title: Celio Technology Corporation

abstract: Celio Technology Corporation was a smartphone terminal manufacturer headquartered in Salt Lake City, UT and responsible for the Redfly product line The company's dissolution date was March 1, 2011.

text:
# Celio Technology Corporation

**Celio Technology Corporation** was a smartphone terminal manufacturer headquartered in Salt Lake City, UT and responsible for the Redfly product line The company's dissolution date was March 1, 2011.

## InfoBox

Celio Technology Corporation
| Industry | Computer hardware |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | November 22, 2006 |
| Defunct | March 1, 2011 |
| Headquarters | Salt Lake City, UT, United States |
| Key people | Kirt Bailey, President and CEO |
| Products | Celio Redfly |
| Website | http://www.celiocorp.com/ |


title: Chiara Margarita Cozzolani

abstract: Chiara Margarita Cozzolani, was a Baroque music composer, singer and Benedictine nun. She spent her adult life cloistered in the convent of Santa Radegonda, Milan, where she served as prioress and abbess and stopped composing. She was one of more than a dozen cloistered women who published sacred music in seventeenth-century Italy.

text:
# Chiara Margarita Cozzolani

**Chiara Margarita Cozzolani** (27 November 1602 – ca. 1676–1678), was a Baroque music composer, singer and Benedictine nun. She spent her adult life cloistered in the convent of Santa Radegonda, Milan, where she served as prioress and abbess and stopped composing. She was one of more than a dozen cloistered women who published sacred music in seventeenth-century Italy.

## Life and career

Margarita Cozzolani was the youngest daughter of a wealthy merchant family in Milan, Italy. She entered the convent and took her vows in 1620. She added "Chiara" as her religious name.

She was a prolific composer, her style characterized by sequences and the switching of modes. The duets and solos in her 1642 *Concerti Sacri* followed the Lombard style. Her four musical *opere* were published between 1640 and 1650, which is the date of her *Vespers,* perhaps her best-known single work. There is also a Paschal Mass. Her first publication, *Primavera di fiori musicali*, survived into the 20th Century, but was lost in 1945.

In the convent of Santa Radegonda, the nuns sang during major religious feast days, which drew a great deal of attention from the outside world. As abbess of Santa Radegonda, Cozzolani defended the nuns' music, which came under attack from Archbishop Alfonso Litta, who wanted to reform the convent by limiting the nuns' practice of music and other contact with the outside world. The archbishop could not have been reassured by the ecstatic report of Filippo Picinelli, in *Ateneo dei letterati milanesi* (Milan, 1670) who found that "the nuns of Santa Radegonda of Milan are gifted with such rare and exquisite talents in music that they are acknowledged to be the best singers of Italy. They wear the Cassinese habits of St. Benedict, but they seem to any listener to be white and melodious swans, who fill hearts with wonder, and spirit away tongues in their praise. Among these sisters, Donna Chiara Margarita Cozzolani merits the highest praise, Chiara in name but even more so in merit, and Margarita for her unusual and excellent nobility of invention...".

Donna Chiara Margarita Cozzolani disappears from the convent's records after 1676. The first modern edition of her complete motets, for one to five voices and continuo, appeared in 1998.

## Works

* *Primavera di fiori musicali*, for 1–4 voices and continuo, op. 1 (Milan 1640) (lost)
* *Concerti sacri*, for 2–4 voices and continuo, op. 2 (Venice 1642)
* *Scherzi di sacra melodia*, for 1 voice and continuo op. 3 (Venice 1648) (continuo lost)
* *Salmi à otto... motetti ei dialoghi*, for 2–8 voices and continuo, op. 3 \[*sic*\] (Venice 1650)
* *O dulcis Jesu,* for 2 voices (soprano or tenor) and continuo
* *No, no no che mare*, aria (lost)
* *Vespro della beata vergine*

* *Venite gentes,* for voice and continuo (lost)

## Further reading

* *The Sounds of Milan, 1585–1650,* by Robert L. Kendrick. (Oxford University Press, USA (21 November 2002)
* *Celestial Sirens: Nuns and Their Music in Early Modern Milan* by Robert L. Kendrick. (Oxford Monographs on Music, 1996)


title: Chih-ko

abstract: Chih-ko is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.

text:
# Chih-ko

**Chih-ko**  is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.

1. Maplandia world gazetteer

## InfoBox

| Chih-ko | |
| --- | --- |
| Chih-koLocation in Burma | |
| Coordinates: 25°44′N 98°17′E / 25.733°N 98.283°E / 25.733; 98.283 | |
| Country | Burma |
| State | Kachin State |
| District | Myitkyina District |
| Township | Chipwi Township |
| Population | |
| Religions | Buddhism |
| Time zone | UTC+6.30 (UTC \+ 6:30) |


title: The Maire of Bristowe is Kalendar

abstract: The Maire of Bristowe is Kalendar is a book compiled in the late 15th century by Robert Ricart, town clerk of Bristol, England. The work consists of six parts giving a history of England and of the city of Bristol, a list of civic officers, and details of local customs and ceremonies. Commissioned by mayor William Spencer, the Kalendar was started circa 1478–79. Scribed on vellum, separated by leaves of parchment, the book was reproduced in print in the 19th century for Lucy Toulmin Smith's edition, which omitted some content. It is regarded as one of the earliest examples of a town chronicle outside London. Little is known of Ricart, apart from his office as town clerk and the possibility that he was a merchant, also known as Robert Ricardes. He also appears to have authored parts of the Great Red Book of Bristol, as well as the Little White Book. Both books contain references to his being common clerk and as a witness. His entries in the Kalendar date from 1479 until 1506. The Kalendar is held at the Bristol Archives in Hotwells, Bristol. The original is fragile, but the contents may be viewed by microfiche.

text:
# The Maire of Bristowe is Kalendar

***The Maire of Bristowe is Kalendar*** (***Ricart's Calendar***) is a book compiled in the late 15th century by Robert Ricart, town clerk of Bristol, England. The work consists of six parts giving a history of England and of the city of Bristol, a list of civic officers, and details of local customs and ceremonies. Commissioned by mayor William Spencer, the Kalendar was started circa 1478–79. Scribed on vellum, separated by leaves of parchment, the book was reproduced in print in the 19th century for Lucy Toulmin Smith's edition, which omitted some content. It is regarded as one of the earliest examples of a town chronicle outside London.

Little is known of Ricart, apart from his office as town clerk and the possibility that he was a merchant, also known as Robert Ricardes. He also appears to have authored parts of the *Great Red Book of Bristol*, as well as the *Little White Book*. Both books contain references to his being common clerk and as a witness. His entries in the Kalendar date from 1479 until 1506.

The Kalendar is held at the Bristol Archives in Hotwells, Bristol. The original is fragile, but the contents may be viewed by microfiche.

## Synopsis

### Prologue

At the start of the book, Ricart details his plan for the execution of the work in six parts, although this plan was not in the end adhered to, he informs the reader that Spencer had commissioned the work to preserve the ancient customs of the town, for *maynteyneng of the said fraunchises herafter more duely and freely to be executed and excercised, and the perfaitter had in remembraunce*.

### First part

This consists of a history of England, from the time of Brut or Brute (Brutus of Troy), up until the reign of Harold Godwinson. The section is based on earlier sources such as Wace's verse epic *Roman de Brut*, which in turn is based on Geoffrey of Monmouth's *Historia Regum Britanniae*. The town of Bristol is represented as having been founded by Brennius, one of Brutus' sons. A short interlude at the end of the first part, describes Joseph of Arimathea's visit to Britain and an account of the founding of the abbey at Glastonbury in Somerset.

### Second part

Covering the period from the Norman conquest up until the death of John, King of England in 1216, this section is based heavily on Matthew Paris' *Flores Historiarum*. Interpositions contain accounts of the building of Bristol Castle by the Earls of Gloucester and their founding of St. James' Priory, Fitzhardings' foundation of St. Augustine's Abbey, the ancestry of William the Bastard, and an account of the charter and privileges granted to Bristol by King John.

### Third part

In this section, the material is listed under the terms of office of the town mayors, starting with Adam le Page in the earlier sections it was arranged by the reigns of kings. Much of the subject matter is derived from London chronicles of the time with little local content until the early 15th century, when information on grain prices, William II Canynges, local reaction to the Cornish Rebellion of 1497, ship losses, and bad weather started to appear alongside accounts of executions and the Wars of the Roses.

### Fourth part

The fourth section contains descriptions of the oaths of office administered to civic officials, regulations for the sale of bread, coal, and other commodities, civic ceremonies, robes of office, and judicial matters.

### Fifth part

The whole of this section is a reproduction of the text of the 1374 charter, which granted Bristol civic status, together with the contents of King John's 118 charter.

### Sixth part

The last section is mostly a transcription of a book belonging to Henry Darcy, Mayor of London in 1339, which is very similar to the *Liber Albus* or *White Book*, an account of the laws of the city of London, written by town clerk John Carpenter in 1419.

### Illustrations

The Kalendar contains eighteen illustrations, mostly depicting kings, but there is a notable plan of the town of Bristol, showing its principal features, and an illustration of the annual mayor making ceremony.

## Bibliography

* Fleming, P. (2004) "Making history: culture, politics and the Maire of Bristowe Is Kalendar". In: Biggs, D., Michalove, S. and Compton Reeves, A., eds. (2004) *Reputation and Representation in Fifteenth Century Europe*. Brill, pp. 289–316. ISBN 9004136134
* Fleming, Peter, ed. (2015) *The Maire of Bristowe is Kalendar* (Bristol Record Society Publications, Vol. LXVII).
* Toulmin Smith, Lucy, ed. (1872), *The Maire of Bristowe is Kalendar, by Robert Ricart, Town Clerk of Bristol 18 Edward IV* Camden Society.

## InfoBox

The Maire of Bristowe is Kalendar
| Frontispiece of 1872 transcription of *The Maire of Bristowe is Kalendar* by the Camden Society | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Robert Ricart |
| Subject | History of Bristol |
| Publication date | circa 1490 |
| Publication place | England |
| Media type | manuscript |


title: Smukfest

abstract:
Smukfest is an annual music festival, held during the second weekend of August in Denmark. Its location, in a beech forest in the vicinity of Skanderborg, has given rise to the slogan "Denmark's Most Beautiful Festival". The festival covers many styles of music, such as rock, pop, folk, heavy metal, hip-hop and electronic.
The festival focuses mainly on Danish music, but with some big names from other countries e.g. Britney Spears, Eric Clapton, Prince, Pet Shop Boys, Ozzy Osbourne, Tom Jones, Fat Boy Slim, Blood Hound Gang, Rihanna and many more. The first festival was held in 1980, and was a one-day event with 7 bands and about 600 spectators. The festival has a mascot called "Waltidur Festismuk Kærligkys Ølimund Rockilund Trold", born in 1579, thus the festival was born on Waltidurs 400th birthday. In 2009, Skanderborg Festival was held for the 30th time and is today the second largest festival in Denmark, after the Roskilde Festival. The festival gathered more than 50,000 people for the concerts, including 8,500 workers, most of them volunteers and has reached the current site's maximum capacity.

text:
# Smukfest

**Smukfest** (also known as the **Skanderborg Festival**) is an annual music festival, held during the second weekend of August in Denmark. Its location, in a beech forest in the vicinity of Skanderborg, has given rise to the slogan "Denmark's Most Beautiful Festival" (Danish: *Danmarks Smukkeste Festival*).

The festival covers many styles of music, such as rock, pop, folk, heavy metal, hip-hop and electronic. The festival focuses mainly on Danish music, but with some big names from other countries e.g. Britney Spears, Eric Clapton, Prince, Pet Shop Boys, Ozzy Osbourne, Tom Jones, Fat Boy Slim, Blood Hound Gang, Rihanna and many more.

The first festival was held in 1980, and was a one-day event with 7 bands and about 600 spectators.

The festival has a mascot called "Waltidur Festismuk Kærligkys Ølimund Rockilund Trold" (Waltidur Party-beauty Loving-kiss Beer-in-mouth Rock-in-grove Troll), born in 1579, thus the festival was born on Waltidurs 400th birthday.

In 2009, Skanderborg Festival was held for the 30th time and is today the second largest festival in Denmark, after the Roskilde Festival. The festival gathered more than 50,000 people for the concerts, including 8,500 workers, most of them volunteers and has reached the current site's maximum capacity.

## Stages

The festival has 4 stages (2016):

1. Bøgescenerne / The Main Stages
2. P3-teltet (Danish National Radio has a station called P3)
3. Stjerne-scenen (Star Stage)
4. Sherwood-scenen (Sherwood Stage)

The festival main stage consist of two stages and is called "Bøgescenerne" (Beech stages).

## Music performances

56°01′34″N 9°55′12″E / 56.026°N 9.920°E / 56.026; 9.920

## InfoBox

| Smukfest | |
| --- | --- |
| FestiWalther, the mascot of the festival. | |
| Genre | Rock, heavy metal, pop, electronic, hip hop, blues and folk. |
| Dates | 7 days in August |
| Location(s) | Skanderborg, Denmark |
| Years active | 1980–present |
| Attendance | 60,000 |
| Website | Festival Website |


title: Rich Valley, Alberta

abstract: Rich Valley is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada within Lac Ste. Anne County. It is located on Highway 33, approximately 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Edmonton.

text:
# Rich Valley, Alberta

**Rich Valley** is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada within Lac Ste. Anne County. It is located on Highway 33, approximately 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Edmonton.

## History

Rich Valley was originally called "Onion Prairie". The first post office was established in the home of the Carlin family in 1909.

## Demographics

The population of Rich Valley, according to the 2008 municipal census conducted by Lac Ste. Anne County, is 32.

## Infrastructure

* Rich Valley Public Library
* Rich Valley School - Northern Gateway Public Schools (K-7)
* Rich Valley Community Church

## Notable people

* Georges Charles-Jules Bugnet, Canadian writer and horticulturalist, did much of his plant hybridization work at Rich Valley
* William Purdy, former MLA of Stoney Plain (1971–1986) and first mayor of the Village of Wabuman

## InfoBox

| Rich Valley | |
| --- | --- |
| Hamlet | |
| Rich ValleyLocation of Rich ValleyRich ValleyRich Valley (Canada) | |
| Coordinates: 53°50′54″N 114°21′00″W / 53.84833°N 114.35000°W / 53.84833; -114.35000 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Alberta |
| Region | Central Alberta |
| Census division | 13 |
| Municipal district | Lac Ste. Anne County |
| Government | |
| Type | Unincorporated |
| Governing body | Lac Ste. Anne County Council |
| Population (2008) | |
| Total | 32 |
| Time zone | UTC−07:00 (MST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−06:00 (MDT) |
| Area code(s) | 780, 587, 825 |


title: Bipartivalva

abstract: Bipartivalva is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Olethreutinae of the family Tortricidae.

text:
# Bipartivalva

***Bipartivalva*** is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Olethreutinae of the family Tortricidae.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Bipartivalva* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Tribe: | Endotheniini |
| Genus: | *Bipartivalva*<br>Kuznetzov, 1988 |
|


title: Cikaso Waterfall

abstract:
Cikaso Waterfall is a dramatic waterfall on the Cikaso River in Western Java. Cikaso Waterfall is on the Cikaso River, which originates in North Sukabumi and flows south to the Surade District in South Sukabumi. It lies in the Ujung tourist area between Jampang Kulon and Surade.
The waterfalls have a height of almost 80 metres (260 ft), with three parallel drops along cliffs that are about 100 feet (30 m) wide.
The falls are accessible from the Ciniti, Cibitung village in the Cibitung Kulon sub-Jampang. They can be reached by foot or by motor boat.

text:
# Cikaso Waterfall

**Cikaso Waterfall** is a dramatic waterfall on the Cikaso River in Western Java.

Cikaso Waterfall is on the Cikaso River, which originates in North Sukabumi and flows south to the Surade District in South Sukabumi. It lies in the Ujung tourist area between Jampang Kulon and Surade. The waterfalls have a height of almost 80 metres (260 ft), with three parallel drops along cliffs that are about 100 feet (30 m) wide. The falls are accessible from the Ciniti, Cibitung village in the Cibitung Kulon sub-Jampang. They can be reached by foot or by motor boat.

## InfoBox

| Cikaso Waterfall | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 7°21′39″S 106°37′07″E / 7.360807°S 106.618624°E / -7.360807; 106.618624 |
| Total height | 80 metres (260 ft) |
| Total width | 30 metres (98 ft) |
| Watercourse | Cikaso River |


title: Dyschirius weyrauchi

abstract: Dyschirius weyrauchi is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Kult in 1950.

text:
# Dyschirius weyrauchi

***Dyschirius weyrauchi*** is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Kult in 1950.

## InfoBox

| *Dyschirius weyrauchi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Dyschirius* |
| Species: | ***D. weyrauchi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dyschirius weyrauchi***<br>Kult, 1950 | |
|


title: Vains

abstract: Vains is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.

text:
# Vains

**Vains** is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.

## InfoBox

| Vains | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The priory of Saint-Léonard | |
| Location of Vains | |
| VainsVains | |
| Coordinates: 48°40′57″N 1°24′39″W / 48.6825°N 1.4108°W / 48.6825; -1.4108 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Normandy |
| Department | Manche |
| Arrondissement | Avranches |
| Canton | Avranches |
| Intercommunality | CA Mont-Saint-Michel-Normandie |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Olivier Deville |
| Area**1** | 8.58 km2 (3.31 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 751 |
| Density | 88/km2 (230/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 50612 /50300 |
| Elevation | 5–39 m (16–128 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: 2022–23 Crawley Town F.C. season

abstract: The 2022–23 season is Crawley Town's 127th year in their history and eighth consecutive season in League Two. Along with the league, the club will also compete in the FA Cup, the EFL Cup and the EFL Trophy. The season covers the period from 1 July 2022 to 30 June 2023.

text:
# 2022–23 Crawley Town F.C. season

The **2022–23 season** is Crawley Town's 127th year in their history and eighth consecutive season in League Two. Along with the league, the club will also compete in the FA Cup, the EFL Cup and the EFL Trophy. The season covers the period from 1 July 2022 to 30 June 2023.

## Competitions

### Pre-season

Horsham revealed a friendly with Crawley on 10 May 2022, though this fixture was later cancelled. Sutton Common Rovers did likewise on 17 May, though this fixture was later cancelled. On 22 June, the *Reds* confirmed their first four pre-season friendlies, against Eastbourne Borough, East Grinstead Town, Charlton Athletic U23s and Aldershot Town. Two days later, a home fixture against Queens Park Rangers was confirmed. An eight addition was added to the schedule, against Three Bridges. A trip to Murcia and a friendly against Qatar SC were announced on 1 July, but the match against Qatar SC was cancelled later that day. the Another match was added to pre-season calendar, against Heart of Midlothian.

On 20 December, Crawley announced they would travel to the training ground of West Ham United to play a behind-closed-doors friendly against their U21 side.

| Date | Time | Opponent | Venue | Result
F–A | Scorers | Attendance | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 July 2022 | 15:00 | Eastbourne Borough | Away | 1–0 | Appiah 48' |  |  |
| 9 July 2022 | 15:00 | Queens Park Rangers | Home | 3–3 | Tilley 64', Nichols 69' (pen.), Adebowale 80' | 2,674 |  |
| 11 July 2022 | 19:30 | East Grinstead Town | Away | 9–0 | Trialist x4, Trialist, Own Goal, Trialist (pen.), Trialist x2 |  |  |
| 13 July 2022 | 19:45 | Three Bridges | Away | 5–0 | Tilley, Appiah, Nadesan x2, Oteh |  |  |
| 16 July 2022 | 13:00 | Heart of Midlothian | Away | 2–2 | Telford x2 | 3,110 |  |
| 19 July 2022 | 19:30 | Charlton Athletic U23s | Neutral | 3–2 | Powell, Trialist, Trialist |  |  |
| 23 July 2022 | 15:00 | Aldershot Town | Away | 2–3 | Nadesan, Trialist |  |  |
| 20 December 2022 | 13:00 | West Ham United U21 | Away | 2–1 | Telford, Powell | 0 |  |

| Win | Draw | Loss |
| --- | --- | --- |

### League Two

#### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion, qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19 | Harrogate Town | 46 | 12 | 16 | 18 | 59 | 68 | 9 | 52 |  |
| 20 | Colchester United | 46 | 12 | 13 | 21 | 44 | 51 | 7 | | 49 |
| 21 | AFC Wimbledon | 46 | 11 | 15 | 20 | 48 | 60 | 12 | | 48 |
| 22 | Crawley Town | 46 | 11 | 13 | 22 | 48 | 71 | 23 | | 46 |
| 23 | Hartlepool United (R) | 46 | 9 | 16 | 21 | 52 | 78 | 26 | 43 | Relegation to National League |
| 24 | Rochdale (R) | 46 | 9 | 11 | 26 | 46 | 70 | 24 | | 38 |

Source: EFL Official Website
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored; 4) Head-to-head results; 5) Wins; 6) Away goals; 7) Penalty points (sec 9.5); 8) 12-point sending off offences
(R) Relegated

#### Results summary

| Overall | | | | | | | | Home | | | | | | Away | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 46 | 11 | 13 | 22 | 48 | 71 | −23 | 46 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 31 | 30 | +1 | 2 | 6 | 15 | 17 | 41 | −24 |

Source: Sky Sports

#### Matches

On 23 June 2022, the League Two fixtures were announced for the forthcoming season.

| Win | Draw | Loss |
| --- | --- | --- |

| Date | Time | Opponent | Venue | Result
F–A | Scorers | Attendance | League
position | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 30 July 2022 | 15:00 | Carlisle United | Away | 0–1 |  | 6,403 | 19th |  |
| 6 August 2022 | 15:00 | Leyton Orient | Home | 0–1 |  | 3,851 | 24th |  |
| 13 August 2022 | 15:00 | Harrogate Town | Away | 0–0 |  | 1,304 | 21st |  |
| 16 August 2022 | 19:45 | Northampton Town | Home | 2–3 | Balagizi (2) 4', 61' | 2,471 | 22nd |  |
| 20 August 2022 | 15:00 | AFC Wimbledon | Home | 0–2 |  | 3,890 | 23rd |  |
| 27 August 2022 | 15:00 | Rochdale | Away | 1–1 | Powell 45+2' | 2,277 | 23rd |  |
| 3 September 2022 | 15:00 | Salford City | Away | 2–2 | Nichols 29', Francillette 66' | 2,099 | 22nd |  |
| 10 September 2022 | 15:00 | Gillingham | Home | Postponed | | | |  |
| 13 September 2022 | 15:00 | Stockport County | Home | 3–2 | Tilley 5', Telford 35', Tsaroulla 56' | 2,187 | 20th |  |
| 17 September 2022 | 15:00 | Crewe Alexandra | Away | 0–1 |  | 3,717 | 20th |  |
| 24 September 2022 | 15:00 | Doncaster Rovers | Away | 1–4 | Tilley 42' | 5,711 | 22nd |  |
| 1 October 2022 | 15:00 | Stevenage | Home | 1–2 | Nadesan 47' | 2,732 | 22nd |  |
| 8 October 2022 | 15:00 | Grimsby Town | Away | 0–3 |  | 6,068 | 24th |  |
| 15 October 2022 | 15:00 | Newport County | Home | 2–1 | Tilley 40', Nadesan 57' | 2,839 | 23rd |  |
| 22 October 2022 | 15:00 | Mansfield Town | Home | 3–2 | Nadesan 1', 46', Nichols 13' | 2,802 | 21st |  |
| 25 October 2022 | 19:45 | Colchester United | Away | 2–2 | Nadesan 45', Tilley 46' | 2,931 | 19th |  |
| 29 October 2022 | 19:45 | Bradford City | Away | 1–1 | Tilley 61' | 16,510 | 19th |  |
| 12 November 2022 | 15:00 | Barrow | Home | 1-0 | Nadesan 6' | 2,588 | 18th |  |
| 19 November 2022 | 15:00 | Walsall | Away | 1–2 | Telford 11' | 6,201 | 19th |  |
| 22 November 2022 | 19:45 | Gillingham | Home | 0–0 |  | 3,284 | 19th |  |
| 3 December 2022 | 15:00 | Swindon Town | Home | 2–0 | Tsaroulla 79', Powell 83' | 3,230 | 19th |  |
| 9 December 2022 | 19:45 | Hartlepool United | Home | 0–2 |  | 1,955 | 19th |  |
| 17 December 2022 | 15:00 | Tranmere Rovers | Away | Postponed | | | |  |
| 26 December 2022 | 15:00 | Sutton United | Home | 1–2 | Oteh 90+5' | 2,926 | 19th |  |
| 30 December 2022 | 19:45 | Stevenage | Away | 1–3 | Telford 89' (pen.) | 3,238 | 20th |  |
| 2 January 2023 | 15:00 | Newport County | Away | 2–2 | Telford 36', 67' (pen.) | 4,184 | 20th |  |
| 14 January 2023 | 15:00 | Doncaster Rovers | Home | Postponed | | | |  |
| 21 January 2023 | 15:00 | Sutton United | Away | Postponed | | | |  |
| 24 January 2023 | 19:45 | Grimsby Town | Home | Postponed | | | |  |
| 28 January 2023 | 15:00 | Salford City | Home | 3–2 | Telford 25', Conroy 34', Jenks 59' | 2,600 | 20th |  |
| 4 February 2023 | 15:00 | Gillingham | Away | 0–1 |  | 9,317 | 21st |  |
| 11 February 2023 | 15:00 | Crewe Alexandra | Home | 2–2 | Offord 19' (o.g.), Gladwin 90+7' | 2,589 | 21st |  |
| 14 February 2023 | 19:45 | Stockport County | Away | 1–2 | Powell 9' | 7,020 | 22nd |  |
| 18 February 2023 | 15:00 | Leyton Orient | Away | 0–1 |  | 7,943 | 23rd |  |
| 25 February 2023 | 15:00 | Carlisle United | Home | 2–5 | Oteh 50', Telford 84' | 2,970 | 23rd |  |
| 28 February 2023 | 19:45 | Tranmere Rovers | Away | 0–1 |  | 5,105 | 23rd |  |
| 4 March 2023 | 15:00 | Northampton Town | Away | 0–1 |  | 5,450 | 23rd |  |
| 7 March 2023 | 19:45 | Sutton United | Away | 0–3 |  | 3,253 | 23rd |  |
| 11 March 2023 | 15:00 | Harrogate Town | Home | 3–1 | Oteh 8', 44', Mutch 67' | 3,317 | 23rd |  |
| 18 March 2023 | 15:00 | AFC Wimbledon | Away | 1–0 | Nadesan 5' | 7,300 | 22nd |  |
| 21 March 2023 | 19:45 | Doncaster Rovers | Home | 1–1 | Khaleel 82' | 2,850 | 22nd |  |
| 25 March 2023 | 15:00 | Rochdale | Home | 2–0 | Telford 35', Conroy 39' | 4,700 | 22nd |  |
| 28 March 2023 | 19:45 | Grimsby Town | Home | 1–1 | Telford 87' (pen.) | 2,668 | 22nd |  |
| 1 April 2023 | 15:00 | Mansfield Town | Away | 1–4 | Ogungbo 71' | 6,080 | 22nd |  |
| 7 April 2023 | 15:00 | Bradford City | Home | 0–0 |  | 3,644 | 22nd |  |
| 10 April 2023 | 15:00 | Barrow | Away | 0–4 |  | 3,335 | 23rd |  |
| 15 April 2023 | 15:00 | Tranmere Rovers | Home | 2–1 | Oteh 30', Powell 40' | 2,812 | 22nd |  |
| 18 April 2023 | 19:45 | Colchester United | Home | 0–0 |  | 2,894 | 22nd |  |
| 22 April 2023 | 15:00 | Hartlepool United | Away | 2–0 | Telford (2) 40', 66' | 6,812 | 22nd |  |
| 29 April 2023 | 15:00 | Walsall | Home | 0–0 |  | 4,189 | 22nd |  |
| 10 May 2023 | 13:00 | Swindon Town | Away | 1–2 | Telford 62' pen. | 10,450 | 22nd |  |

### FA Cup

*The Reds* were drawn at home to Accrington Stanley in the first round.

| Win | Draw | Loss |
| --- | --- | --- |

| Round | Date | Time | Opponent | Venue | Result
F–A | Scorers | Attendance | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| First round | 5 November 2022 | 15:00 | Accrington Stanley | H | 1–4 | Hessenthaler 18' | 2,770 |  |

### EFL Cup

Crawley Town were drawn at home against Bristol Rovers in the first round and to Fulham in the second round.

| Win | Draw | Loss |
| --- | --- | --- |

| Round | Date | Time | Opponent | Venue | Result
F–A | Scorers | Attendance | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| First round | 9 August 2022 | 19:45 | Bristol Rovers | Home | 1–0 | Nichols 73' | 1,860 |  |
| Second round | 23 August 2022 | 19:45 | Fulham | Home | 2–0 | Nichols 16', Balagizi 49' | 5,577 |  |
| Third round | 8 November 2022 | 19:45 | Burnley | Away | 1–3 | Telford 22' | 6,329 |  |

### EFL Trophy

On 20 June, the initial Group stage draw was made, grouping Crawley Town with AFC Wimbledon and Portsmouth. Three days later, Aston Villa U21 joined Southern Group B.

| Pos | Div | Team | Pld | W | PW | PL | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | L2 | AFC Wimbledon | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 4 | +2 | 7 | Advance to Round 2 |
| 2 | L1 | Portsmouth | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 3 | +5 | | 6 |
| 3 | L2 | Crawley Town | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 7 | +2 | 5 |  |
| 4 | ACA | Aston Villa U21 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 12 | 9 | | 0 |

Source: EFL.com

| Win | Draw | Loss |
| --- | --- | --- |

| Round | Date | Time | Opponent | Venue | Result
F–A | Scorers | Attendance | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Group Stage | 30 August 2022 | 19:45 | Portsmouth | Home | 2–2 (6–5 ) | Telford 8' (pen.), Bremang 90+5' (pen.) | 2,314 |  |
| Group Stage | 20 September 2022 | 19:45 | AFC Wimbledon | Away | 2–3 | Powell 59', Frimpong 90+6' (o.g.) | 903 |  |
| Group Stage | 18 October 2022 | 19:45 | Aston Villa U21 | Home | 5–2 | Davis 28', Oteh 40', 52', Marshall 83', Telford 90+4' (pen.) | 896 |  |

## Transfers

### Transfers in

| Date | Position | Name | Previous club | Fee | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 July 2022 | DF | Dion Conroy | (Swindon Town) | Free Transfer |  |
| 1 July 2022 | DF | Travis Johnson | (Crewe Alexandra) | Free Transfer |  |
| 1 July 2022 | FW | Dom Telford | (Newport County) | Free Transfer |  |
| 4 July 2022 | GK | Corey Addai | (Esbjerg) | Free Transfer |  |
| 9 July 2022 | DF | Tobi Omole | (Tottenham Hotspur) | Free Transfer |  |
| 20 July 2022 | MF | Jayden Davis | (Millwall) | Free Transfer |  |
| 20 July 2022 | FW | Moe Shubbar | (Cheshunt) | Free Transfer |  |
| 20 July 2022 | DF | Ben Wells | (Welling United) | Free Transfer |  |
| 1 July 2022 | DF | Brandon Mason | (Milton Keynes Dons) | Free Transfer |  |
| 19 August 2022 | FW | David Bremang | Barnsley | Undisclosed |  |
| 27 January 2023 | MF | Ben Gladwin | Swindon Town | Undisclosed |  |
| 31 January 2023 | DF | Kellan Gordon | Mansfield Town | Undisclosed |  |
| 31 January 2023 | MF | Jack Roles | Woking | Undisclosed |  |
| 6 February 2023 | FW | Jedidiah Brown | Fisher | Free Transfer |  |
| 2 March 2023 | MF | Jordon Mutch | Free agent |  |  |
| 23 March 2023 | MF | Anthony Grant | Free agent |  |  |

### Loans in

| Date | Position | Name | Club | Return | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 July 2022 | MF | James Balagizi | Liverpool | 20 January 2023 |  |
| 29 July 2022 | MF | Teddy Jenks | Brighton & Hove Albion | End of Season |  |
| 30 July 2022 | GK | Ellery Balcombe | Brentford | 17 January 2023 |  |
| 1 August 2022 | DF | Mazeed Ogungbo | Arsenal | End of Season |  |
| 19 August 2022 | GK | David Robson | Hull City | 1 January 2023 |  |
| 1 September 2022 | FW | Caleb Chukwuemeka | Aston Villa | End of Season |  |
| 1 September 2022 | MF | Tom Fellows | West Bromwich Albion | End of Season |  |
| 31 January 2023 | GK | Ryan Schofield | Huddersfield Town | End of Season |  |
| 31 January 2023 | MF | Jack Spong | Brighton & Hove Albion | End of Season |  |

1. On 20 January, Balagizi returned to Liverpool early due to an injury setback
2. On 17 January, Balcombe was recalled back to Brentford

### Transfers out

| Date | Position | Name | Subsequent club | Fee | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 30 June 2022 | MF | Henry Burnett | (Billericay Town) | Released |  |
| 30 June 2022 | DF | Archie Davies | (Aldershot Town) | Released |  |
| 30 June 2022 | MF | Tyler Frost | (Harrogate Town) | Released |  |
| 30 June 2022 | FW | Ricky German | (Chesham United) | Released |  |
| 30 June 2022 | FW | Reece Grego-Cox | (Woking) | Released |  |
| 30 June 2022 | GK | Alfie Jones |  | Released |  |
| 30 June 2022 | DF | Jordan Tunnicliffe | (Wrexham) | Rejected Contract |  |
| 30 June 2022 | MF | Sam Matthews | (Wealdstone) | Released |  |
| 28 July 2022 | MF | Jack Payne | (Boreham Wood) | Mutual Consent |  |
| 20 October 2022 | FW | Mustafa Hussein |  | Mutual Consent |  |
| 31 December 2022 | FW | Mark Marshall | (Maidstone United) | Released |  |
| 1 January 2023 | FW | Tom Nichols | Gillingham | Undisclosed |  |
| 12 January 2023 | GK | Glenn Morris | Gillingham | Mutual Consent |  |
| 26 January 2023 | FW | David Bremang | (Hungerford Town) | Mutual Consent |  |
| 31 January 2023 | DF | George Francomb | (Dorking Wanderers) | Mutual Consent |  |
| 31 January 2023 | DF | Owen Gallacher | (Grimsby Town) | Mutual Consent |  |
| 6 February 2023 | MF | Ronan Silva | (Farnborough) | Mutual Consent |  |
| 9 February 2023 | DF | Emmanuel Adebowale | (Dartford) | Mutual Consent |  |
| 16 February 2023 | MF | Szymon Kowalczyk |  | Mutual Consent |  |
| 27 February 2023 | MF | Zaid Al-Hussaini | (Farnborough) | Mutual Consent |  |
| 2 March 2023 | MF | Kaan Kevser-Junior |  | Mutual Consent |  |
| 23 March 2023 | FW | Moe Shubbar |  | Mutual Consent |  |

1. Brackets around club names denote the player joined that club after his contract with Crawley expired
2. The transfer was announced on 28 December, and would become official on January 1, once the transfer window re-opens.

### Loans out

| Date | Position | Name | Club | Return | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13 July 2022 | FW | Davide Rodari | Dartford | End of Season |  |
| 29 July 2022 | GK | Glenn Morris | Gillingham | End of Season |  |
| 1 September 2022 | FW | Kwesi Appiah | Colchester United | End of Season |  |
| 23 September 2022 | FW | Moe Shubbar | Worthing | 31 December 2022 |  |
| 31 January 2023 | MF | Jake Hessenthaler | Woking | End of Season |  |
| 11 February 2023 | MF | Florian Kastrati | Eastbourne Borough | End of Season |  |
| 13 February 2023 | DF | Tony Craig | Dorking Wanderers | End of Season |  |
| 17 February 2023 | FW | Moe Shubbar | Slough Town | End of Season |  |
| 14 March 2023 | FW | Jayden Davis | Lewes | End of Season |  |
| 14 March 2023 | MF | Florian Katrati | Bognor Regis Town | End of Season |  |

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142. "Szymon Kowalczyk Departs". Crawley Town FC. 16 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
143. "Zaid Al-Hussaini Departs". Crawley Town FC. 27 February 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
144. "Lovatt loan confirmed". Farnborough FC. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
145. "Kaan Kevser-Junior Departs". Crawley Town FC. 2 March 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
146. "Moe Shubbar Departs". Crawley Town FC. 23 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
147. "Promising Crawley Town striker seals loan move to National League South club". Sussex Express. 13 July 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
148. "Glenn Morris Departs On Loan". Crawley Town FC. 29 July 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
149. "Kwesi Appiah Departs On Loan". Crawley Town FC. 1 September 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
150. "Loan deal agreed for Shubbar". Worthing FC. 23 September 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
151. "Jake Hessenthaler Departs On Loan". Crawley Town FC. 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
152. "A Red Devil Comes Through The Door…". Eastbourne Borough FC. 11 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
153. "Tony Craig Joins Dorking On Loan". Crawley Town FC. 13 February 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
154. "Squad news: Welling United". Slough Town FC. 17 February 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
155. "Ryan Huckle and Jayden Davis sign". Lewes FC. 14 March 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
156. "Davis And Kastrati Head Out On Loan". Crawley Town FC. 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.

## InfoBox

Crawley Town FC
| 2022–23 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Owner | WAGMI United |
| Co-chairmen | Preston Johnson
Eben Smith |
| Manager | Kevin Betsy
(until 9 October)
Matthew Etherington
(between 27 November–29 December)
Scott Lindsey
(from 11 January) |
| Stadium | Broadfield Stadium |
| League Two | 22nd |
| FA Cup | First round |
| EFL Cup | Third round |
| EFL Trophy | Group stage |
| Top goalscorer | League:
Dom Telford
(12 goals)
All:
Dom Telford
(15 goals) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Children's Hospital of New Orleans

abstract: Children's Hospital of New Orleans (CHNOLA) is a non-profit, pediatric acute care children's teaching hospital located in New Orleans, Louisiana. The hospital has 229 pediatric beds and is affiliated with the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center. The hospital is a member of LCMC Health and is the only children's hospital in the network. The hospital provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21 throughout New Orleans and the state of Louisiana. CHNOLA also sometimes treats adults that require pediatric care. CHNOLA also features the largest pediatric emergency department in the region and is the largest provider of pediatric health services in Louisiana. Children's Hospital offers a wide range of inpatient and outpatient pediatric care, including a Pediatric intensive care unit, Neonatal intensive care unit, and a parenting education center. The hospital admits over 7,000 inpatient and 170,000 outpatient visits each year. The hospital services the entire state of Louisiana and Gulf Coast region.

text:
# Children's Hospital of New Orleans

**Children's Hospital of New Orleans** (CHNOLA) is a non-profit, pediatric acute care children's teaching hospital located in New Orleans, Louisiana. The hospital has 229 pediatric beds and is affiliated with the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center. The hospital is a member of LCMC Health and is the only children's hospital in the network. The hospital provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21 throughout New Orleans and the state of Louisiana. CHNOLA also sometimes treats adults that require pediatric care. CHNOLA also features the largest pediatric emergency department in the region and is the largest provider of pediatric health services in Louisiana.

Children's Hospital offers a wide range of inpatient and outpatient pediatric care, including a Pediatric intensive care unit, Neonatal intensive care unit, and a parenting education center. The hospital admits over 7,000 inpatient and 170,000 outpatient visits each year. The hospital services the entire state of Louisiana and Gulf Coast region.

## History

Children's Hospital is operated as a non-profit organization, run by an independent board of trustees. It was originally opened as a rehabilitation center for physically handicapped children in 1955 under the name **Crippled Children's Hospital**. The facility was expanded into a full-service hospital and given its current name in 1976.

## About

The main hospital is located in the University District of Uptown New Orleans. This facility is located along the levee next to the Mississippi River, near the Audubon Zoo and Audubon Park, New Orleans, on the city's old high ground or "sliver by the river" which escaped the flooding of most of the city in the Levee failures in Greater New Orleans, 2005 in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. There is also a satellite clinic in the nearby suburb of Metairie and one in Baton Rouge. The hospital has its own power generator and remained operational throughout Hurricane Katrina. Though the hospital received no damage, officials were concerned about the lack of clean water and electricity in the New Orleans area. It was evacuated on September 1, 2005 when the hospital lost water pressure from the city. Children from the hospital were sent to children's hospitals around the U.S. and Canada. The hospital suffered no flood damage and negligible wind damage during the storm. It was fully reopened over a month later on October 10, 2005.

Children's Hospital and Touro Infirmary merged into one hospital system in 2009. Louisiana Children's Medical Center, the parent of Children's Hospital, became the parent to both. Louisiana Children's Medical Center was later renamed LCMC Health.

## InfoBox

| Children's Hospital of New Orleans | |
| --- | --- |
| LCMC Health System | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | New Orleans, Louisiana, United States |
| Coordinates | 29°55′04″N 90°07′40″W / 29.917848°N 90.127879°W / 29.917848; -90.127879 |
| Organization | |
| Funding | Non-profit hospital |
| Type | Teaching |
| Affiliated university | LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans |
| Services | |
| Emergency department | Yes |
| Beds | 263 |
| Speciality | Children's hospital |
| Helipad | FAA LID: **LA93** |
| History | |
| Opened | 1955 |
| Links | |
| Website | www.chnola.org |
| Lists | Hospitals in Louisiana |


title: The Lakes Distillery

abstract: The Lakes Distillery is a distillery based in the Lake District that is owned by Nyetimber and provides a variety of products including whisky, gin and vodka.

text:
# The Lakes Distillery

**The Lakes Distillery** is a distillery based in the Lake District that is owned by Nyetimber and provides a variety of products including whisky, gin and vodka.

## History

In December 2014 The Lakes Distillery was established in 2014 by Paul Carrie and provides a variety of products.

On January 7, 2022 The Lakes Distillery announced plans to expand its distillery by installing 8 new washbacks.

On March 12, 2024 James Pennefather became the new chief executive of The Lakes Distillery.

On April 3, 2024 Nyetimber made a bid to acquire The Lakes Distillery for £71m.

On June 23, 2024 Nyetimber finalised its acquisition of The Lakes Distillery.

## Products

### Whisky

The Lakes Distillery can produce 375,000 litres of whisky per annum with a variety of types that including single malt and blended whisky

Examples of The Lakes Distillery whisky include:

* The Lakes Distillery Whiskymaker’s Reserve No.4 – World’s Best Single Malt Whisky
* The Lakes Whiskymaker’s Infinity Single Malt Whisky
* The Lakes Whiskymaker’s Reserve No 7 Single Malt Whisky
* The Lakes Whiskymaker’s Iris Single Malt Whisky

### Gin

The Lakes Distillery produces a variety of different gins including London Dry Gin and Pink Grapefruit Gin l

Examples of the Lakes distillery gins include:

* The Lakes Gin Classical English Gin
* The Lakes Miniature Gin Gift Set inc: The Lakes Rhubarb, Foxdenton Sloe Gin Liqueur, Whitley Neill Raspberry Gin, Warner Edward’s Strawberry & Rose Gin and Gordon’s Gin by Ice and Slice
* The Lakes Rhubarb and Rosehip Gin
* The Lakes Gin Crackers Christmas Crackers
* The Lakes Elderflower Gin Liqueur

### Vodka

The Lakes Distillery produces a selection of vodkas.

Examples of The Lakes Distillery Vodka includes:

* Salted Caramel Vodka Liqueur
* The Lakes Vodka - Ultra-Smooth English Vodka from The Lake District
* The Lakes Vodka

## Achievements

### Whisky

#### Worlds best single malt

On May 24, 2022 The Whiskymaker’s Reserve No.4 was named the world’s best single malt at the world whisky awards in the Merchant Taylors Hall.

#### English - Scottish blended whisky

On 22 June 2018 the Lakes Distillery created an English - Scottish blended whisky.

#### Auction

On July 12, 2018 the Lakes Distillery auctioned its Genesis Single Malt Whisky which sold for s total of £7,900.

## InfoBox

The Lakes Distillery
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Bassenthwaite Lake, Cumbria |
| Owner | Nyetimber |
| Founded | 2014 |
| Founder | Paul Currie |
| Status | Active |
| Water source | River Derwent |
| Website | lakesdistillery.com |
| Lakes | |
| Type | Gin, Vodka, Whisky |


title: Chen Hao (politician)

abstract: Chen Hao is a Chinese politician. He served as Governor of Yunnan province from 2014 to 2016 and also Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of Yunnan from 2016 to 2020. He was formerly Governor of Yunnan and vice-chairman of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions.

text:
# Chen Hao (politician)

**Chen Hao** (Chinese: ; pinyin: *Chén Háo*; born 11 February 1954) is a Chinese politician. He served as Governor of Yunnan province from 2014 to 2016 and also Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of Yunnan from 2016 to 2020. He was formerly Governor of Yunnan and vice-chairman of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions.

## Career

Chen Hao was born in February 1954 in Haimen, Jiangsu province, and worked as a schoolteacher in Haimen from 1973 to 1977. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in June 1976.

From 1979 to 1983 he worked at a fruit company in Jing'an District, Shanghai. From 1980 to 1984 he studied at Jiang'an Part-time University, majoring in Chinese literature. Starting in 1983, he worked at the Jiang'an District government, becoming CCP Deputy Committee Secretary of the district in 1996. From 1989 to 1991 he enrolled at the graduate school of East China Normal University, studying economics.

In 1997, he entered the municipal government of Shanghai. In 2003, he obtained an MBA degree from China Europe International Business School. From 2003 to 2010 he served as vice-chairman of the Shanghai Municipal People's Congress, and chairman of the Shanghai General Trade Union. In 2011 he became vice-chairman of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions.

On 17 October 2014, Chen Hao was appointed acting Governor of Yunnan province, succeeding Li Jiheng. He was confirmed as governor in January 2015. In August 2016, Chen was appointed the CCP committee secretary of Yunnan by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

In December 2020, Chen was appointed as the Deputy Chairperson of the National People's Congress Ethnic Affairs Committee.

## InfoBox

| Chen Hao | |
| --- | --- |
| 陈豪 | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Communist Party Secretary of Yunnan | |
| **In office**
28 August 2016  20 November 2020 | |
| Deputy | Ruan Chengfa (Governor) |
| Preceded by | Li Jiheng |
| Succeeded by | Ruan Chengfa |
| Governor of Yunnan | |
| **In office**
October 2014  13 December 2016
acting until January 2015 | |
| Preceded by | Li Jiheng |
| Succeeded by | Ruan Chengfa |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1954-02-11) 11 February 1954
Haimen, Jiangsu, China |
| Political party | Chinese Communist Party |
| Alma mater | East China Normal University
China Europe International Business School |
|  | |


title: Sheng slang

abstract: Sheng is primarily a Swahili and English-based cant, perhaps a mixed language or creole, originating among the urban youth of Nairobi, Kenya, and influenced by many of the languages spoken there. While primarily a language of urban youths, it has spread across social classes and geographically to neighbouring Tanzania and Uganda.

text:
# Sheng slang

**Sheng** is primarily a Swahili and English-based cant, perhaps a mixed language or creole, originating among the urban youth of Nairobi, Kenya, and influenced by many of the languages spoken there. While primarily a language of urban youths, it has spread across social classes and geographically to neighbouring Tanzania and Uganda.

## Etymology and history

The word "Sheng" is coined from the two languages that it is mainly derived from: **S**wa**h**ili and **Eng**lish. The "h" was included from the middle of "Swa**h**ili" because "Seng" would have sounded unusual. The term is first recorded in 1965.

Originating in the early 1950s in the Eastlands area of Nairobi (variously described as a "slum", "ghetto" or "suburb"), Sheng is now heard among matatu drivers/touts across the region, and in the popular media. Most of the Sheng words are introduced in various communities and schools and given wide exposure by music artists who include them in their lyrics, hence the rapid growth. It can be assumed to be the first language of many Kenyans in urban areas.

Like all slang, Sheng is mainly used by the youth and is part of popular culture in Kenya. It also evolves rapidly, as words are moved into and out of slang use. It found broad usage among hip hop artists such as Kalamashaka and G.rongi in the African Great Lakes region in the '90s, both mainstream and "underground" (whose music helped spread the language and contribute to rapid changes or shifts in Sheng vocabulary), as well as among virtually all university and secondary-school students, the language was not always associated with people who cannot do much for the society until when the Kenya Broadcasting Corporation noted the rise in both class and diversity. Radio presenters John Karani, Jeff Mwangemi and Prince Otach, and many more, took it to the mainstream by presenting the first radio shows using Sheng phrases on the national broadcast. By 2010 almost every media show had some sort of sheng it.

Although the grammar, syntax, and much of the vocabulary are drawn from Swahili, Sheng borrows from the languages of some of the largest ethnic groups in Kenya, including Luhya, Gĩkũyũ, Luo and Kamba. Words are also borrowed from languages that are neither a local language nor English – such as the Sheng word *morgen* "morning" – a Sheng word used in some areas with a similar meaning in German.

Sheng vocabulary can vary significantly within Kenya's various subdivisions and the larger African Great Lakes region, and even between neighbourhoods in Nairobi. Many youth living in the capital often use the argot as their everyday mode of communication rather than Swahili or English.

Many Gen Z and Millennials easily adapt to other variants of Sheng like Shembeteng, Shengilo and Shengtezo.

The use of social media platforms like TikTok have contributed to the growth of Sheng.

## Sheng in literature

The written use of Sheng in literature is still a minor phenomenon. Some poems in the African literary magazine *Kwani?* have been published in Sheng, but the first and only book in this language is "Lafudhi hip hop poetry in Sheng" (2015), written by G rongi.

## Sample vocabulary

| Sheng | English (definition) |
| --- | --- |
| *nyuka* | cane |
| dunga | *wear* |
| *ngasha* | shower |
| *kugura* | to leave, to vacate premises |
| *boya* | fool |
| *idha* | time |
| *mnati, ras* | Rastafarian |
| *babi, barbie* | person who doesn't speak Sheng, person from a wealthy background |
| Ngori, noma | trouble |
| *bonga (*bong-gah*), Roroa, zoza, banja, tema* | talk |
| *bonga mavi* | talk smack |
| *saksua* | search |
| *para* | family |
| *digaga* | spectacle |
| *sepa* | go away, flee |
| *setoka* | represent |
| *mbwakni* | jumpy |
| *peremba* | interrogate |
| *dai* | want, view |
| *dungia (*doong-gi-ah*), gawia, chapia, vutia* | hit up (call someone) |
| *apantambua* | no respect to that (don't recognize that) |
| *riba, zabe* | story |
| *serereka* | have fun |
| *dema, dimbua* | eat |
| *pack, stick* | live (somewhere) |
| *ndeng'a, thwau, bunde, mchuma, mtoo, ridhe, fee, toka* | gun, firearm |
| *keroma, demo* | food |
| *chapaa, munde, mundez, niado, ganji, doe, keroma, cheddar/chedaz, dau, mkwanja, makwarkwar, cheng* | money |
| *so, kioo, exsoo, red, os* | one hundred shillings |
| *finje, chuani, pachas, hamusini, nich* | fifty shillings |
| *mbao, blue, mbalu* | twenty shillings |
| *ashuu, shoe, kindee, ikongo, das, teja* | ten shillings |
| *wai* | buy |
| *ngovo, kobole, guoko* | five shillings |
| *rwabe, doso, jill* | two hundred shillings |
| *punch, jirongo* | five hundred shillings |
| *thao, jii (like the letter G), kapaa, ngiri, ngwanye, ndovu, azar, K, muti, bramba* | one thousand shillings |
| *fala, mwere (*mweh-reh*), dwanzi, zuzu* | stupid person, idiot |
| *ocha, moshatha, shaggz* | up country, rural home/area |
| *liet, noma, niku hatata, wa gwan* | in a mess, trouble |
| *Conte* | Tough person |
| *Oposh, momo, fatso, bazu* | Fat person |
| *1 GB* | Skinny person |
| *njeve* | cold |
| *ingiza njeve, gwaya, buya* | get scared, be afraid, chicken out |
| *Kanjo* | city/town council officer |
| *chapo* | chapati |
| *ngodha* | underpants |
| *msee, mzing' kizee, mdhii, mguys, mzeiya, mtunguyaz, mzaee, morio* | guy, dude |
| *dame, mresh, supuu, msupa, manzi, shore (sho-reh; from "shawty"), msusu, mroro, mshee, totoh, yeng, mdenge, nyegz, ngus* | girl, chick |
| *buda, mzae, arinzu, mzing* | father |
| *gweng, gwan* | hard (difficult) |
| *zii, nada, do, nah* | no |
| *mathree, mat, jive, jav, buu, nganya* | matatu |
| *ngwai, Tire (Tea-Reh), kithuke, vela, ndom, aroma, shashi, kenti, mashashola, kindukulu, shada* | bhang, marijuana |
| *msudi* | traitor, snitch |
| *deree, kigonyi, vandere* | driver |
| *konkodi, makanga, manumber, donda* | bus/matatu conductor |
| *fegi, mozo, ngale, fuaka* | cigarette |
| *mzae* | male parent |
| *karao, gova, sanse, beast, afande, gova* | police |
| *keja, hao, mbanyu, base, digs, guba, ndaki* | house, home |
| *matha, mathe, mthama, masa, mondhres* | woman, mother |
| *mboch, chinebo* | housegirl (maid) |
| *mbota, wochi* | watch |
| *mbwenya, jako, blazer* | coat |
| *dhafu, githafu,madhafu, mao* | Mathematics |
| *mdosi, sonko, sos, penki, donga, bombay, bola, Okwonkwo, dela* | Rich person |
| *msoto, mbleina, sufferer, hustler* | poor person |
| *sota, kauka, chupri* | go bankrupt/become poor |
| *bie, B.A* | good |
| *mzing, fathe, mbuyu, buda, arinzu,* | dad |
| *masa, mathe, mnyaka, mokoro, moda, mthama, mondhres* | mum |
| *oga* | an individual from Nigeria |
| *ndauo* | an individual with Maasai descent |
| *mngoso* | an individual with English descent |
| *Mchinku* | an individual with Chinese descent |
| *Gaki* | an individual belonging to Kisii community |
| *msapere, mkiuk, okuyu* | an individual belonging to Kenya's Kikuyu ethnic community or generally Bantu |
| *Mkao, mcambodia, mnduli* | an individual belonging to Kenya's Kamba ethnic community |
| *mjaka, mjaze, mjaksus* | an individual belonging to Kenya's Luo ethnic community |
| *mgirish* | an individual belonging to Kenya's Giriama people ethnic community |
| *mlunje* | an individual belonging to Kenya's Luhya ethnic community |
| *mkale* | an individual belonging to Kenya's Kalenjin ethnic community |
| *Arges, walalo, oria* | an individual belonging to Kenya's Somali ethnic community |
| *Kasee* | a male person from the Kamba ethnic community of Kenya |
| *Baite(pronounced vaite)* | a male person from the Meru ethnic community of Kenya |
| *Muraa* | a male person from the Kuria ethnic community of Kenya |
| *nare (*nah-reh*)* | fire, matches |
| *ndai, moti, murenga, dinga* | car |
| *ngata (ng-gah-tah), ngede (ng-geh-deh), irori* | fuel |
| *nguenos, ngwex, mwewe, ngwetes, ngokos* | chicken |
| *rodhi* | trouser |
| *njumu, njuti, ndula, magwanda, manduleng', chuja* | shoes |
| *poa, wazi, wabe, fiti, chonjo* | cool |
| *ubao, maunenge, kidale* | hunger |
| *mboka* | city |
| *uaganis* | nonsense |
| *veve, mbachu, shamba, mogoka, jaba* | miraa |
| *kuber (*koo-beh-r*), kubz, doze, mungich, mungiki* | (chewing) tobacco |
| *mburungo* | cargo |
| *chapa, donje, kiatu, forbes, kiraka, kubeat* | ugly |
| *fyat* | crazy *Teo* Exams - |
| *chipo, chibaz, njiva, vanga* | chips |
| *fika, ishia, jikata, sepa* | to go somewhere |
| *kirindi, mbogi* | crowd |
| *earthwire* | neck tie |
| *nyonde* | bird |
| *dush* | dove/pigeon |
| *mavi, mafi, shonde, shoi, shoste* | faeces |
| *shower* | bath |
| *mode (*moh-day*), odijo* | teacher |
| *mboka, mtaa* | city, town, streets, neighbourhood |
| *chuom* | pathway |
| *omoka, kukafunga,* | be rich |
| *mzii/noma* | tough/bad |
| *majuu, mayolo, chambele, farova* | Western world/overseas |
| *mlami, myuro* | white person, Caucasian person |
| *mtiaji, msororaji, mrazi* | a cunning person, tattletale |
| *kauzi, thegi, gondi, dingo, obe (*ob*), gwangi* | thief, thug, mugger, burglar |
| *masaa, githaa* | time |
| *mshikaji, bf, gf* | boyfriend/girlfriend |
| *pasuka, raruka* | laugh |
| *karokota, doze, kufinyilia, kutuna* | take a nap, sleep |
| *nyaku, waka, washa, gwezere, malaga,* | drink (alcohol) |
| *kalesa, pace, tembeza* | walk a distance |
| *tei* | alcohol |
| *tenje, mtambo* | Radio/ music system or a phone |
| *Nangos, digitz* | Number |
| **N.B.** Words in brackets in the Sheng column show how the word is pronounced. | |

### Examples

| Sheng | Standard Kiswahili (translation) | Standard English (translation) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Umekemba gazo, radar ni fom zimekalas hadi msoto imeramba mayenx viudu.* | *Imechapishwa magazetini ya kwamba ukosefu Wa kazi imeathiri vijana kiafya ya akili* | The newspapers asserts that joblessness has affected the youth's mental health. |
|
| *Muokalaiz nikupeleke na mtara za gishagi* | *Karibia nikufunze jinsi ya kuishi huku nyumbani* | Come let me show you how to survive here. |
| *Uyo Arif ako na za ovyo* | *Huyo rafiki yako anapenda mzaha.* | Your friend likes jokes! |
|
| *Sepa hii daro juu odijo akimuok, kutatee!* | *Toka humu darasani maana mwalimu akija atakuadhibu!.* | Flee from this class because when the teacher comes you'll be punished! |
| *Gura hiyo chuom, madingo watakuchai.!* | *Koma kupita hiyo njia wezi wapo hapo, watakuibia* | Avoid that path it's laden with thugs who'll steal from you.! |
| *Tangu Kama akanjwe anajiskia skari, sana!* | *Kama alipo pata pesa, alianza kuringa* | After receiving some money Kama became boastful! |
| *Amulia hata dhenga ya nich nijipin, niko kidale, mzing!* | *Ninunulie githeri ya hamsini tafadhali nile nina njaa* | Could you spot me fifty shillings to buy a meal? (a specific meal of boiled maize and beans is mentioned but the actual meaning is the price of what is considered the cheapest item in a food kiosk) |
| *Huu msee ni fala!* | *Huyu mtu ni mjinga.* | This guy's an idiot! |
| *Si unidungie chuani?* | *Unaeza nipa shilingi hamsini?* | Can you please give me fifty shillings? |
| *Acha kubonga mavi mdhii.* | *Acha kuongea vibaya, kaka.* | Stop talking smack, brother. |
| *Udingo ndio maana magidha ako ndani, riba ni alichai Doo ya gova* | *Ufisadi ndio chanzo ya kushtakiwa kwake, mda wote yupo kizimbani Kwa mashtaka ya wizi wa pesa za serikali* | Corruption is the main reason he is in and out of the courts for allegations of embezzlement of government's money" |
| *Ukivuta fegi utajiletea noma.* | *Ukivuta sigara utajiletea shida.* | If you smoke cigarettes you'll get yourself in trouble. |
| *Ule dame amechapa!* | *Yule msichana ana sura mbaya.* | That girl is ugly! |
| *Maisha ni gweng bana.* | *Maisha ni ngumu kaka.* | Life is hard man. |
| *Kuja utugawie hizi njiva.* | *Kuja utugawie hivi vibanzi.* | Come and share your fries with us. |
| *Budake alishikwa na makarao.* | *Babake alikamatwa na polisi.* | His dad was caught by the police. |
| *Aliibiwa mbota na mboch.* | *Aliibiwa saa na mjakazi.* | His watch was stolen by his housegirl. |
| *Aliona magondi akaingiza njeve.* | *Aliona mhuni akahisi woga.* | He got scared when he saw some thugs. |
| *Niko mbioni.* | *Niko na haraka.* | I am in a hurry. |
| *Budake ni mzii.* | *Babake ni mkali.* | His father is tough/bad. |
| *Walibambwa Na masanse, wakikwaria gova kuchocha.* | Walitiwa kizimbani baada ya kulalamikia bei ya vitu kupanda. | They were arrested after protesting the rising cost of basic commodities. |
| *Mokoro aliniwai rwabe nikamchekie ka kwota.* | *Mamangu alinipa shilingi mia mbili nikamnunulie kilo nusu ya nyama.* | My mother gave me 200 shillings to go buy a quarter kilogram of meat. |
| *Alirauka gware ndo asihate mat za kwenda kwao moshatha.* | *Aliamka mapema ili asikose matatu ya kuenda kwao kijijini.* | He woke up early so as not to miss a matatu to his rural home. |

## Additional literature

* Abdulaziz, Mohamed H. and Ken Osinde. 1997. Sheng and Engsh: development of mixed codes among the urban youth in Kenya. *International Journal of the Sociology of Language* 125 (Sociolinguistic Issues in Sub-Saharan Africa), pp. 45–63.
* Barasa, Sandra Nekesa, and Maarten Mous. "Engsh, a Kenyan middle class youth language parallel to Sheng." *Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages* 32, no. 1 (2017): 48-74.
* Beck, Rose Marie. 2015. "Sheng: an urban variety of Swahili in Kenya." *Youth Language Practices in Africa and Beyond*, Nico Nassenstein and Andrea Hollington, (eds.) 51–79. Berlin: de Gruyter.
* Bosire, Mokaya. 2009. What makes a Sheng word unique? Lexical manipulation in mixed languages. In AkinloyeOjo & Lioba Moshi (Eds), *Selected Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference on African Linguistics*, 77–85.
* Bosire, Mokaya. 2006. Hybrid languages: The case of Sheng. In Olaoba F. Arasanyin & Michael A.Pemberton (Eds). *Selected Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference on African Linguistics*, 185–193.
* Erastus, Fridah Kanana, and Ellen Hurst–Harosh. *Rural and urban metaphors in Sheng (Kenya) and Tsotsitaal (South Africa)*. Göttingen: Cuvillier, 2019.
* Fee, D., & Moga, J. 1997. *Sheng dictionary.*Third edition. Nairobi: Ginseng Publishers.
* Fink, Teresa Kathleen. 2005. *Attitudes toward languages in Nairobi*. Diss. University of Pittsburgh.
* Githinji, Peter. 2005. *Sheng and variation: The construction and negotiation of layered identities*. PhD dissertation, Michigan State University.
* Githinji, Peter. 2006. Bazes and Their Shibboleths: Lexical Variation and Sheng Speakers' Identity in Nairobi. *Nordic Journal of African Studies* 15(4): 443–472.
* Githiora, Chege. 2002. Sheng: peer language, Swahili dialect or emerging Creole? *Journal of African Cultural Studies* Volume 15, Number 2, pp. 159–181.
* Githiora, Chege J. *Sheng: rise of a Kenyan Swahili vernacular.* Boydell & Brewer, 2018.
* Kanana Erastus, Fridah, and Hilda Kebeya. "Functions of urban and youth language in the new media: The case of Sheng in Kenya." *African youth languages: New media, performing arts and sociolinguistic development* (2018): 15-52.
* Kang’ethe-Iraki, Frederick. 2004. Cognitive Efficiency: The Sheng phenomenon in Kenya. *Pragmatics* 14(1): 55–68.
* Kariuki, Annah, Fridah Erastus Kanana, and Hildah Kebeya. "The growth and use of Sheng in advertisements in selected businesses in Kenya." *Journal of African Cultural Studies* 27, no. 2 (2015): 229-246.
* Kaviti, Lillian. "From Stigma to Status-Sheng and Engsh in Kenya's Linguistic and Literary Space." *Matatu* 46 (2015): 223ff.
* Kießling, Roland & Maarten Mous. 2004. Urban Youth Languages in Africa. *Anthropological Linguistics* 46(3): 303-341
* King'ei, Kitula, and John Kobia. "Lugha Kama Kitambulisho: Changamoto ya Sheng Nchini Kenya." *Nordic Journal of African Studies* 16, no. 3 (2007).
* Kioko, Eric. "Regional varieties and ‘ethnic’registers of Sheng." *Youth language practices in Africa and beyond* (2015): 119-148.
* Mazrui, Alamin. 1995. Slang and Codeswitching: The case of Sheng in Kenya. *Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere* 42: 168–179.
* Ogechi, Nathan Oyori. 2002. *Trilingual Codeswitching in Kenya – Evidence from Ekegusii, Kiswahili, English and Sheng.* Doctoral dissertation, Universität Hamburg.
* Momanyi, Clara. "The Effects of'Sheng'in the Teaching of Kiswahili in Kenyan Schools." *Journal of Pan African Studies* (2009).
* Mous, Maarten, and Sandra Barasa. "Kenya: Sheng and Engsh." In *Urban Contact Dialects and Language Change*, pp. 105–124. Routledge, 2022.
* Mutiga, Jayne. "Effects of language spread on a people’phenomenology: The case of Sheng’in Kenya." *Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa* 4, no. 1 (2013): 1-15.
* Ogechi, Nathan. 2005. On Lexicalization in Sheng. *Nordic Journal of African Studies* 14(3): 334–355.
* Samper, David. 2002. *Talking Sheng: The role of a Hybrid Language in the Construction of Identity and Youth Culture in Nairobi Kenya*. PhD Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.
* Spyropoulos, Mary. 1987. Sheng: some preliminary investigations into a recently emerged Nairobi street language. *Journal of the Anthropological Society* 18 (1): 125–136.
* Vierke, Clarissa. 2015. "Some remarks on poetic aspects of Sheng." *Global Repertoires and Urban Fluidity. Youth Languages in Africa*, Nico Nassenstein and Andrea Hollington, (eds.) 227–256. Berlin: de Gruyter.

## InfoBox

| Sheng | |
| --- | --- |
| Native to | Kenya |
| Language family | SwahiliEnglish mix |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | (a proposal to use shf was rejected in 2017) |
| *Glottolog* | *None* |
| Guthrie code | `G.40E` |


title: 1939 Belgian Grand Prix

abstract: The 1939 Belgian Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held on 25 June 1939 at Spa-Francorchamps. Richard Seaman crashed into a tree between Clubhouse and La Source hairpin, causing the fuel line to break. Fuel rushed over the car and the car caught fire. Seaman couldn't move because his right hand was broken and he was also trapped by his steering wheel. After a minute of futile rescue attempts, a Belgian soldier walked into the blaze and freed Seaman. However, he had suffered burns on sixty percent of the body and Britain's most successful pre-war driver died before midnight.

text:
# 1939 Belgian Grand Prix

The **1939 Belgian Grand Prix** was a Grand Prix motor race held on 25 June 1939 at Spa-Francorchamps.

Richard Seaman crashed into a tree between Clubhouse and La Source hairpin, causing the fuel line to break. Fuel rushed over the car and the car caught fire. Seaman couldn't move because his right hand was broken and he was also trapped by his steering wheel. After a minute of futile rescue attempts, a Belgian soldier walked into the blaze and freed Seaman. However, he had suffered burns on sixty percent of the body and Britain's most successful pre-war driver died before midnight.

## Classification

| Pos | No | Driver | Team | Car | Laps | Time/Retired | Grid | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 22 | **Hermann Lang** | **Daimler-Benz AG** | **Mercedes-Benz W154** | 35 | 3:20:21.0 | 2 | **1** |
| 2 | 8 | **Rudolf Hasse** | **Auto Union** | **Auto Union D** | 35 | +16.9 | 4 | **2** |
| 3 | 24 | **Manfred von Brauchitsch** | **Daimler-Benz AG** | **Mercedes-Benz W154** | 35 | +1:53.0 | 9 | **3** |
| 4 | 12 | **Raymond Sommer** | Private entry | **Alfa Romeo Tipo 308** | 33 | +2 Laps | 10 | **4** |
| 5 | 14 | **Robert Mazaud** | Private entry | **Delahaye T135CS** | 31 | +4 Laps | 11 | **4** |
| 6 | 18 | **Louis Gérard** | Private entry | **Delahaye T135CS** | 30 | +5 Laps | 12 | **4** |
| Ret | 2 | **Tazio Nuvolari** | **Auto Union** | **Auto Union D** | 28 | Accident damage | 4 | **4** |
| Ret | 6 | **Hermann Paul Müller** | **Auto Union** | **Auto Union D** | 26 | Valve | 1 | **5** |
| Ret | 26 | **Richard Seaman** | **Daimler-Benz AG** | **Mercedes-Benz W154** | 21 | Fatal accident | 5 | **5** |
| Ret | 10 | **Giuseppe Farina** | Private entry | **Alfa Romeo Tipo 316** | 20 | Supercharger | 3 | **5** |
| Ret | 28 | **Adolfo Mandirola** | Private entry | **Maserati 6CM** | 19 | Front Suspension | 13 | **5** |
| Ret | 8 | **Georg Meier** | **Auto Union** | **Auto Union D** | 13 | Accident | 6 | **6** |
| Ret | 20 | **Rudolf Caracciola** | **Daimler-Benz AG** | **Mercedes-Benz W154** | 7 | Accident | 7 | **7** |

## InfoBox

| 1939 Belgian Grand Prix | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Race 1 of 4 in the 1939 European Championship | | | |
|  | | | |
| Race details | | | |
| Date | 25 June 1939 | | |
| Official name | VIII Grand Prix de Belgique | | |
| Location | Spa-Francorchamps<br>Spa, Belgium | | |
| Course | Road course | | |
| Course length | 14.58 km (9.06 miles) | | |
| Distance | 35 laps, 510.30 km (317.08 miles) | | |
| Weather | Heavy rain, intermittent | | |
| Pole position | | | |
| Driver |  | Auto Union |
| **Grid positions set by ballot** | | | |
| Fastest lap | | | |
| Driver | Hermann Lang | Mercedes-Benz |
| Time | 5:19.9 | | |
| Podium | | | |
| First |  | Mercedes-Benz |
| Second |  | Auto Union |
| Third |  | Mercedes-Benz |


title: Black Creek (Genesee River tributary)

abstract: Black Creek is a tributary of the Genesee River that runs for 46 miles (74 km) in western New York, United States. The creek begins in Middlebury in Wyoming County and runs north for roughly the first half of its course and east for the other half, eventually joining the Genesee River in Chili, Monroe County. Its drainage area spans around 202 square miles (520 km⁲), which is largely rural and agricultural. As of 2000, 40,000 residents lived in the creek's drainage area.

text:
# Black Creek (Genesee River tributary)

**Black Creek** is a tributary of the Genesee River that runs for 46 miles (74 km) in western New York, United States. The creek begins in Middlebury in Wyoming County and runs north for roughly the first half of its course and east for the other half, eventually joining the Genesee River in Chili, Monroe County. Its drainage area spans around 202 square miles (520 km2), which is largely rural and agricultural. As of 2000, 40,000 residents lived in the creek's drainage area.

## InfoBox

| Black Creek | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of the mouth of Black Creek in New York | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New York |
| Region | Western New York |
| Counties | Wyoming, Genesee, Monroe |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Middlebury, Wyoming County |
| coordinates | 42°51′40″N 78°06′29″W / 42.86111°N 78.10806°W / 42.86111; -78.10806 |
|  | |
| Mouth | Genesee River |
| location | Henrietta, Monroe County |
| coordinates | 43°05′40″N 77°40′48″W / 43.09444°N 77.68000°W / 43.09444; -77.68000 |
| Basin features | |
| River system | Genesee River |


title: Spilarctia cinnamomea

abstract: Spilarctia cinnamomea is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Rob de Vos and Daawia Suhartawan in 2011. It is found in New Guinea.

text:
# Spilarctia cinnamomea

***Spilarctia cinnamomea*** is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Rob de Vos and Daawia Suhartawan in 2011. It is found in New Guinea.

* Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul. "Search results Family: Arctiidae". *Butterflies and Moths of the World*. Natural History Museum, London.

## InfoBox

| *Spilarctia cinnamomea* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Spilarctia* |
| Species: | ***S. cinnamomea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Spilarctia cinnamomea***<br>(De Vos & Suhartawan, 2011) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Spilosoma cinnamomea* De Vos & Suhartawan, 2011 | |


title: Thomas Clater

abstract: Thomas Clater (1789–1867) was a painter. Clater was the third son of Francis Clater, farrier, of East Retford, Nottinghamshire, and Anne his wife. Thomas Clater was baptised on 9 June 1789 at East Retford. He first exhibited in London in 1819 at the British Institution, sending two pictures, 'Children at a Spring' and 'Puff and Dart, or the Last Shilling—a Provincial Game,’ and at the Royal Academy, to which he sent 'The Game at Put, or the Cheat detected.' In 1820 he exhibited at the Royal Academy a portrait of his brother John Clater, and in 1823 portraits of Mr. C. Warren and of his father Francis Clater; the latter picture was subsequently engraved by Lupton. Clater continued to send many pictures to the Royal Academy, British Institution. Suffolk Street Gallery, and all the principal exhibitions in the country every year up to 1863. In 1843 he was elected a fellow of the Society of British Artists. They were usually of a quietly humorous character, scenes from domestic and provincial life, and executed in a manner based on that of the Dutch genre painters. In the Walker Art Gallery at Liverpool there is a picture by him representing 'A Chief of Gipsies dividing Spoil with his Tribe.' Others which attracted attention were 'The Fortune-Teller Dressing for a Masquerade,’ 'The Morning Lecture,’ 'Christmas in the Country,’ 'Sir Roger de Coverley,’ 'The Music Lesson,’ 'The Smugglers' Cave,’ 'Sunday Morning,’ 'Preparing for the Portrait,’ &c. Clater resided for the latter portion of his life in Chelsea. So prolific a painter as he was is always liable to incur difficulties in disposing of his pictures; Clater was no exception, and as his pictures latterly failed to find purchasers, he became involved in pecuniary troubles, and had to be relieved from the funds of the Royal Academy. He died on 24 February 1867, leaving a family, some of whom also practised painting as a profession. Shortly after his death his widow married Jonathan Peel.

text:
# Thomas Clater

**Thomas Clater** (1789–1867) was a painter.

Clater was the third son of Francis Clater, farrier, of East Retford, Nottinghamshire, and Anne his wife. Thomas Clater was baptised on 9 June 1789 at East Retford.

He first exhibited in London in 1819 at the British Institution, sending two pictures, 'Children at a Spring' and 'Puff and Dart, or the Last Shilling—a Provincial Game,’ and at the Royal Academy, to which he sent 'The Game at Put, or the Cheat detected.' In 1820 he exhibited at the Royal Academy a portrait of his brother John Clater, and in 1823 portraits of Mr. C. Warren and of his father Francis Clater; the latter picture was subsequently engraved by Lupton.

Clater continued to send many pictures to the Royal Academy, British Institution. Suffolk Street Gallery, and all the principal exhibitions in the country every year up to 1863. In 1843 he was elected a fellow of the Society of British Artists. They were usually of a quietly humorous character, scenes from domestic and provincial life, and executed in a manner based on that of the Dutch genre painters. In the Walker Art Gallery at Liverpool there is a picture by him representing 'A Chief of Gipsies dividing Spoil with his Tribe.' Others which attracted attention were 'The Fortune-Teller Dressing for a Masquerade,’ 'The Morning Lecture,’ 'Christmas in the Country,’ 'Sir Roger de Coverley,’ 'The Music Lesson,’ 'The Smugglers' Cave,’ 'Sunday Morning,’ 'Preparing for the Portrait,’ &c. Clater resided for the latter portion of his life in Chelsea.

So prolific a painter as he was is always liable to incur difficulties in disposing of his pictures; Clater was no exception, and as his pictures latterly failed to find purchasers, he became involved in pecuniary troubles, and had to be relieved from the funds of the Royal Academy. He died on 24 February 1867, leaving a family, some of whom also practised painting as a profession. Shortly after his death his widow married Jonathan Peel.

"Clater, Thomas". *Dictionary of National Biography*. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.


title: Utah Attorney General

abstract: The attorney general of Utah is an elected constitutional officer in the executive branch of the state government of Utah. The attorney general is the chief legal officer and legal adviser in the state. The office is elected, with a term of four years.

text:
# Utah Attorney General

The **attorney general of Utah** is an elected constitutional officer in the executive branch of the state government of Utah. The attorney general is the chief legal officer and legal adviser in the state. The office is elected, with a term of four years.

## List of attorneys general

### Deseret (1849)

### Utah Territory (1850–1874)

### State of Utah (1896–present)

| # | Image | Name | Term | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 |  | A. C. Bishop | 1896–1901 | Republican |
| 2 |  | M. A. Breeden | 1901–1909 | Republican |
| 3 |  | A. R. Barnes | 1909–1917 | Republican |
| 4 |  | Dan B. Shields | 1917–1921 | Democratic |
| 5 |  | Harvey H. Cluff | 1921–1929 | Republican |
| 6 |  | George P. Parker | 1929–1933 | Republican |
| 7 |  | Joseph Chez | 1933–1941 | Democratic |
| 8 |  | Grover A. Giles | 1941–1949 | Democratic |
| 9 |  | Clinton D. Vernon | 1949–1953 | Democratic |
| 10 |  | E. R. Callister | 1953–1959 | Republican |
| 11 |  | Walter L. Budge | 1959–1961 | Republican |
| 12 |  | A. Pratt Kessler | 1961–1965 | Republican |
| 13 |  | Phil L. Hansen | 1965–1969 | Democratic |
| 14 |  | Vernon B. Romney | 1969–1977 | Republican |
| 15 |  | Robert B. Hansen | 1977–1981 | Republican |
| 16 |  | David L. Wilkinson | 1981–1989 | Republican |
| 17 |  | Paul Van Dam | 1989–1993 | Democratic |
| 18 |  | Jan Graham | 1993–2001 | Democratic |
| 19 |  | Mark Shurtleff | 2001–2013 | Republican |
| 20 |  | John Swallow | 2013 | Republican |
| 21 |  | Sean Reyes | 2013–present | Republican |

## InfoBox

| Utah Attorney General | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Incumbent
Sean Reyes
since 2013 | |
| Term length | Four years |
| Website | https://attorneygeneral.utah.gov |


title: Leo Cullum

abstract: Leo Aloysius Cullum was an American cartoonist, one of the more frequent contributors to The New Yorker with more than 800 gag cartoons published. He started his drawing career after having served as a pilot in the United States Marine Corps during the Vietnam War and flying planes commercially for Trans World Airlines and American Airlines. Born in Newark, New Jersey, Cullum was raised in North Bergen, New Jersey and earned his undergraduate degree in 1963 from the College of the Holy Cross, where he majored in English. He joined the United States Marine Corps after graduating from college, earning a commission as a second Lieutenant. Upon completion of his flight training in Pensacola, Florida, Cullum deployed to Vietnam, where he flew more than 200 missions, mostly ground attacks in support of the infantry in addition to attacks on the Viet Cong supply lines on the Ho Chi Minh trail in Laos. Though the missions over Laos were not officially acknowledged, Cullum was baffled by the need for secrecy, saying "the North Vietnamese certainly knew it wasn't the Swiss bombing them".

text:
# Leo Cullum

**Leo Aloysius Cullum** (January 11, 1942  October 23, 2010) was an American cartoonist, one of the more frequent contributors to *The New Yorker* with more than 800 gag cartoons published. He started his drawing career after having served as a pilot in the United States Marine Corps during the Vietnam War and flying planes commercially for Trans World Airlines and American Airlines.

Born in Newark, New Jersey, Cullum was raised in North Bergen, New Jersey and earned his undergraduate degree in 1963 from the College of the Holy Cross, where he majored in English. He joined the United States Marine Corps after graduating from college, earning a commission as a second Lieutenant. Upon completion of his flight training in Pensacola, Florida, Cullum deployed to Vietnam, where he flew more than 200 missions, mostly ground attacks in support of the infantry in addition to attacks on the Viet Cong supply lines on the Ho Chi Minh trail in Laos. Though the missions over Laos were not officially acknowledged, Cullum was baffled by the need for secrecy, saying "the North Vietnamese certainly knew it wasn't the Swiss bombing them".

## Early cartoons

After completing his military service, Cullum became a pilot for TWA, which was later taken over by American Airlines, where he worked until his retirement in 2001. In between flights, he started doodling, continuing his early interest in drawing cartoons. He said, "I bought some instructional books which explained the format, and I began studying the work of various cartoonists". He had always hoped to be published in *The New Yorker*, which turned down a series of his early entries. The magazine liked some of Cullum's concepts for cartoons, which were turned over to Charles Addams for illustration, with the first of Cullum's ideas appearing in print in 1975 showing a couple paddling in a canoe with their reflection in the water showing a vision of the man attacking the woman. Addams convinced Cullum to pursue his craft, and his first sale was to *Air Line Pilot Magazine*. He had later cartoons printed in *Argosy*, *Saturday Review* and *Sports Afield*.

## *The New Yorker*

Over his career with *The New Yorker* the magazine published 819 of his cartoons, many of which involved animals. His first successful entry was published on January 3, 1977, and featured a man wearing a robe at an office desk in a room filled with chickens. A cartoon with the caption "This island isn't big enough for two cliches" showed a school of fish attempting to crawl onto the shore of a desert island populated by a man and a lone palm tree. Cartoon editor Bob Mankoff called him "one of the most popular" cartoonists at *The New Yorker* during the 1980s and 1990s and "one of the most consistently funny cartoonists we ever had". Cullum's was the first cartoon included in the first illustrated issue printed after the September 11 attacks, with the caption "I thought I'd never laugh again. Then I saw your jacket." One of his most requested cartoons features a man lecturing a cat with the caption "Never, ever, think outside the box". His final published cartoon appeared in the issue dated October 25, 2010.

## Books

His published books include collections about doctors and birds, with the respective punny titles of *Suture Self* and *Tequila Mockingbird*. Other books featured his cartoons about cats, dogs and business people.

A resident of Malibu, California, Cullum died of cancer at the age of 68 on October 23, 2010, at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. He was survived by his wife, Kathy, a former flight attendant whom he had met on a flight to Boston, as well as by his daughters Kaitlin Cullum and Kimberly Cullum, both of whom had been child actors.

## InfoBox

| Leo Cullum | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Leo Aloysius Cullum
(1942-01-11)January 11, 1942
Newark, New Jersey, USA |
| Died | October 23, 2010(2010-10-23) (aged 68)
Los Angeles, California, USA |
| Nationality | American |
| Area(s) | Cartoonist |