title: S. J. Rozan

abstract: S. J. Rozan is an American architect and writer of detective fiction and thrillers, based in New York City. She also co-writes a paranormal thriller series under the pseudonym Sam Cabot with Carlos Dews.

text:
# S. J. Rozan

**S. J. Rozan** (born 1950) is an American architect and writer of detective fiction and thrillers, based in New York City. She also co-writes a paranormal thriller series under the pseudonym **Sam Cabot** with Carlos Dews.

## Life

S.J. (Shira Judith) Rozan was born in 1950 in the Bronx, New York. She grew up with two sisters and a brother, and has a passion for basketball. She graduated from Oberlin College with a bachelor's degree, and received a master's in architecture from the State University of New York at Buffalo. She is a lifelong New Yorker and currently lives in Lower Manhattan.

Before her career as an architect, Rozan also worked as a janitor, in jewelry sales, painting houses, book sales, bread baking, as an advertising copywriter, and as a self-defense instructor. As an architect, she became project manager for a New York firm working on socially useful projects. She said, "That life was exactly what I wanted, but it wasn't making me happy.... So I decided to go back to this idea I'd had of writing a crime novel."

Rozan's books are set in New York City or start out there. Her P.I. series features Lydia Chin and Bill Smith, and the books alternate point of view between the two characters. About them she has revealed, "Lydia is me as I was when I was her age. She’s optimistic and full of energy. She believes that the world can be saved.... Bill, on the other hand, is me as I am now—on a bad day. He’s been through enough bad stuff in his life that he knows what can’t be done."

In 2013 she co-authored a book with Carlos Dews under the name Sam Cabot. This book was set in Rome and is the first in a series of historical thrillers. In addition to crime novels, since 2004, Rozan has written haiku that she posts each weekend to her blog. They are composed as she makes observations, but aren't written down until she gets home.

Rozan speaks, lectures, and teaches widely, including in January 2003 as an invited speaker at the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland; as a Master Artist at the Atlantic Center for the Arts in Fall 2006; at the 2009 National Book Festival; speaking about "Every Story Is a Mystery" at the Central Library in Indianapolis in October 2009; as keynote speaker at the California Crime Writers Conference in June 2011; in Fall 2011 as an instructor at the New York Crime Fiction Academy; as a Writer-in-Residence at Singapore Management University in February 2014; as Author-in-Residence & Guest Instructor at 2014 Novel-In-Progress Bookcamp; and during summers in Assisi, Italy at Art Workshop International as a Writing Instructor. She gives freely of her time to other writers as shown by acknowledgments in, among others, the following referenced books:

## Awards and honors

In 2016, Rozan received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Private Eye Writers of America.

Awards for Rozan's writing
| Year | Title | Award | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1996 | *Concourse* | Shamus Award for Best P. I. Hardcover Novel | Winner |  |
| 1997 | "Hoops" in *Ellery Queen Mystery Magazine* | Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Short Story | Finalist |  |
| 1998 | *No Colder Place* | Anthony Award for Best Novel | Winner |  |
| | | Barry Award for Best Novel | Finalist |  |
| | | Shamus Award for Best Novel | Finalist |  |
| 2000 | *Stone Quarry* | Shamus Award for Best Novel | Finalist |  |
| 2002 | "Double-Crossing Delancey" in *Mystery Street* | Anthony Award for Best Short Story | Finalist |  |
| | | Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Short Story | Finalist |  |
| | *Reflecting the Sky* | Anthony Award for Best Novel | Finalist |  |
| | Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Novel | Finalist |  |
| | Shamus Award for Best P. I. Hardcover Novel | Winner |  |
| 2003 | *Winter and Night* | Anthony Award for Best Novel | Finalist |  |
| | | Barry Award for Best Novel | Finalist |  |
| | | Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Novel | Winner |  |
| | | Macavity Award for Best Novel | Winner |  |
| | | Nero Award | Winner |  |
| | | Shamus Award for Best Novel | Finalist |  |
| 2004 | *Absent Friends* | Gumshoe Award for Best Novel | Finalist |  |
| 2007 | "Building" | Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Short Story | Finalist |  |
| 2008 | "Chapter 4" | Audie Award for Audiobook of the Year | Winner |  |
| | *In this Rain* | Nero Award | Finalist |  |
| 2009 | *Winter and Night* | Maltese Falcon Award | Winner |  |
| 2010 | *The Shanghai Moon* | Anthony Award for Best Novel | Finalist |  |
| | | Barry Award for Best Novel | Finalist |  |
| | | Dilys Award | Finalist |  |
| | | Macavity Award for Best Mystery Novel | Finalist |  |
| 2012 | *Ghost Hero* | Dilys Award | Winner |  |
| 2018 | "Chin Yong-Yun Stays at Home" | Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Short Story | Finalist |  |
| 2022 | *Family Business* | Shamus Award for Best P. I. Hardcover Novel | Winner |  |
| | | G. P. Putnam's Sons Sue Grafton Memorial Award | Finalist |  |
| 2023 | *Paper Son* | Maltese Falcon Award | Winner |  |

## Publications

### Lydia Chin / Bill Smith series

* *China Trade* ·chin· (1994), St. Martin's. ISBN 0-312-11254-8
* *Concourse* ·smith· (1995), St. Martin's. ISBN 0-312-13453-3
* *Mandarin Plaid* ·chin· (1996), St. Martin's. ISBN 0-312-14674-4
* *No Colder Place* ·smith· (1997), St. Martin's. ISBN 0-312-16811-X
* *A Bitter Feast* ·chin· (1998), St. Martin's. ISBN 0-312-19259-2
* *Stone Quarry* ·smith· (1999), St. Martin's. ISBN 0-312-20912-6
* *Reflecting the Sky* ·chin· (2001), St. Martin's. ISBN 0-312-24427-4
* *Winter and Night* ·smith· (2002), St. Martin's. ISBN 0-312-24555-6
* *The Shanghai Moon* ·chin· (2009), St. Martin's. ISBN 978-0-312-24556-6
* *On the Line* ·smith· (2010), St. Martin's. ISBN 978-0-312-54449-2
* *Ghost Hero* ·chin· (2011), St. Martin's. ISBN 978-0-312-54450-8
* *Paper Son* ·chin· (2019), Pegasus Crime. ISBN 978-1-643-13129-0
* *The Art of Violence* ·smith· (2020). Pegasus Crime. ISBN 978-1-643-13531-1
* *Family Business* ·chin· (2021). Pegasus Crime. ISBN 978-1-643-13829-9
* *The Mayors of New York* ·smith· (2023). Pegasus Crime. ISBN 978-1-639-36525-8

### Standalone novels/chapters

### Writing as Sam Cabot

Sam Cabot books are co-written with Carlos Dews

### Short story collections

* *A Tale About a Tiger and Other Mysterious Events* (2009), Crippen & Landru. ISBN 978-1-932009-89-7. A volume of nine previously published short stories:
"Film at Eleven" · "Hoops" · "Seeing the Moon" · "Passline" · "Night Court" · "Subway" · "A Tale About a Tiger" · "Childhood" · "Double-Crossing Delancey"
* *Building and Other Stories* (2011). An e-book collection of seven previously published short stories:
"Building" · "Night Court" · "Going Home" · "Silverfish" · "Seeing the Moon" · "I Seen That" · "Sunset"

### Short stories

In 2022, Rozan was recognized with the Edward D. Hoch Memorial Golden Derringer for Lifetime Achievement by the Short Mystery Fiction Society.

* "Heartbreak" ·smith· (e-book single available)
*P.I. Magazine*, Winter 1990, Vol.3 No.1, pp. 16–21.
* "Once Burned" ·smith; chin·
*P.I. Magazine*, Winter 1991, Vol.4 No.1, pp. 18–26.
also in: *Lethal Ladies* (1996), ed. Barbara Collins & Robert J. Randisi
* "Prosperity Restaurant" ·chin· (e-book single available)
*The Fourth Woman Sleuth Anthology* (1991), ed. Irene Zahava, pp. 111–135. ISBN 0-89594-521-5
also in: *Lethal Ladies II* (1998), ed. Christine Matthews & Robert J. Randisi
* "Hot Numbers" ·smith·
*P.I. Magazine*, Spring 1992, Vol.5 No.1, pp. 16–23.
* "Body English" ·chin; smith· (e-book single available)
*Alfred Hitchcock Mystery Magazine*, December 1992, Vol.37 No.12, pp. 24–41.
also in: *Alfred Hitchcock’s Mystery Magazine Presents Fifty Years of Crime and Suspense* (2006), ed. Linda Landrigan
and in: *Women of Mystery II* (1994), ed. Cynthia Manson
* "Film at Eleven" ·chin·
*Deadly Allies II* (1994), ed. Robert J. Randisi & Susan Dunlap, pp. 202–229. ISBN 0-385-42468-X
also in: *A Tale About a Tiger and Other Mysterious Events* (collected stories)
* "Birds of Paradise" ·smith· (e-book single available)
*Alfred Hitchcock Mystery Magazine*, December 1994, Vol.39 No.13, pp. 142–154.
also in: *Wild Crimes* (2004), ed. Dana Stabenow
* "Hoops" ·smith·
*Ellery Queen Mystery Magazine*, January 1996, Vol.107 No.1, pp. 40–68.
also in: *The Year’s 25 Finest Crime & Mystery Stories; Sixth Annual Ed* (1997), ed. Joan Hess, Ed Gorman & Martin H. Greenberg
and in: *The Best American Mystery Stories 1997*, ed. Robert B. Parker & Otto Penzler
and in: *Crime After Crime* (1999), ed. Joan Hess, Martin H. Greenberg & Ed Gorman
and in: *Crème de La Crime* (2000), ed. Janet Hutchings
and in: *A Tale About a Tiger and Other Mysterious Events* (collected stories)
* "Subway" ·chin·
*Vengeance Is Hers* (1997), ed. Mickey Spillane & Max Allan Collins, pp. 225–252. ISBN 0-451-19198-6
also in: *A Tale About a Tiger and Other Mysterious Events* (collected stories)
* "A Tale about a Tiger" ·chin; smith· (e-book single available)
*Sounds Like Murder, Vol VI* (1999), ed. Otto Penzler. (audio cassette) ISBN 0375402063
also in: *Criminal Records* (2000), ed. Otto Penzler
and in: *A Tale About a Tiger and Other Mysterious Events* (collected stories)
* "Cooking the Hounds" (e-book single available)
*Canine Crimes* (1998), presented by Jeffrey Marks, pp. 145–154. ISBN 0-345-42411-5
* "Hunting for Doyle" (e-book single available)
*Ellery Queen Mystery Magazine*, May 1999, Vol.113 No.5, pp. 58–63.
* "Childhood" ·smith·
*Compulsion*, e-book; Mightywords.com, (Sept 2000).
also in: *The World’s Finest Mystery & Crime Stories; Second Annual Collection* (2001), ed. Ed Gorman
* "Marking the Boat" ·chin·
*The Shamus Game (The Private Eye Writers of America Presents)* (2000), ed. Robert J. Randisi, pp. 1–38. ISBN 0-451-20129-9
* *"The Grift of the Magi"*
commissioned by Otto Penzler, who gifted his bookshop clients. LCCN 2001281539
also in: *Christmas at the Mysterious Bookshop* (2010), ed. Otto Penzler
* "Motormouth"
*Ellery Queen Mystery Magazine*, April 2001, Vol.117 No.4, pp. 60–61.
* "Double-Crossing Delancey" ·chin· (e-book single available)
*Mystery Street (The Private Eye Writers of America Presents)* (2001), ed. Robert J. Randisi, pp. 278–310. ISBN 0-451-20436-0
also in: *The World’s Finest Mystery and Crime Stories; Third Annual Collection* (2002) ed. Ed Gorman & Martin H. Greenberg
and in: *A Tale About a Tiger and Other Mysterious Events* (collected stories)
* "Going Home"
*The Mysterious North* (2002), ed. Dana Stabenow, pp. 169–175. ISBN 0-451-20742-4
also in: *The Longman Anthology of Detective Fiction* (2004), ed. Deane Mansfield-Kelley & Lois A. Marchino
and *Death by Pen: The Longman Anthology of Detective Fiction from Poe to Paretsky* (2007), ed. Mansfield-Kelley & Marchino
and in: *Building and Other Stories* (collection of stories)
* "The Last Kiss"
*Dangerous Women* (2005), ed. Otto Penzler, pp. 281–290. ISBN 0-89296-004-3
* "Passline"
*Murder in Vegas: New Crime Tales of Gambling and Desperation* (2005), ed. Michael Connelly, pp. 19–30. ISBN 0-765-30739-1
also in: *A Tale About a Tiger and Other Mysterious Events* (collected stories)
* "Shots" ·smith·
*Murder at the Foul Line: Original Tales of Hoop Dreams and Deaths from Today’s Great Writers* (2006), ed. Otto Penzler, pp. 264–306. ISBN 0-89296-016-7
* "Building"
*Manhattan Noir* (2006), ed. Lawrence Block, pp. 196–212. ISBN 1-888451-95-5
also in: *Building and Other Stories* (collection of stories)
and in: *New York City Noir: The Five Borough Collection* (2012)
* "The Next Nice Day"
*Deadly Housewives* (2006), ed. Christine Matthews, pp. 199–205, plus Afterword. ISBN 0-06-085327-1
* "Sunset"
*Hardboiled Brooklyn* (2006), ed. Reed Farrel Coleman, pp. 85–96. ISBN 1-932557-17-2
also in: *Building and Other Stories* (collection of stories)
* "Hothouse"
*Bronx Noir* (2007), edited SJR, pp. 177–190. ISBN 978-1-933354-25-5
also in: *The Best American Mystery Stories 2008*, ed. George Pelecanos & Otto Penzler
and in: *New York City Noir: The Five Borough Collection* (2012)
* "Undocumented"
*A Hell of a Woman: An Anthology of Female Noir* (2007), ed. Megan Abbott, pp. 288–298. ISBN 978-0-9792709-9-4
* "Seeing the Moon" (jack lee) (e-book single available)
*On a Raven’s Wing: New Tales in Honor of Edgar Allan Poe* (2009), ed. Stuart M. Kaminsky, pp. 303–327. ISBN 978-0-06-169042-6
also in: *A Tale About a Tiger and Other Mysterious Events* (collected stories)
and in: *By Hook or By Crook and 27 More of the Best Crime + Mystery Stories of the Year* (2010), ed. Ed Gorman & Martin H. Greenberg
and in: *Building and Other Stories* (collection of stories)
* "Silverfish"
*Ellery Queen Mystery Magazine*, March/April 2009, Vol.133 Nos.3&4, pp. 76–83.
also in: *Building and Other Stories* (collection of stories)
and in: *The Crooked Road, Vol. 2* (2013), ed. Janet Hutchings
* "Night Court"
*MWA Presents The Prosecution Rests: New Stories about Courtrooms, Criminals, and the Law* (2009), ed. Linda Fairstein, pp. 326–332. ISBN 978-0-316-01252-2
also in: *A Tale About a Tiger and Other Mysterious Events* (collected stories)
and in: *Building and Other Stories* (collection of stories)
* "Cold, Hard Facts"
*Two of the Deadliest: New Tales of Lust, Greed, and Murder* (2009), ed. Elizabeth George, pp. 313–325. ISBN 978-0-06-135033-7
* "I Seen That"
*Once Upon a Crime: An Anthology of Murder, Mayhem and Suspense* (2009), ed. Gary R. Bush & Chris Everheart, pp. 243–245. ISBN 978-1-932472-85-1
also in: *Building and Other Stories* (collection of stories)
* "Daybreak"
*The Dark End of the Street: New Stories of Sex and Crime* (2010), co-edited with Jonathan Santlofer, pp. 247–257. ISBN 978-1-59691-683-8
* "Chin Yong-Yun Takes a Case" (ma chin) (e-book single available)
*Damn Near Dead 2* (2010), ed. Bill Crider, pp. 229–240. ISBN 978-1-935415-40-4
also in: *The Best American Mystery Stories 2011*, ed. Harlan Coben & Otto Penzler
* "Iterations"
*MWA Presents The Rich and the Dead* (2011), ed. Nelson DeMille, pp. 295–308. ISBN 978-0-446-55587-6
* "The Path"
*Home Improvement: Undead Edition - All-new tales of hauned home repair and surreal estates* (2011), ed. Charlaine Harris & Toni L.P. Kelner, pp. 211–236. ISBN 978-0-441-02035-5
* "The Men with the Twisted Lips"
*A Study in Sherlock: Stories Inspired by the Holmes Canon* (2011), ed. Laurie R. King & Leslie S. Klinger, pp. 44–59. ISBN 978-0-8129-8246-6
* "New Day Newark"
*New Jersey Noir* (2011), ed. Joyce Carol Oates, pp. 61–75. ISBN 978-1-61775-034-2
* "Occupy This!"
*Scoundrels: Tales of Greed, Murder and Financial Crimes* (2012), ed. Gary Phillips, pp. 85–94. ISBN 978-1-937495-22-0
* "Hero"
*The Green Hornet: Still At Large!* (2012), ed. Joe Gentile, Win Scott Eckert & Matthew Baugh, pp. 1–13. ISBN 978-1-936814-30-5
* "Lighthouse"
*Staten Island Noir* (2012), ed. Patricia Smith, pp. 233–252. ISBN 978-1-61775-129-5
also in: *New York City Noir: The Five Borough Collection* (2012)
and in: *USA Noir: The Best of the Akashic Noir Series* (2013), ed. Johnny Temple
* "Golden Chance"
*Ellery Queen Mystery Magazine*, December 2012, Vol.140 No.6, pp. 2–17.
also in: *EQMM's Fiction Podcasts*, Episode 44 (49:34), posted April 1, 2013, read by author
* "Escape Velocity"
*Ride 2: More short fiction about bicycles* (2012), ed. Keith Snyder, pp. 1–13. ISBN 978-0-9835515-5-3
* "Falconer"
*Mondays Are Murder*. Akashic Books website, May 6, 2013.
* "Kena Sai"
*Singapore Noir* (2014), ed. Cheryl Lu-Lien Tan, pp. 109–122. ISBN 978-1-617752-35-3
* "Wet Dog on a Rainy Day"
*Dark City Lights: New York Stories* (2015), ed. Lawrence Block, pp. 324–328. ISBN 978-1-941110-21-8
* "Chin Yong-Yun Makes a *Shiddach*" (ma chin)
*Manhattan Mayhem: New Crime Stories from Mystery Writers of America* (2015), ed. Mary Higgins Clark, pp. 281–294. ISBN 978-1-59474-761-8
* "Chin Yong-Yun Helps a Fool" (ma chin)
*Ellery Queen Mystery Magazine*, September/October 2018, Vol.152 No.3&4, pp. 2–18.
**won**: 2019 Shamus Award, Best Short Story

### Poetry

* *211 Haiku* (September 2012) - An e-book collection of 211 selected works, from 2004–2011, that follows a calendar year cycle

### Non-fiction essays and articles

* "The Private Eye: An American Hero" (2009), Crippen & Landru, 8 p. pamphlet. OCLC 672293661 (Collection of three columns, edited, written for the Private Eye Writers of America)
From inside back cover: "Two hundred twenty-five copies were printed to accompany the limited edition of *A Tale About a Tiger and Other Mysterious Events*, and are not for sale separately."
* "Who Is Silverman, What Is She?", *In Pursuit of Spenser: Mystery Writers on Robert B. Parker and the Creation of an American Hero* (2012), ed. Otto Penzler, Smart Pop, pp. 163–172. ISBN 978-1-935618-57-7
* "Part 2: Tips and Tales: Categorisation and its discontents", *The Arvon Book of Crime and Thriller Writing* (2012), eds. Michelle Spring & Laurie R. King, Bloomsbury Publishing, pp. 150–153. ISBN 978-1-4081-3122-0
* "True confessions by John Gregory Dunne (1977)", *Books to Die For* (2012), eds. John Connolly & Declan Burke, Hodder & Stoughton, pp. 421–426. ISBN 978-1-444-75650-0

## InfoBox

| S. J. Rozan | |
| --- | --- |
| Rozan playing in annual basketball game at '06 Bouchercon.) | |
| Born | 1950 (age 7374)
New York City, U.S. |
| Pen name | Sam Cabot |
| Occupation | Writer |
| Education | Oberlin College (BA)
University at Buffalo (MArch) |
| Period | 1990 to Present |
| Genre | Detective fiction, thrillers |
| Notable works | *Absent Friends*
*Winter and Night* |
| Notable awards | * Anthony (1998) * Dilys (2012) * Edgar (2002, 2003) * Edward D. Hoch Memorial Golden Derringer (2022) * Macavity (2003) * Maltese Falcon-Japan (2009) * Nero (2003) * Shamus (1996, 2002) |
| Signature | |
|  | |
| Website | |
| www.sjrozan.net | |


title: Phyllonorycter ermani

abstract: Phyllonorycter ermani is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the island of Hokkaidō in Japan and the Russian Far East. The wingspan is 7-8.5 mm. The larvae feed on Alnus maximowiczii and Betula ermanii. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

text:
# Phyllonorycter ermani

***Phyllonorycter ermani*** is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the island of Hokkaidō in Japan and the Russian Far East.

The wingspan is 7-8.5 mm.

The larvae feed on *Alnus maximowiczii* and *Betula ermanii*. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

## InfoBox

| *Phyllonorycter ermani* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gracillariidae |
| Genus: | *Phyllonorycter* |
| Species: | ***P. ermani*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phyllonorycter ermani***<br>(Kumata, 1963) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Lithocolletis ermani* Kumata, 1963 | |


title: Dr. Death (1945 TV series)

abstract: Dr. Death was one of the earliest United States dramatic TV series. Produced and broadcast in New York City, it was broadcast in 1945 on WNBT, and was a four-part thriller. It was one of the earliest mini-series produced for television, though not the first, as the BBC in the UK had transmitted Ann and Harold in 1938.

text:
# Dr. Death (1945 TV series)

***Dr. Death*** was one of the earliest United States dramatic TV series. Produced and broadcast in New York City, it was broadcast in 1945 on WNBT, and was a four-part thriller. It was one of the earliest mini-series produced for television, though not the first, as the BBC in the UK had transmitted *Ann and Harold* in 1938 (it is not known if there were any other mini-series prior to 1945, as early television series are poorly documented).

## Production

The program was adapted from Cornell Woolrich's book *The Black Angel* by Ernest Colling, who also directed the show. The cast included Vinton Hayworth and Mary Patton.

## Reception

*Billboard* magazine reviewed the second episode of the series with a fairly positive review, saying that "The four-part thriller was well-acted" but also commenting on some of the limitations of the production.

## Episode status

As methods to record live television did not exist until late 1947, nothing remains of the series. It is not even known if any still photographs or scripts exist of the series.

1. "Tele Review". *Billboard*. Vol. 27, no. 7. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. February 17, 1945. p. 32. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved 2015-08-13.

## InfoBox

| *Dr. Death* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre |  |
| Starring |  |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of episodes | 4 |
| Production | |
| Production company | NBC Productions |
| Original release | |
| Network | WNBC |


title: Pibroch (vessel)

abstract: The Pibroch was a Clyde puffer that was built in Glasgow during 1957. It was one of the last of that type of vessel to survive. Built at Bowling, Scotland in 1957 as a diesel-engined boat for the Scottish Malt Distillers, she had been lying at Letterfrack, County Galway, Ireland, in desperate need of restoration, since 2002. The Pibroch deteriorated further as time passed, and her bulkheads began to give way. In 2010 she was sold and was subsequently scrapped. A sister-ship, the Julia T., Lies in 30 m of water in Killary Bay some 300 yards off Lettergesh.

text:
# Pibroch (vessel)

The **Pibroch** was a Clyde puffer that was built in Glasgow during 1957. It was one of the last of that type of vessel to survive. Built at Bowling, Scotland in 1957 as a diesel-engined boat for the Scottish Malt Distillers, she had been lying at Letterfrack, County Galway, Ireland, in desperate need of restoration, since 2002. The *Pibroch* deteriorated further as time passed, and her bulkheads began to give way. In 2010 she was sold and was subsequently scrapped. A sister-ship, the *Julia T.*, Lies in 30 m of water in Killary Bay some 300 yards off Lettergesh.


title: S. J. Revich

abstract: Stanley Joseph Revich was a Canadian author. He wrote under the name, S. J. Revich. Revich was born in Toronto, Ontario to immigrants to Canada from Eastern Europe. He attended Harbord Collegiate Institute, and studied medicine at the University of Toronto where he graduated in 1956 with an M.D. degree. After practicing medicine for thirty years, Revich began work on a series of novels with historical stories about the adventures of Jewish young people in Europe and the Middle East. He authored six books in the series, collectively titled "Tales from the East". The Tales from the East series was published by Bristol, Rhein, and Englander, and each volume sold several thousand copies worldwide. S. J. Revich died in Toronto on November 27, 2016. His most recent work departed from the Jewish themed work of his earlier novels to explore the more universal theme of humanity's encounters with nature.

text:
# S. J. Revich

**Stanley Joseph Revich** (January 19, 1932 – November 27, 2016) was a Canadian author. He wrote under the name, S. J. Revich.

Revich was born in Toronto, Ontario to immigrants to Canada from Eastern Europe. He attended Harbord Collegiate Institute, and studied medicine at the University of Toronto where he graduated in 1956 with an M.D. degree.

After practicing medicine for thirty years, Revich began work on a series of novels with historical stories about the adventures of Jewish young people in Europe and the Middle East. He authored six books in the series, collectively titled "*Tales from the East*". The Tales from the East series was published by *Bristol, Rhein, and Englander*, and each volume sold several thousand copies worldwide.

S. J. Revich died in Toronto on November 27, 2016. His most recent work departed from the Jewish themed work of his earlier novels to explore the more universal theme of humanity's encounters with nature.

## Bibliography

* *Ibrahim the Magician* (Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Bristol, Rhein, and Englander, June 1987)
* *The Camel Boy* (Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Bristol, Rhein, and Englander, June 1987)
* *Ezra the Physician* (Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Bristol, Rhein, and Englander, July 1988)
* *The Poet and the Thief*  (Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Bristol, Rhein, and Englander, June 1989)
* *The Lion Tamer* (Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Bristol, Rhein, and Englander, June 1990)
* *The Prince and the Scholar* (Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Bristol, Rhein, and Englander, June 1992)
* *Bobcat Baillie and Other Tales* (Revstan Publications, Toronto, September 2006)


title: Bravo Sport

abstract: Bravo Sport is a sports magazine for young people dedicated mainly to soccer in Germany. It is published by Bauer Media Group and has 72 pages. In addition to soccer, Bravo Sport also deals with other sports such as fun sports, Formula 1 or US sports. The magazine often contains an extra, such as stickers or megaposters in DIN A2 format. Each issue also includes posters showing soccer players or other athletes "in action". The cover is usually adorned by soccer players or other top athletes. The magazine also contains interviews with soccer players and other famous athletes as well as insights into private life and the training of the "stars". Bravo Sport also awards the Bravo Otto to soccer players, athletes and sports teams. The winners will be chosen by Bravo Sport readers. The magazine appeared in a new look from 14 January 2010. In addition, the lettering of the "Bravo Sport" logo was revised. Since 2019, the magazine has no longer been published every two weeks, but monthly. The paid circulation is 45,654 copies, a minus of 82.6 percent since 1998.

text:
# Bravo Sport

***Bravo Sport*** is a sports magazine for young people dedicated mainly to soccer in Germany. It is published by Bauer Media Group and has 72 pages.

In addition to soccer, *Bravo Sport* also deals with other sports such as fun sports, Formula 1 or US sports. The magazine often contains an extra, such as stickers or megaposters in DIN A2 format. Each issue also includes posters (DIN A4) showing soccer players or other athletes "in action". The cover is usually adorned by soccer players or other top athletes. The magazine also contains interviews with soccer players and other famous athletes as well as insights into private life and the training of the "stars".

*Bravo Sport* also awards the Bravo Otto to soccer players, athletes and sports teams. The winners will be chosen by Bravo Sport readers.

The magazine appeared in a new look from 14 January 2010 (issue 2/2010). In addition, the lettering of the "Bravo Sport" logo was revised.

Since 2019, the magazine has no longer been published every two weeks, but monthly. The paid circulation is 45,654 copies, a minus of 82.6 percent since 1998.


title: Pic-Nic

abstract: Pic-Nic was a Spanish teenage folk-pop and sunshine pop band formed in Barcelona in the mid-to-late 1960s, composed of lead singer Jeanette, guitarists Toti Soler and Al Cárdenas, drummer Jordi Barangé and bassist Isidoro "Doro" de Mentaberry. Although keyboardist Jordi Sabatés is often mentioned as a member of the band, he does not appear on any of the group's releases, having joined after their only published recording sessions had taken place. Pic-Nic was the successor to the short-lived group Brenner's Folk, originally founded by German-Venezuelan brothers Haakon and Vytas Brenner together with Soler, Barangé and Jeanette, an English girl who had recently moved to Spain after being raised in the United States. After releasing a four-song extended play for the label Edigsa in 1966, the Brenner brothers left the band, being replaced by Cárdenas and de Mentaberry. With this new formation and after signing to major label Hispavox, the group changed its name to Pic-Nic and released their lead single, the Jeanette-penned "Cállate niña", in late 1967. The record was a big hit during the spring of 1968, remaining on the top of the Spanish singles chart for ten consecutive weeks. The success of the song led to it being recorded in English for the international market as an EP alongside three other tracks. Throughout 1968, the band released two more singles—"Amanecer" and "Me olvidarás"—as well as their first and only self-titled studio album. Most of Pic-Nic's songs were written by Jeanette with the aid of Rafael Turia, a radioman who managed the band. Famous producer Rafael Trabucchelli was in charge of the records' arrangements, which moved the group's original compositions away from a strictly folk style. Pic-Nic soon broke up due to Jeanette's departure and the differences between Soler's vision and Hispavox's demands. In 1969, the label reissued their only album with a new track listing under the title Cállate niña. Following the group's dissolution, Soler formed the progressive rock band Om, enlisting de Mentaberry and Sabatés. On the other hand, Jeanette was recontacted by Hispavox and launched a successful solo career as a balladeer with the single "Soy rebelde" in 1971. Pic-Nic has since attained cult status and are celebrated for their California sound that set them apart from other local groups of their time. Their only full-length record was reissued in 2011 and has appeared in various critics' lists for the best Spanish pop music albums of all time.

text:
# Pic-Nic

**Pic-Nic** was a Spanish teenage folk-pop and sunshine pop band formed in Barcelona in the mid-to-late 1960s, composed of lead singer Jeanette, guitarists Toti Soler and Al Cárdenas, drummer Jordi Barangé and bassist Isidoro "Doro" de Mentaberry. Although keyboardist Jordi Sabatés is often mentioned as a member of the band, he does not appear on any of the group's releases, having joined after their only published recording sessions had taken place. Pic-Nic was the successor to the short-lived group Brenner's Folk, originally founded by German-Venezuelan brothers Haakon and Vytas Brenner together with Soler, Barangé and Jeanette, an English girl who had recently moved to Spain after being raised in the United States. After releasing a four-song extended play for the label Edigsa in 1966, the Brenner brothers left the band, being replaced by Cárdenas and de Mentaberry.

With this new formation and after signing to major label Hispavox, the group changed its name to Pic-Nic and released their lead single, the Jeanette-penned "Cállate niña", in late 1967. The record was a big hit during the spring of 1968, remaining on the top of the Spanish singles chart for ten consecutive weeks. The success of the song led to it being recorded in English for the international market as an EP alongside three other tracks. Throughout 1968, the band released two more singles—"Amanecer" and "Me olvidarás"—as well as their first and only self-titled studio album. Most of Pic-Nic's songs were written by Jeanette with the aid of Rafael Turia, a radioman who managed the band. Famous producer Rafael Trabucchelli was in charge of the records' arrangements, which moved the group's original compositions away from a strictly folk style.

Pic-Nic soon broke up due to Jeanette's departure and the differences between Soler's vision and Hispavox's demands. In 1969, the label reissued their only album with a new track listing under the title *Cállate niña*. Following the group's dissolution, Soler formed the progressive rock band Om, enlisting de Mentaberry and Sabatés. On the other hand, Jeanette was recontacted by Hispavox and launched a successful solo career as a balladeer with the single "Soy rebelde" in 1971. Pic-Nic has since attained cult status and are celebrated for their California sound that set them apart from other local groups of their time. Their only full-length record was reissued in 2011 and has appeared in various critics' lists for the best Spanish pop music albums of all time.

## History

### Origins as Brenner's Folk

After moving to Barcelona, the German-born Venezuelan brothers Haakon and Vytas Brenner formed the Vytas Brenner Quartet together with guitarist Toti Soler and drummer Jordi Barangé. Soler and Barangé had previously been part of Els Xerracs, a band influenced by the Shadows that released its only EP in 1965. A neighbor of the Brenner brothers introduced the group to fifteen-year-old Jeanette, who played guitar and had written a few songs, among them "Cállate niña". Jeanette was born in London and spent her childhood in Los Angeles until her parents' 1962 divorce, at which point she moved with her Spanish mother to Barcelona, bringing with her a musical taste for Californian folk rock. The band connected with Jeanette's sound and incorporated her as a singer, changing the group's name to Brenner's Folk, since they were no longer a quartet. She told *OC Weekly* in 2017: "They loved that kind of music, that kind of music over here in Spain was completely unknown. It was new, it was something people didn't hear of before." The band rehearsed in the large, wooden basement of an old pharmacy located on Via Laietana avenue, which they soundproofed with egg cartons.

In 1966, Brenner's Folk released their first and only extended play (EP) on the *Nova Cançó* record label Edigsa, which included four songs sung in Catalan: "Daurat oest", "Ho sé", "Clara lluna" and "Amor perdut". The release featured cover art by designer Jordi Fornás, and liner notes written by Jordi García-Soler that declared the influence of American folk music in the group and explained more about the genre. The EP was not commercially successful but today is regarded as a rarity that is highly valued by record collectors. It was remastered and reissued for the first time by Barcelonian label Wah Wah Records in 2018.

### Breakthrough with "Cállate niña"

Shortly after the release of their EP, the Brenner family decided to return to Venezuela and the rest of the band replaced them with Al Cárdenas and Isidoro "Doro" de Montaberry. This new iteration of Brenner's Folk was introduced to Madrid-based major label Hispavox thanks to Rafael Turia, a radioman at Barcelona's Radio Juventud that they had befriended and became their band manager. According to Lafonoteca's Roberto Macho, Turia was in charge of adapting the group's songs to Spanish. Pic-Nic recorded a demo at Radio Juventud's studios that greatly impressed the Hispavox's Rafael Trabucchelli, who thought it was an American group. Trabucchelli was a pioneer of music production in Spain and "one of the most influential figures in Spanish music between 1965 and 1975". While working for Hispavox, he developed the "characteristic lush sound" of the record label, which resulted from "sophisticated orchestral arrangements and studio wizardy". He is now described as the "Spanish Phil Spector", and his Wall of Sound production style is known as the "Torrelaguna Sound", named after the Torrelaguna Street in Madrid, where Hispavox Studios was based.

Trabucchelli flew the band to Madrid, signed them to Hispavox and changed their name to Pic-Nic for commercial reasons, as Brenner's Folk was too foreign of a name for Spanish audiences and the eponymous Brenners were no longer part of the group. "Cállate niña" was released as their debut single in November 1967. To promote the release, Pic-Nic appeared at the TVE program *Tele Ritmo* in Madrid. The single was a big hit and charted at the top spot of the national charts for ten consecutive weeks, becoming one of the most listened to songs in Spain during the spring of 1968 and the second best-selling single of the year in the country. After the success of their second single, "Amanecer" (backed by "No digas nada"), they got to record *Pic-Nic*, which would be their only LP record. In the United States, the album was released under the title *Cállate niña* by United Artists Records' subsidiary UA International. A review in *Cashbox* described it as "a most charming album, filled with sparkling, fresh lilting sounds". "Me olvidarás" was the band's last single, released in August 1968. The band also released the English-language EP *Hush, Little Baby*, which included versions of the songs that were on their first single, plus adaptations of "No digas nada" ("Blamin's Not Hard To Do") and "Música" ("You Heard My Voice"). By September 1968, *Billboard* reported that Pic-Nic would undergo a South American tour, though it never took place. The band took part in the film *Agáchate, que disparan*, starring Pili and Mili, which was filmed in 1968 and released on March 10, 1969.

Keyboardist Jordi Sabatés does not appear in any of Pic-Nic's releases, as he joined the band in its "second stage", although he did take part in later recording sessions that remain unreleased. He joined because of his close friendship with Toti Soler, with whom he shared musical tastes. Sabatés told Radio 3's José Miguel López in 2017: "We used to figure out João Gilberto's bossa novas that drove us crazy at that time, Oscar Peterson's solos ... We'd go down the street and sing Slam Stewart's solo on Lionel Hampton's "Stardust". Well, because of our friendship I began to play the organ in Pic-Nic. I have wonderful recordings of \[the band\] that are not like the cliché of "Cállate niña", but rather songs in English, similar to Peter, Paul and Mary but much more modern. It was a time that I remember with special happiness."

### Break-up and aftermath

> "There are two types of artists: those who adapt like chameleons to what is most convenient to earn instant money and those who want to stay true to a line, despite everything. We were only 16 to 18 years old and we didn't know exactly what we wanted. In the end, the record company got Jeanette, which is what they wanted, and the Pic-Nic group fell apart."

Toti Soler, *La Vanguardia*, December 1988.

Pic-Nic disbanded abruptly after Jeanette's family forced her to leave the group, as the nuns from her school alerted her mother that she was frequently missing class in order to fulfill her band obligations in Madrid. The singer recalled in 2017: "she was like in a shock like 'oh my god, my daughter is number one' and of course I was traveling and singing all over Spain. My mother said 'oh no, no way, you have to study, you have to go to school' \[so\] she took me out of the group and she made me go to school .... In the end, there was no support from my mother. Not at all, she did not want me to sing." At the same time, Soler maintained a tense relationship with Hispavox executives, as he complained that they had no control over the songs. Soler was unhappy with Trabucchelli's arrangements, and wished the band had longer instrumental sections.

According to *La Vanguardia*, the success of "Cállate niña" was such that it ended up disuniting the group, amid the pressures from the record company that wanted to continue exploiting the same "gold mine" at all costs. Despite the success that the group had during its existence, there were no great economic benefits for its members; one of the reasons may be that stated by Jeanette: "We signed a contract with hardly any advice. Some businessmen also made fun of us, perhaps because they saw us as children." Although Pic-Nic had already disbanded, Hispavox re-released their only studio album in 1969 under the name *Cállate niña*, since it was the title of their biggest hit. They also altered the order of the songs, including four new tracks: "Palabras, sonrisas, promesas", "Música", "Soy feliz" and "Oí tu voz".

After Jeanette's departure, the rest of the group briefly and unsuccessfully attempted to continue playing without her. Their last period was characterized by their live performances in a nightclub on the outskirts of Barcelona called Tropical and the development of a more modern sound that foreshadowed the formation of Om. The progressive rock project was founded by Soler after Pic-Nic's disbandment, together with Jordi Sabatés, Doro Montaberry and other musicians. They began their career as a backing band for other artists, including María del Mar Bonet and Pau Riba, with whom they recorded the album *Dioptria* in 1970. The following year, Om released their self-titled debut studio album on label Edigsa. Months after Pic-Nic's disbandment, Jeanette graduated high school and soon moved with the Hungarian athlete Laszio Kristofe to Vienna, where they wed and had a daughter. She was then contacted by Trabucchelli with the proposal to launch her solo career and so returned to Spain in 1971, recording the Manuel Alejandro-penned "Soy rebelde". Jeanette initially refused to sing it, as she wanted to keep the folk style she had with Pic-Nic, but agreed at Hispavox's insistence. The single was a major hit across the Spanish-speaking world, redefining her career as a world-famous romantic balladist. Jeanette's 1973 debut studio album, *Palabras, promesas*, included three reworkings of songs originally recorded with Pic-Nic: "Amanecer", "No digas nada" and "Él es distinto a ti".

## Musical style

Pic-Nic is considered an exponent of the California-styled sunshine pop and folk-pop genres that were popular in the United States at that time, and has been defined as "a local reflection of what was heard outside \[of Spain\] in 1968". The group's musical style was highly inspired by the contemporary folk and folk-rock sounds that came from the West Coast of the United States. Some of their influences included Bob Dylan, Donovan, the Mamas and the Papas and Peter, Paul and Mary. However, the group was not an out-and-out folk act, as producer and arranger Rafael Trabucchelli transformed their original folk ballads into something more unique. Music historian Javier de Castro noted that: "\[Pic-Nic's\] musical proposal was reminiscent of bands such as We Five, which mixed folk themes with electric instruments which made them, musically, closer to the Beatles than to Pete Seeger." Pic-Nic's music has also been considered mildly psychedelic. Pepe García Lloret described Pic-Nic's music as "delicious folk-pop, with drips of blues and acid rock, ethereal arrangements and introspective themes." Ignacio Juliá of *La Vanguardia* felt that the band's output was "always redirected to their own reality, bathed in acoustic delicacies and subtle electricity." Pic-Nic's sound anticipated a style of "hippie pop" that proliferated in Spain in the 1970s, exemplified by groups such as Mi Generación, Solera, Cánovas, Adolfo, Rodrigo y Guzmán, Nuevos Horizontes con José y Manuel, Amigos, Tílburi and Agamenón, among several others.

The group's output consisted of very simple songs with "sweet" melodies that barely surpassed the three-minute mark, in which Trabucchelli's arrangements stand out. According to Juan Puchades, the band was characterized by its "vaporous languor". Jeanette's ethereal vocals have been noted for her unique timbre—considered "child-like"—and her strong foreign accent. Pic-Nic's lyrics have been described as "preadolescent", and revolve around the theme of love, usually with a "melancholic touch". They are characterized by the use of metaphors, with sunrise and summer representing the beginning of love and, as a corollary, dusk and autumn evidencing the end of a relationship. Most of these songs were written by Jeanette with the aid of Rafael Turia, with a few compositions by Toti Soler and Vytas Brenner, as well as cover versions of other artists. "Cállate niña", a Jeanette composition based on the traditional lullaby "Hush, Little Baby", has been considered the song that best defines the spirit of Pic-Nic's music. According to Vicente Fabuel, the track "overflows with melody despite its simplicity, and its use of triangle, harmonica and a male backing vocal provide an absolutely ghostly quality."

## Legacy

Pic-Nic has achieved cult status, and has been called a "mythical" band of 1960s Spain by editor Álex Gómez-Font. Roberto Macho of Lafonoteca considered their sound to be unprecedented in the country's music scene, while music historian Álex Oro described it as "ahead of its time". Music journalist Vicente Fabuel described their music as "something never seen before, or since, in Spain". In 2020, *El Confidencial* considered that: "more than half a century later, \[Pic-Nic's songs\] are still a mainstay of Hispanic folk." *Efe Eme*'s Juan Puchades described them as a precursor of the sound of the Spanish indie pop of the second half of the 1990s, especially that of San Sebastián and its surroundings. The Pic-Nic songs "Negra estrella", "Cállate niña", "Me olvidarás", "En mis noches", "Amanecer" and "No digas nada" were covered by various indie pop artists as part of *Contemplaciones: Homenaje Iberoamericano a Jeanette*, a tribute album dedicated to Jeanette released by Lima-based independent record label Plastilina Records on October 2, 2015.

The band's only studio album has appeared in various critics' lists since the 2000s. In 2003, *Efe Eme* placed it at number 37 in its list of "The 100 Best Albums of Spanish Pop Music". *Rockdelux* ranked it number 81 in its 2004 special feature of "The 100 Best Spanish Albums of the 20th Century". Music journalists Tito Lesende and Fernando Neira included the album in their 2007 book of "201 albums to get hooked on Spanish pop-rock". In 2020, it appeared in an *El País* list of "15 record gems of Spanish pop-rock released in the sixties", which includes albums that "laid the foundation of pop music in \[Spain\]". *Pic-Nic* was re-released as a limited edition LP record in 2011 by ViNiLiSSSiMO, a reissue subsidiary of Spanish label Munster Records, with an inner leaflet containing liner notes written in English and Spanish by Vicente Fabuel and rare images of the band.

The group's biggest hit "Cállate niña" is regarded as a classic of Spanish pop music. In 2014, Diariocrítico.com placed it at number 8 on its list of the 100 best songs of Spanish pop. Chilean pop singer Javiera Mena, who has cited Jeannete as one of her biggest influences, covered Pic-Nic's "Negra estrella" in 2007.

## Discography

### Studio albums

* *Pic-Nic* (1968) \[Reissued as *Cállate niña* in 1969\]

### EPs

* *Hush, Little Baby* (1968)

### Singles

| Year | Titles | Peak position (Spain) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1967 | "Cállate niña" / "Negra estrella" | 1 |
| 1968 | "Amanecer" / "No digas nada" | 7 |
| | "Me olvidarás" / "Él es distinto a ti" |  |
|
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart. | | | | | | |
|

## InfoBox

| Pic-Nic | |
| --- | --- |
| Pic-Nic in 1968 | |
| Background information | |
| Also known as | * Pic Nic * Picnic |
| Origin | Barcelona, Spain |
| Genres |  |
| Years active | 1966 (1966)c. 1969 (1969) |
| Labels | Hispavox |
|  | |
| Past members |  |


title: Pungsan-eup

abstract: Pungsan-eup is a town in Andong in Southeast section of South Korea. It stands on the Nakdong River to the west of Andong's city center. It lies on the standard tourist course between downtown Andong and the Hahoe Maeul folk village in Pungcheon-myeon. Local landmarks include the Yucheon Museum of Hanji Art. Pungsan is a noted center of traditional Korean Confucianism, and is home to the former yangban lineages Pungsan Ryu, Pungsan Hong and Pungsan Kim.

text:
# Pungsan-eup

**Pungsan-eup** is a town in Andong in Southeast section of South Korea. It stands on the Nakdong River to the west of Andong's city center. It lies on the standard tourist course between downtown Andong and the Hahoe Maeul folk village in Pungcheon-myeon. Local landmarks include the Yucheon Museum of Hanji Art.

Pungsan is a noted center of traditional Korean Confucianism, and is home to the former *yangban* lineages Pungsan Ryu, Pungsan Hong and Pungsan Kim.

## Pungsan Hong

All ancestry of Andong's Pungsan Hong may be traced to the Goryeo dynasty's Hong Ji-gyeong later known as a great master of Korean classical verse in the Joseon Dynasty. The Pungsan Hong were known as yangban among yangbans. Hong Jin was a direct descendant of Hong Ji-gyeong.

## InfoBox

| Pungsan-eup | |
| --- | --- |
| Korean transcription(s) | |
| Hangul | 풍산읍 |
| Hanja | 豊山邑 |
| Revised Romanization | Pungsan-eup |
| McCune–Reischauer | P'ungsan ŭp |
| Coordinates: 36°34′48.04″N 128°34′19.09″E / 36.5800111°N 128.5719694°E / 36.5800111; 128.5719694 | |
| Country | South Korea |
| Administrative divisions | 34 *ri* |
| Area | |
| Total | 96.64 km2 (37.31 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| Total | 8,130 |
| Density | 84.1/km2 (218/sq mi) |


title: John Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Caithness

abstract: John Sinclair was a Scottish nobleman, 3rd Earl of Caithness and chief of the Clan Sinclair, a Scottish clan of the Scottish Highlands.

text:
# John Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Caithness

**John Sinclair** (died 1529) was a Scottish nobleman, 3rd Earl of Caithness and chief of the Clan Sinclair, a Scottish clan of the Scottish Highlands.

## Early life

He was the son of William Sinclair, 2nd Earl of Caithness and Margaret, daughter of Sir Gilbert Keith of Inverugie. His father had been killed at the Battle of Flodden in 1513.

## Earl of Caithness

Soon after Flodden, Adam Gordon, Earl of Sutherland and husband of Elizabeth Sutherland, 10th Countess of Sutherland, made overtures to John Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Caithness in anticipation of dangers in the North, and they entered into a bond of friendship for mutual alliance and support. This included an exchange of lands. John Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Caithness had sasine of the earldom on 24 November 1513. He received a charter from the Crown for himself and his wife Elizabeth Sutherland of Duffus that was dated 14 July 1527 for the lands of Keiss, Stane, and Rowdale in the earldom of Caithness and sheriffdom of Inverness. This charter also granted to William Sinclair, the earl's son and heir apparent, the earldom of Caithness under reservation of his father's life-rent, and his spouse's reasonable terce. On 18 July 1527, the earl received a charter for the lands of Greeneland and Wester Clyth in Caithness. A bond of "manhood" was entered into by John Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Caithness and William Sinclair, 5th Lord Sinclair dated 15 February 1528–29.

The Earl of Caithness and Earl of Sutherland later came into continuous opposition with each other and eventually Sutherland brought a case before the Lords of Council and Session to recover his lands. Gavin Dunbar, Bishop of Aberdeen pronounced his decision at Edinburgh on 24 March 1524, and both parties were satisfied and the two Earls lived in peace with each other from then onward. In 1528, the Earl of Caithness was one of those included in James V of Scotland's proposed extirpation of the "Kin of Clanquhattane" (Clan Chattan), although nothings seems to have been done about that troublesome clan. This was during the time of William Mackintosh, 15th of Mackintosh who was chief of the confederation of Clan Chattan.

John Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Caithness was killed in an expedition to Orkney in 1529. In 1528-29 there had been insurrection led by the brothers James Sinclair and Edward Sinclair who were from the Orkney Isles against William, Lord Sinclair who himself had wasted Orkney and Shetland the previous year. According to Roland Saint-Clair there had been a formidable but abortive attempt to separate the Orkneys from the dominion of the Crown. There had been great cruelties practiced by both sides. The Earl of Caithness coming to the aid of his kinsmen was slain with many of his followers at the Battle of Summerdale on 18 May 1529. The Earl of Caithness had been the author of this rebellion but in the battle his insurgents were encountered by James Sinclair, the Governor of Orkney, who defeated Caithness, killing him and five-hundred of his men.

## Family

He had married Elizabeth, daughter of William Sutherland, 5th of Duffus, and had the following children:

1. William Sinclair, Master of Caithness who died in 1527 without issue.
2. George Sinclair, 4th Earl of Caithness, heir and successor.
3. Janet Sinclair, married to Alexander Ross of Balnagown.
4. David Sinclair, a *natural* (illegitimate) son who was Bailie to the Bishop of Caithness. His elder brother George obtained a remission to imprison him in Castle Sinclair Girnigoe. David is also believed to have been the paternal ancestor of the noble Sinclair of Dun and Forss families. His wife was Margaret Calder, heiress of Dun, with whom he had the children: John the heir of Dun, William of Forss, Alexander, Henry, John the Archdeacon of Caithness, George and Donald.

## InfoBox

| John Sinclair | |
| --- | --- |
| Earl of Caithness | |
| Earl of Caithness Coat of Arms | |
| Predecessor | William Sinclair, 2nd Earl of Caithness |
| Successor | George Sinclair, 4th Earl of Caithness |
| Died | 1529 |
| Noble family | Clan Sinclair |
| Father | William Sinclair, 2nd Earl of Caithness |
| Mother | Margaret Keith |


title: Echinocereus salm-dyckianus

abstract: Echinocereus salm-dyckianus is a species of plant found in Mexico.

text:
# Echinocereus salm-dyckianus

***Echinocereus salm-dyckianus*** is a species of plant found in Mexico.

## Description

*Echinocereus salm-dyckianus* is a clumping columnar cactus with up to 97 shoots. The cylindrical stems are tapered towards their tip, 10 to 16.5 cm (3.9 to 6.5 in) long and have a diameter of 2.9 to 5.2 cm (1.1 to 2.0 in). There are seven to ten clearly blunt ribs, which are straight and slightly bumpy. There are 8 to 12 yellow to reddish brown radial spines. The two to four central spines, is terete longer and thicker than radial spines at 4 to 25 mm (0.16 to 0.98 in). The tubular-funnel-shaped flowers are pink to orange apricot with a magenta inside. They appear along the sides of the shoots from sharply pointed buds, are 8 to 10.3 cm (3.1 to 4.1 in) long and 4.4 to 6.5 cm (1.7 to 2.6 in) diameter with a hairy tube covered with white woolly hairs. This species is pollinated by hummingbirds and opens in the daytime and in the night. The fruit is round 20 to 24 mm (0.79 to 0.94 in) in length, greenish brown with white flesh and black seeds. Chromosome count is 4n=44.

## Distribution

*Echinocereus salm-dyckianus* is found in Sierra Saguaribo in eastern Sonora and Sierra Charuco, Rio Haciendita, La Bateria, Nabogame, Sierra Obscura in western Chihuahua, Mexico growing in Sierra Madre Occidental at elevation between 1699 to 2431 meters. Plants are found growing in canyons and rocky slopes in the shade growing along with *Echinocereus rigidissimus subsp. rubispinus*, *Echinocereus stolonifer*, *Echinocereus stolonifer subsp. tayopensis*, and *Echinocereus polyacanthus*.

## Taxonomy

This species was first described in 1856 by Frederick Scheer, who named it after Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck. The plant is distinguished from *Echinocereus scheeri* by having shorter spines and its stems.

## InfoBox

| *Echinocereus salm-dyckianus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Cactaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cactoideae |
| Genus: | *Echinocereus* |
| Species: | ***E. salm-dyckianus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Echinocereus salm-dyckianus***<br>Scheer | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| List * *Echinocereus salm-dyckianus* var. *noctiflorus* Heid 1944 * *Echinocereus salm-dyckianus* subsp. *obscuriensis* (A.B.Lau) W.Blum 1994 * *Echinocereus salm-dyckianus* f. *obscuriensis* (A.B.Lau) W.Rischer & Trocha 1999 * *Echinocereus scheeri* subsp. *obscuriensis* (A.B.Lau) U.Guzmán 2003 * *Echinocereus scheeri* var. *obscuriensis* A.B.Lau 1989 | |


title: Snipets

abstract:
Snipets was a series of 30-second to one-minute-long short films for children which were produced by Kaiser Broadcasting, and later Field Communications. They ran on Kaiser/Field TV stations as interstitials and were also syndicated to additional stations in the U.S. During its first year on the air, the theme song for Snipets was Popcorn by the band Hot Butter. Later, the opening was shortened to a card showing the word "SNIPETS" in plaid letters with a group of kids saying the name scattered, and was later changed to five green worm looking things with faces appearing one at a time, then saying in perfect unison "snipets". Approximately 100 Snipets were produced between 1972 and 1978. They aired until approximately sometime in 1982 on Field Communications Stations and held on for a few more years in sporadic showings on other non-Field Stations. Many of the more memorable ones are as follows:
-"Come Back Here Can", which showed kids how they could take a coffee can and a rubber band and create a toy that would roll back to them when pushed.
-"Buzzsaw", which teaches kids how to create a buzzsaw-like toy using string and some light wood.
-"Now!", which features a kid doing his homework, and many distractions coming up to him, and him shooing them away until he's done, upon which he asks the viewer, "Did you do your homework yet? I have." then announces, "Okay! NOW!" to which everything comes back up to him.
-"The Metric System", three separate skits teaching kids how to use the metric system for temperature, length, and weight.
-"Smile Gangs", a clip in an inner city neighborhood show a group of four kids walking together who come across another group of four kids. They briefly have a standoff, before they start smiling at one another, then all run off together. The skit ends with a voiceover saying, "Smiles are friend-makers."
-"Girls Can't Play Basketball", three boys shooting hoops are joined by a girl who would like to play, but one boy initially rebuffs her, but had really no excuse as to why he thinks girls wouldn't play basketball, and after she and him both make and miss a shot, he gives in and allows her to play with them.
-"Bad For You", features a green gruff man sitting in a chair eating candy, cakes, chips, and other things not considered good for you, and dismissing the advice people give to eat better foods. As he eats and rants, he visibly gets fatter and melts but stays in denial all the way to the end.
-"'Good For You' Foods", another skit about eating right showing proper foods, like meat, fish, fruits, and veggies as anamorphic athletes, while other foods, like soda pop, candy, and other snacks show way less athleticism. The voice-over ends with, "Next time you eat, eat to win!"

text:
# Snipets

***Snipets*** was a series of 30-second to one-minute-long short films for children which were produced by Kaiser Broadcasting, and later Field Communications. They ran on Kaiser/Field TV stations as interstitials and were also syndicated to additional stations in the U.S.

During its first year on the air, the theme song for *Snipets* was Popcorn by the band Hot Butter. Later, the opening was shortened to a card showing the word "SNIPETS" in plaid letters with a group of kids saying the name scattered (sounding like "sniiiiiiits"), and was later changed to five green worm looking things with faces appearing one at a time, then saying in perfect unison "snipets".

Approximately 100 Snipets were produced between 1972 and 1978. They aired until approximately sometime in 1982 on Field Communications Stations and held on for a few more years in sporadic showings on other non-Field Stations.

Many of the more memorable ones are as follows:

-"Come Back Here Can", which showed kids how they could take a coffee can and a rubber band and create a toy that would roll back to them when pushed.

-"Buzzsaw", which teaches kids how to create a buzzsaw-like toy using string and some light wood.

-"Now!", which features a kid doing his homework, and many distractions coming up to him (glass of milk, ball, and glove, TV, radio, telephone, etc.), and him shooing them away until he's done, upon which he asks the viewer, "Did you do your homework yet? I have." then announces, "Okay! NOW!" to which everything comes back up to him.

-"The Metric System", three separate skits teaching kids how to use the metric system for temperature, length, and weight. (Created during the 1970s failed attempt to convert the United States to metric.)

-"Smile Gangs", a clip in an inner city neighborhood show a group of four kids walking together who come across another group of four kids. They briefly have a standoff, before they start smiling at one another, then all run off together. The skit ends with a voiceover saying, "Smiles are friend-makers."

-"Girls Can't Play Basketball", three boys shooting hoops are joined by a girl who would like to play, but one boy initially rebuffs her, but had really no excuse as to why he thinks girls wouldn't play basketball, and after she and him both make and miss a shot, he gives in and allows her to play with them.

-"Bad For You", features a green gruff man sitting in a chair eating candy, cakes, chips, and other things not considered good for you, and dismissing the advice people give to eat better foods. As he eats and rants, he visibly gets fatter and melts but stays in denial all the way to the end.

-"'Good For You' Foods", another skit about eating right showing proper foods, like meat, fish, fruits, and veggies as anamorphic athletes, while other foods, like soda pop, candy, and other snacks show way less athleticism. The voice-over ends with, "Next time you eat, eat to win!"

## InfoBox

| *Snipets* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Children's |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Running time | 30 seconds to 1 minute |
| Production companies | Field Communications
Kaiser Broadcasting |
| Original release | |
| Release | 1972 (1972)
1982 (1982) |


title: T. J. Roberts

abstract: Thomas Jones Roberts was a British ornithologist who was known for his work on the wildlife of Pakistan. Amongst his works are Mammals of Pakistan and Birds of Pakistan.

text:
# T. J. Roberts

**Thomas Jones Roberts** (1924 – 2013) was a British ornithologist who was known for his work on the wildlife of Pakistan. Amongst his works are *Mammals of Pakistan* and *Birds of Pakistan*.

## Early life

Roberts was born to Sir William Roberts, a civil servant who worked in the Indian Agriculture Service. He first came to the region in 1946.

## Career

Roberts has been the managing director of Roberts Cotton Associates Ltd, a company founded by his father, since 1966.

## Awards

## Bibliography

* *Birds of Pakistan*. 2 volumes. First edition: 1991
* *The Mammals of Pakistan* (1977)
* *Butterflies of Pakistan* (2001)
* *Field Guide to the Small Mammals of Pakistan* (2005)
* *Field Guide to the Large and Medium-sized Mammals of Pakistan* (2005)


title: Robert Venables Sr.

abstract: Robert L. Venables Sr. was an American politician. He served as Democratic member of the Delaware Senate from 1989 to 2015, representing District 21. He graduated from Laurel High School. Venables died on December 18, 2021.

text:
# Robert Venables Sr.

**Robert L. Venables Sr.** (January 21, 1933 – December 18, 2021) was an American politician. He served as Democratic member of the Delaware Senate from 1989 to 2015, representing District 21. He graduated from Laurel High School. Venables died on December 18, 2021.

## Electoral history

* In 1988, Venables challenged incumbent Republican William Slatcher and won the general election by 93 votes with 5,033 votes total (50.5%) against Slatcher.
* In 1992, Venables was challenged by Slatcher for a rematch and won the general election with 7,595 votes (64%) against Slatcher.
* In 1994, Venables was unopposed for the general election, winning 5,299 votes.
* In 1998, Venables was unopposed for the general election, winning 6,142 votes.
* In 2002, Venables was unopposed for the general election, winning 7,756 votes.
* In 2004, Venables won the general election with 9,344 votes (59.6%) against Republican nominee Daniel Short.
* In 2008, Venables was unopposed for the general election, winning 12,603 votes.
* In 2012, Venables won the general election with 8,955 votes (55.9%) against Republican nominee Bryant Richardson and Libertarian candidate John Potter.
* In 2014, Venables was defeated by Republican Bryant Richardson in the general election. He won 4,514 votes (45.9%).

## InfoBox

| Robert Venables Sr. | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Delaware Senate
from the 21st district | |
| **In office**
January 10, 1989  January 13, 2015 | |
| Preceded by | William Slatcher |
| Succeeded by | Bryant Richardson |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1933-01-21)January 21, 1933
Bethel, Delaware, U.S. |
| Died | December 18, 2021(2021-12-18) (aged 88)
Delaware |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Residence | Laurel, Delaware |
| Alma mater | Laurel High School |
|  | |


title: Copatana River

abstract: Copatana River is a river of Amazonas state in north-western Brazil. It is a tributary of the Jutaí River, and flows into this river about 20 km (12 mi) before the Jutai merges into the Amazon River.

text:
# Copatana River

**Copatana River** is a river of Amazonas state in north-western Brazil. It is a tributary of the Jutaí River, and flows into this river about 20 km (12 mi) before the Jutai merges into the Amazon River.

## InfoBox

| Copatana River | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Amazonas state |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Jutaí River |
| coordinates | 2°51′S 66°56′W / 2.850°S 66.933°W / -2.850; -66.933 |


title: Primary physical custody

abstract: Primary physical custody is a term that is often used in child custody orders to denote the parent with whom a child spends or lives the majority of the time with. It is a term that is often used in cases where one parent has more time with his/her child than the other. Traditionally Courts have favored children having an exclusive home in order to encourage stability in children's lives. Fathers regularly report a perception that mothers are favored when deciding physical custody of infants. This may be in part because sexist laws have been passed in states that younger children should be with their mother until a certain age of maturity. Research by Joan B. Kelly, Ph.D., and Michael E. Lamb, Ph.D. have challenged this philosophy in recent years.

text:
# Primary physical custody

**Primary physical custody** is a term that is often used in child custody orders to denote the parent with whom a child spends or lives the majority of the time with. It is a term that is often used in cases where one parent has more time with his/her child than the other.

Traditionally Courts have favored children having an exclusive home in order to encourage stability in children's lives. Fathers regularly report a perception that mothers are favored when deciding physical custody of infants. This may be in part because sexist laws have been passed in states that younger children (of tender years) should be with their mother until a certain age of maturity. Research by Joan B. Kelly, Ph.D., and Michael E. Lamb, Ph.D. have challenged this philosophy in recent years.


title: S1PR4

abstract: Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 4 also known as S1PR4 is a human gene which encodes a G protein-coupled receptor which binds the lipid signaling molecule sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Hence this receptor is also known as S1P4.

text:
# S1PR4

**Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 4** also known as **S1PR4** is a human gene which encodes a G protein-coupled receptor which binds the lipid signaling molecule sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Hence this receptor is also known as **S1P4**.

## Function

This gene is a member of the endothelial differentiation, G-protein-coupled (EDG) receptor gene family. EDG receptors bind lysophospholipids or lysosphingolipids as ligands, and are involved in cell signalling in many different cell types. This EDG receptor gene is intronless and is specifically expressed in the lymphoid tissue.

## Evolution

### Paralogues to S1PR4 Gene

## Further reading

*This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.*

## InfoBox

| S1PR4 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Available structures  PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | S1PR4, EDG6, LPC1, S1P4, SLP4, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 4 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 603751; MGI: 1333809; HomoloGene: 2799; GeneCards: S1PR4; OMA:S1PR4 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_003775   NM\_010102   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_003766   NP\_034232   Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 3.17 – 3.18 Mb Chr 10: 81.33 – 81.34 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University

abstract:
Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University (PSRU.) is a university in Phitsanulok Province, Thailand.
The institute was upgraded to a university on 14 June 2004.

text:
# Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University

**Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University (PSRU.)** is a university in Phitsanulok Province, Thailand. The institute was upgraded to a university on 14 June 2004.

## History

The university was first established in 1926 as a teacher training school under the Royal Thai government's Primary School Act of 1921. King Rama VII bestowed the name **Phitsanuwittayayon School** and attended the opening on 7 January 1926, accompanied by Queen Ramphaiphanni. The school offered two years of training to Thai students who desired to become teachers in government schools.

A separate women's teacher training institution opened in 1933, and in 1956 both were combined to create **Pibulsongkram Teachers College**, named for then Prime Minister Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram. The teachers college began offering a bachelor of education degree in 1976. In 1981 it moved from its original sites on the Nan River to a new campus outside the city in Thung Thalaykaew.

The Education Act of 1984 allowed Pibulsongkram to offer degrees in other fields than education. On 14 February 1992 King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) bestowed the new name of Rajabhat Institute Pibulsongkram. The institute was upgraded to a university on 14 June 2004 when the king gave his approval to the 2004 Rajabhat University Act.

## Faculties

The university offers degrees in six faculties: education, humanities and social science, management, industrial technology, science and technology, and agricultural technology.

* Faculty of Education
* Faculty of Management Science
* Faculty of Science and Technology
* Faculty of Food and Agricultural Technology
* Faculty of Industrial Technology
* Faculty of Humanities and Social Science
* College of Local Management and Development
* College of Nursing
* Graduate School

16°49′41″N 100°12′37″E / 16.82806°N 100.21028°E / 16.82806; 100.21028


title: Pure Hank

abstract: Pure Hank is the forty-third studio album by American musician Hank Williams Jr. It was released by Warner Bros./Curb Records in April 1991. "If It Will, It Will" and "Angels Are Hard to Find" were released as singles with the former becoming Williams' final top 40 country single, peaking at #26, until the release of "I'm One of You" in 2003. The album peaked at number 8 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart and has been certified Gold by the RIAA. "Angels Are Hard to Find" is a re-recording of a song Hank had released on his 1974 album, Living Proof. This album's version was featured in the 2013 film Gravity. "(I've Got My) Future on Ice" is a Jimmy Martin cover. "Just to Satisfy You" is a cover of a Waylon Jennings song that Waylon released twice in the 1960s and recorded as a #1 duet with Willie Nelson in 1982. "Simple Man" is a cover of Lynyrd Skynyrd's 1973 classic from their debut album.

text:
# Pure Hank

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Pure Hank*** is the forty-third studio album by American musician Hank Williams Jr. It was released by Warner Bros./Curb Records in April 1991. "If It Will, It Will" and "Angels Are Hard to Find" were released as singles with the former becoming Williams' final top 40 country single, peaking at #26, until the release of "I'm One of You" in 2003. The album peaked at number 8 on the *Billboard* Top Country Albums chart and has been certified Gold by the RIAA.

"Angels Are Hard to Find" is a re-recording of a song Hank had released on his 1974 album, *Living Proof*. This album's version was featured in the 2013 film *Gravity*. "(I've Got My) Future on Ice" is a Jimmy Martin cover. "Just to Satisfy You" is a cover of a Waylon Jennings song that Waylon released twice in the 1960s and recorded as a #1 duet with Willie Nelson in 1982. "Simple Man" is a cover of Lynyrd Skynyrd's 1973 classic from their debut album.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "If It Will, It Will" | Hank Williams Jr. | 3:21 |
| 2. | "Angels Are Hard to Find" | Williams | 3:23 |
| 3. | "Kiss Mother Nature Goodbye" | Roger Murrah, J. B. Rudd | 3:44 |
| 4. | "(I've Got My) Future on Ice" | Jerry Crutchfield, Edria A. Humphrey | 3:04 |
| 5. | "Be Careful Who You Love (Arthur's Song)" | Harlan Howard | 4:34 |
| 6. | "Memphis Belle" | Williams | 3:28 |
| 7. | "Honky Tonk Train" | Williams | 3:31 |
| 8. | "Hollywood Honeys" | John Martin, James R. Pulte | 2:58 |
| 9. | "Just to Satisfy You" | Don Bowman, Waylon Jennings | 3:13 |
| 10. | "Simple Man" | Gary Rossington, Ronnie Van Zant | 6:03 |

## Personnel

## Chart performance

| Chart (1991) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| U.S. *Billboard* Top Country Albums | 8 |
| U.S. *Billboard* 200 | 50 |

## InfoBox

| Pure Hank | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Hank Williams Jr. | |
| Released | April 1991 (1991-04) |
| Studio | The Castle, Franklin TN, Digital Recorders, Emerald Sound Studios, Masterfonics Studios, Nashville, TN |
| Length | 37:17 |
| Label | Warner Bros./Curb |
| Producer | Barry Beckett
Jim Ed Norman
Hank Williams Jr. |
| Hank Williams Jr. chronology | |
| *America (The Way I See It)*
(1990) ***Pure Hank***
(1991) *Maverick*
(1992) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Pure Hank* | |
| 1. "If It Will, It Will"
Released: May 4, 1991 | |
|  | |


title: Experience Corps

abstract: AARP Foundation Experience Corps is an intergenerational, volunteer-based tutoring program that engages adults age 50 and older as literacy tutors for struggling students in public schools. The program aims to empower volunteers to serve in their community and work with America's most vulnerable children. As part of a network of branches and affiliates, each AARP Foundation Experience Corps site operates one of three tutoring models: one -to -one, small group, and literacy assistance. Local community organizations implement the program with the support of the AARP Foundation Experience Corps national office. Volunteers provide an average of 6–15 hours of support each week per week in the classroom, coaching and encouraging children who are not yet reading at grade level.

text:
# Experience Corps

**AARP Foundation Experience Corps** is an intergenerational, volunteer-based tutoring program that engages adults age 50 and older as literacy tutors for struggling students in public schools. The program aims to empower volunteers to serve in their community and work with America's most vulnerable children.

As part of a network of branches and affiliates, each AARP Foundation Experience Corps site operates one of three tutoring models: one -to -one, small group, and literacy assistance (where volunteers tutor and help teachers with classroom-wide activities). Local community organizations implement the program with the support of the AARP Foundation Experience Corps national office.

Volunteers provide an average of 6–15 hours of support each week per week in the classroom, coaching and encouraging children who are not yet reading at grade level.

## Research

AARP Foundation Experience Corps is an evidence-based intervention. Research shows that the program boosts student academic performance, helps schools and youth-serving organizations become more successful, and strengthens ties between these institutions and surrounding neighborhoods.

Johns Hopkins University and Washington University in St. Louis studies have also linked the program with improved health among volunteers. They found that older adults who volunteer in urban schools not only improve the educational experience of children, but also realize improvements in their own mental and physical health, including reduced symptoms of depression.

Students in the program have made greater gains in reading skill than their peers. Additionally, surveys of urban principals have shown that they welcome AARP Foundation Experience Corps in their schools because of the positive impact.

## Beginnings

The program had its beginnings in a 1988 concept paper by John W. Gardner, former Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare and founder of Common Cause. Gardner's idea was to create a new institution that would mobilize the time, talent, and experience of older Americans to revitalize their communities. He called it Experience Corps and later would become advisory board chair for the program's pilot project.

Gardner's notion became reality some seven years later with the launch of an Experience Corps pilot project. The Experience Corps pilot was designed in 1993–1995 by Dr. Linda Fried and Marc Freedman. In developing the program, they drew upon volunteering best practices and scientific evidence for the effective health promotion for older adults. Public/Private Ventures (P/PV), a nonprofit organization that develops innovative strategies to help disadvantaged children, served as the managing partner for this effort, working in close collaboration with the National Senior Service Corps of the Corporation for National Service (CNS) and researchers from Johns Hopkins University.

After a planning and start-up phase that began in summer 1995, an 18-month pilot was conducted in 12 schools in Philadelphia; the South Bronx; Minneapolis; Portland, (Oregon); and Port Arthur, (Texas). The first Experience Corps volunteers began participating in early 1996. Each of the five pilot projects was sponsored by a lead agency in those cities, either a Foster Grandparents or RSVP program in every case. The projects agreed to place teams of 15 half-time Experience Corps members in some of the neediest inner-city elementary schools in their communities. In return, each project received $175,000 for the two-year period to plan, develop, and implement Experience Corps in their city.

## Expansion

Beginning in 1997–1998, after the two-year pilot, the Corporation for National and Community Service provided additional funding for an expansion of Experience Corps (called the Seniors for Schools initiative). This new round of activity brought with it two key changes from the pilot phase. First, non-stipended opportunities were added for volunteers to serve on a less intensive basis than the 15-hour-a-week positions that were at the core of the program. As a result, an older person interested in becoming part of Experience Corps was provided greater choice in selecting a role within the program. Second, the program moved more significantly toward a focus on improving reading for low-income students in kindergarten through third grade. The Seniors for Schools program included the original five Experience Corps pilot projects and expanded to include projects in Boston; Cleveland; Kansas City; and Leesburg, (Florida).

Meanwhile, in January 1998 Public/Private Ventures helped spin off Encore.org (known as Civic Ventures at the time) as a new nonprofit organization to focus specifically on developing Experience Corps, and more broadly on creating new civic roles for Americans 50+ in our society. Encore.org quickly raised funds to further expand Experience Corps, including two ongoing demonstration projects: One initiative adapted the in-school Experience Corps model to the non-school hours, working in YMCAs, Boys and Girls Clubs, and other community youth organizations. The second tested the use of seed grants to expand the elementary school model to new cities, including San Francisco; Washington, D.C.; Indianapolis; Phoenix; and Durham. Since 1999, two additional Experience Corps projects, focused on the in-school model, began operating in Baltimore (through Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health) and New York City (through United Neighborhood Houses).

In 2008, the Center for Social Development at Washington University in St. Louis conducted a national evaluation of the Experience Corps. The evaluation found that 99% of tutors thought they helped the children they worked with, and 58% of volunteers indicated they would be "very likely" to continue volunteering after the first year.

```
In late 2011, Experience Corps joined forces with AARP, becoming part of AARP Foundation — the charitable affiliate of AARP — in 2015. The program's intergenerational approach supported the Foundation's goal to help adults 50+ win back opportunity, take control and reconnect with their communities.
```
1. "Experience Corps: Research Studies". *AARP*.
2. Hong, S. I.; Morrow-Howell, N. (2010). "Health outcomes of Experience Corps: A high-commitment volunteer program". *Social Science & Medicine*. **71** (2): 414–420. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.04.009. PMID 20510493.
3. Lee, Yung Soo; Morrow-Howell, Nancy; Jonson-Reid, Melissa; McCrary, Stacey (2012). "The Effect of the Experience Corps Program on Student Reading Outcomes". *Education and Urban Society*. **44**: 97–118. doi:10.1177/0013124510381262. S2CID 145259284.
4. Glass, T. A. (1 March 2004). "Experience Corps: Design of an Intergenerational Program to Boost Social Capital and Promote the Health of an Aging Society". *Journal of Urban Health*. **81** (1): 94–105. doi:10.1093/jurban/jth096. PMC 3456133. PMID 15047788.
5. "Experience Corps: The Volunteer Experience". *Washington University Open Scholarship*.

## Further reading

* McBride, Amanda M.; Gonzales, Ernest; Morrow-Howell, Nancy; McCrary, Stacey (2009). "A Case for Stipends in Volunteer Service: CSD Working Papers No. 09-12". George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.493.9910. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)


title: São José da Coroa Grande

abstract: São José da Coroa Grande is a city in Pernambuco with 21,586 inhabitants. It is southernmost city of the state on the coast section.

text:
# São José da Coroa Grande

**São José da Coroa Grande** (English: *Saint Joseph of Crown Big*) is a city in Pernambuco with 21,586 inhabitants. It is southernmost city of the state on the coast section.

## Geography

## Beaches

* **Gravatá beach**

Used for underwater fishing. Although still primitive, has vast area of coconut trees, mangrove vegetation and weak waves.

* **Barra da Cruz beach**

As Gravatá beach and Várzea do Una, is suitable for hunting underwater.

* **Várzea do Una beach**

Bay with strong waves, large strip of sand. Also is suitable for fishing underwater and is located in the estuary of Una River.

* **Coroa Grande beach**

Which means *great crown*, is located in the urban coast of the city. Has weak waves and sand banks up to the natural reefs, about 600 yards from the beach.

## Economy

The main economic activities in **São José da Coroa Grande** are based in tourism, artisanal fishing and agriculture, especially sugarcane and coconuts.

### Economic Indicators

| Population | GDP x(1000 R$). | GDP pc (R$) | PE |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18.555 | 54.380 | 3.182 | 0.09% |
|

**Economy by Sector** 2006

| Primary sector | Secondary sector | Service sector |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 10.65% | 10.69% | 78.66% |
|

### Health Indicators

| HDI (2000) | Hospitals (2007) | Hospitals beds (2007) | Children's Mortality every 1000 (2005) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 0.628 | 1 | 22 | 12.6 |
|

8°54′S 35°09′W / 8.900°S 35.150°W / -8.900; -35.150


title: Billy Tanner

abstract: Billy Tanner IV is an American former professional stock car racing driver who has previously competed in the ARCA Re/Max Series.

text:
# Billy Tanner

**Billy Tanner IV** (born November 15, 1981) is an American former professional stock car racing driver who has previously competed in the ARCA Re/Max Series.

## Racing career

Tanner, a fourth generation driver whose father raced at various tracks in Pennsylvania, began his professional racing start at the age of nine, where he competed in the Super DIRTcar Big-Block Modified Series at Nazareth Speedway, where he started 28th and finished in 22nd. Afterwards, he competed in various events in the Northeast, primarily driving quarter midgets, dirt sportsmen and 358 Dirt modifieds. In 2006, he competed in the Race of Champions North Series, where he finished sixth in points, and the Southern division, where he finished seventh in points.

In 2007, Tanner participated in the pre-season for the ARCA Re/Max Series at Daytona International Speedway, driving the No. 75 Ford, where he placed in the top-25 in the timesheet across the three days of testing. He later made his debut for the team several days later, where he qualified in 26th and finished one lap down in 21st. Afterwards, he joined Stott Classic Racing for his next race at Kentucky Speedway, driving the No. 07 Chevrolet, where he finished two laps down in seventeenth place. He then ran the next three races at Toledo Speedway, Iowa Speedway, and Pocono Raceway, where he finished nineteenth, 24th, and 27th respectively. Tanner would not return until the series' return to Kentucky, where he started 29th and finished in 37th due to a crash early in the race. In his next race at Pocono, Tanner benefited from a number of accidents that marred the event to finish fourteenth after starting in 26th. He then failed to reach the top-twenty in the next three races at Nashville Superspeedway, the Illinois State Fairgrounds dirt track, and the Milwaukee Mile, where he was just outside the top-ten before suffering an engine failure midway through the latter race, finishing 21st, 26th, and 29th respectively. Afterwards, he came back to finish in sixteenth position at Gateway International Raceway before running his penultimate race of the year at Chicagoland Speedway, where he finished in nineteenth after starting in 21st. In his last start of the year at Talladega Superspeedway, Tanner had been in the top-fifteen for the majority of the race before Michael McDowell lost a tire with less than twenty laps to go, causing a multi-car accident, which involved Tanner and put him out of the race, placing him 36th in the final results. After the crash, Tanner made comments criticizing McDowell during an interview on the SPEED Channel, which led to Tanner and Stott Classic Racing to issue a formal apology. Although he had hoped to compete the full ARCA schedule in 2008, this would ultimately not come to fruition, and he has not raced in the series since then.

## Motorsports results

### ARCA Re/Max Series

(key) (**Bold** – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. *Italics* – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led. \** – All laps led.)

| ARCA Re/Max Series results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | ARMC | Pts | Ref |
| 2007 | Bob Schacht Motorsports | 75 | Ford | DAY
21 | USA | NSH | SLM | KAN | WIN |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 29th | 1460 |  |
| | Stott Classic Racing | 07 | Chevy | | | |  | | | | | | KEN
17 |  | IOW
24 | POC
27 | MCH | BLN | KEN
37 | POC
14 | NSH
21 |  | MIL
29 | GTW
16 | DSF | CHI
19 | SLM | TAL
36 | TOL |
| | | Pontiac |  | | | | | | | | | | TOL
19 |  | | | | | | | ISF
26 |  | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Billy Tanner | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1981-11-15) November 15, 1981
Newtown, Pennsylvania |
| ARCA Menards Series career | |
| 13 races run over 1 year | |
| Best finish | 29th (2007) |
| First race | 2007 Daytona ARCA 200 (Salem) |
| Last race | 2007 ARCA REMAX 250 (DuQuoin) |
| Wins Top tens Poles  0 0 0 | |
|  | |
| *Statistics current as of May 13, 2024.* | |


title: Coparmex

abstract: Coparmex or Confederación Patronal de la República Mexicana is the Mexican Employers' Association. Current president: Fernando Treviño Núñez, The Employers Confederation of the Mexican Republic (COPARMEX) is a voluntary membership business organization, looking through representation in the workplace and society. Its more than 36,000 member companies across the country are responsible for 30% of GDP and 4.8 million formal jobs. COPARMEX consists of a network of 65 business centers, 10 Federations, 3 Performances and 14 delegations in all states of the Republic. In addition, 28 national working committees dedicated to the study and creation of proposals on major issues of the economy and society.

text:
# Coparmex

**Coparmex** or **Confederación Patronal de la República Mexicana** is the Mexican Employers' Association.

Current president (March 2020): Fernando Treviño Núñez,

The **Employers Confederation of the Mexican Republic (COPARMEX)** is a voluntary membership business organization, looking through representation in the workplace and society. Its more than 36,000 member companies across the country are responsible for 30% of GDP and 4.8 million formal jobs.

COPARMEX consists of a network of 65 business centers, 10 Federations, 3 Performances and 14 delegations in all states of the Republic. In addition, 28 national working committees dedicated to the study and creation of proposals on major issues of the economy and society.

## History of Coparmex

COPARMEX was founded on September 26, 1929, at the initiative of Luis G. Sada, a Monterrey industrialist who in Industrial Delegations Convention of the Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce and Industry released his idea of forming a separate organization to the Chambers established by law.

## Stated Mission

Contribute to the establishment of conditions for the prosperity of all Mexicans that promote increasing social cohesion, for companies to develop, multiply and do their job-creating role of wealth and social responsibility.