title: Botley Hill

abstract: Botley Hill is a hill in Surrey and is the highest point of the North Downs, with a height of 269.6 metres (885 ft). The Prime Meridian crosses the hill.

text:
# Botley Hill

**Botley Hill** is a hill in Surrey and is the highest point of the North Downs, with a height of 269.6 metres (885 ft). The Prime Meridian crosses the hill.

## Geography

Botley Hill is a Marilyn (a hill with topographic prominence of at least 150m), and the third highest point in the county (after the peaks of Leith Hill south of Dorking and Gibbet Hill in Hindhead, both on the Greensand Ridge).

Botley Hill was a main surveying point for the Anglo-French Survey (1784–1790) which sought to precisely measure the relative positions of the Royal Greenwich Observatory and the Paris Observatory. This task was led by General William Roy. By coincidence Botley Hill lies due south of the Greenwich Observatory, as the Prime Meridian of the world passes over the top of the hill, just to the west of the summit.

The summit lies at the edge of a water tower enclosure to the north of The Ridge, less than 1 km from the North Downs Way. Previously the location of the Marilyn was given as the 267 metres (876 ft) trig point at TQ396553 as this is the highest point marked on current maps. However, the 1965 1" Ordnance Survey map shows a spot height of 882 feet at the site of the present water tower. A levelling survey confirmed the new location. To the south is Oxted, which is the nearest railway station.

It can be seen from the highest points in Croydon, skyscrapers in London, and for example from Alexandra Palace, Stanmore Hill, Primrose Hill, Highgate and Hampstead on the opposite side of the Thames Basin.

## InfoBox

| Botley Hill | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 269.6 m (885 ft) |
| Prominence | 209 m (686 ft) |
| Parent peak | Leith Hill |
| Listing | Marilyn |
| Coordinates | 51°16′43.9″N 0°00′45.5″E / 51.278861°N 0.012639°E / 51.278861; 0.012639 |
| Geography | |
| Botley HillLocation of Botley Hill related to Surrey | |
| Location | Surrey, England |
| Parent range | North Downs |
| OS grid | TQ387551 |
| Topo map | OS *Landranger* 187 |


title: Russian Roulette (Ed Harcourt EP)

abstract: Russian Roulette EP is an EP by Ed Harcourt, released on 5 May 2009 worldwide by Dovecote Records. The EP was made available as a digital download-only release, and as a limited edition 512-megabyte USB stick in the shape of a bullet. The USB stick features album artwork, photos, and seven unreleased music videos. Official promo-only CDs were also released for radio promotion. The song "Caterpillar" was written by Ed about his newborn daughter Roxy, and the time she spent in an incubator shortly after her birth. Harcourt said, "It's the first song I've written about her. She was a little ill and we [Ed and his wife Gita] waited for her in the hospital for the chrysalis so we could take her home." The EP is also dedicated to her. A music video was produced for the song "Black Feathers," which was directed by a "well-known British director who is contractually obliged to remain anonymous."

text:
# Russian Roulette (Ed Harcourt EP)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | Not rated link |
| Aversion.com | link |
| God Is in the TV Zine | link |

***Russian Roulette EP*** is an EP by Ed Harcourt, released on 5 May 2009 worldwide by Dovecote Records. The EP was made available as a digital download-only release, and as a limited edition 512-megabyte USB stick in the shape of a bullet. The USB stick features album artwork, photos, and seven unreleased music videos. Official promo-only CDs were also released for radio promotion. The song "Caterpillar" was written by Ed about his newborn daughter Roxy, and the time she spent in an incubator shortly after her birth. Harcourt said, "It's the first song I've written about her. She was a little ill and we \[Ed and his wife Gita\] waited for her in the hospital for the chrysalis so we could take her home." The EP is also dedicated to her.

A music video was produced for the song "Black Feathers," which was directed by a "well-known British director who is contractually obliged to remain anonymous."

## Track listing

1. "Russian Roulette" – 5:43
2. "Sour Milk, Motheaten Silk" – 3:57
3. "Black Feathers" – 3:31
4. "Caterpillar" – 4:10
5. "Creep Out of the Woodwork" – 4:08
6. "Girl With the One Track Mind" – 4:53

* All songs written and produced by Ed Harcourt.
* Recorded and mixed by Dave Lynch.
* Recorded and mixed at Ed's Studio, ICC Studios, and Wapping Press Studios.
* Drums on tracks 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 by Raife Burchell.
* Backing vocals on track 3 by Gita Harcourt and Edie Langley.
* Violin on tracks 2 and 5 by Gita Harcourt.
* All other instruments played by Ed Harcourt.
* Mastered by Miles Showell at Metropolis.
* Dovecote Records #DCR 0022

## InfoBox

| Russian Roulette EP | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Ed Harcourt | |
| Released | 5 May 2009 |
| Recorded | February 2009 |
| Genre | British rock |
| Length | 26:06 |
| Label | Dovecote |
| Producer | Ed Harcourt, Dave Lynch |
| Ed Harcourt chronology | |
| *Until Tomorrow Then: The Best of Ed Harcourt*
(2007) ***Russian Roulette EP***
(2009) *Lustre*
(2010) | |


title: Russula sanguinaria

abstract: Russula sanguinaria, commonly known as the bloody brittlegill or rosey russula, is a strikingly coloured mushroom of the genus Russula, which has the common name of brittlegills. It is bright blood-red, inedible, and grows in association with coniferous trees. It was previously widely known as Russula sanguinea.

text:
# Russula sanguinaria

| *Russula sanguinaria*Mycological characteristics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | **Gills** on hymenium |
|  | Cap is **convex** or **depressed** |
|  | Hymenium is **adnate** or **decurrent** |
|  | Stipe is **bare** |
|  | Spore print is **cream** |
|  | Edibility is **inedible** |

***Russula sanguinaria***, commonly known as the **bloody brittlegill** or **rosey russula**, is a strikingly coloured mushroom of the genus *Russula*, which has the common name of **brittlegills**. It is bright blood-red, inedible, and grows in association with coniferous trees. It was previously widely known as *Russula sanguinea*.

## Taxonomy

The bloody brittlegill was first described as *Agaricus sanguinarius* by Heinrich Christian Friedrich Schumacher in 1803, and redescribed under its current binomial name by mycologist Stephan Rauschert in 1989. *Agaricus sanguinea* was described by Bulliard and renamed *Russula sanguinea* by Elias Magnus Fries.

Both the specific epithets *sanguinaria* and *sanguinea* are derived from the Latin word *sanguis* ('blood'), a reference to the mushroom's colour. According to David Arora in 1986, it was unclear whether this European species is the same as the American species *Russula rosacea*. According to a 2012 field guide, they are the same.

## Description

The robust cap grows up to 10 cm (4 in) in diameter. At first it is convex, but later flattens, and sometimes becomes saucer-shaped when mature. It is bright blood-red, or rose coloured at first, fading slightly with age, and often having paler areas. The cap skin peels at the margin only. The stem is firmly robust, occasionally white, but more commonly flushed with the cap colour. It is streaked vertically, and tends to turn greyish pink with age. The cream to pale ochre gills are adnate to slightly decurrent, narrow and forking. The spore print is also cream to pale ochre. The flesh is white, somewhat hot and peppery, and sometimes bitter on the tongue, with a faint fruity smell.

### Similar species

* *Russula helodes* is macroscopically identical, but tends to favour sphagnum moss in coniferous forests, and is much rarer.
* *Russula emetica* (Schaeff.) Pers. grows in the same habitat, and has a bright red cap. It almost never has a coloured stipe, and is very crumbly and fragile.

Most of the other common bright red *Russula* species grow with deciduous trees.

## Distribution and habitat

***Russula sanguinaria*** appears in summer and autumn. It is widespread in the northern temperate zones, and is mycorrhizal with softwood trees, often *Pinus* (pine) in coniferous woodland, on sandy soils.

## Edibility

This mushroom is inedible; it has a 'peppery' taste, and is sometimes quite bitter. Many similar-tasting Russulas are poisonous when eaten raw. The symptoms are mainly gastrointestinal in nature: diarrhoea, vomiting and colicky abdominal cramps. The active agent has not been identified but is thought to consist of sesquiterpenes, which have been isolated from *Russula sardonia*, and the related genus *Lactarius*.

## InfoBox

| *Russula sanguinaria* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Russulales |
| Family: | Russulaceae |
| Genus: | *Russula* |
| Species: | ***R. sanguinaria*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Russula sanguinaria***<br>(Schumach.) Rauschert. (1989) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Rumex nivalis

abstract: Rumex nivalis, commonly called snow dock, is a species of flowering plant in the knotweed family. It is endemic to Europe, where it grows mainly in snowbeds. It is dioecious, with separate male and female plants. The plant was first discovered by Alexander Moritzi in 1836 in the Swiss Alps. It is most plentiful at 7000 feet above sea level.

text:
# Rumex nivalis

***Rumex nivalis***, commonly called **snow dock**, is a species of flowering plant in the knotweed family. It is endemic to Europe, where it grows mainly in snowbeds. It is dioecious, with separate male and female plants.

The plant was first discovered by Alexander Moritzi in 1836 in the Swiss Alps. It is most plentiful at 7000 feet above sea level.

## InfoBox

| *Rumex nivalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Polygonaceae |
| Genus: | *Rumex* |
| Species: | ***R. nivalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Rumex nivalis***<br>Hegetschw. | |
|


title: Bouchon

abstract: A bouchon is a type of restaurant found in Lyon, France, that serves traditional Lyonnaise cuisine, such as sausages, coq-au-vin, "salade lyonnaise" duck pâté or roast pork. Compared to other forms of French cooking such as nouvelle cuisine, the dishes are quite hearty. There are approximately twenty officially certified traditional bouchons, but a larger number of establishments describe themselves using the term. Typically, the emphasis in a bouchon is not on haute cuisine but, rather, a convivial atmosphere and a personal relationship with the owner.

text:
# Bouchon

A **bouchon** (French pronunciation: \[buʃɔ̃\]) is a type of restaurant found in Lyon, France, that serves traditional Lyonnaise cuisine, such as sausages, coq-au-vin, "salade lyonnaise" duck pâté or roast pork. Compared to other forms of French cooking such as *nouvelle cuisine*, the dishes are quite hearty. There are approximately twenty officially certified traditional bouchons, but a larger number of establishments describe themselves using the term.

Typically, the emphasis in a bouchon is not on *haute cuisine* but, rather, a convivial atmosphere and a personal relationship with the owner.

## History

The tradition of bouchons came from small inns visited by silk workers passing through Lyon in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

According to the dictionary *Le petit Robert*, this name derives from the 16th century expression for a bunch of twisted straw. A representation of such bundles began to appear on signs to designate the restaurants and, by metonymy, the restaurants themselves became known as bouchons. The more common use of "bouchons" as a stopper or cork at the mouth of a bottle, and its derivatives, have the same etymology.

### Today

Since 1997, Pierre Grison and his organization, *L'Association de défense des bouchons lyonnais* (The Association for the Preservation of Lyonnais Bouchons), bestow annual certifications to restaurants as "authentic" bouchons. These restaurants receive the title *Les Authentiques Bouchons Lyonnais* and are identified with a sticker showing the marionette Gnafron, a Lyonnais symbol of the pleasures of dining, with a glass of wine in one hand and a napkin bearing the Lyon crest in the other.

The following list, subject to some fluctuation as the certification is bestowed annually, contains most of the certified bouchons: *Abel*, *Brunet*, *Café des deux places*, *Café des fédérations*, *Chabert et fils*, *Daniel et Denise*, *Chez Georges le petit bouchon*, *Les gones*, *Hugon*, *Le Jura*, *Chez Marcelle*, *Le Mercière*, *La mère Jean*, *Le mitonné*, *Le Morgon*, *Le musée*, *Chez Paul*, *Les Trois Maries*, *A ma vigne*, and *Le Vivarais*.

While many bouchons are now oriented strongly towards the tourist market, with increased prices and less traditional fare as a result, a typical meal in a real bouchon costs around €12-15 as of 2006.

## Cuisine

Typical items in the bouchon repertoire include:

SoupTripe soup, pumpkin soup Salads and cold appetizersChicken liver salad, pork head cheese, *groins d'âne* salad (literally, "donkey snout" salad), marinated herrings, *salade Lyonnaise* (lettuce with bacon, croutons, mustard dressing, and a poached egg) Hot appetizers*gateau de volaille* (chicken liver cake), *boudin noir* (blood sausage, usually served with warm apples) OffalAndouillette (pork offal sausage), assorted offal gratin, tablier de sapeur FishStingray, quenelles (ground fish dumplings), grilled fillets MeatCoq au vin, pot-au-feu (pot roast), chicken thighs stuffed with morels VegetablesCardoon *à la moelle* (in bone marrow), *barboton*, *pailasson de Lyon* Cheese*Saint-Marcellin*, *Saint-Félicien*, *Rigotte de Condrieu* Desserts*tarte praline* (praline tart), lemon meringue pie, caramelized apples, *bugnes de Lyon* (miniature beignets)

## Bibliography

* Everylen et Jean-Marc Boudou (2003). *Les Bonnes Recettes des Bouchons Lyonnais*. Libris. ISBN 2-84799-002-X.


abstract: The men's welterweight event at the 1986 Asian Games took place from 27 September to 4 October 1986 at Jamsil Students' Gymnasium, Seoul, South Korea. A boxer may win by knockout or by points. Scoring is on the "10-point-must," with 5 judges scoring each round. The boxer with the higher score from a majority of the judges is the winner.

text:
# Boxing at the 1986 Asian Games – Men's 67 kg

The men's welterweight (67 kilograms) event at the 1986 Asian Games took place from 27 September to 4 October 1986 at Jamsil Students' Gymnasium, Seoul, South Korea.

A boxer may win by knockout or by points. Scoring is on the "10-point-must," with 5 judges scoring each round. The boxer with the higher score from a majority of the judges is the winner.

## Schedule

All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)

| Date | Time | Event |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Saturday, 27 September 1986 | 15:00 | Quarterfinals |
| Thursday, 2 October 1986 | 15:00 | Semifinals |
| Saturday, 4 October 1986 | 15:00 | Final |

## Results

Legend * **KO** — Won by knockout
* **RSCH** — Won by referee stop contest head blow
* **WO** — Won by walkover

|  | Quarterfinals | |  |  | Semifinals | |  |  | Final | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | |  |  | **Sumruay Mongsont (THA)** | **5** |  |  | | | |
|  | **Gopal Dewang (IND)** | **5** |  |  | Gopal Dewang (IND) | 0 |  | |
|  | Albert Papilaya (INA) | 0 |  |  |  | |  |  | Sumruay Mongsont (THA) |  |  |
|  | **Kim Dong-kil (KOR)** | **RSCH** |  |  | |  |  | **Kim Dong-kil (KOR)** | **WO** |  |
|  | Muhammad Khalid (PAK) |  |  |  | **Kim Dong-kil (KOR)** | **5** |  |  |  | |  |
|  | **Kunihiro Miura (JPN)** | **KO** |  |  | Kunihiro Miura (JPN) | 0 |  | | ||
|  | Jhapat Singh Bhujel (NEP) |  |  |  | | | | | ||

## InfoBox

| Men's 67 kg <br>at the 1986 Asian Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Jamsil Students' Gymnasium |
| Date | 27 September – 4 October 1986 |
| Competitors | 7 from 7 nations |
| Medalists | |
| South Korea  Thailand  India  Japan | |
|


title: Rupara

abstract: Rupara is a settlement and a former mission station of the Finnish Missionary Society in the Kahenge Constituency in the Kavango West Region in Northern Namibia. It is located 76 km west of Rundu, and 57 km south-east of Nkurenkuru.

text:
# Rupara

**Rupara** (in older print media and maps also known as **Lupala**, as it is pronounced by the Ovambo people) is a settlement and a former mission station of the Finnish Missionary Society in the Kahenge Constituency in the Kavango West Region in Northern Namibia. It is located 76 km west of Rundu, and 57 km south-east of Nkurenkuru.

## History of the mission station

The Finnish Missionary Society established its first mission station in Kavango in Nkurenkuru in the beginning of 1929. Its first permanent missionary there, pastor Aatu Järvinen (later Järvineva) founded a small station in Rupara in 1931, and built there a residence for the local missionary, consisting of two rooms, along with four round huts for the new clinic. The first missionary there was Anna Rautaheimo, a nurse.

In 1935, the clinic had more than 100 inpatients, and it was reported that the outpatients numbered “several thousand”.

The same year also teacher Maija Länsiö arrived there. She was given the task of developing an education system for the eastern parts of the tribe of Uukwangali.

## Rupara today

There is a community school known as Rupara Combined School, it goes up to grade 10, and it has a dormitory which accommodates learners from other villages. In addition there is also a clinic.

## InfoBox

| Rupara | |
| --- | --- |
| Settlement | |
| RuparaLocation in Namibia | |
| Coordinates: 17°50′43″S 19°4′19″E / 17.84528°S 19.07194°E / -17.84528; 19.07194 | |
| Country | Namibia |
| Region | Kavango West |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (South African Standard Time) |
| Climate | BSh |


title: Boyəhməd

abstract: Boyəhməd is a village and municipality in the Julfa District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. It is located 64 km in the north from the district center, on the left bank of the Alinjachay River, on the slope of the Zangezur ridge. There are secondary school, club, library and a medical center in the village. It has a population of 267.

text:
# Boyəhməd

**Boyəhməd** (also, **Bəyəhməd** and **Boyakhmed**) is a village and municipality in the Julfa District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. It is located 64 km in the north from the district center, on the left bank of the Alinjachay River, on the slope of the Zangezur ridge. There are secondary school, club, library and a medical center in the village. It has a population of 267.

## Etymology

The name of the village is related with the name of *boyahmedli* tribe of the Turkic gazakhlar. It is an Ethno-toponym.

## Historical and archaeological monuments

### Boyahmedli I

*Boyahmedli I* – the settlement of the first Iron Age in the north-west of the Boyahmedli village of Julfa region, on the left bank of Daryachay River. Monument is located on the slope of the mountain ridge down to the river. Its area is 1500 m2. Was registered in 1991. As a result of the using as arable land from the area where the monument is located the surface materials and the cultural layer were destroyed. On the surface of the land have been found the fragments of the pottery, the grain-stones in pink and gray colored made from the tuff. Some of the pieces of potteries have been painted in black and been slightly polished. The findings are kept in the Museum of History and Ethnography of Julfa rayon. It is assumed that the monument belongs to the 1st half of the 1st millennium BC.

### Boyahmedli II

*Boyahmedli II* – the medieval settlement in the south-west of the Boyahmedli village of Julfa region, on the right bank of Daryachay River. It is surrounded by the mountain range in the north and east, and in the north-west and south-west by deep valleys. Was registered in 1991. Its area is 1300 m2. The south-west side of the monument is covered with remains of the construction (buildings built with stone). In the place of some of the buildings are preserved the pits in the square-shaped. Here were found the broken parts of the millstone made from the white stone, in the middle is the hole with a diameter of 10 sm and products of clay in pink and gray colored. Muslim Cemetery is located in the northern part of the village. A bit in distance from cemetery, during road construction, the settlement has been cut, the cultural layer (thickness in 0,5-1,5 m) was destroyed. Layer has been in the dark color and consists from remains of the building, animal bones and fragments of the potteries (jug in the pink and gray colored, bowl, containers in lamp-type). In the Middle Ages, the settlement has expanded towards to the north-east and covered the territory of present-day village of Boyahmed. It is assumed that the monument belongs to the 3 - 9 centuries.

### Boyahmedli III

*Boyahmedli III* – the medieval settlement in the north-east of the Boyahmedli village of Julfa region, on the slope of high hill. Necropolis is limited by the high mountains in the north-east, and in the south by the land road. Its area is 1600 m2. Was registered in 1991. Some of the graves are destroyed as a result of soil erosion, the head stones of the majority of the graves have fallen, and chest stones have rotted. The graves are in direction of the Qibla (sacred direction). Tombstones made in rough form, mainly, have been flat, is in the rectangular shape. On some of the chest stones of the graves was found the lines which is split in the endpoints. It is assumed that the necropolis belongs approximately to the 14-17 centuries.

### Boyahmedli Necropolis I

*Boyahmedli Necropolis I* – the archeological monument in the south-west from the Boyahmedli village of Julfa region, on the both bank of the Daryachay River. Is surrounded by high mountains from all sides. Its area is 5000 m2. Was discovered during construction works (1989). Some of the archaeological materials were collected from the destroyed grave monuments. In 1991, the archaeological expedition did research of the two destroyed and two unharmed grave monument in the Boyahmed necropolis, have been collected some of the findings from the local population and handed over to the Museum of History and Ethnography of Julfa region. From the stone box graves, were found many ornaments, the bronze daggers, pitchfork, chain, spear tip and other materials. At the result of the exploration works, the graves did not have any surface signs. Starting from a depth of 1 m of the excavation area were found the remains of a human skeleton, near the western wall of the grave directed toward the northwest, top-down, face up the two skulls, beneath were found the bronze daggers, the third skull was upright at a distance of about 20 sm, the fourth skull was found nearby on the south wall, the beneath was found the bronze scabbard. From the around of the Skeletons were found the ornaments (bracelets, necklaces, rings, beads etc.), and from the grave were found the clay products in gray-colored (pitchers, plates, goblets, bowls, trays etc.). From the findings it is assumed that the Boyahmed Necropolis belongs to the beginning of the 1st millennium of BC.

### Boyahmedli Necropolis II

*Boyahmedli Necropolis II* – the archeological monument of the first Iron Age in the north from the Boyahmedli village of Julfa region. It is located on the slope of the high mountain limited by deep valley in the north and south-east. Necropolis was studied in 1991. The graves do not have any surface signs. From the destroyed grave in the stone box-type during road construction were found two bronze bracelets, the bronze knife, and the samples of the clay pots. The analysis of archaeological materials shows that the monument belongs to the beginning of the 1st millennium of BC.

## InfoBox

| Boyəhməd | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Boyəhməd | |
| Coordinates: 39°16′03″N 45°50′45″E / 39.26750°N 45.84583°E / 39.26750; 45.84583 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Autonomous republic | Nakhchivan |
| District | Julfa |
| Population (2005) | |
| Total | 267 |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |


title: Russell Arthur Missin

abstract: Russell Arthur Missin was an English cathedral organist, who served in Newcastle Cathedral.

text:
# Russell Arthur Missin

**Russell Arthur Missin** (15 July 1922  28 November 2002) was an English cathedral organist, who served in Newcastle Cathedral.

## Background

He was born in Wisbech, Cambridgeshire on 15 July 1922. Missin's parents lived in a small village, Gorefield just outside Wisbech. He was awarded his FRCO CHM in 1947 and took a Doctor in Theology (Church Music) degree from Geneva Theological College, America. He also held the A.D.C.M. (Archbishop of Canterbury's Diploma in Church Music).

He was married to Muriel, and they had two sons. His ashes are interred in the churchyard at St Paul’s Church, Gorefield, Wisbech.

## Career

Assistant organist at Ely Cathedral 1945 - 1949

Organist of:

## InfoBox

| Russell Arthur Missin | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1922-07-15)15 July 1922<br>Wisbech, Cambridgeshire, England |
| Died | 28 November 2002(2002-11-28) (aged 80) |
| Genres | Choral music |
| Occupation | Church organist |
| Instrument | Organ |


title: Boy Meets Girl (Tholiprema Katha)

abstract: Boy Meets Girl is a 2014 Indian Telugu-language romantic comedy film directed by Vasanth Dayakar and starring Siddharth Jonnalagadda, Nikhita Anil and Kanika Tiwari. The film was released on 28 March 2014 around the time of Ugadi and was a box office failure.

text:
# Boy Meets Girl (Tholiprema Katha)

***Boy Meets Girl (Tholiprema Katha)*** is a 2014 Indian Telugu-language romantic comedy film directed by Vasanth Dayakar and starring Siddharth Jonnalagadda, Nikhita Anil (in her Telugu debut) and Kanika Tiwari.

The film was released on 28 March 2014 around the time of Ugadi and was a box office failure.

## Cast

*Source*

## Production

Vasanth Dayakar, who previously worked for Bommarillu Bhaskar and Srikanth Addala, made his directorial debut with this film. Malayali actress Nikhita Anil made her Telugu debut with this film.

## Reception

A critic from *The Times of India* wrote that "Director Vasanth Dayakar handles the subject well though the comedy sometimes goes haywire. The artistes live their roles, thanks also to the cinematography". A critic from *123Telugu* said that "On the whole, *Tholi Prema Katha (Boy Meets Girl)* is just another ordinary love story. Few comedy scenes will surely go well with the youngsters". A critic from *Indiaglitz* said that "A second-rate rom-com with nothing exciting".

## InfoBox

| Boy Meets Girl (Tholiprema Katha) | |
| --- | --- |
| Official poster | |
| Directed by | Vasanth Dayakar |
| Written by | Vasanth Dayakar |
| Starring | Siddhu Jonnalagadda
Nikhita Anil
Kanika Tiwari |
| Cinematography | Durga Kishore |
| Music by | **Songs:**
Gururaja
Vasanth Dayakar
Sriram Tapaswi
**Score:**
Gururaja |
| Release date | * 28 March 2014 (2014-03-28) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Telugu |


title: Brachylophora

abstract: Brachylophora auricollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, the only species in the genus Brachylophora.

text:
# Brachylophora

***Brachylophora auricollis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, the only species in the genus ***Brachylophora***.

## InfoBox

| *Brachylophora auricollis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Brachylophora*** |
| Species: | ***B. auricollis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Brachylophora auricollis***<br>(Bruch, 1918) | |
|


abstract: Bradley James Davis is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy in the Australian Football League (AFL). A ruckman, Davis started his career at the Burnie Hawks, from where he was drafted by Fitzroy. They selected him in the 1990 National Draft, with pick 27. He played four games for Fitzroy in 1991, but played just once more, in the opening round of the 1993 season. In 1994 he joined West Adelaide for a stint in the South Australian National Football League, then he returned to Tasmania and signed with the Burnie Dockers. He won Burnie's best and fairest award in 1998 and 1999. In 2001 he played with the Tasmanian Devils and for the following two years played at North Ringwood. He then rejoined the Dockers and won the Wilfred Barker Medal for his efforts in the 2005 Northern Tasmanian Football League grand final. In 2006 he acted as Burnie's playing coach.

text:
# Brad Davis (Australian rules footballer)

**Bradley James Davis** (born 18 July 1972) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy in the Australian Football League (AFL).

A ruckman, Davis started his career at the Burnie Hawks, from where he was drafted by Fitzroy. They selected him in the 1990 National Draft, with pick 27. He played four games for Fitzroy in 1991, but played just once more, in the opening round of the 1993 season.

In 1994 he joined West Adelaide for a stint in the South Australian National Football League, then he returned to Tasmania and signed with the Burnie Dockers. He won Burnie's best and fairest award in 1998 and 1999. In 2001 he played with the Tasmanian Devils and for the following two years played at North Ringwood. He then rejoined the Dockers and won the Wilfred Barker Medal for his efforts in the 2005 Northern Tasmanian Football League grand final. In 2006 he acted as Burnie's playing coach.

## InfoBox

| Brad Davis | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Bradley James Davis | | |
| Date of birth | (1972-07-18) 18 July 1972 | | |
| Original team(s) | Burnie Hawks | | |
| Draft | No. 27, 1990 National Draft | | |
| Height | 195 cm (6 ft 5 in) | | |
| Weight | 90 kg (198 lb) | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1991–1993 | Fitzroy | 5 (1) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1993. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Brad Davis (American football)

abstract: Bradford Timothy Davis is a former American football player who played professionally as a running back in the National Football League (NFL) for the Atlanta Falcons for two seasons. Davis was born in Hammond, Louisiana and attended Hammond Magnet High School. He attended college at Louisiana State University, where he played college football for the LSU Tigers football team. He rushed for 2,253 yards on 472 carries in his college career, and had 16 rushing and two receiving touchdowns. He was named to the 1973 All-SEC team as a first-team selection by the United Press and second-team by the Associated Press after rushing for 904 yards and scoring seven total touchdowns during the season.

text:
# Brad Davis (American football)

**Bradford Timothy Davis** (born February 9, 1953) is a former American football player who played professionally as a running back in the National Football League (NFL) for the Atlanta Falcons for two seasons.

Davis was born in Hammond, Louisiana and attended Hammond Magnet High School. He attended college at Louisiana State University, where he played college football for the LSU Tigers football team. He rushed for 2,253 yards on 472 carries in his college career, and had 16 rushing and two receiving touchdowns. He was named to the 1973 All-SEC team as a first-team selection by the United Press and second-team by the Associated Press after rushing for 904 yards and scoring seven total touchdowns during the season.

## InfoBox

Brad Davis
| No. 47 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Running back |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1953-02-09) February 9, 1953
Hammond, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Height: | 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) |
| Weight: | 204 lb (93 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Hammond
(Hammond, Louisiana) |
| College: | LSU |
| NFL draft: | 1975 / round: 9 / pick: 211 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Boys of Summer (The Wire)

abstract: "Boys of Summer" is the first episode of the fourth season of the HBO original series The Wire. Written by David Simon from a story by David Simon & Ed Burns, and directed by Joe Chappelle, it originally aired on September 10, 2006.

text:
# Boys of Summer (The Wire)

"**Boys of Summer**" is the first episode of the fourth season of the HBO original series *The Wire*. Written by David Simon from a story by David Simon & Ed Burns, and directed by Joe Chappelle, it originally aired on September 10, 2006.

## Plot

Snoop, Marlo Stanfield's young enforcer, replaces her cordless nail gun. Snoop and her mentor, Chris Partlow, prepare a vacant row house while a victim pleads with them. After the victim is shot with a suppressed pistol, they cover the body with quicklime and plastic sheets and nail the vacant building closed before leaving.

Councilman Tommy Carcetti and his deputy campaign manager, Norman Wilson, are busy with appointments and public appearances as Carcetti runs for mayor. The process of campaigning has left him bitter and disillusioned, and he ignores certain duties such as fundraising calls. Thomas "Herc" Hauk joins Mayor Clarence Royce's security detail. Royce's chief of staff, Coleman Parker, reports that Carcetti and Anthony Gray's campaigns are asking for two separate debates. In contrast to Carcetti, Royce has a speaking engagement with a healthy attendance at a harbor redevelopment site. Carcetti's engagement with the community initially makes him energized, but he sours upon hearing about his low poll numbers and assumes he has already lost. Later, an officer recognizes a drunk Carcetti sitting on a park bench at Federal Hill Park.

Bodie Broadus is shown running his own drug dealing crew, for which Namond Brice is the runner. One of Bodie's colleagues, Lex, complains that his baby's mother, Patrice, is dating Fruit, a crew chief from Marlo's organization. Lex threatens to kill Fruit, despite Bodie's warning that doing so will invoke Marlo's wrath. Bodie is met by Slim Charles, who now works for Proposition Joe. Meanwhile, Namond's friends Michael Lee and Randy Wagstaff ask to take them catching pigeons. Duquan "Dukie" Weems scares off the birds, which leads to Michael having to break up a fight between Dukie and Namond. That night, Lex shoots Fruit dead as he leaves a club. When Dukie is beaten up by children in the terraces, the boys plan to pelt them with water balloons filled with urine. The plan goes sour when Namond bursts a balloon on himself and his friends flee. Michael is caught and beaten. Later, Namond buys ice cream for his friends. Randy returns home and is scolded by his foster mother for breaking curfew.

Detectives Lester Freamon and Kima Greggs ask ASA Rhonda Pearlman to sign off on subpoenas of key political figures that they have linked to the Barksdale Organization. Greggs tricks Lieutenant Jimmy Asher, the Major Crimes Unit's new commander, into signing the papers they need. Freamon learns about Fruit's murder through the wiretap and meets with Bunk Moreland and Ed Norris, who are working the case in Homicide. Bunk gives Freamon a cell phone that they recovered from Fruit's body to garner more numbers for wiretaps. District Sergeant Ellis Carver harasses Bodie's crew, and encounters Jimmy McNulty, who is still a beat cop. When Bodie tries the politeness that Carver has taught him on Officer Anthony Colicchio he is angrily rebuked. Carver reminds Colicchio that if they come down hard on everyone, they'll have no one to get information from when something serious happens.

McNulty is called to meet with Major Cedric Daniels, now commander of the Western District, who urges him to move out of the patrol division and return to detective work. After McNulty declines the offer, Daniels reflects he is probably better off in Patrol on a personal level. At the roll call meeting, officers are given a misguided mandatory lecture about soft targets for terrorism in West Baltimore. Bunk visits McNulty to ask if he knows Lex, and is invited to dinner with his domestic partner Beadie Russell. Meanwhile, Roland "Prez" Pryzbylewski arrives at an inner city school as a trainee math teacher, and is immediately hired by the principal when he mentions being a former police officer. Prez attends a seminar on student motivation that seems to be as inept as the terrorism lecture in the Western. Prez later takes in his unkempt classroom, but seems excited at the prospect of teaching.

Marlo meets with his lieutenants to discuss how to retaliate for Fruit's murder. One of them suggests killing everyone on Lex's corner, but Marlo argues that more murders would be unnecessary when nobody is trying to war with them, and the group agrees to only kill Lex. While Randy is selling candy on the corner, Little Kevin asks Randy to pass a message to Lex that Patrice wants to meet him that night. When Lex arrives at the spot, he is ambushed by Snoop and Partlow. Meanwhile, Bunk and Carver stake out the corner in search of Lex, but his absence prompts them to leave and agree to come back later. Little Kevin reveals to Randy that Lex was killed, and pays him cash for following his instructions. Snoop and Partlow board up another vacant house after leaving Lex's body there, while Randy sits outside of his home and watches a police car speed past.

## Production

Simon has commented that the influx of novice child actors led to an unruly behavior at the beginning of filming, but they became a closely knit group of professional young actors by the close of the series.

### Non-fiction elements

During the counter-terrorism briefing, Carver jokes that terrorists "got jacked by Apex's crew." Apex was a real stick-up man in Baltimore in the 1990s whom Ed Burns met, and was one of several inspirations for Omar Little.

### Title reference

The title refers to the children of West Baltimore on summer break. "The Boys of Summer" is also the title of a song by Don Henley and book by Roger Kahn, named from the poem 'I see the boys of summer' by Dylan Thomas. Both of those works illustrate a remembrance of glory days past and innocence lost. Thus the title sets the stage for the fourth season.

### Epigraph

> Lambs to the slaughter here.
>
> Marcia Donnelly

Assistant principal Donnelly makes this comment when Prez applies to be a teacher. This also can be applied to the group's (Michael, Namond, Duquan, and Randy) innocence before the events of the season begin to unfold, as well as Carcetti's inexperience heading into his campaign for election as mayor of Baltimore. The epigraph also ties into the sinister activities of Marlo's enforcers efficiently executing undesirables over pleas.

### Music

The song playing in the background while Randy is selling candy to Little Kevin is "Survival of the Fittest" by Mobb Deep.

### Credits

#### Starring cast

Although credited, Chad Coleman, John Doman, Frankie Faison, Andre Royo, Michael K. Williams and Robert Wisdom do not appear in this episode.

#### Guest stars

1. Jermaine Crawford as Duquan "Dukie" Weems
2. Maestro Harrell as Randy Wagstaff
3. Julito McCullum as Namond Brice
4. Tristan Wilds as Michael Lee
5. Gbenga Akinnagbe as Chris Partlow
6. Tootsie Duvall as Assistant Principal Marcia Donnelly
7. Henri Edmonds as School lecturer
8. Richard Hildebird as Principal Claudell Withers
9. Christopher Mann as Councilman Anthony Gray
10. Megan Anderson as Jen Carcetti
11. Brandy Burre as Theresa D'Agostino
12. Sam Coppola as "Young Tony" - Former Mayor
13. Joilet F. Harris as Officer Caroline Massey
14. Brandon Fobbs as Fruit
15. Anwan Glover as Slim Charles
16. Norman Jackson as Curtis "Lex" Anderson
17. Cleo Reginald Pizana as Chief of Staff Coleman Parker
18. Tyrell Baker as Little Kevin
19. Nathan Corbett as Donut
20. Felicia Pearson as Snoop
21. Karen Vicks as Gerry
22. Cynthia Webb-Manly as Teacher #2
23. Benjamin Busch as Officer Anthony Colicchio
24. Jay Landsman as Lieutenant Dennis Mello
25. Ed Norris as Detective Ed Norris
26. Jason Parker as Officer Reggie Leddett
27. Michael Salconi as Officer Michael Santangelo
28. Tyreeka Freamon as School Receptionist
29. Thomas C. Hessenauer as Teacher #1
30. Paul L. Nolan as Hardware store employee
31. Jim Rood as Southern District Patrol Officer
32. Gene Terinoni as Lieutenant Jimmy Asher

#### Uncredited appearances

Thomas Hessenauer has a cameo in this episode as a dissenting school teacher; he is also the assistant to executive producer Nina Kostroff Noble.

## First appearances

* **Namond Brice**: Middle school child who works as a runner for Bodie Broadus. He is the son of infamous Barksdale drug enforcer Wee-Bey Brice.
* **Michael Lee**: Middle school child who takes a leadership role amongst his peers.
* **Randy Wagstaff**: Middle school child who lives with a strict foster mother and is known for his imagination and entrepreneurship. He is the son of "Cheese" Wagstaff.
* **Duquan "Dukie" Weems**: Impoverished middle school child whose mother is a drug addict; often bullied by his peers.
* **Norman Wilson**: Tommy Carcetti's new deputy campaign manager.
* **Gerry**: Senior Carcetti campaign staffer.
* **Lieutenant Asher**: Commander of the major case unit. Asher is a retiring Lieutenant who provides no interference with the cases being conducted under the lead of Lester Freamon.
* **Lieutenant Hoskins**: Commander of mayor Royce's security detail.
* **Monk**: A lieutenant in the Stanfield Organization.
* **Lex, Little Kevin and Reesy**: Drug dealers in Bodie's crew.
* **Donut**: Middle school child who is friends with Namond, Michael and Randy.
* **Claudell Withers**: Edward Tilghman middle school's principal who handles most of the school's external problems.
* **Marcia Donnelly**: Edward Tilghman middle school's assistant principal who handles most of the school's internal problems.
* **Nerese Campbell**: Baltimore City Council President on Mayor Clarence Royce's election ticket.

## Reception

### Ratings

The episode drew an average of 1.5 million viewers. Coverage considered this as low compared to other HBO series like *Deadwood* and *The Sopranos*, but felt that including repeats of the episode and video-on-demand viewers would enhance the figure. Despite the low figures HBO commissioned a fifth season of the show two days after the episode aired.

### Critical response

An *Entertainment Weekly* critic named the opening scene of the episode as the first of his "five reasons to live" for the week. A second critic picked out the parallels between the police briefing and the teachers seminar as a key element of the episode tying the institution of the school and the police department together. He also saw the scenes as significant in demonstrating how far removed the bureaucracies of modern lives are from reality.

## InfoBox

| "**Boys of Summer**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *The Wire* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 4
Episode 1 |
| Directed by | Joe Chappelle |
| Story by | David Simon
Ed Burns |
| Teleplay by | David Simon |
| Original air date | September 10, 2006 (2006-09-10) |
| Running time | 58 minutes |
|
|


title: Boys of the City

abstract: Boys of the City is a 1940 black-and-white comedy/thriller film directed by Joseph H. Lewis. It is the second East Side Kids film and the first to star Bobby Jordan, Leo Gorcey, and Ernest Morrison.

text:
# Boys of the City

***Boys of the City*** (also known as *The Ghost Creeps*) is a 1940 black-and-white comedy/thriller film directed by Joseph H. Lewis. It is the second East Side Kids film and the first to star Bobby Jordan, Leo Gorcey, and Ernest Morrison.

## Plot

To escape the heat of the city and a court sentence for malicious mischief, the East Side kids agree to visit a summer camp in the Adirondacks. En route, their car breaks down and they are reluctantly given accommodations in the home of Judge Malcolm Parker.

The Judge, under indictment for bribery, has much to fear. His life, as well as that of his niece Louise has been threatened by a gang of racketeers; his companion, Giles, has accused him of embezzling Louise's fortune; and his sinister housekeeper, Agnes, blames him for the death of her mistress, Leonora. The Judge's fears are compounded when he meets Knuckles Dolan, the boys' guardian, whom he had unjustly sentenced to death, only to have his verdict reversed and Knuckles exonerated.

Later that night, when Louise is kidnapped and the Judge found strangled, Giles and Simp, the Judge's bodyguard, accuse Knuckles of the murder, but the boys capture Simp and Giles and determine to find the murderer themselves. Muggs and Danny discover a secret panel in the library wall and enter a passage where they find Louise's unconscious body and glimpse the figure of a fleeing man. Knuckles captures the man, who identifies himself as Jim Harrison of the district attorney's office.

Amid the confusion, the real killer takes Louise captive, but the boys track him down and unmask Simp. Harrison then identifies the bodyguard as the triggerman seeking revenge on the Judge. With the crime solved, the boys can finally leave for their summer camp.

## Cast

### The East Side Kids

### Other cast

## Production

This film was a direct follow-up to East Side Kids.

After completing the pilot film for the series, producer Sam Katzman was able to convince former Dead End Kids Bobby Jordan and Leo Gorcey to join the series. Katzman also brought in Gorcey's younger brother David, and former Our Gang star and Vaudeville entertainer "Sunshine Sammy" Morrison. Morrison had already known Katzman prior to joining the series.

While this film is technically a sequel to the previous film, some unexplained changes are made (namely the addition of "Muggs", "Scruno", and "Buster").

Most of the cast from the previous film did not return. Bobby Jordan replaced Harris Berger in the role of "Danny", and would retain the role for a large portion of the series' run.

Jack Edwards was originally slated to return as "Algernon Wilkes", but immediately declined after being offered a better paid part elsewhere. Eugene Francis took his place the day before filming began. Francis says he was paid $66 a week and the film was shot in five days. New York City exteriors were done at the Roach Studio, with interiors done on a soundstage on Gower St next to Columbia. Francis:

> I knew what I was getting into. It was Gower Gulch-bottom of the barrel. The cliche in Hollywood at the time was if you were working in Gower Gulch you’re either on your way up or on your way down... They’d block it out so we knew where we were supposed to walk. Sometimes that was the trouble with the picture. Everyone would pile in a scene like some kind of free-for-all. It looked like it was ad-libbed or at least that's how it seemed to me. I’m a guy who likes rehearsing but they didn’t believe in it. I don’t think Leo Gorcey could ever rehearse. He was pretty wild and you never knew what was going to happen... There was a lot of ad-libbing but \[the scenes and storyline were not substantially changed\]. You’d never get the picture done otherwise. We didn’t have to be word perfect just approximate... I did know that *Boys of the City* was terribly shot. You could see the flashlight reflection of a candle during one scene! No one cared. It was junk. They were poverty row films and no one wanted to be in them.

Hal E. Chester returned, but as his character was killed off in the previous film, he plays a different character here. This would be his last East Side Kids film.

In addition to Chester, Frankie Burke, Donald Haines, and Dave O'Brien all returned, and each reprised their role from the previous film. This would be Burke's last East Side Kids film. After his departure, the character of "Skinny" was given to Haines, while "Peewee" was given to David Gorcey.

Filming started in June 1940.

## Reception

The plot of the film was reused a year later in *Spooks Run Wild* and again four years later in *Crazy Knights*.

## InfoBox

| Boys of the City | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical poster | |
| Directed by | Joseph H. Lewis |
| Written by | William Lively |
| Based on | story by William Lively |
| Produced by | Sam Katzman |
| Starring | Bobby Jordan
Leo Gorcey |
| Cinematography | Robert E. Cline
Harvey Gould |
| Edited by | Carl Pierson |
| Music by | Lew Porter |
| Production
company | Four Bell Pictures Inc |
| Distributed by | Monogram Pictures Corporation |
| Release date | * July 15, 1940 (1940-07-15) (U.S.) |
| Running time | 68 minutes |
| Country | United States |


title: Rune Naito

abstract: Rune Naito was the pen name of Japanese artist, illustrator, writer, and designer Isao Naito. His illustrations of "large-headed" (nitōshin) baby-faced girls, first drawn for Japanese magazines in the mid-1950s, are credited with pioneering the contemporary culture and aesthetic of kawaii. He is further noted for his contributions to the Japanese gay men's magazine Barazoku, the first commercially circulated gay magazine in Japan.

text:
# Rune Naito

**Rune Naito** (Japanese: 内藤 ルネ, Hepburn: *Naitō Rune*, November 20, 1932 – October 24, 2007) was the pen name of Japanese artist, illustrator, writer, and designer **Isao Naito** (内藤功, *Naitō Isao*). His illustrations of "large-headed" (*nitōshin*) baby-faced girls, first drawn for Japanese magazines in the mid-1950s, are credited with pioneering the contemporary culture and aesthetic of *kawaii* (lit. "lovable" or "cute"). He is further noted for his contributions to the Japanese gay men's magazine *Barazoku*, the first commercially circulated gay magazine in Japan.

## Biography

Naito was born in Okazaki, Aichi. He pursued illustration after discovering the art of Jun'ichi Nakahara as a child, and began correspondence with the artist after graduating high school. Nakahara invited Naito to study under him as an assistant, prompting Naito to relocate from Okazaki to Tokyo at age 19. In 1954, Nakahara became a contributor to *Junior Soleil*, a girls' magazine edited by Nakahara, where he produced illustrations and wrote a fashion column titled "Fairy Memo". He drew under the pen name "Rune", as a reference to filmmaker René Clément.

Naito's "Rune Girl" illustrations, first published in *Junior Soleil*, were distinguished by their large heads (*nitōshin*) and baby-faced features. These illustrations are credited with pioneering the concept of *kawaii*, expanding the meaning of the word beyond its use as synonymous with "childish" to define what would become a culture and aesthetic. Children, fruit, and animals were common motifs in his art; after seeing pandas at the London Zoo in 1971, Naito created "Rune Panda", who would become one of his most ubiquitous and popular characters.

Naito's first books, *Konnichiwa Mademoiselle* and *Junior's Diary*, were published in 1959 and 1960, respectively. He departed girls' magazines in the 1960s to illustrate for women's, fashion, and interior design magazines. From the 1960s to the 1980s, he produced his own line of commercial goods, including glassware, tableware, and stickers.

In the 1970s and 1980s, Naito contributed gay erotic illustrations to *Barazoku*, the first commercially circulated gay men's magazine in Japan; the cover to the first issue of the magazine was designed by Naito's long-time partner Ryu Fujita. Naito's works were not overtly pornographic, instead depicting what he described as "cheerfulness and sexiness" that did not make men "look degraded." Naito was publicly closeted for the majority of his life, and did not come out as gay until his 2005 memoir *Subete o Nakushite* (*After Losing Everything*). Though Naito's erotic illustrations were historically excluded from retrospectives of his work, recent exhibitions (such as 2019's "Roots of Kawaii") have begun to include them.

Beginning in the 1980s, Naito began to create works that were a departure from his early *kawaii* aesthetic, such as oil paintings and freehand sketches influenced by Henri Rousseau. On October 24, 2007, Naito died of acute heart failure in his home in Izu, Shizuoka at the age of 74. While Naito was widely recognized in Japan in his lifetime, his works have continued to grow in popularity since his death. In 2011, 6%DOKIDOKI founder Sebastian Masuda launched "Rune Boutique", an exhibition and pop-up shop featuring Naito's works, in Los Angeles. In 2018, Peach Aviation launched a plane featuring artwork of Rune Girl.

## Exhibitions

## Further reading

* Naito, Rune. *After My Downfall (Subete o Nakushite)*. Shogakukan (2005). ISBN 978-4778030131
* Naito, Rune. *Rune Naito Artbox: The Roots of Kawaii*. Kodansha (2015). ISBN 9784062197625
* "Rune Naito: Roots of Kawaii", published by Okazaki Public Services

## InfoBox

| Rune Naito | |
| --- | --- |
| 内藤 ルネ | |
| Undated portrait of Naito | |
| Born | Isao Naito
(1932-11-20)November 20, 1932
Okazaki, Aichi |
| Died | October 24, 2007(2007-10-24) (aged 74)
Izu, Shizuoka |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Known for | Works pioneering the culture and aesthetic of *kawaii*; erotic illustrations for gay men's magazines |
| Notable work | "Rune Girl", "Rune Panda" |
| Style | Illustration |
| Partner | Ryu Fujita |
| Website | https://www.naitou-rune.jp/ |


title: Rune Monstad

abstract: Rune Monstad, also known as The Viking Biker, is a Norwegian cyclist who cycled around the world on a 27-speed Gekko mountain bike from 2005 to 2010. Born in Tønsberg, Norway, Rune went to Bolivia in 2004 to work with homeless children for a year. After returning to Norway, he decided he wanted to cycle all over the world, so he started in South America in December 2005, then cycled through Central America, Mexico and then across the United States. In November 2006, Rune started his trip to Canada and cycled across Canada in the winter, the first known person to do so. He was fully equipped with winter camping gear for sub-freezing temperatures. In May 2007, he left for Africa, cycling through Senegal, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, South Africa, Indonesia, Australia. He completed his trip in 2010, returning to live in Norway. In Africa, Rune was called "Paco", as it was too difficult for the locals to pronounce his name. Rune never paid for accommodation, and lived off $5–$10 per day USD. He carried a tent with him, but hardly had to use it, as many people offered him a place to stay in their homes. A few motels, lodges and hostels also offered him free accommodations as well as meals. Rune operated mostly on donations as cycling every day did not allow for time to work a regular job. He occasionally takes a few days off to see the local sights, attend special events and to meet with people in bicycle shops and cafes.

text:
# Rune Monstad

**Rune Monstad** (born April 14, 1973), also known as *The Viking Biker*, is a Norwegian cyclist who cycled around the world on a 27-speed Gekko mountain bike from 2005 to 2010. Born in Tønsberg, Norway, Rune went to Bolivia in 2004 to work with homeless children for a year. After returning to Norway, he decided he wanted to cycle all over the world, so he started in South America in December 2005, then cycled through Central America, Mexico and then across the United States. In November 2006, Rune started his trip to Canada and cycled across Canada (from west to east) in the winter, the first known person to do so. He was fully equipped with winter camping gear for sub-freezing temperatures.

In May 2007, he left for Africa, cycling through Senegal, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, South Africa, Indonesia, Australia. He completed his trip in 2010, returning to live in Norway. In Africa, Rune was called "Paco", as it was too difficult for the locals to pronounce his name.

Rune never paid for accommodation, and lived off $5–$10 per day USD. He carried a tent with him, but hardly had to use it, as many people offered him a place to stay in their homes. A few motels, lodges and hostels also offered him free accommodations as well as meals. Rune operated mostly on donations as cycling every day did not allow for time to work a regular job. He occasionally takes a few days off to see the local sights, attend special events and to meet with people in bicycle shops and cafes.

## Personal life

Rune is now married to Amelia Monstad with three children, and lives in the Yukon, Canada.

## Canada Trip

On February 3, 2007, while he was in Regina, Saskatchewan, he was invited to give a talk about winter cycling to a group of about 60 people with Regina EcoLiving Inc., a non-profit organization located in Regina. In areas where there is snow and/or ice in the winter, this is also called Icebiking.

On February 15, 2007, Rune arrived just west of Winnipeg, Manitoba, battling 50 kilometer per hour side winds with near whiteout conditions. He was featured in the Winnipeg Sun and Winnipeg Free Press over the weekend. While in Winnipeg, he was also invited to several events including a local Icebike event on February 18, which was sponsored by Woodcock Cycle Works. On March 3, he was invited to the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra's *Northern Landscape* concert and was introduced on stage by the conductor of the symphony, Alexander Mickelthwate. The Norwegian Canadian Club of Winnipeg hosted a display in the lobby of the Centennial Concert Hall. The Norwegian Club promotes arts, crafts, foods and language of Norway as well as encouraging community among Norwegians. Rune's bicycle was placed on the Norwegian display that evening, and during the intermission and after the concert, he met many symphony patrons.

Rune met several cyclists during his stay in Winnipeg and gave a brief talk about his trip. The Norwegian and Scandinavian Clubs held a luncheon for him, and he gave a talk to those groups as well. He also met the Ambassador of Norway to Canada, His Excellency Mr. Tor. B. Naess.

On March 4, Rune left Winnipeg to continue his trip east. He arrived in Thunder Bay on March 13 and in Sault Ste. Marie on March 23. He arrived in Sudbury on March 27. CTV Northern Ontario and News 10 Persona in Sudbury filmed a story about him. On Thursday, March 29, he left Sudbury, arriving in North Bay on Friday, March 30. To view the photos from his Thunder Bay trip, visit the Thunder Bay cycling club web site at http://www.tbaycc.ca, then click on "The Viking Biker Visits Thunder Bay" on the left under "News at a Glance".

On April 8, Rune arrived in Montreal and was featured on CBC TV. On May 5, he arrived in Halifax, Nova Scotia and on May 24, 2007, he arrived in Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador. Rune's plan is to cycle to L'Anse aux Meadows, where the Vikings first settled in North America. Rune's twin brother will be picking him up in a sailboat, and they will then sail to Africa, where Rune will continue his cycling adventure.

Rune has been interviewed on Conrad Schmidt's *Pedal Revolutionary* radio show in Vancouver, BC, KOMO-TV in Seattle, CBC Calgary and Global Winnipeg. Two television stations in Sudbury, Ontario also interviewed him. You can view these film clips on his web site. Several newspapers in the US, Canada and Norway have published stories about him.

Rune kept a daily diary with photos, thank-you credits, videos and stories about his adventure, which he updated weekly.


title: Boundedness (linguistics)

abstract: In linguistics, boundedness is a semantic feature that relates to an understanding of the referential limits of a lexical item. Fundamentally, words that specify a spatio-temporal demarcation of their reference are considered bounded, while words that allow for a fluidly interpretable referent are considered unbounded. This distinction also relies on the divisibility of the lexical item's referent into distinct segments, or strata. Though this feature most often distinguishes countability in nouns and aspect in verbs, it applies more generally to any syntactic category.

text:
# Boundedness (linguistics)

In linguistics, **boundedness** is a semantic feature that relates to an understanding of the referential limits of a lexical item. Fundamentally, words that specify a spatio-temporal demarcation of their reference are considered *bounded*, while words that allow for a fluidly interpretable referent are considered *unbounded*. This distinction also relies on the divisibility of the lexical item's referent into distinct segments, or strata. Though this feature most often distinguishes countability in nouns and aspect in verbs, it applies more generally to any syntactic category.

## Boundedness in verbs

For verbs, certain grammatical aspects express boundedness.

Boundedness is characteristic of perfective aspects such as the Ancient Greek aorist and the Spanish preterite. The simple past of English commonly expresses a bounded event ("I found out"), but sometimes expresses, for example, a stative ("I knew").

The perfective aspect often includes a contextual variation similar to an inchoative aspect or verb, and expresses the beginning of a state.

In German, the modal particle "mal" can be used to express that the speaker renounces the exactness and temporal unambiguity of the action of the verb, favoring vagueness and non-commitment.

## Boundedness in nouns

In order for a noun to be semantically *bounded*, its referent item, whether tangible or abstract, must have clearly defined limits on the extent and content of what it encompasses. Structurally, *bounded* and *unbounded* nouns correlate to a number of descriptive criteria. The first criterion is *internal homogeneity*; while the referent of *bounded* nouns can be composed of distinct segments, an *unbounded* noun typically refers to something which is considered a cohesive expanse. The next criteria are the interrelated concepts of *expansibility* and *replicability*. Because *unbounded* nouns refer to *internally homogeneous* referents, any part of their expansive referent could be analyzed as an instance of that noun. Further, any removal of the expanse does not change the applicability of the noun to its referent. These two qualities are not possible of *bounded* nouns.

Note that boundedness in nouns should not be thought of as synonymous with countability. Rather, boundedness is an underlying semantic distinction that motivates countability.


title: Bozeman (surname)

abstract:
Bozeman is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
  - Bradley Bozeman, American football center
  - Cedric Bozeman, American basketball player
  - Harley Bozeman (1891–1971), American salesman, tree farmer, politician, and historian, member of the Louisiana House of Representatives
  - John Bozeman (1837–1867), American pioneer and frontiersman in the American West who helped establish the Bozeman Trail through Wyoming Territory into the gold fields of southwestern Montana Territory
  - Phil Bozeman, member in the band Whitechapel
  - Terry Bozeman, American actor
  - Todd Bozeman, American college basketball coach
  - V. Bozeman, American soul singer, record producer and actress
  - Victor Bozeman (1929–1986), American television announcer, voice-over artist and actor
  - Virgil Bozeman (1912-2007), American politician and lawyer

text:
# Bozeman (surname)

**Bozeman** is a surname. Notable people with the name include:

* Bradley Bozeman (born 1994), American football center
* Cedric Bozeman (born 1983), American basketball player
* Harley Bozeman (1891–1971), American salesman, tree farmer, politician, and historian, member of the Louisiana House of Representatives
* John Bozeman (1837–1867), American pioneer and frontiersman in the American West who helped establish the Bozeman Trail through Wyoming Territory into the gold fields of southwestern Montana Territory
* Phil Bozeman, member in the band Whitechapel
* Terry Bozeman, American actor
* Todd Bozeman (born 1963), American college basketball coach
* V. Bozeman (born 1988), American soul singer, record producer and actress
* Victor Bozeman (1929–1986), American television announcer, voice-over artist and actor
* Virgil Bozeman (1912-2007), American politician and lawyer

## Fictitious persons


title: Bragg, West Virginia

abstract: Bragg is an unincorporated community in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States. Bragg is 11 miles (18 km) east of Beckley. A variant name was New; the present name is after the local Bragg family.

text:
# Bragg, West Virginia

**Bragg** is an unincorporated community in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States. Bragg is 11 miles (18 km) east of Beckley.

A variant name was New; the present name is after the local Bragg family.

## InfoBox

| Bragg, West Virginia | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Bragg, West VirginiaBragg, West Virginia | |
| Coordinates: 37°46′56″N 80°59′25″W / 37.78222°N 80.99028°W / 37.78222; -80.99028 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | West Virginia |
| County | Raleigh |
| Elevation | 2,779 ft (847 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| Area code(s) | 304 & 681 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1536293 |


title: Ryan Johnson (footballer, born 1984)

abstract: Ryan Johnson is a Jamaican former professional footballer who played as a forward.

text:
# Ryan Johnson (footballer, born 1984)

**Ryan Johnson** (born 26 November 1984) is a Jamaican former professional footballer who played as a forward.

## Career

### Youth and college

Johnson was born in Kingston, Jamaica and moved to the Boston area with his family while he was still an infant. He played high school soccer and basketball at Melrose High School in Massachusetts, where he was a Middlesex League and Eastern Mass League soccer all-star. He attended Oregon State University on a sports scholarship and played college soccer there from 2002 to 2005, where he scored 18 goals and assisted on 30 while appearing in 76 matches. He also spent two seasons in the USL Premier Development League, playing for Cape Cod Crusaders and Boulder Rapids Reserve.

### Professional

Johnson was drafted in the third round, 26th overall, by Real Salt Lake in the 2006 MLS SuperDraft. On 25 July 2006, after only appearing in 7 matches with Salt Lake, Johnson was traded to Chicago Fire in exchange for Jack Stewart. In the remainder of the 2006 season, Johnson played 3 matches for the Fire and failed to agree on a new contract with the team at season's end.

In early 2007, he was on trial with various teams in Scandinavia and eventually got a short-term contract with Swedish side Östers IF (then at Superettan), that stretched from March 2007 to July 2007. Because Östers' had a surplus of centre forwards at the time, they chose not to extend his contract any further and instead loaned Anatolij Ponomarev from GAIS. In 2007, he was on trial in FK Bodø/Glimt where he played one game against Leknes FK. He scored the last goal in the 8–1 win.

After a short stint playing indoor soccer with the New Jersey Ironmen, Johnson signed with San Jose Earthquakes for the 2008 MLS season. At the end of the 2009 MLS season, Johnson was named team MVP as the team's leading goalscorer.

On 14 July 2011, San Jose traded Johnson, an international roster spot, and allocation money to Toronto FC for Nana Attakora, Alan Gordon and Jacob Peterson. On 20 July Johnson made his debut for Toronto in a 1–0 home loss to FC Dallas. Three days later against Sporting Kansas City Johnson scored his first goal of the season for Toronto and assisted on a goal by newly acquired Danny Koevermans. The game ended as a 4–2 away defeat. On 2 August, in the return leg of the preliminary round of the CONCACAF Champions League, Johnson scored a superb volley in the 37th minute, followed by a goal in the 47th from a misplaced pass by the Real Esteli F.C. keeper. The two goals put Toronto FC into the group stage for the second straight year on an aggregate of 4–2.

Johnson continued his goal scoring form at the beginning of the 2012 season after scoring in both legs of the Champions League Quarter finals against Los Angeles Galaxy and against Seattle Sounders FC on 17 March. Johnson's goal against the Sounders earned him goal of the week. Johnson was awarded the George Gross Memorial Trophy as the 2012 Canadian Championship's best player.

Johnson was traded with Miloš Kocić to Portland Timbers on 12 December 2012 in exchange for Joe Bendik, a first-round pick in the 2013 MLS SuperDraft, and allocation money.

On 27 February 2014, Johnson transferred to Chinese Super League newcomer Henan Jianye.

The start of the 2015 season saw Ryan join new Korean K-League side Seoul E-Land FC under the tutelage of former Vancouver Whitecaps FC manager Martin Rennie and his assistant, ex-West Bromwich Albion and Celtic FC's Dan Harris.

In March 2016, Johnson signed for North American Soccer League side Rayo OKC. Johnson was released by Rayo OKC on 26 May 2016.

### International

Johnson made his debut with the Jamaica national football team on 12 April 2006 in a friendly against the United States, playing the first 70 minutes. He was rewarded for his outstanding 2009 MLS season with a recall to the Jamaica national football team in January 2010 for a friendly match versus Canada and a February 2010 match versus Argentina. He scored his first national team goal in a 2–1 loss to Argentina in Mar del Plata on 10 February 2010. Johnson continued his strong performances with the national team by scoring the winning goal versus Costa Rica in September 2010.

#### International goals

| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competitions |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 10 February 2010 | Estadio José María Minella, Mar del Plata, Argentina | Argentina | 0 – **1** | 2–1 | International Friendly |
| 2 | 5 September 2010 | Independence Park, Kingston, Jamaica | Costa Rica | **1** – 0 | 1–0 | International Friendly |
| 3 | 29 November 2010 | Stade En Camée, Rivière-Pilote, Martinique | Guadeloupe | **2** – 0 | 2–0 | 2010 Caribbean Championship |
| 4 | 7 June 2011 | The Home Depot Center, Carson, United States | Grenada | **2** – 0 | 4–0 | 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup |
| 5 | 13 June 2011 | Red Bull Arena, Harrison, United States | Honduras | **1** – 0 | 1–0 | 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup |
| 6 | 2 September 2011 | Quito, Ecuador | Ecuador | **2** – 4 | 2–5 | International Friendly |
| 7 | 24 February 2012 | Montego Bay Sports Complex, Montego Bay, Jamaica | Cuba | **1** – 0 | 3–0 | International Friendly |
| 8 | 8 June 2012 | Independence Park, Kingston, Jamaica | Guatemala | **2** – 0 | 2–1 | 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification |

## Honours

### Club

Toronto FC

### Individual

## InfoBox

Ryan Johnson
| Johnson in 2010 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (1984-11-26) 26 November 1984 | | |
| Place of birth | Kingston, Jamaica | | |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| College career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2002–2005 | Oregon State Beavers | 76 | (18) |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2002 | Cape Cod Crusaders | 6 | (2) |
| 2005 | Boulder Rapids Reserve | 9 | (12) |
| 2006 | Real Salt Lake | 7 | (0) |
| 2006 | Chicago Fire | 3 | (0) |
| 2007 | Östers | 14 | (2) |
| 2007–2008 | New Jersey Ironmen (indoor) | 14 | (2) |
| 2008–2011 | San Jose Earthquakes | 99 | (17) |
| 2011–2012 | Toronto FC | 43 | (10) |
| 2013 | Portland Timbers | 29 | (9) |
| 2014 | Henan Jianye | 28 | (4) |
| 2015 | Seoul E-Land | 31 | (1) |
| 2016 | Rayo OKC | 4 | (1) |
| International career | | | |
| 2006–2013 | Jamaica | 36 | (8) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 8 June 2016<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 14 June 2011 | | | |


title: Ruth Kaufman

abstract: Ruth Kaufman OBE is a British specialist in operations research (OR). As of 2018 she is a visiting senior fellow at the London School of Economics, where her role is to create links between academics and OR practitioners, and also practises as a consultant.

text:
# Ruth Kaufman

**Ruth Kaufman** OBE is a British specialist in operations research (OR). As of 2018 she is a visiting senior fellow at the London School of Economics, where her role is to create links between academics and OR practitioners, and also practises as a consultant.

## Education

Kaufman has a B.A. (1974) in mathematics and social sciences from the University of Sussex.

## Career

She has worked in OR in the fields of transport and electricity, and as a principal OR analyst at the Department of Health. Staying in government posts, she led the OR unit of the Export Credits Guarantee Department (ECGD) and became the chair of the Government Operational Research Service and chair of the Heads of OR Forum. She was head of strategy, change and OR at the ECGD before retiring from that post in 2008.

She was the president of the Operational Research Society 1 January 2016 - 31 December 2017. She was a co-founder of the society's Pro Bono OR scheme, launched in 2013.

## Other activities

Outside work she was chair for five years to 2014 of Woman's Trust, a charity supporting women in London who face domestic violence.

## Recognition

In 2011 she was made a Companion of OR, an award "for sustained support and encouragement for the development of Operational Research".

In the 2016 New Year Honours she was appointed OBE "for services to Operational Research".

## InfoBox

| Ruth Kaufman | |
| --- | --- |
| Education | Mathematics and Social Sciences from the University of Sussex |
| Known for | Contribution to the field of operational research |
| Awards | Companion of OR |
| Honours | OBE "for services to Operational Research" |


title: Bragelogne-Beauvoir

abstract: Bragelogne-Beauvoir is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

text:
# Bragelogne-Beauvoir

**Bragelogne-Beauvoir** (French pronunciation: \[bʁaʒlɔɲ bovwaʁ\]) is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 298 |  |
| 1975 | 277 | −1.04% |
| 1982 | 265 | −0.63% |
| 1990 | 284 | +0.87% |
| 1999 | 272 | −0.48% |
| 2009 | 271 | −0.04% |
| 2014 | 247 | −1.84% |
| 2020 | 235 | −0.83% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Bragelogne-Beauvoir | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
|  | |
| Location of Bragelogne-Beauvoir | |
| Bragelogne-BeauvoirBragelogne-Beauvoir | |
| Coordinates: 47°58′09″N 4°15′58″E / 47.9692°N 4.2661°E / 47.9692; 4.2661 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Grand Est |
| Department | Aube |
| Arrondissement | Troyes |
| Canton | Les Riceys |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20222026) | Hervé Griffon |
| Area**1** | 23.39 km2 (9.03 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 228 |
| Density | 9.7/km2 (25/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 10058 /10340 |
| Elevation | 260 m (850 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Ruscova (river)

abstract: The Ruscova is a right tributary of the river Vișeu in Romania. It discharges into the Vișeu in the village Ruscova, near Leordina. Its length is 38 km (24 mi) and its basin size is 433 km⁲ (167 sq mi).

text:
# Ruscova (river)

The **Ruscova** is a right tributary of the river Vișeu in Romania. It discharges into the Vișeu in the village Ruscova, near Leordina. Its length is 38 km (24 mi) and its basin size is 433 km2 (167 sq mi).

## Tributaries

The following rivers are tributaries to the river Ruscova:

## InfoBox

| Ruscova | |
| --- | --- |
| The river Ruscova near Repedea | |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Romania |
| Counties | Maramureș County |
| Villages | Poienile de sub Munte, Repedea, Ruscova |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth | Vișeu |
| location | Leordina |
| coordinates | 47°47′00″N 24°16′17″E / 47.7832°N 24.2713°E / 47.7832; 24.2713 |
| Length | 38 km (24 mi) |
| Basin size | 433 km2 (167 sq mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | VișeuTiszaDanubeBlack Sea |
| Tributaries |  |
| right | Socolău, Repedea |


title: Boursinidia darwini

abstract: Boursinidia darwini is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Biobío, Araucanía and Magallanes and Antartica Chilena Regions of Chile. The wingspan is 39–41 mm. Adults are on wing from November to December.

text:
# Boursinidia darwini

***Boursinidia darwini*** is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Biobío, Araucanía and Magallanes and Antartica Chilena Regions of Chile.

The wingspan is 39–41 mm. Adults are on wing from November to December.

## InfoBox

| *Boursinidia darwini* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | *Boursinidia* |
| Species: | ***B. darwini*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Boursinidia darwini***<br>(Staudinger, 1899) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Orthosia darwini* Staudinger, 1899 | |


title: Bourth

abstract: Bourth is a commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France.

text:
# Bourth

**Bourth** (French pronunciation: \[buʁt\]) is a commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 1,056 |  |
| 1968 | 1,070 | +1.3% |
| 1975 | 1,074 | +0.4% |
| 1982 | 1,013 | −5.7% |
| 1990 | 1,064 | +5.0% |
| 1999 | 1,124 | +5.6% |
| 2008 | 1,224 | +8.9% |

## InfoBox

| Bourth | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church in Bourth | |
|  | |
| Location of Bourth | |
| BourthBourth | |
| Coordinates: 48°46′15″N 0°48′30″E / 48.7708°N 0.8083°E / 48.7708; 0.8083 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Normandy |
| Department | Eure |
| Arrondissement | Bernay |
| Canton | Verneuil d'Avre et d'Iton |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20232026) | Géraldine Dumoutier |
| Area**1** | 18.63 km2 (7.19 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 1,171 |
| Density | 63/km2 (160/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 27108 /27580 |
| Elevation | 179–217 m (587–712 ft)
(avg. 198 m or 650 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Bradner Smith & Company

abstract: Bradner Smith & Company was a US paper manufacturer and dealer. It was established in Chicago, Illinois in 1853. In 2013, it was announced that Central National-Gottesman had acquired the assets and business of Bradner Central Company which operated Brander Smith.

text:
# Bradner Smith & Company

**Bradner Smith & Company** was a US paper manufacturer and dealer. It was established in Chicago, Illinois in 1853. In 2013, it was announced that Central National-Gottesman had acquired the assets and business of Bradner Central Company which operated Brander Smith.

## History

The firm of Bradner Smith & Co., manufacturers and dealers in paper, was established in 1853 at No. 12 LaSalle Street in a 20 by 60 feet (6.1 m × 18.3 m) store. It became one of the largest paper firms in the world, doing a business of US$2,000,000 a year. The firm had three establishments in the city of Chicago, branch houses at Kansas City, Missouri, Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Saint Paul, Minnesota. It operated six paper mills, manufacturing and selling every sort and size of news, book, wrapping, writing, blotting, and other papers, card board, envelopes, twines, wood pulp, and paper manufacturers' supplies.

There was very little paper manufactured in the West when Bradner Smith & Co. commenced business, and most of their stock was brought from East Coast mills. The company was able to make their own stock, and to supply hundreds of other houses with their manufactures, shipping paper by the trainload from their several mills. Bradner Smith & Co. commenced manufacturing in 1854 at Rockton, Illinois. Its purchased a Winnebago mill, which manufactured ten tons per day of express, manilla, rag, and straw wrapping paper. Their other manufactories were the Ledyard Pulp Mill, at Ledyard, Wisconsin, which made four tons of dry pulp per day; the Rozet Mill, at Three Rivers, which produced four tons per day of print and book paper; the Tippecanoe Paper Mill, at Monticello, Indiana. which made two tons of print paper daily, the Marinette Mill, at the place of the same name in Wisconsin, manufactured five tons of print paper, and the mill at Menominee, Michigan, which produced four tons of manilla paper and six tons of wood pulp daily.

## Products

Besides their own manufactories, Bradner Smith & Co. carried wedding and other stationery, imported and domestic, the Hurlbut plate paper, Crane's pure linen flats, the Germanic flat and ledger papers, and all other classes of goods used by stationers, printers, book-binders, and publication houses. Regular sizes and standard weights were stocked, but special sizes and weights could be made to order and furnished at mill prices. A stock of colored papers was on hand, and specialized papers for special purposes would be made to order in quantities to suit. They were also manufacturers of map paper, and furnished any weight or size requested. In cover papers, Bradner Smith & Co. had the largest and best-assorteded stock in the US.

The firm was the sole agent for the sale of Weston's pure linen ledger and record papers, which were awarded the gold medal at the Paris Exposition and the highest award at the Centennial Exposition for a combination of all the desirable qualities. They were also sole agents for the celebrated "commercial safety paper," for checks, notes, bills of exchange, bonds, letters of credit, and so on, which had been officially endorsed and recommended by the clearing-house authorities of the principal cities in the US.

Bradner Smith & Co. used the finest inks, which were known for their brilliancy of color and durability. They also carried a full line of all colors, sizes, and styles of envelopes, and made odd sizes to order. All kinds of fancy stationery and stationers' sundries were kept in stock, and also a full line of illustrated advertising cards, manufactured by Marques, Gair & Bailey, of Paris, London, and New York City.

* This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Inter Ocean Publishing Company's *Chicago's First Half Century, 1833-1883: The City as it was Fifty Years Ago, and as it is Today : the Trade, Commerce, Manufactories, Railroads, Banks, Wholesale and Retail Houses, Theaters, Hotels, Churches, and School* (1883)

## Bibliography


title: Boxford Chalk Pit

abstract: Boxford Chalk Pit is a 0.4-hectare (0.99-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Boxford in Berkshire. It is a Geological Conservation Review site. This site has a unique succession of tilted beds dating to the Upper Cretaceous, between the late Coniacian and the Santonian, from around 87 to 84 million years ago. The beds are overlain by chalk which contains fractured and folded pieces of hardground, which are interpreted as evidence of localised tectonism unknown in the rest of Britain in this period. There are also coprolites and many tiny fish teeth.

text:
# Boxford Chalk Pit

**Boxford Chalk Pit** is a 0.4-hectare (0.99-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Boxford in Berkshire. It is a Geological Conservation Review site.

This site has a unique succession of tilted beds dating to the Upper Cretaceous, between the late Coniacian and the Santonian, from around 87 to 84 million years ago. The beds are overlain by chalk which contains fractured and folded pieces of hardground, which are interpreted as evidence of localised tectonism unknown in the rest of Britain in this period. There are also coprolites and many tiny fish teeth.

## InfoBox

Boxford Chalk Pit
| Site of Special Scientific Interest | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location within Berkshire | |
| Location | Berkshire |
| Grid reference | SU 430 719 |
| Coordinates | 51°26′38″N 1°22′59″W / 51.444°N 1.383°W / 51.444; -1.383 |
| Interest | Geological |
| Area | 0.4 hectares (0.99 acres) |
| Notification | 1993 |
| Location map | *Magic Map* |


title: Boxford Lathe

abstract: Boxford Lathe was a brand of lathes produced by Denford Machine Tools from 1946 until 1952. The original factory was in Box Tree Mills, Wheatley, Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. Denford Machine Tools also produced other metalworking tools including precision measuring tools such as an optical comparator. The lathes and other tools were marketed under the name "Box-Ford". The name appears to be a portmanteau of "Box Tree Mills" and the founder's surname, "Denford". In 1952, the founder, Horace Denford, sold the company with Boxfords continuing at Halifax and Denfords in Brighouse. In December 2011, Boxford Lathes moved from its original home at Box Tree Mills in Halifax to a custom-built new factory in Elland. As of Autumn 2018, Boxfords are due to relocate their factory, although where is not yet public knowledge, but their current building is now up for sale.

text:
# Boxford Lathe

**Boxford Lathe** was a brand of lathes produced by Denford Machine Tools from 1946 until 1952. The original factory was in Box Tree Mills, Wheatley, Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. Denford Machine Tools also produced other metalworking tools including precision measuring tools such as an optical comparator. The lathes and other tools were marketed under the name "Box-Ford". The name appears to be a portmanteau of "**Box** Tree Mills" and the founder's surname, "Den**ford**". In 1952, the founder, Horace Denford, sold the company with Boxfords continuing at Halifax (initially under the ownership of **T.S.Harrison** and later independently owned) and Denfords in Brighouse.

In December 2011, Boxford Lathes moved from its original home at Box Tree Mills in Halifax to a custom-built new factory in Elland.

As of Autumn 2018, Boxfords are due to relocate their factory, although where is not yet public knowledge, but their current building is now up for sale.

## Boxford Lathe models

| Model | Swing | Centre distance | Screw cutting | Cross-feed | Production |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| A and AUD | 9 inch | 16 to 24 inch | Gearbox | Power | 1946–1977 |
| B and BUD | 9 inch | 16 to 24 inch | Manual | Power | 1948–1977 |
| C and CUD | 9 inch | 16 to 24 inch | Manual | Manual | 1950–1977 |
| T and TUD | 9 inch | 16 to 24 inch | None | Manual | 1950–1960 |
| VSL | 9 or 10 inch | 16 to 30 inch | Gearbox | Power | 1966–1988 |
| ME10 and ME10A | 10 inch | 22 to 32 inch | Manual or Gearbox | Power | 1976–1988 |

The model A had an optional inch or metric screw-cutting gearbox and power cross-feed. The addition of the letters, "UD" to the model letter signifies "Under Drive". Model AUD is a Model A with the Under Drive mount. The four lathes (A, B, C, and T) were dimensionally identical but with different features. Model A was the top of the line with the screw-cutting gearbox. Model B was next with power cross feed and manual gear change for screw cutting. Model C had manual cross-feed and manual gear change for screw cutting. Model T was the Training lathe. The VSL (for late machines, VSL500) was an AUD with infinitely-variable spindle speed control, larger bore through spindle, 'L00' fitting for chucks instead of the threaded fitting of the other models and some other uprated features making it more attractive to industry. The lathes were based on the design of the very successful American South Bend Lathe models.


title: Stephen G. Burns

abstract: Stephen G. Burns is an American lawyer and former chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

text:
# Stephen G. Burns

**Stephen G. Burns** is an American lawyer and former chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

## Education and career

Burns received a bachelor's degree in 1975 from Colgate University in Hamilton, New York. He received his J.D. degree with honors in 1978 from George Washington University in Washington, D.C., where he was an editor on the *George Washington Law Review*.

Burns joined the NRC as an attorney in 1978. He served as Deputy General Counsel starting in 1998 then served as General Counsel from May 2009 until April 2012. He left the NRC to serve as Head of Legal Affairs of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in Paris from April 2012, until he rejoined the NRC in November 2014 with a term which ended on April 30, 2019. He served as the 16th chairman of NRC from January 2014 to January 2017. He was appointed as the chair of the IAEA’s International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group in May 2022.

1. "Trump to nominate three to nuclear commission". 22 May 2017.
2. "Stephen G. Burns: Executive Profile & Biography - Bloomberg". *www.bloomberg.com*. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
3. "Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission: Who Is Stephen Burns?". *AllGov*. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
4. "Stephen Burns". *Center on Global Energy Policy at Columbia University SIPA | CGEP*. Retrieved 2024-09-06.

## InfoBox

| Stephen G. Burns | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission | |
| **In office**
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| President | Barack Obama |
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| Succeeded by | Kristine Svinicki |
| Commissioner of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission | |
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Donald Trump |
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George Washington University |
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title: Rough and Ready (1918 film)

abstract: Rough and Ready is a 1918 American silent Western film directed by Richard Stanton and produced and distributed by the Fox Film Corporation. It stars stage actor and western hero William Farnum. The picture was filmed in the Adirondack Mountains in western New York state. It is a lost film.

text:
# Rough and Ready (1918 film)

***Rough and Ready*** is a 1918 American silent Western film directed by Richard Stanton and produced and distributed by the Fox Film Corporation. It stars stage actor and western hero William Farnum. The picture was filmed in the Adirondack Mountains in western New York state. It is a lost film.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine, Evelyn Durant (Palmer) finds her lover in what she believes is a compromising situation and breaks their engagement. Bill Stratton (Farnum) leaves for the Yukon. He becomes a close friend of a tired, little old miner who turns out to be Matthew Durant (Higgens), Evelyn's father. Evelyn comes to visit her father and, though Bill tries to get her to her father, she resents his efforts and takes the offer of assistance of Jack Belmont (Ethier). She learns the true character of Belmont when he attempts to force his attentions on her. After a terrific battle with Belmont and many hardships, Bill finally succeeds in bringing daughter and father together and in winning her forgiveness.

## Cast

## Reception

Like many American films of the time, *Rough and Ready* was subject to cuts by city and state film censorship boards. For example, the Chicago Board of Censors cut, in Reel 2, two intertitles "That's the toughest proposition — booze, gambling and females" and "Cheechaka, a blot even among its neighbors, where men fight for possession of those creatures who were once women", eight tough dance hall scenes (to include women at bar), five gambling scenes including one closeup, closeup of woman with breast exposed, Reel 3, three views of gambler threatening man with gun, two scenes of young women at bar, second choking scene, slugging scene, Reel 5, three intertitles "you beast", "We'll cut the cards to see who gets her", and "How dare you breath that name", cutting the cards for the young woman, Reel 6, two intertitles "I was a fool to play square with Stratton" and "Silver Jack has her in my room", giving key to man, man locking door, five struggle scenes and chase of young woman, six fight scenes of men on floor where they tear at mouths and hair, giving man dagger in fight, biting man's arm, seven other fight scenes, two scenes of dead man leaning on Stratton, all but one scene of Stratton looking at dead man with dagger in chest, closeup of young woman with low-cut gown, two scenes of women in balcony looking at fight, four near scenes of Stratton with woman in background wearing low-cut gown, and six closeups of fight between men showing undue brutality.

## InfoBox

| Rough and Ready | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Richard Stanton |
| Written by | Edward Sedgwick
Richard Stanton |
| Produced by | William Fox |
| Starring | William Farnum |
| Distributed by | Fox Film Corporation |
| Release date | * March 24, 1918 (1918-03-24) |
| Running time | 60 minutes (6 reels) |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Silent
English intertitles |