title: Botroseya Church bombing

abstract: On 11 December 2016, a suicide bomber killed 29 people and injured 47 others at St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, a chapel next to Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral, seat of the Coptic Orthodox Pope, in Cairo's Abbasia district. Egypt's President, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi identified the bomber as 22-year-old Mahmoud Shafiq Mohammed Mustafa, who had worn a suicide vest. el-Sisi reported that three men and a woman have been arrested in connection with the attack; two others are being sought. ISIS claimed responsibility for the attack.

text:
# Botroseya Church bombing

| Martyrs of Botroseya Church | |
| --- | --- |
| Martyrs | |
| Died | 11 December 2016 |
| Venerated in | Coptic Orthodox Church |
| Feast |  |

On 11 December 2016, a suicide bomber killed 29 people and injured 47 others at St. Peter and St. Paul's Church (commonly known as El-Botroseya Church), a chapel next to Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral, seat of the Coptic Orthodox Pope, in Cairo's Abbasia district. Egypt's President, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi identified the bomber as 22-year-old Mahmoud Shafiq Mohammed Mustafa, who had worn a suicide vest. el-Sisi reported that three men and a woman have been arrested in connection with the attack; two others are being sought. ISIS claimed responsibility for the attack.

## Bombing

The explosion occurred at around 10:00 am on 11 December 2016 in Cairo's Abbassia district. The MENA news agency initially reported that an assailant had planted a device in a chapel near the church compound's premises. Security officials did not know at that time whether it was a suicide bombing or a remotely activated device, which they believed would have been a large one.

The device reportedly contained 12 kilograms (26 lb) of TNT. An unnamed church source told a Nile TV reporter that the bomb was thrown inside the cathedral's hall, adjacent to the entrance of the building.

St Mark's Cathedral is constantly patrolled by security personnel. While security officials did not know the bomber's gender, some media organizations speculated that the assailant was a woman since most victims were women and children.

## Aftermath

Roads leading to the site were blocked after security forces arrived. They cordoned off the area and started inspecting the church compound and its security cameras. The health ministry sent fourteen ambulances to the scene to assist the injured.

The casualties were taken to the nearby Demerdash and Dar al-Shifa hospitals. The government placed Cairo International Airport and the city's transport system on alert, a measure which included a state of emergency in Cairo's subway network, tightening security protocols at each station's gates. Prime Minister Sherif Ismail and Cairo's security chief, General Khaled Abdel-Aal, visited the scene. The prosecutor general, Nabil Ahmed Sadeq, ordered the Homeland Security department to carry out an investigation.

Cabinet spokesman Ashraf Sultan described the incident as a "terrorist" attack, and denied certain media reports about Interior Minister Magdy Abdel Ghaffar's alleged resignation, stating that Ghaffar had just attended a ministerial meeting to discuss the incident. Sultan also stressed the need for media figures to exercise caution while covering the events. The Interior Ministry said that it was investigating members of the police unit that was assigned to the church complex.

On 26 December 2016 Egypt's Army Corps of Engineers stated they had completed 80% of the renovations at the church and were hoping to have the church ready for 7 January, when Coptic Christians celebrate the Nativity.

## Perpetrators

President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi on 12 December, identified the bomber as 22-year-old Mahmoud Shafiq Mohammed Mustafa. el-Sisi reported that three men and a woman have been arrested in connection with the attack; two others are being sought. On 13 December, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed responsibility in Amaq News Agency. However, an Interior Ministry official, police Maj. Gen. Tarek Attia, said that the suicide bomber had been arrested in 2014 in Fayoum province, southwest of Cairo, on charges of being a member of the outlawed Muslim Brotherhood.

Mahmoud Shafiq Mohamed Mostafa, the man identified by Egyptian authorities as the perpetrator of the St. Peter and St. Paul church bombing was reportedly arrested in 2014 in Hawatem Square in Fayoum along with a colleague, according to lawyer Yasmine Hossam al-Din, who represented him at the time.

President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi announced that Mostafa bombed the Cairo church on Sunday using an explosive belt, in his speech at the official state funeral for the victims of the explosion on Monday afternoon.

Hossam al-Din, who represented Mostafa during his trial in 2014, said he happened to be in the vicinity of a Muslim Brotherhood protest in Fayoum when he was arrested and subsequently charged with protesting without a permit, arms possession and joining a banned group.

Mostafa was reportedly subjected to severe torture during his interrogations, resulting in a broken nose, according to Hossam al-Din.

A year after his arrest, in May 2015, the prosecution dropped charges of arms possession and joining a banned organization, but upheld accusations of protesting without a permit, meaning the case was categorized as a misdemeanor rather than a felony. Fayoum Criminal Court, headed by Atef Rizk, ordered his release in 2015, after Mostafa exceeded the maximum 6-month pretrial detention period for misdemeanors.

Security forces later arrested Mostafa’s colleague, according to Hossam al-Din, and detained him pending investigations into another case in Beni Suef..

The Egyptian Interior Ministry produced a statement asserting that the Cairo attack was organized and carried out by terrorists led by Mohab Mostafa El-Sayed Kassem, which the Ministry said had links to Ansar Bait al-Maqdis, also known as Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Sinai Province. The ministry claimed that Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood fugitives in Qatar had provided financing and logistical support. However, both the Muslim Brotherhood and the government of Qatar have denied that they had any role in the bombing.

Mustafa once visited Qatar on 3 December 2015 but headed back to Cairo on 1 February 2016. He had never been detained by Qatari authorities.

By early 2017 eight suspects had been arrested for the bombing.

## Reactions

### Egyptian

Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, the Egyptian President, said "Vicious terrorism is being waged against the country's Copts and Muslims. Egypt will emerge stronger and more united from this situation." Sisi also declared a national period of mourning for three days.

Pope Tawadros II of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria sought to heal any sectarian friction caused by the attack, saying it "is not just a disaster for the Church but a disaster for the whole nation." Tawadros cut short his trip to Greece and arrived in Cairo that evening.

Bishop Youssef of the Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Southern United States issued a press release saying the church would be fasting and praying "not for the martyrs" but for the healing of the Egyptian people and for Muslims and Christians to live peacefully together.

On 12 December President Sisi and Coptic Pope Tawadros led the funeral procession, after the Coptic Pope officiated over the funeral.

Egyptian journalist and talk show host, Amr Adib, interviewed survivors and interviewed the doctors who reconstructed the bomber's face from the pieces that were left at the scene. Doctors described and showed the bomber's head, in graphic detail, even lifting it and opening and closing his mouth, and showed how they had to stuff his head with cotton because it was empty. They explained to the On Ent channel TV audience what can be accomplished through DNA analysis.

Azza Radwan Sedky, an Egyptian academic who wrote *Cairo Rewind* about the Egyptian Revolution, wrote "An Open Letter to a Suicide Bomber" saying:

> I hope you understand the consequences of your atrocious act. Your kind will never be able to command any country in the world because every country and every human being wishes you ill, hoping that the likes of you disappear from the face of the earth.

and it was published in Ahram Online on 19 December 2016.

### International

* United Nations – The UN Security Council strongly condemned the terrorist attack. The Council reiterated that "any acts of terrorism are criminal and unjustifiable, regardless of their motivation, wherever, whenever and by whomsoever committed" and underscored the need to bring perpetrators, organizers, financiers and sponsors of these reprehensible acts to justice.
* Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International made statements which were rebuked by the Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

### Countries

* Algeria \- Abdul Aziz bin Ali Al-Sharif, official spokesman of the Algerian Foreign Ministry, has strongly condemned the terrorist explosion.
* Bangladesh – Foreign Minister Abul Hassan Mahmud Ali wrote to his counterpart Sameh Shoukry and expressed his "profound shock and deep sorrow" on behalf of Bangladesh, the foreign ministry said. "We strongly condemn such heinous and mindless acts of violence and pray for the salvation of the departed souls", Mahmood Ali wrote in a statement.
* Jordan \- Jordanian Minister of State for Media Affairs Mohammad Al Momany said that Jordan condemned the terrorist attack and support Egyptian effort in fighting terrorism.
* Gaza StripHamas released a statement condemning the bombing saying, "The purpose of crimes like these, which harm innocents, is to wreak havoc and cause an exchange of accusations between parties who live in the area in a way that only helps enemies of Arab and Islamic nation".
* Israel – "Israel condemns the reprehensible terrorist attack at the Coptic cathedral in Cairo", a statement from Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's office said. "Israel shares in the grief of the families of the victims and of the Egyptian people. We must unite forces and fight terrorism together."
* Malaysia \- "The Government of Malaysia expresses its deepest condolences to the Government and people of the Arab Republic of Egypt and to the families and victims affected by the attack," said the Malaysian Foreign Ministry in a statement.
* Malta \- On X (then known as Twitter), foreign affairs minister, George William Vella wrote "Condemn without reservations the heineous attack on the Coptic church in Cairo. Full support to the Egyptian authorities."
* Poland – In a letter to Egypt's President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, Andrzej Duda wrote: "Please accept my expressions of the deepest sorrow and sympathy, on behalf of myself and the Polish nation."
* Philippines \- Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs said in a statement that it "condemns in the strongest terms" the terrorist attacks, emphasizing that "such heinous acts of violence in a place of worship have no place in society." "We continue to stand with Egypt and the international community against terrorism in all its forms," it also added.
* Russia – Russian President Vladimir Putin denounced the "brutal attack" and expressed his "shock and grief" in his statement, particularly because of the high number of women and children who were among the victims.
* Saudi Arabia \- "Such cowardly act is deplorable by Islam and all religions, as it contravenes the human values and principles and international conventions," an official source at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs said while offering condolences to the families of the victims, as well as to the Egyptian government and people, the Saudi Press Agency reported.
* Spain – Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy condemned the attack on his Twitter account.
* Turkey – "We convey our condolences to the bereaved families of those who lost their lives in this heinous attack and wish a speedy recovery to the wounded", according to a statement released by the foreign ministry.
* United States – "We strongly condemn this hateful act of violence, which targeted Egypt's Christian community. We stand with Egypt in opposing all acts of terrorism as we support a stable, secure, prosperous future for all Egyptians", the US Embassy in Cairo said in a press statement.
* Vatican City \- Pope Francis expresses condolences to Pope Tawadros II of Alexandria following Botroseya Church bombing, and he said "I would like to express a special closeness to my dear brother Pope Tawadros II and to his community, and I am praying for the dead and the wounded".

## InfoBox

| Botroseya Church bombing | |
| --- | --- |
| Church of SS. Peter and Paul in 2010 | |
| Location | Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt |
| Date | 11 December 2016 (2016-12-11) <br>10:00 (UTC+02:00) |
| Target | Coptic Christians |
| Attack type | Bombing |
| Weapons | Suicide vest |
| Deaths | 29 |
| Injured | 47 |
| Perpetrators | Islamic State - Sinai Province |
| Assailant | Mahmoud Shafiq Mohammed Mustafa |


title: Buster (nickname)

abstract: Buster is a nickname of:

text:
# Buster (nickname)

**Buster** is a nickname of:

## Actors

* William Collier Jr. (1902–1987), American actor
* Buster Crabbe (1908–1983), American actor and athlete
* Buster Larsen, Danish comic actor Axel Landing Larsen (1920–1993)
* Buster Keaton (1895–1966), American actor, filmmaker, producer and writer
* Buster Merryfield (1920–1999), English actor most famous for his portrayal of 'Uncle' Albert Trotter in the sitcom *Only Fools and Horses*

## Musicians and singers

## In sports

## Other


title: Södertelje Verkstäder

abstract: Södertelje Verkstäder was a Swedish company in Södertälje that made railway cars and Draisine. In 1901 the builder of electric cars Harald Håkansson agreed to a contract that gave Södertelje Verkstäder access to blueprints and engines from Kühlstein, NAG and Protos that they sold under the name "Helios". Starting in 1902, the company also imported the Oldsmobile Curved Dash lookalike Northern from Detroit, USA and sold it as "Norden". However, the market wasn't ready for automobiles, and in 1906 they sold the remaining stock but continued making railway cars and airplanes.

text:
# Södertelje Verkstäder

**Södertelje Verkstäder** was a Swedish company in Södertälje that made railway cars and Draisine. In 1901 the builder of electric cars Harald Håkansson agreed to a contract that gave Södertelje Verkstäder access to blueprints and engines from Kühlstein, NAG and Protos that they sold under the name "Helios". Starting in 1902, the company also imported the Oldsmobile Curved Dash lookalike Northern (made by ex-Oldsmobile employees J D Maxwell and C B King) from Detroit, USA and sold it as "Norden". However, the market wasn't ready for automobiles, and in 1906 they sold the remaining stock but continued making railway cars and airplanes.

1. Ekström, Gert (1984). *Svenska bilbyggare* \[*Swedish Car Manufacturers*\] (in Swedish). Allt om hobby. ISBN 91-85496-22-7.
2. Helios, Cars/Sweden, Konditori 100s Garage

## InfoBox

Södertelje Verkstäder
|
|  |
| Headquarters | Södertälje, Sweden |


title: Kotari

abstract: Kotari is a settlement (naselje) in the Samobor administrative territory of Zagreb County, Croatia. As of 2011 it had a population of 63 people.

text:
# Kotari

**Kotari** is a settlement (*naselje*) in the Samobor administrative territory of Zagreb County, Croatia. As of 2011 it had a population of 63 people.

## InfoBox

| Kotari | |
| --- | --- |
| Settlement | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Zagreb |
| City | Samobor |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.0 km2 (0.4 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 72 |
| Density | 72/km2 (190/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Canonchet (YTB-823)

abstract: Canonchet (YTB-823) was a United States Navy Natick-class large harbor tug.

text:
# Canonchet (YTB-823)

***Canonchet* (YTB-823)** was a United States Navy *Natick*-class large harbor tug.

## Construction

The contract for *Canonchet* was awarded 9 August 1971. She was laid down on 7 February 1973 at Marinette, Wisconsin, by Marinette Marine and launched 10 July 1973.

## Nomenclature

*Canonchet* was named for Canonchet (d. 1676) a sachem of the Narragansett Tribe in Rhode Island.

## Operational history

*Canonchet* was delivered to the navy on 23 September 1973. The tug served at Naval Station San Diego, California into 1993. Sometime after 1993, she was transferred to Naval Region Northwest. She was placed out of service on 27 October 2021.

## InfoBox

*Canonchet* (YTB-823)
| Aerial starboard bow view of *Canonchet* (YTB-823) underway at San Diego, 1 May 1983. | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Awarded | 9 August 1971 |
| Builder | Marinette Marine, Marinette, Wisconsin |
| Laid down | 7 February 1973 |
| Launched | 10 July 1973 |
| Acquired | 23 September 1973 |
| Out of service | 27 October 2021 |
| Stricken | 27 October 2021 |
| Identification | MMSI number: 369970521 |
| Status | Stricken to be disposed of |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Natick*-class large harbor tug |
| Displacement | * 286 long tons (291 t) (light) * 346 long tons (352 t) (full) |
| Length | 108 ft (33 m) |
| Beam | 31 ft (9.4 m) |
| Draft | 14 ft (4.3 m) |
| Speed | 12 knots (14 mph; 22 km/h) |
| Complement | 12 |
| Armament | None |


title: Rafferty (TV series)

abstract: Rafferty is an American drama series starring Patrick McGoohan that aired on CBS from September 28 until November 28, 1977. McGoohan played a former army doctor named Sid Rafferty who has retired and moved into private practice. Also seen regularly were John Getz as Rafferty's junior partner, Dr. Daniel Gentry, and Millie Slavin as the medical office's nurse, Vera Wales. Episodes often dealt with the gruff, egotistical and driven Rafferty, a brilliant diagnostician with almost no social skills or bedside manner, working to identify his patients' unusual and life-threatening ailments. One reviewer considers this series a forerunner to House, M.D. It only lasted one season for 10 out of 13 episodes, and McGoohan was apparently very unhappy with the series, reportedly saying: "...a disaster... the most miserable job I've ever done in my life... a total frustration from start to finish.."

text:
# Rafferty (TV series)

***Rafferty*** is an American drama series starring Patrick McGoohan that aired on CBS from September 28 until November 28, 1977. McGoohan played a former army doctor named Sid Rafferty who has retired and moved into private practice. Also seen regularly were John Getz as Rafferty's junior partner, Dr. Daniel Gentry, and Millie Slavin as the medical office's nurse, Vera Wales. Episodes often dealt with the gruff, egotistical and driven Rafferty, a brilliant diagnostician with almost no social skills or bedside manner, working to identify his patients' unusual and life-threatening ailments. One reviewer considers this series a forerunner to *House, M.D.*

It only lasted one season for 10 out of 13 episodes, and McGoohan was apparently very unhappy with the series, reportedly saying: "...a disaster ... the most miserable job I've ever done in my life ... a total frustration from start to finish.."

## Cast

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Pilot" | Barry Crane | James Lee | September 5, 1977 (1977-09-05) |
| 2 | "Brothers & Sons" | Barry Crane | *S*: Jerry De Bono
*T*: Arthur Heinemann & James Lee | September 12, 1977 (1977-09-12) |
| 3 | "A Point of View" | Alexander Singer | James Lee | September 19, 1977 (1977-09-19) |
| 4 | "The Cutting Edge" | Barry Crane | John Meredyth Lucas | September 26, 1977 (1977-09-26) |
| 5 | "The Narrow Thread" | Barry Crane | Unknown | October 3, 1977 (1977-10-03) |
| 6 | "The Epidemic" | Barry Crane | David P. Lewis | October 17, 1977 (1977-10-17) |
| 7 | "The Wild Child" | Patrick McGoohan | Sue Milburn | October 31, 1977 (1977-10-31) |
| 8 | "The Will to Live" | Edward H. Feldman | *S*: Arthur Joel Katz
*S/T*: Sue Milburn | November 7, 1977 (1977-11-07) |
| 9 | "Walking Wounded" | Arnold Laven | James Lee | November 14, 1977 (1977-11-14) |
| 10 | "Death Out of a Blue Sky" | Barry Crane | Robert Van Scoyk | November 28, 1977 (1977-11-28) |
| 11 | "No Yesterday and No Tomorrow" | Arnold Laven | *S*: Rift Fournier
*T*: James Menzies | N/A |
| 12 | "The Price of Pain" | Arnold Laven | *S*: Rift Fournier
*T*: James Menzies & John Meredyth Lucas | N/A |
| 13 | "The Burning Man" | Barry Crane | Sue Milburn | N/A |

## Cultural impact

The lyrics of the single "Sleeping Gas" by the post-punk band The Teardrop Explodes express displeasure at the series: "You can watch Rafferty turn into a serial / Just like a cartoon by AAP".

## InfoBox

| *Rafferty* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Medical drama |
| Created by | James Lee |
| Starring | Patrick McGoohan
John Getz
Millie Slavin |
| Theme music composer | Leonard Rosenman |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 13 (3 unaired) |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Jerry Thorpe |
| Producers | Norman S. Powell
Robert van Scoyk |
| Camera setup | Single-camera |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Production company | Warner Bros. Television |
| Original release | |
| Network | CBS |
| Release | September 5 (1977-09-05)
November 28, 1977 (1977-11-28) |


title: Coronet Camera Company

abstract: The Coronet Camera Company was an English company most noted for its box cameras manufactured in the 1950s. The company was established in 1926 at 48 Great Hampton Street, Aston, Birmingham, by Frederick Pettifer.

text:
# Coronet Camera Company

The **Coronet Camera Company** was an English company most noted for its box cameras manufactured in the 1950s. The company was established in 1926 at 48 Great Hampton Street, Aston, Birmingham, by Frederick Pettifer.

## Products

Products include:

* The Coronet Ambassador \- a box camera taking 6x9cm format pictures on 120 film.
* The Coronet Flashmaster \- a conventional 120 film camera with flash synchronization, taking 6x6cm format pictures.
* The Coronet Cadet \- a similar camera to the Flashmaster, without flash synchronization.
* The Coronet Clipper \- a folding camera.
* The Coronet Rapide \- a folding camera.
* The Coronet Rex \- a box camera taking 6x9cm format pictures on 120 film.
* The Coronet Twelve-20 \- a box camera taking 6x6 cm format pictures on 120 film and 620 film. There were two models, the basic and the Colour Filter Model - which had a green filter. Two aperture settings, f/16 and f/22; focus from 7' 0" to ∞ at f/22, or 8’ 6″ to ∞ at f/16; two shutter speeds, either around 1/25 s – 1/50 s (closer to 1/50), or bulb.
* The Coronet Midget

In the main, Coronet. produced budget cameras. They remain common and can be cheaply obtained on the second hand market.

## Company history

The Coronet Camera Company was founded in Birmingham, England, by F.W. Pettifer, in about 1926. In 1946, the company became Coronet Ltd. The company continued to produce cameras until 1967.

## InfoBox

Coronet Camera Company
| Industry | Photography |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1926 (1926) |
| Founder | F.W. Pettifer |
| Defunct | 1967 (1967) |
| Fate | Defunct |
| Headquarters | Birmingham, England |
| Products | Cameras |


title: Endoxyla celebesa

abstract: Endoxyla celebesa is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found on Sulawesi.

text:
# Endoxyla celebesa

***Endoxyla celebesa*** is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found on Sulawesi.

## InfoBox

| *Endoxyla celebesa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Cossidae |
| Genus: | *Endoxyla* |
| Species: | ***E. celebesa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Endoxyla celebesa***<br>(Walker, 1865) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Zeuzera celebesa* Walker, 1865 | |


title: Fiber metal laminate

abstract:
Fiber metal laminate (FML) is one of a class of metallic materials consisting of a laminate of several thin metal layers bonded with layers of composite material. This allows the material to behave much as a simple metal structure, but with considerable specific advantages regarding properties such as metal fatigue, impact, corrosion resistance, fire resistance, weight savings, and specialized strength properties. During the past decades, increasing demand in aircraft industry for high-performance, lightweight structures have stimulated a strong trend towards the development of refined models for fiber metal laminates (FMLs). Fiber metal laminates are hybrid composite materials built up from interlacing layers of thin metals and fiber reinforced adhesives. The most well known FMLs are:
  - ARALL, based on aramid fibers
  - GLARE, based on high-strength glass fibers
  - CentrAl, which surrounds a GLARE core with thicker layers of aluminum
  - CARALL, based on carbon fibers Taking advantage of the hybrid nature from their two key constituents: metals and fiber-reinforced laminate, these composites offer several advantages such as better damage tolerance to fatigue crack growth and impact damage especially for aircraft applications. Metallic layers and fiber reinforced laminate can be bonded by classical techniques, i.e. mechanically and adhesively. Adhesively bonded FMLs have been shown to be far more fatigue resistant than equivalent mechanically bonded structures. Being mixtures of monolithic metals and composite materials, FMLs belong to the class of heterogeneous mixtures. Examples of FMLs include aramid fibers, GLARE, and basalt aluminum infusion (B.Al.i).

text:
# Fiber metal laminate

**Fiber metal laminate** (**FML**) is one of a class of metallic materials consisting of a laminate of several thin metal layers bonded with layers of composite material. This allows the material to behave much as a simple metal structure, but with considerable specific advantages regarding properties such as metal fatigue, impact, corrosion resistance, fire resistance, weight savings, and specialized strength properties.

During the past decades, increasing demand in aircraft industry for high-performance, lightweight structures have stimulated a strong trend towards the development of refined models for fiber metal laminates (FMLs). Fiber metal laminates are hybrid composite materials built up from interlacing layers of thin metals and fiber reinforced adhesives. The most well known FMLs are:

* ARALL (aramid reinforced aluminum laminate), based on aramid fibers
* GLARE (glass reinforced aluminum laminate), based on high-strength glass fibers
* CentrAl, which surrounds a GLARE core with thicker layers of aluminum
* CARALL (carbon reinforced aluminum laminate), based on carbon fibers

Taking advantage of the hybrid nature from their two key constituents: metals (mostly aluminum) and fiber-reinforced laminate, these composites offer several advantages such as better damage tolerance to fatigue crack growth and impact damage especially for aircraft applications. Metallic layers and fiber reinforced laminate can be bonded by classical techniques, i.e. mechanically and adhesively. Adhesively bonded FMLs have been shown to be far more fatigue resistant than equivalent mechanically bonded structures.

Being mixtures of monolithic metals and composite materials, FMLs belong to the class of heterogeneous mixtures.

Examples of FMLs include aramid fibers, GLARE, and basalt aluminum infusion (B.Al.i).


title: Botrodus estriatus

abstract: Botrodus estriatus is a species of beetles from the family Murmidiidae. The scientific name of this species was first published in 1890 by Casey.

text:
# Botrodus estriatus

***Botrodus estriatus*** is a species of beetles from the family Murmidiidae. The scientific name of this species was first published in 1890 by Casey.

## InfoBox

| *Botrodus estriatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Murmidiidae |
| Genus: | *Botrodus* |
| Species: | ***B. estriatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Botrodus estriatus***<br>(Casey, 1890) | |
|


title: Buster Adams

abstract: Elvin Clark "Buster" Adams was an American major league outfielder for the St. Louis Cardinals and Philadelphia Phillies in 1939 and between 1943 and 1947.

text:
# Buster Adams

**Elvin Clark "Buster" Adams** (June 24, 1915  September 1, 1990) was an American major league outfielder for the St. Louis Cardinals and Philadelphia Phillies in 1939 and between 1943 and 1947.

## Early life

Adams was born in 1915 in Trinidad, Colorado. He graduated from Bisbee High School in Bisbee, Arizona, in 1935. He spent a year playing in the Western Association before moving to the Pacific Coast League (PCL) for the 1936 season.

## Early professional career

In 1936, Adams began playing for the Sacramento Solons of the PCL; he played in the PCL off-and-on for the next 16 seasons. When Adams broke his leg during the 1936 season, he had been leading the PCL in stolen bases, but he missed much of the season with that injury. Adams was in spring training with the St. Louis Cardinals in March 1939 when his jaw was fractured after he was struck with a thrown ball. He still made his major league debut on April 27, 1939 for the Cardinals, but appeared in only two games that season. He was cut in early May.

In May 1941, Alan Ward of the *Oakland Tribune* wrote that Adams had been playing with a stomach illness for a couple of seasons. He was hitting .423 for the Sacramento Solons at the time. Adams finished the season with a .285 batting average in 1941 and then hit .309 the next season.

## Later career

Adams returned to the majors with the Cardinals in 1943, playing in eight games before being traded to the Phillies. He played the rest of that season, all of 1944, and the first 14 games of 1945 with the Phillies. Though Adams had been able to play through his stomach ailment, the illness rendered him ineligible to serve in the military in 1944.

In May 1945, Adams was traded back to the Cardinals for John Antonelli and Glenn Crawford. Adams played mostly in center field; a slot had opened up in the outfield because Stan Musial was serving in the military. Adams put together his best season with the Cardinals in 1945 and finished 18th in voting for the MVP Award. He finished the season with 109 runs batted in; his 101 RBI with the Cardinals was a record for a Cardinals center fielder until 1987.

Adams also played in 1946 with the Cardinals and 1947 with the Phillies. He returned to the PCL after that and played until 1951.

In 576 major league games over six seasons, Adams posted a .266 batting average (532-for-2003) with 282 runs, 96 doubles, 12 triples, 50 home runs, 249 RBI and 234 bases on balls. He recorded a .979 fielding percentage playing at all three outfield positions.

## Later life

Adams died of congestive heart failure in Rancho Mirage, California, in 1990.

## InfoBox

| Buster Adams | |
| --- | --- |
| Adams sliding into home plate during a game on April 9, 1950. | |
| **Outfielder** | |
| **Born:** (1915-06-24)June 24, 1915
Trinidad, Colorado, U.S. | |
| **Died:** September 1, 1990(1990-09-01) (aged 75)
Rancho Mirage, California, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| April 27, 1939, for the St. Louis Cardinals | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| September 21, 1947, for the Philadelphia Phillies | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .266 |
| Home runs | 50 |
| Runs batted in | 249 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Södertuna

abstract: Södertuna is a medieval castle located on a small island in Lake Frösjön in Gnesta Municipality, Sweden. It dates to the 14th century and is now a luxury hotel and conference center. The main building is of medieval origin, but was updated during the 17th century and the late 18th century. The last major renovation was in 1892. It has belonged to members of several families: Sparre, Lovisin, Palmenfelt, Ehrensvard, Wachtmeister, Adelborg, and von Eckermann. The castle and the park were split off in 1985 by the von Eckermann family. The new owners, together with an additional couple of Norwegian investors, made the palace into a hotel and conference center, which was inaugurated in 1986 by Princess Christina. In 2007 the castle was sold to the Åström family, which also operates Dufweholms Manor Inn and Gripsholm.

text:
# Södertuna

**Södertuna** (Swedish pronunciation: \[sœdɛˈʈʉ̂ːna\]) is a medieval castle located on a small island in Lake Frösjön in Gnesta Municipality, Sweden. It dates to the 14th century and is now a luxury hotel and conference center. The main building is of medieval origin, but was updated during the 17th century and the late 18th century. The last major renovation was in 1892.

It has belonged to members of several families: Sparre, Lovisin, Palmenfelt, Ehrensvard, Wachtmeister, Adelborg, and von Eckermann.

The castle and the park were split off in 1985 by the von Eckermann family. The new owners, together with an additional couple of Norwegian investors, made the palace into a hotel and conference center, which was inaugurated in 1986 by Princess Christina. In 2007 the castle was sold to the Åström family, which also operates Dufweholms Manor Inn and Gripsholm.

## InfoBox

| Södertuna | |
| --- | --- |
| Gnesta Municipality, Södermanland County, Sweden | |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 59°04′06″N 17°18′18″E / 59.06833°N 17.30500°E / 59.06833; 17.30500 |
| Type | Castle |


title: Kono Machi

abstract: "Kono Machi" is a song by Japanese singer/songwriter Chisato Moritaka, from her 1990 studio album Kokon Tozai. The lyrics were written by Moritaka and the music was composed by Hideo Saitō. The "Home Version" of the song was released as the double A-side of Moritaka's 1991 single "Benkyō no Uta". The song was used in a Glico Pocky commercial featuring Moritaka.

text:
# Kono Machi

"**Kono Machi**" (この街, lit. "This Town") is a song by Japanese singer/songwriter Chisato Moritaka, from her 1990 studio album *Kokon Tozai*. The lyrics were written by Moritaka and the music was composed by Hideo Saitō. The "Home Version" of the song was released as the double A-side of Moritaka's 1991 single "Benkyō no Uta". The song was used in a Glico Pocky commercial featuring Moritaka.

## Background

Moritaka wrote the song as an homage to her home town of Kumamoto; hence the use of the Kumamoto dialect in the lyrics. The song mentions the Tomari River (泊川, *Tomarikawa*), which is not in the Kumamoto Prefecture. During her 1998 *Sava Sava* tour, Moritaka explained that Tomari River is a reference to Tomari, Hokkaido, the hometown of songwriter and collaborator Yuichi Takahashi.

The song introduced the "Kono Machi wave", with Moritaka directing the audience to raise their right arms in a clockwise motion with their index fingers pointing upwards before waving them left to right. During the Kumamoto show of the *Kono Machi Tour 2019*, Kumamon made a guest appearance to do the "Kono Machi wave" with the crowd.

## Other versions

Aside from the album and Home Version mixes, a third version was included in the 1991 remix album *The Moritaka*.

Moritaka re-recorded the song and uploaded the video on her YouTube channel on November 1, 2013. This version is also included in Moritaka's 2014 self-covers DVD album *Love Vol. 6*.

## Cute version

| "Kono Machi" | |
| --- | --- |
| Regular Edition cover | |
| Single by Cute | |
| from the album  *8 Queen of J-pop* | |
| Language | Japanese |
| English title | This Town |
| B-side | * "Kono Machi (Dance Groove Ver.)" (Regular) * "Ame" (Limited A, B) * "Hae Otoko" (Limited C, D) |
| Released | February 6, 2013 (2013-02-06) (Japan) |
| Recorded | 2013 |
| Genre | J-pop |
| Label | Zetima |
| Composer(s) | Hideo Saitō |
| Lyricist(s) | Chisato Moritaka |
| Producer(s) | Tsunku |
| Cute singles chronology | |
| "Aitai Aitai Aitai na"
(2012) "**Kono Machi**"
(2013) "Crazy Kanzen na Otona"
(2013) | |
|  | |
| Music videos | |
| "Kono Machi" on YouTube | |
| "Maimi Yajima (Cute) "Ame" (Close-up Ver.)" on YouTube | |
|  | |

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Billboard Japan* | Favorable |

The Japanese female idol group Cute released their cover of "Kono Machi" as their 20th major single on February 6, 2013.

### Background

The single was released in five versions: Regular Edition and Limited Editions A, B, C, and D. The Regular Edition and the limited edition B and D are CD-only. The limited editions A and C include a DVD and feature covers of other Moritaka songs. All the limited editions were shipped sealed and included a serial-numbered entry card for the lottery to win a ticket to one of the single's launch events.

### Track listing

All lyrics are written by Chisato Moritaka.

#### Regular Edition

All music is composed by Hideo Saitō

CD
| No. | Title | Arrangement | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Kono Machi" ((この街, "This Town")) | Shōichirō Hirata | 5:14 |
| 2. | "Kono Machi (Dance Groove Ver.)" (この街（Dance Groove Ver.）) | Hirata | 3:53 |
| 3. | "Kono Machi (Instrumental)" (この街（Instrumental）) | Hirata |  |

#### Limited Editions A, B

All music is composed by Hideo Saitō, except where indicated

CD
| No. | Title | Music | Arrangement | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Kono Machi" (この街) | Saitō | Hirata |  |
| 2. | "Ame" ((, "Rain") (Vocals: Maimi Yajima)) | Seiji Matsuura | Yūsuke Itagaki |  |
| 3. | "Kono Machi (Instrumental)" (この街（Instrumental）) |  |  |  |

Limited Edition A DVD
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Kono Machi (Another Ver.)" (この街（Another Edition）) |  |
| 2. | "Kono Machi (Close-up Ver.)" (この街（Close-up Ver.）) |  |

#### Limited Editions C, D

All music is composed by Hideo Saitō, except where indicated

CD
| No. | Title | Music | Arrangement | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Kono Machi" (この街) |  |  |  |
| 2. | "Hae Otoko" ((ハエ男, "Fly Man")) | Chisato Moritaka | Yoshimasa Fujisawa |  |
| 3. | "Kono Machi (Instrumental)" (この街（Instrumental）) |  |  |  |

Limited Edition C DVD
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Kono Machi (Another Ver.)" (この街（Another Edition）) |  |
| 2. | "Kono Machi (5shot Ver.)" (この街（5shot Ver.）) |  |

#### Bonus

Sealed into all the limited editions:

* Event ticket lottery card with a serial number

### Charts

| Chart (2013) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Oricon Daily Singles Chart | 3 |
| Oricon Weekly Singles Chart\* | 4 |
| Oricon Monthly Singles Chart | 17 |
| *Billboard Japan* Hot 100 | 12 |
| *Billboard Japan* Hot 100 Airplay | 98 |
| *Billboard Japan* Hot Singles Sales | 4 |

* First week sales according to Oricon: 24,361 copies

Chisato Moritaka Cute

## InfoBox

| "Kono Machi" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by Chisato Moritaka | |
| from the album  *Kokon Tozai* | |
| Language | Japanese |
| English title | This Town |
| Released | October 17, 1990 (1990-10-17) |
| Recorded | 1990 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 4:35 |
| Label | Warner Pioneer |
| Composer(s) | Hideo Saitō |
| Lyricist(s) | Chisato Moritaka |
| Producer(s) | Yukio Seto |
|  | |
| Music videos | |
| "Kono Machi" (Home Mix) on YouTube | |
|  | |


abstract: The Canonesses Regular of the Holy Sepulchre (CRSS), or Sepulchrine Canonesses, are a Catholic female religious order first documented in 1300. They were originally the female branch of the ancient religious order of that name, the Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre. The canonesses follow the Rule of St. Augustine. The traditional habit was black and, when in church, over the tunic the choir sisters would wear a white, sleeveless, linen rochet, on the left side of which was embroidered a red, double-barred cross. Where still used, a black veil is worn by the professed, and a white one by novices and lay sisters; the later category, however, was abolished among religious orders by order of the Holy See in the 20th century.

text:
# Canonesses Regular of the Holy Sepulchre

The **Canonesses Regular of the Holy Sepulchre** (**CRSS**), or *Sepulchrine Canonesses*, are a Catholic female religious order first documented in 1300. They were originally the female branch of the ancient religious order of that name, the Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre. The canonesses follow the Rule of St. Augustine.

The traditional habit was black and, when in church, over the tunic the choir sisters would wear a white, sleeveless, linen rochet, on the left side of which was embroidered a red, double-barred cross. Where still used, a black veil is worn by the professed, and a white one by novices and lay sisters; the later category, however, was abolished among religious orders by order of the Holy See in the 20th century.

## History

Concerning the foundation, there is a tradition connecting the way of life of the canonesses with James the Great, and depicting Helena, the mother of Constantine the Great, as being given the religious habit of a canoness by Macarius, Bishop of Jerusalem. It was he who accompanied the Empress in her search for the True Cross. The Order of the Holy Sepulchre adopted the rule of St Augustine in 1114.

### Spain

The earliest historical date on record is 1300, the year in which the monastery was founded in the province of Teruel by the Marquise, Doña Gil de Rada. In 1306 the community was incorporated as part of the female branch of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, a military Order founded in Jerusalem. The Prior General of the Knights confirmed the prioress as Religious Superior of the community. The Spanish canonesses still live in their ancient monastery in Zaragoza, built in the Mudéjar style when they moved there later in the 14th century.

### France

The foundation of a house at Charleville in 1622 by the Marquise Claudine de Mouy, widow of Henri de Lorraine, the Count of Chaligny (1570–1600), was the catalyst for a great revival of the Order. New constitutions, drawn up by a Jesuit and approved by Pope Urban VIII in 1631, bound the canonesses to the recitation of the Divine Office, rigorous fasts, the use of the discipline, and a strict interpretation of the rule of poverty. Twelve was established as the minimum number of professed canonesses necessary for the canonical election of a prioress. All the monasteries of the Order in that country were swept away by the French Revolution, and the canonesses have not returned.

### Belgium

#### Priory of Sion, Bilzen

The Priory of Sion in Bilzen was founded in 1634 as a daughter house of the Monastery of the Holy Sepulcher in Hasselt. Mother Helena d'Enckevoert, Prioress of the house in Maastricht and St. Agathe in Liège, established the community. A school for poor girls was also established at Sion, which remained in operation until the monastery was closed in 1798 by the armies of the First French Republic during their occupation of the Low Countries. The 20 sisters were expelled and they retreated to the béguinage in Hasselt or to their families. In 1837, two surviving canonesses of that community were able to re-acquire the monastery and resume monastic life there, along with two survivors of the other two communities. They then resumed their educational work, and the School of the Holy Sepulcher continues to operate today. The survivors were able to save a large part of the monastery archives, which remains a priceless source for the history of the Order and pre-Revolutionary Catholic life in Belgium.

In 1972, the canonesses acquired the grounds of the former Cistercian Abbey of Herkenrode, also in Belgium and also closed by French forces in 1798. They have built a new monastery and a retreat center there and are slowly renovating the surviving abbey buildings. The Church of the Risen Lord was built in 1982, and now serves the canonesses and their guests.

#### Jerusalem Priory, Turnhout

Canonesses of the Holy Sepulchre of Hasselt, who were sent to devote themselves to religious education and teaching of girls in schools and later on also in boarding schools in Turnhout, founded the Jerusalem Priory in 1662. Closed during the French Revolution in 1798, the Priory opened again in 1826 and was established in Patersstraat in Turnhout. Daughter houses were founded and in 1928 sisters left Belgium for the Congo as missionaries. They assisted in the development of the African Community of Bukavu which was included in the Association as an independent Priory in 1984.

#### St. Trudo Abbey, Male

St. Trudo Abbey was originally established as a 'double' convent (men/women) of the Ten Eeckhoute abbey in Bruges. In 1248 the Community of sisters became independent and later joined the Congregation of Saint-Victor, living for more than 400 years within the tradition of Windesheim. The abbey was affiliated with the Canons of the Lateran from 1796 until 1952 when they were admitted into the Order of the Holy Sepulchre. Since 1954 they have resided in the former castle of the counts of Flanders in Male.

### England

In 1480 Jan van Abroek, himself a Canon of the Holy Sepulchre, established a convent at Kinrooi, near Maaseik on the Meuse for his sister Meyntz, and two Augustinian nuns from Roermond. There they started a school for girls. Later, the canonesses established the Convent des Bons Enfans, one of four such convents at Liège, Belgium. The convent of St. Walburge's at Liège established a convent at Tongeren in the early half of the seventeenth century.

Dame Susan Hawley (Mother Mary of the Conception) was the foundress of the surviving English branch of the canonesses (born at New Brentford, Middlesex, 1622; died at Liège, 1706), having been professed at Tongeren. In 1642 she left with four other women for Liège, to establish a monastery there for English women. By 1656 there was a sufficient number of professed canonesses that a canonical election could be held, in which she was elected prioress; she ruled with rare prudence until her resignation in 1697. The community was able to provide an education for the daughters of Catholic families under the Penal Laws.

The school, opened under Dame Mary Christina Dennett who was prioress from 1770 to 1781, proved so successful that, during the occupation of the Lowlands by the French, the English canonesses had great difficulty in securing permission to leave the city.

After three months at their monastery in Maastricht, they passed down the Meuse on a coal barge and made their way to England (August, 1794), where they were sheltered by Lord Stourton (a member of an old Catholic aristocratic family) in Holme Hall, on Spaulding Moor, moved thence to Dean House (Wilts), and in 1798 finally took possession of New Hall, near Chelmsford (Essex). They opened a free school for the poor children of the neighborhood and it is now a private boarding school. The community resided at New Hall until 2005, when it moved to an estate in Chelmsford. New Hall remains home to a Catholic boarding school.

### Today

As of A.D. 2011, there were monasteries of the Order in Belgium, Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, England, the Netherlands and Spain. The majority of the communities have ceased to wear a traditional religious habit, but their identifying insignia remains the double-barred Cross of the Order.

## Sources

* Max Heimbucher, *Orden und Kongregationen* (Paderborn, 1908)
* Francesca M. Steele, *Convents of Great Britain* (St. Louis, 1902)
* Hippolyte Hélyot, *Dict. des ordres relig.* (Paris, 1859)
* Joseph Gillow, *Bibl. Dict. Eng. Cath.*, s. v. Hawley, Susan.

## InfoBox

Canonesses Regular of the Holy Sepulchre
|
|  |
| Abbreviation | CRSS |
| Formation | c. AD 1114 (1114) |
| Type | Catholic religious order |
| Website | www.canonesses.co.uk |


title: Raffetot

abstract: Raffetot is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.

text:
# Raffetot

**Raffetot** (French pronunciation: \[ʁafto\]) is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.

## Geography

A farming village in the Pays de Caux, situated some 21 miles (34 km) northeast of Le Havre, sandwiched between the D30 road and the A29 autoroute.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 399 |  |
| 1975 | 373 | −0.96% |
| 1982 | 427 | +1.95% |
| 1990 | 467 | +1.13% |
| 1999 | 475 | +0.19% |
| 2007 | 457 | −0.48% |
| 2012 | 498 | +1.73% |
| 2017 | 503 | +0.20% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## Places of interest

* The church of St. Anne, dating from the thirteenth century.

## InfoBox

| Raffetot | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall in Raffetot | |
| Location of Raffetot | |
| RaffetotRaffetot | |
| Coordinates: 49°36′03″N 0°30′55″E / 49.6008°N 0.5153°E / 49.6008; 0.5153 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Normandy |
| Department | Seine-Maritime |
| Arrondissement | Le Havre |
| Canton | Bolbec |
| Intercommunality | Caux Seine Agglo |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Bruno Cadiou |
| Area**1** | 6.85 km2 (2.64 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 498 |
| Density | 73/km2 (190/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 76518 /76210 |
| Elevation | 127–144 m (417–472 ft)
(avg. 136 m or 446 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Sandor Earl

abstract: Sandor Earl is a former New Zealand Māori international rugby league footballer who played on the wing for the Sydney Roosters, Penrith Panthers, Canberra Raiders and the Melbourne Storm in the National Rugby League (NRL). He was banned for four years for a doping violation in 2013.

text:
# Sandor Earl

**Sandor Earl** (/ˈɜːrl/; born 21 September 1989) is a former New Zealand Māori international rugby league footballer who played on the wing for the Sydney Roosters, Penrith Panthers, Canberra Raiders and the Melbourne Storm in the National Rugby League (NRL). He was banned for four years for a doping violation in 2013.

## Early life

Earl was born in Wellington, New Zealand and is of Hungarian, Māori and English descent. He was raised in Sydney's eastern suburbs.

Earl played for the Paddington-Woollahra Tigers in the Sydney Roosters' junior district. Sandor as a junior also played for Fairfield Patrician Brothers and Hills District Bulls in the Parramatta Eels Junior District.

Earl was educated at the famous Rugby League nursery St Gregory's College, Campbelltown, New South Wales from year 7-11 before injuring his knee and undergoing a knee reconstruction. After recovering from the operation, Earl changed to Matraville Sports High School in 2007 where he was a member of the Arrive Alive Cup winning team, scoring a try in the final against Patrician Brothers Blacktown.

## Playing career

### Sydney Roosters

Earl subsequently entered the NRL for the Sydney Roosters, making his debut in round 16 of the 2009 NRL season against Cronulla-Sutherland. However, the Roosters let him go at the end of the season, after he and teammate Jake Friend were charged with assault (for which he was found not guilty) on 20 July, for *"sustained concussion, bruising to face, pain to neck and back"*, the victim being 31-year-old Queensland woman believed to be Kristy Bradley, the niece of ABC rugby league radio commentator David Morrow.

### Penrith Panthers

The following season, he signed for the Penrith Panthers and was named the club's top rookie player. His 2010 season was capped by scoring a spectacular try in the finals against the Canberra Raiders, cartwheeling towards the try line and planting the ball over it while his body was suspended over the sideline. However, Penrith lost the match and were knocked out of the finals the following week, losing to Earl's old club, the Sydney Roosters.

Earl played for Penrith's feeder club the Windsor Wolves in the New South Wales Cup Grand Final which they lost to Canterbury-Bankstown.

In 2011, Earl played few games before being ruled out for the season with a shoulder injury. There was then talk that he had signed a contract with the Melbourne Storm. This was later proved false and that he had resigned with the Penrith club for two years.

### Canberra Raiders

As of June, 2012 Earl has been released by Penrith to join the Canberra Raiders. In October, 2012 Earl signed to stay with the Canberra club until the end of 2013. On 29 August 2013, Earl was removed from the NRL competition and the Canberra Raiders after he was issued with an infraction notice for the use and trafficking of drugs to which he has admitted to and assisted the Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority with their investigation.

### Melbourne Storm

On 24 October 2017, it was announced Earl had signed a one-year deal to return to rugby league with the Melbourne Storm after completing his four-year drug ban. On 16 January 2019 Melbourne Storm announced that Earl had signed a two-year Deal with the club. On 22 November 2017, it was revealed that Earl had suffered a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) knee injury at pre-season training with Melbourne, which ruled him out for the entire 2018 NRL season.

After over two thousand days since his last first grade NRL game. Earl made his Melbourne Storm debut in the 2019 NRL season round 5 clash against North Queensland. He had his Melbourne Storm jersey (cap 194) presented to him by Melbourne Storm coach Craig Bellamy.

On 4 December 2020, Earl announced his immediate retirement from the NRL.

## Representative career

In 2010 he was named in the New Zealand Māori team that played against England.

## Outside rugby league

In 2008, Earl was featured in the "Gods" calendar as a fund raising activity for the breast cancer charity alongside other sportsman of Australia.

In 2024, Earl appeared as "Phoenix" in *Gladiators* on Channel 10.

## Personal life

Earl is currently living in Melbourne, Australia and is Director of Performance at Air Locker Training.

## Doping investigation

On 29 August 2013, Earl was stood down from the NRL competition after he was issued with an infraction notice for the use and trafficking of the performance-enhancing drug CJC-1295, a synthetic growth hormone analogue. He admitted the charges and assisted ASADA with their investigation. On 2 June 2014, Sandor's charges of the use of peptides were dropped by ASADA. 18 days after ASADA dropped the charges he won an injunction against the anti-doping investigation, delaying the NRL doping hearing. Earl and his lawyer, Tim Unsworth, fought against the NRL and ASADA. Earl's hearing at the NRL's anti-doping tribunal was postponed in July 2014.

In October 2015, the NRL announced that the Australian Anti-Doping Tribunal had handed Earl a 4-year ban for the following anti-doping rule violations; use of CJC-1295 (eight violations), possession of CJC-1295, trafficking in somatropin, trafficking in clenbuterol, attempted trafficking in SARMS and attempted trafficking in testosterone. The ban was set to run from the date when Earl was provisionally suspended, 29 August 2013, and to end 29 August 2017.

## InfoBox

Sandor Earl
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1989-09-21) 21 September 1989<br>Wellington, New Zealand |
| Playing information | |
| Height | 190 cm (6 ft 3 in) |
| Weight | 99 kg (15 st 8 lb) |
| Position | Wing |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  2009 Sydney Roosters 3 0 0 0 0  2010–12 Penrith Panthers 16 6 0 0 24  2012–13 Canberra Raiders 29 17 0 0 68  2018–20 Melbourne Storm 8 3 0 0 12  Total 56 26 0 0 104  Representative  Years Team Pld T G FG P  2010 New Zealand Māori 1 0 0 0 0 | |
| Source: | |


title: Strontium perchlorate

abstract: Strontium perchlorate is a white powder or colorless crystals with the formula Sr(ClO4)2. It is a strong oxidizer which gives red flames. It can be used in pyrotechnics; however, usually the more common strontium nitrate is used. It is also used in Liquid Injection Thrust Vector Control (LITVC) in solid-propellant rockets to enable steering control with a simple fixed nozzle. It can be prepared by oxidizing strontium chlorate with hypochlorites. Strontium perchlorate forms a crystal structure in the orthorhombic space group Pbca which is comparable to that of calcium perchlorate.

text:
# Strontium perchlorate

**Strontium perchlorate** is a white powder or colorless crystals with the formula Sr(ClO4)2.

It is a strong oxidizer which gives red flames. It can be used in pyrotechnics; however, usually the more common strontium nitrate is used. It is also used in Liquid Injection Thrust Vector Control (LITVC) in solid-propellant rockets to enable steering control with a simple fixed nozzle.

It can be prepared by oxidizing strontium chlorate with hypochlorites.

Strontium perchlorate forms a crystal structure in the orthorhombic space group *Pbca* which is comparable to that of calcium perchlorate.

## InfoBox

Strontium perchlorate
| Names | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names Strontium(II) perchlorate; Strontium diperchlorate | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.033.272 |
| EC Number | * 236-614-2 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/2ClHO4.Sr/c2\*2-1(3,4)5;/h2\*(H,2,3,4,5);/q;;+2/p-2Key: MXRFIUHRIOLIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-L | |
| SMILES * \[O-\]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.\[O-\]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.\[Sr+2\] | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | Sr(ClO4)2 |
| Molar mass | 286.51 g/mol |
| Appearance | White powder or colorless crystals |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Endoxyla bipustulata

abstract: Endoxyla bipustulata is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland and South Australia.

text:
# Endoxyla bipustulata

***Endoxyla bipustulata*** is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland and South Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Endoxyla bipustulata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Cossidae |
| Genus: | *Endoxyla* |
| Species: | ***E. bipustulata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Endoxyla bipustulata***<br>(Walker, 1865) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cossus bipustulatus* Walker, 1865 * *Xyleutes pycnosticta* Turner, 1945 | |


title: Fiber functor

abstract: Fiber functors in category theory, topology and algebraic geometry refer to several loosely related functors that generalise the functors taking a covering space π : X → S to the fiber π − 1 over a point s ∈ S.

text:
# Fiber functor

**Fiber functors** in category theory, topology and algebraic geometry refer to several loosely related functors that generalise the functors taking a covering space $\pi \colon X\rightarrow S$ to the *fiber* $\pi ^{-1}(s)$ over a point $s\in S$.

## Definition

A **fiber functor** (or **fibre functor**) is a loose concept which has multiple definitions depending on the formalism considered. One of the main initial motivations for fiber functors comes from Topos theory. Recall a topos is the category of sheaves over a site. If a site is just a single object, as with a point, then the topos of the point is equivalent to the category of sets, $\mathfrak {Set}$. If we have the topos of sheaves on a topological space $X$, denoted $\mathfrak {T}(X)$, then to give a point $a$ in $X$ is equivalent to defining adjoint functors

> $a^{\*}:{\mathfrak {T}(X)\leftrightarrows {\mathfrak {Set}:a\_{\*}}}$

The functor $a^{\*}$ sends a sheaf $\mathfrak {F}$ on $X$ to its fiber over the point $a$; that is, its stalk.

### From covering spaces

Consider the category of covering spaces over a topological space $X$, denoted $\mathfrak {Cov}(X)$. Then, from a point $x\in X$ there is a fiber functor

> $\text{Fib}\_{x}:{\mathfrak {Cov}(X)\to {\mathfrak {Set}}}$

sending a covering space $\pi :Y\to X$ to the fiber $\pi ^{-1}(x)$. This functor has automorphisms coming from $\pi \_{1}(X,x)$ since the fundamental group acts on covering spaces on a topological space $X$. In particular, it acts on the set $\pi ^{-1}(x)\subset Y$. In fact, the only automorphisms of $\text{Fib}\_{x}$ come from $\pi \_{1}(X,x)$.

#### With étale topologies

There is an algebraic analogue of covering spaces coming from the étale topology on a connected scheme $S$. The underlying site consists of finite étale covers, which are finite flat surjective morphisms $X\to S$ such that the fiber over every geometric point $s\in S$ is the spectrum of a finite étale $\kappa (s)$-algebra. For a fixed geometric point $\overline {s}:{\text{Spec}(\Omega )\to S}$, consider the geometric fiber $X\times \_{S}{\text{Spec}(\Omega )}$ and let $\text{Fib}\_{\overline {s}(X)}$ be the underlying set of $\Omega $-points. Then,

> $\text{Fib}\_{\overline {s}:{\mathfrak {Fet}\_{S}\to {\mathfrak {Sets}}}}$

is a fiber functor where $\mathfrak {Fet}\_{S}$ is the topos from the finite étale topology on $S$. In fact, it is a theorem of Grothendieck the automorphisms of $\text{Fib}\_{\overline {s}}$ form a profinite group, denoted $\pi \_{1}(S,{\overline {s})}$, and induce a continuous group action on these finite fiber sets, giving an equivalence between covers and the finite sets with such actions.

### From Tannakian categories

Another class of fiber functors come from cohomological realizations of motives in algebraic geometry. For example, the De Rham cohomology functor $H\_{dR}$ sends a motive $M(X)$ to its underlying de-Rham cohomology groups $H\_{dR}^{\*}(X)$.


title: Roztopczyn

abstract: Roztopczyn is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Cewice, within Lębork County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

text:
# Roztopczyn

**Roztopczyn** \[rɔsˈtɔpt͡ʂɨn\] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Cewice, within Lębork County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

## InfoBox

| Roztopczyn | |
| --- | --- |
| Settlement | |
| Roztopczyn | |
| Coordinates: 54°27′35″N 17°42′50″E / 54.45972°N 17.71389°E / 54.45972; 17.71389 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Pomeranian |
| County | Lębork |
| Gmina | Cewice |


title: Synanthedon pyrethra

abstract: Synanthedon pyrethra is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is known from South Africa.

text:
# Synanthedon pyrethra

***Synanthedon pyrethra*** is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is known from South Africa.

## InfoBox

| *Synanthedon pyrethra* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Sesiidae |
| Genus: | *Synanthedon* |
| Species: | ***S. pyrethra*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Synanthedon pyrethra***<br>(Hampson, 1910) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Sciapteron pyrethra* Hampson, 1910 * *Alonina pyrethra* | |


title: Kono Mune o, Ai o Iyo

abstract: "Kono Mune o, Ai o Iyo" (この胸を、愛を射よ) is the twenty-eighth single by the Japanese Pop-rock band Porno Graffitti. It was released on September 9, 2009.

text:
# Kono Mune o, Ai o Iyo

"**Kono Mune o, Ai o Iyo**" (この胸を、愛を射よ) (English: This Chest, Shoot Love) is the twenty-eighth single by the Japanese Pop-rock band Porno Graffitti. It was released on September 9, 2009.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Kono Mune o, Ai o Iyo" (この胸を、愛を射よ) | 5:01 |
| 2. | "Diamond" (ダイヤモンド) | 4:37 |

## InfoBox

| "Kono Mune o, Ai o Iyo" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Porno Graffitti | |
| from the album  *Trigger* | |
| Released | September 9, 2009 |
| Genre | Pop-rock |
| Length | 9:38 |
| Label | SME Records |
| Porno Graffitti singles chronology | |
| "'Koyoi, Tsuki ga Miezutomo'"
(2008) "**Kono Mune o, Ai o Iyo**"
(2009) "'Anima Rossa'"
(2009) | |


title: Scott Partridge

abstract: Scott Malcolm Partridge is an English retired professional footballer who played as a forward in the Football League, most notably for Brentford. In a nomadic league career, he also played League football for Bristol City, Rushden & Diamonds, Torquay United, Cardiff City, Bradford City, Plymouth Argyle, Scarborough and Exeter City. He was described as "an immensely skilful little striker with a wonderful first touch", while "rarely getting the goals his contribution deserved".

text:
# Scott Partridge

**Scott Malcolm Partridge** (born 13 October 1974) is an English retired professional footballer who played as a forward in the Football League, most notably for Brentford. In a nomadic league career, he also played League football for Bristol City, Rushden & Diamonds, Torquay United, Cardiff City, Bradford City, Plymouth Argyle, Scarborough and Exeter City. He was described as "an immensely skilful little striker with a wonderful first touch", while "rarely getting the goals his contribution deserved".

## Career

### Early years

A forward, Partridge began his career in the youth system at Grimsby Town, before moving to Bradford City and signing his first professional contract in July 1992. He made just five first team substitute appearances for the Bantams, before moving to First Division club Bristol City on a free transfer on 18 February 1994. He made something of a breakthrough at Ashton Gate, making 66 appearances and scoring eight goals over the course of three seasons, but was forced to spend time away on loan during the 1995–96 season. Partridge joined Third Division club Cardiff City for a £50,000 fee in February 1997, but after 13 months in which he was mainly utilised as a winger, he departed Ninian Park in March 1998, having made 41 appearances and scored just two goals.

### Torquay United

On 26 March 1998, Partridge returned to Third Division club Torquay United (with whom he had previously had a loan spell during the 1995–96 season) on a free transfer. Despite failing to score in each of his five appearances at the end of the 1997–98 season, Partridge finally found his goalscoring touch during 1998–99, scoring 14 goals in 35 matches before departing Plainmoor in February 1999.

### Brentford

Partridge joined high-flying Third Division club Brentford for a £100,000 fee on 19 February 1999. Paired with Lloyd Owusu in attack, he showed excellent form in what remained of the 1998–99 season, scoring seven goals in 14 matches to help the Bees to the Third Division title after victory over the eventual runners-up Cambridge United on the final day. Back in the Second Division, Partridge scored four goals in an eight-match spell between late August and early September 1999, but scored just twice more to finish a mid-table season with 47 appearances and six goals.

Partridge began the 2000–01 season on the bench, but regained his starting place under caretaker manager Ray Lewington in December 2000. Paired again with Lloyd Owusu, he scored 9 goals between December and the end of the season, to finish with 47 appearances and 10 goals. The 2000–01 season was memorable for Brentford's run to the final of the Football League Trophy, though despite playing the full 90 minutes at the Millennium Stadium, the Bees were beaten 2–1 by Port Vale. New manager Steve Coppell's signing of forward Ben Burgess on loan in August 2001 heralded the beginning of the end of Partridge's time at Griffin Park and after two early 2001–02 season appearances, he departed the club in September 2001. During 2+12 seasons with Brentford, Partridge made 110 appearances and scored 23 goals.

### Rushden & Diamonds

Partridge dropped back down to the Third Division to join newly promoted Rushden & Diamonds on a free transfer on 14 September 2001. Aside from a spell of five goals in 12 matches between late October and late December 2001, Partridge failed to recapture any goalscoring form, but did help the team to the 2002 Third Division play-off final, which was lost 3–1 to Cheltenham Town.

Partridge was utilised almost exclusively as a substitute in the early months of the 2002–03 season, before being transfer-listed in December 2002. On 31 December 2002, Partridge joined Third Division club Exeter City on a one-month loan. He scored in each of his first two matches and made four appearances before his loan expired, despite attempts by manager Neil McNab to persuade him to stay. Partridge departed Rushden & Diamonds on 26 March 2003 and made 52 appearances and scored five goals for the club.

### Shrewsbury Town

On 27 March 2003, Partridge joined Third Division club Shrewsbury Town on a contract running until the end of the 2002–03 season. He made just four appearances before his contract expired.

### Non-League football

Weymouth player-manager Steve Claridge made Partridge his first signing of the 2003–04 season and he signed a three-year contract. He scored 11 goals in 30 appearances before being allowed to join Southern League Premier Division rivals Bath City on a free transfer on 9 January 2004. Partridge went on to have a successful 4+12-season spell at Twerton Park, with a pinnacle being the title-winning 2006–07 season, which secured promotion to the Conference South. After recovering from a neck injury, he played on until March 2008, before departing the club to look after his mother. Partridge joined Northern Premier League First Division South club Sheffield in 2008, but moved back up to the Conference South to join Weston-super-Mare on 31 December 2008 and made 9 appearances before retiring at the end of the 2008–09 season.

## Personal life

Partridge's father, Malcolm, was also a professional footballer. As of January 2004, he was living in Bristol.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | FA Cup | | League Cup | | Other | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Bradford City | Total | | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Bristol City | 1996–97 | Second Division | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |  | | 7 | 1 |
| | Total | | 57 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 66 | 8 |
| Torquay United (loan) | 1995–96 | Third Division | 5 | 2 |  | |  | |  | | 5 | 2 |
| Plymouth Argyle (loan) | 1995–96 | Third Division | 7 | 2 |  | |  | |  | | 7 | 2 |
| Scarborough (loan) | 1995–96 | Third Division | 7 | 0 |  | |  | |  | | 7 | 0 |
| Cardiff City | 1996–97 | Third Division | 14 | 0 |  | |  | |  | | 14 | 0 |
| | 1997–98 | Third Division | 23 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 2 |
| | Total | | 37 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 41 | 2 |
| Torquay United | 1997–98 | Third Division | 5 | 0 |  | |  | |  | | 5 | 0 |
| | 1998–99 | Third Division | 29 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 35 | 14 |
| | Total | | 39 | 14 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 45 | 16 |
| Brentford | 1998–99 | Third Division | 14 | 7 |  | |  | |  | | 14 | 7 |
| | 1999–00 | Second Division | 41 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 47 | 6 |
| | 2000–01 | Second Division | 37 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 47 | 10 |
| | 2001–02 | Second Division | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| | Total | | 93 | 21 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 110 | 23 |
| Rushden & Diamonds | 2001–02 | Third Division | 37 | 5 | 2 | 0 |  | | 4 | 0 | 43 | 5 |
| | 2002–03 | Third Division | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| | Total | | 43 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 52 | 5 |
| Exeter City (loan) | 2002–03 | Third Division | 4 | 2 |  | |  | |  | | 4 | 2 |
| Shrewsbury Town | 2002–03 | Third Division | 4 | 0 |  | |  | |  | | 4 | 0 |
| Weymouth | 2003–04 | Southern League Premier Division | 14 | 2 | 0 | 0 |  | | 0 | 0 | 14 | 2 |
| Bath City | 2003–04 | Southern League Premier Division | 12 | 16 |  | |  | | 0 | 0 | 12 | 16 |
| | 2004–05 | Southern League Premier Division | 27 | 9 | 0 | 0 |  | | 0 | 0 | 27 | 9 |
| | 2005–06 | Southern League Premier Division | 42 | 20 | 0 | 0 |  | | 1 | 0 | 43 | 10 |
| | 2006–07 | Southern League Premier Division | 30 | 17 | 0 | 0 |  | | 0 | 0 | 30 | 17 |
| | 2007–08 | Conference South | 27 | 2 | 0 | 0 |  | | 0 | 0 | 27 | 2 |
| | Total | | 138 | 68 | 0 | 0 |  | | 0 | 0 | 138 | 68 |
| Weston-super-Mare | 2008–09 | Conference South | 9 | 0 |  | |  | |  | | 9 | 0 |
| Career total | | | 452 | 123 | 14 | 1 | 19 | 1 | 15 | 3 | 500 | 128 |

1. Appearances in Football League Trophy
2. 3 appearances in Third Division play-offs, 1 appearance in Conference Shield
3. Appearance in Southern League Premier Division play-offs

## Honours

**Brentford**

**Rushden & Diamonds**

* Conference Shield: 2001

**Weymouth**

**Bath City**

**Individual**

## InfoBox

Scott Partridge
| Partridge playing for Bath City in 2007 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Scott Malcolm Partridge | | |
| Date of birth | (1974-10-13) 13 October 1974 | | |
| Place of birth | Leicester, England | | |
| Height | 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward, Winger | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Grimsby Town | | |
| 0000–1992 | Bradford City | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1992–1994 | Bradford City | 5 | (0) |
| 1994–1997 | Bristol City | 57 | (7) |
| 1995 | Torquay United (loan) | 5 | (2) |
| 1996 | Plymouth Argyle (loan) | 7 | (2) |
| 1996 | Scarborough (loan) | 7 | (0) |
| 1997–1998 | Cardiff City | 36 | (2) |
| 1998–1999 | Torquay United | 34 | (13) |
| 1999–2001 | Brentford | 93 | (21) |
| 2001–2003 | Rushden & Diamonds | 44 | (5) |
| 2003 | Exeter City (loan) | 4 | (2) |
| 2003 | Shrewsbury Town | 4 | (0) |
| 2003–2004 | Weymouth | 14 | (2) |
| 2004–2008 | Bath City | 138 | (68) |
| 2008 | Sheffield | 23 | (19) |
| 2008–2009 | Weston-super-Mare | 9 | (0) |
| Total |  | **480** | **(143)** |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Euborellia caraibea

abstract: Euborellia caraibea is a species of earwig in the family Anisolabididae.

text:
# Euborellia caraibea

***Euborellia caraibea*** is a species of earwig in the family Anisolabididae.

## InfoBox

| *Euborellia caraibea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Dermaptera |
| Family: | Anisolabididae |
| Genus: | *Euborellia* |
| Species: | ***E. caraibea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Euborellia caraibea***<br>Hebard, 1921 | |
|


title: Sandor Elès

abstract: József Sándor Éles, sometimes credited simply as Sándor Éles, was a Hungarian actor. He started his career in theatre, but was best known latterly for TV and film work.

text:
# Sandor Elès

**József Sándor Éles** (15 June 1936 – 10 September 2002), sometimes credited simply as **Sándor Éles**, was a Hungarian actor. He started his career in theatre, but was best known latterly for TV and film work.

## Early life

Born in Tatabánya, 60 km from Budapest, Éles was orphaned during World War II, and emigrated to Britain during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.

## Career

He began his acting career on stage, and went on to appear in a host of television roles, the majority on ITV. These included the ITC series *The Avengers*, *Danger Man*, *The Baron*, *The Saint*, *Timeslip* and *Jason King*.

He appeared as a storyteller on the BBC children's programme *Jackanory* in ten episodes between 1970 and 1972, and he also made appearances in *The Avengers*, *The Professionals*, *Strange Report* and *Upstairs, Downstairs*. Often cast in generic 'foreigner' roles (diplomats, waiters, desk clerks), he most often played Frenchmen. Éles became a British citizen on 10 January 1977.

One of his most memorable film roles was as the mysterious Paul in the Brian Clemens thriller *And Soon the Darkness* (1970). He also had major roles in the Hammer Horror movies *Countess Dracula* (1971) and *The Evil of Frankenstein* (1964) as well as appearing for four years in the 1980s as the scheming restaurant manager, Paul Ross, in the British TV soap opera *Crossroads*.

In 1996, Éles returned to his cultural roots, appearing as the narrator in the Bartók opera, *Bluebeard's Castle*. The concert performances, given by the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra under Bernard Haitink, were recorded for CD.

## Death

Éles died in Kilburn, London on 10 September 2002, aged 66, apparently from a heart attack.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1961 | *The Rebel* | Artist |  |
| 1961 | *The Naked Edge* | Manfridi St John |  |
| 1962 | *Guns of Darkness* | Lt. Gomez |  |
| 1964 | *French Dressing* | Vladek |  |
| 1964 | *The Evil of Frankenstein* | Hans |  |
| 1965 | *San Ferry Ann* | Shop Attendant |  |
| 1967 | *The Magnificent Two* | Armandez |  |
| 1970 | *The Kremlin Letter* | Lt. Grodin |  |
| 1970 | *And Soon the Darkness* | Paul |  |
| 1971 | *Countess Dracula* | Lt. Imre Toth |  |
| 1971 | *Fun and Games* | Paul Floret |  |
| 1973 | *Scorpio* | Malkin |  |
| 1975 | *Love and Death* | Soldier 2 |  |
| 1977 | *The Assignment* | Clerk |  |
| 1978 | *The Greek Tycoon* | Lawrence |  |
| 1991 | *Sherlock Holmes and the Leading Lady* | Maitre D' |  |
| 1996 | *Surviving Picasso* | Party Guest | (final film role) |

## InfoBox

| Sándor Éles | |
| --- | --- |
| Éles in an episode of *One Step Beyond* (1961) | |
| Born | Sándor József Éles
(1936-06-15)15 June 1936
Tatabánya, Hungary |
| Died | 10 September 2002(2002-09-10) (aged 66)
Kilburn, London, England |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 19581996 |


title: Endoxyla angasii

abstract: Endoxyla angasii is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from South Australia.

text:
# Endoxyla angasii

***Endoxyla angasii*** is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from South Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Endoxyla angasii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Cossidae |
| Genus: | *Endoxyla* |
| Species: | ***E. angasii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Endoxyla angasii***<br>Felder, 1874 | |
|


title: Fiber media converter

abstract: A fiber media converter is a simple networking device that makes it possible to connect two dissimilar media types such as twisted pair with fiber optic cabling. They were introduced to the industry in the 1990s, and are important in interconnecting fiber optic cabling-based systems with existing copper-based structured cabling systems. They are also used in metropolitan area network (MAN) access and data transport services to enterprise customers.

text:
# Fiber media converter

A **fiber media converter** is a simple networking device that makes it possible to connect two dissimilar media types such as twisted pair with fiber optic cabling. They were introduced to the industry in the 1990s, and are important in interconnecting fiber optic cabling-based systems with existing copper-based structured cabling systems. They are also used in metropolitan area network (MAN) access and data transport services to enterprise customers.

## Media conversion types

Fiber media converters support many different data communication protocols including Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, T1/E1/J1, DS3/E3, as well as multiple cabling types such as coax, twisted pair, multi-mode and single-mode fiber optics. Media converter types range from small standalone devices and PC card converters to high port-density chassis systems that offer many advanced features for network management.

On some devices, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) enables proactive management of link status, monitoring chassis environmental statistics and sending traps to network managers in the event of a fiber break or even link loss on the copper port.

Fiber media converters can connect different local area network (LAN) media, modifying duplex and speed settings. Switching media converters can connect different speed network segments. For example, existing half-duplex hubs can be connected to 100BASE-TX Fast Ethernet network segments over 100BASE-FX fiber.

When expanding the reach of the LAN to span multiple locations, media converters are useful in connecting multiple LANs to form one large campus area network that spans over a limited geographic area. As premises networks are primarily copper-based, media converters can extend the reach of the LAN over single-mode fiber up to 160 kilometers with 1550 nm optics.

Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technology in the LAN is especially beneficial in situations where fiber is in limited supply or expensive to provision. As well as conventional dual strand fiber converters, with separate receive and transmit ports, there are also single-strand fiber converters, which can extend full-duplex data transmission up to 120 kilometers over one optical fiber.

Other benefits of media conversion include providing a gradual migration path from copper to fiber. Fiber connections can greatly extend the reach and reduce electromagnetic interference.

Also fiber media converters pose as an alternative solution for switches not supporting fiber; ordinary switches can use fiber media converters to connect to a fiber network.

## Converter types

*Simple converters* – when the speed and duplex settings on both media is identical – consist of two pairs of transmitters/receivers, each with their medium-dependent interfaces (when no data recoding is necessary) or their media-independent interfaces joined together back-to-back in a dual-simplex fashion. They can transport either half-duplex or full-duplex traffic but both sides must match.

*Switching converters* contain a network bridge and can connect two half-duplex segments without joining their collision domains.

*Managed converters* are usually of the switching kind and can additionally be managed by a network connection or a local console. However, most often pluggable transceivers are used instead when appropriate equipment already exists.

* Spurgeon, Charles E., *Ethernet: The Definitive Guide*, Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly & Associates, 2000.
* *Residential Network Cabling*, New York, NY: R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company, 2002.
* *The Switching Book*, Xylan: An Alcatel Company, 1999.


title: Boto

abstract: Boto is a Portuguese name given to several types of dolphins and river dolphins native to the Amazon and the Orinoco River tributaries. A few botos exist exclusively in fresh water, and these are often considered primitive dolphins.

text:
# Boto

**Boto** is a Portuguese name given to several types of dolphins and river dolphins native to the Amazon and the Orinoco River tributaries. A few botos exist exclusively in fresh water, and these are often considered primitive dolphins.

## Classification

The botos are a paraphyletic group, defined largely by their evolutionary convergences.

The genus *Sotalia* is divided into two species. The costero (*S. guianensis*) is distributed in the Atlantic, from Florianópolis in Santa Catarina, Brazil, and northwards. The tucuxi (*S. fluviatilis*) lives in the rivers of the Amazon.

Burmeister's porpoise is marine and lives from Santa Catarina to the south.

The Amazon river dolphin (*Inia geoffrensis*) thrives in fresh water, is endemic to the Amazon basin, and is placed in the Endangered category of the IUCN.

The Araguaian river dolphin (*I. araguaiaensis*) is a newly identified species native to the Araguaia-Tocantins basin of Brazil.

The La Plata dolphin (*Pontoporia blainvillei*), another vulnerable Brazilian denizen, is a marine river dolphin that ranges from Espírito Santo, Brazil, to the south.

## Folklore

The "boto" of the Amazon River regions of northern Brazil are described according to local lore as taking the form of a human or merman, also known as *Boto cor-de-rosa* ("Pink Boto" in Portuguese) and with the habit of seducing human women and impregnating them.


title: Business continuance volume

abstract: In disk arrays, a business continuance volume (BCV) is EMC Corporation's term for an independently addressable copy of a data volume, that uses advanced mirroring technique for business continuity purposes.

text:
# Business continuance volume

In disk arrays, a **business continuance volume** (**BCV**) is EMC Corporation's term for an independently addressable copy of a data volume, that uses advanced mirroring technique for business continuity purposes.

## Use

BCVs can be detached from the active data storage at a point in time and mounted on non-critical servers to facilitate offline backup or parallel computing. Once offline processes are completed, these BCVs can be either:

* discarded
* used as a source to recover the production data
* re-attached (re-synchronized) to the production data again

## Types

There are two types of BCVs:

* A clone BCV is a traditional method, and uses one-to-one separate physical storage (splitable disk mirror)
    + least impact on production performance
    + high cost of the additional storage
    + persistent usage

* A snapshot BCV, that uses copy on write algorithm on the production volume
    + uses only a small additional storage, that only holds the changes made to the production volume
        - lower cost of the additional storage
        - reads and writes impact performance of production storage
    + once snapshot storage fills up, the snapshot becomes invalid and unusable
    + short-term usage


title: Szolnok (genus)

abstract: Szolnok (Zounuk) was the name of a gens in the Kingdom of Hungary. The founder of the clan was the 11th-century royal official Szolnok, about whom Szolnok County, becoming its first ispán, was named. Beside that region, his descendants acquired lands Nógrád, Fejér and Baranya counties too.

text:
# Szolnok (genus)

**Szolnok** (*Zounuk*) was the name of a *gens* (Latin for "clan"; *nemzetség* in Hungarian) in the Kingdom of Hungary. The founder of the clan was the 11th-century royal official Szolnok, about whom Szolnok County, becoming its first *ispán*, was named. Beside that region, his descendants acquired lands Nógrád, Fejér and Baranya counties too.

## History

### Origin

Szolnok was a member of the Hungarian elite during the reigns of Stephen I and Peter. László Bártfai Szabó assumed his Pecheneg origin. He was entrusted to build a castle (hillfort) at the confluence of the Tisza and Zagyva rivers, where he already possessed lands, which area was the crossroads of several trade routes (including salt from Transylvania). The castle, and consequently the emerging county and the town of Szolnok preserved his name to the present day. Szolnok was murdered during the Vata pagan uprising in 1046.

It is possible that his son was that Szolnok (II), was an advisor of Duke Géza in the early 1070s. He, along with Petrud and Bikács, betrayed his lord just before the Battle of Kemej in February 1074, where King Solomon's troops routed Géza's army. However, ultimately, Géza won a decisive victory at the Battle of Mogyoród in March 1074. His betrayal resulted that his offspring lost significant power and influence, which was never recovered.

### Possessions

By the middle of the 13th century, they possessed estates around Szolnok Castle, for instance, Szajol and Püspöki. According to historian György Györffy, they established the clan's monastery in Tenyő along the Tisza. A certain Gorgan from the kindred died without male descendants. Before his death, he bequeathed the estate Garábsáp near Nagyrév to the Dominican monastery of Pest. The Dominicans sold the estate to the Gyürki family in 1258, with the permission of Béla IV. It is possible that the Szentiványi, Tabajdi, Vanyarci, Szajoli, Mikebudai, Irsai, Nagyrévi, Vértesi, Sápi, Gyürki and Péteri families, which possessed portions in the surrounding lands, were all descended from the Szolnok clan.

In addition to Szolnok County, members of the kindred acquired lands in other parts of the Kingdom of Hungary. They possessed estates and portions in Pest County ((Mikebuda, Érkusbuda, Irsa, Alberti, Dánszentmiklós), Nógrád County (Bágyon), Fejér County (Szentpétervámája or Egyházasváma, Hidegkút) and Győr County (Gönyű). They established a coherent unit of their estates in the southern part of Nógrád County by the mid-13th century. Three families – 1, *comes* Pázmány and his brother Szolnok (I); 2, Tenyő and his cousins, Gotthard, Alexander and Pousa (I); 3, Paul (I), son of Gera – divided their village Bágyon among themselves in 1260. This data clearly shows that the genus had until now an extensive kinship, which led to the fragmentation of the lands and thus to the complete cessation of political influence.

In 1264, Paul (I) sold three quarters of his portion to Pázmány in 1264. Peter (I), the son of Szolnok (I) was already a sick man and without male offspring around 1272. With the permission of Stephen V, he bequeathed his estates Szederkény in Baranya County and Zamara in Valkó County (near Aljmaš, Croatia) to the Dominican nunnery of Rabbits' Island in 1272. Peter died around 1280, and Ladislaus IV confirmed his donations in 1281. Leustach, son of *comes* Pázmány handed over the daughters' quarter (portions in Bágyon and Szabolcs) to his sister Elizabeth in 1276, with the consent of his kinship – Paul (II), Peter (I), Tenyő and his son Peter (II), Gotthard and his sons, and Pousa (II).

The Bágyoni family descended from Gotthard, through two of his six sons. His daughter was Elizabeth, who was granted her daughters' quarter (portion in Bágyon) from her brothers, Andrew and Kemény, in 1283. Her husband Ivan, son of Csernete sold the estate to Paul Gutai, thus part of the village was no longer in the hands of the Szolnok kindred. Andrew and Dominic was still alive in 1309. They and their sons were forced to agree to the sale because they could not afford to litigate.

## Family tree

The clan's Nógrád County (Bágyon) branch, based on János Karácsonyi and Pál Engel:

* *N*
    + *comes* Pázmány (fl. 1260–1264)
        - Leustach (fl. 1276)
        - Paul II (fl. 1276)
        - Elizabeth (fl. 1276) ∞ Peter, son of Bulcs
        - Petka (or Paraskeva; fl. 1276)
    + Szolnok I (fl. 1260)
        - Peter I (fl. 1272–1276; d. before 1281)

* *N*
    + *N*
        - Tenyő (Tunev; fl. 1260–1276)
            * Peter II (fl. 1276)
    + *N*
        - Gotthard (fl. 1260–1276) --\> **Bágyoni** family
            * Kemény (fl. 1276–1283)
                + Peter III (fl. 1276)
            * Andrew I (fl. 1276–1309)
                + Simon I (fl. 1309)
                + James (fl. 1309)
                + Szolnok II (fl. 1309)
                    - Stephen (fl. 1372)
                + Felician (fl. 1309)
            * Nicholas (fl. 1276–1283)
            * Ladislaus (fl. 1276–1283)
            * Dominic (fl. 1283–1309)
                + Paul (fl. 1309)
                    - Simon II (fl. 1372)
                    - Thomas (fl. 1372)
            * Stephen (fl. 1276–1283)
            * Elizabeth (fl. 1283) ∞ Ivan, son of Csernete
        - Alexander (fl. 1260)
        - Pousa I (fl. 1260)

* Gera
    + Paul I (fl. 1260–1264)
        - Pousa II (fl. 1264–1276)

## Sources

* Bagi, Gábor (1992). "Megjegyzések Szolnok ispán történetéhez \[*Notes on the Story of Ispán Szolnok*\]". *Jászkunság* (in Hungarian). **38** (5). Verseghy Ferenc Megyei Könyvtár: 27–30. ISSN 0448-9144.
* Karácsonyi, János (1901). *A magyar nemzetségek a XIV. század közepéig. III. kötet* \[The Hungarian genera until the middle of the 14th century, Vol. 3\] (in Hungarian). Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
* Kertész, Róbert (2014). "Szolnok az Árpád-korban: tények és eredmények \[*Szolnok in the Age of Árpáds: Facts and Results*\]". *Archaeologia – Altum Castrum Online*. MNM Visegrádi Mátyás Király Múzeum: 2–7.

## InfoBox

| Genus (*gens*) Szolnok | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Kingdom of Hungary |
| Founded | 1030s |
| Founder | Szolnok |
| Cadet branches | House of Bágyoni |


title: Canalside station

abstract: Canalside station is a Buffalo Metro Rail station located in the 100 block of Main Street next to the South Aud Block of Canalside in the Free Fare Zone, which allows passengers free travel between this station and Fountain Plaza station. Passengers continuing past Fountain Plaza are required to provide proof-of-payment. Unless there are events occurring at KeyBank Center, in which case Special Events station will be utilized, this is the southern terminus of Metro Rail. Since Erie Canal Harbor station serves as a terminal, immediately north is a double crossover. Erie Canal Harbor station is located close to Amtrak's Buffalo–Exchange Street station and the two stations are connected by a lit pathway beneath Interstate 190 with decorative cement and signage. The station was originally known as Auditorium station when it first opened until September 1, 2003, when it was renamed Erie Canal Harbor station. The station was temporarily closed for construction and rebuilt to modern standards throughout 2023 and 2024, being renamed to Canalside station upon its reopening on July 2, 2024.

text:
# Canalside station

**Canalside station** (formerly **Auditorium station** and **Erie Canal Harbor station**) is a Buffalo Metro Rail station located in the 100 block of Main Street (just north of Hanover and Scott Streets) next to the South Aud Block of Canalside in the Free Fare Zone, which allows passengers free travel between this station and Fountain Plaza station. Passengers continuing past Fountain Plaza are required to provide proof-of-payment. Unless there are events occurring at KeyBank Center, in which case Special Events station will be utilized, this is the southern terminus of Metro Rail. Since Erie Canal Harbor station serves as a terminal, immediately north is a double crossover. Erie Canal Harbor station is located close to Amtrak's Buffalo–Exchange Street station and the two stations are connected by a lit pathway beneath Interstate 190 with decorative cement and signage.

The station was originally known as Auditorium station when it first opened until September 1, 2003, when it was renamed Erie Canal Harbor station. The station was temporarily closed for construction and rebuilt to modern standards throughout 2023 and 2024, being renamed to Canalside station upon its reopening on July 2, 2024.

## Bus routes

* 6 Sycamore
* 8 Main (outbound)
* 24 Genesee (outbound)
* 68 George Urban (outbound)

## Notable places nearby

Erie Canal Harbor station is located near:

## InfoBox

| Canalside | |
| --- | --- |
| Erie Canal Harbor (now Canalside) station platforms with Seneca One Tower in the background, during reconstruction in December 2023. | |
| General information | |
| Location | 100 Main Street
Buffalo, New York |
| Coordinates | 42°52′40″N 78°52′37″W / 42.87778°N 78.87694°W / 42.87778; -78.87694 |
| Owned by | NFTA |
| Platforms | 2 low-level side platforms |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Connections | Empire Service, Maple Leaf (at Buffalo–Exchange Street) |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | At-grade |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Fare zone | Free fare |
| History | |
| Opened | October 9, 1984 (1984-10-09) |
| Rebuilt | 2024 |
| Previous names | Auditorium (1984–2003)
Erie Canal Harbor (2003–2024) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| 2017 | 253,164 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station NFTA Following station  *Terminus*  Metro Rail  Senecatoward University  Special EventsLimited serviceTerminus | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Future service | |
| Preceding station NFTA Following station  DL&WTerminus  Metro Rail  Senecatoward University | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: Eucalyptus codonocarpa

abstract: Eucalyptus codonocarpa, commonly known as the bell-fruited mallee ash or New England mallee ash, is a flowering plant that is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a slender mallee with smooth, grey, yellow or brownish bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flowers buds in groups of three or seven, white flowers and bell-shaped fruit. It grows on the Northern Tablelands in New South Wales and nearby areas in Queensland.

text:
# Eucalyptus codonocarpa

***Eucalyptus codonocarpa***, commonly known as the **bell-fruited mallee ash** or **New England mallee ash**, is a flowering plant that is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a slender mallee with smooth, grey, yellow or brownish bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flowers buds in groups of three or seven, white flowers and bell-shaped fruit. It grows on the Northern Tablelands in New South Wales and nearby areas in Queensland.

## Description

*Eucalyptus codonocarpa* is a slender mallee that typically grows to a height of 6 m (20 ft) and forms a lignotuber. The bark is smooth, grey, yellow or brownish and there are sometimes ribbons of shed bark hanging from the upper branches. The leaves on young plants and on coppice regrowth are arranged in opposite pairs near the ends of the stems, linear to narrow lance-shaped, 65–140 mm (2.6–5.5 in) long, 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in) wide and glossy green. Adult leaves are arranged alternately, the same glossy green on both sides, lance-shaped to slightly curved, 65–150 mm (2.6–5.9 in) long and 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in) wide on a petiole 5–20 mm (0.20–0.79 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in groups of three or seven on an unbranched peduncle 4–10 mm (0.16–0.39 in) long, the individual buds on a pedicel 1–4 mm (0.039–0.157 in) long. Mature buds are club-shaped, 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide with a rounded to flattened and warty operculum. Flowering occurs from March to June and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, bell-shaped capsule 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) long and 6–9 mm (0.24–0.35 in) wide, with the valves below the rim.

## Taxonomy and naming

*Eucalyptus codonocarpa* was first formally described in 1930 by the William Blakely and Ernest McKie in *Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales*. The specific epithet (*codonocarpa*) is derived from the Ancient Greek words *kodon* meaning "bell" and *karpos* meaning "fruit", referring to the shape of the fruit.

## Distribution and habitat

Bell-fruited mallee ash grows in shrubland in sandy soil among granite outcrops north from Ebor on the Northern Tablelands and in adjacent areas in Queensland.

## InfoBox

| Bell-fruited mallee ash | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Eucalyptus codonocarpa* in the Gibraltar Range National Park | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Eucalyptus* |
| Species: | ***E. codonocarpa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eucalyptus codonocarpa***
Blakely & McKie | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eucalyptus approximans* subsp. *codonocarpa* (Blakely & McKie) L.A.S.Johnson & Blaxell * *Eucalyptus microcodon* L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill | |