title: Selfie With Daughter

abstract: Selfie With Daughter was an Indian social media campaign that was launched with an aim to promote the feeling of pride for being parent of a girl child and hence improving child sex ratio in the country. The campaign asked parents to post selfies with their daughters. The campaign later picked other objectives and also endorsed educating girls in India and supporting them with economic freedom.

text:
# Selfie With Daughter

**Selfie With Daughter** was an Indian social media campaign that was launched with an aim to promote the feeling of pride for being parent of a girl child and hence improving child sex ratio in the country. The campaign asked parents to post selfies with their daughters. The campaign later picked other objectives and also endorsed educating girls in India and supporting them with economic freedom.

## History

The campaign was started by Sunil Jaglan, who was a sarpanch at Bibipur - a village in Jind Haryana in 2015 and was later picked and promoted by Prime Minister Narendra Modi through a radio program. An app was also launched by Indian president Pranab Mukherjee to increase awareness around female foeticide in India. In 2019, an all-woman selfie campaign was also launched that focused on single mothers. The campaign saw a lot of participation from North East India. In 2021, the campaign was launched in Nepal in partnership with Nepal Internet Foundation. A Thank You PM program was also launched subsequently that thanked Prime Minister Narendra Modi on father's day for promoting girl child literacy.

The campaign had been mentioned multiple times by Prime Minister at his Mann Ki Baat program. He said in his speech in June 2015,

*"I liked this idea, and that too for a special reason. In Haryana, the number of girls in comparison to boys is dismally low. Around another 100 districts in the country have a similar dismal situation of skewed sex ratio. But it is the worst in Haryana. In that very same Haryana, if a Sarpanch of a small indistinct village lends this meaning to the “Beti Bachao Beti Padhao” programme, then I certainly get overwhelmed."*

and requested the citizens to follow the trend and post a selfie with daughter. In another speech in September, he referred to the campaign as a movement and a silent revolution. Three years later, In November 2018, he continued to talk about the campaign in his program, *"Who would have imagined that a small campaign “selfie with daughter”starting from a small village in Haryana would spread not only throughout the country but also across other countries as well."* Former President Pranab Mukherjee also referred to the campaign as a world-wide movement against female foeticide and sex selection.

## Impact

According to a report published by the Indian government, the campaign worked because it used Failure Bias. It also told people what the norm was and then demonstrated how thousands of others were following the norm. As per The SDG Communicator, the website had more a hundred thousand pictures with twenty seven thousand families participating in 2019.

1. "President launches Selfie with Daughter app: All about it". *India Today*. June 10, 2017. Retrieved 2021-07-25.
2. "Taking pride in girls: the Selfie With Daughter campaign in India". *The SDG Communicator*. 2020-11-17. Retrieved 2021-07-25.
3. "Sanjay Dutt to Victoria Beckham Selfie with daughter campaign". *www.newindianexpress.com*. Retrieved 2021-07-29.
4. "#SelfieWithDaughter: India Celebrates the Girl Child". *Time*. Retrieved 2021-07-25.
5. Singh, Harmeet Shah (2015-06-30). "India's Narendra Modi: Boost up your daughters -- take a selfie". *CNN*. Retrieved 2021-08-22.
6. "All-woman selfie campaign aims at girl child adoption". *Deccan Herald*. 2019-08-04. Retrieved 2021-07-25.
7. "Selfie With Daughter campaign focuses on single mothers". *The Hindu*. 2019-07-30. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2021-07-25.
8. "After success in India, 'Selfie With Daughters' campaign enters Nepal". *The New Indian Express*. Retrieved 2021-07-25.
9. Service, Tribune News. "7-year-old Jind girl starts 'Thank you PM' campaign". *Tribuneindia News Service*. Retrieved 2021-08-22.
10. "English Rendering of Prime Minister's 'Mann ki Baat' address on All India Radio". *www.pmindia.gov.in*. Retrieved 2021-09-28.
11. "English rendering of Text of Prime Minister's 'Mann Ki Baat' on All India Radio on 20th September 2015". *www.pmindia.gov.in*. Retrieved 2021-09-28.
12. "PM's address in 50th episode of Mann Ki Baat". *www.pmindia.gov.in*. Retrieved 2021-09-28.
13. "Shri Pranab Mukherjee: Former President of India". *pranabmukherjee.nic.in*. Retrieved 2021-09-28.
14. "Economic Survey 2018-19" (PDF).
15. DevCom, OECD (2020-11-17). "Taking pride in girls: the Selfie With Daughter campaign in India". *The SDG Communicator*. Retrieved 2021-09-28.


title: Łukasz Rutkowski

abstract: Łukasz Rutkowski is a Polish ski jumper.

text:
# Łukasz Rutkowski

**Łukasz Rutkowski** (born 22 January 1988 in Zakopane) is a Polish ski jumper.

## Personal life

Łukasz Rutkowski was born in Zakopane, Poland. He had an older brother Mateusz (1986–2024), who was a ski jumper too.

In 2017, along with his brother Mateusz, he founded the Rutkow-Ski Sports Club that is dedicated to training children and youth.

## Career

He made his Continental Cup debut in February 2006, his best result being a sixth place from Vikersund in March 2008. He also finished seventh in the normal hill at both the 2006 and 2008 Junior World Championships; at the latter event he also won a bronze medal in the team competition. He made his World Cup debut in January 2008 in Zakopane, and collected his first World Cup points with a 27th place in December 2008 in Engelberg. His best result is a 24th place in January 2009 in Zakopane. At the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 in Liberec, he finished fourth in the team large hill event. Rutkowski finished sixth in the team large hill event at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.

## InfoBox

| Łukasz Rutkowski | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1988-01-22) January 22, 1988<br>Zakopane, Poland |
| Ski club | TS Wisła Zakopane |
| Personal best | 203,5 m (Tauplitz, 2010) |
| World Cup career | |
| Seasons | 2006- |
| Medal record      Representing  Poland  World Junior Championship  2008 Zakopane Team NH | |
| Updated on 22 February 2014. | |


title: Calliandra glyphoxylon

abstract: Calliandra glyphoxylon is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.

text:
# Calliandra glyphoxylon

***Calliandra glyphoxylon*** is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.

## InfoBox

| *Calliandra glyphoxylon* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Caesalpinioideae |
| *Clade*: | Mimosoid clade |
| Genus: | *Calliandra* |
| Species: | ***C. glyphoxylon*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Calliandra glyphoxylon***
Spruce ex Benth. | |
|


title: Tõnis Kõiv

abstract: Tõnis Kõiv is an Estonian politician and lawyer who represented the Estonian Reform Party in the Riigikogu from 2005 to 2015.

text:
# Tõnis Kõiv

**Tõnis Kõiv** (born 29 October 1970, in Paide) is an Estonian politician and lawyer who represented the Estonian Reform Party in the Riigikogu from 2005 to 2015.

## Education

Kõiv graduated from Koeru Secondary School in 1989 and from the Faculty of Law of the University of Tartu in 1995. He studied on Master's degree level in the University of Tartu's European University in 2000-2003. Finished the Data Protection Officer at Expert level course in TalTech, Dec 2018.

## Career

Kõiv worked as a driver on Koeru state farm from 1989 to 1993, as a lawyer in Paide Piimakombinaat AS from 1993 to 1996, as well as the mayor of Paide from 1996 to 2004. He also was the Managing Director of OÜ Agenor from 2004 to 2005, worked as a lawyer at YourOffice from 2016 to 2017. Worked as the Estonian Reform Party secretary general since February 7th 2017 to March 9th 2018. Works at Youroffice from 2018 April as a lawyer.

## Political career

Kõiv has been a member of the Estonian Reform Party since 4 June 1996. He was a member of the Reform Party's Management Board on and off again from 1999 to 2013. Kõiv, a member of the Reform Party elected in 2013, did not stand.

He was a member Riigikogu elected from Järva and Viljandi counties from 2005 to 2015. He stood for reelection in 2015, but was not reelected.

Kõiv was, at various points, the chairman of the Environment Committee, Deputy Chairman of the State Audit Office, and currently chair of the Estonian delegation to the IPU (International Union of Interparliamentary Allies), chairman of the Estonian-Czech relations Parliamentary Group.

On 10 February 2017, Kõiv was voted the secretary general of the Reform Party, which he began on 1 March 2017. He resigned on 9 March 2018 after Chairman of the Party proposal.

## Social activities

Kõiv has been a member of the Committee of the Regions of the European Union from 2003 to 2004, chairman of the Association of Estonian Cities from 1999 to 2004, and the chairman of the Association of Local Authorities of Järva County from 1999 to 2002.

He was a founding member of the Paide Chamber of the International Chamber of Commerce, a member of the Board of the State Forest Management Center, a member of the Council of AS Teede Tehnokeskus and a member of the Tallinn Rotary Club. He is the president of international networking organisation (BNI) North Star Tallinn chapter.

## Awards

* 2003: Järva County Order of Honour


title: SuperTerminal 1

abstract: SuperTerminal 1 is the largest multi-level air cargo terminal in the world located at southeast corner of the Hong Kong International Airport in Chek Lap Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong. It has the area of over 170,000 m⁲ (1,800,000 sq ft) and consists of "Main Terminal Building" and "Express Centre". It is now owned and operated by Hong Kong Air Cargo Terminals Limited (HACTL). It was designed by British architect Sir Norman Foster and built in 1998. The building cost US$1 billion and can handle 3,500,000 tonnes of cargo per year.

text:
# SuperTerminal 1

**SuperTerminal 1** (Chinese: 超級一號貨站) is the largest multi-level air cargo terminal in the world located at southeast corner of the Hong Kong International Airport in Chek Lap Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong. It has the area of over 170,000 m2 (1,800,000 sq ft) and consists of "Main Terminal Building" and "Express Centre". It is now owned and operated by Hong Kong Air Cargo Terminals Limited (HACTL).

It was designed by British architect Sir Norman Foster and built in 1998. The building cost US$1 billion and can handle 3,500,000 tonnes (3,400,000 long tons; 3,900,000 short tons) of cargo per year.


title: Break the Line

abstract: "Break the Line" is a 2004 song by the Guano Apes from their greatest hits album Planet of the Apes, released on October 24, 2004. It was one of the three new songs recorded for the album, however it was the only one that made it to the album, the two outtakes from the album "Stay" and "Underwear" instead became B-sides for the single. The music video shows the band performing in a room plus with some elements of split screen. It was the last single by the Guano Apes before their four-year hiatus beginning in 2005; their next single "Oh What a Night" was released in 2011.

text:
# Break the Line

"**Break the Line**" is a 2004 song by the Guano Apes from their greatest hits album *Planet of the Apes*, released on October 24, 2004. It was one of the three new songs recorded for the album, however it was the only one that made it to the album, the two outtakes from the album "Stay" and "Underwear" instead became B-sides for the single. The music video shows the band performing in a room plus with some elements of split screen. It was the last single by the Guano Apes before their four-year hiatus beginning in 2005; their next single "Oh What a Night" was released in 2011.

## Track listing

### CD single

1. Break the Line – 3:33
2. Scratch the Pitch (Live, recorded at Palladium, Cologne, 2 May 2003) – 3:33
3. Break the Line (G-Ball & Kaa Remix) – 3:47

### CD single 2

1. Break the Line – 3:33
2. Stay – 3:48
3. Underwear – 3:28
4. Scratch the Pitch (Live, recorded at Palladium, Cologne, 2 May 2003) – 3:33
5. Break the Line (G-Ball & Kaa Remix) – 3:47

## Charts

| Chart | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Germany | 45 |

## InfoBox

| "Break the Line" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Guano Apes | |
| from the album  *Planet of the Apes* | |
| Released | October 24, 2004 (2004-10-24) |
| Recorded | 2004 |
| Genre | Alternative rock, nu metal, post-grunge |
| Label | Supersonic |
| Songwriter(s) | Guano Apes |
| Producer(s) | Guano Apes |
| Guano Apes singles chronology | |
| "Quietly"
(2003) "**Break the Line**"
(2004) "Oh What a Night"
(2011) | |


title: Cadbury chocolate factory, Toronto

abstract: The Cadbury chocolate factory is a five-story building located on Gladstone Avenue in Toronto. It was constructed by William Neilson in 1906 and produces all Cadbury's products sold in Canada.

text:
# Cadbury chocolate factory, Toronto

The **Cadbury chocolate factory** is a five-story building located on Gladstone Avenue in Toronto. It was constructed by William Neilson in 1906 and produces all Cadbury's products sold in Canada.

## Location and building

The five-story factory is located at 277 Gladstone Avenue, in the Little Portugal neighbourhood of Toronto.

## History and ownership

The factory was constructed and opened in 1906 by William Neilson of William Neilson Limited. It was purchased in 1996 by Cadbury. As of 2014, it was owned by Cadbuy's parent company Mondelez International.

Ed Pizale was the factory manager in 2010, Dave Heaven managed the factory in October 2014.

The factory received a $37 million renovation in 2019.

## Activities

The cooking processes in the factory are all completely automated. The factory manufactures 500 million chocolate bars per year, producing every Cadbury product sold in Canada. Products made include Crunchie, Wunderbar, Mr. Big, Caramilk, Mini Eggs, Dairy Milk, Cream Egg, and Crispy Crunch.

In 2010, the factory employed 400 staff.

43°39′5″N 79°25′47″W / 43.65139°N 79.42972°W / 43.65139; -79.42972


title: Pleiocarpa pycnantha

abstract: Pleiocarpa pycnantha is a plant in the family Apocynaceae.

text:
# Pleiocarpa pycnantha

***Pleiocarpa pycnantha*** is a plant in the family Apocynaceae.

## Description

*Pleiocarpa pycnantha* grows as a shrub or tree. Its fragrant flowers feature a white to creamy-yellow corolla. The fruit is yellow-orange to red with paired follicles, each up to 2 centimetres (1 in) long.

## Distribution and habitat

*Pleiocarpa pycnantha* is native to an area of Africa from Sudan south to Mozambique and in parts of West Africa. Its habitat is evergreen forest from sea level to 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) altitude.

## InfoBox

| *Pleiocarpa pycnantha* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Apocynaceae |
| Genus: | *Pleiocarpa* |
| Species: | ***P. pycnantha*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pleiocarpa pycnantha***
(K.Schum) Stapf | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| List * *Hunteria breviloba* Hallier f. * *Hunteria pycnantha* K.Schum * *Pleiocarpa bagshawei* S.Moore * *Pleiocarpa breviloba* (Hallier f.) Stapf * *Pleiocarpa flavescens* Stapf * *Pleiocarpa micrantha* Stapf * *Pleiocarpa microcarpa* Stapf * *Pleiocarpa swynnertonii* S.Moore * *Pleiocarpa tubicina* Stapf * *Pleiocarpa welwitschii* Stapf ex Hiern | |


title: Daniel R. von Recklinghausen

abstract: Daniel R. von Recklinghausen was an electrical engineer. He graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1951 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering. He was a member of Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Xi, and Eta Kappa Nu fraternities. Daniel was recruited straight out of MIT by Hermon Hosmer Scott, who was a professor of electrical engineering at MIT, as a chief research engineer. Von Recklinghausen was immediately put to work on the redesign of the Scott 310 FM tuner. All subsequent tuners, are in electronic terms, "DVR designs." Daniel also worked closely with Fairchild Semiconductors, and made extensive use of its product line, or whatever Robert Noyce suggested might work, as HH Scott transitioned to the use of IC's in its intermediate frequency stages, in mid 1965. It was the work with Noyce and Fairchild that led to Von Recklinghausen's patent in FET intensification. As the fortunes of HH Scott declined, Von Recklinghausen's final effort for the company was to design a line of products that could be manufactured in Japan. It was too little, too late to save the company from receivership. HH Scott Inc., was purchased outright by its Belgian licensee in 1973. At that time, Von Recklinghausen began working closely with Advent on the design of the FM tuner that was featured in its popular Advent 300 Receiver. Von Recklinghausen later worked at Electro Audio Dynamics, beginning in 1973. In 1975, he was appointed Vice President of Research and Development for KLH, where he patented computer controlled loudspeakers. He was a member of the National Stereophonic Radio Committee. He served the Audio Engineering Society (AES) as president in 1967, and was the journal editor from 1991-2004. Von Recklinghausen was an author of numerous articles and publications, and held 24 patents. He was also an avid photographer.

text:
# Daniel R. von Recklinghausen

**Daniel R. von Recklinghausen** (January 22, 1925, New York City – August 22, 2011) was an electrical engineer.

He graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1951 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering. He was a member of Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Xi, and Eta Kappa Nu fraternities.

Daniel (or DVR as he was known) was recruited straight out of MIT by Hermon Hosmer Scott, who was a professor of electrical engineering at MIT, as a chief research engineer. (However, there was little doubt that DVR was in every sense, the chief engineer.) Von Recklinghausen was immediately put to work on the redesign of the Scott 310 FM tuner. All subsequent tuners, are in electronic terms, "DVR designs." Daniel also worked closely with Fairchild Semiconductors, and made extensive use of its product line, or whatever Robert Noyce suggested might work, as HH Scott transitioned to the use of IC's in its intermediate frequency stages, in mid 1965.

It was the work with Noyce and Fairchild that led to Von Recklinghausen's patent in FET intensification.

As the fortunes of HH Scott declined, Von Recklinghausen's final effort for the company was to design a line of products that could be manufactured in Japan. It was too little, too late to save the company from receivership.

HH Scott Inc., was purchased outright by its Belgian licensee in 1973. (The company was eventually sold to Emerson Electronics.) At that time, Von Recklinghausen began working closely with Advent on the design of the FM tuner that was featured in its popular Advent 300 Receiver.

Von Recklinghausen later worked at Electro Audio Dynamics, beginning in 1973. In 1975, he was appointed Vice President of Research and Development for KLH, where he patented computer controlled loudspeakers. He was a member of the National Stereophonic Radio Committee. He served the Audio Engineering Society (AES) as president in 1967, and was the journal editor from 1991-2004.

Von Recklinghausen was an author of numerous articles and publications, and held 24 patents. He was also an avid photographer.

## Awards


title: German submarine U-1198

abstract: German submarine U-1198 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was ordered on 25 August 1941, and was laid down on 13 March 1943 at F Schichau GmbH, Danzig, as yard number 1568. She was launched on 30 September 1943 and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Gerhard Peters on 9 December 1943.

text:
# German submarine U-1198

**German submarine *U-1198*** was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's *Kriegsmarine* during World War II.

She was ordered on 25 August 1941, and was laid down on 13 March 1943 at F Schichau GmbH, Danzig, as yard number 1568. She was launched on 30 September 1943 and commissioned under the command of *Oberleutnant zur See* Gerhard Peters on 9 December 1943.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. *U-1198* had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8-276 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). *U-1198* was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes or 26 TMA mines, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one 3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42 and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between 44 — 52 men.

## Service history

On 8 May 1945, *U-1198* surrendered at Cuxhaven, Germany. She was later transferred to Loch Ryan, Scotland, from Wilhelmshaven on 24 June 1945. Of the 156 U-boats that eventually surrendered to the Allied forces at the end of the war, *U-1198* was one of 116 selected to take part in Operation Deadlight. *U-1198* was towed out on 17 December 1945, and sunk.

The wreck is located at 56°14′N 10°37′W / 56.233°N 10.617°W / 56.233; -10.617.

## Bibliography

* Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). *German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary*. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-186-6.
* Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). *Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945* \[*German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945*\]. Der U-Boot-Krieg (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler. ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.
* Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). *German Warships 1815–1945, U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels*. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-593-4.

## InfoBox

| *U-570* Type VIIC submarine that was captured by the British in 1941. This U-boat is almost identical to *U-1198*. | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Nazi Germany | |
| Name | *U-1198* |
| Ordered | 25 August 1941 |
| Builder | F Schichau GmbH, Danzig |
| Yard number | 1568 |
| Laid down | 13 March 1943 |
| Launched | 30 September 1943 |
| Commissioned | 9 December 1943 |
| Fate | Surrendered on 8 May 1945; sunk as part of Operation Deadlight on 17 December 1945 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Type VIIC submarine |
| Displacement |  |
| Length |  |
| Beam | * 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in) o/a * 4.70 m (15 ft 5 in) pressure hull |
| Height | 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in) |
| Draught | 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in) |
| Installed power | * 2,800–3,200 PS (2,100–2,400 kW; 2,800–3,200 bhp) (diesels) * 750 PS (550 kW; 740 shp) (electric) |
| Propulsion |  |
| Speed | * 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) surfaced * 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph) submerged |
| Range | * 8,500 nmi (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced * 80 nmi (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged |
| Test depth | * 220 m (720 ft) * Crush depth: 250–295 m (820–968 ft) |
| Complement | 4 officers, 44–52 enlisted |
| Armament |  |
| Service record | |
| Part of: |  |
| Identification codes: | M 40 935 |
| Commanders: | * *Oblt.z.S.* Gerhard Peters * 9 December 1943 – 8 May 1945 |
| Operations: | None |
| Victories: | None |


abstract: Świątkowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Baruchowo, within Włocławek County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Baruchowo, 21 km (13 mi) south-east of Włocławek, and 72 km (45 mi) south-east of Toruń.

text:
# Świątkowice, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

**Świątkowice** (Polish: \[ɕfjɔntkɔˈvit͡sɛ\]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Baruchowo, within Włocławek County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Baruchowo, 21 km (13 mi) south-east of Włocławek, and 72 km (45 mi) south-east of Toruń.

## InfoBox

| Świątkowice | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Świątkowice | |
| Coordinates: 52°30′N 19°13′E / 52.500°N 19.217°E / 52.500; 19.217 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Włocławek |
| Gmina | Baruchowo |


title: Camactulici

abstract: The Camactulici were a Gallic tribe dwelling around modern Toulon during the Iron Age.

text:
# Camactulici

The **Camactulici** were a Gallic tribe dwelling around modern Toulon during the Iron Age.

## Name

The Camactulici are solely attested by Pliny as *Camactulicorum* in the 1st century AD.

## Geography

Pliny describes the territory of the Camactulici as located near Citharista (La Ciotat) and the Suelteri. They appear to have lived in the region of modern Toulon, their territory corresponding to the later *pagus Tolonensis* of the Early Middle Ages and the Diocese of Toulon.

According to history Guy Barruol, they were part of the Salluvian confederation.

## Bibliography

* Barruol, Guy (1969). *Les Peuples préromains du Sud-Est de la Gaule: étude de géographie historique*. E. de Boccard. OCLC 3279201.


title: Queen: The Story of an American Family

abstract: Queen: The Story of an American Family is a 1993 partly factual historical novel by Alex Haley and David Stevens. It brought back to the consciousness of many white Americans the plight of the children of the plantation: the offspring of black slave women and their white masters, who were legally the property of their fathers. A miniseries adaptation called Alex Haley's Queen and starring Halle Berry in the title role aired on CBS on February 14, 1993.

text:
# Queen: The Story of an American Family

***Queen: The Story of an American Family*** is a 1993 partly factual historical novel by Alex Haley and David Stevens.

It brought back to the consciousness of many white Americans the plight of the children of the plantation: the offspring of black slave women and their white masters, who were legally the property of their fathers.

A miniseries adaptation called *Alex Haley's Queen* and starring Halle Berry in the title role aired on CBS on February 14, 1993.

## Historical background

The noted author Alex Haley (1921–1992) was the grandson of Queen, the illegitimate and unacknowledged daughter of James "Jass" Jackson III (the son of a friend, but not a relative, of Andrew Jackson) and Easter, a slave he owned.

The novel recounts Queen's anguished early years as an slaved girl, longing to know who her father was, and how it gradually dawned on her that he was her owner. After the American Civil War of 1861 to 1865 and the subsequent abolition of slavery, Queen was cast out. Jass Jackson would not acknowledge her as his daughter, afraid of compromising the inheritance of his legitimate children and goaded by his wife, who despised Queen. After many adventures, often unpleasant, she married a reasonably successful formerly enslaved man by the name of Alec Haley, and had one son with him (Simon Haley). Alec and Queen each had a son from previous relationships.

Simon Haley later went to attend Lane College in Jackson, Tennessee and earned his master's degree at Cornell University. He then went on become Dean of Agriculture of Alabama A&M University. He then met his wife, Bertha Palmer, and gave his mother, Queen Jackson Haley, three grand children: George, who became a lawyer, Julius, an architect, and Alex who became a writer.

Alex Haley, her grandson, was unable to finish writing *Queen* before he died, and it was completed by David Stevens. While Stevens benefited from the many boxes of research notes and a 700-page outline of the story left behind by Haley, he would later say that his writing was guided mainly by their many long conversations.

## Haley lineage

Subsequent DNA testing of Alex Haley's nephew Chris Haley revealed that Alec Haley, Alex's paternal grandfather (and Queen Haley's husband) was most likely descended from Scottish ancestors via William Harwell Baugh, an overseer of an Alabama slave plantation.

## InfoBox

Queen: The Story of an American Family
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Alex Haley<br>David Stevens |
| Genre | Historical fiction |
| Published | 1993 |
| Publisher | William Morrow |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print |


title: SuperTrain (exhibition)

abstract: SuperTrain is a model train exhibition held in Calgary, Alberta. Held since 1994, it has referred to itself as being the largest model train show in Canada. It is typically held at the Genesis Centre in northeast Calgary. Both the 2020 and 2021 editions of the event were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta, with organizers having cancelled the 2021 edition as conditions "do not look to be sufficiently better".

text:
# SuperTrain (exhibition)

**SuperTrain** (stylized **SUPERTRAIN**, formerly the **Calgary Model Train** **Show**) is a model train exhibition held in Calgary, Alberta. Held since 1994, it has referred to itself as being the largest model train show in Canada. It is typically held at the Genesis Centre in northeast Calgary.

Both the 2020 and 2021 editions of the event were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta, with organizers having cancelled the 2021 edition as conditions "do not look to be sufficiently better".

## Exhibition

The show currently runs out of the Genesis Centre in Calgary and previously at the Calgary Stampede Grounds.

SuperTrain exhibits displays made by clubs, individuals as well as commercial shops. The show charges entry to the public. In addition to the exhibits, the show also gives demonstration on how to create dioramas and full train displays. The displays range in size and in gauge. In 2016 Supertrain had from Z scale up to 7.5" gauge displays many of which are in working order. SuperTrain exhibits are judged by the public and official judges appointed by the committee. There are monetary prizes given out at the annual dinner.

### Clubs that are usually at the show

* Alberta Model Engineering Society
* Iron Horse Park Airdrie offers ride on train rides
* O Scale Guild
* Rocky Mountain Garden Railway
* Edmonton N-Scalers - ESMRE
* Calgary LEGO Train Club
* Calgary Free-mo
* Calgary Model Trainmen
* Calgary Model Railway Society
* Carbon Railroad
* Calgary N-Scale Traksters Society (Cantrak)
* Bow Valley Model Railroad Club

### Commercial Entities that come to the show

## External websites


title: Brick Breeden

abstract: John William "Brick" Breeden was a college basketball coach and player. He was a player from 1926 to 1929, and the head coach at Montana State College in Bozeman from 1935 to 1954. Born in Oyer, Missouri, Breeden moved to Montana with his family in 1918, and they settled in Bozeman two years later. He graduated from Gallatin County High School in 1925 and then attended Montana State College. As a star basketball player, he helped lead the Bobcats to the Helms Foundation national championship in 1929. Breeden was also student body president and a member of Sigma Chi fraternity. He returned to the university in 1933 and was an assistant for two years. He coached Montana State to a 283–196 (.591) record and one NCAA tournament appearance, in 1951. After stepping down as head coach in 1954, he was the athletic director, then the career placement director until retirement in 1971. After MSU, Breeden was a state senator for one term (1972–1974), but did not pursue a second due to health concerns. He died at his Bozeman home of natural causes at age 73 in 1977; the Brick Breeden Fieldhouse at MSU was named in his honor in 1981.

text:
# Brick Breeden

**John William** "**Brick**" **Breeden** (January 4, 1904 – August 13, 1977) was a college basketball coach and player. He was a player from 1926 to 1929, and the head coach at Montana State College (now University) in Bozeman from 1935 to 1954.

Born in Oyer, Missouri, Breeden moved to Montana with his family in 1918, and they settled in Bozeman two years later. He graduated from Gallatin County High School in 1925 and then attended Montana State College. As a star basketball player, he helped lead the Bobcats to the Helms Foundation national championship in 1929. Breeden was also student body president and a member of Sigma Chi fraternity.

He returned to the university in 1933 and was an assistant for two years. He coached Montana State to a 283–196 (.591) record and one NCAA tournament appearance, in 1951. After stepping down as head coach in 1954, he was the athletic director, then the career placement director until retirement in 1971.

After MSU, Breeden was a state senator for one term (1972–1974), but did not pursue a second due to health concerns. He died at his Bozeman home of natural causes at age 73 in 1977; the Brick Breeden Fieldhouse at MSU was named in his honor in 1981.

## Head coaching record

Statistics overview
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Montana State Bobcats**  *(Mountain States Conference)* (1935–1937) | | | | | | | | |
| 1935–36 | Montana State | 11–8 | 5–7 | 3rd |  |
| 1936–37 | Montana State | 17–10 | 10–5 | T-1st |  |
| **Montana State Bobcats**  *(Independent)* (1937–1943) | | | | | | | | |
| 1937–38 | Montana State | 22–5 |  |  |  |
| 1938–39 | Montana State | 18–11 |  |  |  |
| 1939–40 | Montana State | 10–16 |  |  |  |
| 1940–41 | Montana State | 13–12 |  |  |  |
| 1941–42 | Montana State | 14–8 |  |  |  |
| 1942–43 | Montana State | 17–5 |  |  |  |
| **Montana State Bobcats**  *(Independent)* (1944–1947) | | | | | | | | |
| 1944–45 | Montana State | 10–14 |  |  |  |
| 1945–46 | Montana State | 17–10 |  |  | NAIA First Round |
| 1946–47 | Montana State | 25–11 |  |  | NAIA First Round |
| **Montana State Bobcats**  *(Independent)* (1948–1954) | | | | | | | | |
| 1948–49 | Montana State | 14–15 |  |  |  |
| 1949–50 | Montana State | 20–12 |  |  | NAIA First Round |
| 1950–51 | Montana State | 24–12 |  |  | NCAA first round |
| 1951–52 | Montana State | 22–14 |  |  | NAIA Second Round |
| 1952–53 | Montana State | 11–24 |  |  |  |
| 1953–54 | Montana State | 18–11 |  |  | NAIA First Round |
| **Montana State:** | | 283–198 (.588) | 15–12 (.556) |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 283–198 (.588) |  | | | | | | |
| National champion         Postseason invitational champion
Conference regular season champion          Conference regular season and conference tournament champion
Division regular season champion       Division regular season and conference tournament champion
Conference tournament champion | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Brick Breeden
| Breeden from the 1928 *Montanan* | |
| --- | --- |
| Biographical details | |
| Born | (1904-01-04)January 4, 1904
Oyer, Missouri, U.S. |
| Died | August 13, 1977(1977-08-13) (aged 73)
Bozeman, Montana, U.S. |
| Playing career | |
| 1926–1929 | Montana State |
|  | |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1935–1947 | Montana State |
| 1948–1954 | Montana State |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 283–198 (.588) |
| Tournaments | NCAA: 0–1 (.000) |
| Accomplishments and honors | |
| Championships | |
| Helms Foundation national champion (1929) | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Cadbury Snowflake

abstract: Cadbury Snowflake was a chocolate bar manufactured by Cadbury. Launched in August 2000, it was a crumbly flaked white chocolate inside covered in smooth milk chocolate, a white chocolate-centred version of the Twirl. Weighing approximately 32 g, producing a small bite size bars, it was produced and sold in the United Kingdom and Ireland. In 2003 the chocolate was renamed Flake Snow and was discontinued in 2008. It was subsequently launched for the first time in Australia in 2015.

text:
# Cadbury Snowflake

**Cadbury Snowflake** was a chocolate bar manufactured by Cadbury.

Launched in August 2000, it was a crumbly flaked white chocolate inside covered in smooth milk chocolate, a white chocolate-centred version of the Twirl. Weighing approximately 32 g, producing a small bite size bars, it was produced and sold in the United Kingdom and Ireland. In 2003 the chocolate was renamed Flake Snow and was discontinued in 2008. It was subsequently launched for the first time in Australia in 2015.

## Turner Bovey wedding

Snowflake was promoted at the wedding of TV presenter Anthea Turner and her husband Grant Bovey. Having agreed to an exclusive £300,000 deal for photographs of the wedding reception to be published in *OK! magazine*, pictures showed the couple (apparently) publicizing Snowflake. *OK! magazine* issued the photo to the media with the caption, *"ANTHEA TURNER AND GRANT BOVEY exclusive OK! wedding photograph, enjoying Cadbury's new Snowflake. For the complete wedding coverage and a free Cadburys Snowflake, buy OK! magazine this weekend."* *The Sun*, was the only newspaper to use the photo despite describing it as 'the most sickening wedding photo ever'.


title: Pleosphaeria

abstract: Pleosphaeria is a genus of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown.

text:
# Pleosphaeria

***Pleosphaeria*** is a genus of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown (*incertae sedis*).

## InfoBox

| *Pleosphaeria* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Subdivision: | Pezizomycotina |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes |
| Order: | *incertae sedis* |
| Family: | *incertae sedis* |
| Genus: | ***Pleosphaeria***<br>J. Reid & C. Booth |
|


title: Tandy Clinton Rice Jr.

abstract: Tandy Clinton Rice Jr. was an American talent agent who was instrumental in propelling and managing the careers of many well-known country stars including Dolly Parton, Tom T. Hall, Porter Wagoner, Jim Ed Brown, Jeannie C. Riley and comedian Jerry Clower. He served as president of the Country Music Association and was the first inductee into the Nashville Association of Talent Directors Hall of Fame. Born in Franklin, Tennessee, he was a star athlete at Franklin High School winning a state championship in the mile relay and is a member of the school's Athletic Hall of Fame; after briefly attending Vanderbilt University he graduated from The Citadel in 1961 and was commissioned into the United States Air Force serving for two years as a Public Affairs Officer with the Strategic Air Command. He was encouraged to enter the country music business by a distant cousin, country star Minnie Pearl; he began as a publicist representing artists such as Waylon Jennings, Chet Atkins, Kitty Wells and Hank Williams Jr. As a salesman for Show Biz, Inc. he convinced TV stations to carry syndicated country music shows, most notably “The Porter Wagoner Show” which was the launching pad for Dolly Parton's career; in 1971 he became president of Top Billing International, which he developed into one of Nashville's leading talent agencies representing many well-known country stars. Rice launched the career of Jerry Clower, who became one of the best-known American comedians of the 1970s, selling millions of albums; he also turned Billy Carter, brother of President Jimmy Carter into a major national celebrity. In addition to his talent management, Rice served as the longtime host of radio and TV shows in Nashville, served twice as a judge for the Miss America pageant and was profiled in numerous major publications, including People Magazine, The Washington Post, Playboy, Newsweek Magazine and The New York Times. He served as a member of the Nashville Chamber of Commerce and for many years hosted the annual United Cerebral Palsy Telethon. Rice received a master's degree from Vanderbilt and an honorary doctorate from The Citadel; he also served as an adjunct professor of music business at Belmont University and member of the business advisory council at Lipscomb University.

text:
# Tandy Clinton Rice Jr.

**Tandy Clinton Rice Jr.** (August 16, 1938 – August 3, 2015) was an American talent agent who was instrumental in propelling and managing the careers of many well-known country stars including Dolly Parton, Tom T. Hall, Porter Wagoner, Jim Ed Brown, Jeannie C. Riley and comedian Jerry Clower. He served as president of the Country Music Association and was the first inductee into the Nashville Association of Talent Directors Hall of Fame.

Born in Franklin, Tennessee, he was a star athlete at Franklin High School winning a state championship in the mile relay and is a member of the school's Athletic Hall of Fame; after briefly attending Vanderbilt University he graduated from The Citadel in 1961 and was commissioned into the United States Air Force serving for two years as a Public Affairs Officer with the Strategic Air Command. He was encouraged to enter the country music business by a distant cousin, country star Minnie Pearl; he began as a publicist representing artists such as Waylon Jennings, Chet Atkins, Kitty Wells and Hank Williams Jr. As a salesman for Show Biz, Inc. he convinced TV stations to carry syndicated country music shows, most notably “The Porter Wagoner Show” which was the launching pad for Dolly Parton's career; in 1971 he became president of Top Billing International, which he developed into one of Nashville's leading talent agencies representing many well-known country stars. Rice launched the career of Jerry Clower, who became one of the best-known American comedians of the 1970s, selling millions of albums; he also turned Billy Carter, brother of President Jimmy Carter into a major national celebrity.

In addition to his talent management, Rice served as the longtime host of radio and TV shows in Nashville, served twice as a judge for the Miss America pageant and was profiled in numerous major publications, including *People Magazine*, *The Washington Post*, *Playboy*, *Newsweek Magazine* and *The New York Times*. He served as a member of the Nashville Chamber of Commerce and for many years hosted the annual United Cerebral Palsy Telethon.

Rice received a master's degree from Vanderbilt and an honorary doctorate from The Citadel; he also served as an adjunct professor of music business at Belmont University and member of the business advisory council at Lipscomb University.


title: German submarine U-119 (1942)

abstract:
German submarine U-119 was a Type XB minelaying U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.
She was laid down at the Germaniawerft in Kiel on 15 May 1940 as yard number 624. She was launched on 6 January 1942 and commissioned under Kapitänleutnant Alois Zech on 2 April 1942, he was replaced by Kptlt. Horst-Tessen von Kameke on 15 April 1943, who remained in command until her loss. U-119's service career began with the 4th U-boat Flotilla on 2 April 1942 where she underwent training. She was declared operational on 1 February 1943 when she moved over to the 12th flotilla.

text:
# German submarine U-119 (1942)

**German submarine *U-119*** was a Type XB minelaying U-boat of Nazi Germany's *Kriegsmarine* during World War II. She was laid down at the Germaniawerft in Kiel on 15 May 1940 as yard number 624. She was launched on 6 January 1942 and commissioned under *Kapitänleutnant* Alois Zech on 2 April 1942, he was replaced by *Kptlt.* Horst-Tessen von Kameke on 15 April 1943, who remained in command until her loss.

*U-119*'s service career began with the 4th U-boat Flotilla on 2 April 1942 where she underwent training. She was declared operational on 1 February 1943 when she moved over to the 12th flotilla.

## Operational career

The boat made a short run from Kiel to Frederikshaven in Denmark and back from 4 to 10 August 1942.

### First patrol

Her first patrol commenced with her departure from Kiel on 6 February 1943. She crossed the North Sea and skirted the northern coast of Iceland, arriving at Bordeaux in occupied France on 1 April.

### Second patrol and loss

*U-119* was unsuccessfully attacked on 29 April 1943 by a Short Sunderland flying boat of 461 Squadron RAAF (Royal Australian Air Force). The boat sustained no damage but one man was killed.

She sank *Halma* on 3 June east of Halifax, Nova Scotia and damaged *John A. Poor* on 27 July. Both ships were attacked with mines laid by *U-119* on 1 June.

*U-119* was sunk by a combination of depth charges, gunfire and ramming from HMS *Starling* on 24 June 1943.

## Summary of raiding history

| Date | Name | Nationality | Tonnage
(GRT) | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 3 June 1943 | *Halma* | Panama | 2,937 | Sunk (Mine) |
| 28 July 1943 | *John A. Poor* | United States | 7,176 | Damaged (Mine) |

## Bibliography

* Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). *German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary*. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-186-6.
* Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). *Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945* \[*German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945*\]. Der U-Boot-Krieg (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler. ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.
* Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). *U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels*. German Warships 1815–1945. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-593-4.
* Kemp, Paul (1999). *U-Boats Destroyed - German Submarine Losses in the World Wars*. London: Arms & Armour. ISBN 1-85409-515-3.

* Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type X boat U-119". *German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net*. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
* Hofmann, Markus. "*U 119*". *Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de* (in German). Retrieved 6 December 2014.

44°59′N 12°24′W / 44.983°N 12.400°W / 44.983; -12.400

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Nazi Germany | |
| Name | *U-119* |
| Ordered | 7 August 1939 |
| Builder | Germaniawerft, Kiel |
| Yard number | 624 |
| Laid down | 15 May 1940 |
| Launched | 6 January 1942 |
| Commissioned | 2 April 1942 |
| Fate | Sunk on 24 June 1943 by a British warship |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Type X submarine minelayer |
| Displacement | * 1,763 tonnes (1,735 long tons) surfaced * 2,177 tonnes (2,143 long tons) submerged |
| Length |  |
| Beam | * 9.20 m (30 ft 2 in) o/a * 4.75 m (15 ft 7 in) pressure hull |
| Height | 10.20 m (33 ft 6 in) |
| Draught | 4.71 m (15 ft 5 in) |
| Propulsion |  |
| Speed | * 16.4–17 knots (30.4–31.5 km/h; 18.9–19.6 mph) surfaced * 7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph) submerged |
| Range | * 18,450 nautical miles (34,170 km; 21,230 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced * 93 nmi (172 km; 107 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged |
| Test depth | Calculated crush depth: 220 m (720 ft) |
| Complement | 5 officers, 47 enlisted |
| Armament |  |
| Service record | |
| Part of: |  |
| Identification codes: | M 43 666 |
| Commanders: | * *Kptlt.* Alois Zech * 2 April 1942 – 16 April 1943 * *Kptlt.* Horst-Tessen von Kameke * 15 April – 24 June 1943 |
| Operations: | * 2 patrols: * 1st patrol: * 6 February – 1 April 1943 * 2nd patrol: * 25 April – 24 June 1943 |
| Victories: | * 1 merchant ship sunk
(2,937 GRT) * 1 merchant ship damaged
(7,176 GRT) |


title: Carlos Correia de Brito

abstract: Carlos Correia de Brito (deceased), was a Portuguese footballer who played as a forward. He joined Benfica in 1938, scoring 44 goals in 79 games, winning three major titles.

text:
# Carlos Correia de Brito

**Carlos Correia de Brito** (deceased), was a Portuguese footballer who played as a forward.

He joined Benfica in 1938, scoring 44 goals in 79 games, winning three major titles.

## Career

Brito arrived at Benfica in 1938, at the hands of Lippo Hertzka, making his debut on q October, against Sporting. In his first year, he scored 15 goals in 25 games, with Benfica reaching the inaugural 1939 Taça de Portugal Final. The next season, he increased his goalscoring record to 18 in 34 appearances, as Benfica won the 1940 Taça de Portugal Final.

However, starting in his third season, strong competition from Valadas, Teixeira and Francisco Rodrigues saw Brito's playing time significantly cut short, as he appeared in six games in 1940–41, and none from 1941 until 1943. In his last two years he played a total of three games for Benfica, after which he departed the club with 44 goals scored in 79 games.

## Honours

Benfica

**General**

* Tovar, Rui Miguel (2012). *Almanaque do Benfica*. Portugal: Lua de Papel. ISBN 978-989-23-2087-8.

**Specific**

## InfoBox

Carlos Brito
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Carlos Correia de Brito | | |
| Place of birth | Portugal | | |
| Place of death | Portugal | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1938–1946 | Benfica | 43 | (26) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: John King (Michigan politician)

abstract: John King was a Michigan politician. In 1839, King served as a justice of the peace in Northfield Township, Michigan alongside Rufus Matthews, Alvin Moe, and Nathan Sutton. In 1842, King served as treasurer of Northfield Township. On November 7, 1842, King was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives where he represented the Washtenaw County district from January 2, 1843 to March 9, 1843. During his term in the legislature, he served on the Banks and Incorporations committee.

text:
# John King (Michigan politician)

**John King** was a Michigan politician.

In 1839, King served as a justice of the peace in Northfield Township, Michigan alongside Rufus Matthews, Alvin Moe, and Nathan Sutton. In 1842, King served as treasurer of Northfield Township. On November 7, 1842, King was elected to the Michigan House of Representatives where he represented the Washtenaw County district from January 2, 1843 to March 9, 1843. During his term in the legislature, he served on the Banks and Incorporations committee.

## InfoBox

| John King | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Michigan House of Representatives
from the Washtenaw County district | |
| **In office**
January 2, 1843  March 9, 1843 | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Sau Mau Ping station

abstract: Sau Mau Ping is a proposed MTR station on the proposed East Kowloon line. It will be located at Sau Mau Ping, Kwun Tong District, Kowloon, Hong Kong. The station is still under planning.

text:
# Sau Mau Ping station

**Sau Mau Ping** (Chinese: 秀茂坪) is a proposed MTR station on the proposed East Kowloon line. It will be located at Sau Mau Ping, Kwun Tong District, Kowloon, Hong Kong. The station is still under planning.

## InfoBox

| Sau Mau Ping
秀茂坪 | |
| --- | --- |
| Proposed  MTR rapid transit station | |
| General information | |
| Location | Sau Mau Ping
Kwun Tong District, Hong Kong |
| Operated by | MTR Corporation |
| Line(s) | East Kowloon line |
| Other information | |
| Status | Under planning |
| Station code | SMP |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  MTR Following station  Proposed  Shun Tintowards Choi Hung  East Kowloon line  Po Tattowards Po Lam | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Qarabagh District, Kabul

abstract: Qarabagh District is located 50 kilometers north of Kabul City in Afghanistan, and 20 kilometers southeast of Bagram Airbase. The district is part of Kabul Province and is on the route between Kabul and Parwan Province. It has a population of 15,000, with an expected 19,000 more people to return from Pakistan and Iran in the future. As of 2002 around 60% of the population are Tajiks and 40% Pashtuns. Qarabagh district borders Guldara and Istalif districts to the north, Parvan Province to the south and east, and Deh Sabz and Kalakan districts to the south. The headquarters is the town of Qara Bagh, which is located in the western part of the district. The whole district has suffered severe damages. All agricultural, health and education infrastructures were destroyed during the wars. Many people fled from the district. This district produces 9% of the raisins produced in Afghanistan, most of its residents being owners of large vineyards.

text:
# Qarabagh District, Kabul

**Qarabagh District** is located 50 kilometers north of Kabul City in Afghanistan, and 20 kilometers southeast of Bagram Airbase. The district is part of Kabul Province and is on the route between Kabul and Parwan Province. It has a population of 15,000, with an expected 19,000 more people to return from Pakistan and Iran in the future (2002 official UNHCR est.). As of 2002 around 60% of the population are Tajiks and 40% Pashtuns.

Qarabagh district borders Guldara and Istalif districts to the north, Parvan Province to the south and east, and Deh Sabz and Kalakan districts to the south.

The headquarters is the town of Qara Bagh, which is located in the western part of the district. The whole district has suffered severe damages. All agricultural, health and education infrastructures were destroyed during the wars. Many people fled from the district. This district produces 9% of the raisins produced in Afghanistan, most of its residents being owners of large vineyards.

## InfoBox

| Qarabagh District | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
| Location in Kabul Province | |
| Coordinates: 34°50′58″N 69°10′35″E / 34.8494°N 69.1764°E / 34.8494; 69.1764 | |
| Country | Afghanistan |
| Province | Kabul Province |
| Capital | Qara Bagh |
| Population (2015) | |
| Total | 78,004 |
| Time zone | UTC+04:30 (AST) |


title: SuperTennis

abstract: SuperTennis is an Italian terrestrial and satellite television channel broadcasting tennis live of the Italian Tennis Federation. Among the various events broadcasts the US Open, WTA 125, ATP Challenger.

text:
# SuperTennis

**SuperTennis** is an Italian terrestrial and satellite television channel broadcasting tennis live of the Italian Tennis Federation.

Among the various events broadcasts the US Open, WTA 125, ATP Challenger.

## InfoBox

SuperTennis
| Country | Italy
San Marino
Switzerland
Vatican City |
| --- | --- |
| Programming | |
| Picture format | SDTV, HDTV |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Sportcast S.r.l. |
| History | |
| Launched | November 10, 2008 |
| Links | |
| Website | Supertennis.tv |
| Availability | |
|  | |
| Terrestrial | |
| Digital | DVB-T, LCN 64 |
|  | |


title: SEAT Arona

abstract: The SEAT Arona is a subcompact crossover SUV (B-segment) manufactured by SEAT since 2017, as the smallest crossover SUV offered by the Spanish brand. As of 2019, it slots in below the Ateca compact model and Tarraco seven-seater.

text:
# SEAT Arona

The **SEAT Arona** is a subcompact crossover SUV (B-segment) manufactured by SEAT since 2017, as the smallest crossover SUV offered by the Spanish brand. As of 2019, it slots in below the Ateca compact model and Tarraco seven-seater.

## Overview

SEAT launched three new utility vehicles between 2016 and 2019, due to the growing popularity of them. First was the middle one in size, the Ateca in 2016, next is the Arona, and the mid-size SUV is the Tarraco in 2018.

Before its reveal, SEAT's deputy chairman Ramón Paredes met with mayor of Arona, Tenerife, Spain. The Ibiza-based crossover was first presented in Barcelona on 26 June 2017. The car was shown to the public audience in the Frankfurt Motor Show for the first time in September 2017.

The Arona is based on the same platform as the current Ibiza, while the said platform also underpin various vehicles in manufactured by Volkswagen Group including the Volkswagen Polo, Volkswagen T-Cross, and Škoda Kamiq.

The facelift for the Arona was revealed on 15 April 2021. Changes include updated exterior styling with all exterior lighting uses LED, the interior received a free-standing touchscreen infotainment system and new advanced driving safety features.

## Powertrain

The Arona is available with three engines: the petrol engines consists of a 1.0-litre 3-cylinder unit with 95 PS (94 hp; 70 kW) or 115 PS (113 hp; 85 kW) turbocharged engine or a 1.5-litre TSI Evo 4-cylinder with 150 PS (148 hp; 110 kW) with cylinder deactivation. There are two diesel engine both 1.6-litre TDI with either 95 PS (94 hp; 70 kW) or 115 PS (113 hp; 85kW).

In September 2018, a CNG version was introduced with a 1.0-litre TGI engine.

| Model | Displacement | Power | Torque | Transmission |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Petrol engines | | | | |
| **1.0 TSI 95** | 999 cc I3 | 95 PS (70 kW; 94 hp) | 175 N⋅m (129 lb⋅ft) | 5-speed manual |
| **1.0 TSI 115** | 999 cc I3 | 115 PS (85 kW; 113 hp) | 200 N⋅m (148 lb⋅ft) | 6-speed manual or 7-speed DSG |
| **1.5 TSI 150 Evo** | 1,498 cc I4 | 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) | 250 N⋅m (184 lb⋅ft) | 6-speed manual or 7-speed DSG |
| Diesel engine | | | | |
| **1.6 TDI 95** | 1,598 cc I4 | 95 PS (70 kW; 94 hp) | 250 N⋅m (184 lb⋅ft) | 5-speed manual or 7-speed DSG |
| **1.6 TDI 115** | 1,598 cc I4 | 115 PS (85kW; 113 hp) | 250 N⋅m (184 lb⋅ft) | 6-speed manual |
| Petrol/CNG engine | | | | |
| **1.0 TGI 90** | 999 cc I3 | 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) | 160 N⋅m (118 lb⋅ft) | 6-speed manual |

## Safety

### Euro NCAP

Euro NCAP test results
SEAT Arona 1.0 TSI Excellence (LHD) (2017)
| Test | Points | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Overall: |  | |
| Adult occupant: | 36.2 | 95% |
| Child occupant: | 39.4 | 80% |
| Pedestrian: | 32.4 | 77% |
| Safety assist: | 7.3 | 60% |

### Latin NCAP

The updated Spanish-built Arona in its most basic Latin American version received 5 stars for adult occupants and 5 for child occupants from Latin NCAP in 2018.

## Sales and production figures

| Year | Sales | | | Production |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Europe | Turkey | Mexico | |
| 2017 | 6,070 |  |  | 17,527 |
| 2018 | 88,730 |  | 2,341 | 110,926 |
| 2019 | 110,648 |  | 4,075 | 134,611 |
| 2020 | 80,765 |  | 2,791 |  |
| 2021 | 84,984 | 4,358 | 5,264 |  |
| 2022 |  | 3,288 | 2,738 |  |
| 2023 |  |  | 4,296 |  |

1. "Production facilities". *www.seat-mediacenter.com*. Retrieved 2020-09-08.
2. "Seat Arona (2018) - Design Sketches". *netcarshow.com*. Retrieved 2022-08-27.
3. "The New SEAT Arona is here: Modern Urban Character for 2017 | SEAT". *finbarr-galvin-ltd*. Retrieved 2020-09-06.
4. "SEAT Arona review". *Auto Express*. Retrieved 2020-09-06.
5. "New SEAT Arona". SEAT Media Center. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
6. "La presentación mundial del SEAT Arona, el 26 de junio" (in Spanish). La Opinión de Tenerife. 2017-06-17. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
7. Porsche Hungaria (2017-09-12). "A SEAT főszereplői Frankfurtban" (in Hungarian). formula.hu. Retrieved 2018-04-28.
8. "Seat Arona (2017-present)". *BuyaCar*. Retrieved 2020-09-06.
9. Page, Felix (2021-04-15). "2021 Seat Arona gets interior overhaul and new look | Autocar". *www.autocar.co.uk*. Retrieved 2024-08-18.
10. Panait, Mircea (2017-06-20). "SEAT To Debut The Arona SUV In Barcelona On June 26". autoevolution. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
11. "Az új SEAT Arona: kategóriája legjobb választása". Autoszektor. 2017-10-04. Retrieved 2018-04-28.
12. "SEAT Arona TGI Fueled By Compressed Natural Gas Heading To Paris". *Motor1.com*. Retrieved 2020-09-06.
13. https://www.euroncap.com/en/results/seat/arona/28846
14. "Official results of the Seat Arona + 6 Airbags (from 01/09/2018) VIN VSSZZZKJZKR021211 2018". *LATIN NCAP - PARA AUTOS MAS SEGUROS*.
15. "Seat Arona European sales figures". *carsalesbase.com*. 2017-11-19. Retrieved 2020-09-06.
16. "Volkswagen AG Annual Report 2017" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-06-28.
17. García, Gerardo (2019-01-11). "Los 356 autos más vendidos de México durante 2018 (sí, la lista completa)". *Motorpasión México* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-01-13.
18. "Volkswagen AG Annual Report 2018" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-06-28.
19. García, Gerardo (2020-01-10). "Los 374 autos más vendidos de México: la lista completa porque el top 10 ya te lo sabes". *Motorpasión México* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-01-13.
20. "Volkswagen AG Annual Report 2019" (PDF). Retrieved 2020-03-17.
21. García, Gerardo (2021-01-08). "Los 377 autos más vendidos de México en 2020: la lista completa del ranking de ventas". *Motorpasión México* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-01-13.
22. "2021'de Türkiye'de en çok satılan SUV araçlar". *DonanımHaber* (in Turkish). 2023-04-17. Retrieved 2023-11-22.
23. García, Gerardo (2022-01-08). "Los 379 autos más vendidos de México en 2021: la lista completa del ranking de ventas". *Motorpasión México* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-01-13.
24. "2022'de satılan her 100 otomobilin 28'i Bursalı - Emre Özpeynirci". *Bursada Bugün*. Retrieved 2023-01-11.
25. García, Gerardo (2023-01-06). "Los 371 autos más vendidos de México en 2022: el ranking completo con todos los modelos". *Motorpasión México* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-01-13.
26. García, Gerardo (2024-01-10). "Los autos más vendidos en México en 2023: así queda el ranking con los 389 modelos". *Motorpasión México* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-03-27.

## InfoBox

| SEAT Arona | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | SEAT |
| Model code | KJ7 |
| Production | 2017–present |
| Assembly | Spain: Martorell, Catalonia |
| Designer | Julio Lozano under Alejandro Mesonero-Romanos |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Subcompact crossover SUV () |
| Body style | 5-door SUV |
| Layout | Front-engine, front-wheel-drive |
| Platform | Volkswagen Group MQB A0 |
| Related | SEAT Ibiza Mk5
Volkswagen T-Cross
Volkswagen Polo Mk6
Škoda Kamiq |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine |  |
| Transmission | 5-speed manual
6-speed manual
7-speed DSG |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,566 mm (101.0 in) |
| Length | 4,138 mm (162.9 in) |
| Width | 1,780 mm (70.1 in) |
| Height | 1,552 mm (61.1 in) |


title: Pneumatic Institution

abstract: The Pneumatic Institution was a medical research facility in Bristol, England, in 1799–1802. It was established by physician and science writer Thomas Beddoes to study the medical effects of gases, known as factitious airs, that had recently been discovered. Humphry Davy headed the Institution's laboratory, examining the effects of laughing gas on himself and others, and James Watt designed much of the lab's equipment.

text:
# Pneumatic Institution

The **Pneumatic Institution** (also referred to as **Pneumatic Institute**) was a medical research facility in Bristol, England, in 1799–1802. It was established by physician and science writer Thomas Beddoes to study the medical effects of gases, known as factitious airs, that had recently been discovered. Humphry Davy headed the Institution's laboratory, examining the effects of laughing gas on himself and others, and James Watt designed much of the lab's equipment.

## History

### Preliminaries

After Lavoisier had established the role of oxygen in animal respiration, members of the Lunar Society, such as Joseph Priestley (who had co-discovered oxygen), originated pneumatic chemistry, which eventually led to the establishment of the Pneumatic Institution.

Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire, who was unusually educated about Chemistry, visited Thomas Beddoes in his laboratory in Hope Square, Bristol, in December 1793. He had set it up earlier that year to study possible medical uses of the recently discovered gases. During her second, extended, visit, "the idea of replacing the existing outpatient facility with a hospital—a Medical Pneumatic Institution—was first formulated." In 1794, she tried to persuade Sir Joseph Banks, who was President of the Royal Society of London at the time, to lend support to Beddoes' efforts. Banks refused, citing scientific objections in addition to his political concerns about Beddoes' sympathising with the French Revolution. Even a supporting request from Watt did not change Banks' mind.

### Establishment

Beddoes had moved from Oxford in 1793 and established himself as a physician. He moved to the Hotwells area of Bristol, where the geothermal springs had been credited with healing properties since the 15th century, and which had become a locus for tuberculosis sufferers seeking a cure. By 1794 Beddoes had arranged for the manufacture of suitable apparatus by the firm of Boulton and Watt and the first of the "pneumatic patients" was a Mr Knight of Painswick, whom Beddoes treated with "unrespirable airs" for a pelvic ulcer. By 5 March 1795 Beddoes was reporting successful treatment of paralytic patients and ordering an apparatus and oxygen for a Mr Gladwell in Clifton.

Between 1792 and 1798, Beddoes had collected and published many "case histories" sent to him by other sympathetic physicians, from many parts of the country, and principally concerning the inhalation of oxygen and hydrogen.

In November 1798, Beddoes rented two buildings at 6 and 7 Dowry Square, in Hotwells, and in March 1799 the laboratory was moved into the smaller one and the *Institution* was publicly announced. Beddoes anticipated that scientific investigations and medical treatment would be carried out side by side.

### Humphry Davy's experiments

In March 1798 Humphry Davy had become interested in the issue after reading Samuel Latham Mitchell's *Remarks on the gaseous oxyd of nitrogen and its effects (1795)* which claimed that nitrous oxide would have a catastrophic impact if inhaled or placed in contact with a patient's skin, going as far as to suggest that it was the very "principle of contagion".

Davy joined the *Pneumatic Institution* in 1798 as the laboratory operator, largely through the recommendation of Davies Giddy, and it was here that he undertook experiments that included himself inhaling nitrous oxide, which he called *laughing gas* for its effects. Davy wrote up an account of his investigations at the Institution which was published by John Murray in 1800 as, *Researches, chemical and philosophical, chiefly concerning nitrous oxide, or dephlogisticated nitrous air, and its respiration*.

This and other gases were administered, without charge, to willing subjects, particularly those with diseases considered to be incurable at the time. Although the initial aim had been to treat patients with tuberculosis, most of the patients treated suffered from some form of paralysis.

### James Watt's involvement

James Watt supported the *Institution* because conventional methods had failed to help against his son's pulmonary tuberculosis (known as *consumption* at the time), which had previously claimed his daughter Jessie. The suggestion of engaging Beddoes to treat Jessie had been made by Erasmus Darwin, and Beddoes undertook to administer "fixt air" (carbon dioxide), despite the absence of suitable equipment. The treatment had no beneficial effect and Watt's daughter died.

Watt designed many of the apparatuses and techniques necessary to produce and administer various gases.

### Disestablishment and legacy

The *Pneumatic Institution* was converted into a normal hospital when typhus broke out in Bristol in 1800. Davy left in 1801 to join Sir Joseph at the Royal Institution. The Bristol *Pneumatic Institution* closed down in 1802. Many of the techniques and tools developed by Watt for the *Pneumatic Institution* are still used in modern medicine.

## Sources

## Further reading

51°27′5″N 2°37′13″W / 51.45139°N 2.62028°W / 51.45139; -2.62028


title: Take It Back

abstract:
"Take It Back" is a song by the progressive rock band Pink Floyd, released as the seventh track on their 1994 album The Division Bell. It was also released as a single on 16 May 1994, the first from the album, and Pink Floyd's first for seven years. The single peaked at number 23 on the UK Singles Chart, the fourth highest in the band's history, below 1979 number 1 hit "Another Brick In The Wall" and 1967 top 20 hits "See Emily Play" and "Arnold Layne."
The music for the song was written by guitarist David Gilmour and album co-producer Bob Ezrin, with lyrics by Gilmour, his wife Polly Samson and Nick Laird-Clowes.

text:
# Take It Back

"**Take It Back**" is a song by the progressive rock band Pink Floyd, released as the seventh track on their 1994 album *The Division Bell*. It was also released as a single on 16 May 1994, the first from the album, and Pink Floyd's first for seven years. The single peaked at number 23 on the UK Singles Chart, the fourth highest in the band's history, below 1979 number 1 hit "Another Brick In The Wall" and 1967 top 20 hits "See Emily Play" and "Arnold Layne." The music for the song was written by guitarist David Gilmour and album co-producer Bob Ezrin, with lyrics by Gilmour, his wife Polly Samson and Nick Laird-Clowes.

## Equipment

Guitarist David Gilmour used an E-bow on a Gibson J-200 acoustic guitar that is processed through a Zoom effects box, then directly injected into the board.

The lyrics include a common British reading of the nursery rhyme "Ring a Ring o' Roses" during its instrumental section.

## Personnel

Additional musicians:

## Charts

### Weekly charts

| Chart (1994) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | 64 |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders) | 43 |
| Canada Top Singles (*RPM*) | 9 |
| France (SNEP) | 50 |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 75 |
| Italy Airplay (*Music & Media*) | 8 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 23 |
| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ) | 7 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 23 |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 73 |
| US Mainstream Rock (*Billboard*) | 4 |
| US *Cashbox* Top 100 | 65 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1994) | Position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Top Singles (*RPM*) | 71 |
| US Hot Album Rock Tracks (*Billboard*) | 23 |

## InfoBox

| "Take It Back" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Pink Floyd | |
| from the album  *The Division Bell* | |
| B-side |  |
| Released | 16 May 1994 |
| Recorded | 1993 |
| Genre | Progressive rock |
| Length | 6:13 (album version)
4:55 (single edit)
7:07 (extended version on French promo single) |
| Label | EMI (UK)
Columbia (US) |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | * Bob Ezrin * David Gilmour |
| Pink Floyd singles chronology | |
| "What Do You Want from Me"
(1994) "**Take It Back**"
(1994) "High Hopes" / "Keep Talking"
(1994) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Pink Floyd - Take It Back (Official Music Video HD)" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: German submarine U-11 (1935)

abstract: German submarine U-11 was a Type IIB U-boat built before World War II for service in Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. She was commissioned on 21 September 1935, with Kapitänleutnant Hans-Rudolf Rösing in command. She served in several training flotillas in her 10-year career, but sank or damaged no ships. In 1940, U-11 was the first unit to carry out sea trials of a new anechoic tile, which was developed by the Kriegsmarine for reducing a submarines' acoustic signature. This development project was codenamed Alberich after the invisible sorcerer from Germanic mythology.

text:
# German submarine U-11 (1935)

**German submarine *U-11*** was a Type IIB U-boat built before World War II for service in Nazi Germany's *Kriegsmarine*. She was commissioned on 21 September 1935, with *Kapitänleutnant* Hans-Rudolf Rösing in command. She served in several training flotillas in her 10-year career, but sank or damaged no ships.

In 1940, *U-11* was the first unit to carry out sea trials of a new anechoic tile, which was developed by the *Kriegsmarine* for reducing a submarines' acoustic signature. This development project was codenamed *Alberich* after the invisible sorcerer from Germanic mythology.

## Design

German Type IIB submarines were enlarged versions of the original Type IIs. *U-11* had a displacement of 279 tonnes (275 long tons) when at the surface and 328 tonnes (323 long tons) while submerged. Officially, the standard tonnage was 250 long tons (250 t), however. The U-boat had a total length of 42.70 m (140 ft 1 in), a pressure hull length of 28.20 m (92 ft 6 in), a beam of 4.08 m (13 ft 5 in), a height of 8.60 m (28 ft 3 in), and a draught of 3.90 m (12 ft 10 in). The submarine was powered by two MWM RS 127 S four-stroke, six-cylinder diesel engines of 700 metric horsepower (510 kW; 690 shp) for cruising, two Siemens-Schuckert PG VV 322/36 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 460 metric horsepower (340 kW; 450 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 0.85 m (3 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 80–150 metres (260–490 ft).

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 35–42 nautical miles (65–78 km; 40–48 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 3,800 nautical miles (7,000 km; 4,400 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph). *U-11* was fitted with three 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes at the bow, five torpedoes or up to twelve Type A torpedo mines, and a 2 cm (0.79 in) anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of twentyfive.

## Fate

The U-boat was scuttled on 3 May 1945 in Kiel. The wreck was broken up.

## Bibliography

* Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). *German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary*. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-186-6.
* Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). *Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945* \[*German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945*\]. Der U-Boot-Krieg (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler. ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.
* Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). *U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels*. German Warships 1815–1945. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-593-4.

* Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type IIB U-boat U-11". *German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net*. Retrieved 20 January 2007.
* Hofmann, Markus. "*U 11*". *Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de* (in German). Retrieved 30 January 2015.

## InfoBox

| *U-9*, a typical Type IIB boat | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Nazi Germany | |
| Name | *U-11* |
| Ordered | 20 July 1934 |
| Builder | Germaniawerft, Kiel |
| Yard number | 545 |
| Laid down | 6 May 1935 |
| Launched | 27 August 1935 |
| Commissioned | 21 September 1935 |
| Stricken | 5 January 1945, Kiel |
| Fate | Scuttled: 3 May 1945, Kiel Arsenal |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Type IIB coastal submarine |
| Displacement | * 279  (275 long tons) surfaced * 328 t (323 long tons) submerged |
| Length |  |
| Beam | * 4.08 m (13 ft 5 in) (o/a) * 4.00 m (13 ft 1 in) (pressure hull) |
| Height | 8.60 m (28 ft 3 in) |
| Draught | 3.90 m (12 ft 10 in) |
| Installed power | * 700 PS (510 kW; 690 bhp) (diesels) * 410 PS (300 kW; 400 shp) (electric) |
| Propulsion |  |
| Speed | * 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph) surfaced * 7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph) submerged |
| Range | * 1,800 nmi (3,300 km; 2,100 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) surfaced * 35–43 nmi (65–80 km; 40–49 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged |
| Test depth | 80 m (260 ft) |
| Complement | 3 officers, 22 men |
| Armament |  |
| Service record | |
| Part of: |  |
| Identification codes: | M 27 219 |
| Commanders: |  |
| Operations: | None |
| Victories: | None |


abstract: The Serbisyong Inklusibo-Alyansang Progresibo is a local political party in the Philippines.

text:
# Serbisyong Inklusibo–Alyansang Progresibo

The **Serbisyong Inklusibo-Alyansang Progresibo** (lit.'Inclusive Service–Progressive Alliance'; **SIAP** or the **SIAP Party**) is a local political party in the Philippines.

## History

SIAP is a political organization established in 2002 by a group of businessmen and figures involved in the Bangsamoro peace process. It was originally founded as a local political party for Lanao del Sur and is associated with its governor Mamintal Adiong Sr. who died in 2004. His son Mamintal Jr. would take over SIAP.

The party would expand to the other provinces of Bangsamoro by 2023.

For the 2025 Bangsamoro election, SIAP and the United Bangsamoro Justice Party have entered a deal where UBJP will not field candidates for municipality-level executive positions in Lanao del Sur. It is also expected to take part in the Bangsamoro Parliament election.

## InfoBox

| Serbisyong Inklusibo – Alyansang Progresibo | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Leader | Mamintal Adiong Jr. |
| President | Mohammad Khalid Adiong |
| Headquarters | Lanao del Sur |
| Colors | Green,   Gold |
| Seats in the House of Representatives | 0 / 8 (Bangsamoro seats only) |
| Provincial governorships | 1 / 6 (Bangsamoro only) |
| Provincial vice governorships | 1 / 6 (Bangsamoro only) |
| Provincial board members | 0 / 46 (Bangsamoro regular seats only) |
| Bangsamoro Parliament | 0 / 80 |
|  | |


title: John L. Watson & The Hummelflugs

abstract: John L Watson & The Hummelflugs were an English band, fronted by the African American singer, John L. Watson. After leaving the band, Watson went on to front John L. Watson and the Web and later The Odyssey Blues Band.

text:
# John L. Watson & The Hummelflugs

**John L Watson & The Hummelflugs** were an English band, fronted by the African American singer, John L. Watson. After leaving the band, Watson went on to front John L. Watson and the Web and later The Odyssey Blues Band.

## Discography

* "Looking For Love" appeared on *The File Series - The 60's File* \- Pye Records FILD 006 - (Various artists) - 1977
* "I'll Make It Worth Your While" appeared on *Doin' The Mod Volume Two - Jump And Dance* \- Castle Music CMRCD 97 - (Various artists) - 2001

## Former personnel

* **John L. Watson**: Vocals
* **Graham Jeffries**: Guitar
* **Val Gwynne**: Bass
* **Penny Kempster**: Keyboards
* **Dennis Lammin**: Saxophone
* **Jeff Lewington**: Guitar
* **Andy Maguire**: Bass
* **Paul Maguire**: Keyboards and saxophone
* **Duncan McCracken**: Drums

## InfoBox

| John L Watson & The Hummelflugs | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Past members | **1962 - The Hummelflugs**
John L. Watson
Graham Jeffries
Val Gwynne
Penny Kempster
Dennis Lamin
Duncan McCracken

**1963 - John L Watson & The Hummelflugs**
John L. Watson
Jeff Lewington
Andy Maguire
Paul Maguire
Duncan McCracken |


title: Eric Mayne

abstract: Eric Mayne was an Irish born American actor. Mayne was born in Dublin and was a star on stage in London in the early 20th century, at the London Lyceum and at Drury Lane. In 1908 and 1910 he played Prince Hildred in The Prince and the Beggar Maid at the Lyceum Theatre in London. He appeared in the films The New York Peacock, Wife Number Two, Her Hour, Help! Help! Police!, Marooned Hearts, The Conquering Power, Turn to the Right, The Prisoner of Zenda, Pawned, Dr. Jack, My American Wife, The Christian, Suzanna, Prodigal Daughters, Human Wreckage, Her Reputation, Cameo Kirby, The Drums of Jeopardy, Black Oxen, The Yankee Consul, Gerald Cranston's Lady, Her Night of Romance, The Scarlet Honeymoon, Cyclone Cavalier, East Lynne, Hearts and Spangles, Folly of Youth, Money to Burn, Married Alive, The Canyon of Adventure, Rackety Rax, Night of Terror, The Drunkard and Ticket to Paradise, among others. Mayne died in his sleep in Hollywood, California, on February 10, 1947.

text:
# Eric Mayne

**Eric Mayne** (April 28, 1865 – February 10, 1947) was an Irish born American actor.

Mayne was born in Dublin and was a star on stage in London in the early 20th century, at the London Lyceum and at Drury Lane. In 1908 and 1910 he played Prince Hildred in *The Prince and the Beggar Maid* at the Lyceum Theatre in London.

He appeared in the films *The New York Peacock*, *Wife Number Two*, *Her Hour*, *Help! Help! Police!*, *Marooned Hearts*, *The Conquering Power*, *Turn to the Right*, *The Prisoner of Zenda*, *Pawned*, *Dr. Jack*, *My American Wife*, *The Christian*, *Suzanna*, *Prodigal Daughters*, *Human Wreckage*, *Her Reputation*, *Cameo Kirby*, *The Drums of Jeopardy*, *Black Oxen*, *The Yankee Consul*, *Gerald Cranston's Lady*, *Her Night of Romance*, *The Scarlet Honeymoon*, *Cyclone Cavalier*, *East Lynne*, *Hearts and Spangles*, *Folly of Youth*, *Money to Burn*, *Married Alive*, *The Canyon of Adventure*, *Rackety Rax*, *Night of Terror*, *The Drunkard* and *Ticket to Paradise*, among others.

Mayne died in his sleep in Hollywood, California, on February 10, 1947.

## InfoBox

| Eric Mayne | |
| --- | --- |
| From *The Conquering Power* (1921) | |
| Born | (1865-04-28)April 28, 1865
Dublin, Ireland |
| Died | February 10, 1947(1947-02-10) (aged 81)
Hollywood, California |
| Occupation | Actor |


title: Suhardi Hassan

abstract: Suhardi Hassan is a Malaysian professional racing cyclist, in 2011 riding for the Kuala Lumpur Cycling Team.

text:
# Suhardi Hassan

**Suhardi Hassan** (born 7 April 1982) is a Malaysian professional racing cyclist, in 2011 riding for the Kuala Lumpur Cycling Team.

## Career highlights

## InfoBox

Suhardi Hassan
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Suhardi Hassan |
| Born | (1982-04-07) 7 April 1982<br>Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia |
| Team information | |
| Current team | Kuala Lumpur Cycling Team |
| Discipline | Road |
| Role | Rider |
| Professional teams | |
| 20052006 | Proton T-Bikes Cycling Team |
| 2007present | Kuala Lumpur Cycling Team |
|  | |
| Major wins | |
| Jelajah Malaysia (2008) | |
|  | |


title: SEAT 850

abstract: The SEAT 850, also popularly known as "ocho y medio", was a supermini produced by Spanish automaker SEAT and based on the Fiat 850. The car was produced in Spain from April 1966 to 1974 and it was quite popular during that time. Originally only available with the same 2-door sedan body as used in Italy, two different 4-door versions also appeared in 1967. The very rare corto (short) used the bodywork developed by Francis Lombardi for the Fiat 850 "Lucciola", while the largo (long) version used a floorpan lengthened by 15 cm and bodywork developed specifically by Carrocerías Costa for SEAT.

text:
# SEAT 850

The **SEAT 850**, also popularly known as *"ocho y medio"* ("eight and a half", 8.5), was a supermini produced by Spanish automaker SEAT and based on the Fiat 850. The car was produced in Spain from April 1966 to 1974 and it was quite popular during that time.

Originally only available with the same 2-door sedan body as used in Italy, two different 4-door versions also appeared in 1967. The very rare *corto* (short) used the bodywork developed by Francis Lombardi for the Fiat 850 "Lucciola", while the *largo* (long) version used a floorpan lengthened by 15 cm and bodywork developed specifically by Carrocerías Costa for SEAT.

## History

At the 1971 Paris Motor Salon, the 850 *Especial Lujo* (Special deLuxe) was presented, only available with the 4-door *largo* body. Production ended in late 1974, having been replaced by the SEAT 133, essentially an 850 rebodied in the style of the 127. Sedans and the standard coupé received 843 cc four-cylinder engines with either 37 or 47 hp (27 or 35 kW). After Fiat 850 production ceased in Italy in 1972, the SEAT version was sold in European countries through Fiat dealers for a couple of years. These cars had a Fiat badge which had "costruzione SEAT" underneath it.

## Production figures

The total production per year of SEAT 850 cars is shown in the following table :

| model | 1966 | 1967 | 1968 | 1969 | 1970 | 1971 | 1972 | 1973 | 1974 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| SEAT 850
Total annual production | 31,314 | 69,009 | 64,605 | 77,282 | 115,144 | 102,728 | 89,142 | 77,950 | 37,172 |

## SEAT 850 Sport

The SEAT 850 Sport model was based on the Fiat 850 Coupé and Spider versions and was also available in two variants:

* **SEAT 850 Sport Spider**, the convertible variant
* **SEAT 850 Sport Coupé** and **SEAT 850 Coupé**, the two model versions of the coupé variant

The Sport Coupé and Spider versions were also built in Spain, although they were never exported. They were equipped with a 51 hp (38 kW) 903 cc engine as opposed to the lower powered, 843 cc standard cars.

## InfoBox

| SEAT 850 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | SEAT |
| Production | 1966–1974
664,346 built |
| Assembly | Spain: Barcelona (Zona Franca) |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Supermini |
| Layout | RR |
| Related | Fiat 850
SEAT 133 |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 843 cc I4
903 cc I4 (Sport Coupé, Spider) |
| Transmission | 4-speed manual |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,027 mm (79.8 in) |
| Length | * 3,575 mm (140.7 in) * 3,725 mm (146.7 in) (4-door) |
| Width | 1,425 mm (56.1 in) |
| Curb weight | 650 kg (1,430 lb) |
| Chronology | |
| Successor | SEAT 133
SEAT 1200 Sport (for SEAT 850 Sport) |


title: Caecum subvolutum

abstract: Caecum subvolutum is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Caecidae.

text:
# Caecum subvolutum

***Caecum subvolutum*** is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Caecidae.

## Distribution

## Description

The maximum recorded shell length is 3.6 mm.

## Habitat

Minimum recorded depth is 12 m. Maximum recorded depth is 296 m.

## InfoBox

| *Caecum subvolutum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Caecidae |
| Genus: | *Caecum* |
| Species: | ***C. subvolutum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Caecum subvolutum***<br>Folin, 1874 | |
|


title: Pleasure barge

abstract: A pleasure barge is a flat-bottomed, slow-moving boat used for leisure. It is contrasted with a standard barge, which is used to transport freight. Many places where canals or rivers play a prominent role have developed pleasure barges for conducting religious ceremonies, holding waterborne festivities, or viewing scenery.

text:
# Pleasure barge

A **pleasure barge** is a flat-bottomed, slow-moving boat used for leisure. It is contrasted with a standard barge, which is used to transport freight. Many places where canals or rivers play a prominent role have developed pleasure barges for conducting religious ceremonies, holding waterborne festivities, or viewing scenery.

## History

Barges of all kinds were commonly used on the Nile in ancient Egypt. When the Pharaoh Akhenaten revolutionized Egyptian religion, he renamed his pleasure barge "Splendor of Aten", after his dominant god. A miniature of a royal barge was found amongst the items in the tomb of Tutankhamun. The most famous Egyptian barge, the Thalamegos, is that used by Cleopatra VII of Ptolemaic Egypt when she arrived in luxurious state to seduce Mark Antony and also allegedly when she sailed up the Nile with Julius Caesar.

11th-century Chinese writer Ouyang Xiu mentions a pleasure barge in his poetry with oars the color of orchids (or magnolias, depending on the translation). An ivory model of a Qing Dynasty imperial pleasure barge exists at the Vancouver Maritime Museum. In 1357, King Boromtrailokanat of Ayudhaya, in what would later become Thailand, decreed a yearly barge race. His barge would compete against the barge of his consort. If the consort's barge won, then the year would bring abundance. If the King's barge won then it would signify hardship. The consort's barge was usually allowed to win. A later Thai king included a royal barge bearing Buddhist relics in his war party against Burma. By the 17th century, royal Thai barge processions included more than 100 barges, and oarsmen wore matching red garments and gold jewelry.

Wealthy states which relied on water trade sometimes developed barges specifically linked to the ruling class. A painting by Jan van de Cappelle from 1650 depicts the state barge of the Netherlands being saluted by gun blasts from battle ships.

The doges of Venice also traveled by a state barge, the Bucentaur, especially to perform the yearly held *Marriage of the Sea*.

The Grand Canal de Versailles at Versailles served as a setting for elaborate play barges in the 17th and 18th centuries. The gilded goddess figurehead from Marie Antoinette's barge survives, and Napoleon commissioned a ceremonial barge for his official visit to the port of Brest in 1810. The latter is at the French Musée national de la Marine.

Until the middle of the 19th century, pleasure barges were common sights on the River Thames in London and beyond. These included **shallops**, luxury transport for the upper class, rowed by up to eight liveried servants, and sometimes decorated with gilded carvings and ornate draperies. Handel's famous Water Music was composed to be played with its audiences listening from pleasure barges. The City livery companies competed as to the luxury of their state barges.

Up the river at Oxford, where a stretch of the Thames is known as the Isis, many college Boat Clubs permanently moored large two-decker barges in their college colors to use as clubhouses. These proved too expensive to maintain in the 20th century, and they were gradually sold off. Some college barges are still to be seen on the river, used as reception facilities by riverfront hotels, such as The Swan at Streatley, Berkshire, which has the former Wadham College barge.

## Today

Ceremonial barges are sometimes used in historical reenactments and wedding ceremonies in Polynesia.

Religious ceremonies are still conducted aboard barges in the Royal Barge Procession of Thailand. The royal barge is rowed by fifty oarsmen, steered by two steersmen, and commanded by two officers. The crew is rounded out by a flagman, a chantman, and a signalman. Bangkok has a museum devoted entirely to royal barges.

Barges built to provide people with scenic trips down rivers developed along with the growing middle class in Europe and the United States. Modern pleasure barges, such as those that travel the wine regions of France, can include such amenities as DVD players, exercise equipment, onboard kitchens and water closets, skylit passenger cabins, spa pools and stereo systems. The luxury hotel barges of Europe are even crewed by a master chef and house keepers, and piloted by an experienced captain all of which live on board to care for the guests who are staying with them. Most of these barges were originally built to be commercial barges carrying grain and coal along the rivers and canals. It is only in more recent times that they are being renovated to become today's modern pleasure barges.

## Art

The Romantic period of art in Europe was fascinated with mundane objects elevated to luxurious heights, making the pleasure barge an attractive subject. Paul Delaroche chose a state barge as his setting to depict the historical figure Cardinal Richelieu in an 1892 painting. About the same time, Ludwig II of Bavaria had a sketch drawn up for an elaborate gilded barge with the sea god Neptune at its prow and a carved, elevated canopy, reached by a wrought iron staircase and topped by an angel holding aloft the royal crown.


title: Take It Back (Toddla T song)

abstract: "Take It Back" is a song by English DJ and producer Toddla T, released on 30 March 2011 as the first single from his second studio album Watch Me Dance. The song features guest vocal contributions by Shola Ama and J2K. It reached No. 59 on the UK Singles Chart.

text:
# Take It Back (Toddla T song)

"**Take It Back**" is a song by English DJ and producer Toddla T, released on 30 March 2011 as the first single from his second studio album *Watch Me Dance*. The song features guest vocal contributions by Shola Ama and J2K. It reached No. 59 on the UK Singles Chart.

## Music video

A music video for the song was uploaded to YouTube on 24 May 2011.

## Track listing

Digital download - single
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Take It Back" (Radio Edit) | 3:19 |

Digital download - remixes
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Take It Back" (Club Edit) | 4:18 |
| 2. | "Take It Back" (The 2 Bears Remix) | 7:36 |
| 3. | "Take It Back" (D1 Remix) | 4:41 |
| 4. | "Take It Back" (Dillon Francis Remix) | 4:48 |
| 5. | "Take It Back" (Des Demure Remix) | 5:33 |
| 6. | "Take It Back" (DJ Q Remix) | 5:06 |

## Chart performance

| Chart (2011) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 59 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom | 30 March 2011 | Digital download - single | Ninja Tune |
| | 23 May 2011 | Digital download - remixes | |

## InfoBox

| "Take It Back" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Toddla T featuring Shola Ama and J2K | |
| from the album  *Watch Me Dance* | |
| Released | 30 March 2011 (2011-03-30) |
| Recorded | 2010 |
| Genre | UK garage |
| Length | 3:19 |
| Label | Ninja Tune |
| Songwriter(s) | S. Ama, J. Black, Toddla T, B. Holland |
| Toddla T singles chronology | |
| "Sky Surfing"
(2010) "**Take It Back**"
(2011) | |


title: Gerald Williams (rugby union)

abstract: Gerald Williams is a Welsh former rugby union international. Born in Swansea, Williams attended Heol Gam Comprehensive School. Williams was a scrum-half, who played a lot of his rugby with Bridgend RFC, notably captaining them to a win over Australia at Brewery Field in 1981. He gained four Wales caps across the 1981 and 1982 Five Nations Championships. Retiring as a player at age 34, Williams was briefly coach of the Glamorgan Wanderers. Williams joined South Wales Police in 1989, initially as a crime scene investigator, before beginning a long career as a fingerprint laboratory technician two years later. He was involved in investigating the scene of the Clydach murders.

text:
# Gerald Williams (rugby union)

**Gerald Williams** (born 21 October 1954) is a Welsh former rugby union international.

Born in Swansea, Williams attended Heol Gam Comprehensive School.

Williams was a scrum-half, who played a lot of his rugby with Bridgend RFC, notably captaining them to a win over Australia at Brewery Field in 1981. He gained four Wales caps across the 1981 and 1982 Five Nations Championships.

Retiring as a player at age 34, Williams was briefly coach of the Glamorgan Wanderers.

Williams joined South Wales Police in 1989, initially as a crime scene investigator, before beginning a long career as a fingerprint laboratory technician two years later. He was involved in investigating the scene of the Clydach murders.

## InfoBox

Gerald Williams
| Date of birth | (1954-10-21) 21 October 1954 |
| --- | --- |
| Place of birth | Swansea, Wales |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)**  Scrum-half  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1981–82 Wales  4  (0) | |


title: Ōgoe, Fukushima

abstract: Ōgoe was a town located in Tamura District, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. On March 1, 2005, Ōgoe, along with the towns of Funehiki, Takine, and Tokiwa, and the village of Miyakoji, was merged to create the city of Tamura. As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 5,613 and a density of 153.11 persons per km⁲. The total area was 36.66 km⁲.

text:
# Ōgoe, Fukushima

**Ōgoe** (大越町, *Ōgoe-machi*) was a town located in Tamura District, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.

On March 1, 2005, Ōgoe, along with the towns of Funehiki, Takine, and Tokiwa, and the village of Miyakoji (all from Tamura District), was merged to create the city of Tamura.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 5,613 and a density of 153.11 persons per km2. The total area was 36.66 km2.