title: Robinwood

abstract: Robinwood, also known as the George H. Miller House, is a historic residence in Elmhurst, Illinois.

text:
# Robinwood

**Robinwood**, also known as the **George H. Miller House**, is a historic residence in Elmhurst, Illinois.

## History

George H. Miller worked as a high school teacher in Marshall, Michigan, but decided to take a new job working in Chicago at Sears, Roebuck and Co. Shortly thereafter, Miller decided to form his own business, the Miller Fibre Box Company. The business was profitable, and he sold it to retire at the age of fifty. In his later years, Miller and his wife Bernice were active in Elmhurst city affairs.

Robinwood was built in 1908 by Joy Wheeler Dow, an architect who wanted to contrast the styles of Frank Lloyd Wright and Walter Burley Griffin while still maintaining appeal to the growing middle class. He had no formal training, and primarily built single-family homes in New Jersey. Robinwood was particularly heavily influenced by one of Dow's buildings, Princessgate, in Wyoming, New Jersey. English-based designs were popular in the northwestern suburbs of Chicago—Tudor Revival style residences were particularly popular in Elmhurst. It is thought that Robinwood was somewhat influenced by the style, but more-so by the Arts and Crafts Movement burgeoning in England. Bernice Miller lived in the house until her death in 1936, when it was passed on to her sister, Jessie Porter. Mr. and Mrs. Almerico purchased the home in 1968. Robinwood was sold to Dr. And Mrs. Miller in September 2013.

## Architecture

Robinwood is on a 100-by-190-foot (30 m × 58 m) lot on the west side of Arlington Street north of Church Street. The house neighbored that of architect Walter Burley Griffin, though this house was demolished in the 1970s. The floor plan is simple, with four main rooms on each of its two main floors. The building is 44 by 28 feet (13.4 m × 8.5 m) with a single gable running horizontally with deep eaves. A shingled gable extends over the main doorway. Robinwood has three bays, each with a dormer on the second floor. The house has a stone chimney on the south wall of the house while a brick chimney protrudes from the ridge of the roof, aligned with the northernmost dormer. The building's exterior walls are constructed from Indiana limestone.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Robinwood | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 208 Arlington<br>Elmhurst, DuPage County, Illinois, U.S. |
| Coordinates | 41°53′49″N 87°56′14″W / 41.89694°N 87.93722°W / 41.89694; -87.93722 |
| Built | 1908 |
| Architect | Joy Wheeler Dow |
| Architectural style | Late 19th And 20th Century Revivals (English Cottage) |
| NRHP reference No. | 03001463 |
| Added to NRHP | January 21, 2004 |


abstract: The 1946 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team was an American football team that represented the University of Delaware as a member of the Mason–Dixon Conference during the 1946 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach William D. Murray, the Blue Hens compiled a perfect 10–0 record, won the Maxon-Dixon Conference championship, defeated Rollins in the Cigar Bowl, and were selected by the Associated Press as the small college national champion. They were also ranked at No. 82 among all college football teams in the final Litkenhous Difference by Score System rankings for 1946. Delaware ranked fifth nationally among small-college teams in total offense with an average of 335.1 yards per game. It ranked 14th nationally in total defense, giving up an average of 163.4 yards per game. The team played the majority of its home games at Wilmington Park. The October 26 game against Drexel was the final game played at Frazer Field, and the last game played in Newark until the opening of Delaware Stadium in 1952.

text:
# 1946 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team

1946 Mason–Dixon Conference football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |
| No. 19 Delaware $ | 3 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 10 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
| Johns Hopkins | 2 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 3 |  | 0 |
| Western Maryland | 4 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 2 |  | 0 |
| Hampden–Sydney | 2 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 2 |  | 2 |  | 0 |
| Randolph–Macon | 2 |  | 4 |  | 0 |  |  | 2 |  | 4 |  | 0 |
| Washington College | 1 |  | 5 |  | 0 |  |  | 1 |  | 5 |  | 0 |
| Mount St. Mary's | 0 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  | 2 |  | 0 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * $  Conference champion Rankings from AP Poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1946 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team** was an American football team that represented the University of Delaware as a member of the Mason–Dixon Conference during the 1946 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach William D. Murray, the Blue Hens compiled a perfect 10–0 record, won the Maxon-Dixon Conference championship, defeated Rollins in the Cigar Bowl, and were selected by the Associated Press as the small college national champion. They were also ranked at No. 82 among all college football teams in the final Litkenhous Difference by Score System rankings for 1946.

Delaware ranked fifth nationally among small-college teams in total offense with an average of 335.1 yards per game. It ranked 14th nationally in total defense, giving up an average of 163.4 yards per game.

The team played the majority of its home games at Wilmington Park. The October 26 game against Drexel was the final game played at Frazer Field, and the last game played in Newark until the opening of Delaware Stadium in 1952.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 28 | Pennsylvania Military* |  |  | W 25–0 | 10,000 |  |
| October 5 | Randolph–Macon |  | * Wilmington Park * Wilmington, DE | W 53–0 | 7,000 |  |
| October 11 | Western Maryland |  | * Wilmington Park * Wilmington, DE | W 44–6 | 7,500 |  |
| October 19 | at Gettysburg* |  |  | W 27–6 | 3,500 |  |
| October 26 | Drexel* |  |  | W 52–0 | 8,000 |  |
| November 2 | at Franklin & Marshall* |  |  | W 28–0 | 6,000 |  |
| November 9 | at Bucknell* |  |  | W 27–14 | 4,000 |  |
| November 16 | Washington College |  | * Wilmington Park * Wilmington, DE | W 61–0 | 5,000 |  |
| November 23 | Muhlenberg* | No. 16 | * Wilmington Park * Wilmington, DE | W 20–12 | 15,000 |  |
| January 1, 1947 | vs. Rollins* | No. 19 |  | W 21-7 | 10,000 |  |
| * \*Non-conference game * Homecoming * Rankings from AP Poll released prior to the game | | | | | | |

## Rankings

Ranking movements
**Legend:** ██ Increase in ranking ██ Decrease in ranking
— = Not ranked ( ) = First-place votes
|  | Week | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Poll | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Final |
| AP |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16 | 15 (2) | 19 |

## After the season

The 1947 NFL Draft was held on December 16, 1946. The following Fightin' Blue Hens were selected.

| Round | Pick | Player | Position | NFL Club |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 21 | 187 | Paul Hart | Back | Boston Yanks |
| 30 | 278 | Tony Stalloni | Tackle | Pittsburgh Steelers |

## InfoBox

| 1946 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football | |
| --- | --- |
| AP small college national champion
Mason–Dixon champion | |
| Cigar Bowl, W 21–7 vs. Rollins | |
| Conference | Mason–Dixon Conference |
| Ranking | |
| AP | No. 19 |
| Record | 10–0 (3–0 Mason–Dixon) |
| Head coach |  |
| Home stadium | Wilmington Park (7,000)
Frazer Field |
|


title: Shri Shankaracharya Engineering College

abstract: The Shri Shankaracharya Engineering College (SSEC) is a private engineering college in Chhattisgarh, India. The college offers education in Bachelor of Engineering and MBA.

text:
# Shri Shankaracharya Engineering College

The **Shri Shankaracharya Engineering College** (SSEC) is a private engineering college in Chhattisgarh, India. The college offers education in Bachelor of Engineering and MBA.

## History

The college, established in 2007, is the second engineering college added to the chain of college/schools managed by SGES, following Shri Shankaracharya College of Engineering and Technology.

## InfoBox

Shri Shankaracharya Engineering College
Bhilai
| Type | Private |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 2007 |
| President | Mr. I.P. Mishra |
| Principal | Mrs. Smita selat |
| Director | Dr P.B. Deshmukh |
| Location | Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India |
| Campus | SSTC |
| Acronym | SSEC |
| Affiliations | Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University(CSVTU) |
| Website | www.ssecb.ac.in |


title: Charlie Freeman

abstract: Charles Redfearn Freeman was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Chelsea, Gillingham and Burton United as an inside forward. After his retirement, he served Chelsea as trainer and groundsman. Freeman was also a cricketer and played one first-class cricket match for Derbyshire in July 1911.

text:
# Charlie Freeman

| Cricket information | |
| --- | --- |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1911 | Derbyshire |
|  | |
| Only FC | 1 July 1911 Derbyshire v Northamptonshire |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class  Matches 1  Runs scored 7  Batting average 3.50  100s/50s 0/0  Top score 4  Catches/stumpings 1/– | |
|  | |
| Source: CricInfo | |

**Charles Redfearn Freeman** (22 August 1887 – 17 March 1956) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Chelsea, Gillingham and Burton United as an inside forward. After his retirement, he served Chelsea as trainer and groundsman. Freeman was also a cricketer and played one first-class cricket match for Derbyshire in July 1911.

## Personal life

Freeman served as a corporal in the Royal Air Force during the First World War and worked at the Royal Aircraft Factory.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | FA Cup | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Burton United | 1906–07 | Second Division | 31 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 34 | 3 |
| Chelsea | 1908–09 | First Division | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| | 1909–10 | | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 2 |
| | 1910–11 | Second Division | 18 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 23 | 3 |
| | | 1911–12 | 15 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 7 |
| | 1912–13 | First Division | 11 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 3 |
| | | 1913–14 | 21 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 22 | 5 |
| | | 1914–15 | 15 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 16 | 2 |
| | | 1919–20 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| | Total | | 96 | 21 | 8 | 1 | 104 | 22 |
| Gillingham | 1921–22 | Third Division South | 40 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 44 | 14 |
| | 1922–23 | | 42 | 10 | 2 |  | 44 | 10 |
| | Total | | 82 | 21 | 6 | 3 | 88 | 24 |
| Career total | | | 208 | 45 | 19 | 4 | 227 | 49 |

## Honours

**Chelsea**

## InfoBox

Charlie Freeman
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Charles Redfearn Freeman | | |
| Date of birth | 22 August 1887 | | |
| Place of birth | Overseal, Derbyshire, England | | |
| Date of death | 17 March 1956(1956-03-17) (aged 68) | | |
| Place of death | Fulham, London, England | | |
| Position(s) | Inside forward | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 0000–1906 | Overseal Swifts |  |  |
| 1906–1907 | Burton United | 31 | (3) |
| 1907 | Overseal Swifts |  |  |
| 1907–1908 | Fulham | 0 | (0) |
| 1908–1921 | Chelsea | 95 | (21) |
| 1921–1923 | Gillingham | 82 | (21) |
|  | Maidstone United |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Slurry pipeline

abstract: A slurry pipeline is a specially engineered pipeline used to move ores, such as coal or iron, or mining waste, called tailings, over long distances. A mixture of the ore concentrate and water, called slurry, is pumped to its destination and the water is filtered out. Due to the abrasive properties of slurry, the pipelines can be lined with high-density polyethylene (HDPE), or manufactured completely from HDPE Pipe, although this requires a very thick pipe wall. Slurry pipelines are used as an alternative to railroad transportation when mines are located in remote, inaccessible areas. Canadian researchers at the University of Alberta are investigating the use of slurry pipelines to move agricultural and forestry wastes from dispersed sources to centralized biofuel plants. Over distances of 100 kilometres pipeline transport of biomass can be viable provided it is used in processes that can accept very wet feedstocks such as hydrothermal liquefaction or ethanol fermentation. Compared to an equivalently sized oil pipeline, a biomass slurry pipeline would carry around 8% of the energy.

text:
# Slurry pipeline

A **slurry pipeline** is a specially engineered pipeline used to move ores, such as coal or iron, or mining waste, called tailings, over long distances. A mixture of the ore concentrate and water, called slurry, is pumped to its destination and the water is filtered out. Due to the abrasive properties of slurry, the pipelines can be lined with high-density polyethylene (HDPE), or manufactured completely from HDPE Pipe, although this requires a very thick pipe wall. Slurry pipelines are used as an alternative to railroad transportation when mines are located in remote, inaccessible areas.

Canadian researchers at the University of Alberta are investigating the use of slurry pipelines to move agricultural and forestry wastes from dispersed sources to centralized biofuel plants. Over distances of 100 kilometres pipeline transport of biomass can be viable provided it is used in processes that can accept very wet feedstocks such as hydrothermal liquefaction or ethanol fermentation. Compared to an equivalently sized oil pipeline, a biomass slurry pipeline would carry around 8% of the energy.

## Process

The concentrate of the ore is mixed with water and then pumped over a long distance to a port where it can be shipped for further processing. At the end of the pipeline, the material is separated from the \[slurry\] in a filter press to remove the water. This water is usually subjected to a waste treatment process before disposal or return to the mine. Slurry pipelines offer an economic advantage over railroad transport and much less noise disturbance to the environment, particularly when mines are in extremely remote areas.

Pipelines must be suitably engineered to resist abrasion from the solids as well as corrosion from the soil. Some of these pipelines are lined with high-density polyethylene (HDPE).

Typical materials that are transferred using slurry pipelines include coal, copper, iron, and phosphate concentrates, limestone, lead, zinc, nickel, bauxite and oil sands.

Slurry pipelines are also used to transport tailings from a mineral processing plant after the ore has been processed in order to dispose of the remaining rocks or clays.

For oil sand plants, a mixture of oil sand and water may be pumped over a long distance to release the bitumen by ablation. These pipelines are also called hydrotransport pipelines.

## History

Early modern slurry pipelines include The Ohio 'Consolidation' coal slurry pipeline (1957) and the Kensworth to Rugby limestone slurry pipeline (1965)

The 85 km Savage River Slurry pipeline in Tasmania, Australia, was possibly the world's first slurry pipeline to transport iron ore when it was built in 1967. It includes a 366m bridge span at 167m above the Savage River. It carries iron ore slurry from the Savage River open cut mine owned by Australian Bulk Minerals and was still operational as of 2011.

## Planned projects

One of the longest slurry pipelines was to be the proposed ETSI pipeline, to transport coal from Wyoming to Louisiana over a distance of 1036 miles (1675 km). It was never commissioned. It is anticipated that in the next few years some long distance slurry pipelines will be constructed in Australia and South America where mineral deposits are often a few hundred kilometers away from shipping ports.

A 525 km slurry pipeline is planned for the Minas-Rio iron ore mine in Brazil.

Slurry pipelines are also being considered to desilt or remove silts from deposits behind dams in man-made lakes. After the Hurricane Katrina disaster there were proposals to remedy the environment by pumping silt to the shore. Proposals have also been made to de-silt Lake Nubia-Nasser in Egypt and Sudan by slurry pipelines, as Egypt is now deprived of 95% of its alluvium, which used to arrive every year. These projects to remedy the environment might alleviate one of the major problems associated with large dams and man-made lakes.

ESSAR Steel India Limited owns two \>250 km slurry pipelines in India; the Kirandul-Vishakhapatnam (slurry pipeline) and Dabuna-Paradeep pipeline.


title: Duncan Leitch (neurobiologist)

abstract: Duncan Bernardo Leitch is a neurobiologist working at the University of California San Francisco. He was born in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1984. Leitch attended Vanderbilt University, where he gained recognition for his work on the integumentary sensory organs in crocodilians. He has published many articles on star-nosed moles, naked mole-rats, and other insectivores. In 2012, Kenneth C. Catania and Leitch published a study on the somatosensory sensation of crocodilians, including American alligators and Nile crocodiles in the Journal of Experimental Biology. This garnered public attention in the journals Nature, Science, National Geographic, and international news media. In this work, he and Catania describe the physiological response properties of neurons in the trigeminal ganglion, showing that the sense of touch in crocodilians surpasses those of human fingertips, despite being a thickly-scaled surface. More recently, Leitch has led breakthrough studies in the field of electroreception, whereby he and his team characterized the molecular basis for electrosensation by sharks and skates

text:
# Duncan Leitch (neurobiologist)

**Duncan Bernardo Leitch** is a neurobiologist working at the University of California San Francisco. He was born in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1984. Leitch attended Vanderbilt University, where he gained recognition for his work on the integumentary sensory organs in crocodilians.

He has published many articles on star-nosed moles, naked mole-rats, and other insectivores.

In 2012, Kenneth C. Catania and Leitch published a study on the somatosensory sensation of crocodilians, including American alligators and Nile crocodiles in the Journal of Experimental Biology. This garnered public attention in the journals *Nature*, *Science*, *National Geographic*, and international news media. In this work, he and Catania describe the physiological response properties of neurons in the trigeminal ganglion, showing that the sense of touch in crocodilians surpasses those of human fingertips, despite being a thickly-scaled surface.

More recently, Leitch has led breakthrough studies in the field of electroreception, whereby he and his team characterized the molecular basis for electrosensation by sharks and skates

* Leitch, Duncan B. and K. Catania (2012-10-13). "Structure, innervation and response properties of integumentary sensory organs in crocodilians". *J. Exp. Biol*. **215** (Pt 23): 4217–30. doi:10.1242/jeb.076836. PMC 4074209. PMID 23136155.
* Shannon Fischer (8 November 2012). "Croc Jaws More Sensitive Than Human Fingertips". National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 17 November 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2013.


title: Jonathan Hall (British Army officer)

abstract: Major-General Jonathan Michael Francis Cooper Hall is a retired British Army officer, who served as the General Officer Commanding Scotland and the Governor of Edinburgh Castle from 1995 to 1997.

text:
# Jonathan Hall (British Army officer)

Major-General **Jonathan Michael Francis Cooper Hall** CB OBE OStJ DL (born 10 August 1944) is a retired British Army officer, who served as the General Officer Commanding Scotland and the Governor of Edinburgh Castle from 1995 to 1997.

## Career

Educated at Taunton School and the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, Hall was commissioned into the 3rd Carabiniers in 1965. He was appointed commanding officer of the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards in 1984. He went on to command the 12th Armoured Brigade in 1989 and was appointed Deputy Military Secretary in 1992. He was appointed General Officer Commanding Scotland and Governor of Edinburgh Castle in 1995 and retired in 1997.

On leaving the Army in 1997, he was selected for the post of Lieutenant Governor (CEO equivalent), Accounting Officer and ex-officio Commissioner of the Royal Hospital Chelsea. He was also given the colonelcy in 1998 of the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards, a position he held until 2003.

In 1999, he was appointed a member of Her Majesty's Body Guard of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms and was involved in the Queen's Diamond Jubilee celebrations as well as the Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton. He was promoted to Standard Bearer in August 2012.

He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1987, a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in 1998, and Knight Commander of the Order of Francis I in 2014.

## Family

In 1968 he married Sarah Linda Hudson: they have two daughters.

## InfoBox

| Jonathan Hall | |
| --- | --- |
| Photograph of Major General Jonathan Hall dressed as Colonel of The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards (Carabiniers and Greys) | |
| Born | (1944-08-10) 10 August 1944 |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service/branch | British Army |
| Years of service | 1965–1997 |
| Rank | Major-General |
| Service number | 480320 |
| Unit | 3rd Carabiniers |
| Commands | Royal Scots Dragoon Guards
12th Armoured Brigade
General Officer Commanding Scotland |
| Awards | Companion of the Order of the Bath
Officer of the Order of the British Empire |


title: Cigaritis collinsi

abstract: Cigaritis collinsi is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Tanzania.

text:
# Cigaritis collinsi

***Cigaritis collinsi*** is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Tanzania (from the north-eastern part of the country to the Usambara Mountains).

## InfoBox

| *Cigaritis collinsi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lycaenidae |
| Genus: | *Cigaritis* |
| Species: | ***C. collinsi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cigaritis collinsi***<br>(Kielland, 1980) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Spindasis collinsi* Kielland, 1980 | |


title: Catherine Tasca

abstract: Catherine Tasca is a French politician of the Socialist Party (PS) who served as a member of the Senate of France, representing the Yvelines department from 2004 to 2017, including as the Senate's vice-president. From 2000 to 2002 she was Minister of Culture in France.

text:
# Catherine Tasca

**Catherine Tasca** (French pronunciation: \[katʁin taska\]; born 13 December 1941 in Lyon) is a French politician of the Socialist Party (PS) who served as a member of the Senate of France, representing the Yvelines department from 2004 to 2017, including as the Senate's vice-president. From 2000 to 2002 she was Minister of Culture in France.

## Early life and education

Tasca is the daughter of Angelo Tasca, a former founding member of the Communist Party of Italy from Piedmont. After expulsion from the Communist Party, Angelo went into exile in France. There he joined the French Section of the Workers' International in 1934 and later supported the Vichy regime in the 1940s.

## Political career

During her time as Minister of Culture, Tasca caused a diplomatic incident when she announced that she would boycott the opening of the Paris Book Fair in 2002, which celebrated Italy, if it were attended by Italy's right-wing prime minister, Silvio Berlusconi.

Ahead of the Socialist Party's 2011 primaries, Tasca endorsed Martine Aubry as the party's candidate for the 2012 presidential election.

## InfoBox

| Catherine Tasca | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| French Minister of Culture | |
| **In office**
2000–2002 | |
| President | Jacques Chirac |
| Prime Minister | Lionel Jospin |
| Preceded by | Catherine Trautmann |
| Succeeded by | Jean-Jacques Aillagon |
| Senator for Yvelines | |
| **In office**
26 September 2004  1 October 2017 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1941-12-13) 13 December 1941
Lyon, France |
| Political party | Socialist Party |
| Alma mater | Sciences Po, ÉNA |
|  | |


title: Billy DeAngelis

abstract: William R. DeAngelis is a retired American professional basketball player who spent one season in the American Basketball Association (ABA) with the New York Nets during the 1970–71 season. He attended Saint Joseph's University. DeAngelis grew up in Cherry Hill, New Jersey and graduated in 1964 from what is now Cherry Hill High School West; he was later inducted into the school's athletic hall of fame. DeAngelis also played baseball at Saint Joseph's, and was inducted into the school's baseball hall of fame in 2004, recognizing his accomplishments as a middle infielder who had a career batting average of.303 and set season and career records for triples.

text:
# Billy DeAngelis

**William R. DeAngelis** (born October 5, 1946) is a retired American professional basketball player who spent one season in the American Basketball Association (ABA) with the New York Nets during the 1970–71 season. He attended Saint Joseph's University.

DeAngelis grew up in Cherry Hill, New Jersey and graduated in 1964 from what is now Cherry Hill High School West; he was later inducted into the school's athletic hall of fame.

DeAngelis also played baseball at Saint Joseph's, and was inducted into the school's baseball hall of fame in 2004, recognizing his accomplishments as a middle infielder who had a career batting average of .303 and set season and career records for triples.

## InfoBox

Billy DeAngelis
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1946-10-05) October 5, 1946 |
| Nationality | American |
| Listed height | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) |
| Listed weight | 180 lb (82 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school | Cherry Hill<br>(Cherry Hill, New Jersey) |
| College | Saint Joseph's (1965–1968) |
| NBA draft | 1968: undrafted |
| Position | Point guard |
| Number | 3 |
| Career history | |
| 1970 | New York Nets |
|  | |
| Stats at Basketball-Reference.com | |


title: Dimosthenis Stamboulis

abstract: Dimosthenis Stamboulis was a Greek water polo player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Dimosthenis Stamboulis

**Dimosthenis Stamboulis** (20 October 1924  16 July 2009) was a Greek water polo player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Dimosthenis Stamboulis
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Greek |
| Born | 20 October 1924 |
| Died | 16 July 2009(2009-07-16) (aged 84) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Water polo |


title: Legend of Billy the Kid

abstract: The legend of Billy the Kid has acquired iconic status in American folklore. More has been written about Billy the Kid than any other gunslinger in the history of the American Old West, while hundreds of books, motion pictures, radio and television programs and even a ballet have been inspired by his legend. Despite his enduring reputation, the outlaw himself, also known as William Bonney, had minimal impact on historical events in New Mexico Territory of the late 19th century. When he was still alive, "Billy the Kid" had already become a nationally known figure whose exploits, real and imaginary, were reported in the National Police Gazette and the large newspapers of the eastern United States. After his death on July 14, 1881, all of New York City's papers ran his obituary, and within days, newspapers around the United States were printing exaggerated and romanticized accounts of Billy the Kid's short career. In the fifteen or so dime novels about his criminal career published between 1881 and 1906, the Kid was an outlaw antihero, customarily depicted as a badman with superior gunslinging skills, or even as a demonic agent of Satan who delighted in murder.

text:
# Legend of Billy the Kid

The **legend of Billy the Kid** has acquired iconic status in American folklore. More has been written about Billy the Kid than any other gunslinger in the history of the American Old West, while hundreds of books, motion pictures, radio and television programs and even a ballet have been inspired by his legend. Despite his enduring reputation, the outlaw himself, also known as William Bonney, had minimal impact on historical events in New Mexico Territory of the late 19th century.

When he was still alive, "Billy the Kid" had already become a nationally known figure whose exploits, real and imaginary, were reported in the National Police Gazette and the large newspapers of the eastern United States. After his death on July 14, 1881, all of New York City's papers ran his obituary, and within days, newspapers around the United States were printing exaggerated and romanticized accounts of Billy the Kid's short career. In the fifteen or so dime novels about his criminal career published between 1881 and 1906, the Kid was an outlaw antihero, customarily depicted as a badman with superior gunslinging skills, or even as a demonic agent of Satan who delighted in murder.

## Beginning of the legend

Within six weeks of Bonney's death there appeared the first complete narrative of his life, *The True Life of Billy the Kid*. Written by dime novelist John Woodruff Lewis under the pen name "Don Jenardo", this pulp novel depicted Billy the Kid as a sadistic psychopath.

Pat Garrett, smarting from local outrage over his shooting of the Kid, wanted to present his side of the story and hoped to turn a profit as well on the American public's fascination with the notorious outlaw. Consequently, he published his account of Bonney's life, *The Authentic Life of Billy, the Kid*, in 1882. It was credited to Garrett, but the first fifteen chapters were a concoction of factual material mixed with fabrications, written by Roswell's postmaster, Ash Upson, an itinerant journalist. The remaining chapters, written in a more restrained style, are generally accurate, and were likely composed by Garrett himself. The book failed to find a wide audience and sold just a few copies; nevertheless, although filled with many errors of fact, *The Authentic Life* served afterwards as the main source for most books written about the Kid until the 1960s. Thus was established the mythic stature of Pat Garrett as the heroic lawman in pursuit of the villainous but romantic desperado, Billy the Kid.

The lawman and former ranch hand Charlie Siringo first told his version of the Kid's story in a chapter of his book, "A Texas Cowboy" (1885). During his youth, Siringo had ridden the range in eastern New Mexico and the Texas Panhandle, the familiar haunts of William Bonney and Pat Garrett, and knew both of them. In 1920, he published a sympathetic biography, *History of Billy the Kid*, in which he described the daily life of a cowboy realistically, but romanticized his account of Bonney with fantasies and exaggerations—its title page claimed "His six years of daring outlawry has never been equalled in the annals of criminal history."

Three governors of New Mexico wrote accounts of their dealings with Billy the Kid. Miguel Antonio Otero, the first governor of the territory, knew William Bonney, and was the first Mexican-American author to write about him. Otero's book, *The Real Billy the Kid: With New Light on the Lincoln County War*, was published in 1936. In it, he wrote admiringly of Bonney and described events of the time and place from the perspective of native New Mexicans. The Kid spoke Spanish fluently and was well-liked by the *Hispanos* of the Pecos River Valley, who told many stories about *el Chivato*, their colloquial Spanish for a young goat or kid.

### Emerging symbol of the Old West

The modern legend of Billy the Kid as an immortal figure of the Old West first developed within a larger cultural context of social upheaval in the late 19th and early 20th century United States. Between 1897 and 1909, during the Progressive era of political activism and reform, the popular American novelist Emerson Hough wrote magazine articles, novels and informal histories that reintroduced Billy the Kid to a national audience, albeit in works that often relied more on fantasy than on actual events. Hough embellished the Kid's reputation with lurid descriptions of his exceptional villainy in an article called "Billy the Kid: The True Story of a Western 'Bad Man' ", written in 1901 for the literary publication, *Everybody's Magazine*, using language such as "the soul of some fierce and far-off carnivore got into the body of this little man, this boy, this fiend in tight boots and a broad hat." Hough further developed this image of the Kid in his book about western desperados, *The Story of the Outlaw* (1907), though not in such excessive language.

By the mid-1920s, however, Bonney's place in the general awareness of the American public had diminished to the point that in 1925 Harvey Fergusson asked in the *American Mercury* magazine, "Who remembers Billy the Kid?". His reputation was revitalized the next year when Walter Noble Burns's book, *The Saga of Billy the Kid*, appeared as the Book-of-the-Month Club selection for December 1926, and became a bestseller. This success, and the fact that people who had actually known William Bonney were beginning to talk to reporters and write their memoirs, allowed stories of his exploits to regain a nationwide audience. Publication of "The Saga", in spite of its dubious facts and fabricated events, subsequently led to a proliferation of other books, magazines and newspaper articles, and then to movies, about the life of Billy the Kid.

Depictions of Billy the Kid in popular culture fluctuated between the poles of cold-blooded murderer without a heart and sentimental hero fighting for justice. Kent Ladd Steckmesser wrote: "There are two Billy the Kids in legend. The first is a tough little thug, a coward, a thief, and a cold-blooded murderer. The second is a romantic and sentimental hero, the brave and likeable leader of an outnumbered band fighting for justice." Both facets of his legend were perpetuated in often poorly researched biographies, as well as in fictionalized B movies, many of which were nonetheless commercially successful.

The dramatic aspects of William Bonney's short life and violent death still appealed to popular taste, as they had in the heyday of the dime novels, but eventually an idealized image of Billy the Kid, as one who defends the underdog and fights against social injustice, came to the fore. The Texas historian, J. Frank Dobie, wrote in *A Vaquero of the Brush Country* (1929): "...because his daring apotheosized youth—youth in the saddle—youth with a flaming gun—and because his daring kept him running and balancing on the edge of a frightful precipice...Billy the Kid will always be interesting, will always appeal to the popular imagination."

### Billy the Kid in film and on stage

With the publication in 1926 of Walter Noble Burns's book,"The Saga of Billy the Kid", the Kid's legend revived and was consolidated as a standard tale of the American Old West. The American movie director King Vidor, who had wanted to film a Western-themed movie for some time, was inspired when he read Burns's book, and felt that the Kid's story had considerable dramatic appeal. Following the commercial success of the first movie he directed for the Metro Goldwyn Mayer studio, *The Big Parade* (1925), he was able to obtain backing for a Billy the Kid production when Irving Thalberg, an executive at MGM, took an interest in his proposal. *Billy the Kid*, the first talking picture version of the legend, was released in 1930. The film featured former college football star Johnny Mack Brown in the title role and Hollywood character actor Wallace Beery as Pat Garrett, but it was a box office failure. Nevertheless, Vidor's *Billy the Kid* set the pattern for Billy the Kid movies for the next fifty years, as other filmmakers followed its formula and made the Kid an instrument of justified vengeance and his enemies the villains of the story.

As Billy the Kid was reborn a romantic or tragic figure in literature and films of the 1920s–1940s; high culture began to turn its attention to his legend in the late 1930s. Lincoln Kirstein, co-founder with George Balanchine of the School of American Ballet, drew material from Burns' book to write the libretto for a ballet to be called *Billy the Kid*, performed by his new group, the *Ballet Caravan*. Composer Aaron Copland was commissioned to score the music, and Eugene Loring to do the choreography. The ballet premiered at the Chicago Civic Opera House on October 16, 1938, and has since become a repertory standard. Copland arranged the score for a concert suite that was performed and recorded in 1959 by Leonard Bernstein conducting the New York Philharmonic Orchestra; the recording was released by Columbia Records in 1960.

*The Outlaw*, starring Jack Buetel as Billy the Kid, Walter Huston as Doc Holliday, and Jane Russell in her first movie role, was produced by Howard Hughes and finished in 1941, though not released until 1943. The film, directed for the most part by Howard Hawks (Hughes got the screen credit), was promoted in a publicity campaign with posters featuring Russell posing in dishabille and her cleavage prominently displayed. Its emphasis on Jane Russell's physical attributes led to the film being dubbed the first "sex western". Although the movie was generally panned by movie critics, it was rereleased twice over the course of the next decade, grossing more than $20 million and solidifying the legend of Billy the Kid (although a distorted and unhistorical one) in the consciousness of the American filmgoing public.

The film director Sam Peckinpah attempted an ambitious retelling of the legend in his last western film, *Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid* (1973), covering the final months of Bonney's life, in which the violence and physical brutality of the world the protagonists inhabited is portrayed realistically. The film suffered from production difficulties as well as from Peckinpah's battles with MGM over his artistic vision and budget overruns. The studio's drastically cut release version, disowned by Peckinpah, was initially a failure with major critics and the viewing public. Although its depiction of the Kid as a roguish anarchist opposed to illegitimate law (as enforced by Garrett on behalf of a corrupt power structure) was suited to the temper of the times, it quickly left first-run theaters. Soon, however, reviews began to appear in smaller film magazines and journals in the United States and abroad that praised its artistry and breadth of vision. The film's reputation was on the ascendancy long before Peckinpah's preferred cut of the preview version was finally shown at the University of Southern California in 1986, and its critical stature has continued to increase since—Martin Scorsese, e.g., called it a "masterpiece". Despite the liberties it took with history, scholar and film editor Paul Seydor described *Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid* as among the finest treatments of the legend in any medium.

## Billy the Kid as cultural icon

The psychoanalyst Alfred Adler wrote an analysis in 1951 of the mythic aspects of the legend of Billy the Kid in which he compared the Kid to Oedipus, King Arthur, Robin Hood, and other legendary heroes of the past. Adler was the first writer to discuss the symbolic significance of Billy the Kid's nickname as a cultural totem.

Arthur Penn's film, *The Left Handed Gun* (1958), portrays Billy the Kid as a misunderstood youth, played by Paul Newman in the manner of James Dean in *Rebel Without a Cause*, according to the film critic Robert Kolker. It similarly addresses the psychological motivations of those of its characters who resort to violence, in a pseudo-Freudian treatment of the subject characteristic of certain 1950s movies.

In 1941 Life magazine ran a piece on Billy the Kid called *America's Best-Loved Badman*. The historian Stephen Tatum, writing forty years later, referred to the contradictory aspects of the mythical Billy the Kid, calling him a "flexible container" into which audiences poured their "hopes and fears, ideals and prejudices." Writers and filmmakers have often depicted William Bonney as the personification of the "free-running reprobate" of the Old West, of the sort whom the reformed outlaw Emmett Dalton wondered if "he symbolizes the undying anarchy in the heart of every man." In any case, the mythical Billy the Kid remains an icon of popular American culture, and the skinny, bucktoothed kid from New York City occupies the top place in Western American folklore. The mythologizing continues with new works in various media.


title: Chechakhata

abstract: Chechakhata is a census town in the Alipurduar I CD block in the Alipurduar subdivision of the Alipurduar district in the state of West Bengal, India.

text:
# Chechakhata

**Chechakhata** is a census town in the Alipurduar I CD block in the Alipurduar subdivision of the Alipurduar district in the state of West Bengal, India.

## Geography

8km
5milesBHU T AN Dheklapara TGR Bandapani TGR Jaldhaka River Torsha River Titi
Reserved
Forest Khairbari
Reserved
Forest Jaldapara
National
ParkNP Aryaman TETE SonapurR TotoparaR PachkalguriR Birpara TGR AlipurduarM BirparaCT Sisha JumrhaCT Paschim JitpurCT ParangarparCT MadarihatCT JateswarCT Jagijhora BarabakCT FalakataCT ChechakhataCT  Bholar DabriCT  Alipurduar Railway JunctionCT**Places and tea estates in the western portion of Alipurdar subdivision (including Madarihat-Birpara, Falakata and Alipuduar I CD blocks) in Alipurduar district**
CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, N: neighbourhood, NP: national park/ wildlife sanctuary, TE: tea estate
Abbreviations used in names – TG for Tea Garden (town/village), TE for Tea Estate
Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly

### Location

Chechakhata is a census town of Alipurduar. Chechakhata is situated from Alipurduar main city about 3.5 km.

### Area overview

Alipurduar district is covered by two maps. It is an extensive area in the eastern end of the Dooars in West Bengal. It is undulating country, largely forested, with numerous rivers flowing down from the outer ranges of the Himalayas in Bhutan. It is a predominantly rural area with 79.38% of the population living in the urban areas. The district has 1 municipal town and 20 census towns and that means that 20.62% of the population lives in rural areas. The scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, taken together, form more than half the population in all the six community development blocks in the district. There is a high concentration of tribal people (scheduled tribes) in the three northern blocks of the district.

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Chechakata had a total population of 7,613 of which 3,870 (51%) were males and 3,743 (49%) were females. There were 586 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The total number of literate people in Chechakata was 6,392 (90.54% of the population over 6 years).

As of 2001 India census, Chechakhata had a population of 6847. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Chechakhata has an average literacy rate of 84%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 88% and female literacy of 79%. 8% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Infrastructure

According to the *District Census Handbook 2011, Jalpaiguri*, Chechakhata covered an area of 1.44 km2. Among the civic amenities, it had 35 km roads, with open drains, the protected water supply involved tap water from treated sources, borewell, tubewell. It had 2,256 domestic electric connections. Among the medical facilities it had 2 dispensaries/ health centres. Among the educational facilities it had 4 primary schools, 1 middle school, 1 secondary school.

## InfoBox

| Chechakhata | |
| --- | --- |
| Census Town | |
| ChechakhataLocation in West Bengal, IndiaChechakhataChechakhata (India) | |
| Coordinates: 26°32′N 89°32′E / 26.54°N 89.54°E / 26.54; 89.54 | |
| Country | India |
| State | West Bengal |
| District | Alipurduar |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.44 km2 (0.56 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 7,613 |
| Density | 5,300/km2 (14,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 736123 |
| Vehicle registration | WB |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Alipurduars (ST) |
| Vidhan Sabha constituency | Alipurduars (ST) |
| Website | alipuduar.gov.in |


title: Chemicrazy

abstract: Chemicrazy is the fourth album by Irish alternative rockers That Petrol Emotion. The album was released in April 1990. It was produced by Scott Litt. Four singles were taken from the album: "Abandon", "Hey Venus", "Sensitize" and "Tingle". Chemicrazy peaked at No. 62 on the UK Albums Chart. It was a hit on Billboard's College/Alternative Albums chart. The band supported the album with a North American tour.

text:
# Chemicrazy

***Chemicrazy*** is the fourth album by Irish alternative rockers That Petrol Emotion. The album was released in April 1990. It was produced by Scott Litt.

Four singles were taken from the album: "Abandon", "Hey Venus", "Sensitize" and "Tingle". *Chemicrazy* peaked at No. 62 on the UK Albums Chart. It was a hit on *Billboard'*s College/Alternative Albums chart. The band supported the album with a North American tour.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Los Angeles Times* |  |
| *Orlando Sentinel* |  |

The *Los Angeles Times* noted that, "after two albums of all groove and no song, the thrill is back at the incendiary level you'd expect from a band that descended from Northern Ireland's melodic punk boy wonders the Undertones." The *Orlando Sentinel* wrote that "Tingle" "is a breezy love song that lopes along and is pure pop at its best." The *Houston Chronicle* called the album "a strong, no-nonsense, uncompromising rock 'n' roll record from one of music's bright new bands."

## Track listing

Side one
| No. | Title | Written by | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Hey Venus" | Ciaran McLaughlin | 3:18 |
| 2. | "Blue to Black" | Ciaran McLaughlin | 3:47 |
| 3. | "Mess of Words" | Ciaran McLaughlin | 3:36 |
| 4. | "Sensitize" | Ciaran McLaughlin | 4:05 |
| 5. | "Another Day" | Damian O'Neill | 3:51 |
| 6. | "Gnaw Mark" | Damian O'Neill | 4:13 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Written by | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Scum Surfin'" | Ciaran McLaughlin | 4:31 |
| 2. | "Compulsion" | Damian O'Neill | 2:22 |
| 3. | "Tingle" | Raymond O'Gorman | 3:30 |
| 4. | "Head Staggered" | Ciaran McLaughlin | 4:01 |
| 5. | "Abandon" | Raymond O'Gorman | 4:00 |
| 6. | "Sweet Shiver Burn" | Raymond O'Gorman, Ciaran McLaughlin | 3:25 |

## Personnel

That Petrol Emotion * Steve Mack – vocals, booklet design, arranger
* Raymond O'Gorman – guitar
* Damian O'Neill – guitar
* John Marchini – bass
* Ciaran McLaughlin – drums

with:

* Scott Litt – producer, engineer
* David Russo – programming, production assistant, piano on "Tingle", background vocals on "Sensitize"
* Hahn Rowe – violin on "Abandon", "Head Staggered" and "Sweet Shiver Burn"
* Joan Jones – trumpet on "Tingle"
* Steve Deutsch – bass on "Sweet Shiver Burn" and Help
* Clif Norrell – engineer
* Stephen Marcussen – mastering
* Gary Panter – cover painting
* Charles Peterson – photography

## InfoBox

| Chemicrazy | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by That Petrol Emotion | |
| Released | April 1990 |
| Genre | Alternative rock |
| Length | 44:32 |
| Label | Virgin |
| Producer | Scott Litt |
| That Petrol Emotion chronology | |
| *End of the Millennium Psychosis Blues*
(1988) ***Chemicrazy***
(1990) *Fireproof*
(1993) | |


title: Duncan Ley

abstract: Duncan Ley is an Australian playwright, actor, theatrical producer and director who has also written for Sydney's Motion Picture Company. His play In Cold Light is currently in the production phase as it is turned into a feature film by Peter Slee Productions. Duncan was a founding member of Canberra's Everyman Theatre.

text:
# Duncan Ley

**Duncan Ley** is an Australian playwright, actor, theatrical producer and director who has also written for Sydney's Motion Picture Company. His play *In Cold Light* is currently in the production phase as it is turned into a feature film by Peter Slee Productions. Duncan was a founding member of Canberra's Everyman Theatre.

## Career

### Playwright Credits

Ley's plays including *Home At The End*, *The Burning*, *When in Rome*, *In Cold Light*, *For All Our Sins*, *Final Passages*, *Pillock for the Defence*, *The Suspect*, and *Last Drinks*. *The Ides of March* made its world premiere at The White Bear Theatre in Kennington on 28 November 2008, directed by Adam Spreadbury-Maher and starring British actress Robyn Moore best known for her portrayal as Shirley Benson on BBC's *EastEnders*.

In 2009, Ley's play *Last Drinks* was presented as a double bill with Stephen Fry's *Latin*.

### Awards

Ley has won a number of awards, including for his direction of William Shakespeare's Hamlet for New Century Productions. He won "Best Original Work of the Year" and "Best Play of the Year" from the Canberra Area Theatre Awards in both 2001 and 2003, for *The Burning* and *In Cold Light* respectively. His play "The Ides of March" was short-listed for the 2007 STC Patrick White Playwright's Award.

## Notes and references


title: Special Constabulary Long Service Medal

abstract: The Special Constabulary Long Service Medal is a long service medal awarded in the United Kingdom to members of the Special Constabulary who have completed a specified period of service. Established in 1919 by King George V, the medal was initially created to reward members of the Special Constabulary for their service during World War I.

text:
# Special Constabulary Long Service Medal

Obverse: George V issues. The uncrowned effigy was awarded from circa 1930 Obverse: George VI (post-1948 awards omitted words *Ind Imp*) and Elizabeth II

The **Special Constabulary Long Service Medal** is a long service medal awarded in the United Kingdom to members of the Special Constabulary who have completed a specified period of service. Established in 1919 by King George V, the medal was initially created to reward members of the Special Constabulary for their service during World War I.

## History

Established on 30 August 1919 by Royal Warrant, the medal was initially known as the Special Constabulary Medal. The intent of the original warrant was to recognise the service of the members of the Special Constabulary during World War I, with further regulations to recognise nine years of service as a member of the Special Constabulary. A new Royal Warrant was promulgated in 1920 changing the name of the medal to the Special Constabulary Long Service Medal. In 1929, subsequent awards could be recognised by a clasp inscribed *Long Service*.

The Special Constabulary Long Service Medal was also awarded to members of the British South Africa Police Reserve for service in Southern Rhodesia after 1939, with recommendations made by the Governor of Southern Rhodesia to the Dominions Office in London. By 1965, when the last awards were made, a total of 559 medals, 71 first clasps and six second clasps had been received by members of the Reserve.

## Criteria

The Special Constabulary Long Service Medal may be awarded under one of four different sets of criteria:

### Great War service

Special Constables who served during World War I from 1914 to 1918 for three years, and performed at least 150 police duties were eligible to be awarded the medal. Recipients who received the medal under these conditions were entitled to a clasp inscribed *The Great War 1914 - 18* to denote their World War I service.

### Special Constabulary

The medal may be awarded to Special Constables who are recommended by the Chief Officer of Police of the department in which they serve so long as they have served for at least nine years, and willingly and competently discharged their duty as a Special Constable. Years of service during World War I from 1914 to 1918 and service during World War II from 3 September 1939 to 31 December 1945 are counted as triple.

#### Bar Eligibility

Special Constables who completed an additional period of ten years service were eligible for a clasp to the medal, upon the recommendation of the Chief Officer of Police.

On 11 March 2022, the Queen approved amendments to the medal's Royal Warrant reducing the service threshold for eligibility for the awarding of clasp from 10 years to 5 years additional period of service.

### Ulster Special Constabulary

Members of the Ulster Special Constabulary were eligible for award of the medal after fifteen years of service where they willingly and competently discharged their duty. Members who were serving their fifteenth year on 30 April 1970, the date the Ulster Special Constabulary was disbanded, were also eligible for award of the medal. Eligible individuals must have been recommended for award by the Chief Officer of Police, Royal Ulster Constabulary.

Special Constables who completed an additional period of ten years service were eligible for a clasp to the medal, upon the recommendation of the Chief Officer of Police. Members of the Ulster Special Constabulary who were in at least the ninth year of a subsequent ten-year period of service on 30 April 1970 were eligible for award of a clasp.

### Royal Ulster Constabulary Reserve

The medal was awarded to members of the Royal Ulster Constabulary Reserve upon the recommendation of the Chief Constable, Royal Ulster Constabulary, who served fifteen years and willingly and competently discharged their duty as a member of the RUC Reserve. Service in the Ulster Special Constabulary which was not counted for the award of the medal or bar, could be counted with service as a member of the RUC Reserve.

Special Constables who completed an additional period of ten years service were eligible for a clasp to the medal, upon the recommendation of the Chief Officer of Police.

## Appearance

The Special Constabulary Long Service Medal is a circular bronze medal.
The obverse bears the effigy of the reigning sovereign, surrounded by a suitable inscription.
The reverse bears the inscription in six lines *FOR / FAITHFUL / SERVICE / IN THE / SPECIAL / CONSTABULARY*, with a wreath below and to the right of the inscription.

In 1956, a separate reverse was created for the Ulster Special Constabulary. The only difference was in the inscription which read in seven lines: *FOR / FAITHFUL / SERVICE / IN THE / ULSTER / SPECIAL / CONSTABULARY*. In 1982, the reverse was modified again to recognise service in the Royal Ulster Constabulary Reserve.

Each issued medal has the name of the recipient impressed on the rim. Rank is shown for recipients above the rank of Constable.

The medal hangs from a ribbon 1 3/8 inches wide with a red centre stripe, at the edges are a white stripes bisected by an equal black stripe.

### Clasps

The first clasp to the medal was created upon the establishment of the medal which denoted that the medal was awarded for service during World War I. This bronze clasp bears the inscription *The Great War 1914 - 18*. For subsequent awards of the medal, recipients are entitled to wear a bronze clasp with the words *Long Service* followed by the year the clasp was awarded. Since 1953, recipients entitled to a clasp to the medal for long service may wear a silver rosette on the service ribbon.

## InfoBox

| Special Constabulary Long Service Medal | |
| --- | --- |
| Obverse (George VI issue) and reverse | |
| Type | Long service medal |
| Awarded for | 9 years service |
| Presented by | United Kingdom |
| Eligibility | Members of the Special Constabulary |
| Clasps | *The Great War 1914 - 1918*
Bar for 10 subsequent years of service (5 years after 11 March 2022) |
| Established | 30 August 1919 |
|  | |
|
Clasp for Great War service

Clasp for second award
Ribbon bar | |
|  | |
| Order of Wear | |
| Next (higher) | H.M. Coastguard Long Service and Good Conduct Medal |
| Next (lower) | Canadian Forces' Decoration |


title: Casselia

abstract: Casselia is a small genus of flowering plants in the verbena family (Verbenaceae) first named in 1823. Plants in the genus Casselia are native to South America.

text:
# Casselia

***Casselia*** is a small genus of flowering plants in the verbena family (Verbenaceae) first named in 1823. Plants in the genus *Casselia* are native to South America.

## Species

As of 2020, Kew's Plants of the World Online accepts seven species in the genus *Casselia*:

## InfoBox

| *Casselia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Verbenaceae |
| Genus: | *Casselia*<br>Nees & Mart. |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Timotocia* Moldenke | |


title: Bill Tebble

abstract: William John Tebble was an Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

text:
# Bill Tebble

**William John Tebble** (17 June 1928 – 9 August 2004) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## Family

The son of ex-South Melbourne footballer, Patrick Travers Tebble (1903–1968), and Hilda Victoria May Tebble (1908-1987), née Lewis, William John Tebble was born in Avenel, Victoria on 17 June 1928.

## Football

He played in 57 First XVIII matches with Collingwood over four seasons.

He went to Mortlake as coach in 1954.

## InfoBox

| Bill Tebble | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | William John Tebble | | |
| Date of birth | (1928-06-17)17 June 1928 | | |
| Place of birth | Avenel, Victoria | | |
| Date of death | 9 August 2004(2004-08-09) (aged 76) | | |
| Original team(s) | Preston Boys' Club | | |
| Height | 182 cm (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Weight | 86 kg (190 lb) | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1950–53 | Collingwood | 57 (8) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1953. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Vest Cemetery

abstract: The Vest Cemetery is a historic cemetery in rural western Izard County, Arkansas. It is located at the end of Vest Cemetery Road, north of the hamlet of Boswell, adjacent to the site of the former Vest family homestead. It is a rectangular parcel, with 72 known graves dating back to the early settlement period of Boswell in the 1870s. A portion of the cemetery is lined by a low rock wall, built to keep cattle from grazing on the family graves of the Cockersham family. The entire cemetery is now lined by woven wire fencing. The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.

text:
# Vest Cemetery

The **Vest Cemetery** is a historic cemetery in rural western Izard County, Arkansas. It is located at the end of Vest Cemetery Road (County Road 197), north of the hamlet of Boswell, adjacent to the site of the former Vest family homestead. It is a rectangular parcel, with 72 known graves dating back to the early settlement period of Boswell in the 1870s. A portion of the cemetery is lined by a low rock wall, built to keep cattle from grazing on the family graves of the Cockersham family. The entire cemetery is now lined by woven wire fencing.

The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Vest Cemetery | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location in ArkansasLocation in United States | |
| Location | End of County Road 179 (Vest Cemetery Rd.), Boswell, Arkansas |
| Coordinates | 36°2′42″N 92°3′12″W / 36.04500°N 92.05333°W / 36.04500; -92.05333 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1875 (1875) |
| NRHP reference No. | 15000284 |
| Added to NRHP | January 8, 2016 |


title: Dimouri

abstract: Dimouri is a village in the Bassar Prefecture in the Kara Region of north-western Togo adjacent to the border with Ghana.

text:
# Dimouri

**Dimouri** is a village in the Bassar Prefecture in the Kara Region of north-western Togo adjacent to the border with Ghana.

1. Maplandia world gazetteer

## InfoBox

| Dimouri | |
| --- | --- |
| DimouriLocation in Togo | |
| Coordinates: 9°12′N 0°35′E / 9.200°N 0.583°E / 9.200; 0.583 | |
| Country | Togo |
| Region | Kara Region |
| Prefecture | Bassar |
| Time zone | UTC \+ 0 |


title: Shriketit

abstract: The shriketits are a group of three species of birds in the genus Falcunculus endemic to Australia where they inhabit open eucalypt forest and woodland.

text:
# Shriketit

The **shriketits** are a group of three species of birds in the genus ***Falcunculus*** endemic to Australia where they inhabit open eucalypt forest and woodland.

## Taxonomy and distribution

### Species

Three species are recognized, with disjunct ranges:

## Description

Males are larger than females in wing length, weight, and bill-size. Males have black throats, while females have olive green throats, and both sexes have bold black and white markings on the face.

## Behaviour

They feed mainly on insects, spiders and, sometimes, particularly during the breeding season, young birds. Thistle seeds are also taken. They have a parrot-like bill, used for distinctive bark-stripping behaviour, which gains them access to invertebrates. The bird is unobtrusive, and the sound of the bark strips being torn off trees provides an indication of their presence. They nest high in a eucalyptus tree, in a fork of a branch, both sexes sharing the incubation and the rearing of the young. There may be two broods.

### General sources

* del Hoyo, Josep; Andrew Elliott; David Christie (2007). *Handbook of the Birds of the World Picathartes to tits and chickadees*. Lynx Communications. ISBN 978-84-96553-42-2.
* Dickinson, E. C. 2003. *The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World*. 3rd Ed. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press,
* Schodde, R. and I. J. Mason. 1999. *Directory of Australian Birds*. Volume 1: *Passerines*. CSIRO Publishing, Canberra.

## InfoBox

| *Falcunculus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Eastern shriketit male | |
|  | |
| Eastern shriketit female | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Falcunculidae |
| Genus: | *Falcunculus*
Vieillot, 1816 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Lanius frontatus*
Latham, 1801 | |
| Species | |
| See text | |


title: Chase Morison

abstract: Chase Wayne Morison is a South African professional rugby union player for Munakata Sanix Blues in the Top League in Japan. His can play as a prop or a hooker.

text:
# Chase Morison

**Chase Wayne Morison** (born 27 November 1992) is a South African professional rugby union player for Munakata Sanix Blues in the Top League in Japan. His can play as a prop or a hooker.

## Career

### Border

Morison was born in Germiston, but grew up in East London, where he qualified to represent the Border Bulldogs at provincial level; he played for them at Under-16 level at the Grant Khomo Week tournament in 2008 and at Under-18 level in the Craven Week tournament in 2010.

### Free State / UFS Shimlas / Griffons

After high school, Morison moved to Bloemfontein, where he joined the Free State Cheetahs academy. In 2011, he played for the Free State U19 side in the 2011 Under-19 Provincial Championship and was named in the matchday squad for all thirteen of their matches, starting seven and playing off the bench on five occasions. Free State finished the regular season fourth on the log and qualified for the semi-finals, where they lost to the Blue Bulls U19s.

Morison was named in the Free State U21 squad, but did not get any game time despite being named on the bench for their match against Sharks U21 in the 2012 Under-21 Provincial Championship. However, he featured prominently in the same competition in 2013, starting ten of their matches as the Free State Under-21s finished in fifth spot, missing out on the semi-finals.

The following season, Morison was named in a first class squad for the first time for the Free State XV in the 2014 Vodacom Cup competition. He made his senior debut in their 52–47 victory over the SWD Eagles, coming on as a second-half replacement. He made further appearances off the bench in their matches against the Boland Cavaliers, Sharks XV and Kenyan invitational side Simba XV. The Free State XV finished in second spot on the Southern Section log and qualified for a quarter final match against the Blue Bulls, which they lost 21–22.

At the start of the 2015 season, Morison represented the UFS Shimlas in the 2015 Varsity Cup competition. He played in all seven of their matches during the regular season, helping them to maintain an unbeaten record, winning six matches and drawing one. He missed out on the play-offs, where his side won the competition for the first time after beating NWU Pukke 63–33 in Bloemfontein.

Morison joined Welkom-based side the Griffons during their 2015 Currie Cup qualification campaign and made appearances as a replacement in their matches against the Border Bulldogs and the Falcons.

Morison returned to Bloemfontein and was named in the Free State Cheetahs squad for the 2015 Currie Cup Premier Division. He was an unused replacement in their 31–73 defeat to the Golden Lions, but made his debut in the Premier Division of the Currie Cup the following week, playing off the bench in a 37-all draw against the Pumas in Nelspruit.

## InfoBox

Chase Morison
| Full name | Chase Wayne Morison |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1992-11-27) 27 November 1992 |
| Place of birth | Germiston, South Africa |
| Height | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |
| Weight | 110 kg (17 st 5 lb; 243 lb) |
| School | Selborne College, East London |
| University | University of the Free State |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Prop / Hooker  **Current team** Munakata Sanix Blues  Youth career  2008–2010 Border Bulldogs  2011–2013 Free State Cheetahs  Amateur team(s)  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2015–2016 UFS Shimlas  12  (7)  Senior career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2014–2016 Free State XV  13  (0)  2015 Griffons  2  (0)  2015 Free State Cheetahs  2  (0)  2016 Griquas  1  (0)  2018–present Munakata Sanix Blues  0  (0)  Correct as of 2 February 2019 | |


title: Chemicals (Tiësto and Don Diablo song)

abstract: "Chemicals" is a 2015 single by Dutch DJs and music producers Tiësto and Don Diablo. It features vocals by Danish singer and producer Thomas Troelsen and was released on Musical Freedom and Spinnin' Records. The song was released on 21 September 2015 through Musical Freedom.

text:
# Chemicals (Tiësto and Don Diablo song)

"**Chemicals**" is a 2015 single by Dutch DJs and music producers Tiësto and Don Diablo. It features vocals by Danish singer and producer Thomas Troelsen and was released on Musical Freedom and Spinnin' Records. The song was released on 21 September 2015 through Musical Freedom.

## Music video

An official music video was issued on 23 September 2015. The video starts in Manhattan,New York City showing a normal routine of a woman in Cheongsam, a businesswoman and a Paperman, all looking bored. Tiesto and Don Diablo transform themselves into yellow and blue trails (respectively) of chemicals and fly around the city. The trails are seen by the woman in Cheongsam, businesswoman and flyer man, all of them quit their jobs and happily follow the trails to a concert where Tiesto and Don Diablo transform back to human performing.

## Track listing

Digital Download (MF135) 1. "Chemicals" – 4:26
2. "Chemicals" (Radio Edit) – 3:42

2018 Translucent Purple 7" Vinyl 1. "Chemicals" (Radio Edit) – 3:42
2. "Chemicals" (Extended Mix) – 4:26

## Charts

"Chemicals" charted in the Dutch Top 40 Tipparade chart reaching number 8. It also charted in the Belgian Ultratip chart reaching number 26 and appeared in the Swedish Sverigetopplistan reaching number 84.

| Chart (2015) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 26 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 84 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sweden (GLF) | Gold | 20,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| "Chemicals" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Tiësto and Don Diablo featuring Thomas Troelsen | |
| from the album  *Together (DJ Mix)* | |
| Released | 21 September 2015 (2015-09-21) |
| Genre | Future house |
| Length | 3:42 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Tiësto singles chronology | |
| "Split (Only U)"
(2015) "**Chemicals**"
(2015) "Wombass"
(2015) | |
|  | |
| Don Diablo singles chronology | |
| "On My Mind"
(2015) "**Chemicals**"
(2015) "Got the Love"
(2015) | |
| Thomas Troelsen production chronology | |
| *We Wanna*
(2015) ***Chemicals***
(2015) *Heatwave*
(2015) | |
|  | |


title: Dune (card game)

abstract: Dune is an out-of-print collectible card game produced by Last Unicorn Games and Five Rings Publishing Group, and later Wizards of the Coast. Set in the Dune universe based on the books written by Frank Herbert, the game pits two or more players against each other, each in control of a minor house vying for entry in the Landsraad.

text:
# Dune (card game)

***Dune*** is an out-of-print collectible card game produced by Last Unicorn Games and Five Rings Publishing Group, and later Wizards of the Coast. Set in the *Dune* universe based on the books written by Frank Herbert, the game pits two or more players against each other, each in control of a minor house vying for entry in the Landsraad.

## Publishing history

Originally released in 1997 as *Dune: Eye of the Storm* by a partnership of Five Rings Publishing Group (FRPG) and Last Unicorn Games. The license negotiated with the Herbert Estate and Universal Studios was for intellectual property based on the 1984 film *Dune* directed by David Lynch. By December 1997, the license covered all of the *Dune* novels by Frank Herbert, and the game was based on the first three novels (*Dune*, *Dune Messiah*, and *Children of Dune*).

It was designed by Owen Seyler, and featured painted card art instead of screen captures from the film. The set included 301 cards available in 60-card starter decks and 15-card booster packs. There were six starter decks, one for each of the political factions in the game, half of which were fixed for the deck and the other half randomized.

Although Ally and Homeworld cards were only available in starter boxes, not all Ally cards were included in a given starter (e.g. Piter de Vries, Liscia Theirese), giving rise to the collectable/tradable game element. A small number of promotional cards were also released to people requesting additional information about the game prior to Eye of the Storm's initial release. All of these cards have "Preview" on the left-hand side of the card face.

FRPG intended on releasing expansion sets quarterly. The first one, the 152-card set *Judge of the Change*, was released in December 1997. It was sold in 60-card half-fixed starter decks and 15-card booster packs. The set added the factions 'Spice Miners Guild' and 'Water Peddlers Union' and the type 'decrees'.

When Wizards of the Coast purchased Five Rings later that year, *Dune: Eye of the Storm* underwent a major shift. In a program called Rolling Thunder, small expansions of the game, called "Chapters", were released every two months. While intended to keep the pace of collecting exciting, it resulted in high duplicate rates in booster packs and a competitive landscape constantly in flux.

In 1998, Wizards of the Coast released two more complete sets, *Dune: Judge of the Change* (183 cards, covering the arrival of House Atreides on Arrakis) and *Dune: Thunder at Twilight* (178 cards, covering the reclaiming of Arrakis by House Harkonnen), but the challenging gameplay proved too difficult for younger players. This ultimately led to the collapse of the *Dune* CCG.

Two more expansions, *Dune: Second Moon Rising* (the rise of Paul Atreides) and *Dune: Fall of the Padishah* (the defeat of Padishah Emperor Shaddam IV), were planned for release in 1998. However, the game was canceled before they were printed.

## Gameplay

Players take the role of minor houses vying for entry into the Landsraad. They are sponsored in this effort by one of six Great Houses/Factions (House Atreides, Bene Gesserit Sisterhood, House Corrino, the Fremen, House Harkonnen, and the Spacing Guild), and must choose one Homeworld, as well as a number of unique Allies and Holdings to make up their Imperial Deck. Players also have a House Deck containing non-unique cards that represent their Aides, Personnel, Equipment, Plans and Tactics (random Event cards may also be included in the House Deck).

The Judge of the Change expansion introduced three new Factions (the Spice Miner's Guild, the Water Seller's Union, and the Dune Smugglers), and the Thunder at Twilight expansion contained modified House Atreides, House Corrino and House Harkonnen starter sets (reflecting the period in the Dune novel when House Atreides took possession of Arrakis from the Harkonnen). Thunder at Twilight also added the 'program ventures' and 'nexus events' card types.

Each player begins the game with a homeworld and small amount of solaris, the currency of the Imperium. Players compete over Imperial Deck Allies and Holdings through an auction-style mechanic, while House Deck resources are paid for and deployed from a player's hand.

Players attack one another through Intrigue, Battle, Arbitration, and Dueling Rites to gain political standing and wealth. Allies and Aides can only participate in a particular Rite if they have the Talent for it (displayed on their card). When a player uses a deployed Ally or Aide to attack or defend, they must Tap that card and it cannot be used again until the next turn. This may leave the player open to an attack from another player, so it becomes important to have multiple elements of attack and defense deployed at all times. Also, Tactic cards make it possible for one player to interfere with an attack occurring between two other players and influence the outcome without using any of the interfering player's Allies or Aides. Allies and Aides that are defeated in an attack are usually not removed from play but are turned face down, and may be resurrected after a few turns.

The mystical elements of Prophecy and Bene Gesserit Weirding ways can also be utilized to significantly further one's agenda. Victory can be gained once a player's House accumulates 10 or more spice units and 10 or more Favor points.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

*Dune*
| *Eye of the Storm* | |
| --- | --- |
| Cardback of the *Dune* CCG | |
| Designers |  |
| Publishers |  |
| Players | 2–8 |
| Playing time | ~ 1 hour |
| Chance | Some |
| Skills |  |


title: Utsubo Monogatari

abstract: Utsubo Monogatari Utsubo Monogatari is a late 10th century Japanese story. It is Japan's oldest full-length narrative.

text:
# Utsubo Monogatari

***Utsubo Monogatari*** (うつほ物語, "The Tale of the Hollow Tree") is a late 10th century Japanese story. It is Japan's oldest full-length narrative.

## Composition

The author is unknown. Minamoto no Shitagō is cited as a likely candidate; however, it may have had multiple authors spanning a number of years. The text is referenced in a number of later works such as *Kagerō Nikki* (c.977), *Makura no Sōshi* (1002), and *Genji Monogatari* (c.1021), suggesting compilation between c.970 and 999.

The text is illustrated in an *emakimono* by Asukabe no Tsunenori, with calligraphy by Ono no Michikaze.

## Title

The title of the story, *The Tale of the Hollow Tree*, is taken from an incident early in the text. The protagonist Nakatada and his mother flee to the mountains and live in hollow cedar tree. The *ateji* 宇津保 are also used.

## Contents

The story is twenty volumes in length and revolves around a mystical harp that passes through four generations. It belongs to the *monogatari* genre and is subclassified as a *denki monogatari*.

It contains the following chapters:

| Chapter | Title |
| --- | --- |
| 1 | *Toshikage* (俊蔭) |
| 2 | *Tadakoso* (忠こそ) |
| 3 | *Fujiwara no Kimi* (藤原の君) |
| 4 | *Saga no In* (嵯峨院) |
| 5 | *Ume no Hanagasa* (梅の花笠) |
| 6 | *Fukiage (jō)* (吹上(上)) |
| 7 | *Fukiage (ge)* (吹上(下)) |
| 8 | *Matsuri no Tsukai* (祭の使) |
| 9 | *Kiku no En* (菊の宴) |
| 10 | *Atemiya* (あて宮) |
| 11 | *Hatsuaki* (初秋) |
| 12 | *Tazu no Muradori* (田鶴の群鳥) |
| 13 | *Kurabiraki (jō)* (蔵開(上)) |
| 14 | *Kurabiraki (chū)* (蔵開(中)) |
| 15 | *Kurabiraki (ge)* (蔵開(下)) |
| 16 | *Kuniyuzuri (jō)* (国譲(上)) |
| 17 | *Kuniyuzuri (chū)* (国譲(中)) |
| 18 | *Kuniyuzuri (ge)* (国譲(下)) |
| 19 | *Rō no Ue (jō)* (楼上(上)) |
| 20 | *Rō no Ue (ge)* (楼上(下)) |

The story is generally divided into three major sections:

1. Chapters 1-12: Toshikage is sent to China but shipwrecks in Persia. He obtains the mystical harps and returns to Japan. He has a daughter and teaches her music. The daughter has a son, Nakatada, and raises him in hollow tree. Nakatada seeks marriage to Atemiya.
2. Chapters 13-18: Various political rivalries revolving around the Nakatada household and the crown prince.
3. Chapters 19-20: Nakatada passes on the family musical traditions to Inumiya

## Translations

An English translation by Ziro Uraki was published in 1984 by Shinozaki Shorin under the title *The Tale of the Cavern (Utsuho Monogatari)* (ISBN 4784104372).

1. Kubota (2007:34)
2. Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten Henshū Iinkai (1986:170-173)
3. "Utsubo Monogatari • . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史". *. A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史*. Retrieved 2022-03-13.
4. "Utsubo Monogatari (Tale of the Hollow Tree) by Jirō Uraki". *LibraryThing.com*. Retrieved 2017-09-05.

## Sources


title: Sphenarches bilineatus

abstract: Sphenarches bilineatus is a moth of the family Pterophoridae that is known from Samoa. The length of the forewings is 7 millimetres (0.28 in) for males and 7.2 millimetres (0.28 in) for females.

text:
# Sphenarches bilineatus

***Sphenarches bilineatus*** is a moth of the family Pterophoridae that is known from Samoa.

The length of the forewings is 7 millimetres (0.28 in) for males and 7.2 millimetres (0.28 in) for females.

## InfoBox

| *Sphenarches bilineatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pterophoridae |
| Genus: | *Sphenarches* |
| Species: | ***S. bilineatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Sphenarches bilineatus***<br>Yano, 1963 | |
|


title: Shannon Clavelle

abstract: Shannon Lynn Clavelle is an American former professional football defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Green Bay Packers and Kansas City Chiefs. He played college football at the University of Colorado under head coach Bill McCartney. Clavelle fathered a son, Derek McCartney, with McCartney's daughter, Kristy. Clavelle was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in the sixth round of the 1995 NFL draft. He debuted in the NFL though with the Green Bay Packers in 1995. He played on the Packers Super Bowl XXXI Championship team of 1996 that beat the New England Patriots. In 1997, he played six games with the Packers and finished his career that year playing in one game with the Kansas City Chiefs.

text:
# Shannon Clavelle

**Shannon Lynn Clavelle** (born October 12, 1973) is an American former professional football defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Green Bay Packers and Kansas City Chiefs. He played college football at the University of Colorado under head coach Bill McCartney. Clavelle fathered a son, Derek McCartney, with McCartney's daughter, Kristy.

Clavelle was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in the sixth round (185th overall) of the 1995 NFL draft. He debuted in the NFL though with the Green Bay Packers in 1995. He played on the Packers Super Bowl XXXI Championship team of 1996 that beat the New England Patriots. In 1997, he played six games with the Packers and finished his career that year playing in one game with the Kansas City Chiefs.

## InfoBox

Shannon Clavelle
| No. 91 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Defensive end |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1973-10-12) October 12, 1973
Lafayette, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) |
| Weight: | 287 lb (130 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | O. Perry Walker
(New Orleans, Louisiana) |
| College: | Colorado |
| NFL draft: | 1995 / round: 6 / pick: 185 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Games played: 16  Sacks: 0.5 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Robert Sparr

abstract: Robert Sparr was an American screenwriter, television director, and film director. He died as a result of a plane crash in Colorado while scouting filming locations for the 1970 film Barquero with fellow Star Trek crew member, cameraman Gerald Finnerman. The pilot was also killed but Finnerman survived. The plane crash prompted a drawn-out legal battle involving Sparr's son for a wrongful death suit, which went to the United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit.

text:
# Robert Sparr

**Robert Sparr** (September 10, 1915  August 28, 1969) was an American screenwriter, television director, and film director. He died as a result of a plane crash in Colorado while scouting filming locations for the 1970 film *Barquero* with fellow *Star Trek* crew member, cameraman Gerald Finnerman. The pilot was also killed but Finnerman survived. The plane crash prompted a drawn-out legal battle involving Sparr's son for a wrongful death suit, which went to the United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit.

## Selected filmography as a director

## InfoBox

| Robert Sparr | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Robert Tyrone Sparr
(1915-09-15)September 15, 1915
Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | August 28, 1969(1969-08-28) (aged 53)
Colorado, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | Television director, film director, editor |
| Years active | 1952—1969 |


title: 1945–46 French Rugby Union Championship

abstract: The 1945–46 French Rugby Union Championship of first division was won by Section Paloise (Pau) that beat Lourdes in the final. The Championship was arranged in two groups. The first with 54 clubs divided in 9 pools of six and the second of almost 100 clubs that qualified 5 club. The 32 clubs were divided in 8 pools of 4. the first two of esch were qualified two next round. The 16 clubs are again divided in pools of 4 club. The winner of four pools are qualified for semifinals.

text:
# 1945–46 French Rugby Union Championship

The **1945–46 French Rugby Union Championship** of first division was won by **Section Paloise** (Pau) that beat Lourdes in the final.

The Championship was arranged in two groups. The first with 54 clubs divided in 9 pools of six (27 qualified) and the second of almost 100 clubs that qualified 5 club.

The 32 clubs were divided in 8 pools of 4 . the first two of esch were qualified two next round.

The 16 clubs are again divided in pools of 4 club . The winner of four pools are qualified for semifinals.

## Context

The Coupe de France was won by Toulose, which beat Pau in the final.

## Final

| **Teams** | **Pau**Lourdes |
| --- | --- |
| **Score** | **11–0** |
| **Date** | 24 March 1946 |
| **Venue** | Parc des Princes, Paris |
| **Referee** | Jean Callède |
| **Line-up** |  |
| **Pau** | Paul Moncassin, Lucien Martin, Henri Larrat, Pierre Aristouy, Edouard Salsé, Jean Lauga, Paul Theux, André Rousse, Théo Cazenave, Auguste Lassalle, Jean Estrade, Pierre Lauga, René Desclaux, Robert Duthen, Jean Carmouze |
| **Lourdes** | Daniel Saint-Pastous, Fernand Carassus, Eugène Buzy, Joseph Dutrey, René Chaubet, François Soro, Jean Prat, Jean Davant, René Barzu, Charles Peyrade, Guy Faget, Jésus Cano, André Chanfreau, Bettino Pallavicini, Georges Bernadet |
| **Scorers** |  |
| **Pau** | 2 tries Lauga and Cazenave<br>1 conversion and 1 penalty Carmouze |
| **Lourdes** |  |

## InfoBox

| 1945–46 French Rugby Union Championship | |
| --- | --- |
| Countries | France |
| Champions | Pau |
| Runners-up | Lourdes |
|  | |


title: Dingevatn

abstract: Dingevatn or Dingevatnet is the 18th deepest lake in Norway, reaching a maximum depth of 220 metres (720 ft). It is located in the municipality of Gulen in Vestland county. The 2.84-square-kilometre (1.10 sq mi) lake is located just east of the village of Dingja, about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) southeast of the mouth of the Sognefjorden. The lake lies about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) north of the municipal center of Eivindvik. The lake flows out into the small Dingjaelva river, which runs past the village of Dingja before emptying into the Sognesjøen strait.

text:
# Dingevatn

**Dingevatn** or **Dingevatnet** is the 18th deepest lake in Norway, reaching a maximum depth of 220 metres (720 ft). It is located in the municipality of Gulen in Vestland county. The 2.84-square-kilometre (1.10 sq mi) lake is located just east of the village of Dingja, about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) southeast of the mouth of the Sognefjorden. The lake lies about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) north of the municipal center of Eivindvik. The lake flows out into the small Dingjaelva river, which runs past the village of Dingja before emptying into the Sognesjøen strait.

## InfoBox

| Dingevatn | |
| --- | --- |
| Dingevatnet | |
| View of the lake *(photo: Bjarne Thune)* | |
| DingevatnLocation of the lakeDingevatnDingevatn (Norway) | |
| Location | Gulen Municipality, Vestland |
| Coordinates | 61°02′10″N 5°05′16″E / 61.0360°N 5.0877°E / 61.0360; 5.0877 |
| Type | glacial lake |
| Primary inflows | Eikedalselva from Brossvikvatnet |
| Primary outflows | Dingjaelva |
| Catchment area | 27.47 km2 (10.61 sq mi) |
| Basin countries | Norway |
|  | |
| Max. length | 3 km (1.9 mi) |
| Max. width | 1.6 km (0.99 mi) |
| Surface area | 2.85 km2 (1.10 sq mi) |
| Average depth | 88 m (289 ft) |
| Max. depth | 220 m (720 ft) |
| Water volume | 0.251 km3 (0.060 cu mi) |
| Shore length1 | 14 km (8.7 mi) |
| Surface elevation | 26 m (85 ft) |
|  | |
| Islands | Øyna |
| Settlements | Dingja |
| References | NVE |
| 1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure. | |


title: Shrike-tyrant

abstract: The shrike-tyrants are a genus, Agriornis, of birds in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae. The members of this genus are found in open habitats in western and southern South America, usually at high elevations. They are large and heavy billed by tyrant-flycatcher standards, and include the largest representative of the family, the great shrike-tyrant. These five species all have a dull brownish or greyish plumage. Despite their name any similarity with the shrikes is superficial. Many field guides note their greater resemblance to thrushes.

text:
# Shrike-tyrant

The **shrike-tyrants** are a genus, ***Agriornis***, of birds in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae. The members of this genus are found in open habitats in western and southern South America, usually at high elevations. They are large and heavy billed by tyrant-flycatcher standards, and include the largest representative of the family, the great shrike-tyrant. These five species all have a dull brownish or greyish plumage. Despite their name any similarity with the shrikes is superficial. Many field guides note their greater (but also superficial) resemblance to thrushes.

## Species

The genus contains the following 5 species:

| Image | Common Name | Scientific name | Distribution |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Black-billed shrike-tyrant | *Agriornis montanus* | Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru |
|  | Lesser shrike-tyrant | *Agriornis murinus* | northern Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay. |
|  | White-tailed shrike-tyrant | *Agriornis albicauda* | Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru. |
|  | Grey-bellied shrike-tyrant | *Agriornis microptera* | Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. |
|  | Great shrike-tyrant | *Agriornis lividus* | Chile and adjacent areas of south-western Argentina. |
|

## InfoBox

| Shrike-tyrants | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Great shrike-tyrant, (Agriornis lividus) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Tyrannidae |
| Genus: | *Agriornis*
Gould, 1839 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Agriornis micropterus*
Gould, 1839 | |


abstract: Chennai Central–Ahmedabad Humsafar Express, also known as Ahmedabad Humsafar Express, is a 18 Coached partially air-conditioned version of Humsafar-type service running between Chennai Central and Ahmedabad Junction. It is one of the fastest train to connect Gujarat to Tamil Nadu, doing so in less than thirty hours. It is maintained by the Ahmedabad division of Western Railway (WR). In the up direction, from Ahmedabad to Chennai, the service runs with train number 22920 and in down direction, from Chennai to Ahmedabad, as train number 22919. The maiden run of the train was on 8 May 2017. It ran as Ahmedabad–Chennai Central Humsafar inaugural special express for the very first time and was flagged off by the then Railway Minister, Suresh Prabhu. Train no. 22920 leaves Ahmedabad Junction at 09:40 every Monday and arrives Chennai Central at 15:25 the next Tuesday. The return train 22919 leaves Chennai Central at 16:00 every Wednesday and arrives Ahmedabad Junction at 21:15 the next Thursday. Chennai-Ahmedabad Humsafar Express runs with an average speed of 59 km/h.

text:
# Chennai Central–Ahmedabad Humsafar Express

**Chennai Central–Ahmedabad *Humsafar Express***, also known as **Ahmedabad *Humsafar Express***, is a 18 Coached partially air-conditioned version of Humsafar-type service running between Chennai Central and Ahmedabad Junction. It is one of the fastest train to connect Gujarat to Tamil Nadu, doing so in less than thirty hours. It is maintained by the Ahmedabad division of Western Railway (WR). In the up direction, from Ahmedabad to Chennai, the service runs with train number 22920 and in down direction, from Chennai to Ahmedabad, as train number 22919.

The maiden run of the train was on 8 May 2017. It ran as Ahmedabad–Chennai Central Humsafar inaugural special express for the very first time and was flagged off by the then Railway Minister, Suresh Prabhu.

Train no. 22920 leaves Ahmedabad Junction at 09:40 every Monday and arrives Chennai Central at 15:25 the next Tuesday. The return train 22919 leaves Chennai Central at 16:00 every Wednesday and arrives Ahmedabad Junction at 21:15 the next Thursday. Chennai-Ahmedabad Humsafar Express runs with an average speed of 59 km/h.

## Locomotive

It is hauled by a Vadodara loco shed-based WAP-7 loco end to end.

## Coach composition

Pure LHB coach in red-grey Rajdhani livery, manufactured in India, are used for this train. Humsafar vinyl or wallpaper pasting is done on the AC-3 Tier coaches to give the humsafar livery. The service was launched with fifteen AC-3 Tier and one Pantry Car. The AC-3 tier coaches were designed by Indian Railways with LED screen display to show information about stations, train speed etc. It is planned to have announcement system, vending machines for tea, coffee and milk, and bio toilets in compartments as well as CCTV cameras.

The service consists of 10 Third AC (3A), 6 Sleeper Class (SL), 1 Seating cum Luggage Rake and 1 Generator car luggage car guard van, hence, a total of 18 coaches. As is customary with most train services in India, the coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand. Maximum 1–2 extra coaches may be added to clear extra rush during holidays. In September 2019, sleeper coaches were added to the train.

|  | Loco | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 22919 | | | EOG | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 | B10 | B9 | B8 | B7 | B6 | B5 | B4 | B3 | B2 | B1 | SLR |
| 22920 |  | SLR | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | B8 | B9 | B10 | S6 | S5 | S4 | S3 | S2 | S1 | EOG |

## Route and halts

The schedule of Chennai Central – Ahmedabad Humsafar Express is given below:-

| *MAS - ADI Humsafar Express* | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 22919 | | Stations | 22920 | |
| **Arrival** | **Departure** | | **Arrival** | **Departure** |
| -NIL- | 16:00 | **Chennai Central** | 15:25 | -NIL- |
| 18:30 | 18:35 | Renigunta Junction | 12:15 | 12:20 |
| 23:25 | 23:30 | Guntakal Junction | 07:00 | 07:10 |
| 01:18 | 01:20 | Raichur | 04:43 | 04:45 |
| 03:57 | 04:00 | Kalaburagi | 06:35 | 06:40 |
| 06:35 | 06:40 | Solapur Junction | 00:15 | 00:20 |
| 10:55 | 11:05 | Pune Junction | 20:10 | 20:15 |
| 13:22 | 13:25 | Kalyan Junction | 16:52 | 16:55 |
| 14:20 | 14:25 | Vasai Road | 15:52 | 15:57 |
| 14:54 | 14:56 | Palghar | 15:15 | 15:17 |
| 16:52 | 16:55 | Surat | 13:07 | 13:12 |
| 18:33 | 18:38 | Vadodara Junction | 11:10 | 11:15 |
| 19:10 | 19:12 | Anand Junction | 10:34 | 10:36 |
| 21:15 | -NIL- | **Ahmedabad Junction** | -NIL- | 09:40 |

1. Singh, Sandeep (3 May 2017). "Humsafar Express Trains Introduced On Ahmedabad-Chennai Route". *NDTV*. ndtv convergence limited. Retrieved 4 July 2023. The new weekly service from Ahmedabad to Chennai will be available from May 8, 2017
2. "Press Release — INTRODUCTION OF WEEKLY HUMSAFAR EXPRESS BETWEEN AHMEDABAD AND CHENNAI". *Central Railway*. 2 May 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
3. Anbuselvam, B (19 September 2019). "Sleeper coaches in Humsafar Express to cost 15% higher". *The New Indian Express*. Retrieved 4 July 2023. the base fare of yet to be attached sleeper class in Chennai - Ahmedabad Humsafar will be Rs 770 per berth
4. "22919/Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G. Ramachandran Central Railway Station - Ahmedabad Junction Humsafar Express". *India Rail Info*.
5. "22920/Ahmedabad Junction - Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G. Ramachandran Central Railway Station Humsafar Express". *India Rail Info*.

## InfoBox

| MGR Chennai Central - Ahmedabad Jn.
*Humsafar Express* | |
| --- | --- |
| An AC-3 Tier coach of Chennai Central-Ahmedabad Humsafar Express at Ahmedabad Junction | |
| Overview | |
| Service type | Humsafar Express |
| Status | Operational |
| Locale | Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Gujarat |
| First service | 8 May 2017 (2017-05-08) |
| Current operator(s) | Western Railway zone of Indian Railways |
| Route | |
| Termini | Chennai Central (**MAS**)
Ahmedabad Junction (**ADI**) |
| Stops | 12 |
| Distance travelled | 1,727 km (1,073 mi) |
| Average journey time | 29 hours, 30 min |
| Service frequency | Weekly |
| Train number(s) | 22919 / 22920 |
| Line(s) used |  |
| On-board services | |
| Class(es) | AC 3 Tier, Sleeper class |
| Disabled access |  |
| Sleeping arrangements | Couchette car (Bedroll and Linen is provided in AC 3 Tier) |
| Catering facilities | On-board catering available |
| Observation facilities | Large windows in all carriages |
| Baggage facilities | Underseat |
| Other facilities | * Smoke alarms * CCTV cameras * Baby changing table * Odour-control system * Passenger information system |
| Technical | |
| Rolling stock | LHB coach |
| Track gauge | 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge |
| Operating speed | 130 km/h (81 mph) (top operating speed)
59 km/h (37 mph) (average including halts) |
|  | |


title: Theorem of absolute purity

abstract:
In algebraic geometry, the theorem of absolute (cohomological) purity is an important theorem in the theory of étale cohomology. It states: given
  - a regular scheme X over some base scheme,
  - i : Z → X a closed immersion of a regular scheme of pure codimension r,
  - an integer n that is invertible on the base scheme,
  - F a locally constant étale sheaf with finite stalks and values in Z / n Z, for each integer m ≥ 0, the map
  - H m  → H Z m + 2 r  is bijective, where the map is induced by cup product with c r. The theorem was introduced in SGA 5 Exposé I, § 3.1.4. as an open problem. Later, Thomason proved it for large n and Gabber in general.

text:
# Theorem of absolute purity

In algebraic geometry, the **theorem of absolute (cohomological) purity** is an important theorem in the theory of étale cohomology. It states: given

* a regular scheme *X* over some base scheme,
* $i:Z\to X$ a closed immersion of a regular scheme of pure codimension *r*,
* an integer *n* that is invertible on the base scheme,
* $\mathcal {F}$ a locally constant étale sheaf with finite stalks and values in $\mathbb {Z} /n\mathbb {Z} $,

for each integer $m\geq 0$, the map

$$\operatorname {H} ^{m}(Z\_{\text{ét};{\mathcal {F})\to \operatorname {H} \_{Z}^{m+2r}(X\_{\text{ét};{\mathcal {F}(r))}}}}$$

is bijective, where the map is induced by cup product with $c\_{r}(Z)$.

The theorem was introduced in SGA 5 Exposé I, § 3.1.4. as an open problem. Later, Thomason proved it for large *n* and Gabber in general.

* Fujiwara, K.: A proof of the absolute purity conjecture (after Gabber). Algebraic geometry 2000, Azumino (Hotaka), pp. 153–183, Adv. Stud. Pure Math. 36, Math. Soc. Japan, Tokyo, 2002
* R. W. Thomason, Absolute cohomological purity, Bull. Soc. Math. France 112 (1984), no. 3, 397–406. MR 794741