title: Ronald B. Smith

abstract: Ronald Bromley Smith was an American mechanical and consulting engineer, business executive with the Elliott Company and later with M. W. Kellogg Co., now KBR, Inc., and inventor. He is known as 82nd president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1963–1964.

text:
# Ronald B. Smith

**Ronald Bromley Smith** (October 28, 1907 – August 4, 1984) was an American mechanical and consulting engineer, business executive with the Elliott Company and later with M. W. Kellogg Co., now KBR, Inc., and inventor. He is known as 82nd president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1963–1964.

## Biography

### Youth and early career

Smith was born in New London, Connecticut in 1907, son of Isaac B. Smith and Emma L. (Stone) Smith. He obtained his BSc cum laude from the University of Washington in 1931 and his MSc from the University of Pittsburgh in 1937. In 1936 he had done graduate work at the University of Michigan.

In 1930 Smith had started his career in the industry at Westinghouse Electric, and in 1936 he moved to the Elliott Company in Jeannette, Pennsylvania. In 1938 he presented one of his first remarkable papers on a congress on steam-turbine calculation. His work got noticed because he had approached the reheat problem from the analytical standpoint."

By 1943 Smith was appointed director of Research and Development at Elliott Company, and by 1946 he had been promoted Director and Vice President. The research activities in those days concerned the "development of new types of power plant and process machinery, such as : gas turbines, gas and air compressors, turbo-expanders, air reduction and gas separation, heat exchange, deaerating heaters, centrifugal and axial flow blowers, superchargers..."

### Further career, honours and awards

In 1948, Smith joined the engineering staff of The M. W. Kellogg Co. as expert in "gas turbines, superchargers, condensers, oxygen plants and power machinery in general." He had been hired by CEO Morris Kellogg personally, who was acquainted with several significant technical development achievements Smith had realized during the war. By 1950, Smith was promoted to director of engineering, in 1960, vice-president, and in 1965, senior vice-president of the M. W. Kellogg Company just before his retirement in 1962. Afterwards he started his own private consulting practice.

In 1944 Ronald B. Smith had been awarded with Richard Söderberg the Captain Joseph H. Linnard prize for "best paper contributed to the proceedings of the Society" by the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. In 1962 Smith was elected 82nd president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers for the year 1963–64. In 1964 he was awarded the honorary degree of engineering by the Worcester Polytechnic Institute. And in 1979 Smith was elected Honorary Member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

In the 1940s Smith had settled in East Orange, New Jersey, and in the 1960s he had moved to Old Greenwich, Connecticut.

## Selected publications

* Smith, Ronald Bromley. "Thermal problems in the mechanical design of steam turbines." *Journal of the Franklin Institute* 220.5 (1935): 573–613.
* R.B. Smith. "The calculation of steam-turbine reheat factors." *Trans. ASME* (1938).
* C. Richard Soderberg, & Ronald B. Smith. "The Gas Turbine as a Possible Prime Mover," *Soc. of Naval Arch, and Marine Eng.,* Paper No. Paper No. 5, 1943. p. 115-155
* C. R. Soderberg, R. B. Smith, and A. T. Scott, "A Marine Gas Turbine Plant," *Trans. Naval Architects and Marine Engineers,* USA, Vol. 53, (1945). 249-289

Patents, a selection


title: Encyclopedia Titanica

abstract: Encyclopedia Titanica is an online reference work containing extensive and constantly updated information on the RMS Titanic. The website, a nonprofit endeavor, is a database of passenger and crew biographies, deck plans, and articles submitted by historians or Titanic enthusiasts. In 1999, The New York Times noted that the site "may be the most comprehensive Titanic site", based on its content including passenger lists and ship plans. The Chicago Tribune called it "a marvelously detailed Internet site."

text:
# Encyclopedia Titanica

***Encyclopedia Titanica*** is an online reference work containing extensive and constantly updated information on the RMS *Titanic*. The website, a nonprofit endeavor, is a database of passenger and crew biographies, deck plans, and articles submitted by historians or *Titanic* enthusiasts. In 1999, *The New York Times* noted that the site "may be the most comprehensive *Titanic* site", based on its content including passenger lists and ship plans. The *Chicago Tribune* called it "a marvelously detailed Internet site."

## History

*Encyclopedia Titanica* was founded by Philip Hind. The website first went online on the 1st September 1996. By March 1999, the website had received 600,000 hits.

As of 2024, the website has over 2 million visits and 8.5 million page views.

## Content

*Encyclopedia Titanica* contains a wide range of information about the ship, her passengers and a variety of related subjects. Each passenger and crew member has a separate page containing at least basic biographical data, and many of these contain detailed biographies, photographs and contemporary news articles. The site also contains original research by professional and amateur *Titanic* historians from all parts of the world.

*Encyclopedia Titanica* also contains an active message board with (as of November 2012) over 11,700 members and 300,000 messages. Among the topics of discussion on the message board are the following:

You can download Research Articles done by the community and access the 'People Database' at the price of £12 per year

## InfoBox

*Encyclopedia Titanica*
| Type of site | Internet encyclopedia<br>Reference for the RMS *Titanic* |
| --- | --- |
| Available in | English |
| Created by | Philip Hind |
| Founder(s) | Philip Hind |
| URL | www.encyclopedia-titanica.org |
| Commercial | No |
| Registration | Optional |
| Launched | September 1, 1996 (1996-09-01) |
| Current status | Active |


title: Tom Tully (writer)

abstract: Tom Tully was a noted British comic writer, mostly of sports and action-adventure stories. He was the longest-running writer of the popular football-themed strip Roy of the Rovers, which he wrote for much of Roy Race's playing career until the weekly comic closed in 1993. Other notable strips penned by Tully included The Steel Claw, The House of Dolmann, The Incredible Adventures of Janus Stark, The Leopard from Lime Street, The Robo Machines, and Harlem Heroes. During his three-decade career, Tully wrote exclusively for what became known as the IPC line of publishers: Amalgamated Press/Odhams/Longacre Press/Fleetway/IPC Magazines.

text:
# Tom Tully (writer)

**Tom Tully** (died 2013) was a noted British comic writer, mostly of sports and action-adventure stories. He was the longest-running writer of the popular football-themed strip *Roy of the Rovers*, which he wrote for much of Roy Race's playing career until the weekly comic closed in 1993. Other notable strips penned by Tully included *The Steel Claw*, *The House of Dolmann*, *The Incredible Adventures of Janus Stark*, *The Leopard from Lime Street*, *The Robo Machines*, and *Harlem Heroes*. During his three-decade career, Tully wrote exclusively for what became known as the IPC line of publishers: Amalgamated Press/Odhams/Longacre Press/Fleetway/IPC Magazines.

## Biography

Tom Tully was born in Glasgow, but grew up in Reading, Berkshire (where he became a supporter of Newcastle United). He worked as a telephone operator for the Royal Air Force as part of his national service. After a series of civil service jobs and earning a diploma in writing for children, he embarked on a freelance writing career. His first sale was at age 25 — a Buck Rogers story.

From 1963 to 1970, Tully was the principal writer on *The Steel Claw* for *Valiant* with artist Jesús Blasco, taking over for the fourth serial from Ken Bulmer, and later returning from 1971 to 1973 for the sequel strip, *Return of the Claw*. In the early 1960s, he wrote *Heros the Spartan* with art by Frank Bellamy for *Eagle*. Another one of his most notable strips for *Valiant* was *The Wild Wonders*, drawn by Mike Western, about a pair of wild boys, brought up by animals, who turn out to be fantastic athletes. He also worked on *Kelly's Eye* and *Janus Stark* (both with Francisco Solano López) in the 1960s.

Tully wrote his first scripts for *Roy of the Rovers* in 1969, and wrote the comic sporadically until 1974 when he was given the permanent job as lead writer, a position he held for nearly 20 years. During that time, the strip moved from *Tiger* to its own self-titled comic.

In the 1970s and '80s, Tully worked on *Johnny Red* for *Battle Picture Weekly*. He worked on many *2000 AD* projects including *Dan Dare*, and the sports-related *Harlem Heroes* and *Mean Arena*. He also created *The Mind of Wolfie Smith* for *Tornado*, which later transferred to *2000 AD*.

Tom also wrote three cricket-themed short novels in 1986 and 1987 - The Magnificent 11 (ISBN-10 0583309216, ISBN-13 978-0583309219), Dangerous Game, and Showdown at Seabank (ISBN-10 0583309224, ISBN-13 978-0583309226). These books followed the adventures of a young teenager Terry Mason and his friends who started their own cricket club after losing a season at their school. The first and last book are available, however Dangerous Game appears very difficult to find.

Tully wrote the *Roy of the Rovers* strip until the main comic's demise in 1993, with the final incident of Roy's playing career coming when he lost control of his helicopter and crashed into a field. After the closure of *Roy of the Rovers*, Tully had very few comics credits. He retired to Wiltshire in the West Country.

He died in Autumn 2013.

## Bibliography

Comics work includes:

### Action/adventure strips

### Sporting strips

### Citations

1. Tully author page, Simon and Schuster website. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
2. Steve Holland, Mike Western (1925-2008), Bear Alley, 20 May 2008
3. Scones, Paul. "ERRATA (1964-1979," *THE COMIC STRIP COMPANION: A GUIDE TO DOCTOR WHO IN COMICS* website. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
4. "Garth Ennis And Keith Burns Revive 'Johnny Red' At Titan". *ComicsAlliance*. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
5. Acton, P.; Jarman, C. M. (1994), *Roy of the Rovers: The Playing Years*, Queen Anne Press, ISBN 978-1-85291-548-3, p. 214.
6. Tom Tully, DanDare.info. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
7. *Mytek the Mighty*, International catalog of superheroes, consulted on April 8th, 2021.
8. Ian Wheeler, Mike Western remembered Archived 2011-10-15 at the Wayback Machine, Down The Tubes, 21 May 2008
9. "A Brief History of Johnny Red". *Falcon Squadron*. 22 February 2010. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
10. The Team that Went to War Archived 2012-03-21 at the Wayback Machine at Captain Hurricane's Best of Battle

### Sources

* Tom Tully at the official Roy of the Rovers site

## InfoBox

| Tom Tully | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Thomas Tully
Glasgow, Scotland, UK |
| Died | 2013
U.K. |
| Nationality | British |
| Area(s) | Writer |
| Notable works | *Roy of the Rovers*
*The Steel Claw*
*Kelly's Eye*
*Johnny Red*
*The Leopard from Lime Street* |
| Collaborators | Francisco Solano López, Eric Bradbury, Mike Western, Joe Colquhoun, Dave Gibbons |


title: Runner (song)

abstract: "The Runner", also called simply "Runner", is a song written by Canadian rock musician Ian Thomas and released in 1981 on his album of the same name. Inspired by the story of Terry Fox, "The Runner" was covered by French singer Sheila later that year, but its most famous rendition was recorded by Manfred Mann's Earth Band, a British band known for making hits of reworked cover songs, and released as a single in 1984, shortly before that year's Summer Olympics. The timing of the Manfred Mann's Earth Band version made it a success, and it reached number 22 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States.

text:
# Runner (song)

"**The Runner**", also called simply "**Runner**", is a song written by Canadian rock musician Ian Thomas and released in 1981 on his album of the same name. Inspired by the story of Terry Fox, "The Runner" was covered by French singer Sheila later that year, but its most famous rendition was recorded by Manfred Mann's Earth Band, a British band known for making hits of reworked cover songs, and released as a single in 1984, shortly before that year's Summer Olympics. The timing of the Manfred Mann's Earth Band version made it a success, and it reached number 22 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 in the United States.

## Ian Thomas's version

Ian Thomas is a Canadian singer, songwriter and musician, whose songs have been successfully covered by several other artists.

Thomas was inspired to write "The Runner" by the story of Terry Fox, a Canadian athlete who lost a leg to cancer and attempted to run with his prosthetic leg from the East Coast of Canada in Newfoundland and Labrador to the West Coast in British Columbia, but was forced to stop in Ontario due to medical concerns when cancer had been discovered in both of his lungs. Fox died in 1981. Thomas said that in making the song he "wanted to capture that gallantry, the importance of passing on the flame".

His version was included in *The Terry Fox Story*, a 1983 docudrama about Fox.

## Manfred Mann's Earth Band version

The timing on the Manfred Mann's Earth Band version was especially good, as it came out right before the 1984 Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles, prompting especially heavy play. Trevor Rabin, at that time the guitarist of the progressive rock band Yes, played the guitar solo on this track.

The video for this version, directed by Lindsey Clennell, received heavy airplay on MTV. In it, the band performs near a campfire at night (shot on a soundstage), interspersed with video of runners racing or carrying the Olympic flame, much of which was footage shot for the previous Summer Olympics in 1972 and 1976. A 12-second sequence focused on American sprinter Robert Taylor, along with other parts from the 100 metres in Munich.

This version of the song was used in the movie *The Philadelphia Experiment* (1984).

The song was included on the American release of their album *Somewhere in Afrika* (1984). With the 1998 series of remastered reissues, the song was instead appended to the reissue of *Criminal Tango*. It was also included on the compilations *The Best of Manfred Mann's Earth Band Re-Mastered*, *Odds & Sods – Mis-takes & Out-takes*, the *Leftovers* disc of the *40th Anniversary* box set and the deluxe edition of *Mannthology*.

The single edit (which fades early) is rarer on CD, having only been reissued on *The Complete Greatest Hits of Manfred Mann* and the 50th anniversary release *Mannthology*.

### Track listing

* **7" single**

A. "Runner" (7" version) – 3:50 B. "No Transkei" 2:35 * **12" single**

A. "Runner" (12" version) – 4:40 B. "No Transkei" 2:35 C. "Lies (Through the 80s)" 4:34

Both B-sides are taken from the Budapest Live concerts, although "No Transkei" (re-titled second part of the "Africa Suite") was originally only available on the cassette of the album. US releases retained the title "Where Do They Send Them", which had already been used on the *Budapest Live* cassette. (The studio recording was called "To Bantustan?")

| Chart (1983-84) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada *RPM* | 34 |
| U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100 | 22 |
|

### Personnel

#### Musicians

#### Technical

* Manfred Mann – producer
* Lars Finnstrom – engineer
* Terry Medhurst – engineer

## InfoBox

| "Runner" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Manfred Mann's Earth Band | |
| from the album  *Somewhere in Afrika* | |
| B-side | "No Transkei" |
| Released | 1984 |
| Recorded | 1981–82 |
| Studio | Mastersounds Underhill Studio, London |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 4:40 |
| Label | Bronze (UK original release)
Cohesion (UK 1999 reissue)
Arista (U.S.) |
| Songwriter(s) | Ian Thomas |
| Producer(s) | Manfred Mann |
| Manfred Mann's Earth Band singles chronology | |
| "Demolition Man"
(1983) "**Runner**"
(1984) "Do Anything You Wanna Do"
(1986) | |


title: Cochoapa el Grande (municipality)

abstract: Cochoapa el Grande is a municipality in the Mexican state of Guerrero. The municipal seat lies at Cochoapa el Grande. As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 15,572. It is one of the newer municipalities of Guerrero, formed on June 13, 2003

text:
# Cochoapa el Grande (municipality)

**Cochoapa el Grande**  is a municipality in the Mexican state of Guerrero. The municipal seat lies at Cochoapa el Grande. As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 15,572. It is one of the newer municipalities of Guerrero, formed on June 13, 2003

## InfoBox

| Cochoapa el Grande | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Cochoapa el GrandeLocation in Mexico | |
| Coordinates: 17°12′N 98°27′W / 17.200°N 98.450°W / 17.200; -98.450 | |
| Country | Mexico |
| State | Guerrero |
| Municipal seat | Cochoapa el Grande |
| Population (2005) | |
| Total | 15,572 |


title: Storage effect

abstract: The storage effect is a coexistence mechanism proposed in the ecological theory of species coexistence, which tries to explain how such a wide variety of similar species are able to coexist within the same ecological community or guild. The storage effect was originally proposed in the 1980s to explain coexistence in diverse communities of coral reef fish, however it has since been generalized to cover a variety of ecological communities. The theory proposes one way for multiple species to coexist: in a changing environment, no species can be the best under all conditions. Instead, each species must have a unique response to varying environmental conditions, and a way of buffering against the effects of bad years. The storage effect gets its name because each population "stores" the gains in good years or microhabitats (patches) to help it survive population losses in bad years or patches. One strength of this theory is that, unlike most coexistence mechanisms, the storage effect can be measured and quantified, with units of per-capita growth rate. The storage effect can be caused by both temporal and spatial variation. The temporal storage effect occurs when species benefit from changes in year-to-year environmental patterns, while the spatial storage effect occurs when species benefit from variation in microhabitats across a landscape.

text:
# Storage effect

The **storage effect** is a coexistence mechanism proposed in the ecological theory of species coexistence, which tries to explain how such a wide variety of similar species are able to coexist within the same ecological community or guild. The storage effect was originally proposed in the 1980s to explain coexistence in diverse communities of coral reef fish, however it has since been generalized to cover a variety of ecological communities. The theory proposes one way for multiple species to coexist: in a changing environment, no species can be the best under all conditions. Instead, each species must have a unique response to varying environmental conditions, and a way of buffering against the effects of bad years. The storage effect gets its name because each population "stores" the gains in good years or microhabitats (patches) to help it survive population losses in bad years or patches. One strength of this theory is that, unlike most coexistence mechanisms, the storage effect can be measured and quantified, with units of per-capita growth rate (offspring per adult per generation).

The storage effect can be caused by both temporal and spatial variation. The temporal storage effect (often referred to as simply "the storage effect") occurs when species benefit from changes in year-to-year environmental patterns, while the spatial storage effect occurs when species benefit from variation in microhabitats across a landscape.

## The concept

For the storage effect to operate, it requires variation (i.e. fluctuations) in the environment and thus can be termed a "fluctuation-dependent mechanism". This variation can come from a large degree of factors, including resource availability, temperature, and predation levels. However, for the storage effect to function, this variation must change the birth, survival, or recruitment rate of species from year to year (or patch to patch).

For competing species within the same community to coexist, they have to meet one fundamental requirement: the impact of competition from a species on itself must exceed its competitive impact on other species. In other words, intraspecific competition must exceed interspecific competition. For example, jackrabbits living in the same area compete for food and nesting grounds. Such competition within the same species is called intraspecific competition, which limits the growth of the species itself. Members from different species can also compete. For instance, jackrabbits and cottontail rabbits also compete for food and nesting grounds. Competition between different species is called interspecific competition, which limits the growth of other species. Stable coexistence occurs when any one species in the community limits its own growth more strongly than the growth of others.

The storage effect mixes three essential ingredients to assemble a community of competing species that fulfill the requirement. They are 1) correlation between the quality of an environment and the amount of competition experienced by a population in that environment (i.e. covariance between environment and competition), 2) differences in species response to the same environment (i.e. species-specific environmental responses), and 3) the ability of a population to diminish the impact of competition under worsening environment (i.e. buffered population growth). Each ingredient is described in detail below with an explanation why the combination of the three leads to species coexistence.

### Covariance between environment and competition

The growth of a population can be strongly influenced by the environment it experiences. An environment consists of not only physical elements such as resource abundance, temperature, and level of physical disturbance, but also biological elements such as the abundance of natural enemies and mutualists. Usually organisms reproduce more in a favorable environment (i.e. either during a good year, or within a good patch), build up their population densities, and lead themselves to a high level of competition due to this increasing crowding. Such a trend means that higher quality environments usually correlate with a higher strength of competition experienced by the organisms in those environments. In short, a better environment results in stronger competition. In statistics, such correlation means that there will be a non-zero covariance between the change of population density in response to the environment and that to the competition. That is why the first ingredient is called "covariance between environment and competition".

### Species-specific environmental responses

Covariance between environment and competition suggests that organisms experience the strongest competition under their optimal environmental conditions because their populations grow most rapidly in those conditions. In nature, we often find that different species from the same community respond to the same conditions in distinctive manners. For example, plant species have different preferred levels of light and water availability, which affect their germination and physical growth rates. Such differences in their response to the environment, which is called "species-specific environmental response," means no two species from a community will have the same best environment in a given year or a given patch. As a result, when a species is under its optimal environmental conditions and thus experiencing the strongest intraspecific competition, other species from the same community only experience the strongest interspecific competition coming from that species, but not the strongest intraspecific competition coming from themselves.

### Buffered population growth

A population can decline when environmental conditions worsen and when competition intensifies. If a species cannot limit the impact of competition in a hostile environment, its population will crash, and it will become locally extinct. Marvelously, in nature organisms are often able to slow down the rate of population decline in a hostile environment by alleviating the impact of competition. In doing so, they are able to set up a lower limit on the rate of their population decline. This phenomenon is called "buffered population growth", which occurs under a variety of situations. Under the temporal storage effect, it can be accomplished by the adults of a species having long life spans, which are relatively unaffected by environmental stressors. For example, an adult tree is unlikely to be killed by a few weeks of drought or a single night of freezing temperatures, whereas a seedling may not survive these conditions. Even if all seedlings are killed by bad environmental conditions, the long-lived adults are able to keep the overall population from crashing. Moreover, the adults usually adopt strategies such as dormancy or hibernation under a hostile environment, which make them less sensitive to competition, and allows them to buffer against the double blades of the hostile environment and competition from their rivals. For a different example, buffered population growth is attained by annual plants with a persistent seed bank. Thanks to these long-lived seeds, the entire population cannot be destroyed by a single bad year. Moreover, the seeds stay dormant under unfavorable environmental conditions, avoiding direct competition with rivals who are favored by the same environment, and thus diminish the impact of competition in bad years. There are some temporal situations in which buffered population growth is not expected to occur. Namely, when multiple generations do not overlap (such as Labord's chameleon) or when adults have a high mortality rate (such as many aquatic insects, or some populations of the Eastern Fence Lizard), buffered growth does not occur. Under the spatial storage effect, buffered population growth is generally automatic, because the effects of a detrimental microhabitat will only be experienced by individuals in that area, rather than the population as a whole.

### Outcome

The combined effect of (1) covariance between environment and competition, and (2) species-specific response to the environment decouple the strongest intraspecific and interspecific competition experienced by a species. Intraspecific competition is strongest when a species is favored by the environment, whereas interspecific competition is strongest when its rivals are favored. After this decoupling, buffered population growth limits the impact of interspecific competition when a species is not favored by the environment. As a consequence, the impact of intraspecific competition on the species favored by a particular environment exceeds that of the interspecific competition on species less favored by that environment. We see that the fundamental requirement for species coexistence is fulfilled and thus storage effect is able to maintain stable coexistence in a community of competing species.

For species to coexist in a community, all species must be able to recover from low density. Not surprisingly, being a coexistence mechanism, the storage effect helps species when they become rare. It does so by making the abundant species’ effect on itself greater than its effect on the rare species. The difference between species’ response to environmental conditions means that a rare species’ optimal environment is not the same as its competitors. Under these conditions, the rare species will experience low levels of interspecific competition. Because the rare species itself is rare, it will experience little impact from intraspecific competition as well, even at its highest possible levels of intraspecific competition. Free from the impact of competition, the rare species is able to make gains in these good years or patches. Moreover, thanks to the buffered population growth, the rare species is able to survive the bad years or patches by "storing" the gains from the good years/patches. As a result, the population of any rare species is able to grow due to the storage effect.

One natural outcome from the covariance between environment and competition is that the species with very low densities will have more fluctuation in its recruitment rates than species with normal densities. This occurs because in good environments, species with high densities will often experience large amount of crowding by members of the same species, thus limiting the benefits of good years/patches, and making good years/patches more similar to bad years/patches. Low-density species are rarely able to cause crowding, thus allowing significantly increased fitness in good years/patches. Since the fluctuation in recruitment rate is an indicator of covariance between environment and competition, and since species-specific environmental response and buffered population growth can normally be assumed in nature, finding much stronger fluctuation in recruitment rates in rare and low-density species provides a strong indication that the storage effect is operating within a community.

## Mathematical formulation

The storage effect is not a model for population growth (such as the Lotka–Volterra equation) itself, but is an effect that appears in non-additive models of population growth. Thus, the equations shown below will work for any arbitrary model of population growth, but will only be as accurate as the original model. The derivation below is taken from Chesson 1994. It is a derivation of the temporal storage effect, but is very similar to the spatial storage effect.

The fitness of an individual, as well as expected growth rate, can be measured in terms of the average number of offspring it will leave during its lifetime. This parameter, *r*(*t*), is a function of both environmental factors, *e*(*t*), and how much the organism must compete with other individuals (both of its own species, and different species), *c*(*t*). Thus,

$$r(t)=g(e(t),c(t))\\,$$

where *g* is an arbitrary function for growth rate. Throughout the article, subscripts are occasionally used to represent functions of a particular species (e.g. *r* *j*(*t*) is the fitness of species *j*). It is assumed that there must be some values *e\** and *c\**, such that *g*(*e*\*, *c*\*) = 0, representing a zero-population growth equilibrium. These values need not be unique, but for every *e\**, there is a unique *c\**. For ease of calculation, standard parameters *E*(*t*) and *C*(*t*) are defined, such that

$$E(t)=g(e(t),c^{\*})\\,$$

$$C(t)=-g(e^{\*},c(t))\\,$$

Both *E* and *C* represent the effect of deviations in environmental response from equilibrium. *E* represents the effect that varying environmental conditions (e.g. rainfall patterns, temperature, food availability, etc.) have on fitness, in the absence of abnormal competitive effects. For the storage effect to occur, the environmental response for each species must be unique (i.e. *E* *j*(*t*)  *E* *i*(*t*) when *j*  *i*). *C*(*t*) represents how much average fitness is lowered as a result of competition. For example, if there is more rain during a given year, *E*(*t*) will likely increase. If more plants begin to bloom, and thus compete for that rain, then *C*(*t*) will increase as well. Because *e\** and *c\** are not unique, *E*(*t*) and *C*(*t*) are not unique, and thus one should choose them as conveniently as possible. Under most conditions (see Chesson 1994), *r*(*t*) can be approximated as

$$r(t)=E(t)-C(t)+\gamma E(t)C(t)\\,$$

where

$$\gamma ={\frac {\partial ^{2}r}{\partial E\\,\partial C}}$$

*γ* represents the nonadditivity of growth rates. If *γ* = 0 (known as additivity) it means that the impact of competition on fitness does not change with the environment. If *γ* \> 0 (superadditivity), it means that the adverse effects of competition during a bad year are relatively worse than during a good year. In other words, a population suffers more from competition in bad years than in good years. If *γ* \< 0 (subadditivity, or buffered population growth), it means that the harm done by competition during a bad year is relatively minor when compared to a good year. In other words, the population is able to diminish the impact of competition as the environment worsens. As stated above, for the storage effect to contribute to species coexistence, we must have buffered population growth (i.e. it must be the case that *γ* \< 0).

The long-term average of the above equation is

$$\bar {r}={\bar {E}-{\bar {C}+\gamma ({\bar {E}{\bar {C}+{\text{Cov}(E(t),C(t)))\\,}}}}}$$

which, under environments with sufficient variation relative to mean effects, can be approximated as

$$\bar {r}\approx {\bar {E}-{\bar {C}+\gamma {\text{Cov}(E(t),C(t))}}}$$

For any effect to act as a coexistence mechanism, it must boost the average fitness of an individual when they are at below-normal population density. Otherwise, a species at low density (known as an \`invader') will continue to dwindle, and this negative feedback will cause its extinction. When a species is at equilibrium (known as a \`resident'), its average long-term fitness must be 0. For a species to recover from low density, its average fitness must be greater than 0. For the remainder of the text, we refer to functions of the invader with the subscript *i*, and to the resident with the subscript *r*.

A long-term average growth rate of an invader is often written as

$$\bar {r\_{i}=\Delta E-\Delta C+\Delta I\\,}$$

where,

$$\Delta E={\bar {E\_{i}-\sum \_{i\neq r}q\_{ir}{\bar {E\_{r}\\,}}}}$$

$$\Delta C={\bar {C\_{i}-\sum \_{i\neq r}q\_{ir}{\bar {C\_{r}\\,}}}}$$

and, ΔI, the storage effect,

$$\Delta I=\gamma \_{i}{\text{Cov}(E\_{i},C\_{i})-\sum \_{i\neq r}q\_{ir}\gamma \_{r}{\text{Cov}(E\_{r},C\_{r})\\,}}$$

where

$$q\_{ir}={\frac {\partial C\_{i}{\partial C\_{r}}}}$$

In this equation, *q**ir* tells us how much the competition experienced by *r* affects the competition experienced by *i*.

The biological meaning of the storage effect is expressed in the mathematical form of ΔI. The first term of the expression is covariance between environment and competition (Cov(*E* *C*)), scaled by a factor representing buffered population growth (*γ*). The difference between the first term and the second term represents the difference in species responses to the environment between the invader and the sum of the residents, scaled by the effect each resident has on the invader (*q**ir*).

## Predation

Recent work has extended what is known about the storage effect to include apparent competition (i.e., competition mediated through a shared predator).

These models showed that generalist predators can undermine the benefits of the storage effect that from competition. This occurs because generalist predators depress population levels by eating individuals. When this happens, there are fewer individuals competing for resources. As a result, relatively abundant species are less constrained by competition for resource in favorable years (i.e., the covariance between environment and competition is weakened), and therefore the storage effect from competition is weakened. This conclusion follows the general trend that the introduction of a generalist predator will often weaken other competition-based coexistence mechanisms, and which result in competitive exclusion.

Additionally, certain types of predators can produce a storage effect from predation. This effect has been shown for frequency-dependent predators, who are more likely to attack prey that are abundant, and for generalist pathogens, who cause outbreaks when prey are abundant. When prey species are especially numerous and active, frequency-dependent predators become more active, and pathogens outbreaks become more severe (i.e., there was a positive covariance between the environment and predation, analogous to the covariance between the environment and competition). As a result, abundant species are limited during their best years by high predation – an effect that is analogous to the storage effect from competition.

## Empirical studies

The first empirical study that tested the requirements of the storage effect was done by Pake and Venable, who looked at three desert annual plants. They experimentally manipulated density and water availability over a two-year period, and found that fitness and germination rates varied greatly from year to year, and over different environmental conditions. This shows that each species has a unique environmental response, and implied that likely there is a covariance between environment and competition. This, combined with the buffered population growth that is a product of a long-lived seed bank, showed that a temporal storage effect was probably an important factor in mediating coexistence. This study was also important, because it showed that variation in germination conditions could be a major factor promoting species coexistence.

The first attempt made at quantifying the temporal storage effect was by Carla Cáceres in 1997. Using 30 years of water-column data from Oneida Lake, New York, she studied the effect the storage effect had on two species of plankton (Daphnia galeata mendotae and *D. pulicaria*). These species of plankton lay diapausing eggs which, much like the seeds of annual plants, lay dormant in the sediment for many years before hatching. Cáceres found that the size of reproductive bouts were fairly uncorrelated between the two species. She also found, in the absence of the storage effect, D. galeata mendotae would have gone extinct. She was unable to measure certain important parameters (such as the rate of egg predation), but found that her results were robust to a wide range of estimates.

The first test of the spatial storage effect was done by Sears and Chesson in the desert area east of Portal, Arizona. Using a common neighbor-removal experiment, they examined whether coexistence between two annual plants, Erodium cicutarium and Phacelia popeii, was due to the spatial storage effect or resource partitioning. The storage effect was quantified in terms of number of inflorescences (a proxy for fitness) instead of actual population growth rate. They found that E. cicutarium was able to outcompete P. popeii in many situations, and in the absence of the storage effect, would likely competitively exclude P. popeii. However, they found a very strong difference in the covariance between environment and competition, which showed that some of the most favorable areas for P. popeii (the rare species), were unfavorable to E. cicutarium (the common species). This suggests that P. popeii is able to avoid strong interspecific competition in some good patches, and that this may be enough to compensate for losses in areas favorable to E. cicutarium.

Colleen Kelly and colleagues have used congeneric species pairs to examine storage dynamics where species similarity is a natural outcome of relatedness and not dependent on researcher-based estimates. Initial studies were of 12 species of trees coexisting in a tropical deciduous forest at the Chamela Biological Station in Jalisco, Mexico. For each of the 12 species they examined age structure (calculated from size and species-specific growth rate), and found that recruitment of young trees varies from year to year. Grouping the species into 6 congeneric pairs, the locally rarer species of each pair unanimously had a more irregular age distributions than the more common species. This finding strongly suggests that between closely competing tree species, the rarer species experiences stronger recruitment fluctuation than the commoner species. Such difference in recruitment fluctuation, combined with evidence of greater competitive ability in the rarer species of each pair, indicates a difference in covariance between the environment and competition between rare and common species. Since species-specific environmental response and buffered population growth can be naturally assumed, their finding strongly suggests that the storage effect operates in this tropical deciduous forest so as to maintain the coexistence between different tree species. Further work with these species has shown that the storage dynamic is a pairwise, competitive relationship, between congeneric species pairs, and possibly extending as successively nested pairs within a genus.

Angert and colleagues demonstrated the temporal storage effect occurring in the desert annual plant community on Tumamoc Hill, Arizona. Previous studies had shown the annual plants in that community exhibited a trade-off between growth rate (a proxy for competitive ability) and water use efficiency (a proxy for drought tolerance). As a result, some plants grew better during wet years, while others grew better during dry years. This, combined with variation in germination rates, produced an overall community average storage effect of 0.103. In other words, the storage effect is expected to help the population of any species at low density to increase, on average, by 10.3% each generation, until it recovers from low density.


title: Brzeziny, Chełm County

abstract: Brzeziny is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Siedliszcze, within Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

text:
# Brzeziny, Chełm County

**Brzeziny** \[bʐɛˈʑinɨ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Siedliszcze, within Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

## InfoBox

| Brzeziny | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| An abandoned building in Brzeziny | |
| Brzeziny | |
| Coordinates: 51°12′11″N 23°12′10″E / 51.20306°N 23.20278°E / 51.20306; 23.20278 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Chełm |
| Gmina | Siedliszcze |


title: Billy Troughear

abstract: William B. Troughear was an English footballer who played for Sunderland and Leicester Fosse in the English Football League. He played as a right back.

text:
# Billy Troughear

**William B. Troughear** (19 March 1885 – 15 October 1955) was an English footballer who played for Sunderland and Leicester Fosse in the English Football League. He played as a right back.

## Life and career

Troughear was born in Workington, Cumberland, in 1885, to Joseph and Emily Troughear. He played football for local clubs Workington Marsh Mission and Workington before signing for Sunderland in 1909. He made his debut in the Football League First Division on 6 November 1909 against Blackburn Rovers in a 0–0 draw at Ewood Park. Troughear made 100 league appearances for Sunderland without scoring, and moved on to Second Division club Leicester Fosse for the 1914–15 season. He later played for Flimby Rangers before returning to Workington. He died in 1955.

## InfoBox

Billy Troughear
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | 19 March 1885 | | |
| Place of birth | Workington, England | | |
| Date of death | 15 October 1955(1955-10-15) (aged 70) | | |
| Place of death | Whitehaven, Cumberland | | |
| Position(s) | Right back | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Workington Marsh Mission |  |  |
|  | Workington |  |  |
| 1909–1914 | Sunderland | 100 | (0) |
| 1914–1915 | Leicester Fosse | 15 | (0) |
|  | Flimby Rangers |  |  |
|  | Workington |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: GCD matrix

abstract: In mathematics, a greatest common divisor matrix is a matrix that may also be referred to as Smith's matrix. The study was initiated by H.J.S. Smith (1875). A new inspiration was begun from the paper of Bourque & Ligh (1992). This led to intensive investigations on singularity and divisibility of GCD type matrices. A brief review of papers on GCD type matrices before that time is presented in Haukkanen, Wang & Sillanpää (1997).

text:
# GCD matrix

In mathematics, a greatest common divisor matrix (sometimes abbreviated as **GCD matrix**) is a matrix that may also be referred to as **Smith's matrix**. The study was initiated by H.J.S. Smith (1875). A new inspiration was begun from the paper of Bourque & Ligh (1992). This led to intensive investigations on singularity and divisibility of GCD type matrices. A brief review of papers on GCD type matrices before that time is presented in Haukkanen, Wang & Sillanpää (1997).

## Definition

| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 2 |
| 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 1 |
| 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 10 |

| GCD matrix of (1,2,3,...,10) | | | | | | | | | |

Let $S=(x\_{1},x\_{2},\ldots ,x\_{n})$ be a list of positive integers. Then the $n\times n$ matrix $(S)$ having the greatest common divisor $\gcd(x\_{i},x\_{j})$ as its $ij$ entry is referred to as the GCD matrix on $S$.The LCM matrix $\[S\]$ is defined analogously.

The study of GCD type matrices originates from Smith (1875) who evaluated the determinant of certain GCD and LCM matrices. Smith showed among others that the determinant of the $n\times n$ matrix $(\gcd(i,j))$ is $\phi (1)\phi (2)\cdots \phi (n)$, where $\phi $ is Euler's totient function.

## Bourque–Ligh conjecture

Bourque & Ligh (1992) conjectured that the LCM matrix on a GCD-closed set $S$ is nonsingular. This conjecture was shown to be false by Haukkanen, Wang & Sillanpää (1997) and subsequently by Hong (1999). A lattice-theoretic approach is provided by Korkee, Mattila & Haukkanen (2019).

The counterexample presented in Haukkanen, Wang & Sillanpää (1997) is $S=\\{1,2,3,4,5,6,10,45,180\\}$ and that in Hong (1999) is $S=\\{1,2,3,5,36,230,825,227700\\}.$ A counterexample consisting of odd numbers is $S=\\{1,3,5,7,195,291,1407,4025,1020180525\\}$. Its Hasse diagram is presented on the right below.

The cube-type structures of these sets with respect to the divisibility relation are explained in Korkee, Mattila & Haukkanen (2019).

## Divisibility

Let $S=(x\_{1},x\_{2},\ldots ,x\_{n})$ be a factor closed set. Then the GCD matrix $(S)$ divides the LCM matrix $\[S\]$ in the ring of $n\times n$ matrices over the integers, that is there is an integral matrix $B$ such that $\[S\]=B(S)$, see Bourque & Ligh (1992). Since the matrices $(S)$ and $\[S\]$ are symmetric, we have $\[S\]=(S)B^{T}$. Thus, divisibility from the right coincides with that from the left. We may thus use the term divisibility.

There is in the literature a large number of generalizations and analogues of this basic divisibility result.

## Matrix norms

Some results on matrix norms of GCD type matrices are presented in the literature. Two basic results concern the asymptotic behaviour of the $\ell \_{p}$ norm of the GCD and LCM matrix on $S=\\{1,2,\dots ,n\\}$.

Given $p\in \mathbb {N} ^{+}$, the $\ell \_{p}$ norm of an $n\times n$ matrix $A$ is defined as

$$\Vert A\Vert \_{p}=\left(\sum \_{i=1}^{n}\sum \_{j=1}^{n}|a\_{ij}|^{p}\right)^{1/p}.$$

Let $S=\\{1,2,\dots ,n\\}$. If $p\geq 2$, then

$$\Vert (S)\Vert \_{p}=C\_{p}^{1/p}n^{1+(1/p)}+O((n^{(1/p)-p}E\_{p}(n)),$$

where

$$C\_{p}:={\frac {2\zeta (p)-\zeta (p+1)}{(p+1)\zeta (p+1)}}$$

and $E\_{p}(x)=x^{p}$ for $p\>2$ and $E\_{2}(x)=x^{2}\log x$. Further, if $p\geq 1$, then

$$\Vert \[S\]\Vert \_{p}=D\_{p}^{1/p}n^{2+(2/p)}+O((n^{(2/p)+1}(\log n)^{2/3}(\log \log n)^{4/3}),$$

where

$$D\_{p}:={\frac {\zeta (p+2)}{(p+1)^{2}\zeta (p)}.}$$

## Factorizations

Let $f$ be an arithmetical function, and let $S=(x\_{1},x\_{2},\ldots ,x\_{n})$ be a set of distinct positive integers. Then the matrix $(S)\_{f}=(f(\gcd(x\_{i},x\_{j}))$ is referred to as the GCD matrix on $S$ associated with $f$. The LCM matrix $\[S\]\_{f}$ on $S$ associated with $f$ is defined analogously. One may also use the notations $(S)\_{f}=f(S)$ and $\[S\]\_{f}=f\[S\]$.

Let $S$ be a GCD-closed set. Then

$$(S)\_{f}=E\Delta E^{T},$$

where $E$ is the $n\times n$ matrix defined by

$$e\_{ij}={\begin{cases}1&{\mbox{if }x\_{j}\\,\mid \\,x\_{i},\\0&{\mbox{otherwise}\end{cases}}}}$$

and $\Delta $ is the $n\times n$ diagonal matrix, whose diagonal elements are

$$\delta \_{i}=\sum \_{i} \atop {d\nmid x\_{t} \atop x\_{t}\<x\_{i}(f\star \mu )(d).}$$

Here $\star $ is the Dirichlet convolution and $\mu $ is the Möbius function.

Further, if $f$ is a multiplicative function and always nonzero, then

$$\[S\]\_{f}=\Lambda E\Delta ^{\prime }E^{T}\Lambda ,$$

where $\Lambda $ and $\Delta '$ are the $n\times n$ diagonal matrices, whose diagonal elements are $\lambda \_{i}=f(x\_{i})$ and

$$\delta \_{i}^{\prime }=\sum \_{i} \atop {d\nmid x\_{t} \atop x\_{t}\<x\_{i}({\frac {1}{f}\star \mu )(d).}}$$

If $S$ is factor-closed, then $\delta \_{i}=(f\star \mu )(x\_{i})$ and $\delta \_{i}^{\prime }=({\frac {1}{f}\star \mu )(x\_{i})}$.


title: Kimberly Jaraj

abstract: Kimberly Liron Jaraj is an English actress, model, and dancer. Her films include I Can't Think Straight (2008), Airborne (2012), and Dawning of the Dead (2017).

text:
# Kimberly Jaraj

**Kimberly Liron Jaraj** is an English actress, model, and dancer. Her films include *I Can't Think Straight* (2008), *Airborne* (2012), and *Dawning of the Dead* (2017).

## Early life and education

Jaraj was born in central London. She attended the Royal Ballet School and danced with the Birmingham Royal Ballet and the English National Ballet. She returned to "normal school" at 16 for her A Levels. She also took drama courses at the RADA Summer School and the Stella Adler Studio of Acting. She went on to graduate from the University of York in 2007 with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) in English and Drama.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 | *Briefing* | Amber Andrews | Short film |
| 2005 | *The Bike Thief* | Ainslie | Short film |
| 2007 | *Casualty* | Lucy Kefford | Episode: "No Return" |
| 2008 | *The Run* | Samantha |  |
| 2008 | *I Can't Think Straight* | Zina |  |
| 2009 | *Knife Edge* | Shelley |  |
| 2010 | *Iron Cross* |  |  |
| 2011 | *Doctors* | Young Martha Locke | Episode: "Chelsea Girl" |
| 2011 | *Riding the Pine* |  |  |
| 2012 | *Airborne* | Laura |  |
| 2014 | *Wasteman Diaries* | Mandy | Short film |
| 2015 | *Crying Wolf 3D* | Kim |  |
| 2015 | *London Has Fallen* | Reporter |  |
| 2017 | *Dawning of the Dead* | Sally |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Kimberly Jaraj | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Kimberly Liron Jaraj<br>Westminster, London, England |
| Alma mater | University of York |
| Occupation(s) | Actress, model |
| Years active | 2004–present |


title: GLIFAA

abstract: GLIFAA is the officially recognized organization representing lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender etc. (LGBT+) personnel and their families in the United States Department of State, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Foreign Commercial Service, Foreign Agricultural Service, and other agencies and entities working in foreign affairs in the U.S. Government. The acronym comes from its original name, Gays and Lesbians in Foreign Affairs Agencies. As of 2014, the organization goes by GLIFAA and uses the slogan "LGBT+ pride in foreign affairs agencies" to underscore its inclusive composition. GLIFAA was founded in 1992 by fewer than a dozen employees who faced official harassment and potential loss of their jobs because of their sexual orientation. The organization has grown to hundreds of Foreign Service, Civil Service, and contract personnel and their families serving in Washington, throughout the U.S., and at U.S. embassies and missions around the world. Members also include retirees and straight allies in government agencies, while other supporters are affiliate members. Among other accomplishments, GLIFAA succeeded in pressing for the issuance of a non-discrimination policy by Secretary of State Warren Christopher in 1994, and worked with the U.S. Administration, the management of government agencies, and other employee associations to eliminate barriers for obtaining security clearances and create and implement non-discrimination policies with regard to entry and employment in the U.S. Foreign Service and Civil Service. In addition, the organization worked to improve the situation for the partners of LGBT U.S. Foreign Service personnel serving overseas. GLIFAA met with Secretaries of State Colin Powell, Condoleezza Rice, and Hillary Clinton.

text:
# GLIFAA

**GLIFAA** (**Gays and Lesbians in Foreign Affairs Agencies**) is the officially recognized organization representing lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender etc. (LGBT+) personnel and their families in the United States Department of State, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Foreign Commercial Service, Foreign Agricultural Service, and other agencies and entities working in foreign affairs in the U.S. Government. The acronym comes from its original name, Gays and Lesbians in Foreign Affairs Agencies. As of 2014, the organization goes by GLIFAA and uses the slogan "LGBT+ pride in foreign affairs agencies" to underscore its inclusive composition. GLIFAA was founded in 1992 by fewer than a dozen employees who faced official harassment and potential loss of their jobs because of their sexual orientation. The organization has grown to hundreds of Foreign Service, Civil Service, and contract personnel and their families serving in Washington, throughout the U.S., and at U.S. embassies and missions around the world. Members also include retirees and straight allies in government agencies, while other supporters are affiliate members.

Among other accomplishments, GLIFAA succeeded in pressing for the issuance of a non-discrimination policy by Secretary of State Warren Christopher in 1994, and worked with the U.S. Administration, the management of government agencies, and other employee associations to eliminate barriers for obtaining security clearances and create and implement non-discrimination policies with regard to entry and employment in the U.S. Foreign Service and Civil Service. In addition, the organization worked to improve the situation for the partners of LGBT U.S. Foreign Service personnel serving overseas. GLIFAA met with Secretaries of State Colin Powell, Condoleezza Rice, and Hillary Clinton.

## History of LGBT Americans in diplomacy

Prior to the early 1990s, homosexuality was grounds for exclusion from the U.S. Foreign Service (diplomatic corps) and many positions in the Civil Service. Numerous individuals were dismissed from their positions in the State Department and in the U.S. government because of their sexual orientation. This happened particularly in the 1950s and 60's, during what has been called the "Lavender Scare" against sexual minorities in the U.S. government, linked to the McCarthy-inspired campaign against perceived communist sympathizers.

The first publicly gay U.S. ambassador was Ambassador to Luxembourg James Hormel, who was appointed by President Clinton and sworn in by Secretary of State Madeleine Albright in 1999. Hormel was admitted into his position through a recess appointment, without confirmation of the U.S. Senate. The second publicly gay U.S. ambassador, and the first publicly gay Foreign Service officer to be appointed as ambassador, was U.S. Ambassador to Romania Michael E. Guest, who was appointed by President George W. Bush and in 2001 sworn in by Secretary of State Colin Powell. Bush also appointed publicly gay physician Mark R. Dybul as the United States Global AIDS Coordinator, with the rank of ambassador. In December 2009, Vice President Joseph Biden swore in publicly gay lawyer David Huebner, as U.S. Ambassador to New Zealand and the Independent State of Samoa.

## GLIFAA's advocacy and efforts

In January 2009, GLIFAA handed to Secretary of State Clinton a letter signed by 2200 foreign affairs employees requesting that a number of key benefits be extended to same-sex domestic partners of LGBT personnel at the State Department and other foreign affairs agencies. The organization noted that these were benefits that could be accorded without violating the Defense of Marriage Act, which sharply curtails the ability of the U.S. federal government to assist LGBT families in some ways. In May 2009, an internal State Department memo extended a number of benefits to the same-sex partners of American diplomats, including diplomatic passports, use of medical facilities at overseas posts, medical and other emergency evacuation, transportation between posts, and training in security and languages. In June 2009, President Obama signed a memorandum announcing these and number of other benefits for same-sex partners of government workers. Many of the new benefits had come from GLIFAA's initial proposals.

GLIFAA has held numerous events in Washington and at U.S. embassies around the world. For example, in July 2005 GLIFAA members held a meeting at the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad, Iraq. Speakers at GLIFAA events in Washington have included openly gay Congressman Jim Kolbe and Judy Shepard, mother of slain gay student Matthew Shepard. In June 2010, Secretary of State Clinton and USAID Administrator Rajiv Shah spoke at a GLIFAA-sponsored event at the main State Department building on the topic of "LGBT Human Rights and U.S. Foreign Policy." At the event, Secretary Clinton stated that the U.S. government would take a more assertive role in protecting the rights of LGBT people and communities around the world.

In October 2009, GLIFAA won the 2009 Out and Equal Workplace Award for its advocacy efforts. Secretary of State Clinton videotaped a congratulatory message that was shown at the conference where the award was given.

## Members

## InfoBox

GLIFAA
|
|  |
| Abbreviation | GLIFAA |
| Formation | 1992 |
| Purpose | Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) employee organization for the US State Department, USAID and other foreign affairs agencies in the US government. |
| Website | www.glifaa.org |


title: GLITCH Film Festival

abstract: GLITCH was a QTIBIPOC focused film festival which ran in Glasgow from 2015 - 2019. Founded by Festival Director Nosheen Khwaja with Cloudberry MacLean the festival aimed to address the under representation of queer people of colour in film. The festival was based at the Centre of Contemporary Arts, with editions held biennially, in 2015, 2017, and 2019. GLITCH was an extension of the charity Digital Desperados, which existed to help empower queer people of colour in filmmaking. Their approach was encapsulated in the festival description: "We are a glitch in the system, our lives deny the lies, our complexity is dissent, we fight for love". The festival was notable for its accessibility - films were free and all screenings were subtitled with live events BSL interpreted. It was the first non-disabled festival to subtitle all its films in 2015. GLITCH was supported by Creative Scotland, Film Hub Scotland and The Equality Network.

text:
# GLITCH Film Festival

**GLITCH** was a QTIBIPOC (Queer, Trans, Intersex, Black, Indigenous, and People of Colour) focused film festival which ran in Glasgow from 2015 - 2019.

Founded by Festival Director Nosheen Khwaja with Cloudberry MacLean the festival aimed to address the under representation of queer people of colour in film.

The festival was based at the Centre of Contemporary Arts, with editions held biennially, in 2015, 2017, and 2019.

GLITCH was an extension of the charity Digital Desperados, which existed to help empower queer people of colour in filmmaking. Their approach was encapsulated in the festival description: "We are a glitch in the system, our lives deny the lies, our complexity is dissent, we fight for love".

The festival was notable for its accessibility - films were free and all screenings were subtitled with live events BSL interpreted. It was the first non-disabled festival to subtitle all its films in 2015.

GLITCH was supported by Creative Scotland, Film Hub Scotland and The Equality Network.

List of LGBT film festivals

1. Diversified, AuthorMedia (2017-03-20). "GLITCH: the film festival seizing space for queer people of colour". *Media Diversified*. Retrieved 2022-05-19.
2. "Programme 2015". *Digital Desperados*. Retrieved 2022-07-01.
3. Backlash, Blake (2015-03-23). "GLITCH: bodies, unrest and emotion". *MostlyFilm*. Retrieved 2022-07-01.
4. "GLITCH Film Festival". *CCA Glasgow*. Retrieved 2022-05-19.
5. "Investing in People Before Buildings: The Case of Filmhouse Edinburgh". *MAI: Feminism & Visual Culture*. 2021-02-17. Retrieved 2022-05-19.
6. "Glitch Film Festival: powerful film by LGBTIQA+ people of colour | The Bigger Picture". Retrieved 2022-05-19.

## InfoBox

GLITCH Film Festival
| GLITCH Film Festival Promotional Logo - 2015 | |
| --- | --- |


title: SOCS2

abstract: Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOCS2 gene. This gene encodes a member of the STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), also known as suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS), family. SSI family members are cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine signaling. The expression of this gene can be induced by a subset of cytokines, including erythropoietin, GM-CSF, IL10 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). The protein encoded by this gene is found to interact with the cytoplasmic domain of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), and thus is thought to be involved in the regulation of IGF1R mediated cell signaling. Knockout studies in mice also suggested a regulatory role of this gene in IGF-1 related growth control.

text:
# SOCS2

**Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *SOCS2* gene.

This gene encodes a member of the STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), also known as suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS), family. SSI family members are cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine signaling. The expression of this gene can be induced by a subset of cytokines, including erythropoietin, GM-CSF, IL10 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). The protein encoded by this gene is found to interact with the cytoplasmic domain of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), and thus is thought to be involved in the regulation of IGF1R mediated cell signaling. Knockout studies in mice also suggested a regulatory role of this gene in IGF-1 related growth control.

## Interactions

SOCS2 has been shown to interact with insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and erythropoietin receptor. Additionally, it acts as a substrate recognition subunit of a Cullin5 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. It is under investigation for use in targeted protein degradation.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| SOCS2 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Available structures  PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | SOCS2, CIS2, Cish2, SOCS-2, SSI-2, SSI2, STATI2, suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 605117; MGI: 1201787; HomoloGene: 2880; GeneCards: SOCS2; OMA:SOCS2 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)      NM\_001168655
NM\_001168656
NM\_001168657
NM\_007706   RefSeq (protein)      NP\_001162126
NP\_001162127
NP\_001162128
NP\_031732   Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 93.57 – 93.58 Mb Chr 10: 95.22 – 95.25 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: 2004 Uruguayan Primera División

text:
# 2004 Uruguayan Primera División

The 2004 Uruguayan Primera Division was the 100th season of top-tier football in Uruguay.

## Overview

It was contested by 18 teams. In the first half of the year a qualification tournament was played, with the top 10 teams qualifying to the second stage; where the Apertura and Clausura tournaments would be played in the second half of the year, each with nine games. The winner of the Apertura and Clausura tournaments would qualify to the finals.

Danubio won the championship for the second time in its history. With the title, they earned a spot in the 2005 Copa Libertadores.

## Torneo Clasificatorio

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Danubio | 17 | 12 | 5 | 0 | 32 | 11 | +21 | 41 |
| 2 | Cerrito | 17 | 10 | 3 | 4 | 25 | 17 | +8 | 33 |
| 3 | Peñarol | 17 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 34 | 17 | +17 | 32 |
| 4 | Nacional | 17 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 26 | 15 | +11 | 29 |
| 5 | Liverpool | 17 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 24 | 19 | +5 | 29 |
| 6 | Rentistas | 17 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 23 | 18 | +5 | 25 |
| 7 | Montevideo Wanderers | 17 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 15 | 18 | 3 | 25 |
| 8 | Fénix | 17 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 27 | 21 | +6 | 24 |
| 9 | Defensor Sporting | 17 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 22 | 24 | 2 | 22 |
| 10 | Cerro | 17 | 7 | 1 | 9 | 21 | 26 | 5 | 22 |
| 11 | Miramar Misiones | 17 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 24 | 25 | 1 | 21 |
| 12 | Plaza Colonia | 17 | 3 | 9 | 5 | 29 | 32 | 3 | 18 |
| 13 | Deportivo Colonia | 17 | 3 | 9 | 5 | 19 | 24 | 5 | 18 |
| 14 | Rocha | 17 | 3 | 8 | 6 | 22 | 33 | 11 | 17 |
| 15 | Bella Vista | 17 | 4 | 4 | 9 | 15 | 26 | 11 | 16 |
| 16 | Tacuarembó | 17 | 3 | 4 | 10 | 18 | 28 | 10 | 13 |
| 17 | Central Español | 17 | 2 | 6 | 9 | 14 | 25 | 11 | 12 |
| 18 | Deportivo Maldonado | 17 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 12 | 23 | 11 | 11 |

Source: rsssf.com

## Championship

### Apertura

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Nacional | 9 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 17 | 6 | +11 | 21 |
| 2 | Defensor Sporting | 9 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 18 | 7 | +11 | 20 |
| 3 | Danubio | 9 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 11 | 5 | +6 | 18 |
| 4 | Liverpool | 9 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 13 | 15 | 2 | 13 |
| 5 | Peñarol | 9 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 16 | 14 | +2 | 12 |
| 6 | Rentistas | 9 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 13 | 13 | 0 | 11 |
| 7 | Plaza Colonia | 9 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 4 | 7 |
| 8 | Cerrito | 9 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 14 | 6 | 7 |
| 9 | Montevideo Wanderers | 9 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 13 | 6 | 7 |
| 10 | Fénix | 9 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 19 | 12 | 4 |

Source: rsssf.com

### Clausura

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Danubio | 9 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 17 | 6 | +11 | 22 |
| 2 | Defensor Sporting | 9 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 10 | 4 | +6 | 19 |
| 3 | Nacional | 9 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 18 | 12 | +6 | 15 |
| 4 | Liverpool | 9 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 17 | 12 | +5 | 15 |
| 5 | Peñarol | 9 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 16 | 18 | 2 | 14 |
| 6 | Rentistas | 9 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 8 | 17 | 9 | 10 |
| 7 | Fénix | 9 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 9 |
| 8 | Montevideo Wanderers | 9 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 3 | 9 |
| 9 | Cerrito | 9 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 11 | 16 | 5 | 8 |
| 10 | Plaza Colonia | 9 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 16 | 9 | 2 |

Source: rsssf.com

## Championship playoff

Nacional and Danubio qualified to the championship playoffs as the Apertura and Clausura winners respectively

### First leg

L1

| Nacional | 4 – 1 | Danubio |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ligüera  32'
Méndez  41',  45'
Coelho  85' |  | Risso  26' |

Estadio Centenario, MontevideoAttendance: 60,000Referee: Fernando Cabrera (URU)

### Second leg

L2

| Danubio | 1 – 0 | Nacional |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Perrone  90+3' |  |  |

Jardines Del Hipódromo, MontevideoAttendance: 12,000Referee: Roberto Silvera (URU)

*Despite losing 4-2 on aggregate, Danubio became champions by winning the second leg, the Clausura, and the annual table.*

## Relegation group

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 11 | Tacuarembó | 31 | 12 | 7 | 12 | 42 | 39 | +3 | 43 |
| 12 | Miramar Misiones | 31 | 9 | 12 | 10 | 47 | 51 | 4 | 39 |
| 13 | Deportivo Colonia | 31 | 7 | 16 | 8 | 38 | 44 | 6 | 37 |
| 14 | Rocha | 31 | 8 | 11 | 12 | 41 | 51 | 10 | 35 |
| 15 | Cerro | 31 | 9 | 7 | 15 | 36 | 46 | 10 | 34 |
| 16 | Central Español | 31 | 7 | 12 | 12 | 30 | 36 | 6 | 33 |
| 17 | Bella Vista | 31 | 7 | 8 | 16 | 33 | 51 | 18 | 29 |
| 18 | Deportivo Maldonado | 31 | 5 | 13 | 13 | 34 | 48 | 14 | 28 |

Source: rsssf.com


title: 2006 Allsvenskan

abstract: Allsvenskan 2006, part of the 2006 Swedish football season, was the 82nd Allsvenskan season played. The first match was played 1 April 2006 and the last match was played 5 November 2006. IF Elfsborg won the league ahead of runners-up AIK, while BK Häcken, Östers IF and Örgryte IS were relegated.

text:
# 2006 Allsvenskan

**Allsvenskan 2006**, part of the 2006 Swedish football season, was the 82nd Allsvenskan season played. The first match was played 1 April 2006 and the last match was played 5 November 2006. IF Elfsborg won the league ahead of runners-up AIK, while BK Häcken, Östers IF and Örgryte IS were relegated.

## Participating clubs

AIKDjurgårdenHelsingborgHäckenElfsborgGöteborgGaisKalmarÖrgryteHammarbyÖsterGefleHalmstadMalmöclass=notpageimage|Locations of the 2006 Allsvenskan teams

| Club | Last season | First season
in league | First season of
current spell |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| AIK | 1st (Superettan) | 1924–25 | 2006 |
| Djurgårdens IF | 1st | 1927–28 | 2001 |
| IF Elfsborg | 7th | 1926–27 | 1997 |
| GAIS | 3rd (Superettan) | 1924–25 | 2006 |
| Gefle IF | 11th | 1933–34 | 2005 |
| IFK Göteborg | 2nd | 1924–25 | 1977 |
| Halmstads BK | 10th | 1933–34 | 1993 |
| Hammarby IF | 4th | 1924–25 | 1998 |
| Helsingborgs IF | 6th | 1924–25 | 1993 |
| BK Häcken | 8th | 1983 | 2005 |
| Kalmar FF | 3rd | 1949–50 | 2004 |
| Malmö FF | 5th | 1931–32 | 2001 |
| Örgryte IS | 9th | 1924–25 | 1995 |
| Östers IF | 2nd (Superettan) | 1968 | 2006 |

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | IF Elfsborg (C) | 26 | 13 | 11 | 2 | 41 | 19 | +22 | 50 | Qualification to Champions League first qualifying round |
| 2 | AIK | 26 | 13 | 10 | 3 | 46 | 23 | +23 | 49 | Qualification to UEFA Cup first qualifying round |
| 3 | Hammarby IF | 26 | 13 | 7 | 6 | 40 | 31 | +9 | 43 | Qualification to Intertoto Cup first round |
| 4 | Helsingborgs IF | 26 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 44 | 34 | +10 | 42 | Qualification to UEFA Cup first qualifying round |
| 5 | Kalmar FF | 26 | 12 | 5 | 9 | 39 | 30 | +9 | 41 |  |
| 6 | Djurgårdens IF | 26 | 11 | 7 | 8 | 31 | 25 | +6 | | 40 |
| 7 | Malmö FF | 26 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 43 | 39 | +4 | | 38 |
| 8 | IFK Göteborg | 26 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 39 | 36 | +3 | | 36 |
| 9 | Gefle IF | 26 | 8 | 7 | 11 | 28 | 39 | 11 | | 31 |
| 10 | GAIS | 26 | 5 | 12 | 9 | 25 | 33 | 8 | | 27 |
| 11 | Halmstads BK | 26 | 5 | 12 | 9 | 22 | 30 | 8 | | 27 |
| 12 | BK Häcken (R) | 26 | 4 | 10 | 12 | 29 | 41 | 12 | 22 | Qualification to Relegation play-offs
Qualification to UEFA Cup first qualifying round |
| 13 | Östers IF (R) | 26 | 4 | 7 | 15 | 19 | 46 | 27 | 19 | Relegation to Superettan |
| 14 | Örgryte IS (R) | 26 | 3 | 8 | 15 | 24 | 44 | 20 | | 17 |

Source: svenskfotboll.se (in Swedish)
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (R) Relegated
Notes:

## Results

| Home \ Away | AIK | DIF | IFE | GAI | GIF | IFKG | HBK | HAM | HEL | BKH | KFF | MFF | ÖIS | ÖIF |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| AIK |  | 3–1 | 2–2 | 2–0 | 2–1 | 4–0 | 3–0 | 0–2 | 2–2 | 1–0 | 1–0 | 3–0 | 2–1 | 5–1 |
| Djurgårdens IF | 0–1 |  | 1–1 | 0–2 | 1–0 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 0–0 | 2–1 | 2–1 | 0–1 | 2–3 | 2–2 | 2–0 |
| IF Elfsborg | 1–1 | 1–0 |  | 1–0 | 0–1 | 1–1 | 3–0 | 3–0 | 0–0 | 2–2 | 1–0 | 4–2 | 2–0 | 0–0 |
| GAIS | 0–0 | 1–1 | 0–3 |  | 1–0 | 1–2 | 1–1 | 2–2 | 0–2 | 2–2 | 2–2 | 0–0 | 2–0 | 1–1 |
| Gefle IF | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 2–2 |  | 1–0 | 0–2 | 0–1 | 1–0 | 0–4 | 2–2 | 4–3 | 2–0 | 1–0 |
| IFK Göteborg | 1–1 | 3–2 | 1–1 | 0–0 | 3–1 |  | 0–0 | 1–2 | 2–2 | 3–0 | 0–3 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 0–0 |
| Halmstads BK | 2–2 | 0–0 | 0–1 | 0–0 | 3–0 | 1–4 |  | 0–0 | 1–1 | 2–2 | 0–1 | 2–2 | 1–0 | 1–0 |
| Hammarby IF | 2–0 | 0–3 | 1–0 | 5–2 | 1–0 | 3–3 | 0–0 |  | 4–2 | 3–0 | 1–2 | 2–2 | 0–1 | 2–0 |
| Helsingborgs IF | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–0 | 2–0 | 3–2 | 1–1 | 3–1 |  | 1–3 | 2–1 | 3–1 | 2–1 | 4–0 |
| BK Häcken | 0–1 | 0–2 | 1–4 | 0–2 | 4–1 | 1–4 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 3–0 |  | 0–2 | 1–3 | 2–2 | 0–1 |
| Kalmar FF | 1–3 | 0–1 | 0–1 | 1–2 | 2–1 | 1–2 | 2–1 | 4–1 | 2–4 | 0–0 |  | 0–0 | 3–2 | 3–0 |
| Malmö FF | 3–1 | 0–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 2–2 | 2–1 | 1–0 | 1–2 | 3–1 | 1–1 | 2–2 |  | 4–2 | 2–0 |
| Örgryte IS | 0–0 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 1–0 | 1–1 | 3–2 | 1–2 | 1–3 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–3 | 1–2 |  | 0–2 |
| Östers IF | 0–4 | 0–3 | 3–4 | 2–2 | 1–2 | 1–1 | 3–1 | 1–2 | 0–3 | 1–1 | 0–1 | 2–1 | 0–0 |  |

Source: Swedish Football Association (in Swedish)
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.

## Relegation play-offs

| Brommapojkarna | 2–0 | Häcken |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bergtoft  25'
Guterstam  31' |  |  |

Söderstadion, StockholmAttendance: 1,489Referee: Daniel Stålhammar (Landskrona)

---

| Häcken | 1–2 | Brommapojkarna |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Forsell  8' |  | Guterstam  4'
Runnemo  43' |

Rambergsvallen, GothenburgAttendance: 2,118Referee: Martin Ingvarsson (Hässleholm)

*Brommapojkarna won 4–1 on aggregate.*

---

## Season statistics

### Top scorers

| Rank | Player | Club | Goals |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1** | Ari da Silva Ferreira | Kalmar FF | 15 |
| **2** | Paulinho Guará | Hammarby IF | 12 |
| **3** | Wilton Figueiredo | AIK | 11 |
| | Olivier Karekezi | Helsingborgs IF | 11 |
| | Jonatan Johansson | Malmö FF | 11 |
| **6** | James Keene | GAIS | 10 |
| **7** | Luton Shelton | Helsingborgs IF | 9 |
| **8** | Markus Jonsson | AIK | 8 |
| | Júnior | Malmö FF | 8 |
| | Henrik Larsson | Helsingborgs IF | 8 |
| | René Makondele | Gefle IF | 8 |

### Scoring

### Overall

### Home

### Away

### Attendances

|  | Club | Home average | Away average | Home high |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | AIK | 21,434 | 10,634 | 34,174 |
| 2 | Malmö FF | 13,665 | 9,973 | 23,571 |
| 3 | Djurgårdens IF | 13,358 | 11,017 | 31,890 |
| 4 | Helsingborgs IF | 12,415 | 9,767 | 17,100 |
| 5 | IF Elfsborg | 12,176 | 9,366 | 16,572 |
| 6 | Hammarby IF | 11,793 | 11,266 | 15,092 |
| 7 | IFK Göteborg | 10,258 | 11,655 | 20,172 |
| 8 | GAIS | 7,072 | 9,657 | 26,793 |
| 9 | Halmstads BK | 6,002 | 7,512 | 10,134 |
| 10 | Östers IF | 5,364 | 8,185 | 8,696 |
| 11 | Kalmar FF | 5,197 | 7,388 | 6,641 |
| 12 | Gefle IF | 5,029 | 7,299 | 7,151 |
| 13 | Örgryte IS | 4,995 | 9,813 | 13,221 |
| 14 | BK Häcken | 3,152 | 8,378 | 10,956 |
|  | Total | 9,423 |  | 34,174 |

Online * Glenning, Clas (2006). "Sweden final tables". Archived from the original on 2009-10-18. Retrieved 2007-06-04.
* "SFS-Bolletinen". Sveriges Fotbollshistoriker och Statistiker. 2007. Archived from the original on 8 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-04.
* "svenskfotboll.se". Swedish Football Association. 2007. Archived from the original on 31 May 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-04.

## InfoBox

Allsvenskan
| Season | 2006 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | IF Elfsborg |
| Relegated | BK Häcken
Örgryte IS
Östers IF |
| Champions League | IF Elfsborg |
| UEFA Cup | AIK
Helsingborgs IF |
| Intertoto Cup | Hammarby IF |
| Matches played | 182 |
| Goals scored | 470 (2.58 per match) |
| Top goalscorer | Ari da Silva Ferreira, Kalmar FF (15) |
| Average attendance | 9,423 |
| 2005 2007 | |


title: Gaahlskagg

abstract: Gaahlskagg is a Norwegian black metal band from Sunnfjord, Norway. The band was founded as a side project in 1998 by Gaahl and Skagg. Gaahlskagg released one studio album before going on hiatus in 2001 due to Gaahl's commitment to Gorgoroth.

text:
# Gaahlskagg

**Gaahlskagg** is a Norwegian black metal band from Sunnfjord, Norway. The band was founded as a side project in 1998 by Gaahl and Skagg. Gaahlskagg released one studio album before going on hiatus in 2001 due to Gaahl's commitment to Gorgoroth.

## History

Gaahlskagg was founded in 1998 by singer Gaahl and guitarist Skagg, who were both members of the band Sigfader at the time. The duo entered Grieghallen Studio in 1999 and recorded their debut album with the help of session members Tormentor, Terje Martinussen and Herbrand Larsen. Three of the album's tracks were released as part of the split *Erotic Funeral Party I / Styggmyrs triumf* together with Stormfront in 1999. Gaahlskagg's debut album, *Erotic Funeral*, was released in 2000.

For the recording of their sophomore album, *Av Norrønt Blod*, the band recruited Skagg's brother Thurzur as a session drummer. However, the recorded material was destroyed in 2001 and due to Gaahl's activities with Gorgoroth, the band did not re-record the tracks. Gaahl and Skagg would later perform together in Gorgoroth when the latter joined as a live guitarist in 2005. Gaahl has since performed as part of God Seed, Wardruna, and Gaahls Wyrd, while Skagg founded the band Deathcult and performed live with Taake.

## Members

### Founders

* Gaahl – vocals (1998–2001)
* Skagg – guitars (1998–2001)

### Former session members

## Discography

* *Erotic Funeral* (2000)

## InfoBox

| Gaahlskagg | |
| --- | --- |
| Gaahl performing with Gaahls Wyrd in 2017 | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Sunnfjord, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway |
| Genres | Black metal |
| Years active | 1998–2001 (hiatus) |
| Labels | No Colours Records |
| Spinoff of |  |
|  | |
| Past members | Gaahl<br>Skagg |


title: 2007 Aberdeen City Council election

abstract: The 2007 Aberdeen City Council election took place on 3 May 2007 to elect members of Aberdeen City Council, at the same time as the Scottish Parliament general election. The election was the first one using 13 new wards created as a result of the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004, with each ward electing three or four councillors using the single transferable vote system a form of proportional representation. The new wards replaced 43 single-member wards, which used the plurality system of election. The results saw the council remain under no overall control.

text:
# 2007 Aberdeen City Council election

**The 2007 Aberdeen City Council election** took place on 3 May 2007 to elect members of Aberdeen City Council, at the same time as the Scottish Parliament general election. The election was the first one using 13 new wards created as a result of the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004, with each ward electing three or four councillors using the single transferable vote system a form of proportional representation. The new wards replaced 43 single-member wards, which used the plurality (first past the post) system of election.

The results saw the council remain under no overall control.

## Election results

Aberdeen City Local Election Result 2007
| Party | | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | 15 | N/A | N/A | 5 | 34.9 | 26.9 | 20,845 | 8.5 |
|  | SNP | 12 | N/A | N/A | 6 | 27.9 | **29.5** | **22,791** | **6.5** |
|  | Labour | 10 | N/A | N/A | 3 | 23.3 | 24.6 | 19,003 | 0.4 |
|  | Conservative | 5 | N/A | N/A | 2 | 11.6 | 14.1 | 10,889 | 1.2 |
|  | Independent | 1 | N/A | N/A | 0 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 2,090 | 2.2 |
|  | Scottish Green | 0 | N/A | N/A | 0 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 1,204 | *New* |
|  | Solidarity | 0 | N/A | N/A | 0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 248 | *New* |
|  | Scottish Socialist | 0 | N/A | N/A | 0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 218 | 1.4 |
|  | BNP | 0 | N/A | N/A | 0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 81 | *New* |

## Ward results

Airyhall/Broomhill/Garthdee - 3 seats
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|  | Conservative | **Jill Wisely** | 27.4 | **1,911** |  |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | **Scott Cassie** | 19.6 | 1,365 | 1,381 | 1,446 | **1,695** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | **Ian Yuill** | 18.0 | 1,257 | 1,310 | 1,385 | **1,565** |
|  | SNP | Rigg Robertson | 17.3 | 1,207 | 1,220 | 1,296 | 1,399 |
|  | Labour | Allan McIntosh | 12.8 | 894 | 901 | 940 |  |
|  | Independent | Graham Bennett | 4.8 | 332 | 352 |  |  |
| **Electorate:**     **Valid:** 6,966   **Spoilt:** 80   **Quota:** 1,742   **Turnout:** 7,046 | | | | | | | |

Bridge of Don - 4 seats
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
|  | SNP | **Muriel Jaffrey** | 36.3 | **2,805** |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Labour | **Willie Young** | 20.9 | 1,615 | **1,615** |  |  |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | **John Reynolds** | 18.3 | 1,411 | 1,573 | **1,573** |  |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | **Gordon Leslie**††††† | 9.5 | 731 | 921 | 929 | 938 | 977 | **1,316** |
|  | Conservative | Brian Davidson | 7.9 | 610 | 726 | 731 | 733 | 783 | 827 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Millie McLeod | 5.2 | 404 | 509 | 523 | 535 | 587 |  |
|  | Independent | Hamish Mackay | 1.9 | 146 | 267 | 272 | 273 |  |  |
| **Electorate:**     **Valid:** 7,722   **Spoilt:** 92   **Quota:** 1,545   **Turnout:** 7,814 | | | | | | | | | |

Dyce/Buckburn/Danestone - 4 seats
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|  | SNP | **Mark McDonald** | 36.2 | **2,620** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Labour | **Barney Crockett** | 24.9 | 1,801 | **1,801** |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | **Ron Clark** | 21.2 | 1,534 | 1,534 | **1,534** |  |  |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | **George Penny** | 5.0 | 360 | 593 | 667 | 713 | 727 | 769 | **885** |
|  | Conservative | Avril MacKenzie | 8.3 | 603 | 701 | 730 | 738 | 752 | 781 | 833 |
|  | Scottish Green | Rhonda Reekie | 2.0 | 147 | 298 | 330 | 335 | 348 | 409 |  |
|  | Independent | Angela Dunn | 1.6 | 116 | 190 | 211 | 214 | 260 |  |  |
|  | Independent | Dennis Grattan | 0.8 | 57 | 117 | 131 | 133 |  |  |  |
| **Electorate:**     **Valid:** 7,238   **Spoilt:** 111   **Quota:** 1,448   **Turnout:** 7,349 | | | | | | | | | | |

George Street/Harbour - 3 seats
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|  | SNP | **Andrew May** | 32.4 | **1,272** |  |  |  |  |
|  | Labour | **Jim Hunter**†††††† | 24.5 | 960 | **994** |  |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | **John Stewart** | 20.4 | 801 | 859 | 860 | 963 | **1,071** |
|  | Scottish Green | Clive Kempe | 7.8 | 306 | 364 | 365 | 414 | 492 |
|  | Labour | George Penny | 8.2 | 322 | 343 | 351 | 382 |  |
|  | Conservative | Alexander Olsen | 6.7 | 261 | 282 | 282 |  |  |
| **Electorate:**     **Valid:** 3,922   **Spoilt:** 91   **Quota:** 981   **Turnout:** 4,013 | | | | | | | | |

Hazlehead/Ashley/Queens Cross - 4 seats
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | **Martin Greig** | 24.0 | **1,901** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Conservative | **Jim Farquharson**††† | 21.8 | 1,728 | **1,728** |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | **Jennifer Stewart** | 20.4 | 1,614 | 1,614 | **1,614** |  |  |  |  |
|  | SNP | **John West** | 14.2 | 1,126 | 1,168 | 1,172 | 1,175 | 1,195 | 1,273 | **1,352** |
|  | Labour | Timothy Harris | 10.8 | 855 | 904 | 906 | 910 | 917 | 972 | 1,041 |
|  | Conservative | Fraser Forsyth | 5.1 | 406 | 457 | 573 | 578 | 583 | 614 |  |
|  | Scottish Green | Rachel Shanks | 2.8 | 220 | 264 | 266 | 270 | 285 |  |  |
|  | Scottish Socialist | Howard Chandler | 0.8 | 65 | 69 | 69 | 70 |  |  |  |
| **Electorate:**     **Valid:** 7,915   **Spoilt:** 83   **Quota:** 1,584   **Turnout:** 7,998 | | | | | | | | | | |

Hilton/Stockethill - 3 seats
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|  | SNP | **Kirsty West** | 33.9 | **1,761** |  |  |  |
|  | Labour | **George Adam** | 30.6 | 1,589 | **1,589** |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | **Neil Fletcher** | 20.6 | 1,068 | 1,195 | 1,219 | **1,388** |
|  | Labour | Charlie Pirie | 8.6 | 444 | 532 | 745 | 792 |
|  | Conservative | Frank Webster | 6.3 | 329 | 371 | 375 |  |
| **Electorate:**     **Valid:** 5,191   **Spoilt:** 130   **Quota:** 1,298   **Turnout:** 5,321 | | | | | | | |

Kincorth/Loirston - 3 seats
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|  | SNP | **Callum McCaig** | 32.0 | **1,883** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | **Katharine Dean** | 20.2 | 1,190 | 1,262 | 1,270 | 1,309 | 1,462 | **1,610** |  |
|  | Labour | **Neil Cooney** | 19.8 | 1,162 | 1,205 | 1,214 | 1,237 | 1,260 | 1,298 | **1,321** |
|  | Labour | Sue Rae | 12.7 | 748 | 782 | 792 | 826 | 843 | 889 | 992 |
|  | Conservative | Graeme Webster | 7.2 | 423 | 441 | 447 | 473 | 493 |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Angus Easton | 4.1 | 239 | 260 | 266 | 283 |  |  |  |
|  | Independent | Daniel Yeats | 3.0 | 179 | 206 | 224 |  |  |  |  |
|  | Solidarity | Paul Mitcheson | 1.0 | 58 | 84 |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Electorate:**     **Valid:** 5,882   **Spoilt:** 132   **Quota:** 1,471   **Turnout:** 6,024 | | | | | | | | | | |

Kingswells/Sheddocksley - 3 seats
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
|  | SNP | **Wendy Stuart** | 33.6 | **1,746** |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | **Peter Stephen** | 24.3 | 1,260 | **1,312** |  |  |  |  |
|  | Labour | **Len Ironside** | 16.3 | 848 | 899 | 900 | 910 | 935 | **987** |
|  | Labour | Rose Clayton | 14.6 | 758 | 810 | 811 | 826 | 872 | 958 |
|  | Conservative | Bill Berry | 7.0 | 364 | 388 | 389 | 407 | 454 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | David Young | 2.6 | 135 | 180 | 187 | 210 |  |  |
|  | BNP | Steven Thomson | 1.6 | 81 | 111 | 112 |  |  |  |
| **Electorate:**     **Valid:** 5,192   **Spoilt:** 98   **Quota:** 1,299   **Turnout:** 5,290 | | | | | | | | | |

Lower Deeside - 3 seats
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | **Aileen Malone** | 23.9 | 1,536 | **1,660** |  |  |  |
|  | Conservative | **Alan Milne**†††† | 24.0 | 1,546 | 1,588 | 1,592 | **1,745** |  |
|  | Independent | **Marie Boulton** | 17.1 | 1,097 | 1,173 | 1,176 | 1,353 | **1,399** |
|  | SNP | David Adams | 16.6 | 1,068 | 1,125 | 1,127 | 1,234 | 1,253 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Brian Malone | 9.4 | 603 | 692 | 726 |  |  |
|  | Labour | Marianne Stewart | 9.1 | 583 |  |  |  |  |
| **Electorate:**     **Valid:** 6,435   **Spoilt:** 69   **Quota:** 1,609   **Turnout:** 6,504 | | | | | | | | |

Midstocket/Rosemount - 3 seats
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|  | Conservative | **John Porter** | 27.7 | **1,503** |  |  |  |  |
|  | SNP | **Bill Cormie** | 26.3 | 1,431 | **1,431** |  |  |  |
|  | Labour | **Jenny Laing** | 21.1 | 1,144 | 1,164 | 1,176 | 1,223 | **1,281** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Steve Delaney | 12.4 | 671 | 689 | 702 | 753 | 1,201 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Jim Donaldson | 9.7 | 529 | 563 | 570 | 586 |  |
|  | Scottish Socialist | Christine Chandler | 2.8 | 153 | 155 | 167 |  |  |
| **Electorate:**     **Valid:** 5,431   **Spoilt:** 60   **Quota:** 1,358   **Turnout:** 5,491 | | | | | | | | |

Northfield - 3 seats
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|  | SNP | **Jackie Dunbar** | 30.9 | **1,557** |  |  |  |
|  | Labour | **Gordon Graham** | 27.8 | 1,401 | **1,401** |  |  |
|  | SNP | **Kevin Stewart** | 20.8 | 1,050 | 1,249 | 1,258 | **1,281** |
|  | Labour | Ramsey Milne | 11.6 | 587 | 603 | 698 | 722 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Karen Freel | 6.0 | 302 | 320 | 326 | 368 |
|  | Conservative | Pat Wokoma | 2.8 | 143 | 145 | 146 |  |
| **Electorate:**     **Valid:** 5,040   **Spoilt:** 203   **Quota:** 1,261   **Turnout:** 5,243 | | | | | | | |

Tillydrone/Seaton/Old Aberdeen - 3 seats
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
|  | SNP | **Jim Noble** | 31.9 | **1,365** |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Labour | **Norman Collie**†† | 25.1 | 1,074 | **1,074** |  |  |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | **Richard Robertson** | 13.7 | 585 | 638 | 638 | 659 | 799 | **926** |
|  | Labour | Sandra Macdonald | 13.9 | 595 | 634 | 635 | 648 | 718 | 791 |
|  | Conservative | Hannah Dolan | 7.8 | 333 | 347 | 347 | 354 | 377 |  |
|  | Scottish Green | Daniel Johnston | 5.7 | 244 | 289 | 289 | 329 |  |  |
|  | Solidarity | Angela McLeman | 2.1 | 88 | 110 | 110 |  |  |  |
| **Electorate:**     **Valid:** 4,284   **Spoilt:** 109   **Quota:** 1,072   **Turnout:** 4,393 | | | | | | | | | |

Torry/Ferryhill - 4 seats
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|  | SNP | **Jim Kiddie** | 30.9 | **1,900** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Labour | **Yvonne Allan** | 20.7 | 1,275 | **1,275** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | **Irene Cormack** | 17.5 | 1,077 | 1,155 | 1,160 | 1,169 | 1,202 | **1,397** |  |  |
|  | Conservative | **Alan Donnelly** | 11.9 | 729 | 757 | 758 | 762 | 796 | 818 | 846 | **889** |
|  | Scottish Green | John Reekie | 4.7 | 287 | 386 | 388 | 431 | 476 | 528 | 564 | 672 |
|  | Labour | Ted Harris | 5.7 | 348 | 415 | 440 | 458 | 478 | 511 | 538 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Tony Petchey | 4.4 | 270 | 334 | 335 | 345 | 364 |  |  |  |
|  | Independent | Chris Cowie | 2.6 | 163 | 198 | 199 | 219 |  |  |  |  |
|  | Solidarity | Shug Falconer | 1.7 | 102 | 150 | 151 |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Electorate:**     **Valid:** 6,151   **Spoilt:** 112   **Quota:** 1,231   **Turnout:** 6,263 | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Changes since 2007 Election

* † In March 2012, Bridge of Don Cllr John Reynolds resigned from the Liberal Democrats and sat as an Independent.
* †† In January 2011, Tillydrone/Seaton/Old Aberdeen Cllr Norman Collie resigned from the Labour Party and set as an Independent.
* ††† In June 2011, Hazlehead/Ashley/Queens Cross Cllr Jim Farquaharson was expelled from the Conservative Party and sat as an Independent.
* †††† In June 2011, Lower Deeside Cllr Alan Milne was expelled from the Conservative Party and sat as an Independent.
* ††††† In September 2011, Bridge of Don Cllr Gordon Leslie was suspended from the Liberal Democrats. He subsequently resigned from the party and sat as an Independent.
* †††††† In February 2012, George Street/Harbour Cllr Jim Hunter was suspended from the Labour Party. He subsequently resigned from the party and sat as an Independent.

## By-Elections since 3 May 2007

* A by-election was held in the Midstocket/Rosemount Ward following the death of the Conservatives' John Porter on 23 May 2007. The by-election was won by the SNP's John Corall on 16 August 2007

Midstocket/Rosemount by-election 16 August 2007 - 1 Seat
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|  | SNP | **John Corall** | 29.5 | 873 | 875 | 885 | 984 | **1,258** |
|  | Conservative | Fraser Forsyth | 27.8 | 821 | 825 | 826 | 873 | 1,122 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Steve Delaney | 23.4 | 693 | 700 | 708 | 869 |  |
|  | Labour | Allan McIntosh | 17.5 | 518 | 520 | 529 |  |  |
|  | Solidarity | Stephen Haddan | 1.1 | 31 | 33 |  |  |  |
|  | Independent | Dennis Grattan | 0.7 | 20 |  |  |  |  |
|  | SNP **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |
| **Electorate:** 10,288   **Valid:** 2,956   **Spoilt:** 21   **Quota:** 1,479   **Turnout:** 2,977 (28.9%) | | | | | | | | |

* A by-election was held in the Dyce/Bucksburn/Danestone Ward following the death of the Liberal Democrats' Ron Clark on 21 February 2011. The by-election was won by the SNP's Neil MacGregor on 19 May 2011

Dyce/Bucksburn/Danestone by-election 19 May 2011 - 1 Seat
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | |
|  | SNP | **Neil MacGregor** | 51.4 | **2,090** |
|  | Labour | Graeme Lawrence | 23.1 | 941 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Kristian Chapman | 11.0 | 446 |
|  | Conservative | Ross Thomson | 8.7 | 352 |
|  | Independent | Angela Joss | 3.7 | 150 |
|  | Scottish Green | Rhonda Reekie | 2.2 | 88 |
|  | SNP **gain** from Liberal Democrats | | Swing |  |  |
| **Electorate:**     **Valid:** 4,067   **Spoilt:**     **Quota:** 2,034   **Turnout:** 29.5% | | | | |

* A by-election was held in the Airyhall/Broomhill/Garthdee Ward following the resignation of the Liberal Democrats' Scott Cassie on 27 April 2011 after he was jailed for embezzlement. The by-election was won by the SNP's Gordon Scott Townson on 23 June 2011.

Airyhall/Broomhill/Garthdee by-election 23 June 2011 - 1 Seat
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|  | SNP | **Gordon Scott Townson** | 33.2 | 1,112 | 1,115 | 1,120 | 1,136 | 1,161 | 1,263 | 1,441 | **1,792** |
|  | Labour | Angela Taylor | 23.3 | 783 | 783 | 784 | 810 | 829 | 956 | 1,068 |  |
|  | Conservative | Bill Berry | 19.4 | 649 | 652 | 654 | 656 | 676 | 801 |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Gregor McAbery | 16.5 | 554 | 558 | 562 | 584 | 599 |  |  |  |
|  | Independent | Graham Murray Bennett | 2.9 | 98 | 99 | 109 | 122 |  |  |  |  |
|  | Scottish Green | Richie Brian | 3.0 | 101 | 103 | 104 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Independent | Hamish Hay Mackay | 1.0 | 32 | 34 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | National Front | Dave Macdonald | 0.7 | 25 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | SNP **gain** from Liberal Democrats | | Swing | 18.5% |  |
| **Electorate:** 11,623   **Valid:** 3,354   **Spoilt:** 32   **Quota:** 1,678   **Turnout:** 3,386 (29.1%) | | | | | | | | | | | |

1. "Aberdenn". BBC News Online. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
2. "Local Election Results 3rd May 2007" (PDF). Local Election Archive Project. Retrieved 5 April 2011.
3. "Local Government Elections May 2007 - Full Results". Aberdeen City Council. Retrieved 5 April 2011.
4. "Midstocket/Rosemount By-Election 16 August 2007". Aberdeen City Council. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
5. "Aberdeen by-election result announced". Aberdeen City Council. 20 May 2011. Archived from the original on 1 June 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
6. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 2011-06-03.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

## InfoBox

2007 Aberdeen City Council election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  All 43 seats to Aberdeen City Council
22 seats needed for a majority | |
| First party Second party Third party   Party Liberal Democrats SNP Labour  Last election *20 seats, 35.4%* *6 seats, 23.0%* *14 seats, 24.2%*  Seats won 15 12 10  Seat change 5 6 3  Popular vote 20,845 **22,791** 19,003  Percentage 26.9% **29.5%** 24.6%  Swing 8.5% **6.5%** 0.4%   ---  Fourth party Fifth party   Party Conservative Independent  Last election *3 seats, 15.3%* *0 seats, 0.5%*  Seats won 5 1  Seat change 2 0  Popular vote 10,889 2,090  Percentage 14.1% 2.7%  Swing 1.2% 2.2% | |
| ---  The 13 multi-member wards | |
| ---  **Council Leader before election**

No overall control **Council Leader after election**

No overall control | |