title: Rian Swastedian

abstract: Rian Swastedian is an Indonesian badminton player from the Jaya Raya badminton club. He was part of the Indonesia Junior team that won the bronze medal at the 2013 Asian Junior Championships. Swastedian was promoted to join the national team in 2014. He was the mixed doubles champion at the 2015 Vietnam International Series tournament partnered with Masita Mahmudin.

text:
# Rian Swastedian

**Rian Swastedian** (born 1 April 1995) is an Indonesian badminton player from the Jaya Raya badminton club. He was part of the Indonesia Junior team that won the bronze medal at the 2013 Asian Junior Championships. Swastedian was promoted to join the national team in 2014. He was the mixed doubles champion at the 2015 Vietnam International Series tournament partnered with Masita Mahmudin.

## Achievements

### BWF International Challenge/Series (2 titles, 2 runners-up)

*Men's doubles*

| Year | Tournament | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2018 | Indonesia International | Amri Syahnawi | Irfan Fadhilah
Markis Kido | 21–19, 21–18 | **Winner** |
|
| 2015 | Vietnam International | Hantoro | Hardianto
Kenas Adi Haryanto | 14–21, 14–21 | **Runner-up** |
|
| 2015 | Indonesia International | Hantoro | Fajar Alfian
Muhammad Rian Ardianto | 12–21, 21–17, 15–21 | **Runner-up** |

*Mixed doubles*

| Year | Tournament | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | Vietnam International | Masita Mahmudin | Tan Kian Meng
Peck Yen Wei | 21–13, 19–21, 21–17 | **Winner** |

BWF International Challenge tournament   BWF International Series tournament

## Performance timeline

### Indonesian team

* *Junior level*

| Team Events | 2013 |
| --- | --- |
| **Asia Junior Championships** | Bronze |

### Individual competitions

* *Junior level*

| Events | 2013 |
| --- | --- |
| **Asian Junior Championships** | R2 (BD)
R2 (XD) |
| **World Junior Championships** | R3 (XD) |

* *Senior level*

| Tournament | 2018 | Best |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **BWF World Tour** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| Thailand Open | **R1** (MD) | **R1** (2018) |
|
| Indonesia Masters Super 100 | R2 (MD)
**QF** (XD) | **QF** (2018) |
| **Year-end Ranking** | 156 (MD)
331 (XD) | 112 (MD) |

| Tournament | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | Best |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **BWF Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Thailand Masters |  | | R1 (MD)
**R2** (XD) | A | **R2** (2016) |
| Indonesia Masters | **R1** (MD)
**R1** (XD) | **R1** (MD) | **R1** (MD)
**R1** (XD) |  | **R1** (2014, 2015, 2016) |
| **Year-end Ranking** | 294 (MD)
438 (XD) | 123 (MD) | 250 (MD)
299 (XD) |  |  |
| Tournament | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | Best |

## InfoBox

| Rian Swastedian | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Born | (1995-04-01) 1 April 1995
Boyolali, Central Java, Indonesia |
| Men's & mixed doubles | |
| Highest ranking | 112 (MD 31 March 2016)
275 (XD 25 January 2018) |
| Medal record      Men's badminton  Representing  Indonesia  Asian Junior Championships  2013 Kota Kinabalu  Mixed team | |
| BWF profile | |


title: Ricardo Favela

abstract: Ricardo Favela was an American artist, professor, and civil rights activist based in Sacramento, California. He was a founding member of the Chicano art collective group Royal Chicano Air Force.

text:
# Ricardo Favela

**Ricardo Favela** (January 13, 1944 – July 15, 2007) was an American artist, professor, and civil rights activist based in Sacramento, California. He was a founding member of the Chicano art collective group Royal Chicano Air Force.

## Life and career

Favela was born in Kingsburg, California. He attended Sacramento State University where he received his B.A. in 1971 and M.A. in 1989. Favela began teaching art classes at Sacramento State University in the 1980s and eventually became a full-time professor in the Art Department in 1997.

Favela worked in screen printing and ceramic sculptures. His artworks are in the collections of the Smithsonian American Art Museum and the University Galleries of Sacramento State University.

## Death

Favela died of a heart attack on July 15, 2007, in Visalia, California.

## Legacy

Ricardo Favela Park in the McKinley Village neighborhood of Sacramento, California.

1. "Art community mourns death of Sacramento State professor". *Sacramento State News*. 2007-07-20.
2. Rourke, Mary (2007-07-26). "Ricardo Favela, 62; helped create Chicano art group, was longtime professor". *Los Angeles Times*.
3. "Richard Favela Park". *Arts+Culture, City of Sacramento*. Retrieved 2020-12-11.

Guide to the Ricardo Favela papers CEMA 72, UC Santa Barbara Library, Department of Special Research Collections.

Ricardo Favela at the Smithsonian American Art Museum


title: Beauville–Laszlo theorem

abstract: In mathematics, the Beauville–Laszlo theorem is a result in commutative algebra and algebraic geometry that allows one to "glue" two sheaves over an infinitesimal neighborhood of a point on an algebraic curve. It was proved by Arnaud Beauville and Yves Laszlo (1995).

text:
# Beauville–Laszlo theorem

In mathematics, the **Beauville–Laszlo theorem** is a result in commutative algebra and algebraic geometry that allows one to "glue" two sheaves over an infinitesimal neighborhood of a point on an algebraic curve. It was proved by Arnaud Beauville and Yves Laszlo (1995).

## The theorem

Although it has implications in algebraic geometry, the theorem is a local result and is stated in its most primitive form for commutative rings. If *A* is a ring and *f* is a nonzero element of A, then we can form two derived rings: the localization at *f*, *A**f*, and the completion at *Af*, *Â*; both are *A*-algebras. In the following we assume that *f* is a non-zero divisor. Geometrically, *A* is viewed as a scheme *X* = Spec *A* and *f* as a divisor (*f*) on Spec *A*; then *A**f* is its complement *D**f* = Spec *A**f*, the principal open set determined by *f*, while *Â* is an "infinitesimal neighborhood" *D* = Spec *Â* of (*f*). The intersection of *D**f* and Spec *Â* is a "punctured infinitesimal neighborhood" *D*0 about (*f*), equal to Spec *Â**A* *A**f* = Spec *Â**f*.

Suppose now that we have an *A*-module *M*; geometrically, *M* is a sheaf on Spec *A*, and we can restrict it to both the principal open set *D**f* and the infinitesimal neighborhood Spec *Â*, yielding an *A**f*-module *F* and an *Â*-module *G*. Algebraically,

$$F=M\otimes \_{A}A\_{f}=M\_{f}\qquad G=M\otimes \_{A}{\hat {A}.}$$

(Despite the notational temptation to write $G={\widehat {M}}$, meaning the completion of the *A*-module *M* at the ideal *Af*, unless *A* is noetherian and *M* is finitely-generated, the two are not in fact equal. This phenomenon is the main reason that the theorem bears the names of Beauville and Laszlo; in the noetherian, finitely-generated case, it is, as noted by the authors, a special case of Grothendieck's faithfully flat descent.) *F* and *G* can both be further restricted to the punctured neighborhood *D*0, and since both restrictions are ultimately derived from *M*, they are isomorphic: we have an isomorphism

$$\phi \colon G\_{f}{\xrightarrow {\sim }F\otimes \_{f}{\hat {A}\_{f}=F\otimes \_{A}{\hat {A}.}}}$$

Now consider the converse situation: we have a ring *A* and an element *f*, and two modules: an *A**f*-module *F* and an *Â*-module *G*, together with an isomorphism *φ* as above. Geometrically, we are given a scheme *X* and both an open set *D**f* and a "small" neighborhood *D* of its closed complement (*f*); on *D**f* and *D* we are given two sheaves which agree on the intersection *D*0 = *D**f*  *D*. If *D* were an open set in the Zariski topology we could glue the sheaves; the content of the BeauvilleLaszlo theorem is that, under one technical assumption on *f*, the same is true for the infinitesimal neighborhood *D* as well.

**Theorem**: Given *A*, *f*, *F*, *G*, and *φ* as above, if *G* has no *f*-torsion, then there exist an *A*-module *M* and isomorphisms

$$\alpha \colon M\_{f}{\xrightarrow {\sim }F\qquad \beta \colon M\otimes \_{A}{\hat {A}{\xrightarrow {\sim }G}}}$$

consistent with the isomorphism *φ*: *φ* is equal to the composition

$$G\_{f}=G\otimes \_{A}A\_{f}{\xrightarrow {\beta ^{-1}\otimes 1}M\otimes \_{A}{\hat {A}\otimes \_{A}A\_{f}=M\_{f}\otimes \_{A}{\hat {A}{\xrightarrow {\alpha \otimes 1}F\otimes \_{A}{\hat {A}.}}}}}$$

The technical condition that *G* has no *f*-torsion is referred to by the authors as "*f*-regularity". In fact, one can state a stronger version of this theorem. Let **M**(*A*) be the category of *A*-modules (whose morphisms are *A*-module homomorphisms) and let **M***f*(*A*) be the full subcategory of *f*-regular modules. In this notation, we obtain a commutative diagram of categories (note **M***f*(*A**f*) = **M**(*A**f*)):

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\mathbf {M} \_{f}(A)&\longrightarrow &\mathbf {M} \_{f}({\hat {A})\\\downarrow &&\downarrow \\\mathbf {M} (A\_{f})&\longrightarrow &\mathbf {M} ({\hat {A}\_{f})\end{array}}}$$

in which the arrows are the base-change maps; for example, the top horizontal arrow acts on objects by *M*  *M* *A* *Â*.

**Theorem**: The above diagram is a cartesian diagram of categories.

## Global version

In geometric language, the BeauvilleLaszlo theorem allows one to glue sheaves on a one-dimensional affine scheme over an infinitesimal neighborhood of a point. Since sheaves have a "local character" and since any scheme is locally affine, the theorem admits a global statement of the same nature. The version of this statement that the authors found noteworthy concerns vector bundles:

**Theorem**: Let *X* be an algebraic curve over a field *k*, *x* a *k*-rational smooth point on *X* with infinitesimal neighborhood *D* = Spec *k*\[\[*t*\]\], *R* a *k*-algebra, and *r* a positive integer. Then the category **Vect***r*(*X**R*) of rank-*r* vector bundles on the curve *X**R* = *X* ×Spec *k* Spec *R* fits into a cartesian diagram:

$$\begin{array}{ccc}\mathbf {Vect} \_{r}(X\_{R})&\longrightarrow &\mathbf {Vect} \_{r}(D\_{R})\\\downarrow &&\downarrow \\\mathbf {Vect} \_{r}((X\setminus x)\_{R})&\longrightarrow &\mathbf {Vect} \_{r}(D\_{R}^{0})\end{array}$$

This entails a corollary stated in the paper:

**Corollary**: With the same setup, denote by **Triv**(*X**R*) the set of triples (*E*, *τ*, *σ*), where *E* is a vector bundle on *X**R*, *τ* is a trivialization of *E* over (*X* \ *x*)*R* (i.e., an isomorphism with the trivial bundle *O*(*X* \- *x*)*R*), and *σ* a trivialization over *D**R*. Then the maps in the above diagram furnish a bijection between **Triv**(*X**R*) and *GL**r*(*R*((*t*))) (where *R*((*t*)) is the formal Laurent series ring).

The corollary follows from the theorem in that the triple is associated with the unique matrix which, viewed as a "transition function" over *D*0*R* between the trivial bundles over (*X* \ *x*)*R* and over *D**R*, allows gluing them to form *E*, with the natural trivializations of the glued bundle then being identified with *σ* and *τ*. The importance of this corollary is that it shows that the affine Grassmannian may be formed either from the data of bundles over an infinitesimal disk, or bundles on an entire algebraic curve.

* Beauville, Arnaud; Laszlo, Yves (1995), "Un lemme de descente" (PDF), *Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série I*, **320** (3): 335–340, ISSN 0764-4442, retrieved 2008-04-08


title: Richard Lin

abstract: Richard Lin is a Taiwanese American violinist. He won competitions in Poland, United States, Singapore, Japan, and Taiwan. In 2013 he won the first prize in the Sendai International Music Competition. In 2015 he was the third prize laureate in the 9th International Joseph Joachim Violin Competition in Hanover, Germany. In 2016 he was the fifth prize laureate in 15th Henryk Wieniawski Violin Competition. In 2018 he won First Prize in 10th International Violin Competition of Indianapolis.

text:
# Richard Lin

**Richard Lin** (Chinese: 林品任) (born 6 July 1991 at United States) is a Taiwanese American violinist. He won competitions in Poland, United States, Singapore, Japan, and Taiwan. In 2013 he won the first prize in the Sendai International Music Competition. In 2015 he was the third prize laureate in the 9th International Joseph Joachim Violin Competition in Hanover, Germany. In 2016 he was the fifth prize laureate in 15th Henryk Wieniawski Violin Competition. In 2018 he won First Prize in 10th International Violin Competition of Indianapolis.

## Life and career

Born in the United States and raised in Taichung, Taiwan, Richard Lin began his violin studies at the age of 4. In Taiwan, he studied with Gregory Lee. Since 2008 he has studied at the Curtis Institute of Music, under professor Aaron Rosand. Since 2013 he has studied at Juilliard School, under professors Lewis Kaplan. In 2011 he took the second place in 6th Michael Hill International Violin Competition in New Zealand. In 2013 he won the first prize in 5th Sendai International Music Competition. In 2015 he was the second prize laureate in Singapore International Violin Competition, and the third prize laureate in 9th Joseph Joachim International Violin Competition Hannover. He has appeared as a soloist with Sendai Philharmonic Orchestra, Auckland Philharmonic Orchestra, Oklahoma City Philharmonic, National Symphony Orchestra (Taiwan), National Taiwan Symphony Orchestra, Taipei Symphony Orchestra, Royal Chamber Orchestra of Wallonia, Yokohama Sinfonietta, Macau String Association Orchestra, and Academy of Taiwan Strings. He has also given many solo recitals in Japan, Taiwan, and the United States. He currently resides in New York City.

## Awards

## Recordings

* Beethoven, Bartok, Brahms – Richard Lin and Sendai Philharmonic Orchestra (FONTEC: FOCD-9612)
* Brahms: Violin Sonatas (FONTEC: FOCD-9653)

## InfoBox

| Richard Lin | |
| --- | --- |
| 林品任 | |
| Born | (1991-07-06) July 6, 1991
Phoenix, Arizona |
| Education | Curtis Institute of Music
Juilliard School |
| Occupation | Classical violinist |


title: Richard Lim Beng Gee

abstract: Richard Lim Beng Gee was a police detective in the Singapore Police Force.

text:
# Richard Lim Beng Gee

**Richard Lim Beng Gee** (Chinese: 林明义; pinyin: *Lín Míngyì*; 1951 - 16 January 2016) was a police detective in the Singapore Police Force.

## Biography

Lim was born in Penang, Malaysia. At the age of 20, he travelled to Singapore for a job interview with the Police Force, and joined the police force in 1972. During his 31-year career, he helped solve many notable crimes, such as the case of Anthony Ler, who paid a 15-year youth to kill his wife Annie Leong in 2001.

Lim retired from the police force in 2003 due to his worsening diabetes.

On 16 January 2016, Lim, aged 65, died from a heart attack.

## Notable cases


title: Bcuz of U

abstract: Bcuz of U is a 2004 Filipino romantic anthology film, starring Kristine Hermosa, Diether Ocampo, Heart Evangelista, Geoff Eigenmann, Hero Angeles and Sandara Park. It is loosely based on the 1964 UK drama film The Yellow Rolls-Royce, which also adopted the idea of using a car as a device to tell the story from the 1947 German drama film In Those Days.

text:
# Bcuz of U

***Bcuz of U*** is a 2004 Filipino romantic anthology film, starring Kristine Hermosa, Diether Ocampo, Heart Evangelista, Geoff Eigenmann, Hero Angeles and Sandara Park.

It is loosely based on the 1964 UK drama film *The Yellow Rolls-Royce*, which also adopted the idea of using a car as a device to tell the story from the 1947 German drama film *In Those Days* (German: ***In jenen Tagen***).

## Synopsis

A runaway bride returns, a woman falls for her worst nightmare and two opposites come together in this trio of romantic tales. In the first story, Ria (Kristine Hermosa) tries to win back the man (Diether Ocampo) she left at the altar. In tale two, solitary Cara (Heart Evangelista) meets Mr. Wrong (Geoff Eigenmann) -- or is he? And in the final yarn, a tour guide (Hero Angeles) meets a girl (Sandara Park) who pretends to be a famous actress.

## Plot

### First story

Ria (Kristine Hermosa) and RJ (Diether Ocampo) share the perfect relationship until she did not show up on their wedding. Years after, she decided to win him back. But the indecisive and the new RJ is now the most sought-after model in town. Will their love prevail over the pain they've caused each other?

### Second story

Cara (Heart Evangelista) never took a chance on falling in love because she believes that it will only break her heart. That was until she meets Roni (Geoff Eigenmann) but only to find out that he is the kind of man she has been trying to avoid. Will she take the risk this time?

### Third story

Louie (Hero Angeles), a tourist guide, meets April (Sandara Park), a Korean girl who got lost in the city and is left with no choice but to pretend that she is a famous actress in her hometown only to survive. Will it be possible for two very different individuals find home in one another?

## Cast

## Soundtrack

The theme song, "Because of You" was composed by Keith Martin and originally released as a duet with Kyla, later originally by Paolo Santos, was performed by Gary Valenciano for the film. Also, this song was performed by Martin Nievera for the 2008 Koreanovela Coffee Prince and Jay R for the Philippine adaptation of the same title that were both aired on GMA Network.

## Trivia

Diether Ocampo and Kristine Hermosa from *Sana'y Wala Nang Wakas* since it ended on July 9, Geoff Eigenmann and Heart Evangelista from *Hiram* since July 12 as its replacement but Hero Angeles and Sandara Park were the SCQ lead actors as they both remained in *SCQ Reload: OK Ako!*. Also, this was Ocampo's first and only film with Hermosa (since *All My Life* released 6 months later on May 26 as her solo actress, where she played Louie). Both of them were Jericho Rosales' former boyfriends.

## InfoBox

| Bcuz of U | |
| --- | --- |
| DVD cover with one of the casts signature. | |
| Directed by |  |
| Written by | Mel Mendoza-del Rosario |
| Based on | *The Yellow Rolls-Royce*<br>by Anthony Asquith |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | * Gus Cruz * Neil Daza |
| Edited by | Vito Cajili |
| Music by | Jesse Lucas |
| Distributed by | Star Cinema |
| Release date | * November 17, 2004 (2004-11-17) |
| Running time | 116 minutes |
| Country | Philippines |
| Languages |  |
| Box office | 86 million |


title: Bdallophytum

abstract: Bdallophytum is a genus of parasitic flowering plants with five described species. It parasitizes on the roots of plants of the genus Bursera, such as Bursera simaruba. The genus is endemic to the Neotropics. It was previously placed in Rafflesiaceae, but is now placed in family Cytinaceae, together with the only other genus Cytinus. Some Bdallophytum species were at one time considered to belong to this latter genus. Bdallophytum is dioecious.

text:
# Bdallophytum

***Bdallophytum*** is a genus of parasitic flowering plants with five described species. It parasitizes on the roots of plants of the genus *Bursera*, such as *Bursera simaruba*. The genus is endemic to the Neotropics.

It was previously placed in *Rafflesiaceae*, but is now placed in family Cytinaceae, together with the only other genus *Cytinus*. Some *Bdallophytum* species were at one time considered to belong to this latter genus.

*Bdallophytum* is dioecious.

## Name

The genus name is probably derived from Ancient Greek *bdell-* "leech" and *phyton* "plant". It was later misspelled as *Bdallophyton* by Eichler, and this synonym is now also in common use.

## Species

## Footnotes

* Nickrent, Daniel L.; Blarer, Albert; Qiu, Yin-Long; Vidal-Russell, Romina & Anderson, Frank E. (2004): Phylogenetic inference in Rafflesiales: the influence of rate heterogeneity and horizontal gene transfer. *BMC Evolutionary Biology* **4**: 40. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-4-40

## Further reading

* García-Franco, José; López-Portillo, Jorge & Ángeles, Guillermo (2006): The holoparasitic endophyte *Bdallophyton americanum* affects root water conductivity of the tree *Bursera simaruba*. *Trees - Structure and Function* **21**(2): 215–220. doi:10.1007/s00468-006-0113-z

## InfoBox

| *Bdallophytum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Cytinaceae |
| Genus: | *Bdallophytum*<br>Eichler, 1872 |
|
| Species | |
| See text | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Bdallophyton* | |


title: BedZED

abstract: Beddington Zero Energy Development (BedZED) is an environmentally friendly housing development in Hackbridge, London, England. It is in the London Borough of Sutton, 2 miles (3 km) north-east of the town of Sutton itself. Designed to create zero carbon emissions, it was the first large scale community to do so.

text:
# BedZED

**Beddington Zero Energy Development** (**BedZED**) is an environmentally friendly housing development in Hackbridge, London, England. It is in the London Borough of Sutton, 2 miles (3 km) north-east of the town of Sutton itself. Designed to create zero carbon emissions, it was the first large scale community to do so.

## Background

BedZED was designed by the architect Bill Dunster to be carbon neutral. The project was led by the Peabody Trust in partnership with Bill Dunster Architects, Ellis & Moore Consulting Engineers, BioRegional, Arup and the cost consultants Gardiner and Theobald. The project was the first construction project where a local authority sold land at below market value to make sustainable development economically viable.

The 82 homes and 1,405 square metres (15,120 sq ft) of work space was built within the period of 2000–2002. The project was shortlisted for the Stirling Prize in 2003.

## Performance

Monitoring conducted in 2003 found that BedZED had achieved these reductions in comparison to UK averages:

* Space-heating requirements were 88% less.
* Hot-water consumption was 57% less.
* The electrical power used, at 3 kilowatt hours per person per day, was 25% less than the UK average; 11% of this was produced by solar panels. The remainder normally would be produced by a combined-heat-and-power plant fuelled by wood chips, but the installation company's financial problems have delayed use of the plant.
* Mains-water consumption has been reduced by 50%, or 67% compared to a power-shower household.
* The residents' car mileage is 65% less.

## Problems

A review of the BedZed development in 2010 drew mainly positive conclusions. Residents and neighbours were largely happy. However, a few significant failures were highlighted, for example:

* The biomass wood chip boiler (biomass gasifier) was no longer in operation and the backup power source, a gas boiler, was used from 2005 - 2017. The downdraft wood chip gasifier CHP (combined heat and power) had reliability problems due to technical problems and the intermittent schedule of operation (no late-night operation) imposed by the local authority. However, BedZED switched from gas back to a biomass pellet boiler in 2017 which provides heat for the district heating network but not electricity, which is now sourced from the grid on a green tariff. The biomass pellets are now sourced from Spain, not from local wood waste.
* The 'Living Machine' water recycling facility had been unable to clean the water sufficiently. The cost of the facility also made it unviable.
* Passive heating from the sunspaces had been insufficient.
* Because of its location, the development requires the constant use of cars by residents. This negates its fundamental raison d'être, other than as an interesting experiment.

The results show that the average ecological footprint of a BedZED resident is 4.67 global hectares (2.6 planets), which is 89% of the baseline. This would reduce to 4.32 global hectares (2.4 planets) if the energy was all zero carbon. However, a keen resident at BedZED (if the CHP was working) could achieve an ecological footprint of 3.0 global hectares (1.7 planets) which is 57% of the average. The target was 1 planet.

## Awards

* 2003 – RIBA journal sustainability award – the judges said "BedZED goes way beyond the standard environmental checklist by challenging both the way we live and work... Until now, pioneering communities have often been attained at the expense of architectural ambition but at BedZED the architects have been highly innovative."
* 2003 – Ashden Awards – for projects building on the experience of BedZED

## InfoBox

| BedZED | |
| --- | --- |
| BedZED Ecovillage | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Hackbridge, London Borough of Sutton |
| Coordinates | 51°22′55.5″N 00°09′21.67″W / 51.382083°N 0.1560194°W / 51.382083; -0.1560194 |
| Status | Environmentally friendly housing development |
| Construction | |
| Constructed | 2000–2002 |
| Other information | |
| Governing<br>body | Peabody Trust |


title: Beckhead Plantation

abstract: Beckhead Plantation is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and nature reserve in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is located close to the village of Great Givendale on the Yorkshire Wolds. The site, which was designated a SSSI in 1968, is managed as a nature reserve by the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust. It lies on chalk land in Given Dale. The site is important because it demonstrates many of the characteristic features of a northern ash woodland on chalk. The tree canopy is dominated by ash with some wych elm, field maple and rowan while the understorey contains shrub species including hazel, guelder rose, elder, gooseberry and fly honeysuckle.

text:
# Beckhead Plantation

**Beckhead Plantation** is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and nature reserve in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is located close to the village of Great Givendale on the Yorkshire Wolds. The site, which was designated a SSSI in 1968, is managed as a nature reserve by the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust. It lies on chalk land in Given Dale. The site is important because it demonstrates many of the characteristic features of a northern ash woodland on chalk. The tree canopy is dominated by ash with some wych elm, field maple and rowan while the understorey contains shrub species including hazel, guelder rose, elder, gooseberry and fly honeysuckle.

## InfoBox

Beckhead Plantation
| Site of Special Scientific Interest | |
| --- | --- |
| Shown within the East Riding of Yorkshire | |
| Location | East Riding of Yorkshire |
| Grid reference | SE816537 |
| Coordinates | 53°58′24″N 0°45′24″W / 53.973378°N 0.756673°W / 53.973378; -0.756673 |
| Interest | Biological |
| Area | 3.67 acres (0.0149 km2; 0.00573 sq mi) |
| Notification | 1968 |
| Natural England website | |


title: Beating My Heart

abstract: "Beating My Heart" is a song by American singer and songwriter Jon McLaughlin. It was released on June 17, 2008, through The Island Def Jam Music Group as the lead and only single from his sophomore album, OK Now (2008).

text:
# Beating My Heart

"**Beating My Heart**" is a song by American singer and songwriter Jon McLaughlin. It was released on June 17, 2008, through The Island Def Jam Music Group as the lead and only single from his sophomore album, *OK Now* (2008).

## Critical reception

Chuck Taylor of *Billboard* praised the song, saying "\[Beating My Heart\] is a joyous uptempo romantic romp, featuring hook after hook, from tinkling piano to driving percussion and a start-and-stop bridge, alongside a joyous effortless vocal that soars with falsetto to the high heavens."

## Music video

The music video was shot in Malibu, California. It was directed by Ryan Travis and was released on July 7, 2008.

## Track listing

Digital download
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Beating My Heart" | 3:53 |

## Charts

| Chart (2008–09) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Adult Pop Airplay (*Billboard*) | 18 |
| US Christian Songs (*Billboard*) | 27 |
|

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | June 17, 2008 | Digital download | Island Def Jam |  |
| | July 22, 2008 | | Top 40 radio |  |
|

## InfoBox

| "Beating My Heart" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Jon McLaughlin | |
| from the album  *OK Now* | |
| Released | June 17, 2008 (2008-06-17) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 3:53 |
| Label | Island Def Jam |
| Songwriter(s) | Jon McLaughlin |
| Producer(s) | John Fields |
| Jon McLaughlin singles chronology | |
| "Proud Father"
(2007) "**Beating My Heart**"
(2008) "What I Want"
(2011) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Beating My Heart" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Rhythm & Alps

abstract: Rhythm and Alps is the South Island sister festival of Rhythm & Vines held in Cardrona Valley near Wānaka, New Zealand. The festival began in 2011 in Terrace Downs and in 2013 relocated to its current venue Cardrona Valley.

text:
# Rhythm & Alps

**Rhythm and Alps** (commonly known as **R&A**) is the South Island sister festival of Rhythm & Vines held in Cardrona Valley near Wānaka, New Zealand. The festival began in 2011 in Terrace Downs (Mount Hutt) and in 2013 relocated to its current venue Cardrona Valley.

## Line-ups

### Episode 1 (2011)

Episode 1 took place on the last two days of 2011. It featured Grandmaster Flash, Skream and Benga, Flying Lotus, Foreign Beggars, LTJ Bukem, Netsky, Dub FX, Brookes Brothers, Six60, 1814, Homebrew, Antix, Stinky Jim, A Hori Buzz, Tali Live and Acoustic, The Eastern, Dubwise & MC Silva, Soulware, Soulsystem, Ghost, Cyril Orsen, Fried Chicken SoundSystem, DJ Substance, Soul Trader, Kev Fresh, Nacoa, DJ Tido, Knuckles, Seth Hamilton, Tim Seargent, Toby Nice, Reality Chant, Confucius and Dave Boogie.

### Episode 2 (2012)

Episode 2 took place on the last two days of 2012 and attracted approximately 4000 people. It featured SBTRKT, Disclosure Live, Unknown Mortal Orchestra, Flume, Electric Wire Hustle, Opiuo, Spektrum, The Upbeats, Fiord, High Contrast, Camo & Krooked, Logistics (musician), S. P. Y, MC Wrec, Chali 2na, The Gaslamp Killer, DJ Yoda, A Hori Buzz, The Nudge, Die! Die! Die!, Tripswitch, Ruby Frost, Fiord, Crushington, Shes So Rad, Tali Live, Reality Chant Jah Red Lion & Mc Silva, Thank You City, Pikachunes, Dub Terminator, Tim Richards, Glass Vaults, Alphabethead Departure Lounge, Amiria Grennel, The Shocking And Stunning, Razorwyre, The Transistors, Louis Barkerhey Lady, Kev Fresh, Dj Spell, Deejay Dredford, Og, The Merchants Of Flow, Soulsystem, Dj Tido, Will Styles, Mike T, Chiccoreli, Bone Traders, Seth Hamilton, Soul Trader, St Eden, and Cure Motel.

### Episode 3 (2013)

Episode 3 took place on the last two days of 2013. It featured Rudimental, Shapeshifter, Hospitality Presents: Camo & Krooked, High Contrast, Danny Byrd, Metrik and Dynamite MC, Zane Lowe, The Veils, Dj Zinc, Nathan Haines Feat. Kevin Mark Trail, David Dallas, Cairo Knife Fight, Tahuna Breaks, The Funk Hunters, P-Money, Recloose, @Peace, Truth, Freddie Cruger Aka Red Astaire, Spikey Tee, Concord Dawn, Bulletproof, Louis Baker, Mayavanya, The Nomad, Reality Chant & Mc Silva & Jah Red Lion, Steve Ward, Jamie Stevens, Thankyou City, Estére, Thanks, Ruse, Gasp, Lewis Tennant, Steezie Wonder, Sticky Fingaz, Kev Fresh, Play Djs (R.I.A & C:She), Seth Hamilton and Holly Arrowsworth.

### Episode 4 (2014)

Episode 4 took place on the last two days of 2014. It featured Bastille, Shapeshifter, Zane Lowe, Chet Faker, Just Blaze, London Elektricity & MC Wrec, DC Breaks, , Mr Carmack, Mad Professor, Addison Groove, The Cuban Brothers, State of Mind, Ayah Marar, Meta and the Cornerstones, Little May, Team Dynamite, Dopra, Sorceress, Kamand, Haz Beats, Longwalkshortdock, The Nomad, Kev Fresh, Uone, Timmus, Drax Project, Play DJ's, Deep Fried Dub and Ribera.

### Episode 5 (2015)

Episode 5 took place on the last two days of 2015 and attracted 10,000 people. It featured Carl Cox, Sticky Fingers, Chali 2na and the House of Vibe, Opiuo Band, Ed Rush and Optical, Dub Phizix and Strategy, DJ Marky, Mala, Machinedrum, Ame, Weird Together, Electric Wire Hustle, Ahoribuzz, Reality Chant and Deadly Hunta, Kamandi, Arma Del Amor, Remi, JPS, Stickybuds, Summer Thieves, Amit, Kaiser Souzai, Out of Sorts, Thanks Murry Sweetpants and Kumara Funk DJs.

### Episode 6 (2016)

Episode 6 took place on the last two days of 2016. It featured Akil the MC, Arma del Amor, Baynk, Cut Chemist, Cut Snake, Devilskin, Dub FX, Dusky, Ekali, Gareth Thomas, Heidi, Icicle Live ft SP:MC, Isaac Chambers, Ocean Alley, Opiuo, Pacific Heights, Spikey Tee, Tokimonsta, S. P. Y, Thank You City and Young Tapz.

### Episode 7 (2017)

Episode 7 took place on the last two days of 2017. It featured Fat Freddy’s Drop, Ocean Alley, Little Dragon, and Cigarettes After Sex.

### Episode 8 (2018)

Episode 8 took place on the last two days of 2018. It featured Action Bronson, Bicep, DJ Wilkinson, The Black Seeds, Julia Deans, and Matt Corby.

### Episode 9 (2019)

Episode 9 took place on the last two days of 2019. It featured RL Grime, Shapeshifter, Ladi6, and Wilkinson.

### Episode 10 (2020)

Episode 10 took place on the last two days of 2020. It featured Fat Freddy's Drop, Benee, Quix, Shihad, Six60, and The Phoenix Foundation.

### Episode 11 (2021)

Episode 11 took place on the last two days of 2021. It featured a local line-up due to the ongoing COVID-19, situation, Dimension (DJ set), Friction, Culture Shock, Molly and the Chromatics and Carnivorous Plant Society.

### Episode 12 (2022)

Episode 12 took place on the last two days of 2022. It featured Andy C, Chase and Status, Concord Dawn, Cosmo's Midnight, Sampa the Great, and King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard.

### Episode 13 (2023)

Episode 13 took place on the last two days of 2023. It featured BENEE, Fat Freddy's Drop, Peking Duk, and Ocean Alley.

Ocean Alley band member Lach Galbraith publicly apologised after he was caught shoplifting at a hunting and fishing store in Queenstown, New Zealand while visiting for the festival.

### Episode 14 (2024)

Episode 14 is scheduled to take place on the last two days of 2024.

## InfoBox

| Rhythm & Alps | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 30 December – 31 December |
| Location(s) | Wānaka, New Zealand |
| Years active | 2011–present |
| Website | www.rhythmandalps.co.nz |


title: Beckside

abstract: Beckside is a village in Cumbria, England.

text:
# Beckside

**Beckside** is a village in Cumbria, England.

## InfoBox

| Beckside | |
| --- | --- |
| BecksideLocation in South LakelandBecksideLocation within Cumbria | |
| OS grid reference | SD616879 |
| Civil parish |  |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | CARNFORTH |
| Postcode district | LA6 |
| Dialling code | 015396 |
|  | |
| Police | Cumbria |
| Fire | Cumbria |
| Ambulance | North West |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Beckton

abstract: Beckton is a suburb in east London, England, located 8 miles (12.9 km) east of Charing Cross and part of the London Borough of Newham. Adjacent to the River Thames, the area consisted of unpopulated marshland known as the East Ham Levels in the parishes of Barking, East Ham, West Ham and Woolwich. The development of major industrial infrastructure in the 19th century to support the growing metropolis of London caused an increase in population with housing built in the area for workers of the Beckton Gas Works and Beckton Sewage Treatment Works. The area has a convoluted local government history and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. Between 1981 and 1995 it was within the London Docklands Development Corporation area, which caused the population to increase as new homes were built and the Docklands Light Railway was constructed.

text:
# Beckton

**Beckton** is a suburb in east London, England, located 8 miles (12.9 km) east of Charing Cross and part of the London Borough of Newham. Adjacent to the River Thames, the area consisted of unpopulated marshland known as the East Ham Levels in the parishes of Barking, East Ham, West Ham and Woolwich. The development of major industrial infrastructure in the 19th century to support the growing metropolis of London caused an increase in population with housing built in the area for workers of the Beckton Gas Works and Beckton Sewage Treatment Works. The area has a convoluted local government history and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. Between 1981 and 1995 it was within the London Docklands Development Corporation area, which caused the population to increase as new homes were built and the Docklands Light Railway was constructed.

## History

### Toponymy

Beckton is named after Simon Adams Beck, the governor of the Gas Light and Coke Company when work building Beckton Gas Works began in November 1868. The name New Beckton was used in 1881 for the workers estate at Cyprus.

### Local government

Prior to industrialisation, the area that became Beckton was remote and unpopulated Thameside marshland, known as the East Ham Levels. Urban development took place in the south of the parish of East Ham, the part of the parish of Barking to the west of the River Roding and the part of Woolwich parish that was north of the River Thames. The western extremity was in the parish of West Ham. There was also a county boundary, with Barking, East Ham and West Ham in Essex and Woolwich in Kent. The whole area became part of the expanded Metropolitan Police District in 1840. Reflecting an increase in population and the need for more effective local government, local boards were formed for Woolwich in 1852, West Ham in 1856, East Ham in 1878 and Barking Town in 1882. The section in the detached part of Woolwich parish came within the Metropolitan Board of Works district in 1855 and in 1889 this area became the County of London under the control of the newly formed London County Council. The Barking Town and East Ham sections now came within the Essex County Council area, but West Ham instead formed a separate county borough because its population was high enough. East Ham was also elevated to this status in 1915. This continued until 1965 when the London Borough of Newham in Greater London was formed from territory that had been part of East Ham, West Ham, Barking and Woolwich. Beckton was within the London Docklands Development Corporation area from 1981 to 1995.

### Beckton sewage works

Beckton Sewage treatment works were first established in 1864 as part of Joseph Bazalgette's scheme to remove sewage (and hence reduce disease) from London by creating two large sewers from the capital, one on each side of the Thames and known as the Southern and Northern Outfall Sewers. The Beckton sewage works (TQ448823), at the end of the northern outfall sewer, is Europe's 7th largest and is now managed by Thames Water. The outfall sewer has been landscaped and now also serves as the Greenway cycle track through east London.

The site was mooted in 2005 as the location for a desalination plant, but the proposal was rejected by Mayor Ken Livingstone as environmentally unacceptable. The scheme has been resurrected by the successive mayor, Boris Johnson, as part of a deal with Thames Water to reduce delays in fixing roadworks throughout London. The sewerage works has been expanded to handle the flow from the Thames Tideway Scheme.

### Beckton gasworks

Situated north and east of the Royal Docks, the area was formerly heavily industrialised, and was the location of Beckton Gas Works, the largest gasworks in Europe, which served the capital. An adjacent by-products works also produced a wide variety of products including ink, dyes, mothballs, and fertilisers, all by-products of the process of turning coal to coke in the production of town gas. Britain converted from town gas to North Sea natural gas over the period 1966-77 and the Beckton gasworks were closed in 1976.

An extensive toxic spoil-heap from the Gasworks was known ironically as 'Beckton Alps'. Originally running from the Northern outfall sewer south to Winsor Terrace, this was landscaped in the 1980s. Part became a 25 metres (82 ft) high Artificial ski slope for a time, opened by Diana, Princess of Wales, with a viewing platform at the summit and a Swiss-style bar at the foot. However, the site is now derelict.

### Urban development

Beckton railway station opened in 1874 as the eastern terminus of a branch from Custom House.

Immediately after the Second World War, large numbers of prefabs were built in Beckton to house those made homeless by the war. The prefab-lined streets were all named after well-known generals and war heroes, but in the redevelopment of North Beckton in the 1980s, these were all swept away with the exception of Eisenhower Drive.

Containerisation during the 1960s, and the development of the docks at Tilbury, released all the land from the Thames up to the A13 which had been earmarked for a new, North Albert Dock. The original District Plan envisaged a large Council-owned estate, and major infrastructure works—including a huge drainage scheme with pumping stations—were put in place. However, following the creation of the London Docklands Development Corporation, much of the land was sold off resulting in today's blend of largely private housing.

In more recent times, industry has left the area, leaving huge areas of brownfield land, and Beckton has been redeveloped as part of the Docklands project. It now comprises mainly housing and several out-of-town shopping centres, and the architecture is mostly post-1982. Small areas of Victorian housing survive in Winsor Terrace, originally built as accommodation for Gas Light and Coke Company staff, and in the 'Nottingham' estate off Prince Regent Lane. It is served by local buses and Beckton DLR station, which acts as the terminus of the DLR's Beckton branch.

Beckton absorbed the localities of Cyprus and Winsor Park, which was built in the 1870s to house gasworks employees. Several original properties survive on Winsor Terrace, with two-up-two-downs for the workers and generously proportioned end-of-terrace houses for foremen. North Beckton, bordering the northern end of Woolwich Manor Way, was mostly built up in the late 1980s with a network of short streets, even shorter cul-de-sacs and dinky homes, many built as part of social housing schemes.

In the early 21st century, Beckton burgeons south and further east, towards Gallions Reach, being an essential part of the Thames Gateway. "Gallions Hotel", part of the Furlong City development by the lock that links the Royal Docks to the Thames, was formerly a rail terminus which connected with passenger ships leaving for all parts of the British Empire. Many colonial officials and their families spent their last night in Britain in the Gallions Hotel, which was mentioned by Rudyard Kipling in his novel, *The Light That Failed*.

In 2003, the largest Shopping Park in London, Gallions Reach was built. There are another three retail parks in the area; Beckton Triangle Retail Park, Beckton Gateway and Beckton Retail Park.

## Geography

Its boundaries are the A13 trunk road to the north, Barking Creek to the east, the Royal Docks to the south, and Prince Regent Lane to the west. The area around Prince Regent Lane is also known as Custom House. Modern Beckton is divided into East Beckton, Mid Beckton, North Beckton, West Beckton, South Beckton and Cyprus (named after the British capture of Cyprus from the Ottoman Empire in 1878, which occurred as the original estate was being built).

Beckton is at the western end of the London Riverside redevelopment zone of the Thames Gateway. Transport for London is planning a new bridge, the Gallions Reach Crossing, which will connect Beckton to Thamesmead on the southern bank of the River Thames.

## Demographics

Beckton is home to a significant Lithuanian community, which has led to the area being dubbed as *Bektoniškės* or "Little Lithuania". As many as 8,000 Lithuanians are estimated to have settled in Beckton following an increase in mobility for Lithuanian nationals across the European Union in 2007.

## Transport

There are Docklands Light Railway services from Beckton Bus Station to Canning Town Bus Station, Stratford International Bus Station and Tower Gateway DLR Station. There are a number of stations serving Beckton DLR Station, Beckton Bus Station. The nearest Docklands Light Railway station is Beckton for Mid and North Beckton; Cyprus for Cyprus area; Beckton Park for South Beckton and Royal Albert for West Beckton. Beckton is near the London City Airport and Woolwich. Beckton is served by many Transport for London bus services connecting it with areas including Barking Station, Beckton Bus Station, Beckton DLR Station, Beckton Triangle Retail Park, Canning Town Station, Canning Town Bus Station, Canning Town DLR Station, Central London, Chadwell Heath TFL Station, Dagenham, East Ham, Gallions Reach Shopping Park, Ilford, London City Airport, Manor Park, North Woolwich, Royal Albert, Stratford and Wanstead

**Buses**

The area is served by TfL bus services 101, 104, 173, 262, 300, 366, 376, 474, 673, 678; and night bus N551.

Routes 101, 104, 173, 366, 376, 673 and 678 terminate inside the bus station while routes 262, 300, 474 and N551 go past the station.

Buses at this station go as far as Wanstead, Canning Town, Stratford, Goodmayes, East Ham, Manor Park, Plaistow, Royal Albert, Chadwell Heath, Upton Park, Barking, Ilford, Loxford Estate, Redbridge, Dagenham, Gallions Reach and North Woolwich.

### Beckton bus station

Beckton is a London Buses bus station in the neighbourhood of Beckton, east London. The station is owned and maintained by Transport for London.

## Culture and community

The Gasworks were still extant—although derelict—in the early 1980s, when Stanley Kubrick's team came scouting for an area that could double for the battle scenes in his 1987 film, *Full Metal Jacket*. The Gasworks rough concrete structures were painted with Vietnamese script, and then strategically dynamited so as to resemble war-torn Huế. Retail parks now cover most of the Gasworks site.

Other notable films shot in and around the Beckton area during the 1980s included the 1981 James Bond film, *For Your Eyes Only*, which featured extensive aerial views of the Gasworks in the pre-credit sequence. Beckton was also used as a location in Michael Radford's 1984 feature film adaptation of George Orwell's *Nineteen Eighty-Four*—the Gasworks served as the setting for Orwell's "Proletarian Zones".

The video for Loop's 1990 single 'Arc-lite' was filmed on the set of *Full Metal Jacket*, as was the video for the 1997 Oasis single, "D'You Know What I Mean?"

Andrew Birkin's 1990 film of Ian McEwan's novel, *The Cement Garden*, was also filmed in Beckton and starred Charlotte Gainsbourg. In several scenes of *The Cement Garden*, aircraft can be heard taxiing at the nearby London City Airport. Winsor House, which served as the backdrop to the film was later demolished and the Winsor House Hotel stands there now.

In the opening minutes of the 2007 Simon Pegg film *Hot Fuzz*, the Tate & Lyle factory, Silvertown, and the City Airport aprons can be seen through the window blinds of Building 1000.

Footballer Jermain Defoe was born in Beckton. Defoe has said Beckton has "made him the man he is today". On 13 February 2006 Jermain Defoe scored his 100th Premier League goal against Charlton. He celebrated making a "B" sign with his hands to commemorate Beckton.

On 14 May 2010 Beckton was the location of a terrorist attack on local Member of Parliament Stephen Timms. He was approached by 21-year-old Islamist Roshonara Choudhry during his constituency surgery at the Beckton Globe library and stabbed twice in an attempted assassination. Timms survived the attack and the perpetrator was jailed for life.

## Education

The University of East London Docklands Campus is a campus of the University of East London (UEL) situated in the Docklands area of east London in the Cyprus area of Beckton. The campus opened in 1999. It is one of three UEL campuses, the others being the Stratford Campus and the new University Square Stratford location.

Kingsford Community School is a secondary school located close to Beckton DLR. It opened in September 2000, and educates full-time children from the ages of 11 to 16.

## InfoBox

| Beckton | |
| --- | --- |
| Gas holders at Beckton | |
| BecktonLocation within Greater London | |
| Population | 33,247 (ward, 2021) |
| OS grid reference | TQ435815 |
| Charing Cross | 8 mi (12.9 km) |
| London borough |  |
| Ceremonial county | Greater London |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | LONDON |
| Postcode district | E6 |
| Dialling code | 020 |
|  | |
| Police | Metropolitan |
| Fire | London |
| Ambulance | London |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
| London Assembly |  |
|


title: Ricardo C. Binns

abstract: Ricardo Courtney Binns (R.C.Binns) was a corporal in the United States Marine Corps and a recipient of the Navy Cross for actions in the Battle of Hill 488 of the Vietnam War. Later in life he became an author. Using the name he was most commonly known by, R. C. Binns, he wrote "We Are Not Warmongers", and The Price of Glory: "Battle of Hill 488".

text:
# Ricardo C. Binns

**Ricardo Courtney Binns** (R.C.Binns) (25 December 1945 – 10 November 2018) was a corporal in the United States Marine Corps and a recipient of the Navy Cross for actions in the Battle of Hill 488 of the Vietnam War. Later in life he became an author. Using the name he was most commonly known by, R. C. Binns, he wrote "We Are Not Warmongers", and The Price of Glory: "Battle of Hill 488".

## Biography

Binns was born in The Bronx, New York on 25 December 1945. In 1963, he enlisted in the Marine Corps and attended recruit training at Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island. He was subsequently trained in an infantry specialty as an anti-tank assaultman, assigned the Military Occupational Specialty code of 0351. He was then assigned to 1st Battalion, 8th Marines at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune until he volunteered for duty in the Vietnam War. There, he served with a military police unit until assigned to 2nd Battalion, 9th Marines. He was reassigned to Company C of 1st Reconnaissance Battalion after volunteering for training as a reconnaissanceman and was awarded a meritorious promotion to lance corporal.

On the evening of 13 June 1966, Binns's platoon of 18, under the leadership of then-Staff Sergeant Jimmie E. Howard were dropped behind enemy lines atop Hill 488, known to locals as Nui Vu, near Chu Lai and Tam Kỳ, with a mission to observe enemy troop movements in the Hiệp Đức Valley, and call in artillery and airstrikes. Within two days, the North Vietnamese Army detected the observation post and descended on them in force. On the night of the 15th, a nearby Army Special Forces team radioed warning that a full battalion of about 200 to 250 regulars and several Viet Cong were closing in. At 2200 that night, Binns fired the first shots from his M14 rifle, and the enemy soon engaged the Marines too close for their fire support to assist, though a C-47 did deploy flares for illumination. Binns exposed himself numerous times to recover wounded personnel despite his own wounds, as he was distributing ammunition and taking charge when Howard was wounded or busy on the radio. Late into the night of the 15th, as Marines traded taunts with the enemy, desperate pilots began dangerously close close air support missions By dawn on the 16th, the beleaguered platoon held their position, killing approximately 200 enemies at a cost of 6 of the platoon in the 12 hours of intense fighting. Binns was one of four Navy Cross recipients during the battle, while Howard would be awarded the Medal of Honor and the remaining thirteen received Silver Stars.

Wounded in the battle, Binns refused assistance once a company from 1st Battalion, 5th Marines arrived to relieve the Marines. Awarded his second Purple Heart, he was unable to fully recover, placed on a temporary retirement list and eventually medically discharged in 1971. In 2010 and 2011, a recommendation that Binns' Navy Cross be upgraded to the Medal of Honor was submitted to multiple Congressmen in Idaho, where he resided at the time. The recommendation was denied by the Marine Corps in 2014. Ricardo Binns died in his home in Boundary County, Idaho, on 10 November 2018.

The President of the United States
Takes Pleasure in Presenting The Navy Cross To

**Corporal Ricardo C. Binns**

United States Marine Corps

for service as set forth in the following citation:

> The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Corporal \[then Lance Corporal\] Ricardo C. Binns, United States Marine Corps, for extraordinary heroism as a Scout Team Leader, Company C, First Force Reconnaissance Battalion, First Marine Division (Reinforced), Fleet Marine Force, in the Republic of Vietnam on the night of 15–16 June 1966. Corporal Binns' platoon established an observation post deep within communist controlled territory to observe enemy movement. At 0100 a massive assault was launched against the Marine position by a determined and well-trained North Vietnamese battalion. The murderous enemy fire was so intense that five of the eighteen-man platoon were killed and the remainder wounded. On two separate occasions, with complete disregard for his personal safety, Corporal Binns braved the withering enemy fire to forcibly pull to the ground severely wounded Marines who had unconsciously exposed themselves to almost certain death. Realizing that his Platoon Leader was wounded and unable to move, and preoccupied with the direction of close support aircraft, Corporal Binns took it upon himself to direct the fire of the remaining seven Marines, redistribute the ammunition of those who could not use it, and care for the wounded. Although painfully wounded in both legs, Corporal Binns displayed magnificent courage throughout the night and long into the following morning. His selfless devotion to duty, superb professional skill, deep concern for his fellow Marines, and extraordinary heroism inspired all who observed him and were in keeping with the highest traditions of the Marine Corps and of the United States Naval Service.

* Hildreth, Ray; Sasser, Charles W. (2003). *Hill 488*. New York: Pocket Books. ISBN 0-7434-6643-8.
* Binns, R.C. (2015). We R Not Warmongers, Blue Shadow Enterprises: Bonners Ferry, ID. (Self-published)

## InfoBox

| Ricardo Courtney Binns | |
| --- | --- |
| Binns being awarded the Navy Cross | |
| Nickname(s) | "Ric" |
| Born | (1945-12-25)25 December 1945
Bronx, New York, US |
| Died | 10 November 2018(2018-11-10) (aged 72)
Bonners Ferry, Idaho, US |
| Buried | Buried at Sea off USS *Howard* |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/branch | United States Marine Corps |
| Years of service | 1963–1971 |
| Rank | Corporal |
| Unit | 1st Battalion, 8th Marines
2nd Battalion, 9th Marines
1st Reconnaissance Battalion |
| Battles/wars | **Vietnam War** |
| Awards | Navy Cross
Purple Heart (2) |


title: Ricardo C. Puno

abstract: Ricardo Concepcion Puno, also known as Ricardo Puno, Sr., was a Filipino lawyer, judge and jurist, and the Minister of Justice of the Philippines from 1979 to 1984.

text:
# Ricardo C. Puno

**Ricardo Concepcion Puno** (January 4, 1923 – July 25, 2018), also known as **Ricardo Puno, Sr.**, was a Filipino lawyer, judge and jurist, and the Minister of Justice of the Philippines from 1979 to 1984.

## Background

Puno was born on January 4, 1923, in Guagua, Pampanga and went by the nickname Carding. He attended the Ateneo de Manila University and Manuel L. Quezon University (MLQU). He went on to teach at MLQU, beginning a career of teaching law spanning decades and multiple institutions of higher education such as the Ateneo de Manila, the San Beda College of Law, San Sebastián College, Adamson University and the University of the Philippines (UP). He was also a partner at Ledesma, Puno and Associates until 1962.

Puno spoke Filipino, English and Spanish, besides his native Kapampangan.

## Politics

Puno was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Region IV (Metro Manila) from 1978 to 1984, and served as Minister of Justice from 1979 to 1984.

## Later life

In 1984, Puno resumed his work as a lawyer and founded Puno and Puno Law Offices (PunoLaw). He continued to lecture in law until 1991.

Puno was married to Priscilla Villanueva Puno, with whom he had twelve children. He died on July 25, 2018, after a lingering illness and is interred at the Heritage Park in Taguig.

## InfoBox

| Ricardo Concepcion Puno | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Minister of Justice | |
| **In office**
July 23, 1979  June 30, 1984 | |
| President | Ferdinand Marcos |
| Prime Minister | Ferdinand Marcos (1979–1981)
Cesar Virata (1981–1984) |
| Member of the Interim Batasang Pambansa from Region IV | |
| **In office**
June 12, 1978  June 5, 1984 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Ricardo Concepcion Puno
(1923-01-04)January 4, 1923
Guagua, Pampanga, Philippine Islands |
| Died | July 25, 2018(2018-07-25) (aged 95) |
| Resting place | The Heritage Park, Taguig |
| Nationality | Filipino |
| Political party | Kilusang Bagong Lipunan |
| Spouse | Priscilla Villanueva Puno |
| Children | Ricardo "Dong" Puno, Jr.
Regis Puno
Roselle "Sela" Puno-Mapa
Roderico V. Puno
Renato "Rene" Puno
Ronaldo "Ronnie" Puno
Roberto "Robbie" Puno
Roderico "Eric" Puno |
| Education | Guagua National Colleges |
| Alma mater | Ateneo de Manila University (BA)
Manuel L. Quezon University (LL.B) |
| Occupation | Lawyer, jurist, lawmaker |
| Website | www.punolaw.com |
| Nickname | Carding |
|  | |


title: Behind the Shadows (film)

abstract: Behind the Shadows is an upcoming Hong Kong action thriller film directed by Jonathan and Choy Man-yu and starring Louis Koo, Liu Kuan-ting and Chrissie Chau. Koo plays a private detective who is investigating a rape and murder case involving adultery. Production for the film began in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in September 2023.

text:
# Behind the Shadows (film)

***Behind the Shadows*** is an upcoming Hong Kong action thriller film directed by Jonathan and Choy Man-yu and starring Louis Koo, Liu Kuan-ting and Chrissie Chau. Koo plays a private detective who is investigating a rape and murder case involving adultery.

Production for the film began in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in September 2023.

## Cast

## Production

In April 2023, Louis Koo's production company, One Cool Group Limited, established a new branch in Malaysia and *Behind the Shadows* is the first film production to be shot in the country. The film held its production launch press conference on 16 September 2023 at the EQ Hotel, Jalan Sultan Ismail in the Kuala Lumpur Inner Ring Road attended by directors Jonathan Li and Chou Man-yu and cast members Koo, Liu Kuan-ting, Chrissie Chau, Raymond Wong, Renci Yeung, Eddie, Yumi Wong, Auguste Kwan and Phei Yong. Cheang Pou-soi will serve as the film's producer. Koo reveals he plays a private detective in the film who investigates an adultery rape and murder case while Chau reveals she plays the estranged wife of Koo's character. Raymond Wong reveals that he portrays a gang member while Yeung stated that she plays one of the partners of Wong's character. Director Li reveals that principal photography for the film began a week prior in the Klang Valley area and is scheduled to wrap by the end of the following month On 22 September, the film held its production commencement blessing ceremony in Kuala Lumpur.

## InfoBox

| Behind the Shadows | |
| --- | --- |
| Teaser film poster | |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 尾隨 |
| Simplified Chinese | 尾随 |
| Literal meaning | Piggybacking |
|
| Hanyu Pinyin | Wěi Suí |
| Jyutping | Mei6 Ceoi4 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Directed by | Jonathan Li
Chou Man-yu |
| Screenplay by | Chou Man-yu |
| Produced by | Cheang Pou-soi
Tang Wai-but
Allyan Too |
| Starring | Louis Koo
Liu Kuan-ting
Chrissie Chau |
| Cinematography | Tam Wan-kai |
| Production
companies | One Cool Film Production
Wishart Media
Filmforce Studios
One Cool Film SDN BHD |
| Distributed by | One Cool Pictures |
| Countries | Hong Kong
Malaysia |
| Language | Cantonese |


abstract: Belknap Township is a township in Pottawattamie County, Iowa, United States.

text:
# Belknap Township, Pottawattamie County, Iowa

**Belknap Township** is a township in Pottawattamie County, Iowa, United States.

## History

Belknap Township is named for William W. Belknap.

## InfoBox

| Belknap Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| BelknapLocation in Iowa | |
| Coordinates: 41°30′34″N 95°44′13″W / 41.50944°N 95.73694°W / 41.50944; -95.73694 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Iowa |
| County | Pottawattamie |
| Time zone | Central (CST) |


title: Bell Aliant Tower

abstract: The Bell Aliant Tower, formerly known as the Aliant Tower and older still, the NBTel Tower, is a 127-metre-high (417 ft) tower of reinforced concrete located in Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada. It is used to provide directional radio services. It is the tallest structure in Moncton and the tallest freestanding structure in Atlantic Canada.

text:
# Bell Aliant Tower

The **Bell Aliant Tower**, formerly known as the **Aliant Tower** and older still, the **NBTel Tower**, is a 127-metre-high (417 ft) tower of reinforced concrete located in Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada. It is used to provide directional radio services. It is the tallest structure in Moncton and the tallest freestanding structure in Atlantic Canada.

## History

The NBTel Tower was the subject of litigation in *John Maryon Int Ltd v. NB Telephone Co* \[1982\] N.B.J. No. 387 (N.B. C.A.). In his decision on the case, Justice LaForest provided substantial background on the early history of the tower:

In early 1970 the New Brunswick Telephone Company, Limited (N.B.Tel) learned that plans had been approved by the City of Moncton for the construction of the Place L'Assomption development, a new high-rise business complex in the heart of the city. This development would block the transmission of microwave messages to and from N.B.Tel's 135 feet steel tower located in downtown Moncton. As a result, N.B.Tel decided to build a new and higher tower, and in June 1970 it invited several consulting engineers to submit proposals for the construction of the new tower. John Maryon International Ltd. (Maryon International) was selected as consultant to design and arrange for its construction. Construction work had in fact already started on September 21, 1970, when excavation for the foundation was begun. The slip form method of construction, whereby concrete is poured into forms continuously moving upwards, was recommended and used in constructing the tower shaft. The slip form began on November 4, 1970, and was finished on November 20, 1970. Other aspects of the work proceeded with similar celerity, and the tower was completed and fully operational by the following summer. It was officially opened at the beginning of June 1971.

During the construction phase of the tower, only two people ever stood on top of the red beacon at the top of the tower, Bob Sweet and John Brophi, both were engineers on the project.

At the time of its construction, Aliant Tower was the tallest microwave communications tower of its kind in North America. It remains the tallest tower in Atlantic Canada and is one of the tallest structures in Atlantic Canada surpassed only by the smokestacks at the Coleson Cove, Tufts Cove and Belledune generating stations. It remains the tallest structure in Moncton dwarfing the neighbouring Place L'Assomption, one of the tallest office buildings in New Brunswick, by 46 metres. Aliant Tower is also recognized for its importance as a symbol of economical and technological growth in Moncton's history. In choosing Moncton as the location for this innovative tower, NBTel claimed to be predicting where the growth of the Province as a whole would take place. The tower's placement at the corner of Botsford Street and Queen Street is also significant. The tower sits on the site of Moncton's first telephone exchange, which was started in 1883 by George C. Peters with five subscribers.

## InfoBox

| Bell Aliant Tower | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Type | Telecommunications |
| Location | Downtown Moncton |
| Coordinates | 46°5′23.86″N 64°46′35.54″W / 46.0899611°N 64.7765389°W / 46.0899611; -64.7765389 |
| Completed | 1971 |
| Owner | Bell Aliant |
| Height | |
| Antenna spire | 127 m (417 ft)<br>(Equiv. to approx. 32 floors) |
| Technical details | |
| Lifts/elevators | 1 |


title: Beka Tsiklauri

abstract: Beka Tsiklauri is a Georgian rugby union player who plays as a fullback. He currently plays for Locomotive in the Georgia Championship and the Georgia national team. He has 22 caps for Georgia since his debut in 2008, with 4 tries, 11 conversions, 15 penalties and 2 drop goals scored, 93 points in aggregate. He was called for the 2015 Rugby World Cup, playing in two games and scoring a try against the All Blacks.

text:
# Beka Tsiklauri

**Beka Tsiklauri** (born February 9, 1989, in Tbilisi) is a Georgian rugby union player who plays as a fullback.

He currently plays for Locomotive in the Georgia Championship and the Georgia national team.

He has 22 caps for Georgia since his debut in 2008, with 4 tries, 11 conversions, 15 penalties and 2 drop goals scored, 93 points in aggregate. He was called for the 2015 Rugby World Cup, playing in two games and scoring a try against the All Blacks.

## InfoBox

Beka Tsiklauri
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1989-02-09) 9 February 1989 |
| Place of birth | Tbilisi, Soviet Union |
| Height | 1.82 m (6 ft 0 in) |
| Weight | 87 kg (13 st 10 lb; 192 lb) |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Fullback  Senior career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  Locomotive   ()  Correct as of 4 September 2015  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2008- Georgia  30  (124)  Correct as of 19 April 2018 | |


abstract: The South Africa national under-18 basketball team represents South Africa in international under-18 basketball competitions. The team is administered by Basketball South Africa.

text:
# South Africa men's national under-18 basketball team

The **South Africa national under-18 basketball team** represents South Africa in international under-18 (under age 18) basketball competitions. The team is administered by Basketball South Africa.

## InfoBox

South Africa
| FIBA zone | FIBA Africa |
| --- | --- |
| National federation | BSA |
| World Championships | |
| Appearances | None |
| Africa Championships | |
| Appearances | 2 (1998, 2006) |
| Medals | None |


title: Battle of Nooitgedacht

abstract: In the Battle of Nooitgedacht on 13 December 1900, Boer commandos led by Generals Koos de la Rey and Christiaan Beyers combined to deal a defeat to a British brigade under the command of Major General R. A. P. Clements during the Second Boer War.

text:
# Battle of Nooitgedacht

In the **Battle of Nooitgedacht** on 13 December 1900, Boer commandos led by Generals Koos de la Rey and Christiaan Beyers combined to deal a defeat to a British brigade under the command of Major General R. A. P. Clements during the Second Boer War.

## Background

Lord Roberts captured Pretoria on 5 June and the armies soon passed to the east. After the guerrilla war began, a force under Clements harried the Boers in the Moot, a valley in the Magaliesberg mountains. By the end of the year, the British grew careless. On 2 December, De la Rey's commando ambushed an ox-wagon convoy east of Rustenburg, killing and wounding 64 British soldiers and capturing 54 men and 118 wagons. De la Rey's deputy, Jan Smuts had a close call when a bullet intended for him killed another Boer. The raiders appropriated the boots and clothing and burned the rest of the supplies, while setting their prisoners free.

De la Rey scouted Clement's camp at Nooitgedacht for three days. The camp had good water supply and a nearby mountain allowed communication by heliograph with Major General Robert Broadwood at Rustenburg. However, the site was dominated on the north by a 300-metre (980 ft) mountain. A 1500-man commando led by General Beyers soon arrived, giving the Boers numerical superiority over their adversaries. Smuts later wrote, "I do not think it was possible to have selected a more fatal spot for a camp."

## Battle

The Boer leaders soon agreed on a plan. Half of Beyers' men would stay behind to keep Broadwood from marching to the rescue. The remainder, about 1500 men, were split into three attacking groups. Beyers would lead his commando against 300 British pickets on the mountaintop. Beyers detached Commandant Badenhorst to attack the camp from the west. De la Rey would capture several kopjes in the Moot to the south. If all went well, Clements' brigade would be trapped and destroyed.

In the event, Badenhorst's column blundered into the British picket lines in the pre-dawn darkness. In a brief fusillade at close range, the Boers were driven back, with losses on both sides. The alerted British now manned their defensive positions. Beyers then launched his attack on the mountaintop, but his tired men were soon stopped by sturdy resistance from the Northumberland Fusiliers. After witnessing De la Rey's initial attack being repulsed in the valley below, Beyer's men became inspired and stormed the British positions on the mountaintop. After losing about 100 casualties, Captain Yatman surrendered at about 7:00 am. Reinforcements climbing the mountain lost heavily when Beyers' men suddenly poured fire into them.

That morning it was too hazy to flash a message to Broadwood, so Clements was entirely on his own. Meanwhile, De la Rey and Smuts had managed to capture all the kopjes in the Moot except one, Yeomanry Hill (Hartebeestfontein). Clements alertly and swiftly concentrated his survivors on this position. At 8:00 am, the British drove away a group of Boers who had gained a foothold on Yeomanry Hill. They then worked furiously to make the hill defensible. A 4.7-inch naval gun was even saved by rolling it downhill from its original perch and dragging it back to the main British position.

Meanwhile, the men under Beyers turned aside to loot the British camp and nothing the Boer general could do would get them back to the battle. One Boer remarked, "We were refitted from head to heel." At 4:00 pm, Clements and the remnant of his brigade rode off with his artillery toward Pretoria. Their retreat was virtually unopposed because the Boers were exhausted and by this time De la Rey's men had joined the other Boers in plundering the enemy camp.

## Aftermath

Thanks to his quick response to the crisis, Clements saved his brigade from annihilation. However, the general lost half his brigade due to his poor choice for a camp. The Imperial forces suffered no consequences from their defeat aside from the casualties suffered and the supplies lost. Within a short time, a column under Clements was again harassing the Moot.

* Evans, Martin Marix. *The Boer War: South Africa 1899-1902.* Oxford: Osprey, 1999. ISBN 1-85532-851-8
* Pakenham, Thomas. *The Boer War.* New York: Avon Books, 1979. ISBN 0-380-72001-9

## InfoBox

| Battle of Nooitgedacht | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Second Boer War | |
| <br>Plan of the battle of Nooitgedacht (*Battles of the nineteenth century*, 1901) | |
| Date 13 December 1900  Location Transvaal, South Africa25°51′36″S 27°33′11″E / 25.86000°S 27.55306°E / -25.86000; 27.55306 (Battle of Nooitgedacht)  Result  Boer victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| United Kingdom | South African Republic |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Ralph Clements | Koos de la Rey, Christiaan Beyers |
| Strength | |
| 1,500 | 2,100 |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 650 killed, wounded and captured | 30 killed |


title: Rhadinaea hesperia

abstract: Rhadinaea hesperia, the western graceful brown snake, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. It is found in Mexico.

text:
# Rhadinaea hesperia

***Rhadinaea hesperia***, the **western graceful brown snake**, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. It is found in Mexico.

## InfoBox

| *Rhadinaea hesperia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Colubridae |
| Genus: | *Rhadinaea* |
| Species: | ***R. hesperia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Rhadinaea hesperia***
Bailey, 1940 | |
|


title: Kanor tehsil

abstract: Kanor is a tehsil of Udaipur district in Rajasthan, India. As of April 2019, it is the 15th tehsil of Udaipur district and the youngest one, having been formed in 2018.

text:
# Kanor tehsil

**Kanor** (also spelt Kanore) is a tehsil of Udaipur district in Rajasthan, India. As of April 2019, it is the 15th tehsil of Udaipur district and the youngest one, having been formed in 2018.

## History

Before the formation of the Republic of India, the territory of present-day Kanor tehsil was part of the former Udaipur State. With the formation of the United State of Rajasthan (precursor to the state of Rajasthan) in 1948, the new district of Udaipur was constituted which included the territory of present-day Kanor tehsil.

The area of Kanor tehsil for formerly part of Bhindar tehsil (2017-2018) and Vallabhnagar tehsil (1948-2017). It came into being as a tehsil in 2018.

## Geography

The area of Kanor tehsil is 259 square kilometres. The annual average rainfall in the tehsil is 608 mm, with an average of 30 rainy days per year.

## InfoBox

| Kanor tehsil
 | |
| --- | --- |
| Tehsil | |
| Kanor tehsil
Location of Kanor tehsilKanor tehsil
Kanor tehsil
(India) | |
| Coordinates: 24°26′11″N 74°15′47″E / 24.436448°N 74.263154°E / 24.436448; 74.263154 | |
| Tehsil seat | Kanor |
| Area | |
| Total | 259 km2 (100 sq mi) |
|  |  |
| Time zone | Indian Standard Time |


title: Siri Sampadalu

abstract: Siri Sampadalu is a 1962 Indian Telugu-language drama film, produced by V. Venkateswarlu and directed by P. Pullaiah. It stars Akkineni Nageswara Rao and Savitri, with music composed by Master Venu.

text:
# Siri Sampadalu

***Siri Sampadalu*** (transl.Property and Wealth) is a 1962 Indian Telugu-language drama film, produced by V. Venkateswarlu and directed by P. Pullaiah. It stars Akkineni Nageswara Rao and Savitri, with music composed by Master Venu.

## Plot

The film begins at a terrain Sitanagaram ruled by Zamindar Raghupati Naidu. He has two progeny, Jagapati Naidu & Parvati. Chakradhar is his son-in-law who resides in matrilocality and lives delightfully at their residence, *Ananda Nilayam.* The couple has a son, Prasad, and Parvati dotes on her sibling's three motherless infants, Padma, Latha, & Rama. Prasad & Padma have camaraderie from childhood, and the elders announce their spice. However, Raghupati Naidu's family is heredity accustomed to exclusive charity. Chakradhar always opposes it when a rift arises between them. Since his self-respect suffers, Chakradhar is about to quit, but Raghupati Naidu bars him, and he dies accidentally in that strife. Jagapati Naidu inculpates Chakradhar, cuts the cords with Parvati, and they shut down. Chakradhar passes away under contrite, and Jagapati Naidu admits his kids in the city hostel.

Years roll by, and Jagapati Naidu continues his father's legacy, full of debts at loan shark Bhujangam and ruse of his sly manager Garataiah. In the town, Jagapati's daughters earn a solid reputation. Latha falls for Madhu, the son of Bhujangam. Garataiah's son AK Mar / Anand Kumar, an amateur detective, is their fellow. Destiny makes Prasad the bestie of Madhu & Anand and acquaints him with his cousins. Once, he invites the 3 to his house when Parvati identifies them. Though Padma & Latha are cordial, Rama shows resentment and exits. Nevertheless, the love blossoms between Prasad & Padma. Discerning it, Jagapati warns Parvati about the nonexistence of bonds among others. Then, she snaps to do so, and Prasad, too, respects his mother's word.

Following this, Bhujangam is to vend Jagapati's totality. To secure his honor, he proceeds to sell the hierarchy jewelry, but it has been heisted priorly by Garataiah. In that predicament, Padma reveals the love of Madhu & Latha and Jagapati forward with a bridal connection. Whereat, Bhujangam mortifies him, and Jagapati indignantly smacks him. As a result, he is penalized, and assets are seized. Being conscious of it, Prasad arrives, gains the property, and delivers to the sisters. Yet, they relinquish it and vacate, but he covertly aids them. Moreover, mindful of theft, Prasad regards Garataiah as guilty and assigns Anand to crack the code.

Meanwhile, Bhujangam forcibly finalizes Madhu's alliance with Kondamma, the daughter of wealthy Panakala Rao. Knowing it, Latha is sickened and hospitalized. According to Prasad, Madhu plays as a lunatic admitted at the same location. Hence, the match goes to Anand, who knits Kondamma. Through Madhu, the sibs are aware of the facts. Anyhow, Bhujangam overhears it, and he drags & locks up Madhu. Next, the sisters accompany their aunt, bearing Prasad's virtue in mind. Parallelly, Anand unveils his father's plot—frightened, Garataiah steps in to sell the jewelry to Bhujangam, who backstabs and grabs them. Learning it, Anand rushes when Prasad walks to Bhujangam to request Madhu & Latha's espousal. Thus, he detects the jewelry. So, Bhujangam seeks to slay him, but unfortunately, he hits Anand in darkness. Prasad shields & hides him with Madhu. Now, in the disguise of *Atmaram,* he haunts Bhujangam & Garataiah. Till then, Jagapati acquits, Prasad accumulates all at *Ananda Nilayam* with jewelry and erupts the actuality. At last, Jagapati entreaty Parvati for Prasad & Padma's conjoin, which she bestows. Bhujangam also regretfully apologizes and pleads with Jagapati to accept Madhu as his son-in-law. Finally, the movie ends happily with the marriages of Prasad & Padma and Madhu & Latha.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

| Siri Sampadalu | |
| --- | --- |
| Film score by Master Venu | |
| Released | 1962 |
| Genre | Soundtrack |
| Length | 26:02 |
| Producer | Master Venu |

Music composed by Master Venu.

| S. No | Song Title | Lyrics | Singers | length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Chittipotti Papalu" | Acharya Aatreya | Santha Kumari | 3:05 |
| 2 | "Enduko Siggenduko" | Sri Sri | Ghantasala, P. Susheela | 2:59 |
| 3 | "Ee Pagalu" | Acharya Aatreya | Ghantasala, S. Janaki | 3:00 |
| 4 | "Venugaanammu Vinipinchene" | Kosaraju | Jikki, S. Janaki, P. Susheela | 3:28 |
| 5 | "Gudilo Devuni Gantalu" | Kosaraju | P. Susheela | 3:01 |
| 6 | "Puvvu Navvenu" | Acharya Aatreya | S. Janaki | 2:57 |
| 7 | "Varaniki Okkate Sunday" | Kosaraju | Pithapuram, S. Janaki | 4:15 |
| 8 | "Kondammo" | Kosaraju | P. B. Sreenivas,Swarnalatha | 3:17 |

## Awards

National Film Awards

## InfoBox

| Siri Sampadalu | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | P. Pullaiah |
| Written by | Pinisetty Srirama Murthy
(story / dialogues) |
| Screenplay by | P. Pullaiah |
| Produced by | V. Venkateswarlu |
| Starring | Akkineni Nageswara Rao
Savitri |
| Cinematography | Madhav Bulbule |
| Edited by | N. M. Shankar |
| Music by | Master Venu |
| Production
company | Padmasri Pictures |
| Release date | * 19 September 1962 (1962-09-19) |
| Running time | 155 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Telugu |


title: Donnie Davies

abstract: Donnie Davies is a fictional character who is featured in a number of websites. Davies describes himself as an Anabaptist youth pastor, "reformed homosexual", and lead singer for the band Evening Service. Davies and the band were unknown until the release of the music video for the anti-homosexuality song "The Bible Says" on the Internet in January 2007. Davies claims affiliation with the organization Love God's Way Ministries, which launched a website around the same time as the release of the video. He is also the founder and spokesman for the C.H.O.P.S. program. The acronym stands for "Changing Homosexuals into Ordinary People Sexually". C.H.O.P.S. is promoted through Love God's Way's website. His video was removed from YouTube.com without comment from the company and has been removed by Google. It has since been put back up on YouTube.

text:
# Donnie Davies

**Donnie Davies** is a fictional character who is featured in a number of websites. Davies describes himself as an Anabaptist youth pastor, "reformed homosexual", and lead singer for the band Evening Service. Davies and the band were unknown until the release of the music video for the anti-homosexuality song "The Bible Says" on the Internet in January 2007. Davies claims affiliation with the organization Love God's Way Ministries, which launched a website around the same time as the release of the video. He is also the founder and spokesman for the C.H.O.P.S. program. The acronym stands for "Changing Homosexuals into Ordinary People Sexually". C.H.O.P.S. is promoted through Love God's Way's website.

His video was removed from YouTube.com without comment from the company and has been removed by Google. It has since been put back up on YouTube.

## Controversy

Much of the initial controversy revolved around whether or not Davies is genuinely promoting an anti-gay agenda, or if this is a viral marketing campaign. Some gay rights advocates acknowledge that as a spoof it is humorous, but claim the message behind it is still as malicious as someone who seriously possessed the opinion. Debate has quickly risen regarding the authenticity of Davies' youth ministry activities, the band Evening Service, and the organization Love God's Way ranging from entertainment publications such as *Spin* to thousands of personal blogs Some in the blogosphere maintained that Davies was truly seeking to "convert" other homosexuals to heterosexuality . Others considered Davies ministry and the video part of a carefully designed hoax mocking the Christian Conservative community. Other controversies involve the claims on Donnie's website of what music "will make you gay." This included some of his own music.

Gay rights organizations, such as Heartstrong, are addressing this as a serious threat to the gay community.

Several blogs speculated that Donnie Davies was a character created by improv actor Todd Quillen or out gay director Jason Bolicki.

On 9 February 2007, MTV News Webcam Correspondent posted a video on YouTube, proving Donnie Davies to be a character played by actor Joey Oglesby. The piece interviewed the actor and director and included their surprise that anyone took the video as being serious.


title: Bicubic interpolation

abstract: In mathematics, bicubic interpolation is an extension of cubic spline interpolation for interpolating data points on a two-dimensional regular grid. The interpolated surface is smoother than corresponding surfaces obtained by bilinear interpolation or nearest-neighbor interpolation. Bicubic interpolation can be accomplished using either Lagrange polynomials, cubic splines, or cubic convolution algorithm. In image processing, bicubic interpolation is often chosen over bilinear or nearest-neighbor interpolation in image resampling, when speed is not an issue. In contrast to bilinear interpolation, which only takes 4 pixels (2×2) into account, bicubic interpolation considers 16 pixels (4×4). Images resampled with bicubic interpolation can have different interpolation artifacts, depending on the b and c values chosen.

text:
# Bicubic interpolation

In mathematics, **bicubic interpolation** is an extension of cubic spline interpolation (a method of applying cubic interpolation to a data set) for interpolating data points on a two-dimensional regular grid. The interpolated surface (meaning the kernel shape, not the image) is smoother than corresponding surfaces obtained by bilinear interpolation or nearest-neighbor interpolation. Bicubic interpolation can be accomplished using either Lagrange polynomials, cubic splines, or cubic convolution algorithm.

In image processing, bicubic interpolation is often chosen over bilinear or nearest-neighbor interpolation in image resampling, when speed is not an issue. In contrast to bilinear interpolation, which only takes 4 pixels (2×2) into account, bicubic interpolation considers 16 pixels (4×4). Images resampled with bicubic interpolation can have different interpolation artifacts, depending on the b and c values chosen.

## Computation

Suppose the function values $f$ and the derivatives $f\_{x}$, $f\_{y}$ and $f\_{xy}$ are known at the four corners $(0,0)$, $(1,0)$, $(0,1)$, and $(1,1)$ of the unit square. The interpolated surface can then be written as $p(x,y)=\sum \limits \_{i=0}^{3}\sum \_{j=0}^{3}a\_{ij}x^{i}y^{j}.$

The interpolation problem consists of determining the 16 coefficients $a\_{ij}$. Matching $p(x,y)$ with the function values yields four equations:

1. $f(0,0)=p(0,0)=a\_{00},$
2. $f(1,0)=p(1,0)=a\_{00}+a\_{10}+a\_{20}+a\_{30},$
3. $f(0,1)=p(0,1)=a\_{00}+a\_{01}+a\_{02}+a\_{03},$
4. $f(1,1)=p(1,1)=\textstyle \sum \limits \_{i=0}^{3}\sum \limits \_{j=0}^{3}a\_{ij}.$

Likewise, eight equations for the derivatives in the $x$ and the $y$ directions:

1. $f\_{x}(0,0)=p\_{x}(0,0)=a\_{10},$
2. $f\_{x}(1,0)=p\_{x}(1,0)=a\_{10}+2a\_{20}+3a\_{30},$
3. $f\_{x}(0,1)=p\_{x}(0,1)=a\_{10}+a\_{11}+a\_{12}+a\_{13},$
4. $f\_{x}(1,1)=p\_{x}(1,1)=\textstyle \sum \limits \_{i=1}^{3}\sum \limits \_{j=0}^{3}a\_{ij}i,$
5. $f\_{y}(0,0)=p\_{y}(0,0)=a\_{01},$
6. $f\_{y}(1,0)=p\_{y}(1,0)=a\_{01}+a\_{11}+a\_{21}+a\_{31},$
7. $f\_{y}(0,1)=p\_{y}(0,1)=a\_{01}+2a\_{02}+3a\_{03},$
8. $f\_{y}(1,1)=p\_{y}(1,1)=\textstyle \sum \limits \_{i=0}^{3}\sum \limits \_{j=1}^{3}a\_{ij}j.$

And four equations for the $xy$ mixed partial derivative:

1. $f\_{xy}(0,0)=p\_{xy}(0,0)=a\_{11},$
2. $f\_{xy}(1,0)=p\_{xy}(1,0)=a\_{11}+2a\_{21}+3a\_{31},$
3. $f\_{xy}(0,1)=p\_{xy}(0,1)=a\_{11}+2a\_{12}+3a\_{13},$
4. $f\_{xy}(1,1)=p\_{xy}(1,1)=\textstyle \sum \limits \_{i=1}^{3}\sum \limits \_{j=1}^{3}a\_{ij}ij.$

The expressions above have used the following identities: $p\_{x}(x,y)=\textstyle \sum \limits \_{i=1}^{3}\sum \limits \_{j=0}^{3}a\_{ij}ix^{i-1}y^{j},$ $p\_{y}(x,y)=\textstyle \sum \limits \_{i=0}^{3}\sum \limits \_{j=1}^{3}a\_{ij}x^{i}jy^{j-1},$ $p\_{xy}(x,y)=\textstyle \sum \limits \_{i=1}^{3}\sum \limits \_{j=1}^{3}a\_{ij}ix^{i-1}jy^{j-1}.$

This procedure yields a surface $p(x,y)$ on the unit square $\[0,1\]\times \[0,1\]$ that is continuous and has continuous derivatives. Bicubic interpolation on an arbitrarily sized regular grid can then be accomplished by patching together such bicubic surfaces, ensuring that the derivatives match on the boundaries.

Grouping the unknown parameters $a\_{ij}$ in a vector $\alpha =\left\[{\begin{smallmatrix}a\_{00}&a\_{10}&a\_{20}&a\_{30}&a\_{01}&a\_{11}&a\_{21}&a\_{31}&a\_{02}&a\_{12}&a\_{22}&a\_{32}&a\_{03}&a\_{13}&a\_{23}&a\_{33}\end{smallmatrix}\right\]^{T}}$ and letting $x=\left\[{\begin{smallmatrix}f(0,0)&f(1,0)&f(0,1)&f(1,1)&f\_{x}(0,0)&f\_{x}(1,0)&f\_{x}(0,1)&f\_{x}(1,1)&f\_{y}(0,0)&f\_{y}(1,0)&f\_{y}(0,1)&f\_{y}(1,1)&f\_{xy}(0,0)&f\_{xy}(1,0)&f\_{xy}(0,1)&f\_{xy}(1,1)\end{smallmatrix}\right\]^{T},}$ the above system of equations can be reformulated into a matrix for the linear equation $A\alpha =x$.

Inverting the matrix gives the more useful linear equation $A^{-1}x=\alpha $, where $A^{-1}=\left\[{\begin{smallmatrix}{\begin{array}{rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr}1&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0\\0&0&0&0&1&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0\\\-3&3&0&0&-2&-1&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0\\2&-2&0&0&1&1&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0\\0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&1&0&0&0&0&0&0&0\\0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&1&0&0&0\\0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&-3&3&0&0&-2&-1&0&0\\0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&2&-2&0&0&1&1&0&0\\\-3&0&3&0&0&0&0&0&-2&0&-1&0&0&0&0&0\\0&0&0&0&-3&0&3&0&0&0&0&0&-2&0&-1&0\\9&-9&-9&9&6&3&-6&-3&6&-6&3&-3&4&2&2&1\\\-6&6&6&-6&-3&-3&3&3&-4&4&-2&2&-2&-2&-1&-1\\2&0&-2&0&0&0&0&0&1&0&1&0&0&0&0&0\\0&0&0&0&2&0&-2&0&0&0&0&0&1&0&1&0\\\-6&6&6&-6&-4&-2&4&2&-3&3&-3&3&-2&-1&-2&-1\\4&-4&-4&4&2&2&-2&-2&2&-2&2&-2&1&1&1&1\end{array}\end{smallmatrix}\right\],}}$ which allows $\alpha $ to be calculated quickly and easily.

There can be another concise matrix form for 16 coefficients: $\begin{bmatrix}f(0,0)&f(0,1)&f\_{y}(0,0)&f\_{y}(0,1)\\f(1,0)&f(1,1)&f\_{y}(1,0)&f\_{y}(1,1)\\f\_{x}(0,0)&f\_{x}(0,1)&f\_{xy}(0,0)&f\_{xy}(0,1)\\f\_{x}(1,0)&f\_{x}(1,1)&f\_{xy}(1,0)&f\_{xy}(1,1)\end{bmatrix}={\begin{bmatrix}1&0&0&0\\1&1&1&1\\0&1&0&0\\0&1&2&3\end{bmatrix}{\begin{bmatrix}a\_{00}&a\_{01}&a\_{02}&a\_{03}\\a\_{10}&a\_{11}&a\_{12}&a\_{13}\\a\_{20}&a\_{21}&a\_{22}&a\_{23}\\a\_{30}&a\_{31}&a\_{32}&a\_{33}\end{bmatrix}{\begin{bmatrix}1&1&0&0\\0&1&1&1\\0&1&0&2\\0&1&0&3\end{bmatrix},}}}$ or $\begin{bmatrix}a\_{00}&a\_{01}&a\_{02}&a\_{03}\\a\_{10}&a\_{11}&a\_{12}&a\_{13}\\a\_{20}&a\_{21}&a\_{22}&a\_{23}\\a\_{30}&a\_{31}&a\_{32}&a\_{33}\end{bmatrix}={\begin{bmatrix}1&0&0&0\\0&0&1&0\\\-3&3&-2&-1\\2&-2&1&1\end{bmatrix}{\begin{bmatrix}f(0,0)&f(0,1)&f\_{y}(0,0)&f\_{y}(0,1)\\f(1,0)&f(1,1)&f\_{y}(1,0)&f\_{y}(1,1)\\f\_{x}(0,0)&f\_{x}(0,1)&f\_{xy}(0,0)&f\_{xy}(0,1)\\f\_{x}(1,0)&f\_{x}(1,1)&f\_{xy}(1,0)&f\_{xy}(1,1)\end{bmatrix}{\begin{bmatrix}1&0&-3&2\\0&0&3&-2\\0&1&-2&1\\0&0&-1&1\end{bmatrix},}}}$ where $p(x,y)={\begin{bmatrix}1&x&x^{2}&x^{3}\end{bmatrix}{\begin{bmatrix}a\_{00}&a\_{01}&a\_{02}&a\_{03}\\a\_{10}&a\_{11}&a\_{12}&a\_{13}\\a\_{20}&a\_{21}&a\_{22}&a\_{23}\\a\_{30}&a\_{31}&a\_{32}&a\_{33}\end{bmatrix}{\begin{bmatrix}1\\y\\y^{2}\\y^{3}\end{bmatrix}.}}}$

## Extension to rectilinear grids

Often, applications call for bicubic interpolation using data on a rectilinear grid, rather than the unit square. In this case, the identities for $p\_{x},p\_{y},$ and $p\_{xy}$ become $p\_{x}(x,y)=\textstyle \sum \limits \_{i=1}^{3}\sum \limits \_{j=0}^{3}{\frac {a\_{ij}ix^{i-1}y^{j}{\Delta x},}}$ $p\_{y}(x,y)=\textstyle \sum \limits \_{i=0}^{3}\sum \limits \_{j=1}^{3}{\frac {a\_{ij}x^{i}jy^{j-1}{\Delta y},}}$ $p\_{xy}(x,y)=\textstyle \sum \limits \_{i=1}^{3}\sum \limits \_{j=1}^{3}{\frac {a\_{ij}ix^{i-1}jy^{j-1}{\Delta x\Delta y},}}$ where $\Delta x$ is the $x$ spacing of the cell containing the point $(x,y)$ and similar for $\Delta y$. In this case, the most practical approach to computing the coefficients $\alpha $ is to let $x=\left\[{\begin{smallmatrix}f(0,0)&f(1,0)&f(0,1)&f(1,1)&\Delta xf\_{x}(0,0)&\Delta xf\_{x}(1,0)&\Delta xf\_{x}(0,1)&\Delta xf\_{x}(1,1)&\Delta yf\_{y}(0,0)&\Delta yf\_{y}(1,0)&\Delta yf\_{y}(0,1)&\Delta yf\_{y}(1,1)&\Delta x\Delta yf\_{xy}(0,0)&\Delta x\Delta yf\_{xy}(1,0)&\Delta x\Delta yf\_{xy}(0,1)&\Delta x\Delta yf\_{xy}(1,1)\end{smallmatrix}\right\]^{T},}$ then to solve $\alpha =A^{-1}x$ with $A$ as before. Next, the normalized interpolating variables are computed as $\begin{aligned}{\overline {x}&={\frac {x-x\_{0}{x\_{1}-x\_{0},\\\{\overline {y}&={\frac {y-y\_{0}{y\_{1}-y\_{0}\end{aligned}}}}}}}}}$ where $x\_{0},x\_{1},y\_{0},$ and $y\_{1}$ are the $x$ and $y$ coordinates of the grid points surrounding the point $(x,y)$. Then, the interpolating surface becomes $p(x,y)=\sum \limits \_{i=0}^{3}\sum \_{j=0}^{3}a\_{ij}{\overline {x}^{i}{\overline {y}^{j}.}}$

## Finding derivatives from function values

If the derivatives are unknown, they are typically approximated from the function values at points neighbouring the corners of the unit square, e.g. using finite differences.

To find either of the single derivatives, $f\_{x}$ or $f\_{y}$, using that method, find the slope between the two *surrounding* points in the appropriate axis. For example, to calculate $f\_{x}$ for one of the points, find $f(x,y)$ for the points to the left and right of the target point and calculate their slope, and similarly for $f\_{y}$.

To find the cross derivative $f\_{xy}$, take the derivative in both axes, one at a time. For example, one can first use the $f\_{x}$ procedure to find the $x$ derivatives of the points above and below the target point, then use the $f\_{y}$ procedure on those values (rather than, as usual, the values of $f$ for those points) to obtain the value of $f\_{xy}(x,y)$ for the target point. (Or one can do it in the opposite direction, first calculating $f\_{y}$ and then $f\_{x}$ from those. The two give equivalent results.)

At the edges of the dataset, when one is missing some of the surrounding points, the missing points can be approximated by a number of methods. A simple and common method is to assume that the slope from the existing point to the target point continues without further change, and using this to calculate a hypothetical value for the missing point.

## Bicubic convolution algorithm

Bicubic spline interpolation requires the solution of the linear system described above for each grid cell. An interpolator with similar properties can be obtained by applying a convolution with the following kernel in both dimensions: $W(x)={\begin{cases}(a+2)|x|^{3}-(a+3)|x|^{2}+1&{\text{for }|x|\leq 1,\\a|x|^{3}-5a|x|^{2}+8a|x|-4a&{\text{for }1\<|x|\<2,\\0&{\text{otherwise},\end{cases}}}}}$ where $a$ is usually set to −0.5 or −0.75. Note that $W(0)=1$ and $W(n)=0$ for all nonzero integers $n$.

This approach was proposed by Keys, who showed that $a=-0.5$ produces third-order convergence with respect to the sampling interval of the original function.

If we use the matrix notation for the common case $a=-0.5$, we can express the equation in a more friendly manner: $p(t)={\tfrac {1}{2}{\begin{bmatrix}1&t&t^{2}&t^{3}\end{bmatrix}{\begin{bmatrix}0&2&0&0\\\-1&0&1&0\\2&-5&4&-1\\\-1&3&-3&1\end{bmatrix}{\begin{bmatrix}f\_{-1}\\f\_{0}\\f\_{1}\\f\_{2}\end{bmatrix}}}}}$ for $t$ between 0 and 1 for one dimension. Note that for 1-dimensional cubic convolution interpolation 4 sample points are required. For each inquiry two samples are located on its left and two samples on the right. These points are indexed from −1 to 2 in this text. The distance from the point indexed with 0 to the inquiry point is denoted by $t$ here.

For two dimensions first applied once in $x$ and again in $y$: $\begin{aligned}b\_{-1}&=p(t\_{x},f\_{(-1,-1)},f\_{(0,-1)},f\_{(1,-1)},f\_{(2,-1)}),\\\\[1ex\]b\_{0}&=p(t\_{x},f\_{(-1,0)},f\_{(0,0)},f\_{(1,0)},f\_{(2,0)}),\\\\[1ex\]b\_{1}&=p(t\_{x},f\_{(-1,1)},f\_{(0,1)},f\_{(1,1)},f\_{(2,1)}),\\\\[1ex\]b\_{2}&=p(t\_{x},f\_{(-1,2)},f\_{(0,2)},f\_{(1,2)},f\_{(2,2)}),\end{aligned}$ $p(x,y)=p(t\_{y},b\_{-1},b\_{0},b\_{1},b\_{2}).$

## Use in computer graphics

The bicubic algorithm is frequently used for scaling images and video for display (see bitmap resampling). It preserves fine detail better than the common bilinear algorithm.

However, due to the negative lobes on the kernel, it causes overshoot (haloing). This can cause clipping, and is an artifact (see also ringing artifacts), but it increases acutance (apparent sharpness), and can be desirable.


title: Robert Graves Company

abstract: The Robert Graves Company was an American wallpaper manufacturer based in New York City. The company was active between 1843 and 1929. The company, founded by the Irish immigrant Robert Graves, first operated from a five-story showroom and factory building on East 35th Street, in the Madison Square area. The company's success necessitated larger premises; in the 1860s Graves moved the company to Brooklyn, near Fulton Street and Carlton Avenue. In the 1870s, the Brooklyn architect William B. Ditmars was commissioned to expand the Carlton street building, adding a new five-story building behind it. The New York Times reported that the Brooklyn factory was scheduled to be sold at auction April 8, 1930. Wallpapers produced by the company are in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Brooklyn Museum,

text:
# Robert Graves Company

The **Robert Graves Company** was an American wallpaper manufacturer based in New York City. The company was active between 1843 and 1929.

The company, founded by the Irish immigrant Robert Graves, first operated from a five-story showroom and factory building on East 35th Street, in the Madison Square area. The company's success necessitated larger premises; in the 1860s Graves moved the company to Brooklyn, near Fulton Street and Carlton Avenue. In the 1870s, the Brooklyn architect William B. Ditmars was commissioned to expand the Carlton street building, adding a new five-story building behind it.

The New York Times reported that the Brooklyn factory was scheduled to be sold at auction April 8, 1930.

Wallpapers produced by the company are in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Brooklyn Museum,


title: Robert M. Carrier House

abstract: The Robert M. Carrier House, also known as the Matthews House, is a historic house in Memphis, Tennessee, United States. It was built in 1926 for Robert M. Carrier and his wife. In 1974, it was purchased by William S. Matthews, Jr. It was designed in the Jacobean Revival architectural style by Bryant Fleming, a Professor of Architecture at Cornell University. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 27, 1980.

text:
# Robert M. Carrier House

The **Robert M. Carrier House**, also known as the **Matthews House**, is a historic house in Memphis, Tennessee, United States. It was built in 1926 for Robert M. Carrier and his wife. In 1974, it was purchased by William S. Matthews, Jr. It was designed in the Jacobean Revival architectural style by Bryant Fleming, a Professor of Architecture at Cornell University. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 27, 1980.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Robert M. Carrier House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| The Robert M. Carrier House in 2017 | |
|  | |
| Location | 642 South Willett Street, Memphis, Tennessee |
| Coordinates | 35°7′43″N 90°0′35″W / 35.12861°N 90.00972°W / 35.12861; -90.00972 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1926 (1926) |
| Architect | Bryant Fleming |
| Architectural style | Tudor Revival<br>Jacobethan Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 80003860 |
| Added to NRHP | May 27, 1980 |