title: Bowed tendon

abstract: Tendinitis/tendonitis is inflammation of a tendon, often involving torn collagen fibers. A bowed tendon is a horseman's term for a tendon after a horse has sustained an injury that causes swelling in one or more tendons creating a "bowed" appearance.

text:
# Bowed tendon

**Tendinitis**/tendonitis is inflammation of a tendon, often involving torn collagen fibers. A **bowed tendon** is a horseman's term for a tendon after a horse has sustained an injury that causes swelling in one or more tendons creating a "bowed" appearance.

## Description of tendinitis in horses

Tendinitis usually involves disruption of the tendon fibers. It is most commonly seen in the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in a front leg—the tendon that runs down the back of the leg, closest to the surface. Tendinitis creating a "bow" is uncommon in the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) of a front leg, but is not uncommon in the pastern and foot regions. Tendinitis of the SDFT or DDFT in the hind leg is less common.

When the SDFT is damaged significantly, there is a thickening of the tendon, giving it a bowed appearance when the leg is viewed from the side. Bows usually occur in the middle of the tendon region, although they may also be seen in the upper third, right below the knee or hock (high bows), and lower third, just above the fetlock (low bows).

## Causes and factors of tendinitis in horses

### Excessive Strain

Excessive strain on a tendon can damage its collagen fibers. This is most commonly seen in performance horses that gallop or jump, who usually strain a tendon as a result of fetlock overextension when their weight is loaded on one leg. The overextension of the fetlock causes overstretching of the flexor tendons, resulting in the rupture of tendon fibers. Horses in intense training, especially those that were not conditioned properly, may damage many collagen fibers. This may occur gradually or suddenly.

After the fibers are torn, the tendon hemorrhages and collects fluid (edema), creating swelling and lameness in the area as well as increasing the pressure. The increase in pressure may damage the tendon further by destroying the cross-linking of undamaged collagen fibers and preventing the flow of blood to the area.

### The SDFT

The middle third of the SDFT is most likely to suffer from tendinitis for several reasons.

The SDFT is narrower in its middle third than its top or bottom sections, making it weaker. The top and bottom of the SDFT has a better supply of blood as well, with the top third supplied by the vessels from the knee, and the bottom third supplied by the vessels in the fetlock. The middle third has a poor supply of blood, relying on the tiny vessels of the peritendon (the membrane that surrounds the tendons). If this supply is for some reason compromised, the collagen fibers in the area may die, weakening the tendon in that area and making it more likely to tear.

The SDFT branches below the fetlock, creating a sling under the back of the joint. Thus, overextension of the fetlock is more likely to overstretch the SDFT than the DDFT, which simply travels straight down behind the fetlock and pastern, to attach to the coffin bone.

### Other Factors

* Poor conformation: long, sloping pasterns and a long-toe, low-heel shape to the hoof (seen commonly in Thoroughbreds) predisposes a horse to tendinitis.
* Poor trimming and shoeing: such as a farrier that causes a hoof shape that predisposed the horse to tendon injuries (such as a long-toe and low-heel), or one that shoes a horse with toe grabs, which artificially create a long-toe and low heel by lifting the toe up.
* Improper conditioning: such as working a horse at an intensity that it has not yet been conditioned for, working an unfit horse, and continuing to work an extremely fatigued horse.
* Poor footing: working a horse on uneven or slippery footing can cause tendon strain, as well as deep, “thick” footing.

Each of these factors encourage the overextension of the fetlock and knee during work. Several of these factors at once can add up.

* Direct trauma to a tendon: such as when a horse hits its front leg with a hind hoof.

## Bandage bows

Bandage bows are caused by applying a bandage too tightly, creating an acute pressure injury to the tendons. The compression may cause the area to swell once the bandage is removed, giving a "bowed" appearance. However, the damage is often just to the skin and not to the tendon itself, but tendon injury can occur from impaired blood flow.

Horses with bandage bows usually respond to sweats or poultices. These treatments must be applied under a bandage that is not tightly fitted and the bandage should only be left on for a few hours. Cold hosing, NSAIDs and DMSO may also help.

## Signs of tendinitis in horses

Signs of acute tendinitis include swelling, heat, and pain when the affected area is palpated. If mild, swelling may not be readily apparent, although there will still be heat and pain in the area, as well as mild lameness. If more severe, the injury is usually accompanied by moderate lameness (2-3 on a scale of 5) with obvious swelling.

It is important not only to palpate the SDFT but the branches of the SDFT, the DDFT, check ligament, and suspensory ligament as well. These structures could have been damaged at the same time as the SDFT. Both legs should be checked, although tendinitis usually only occurs in one leg.

When the tendon is healed, it will still have a thickened, bowed appearance that feels firm and woody. However, all heat, lameness, and pain should disappear.

## Treatment of tendinitis in horses

Initial treatment of a bowed tendon should concentrate on anti-inflammatory therapies, including cold water or ice therapy, and anti-inflammatory medications on the direction of a veterinarian. The horse should be confined to a small area until the severity of the injury can be assessed with ultrasound. Standing bandages are helpful, but care should be taken to avoid applying them too tightly.

### Controlled exercise

Generally speaking, the most important aspect of long-term therapy is controlling the level of exercise. A balance must be struck between two competing ideas:

* The injured tendon is weakened, making it prone to further injury with excessive exercise.
* Tendons strengthen along lines of tension, which requires exercise.

For the first several months, large area turnout is discouraged, since even a small amount of running or playing could easily re-injure the weakened tendon. As the tendon heals, it is loaded in increasing amounts. The use of diagnostic ultrasonography is extremely valuable in guiding changes in workload.

### Adjunctive therapies

Many adjunctive therapies have been attempted to improve the quality of healing or to speed the recovery process. There is no consensus in the veterinary community as to which treatments are the most effective.

* A tissue regenerating bioscaffold material, being developed by TR BioSurgical, has unique properties that permits angiogenesis and produces fetal-like repair mechanisms, known to be involved in tissue turnover and repair. The new bioscaffold is currently being evaluated for a variety of connective tissue disorders in veterinary medicine. The bioscaffold structure is responsible for its non-immunogenic property and its ability to upregulate a variety of genes involved in tissue repair, as evidenced by gene microarray analysis and lead to a fetal like or regenerative tissue response. Depending on the tissue type, cells that bind to this bioscaffold will have significant, measurable increases in select tissue repair factors, including aggrecan, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transforming growth factors (TGF-β1 and TBF-β3), bone morphogenic protein (BMP-2) and other repair factors. These factors are important for cellular ingrowth, extracellular matrix turnover, scarless wound healing, and sustained vasculogenesis.
* Carbon fiber implants have been proven to be ineffective: these fibers are extremely strong, but inflexible, causing increased strain on adjacent normal tissue.
* Surgical drainage (tendon splitting) of core lesion tissue is controversial, but likely has some benefit in the early phases where the tear is filled with fluid. Once the lesion has granulated, this procedure is of questionable benefit.
* Extracorporeal shockwave therapy is now more commonly used as an adjunctive therapy.
* Proximal check ligament desmotomy has been shown to return horses to work faster, but is thought by some to predispose to suspensory ligament injury.
* Mesenchymal stem cells, derived from the affected horse's bone marrow or fat are currently being used as a potential therapy for SDFT tendinitis and other injuries.

## Prognosis of tendinitis in horses

The prognosis for return to full work depends on:

* The damage to the tendon: if there was not obvious disruption of the tendon fibers, or if the damage was minimal and healed quickly and completely, the horse has a better prognosis for returning to full work.
* The treatment used: horses with moderate or severe tendinitis have a better prognosis if managed conservatively (rested, brought back to work slowly), with about 50-60 percent returning to training. If they undergo surgery and are rehabilitated correctly, up to 70-80 percent return to full work.
* Use of the horse: horses that are used for athletic events that strain their tendons (eventing, racing) are less likely to return to their previous level of performance than those in less strenuous work (dressage, pleasure and trail riding).
* New treatments developed by VetCell Bioscience Ltd. and Vet-Stem involve the use of autologous mesenchymal stem cells to regenerate torn tendons.

The best way to ensure that an injured horse returns to full work is to rehabilitate the animal correctly. This includes slowly bringing the horse back into training, and giving the horse light exercise each day as the tendon is healing. An impatient trainer who rushes to bring the horse back to intense training is likely to cause re-injury of the tendon.

## Prevention of bowing and reducing the risk of re-injury to tendons

* Checking the Legs: especially after hard work, it is important to feel each leg for swelling and heat, and to palpate it for pain.
* Correct Trimming and Shoeing: a good farrier will trim the horse's feet correctly, preserving the pastern-hoof angle, and will properly support the horse’s heels.
* Bandaging: using properly applied exercise bandages can help prevent the overextension of the fetlock.
* Correct Conditioning: with a base of long, slow distance work, and a fitness schedule that is not increased too rapidly.
* Suspending Training: if any sign of heat, swelling, or pain is detected.

## Sources

King, Christine, BVSc, MACVSc, and Mansmann, Richard, VDM, PhD. "Equine Lameness." Equine Research, Inc. 1997. Pages 400-415, 532-533.


title: Bowed kite

abstract: Bowed kites such as the Japanese rokkaku, and traditional versions of the more familiar "diamond" shaped kites such as the Malay or Eddy, are tensioned into a bow in order to improve their stability to the point where a tail often becomes unnecessary. The classic long-tail diamond kite, with a simple two-point bridle, has its lateral roll or flutter (oscillation) greatly reduced or eliminated by a bow in its horizontal spar. Some modern designs use a fixed plastic joiner with a dihedral shape instead of a bowed spar to achieve the same stability effect.

text:
# Bowed kite

**Bowed kites** such as the Japanese rokkaku, and traditional versions of the more familiar "diamond" shaped kites such as the Malay or Eddy, are tensioned into a bow in order to improve their stability to the point where a tail often becomes unnecessary.

The classic long-tail diamond kite, with a simple two-point bridle, has its lateral roll or flutter (oscillation) greatly reduced or eliminated by a bow in its horizontal spar. Some modern designs use a fixed plastic joiner with a dihedral shape instead of a bowed spar to achieve the same stability effect.

* Kite Index Link Directory, For All Kite Related Websites.\*


title: Ruiu

abstract: Ruiu was a Nubian official at the beginning of the 18th Dynasty. He was chief of Teh-khet and was, therefore, a governor ruling a region in Lower Nubia for the Egyptian state. In the New Kingdom, Egyptian kings had conquered Lower Nubia. To secure control over the new region they appointed people of the local elite as governors. Teh-khet was a Nubian region that covered about Debeira and Serra. The local governors here formed a family, whilst the governor proper held the title chief of Teh-khet. Ruiu is mainly known from monuments of his children, and the only known monument commissioned by Ruiu himself is a stela that was bought onto Elephantine dedicated to his parents, his father Teti Djawia and his mother Ahhotep. The monument today is located in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow. Otherwise, Ruiu is mainly known from the inscriptions of his sons Djehutyhotep and Amenemhat. They also became chief of Teh-khet. In their inscriptions, they often mention that they were begotten of Ruiu. Ruiu was the brother of a certain official called Senmose who had a decorated tomb chapel at Qubbet el-Hawa. It is, therefore, possible to reconstruct a family of local, Nubian officials whose family members were in charge over three generations.

text:
# Ruiu

**Ruiu** was a Nubian official at the beginning of the 18th Dynasty. He was *chief of Teh-khet* and was, therefore, a governor ruling a region in Lower Nubia for the Egyptian state. In the New Kingdom, Egyptian kings had conquered Lower Nubia. To secure control over the new region they appointed people of the local elite as governors. Teh-khet was a Nubian region that covered about Debeira and Serra. The local governors here formed a family, whilst the governor proper held the title *chief of Teh-khet*.

Ruiu is mainly known from monuments of his children, and the only known monument commissioned by Ruiu himself is a stela that was bought onto Elephantine dedicated to his parents, his father Teti Djawia and his mother Ahhotep. The monument today is located in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow.

Otherwise, Ruiu is mainly known from the inscriptions of his sons Djehutyhotep and Amenemhat. They also became *chief of Teh-khet*. In their inscriptions, they often mention that they were *begotten of Ruiu*. Ruiu was the brother of a certain official called Senmose who had a decorated tomb chapel at Qubbet el-Hawa. It is, therefore, possible to reconstruct a family of local, Nubian officials whose family members were in charge over three generations.

1. V. Davies: *Statuette of Amenemhat*, in: D. Welsby, J. Anderson (editors): *Sudan, Ancient Treasures*, London 2004, British Museum Press, ISBN 0714119601, pp. 104-105, no. 78
2. Torgny Säve-Söderbergh: *New Kingdom Pharaonic Sites, The Finds and the Sites*, The Scandinavian Joint Expedition to Sudaneses Nubia, Volume 5:2, Uppsala 1991, ISBN 9170810303, pp. 191-192, Fig. 47, A3
3. Säve-Söderbergh: *New Kingdom Pharaonic Sites, The Finds and the Sites*, pp. 204-206
4. Säve-Söderbergh: *New Kingdom Pharaonic Sites, The Finds and the Sites*, pp. 191


title: Ruitz

abstract: Ruitz is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. The trumpeter Alexis Demailly was born in Ruitz in 1980.

text:
# Ruitz

**Ruitz** (French pronunciation: \[ʁɥi\]) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

The trumpeter Alexis Demailly was born in Ruitz in 1980.

## Geography

Ruitz is situated about 5 miles (8.0 km) southwest of Béthune and 36 miles (58 km) southwest of Lille, at the junction of the D72 and D86e roads.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 1,016 |  |
| 1975 | 1,035 | +0.27% |
| 1982 | 1,426 | +4.68% |
| 1990 | 1,594 | +1.40% |
| 1999 | 1,582 | −0.08% |
| 2007 | 1,486 | −0.78% |
| 2012 | 1,518 | +0.43% |
| 2017 | 1,583 | +0.84% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## Places of interest

* The church of St. Maurice, dating from the thirteenth century.
* The eighteenth-century chateau.

## InfoBox

| Ruitz | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall of Ruitz | |
| Location of Ruitz | |
| RuitzRuitz | |
| Coordinates: 50°28′06″N 2°35′25″E / 50.4683°N 2.5903°E / 50.4683; 2.5903 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Hauts-de-France |
| Department | Pas-de-Calais |
| Arrondissement | Béthune |
| Canton | Nœux-les-Mines |
| Intercommunality | CA Béthune-Bruay, Artois-Lys Romane |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Jean-Pierre Sansen |
| Area**1** | 4.96 km2 (1.92 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 1,509 |
| Density | 300/km2 (790/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 62727 /62620 |
| Elevation | 43–111 m (141–364 ft)
(avg. 62 m or 203 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Rudi Španzel

abstract: Rudi Španzel is a Slovenian painter.

text:
# Rudi Španzel

**Rudi Španzel** (born December 18, 1948, in Griže) is a Slovenian painter.

## Biography

Rudi Španzel graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts in Ljubljana. He is one of the few contemporary painters who create on the principle of Renaissance artists, who have insisted on realism and deep symbolism. He has received many domestic and foreign awards for achievements, among them the Prešeren Fund Award in 1985. He painted portraits on Slovenian tolar banknotes, in circulation from October 1991 until the introduction of euro in January 2007.


title: Rui Komatsu

abstract: Rui Komatsu is a Japanese footballer who last played for Giravanz Kitakyushu as a striker.

text:
# Rui Komatsu

**Rui Komatsu** (小松 塁, *Komatsu Rui*, born August 29, 1983 in Kōchi) is a Japanese footballer who last played for Giravanz Kitakyushu as a striker.

## Career

Komatsu was chosen as one of the Designated Players for Development by J. League and JFA in 2005 when he was a student of Kwansei Gakuin University. Because of this status, he was able to register as a Cerezo Osaka player while he was still eligible to play for his university club. However, he did not play any official match for Cerezo.

After graduating from university in 2006, he officially signed with Cerezo. On 12 August 2006, he made his J. League debut in a 1–0 loss against Omiya Ardija. Two month later, he was loaned out to Kyu-League side V-Varen Nagasaki.

He returned to Cerezo for the 2007 season and his first goal for the club in a 3-1 win against Mito HollyHock, on May 23. During the 2007 season, he managed to form a strike partnership with fellow striker Tatsuya Furuhashi, as the pair scored a total of 30 goals between them.

Due to injuries, after three years with Giravanz Kitakyushu, Rui Komatsu opted to quit football and retired in January 2018 to become a coach at Cerezo Osaka.

## Career statistics

### Club

*Updated to 26 February 2018*.

| Club | Season | League | | Emperor's Cup | | J. League Cup | | Asia | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Cerezo Osaka | 2006 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | | 1 | 0 |
| V-Varen Nagasaki | | 0 | 0 | - | | - | | - | | 0 | 0 |
| Cerezo Osaka | 2007 | 32 | 12 | 2 | 0 | - | | - | | 34 | 12 |
| | 2008 | 32 | 16 | 1 | 0 | - | | - | | 33 | 16 |
| | 2009 | 35 | 6 | 1 | 0 | - | | - | | 36 | 6 |
| | 2010 | 23 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 2 | - | | 29 | 4 |
| | 2011 | 23 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 33 | 7 |
| Kawasaki Frontale | 2012 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | | 15 | 0 |
| Oita Trinita | 2013 | 5 | 1 | - | | 2 | 0 | - | | 7 | 1 |
| V-Varen Nagasaki | | 12 | 4 | 1 | 0 | - | | - | | 13 | 4 |
| | 2014 | 30 | 4 | 3 | 1 | - | | - | | 33 | 5 |
| Giravanz Kitakyushu | 2015 | 41 | 18 | 2 | 1 | - | | - | | 43 | 19 |
| | 2016 | 33 | 4 | 0 | 0 | - | | - | | 33 | 4 |
| | 2017 | 14 | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | | - | | 15 | 1 |
| Career total | | 293 | 72 | 16 | 4 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 325 | 79 |

## InfoBox

Rui Komatsu
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Rui Komatsu | | |
| Date of birth | (1983-08-29) August 29, 1983 | | |
| Place of birth | Aki, Kōchi, Japan | | |
| Height | 1.91 m (6 ft 3 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Striker | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2002–2005 | Kansei Gakuin University | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2006–2011 | Cerezo Osaka | 146 | (41) |
| 2006 | V-Varen Nagasaki (loan) | 0 | (0) |
| 2012 | Kawasaki Frontale | 12 | (0) |
| 2013 | Oita Trinita | 5 | (1) |
| 2013–2014 | V-Varen Nagasaki | 42 | (8) |
| 2015–2017 | Giravanz Kitakyushu | 88 | (22) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 26 February 2018 | | | |


title: Rui Komatsuzaki

abstract: Rui Komatsuzaki is a Japanese illustrator and character designer. He is best known for designing and characterizing the cast members from the visual novel adventure games Danganronpa and the anime series Akudama Drive.

text:
# Rui Komatsuzaki

**Rui Komatsuzaki** (Japanese: 小松崎 類, Hepburn: *Komatsuzaki Rui*) is a Japanese illustrator and character designer. He is best known for designing and characterizing the cast members from the visual novel adventure games *Danganronpa* and the anime series *Akudama Drive*.

## Career

Komatsuzaki was a sculpture graduate before becoming involved with Spike, and *Danganronpa* was his first experience as a character designer. The word "Danganronpa" originated from Komatsuzaki which was first written in kanji but it was later taken to katakana for the logo.

For most games, he was in charge of designing characters with outstanding designs while the protagonist were meant to look like common people. As a result, Komatsuzaki designed Makoto Naegi character to wear a hoodie to complement his look, thinking the player was going to see his back a lot. After that, the artist added some character to his hair by adding an "antenna", and highlighted his "herbivore nature" by making him short. His coloring is subdued, but Komatsuzaki used a color palette he enjoyed. He also redesigned the older cast members from the first *Danganronpa* for the anime sequel *Danganronpa 3: The End of Hope's Peak High School* to make them look more mature, and illustrated the characters for the spin-off novel series *Zero*, *Kirigiri*, and *Togami*.

Besides *Danganronpa*, Komatsuzaki was one of many artists to design characters for *Fate/Grand Order*, an RPG mobile game based on the *Fate/stay night* series. He designed both Edmond Dantès and Cleopatra. He was also the main artist for the anime series *Akudama Drive* from 2020. Cindy H. Yamauchi adapted Rui Komatsuzaki's original character designs for animation. He also created a collaboration illustration between *Danganronpa* and the anime *Akudama Drive* in late 2020.

## Works

### Video games

| Year | Title | Role | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2006 | *Dragon Ball Z: Budokai Tenkaichi 2* | Background art |  |
| 2007 | *Dragon Ball Z: Budokai Tenkaichi 3* | Background art |  |
| 2009 | *Dragon Ball: Raging Blast* | Character design |  |
| 2010 | *Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc* | Character design |  |
| 2012 | *Danganronpa 2: Goodbye Despair* | Character design |  |
| 2014 | *Danganronpa Another Episode: Ultra Despair Girls* | Character design |  |
| 2017 | *Danganronpa V3: Killing Harmony* | Character design |  |
| 2020 | *Death Come True* | Promotion illustrator |  |
| 2023 | *Master Detective Archives: Rain Code* | Character design |  |
| 2025 | *The Hundred Line: Last Defense Academy* | Character design |  |
| TBA | *Tribe Nine* | Character design |  |

### Anime

| Year | Title | Role | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 | *Danganronpa 3: The End of Hope's Peak High School* | Character designer |  |
| 2020 | *Akudama Drive* | Character designer |  |
| 2022 | *Tribe Nine* | Character designer |  |


title: Bottoms Up (Entourage)

abstract: "Bottoms Up" is the fifth episode of the seventh season of the American comedy-drama television series Entourage. It is the 83rd overall episode of the series and was written by executive producer Ally Musika, and directed by Dan Attias. It originally aired on HBO on August 1, 2010. The series chronicles the acting career of Vincent Chase, a young A-list movie star, and his childhood friends from Queens, New York City, as they attempt to further their nascent careers in Los Angeles. In the episode, Vince starts hanging out with his new girlfriend, Sasha Grey. Meanwhile, Ari tries to prevent Lizzie from stealing his clients, while Drama angrily confronts Bob Saget over stealing his role in the sitcom. According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 2.85 million household viewers and gained a 1.7/5 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised the character development in the episode.

text:
# Bottoms Up (Entourage)

"**Bottoms Up**" is the fifth episode of the seventh season of the American comedy-drama television series *Entourage*. It is the 83rd overall episode of the series and was written by executive producer Ally Musika, and directed by Dan Attias. It originally aired on HBO on August 1, 2010.

The series chronicles the acting career of Vincent Chase, a young A-list movie star, and his childhood friends from Queens, New York City, as they attempt to further their nascent careers in Los Angeles. In the episode, Vince starts hanging out with his new girlfriend, Sasha Grey. Meanwhile, Ari tries to prevent Lizzie from stealing his clients, while Drama angrily confronts Bob Saget over stealing his role in the sitcom.

According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 2.85 million household viewers and gained a 1.7/5 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised the character development in the episode.

## Plot

At a bar, Vince (Adrian Grenier) hits it off with Sasha Grey, surprising the boys. As they talk over her career, Drama (Kevin Dillon) and Turtle (Jerry Ferrara) tell Eric (Kevin Connolly) he should consider anal sex with Sloan (Emmanuelle Chriqui). Turtle wants Eric to consider investing in the Avion Tequila brand, but Eric is not interested.

Ari (Jeremy Piven) is dismayed upon learning that Lizzie (Autumn Reeser) has contacted many clients from the agency. He loses Jessica Simpson to Lizzie, while also struggling in keeping Mike Tyson as a client. During a meeting with Aaron Sorkin, Ari convinces him in staying by having him meet and flirt with Simpson, and in turn Simpson agrees to stay with the agency. Bob Saget confronts Eric over the sitcom with John Stamos, telling him he wants to star in it. Eric informs Drama, as Saget wants his role. An angered Drama confronts Saget at his house, only to realize that Roger Jay sent the script to other actors. The network proceeds to go ahead with the sitcom starring Saget and Stamos, disappointing Drama.

Vince takes Sasha to his meeting with Randall Wallace and Stan Lee, with Wallace expressing frustration over inviting her. Eric and Sloan try anal sex, but they feel uncomfortable with the situation. Eric is then called by Vince, and is frustrated when he learns he decided to get involved in the Avion Tequila brand without consulting him. Ari receives a call from Amanda Daniels (Carla Gugino), who reveals that Lizzie is now working for her. Lizzie previously asked for a job six months prior, but instead kept a journal while working for Ari, and she promises to use everything against him.

## Production

### Development

The episode was written by executive producer Ally Musika, and directed by Dan Attias. This was Musika's 15th writing credit, and Attias' ninth directing credit.

## Reception

### Viewers

In its original American broadcast, "Bottoms Up" was seen by an estimated 2.85 million household viewers with a 1.7/5 in the 18–49 demographics. This means that 1.7 percent of all households with televisions watched the episode, while 5 percent of all of those watching television at the time of the broadcast watched it. This was a 10% increase in viewership with the previous episode, which was watched by an estimated 2.58 million household viewers with a 1.6/5 in the 18–49 demographics.

### Critical reviews

"Bottoms Up" received generally positive reviews from critics. Dan Phillips of *IGN* gave the episode a "great" 8 out of 10 and wrote, "With Eric and Sloane's misadventures in bed rounding out the episode with some uncomfortable (in more ways than one) comedy, "Bottoms Up" delivered a solid half-hour of laughs and dramatic complications. For those of us who spent most of the season's first four episodes wondering if this show was on its last legs, this latest episode, the first winner of the year, was a welcome sight indeed."

Steve Heisler of *The A.V. Club* gave the episode a "C+" grade and wrote, "despite being the weakest plot thus far, it's the only one with any steam left. E and Scott have made up, what once was Drama's part might be going to Saget because it's called showbusiness not showfriends, Turtle already got Vince to endorse his tequila line, and E prefers the vagina. All that's left is for Turtle and Alex to "make out all night," and the show's pretty much done."

Allyssa Lee of *Los Angeles Times* wrote, "Everyone was getting some sort of bum deal (for better or for worse) in this episode, cheekily titled “Bottoms Up.” Part of that may have to do with the casting of adult film star Sasha Grey, who arrived this week for a multi-episode arc as Vince’s new bed buddy." Josh Wigler of *MTV* wrote, "Let's get one thing straight — any episode of *Entourage* that features Bob Saget, Mike Tyson, Jessica Simpson, Stan Lee and Aaron Sorkin in the same half hour is a very, very good episode of *Entourage*. It's even better when they're all in the episode for very different reasons."

Rachel Cericola of *TV Fodder* wrote, "I thought it was a mediocre, yet pretty funny one. It didn't do much to progress the plot forward except for teasing the upcoming, juicy battle between Ari and the Hot Revengeful Agent chicks. But it was definitely the sexiest episode of the year when you include Sasha Grey, Jessica Simpson and a half-naked Mrs. Ari. The cameos from Tyson and Simpson were both solid." Eric Hochberger of *TV Fanatic* gave the episode a 3.5 star rating out of 5 and wrote, "Overall, the six cameos turned out to be pretty fun and no one stuck out in that painful cameo for no reason way they love to do on this show. Two good episodes in a row? We're hoping this season can keep it up."

## InfoBox

| "**Bottoms Up**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Entourage* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 7<br>Episode 5 |
| Directed by | Dan Attias |
| Written by | Ally Musika |
| Cinematography by | Rob Sweeney |
| Editing by | Jeff Groth |
| Original release date | August 1, 2010 (2010-08-01) |
| Running time | 29 minutes |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


title: Rudlice, Poland

abstract: Rudlice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ostrówek, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) east of Ostrówek, 13 km (8 mi) north of Wieluń, and 77 km (48 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Rudlice, Poland

**Rudlice** \[rudˈlit͡sɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ostrówek, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) east of Ostrówek, 13 km (8 mi) north of Wieluń, and 77 km (48 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

## InfoBox

| Rudlice | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Rudlice | |
| Coordinates: 51°20′N 18°38′E / 51.333°N 18.633°E / 51.333; 18.633 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Wieluń |
| Gmina | Ostrówek |


title: SEPPIC

abstract: SEPPIC designs and supplies specialty chemical products for health and wellbeing. The company is based in France, with distributors and production sites around the world. It has four main areas of business: personal care, pharmaceuticals and nutrition, vaccine adjuvants and injectables, and industrial specialties. SEPPIC has been part of the Air Liquide group since 1986. Its research has led to innovations in medical treatments, such as the creation of CimaVax, the first therapeutic vaccine to treat lung cancer.

text:
# SEPPIC

**SEPPIC** designs and supplies specialty chemical products for health and wellbeing. The company is based in France, with distributors and production sites around the world. It has four main areas of business: personal care, pharmaceuticals and nutrition, vaccine adjuvants and injectables, and industrial specialties.

SEPPIC has been part of the Air Liquide group since 1986. Its research has led to innovations in medical treatments, such as the creation of CimaVax, the first therapeutic vaccine to treat lung cancer.

## History

In 1943, French chemist André Bondouy founded SEPPIC (Société d’exploitation pour les produits de l’industrie chimique). Between 1946 and 1972, the company expanded, becoming the distributor for several other chemical manufacturers.

In 1972, under the leadership of Jean Martineau (then president of the Paris Chamber of Commerce), the company purchased Société des Produits Chimiques de la Montagne Noire in Castres, France. It created the MONTANE and Montanox product lines of emulsifiers, designed for the cosmetics, pharmaceutical and industrial markets.

In 1986, Seppic become a wholly owned subsidiary of Air Liquide as part of its healthcare business. In 1989, the company established its first American subsidiary in Fairfield, New Jersey.

In 2013, after the 2011 divestiture of a significant portion of its Industrial additives business, SEPPIC acquired BiotechMarine, a company specialized in Marine based cosmetic ingredients including plant stem cells.

In 2017, Seppic finalized the acquisition of Serdex, a specialist of botanical active ingredients for skin treatment.

## Research

Research conducted by SEPPIC teams has led to several innovations in the cosmetics and health sectors. The company now holds a portfolio of over 140 patent families.

In an early example of green chemistry in the 1990s, SEPPIC created Montanov 65, an emulsifier derived from matter of vegetable origin.

Later, it created SEPIGELTM 305, a pre-neutralized polymer in an inverse emulsion that enabled new textures, such as gel-creams.

In 2008, Seppic adjuvants were used to develop CimaVax, the first therapeutic vaccine to treat lung cancer.

## Partnerships

SEPPIC has research partnerships in the fields of health, nutrition, personal care, and vaccines with French and international companies, including the Japanese chemical giant Shin-Etsu. Seppic is also involved with the Cosmetic Valley business cluster.

## InfoBox

SEPPIC
| Company type | Subsidiary of the Air Liquide group |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Chemicals |
| Founded | 1943 |
| Headquarters | Courbevoie, France |
| Products | Specialty chemical products for cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutrition, vaccine and industrial markets |
| Number of employees | 700 (2017) |
| Website | www.seppic.com |


title: Blue Juice

abstract: Blue Juice is a 1995 British comedy drama film directed by Carl Prechezer and starring Sean Pertwee, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Ewan McGregor, and Steven Mackintosh. It follows JC (Pertwee) as he attempts to reconcile his surfer lifestyle and loser friends, with the pressure to grow up from his girlfriend (Jones). Blue Juice was set in Cornwall, and released in 1995 by FilmFour.

text:
# Blue Juice

***Blue Juice*** is a 1995 British comedy drama film directed by Carl Prechezer and starring Sean Pertwee, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Ewan McGregor, and Steven Mackintosh. It follows JC (Pertwee) as he attempts to reconcile his surfer lifestyle and loser friends, with the pressure to grow up from his girlfriend (Jones). *Blue Juice* was set in Cornwall, and released in 1995 by FilmFour.

## Plot

JC is a respected surf instructor, approaching his 30th birthday and living in an idyllic Cornish village with long-term girlfriend Chloe. He is focused on a dream of travelling the world surfing, with Chloe. His old friends from London visit late one night on an impromptu stag-weekend, including the 'kidnapped' groom-to-be Terry, who being more sensible and staid than the others is considered 'boring' and in need of livening up. The arrival of his three friends exposes tensions in JC's relationship with Chloe, as she would prefer to buy the surf-shack café they work in rather than go around the world, and suspects that JC prefers the company of his friends over her. The friends are keen to tempt JC back into his old lifestyle, especially drug-dealing Dean. JC argues with both Chloe and his friends.

At a rave that Chloe has organised to quickly raise funds to buy the surf-shack, Dean is attacked by some unhappy customers he had swindled. JC finds him alone. Dean admits his life has gone off-track but suggests that JC could help him by agreeing to surf a dangerous reef called 'The Boneyard', to gain a story for Dean's hoped for new career in journalism; to secure this job, Dean needs to land a big story, preferably with a life-or-death situation. JC tells Dean that the last time he had surfed the reef it had nearly killed him, and that had been ten years ago when he was younger and fitter.

JC refuses to give in to Dean's pleas to surf 'The Boneyard', which prompts Dean to try it himself, as he has already arranged media coverage, with his boss watching. Dean fails in his attempt, hitting his head when smashed under by a huge wave. JC dives in to rescue Dean, successfully surfing the reef in the process, while saving Dean's life and job at the same time. Dean's boss gets knocked out by the local guru for his highly offensive attitude and remarks.

One of JC's other friends, Terry – having earlier been tricked by Dean into taking drugs, and spray-painted himself silver to dance on a platform at the rave – has radically re-thought his life, and buys JC round the world tickets for him and Chloe. JC instead uses the money to buy the surf-shack café for Chloe and himself to run, deciding that his relationship is more important than impressing his friends.

## Cast

## Wardrobe and props

Many of the film's characters are dressed in clothing from the pressure group Surfers against Sewage. Many characters also wear the Australian surfwear label Mambo Graphics and Stüssy hats. Wetsuits used in the film and in publicity shots were manufactured by the Cornish Surf brand Gul. Other surf brands seen throughout the film, in the form of stickers or clothing, include Body Glove and Quiksilver.

Surfers Against Sewage stickers and posters are widely used throughout the film, visible in the Aqua Shack scenes and applied to the blue Bedford CF van driven by JC and Chloe for the surf school.

Pertwee used toupée tape to hold a sock in place, in the scene where JC appears nude apart from a black sock. "...I came up with this ingenious ploy - wrapping toupée tape on my chap. You won't believe how difficult it is to remove..." In a 1995 interview with *FHM*, Zeta-Jones recalled the filming of the sock scene; "It was a brown Marks & Spencer one, though. If it was a Stüssy one, or something like that, it might have been more interesting."

Professional surfer Steve England was a body double for Peter Gunn's character, Terry. To replicate Gunn's look and larger build he had to have his long hair cut and wear two wetsuits with towels packed around his stomach.

A reference is made in the film to the 1960s comic book character the Silver Surfer. On the way to find the rave, JC, Josh, Dean and Terry pass a man painted entirely in silver carrying a silver surfboard who waves at them. Terry, under the influence of drugs supplied by Dean, then copies this by painting himself silver.

There are a couple of errors in the story. Early on when the radio DJ says the cows will be coming in for milking it cuts to a herd of Hereford cattle blocking a road. Herefords are farmed for beef not milk. In the scene where Wigan Casino is discussed, the order given of Three before Eight records is wrong.

The red and yellow ‘TASTY’ surfboard that Ewan McGregor used in the film, was sold at a film memorabilia auction in 2001 at Sotheby’s in New York, to raise money for children born with Aids in Africa.

## Supporting cast

*Blue Juice* features an appearance from Jenny Agutter as a retired actress turned hotel proprietor Mary Fenton, who is famous for playing Guinevere in a fictional television show called *Arthur's Knights*.

The film also features soul singer Edwin Starr as a soul singer named Ossie Sands. The songs featured were recorded by Starr for the film. Continuing the Northern Soul theme, an appearance is made by legendary soul and funk DJ Keb Darge. He can be seen wearing a yellow top, dancing in the soul disco at the village hall. In the recording studio scene, the sound engineer is played by Paul Reynolds, whose largest role before *Blue Juice* was as Christopher Craig, the accomplice of Derek Bentley in the film *Let Him Have It*.

Keith Allen had a small part as Mike, a tabloid newspaper editor, who pays the Ewan McGregor character, Dean, for stories about record producer Josh.

The role of Shaper, played by Heathcote Williams, was also offered to Nigel Terry, best known for his portrayal of King Arthur in the 1981 John Boorman film, *Excalibur*.

Mark Frost, who played Moose, appeared in the 2008 ITV soap opera *Echo Beach*, also set on the Cornwall coast and featuring aspects of surf culture. Also part of the surfing crew was Cornish girl Andreya Wharry, who features throughout the film but is most prominently seen in the cafe scene where Josh tries to pay for Junior's food with his credit card. After *Blue Juice*, Wharry featured as a contestant on the TV show *Gladiators*, became a world top 10 kite surfer and set the world distance record for kite surfing, traveling from Cornwall to Ireland, in September 2005. Another surfer was played by Martin Dorey, author of *The Campervan Cookbook* and presenter of the BBC2 series *One Man and His Campervan*.

Chloe and JC's baby is played by Astrid Weguelin, the daughter of the film's make-up artist Kirstin Weguelin.

## Filming locations

Most of the film is set in Cornwall and filmed there, many scenes are actually cut showing several different beaches and villages as if they were all adjoining, allowing the main parts of Cornwall to be incorporated into a single place. The main location of the Aqua Shack is in Mousehole cut into St Ives, while other locations in Cornwall included a rock high above Chapel Porth for the mystical seaweed scene, Godrevy, Newquay and St Ives for some of the street scenes. The scene filmed at the train station was in St. Erth, just outside Hayle. The map examined by JC, Josh and Dean whilst trying to work out where Terry has gone on the bike shows Godrevey Point and the B3301 road, a few miles north of Hayle. The scene where JC and Chloe argue through the windscreen of the van have is at Trevellas Porth Valley, also known as Blue Hills, between St. Agnes and Perranporth. The location of the second Aqua Shack is Kynance Cove Cafe, at Kynance Cove on Lizard Point. The outside of the hotel where Josh and Dean take Terry for the cream tea is the Tregenna Castle Hotel, however the inside scenes were filmed at the Pendley Manor Hotel in Tring (Hertfordshire), whilst the village hall scene was filmed at Rose Hill, just off Bunkers Hill in the Downalong area of St Ives.

The large wave and surfing sequences were filmed in Famara, Lanzarote, while a few close ups were filmed in a specialist wave pool, as shown in the documentary that accompanies the DVD release. Additional shots were filmed in London and at Pinewood Studios. In a 2008 interview with *The Independent*, Sean Pertwee stated that his favourite place in the British Isles was St. Agnes in Cornwall. "I spent a lot of time there when filming *Blue Juice*, which was about surfers. The walk along the top of the cliffs is beautiful."

## Soundtrack

* "Movin' On Up" performed by Edwin Starr (a cover of the Primal Scream song)
* "The Price of Pain" - performed by Edwin Starr
* "Freedom Bug" - performed by Heavy Stereo, written by Gem Archer
* "Get It On" - performed by Marc Bolan and T. Rex
* "Leave Them All Behind" - performed by Ride
* "Half the Man" - written and performed by Jamiroquai
* "Duel" - performed by Swervedriver
* "Lonely for You Baby" - performed by Sam Dees
* "I Need Something Stronger" - performed by Apollo 440
* "You're the One" - performed by Gillian Wisdom
* "You Were the Dream" - Roscoe Shelton

The original score in the film was written by Simon Davison.

The soundtrack has never been commercially available.

## DVD artwork

For the 2000 DVD release, the DVD case artwork for the international market was redesigned with a picture of McGregor replacing Pertwee on the cover, even though McGregor had a smaller role. McGregor is depicted clean shaven and in a wetsuit, despite the fact his character in the film had a beard and long hair. Several reviewers and consumers picked up on this, including a review at www.dvdverdict.com which stated: "While it is perfectly understandable to attempt to sell the disc to consumers, it is questionable whether or not this marketing push steps over the line into disinformation."

A later release on DVD in 2004 reverted to the original artwork featuring Pertwee and Zeta-Jones, while a further release in 2008 saw the artwork entirely redesigned with FilmFour branding and a fresh image of Pertwee and Zeta-Jones.

## InfoBox

| Blue Juice | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional film poster | |
| Directed by | Carl Prechezer |
| Written by | Carl Prechezer
Peter Salmi
Tim Veglio |
| Produced by | Simon Relph |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Richard Greatrex |
| Edited by | Michael Ellis |
| Music by | Simon Davison |
| Distributed by | FilmFour Distributors |
| Release date | * September 15, 1995 (1995-09-15) |
| Running time | 90 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |


title: Encontro com Patrícia Poeta

abstract: Encontro com Patrícia Poeta is a morning talk show hosted by Patrícia Poeta, former host of É de Casa. It first aired on 25 June 2012 and is broadcast from Monday to Friday on Globo after Bem Estar. In 2022, it was announced that Fátima Bernandes would leave the program after 10 years and as a result Patrícia Poeta was announced as the new host of the program, the change was affected on July 4 of that year.

text:
# Encontro com Patrícia Poeta

***Encontro com Patrícia Poeta*** (*Meeting with Patrícia Poeta*) is a morning talk show hosted by Patrícia Poeta, former host of É de Casa. It first aired on 25 June 2012 and is broadcast from Monday to Friday on Globo after *Bem Estar* (*Well Being*). In 2022, it was announced that Fátima Bernandes would leave the program after 10 years and as a result Patrícia Poeta was announced as the new host of the program, the change was affected on July 4 of that year.

## Format

*Encontro com Fátima Bernardes* mixes information, humor, music, and interviews in an informal context featuring significant interaction with the live studio audience.

## InfoBox

| *Encontro com Patrícia Poeta* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Talk show |
| Created by | Guel Arraes, Cláudio Manoel, Geneton Moraes Neto and Fátima Bernardes |
| Directed by | J.B. "Boninho" Oliveira (2013-Present), Maurício Arruda, Mário Marcondes, Raquel Affonso, Maurício Farias (2012) |
| Presented by | Patrícia Poeta
Manoel Soares |
| Opening theme | Original instrumental |
| Country of origin | Brazil |
| Original language | Portuguese |
| Production | |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | TV Globo |
| Release | 25 June 2012 (2012-06-25)
present |


title: Storage device

abstract:
Storage device may refer to:
  - Box, or any of a variety of containers or receptacles...
  - Data storage device, a device for recording information, which could range from handwriting to video or acoustic recording, or to electromagnetic energy modulating magnetic tape and optical discs
  - Object storage device, computer storage device
  - Portable storage device, small hard drive or pen drive
  - Cloud storage service such as Google Drive, Dropbox and many more

text:
# Storage device

**Storage device** may refer to:

* Box, or any of a variety of containers or receptacles...
* Data storage device, a device for recording information, which could range from handwriting to video or acoustic recording, or to electromagnetic energy modulating magnetic tape and optical discs
* Object storage device, computer storage device
* Portable storage device, small hard drive or pen drive
* Cloud storage service such as Google Drive, Dropbox and many more


title: Starcadia

abstract: Starcadia is an EP by Joy Electric. The concept of Starcadia is based upon rides that have existed in Disneyland: Matterhorn Bobsleds, Space Mountain, Starcade, Submarine Voyage, and Carousel of Progress. Musically it was described as "more cosmic and spacey" than the band's prior releases.

text:
# Starcadia

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *HM Magazine* |  |

***Starcadia*** is an EP by Joy Electric. The concept of Starcadia is based upon rides that have existed in Disneyland: Matterhorn Bobsleds, Space Mountain, Starcade, Submarine Voyage, and Carousel of Progress. Musically it was described as "more cosmic and spacey" than the band's prior releases.

## Track listing

(all songs written by Ronnie Martin)

1. "The Matterhorn" – 2:00
2. "Starcadia" – 3:44
3. "Dance to Moroder" – 3:14
4. "Circa 1978" – 2:04
5. "The Carousel of Progress" – 2:26

## InfoBox

| Starcadia | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Joy Electric | |
| Released | April 2002 |
| Recorded | The Electric Joy Toy Company |
| Genre | Synthpop/Electropop |
| Length | 13:29 |
| Label | Plastiq Musiq |
| Producer | Ronnie Martin |
| Joy Electric chronology | |
| *The White Songbook*
(2001) ***Starcadia***
(2002) *The Art and Craft of Popular Music*
(2002) | |


title: Saint John West

abstract: Saint John West is a neighbourhood in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. It is located west of the Saint John Harbour, and includes the former city of Lancaster.

text:
# Saint John West

**Saint John West** is a neighbourhood in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.

It is located west of the Saint John Harbour, and includes the former city of Lancaster.

## History

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Saint John West | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| Location within Saint John | |
| Location within New Brunswick | |
| Coordinates: 45°15′20″N 66°4′27″W / 45.25556°N 66.07417°W / 45.25556; -66.07417 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | New Brunswick |
| City | Saint John |
| Postal code | E2M |
| Telephone Exchanges | 506 428 |
| GNBC code | DAEEK |


title: Pyrinioides

abstract: Pyrinioides is a genus of moths of the family Thyrididae.

text:
# Pyrinioides

***Pyrinioides*** is a genus of moths of the family Thyrididae.

## Species

* Butler 1881: Trans. ent. Soc. London, 1881, 199.

## InfoBox

| *Pyrinioides* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Pyralioides sinuosus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Thyrididae |
| Subfamily: | Siculodinae |
| Genus: | ***Pyrinioides***<br>Butler, 1881 |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pyralioides* | |


title: Billy Lyon

abstract: William Morton Lyon is an American former professional football defensive lineman who played for the Green Bay Packers and Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Marshall Thundering Herd. He signed with the Kansas City Chiefs after going undrafted in 1997 but was waived before the start of the regular season. Lyon later joined the Packers' practice squad in 1997 and played in 59 games for the team from 1998 to 2002. He also appeared in 13 games for the Minnesota Vikings in 2003.

text:
# Billy Lyon

**William Morton Lyon** (born December 10, 1973) is an American former professional football defensive lineman who played for the Green Bay Packers and Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Marshall Thundering Herd. He signed with the Kansas City Chiefs after going undrafted in 1997 but was waived before the start of the regular season. Lyon later joined the Packers' practice squad in 1997 and played in 59 games for the team from 1998 to 2002. He also appeared in 13 games for the Minnesota Vikings in 2003.

## Early life

William Morton Lyon was born on December 10, 1973 in Ashland, Kentucky. He attended Lloyd Memorial High School in Erlanger, Kentucky.

## College career

Lyon played college football for the Marshall Thundering Herd from 1993 to 1996 and was a three-year starter. He was redshirted in 1992 as the team won the national championship. Lyon helped the Thundering Herd advance to the national championship game his junior year in 1995 by recording a career-high 13 tackles, including one safety, in the team's semifinal victory over McNeese State. He totaled 91 tackles and nine sacks his senior season in 1996 as the Thundering Herd went 15–0 and won the national championship.

Lyon was inducted into the Marshall Athletic Hall of Fame in 2007.

## Professional career

### Kansas City Chiefs

After going undrafted in the 1997 NFL draft, Lyon signed with the Kansas City Chiefs on April 28, 1997. He was waived on August 15, 1997.

### Green Bay Packers

Lyon was signed to the practice squad of the Green Bay Packers on November 20, 1997. He re-signed with the team on January 28, 1998. He appeared in four games in 1998, recording four solo tackles, two assisted tackles, and one sack. Lyon also appeared in one playoff game that year but recorded no statistics.

Lyon appeared in all 16 games, starting four, for the Packers in 1999, accumulating 12 solo tackles, seven assisted tackles, two sacks, one interception, and two pass breakups. He played in 11 games, starting one, during the 2000 season, recording seven solo tackles, four assisted tackles, and one sack.

He played in 12 games in 2001, totaling 13 solo tackles, six assisted tackles, two sacks, one forced fumble, and one pass breakup. He also appeared in two playoff games that season and made three solo tackles.

Lyon played in 16 games, starting two, during his final season for the Packers in 2002, recording 11 solo tackles, four assisted tackles, and two sacks. He became a free agent after the 2002 season.

Overall, he appeared in 59 regular season games, starting seven, for the Packers, and made 70 combined tackles and eight sacks.

### Minnesota Vikings

Lyon signed with the Minnesota Vikings on March 5, 2003. He appeared in 13 games for the Vikings during the 2003, accumulating four solo tackles and one assisted tackle. He was released on August 31, 2004.

## InfoBox

Billy Lyon
| No. 98, 96 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Defensive tackle, defensive end |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1973-12-10) December 10, 1973
Ashland, Kentucky, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) |
| Weight: | 295 lb (134 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Lloyd Memorial
(Erlanger, Kentucky) |
| College: | Marshall (1992–1996) |
| Undrafted: | 1997 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Tackles: 75  Sacks: 8  Interceptions: 1 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Tolman Skiff

abstract:
The Tolman Skiff is a boat design of Dory heritage created by Renn Tolman of Homer, Alaska. Tolman authored two books, initially, "A Skiff For All Seasons", in 1992 and a revised version "Tolman Alaskan Skiffs", in 2003. The books described advantages of the design and construction method Stitch and glue using plywood, fiberglass cloth, and epoxy. Included in the books were drawings and designs for simple skiffs suitable for backyard, Do-it-yourself, construction. Tolman Skiffs were designed as a basic platform suitable for the builder to modify for specific purposes such as camping, cruising, fishing or pleasure. The Tolman skiff utilizes a design that planes readily with minimal power requirements, and has a large reserve capacity due to the hull shape, as further depression of the hull into the water increases buoyancy. Many of these boats have been built and used around the world, garnering a reputation for being economical, seaworthy, and durable. In addition to the designs described in the book, precision cut kits and detailed, full sized plans are commercially available. Tolman skiffs are light compared to fiberglass or aluminum boats of similar size and strength. Renn Tolman developed three different design versions of the Tolman Skiff, ranging in size from 18 to 24 feet. Designs include:
  - Standard: Semi-Vee design constructed from marine plywood and epoxy/fiberglass cloth.
  - Widebody: Similar to the standard, but longer and wider, with 3" wide chine flats on each side of the bottom.
  - Jumbo: Longer and deeper than the Widebody, with 4" chine flats on each side of the bottom. Many builders modify the basic design of the boat to suit their needs. Although not documented in the original design, some builders are known to have stretched both the Widebody and Jumbo to at least 27 feet. Many builders have voyaged far in their Tolman Skiffs. Friedhelm Würfel of Hamburg, Germany documented his 2009 tour of the Gulf of Bothnia in his book. Renn Tolman passed on July 5, 2014.

text:
# Tolman Skiff

The **Tolman Skiff** is a boat design of Dory heritage created by Renn Tolman of Homer, Alaska. Tolman authored two books, initially, "A Skiff For All Seasons", in 1992 and a revised version "Tolman Alaskan Skiffs", in 2003. The books described advantages of the design and construction method Stitch and glue using plywood, fiberglass cloth, and epoxy. Included in the books were drawings and designs for simple skiffs suitable for backyard, Do-it-yourself, construction.

Tolman Skiffs were designed as a basic platform suitable for the builder to modify for specific purposes such as camping, cruising, fishing or pleasure.

The Tolman skiff utilizes a design that planes readily with minimal power requirements, and has a large reserve capacity due to the hull shape, as further depression of the hull into the water increases buoyancy.

Many of these boats have been built and used around the world, garnering a reputation for being economical, seaworthy, and durable.

In addition to the designs described in the book, precision cut kits and detailed, full sized plans are commercially available. Tolman skiffs are light compared to fiberglass or aluminum boats of similar size and strength. Renn Tolman developed three different design versions of the Tolman Skiff, ranging in size from 18 to 24 feet.

Designs include:

* Standard: Semi-Vee design constructed from marine plywood and epoxy/fiberglass cloth.
* Widebody: Similar to the standard, but longer and wider, with 3" wide chine flats on each side of the bottom.
* Jumbo: Longer and deeper than the Widebody, with 4" chine flats on each side of the bottom.

Many builders modify the basic design of the boat to suit their needs. Although not documented in the original design, some builders are known to have stretched both the Widebody and Jumbo to at least 27 feet. Many builders have voyaged far in their Tolman Skiffs. Friedhelm Würfel of Hamburg, Germany documented his 2009 tour of the Gulf of Bothnia in his book.

Renn Tolman passed on July 5, 2014.


title: Togepsyllinae

abstract: Togepsyllinae is a bug subfamily in the family Aphalaridae.

text:
# Togepsyllinae

**Togepsyllinae** is a bug subfamily in the family Aphalaridae.

## InfoBox

| Togepsyllinae | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Sternorrhyncha |
| Family: | Aphalaridae |
| Subfamily: | Togepsyllinae<br>Bekker-Migdosova, 1973 |
|
| Genera | |
|  | |
| Synonyms | |
| Hemipteripsyllinae Yang & Li, 1981 | |


title: Edward Henry Ozmun

abstract: Edward Henry Ozmun was an American lawyer, diplomat, and politician.

text:
# Edward Henry Ozmun

**Edward Henry Ozmun** (August 6, 1857 – December 9, 1910) was an American lawyer, diplomat, and politician.

## Biography

Edward Henry Ozmun was born in Rochester, Minnesota on August 6, 1857. His father was Abram Ozmun, who served in the Minnesota State Legislature and as mayor of Rochester.

Ozmun married Clara B. Goodman on November 21, 1894, and they had one daughter.

He went to the University of Wisconsin. He then received his bachelor's and law degree from the University of Michigan. He practiced law in Saint Paul, Minnesota. He served in the Minnesota State Senate from 1895 to 1898 as a Republican. Ozmun then served in the United States Consular Service. He was first stationed in Stuttgart, Germany. In 1905, he became consul-general at Constantinople, Ottoman Empire, serving until his death there on December 9, 1910.

## InfoBox

| Edward Henry Ozmun | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Minnesota State Senate | |
| **In office**
1895–1898 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1857-08-06)August 6, 1857
Rochester, Minnesota, United States |
| Died | December 9, 1910(1910-12-09) (aged 53)
Constantinople, Ottoman Empire |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Clara B. Goodman (m. 1894) |
| Children | 1 |
| Education | University of Michigan |
| Occupation | Lawyer, diplomat, politician |
|  | |


title: Tom Monroe (actor)

abstract: Tom Monroe was an American actor. Monroe's parents were Mr. and Mrs. B. F. Monroe of Waco, Texas.

text:
# Tom Monroe (actor)

**Tom Monroe** (September 2, 1919 – December 2, 1993) was an American actor.

Monroe's parents were Mr. and Mrs. B. F. Monroe of Waco, Texas.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1946 | *The Dark Corner* | Policeman | Uncredited |
| 1948 | *G-Men Never Forget* | 2nd Joe - Bomber Pilot Thug | Serial, \[Ch. 8\], Uncredited |
| | *Albuquerque* | Townsman / Barfly | Uncredited |
| | *Panhandle* | Poker Player | Uncredited |
| | *Mr. Reckless* | Drilling Worker | Uncredited |
| 1949 | *Angels in Disguise* | Malone | Uncredited |
| | *Powder River Rustlers* | Guard |  |
| 1950 | *Quicksand* | Motorcycle Officer |  |
| | *Code of the Silver Sage* | Blacksmith | Uncredited |
| | *The Invisible Monster* | Gates - Cop in Cave | Serial, \[Ch.7\], Uncredited |
| | *The Underworld Story* | Durham's Hood | Uncredited |
| | *I Shot Billy the Kid* | Pete Maxwell | Uncredited |
| | *The Cariboo Trail* | Bartender |  |
| | *Border Treasure* | Dimmick - Henchman |  |
| | *Border Rangers* | Hackett - Henchman |  |
| | *Rustlers on Horseback* | Guard Outside Hotel |  |
| | *Southside 1-1000* | Federal Dispatcher | Uncredited |
| | *Short Grass* | Cabin Wrecker | Uncredited |
| 1951 | *Two Lost Worlds* | Captain Tallman |  |
| | *The Tall Target* | Zouaves | Uncredited |
| | *Drums in the Deep South* | Confederate Soldier | Uncredited |
| | *Westward the Women* | First Man | Uncredited |
| 1952 | *Rose of Cimarron* | Townsman |  |
| | *Hoodlum Empire* | Rocco | Uncredited |
| | *Young Man with Ideas* | Policeman | Uncredited |
| | *The Half-Breed* | Russell |  |
| | *Carson City* | Miner | Uncredited |
| | *Horizons West* | Marshal Jim Clawson | Uncredited |
| 1953 | *San Antone* | Minor Role | Uncredited |
| | *The Homesteaders* | Henchman Jake |  |
| | *The Neanderthal Man* | Stocky Townsman |  |
| | *Fort Algiers* | Colonel's Aide | Uncredited |
| | *El Paso Stampede* | Marty |  |
| | *Calamity Jane* | Barfly | Uncredited |
| 1954 | *The Command* | Pvt. Nikirk | Uncredited |
| | *The Boy from Oklahoma* | Henchmen | Uncredited |
| | *The Long Wait* | Harry | Uncredited |
| | *Man with the Steel Whip* | Worker | Uncredited |
| | *Private Hell 36* | Patrolman Tom | Uncredited |
| | *Serpent Island* | Kirk Ellis |  |
| 1955 | *Jupiter's Darling* | Outrider | Uncredited |
| | *Santa Fe Passage* | Blacksmith O'Doyle | Uncredited |
| | *The Far Horizons* | George | Uncredited |
| | *Son of Sinbad* | Cutthroat | Uncredited |
| | *The Road to Denver* | Man in Buckboard | Uncredited |
| 1956 | *The First Texan* | Lt. Hargrave | Uncredited |
| | *Giant* | Guard at Governor's Ball | Uncredited |
| 1957 | *War Drums* | Dutch Herman |  |
| | *Shoot-Out at Medicine Bend* | Quaker | Uncredited |
| | *The Lawless Eighties* | McGee | Uncredited |
| | *Gunsight Ridge* | Wedding Witness | Uncredited |
| | *The Walter Winchell File* | Officer Pat Trollman | Episode: "Country Boy" |
| 1958 | *The Lost Missile* | Bus Driver | Uncredited |
| 1959 | *Rio Bravo* | Henchman | Uncredited |
| | *Westbound* | Ed | Uncredited |
| | *The FBI Story* | Klansman | Uncredited |
| 1969 | *Marlowe* | Policeman | Uncredited |
| 1971 | *The Last Movie* | Citizen |  |
| | *Skin Game* |  | Uncredited |
| 1977 | *The Legend of Frank Woods* | Rance | (final film role) |

## InfoBox

| Tom Monroe | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1919-09-02)September 2, 1919 |
| Died | December 2, 1993(1993-12-02) (aged 74) |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1946–1977 |


abstract: Tom Mueller is a former American football coach. He served as the head football coach at the Texas Lutheran University from 2002 to 2006, compiling a record of 22–28. Mueller was born on January 5, 1946, in Cleveland, Ohio. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree from Concordia University Nebraska in 1968 and a Master of Science degree from Eastern Michigan University.

text:
# Tom Mueller (American football, born 1946)

**Tom Mueller** (born January 5, 1946) is a former American football coach. He served as the head football coach at the Texas Lutheran University from 2002 to 2006, compiling a record of 22–28. Mueller was born on January 5, 1946, in Cleveland, Ohio. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree from Concordia University Nebraska in 1968 and a Master of Science degree from Eastern Michigan University.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Texas Lutheran Bulldogs** *(American Southwest Conference)* (2002–2006) | | | | | | | | |
| 2002 | Texas Lutheran | 2–8 | 2–7 | 8th |  |
| 2003 | Texas Lutheran | 2–8 | 2–7 | T–8th |  |
| 2004 | Texas Lutheran | 7–3 | 7–2 | 3rd |  |
| 2005 | Texas Lutheran | 5–5 | 5–4 | 5th |  |
| 2006 | Texas Lutheran | 6–4 | 4–4 | T–4th |  |
| **Nebraska–Omaha:** | | 22–28 | 20–24 |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 22–28 |  | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Tom Mueller
| Biographical details | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1946-01-05) January 5, 1946<br>Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Concordia University Nebraska |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1969–1970 | Detroit Luther HS (MI) (DC/DL) |
| 1971–1975 | Texas Lutheran (DC) |
| 1976 | North Dakota State (WR) |
| 1977–1978 | North Dakota State (DC) |
| 1979–1982 | Southwest Texas State (DC) |
| 1983–1987 | TCU (DC) |
| 1988–1992 | TCU (RC) |
| 2002–2006 | Texas Lutheran |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 22–28 |
|  | |


title: Editura Curtea Veche

abstract: Editura Curtea Veche is a publishing house based in Romania, located on Aurel Vlaicu Street 35, Bucharest. It has a tradition in editing works of Romanian literature. After the Romanian Revolution of 1989, Curtea Veche started editing more foreign books, such as BBC reports or the Complete Idiot's Guides.

text:
# Editura Curtea Veche

**Editura Curtea Veche** (Curtea Veche Publishing House) is a publishing house based in Romania, located on Aurel Vlaicu Street 35, Bucharest. It has a tradition in editing works of Romanian literature. After the Romanian Revolution of 1989, Curtea Veche started editing more foreign books, such as BBC reports or the *Complete Idiot's Guides*.

* "Editura Curtea Veche (official site)". *www.curteaveche.ro* (in Romanian).
* "Asociația Curtea Veche". *www.asociatiacurteaveche.ro* (in Romanian).


title: Editpress

abstract: Editpress is a publishing company in Luxembourg. It publishes several newspapers, including its flagship daily Tageblatt, and 50% shares in the free daily L'essentiel and the French-language daily Le Quotidien. Editpress is based in the Red Lands city of Esch-sur-Alzette. It has close ties to the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party and trade unions. Editpress's main rival is Mediahuis Luxembourg, which is allied to the Christian Social People's Party and owns Luxembourg's main paid-for newspaper, the Luxemburger Wort.

text:
# Editpress

**Editpress** is a publishing company in Luxembourg. It publishes several newspapers, including its flagship daily *Tageblatt*, and 50% shares in the free daily *L'essentiel* and the French-language daily *Le Quotidien*.

Editpress is based in the Red Lands city of Esch-sur-Alzette. It has close ties to the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party and trade unions. Editpress's main rival is Mediahuis Luxembourg, which is allied to the Christian Social People's Party and owns Luxembourg's main paid-for newspaper, the *Luxemburger Wort*.

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

Editpress
|
|  |
| Founded | 1913 |
| Key people | Jacques Eischen (CEO) |
| Products |  |
| Website | editpress.lu |


title: Tom Boswell (television presenter)

abstract: Tom Boswell was a journalist who worked in both BBC Radio and Television. In radio he contributed to the highly successful Radio Four series Going Places and the Saturday morning programme Breakaway. As a television presenter he contributed items for Top Gear. He presented two episodes in 1981 and 1982, and then appeared in twenty episodes between 1988 and his death in 1990. His specialties on Top Gear included safety and economy topics such as the new Merritt engine and protection against car theft. Boswell also reviewed motorcycles during the show.

text:
# Tom Boswell (television presenter)

**Tom Boswell** (30 August 1943, in Simla – 19 November 1990, in Reading) was a journalist who worked in both BBC Radio and Television.

In radio he contributed to the highly successful Radio Four series Going Places and the Saturday morning programme *Breakaway*.

As a television presenter he contributed items for *Top Gear*. He presented two episodes in 1981 and 1982, and then appeared in twenty episodes between 1988 and his death in 1990. His specialties on *Top Gear* included safety and economy topics such as the new Merritt engine and protection against car theft. Boswell also reviewed motorcycles during the show.

## InfoBox

| Tom Boswell | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1943-08-30)August 30, 1943
Simla |
| Died | November 19, 1990(1990-11-19) (aged 47)
Reading, England |
| Occupation | journalist |