title: Kritonios Crown

abstract: The Kritonios Crown is an ancient ornate golden crown or wreath dating to the 4th century BC. It was discovered in 1814 in the tomb of a man named Kritonios in Armento, Italy. The crown is now in the Staatliche Antikensammlungen, Munich, Germany. A twig of oak forms the base, from which elements with chalices of blue enamel protrude, with intertwined patterns of convolvulus, narcissus, ivy, roses, and myrtle. The top features an image of a winged goddess. The pedestal on which the goddess stands bears the Greek inscription ΚΡΕΙΘΩΝΙΟΣ ΗΘΗΚΗ ΤΟΝ ΕΤΗΦΑΝΟΝ. Four male genii and two draped female figures float over the flowers, pointing towards the goddess. The errors in the inscription on the crown indicate the work of a Lucanian artist who studied at Heraclea or Taranto. The style of the headgear's figures indicates a date around 350 BC.

text:
# Kritonios Crown

The **Kritonios Crown** is an ancient ornate golden crown or wreath dating to the 4th century BC. It was discovered in 1814 in the tomb of a man named Kritonios in Armento, Italy. The crown is now in the Staatliche Antikensammlungen, Munich, Germany.

A twig of oak forms the base, from which elements with chalices of blue enamel protrude, with intertwined patterns of convolvulus, narcissus, ivy, roses, and myrtle. The top features an image of a winged goddess. The pedestal on which the goddess stands bears the Greek inscription ΚΡΕΙΘΩΝΙΟΣ ΗΘΗΚΗ ΤΟΝ ΕΤΗΦΑΝΟΝ (Kritonios dedicated this crown). Four male genii and two draped female figures float over the flowers, pointing towards the goddess. The errors in the inscription on the crown indicate the work of a Lucanian artist who studied at Heraclea or Taranto. The style of the headgear's figures indicates a date around 350 BC.


title: Carposina engalactis

abstract: Carposina engalactis is a moth in the family Carposinidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1932. It is found in Brazil.

text:
# Carposina engalactis

***Carposina engalactis*** is a moth in the family Carposinidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1932. It is found in Brazil.

## Appearance

Described as being uniformly whitish, with antennae the same colour as the head.

## InfoBox

| *Carposina engalactis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Carposinidae |
| Genus: | *Carposina* |
| Species: | ***C. engalactis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Carposina engalactis***<br>Meyrick, 1932 | |
|


title: Universidad Tecnológica de Honduras

abstract: Universidad Tecnológica de Honduras known by its acronym UTH, is a private university located in Honduras. It is known for its careers in Business Management, Law, Marketing and Tourism, and several engineering careers such as Industrial Production engineering, Computer Engineering and Electronics. The university was born in the city of San Pedro Sula, where the main campus was established. This campus is the largest and has the greatest population of students. Additionally, it has seven campuses located in different cities of Honduras including in La Ceiba, El Progreso, Puerto Cortés, Tegucigalpa, Santa Barbara, Siguatepeque and Roatan.

text:
# Universidad Tecnológica de Honduras

**Universidad Tecnológica de Honduras** (Technological University of Honduras) known by its acronym UTH, is a private university located in Honduras. It is known for its careers in Business Management, Law, Marketing and Tourism, and several engineering careers such as Industrial Production engineering, Computer Engineering and Electronics.

The university was born in the city of San Pedro Sula, where the main campus was established. This campus is the largest and has the greatest population of students. Additionally, it has seven campuses located in different cities of Honduras including in La Ceiba, El Progreso, Puerto Cortés, Tegucigalpa, Santa Barbara, Siguatepeque and Roatan.

15°33′05″N 88°00′46″W / 15.5513°N 88.0128°W / 15.5513; -88.0128


title: Ernest Bernea

abstract: Ernest Bernea was a Romanian sociologist, ethnographer, photographer, philosopher, poet, and far-right ideologue.

text:
# Ernest Bernea

**Ernest Bernea** (28 March 1905 – 14 November 1990) was a Romanian sociologist, ethnographer, photographer, philosopher, poet, and far-right ideologue.

## Early life and education

Ernest Bernea was born on 28 March 1905 in Focșani, Vrancea County, Romania. His father, Marcu, was a Moldavian peasant (originally from the Galați area), and his mother was from a Transylvanian family. He had five brothers.

Bernea grew up in Brăila, where he worked from an early age, due to the fact that his father was seriously ill and his older brother had been killed in the First World War. He raised four younger brothers, despite himself being a "copil de trupă" ("child of the troops"), meaning that his upbringing and education was paid for by the military.

Bernea attended school at the "Nicolae Bălcescu" Lyceum, where he became interested in drawing and literature. He enrolled in the University of Bucharest's Faculty of Letters and Philosophy in 1926, where he studied Romanian and French literature. During this time, he made contacts with historian Nicolae Iorga, ethnographer Dimitrie Gusti, and philosopher Nae Ionescu. He graduated in 1929.

From 1930 to 1933, he studied sociology and history of religion in Paris under Marcel Mauss, and thereafter in Freiburg under Martin Heidegger.

## Career and political activity

From 1933 to 1935, Bernea served as Secretary of the Department of Sociological Monographs at Institutul Social Român ("the Romanian Social Institute") and as a member of the Romanian sociological school under the leadership of Dimitrie Gusti.

From 1935 to 1940, he served as *conferențiar* (an intermediary level between a lecturer and full-time professor) of human geography at the University of Bucharest, under the leadership of Simion Mehedinți. In this period, Bernea also published several volumes of essays and poetry.

In 1935, Bernea became a member of the Legionary Movement (or Iron Guard), a nationalist, antisemitic, and far-right group active in interwar Romania. During this period, he also founded the journal *Rânduiala* alongside Dumitru C. Amzar, Ion Ionică, and I. Samarineanu. *Rânduiala* was a quarterly political-cultural journal of nationalist and Legionary leanings, and featured contributions from other far-right and Legionary writers like Radu Gyr, Lucian Blaga, and Haig Acterian. Bernea published several pieces of standalone Legionary propaganda during this period, and helped to promote and increase membership in the movement among sociologists and other academics. He considered leader Corneliu Zelea Codreanu just the newest in a long line of Romanian national leaders, like Horea, Tudor Vladimirescu, or Avram Iancu, and that the Legion was the natural outcome of Romania's history and culture and an effective vehicle for social change.

Under King Carol II, the Legionary Movement was suppressed, and Zelea Codreanu was arrested and tried in 1938, for which Bernea served as a witness. Bernea himself was arrested that year, and was imprisoned in Vaslui until the autumn of 1939. In September 1940, the Legionary Movement came to power, forming the National Legionary State; however, after the dissolution of the government due to the Legionnaire's Rebellion in January 1941, Bernea was again arrested under suspicion of participating in the coup attempt. He was released shortly thereafter.

During the communist era, between 1949 and 1955, Bernea was variously imprisoned in Vaslui, Târgu Jiu, Târgu Ocna, and Brașov, with some short periods spent outside of arrest. He was also held under "compulsory residence" in Bărăgan. In 1955, he was re-tried and sentenced to ten years of hard labour. He was imprisoned variously at Jilava, Văcărești, and Aiud prisons before being released early in 1962.

Under the recommendation of Perpesiccius, Alexandru Philippide, and Miron Nicolescu, Bernea returned to his professional activities in 1965, working for the Institute of Ethnography and Folklore in Bucharest until 1972. He also began publishing ethnographic and sociological texts, albeit in a heavily censored form. Several of his later manuscripts remain unpublished, and in 1984 he was again investigated by the Securitate, with seven of his manuscripts being seized.

According to his daughter, he never renounced his involvement in the Legionary Movement. In the post-war period, his work continued to be published by members of the Legionary Movement living in exile.

## Personal life

In 1932, Bernea met Maria Patrichi, a native of Galați and a fellow graduate of the University of Bucharest. They married in 1937 and had three children: Horia (b. 1938), and twins Ana and Tudora (or Teodora). Maria died of cancer around 1962, at the age of 56.

Horia Bernea became a painter and the director of the National Museum of the Romanian Peasant, whose archives hold Ernest Bernea's collection of photographs and ethnographic work. Ana emigrated to the US, and Tudora became a hydro-technical engineer.

Bernea died in Bucharest on 14 November 1990, and was buried at Cernica Monastery in nearby Pantelimon.

## Selected works

* *Crist și condiția umană* (1932, republished as Bucharest: Cartea Româneasca, 1996)
* *Gând și cântec. Poesii.* (Bucharest: Tip. Bucovina, 1939)
* *Moldovă tristă. Poeme în proză* (Bucharest: Rânduiala, 1939/1940)
* *Preludii* (Bucharest: Rânduiala, 1939)
* *Pași în singurătate. Poeme în proză*. (Bucharest: Rânduiala, 1940)
* *Cartea Căpitanilor* (Bucharest: Serviciul Propaganda Scrise, 1937/1940)
* *Stil legionar* (Bucharest: Serviciul Propaganda Legionare, 1937/1940)
* *Tineretul și politică* (Bucharest, 1940)
* *Timpul la țăranul român: contribuție la problema timpului în religie și magie* (Bucharest: Tip. “Bucovina” I.E. Torouțiu, 1940)
* *Îndemn la simplitate. Mărturisiri pentru un om nou* (Bucharest: Cugetarea Georgescu Delafras, 1941)
* *Colina lacrâmilor* (Bucharest: "Dacia Traiana", 1943)
* *Civilizația română sătească. Ipoteze și precizări* (Bucharest: Colecția "Țară și neam", 1944)
* *Firide literare* (Bucharest: Colecția "Luceafărul", 1944)
* *Maramureșul. Țară românească* (Bucharest: Colecția "Gând și faptă", 1944)

## InfoBox

| Ernest Bernea | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1905-03-28)March 28, 1905
Focșani, Kingdom of Romania |
| Died | November 14, 1990(1990-11-14) (aged 85)
Bucharest, Socialist Republic of Romania |


title: Culture of Brooklyn

text:
# Culture of Brooklyn

Brooklyn has played a major role in various aspects of American culture including literature, cinema and theater as well as being home to the Brooklyn Academy of Music and to the second largest public art collection in the United States which is housed in the Brooklyn Museum.

## Literature

Walt Whitman wrote of the Brooklyn waterfront in his classic poem *Crossing Brooklyn Ferry*. Harlem Renaissance playwright Eulalie Spence taught at Eastern District High School in Brooklyn from 1927 to 1938, a time during which she wrote her critically acclaimed plays *Fool's Errand*, and *Her*.

In 1930, poet Hart Crane published the epic poem *The Bridge*, using the Brooklyn Bridge as central symbol and poetic starting point. The novels of Henry Miller include reflections on several of the ethnic German and Jewish neighborhoods of Brooklyn during the 1890s and early 20th century; his novels *Tropic of Capricorn* and *The Rosy Crucifixion* include long tracts describing his childhood and young adulthood spent in the borough.

Betty Smith's 1943 book *A Tree Grows in Brooklyn,* and the 1945 film based on it, are among the best-known early works about life in Brooklyn. The *tree* in the title is the *Tree of Heaven.*

> There's a tree that grows in Brooklyn. Some people call it the Tree of Heaven. No matter where its seed falls, it makes a tree which struggles to reach the sky. It grows in boarded up lots and out of neglected rubbish heaps. It grows up out of cellar gratings. It is the only tree that grows out of cement. It grows lushly...survives without sun, water, and seemingly earth. It would be considered beautiful except that there are too many of it.
>
> *A Tree Grows in Brooklyn*, Introduction

Chaim Potok, rabbi and Brooklyn resident, wrote *The Chosen*, a book about two Jewish boys growing up in Brooklyn that was published in 1947. William Styron's novel *Sophie's Choice* is set in Flatbush, just off Prospect Park, during the summer of 1947. Arthur Miller's 1955 play *A View From the Bridge*, and Paule Marshall's 1959 novel, *Brown Girl, Brownstones*, about Barbadian immigrants during the Depression and World War II, are both set in Brooklyn.

More recently, Brooklyn-born author Jonathan Lethem has written several books about growing up in the borough, including *Motherless Brooklyn* and *The Fortress of Solitude.* The neighborhood of Park Slope is home to many contemporary writers, including Jonathan Safran Foer, Jhumpa Lahiri, Jonathan Franzen, Rick Moody, Jennifer Egan, Kathryn Harrison, Paul Auster, Franco Ambriz, Nicole Krauss, Colson Whitehead, Darin Strauss, Siri Hustvedt and Suketu Mehta, among others.

## Film

Brooklyn has played a key role in multiple films of various genres, from the 1917 Fatty Arbuckle comedy *Coney Island* to the 2011 coming-out film *Pariah*.

One iconic Brooklyn film is 1945's *A Tree Grows In Brooklyn*, based on Betty Smith's novel of the same name. It was the first film directed by Greek-American director Elia Kazan, starring James Dunn (who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor), Dorothy McGuire, Joan Blondell, and Peggy Ann Garner (who won the Academy Juvenile Award). Around that time other Hollywood films also depicted Brooklyn of that era and milieu, like the dark comedy *Arsenic and Old Lace*.

*Saturday Night Fever* starring John Travolta, a 1977 movie which defined the Disco era in the United States, was set in Bay Ridge, an Italian neighborhood in southern Brooklyn. Working class Jewish communities were depicted in films like 1977's *Annie Hall* and 1986's *Brighton Beach Memoirs*.

In the late 1980s, African-American communities in Brooklyn achieved a new cultural prominence with the films of Spike Lee, whose *She's Gotta Have It* and *Do The Right Thing* were shot in Brooklyn neighborhoods. Other films in this vein include *Straight Out of Brooklyn* and *Just Another Girl on the I.R.T.*.

The nostalgic 2005 film *The Squid and the Whale*, by Noah Baumbach, examined the family life of the Park Slope intelligentsia. In the 2000s, queer dramas like *Shortbus* and provocative documentaries like *Battle for Brooklyn* and *Trembling Before G-d* also showed then-new facets of Brooklyn. In the 2010s, some mainstream and independent films like *The Intern* and *Obvious Child* reflected a more gentrified North Brooklyn.

Other films set in Brooklyn include *Brooklyn Bridge*, *Brooklyn Castle* and *Brooklyn Matters*.

## Television

Brooklyn has been the setting for a variety of television shows, including the 1950s era *Honeymooners* starring Jackie Gleason, and the 1970s sitcom, *Welcome Back, Kotter*, starring Gabe Kaplan. In the 1980s, *The Cosby Show* was set in a Brooklyn Heights brownstone. In the 1990s, *Brooklyn Bridge* (about a Jewish American family living in Brooklyn in the middle 1950s) starring Marion Ross aired on CBS.

In the 2010s, a number of shows focused on young, primarily white people in gentrified areas like Williamsburg, including *Girls* on HBO and *2 Broke Girls* on CBS, as well as culturally mixed shows like *Brooklyn Nine-Nine* on NBC.

Additionally, many shows are filmed in Brooklyn even if they are not set there, such as *The Good Wife* (set in Chicago) and *Boardwalk Empire* (set in Atlantic City).

## Theater

The Brooklyn Academy of Music (BAM) includes a 2,109-seat opera house, an 874-seat Theater, and the art house BAM Rose Cinemas. Bargemusic and St. Ann's Warehouse are on the other side of Downtown Brooklyn in the DUMBO arts district.

Lynn Nottage's 1995 play *Crumbs from the Table of Joy* is set in post-World War II Brooklyn and deals with the hopes and frustrations of an African American family recently arrived from Florida. Neil Simon's 1983 play *Brighton Beach Memoirs* is set in 1937 Brooklyn.

## Music

Brooklyn has a thriving contemporary classical music scene led by the Brooklyn Philharmonic, now over 150 years old.

The Brooklyn Jazz Hall of Fame and Museum is located in Brooklyn.

Many pioneers and icons of hip hop were from Brooklyn, like the Notorious B.I.G., Jay Z, and the Beastie Boys.

Punk rock pioneers like Patti Smith and The Shirts were based in Brooklyn in the 1970s. Around the turn of the millennium, North Brooklyn neighborhoods like Williamsburg, Greenpoint, and Bushwick developed a major rock scene that incubated bands like the Yeah Yeah Yeahs, Grizzly Bear, TV on the Radio and the Dirty Projectors.

In the early 2000s the Williamsburg neighborhood became a center of electroclash with bands like Fischerspooner and promoter Larry Tee making a local breakthrough with the scene via his Berliniamsburg party at the Luxx Club and the Electroclash Festival in 2001.

The late 2010s saw a resurgence in the borough’s rap scene with the emergence of Brooklyn drill, a fusion of Chicago and UK drill music. Several of the scene’s pioneers, most notably Pop Smoke, are from the southeastern sections of the Brooklyn. The genre has since spread throughout the city and is especially popular with local born black and Latin youth.

## Art

The Brooklyn Museum, opened in 1897, the nation's second largest public art museum, includes in its permanent collection more than 1.5 million objects, from ancient Egyptian masterpieces to contemporary art. The Brooklyn Children's Museum, the world's first museum dedicated to children, opened in December 1899. The only such New York State institution accredited by the American Association of Museums, it is one of the few globally to have a permanent collection - 30,000+ cultural objects and natural history specimens.

BRIC Arts' Rotunda Gallery, founded in 1981, is the oldest not-for-profit gallery dedicated to presenting contemporary art work by artists who are from, live, or work in the borough.

## Architecture

There are a wide array of architectural styles represented in Brooklyn. The architectural eras and styles range from original Dutch colonial architecture represented by such historic homes as the Hendrick I. Lott House to Dutch Colonial Revival architecture, Art Deco to Post-modern.


title: Sauer (Rhine)

abstract: The Sauer is a river in France (Alsace) and Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate). A left tributary of the river Rhine, its total length is about 85 kilometres (53 mi), of which 64 km (40 mi) in France. Its upper course, in Germany, is called Saarbach. Its source is in the Palatinate forest, near the French border, south of Pirmasens. It flows into France near Schœnau, and continues through Wœrth and north of Haguenau. It flows into the Rhine in Seltz, opposite the mouth of the Murg.

text:
# Sauer (Rhine)

The **Sauer** is a river in France (Alsace) and Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate). A left tributary of the river Rhine, its total length is about 85 kilometres (53 mi), of which 64 km (40 mi) in France. Its upper course, in Germany, is called Saarbach. Its source is in the Palatinate forest, near the French border, south of Pirmasens. It flows into France near Schœnau, and continues through Wœrth and north of Haguenau. It flows into the Rhine in Seltz, opposite the mouth of the Murg.

## Tributaries

## InfoBox

| Sauer | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Countries | Germany and France |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Palatine Forest |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Rhine |
| coordinates | 48°54′55″N 8°9′25″E / 48.91528°N 8.15694°E / 48.91528; 8.15694 |
| Length | ~85 km (53 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | RhineNorth Sea |


abstract: The Portland Railway, Light and Power Sellwood Division Carbarn Office and Clubhouse, also known as Carmen's Clubhouse, in southeast Portland in the U.S. state of Oregon, is a former commercial transportation building listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Built in 1910 by the Portland Railway, Light and Power Company (PRL&P), it was added to the register in 2002. The structure was associated with Portland's street railway and interurban system of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Employees of PRL&P's transit division often worked 365 days a year and were expected to perform a variety of tasks including selling tickets, collecting fares, operating and cleaning streetcars, and writing reports. The clubhouse offered a few amenities for these workers. Although the first floor of the two-story building was used mainly for the trainmaster's office, a lost-and-found department, and record storage, it also included three shower-baths and a toilet. On the second floor were billiard tables, a gin rummy table, emergency sleeping rooms, and a reading room with books, desks, and writing materials. The furnace was in the basement, which also contained a toilet and a set of safe deposit boxes.

text:
# Portland Railway, Light and Power Sellwood Division Carbarn Office and Clubhouse

The **Portland Railway, Light and Power Sellwood Division Carbarn Office and Clubhouse**, also known as **Carmen's Clubhouse**, in southeast Portland in the U.S. state of Oregon, is a former commercial transportation building listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Built in 1910 by the Portland Railway, Light and Power Company (PRL&P), it was added to the register in 2002. The structure was associated with Portland's street railway and interurban system of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Employees of PRL&P's transit division often worked 365 days a year and were expected to perform a variety of tasks including selling tickets, collecting fares, operating and cleaning streetcars, and writing reports. The clubhouse offered a few amenities for these workers. Although the first floor of the two-story building was used mainly for the trainmaster's office, a lost-and-found department, and record storage, it also included three shower-baths and a toilet. On the second floor were billiard tables, a gin rummy table, emergency sleeping rooms, and a reading room with books, desks, and writing materials. The furnace was in the basement, which also contained a toilet and a set of safe deposit boxes.

## History

The Sellwood Division clubhouse, carbarns, and power plant were part of Portland's interurban and city trolley system. After this system was expanded in 1889 from downtown Portland across the Willamette River on the Steel Bridge to Albina, it was gradually extended south along the east bank of the river. It reached Sellwood in 1892 and Oregon City in 1893.

Sellwood, originally an independent city, became part of Portland in 1893. As population increased on the east bank, the line's ridership rose, peaking around 1915 when the Sellwood Division maintained 110 city cars and 30 interurban cars. By 1926, these numbers had dropped to 70 and 22, as economic conditions and commuter habits changed in the age of the automobile and bus. The trainmen's clubhouse closed in 1938; the last trolley ran in 1958. Although similar complexes were built for the Ankeny, Piedmont, and Savier divisions of the street railway system, the Sellwood Division buildings and one building of the former Ankeny carbarn complex are the only surviving remnants of the eight carbarns that once served the Portland area's past electric railway system.

In 1939, the United States Forest Service took over the building for use by the Civilian Conservation Corps and bought the clubhouse and the car barns three years later. Through 1984 it used the clubhouse for storage and as a forest pest research center. After vacating the building, the Forest Service used the adjacent property and outbuildings for storage through 1993, selling everything (with a protective historic-resource covenant for the clubhouse) to private owners in 1996. Vacant until 2002, the building was restored, added to the NRHP, and turned into the home of the Dunthorpe Marketing Group.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Portland Railway, Light and Power Sellwood Division Carbarn Office and Clubhouse | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| Portland Historic Landmark | |
|  | |
| The former PRL&P Sellwood clubhouse in 2016 | |
| Location of Sellwood Division Office in PortlandPortland Railway, Light and Power Sellwood Division Carbarn Office and Clubhouse (Oregon)Portland Railway, Light and Power Sellwood Division Carbarn Office and Clubhouse (the United States) | |
| Location | 8825 SE 11th Avenue
Portland, Oregon |
| Coordinates | 45°27′32″N 122°39′19″W / 45.458909°N 122.655321°W / 45.458909; -122.655321 |
| Area | 7,914-square-foot (735.2 m2) interior on a 0.4-acre (0.16 ha) lot |
| Built | 1910 |
| Architectural style | Industrial |
| NRHP reference No. | 02000670 |
| Added to NRHP | June 20, 2002 |


title: Date and time notation in Colombia

abstract: There are several forms for date and time notation in Colombia.

text:
# Date and time notation in Colombia

There are several forms for **date and time notation in Colombia**.

## Date

In Colombia, the standard dd/mm/yyyy is widely used:

31/12/2008

Also long date format is used, example:

*31 de diciembre de 2008* (31 December 2008)

## Time

Colombia uses the 12-hour format for clocks, but a format specifying the place of the sun is more commonly used for informal communication. This is because there are no time seasons, so that sunset and dawn are at approximately the same time every day. For example:

| Time Span/Example | *Media Noche* (Midnight) | *Madrugada* (Early Morning) | *Mañana* (Morning) | *Medio Día* (Noon) | *Tarde* (Afternoon) | *Noche* (Night) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Time Span** | 12:00 am – 12:59 am | 1 am - 5:59 am | 6:00 am – 11:59 am | 12:00 pm – 12:59 pm | 1:00 pm – 6:59 pm | 7:00 pm – 11:59 pm |
| **Example** | *Media noche* | *3:20 de la madrugada* | *8:25 de la mañana* | *Medio día* | *6:30 de la tarde* | *7:30 de la noche* |
|


title: Santa Clara Valley Medical Center

abstract: Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, commonly known as Valley Medical Center or simply Valley Medical, is a prominent 731-bed public tertiary, teaching, and research hospital in San Jose, California. Located in the Fruitdale neighborhood of West San Jose, Valley Medical Center is the anchor facility of the Santa Clara County Health System, serving Santa Clara County. Valley Medical is home to numerous innovative research and care centers, such as the Rehabilitation Trauma Center, the only federally-designated spinal cord injury center in Northern California.

text:
# Santa Clara Valley Medical Center

**Santa Clara Valley Medical Center**, commonly known as **Valley Medical Center** or simply **Valley Medical**, is a prominent 731-bed public tertiary, teaching, and research hospital in San Jose, California. Located in the Fruitdale neighborhood of West San Jose, Valley Medical Center is the anchor facility of the Santa Clara County Health System, serving Santa Clara County. Valley Medical is home to numerous innovative research and care centers, such as the Rehabilitation Trauma Center, the only federally-designated spinal cord injury center in Northern California.

## History

The campus and hospital were founded at its present location in 1876 by Dr. Benjamin Cory, the Director of Public Health. Founded as the County Hospital, it was the first organized hospital in the San Francisco Bay Area. The current campus continues to sit at the very same spot where the original hospital was constructed in the 19th century. This has led to issues with construction on site with the February 2012 unearthing of an 1870-1920s pauper's grave site.

## Trauma and emergency care

Santa Clara Valley Medical Center is one of five adult level one trauma centers in Northern California, along with Stanford University Medical Center in northwestern Santa Clara County, San Francisco General Hospital in San Francisco, Highland Hospital (Alameda County) in Oakland, and UC Davis Medical Center in Sacramento. It also is one of four pediatric level I trauma centers in Northern California. It operates the only federally designated spinal cord injury center in Northern California, the Rehabilitation Trauma Center, along with the only traumatic brain injury center for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients. It operates one of four burn centers in Northern California. It is the only trauma center in California to co-locate all five of these services on one campus.

Santa Clara Valley Medical Center operates numerous critical care units including the highest level neonatal intensive care unit. The medical center also is licensed for cardiovascular surgery and cardiac catheterization. It is designated a primary stroke treatment center by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Organizations. In addition, the Medical Center operates onsite outpatient clinics and satellite clinics in Central San Jose, East San Jose, South San Jose, as well as the suburbs of Sunnyvale, Gilroy, and Milpitas.

## Residencies

Residency programs operated by Santa Clara Valley Medical Center include internal medicine, obstetrics/gynecology, radiology, and pharmacy. Residents in anesthesiology, dermatology, emergency medicine, general surgery, neurology, ophthalmology, orthopedic surgery, pediatrics, physical medicine & rehabilitation, plastic surgery, radiation oncology, and urology from Stanford Medical School all rotate through Santa Clara Valley Medical Center.

Residents in infectious diseases from the Kaiser Permanente Medical Program rotate through Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, as do members of the occupational medicine program from UC San Francisco.

## Hospital rating data

The HealthGrades website contains the clinical quality data for Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, as of 2018. For this rating section clinical quality rating data, patient safety ratings and patient experience ratings are presented.

For inpatient conditions and procedures, there are three possible ratings: worse than expected, as expected, better than expected. For this hospital the data for this category is:

* Worse than expected - 4
* As expected - 12
* Better than expected - 5

For patient safety ratings the same three possible ratings are used. For this hospital they are"

* Worse than expected - 0
* As expected - 12
* Better than expected - 1

Percentage of patients rating this hospital as a 9 or 10 - 62% Percentage of patients who on average rank hospitals as a 9 or 10 - 69%

37°18′48″N 121°56′2″W / 37.31333°N 121.93389°W / 37.31333; -121.93389

## InfoBox

| Santa Clara Valley Medical Center | |
| --- | --- |
| Santa Clara County Health System | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | 751 South Bascom Avenue, San Jose, California, United States |
| Organization | |
| Care system | Public |
| Type | Teaching |
| Affiliated university | Stanford University School of Medicine |
| Services | |
| Emergency department | Level I trauma center |
| Beds | 731 |
| Public transit access | VTA Bus: 25, 61, SCVMC Shuttle |
| History | |
| Opened | 1876 (1876) |
| Links | |
| Website | scvmc.scvh.org |
| Lists | Hospitals in the United States |


abstract: Carver High School was a public secondary school in Pascagoula, Mississippi. It served as the high school for black students until the public schools were integrated in 1971. The building stayed dormant until 2012, when it was reopened as the Aaron Jones Interactive Center, named after a longtime coach at Carver.

text:
# Carver High School (Pascagoula, Mississippi)

**Carver High School** was a public secondary school in Pascagoula, Mississippi. It served as the high school for black students until the public schools were integrated in 1971. The building stayed dormant until 2012, when it was reopened as the Aaron Jones Interactive Center, named after a longtime coach at Carver.

## History

The first school for negroes in Pascagoula, known as "the Coloured School", was opened in 1890. In 1904 it expanded to two rooms. The school was later moved and renamed **Pascagoula Negro Carver High School**, then later renamed Carver High School. The first graduating class to attend all the way through was in 1941. In the 1970-1971 school year when the schools were integrated with the previously all-white Pascagoula High School, forty-two black students attended the integrated school.

## Notable alumni

* Dr. Calvin Huey, first African-American to play football at Navy graduated from Carver

## InfoBox

| Carver High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Pascagoula, Mississippi<br>United States | |
| Coordinates | 30°21′43″N 88°32′57″W / 30.3619°N 88.5491°W / 30.3619; -88.5491 |
| Information | |
| Former name | Pascagoula Negro Carver High School |
| Type | Public |
| Status | closed |


title: Eupithecia subtilis

abstract: Eupithecia subtilis is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Afghanistan, Iran, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Pakistan. It is found at altitudes between 1,500 and 3,500 meters.

text:
# Eupithecia subtilis

***Eupithecia subtilis*** is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Afghanistan, Iran, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Pakistan. It is found at altitudes between 1,500 and 3,500 meters.

## InfoBox

| *Eupithecia subtilis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Eupithecia* |
| Species: | ***E. subtilis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eupithecia subtilis***<br>Dietze, 1910 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eupithecia staudingeri* f. *subtilis* Dietze, 1910 * *Eupithecia tonu* Viidalepp, 1988 * *Eupithecia tona* | |


title: Scopula nebulata

abstract: Scopula nebulata is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by David Stephen Fletcher in 1963. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda.

text:
# Scopula nebulata

***Scopula nebulata*** is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by David Stephen Fletcher in 1963. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda.

## InfoBox

| *Scopula nebulata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Scopula* |
| Species: | ***S. nebulata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Scopula nebulata***<br>D. S. Fletcher, 1963 | |
|


title: RSVP cycles

abstract:
RSVP cycles is a system of creative methodology for collaboration. It was developed by Lawrence Halprin and Anna Halprin. Lawrence Halprin presented the system in a 1969 book The RSVP Cycles: Creative Processes in the Human Environment.(Halprin 1970) The name is an initialism referring to its four components:
  - Resources
  - Anything that can be used in the process, including time, physical materials, other people, ideas, limitations etc.
  - Score
  - Instructions for the work. This can be identified along a gradient scale of being an Open or a Closed score.
  - Valuaction
  - A process of dynamically responding to the work based on values.
  - Performance
  - Setting the work in motion. Within each stage there is a micro-cycle, which includes all the other elements. There is no set order in which stages should be completed, and one can jump from any element to any other element as long as there is consensus.

text:
# RSVP cycles

**RSVP cycles** is a system of creative methodology for collaboration. It was developed by Lawrence Halprin and Anna Halprin. Lawrence Halprin presented the system in a 1969 book *The RSVP Cycles: Creative Processes in the Human Environment*.(Halprin 1970)

> By chance, when I finally put the headings together, they spelled RSVP, which is a communications idea meaning "respond".

Halprin 1970, pp. 2–3

The name is an initialism referring to its four components:

*R*esourcesAnything that can be used in the process, including time, physical materials, other people, ideas, limitations etc. *S*coreInstructions for the work. This can be identified along a gradient scale of being an Open or a Closed score. *V*aluactionA process of dynamically responding to the work based on values. *P*erformanceSetting the work in motion.

Within each stage there is a micro-cycle, which includes all the other elements (e.g. scoring the resources, resourcing the performance, performing the score etc.). There is no set order in which stages should be completed, and one can jump from any element to any other element as long as there is consensus.

### Cross-reference

### Sources used

* Dunđerović, Aleksandar (2003). *The cinema of Robert Lepage: the poetics of memory*. Wallflower Press. ISBN 978-1-903364-33-8.
* Schechner, Richard (2002). *Performance studies: an introduction*. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-14620-3.
* Shelleda, Leah (2011-11-05). "Collaboration, Occupation & The RSVP Cycle". *After the Jug Was Broken*.
* Halprin, Anna; Kaplan, Rachel (1995). *Moving toward life: five decades of transformational dance*. Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 978-0-8195-6286-9.
* Raby, Gyllian (2010). "Improvisation and Devising: The Circle of Expectation, the Invisible Hand, and RSVP". *Canadian Theatre Review*. **143** (1): 94–97. doi:10.1353/ctr.0.0047. S2CID 145071692.

## Further reading

* Halprin, Lawrence (1970). *The RSVP Cycles: Creative Processes in the Human Environment*. G. Braziller.
* Kupper, Eugene (June 1971). "Review Symposium : The RSVP Cycles: Creative Processes in the Human Environment. Lawrence Halprin. (New York: Braziller, 20 7 pp., $15. 00)". *Urban Affairs Review*. **6** (4): 495–498. doi:10.1177/107808747100600406. S2CID 154374548.


title: Cuckoo (2014 soundtrack)

abstract: Cuckoo is the musical album composed by Santhosh Narayanan to the 2014 Tamil film Cuckoo, directed by journalist-turned-filmmaker Raju Murugan in his directorial debut. The film starred Attakathi Dinesh and debutant Malavika Nair in leading roles, and was jointly produced by the companies Fox Star Studios and The Next Big Film Venture. The soundtrack album has six tracks, five of them being written by Yugabharathi and one song by Gaana Bala and R. K. Sundar. The score and songs were composed with the use of live and acoustic instrumentation as the film's plot focused on a relationship between the blind couple, which needed a "lively and breezy album". Sean Roldan and Vaikom Vijayalakshmi made their debut in Tamil film music, by contributing to the soundtrack. The album's release coincided with a promotional event held at Sathyam Cinemas, Chennai on 21 February 2014. The same day, the tracks were distributed by Think Music through digital and physical formats. It received positive reviews from music critics, praising Narayanan's melodious compositions, production of the soundtrack and the choice of singers. At the 2014 Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards, Narayanan won the Best Music Director award. The soundtrack further won the Mirchi Music Award for Best Tamil Musical Album.

text:
# Cuckoo (2014 soundtrack)

***Cuckoo*** is the musical album composed by Santhosh Narayanan to the 2014 Tamil film *Cuckoo*, directed by journalist-turned-filmmaker Raju Murugan in his directorial debut. The film starred Attakathi Dinesh and debutant Malavika Nair in leading roles, and was jointly produced by the companies Fox Star Studios and The Next Big Film Venture. The soundtrack album has six tracks, five of them being written by Yugabharathi and one song by Gaana Bala and R. K. Sundar.

The score and songs were composed with the use of live and acoustic instrumentation as the film's plot focused on a relationship between the blind couple, which needed a "lively and breezy album". Sean Roldan and Vaikom Vijayalakshmi made their debut in Tamil film music, by contributing to the soundtrack.

The album's release coincided with a promotional event held at Sathyam Cinemas, Chennai on 21 February 2014. The same day, the tracks were distributed by Think Music through digital and physical formats. It received positive reviews from music critics, praising Narayanan's melodious compositions, production of the soundtrack and the choice of singers. At the 2014 Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards, Narayanan won the Best Music Director award (also for his work in *Jigarthanda* and *Madras*). The soundtrack further won the Mirchi Music Award for Best Tamil Musical Album.

## Background

On writing the storyline of *Cuckoo*, which focused on a visually-impaired couple, Raju Murugan approached Santhosh Narayanan to compose the film's musical score and soundtrack as he wanted the music to be "lively" and "heartwarming". Narayanan, who received accolades for his work in the soundtrack and score composed for *Soodhu Kavvum*, had been roped in as a part of multiple projects since then, before signing for the film. According to Narayanan, *Cuckoo* was a "breezy film" and also a "totally different experience" for the composer.

The recording of the film's songs and score took place at Studio 301 located at Sydney, Australia. Narayanan collaborated with musicians who worked for veteran composers like Ilaiyaraaja, Deva and M. S. Viswanathan, while further working with Grammy-award winning artists and street musicians for few tracks in the album. The soundtrack was recorded using acoustic instruments with a 60-piece orchestra from Australia being used in entirety. The film score was composed with the help of live instrumentation.

Narayanan's protégés Sean Roldan (his debut in Tamil cinema) and Pradeep Kumar, contributed to the soundtrack, before gaining popularity in the Tamil music scene as singer-composer respectively. Roldan, who was credited as R. Raghavendra, had recorded two of the songs — "Potta Pulla" and "Manasula Soora Kaathey", the latter was his first song in Tamil. Kumar had also gave vocals for two of the tracks, along with his wife, Kalyani Nair, also a playback singer. Vaikom Vijayalakshmi, a visually-impaired singer, had recorded the track "Kodaiyila", which marked her first song in Tamil. Other artists such as Gana Bala, Anthony Daasan and Dhee too contributed vocals to the soundtrack.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Singer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Enda Mapla" | Gana Bala, Sathish, Dhee | 4:23 |
| 2. | "Manasula Soora Kaathey" | Sean Roldan, Divya Ramani | 4:26 |
| 3. | "Potta Pulla" | Sean Roldan | 4:15 |
| 4. | "Agasatha" | Kalyani Nair, Pradeep Kumar | 5:02 |
| 5. | "Kalyanamam Kalyanam" | Anthony Daasan | 3:55 |
| 6. | "Kodaiyila" | Vaikom Vijayalakshmi, Kalyani Nair, Pradeep Kumar | 4:03 |
| Total length: | | | 26:04 |

## Release

The soundtrack album featured six tracks with one song being written by Gana Bala and the rest of the tracks are written by Yugabharathi. The audio rights were secured by Think Music. It was launched on 21 February 2014 at a promotional event held at Sathyam Cinemas, Chennai. The event saw the attendance of actors Kamal Haasan, Suriya and Vijay Sethupathi along with directors Atlee, Karthik Subbaraj, Pa. Ranjith, Cheran, Vetrimaaran, Vijay Kumar and Naveen, with the cast and crew of the film. Two songs from the film and a theatrical trailer were screened at the event, which was followed by a live acapella performance organised by Santhosh and his musical team, received well by the celebrities and the crew members.

## Reception

The album received positive reviews from critics and audiences. *Behindwoods* gave 3.5 out of 5 stars and stated that the album is "alluring and immersive". *The Times of India* rated the album 3.5 out of 5 and called the album as "blissful". Vipin Nair of *Music Aloud* rated the album 8.5 out of 10, reviewing it as "The best soundtrack that composer Santhosh Narayanan has produced yet!" *Moviecrow* gave the soundtrack 8 out of 10 saying " Santhosh Narayanan mesmerises you with his lilting melodies. The songs in Cuckoo are definitely one too many. Yet the quality of the songs is such that you do not mind it." *Indiaglitz* gave 3.25 out of 5 and "Santhosh has captivated us with the right notes to grab our attention and draw audience towards this different and compelling film". Karthik Srinivasan of Milliblog wrote "Santhosh soars far beyond his familiar style and produces a cracker of a soundtrack!" Haricharan Pudipeddi of *The New Indian Express* wrote, "Santosh Narayanan's life-affirming music makes you ignore fewer flaws you may across in the film". *Sify* wrote that the "outstanding music and BGM" was a "major plus". Karthik Krishnaswamy of *The Indian Express* gave 3.5 out of 5, saying that the "songs gives the same pleasant appeal as of Santhosh Naryanan's earlier ones".

In the review round-up for Best of Tamil Music in 2014, by Moviecrow, *Cuckoo* was listed in the second and sixth position, regarding to "Top 10 Albums" and "Top 10 Background Scores". Milliblog listed the album as the second-best Tamil soundtrack of 2014, while "Manasula Soora Kaathey" was listed in the second position. Two of the tracks: "Manasula Soora Kaathey" and "Agasatha" were placed in the Top 25 Tamil Film Songs, in the annual review round-up titled *Music Aloud Playback – Best of 2014*.

## Awards

| Award | Category | Recipient(s) | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards | Best Music Director | Santhosh Narayanan (Also for *Jigarthanda* and *Madras*) | Won |
 |
| Filmfare Awards South | Best Lyricist – Tamil | Yugabharathi | Nominated |  |
| Mirchi Music Awards South | Best Music Album – Tamil | *Cuckoo*Santhosh Narayanan | Won |
 |
| | Best Lyricist – Tamil | Yugabharathi | | Nominated |
| | Best Female Playback Singer – Tamil | Kalyani Nair for "Agasatha" | | Nominated |
| | Vaikom Vijayalakshmi for "Kodaiyila" | Nominated | |
| | Best Music Director – Tamil | Santhosh Narayanan | | Nominated |
| | Song of the Year – Tamil | "Manasula Soora Kaathey" | | Nominated |
| | Upcoming Male Vocalist – Tamil | Sean Roldan for "Manasula Soora Kaathey" | | Nominated |
| South Indian International Movie Awards | Best Lyricist – Tamil | Yugabharathi | Won |
 |
| Vijay Awards | Best Music Director | Santhosh Narayanan | Nominated |
 |
| | Best Lyricist | Yugabharathi | | Nominated |

1. "Street music fuelled Santhosh Narayanan's journey". *Deccan Herald*. 2 July 2021. Archived from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
2. "Cuckoo is a true story - Times of India". *The Times of India*. 21 February 2014. Archived from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
3. IANS (21 February 2014). "I've opened new doors for offbeat films: 'Cuckoo' director". *Business Standard India*. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
4. "Acoustic instruments make Cuckoo special - Times of India". *The Times of India*. 21 February 2014. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
5. "Santhosh Narayanan 25: From Attakathi to Pariyerum Perumal, retracing the composer's six-year journey". *Cinema Express*. 17 September 2018. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
6. Kumar, S. R. Ashok (12 March 2014). "Audio Beat: Cuckoo - For youngsters". *The Hindu*. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
7. "Kamal Haasan: Cuckoo has intricacies that you find in novels". *NDTV.com*. 21 February 2014. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
8. "Kamal Haasan, Suriya to launch Cuckoo audio - Times of India". *The Times of India*. 19 February 2014. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
9. "Kamal Haasan and Suriya shared great vibes at the Cuckoo music launch". *Behindwoods*. 21 February 2014. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
10. "Suriya bows down to the Cuckoo team on stage at the music Launch". *Behindwoods*. 21 February 2014. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
11. "Cuckoo (aka) Cuckoo songs review". *Behindwoods*. 21 February 2014. Archived from the original on 20 March 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
12. "Music Review: Cuckoo - Times of India". *The Times of India*. 1 March 2014. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
13. Nair, Vipin (1 March 2014). "Cuckoo – Music Review (Tamil Movie Soundtrack)". *Music Aloud*. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
14. "Cuckoo Songs Review". *Moviecrow*. 23 February 2014. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
15. "Cuckoo Music review songs lyrics". *IndiaGlitz.com*. 22 February 2014. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
16. Srinivasan, Karthik (23 February 2014). "Cuckoo (Music review), Tamil – Santhosh Narayanan". *Milliblog*. Archived from the original on 30 June 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
17. Pudipeddi, Haricharan (22 March 2014). "'Cuckoo' - Blinded By Love". *The New Indian Express*. Archived from the original on 1 May 2016. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
18. "Movie Review : Cuckoo". *Sify*. Archived from the original on 21 March 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
19. "Cuckoo – Songs Review". *The Indian Express*. 21 February 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
20. "Music Directors & Albums of Tamil Cinema 2014 (Part 1)". *Moviecrow*. 19 December 2014. Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
21. "Milliblog Annual Music round-up 2014". *Milliblog*. 13 December 2014. Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
22. "Music Aloud Playback – Best of 2014". *Music Aloud*. 20 December 2014. Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
23. "ஆனந்த விகடன் விருதுகள் 2014" \[Ananda Vikatan Awards 2014\]. *Ananda Vikatan* (in Tamil). 8 January 2015. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
24. V. P., Nicy (9 January 2015). "Vikatan Awards 2014: Dhanush, Dulquer Salmaan, 'Sathuranga Vettai' Honoured \[Winners List\]". *International Business Times*. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
25. "Nominations for the 62nd Britannia Filmfare Awards (South)". *Filmfare*. 3 June 2015. Archived from the original on 21 June 2015. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
26. "Mirchi Music Awards South 2014 on Vijay TV - Times of India". *The Times of India*. 11 September 2014. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
27. "MMA Mirchi Music Awards". 14 September 2014. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
28. "SIIMA 2015 nominations". *South Indian International Movie Awards*. 16 June 2015. Archived from the original on 16 June 2015. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
29. "SIIMA Awards 2015 Tamil winners list". *The Times of India*. 8 August 2015. Archived from the original on 9 August 2015. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
30. "Vijay Awards 2015 – Complete list of winners". *Sify*. 26 April 2015. Archived from the original on 5 May 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
31. V. P., Nicy (6 April 2015). "9th Annual Vijay Awards: Ajith, Vijay, Rajinikanth, Suriya, Dhanush Nominated \[Complete List\]". *International Business Times*. Archived from the original on 5 May 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2015.

## InfoBox

| Cuckoo | |
| --- | --- |
| Soundtrack album cover | |
| Soundtrack album by Santhosh Narayanan | |
| Released | 21 February 2014 |
| Recorded | 2013–2014 |
| Genre | Feature film soundtrack |
| Length | 26:04 |
| Language | Tamil |
| Label | Think Music |
| Producer | Santhosh Narayanan |
| Santhosh Narayanan chronology | |
| *Pizza 2: The Villa*
(2013) ***Cuckoo***
(2014) *Jigarthanda*
(2014) | |


title: Sabine Hazboun

abstract: Sabine Hazboun is a Palestinian swimmer. She was born in Bethlehem. She competed in the women's 50m freestyle at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, finishing with a personal best time of 28.28 seconds. She also competed in 5 world swimming championships, 2 Asian Games, Youth Olympic Games, Arab Games and other international championships. She trained in Barcelona.

text:
# Sabine Hazboun

**Sabine Hazboun** (Arabic: سابين حزبون ; born 1994) is a Palestinian swimmer. She was born in Bethlehem. She competed in the women's 50m freestyle at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, finishing with a personal best time of 28.28 seconds. She also competed in 5 world swimming championships, 2 Asian Games, Youth Olympic Games, Arab Games and other international championships. She trained in Barcelona.

## InfoBox

Sabine Hazboun
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Palestinian |
| Born | (1994-06-11) June 11, 1994<br>Palestine |
| Weight | 114 lb (52 kg) |
| Sport | |
| Country | Palestine |
| Sport | Swimming |
| Event | Women's 50m Freestyle |


title: Porter Blanchard

abstract: Porter George Blanchard was an American silversmith living and working in Pacoima, California. He is considered to have been part of the Arts and Crafts Movement.

text:
# Porter Blanchard

**Porter George Blanchard** (February 28, 1886 – November 1, 1973) was an American silversmith living and working in Pacoima, California. He is considered to have been part of the Arts and Crafts Movement.

## Career

Blanchard learned the trade of the silversmith from his father, George Porter Blanchard in Gardner, Massachusetts. In 1923, Blanchard moved to Burbank, California, where he established a studio for silversmithing. Between the 1930s and 1950, he operated a shop in Hollywood. He then worked from his home in Pacoima from the 1940s until his death in 1973.

His daughter Alice Blanchard married Lewis Wise, who conducted business as Porter Blanchard Silversmiths in Calabasas, California. After 1955, all Porter Blanchard flatware was made at the Calabasas shop, while the holloware was made at Blanchard's Pacoima home. His daughter Rebecca married Allan Adler, who continued designing as a silversmith in the Arts and Crafts tradition.

Blanchard was a member of the Boston Society of Arts and Crafts and was awarded their title of medalist in 1944.

## Legacy

Many of his papers, including photographs of his shop, are collected in the Archives of American Art at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. They were donated to the Archives by his daughters, Rebecca Adler and Alice E. Wise.

Blanchard's works are in the collections of various museums, including the Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, and the Oakland Museum of California.

## Further reading

* *The Story of Sterling*, Sterling Silversmiths Guild of America, 1937, 54 pages
* *The Arts and Crafts Movement in California - Living the Good Life*, ed. by Kenneth R. Trapp for the Oakland Museum, 1993, Abbeville Press, ISBN 1-55859-493-0
* *The Renaissance of an Ancient Art*, L. Stanley Grohs, A sale catalog of hand-wrought silver and pewter crafted by Porter Blanchard which were offered for sale in 1930 by S. G. Gump and Company of San Francisco, limited edition, 21 pages.

## InfoBox

| Porter Blanchard | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1886-02-28)February 28, 1886
Gardner, Massachusetts, US |
| Died | November 1, 1973(1973-11-01) (aged 87)
Burbank, California, US |
| Movement | Arts and Crafts |
| Awards | Medalist, Boston Society of Arts and Crafts |


title: Tchamba Prefecture

abstract: Tchamba Prefecture is one of the prefectures of Togo located in the Centrale Region. At the time of the 2022 census it had a population of 200,585 people. The center is at Tchamba. The cantons of Tchamba include Tchamba, Koussountou, Adjéidè (Kri-Kri), Kaboli, Balanka, Alibi, Affem, Larini, Bago, and Goubi.

text:
# Tchamba Prefecture

**Tchamba Prefecture** is one of the prefectures of Togo located in the Centrale Region. At the time of the 2022 census it had a population of 200,585 people.

The center is at Tchamba. The cantons (or subdivisions) of Tchamba include Tchamba, Koussountou, Adjéidè (Kri-Kri), Kaboli, Balanka, Alibi, Affem, Larini, Bago, and Goubi.

1. "Togo: Administrative Division (Regions and Prefectures) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". *www.citypopulation.de*. Retrieved 2024-01-28.
2. "Annuaire Statistique du Togo (2010-2013)" (in French). October 2019. Retrieved 2021-08-06.

9°02′N 1°25′E / 9.033°N 1.417°E / 9.033; 1.417


abstract: The Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority, more commonly known simply as the Valley Transportation Authority (VTA), is a special district responsible for public transit services, congestion management, specific highway improvement projects, and countywide transportation planning for Santa Clara County, California. It serves San Jose, California, and the surrounding Silicon Valley. It is one of the governing parties for the Caltrain commuter rail line that serves the county. In 2023, the VTA's public transportation services had a combined ridership of 26,610,000, or about 91,400 per weekday as of the second quarter of 2024.

text:
# Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority

The **Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority**, more commonly known simply as the **Valley Transportation Authority** (**VTA**), is a special district responsible for public transit services, congestion management, specific highway improvement projects, and countywide transportation planning for Santa Clara County, California. It serves San Jose, California, and the surrounding Silicon Valley. It is one of the governing parties for the Caltrain commuter rail line that serves the county. In 2023, the VTA's public transportation services had a combined ridership of 26,610,000, or about 91,400 per weekday as of the second quarter of 2024.

## History

### Santa Clara County Transit District

In 1969, Santa Clara County had three private bus companies, all of which were in serious financial trouble: Peninsula Transit, San Jose City Lines, and Peerless Stages. The California Legislature enacted the Santa Clara County Transit District Act in 1969, which allowed the Santa Clara County Board of Supervisors to place a ballot measure asking county voters if the Santa Clara County Transit District (SCCTD) shall be formed. However, the Act did not supply any funding from the state level for the new district; SCCTD would be funded as required by issuing bonds. At the time, county voters were reluctant to raise their own taxes to support a local public transit system. The formation of the Santa Clara County Transit District was rejected in 1969 and 1970 before it was finally approved by county voters on June 6, 1972. The SCCTD took over the operations of the three old bus companies on January 1, 1973.

On September 26, 1974, the county Board of Supervisors dissolved the Public Works Department. Non-transit operations went into a new General Services Agency, while transit operations were placed into a new Santa Clara County Transportation Agency. Under the terms of the SCCTD Act, the five-member Board of Supervisors also served as the Board of Supervisors for the new transit district. They would be advised by a commission consisting of members appointed by the cities (one member appointed by each city in the county) and five members of the public appointed by the county supervisors. SCCTD administration would be led by an executive officer.

In its early years the Santa Clara County Transportation District approached the task of replacing the bus fleet it inherited from its predecessors, which was in need of upgrades and repair. At first the district bought propane-fueled Twin Coaches and Gillig/Neoplans. SCCTD switched to an all-diesel fleet after six buses went up in flames between December 1977 and April 1978. At the time, critics referred to the buses as "rolling propane bombs."

On March 6, 1976, Santa Clara County voters approved a half-cent sales tax, Measure A, to help support the Santa Clara County Transit District. In 1977, the primary Overhaul and Repair Facility was built at the Cerone Yard. Also in 1977, County Supervisors decided to change the bus fleet from propane to diesel and ordered 102 buses. By 1979, three additional bus yards were built and commissioned into service.

In December 1978, the SCCTD approved an affirmative action plan for the Transportation Agency to improve the diversity of its workforce. On March 25, 1987, after a long legal battle, the U.S. Supreme Court by a 6-3 majority upheld the gender component of the plan against a civil rights challenge in *Johnson v. Transportation Agency*.

The transit district broke ground on a new light rail system in 1986. It commenced revenue service along the Guadalupe line on December 11, 1987. With the introduction of light rail service, the transit district replaced its traditional blue and orange color scheme with blue and burgundy across the system, to better match the Tuscan red on the new light rail stations. Expansion of the single line continued in sections until 1991 when the starter system was completed to Santa Teresa station in South San Jose including the Almaden spur line.

### Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority

On January 1, 1995, the SCCTD merged with the county Congestion Management Agency to become the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (SCVTA). In December 1996, the agency adopted a shorter trade name, Valley Transportation Authority (VTA), as well as a new logo.

In 1996, voters approved a half-cent general county sales tax, Measure B, and a companion list of transportation projects recommended to be funded with Measure B, called **(1996) Measure A**. The two measures were designed to adhere to the rule in the California State Constitution that requires a two-thirds supermajority to pass any special purpose sales tax, but only a majority vote to pass a general sales tax. The measure was challenged, but in 1998, the California Supreme Court ruled that the two measure system was valid. The tax was to be collected for ten years.

In 2000, voters approved a 30-year extension of the 1996 sales tax to fund the Silicon Valley BART extension, which will eventually extend Bay Area Rapid Transit from its original terminus in Fremont to Santa Clara Transit Center. **2000 Measure A** also included funding for light rail extensions, bus service expansion, expansion and electrification of Caltrain service, and connections from San Jose International Airport to BART, Caltrain and VTA light rail. The measure was placed on the ballot by the VTA and did not include funding specifically for highway projects. The measure passed with 70% of the vote. Revenues from the sales tax would not begin being collected until April 2006.

After 2000, due to the dot-com bust, existing revenue sources declined and VTA was forced to cut service and increase fares. VTA introduced a series of fare increases between 1998 and 2005. VTA's farebox recovery is approximately 13% and the Authority is focused on increasing the ratio. VTA contemplated service reductions in 2003 to address its budget problems. Instead, VTA changed routes to respond to customer demands and by 2008 saw increased ridership numbers.

In keeping with 2000 Measure A, VTA needed additional funding to deliver the 6-mile-long (9.7 km) second phase of the BART Silicon Valley extension to Santa Clara, including the 5-mile-long (8.0 km) subway tunnel through downtown San Jose. Measure B, added to the November 2016 ballot, would raise $6.3 billion for transit projects via a half-cent increase in sales tax. It included up to $1.6 billion for the BART extension, as well as funds for Caltrain electrification, grade separation, and road improvements. Voters passed the 2016 Measure B, which required a two-thirds majority vote. A lawsuit was filed in January 2017 by Cheriel Jensen to challenge the validity of the measure. It was initially dismissed with prejudice in July 2017, but an appeal was subsequently filed in August 2017 to the 6th District Court of Appeal. Pending a resolution, the funds collected by taxes introduced by 2016 Measure B were held in an escrow account. The appeals court upheld the dismissal, and on January 23, 2019, the California Supreme Court refused to hear the final appeal. In January 2020, climate activists pushed the VTA to reallocate Measure B funds away from road projects and into more transit improvements, but were voted down at the San Jose City Council, which controls a majority of the VTA's board.

On June 13, 2020, VTA opened the first 10-mile-long (16 km) phase of the BART Silicon Valley extension to the Berryessa/North San José station, ceding operations to the Bay Area Rapid Transit District.

In April 2021, the VTA suffered a ransomware attack that disabled many of the agency's computer systems, including the paratransit reservation tracker.

On May 26, 2021, a mass shooting occurred at a VTA rail yard in San Jose, California. Ten people, including the gunman, were killed during the shooting, making it the deadliest mass shooting in the history of the San Francisco Bay Area.

## Leadership

### Board of directors

Starting from January 1, 1995, the Santa Clara VTA special district is governed by a board of directors with 12 voting members composed of political leaders at the city and county level, including the Santa Clara County Board of Supervisors, San Jose City Council, and other cities including Campbell, Cupertino, Fremont, Gilroy, Los Altos, Los Altos Hills, Los Gatos, Milpitas, Monte Sereno, Morgan Hill, Mountain View, Palo Alto, Santa Clara, San Martin, Saratoga, and Sunnyvale.

Of the eighteen members, fifteen are drawn from city councils and three are county supervisors; twelve are voting members and six are alternates. Five of the fifteen board members from city councils are from San Jose, which has led to criticism that the board is too heavily weighted towards one city.

Under the original proposal to form VTA in 1994, a sixteen-member board was proposed: five members directly elected, one each from the five County Supervisorial Districts; and eleven appointed from elected bodies (city councils or the county board of supervisors). The implementing legislation changed this structure to a nineteen-member board: twelve voting members, five alternates, and up to two ex-officio members, who serve as VTA's representatives to the Bay Area Metropolitan Transportation Commission. For the first ten years (1995–2004), the twelve voting members were selected as:

* 5 from the San Jose City Council
* 5 from other city councils in Santa Clara County:
    + 1 from Sunnyvale for 8 of 10 years; the remaining 2 years are filled by a member from the other Central district cities (Los Altos, Los Altos Hills, Mountain View, or Palo Alto)
    + 1 from Santa Clara for 8 of 10 years; the remaining 2 years are filled by a member from the other Central district cities
    + 1 from the Central district cities, on a rotating basis
    + 1 from the South/Eastern district cities (Gilroy, Milpitas, Morgan Hill or San Martin), on a rotating basis
    + 1 from the Western district cities (Campbell, Cupertino, Los Gatos, Monte Sereno, or Saratoga), on a rotating basis
* 2 County Supervisors

Each Board of Directors member serves a two-year term. For the non-rotating members (San Jose, Sunnyvale, Santa Clara, and County Supervisor), each member may serve multiple terms.

From 2004 to 2009, the Board had similar requirements with five San Jose City Councilmembers and two County Supervisors; the five non-San Jose city-level Board members were selected as:

* 1 from the South/Eastern district cities (Gilroy, Milpitas, Morgan Hill or San Martin), on a rotating basis
* 1 from the Western district cities (Campbell, Cupertino, Los Gatos, Monte Sereno, or Saratoga), on a rotating basis
* 3 from the Central district cities (Sunnyvale, Santa Clara, Los Altos, Los Altos Hills, Mountain View, or Palo Alto), on a rotating basis

In June 2004, a Santa Clara County Grand Jury criticized the governance structure, calling it "too large, too political, too dependent on staff, too inexperienced in some cases, and too removed from the financial and operational performance of VTA." Since VTA board members are required to be elected officials, they must juggle their other duties in addition to VTA. The Grand Jury recommended that the VTA board be shrunk to five to seven members, with members either appointed solely for transportation issues or directly elected by the voters. Grand juries in 2009 and 2019 have echoed similar complaints.

Assemblymember Marc Berman (D-Menlo Park) introduced AB 1091 on February 18, 2021, which would reduce the size of the board to nine members, of which five would be appointed by the County Supervisors, two would be from San Jose, and two would be from the remaining cities, split between the northern cities (one member from Palo Alto, Mountain View, Los Altos, Los Altos Hills, Sunnyvale, or Milpitas) and the southern cities (one member from Santa Clara, Campbell, Cupertino, Saratoga, Los Gatos, Monte Sereno, Morgan Hill, San Martin or Gilroy). Instead of the current structure, which appoints Board members from elected officials, under Berman's proposed bill, the Board members would be appointed from the public and serve four-year terms. AB 1091 faced significant opposition from the San Jose City Council and was tabled in May.

Berman followed up by re-introducing the VTA Board reform bill as AB 2181 on February 15, 2022. AB 2181 passed the Assembly on a 69–2 vote in May, with Assemblymembers Ash Kalra and Mark Stone opposed. Current and former VTA Board members criticized AB 2181 as not sufficiently ensuring representation from smaller cities and not addressing the root causes of VTA's low ridership.

### General Manager and CEO

VTA General Manager & CEO
| Name | Term |
| --- | --- |
| Peter Cipolla | 1995Jun 30, 2005 |
| Michael Burns | Aug 2005Dec 31, 2013 |
| Nuria I. Fernandez | Dec 2013Jan 2021 |
| Evelynn Tran (acting) | Jan 2021Jul 2021 |
| Carolyn Gonot | Jul 2021 – present |

Operations and management at VTA are led by the General Manager and Chief Executive Officer (GM/CEO). General Counsel Evelynn Tran served as the interim GM/CEO while the agency searched for a permanent replacement for Nuria I. Fernandez, who was appointed Deputy Administrator of the Federal Transit Administration in January 2021. Carolyn Gonot, who had served in multiple leadership roles at VTA before leaving in 2019 to head the Utah Transit Authority, was appointed the General Manager and CEO in May 2021, and began serving in July.

## Congestion management

VTA also serves as the Congestion Management Agency for Santa Clara County. In this role VTA makes decisions on what local projects can utilize federal and state funding, and manage sales tax revenue that is specified for VTA usages, such as **1987 Measure A** and **2000 Measure A** sales tax measures.

## Transit services

VTA operates three light rail lines, a number of bus lines, and paratransit service. VTA is a member agency of Peninsula Corridor Joint Powers Board that manages Caltrain commuter rail, providing one-third of annual operating funds and all the funding for specific improvement projects within Santa Clara County. VTA is also a member agency of Capitol Corridor Joint Powers Authority that manages Capitol Corridor intercity rail service. The VTA is responsible for building the Silicon Valley BART extension but is not a member of the Bay Area Rapid Transit District.

As VTA covers Santa Clara County in general, it serves the major core city of San Jose (where VTA is based and headquartered), with service to the other municipalities of Campbell, Cupertino, Fremont, Gilroy, Los Altos, Los Altos Hills, Los Gatos, Milpitas, Monte Sereno, Morgan Hill, Mountain View, Palo Alto, Santa Clara, San Martin, Saratoga and Sunnyvale. Only Campbell, Milpitas, Mountain View, San Jose, Santa Clara and Sunnyvale are served by light rail. The VTA partners with Highway 17 Express to provide service to Santa Cruz and with Dumbarton Express to provide transbay service between Union City and Stanford University.

### Light rail

### Bus routes

VTA operates 43 regularly operating bus routes as of January 2022, including 39 regular bus routes and 4 rapid bus routes. Many of these routes connect to VTA light rail service, and Caltrain stations. In addition, VTA operates 4 express routes, 8 school trip services, 8 free shuttle routes connecting to ACE commuter rail services, and one commuter shuttle to the Valley Medical Center

VTA's longest and most-used bus route is the 22, which connects VTA's Eastridge Transit Center in East San Jose with the Caltrain station in Palo Alto, which serves as a transfer point for SamTrans buses from San Mateo County. Line 22, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, was the only line with 24-hour, 7 days-per-week service, including night bus service as part of the regional All-Nighter Network. Line 22's fleet of coaches primarily consists of articulated low floorbuses.

On January 14, 2008, VTA implemented major updates in its bus service. Some routes became part of a community bus network that utilizes shorter buses and charges a cheaper fee than standard bus service. Others became part of a core network with headways of 15 minutes or less. Additionally, some bus routes underwent changes in routing, while other, less-used routes were deleted completely. The agency completed another bus service redesign on December 28, 2019.

### BRT (Bus Rapid Transit)

#### Current service

On July 5, 2005, VTA implemented its first rapid bus line along the VTA's busiest corridor. Modeled after the Metro Rapid service in Los Angeles, rapid bus Line 522 follows most of the Line 22 route, and features limited stops, headway based schedules, low floor fleet, and signal priority along El Camino Real. However, the current rapid bus service by VTA does not fully qualify as BRT, due to the lack of separate ticketing stations and platforms, distinctive vehicles, and special lanes which allow BRT to avoid traffic jams. Rather, it serves as a temporary rapid bus service until VTA officially opens a BRT transit corridor along the same route, which will upgrade the current 522 route.

#### Future

| Rapid 500 |
| --- |
|  |
|  |

VTA had planned to add distinctive vehicles, separate bus-exclusive lanes on Alum Rock Avenue, El Camino Real, and Stevens Creek Boulevard, ticketing platforms separate from other buses, and possible amenities such as wait time for successive BRT buses by 2016 (making BRT behave more like a light rail or tram system, instead of bus service). This would also upgrade the existing 522 bus service to an official BRT, and rename the entire VTA-operated BRT service to VTA Rapid, differentiating it from VTA's buses division.

This plan involved reducing general traffic lanes from 3 lanes in each direction which was unpopular and the plans were abandoned in January 2018.

An additional rapid line, the 568, along the current route 68 is proposed to replace the current 168 express as part of the 2021 Service Plan. This plan was delayed until February 2022 to direct resources to reducing passenger pass-ups due to capacity limits during the COVID-19 pandemic.

### Paratransit

VTA Access is the agency's paratransit service, a door-to-door shuttle service available to disabled people that meets the requirements of the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. MV Transportation, a for-profit agency, has been the contract paratransit broker for VTA since November 2016, after the previous broker, Outreach & Escort, was found to be overbilling the agency for its VTA Outreach service.

### Future SJC–Diridon–DAC connector

VTA released a request for information in July 2019 to solicit concepts for a grade-separated system that would connect Diridon Station with the San Jose International Airport (SJC), a distance of approximately 3 miles (4.8 km). Potential SJC airport connector alignments include either an underground route following existing streets, or an aerial route partially along State Route 87. The RFI also asked potential bidders to design a continuation to De Anza College along Stevens Creek Boulevard. One major goal of the RFI was to determine if new technologies could be used to deliver a solution "at significantly lower costs than traditional transit projects."

### Holly Trolley

Sometimes, in the winter, VTA operates a seasonal vintage trolley service called the **Holly Trolley**. This trolley, a joint project of the VTA and the California Trolley and Railroad Corporation, began operations in December 2012. As of December 2019, it operates between Civic Center and Convention Center stations, although it operated to San Jose Diridon station until 2018.

## Facilities

8km
5miles 5 4 3  2  1VTA sites and facilities  * Administration
* Yards

1 VTA Headquarters (3331 N First)
2 Guadalupe \[Light Rail\] (101 W Younger)
3 Cerone (3990 Zanker)
4 North (1235 La Avenida St, Mtn View)
5 Chaboya (2240 S 7th)

The VTA headquarters and administration offices are next to the River Oaks light rail station on North First Street in San Jose. There are four yards, three of which (Cerone, Chaboya, and North) are used for bus storage, with maintenance conducted at Cerone; the other (Guadalupe Yard) is the maintenance and storage facility for the light rail division.

## Highway improvement

Besides providing transit services to residents of Santa Clara County, VTA also manages countywide highway projects that use county sales tax revenues, in conjunction with Caltrans. In this role, VTA was responsible for several highway projects such as widening portions of US 101 between San Jose and Morgan Hill, and Interstate 880 within Santa Clara County. VTA will also be the leading agency in SR 152/SR 156 interchange and future widening projects.

## Footnotes

* McCaleb, Charles S. (1994). *Rails, Roads & Runways: The 20-Year Saga of Santa Clara County's Transportation Agency*. San Jose, CA: Santa Clara County Transportation Agency. ISBN 978-0-9644466-0-1.

## InfoBox

| Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| VTA bus (top) and light rail vehicle (bottom) | |
| Overview | |
| Locale | Santa Clara County, California |
| Transit type | Bus and light rail |
| Number of lines | 70 bus, 3 light rail |
| Number of stations | 62 |
| Daily ridership | 91,400 (weekdays, Q2 2024) |
| Annual ridership | 26,610,000 (2023) |
| Website | vta.org |
| Operation | |
| Began operation | January 1, 1973 (1973-01-01) |
| Technical | |
| System length | 42.2 mi (67.9 km) (light rail) |


title: Seßmarbach

abstract: Seßmarbach is a river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It flows into the Agger near Gummersbach.

text:
# Seßmarbach

**Seßmarbach** is a river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It flows into the Agger near Gummersbach.

## InfoBox

| Seßmarbach | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | North Rhine-Westphalia |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Agger |
| coordinates | 51°00′12″N 7°34′17″E / 51.0034°N 7.5714°E / 51.0034; 7.5714 |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | AggerSiegRhineNorth Sea |


title: Eupithecia subvaticina

abstract: Eupithecia subvaticina is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Iran.

text:
# Eupithecia subvaticina

***Eupithecia subvaticina*** is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Iran.

## InfoBox

| *Eupithecia subvaticina* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Eupithecia* |
| Species: | ***E. subvaticina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eupithecia subvaticina***<br>Vojnits, 1982 | |
|


title: Scopula moralesi

abstract: Scopula moralesi is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in Morocco.

text:
# Scopula moralesi

***Scopula moralesi*** is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in Morocco.

## InfoBox

| *Scopula moralesi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Scopula* |
| Species: | ***S. moralesi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Scopula moralesi***<br>(Rungs, 1945) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Glossotrophia moralesi* Rungs, 1945 | |


title: Cuckoo (2009 film)

abstract: Cuckoo is a 2009 British thriller film starring Laura Fraser, Richard E. Grant, Tamsin Greig, Antonia Bernath and Adam F, set in London, UK. It was created, written, and directed by Richard Bracewell and produced by Richard and Tony Bracewell. The film was cast by Dan Hubbard of the Hubbard casting family and scored by Bafta-nominated composer Andrew Hewitt. Cuckoo is described as a "thriller about sounds and lies". The film tells the story of student Polly who begins to think she is going mad as she starts to hear unexplained sounds.

text:
# Cuckoo (2009 film)

***Cuckoo*** is a 2009 British thriller film starring Laura Fraser, Richard E. Grant, Tamsin Greig, Antonia Bernath and Adam F, set in London, UK. It was created, written, and directed by Richard Bracewell and produced by Richard and Tony Bracewell. The film was cast by Dan Hubbard of the Hubbard casting family and scored by Bafta-nominated composer Andrew Hewitt.

*Cuckoo* is described as a "thriller about sounds and lies". The film tells the story of student Polly (Laura Fraser) who begins to think she is going mad as she starts to hear unexplained sounds.

## Cast

## Production

*Cuckoo* was shot on location in December 2007 and January 2008 in London and Norwich, and in a studio built in a disused grain warehouse in Yarmouth. Filming locations included Berwick Street and Wardour Street in Soho in London.

## Release

The premiere of *Cuckoo* was premiered in September 2009 at the Cambridge Film Festival, where Clive James called the film "masterly and thrilling". Other UK film festival screenings followed at the last Filmstock festival in Luton, attended by Shere Hite who called *Cuckoo* "gripping from beginning to end", and at Glasgow Film Festival in February 2010, after which Scottish arts magazine *The Skinny* wrote that the film was "as tangible a representation of a troubled mind as you are likely to encounter on film".

*Cuckoo* was released in UK cinemas on 17 December 2010 by Verve Pictures and on DVD, Blu-ray and iTunes in the UK by Verve Pictures on 28 February 2011. The discs contained an audio commentary and theatrical trailer as extras.

## Reception

*Cuckoo* divided UK film critics sharply. As of June 2020, the film holds a 10% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on ten reviews with an average rating of 3.4 out of 10. Tim Robey of *The Daily Telegraph* wrote "After a debut as impressive as *The Gigolos*, writer-director Richard Bracewell concocts a dismayingly daft script for this shoestring psychological thriller". David Jenkins in *Time Out* commented that the film was "not particularly exciting or original, especially as it's never made quite clear what all the fuss is about". Andrew Lowry in *Total Film* called it "well-intentioned but fairly undramatic".

In a four-star *Daily Mirror* review, David Edwards wrote that the film was "an unsettling, unconventional ... quite unlike anything our film industry is pumping out these days", adding that "Fraser is superb as a woman who just might be on the verge of a nervous breakdown". In a four-star *Den of Geek* review, Doralba Picerno wrote that *Cuckoo* was "a little gem of a movie ... which will keep you engrossed for its duration and get you to do a lot of thinking about it afterwards. This is independent British cinema at its best, a thought-provoking feature where there are no clear demarcations of either guilt or reality and the atmosphere is rarefied and eerie."

## InfoBox

| Cuckoo | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Richard Bracewell |
| Written by | Richard Bracewell |
| Produced by | Tony Bracewell
Richard Bracewell |
| Starring | Richard E. Grant
Laura Fraser
Tamsin Greig
Antonia Bernath
Adam F |
| Cinematography | Mark Partridge |
| Edited by | Craig Cotterill |
| Music by | Andrew Hewitt |
| Production
company | Punk Cinema |
| Distributed by | Verve Pictures |
| Release dates | * 25 September 2009 (2009-09-25) (Cambridge Film Festival) * 17 December 2010 (2010-12-17) |
| Running time | 89 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |


title: Porter Bibb

abstract: Porter Bibb is an American financier, media producer, and writer. He is best known as the first publisher of Rolling Stone magazine.

text:
# Porter Bibb

**Porter Bibb** (born c. 1937, Louisville, Kentucky) is an American financier, media producer, and writer. He is best known as the first publisher of *Rolling Stone* magazine.

## Biography

Bibb began his career as an investment banker specializing in media, entertainment, and technology ventures. He founded the first investment banking boutique in London  in 1962. He worked on the team that began Bankers Trust's investment banking unit in 1977, which completed over 300 media and entertainment transactions in five years. For over 15 years, he was a senior partner and director of investment banking at Ladenburg Thalmann.

Bibb attended Louisville Male High School and was a member of the Athenaeum Literary Association, a school-sponsored literary and social club. There he got to know another club member, Hunter S. Thompson, who would become an influential counterculture journalist.

Bibb convinced Albert and David Maysles to film the 1969 Woodstock Festival despite the bad weather and the withdrawal of Warner Bros.' financial backing. Bibb also convinced The Rolling Stones to perform at the Altamont Free Concert in 1969, and he produced the 1970 documentary film of the event, *Gimme Shelter*.

As a journalist, Bibb was a White House correspondent for *Newsweek* magazine, the first publisher of *Rolling Stone* magazine, and a corporate development director for The New York Times Company. He was the author of several books, including a best-selling biography of Ted Turner (Random House, 1993 and 1997).

He graduated from Yale University with a B.A. in History and earned graduate certificates from the Harvard Business School and London School of Economics.

Bibb is a direct descendant of the first two governors of Alabama: William Wyatt Bibb (1781–1820) and Thomas Bibb (1783–1839).

## Books authored

* *CB Bible*, Doubleday, 1976
* *Disco Inferno: An Illustrated Novel*, Dolphin, 1979
* *It Ain't As Easy As It Looks: Ted Turner's Amazing Story*, Crown, 1993

## Filmography

* *Gimme Shelter* (1970) – associate producer
* *Year of the Woman* (1973) – producer

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Porter Bibb | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1936 or 1937 (age 87–88)<br>Louisville, Kentucky |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Yale University |
| Occupation | Investment banker |
| Known for | journalist, publisher, film producer, author |
| Spouse | Alexandra Penn Bibb |


title: Santa Monica Stairs

abstract: The "Santa Monica Stairs" refer primarily to a pair of outdoor stairways in California descending to the northwest from Adelaide Drive in Santa Monica, to Santa Monica Canyon in Los Angeles.

text:
# Santa Monica Stairs

The **"Santa Monica Stairs"** refer primarily to a pair of outdoor stairways in California descending to the northwest from Adelaide Drive in Santa Monica, to Santa Monica Canyon in Los Angeles.

## Canyon stairs

The two well-known stairways descend from Santa Monica to Los Angeles (Santa Monica Canyon). The mis-named "7th Street stairway" has its upper end across from 526 Adelaide Drive, and leads down to Entrada Drive, across the street from Amalfi Drive. It consists of 152 wooden steps and 18 concrete steps in a straight path, about 5.5 feet wide, separated by three horizontal landings. Altogether the 170 steps produce an overall vertical change of about 110 feet.

The "4th-street stairway" begins at the intersection of 4th Street and Adelaide, leading down to Ocean Avenue Extension. It consists solely of concrete flights interconnected by right- and left-hand turns. There are 189 steps producing an overall vertical change of about 115 feet.

On the Pacific Palisades side of Santa Monica Canyon is the so-called "secret Mesa stairway", which is much less used although it has more steps than either of the above. The base is on Mesa Road, next to 404 Mesa and about a 10-minute walk from West Channel Road. 201 concrete steps rise about 100 feet to the intersection of Upper Mesa Road and Amalfi Drive. There is no railing except for the topmost 18 steps, so descending requires caution. (The stairs are sometimes incorrectly called the "La Mesa stairs"--La Mesa Drive is elsewhere in Santa Monica, and there is a La Mesa Stairway in the city of La Mesa in San Diego County.)

Public transit access to the Santa Monica Canyon stairs is available via Metro Los Angeles bus 534 and Santa Monica Big Blue Bus line 9.

## Bluffs/beach stairs

Several other lengthy staircases nearby descend from Palisades Park bluffs to overpasses crossing Pacific Coast Highway to the beach:

* The northernmost crossing near Montana Avenue has 172 steps with a vertical change from Palisades Park to the pedestrian path on the beach of about 110 feet.
* Separate ramps, one from the vicinity of Idaho Ave and the other from the top of the California Incline, converge and share the same bridge crossing to the beach, with a vertical change of 105 feet from Idaho, 100 from California. The California route is bicycle-friendly with no steps at all, while the Idaho route has one circular stairway of 41 steps between long sections of ramp.
* One near Arizona Avenue has 115 steps with about 65 feet of vertical change, with the longer inland section made of attractive brick.
* One near Broadway has 83 steps with a vertical change of about 50 feet.

## Controversy

Some area residents have complained that the stairs have become too popular, and attract too many exercisers to the wealthy neighborhood of multi-million-dollar properties.

1. Fleming, Charles (2010). "40". *Secret stairs : a walking guide to the historic staircases of Los Angeles*. Santa Monica, CA: Santa Monica Press. pp. 220–222. ISBN 978-1-59580-941-4. OCLC 664264986.
2. Ben Tracy (February 18, 2009). "Santa Monica's Disputed Steps". CBS News TV report. Retrieved February 24, 2010.
3. "Where the Traffic Median Is a No-Pilates Zone". *New York Times*. 2008-11-25. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
4. "The Most Popular Gym Is the City Itself". *New York Times*. 2010-06-06. Retrieved 2013-09-03.

## InfoBox

| Santa Monica Stairs | |
| --- | --- |
| Stairways | |
| The stairs descending from Adelaide Drive | |
| Steps | * 170 (500 block Adelaide–Entrada) * 189 (4th Ave–Ocean Ave Ext) |
| Height | * 110 feet (34 m) (500 block Adelaide–Entrada) * 115 feet (35 m) (4th Ave–Ocean Ave Ext) |
| Surface | Concrete, wood |
| Location | Santa Monica, California, United States |
| Coordinates: 34°1′55″N 118°30′38″W / 34.03194°N 118.51056°W / 34.03194; -118.51056 | |


title: Cartoon Medley

abstract: Cartoon Medley is a compilation album produced by Kid Rhino and Atlantic Records for Cartoon Network and released on July 6, 1999. First unveiled in early 1999, it serves as a collection of songs from the channel's programs and anthological series, including those from Hanna-Barbera and others like Cow and Chicken and The Powerpuff Girls. In addition to the material, the album also includes six downloadable games and features for the listener. Critically, Cartoon Medley was awarded three out of five stars by AllMusic while "The Powerpuff Girls" was singled out by Billboard's Moira McCormick for being a "breakout" track.

text:
# Cartoon Medley

***Cartoon Medley*** is a compilation album produced by Kid Rhino and Atlantic Records for Cartoon Network and released on July 6, 1999. First unveiled in early 1999, it serves as a collection of songs from the channel's programs and anthological series, including those from Hanna-Barbera and others like *Cow and Chicken* and *The Powerpuff Girls*. In addition to the material, the album also includes six downloadable games and features for the listener. Critically, *Cartoon Medley* was awarded three out of five stars by AllMusic while "The Powerpuff Girls (End Theme)" was singled out by *Billboard*'s Moira McCormick for being a "breakout" track.

## Background and release

Serving as a collection of television theme songs and music from Cartoon Network's programming, *Cartoon Medley* is presented as a fake TV dinner meal. The CD's cover advertises containing "Flaky fried Cow and Chicken, Space Ghost-Zorak-Brak veggies, and \[a\] Yogi gelatin treat". The project was first unveiled in the fourth volume of *Film Score Monthly* in 1999, before being released on July 6, 1999, by Kid Rhino, the children's label of Rhino Entertainment, along with Atlantic Records as both a CD and a cassette tape. Bonus features on the CD-ROM include six downloadable games and children's activities, such as liner notes including the lyrics to the corresponding tracks and samples of video games featured on Cartoon Network's official website.

While creating the compilation album, Cartoon Network's Vice President of Off-Channel Commerce, Jamie Porges, imagined having more material than just the title songs from television series. Long-time fan Craig McCracken, creator of *The Powerpuff Girls* and storyboard artist for *Dexter's Laboratory*, enlisted the help of Scottish band Bis in order to record material; together, they co-created the "End Theme" specifically for *The Powerpuff Girls*. As part of an advertisement campaign for *Cartoon Medley*, individuals were able to access Cartoon Network's official website and listed to snippets of album tracks "Boo Boo, Baba, Dee Dee", "The Powerpuff Girls", and "Josie & the Pussycats".

## Composition

The soundtrack album features a total of 38 songs and has a duration of 35 minutes and 47 seconds. Voice actor Phil Baron served as the executive producer of the project while Don Kitabayashi was the compilation producer. Mastering and supervision of the production were handled by Bob Fisher and Ben Trask, respectively. Beginning and ending the album are short and long versions of Cartoon Network's "Powerhouse" theme song. The themes from Hanna-Barbera's series on *Cartoon Medley* were selected from *Josie & the Pussycats*, *The Flintstones*, *The Jetsons*, *Dastardly and Muttley in Their Flying Machines*. *The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest*, *The Yogi Bear Show*, *The Huckleberry Hound Show*, and *The Quick Draw McGraw Show*. Music from *Johnny Bravo*, *Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!*, *Ed, Edd n Eddy*, *2 Stupid Dogs*, *Underdog*, *Speed Racer*, *SWAT Kats: The Radical Squadron*, *Space Ghost Coast to Coast,* *Cartoon Planet*, *Animaniacs*, *Pinky and the Brain*, *Freakazoid!*, *The Tex Avery Show*, and *I Am Weasel* are also featured on the album.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

AllMusic rated the collection three out of five stars. Additionally, Moira McCormick from *Billboard* considered "The Powerpuff Girls (End Theme)" as the main "breakout track" among the album.

## Track listing

*Cartoon Medley*
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Powerhouse (Short Version)" | Raymond Scott | 0:30 |
| 2. | "Johnny Bravo" | Louis Fagenson | 0:32 |
| 3. | "Boo Boo, Baba, Dee Dee" |  | 1:01 |
| 4. | "The Powerpuff Girls" |  | 1:05 |
| 5. | "The Powerpuff Girls (End Theme)" | * Bis * Venable * Rucker * Chase | 0:38 |
| 6. | "Dexter's Laboratory" | * Pamela Phillips-Oland * Rucker * Chase | 0:31 |
| 7. | "Dexter's Laboratory (Closing)" | * Phillips-Oland * Rucker * Chase | 0:31 |
| 8. | "Dexter's Poem" | * Mary Rutt * Rucker * Chase | 0:32 |
| 9. | "Josie & the Pussycats" |  | 1:01 |
| 10. | "Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!" |  | 1:02 |
| 11. | "(Meet) The Flintstones" |  | 0:38 |
| 12. | "The Jetsons" | * Barbera * Curtin * Hanna | 0:59 |
| 13. | "Cartoon Cartoon" | Steve Mank | 1:02 |
| 14. | "Cow and Chicken" |  | 0:32 |
| 15. | "Legend of Sailcat" | Bill Burnett | 2:18 |
| 16. | "Cow and Chicken's Poem" | * Moon * Rutt | 0:31 |
| 17. | "Pork Butts" | * Deane Taylor * Stuart Hill | 0:32 |
| 18. | "Ed, Edd n Eddy" | Patric Caird | 0:31 |
| 19. | "2 Stupid Dogs" | * Chris Desmond * Tom Seufert | 0:27 |
| 20. | "Underdog" |  | 0:38 |
| 21. | "Speed Racer" |  | 1:07 |
| 22. | "Dastardly and Muttley in Their Flying Machines (Stop That Pigeon!)" | * Barbera * Hanna | 1:13 |
| 23. | "SWAT Kats" | * John Zuker * Matt Muhoberac | 1:02 |
| 24. | "The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest" | * Gary Lionelli * Curtin * Barbera * Hanna | 1:04 |
| 25. | "Space Ghost Coast to Coast" |  | 1:22 |
| 26. | "Cartoon Planet" | Bill Bookheim | 0:32 |
| 27. | "Smells Like Cartoon Planet" |  | 1:35 |
| 28. | "Tom and Jerry" | Scott Bradley | 0:26 |
| 29. | "Animaniacs" |  | 1:09 |
| 30. | "Pinky and the Brain" | * Ruegger * Stone | 1:30 |
| 31. | "Freakazoid" | * Ruegger * Stone | 1:02 |
| 32. | "Yogi Bear" | * Charles Shows * Curtin * Barbera * Hanna | 0:44 |
| 33. | "Huckleberry Hound" | * Shows * Curtin * Barbera * Hanna | 0:42 |
| 34. | "(That's) Quick Draw McGraw" | * Curtin * Barbera * Hanna | 0:46 |
| 35. | "The Tex Avery Show" | * Ann McCarthy * Eddie Horst | 0:31 |
| 36. | "I Am Weasel" |  | 0:31 |
| 37. | "I.M. Weasel's Poem" | * Fulton * Rutt | 0:32 |
| 38. | "Powerhouse (Long Version)" | Scott | 4:37 |
| Total length: | | | 35:47 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | July 6, 1999 | CD | Kid Rhino |
| | | Cassette | |
|

**Works cited**

* Goldmark, Daniel; Taylor, Yuval (2002). *The Cartoon Music Book* (illustrated ed.). Chicago Review Press. ISBN 1569764123.

## InfoBox

| Cartoon Medley | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by various artists | |
| Released | July 6, 1999 (1999-07-06) |
| Genre | Soundtrack |
| Length | 35:47 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |