title: Charles Peale Polk

abstract: Charles Peale Polk was an American portrait painter and the nephew of artist Charles Willson Peale.

text:
# Charles Peale Polk

**Charles Peale Polk** (March 17, 1767 – May 6, 1822) was an American portrait painter and the nephew of artist Charles Willson Peale.

## Biography

Polk was born in Annapolis, Maryland, to Elizabeth Digby Peale and Robert Polk. At age eight or ten (sources vary on the exact age), after being orphaned, he was sent to Philadelphia to live with his uncle and study art. He was married by the time he was eighteen and Philadelphia was his permanent residence. By the time he was in his twenties, Polk was advertising himself as a portrait artist in Baltimore newspapers. He was apparently not at all successful since he returned to Philadelphia within a matter of a couple years, advertising his services as a house and sign painter. But he continued his artistic pursuits, and by 1800 he had opened exhibitions in Baltimore. In 1800, he held government office in Washington, D.C. at the National Gallery of Art....

## Artistry

Polk’s earliest paintings were copies of his uncle's originals and he was highly dependent on his uncle's training and guidance. He continued to make copies of many paintings including his own. It is said that he produced fifty-seven reproductions of his George Washington portrait. He was commissioned to do thirty five paintings and this was his largest group of works from any period. He eventually opened a drawing school and a dry-goods business. Both ventures failed and he moved to Frederick County, Maryland. During his period as a politician, he produced few oil paintings. However, he did produce "verre églomisé" miniatures which were made by scratching a gold leaf profile into a glass plate and painting black in the surrounding areas. Ultimately, he took up life as a farmer in Virginia two years before his death.

In his depiction of Anna Maria Cumpston he delicately depicts a girl holding a flower. Her arms are awkwardly posed and her gaze is blank. Equally blank is her facial expression, which is lifeless and lacks any emotional depiction. The background shows some soft trees against a cloudy sky. To the right is an unbalanced large countertop. The light values of the countertop are weighted on the opposite side by the dark trees and floors. The dress is elegant and the figure glows apparently bathed in light. The content seems to be meaningless and chosen more for its visual appeal and shape. This work is very much like other works of this time period and era.

In comparing Polk’s works to Joshua Johnson, they have very similar style in positioning objects and creating composition. The awkwardness of the works is actually somewhat appealing for both artists and probably deliberate. Both artists often have subjects holding objects in a way that while unnatural also brings interests and causes the hands to be shaped in a visually interesting way. The art work of both avoids expressiveness and instead chooses to emphasize capturing some likeness of the subject.

1. Anna Maria Cumpston. The National Gallery of Art.
2. Charles Peale Polk. Maryland ArtSource.
3. Charles Peale Polk – Biography. National Gallery of Art.


title: Sisyranthus

abstract:
Sisyranthus is a group of plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1838. It is native to southern Africa.
  - Species

text:
# Sisyranthus

***Sisyranthus*** is a group of plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1838. It is native to southern Africa.

Species  1. *Sisyranthus anceps* Schltr. \- South Africa
2. *Sisyranthus barbatus* N.E.Br. \- Eastern Cape Province
3. *Sisyranthus compactus* N.E.Br. \- KwaZulu-Natal
4. *Sisyranthus fanninii* N.E.Br. \- South Africa
5. *Sisyranthus fimbriatus* Schltr. \- South Africa
6. *Sisyranthus franksiae* N.E.Br. \- South Africa
7. *Sisyranthus huttoniae* S.Moore \- South Africa
8. *Sisyranthus imberbis* Harv. \- South Africa
9. *Sisyranthus macer* Schltr. \- South Africa
10. *Sisyranthus randii* S.Moore \- South Africa
11. *Sisyranthus rhodesicus* Weim. \- Zimbabwe
12. *Sisyranthus rotatus* Schltr. \- South Africa
13. *Sisyranthus saundersiae* N.E.Br. \- KwaZulu-Natal
14. *Sisyranthus schizoglossoides* Schltr. \- South Africa
15. *Sisyranthus trichostomus* K.Schum. \- South Africa
16. *Sisyranthus virgatus* E.Mey. \- South Africa

## InfoBox

| *Sisyranthus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Sisyranthus virgatus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Apocynaceae |
| Subfamily: | Asclepiadoideae |
| Tribe: | Ceropegieae |
| Genus: | *Sisyranthus*
E.Mey. |
|
| Type species | |
| *Sisyranthus virgatus*
E.Mey. | |


title: Charlie Looker

abstract: Charles A. Looker is an American composer, improviser, vocalist, and guitarist known for his work in experimental metal, contemporary classical, avant-jazz, and Renaissance and Medieval musical forms.

text:
# Charlie Looker

**Charles A. Looker** (born May 23, 1980) is an American composer, improviser, vocalist, and guitarist known for his work in experimental metal, contemporary classical, avant-jazz, and Renaissance and Medieval musical forms.

## Education and career

Looker is a graduate of Wesleyan University, where he studied with Anthony Braxton and Alvin Lucier.

Alongside his work as a solo artist, Looker also leads an Early/Renaissance-music inspired project, Seaven Teares; performs improvised "death-jazz" with Period, whose rotating cast includes Darius Jones, Chuck Bettis, and Mike Pride; played in Sculptress, a duo with Chuck Stern; and leads the industrial-metal duo Psalm Zero, formerly alongside Castevet's Andrew Hock. He is the songwriter, guitarist, and lead vocalist for avant-rock band Extra Life and a former member and co-founder of avant-garde band Zs. He worked with Dirty Projectors and appears on their record *Rise Above*. Other collaborators include M Lamar, Mariel Roberts, Ty Braxton, Mary Halvorson, Mick Barr, Tim Berne, Nat Baldwin, Earle Brown, Sam Mickens, Kelly Moran, Dax Riggs, Lingua Ignota, Matthew Welch, Stu Watson, William Parker, and Glenn Branca.

He founded Last Things Records, a label that has released recordings by Extra Life, Larkin Grimm, The Parenthetical Girls, Psalm Zero, and Sculptress.

In 2011, Looker was named one of NPR Music's "Top 100 Composers Under 40".

## Discography

### As leader

| Year | Artist | Title | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2002 | Lavender | *Get Your Eye* | Newsonic |
| 2006 | Extra Life | *Three-Song EP* | FuckingA |
| 2008 | Extra Life | *A Split* (EP) | Shatter Your Leaves |
| 2008 | Extra Life | *Secular Works* | Planaria / I & Ear / LOAF |
| 2010 | Extra Life | *Made Flesh* | LOAF / Africantape |
| 2011 | Extra Life | *Ripped Heart* (EP) | Last Things |
| 2012 | Extra Life | *Dream Seeds* | Northern Spy |
| 2013 | Seaven Teares | *Power Ballads* | Northern Spy |
| 2014 | Psalm Zero | *The Drain* | Profound Lore |
| 2016 | Psalm Zero | *Stranger to Violence* | Profound Lore |
| 2018 | Charlie Looker | *Simple Answers* | Last Things |
| 2020 | Psalm Zero | *Sparta* | Last Things |
| 2020 | Charlie Looker | *Pleasures Of A Normal Man* | Last Things |
| 2020 | Seaven Teares | *Older Than Love* |  |
| 2022 | Extra Life | *Secular Works, Vol. 2* | Last Things |
| 2024 | Extra Life | *The Sacred Vowel* | Last Things |

### As co-leader

| Year | Artist | Title | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | Daniel Carter / Charlie Looker / Greg Stare | *Light* | Aristocracy Communication |
| 2003 | Zs | *Zs* | Troubleman Unlimited |
| 2005 | Zs | *Buck* | Folding Cassettes |
| 2005 | Zs | *Karate Bump* (EP) | Planaria |
| 2006 | PERIOD | *PERIOD* | FuckingA |
| 2006 | Seductive Sprigs | *Seductive Sprigs* | FuckingA |
| 2007 | Zs | *Arms* | Planaria |
| 2008 | Zs | *The Hard* (EP) | Three One G |
| 2011 | Sculptress | *Cuckold* | Last Things |
| 2012 | Zs | *The Complete Sextet Works 2002-2007* | Northern Spy |
| 2014 | PERIOD | *PERIOD 2* | Public Eyesore |
| 2021 | Jeremiah Cymerman / Charlie Looker | *A Horizon Made of Canvas* | Astral Spirits |

### As sideperson

| Year | Artist | Title | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2002 | Alvin Lucier | *Vespers and Other Early Works* | New World Records |
| 2002 | Matthew Welch | *Ceol Nua* | Leo Records |
| 2005 | Mike Pride | *Scrambler* | Not Two Records |
| 2006 | Earle Brown | *Folio and Four Systems* | Tzadik |
| 2007 | Dirty Projectors | *Rise Above* | Dead Oceans |
| 2016 | Tredici Bacci | *Amore Per Tutti* | NNA |
| 2017 | M Lamar | *Surveillance Punishment and the Black Psyche* | Negrogothic |
| 2021 | Xiu Xiu | *OH NO* | Polyvinyl |
| 2023 | Xiu Xiu | *Ignore Grief* | Polyvinyl |

## InfoBox

| Charlie Looker | |
| --- | --- |
| The Charlie Looker Ensemble performing at Knockdown Center in Queens, 2017 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Charles A. Looker |
| Born | (1980-05-23) May 23, 1980<br>New York City |
| Instruments | * Vocals * guitar * keyboards |
| Labels |  |
|  | |
| Website | charlielooker.com |


title: Charles Stephens (daredevil)

abstract: Charles Stephens or the Demon Barber of Bedminster was an English barber and daredevil. Stephens was the first person to die attempting to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel. He is also the third person and second man to attempt this stunt. A barber living and working in Bristol, Stephens started performing stunts to support his family, which included his wife, Annie, and their 11 children. Charles moved to Ferndale in the Rhondda Valleys where he worked as a barber. After calling the stunt a "cool commercial proposition", Stephens went over the Horseshoe Falls in an oak barrel, using an anvil for ballast; this proved to be fatal. Stephens ignored warnings from his advisers, fellow Niagara daredevils Bobby Leach and William "Red" Hill Sr., who suggested he test the barrel before going over the Falls. Stephens had not only strapped himself into the barrel but also strapped his feet to the anvil. As a result, Stephens was dragged under the Falls after the anvil broke the bottom of the barrel. Stephens' severed right arm, the only part recovered, is buried in the Drummond Hills Cemetery in Niagara Falls, Ontario. He received a Darwin Award in 1994, 74 years after his death.

text:
# Charles Stephens (daredevil)

**Charles Stephens** or the **Demon Barber of Bedminster** (1862 – 11 July 1920) was an English barber and daredevil. Stephens was the first person to die attempting to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel. He is also the third person and second man to attempt this stunt. A barber living and working in Bristol, Stephens started performing stunts to support his family, which included his wife, Annie, and their 11 children. Charles moved to Ferndale in the Rhondda Valleys where he worked as a barber.

After calling the stunt a "cool commercial proposition", Stephens went over the Horseshoe Falls in an oak barrel, using an anvil for ballast; this proved to be fatal. Stephens ignored warnings from his advisers, fellow Niagara daredevils Bobby Leach and William "Red" Hill Sr., who suggested he test the barrel before going over the Falls. Stephens had not only strapped himself into the barrel but also strapped his feet to the anvil. As a result, Stephens was dragged under the Falls after the anvil broke the bottom of the barrel. Stephens' severed right arm, the only part recovered, is buried in the Drummond Hills Cemetery in Niagara Falls, Ontario. He received a Darwin Award in 1994, 74 years after his death.

## InfoBox

| Charles Stephens | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1862
Bristol, England |
| Died | 11 July 1920(1920-07-11) (aged 57–58)
Niagara Falls |
| Resting place | Drummond Hill Cemetery |
| Nationality | English |
| Occupations | * Barber * daredevil |
| Known for | Being the first person to die attempting to go over Niagara Falls |
| Spouse | Annie Stephens |
| Children | 11 |


title: Charles Stephen Longuet

abstract: Charles Stephen Longuet was the 27th Mayor of Invercargill from 1901 to 1902, and from 1909 to 1910. He had been on the Borough Council since 1897. He was born in Bluff and educated in Invercargill. A lawyer, he was called to the bar in 1890 and had been the President of the Law Society.

text:
# Charles Stephen Longuet

**Charles Stephen Longuet** (1861 – 10 October 1941) was the 27th Mayor of Invercargill from 1901 to 1902, and from 1909 to 1910. He had been on the Borough Council since 1897.

He was born in Bluff and educated in Invercargill. A lawyer, he was called to the bar in 1890 and had been the President of the Law Society.

* Scholefield, Guy (1908). *Who's Who in New Zealand and the Western Pacific*. Wellington: Gordon & Gotch. p. 98.
* Scholefield, Guy (1924) \[1908\]. *Who's Who in New Zealand and the Western Pacific*. Wellington: Gordon & Gotch. p. 132.
* *Cyclopaedia of New Zealand* (1905); reference to Councillors Longuet and Lillicrap

## InfoBox

| Charles Stephen Longuet | |
| --- | --- |
| Charles Longuet | |
|  | |
| Mayor of Invercargill | |
| **In office**
1909–1910 | |
| **In office**
1901–1902 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1861
Bluff, New Zealand |
| Died | 10 October 1941 (aged 80) |
|  | |


title: Sixth Lake

abstract: Sixth Lake is located near Inlet, New York. It is part of the Fulton Chain Lakes. The inlet is connected to Seventh Lake by a channel and the outlet is connected to Fifth Lake by a creek. Fish species present in the lake are brown trout, lake whitefish, lake trout, smelt, splake, rainbow trout, white sucker, black bullhead, yellow perch, and pumpkinseed sunfish. There is access via a channel from Seventh Lake.

text:
# Sixth Lake

**Sixth Lake** is located near Inlet, New York. It is part of the Fulton Chain Lakes. The inlet is connected to Seventh Lake by a channel and the outlet is connected to Fifth Lake by a creek. Fish species present in the lake are brown trout, lake whitefish, lake trout, smelt, splake, rainbow trout, white sucker, black bullhead, yellow perch, and pumpkinseed sunfish. There is access via a channel from Seventh Lake.

## InfoBox

| Sixth Lake | |
| --- | --- |
| Sixth LakeLocation within New YorkSixth LakeSixth Lake (the United States) | |
| Location | Hamilton County, New York |
| Coordinates | 43°44′57″N 74°46′24″W / 43.7492321°N 74.7732258°W / 43.7492321; -74.7732258 |
| Type | Lake |
| Primary inflows | Seventh Lake |
| Primary outflows | Fifth Lake |
| Basin countries | United States |
|  | |
| Surface area | 108 acres (0.44 km2) |
| Average depth | 12 feet (3.7 m) |
| Max. depth | 38 feet (12 m) |
| Shore length1 | 3.8 miles (6.1 km) |
| Surface elevation | 1,785 feet (544 m) |
|  | |
| Islands | **4** |
| Settlements | Inlet, New York |
| 1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure. | |


title: Sirhind railway station

abstract: Sirhind Junction railway station is located in Fatehgarh Sahib district in the Indian state of Punjab and serves Sirhind & Fatehgarh Sahib. Sirhind Junction is situated on Attari–Delhi line and connect Sirhind–Una line. Sirhind Junction comes under Northern Railway zone in Ambala railway division.

text:
# Sirhind railway station

**Sirhind Junction railway station** is located in Fatehgarh Sahib district in the Indian state of Punjab and serves Sirhind & Fatehgarh Sahib. Sirhind Junction is situated on Attari–Delhi line and connect Sirhind–Una line. Sirhind Junction comes under Northern Railway zone in Ambala railway division.

## The railway station

Sirhind railway station is at an elevation of 271 metres (889 ft) and was assigned the code – SIR.

## Proposed Image

## History

The Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway completed the 483 km (300 mi)-long Amritsar–Ambala–Saharanpur–Ghaziabad line in 1870 connecting Multan (now in Pakistan) with Delhi.

The Sirhind–Nangal line was opened in 1927.

## Electrification

The Shahbad Markanda-Mandi Gobindgarh sector was electrified in 1995–96.

## InfoBox

| Sirhind Junction | |
| --- | --- |
| Indian Railways junction station | |
| General information | |
| Location | Main Market, Sirhind, Punjab<br>India |
| Coordinates | 30°37′27″N 76°22′56″E / 30.6242°N 76.3822°E / 30.6242; 76.3822 |
| Elevation | 271 metres (889 ft) |
| Owned by | Indian Railways |
| Operated by | Northern Railway |
| Line(s) |  |
| Platforms | 3 |
| Tracks | 7 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Standard on ground |
| Parking | Yes |
| Bicycle facilities | No |
| Other information | |
| Status | Functioning |
| Station code | SIR |
| Division(s) | Ambala |
| History | |
| Opened | 1870 |
| Electrified | 1995-1996 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Indian Railways Following station  Sadhoo Garhtowards ?   Northern Railway zoneAmbala–Attari line  Mandi Gobindgarhtowards ?   *Terminus*  Northern Railway zoneSirhind–Nangal line  Fatehgarh Sahibtowards ? | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  SirhindLocation in PunjabSirhindLocation in India | |


title: Skebobruk

abstract: Skebobruk is a locality situated in Norrtälje Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden with 282 inhabitants in 2010.

text:
# Skebobruk

**Skebobruk** is a locality situated in Norrtälje Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden with 282 inhabitants in 2010.

## InfoBox

| Skebobruk | |
| --- | --- |
| Skebobruk mansion | |
| SkebobrukSkebobruk | |
| Coordinates: 59°58′N 18°36′E / 59.967°N 18.600°E / 59.967; 18.600 | |
| Country | Sweden |
| Province | Uppland |
| County | Stockholm County |
| Municipality | Norrtälje Municipality |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.32 km2 (0.51 sq mi) |
| Population (31 December 2020) | |
| Total | 231 |
| Density | 180/km2 (450/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Charles Telfair

abstract: Charles Edward Telfair was an Irish botanist.

text:
# Charles Telfair

**Charles Edward Telfair** (1778 in Belfast – 14 July 1833 in Port Louis) was an Irish botanist.

## Early life and career

Telfair was the son of a Belfast schoolmaster. He studied chemistry under Joseph Black and later qualified as a medical doctor. In 1797 he joined the Royal Navy and was soon appointed as ship's surgeon, visiting Mauritius and Réunion with the Navy in 1810. He returned to Mauritius in 1816 and established botanical gardens in Mauritius and Réunion. Having worked in several Government offices in Réunion, he was appointed personal secretary of Mauritius Governor Robert Farquhar. Telfair improved the education and housing of estate slaves, and found less strenuous occupations for elderly slaves. He was honorary curator of the botanical garden at Pamplemousses from 1826 to 1829. His old colonial château has now been turned into a restaurant, with watercolours of local flora painted by Telfair’s wife Annabella Chamberlain adorning the walls.

The Charles Telfair Institute in Mauritius, formerly known as DCDM Business School, was renamed after Charles Telfair.

## Botanical interests

A number of naturalists were actively collecting in Mauritius in the early 19th century. In 1826 Telfair persuaded two local collectors, Julien Desjardins and Louis Bouton, to donate their collections to form the nucleus of a proposed colonial museum. As this offer met with no response from the Governor, Telfair, together with Bouton, Desjardins, Wenceslas Bojer, François Liénard and other local naturalists convened an 1829 meeting at which the *Société d’Histoire Naturelle de l’Ile Maurice* was founded. Desjardins, who had already set up his own museum at Argy in the Flacq district, left for Paris in 1839, intending to write a natural history of Mauritius, but unexpectedly died there in 1840. His widow donated his entire collection to the Society. Bouton, inspired by the gesture, added his collection of plants, and Adrien d'Épinay his library. The nascent museum opened to the public in 1842 as the *Muséum Desjardins*, in Port Louis, with Bojer acting as the first curator. The Mauritius government provided the accommodation, and half the curator's and taxidermist's salaries.

Telfair is credited with having introduced bananas to Mauritius from China in 1826. Three years later he sent the plants to England where a Mr Barclay of Burryhill showed them to Lord Cavendish, the 6th Duke of Devonshire, whence came the Cavendish banana. Joseph Paxton, his head gardener, cultivated the plants successfully in greenhouses.

He is commemorated by the plant genus *Telfairia*, the lizard species *Leiolopisma telfairii* (Telfair's skink), and the mammal species *Echinops telfairi* (lesser hedgehog tenrec).

In 1819 Telfair was made a member of the Légion d'honneur in recognition of his services.

From 1825 to 1848, John Newman was head of the Royal Botanic Garden at Pamplemousses. He regularly corresponded and exchanged specimens with notable figures in the botanical world, including William Jackson Hooker. The gardens displayed plants from Madagascar, Australia, the East Indies, China and South Africa. Some of these plants were illustrated in a report from Newman to the Colonial Office in 1829, including *Bignonia telfairia* from Madagascar. Newman named it after Annabella Telfair (d. 23 May 1832 Port Louis), a botanical artist, plant collector and wife of Charles Telfair, whom she had married in 1818. Some of her illustrations appeared in *Curtis's Botanical Magazine* between 1826 and 1830, while her letters to Hooker are preserved at Kew. Telfair's collections were donated to the Zoological Society of London, but were dispersed and effectively lost when sold in 1855.

The standard author abbreviation Telfair is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

## Publications

* From Belfast to Mauritius: Charles Telfair (1778–1833): Naturalist and Product of the Irish Enlightenment in Eighteenth-Century Ireland
* Michel, L. 1935. Conference sur Charles Telfair. Trans. Royal Society of Arts & Sciences of Mauritius C3 :19-48.


title: Skotfoss TIF

abstract: Skotfoss Turn- og Idrettsforening is a Norwegian multi-sports club from Skotfoss, Skien, Telemark. It has sections for association football, gymnastics and Nordic skiing. The club was founded on 29 December 1899. The club colours are white with red, white and blue. The men's football team was contesting the 2017 4. divisjon until pulling its team from competition. It was formerly a staple in the 3. divisjon, with a presence for most of the 1990s until 1998, and from 2001 through 2010 with a last appearance in 2012. It is also known as the childhood club of Frode Johnsen and Tor Arne Sannerholt.

text:
# Skotfoss TIF

**Skotfoss Turn- og Idrettsforening** is a Norwegian multi-sports club from Skotfoss, Skien, Telemark. It has sections for association football, gymnastics and Nordic skiing.

The club was founded on 29 December 1899. The club colours are white with red, white and blue.

The men's football team was contesting the 2017 4. divisjon until pulling its team from competition. It was formerly a staple in the 3. divisjon, with a presence for most of the 1990s until 1998, and from 2001 through 2010 with a last appearance in 2012. It is also known as the childhood club of Frode Johnsen and Tor Arne Sannerholt.

## InfoBox

Skotfoss TIF
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Skotfoss Turn- og Idrettsforening |
| Founded | 29 December 1899 |
| Ground | Skotfoss stadion, Skotfoss |


title: Sirsia

abstract: Sirsia is a census town in the Giridih CD block in the Giridih Sadar subdivision of the Giridih district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

text:
# Sirsia

**Sirsia** is a census town in the Giridih CD block in the Giridih Sadar subdivision of the Giridih district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

## Geography

15km
10milesBIH A R Jharkhand
DhamH MirzaganjR LokainayanpurR Sakri River Jamunia
River Barakar
River TelodihCT SirsiaCT PertodihCT ParatdihCT MaheshmundaCT JamtaraCT IsriCT DhanwarCT DandidihCT Barki SaraiyaCT Akdoni KhurdCT Giridih coalfield Usri FallsH KharagdihaH MadhubanH Pareshath HillH ShikharjiH GiridihM TisriR TaratanrR SuriyaR PirtandR HirodihR KhukhraR Khori MahuaR JamuaR HeslaR GawanR GandeyR DumriR DeoriR BirniR BhelwaghatiR BengabadR BagodarR  NimiaghatR  AhilyapurR**Cities, towns and locations in the Giridih district in North Chotanagpur Division**
M: municipality, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious/ tourist centre
Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly

### Location

Sirsia is located at 24°12′19″N 86°17′36″E / 24.2054°N 86.2932°E / 24.2054; 86.2932.

### Area overview

Giridih district is a part of the Chota Nagpur plateau, with rocky soil and extensive forests. Most of the rivers in the district flow from the west to east, except in the northern portion where the rivers flow north and north west. The Pareshnath Hill rises to a height of 4,479 feet (1,365 m). The district has coal and mica mines. It is an overwhelmingly rural district with small pockets of urbanisation.

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the district. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Sirsia had a total population of 7,181, of which 3,727 (52%) were males and 3,454 (48%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 1,098. The total number of literate persons in Sirsia was 4,397 (72.28% of the population over 6 years).

Giridih Urban Agglomeration is composed of Giridih (Nagar Parishad), Paratdih (CT), Sirsia (CT), Pertodih (CT) and Dandidih (CT).

## Infrastructure

According to the *District Census Handbook 2011, Giridih*, Sirsia covered an area of 1.6 km2. Among the civic amenities, it had 4 km roads with both open and closed drains, the protected water supply involved uncovered well, hand pump. It had 1,116 domestic electric connections, 4 road light points. Among the educational facilities it had 6 primary schools, 3 middle schools, 2 secondary school, the nearest senion secondary school at Giridih 7 km away. Among the social, recreational and cultural facilities it had 3 auditorium/ community halls. It had the branch office of 1 commercial bank.

## Transport

New Giridih and Salaia railway stations, located nearby, are on the Madhupur-Giridih-Koderma line.

## InfoBox

| Sirsia | |
| --- | --- |
| Census Town | |
| SirsiaLocation in Jharkhand, IndiaSirsiaSirsia (India) | |
| Coordinates: 24°12′19″N 86°17′36″E / 24.2054°N 86.2932°E / 24.2054; 86.2932 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Jharkhand |
| District | Giridih |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.6 km2 (0.6 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 7,181 |
| Density | 4,500/km2 (12,000/sq mi) |
| Languages (\*For language details see Giridih block#Language and religion) | |
| Official | Hindi, Urdu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 815302 |
| Telephone/ STD code | 06532 |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Giridih |
| Vidhan Sabha constituency | Giridih |
| Website | giridih.nic.in |


title: Skilled Migrant Category (New Zealand)

abstract: The Skilled Migrant Category (SMC) is the way skilled migrants qualify to gain a New Zealand resident visa and, subsequently, Permanent Residence (PR) to New Zealand. It is managed by Immigration New Zealand under the Immigration Act 2009. The current SMC commenced on 9th October 2023, replacing the previous SMC which suffered from lengthy processing delays prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, with Immigration New Zealand figures reportedly showing unprocessed skilled migrant applications jumping from 8,000 to 19,000 in the year to August 2019. Processing of SMC applications was halted during the COVID-19 pandemic. In August 2021, the government announced the introduction of a ‘one-off’ 2021 Resident Visa, which remained open for 12 months and drastically reduced the number of unprocessed SMC applications as people switched to applying under the 2021 Resident Visa category instead. During September and October 2022, Immigration New Zealand announced a number of new, skills-based residence visas, including the current SMC. The current SMC implements a number of efficiencies to the old SMC, including a simplified points system and the removal of pool selections. The last date for lodging an expression of interest under the previous SMC was 15 August 2023, and applications under that old category have continued to be assessed after the current SMC’s commencement.

text:
# Skilled Migrant Category (New Zealand)

The **Skilled Migrant Category** (SMC) is the way skilled migrants qualify to gain a New Zealand resident visa and, subsequently, Permanent Residence (PR) to New Zealand. It is managed by Immigration New Zealand under the Immigration Act 2009.

The current SMC commenced on 9th October 2023, replacing the previous SMC which suffered from lengthy processing delays prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, with Immigration New Zealand figures reportedly showing unprocessed skilled migrant applications jumping from 8,000 to 19,000 in the year to August 2019. Processing of SMC applications was halted during the COVID-19 pandemic. In August 2021, the government announced the introduction of a ‘one-off’ 2021 Resident Visa, which remained open for 12 months and drastically reduced the number of unprocessed SMC applications as people switched to applying under the 2021 Resident Visa category instead. During September and October 2022, Immigration New Zealand announced a number of new, skills-based residence visas, including the current SMC.

The current SMC implements a number of efficiencies to the old SMC, including a simplified points system and the removal of pool selections.

The last date for lodging an expression of interest under the previous SMC was 15 August 2023, and applications under that old category have continued to be assessed after the current SMC’s commencement.

## Introduction

The SMC combines both a points-based system as well as minimum requirements. The minimum points required is 6, and other minimum requirements include that one holds current skilled employment or an offer of skilled employment with a New Zealand employer that holds an accreditation with Immigration New Zealand, be aged 55 or under, be healthy, be of good character, and meet minimum English language requirements.

## The Points system

Under the SMC, points are allocated for income, qualification, New Zealand licensing, certification or registration, and work experience gained in New Zealand.

Applicants may claim between 3 – 6 points for either their income (based on the New Zealand median wage published from time to time) or their qualification or their licensing, certification or registration in New Zealand. Additionally, they may claim between 1 - 3 points for skilled work experience gained in New Zealand.

### Income

For income, a person can claim 6 points for income that is three times the New Zealand median wage, 4 points for income that is twice the New Zealand median wage, or 3 points for income that is 1.5 times the New Zealand median wage.

### Qualifications

For qualifications, a person can claim 6 points for a Level 10 Doctoral Degree, 5 points for a Level 9 Master's Degree, 4 points for a Level 8 Bachelor's Honours Degree or Postgraduate Diploma, or 3 points for a Level 8 Postgraduate Certificate or Level 7 Bachelor's Degree. Foreign qualifications must be verified by the New Zealand Qualifications Authority before points can be claimed, and this process can take several months.

### Licensing, certification or registration

For licensing, certification or registration in New Zealand, a person can claim between 3 – 6 points depending on the type of registration, license, or certification, which must be listed in Immigration New Zealand’s Operational Manual, which defines the requirements and number of points awarded for each.

### Skilled work experience gained in New Zealand

In addition to claiming points for either income or qualification or New Zealand licensing, certification or registration, a person may claim between 1 - 3 additional points for skilled work experience gained in New Zealand. 6 points can be claimed for three years’ skilled work experience gained in New Zealand within the previous five years, 5 points can be claimed for two years’ skilled work experience gained in New Zealand within the previous four years, and 4 points can be claimed for one year of skilled work experience gained in New Zealand within the previous two years.

However, Immigration New Zealand only recognises skilled work experience gained in New Zealand if it is full-time employment (at least 30 guaranteed hours per week for every week worked) and the person has been paid:

* at least the median wage if their occupation is listed at Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO) skill level 1-3; or
* 1.5 times the median wage if their occupation is either listed at ANZSCO skill level 4-5 or not included in ANZSCO; or
* If they have claimed points for their income, the level of income at which they claimed those points (e.g., 1.5 times the median wage, twice the median wage, or three times the median wage).

Immigration New Zealand’s Operational Manual sets out a number of rules to take into account regular changes to New Zealand’s median wage during the period any skilled work experience is claimed, including if a person changes jobs.

### Skilled Employment or Offer of Skilled Employment

In addition to claiming 6 points and meeting age, English language, health and character requirements, a person must either have current full-time employment or an offer of full-time employment in New Zealand that pays at least the equivalent of:

* the New Zealand median wage if their occupation is listed at ANZSCO skill level 1-3; or
* 1.5 times the New Zealand median wage if their occupation is listed at ANZSCO skill level 4-5 or is not included in the ANZSCO.

Additionally, the employer must hold an accreditation with Immigration New Zealand.

## The Selection Process

The two stage process commences with lodging an Expression of Interest online form. There is no fee for this stage. An automated electronic system determines whether the person meets the requirements to be invited to apply under the Skilled Migrant Category.

If a person meets the requirements, they are notified by mail and invited to apply online, they are required to upload their documentation and evidence to their online application and lodge their application with Immigration New Zealand. The documentation which must be uploaded includes identity documents (e.g. passport, passport sized photograph, birth certificate, police certificates, medicals), evidence of skilled employment or an offer of skilled employment, evidence of meeting English language requirements, and evidence in respect of the claimed 6 points. The Immigration New Zealand application fee (currently NZD 4,290) must also be paid at this stage.

Applications must be lodged within 4 months, otherwise the invitation lapses. The current processing times for SMC applications are approximately 4 months.

Partners and dependent children may be included as secondary applicants in the Expression of Interest and SMC application.


title: Charmaine Royal

abstract: Charmaine DM Royal is a Jamaican-American geneticist and is the Robert O. Keohane Professor of African & African American Studies, Biology, Global Health, and Family Medicine & Community Health at Duke University. She studies the intersections of race, ethnicity, ancestry genetics, and health, especially as they pertain to historically marginalized and underrepresented groups in genetic and genomic research; and genomics and global health. Her major interest is in addressing root causes and implementing sustainable solutions regarding problems of race and racism in research, healthcare, and society. Royal is a Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) Independent Expert Committee (IEC) member appointed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and is a 2020 Ida Cordelia Beam Distinguished Visiting Professor at the University of Iowa.

text:
# Charmaine Royal

**Charmaine DM Royal** is a Jamaican-American geneticist and is the Robert O. Keohane Professor of African & African American Studies, Biology, Global Health, and Family Medicine & Community Health at Duke University. She studies the intersections of race, ethnicity, ancestry genetics, and health, especially as they pertain to historically marginalized and underrepresented groups in genetic and genomic research; and genomics and global health. Her major interest is in addressing root causes and implementing sustainable solutions regarding problems of race and racism in research, healthcare, and society. Royal is a Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) Independent Expert Committee (IEC) member appointed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and is a 2020 Ida Cordelia Beam Distinguished Visiting Professor at the University of Iowa.

## Early life and education

Royal earned her bachelor's degree in microbiology, master's degree in genetic counseling in 1992, and doctorate in human genetics from Howard University in 1997. She completed her postgraduate training in bioethics and ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) research at the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) of the NIH, as well as training in behavioral medicine and epidemiology at the Howard University Cancer Center.

## Research and career

Royal investigates race, racism, genetics and health disparities, within the United States and globally. While at the National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Royal was a member of the International HapMap Project and worked alongside Charles Rotimi of H3Africa. Her research focused on the genetics and health of African Americans, and ethical implications of African American genealogical study.

## Academic service

During her time at Duke University, Royal has served as an Associate Professor of African & African American Studies, Family Medicine & Community Health, Global Health, and Biology. In addition, she is core faculty in the Duke Initiative for Science & Society, faculty in the Social Science Research Institute where she directs the Center for Truth, Racial Healing & Transformation, and the Center on Genomics, Race, Identity, Difference. Royal is also a senior fellow at the Kenan Institute for Ethics, a 2020 Ida Cordelia Beam Distinguished Visiting Professor at the University of Iowa, an ad hoc member of the Jackson Heart Study Community Ethics Advisory Board, and a contributing member of the 1000 Genomes Project Consortium. She also serves on the Ethics Advisory Board at Illumina, Inc.

### Awards and honors

## Select papers

* Peprah, Emmanuel; Xu, Huichun; Tekola-Ayele, Fasil; Royal, Charmaine M (2015). "Genome-Wide Association Studies in Africans and African Americans: Expanding the Framework of the Genomics of Human Traits and Disease". *Public Health Genomics*. **18** (1): 40–51. doi:10.1159/000367962. ISSN 1662-4246. PMC 4418477. PMID 25427668.
* Auton, Adam; et al. (2015). "A global reference for human genetic variation". *Nature*. **526** (7571): 68–74. Bibcode:2015Natur.526...68T. doi:10.1038/nature15393. PMC 4750478. PMID 26432245.
* Royal, Charmaine DM; Dunston, Georgia M (2004). "Changing the paradigm from 'race' to human genome variation". *Nature Genetics*. **36** (11 Suppl): S5–S7. doi:10.1038/ng1454. PMID 15508004. S2CID 205344090.
* Blanchard, Jessica W.; Outram, Simon; Tallbull, Gloria; Royal, Charmaine D. M. (2019). "'We Don't Need a Swab in Our Mouth to Prove Who We Are' Identity, Resistance, and Adaptation of Genetic Ancestry Testing among Native American Communities". *Current Anthropology*. **60** (5): 637–655. doi:10.1086/705483. PMC 7837598. PMID 33505045. S2CID 202265594.

## InfoBox

| Charmaine Royal | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Jamaica |
| Alma mater | Howard University (BS, MS, PhD) |
| Awards | Thomas Langford Lectureship Award Duke University (2013)
Greenwall Faculty Scholar in Bioethics Duke University (2009) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | Duke University
Howard University
National Institutes of Health |
| Thesis | *\[Link\] Coping strategies in families of children with Sickle Cell Disease\]* (1997) |
|  | |
| Website | Duke website |


title: Charmaine Porter

abstract: Charmaine Porter is a British former professional racing cyclist, who was part of UCI Women's Continental Team DAS–Handsling, during the COVID-19 pandemic-disrupted 2020 season. Throughout the majority of her cycling career, Porter combined cycling with a career in the British Army, reaching a rank of lance corporal. Porter retired from cycling at the end of the 2020 season.

text:
# Charmaine Porter

**Charmaine Porter** (born 26 June 1995) is a British former professional racing cyclist, who was part of UCI Women's Continental Team DAS–Handsling, during the COVID-19 pandemic-disrupted 2020 season. Throughout the majority of her cycling career, Porter combined cycling with a career in the British Army, reaching a rank of lance corporal.

Porter retired from cycling at the end of the 2020 season.

## InfoBox

Charmaine Porter
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Charmaine Porter |
| Born | (1995-06-26) 26 June 1995 |
| Team information | |
| Current team | Retired |
| Discipline | Road |
| Role | Rider |
| Amateur teams | |
| 2015–2016 | Army Cycling Union |
| 2017 | Team Ford EcoBoost |
| 2017–2019 | Team OnForm |
|  | |
| Professional team | |
| 2020 | CAMS–Tifosi |
|  | |


title: Chase Mishkin

abstract: Chase Mishkin, born Mary Margaret Hahn, was an American theater producer. She was the winner of two Tony Awards, one for Dame Edna: The Royal Tour and the other for Memphis. She was married to Ralph Mishkin from 1970 until his death in 1993, after which she produced her first play: Trish Vradenburg’s The Apple Doesn’t Fall… It opened in Los Angeles and moved to Broadway in 1996. In total she produced 30 Broadway shows over two decades, and as of 2009 had produced another 10 Off-Broadway.

text:
# Chase Mishkin

**Chase Mishkin** (January 22, 1937 – July 24, 2022), born **Mary Margaret Hahn**, was an American theater producer. She was the winner of two Tony Awards, one for *Dame Edna: The Royal Tour* and the other for *Memphis*.

She was married to Ralph Mishkin from 1970 until his death in 1993, after which she produced her first play: Trish Vradenburg’s *The Apple Doesn’t Fall…* It opened in Los Angeles and moved to Broadway in 1996. In total she produced 30 Broadway shows over two decades, and as of 2009 had produced another 10 Off-Broadway.


title: Chase Montgomery

abstract: Chase Montgomery is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently owns a small business and continues to pursue a racing career. He lives in Wilson County, Tennessee. He is now married and a father.

text:
# Chase Montgomery

**Chase Montgomery** (born September 29, 1983) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently owns a small business and continues to pursue a racing career. He lives in Wilson County, Tennessee. He is now married and a father.

## Career before NASCAR

Montgomery began racing go-karts at the age of 13. He began rising through the ranks very quickly and by 2000, he was a regular weekly driver at Nashville Speedway USA. In 2002, he joined the ARCA Re/MAX Series, posting four top-fives and finishing 4th in points, runner-up in the Rookie of the Year points. That year, rock singer Alice Cooper came on board as a co-owner and marketing partner of his race team. The next season, he won the season opening-race at Daytona International Speedway. In 2004, he became the youngest driver to win the pole for an ARCA race.

## NASCAR career

Montgomery began his NASCAR career in 2003 with 15 starts in the Busch Series with Brewco Motorsports, posting a top-ten in his series debut at the Koolerz 300. After that season came to a close, he signed to drive the No. 8 Dodge for Bobby Hamilton Racing. He finished 21st in points that year, and 23rd in 2005 in the No. 18. In 2006, he was to drive part-time for Curry Racing, however, after finishing the season opener at Daytona 19th, the deal fell through and Montgomery left the team. He has not raced since.

## Motorsports career results

### NASCAR

(key) (**Bold** – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. *Italics* – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)

#### Busch Series

| NASCAR Busch Series results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | NBSC | Pts | Ref |
| 2003 | Brewco Motorsports | 27 | Pontiac | DAY
10 | CAR | LVS
36 | DAR | BRI
22 | TEX
12 | TAL
13 | NSH
39 | CAL
25 | RCH | GTY | NZH | CLT | DOV | NSH | KEN | MLW |  | | | | | | | | | | KAN
27 | CLT
34 | MEM
26 | ATL
34 | PHO
30 | CAR
31 | HOM
33 | 41st | 1219 |  |
| | Montgomery Motorsports | 80 | Chevy | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | DAY
37 | CHI | NHA | PPR | IRP | MCH | BRI | DAR | RCH | DOV |  | | | | | | |

#### Craftsman Truck Series

| NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | NCTC | Pts | Ref |
| 2003 | Ware Racing Enterprises | 51 | Chevy | DAY | DAR | MMR | MAR | CLT | DOV | TEX | MEM | MLW | KAN | KEN | GTW | MCH | IRP | NSH
22 | BRI | RCH | NHA | CAL | LVS | SBO | TEX | MAR | PHO | HOM | 106th | 97 |  |
| 2004 | Bobby Hamilton Racing | 8 | Dodge | DAY
31 | ATL
23 | MAR
16 | MFD
29 | CLT
24 | DOV
28 | TEX
17 | MEM
18 | MLW
27 | KAN
13 | KEN
20 | GTW
12 | MCH
15 | IRP
32 | NSH
23 | BRI
20 | RCH
27 | NHA
17 | LVS
27 | CAL
16 | TEX
17 | MAR
19 | PHO
36 | DAR
29 | HOM
21 | 21st | 2404 |  |
| 2005 | | 18 | | DAY
31 | CAL
29 | ATL
26 | MAR
30 | GTY
19 | MFD
24 | CLT
13 | DOV
18 | TEX
33 | MCH
20 | MLW
33 | KAN
20 | KEN
34 | MEM
25 | IRP
22 | NSH
22 | BRI
22 | RCH
22 | NHA
34 | LVS
19 | MAR
20 | ATL
31 | TEX
19 | PHO
26 | HOM
23 | 23rd | 2230 |  |
| 2006 | | 8 | | DAY
19 | CAL | ATL
DNQ | MAR | GTY | CLT | MFD | DOV | TEX | MCH | MLW | KAN | KEN | MEM | IRP | NSH | BRI | NHA |  | | | | | | | 59th | 188 |  |
| | Jeff Milburn Racing | | | | 76 | Chevy |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LVS
27 | TAL | MAR | ATL | TEX | PHO | HOM |

### ARCA Re/Max Series

(key) (**Bold** – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. *Italics* – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)

| ARCA Re/Max Series results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | ARMC | Pts | Ref |
| 2001 | Montgomery Motorsports | 6 | Chevy | DAY | NSH
34 | WIN | SLM | GTY | KEN
12 | CLT | KAN
29 | MCH | POC | MEM | GLN | KEN
5 | MCH | POC | NSH
35 | ISF | CHI | DSF | SLM | TOL | BLN | CLT
6 | TAL | ATL
24 | 40th | 910 |  |
| 2002 | | 27 | Pontiac | **DAY**
21 |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TAL
27 |  | | | | 4th | 4755 |  |
| | | Chevy | | | |  | ATL
34 | NSH
5 |  | KEN
11 | CLT
8 | KAN
12 | POC
8 | MCH
10 | TOL
22 | SBO
5 | KEN
29 | BLN
6 | POC
8 | NSH
3 | ISF
11 | WIN
22 | DSF
32 |  | SLM
4 |  | | | | |
| | Capital City Motorsports | 38 | | | | Ford |  | | | SLM
18 |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Montgomery Motorsports | 27 | | | | Ford |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CHI
6 |  | | CLT
25 |  | | |
| | | 2003 | Pontiac | DAY
1 |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TAL
31 | CLT | SBO |  | | | 34th | 765 |  |
| | | | | | Chevy |  | ATL
23 | NSH
25 | SLM | TOL | KEN
31 | CLT | BLN | KAN | MCH | LER | POC | POC | NSH | ISF | WIN
17 | DSF | CHI | SLM |  | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Chase Montgomery | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1983-09-29) September 29, 1983
Mt. Juliet, Tennessee, U.S. |
| NASCAR Xfinity Series career | |
| 15 races run over 1 year | |
| Best finish | 41st (2003) |
| First race | 2003 Koolerz 300 (Daytona) |
| Last race | 2003 Ford 300 (Homestead) |
| Wins Top tens Poles  0 1 0 | |
|  | |
| NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series career | |
| 53 races run over 4 years | |
| Best finish | 21st (2004) |
| First race | 2003 Federated Auto Parts 200 (Nashville) |
| Last race | 2006 Smith's Las Vegas 350 (Las Vegas) |
| Wins Top tens Poles  0 0 0 | |
|  | |
| *Statistics current as of November 25, 2012.* | |


title: Slate (writing)

abstract: A slate is a thin piece of hard flat material, historically slate stone, which is used as a medium for writing.

text:
# Slate (writing)

A **slate** is a thin piece of hard flat material, historically slate stone, which is used as a medium for writing.

## Usage

The writing slate consisted of a piece of slate, typically either 4x6 inches or 7x10 inches, encased in a wooden frame. Split slate was prepared by scraping with a steel edge, grinding with a flat stone and, finally, polishing with a mix of slate powder in water. Pencils were of a softer stone, such as shale, chalk or soapstone. In 1853 Charles Goodyear patented a compound of hard-vulcanised rubber with powdered porcelain, from which to make white pencils for writing on slates.

Usually, a piece of cloth or slate sponge was used to clean it and this was sometimes attached with a string to the bottom of the writing slate.

## History

The exact origins of the writing slate remain unclear. References to its use can be found in the fourteenth century and evidence suggests that it was used in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The central time period for the writing slate, however, "appears to begin in the later eighteenth century, when developments in sea and land transport permitted the gradual expansion of slate quarrying in Wales and the growth of a substantial slate workshop industry."

By the nineteenth century, writing slates were used around the world in nearly every school and were a central part of the slate industry. At the dawn of the twentieth century, writing slates were the primary tool in the classroom for students. In the 1930s (or later) writing slates began to be replaced by more modern methods. However, writing slates did not become obsolete. They are still made in the twenty-first century, though in small quantities.

The writing slate was sometimes used by industry workers to track goods and by sailors to calculate their geographical location at sea. Sometimes multiple pieces of slate were bound together into a "book" and horizontal lines were etched onto the slate surface as a guide for neat handwriting.

## Sources


title: Sketty Hall

abstract: Sketty Hall is a venue used for hosting social functions, business functions and conferences in Singleton Park, Swansea, south Wales. The original building was built in the early 18th century as a private house. Over the years it has seen a number of extensions, modifications and changes of use to its present-day role.

text:
# Sketty Hall

**Sketty Hall** is a venue used for hosting social functions, business functions and conferences in Singleton Park, Swansea, south Wales. The original building was built in the early 18th century as a private house. Over the years it has seen a number of extensions, modifications and changes of use to its present-day role.

## History

The original building was constructed in the 1720s by Rawleigh Dawkin (later Rawleigh Mansel), son of the squire of Kilvrough in Gower, and on his death passed to his brother Mansel Dawkin (later Mansel Mansel). It was improved in 1780 by the addition of the bay windows and then Swansea architect, William Jernegan, later added the western part of the frontage for Ralph Sheldon, MP.

In the 1820s the house was remodelled by Charles Baring of the London merchant banking family. He added an extra floor to Rawleigh Dawkin's house and a parapet running the whole length of the south front. In 1831 the house was bought for £3,800 by Lewis Weston Dillwyn, owner of the Cambrian Pottery in Swansea. He commissioned the architect Edward Haycock Snr in the early 1830s to build the present entrance hall and adjacent large room on the north side of the house. In 1881 Frank Ash Yeo, Chairman of the Swansea Harbour Trust, added the dining room to the east of Dillwyn's entrance hall. Glynn Vivian, an art lover from the Vivian family who gave the Glynn Vivian Art Gallery to Swansea, bought the Hall in 1898 as his home. He added the balconies and masks of Italian marble, laid out the ornamental gardens and installed the belvedere or gazebo tower on the roof.

During the Second World War, the house was requisitioned to serve as an ARP area headquarters. Later it was used by the British Iron and Steel Research Association as a major research centre for the steel industry. The hall was completely renovated in 1993. In 2022, the gardens and grounds, which are incorporated into Singleton Park were listed at Grade I on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.

51°36′47.00″N 3°59′18.00″W / 51.6130556°N 3.9883333°W / 51.6130556; -3.9883333


abstract: The Chennai Central–Bodinayakanur AC Superfast Express is a AC Superfast express train connecting Chennai and Bodinayakanur which lies in Southern Railway zone of Tamil Nadu State in India. This train has been extended up to Bodinayakanur via Teni after the gauge conversion of this route was completed. From 15, June 2023 it made its first run from Bodinayakanur to Chennai.

text:
# Chennai Central – Bodinayakanur AC Superfast Express

The **Chennai Central–Bodinayakanur AC Superfast Express** is a AC Superfast express train connecting Chennai and Bodinayakanur which lies in Southern Railway zone of Tamil Nadu State in India. This train has been extended up to Bodinayakanur via Teni after the gauge conversion of this route was completed. From 15, June 2023 it made its first run from Bodinayakanur to Chennai.

## Overview

This train was inaugurated on 3 November 2017, as weekly frequency train service. It was Flagged off by Piyush Goyal (Minister of Railways) and Edappadi K. Palaniswami (Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu), For making less time and comfortable journey for Chennai and Madurai Commuters.

## History

This was one of the first two trains operated by Southern Railways with newly manufactured AC Three Tier Economy Coach. It was used to depart as a weekly service from Chennai at Fridays and from Madurai at Saturdays. But after Merging Madurai Duronto Express after Covid Lockdown, It had depart from Chennai on every Monday, Wednesday and Friday and from Madurai on every Tuesdays, Thursdays and Sundays. The Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday Services were the service of Ex. Duronto Express and the Saturday Service of the train from madurai changed as sunday service. This train will be operated from weekly to tri-weekly with effect from 10 June 2020 from Chennai and 11 June 2020 from Madurai. There is no changes in timings but changes were made in departure days only in down direction (i.e. from Madurai to Chennai). Earlier it used to run as a fully air conditioned express, but after August 2021, 4 Sleeper Class coaches were attached. Initially, it ran only one day a week from Chennai Central – Madurai by sharing its rakes with Chennai Central – Madurai AC Duronto Express. After June 2020, Duronto Express was fully cancelled and it was made to run on the days that Duranto ran. Stoppages were given at Katpadi, Karur, and Dindigul. In return, it will leave from Madurai on every Tuesday, Thursday and Sunday. It was the first train to carry AC Three Tier Economy Coach in Southern Railway, though some trains carrying 3 Tier Economy Coach passes through Southern Railway Zone, do not belong to Southern Railway. From 25 February 2021, it will run with 1 more additional coach, i.e., AC Three Tier Economy which gives the count as 2. Prior to extending the service to Bodinayakkanur, all the AC three Tire Economy coaches were converted in to Unreserved Coaches there by it becomes the first AC express train to run with Unreserved Coaches.

## Coach composition

Till June 2020, 20601/02 MAS - MDU - MAS AC Express had the following Coach Position when it ran with ICF Coaches,

* 1 AC First Class
* 2 AC Two Tier
* 9 AC Three Tier
* 2 Power Cum Generator Cars

After receiving LHB rakes it had revised composition,

* 1 AC First Cum AC Two Tier
* 2 AC Two Tier
* 9 AC Three Tier
* 2 End On Generator Cars.

From September 2021 it had been attached with 4 Sleeper Classes and the name AC Express had been withdrawn, and was called as Central Express. Till 24rth February 2022, it had the following Coach composition,

20601/20602 Chennai Central - Madurai Junction
Central SF Express has,

* 1 AC First Cum AC Two Tier
* 2 AC Two Tier
* 9 AC Three Tier
* 4 Sleeper Class
* 2 End On Generator Cars
*

Till May 2023, it runs with the following Coach composition,

* 1 AC First Cum AC Two Tier
* 2 AC Two Tier
* 7 AC Three Tier
* 2 AC Three Tier Economy
* 1 Luggage Cum Disabled Coach
* 1 End on Generator Car.

After the extension to Bodinayakanur from 15 June, the coach position was changed as follows.

* 1 AC First Cum AC Two Tier
* 2 AC Two Tier
* 7 AC Three Tier
* 4 Sleeper Class
* 2 General Unreserved
* 1 Luggage Cum Disabled Coach
* 1 End on Generator Car.

## Routes

This train with the number of 20601/20602 passes through Katpadi Junction, Salem Junction, Karur Junction and Dindigul Junction, Madurai Junction, Andipatti, Usilampatti, Theni with the length of 728 km with an average speed of 62 km/h.

## Halts

When it ran as 22205/06 Chennai Central - Madurai AC SF Express it has its stoppages at,

*
* Katpadi
* Salem
* Karur
* Dindigul

After extension to Bodinayakanur from 15 June 2023, three new stoppages were introduced for 20601/02 Chennai - Bodinayakanur AC SF Express.

* Chennai Central
* Katpadi
* Salem
* Karur
* Dindigul
* Madurai
* Usilampatti
* Andipatti
* Teni
* Bodinayakanur

20602 Has an additional stoppage at Perambur, to avoid rushing in Central.

## Traction

The route is partially electrified. It uses WAP 7 (Erode / Royapuram) until Madurai, then is pushed by WDG 3A/WDP 4D GOC from Madurai to Bodinayakanur.

## Demands

There are also demands to stop this train at Namakkal, Jolarpettai, Arakkonam, Thiruvallur and Perambur Railway stations.

## InfoBox

Chennai Central–Bodinayakanur
AC Superfast Express (Via Madurai)
| AC super fast Express nameboard | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Service type | AC Superfast |
| First service | 3 November 2017 |
| Current operator(s) | Southern Railways |
| Route | |
| Termini | Mgr Chennai Central
Bodinayakkanur |
| Stops | 8 |
| Distance travelled | 728 km (452 mi) |
| Average journey time | 11:05 Hours |
| Service frequency | Triweekly |
| Train number(s) | 20601 / 20602 |
| On-board services | |
| Class(es) | AC First Class, AC Two Tier, AC Three Tier, Sleeper Class, General Unreserved. |
| Seating arrangements | Yes |
| Sleeping arrangements | Yes |
| Catering facilities | No pantry car attached |
| Observation facilities | Large windows |
| Entertainment facilities | Charger Outlets |
| Technical | |
| Rolling stock | LHB coach |
| Track gauge | 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) |
| Electrification | 500 megawatts ( until Madurai ) |
| Operating speed | 140 km/h (87 mph) maximum,
62 km/h (39 mph), including halts |


title: Skrunda-class patrol boat

abstract: The Skrunda class is a class of SWATH patrol vessels used by the Latvian Navy. The main duties of the vessels include fisheries inspections, search and rescue, environmental protection, sovereignty enforcement, and participation in NATO and EU operations.

text:
# Skrunda-class patrol boat

The ***Skrunda* class** is a class of SWATH patrol vessels used by the Latvian Navy. The main duties of the vessels include fisheries inspections, search and rescue, environmental protection, sovereignty enforcement, and participation in NATO and EU operations.

## Description

The *Skrunda* class was ordered in 2008 and built in cooperation by Abeking & Rasmussen Shipyard in Germany and Riga Shipyard in Latvia between 2009 and 2013. The class and the five vessels are named after towns and cities in Latvia from each of the five historical regions of Latvia, where important battles for Latvia's independence took place. The design is based on the well proven Abeking & Rasmussen 25-metre (82 ft) SWATH Pilot boat design, which is known for its excellent seaworthiness, offering motions in high sea state similar to conventional monohull ships three to four times its size. *Skrunda*-class vessels are able to perform 100% of their duties in waves as high as 3.5 metres (11 ft). The propulsion system was designed specifically for the *Skrunda* class and places two MAN D 2842 diesel engines in the lower torpedo hulls, driving Servogear controllable pitch propellers via Servogear reduction gearboxes.

Tasked to monitor and control the Latvian and EU territorial waters and exclusive economic zone, the *Skrunda* class can perform a number of different missions by changing the mission module between the bows of the two hulls, which adheres to the dimensions of a 20-foot (6.1 m) ISO container and has a payload of 6 tons. A Mission Module may contain weapons systems, equipment for hydrographic surveying, environmental protection, support for divers, or mine countermeasure operations.

## Armament

The standard armament consists of two 12.7-millimetre (0.50 in) machine guns. In addition, one Mission Module can be installed with a weapons system that weighs up to 6 tons.

## Vessels in class

| Pennant
Number | Name | Shipyard | Launched | In Service |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| P-05 | *Skrunda* | Abeking & Rasmussen, Germany | 20 January 2011 | 18 April 2011 |
| P-06 | *Cēsis* | Abeking & Rasmussen, Germany | 23 November 2011 | 2 April 2012 |
| P-07 | *Viesīte* | Riga Shipyard, Latvia | 11 April 2012 | 22 August 2012 |
| P-08 | *Jelgava* | Abeking & Rasmussen, Germany | 16 April 2013 | 24 July 2013 |
| P-09 | *Rēzekne* | Riga Shipyard, Latvia | 14 October 2013 | 20 March 2014 |

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Class overview | |
| Name | *Skrunda* class |
| Builders |  |
| Operators | Latvian Naval Forces |
| Preceded by | *Storm* class |
| In commission | 2011–present |
| Planned | 5 |
| Completed | 5 |
| Active | 5 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Patrol boat |
| Displacement | 125 tons |
| Length | 25.7 m (84 ft 4 in) |
| Beam | 13.5 m (44 ft 3 in) |
| Draft | 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in) |
| Propulsion | 2 x MAN D 2842 diesel engines and Servogear CPPs, 1,620 kW (2,170 hp) |
| Speed | 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) |
| Range | 1,000 nmi (1,900 km; 1,200 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) |
| Boats & landing
craft carried | 1 x RIB for shallow water pursuit |
| Complement | 8–10 (depending on mission) |
| Sensors and
processing systems | Raytheon X-band radar and electro optic sensors |
| Armament | * Modular Mission Module with payload up to 6 tons * 2 × 12.7 mm (0.50 in) machine guns |


title: Sky Burial

abstract: Sky Burial is a 2004 book by Xue Xinran, her second. Xue is a British-Chinese journalist who writes for The Guardian. Sky Burial was listed in the Los Angeles Times as one of their favorite non-fiction books of 2005.

text:
# Sky Burial

***Sky Burial*** is a 2004 book by Xue Xinran, her second. Xue is a British-Chinese journalist who writes for *The Guardian*. *Sky Burial* was listed in the *Los Angeles Times* as one of their favorite non-fiction books of 2005.

## Plot summary

The book involves a Chinese woman, Shu Wen, retelling her life in Tibet to Xinran in a tea shop in Suzhou.

In the 1950s, as China revels in its unification under Communism, Shu Wen, a doctor, marries a military doctor who gets orders to go into Tibet to subdue the Tibetan people and bring them under Chinese rule. The reputation of the Tibetans from the Chinese government paints them as sympathetic and welcoming, but gradually she learns of their resistance to subjugation. She is informed that her husband has gone missing, and against the wishes of her family and friends, she leaves her comfortable life in Suzhou to join the Army and search for him in Tibet.

Her unit encounters a Tibetan woman near death in the highlands, and Shu Wen decides to treat the woman and take her away from her soldiers, who suspect she is a scout or a resistance fighter. The two women are soon separated from the regiment. Without supplies and knowledge of the language, she wanders, trying to find her way until, on the brink of death, she is rescued by a family of nomads under whose protection she moves from place to place with the seasons. During these 30 years she learns the Tibetan way of life and gradually loses her sense of Chinese identity, while quietly hoping for news of her husband's fate.

Years after joining the nomads, she encounters Chinese soldiers who tell her about a Chinese doctor who received the Tibetan ritual of sky burial. After going to a nomad gathering, she meets an old sage, who tells her that he was the man rescued by her husband, who in doing so disrupted a sky burial ritual, shot a vulture dead, chased all the vultures away and angered the Tibetans. To ensure the safety of his unit, her husband chose to sacrifice himself to call the vultures back through a sky burial, which would double up as demonstration that Chinese people are not demons, but only people, like the Tibetans. This soothed the angry Tibetans and put an end to skirmishes between the two people in this area. The sage said he would continue to sing the praises of the doctor as long as he lived, and Shu Wen finds peace. She returns to Suzhou, where Xinran encounters her, still searching for her relatives and eking out a modest living.

## Narrative viewpoint

Most of the book is by third person, and also includes first person, which is Xue.

## InfoBox

Sky Burial
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Xue Xinran |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Biography |
| Publisher | Chatto and Windus |
| Publication date | 1 July 2004 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print (Hardback and Paperback) |
| Pages | 256 pp |
| ISBN | 0-7011-7622-9 |
| OCLC | 56188938 |


title: Check-in (disambiguation)

abstract:
Check-in or check in may refer to:
  - Check-in - the process of announcing one's arrival at a hotel, airport, sea port or social network service
  - Check In - an album by The Chalets
  - Checking In - an American sitcom (1981).
  - In revision control, putting a file under configuration control, or to write changes to a repository and allow others to use a file
  - Core Protocols Check-in - protocol for sharing your current emotional states with others

text:
# Check-in (disambiguation)

**Check-in** or **check in** may refer to:

* Check-in \- the process of announcing one's arrival at a hotel, airport, sea port or social network service
* *Check In* \- an album by The Chalets
* Checking In \- an American sitcom (1981).
* In revision control, putting a file under configuration control, or to write changes to a repository and allow others to use a file
* Core Protocols Check-in - protocol for sharing your current emotional states with others


title: Slomotion

abstract: Slomotion is the fifth and final studio album by The Watchmen. The album was released as 2-CD set where the second CD was a greatest hits package.

text:
# Slomotion

***Slomotion*** is the fifth and final studio album by The Watchmen. The album was released as 2-CD set where the second CD was a greatest hits package.

## Background

After four albums, Sammy Kohn split from the group to work as Canadian promo rep for the Toronto offices of Boston-based roots label, Rounder Records. Musically, he hooked up with John Hornak and Michael Owen from reaulaudiowavetransfer. The new partnership took off instantly and resulted in a new band, the experimental trio Avenue One.

The loss of their drummer and original member would alter the band's songwriting and sound. With Kohn gone, the various Watchmen hooked up their Macintosh computers with Pro Tools software and began experimenting with samples, backbeats and tape loops to create a collection of electronic tracks shot through with the band's trademark melodies. This change in direction divided fans and critics.

At this time, EMI Music Canada wanted to release a greatest hits package with one or two new songs. The band fought to include all 8 of the new songs they had completed. As a compromise, the new album became a 2-CD set but was priced as a single CD.

Disc One, dubbed *Fast Forward*, is a set of 8 new songs produced by Rhys Fulber (Front Line Assembly & Delerium) and DJ Iain, and also includes a remix of their song "Stereo" from *Silent Radar*. The songs feature programmed beats, and synthesizer sounds, a first for the band. Disc Two, dubbed *Rewind*, includes 9 of the band's best songs, culled from their previous four studio records.

In keeping with the band's embrace of multimedia and the internet which began with *Silent Radar*, both discs contained multimedia components, including photos, video clips, and technology allowing fans to remix the song “Slomotion”. Both CDs also provided a link to a private website which could only be accessible to those who bought the CD.

## Reception

The album's lead single, "Absolutely Anytime", was released on August 20, 2001 and was moderately successful. The album was released in the first week of October 2001 and the bargain-priced double-CD set sold 7,908 copies in its first week of release. This placed it at No. 6 on the Canadian Albums Charts. This was an improvement over the first week sales of the band's previous album *Silent Radar* in April 1998 which sold 4,985 copies in its first week. The album was certified Gold in Canada by the Canadian Recording Industry Association on October 16, 2001.

The band made videos for "Slomotion" and "Holiday (Slow It Down)" in 2002, both of which saw good rotation on MuchMusic.

## Tour

The band went on an extensive tour to support the new album. Band members Joey Serlin (Guitar, Vocals), Daniel Greaves (Vocals, Harmonica, Piano), and Ken Tizzard (Bass) were joined by Winnipegger Ryan Ahoff on Drums. In addition to playing bass, Tizzard also acted as the group's DJ by working a turntable and other “digital doodads”. He took up the name OBScene to commemorate his new DJ skills.

Throughout the tour, the band continued to use the internet to promote their efforts. For example, the December 20, 2001 concert at the Congress Centre in Ottawa was webcast over the internet.

Following the promotion and tour for *Slomotion*, the band members went off to separate projects. However, as 2002 became 2003, the band members decided the band had run its course. The decision to fold the band came about not because of musical differences or nasty infighting, but because of a bad case of creative stagnation. Following the tour in support of *Slomotion*, the band members felt that their enthusiasm was more on the other projects and it was forced for The Watchmen, and it wasn't fair for the band or the fans.

## Track listing

**CD 1 – *Fast Forward***

1. Holiday (Slow It Down) (Daniel Greaves)
2. Absolutely Anytime (Joey Serlin)
3. No Longer Mine (Serlin)
4. Together (Music: The Watchmen, Lyrics: Greaves)
5. Slomotion (Serlin)
6. I Like It (Music: The Watchmen, Lyrics: Greaves)
7. Phone Call (Music: Greaves/Ken Tizzard, Lyrics: Greaves)
8. Soft Parade (Music: Serlin, Lyrics: Greaves)
9. Stereo (Remix) (Music: The Watchmen, Lyrics: Greaves)

**CD2 – *Rewind***

1. Cracked (From: *McLaren Furnace Room*, 1992)
2. Run & Hide (From: *McLaren Furnace Room*, 1992)
3. Boneyard Tree (From: *In The Trees*, 1994)
4. All Uncovered (From: *In The Trees*, 1994)
5. Incarnate (From: *Brand New Day*, 1996)
6. Zoom (From: *Brand New Day*, 1996)
7. Shut Up (From: *Brand New Day*, 1996)
8. Any Day Now (From: *Silent Radar*, 1998)
9. Brighter Hell (From: *Silent Radar*, 1998)

Note: For songwriting and production credits for CD 2, see respective albums.

## Album credits

### Personnel

### Additional personnel

### Production (CD 1 – *Fast Forward*)

* *Fast Forward* mastered by Nick Rawson at the Post Shop
* All Songs Co-Produced by The Watchmen

"Holiday (Slow It Down)", "Together", "I Like It", "Phone Call", and "Soft Parade"

* Produced by DJ Iain and Snoog
* Recorded at Sound and Vision (Toronto, ON)
* Mixed by DJ Iain at Sound and Vision (Toronto, ON)
* “Holiday (Slow It Down)” and “Phone Call": Additional Recording at Music High & Wide, Audio Playground
* “Together”: Additional Recording at Music High & Wide, Signal to Noise
* “Soft Parade”: Additional Recording at Music High & Wide, Signal to Noise, Audio Playground
* “Holiday”: Additional Programming by Snoog and DJ Iain
* “Together”, “I Like It”, “Phone Call”, and “Soft Parade”: Additional Programming by Snoog, DJ Iain, and OBScene

“Absolutely Anytime”, “No Longer Mine”, and “Slomotion”

* Produced by Rhys Fulber
* Mixed & Engineered by Mike Plotnikoff
* Digital Editing by Paul Silveira
* Recorded at Hipposonic (Vancouver, BC)
* Additional Recording at Signal to Noise
* Programming by Rhys Fulber
* Mixed at Hipposonic and The Mix Room (Burbank, CA)
* Mixing Assistants Chris Guy (Hipposonic) and Chuck Bailey (The Mix Room)
* “Absolutely Anytime”: Additional Programming by Joey Serlin and OBScene
* “No Longer Mine”: Additional Programming by Chris Peterson, Jason Filipchuk, Joey Serlin and OBScene
* “Slomotion”: Additional Programming by Chris Peterson, Joey Serlin and OBScene

“Stereo (Remix)”

* Remixed by Rhys Fulber
* Mixed by Mike Plotnikoff
* Programming by Rhys Fulber
* Digital Editing by Greg Collins
* Mixed at The Mix Room (Burbank, CA)
* Recorded by Adam Kasper
* Original version from *Silent Radar*

1. "The Watchmen - Billboard Albums". *allmusic*. Retrieved 2011-03-18.
2. "Gold & Platinum Certification – October 2001". Canadian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved 2010-08-17.

## InfoBox

| Slomotion | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by The Watchmen | |
| Released | October 2001 (Canada)
November 6, 2001 (U.S.) |
| Recorded | Sound and Vision, Toronto, ON and Hipposonic, Vancouver, BC |
| Genre | Rock |
| Label | EMI Music Canada |
| Producer | The Watchmen, DJ Iain, Snoog, & Rhys Fulber |
| The Watchmen chronology | |
| *Live Radar*
(1998) ***Slomotion***
(2001) *Last Road Trip Download Series*
(2004) | |


title: Chen Rong (athlete)

abstract: Chen Rong is a Chinese long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon. She was selected to represent her country at the 2008 Summer Olympics, but did not compete. Her first major victory in the marathon came in 2007, when she won at the Beijing International Marathon, setting a personal best time of 2:27:05. She won the Xiamen International Marathon in 2009 with a time of 2:29:52. Chen took her first win at the Dalian Marathon in 2010, completing the distance in 2:30:09. She was the runner-up at the Beijing Marathon later that year, making it a Chinese 1–2 with race winner Wang Jiali. In 2011, she attempted to retain her title at the Dalian Marathon. Although she was beaten by Wang Jiali, she set a new personal best of 2:26:49 hours to take second place. She was selected for the 2011 World Championships in Athletics in Daegu as a result and gave her best international performance to date, finishing eleventh in a time of 2:31:11 hours. That September she ran a new best for the 10,000 metres, completing the distance in 31:39.77 minutes.

text:
# Chen Rong (athlete)

**Chen Rong** (born 18 May 1988 in Hebei) is a Chinese long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon. She was selected to represent her country at the 2008 Summer Olympics, but did not compete.

Her first major victory in the marathon came in 2007, when she won at the Beijing International Marathon, setting a personal best time of 2:27:05. She won the Xiamen International Marathon in 2009 with a time of 2:29:52. Chen took her first win at the Dalian Marathon in 2010, completing the distance in 2:30:09. She was the runner-up at the Beijing Marathon later that year, making it a Chinese 1–2 with race winner Wang Jiali.

In 2011, she attempted to retain her title at the Dalian Marathon. Although she was beaten by Wang Jiali, she set a new personal best of 2:26:49 hours to take second place. She was selected for the 2011 World Championships in Athletics in Daegu as a result and gave her best international performance to date, finishing eleventh in a time of 2:31:11 hours. That September she ran a new best for the 10,000 metres, completing the distance in 31:39.77 minutes.

## Personal bests


title: Slipping Through My Fingers

abstract: "Slipping Through My Fingers" is a song written by Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson and recorded by Swedish pop group ABBA, with lead vocals by Agnetha Fältskog. It was released on their 1981 album The Visitors. The song is about a mother's regret at how quickly her daughter is growing up, and the lack of time they have spent together, as the girl goes to school. The inspiration for the song was Ulvaeus' and Fältskog's daughter, Linda Ulvaeus, who was seven at the time the song was written. The song was released as a single only in Japan, where it was a red vinyl promo single for The Coca-Cola Company with nothing on the B-side except a printed picture of the group. An album with the same name and a similar-looking cover was also released in Japan.

text:
# Slipping Through My Fingers

"**Slipping Through My Fingers**" is a song written by Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson and recorded by Swedish pop group ABBA, with lead vocals by Agnetha Fältskog. It was released on their 1981 album *The Visitors*. The song is about a mother's regret at how quickly her daughter is growing up, and the lack of time they have spent together, as the girl goes to school.

The inspiration for the song was Ulvaeus' and Fältskog's daughter, Linda Ulvaeus, who was seven at the time the song was written.

The song was released as a single only in Japan, where it was a red vinyl promo single for The Coca-Cola Company with nothing on the B-side except a printed picture of the group. An album with the same name and a similar-looking cover was also released in Japan.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 200,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.<br> | | |

## Spanish version

"**Se Me Está Escapando**" is the Spanish Language version of "Slipping Through My Fingers", with lyrics by Buddy and Mary McCluskey. The song was released as a single in Spanish-speaking countries in 1982 and also included on the South American versions of the album *The Visitors*. The track was first released on CD in 1994 as part of the Polydor US compilation *Más ABBA Oro*, and in 1999 included on the expanded re-release of *ABBA Oro: Grandes Éxitos*.

## Cover versions

* The song is used in the ABBA songs-based musical *Mamma Mia!*, as well as the 2008 movie adaptation. This version was certified Silver by BPI in 2021.
* American stage musical singer Wendy Coates recorded a cover of the song for her 2001 album *Journeys*.
* English singer/songwriter Declan McKenna released a stripped-down cover of the song in 2023.

## InfoBox

| "Slipping Through My Fingers" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Promotional single by ABBA | |
| from the album  *The Visitors* | |
| Released | June 1981 |
| Studio | Polar Music |
| Genre | Europop |
| Length | 3:51 |
| Label | * Discomate (Japan) * RCA (South America) |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | * Benny Andersson * Björn Ulvaeus |
|  | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
| Se Me Está Escapando, Argentina | |
|  | |
| Audio | |
| "Slipping Through My Fingers" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Slipping rib syndrome

abstract: Slipping rib syndrome (SRS) is a condition in which the interchondral ligaments are weakened or disrupted and have increased laxity, causing the costal cartilage tips to subluxate. This results in pain or discomfort due to pinched or irritated intercostal nerves, straining of the intercostal muscles, and inflammation. The condition affects the 8th, 9th, and 10th ribs, referred to as the false ribs, with the 10th rib most commonly affected. Slipping rib syndrome was first described by Edgar Ferdinand Cyriax in 1919; however, the condition is rarely recognized and frequently overlooked. A study estimated the prevalence of the condition to be 1% of clinical diagnoses in a general medicine clinic and 5% in a gastroenterology clinic, with a separate study finding it to be 3% in a mixed specialty general medicine and gastroenterology clinic. The condition has also been referred to as Cyriax syndrome, clicking rib syndrome, painful rib syndrome, interchondral subluxation, or displaced ribs. The term "slipping rib syndrome" was coined by surgeon Robert Davies-Colley in 1922, which has been popularly quoted since.

text:
# Slipping rib syndrome

**Slipping rib syndrome** (**SRS**) is a condition in which the interchondral ligaments are weakened or disrupted and have increased laxity, causing the costal cartilage tips to subluxate (partially dislocate). This results in pain or discomfort due to pinched or irritated intercostal nerves, straining of the intercostal muscles, and inflammation. The condition affects the 8th, 9th, and 10th ribs, referred to as the false ribs, with the 10th rib most commonly affected.

Slipping rib syndrome was first described by Edgar Ferdinand Cyriax in 1919; however, the condition is rarely recognized and frequently overlooked. A study estimated the prevalence of the condition to be 1% of clinical diagnoses in a general medicine clinic and 5% in a gastroenterology clinic, with a separate study finding it to be 3% in a mixed specialty general medicine and gastroenterology clinic.

The condition has also been referred to as **Cyriax syndrome**, **clicking rib syndrome**, **painful rib syndrome**, **interchondral subluxation**, or **displaced ribs**. The term "slipping rib syndrome" was coined by surgeon Robert Davies-Colley in 1922, which has been popularly quoted since.

## Symptoms

The presentation of slipping rib syndrome varies for each individual and can present at one or both sides of the rib cage, with symptoms appearing primarily in the abdomen and back. Pain is most commonly presented as episodic and varies from a minor nuisance to severely impacting quality of life. It has been reported that symptoms can last from minutes to hours.

One of the commonly reported symptoms of this condition is the sensation of "popping" or "clicking" of the lower ribs as a result of subluxation of the cartilaginous joints. Individuals with SRS report an intense, sharp pain that can radiate from the chest to the back, and may be reproducible by pressing on the affected rib(s). A dull, aching sensation has also been reported by some affected individuals. Certain postures or movements may exacerbate the symptoms, such as stretching, reaching, coughing, sneezing**,** lifting, bending, sitting, sports activities, and respiration. There have also been reports of vomiting and nausea associated with the condition.

## Risk factors

The causes of slipping rib syndrome are unclear, although several risk factors have been suggested. The condition often accompanies a history of physical trauma. This observation could explain reports of the condition among athletes, as they are at increased risk for trauma, especially for certain full-contact sports such as hockey, wrestling, and American football. There have also been reports of slipping rib syndrome among other athletes, such as swimmers, which could plausibly result from repetitive upper body movements coupled with high physical demands.

Reported incidents, in which no history of traumatic impact to the chest wall has been described, are considered a gradual onset condition. Slipping rib syndrome may also result from the presence of a birth defect, such as an unstable bifid rib. Generalized hypermobility has also been suggested to be a possible further risk factor.

## Diagnosis

Diagnosing slipping rib syndrome is predominantly clinical, with a physical examination of the affected rib being the most commonly utilized. A technique known as the "hooking maneuver" is commonly used amongst medical professionals to diagnose slipping rib syndrome. The examiner will hook their fingers under the costal margin, then pull in an anterior (outward) and superior (upward) direction, with a positive result when movement or pain is replicated during this action.

Plain radiographs, CT scans, MRI, and standard ultrasound, are all unable to visualize the cartilage affected by SRS; however, they are often used to exclude other conditions. Dynamic ultrasound is occasionally used to evaluate the dynamic laxity or displacement of the cartilage; however, it has been said to be not much superior to that of a physical examination from an experienced physician, as a diagnosis is dependent on the technician's expertise and knowledge of the condition. A positive result of a dynamic ultrasound for slipping rib syndrome requires an observed subluxation of the cartilage, which may be elicited with the Valsalva, crunch, or other maneuvers. Nerve blocking injections have also been utilized as a diagnostic method by noting the absence of pain following an injection to the intercostal nerves of the affected ribs.

### Differential diagnosis

Slipping rib syndrome is often confused with costochondritis and Tietze syndrome, as they also involve the cartilage of the thoracic wall. Costochondritis is a common cause of chest pain, consisting of up to 30% of chest pain complaints in emergency departments. The pain is typically diffused with the upper costochondral or sternocostal junctions most frequently involved, unlike slipping rib syndrome, which involves the lower rib cage. Tietze syndrome differs from these conditions as it is often associated with inflammation and swelling of the costochondral, sternocostal, and sternoclavicular joints, whereas individuals with slipping rib syndrome or costochondritis will exhibit no swelling. Tietze syndrome typically involves the second and third ribs and is usually a result of infectious, rheumatologic, or neoplastic processes.

A condition referred to as twelfth rib syndrome is similar to slipping rib syndrome; however, it affects the floating ribs (11–12) which do not have any attachments to the sternum. Some researchers classify slipping rib syndrome and twelfth rib syndrome into a group referred to as painful rib syndrome, others classify twelfth rib syndrome as a subtype of slipping rib syndrome, and some considering the two to be separate conditions altogether. The two disorders have different presentation and diagnostic criteria, such that a diagnosis for twelfth rib syndrome does not include the hooking maneuver and typically presents as lower back, abdominal, and groin pain.

Other differential diagnosis includes pleurisy, rib fracture, gastric ulcer, cholecystitis, esophagitis, and hepatosplenic abnormalities.

## Treatment

Treatment modalities for slipping rib syndrome range from conservative measures to surgical procedures.

### Conservative measures

Conservative measures are often the first forms of treatment offered to patients with slipping rib syndrome, especially those in which symptoms are minor. Often the patients will be reassured and recommended to limit activity, use ice, and take pain medication such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Further measures such as osteopathic manipulation treatment (OMT), physical therapy, chiropractic treatment, and acupuncture, are other non-invasive methods that have been used to treat SRS, with the goal of these treatments typically being relief or symptom management. Topical medications are occasionally used, such as Diclofenac gel and lidocaine transdermal patches, which have been noted to provide temporary relief of symptoms.

### Nerve blocking injections

Minimally invasive procedures have been used for individuals with moderate slipping rib syndrome. Nerve blocking injections consisting of steroidal or local anesthetic agents have been commonly reported as a treatment to avoid surgical intervention. This minimally invasive intervention is seen as temporary, with repeated injections necessary to prevent the resurgence of symptoms.

### Surgical procedures

Surgical intervention is often performed in cases where other treatment modalities have failed to provide a solution. There are four types of surgical procedures noted in current literature: costal cartilage removal, rib resection, laparoscopic costal cartilage removal, and rib stabilization with plating.

Costal cartilage removal, or excision, was first attempted in 1922 by Davies-Colley and has been the technique used by several surgeons since then. This method of surgical repair includes removal of the cartilage affected from the sternum to the boned portion of the rib, with or without preserving the perichondrium. Rib resection differentiates from costal cartilage removal as it removes a small bone portion of the affected rib(s). Laparoscopic costal cartilage removal is a minimally invasive, intra-abdominal approach to treating the condition. The affected cartilage is excised from the sternocostal junction to the costochondral junction. It is to be noted that within studies that have performed these procedures, some individuals may experience recurrence of symptoms.

An alternative technique known as rib stabilization with plating is used to prevent subluxation of the affected rib(s) while preserving thorax mobility. It was first used to treat individuals who have undergone previous resection surgeries but experienced a recurrence of symptoms. In this procedure, the ribs are stabilized using a bio-absorbable plate that is anchored onto a stable non-affected rib located above the affected rib(s). The plates are vertically placed onto the ribs and secured using non-absorbable sutures.

A more recent technique of rib stabilization with suturing, colloquially known as the Hansen Method after its creator, is used to bring the affected rib(s) to their normal anatomy. The method uses an orthopedic tape suture to tie the slipped rib around a higher, unaffected rib(s) to stabilize it. This method is similar in concept to the aforementioned method of stabilization with plating; however, the suture is not bioabsorbable.

## Epidemiology

Slipping rib syndrome is considered to be underdiagnosed and frequently overlooked. Past literature has noted the condition to be rare or uncommon, but one 1980 study estimated SRS to have 1% of clinical diagnoses in new patients at a general medicine clinic and 5% at a specialty gastroenterology clinic, with the prevalence being even higher for patients referred to the specialty clinic after multiple negative investigations. A separate study from 1993 found that slipping rib syndrome accounted for 3% of new referrals to a mixed specialty general medicine and gastroenterology clinic.

It is unclear whether SRS is more common in women as some studies report an equal gender distribution while others report the condition to occur more often in females. It has been suggested by some researchers that there is a hormonal connection between hormones and the increased ligament laxity observed in females during pregnancy, though this theory has yet to be upheld or explored.

## History

Slipping rib syndrome was first mentioned in 1919 by Edgar Ferdinand Cyriax, an orthopedic physician and physiotherapist, who described a chest pain associated with a "popping" or "clicking" sensation. The condition was originally named after him, Cyriax syndrome, but has used multiple names since then, including clicking rib syndrome, painful rib syndrome, interchondral subluxation, and displaced ribs. The name "slipping rib syndrome" was first used by surgeon Robert Davies-Colley and gained popularity, becoming the most commonly quoted term for the condition. Davies-Colley was also the first to describe an operation for slipping rib syndrome, a costal cartilage removal.

The "hooking maneuver" was noted in 1977 by Heinz & Zavala to be useful for slipping rib syndrome as an accurate diagnostic method.

## InfoBox

| Slipping rib syndrome | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | Cyriax syndrome, clicking rib syndrome, painful rib syndrome, displaced ribs, interchondral subluxation |
|  | |
| Illustration of slipping rib syndrome | |
| Specialty | General surgery, thoracic surgery, orthopedic surgery, sports medicine |
| Symptoms | "Popping" or "clicking" sensation in ribs, back pain, abdominal pain, chest pain, aching pain, pain with activity/movement |
| Risk factors | Hypermobility, trauma |
| Diagnostic method | Physical examination, dynamic ultrasound |
| Differential diagnosis | Costochondritis, Tietze syndrome, pleurisy, rib fracture, gastric ulcer, cholecystitis, esophagitis, hepatosplenic abnormalities |
| Treatment | Analgesics, injections, surgery |