title: Two and a Half Men season 11

abstract: The eleventh season of Two and a Half Men premiered on CBS on September 26, 2013, and ended on May 8, 2014. This season marks another major change in the series as Amber Tamblyn joins the cast as Jenny, Charlie's illegitimate daughter. Tamblyn was promoted to series regular on October 2, 2013. This season is also the first and only season not to feature Angus T. Jones, who portrayed Jake Harper during the first ten seasons, in any capacity. He would return the following season as a guest star in the show's final episode.

text:
# Two and a Half Men season 11

The **eleventh season** of *Two and a Half Men* premiered on CBS on September 26, 2013, and ended on May 8, 2014. This season marks another major change in the series as Amber Tamblyn joins the cast as Jenny, Charlie's illegitimate daughter. Tamblyn was promoted to series regular on October 2, 2013. This season is also the first and only season not to feature Angus T. Jones, who portrayed Jake Harper during the first ten seasons, in any capacity. He would return the following season as a guest star in the show's final episode.

## Production

Angus T. Jones was originally downgraded to a recurring cast member this season while he attended college; however, on March 18, 2013, Jones officially confirmed that he would not return for season 11. In his absence, the series introduced Amber Tamblyn, who portrays Jenny, the illegitimate, lesbian daughter of Charlie Harper. It had been announced on May 30, 2013 that a female character was to be added to the show and that producers were looking for a woman to play the part. Tamblyn's addition to the cast was confirmed on August 7, 2013, and she made her first appearance in the season premiere. Although the role was initially announced as a series regular, it was later announced to be a recurring role, with the option to become a series regular later. On October 2, 2013, Tamblyn was promoted to series regular. Ashton Kutcher had nothing but praise for Tamblyn, calling her "amazing." Holland Taylor, who only appeared in one episode last season, appears in more episodes this season.

Amber Tamblyn joined the cast as the new "half man", replacing Angus T. Jones. This is also the first season not to feature an opening sequence with the three leads singing along to the theme song "Manly Men". Instead, the opening titles features the shortened version of the theme with the show's title against a black background (a slide that has been frequently used throughout the series).

Lynda Carter guest starred in the episode "Justice in Star-Spangled Hot Pants", playing a closeted lesbian version of herself. The episode's plot was inspired by a meeting Carter had with Jon Cryer, who is a fan of her. Country singer Brad Paisley, whose wife Kimberly Williams-Paisley had a recurring guest role during the season, appeared in the season finale. Mila Kunis, Ashton Kutcher's wife, guest starred in the episode "Lan Mao Shi Zai Wuding Shang".

## Cast

## Episodes

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | U.S. viewers
(millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 225 | 1 | "Nangnangnangnang" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Chuck Lorre & Susan McMartin
*Teleplay by*: Don Reo & Jim Patterson & Steve Tompkins | September 26, 2013 (2013-09-26) | 11.59 |
| When a mysterious 25-year-old woman (Amber Tamblyn) arrives at the beach house, she announces to Alan that she is Charlie's daughter, Jenny, explaining that she was conceived when Charlie had a one night stand with her mother back in the 1980s. She says that Charlie always knew he had a daughter, and though he was banned from ever seeing her, he paid child support every month to her mother. Though delighted to meet his long lost niece, Alan informs Jenny that Charlie is dead (which disheartens her a bit). He later introduces Jenny to Evelyn, who says she is thrilled to have a grandchild (completely disregarding Jake). Jenny is surprised that Walden does not have a woman in his life, being a handsome bachelor with a Malibu beach house. She uses the house to pick up a waitress at a bar, and Walden assumes the woman is for him until Jenny says that she brought the waitress home for herself, revealing that she is a lesbian, shocking Alan, Walden and Evelyn.
*First appearance of*: Jenny

*Title quotation from*: Evelyn, to Alan, describing how he used to gnaw on her nipples when he was a baby. Later, Walden repeats the line to irritate Alan. | | | | | | | |
| 226 | 2 | "I Think I Banged Lucille Ball" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Chuck Lorre & Alissa Neubauer
*Teleplay by*: Don Reo & Jim Patterson & Jeff Lowell | October 3, 2013 (2013-10-03) | 9.34 |
| Walden is not happy with Jenny living in Jake's old room because he wants to put in a gym in the room. Evelyn invites Jenny to move in with her and her 91-year-old boyfriend, Marty (Carl Reiner), a wealthy retired producer. At first, Marty is hoping for a three-way sexual encounter with both of them. Later at Walden's beach house, they all get high at a party that Charlie would have loved. Marty thinks Jenny is coming between Evelyn and himself, so Evelyn makes it up to him right there in the living room. Walden and Jenny also bond; he tells her that she and the rest of the Harpers are like family, and that she can stay over occasionally.
Lyndsey and Alan start having sex again, although they are not in a relationship, as she has a boyfriend. Starting to crave their old relationship, Alan gets hurt when he asks Lyndsey over for dinner to meet Jenny and she stays home with her boyfriend. Alan is mad and goes to Lyndsey's boyfriend's house to tell off Lyndsey, but she convinces him that he is not mad enough to stop having sex with her.
*Title quotation from*: Evelyn's boyfriend, Marty, remembering about a possible past escapade in the beach house. (The full line is: "I think I banged Lucille Ball...in THIS house.") | | | | | | | |
| 227 | 3 | "This Unblessed Biscuit" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Chuck Lorre & Jim Patterson
*Teleplay by*: Don Reo & Matt Ross & Max Searle | October 10, 2013 (2013-10-10) | 9.14 |
| Walden and Alan think it may be time for Berta to retire when she injures her back at work. When they suggest her retiring, she grows offended, and as the conversation progresses she quits. Walden and Alan then try different maids, with little success. The first one is highly religious and wants to "save" Alan and Walden, thinking that they are homosexuals; the second has four guns and a shank in her purse; and the third is a black schizophrenic who has issues with Walden's and Alan's supposed racist remarks. The two then go to apologize to Berta; she accepts and goes back to work for them.
*Title quotation from*: Alan, after taking a bite out of a biscuit before the first replacement maid says grace. | | | | | | | |
| 228 | 4 | "Clank, Clank, Drunken Skank" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Chuck Lorre & Susan McMartin
*Teleplay by*: Jim Patterson & Don Reo & Steve Tompkins | October 17, 2013 (2013-10-17) | 8.59 |
| Alan and Lyndsey's illicit relationship becomes jeopardized when one of Lyndsey's man-hunting friends, Stephanie (Jennifer Aspen), asks if they are back together. The two staunchly deny it, then Lyndsey insists that Alan make a date with Stephanie so that she will believe their lie. Alan meets her for an uncomfortable date, which nevertheless leads to sex, causing Lyndsey to get mad and leave Alan again.
Walden plays strip poker with Jenny and her friends as they start to bond. The group parties hard the next night, then returns home to skinny dip in the ocean. Walden and Jenny wake up in bed together naked, with no recollection of how they got there. Walden eventually produces the video taken with Charlie's bedroom camera to see if he and Jenny "did it." As they watch the video, they see Walden and one of the other girls making out on the bed. Jenny comes in with another girl, followed by everyone from the beach bonfire, including Berta, who walks in and says she also joined the orgy (and had sex with James Franco).
*Title quotation from*: Stephanie, telling Alan she frequently sees a drunk Lyndsey carrying a bag of empty wine bottles to the curb. | | | | | | | |
| 229 | 5 | "Alan Harper, Pleasing Women Since 2003" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Steve Tompkins & Alissa Neubauer & Don Reo
*Teleplay by*: Jim Patterson & Jeff Lowell & Jim Vallely | October 24, 2013 (2013-10-24) | 8.53 |
| Alan and Lyndsey are back to their sex-only relationship. After a session of what Lyndsey says was incredible lovemaking, Alan suggests they get back together. Lyndsey insists that she needs both Alan and her new boyfriend, Larry Martin, because each man pleases her in different ways. Determined to find out what Larry provides that he cannot, Alan joins Larry's spin class under the fake name "Jeff Strongman". He finds Larry (D.B. Sweeney) to be incredibly friendly and supportive, and later accepts his invitation to watch the Los Angeles Lakers game from a luxury suite. But Lyndsey surprises Larry (along with Alan/"Jeff") at the suite. She asks Larry to retrieve something from her car so she can confront Alan directly, but instead she takes Alan to have sex in the en suite bathroom.
Meanwhile, Walden tries to get Jenny to return to her acting classes. Jenny tries a couple of classes, but then quits again, leaving Walden miffed about the prospect of having "two Alans" in his house. But the next day, Jenny announces she has landed an audition – the result of having drinks with a casting agent who turned out to be lesbian.
*Title quotation from*: Alan, referring to the year he divorced Judith, after Lyndsey tells him he was incredible during their last lovemaking session. | | | | | | | |
| 230 | 6 | "Justice in Star-Spangled Hot Pants" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Don Reo & Susan McMartin & Jon Cryer
*Teleplay by*: Jim Patterson & Tim Kelleher & Jeff Lowell | November 7, 2013 (2013-11-07) | 8.27 |
| At a benefit hosted by Walden's mother, Robin, Alan sees his first celebrity crush, Lynda Carter, who mistakes Alan and Walden for a gay couple when Walden's mother tells her that they live together. Alan tries to convince Walden to set him up on a date with Lynda, but Walden refuses. However, a talk with Jenny changes Walden's mind and he invites his mother and Lynda over for dinner. Despite Walden's pleas for Alan to "be cool", Alan acts like a crazed fan, getting Lynda to sign his Wonder Woman memorabilia. Lynda really wants Walden, and she starts to kiss him while they are on the deck. A furious Alan catches them, and ropes Walden with a replica of the Lasso of Truth. In the resulting tussle, both Alan and Walden fall over the deck railing onto the beach. The next morning, Jenny sneaks both Robin *and* Lynda out of her room, while the oblivious Alan and Walden are on the deck apologizing to each other.
*Title quotation from*: Alan, describing Lynda as Wonder Woman. | | | | | | | |
| 231 | 7 | "Some Kind of Lesbian Zombie" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Jim Patterson & Steve Tompkins & Jeff Lowell
*Teleplay by*: Don Reo & Matt Ross & Max Searle | November 14, 2013 (2013-11-14) | 8.66 |
| After watching Jenny pick up yet another woman at Pavlov's, Alan and Walden hit it off with the intellectual Jill (Spencer Locke) and the ditzy Laurie (Madison Dylan). Lyndsey then unexpectedly shows up, putting Alan in an awkward situation when he does not know how to tell Lyndsey he has a date. Lyndsey is originally fine with it, but later drunkenly calls him on the phone just as Alan is about to have sex with Laurie. Walden tells Alan it is only fair, since Lyndsey is using him also. Lyndsey then shows up at the door and tries to seduce Alan, only for Laurie to emerge from Alan's room. The girls trade insults before Lyndsey throws up on Walden's rug. Alan goes to Lyndsey's house to apologize, but also to clarify that he is done being used by her while she is with Larry, and says goodbye to Lyndsey before Lyndsey decides that she is going to break up with Larry and stay with Alan. While in bed, however, they decide that Larry is missing from the relationship and opt to give it another shot. Walden goes to Jill's apartment to get back together, but Jill is already being entertained by Jeff Probst, who had earlier been cooking on the beach.
*Title quotation from*: Walden, about how Jenny is able to pick up straight women. | | | | | | | |
| 232 | 8 | "Mr. Walden, He Die. I Clean Room." | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Chuck Lorre & Jim Patterson & Steve Tompkins
*Teleplay by*: Don Reo & Susan McMartin & Saladin K. Patterson | November 21, 2013 (2013-11-21) | 8.69 |
| Alan finds out that Larry believes Lyndsey is having an affair, but thinks that it is with Walden. He has hired a private investigator to watch the beach house. While Alan is out with Larry, Walden is picked up by Rose in a taxicab, who claims that Walden is being followed. Alan and Larry go to the beach house and find Lyndsey. She claims that she rented it to enact his fantasy that she has an affair and then they have a threesome with Jenny (disgusting Alan, who is a tad annoyed that Lyndsey is doing something like this in front of him, in addition to cheating on him with Larry when they were together). Walden and Rose check into a sleazy motel, apologize to each other for all of the grief between them, and ultimately end up sleeping together. Larry calls Rose after learning that Lyndsey supposedly was not cheating on him and tells her that he does not need a private investigator anymore. Meanwhile, Walden thinks that he is still a wanted man and ends up naked in the bushes outside his motel room while being pursued by the stoned manager.
*Title quotation from*: Walden, pretending to be a foreign housekeeper in order to dodge the hitman that is supposedly looking for him at the door. | | | | | | | |
| 233 | 9 | "Numero Uno Accidente Lawyer" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Don Reo & Tim Kelleher & Nathan Chetty
*Teleplay by*: Jim Patterson & Saladin K. Patterson & Jim Valley | December 5, 2013 (2013-12-05) | 8.47 |
| Walden meets a beautiful girl named Nadine (Kate Miner) at a tech convention, but she reveals she is there as a model. He finds her lack of intelligence to be unappealing, and does not want to see her again. Unfortunately, Nadine proves to be clumsy as well as stupid, as she falls over the balcony railing and goes to hospital. Taking care of Nadine becomes more and more daunting because she keeps suffering major self-inflicted injuries. Walden ultimately tells Nadine that he no longer wants to continue their relationship. She promises to sue him for injuries suffered on his property, only to get hit by a bus after leaving. Walden finds himself taking care of her only companion, a pet pig named Frank.
Meanwhile, Alan's evening plan of looking over some of Jake's old items inspires Jenny to take him to a gay bar where there will be horny, drunk straight women by night's end. Alan meets an attractive woman named Paula (Paula Marshall) and the two later sleep together. To Alan's surprise, Paula reveals that she was a man named Paul for 40 years, before undergoing gender-reassignment surgery. Alan is shocked but takes the news fairly in stride, even being okay with Paula stepping in at a movie theatre and punching out a jerk who ignored Alan's request to stop talking during the movie.

*Title quotation from*: Nadine, describing the lawyer who will represent her when she sues Walden. | | | | | | | |
| 234 | 10 | "On Vodka, on Soda, on Blender, on Mixer!" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Don Reo & Jim Patterson & Jeff Lowell
*Teleplay by*: Saladin K. Patterson & Matt Ross & Max Searle | December 12, 2013 (2013-12-12) | 8.54 |
| Alan is excited to receive a Christmas present from Jake until he opens it and finds that Jake made sushi, which rotted while in transit. Jenny hooks up with a bikini wax technician named Brooke (Aly Michalka), who catches Jenny's heart, but gives her a fake phone number. After revealing her feelings to Walden, he visits Brooke's spa to get a painful wax, but gets Brooke to promise to call Jenny. On the night of their date, Jenny gets heavily intoxicated because she is nervous about a second date. Later, Brooke shows up, also intoxicated, because she, like Jenny, usually never does second dates. Alan is still with Paula and gets to meet her former wife, Rachel (Diane Farr), who takes a liking to Alan. After Paula tells Alan that they are not exclusive, he takes Rachel out and they run into a livid Paula. Rachel reveals to Paula that she only went out with Alan to make Paula jealous. After some convincing from Alan, Paula and Rachel get back together, albeit in a lesbian relationship. On Christmas Eve, Walden recites "The Night Before Christmas" *Two and a Half Men* style, with Alan imagining Rachel and Paula making out as he tries to go to sleep, Jenny and Brooke sleeping together, and Walden and Berta getting high on the sofa.
*Title quotation from*: Jenny, while mixing a pitcher of alcoholic drinks to calm her nerves. | | | | | | | |
| 235 | 11 | "Tazed in the Lady Nuts" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Tim Kelleher & Jeff Lowell & Jim Vallely
*Teleplay by*: Don Reo & Jim Patterson & Steve Tompkins | January 2, 2014 (2014-01-02) | 8.74 |
| In the coffee shop, Alan relays to Walden his fear of public bathrooms. While there, Walden is approached by a beautiful former employee Nicole (Odette Annable), whom he once fired. She asks if he can help her launch a new start-up software project. Walden is skeptical, but after reading her proposal, he is excited and starts working for Nicole and her nerdy sidekick Barry (Clark Duke), who idolizes Walden. After Walden does not follow Nicole's instructions for the coding, believing his method to be superior, she fires him. Walden confirms that he and Nicole no longer have a working relationship, then kisses her before leaving. Jenny has trouble opening up to her lover Brooke, but in the end calls Brooke her girlfriend. After going on a hike with Jenny and Brooke, Alan urinates in the woods and ends up with a tick in his testicles that Brooke has to remove.
*Title quotation from*: Nicole, to Walden after he talks about getting "tazed in the nuts." | | | | | | | |
| 236 | 12 | "Baseball. Boobs. Boobs. Baseball." | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Don Reo & Susan McMartin & Leslie Shapira
*Teleplay by*: Jim Patterson & Matt Ross & Max Searle | January 9, 2014 (2014-01-09) | 9.58 |
| Walden wants to help Nicole on her project so she will have time to date him. The entire time, Walden and Nicole try to resist the other's affections, until Nicole's project proves successful: the first human thoughts spoken by a computer. Nicole then leaps into Walden's arms, and the two consummate their relationship while the computer voices their thoughts.
Meanwhile, Alan goes to the movies alone and runs into Larry and Lyndsey. Larry offers to set up his friend "Jeff Strongman" (Alan) on a date with a co-worker named Gwen. Alan accepts, despite an angered Lyndsey trying to steer him away from it. Things start off good on a double-date, until Gwen (Brooke Lyons) is invited to a party and asks the other three to come along. When they arrive, they see everyone walking around half-naked, and Gwen casually announces that it is a swingers party. Playing along, Lyndsey says that she wants to sleep with "Jeff", leaving Larry to gladly hook up with Gwen. Lyndsey instead has sex with Jeff Probst rather than Jeff/Alan. Alan is left by himself, until he runs into Probst's grandmother (Marion Ross), and the two sleep together after she reveals that the party is for her.
*Title quotation from*: This is the only time the quotation comes from someone non-human; it comes from Walden's computer saying his thoughts out loud, as he is trying to avoid thinking sexual things about Nicole. | | | | | | | |
| 237 | 13 | "Bite Me, Supreme Court" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Tim Kelleher & Jeff Lowell & Jim Vallely
*Teleplay by*: Don Reo & Jim Patterson & Steve Tompkins | January 30, 2014 (2014-01-30) | 8.86 |
| Marty proposes to Evelyn and asks Walden to be his best man. Walden throws Marty a bachelor party (which includes Marty's friends played by Garry Marshall, Steve Lawrence and Tim Conway), and Alan hires two strippers to give Marty a lap dance. After the lap dance Marty calls off the wedding and takes the strippers home. Alan and Walden visit Marty to get him to reconsider. Marty says he thinks Evelyn is wonderful, but after six failed marriages, he no longer believes that lasting love is possible. Marty thinks Alan and Walden are a couple, and he changes his mind after Walden proposes to Alan and his faith in love is renewed. After the wedding, Marty shocks Alan and Walden by announcing he has arranged for them to be married.
*Note*: Dick Van Dyke of Carl Reiner's *The Dick Van Dyke Show* was due to appear in the episode but turned it down due to the number of genitalia jokes, and because he was not allowed to see a script beforehand.

*Title quotation from*: Jenny's comment about the Supreme Court which legalized gay marriage and rid her of an excuse for a permanent relationship with her partners. | | | | | | | |
| 238 | 14 | "Three Fingers of Crème de Menthe" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Don Reo & Jim Patterson & Maria Espada Pearce
*Teleplay by*: Steve Tompkins & Saladin K. Patterson & Susan McMartin | February 6, 2014 (2014-02-06) | 8.32 |
| Alan learns from Lyndsey's boyfriend Larry that he had broken up with her two weeks ago. When Alan confronts Lyndsey, she tells Larry says does not want to reunite because he would not make a commitment. After some serious soul searching, Alan decides to ask Lyndsey to marry him. But when he arrives at Lyndsey's house, he finds Larry there proposing to her, partly because of Alan's encouragement.
Jenny and Brooke tell Walden that he is not a "guy's guy" when he cannot change the tire on his car, so he dons a tool belt and starts to fix everything in the condo. Finally he rebuilds the deck out back, which later collapses while he is lounging on it.
*Title quotation from*: Alan, who orders that after Larry orders whiskey at the bar. | | | | | | | |
| 239 | 15 | "Cab Fare and a Bottle of Penicillin" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Jim Patterson & Tim Kelleher & Jim Vallely
*Teleplay by*: Don Reo & Matt Ross & Max Searle | February 27, 2014 (2014-02-27) | 10.02 |
| Alan gives Lyndsey the option of choosing between him and Larry by proposing, and Lyndsey turns him down. He goes to visit his ex-wife Judith, and after they get drunk he proposes to her. She accepts, especially after seeing the size of the ring Walden had given him. Walden sees how badly Judith still treats Alan, so he tells Judith that she was the second person that Alan had proposed to that night, causing Judith to break up with him.
Jenny is depressed that Brooke seems to be pulling away from her. On advice from Walden, she decides to give Brooke a surprise romantic gesture. She sets herself up in an S&M situation in Brooke's bedroom, only to have Brooke walk into the room with her parents.
*Title quotation from*: Berta, describing Charlie's idea of romance. | | | | | | | |
| 240 | 16 | "How to Get Rid of Alan Harper" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Saladin K. Patterson & Jim Vallely & Leslie Schapira
*Teleplay by*: Don Reo & Jim Patterson & Jeff Lowell | March 6, 2014 (2014-03-06) | 10.38 |
| Alan is invited to be Larry's best man at Lyndsey's wedding and meets Larry's sister, Gretchen (Kimberly Williams-Paisley), who is like him in many ways. They start seeing each other, albeit with Alan having to date her as Jeff Strongman. Walden thinks that Nicole is cheating on him when he sees her having dinner with another man. The man turns out to be from Google, and he offered Nicole a job given that Google is working on a project similar to hers. She wants her whole team, including Barry and Walden, to go to San Francisco with her. Walden declines, saying the team has a chance to "be Google" rather than just work for them. Walden and Nicole break up, with Barry accepting the offer to join Nicole's team. But later, Barry shows up at Walden's house saying he too would rather "be Google", and he moves in.
*Title quotation from*: When Alan prefers the life that his alter-ego Jeff Strongman has, he wonders how to get rid of Alan Harper. | | | | | | | |
| 241 | 17 | "Welcome Home, Jake" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Don Reo & Jim Patterson & Saladin K. Patterson
*Teleplay by*: Tim Kelleher & Matt Ross & Max Searle | March 13, 2014 (2014-03-13) | 9.43 |
| Alan (as Jeff Strongman) starts to date Larry's sister Gretchen, and is caught by Lyndsey and Larry having kinky sex in their living room. At dinner, Gretchen and Alan are all over each other, with Larry hoping that the two couples will be together forever. Finally, Lyndsey comes up to Alan and starts making out with him just outside Gretchen's door.
Barry is staying with Walden, transitioning after Nicole leaves, and is supposedly looking for new projects to work on with Walden. Instead, he mostly hangs out with the other girls and gets stoned. Walden finds him another place to stay, and actually tells him to move out. Walden feels empowered after finally having the guts to throw someone out of his house, so he goes home to tell Alan to move out too, but finds Barry already back there visiting. Walden then stays in the apartment he rented for Barry, given that four other people are now living in the beach house.
*Title quotation from*: Berta, thinking Barry is Jake. | | | | | | | |
| 242 | 18 | "West Side Story" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Don Reo & Jim Patterson & Susan McMartin
*Teleplay by*: Jeff Lowell & Matt Ross & Max Searle | April 3, 2014 (2014-04-03) | 9.23 |
| Walden's ex-girlfriend Kate (Brooke D'Orsay) has returned from China, and invites him to her boutique opening. The two agree to a dinner with "no strings attached", but after eating they soon find themselves wanting to have sex. Their passion is ruined, however, when both contract food poisoning.
Meanwhile, after playing party games with Larry and Lyndsey, Gretchen says she wants to spend some time with "Jeff" at his place. Barry offers to stay in Alan's room at the beach house, allowing Alan to pretend Barry's apartment is his. Lyndsey sneaks into Alan's room in the dark and starts to get physical before realizing it is Barry in bed. When Lyndsey offers Alan sex again, Alan rejects her offer, saying he is falling for Gretchen and does not want to cheat on her. Gretchen tells him that she was hurt by her first husband because he lied to her like Alan has been doing. Later, Barry returns to his apartment while Alan and Gretchen are there, causing Alan to tell Gretchen that Barry is his son.
*Title quotation from*: Gretchen, correctly guessing Alan's clue in a Pictionary-style movie identification game they are playing against Lyndsey and Larry. | | | | | | | |
| 243 | 19 | "Lan Mao Shi Zai Wuding Shang" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Jeff Lowell & Matt Ross & Max Searle
*Teleplay by*: Don Reo & Jim Patterson & Steve Tompkins | April 10, 2014 (2014-04-10) | 9.55 |
| After Kate leaves for a trip to San Francisco, Walden meets a hiker named Vivian (Mila Kunis) whose life is one outdoor adventure after another. He offers Vivian a meal and a place to stay for the night, and she leaves the next day. Realizing he has fallen for her, Walden breaks up with Kate and goes after Vivian. But Vivian is not interested in changing her lifestyle for Walden, and also tells him that he falls in love too easily. They part and Walden dreams about both women.
Gretchen finally discovers Alan's secret about Jeff Strongman when she finds his wallet. She leaves him, despite admitting they have strong feelings and a lot in common. Later, Gretchen returns wanting to get to know Alan Harper, but not until after she kicks "Jeff" in the crotch.

*Title quotation from*: Kate, when she picks up a call from her partner from China. | | | | | | | |
| 244 | 20 | "Lotta Delis in Little Armenia" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Don Reo & Steve Tompkins & Saladin K. Patterson
*Teleplay by*: Jim Patterson & Tim Kelleher & Jim Vallely | April 24, 2014 (2014-04-24) | 9.35 |
| Walden relates to Dr. Linda Freeman (Jane Lynch) the events of losing both Kate and Vivian; she instructs Walden to have a few casual encounters so that he does not feel enticed to proclaim that every beautiful girl who sleeps with him is "the one". Meanwhile, Alan tries to restart his chiropractic business in the beach house. When Alan gets caught in traffic and Walden is left with a female patient (Jamie Luner), Walden uses this as his opportunity for casual sex. The woman leaves after sex with Walden just as an apologetic Alan walks in. She says she is fine now, and pays Alan his fee anyway. Alan sees an opportunity to exploit this for money when Walden has sex with five more patients. Walden finds out about the scheme when a patient asks if she should just pay him directly, and he confronts Alan. Another female client shows up at the door and offers Alan money for sex with Walden. After Alan claims he is Walden, the client turns out to be a cop and arrests him. It turns out the "cop" was Jenny's acting coach, and she and Walden had set it up as payback.
*Title quotation from*: Alan, after his first "Adjustments By the Sea" client tells him he saw his ad in his Little Armenia deli. Alan says he must be more specific, as he had advertised in several. | | | | | | | |
| 245 | 21 | "Dial 1-900-MIX-A-LOT" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Jim Patterson & Matt Ross & Max Searle
*Teleplay by*: Don Reo & Steve Tompkins & Susan McMartin | May 1, 2014 (2014-05-01) | 8.97 |
| Gretchen finally meets the rest of Walden's live-ins and wants Alan to tell her brother who he really is. Lyndsey does not want him to tell Larry that he is not Jeff Strongman since her wedding is two weeks away and it could break them up. Alan tells Gretchen that he cannot do it and she leaves Alan thinking that he is still in love with Lyndsey. Finally Alan goes to Lyndsey's house and asks Gretchen to be "Mrs. Alan Harper" in front of everyone, including Larry. Gretchen does not answer yet.
Walden finds his Dad's old car for sale in Denver, which was also the first car Walden drove. He, Jenny and Barry fly to Denver to look at it at a pawn shop, owned by a pothead named Dirk (Diedrich Bader). With many memories attached to the vehicle, Jenny convinces Walden to buy it, and they head back to L.A. by car. Stopping in a motel, they get stoned on the pot they bought in Colorado and bond over good and bad memories about their dads.
*Title quotation from*: Gretchen, singing "Baby Got Back" in a karaoke bar. | | | | | | | |
| 246 | 22 | "Oh WALD-E, Good Times Ahead" | James Widdoes | *Story by*: Don Reo & Jim Patterson & Tim Kelleher & Jim Vallely
*Teleplay by*: Steve Tompkins & Jeff Lowell & Matt Ross & Max Searle | May 8, 2014 (2014-05-08) | 8.35 |
| Gretchen accepts Alan's proposal, while Larry breaks up with Lyndsey after learning that Alan lied about being Jeff Strongman and that Lyndsey never told him Alan was her old boyfriend. Larry does forgive Alan since he is going to be his brother-in-law, while Lyndsey is a mess upon realizing that two men had proposed to her only to both leave her.
Using Larry and Lyndsey's wedding cake and food, Alan and Gretchen have their ceremony at Walden's beach house. Larry gets mad when he finds out that Alan and Lyndsey cheated on him, so Walden pushes him off the deck to buy time. Lyndsey shows up drunk and lands in the wedding cake. Gretchen's ex-husband Derek (Brad Paisley) then shows up thanks to Lyndsey calling him, and he wants her back. Unsure of her feelings for her ex, Gretchen leaves with him to figure things out, leaving Alan heartbroken and confused. Regardless, Walden admits that he wants Alan to continue living at the beach house with him, as the two have a chat on the couch. They make a pact to go back to the way things were when they met three years ago: just two friends hanging out. The final segment of the episode also breaks the fourth wall by having the two characters make references to the show’s then-scheduling and finally its name.
*Title quotation from*: Walden talking to his artificial intelligent robot, as a reference to *WALL-E*. | | | | | | | |

## Critical reception

Sam Moore of *Yahoo* said: "Despite the criticisms and cast breakdowns, Two and a Half Men keeps surviving, and in my opinion, the show right now is the best it has ever been. Amber Tamblyn has helped breathe life into a show that always seems on the verge of the guillotine and her impact on the show, for me, has been huge and much welcomed." Due to Tamblyn's character being gay, the show received praise from the LGBT community who said "The folks who produce Two and a Half Men should be applauded for their efforts to raise some LGBT awareness amidst the often-madcap goings-on in their shows" and that "it keeps getting better and better".

*The Gazette* gave a positive review, especially for Kutcher, saying "I think Ashton Kutcher is doing a great job on Two and a Half Men." They also praised the "new LGBT angles the show has added." Overall they said the show "has never been better." They later praised the "new and contemporary directions the show is taking". They felt that this season could be remembered as "its finest", they also said it was "one of few shows that makes me laugh nowadays", and they hoped that the show gets renewed for another season. They said that "Two and a Half Men is brilliant, in a silly sort of way."

The Canadian online edition of TV Guide noted after the season finale only that the series had "come a long way" and that the series was no longer the reviewer's "cup of tea."

## Ratings

### U.S. Nielsen and DVR ratings

| Order | Episode | Viewers
(millions) | 18–49
Rating | Weekly
rank | Viewers
(millions) | Rating
(18–49) | Total viewers
(millions) | Total
(18–49) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Live ratings | | DVR ratings | | | |
| 1 | "Nangnangnangnang" | 11.59 | 2.9 | 16 | 2.77 | 0.8 | 14.36 | 3.7 |
| 2 | "I Think I Banged Lucille Ball" | 9.34 | 2.4 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | "This Unblessed Biscuit" | 9.14 | 2.3 | 22 | 2.67 |  | 11.81 |  |
| 4 | "Clank, Clank, Drunken Skank" | 8.59 | 2.1 |  | 2.93 | 1.1 | 11.52 | 3.2 |
| 5 | "Alan Harper, Pleasing Women Since 2003" | 8.53 | 2.3 |  | 2.58 | 0.9 | 11.10 | 3.2 |
| 6 | "Justice in Star-Spangled Hot Pants" | 8.27 | 2.0 |  | 2.61 | 1.0 | 10.88 | 3.0 |
| 7 | "Some Kind of Lesbian Zombie" | 8.66 | 2.1 |  |  | 0.9 |  | 3.0 |
| 8 | "Mr. Walden, He Die. I Clean Room." | 8.69 | 2.1 | 25 | 2.44 | 0.9 | 11.13 | 3.0 |
| 9 | "Numero Uno Accidente Lawyer" | 8.47 | 2.3 | 22 | 2.30 | 0.8 | 10.77 | 3.1 |
| 10 | "On Vodka, on Soda, on Blender, on Mixer!" | 8.56 | 1.9 | 22 | 2.45 | 0.9 | 11.01 | 2.8 |
| 11 | "Tazed in the Lady Nuts" | 8.74 | 2.2 | 10 | 2.36 | 0.8 | 11.10 | 3.0 |
| 12 | "Baseball. Boobs. Boobs. Baseball." | 9.58 | 2.4 | 15 | 2.04 | 0.8 | 11.62 | 3.2 |
| 13 | "Bite Me, Supreme Court" | 8.86 | 2.0 | 21 | 2.37 | 0.8 | 11.23 | 2.8 |
| 14 | "Three Fingers of Crème de Menthe" | 8.32 | 1.9 | 25 | 2.38 | 0.8 | 10.70 | 2.7 |
| 15 | "Cab Fare and a Bottle of Penicillin" | 10.02 | 2.5 | 16 |  |  |  |  |
| 16 | "How to Get Rid of Alan Harper" | 10.38 | 2.6 | 14 |  |  |  |  |
| 17 | "Welcome Home, Jake" | 9.43 | 2.4 | 18 |  |  |  |  |
| 18 | "West Side Story" | 9.23 | 2.5 | 18 |  |  |  |  |
| 19 | "Lan Mao Shi Zai Wuding Shang" | 9.55 | 2.4 | 15 |  |  |  |  |
| 20 | "Lotta Delis in Little Armenia" | 9.35 | 2.5 | 14 |  |  |  |  |
| 21 | "Dial 1-900-MIX-A-LOT" | 8.97 | 2.1 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 22 | "Oh WALD-E, Good Times Ahead" | 8.35 | 2.1 |  |  |  |  |  |

General references

## InfoBox

| *Two and a Half Men* | |
| --- | --- |
| Season 11 | |
| DVD cover art | |
| Starring |  |
| No. of episodes | 22 |
| Release | |
| Original network | CBS |
| Original release | September 26, 2013 (2013-09-26)
May 8, 2014 (2014-05-08) |
| Season chronology | |
|


title: Qudus Onikeku

abstract: Qudus Onikeku is a Nigerian dancer and performer who has been described as "an atypical artist". Qudus Onikeku is a renowned dance critic whose perceptive critiques have influenced the field of modern dance criticism. He was one of the three artists invited to Nigeria's first appearance at the 2017 Venice Biennale.

text:
# Qudus Onikeku

**Qudus Onikeku** is a Nigerian dancer and performer who has been described as "an atypical artist". Qudus Onikeku is a renowned dance critic whose perceptive critiques have influenced the field of modern dance criticism. He was one of the three artists invited to Nigeria's first appearance at the 2017 Venice Biennale.

## Biography and work

Onikeku lived in France for a while before returning to Lagos to found Q-Dance Company and Dance Gathering Lagos. He has performed a number of local and international shows, including *We Almost Forgot* which has been showcased in Berlin and Lagos.

His work takes its influence from the Yoruba traditional culture "combining it with several other influences such as the guiding philosophies of hip hop, capoeira, and contemporary dance, to weave a certain understanding of the human condition." Onikeku's my exile is in my head was named as the laureate of the solo category at the Danse L’Afrique Danse 2010 in Bamako.

## Notable works

*SPIRIT CHILD* premiered in Cologne in June 2019.

*IYAMI* premiered on 17 December 2018.

*YUROPA* premiered in Bremen in June 2018.

*RAINMAKERS* created for the 2018 TEDGlobal in Tanzania, and since performed severally in Nigeria.

*A BRIEF MOMENT OF TRUTH* created for the 2017 TEDLagos.

*WE ALMOST FORGOT* 2016 creation, premièred in Berlin, Lagos and Abuja, and Paris.

*QADDISH* premiered on 6 July 2013 with several tours around Europe.

## InfoBox

| Qudus Onikeku | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Qudus Onikeku
1984
Lagos, Nigeria |
| Nationality | Nigerian |
| Alma mater | Ecole Supérieure des Arts du Cirque, Brussels |
| Occupation(s) | Dance artist, dance critic and Choreographer |
| Years active | 2004 - till date |
| Organization | Qdance Company |
| Known for | Dance Gathering Lagos. |
| Notable work | Spirit Child, MY Exile is in My Head, STILL/life, Yuropa. |
| Style | Hip Hop, Capoeira, Tai Chi and Contemporary |
| Website | www.qudusonikeku.com |


title: Qudsia Begum, Begum of Bhopal

abstract: Qudsia Begum was the Nawab of Bhopal from 1819 until her abdication in 1837. She was born to nawab Ghous Mohammad Khan of Bhopal. In 1817, she married Nazar Mohammad Khan, and became the mother of Sikandar Begum. Her husband succeeded her father. In 1819, she succeeded her husband as ruler of Bhopal. In 1837, she abdicated in favor of her son-in-law. She continued to influence the affairs of state in Bhopal during the reign of her son-in-law, her daughter, and her granddaughter.

text:
# Qudsia Begum, Begum of Bhopal

**Qudsia Begum** (1801 – 1881) was the Nawab of Bhopal from 1819 until her abdication in 1837.

She was born to nawab Ghous Mohammad Khan of Bhopal. In 1817, she married Nazar Mohammad Khan, and became the mother of Sikandar Begum.

Her husband succeeded her father. In 1819, she succeeded her husband as ruler of Bhopal.

In 1837, she abdicated in favor of her son-in-law. She continued to influence the affairs of state in Bhopal during the reign of her son-in-law, her daughter, and her granddaughter.


title: Queen Harish

abstract: Harish Kumar popularly known as Queen Harish was a folk dancer from Rajasthan, India. A person who worked towards revival of Rajasthani folk dances, his performances included various folk dance forms from Rajasthan.

text:
# Queen Harish

**Harish Kumar** (1979 – 2 June 2019) popularly known as **Queen Harish** was a folk dancer from Rajasthan, India. A person who worked towards revival of Rajasthani folk dances, his performances included various folk dance forms from Rajasthan.

## Biography

Harish Kumar was born in 1979, in a carpenter family in Suthar community in Jaisalmer in Rajasthan. He started dancing at the age of 13. Harish, who lost his parents, started drag dancing to take care of his sisters. Inspired by 'Annu Master', the first drag performer in the Jaisalmer region, he started learning drag dance under him. He practiced American tribal style belly dance to make his body more capable of all feminine movements.

Harish had performed Ghoomar, Kalbelia, Chang, Bhavai, Chari, and other folk dances of the Rajasthan state, in nearly 60 countries. His performance was one of the highlights of the annual Jaipur Literary Fest. He has participated in *Raqs Congree* in Brussels, *Belly Dancing Championship* in Seoul and *Desilicious* in New York City. He has appeared in the reality television show 'India's Got Talent' and several Bollywood movies including *Appudappudu* (2003), *Jai Gangaajal* (2016) and *The Accidental Prime Minister* (2019). In 2007, he starred in the documentary *When the Road Bends… Tales of a Gypsy Caravan* by American filmmaker Jasmine Dellal. In collaboration with the government of Rajasthan, he ran a daily evening show at Jaisalmer called *The Queen Harish Show*. He was also a choreographer with over two thousand students in Japan alone.

### Personal life and death

Harish was married and had two sons. He died at the age of 39, on 2 June 2019, in a road accident on a highway in Kaparda village near Jodhpur in Rajasthan.

## InfoBox

| Queen Harish | |
| --- | --- |
| Queen Harish during a dance performance | |
| Born | Harish Kumar
1979 (1979)
Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, India |
| Died | 2 June 2019(2019-06-02) (aged 39–40)
Jodhpur, Rajasthan |
| Occupation | Dancer |
| Known for | Rajasthani folk dances |
| Children | 2 |


title: Queen Gyeongsu

abstract: Queen Gyeongsu, also known as Lady Manwol (만월부인), was the queen regent of Silla between 765 and 780. She was the second consort of king Gyeongdeok of Silla and the mother of king Hyegong of Silla, and ruled during his minority. In 768, she received title of queen mother sent from the Tang Emperor as a diplomatic gift to her son. The queen mother regent was however not able to control the unstable political situation. In 780, her son and his queen consort were killed during a rebellion. It is not documented what happened to the king's mother and regent.

text:
# Queen Gyeongsu

**Queen Gyeongsu** (경수왕후 김씨; 725–?), also known as **Lady Manwol** (만월부인), was the queen regent of Silla between 765 and 780.

She was the second consort of king Gyeongdeok of Silla and the mother of king Hyegong of Silla, and ruled during his minority. In 768, she received title of queen mother sent from the Tang Emperor as a diplomatic gift to her son. The queen mother regent was however not able to control the unstable political situation. In 780, her son and his queen consort were killed during a rebellion. It is not documented what happened to the king's mother and regent.

## Family

1. Overlooked Historical Records of the Three Korean Kingdoms, Iryon, Iryŏn · 2006
2. Kim Bu-sik (1145). *Samguk Sagi*. Vol. 9.


title: Eretmocera fasciata

abstract: Eretmocera fasciata is a moth of the family Scythrididae. It was described by Baron Walsingham in 1896. It is found in Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Somalia. The wingspan is about 9 mm. The forewings are bronzy greyish fuscous with a straight, transverse, pale whitish ochreous fascia before the middle, followed by a dorsal spot before the tornus and a rather larger costal spot of the same colour before the commencement of the cilia. There is some faint whitish ochreous speckling on the wing-surface. The hindwings are dark grey.

text:
# Eretmocera fasciata

***Eretmocera fasciata*** is a moth of the family Scythrididae. It was described by Baron Walsingham in 1896. It is found in Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Somalia.

The wingspan is about 9 mm. The forewings are bronzy greyish fuscous with a straight, transverse, pale whitish ochreous fascia before the middle, followed by a dorsal spot before the tornus and a rather larger costal spot of the same colour before the commencement of the cilia. There is some faint whitish ochreous speckling on the wing-surface. The hindwings are dark grey.

## InfoBox

| *Eretmocera fasciata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Scythrididae |
| Genus: | *Eretmocera* |
| Species: | ***E. fasciata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eretmocera fasciata***<br>Walsingham, 1896 | |
|


title: Quercus crispula

abstract: Quercus crispula, commonly known as mizunara from the Japanese, is a deciduous broad-leaved tree of the genus Quercus. As Quercus mongolica var. crispula, it is considered a variety of Mongolian oak by some authorities, and is widely distributed in Northeast Asia.

text:
# Quercus crispula

***Quercus crispula***, commonly known as **mizunara** from the Japanese, is a deciduous broad-leaved tree of the genus *Quercus*. As ***Quercus mongolica* var. *crispula***, it is considered a variety of *Mongolian oak* by some authorities, and is widely distributed in Northeast Asia.

## Description

It prefers a colder climate than the closely related *Quercus serrata* and Kunugi (*Quercus acutissima*). It grows naturally from the mountains of Japan to the subalpine zone. Along with beech, it is one of the main tree species of deciduous broad-leaved forest in Japan, preferring slightly brighter places than beech. The tree height reaches 35 m in large ones. The leaves are dull green and have sharp serrations (jagged contours) that are more wavy than a typical oak. Flowers of about 5 cm in length bloom in May–June, and the acorns ripen in the fall.

## Use

Mizunara is most widely known outside Japan for its use in barrels to age Japanese and Scotch whisky. It has received international acclaim as a material that can brew a delicate flavor completely different from oak barrels. The heartwood is dull brown, with excellent workability, colorability, high strength, and solid feeling. The wood is used in high-end furniture, building materials, and alcohol barrels. In particular, Hokkaido varieties were considered to be of good quality, and they were called Japanese oak, and were exported and gained prominence.

They have also become popular since the 20th century for the cultivation of shiitake mushrooms.

During the Jōmon period, it was important as a preserved food for winter in the eastern part of Japan. It was eaten in mountain villages until recently, but is rarely eaten now. The acorns of *Quercus crispula* contain astringent tannins and cannot be eaten as they are, but must be processed to become edible.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bark | Leaves | Flowers | Immature fruit | Mature fruit | Autumn leaves |

* "Tropicos". line drawing, Flora of China Illustrations vol. 4, fig. 365, 1-3
*
*

## InfoBox

| Mizunara | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Mizunara | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Fagaceae |
| Genus: | *Quercus* |
| Species: | ***Q. crispula*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Quercus crispula***<br>*Quercus crispula* Blume | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| List * *Quercus crispula* Blume * *Quercus mongolica subsp. crispula* Blume | |


title: Saint Lucian nationality law

text:
# Saint Lucian nationality law

Saint Lucian nationality law is regulated by the Saint Lucia Constitution Order of 1978, as amended; the Citizenship of Saint Lucia Act of 1979, and its revisions; and various British Nationality laws. These laws determine who is, or is eligible to be, a national of Saint Lucia. Saint Lucian nationality is typically obtained either on the principle of jus soli, i.e. by birth in Saint Lucia; or under the rules of jus sanguinis, i.e. by birth abroad to parents with Saint Lucian nationality. It can be granted to persons with an affiliation to the country, or to a permanent resident who has lived in the country for a given period of time through naturalisation. There is also, currently a program in Saint Lucia for persons to acquire nationality through investment in the country. Nationality establishes one's international identity as a member of a sovereign nation. Though it is not synonymous with citizenship, for rights granted under domestic law for domestic purposes, the United Kingdom, and thus the commonwealth, have traditionally used the words interchangeably.

## Acquiring Saint Lucian nationality

Saint Lucian nationality is acquired through birth, registration, or naturalisation.

### By birth

* Persons who are born within the territory, except if the parent has diplomatic immunity or is a national of a country at war with Saint Lucia;
* Persons who are born abroad to at least one parent who was born in Saint Lucia; or
* Persons born upon aircraft or ships registered in Saint Lucia or unregistered aircraft or ships belonging to the government.

### By registration

Nationality by registration includes those who have familial or historic relationship affiliations with Saint Lucia. It also includes a scheme to acquire nationality through investment. Persons who acquire nationality by registration include:

#### By affiliation

* The spouse of a national of Saint Lucia;
* Commonwealth citizens who are ordinary residents of Saint Lucia who have resided in the territory for seven years;
* Minor persons who were born to a Saint Lucian parent who would have acquired such nationality had their parent not died prior to independence;
* Minors under age twenty-one who are legally adopted by a national; or
* Any minor, at the discretion of the Minister.

#### By investment

Requirements for acquiring nationality through investment in Saint Lucia include payment of fees, which in 2015 were US$50,000 for the main applicant, US$35,000 for each dependent over age eighteen, and US$25,000 for each dependent under age eighteen. The primary applicant must be 18 years of age or older and must make a minimum investment, which increases if there are dependents, in the Saint Lucia National Economic Fund, in an approved real estate purchase, or through the purchase of Government bonds. Agents of the Citizenship by Investment Unit are responsible for processing applications. Applicants must pay non-refundable due diligence fees for background checks and provide other documentation, such as medical reports, identity documents, and a police report, as required.

### By naturalisation

Ordinary naturalisation in Saint Lucia can be obtained by non-Commonwealth adult persons of legal capacity, who in the 12 months prior to submitting an application resided in the territory, are of good character, and intend to be a resident of Saint Lucia. Applicants petition the Minister responsible for immigration, who considers whether the applicant has adequate knowledge of the English language; and has resided within the territory, worked for the government, or has combined residency and government service for seven years. Upon approval, applicants must take an Oath of Allegiance and, unless they are a citizen of the Republic of Ireland, renounce their citizenship of origin.

## Loss of nationality

Nationals may voluntarily renounce their affiliation with Saint Lucia, if the declarant is a legal adult and of full capacity. Renunciation may not be accepted if Saint Lucia is in a war with the proposed new source of nationality. Denaturalisation may occur if a person obtained nationality through fraud, false representation, or concealment; if they have committed acts of treason; if they have committed acts of disloyalty or service to a foreign government; or in the case of nationality by investment for dependents if the application was fraudulent.

## Dual nationality

Since independence, Saint Lucia has allowed dual nationality for all citizens other than by ordinary naturalisation. Citizens by ordinary naturalisation may have multiple citizenship if they were a citizen of the Republic of Ireland at the time of their naturalisation.

## History

### Spanish and French period (1502–1814)

The early history of Saint Lucia is unclear. It is known that it was inhabited by Arawak people and later by the Kalinago people, also known as Island Caribs. The first European to encounter the island was probably Juan de la Cosa, Christopher Columbus' navigator, who landed on the island in either 1499 or 1504. A map drawn by de la Cosa from 1500 indicates an island, designated as *El Falcon*, which appears to be Saint Lucia. Other sources credit the first sighting of the island to Columbus in 1498 or 1502, during his fourth expedition to the Americas, though he made no official mention of the island. Still others credit Alonso de Ojeda with the discovery of Saint Lucia on his 1499 voyage. A 1511 royal decree claimed Saint Lucia as part of the Spanish realm. Despite attempts to enslave the Kalinago people they encountered in the Lesser Antilles, the native inhabitants' resistance resulted in little attempt by Spain to establish settlements on these islands. Primarily the islands of the Lesser Antilles were used as waystations to replenish food, water, and wood supplies for Dutch, English, French, and Spanish sailors. French pirate François le Clerc may have established a raiding base at Pigeon Island in 1553. The Dutch established a settlement at Vieux Fort around 1600, which failed and then in 1605 British colonists headed for The Guianas were blown of course and attempted to settle. Within a month, their numbers had dwindled from sixty-seven to nineteen and they fled the island heading to Venezuela. In 1626, the Compagnie de Saint-Christophe was chartered by Louis XIII of France's chief minister, Cardinal Richelieu to colonise the Lesser Antilles, between the eleventh and eighteenth parallels. In 1627 a royal patent was issued by Charles I of England to James Hay, 1st Earl of Carlisle granting rights over the Caribbean islands situated between 10° and 20° north latitude, creating a competing claim.

In 1635, the Compagnie de Saint-Christophe was reorganised under a new patent for the Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique with the authority to take over all the properties and administration of the former company and continue colonising neighbouring vacant islands. Another failed British colonisation attempt was made in 1639; this time by Thomas Warner who had settled Saint Kitts. In 1642, Richelieu recommended that the king extend the charter for twenty years, which was agreed with the proviso that the crown retained title to any island not settled at the end of that period. In 1643, Jacques Dyel du Parquet, Governor of Martinique, discovered that Sainte-Lucie, also shown as Sainte-Alouzie, was abandoned by the English and proposed that Louis de Kerengoan, Sieur de Rousselan, lead an expedition to colonise there. De Rousselan was married to a Kalinago woman and it was hoped that might prove advantageous for establishing a settlement. He arrived in June 1650, with around 40 colonists and established a fort at the mouth of the Rivière du Carenage, near present-day Castries. The colonisation company was facing bankruptcy and in September 1650, du Parquet purchased the proprietorship for Grenada, the Grenadines, Martinique and Sanite-Lucie for 41,500 Francs. In granting him the proprietorship, the king appointed him the Governor-General of the islands, making him the crown's representative of the government. By the time of de Rousselan's death, four years later, the colony on Sainte-Lucie was thriving.

From the establishment of a successful colony, over the next century and a half, Sainte-Lucie remained almost exclusively under French administration, though it was captured by the British and returned to the French over a dozen times. In 1667, after signing the Treaty of Breda, which ended the Second Anglo-Dutch War, the colony was transferred to the administration of the French West India Company. When that company was dissolved in 1674, Louis XIV made it a crown colony, as a dependency of Martinique. As colonisation spread throughout the island, settlers brought in slaves to work the coffee and cocoa farms they had established. In France, the precursor to nationality, which evolved during the Ancien Régime, was a system of feudal allegiance in which subjects were bound together by a scheme of protection and service tied to land ownership. Possession of land was typically tied to military and court service and omitted women because they could not perform those obligations. Thus, French nationality also derived from place of birth in French territory, until the nineteenth century, but under feudal law married women were subjugated to the authority of their husbands under coverture. The French Empire created separate codes for the colonies and the motherland, resulting in little global standardisation of French law.

Numerous colonial laws issued from 1550 governed the French Antilles until the Code Noir was decreed by Louis XIV in 1685. The Code was designed to control the social relations between black and white people in the Caribbean and contained provisions for naturalisation of freed persons. Producing illegitimate children with slaves carried heavy penalties; however, marrying a slave woman in a church automatically manumitted her and any offspring the marriage. Children followed the status of the mother, regardless of the father's status, thus if she was a slave her children were slaves and if she was free her children were free. The abolition of slavery in 1794 granted French nationality to all men in the French colonies, but the reestablishment of slavery in 1802, made the status of colonial subjects confusing. In 1805, the Napoleonic Civil Code was extended to the French Antilles, but the capture of Sainte-Lucie in 1803, during the Napoleonic Wars, meant that the law in force in the colony at the time of its capitulation was the Coutume de Paris. Under the terms of the 1814 Treaty of Paris the territory was granted to Britain.

### British colony (1814–1979)

In Britain, allegiance, in which subjects pledged to support a monarch, was the precursor to the modern concept of nationality. The crown recognised from 1350 that all persons born within the territories of the British Empire were subjects. Those born outside the realm — except children of those serving in an official post abroad, children of the monarch, and children born on a British sailing vessel — were considered by common law to be foreigners. Marriage did not affect the status of a subject of the realm. Other than common law, there was no standard statutory law which applied for subjects throughout the realm, meaning different jurisdictions created their own legislation for local conditions, which often conflicted with the laws in other jurisdictions in the empire. For example, British laws of conquest held that when a territory was acquired by being conquered or ceded, the existing laws remained in place. An ordinance issued in 1817, by the Governor of Saint Lucia, Richard Augustus Seymour, confirmed that the customs, laws, and regulations of France remained in place. This created confusion for British administrators who had to interpret the unfamiliar language and laws, as well as conflict with the French judiciary and British governors.

In 1819, the Governor, John Keane, 1st Baron Keane, approached legal advisors and requested that they examine whether the *Code de la Martinique* could be adopted for Saint Lucia. The legal advisors refused to cooperate or even make the laws that were in force in Saint Lucia available, claiming they had been lost in a fire. By 1830, the only British laws which had been extended to the territory were the Slave Trade Act 1807, barring the Atlantic slave trade in the empire; the West Indian and American Trade Act 1822, which controlled trade between the Caribbean and the United States; the Factors Act 1823, as amended in 1825, which regulated the exchange of goods and the security liens which capitalised those transactions; and the Customs Act of 1823, amended in 1824 and 1826, which regulated the tariffs and duties of various commodities. In 1831, through an Order in Council the Colonial Office changed the court system and brought under consideration the use of English in oral pleadings. These changes were strongly objected to by the planters, who submitted a petition to the governor complaining about the changes. By 1833 only judges trained in English law were appointed to the bench, but pleadings were still conducted in French and per a compromise reached French would be allowed until 1840, when English would become mandatory.

The Slave Trade Act had not abolished slavery, which did not end until the 1833 Emancipation Act went into effect in 1834. Under its terms, slaves were converted into apprentices and remained bound to their former owners for four years if they had worked in the home and for six years if they had been field labourers. To further delay the change to English in Saint Lucia, the argument was used by jurists that the language shift should not occur until after the apprenticeship period ended to give former slaves adequate time to learn the new official tongue, thus laws continued to be made in both languages for many years. In 1838, the apprenticeship system ended, as British officials felt difficulties would arise from the differing schedules for freedom. Though free, there was never a British plan to give former slaves a voice in Parliament, leaving them as British subjects in a highly stratified system of rights. Denied political and economic rights, former slaves were not entitled to formal recognition as nationals by other nations. In 1838, Saint Lucia was incorporated into the British Windward Islands colony, which was administered by the Governor of Barbados. In 1845, Arthur Wellesley Torrens, Lieutenant-Governor of Saint Lucia proposed that the laws for the territory be compiled. He stressed that English copies of the Coutume de Paris, Code de la Martinique, and British laws should each form part of the compilation. The compilation had not been completed in 1848, when Charles Henry Darling replaced Torrens as Lieutenant-Governor and he personally took on the task of completing it. In 1851, Darling sent his compilation to William Colebrooke, Governor-General of the Windward Colony, which was approved by the Legislative Council, and in 1853 the collected laws of Saint Lucia were first published.

In 1869, William Des Vœux, colonial administrator, and James Sherrard Armstrong, who would become the Chief Justice of Saint Lucia in 1871, launched a project to provide a Civil Code and a Code of Civil Procedure for the territory. They used as a model the codes of Quebec, but rather than translations, they created an English version which eliminated some of the influences of the Roman Catholic Church, found in the original French. They completed their work in 1875, and over objections from the clergy, the Ordinance approving it passed the following year and subsequently went in to force on 20 October 1879. The Code legally incapacitated married women and rendered marriages indissoluble prior to the death of one of the spouses, except in a limited scope available for annulment if the marriage had been falsely contracted, entered into without consent, or was within prohibited degrees of consanguinity. It stipulated that foreign women acquired the nationality of their spouse upon marriage. The Code also required that married women have the same domicile as their spouse, which unlike English law equated establishing a domicile with establishing a permanent jurisdiction of rights.

In 1911, at the Imperial Conference a decision was made to draft a common nationality code for use across the empire. The British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914 allowed local jurisdictions in the self-governing Dominions to continue regulating nationality in their territories, but also established an imperial nationality scheme throughout the realm. The uniform law, which went into effect on 1 January 1915, required a married woman to derive her nationality from her spouse, meaning if he was British, she was also, and if he was foreign, so was she. It stipulated that upon loss of nationality of a husband, a wife could declare that she wished to remain British and provided that if a marriage had terminated, through death or divorce, a British-born national who had lost her status through marriage could reacquire British nationality through naturalisation without meeting a residency requirement. The statute reiterated common law provisions for natural-born persons born within the realm on or after the effective date. By using the word *person*, the statute nullified legitimacy requirements for *jus soli* nationals. For those born abroad on or after the effective date, legitimacy was still required, and could only be derived by a child from a British father (one generation), who was natural-born or naturalised. Naturalisations required five years residence or service to the crown.

Amendments to the British Nationality Act were enacted in 1918, 1922, 1933 and 1943 changing derivative nationality by descent and modifying slightly provisions for women to lose their nationality upon marriage. Because of a rise in statelessness, a woman who did not automatically acquire her husband's nationality upon marriage or upon his naturalisation in another country, did not lose their British status after 1933. The 1943 revision allowed a child born abroad at any time to be a British national by descent if the Secretary of State agreed to register the birth. Under the terms of the British Nationality Act 1948 British nationals in Saint Lucia were reclassified at that time as "Citizens of the UK and Colonies" (CUKC). The basic British nationality scheme did not change overmuch, and typically those who were previously defined as British remained the same. Changes included that wives and children no longer automatically acquired the status of the husband or father, children who acquired nationality by descent no longer were required to make a retention declaration, and registrations for children born abroad were extended. In 1957, Saint Lucia revised its Civil Code to incorporate aspects of British common law which were deemed necessary for the territory to join in a federal structure with other colonies. Specifically they repealed, among other items, Chapter 1, Section 17, which required wives to have the same nationality as a spouse.

In 1958, Saint Lucia joined the West Indies Federation. The federation, which included Barbados, the British Leeward Islands, the British Windward Islands, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago, was typically seen by its supporters as a means to use a federal structure to gain national independence and eventual recognition as a Dominion. The federation was unable to develop a unified nationality scheme, as member states tended to identify with their specific island, rather than by region. The federation collapsed in 1962, but in 1967, Saint Lucia became an Associated State, under the West Indies Act of that year. The terms of the Act provided that Associated States – Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla, Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent – were on a trajectory to become fully independent and could terminate their association upon becoming an independent Commonwealth country. Saint Lucia terminated Associated State status and became fully independent in 1979.

### Post-independence (1979–present)

Saint Lucia became independent on 22 February 1979. Generally, persons who had previously been nationals as defined under the classification of "Citizens of the UK and Colonies", would become nationals of Saint Lucia on Independence Day and cease to be British nationals. Exceptions were made for persons to retain their British nationality and status if they (or their father or grandfather) were born, naturalised, or registered in a part of the realm which remained on 22 February part of the United Kingdom or colonies, or had been annexed by such a place. Other exceptions included that married women who had been registered as CUKCs would not lose their British status, unless their husbands did. Rather than granting married women the right to register, or widows who but for the death of the husband would have been eligible to register, Saint Lucia granted them nationality in their own right at independence and allowed CUKCs with a maternal connection to derive nationality from their mothers. The country also granted nationality on independence day to persons who were Commonwealth citizens, who had ordinarily lived in the territory for a minimum of seven years before independence and who held Saint Lucian British Passport and allowed husbands to register as citizens based on their wife's nationality. Subsequently, to the Independence Order, Saint Lucia enacted the Citizenship of Saint Lucia Act in 1979 to supplement provisions of the constitution.

### Citations

1. Fransman 2011, p. 1201.
2. Belton 2020, p. 1.
3. Belton 2020, pp. 2–3, 5.
4. Belton 2020, pp. 20–21.
5. Fransman 2011, p. 3.
6. Fransman 2011, p. 4.
7. Fransman 2011, p. 1200.
8. Fransman 2011, p. 1203.
9. Belton 2020, p. 4.
10. Fransman 2011, p. 1205.
11. Belton 2020, p. 8.
12. Belton 2020, p. 9.
13. Constitution 2006, pp. 106–107.
14. Belton 2020, p. 17.
15. Constitution 2006, p. 106.
16. Belton 2020, pp. 11–12.
17. Belton 2020, p. 13.
18. Belton 2020, p. 20.
19. *Citizenship By Investment Regulations* 2015, p. 316.
20. Statutory Instrument #73 2020, p. 998.
21. *Citizenship By Investment Act* 2015, p. 277.
22. Belton 2020, pp. 6–7.
23. Belton 2020, p. 7.
24. Belton 2020, pp. 22–23.
25. Belton 2020, p. 22.
26. Belton 2020, pp. 24–26.
27. "Detail".
28. Law 1988, p. 41.
29. Voice Press 1979, p. 10.
30. Dvořák 1982, p. 586.
31. Orr 2008, p. 28.
32. Liverpool 1983, p. 375.
33. Honychurch 1995, pp. 33–34.
34. Dyde 2005, p. 17.
35. Orr 2008, p. 29.
36. Law 1988, p. 42.
37. Servant 1914, pp. 8–11.
38. Roulet 2014, p. 201.
39. Crouse 1940, p. 18.
40. Honychurch 1995, pp. 38–39.
41. Crouse 1940, p. 38.
42. Crouse 1940, pp. 202–203.
43. Crouse 1940, p. 117.
44. Peytraud 1897, p. 10.
45. Crouse 1940, p. 204.
46. Vérin 1959.
47. Crouse 1940, pp. 205, 209.
48. Law 1988, p. 43.
49. Law 1988, p. 44.
50. Lobingier 1932, p. 192.
51. Lobingier 1932, p. 219.
52. Bertossi 2010, p. 3.
53. Basch 1979, p. 347.
54. Ghachem 1999, pp. 189–190.
55. Roberts 1971, pp. 152–153.
56. Ghachem 1999, pp. 202, 206.
57. Roberts 1971, p. 153.
58. Ghachem 2012, p. 85.
59. Heuer 2009, p. 532.
60. Heuer 2009, pp. 521, 533.
61. Heuer 2009, p. 537.
62. Glenn 2008, p. 15.
63. Liverpool 1983, pp. 384–385.
64. Law 1988, p. 48.
65. Fransman 2011, p. 129.
66. Fransman 2011, p. 130.
67. Fransman 2011, p. 131.
68. Baldwin 2001, p. 525.
69. Baldwin 2001, p. 526.
70. Liverpool 1983, p. 379.
71. Liverpool 1983, p. 378.
72. Liverpool 1983, p. 384.
73. Liverpool 1983, pp. 385–386.
74. Liverpool 1983, p. 388.
75. Kelley 2020, p. 29.
76. Easterbrook & Aitken 1975, p. 233.
77. Thomas 2011, p. 159.
78. Wallace 1922, pp. 631–632.
79. Liverpool 1983, p. 389.
80. Liverpool 1983, pp. 393–394.
81. May 1845, p. 7.
82. Morgan 1999, p. 1.
83. Latimer 1964, p. 52.
84. Liverpool 1983, p. 396.
85. Honychurch 1995, p. 124.
86. Cooper 2018, pp. 58–60.
87. Cooper 2018, p. 61.
88. Liverpool 1983, p. 398.
89. Liverpool 1983, p. 399.
90. Liverpool 1983, pp. 400–401.
91. Liverpool 1983, pp. 401–402.
92. Liverpool 1983, pp. 402, 406–407.
93. Patchett 1959, p. 647.
94. Legislative Council of Saint Lucia 1879, p. 12.
95. Patchett 1959, p. 653.
96. Butruille-Cardew 2020.
97. Collier 2001, p. 37.
98. Fransman 2011, p. 145.
99. Baldwin 2001, p. 527.
100. Llewellyn-Jones 1929, p. 123.
101. Fransman 2011, p. 151.
102. Baldwin 2001, p. 528.
103. Fransman 2011, p. 148.
104. Fransman 2011, pp. 150–151.
105. Fransman 2011, p. 155.
106. Fransman 2011, p. 149.
107. Fransman 2011, p. 163.
108. Fransman 2011, pp. 175–176.
109. Lewis 1959, p. 226.
110. Vasciannie 2016.
111. Fransman 2011, pp. 1201, 1204.

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Saint Lucia Citizenship Act | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Parliament of Saint Lucia | |
| **Long title** * An Act relating to Saint Lucian citizenship | |
| Enacted by | Government of Saint Lucia |
| **Status:** Current legislation | |


title: Brian Littrell discography

text:
# Brian Littrell discography

This is the chronological discography of Brian Littrell.

## Albums

| Year | Album details | | Peak positions | Certifications
(sales threshold) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | US | US
Christian | | |
| 2006 | *Welcome Home** Released: May 2, 2006 * Label: Reunion | 74 | 3 | US sales: 100,000 |
| 2010 | *Brian Littrell’s Family Christmas** Released: December 6, 2010 * Label: Reunion |  |  |  |
| 2011 | *Christmas with the Littrells** Released: December 6, 2011 * Label: Reunion |  |  |  |

## Singles

| Year | Single | Chart positions | | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US
Christ
 | US
Christ AC
 | |
| 2005 | In Christ Alone | 23 | 21 | *Welcome Home* |
| 2006 | Welcome Home (You) | 4 | 2 | |
| | Wish |  |  | |
| 2007 | Over My Head | 20 | 16 | |
| | By His Wounds
with Mac Powell, Mark Hall and Steven Curtis Chapman | 8 | 6 | *Glory Revealed* |

## Other songs

| Song | Date of Album Release | Album |
| --- | --- | --- |
| I Surrender All | March 6, 2007 | *WOW Hymns* |
| By His Wounds - Featuring Steven Curtis Chapman, Mac Powell and Mark Hall | March 6, 2007 | *Glory Revealed* |
| You Alone | March 6, 2007 | *Glory Revealed* |
| I'll Fly Away Medley - Featuring Candi Pearson-Shelton, Mac Powell, Shane Everett, Shane Barnard, Shawn Lewis and Trevor Morgan | January 8, 2008 | *Glory Revealed Live - EP* |
| How Great - Featuring Mac Powell, Jonathan Shelton, Shane Everett | July 14, 2009 | Glory Revealed II |
| Come Kiss Me - Featuring Baylee Littrell | November 15, 2019 | 770 Country |
|


title: Torah Judaism

abstract: Torah Judaism refers to schools of thought in Judaism perceived to be most adherent to the Torah and mitzvot. The term is often used by Orthodox Jewish groups to refer to their own system of beliefs. These mitzvot include both the biblical and rabbinic mitzvot. The phrase Torah Judaism implies a belief and practice of Judaism that is based on the inclusion of the entire Tanakh and Talmud, as well as later rabbinic authorities, as sources of conducting oneself in life, and on the premise that the Torah emanates directly from God, as revealed at biblical Mount Sinai. The term "Torah Judaism" is consciously intended to label non-Orthodox Jewish religious movements as being divorced from the Torah. Torah Judaism is also an ideological concept used by many Orthodox thinkers to describe their movement as the sole Jewish denomination faithful to traditional Jewish values. Followers of Torah Judaism may also follow the Da'as Torah, i.e., the guidelines of rabbis or hakhamim based on the Talmud. In recent time, these hakhamim may include the followers' rebbes, rosh yeshivas, or a posek, often identified as an expert in the Shulkhan Arukh.

text:
# Torah Judaism

**Torah Judaism** refers to schools of thought in Judaism perceived to be most adherent to the Torah and *mitzvot.* The term is often used by Orthodox Jewish groups to refer to their own system of beliefs.

These *mitzvot* include both the biblical and rabbinic *mitzvot*. The phrase *Torah Judaism* implies a belief and practice of Judaism that is based on the inclusion of the entire Tanakh and Talmud, as well as later rabbinic authorities, as sources of conducting oneself in life, and on the premise that the Torah emanates directly from God, as revealed at biblical Mount Sinai. The term "Torah Judaism" is consciously intended to label non-Orthodox Jewish religious movements as being divorced from the Torah.

Torah Judaism is also an ideological concept used by many Orthodox thinkers to describe their movement as the sole Jewish denomination faithful to traditional Jewish values.

Followers of Torah Judaism may also follow the *Da'as Torah*, i.e., the guidelines of rabbis or *hakhamim* based on the Talmud. In recent time, these hakhamim may include the followers' rebbes (Hasidic rabbis), rosh yeshivas (deans of yeshivas), or a posek, often identified as an expert in the Shulkhan Arukh. (This recognition of a posek is often limited to Haredi communities, as opposed to Modern Orthodox Jews, although the latter are also Torah-observant.)


title: Brandon Firla

abstract:
Brandon Firla is a Canadian actor and comedian best known for his role as Jonathan Sidwell, an investment banker, in Suits.
Previously in Canada, he played Clark Claxton on the television sitcom Billable Hours. In season four of Little Mosque on the Prairie in late-September 2009, he began a role as the new Anglican priest in town, Reverend Thorne.

text:
# Brandon Firla

**Brandon Firla** is a Canadian actor and comedian best known for his role as Jonathan Sidwell, an investment banker, in *Suits*. Previously in Canada, he played Clark Claxton on the television sitcom *Billable Hours*. In season four of *Little Mosque on the Prairie* in late-September 2009, he began a role as the new Anglican priest in town, Reverend Thorne.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 | *Chicks with Sticks* | Alex Perkins |  |
| 2005 | *Santa's Slay* | Officer #1 |  |
| 2006 | *Plan Live from Outer Space* | Jeff Trent |  |
| 2006 | *Man of the Year* | Grimaldi |  |
| 2008 | *Finn on the Fly* | Bob |  |
| 2009 | *At Home by Myself...With You* | Dentist |  |
| 2010 | *Score: A Hockey Musical* | Don Mohan |  |
| 2013 | *I'll Follow You Down* | Jimmy / Johnny |  |
| 2013 | *Bank$tas* | Pistol Pete |  |
| 2018 | *Vice* | Jay Bybee |  |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2001 | *Band of Brothers* | Lt. Brewer | Episode: "Replacements" |
| 2002 | *The 5th Quadrant* | Marcus Reynolds | Episode: "I'm Gonna Git You Goatsucka" |
| 2002 | *Trackers* | Alien #2 | Episode: "What Lies Beneath" |
| 2003 | *Good Fences* | Princeton Man | Television film |
| 2004 | *Call Me: The Rise and Fall of Heidi Fleiss* | Comic Book Actor | |
| 2005 | *Dawn Anna* | Interviewer | |
| 2006 | *Angela's Eyes* | Charles Amster | Episode: "Eyes for Windows" |
| 2006–2008 | *Billable Hours* | Clark Claxton III | 26 episodes |
| 2007 | *The Robber Bride* | West | Television film |
| 2008 | *Daniel's Daughter* | Jeffrey Lerner | |
| 2008 | *Bridal Fever* | Paul | |
| 2009 | *Before You Say I Do* | Jack Harrington | |
| 2009 | *The Jon Dore Television Show* | Fake Writer #1 | Episode: "Jon Wants Justice" |
| 2009–2011 | *Little Mosque on the Prairie* | Rev. William Thorne | 43 episodes |
| 2010 | *Fairfield Road* | Randall Henderson | Television film |
| 2011 | *Dan for Mayor* | Nigel Ellen | Episode: "Political Liability" |
| 2013 | *But I'm Chris Jericho!* | Clark Cooper | Episode: "Actor Off" |
| 2013–2014 | *Suits* | Jonathan Sidwell | 12 episodes |
| 2014 | *Lost Girl* | Darren Clare | Episode: "Waves" |
| 2016 | *Pretty Little Liars* | Gil | 2 episodes |
| 2017 | *Modern Family* | Scott Hunter | Episode: "Brushes with Celebrity" |
| 2019 | *Carter* | Duff Stubbins | Episode: "Harley Gets A Hole in One" |
| 2022 | *Never Have I Ever* | Mr Brighton | Episode: "...Had a breakdown" |


title: Rohit Raut

abstract: Rohit Shyam Raut is an Indian singer and music director, who primarily works in the Marathi film industry. He appeared in the Indian singing reality show Indian Idol and was the runner-up of its eleventh season.

text:
# Rohit Raut

**Rohit Shyam Raut** (born 18 November 1995) is an Indian singer and music director, who primarily works in the Marathi film industry. He appeared in the Indian singing reality show *Indian Idol* and was the runner-up of its eleventh season.

## Personal life

Rohit Shyam Raut was born on 18 November 1995 in Latur. He completed his secondary education at Shri Deshikendra School. Raut lives with his father Shyam Raut, who works as the cultural head of the Nationalist Congress Party, Latur District, and younger brother Yugal Raut, who owns a sales business. In 2022, Raut married his longtime girlfriend Juilee Joglekar, who is also a singer.

## Career

Earlier in his life, Raut started participating in district, state, and national level music competitions. He was selected at *Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs Marathi* on Zee Marathi and started to gain popularity from the show. He was one of the finalists of the show and was known as "Future Music Director". He made his debut from the song *Yaara Yaara* in *Duniyadari*. After that, he appeared in many Marathi films including *Triple Seat*, *Muramba*, and *Ti Saddhya Kay Karte*.

The 2019 film Mogra Phulaalaa, marked Raut's debut as a music director. He has won couple of awards at the Mirchi Music Awards Marathi and was nominated for the best playback singer at the Filmfare Marathi Awards 2020 for the song Manmohini.

He sang most of the title tracks and songs of TV shows like *Ka Re Durava*, *Sang Tu Aahes Ka*, *Majha Hoshil Na,* Yeu Kashi Tashi Mi Nandayla, *Pasant Aahe Mulgi*, *Dil Dosti Duniyadari*, etc. Raut participated and became popular from his appearance on the eleventh season of *Indian Idol*, where he was the runner-up of the show.

## Discography

| Year | Film | Song |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2013 | *Duniyadari* | Yaara Yaara |
| 2014 | *Candle March* | Sehar |
| | *Rakhandaar* | Angai |
| | *Surajya* | Ha Nava Bahana |
| | *Pyaar Vaali Love Story* | Shutter Ka Tala |
| 2015 | *Prime Time* | Reshmi |
| | *Coffee Ani Barach Kahi* | Coffee Ani Barach Kahi |
| | *Kay Rao Tumhi* | Sod Na Ga Rag Ha |
| | *Shutter* | Jantar Mantar |
| | *Shinma* | Asa Kasa |
| | *Dabba Ais Paise* | Kaawlaancha Shalet Adda |
| | *Vajlach Pahije* | Tuch Tu |
| 2016 | *Phuntroo* | Ka Watate |
| | *One Way Ticket* | Befikar |
| | *Burnie* | Burnie |
| | *Mr. & Mrs. Sadachari* | Mr. & Mrs. Sadachari |
| | *Vajandar* | Golu Polu |
| | *Kanha* | Chadh Mitra |
| 2017 | *Happy Birthday* | Tu Yetana Samori |
| | *Undga* | Mann Zimmad Zhala Ji |
| | *Bus Stop* | Move On |
| | *Conditions Apply- Ati Lagu* | Kahi Kalena |
| | *TTMM-Tujha Tu Majha Me* | Kshan Mohare |
| | *Muramba* | Aga Aik Na |
| | *Gaon Thor Pudhari Chor* | Name Dharun Mara Shikka |
| | *Hrudayantar* | Datlele Dhuke |
| | *Ti Saddhya Kay Karte* | Hrudayat Vaje Something Tipur Tipur |
| 2018 | *Gat-Mat* | Bindasss Tu |
| | *Boyz 2* | Goti Soda Batli Foda |
| | *Unch Bharari* | Sona Samjun Ghe Roop |
| | *Vantas* | Tipur Tipur |
| | *Raja* | Raja |
| | *Mantr* | Zhing Thing |
| | *Ashi Hi Amchi College Journey* | College Journey- Title Track |
| | *Barayan* | Charger |
| | *Looose Control* | Bharaari |
| | *Kay Zala Kalana* | Kay Zala Kalana - Title Track |
| | *Odh* | Na Jane Kya Hua Hai |
| 2019 | *Triple Seat* | Naate He Konte |
| | *Baala* | Duniyadaari |
| | *H2O* | Dil Dosticha Vaada |
| | *Mogra Phulaalaa* | Manmohini |
| | *Amhi Befikar* | Haravale |
| | *Ek Hota Pani* | Bhan Rahil |
| | *Ti And Ti* | Silly Silly |
| | *Anandi Gopal* | Tu Ahes Na |
| | *Rampaat* | Rampaat- title song |
| 2021 | *OMG - Oh My Ghost* | Nave Nave Ishare |
| | *Befaam* | Porga Vaya Gelay |
| | *Hashtag Prem* | Thoda Thoda Kahi Tari |
| 2022 | Coffee (2022 film) | Coffee Title Track |
| | *Tamasha Live* | Gammat Gadya |
| 2023 | *Himesh Ke Dil Se* | Tu Mera Aitbaarr |
| | Bamboo (2023 film) | *Mi tula tya najrene* |
| | Gadad Andhar | *Dariya* |
| | Dhishkyaoon | *Dhishkyaoon* |
| | Aalay Mazya Rashila | I Love You Baby |
| | Tarri | Kshan Halwa, Ye na Tu Aata |
| | School College Ani Life | *Sugandhi Hawa Rock version* , *chandanzula* |
| | Aathvani | *Tu jara thamb na* |
| | London Misal | Bhanda fod |
| | Pillu Bachelor | *Phulawani phulawani* |
| 2024 | *Ole Aale* | Phulpakharu |

## InfoBox

| Rohit Shyam Raut | |
| --- | --- |
| Raut at live concert | |
| Born | (1995-11-18) 18 November 1995
Latur, Maharashtra, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Occupations | * Singer * composer |
| Years active | 2013–present |
| Known for |  |
| Spouse | Juilee Jogalekar (m. 2022) |
| **Musical career** | |
| Genres | Indian pop
playback singing |
| Instrument | Vocals |
|  | |


title: Rohit Sagar v. State of Uttarakhand

abstract: Rohit Sagar & Anr. versus State of Uttarakhand & Ors. (2021), a decision of the Uttarakhand High Court, established the right of legal adults to select their own partners and instructed the police to ensure the couple's safety and safeguard their property.

text:
# Rohit Sagar v. State of Uttarakhand

**Rohit Sagar & Anr. versus State of Uttarakhand & Ors.** **(2021),** a decision of the Uttarakhand High Court, established the right of legal adults to select their own partners and instructed the police to ensure the couple's safety and safeguard their property.

## Background

Rohit Sagar and his partner Mohit Goyal, who are in a same-sex relationship, reside together in Rudrapur, Uttarakhand. However, they have faced resistance to their relationship from their respective families. Due to ongoing threats of serious repercussions from their family members, the couple lodged a formal complaint with both the Senior Superintendent of Police of Udham Singh Nagar district and the Station House Officer of Police Station No. 2, Rudrapur. However, as there has been no proactive action taken by the police authorities to safeguard the couple's lives and property, they have initiated a writ petition in the Uttarakhand High Court to seek a protective order.

## Opinion of the Court

The Bench upheld that adults who have attained the age of majority hold an inherent right to choose their life partners, even when confronted with objections from their families, and thus, the families of the couple should not be allowed to intimidate or harm the petitioners. Consequently, the Bench instructed the Senior Superintendent of Police for District Udham Singh Nagar to promptly ensure police protection for both the petitioners, encompassing not only their lives but also the safeguarding of their property.

The verdict of the Bench noticeably lacks legal precedents, thorough analysis, and comprehensive reasoning to substantiate its conclusions.

### High Court Cases

#### Sultana Mirza v. State of Uttar Pradesh

In the related case of *Sultana Mirza v. State of Uttar Pradesh (2020)*, a same-sex couple residing together, approached the Allahabad High Court seeking protection against threat to their life and liberty by family members and the immediate society. A two-judge Bench of the Allahabad High Court, guided by the Supreme Court's precedent in *Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018)*, noted that sexual orientation constitutes an inherent aspect of the constitutional rights to liberty, dignity, privacy, personal autonomy, and equality. In contrast to the case of *Rohit Sagar v. State of Uttarakhand*, the judgment in *Sultana Mirza v. State of Uttar Pradesh* explicitly references the constitutional right to privacy, providing added support for safeguarding against unwarranted intrusions, in addition to offering protection against physical threats and violations.

While ordering police protection for the couple, in contrast to the *Rohit Sagar v. State of Uttarakhand* case, the Bench in the *Sultana Mirza v. State of Uttar Pradesh* case drew upon the Supreme Court's precedent in *Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India*, acknowledging the tate's dual obligation pertaining to sexual orientation—preventing discrimination and actively safeguarding the rights of same-sex couples, thereby contributing to the formation of a consistent legal precedent concerning sexual orientation and rights.

## InfoBox

| Rohit Sagar v. State of Uttarakhand | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Court | Uttarakhand High Court |
| Full case name | *Rohit Sagar & Anr. versus State of Uttarakhand & Ors.* |
| Decided | 16 December 2021 |
| Citation | W. P. (CRL) No. 2254 of 2021 |
| Court membership | |
| Judges sitting | R. S. Chauhan CJ and N. S. Dhanik J |
| Case opinions | |
| The adults have a fundamental right to choose their own life-partners, despite the opposition voiced by the family members. | |
| Decision by | R. S. Chauhan CJ and N. S. Dhanik J |
| Keywords | |
| Cohabitation Rights, Same-sex Relationship | |


title: Blake F. Donaldson

abstract: Blake Ferguson Donaldson was an American physician, hunter and early advocate of a meat-only diet, which later became known as the carnivore diet.

text:
# Blake F. Donaldson

**Blake Ferguson Donaldson** (6 May 1892 – 19 February 1966) was an American physician, hunter and early advocate of a meat-only diet, which later became known as the carnivore diet.

## Career

Donaldson was a physician at Long Island College Hospital in Brooklyn in 1913. Donaldson was a First Lieutenant in the medical Northeastern Department of the Red Cross Hospital sent to France during World War I. In May 1917, he was assigned to duty at Governors Island.

Donaldson was resident physician at New York Post-Graduate Medical School. In 1921, Donaldson examined a large number of children from the East Side of New York and found that syphilis is not a great factor in the causation of heart disease. In 1925, Donaldson was Clinical Instructor in Medicine at the New York Post-Graduate Medical School. He was former chief medical officer at the City Hospital of New York. Donaldson was a specialist in internal medicine and his office was located at 121 East 60th Street, New York.

## *Strong Medicine*

Donaldson authored *Strong Medicine* which was published by Doubleday in 1962. The book advocated fresh fat meat, water and exercise to treat allergies, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, gallstones and obesity. The book described "the big bad seven" foods: milk, cream, ice cream, eggs, cheese, chocolate and flour which should be eliminated from the diet. Surgeon Charles G. Heyd wrote a supportive preface for the book.

The diet that Donaldson put his patients on consisted of three fatty steaks a day, three cups of coffee and six glasses of water.

Donaldson's *Strong Medicine* was criticized by physician Morris Fishbein who commented that the "book is hardly scientific, so presumably what the physician was taught in his youth he has forgotten in his later years." Donaldson's extreme dietary views were classified by Fredrick J. Stare as "food faddism". Stare cited Donaldson as an example of a physician with no training or real understanding of modern nutrition. Stare included Donaldson's *Strong Medicine* in a list of books on nutritional quackery, which "ought not to be on anyone's shelves".

## Personal life

Donaldson was the son of postmaster William W. Donaldson and Helen Scott Donaldson. He married Harriott Cate. They had a son Blake Donaldson, he died age 55 in 1977.

Donaldson died from a heart attack at his home in Hauppauge, New York. He was 73.

## Selected publications

## Quotes

> During the millions of years that our ancestors lived by hunting, every weakling who could not maintain perfect health on fresh fat meat and water was bred out. There are probably only two perfect foods – fresh fat meat and clean water. Whenever you are in a jam with the human body, it is well to go back to the common inheritance of mankind. People have only been eating junk for eight thousand years, and that is a fleabite in evolution. An evolutionary process takes a million years.
>
> Blake F. Donaldson, in 1962

## InfoBox

| Blake F. Donaldson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 6 May 1892
Islip, New York |
| Died | 19 February 1966
Hauppauge, New York |
| Occupation(s) | Physician, writer |


title: Blaisdon

abstract: Blaisdon is a village and civil parish in the Forest of Dean of Gloucestershire, England, about ten miles west of Gloucester. Its population in 2005 was estimated by Gloucestershire County Council to be 249. An estimate in 2012 placed the population at 420. The local church is dedicated to St Michael. John Dowding of Tanhouse Farm, Blaisdon developed the popular jam-making plum "Blaisdon Red" in the late 19th century. The Blaisdon Stud Farm was the home of the world's largest shire horse, "Blaisdon Conqueror". His bones are in the British Museum. Blaisdon Hall sits on a hill overlooking the village. It was built in 1874. It was used as a seminary and school by the Salesians of Don Bosco from 1935 to 1995. It was an agricultural college (Hartpury) from 1995 to 1999. It has since become a private residence.

text:
# Blaisdon

**Blaisdon** is a village and civil parish in the Forest of Dean of Gloucestershire, England, about ten miles west of Gloucester. Its population in 2005 was estimated by Gloucestershire County Council to be 249. An estimate in 2012 placed the population at 420. The local church is dedicated to St Michael.

John Dowding of Tanhouse Farm, Blaisdon developed the popular jam-making plum "Blaisdon Red" in the late 19th century.

The Blaisdon Stud Farm was the home of the world's largest shire horse, "Blaisdon Conqueror". His bones are in the British Museum.

Blaisdon Hall sits on a hill overlooking the village. It was built in 1874. It was used as a seminary and school by the Salesians of Don Bosco from 1935 to 1995. It was an agricultural college (Hartpury) from 1995 to 1999. It has since become a private residence.

## Railways

Blaisdon Halt was located on the section of line between Ross-on-Wye and Grange Court on the Hereford, Ross and Gloucester Railway.

It was opened on 1 June 1855 as a 7 ft (2,134 mm) broad gauge line, it was amalgamated with the Great Western Railway in 1862. In 1869 the railway was converted to 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge. The railway was closed to passengers on 2 November 1964, freight services between Ross-on-Wye railway station and Grange Court railway station continued on until 1 November 1965.

Media related to Blaisdon at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Blaisdon | |
| --- | --- |
| Looking north along the road through the village | |
| BlaisdonLocation within Gloucestershire | |
| OS grid reference | SO702170 |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | LONGHOPE |
| Postcode district | GL17 |
| Dialling code | 01452 |
|  | |
| Police | Gloucestershire |
| Fire | Gloucestershire |
| Ambulance | South Western |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Blaí Briugu

abstract: Blaí Briugu is an Ulster warrior in the Ulster Cycle of Irish Mythology. He was wealthy and kept a hostel, and had a geis which required him to sleep with any woman who stayed there unaccompanied. When Brig Bretach, wife of Celtchar, stayed there on her own, he slept with her and for that Celtchar killed him.

text:
# Blaí Briugu

**Blaí Briugu** (Blaí the Landholder or Hospitaller) is an Ulster warrior in the Ulster Cycle of Irish Mythology. He was wealthy and kept a hostel, and had a *geis* which required him to sleep with any woman who stayed there unaccompanied. When Brig Bretach, wife of Celtchar, stayed there on her own, he slept with her (as required by his *geis*) and for that Celtchar killed him.