title: Eugenio Mendoza

abstract: Eugenio Mendoza Goiticoa was a Venezuelan business tycoon who made important contributions in the modernization of the country during the 20th Century.

text:
# Eugenio Mendoza

**Eugenio Mendoza Goiticoa** (Caracas, November 13, 1906, Caracas, October 17, 1979) was a Venezuelan business tycoon who made important contributions in the modernization of the country during the 20th Century.

## Early life

He was the son of Eugenio Mendoza Cobeña (the grandson of Venezuela's first president, Cristóbal Mendoza) and Luisa Goiticoa (the great-granddaughter of Simón Bolívar's sister, Juana Bolívar). Despite his family's historical position he grew up in modest circumstances due to the monetary sacrifices made by his family during the war for Venezuelan independence and later the Venezuelan civil war.

Along with his brothers, Pedro, Carlos, and Eduardo Mendoza Goiticoa, he was a descendant of Simón Bolívar's sister, Juana Bolívar (Simón Bolívar had no children).

Eugenio married Luisa Rodriguez Planas in 1938, and had four children with her: Eugenio Andres, Gertrudis, Luisa Elena and Eugenio Antonio. One son, Eugenio Andres, drowned as a youngster.

## Business career

Eugenio Mendoza was the fourth son of seven children, he had four brothers and two sisters and was the only one who did not pursue a university education, choosing instead to go into business by starting his first company at the age of eighteen. In partnership with Moises Miranda he founded “Moisés Miranda & Cía” a firm to sell construction materials. By January 1932, he purchased Miranda’s shares, becoming the sole owner of the company today known as “Materiales Mendoza” ”. During the following years, he founded "Maquinarias Mendoza" a heavy equipment company.

He held negotiations with Vice President of the United States Henry A. Wallace, the U.S State Department and Nelson Rockefeller to commercialize construction materials in Venezuela. By that time, all construction supplies were destined to World War II.

By 1943, he had created "Venezolana de Cementos" which became the largest supplier of cement in the country. Vencemos had plants in Barquisimeto, Maracaibo, Pertigalete, Macuro and Catia La Mar. Also, in the following years he conformed "Protinal", dedicated to the production of animal feed which later became the pioneer in the development of poultry as a low cost substitute for protein; "Venezolana de Pinturas" and "Venezolana de Pulpa y Papel".

His business organization, "El Grupo Mendoza" became the largest industrial conglomerate in the 1970s encompassing everything from cement, construction, heavy machinery, paint, paper mills, animal feed, poultry, banking, and insurance to car manufacturing today known as General Motors of Venezuela.

## Public service

At the age of 34, Eugenio Mendoza was appointed Minister of Industry Promotion during Isaías Medina Angarita’s presidency in Venezuela (1941-1945). Arturo Uslar Pietri and Lorenzo Mendoza Fleury were also part of Medina Angarita’s cabinet; Uslar Pietri as Secretary of the Presidency and Mendoza Fleury as Philadelphia’s Consul and later as Deputy Ambassador to the United Nations. These group promoted the industrialization in Venezuela, favoring the development of the country.

In 1958 was appointed as minister of rear admiral Wolfgang Larrazabal’s cabinet following the overthrow of Marcos Pérez Jiménez on 23 January 1958.

## Philanthropy

He founded the "Fundación Mendoza" which led the philanthropic community of Venezuela for two decades primarily focusing on the founding of "Hospital Ortopedico Infantil" the largest children's hospital in Latin America and numerous schools.

In 1970, he founded the Universidad Metropolitana, a private university located in Caracas, which became the most important passion of his later years. It was the first Venezuelan university to offer careers in business management and finance. It remains one of the most prestigious private universities in Venezuela.

Today, their three children and grandchildren continue the business and philanthropic work of "El Grupo Mendoza" and "Fundación Mendoza".


title: Eugenio María de Hostos School

abstract: Eugenio María de Hostos School is a historic early 20th century school located in Las Marías, Puerto Rico.

text:
# Eugenio María de Hostos School

**Eugenio María de Hostos School** (Spanish: *Escuela Eugenio María de Hostos*) is a historic early 20th century school located in Las Marías, Puerto Rico.

## History

The school building was designed in the Mission Spanish Revival style and built in 1938. Funding for the construction came from the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration, a New Deal agency. The school was designed by Puerto Rican State Architect Rafael Carmoega.

It was added to the United States National Register of Historic Places on December 19, 2012.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Eugenio María de Hostos School | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| The school in 2017. | |
|  | |
| Location | Matías Brugman Avenue in Las Marías, Puerto Rico |
| Coordinates | 18°13′41″N 65°55′27″W / 18.22806°N 65.92417°W / 18.22806; -65.92417 (Eugenio María de Hostos School) |
| Built | 1938 |
| Architect | Rafael Carmoega, Francisco Gardon Vega |
| Architectural style | Mission/Spanish Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 12001077 |
| Added to NRHP | December 19, 2012 |


abstract:
The European chemical Substances Information System (ESIS) was a chemoinformatics database that stored information system on chemicals of the European Union. It was created in the year 2003 by the former European Chemicals Bureau, which completed its mandate in 2008. ESIS was set up by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission in order to make data on the safety of chemicals more readily accessible to the public, offering a single search tool on chemicals and the legislation under which they are presently covered. By October 3, 2013, ESIS contained 14,897 substance records. ESIS provided access to several registers and lists, shown below:
  - EINECS
  - NLP
  - BPD
  - Export and Import of Dangerous Chemicals The following databases were originally part of ESIS, but have been taken over by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), which will also ensure further updates:
  - ELINCS
  - PBT
  - C&L
  - HPVCs and LPVCs
  - IUCLID Chemical Data Sheets
  - Priority Lists, Risk Assessment process and tracking system

text:
# European chemical Substances Information System

The **European chemical Substances Information System** (**ESIS**) was a chemoinformatics database that stored information system on chemicals of the European Union. It was created in the year 2003 by the former European Chemicals Bureau, which completed its mandate in 2008. ESIS was set up by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission in order to make data on the safety of chemicals more readily accessible to the public, offering a single search tool on chemicals and the legislation under which they are presently covered. By October 3, 2013, ESIS contained 14,897 substance records.

ESIS provided access to several registers and lists, shown below:

* EINECS (European Inventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances)
* NLP (No-Longer Polymers)
* BPD (Biocidal Products Directive)
* Export and Import of Dangerous Chemicals

The following databases were originally part of ESIS, but have been taken over by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), which will also ensure further updates:

* Archived version — Note: ESIS information system has been discontinued (since 17 November 2014).


title: European comics

abstract: European comics are comics produced in Europe. The comic album is a very common printed medium. The typical album is printed in large format, generally with high quality paper and colouring, commonly 24 cm × 32 cm, has around 48–60 pages, but examples with more than 100 pages are common. While sometimes referred to as graphic novels, this term is rarely used in Europe, and is not always applicable as albums often consist of separate short stories, placing them somewhere halfway between a comic book and a graphic novel. The European comic genres vary from the humorous adventure vein, such as The Adventures of Tintin and Asterix, to more adult subjects like Tex Willer, Diabolik, and Thorgal.

text:
# European comics

**European comics** are comics produced in Europe. The comic album is a very common printed medium. The typical album is printed in large format, generally with high quality paper and colouring, commonly 24 cm × 32 cm (9.4 in × 12.6 in), has around 48–60 pages, but examples with more than 100 pages are common. While sometimes referred to as graphic novels, this term is rarely used in Europe, and is not always applicable as albums often consist of separate short stories, placing them somewhere halfway between a comic book and a graphic novel. The European comic genres vary from the humorous adventure vein, such as *The Adventures of Tintin* and *Asterix*, to more adult subjects like *Tex Willer*, *Diabolik*, and *Thorgal*.

## History

The roots of European on-paper comics date back to 18th century caricatures (mocking others styles or behaviors) by artists such as William Hogarth. The early 19th century Swiss artist Rodolphe Töpffer is regarded by many as the "father of the modern comic" and his publication *Histoire de Mr. Vieux Bois* (1837) is sometimes called the first "comic book".

Other precursors include illustrated picture books such as Wilhelm Busch's *Max and Moritz* (1865).

Franco-Belgian comics, Spanish comics, and Italian comics are historically amongst the dominant scenes of European comics.

Earlier, paintings, depicting stories in subsequent frames, using descriptive text resembling bubbles-text, were used in murals, one such example is written in Greek, dating to the 2nd century and found in Capitolias, today in Jordan.

## Festivals

A number of festivals celebrating comic art are held around Europe. These include:

## InfoBox

| European comics | |
| --- | --- |
| Earliest publications | 19th century |


abstract: The Committee on Employment and Social Affairs (EMPL) is a committee of the European Parliament. It is responsible for issues of employment and social policy, including labour rights, social security, inclusion, free movement for workers and pensioners, professional and vocational training, the European Social Fund, and employment discrimination law. During the Ninth European Parliament (2019–2024), the committee has 55 members. Since July 2024, it is chaired by Li Andersson from Finland.

text:
# European Parliament Committee on Employment and Social Affairs

The **Committee on Employment and Social Affairs** (**EMPL**) is a committee of the European Parliament. It is responsible for issues of employment and social policy, including labour rights, social security, inclusion, free movement for workers and pensioners, professional and vocational training, the European Social Fund, and employment discrimination law. During the Ninth European Parliament (2019–2024), the committee has 55 members. Since July 2024, it is chaired by Li Andersson from Finland.

## Members

As of 13 April 2022, the 55 members of the committee are:

| Member | Group (Party) | | State |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Dragoș Pîslaru (Chair) |  | RE (PLUS) | Romania |
| Marc Angel (Vice-Chair) |  | S&D (LSAP) | Luxembourg |
| Leïla Chaibi (Vice-Chair) |  | GUE/NGL (LFI) | France |
| Romana Tomc (Vice-Chair) |  | EPP (SDS) | Slovenia |
| Katrin Langensiepen (Vice-Chair) |  | G/EFA (GRÜNE) | Germany |
| Atidzhe Alieva-Veli |  | RE (DPS) | Bulgaria |
| Dominique Bilde |  | ID (RN) | France |
| Gabriele Bischoff |  | S&D (SPD) | Germany |
| Vilija Blinkevičiūtė |  | S&D (LSDP) | Lithuania |
| Milan Brglez |  | S&D (SD) | Slovenia |
| Sylvie Brunet |  | RE (MoDem) | France |
| Jordi Cañas Pérez |  | RE (Cs) | Spain |
| David Casa |  | EPP (PN) | Malta |
| Margarita de la Pisa Carrión |  | ECR (Vox) | Spain |
| Ilan de Basso |  | S&D () | Sweden |
| Özlem Demirel |  | GUE/NGL (LINKE) | Germany |
| Klára Dobrev |  | S&D (DK) | Hungary |
| Jarosław Duda |  | EPP (PO) | Poland |
| Estrella Durá Ferrandis |  | S&D (PSOE) | Spain |
| Lucia Ďuriš Nicholsonová |  | RE (Ind) | Slovakia |
| Rosa Estaràs |  | EPP (PP) | Spain |
| Nicolaus Fest |  | ID AfD) | Germany |
| Loukas Fourlas |  | EPP (DISY) | Cyprus |
| Cindy Franssen |  | EPP (CD&V) | Belgium |
| Helmut Geuking |  | EPP (FAMILIE) | Germany |
| Elisabetta Gualmini |  | S&D (PD) | Italy |
| Alicia Homs Ginel |  | S&D (PSOE) | Spain |
| France Jamet |  | ID (RN) | France |
| Agnes Jongerius |  | S&D (PvdA) | Netherlands |
| Radan Kanev |  | EPP (DSB) | Bulgaria |
| Ádám Kósa |  | NI (Fidesz) | Hungary |
| Stelios Kympouropoulos |  | EPP (ND) | Greece |
| Miriam Lexmann |  | EPP (KDH) | Slovakia |
| Elena Lizzi |  | ID (Lega) | Italy |
| Sara Matthieu |  | G/EFA (Groen) | Belgium |
| Giuseppe Milazzo |  | ECR (FdI) | Italy |
| Sandra Pereira |  | GUE/NGL (PCP) | Portugal |
| Kira Marie Peter-Hansen |  | G/EFA (SF) | Denmark |
| Manuel Pizarro |  | S&D (PS) | Portugal |
| Dennis Radtke |  | EPP (CDU) | Germany |
| Elżbieta Rafalska |  | ECR (PiS) | Poland |
| Guido Reil |  | ID (AfD) | Germany |
| Daniela Rondinelli |  | NI (M5S) | Italy |
| Mounir Satouri |  | G/EFA (EELV) | France |
| Monica Semedo |  | RE (Ind) | Luxembourg |
| Michal Šimečka |  | RE (PS) | Slovakia |
| Beata Szydło |  | ECR (PiS) | Poland |
| Cristian Terheș |  | ECR (PNȚ-CD) | Romania |
| Eugen Tomac |  | EPP (PMP) | Romania |
| Marie-Pierre Vedrenne |  | RE (MoDem) | France |
| Nikolaj Villumsen |  | GUE/NGL (EL) | Denmark |
| Marianne Vind |  | S&D () | Denmark |
| Maria Walsh |  | EPP (FG) | Ireland |
| Stefania Zambelli |  | ID (Lega) | Italy |
| Tomáš Zdechovský |  | EPP (KDU-ČSL) | Czech Republic |

## Chairpersons

| Chairperson | | Term start | Term end | Group | | State |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Pervenche Berès | 16 July 2009 | 30 June 2014 |  | S&D | France |
|  | Thomas Händel | 7 July 2014 | 30 June 2019 |  | GUE/NGL | Germany |
|  | Lucia Ďuriš Nicholsonová | 18 July 2019 | 18 June 2021 |  | ECR | Slovakia |
| | | 18 June 2021 | 24 January 2022 |  | RE | |
|  | Dragoș Pîslaru | 24 January 2022 | 23 July 2024 |  | RE | Romania |
|  | Li Andersson | 23 July 2024 | Incumbent |  | GUE/NGL | Finland |


title: Eurybia horrida

abstract: Eurybia horrida is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names spiny aster and horrid herrickia. It is native to Colorado and New Mexico in the United States, where it occurs only in the Canadian River basin. It most often included in genus Eurybia. Eurybia horrida is a clumpy perennial herb or subshrub growing 30 to 60 centimeters tall from a woody rhizome. There are one to many stems which are coated in resin glands. The leaves are oval or oblong in shape with bases that clasp the stem. They are up to 4.5 centimeters in length. They are tough, glandular, coated in rough hairs, and lined with spiny teeth on the edges. The inflorescence may be a single flower head or an array of several heads. Each head is lined with glandular green or purplish phyllaries. It contains purple ray florets which may be up to 2.2 centimeters long, and yellow or purplish disc florets. Blooming occurs in summer, or as late as October. The fruit is an achene with a pappus of bristles. Eurybia horrida grows on dry mountain slopes and canyons, often in oak woodlands, pinyon-juniper woodlands and grasslands. Most of its habitat is rugged and inaccessible, which helps protect it from human threats.

text:
# Eurybia horrida

***Eurybia horrida*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names **spiny aster** and **horrid herrickia**. It is native to Colorado and New Mexico in the United States, where it occurs only in the Canadian River basin. It most often included in genus *Eurybia*.

*Eurybia horrida* is a clumpy perennial herb or subshrub growing 30 to 60 centimeters tall from a woody rhizome. There are one to many stems which are coated in resin glands. The leaves are oval or oblong in shape with bases that clasp the stem. They are up to 4.5 centimeters in length. They are tough, glandular, coated in rough hairs, and lined with spiny teeth on the edges. The inflorescence may be a single flower head or an array of several heads. Each head is lined with glandular green or purplish phyllaries. It contains purple ray florets which may be up to 2.2 centimeters long, and yellow or purplish disc florets. Blooming occurs in summer, or as late as October. The fruit is an achene with a pappus of bristles.

*Eurybia horrida* grows on dry mountain slopes and canyons, often in oak woodlands, pinyon-juniper woodlands and grasslands. Most of its habitat is rugged and inaccessible, which helps protect it from human threats.

## Taxonomy

*Eurybia horrida* was first described and named by E. O. Wooton and Paul Carpenter Standley in 1913 under the name *Herrickia horrida*. It was later combined with the rest of *Herrickia* into the very large *Aster* genus in a 1937 publication. In 2004 Luc Brouillet published a paper arguing for its restoration as *Herrickia horrida* along with a general reorganization of species into a restored genus, *Herrickia*. However, as of 2023 Plants of the World Online (POWO) accepts the 1995 description by Guy L. Nesom as *Eurybia horrida* as does World Flora Online (WFO) and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS database (PLANTS). However, the *Flora of North America* follows its classification in *Herrickia*.

### Names

*Eurybia horrida* is known by the common names "spiny aster" and "horrid herrickia", the later being a translation of its original botanical Latin name.

## Range

*Eurybia horrida* has a very limited range in the upper basin of the Canadian River mainly in New Mexico, but also into parts of southern Colorado. It is recorded by the PLANTS database and by the New Mexico Rare Plant Technical Council as growing in just Las Animas County, Colorado and four northern counties of New Mexico, Colfax, Mora, Harding, and San Miguel.

## InfoBox

| *Eurybia horrida* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | *Eurybia* |
| Species: | ***E. horrida*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eurybia horrida***
(Woot. & Standl.) G.L.Nesom | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Aster horridus*  (Wooton & Standl.) S.F.Blake * *Herrickia horrida*  Wooton & Standl. | |


title: Eurybia integrifolia

abstract: Eurybia integrifolia, commonly called the thickstem aster, is an herbaceous perennial in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the western United States where it grows primarily in the Rocky Mountains, the Great Basin, and the Sierra Nevada in Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Oregon, Nevada, and California.

text:
# Eurybia integrifolia

***Eurybia integrifolia***, (formerly *Aster integrifolius*) commonly called the **thickstem aster**, is an herbaceous perennial in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the western United States where it grows primarily in the Rocky Mountains, the Great Basin, and the Sierra Nevada in Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Oregon, Nevada, and California.

## InfoBox

| Thickstem aster | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| In Utah | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Secure  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | *Eurybia* |
| Species: | ***E. integrifolia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eurybia integrifolia***
(Nutt.) G.L.Nesom | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Aster amplexifolius* Rydb. * *Aster integrifolius* Nutt. | |


title: Eurybia kingii

abstract: Eurybia kingii is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, called the King's serpentweed or King's aster. It has been found only in the State of Utah in the western United States. Eurybia kingii is a small perennial herb rarely more than 12 centimeters tall from a woody underground caudex. The plant produces flower heads in groups of 1-5 heads. Each head contains 13-27 white or lavender ray florets surrounding 29–47 yellow disc florets.

text:
# Eurybia kingii

***Eurybia kingii*** is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, called the **King's serpentweed** or **King's aster.** It has been found only in the State of Utah in the western United States.

*Eurybia kingii* is a small perennial herb rarely more than 12 centimeters (2.8 inches) tall from a woody underground caudex. The plant produces flower heads in groups of 1-5 heads. Each head contains 13-27 white or lavender ray florets surrounding 29–47 yellow disc florets.

## Taxonomy

*Eurybia kingii* was scientifically described and named in 1871 with the name *Aster kingii* by Daniel Cady Eaton. Due to the taxonomic complexity a later reclassification to *Tonestus kingii* was argued for by the Asteraceae specialist Guy L. Nesom in a 1991 paper. This found wide acceptance and continues to be name used for the species by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS database (PLANTS) as of 2023. In 2004 Luc Brouillet published a paper arguing for its reclassification as *Herrickia kingii* along with a general reorganization of species into a restored genus, *Herrickia*. Returning to the subject in 2009, Guy L. Nesom proposed its inclusion in *Eurybia*. As of 2023 Plants of the World Online (POWO) and World Flora Online (WFO) both record it as *Eurybia kingii*.

### Names

*Eurybia kingii* is known by two common names. The name "King’s aster" is a variation on the original botanical Latin name for the species. It is also known as "King's serpentweed" because of its previous placement in *Tonestus* which are commonly called serpentweeds.

## Range

*Eurybia kingii* is limited to just seven counties in Utah in the western half of the state, Box Elder, Cache, Webber, Salt Lake, Utah, Juab, and Millard. *Eurybia kingii* was evaluated by NatureServe as "Vulnerable" (G3) in 1999, with the same rank at the state level because it endemic to Utah.

## InfoBox

| *Eurybia kingii* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | *Eurybia* |
| Species: | ***E. kingii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eurybia kingii***
(D.C.Eaton) G.L.Nesom | |
|
| Varieties | |
| * *Eurybia kingii* var. *barnebyana*  (S.L.Welsh & Goodrich) G.L.Nesom * *Eurybia kingii* var. *kingii* | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Aster kingii*  D.C.Eaton * *Herrickia kingii*  (D.C.Eaton) Brouillet, Urbatsch & R.P.Roberts * *Machaeranthera kingii*  (D.C.Eaton) Cronquist & D.D.Keck * *Tonestus kingii*  (D.C.Eaton) G.L.Nesom | |


title: Eumemmerring Creek

abstract: Eumemmerring Creek is an urban creek of the Port Phillip catchment, located in the southeastern Greater Melbourne region of the Australian east coast state of Victoria. It joins the Dandenong Creek to form the partly man-made Patterson River, which in turn drains into Beaumaris Bay.

text:
# Eumemmerring Creek

**Eumemmerring Creek** is an urban creek of the Port Phillip catchment, located in the southeastern Greater Melbourne region of the Australian east coast state of Victoria. It joins the Dandenong Creek (of which it can be considered a tributary) to form the partly man-made Patterson River, which in turn drains into Beaumaris Bay.

## Course

The creek's headwaters originate in the Dandenong Ranges as various small streams and springs from the hills between Mt. Morton (a small peak just west of Belgrave South) and Lysterfield Park. The formed stream first flows southwards along the western fringe of Narre Warren East, before picking up a number of highly modified drains and turns southwesterly at the northern end of Narre Warren North. After being reinforced by an outflow channel from Lysterfield Lake (known as the Heatherton Road East Drain), the creek meanders further and serves as the suburban boundary between Endeavour Hills, Hallam, Doveton and Eumemmerring, before turning south into Dandenong South. There it picks up a major tributary, the Hallam Main Drain (formed by the confluence of River Gum Creek, Troups Creek and Berwick Town Drain), just after crossing the South Gippsland Highway, and continues southwest into Bangholme to pick up its last main tributary, the Eastern Contour Drain, between Dandenong Valley Highway and the EastLink. It then crosses the EastLink to join the Dandenong Creek just north of the Eastern Treatment Plant to form the Patterson River.


title: Eurypepla calochroma

abstract: Eurypepla calochroma, commonly known as the Geiger tortoise beetle, is a species of tortoise beetle. It is found in Florida, Central America and the Caribbean. This specific beetle only feeds on the Geiger tree throughout all of its life stages.

text:
# Eurypepla calochroma

***Eurypepla calochroma***, commonly known as the **Geiger tortoise beetle**, is a species of tortoise beetle. It is found in Florida, Central America and the Caribbean. This specific beetle only feeds on the Geiger tree (*Cordia sebastena*) throughout all of its life stages.

## Description

The Geiger tortoise beetle is a small (about one centimeter) long beetle. The biology has been described Larvae are small, brown, slimy, and worm like and have an accumulation of feces on the abdomen. Pupae are shell-like, and when the adult emerges from the pupal stage they come out as a round-shaped beetle that is overall yellowish. But, as adults mature, they become a bright iridescent green color. Mature adults can change color from their normal green color to blues, purples, yellows, and browns based on light levels.

## Habitat and distribution

This beetle can be found in Southern Florida from Palm Beach to Miami-Dade and Monroe Counties, in the Bahamas and smaller Caribbean islands, Central America. They live in areas where Geiger Trees (*Cordia sebastena*) are found, such as open woodlands, grasslands, wetlands, and even gardens.

## Behavior

### Behavior in Larvae

Larvae face their fecal shield up at potential predators to deter them and to use them as an umbrella to protect their fragile bodies. Larvae eat the leaves, fruit, and flowers of the Geiger tree.

### Behavior in Adults

Adults eat the leaves, fruit, and flowers of the Geiger tree. Adults live on and crawl around these trees and often fly from tree to tree. They often hide and sleep under the leaves, for that is where their green color camouflages into the best. Some strange behaviors have been noted and studied by researchers at Florida Atlantic University High School. To startle predators who are trying to consume beetles, they will vibrate their heads up and down against a neck collar at high frequencies that make buzzing noises.

## InfoBox

| Geiger tortoise beetle | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Chrysomelidae |
| Genus: | *Eurypepla* |
| Species: | ***E. calochroma*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eurypepla calochroma***<br>Blake, 1965 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Physonota calochroma* (Blake, 1965) * *Physonota calochroma calochroma* (Blake, 1965) | |


title: European Pathway to Zero Waste

abstract: European Pathway to Zero Waste is an EU demonstration project part funded by The LIFE Programme (LIFE+), the EU's funding instrument for the environment and is a partnership between the Environment Agency and Waste & Resources Action Programme (WRAP). The project has been set up to investigate practical ways to achieve zero waste to landfill in the South East of England. It will share the results with colleagues both in the UK and in relevant EU Member States. Zero waste in this context is an approach to supporting the sustainable use of resources by business to benefit both the economy and the environment. It concentrates on reducing, re-using, recycling and recovering energy from waste. The project will run to March 2013.

text:
# European Pathway to Zero Waste

**European Pathway to Zero Waste** is an EU demonstration project part funded by The LIFE Programme (LIFE+), the EU's funding instrument for the environment and is a partnership between the Environment Agency and Waste & Resources Action Programme (WRAP). The project has been set up to investigate practical ways to achieve zero waste to landfill in the South East of England. It will share the results with colleagues both in the UK and in relevant EU Member States. Zero waste in this context is an approach to supporting the sustainable use of resources by business to benefit both the economy and the environment. It concentrates on reducing, re-using, recycling and recovering energy from waste. The project will run to March 2013.


title: Sanriku Coast

abstract: Sanriku Coast The Sanriku Coast is a coastal region on the Pacific Ocean, extending from southern Aomori Prefecture, through Iwate Prefecture and northern Miyagi Prefecture in northeastern Honshū, which is Japan's main island. The name comes from the historical region of Sanriku, referring to the former provinces of Rikuō, Rikuchū and Rikuzen.

text:
# Sanriku Coast

The **Sanriku Coast** (三陸海岸, *sanriku kaigan*) is a coastal region on the Pacific Ocean, extending from southern Aomori Prefecture, through Iwate Prefecture and northern Miyagi Prefecture in northeastern Honshū, which is Japan's main island. The name comes from the historical region of Sanriku (lit. "three *riku*"), referring to the former provinces of Rikuō, Rikuchū and Rikuzen.

## Tourist destination

There are the Tanesashi Coast, the Rikuchu Kaigan National Park and the Minami-Sanriku Kinkazan Quasi-National Park in the Sanriku Coast region.

## Earthquakes and tsunami

The bays of this ria coastline tend to amplify the destructiveness of tsunami waves. Significant events which devastated coastal communities include:

Prior to 2011, the tsunami history of Sanriku might have been interpreted as a story of progressively fewer casualties due to human intervention and planning. The 2011 disaster created a new baseline for analysis of regularly occurring tsunamis.

39°58′14″N 141°57′15″E / 39.9706°N 141.9542°E / 39.9706; 141.9542


title: Fareej el-Hatab

abstract:
Fareej el-Hatab is an old district close to the Manama Souq, in the heart of Manama in the Kingdom of Bahrain. It is located adjacent to Fareej el-Makharqa. Along with the other districts in the souq, it formed the core districts of Manama prior to the expansion of the city in the 20th century.
The first Matam in all of Manama, Matam Bin Rajab, is located in Fareeq el-Hatab.

text:
# Fareej el-Hatab

**Fareej el-Hatab** (Arabic: فريج الحطب، Fareej el-Hatab) is an old district close to the Manama Souq, in the heart of Manama in the Kingdom of Bahrain. It is located adjacent to Fareej el-Makharqa. Along with the other districts in the souq, it formed the core districts of Manama prior to the expansion of the city in the 20th century. The first Matam in all of Manama, Matam Bin Rajab, is located in Fareeq el-Hatab.


title: Pachybrachis othonus

abstract: Pachybrachis othonus is a species of case-bearing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Pachybrachis othonus

***Pachybrachis othonus*** is a species of case-bearing leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in North America.

## Subspecies

These three subspecies belong to the species *Pachybrachis othonus*:

* *Pachybrachis othonus othonus* (Say, 1825)
* *Pachybrachis othonus pallidipennis* Suffrian, 1858
* *Pachybrachis othonus sioux* Balsbaugh, 1973

## Further reading

* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2013). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 6: Chrysomeloidea*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-26091-7.

## InfoBox

| *Pachybrachis othonus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Chrysomelidae |
| Genus: | *Pachybrachis* |
| Species: | ***P. othonus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pachybrachis othonus***<br>(Say, 1825) | |
|


title: Evil Eye (2020 film)

abstract: Evil Eye is a 2020 American supernatural horror film directed by Elan and Rajeev Dassani and written by Madhuri Shekar, based on her Audible Original audio play of the same name. The film stars Sarita Choudhury, Sunita Mani and Omar Maskati. It was executive produced by Jason Blum of Blumhouse Television and Priyanka Chopra Jonas of Purple Pebble Pictures. Evil Eye was released on October 13, 2020, by Amazon Studios, as the third installment in the anthological Welcome to the Blumhouse film series.

text:
# Evil Eye (2020 film)

***Evil Eye*** is a 2020 American supernatural horror film directed by Elan and Rajeev Dassani and written by Madhuri Shekar, based on her Audible Original audio play of the same name. The film stars Sarita Choudhury, Sunita Mani and Omar Maskati. It was executive produced by Jason Blum of Blumhouse Television and Priyanka Chopra Jonas of Purple Pebble Pictures.

*Evil Eye* was released on October 13, 2020, by Amazon Studios, as the third installment in the anthological *Welcome to the Blumhouse* film series.

## Plot

Pallavi lives in New Orleans and has a close, but contentious, relationship with her mother Usha, who has moved back to Delhi because of her husband's work. Usha is worried that Pallavi is unmarried. Usha, who is heavily interested in vedic astrology, tries to set her daughter up on arranged dates.

To placate her mother, Pallavi agrees to meet a blind date she set up. The date never shows but Pallavi meets another man, Sandeep, and the two of them begin dating. Sandeep seems like the perfect man: handsome, wealthy, and Indian. When discussing their romantic pasts, Sandeep tells her that a former girlfriend tried to commit suicide when they broke up. When Pallavi rejects Sandeep's attempt to give her earrings, she sees his hands clench in anger, but dismisses it.

She tells Usha about her new boyfriend. But far from being overjoyed, Usha is concerned. An astrologer tells her that Pallavi and Sandeep have unprecedented compatibility. However, a private investigator Usha hires reports that Sandeep has a string of former girlfriends who are reluctant to talk about him.

Sandeep invites Pallavi to move in with him. She refuses so he offers to pay for the rent on a new apartment for her so she can quit her job and focus on her aspirations to be a writer. Pallavi moves into the new apartment, but when she tells Usha, her mother believes Sandeep has too much control over her. When Pallavi says Sandeep is doing this for her own good, Usha remembers that her abusive ex-boyfriend used to say this all the time to her and becomes convinced that Sandeep, who was born nine months after Pallavi, is the reincarnation of her old boyfriend, who had died the night Pallavi was born after violently confronting Usha. She tries to convince Pallavi to leave Sandeep, but Pallavi and everyone else thinks she is insane.

When Pallavi gets engaged to Sandeep, Usha has a breakdown. At the urging of her husband, she agrees to give Sandeep a chance. She confides in her daughter about her past: before she got married she had dated a man who was controlling and abusive. After she broke up with him and married someone else, he would stalk her. One night, when she was eight months pregnant, he attacked her on a bridge. In the struggle, she pushed him into the river and went into labor that night, giving birth to Pallavi. She was never connected to the ex-boyfriend's death.

Sandeep calls Usha and admits that her suspicions are correct: he is the reincarnation of her former boyfriend. He demands that she travel to America to meet him in person. When she arrives, Sandeep tells her that he wants what he has always wanted: her. He warns her that if she tries to stop the marriage, he will kill Pallavi. When the three have dinner together, Pallavi becomes suspicious that her fussy mother has suddenly become so supportive. Usha reveals that she has the same set of earrings Sandeep gave to Pallavi, a gift from her ex. Sandeep becomes enraged and attacks Usha. The two women fight him off and injure him.

At the hospital, realizing her mother was right, Pallavi worries about the future, and what might happen with her potential daughters. Usha comforts her as down the hall, Sandeep dies. The final shot shows a newborn baby, indicating that he has been reincarnated once again.

## Cast

## Production

Filming took place in New Orleans from November to December 2019.

## Release

The film was released on October 13, 2020 alongside *Nocturne* as one of the first four films in the eight film anthology *Welcome to the Blumhouse*, after *Nocturne*, *The Lie*, and *Black Box*.

## Reception

On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 44% based on 54 reviews, with an average rating of 5.4/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "With *Evil Eye*, directors Elan and Rajeev Dassani spy a premise that has no shortage of potential, but despite the efforts of a game cast, it remains tantalizingly unfulfilled." On Metacritic has a weighted average score of 54 out of 100, based on nine critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

## InfoBox

| Evil Eye | |
| --- | --- |
| Official release poster | |
| Directed by | * Elan Dassani * Rajeev Dassani |
| Screenplay by | Madhuri Shekar |
| Based on | *Evil Eye*
by Madhuri Shekar |
| Produced by | * Ian Watermeier * Nina Anand Aujla |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Yaron Levy |
| Edited by | Kristina Hamilton-Grobler |
| Music by | Ronit Kirchman |
| Production
companies |  |
| Distributed by | Amazon Studios |
| Release date | * October 13, 2020 (2020-10-13) |
| Running time | 90 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $5 million |


title: The Highlands at Harbor Springs

abstract: The Highlands at Harbor Springs is a ski resort in Northern Michigan located near Harbor Springs, Michigan owned and operated by Boyne Resorts. It was known as Boyne Highlands until December 2021 when the resort announced the name change.

text:
# The Highlands at Harbor Springs

**The Highlands at Harbor Springs** is a ski resort in Northern Michigan located near Harbor Springs, Michigan owned and operated by Boyne Resorts. It was known as **Boyne Highlands** until December 2021 when the resort announced the name change.

## History

**Harbor Highlands** ski resort opened in 1955 with one slope and a single rope tow. Other runs and a lodge were added in following seasons, but the resort did not succeed financially and had to close. The resort was purchased by Boyne in the early 1960s, along with an adjoining 2900 acres to the north. It opened as **Boyne Highlands** in 1963 with two three-person chairlifts, the first triple chairlifts in the world. The current high-speed detachable quad chairlift was installed in 1990. In 1995, the resort expanded in to the North Peak area.

Boyne Highlands was re-branded as **The Highlands at Harbor Springs** in 2021.

The tenth season of *The Big Break*, *The Big Break X: Michigan*, was filmed there.

45°28′15″N 84°56′05″W / 45.47083°N 84.93472°W / 45.47083; -84.93472

## InfoBox

| The Highlands at Harbor Springs | |
| --- | --- |
| The Highlands at Harbor Springs, as seen from Nub's Nob | |
| The Highlands at Harbor SpringsLocation within MichiganThe Highlands at Harbor SpringsThe Highlands at Harbor Springs (the United States) | |
| Location | Pleasantview Township, Emmet County, Michigan, United States |
| Nearest major city | Harbor Springs, Michigan |
| Status | Operating |
| Owner | Boyne Resorts |
| Vertical | 552 ft |
| Top elevation | 1325 ft |
| Base elevation | 773 ft |
| Skiable area | 435 |
| Trails | 55 |
| Lift capacity | 17,800 |
| Terrain parks | Yes, 3 |
| Snowmaking | Yes, 93% |
| Website | **highlandsatharborsprings.com** |


title: Fan magazine

abstract: A fan magazine is a commercially written and published magazine intended for the amusement of fans of the popular culture subject matter that it covers. It is distinguished from a scholarly, literary or trade magazine on the one hand, by the target audience of its contents, and from a fanzine on the other, by the commercial and for-profit nature of its production and distribution. Scholarly works on popular culture and fandoms do not always make this terminological distinction clear. In some relevant works, fanzines are called "fan magazines", possibly because the term "fanzine" is seen as slang. American examples include Photoplay, Motion Picture Magazine, Modern Screen, Sports Illustrated and Cinefantastique.

text:
# Fan magazine

A **fan magazine** is a commercially written and published magazine intended for the amusement of fans of the popular culture subject matter that it covers. It is distinguished from a scholarly, literary or trade magazine on the one hand, by the target audience of its contents, and from a fanzine on the other, by the commercial and for-profit nature of its production and distribution. Scholarly works on popular culture and fandoms do not always make this terminological distinction clear. In some relevant works, fanzines are called "fan magazines", possibly because the term "fanzine" is seen as slang.

American examples include *Photoplay*, *Motion Picture Magazine*, *Modern Screen*, *Sports Illustrated* and *Cinefantastique*.

## Film fan magazines

### Content

The film fan magazines focused on promoting films and movie stars in a certain way, and in exchange for this control, the studios would purchase plentiful advertisements.

Well known gossip columnists like Hedda Hopper, Walter Winchell, and Louella Parsons, among others, were published in various fan magazines. Readers of the fan magazines enjoyed reading about their favorite celebrities in "candid" articles supposedly penned by the stars themselves, even though they were most likely written by press agents and usually served to defend recent behavior or deflect rumors. The reporting on stars in this period by *Photoplay* and others was often positive due to the studios' influence over the publications.

## *Photoplay*

*Photoplay* was one of the first American film fan magazines. Founded in Chicago in 1911 by Macfadden Publications, *Photoplay* was founded the same year as *Stuart Blackton's Motion Picture Story*, a similar publication. *Photoplay*, as one of the first and most popular fan magazines, is credited as the originator of celebrity media. *Photoplay* was published from 1911 until 1980, at several points merging with other publications.

Other fan magazines include *Modern Screen* and *Cinefantastique*.

## *Confidential*

*Confidential* was founded in 1952 by Robert Harrison and published until 1978.

More of a tabloid than a fan magazines because of its salacious content and irreverent celebrity gossip. Unlike other fan magazines, *Confidential* did not cooperate with the studios allowing for more scandalous content. Contrary to its reputation for double-checking its facts, the magazine knowingly published unverified allegations which opened themselves up to libel suits.


abstract: The FIL European Luge Natural Track Championships, part of the International Luge Federation (FIL), have taken place since 1970. A team event was added for the 2010 championships. For information on luge championships in Europe that have been contested since 1914, please see FIL European Luge Championships.

text:
# FIL European Luge Natural Track Championships

The **FIL European Luge Natural Track Championships**, part of the International Luge Federation (FIL), have taken place since 1970. A team event was added for the 2010 championships. For information on luge championships in Europe that have been contested since 1914, please see FIL European Luge Championships.

## Host cities

## Men's singles

Debuted: 1970

| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1970 Kapfenberg | Ernst Stangl (AUT) | Anton Obernosterer (AUT) | Gottfried Lexer (AUT) |
| 1971 Vandans | Anton Obernosterer (AUT) | Gottfried Lexer (AUT) | Erwin Eichelberger (AUT) |
| 1973 Taisten | Ernst Stangl (AUT) | Josef Trojer (ITA) | Engelbert Fuchs (AUT) |
| 1974 Niedernsill | Erich Graber (ITA) | Erwin Eichelberger (AUT) | Albert Eichelberger (AUT) |
| 1975 Feld am See | Alfred Kogler (AUT) | Erich Graber (ITA) | Helmut Huter (AUT) |
| 1977 Seis am Schlern | Erich Graber (ITA) | Werner Belkircher (ITA) | Damiano Lugon (ITA) |
| 1978 Aurach | Hubert Mairamhof (ITA) | Werner Prantl (AUT) | Alfred Kogler (AUT) |
| 1979 Aosta | Damiano Lugon (ITA) | Otto Bachman (ITA) | Andrea Millet (ITA) |
| 1981 Niedernsill | Otto Bachman (ITA) | Damiano Lugon (ITA) | Othmar Neulichedl (ITA) |
| 1983 St. Konrad | Otto Bachman (ITA) | Martin Jud (ITA) | Andreas Jud (ITA) |
| 1985 Szczyrk | Manfred Danklmaier (AUT) | Damiano Lugon (ITA) | Robert Tomelitsch (AUT) |
| 1987 Jesenice | Manfred Graber (ITA) | Harald Steinhauser (ITA) | Erhard Mahlknecht (ITA) |
| 1989 Garmisch-Partenkirchen | Damiano Lugon (ITA) | Gerhard Pilz (AUT) | Manfred Graber (ITA) |
| 1991 Völs am Schlern | Franz Obrist (ITA) | Erhard Mahlknecht (ITA) | Harald Steinhauser (ITA) |
| 1993 Stein an der Enns | Anton Blasbichler (ITA) | Willi Danklmaier (AUT) | Franz Obrist (ITA) |
| 1995 Kandalaksha | Manfred Graber (ITA) | Martin Gruber (ITA) | Robert Tomelitsch (AUT) |
| 1997 Passiria | Reinhard Gruber (ITA) | Manfred Graber (ITA) | Gerhard Pilz (AUT) |
| 1999 Szczyrk | Anton Blasbichler (ITA) | Robert Batkowski (AUT) | Gerald Kallan (AUT) |
| 2002 Frantschach | Gerhard Pilz (AUT) | Robert Batkowski (AUT) | Gernot Schwab (AUT) |
| 2004 Hüttau | Gerhard Pilz (AUT) | Andreas Castiglioni (ITA) | Gerald Kallan (AUT) |
| 2006 Umhausen | Gernot Schwab (AUT) | Thomas Schopf (AUT) | Patrick Pigneter (ITA) |
| 2008 Olang | Robert Batkowski (AUT) | Anton Blasbichler (ITA) | Patrick Pigneter (ITA) |
| 2010 St. Sebastian | Patrick Pigneter (ITA) | Thomas Kammerlander (AUT) | Anton Blasbichler (ITA) |

## Women's singles

Debuted: 1970

| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1970 Kapfenberg | Hannelore Plattner (AUT) | Klara Niedertscheider (AUT) | Maria Dibiasi (ITA) |
| 1971 Vandans | Klara Niedertscheider (AUT) | Annemarie Ebner (AUT) | Ruth Oberhöller (AUT) |
| 1973 Taisten | Elfriede Pirkmann (AUT) | Berta Pichler (AUT) | Martha Ruech (AUT) |
| 1974 Niedernsill | Klara Niedertscheider (AUT) | Elfriede Pirkmann (AUT) | Annemarie Ebner (AUT) |
| 1975 Feld am See | Klara Niedertscheider (AUT) | Annemarie Ebner (AUT) | Elfriede Pirkmann (AUT) |
| 1977 Seis am Schlern | Helene Mitterstieler (ITA) | Elfriede Pirkmann (AUT) | Rosa Schwingshackl (ITA) |
| 1978 Aurach | Elfriede Pirkmann (AUT) | Roswitha Fischer (ITA) | Ruth Oberhöller (AUT) |
| 1979 Aosta | Roswitha Fischer (ITA) | Christa Fontana (ITA) | Herta Hafner (ITA) |
| 1981 Niedernsill | Delia Vaudan (ITA) | Helene Mitterstieler (ITA) | Elfriede Pirkmann (AUT) |
| 1983 St. Konrad | Ingerborg Innerhofer (AUT) | Irmgard Lanthaler (ITA) | Delia Vaudan (ITA) |
| 1985 Szczyrk | Delia Vaudan (ITA) | Irmgard Lanthaler (ITA) | Herta Hafner (ITA) |
| 1987 Jesenice | Delia Vaudan (ITA) | Helga Pichler (ITA) | Irene Koch (AUT) |
| 1989 Garmisch-Partenkirchen | Delia Vaudan (ITA) | Jeanette Koppensteiner (AUT) | Irene Koch (AUT) |
| 1991 Völs am Schlern | Doris Haselrieder (ITA) | Irene Koch (AUT) | Delia Vaudan (ITA) |
| 1993 Stein an der Enns | Irene Zechner (AUT) | Doris Haselrieder (ITA) | Elvira Holzknecht (AUT) |
| 1995 Kandalaksha | Irene Zechner (AUT) | Lyubov Panyutina (RUS) | Elvira Holzknecht (AUT) |
| 1997 Passiria | Lyubov Panyutina (RUS) | Elvira Holzknecht (AUT) | Sonja Steinacher (ITA) |
| 1999 Szczyrk | Sonja Steinacher (ITA) | Elvira Holzknecht (AUT) | Christa Gietl (ITA) |
| 2002 Frantschach | Sandra Lanthaler (ITA) | Yekaterina Lavrentyeva (RUS) | Sonja Steinacher (ITA) |
| 2004 Hüttau | Yekaterina Lavrentyeva (RUS) | Christa Gietl (ITA) | Barbara Abart (ITA) |
| 2006 Umhausen | Christa Gietl (ITA) | Imelda Gruber (ITA) | Renate Gietl (ITA) |
| 2008 Olang | Yekaterina Lavrentyeva (RUS) | Renate Kasslatter (ITA) | Renate Gietl (ITA) |
| 2010 St. Sebastian | Yekaterina Lavrentyeva (RUS) | Evelin Lanthaler (ITA) | Renate Gietl (ITA) |

## Men's doubles

Debuted: 1970

| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1970 Kapfenberg | Anton Obernosterer
Josef Lexer
Austria | H. Graber
Erich Graber
Italy | Josef Hilgartner
Gerhard Sandhofer
Austria |
| 1971 Vandans | S. Graber
J. Niedermaier
Italy | Anton Obernosterer
Gabriel Obernosterer
Austria | Siegfried Wild
Othmar Hofer
Austria |
| 1973 Taisten | P. Mitterstieler
P. Votter
Italy | Anton Obernosterer
Gabriel Obernosterer
Austria | F. Wurzer
B. Wurzer
Italy |
| 1974 Niedernsill | Siegfried Wild
Othmar Hofer
Austria | R. Jud
Erich Graber
Italy | Helmut Kleinhofer
Karl Flacher
Austria |
| 1975 Feld am See | R. Jud
Erich Graber
Italy | Engelbert Fuchs
Gottfried Kreuzer
Austria | Ernst Stangl
Erwin Eichelberger
Austria |
| 1977 Seis am Schlern | R. Jud
Erich Graber
Italy | Johann Mair
Michael Plaikner
Italy | Hubert Mairamhof
J. Pioner
Italy |
| 1978 Aurach | Werner Mücke
Helmut Huter
Austria | Hubert Mairamhof
J. Pioner
Italy | Gebhard Oberbichler
Hubert Ausserdorfer
Austria |
| 1979 Aosta | Werner Prantl
Florian Prantl
Austria | Damiano Lugon
Andrea Millet
Italy | Oswald Pornbacher
Erich Graber
Italy |
| 1981 Niedernsill | Oswald Pornbacher
Erich Graber
Italy | Hubert Mairamhof
H. Huber
Italy | Manfred Danklmaier
Willi Danklmaier
Austria |
| 1983 St. Konrad | Andreas Jud
Gunther Steinhauser
Italy | Raimund Pigneter
Georg Antholzer
Italy | Roland Trattnig
Harald Rabitsch
Austria |
| 1985 Szczyrk | Raimund Pigneter
Georg Antholzer
Italy | Almir Bentemps
Corrado Herin
Italy | Andreas Jud
Ernst Oberhammer
Italy |
| 1987 Jesenice | Andreas Jud
Ernst Oberhammer
Italy | Almir Bentemps
Corrado Herin
Italy | Arnold Luger
Gunther Steinhauser
Italy |
| 1989 Garmisch-Partenkirchen | Arnold Luger
Gunther Steinhauser
Italy | Manfred Graber
E. Marmsoler
Italy | Reinhold Bachmann
Manfred Als
Austria |
| 1991 Völs am Schlern | Krzysztof Niewiadomski
Oktawian Samulski
Poland | Roland Niedermair
Hubert Burger
Italy | Georg Eberhardter
Walter Mauracher
Austria |
| 1993 Stein an der Enns | Almir Bentemps
Corrado Herin
Italy | Jurgen Pezzi
Christian Hafner
Italy | Reinhold Bachmann
Manfred Als
Austria |
| 1995 Kandalaksha | Andi Ruetz
Helmut Ruetz
Austria | Martin Psenner
Arthur Konig
Italy | Jurgen Pezzi
Christian Hafner
Italy |
| 1997 Passiria | Andi Ruetz
Helmut Ruetz
Austria | Martin Psenner
Arthur Konig
Italy | Reinhard Beer
Herbert Kögl
Austria |
| 1999 Szczyrk | Andi Ruetz
Helmut Ruetz
Austria | Peter Lechner
Peter Braunegger
Austria | Armin Mair
David Mair
Italy |
| 2002 Frantschach | Wolfgang Schopf
Andreas Schopf
Austria | Reinhard Beer
Herbert Kögl
Austria | Andrzej Laszczak
Damian Waniczek
Poland |
| 2004 Hüttau | Pavel Porzhnev
Ivan Lazarev
Russia | Denis Alimov
Roman Molvistov
Russia | Wolfgang Schopf
Andreas Schopf
Austria |
| 2006 Umhausen | Pavel Porzhnev
Ivan Lazarev
Russia | Christian Schatz
Gerhard Mühlbacher
Austria | Denis Alimov
Roman Molvistov
Russia |
| 2008 Olang | Pavel Porzhnev
Ivan Lazarev
Russia | Patrick Pigneter
Florian Clara
Italy | Aleksandr Yegorov
Pyotr Popov
Russia |
| 2010 St. Sebastian | Patrick Pigneter
Florian Clara
Italy | Andrzej Laszczak
Damian Waniczek
Poland | Aleksandr Yegorov
Pyotr Popov
Russia |

## Team event

Debuted: 2010.

| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 St. Sebastian | Melanie Batkowski
Thomas Kammerlander
Christian Schopf
Andreas Schopf
Austria | Renate Gietl
Alex Gruber
Patrick Pigneter
Florian Clara
Italy | Marlies Wagner
Gerald Kammerlander
Christian Schatz
Gerhard Mühlbacher
Austria |

## Medal table

As of the 2010 FIL European Luge Natural Track Championships.

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Italy | 34 | 35 | 31 | 100 |
| 2 | Austria | 25 | 24 | 31 | 80 |
| 3 | Russia | 7 | 3 | 3 | 13 |
| 4 | Poland | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Totals (4 entries) | | 67 | 63 | 66 | 196 |


abstract: The Women's giant slalom competition at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2023 was held at Roc de Fer ski course in Méribel on 16 February 2023.

text:
# FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2023 – Women's giant slalom

| Women's Giant Slalom | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | *Roc de Fer*
Méribel, France |
| Vertical | 378 m (1,240 ft) |
| Top elevation | 1,830 m (6,004 ft) |
| Base elevation | 1,452 m (4,764 ft) |

The **Women's giant slalom** competition at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2023 was held at Roc de Fer ski course in Méribel on 16 February 2023.

## Results

The first run was started at 09:45 and the second run at 13:30.

| Rank | Bib | Name | Nation | Run 1 | Rank | Run 2 | Rank | Total | Diff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 3 | Mikaela Shiffrin | United States | 1:02.54 | 1 | 1:04.59 | 12 | 2:07.13 |  |
|  | 7 | Federica Brignone | Italy | 1:02.85 | 3 | 1:04.40 | 9 | 2:07.25 | +0.12 |
|  | 14 | Ragnhild Mowinckel | Norway | 1:03.25 | 5 | 1:04.10 | 5 | 2:07.35 | +0.22 |
| 4 | 5 | Lara Gut-Behrami | Switzerland | 1:03.18 | 4 | 1:04.26 | 6 | 2:07.44 | +0.31 |
| 5 | 6 | Marta Bassino | Italy | 1:04.00 | 13 | 1:03.93 | 3 | 2:07.93 | +0.80 |
| 6 | 20 | Mina Fürst Holtmann | Norway | 1:03.36 | 6 | 1:04.69 | 17 | 2:08.05 | +0.92 |
| 7 | 4 | Petra Vlhová | Slovakia | 1:03.54 | 9 | 1:04.52 | 10 | 2:08.06 | +0.93 |
| 8 | 12 | Thea Louise Stjernesund | Norway | 1:04.04 | 14 | 1:04.35 | 8 | 2:08.39 | +1.26 |
| 9 | 9 | Coralie Frasse Sombet | France | 1:03.78 | 10 | 1:04.67 | 16 | 2:08.45 | +1.32 |
| 10 | 8 | Maryna Gąsienica-Daniel | Poland | 1:03.53 | 8 | 1:04.99 | 19 | 2:08.52 | +1.39 |
| 11 | 25 | Nina O'Brien | United States | 1:04.70 | 21 | 1:03.86 | 2 | 2:08.56 | +1.43 |
| 12 | 22 | Franziska Gritsch | Austria | 1:04.18 | 15 | 1:04.65 | 15 | 2:08.83 | +1.70 |
| 13 | 2 | Sara Hector | Sweden | 1:03.50 | 7 | 1:05.43 | 24 | 2:08.93 | +1.80 |
| 14 | 24 | Camille Rast | Switzerland | 1:03.95 | 12 | 1:05.17 | 22 | 2:09.12 | +1.99 |
| 15 | 15 | Alice Robinson | New Zealand | 1:05.46 | 28 | 1:03.85 | 1 | 2:09.31 | +2.18 |
| 16 | 30 | Clara Direz | France | 1:04.76 | 23 | 1:04.62 | 14 | 2:09.38 | +2.25 |
| 17 | 36 | Zrinka Ljutić | Croatia | 1:04.86 | 24 | 1:04.54 | 11 | 2:09.40 | +2.27 |
| 18 | 18 | Wendy Holdener | Switzerland | 1:04.18 | 15 | 1:05.27 | 23 | 2:09.45 | +2.32 |
| 19 | 23 | Maria Therese Tviberg | Norway | 1:05.09 | 25 | 1:04.61 | 13 | 2:09.70 | +2.57 |
| 20 | 10 | Valérie Grenier | Canada | 1:05.70 | 30 | 1:04.01 | 4 | 2:09.71 | +2.58 |
| 21 | 32 | Britt Richardson | Canada | 1:04.72 | 22 | 1:05.05 | 20 | 2:09.77 | +2.64 |
| 22 | 28 | Asja Zenere | Italy | 1:04.69 | 20 | 1:05.10 | 21 | 2:09.79 | +2.66 |
| 23 | 41 | Katie Hensien | United States | 1:05.62 | 29 | 1:04.31 | 7 | 2:09.93 | +2.80 |
| 24 | 19 | Katharina Liensberger | Austria | 1:05.22 | 26 | 1:04.88 | 18 | 2:10.10 | +2.97 |
| 25 | 11 | Ana Bucik | Slovenia | 1:03.93 | 11 | 1:06.23 | 28 | 2:10.16 | +3.03 |
| 26 | 27 | Estelle Alphand | Sweden | 1:04.39 | 17 | 1:05.86 | 27 | 2:10.25 | +3.12 |
| 27 | 29 | Neja Dvornik | Slovenia | 1:04.66 | 19 | 1:05.72 | 26 | 2:10.38 | +3.25 |
| 28 | 17 | Michelle Gisin | Switzerland | 1:05.43 | 27 | 1:05.47 | 25 | 2:10.90 | +3.77 |
| 29 | 43 | Adriana Jelinkova | Czech Republic | 1:05.80 | 33 | 1:06.33 | 29 | 2:12.13 | +5.00 |
| 30 | 42 | Erika Pykäläinen | Finland | 1:06.17 | 35 | 1:06.99 | 30 | 2:13.16 | +6.03 |
| 31 | 39 | Emma Aicher | Germany | 1:05.75 | 32 | 1:07.46 | 31 | 2:13.21 | +6.08 |
| 32 | 49 | Rebeka Jančová | Slovakia | 1:06.32 | 38 | 1:07.57 | 32 | 2:13.89 | +6.76 |
| 33 | 50 | Kim Vanreusel | Belgium | 1:07.10 | 39 | 1:08.06 | 33 | 2:15.16 | +8.03 |
| 34 | 51 | Kiara Derks | Netherlands | 1:07.55 | 41 | 1:08.37 | 34 | 2:15.92 | +8.79 |
| 35 | 38 | Luisa Bertani | Bulgaria | 1:07.32 | 40 | 1:08.96 | 35 | 2:16.28 | +9.15 |
| 36 | 48 | Anastasiya Shepilenko | Ukraine | 1:07.83 | 42 | 1:09.29 | 36 | 2:17.12 | +9.99 |
| 37 | 53 | Gwyneth ten Raa | Luxembourg | 1:07.97 | 43 | 1:09.53 | 37 | 2:17.50 | +10.37 |
| 38 | 52 | Petra Hromcová | Slovakia | 1:09.85 | 44 | 1:10.27 | 39 | 2:20.12 | +12.99 |
| 39 | 58 | Mialitiana Clerc | Madagascar | 1:10.67 | 45 | 1:10.94 | 40 | 2:21.61 | +14.48 |
| 40 | 56 | Zita Tóth | Hungary | 1:11.69 | 49 | 1:10.04 | 38 | 2:21.73 | +14.60 |
| 41 | 67 | Mida Fah Jaiman | Thailand | 1:10.81 | 46 | 1:12.58 | 41 | 2:23.39 | +16.26 |
| 42 | 59 | Julia Zlatkova | Bulgaria | 1:12.65 | 52 | 1:13.13 | 42 | 2:25.78 | +18.65 |
| 43 | 63 | Szonja Hozmann | Hungary | 1:11.47 | 47 | 1:14.84 | 45 | 2:26.31 | +19.18 |
| 44 | 70 | Maria Constantin | Romania | 1:12.78 | 53 | 1:14.09 | 43 | 2:26.87 | +19.74 |
| 45 | 71 | Maria-Eleni Tsiovolou | Greece | 1:13.23 | 54 | 1:15.13 | 46 | 2:28.36 | +21.23 |
| 46 | 57 | Ida Sofie Bunsov Brøns | Denmark | 1:13.72 | 55 | 1:14.78 | 44 | 2:28.50 | +21.37 |
| 47 | 64 | Diana Andreea Renţea | Romania | 1:14.18 | 56 | 1:15.66 | 47 | 2:29.84 | +22.71 |
| 48 | 73 | Brigitta Junia | Hungary | 1:14.98 | 58 | 1:16.20 | 49 | 2:31.18 | +24.05 |
| 49 | 74 | Hanna Majtényi | Hungary | 1:15.30 | 59 | 1:16.19 | 48 | 2:31.49 | +24.46 |
| 50 | 82 | Ioana Corlățeanu | Romania | 1:15.97 | 60 | 1:17.95 | 50 | 2:33.92 | +26.79 |
| 51 | 75 | Joyce ten Raa | Luxembourg | 1:14.34 | 57 | 1:24.61 | 51 | 2:38.95 | +31.82 |
|  | 1 | Tessa Worley | France | 1:02.66 | 2 | Did not finish | | | |
| | 26 | Julia Scheib | Austria | 1:04.56 | 18 | |
| | 46 | Romane Miradoli | France | 1:05.73 | 31 | |
| | 34 | Alex Tilley | Great Britain | 1:06.16 | 34 | |
| | 45 | Beatrice Sola | Italy | 1:06.29 | 37 | |
| | 62 | Ania Monica Caill | Romania | 1:11.49 | 48 | |
| | 60 | Yuliia Makovetska | Ukraine | 1:11.99 | 51 | |
|  | 40 | Magdalena Łuczak | Poland | 1:06.20 | 36 | Did not start | | | |
| | 54 | Nino Tsiklauri | Georgia | 1:11.89 | 50 | |
|  | 85 | Frīda Saļņikova | Latvia | 1:15.99 | 61 | Did not qualify | | | |
| | 76 | Samanta Līcīte | Latvia | 1:16.49 | 62 | |
| | 65 | Manon Ouiass | Lebanon | 1:16.92 | 63 | |
| | 61 | Tess Arbez | Ireland | 1:17.08 | 64 | |
| | 93 | Élise Pellegrin | Malta | 1:17.25 | 65 | |
| | 94 | Maria Nikoleta Kaltsogianni | Greece | 1:18.00 | 66 | |
| | 79 | Maja Tadić | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1:18.34 | 67 | |
| | 109 | Carlie Maria Iskandar | Lebanon | 1:19.30 | 68 | |
| | 78 | Ariana Haben Ribeiro | Portugal | 1:20.46 | 69 | |
| | 84 | Nikolina Dragoljević | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1:21.11 | 70 | |
| | 80 | Kiana Kryeziu | Kosovo | 1:21.61 | 71 | |
| | 88 | Lee Wen-yi | Chinese Taipei | 1:21.83 | 72 | |
| | 103 | Ester Bako | Albania | 1:23.10 | 73 | |
| | 87 | Ma Yongqi | China | 1:23.38 | 74 | |
| | 101 | Pan Yu | China | 1:26.00 | 75 | |
| | 92 | Christina Tzimpa | Greece | 1:26.05 | 76 | |
| | 112 | Olga Paliutkina | Kyrgyzstan | 1:26.20 | 77 | |
| | 100 | Teodora Filipović | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1:26.41 | 78 | |
| | 97 | Maryam Kiashemshaki | Iran | 1:26.75 | 79 | |
| | 90 | Sadaf Saveh-Shemshaki | Iran | 1:27.01 | 80 | |
| | 107 | Sara Zeidan | Lebanon | 1:27.02 | 81 | |
| | 96 | Marjan Kalhor | Iran | 1:28.93 | 82 | |
| | 108 | Rano Imonkulova | Uzbekistan | 1:29.24 | 83 | |
| | 111 | Chloe Cornu-Wong | Hong Kong | 1:29.75 | 84 | |
| | 105 | Zahra Alizadeh | Iran | 1:30.26 | 85 | |
| | 104 | Enxhi Sefaj | Kosovo | 1:32.00 | 86 | |
| | 102 | Thaleia Armeni | Cyprus | 1:32.04 | 87 | |
| | 110 | Chiara di Camillo | Albania | 1:33.70 | 88 | |
| | 95 | Arba Pupovci | Kosovo | 1:33.76 | 89 | |
| | 106 | Nicole Samaha | Lebanon | 1:33.82 | 90 | |
| | 91 | Aanchal Thakur | India | 1:34.25 | 91 | |
| | 114 | Sandhya Sandhya | India | 1:45.23 | 92 | |
| | 113 | Celine Marti | Haiti | 2:01.50 | 93 | |
|  | 13 | Ricarda Haaser | Austria | Did not finish | | | | | |
| | 16 | Paula Moltzan | United States | |
| | 21 | Andrea Ellenberger | Switzerland | |
| | 31 | Kira Weidle | Germany | |
| | 33 | Jessica Hilzinger | Germany | |
| | 35 | Hilma Lövblom | Sweden | |
| | 37 | Hanna Aronsson Elfman | Sweden | |
| | 44 | Noa Szőllős | Israel | |
| | 47 | Zuzanna Czapska | Poland | |
| | 66 | Jana Atanasovska | North Macedonia | |
| | 68 | Katla Björg Dagbjartsdóttir | Iceland | |
| | 69 | Kristiane Rør Madsen | Denmark | |
| | 72 | Liene Bondare | Latvia | |
| | 77 | Ornella Oettl Reyes | Peru | |
| | 81 | Luo Mingxiu | China | |
| | 83 | Iva Nikolić | Serbia | |
| | 86 | Zhang Dingyue | China | |
| | 89 | Rafailia Palantza | Greece | |
| | 98 | Albina Ivanova | Kyrgyzstan | |
| | 99 | Valeriya Kovaleva | Uzbekistan | |
|  | 55 | Sarah Schleper | Mexico | Disqualified | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2023
at the Women's giant slalom | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Roc de Fer |
| Location | Méribel, France |
| Dates | 16 February |
| Competitors | 114 from 52 nations |
| Winning time | 2:07.13 |
| Medalists | |
| United States  Italy  Norway | |
|


title: FM-index

abstract: In computer science, an FM-index is a compressed full-text substring index based on the Burrows–Wheeler transform, with some similarities to the suffix array. It was created by Paolo Ferragina and Giovanni Manzini, who describe it as an opportunistic data structure as it allows compression of the input text while still permitting fast substring queries. The name stands for Full-text index in Minute space. It can be used to efficiently find the number of occurrences of a pattern within the compressed text, as well as locate the position of each occurrence. The query time, as well as the required storage space, has a sublinear complexity with respect to the size of the input data. The original authors have devised improvements to their original approach and dubbed it "FM-Index version 2". A further improvement, the alphabet-friendly FM-index, combines the use of compression boosting and wavelet trees to significantly reduce the space usage for large alphabets. The FM-index has found use in, among other places, bioinformatics.

text:
# FM-index

In computer science, an **FM-index** is a compressed full-text substring index based on the Burrows–Wheeler transform, with some similarities to the suffix array. It was created by Paolo Ferragina and Giovanni Manzini, who describe it as an opportunistic data structure as it allows compression of the input text while still permitting fast substring queries. The name stands for Full-text index in Minute space.

It can be used to efficiently find the number of occurrences of a pattern within the compressed text, as well as locate the position of each occurrence. The query time, as well as the required storage space, has a sublinear complexity with respect to the size of the input data.

The original authors have devised improvements to their original approach and dubbed it "FM-Index version 2". A further improvement, the alphabet-friendly FM-index, combines the use of compression boosting and wavelet trees to significantly reduce the space usage for large alphabets.

The FM-index has found use in, among other places, bioinformatics.

## Background

Using an index is a common strategy to efficiently search a large body of text. When the text is larger than what reasonably fits within a computer's main memory, there is a need to compress not only the text but also the index. When the FM-index was introduced, there were several suggested solutions that were based on traditional compression methods and tried to solve the compressed matching problem. In contrast, the FM-index is a compressed self-index, which means that it compresses the data and indexes it at the same time.

## FM-index data structure

An FM-index is created by first taking the Burrows–Wheeler transform (BWT) of the input text. For example, the BWT of the string T = "abracadabra$" is "ard$rcaaaabb", and here it is represented by the matrix M where each row is a rotation of the text, and the rows have been sorted lexicographically. The transform corresponds to the concatenation of the characters from the last column (labeled L).

| I | F |  | L |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | $ | abracadabr | a |
| 2 | a | $abracadab | r |
| 3 | a | bra$abraca | d |
| 4 | a | bracadabra | $ |
| 5 | a | cadabra$ab | r |
| 6 | a | dabra$abra | c |
| 7 | b | ra$abracad | a |
| 8 | b | racadabra$ | a |
| 9 | c | adabra$abr | a |
| 10 | d | abra$abrac | a |
| 11 | r | a$abracada | b |
| 12 | r | acadabra$a | b |

The BWT in itself allows for some compression with, for instance, move to front and Huffman encoding, but the transform has even more uses. The rows in the matrix are essentially the sorted suffixes of the text and the first column F of the matrix shares similarities with suffix arrays. How the suffix array relates to the BWT lies at the heart of the FM-index.

| It is possible to make a last-to-first column mapping LF(i) from an index i to an index j, such that F\[j\] = L\[i\], with the help of a table C\[c\] and a function Occ(c, k).
* C\[c\] is a table that, for each character c in the alphabet, contains the number of occurrences of lexically smaller characters in the text. * The function Occ(c, k) is the number of occurrences of character c in the prefix L\[1..k\]. Ferragina and Manzini showed that it is possible to compute Occ(c, k) in constant time. | C\[c\] of "ard$rcaaaabb" c $ a b c d r  C\[c\] 0 1 6 8 9 10 |
| --- | --- |

| The last-to-first mapping can now be defined as LF(i) = C\[L\[i\]\] + Occ(L\[i\], i). For instance, on row 9, L is a and the same a can be found on row 5 in the first column F, so LF(9) should be 5 and LF(9) = C\[a\] + Occ(a, 9) = 5. For any row i of the matrix, the character in the last column L\[i\] precedes the character in the first column F\[i\] also in T. Finally, if L\[i\] = T\[k\], then L\[LF(i)\] = T\[k - 1\], and using the equality it is possible to extract a string of T from L.
The FM-index itself is a compression of the string L together with C and Occ in some form, as well as information that maps a selection of indices in L to positions in the original string T. | Occ(c, k) of "ard$rcaaaabb" a r d $ r c a a a a b b  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12  $ 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  a 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 5 5  b 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2  c 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  d 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  r 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 |
| --- | --- |

## Count

The operation *count* takes a pattern P\[1..p\] and returns the number of occurrences of that pattern in the original text T. Since the rows of matrix M are sorted, and it contains every suffix of T, the occurrences of pattern P will be next to each other in a single continuous range. The operation iterates backwards over the pattern. For every character in the pattern, the range that has the character as a suffix is found. For example, the count of the pattern "bra" in "abracadabra" follows these steps:

1. The first character we look for is a, the last character in the pattern. The initial range is set to \[C\[a\] + 1 .. C\[a+1\]\] = \[2..6\]. This range over L represents every character of T that has a suffix beginning with *a*.
2. The next character to look for is r. The new range is \[C\[r\] + Occ(r, start-1) + 1 .. C\[r\] + Occ(r, end)\] = \[10 + 0 + 1 .. 10 + 2\] = \[11..12\], if start is the index of the beginning of the range and end is the end. This range over L is all the characters of T that have suffixes beginning with *ra*.
3. The last character to look at is b. The new range is \[C\[b\] + Occ(b, start-1) + 1 .. C\[b\] + Occ(b, end)\] = \[6 + 0 + 1 .. 6 + 2\] = \[7..8\]. This range over L is all the characters that have a suffix that begins with *bra*. Now that the whole pattern has been processed, the count is the same as the size of the range: 8 - 7 + 1 = 2.

If the range becomes empty or the range boundaries cross each other before the whole pattern has been looked up, the pattern does not occur in T. Because Occ(c, k) can be performed in constant time, count can complete in linear time in the length of the pattern: O(p) time.

## Locate

The operation *locate* takes as input an index of a character in L and returns its position i in T. For instance locate(7) = 8. To locate every occurrence of a pattern, first the range of character is found whose suffix is the pattern in the same way the *count* operation found the range. Then the position of every character in the range can be located.

To map an index in L to one in T, a subset of the indices in L are associated with a position in T. If L\[j\] has a position associated with it, locate(j) is trivial. If it's not associated, the string is followed with LF(i) until an associated index is found. By associating a suitable number of indices, an upper bound can be found. *Locate* can be implemented to find *occ* occurrences of a pattern P\[1..*p*\] in a text T\[1..*u*\] in O(*p* \+ *occ* logε *u*) time with $O\left(H\_{k}(T)+{{\log \log u} \over {\log ^{\epsilon }u}\right)}$ bits per input symbol for any *k*  0.

## Applications

### DNA read mapping

FM index with backtracking has been successfully (\>2000 citations) applied to approximate string matching/sequence alignment, See Bowtie http://bowtie-bio.sourceforge.net/index.shtml


title: FTSE/CoreCommodity CRB Index

abstract:
The FTSE/CoreCommodity CRB Index is a commodity futures price index. It was first calculated by Commodity Research Bureau, Inc. in 1957 and made its inaugural appearance in the 1958 CRB Commodity Year Book. The Index was originally composed of 28 commodities, 26 of which were traded on exchanges in the U.S. and Canada, and two cash markets. It included barley and flaxseed from the Winnipeg exchange; cocoa, coffee "B", copper, cotton, cottonseed oil, grease wool, hides, lead, potatoes, rubber, sugar #4, sugar #6, wool tops and zinc from New York exchanges; and corn, eggs, lard, oats, onions, rye, soybeans, soybean meal, soybean oil and wheat from Chicago exchanges. In addition to those 26 markets, the Index also included the spot New Orleans cotton and Minneapolis wheat markets which were added to balance some commodities repeated in the Index as by-products of other commodities. The original base period was 1947-49, the same as the Bureau of Labor Statistics Spot Market Index. This was purposely done to facilitate easy comparison of both spot and futures indexes. The FTSE/CoreCommodity CRB Index was originally designed to provide dynamic representation of broad trends in overall commodity prices. In order to ensure that it continued to fulfill that role, its components and formula have been periodically adjusted to reflect changes in market structure and activity. Since 1957, there have been ten revisions to Index components. The first was in 1961 and the latest in 2005. In the original calculation, all future deliveries up to a year ahead were averaged to calculate the current price. In 1987, the calculation was changed to only include deliveries nine months forward. In 1989, all non-cycle months were excluded from the calculation. The 1995 revision lowers the number of forward deliveries included to those within six months of the current date, up to a maximum of five delivery months per commodity. However, a minimum of two delivery months must be used to calculate the current price, even if the second contract is outside of the six-month window. There has also been a continuous adjustment of the individual components used in calculating the Index since the original 28 were chosen in 1957. All of these changes have been part of the continuing effort of LSEG to ensure that its value provides accurate representation of broad commodity price trends. It currently is made up of 19 commodities as quoted on the NYMEX, CBOT, LME, CME and COMEX exchanges. These are sorted into 4 groups, each with different weightings. These groups are:
  - Petroleum based products
  - Liquid assets
  - Highly liquid assets
  - Diverse commodities. The index comprises 19 commodities: aluminum, cocoa, coffee, copper, corn, cotton, crude oil, gold, heating oil, Lean Hogs, live cattle, natural gas, nickel, orange juice, silver, soybeans, sugar, unleaded gas and wheat. The tenth revision of the index renamed it the FTSE/Core Commodity CRB Index, or FTSE/CC CRB.

text:
# FTSE/CoreCommodity CRB Index

**The FTSE/CoreCommodity CRB Index (FTSE/CC CRB)** is a commodity futures price index. It was first calculated by Commodity Research Bureau, Inc. in 1957 and made its inaugural appearance in the 1958 CRB Commodity Year Book.

The Index was originally composed of 28 commodities, 26 of which were traded on exchanges in the U.S. and Canada, and two cash markets. It included barley and flaxseed from the Winnipeg exchange; cocoa, coffee "B", copper, cotton, cottonseed oil, grease wool, hides, lead, potatoes, rubber, sugar #4, sugar #6, wool tops and zinc from New York exchanges; and corn, eggs, lard, oats, onions, rye, soybeans, soybean meal, soybean oil and wheat from Chicago exchanges. In addition to those 26 markets, the Index also included the spot New Orleans cotton and Minneapolis wheat markets which were added to balance some commodities repeated in the Index as by-products of other commodities.

The original base period was 1947-49, the same as the Bureau of Labor Statistics Spot Market Index. This was purposely done to facilitate easy comparison of both spot and futures indexes.

The FTSE/CoreCommodity CRB Index (FTSE/CC CRB) was originally designed to provide dynamic representation of broad trends in overall commodity prices. In order to ensure that it continued to fulfill that role, its components and formula have been periodically adjusted to reflect changes in market structure and activity. Since 1957, there have been ten revisions to Index components. The first was in 1961 and the latest in 2005.

In the original calculation, all future deliveries up to a year ahead were averaged to calculate the current price. In 1987, the calculation was changed to only include deliveries nine months forward. In 1989, all non-cycle months were excluded from the calculation.

The 1995 revision lowers the number of forward deliveries included to those within six months of the current date, up to a maximum of five delivery months per commodity. However, a minimum of two delivery months must be used to calculate the current price, even if the second contract is outside of the six-month window.

There has also been a continuous adjustment of the individual components used in calculating the Index since the original 28 were chosen in 1957. All of these changes have been part of the continuing effort of LSEG to ensure that its value provides accurate representation of broad commodity price trends.

It currently is made up of 19 commodities as quoted on the NYMEX, CBOT, LME, CME and COMEX exchanges. These are sorted into 4 groups, each with different weightings. These groups are:

* Petroleum based products (based on their importance to global trade, always make up 33% of the weightings)
* Liquid assets
* Highly liquid assets
* Diverse commodities.

The index comprises 19 commodities: aluminum, cocoa, coffee, copper, corn, cotton, crude oil, gold, heating oil, Lean Hogs, live cattle, natural gas, nickel, orange juice, silver, soybeans, sugar, unleaded gas and wheat.

The tenth revision of the index renamed it the FTSE/Core Commodity CRB Index, or FTSE/CC CRB.


title: FZR1

abstract: Fizzy-related protein homolog, also known as hCDH1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FZR1 gene.

text:
# FZR1

**Fizzy-related protein homolog**, also known as **hCDH1**, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *FZR1* gene.

## Interactions

FZR1 has been shown to interact with CDC27 and FBXO5.

## Further reading

* Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: *Q9UM11* (Fizzy-related protein homolog) at the PDBe-KB.

## InfoBox

| FZR1 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Available structures  PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | FZR1, CDC20C, CDH1, FZR, FZR2, HCDH, HCDH1, fizzy/cell division cycle 20 related 1, fizzy and cell division cycle 20 related 1 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 603619; MGI: 1926790; HomoloGene: 9444; GeneCards: FZR1; OMA:FZR1 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001136197
NM\_001136198
NM\_016263   NM\_019757   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001129669
NP\_001129670
NP\_057347   NP\_062731   Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 3.51 – 3.54 Mb Chr 10: 81.2 – 81.21 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Fahad Al-Shammari

abstract: Fahad Al-Shammari is a Saudi Arabian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper. He was a reserve goalkeeper for Al Hilal in the 2009 AFC Champions League group stages.

text:
# Fahad Al-Shammari

**Fahad Al-Shammari** (Arabic: فهد الشمري; born May 5, 1981, in Riyadh) is a Saudi Arabian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper .

He was a reserve goalkeeper for Al Hilal in the 2009 AFC Champions League group stages.

## InfoBox

Fahad Al-Shammari
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Fahad Al-Shammari | | |
| Date of birth | (1981-05-05) May 5, 1981 | | |
| Place of birth | Haʼil, Saudi Arabia | | |
| Height | 1.81 m (5 ft 11+12 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2000–2001 | Al-Ta'ee | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2001–2006 | Al-Ta'ee |  |  |
| 2005 | Al-Ahli (loan) | 0 | (0) |
| 2006–2014 | Al-Hilal | 2 | (0) |
| 2009–2010 | Al-Qadisiyah (loan) |  |  |
| 2014–2016 | Al-Raed | 26 | (0) |
| 2016–2017 | Al-Taawon | 19 | (0) |
| 2017–2020 | Al-Fayha | 7 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 12 April 2018 | | | |


abstract: Fahrenheit's Fantasy World Tour Taipei Special is Taiwanese Mandopop quartet boy band Fahrenheit's first concert DVD album. It was recorded during the concerts held on 24 and 25 October 2009 at Taipei Arena, Taiwan. The album features songs from their first three studio albums, from their debut album, Fahrenheit in 2006 to Love You More and More in 2009, as well as other performances. Two versions of the album were released on 8 January 2010 by HIM International Music in a two DVD format: Fahrenheit's Fantasy World Tour Taipei Special and Fahrenheit's Fantasy World Tour Taipei Special. The album debuted at number one on Taiwan's G-Music Weekly Top 20 Audio/Video Chart (影音榜) at week 2 with a percentage sales of 24.32%. It peaked at number one for one week and charted continuously in the Top 20 for 14 weeks.

text:
# Fahrenheit's Fantasy World Tour Taipei Special

***Fahrenheit's Fantasy World Tour Taipei Special*** (Chinese: 飛輪海想入飛飛演唱会台北旗艦場) is Taiwanese Mandopop quartet boy band Fahrenheit's (Chinese: 飛輪海) first concert DVD album. It was recorded during the concerts held on 24 and 25 October 2009 at Taipei Arena, Taiwan. The album features songs from their first three studio albums, from their debut album, *Fahrenheit* in 2006 to *Love You More and More* in 2009, as well as other performances.

Two versions of the album were released on 8 January 2010 by HIM International Music in a two DVD format: *Fahrenheit's Fantasy World Tour Taipei Special (Black and White Edition)* (飛輪海想入飛飛演唱會台北旗艦場DVD 黑白風尚版) and *Fahrenheit's Fantasy World Tour Taipei Special (Silver and White Edition)* (飛輪海想入飛飛演唱會台北旗艦場DVD 銀白激帥版).

The album debuted at number one on Taiwan's G-Music Weekly Top 20 Audio/Video Chart (影音榜) at week 2 (8–14 January 2010) with a percentage sales of 24.32%. It peaked at number one for one week and charted continuously in the Top 20 for 14 weeks.

## Track listing

### DVD 1

1. Opening：Future
2. "出神入化" (Superb)
3. "我有我的Young" (I Have My Young)
4. Talking 1
5. "心裡有數" (In Our Hearts We Know)
6. "寂寞暴走" (Lonesome Sprint)
7. Rock Intro
8. "超喜歡你" (Really Like You)
9. "越來越愛" (Love You More and More)
10. Talking 2
11. "自由" - Jiro Wang Solo (Freedom)
12. Talking 3
13. "一個人流浪" (Wandering Alone)
14. Talking 4
15. "Ti Amo" - Aaron Yan Solo
16. "一路上有你" - Aaron Yan Solo
17. Old School Medley："My Girl" / "老實情歌" / "暗戀你" (Secretly Love You) - Cantonese song by Jacky Cheung / "Uptown Girl"
18. "不會愛" (Cannot Love)
19. "至少還有我" (At Least You Still Have Me)
20. Fighting Intro
21. "劍舞擊鼓" - Wu Chun Solo (Drum)
22. "不死之謎" (The Secret of Immortality)
23. "恆星" (Shining Star)
24. "最佳聽眾" (The Best Listener)
25. Fantasy Intro
26. "小小大人物" (Little VIP)
27. Talking 5
28. "Touch Your Heart" - Taiwan Tourism theme song
29. "愛到" (To Love)
30. Talking 6
31. B-Box - Calvin Chen Solo
32. "愛的王道" (Love's Royalty)
33. "夏雪" (Summer Snow)
34. "為你存在" (Existing For You)

### DVD 2

1. Encore
2. DJ Scratch & Dance - Calvin Chen Solo
3. "只對你有感覺" (Only Have Feelings For You)
4. "美麗新世界" (Genesis)
5. "新窩" (New Home)
6. Talking 7
7. "留下來" (Stay With Me)

#### Bonus

1. Fahrenheit's Fantasy World Tour Asia behind-the-scenes (想入飛飛飛越亞洲 幕後實錄)
2. Fahrenheit's Fantasy World Tour Main Theme (想入飛飛組曲)

## InfoBox

| Fahrenheit’s Fantasy World Tour Taipei Special | |
| --- | --- |
| *Fahrenheit's Fantasy World Tour Taipei Special (Black and White Edition)* | |
| Video 飛輪海想入飛飛演唱會台北旗艦場 by Fahrenheit | |
| Released | 8 January 2010 |
| Recorded | 2425 October 2009 |
| Genre | Mandopop |
| Length | 150:00 |
| Language | Mandarin |
| Label | HIM International Music |
| Fahrenheit chronology | |
| *Love You More and More*
(2009) ***Fahrenheit’s Fantasy World Tour Taipei Special***
(2010) *Super Hot*
(2010) | |
|  | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Fabio Roli

abstract: Fabio Roli is a Full Professor of Computer Engineering at the University of Genova, he previously was with the University of Cagliari, Italy. He is Founding Director of the Pattern Recognition and Applications laboratory at the University of Cagliari. He was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2012 for contributions to multiple classifier systems. Roli was also named a fellow of the International Association for Pattern Recognition in 2004 for contributions to pattern recognition and its applications and multiple classifier systems. He is a recipient of the Pierre Devijver Award for his contributions to statistical pattern recognition.

text:
# Fabio Roli

**Fabio Roli** is a Full Professor of Computer Engineering at the University of Genova, he previously was with the University of Cagliari, Italy. He is Founding Director of the Pattern Recognition and Applications laboratory at the University of Cagliari. He was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2012 *for contributions to multiple classifier systems*. Roli was also named a fellow of the International Association for Pattern Recognition in 2004 for contributions to pattern recognition and its applications and multiple classifier systems. He is a recipient of the Pierre Devijver Award for his contributions to statistical pattern recognition.


title: Eustache Chartier de Lotbinière

abstract: Louis-Eustache Chartier de Lotbinière, Seigneur de Lotbinière; Member of the Sovereign Council of New France; Keeper of the Seals of New France; Vicar-General, Archdeacon and the first Canadian-born Dean of Notre-Dame Basilica-Cathedral, Quebec.

text:
# Eustache Chartier de Lotbinière

**Louis-Eustache Chartier de Lotbinière** (December 14, 1688  February 12, 1749), Seigneur de Lotbinière; Member of the Sovereign Council of New France; Keeper of the Seals of New France; Vicar-General, Archdeacon and the first Canadian-born Dean of Notre-Dame Basilica-Cathedral, Quebec.

## Birth

Born at Maison Lotbinière, Quebec City, 14 December 1688. He was the son of René-Louis Chartier de Lotbinière and his wife Marie-Madeleine Lambert du Mont (1662–1695), daughter of Eustache Lambert du Mont (1618–1673), Seigneur and Commandant of the Quebec Militia. He was a first cousin of Pierre François de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal, the last Governor General of New France, and the uncle of Louis-Philippe Mariauchau d'Esgly, 8th Bishop of Quebec. His own maternal uncle was married to the only daughter of Daniel de Remy de Courcelle, Governor General of New France.

## Early career

He was educated at the Jesuit's College, Quebec. With his two other brothers already in the church, his father desired for him to continue in the judicial positions that he and his father had held. In 1710, Louis XIV of France appointed him a Councillor of the Sovereign Council of New France. Six years later, the Intendant of New France, Michel Bégon de la Picardière, granted him the commission of Keeper of the Seals of New France, which was confirmed by the King in 1717.

Like his father, the authorities in France also held high hopes that he would go on to occupy the same posts that his father and grandfather had held before him. Within the Sovereign Council of New France he quickly distinguished himself by his competence, integrity and innate sense of justice, and temporarily served as Attorney General. In 1719, his cousin, Pierre François de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal, put his name forward to be Chief Councillor of the Sovereign Council of New France, but the Intendant, Michel Bégon de la Picardière, withdrew his support as on more than one occasion de Lotbinière had opposed attempts to interfere with decrees which the intendant wanted to have changed. De Lotbinière did not get the promotion, and in 1722, his antagonism with Bégon was again evident when the intendant wrote of him that he "thinks that he knows as much as the most diligent. He is very fond of pleasure and not too fond of work".

He had inherited the Seigneury of Lotbinière, rendering fealty and homage in 1724, and he also held land in the Seigneury of Maure. In 1717, he had started the construction of a large stone church at Lotbinière, with the help of his brother, Father Valentin, who was the parish priest there. In 1722, he was appointed general agent at Quebec for the Compagnie de l'Occident.

## The Church

In 1723, his wife died on giving birth to their eighth child, the future Marquis de Lotbinière. This event prompted him to pursue a life in Holy Orders (Catholic Church). In consequence of his already official duties, he learned theology through either his brother, Father Valentin, or Jean-Baptiste de La Croix de Chevrières de Saint-Vallier, who held Eustache in high esteem. He was ordained into the Priesthood (Catholic Church) in 1726, and only four days after this event the Bishop of Quebec appointed him Canon (priest) and Archdeacon, which was followed a few months later to his appointment as Vicar general to the Bishop. He resigned from the Compagnie de l'Occident, but Louis XV of France allowed him to retain his position on the Sovereign Council of New France as a lay councillor, on condition that he abstain from attending trials of criminal cases and relinquish his office as Keeper of the Seals.

## Family

In 1711, he married Marie-Françoise (1693–1723), daughter of Captain François-Marie Renaud d'Avène des Meloizes and Françoise-Thérèse (b.1670), daughter of Nicholas Dupont de Neuville (1632–1716). His wife's brother, Nicolas-Marie (1696–1743), married his sister, Angélique Chartier de Lotbinière (1692–1772), and their son inherited the Marquisate de Fresnoy. Eustache and Marie-Françoise de Lotbinière were survived by five children,

* Gagné, Armand (1974). "Chartier de Lotbinière, Eustache (1688-1749)". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). *Dictionary of Canadian Biography*. Vol. III (1741–1770) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.

## InfoBox

| Eustache Chartier de Lotbinière | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Councillor of the Sovereign Council of New France | |
| **In office**
1710–1749 | |
| Keeper of the Seals of New France | |
| **In office**
1717–1726 | |
| Dean of Notre-Dame Cathedral, Quebec | |
| **In office**
1738–1749 | |
| Preceded by | Louis Bertrand de la Tour |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1688-12-14)December 14, 1688
Maison Lotbinière, Québec City |
| Died | February 14, 1749(1749-02-14) (aged 60)
Hôpital-Général de Québec |
| Spouse | Marie-Françoise Renaud d’Avène des Meloizes |
| Residence | Duke of Kent House, Quebec |
| Occupation | Seigneur de Lotbinière |
|  | |


title: Strontium phosphide

abstract: Strontium phosphide is an inorganic compound of strontium and phosphorus with the chemical formula Sr3P2. The compound looks like black crystalline material.

text:
# Strontium phosphide

**Strontium phosphide** is an inorganic compound of strontium and phosphorus with the chemical formula Sr
3P
2. The compound looks like black crystalline material.

## Synthesis

Heating strontium phosphate with soot in an arc furnace:

$$\ce {Sr3(PO4)2 + 8C -\> Sr3P2 + 8CO}$$

Reaction of strontium with red phosphorus at high temperature:

$$\ce {6Sr + P4 -\> 2Sr3P2}$$

## Physical properties

Strontium phosphide forms black crystals.

Thermally stable, melts at high temperatures.

Dangerous when wet, poison.

## Chemical properties

Decomposes with water releasing phosphine:

$$\ce {Sr3P2 + 2H2O -\> 3Sr(OH)2 + 2PH3}$$

Reacts with acids:

$$\ce {Sr3P2 + 6HCl -\> 3SrCl2 + 2PH3}$$

## Uses

It is a highly reactive substance used as a reagent and in the manufacture of chemically reactive devices.

## InfoBox

Strontium phosphide
| Names | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names Tristrontium diphosphide | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.032.422 |
| EC Number | * 235-678-9 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UN number | 2013 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/2P.3Sr/q2\*-3;3\*+2Key: ATAJSUOOOWSVGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
| SMILES * \[P-3\].\[P-3\].\[Sr+2\].\[Sr+2\].\[Sr+2\] | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | P2Sr3 |
| Molar mass | 324.8 |
| Appearance | Black crystalline material |
| Density | 2.68 g/cm3 |
| Solubility in water | Decomposes in water |
| Structure | |
| Crystal structure | cubic |
| Related compounds | |
| Other anions | Calcium phosphide
Barium phosphide |
| Other cations | Strontium nitride
Strontium arsenide |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Campbell Live

abstract: Campbell Live was a half-hour-long New Zealand current affairs programme that aired Monday–Friday at 7pm on TV3 and was hosted by John Campbell. Campbell Live conducted interviews of various notable personalities, including Al Gore, Robert Fisk, Tony Blair, as well as an array of celebrities, including Adam Lambert and Metallica.

text:
# Campbell Live

***Campbell Live*** was a half-hour-long New Zealand current affairs programme that aired Monday–Friday at 7pm (following 3 News) on TV3 and was hosted by John Campbell. *Campbell Live* conducted interviews of various notable personalities, including Al Gore, Robert Fisk, Tony Blair, as well as an array of celebrities, including Adam Lambert and Metallica.

## History

TV3 announced plans to start a 7pm current affairs show in November 2004 after Paul Holmes, who presented a current affairs show called *Holmes* on TV1, left the state broadcaster to host a similar show on Prime.

*Campbell Live* started production in February 2005, after John Campbell and Carol Hirschfeld left their 3 News presenter positions to host and produce, respectively, the current affairs show. The show launched on 21 March 2005, with the first story being about fake drivers licences being given to people of Asian descent.

Hirschfeld left her position as Executive Producer in September 2009, and was replaced by former *Holmes* producer Pip Keane.

On 9 April 2015 TV3 owner MediaWorks announced the show is under review due to declining ratings, weeks after the show celebrated 10 years on the air. There was talk of dropping of the show and rumours that the show would be replaced with a show similar to Jono and Ben. The following day the show reported its highest ratings for 2015 after many viewers showed their support for the show by watching the show and posting photos on a Facebook Event page of their TV screening Campbell Live. A petition at website Action Station has over 63,000 signatures as at 12 April 2015 to save the show.

On 21 May 2015 TV3 announced (on Budget day) that the show was to be axed, and replaced by a Monday to Thursday current affairs programme to follow the news. It was also announced that Campbell had decided to leave TV3, despite having been offered a position co-hosting a replacement current affairs programme.

On 29 May 2015, the show's final episode was aired.

## Awards

*Campbell Live* won two awards at the 2006 Qantas Television Awards including Best Current Affairs Series. The second award was for the Best News or Current Affairs Presenter for John Campbell.

At the 2010 Qantas Television Awards, *Campbell Live* received three awards, one for Best Current Affairs Editing, one for Best Current Affairs Reporting and John Campbell again won for Best News or Current Affairs Presenter.

At the 2011 Aotearoa Film and Television Awards, *Campbell Live* received an award for investigation of the year for their work tracking the Samoan tsunami relief funds – presented to host John Campbell, Executive Producer Pip Keane and Producer Claudine MacLean.

*Campbell Live* has also won The TV Guide Best on the Box People's Choice Award for Best Current Affairs Show from 2011 to 2014 and Best Presenter from 2010 to 2014.

*Campbell Live* cameraman Grant Findlay won a 2016 Gold Award for Cinematography at the inaugural NZCS (New Zealand Cinematographers Society) Awards for "One night with a St John crew" – story with Ali Ikram, edited by Sarah Rowan; Campbell Live Series 10: Episode 47 – 'News and Current Affairs' category.

## Notable staff

## InfoBox

| *Campbell Live* | |
| --- | --- |
| Show's title card (2013) | |
| Presented by | John Campbell |
| Country of origin | New Zealand |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Pip Keane |
| Producers | * Jayne Devine * Zoe Duffy * Vanessa Forrest * Marise Hurley * Kate McCallum |
| Production locations | 3 News Studio, Auckland |
| Editors | * Sarah Rowan * Emily Samonta * Lee Thompson |
| Running time | 20–25 minutes |
| Production company | MediaWorks New Zealand |
| Original release | |
| Network | TV3 |
| Release | 21 March 2005 (2005-03-21) <br>29 May 2015 (2015-05-29) |
| Related | |
|  | |