title: Chinese National Geography

abstract: Chinese National Geography is a Chinese monthly magazine similar to the National Geographic Magazine. Founded in 1949 in China, the magazine has revamped itself several times, and is now a popular magazine in mainland China. There is also an edition in traditional Chinese for readers in Hong Kong and Taiwan.

text:
# Chinese National Geography

***Chinese National Geography*** (Chinese: 《中国国家地理》; pinyin: *Zhōngguó Guójiā Dìlǐ*) is a Chinese monthly magazine similar to the *National Geographic Magazine*. Founded in 1949 in China, the magazine has revamped itself several times, and is now a popular magazine in mainland China. There is also an edition in traditional Chinese for readers in Hong Kong and Taiwan.

## History

Founded by a group of teachers with a keen interest in geography in 1949, the original Chinese edition was first published in January 1950 under the name *Dili Zhishi* (*Knowledge of Geography*; Chinese: 《地理知识》). The magazine focused on delivering scientific and geographical concepts. At first only 600 copies were printed, but the publication quickly became popular, and soon 2,000 copies of each volume were being printed.

From August–December 1960, *Dili Zhishi* temporarily stopped publication. It reformed itself and resumed publication in January 1961 under a new name, *Dili* (*Geography*; Chinese: 《地理》). However, this new version was not successful with its readers, and the title was changed back to *Dili Zhishi* in 1966. However, the magazine was forced to stop publication with the Cultural Revolution in China.

Six years later in 1972, the magazine was able to resume publication, and its circulation reached 400,000. Each copy contained 32 pages.

The magazine was printed in color from 1993 onwards. Starting from 1998, the magazine revamped itself to provide more appealing content with the aim of reaching out to more readers both within and outside of China. In 2000 it was renamed *Chinese National Geography*.

## Language editions

The magazine has launched editions in English, Japanese (the Japanese version is now discontinued) and traditional Chinese. According to an interview with publisher Li Shuanke in the May 2009 issue of the English edition, there are plans to launch the magazine in French, German and other languages.

## InfoBox

*Chinese National Geography*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Editor | Li Shuanke (李栓科) |
| Categories | Geography, Science, Culture, History, Archaeology, Society, Nature, Environment, Conservation, Exploration |
| Frequency | Monthly for the Chinese edition; bi-monthly for the international English edition |
| Founded | 1949 |
| First issue | January 1950 |
| Company | Chinese National Geography Press |
| Country | China |
| Language | Chinese (simplified), Chinese (traditional), English |
| Website | (Chinese edition) www.dili360.com<br>(English international edition) www.cngint.com |
| ISSN | 1009-6337 |


abstract: The Chinese National Federation of Industries, established in 1942, is a nonprofit organization composed of about 150 member associations in the manufacturing in the Republic of China (Taiwan). Each member association represents their respective field of manufacturing industry. More than 100,000 industrial companies in Taiwan are represented by their associations. The CNFI serves as a forum for views and opinions of the country’s industrial sector that has been aiming at upgrading and promoting the economic development of Taiwan.

text:
# Chinese National Federation of Industries

The **Chinese National Federation of Industries** (**CNFI**; Chinese: 中華民國全國工業總會; pinyin: *Zhōnghuá Mínguó Quánguó Gōngyè Zǒng Huì*), established in 1942 (known as the *Chinese National Association of Industries* before 1948), is a nonprofit organization composed of about 150 member associations in the manufacturing in the Republic of China (Taiwan). Each member association represents their respective field of manufacturing industry. More than 100,000 industrial companies in Taiwan are represented by their associations. The CNFI serves as a forum for views and opinions of the country’s industrial sector that has been aiming at upgrading and promoting the economic development of Taiwan.


title: Chinakakani

abstract: Chinakakani is a village in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Mangalagiri mandal part of Mangalagiri Tadepalle Municipal Corporation part of Guntur revenue division.

text:
# Chinakakani

**Chinakakani** is a village in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Mangalagiri mandal part of Mangalagiri Tadepalle Municipal Corporation part of Guntur revenue division.

## Geography

Chinakakani is situated to the south of the mandal headquarters, Mangalagiri, at 16°24′16″N 80°33′28″E / 16.404570°N 80.557907°E / 16.404570; 80.557907. It is spread over an area of 1,083 ha (2,680 acres).

## Demographics

As of 2011 census, Chinakakani had a population of 7,040. The total population constitutes 3,561 males and 3,479 females —a sex ratio of 977 females per 1000 males. 748 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 389 are boys and 359 are girls —a ratio of 923 per 1000. The average literacy rate stands at 69.68% with 4,384 literates.

## Governance

Chinakakani gram panchayat is the local self-government of the village. It is divided into wards and each ward is represented by a ward member. The village forms a part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region and is under the jurisdiction of APCRDA.

## Education

As per the school information report for the academic year 2018–19, the village has a total of 5 schools. These include 3 Zilla Parishad/MPP and 2 private schools.

## Transport

The National Highway 16 passes through the village, which connects Chennai and Kolkata. APS RTC operates bus services from Vijayawada, Guntur and Mangalagiri to this village.

## InfoBox

| Chinakakani | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Chinakakani sign board on NH–16, Guntur district | |
| Dynamic map | |
| ChinakakaniLocation in Andhra Pradesh, India | |
| Coordinates: 16°24′16″N 80°33′28″E / 16.404570°N 80.557907°E / 16.404570; 80.557907 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| District | Guntur |
| Mandal | Mangalagiri |
| Government | |
| Type | Panchayati raj |
| Body | Chinakakani gram panchayat |
| Area | |
| Total | 1,083 ha (2,676 acres) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 7,040 |
| Density | 650/km2 (1,700/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Telugu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 522615 |
| Area code | +91–863 |
| Vehicle registration | AP |


abstract: The Chignecto-Central Regional Centre for Education is a Canadian public school district in Nova Scotia.

text:
# Chignecto-Central Regional Centre for Education

The **Chignecto-Central Regional Centre for Education** is a Canadian public school district in Nova Scotia.

## History

CCRCE (originally CCRSB) was founded in 1996 under an Order in Council passed by the Executive Council of Nova Scotia pursuant to the "Designation of School Regions and Establishment of School Boards Regulations" made under Section 7 of the *Education Act* S.N.S. 1995-96, c. 1. This Order in Council created CCRCE (originally CCRSB) and dissolved the following entities:

* Cumberland District School Board
* Colchester-East Hants District School Board
* Pictou District School Board

Each of these were formed in the 1980s from municipal school boards. For example, the Colchester-East Hants District School Board was created from the Truro School Board, the Stewiacke School Board, the Colchester County School Board, and the East Hants District School Board.

### 2018 Dissolution

On January 23, 2018 education consultant Avis Glaze presented a report on the province's school system to government that included the recommendation that the seven elected regional school boards become regional education offices overseen by appointed provincial advisory council. On January 24, 2018, the provincial government announced it accepted the recommendation and the Halifax Regional School Board and six other school boards would be dissolved though no date for dissolution was then announced. The elected school board was dissolved on March 31, 2018.

## Operational organization

CCRCE is operationally organized along county lines into regions that are termed "families of schools":

## List of schools

### Celtic Region

Family of Schools Supervisor (FOSS) - Blair MacDonald

### Chignecto Region

Family of Schools Supervisor (FOSS) - Vernon Taylor

### Cobequid Region

Family of Schools Supervisor (FOSS) - Marilyn Bruce

### Nova Region

Family of Schools Supervisor (FOSS) - Sharlene Whelan

1. "Report recommends scrapping most N.S. school boards, says system isn't working". Global Television. June 23, 2018.
2. "Nova Scotia to dissolve elected school boards in favour of advisory council". Global Television. June 23, 2018.

## InfoBox

| Chignecto-Central Regional Centre for Education | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Truro, Nova Scotia Canada | |
| District information | |
| Regional Executive Director of Education | Karyn Cooling |
| Schools | 65 |
| Budget | CA$268.7 million (2021-2022) |
| Students and staff | |
| Students | 18,460 (2020-21) |
| Staff | ≈2700 |
| Other information | |
| Mission Statement | We create engaging learning experiences in inclusive environments that support each student’s well-being and social emotional development. |
| Website | www.ccrce.ca |


title: Chignik, Alaska

abstract: Chignik is a city in Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska, United States. It is two hundred and fifty miles southwest of Kodiak. At the 2020 census the population was 97, up from 91 in 2010.

text:
# Chignik, Alaska

**Chignik** (Alutiiq: *Cirniq*) is a city in Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska, United States. It is two hundred and fifty miles southwest of Kodiak. At the 2020 census the population was 97, up from 91 in 2010.

## History

On April 17, 1911, a gale blew ashore numerous ships such as the *Benjamin F. Packard*, the *Star of Alaska*, and the *Jabez Howes*, a three-masted, full-rigged ship owned by the Columbia River Packers Association and used as a cannery tender.

## Geography

Chignik is located at 56°17′54″N 158°24′16″W / 56.29833°N 158.40444°W / 56.29833; -158.40444 (56.298297, −158.404402).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 16 square miles (41 km2), 12 sq mi (31 km2) of it is land and 4 sq mi (10 km2) is water.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1940 | 224 |  |  |
| 1950 | 253 |  | 12.9% |
| 1960 | 99 |  | −60.9% |
| 1970 | 83 |  | −16.2% |
| 1980 | 178 |  | 114.5% |
| 1990 | 188 |  | 5.6% |
| 2000 | 79 |  | −58.0% |
| 2010 | 91 |  | 15.2% |
| 2020 | 97 |  | 6.6% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

Chignik first appeared on the 1940 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village, although it was preceded by "Chignik Bay", which may have included the village and canneries in the surrounding area, including Chignik Lagoon. Chignik Bay reported a population of 193 in 1890 (which was majority Asian (121), with 66 White residents, 5 Native Alaskans & 1 Other). It did not report again until 1910 when it had a total of 566 residents, which made it the 13th largest community in the territory of Alaska. This was the last time it appeared on the census until Chignik in 1940.

As of the census of 2000, there were 79 people, 29 households, and 20 families residing in the city. The population density was 7 per square mile (3/km2). There were 80 housing units at an average density of 7 per square mile (3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 32% white, 61% Native American, 3% Asian, 3% Pacific Islander, 1% from other races, and 1% from two or more races. 1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 29 households; 11 had children under the age of 18 living with them, 19 were married couples living together, 2 had a female householder with no husband present, and 8 were non-families. Seven households were individuals, and 10 consisted of a sole occupant 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.7 and the average family size was 3.3.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 25% under the age of 18, 14% from 18 to 24, 33% from 25 to 44, 23% from 45 to 64, and 5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 114 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $34,000, and the median income for a family was $51,000. The male and female median incomes were equal, at $31,250. The per capita income for Chignik was $16,000. 5% of the population lived below the poverty line; none were under 18 or over 64 years old.

## Notable people

## Climate

The climate present in Chignik is a typical subarctic climate (Köppen: *Dfc*), however it is mild when compared to other Alaskan towns with this climate type, for example Fairbanks or Fort Yukon.

| Climate data for Chignik, Alaska | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 48
(9) | 48
(9) | 50
(10) | 56
(13) | 69
(21) | 72
(22) | 76
(24) | 76
(24) | 75
(24) | 63
(17) | 57
(14) | 55
(13) | 76
(24) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 31.1
(−0.5) | 32.5
(0.3) | 34.7
(1.5) | 39.5
(4.2) | 46.4
(8.0) | 54.9
(12.7) | 61.0
(16.1) | 60.8
(16.0) | 54.9
(12.7) | 45.4
(7.4) | 38.4
(3.6) | 34.0
(1.1) | 44.5
(6.9) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 25.4
(−3.7) | 26.8
(−2.9) | 29.0
(−1.7) | 33.8
(1.0) | 40.7
(4.8) | 48.1
(8.9) | 53.6
(12.0) | 53.7
(12.1) | 48.1
(8.9) | 39.7
(4.3) | 33.1
(0.6) | 28.7
(−1.8) | 38.4
(3.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 19.8
(−6.8) | 21.1
(−6.1) | 23.3
(−4.8) | 28.1
(−2.2) | 34.9
(1.6) | 41.2
(5.1) | 46.1
(7.8) | 46.6
(8.1) | 41.3
(5.2) | 34.0
(1.1) | 27.7
(−2.4) | 23.6
(−4.7) | 32.3
(0.2) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −12
(−24) | −9
(−23) | −10
(−23) | 5
(−15) | 15
(−9) | 21
(−6) | 31
(−1) | 33
(1) | 27
(−3) | 14
(−10) | −3
(−19) | −5
(−21) | −12
(−24) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 5.88
(149) | 7.61
(193) | 6.90
(175) | 4.87
(124) | 6.74
(171) | 6.02
(153) | 4.31
(109) | 5.08
(129) | 9.74
(247) | 8.83
(224) | 10.06
(256) | 7.22
(183) | 83.27
(2,115) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 7.5
(19) | 14.6
(37) | 6.5
(17) | 6.7
(17) | 0.9
(2.3) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 0.5
(1.3) | 5.2
(13) | 4.5
(11) | 46.3
(118) |
| Source: WRCC | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Chignik, Alaska Cirniq | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Chignik from above | |
| ChignikLocation in Alaska | |
| Coordinates: 56°17′54″N 158°24′16″W / 56.29833°N 158.40444°W / 56.29833; -158.40444 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Alaska |
| Borough | Lake and Peninsula |
| Incorporated | May 16, 1983 |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Robert Carpenter |
| State senator | Lyman Hoffman () |
| State rep. | Bryce Edgmon () |
| Area | |
| Total | 15.85 sq mi (41.06 km2) |
| Land | 10.95 sq mi (28.35 km2) |
| Water | 4.91 sq mi (12.70 km2) |
| Elevation | 0 ft (0 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 97 |
| Density | 8.86/sq mi (3.42/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-9 (Alaska (AKST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-8 (AKDT) |
| ZIP codes | 99548, 99564 |
| Area code | 907 |
| FIPS code | 02-13550 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1400269 |


title: Chinatowns in Australia

abstract: Chinatowns in Australia is a term used to describe major Chinese ethnic enclaves in Australia, especially those that claim to retain a strong Chinese cultural identity and a strong relationship with China. Chinatowns exist in most Australian states and territories, especially in the highly-populous and cosmopolitan capital cities but also in rural areas. Many large present-day Chinatowns in Australia have developed out of smaller historical Chinese settlements in Australia dating back to the 19th century. Chinese people first immigrated to Australia in large waves in the midst of the Australian gold rushes. Many of these people subsequently chose to return to China or were forcefully deported from Australia. The first known Chinese Australian was John Shying, who immigrated to Australia in 1818. Australia has seen significant waves of Chinese and Overseas Chinese immigration for several decades since the 1970s, which was roughly when the White Australia policy was completely dismantled. Australia is a popular destination for Chinese emigrants because of its high standards of living and relatively close geographic proximity to China, as well as because the Chinese Australian community is already well-established. The Chinese government, Chinese companies, and Chinese organisations also have strong interests in Australia and can provide an extensive support network for Chinese immigrants to Australia. Because China restricted emigration up until 1983, prior to this year, most Chinese people came to Australia from Hong Kong, either as native Hongkongers or as Mainland Chinese passing through Hong Kong. Up until 1983, the largest Mainland Chinese immigrant community in Australia has consistently been the Cantonese Australian community, originating from Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province; both Guangzhou and Guangdong are commonly known as "Canton" in the English language. Most people in Hong Kong are descended from Guangzhou City and identify as Cantonese. Cantonese people living overseas are most easily recognisable by their usage of the Cantonese language, which belongs to the Chinese (Sinitic) language family. In the present day, the collective Chinese Australian community consists of Chinese people originating from a variety of countries. The largest community of Chinese people in Australia is the Mainland Chinese, largely due to the fact that many Mainland Chinese have been temporarily living in Australia throughout the past few decades in order to attend Australian universities. In Australian censuses, Hong Kong-born, Macau-born, and Taiwan-born people are recorded separately; Hong Kongese and Taiwanese people constitute some significant ethnic Chinese communities in Australia. There are also many Overseas Chinese people in Australia, mostly from Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

text:
# Chinatowns in Australia

**Chinatowns in Australia** is a term used to describe major Chinese ethnic enclaves in Australia, especially those that claim to retain a strong Chinese cultural identity and a strong relationship with China. Chinatowns exist in most Australian states and territories, especially in the highly-populous and cosmopolitan capital cities but also in rural areas. Many large present-day Chinatowns in Australia have developed out of smaller historical Chinese settlements in Australia dating back to the 19th century. Chinese people first immigrated to Australia in large waves in the midst of the Australian gold rushes (beginning during the 1850s). Many of these people subsequently chose to return to China or were forcefully deported from Australia. The first known Chinese Australian was John Shying, who immigrated to Australia in 1818.

Australia has seen significant waves of Chinese and Overseas Chinese immigration for several decades since the 1970s, which was roughly when the White Australia policy (a white nationalist Australian ethnic policy that heavily restricted Asian immigration from 1901 until 1973) was completely dismantled. Australia is a popular destination for Chinese emigrants because of its high standards of living and relatively close geographic proximity to China, as well as because the Chinese Australian community is already well-established. The Chinese government, Chinese companies, and Chinese organisations also have strong interests in Australia and can provide an extensive support network for Chinese immigrants to Australia.

Because China restricted emigration up until 1983, prior to this year, most Chinese people came to Australia from Hong Kong (then a British colony, now a Chinese SAR), either as native Hongkongers or as Mainland Chinese passing through Hong Kong. Up until 1983, the largest Mainland Chinese immigrant community in Australia has consistently been the Cantonese Australian community, originating from Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province; both Guangzhou and Guangdong are commonly known as "Canton" in the English language. Most people in Hong Kong are descended from Guangzhou City (whether recently or distantly) and identify as Cantonese. Cantonese people living overseas are most easily recognisable by their usage of the Cantonese language, which belongs to the Chinese (Sinitic) language family.

In the present day, the collective Chinese Australian community consists of Chinese people originating from a variety of countries. The largest community of Chinese people in Australia is the Mainland Chinese, largely due to the fact that many Mainland Chinese have been temporarily living in Australia throughout the past few decades in order to attend Australian universities. In Australian censuses, Hong Kong-born, Macau-born, and Taiwan-born people are recorded separately; Hong Kongese and Taiwanese people constitute some significant ethnic Chinese communities in Australia. There are also many Overseas Chinese people in Australia, mostly from Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

## Australian Capital Territory

A contemporary Chinatown exists at Woolley Street in the Dickson Centre. The Chinatown has become established fairly recently as a restaurant precinct.

## New South Wales

### Sydney

Sydney's Chinatown is the third area to bear that name. Originally in The Rocks area of Sydney, it later moved to the area near Market Street at Darling Harbour and finally to its current location in Haymarket, around parallel streets Dixon Street and Sussex Street. This Chinatown hosts various Chinese cultural activities such as the Chinese Youth League of Australia and Catholic Mass in Cantonese at the St Peter Julian's Church.

Other suburban Chinatowns have cropped up over the years in the suburbs of Ashfield, Auburn, Burwood, Cabramatta, Campsie, Chatswood, Eastwood, Parramatta, Hurstville, Kingsford, Marrickville, Wolli Creek, Zetland adjoining Waterloo on Gadigal Avenue and most recently around Mascot railway station

### Newcastle

Beaumont Street in Hamilton temporarily turns into a Chinatown for a week for Newcastle China Week, which starts yearly on 24 September. Although no permanent ones exist in the large city, many Asian supermarkets and restaurants are found around the area and the Hunter Valley. Plus, a large ethnic cluster of Chinese immigrants and citizens live in the city.

## Victoria

### Ballarat

An extensive historical Chinatown existed in Golden Point, a district of the city of the gold field city Ballarat While the settlement no longer exists, it is remembered at nearby Sovereign Hill.

### Bendigo

Several Chinatowns were established in Bendigo during the Victorian Gold Rush of the 1850s and 1860s. These were the Chinese camps, of which there were seven established. The Ironbark camp in North Bendigo became the most prominent in the 1850s and 1860s. It continued to be the centre of Chinese life in Bendigo until it was ravaged by fire for a second time in 1911. A Joss House, one of Victoria's oldest, is the only thing remaining on the site. After the fire at the Ironbark camp, those Chinese still in Bendigo moved their operations to Bridge Street, nearer the centre of Bendigo. This Chinatown survived until 1964 when the council cited its declining use and dilapidated state as reasons for its demolition. A car park was put in its place. In 1991 the Bridge St Chinatown became the site of the Golden Dragon Museum which includes many relics from the city's Chinese heritage.

### Castlemaine

A historic Chinatown existed in Castlemaine during the Victorian Gold Rush in the 1860s near the corner of Mostyn and Union streets (current site of the Albion Hotel) which included as many as five Joss Houses and a Chinese Mission Chapel.

### Creswick

A historical Chinatown existed in Creswick during the Victorian Gold Rush in the 1850s. The settlement was depicted in Watercolor paintings artists by Burkitt (1855) and Norman Lindsay (1894).

### Melbourne

Melbourne's Chinatown is in Little Bourke Street. It is notable as the oldest Chinatown in Australia, the oldest continuous Chinese settlement in Australia, and the longest continuously running Chinatown outside of Asia. Suburban Chinese communities, of a mostly Cantonese culture, are in Box Hill, Doncaster, Glen Waverley and Springvale. Melbourne's Chinatown boasts some world-famous cuisine, Flower Drum for example was voted as one of the best Chinese restaurants in the world by the *New York Times*. It was also the location where the Dim Sim, a popular Chinese-Australian snackfood commonly served in takeaway outlets throughout the country, was first invented by William Wing Young, at his restaurant *Wing Lee*, in 1945. Gift shops and souvenir shops also make up a large proportion of businesses. Melbourne Chinatown also houses the world's longest annually paraded Chinese dragon in the Melbourne Chinese Museum. This record is believed to have been held by the city since 1978 when the original *Dai Loong* dragon was commissioned, which was also the first Chinese dragon built in China since 1948. It was 92 metres long, had 6160 scales on its body and was initially paraded with a procession involving over 200 participants. In 2003, it was replaced with a new dragon, the Millennium Dragon, which was deliberately crafted in order to retain the record, and required 8 people to hold its head up. This later dragon is also locally known as Dai Loong, as some parts of the original 1978 dragon were reconditioned for use in the new dragon.

## Queensland

### Atherton

The Chinatown in Atherton is a heritage-listed settlement. It was built from 1880s to 1920s. It is also known as Cedar Camp. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register in 1992.

### Brisbane

The Chinatown of Brisbane is located in the suburb of Fortitude Valley, complete with its own Chinese gateway. Located near the Story Bridge, Chinatown is very popular for Australians too.

### Gold Coast

A Chinatown on the Gold Coast is proposed for Southport. The proposed design includes three Peifang gates (arches) at each of the three entrances to Davenport and Young Streets.

Chinatown Gold Coast The Chinatown precinct is an integral part of the revitalisation of Southport as an international CBD for the Gold Coast. Chinatown is being developed in partnership with the community, private sector and government. It will offer an authentic Asian experience and create a unique destination on the light rail corridor in the heart of the CBD.

This modern Chinatown is focused on Young and Davenport streets in Southport. It will be a place for the Gold Coast to celebrate its diversity through culture, design, people and food. Chinatown will be an exciting mix of restaurants, cultural festivals and boutique; a place of cultural indulgence and celebration.

A four-metre-high (13 ft) statue of Confucius was unveiled and soon, three paifangs - traditional Chinese gateways - will mark the entries to the precinct.

## South Australia

### Adelaide

Adelaide's Chinatown is located in the Adelaide Central Markets precinct, on Moonta Street, between Grote and Gouger streets. Two impressive *Paifang* mark the entrances at either end. Adelaide China Town consists mainly of oriental restaurants, grocery stores and markets.

## Northern Territory

### Darwin

The first Chinatown in Darwin existed in the 1880s. A new synthetic Chinatown of Darwin, Northern Territory is in development and it is to be finished in 2010 at a cost of A$90 million.

## Western Australia

### Broome

After Broome was established, a Chinatown area emerged as the town became home to a large Asian population in the late 19th century.

### Perth

Perth has a Chinatown on Roe Street in the inner-city suburb of Northbridge. There are many more Asian businesses found on William Street, Northbridge than at the official Chinatown. Historically many Chinese (usually of Malaysian, Singaporean or Indonesian background) settled in Northbridge alongside other immigrant groups. The city's low density population and comparatively cheap property encourages migrants to move to the expanding suburbs. Asian students often chose to live in suburbs near universities, such as Bentley, Murdoch and Nedlands.

## InfoBox

| Chinatown | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Melbourne Chinatown | |
| Chinese | 唐人街 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Tángrénjiē | |
| Alternative Chinese name | |
| Traditional Chinese | 中國城 |
| Simplified Chinese | 中国城 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Zhōngguóchéng | |
| Second alternative Chinese name | |
| Traditional Chinese | 華埠 |
| Simplified Chinese | 华埠 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Huábù | |
|  | |


title: Sofular, Zonguldak

abstract: Sofular is a village in Zonguldak District, Zonguldak Province, Turkey. Its population is 355 (2022).

text:
# Sofular, Zonguldak

**Sofular** is a village in Zonguldak District, Zonguldak Province, Turkey. Its population is 355 (2022).

## InfoBox

| Sofular | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| SofularLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 41°25′47″N 31°56′29″E / 41.42972°N 31.94139°E / 41.42972; 31.94139 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Zonguldak |
| District | Zonguldak |
| Population (2022) | 355 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


abstract: Solidarity for LGBT Human Rights of Korea is an LGBT rights and counselling organization created on September 9, 1997 in Seoul, South Korea. The current representative of the organization is Kwak Yi-kyong. Former representatives of the group were Jeong Yol and Chang Byongkeon. The group was first created as a students' LGBT club named the University Students' LGBT Human Rights Association, which was later expanded to include comprehensive LGBT's human rights and counseling groups the next years. On 1 March 2015, the Solidarity for LGBT Human Rights of Korea reorganized to become the Solidarity for LGBT Human Rights of Korea. In 2013, the organization created the Yookwoodang Literary Award, given to Korean LGBT works of various genres, including poetry, fiction, and essays. The award was named in honor of Yun Hyon-seok, a gay rights activist and poet who used the pen name "Yook Woo Dang".

text:
# Solidarity for LGBT Human Rights of Korea

| Solidarity for LGBT Human Rights of Korea | |
| --- | --- |
| Hangul | 행동하는 성소수자 인권연대 |
| Hanja | 行動하는 姓少數者 人權連帶 |
| Revised Romanization | *Haengdonghaneun Seongsosuja In-gwonyeondae* |
| McCune–Reischauer | *Haengdonghanŭn Sŏngsosjucha In'gwŏnyŏndae* |

**Solidarity for LGBT Human Rights of Korea** (Korean: 행동하는 성소수자 인권연대; SLRK) is an LGBT rights and counselling organization created on September 9, 1997 in Seoul, South Korea. The current representative of the organization is Kwak Yi-kyong. Former representatives of the group were Jeong Yol and Chang Byongkeon.

The group was first created as a students' LGBT club named the **University Students' LGBT Human Rights Association** (Korean: 대학생동성애자인권연합; Hanja: 大學生同性愛者人權聯合; literally *Union for University Students' Homosexual Rights*), which was later expanded to include comprehensive LGBT's human rights and counseling groups the next years.

On 1 March 2015, the Solidarity for LGBT Human Rights of Korea (Korean: 동성애자 인권연대; Hanja: 同性愛者人權連帶; RR: *Dongseonaeja Ingwonyeondae*; literally *Solidarity for Homosexual Rights*) reorganized to become the Solidarity for LGBT Human Rights of Korea (Korean: 행동하는 성소수자 인권연대; literally *Active Solidarity for Sexual Minority Rights*).

In 2013, the organization created the Yookwoodang Literary Award, given to Korean LGBT works of various genres, including poetry, fiction, and essays. The award was named in honor of Yun Hyon-seok, a gay rights activist and poet who used the pen name "Yook Woo Dang".

## InfoBox

Solidarity for LGBT Human Rights of Korea
| 행동하는 성소수자 인권연대 | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded at | Seoul, Korea |
| Leader | Kwak Yi-kyong |
| Website | http://lgbtpride.or.kr/ |


title: Chima, Santander

abstract: Chima is a town and municipality in the Santander Department of northeastern Colombia.

text:
# Chima, Santander

**Chima** is a town and municipality in the Santander Department of northeastern Colombia.

## Climate

| Climate data for Chima (1991–2020) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.06
(87.91) | 31.6
(88.9) | 31.11
(88.00) | 30.64
(87.15) | 30.21
(86.38) | 30.15
(86.27) | 30.28
(86.50) | 30.54
(86.97) | 30.41
(86.74) | 29.99
(85.98) | 29.71
(85.48) | 30.32
(86.58) | 30.5
(86.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.13
(75.43) | 24.33
(75.79) | 24.21
(75.58) | 24.02
(75.24) | 23.97
(75.15) | 23.9
(75.0) | 23.8
(74.8) | 23.89
(75.00) | 23.89
(75.00) | 23.81
(74.86) | 23.83
(74.89) | 24.08
(75.34) | 23.99
(75.18) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 17.85
(64.13) | 18.13
(64.63) | 18.25
(64.85) | 18.52
(65.34) | 18.62
(65.52) | 18.31
(64.96) | 17.88
(64.18) | 17.75
(63.95) | 17.95
(64.31) | 18.27
(64.89) | 18.55
(65.39) | 18.37
(65.07) | 18.2
(64.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 95.28
(3.75) | 155.4
(6.12) | 268.74
(10.58) | 347.36
(13.68) | 367.01
(14.45) | 191.87
(7.55) | 220.31
(8.67) | 247.06
(9.73) | 294.37
(11.59) | 352.1
(13.86) | 300.38
(11.83) | 166.94
(6.57) | 3,006.82
(118.38) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 8.4 | 10.64 | 16.8 | 19.63 | 20.37 | 16.03 | 16.93 | 18.59 | 19.14 | 20.33 | 17.85 | 10.65 | 195.35 |
| Source: NOAA | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

6°21′03″N 73°22′16″W / 6.35078°N 73.37116°W / 6.35078; -73.37116

## InfoBox

| Chima (town) | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality and town | |
|  | |
| Location of the municipality and town of Chima (town) in the Santander Department of Colombia. | |
| Country | Colombia |
| Department | Santander Department |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Colombia Standard Time) |


title: Solomys

abstract:
Solomys is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae. These large rats, which are all seriously threatened, are native to the Solomon Islands. It contains the following species:
  - Poncelet's giant rat
  - Florida naked-tailed rat
  - Bougainville naked-tailed rat
  - Isabel naked-tailed rat
  - Buka Island naked-tailed rat – extinct, known only from subfossil remains.

text:
# Solomys

***Solomys*** is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae. These large rats, which are all seriously threatened (one already extinct), are native to the Solomon Islands.

It contains the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Solomys* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Family: | Muridae |
| Subfamily: | Murinae |
| Tribe: | Hydromyini |
| Genus: | *Solomys*
Thomas, 1922 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Uromys sapientis*
 | |
| Species | |
|  | |


title: China Hat (Oregon)

abstract: China Hat is a volcanic butte on the southeastern flank of Newberry Volcano in Deschutes County, Oregon, United States. It is a rhyolitic dome dating from the age of the Middle Pleistocene. Both China Hat and nearby East Butte are covered by Mazama Ash and Newberry Ash. Although China Hat is often thought of as a side vent of Newberry Volcano less than ten miles away, it is estimated to be older than first formation of the Newberry Caldera, 780,000 thousand years old versus 500,000 years ago and is on the western edge of a series of high lava plains eruptions derived from a tongue of the same mantle plume that fuels the Yellowstone Caldera China Hat Road, named after the butte, starts in Bend and heads to Fort Rock. The road is a hotspot for law enforcement. China Hat Campground is a campground located near China Hat butte along this road. The butte was named for its similarity in appearance, when viewed from Fort Rock, to the Asian conical hat worn by Chinese immigrant laborers.

text:
# China Hat (Oregon)

**China Hat** is a volcanic butte on the southeastern flank of Newberry Volcano in Deschutes County, Oregon, United States. It is a rhyolitic dome dating from the age of the Middle Pleistocene. Both China Hat and nearby East Butte are covered by Mazama Ash and Newberry Ash.

Although China Hat is often thought of as a side vent of Newberry Volcano less than ten miles away, it is estimated to be older than first formation of the Newberry Caldera, 780,000 thousand years old versus 500,000 years ago and is on the western edge of a series of high lava plains eruptions derived from a tongue of the same mantle plume that fuels the Yellowstone Caldera

China Hat Road, named after the butte, starts in Bend and heads to Fort Rock. The road is a hotspot for law enforcement. China Hat Campground is a campground located near China Hat butte along this road.

The butte was named for its similarity in appearance, when viewed from Fort Rock, to the Asian conical hat worn by Chinese immigrant laborers.

## InfoBox

| China Hat | |
| --- | --- |
| China Hat | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 6,573 |
| Coordinates | 43°40′51″N 121°02′02″W / 43.680874°N 121.033844°W / 43.680874; -121.033844 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Deschutes, Oregon, U.S. |
| Parent range | Cascade Range |
| Topo map | USGS China Hat |
| Geology | |
| Age of rock | 6.3 - 7.4 Ma |
| Mountain type | Pyroclastic cone |
| Volcanic arc | Cascade Volcanic Arc |
| Last eruption | Pleistocene |


title: The Thornthwaite Inheritance

abstract: The Thornthwaite Inheritance is a children's macabre crime novel by British author Gareth P. Jones. It was published in 2009.

text:
# The Thornthwaite Inheritance

***The Thornthwaite Inheritance*** is a children's macabre crime novel by British author Gareth P. Jones. It was published in 2009.

## Plot summary

Ovid and Lorelli Thornthwaite are thirteen-year-old twins and they are very unusual. They wear only black, eat only bland food, listen and play only sombre music and have no electric appliances other than light bulbs in their house. But what is even stranger is their desire to kill each other! When Lorelli and Ovid create a truce on their 13th birthday, Lorelli brings a lawyer into the house to add to their deceased parents' will. If one of the twins kills the other before their 16th birthday, the day in which they inherit half of the Thornthwaite's massive inheritance, the other will immediately be cut out of the will. But bizarre murder attempts continue to be made, and the twins, though deeply suspicious of each other, work together to uncover the explanation. The book ends with the twins promising to discontinue trying to kill each other, and hoping that they have a better life, after they have discovered the culprit who got killed by a contraption designed to kill the twins.

## Critical reception

The story was quite well received by critics. It won the Doncaster Book Award, and also the Rotherham Book Award. *The Times* said that the book is "surely material for a film". Books for Keeps noted its similarity to Lemony Snicket's *A Series of Unfortunate Events* but thought it was less repetitive and manipulative towards the reader. The Bookbag praised the likeable characters, but noted the excessive use of plot twists, and thought that the style of writing was dull.

## Adaptations

A brilliant musical based on the book premiered at the Erindale Theatre in Canberra, Australia, 13–18 September 2020, with script, production and direction by Shaylie Maskell, and music written and conducted by Caleb Wells, for new Canberra theatre company Green Oak Theatre Company.


title: ESP Tom Araya (bass)

abstract: ESP Tom Araya is an electric bass guitar model distributed by ESP Guitars, as customized by Chilean-American musician Tom Araya. Araya originally discovered ESP when his Slayer bandmates Jeff Hanneman and Kerry King used the company's guitars; the former had his own signature model. He was approached by ESP, who wanted to also make him a signature bass. Araya approved under the condition the bass he plays is the same a fan could purchase at a music store. He wanted the lower-price models to be similar in quality to the high-end models, reasoning "not all the fans can afford a bass that costs an arm and a leg". As of November 2018, ESP has three Araya basses, the top model's list price is $4,499 while the others are $999 and $499. Among other customization features, Araya wanted the bass to have an unusually thin neck which he prefers to accommodate his playing style.

text:
# ESP Tom Araya (bass)

***ESP Tom Araya*** is an electric bass guitar model distributed by ESP Guitars, as customized by Chilean-American musician Tom Araya.

Araya originally discovered ESP when his Slayer bandmates Jeff Hanneman and Kerry King used the company's guitars; the former had his own signature model. He was approached by ESP, who wanted to also make him a signature bass. Araya approved under the condition the bass he plays is the same a fan could purchase at a music store. He wanted the lower-price models to be similar in quality to the high-end models, reasoning "not all the fans can afford a bass that costs an arm and a leg". As of November 2018, ESP has three Araya basses, the top model's list price is $4,499 while the others are $999 and $499.

Among other customization features, Araya wanted the bass to have an unusually thin neck which he prefers to accommodate his playing style.

## InfoBox

| ESP Tom Araya | |
| --- | --- |
| Manufacturer | ESP |
| Period | 2003-Present |
| Construction | |
| Body type | Solid |
| Neck joint | Neck-thru |
| Woods | |
| Body | Alder |
| Neck | 3-piece Maple |
| Fretboard | Ebony |
| Hardware | |
| Bridge | Gotoh 206B-4 |
| Pickup(s) | 2 EMG 35-DC |
| Colors available | |
| Black | |


title: City of Caulfield

abstract: The City of Caulfield was a local government area about 10 kilometres (6 mi) southeast of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. The city covered an area of 21.97 square kilometres (8.48 sq mi), and existed from 1857 until 1994.

text:
# City of Caulfield

The **City of Caulfield** was a local government area about 10 kilometres (6 mi) southeast of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. The city covered an area of 21.97 square kilometres (8.48 sq mi), and existed from 1857 until 1994.

## History

Caulfield was incorporated as a road district on 15 October 1857, with the first Caulfield Roads Board elected in November 1857. It had control over the roads in an area bounded by Warrigal Road, Hotham Street, Dandenong Road, North Road and Brighton Road. It became a shire on 17 April 1871. In the 1880s, the area was a market gardening district, with 182 hectares (450 acres) under cultivation, but by the end of the century, its character had become more residential. As such, it became a borough on 30 April 1901 and a town on 23 September 1901. It was proclaimed a city on 26 July 1913. On 16 April 1923, it lost part of its area (the current suburb of Hughesdale) to the Borough of Oakleigh.

In the 1990s, the City of Caulfield was originally planned to be abolished and merged with parts of the City of Malvern to form the City of Gardiner. Instead, on 15 December 1994, the City of Caulfield and parts of the City of Moorabbin were merged into the newly created City of Glen Eira. The councillors of both councils were dismissed.

Council meetings were held at the Caulfield Town Hall, built in 1885, at Glen Eira Road and Hawthorn Road, Caulfield. It presently serves as a service centre for the City of Glen Eira.

## Population

| Year | Population |
| --- | --- |
| 1911 | 15,919 |
| 1933 | 65,297 |
| 1954 | 75,217 |
| 1958 | 72,900\* |
| 1961 | 74,859 |
| 1966 | 76,058 |
| 1971 | 81,865 |
| 1976 | 73,630 |
| 1981 | 69,922 |
| 1986 | 67,718 |
| 1991 | 67,776 |
| 1992 | 71,600 |

* Estimate in the 1958 Victorian Year Book.

37°52′59″S 145°01′34″E / 37.883°S 145.026°E / -37.883; 145.026

## InfoBox

| City of Caulfield
Victoria | |
| --- | --- |
| Location in Melbourne | |
| Caulfield Town Hall, currently known as Glen Eira Town Hall | |
| Population | 71,600 (1992) |
| • Density | 3,259.0/km2 (8,441/sq mi) |
| Established | 1857 |
| Area | 21.97 km2 (8.5 sq mi) |
| Council seat | Caulfield |
| Region | Southeast Melbourne |
| County | Bourke |
|  | |
| **LGAs around City of Caulfield:**  Prahran Malvern Malvern  St Kilda City of Caulfield Oakleigh  Brighton Moorabbin Moorabbin | |


title: Kay Madsen

abstract: Kay Madsen was a Danish footballer. He played in one match for the Denmark national football team against Germany in 1928 that resulted in a 2-1 victory for Germany.

text:
# Kay Madsen

**Kay Madsen** (27 November 1902  6 June 1979) was a Danish footballer. He played in one match for the Denmark national football team against Germany in 1928 that resulted in a 2-1 victory for Germany.

## InfoBox

Kay Madsen
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1902-11-27)27 November 1902 | | |
| Date of death | 6 June 1979(1979-06-06) (aged 76) | | |
| International career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1928 | Denmark | 1 | (0) |


title: Rjavica

abstract: Rjavica is a settlement on the right bank of the Sotla River in the Municipality of Rogaška Slatina in eastern Slovenia. The entire Rogaška Slatina area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

text:
# Rjavica

**Rjavica** (pronounced \[ˈɾjaːʋitsa\]) is a settlement on the right bank of the Sotla River in the Municipality of Rogaška Slatina in eastern Slovenia. The entire Rogaška Slatina area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

## InfoBox

| Rjavica | |
| --- | --- |
| RjavicaLocation in Slovenia | |
| Coordinates: 46°13′26.39″N 15°39′42.85″E / 46.2239972°N 15.6619028°E / 46.2239972; 15.6619028 | |
| Country | Slovenia |
| Traditional region | Styria |
| Statistical region | Savinja |
| Municipality | Rogaška Slatina |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.61 km2 (0.62 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 222.6 m (730.3 ft) |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 156 |
|  | |


title: Eleanor Wadsworth

abstract: Eleanor Wadsworth was an English second world war pilot, who served as one of the RAF's "Spitfire women". Wadsworth was the oldest surviving pilot of the Air Transport Auxiliary (ATA), before her death in December 2020. Eleanor Fish was born in Nottingham in 1917, the daughter of George Fish, who ran a construction business in the city, and Dorothy. She was educated at Nottingham Girls' High School, where she liked drawing. She trained as an architect in Nottingham and began working for the Air Transport Auxiliary in 1943, through which she met Bernard Wadsworth, a flight engineer. They married in 1945, and were together until his death in 2015.

text:
# Eleanor Wadsworth

**Eleanor Wadsworth** (née **Fish**; 15 October 1917 – 21 December 2020) was an English second world war pilot, who served as one of the RAF's "Spitfire women". Wadsworth was the oldest surviving pilot of the Air Transport Auxiliary (ATA), before her death in December 2020.

Eleanor Fish was born in Nottingham in 1917, the daughter of George Fish, who ran a construction business in the city, and Dorothy. She was educated at Nottingham Girls' High School, where she liked drawing. She trained as an architect in Nottingham and began working for the Air Transport Auxiliary in 1943, through which she met Bernard Wadsworth, a flight engineer. They married in 1945, and were together until his death in 2015.

## Career

Wadsworth began her career at the ATA as an architectural assistant. In 1943 Wadsworth responded to an advert for people with no flying experience to train to become pilots for the ATA. Aged 25, she passed the medical examination and was accepted into the programme. She began her training in the ATA Initial Flying Training School at Thame in Oxfordshire.

The programme included meteorological training, learning the internal combustion, different engines and navigation. Following only 12 hours of flight training Wadsworth was proficient to fly her first aircraft.

From June 1943 to September 1945, Wadsworth flew 22 different types of aircraft, including the Hawker Hurricane and Spitfire. Her favourite aircraft to fly was the Spitfire, which she flew over 130 times. Throughout the war she was posted at several of ATA's 14 ferry pools, earning her a Class 3 licence allowing her to fly light twin-engine aircraft. Wadsworth was among 165 other women who flew without radios or instrument flying instructions during the second world war. She completed 590 flying hours, 430 of which were solo.

Female ATA pilots during this time experienced equal pay and conditions to male pilots.

## Life after the war

Wadsworth piloted her final flight on 21 September 1945, and never piloted an aircraft again after the war. After the war she married Bernard, an ATA flight engineer and they had two children, George and Robert. When her boys finished school she returned to her architectural career at Greene King in Bury St Edmunds for fifteen years before retiring.

Wadsworth died aged 103 in December 2020 in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk after a short illness.


title: Roland Zöffel

abstract: Roland Zöffel is a Swiss former cyclist. He competed in the team time trial at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He also rode in the 1965 Tour de France and the 1963 Giro d'Italia.

text:
# Roland Zöffel

**Roland Zöffel** (born 17 August 1938) is a Swiss former cyclist. He competed in the team time trial at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He also rode in the 1965 Tour de France and the 1963 Giro d'Italia.

## Major results

### Road

1963 9th Overall Tour de Luxembourg 1964 1st Stage 5a Giro di Sardegna 4th Grand Prix de Belgique 1965 2nd Züri-Metzgete

### Track

1963 1st  Individual pursuit, National Track Championships 1964 1st  Individual pursuit, National Track Championships 1966 3rd Individual pursuit, National Track Championships

Media related to Roland Zöffel at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

Roland Zöffel
| Zöffel in 1963 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1938-08-17) 17 August 1938
Münster, Germany |
| Team information | |
| Current team | Retired |
| Discipline | Road
Track |
| Professional teams | |
| 1963–1965 | Cynar–Frejus |
| 1965 | Salvarani |
| 1966 | Tigra |
| 1967 | Zimba–Mondia |
|  | |


title: Rodrigo de Villa

abstract: Rodrigo de Villa is an Indonesian-Philippine historical drama film released in 1952. It was co-produced by Philippine-based LVN Studio and Indonesia-based Persari. The film is the first international co-production done by a Filipino film studio with a studio outside the Philippines. Done in Ansco Color, the Rodrigo de Villa is the first Indonesian film production in color. Two versions of the film were made with each version having a different casting. The Philippine version was directed by Gregorio Fernandez while the Indonesian version was directed by Rempo Urip.

text:
# Rodrigo de Villa

***Rodrigo de Villa*** is an Indonesian-Philippine historical drama film released in 1952. It was co-produced by Philippine-based LVN Studio and Indonesia-based Persari.

The film is the first international co-production done by a Filipino film studio with a studio outside the Philippines. Done in Ansco Color, the *Rodrigo de Villa* is the first Indonesian film production in color.

Two versions of the film were made with each version having a different casting. The Philippine version was directed by Gregorio Fernandez while the Indonesian version was directed by Rempo Urip.

## Cast

## Synopsis

In Castile, Queen Isabella and Lozano, a nobleman, collaborates with the invading Ottoman forces to take over the palace which leads to the arrest of King Alfonso and his men including Rodrigo de Villa, the son of Leynes, another nobleman. Lozano is appointed by the Ottomans as king as a reward for the collaboration and marries Isabella.

Jimena, Lozano's daughter is in a relationship with de Villa. King Lozano's second man falls in love with Jimena but the latter remain loyal to de Villa. Selima, the daughter of the Ottoman ruler, releases the former King Alfonso and de Villa due to a conflict with her father. De Villa, along with his stepbrothers Don Juan and Don Pedro, mobilize a force to expel the Ottomans from Castille. They defeat the Ottomans and remove Lozano from the throne.

## InfoBox

| Rodrigo de Villa | |
| --- | --- |
| Advertorial flyer, Indonesian version | |
| Directed by | Rempo Urip
Gregorio Fernandez |
| Written by | Nemesio Caravana |
| Produced by | Djamaluddin Malik |
| Starring |  |
| Production
companies | Persari
LVN Studio |
| Distributed by | 20th Century Fox |
| Release date | * November 3, 1952 (1952-11-03) (Indonesia) |
| Countries | Indonesia
Philippines |
| Languages | Bahasa Indonesia
Filipino |


title: Blendo Games

abstract: Blendo Games is an American independent video game development company based in Culver City, California. It was founded by Brendon Chung in 2010 and is primarily a one-person effort. Blendo Games gained more widespread exposure with the short form stand alone title Gravity Bone; the following games Flotilla and Atom Zombie Smasher were met with critical praise. The studio has also released several other games in several genres.

text:
# Blendo Games

**Blendo Games** is an American independent video game development company based in Culver City, California. It was founded by Brendon Chung in 2010 and is primarily a one-person effort. Blendo Games gained more widespread exposure with the short form stand alone title *Gravity Bone*; the following games *Flotilla* and *Atom Zombie Smasher* were met with critical praise. The studio has also released several other games in several genres.

## Background

Chung had done hobbyist programming, such as modding for games like *Quake 2* and *Half-Life*, for about a decade before being hired as a designer at Pandemic Studios. While there, he worked on *The Lord of the Rings: Conquest* and *Full Spectrum Warrior: Ten Hammers*, although he continued to work on personal projects including an episodic *Citizen Abel* series that toyed with traditional mechanics of first-person shooters. Chung considered his first officially released game to be the espionage game *Gravity Bone* in 2008. In November 2009, Electronic Arts shut down Pandemic Studios and Chung began development on *Flotilla*, a space combat game that takes cues from an abandoned personal project Chung had worked on previously. *Flotilla* was released in 2010.

Later that same year, Blendo Games released *Air Forte*, an edutainment game in which the player indicates their knowledge about math, geography, and vocabulary by flying a plane in response to prompts. In 2011, Chung released real-time strategy game *Atom Zombie Smasher*, which received critical praise from several outlets and was featured at the 2011 Penny Arcade Expo, as well as being part of the 3rd Humble Indie Bundle charity drive.

A sequel to *Gravity Bone*, *Thirty Flights of Loving*, was developed to support a Kickstarter project for the Idle Thumbs podcast, and released in 2012. Following *Thirty Flights of Loving*, Chung began what would become over four years of development on *Quadrilateral Cowboy*, which released in 2016. *Flotilla 2*, a virtual reality sequel to *Flotilla,* was released in August 2018. In October 2018, a new project titled *Skin Deep* was revealed to be in development at Blendo Games although no release date has yet been announced. Blendo Games later announced in April 2021 that *Skin Deep* would be published through Annapurna Interactive.

## Culture

Blendo Games remains a one-man studio, though according to a 2016 feature in Gamasutra, Chung spends some time working in a shared office space called Glitch City. He has also directly collaborated with several individuals on several projects. The musical score of *Thirty Flights of Loving* was composed by Chris Remo, and the design of *Quadrilateral Cowboy* was a joint effort between Chung and Tynan Wales. The Mac and Linux ports of *Quadrilateral Cowboy* were done by Aaron Melcher, and the game's art book was ported to those same platforms by Ethan Lee. Chung has also indicated he gets play testing help from his friends and family.

## *Barista*

*Barista* is a series of four first-person games for Microsoft Windows by Brendon Chung. All of the games involve the player character waking up.

The first game is a modification for *Doom II: Hell on Earth.* In an interview, Chung stated that his inspirations for the first game included the *Doom Bible* and Bungie's *Marathon*.

Chung has indicated the second game was an independent study project developed while he was in college. It centers on a nameless spaceship pilot, and features a disjointed story line. There are several characters featured, including a talking skull and an unidentified woman. The skull mentions a person named Hannah, though when an interviewer suggested the unidentified woman was Hannah, Chung said "she's not Hanna. You never meet Hanna."

The third game is a modification for *Doom 3*. Chung has indicated he developed the game so he could learn the constraints of the Id Tech 4 engine before using it on a larger project.

The fourth game is a modification for *Half-Life 2*.

## Games

| Year | Title | Platform(s) | Publisher |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | *Gravity Bone* | Windows | Blendo Games |
| 2010 | *Flotilla* | Xbox 360, Windows | |
| | *Air Forte* | Xbox 360, Windows, Linux, macOS | |
| 2011 | *Atom Zombie Smasher* | Windows, Linux, macOS | |
| 2012 | *Thirty Flights of Loving* | | |
| 2016 | *Quadrilateral Cowboy* | | |
| 2018 | *Flotilla 2* | Windows (HTC Vive/Oculus Rift) | |
| tba | *Skin Deep* | Windows | Annapurna Interactive |

## InfoBox

Blendo Games
| Company type | Private |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Video games |
| Founded | 2010 (2010) |
| Founder | Brendon Chung |
| Headquarters | Culver City, California, United States |
| Products |  |
| Website | blendogames.com |


title: Blast from the Past (novel)

abstract: Blast from the Past is a 1998 novel by Ben Elton, published by Bantam Press and later adapted into a stage performance by the West Yorkshire Playhouse. The plot centres on Polly Slade, an ordinary woman with a highly unusual past, whose world is thrown into turmoil when the two men in her life show up at her front door in the middle of the night: Jack, a general in the United States Army with whom she had a short-lived affair as a teenager and Peter, an obsessive stalker who has been terrifying her for the past two years. Themes of the novel include obsession, rape, the morality of war, gender politics, and whether one can ever hope to return to the past and find that everything is just as one remembers it.

text:
# Blast from the Past (novel)

***Blast from the Past*** is a 1998 novel by Ben Elton, published by Bantam Press and later adapted into a stage performance by the West Yorkshire Playhouse. The plot centres on Polly Slade, an ordinary woman with a highly unusual past, whose world is thrown into turmoil when the two men in her life show up at her front door in the middle of the night: Jack, a general in the United States Army with whom she had a short-lived affair as a teenager and Peter, an obsessive stalker who has been terrifying her for the past two years. Themes of the novel include obsession, rape, the morality of war, gender politics, and whether one can ever hope to return to the past and find that everything is just as one remembers it.

## Plot summary

Polly Slade is a 34-year-old woman with no money, no love life and a boring, run of the mill job at the local town council. She has attracted the obsessive attention of Peter, an ex-client, who continues to harass and threaten her in breach of several court orders she has brought out against him. The novel frequently changes perspective, and we see the depth of his obsession with her as he plots to come to her house late at night in a last-ditch attempt to prove his "love" to her.

Through a series of flashbacks, we investigate Polly's relationship with Jack Kent, a soldier who was once the youngest captain in the US Army. They had a short affair during the summer when Polly was seventeen years old. She was at that time an activist and saboteur living in a "peace camp" in the countryside, whom Jack met at a motorway service station while he was positioned in England with his work. The relationship ended when he took her to a hotel and then walked out on her as she slept, leaving her with no way of contacting him. Polly's memories of him are extremely bitter for this reason, and Jack, who is trapped in an unhappy marriage, finds he cannot escape Polly's influence over his life. He has risen to the rank of a general, partly with her assistance, as his memories of her have kept him from becoming involved in a number of scandals which could have ruined his career.

One night, Polly's phone rings in the small hours of the morning, and Jack unexpectedly announces his intention to come to visit her, despite the unsociable hour and the fact of them not having seen each other for sixteen years. Meanwhile, Peter is also making his way over to Polly's house, and he and Jack have a confrontation in a public phone booth. Jack arrives at Polly's house, and they spend several hours talking about the past, both memories of their relationship and details of Jack's life since he left her. They argue about politics; Jack is very right wing and something of a male chauvinist, whereas Polly is a pacifist and feminist. Polly's beliefs oppose everything he stands for, and he tells her that people like her are what has brought America to ruin.

When she complains that he cannot just reappear in her life after such a long absence, he comes to the point of his visit: he intends to kill her to prevent the details of his relationship with her becoming public. At the time they knew each other, Polly was an anarchist and below the legal age of consent for sex in America (at the time of their affair, Jack was stationed in England), and if Jack's involvement with her is found out, his career could be ruined. He is the top candidate to become the National Security Advisor and he has decided that nothing, not even the love of his life, can be allowed to stand in his way.

At this point Peter breaks into the house, having killed a milkman he initially mistook for Jack. As Jack is about to murder Polly, Peter bursts into the room, shouting a string of obscenities and threats. Jack shoots him dead, allowing Polly a chance to activate her alarm, alerting the police who arrive in minutes. Rather than have his history with Polly, and the murder of Peter, made public, Jack shoots himself. When his body is found, there is a major press scandal over his involvement with Polly and the details of his death, exactly what he feared would happen to him in life. Polly is now free of the terror of her stalker, but she has been left with nothing, and decides to rebuild her life. At the very end of the novel, she is visited by Jack's recently divorced brother, who feels he cannot hate her for what has happened and wants to know more about her and her relationship with Jack. As she lets him into the house, she is calm and feeling positive about the future, and she notices how like Jack he is but with one noticeable difference: his voice is "kinder, somehow".

1. Imogen's blast from the past

## InfoBox

Blast from the Past
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Ben Elton |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Suspense novel |
| Publisher | Bantam Press (UK)
Delacorte Press (US) |
| Publication date | 3 September 1998 (UK)
7 September 1999 (US) |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print (Hardback & Paperback) |
| Pages | 304 pp |
| ISBN | 0-593-04414-2 |
| OCLC | 40564144 |
| Preceded by | *Popcorn (1996),* |
| Followed by | *Inconceivable (1999)* |


title: China Heilan Group

abstract:
China Heilan Group is a China-based garment and textile manufacturing company and consumer-orientated holding group. The group focuses on commercial investments in clothing retail, finance, cultural tourism, energy and commercial real estate. It was founded in 1988 and is headquartered in Jiangyin. In 2020, the group was listed as the fourth largest taxpayer in Wuxi. The clothing arm of Heilan Group developed from Heilan Home, also known as HLA, one of China's largest clothing companies with revenues of RMB 20 billion in 2021.
In 2022, the corporate website listed the group's revenues at RMB 1250 billion with over 60,000 employees.

text:
# China Heilan Group

***China Heilan Group*** (Chinese: 海澜集团; pinyin: *Hǎilán Ji Tuan*) is a China-based garment and textile manufacturing company and consumer-orientated holding group. The group focuses on commercial investments in clothing retail, finance, cultural tourism, energy and commercial real estate. It was founded in 1988 and is headquartered in Jiangyin. In 2020, the group was listed as the fourth largest taxpayer in Wuxi.

The clothing arm of Heilan Group developed from Heilan Home, also known as HLA, one of China's largest clothing companies with revenues of RMB 20 billion in 2021. In 2022, the corporate website listed the group's revenues at RMB 1250 billion with over 60,000 employees.

## Company history and prospects

In 1988, Zhou Jianping opened a fabric textile factory in Jiangyin, Wuxi. The company started with textile manufacturing, built up with fine spinning and garments. The Heilan Group was founded in 1991.

## Business status of the company

### Heilan Home and Clothing

The clothing industry is the core interest of the Heilan Group. So far, the clothing brands of the Heilan Group include: Heilan Home, also known as HLA, Sancanal, Eichitoo and HLA Jeans.

HLA Brand Management was founded in 2002 in the Yangtze River Delta. On April 11, 2014, it was reorganized for listing on the stock market and became a leading stock in the Chinese clothing industry.

Sancanal targets customized business wear with an annual production capacity of 3 million western-style suits and 8 million shirts. It is one of China's largest scale clothes manufacturing enterprises. Eichitoo targets urban females. By the end of June 2016, it has expanded to 827 stores in China.

Other product categories in Heilan Home include cosmetics, table and kitchenware, bedding, nursing materials, travel accessories, household supplies and furniture.

### Heilan Group Investments

Since 2000, Heilan Group has invested in more than 30 external projects. Heilan holds large shares in many businesses including:

Huatai Securities Company Limited

China Guangfa Bank

Bank of Jiangsu

Jiangyin Rural Commercial Bank

Nanchang Commercial Bank

Leshan City Commercial Bank

Shandong Longlive Bio-technology

Jiangsu AkcomeScience & Technology

Suzhou Supply Chain Technology

Shandong Century Jinbang Science-Education and Culture

Beijing Baofeng Technology

Shanghai Hongyi Venture Capital Investment

Xinjiang ZhongmaiXinrui Equity Investment Partnership

### Heilan Real Estate

Mambat Plaza is Heilan Group's flagship project in the commercial property market. The gross floor area is about 260 thousand square meters, of which around 150 thousand square meters are above ground and 110 thousand square meters underground. About 120 thousand square meters of space is for retail, and another 60 thousand square meters are for SOHO offices and Grade A office buildings.

As the first industrial internship base of Phoenix Satellite Television in Chinese Mainland, Heilan Industrial Park is evaluated by National Tourism Administration as a demonstration site for national industrial tourism.

1. In 2015, Heilan Group ranked 202nd on the List of Top 500 Chinese Enterprises.
2. In 2015, Heilan Group ranked 36th on the List of Top 500 Private Enterprises in China.
3. In November, 2016, HLA gained the title of Best listed Chinese company of the year 2016.
4. In 2016, holding a brand value of 11 billion Yuan, HLA was on the 2016 Hurun Brand List and ranked first in China's clothing industry.
5. In 2016, on the two lists of top 100 enterprises in Chinese clothing industry separately for sales volume and profit, Heilan Group ranked first on both.
6. In 2016, with total sales income of RMB 93.3 billion and taxes and profits of RMB 8 billion, the Group topped the Taxpayer List in Wuxi.
7. In 2016, with total sales income reaching RMB 93.3 billion, Heilan Group ranked 166th on the List of Top 500 Chinese Enterprises, and 31st on the List of Top 500 Private Enterprises in China.

1. "China Heilan Group". *Forbes*. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
2. "市政府关于2020年度无锡市纳税百强企业的通报 (Announcement of the municipal government on the top 100 taxpayers in Wuxi in 2020)". *wuxi.gov.cn*. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
3. Bain, Marc (21 November 2019). "Two Chinese companies have joined the ranks of the fashion industry's giants". *Quartz*. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
4. "HLA Group Corp Ltd". *Financial Times*. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
5. "爱企查". *aiqicha.baidu.com*. Retrieved 2022-03-15.
6. "江苏94家企业入围2016中国民营企业500强".

## InfoBox

Heilan Group (海澜集团)
| Native name | 海澜集团有限公司 |
| --- | --- |
| Company type | Limited |
| Industry | Retail
Finance
Property
Cultural Tourism |
| Founder | Zhou Jianping |
| Products | Clothing
Investment
Real Estate and Cultural Tourism |
| Brands | HLA
Eichitoo
Bettsale
Sancanal
HLA Jeans
Heilan Home |
| Website | HLA mainland China |


title: Drug Restaurant

abstract: Drug Restaurant, formerly known as the Jung Joon Young Band (정준영밴드), was a Korean rock band, formed in Seoul, South Korea in 2015. The band consisted of bassist Jung Seok-won, guitarist Jo Dae-min (Dammit), and drummer Lee Hyun-gyu. Vocalist and guitarist Jung Joon-young, retired from the industry on March 12, 2019. The band was formed by Jung a year after he debuted as solo singer in 2013. The band released their debut album, Escape to Hangover, on May 27, 2015. JJY Band changed their name to Drug Restaurant on May 20, 2016, because they wanted to go with a name that focuses on the band as a whole rather than centering it around the frontman vocalist.

text:
# Drug Restaurant

**Drug Restaurant** (Korean: 드럭 레스토랑), formerly known as the **Jung Joon Young Band** (**JJY Band**) (정준영밴드), was a Korean rock band, formed in Seoul, South Korea in 2015. The band consisted of bassist Jung Seok-won, guitarist Jo Dae-min (Dammit), and drummer Lee Hyun-gyu (Drok. Q). Vocalist and guitarist Jung Joon-young, retired from the industry on March 12, 2019. The band was formed by Jung a year after he debuted as solo singer in 2013. The band released their debut album, *Escape to Hangover*, on May 27, 2015. JJY Band changed their name to Drug Restaurant on May 20, 2016, because they wanted to go with a name that focuses on the band as a whole rather than centering it around the frontman vocalist.

## History

### 2015–2016: Formation

After being a solo artist for more than a year, Jung decided to be in a band again, saying: “When I first signed with my company, it was agreed that I would eventually work with a band. Since I started music with a band, it was actually hard for me to bring out my true style when working by myself. I thought I needed to go back to what I knew. This seemed like the right time.”

Jung was introduced to Jo Dae-min, Jung Seok-won and Lee Hyun-gyu by producer who worked with him in his solo album in 2014. All three are known to be already established musicians in the indie music scene. Guitarist Jo Dae-min (Dammit) is a former member of rock band Vanilla Unity that regularly guested at Seo Taiji’s concerts, bassist Jung Seok-won is a former member of Munch and Fantastic Drugstore, and drummer Lee Hyun-kyu (Drok. Q) is a former member of Munch as well as “Superstar K” contestant Bell Band. Dammit wasn't sure about Jung's musical style when he first heard about the offer to play with him: “I mostly knew him through variety programs, and I thought it would be a one-time thing. But working together, we fit really well, and now we’re determined to keep this going.”

### 2015: *Escape to Hangover*

Jung Joon-young and his newly formed band started to work on their debut album in early 2015. Jung and Dammit worked together to compose all of the tracks in the album, but all of the members helped to arrange the songs. “I created the big frameworks for the songs, and each member tweaked their part to their liking,” Jung said. “I love garage rock, so we listened to garage rock songs and worked on the music together. It turned out really well.”

JJY Band's first eight-track EP *Escape to Hangover* touches base with Jung's rock roots, spanning alternative rock, hard rock and garage rock tracks. The title track "OMG" was produced by Brian Howes who had produced songs for Bon Jovi, Simple Plan, and Boys Like Girls, among others. Ok Yo-Han, vocalist of Pia, co-wrote the 8th track in the album, "Lizard". For "Lizard", Jung originally wanted to express his opinions on smoking, but it didn't pass Korean Broadcast Liberation. In the end, he had to change the lyrics with the help of Ok Yo-han into a song about cunning people. *Escape to Hangover* was released on May 27, 2015, with lead single "OMG" and its music video released at the same time. Their debut album received positive reviews from music fans and critics.

JJY band held their very first solo concert in December 2015 with the name "JJY Band's Live & Talk 2015 'Attention'". Their first show was held in Tokyo on December 13. They continued the tour in Shanghai on December 26 and Seoul on December 30–31.

### 2016: New label, new name and *Mistake*

A representative from CJ E&M announced that their contract with Jung Joon-young expired in November 2015. Jung decided to not renew his contract with CJ E&M. On January 5, 2016, C9 Entertainment announced that Jung and his band officially signed an exclusive contract with their label, REALIVE. Under the new label, JJY Band announced that they would hold their first nationwide tour. Their first show kicked off in Daejeon on February 5 and continued in Busan on February 6, then in Seoul on February 20–21.

On May 20, C9 Entertainment officially announced that Jung Joon Young Band had changed their name to Drug Restaurant. This was to shift the focus from the frontman, Jung Joon-young, to the group as a whole. The name "Drug Restaurant" was said to represent the band's desire to provide listeners with a greater relief than any drug in the drugstore and to offer a gateway out from the pressures of society.

Drug Restaurant returned with their self-titled second album which was released on May 27 through digital download and on June 9 as a physical album. Their new album consists of five tracks including the title track, "Mistake". The fifth track, "When the Money's Back", is only available on physical CD. The title track and its music video were released on June 8. All songs in the album were composed by Jung Joon-young and Dammit. Every member wrote one song for the album. The title track, "Mistake", was written by Jung Joon-young, "Sexy Bomb" by Dammit, "What?!" by Jung Seok-won and "When the Money's Back" by Drok.Q. While the arrangement for all songs in the album were done by Dammit, Jung Seok-won and Drok.Q

### 2017: *Pomade*

On July 22, C9 Entertainment released a teaser image and announced that Drug Restaurant would be making a comeback with their third album, **Pomade**, on August 4. The photo shows all four members but only the back side of their head. On August 1, C9 released the tracklist for the album which consist of six songs plus one bonus track that will only be available on the physical album.

Drug Restaurant shared in an interview with Ceci magazine for the August issue that all the songs' lyrics in *Pomade* would be in English, making it their first English album. Jung said he recorded the demo in English so he wanted to keep the vibe and nuances in the final version for the album. Jung continued that expressions in English and Korean are different and it'd sound awkward if they translated it back to Korean. Dammit said in previous albums they focused on accentuating Jung's vocals, but this time there are a lot of songs that highlight the characteristic of each instrument they play. All songs in the album were written, composed and produced by the band. The title track, **Drink O2 in the Water**, was written by Seokwon and composed by Jung and Dammit.

*Pomade* was released through digital download on August 4, while physical album will be released on August 8. The title track, *Drink O2 in The Water*, was released through digital download a day before on August 3 and the music video was uploaded on YouTube at the same time with the album released on August 4. The music video itself is actually lyric video where it shows footages of people having fun on the beach with the lyrics of the song written on it. The band themselves didn't make appearance in the music video.

Jung announced on his personal Instagram that Drug Restaurant would take their tour to Europe in September. There had been rumor about it for a while, but nothing had been confirmed. He said he has friend in Paris who is a tour promoter for Korean artists who didn't make their debut in South Korea. Joon Young asked if his band could join and his friends liked the idea very much. Drug Restaurant will bring their show to ten cities, kicks off in Moscow on September 3 and end in Prague on September 24.

### 2018: "Her", "403"

On December 26, 2017, C9 Entertainment announced that Drug Restaurant would release a new digital single on January 1, 2018, "Her". Along with the announcement, C9 released the single cover that showed the band standing on the staircase with the song's title written on the window behind them. Drug Restaurant said they got the inspiration to write the song during their Europe tour in September 2017. They decided to release the song as album single and not a part of EP or full album because they wanted to commemorate their first Europe tour. "Her" was written by Seokwon, composed by Joonyoung and Dammit, and produced by the band themselves.

"Her" was released as a digital download on January 1 and the music video was uploaded to YouTube on January 2. The music video shows the footage of their Europe tour from their performances, backstage and places they visited while in Europe.

A week earlier, C9 Entertainment announced that Drug Restaurant would release a new digital single on August 31, 2018, "403". On release date, the single cover is unveiled which showed the door to room 403 is opened and inside the room there's bed with a dying rose on it floating on the sea with a full moon in the background. "403" was released through digital download on August 31 and the music video was uploaded to YouTube on the same day. "403" was written by Drok Q, composed by Joonyoung and Dammit, and produced by the band themselves.

On September 5, the band embarked on their Europe tour, JJY x Drug Restaurant Europe Concert Tour 2018. The tour ended on September 9 at Lisbon. This was the second time promoter, Young Bros brought the band for Europe tour.

The band also held JJY x Drug Restaurant with BJR US Live Tour from October 14 in Chicago to October 21 in New York City. The tour is presented by Studio Pav.

### 2019: Jung Joon-young's retirement and disbandment

On March 11, 2019, it was revealed that Jung Joon-young was a suspect in the Burning Sun scandal, having filmed sexual encounters with at least 10 women in the past. He announced his retirement from the industry the following day. In an interview with Dammit a week later, it was mentioned that Drug Restaurant had disbanded.

## Members

### Former

* Dammit (대민) – lead guitar, backing vocals
* Seokwon (석원) – bass guitar, backing vocals
* Drok. Q (드록 규) – drums
* Joonyoung (준영) – vocals, rhythm guitar

## Discography

### Extended plays

| Title | Album details | Peak
chart
positions | Sales |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | KOR
 | |
| *Escape To Hangover
(일탈다반사)* | Track listing 1. Holiday Song (연휴 Song) 2. Sunset 3. OMG 4. Alibi 5. Office 6. X Like You (너란 X) 7. First Impression (첫느낌) 8. Lizard (도마뱀) | 5 |  |
| *Drug Restaurant* | Track listing 1. Intro 2. Mistake 3. Sexy Bomb 4. What?! 5. When the Money's Back | 7 |  |
| *Pomade* | * Released:     + Digital release: August 4, 2017     + Physical release: August 8, 2017 * Label: C9 Entertainment, LOEN Entertainment * Formats: CD, digital download  Track listing 1. Don't Be Afraid 2. Drink O2 in the Water 3. Ain't I Good to You? 4. Starved 5. Escaper 6. Catwoman 7. Ain't I Good to You? (Piano demo version) (Bonus track) | 16 |  |

### Singles

| Title | Year | Peak
chart
positions | Sales | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | KOR
 | | |
| "OMG" | 2015 |  |  | *Escape to Hangover* |
| "Mistake" | 2016 | |  | *Drug Restaurant* |
| "Drink O2 in the Water" | 2017 | |  | *Pomade* |
| | "Ain't I Good to You?" | |  |
| "Her" | 2018 | |  | Non-album singles |
| | "403" | |  |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart. | | | | |

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | 17th Mnet Asian Music Awards | Best Band Performance | Nominated |  |
| | | Union Pay Song of the Year ("OMG") | Nominated |  |

## Concert tour and live performances

**2015**

* JJY Band @ Live Club Day
* JJY Band @ Live Club Day (Halloween Show)
* JJY Band's Live & Talk 2015 "Attention" Concert in Tokyo, Shanghai, and Seoul

**2016**

* JJY Band Live @ Rolling Hall 21st Anniversary
* JJY Band's Live & Talk 2016 "Attention" Concert in Daejeon, Busan, and Seoul
* JJY Band's Bugs TV Special Live Vol.14
* JJY Band Live @ Seoul Food Festival
* Drug Restaurant's Live Tour Concert in Seoul, Busan, Gwangju and Daegu
* REAL LIVE Concert Drug Restaurant x Pia Band in Seoul

**2017**

* Jung Joon Young Live Concert with Drug Restaurant in Seoul, Daegu and Daejeon
* Jung Joon Young Live Concert with Drug Restaurant in Taipei
* Rockstar Crew Concert 2017
* Jung Joon Young "Me & You" Concert with Drug Restaurant in Tokyo
* Drug Restaurant "I Hate Summer" Concert in Seoul
* Drug Restaurant Europe Tour 2017

**2018**

## InfoBox

| Drug Restaurant | |
| --- | --- |
| Drug Restaurant at the 2015 Summer K-pop Festival | |
| Background information | |
| Also known as | JJY Band (2014-2016) |
| Origin | Seoul, South Korea |
| Genres |  |
| Years active | 2015 (2015)–2019 |
| Labels |  |
|  | |
| Past members |  |


title: Earth-One

abstract: Earth-One is a name given to two fictional universes that have appeared in American comic book stories published by DC Comics. The first Earth-One was given its name in Justice League of America #21, after The Flash #123 explained how Golden Age (Earth-Two) versions of characters such as the Flash could appear in stories with their Silver Age counterparts. This Earth-One continuity included the DC Silver Age heroes, including the Justice League of America. Earth-One, along with the four other surviving Earths of the DC Multiverse, are merged into one in the 1985 miniseries Crisis on Infinite Earths. This Earth's versions of characters were primarily the Earth-One versions, but some characters from the four other worlds were also "folded" in. In Infinite Crisis, Earth-One was resurrected and merged with the primary Earth of the publication era to create a New Earth that brought back more aspects of Earth-One's original history. In 2007, a new version of Earth-One was created in the aftermath of events that occurred within the 52 series.

text:
# Earth-One

**Earth-One** (also **Earth-1**) is a name given to two fictional universes (the Pre-Crisis and Post-Crisis versions of the same universe) that have appeared in American comic book stories published by DC Comics. The first Earth-One was given its name in *Justice League of America* #21 (August 1963), after *The Flash* #123 (September 1961) explained how Golden Age (Earth-Two) versions of characters such as the Flash (Jay Garrick) could appear in stories with their Silver Age counterparts (Barry Allen). This Earth-One continuity included the DC Silver Age heroes, including the Justice League of America.

Earth-One, along with the four other surviving Earths (Earth-Two, Earth-Four, Earth-S, and Earth-X) of the DC Multiverse, are merged into one in the 1985 miniseries *Crisis on Infinite Earths*. This Earth's versions of characters were primarily the Earth-One versions (i.e. Superman, Batman), but some characters from the four other worlds were also "folded" in. In *Infinite Crisis*, Earth-One was resurrected and merged with the primary Earth of the publication era to create a New Earth that brought back more aspects of Earth-One's original history. In 2007, a new version of Earth-One was created in the aftermath of events that occurred within the  *52* series.

## Pre-Crisis version

### Flash of Two Worlds

Characters from DC Comics were originally suggestive of each existing in their own world, as superheroes never encountered each other. This was soon changed with alliances being formed between certain protagonists. Several publications, including *All-Star Comics* (publishing tales of the Justice Society of America), *Leading Comics* (publishing tales of the Seven Soldiers of Victory) and other comic books introduced a "shared-universe" among several characters during the 1940s until the present day.

Alternative reality Earths had been used in DC stories before, but were usually not referred to after that particular story. Also most of these alternative Earths were usually so vastly different that no one would confuse that Earth and its history with the so-called real Earth. That would change when the existence of another reliable Earth was established in a story titled "Flash of Two Worlds" in which Barry Allen, the modern Flash later referred to as Earth-One (the setting of the Silver Age stories) first travels to another Earth, accidentally vibrating at just the right speed to appear on Earth-Two, where he meets Jay Garrick, his Earth-Two counterpart.

### Major events

* *More Fun Comics* #101 (1945): the first appearance of Superboy. According to canon, the Superman of Earth-Two did not fight crime until reaching Metropolis as an adult, therefore this is the first appearance of Earth-One in comics.
* *Superman* #76 (1952): the first appearance of the Earth-One Batman, teaming up with what must be Earth-One Superman. The two crime fighters meet for the first time in this story. Their Earth-Two counterparts knew each other from their time in the Justice Society of America in the 1940s (*New York World's Fair Comics* #2 (July 1940) contained the first published picture of Batman (Earth-Two) and Superman (Earth-Two) together).
* *Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen* #1 (1954): debut issue of spinoff title for supporting character from the *Superman* series. Superman and Batman books unofficially make the switch from the Earth-Two characters to the Earth-One characters, though it was not apparent at the time.
* *Detective Comics* #225 (1955): the first appearance of J'onn J'onzz, the Martian Manhunter.
* *Showcase* #4 (1956): popularly the first Earth-One comic (though not mentioned in text as such), featuring the introduction of Barry Allen as The Flash.
* *Adventure Comics* #246 (1958): unofficially the first appearance of Earth-One Green Arrow.
* *Wonder Woman* #98 (1958): unofficially the first appearance of Earth-One Wonder Woman. (See also Wonder Woman (Earth-Two).)
* *Adventure Comics* #260 (1959): the first appearance of Earth-One Aquaman.
* *Showcase* #22 (1959): the first appearance of Hal Jordan, the Green Lantern of Earth-One.
* *The Brave and the Bold* #34 (1961): the first appearance of Katar Hol, the Hawkman of Earth-One.
* *The Flash* #123 (1961): "The Flash of Two Worlds", a story in which Barry Allen meets Jay Garrick. This is the first story to explain the concept of the Multiverse, namely that the actions of Barry Allen and Jay Garrick took place on separate but similar Earths.
* *Showcase* #34 (1961): the first appearance of Ray Palmer, the Atom of Earth-One.
* *Justice League of America* #21 (1963): "Crisis on Earth-One", the first team-up between the JLA and the JSA, which became a yearly feature in the Justice League of America comic. This is the story in which both Earth-One and Earth-Two were first given names.
* *Green Lantern* (vol. 2) #85 (1971): "Snowbirds Don't Fly", a story focusing on drug addiction, showing Green Arrow's ward Roy Harper addicted to heroin. The story won the 1971 Shazam Award for Best Original Story.
* *Justice League of America* #100 (1972), the story that establishes that the Green Arrow and Speedy appearing in the 1940s were the Earth-2 Green Arrow and Speedy. This annual JLA/JSA team-up featured the return of the Golden Age superhero team the Seven Soldiers of Victory, of which the Golden Age Green Arrow and Speedy were members
* *Swamp Thing* #1 (1972): the first adventure of Alec Holland, the Swamp Thing. The story won the 1972 Shazam Award for Best Original Story.
* *Justice League of America* #244 and *Infinity, Inc.* #19 (1985): the final team-up of the Justice League and the Justice Society before Earth-One and Earth-Two are merged.
* *Crisis on Infinite Earths* #10 (1986): The issue in which Earth-One, Earth-Two, Earth-Four (the home of the Charlton Comics heroes), Earth-S (the home of the Fawcett Comics heroes), and Earth-X (the home of the Quality Comics heroes) were combined into one reality, hereafter known as New Earth.
* *DC Comics Presents* #97 (1986): "Phantom Zone: The Final Chapter", the last official Earth-One story.
* *Superman* #423 and *Action Comics* #583 (1986): "Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow?", the last story of the Superman of Earth-One, though it is technically classified as an Imaginary Story and not an official Earth-One story. It features cameos by several other Earth-One heroes.

### Destruction

*Crisis on Infinite Earths* (1985–1986) was an effort by DC Comics to clean up their continuity, resulting in the multiple universes, including that of Earth-One, combining into one. This involved the destruction of the multiverse, including Earth-One and the first appearance of the post-*Crisis* Earth.

## Post-*52* version

At the end of the *Infinite Crisis* limited series, the realigned world is called "New Earth". There are now 52 universes: "New Earth" (a.k.a. Earth-0), and Earths-1 to 51. In the final issue of the *52* weekly series, it is revealed that fifty-two duplicate worlds have been created and all but New Earth have been altered from the original incarnation.

Earth-1 is featured in the *Superman: Earth One* and *Batman: Earth One* graphic novels.

## Characters

| Earth-One
(1961–1985) | Notes | New Earth / Prime Earth
counterpart |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Kal-El/Clark Kent | Since Superman was one of several DC characters continuously published throughout the 1950s, there is not a clear dividing line between the Earth-One and Earth-Two versions of Superman. Several stories published before the mid-1950s took place on Earth-One. Also, any Superman stories published before the mid-1950s that featured or mentioned Superboy also took place exclusively on Earth-One, as the Earth-Two Superman, per the earliest Superman comics, never had a Superboy career. His first appearance in comics was in *More Fun Comics* #101 (January 1945). This version of Superman remained in publication until 1986, as the miniseries *Crisis on Infinite Earths* (1985–86), he was written out of continuity with John Byrne's miniseries *The Man of Steel*. | Superman |
| Bruce Wayne | Batman is not significantly changed by the late 1950s for the new continuity. Batman is not significantly updated in the manner of other characters until *Detective Comics* #327 (May 1964), in which Batman reverts to his detective roots, with most science-fiction elements jettisoned from the series. Details of Batman's history were altered or expanded upon through the decades. Additions include his upbringing by his uncle Philip Wayne after his parents' death. In 1969, Bruce moves from his mansion, Wayne Manor into a penthouse apartment atop the Wayne Foundation building in downtown Gotham City, in order to be closer to Gotham City's crime. Batman spends the 1970s and early 1980s mainly working solo, with occasional team-ups with Robin and/or Batgirl. Batman's adventures also become somewhat darker and more grim during this period, depicting increasingly violent crime. This version of Batman remained in publication until 1986, as the miniseries *Crisis on Infinite Earths* (1985–86), he was written out of continuity. | Batman |
| Alexis "Lex" Luthor | Luthor grew up in the suburbs of Smallville with his parents and sister. As a teenager, Luthor learned about the existence of Smallville's own hometown hero, Superboy. After a fire in his lab, which resulted in losing both his hair and all of his experiments. Superboy saved him from the fire but Luthor accused the hero of destroying his experiments on purpose out of jealousy. From that moment onward, Lex Luthor became the sworn enemy of Superboy. Fearing that their son would never reform his ways, Lex's parents decided to move away from Smallville and changed their name to "Thorul" in hopes to raise their daughter in a relatively peaceful life away from the evil Lex. During one of his outer space explorations Lex would find Lexor, a planet which would become his primary refuge from the rest of the galaxy. The people of Lexor accepted Lex as their hero and First citizen. Lex would mostly settle down on Lexor taking a wife, Adora, and fathering a son. Lex would largely remain on Lexor until the planet was destroyed by his really never-ending battle with Superman. | Lex Luthor |
| Dru-Zod | Zod is a megalomaniacal Kryptonian, in charge of the military forces on Krypton. He knew Jor-El, when he was an aspiring scientist. When the space program was abolished after the destruction of the inhabited moon Wegthor, he attempted to take over Krypton. He was sentenced to exile in the Phantom Zone for 40 years for his crimes. Zod was eventually released by Superboy when his term of imprisonment was up. However, he attempted to conquer Earth with his superpowers acquired under the yellow sun. With his threat now obvious, Superboy was forced to oppose him and ultimately returned him to the Zone. | General Zod |
|

## In other media

* Batman's Earth-One costume is available for download in *Batman: Arkham City* (2021).
* In the CW series *The Flash* (2014–23), the Flash team encounters metahumans and doppelgangers of friends and colleagues from another inter-dimensional Earth, which they dub "Earth-2" while referring to their own as "Earth-1". Harrison Wells of Earth-2 takes some umbrage at this; although he generally accepts the terminology, he occasionally reminds Cisco Ramon and Barry Allen that his Earth can, from his perspective, be called Earth-1.
* A variation of Earth-1 appears in *Justice Society: World War II* (2021). This universe is also the setting of *Superman: Man of Tomorrow* (2020) and *Batman: The Long Halloween* (2021).
* Earth-1 is mentioned in *Injustice* (2021), where Mister Terrific tells Superman during one scene that he is mapping out the multiverses and muses on the idea that while he would call his universe Earth-1, all their counterparts would do the same with their own universes. This is acknowledged when Mister Terrific recruits the help of an alternate Superman from what Terrific calls Earth-9, which makes the alternate Superman mention that he is from Earth-1 and that they are Earth-22.

## InfoBox

| Earth-One | |
| --- | --- |
| First appearance | *The Flash* #123 September 10 1961
Pre-Crisis version: *Detective Comics* #225 November 10 1955, retroactive)
Post-Crisis version: *52* #52 July 10 2007 |
| Created by | Gardner Fox |
| Race(s) | Humans, Amazons, Kryptonians, Atlanteans |
| Characters | Silver Age Justice League of America |
| Publisher | DC Comics |