title: Culture of the Marshall Islands

text:
# Culture of the Marshall Islands

The culture of the Marshall Islands forms part of the wider culture of Micronesia. It is marked by pre-Western contact and the impact of that contact on its people afterward. The Marshall Islands were relatively isolated. Inhabitants developed skilled navigators, able to navigate by the currents to other atolls. Prior to close contact with Westerners, children went naked and men and women were topless, wearing only skirts made of mats of native materials.

The land was and still remains the most important measure of a family's wealth. Land is inherited through the maternal line.

Since the arrival of Christian missionaries, the culture has shifted from a subsistence-based economy towards a more westernized economy and standard.

The people can be described as friendly and peaceful. Strangers are relatively received warmly. Consideration for others is important to the Marshallese people. Family and community are important. Concern for others is an outgrowth of their dependence on one another. They have lived for centuries on isolated coral atolls and islands. Relatives including grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins and far-flung relatives are all considered close family. The strong family ties contribute to close-knit communities rooted in the values of caring, kindness and respect. One of the most significant family events is a child's first birthday.

The island culture was heavily impacted by the fight for Kwajalein Atoll during World War II and the United States nuclear testing program on Bikini Atoll from 1946 and 1958. Former residents and their descendants who were ousted after World War II receive compensation from the U.S. government. This dependence on aid has shifted residents' loyalty away from traditional chiefs. The island culture is heavily influenced today by the presence of about 2000 foreign personnel on the Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site, which includes rocket launch, test, and support facilities on eleven islands of the Kwajalein Atoll, along with Wake Island and Aur Atoll.

## Pre-western culture

The Marshallese were once skilled navigators, able to sail long distances aboard the two-hulled proa between the atolls using the stars and stick and shell charts. They hold annual competitions sailing their proa, a ship made of teak panels tied together with rope made of palm and sealed with palm rope. The sail was anciently woven from palm fronds. The islanders were relatively isolated and had developed a well-integrated society bound by close extended family association and tradition. Men and women wore only skirts made of native materials woven into mats. Children were generally naked.

## Modern culture

The modern culture of the islanders is heavily influenced by Western Christian missionaries who began arriving in the late 19th century. The economic activity of some Marshallese from the Bikini Islanders has been changed by their growing dependence on payments made by the U.S. government.

### Clothing and dress

The men wore a fringe skirt of native materials about 25 to 30 inches (60 to 80 cm) long. Women traditionally wore two mats about a yard (metre) square each, made by weaving pandanus and hibiscus leaves together, and belted around the waist. Children were usually naked.

The missionaries influenced the islanders' notions of modesty. In 1919, a visitor reported that Marshall Islands women "are perfect models of prudery. Not one would think of exposing her ankles..." Every lagoon was led by a king and queen and a following of chieftains and chief women who comprised a ruling caste. Some of the leaders maintained Western-style bungalows and maintained servants, including secretaries, maids, and valets.

Poverty was non-existent. The islanders worked the copra plantations under the watchful eye of the Japanese, who took a portion of the sales. Chiefs could retain as much as US$20,000 per year. The remainder was distributed to the workers. They took pride in extending hospitality to one another, even distant relatives.

Women in the Marshall Islands today are still very modest. They believe a woman's thighs should be covered. Women generally wear cotton muʻumuʻus or similar clothing that covers most of the body. While personal health is never discussed except within the family, and although women are especially private about female-related health issues, they are willing to talk about their breasts.

Marshall island women swim in muʻumuʻus which are made of a fine polyester that quickly dries. In the capital of Majuro, revealing cocktail dresses are inappropriate for both islanders and guests. With the increasing influence of Western media, the younger generation may wear shorts, though the older generation equates shorts with loose morals. T-shirts, jeans, skirts, and makeup are making their way via the media to the islands.

### Income

Before the advent of Western influence, the islanders' sustenance-based lifestyle was based on cultivating native plants and eating shellfish and fish. Payments made in the 20th century to descendants of Bikini Island residents as reparations for damage to the Bikini Atoll and the islanders' way of life have elevated their income relative to other Marshall Island residents. It has caused some Bikini islanders to become economically dependent on the payments from the trust fund. This dependency has eroded individual's interest in traditional economic pursuits like taro and copra production. The move also altered traditional patterns of social alliance and political organization. On Bikini, rights to land and land ownership were the major factor in social and political organization and leadership. After relocation and settlement on Kili, a dual system of land tenure evolved. Disbursements from the trust fund was based in part to land ownership on Bikini and based on current land tenure on Kili.

### Land-based wealth

The Marshallese society is matrilineal and land is passed down from generation to generation through the mother. Land ownership ties families together into clans. Grandparents, parents, grandchildren, aunts, uncles, and cousins form extended, close-knit family groups. The islanders continue to maintain land rights as the primary measure of wealth.

> To all Marshallese, land is gold. If you were an owner of land, you would be held up as a very important figure in our society. Without land you would be viewed as a person of no consequence... But land here on Bikini is now poison land.

### Clan-based society

Marshallese social classes included distinct chiefs and commoners. The *irooj laplap* held the most power and were considered almost sacred or godly. To show respect, others stooped and approached on their knees. They always obeyed the orders of their high chief. The irooj laplap received the best food, could choose the best land, and had as many wives as they wanted. In return, they were responsible for leading the people in community work, on sailing expeditions, and in war. Their power was normally limited to one part or the whole of one atoll. A high chief who waged war successfully could conquer and control several atolls. The irooj laplap were followed by the irooj rik, the lesser chiefs, and finally the kajur, or commoner.

Each family is part of a clan (*Bwij*), which owns all land. The clan owes allegiance to a chief (*Iroij*). The chiefs oversee the clan heads (*Alap*), who are supported by laborers (*Rijerbal*). The Iroij control land tenure, resource use and distribution, and settle disputes. The Alap supervise land maintenance and daily activities. The Rijerbal work the land including farming, cleaning, and construction.

The Marshallese society is matrilineal and land is passed down from generation to generation through the mother. Land ownership ties families together into clans, and grandparents, parents, grandchildren, aunts, uncles, and cousins form extended, close-knit family groups, and gatherings tend to become big events. One of the most significant family events is the first birthday of a child {*kemem*}, where relatives and friends celebrate with feasts and song.

Before the residents were relocated, they were led by a local chief and under the nominal control of the Paramount Chief of the Marshall Islands. Afterward, they had greater interaction with representatives of the trust fund and the U.S. government and began to look to them for support.

### Language

Both Marshallese and English are the official languages of the Marshall Islands. Most Marshallese speak both the Marshallese language and at least some English. Government agencies use Marshallese. One important word in Marshallese is "yokwe" which is similar to the Hawaiian "aloha" and means "hello", "goodbye" and "love".

### Food

Marshallese food that is eaten today can be dated back to the establishment of the actual culture. A staple food of the Marshallese culture is rice. The intake of rice was most likely influenced by the Korean. The Marshallese eat meats like pork, fish, shellfish, chicken. Considering that it is an island there is no beef unless shipped frozen. With the many coconut trees on the island, coconuts would be a staple food as well.

As far as preparing the food, usually the women prepare all the sides and men prepare the meat. When serving food at events it is important on how you serve it and who you serve in order. The first to receive food should be the Pastor in a respectful manner. After the Pastor is served, if it is a birthday, then the parents of the child and the child shall receive food next. Then the grandparents and so on and so forth.

Unlike most other countries, the Marshall Islands have no copyright law.


title: Sabicea

abstract:
Sabicea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are known commonly as the woodvines. The type species is Sabicea cinerea. There are about 145 species. Most are distributed in tropical Africa and South America. Species include:
  - Sabicea batesii
  - Sabicea cinerea Aubl. – largeflower woodvine
  - Sabicea medusula
  - Sabicea pedicellata
  - Sabicea pyramidalis L. Andersson
  - Sabicea stenantha K.Krause
  - Sabicea villosa Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. – woolly woodvine
  - Sabicea xanthotricha Wernham

text:
# Sabicea

***Sabicea*** is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are known commonly as the **woodvines**. The type species is *Sabicea cinerea*. There are about 145 species. Most are distributed in tropical Africa and South America.

Species include:

## Further reading

* Data related to Rubiaceae at Wikispecies
* Data related to Sabicea at Wikispecies
* Media related to Sabicea at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| *Sabicea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Sabicea panamensis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Rubiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Ixoroideae |
| Tribe: | Sabiceeae |
| Genus: | *Sabicea*
Aubl. |
|
| Species | |
| list *Sabicea acuminata* Baker
*Sabicea amazonensis* Wernham
*Sabicea amomii* Wernham
*Sabicea angustifolia* Boivin ex Wernham
*Sabicea apocynacea* (K.Schum.) Razafim., B.Bremer, Liede & Saleh A.Khan
*Sabicea arborea* K.Schum.
*Sabicea aristeguietae* Steyerm.
*Sabicea aspera* Aubl.
*Sabicea asperula* (Ball) Wernham
*Sabicea aurifodinae* (N.Hallé) Razafim., B.Bremer, Liede & Saleh A.Khan
*Sabicea bariensis* Steyerm.
*Sabicea batesii* Wernham
*Sabicea becquetii* (N.Hallé) Razafim., B.Bremer, Liede & Saleh A.Khan
*Sabicea bequaertii* De Wild.
*Sabicea bigerrica* N.Hallé
*Sabicea boliviensis* Wernham
*Sabicea brachiata* Wernham
*Sabicea brachycalyx* Steyerm.
*Sabicea bracteolata* Wernham
*Sabicea brasiliensis* Wernham
*Sabicea brevipes* Wernham
*Sabicea bullata* Zemagho, O.Lachenaud & Sonké
*Sabicea burchellii* Wernham
*Sabicea calophylla* Aspl.
*Sabicea calycina* Benth.
*Sabicea cameroonensis* Wernham
*Sabicea caminata* N.Hallé
*Sabicea camporum* Sprague
*Sabicea cana* Hook.f.
*Sabicea capitellata* Benth.
*Sabicea carbunica* N.Hallé
*Sabicea cauliflora* Hiern
*Sabicea ceylanica* Puff
*Sabicea chocoana* C.M.Taylor
*Sabicea cinerea* Aubl.
*Sabicea composita* Wernham
*Sabicea congensis* Wernham
*Sabicea cordata* Hutch. & Dalziel
*Sabicea cruciata* Wernham
*Sabicea crystallina* (N.Hallé) Zemagho, O.Lachenaud & Sonké
*Sabicea cuneata* Rusby
*Sabicea dewevrei* De Wild. & T.Durand
*Sabicea dewildemaniana* Wernham
*Sabicea dinklagei* K.Schum.
*Sabicea discolor* Stapf
*Sabicea diversifolia* Pers.
*Sabicea dubia* Wernham
*Sabicea duparquetiana* Baill. ex Wernham
*Sabicea entebbensis* Wernham
*Sabicea erecta* Rusby
*Sabicea exellii* G.Taylor
*Sabicea ferruginea* (G.Don) Benth.
*Sabicea flagenioides* Wernham
*Sabicea floribunda* K.Schum.
*Sabicea fulva* Wernham
*Sabicea fulvovenosa* R.D.Good
*Sabicea gabonica* (Hiern) Hepper
*Sabicea geantha* Hiern
*Sabicea geophiloides* Wernham
*Sabicea gigantostipula* K.Schum.
*Sabicea gilletii* De Wild.
*Sabicea glabrescens* Benth.
*Sabicea globifera* Hutch. & Dalziel
*Sabicea golgothae* O.Lachenaud & Zemagho
*Sabicea goossensii* De Wild.
*Sabicea gracilis* Wernham
*Sabicea grandifolia* Steyerm.
*Sabicea grisea* Cham. & Schltdl.
*Sabicea harleyae* Hepper
*Sabicea hierniana* Wernham
*Sabicea hirta* Sw.
*Sabicea humilis* S.Moore
*Sabicea ingrata* K.Schum.
*Sabicea jacfelicis* (N.Hallé) Zemagho, O.Lachenaud & Sonké
*Sabicea johnstonii* K.Schum. ex Wernham
*Sabicea klugii* Standl.
*Sabicea lanata* Hepper
*Sabicea lanuginosa* Wernham
*Sabicea laxa* Wernham
*Sabicea leucocarpa* (K.Krause) Mildbr.
*Sabicea liberica* Wernham
*Sabicea liesneri* Steyerm.
*Sabicea longepetiolata* De Wild.
*Sabicea loxothyrsus* K.Schum. & Dinkl. ex Stapf
*Sabicea mabouniensis* O.Lachenaud & Zemagho
*Sabicea mapiana* Zemagho, O.Lachenaud & Sonké
*Sabicea marojejyensis* Razafim. & J.S.Mill.
*Sabicea mattogrossensis* Wernham
*Sabicea medusula* K.Schum. ex Wernham
*Sabicea mexicana* Wernham
*Sabicea mildbraedii* Wernham
*Sabicea mollis* K.Schum. ex Wernham
*Sabicea mollissima* Benth. ex Wernham
*Sabicea morillorum* Steyerm.
*Sabicea mortehanii* De Wild.
*Sabicea multibracteata* J.B.Hall
*Sabicea najatrix* N.Hallé
*Sabicea ndjoleensis* Zemagho, O.Lachenaud & Sonké
*Sabicea nobilis* R.D.Good
*Sabicea novogranatensis* K.Schum.
*Sabicea oblongifolia* (Miq.) Steyerm.
*Sabicea orientalis* Wernham
*Sabicea panamensis* Wernham
*Sabicea parmentierae* Zemagho, O.Lachenaud & Sonké
*Sabicea parva* Wernham
*Sabicea parviflora* K.Schum. ex Wernham
*Sabicea pearcei* Wernham
*Sabicea pedicellata* Wernham
*Sabicea pilosa* Hiern
*Sabicea proselyta* (N.Hallé) Razafim., B.Bremer, Liede & Saleh A.Khan
*Sabicea pseudocapitellata* Wernham
*Sabicea purpurea* A.Rich.
*Sabicea pyramidalis* L.Andersson
*Sabicea romboutsii* Bremek.
*Sabicea rosea* Hoyle
*Sabicea rufa* Wernham
*Sabicea sanguinosa* (N.Hallé) Razafim., B.Bremer, Liede & Saleh A.Khan
*Sabicea schaeferi* Wernham
*Sabicea schumanniana* Büttner
*Sabicea sciaphilantha* Zemagho, O.Lachenaud & Sonké
*Sabicea segregata* Hiern
*Sabicea setiloba* Wernham
*Sabicea seua* Wernham
*Sabicea smithii* Wernham
*Sabicea solitaria* J.B.Hall
*Sabicea speciosa* K.Schum.
*Sabicea stellaris* Dwyer
*Sabicea sthenula* (N.Hallé) Razafim., B.Bremer, Liede & Saleh A.Khan
*Sabicea stipularioides* Wernham
*Sabicea subinvolucrata* Wernham
*Sabicea surinamensis* Bremek.
*Sabicea talbotii* Wernham
*Sabicea tchapensis* K.Krause
*Sabicea tersifolia* (N.Hallé) Zemagho, O.Lachenaud & Sonké
*Sabicea thomensis* Joffroy
*Sabicea thyrsiflora* L.Andersson
*Sabicea tillettii* Steyerm.
*Sabicea tomentosa* A.Rich.
*Sabicea trailii* Wernham
*Sabicea trianae* Wernham
*Sabicea trigemina* K.Schum.
*Sabicea umbellata* (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.
*Sabicea urbaniana* Wernham
*Sabicea urceolata* Hepper
*Sabicea urniformis* Zemagho, O.Lachenaud & Sonké
*Sabicea velutina* Benth.
*Sabicea venezuelensis* Steyerm.
*Sabicea venosa* Benth.
*Sabicea verticillata* Wernham
*Sabicea villosa* Willd. ex Schult.
*Sabicea vogelii* Benth.
*Sabicea xanthotricha* Wernham
 | |


title: Calicium victorianum

abstract: Calicium victorianum is a crustose lichen that is found growing on trees and wooden materials. It has a greyish white almost inconspicuous thallus with a thin crust that is usually immersed and around 0.2 millimetres (0.0079 in) thick. It is found mostly in the southern hemisphere in the South West region of Western Australia and Queensland in eastern Australia. It is also found in New Zealand and is known from a single population in England.

text:
# Calicium victorianum

***Calicium victorianum*** is a crustose lichen that is found growing on trees and wooden materials.

It has a greyish white almost inconspicuous thallus with a thin crust that is usually immersed and around 0.2 millimetres (0.0079 in) thick.

It is found mostly in the southern hemisphere in the South West region of Western Australia and Queensland in eastern Australia. It is also found in New Zealand and is known from a single population in England.

## InfoBox

| *Calicium victorianum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Caliciales |
| Family: | Caliciaceae |
| Genus: | *Calicium* |
| Species: | ***C. victorianum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Calicium victorianum***<br>(F.Wilson) Tibell | |
|


title: Dave Diehl

abstract: David Douglas Diehl was an American football player. He played college football for Michigan State College. He also played professional football in the National Football League for the Detroit Lions from 1939 to 1940 and 1944 to 1945. He also served as the Michigan State Spartans' ends coach in 1941. In 1944, he ranked third in the NFL with 426 receiving yards and led the league with an average of 23.7 yards per reception.

text:
# Dave Diehl

**David Douglas Diehl** (September 30, 1918 – September 15, 1994) was an American football player. He played college football for Michigan State College (later known as Michigan State University). He also played professional football in the National Football League for the Detroit Lions from 1939 to 1940 and 1944 to 1945. He also served as the Michigan State Spartans' ends coach in 1941. In 1944, he ranked third in the NFL with 426 receiving yards and led the league with an average of 23.7 yards per reception.

## InfoBox

Dave Diehl
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born: | September 30, 1918
Dansville, Michigan |
| Died: | September 15, 1994 (age 75)
Lansing, Michigan |
| Height: | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) |
| Weight: | 195 lb (88 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Dansville (MI) |
| College: | Michigan State University |
| Position: | End |
| Career history | |
| Detroit Lions (1939–1940, 1944–1945) | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Seringia velutina

abstract: Seringia velutina, commonly known as velvet firebush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae family and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a suckering shrub that sometimes forms dense colonies. Its leaves are narrowly elliptic to egg-shaped and it has 3 to 11 pale pink to purple flowers arranged in loose cymes.

text:
# Seringia velutina

***Seringia velutina***, commonly known as **velvet firebush**, is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae family and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a suckering shrub that sometimes forms dense colonies. Its leaves are narrowly elliptic to egg-shaped and it has 3 to 11 pale pink to purple flowers arranged in loose cymes.

## Description

*Seringia velutina* is a suckering shrub that typically grows to a height of 1–3 m (3 ft 3 in – 9 ft 10 in), about 0.5–1 m (1 ft 8 in – 3 ft 3 in) wide, and that sometimes forms dense colonies. Its young branches are covered in thick cream- or rust-coloured, star-shaped hairs. The leaves are narrowly oblong to egg-shaped, 5–35 mm (0.20–1.38 in) long and 3–8 mm (0.12–0.31 in) wide on a petiole 1–5 mm (0.039–0.197 in) long with stipules 1–4 mm (0.039–0.157 in) long at the base. The upper surface of the leaves is covered with pale, star-shaped and the lower surface is also sometimes covered with glandular hairs. The flowers are arranged in a cyme with 3 to 11 flowers on a peduncle 2–8 mm (0.079–0.315 in) long, each flower on a pedicel 4–12 mm (0.16–0.47 in) long. The flowers are 25 mm (0.98 in) wide and pale pink to purple petal-like sepals joined at the base and deeply lobed. Petals are absent and the stamens have yellow filaments, alternating with tiny staminodes. Flowering occurs in most months.

## Taxonomy

This species was first described in 1846 by Joachim Steetz who gave it the name *Keraudrenia velutina* in Leeman's *Plantae Preissianae* but was moved to the genus *Seringia* as *S. velutina* by Ferdinand von Mueller in 1860.

## Distribution and habitat

*Seringia velutina* is widespread and common between Kalbarri, Ravensthorpe and inland to the Great Victoria Desert on rocky outcrops, plains and along roadsides in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Esperance Plains, Geraldton Sandplains, Great Victoria Desert, Jarrah Forest, Mallee, Murchison and Yalgoo bioregions of Western Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Seringia velutina* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Malvaceae |
| Genus: | *Seringia* |
| Species: | ***S. velutina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Seringia velutina***<br>(Steetz) F.Muell. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Keraudrenia integrifolia* var. *velutina* (Steetz) Benth. * *Keraudrenia velutina* Steetz * *Seringea grandiflora* F.Muell. orth. var. * *Seringia grandiflora* F.Muell. * *Keraudrenia integrifolia* auct. non Steud.: Grieve, B.J. (1998) | |


abstract: The 2013 Saint Francis Cougars football team represented the University of Saint Francis, located in Fort Wayne, Indiana, in the 2013 NAIA football season. They were led by head coach Kevin Donley, who served his 16th year as the first and only head coach in the history of Saint Francis football. The Cougars played their home games at Bishop John D'Arcy Stadium and were members of the Mid-States Football Association (MSFA) Mideast League (MEL). The Cougars finished 1st in the MSFA MEL division and received an automatic bid to participate in the postseason NAIA playoffs.

text:
# 2013 Saint Francis Cougars football team

2013 Mid-States Football Association standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team |  | W |  | L |  |  |  |  | W |  | L |  |
| Mideast League | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| No. 6 St. Francis (IN) x^ |  | 5 |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 9 |  | 3 |  |
| No. 21 St. Francis (IL) |  | 4 |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 7 |  | 4 |  |
| Marian (IN) |  | 4 |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  | 5 |  |
| Robert Morris (IL) |  | 3 |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 7 |  | 4 |  |
| Taylor |  | 3 |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 5 |  | 5 |  |
| Siena Heights |  | 2 |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 5 |  | 5 |  |
| Concordia (MI) |  | 0 |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 9 |  |
| Midwest League | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| No. 1 Grand View x^ |  | 6 |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 14 |  | 0 |  |
| No. 16 St. Ambrose ^ |  | 5 |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 7 |  | 4 |  |
| No. 18 Saint Xavier |  | 4 |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 7 |  | 4 |  |
| William Penn |  | 3 |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 5 |  | 6 |  |
| Trinity International |  | 2 |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 5 |  | 5 |  |
| Olivet Nazarene |  | 1 |  | 5 |  |  |  |  | 3 |  | 8 |  |
| Waldorf |  | 0 |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 10 |  |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * x – League champion/co-champions
^ – NAIA playoff participant Rankings from NAIA Coaches' Poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **2013 Saint Francis Cougars football team** represented the University of Saint Francis, located in Fort Wayne, Indiana, in the 2013 NAIA football season. They were led by head coach Kevin Donley, who served his 16th year as the first and only head coach in the history of Saint Francis football. The Cougars played their home games at Bishop John D'Arcy Stadium and were members of the Mid-States Football Association (MSFA) Mideast League (MEL). The Cougars finished 1st in the MSFA MEL division and received an automatic bid to participate in the postseason NAIA playoffs.

## Schedule

(9–3 overall, 5–1 conference)

| Date | Time | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 14 | 2:00pm | at No. 16 William Penn (IA)* | No. 5 | Oskaloosa, IA | W 31–13 |
| September 21 | 7:00pm | No. 7 St. Ambrose (IA)* | No. 2 | * Bishop D'Arcy Stadium * Fort Wayne, IN | W 38–37 |
| September 28 | 2:00pm | at No. 7 Grand View (IA)* | No. 2 | Des Moines, IA | L 7–23 |
| October 5 | 1:00pm | at No. 25 Siena Heights (MI) | No. 6 | Adrian, MI | W 28–17 |
| October 12 | 7:00pm | No. 10 Saint Xavier (IL)* | No. 4 | * Bishop D'Arcy Stadium * Fort Wayne, IN | W 45–20 |
| October 19 | 5:00pm | at No. 20 St. Francis (IL) | No. 4 | Joliet, IL | W 37–28 |
| October 26 | 12:00pm | Robert Morris (IL) | No. 4 | * Bishop D'Arcy Stadium * Fort Wayne, IN | L 24–28 |
| November 2 | 12:00pm | Concordia (MI) | No. 10 | * Bishop D'Arcy Stadium * Fort Wayne, IN | W 54–0 |
| November 9 | 1:00pm | at Taylor (IN) | No. 8 | Upland, IN | W 20–12 |
| November 16 | 12:00pm | Marian (IN) | No. 6 | * Bishop D'Arcy Stadium * Fort Wayne, IN | W 41–24 |
| November 23 | 12:00pm | No. 9 Faulkner (AL)* | No. 6 | * Bishop D'Arcy Stadium * Fort Wayne, IN (NAIA First Round) | W 20–13 |
| November 30 | 12:00pm | at No. 1 Cumberlands (KY)* | No. 6 | Williamsburg, KY (NAIA Quarterfinal) | L 14–28 |
|  | | | | | |

## Game summaries

9/14/2013 - The Cougars opened the season against a formidable opponent in William Penn. The week prior, the Statesmen had opened their season with a convincing victory over then 9th-ranked Bethel (TN). The lack of a poll after that week kept the Statesmen from a higher national ranking. This game was tied 10–10 at the half. But USF took control in the second half, aided by a game-ending injury to the Statesmen's starting quarterback. The Cougars scored the last 21 points in the game. For their effort on the week, the Cougars were elevated to #2 in the NAIA Coaches Poll.

9/21/2013 - The Cougars home opener was against St. Ambrose, a tough 7th-ranked team that gave the Cougars a 1-point loss last season. The game's outcome wasn't certain until all time had expired from the clock. After scoring a late 4th quarter touchdown, the Bees had a chance to kick for 1 point to tie the score at 38–38. But the Bees opted instead to attempt a 2-point conversion. An incomplete pass denied the Bees the lead at that time. Later in the quarter, as time was running out, The Bees attempted a game-winning field goal. But the kick sailed wide as the clock struck :00, and Saint Francis came away with a 1-point victory of their own, 38–37. Next week, the Cougars return to the road to face their 3rd ranked opponent in 3 weeks when they visit #7 Grand View (IA).

9/28/2013 - The Cougars went on the road and fell to defeat against an impressive Grand View team, 23–7. For their win, Grand View improved to #4 in the national polls, while Saint Francis dropped 4 places to #6. The Cougars next opponent, Siena Heights (Mich.), entered the national polls for the first time, appearing at #25 in this week's rankings.

10/5/2013 - The Cougars went on the road to another tough ranked opponent. The Cougars trailed 17–14 at halftime. Under the leadership of quarterback David Yoder, who replaced an injured Josh Miller, the Cougars scored two touchdowns in the second half while holding Siena Heights scoreless to give them a 28–17 victory. This was their first conference win of the season.

## Ranking movements

Ranking movements
**Legend:** ██ Increase in ranking ██ Decrease in ranking
|  | Week | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Poll | Pre | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Final |
| NAIA Coaches' Poll | 5 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 6 |

## InfoBox

| 2013 Saint Francis Cougars football | |
| --- | --- |
| NAIA Quarterfinalist
MSFA (MEL) champion | |
| Conference | Mid-States Football Association |
| Division | Mideast League |
| Record | 9–3 (5–1 MSFA (MEL)) |
| Head coach |  |
| Offensive coordinator | Patrick Donley, Trevor Miller (10th, 8th season) |
| Defensive coordinator | Joey Didier, Eric Wagoner (4th, 6th season) |
| Home stadium | Bishop John M. D'Arcy Stadium |
|


title: Ramón Genaro Díaz Bessone

abstract: Ramón Genaro Díaz Bessone was an Argentinian military officer who served as Minister of Planning during the presidency of Jorge Rafael Videla between 1976 and 1977. In addition, he is known as the "theorist of the National Reorganization Process" due he was author of many books defending the dictatorship. He was one of the main figures of the Argentinian dictatorship as commander of an entire division of the Argentine Army. He was sentenced of crimes against humanity after the recuperation of the democracy in Argentina after 1983, but pardoned by President Carlos Menem in 1999. Nevertheless, the pardon was revoked in 2005 and several trials against him began. He was sentenced to life in prison in 2012 as reponsable of the direction of detention centers in Rosario. During a TV interview with the French journalist Marie-Monique Robin he confessed as a need to combat the guerrilla groups. He was born in Mendoza in 1925. During the National Reorganization Process he was the theoric developer of the developmentalism in contrast to the neo-liberal ideas of Videla's minister of Economy José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz. Also he was part of the sector known as "The Tough Ones" during the dictatorship known for their opposition to an opening with civil sectors.

text:
# Ramón Genaro Díaz Bessone

**Ramón Genaro Díaz Bessone** (27 October 1925 - 3 June 2017) was an Argentinian military officer who served as Minister of Planning during the presidency of Jorge Rafael Videla between 1976 and 1977. In addition, he is known as the "theorist of the National Reorganization Process" due he was author of many books defending the dictatorship. He was one of the main figures of the Argentinian dictatorship as commander of an entire division of the Argentine Army.

He was sentenced of crimes against humanity after the recuperation of the democracy in Argentina after 1983, but pardoned by President Carlos Menem in 1999. Nevertheless, the pardon was revoked in 2005 and several trials against him began. He was sentenced to life in prison in 2012 as reponsable of the direction of detention centers in Rosario. During a TV interview with the French journalist Marie-Monique Robin he confessed as a need to combat the guerrilla groups.

He was born in Mendoza in 1925. During the National Reorganization Process he was the theoric developer of the developmentalism in contrast to the neo-liberal ideas of Videla's minister of Economy José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz. Also he was part of the sector known as "The Tough Ones" during the dictatorship known for their opposition to an opening with civil sectors.


title: Cannero Riviera

abstract:
Cannero Riviera, is a comune with a population of 973 and an area of 14.46 square kilometres (5.58 sq mi)
in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region of Piedmont. The settlement is situated on the western shore of Lago Maggiore; it is about 130 kilometres (81 mi) northeast of Turin about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Verbania and a similar distance from the Italian-speaking, Swiss Canton known as the Ticino. Cannero Riviera borders the following municipalities: Aurano, Cannobio, Oggebbio, Trarego Viggiona; and across the lake in the Lombard Province of Varese: Brezzo di Bedero, Germignaga, Luino. The 19th-century politician Massimo D’Azeglio spent his last years in his villa here.

text:
# Cannero Riviera

**Cannero Riviera** (\[càn-ne-ro\]; in Western Lombard *Càner*), is a *comune* (an Italian municipality) with a population of 973 and an area of 14.46 square kilometres (5.58 sq mi) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region of Piedmont. The settlement is situated on the western shore of Lago Maggiore; it is about 130 kilometres (81 mi) northeast of Turin about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Verbania and a similar distance from the Italian-speaking, Swiss Canton known as the Ticino.

Cannero Riviera borders the following municipalities: Aurano, Cannobio, Oggebbio, Trarego Viggiona; and across the lake in the Lombard Province of Varese: Brezzo di Bedero, Germignaga, Luino.

The 19th-century politician Massimo D’Azeglio spent his last years in his villa here.

## Demographic evolution

### Minorities of foreign residents

```
ISTAT data recorded on January 1, 2011, show that there were 107 foreign residents, as follows:
```
* Most demographics and other statistics sourced from the Italian statistical institute Istat.

1. "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
2. "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.

## InfoBox

| Cannero Riviera | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Cannero Riviera | |
|  | |
| Location of Cannero Riviera | |
| Cannero RivieraLocation of Cannero Riviera in ItalyCannero RivieraCannero Riviera (Piedmont) | |
| Coordinates: 46°1′N 8°41′E / 46.017°N 8.683°E / 46.017; 8.683 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Piedmont |
| Province | Verbano-Cusio-Ossola (VCO) |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Federico Carmine
(elected 26/05/2014) (The Residents' Group) |
| Area | |
| Total | 14.46 km2 (5.58 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 212 m (696 ft) |
| Population (31 May 2011) | |
| Total | 973 |
| Density | 67/km2 (170/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Canneresi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 28821 |
| Dialing code | 0323 |
| Patron saint | Madonna del Carmine |
| Saint day | Second Monday of July |
| Website | Official website |
| outlying wards: Barbè, Donego, Cassino, Cheggio, Oggiogno, Piancassone, Ponte | |


title: Escape from Alcatraz (album)

abstract: Escape from Alcatraz is the third full-length solo studio album by American rapper Rasco. It was released on September 9, 2003 via Coup d'État. Production was handled by Brisk One, Jake One, Kleph Dollaz, Ammbush, Champ, Da Beatminerz, Omen, Richness and Samson S. It features guest appearances from Casual, Chali 2na, Kisha Griffin, Reks, Shake Da Mayor, and his Cali Agents partner Planet Asia.

text:
# Escape from Alcatraz (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *HipHopDX* | 6/10 |
| RapReviews | 7/10 |

***Escape from Alcatraz*** is the third full-length solo studio album by American rapper Rasco. It was released on September 9, 2003 via Coup d'État. Production was handled by Brisk One, Jake One, Kleph Dollaz, Ammbush, Champ, Da Beatminerz, Omen, Richness and Samson S. It features guest appearances from Casual, Chali 2na, Kisha Griffin, Reks, Shake Da Mayor, and his Cali Agents partner Planet Asia.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Intro" | Brisk One | 1:03 |
| 2. | "Get Free" (featuring Shake Da Mayor) | Brisk One | 3:56 |
| 3. | "U Got the Time" | Kleph Dollaz | 4:01 |
| 4. | "The Sweet Science" (featuring Chali 2na) | Jake One | 4:03 |
| 5. | "Put Your Hands Up" | Jake One | 3:53 |
| 6. | "Interlude" | Richness | 0:29 |
| 7. | "My Life" | Champ | 4:14 |
| 8. | "Making U Move" (featuring Reks) | Kleph Dollaz | 3:42 |
| 9. | "We Get Live" | Jake One | 3:48 |
| 10. | "San Fran to the Town" (featuring Casual) | * Jake One * Samson S | 4:01 |
| 11. | "Let's Get Down Tonight" | Brisk One | 3:34 |
| 12. | "Interlude" |  | 1:02 |
| 13. | "Snakes in the Grass (The Jon Sexton Story)" | Omen | 4:32 |
| 14. | "Endless" (performed by Cali Agents) | Brisk One | 4:23 |
| 15. | "Real Hot" | Da Beatminerz | 3:27 |
| 16. | "All I Wanna Be" (featuring Kisha Griffin) | Ammbush | 3:44 |
| Total length: | | | 53:52 |

## InfoBox

| Escape From Alcatraz | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Rasco | |
| Released | September 9, 2003 (2003-09-09) |
| Studio | Hyde St. Studios (San Francisco, CA) |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Length | 53:52 |
| Label | Coup d'État |
| Producer |  |
| Rasco chronology | |
| *Hostile Environment*
(2001) ***Escape From Alcatraz***
(2003) *The Dick Swanson Theory*
(2005) | |


title: Crozet, Virginia

abstract: Crozet is a census-designated place (CDP) in Albemarle County in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. It sits along the I-64 corridor, about 12 miles (19 km) west of Charlottesville and 21 miles (34 km) east of Staunton. Crozet is part of the Charlottesville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population of Crozet was 5,565 at the 2010 census. The Crozet Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

text:
# Crozet, Virginia

**Crozet** /ˌkrˈz/ is a census-designated place (CDP) in Albemarle County in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. It sits along the I-64 corridor, about 12 miles (19 km) west of Charlottesville and 21 miles (34 km) east of Staunton. Crozet is part of the Charlottesville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population of Crozet was 5,565 at the 2010 census.

The Crozet Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

## History

Originally called "Wayland's Crossing," it was renamed in 1870 in honor of Colonel Claudius Crozet, the French-born civil engineer who directed the construction of the Blue Ridge Tunnel. The cornerstone of Crozet is believed to have been Pleasant Green, a property also known as the Ficklin-Wayland Farm, located yards from the actual Wayland Crossing. Claudius Crozet is said to have lodged in that property while surveying the land that today honors his name.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 9.7 km2 (3.7 mi2), all land.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | 2,820 |  |  |
| 2010 | 5,565 |  | 97.3% |
| 2020 | 9,224 |  | 65.8% |
| U.S. Decennial Census
2010 2020 | | | |

As of the census of 2010, there were 5,565 people, 2,119 households, and 1,522 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,504.1 people per square mile (573.7/km2). There were 2,229 housing units at an average density of 602.4/sq mi (229.8/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 90.2% White, 4.1% African American, 0.1% Native American, 3.3% Asian, 0.6% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.1% of the population.

There were 2,119 households, out of which 40.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.7% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.2% were non-families. 23.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.15.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 29.8% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 88 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $68,608, and the median income for a family was $85,976. Males had a median income of $53,415 versus $41,292 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $32,266. About 4.6% of families and 7.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.2% of those under age 18 and 14.4% of those age 65 or over.

## Economy

Historically, Crozet was strategically important as a depot and transportation hub for the local apple and peach growing industries. Morton Frozen Foods had its flagship manufacturing plant in Crozet from August 1, 1953, until the late 1990s. In 2000, the plant was closed by food packaging company ConAgra Foods, which owned the brand, laying off more than 600 employees. As of 2016, Musictoday, acquired in 2014 by San Francisco-based Delivery Agent Inc., an interactive entertainment-commerce firm, operates out of the building, as does Starr Hill Brewery, which moved from Charlottesville in 2006.

From 1990 to 2005, Crozet saw increasing housing development, in part because of nearby Charlottesville's reputation as a desirable location, but also because Albemarle County named Crozet as a designated growth area. Some 95% of the County remains designated as rural.

In 2001, the Albemarle County Board of Supervisors approved a framework dubbed the "Crozet Master Plan", developed by a local architect and regional planning firm, to regulate development patterns and provide a public forum for discussing the topic. The Master Plan allows the population of Crozet, then around 3,000, to quadruple to more than 12,000 by the 2020s. These numbers alarmed some long-time residents who are accustomed to the rural tranquility of Crozet; more than a thousand people petitioned the county to reduce the number of planned households. In 2006, a plan was approved to redevelop the old Barnes Lumber property, which encompasses much of the downtown section. In 2007, the population passed 7,000.

Around 2017, Piedmont Place, a complex of luxury apartments and various restaurants and shops, was built in downtown Crozet.

## Arts and culture

Festivals include the Crozet Arts and Crafts Festival. The Crozet Library originally located in a railway depot built in 1923 by the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway. A new library, the Crozet/Western Albemarle Library, is located here.

## Parks and recreation

Claudius Crozet Park is a 22-acre (89,000 m2) park which includes athletic fields, ball courts, playgrounds, a dog park, pool, and fitness center.

## Education

### Schools

Crozet is served by Western Albemarle High School, J. T. Henley Middle School, Brownsville Elementary School, Meriwether Lewis Elementary School, Murray Elementary School and Crozet Elementary School. All schools in Crozet are part of Albemarle County Public Schools.

## Media

The 2007 comedy film *Evan Almighty* (the sequel to *Bruce Almighty*) was partially filmed in Crozet. The ark seen in the movie, as well as the set for Evan's neighborhood, was constructed there. The film set was situated on a plot of land across from Western Albemarle High School, Old Trail, which later became a popular housing subdivision.

## Notable people

Author Rita Mae Brown has written a mystery series commonly called the 'Mrs. Murphy series' that takes place in Crozet.

Media related to Crozet, Virginia at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Crozet | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| The Bain House | |
| Location of the Crozet CDP within Albemarle county | |
| CrozetLocation in Virginia | |
| Coordinates: 38°4′12″N 78°42′6″W / 38.07000°N 78.70167°W / 38.07000; -78.70167 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Virginia |
| County | Albemarle County |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.7 sq mi (9.7 km2) |
| Land | 3.7 sq mi (9.7 km2) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 5,565 |
| Density | 1,500/sq mi (570/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (EST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| GNIS feature ID | 2389381 |


title: Brian DeMarco

abstract: Brian DeMarco is an American former professional football player who was an offensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Michigan State Spartans and was selected in the second round of the 1995 NFL draft by the Jacksonville Jaguars.

text:
# Brian DeMarco

**Brian DeMarco** (born April 9, 1972) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Michigan State Spartans and was selected in the second round of the 1995 NFL draft by the Jacksonville Jaguars.

## NFL career

After being drafted by the Jaguars, he was a starter for their inaugural season. Demarco played four seasons for the Jaguars. He signed a 3-year deal with the Cincinnati Bengals in 1999, but he retired after that season due to injuries.

## Post NFL

DeMarco's post-NFL plight was featured in a Men's Journal article entitled "Casualties of the NFL." It detailed devastating spinal damage DeMarco received while playing in the NFL, and continued playing with for sometime after. The piece received widespread praise from advocates who sought medical and financial help for disabled NFL retirees. DeMarco took painkillers to mask the pain so he could continue playing, causing further damage to his body.

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

Brian DeMarco
| No. 73 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Guard / Tackle |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1972-04-09) April 9, 1972<br>Berea, Ohio, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m) |
| Weight: | 323 lb (147 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Lorain (OH) King |
| College: | Michigan State |
| NFL draft: | 1995 / round: 2 / pick: 40 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Games Played: 63  Games Started: 46 | |
|  | |


title: Calolamia

abstract: Calolamia bicordifera is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, the only species in the genus Calolamia.

text:
# Calolamia

***Calolamia bicordifera*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, the only species in the genus ***Calolamia***.

## InfoBox

| *Calolamia bicordifera* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Subfamily: | Lamiinae |
| Genus: | ***Calolamia*** |
| Species: | ***C. bicordifera*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Calolamia bicordifera***<br>Tippmann, 1953 | |
|


# Powerlifting at the 2001 World Games – Men's lightweight

The men's lightweight competition in powerlifting at the 2001 World Games took place on 21 August 2001 at the Akita City Culture Hall in Akita, Japan.

## Competition format

A total of 11 athletes entered the competition. Each athlete had 3 attempts in each of 3 events: squat, bench press and deadlift. The athlete with the biggest score in Wilks points is the winner.

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Weight | Squat | Bench
press | Deadlift | Total weight | Total points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Alexey Sivokon | Kazakhstan | 67.5 | 305.0 | 217.5 **WR** | 290.0 | 812.5 | 626.438 |
|  | Konstantin Pavlov | Russia | 55.8 | 245.0 | 172.5 | 220.0 | 637.5 | 582.356 |
|  | Mikhail Andryukhin | Russia | 60.3 | 270.0 | 142.5 | 250.0 | 662.5 | 562.463 |
| 4 | Lu Shih-wu | Chinese Taipei | 55.5 | 247.5 | 115.0 | 240.0 | 602.5 | 553.336 |
| 5 | Shin Watanabe | Japan | 51.7 | 200.0 | 147.5 | 200.0 | 547.5 | 540.547 |
| 6 | Ervin Gainer | United States | 51.5 | 190.0 | 127.5 | 222.5 | 540.0 | 535.302 |
| 7 | Hsieh Tsung-ting | Chinese Taipei | 59.0 | 225.0 | 152.5 | 240.0 | 617.5 | 534.879 |
| 8 | Hideaki Inaba | Japan | 51.6 | 220.0 | 95.0 | 220.0 | 535.0 | 529.276 |
| 9 | Roy Brandtzæg | Norway | 58.1 | 235.0 | 130.0 | 220.0 | 585.0 | 514.040 |
| 10 | Gregory Simmons | United States | 67.4 | 235.0 | 155.0 | 247.5 | 637.5 | 492.086 |
| 11 | Justin Maile | United States | 67.3 | 235.0 | 137.5 | 237.5 | 610.0 | 471.469 |

## InfoBox

| Powerlifting men's lightweight
at the 2001 World Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Venue | Akita City Culture Hall, Akita, Japan |
| Date | 21 August 2001 |
| Competitors | 11 from 6 nations |
| Medalists | |
|  | |
|


title: Dave Diles Jr.

abstract: Dave Diles Jr. is the current athletic director at Lake Superior State University. A native of Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, Diles previously served as director of athletics at Eastern Michigan, St. Bonaventure, Case Western Reserve University, and the Virginia Military Institute. He was also an administrative assistant for the University of Michigan in the late 1980s. Diles was named VMI's eleventh athletic director in September 2013. He is the successor to Donny White, who had held that position since 1998. He has had over twenty years of college administrative experience. He is the son of the late sports broadcaster Dave Diles Sr.

text:
# Dave Diles Jr.

**Dave Diles Jr.** is the current athletic director at Lake Superior State University. A native of Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, Diles previously served as director of athletics at Eastern Michigan, St. Bonaventure, Case Western Reserve University, and the Virginia Military Institute. He was also an administrative assistant for the University of Michigan in the late 1980s.

Diles was named VMI's eleventh athletic director in September 2013. He is the successor to Donny White, who had held that position since 1998. He has had over twenty years of college administrative experience. He is the son of the late sports broadcaster Dave Diles Sr.

## Personal life

Diles was born in 1961 in the city of Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, a nearby suburb of Detroit. His father, Dave Diles Sr., was a prominent ABC Sports broadcaster. The two had a close bond together through sports, and the younger Diles noted in a press conference that his father once called him on the phone, crying, to let him know that his son's favorite hockey player (Gary Bergman) had been traded. His father died in December 2009 from a stroke.

Diles attended Ohio University from which he graduated in 1983 with a master's degree in sports administration. Diles later earned a doctor of education from the University of Michigan in 1988. He is married to his wife, Suzanne Irene Diles, and the couple has two sons, Matthew and Mitchell.

## Administrative career

Diles' athletic administrative career began in at Central Michigan University where he was the Chippewas' assistant athletic director from 1989 to 1991. He then took the same position at Auburn University from 1991 to 1994.

Diles received his first head athletic directing job in 1994 at St. Bonaventure University in western New York. During his tenure with the Bonnies, the school's programs won more Atlantic 10 Conference championships in from 1995 to 1999 than they had in all years prior. After leaving St. Bonaventure in 1999, Diles went to Eastern Michigan University. He oversaw the Eagles win 21 total Mid-American Conference titles in a six-year span, and graduation rates of Eastern Michigan student-athletes almost doubled. The Eagles football team, however, failed to achieve a winning season under Diles' direction.

In 2005, Diles stepped away from the Division I ranks and became the athletic director at Division III-Case Western Reserve University. He cited that he choose the school for a "breadth of responsibilities. Having an opportunity to expand my professional responsibilities to include physical education, intramurals, club sports, recreational programming was very attractive." In Diles' tenure, Case Western football made the Division III playoffs three times. The team also won 38 consecutive regular-season games, and Diles oversaw the opening of *Village at 115*, which included expanded fan seating and press boxes.

Following an eight-year career with Case Western, Diles was appointed as the eleventh athletic director for the Virginia Military Institute on September 4, 2013. He was appointed by VMI superintendent J. H. Binford Peay III, and was the successor to Donny White, who had been the Keydets' athletic director since 1998. The contract was for four years worth $150,000.

## InfoBox

Dave Diles
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | David L. Diles Jr. |
| Nickname | Dave |
| Nationality | American |
| Born | 1962 |
| *Alma mater* | Ohio University |
| Occupation | Athletic director |
| Years active | 1989–present |
| Spouse | Suzanne Irene Diles |


title: Seringia denticulata

abstract: Seringia denticulata is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a spindly shrub, densely covered with rust-coloured hairs, has egg-shaped to elliptic leaves and usually white flowers in groups of 6 to 10.

text:
# Seringia denticulata

***Seringia denticulata*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a spindly shrub, densely covered with rust-coloured hairs, has egg-shaped to elliptic leaves and usually white flowers in groups of 6 to 10.

## Description

*Seringia denticulata* is a single-stemmed, spindly shrub densely covered with rust-coloured hairs. It typically grows up to 1–2 m (3 ft 3 in – 6 ft 7 in) high and wide. Its leaves are egg-shaped to elliptic, 150–180 mm (5.9–7.1 in) long and 5–35 mm (0.20–1.38 in) wide on a petiole 3–8 mm (0.12–0.31 in) long, with broad stipules 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) long at the base. The edges of the leaves are toothed, the upper surface wrinkled and dark green, and the lower surface is densely covered with pale hairs. The flowers are white, up to 12 mm (0.47 in) wide, borne in groups of 6 to 10 on a peduncle 5–12 mm (0.20–0.47 in) long, each flower on a pedicel 8–11 mm (0.31–0.43 in) long. The sepals are 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) long, joined at the base for less than half their length, and there are usually no petals. The staminodes are tiny, and the filaments are yellow and about the same length as the anthers. Flowering occurs from August to February and the fruit is a hairy capsule 6–10 mm (0.24–0.39 in) wide and 8–17 mm (0.31–0.67 in) wide.

## Taxonomy

This species was first formally described in 1942 by Cyril Tenison White who gave it the name *Keraudrenia corollata* var. *denticulata* in the *Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland* from specimens collected near Aspley in 1928. In 2016, C.F.Wilkins raised the variety to species status as *S. denticulata* in *Australian Systematic Botany*. The specific epithet (*denticulata*) means "toothed", referring to the edges of the leaves.

## Distribution and habitat

*Seringia denticulata* grows in sandstone country in forest from Tully Falls in far north Queensland to near Brisbane in Queensland, but has also been recorded as far south as Grafton in New South Wales, and near the Colo River.

## Conservation

The species has been listed as "least concern" under the Queensland Government *Nature Conservation Act 1992*.

## InfoBox

| *Seringia denticulata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| In the Australian National Botanic Gardens | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Malvaceae |
| Genus: | *Seringia* |
| Species: | ***S. denticulata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Seringia denticulata***<br>(C.T.White) C.F.Wilkins | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Keraudrenia corollata* var. *denticulata* C.T.White * *Keraudrenia sp. (Chermside S.T.Blake 23068)* * *Seringia sp. (Chermside S.T.Blake 23068)* | |


title: Kryeziu family

abstract: The Kryeziu family was notably powerful and influential in Gjakova and other parts of Dukagjin during the 19th and 20th century. They were part of the Ottoman cast. The family name comes from the Albanian word for Blackhead.

text:
# Kryeziu family

The **Kryeziu family** was notably powerful and influential in Gjakova and other parts of Dukagjin during the 19th and 20th century. They were part of the Ottoman cast. The family name comes from the Albanian word for Blackhead.

## Biography

Riza Bey Kryeziu was active during the Albanian Revolt of 1912; one of the organizers of the League of Junik and activist of Albanian national movements of the early 20th century. His sons, Gani, Ceno, Hasan, and Said were influential during the early and mid 20th century in southern Kosovo and north Albania. At a short notice, they were able to gather men and logistics for constructing guerrillas.

The Kryeziu brothers were Ceno Bey, Gani Bey, Said Bey, Ali, Rada, and Hasan Bey Kryeziu from the Gjakova region in Kosovo.

Ceno Bey became the brother-in-law of Ahmet Zogu. He was the first widely accepted Yugoslav spy in Albanian political leadership. Due to the pro-Italian orientation of King Zog I, Yugoslav authorities pinpointed Ceno as a near replacement for Ahmet Zogu, who became aware of the connection between Ceno and the Yugoslavs and paid one of his agents to assassinate him in Prague in 1927.

The other three brothers were less famous than Ceno until World War II, but still respectably influential. They became the leaders of the partisan anti-communist guerrillas in Albania, fighting against the Italians, followed by the Germans, and later the strong communist fraction of the National Liberation Movement. During this time they kept formidable relationships with Yugoslav secret services and Allied Headquarters, collaborating with American and British officers. Enver Hoxha later called them, in disdain, "British and Yugoslav agents".


title: John O. Stinson

abstract: John O. Stinson was an American civil engineer and town administrator who served as Town Manager of Saugus, Massachusetts, Ipswich, Massachusetts, and Hanover, New Hampshire.

text:
# John O. Stinson

**John O. Stinson** (died September 3, 2021) was an American civil engineer and town administrator who served as Town Manager of Saugus, Massachusetts, Ipswich, Massachusetts, and Hanover, New Hampshire.

## Early life and career

Born and raised in Acton, Massachusetts, Stinson served in the United States Armed Forces during the Korean War. He then attended Worcester Polytechnic Institute, where he received a B.S. in civil engineering in 1957.

Stinson then worked for Boston engineering firm of Metcalf and Eddy. In 1961, while working on the Wachusett Dam, he was seriously injured after he fell off of a 60-foot ledge. He then crawled 250 feet for help.

## Saugus Town Manager

On February 19, 1962, Stinson was appointed Town Manager of Saugus, Massachusetts by the Saugus Board of Selectmen. He was chosen out of a field of 35 applicants, with three members voting for him and two voting for Clarence Sayward Wilkinson. His appointment was on a six-month temporary basis, but the board would later give him the job permanently.

During his tenure as town manager, Saugus opened two new elementary schools; the Oaklandvale School and the Lynnhurst School. Stinson also had to deal with the loss of 35 classrooms due to 3 arson fires. He and school superintendent Rhoden B. Eddy addressed the loss of classrooms by having seventh and eighth grade attend class in the Veterans' Memorial Elementary School and the American Legion Hall and having ninth graders attend class in the afternoon. They were also able to repair the east wing of the Saugus High School in time for the 196465 school year. A new junior high school and elementary school were also constructed.

The Laurel Gardens elderly housing complex was also constructed during Stinson's tenure.

While Stinson was manager, Saugus' image improved due to his stable leadership and town meeting's willingness to increase expenditures to allow for improvements to the town's schools, highways, and water and sewer lines. The town's population also grew rapidly during this period, which town officials contended was due to Saugus becoming more attractive to prospective homeowners. Additionally, many new businesses opened on Route 1. However, the Board of Selectmen objected to Stinson's spending increases. This dispute came to a head when the cost of constructing the new junior high school unexpectedly increased. On March 7, 1967, Selectman Frederick Wagner introduced a motion to fire Stinson, citing the town's "sky-rocketing tax rate" and Stinson's "cool indifference" to the Board of Selectmen. The board voted 4 to 0 to suspend and fire Stinson, with the town manager's only supporter on the board, Vernon W. Evans, unable to attend the meeting due to illness. His dismissal came one day after a number of supporters held a public reception honoring him for being the town's longest serving manager.

Following Stinson's dismissal, over 4,000 residents signed a petition in support of him. His supporters also led a recall effort against the Selectmen who voted for his dismissal. The firing did not become official as the Board of Selectmen did not vote on a final resolution of removal and Stinson was allowed to return to work. However, on May 22, 1967, Stinson announced his resignation, stating that board's vote to fire him was "personally and professionally degrading to the point where in most absolute manner I refuse to be connected with the board in any manner and hearby resign".

## Ipswich and Hanover

On June 2, 1967, Stinson accepted the position of Ipswich Town Manager. He was the town's first permanent manager after a new charter was approved in March. During his tenure in Ipswich, he investigated the feasibility of constructing a nuclear power plant in the town.

After leaving Ipswich, Stinson worked as an administrator at the Berkshire Medical Center.

From 1974 to 1977, Stinson was Town Manager of Hanover, New Hampshire. During his tenure, Stinson successfully lobbied Governor Meldrim Thomson, Jr. and the Executive Council of New Hampshire for funding for subsidized housing in the Hanover area.

Stinson resigned as Town Manager on July 1, 1977. Following his resignation, Stinson remained in the Hanover area in a business capacity.

## Personal life

Stinson married Barbara Ann Mayr on September 22, 1956, with whom he had three sons and three daughters. Barbara Ann died in 2016.

## InfoBox

| John O. Stinson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Hanover, New Hampshire Town Manager | |
| **In office**
1974–1977 | |
| Ipswich, Massachusetts Town Manager | |
| **In office**
1967–1969 | |
| Saugus, Massachusetts Town Manager | |
| **In office**
1962–1967 | |
| Preceded by | John B. Kennedy |
| Succeeded by | Paul H. Boucher |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Alma mater | Worcester Polytechnic Institute |
| Occupation | Civil Engineer
Hospital Administrator
Town Manager |
|  | |