title: Valley of the Zombies

abstract: Valley of the Zombies is a 1946 American horror film directed by Philip Ford, written by Dorrell McGowan and Stuart E. McGowan, and starring Robert Livingston, Adrian Booth, Ian Keith, Thomas E. Jackson, Charles Trowbridge and Earle Hodgins. The film is about Ormand Murks (Keith), who is resurrected and tours the city for human blood, predominantly from his old enemies. This draws the attention of police lieutenant Blair (Jackson). Doctor Terry Evans (Livingston) decides to track down Murks to stop his murder spree. The film was Ford's second film as a director as part of his contract at Republic Pictures. It was shot in September 1945 and released on May 24, 1946. Retrospective reviews predominantly focus on the lack of any zombies promised in the films title while finding the film lacking in thrills.

text:
# Valley of the Zombies

***Valley of the Zombies*** is a 1946 American horror film directed by Philip Ford, written by Dorrell McGowan and Stuart E. McGowan, and starring Robert Livingston, Adrian Booth, Ian Keith, Thomas E. Jackson, Charles Trowbridge and Earle Hodgins. The film is about Ormand Murks (Keith), who is resurrected and tours the city for human blood, predominantly from his old enemies. This draws the attention of police lieutenant Blair (Jackson). Doctor Terry Evans (Livingston) decides to track down Murks to stop his murder spree.

The film was Ford's second film as a director as part of his contract at Republic Pictures. It was shot in September 1945 and released on May 24, 1946. Retrospective reviews predominantly focus on the lack of any zombies promised in the films title while finding the film lacking in thrills.

## Plot

Five years earlier, Dr. Rufus Maynard put Ormand Murks into an insane asylum because Murks believed that endless blood transfusions would make him immortal. Asylum director Dr. Garland operated on Murks two years later, and Murks died on the operating table. Murks' body is turned over to a brother.

In the present, Murks returns and begins stealing blood from Dr. Maynard's lab. Murks reveals himself to Maynard, telling him that voodoo has kept him alive, and then kills Maynard and his lab assistant, Fred. Cops discover Maynard's half-buried body in a local cemetery. Detectives Blair and Hendricks accuse Maynard's partner, Dr. Terry Evans, and a nurse, Evans' girlfriend Susan Drake, of killing Maynard but have no proof. Discovering a connection between Maynard and Murks, Evans and Drake head to the Murks estate to look for clues. Murks tries trapping them in a mausoleum, but they escape. In the main house, Evans and Drake find the body of Dr. Garland.

Blair and Hendricks arrive, but Garland's body vanishes. Murks kidnaps Drake and takes her to Maynard's office, where he hypnotizes her and has her give him blood transfusions. The cops arrive and shoot Murks before he can order Susan to kill Terry.

## Cast

Cast adapted from *Poverty Row Horrors!*.

## Production

*Valley of the Zombies* was shot in mid-September 1945. The film was the second feature for director Philip Ford after *The Tiger Woman* (1945) which earned him a seven-year contract with Republic Pictures.

## Release

*Valley of the Zombies* was released on May 24, 1946. It was distributed by Republic Pictures Corp. *Boxoffice Magazine* stated that for its 1945 to 1946 series, it had unsuffiicent date to track the films box office gross in the United States.

## Reception

From contemporary reviews, a reviewer in *Variety* stated that the film will "never get out of the B league", noting a "un-zombie-like zombie and a fairly horrorless story, despite half a dozen murders." and that the "scripting features all the horror-whodunnit cliches." The review noted the "photography is better than fair" and the inclusion of Ian Keith and other experienced supporting actors "brings thesping up to a good B level."

From retrospective reviews, Ronald V. Borst of *Photon* noted that "throughout the picture a great many cliches are present" noting that the screenplay was basically a reworking of the Warner Bros. film *The Return of Dr. X* (1939). The film praised some elements, namely its "darkly photographed settings, its musical score, and the surprisingly well-played performance by Ian Keith." concluding that the film is "neither a gem nor a bomb, but is enjoyable, even today." film historian Tom Weaver stated that like many films written for Republic Pictures, *Valley of the Zombies*'s script did not "know how monsters worked", noting that the writers didn't see much difference between zombies and vampires. Don Willis, author of the *Horror and Science Fiction Films* series declared that the film had "no thrills" and was "always cliched, sometimes cloddish dialogue" while finding the leads "mildly amusing."

Weaver noted that Ford and cinematographer Reggie Lanning added "solid contributions to the ominous atmosphere", but that the main issue was that Robert Livingston and Adrian Booth were both often had dialogue that was meant to be clever or cute but was rarely anything clever or witty about it. Weaver concluded that the film was probably corny by 1940s standards, and was "just another b movie in a world overfilled with them."

### Sources

## InfoBox

| Valley of the Zombies | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Philip Ford |
| Screenplay by | * Dorrell McGowan * Stuart E. McGowan |
| Story by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Reggie Lanning |
| Edited by | William P. Thompson |
| Production<br>company | Republic Pictures |
| Distributed by | Republic Pictures |
| Release date | * May 24, 1946 (1946-05-24) |
| Running time | 56 minutes |
| Country | United States |


title: Remnants of Naezith

abstract: Remnants of Naezith is a platform video game developed by a Turkish video game developer Tolga Ay. Remnants of Naezith was released in February 2018 on Steam for Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux.

text:
# Remnants of Naezith

***Remnants of Naezith*** is a platform video game developed by a Turkish video game developer Tolga Ay. *Remnants of Naezith* was released in February 2018 on Steam for Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux .

## Gameplay

*Remnants of Naezith* is a platform game in which the player controls an adventurer named *Kayra*, who has abilities which were granted by a dead dragon named *Naezith*.

Kayra is gifted with two grappling hooks, that are connected to his hands with lightning beams. These grappling hooks can be attached to many surfaces and increase momentum with every successful swing. Kayra can jump off from ground and walls. If he jumps during the dash, the jump becomes twice as high as a normal jump, known as a dash jump. The player character has a limited amount of energy to perform dashes in the game, with energy regenerating as time progresses. The energy refill rate increases if the player is stationary.

Whenever Kayra is in danger, he is saved from death by Naezith, who teleports him to the last checkpoint.

An online leaderboard shows scores worldwide. Through this, the player also has access to other players' performances. *Remnants* also features a level editor, which allows the players to create their own levels and publish them for other players to play.

## Plot

Legends tell of a mighty thunder dragon called Naezith who once roamed the lands. It was said that after his death, remnants of the dragon's body that still held immense power were slowly dispersed far and wide across the world by natural events. Although dead, Naezith's soul didn't want to share the power he still considered his own; and so his soul remained seeking a way to purge the remnants of his magic. A millennium passed and an adventurer named Kayra heard rumors of one of these fabled remnants lying within a cave. Kayra found the cave and began to descend, using a rope and hook to detect the full extent of the cave's depths, but the hook was old and breaks. Kayra fell into what seemed like an endless pit. He awoke, terrified, and found two glowing claws that had magically bonded to his hands. Crazed with terror, he swung his arms wildly to try and shake the claws free, but the spell would not break. Instead, the claw shot forth, planting itself firmly into the stone wall. From the point it was embedded, a glowing beam linked the dispatched claws back to his shaking hands, reminding Kayra of his once sturdy hook. And with a sudden flash, Naezith's soul appeared to Kayra and began to spin a tale of his predicament. Naezith told Kayra that he needed a corporeal body to achieve his ancient plans. Lured by the promise of endless treasure, Kayra accepted the Dragon soul's offer to assume control of his body, to use his powers, and to begin his plot to purge the *Remnants of Naezith.*

## Development and release

The project was started on August 4, 2014. A custom engine was developed for the game using SFML and C++. The game's grappling hook mechanic was inspired by *Spider-Man 2* and *Worms Armageddon*. *Remnants of Naezith* was designed as a fast-paced speedrunner friendly game. A closed beta for the game was created by speedrunning community members of various games like *Dustforce* and *Super Meat Boy*. Many systems were implemented, such as Level Editor for community levels, Leaderboards with replays, Ghosts to race against and Speedrun mode for chapter runs. 80 levels were designed by the community and separated to four chapters. The game was fully released on Steam in February 2018 on Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux.

## Reception

*Remnants of Naezith* received a score of 7.5 out of ten by Critical Hit Magazine, with the review stating the game was a good game for anyone interested in speedrunning. *Darryn Bonthuys* from the website said *Naezith* would be suitable for anyone with a "need for speed."

The Spanish game reviewer *Meristation* describes the game as *"Complex, hard as hell and extremely satisfying to beat"* but points out that it requires too much from the players who have never played any games in platform genre, criticising the steep difficulty spike.

The Bosnian website *Play-Zine!* also states that *"the game requires the good amount of precision that can sometimes spoil the impression"*

## InfoBox

| Remnants of Naezith | |
| --- | --- |
| Developer(s) | Tolga Ay |
| Publisher(s) | Tolga Ay |
| Programmer(s) | Tolga Ay |
| Artist(s) | * Teemu Siiki * Darya Kozhemyakina * Maks Kneht * Erek Rabang |
| Composer(s) | PronomicalArtist |
| Platform(s) |  |
| Release | February 5, 2018 |
| Genre(s) | Platform |
| Mode(s) |  |


title: Familial osteodysplasia, Anderson type

abstract: Familial osteodysplasia, Anderson type is a rare genetic disorder which is characterized by cranio-facial dysmorphisms and multiple skeletal anomalies. Hyperuricemia, hypertension and high erythrocyte sedimentation rates have also been reported. Approximately 6 cases have been reported in medical literature. This disorder is thought to be inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.

text:
# Familial osteodysplasia, Anderson type

**Familial osteodysplasia, Anderson type** is a rare genetic disorder which is characterized by cranio-facial dysmorphisms and multiple skeletal anomalies. Hyperuricemia, hypertension and high erythrocyte sedimentation rates have also been reported. Approximately 6 cases have been reported in medical literature. This disorder is thought to be inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.

## Description

People with this disorder often show the following symptoms:

### Craniofacial

* Underdevelopment of midface
* Flat, broad nasal bridge
* Thin, prognathic mandible
* Pointy chin
* Malocclusion
* Underdeveloped teeth

### Skeletal

Additional symptoms include hyperuricemia, high erythrocyte sedimentation rates and hypertension.

## Etimology

This condition was first discovered in 1972 by *L G Anderson et al.* and *J S Buchignani et al.* described the case of 5 siblings and their dad, 4 out of the 5 siblings had recurrent mandibular fractures and cranio-facial dysmorphisms, such as prominent earlobes. These 4 siblings also had hyperuricemia and 3 out of those 4 siblings had hypertension. Their father had hyperuricemia and hypertension but was otherwise unaffected. The siblings were the result of consanguineous Irish parents.

## InfoBox

| Familial osteodysplasia, Anderson type | |
| --- | --- |
| Specialty | Medical genetics |
| Types | It is a type of osteodysplasia, and it doesn't have any subtypes itself. |
| Prevention | None |
| Prognosis | Good |
| Frequency | very rare, only 6 cases have been reported in medical literature. |


title: Falsovelleda similis

abstract: Falsovelleda similis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1970.

text:
# Falsovelleda similis

***Falsovelleda similis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1970.

## InfoBox

| *Falsovelleda similis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Falsovelleda* |
| Species: | ***F. similis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Falsovelleda similis***<br>Breuning, 1970 | |
|


title: Valentine Thomson

abstract: Valentine Mathilde Amélie Thomson was an influential French journalist, playwright and editor, who was active both in Europe and the United States. Daughter of the left-wing politician Gaston Thomson, in 1919 she was a delegate at the Inter-Allied Women's Conference which sought to introduce women's issues to the peace process following the end of the First World War. In Paris, in collaboration with her husband, the journalist and screenwriter André Jaeger-Schmidt (1884–1940), she wrote plays which were staged in Paris and the provinces. In the late 1920s she moved to the United States where she wrote about international politics for a variety of papers including the New York Times and Harper's Magazine. She was also known for the salons she held with prominent figures of her times.

text:
# Valentine Thomson

**Valentine Mathilde Amélie Thomson** (3 June 1881 – 15 January 1944) was an influential French journalist, playwright and editor, who was active both in Europe and the United States. Daughter of the left-wing politician Gaston Thomson, in 1919 she was a delegate at the Inter-Allied Women's Conference which sought to introduce women's issues to the peace process following the end of the First World War. In Paris, in collaboration with her husband, the journalist and screenwriter André Jaeger-Schmidt (1884–1940), she wrote plays which were staged in Paris and the provinces. In the late 1920s she moved to the United States where she wrote about international politics for a variety of papers including the *New York Times* and *Harper's Magazine*. She was also known for the *salons* she held with prominent figures of her times.

## Early life

Valentine Mathilde Amélie Thomson was born on 3 June 1881 in Paris to Henriette Mathilde Elmire (née Peigné) and Gaston Arnold Marie Thomson. Her father was a French politician, serving as a cabinet minister for several years. At one point he served as Minister of the Marine and during World War I was the Minister of Commerce. Thomson's paternal family were natives of Charleston, South Carolina, who migrated to France in the 18th century. Their ship was involved in an accident at sea and the only survivor from her family was a two-year-old boy, Peter Johnson Thompson. Thompson was raised by an aunt in France and eventually gained French citizenship. On her mother's side, she was a great-grandchild of Adolphe Crémieux, a brilliant lawyer and government minister. She was also a cousin of Marcel Proust. From the time that she was young, Thomson was exposed to politicians and officials and became interested in politics. She also developed solid friendships with celebrated literary figures including Pierre Loti and Anatole France. When she was 20, she began to publish essays and historical studies inspired by her frequent trips around Europe.

## Career

Thomson began her career as a journalist, working for Paris papers and periodicals, including *Femina*, *Excelsior* and *L'Homme libre*. She became the director of *La Vie Feminine* and *Pandora*, two feminist journals, and was very interested in women's rights. From 1916, she operated the *Ecole Hoteliaire* to train women and girls to work in the hospitality industry. The school offered a three-month training period where students learned how to arrange flowers, keep inventories of supplies, perform general housekeeping, serve a meal, set a table, spread a bed, and wash and repair linen. They also had instruction in bookkeeping and courses in English, French and Russian languages. After completing the course, the students were given a six-month internship at a hotel, after which time, they had an examination and the opportunity to earn a diploma.

Thomson met fellow journalist André Jaeger-Schmidt before the beginning of the war and the two were married. In 1919, she led a delegation of 80 women to meet with President Woodrow Wilson to ask for the inclusion of women in the deliberations of the Paris Peace Conference. Just over a week later, when the Inter-Allied Women's Conference opened, she began serving as an editor and translator for the conference delegates. The conference lasted from 10 February to 10 April, and at its conclusion Thomson began a tour of the U.S. with Alice Masaryk. The women were part of a lecture conference series directed by the Children's Bureau of the U. S. Department of Labor and were to speak on the impacts of war on children's education, health and welfare.

After she returned to France, Thomson and Jaeger-Schmidt traveled, working as journalists and visiting Bucharest, Russia and Turkey. Upon returning to Paris, they wrote six plays together, after which he turned to filmmaking, and she returned to the political sphere. In the 1930s, she began making annual trips to the United States to foster good relations between the two countries. As the hostess of a diplomatic salon, she was an influential political actor and as a journalist she interviewed people of interest, like Engelbert Dollfuss, Hitler, and Mussolini, on whom she spoke in the United States. In the early 1930s, she began publishing political biographies in English, including one on Aristide Briand, *Briand—Man of Peace* (1930), based on a series of interviews with the subject and one on John Paul Jones, *Knight of the Seas* (1939), based on material from French archival records. She also published a novel, a study of European politics and politicians, and a magazine article on Proust.

## Death and legacy

Thomson died on 15 January 1944 at her home 33 rue Barbet-de-Jouy. Her funeral was held on the 19 January at Saint-François-Xavier Church and on the 10th anniversary of her death the church held a memorial service for her.

## Awards

## Selected works

* Thomson, Valentine (1910). *La vie sentimentale de Rachel, d'après des lettres inédites* (in French). Paris, France: Calmann-Lévy. OCLC 2936204.
* Thomson, Valentine (1911). *Chérubin et l'amour* (in French). Paris, France: Calmann-Lévy. OCLC 872200015.
* Thomson, Valentine (1930). *Briand—Man of Peace*. London, England: Hutchinson & Co. OCLC 643061684.
* Thomson, Valentine (1931). *You Don't Know Charley*. New York, New York: Brewer and Warren. OCLC 11048152.
* Thomson, Valentine (May 1932). "My Cousin Marcel Proust". *Harper's Magazine*. New York, New York: Harper & Brothers. ISSN 0017-789X.
* Thomson, Valentine (1932). *Young Europe*. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Doran & Co. OCLC 503952373.
* Thomson, Valentine (1936). *Le corsaire chez l'impératrice* (in French). Paris: Librairie Pion.
* Thomson, Valentine (1939). *Knight of the Seas: The Adventurous Life of John Paul Jones*. New York, New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation. OCLC 869425454.

### Citations

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Valentine Thomson | |
| --- | --- |
| Thomson in a 1933 visit to the United States | |
| Born | Valentine Mathilde Amélie Thomson
(1881-06-03)3 June 1881
Paris, France |
| Died | 15 January 1944(1944-01-15) (aged 62)
Paris, France |
| Other names | Valentine Jagerschmidt, Valentine Jager-Schmidt, Valentine Jaeger-Schmidt, Valentine Jagerschmidt Thompson, Valentine Jager-Schmidt Thompson |
| Occupation(s) | journalist, writer, women's rights activist |
| Spouse | André Jaeger-Schmidt |
| Father | Gaston Thomson |
| Relatives | Adolphe Crémieux (great-grandfather)
Marcel Proust (cousin) |


title: Variable and attribute (research)

abstract: In science and research, an attribute is a quality of an object. Attributes are closely related to variables. A variable is a logical set of attributes. Variables can "vary" – for example, be high or low. How high, or how low, is determined by the value of the attribute. (For example see: Binary option) While an attribute is often intuitive, the variable is the operationalized way in which the attribute is represented for further data processing. In data processing data are often represented by a combination of items, and multiple variables. Values of each variable statistically "vary" across the variable's domain. A domain is a set of all possible values that a variable is allowed to have. The values are ordered in a logical way and must be defined for each variable. Domains can be bigger or smaller. The smallest possible domains have those variables that can only have two values, also called binary variables. Bigger domains have non-dichotomous variables and the ones with a higher level of measurement. Semantically, greater precision can be obtained when considering an object's characteristics by distinguishing 'attributes' from 'traits'.

text:
# Variable and attribute (research)

In science and research, an **attribute** is a quality of an object (person, thing, etc.). Attributes are closely related to variables. A **variable** is a logical set of attributes. Variables can "vary" – for example, be high or low. How high, or how low, is determined by the value of the attribute (and in fact, an attribute could be just the word "low" or "high"). *(For example see: Binary option)*

While an attribute is often intuitive, the **variable** is the operationalized way in which the attribute is represented for further data processing. In data processing data are often represented by a combination of *items* (objects organized in rows), and multiple variables (organized in columns).

Values of each variable statistically "vary" (or are distributed) across the variable's domain. A domain is a set of all possible values that a variable is allowed to have. The values are ordered in a logical way and must be defined for each variable. Domains can be bigger or smaller. The smallest possible domains have those variables that can only have two values, also called *binary* (or dichotomous) variables. Bigger domains have *non-dichotomous* variables and the ones with a higher level of measurement. (See also domain of discourse.)

Semantically, greater precision can be obtained when considering an object's characteristics by distinguishing 'attributes' (characteristics that are attributed to an object) from 'traits' (characteristics that are inherent to the object).

## Examples

Age is an attribute that can be operationalized in many ways. It can be dichotomized so that only two values – "old" and "young" – are allowed for further data processing. In this case the attribute "age" is operationalized as a binary variable. If more than two values are possible and they can be ordered, the attribute is represented by ordinal variable, such as "young", "middle age", and "old". Next it can be made of rational values, such as 1, 2, 3.... 99.

The "social class" attribute can be operationalized in similar ways as age, including "lower", "middle" and "upper class" and each class could be differentiated between upper and lower, transforming thus changing the three attributes into six (see the model proposed by William Lloyd Warner) or it could use different terminology (such as the working class as in the model by Gilbert and Kahl).


title: Family (2023 film)

abstract: Family is a 2023 Indian Malayalam-language drama film directed, written and edited by Don Palathara and co-written by Sherin Chatherine. The film premiered at the 52nd International Film Festival of Rotterdam (IFFR) on 28 January 2023. The film was also screened at 14th Bengaluru International Film Festival 2023. The film is produced by Sanita Chittilappilly and Anto Chittilappilly through their production company Newton Cinema. It features Vinay Forrt, Divya Prabha, Abhija Sivakala, Nilja K Baby and Mathew Thomas in pivotal roles. It was theatrically released on 22 February 2024.

text:
# Family (2023 film)

***Family*** is a 2023 Indian Malayalam-language drama film directed, written and edited by Don Palathara and co-written by Sherin Chatherine. The film premiered at the 52nd International Film Festival of Rotterdam (IFFR) on 28 January 2023. The film was also screened at 14th Bengaluru International Film Festival 2023. The film is produced by Sanita Chittilappilly and Anto Chittilappilly through their production company Newton Cinema. It features Vinay Forrt, Divya Prabha, Abhija Sivakala, Nilja K Baby and Mathew Thomas in pivotal roles. It was theatrically released on 22 February 2024.

## Plot

Sony, a Catholic man in his late twenties from rural central Kerala, comes across as a do-gooder and a well-wisher at the first glimpse. However, lurking behind his public persona is a different character. Even as some of his family members become aware of his deeds, they are silenced by the system, which mindfully and actively protects men, their delinquencies, and secrets. The family thus becomes a sturdy closet, where skeletons of the past are kept unknown and unseen by the world outside. The film tries to understand how the family system operates like the mafia when it comes to the crimes from within.

## Cast

## Release

The film was premiered at the 52nd International Film Festival of Rotterdam (IFFR) in January 2023. Family was also screened at 14th Bengaluru International Film Festival. It has also been selected as one among the five contenders for the Young Jury Prize at the 68th edition of the prestigious Cork International Film Festival in Ireland.

Family was also been chosen as one of the two Malayalam films in the International Competition section for the 28th International Film Festival of Kerala (IFFK), held in December 2023..Family is also among the Top-10 Indian films curated by FIPRESCI India Grand Prix 2023.

The Film was theatrically released on 22 February 2024.

## Reception

Since its premiere at the International Film Festival Rotterdam, *Family* has enjoyed sold-out screenings and immediate acclaim from audiences and media worldwide. It was hailed as a riveting exposé, skillfully crafted with a thought-provoking and provocative filmmaking style by director Don Palathara.

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Event | Category and award | Recipient(s) | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2023 | Halicarnassus Film Festival,Turkey | Best Film | Family | Won |  |
| 2023 | Indian Film Festival of Melbourne | Best Indie Film 2023 | | Nominated |  |
| 2023 | Indian Film Festival of Melbourne | Best Director | | Don Palathara |  |
| 2023 | Melbourne Cineverse Festival | Best Film | | Family |  |
| 2023 | International Film Festival of Kerala | Best Film,International Competition | |  |
| 2023 | International Film Festival Innsbruck | Best Picture | |  |
| 2024 | Ajantha Ellora Film Festival | Best Film | |  |
| 2024 | Indian Film Festival Bhubaneswar | Best Film | |  |
| 2024 | Third Eye Asian Film Festival | Best Film | Family | Won |  |
| 2023 | Soul Place Film Festival | | | |  |
| 2024 | Sevilla Indie Film Festival | | | |  |
| 2024 | Stockholm Independent Film Festival | | | |  |
| 2024 | FIPRESCI India Grand Prix 2023 | Best Film | Family | Nominated |  |

## InfoBox

| Family | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Don Palathara |
| Written by |  |
| Produced by | Sanita Chittilappilly * Anto Chittilappilly |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Jaleel Badusha |
| Edited by | Don Palathara |
| Music by | Basil C J |
| Production<br>company | Newton Cinema |
| Release dates | * July 2023 (2023-07) (Halicarnassus) * 22 February 2024 (2024-02-22) |
| Running time | 111 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Malayalam |


title: Reggie Nicholson

abstract: Reginald "Reggie" Nicholson is an American jazz drummer. Nicholson took a bachelor's degree in percussion performance at Chicago State University and became a member of the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians in 1979, working early in his career with Ed Wilkerson. In the 1980s he played with Amina Claudine Myers, Henry Threadgill, and Ernest Dawkins; he relocated to New York City in 1988 but continued his associations with Threadgill and Dawkins there. For much of the 1990s he worked with Myra Melford, and also worked in that decade with Muhal Richard Abrams, Michael Marcus, Roy Campbell, Wilber Morris, Don Pullen, Billy Bang, Charles Gayle, Leroy Jenkins, Thomas Chapin, Reuben Wilson, and Jim Nolet.

text:
# Reggie Nicholson

**Reginald "Reggie" Nicholson** (born July 17, 1957) is an American jazz drummer.

Nicholson took a bachelor's degree in percussion performance at Chicago State University and became a member of the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians in 1979, working early in his career with Ed Wilkerson. In the 1980s he played with Amina Claudine Myers, Henry Threadgill, and Ernest Dawkins; he relocated to New York City in 1988 but continued his associations with Threadgill and Dawkins there. For much of the 1990s he worked with Myra Melford, and also worked in that decade with Muhal Richard Abrams, Michael Marcus, Roy Campbell, Wilber Morris, Don Pullen, Billy Bang, Charles Gayle, Leroy Jenkins, Thomas Chapin, Reuben Wilson, and Jim Nolet.

## Discography

### As leader/co-leader

* *...You See What We're Sayin'?* (CIMP, 1999) BMN Trio: with Thomas Borgmann and Wilber Morris
* *Drum String Thing* (CIMP, 2000) with Wilber Morris
* *Unnecessary Noise Allowed* (Abstract, 1997) as The Reggie Nicholson Concept
* *Timbre Suite* (Abstract Recordings, 2008) with Percussion Concept
* *Live at Tunnel* (Qbico, 2009) BMN Trio with Thomas Borgmann and Wilber Morris
* *Nasty & Sweet* (NoBusiness, 2013) with Thomas Borgmann and Wilber Morris

### As sideman

**With Muhal Richard Abrams**

**With Anthony Braxton**

* *Trillium R* (Braxton House, 1999)

**With Roy Campbell**

**With Thomas Chapin**

* *You Don't Know Me* (Arabesque, 1995)
* *Never Let Me Go: Quartets '95 & '96* (Playscape, 2012)

**With Yuko Fujiyama**

* *Re-entry* (CIMP, 2001)

**With Charles Gayle**

* *Always Born* (Silkheart, 1988)

**With Lindsey Horner**

* *Never No More* (Open Minds, 1991)

**With Leroy Jenkins**

**With Myra Melford**

**With Butch Morris**

* *Testament: A Conduction Collection - Conduction 38: In Freud's Garden / Conduction 39: Thread Waxing Space / Conduction 40: Thread Waxing Space* (New World, 1995)

**With Amina Claudine Myers**

* *Jumping in the Sugar Bowl* (Minor Music, 1984)
* *Country Girl* (Minor Music, 1986)
* *Amina* (RCA Novus, 1987)
* *In Touch* (RCA Novus, 1989)
* *Women in (E)Motion* (Tradition & Moderne, 1993)

**With Ernest Dawkins New Horizons Ensemble**

**With Shadow Vignettes**

* *Birth of a Notion* (Sessoms, 1986)

**With Malachi Thompson**

**With Henry Threadgill**

**With Variable Density Sound Orchestra**

* *Evolving Strategies* (Not Two, 2014)

**With Edward Wilkerson**

* *Light on the Path* (Sound Aspects, 1994)

**With Stefan Winter**

* *Die Kleine Trompete / The Little Trumpet* (JMT, 1986)


title: Jonesburg, Missouri

abstract: Jonesburg is a city in Montgomery County, Missouri, United States. The population was 726 at the 2020 census.

text:
# Jonesburg, Missouri

**Jonesburg** is a city in Montgomery County, Missouri, United States. The population was 726 at the 2020 census.

## History

Jonesburg was platted in 1858 and named in honor of James Jones, a pioneer citizen. A post office called "Jonesburgh" was established in 1868, and the name was changed to Jonesburg in 1893.

## Geography

Jonesburg is in eastern Montgomery County, with a portion of its southern border following the Warren County line. Interstate 70/U.S. Route 40 passes through the north side of the city, with access from Exit 183 (North 1st Street). I-70 leads east 66 miles (106 km) to St. Louis and west 58 miles (93 km) to Columbia.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Jonesburg has a total area of 1.72 square miles (4.45 km2), all land. The city lies on a wide ridge which drains north toward Little Bear Creek, part of the Cuivre River watershed flowing directly to the Mississippi; and drains south toward Bear Creek, part of the Loutre River watershed leading to the Missouri River.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1880 | 445 |  |  |
| 1890 | 437 |  | −1.8% |
| 1900 | 407 |  | −6.9% |
| 1910 | 456 |  | 12.0% |
| 1920 | 473 |  | 3.7% |
| 1930 | 432 |  | −8.7% |
| 1940 | 422 |  | −2.3% |
| 1950 | 433 |  | 2.6% |
| 1960 | 415 |  | −4.2% |
| 1970 | 479 |  | 15.4% |
| 1980 | 614 |  | 28.2% |
| 1990 | 630 |  | 2.6% |
| 2000 | 695 |  | 10.3% |
| 2010 | 768 |  | 10.5% |
| 2020 | 726 |  | −5.5% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 768 people, 281 households, and 175 families living in the city. The population density was 656.4 inhabitants per square mile (253.4/km2). There were 325 housing units at an average density of 277.8 per square mile (107.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 94.3% White, 0.8% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 1.2% from other races, and 3.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.2% of the population.

There were 281 households, of which 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.7% were non-families. 32.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.02.

The median age in the city was 41.3 years. 24.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.8% were from 25 to 44; 21.3% were from 45 to 64; and 25.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 45.1% male and 54.9% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 695 people, 269 households, and 161 families living in the city. The population density was 553.3 inhabitants per square mile (213.6/km2). There were 296 housing units at an average density of 235.7 per square mile (91.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 96.69% White, 1.44% African American, 0.14% Native American, and 1.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.58% of the population.

There were 269 households, out of which 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.0% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.1% were non-families. 34.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the city the population was spread out, with 23.9% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 17.4% from 45 to 64, and 22.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 85.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,875, and the median income for a family was $31,786. Males had a median income of $25,446 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,230. About 14.7% of families and 16.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.9% of those under age 18 and 23.6% of those age 65 or over.

1. "2023 U.S. Gazetteer Files: Missouri". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
2. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Jonesburg, Missouri
3. "P1. Race – Jonesburg city, Missouri: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
4. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
5. "Explore Census Data". *data.census.gov*. Retrieved January 11, 2022.
6. "Montgomery County Place Names, 1928–1945". The State Historical Society of Missouri. Archived from the original on June 24, 2016. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
7. "Post Offices". Jim Forte Postal History. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
8. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
9. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 8, 2012.

## InfoBox

| Jonesburg, Missouri | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Jonesburg in May 2024 | |
| Location in Montgomery County and the state of Missouri | |
| Coordinates: 38°51′17″N 91°18′10″W / 38.85472°N 91.30278°W / 38.85472; -91.30278 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Missouri |
| County | Montgomery |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.72 sq mi (3.98 km2) |
| Land | 1.72 sq mi (3.98 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 889 ft (271 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 726 |
| Density | 472.96/sq mi (182.59/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 63351 |
| Area code | 636 |
| FIPS code | 29-37574 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2395481 |
| Website | www.cityofjonesburg.com |


title: Jonesiaceae

abstract: Jonesiaceae is a family of Actinomycetota.

text:
# Jonesiaceae

***Jonesiaceae*** is a family of Actinomycetota.

## InfoBox

| Jonesiaceae | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Actinomycetota |
| Class: | Actinomycetia |
| Order: | Micrococcales |
| Family: | Jonesiaceae
Stackebrandt *et al*. 1997 |
|
| Type genus | |
| *Jonesia*
Rocourt and Stackebrandt 1987 | |
| Genera | |
|  | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Sanguibacteraceae* Stackebrandt and Schumann 2000 | |


title: Vancouver Chamber Choir

abstract: The Vancouver Chamber Choir is a Canadian choir performing in Vancouver, British Columbia. It was founded in 1971 by Jon Washburn. The VCC has commissioned and premiered more than 170 new choral works in over four decades. The choir performs at home and abroad and has received many honours and distinctions from around the world. The choir has toured throughout North America as well as Asia and Europe.

text:
# Vancouver Chamber Choir

The **Vancouver Chamber Choir** is a Canadian choir performing in Vancouver, British Columbia. It was founded in 1971 by Jon Washburn. The VCC has commissioned and premiered more than 170 new choral works in over four decades. The choir performs at home and abroad and has received many honours and distinctions from around the world. The choir has toured throughout North America as well as Asia and Europe.

## History and Artistic Directors

Jon Washburn served as the conductor and Artistic Director of the Vancouver Chamber Choir from its inception until 2019. During his time with the Vancouver Chamber Choir, he was awarded the Order of Canada, as well as Queen Elizabeth II Silver, Golden, and Jubilee Medals.

In March 2019, Kari Turunen was appointed as the new conductor, beginning in September 2019.

On June 28, 2019, flooding destroyed the choir's library of music which was held at their office at Hodson Manor in Vancouver.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Vancouver Chamber Choir | |
| --- | --- |
| Vancouver Chamber Choir Logo | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada |
| Genres | Choral music |
| Occupation | Chamber choir |
| Years active | 1971–*present* |
|  | |
| Members | **Conductor**<br>Kari Turunen |
|  | |
| Website | vancouverchamberchoir.com |


title: Vancouver Charter

abstract: The Vancouver Charter is a provincial statute that incorporates the City of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The legislation was passed in 1953 and supersedes the Vancouver Incorporation Act, 1921. It grants the city different powers than other communities in the province, which are governed by the Local Government Act.

text:
# Vancouver Charter

The **Vancouver Charter** is a provincial statute that incorporates the City of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The legislation was passed in 1953 and supersedes the *Vancouver Incorporation Act, 1921*. It grants the city different powers than other communities in the province, which are governed by the *Local Government Act*.

## Additional powers

Some of the additional powers and provisions provided by the Vancouver Charter include:

* The ability to borrow on its own authority without the approval of the Municipal Finance Authority / Metro Vancouver Regional District.
* A separately elected park board
* Statutory immunity in relation to building regulation both with respect to plan checking and building permit issuance as well as with respect to building inspections.
* The authority to prohibit business or business activities
* Unique planning and land-use tools, including the power to delegate to the Director of Planning
* The authority to impose specialized development levies.

## History

### Previous legislation

The city was first incorporated on April 6, 1886, under the *Vancouver Incorporation Act, 1886*. The Act limited voting rights to men who owned property at least the age of 21, and women who were single, divorced, or widowed, over the age of 21 and owned property. The act also forbade women from sitting as the mayor or as aldermen. The act also stated that "No Chinaman or Indian shall be entitled to vote in any municipal election".

The incorporation act was repealed and replaced in 1900 and 1921 prior to the introduction of the Vancouver Charter.

### Olympic amendments

On January 12, 2009, Vancouver's mayor Gregor Robertson requested an amendment to the Charter to allow the city to borrow $458 million to fund the completion of the 2010 Olympic Village in False Creek without seeking approval from taxpayers in an election-day plebiscite. Robertson said this was due to extraordinary circumstances. The amendment was passed on January 18, 2009, in an emergency session of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.

## InfoBox

| Vancouver Charter | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Legislative Assembly of British Columbia | |
| Citation | *Vancouver Charter*, SBC 1953, c. 55 |
| Passed by | Legislative Assembly of British Columbia |
| Passed | 1953 |
| Repeals | |
| *Vancouver Incorporation Act, 1921* | |
| Summary | |
| Incorporation documents of the City of Vancouver | |
| **Status:** In force | |


title: Vanduzeeina

abstract: Vanduzeeina is a genus of shield-backed bugs in the family Scutelleridae. There are about five described species in Vanduzeeina.

text:
# Vanduzeeina

***Vanduzeeina*** is a genus of shield-backed bugs in the family Scutelleridae. There are about five described species in *Vanduzeeina*.

## Species

These five species belong to the genus *Vanduzeeina*:

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Vanduzeeina* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Family: | Scutelleridae |
| Subfamily: | Odontotarsinae |
| Genus: | *Vanduzeeina*<br>Schouteden, 1904 |
|


title: Jorge Molina (comics)

abstract: Jorge Molina is a comic book artist best known for his works at Marvel such as Spider-Geddon.

text:
# Jorge Molina (comics)

**Jorge Molina** is a comic book artist best known for his works at Marvel such as *Spider-Geddon*.

## Career

Molina showed a big passion in comics since an early age and dreamed of working on anything related to drawing super heroes. Molina, being started working in the industry has done video games, comics, clothing design and product design for companies like UDON, Image, Top Cow, DC Comics, Crystal Dynamics, ROCK STAR and Buzz Monkey.

In 2018, Molina began drawing *Spider-Geddon* with writer Christos Gage.

## Bibliography

* *Amazing Spider-Man* #1.4 (Marvel, 2016)
* *Avengers: The Initiative* #34 (Marvel, 2010)
* *A-Force* #1-4 (Marvel, 2016)
* *Spider-Geddon* #1-2, 4-5 (Marvel, 2018)
* *Star Wars* #23 (Marvel, 2016)
* *Thor* #5-6 (Marvel, 2014)
* *X-Men Blue* #1-3, #13-15, #23-25, #31 (Marvel, 2018)
* *X-Men: Manifest Destiny - Nightcrawler*  #1 (Marvel, 2009)
* *X-Men: Legacy* #248 (Marvel, 2011)
* *What If? Secret Wars* #1 (Marvel, 2008)
* *World War Hulks: Spider-Man & Thor* #1-2 (Marvel, 2010)
* *Wolverine and the X-Men Annual* #1 (Marvel, 2013)

### Covers only

## InfoBox

| Jorge Molina | |
| --- | --- |
| Molina at the Paradise City Comic Con in 2018 | |
| Born | 1984
Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico |
| Area(s) | Artist |
| Notable works | *Spider-Geddon*
*Star Wars* |


title: Family Motor Coach Association

abstract: The Family Motor Coach Association (FMCA) is an international organization of families who own and enjoy the use of recreational vehicles. Although the name says "motor coach" FMCA has welcomed all RV types since 2017 and towables are becoming a viable part of the organization. In 2023 the organization added a category of membership called "Pathfinders" for those thinking of joining the RV lifestyle and wanting to learn more about it before they buy. These members get access to all of the benefits including FMCA University where they can explore what it takes to travel in, own and maintain an RV. Since 1963, FMCA has issued more than 500,000 memberships to families who look to the association as their source of information about all facets of RV ownership and travel. FMCA is a member-owned association that maintains its headquarters in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, and employs a full-time office staff. FMCA is governed by volunteer officers who are elected from within the ranks of the association.

text:
# Family Motor Coach Association

The **Family Motor Coach Association (FMCA)** is an international organization of families who own and enjoy the use of recreational vehicles. Although the name says "motor coach" FMCA has welcomed all RV types since 2017 and towables are becoming a viable part of the organization. In 2023 the organization added a category of membership called "Pathfinders" for those thinking of joining the RV lifestyle and wanting to learn more about it before they buy. These members get access to all of the benefits including FMCA University where they can explore what it takes to travel in, own and maintain an RV.

Since 1963, FMCA has issued more than 500,000 memberships to families who look to the association as their source of information about all facets of RV ownership and travel. FMCA is a member-owned association that maintains its headquarters in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, and employs a full-time office staff. FMCA is governed by volunteer officers who are elected from within the ranks of the association.

## Formation

On July 20, 1963, 26 families met at the Good Will-Hinckley School in Hinckley, Maine, United States, to socialize and become acquainted with other "house car" owners. They decided to form a motor coach owners' common interest group. A monument to commemorate the founding was dedicated at the school on July 4, 1994.

## Membership

Membership in FMCA is contingent upon ownership of a self-contained RV — a recreational vehicle that contains all the conveniences of a home, including cooking, sleeping, and permanent sanitary facilities. These can be original-manufacture RVs, or conversions from other types of vehicle, of which buses are the most common. Those contemplating purchasing an RV can join as Pathfinders and use the benefits of FMCA while they learn about the life and decide what RV best suits their needs.

In 2017, FMCA's members passed a historic vote. Previously, the club was open to motorhome owners only. Through the vote, the membership voted to expand the club's membership criteria.

FMCA has approximately 80,000 members from every state of the US as well as Canada, Mexico, Great Britain, and beyond. FMCA also has roughly 1,500 commercial members — dealers, suppliers, manufacturers, campgrounds, service facilities, and other firms servicing the RV owner or the RV industry. Most members are only occasional users, while others live in their RVs full-time.

## Code of Ethics

Every member of FMCA agrees to follow the Association's Code of Ethics, which requires members to comply with all federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing the ownership and use of RVs. The Code of Ethics also calls for members to be "good neighbors, careful and responsible RV owners and operators, and good citizens of our communities."

## Purpose

The purpose of FMCA is to organize social activities, exchange RVing information, and supply benefits made possible, in part, by collective purchasing. The group publishes *Family RVing*, a monthly magazine. It provides news concerning RV technology, the RV industry, and the association. FMCA members can be identified by the FMCA “goose egg," or membership emblem, displayed on their RV.

## Chapters and conventions

FMCA encourages the development of local, regional and specialty chapters. These chapters — FMCA has approximately 500 of them — organize events of particular interest to their members, including numerous rallies throughout the year. Regional rallies, composed of several chapters from a geographic area, are also held annually. Many FMCA chapters cover specific or general geographic areas. Others are dedicated to an RV brand, a hobby, or a special interest. For instance, special-interest chapters include golf, crafts, amateur radio, single RVers, and handicapped RVers. New chapters are being formed as interests change including Pickleball, off roading, and NASCAR to name a few.

FMCA holds two international RV conventions each year at various locations in the United States, in which manufacturers, dealers, and RV suppliers display their latest products. The events take place over a four-day period and usually attract 3,000 to 5,000 RVs. Seminars at these conventions cover topics such as living full time in your RV, boondocking and solar power, maintaining your RV, tracing your family roots, and cooking in a small space with a convection-microwave oven.

Motorhome Owners Group Headed to Arizona in March 2017 Family Motor Coach Association website Family Motor Coaching magazine


title: Farnam, Nebraska

abstract: Farnam is a village in Dawson County, Nebraska, United States. It is part of the Lexington, Nebraska Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 171 at the 2010 census.

text:
# Farnam, Nebraska

**Farnam** is a village in Dawson County, Nebraska, United States. It is part of the Lexington, Nebraska Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 171 at the 2010 census.

## History

Farnam was founded in 1886 when the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad was extended to that point. It was named for Henry Farnam, a railroad official.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.67 square miles (1.74 km2), all land.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1900 | 218 |  |  |
| 1910 | 462 |  | 111.9% |
| 1920 | 408 |  | −11.7% |
| 1930 | 394 |  | −3.4% |
| 1940 | 346 |  | −12.2% |
| 1950 | 323 |  | −6.6% |
| 1960 | 258 |  | −20.1% |
| 1970 | 270 |  | 4.7% |
| 1980 | 268 |  | −0.7% |
| 1990 | 188 |  | −29.9% |
| 2000 | 223 |  | 18.6% |
| 2010 | 171 |  | −23.3% |
| 2020 | 182 |  | 6.4% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 171 people, 74 households, and 48 families residing in the village. The population density was 255.2 inhabitants per square mile (98.5/km2). There were 100 housing units at an average density of 149.3 per square mile (57.6/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 91.8% White, 0.6% Native American, 3.5% Pacific Islander, 2.9% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.8% of the population.

There were 74 households, of which 24.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.4% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 1.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.1% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.81.

The median age in the village was 46.8 years. 22.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 15.8% were from 25 to 44; 31.6% were from 45 to 64; and 22.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 47.4% male and 52.6% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 223 people, 95 households, and 64 families residing in the village. The population density was 332.0 inhabitants per square mile (128.2/km2). There were 107 housing units at an average density of 159.3 per square mile (61.5/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 97.31% White, 0.45% Native American, and 2.24% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.45% of the population.

There were 95 households, out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% were non-families. 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 28.3% under the age of 18, 4.0% from 18 to 24, 22.0% from 25 to 44, 26.9% from 45 to 64, and 18.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.2 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the village was $24,327, and the median income for a family was $30,455. Males had a median income of $23,438 versus $22,188 for females. The per capita income for the village was $11,959. About 9.4% of families and 9.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of eighteen and 19.2% of those 65 or over.

1. "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
2. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Farnam, Nebraska
3. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
4. "Farnam, Dawson County". *Center for Advanced Land Management Information Technologies*. University of Nebraska. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
5. Fitzpatrick, Lillian L. (1960). *Nebraska Place-Names*. University of Nebraska Press. p. 51. ISBN 0803250606. A 1925 edition is available for download at University of Nebraska—Lincoln Digital Commons.
6. "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 25, 2012. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
7. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
8. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 24, 2012.

## InfoBox

| Farnam, Nebraska | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Main Street Farnam, Nebraska | |
| Location of Farnam, Nebraska | |
| Coordinates: 40°42′23″N 100°12′56″W / 40.70639°N 100.21556°W / 40.70639; -100.21556 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Nebraska |
| County | Dawson |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.67 sq mi (1.74 km2) |
| Land | 0.67 sq mi (1.74 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 2,759 ft (841 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 182 |
| Density | 270.43/sq mi (104.41/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 69029 |
| Area code | 308 |
| FIPS code | 31-16725 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2398864 |


title: Jorge Álvares

abstract: Jorge Álvares was a Portuguese explorer. He is credited as the first European to have reached China by sea during the Age of Discovery. His starting of settlements on an island in what is now Hong Kong is still considered a significant achievement, "for establishing commercial agreements with the Chinese [and for] maintaining the peace".

text:
# Jorge Álvares

**Jorge Álvares** (died 8 July 1521) was a Portuguese explorer. He is credited as the first European to have reached China by sea during the Age of Discovery. His starting of settlements on an island in what is now Hong Kong is still considered a significant achievement, "for establishing commercial agreements with the Chinese \[and for\] maintaining the peace".

## Exploration

In May 1513, Álvares sailed under the Portuguese Malacca captain Rui de Brito Patalim in a junk from Pegu. The expedition was accompanied by five other junks. Álvares himself was accompanied by two other Portuguese mariners.

Álvares made first contact on Chinese soil on an island near the historic city of Guangzhou in southern China in May 1513. The location of the island, which the Portuguese called Tamão, is not exactly known except that it is in the Pearl River Delta, and scholarship has suggested islands such as Lantau Island and Lintin Island as potential candidates. Upon landing on Tamão, Álvares raised a *padrão* from the king of Portugal. Based on information from their captain, they hoped to find a trade. Soon after this, Afonso de Albuquerque, the Viceroy of the Estado da Índia dispatched Rafael Perestrello—a cousin of Christopher Columbus—to seek trade relations with the Chinese. In a ship from Malacca, Rafael Perestrello landed on the southern shores of Guangdong later that year in 1513.

According to a 1955 book by J.M. Braga, Álvares "learned about China’s culture, religion, finances, and military, valuable information for King Manuel I".

## Death and legacy

Álvares died on 8 July 1521 in Tamão in the arms of his friend Duarte Coelho. Aside from questions as to the location of the place, historians also have no evidence as to the cause of death.

Although the manner of his death was not recorded, Tamão was attacked in 1521 by the Chinese navy; it was abandoned and the Portuguese fled to Malacca, in Malaysia. Over the subsequent years, the memories of the significance of his explorations and settlement faded. "Álvares’ role was reduced to a footnote."

According to National Geographic, "Macau may never have existed if not for Tamão" where the Portuguese learned "how China, the Pearl River Delta, and the South China Sea worked". The settlement and Jorge Álvares "kickstarted a chain of events that ultimately spawned Macau".

## InfoBox

| Jorge Álvares | |
| --- | --- |
| Jorge Álvares statue in Macau | |
| Born | Late 15th century
Freixo de Espada à Cinta, Kingdom of Portugal |
| Died | 8 July 1521
Tamão (present day Hong Kong) |
| Nationality | Portuguese |
| Occupation | Explorer |
| Known for | First European explorer to reach China by sea during the Age of Discovery |


title: Jorge Álvares Foundation

abstract: Jorge Álvares Foundation is a non-profit organization with public utility status established in Lisbon on 14 December 1999. It was recognized by the Portuguese government in 2002, and received its public utility status in 2004. It received its initial funding from the Fundação para a Cooperação e o Desenvolvimento de Macau and Stanley Ho. The foundation is named after Jorge Álvares, credited as the first European to have reached China by sea during the Age of Discovery. According to its by-laws, it takes as its purpose the development of cultural, educational, scientific, artistic, and social activities that promote an intercultural dialogue resulting from the specificity of Macau and multicentury Portuguese presence in this territory. In addition, it intends to support Portuguese institutions that promote the study and promotion of Macau, as well as activities related to the Macanese diaspora.

text:
# Jorge Álvares Foundation

**Jorge Álvares Foundation** is a non-profit organization with public utility status established in Lisbon on 14 December 1999. It was recognized by the Portuguese government in 2002, and received its public utility status in 2004. It received its initial funding from the Fundação para a Cooperação e o Desenvolvimento de Macau (MOP 50 million) and Stanley Ho (MOP 100 million).

The foundation is named after Jorge Álvares, credited as the first European to have reached China by sea during the Age of Discovery. According to its by-laws, it takes as its purpose the development of cultural, educational, scientific, artistic, and social activities that promote an intercultural dialogue resulting from the specificity of Macau and multicentury Portuguese presence in this territory. In addition, it intends to support Portuguese institutions that promote the study and promotion of Macau, as well as activities related to the Macanese diaspora.

## InfoBox

Jorge Álvares Foundation
| Fundação Jorge Álvares | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Named after | Jorge Álvares |
| Formation | 14 December 1999 (1999-12-14) |
| Founded at | Avenida Miguel Bombarda, n.º 133, 4.º andar, letra I, Lisbon |
| Type | Foundation |
| Legal status | nonprofit organization with of public utility status |
| Purpose | cultural, educational, scientific, social |
| Headquarters | Rua Castilho, 39 (Edifício Castil) – 11º Andar – Letra I, Lisbon |
| Location |  |
| Coordinates | 38°43′23″N 9°09′07″W / 38.72293°N 9.1519617°W / 38.72293; -9.1519617 |
| Official language | Portuguese |
| President | Maria Celeste Hagatong |
| Board of directors | Maria Celeste Hagatong, Maria Alexandra Gomes, Fernanda Ilhéu, Rui Soares Santos (2022-2028) |
| Website | jorgealvares.com |


title: Religion in Abkhazia

text:
# Religion in Abkhazia

Religion in Abkhazia (2011 Abkhazian census)

Christianity (75%)  Islam (10%)  Other (15%)

Many inhabitants of Abkhazia are Orthodox Christians, With significant minorities adhering to Islam and the Abkhaz neopaganism, or the "Abkhazian traditional religion". The influence of this last has always remained strong and has been experiencing a revival through the 1990s and 2000s.

There exists a very small number of adherents to Judaism and Jehovah's Witnesses, as well as non-believers. The Jehovah's Witnesses organization has officially been banned since 1995, though the decree is not currently enforced. According to the constitutions of both Abkhazia and Georgia, the adherents of all religions have equal rights before the law.

## Abkhaz native religion

The Abkhaz native religion has undergone a revival in recent decades. As of 2003 8% of the population of Abkhazia (thus a higher percentage among ethnic Abkhazians) declares to be "pagan". It is worthwhile to note that the equivalent of the term "pagan" in Abkhazian (as well as Russian) language, язычник *yazychnik*, means "ethnic" rather than "country dweller" like its Western counterpart. One scholar has asserted that the Abkhazian traditional religion has become so well established and intertwined with the government to be almost the state religion of the country.

In the Abkhaz native religion, Antsua (also spelled Antzva) is the supreme God and the creator of life. The native religion is animistic, there are deities that represents thunder and the weather like Afy, others that represent the forests, wild animals, and hunting like Ayerg and Azhvepshaa. The religion has a host of different Gods that cater for each aspect of the world. Abkhaz gods have "Apaimbari" meaning angels and observers that function as representatives of the Gods on earth. They keep track of everything that is done amongst the people, while reporting everything back to the Gods.

The followers of this religion have 7 holy temples among which 6 have been restored "Dydrypsh-nykha", "Lashkendar-nykha", "Ldzaa-nykha", "Lykh-nykha" and "Ulyr-nykha". The sixth sanctuary "Inal-Kuba" is located in a mountain valley of Pskhu, which is now populated by Russians. However, the name of the 7th temple is still disputed.

## Abrahamic religions

### Christianity

According to the 2003 census, 60% of respondents identified themselves as Christian and according to the 2011 census, 75% identified themselves as Christian. The two main churches active in Abkhazia are the Abkhazian Orthodox Church and the Armenian Apostolic Church. There are approximately 140 church buildings in Abkhazia, most of which date from the first millennium.

The Abkhazian Orthodox Church operates outside the official Eastern Orthodox ecclesiastical hierarchy, as all Eastern Orthodox churches recognise Abkhazia as belonging to the jurisdiction of the Georgian Orthodox church. The Georgian Orthodox Church lost effective control over the *Sukhumi-Abkhazian eparchy* following the 1992-1993 war in Abkhazia, when ethnically Georgian priests had to flee Abkhazia. It maintains its structures in exile, where the current head is Archbishop Daniel. The Abkhazian Orthodox Church came into existence when the ethnically Abkhaz branch of the Sukhumi-Abkhazian Eparchy declared on 15 September 2009 that it no longer considered itself part of the Georgian Orthodox Church and that it was re-establishing the Catholicate of Abkhazia disbanded in 1814.

The Georgian Orthodox Church has accused the Russian Orthodox Church of interfering in its internal affairs, thereby violating Orthodox canon law, by training and sending into Abkhazia priests, publishing translations of the Gospels into the Abkhaz language and annexing Georgian Orthodox property in Abkhazia. The Russian Orthodox Church claims that the priests it has sent serve in Abkhazia only temporarily while the local Orthodox believers do not have contacts with the Georgian Orthodox Church.

May 15, 2011 at the National Assembly of the Church in the city of New Athos (Anakopiya), proclaimed the establishment of a new church organization - the Holy Metropolis of Abkhazia.

The Catholic Church in Abkhazia is the third largest Christian denomination and mostly consists of mainly Armenians, Poles, and expatriates living in Abkhazia. The Holy See does not have diplomatic relations with Abkhazia, but has enjoyed two high level visits from the apostolic nuncio.

#### History of Christianity in Abkhazia

The earliest accounts of the introduction of Christianity into the present-day Abkhazia date from the 1st century AD, and from 325, when the bishop of Pityus (present day Pitsunda) participated in the First Ecumenical Council in Nicaea. From around the 9th century onwards, the Orthodox dioceses of Abkhazia were governed by the Catholicate of Abkhazia, subordinated to the Georgian Orthodox Church. The Catholicate of Abkhazia and the Georgian Orthodox Church were abolished in 1814 and 1811 and the dioceses taken over by the Russian Orthodox Church. The Georgian Orthodox Church regained its independence in 1917, after the fall of Tsar Nicholas II.

During the 1992-1993 war in Abkhazia, the Georgian Orthodox church effectively lost control of Abkhazian church affairs as ethnically Georgian priests had to flee Abkhazia and the Abkhaz Priest Vissarion Aplaa became acting head of the Sukhumi-Abkhazian eparchy. In the following years, recently consecrated clerics from the neighbouring Russian Maykop Eparchy arrived in Abkhazia, who eventually came into conflict with Vissarion. Through the mediation of Russian church officials, the two sides managed to reach a power-sharing agreement at Maikop in 2005, but this did not hold.

In April 2008, the last Georgian Orthodox priest remaining in the predominantly Georgian-populated Gali district was expelled, reportedly by Abkhaz security officers, after a "special decree" of the Sukhumi-Abkhazian Eparchy, effectively leaving the local Georgian community without access to clergy. After the capture of the Upper Kodori Valley during the August 2008 war, the two remaining monasteries of Georgian Orthodox monks and nuns there were pressured by the Abkhazian authorities to submit to the Abkhazian Orthodox authorities or else leave Abkhazia. The Abkhazian Deputy Foreign Minister Maxim Gvinjia said the Abkhazian authorities did not plan to defend Georgian monks and nuns. The monks and nuns refused, and in April 2009, they were expelled from Abkhazia.

On 15 September 2009, the Sukhumi-Abkhazian Eparchy led by Vissarion declared that it no longer considered itself part of the Georgian Orthodox Church, that it was re-establishing the Catholicate of Abkhazia, and that it would henceforth be known as the *Abkhazian Orthodox Church*.

Representatives of the Holy Metropolis of Abkhazia, a new church organization in Abkhazia, are quite successful dialogue with the Ecumenical Patriarchate of the decision of the Abkhazian Church issue.

### Islam

According to the 2003 census, 16% of respondents identified themselves as Muslim and according to the 2011 census 10% of respondents identified themselves as Muslim. There are two mosques in Abkhazia, one in Gudauta and one in Sukhumi.

#### History of Islam in Abkhazia

Islam spread in Abkhazia during the times of Ottoman domination in the region from the 16th until the 18th century. The first evidence of Abkhazian Muslims was given by the Turkish historian Evliya Çelebi in the 1640s, whose mother was Abkhazian. Throughout the 19th century Russo-Turkish wars, Abkhazian nobility was split along religious lines, with Christians being generally pro-Russian, and Muslims siding with the Ottomans against Russia. Russia's final victory in the area in the 1860s-1870s and two Abkhazian revolts forced most of Muslim Abkhaz to emigrate to the Ottoman Empire as Muhajirs in the 1870s.

Thousands of Abkhaz, known as *muhajirun*, fled Abkhazia for Ottoman Empire in the mid-19th century after resisting the Russian conquest of the Caucasus. Today, Turkey is home to the world's largest Abkhaz diaspora community. Size estimates vary - Diaspora leaders say 1 million people; Abkhaz estimates range from 150,000 to 500,000. In the Caucasus, Governor-General G.S. Golitsyn reported to Konstantin Pobedonostsev, ober-procurator of the Holy Synod, in 1901 with alarm about a "massive movement of the Abkhaz to Islam" in Abkhazia, a matter "especially dangerous on a frontier that borders Muslim states".

In 2009, Muslims in Abkhazia for the first time received an invitation from the King of Saudi Arabia to go on the Hajj to Mecca.

On 19 December 2011, the Spiritual Board of the Muslims in Abkhazia held its fourth congress, after the death of its Chairman First Mufti of Abkhazia Adlia Gablia. Salikh Kvaratskhelia was elected the new Chairman, Roman Jugelia and Timur Dzyba Deputy Chairmen.

#### Recent murders

Daur Mutsba, a member of the local Muslim community, and his wife Karin Nersesyan were shot dead on 2 July 2007 by an unknown gunman in the yard of the house they rented in the centre of Sukhumi. Mutsba was originally from Adzyubzha, Ochamchira District. Another murder took place on 17 August 2007 at around 13:00, when Khamzat Gitsba was killed in Gudauta along with Ufa resident Ruslan Assadulina. Gitsba was a member of the Spiritual Board of the Muslims of Abkhazia and an informal leader of Muslims in Gudauta. Gitsba died on the site of the shooting and Assadulina died in hospital. The masked killer had shot the pair through a lowered back window of a Chrysler stolen a few days earlier, using a machine gun with suppressor. The burning wreck of the car was found later on the outskirts of town. The death of Gitsba, who had fought against Georgians during the 1992-1993 war and who had been among the pro-Chechen hijackers of the Turkish passenger ship MV Avrasya in 1996, as well as other perceived anti-Muslim violence led to serious concerns by the Abkhaz Muslim community about their security. A similar incident took place in Gudauta on 8 October 2010, in which 34-year-old Arsaul Pilia was shot dead outside the mosque in a drive-by shooting. The car involved, a Volkswagen Touareg discovered to be registered to a resident of Khimki, Moscow Oblast, was found burned about an hour later, outside the village of Achandara, near Gudauta.

It was announced in June 2012 that, as part of the investigation of the February 2012 assassination attempt on President Alexander Ankvab, police had also reopened the case of the attempted assassination of the Imam of the Sukhumi Mosque Salikh Kvaratskhelia in July 2010. It was not established whether there was a connection to the killing in Gagra on 17 July 2010, of Emil Chakmach-ogly a member of the Spiritual Board of the Muslims of Abkhazia and a member of the Public Chamber of Abkhazia, he had previously been a Deputy of the People's Chamber of Abkhazia. Chakmach-ogly was shot in the courtyard of his home around 2:00, after returning from his shop.

### Judaism

As of 2012, the Jewish population in Abkhazia is estimated at 150 and is mostly elderly.


title: Josefine Persson

abstract: Josefine Høegh Persson is a Danish ice hockey player and member of the Danish national ice hockey team, currently playing with Luleå HF/MSSK of the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL). She was named the Danish Women's Ice Hockey Player of the Year in 2014. Høegh Persson has represented Denmark at every IIHF Women's World Championship since making her national team debut at the 2011 IIHF World Championship Division II. She led the Danish team in assists and ranked second on the team for points at the 2019 IIHF Women's World Championship Division IA, playing a key part in Denmark earning promotion to the Top Division for the first time since 1992. Høegh Persson scored Denmark's first goal of the 2021 IIHF Women's World Championship in Calgary.

text:
# Josefine Persson

**Josefine Høegh Persson** (born 28 March 1994) is a Danish ice hockey player and member of the Danish national ice hockey team, currently playing with Luleå HF/MSSK of the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL). She was named the Danish Women's Ice Hockey Player of the Year in 2014.

Høegh Persson has represented Denmark at every IIHF Women's World Championship since making her national team debut at the 2011 IIHF World Championship Division II. She led the Danish team in assists and ranked second on the team for points at the 2019 IIHF Women's World Championship Division IA, playing a key part in Denmark earning promotion to the Top Division for the first time since 1992. Høegh Persson scored Denmark's first goal of the 2021 IIHF Women's World Championship in Calgary.

## InfoBox

| Josefine Persson | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Høegh Persson representing Denmark at the 2017 IIHF Women's World Championship Division I | | | |
| Born | (1994-03-28) 28 March 1994
Copenhagen, Denmark | | |
| Height | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Weight | 75 kg (165 lb; 11 st 11 lb) | | |
| Position | Wing | | |
| Shoots | Left | | |
| SDHL team
Former teams | *Luleå HF/MSSK*
AIK IF
Hvidovre IK
Rødovre IK | | |
| National team | Denmark | | |
| Playing career | 2005present | | |


title: Josefine Krengel

abstract: Josefine Krengel is a German football defender, currently playing for Lokomotive Leipzig in the Bundesliga. She previously played for Turbine Potsdam, Bayern Munich and Tennis Borussia Berlin.

text:
# Josefine Krengel

**Josefine Krengel** is a German football defender, currently playing for Lokomotive Leipzig in the Bundesliga. She previously played for Turbine Potsdam, Bayern Munich and Tennis Borussia Berlin.

## Personal life

Outside of football, Krengel worked as an insurance salesperson.

## InfoBox

Josefine Krengel
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Josefine Krengel | | |
| Date of birth | (1981-05-31) 31 May 1981 | | |
| Place of birth | Germany | | |
| Height | 1.67 m (5 ft 6 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender, Midfielder | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1997–2000 | Turbine Potsdam |  |  |
| 2000–2003 | Bayern Munich |  |  |
| 2003–2008 | Tennis Borussia Berlin |  |  |
| 2008– | Lokomotive Leipzig |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Renato Espinosa

abstract: Renato Espinosa Torres is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a forward for Peruvian Primera División side Alianza Atlético.

text:
# Renato Espinosa

**Renato Espinosa Torres** (born 6 July 1998) is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a forward for Peruvian Primera División side Alianza Atlético.

## Club career

### Ayacucho

In January 2017, Espinosa refused to sign a three-year professional contract with Sporting Cristal because the parties couldn't agree, and instead joined Ayacucho FC on a free agent, alongside three other former teammates from Sporting Cristal. Espinosa had been contacted by Francisco Melgar from Cristal's management, who Espinosa previously worked under at Cristal, and signed a deal for the whole 2017 season, after having played in three preseason friendly matches for Ayacucho.

However, Espinosa was never able to make his professional debut for the club.

### Return to Sporting Cristal

In the summer 2017, only six months after his departure from Cristal, Espinosa officially returned to Sporting Cristal. He made his professional debut for Cristal in the following season, on 1 March 2018, against his former club Ayacucho FC in the Peruvian Primera División. Espinosa started on the bench, before he came on as a substitute for Josepmir Ballón in the 81st minute.

After only playing 14 minutes during the 2018 season in the Peruvian Primera División, Espinosa was loaned out to Universidad de San Martín for the 2019 season. Espinosa played 23 games and scored four goals.

Espinosa was loaned out again for the 2020 season, this time to UTC Cajamarca.

### Later clubs

On 3 December 2020 it was confirmed, that Espinosa had signed with Alianza Universidad for the 2021 season. He got his debut on 15 March 2021 against Cusco FC. Espinosa made a total of 23 appearances for the club, scoring five goal. On 3 December 2021, Espinosa signed with Deportivo Municipal for the 2022 season.

### Cantolao

On 8 December 2022, Academia Cantolao confirmed the signing of Espinosa. In January 2024, Espinosa moved to Peruvian Primera División side Sport Huancayo. On June 6, 2024, Espinosa signed with Alianza Atlético.

## InfoBox

Renato Espinosa
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Renato Espinosa Torres | | |
| Date of birth | (1998-07-06) 6 July 1998 | | |
| Place of birth | Lima, Peru | | |
| Height | 1.81 m (5 ft 11 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Alianza Atlético | | |
| Number | 24 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 0000–2016 | Sporting Cristal | | |
| 2017–2018 | Sporting Cristal | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2017 | Ayacucho | 0 | (0) |
| 2017–2020 | Sporting Cristal | 2 | (0) |
| 2019 | Univ. San Martín (loan) | 23 | (4) |
| 2020 | UTC Cajamarca (loan) | 22 | (3) |
| 2021 | Alianza Universidad | 23 | (5) |
| 2022 | Deportivo Municipal | 32 | (6) |
| 2023 | Cantolao | 32 | (1) |
| 2024 | Sport Huancayo | 7 | (0) |
| 2024– | Alianza Atlético | 11 | (4) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 21:47, 21 September 2024 (UTC) | | | |


title: Saskatoon/Richter Field Aerodrome

abstract: Saskatoon/Richter Field Aerodrome is located 6 nautical miles north of Saskatoon and just west of Martensville, Saskatchewan, Canada.

text:
# Saskatoon/Richter Field Aerodrome

**Saskatoon/Richter Field Aerodrome** (TC LID: **CRF5**) is located 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) north of Saskatoon and just west of Martensville, Saskatchewan, Canada.

## InfoBox

| Saskatoon/Richter Field Aerodrome | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Private |
| Operator | Frank Richter |
| Location | RM of Corman Park No. 344, near Martensville, Saskatchewan |
| Time zone | CST (UTC−06:00) |
| Elevation AMSL | 1,700 ft / 518 m |
| Coordinates | 52°16′49″N 106°41′02″W / 52.28028°N 106.68389°W / 52.28028; -106.68389 |
| Map | |
| CRF5Location in SaskatchewanCRF5CRF5 (Canada) | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  08/26 3,000 914 Turf/gravel/clay | |
| Source: Canada Flight Supplement | |


title: Sanmon Shosetsu/Senryo Yakusha

abstract: " "Sanmon Shosetsu" / "Senryo Yakusha" is a Japanese double A-side single by King Gnu. It was released on December 2, 2020, by Sony Music Labels. "Sanmon Shosetsu" served as the theme song for Nippon TV drama A Girl of 35 and was preleased on October 30, while "Senryo Yakusha" was used as a commercial song for NTT Docomo's 5G.

text:
# Sanmon Shosetsu/Senryo Yakusha

"**Sanmon Shosetsu**" / "**Senryo Yakusha**" (三文小説/千両役者, *Sanmon Shōsetsu/Senryō Yakusha*, lit. "Dime Novel"/"Star Actor") is a Japanese double A-side single by King Gnu. It was released on December 2, 2020, by Sony Music Labels (Ariola Japan). "Sanmon Shosetsu" served as the theme song for Nippon TV drama *A Girl of 35* and was preleased on October 30, while "Senryo Yakusha" was used as a commercial song for NTT Docomo's 5G.

## Background and release

On September 25, 2020, it was announced that "Sanmon Shosetsu" would be used as the theme song for the Nippon TV drama *A Girl of 35*, starring Ko Shibasaki. They later announced that they would release the song as well as "Senryo Yakusha" as a double A-side single in December. This marked over a year since their last single "Kasa", and their first release since their major label debut. "Sanmon Shosetsu" was pre-released on October 30, and the music video was released on November 6. "Senryo Yakusha", used as a commercial song for NTT Docomo's 5G, and its music video were released simultaneously on December 2.

## Charts

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Japan (RIAJ) | Gold | 100,000^ |
| "Sanmon Shosetsu" | | |
| Japan (RIAJ) | Gold | 100,000* |
| Japan (RIAJ) | Platinum | 100,000,000 |
| "Senryo Yakusha" | | |
| Japan (RIAJ) | Silver | 30,000,000 |
| * Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
Streaming-only figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| "Sanmon Shosetsu/Senryo Yakusha" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by King Gnu | |
| from the album  *The Greatest Unknown* | |
| Language | Japanese |
| Released | December 2, 2020 (2020-12-02) |
| Label | Ariola Japan |
| Songwriter(s) | Daiki Tsuneta |
| King Gnu singles chronology | |
| "Kasa"
(2019) "**Sanmon Shosetsu/Senryo Yakusha**"
(2020) "Abuku"
(2021) | |


abstract: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for protecting and improving the environment as a valuable asset for the people of Ireland. It operates independently under the Department of the Environment, Climate and Communications.

text:
# Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)

The **Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)** is responsible for protecting and improving the environment as a valuable asset for the people of Ireland. It operates independently under the Department of the Environment, Climate and Communications.

## History

The EPA was founded in 1993, following the enactment of the Environmental Protection Agency Act 1992. In 2014, it merged with the Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland, which was itself founded in 1992. The present-day EPA continues the activities of both groups.

## Organisation

The EPA operates independently under the Department of the Environment, Climate and Communications. It is led by an advisory committee headed by a director general. The current director general, Laura Burke, was appointed in 2011.

### Offices

There are five offices which answer to the advisory committee.

* The Office of Environmental Enforcement is responsible for implementing and enforcing environmental legislation.
* The Office of Environmental Sustainability is responsible for advocating for environmental protection and sustainability, with a goal in particular to meet Ireland's multiple environmental commitments.
* The Office of Evidence and Assessment is responsible for providing environmental data, information and assessment.
* The Office of Radiation Protection and Environmental Monitoring - responsible for ensuring that the public is protected from the effects of harmful ionizing radiation.
* The Office of Communications and Corporate Services - responsible for providing support for all staff across the EPA.

### Sites

The EPA operates from a number of sites across Ireland. The Headquarters are located in Johnstown Castle Estate, County Wexford.

Additional offices are located in:

## InfoBox

Environmental Protection Agency
| *An Ghníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Agency overview | |
| Formed | 1993 (1993) |
| Jurisdiction | Ireland |
| Headquarters | Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Y35 W821, Ireland
52°17′45″N 6°30′05″W / 52.295915°N 6.501418°W / 52.295915; -6.501418 |
| Employees | 350+ |
| Annual budget | €72.85 million (2018) |
| Agency executive | * Laura Burke,
(Director General) |
| Website | www.epa.ie |


title: Dang district, India

abstract: Dang is a district in the southeastern part of the state of Gujarat in western India. The administrative headquarters of the district are located in Ahwa. Dang has an area of 1,764 km⁲ and a population of 228,291. As of 2011, it is the least populous of Gujarat's 33 districts. As per the Planning Commission, Dang is one of the most economically distressed district out of 640 districts in India. 94% of the population belongs to one of the scheduled tribes. The five Kings of Dangs are the only hereditary royals in India whose titles are currently recognized by the government owing to an agreement between the Government of India and the Dang kings in 1842.

text:
# Dang district, India

**Dang** is a district in the southeastern part of the state of Gujarat in western India. The administrative headquarters of the district are located in Ahwa. Dang has an area of 1,764 km2 and a population of 228,291 (as of 2011). As of 2011, it is the least populous of Gujarat's 33 districts. As per the Planning Commission, Dang is one of the most economically distressed district out of 640 districts in India. 94% of the population belongs to one of the scheduled tribes. The five Kings of Dangs are the only hereditary royals in India whose titles are currently recognized by the government owing to an agreement between the Government of India and the Dang kings in 1842.

## Etymology

The origin of the name of the Dang is uncertain. In common parlance the word 'dang' means a hilly village. There is another connotation of the word 'dang' which means bamboo (a place of bamboo). The name is also associated with Hindu mythology. It is related to the Dandakaranya of the Ramayana. It is said that during the exile, Rama passed through this area on his way to Nashik.

## Kings of Dang

The five Royal Bhil Kings of Dangs are currently the only hereditary rulers in India.

Before Independence several wars were fought between the five tribal kings of Dang and the Company. According to the history of Dang, the biggest war to took place at 'Lashkaria Amba', in when the kings of all the five states joined to protect Dang from the British. The British were beaten and agreed to a compromise.

As per the treaty signed in 1842 the Company allowed to use the forests and their natural products against which they had to pay around 3,000 silver coins to the five kings. Currently the kings receive a yearly political pension by the Government of India, which is the main source of their income. This payment is continued even though all privy purses for the Princely states of India were stopped in 1970 since the agreement was between then monarchy of Dangs and the Government of India, not the Crown.

At the end of each fiscal year during Holi, the kings gather in Ahwa for a traditional royal ceremony, in their richly decorated buggies and bands with tribal dancers, to receive the payment as per the agreement of 1842. In ancient Indian Scriptures Dang is known as *Danda Aranyaka*, meaning 'Bamboo forest'. Recently the Dangs Kings have urged the government to protect their depleting forest cover due to illegal logging.

The five kingdoms are Daher-Amala, Linga, Gadhvi, Vasurna and Pimpri.

### Rulers

1. *Linga* \- Raja Bhawarsinh
2. *Daher-Amala* \- Raja Tapatrao Anandrao Pawar
3. *Gadhvi* \- Raja Karan Singh Yashwantrao Pawar
4. *Vasurna* \- Raja Dhanrajsinh Chandrasinh Suryavanshi
5. *Pimpri* \- Raja Trikamrao Sahebrao Pawar

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1901 | 18,333 |  |
| 1911 | 28,926 | +4.67% |
| 1921 | 24,142 | −1.79% |
| 1931 | 33,495 | +3.33% |
| 1941 | 40,236 | +1.85% |
| 1951 | 47,282 | +1.63% |
| 1961 | 71,567 | +4.23% |
| 1971 | 94,185 | +2.78% |
| 1981 | 113,664 | +1.90% |
| 1991 | 144,091 | +2.40% |
| 2001 | 186,729 | +2.63% |
| 2011 | 228,291 | +2.03% |
| source: | | |

| Religions in Dang district (2011) | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | |  |  | |
| Hinduism | |  | 89.16% | |
| Christianity | |  | 8.77% | |
| Islam | |  | 1.57% | |
| Other or not stated | |  | 0.50% | |
| Distribution of religions | | | | |

According to the 2011 census, Dang district has a population of 228,291, roughly equal to the nation of Vanuatu. This gives it a ranking of 587th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 129 inhabitants per square kilometre (330/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 21.44%. Dang has a sex ratio of 1007 females for every 1000 males, and literacy rate of 76.8%. 10.81% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 0.43% and 94.65% of the population respectively.

### Language

Languages in Dang District (2011)

Dangi (59.6%)  Gujarati (32.5%)  Gamit (3.18%)  Marathi (1.2%)  Hindi (1.21%)  Other (1.54%)

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 59.55% of the population in the district spoke Dangi, 32.53% Gujarati, 3.18% Gamit, 1.99% Marathi and 1.21% Hindi as their first language.

## Politics

| District | No. | Constituency | Name | Party | | Remarks |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Dang | 173 | Dangs (ST) | Vijaybhai Patel |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |  |

## Economy

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Dang District as an economically distressed district, one of 250 out of a total of 640 districts. It is one of the six districts in Gujarat currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

## Forest

Dang District has part of a forest that includes Purna Wildlife Sanctuary, which is shared between the districts of Dang and Tapi in Gujarat and Nandurbar District in Maharashtra, and Vansda National Park in Navsari District, which shares a continuous tract of forest with Valsad district.

A rusty-spotted cat was sighted for the time in 1991 in Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary.

In Purna and Ratanmahal Wildlife Sanctuarys, eight bird species are considered locally extinct, including Indian grey hornbill, jungle bush quail, red spurfowl and large woodshrike. Also, Bengal tiger, Indian giant squirrel and gaur are reportedly extinct in Gujarat.

## Talukas

1. Subir
2. Waghai
3. Ahwa

## Rivers of district

## Places of interest

## InfoBox

| Dang District Dandakaranya | |
| --- | --- |
| District of Gujarat | |
| Lakes near Saputara | |
| Interactive Map Outlining Dang District | |
| Location of Dang district in Gujarat | |
| Coordinates: 20°45′31.7″N 73°41′19.0″E / 20.758806°N 73.688611°E / 20.758806; 73.688611 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Gujarat |
| Headquarters | Ahwa |
| Area | |
| Total | 1,764 km2 (681 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 228,291 |
| Density | 130/km2 (340/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Gujarati, Hindi, English |
| Spoken | Khandeshi, Gujarati, Bhili, Marathi, Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Website | dangs.nic.in |


title: Elegant parrot

abstract:
The elegant parrot is a species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae.
It is endemic to Australia.

text:
# Elegant parrot

The **elegant parrot** (***Neophema elegans***) is a species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae. It is endemic to Australia.

## Naming and taxonomy

The elegant parrot was called *carteri*, *bilgir*, or *koolyederong* by Aboriginal peoples. Its English name came from the renowned ornithologist and artist John Gould in 1837, its specific name Latin for "elegant". It is one of six species of grass parrot in the genus *Neophema*, and within it a member of the subgenus *Neonanodes*. Its common name is elegant parrot, but it has also been called elegant parakeet, elegant grass parakeet, and grass parrot in the past.

## Description

The elegant parrot is 23 cm (9.1 in) long and predominantly golden olive in colour with a dark blue frontal band line above with lighter blue, while abdomen and vent are yellow. The female is a duller shade of olive all over and has a narrower blue frontal band. The wings are predominantly olive with outer flight feathers dark blue. The yellow-edged tail has shades of olive and blue. The bill and legs are grey and the eyes dark brown. Juveniles are duller and lack the frontal bands.

## Distribution and habitat

The elegant parrot is found in two disjunct regions, one across southwestern Australia from Moora in the north to Merredin and Esperance in the east, and in southeastern South Australia (including Kangaroo Island) north to Marree, and east into western Victoria.

## Breeding

Breeding season is anywhere from July to November or after rainfall, with one or occasionally two broods raised depending on rainfall. A hollow higher than 15 m (49 ft) above the ground in a tree, usually a eucalypt along a watercourse or in a stringybark forest, is utilised for nesting, and a clutch of four to six round white eggs measuring 21 x 18 mm is laid there.

## InfoBox

| Elegant parrot | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Flinders Ranges, South Australia | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Psittaciformes |
| Family: | Psittaculidae |
| Genus: | *Neophema* |
| Species: | ***N. elegans*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Neophema elegans***
(Gould, 1837) | |
|
|  | |
| Distribution of the elegant parrot | |