title: Seychelles at the 1992 Summer Olympics

text:
# Seychelles at the 1992 Summer Olympics

Seychelles competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. The nation returned to the Olympic Games after missing the 1988 Summer Olympics.

## Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Athletics | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| Boxing | 2 |  | 2 |
| Sailing | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Swimming | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| Total | 10 | 1 | 11 |

## Athletics

Four athletes represented Seychelles in 1992.

Men Track & road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Joseph Adam | 400 m | 47.68 | 6 | did not advance | | | |
| Giovanny Fanny | 400 m hurdles | 52.63 | 39 | did not advance | | | |

Field events

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Danny Beauchamp | High jump | 2.10 | 33 | did not advance | |
| | Long jump | 7.44 | 37 | did not advance | |
| Paul Nioze | Triple jump | 16.23 | 24 | did not advance | |

## Boxing

Two boxers represented Seychelles in 1992.

Men

| Athlete | Event | 1 Round | 2 Round | 3 Round | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Rank |
| Rival Cadeau | Light-middleweight | Mohamed Mesbahi (MAR)
**W** 5-3 | Raul Marquez (USA)
**L** 3-20 | did not advance | | | |
| Roland Raforme | Light-heavyweight | Rick Timperi (ITA)
**W** 27:7 | Patrice Aouissi (FRA)
**W** RSCH-2 | BYE | Zoltán Béres (HUN)
**L** 3-11 | did not advance | | | | |

## Sailing

One sailor represented Seychelles in 1992.

Men

| Athlete | Event | Race | | | | | | | | | | Net points | Final rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | | |
| Danny Adeline | Lechner A-390 | ~~38~~ | 35 | 35 | 32 | 34 | 38 | 33 | 33 | 39 | 20 | 352.0 | 36 |

## Swimming

Four swimmers represented Seychelles in 1992.

Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Final B | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Ivan Roberts | 50 m freestyle | 25.44 | 58 | did not advance | | | | | |
| | 100 m freestyle | 56.15 | 67 | did not advance | | | | | |
| Kenny Roberts | 50 m freestyle | 26.78 | 68 | did not advance | | | | | |
| | 100 m freestyle | 58.86 | 72 | did not advance | | | | | |
| | 100 m breaststroke | 1:16.52 | 58 | did not advance | | | | | |
| | 200 m breaststroke | DSQ | | did not advance | | | | | |
| | 200 m individual medley | 2:30.35 | 51 | did not advance | | | | | |
| Jean-Paul Adam | 200 m freestyle | 2:09.99 | 54 | did not advance | | | | | |
| | 400 m freestyle | 4:40.93 | 46 | did not advance | | | | | |
| | 200 m individual medley | 2:35.35 | 52 | did not advance | | | | | |

Women

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Final B | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Elke Talma | 100 m breaststroke | 1:29.91 | 42 | did not advance | | | |
| | 200 m breaststroke | 3:12.13 | 39 | did not advance | | | |
| | 200 m individual medley | 2:53.41 | 43 | did not advance | | | |

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Seychelles at the
1992 Summer Olympics | |
| --- | --- |
| Flag of Seychelles | |
| IOC code | SEY |
| NOC | Seychelles Olympic and Commonwealth Games Association |
| in Barcelona, Spain
25 July–9 August 1992 | |
| Competitors | **11** in **4** sports |
| Flag bearer | Roland Raforme |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| Summer Olympics appearances (overview) | |
|  | |


abstract: Charles-Marie-Napoléon de Beaufort d'Hautpoul was a French general of the 19th century. He was born in Naples, Italy, where his father served as Colonel in the Génie. He entered Saint-Cyr from 1820 to 1824, and ultimately became "général de brigade d'état-major". He participated with distinction to the Morea expedition in Greece. In 1830, he participated to the Algiers expedition, as "Aide-de-Camp" to General Valazé. From 1834 to 1837, he was Aide-de-Camp of French-born adventurer Suleiman Pasha, and then Chief-of-Staff of the Egyptian Sultan Ibrahim Pasha during the Egyptian campaigns in Syria and Lebanon. He is especially known for leading in 1860, the French expedition in Lebanon in the Ottoman territory, with the agreement of the Ottoman Empire, with the objective to fulfill its mission to protect Christians in the Middle-East, following massacres of Maronite Christians. At that time, France, led by Napoleon III, claimed to continue its ancient role as protector of Christians in the Ottoman Empire.

text:
# Charles-Marie-Napoléon de Beaufort d'Hautpoul

**Charles-Marie-Napoléon de Beaufort d'Hautpoul** (9 November 1804, Naples \- 18 May 1890) was a French general of the 19th century. He was born in Naples, Italy, where his father served as Colonel in the *Génie* ("Military engineering"). He entered Saint-Cyr from 1820 to 1824, and ultimately became "général de brigade d'état-major".

He participated with distinction to the Morea expedition in Greece.

In 1830, he participated to the Algiers expedition, as "Aide-de-Camp" to General Valazé.

From 1834 to 1837, he was Aide-de-Camp of French-born adventurer Suleiman Pasha, and then Chief-of-Staff of the Egyptian Sultan Ibrahim Pasha during the Egyptian campaigns in Syria and Lebanon.

He is especially known for leading in 1860, the French expedition in Lebanon in the Ottoman territory, with the agreement of the Ottoman Empire, with the objective to fulfill its mission to protect Christians in the Middle-East, following massacres of Maronite Christians. At that time, France, led by Napoleon III, claimed to continue its ancient role as protector of Christians in the Ottoman Empire.


title: Rasmussen Island

abstract: Rasmussen Island is a small island in the north part of Waddington Bay, on the west coast of Graham Land. The north entrance to Waddington Bay was named "Cap Rasmussen" by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, under Gerlache, but air photos show no significant point there which can be reidentified without ambiguity. To preserve the original name in the vicinity, the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1959 applied the name Rasmussen to this island.

text:
# Rasmussen Island

**Rasmussen Island** (65°15′S 64°5′W / 65.250°S 64.083°W / -65.250; -64.083) is a small island in the north part of Waddington Bay, on the west coast of Graham Land. The north entrance to Waddington Bay was named "Cap Rasmussen" by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, under Gerlache, but air photos show no significant point there which can be reidentified without ambiguity. To preserve the original name in the vicinity, the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1959 applied the name Rasmussen to this island.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Rasmussen Island". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.


title: 10th Landwehr Division (German Empire)

abstract: The 10th Landwehr Division was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I.

text:
# 10th Landwehr Division (German Empire)

The **10th Landwehr Division** (*10. Landwehr-Division*) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I.

* 09.Landwehr-Division (Chronik 1915/1918) - Der erste Weltkrieg
* Hermann Cron et al., *Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee* (Berlin, 1935)
* Hermann Cron, *Geschichte des deutschen Heeres im Weltkriege 1914-1918* (Berlin, 1937)
* Günter Wegner, *Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1825-1939.* (Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993), Bd. 1
* *Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914-1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919* (1920)

## InfoBox

| 10th Landwehr Division | |
| --- | --- |
| 10. Landwehr-Division | |
|  | |
| Active | World War I |
| Country | German Empire |
| Allegiance | Imperial German Army |


title: Scotland at the 1986 Commonwealth Games

abstract: Scotland competed in the 1986 Commonwealth Games as the host nation in Edinburgh between 24 July–2 August, the second time the games were held in Edinburgh. Scotland finished sixth in the medals table with 3 gold, 12 silver and 18 bronze medals.

text:
# Scotland at the 1986 Commonwealth Games

**Scotland** competed in the **1986 Commonwealth Games** as the host nation in Edinburgh between 24 July–2 August, the second time the games were held in Edinburgh.

Scotland finished sixth in the medals table with 3 gold, 12 silver and 18 bronze medals.

## Medallists

## Aquatics

The aquatics events were held at the Royal Commonwealth Pool.

### Diving

Men

| Athlete | Event | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Points | Rank |
| Peter Smith | Springboard | 443.37 | 14 |
| Stephen Forrest | | 400.86 | 15 |

Women

| Athlete | Event | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Points | Rank |
| Jane Ogden | Highboard | 321.48 | 10 |

### Swimming

Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Graeme Wilson | 100 metre freestyle | 53.15 | 4 | did not advance | |
| Duncan Cruikshank | | 55.67 | 5 | |
| Colin Bole | | 52.30 | 3 | |
| Neil Cochran | 200 metre freestyle | 1.52.69 | 1 **Q** | 1.52.49 | 5 |
| Graeme Wilson | | 1.55.74 | 3 | did not advance | |
| Craig Nelson | 400 metre freestlye | 4.09.46 | 6 | did not advance | |
| Campbell McNeil | | 4.10.30 | 5 | |
| Duncan Cruikshank | | 4.03.35 | 4 | |
| Campbell McNeil | 1500 metre freestyle | 16.29.27 | 7 | did not advance | |
| David Cruikshank | | 15.54.24 | 4 **Q** | 15.44.73 | 7 |
| Neil Cochran | 100 metre backstroke | 58.76 | 2 **Q** | 58.82 | 8 |
| Craig Nelson | | 1.01.09 | 6 | did not advance | |
| Neil Cochran | 200 metre backstroke | 2.05.94 | 3 **Q** | 2.06.52 | 7 |
| Craig Nelson | | 2.10.53 | 5 | did not advance | |
| Gary Watson | 100 metre breaststroke | 1.05.13 | 1 **Q** | 1.05.20 | 5 |
| Iain Campbell | | 1.05.14 | 3 **Q** | 1.05.30 | 6 |
| Iain Campbell | 200 metre breaststroke | 2.21.62 | 2 **Q** | 2.21.31 | 6 |
| Neil Hudghton | | 2.23.39 | 3 | did not advance | |
| Gary Watson | | 2.26.94 | | 5 |
| Richard Leishman | 100 metre butterfly | 57.28 | 3 | did not advance | |
| William McGoldrick | | 57.86 | 4 | |
| Andrew J Smith | 200 metre butterfly | 2.09.52 | 5 | did not advance | |
| Richard Leishman | | 2.06.29 | 4 | |
| William McGoldrick | | 2.06.98 | 5 | |
| **Neil Cochran** | 200 metre individual medley | 2.05.16 | 1 **Q** | 2.04.34 |  |
| Robin Brew | | 2.08.76 | 2 | did not advance | |
| Campbell McNeil | 400 metre Individual Medley | 4.51.12 | 6 | did not advance | |
| Andrew J Smith | | 4.39.70 | 6 | |
| Colin Bole
Graeme Watson
Paul Brew
Neil Cochran | 4x100 metre freestyle relay |  | | 3.29.79 | 4 |
| Graeme Wilson
Paul Brew
Colin Bole
Neil Cochran | 4x200 metre freestyle relay |  | | 7.36.31 | 4 |
| Craig Nelson
Gary Watson
Richard Leishman
Colin Bole | 4x100 metre medlay relay | 4.02.86 | 3 **Q** | 3.54.05 | 5 |

Women

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Linda Donnelly | 100 metre freestyle | 59.17 | 2 | did not advance | |
| Stephanie Watson | | 59.70 | 4 | |
| Ruth Gilfillan | | 59.27 | 3 | |
| **Ruth Gilfillan** | 200 metre freestyle |  | | 2.03.88.4 |  |
| Linda Donnelly | 400 metre freestyle | 4.25.19 | 6 | did not advance | |
| Ruth Gilfillan | | 4.19.34 | 3 **Q** | 4.17.25 | 5 |
| Elaine Gilfillan | | 4.31.27 | 7 | did not advance | |
| Ruth Gilfillan | 800 metre freestyle | 8.57.99 | 4 | did not advance | |
| Shona Cowie | | 9.16.52 | 5 | |
| Anna Ratcliff | 100 metre backstroke | 1.08.66 | 5 | did not advance | |
| Beverley Rose | | 1.05.71 | 3 **Q** | 1.05.63 | 8 |
| Jill Ewing | | 1.06.25 | 4 | did not advance | |
| Beverley Rose | 200 metre backstroke | 2.22.60 | 4 | did not advance | |
| Jill Ewing | | 2.23.61 | 5 | |
| Anna Ratcliff | | 2.24.51 | 5 | |
| **Jean Hill** | 100 metre breaststroke | 1.11.90 | 2 **Q** | 1.11.38 |  |
| Shona Smart | | 1.15.81 | 4 | did not advance | |
| Sandra MacDonald | | 1.16.70 | | 6 |
| Jean Hill | 200 metre breaststroke | 2.36.31 | 2 **Q** | 2.35.00 | 4 |
| Shona Smart | | 2.43.36 | 4 | did not advance | |
| Sandra MacDonald | 100 metre butterfly | 1.05.26 | 4 | did not advance | |
| Shona Smart | | 1.05.05 | 4 | |
| Lorraine Montford | 200 metre butterfly | 2.20.35 | 3 **Q** | 2.19.63 | 8 |
| Shona Smart | | 2.21.19 | 3 | did not advance | |
| Anna Ratcliff | 200 metre individual medley | 2.28.69 | 6 | did not advance | |
| **Jean Hill** | | 2.18.78 | 1 **Q** | 2.17.21 |  |
| Shona Smart | | 2.21.97 | 4 **Q** | 2.21.71 | 7 |
| Jean Hill | 400 metre individual medley | 4.56.19 | 3 **Q** | 4.54.11 | 5 |
| Shona Smart | | 5.03.28 | 6 | did not advance | |
| Ruth Gilfillan
Elaine Gilfillan
Stephanie Watson
Linda Donnelly | 4x100 metre freestyle relay |  | | 3.55.89 | 4 |
| Ruth Gilfillan
Elaine Gilfillan
Shona Smart
Linda Donnelly | 4x200 metre freestyle relay |  | | 8.26.58 | 4 |
| Beverley Rose
Jean Hill
Shona Smart
Linda Donnelly | 4×100 metre medley relay |  | | 4.17.89 | 4 |

### Synchronised swimming

| Athlete | Event | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank |
| Kim McIntosh | Synchronised solo | 165.93 | 5 |
| Kim McIntosh
Morwenna Penrose | Synchronised duet | 164.05 | 4 |

## Athletics

Men Track and road

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Cameron Sharp | 100 metres | 10.57 | 3 **Q** | 10.63 | 6 | did not advance | |
| Jamie Henderson | | 10.29 | 2 **Q** | 10.59 | 3 **Q** | 10.68 | 8 |
| Elliot Bunney | | 10.32 | 1 **Q** | 10.31 | 3 **Q** | 10.37 | 5 |
| George McCallum | 200 metres | 21.60 | 5 **Q** | 21.39 | 5 | did not advance | |
| Brian Whittle | | 21.34 | 4 **Q** | 21.69 | 6 | |
| Brian Nicoll | 400 metres | 49.91 | 5 **Q** | 50.07 | 6 | did not advance | |
| Martin Johnston | | 48.19 | 4 **Q** | 48.57 | 5 | |
| Brian Whittle | | 46.69 | 1 **Q** | 47.56 | 4 **Q** | 47.10 | 5 |
| Paul Forbes | 800 metres | 1:50.07 | 4 **Q** | 1:48.29 | 4 **Q** | 1:51.29 | 7 |
| **Tom McKean** | | 1:53:31 | 4 **Q** | 1:49.02 | 2 **Q** | 1:44.80 |  |
| John Robson | 1500 metres |  | | 3:43.21 | 6 **Q** | 3:57.20 | 10 |
| Alistair Currie | | | 3:44.82 | 5 | did not advance | |
| Nat Muir | 5000 metres |  | | | | 13:40.92 | 8 |
| Allister Hutton | 10,000 metres |  | | | | 30:16.50 | 11 |
| John Wallace | 110 metres hurdle |  | | 10.32 | 5 | did not advance | |
| Glenn MacDonald | | | 14.37 | 5 ||
| Mark Hardie | 400 metres hurdles | 55.68 | 5 | did not advance | | | | | |
| Mark Fulton | | 57.90 | 6 | |
| Dave McCutcheon | | 53.58 | 6 | |
| Tom Hanlon | 3000 metres steeplechase |  | | | | 8:53.56 | 10 |
| Colin Hume | | | 9:05.40 | 11 |
| Richard Charleston | | | 9:21.73 | 12 |
| **Jamie Henderson**
**Cameron Sharp**
**George McCallum**
**Elliot Bunney** | 4 × 100 metres relay |  | | | | 40.41 |  |
| Martin Johnston
Tom McKean
Paul Forbes
Brian Whittle | 4 × 400 metres relay |  | | | | 3:18.03 | 4 |
| John Graham | Marathon |  | | | | 2:12.10 | 4 |
| Fraser Clyne | | | 2:17.30 | 10 |

Field

| Athlete | Event | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Distance | Rank |
| **Geoff Parsons** | High jump | 2.28 |  |
| Bradley McStravick | Pole vault | 4.45 | 8 |
| Ken McKay | Long jump | 7.39 | 8 |
| Craig Duncan | Triple jump | 15.68 | 7 |
| Eric Irvine | Shot put | 16.73 | 9 |
| George Patience | Discus throw | 52.54 | 8 |
| Chris Black | Hammer throw | 63.88 | 8 |

Combined events – Decathlon

| Athlete | Event | 100 m | LJ | SP | HJ | 400 m | 110H | DT | PV | JT | 1500 m | Final | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Brad McStravick | Result | 10.83 | 6.73 | 13.47 | 1.93 | 49.52 | 15.15 | 40.52 | 4.40 | 56.06 | 4:33.05 | 7563 | 4 |
| | Points | 899 | 750 | 696 | 740 | 837 | 831 | 675 | 731 | 679 | | | 725 |

Women Track and road

| Athlete | Event | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Kaye Jeffrey | 100 metres | 11.55 | 4 **Q** | 11.59 | 6 |
| Sandra Whittaker | | 11.60 | 3 **Q** | 11.59 | 5 |
| Angela Bridgeman | 200 metres | 24.13 | 6 | did not advance | |
| **Sandra Whittaker** | | 23.41 | 2 **Q** | 23.46 |  |
| Fiona Hargreaves | 400 metres | 55.76 | 6 | did not advance | |
| Dawn Kitchen | | 55.52 | 6 | |
| Anne Purvis | 800 metres | 2:02.47 | 1 **Q** | 2:02.17 | 4 |
| Elizabeth MacArthur | | 2:04.40 | 4 | did not advance | |
| Christine Whittingham | 1500 metres | 4:28.04 | 6 | did not advance | |
| Yvonne Murray | | 4:11.82 | 1 **Q** | 4:14.36 | 5 |
| Lynne MacDougall | | 4:13.07 | 3 **Q** | 4:17.25 | 8 |
| **Yvonne Murray** | 3000 metres |  | | 8:55.32 |  |
| Marsela Robertson | | | 9:51.33 | 9 |
| **Liz Lynch** | 10,000 metres |  | | 31:41.42 |  |
| Andrea Everett | | | 33:56.43 | 9 |
| Christine Price | | | 33:59.90 | 10 |
| Pat Rollo | 100 metres hurdles | 14 | 7 | did not advance | |
| Ann Girvan | | 13.60 | 6 | |
| Moira McBeath | 400 metres hurdles | 1.04.03 | 6 | did not advance | |
| Ann Girvan
Kaye Jeffrey
Angela Bridgeman
Sandra Whittaker | 4 × 100 metres relay |  | | 45.84 | 4 |
| Sandra Whittaker
Anne Purvis
Dawn Kitchen
Fiona Hargreaves | 4 × 400 metres relay |  | | 3:42.86 | 4 |
| Lorna Irving | Marathon |  | | 2:36.34 | 5 |

Field

| Athlete | Event | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Distance | Rank |
| Jayne Barnetson | High jump | 1.83 | 7 |
| Lorraine Campbell | Long jump | 5.65 | 12 |

Combined events – Heptathlon

| Athlete | Event | 100H | HJ | SP | 200 m | LJ | JT | 800 m | Final | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Valerie Walsh | Result | 14.26 | 1.76 | 11.11 | 25.59 | 5.51 | 36.82 |  | 5420 | 8 |
| | Points | 942 | 928 | 602 | 833 | 703 | | | | 606 |
|

## Badminton

| Athlete | Event | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final/
Bronze Medal Match | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition
Score | Opposition
Score | Opposition
Score | Opposition
Score | |
| Alexander White | Men's singles | Yeung Yik Kei (HKG)
**W** (15-6, 15-2) | Mike Butler (CAN)
**W** (15-2, 15-6) | Steve Baddeley (ENG)
**L** (15-10, 14-4) | Nick Yates (ENG)
**L** (15-9, 15-10) | 4 |
| Ken Middlemiss | | John Goss (CAN)
**W** (15-5, 15-9) | Sze Yu (AUS)
**L** (15-4, 15-0) | did not advance | | |
| Elinor Allen | Women's singles | Denyse Julien (CAN)
**L** (11-3, 11-5) | did not advance | | | |
| **Billy Gilliland**
**Dan Travers** | Men's doubles | Phil Horne
Graeme Robson (NZL)
**W** (15-2, 11-15, 18-14) | Mike Butler
Ken Poole (CAN)
**W** (15-3, 15-3) | Michael Scandolera
Paul Kong (AUS)
**W** (15-9, 9-15, 15-2) | Andy Goode
Nigel Tier (ENG)
**W** (15-8, 15-8) |  |
| Alexander White
Iain Pringle | | Andy Goode
Nigel Tier (ENG)
**L** (10-15, 15-6, 17-16) | did not advance | | | |
| Elinor Allen
Jenny Allen | Women's doubles | Gillian Clark
Gillian Gowers (ENG)
**L** (15-2, 15-9) | did not advance | | | |
| Christine Heatly
Aileen Nairn | | Johanne Falardeau
Denyse Julien (CAN)
**L** (15-3, 15-8) | |
| Ken Middlemiss
Aileen Nairn | Mixed doubles | Ken Poole
Linda Cloutier (CAN)
**L** (15-9, 15-10) | did not advance | | | |
| Dan Travers
Elinor Allen | | Michael Scandolera
Audrey Tuckey (AUS)
**L** (15-5, 15-0) | |
| Iain Pringle
Jenny Allen | | Paul Martin
Sharron Baird (IOM)
**W** (15-1, 15-1) | Andy Goode
Fiona Elliott (ENG)
**L** (15-0, 15-0) | did not advance | | |
| **Billy Gilliland**
**Christine Heatly** | | Darren McDonald
Julie McDonald (AUS)
**W** (17-14, 15-9) | Glenn Stewart
Karen Phillips (NZL)
**W** (15-5, 15-3) | Andy Goode
Fiona Elliott (ENG)
**L** (15-14, 18-15) | Ken Poole
Linda Cloutier (CAN)
**W** (15-12, 17-14) |  |
| Scotland | Mixed team |  | Hong Kong (HKG) **W** 5-0
Guernsey (GGY) **W** 5-0
Canada (CAN) **L** 3-2 | England (ENG)
**L** 4-1 | Australia (AUS)
**L** 3-2 | 4 |

## Boxing

Men

| Athlete | Event | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Finals | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Rank |
| **Wilson Docherty** | Light flyweight (48kg) |  | Mark Epton (ENG) **L** | did not advance |  |
| Andrew Docherty | Flyweight (51kg) | Steve Beaupré (CAN) **L** | did not advance | | |
| **Glen Brooks** | Bantamweight (54kg) | Sean Ward (WAL) **W** | Sean Murphy (ENG) **L** | did not advance |  |
| Charlie Kane | Featherweight (57kg) | Chris Carleton (NIR) **L** | did not advance | | |
| Jim Pender | Light welterweight (63.5kg) | Howard Grant (CAN) **L** | did not advance | | |
| **James McAllister** | Welterweight (67kg) | Sterling Ebanks (CAY) **W** | John Shaw (CAN) **W** | Darren Dyer (ENG) **L** |  |
| **Alec Mullen** | Light middleweight (71kg) | Se'ese Fidow (SAM) **W** | Rick Finch (AUS) **L** | did not advance |  |
| **George Ferrie** | Middleweight (75kg) | James Iauhuat (VAN) **W** | Rod Douglas (ENG) **L** | did not advance |  |
| **Harry Lawson** | Light heavyweight (81kg) | Noel Thomas (CAY) **W** | Byron Pullen (WAL) **W** | Jim Moran (ENG) **L** |  |
| **Doug Young** | Heavyweight (91kg) | Kevin McCormack (WAL) **W** | Eric Cardouza (ENG) **W** | Jimmy Peau (NZL) **L** |  |

## Cycling

Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Quartfinal | | Semifinal | | Final/Bronze Medal Match | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time/
Score | Rank | Time/
Score | Rank | Time/
Score | Rank | Time/
Score | Rank |
| Eddie Alexander | Time trial |  | | | | | | 1.08.13 | 8 |
| Stewart Brydon | | | 1.10.16 | 15 |
| Alistair Adams | | | 1.10.66 | 16 |
| **Eddie Alexander** | Sprint | **Q** | | 2-0 | **W** | 2-1 | **L** | 2-0 |  |
| Stewart Brydon | | **R** | | 2-0 | **L** | did not advance | | | |
| Ken Clark | Individual pursuit | 5:08:37 | 13 | did not advance | | | | | |
| Alistair Adams | | 5:19:85 | 15 | |
| Ken Clark
David Hannah
Malcolm Little
Bob Melrose | Team time trial |  | | | | | | 2.22.49 | 7 |

## Lawn Bowls

The lawn bowls were held at Balgreen.

Men

| Athlete | Event | Round Robin | | | | | | | | | | | | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Score | Score | Score | Score | Score | Score | Score | Score | Score | Score | Score | Score | |
| **Richard Corsie** | Singles | Fong (FIJ)
**W** 21 - 18 | Smith (GGY)
**W** 21 - 17 | Thomson (ENG)
**W** 21 - 12 | Wallace (CAN)
**L** 21 - 19 | Schuback (AUS)
**L** 21 - 13 | David (BOT)
**W** 21 - 7 | Young (MAW)
**W** 21 - 10 | Hill (WAL)
**W** 21 - 14 | Bosley (HKG)
**W** 21 - 7 | Espie (NIR)
**W** 21 - 19 | Dickison (NZL)
**L** 21 - 12 | Le Marquand (JEY)
**W** 21 - 8 |  |
| **Grant Knox**
**George Adrain** | Pairs | Fiji (FIJ)
**W** 30 - 13 | England (ENG)
**W** 22 - 12 | Canada (CAN)
**W** 24 - 17 | Botswana (BOT)
**W** 28 - 14 | Jersey (JEY)
**W** 21 - 11 | Wales (WAL)
**W** 20 - 18 | Hong Kong (HKG)
**W** 21 - 13 | Guernsey (GUE)
**W** 25 - 12 | Malawi (MAW)
**W** 22 - 11 | Northern Ireland (NIR)
**W** 26 - 14 | New Zealand (NZL)
**W** 17 - 13 | Australia (AUS)
**W** 27 - 14 |  |
| Graham Robertson
Jim Boyle
Malcolm Graham
Willie Harkness | Fours | Guernsey (GGY)
**W** 26 - 11 | Fiji (FIJ)
**W** 19 - 15 | England (ENG)
**W** 23 - 15 | Canada (CAN)
**L** 30 - 14 | Botswana (BOT)
**W** 26 - 18 | Australia (AUS)
**L** 22 - 15 | Wales (WAL)
**L** 22 - 13 | Swaziland (SWZ)
**W** 24 - 19 | Hong Kong (HKG)
**W** 22 - 15 | Northern Ireland (NIR)
**L** 31 - 15 | New Zealand (NZL)
**L** 25 - 17 |  | 6 |

Women

| Athlete | Event | Round Robin | | | | | | | | | | | | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Score | Score | Score | Score | Score | Score | Score | Score | Score | Score | Score | Score | |
| **Senga McCrone** | Singles | le Tissier (GGY)
**W** 21 - 1 | Line (ENG)
**L** 21 - 8 | Hunter (CAN)
**W** 21 - 20 | Ryan (NZL)
**W** 21 - 18 | Anderson (BOT)
**W** 21-7 | Fahey (AUS)
**W** 21 - 20 | Blattman (JER)
**W** 21 - 6 | Dainton (WAL)
**W** 21 - 19 | Humphreys (HKG)
**L** 21 - 11 | Bell (NIR)
**W** 21 - 8 | Lum On (FIJ)
**W** |  |  |
| Nan Mulholland
Greta Boyle | Pairs | Fiji (FIJ)
**W** 18 - 14 | England (ENG)
**W** 25 - 10 | Canada (CAN)
**L** 17 - 13 | Botswana (BOT)
**L** 18 - 17 | Australia (AUS)
**L** 19 - 17 | Wales (WAL)
**L** 23 - 17 | Hong Kong (HKG)
**L** 24 - 15 | Northern Ireland (NIR)
**W** 20 - 15 | New Zealand (NZL)
**W** 22 - 20 | Guernsey (GGY)
**L** |  | | 8 |
| Annette Evans
Frances Whyte
Jen Menzies
Sarah Gourlay | Fours | Malawi (MAW)
**D** 19 - 19 | England (ENG)
**L** 19 - 18 | Swaziland (SWZ)
**L** 23 - 18 | Canada (CAN)
**W** 21 - 16 | New Zealand (NZL)
**W** 22 - 18 | Fiji (FIJ)
**W** 25 - 18 | Australia (AUS)
**W** 18 - 14 | Wales (WAL)
**W** 26 - 16 | Botswana (BOT)
**L** 21 - 12 | Guernsey (GGY)
**L** 21 - 19 | Hong Kong (HKG)
**W** 24 - 19 | Northern Ireland (NIR)
**W** 24 - 14 | 7 |

## Rowing

Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Repechage | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Phillip Kittermaster | Single sculls | 7:40.34 | 2 | 7:28.52 | 2 **Q** | 7:45.67 | 4 |
| Ian Wilson
Russell Lucas | Double sculls | 7:40.56 | 3 | 7:00.36 | 5 | did not advance | |
| **Ewan Pearson**
**David Riches** | Coxless pairs | 7:01.54 | 1 **Q** |  | | 6:43.06 |  |
| Martin Holmes
Douglas McFarlane
William Brown
Quintin McKellar | Coxless fours | 7:01.54 | 3 | 3 **Q** | | 6:21.26 | 5 |
| John Bowie
David Nolan
Charles Ivatt
David Ivatt | Coxed fours | 7:25.62 | 2 | 6:50.91 | 3 **Q** | 6:38.14 | 5 |
| Charles Ivatt
John Bowie
Archie McConnell
Doug McFarlane
Martin Holmes
Quintin McKellar
William Brown
David Ivatt
Joe Kelly | Eights |  | | | | 5:54.50 | 5 |
| Jim Sloan | Lightweight single sculls | 7:41.7 | 3 | 7:37:34 | 5 | did not advance | |
| Tom Baxter
Duncan Warwick
Auster McNaughton
David Nolan | Lightweight coxless fours |  | | | | 6:52.48 | 6 |

Women

| Athlete | Event | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank |
| Fiona Nowak
Amanda Towrie | Double sculls | 7:56.03 | 4 |
| Fiona Freckleton
Morag Simpson | Coxless pairs | 8:10.47 | 4 |
| Karen Barton
Eleanor McNish
Christine Brown
Patricia McKellar | Coxed fours | 7:31.54 | 6 |
| Carol-Ann Wood | Lightweight single sculls | 8:06.46 | 5 |
| Karen Barton
Eleanor McNish
Christine Brown
Patricia McKellar | Lightweight coxless four | 7:18.31 | 5 |

## Shooting

Open events Pistol

| Athlete | Event | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Points | Rank |
| Ian Lang | Free Pistol | 536 | 10 |
| Robin MacDonald | | 521 | 13 |
| Robin MacDonald
Ian Lang | Free Pistol – Pairs | 1023 | 6 |
| Stuart Rankine | Centre-Fire Pistol | 575 | 7 |
| Jim Tollan | | 575 | 8 |
| Stuart Rankine
Jim Tollan | Centre-Fire Pistol – Pairs | 1139 | 4 |
| Hugh Love | Rapid-Fire Pistol | 578 | 8 |
| Hugh Hunter | | 577 | 9 |
| Hugh Love
Hugh Hunter | Rapid-Fire Pistol – Pairs | 1144 | 6 |
| Ian Lang | Air Pistol | 562 | 9 |
| Stuart Rankine | | 562 | 10 |
| Ian Lang
Stuart Rankine | Air Pistol – Pairs | 1116 | 6 |

Rifle

| Athlete | Event | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Points | Rank |
|
| **Alister Allan** | Rifle Prone | 598 |  |
| **John Knowles** | | 597 |  |
| Alister Allan
John Knowles | Rifle Prone – Pairs | 1155 | 6 |
| **Alister Allan** | Rifle Three Positions | 1167 |  |
| Bill Macneill | | 1120 | 11 |
| **Alister Allan**
**Bill Macneill** | Rifle Three Positions – Pairs | 2241 |  |
| Richard Simpson | Full Bore Rifle | 394 | 5 |
| Arthur Clarke | | 391 | 8 |
| Arthur Clarke
Richard Simpson | Full Bore Rifle – Pairs | 5817 | 6 |
| Bill Macneill | Air Rifle | 577 | 6 |
| Alister Allen | | 569 | 11 |
| Alister Allan
Bill Macneill | Air Rifle – Pairs | 1137 | 4 |

Shotgun

| Athlete | Event | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Points | Rank |
| Martin Girvan | Trap | 189 | 5 |
| Sandy Dunbar | | 180 | 14 |
| Martin Girvan
Sandy Dunbar | Trap – Pairs | 180 | 5 |
| Ian Marsden | Skeet | 193 | 6 |
| Jim Dunlop | | 192 | 7 |
| Ian Marsden
Jim Dunlop | Skeet – Pairs | 184 | 8 |

## Weightlifting

Five competitors withdrew from the flyweight event due to the 1986 Commonwealth Games boycott resulting in the category only having three competitors. According to games rules this meant that only the gold medal was awarded. A Games Federation meeting two days later overturned this decision and the silver medal was awarded to Charlie Revolta and the bronze to Alan Ogilvie.

| Athlete | Event | Weight Lifted | | Total | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Snatch | Clean & jerk | | |
|
| **Charlie Revolta** | Flyweight | 82.5 | 102.5 | 185 |  |
| **Alan Ogilvie** | | 75 | 102.5 | 177.5 |  |
| John McNiven | 56kg | 85 | 110 | 195 | 4 |
| Norman Cummingham | 67.5kg | 102.5 | 125 | 227.5 | 4 |
| Graham Cummingham | | 90 | 105 | 195 | 5 |
| Jim Strachan | 75kg | 105 | 130 | 235 | 4 |
| John McNiven Jun | | 100 | 130 | 230 | 5 |
| Charles Murray | 90kg | 120 | 165 | 265 | 5 |

## Wrestling

Men

| Athlete | Event | Group rounds | | Finals | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Rank |
| **David Connelly** | Light flyweight (48kg) | Duncan Burns (ENG) **L** | Ron Moncur (CAN) **L** |  |  |
| Paul Nedley | Bantamweight (57kg) | Paul Farrugia (MLT) **W** | Steven Reinsfield (NZL) **L** | Brian Aspen (ENG) **L** | 4 |
| Brian Miller | Featherweight (62kg) | Gavin Beswick (ENG) **L** | Dan Cumming (CAN) **L** | Mark Bowman (NIR) **W** | 5 |
| Chris McKay | Lightweight (68kg) |  | Zsigi Kelevitz (AUS) **L** | Steve Cooper (ENG) | 4 |
| Calum McNeill | Welterweight (74kg) | Geoff Marsh (AUS) **L** | Zane Coleman (NZL) **L** | Fitzlloyd Walker (ENG) **L** | 4 |
| Paul Beattie | Middleweight (82kg) | Wally Koenig (AUS) **L** | did not advance | | |
| **Graeme English** | Light heavyweight (90kg) |  | Doug Cox (CAN) **L** | Alan Thompson (AUS) **W** |  |
| Bill Robertson | Heavyweight (100kg) | David Kilpin (ENG) **L** | Robert Algie (NZL) **L** | Ivan Weir (NIR) **W** | 5 |
| **Albert Patrick** | Super heavyweight (130kg) |  | Dru Schaffer (AUS) **W** | Wayne Brightwell (CAN) **L** |  |

## InfoBox

| Scotland at the
1986 Commonwealth Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| CGF code | SCO |
| CGA | Commonwealth Games Scotland |
| in Edinburgh, Scotland | |
| Medals
Ranked 6th | Gold 3 Silver 12 Bronze 18 Total 33 |
| Commonwealth Games appearances (overview) | |
|  | |


title: Diasemia disjectalis

abstract: Diasemia disjectalis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1852. It is found in South Africa and Zambia.

text:
# Diasemia disjectalis

***Diasemia disjectalis*** is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Philipp Christoph Zeller in 1852. It is found in South Africa and Zambia.

## InfoBox

| *Diasemia disjectalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Diasemia* |
| Species: | ***D. disjectalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Diasemia disjectalis***<br>(Zeller, 1852) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pyralis disjectalis* Zeller, 1852 | |


title: Tapirus cristatellus

abstract: Tapirus cristatellus is an extinct species of tapir from the Pleistocene of South America. Remains are known from Brazil, specifically the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia. The now extinct tapirs of Pleistocene North America may have been derived from T. cristatellus.

text:
# Tapirus cristatellus

***Tapirus cristatellus*** is an extinct species of tapir from the Pleistocene of South America. Remains are known from Brazil, specifically the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia.

The now extinct tapirs of Pleistocene North America may have been derived from *T. cristatellus*.

## InfoBox

| *Tapirus cristatellus*
Temporal range: Late Pleistocene | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Perissodactyla |
| Family: | Tapiridae |
| Genus: | *Tapirus* |
| Species: | ***T. cristatellus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tapirus cristatellus***
H. Winge, 1906 | |
|


title: Sarasota County Library System

abstract: The Sarasota County Library System is the public library system that serves Sarasota County in the U.S. state of Florida. It consists of 10 locations, including a central library located in the city of Sarasota.

text:
# Sarasota County Library System

**The Sarasota County Library System** is the public library system that serves Sarasota County in the U.S. state of Florida. It consists of 10 locations, including a central library located in the city of Sarasota.

## History

The Sarasota Town Improvement Society established its first library in 1907. Over the years the system increased in size, and today there are ten library branches associated with Sarasota County Public Library System.

Every library provides patrons with adult, teen, and children's materials, along with computers for public use and Wi-Fi access. Sarasota County residents have access to Book-By-Mail, a convenient and free service to send library materials through the U.S. Postal Service to people who are unable to access the library collection due to temporary or long-term physical or visual disability, and Pinellas Talking Book Library. Through the latter, "residents of all ages who are unable to read standard print material due to visual, physical, or learning disabilities are provided recorded, Braille, and large-print books and magazines as well as a collection of descriptive videos and Playaways."

Sarasota County library patrons also have access to interlibrary loans (ILL), which allows patrons to borrow items from other library systems in Florida when the Sarasota County libraries do not own the material. They participate in the Florida Library Information Network (FLIN) to borrow materials from other participating Florida libraries through the SHAREit service. Sarasota County residents with a library card in good standing can request interlibrary loans. Individuals who purchase a visitor card (aka "non-resident card") will also have access to ILL if their cards are in good standing. Library accounts must have fines below $10 and the card cannot be expired.

The Sarasota County Library System has a range of materials chosen based on the Collection Development Policy. These materials are selected by librarians using professional review sources. The system also takes recommendations from patrons.

In addition to digital resources, Sarasota County Libraries also has Pop-Up Library Services that make scheduled stops (also available by request), to "public parks, childcare facilities, condominium complexes, retirement communities, senior centers, recreational facilities and more." Services include tech assistance, borrowing materials, returning materials, and other inquiries.

The mission statement of the Sarasota County Libraries is "to offer equal access to information, foster lifelong learning and inspire community engagement."

In 2012, Sarasota was named "Florida Library of the Year" by the Florida Library Association.

## Branches

### Elsie Quirk Library

The Elsie Quirk Library was established on June 15, 1962. The 1,400 square feet (130 m2) library was established by Elsie Quirk after she visited a small community library while on vacation in North Carolina in 1961. When Quirk returned from vacation, she donated land at 101 Cocoanut Avenue in Englewood, along with $10,000. In 1961 the Friends of the Library was established headed by Leah Lasbury, Josephine Cortes and President Lois Potter. This library is the oldest in the library system of Sarasota county. Elsie Quirk's first librarian was Harriet Ives, a graduate of the University of Syracuse, with a Master's degree in Library Science, with a salary of $1 an hour. The library currently houses a selection on genealogy.

The Friends of the Library was established in 1961, headed by Leah Lasbury, Josephine Cortez and President Lois Potter. The Lemon Bay Women's Club donated 3600 books to the Elsie Quirk Library. It was staffed by many volunteers, including Quirk herself.

This library became a major part of the Englewood Community. In 2001 it was upgraded, and has become the Elsie Quirk Public Library.

### Frances T. Bourne Jacaranda Library

The Jacaranda Library was established on January 25, 1994, in Venice. In 1995, it changed its name to the Frances T. Bourne Jacaranda Library, dedicated to the former archivist in the U.S. State Department who helped raise funds to create the library.

In 2004, the library received an addition to the building that doubled its size. The architect who designed the addition aimed to incorporate the natural world with the building by emphasizing the buildings natural surroundings (the campus features a pond filled with lilies and is adjacent to a walking trail). The interior walls also feature many murals and paintings that reflect the Florida environment.

### Fruitville Library

The Fruitville Public Library was established in 2001 and serves Sarasota County and Lakewood Ranch residents. In 2003, a reading garden was opened to the public, along with a bookstore. The bookstore is run by the Friends of the Fruitville Public Library.

### Gulf Gate Library

The Gulf Gate Library opened in 1977, originally located in a storefront on Gateway Avenue. On December 5, 1983, the library opened its doors.

After much wear and tear over the years, the Friends of the Gulf Gate Library raised funds to build a new library. The library shut down in 2013 and temporarily relocated for two years to the Sarasota Square Mall.

The new library re-opened to the public on January 24, 2015, at its original location. Upon its re-opening, the library received *Reader's Digest*'s "Most Impressive" award for the state of Florida in their "The Most Impressive Library in Every State" article. In 2016, the library was nominated as "the most beautiful library in Florida" by Tech Insider.

### North Port Library

In 1975, funds were raised to purchase a two-bedroom house was purchased on Tamiami Trail, which was enlarged to serve as a library. It was a free library, staffed only by volunteers, and operating with 5,000 donated books. In 1992, the library outgrew the house and a new library building was built. The library now has a used book store.

### Shannon Staub Library

The Shannon Staub Library opened on October 17, 2017. The 23,321-square-foot facility serves as both a public library and the library for the technical college. The namesake of the library, Shannon Staub, stays very active within the Sarasota County Public Library System as a retiree. Staub was a 14-year Sarasota County commissioner who represented North Port, Englewood, and Venice. She was a significant proponent for public libraries, becoming a founding chair of the Library Foundation of Sarasota County in 2012.

### Betty J. Johnson North Sarasota Library

The North Sarasota Library once offered a program that allows patrons to check out a person, just like checking out a library book. Through this program, local community members sit and talk with patrons for 20 minutes. In 2019 the North Sarasota Library was renamed as the Betty J. Johnson North Sarasota Library in honor of a county employee who had worked for the library system for over four decades. Betty Johnson was an advocate for youth literacy and in 1979 had, along with the help of a not-for-profit library organization (the Friends of the Library), secured a grant of $10,000 to start a mobile library that eventually grew to become the North Sarasota Library in 2003.

### Osprey Library at Historic Spanish Point

This small library is located inside the main building at Historic Spanish Point in Osprey, which also used to be the Osprey School. With an archaeological record that encompasses approximately 5,000 years of Florida prehistory, this National Register of Historic Places living history museum is referred to as one of the largest intact actively preserved archaeological sites of the prehistoric period on the Gulf Coast of Florida.

### Selby Library

The Selby Library was established in 1907, as the first library built in Sarasota County. It remains the county's largest. Started in 1907 using a small donation from the Sarasota Town Improvement Society, it began as a single room housing books mostly donated by John Hamilton Gillespie, Sarasota's first mayor. It was located in the Stone Block Building on the southwest corner of Main Street and Pineapple Avenue.

In 1913, the Women's Club assumed operations. The library was moved to the club's headquarters, today the site of Florida Studio Theatre, where it remained from 1915 to 1931. The Sarasota County School Board then donated a wing of a school building on Main Street when more space was needed to accommodate the library's growing collections. In 1940, the city assumed control of the library, and one year later moved it to the Chidsey Library on Tamiami Trail.

In 1976, a new library was built on the bayfront and named the Selby Library in honor of the William G. and Marie Selby Foundation, whose donated funds made the new library possible. This permanent endowment was established by William Selby before his death in 1956.

The library moved from its bay front location to its new downtown location at Five Points Park in 1998, keeping its Selby name.

The library includes an extensive music collection and archive of sheet music.

### William H. Jervey Jr. Venice Library

The original Venice Library was built in 1965. In 2012, mold was discovered in one of the library's meeting rooms in which the county underwent efforts to clean the building. However, the problem persisted, and in 2014 mold returned to the meeting room. As a result, county officials closed down the meeting room as mold continued to spread throughout the library.

In spring 2017, the Venice Library was demolished and construction began in the fall for a new library. The William H. Jervey Jr. Venice Public Library opened on December 15, 2018. This new building is a 24,000 square feet (2,200 m2) structure with 19,000 square feet (1,800 m2) of usable space with the implementation of glass to allow for natural light.

The building is named after William H. Jervey, Jr. who donated $1 million towards the project. He frequented the library often, and worked with Sweet Sparksman to construct the 19,428-square-foot building. He was initially critical of the closing of the original library. Jervey also donated $250,000 as an estate gift to the entire Sarasota Public Library System. The library invested in computers, charging stations, as well as a Creation Station that also makes 3D printing possible.

26°57′46″N 82°21′19″W / 26.9629°N 82.3552°W / 26.9629; -82.3552

## InfoBox

| Sarasota County Library System | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Sarasota County, Florida, United States |
| Established | 1907 (1907) |
| Branches | 10 |
| Other information | |
| Budget | $15.2 million (FY 2020) |
| Director | Renee Di Pilato |
| Employees | 158.5 FTE |
| Website | sarasotacountylibraries.com |
| References: FY 2020 Adopted Budget | |


abstract: Seychelles competed at the 1992 Summer Paralympics in Barcelona, Spain, making their Paralympic Games debut. The country sent a two sportspeople strong delegation that included athlete Elvis Victor and swimmer Cyrl Charles. Neither sportsperson won a medal, and Seychelles would not compete at another Paralympic Games until the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio.

text:
# Seychelles at the 1992 Summer Paralympics

**Seychelles** competed at the **1992 Summer Paralympics** in Barcelona, Spain, making their Paralympic Games debut. The country sent a two sportspeople strong delegation that included athlete Elvis Victor and swimmer Cyrl Charles. Neither sportsperson won a medal, and Seychelles would not compete at another Paralympic Games until the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio.

## Background

The country made their Paralympic Games debut at the 1992 Games in Barcelona. Following these Games, they would be absent from the Paralympics until the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio. Seychelles Paralympic participation contrasts to its participation in Special Olympics's World Games. The country sent 31 competitors to the 1999 World Games and 34 to the 2003 Games. It also contrasts to the Deaflympics, where Seychelles has never sent a team.

## Team

The delegation consisted of two competitors: Elvis Victor, who competed in one track and field athletics event, and Cyrl Charles, who competed in one swimming event. Charles was also registered to compete in track and field athletics in the men's shot put THS4, but he did not participate in that event. The team left Barcelona not having won any medals.

## Athletics

Elvis Victor competed in one track and field athletics event. Competing in the men's shot put THS4, he threw a best distance of 5.68m to finish eighth. Cyrl Charles was also registered to compete in track and field athletics in the men's shot put THS4, but he did not participate in that event.

| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Elvis Victor | Men's shot put THS4 | 5.68 | 8 |
| Cyrl Charles | Men's Shot Put THS3 | dns | dns |

## Swimming

Cyrl Charles competed in one swimming event. He posted a time of 41.59 in heat 1, finishing eighth and not advancing out of the heats.

| Athlete | Event | Heats | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Cyrl Charles | Men's 50 m freestyle S10 | 41.59 | 24 | did not advance | |

## InfoBox

| Seychelles at the<br>1992 Summer Paralympics | |
| --- | --- |
| Flag of Seychelles | |
| IPC code | SEY |
| in Barcelona | |
| Competitors | 2 in 2 sports |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| Summer Paralympics appearances (overview) | |
|  | |


title: Charles-Louis Verboeckhoven

abstract: Charles-Louis Verboeckhoven was a Belgian marine painter in the Romantic style. His first names are often given as Louis-Charles.

text:
# Charles-Louis Verboeckhoven

**Charles-Louis Verboeckhoven** (5 February 1802, Comines-Warneton \- 25 September 1889, Brussels) was a Belgian marine painter in the Romantic style. His first names are often given as **Louis-Charles**.

## Biography

His father, Barthélemy Verboeckhoven, was a sculptor and his older brother, Eugène, was an animal painter, both of whom provided his first artistic training. In 1815, the family moved to Ghent, where he developed an interest in marine painting and came under the influence of Frans Balthasar Solvyns.

In 1827, along with his father and brother, he established himself in Brussels and, that same year, exhibited two paintings ("Angry Sea" and "Calm Sea") at the local Salon. His work enjoyed immediate popularity. In 1830, however, he turned from painting, becoming involved in the political events that led to the independence of Belgium. He and Eugène both joined the "Korps Jagers van Chasteler" (named after Johann Gabriel Chasteler de Courcelles) and participated in several military actions during the Revolution.

Afterward, his life was essentially a round of exhibitions, including the "Triennial Salons" of Brussels, Ghent and Antwerp and smaller salons in the provinces; punctuated by frequent trips to the coasts of the Netherlands, France and England. By 1837, he appears to have been living in Antwerp. Later, he concentrated on selling his paintings abroad.

After 1842, he used brighter colors and his style became more realistic. Very often, the foreground figures were provided by his brother, who reportedly performed the same service for several well-known landscape painters. Many of his works are set in small harbors along the Scheldt, which have since disappeared and cannot be identified with any certainty.

Toward the end of his career, he was appointed a member of the Rijksakademie. His son, Louis (1827-1884), was also a painter.

## Further reading

* Edward H. H. Archibald, *Dictionary of Sea Painters of Europe and America*, 3rd ed., Antique Collectors' Club, 2000 ISBN 1-85149-269-0
* Norbert Hostyn, "Charles-Louis Verboeckhoven", in : *Nationaal Biografisch Woordenboek*, Académie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique, 1981
* Patrick & Viviane Berko and Norbert Hostyn, *Marines van Belgische schilders geboren tussen 1750 en 1875*, Laconti, 1984
* John J. Hattendorf (ed.), the *Oxford Encyclopedia of Maritime History*, 2007, article by P. & V. Berko and Selina Maclennan, ISBN 978-0-19-513075-1

## InfoBox

| Charles-Louis Verboeckhoven | |
| --- | --- |
| Portrait by Xavier de Cock , 1830 - 1850 | |
| Born | Charles-Louis Verboeckhoven
(1802-02-05)5 February 1802
Comines-Warneton |
| Died | 25 September 1889(1889-09-25) (aged 87)
Brussels, Belgium |
| Occupation | Painter |
| Relatives | Barthélemy Verboeckhoven (father) Eugène (brother) |


title: Raymond L. Wise

abstract: Raymond L. Wise was a 20th-Century attorney and member of the board of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). He served as attorney for William Perl, a friend of Julius Rosenberg and thus part of the Rosenberg Case on Soviet atomic espionage.

text:
# Raymond L. Wise

**Raymond L. Wise** was a 20th-Century attorney and member of the board of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). He served as attorney for William Perl, a friend of Julius Rosenberg and thus part of the Rosenberg Case on Soviet atomic espionage.

## Background

Wise was born in 1895 or 1896 in New York City. In 1916, he obtained a bachelor's degree from (then) Columbia College (now Columbia University) in 1916. In 1919, he obtained a law degree from Columbia University Law School.

## Career

He served as special assistant to the United States Attorney for the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York from 1921 to 1922. He then served as deputy assistant New York State attorney general, 1928–1929.

Wise served on the ACLU's board of directors from 1933 to 1951. During that time, he wrote in opposition of the Mundt-Nixon Bill of 1948 over the issue of "guilt by association" (see "Writings," below).

Wise was an attorney for William Perl in the Rosenberg Case (see next section below).

Wise was a member of the committee on professional ethics of the Florida bar from 1964 to 1968 and chairman of the committee on professional ethics of the Dade County Bar Association from 1962 to 1966.

## Defense of William Perl (Rosenberg Case)

Raymond L. Wise "of 80 Broad Street" was an attorney for William Perl, American physicist specializing in jet propulsion and supersonic flight – and Soviet spy in the Rosenberg Case, as documents in the FBI's online "Vault" show.

### Pretrial

By August 29, 1950, Wise was advising Perl to cooperate. Perl appeared before the Rosenberg Grand Jury in the summer of 1950, denying any relationship to the Rosenberg spy ring. On March 10, 1951, Wise and Perl met with FBI agents; Wise stated that Perl had paid him a "substantial fee" as retainer. On March 15, 1951, Perl was arrested. In April 1951, FBI advised Wise that they would make no deal with Perl over a plea of perjury. Wise argued that the Government lacked jurisdiction to indict, to no avail. The Government delayed the trial in September 1951 due to Wise's illness. In June 1952, Wise asked for a reduction in bail from twenty to five thousand dollars; the judge reserved the decision. In December 1952, Wise asked for another deferral, as he would be in Florida for the winter; the judge decided to keep to resumption in February 1953. In March 1953, Wise again asked for deferral until after Wise's return from Florida on April 21, 1953, stating that Perl would otherwise ask for adjournment. On March 26, 1953, the Government agreed to resume on May 4, 1953. After his return in late April 1953, Wise "stated in strict confidence that he felt Perl should pleasd guilty and cooperate with Government in giving espionage into." By early May 1953, Wise reported that Perl remained unwilling to cooperate. On May 4, 1953, U.S. Judge Thomas Francis Murphy (government prosecutor in the Hiss Case) referred trial for instant case of perjury to Judge Sylvester J. Ryan of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, to commence on May 19, 1953, with Lloyd McMahon and Robert Martin prosecuting and Raymond L. Wise and Stanley Kanavek defending.

### Trial

In court, the Government argued that Perl had knowingly lied that he knew Julius Rosenberg and Morton Sobell when they were all members of the Young Communists League or that he knew Helene Elitcher, Michael Sidorovich, or Anne Sidorvich. Wise argued that Perl did not lie intentionally. Perl could not explain how or whether Vivian Glassman had given him paper with Rosenberg's name on it because Perl had destroyed the paper. He could not explain why Sobell had used him as a job reference. Wise then argued that, earlier, Perl had appeared voluntarily when answering, not as a defendant and not under oath. On May 26, 1953, in his summation, Wise argued that Perl believed his answers true at the time he was answering. For instance, he answered truthfully that he did not "know" Sobell, as in "intimately," not whether he ever knew him at all. As for evidence from Helene Ellitcher, Wise argued that the court could only expect her to corroborate the testimony of her husband, Max Elitcher, a communist and known perjurer. Perl had no motive to perjure himself; Wise asked for acquittal on all four perjury charges. On May 22, 1953, Perl was found guilty on two counts of perjury for lying about his "acquaintance and association" with Rosenberg and Sobell (and acquitted of two other counts). Perl served two concurrent five-year sentences at the New York House of Detention.

## Personal and death

Wise married Nadine Trope; they had two sons.

He was considered to be an "authority on legal ethics." Later in life, he lived in North Miami.

On July 6, 1986, Wise died of heart failure at the Miami Heart Institute, age 91.

## Writings

In June 1948, he submitted a letter to *The New York Times* with a "careful study" of the provisions of the Mundt-Nixon Bill. Summarizing its spirit and intent, he wrote:

> It is contrary to our fundamental theories of government to penalize or put pressure on expression of opinion or on free association in advance of personal criminal guilt, established after arial by due process of law. No political groups are singled out for special criminal laws. We do not recognize 'guilt by association.'

### Articles

* "We Still Need a Bill of Rights," *The Nation* (1939)
* "The Mundt-Nixon Bill: Unconstitutionality of Pending Legislation is Charged," *The New York Times* (1948)
* "Veto Cannot Bar U.N. General Assembly from Establishing a Peacekeeping Force," *ABA Journal* (1965)
* "On World Disarmament," *ABA Journal* (1971)
* "Nixon Pardon," *ABA Journal* (1978)

### Books

* *Legal Ethics* (1966)
* *Order Please* (1970)

## External sources


title: Shannon Estenoz

abstract: Shannon Aneal Estenoz is an American environmental activist and government official who is the current assistant secretary of the interior for fish and wildlife and parks in the Biden administration.

text:
# Shannon Estenoz

**Shannon Aneal Estenoz** is an American environmental activist and government official who is the current assistant secretary of the interior for fish and wildlife and parks in the Biden administration.

## Early life and education

Estenoz is a native of Key West. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in international affairs and Bachelor of Science in civil engineering from Florida State University.

## Career

Estenoz previously served as a member of the South Florida Water Management District Governing Board. She also worked for the World Wildlife Fund and National Parks Conservation Association. She most recently worked as the CEO of the Everglades Foundation and served as director of the United States Department of the Interior's Office of Everglades Restoration Initiatives during the Obama administration.

### Interior Department Nomination

Estenoz was nominated by President Biden to serve as assistant secretary of the interior for fish and wildlife and parks on April 27, 2021. Hearings on her nomination were held before the Senate's Environment Committee on May 12, 2021. Another hearing was held before the Senate's Energy Committee on May 18, 2021. Both the Environment Committee and Energy Committee favorably reported the nominations on May 26, 2021, and May 27, 2021, respectively. On June 24, 2021, she was confirmed in the United States Senate by voice vote. She was sworn in on July 12, 2021.

## Personal life

Estenoz and her husband, Richard Grosso, have two children. Grosso is an environmental attorney.

## InfoBox

| Shannon Estenoz | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Fish and Wildlife and Parks | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office** <br>July 12, 2021 | |
| President | Joe Biden |
| Preceded by | Robert Wallace |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Key West, Florida, U.S. |
| Spouse | Richard Grosso |
| Children | 2 |
| Education | Florida State University (BA, BS) |
|  | |


abstract:
The European Science and Technology Observatory (ESTO) was the first project of the Joint Research Centre's Institute for Prospective Technological Studies based in Seville, Spain. It was set up to attempt to "create a platform of experts engaged in monitoring and analysing scientific and technological developments and their relation and interaction with society." After some 10 years of work, ESTO developed into two new networks:
the ERAWATCH Network, a web-based service that presents information on national research policies, actors, organisations, programmes; and the ETEPS Network, a network of European organisations that operates in all 27 EU Member States, covering policy subjects such as agriculture, consumer protection, energy, environment, enterprise, health, information society, innovation, research, and transport.

text:
# European Science and Technology Observatory

The **European Science and Technology Observatory (ESTO)** was the first project of the Joint Research Centre's Institute for Prospective Technological Studies based in Seville, Spain.

It was set up to attempt to "create a platform of experts engaged in monitoring and analysing scientific and technological developments and their relation and interaction with society." After some 10 years of work, ESTO developed into two new networks: the ERAWATCH Network, a web-based service that presents information on national research policies, actors, organisations, programmes; and the ETEPS Network (European Techno Economic Policy Support Network), a network of European organisations that operates in all 27 EU Member States, covering policy subjects such as agriculture, consumer protection, energy, environment, enterprise, health, information society, innovation, research, and transport.


abstract: Scotland competed at the 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games in Isle of Man from 7 to 13 September 2011.The Commonwealth Games Scotland selected 50 competitors. Scotland won five gold medals, six silver and eleven bronze medals. 3 of their gold medals were won by swimmer Craig Benson who took a clean sweep of Breastroke titles. They finished in the sixth place overall.

text:
# Scotland at the 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games

Scotland competed at the **2011 Commonwealth Youth Games** in Isle of Man from 7 to 13 September 2011.The Commonwealth Games Scotland selected 50 competitors. Scotland won five gold medals, six silver and eleven bronze medals. 3 of their gold medals were won by swimmer Craig Benson who took a clean sweep of Breastroke titles. They finished in the sixth place overall.

## InfoBox

| Scotland at the
2011 Commonwealth Youth Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| CGF code | SCO |
| CGA | Commonwealth Games Scotland |
| in Isle of Man | |
| Competitors | 50 in 7 sports |
| Medals
Ranked 6th | Gold 5 Silver 6 Bronze 11 Total 22 |
| Commonwealth Youth Games appearances | |
|  | |


title: Diasemia accalis

abstract: Diasemia accalis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found in Sumatra, Indonesia, China, the north-western Himalayas, Myanmar, Malaysia, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda.

text:
# Diasemia accalis

***Diasemia accalis*** is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found in Sumatra, Indonesia, China, the north-western Himalayas, Myanmar, Malaysia, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda.

## InfoBox

| *Diasemia accalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Diasemia* |
| Species: | ***D. accalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Diasemia accalis***<br>(Walker, 1859) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Scopula accalis* Walker, 1859 * *Diasemia spilonotalis* Snellen, 1880 | |


title: Sarasota Gulls

abstract: The Sarasota Gulls were a minor league baseball team, based in Sarasota, Florida, as a member of the early Florida State League. The team played in 1926 as the Gulls, however the following season they played as the Sarasota Tarpons. They were the first team to represent Sarasota inside of Florida State League. The city would not host another FSL team until the Sarasota Sun Sox arrived in 1961. The team folded in 1928, when the FSL went on a hiatus.

text:
# Sarasota Gulls

The **Sarasota Gulls** were a minor league baseball team, based in Sarasota, Florida, as a member of the early Florida State League. The team played in 1926 as the Gulls, however the following season they played as the **Sarasota Tarpons**. They were the first team to represent Sarasota inside of Florida State League. The city would not host another FSL team until the Sarasota Sun Sox arrived in 1961. The team folded in 1928, when the FSL went on a hiatus.

## Notable players

## InfoBox

| Sarasota Gulls | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Minor league affiliations | |
| Previous classes | Class D |
| League | Florida State League |
| Team data | |
| Previous names | * Sarasota Tarpons (1927) * Sarasota Gulls (1926) |


title: Fabas, Tarn-et-Garonne

abstract: Fabas is a commune in the Tarn-et-Garonne department in the Occitanie region in southern France.

text:
# Fabas, Tarn-et-Garonne

**Fabas** is a commune in the Tarn-et-Garonne department in the Occitanie region in southern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 230 |  |
| 1975 | 210 | −1.29% |
| 1982 | 218 | +0.54% |
| 1990 | 314 | +4.67% |
| 1999 | 322 | +0.28% |
| 2007 | 464 | +4.67% |
| 2012 | 569 | +4.16% |
| 2017 | 621 | +1.76% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Fabas | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church of Fabas | |
|  | |
| Location of Fabas | |
| FabasFabas | |
| Coordinates: 43°51′41″N 1°21′05″E / 43.8614°N 1.3514°E / 43.8614; 1.3514 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Occitania |
| Department | Tarn-et-Garonne |
| Arrondissement | Montauban |
| Canton | Verdun-sur-Garonne |
| Intercommunality | Grand Sud Tarn-et-Garonne |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Jérôme Soursac |
| Area**1** | 6.3 km2 (2.4 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 688 |
| Density | 110/km2 (280/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 82057 /82170 |
| Elevation | 120–154 m (394–505 ft)
(avg. 146 m or 479 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Carver Heights High School

abstract: Carver Heights High School was a segregated public school for black students in Leesburg, Florida. It briefly served as the site of segregated Johnson Junior College as well. It was closed when the schools were integrated.

text:
# Carver Heights High School

**Carver Heights High School** was a segregated public school for black students in Leesburg, Florida. It briefly served as the site of segregated Johnson Junior College as well. It was closed when the schools were integrated.

## History

### Lake County Training School

In 1876, a school for black children began meeting in what is now St. Stephen AME church in Leesburg under the instruction of Reverend S.A. Williams. By 1882, the school had moved to the current location of the Mount Olive Progressive Baptist Church, then to another building off of Mike Street. Both buildings were destroyed by fire. After several moves, the community decided it was time to find a permanent location for the school, working alongside Lake County Schools to purchase land. The land was purchased on March 10, 1921, and the school was then named Lake County Training School. Lake County Training School was founded in 1922 with fewer than 100 students, and five faculty members. The first high school class graduated in 1933, and enrollment had increased to 300 students.

### Carver Heights High School

In 1933, Lake County Schools purchased 36 acres for a new high school. In 1954 Carver Heights was opened at this new location, and continued to serve the community until 1968, when actions by the Federal courts forced white community leaders to allow black students to enter the same schools as white students. In 1962, Johnson Junior College was created simultaneously with what is now Lake-Sumter Community College, which was created for white students and initially located at Leesburg High School. Johnson was designated for black students, who met in the buildings of Carver Heights. All the black high school students were sent to Leesburg High School, and Carver Heights was repurposed as a middle school. When the black schools were merged, much of the black faculty was retained, often with reduced responsibilities.

## Athletics

The school participated as a member of the Florida Interscholastic Athletic Association. The team nickname was the Trojans.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Carver Heights High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Leesburg, Florida<br>United States | |
| Information | |
| Established | 1954 |
| Closed | 1968 |


title: Chang Chuan-tien

abstract: Chang Chuan-tien was a Taiwanese politician.

text:
# Chang Chuan-tien

**Chang Chuan-tien** (Chinese: 張川田; pinyin: *Zhāng Chuāntián*; 15 August 1945 – 10 September 2006) was a Taiwanese politician.

## Early life and education

Chang was born in Taihoku Prefecture of Japanese Taiwan, in what is now Jiaoxi, Yilan. He earned a bachelor's degree in political science from Tunghai University, graduating in 1973.

## Political career

He cofounded the Democratic Progressive Party in 1986, and was a member of the Yilan Gang, a DPP clique. Chang served in the National Assembly from 1992 to 1997, and in 1998, was elected to the Legislative Yuan. He represented his hometown Yilan County district until his death in 2006 from liver failure, aged 61.

## InfoBox

| Chang Chuan-tien | |
| --- | --- |
| 張川田 | |
|  | |
| Member of the Legislative Yuan | |
| **In office**
1 February 1999  10 September 2006 | |
| Constituency | Yilan County |
| Member of the National Assembly | |
| **In office**
1992–1997 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1945-08-15)15 August 1945
Shōkei, Giran, Taihoku Prefecture, Taiwan, Empire of Japan (today Jiaoxi, Yilan County, Taiwan) |
| Died | 10 September 2006(2006-09-10) (aged 61)
Jiaoxi, Yilan, Taiwan |
| Nationality | Taiwanese |
| Political party | Democratic Progressive Party (since 1986) |
| Children | 4 |
| Education | Tunghai University (BA) |
|  | |


title: Raymond Lee Lathan

abstract: Raymond Lee Lathan (1915–1996) was an American politician who served in the Wisconsin State Assembly.

text:
# Raymond Lee Lathan

**Raymond Lee Lathan** (1915–1996) was an American politician who served in the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Biography

Lathan was born on April 4, 1915, in Birmingham, Alabama. He graduated from Industrial High School before attending theological seminary. He graduated from Selma University Theological Seminary and from Detroit School of Ministry. Lathan was pastor of New Hope Baptist Church in Milwaukee and was involved in the Civil Rights Movement. He died on May 29, 1996, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

## Career

Lathan was elected to the Assembly in 1962. He was a Democrat.


title: Catlins River

abstract: The Catlins River flows southeastward through The Catlins, an area of the southern South Island of New Zealand. Its total length is 42 kilometres (26 mi), and it flows into the Pacific Ocean at the holiday settlement of Pounawea, 28 kilometres (17 mi) south of Balclutha. Its upper estuary is called Catlins Lake, and its lower estuary is shared with the Ōwaka River. The lower estuary is also known at Pounawea Estuary. The river's source is west of Mount Rosebery, 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Clinton.

text:
# Catlins River

The **Catlins River** flows southeastward through The Catlins, an area of the southern South Island of New Zealand. Its total length is 42 kilometres (26 mi), and it flows into the Pacific Ocean at the holiday settlement of Pounawea, 28 kilometres (17 mi) south of Balclutha. Its upper estuary is called Catlins Lake, and its lower estuary is shared with the Ōwaka River. The lower estuary is also known at Pounawea Estuary.

The river's source is west of Mount Rosebery, 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Clinton.

46°29′S 169°43′E / 46.483°S 169.717°E / -46.483; 169.717


title: European Science Editing

abstract: European Science Editing is a peer-reviewed open access academic journal published by the European Association of Science Editors. It covers all aspects of scientific editing and publishing. The journal publishes research articles, meeting reports, essays and viewpoints, book and website reviews, as well as highlighting events, resources, and publications of interest to members. The editor-in-chief is Ksenija Baždarić.

text:
# European Science Editing

***European Science Editing*** is a peer-reviewed open access academic journal published by the European Association of Science Editors. It covers all aspects of scientific editing and publishing. The journal publishes research articles, meeting reports, essays and viewpoints, book and website reviews, as well as highlighting events, resources, and publications of interest to members. The editor-in-chief is Ksenija Baždarić (University of Rijeka).

## History

The journal was established in 1975 as *Earth Science Editing*, published by the European Association of Earth Science Editors. In 1977 it was renamed *Earth & Life Science Editing*, obtaining its current title in 1986. The journal was issued triannually until 2001, when it moved to a quarterly schedule. Originally, the publication served as a newsletter to the association, before becoming an academic journal in 2002. In 2020 the journal became fully open access and online only. The journal does not charge any article processing charges.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Library and Information Science Abstracts, Modern Language Association Database, and Scopus.

## InfoBox

*European Science Editing*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Discipline | Media studies |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Ksenija Baždarić |
| Publication details | |
| Former name(s) | Earth Science Editing; Earth & Life Science Editing |
| History | 1975–present |
| Publisher | European Association of Science Editors |
| Frequency | Continuous |
| Open access | Yes |
| License | CC-BY 4.0 |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Eur. Sci. Ed.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 0258-3127 (print)
2518-3354 (web)
 |
| LCCN | 86649464 |
| OCLC no. | 13154588 |
| Links | |
|  | |


# Scotland at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games

Scotland competed at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Perth, Western Australia, from 22 November to 1 December 1962.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Silver | Mike Lindsay | Athletics | Men's shot put | 29 November |
| Silver | Mike Lindsay | Athletics | Men's discus throw | 26 November |

## Athletics

Men Track & road events

| Athlete | Event | Round 1 | | Round 2 | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Michael Hildrey | 100 yd | 9.7 | 3 **Q** | 10.1 | 4 | did not advance | | | |
| Alistair McIlroy | | 9.5 | 2 **Q** | 9.9 | 2 **Q** | 9.9 | 6 | did not advance | |
| Michael Hildrey | 220 yd | 21.5 | 1 **Q** | 22.1 | 3 **Q** | 21.7 | 5 | did not advance | |
| Alistair McIlroy | | 21.9 | 3 **Q** | 22.4 | 5 | did not advance | | | |
| John Wenk | 880 yd | 1:51.2 | 1 **Q** |  | | 1:52.3 | 6 | did not advance | |
| Mike Berisford | 1 mile | 4:13.0 | 5 |  | | | | did not advance | |
| Alastair Wood | Marathon |  | | | | | | DNF | |

Field events

| Athlete | Event | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Distance | Rank |
| Crawford Fairbrother | High jump | 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) | 8 |
| Dave Stevenson | Pole vault | 13 ft 0 in (3.96 m) | 10 |
| **Mike Lindsay** | Shot put | 59 ft 2+12 in (18.05 m) |  |
| **Mike Lindsay** | Discus throw | 172 ft 6 in (52.58 m) |  |

Women Track events

| Athlete | Event | Round 1 | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Janette Neil | 100 yd | 12.0 | 5 | did not advance | | | |
| | 220 yd | DNS | | did not advance | | | |

Field events

| Athlete | Event | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Distance | Rank |
| Janette Neil | Long jump | 17 ft 10 in (5.44 m) | 8 |

## InfoBox

| Scotland at the
1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| CGF code | SCO |
| CGA | Commonwealth Games Scotland |
| Website | goscotland.org |
| in Perth, Western Australia | |
| Flag bearers | Opening:
Closing: |
| Medals
Ranked 6thth | Gold 4 Silver 7 Bronze 3 Total 14 |
| British Empire and Commonwealth Games appearances | |
|  | |


title: Dianne P. O'Leary

abstract: Dianne Prost O'Leary is an American mathematician and computer scientist whose research concerns scientific computing, computational linear algebra, and the history of scientific computing. She is Distinguished University Professor Emerita of Computer Science at the University of Maryland, College Park, and is the author of the book Scientific Computing with Case Studies.

text:
# Dianne P. O'Leary

**Dianne Prost O'Leary** (born 1951) is an American mathematician and computer scientist whose research concerns scientific computing, computational linear algebra, and the history of scientific computing. She is Distinguished University Professor Emerita of Computer Science at the University of Maryland, College Park, and is the author of the book *Scientific Computing with Case Studies* (SIAM, 2009).

## Early life and education

O'Leary was born November 20, 1951, in Chicago. She majored in mathematics at Purdue University, graduating in 1972, and completed her Ph.D. in computer science at Stanford University in 1976. Her dissertation, *Hybrid Conjugate Gradient Algorithms*, was supervised by Gene H. Golub.

## Career

After taking an assistant professorship in mathematics at the University of Michigan, she moved to Maryland in 1978, with a joint appointment in computer science and the Institute for Physical Science and Technology. She also became affiliated with Maryland's applied mathematics program in 1979, and became a member of Maryland's Institute for Advanced Computer Studies in 1985. She became Distinguished University Professor in 2014, the same year that she retired.

From 2009 to 2015 she was editor in chief of the *SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications*.

## Recognition

The University of Waterloo gave O'Leary an honorary doctorate in 2005. She was named a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery in 2006, "for mentoring activities and contributions to numerical algorithms", and became one of the inaugural Fellows of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) in 2009. In 2008 she was the Sonia Kovalevsky Lecturer of SIAM and the Association for Women in Mathematics.

## InfoBox

| Dianne P. O'Leary | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1951-11-20) November 20, 1951
Chicago, Illinois |
| Alma mater | Purdue University
Stanford University |
| Awards |  |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Applied mathematics
Scientific computing |
| Institutions | University of Michigan
University of Maryland, College Park |
| Thesis | *Hybrid Conjugate Gradient Algorithms*  (1976) |
| Doctoral advisor | Gene H. Golub |
| Doctoral students |  |
|  | |


title: Dark Knight

abstract: Dark Knight may refer to:

text:
# Dark Knight

**Dark Knight** may refer to:

## Batman franchise media

### Batman comics

### Batman films

### Batman music

### Batman games

### Batman attractions

## Other uses

* *Dark Knight*, a 1991 novel by Roger Elwood
* *The Dark Knight*, a 2012 novel by Elizabeth Elliott
* *Dark Knight* (TV series) or *Fantasy Quest*, a medieval adventure TV series featuring Todd Rippon
* Black knight, a literary stock character
* "The Dark Knight of Gotham", nickname for Matt Harvey, Major League Baseball pitcher for the New York Mets
* TrES-2b, an extrasolar planet nicknamed "Dark Knight", as it reflects less than 1% of the light that hits it


title: Caeremoniale Episcoporum

abstract: The Cæremoniale Episcoporum is a liturgical book that describes the church services to be performed by bishops of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church.

text:
# Caeremoniale Episcoporum

The ***Cæremoniale Episcoporum*** (transl.**Ceremonial of Bishops**) is a liturgical book that describes the church services to be performed by bishops of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church.

## History

Pope Clement VIII published on 14 July 1600 the first book to bear this name, a revision, in line with the renewal ordered by the Council of Trent, of the contents of books, called *Ordines Romani*, written from the end of the seventh century on to describe the ceremonies for the election and ordination of a Pope and to give indications for Mass and other celebrations by the Pope in the course of the year. The contents of these books were enriched over time. A work in two sections that became known as *De Cæremoniis Cardinalium et Episcoporum in eorum diœcesibus* (Ceremonies of Cardinals and Bishops in Their Own Dioceses) was added in the sixteenth century. Pope Clement VIII's *Cæremoniale Episcoporum* was based on these texts and on others that have now been lost. The work of preparation, begun in December 1582 under Pope Gregory XIII took 17 years. A facsimile of the original 1600 edition in two books was published by *Libreria Editrice Vaticana* in 2000.

Pope Innocent X issued a revised edition in 1650. In 1727 or 1729 the chapters, originally printed as single blocks, were divided into numbered paragraphs and summaries were added at the head of each chapter, in place of the previous titles. In 1752, Pope Benedict XIV revised slightly the two preexisting books and added a third on ceremonies to be observed by those holding civil office in the Papal States.

In 1886, Pope Leo XIII made yet another revision, in which, though the Papal States had been incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy, he kept the third book. The Catholic Encyclopedia gives an account of the *Cæremoniale Episcoporum* as it stood after this 1886 revision.

In line with the renewal ordered by the Second Vatican Council, a fully revised edition in a single volume was issued by Pope John Paul II in 1984, replacing the earlier editions. (Reprint with multiple corrections followed in 1985.) The revision aimed at securing an episcopal liturgy that was "simple, and at the same time noble, fully effective pastorally, and capable of serving as an example for all other liturgical celebrations."

An English translation, *Ceremonial of Bishops*, was published 1989. The book is in eight parts:

1. Episcopal liturgy in general
2. Mass
3. Liturgy of the Hours and Celebrations of the Word of God
4. Celebrations of the Mysteries of the Lord in the course of the year
5. Sacraments
6. Sacramentals
7. Noteworthy dates in the life of a bishop
8. Liturgical celebrations connected with solemn acts of episcopal governance

There are also appendices on:

1. The vesture of prelates
2. A table of liturgical days arranged in order of precedence
3. A table on Ritual Masses, Masses for Various Needs, Votive Masses and Requiem Masses
4. Lists of abbreviations and sigla used in the book

## InfoBox

Caeremoniale Episcoporum
| An illustration explaining the purpose of different Catholic liturgical books. The *Ceremonial of Bishops* (bottom left) is described as "rubrical direction for episcopal ceremonies". | |
| --- | --- |
| Publication date | 14 July 1600 |


title: Chappell & Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd

abstract: Chappell & Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd [1959] UKHL 1 is an important English contract law case, where the House of Lords confirmed the traditional doctrine that in order for a legal contract to be binding consideration must be sufficient but need not be adequate.

text:
# Chappell & Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd

***Chappell & Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd*** \[1959\] UKHL 1 is an important English contract law case, where the House of Lords confirmed the traditional doctrine that in order for a legal contract to be binding consideration must be sufficient but need not be adequate.

## Facts

Chappell & Co. owned the copyright to "Rockin’ Shoes" (by The King Brothers). Nestlé was giving away records of it to people who sent in three wrappers from 6d chocolate bars, as well as 1s 6d. The Copyright Act 1956 s 8 said a 6.25% royalty needed to be paid on the ‘ordinary retail selling price’ to the owners of copyrights. Nestle said 1s 6d was the ordinary retail selling price, but Chappell & Co argued that it should be more and sought an injunction for breach of CA 1956 s 8. In this way the question arose as to whether the wrappers constituted partial consideration for the records. Mr Justice Upjohn granted an injunction, the Court of Appeal (Lords Justices Jenkins and Ormerod; Lord Justice Romer dissenting) reversed his decision, and Chappell & Co appealed.

* *Bret v JS* (1600) Cro Eliz 756, love and affection not good consideration
* *Evans v Llewellin* (1787) 1 Cox CC 333, share of estate sale set aside on grounds of very low price
* *Thomas v Thomas* (1842) 2 QB 851, there must be sufficient consideration "in the eyes of the law"
* *Shadwell v Shadwell* \[1860\] EWHC CP J88, performing a pre-existing duty to a third party still good consideration, or that a request to perform an act already undertaken can be implied
* *Fry v Lane* (1888) 40 ChD 312, suggested that inadequate consideration not relevant
* *In re Wragg Ltd* \[1897\] 1 Ch 796, company law case, where Court of Appeal refused to impeach a share sale transaction alleged to have been at an undervalue
* *Batsakis v. Demotsis*, 226 S.W.2d 673 (1949), an American case in which the court held that a few drachma was good consideration

* PS Atiyah, 'Contract and Fair Exchange' in *Essays on Contract* (1986)

## InfoBox

| *Chappell & Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd* | |
| --- | --- |
| Court | House of Lords |
| Full case name | *CHAPPELL AND COMPANY LIMITED and others v THE NESTLE COMPANY LIMITED and others* |
| Decided | 18 June 1959 |
| Citation | \[1960\] AC 87 |
| Transcript | UKHL 1 |
| Court membership | |
| Judges sitting | Viscount Simonds, Lord Reid, Lord Tucker, Lord Keith of Avonholm, Lord Somervell of Harrow |
| Case opinions | |
| Lord Somervell | |
| Keywords | |
| Consideration, adequacy, copyright | |


title: Rathcormac

abstract: Rathcormac is a small town in north County Cork, Ireland. Previously situated on the main Cork to Dublin road, it was bypassed in 2006 by the M8. The former N8 through the town's main street is now the R639 regional road. Rathcormac is located in the Blackwater Valley region and is part of the Cork East Dáil constituency.

text:
# Rathcormac

**Rathcormac** (Irish: *Ráth Chormaic*, meaning 'Cormac's ringfort') is a small town in north County Cork, Ireland. Previously situated on the main Cork to Dublin road (the N8), it was bypassed in 2006 by the M8. The former N8 through the town's main street is now the R639 regional road. Rathcormac is located in the Blackwater Valley region and is part of the Cork East Dáil constituency.

## History

The Rathcormac massacre occurred at Bartlemy Cross southeast of Rathcormac on 18 December 1834, during the Tithe War.

Carntierna, an Iron Age royal site, is located to the north.

## Sports

Rathcormac is home to Bride Rovers GAA club and Rathcormac Gun Club.

## People

In 1842 the Fenian and Australian architect, Joseph Nunan, was born here.

Two Canadian politicians, Patrick Joseph (Joe) O'Flynn (1921) and Denis Christopher O'Flynn (1923), were born in Rathcormac to John Joseph O'Flynn and Mary Cahill. In 1925, The O'Flynn family immigrated to Toronto, Ontario Canada. When the family landed in Canada, they dropped the "O" and became Flynn.

Joe O'Flynn went on to be elected to the Canadian House of Commons as the Member of Parliament for Kitchener, Ontario and Dennis O'Flynn (he changed the spelling) became Mayor of Etobicoke (a suburb of Toronto) and later was the Chairman of Metropolitan Toronto.

## InfoBox

| Rathcormac Irish: *Ráth Chormaic* | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Main Street | |
| RathcormacLocation in Ireland | |
| Coordinates: 52°04′37″N 8°16′55″W / 52.0769°N 8.2819°W / 52.0769; -8.2819 | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Province | Munster |
| County | Cork |
| Elevation | 68 m (223 ft) |
| Population (2016) | 1,762 |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (WET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-1 (IST (WEST)) |
| Irish Grid Reference | W804920 |


title: Cautantowwit

abstract: Cautantowwit is the chief deity and creator god in the traditional religion of the Narragansett people. Cautantowwit was one of a pantheon of deities observed by the Narragansett, though all were ultimately created by him. According to the Narragansett, Cautantowwit lived in "the southwest". They attributed the "Indian summer" to a wind that came from "the court of their great and benevolent god Cautantowwit".

text:
# Cautantowwit

**Cautantowwit** (also known as **Kytan**) is the chief deity and creator god in the traditional religion of the Narragansett people. Cautantowwit was one of a pantheon of deities observed by the Narragansett, though all were ultimately created by him.

According to the Narragansett, Cautantowwit lived in "the southwest". They attributed the "Indian summer" to a wind that came from "the court of their great and benevolent god Cautantowwit".


title: Scrobipalpa deutschi

abstract: Scrobipalpa deutschi is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Peter Huemer and Ole Karsholt in 2010. It is found in Algeria and the southern Ural Mountains. The wingspan is about 14.5 mm (0.57 in).

text:
# Scrobipalpa deutschi

***Scrobipalpa deutschi*** is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Peter Huemer and Ole Karsholt in 2010. It is found in Algeria and the southern Ural Mountains.

The wingspan is about 14.5 mm (0.57 in).

## InfoBox

| *Scrobipalpa deutschi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Scrobipalpa* |
| Species: | ***S. deutschi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Scrobipalpa deutschi***<br>Huemer & Karsholt, 2010 | |
|


title: Tarsometatarsal joints

abstract:
The tarsometatarsal joints are arthrodial joints in the foot. The tarsometatarsal joints involve the first, second and third cuneiform bones, the cuboid bone and the metatarsal bones.
The eponym of Lisfranc joint is 18th–19th-century surgeon and gynecologist Jacques Lisfranc de St. Martin.

text:
# Tarsometatarsal joints

The **tarsometatarsal joints** (**Lisfranc joints**) are arthrodial joints in the foot. The tarsometatarsal joints involve the first, second and third cuneiform bones, the cuboid bone and the metatarsal bones. The eponym of Lisfranc joint is 18th–19th-century surgeon and gynecologist Jacques Lisfranc de St. Martin.

## Structure

### Bones

The bones entering into their formation are the first, second, and third cuneiforms, and the cuboid bone, which articulate with the bases of the metatarsal bones.

The first metatarsal bone articulates with the first cuneiform; the second is deeply wedged in between the first and third cuneiforms articulating by its base with the second cuneiform; the third articulates with the third cuneiform; the fourth, with the cuboid and third cuneiform; and the fifth, with the cuboid.

The bones are connected by dorsal, plantar, and interosseous ligaments.

### Dorsal ligaments

The dorsal ligaments are strong, flat bands.

The first metatarsal is joined to the first cuneiform by a broad, thin band; the second has three, one from each cuneiform bone; the third has one from the third cuneiform; the fourth has one from the third cuneiform and one from the cuboid; and the fifth, one from the cuboid.

### Plantar ligaments

The plantar ligaments consist of longitudinal and oblique bands, disposed with less regularity than the dorsal ligaments.

Those for the first and second metatarsals are the strongest; the second and third metatarsals are joined by oblique bands to the first cuneiform; the fourth and fifth metatarsals are connected by a few fibers to the cuboid.

### Interosseous ligaments

The interosseous ligaments are three in number.

* The *first* is the strongest, and passes from the lateral surface of the first cuneiform to the adjacent angle of the second metatarsal.
* The *second* connects the third cuneiform with the adjacent angle of the second metatarsal.
* The *third* connects the lateral angle of the third cuneiform with the adjacent side of the base of the third metatarsal.

### Synovial membrane

The synovial membrane between the first cuneiform and the first metatarsal forms a distinct sac.

The synovial membrane between the second and third cuneiforms behind, and the second and third metatarsal bones in front, is part of the great tarsal synovial membrane.

Two prolongations are sent forward from it, one between the adjacent sides of the second and third, and another between those of the third and fourth metatarsal bones.

The synovial membrane between the cuboid and the fourth and fifth metatarsal bones forms a distinct sac.

From it a prolongation is sent forward between the fourth and fifth metatarsal bones.

## Function

The movements permitted between the tarsal and metatarsal bones are limited to slight gliding of the bones upon each other.

## Clinical significance

A Lisfranc injury is common among athletes.

*This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 358 of the 20th edition of* Gray's Anatomy *(1918)*

1. *synd/3055* at Who Named It?

## Additional images

## InfoBox

| Tarsometatarsal joints | |
| --- | --- |
| Bones of the right foot; tarsometatarsal joints highlighted in an orange box | |
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | *articulationes tarsometatarseae* |
| TA98 | A03.6.10.601 |
| TA2 | 1955 |
| FMA | 35216 71354, 35216 |
| Anatomical terminology | |