title: Urtak (king of Elam)

abstract: Urtak or Urtaku was a king of the ancient kingdom of Elam, which was to the southeast of ancient Babylonia. He ruled from 675 to 664 BCE, his reign overlapping those of the Assyrian kings Esarhaddon (681-669) and Ashurbanipal (668-627). Urtak was preceded by his brother, Khumban-Khaldash II. Khumban-Khaldash made a successful raid against Assyria, and died a short time thereafter. He was succeeded by Urtak, who returned to Assyria the idols his elder brother had taken in the raid, and who thereby repaired relations between Elam and Assyria. He made an alliance with Assyria's Esarhaddon in 674, and for a time Elam and Assyria enjoyed friendly relations, which lasted throughout the remainder of Esarhaddon's reign, and deteriorated after Esarhaddon was succeeded by Ashurbanipal. During a famine in Elam, Ashurbanipal welcomed temporary refugees from Elam into his empire, and sent food aid to Elam itself. However, after a time Urtak, joining his forces with the Gambulu tribe of Arameans, attacked Babylonia around 665 BCE, and died shortly afterward. Urtak was succeeded by his brother Teumman, who was killed by Ashurbanipal shortly afterward.

text:
# Urtak (king of Elam)

**Urtak** or **Urtaku** was a king of the ancient kingdom of Elam, which was to the southeast of ancient Babylonia. He ruled from 675 to 664 BCE, his reign overlapping those of the Assyrian kings Esarhaddon (681-669) and Ashurbanipal (668-627).

Urtak was preceded by his brother, Khumban-Khaldash II. Khumban-Khaldash made a successful raid against Assyria, and died a short time thereafter. He was succeeded by Urtak, who returned to Assyria the idols his elder brother had taken in the raid, and who thereby repaired relations between Elam and Assyria.

He made an alliance with Assyria's Esarhaddon in 674, and for a time Elam and Assyria enjoyed friendly relations, which lasted throughout the remainder of Esarhaddon's reign, and deteriorated after Esarhaddon was succeeded by Ashurbanipal.

During a famine in Elam, Ashurbanipal welcomed temporary refugees from Elam into his empire, and sent food aid to Elam itself. However, after a time Urtak, joining his forces with the Gambulu tribe of Arameans, attacked Babylonia around 665 BCE, and died shortly afterward. Urtak was succeeded by his brother Teumman, who was killed by Ashurbanipal shortly afterward.


title: Sphenarches caffer

abstract: Sphenarches caffer, the bottle gourd plume moth, is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is known from India, Malaysia, Mauritius, the Seychelles and South Africa. The larvae feed on the leaves, flowers and fruits of various plants, including sweet potato. They are small, cylindrical and yellowish green with short spines all over their bodies.

text:
# Sphenarches caffer

***Sphenarches caffer***, the **bottle gourd plume moth**, is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is known from India, Malaysia, Mauritius, the Seychelles and South Africa.

The larvae feed on the leaves, flowers and fruits of various plants, including sweet potato. They are small, cylindrical and yellowish green with short spines all over their bodies.

## InfoBox

| *Sphenarches caffer* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pterophoridae |
| Genus: | *Sphenarches* |
| Species: | ***S. caffer*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Sphenarches caffer***<br>(Zeller, 1852) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Oxyptilus caffer* Zeller, 1852 * *Oxyptilus walkeri* Walsingham, 1881 | |


title: Sharon Kardia

abstract: Sharon Lee Reilly Kardia is an American epidemiologist. She is the Millicent W. Higgins Collegiate Professor of Epidemiology and Associate Dean for Education at the University of Michigan School of Public Health. Her research interests involve genetic epidemiology of common chronic diseases.

text:
# Sharon Kardia

**Sharon Lee Reilly Kardia** is an American epidemiologist. She is the Millicent W. Higgins Collegiate Professor of Epidemiology and Associate Dean for Education at the University of Michigan School of Public Health. Her research interests involve genetic epidemiology of common chronic diseases.

## Early life and education

Kardia earned her Bachelor of Science degree from Carnegie Mellon University and her graduate degrees from the University of Michigan.

## Career

Kardia accepted a faculty position at the University of Michigan School of Public Health (UMich) in 1998. Within her first year teaching at the institution, Kardia led a study examining why risk factors for atherosclerosis varied from person to person. Her research team discovered that the Apolipoprotein E protein determined how much influence cholesterol and other risk factors had on atherosclerosis. She later worked alongside Toby Citrin in 2001 to propose, develop, and lead UMich's first Center for Public Health and Community Genomics through a cooperative agreement between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Association of Schools of Public Health. While serving in this role, Kardia led a nationwide study of 6,250 people to conclude that there was no single genetic cause of hypertension. Citrin and Kardia were also both appointed co-directors of the Life Sciences, Values and Society Program in 2004, where they said they would "expand the cross-campus initiative exploring the ethical and societal questions raised by advances in science." As a result of her genetics research, Kardia was named to the nonprofit Genetic Alliance Council.

In 2017, Kardia was appointed the Millicent W. Higgins Collegiate Professor of Epidemiology. She was later named the University of Michigan's School of Public Health’s inaugural Associate Dean for Education During the COVID-19 pandemic in North America, Kardia co-led a project to develop an online COVID-19 symptom checklist and COVID-19 dashboard to give Michigan health officials easy access to high risk areas for new coronavirus cases and to assist in educating the public.

Sharon Kardia publications indexed by Google Scholar

## InfoBox

| Sharon Kardia | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Education | BS, Biological Sciences, 1985, Carnegie Mellon University <br>MA, Statistics, 1990, PhD, Human Genetics, 1991, University of Michigan |
| Thesis | *Systems Analysis of the Hormonal Control of Renal Hemodynamics and Sodium Excretion* (1991) |
| Academic work | |
| Institutions | University of Michigan School of Public Health |
|  | |


title: Robin Boyd (theologian)

abstract: Robin H. S. Boyd was an Irish theologian and missionary to India, ordained in the Irish Presbyterian Church. He also worked with the Student Christian Movement and was a presbyter in the Church of North India.

text:
# Robin Boyd (theologian)

**Robin H. S. Boyd** (14 May 1924 – 14 June 2018) was an Irish theologian and missionary to India, ordained in the Irish Presbyterian Church. He also worked with the Student Christian Movement and was a presbyter in the Church of North India.

## Biography

Boyd was born in Belfast in 1924, to Irish missionaries to India. He pursued undergraduate studies in classics at Trinity College Dublin, which was interrupted from 1943 to 1945 for war service, and went on for theological studies at New College, Edinburgh. He worked for two years with the Student Christian Movement as secretary to theological colleges (1951–1953), studied briefly in Basel with Karl Barth and Oscar Cullmann, before marrying his first wife and SCM colleague Frances Paton (granddaughter of John Gibson Paton) and moving to India as Christian missionaries in 1954. In 1959, Boyd returned to Edinburgh to begin his PhD on the subject "The Place of Dogmatic Theology in the Indian Church."

He was appointed to the Gujarat United School of Theology in Ahmedabad in 1961 and witnessed the formation of the Church of North India in 1970. In 1974, after twenty years as a missionary in India, Boyd took up the parish ministry in Melbourne and witnessed the formation of another church union, the Uniting Church in Australia in 1977. He later served as director of the Irish School of Ecumenics (1980–1987) before returning to Melbourne for parish ministry and retiring in 1994. His wife Frances died in 1998 and, after a brief visit to Scotland, he married Anne Booth-Clibborn (née Forrester) a former Church of Scotland social worker in Kenya.

Boyd died on 14 June 2018 in Edinburgh.

## Indian Christian theology

Boyd is best known for his writings in Indian Christian theology. His PhD thesis was published in 1969 as *An Introduction to Indian Christian Theology,* and revised and expanded in 1975. In India, this work is described as the "standard textbook at the B.Th. and B.D. levels for the course in Indian Christian theology."

## Works

* Boyd, Robin (1975). *An Introduction to Indian Christian Theology* (Revised ed.). Madras: Christian Literature Society.
* (1974). *India and the Latin Captivity of the Church*. London: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521203715.
* (1988). *Ireland: Christianity Discredited Or Pilgrim's Progress?*. Geneva: WCC Publications. ISBN 978-2-8254-0922-0.
* (2007). *The Witness of the Student Christian Movement*. London: SPCK. ISBN 978-0-281-05877-8.

## InfoBox

| Robin Boyd | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1924-05-14)14 May 1924
Belfast, Northern Ireland |
| Died | 14 June 2018(2018-06-14) (aged 94)
Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Nationality | Irish |
| Occupation(s) | Theologian and missionary |
| Known for | Indian Christian theology |
| Spouse(s) | Frances Paton, Anne Booth-Clibborn (née Forrester) |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | Trinity College Dublin, New College, Edinburgh |
| Doctoral advisor | T. F. Torrance and John McIntyre |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Christian theology |
| Institutions | Irish School of Ecumenics |
|  | |


title: Disability in Argentina

abstract: In 2018, it was reported that 10.2% of the population live with some form of disability in Argentina. Additionally, an estimated 28.7% of households include at least one member with a disability.

text:
# Disability in Argentina

In 2018, it was reported that 10.2% of the population live with some form of **disability in Argentina**. Additionally, an estimated 28.7% of households include at least one member with a disability.

## History of disability legislation

Argentine legislation related to disability has evolved significantly over time, demonstrating an increased commitment to the rights and welfare of individuals with disabilities. On 16 March 1981, Law 22.431 was enacted in Argentina. This law provides various benefits to people with disabilities, including opportunities for job and professional training, access to loans and subsidies, support in education, and a range of state benefits.

Subsequently, in 1997, Law 24.901 was passed and enacted, which laid the groundwork for a comprehensive system of welfare and care for individuals with disabilities. In 2001, Law 25.504 was passed and enacted. This legislation permits the Ministry of Health to issue certificates of disability.


title: Shushufindi Canton

abstract: Shushufindi Canton is a canton of Ecuador, located in the Sucumbíos Province. Its capital is the town of Shushufindi. Its population at the 2001 census was 32,184.

text:
# Shushufindi Canton

**Shushufindi Canton** is a canton of Ecuador, located in the Sucumbíos Province. Its capital is the town of Shushufindi. Its population at the 2001 census was 32,184.

## InfoBox

| Shushufindi Canton | |
| --- | --- |
| Canton | |
| Location of Sucumbíos Province in Ecuador. | |
| Cantons of Sucumbíos Province | |
| Coordinates: 0°11′14″S 76°38′42″W / 0.1871°S 76.645°W / -0.1871; -76.645 | |
| Country | Ecuador |
| Province | Sucumbíos Province |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (ECT) |


title: Cheonil Sikdang

abstract: Cheonil Sikdang (Korean: 천일식당) is a historic restaurant in Haenam County, South Jeolla Province, South Korea. It the seventh-oldest operating restaurant in South Korea, having been established in 1924. It specializes in Korean table d'hôte (hanjeongsik): a large spread of numerous small Korean side dishes. The restaurant has reportedly been consistently famous in South Jeolla Province and across South Korea, and has remained family-owned. It was reportedly frequented by significant politicians in the country, and its food was delivered to the South Korean presidential residence the Blue House a number of times. The restaurant now has a branch in Seoul called Haenam Cheonilgwan (해남천일관) was opened in the mid-1990s.

text:
# Cheonil Sikdang

**Cheonil Sikdang** (Korean: 천일식당) is a historic restaurant in Haenam County, South Jeolla Province, South Korea. It the seventh-oldest operating restaurant in South Korea, having been established in 1924. It specializes in Korean table d'hôte (*hanjeongsik*): a large spread of numerous small Korean side dishes.

The restaurant has reportedly been consistently famous in South Jeolla Province and across South Korea, and has remained family-owned. It was reportedly frequented by significant politicians in the country, and its food was delivered to the South Korean presidential residence the Blue House a number of times. The restaurant now has a branch in Seoul called **Haenam Cheonilgwan** (해남천일관) was opened in the mid-1990s.

## Description

The restaurant is reportedly reputed for its *tteok-galbi* (short rib patties) and kimchi. It reportedly serves dozens of side dishes at each table. The restaurant claims to have no secret recipes, and only focuses on the quality of its ingredients and execution of its cooking.

## History

The restaurant was first established in 1924 as Cheonilgwan (천일관) by Park Seong-sun (박성순; 朴成順). She was the breadwinner for her family, as her *yangban* husband reportedly had little interest in working. She set up a roadside food stall and began selling a variety of *namul* dishes and soups. Her stand reportedly became popular, with even local officials seeking it out. As eating at such a stall was inconvenient, they asked her to create a restaurant building. That became Cheonilgwan. The original location of the restaurant is located within the innermost part of the current complex; it was a thatched-roof *hanok* building. As *hanjeongsik* was prohibitively expensive for regular people around this time, its customers were mainly aristocrats.

In 1950, the original hut was torn down and replaced with a more modern building. After the second generation Lee Jeong-rye (이정례; 李正禮) took over the restaurant, she changed its name to Cheonil Sikdang. Around that time, *tteok-galbi* became the restaurant's signature dish. Park would eventually die in 1973. Lee died in 1990; in 1988 Oh Hyeon-hwa (오현화; 吳賢華) took over.

Since early in its history, the restaurant has been consistently popular among the elite in South Korea. South Korean leader Park Chung Hee ate at the restaurant four times. The food has reportedly been delivered to the South Korean former presidential residence the Blue House on a number of occasions. Reportedly, on one occasion Park Seong-sun refused to go by car to the Blue House because she would easily get carsick, so Park Chung Hee offered her a helicopter ride to Seoul. South Korean leader Ahn Woo-man, Minister of Justice, dined at the restaurant in 1995. Mayor of Seoul Goh Kun ate there in 1997. In spite of this, the restaurant's customer base is reportedly diverse, with various socioeconomic classes eating together.

## InfoBox

| Cheonil Sikdang | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Restaurant information | |
| Established | 1924 (1924) |
| Food type | Korean cuisine, Korean table d'hôte |
| Street address | 20-8 Eupnae-gil, Haenam-eup, Haenam County, South Jeolla Province, South Korea |
| Coordinates | 34°34′14″N 126°35′57″E / 34.5705°N 126.5993°E / 34.5705; 126.5993 |
| Website | www.해남천일식당.kr |


title: Charpentier Pyramid

abstract: Charpentier Pyramid is a pyramid-shaped peak rising to 1,080 metres (3,540 ft) in the northwest part of the Herbert Mountains, Shackleton Range. In association with the names of glacial geologists grouped in this area, it was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1971 after Jean de Charpentier, a Swiss engineer and mineralogist who in 1835 gave additional proof on the former extension of glaciers.

text:
# Charpentier Pyramid

**Charpentier Pyramid** (80°16′S 25°37′W / 80.267°S 25.617°W / -80.267; -25.617) is a pyramid-shaped peak rising to 1,080 metres (3,540 ft) in the northwest part of the Herbert Mountains, Shackleton Range. In association with the names of glacial geologists grouped in this area, it was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1971 after Jean de Charpentier, a Swiss engineer and mineralogist who in 1835 gave additional proof on the former extension of glaciers.

* This article incorporates public domain material from "Charpentier Pyramid". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.


title: Dungu language

abstract: Dungu is a Kainji language of Nigeria.

text:
# Dungu language

**Dungu** (also Dingi) is a Kainji language of Nigeria.

## InfoBox

| Dungu | |
| --- | --- |
| Dingi, Dwingi | |
| Native to | Nigeria |
| Region | Kaduna State |
| Native speakers | 1,100 (2000) |
| Language family | Niger–Congo? |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | `dbv` |
| *Glottolog* | `dung1254` |
| ELP | Dungu |


title: Fairy Realm

abstract: Fairy Realm is a series of ten children's fantasy novels by Australian author Jennifer Rowe, writing under the pseudonyms Mary-Anne Dickinson, and Emily Rodda. Rowe is also the author of the series Deltora Quest and Rowan of Rin. In the U.K, the series was published under the title Fairy Charm.

text:
# Fairy Realm

***Fairy Realm*** is a series of ten children's fantasy novels by Australian author Jennifer Rowe, writing under the pseudonyms Mary-Anne Dickinson, and Emily Rodda. Rowe is also the author of the series *Deltora Quest* and *Rowan of Rin*. In the U.K, the series was published under the title *Fairy Charm*.

## Plot

The series follows the adventures of Jessie, an unsuspecting girl, whose grandmother happens to be a fairy queen who ran away to the human world with her human husband, Robert Belairs. The series chronicles Jessie's travels to the magical world of the Fairy Realm. In each story, she obtains a new charm for her bracelet. Jessie also travels to defeat Valda, her grandmother's evil cousin, and deals with real-world issues such as family disagreements, fitting in at a new school, and a teacher who dislikes her.

## Major themes

The main themes of the Fairy Realm series are the value of hospitality, kindness, and friendship, as well as the necessity of hope. In each book, Jessie benefits from the hospitality of magical creatures, and works together with her new friends to solve a magical problem in the Fairy Realm. Even when other characters are upset or panicked, Jessie maintains an attitude of bravery and optimism, which enables her to solve her problems.

## Publishing details

The first six books were published between 1994 and 1996 by Bantam Books, Sydney, under the collective title of the *Storytelling Charms* Series, written by Mary-Anne Dickinson and illustrated by Veronica Oborn. The first book came with the bracelet of the title, and the five subsequent books came with the charm received by Jessie in the story. The first six books were later re-released under the author's second pen name, Emily Rodda.

All of the covers for the books were illustrated by Raoul Vitale.

## Novels

1. *The Charm Bracelet* (1994). Jessie visits her grandmother, who seems more forgetful than usual, and the charm bracelet her grandmother always wears is gone. Jessie discovers a realm of magic where her grandmother is the rightful queen. So begins the adventure to save the realm from its enemies, the Outlanders.
2. *The Flower Fairies* (1994)
3. *The Third Wish* (1995)
4. *The Last Fairy-Apple Tree* (1995)
5. *The Magic Key* (1995)
6. *The Unicorn* (1996)
7. *The Star Cloak* (2005)
8. *The Water Sprites* (2005)
9. *The Peskie Spell* (2006)
10. *The Rainbow Wand* (2006)

Various compendiums have also been published in Australia and the U.K.


abstract: Southville International School Affiliated with Foreign Universities (SISFU) is a private university located in Las Piñas, in the southern part of Metro Manila, Philippines. It was established in 1998 as Southville Foreign Colleges and is the only provider of Tertiary Transnational Education in the Philippines. The school was founded to provide international curricula and qualifications in the Philippines. It is the only university in the Philippines accredited to offer De Montfort University and Pearson BTEC qualifications.

text:
# Southville International School affiliated with Foreign Universities

**Southville International School Affiliated with Foreign Universities (SISFU)** is a private university located in Las Piñas, in the southern part of Metro Manila, Philippines. It was established in 1998 as Southville Foreign Colleges and is the only provider of Tertiary Transnational Education in the Philippines. The school was founded to provide international curricula and qualifications in the Philippines. It is the only university in the Philippines accredited to offer De Montfort University and Pearson BTEC qualifications.

## History

Southville International School Affiliated with Foreign Universities (SISFU) was founded in 1997 by Roger and Helen Bartholomew who teamed up with Southville International School and Colleges (SISC).

In 2018, SISFU introduced the Online Blended Learning program.

In 2019, SISFU expanded its partnership with De Montfort University to offer three undergraduate degree programmes: the Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration and Management (Hons), Bachelor of Arts in Accounting and Business Management (Hons), and the Bachelor of Arts in Entrepreneurship and Innovation (Hons).

## Sister schools

## InfoBox

Southville International School Affiliated with Foreign Universities
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Motto | Be Amazing. Be Southville. |
| Type | Private International University |
| President | Dr. Melva M. Diamante |
| Location | BF International, Las Piñas City, Philippines<br>14°27′20″N 120°59′43″E / 14.45544°N 120.99517°E / 14.45544; 120.99517 |
| Website | www.sisfu.edu.ph |
| Location in Metro ManilaLocation in LuzonLocation in the Philippines | |


title: Feridun Karakaya

abstract: Feridun Karakaya was a well-known Turkish comedy actor.

text:
# Feridun Karakaya

**Feridun Karakaya** (1928  April 24, 2004) was a well-known Turkish comedy actor.

## Biography

Karakaya educated in Kabataş Erkek Lisesi. He took part in several stage and film productions between years 1955 and 2002. He is best remembered with his famous character "Cilalı İbo" (Ibo the Polished). He died of heart failure at the age of 76. Due to his competent Molière interpretations, he was awarded with Légion d'Honneur.

He was laid to rest at the Zincirlikuyu Cemetery following the religious funeral ceremony held in Teşvikiye Mosque on 26 April 2004, at the time when he could not see his latest movie released.

## Filmography

* "Beyaz Mendil" (1955)
* "Görünmeyen Adam İstanbul'da" (1955)
* "Şehir Yıldızları" (1956)
* "Berduş" (1957)
* "Gurbet" (1959)
* "Gönül Kimi Severse" (1959)
* "Cilalı İbo Casuslar Arasında" (1959)
* "Cilalı İbo Yıldızlar Arasında" (1959)
* "Cilalı İbo Ve Tophane Gülü" (1960)
* "Cilalı İbo'nun Çilesi" (1960)
* "Cilalı İbo Zoraki Baba" (1961)
* "Cilalı İbo Rüyalar Aleminde" (1962)
* "Cilalı İbo Perili Köşkte" (1963)
* "Cilalı İbo Kızlar Pansiyonunda" (1963)
* "Beş Şeker Kız" (1964)
* "Cilalı İbo Ve Kırk Haramiler" (1964)
* "Seveceksen Yiğit Sev" (1965)
* "Düğün Gecesi" (1966)
* "Sinekli Bakkal" (1967)
* "Şark Yıldızı" (1967)
* "Urfa İstanbul" (1968)
* "Vuruldum Bu Kıza" (1968)
* "İstanbul Kaldırımları" (1968)
* "Gül ve Şeker" (1968)
* "Mısır'dan Gelen Gelin" (1969)
* "Cilalı İbo Almanya'da" (1970)
* "Cilalı İbo Yetimler Meleği" (1971)
* "Newyorklu Kız" (1971)
* "Cilalı İbo Teksas Fatihi" (1971)
* "Aman Karım Duymasın" (1976)
* "Nazmiye'nin Koltukları" (1976)
* "Donanmanın Gülü" (1987)
* "Banka" (2002)
* "Hayat A.Ş." (2003)

## InfoBox

| Feridun Karakaya | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1928
Istanbul, Turkey |
| Died | April 24, 2004(2004-04-24) (aged 75–76)
Istanbul, Turkey |
| Nationality | Turkish |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 19552003 |


title: The Huntsville Times

abstract: The Huntsville Times was a thrice-weekly newspaper published in Huntsville, Alabama. It also served the surrounding areas of north Alabama's Tennessee Valley region. The Times formerly operated as an afternoon paper, but moved to mornings years after The Huntsville News ceased publication. It was published by The Huntsville Times Company, Inc., a subsidiary of Advance Publications, Inc. The paper was first acquired by Advance's founder, Samuel Newhouse Sr., in 1955. The Times is a sister paper to two other Advance-owned publications within Alabama, The Birmingham News and the (Mobile) Press-Register. On October 1, 2012, all three papers went from daily to thrice-weekly print schedules. All three are now published by an Advance subsidiary called Alabama Media Group. On February 26, 2023, the Times and its sister newspapers ceased printed publication, with all of its content moving to the group's website, al.com. The Times had the third highest circulation of any daily newspaper in the state until its 2012 schedule reduction. Because Huntsville is the home to NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center and the Army's Redstone Arsenal, the Times maintains a special desk for science, aerospace and military matters. The Times has received many awards over the years from the Alabama Press Association, the Society for Professional Journalists and other trade groups.

text:
# The Huntsville Times

***The Huntsville Times*** was a thrice-weekly newspaper published in Huntsville, Alabama. It also served the surrounding areas of north Alabama's Tennessee Valley region. The *Times* formerly operated as an afternoon paper, but moved to mornings years after *The Huntsville News* ceased publication. It was published by The Huntsville Times Company, Inc., a subsidiary of Advance Publications, Inc. The paper was first acquired by Advance's founder, Samuel Newhouse Sr., in 1955. The *Times* is a sister paper to two other Advance-owned publications within Alabama, *The Birmingham News* and the (Mobile) *Press-Register*.

On October 1, 2012, all three papers went from daily to thrice-weekly print schedules. All three are now published by an Advance subsidiary called Alabama Media Group.

On February 26, 2023, the *Times* and its sister newspapers ceased printed publication, with all of its content moving to the group's website, al.com.

The *Times* had the third highest circulation of any daily newspaper in the state until its 2012 schedule reduction.

Because Huntsville is the home to NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center and the Army's Redstone Arsenal, the *Times* maintains a special desk for science, aerospace and military matters.

The *Times* has received many awards over the years from the Alabama Press Association, the Society for Professional Journalists and other trade groups.

On May 24, 2012, Advance Publications announced that its three Alabama newspapers would do away with their print editions on Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. The move was a result of the continuing decline in advertising revenue and circulation for its traditional print products. The move placed increased emphasis on their website, al.com, and reorganized the Alabama properties into two companies: Alabama Media Group, the editorial side; and Advance Central Services Alabama, which will handle production, distribution and back-office services.

The company also announced that same day that *The Times-Picayune* of New Orleans, Louisiana, would undergo the same changes. The company has since made similar changes to what had been daily newspapers in both Syracuse, New York, and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

The final daily edition was published on September 30, 2012. The next day was the first time in more than a century that the city of Huntsville had been without a daily newspaper.

On November 3, 2022, Advance management announced that the Times, as well as its sister newspapers in Birmingham and Mobile, would discontinue its print edition and convert to an all-digital operation. The final print edition came on February 26, 2023.

Patrick McCauley, a native of Alexandria, Louisiana, was the longest-serving editor of the daily *Huntsville Times*, a post he filled from 1966 to 1994. A previous editor, Reese Thomas Amis (18881964), had mentored McCauley when he was a reporter at *The Times* from 1949 to 1954.

## InfoBox

The Huntsville Times
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Thrice Weekly newspaper |
| Format | Broadsheet |
| Owner(s) | Advance Publications |
| Editor-in-chief | Shelly Haskins |
| Language | English |
| Ceased publication | February 26, 2023 (2023-02-26) |
| Headquarters | 200 West Side Square, Huntsville, Alabama 35801 |
| Circulation | 57,073 Daily<br>74,401 Sunday |
| Website | al.com |


title: Lelia Lake, Texas

abstract: Lelia Lake is an unincorporated community in central Donley County, Texas, United States. It lies along U.S. Route 287, southeast of the city of Clarendon, the county seat of Donley County. Although Lelia Lake is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 79240; the ZCTA for ZIP code 79240 had a population of 101 at the 2000 census. Founded along the Fort Worth and Denver City Railway in the late 1880s, the community was named for the founder's sister. When a post office was opened in the community in late 1906, the potential of confusion with the community of Lela in Wheeler County to the northeast led the post office to attach "Lake" to the community's name. A school was established in the community in 1894. Historically, Lelia Lake has been a center of grain traffic and of watermelon growing.

text:
# Lelia Lake, Texas

**Lelia Lake** is an unincorporated community in central Donley County, Texas, United States. It lies along U.S. Route 287, southeast of the city of Clarendon, the county seat of Donley County. Although Lelia Lake is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 79240; the ZCTA for ZIP code 79240 had a population of 101 at the 2000 census.

Founded along the Fort Worth and Denver City Railway in the late 1880s, the community was named for the founder's sister. When a post office was opened in the community in late 1906, the potential of confusion with the community of Lela in Wheeler County to the northeast led the post office to attach "Lake" to the community's name. A school was established in the community in 1894. Historically, Lelia Lake has been a center of grain traffic and of watermelon growing.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 51 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census
1850–1900 1910
1920 1930 1940
1950 1960 1970
1980 1990 2000
2010 2020 | | | |

Lelia Lake first appeared as a census designated place in the 2020 U.S. Census.

### 2020 Census

**Lelia Lake CDP, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition**
*Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.*
| Race / Ethnicity (*NH = Non-Hispanic*) | Pop 2020 | % 2020 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| White alone (NH) | 40 | 78.43% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 1 | 1.96% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 10 | 19.61% |
| **Total** | **51** | **100.00%** |

## Notable person

## InfoBox

| Lelia Lake, Texas | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Lelia
LakeLocation within the state of TexasLelia
LakeLelia
Lake (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 34°54′05″N 100°46′11″W / 34.90139°N 100.76972°W / 34.90139; -100.76972 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Texas |
| County | Donley |
| Elevation | 2,585 ft (788 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP codes | 79240 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2805772 |


abstract: Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems is a peer-reviewed scientific journal sponsored by the Chemometrics Society and published since 1986 by Elsevier. The current editor-in-chief is R. Tauler.

text:
# Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems

***Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems*** is a peer-reviewed scientific journal sponsored by the Chemometrics Society and published since 1986 by Elsevier. The current editor-in-chief is R. Tauler (Barcelona, Spain).

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Analytical Abstracts, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts, Current Contents, Current Index to Statistics, EMBASE, Inspec, PubMed, Science Citation Index, and Scopus. According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal's 2020 impact factor is 3.491. In 2016 the journal's ranking was 15th out of 58 journals in the category "Automation & Control Systems", 29th out of 74 in the category "Chemistry, Analytical", 26th out of 123 in the category "Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence", 9th out of 56 in the category "Instruments & Instrumentation", 12th out of 99 in the category "Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications" and 8th out of 122 journals in the category "Statistics & Probability".

## Most cited articles

According to the Web of Science, the following three articles have been cited most often (\>600 times):

1. Wold, S. (1987). "Principal component analysis". *Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems*. **2** (1–3): 37–52. doi:10.1016/0169-7439(87)80084-9. S2CID 54979942.
2. Wold, S. (2001). "PLS-regression: a basic tool of chemometrics". *Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems*. **58** (2): 109–622. doi:10.1016/S0169-7439(01)00155-1. S2CID 11920190.
3. Bro, R. (1997). "PARAFAC. Tutorial and applications". *Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems*. **38** (2): 149–201. doi:10.1016/S0169-7439(97)00032-4.

## InfoBox

*Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems*
| Discipline | Chemometrics |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | R. Tauler |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1986-present |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Frequency | 10/year |
| Impact factor | 3.491 (2020) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 0169-7439
 |
| OCLC no. | 13352494 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Charpentier

abstract: Charpentier is the French word for "carpenter", and it is also a French surname; a variant spelling is Carpentier. In English, the equivalent word and name is "Carpenter"; in German, "Zimmermann"; in Dutch, "Timmerman". The origin of the name dates to 900–1000, when the Old French "Charpentier" derived from the Late Latin carpentarius artifex, equivalent to Latin carpent(um), meaning "two-wheeled carriage", suffixed with arius ("-ary"); see ER2.

text:
# Charpentier

**Charpentier** (pronounced \[ʃaʁ.pɑ̃.tje\]) is the French word for "carpenter", and it is also a French surname; a variant spelling is Carpentier. In English, the equivalent word and name is "Carpenter"; in German, "Zimmermann"; in Dutch, "Timmerman".

The origin of the name dates to 900–1000, when the Old French "Charpentier" derived from the Late Latin *carpentarius artifex* ("carpenter" or "wainwright"), equivalent to Latin *carpent(um)*, meaning "two-wheeled carriage" (perhaps ultimately derived from Celtic—consider Old Irish *carpad*, "chariot"), suffixed with *arius* ("-ary"); see ER2.

## Persons with the surname

### Visual arts

### Composers & musicians

### Politicians

### Scientists

### Soldiers

### Writers

### Athletes

### Other

## InfoBox

Charpentier
| Pronunciation | shar PAHN' t'yay |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | |
| Meaning | worker or fixer of wood, builder of wood |
| Other names | |
| Variant form(s) | Carpenter, Timmerman, Zimmermann, Zimmerman, Carpentier, Zimerman |


title: VF-12

abstract: Fighter Squadron 12 or VF-12 was an aviation unit of the United States Navy. Originally established on 9 January 1943, it was disestablished on 17 September 1945. It was the first US Navy squadron to be designated as VF-12.

text:
# VF-12

**Fighter Squadron 12** or **VF-12** was an aviation unit of the United States Navy. Originally established on 9 January 1943, it was disestablished on 17 September 1945. It was the first US Navy squadron to be designated as VF-12.

## Operational history

VF-12 equipped with F6F-3 Hellcats formed part of Carrier Air Group 12 (CAG-12) and was assigned to USS *Saratoga*, flying aboard on 1 August 1943. CAG-12 supported the Battle of the Treasury Islands from October-November before the *Saratoga* returned to Pearl Harbor on 30 November.

In January 1944 CAG-12 rejoined the *Saratoga* and supported the later phases of the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign and then carried out attacks against Japanese forces in the Indian Ocean before returning to Pearl Harbor in June.

In January 1945 VF-12 was assigned to USS *Randolph* and supported the Invasion of Iwo Jima and raids on the Japanese home islands.

## Notable former members

• Marvin Harper

## InfoBox

| Fighter Squadron 12 | |
| --- | --- |
| VF-12 F6F-5 on USS *Randolph* in 1945 | |
| Active | 9 January 1943 – 17 September 1945 |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | United States Navy |
| Type | Fighter |
| Engagements |  |
| Insignia | |
| Identification<br>symbol |  |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Fighter | F6F-3/5 Hellcat |


title: Catholic Church in Turkmenistan

abstract: The Catholic Church in Turkmenistan is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.

text:
# Catholic Church in Turkmenistan

The **Catholic Church in Turkmenistan** is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.

## History

All Catholic infrastructure in the country was destroyed by Soviet revolutionaries in the 1920s. In 1997 a request was made to recognize the local Catholic community, but was refused since the local church was not headed by a Turkmen. In July 2010, the Catholic Mission received official government recognition and plans were started to both ask permission to build a Catholic church, and to reclaim a Catholic Armenian church in Turkmenbasy that still stands in the west of the country, as well as a church building in Sendar. In the early 2000s, Mass was celebrated at the apostolic nunciature in the capital and at parishioners' homes.

In 2020, there were 3 priests in the country, serving 300 Catholics in one parish.


title: Rocconota

abstract: Rocconota is a genus of assassin bugs in the family Reduviidae. There are about 10 described species in Rocconota.

text:
# Rocconota

***Rocconota*** is a genus of assassin bugs in the family Reduviidae. There are about 10 described species in *Rocconota*.

## Species

These 10 species belong to the genus *Rocconota*:

## Further reading

* Péricart, J.; Golub, V. B. (1996). Aukema, Berend; Rieger, Christian (eds.). *Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region, Vol. 2: Cimicomorpha I*. The Netherlands Entomological Society. ISBN 978-90-71912-15-3.
* Schuh, Randall T.; Weirauch, Christiane; Wheeler, Ward C. (2009). "Phylogenetic relationships within the Cimicomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): a total-evidence analysis". *Systematic Entomology*. **34** (1): 15–48. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.498.8756. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00436.x.

## InfoBox

| *Rocconota* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Family: | Reduviidae |
| Subfamily: | Harpactorinae |
| Tribe: | Harpactorini |
| Genus: | *Rocconota*<br>Stål, 1859 |
|


title: The Hurlers (stone circles)

abstract: The Hurlers is a group of three stone circles in the civil parish of St Cleer, Cornwall, England, UK. The site is half-a-mile (0.8 km) west of the village of Minions on the eastern flank of Bodmin Moor, and approximately four miles (6 km) north of Liskeard.

text:
# The Hurlers (stone circles)

**The Hurlers** (Cornish: *An Hurlysi*) is a group of three stone circles in the civil parish of St Cleer, Cornwall, England, UK. The site is half-a-mile (0.8 km) west of the village of Minions on the eastern flank of Bodmin Moor, and approximately four miles (6 km) north of Liskeard.

## Location

The Hurlers are north of Liskeard near the village of Minions on the southern edge of Bodmin Moor in east Cornwall. Just to the west of the circles are two standing stones known as the Pipers. Nearby are Rillaton Barrow and Trethevy Quoit, an entrance grave from the Neolithic period. The Hurlers are managed by the Cornwall Heritage Trust on behalf of English Heritage.

## Origin of the name

The name "Hurlers" derives from a legend, in which men were playing Cornish hurling on a Sunday and were magically transformed into stones as punishment. The "Pipers" are supposed to be the figures of two men who played tunes on a Sunday and suffered the same fate. According to another legend, it is impossible to accurately count the number of standing stones.

## Construction

The Hurlers comprises three stone circles that lie on a line from SSW to NNE, and have diameters of 35 metres (115 ft), 42 metres (138 ft) and 33 metres (108 ft). The two outer stone circles are circular. The middle circle, the largest is slightly elliptical. The survival of the southern stone circle, which now contains nine stones, has been most precarious: only two of the remaining stones are upright and the other seven are partially covered with soil. In the middle circle 14 stones survive out of 28. The stones show clear traces of being hammered smooth. The northern stone circle contained around 30 standing stones, from which 15 are still visible. Two other monoliths, the Pipers, are 100 metres (330 ft) southwest of the middle circle and may be entrance stones to the Hurlers.

## Early accounts

The earliest mention of the Hurlers was by historian John Norden, who visited them around 1584. They were described by William Camden in his *Britannia* of 1586. In 1754 William Borlase published the first detailed description of the site.

## Excavations

Ralegh Radford excavated the site in the 1930s, and partly restored the two northern circles by re-erecting some stones and placing marker stones in the positions of those missing. Archives from the unpublished excavation reports have been re-evaluated by Jacky Nowakowski (Cornwall Archaeological Unit) and John Gould (English Heritage) and may result in more analysis and publication.

There have been several subsequent investigations. Between 1975 and 1985 aerial survey and subsequent analysis by various teams, (including Cambridge University, University College London, RCHME and co-ordinated by Cornwall Archaeology Unit) was used to identify and map the features. English Heritage conducted a geophysical survey in 2004. A survey by the Cornwall Archeological Unit in 2009 indicated that there might also be a fourth circle and two stone rows.

The Hurlers was protected as a scheduled monument in 1981, and the protected area was extended in 1994 to include the Pipers.

## Alignments

In 1967 Scottish engineer Alexander Thom suggested borderline case alignments at the Hurlers. He suggested two solar alignments of four stones with far uprights. He suggested two stone-to-site alignments with Vega and Arcturus and two other site-to-site alignments with Arcturus. Each stellar alignment was given with tabulated declinations at a date some time in between the range of 2100 to 1500 BC.

## Cornwall Heritage Trust

In 1999 there was controversy regarding the site and others under the care of English Heritage. Members of a pressure group, the Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament, removed signs bearing the English Heritage name. After this action several smaller sites, including The Hurlers, Dupath Well, Tregiffian Burial Chamber, St Breock Downs Monolith, King Doniert's Stone, Trethevy Quoit and Carn Euny, were transferred to the management of the Cornwall Heritage Trust.

The Hurlers are the subject of a 2008 song by Devon singer, Seth Lakeman.

## Further reading

* John Barnatt, *Prehistoric Cornwall, The Ceremonial Monuments*, Wellingborough: Turnstone Press Limited, 1982 (ISBN 0-85500-129-1)

## InfoBox

| The Hurlers | |
| --- | --- |
| *Native name*<br>Cornish: *An Hurlysi* | |
|  | |
| Type | Stone circles |
| Location | Minions |
| Coordinates | 50°30′59″N 4°27′29″W / 50.5164°N 4.458°W / 50.5164; -4.458 |
| OS grid reference | SX 25784 71374 |
| Area | Bodmin Moor |
| Governing body | Cornwall Heritage Trust |
| Owner | English Heritage |
|  | |
| Scheduled monument | |
| Official name | The Hurlers: three stone circles with paired outlying stones |
| Designated | 9 October 1981 |
| Reference no. | 1008117 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of The Hurlers in Cornwall | |


abstract: The Welterweight competition at the 2023 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships was held between 18 and 26 March 2023.

text:
# 2023 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships – Welterweight

The **Welterweight** competition at the 2023 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships was held between 18 and 26 March 2023.

## Results

### Finals

### Top half

#### Section 1

#### Section 2

### Bottom half

#### Section 3

#### Section 4

1. "Team Delegations' Handbook" (PDF). IBA. Retrieved 12 March 2023.
2. Berkeley, Geoff (26 March 2023). "Algerian disqualified from final of IBA Women's World Championships after failing eligibility rules". *insidethegames.biz*. Dunsar Media Company Limited. Retrieved 26 March 2023.

## InfoBox

| Welterweight <br>at the 2023 IBA Women's World Boxing Championships | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Venue | K. D. Jadhav Indoor Hall |
| Location | New Delhi, India |
| Dates | 18–26 March |
| Competitors | 31 from 31 nations |
| Medalists | |
| China  Thailand  Uzbekistan  Kazakhstan | |
|


title: Chemong Lake

abstract: Chemong Lake, or Lake Chemong," is a lake 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) northwest of Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, near the town of Bridgenorth. The lake extends from near Fowlers Corners north to near Curve Lake. Lake Chemong has a length of 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) and a width of 1 kilometre (0.62 mi). Chemong is also a part of the Kawartha lakes water system and the Trent-Severn Waterway.

text:
# Chemong Lake

**Chemong Lake**, or **Lake Chemong**, (pronounced "shi-MONG, from the Anisnaabemowin gchi-maang, meaning "big lake")" is a lake 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) northwest of Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, near the town of Bridgenorth. The lake extends from near Fowlers Corners north to near Curve Lake. Lake Chemong has a length of 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) and a width of 1 kilometre (0.62 mi).

Chemong is also a part of the Kawartha lakes water system and the Trent-Severn Waterway.

## Geography

### Communities

Communities along and near the lakeshore include Bridgenorth, Selwyn on the east, and Ennismore on the west.

There is a causeway which crosses the lake, connecting Bridgenorth and Ennismore by road. This causeway is called the James A. Gifford Causeway.

### Tri-lake water system

Chemong Lake is part of a tri-lake water system consisting of Chemong Lake, Buckhorn Lake, and Pigeon Lake. The tri-lake area is host to several popular fishing tournaments throughout the open fishing season. The most common game fish in the lake are smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, walleye, yellow perch, Carp, Muskellunge as well as a number of Panfish. Commercial and recreational fishing has caused the introduction of Zebra mussels, which change the ecosystem by filtering the water and making it clearer. Some fish, such as Walleye, dislike the clear water and have become less abundant.

### Lake islands

There are a number of small islands on the lake, including Big Island, Goat Island and Kelly Island. Most of the islands have cottages or are commonly used as impromptu campsites. Rocky shoals surround these islands - boaters should approach with care.

## Name history

The earliest map, from 1790, called the lake "Wubscommoug", which was also spelled "Wabuskummug", an Ojibwa word meaning "place of clay earth" or mud. Over the next century the name went through many changes and spelling variations, such as Shebaugh-tick-wyong/Shebaugh-tick-wayong East Lake (1816), Cimung/Cheemaun/Chemong/Shemong, and Cicibatigweyong. In the 19th century, Mud Lake was the official name, referring to the clay mud bottom of the lake.

By 1902, the name Chemung Lake became the common name, and on October 14, 1965, this became the official name. Despite the official designation, it was often spelled with an "o" instead of an "u". But in 1978, Chemung Lake was officially changed to Chemong Lake by the Ontario Geographic Names Board.

The lake was called Chemong, which is an Ojibwa word meaning "canoe", because when Europeans first approached the aboriginal village by canoe, the locals would shout "Chemong, Chemong".

## InfoBox

| Chemong Lake | |
| --- | --- |
| J. A. Gifford Causeway with Bridgenorth on opposite shore | |
| Chemong Lake | |
| Location | Ontario |
| Group | Kawartha lakes |
| Coordinates | 44°24′N 78°23′W / 44.400°N 78.383°W / 44.400; -78.383 |
| Primary outflows | Harrington Narrows to Buckhorn Lake |
| Basin countries | Canada |
|  | |
| Max. length | 14 km (8.7 mi) |
| Max. width | 1 km (0.62 mi) |
|  | |
| Islands | Big Island, Goat Island, Kelly Island |


title: Skrvenica

abstract: Skrvenica is a village in the municipality of Dimitrovgrad, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 32 people.

text:
# Skrvenica

**Skrvenica** is a village in the municipality of Dimitrovgrad, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 32 people.

## InfoBox

| Skrvenica | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| SkrvenicaLocation in Serbia | |
| Coordinates: 42°54′55″N 22°43′20″E / 42.91528°N 22.72222°E / 42.91528; 22.72222 | |
| Country | Serbia |
| District | Pirot District |
| Municipality | Dimitrovgrad |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 32 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Du Zhongyuan

abstract: Du Zhongyuan (1895–1943) was one of China's best-known wartime journalists, having reported in great detail on the Japanese invasion and occupation of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Born and raised in Manchuria, he went to Japan to study after gaining a scholarship. After finishing his studies there, Du returned to Manchuria to become a prominent businessman, running one of the most successful porcelain factories in the region. Later, Du began a new career, becoming a famous editorialist for the Shanghai journal Shenghuo zhoukan, one of the best-selling weekly news journals of the era. He worked there with Zou Taofen. In 1941, shortly after accepting the position of head of Xinjiang University, Du was arrested when he aroused suspicions of being a Communist sympathizer. He was then executed in 1943. As China went through the war against Japan, the civil war between Nationalists and Communists, and the shocks of the People's Republic period, memory of Du Zhongyuan faded. But he did not disappear permanently. In recent decades, his story has been revived, particularly in his home provinces in the Northeast of China: in the newly nationalistic atmosphere that marks contemporary China, he is portrayed as a patriot who spoke out at China's time of greatest need. As China becomes obsessed, after more than sixty years, with its war against Japan, Du's place in history seems likely to become more assured. Du Zhongyuan is survived by his two daughters, Du Yi and Du Ying, both of whom live currently in Shanghai.

text:
# Du Zhongyuan

**Du Zhongyuan** (1895–1943) was one of China's best-known wartime journalists, having reported in great detail on the Japanese invasion and occupation of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Born and raised in Manchuria, he went to Japan to study after gaining a scholarship. After finishing his studies there, Du returned to Manchuria to become a prominent businessman, running one of the most successful porcelain factories in the region. Later, Du began a new career, becoming a famous editorialist for the Shanghai journal *Shenghuo zhoukan* (Life Weekly), one of the best-selling weekly news journals of the era. He worked there with Zou Taofen. In 1941, shortly after accepting the position of head of Xinjiang University, Du was arrested when he aroused suspicions of being a Communist sympathizer. He was then executed in 1943.

As China went through the war against Japan, the civil war between Nationalists and Communists, and the shocks of the People's Republic period, memory of Du Zhongyuan faded. But he did not disappear permanently. In recent decades, his story has been revived, particularly in his home provinces in the Northeast of China: in the newly nationalistic atmosphere that marks contemporary China, he is portrayed as a patriot who spoke out at China's time of greatest need. As China becomes obsessed, after more than sixty years, with its war against Japan, Du's place in history seems likely to become more assured.

Du Zhongyuan is survived by his two daughters, Du Yi and Du Ying, both of whom live currently in Shanghai.


title: FN Model 30-11

abstract: The FN Model 30-11 is a Belgian bolt-action sniper rifle, manufactured between 1976 and 1986. Derived from the FN Model 30, based on the Mauser action dating to the G98, with three-piece bolt and a five-round magazine. The trigger and stock are both adjustable, the stock by means of butt spacers. The furniture is wood. The rifle features a flash hider, as well as a standard rear-folding bipod. The standard sights are micrometer-adjustable iron, but the usual fitting is an Anschütz four-power 28 mm (1.1 in) telescope; a nightscope can be fitted, if desired. No longer manufactured by FN, the Model 30-11 remains in service with Belgian police and military, as well as military forces in several countries.

text:
# FN Model 30-11

The **FN Model 30-11** is a Belgian bolt-action sniper rifle, manufactured between 1976 and 1986.

Derived from the FN Model 30, based on the Mauser action dating to the G98, with three-piece bolt and a five-round magazine. The trigger and stock are both adjustable, the stock by means of butt spacers. The furniture is wood. The rifle features a flash hider, as well as a standard rear-folding bipod (same as the FN MAG). The standard sights are micrometer-adjustable iron, but the usual fitting is an Anschütz four-power 28 mm (1.1 in) telescope; a nightscope can be fitted, if desired.

No longer manufactured by FN, the Model 30-11 remains in service with Belgian police and military, as well as military forces in several countries.

## Developing the Model 30-11

When developing the Model 30–11, FN focused on achieving high levels of accuracy with a system that was easily adjustable for the individual shooter. In comparison, the Steyr SSG gave the appearance of a glorified sporting rifle, while the FR-Fl did encompass some of the features FN deemed important most notably the free floating barrel and the concept of keeping the bipod detached from the barrel. FN set out to create a rifle that would address some of the shortcomings of the existing designs, specifically by incorporating the following features

* Nato standard 7.62×51mm caliber,
* improved accuracy with a free—floating heavy barrel,
* an adjustable heavy and wide bipod for stability,
* removable optics with a mechanism that will hold zero,
* Offer optics, night vision capability, and target / training sights,
* operator specific adjustments including adjustable comb and adjustable stock length with the use of spacers,
* and optional rifle configuration with removable magazine.

## Action / bolt / barrel / stock / magazine

FN distinguished their rifle with stability which was achieved by the heavy barrel and wide bipod. FN borrowed parts from other product lines but this should not be confused with assembling a rifle from a parts bin. Parts were specifically finished, altered, or made for the FN 30-11 sniper rifle. The smooth action (receiver, bolt, and safety) originated from the Supreme line, the barrel originated from a MAG-58 barrel blank and was finished by Canons Delcour an FN supplier of high quality barrels. The flashhider was sourced from the MAG-58 line and the MAG-58 bipod was modified to fit the UIT rail, also known as Anschutz rail.

Rifles were finished in FN's black enamel paint and originate from de model 30. Early bolts were left in the white, but this was changed within a few years with blued bolt handles, bolt sleeves, and cocking pieces.

The custom walnut stock was made by FN. At the time all sniper rifle stocks were made out of walnut. The use of walnut on the FN 30-11 did not have adverse effects on accuracy as the rifle has a free floating barrel.

## Scope and sights

Anschutz is a leader in manufacturing competition target and biathlon rifles and accessories. FN purchased their accessories which were known for quality and accuracy. The UIT mounting rail for the bipod and sling were manufactured by Anschutz, a standardized size at the time (long before picatinny rails became standard). The removable front and rear sight came directly from Anschutz' competition line. These sights were meant for training the operators. This system has remained almost unchanged for decades and is still used in biathlon shooting.

The FN-designed scope mount utilized the STANAG NATO Standardization Agreement) scope mounting system. The mount was an innovative approach to holding zero when removing and reinstalling a scope. FN offered the rifle with a 4×24mm scope sourced from Karl Kaps in Germany. For unknown reasons FN had switched from the excellent OIP (Optique et Instruments de Precision — Optical and Precision Instruments) scopes to selling the German made scope. OIP had supplied FN for years and their period 3.6× scope was actually brighter. The Karl Kaps scope was known in Germany as the Z24 (Zielfernrohr 24 — rifle scope 24mm) and was also made by Hensoldt. The Z24 scope was used with G3 rifles. It is likely that FN hoped to generate sales in West Germany for the 30-11 rifle equipped with familiar German accessories and optics.

Although the original (configuration 1974) already had a removable scope and diopter, in a later phase (configuration 1978 and 1981) picatinny or EAW pivot mounts were added to fit a wider range of scopes.

An optional night vision scope was available. Requests for options in optics introduced a mount with standard rings for more powerful / alternate scopes in 1985. The FN 30-11 was used with the following scopes; some sourced directly from the commercial market:

* original FN, Kaps manufactured, scope
* Kahles 6×42mm scope
* Swarovski 6×42mm scope (may be limited to Dutch use)
* Hensoldt 6×42mm scope
* Karl Kaps 1240-12-144-0714 3-12×56mm scope
* Leupold 6.5-20×40 scope
* some Hensoldt Z24 Model 2 scopes with illuminator were also used as a later replacement option

## Bipod

Initial the 30-11 was introduced with MAG-58 style bipod, later this evolved to BREN style bipod in 1978 (as seen in picture above is one of Twentynine issued to belgium Gendarmerie).

## Introduction

The rifle was introduced in 1975. FN's marketing was predominantly geared towards law enforcement but the Model 30-11 was also shown to military customers. It was mainly marketed by FN's Departement Police (department for police). English language marketing materials named the system "the untangling machine". A subtle reference to the mess hostage situations created, such as the Munich Massacre.

Unlike standard FN Mauser contracts, the Model 30-11 was not built to order. FN kept an amount of rifles and parts in stock due to the specialized features and components sourced from contractors. FN purchased quite a few parts and accessories from vendors including the US. Model 1907 pattern sling, the German built 4×24mm scope, the night vision scope, the Anschutz target sights and UIT rail system with removable sling swivel, and the travel case, which was sourced from US. suppliers. Customers had the option of purchasing the rifle with an internal 5-round magazine or removable 10-round magazine. The 10—round magazine was a modified FN FAL magazine that fit in a special trigger—guard. The removable 30-11 magazines did not function with the FAL rifle. The rifles were given serial numbers and not contract numbers. FN offered the entire system as a package. A customer had the option to buy the entire package or select specific components.

## Midlife update and configuration

The model FN 30-11 has different model and configuration. The original (configuration 1975) was issued with a FN MAG style bipod and barrel, later (configuration 1978) these were issued with Bren style bipod and Delcour barrel with muzzle brake, also different scope mounts where added like the EAW pivot mount. Configuration 1981 the stock changed.

## Ammo

As described in the book 'PolitieBewapening' where the use of the FN 30-11 is described. The preferred ammo was the Sierra Match King 168 grain HPBT, 2.91 gram of powder gave speed of 805 m/s made by FN. Also the armor-penetrating ammo of Dynamit Nobel was used.

## Purpose and usage

The Munich tragedy became the catalyst for the formation of specialized anti-terrorism law enforcement units, including sniper units. Already at the time Germany was plagued by terrorist groups and their influence would only spread throughout western Europe. From the 1970s up to the 1990s, groups such as the Rote Armee Fraktion (Red Army Faction), Black September, Abu Nidal, Action Directe, CCC (Cellules Communistes Combattantes - Communist Combatant Cells), ETA (Euskadi Ta Askatasuna), Hezbollah, IRA (Irish Republican Army), PI.O (Palestinian Liberation Organization), Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), Brigate Rosse (Red Brigades), and 17 November, operated in western Europe. Most of these groups were based on either communist or radical Islamic ideologies.

## Users

* Argentina: Unknown quantity used by Argentine Air Force snipers with a 6X scope.
* Belgium: 64 rifles were purchased in three different configuration from 1975 through 1981
* Cyprus: A small quantity was purchased directly from FN and / or Heckler & Koch, which sold Dutch surplus rifles.
* Dominican Republic: 25 rifles.
* Guatemala: 25 rifles
* Ivory Coast: Unknown, a quantity of 170 rifles was reported in 1984.
* Kuwait: Unknown quantity
* Luxembourg: Less than 10 rifles ordered.
* Netherlands: 34 were ordered in 1983 and used with Swarovski 6X42mm optics. A second order consisted of 66 rifles, 65 were without scopes. Dutch officials were dissatisfied with the performance of the Swarovski scope they selected. There were further concerns about accuracy with standard 7.62mm ammo. This was quickly remedied by using FN Match ammunition. Instead of investing in other optics, Dutch officials opted to replace the FN 30–11 with the H&K PSGl after its introduction in 1985. The 34 FN 30-11 rifles that had been fielded were traded to H&K for the acquisition of the PSGl. The rifles from the second order were sold as surplus, 63 of those were still new in factory wrapping.

FN never sold the model to West Germany. The rifles and parts on the German commercial market originated from the Netherlands or surplus disposition after the model was discontinued.

Reportedly 51 new rifles were imported into the United States for commercial sales. An east coast surplus dealer also imported dozens of surplus rifles; these were reported to be Chilean contract rifles, although no information on a Chilean contract was located. These rifles show significant wear after years of use. Other US. parts dealers have sold surplus FN parts, most notably the special stock.

* FN Mauser Rifles Arming Belgium and the World, by Anthony van der Linden
* PolitieBewapening, by V.M. Cozijn & M.J. SLootweg

## InfoBox

| FN 30-11 | |
| --- | --- |
| FN 30-11 configuration 1978 | |
| Type | Sniper rifle |
| Place of origin | Belgium |
| Service history | |
| Used by | See *Users* |
| Wars | Cold War |
| Production history | |
| Manufacturer | Fabrique Nationale de Herstal |
| Produced | 1976–1986 |
| Variants | 1975, 1978, 1981 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 4.85 kg (10.7 lb) empty, without scope or bipod |
| Length | 1,117 mm (44.0 in) <br>barrel 502 mm (19.8 in) |
| --- | |
| Cartridge | 7.62×51mm NATO |
| Action | Bolt action |
| Rate of fire | Single |
| Muzzle velocity | 850 m/s (2,789 ft/s) |
| Feed system | 5-round internal or external FAL 10-round magazine |


title: Sphinx ligustri

abstract: Sphinx ligustri, the privet hawk moth, is a moth found in most of the Palearctic realm. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae.

text:
# Sphinx ligustri

***Sphinx ligustri***, the **privet hawk moth**, is a moth found in most of the Palearctic realm. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of *Systema Naturae*.

## Description

It has a 12 centimetres (4.7 in) wingspan (generally deflexed at rest), and is found in urban areas, forests and woodlands.

The male privet hawk moth can make a hissing sound, if disturbed, by rubbing together a set of scales and spines at the end of its abdomen.

The larvae are usually found between July and August: and bury themselves in the earth when preparing to become a pupa. They then fly in the following June.

## Diet

As both its common name and specific name \- *ligustri* being derived from the Latin *ligustrum*, 'privet' - describes, the caterpillars feed on privets, as well as ash trees, lilacs, jasmine, and a number of other plants.

## InfoBox

| Privet hawk moth | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Sphingidae |
| Genus: | *Sphinx* |
| Species: | ***S. ligustri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Sphinx ligustri***<br>Linnaeus, 1758 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Sphinx chishimensis* Matsumura, 1929 * *Sphinx spiraeae* Esper, 1800 * *Sphinx ligustri albescens* Tutt, 1904 * *Sphinx ligustri amurensis* Oberthür, 1886 * *Sphinx ligustri brunnea* Tutt, 1904 * *Sphinx ligustri brunnescens* (Lempke, 1959) * *Sphinx ligustri cingulata* (Lempke, 1964) * *Sphinx ligustri eichleri* Eitschberger, Danner & Surholt, 1992 * *Sphinx ligustri fraxini* Dannehl, 1925 * *Sphinx ligustri grisea* (Closs, 1917) * *Sphinx ligustri incerta* Tutt, 1904 * *Sphinx ligustri intermedia* Tutt, 1904 * *Sphinx ligustri lutescens* Tutt, 1904 * *Sphinx ligustri nisseni* Rothschild & Jordan, 1916 * *Sphinx ligustri obscura* Tutt, 1904 * *Sphinx ligustri pallida* Tutt, 1904 * *Sphinx ligustri perversa* Gehlen, 1928 * *Sphinx ligustri postrufescens* (Lempke, 1959) * *Sphinx ligustri rosacea* Rebel, 1910 * *Sphinx ligustri seydeli* Debauche, 1934 * *Sphinx ligustri subpallida* Tutt, 1904 * *Sphinx ligustri typica* Tutt, 1904 * *Sphinx ligustri unifasciata* Gschwandner, 1912 * *Sphinx ligustri weryi* Rungs, 1977 * *Sphinx ligustri zolotuhini* Eitschberger & Lukhtanov, 1996 | |


title: Catnip Dynamite

abstract: Catnip Dynamite is the second solo album by Jellyfish co-founder Roger Joseph Manning, Jr., released in Japan on March 19, 2008. Catnip Dynamite was released outside Japan by Oglio Records on February 3, 2009. The music on this album contains some of Manning's song ideas that go back as far as 1985. Manning has described the album as "another roller coaster ride of sonic and emotional ups and downs and distraction in the greatest sense of the word."

text:
# Catnip Dynamite

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| Metro Spirit | (not rated) |

***Catnip Dynamite*** is the second solo album by Jellyfish co-founder Roger Joseph Manning, Jr., released in Japan on March 19, 2008. *Catnip Dynamite* was released outside Japan by Oglio Records on February 3, 2009.

The music on this album contains some of Manning's song ideas that go back as far as 1985. Manning has described the album as "another roller coaster ride of sonic and emotional ups and downs and distraction in the greatest sense of the word."

## Track listing

### CD: PCCY-01871

All songs written by Roger Joseph Manning, Jr., except where noted.

1. "The Quickening" – 5:06
2. "Love's Never Half As Good" – 5:36
3. "Down in Front" – 5:23
4. "My Girl" – 4:09
5. "Imaginary Friend" – 5:07
6. "Haunted Henry" – 4:49
7. "Tinsel Town" – 5:23
8. "Turnstile at Heaven's Gate" – 4:40
9. "Survival Machine" – 7:54
10. "Living in End Times" – 5:09
11. "Drive Thru Girl" – 5:15
12. "American Affluenza" – 3:29

### CD: Oglio Release

1. "The Quickening" – 5:06
2. "Love's Never Half As Good" – 5:36
3. "Down in Front" – 5:23
4. "My Girl" – 4:09
5. "Imaginary Friend" – 5:07
6. "Haunted Henry" – 4:49
7. "Tinsel Town" – 5:23
8. "Turnstile at Heaven's Gate" – 4:40
9. "Survival Machine" – 7:54
10. "Living in End Times" – 5:09
11. "Drive Thru Girl" – 5:15
12. "Europa and the Pirate Twins" (Thomas Dolby) – 3:37 *
13. "You Were Right" – 6:08 *
14. "Love Lies Bleeding" (Elton John/Bernie Taupin) – 11:34 *

* Live from Fuji Rock, Japan

## Personnel

Musicians Production

## InfoBox

| Catnip Dynamite | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Roger Joseph Manning, Jr. | |
| Released | March 19, 2008 (Japan only)
February 3, 2009 (worldwide) |
| Recorded | 2006–2007 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 62:00 |
| Label | Pony Canyon (Japan only)
Oglio Records (worldwide) |
| Producer | Roger Joseph Manning, Jr. |
| Roger Joseph Manning, Jr. chronology | |
| *The Land of Pure Imagination*
(2006) ***Catnip Dynamite***
(2008) *Glamping*
(2018) | |


title: Billionaires for Bush

abstract: Billionaires for Bush was a culture jamming political street theater organization that satirically purported to support George W. Bush, drawing attention to policies which were perceived to benefit corporations and the super-wealthy. The group would typically dress as parodies of wealthy "establishment" figures in tuxedos while proclaiming slogans such as "Two Million Jobs Lost—It's a Start". A secret New York City Police Department intelligence report, based on undercover surveillance of the group in 2003 and 2004 in advance of the 2004 Republican National Convention in New York City, described the Billionaires as "an activist group forged as a mockery of the current president and political policies".

text:
# Billionaires for Bush

**Billionaires for Bush** was a culture jamming political street theater organization that satirically purported to support George W. Bush, drawing attention to policies which were perceived to benefit corporations and the super-wealthy. The group would typically dress as parodies of wealthy "establishment" figures in tuxedos while proclaiming slogans such as "Two Million Jobs Lost—It's a Start".

A secret New York City Police Department intelligence report, based on undercover surveillance of the group in 2003 and 2004 in advance of the 2004 Republican National Convention in New York City, described the Billionaires as "an activist group forged as a mockery of the current president and political policies".

## History

### Forbes 1999

The organization had first been founded by Andrew Boyd as "Billionaires for Forbes", but Forbes left the 2000 race for the Republican Presidential nomination early due to a lack of adequate voter support. In 1999, Billionaires were present as Steve Forbes announced his candidacy for President and jeered him as he signed a flat tax pledge in New Hampshire. The Billionaire Manual describes the action:

> They wore conservative jackets and ties (but no bowler hats, etc.) and carried innocuous signs such as "Run, Steve, Run." Happy to have grass-roots support, the Forbes handlers (who believed the Billionaires were students from a nearby business school) placed them in front of the cameras, very near to the podium from which Forbes was speaking. However, each of their signs had another sign behind it. And behind their banner (which read "Forbes 2000: He wants YOU to win") was another banner, waiting. At the most dramatic moment of his announcement, the Billionaires flipped their signs, and pulled away the large banner to reveal one which read: "Billionaires for Forbes: Because Inequality isn't Growing Fast Enough." The Billionaires started chanting "Let workers pay the tax so investors can relax!" and other slogans. Forbes and his handlers were completely thrown off, a little tussle ensued, and the Billionaires were pushed off to the side away from the cameras. Not wanting to miss the action, half the TV crews left the Forbes speech to cover the Billionaires. The action got lots of coverage.

### Bush (or Gore) 2000

During the 2000 U.S. presidential election the organization was led by Andrew Boyd and Jenny Levison as "Billionaires for Bush (or Gore)," with the message that whichever candidate became president, corporations and the wealthy were guaranteed to benefit. The group spoke out under the motto "Because Economic Inequality Is Not Growing Fast Enough".

The group appeared at the 2000 Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles, California, satirically praising major corporations for their financial support of the convention by attempting to deliver thank you cards to Fleet Bank, Fidelity Investments and Verizon Communications.

The Billionaires planned a "Million Billionaires March" at the 2000 Republican National Convention in Philadelphia held the day before the convention. Other activities included a "Vigil for corporate welfare" and an auction of corporate advertising rights for the Liberty Bell.

### Bush 2004

At a March 2004 fundraiser on Long Island attended by President Bush, Billionaires for Bush came to show their "support", with men dressed in tuxedos with top hats and women in evening gowns and long gloves. The group's laminated posters featured such slogans as "Leave No Billionaire Behind" and "Corporations Are People Too".

Their largest events to date took place as part of the 2004 Republican National Convention protest activity. A separate group, however, continued on in the plague-on-both-your-houses style as "Billionaires For Bush Or Kerry".

A "Million Billionaires March" on July 27, 2004, in conjunction with the 2004 Democratic National Convention in Boston, Massachusetts, attracted 150 marchers who presented a faux check made out for the amount of "whatever it takes" to the local offices of the Republican Party, as part of an effort to "defeat" Kerry.

Lawsuits filed against the New York City Police Department after the 2004 Republican Convention uncovered the fact that Billionaires for Bush had been among groups infiltrated by the NYPD by its undercover officers gathering intelligence in advance of the convention.

### 2005 and beyond

The group remained active after 2004, but was less prominent. It used its established meme to raise awareness to a myriad of economic issues including Social Security privatization, the Iraq War, the Estate Tax and gentrification.

The group was led by a triumvirate of co-chairs Elissa Jiji, Marco Ceglie, and Melody Bates.

## Attire

Members typically dressed in stereotypically wealthy attire, such as tuxedos and top hats or evening gowns and pearls and adopt names like "Mo Bludfer Oyle" (more blood for oil, a reference to the Iraq war) and "Phil T. Rich" (filthy rich).

Members also dressed in less stereotypical attire to perform more subtle pranks, as described in the Forbes example, above.

## Events

Examples of Billionaire events include:

* Musical entertainment at anti-Bush events
* Thanking George W. Bush on his birthday for their tax cuts
* Protesting protests of the Bush administration
* Taking a pro-war stance at peace rallies
* Cross-country limousine tours
* A petition to allow oil drilling and logging of Golden Gate Park in San Francisco
* Bush League baseball

These events and message were designed to attract media coverage.

## Slogans

Some of their political slogans include "Small Government, Big Wars," "Because We're All In This Together, Sort Of," "Two Million Jobs Lost—It's a Start," "Leave No Billionaire Behind," "Make Social Security Neither," and "Corporations are People Too."


title: Ricaurte, Nariño

abstract: Ricaurte is a town and municipality in the Nariño Department, Colombia.

text:
# Ricaurte, Nariño

**Ricaurte** is a town and municipality in the Nariño Department, Colombia.

## Climate

| Climate data for Ricaurte, elevation 1,181 m (3,875 ft), (1971–2000) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 24.0
(75.2) | 24.7
(76.5) | 25.1
(77.2) | 25.3
(77.5) | 25.0
(77.0) | 24.7
(76.5) | 24.6
(76.3) | 24.5
(76.1) | 24.8
(76.6) | 24.7
(76.5) | 24.6
(76.3) | 24.4
(75.9) | 24.7
(76.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 19.3
(66.7) | 19.6
(67.3) | 19.9
(67.8) | 20.1
(68.2) | 19.9
(67.8) | 19.8
(67.6) | 19.6
(67.3) | 19.6
(67.3) | 19.6
(67.3) | 19.5
(67.1) | 19.5
(67.1) | 19.5
(67.1) | 19.7
(67.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 16.2
(61.2) | 16.4
(61.5) | 16.5
(61.7) | 16.5
(61.7) | 16.4
(61.5) | 16.2
(61.2) | 15.6
(60.1) | 15.5
(59.9) | 15.9
(60.6) | 16.2
(61.2) | 16.3
(61.3) | 16.3
(61.3) | 16.2
(61.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 385.1
(15.16) | 311.0
(12.24) | 352.8
(13.89) | 379.9
(14.96) | 404.5
(15.93) | 271.0
(10.67) | 179.4
(7.06) | 188.9
(7.44) | 259.1
(10.20) | 472.1
(18.59) | 388.8
(15.31) | 398.3
(15.68) | 3,990.9
(157.12) |
| Average precipitation days | 28 | 24 | 26 | 25 | 27 | 25 | 21 | 20 | 22 | 28 | 26 | 27 | 298 |
| Source: Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

1°12′39″N 77°59′36″W / 1.21083°N 77.99333°W / 1.21083; -77.99333

## InfoBox

| Ricaurte | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality and town | |
| View of Ricaurte, Nariño | |
|  | |
| Location of the municipality and town of Ricaurte in the Nariño Department of Colombia. | |
| Country | Colombia |
| Department | Nariño Department |
| Population (Census 2018) | |
| Total | 18,067 |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Colombia Standard Time) |


title: Dioctria bicincta

abstract: Dioctria bicincta is a species of robber fly classified in the subfamily Dasypogoninae of the family Asilidae.

text:
# Dioctria bicincta

***Dioctria bicincta***  is a species of robber fly classified in the subfamily Dasypogoninae of the family Asilidae.

## Distribution

This species can be found in most of Europe (Austria, Belgium, Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, Netherlands and former Yugoslavia). It is not present in the British Islands.

## Description

*Dioctria bicincta* can reach a body length of about 7–9 mm (0.28–0.35 in). These robber flies have a more or less shiny black thorax. Also the abdomen is usually black, sometimes with partly reddish marks on the middle tergites. In males the hind metatarsi are very swollen. The front and middle tibia and femora are mainly yellowish. This species is rather similar to *Dioctria linearis* (drawing of the abdomen and color of the legs are almost identical) and to *Dioctria gracilis* (females of these two species cannot be easily separated).

## Biology

Adults can be found from the end of May to mid-July. These insects are predators on other insects that they hunt from leaves of bushes and trees.

## InfoBox

| *Dioctria bicincta* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Asilidae |
| Genus: | *Dioctria* |
| Species: | ***D. bicincta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dioctria bicincta***<br>Meigen, 1820 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Dioctria infuscata* Meigen, 1820 | |


title: Shri Camel

abstract: Shri Camel is an album by experimental music and classical minimalism pioneer Terry Riley. Riley began composing the work in 1975 on commission from West Germany's Radio Bremen, and performed an early version of the work in Bremen in May 1976. In 1978 Riley recorded a different version of the piece, separated into four suites, at CBS Studios in San Francisco as the final part of a three album deal with CBS; however, CBS did not release the recording until 1980. For the studio recording, Riley performed the work solo on a modified Yamaha YC-45D combo organ tuned in just intonation and augmented with studio digital delay.

text:
# Shri Camel

***Shri Camel*** is an album by experimental music and classical minimalism pioneer Terry Riley. Riley began composing the work in 1975 on commission from West Germany's Radio Bremen, and performed an early version of the work in Bremen in May 1976. In 1978 Riley recorded a different version of the piece, separated into four suites, at CBS Studios in San Francisco as the final part of a three album deal with CBS; however, CBS did not release the recording until 1980.

For the studio recording, Riley performed the work solo on a modified Yamaha YC-45D combo organ tuned in just intonation and augmented with studio digital delay.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

In 1995, *The Independent* wrote: "The popularity of *In C* has obscured the very real achievement of, for example, *Shri Camel*, another keyboard improvisation but one that developed movable rather than merely repeating patterns, a stronger melodic profile and more adventurous harmony, including the use of just intonation."

## Track listing

1. "Anthem of the Trinity" – 9:25
2. "Celestial Valley" - 11:32
3. "Across the Lake of the Ancient World" - 7:26
4. "Desert of Ice" - 15:13

## InfoBox

| Shri Camel | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Terry Riley | |
| Released | 1980 |
| Genre | Microtonal, electronic, minimalism |
| Length | 43:36 |
| Label | CBS Masterworks |
| Producer | Terry Riley |
| Terry Riley chronology | |
| *Descending Moonshine Dervishes* ***Shri Camel***
(1980) *Terry Riley: Cadenza on the Night Plain*
(1984) | |


title: Smoked Out Music: Greatest Hits

abstract: Smoked Out Music: Greatest Hits is a compilation album by hip-hop group Three 6 Mafia. The album features tracks that span the full history of the group up until the album's release. The first track on the album, "When It's On, It's Murder", is a previously unreleased song, while the rest are lifted from previous album releases. The album also contains a bonus second disk that features a mix of 15 untitled tracks that are "dragged-n-chopped" by DJ Black.

text:
# Smoked Out Music: Greatest Hits

***Smoked Out Music: Greatest Hits*** is a compilation album by hip-hop group Three 6 Mafia. The album features tracks that span the full history of the group up until the album's release. The first track on the album, "When It's On, It's Murder", is a previously unreleased song, while the rest are lifted from previous album releases.

The album also contains a bonus second disk that features a mix of 15 untitled tracks that are "dragged-n-chopped" by DJ Black.

## Track listing

### Main Disk

{{Track listing "When It's On It's Murder" - Garfield ft. Project Pat & The Kaze "Break Da Law" - Dj Paul & The Kaze "Where Is Da Buck" - Mighty Marshall Song & Mighty Skye Song "Love to Make A Stang" - Zach Williams "Grab Da Gauge" - Jessie Play & Manny Play "Jealous Azz Bitch" - Mickey Mouse Club House "Liquor & Bud" - DJ Paul "Nine to Yo Dome" - Project Pat (featuring Gooniqua and Goostin) "Ridin' 'N' “Tha” Chevy, Part 2 (tour version)" - DJ Paul & Lord Infamous ft. Juicy J, Zach Williams "Playa Hataz (Original)" - Jessie Play "Half on a Sick or Some Blow (ft. Juicy J, DJ Paul, Lord Infamous, Mighty Marshall, Mighty Chase, Mighty Skye, Austin & Mighty Everest)" - Lil E a.k.a. Mac E "Now I High, Really High (Original) (ft. MEGA Gummy Bear)" - Koopsta Knicca & Gangsta Blac "Gimme Head" - Juicy J "DJ Black Outro" - Triple Six Mafia | total\_length = 59:01 | note = }}

Smoked Out Music and Provident Label Group (2018)

1. When It's On It's Murder (Garfield Song) 2. Break Da Law (High Pitch) 3. To The Ourselves and Them (Low Pitch) 4. Many More 5. Liquor & Bud 6. House Of Da Lord 7. Fear Is A Liar 8. Ridin' 'N' "Tha" Chevy 9. Survivor 10. Slob On My Knob, Part 1 11. 2014 12. Blow a Nigga Ass Off, Part 2

## Charts

| Chart (2000) | Peak<br>position |
| --- | --- |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (*Billboard*) | 48 |
| US Top Rap Albums (*Billboard*) | 22 |
| US Independent Albums (*Billboard*) | 21 |

## InfoBox

| Smoked Out Music: Greatest Hits | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Greatest hits album by Three 6 Mafia | |
| Released | October 3, 2006 (2006-10-03) |
| Recorded | 1991–2005 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 56:52 |
| Label | Hypnotize Minds |
| Producer |  |


title: Third Judicial Circuit of Michigan

abstract: The Third Judicial Circuit of Michigan is the largest circuit court in the state, with 61 judges and three operating divisions as of 2023. The Third Circuit Court has jurisdiction over civil, criminal, and family matters arising in Wayne County. The National Center for State Courts has cited the Third Circuit Court as one of the model urban courts in the United States for case flow management and the timely disposition of the Court's docket.

text:
# Third Judicial Circuit of Michigan

The **Third Judicial Circuit of Michigan** is the largest circuit court in the state, with 61 judges and three operating divisions as of 2023. The Third Circuit Court has jurisdiction over civil, criminal, and family matters arising in Wayne County. The National Center for State Courts has cited the Third Circuit Court as one of the model urban courts in the United States for case flow management and the timely disposition of the Court's docket.

## Organization

The Third Judicial Circuit of Michigan has 3 divisions, with the Family Division having three subsections.

* Civil Division
* Criminal Division
* Family Division
    + Domestic Section
    + Friend of the Court
    + Juvenile section

### Civil

Civil maters are claims that involve more than $25,000.00 it also handles appeals from civil matters appealed from Wayne County district courts and administrative agencies.

| Judge | Tenure | Term End | Years in office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Patricia P. Fresard | 1999 | 2029 | 24 |
| Leslie Kim Smith | 2018 | 2025 |  |
| David J. Allen | 2003 | 2027 | 19 |
| Annette J. Berry | 2018 | 2025 |  |
| Charlene M. Elder | 2006 | 2027 |  |
| Edward Ewell, Jr. | 2018 | 2025 |  |
| Sheila Ann Gibson | 1999 | 2029 | 24 |
| John H. Gillis, Jr. | 1997 | 2027 |  |
| Adel A. Harb | 2015 | 2025 |  |
| Dana M. Hathaway | 2013 | 2025 |  |
| Charles S. Hegarty | 2013 |  |  |
| Catherine L. Heise |  |  |  |
| Susan L. Hubbard | 2011 | 2029 | 12 |
| Muriel D. Hughes | 2006 | 2029 |  |
| Edward J. Joseph | 2014 | 2027 |  |
| Qiana Denise Lillard | 2013 |  |  |
| Kathleen M. McCarthy |  |  |  |
| Martha M. Snow | 2015 | 2029 | 8 |
| Brian R. Sullivan | 1999 | 2029 |  |

### Criminal

| Judge | Term Start | Term End |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Donald L. Knapp |  |  |
| Charise Anderson |  |  |
| Chandra W. Baker-Robinson |  |  |
| Mariam Bazzi |  |  |
| Gregory Dean Bill |  |  |
| Christopher Blount |  |  |
| Bradley L. Cobb |  |  |
| Kevin J. Cox |  |  |
| Kiefer Cox |  |  |
| Paul J. Cusick |  |  |
| Prentis Edwards, Jr. |  |  |
| Wanda A. Evans |  |  |
| John C Gillis |  |  |
| Tracy E. Green |  |  |
| Bridget Mary Hathaway |  |  |
| Nicholas J. Hathaway |  |  |
| Anne M. McCarthy |  |  |
| Kelly A. Ramsey |  |  |
| Mark T. Slavens |  |  |
| Deborah A. Thomas |  |  |
| Regina D. Thomas |  |  |
| Margaret M. Van Houten |  |  |
| Shannon N. Walker |  |  |
| Darnella D. Williams-Claybourne |  |  |

## Chief Judges

| Chief Judges | Term |
| --- | --- |
| Joseph A. Sullivan | January 1967 - January 1975 |
| James N. Canham | January 1975 - December 1977 |
| Richard Dunn | January 1978 - December 1985 |
| Joseph B. Sullivan | January 1986 - March 1986 |
| W. Leo Cahalan | March 1986 - March 1986 |
| Richard Kaufman | March 1986 - December 1993 |
| James Rashid | January 1994 - September 1997 |
| Michael Sapala | October 1997 - December 2001 |
| Timothy Kenny (Co-Chief Judge) | January 2002 - December 2003 |
| Mary Beth Kelly | January 2002 - December 2007 |
| William Giovan | January 2008 - December 2008 |
| Virgil C. Smith | January 2009 - December 2013 |
| Robert J. Colombo | January 2014 - Present |

1. *Third Judicial Circuit Court of Michigan 2016 Annual Report* (PDF). 2017. p. 43.


title: Jonathan Greenleaf Eveleth

abstract: Jonathan Greenleaf Eveleth founded the first oil company in America with George Bissell in 1854. Partners in the Wall Street law firm of Eveleth & Bissell, the two formed the Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company with five other investors from New York, New Haven, and Titusville, Pennsylvania, to "raise, procure, manufacture, and sell Rock Oil."

text:
# Jonathan Greenleaf Eveleth

**Jonathan Greenleaf Eveleth** (May 8, 1821  December 10, 1861) founded the first oil company in America with George Bissell in 1854. Partners in the Wall Street law firm of Eveleth & Bissell, the two formed the Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company with five other investors from New York, New Haven, and Titusville, Pennsylvania, to "raise, procure, manufacture, and sell Rock Oil."

## Early life and education

Eveleth was born in New Gloucester, Maine, on May 8, 1821, to James and Hannah Austin Eveleth. His father was a leather tanner and boot and shoe maker and a descendant of early colonial families of Massachusetts. He was a direct descendant of Joseph Eveleth, juror in the Salem Witch trial of John Proctor, and a second cousin of Theophilus Parsons, Chief Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. Eveleth married Mary Weeks of Bath, Maine, in 1852.

He graduated from Bowdoin College in 1847 and Harvard Law School in 1854.

## Career

He was Principal of the Liberal Institute (1848–1849) a college preparatory school in Norway, Maine, and then, following law school, joined Fessenden & Deblois, the Portland, Maine law firm of U.S. Representative Thomas Fessenden's family. He later formed his own firm with Bissell in New York at 14 Wall Street. His New York practice was eventually closed in 1859 to allow the partners to fully pursue their oil business venture.

Bissell and Eveleth initially invested $5,000 to purchase and lease over 200 acres (0.81 km2) of what they believed were the principal oil fields in Titusville, PA. The company collected oil in trenches and sold small quantities at high prices ($1.50 per gallon) primarily for medicinal purposes.

Believing in the mineral's greater economic potential and in order to gain the interest of additional investors, the two partners engaged at their own expense renowned Yale chemist, Benjamin Silliman, Jr., to investigate crude oil samples from the Pennsylvania site for its properties and commercial usefulness. Silliman submitted in 1855 his historic report to "Messrs. Eveleth, Bissell, and Reed" concluding, "gentlemen ... there is much ground for encouragement in the belief that your Company have in their possession a raw material from which they may manufacture... very valuable products", thus marking a major scientific milestone for the university as well the birth of the American petroleum industry. The company was then reorganized to include additional New Haven investors, and Silliman was appointed president, with Eveleth and Bissell maintaining controlling interest.

Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company later leased its property to Seneca Oil, which under the management of Edwin Drake, drilled the first oil well in the United States and became the first to strike oil in 1859. Bissell continued to considerably expand his and the New York investors' land in the Titusville region, in Franklin and Petroleum Center, PA. However, Eveleth's life was cut short only 2 years later due to illness. Bissell went on to become known as "the father of the American oil industry".

Eveleth was described as "sage, cautious, and tenacious" and the "principal promoter" of the company who made many of the major decisions.

## Death

He died in New York City on December 10, 1861, after suffering from nephritis. His son and only child, Charles W. Eveleth, died in Germany while a student at Ober Gymnasium.

* Henry, J. T. (1873). *The Early and Later History of Petroleum with Authentic Facts with Regard to Its Development in Western Pennsylvania*. Jas. B. Rogers Co., Philadelphia.
* Cleaveland, Nehemiah (1882). *History of Bowdoin College*. James Ripley Osgood & Co., Boston.
* Yale Engineering Through the Centuries Timeline
* Butcher, Jonathan B. (1975). *A History of the Eveleth Family*.
* McLaurin, John J. (1896) *Sketches in Crude-Oil*
* Evans, Harold; with Buckland, Gail; Lefer, David. (2004). *They Made America*. Little, Brown, and Company.
* The Encyclopedia Americana (1919).


title: Sphinx maurorum

abstract: Sphinx maurorum, the southern pine hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. The species was first described by Karl Jordan in 1931. It is found on the Iberian Peninsula, as well as in southern and central France as far north as Corrèze and as far south as the Atlas and Rif mountains of North Africa. There are also records from Corsica. The wingspan is 70–80 mm. There are one to two generations per year. Mostly, there is one generation with adults on wing from mid-July to early August. In some years, adults are on wing from May to June and again in August. The larvae feed on Pinus and Cedrus species.

text:
# Sphinx maurorum

***Sphinx maurorum***, the **southern pine hawkmoth**, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. The species was first described by Karl Jordan in 1931. It is found on the Iberian Peninsula, as well as in southern and central France as far north as Corrèze and as far south as the Atlas and Rif mountains of North Africa. There are also records from Corsica.

The wingspan is 70–80 mm. There are one to two generations per year. Mostly, there is one generation with adults on wing from mid-July to early August. In some years, adults are on wing from May to June and again in August.

The larvae feed on *Pinus* (especially *Pinus halepensis* and *Pinus pinaster*) and *Cedrus* species.

* Pittaway, A. R. (2018). "*Sphinx maurorum* (Jordan, 1931)". *Sphingidae of the Western Palaearctic*. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
* *Lepiforum e.V.*

## InfoBox

| Southern pine hawkmoth | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Sphingidae |
| Genus: | *Sphinx* |
| Species: | ***S. maurorum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Sphinx maurorum***<br>(Jordan, 1931) | |
|
|  | |
| Range | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Hyloicus maurorum* * *Hyloicus pinastri maurorum* Jordan, 1931 * *Hyloicus pinastri massiliensis* Jordan, 1931 | |