title: Sole Power

abstract: Sole Power is a British-bred, Irish-trained Thoroughbred racehorse. A specialist sprinter, he won twelve of his sixty-five races and competed in five different countries in a nine-year racing career. He is unique in being a dual winner of both the King's Stand Stakes at Royal Ascot and the Nunthorpe Stakes at York. His racing style is distinctive: he is usually restrained by his jockey for most of the race before producing a single burst of acceleration in the closing stages. He won one minor race as a two-year-old but after winning on his debut as a three-year-old he was unplaced in his next four races before recording a 100/1 upset victory in the 2010 Nunthorpe Stakes. He did not race again that year, but returned as a four-year-old to win the Temple Stakes and finish third in the Prix de l'Abbaye. In 2012 he recorded his only success in the Listed Scarbrough Stakes but was placed in the Al Quoz Sprint, Temple Stakes and King's Stand Stakes. As a six-year-old in 2013, the gelding won the Palace House Stakes and the King's Stand Stakes, finished third in the Nunthorpe and second to the Japanese horse Lord Kanaloa in the Hong Kong Sprint. In 2014 Sole Power was unbeaten in his first three starts, recording repeat wins in the Palace House Stakes, King's Stand Stakes and Nunthorpe Stakes. At the end of 2014 he was named Cartier Champion Sprinter and Irish Horse of the Year.

text:
# Sole Power

**Sole Power** (foaled 18 March 2007) is a British-bred, Irish-trained Thoroughbred racehorse. A specialist sprinter, he won twelve of his sixty-five races and competed in five different countries in a nine-year racing career. He is unique in being a dual winner of both the King's Stand Stakes at Royal Ascot and the Nunthorpe Stakes at York. His racing style is distinctive: he is usually restrained by his jockey for most of the race before producing a single burst of acceleration in the closing stages.

He won one minor race as a two-year-old but after winning on his debut as a three-year-old he was unplaced in his next four races before recording a 100/1 upset victory in the 2010 Nunthorpe Stakes. He did not race again that year, but returned as a four-year-old to win the Temple Stakes and finish third in the Prix de l'Abbaye. In 2012 he recorded his only success in the Listed Scarbrough Stakes but was placed in the Al Quoz Sprint, Temple Stakes and King's Stand Stakes.

As a six-year-old in 2013, the gelding won the Palace House Stakes and the King's Stand Stakes, finished third in the Nunthorpe and second to the Japanese horse Lord Kanaloa in the Hong Kong Sprint. In 2014 Sole Power was unbeaten in his first three starts, recording repeat wins in the Palace House Stakes, King's Stand Stakes and Nunthorpe Stakes. At the end of 2014 he was named Cartier Champion Sprinter and Irish Horse of the Year.

## Background

Sole Power is a small bay gelding with a white blaze bred in England by G. Russell. He was sired by Kyllachy, a top-class sprinter who won the Nunthorpe Stakes in 2002. At stud Kyllachy has sired many successful horses including Twilight Son, the Dubai Golden Shaheen winner Krypton Factor and the Chairman's Sprint Prize winner Dim Sum. Sole Power's dam was the unraced, Kentucky-bred mare Demerger, a daughter of the Sussex Stakes winner Distant View.

In August 2008 the yearling colt was consigned by the Wiltshire-based Hillwood Stud to the sales at Doncaster where he was bought for £32,000 by the Irish trainer Edward Lynam. The horse then passed into the ownership of David and Sabena Power (members of the Power bookmaking family) and was sent into training with Lynam at Dunshaughlin, County Meath.

## Racing career

### 2009: two-year-old season

Sole Power ran six times as a juvenile in 2009, ridden on each occasion by Pat Smullen. After finishing third in a maiden race at the Curragh Racecourse on his debut in June he finished second in a Listed Race at the same course a month later. He was then sent to York Racecourse in England, where he finished third in a valuable "sales race" restricted to horses who had been sold at Doncaster. In Autumn he finished unplaced in the Group Three Cornwallis Stakes at Ascot Racecourse before returning to Ireland for two races on the synthetic track at Dundalk Racecourse in November. He recorded his first success when winning a fourteen-runner maiden race at odds of 4/7, and then finished fourth when odds on favourite for a race over six furlongs. At the end of the season, the colt was gelded on the advice of his trainer.

### 2010: three-year-old season

Sole Power began his three-year-old season by carrying 124 pounds to victory against older horses in a five furlong handicap race at Dundalk in April in a track record time of 57.46 seconds. He failed to reach the first three places in his next four starts: he finished fourth to Equiano in the Palace House Stakes at Newmarket, fifth in a Listed race at Naas, sixth in the Sapphire Stakes at the Curragh, and fifth in the Listed Abergwaun Stakes at Tipperary. On 20 August he was one of twelve sprinters to contest the Nunthorpe Stakes over five furlongs at York. Ridden by Wayne Lordan, he was given little chance and started at odds of 100/1. Lordan restrained the horse in the early stages before making headway in the last quarter mile. He took the lead 75 yards from the finish and won by one and a quarter lengths from the 6/4 favourite Starspangledbanner with another 100/1 outsider, Piccadilly Lily in third. After the race, David Power admitted that he did not expect the horse to finish better than "mid-division", whilst Lynam described the winner as "very, very fast" and "very honest but just, like his trainer, a bit mentally immature."

Sole Power was aimed at the Prix de l'Abbaye at Longchamp Racecourse in October, but was withdrawn from the race on account of the soft ground and did not race again in 2010. Lynam explained: "I'm disappointed to have to take him out, but it was not unexpected. There was a 50-50 chance of a good-ground Abbaye and it obviously wasn't our year. He's coming home from England tonight and will go on his holidays. Maybe he'll get to Longchamp next year."

### 2011: four-year-old season

On his first appearance since his Nunthorpe win, Sole Power was sent to the United Arab Emirates in March 2010 where he finished fourteenth of the sixteen runners behind the South African gelding J J the Jet Plane in the Al Quoz Sprint at Meydan Racecourse. In April he dead-heated for third place in the Palace House Stakes and then travelled to Haydock Park Racecourse for the Temple Stakes three weeks later. The race attracted a great deal of attention as it featured the British debut of the Hungarian sprinter Overdose. Ridden by Keagan Latham, he took the lead a furlong from the finish and held the challenge of Kingsgate Native to win by three quarters of a length, with Overdose unplaced. Lynam expressed his satisfaction at having "proved a few doubters wrong."

Sole Power failed to win in six subsequent races in 2011. He finished unplaced in his first attempt at the King's Stand Stakes, fifth when favourite for the Abergwaun Stakes, second in the Flying Five at the Curragh and twelfth when attempting six furlongs in the Haydock Sprint Cup. His best effort came in the Prix de l'Abbaye at Longchamp in October. Latham found himself trapped on the inside and had to switch sharply to the right to obtain a clear run. Sole Power finished strongly and looked unlucky to be beaten in a three-way photo-finish by the British horses Tangerine Trees and Secret Asset. In December, Sole Power was sent to contest the Hong Kong Sprint at Sha Tin Racecourse where he finished ninth of the fourteen runners behind Lucky Nine.

### 2012: five-year-old season

As in 2012, Sole Power began his season at Meydan, but on this occasion he contested a prep race before tackling the Al Quoz Sprint, finishing second to the Irish-trained mare Invincible Ash in the Meydan Sprint on 10 March. Three weeks later he started 11/2 favourite for the Al Quoz sprint in which he finished second to the Australian mare Ortensia. On his return to Europe he finished second for the third time in succession when he was runner up to Bated Breath in the Temple Stakes after having to be repeatedly switched to obtain a clear run.

In June he was again sent to Royal Ascot for the King's Stand Stakes in which he finished third of the twenty-two runners behind the Hong Kong-trained gelding Little Bridge. In August he ran in his second Nunthorpe Stakes, but after making good progress approaching the final quarter mile he faded in the closing stages to finish seventh behind Ortensia. After losing eleven races in succession, Sole Power was dropped in class for the Listed Scarbrough Stakes at Doncaster Racecourse in September. Ridden by Johnny Murtagh he started the 5/2 favourite and won "very readily" from eleven opponents. On his final appearance of the season he finished fifth behind the French-trained filly Wizz Kid in the Prix de l'Abbaye.

### 2013: six-year-old season

Sole Power returned to Meydan in early 2013 where he finished second to the South African sprinter Shea Shea in the Meydan Sprint and fourth to the same horse in the Al Quoz Sprint. On his return to Europe the gelding ran for the third time in the Palace House Stakes at Newmarket. Ridden by Murtagh, he was restrained in the early stages before taking the lead inside the final furlong to win by a length from Kingsgate Native, with Tangerine Trees in third. It was the horse's first win at Group level for almost two years. After the race, Lynam paid tribute to the winner, saying: "He has brought us all over the world, gives 110 per cent every time. He wants fast ground, five furlongs and when he gets it with a bit of luck in running he is very good." Sole Power started the 11/10 favourite for the Temple Stakes at Haydock on 25 May, but after briefly leading the field he finished fourth behind Kingsgate Native, Swiss Spirit and Reckless Abandon.

On 18 June, Sole Power started at odds of 8/1 for the King's Stand Stakes in a field which included Shea Shea, Kingsgate Native, Reckless Abandon and Swiss Spirit as well as the Newmarket Handicap winner Shamexpress from Australia. Murtagh held the gelding up towards the back of the field, before switching left to race up the stand-side rail inside the final furlong. In the closing strides, Sole Power overhauled Shea Shea, who was racing down the centre of the track, and won the Group One prize by a neck. After the race Murtagh, who was recording his fortieth Royal Ascot win, said of Sole Power: "He's got a great turn of foot if you can just conserve his energy. He's very willing and if he gets going too early he runs out of steam. You've got to time it to the best." Several months after the race, a video clip was posted on YouTube which purported to show Murtagh passing an object to the trainer's wife Sarah Lynam, in the unsaddling enclosure. Comments posted online suggested that the object might have been an electrical "buzzer", a device used to shock a horse into running more quickly. Following an investigation by the British Horseracing Authority, both Murtagh and Lynam were exonerated of any wrongdoing.

In July, Sole Power had his first outing over six furlongs since 2011 when he started at odds of 15/2 for the July Cup at Newmarket. He was drawn on the far left of the eleven runner field and when the starting stalls opened Murtagh held the horse back, before tracking sharply to the right to race along the rails. He made progress approaching the final furlong, but never reached the leaders and finished fifth behind Lethal Force, Society Rock, Slade Power and Shea Shea. Sole Power returned to five furlongs for his third attempt at the Nunthorpe Stakes in August and started the 4/1 second favourite in a field of seventeen. He was restrained at the rear of the field before finishing strongly to take third place, beaten half a length and a nose by the 40/1 outsider Jwala and Shea Shea. After the race Lynam commented "The ground beat him but we kind of knew beforehand it would. It has happened the last few times at York, we just haven't had fast ground here for a few years. He ran well and I am proud of him."

Sole Power was campaigned internationally in the autumn. On 6 October he ran for the third time in the Prix de l'Abbaye and started at odds of 9/1 in a field of 20 runners. He made some progress in the second half of the race but never reached the leaders finishing sixth behind Maarek, another Irish-trained six-year-old. Sole Power ended his season in the Hong Kong Sprint on 8 December. He was held up in the early stages before making steady progress in the straight to finish second, five lengths behind the Japanese champion Lord Kanaloa.

### 2014: seven-year-old season

For the fourth time, Sole Power was sent to Dubai in spring to race at Meydan, but had little success, finishing fourth to Shea Shea in the Meydan Sprint and seventh behind the Hong Kong-trained Amber Sky in the Al Quoz Sprint. On 3 May started 9/4 favourite as he attempted to repeat his 2013 success in the Palace House Stakes. Ridden by Ryan Moore, he had trouble obtaining a clear run approaching the final furlong but when switched right he accelerated to take the lead fifty yards from the finish and won by half a length from Kingsgate Native.

When the gelding returned to Royal Ascot on 17 June he started 5/1 third favourite for the King's Stand Stakes, with the three-year-old Hot Streak, winner of the Temple Stakes, heading the betting from Shea Shea. Richard Hughes became the eighth jockey to partner Sole Power, but the tactics were familiar as the horse was held up before being switched to the outside for a late challenge. The seven-year-old quickened well, took the lead 75 yards from the finish and won by one and a quarter lengths from the 50/1 outsider Stepper Point, with Hot Streak a neck away in third. He became the first horse to win consecutive runnings of the race since Gold Bridge in 1934. After the race, Lynam said "He was the best horse in the race, experience has won him it. This horse has been lucky because he's never had a well-known trainer but he's always had a top-class jockey". Hughes paid tribute to the horse's acceleration, saying "I must have been eight lengths off the leader at halfway. There was loads of room and he just likes to explode". The gelding missed a run in the July Cup after contracting a skin infection described by Lynam as "like ring worm or dermatitis".

On 22 August, Sole Power contested the Nunthorpe Stakes for the fourth time in five years and started the 11/4 favourite in a field of thirteen runners. Shea Shea, Stepper Point and Hot Streak where again among his opponents, along with the King George Stakes winners Moviesta and Take Cover, the Middle Park Stakes winner Astaire and the leading French sprinter Rangali (Prix du Gros Chêne). Hughes employed the usual tactics, but when he attempted to challenge on the stands side (the right side from the jockeys' viewpoint) he found his path blocked and had to switch sharply to the left. Now racing towards the centre of the course, Sole Power again looked likely to be deprived of a clear run in the last hundred yards but squeezed through a gap and gained the advantage in the final strides to win by half a length from Stepper Point. Hughes commented "he's brilliant, he's made for me. When I was 14 or 15 I dreamed of riding horses like this and doing it like that". Explaining the horse's limited 2014 campaign up to that point, Lynam said "we couldn’t train him because of his skin problem, so to come back and do that means he's a very special horse. He's the horse of a lifetime and there's something special about him." Sole Power moved up to six furlongs for the Sprint Cup at Haydock in September and started the 5/2 favourite, but after failing to obtain a clear run a furlong out, he finished fourth behind the three-year-old G-Force.

On 5 October, Sole Power made his fourth attempt to win the Prix de l'Abbaye and started favourite against seventeen opponents. He travelled well but Hughes was unable to obtain a clear run and finished unplaced behind the British gelding Move In Time. He ended his season with another attempt at the Hong Kong Sprint but never looked likely to win and finished ninth of the fifteen runners behind the locally trained Aerovelocity who won by a neck from Peniaphobia.

### 2015: eight-year-old season

For the fifth time, Sole Power was sent to Dubai in early spring. He started favourite for the Meydan Sprint but was unable to recover after failing to obtain a clear run in the straight and finished twelfth behind Sir Maximilian. On 28 March Sole Power made his fifth bid to win the Al Quoz Sprint for which his opponents included Amber Sky, Peniaphobia and Sir Maximilian, as well as Bundle of Joy from Hong Kong, Green Mask from the United States, Hototo from Bahrain, Caspar Netscher (Mill Reef Stakes, German 2,000 Guineas, Nearctic Stakes) and Stepper Point (Flying Five) from England and Farmah (Premio Carlo e Francesco Aloisi) from France. Sole Power started slowly but produced a strong late run to take the lead inside the final furlong and won by half a length from Peniaphobia, with Green Mask taking third ahead of Amber Sky. Hughes called the winner "a wonderful little horse. I thought he ran too lacklustre (on his last start at Meydan), but Eddie Lynam's done something and it's worked a treat" whilst Sabena Power said "I’m so thrilled. He surprises us all the time – he's fantastic". On his return to Europe, the gelding finished sixth in the Greenlands Stakes at the Curragh on 23 May.

At Royal Ascot, Sole Power attempted to win a third consecutive King's Stand Stakes. He started the 5/2 favourite but despite making progress in the last quarter mile he finished fifth of the eighteen runners behind Goldream. He went on to finish fourth behind Muhaarar in the July Cup and fourth again behind the filly Mecca's Angel in the Nunthorpe Stakes. On 13 September he was partnered by Chris Hayes in the Flying Five at the Curragh and started the 5/1 co-favourite alongside Moviesta and Maarek. He produced his customary late run to take the lead inside the final furlong and held off the late challenge of Maarek to win by a head.

Sole Power was retired in March 2017 at the age of ten. Lynam said "He was a great horse, but time waits for no man. I was a nobody until he came around and he's taken me to places I never felt were possible to go to.

## Assessment and honours

In the 2010 edition on the World's Best Racehorse Rankings Sole Power was given a rating of 117 making him the 126th best racehorse in the world and the equal-best three-year-old sprinter, alongside Smiling Tiger, Wanted and Let Me Fight. His rating dropped to 115 in the following year, and his ranking dropped to 248 in the world, and in 2012 he repeated his rating of 115, when he was rated 236th in the world. He was again rated on 115 in 2013. He improved to 118 in 2014, making him the equal 78th best hore in the world and the eighth best sprinter.

In November 2014 Sole Power was named Champion Sprinter at the Cartier Racing Awards, beating his stablemate Slade Power.

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Sole Power (GB), bay gelding, 2007
| Sire
Kyllachy (GB)
1998 | Pivotal (GB)
1993 | Polar Falcon | Nureyev |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Marie d'Argonne |
| | Fearless Revival | Cozzene |
| | Stufida |
| | Pretty Poppy (GB)
1988 | Song | Sing Sing |
| | | Intent |
| | Moonlight Serenade | Crooner |
| | March Moonlight |
| Dam
Demerger (USA)
1997 | Distant View (USA)
1991 | Mr. Prospector | Raise a Native |
| | | Gold Digger |
| | Seven Springs | Irish River |
| | La Trinite |
| | Merida (GB)
1991 | Warning | Known Fact |
| | | Slightly Dangerous |
| | Metair | Laser Light |
| | Treatisan (Family 1-p) |

## InfoBox

| Sole Power | |
| --- | --- |
| Sole Power ridden by Wayne Lordan after winning 2010 Nunthorpe Stakes. | |
| Sire | Kyllachy |
| Grandsire | Pivotal |
| Dam | Demerger |
| Damsire | Distant View |
| Sex | Gelding |
| Foaled | 18 March 2007 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Colour | Bay |
| Breeder | G Russell |
| Owner | Sabena Power |
| Trainer | Edward Lynam |
| Record | 65:12–7–7 |
| Earnings | £2,089,058 |
| Major wins | |
| Nunthorpe Stakes (2010, 2014)
Temple Stakes (2012)
Scarbrough Stakes (2012)
Palace House Stakes (2013, 2014)
King's Stand Stakes (2013, 2014)
Al Quoz Sprint (2015)
Flying Five (2015) | |
| Awards | |
| Cartier Champion Sprinter (2014)
Irish Horse of the Year (2014) | |


title: Eagle Premier

abstract: The Eagle Premier is a full-size executive car that was developed by American Motors Corporation (AMC) during the 1980s through its partnership with Renault. This model was manufactured in the then-brand-new Brampton Assembly in Canada. Chrysler Corporation bought the rights to the Premier when it acquired Renault's outstanding shares in AMC in 1987, and began selling the car under the new Eagle marque. The four-door sedan was manufactured from September 1987 until December 1991. A rebadged variant was also marketed as the Dodge Monaco from 1990 until 1992. The Premier was exported to Japan where it was marketed as a Chrysler.

text:
# Eagle Premier

The **Eagle Premier** is a full-size executive car that was developed by American Motors Corporation (AMC) during the 1980s through its partnership with Renault. This model was manufactured in the then-brand-new Brampton Assembly in Canada.

Chrysler Corporation bought the rights to the Premier when it acquired Renault's outstanding shares in AMC in 1987, and began selling the car under the new Eagle marque.

The four-door sedan was manufactured from September 1987 (for the 1988 model year) until December 1991 (for the 1992 model year). A rebadged variant was also marketed as the **Dodge Monaco** from 1990 until 1992. The Premier was exported to Japan where it was marketed as a Chrysler.

## Design

In 1982 American Motors and Renault, a major shareholder in AMC since 1979, began work on a new downsized full-size front-drive passenger car, code-named X-58, for introduction in late 1986. A companion two-door coupe, code named "X-59", was to debut for the 1988 model year. These two body styles were to be the first full-size cars sold by AMC since the 1978 AMC Matador to re-position the automaker with a broader product offering in the marketplace. The strategy was to expand AMC's reliance on sub-compact cars (which were the Alliance and Encore) as demand was increasing for larger, "family-size" cars such as the Chevrolet Celebrity and the new Ford Taurus.

Rather than engineer a completely new chassis for the Premier the then-new Renault 25's monocoque underpinnings were used as a basis and adapted for the new product. Using the Renault 25 chassis the suspension was derived from the Renault Medallion (Renault 21). The suspension featured a four-wheel independent system with MacPherson struts at the front wheels and two torsion bars at each rear wheel, with stabilizer bars in both front and rear.

The exterior by Giorgetto Giugiaro's Italdesign was picked over other concepts generated by AMC's styling department and other independent firms. The Premier's body's drag coefficient of 0.31 is slightly lower (more efficient) than the 1986 Ford Taurus that was well known for its aerodynamic shape. The Premier's body was finished using a baked enamel clearcoat for all the available colors. The body was covered by a seven-year, 100,000-mile (160,934 km) warranty. The car's trunk capacity was also large, offering 16.3 cu ft (462 L) of cargo space.

The Eagle also featured new technology to improve the luminous efficiency of its headlamp system, afford greater styling freedom, and have a rectangular frontal aspect. The 1988 Eagle Premier was one of the first cars featuring Valeo headlamps with nonparabolic, complex-surface reflector headlamps with optic lenses.

Stretched in all dimensions, the Premier provided more interior room than any of its contemporaries. The interior was an all-new design by AMC's in-house staff under the direction of Dick Teague. It also included features that were considered unique at the time. The instrument panel featured "a heavy dose of electronics", with all driver controls housed within a fingertip distance from the steering wheel. This included a dash-mounted gear selector that has been described reminiscent of the 1955 Chrysler PowerFlite transmission shifter. The Premier features a metal lever at the end which was a grip handle: if the gear selector shifted downward in the traditional fashion, the lever dropped into the dash pod in which it was mounted.

The climate controls used an unusual up-down button that cycled through the different heating modes, indicated by an array of lights. All of these controls were housed in a control panel on the right side of the steering column. On the left side of the column, another control contained the light and windshield wiper controls. The turn signal control was also electronic returning to its centered position immediately after a driver signaled a turn, and a gong indicated its cancellation after completing a turn. The optional cruise control was built into the leather-wrapped steering wheel. Other features included intermittent wipers, as well as automatic variable-speed that adjusted wiper speed to the amount of water that hit the windshield; with less moisture, the slower they would move, but increasing their action if a passing truck splashed the windshield with a large amount of water. Another exclusive was the computer controlled automatic temperature control climate system that did not run the interior blower fan until the until the heater core became warm, thus enhancing passenger comfort.

Standard on all Premiers was an electronically controlled AM/FM stereo sound system. It had an exclusive feature of being a "self-diagnosing" radio. A premium speaker system was standard on the ES models. Successive years featured more sophisticated entertainment units that included a seven band equalizer with memory functions, an advanced cassette deck with music search functionality, and a CD player.

For the initial launch, there was a choice of two powertrains. Eschewing the Renault 25's French-built four-cylinder engines, the base Premier *LX* trim featured a standard 2.5 L AMC four-cylinder engine. Featuring electronically controlled throttle-body fuel injection, it developed a peak power output of 111 hp (83 kW; 113 PS) and 142 lb⋅ft (193 N⋅m) of torque at 1400 rpm. This engine was coupled to a new electronically controlled four-speed automatic gearbox, developed by ZF Friedrichshafen. Fuel economy for the base model was EPA estimated at 22 mpgUS (11 L/100 km; 26 mpgimp) in the city and 31 mpgUS (7.6 L/100 km; 37 mpgimp) on the highway, giving it a 527-mile (848 km) cruising range with the 17 US gal (64 L; 14 imp gal) gas tank. Optional in the LX and standard in *ES* models was a 3.0 L version of the Peugeot-Renault-Volvo (PRV) V6 engine, fitted with multiple port fuel injection, producing peak power and torque figures of 150 hp (112 kW; 152 PS) at 5000 rpm and 171 lb⋅ft (232 N⋅m) at 3570 rpm. Fuel efficiency of the V6 was rated at 18 mpgUS (13 L/100 km; 22 mpgimp) for the city and 27 mpgUS (8.7 L/100 km; 32 mpgimp) on the highway. Factory acceleration estimates from standstill to 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) were 11.5 seconds with the four-cylinder, and 10 seconds with the six. The Premier's powertrains were covered by a 7-year, 70,000-mile (112,654 km) warranty, which was longer than offered by any of the competitors at the time.

Developed by AMC, which was "the Big Three's little sister ... with almost no resources, and fighting a vastly superior enemy", Bob Lutz, then a vice president at Chrysler, wrote that the Premier sedan as one of the "impressive succession of new products" that Chrysler gained from acquiring the small automaker. The Eagle Premier replaced the so-called **Liberty car** that Chrysler had been developing as the basis of its future cars for many years, but was experiencing problems with this major project.

The Eagle Premier was described as "a world-class car" by automotive journalists, in addition to its international origins with an Italian design and Canadian assembly. "Considered by some the most sophisticated car in Chrysler's lineup", the Eagle Premier offers an "incredible 122 cubic feet of interior room; almost unheard of for a mid-sized passenger car" along with "European handling". The Premier was "final offspring of the AMC-Renault marriage" and the new car entered the marketplace "well endowed in just about every department. It has the most powerful conventional engines in its field, state-of-the-art electronics with a first-ever feature, and is made in the newest assembly plant in the world." Road test by *Car and Driver* magazine described the new "Euro-sedan" as competitive, a "pleasant surprise," "with a dash of weirdness," and concluded that "it's a sure bet to scare hell out of its competition."

## Model years

### 1988

The Eagle Premier was launched in January 1988, with the first production models rolling off the assembly line on September 28, 1987. Although the car is sometimes referred to as a Renault Premier, this car was never marketed anywhere in the world as a Renault. Pre-production prototypes left the factory with Renault emblems on their grille and wheel covers, but had an Eagle nameplate on the trunk lids. The Eagle marketing department had to indicate this difference in its dealer information brochures and videos. Before its January 1988 launch, all pre-production cars had the Renault emblem removed from the grille and steering column horn hub pad. Depending on which stereo system was ordered, one would find either a Renault or Eagle emblem in the car through 1989 on the stereo. It was to have been the first body style in a series of three, along with a four-door station wagon and a two-door coupe. After Chrysler purchased Renault's stake (46%) in AMC and all other outstanding stock (54%), the wagon and coupe body styles were canceled as was a planned Premier *DL* model featuring a five-speed manual gearbox.

The interior of the *LX* featured standard six-passenger seating, with reclining 55/45 split front bench seats along with a rear seat that included a fold-down center armrest. Map pockets were standard in the front seatbacks. The standard four-speed automatic transmissions were operated using a column shifter. The *ES* models included lower bodyside cladding, a firmer suspension, and larger "touring" tires, as well as individual front bucket seats with adjustable see-through headrests and a full-length console with center armrest. The ES models had seating for five adults. The front bucket seats were optional in the LX, and a console-mounted gear shift was optional in both the LX and ES.

The Premier was highlighted in Chrysler's broad product line as being "shaped right" in its being the most aerodynamic sedan built in North America and offering "an American car with European sophistication and handling."

### 1989

The second model year the Premier saw almost no other changes except for the addition of cruise control and the mid-year introduction of an *ES Limited* model featuring monochromatic paint and body-colored trim. The list of standard features was expanded or enhanced such as eight premium "Accusound by Jensen" speakers becoming standard on ES models.

Marketing focused on "the swift reflexes of eagles" describing the Premier's fully independent suspension components to be sure-footed and athletic to "inspire driver confidence" in addition to the car's exclusive seven-year, 70,000-mile protection plan.

The "sporty" two-door companion model that was announced by Iacocca for this model year to "get the Eagle soaring" with new products and a "brand personality that's unique ...and exciting... and upscale" was not released.

#### Exports to Japan

During 1989 sales in the Japanese market began as the **Chrysler Premier ES**. Available in one version and included the 30 L V6 engine and four-speed automatic transmission. The maximum power was 150 PS (110 kW). While branded as a Chrysler and given the model code E6U, the Eagle badging remained unchanged from the North American model. The only visible changes were indicator lights on the front fenders and the incorporation of amber turn signals into the rear lights to meet local requirements. Marketing of the special model ended during 1990.

### 1990

In 1990 the Premier was substantially reengineered. Standard were four-wheel disc brakes and a stainless steel exhaust system. The electrical system was replaced with standard Chrysler parts that proved to be more reliable than the original Renix system. The exterior was changed slightly, the *Design Giugiaro* badges being removed from the front fenders as a result. The fuel crisis period was fading and most buyers selected the V6 engine. The four-cylinder engine was officially dropped from the lineup, with the V6 remaining as the sole engine.

A badge engineered version of the Premier was added using a familiar Chrysler name, the Dodge Monaco, a moniker that was first used by Dodge in 1965 and last used in 1978 on a full-size, rear-drive sedan.

Because of its design "as up-to-date as anything in the mid-sized market," the Premier now became the foundation for Chrysler's next generation of automobiles.

The automatic shifter was relocated to the floor.

### 1991

The 1991 model year had little news for the Premier except for a new anti-lock braking system (ABS) that was also available on the Canadian-built Dodge Monaco twin. The new safety feature came standard on the ES Limited and was optional on other models. The Limited model received a new front grille and rear tail lamp assemblies.

The marketplace saw a downturn and all automakers began offering incentives to move inventory. At the beginning of the year, supplies of the Eagle Premier climbed up to 222 days and Chrysler gave a $1,000 discount to dealers on the invoice price, a $1,500 rebate to purchasers, and a $2,000 incentive to the dealer per car after their fourth sale. An ES Limited model listing for $19,978 was only $15,478 after the marketing incentives. By the end of the year, Jeep-Eagle dealers had low inventories of Premiers – with only 28 days supply – compared to 119 days for overstocked cars such as the Chevrolet Caprice.

### 1992

The Eagle Premier and its badge engineered variant, the Dodge Monaco, continued mostly unchanged for 1992, except every model received the grille and tail lamps that were only on the Limited in 1991.\> Chrysler also announced it would be the Premier's final year as the automaker prepared to launch all its new LH models in the Bramalea assembly plant. Bramalea ended Dodge Monaco and Eagle Premier output on December 17, 1991.

**Production Figures:**

Eagle Premier Production Figures
|  | Yearly units |
| --- | --- |
| **1988** | 45,546 |
| **1989** | 41,349 |
| **1990** | 14,243 |
| **1991** | 11,634 |
| **1992** | 4,730 |
| Total | **117,502** |

## Legacy

The Eagle brand targeted consumers that would not typically include purchasing an American sedan, "but would have instead sought out a Volvo or an Audi." The "upscale" Premier was the flagship of the new Eagle division at Chrysler and in the same class "as cars like the Audi 5000, ... roomy, understated and elegantly turned out."

*Popular Science*, in a four-car road test, considered the Premier one of the sportiest sedans (by measure of road holding and drive precision) available on the American market. The fully independent suspension on all the wheels made for better ride quality and handling characteristics, as did the rack and pinion steering design. "The Premier was for its size, the lightest car that Chrysler built at the time \[with a shipping weight of 2,999 lb (1,360 kg)\], the stiffest (torsionally), and the best riding almost 8.7 in (221 mm) of wheel travel vs. 4.5 for the K-cars that underpinned every Chrysler car then available. It benefited from decades of Renault experience with front-wheel-drive, and a good example will still impress even today." The engineering levels achieved in the Premier are arguably the most refined in a sedan that was then produced by AMC or Chrysler.

The original projections were to have annual production of 150,000 Premiers. Magna International had signed a contract in 1986 to supply body panels for the Premiers. As a result, the automotive supplier received $10 million in grants from the governments of both Canada and Ontario to expand the metal stamping plant in Milton, Ontario. However, the Premier did not achieve its sales targets, with calendar year production for 1989 only reaching 32,720 examples.

Critics have argued that Chrysler did not properly market the Premier, having confused its intended market. ES models were compared directly with the Audi 80, Acura Legend, and similar 'import' sedans, while LX models were aimed at a lower-tier market competing against the Ford Taurus and GM A-platform cars (Buick Century, Chevrolet Celebrity, Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera). Chrysler also ended up with six different brands after the purchase of AMC, just one less than GM, which was four times as large an automaker. Not only could Chrysler not afford to properly promote and advertise each of its brands, but it also faced the legacy of failure by French cars in the United States.

The Premier carried many vestiges of AMC and Renault's engineering long after Chrysler acquired the car's design. For example, the vehicle identification number for the entire 1988 model year production retained AMC format. The AMC logo was featured on many of the car's components through to the end of production.

The introduction of a rebadged model named Dodge Monaco resulted from a contractual obligation to use 260,000 of the PRV engines over five years, a clause in the AMC buyout from Renault. The Monaco sold in low numbers, and both it and the Premier were canceled in 1992. There was little marketing support for the Premier by the Jeep-Eagle dealers themselves because they were focused on selling the highly successful and more profitable Jeep models. Furthermore, the decision to eventually combine Jeep-Eagle with Chrysler-Plymouth dealers called for the long-term corporate goal of phasing out the Eagle brand. There were 139,051 Premiers and Monacos built at Bramalea. Chrysler paid a penalty for every car not produced and V6 engine not purchased from Renault.

A new, "highly advanced" factory (called Bramalea Assembly) was built to manufacture the Premier at Bramalea. This was near an existing AMC plant in Brampton, Ontario, Canada. This state-of-the-art plant was opened in 1986 and was one of AMC's assets that interested Chrysler. It was renamed Brampton Assembly after the buyout. Brampton Assembly was retooled for the production of the Chrysler LH-cars that debuted in the autumn of 1992, including the Premier's replacement, the Vision, and the Vision's sister vehicles, the Dodge Intrepid and the Chrysler Concorde.

The Premier inspired many of the LH platform's design features. François Castaing, formerly AMC's Vice President of product engineering and development, became Chrysler's Vice President of vehicle engineering in 1988, and as a result, the Premier was the starting point for Chrysler's new LH sedans. Although the cab forward styling was quite different, the engines in the LH cars were mounted longitudinally, like the Premier. This was "a hallmark of Renault's front-wheel-drive designs" and unlike any other car built by Chrysler up to that time. The LH platform's dedicated transmission, the A606, was also quite similar in design to the electronically controlled automatic featured in four-cylinder Premiers. The Premier's body shell was used for LH prototype development mules, under which the LH drivetrain was tested.

Although only a four-door sedan, the Premier could be a "future classic" according to an automotive journalist, Dan Roth, as "one of the best American cars of the last 20 years, able to hold its own against luxury European marques, and being a caretaker of the last AMC car (Jeeps aren't cars!) would be a responsibility we'd relish."

## InfoBox

| Eagle Premier | |
| --- | --- |
| 1992 Eagle Premier ES Limited | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer |  |
| Also called | * AMC Premier * Chrysler Premier (Japan) * Dodge Monaco * Renault Premier (never sold) |
| Production | September 1987–December 17, 1991 |
| Model years | 1988–1992 |
| Assembly | Brampton Assembly, Brampton, Ontario, Canada |
| Designer |  |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Executive car () |
| Body style | 4-door sedan |
| Layout | Longitudinal front-engine, front-wheel drive |
| Platform | Chrysler B-body |
| Related |  |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine |  |
| Transmission |  |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 106.0 in (2,692 mm) |
| Length | 192.8 in (4,897 mm) |
| Width | 70.0 in (1,778 mm) |
| Height | 53.3 in (1,354 mm) |
| Curb weight | 2,991–3,068 lb (1,357–1,392 kg) |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | AMC Matador |
| Successor | Eagle Vision |


title: Sproul Observatory

abstract: Sproul Observatory was an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Swarthmore College. It was located in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, United States, and named after William Cameron Sproul, the 27th Governor of Pennsylvania, who graduated from Swarthmore in 1891. The 24" telescope was moved from Sproul Observatory to Bentonville, Arkansas in July 2017.

text:
# Sproul Observatory

**Sproul Observatory** was an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Swarthmore College. It was located in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, United States, and named after William Cameron Sproul, the 27th Governor of Pennsylvania, who graduated from Swarthmore in 1891. The 24" telescope was moved from Sproul Observatory to Bentonville, Arkansas in July 2017.

## History

In 1907, William Cameron Sproul communicated to the Board of Managers of Swarthmore College his desire to donate funds for the purchase of equipment for an astronomical observatory. Sproul was a successful businessman who graduated from Swarthmore in 1891 and a trustee to the college. At the time of the gift, he was serving as Pennsylvania State Senator for the 9th District and went on to become the 27th Governor of Pennsylvania.

The telescope was built in 1911 by the John A. Brashear Company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. When the telescope was installed at the observatory in 1913, it was the largest on the East Coast of the United States and one of the largest in the world.

From 1986 to 2004, the computer science department was given office and lab space in the observatory building.

In 2009, Swarthmore College added the Peter van de Kamp Observatory to the newly built Science Center. The new observatory contained a more technologically advanced 24" reflecting telescope and replaced the Sproul Observatory for education and public outreach purposes.

In 2017, the telescope was dismantled and moved to the Eighth Street Market in Bentonville, Arkansas to be restored, upgraded and used for public outreach. The book collection of the Sproul Observatory was donated to an astronomy center in Magdalena, New Mexico.

In 2017, Swarthmore unveiled plans to renovate Sproul Observatory which will transform the observatory into the James Hormel and Michael Nguyen Intercultural Center at Sproul Hall which will bring the Intercultural Center, Interfaith Center, Religious and Spiritual Life Center and the Office of International Student Services in one building.

## Directors

1. John A. Miller (1923–1938)
2. Peter van de Kamp (1937–1972)
3. Wulff-Dieter Heintz (1973–1982)
4. Sarah L. Lippincott (1982–)

## Planetary discovery controversies

Under the direction of Peter van de Kamp this observatory made numerous claims of planetary systems and discoveries based on astrometry using the photographic plates made with the 24 in (61 cm) refractor telescope. These plates were found to have a systematic error that was misinterpreted as the effect of a planetary system on the parent star. This error was identified as early as 1973 and confirmed by the observatory in the 1980s.

Satellite 39°54′11″N 75°21′19″W / 39.90308°N 75.3553°W / 39.90308; -75.3553

## InfoBox

Sproul Observatory
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Organization | Swarthmore College |
| Location | Swarthmore, PA |
| Coordinates | 39°54′13″N 75°21′19″W / 39.90361°N 75.35528°W / 39.90361; -75.35528 |
| Altitude | 60 meters (200 feet) |
| Closed | 31 July 2017 |
| Website | www.cs.swarthmore.edu/program/history/sproul.html |
| Telescopes | |
| Sproul Telescope 24 in (61 cm) refractor telescope | |
| Location of Sproul Observatory | |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Chief Minister of Saint Helena

abstract: The Chief Minister of Saint Helena is the head of the Saint Helena Government. The chief minister is elected by the Legislative Council of Saint Helena, and is formally appointed by the Governor of Saint Helena, the representative of the British monarch. The creation of the post was approved following the 2021 Saint Helena governance system referendum. The post of chief minister is the equivalent of a premier or prime minister in other British Overseas Territories. The inaugural Chief Minister is Julie Thomas, who took office on 25 October 2021.

text:
# Chief Minister of Saint Helena

The **Chief Minister of Saint Helena** is the head of the Saint Helena Government. The chief minister is elected by the Legislative Council of Saint Helena, and is formally appointed by the Governor of Saint Helena, the representative of the British monarch.

The creation of the post was approved following the 2021 Saint Helena governance system referendum. The post of chief minister is the equivalent of a premier or prime minister in other British Overseas Territories.

The inaugural (and current) Chief Minister is Julie Thomas, who took office on 25 October 2021.

## Chief ministers of Saint Helena (2021–present)

| No. | Portrait | Name
(Birth–Death) | Elected | Term of office | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Took office | Left office | Time in office |
| 1 |  | Julie Thomas | 2021 | 25 October 2021 | Incumbent | 2 years, 338 days |

## InfoBox

| Chief Minister of Saint Helena | |
| --- | --- |
| Coat of arms of Saint Helena | |
| Incumbent
Julie Thomas
since 25 October 2021 | |
| Style | The Honourable |
| Member of | Executive Council |
| Seat | Jamestown |
| Appointer | Governor of Saint Helena |
| Term length | Four years |
| Inaugural holder | Julie Thomas |
| Formation | 25 October 2021 (2021-10-25) |
| Website | Official website |


title: Fairbanks Exploration Company Housing

abstract: The Fairbanks Exploration Company was the major economic force in the growth of Fairbanks, Alaska during its gold rush years in the early 20th century. In the 1920s the company built a number of housing units for its workers. A cluster of at least eight of these is known to have survived on the east side of Illinois Street, of which four have retained historical integrity. Located at 505, 507, 521, and 523 Illinois Street, they are all similarly built Bungalow-style wood-frame buildings, 1+1⁄2 stories in height, with a hip roof and projecting hipped wings. The complex includes a five-stall garage which served all four houses, as well as two greenhouses. At the time of their listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997, this group of houses was being rehabilitated for use as a bed and breakfast inn.

text:
# Fairbanks Exploration Company Housing

The Fairbanks Exploration Company was the major economic force in the growth of Fairbanks, Alaska during its gold rush years in the early 20th century. In the 1920s the company built a number of housing units for its workers. A cluster of at least eight of these is known to have survived on the east side of Illinois Street, of which four have retained historical integrity. Located at 505, 507, 521, and 523 Illinois Street, they are all similarly built Bungalow-style wood-frame buildings, 1+12 stories in height, with a hip roof and projecting hipped wings. The complex includes a five-stall garage which served all four houses, as well as two greenhouses. At the time of their listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997, this group of houses was being rehabilitated for use as a bed and breakfast inn.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| F. E. Company Housing | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
| U.S. Historic district<br>Contributing property | |
| Alaska Heritage Resources Survey | |
|  | |
| 523 Illinois Street | |
| Boundaries of Fairbanks Exploration Company Housing | |
| Location | 505, 507, 521, and 523 Illinois Street, Fairbanks, Alaska |
| Coordinates | 64°51′2″N 147°43′6″W / 64.85056°N 147.71833°W / 64.85056; -147.71833 |
| Area | 1.8 acres (0.73 ha) |
| Built | 1927 (1927) |
| Built by | Fairbanks Exploration Company |
| Architectural style | Bungalow/craftsman |
| Part of | Illinois Street Historic District (ID01000966) |
| NRHP reference No. | 97000400 |
| AHRS No. | FAI-334 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | May 9, 1997 |
| Designated CP | September 14, 2001 |


title: The Molesworth Gallery

abstract: The Molesworth Gallery is a contemporary art gallery in Dublin. It is one of Ireland's leading contemporary art galleries, representing some of the most acclaimed artists working in the country today. It hosts eight solo and two curated group exhibitions annually at its gallery space in Dublin's city centre. Exhibitions are documented in gallery publications ranging from brochures to hardback books. It also collaborates with arts centres and museums to maximise public access to the work of its artists, as well as promoting them at international art fairs. The gallery covers the ground and first floors of a large Georgian house. A changing display of work by gallery artists may be viewed in its upstairs exhibition space

text:
# The Molesworth Gallery

**The Molesworth Gallery** is a contemporary art gallery in Dublin.

It is one of Ireland's leading contemporary art galleries, representing some of the most acclaimed artists working in the country today. It hosts eight solo and two curated group exhibitions annually at its gallery space in Dublin's city centre. Exhibitions are documented in gallery publications ranging from brochures to hardback books. It also collaborates with arts centres and museums to maximise public access to the work of its artists, as well as promoting them at international art fairs. The gallery covers the ground and first floors of a large Georgian house. A changing display of work by gallery artists may be viewed in its upstairs exhibition space

## Artists

* Catherine Barron
* Robert Bates
* Michael Beirne
* Shane Berkery
* Helen Blake
* John Boyd
* Cristina Bunello
* J.P. Donleavy
* Gabhann Dunne
* Conor Foy
* Mercedes Helnwein
* Ronnie Hughes
* John Kindness
* Vera Klute ARHA
* Gillian Lawler
* Francis Matthews
* Maeve McCarthy RHA
* Cian McLoughlin
* Sean Molloy
* Philip Moss
* Mick O'Dea
* Sheila Pomeroy
* Gareth Reid

## InfoBox

The Molesworth Gallery
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | 16 Molesworth Street, Dublin 2, Ireland |
| Director | Teresa Crowley & Ronan Lyons |
| Website | www.molesworthgallery.com |


title: Centipede mathematics

abstract: Centipede mathematics is a term used, sometimes derogatorily, to describe the generalisation and study of mathematical objects satisfying progressively fewer and fewer restrictions. This type of study is likened to studying how a centipede behaves when its legs are removed one by one. The term is attributed to Polish mathematician Antoni Zygmund. Zygmund is said to have described the metaphor of the centipede thus: "You take a centipede and pull off ninety-nine of its legs and see what it can do." Thus, Zygmund has been known by many mathematicians as the "Centipede Surgeon". The study of semigroups is cited as an example of doing centipede mathematics. One starts with the notion of an abelian group. First delete the commutativity restriction to obtain the concept of a group. The restriction of existence of inverses is then removed. This produces a monoid. If one now removes the restriction regarding the existence of identity, the resulting object turns out to be a semigroup. Still more legs can be removed. If the associativity restriction is also discarded one gets a magma or a groupoid. The restrictions that define an abelian group may be removed in different orders also. The study of ternary ring has been cited as an example of centipede mathematics. The progressive removal of axioms of Euclidean geometry and studying the resulting geometrical objects also illustrate the methodology of centipede mathematics. The following quote summarises the value and usefulness of the concept: "The term ‘centipede mathematics’ is new to me, but its practice is surely of great antiquity. The binomial theorem is a good example. A related notion is the importance of good notation and the importance of overloading, aka abuse of language, to establish useful analogies." — Gavin Wraith.

text:
# Centipede mathematics

**Centipede mathematics** is a term used, sometimes derogatorily, to describe the generalisation and study of mathematical objects satisfying progressively fewer and fewer restrictions. This type of study is likened to studying how a centipede behaves when its legs are removed one by one.

The term is attributed to Polish mathematician Antoni Zygmund. Zygmund is said to have described the metaphor of the centipede thus: "You take a centipede and pull off ninety-nine of its legs and see what it can do." Thus, Zygmund has been known by many mathematicians as the "Centipede Surgeon".

The study of semigroups is cited as an example of doing centipede mathematics. One starts with the notion of an abelian group. First delete the commutativity restriction to obtain the concept of a group. The restriction of existence of inverses is then removed. This produces a monoid. If one now removes the restriction regarding the existence of identity, the resulting object turns out to be a semigroup. Still more legs can be removed. If the associativity restriction is also discarded one gets a magma or a groupoid. The restrictions that define an abelian group may be removed in different orders also. The study of ternary ring has been cited as an example of centipede mathematics. The progressive removal of axioms of Euclidean geometry and studying the resulting geometrical objects also illustrate the methodology of centipede mathematics.

The following quote summarises the value and usefulness of the concept: "The term ‘centipede mathematics’ is new to me, but its practice is surely of great antiquity. The binomial theorem (tear off the leg that says that the exponent has to be a natural number) is a good example. A related notion is the importance of good notation and the importance of overloading, aka abuse of language, to establish useful analogies." — Gavin Wraith.


title: Blushing (album)

abstract: Blushing is the sixth studio album by American band Copeland. It was released on Valentine's Day 2019 via Tooth & Nail Records. It is the band's follow-up to their 2014 album Ixora, as well as their second album released since their reunion.

text:
# Blushing (album)

***Blushing*** is the sixth studio album by American band Copeland. It was released on Valentine's Day 2019 via Tooth & Nail Records. It is the band's follow-up to their 2014 album *Ixora*, as well as their second album released since their reunion.

## Background

After the band finished touring in support of *Ixora*, Copeland began working on *Blushing* in 2016. Once again, recording took place at Aaron Marsh's studio, The Vanguard Room, in Lakeland. Marsh himself would also serve as the album's chief producer and engineer, as he did on *Ixora*. The album features contributions from singer-songwriter Young Summer, as well as a track featuring Ski Beatz and The 83rd.

The album's first single was "Pope", which was released on November 1, 2018. A lyric video for the song was released a week later. The album itself was announced via a Billboard premiere of the next single, "Night Figures", on December 6. Another new song, "On Your Worst Day", was released simultaneously. This was followed a month later by the release of the third single, "Lay Here".

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Pope" | 4:55 |
| 2. | "Lay Here" | 4:13 |
| 3. | "As Above, So Alone" | 5:33 |
| 4. | "Suddenly" | 4:06 |
| 5. | "Night Figures" | 4:06 |
| 6. | "Skywriter (featuring Young Summer)" | 4:14 |
| 7. | "Colorless" | 4:39 |
| 8. | "On Your Worst Day" | 5:51 |
| 9. | "Strange Flower" | 4:35 |
| 10. | "It Felt So Real" | 1:25 |
| 11. | "Waltz on Water" | 4:32 |
| Total length: | | 48:15 |

## Personnel

As adapted from Discogs.

**Copeland**

* Aaron Marsh – lead vocals, backing vocals, piano (all tracks except "It Felt So Real"), synthesizer, programming (all tracks except "Suddenly"), Mellotron ("Suddenly", "Colorless"), guitar ("As Above, So Alone", "Colorless", "Strange Flower"), bass guitar (all tracks except "On Your Worst Day" and "It Felt So Real"), trombone ("Suddenly", "Colorless"), drums ("Night Figures"), percussion ("Suddenly", "Skywriter", "Colorless", "Strange Flower", "Waltz on Water")
* Bryan Laurenson – guitar (all tracks except "On Your Worst Day" and "It Felt So Real")
* Stephen Laurenson – guitar ("Pope", "As Above, So Alone", "Night Figures", "Colorless"), synthesizer (all tracks except "Skywriter" and "Strange Flower"), keyboards ("Skywriter", "Strange Flower"), programming ("Night Figures", "Skywriter", "Colorless", "Strange Flower", "Waltz on Water"), piano ("Waltz on Water")

**Additional personnel** (in order of appearance)

* Young Summer – vocals ("Pope", "Skywriter", "It Felt So Real")
* Stephanie Brooks – viola ("Pope", "Skywriter", "On Your Worst Day", "Strange Flower", "Waltz on Water")
* Rachel Plating – violin ("Pope", "Skywriter", "On Your Worst Day", "Strange Flower", "Waltz on Water")
* Jonathan Bucklew – drums ("Pope", "Strange Flower")
* Jordan Butcher – drums ("Lay Here", "As Above, So Alone", "Colorless", "Strange Flower", "Waltz on Water")
* Stephen Nichols – bass, piano ("As Above, So Alone")
* Ski Beatz – programming, synthesizer ("Suddenly")
* The 83rd – bass, synthesizer ("Suddenly")
* Joshua Dampier – violin, viola ("Night Figures")

**Production**

* Aaron Marsh – producer, engineer
* Bryan Laurenson – producer
* Stephen Laurenson – producer
* Michael Brauer – mixing
* Troy Glessner – mastering
* Levi Seitz – vinyl mastering
* Fernando Reyes – mixing assistant, engineer
* Ski Beatz – additional production ("Suddenly")
* The 83rd – additional production ("Suddenly")
* Zachary Gray – photography

## InfoBox

| Blushing | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Copeland | |
| Released | February 14, 2019 |
| Recorded | 2016–2018 |
| Studio | The Vanguard Room, Lakeland, Florida |
| Length | 48:15 |
| Label | Tooth & Nail |
| Producer | Copeland |
| Copeland chronology | |
| *Ixora*
(2014) ***Blushing***
(2019) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Blushing* | |
| 1. "Pope"
Released: November 1, 2018 2. "Night Figures/On Your Worst Day"
Released: December 6, 2018 3. "Lay Here"
Released: January 20, 2019 | |
|  | |


title: Dzwonowice

abstract: Dzwonowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pilica, within Zawiercie County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Pilica, 18 km (11 mi) east of Zawiercie, and 56 km (35 mi) north-east of the regional capital Katowice.

text:
# Dzwonowice

**Dzwonowice** \[d͡zvɔnɔˈvit͡sɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pilica, within Zawiercie County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Pilica, 18 km (11 mi) east of Zawiercie, and 56 km (35 mi) north-east of the regional capital Katowice.

## InfoBox

| Dzwonowice | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Dzwonowice | |
| Coordinates: 50°31′N 19°40′E / 50.517°N 19.667°E / 50.517; 19.667 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Silesian |
| County | Zawiercie |
| Gmina | Pilica |


title: Les Liaisons dangereuses (film)

abstract: Les liaisons dangereuses is a 1959 French drama romance film loosely based on the 1782 novel by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos, set in present-day France. It was directed by Roger Vadim, and stars Jeanne Moreau, Gerard Phillipe, and Annette Vadim. It was a French/Italian co-production.

text:
# Les Liaisons dangereuses (film)

***Les liaisons dangereuses*** (Dangerous Liaisons) is a 1959 French drama romance film loosely based on the 1782 novel by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos, set in present-day France.

It was directed by Roger Vadim, and stars Jeanne Moreau, Gerard Phillipe, and Annette Vadim. It was a French/Italian co-production.

## Synopsis

In present-day France, Valmont and Juliette de Merteuil are a married couple who help each other have extramarital affairs.

Juliette's latest lover, Court, breaks up with her in order to be free to pursue his plan to marry the 16-year-old Cecile. Seeking revenge, Juliette encourages Valmont to seduce the virginal Cecile while she holidays at the ski resort of Megève. Cecile is in love with a student, Danceny, but he refuses to marry her until he can support her.

While on holiday, Valmont meets the beautiful and virtuous Marianne, originally from Denmark, who has a small child and is happily married to a young civil servant. He decides to pursue her as well, at first by befriending her and being completely honest as to what sort of person he is.

Valmont succeeds in seducing the virginal Cecile by blackmailing her. Cecile confesses the act to Juliette who encourages her to keep seeing Valmont, and Cecile does so.

Valmont then follows Marianne to Paris and succeeds in seducing her as well. Eventually Valmont genuinely falls in love with Marianne, and she prepares to leave her husband for him. Juliette becomes jealous and sends Marianne a telegram supposedly from Valmont, but with Valmont's reluctant consent, breaking it off with her and saying the seduction was all a game.

Cecile tells Juliette that she is pregnant by Valmont and asks for her help in persuading Danceny to marry her. Instead, Juliette tells Danceny that he should not marry and plans to seduce Danceny herself.

Valmont and Cecile tell Danceny about Juliette's duplicity. However, Juliette then tells him that Cecile and Valmont slept together, and Danceny strikes Valmont, accidentally killing him. While Danceny faces murder charges, Marianne loses her reason with the shock of Valmont's rejection of her and subsequent death.

Valmont has written letters to Juliette throughout the film describing both their actions. Juliette burns the letters, but catches fire herself and is disfigured for life doing so.

## Cast

## Production

Fourteen-year-old British school girl Gillian Hills was cast in a lead role, but public outcry meant this was recast, and Hills played a smaller part.

Gerard Philippe reportedly took the role in response to the critical failure of his film *The Gambler* (1958). Gérard Philipe died almost eight weeks after the film's release. It was the last of his films that was released before his death.

### Censorship

There was concern the film would not be allowed to screen in France at all. Eventually, permission was granted to show it to adults. In September 1959, the film was denied an export license because it was "unrepresentative of French film art", and thus could not be shown outside France.

Two weeks into the film's run in Paris, the film was seized as the result of civil action taken against it by the Society of Men of Letters, who said they were acting to protect the reputation of the original work. They wanted its title changed to *Les Liaisons Dangereuses '60*. This was done.

The movie was a massive hit at the French box office – the most successful domestic film since 1954.

Eventually, the film was allowed to be exported to Japan, Greece, and the Scandinavian countries. Then, in 1961, a full export licence was granted; US and Canadian distribution rights were bought by Astor Films for a reported record sum.

### US release

New York censors only allowed the film to be shown after it had been edited to a "darkened" print of two "objectionable" nude scenes (involving Annette Vadim and Jeanne Valerie).

In February 1962, the film was pulled from a theater in Montclair, New Jersey, at the request of the police commissioner, as authorized by the Town Council. This occurred after a letter writing campaign following the film's condemnation from the pulpit of a local Roman Catholic Church. The film had been running for nearly three weeks at that point. The theater continued its run beginning ten days later, the theater's management citing contractual obligations to its American distributor.

## Musical score and soundtrack

The film's score was performed by Thelonious Monk, drawing on his existing compositions, as time constraints and a health crisis meant he was unable to compose new material. The original recordings by Monk, including music not used in the film, were released for the first time in 2017 as a double album in both vinyl and CD editions.

| Les Liaisons Dangereuses 1960 | |
| --- | --- |
| Soundtrack album by Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers with Barney Wilen | |
| Released | 1960 |
| Recorded | July 28 & 29, 1959
Nola's Penthouse Sound Studios, New York City |
| Genre | Film score |
| Length | 38:54 |
| Label | Fontana
680 203 TL |
| Producer | Marcel Romano |
| Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers chronology | |
| *At the Jazz Corner of the World*
(1959) ***Les Liaisons Dangereuses 1960***
(1960) *Africaine*
(1959) | |

Additional music for the extended party scene by Jack Marray (a pseudonym for Duke Jordan) was recorded by Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers with Barney Wilen. The soundtrack, featuring only those tracks recorded by Art Blakey and The Jazz Messengers with Barney Wilen, was originally released on the French Fontana label.

### Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

AllMusic reviewer Scott Yanow states of the Blakey album that "In general, the music manages to stand on its own with the ensemble getting to stretch out a bit on the rare material".

### Track listing

*All compositions by Duke Jordan*

1. "No Problem (1st Version)" – 7:23
2. "No Hay Problema" – 4:35
3. "Prelude In Blue (À "L' Esquinade")" – 6:59
4. "Valmontana (1st Version)"- 4:46
5. "Miguel's Party" – 4:23
6. "Prelude In Blue (Chez Miguel)" – 5:54
7. "No Problem (2nd Version)" – 6:00
8. "Weehawken Mad Pad" – 1:50
9. "Valmontana (2nd Version)" – 4:33
10. "No Hay Problema (2nd Version)" – 3:53 Bonus track on CD reissue

Most tracks on Duke Jordan's record with the same title in 1962 have the same melodies, but with different track titles. "Prelude In Blue" with "Weehawken Mad Pad" was retitled "The Feeling of Love"; "Valmontana" was changed to "Jazz Vendor"; and "Miguel's Party" to "Subway Inn". The title "No Problem" was left intact.

### Musicians

## InfoBox

| Les liaisons dangereuses | |
| --- | --- |
| French film poster | |
| Directed by | Roger Vadim |
| Written by | Roger Vailland
Claude Brulé |
| Based on | novel by Choderlos de Laclos |
| Starring | Jeanne Moreau
Gérard Philipe
Annette Vadim
Madeleine Lambert |
| Cinematography | Marcel Grignon |
| Edited by | Victoria Mercanton |
| Music by | Thelonious Monk
Duke Jordan (as Jack Marray) |
| Distributed by | Ariane Distribution |
| Release date | * 9 September 1959 (1959-09-09) |
| Running time | 110 minutes |
| Country | France |
| Language | French |
| Budget | US$4.3 million |
| Box office | 4,325,341 admissions (France) |


title: St. John the Baptist Chapel

abstract: The St. John the Baptist Chapel is a historic Russian Orthodox chapel in Naknek, Alaska, United States. It is traditionally said to have been built in 1886 and enlarged in 1914. It is a simple single story wood-frame building. It consists of a single chamber, measuring 10'3"' wide and 30'3" long, which houses the nave and altar, and a small vestibule. Analysis of the construction indicates that the vestibule and a portion of the nave were constructed after the original construction date. The gable roof is topped by a centrally-placed Russian Orthodox cross, and there is a bell mounted on a metal framework outside the vestibule. The chapel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

text:
# St. John the Baptist Chapel

The **St. John the Baptist Chapel** is a historic Russian Orthodox chapel in Naknek, Alaska, United States. It is traditionally said to have been built in 1886 and enlarged in 1914. It is a simple single story wood-frame building. It consists of a single chamber, measuring 10'3"' wide and 30'3" long, which houses the nave and altar, and a small vestibule. Analysis of the construction indicates that the vestibule and a portion of the nave were constructed after the original construction date. The gable roof is topped by a centrally-placed Russian Orthodox cross, and there is a bell mounted on a metal framework outside the vestibule.

The chapel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| St. John the Baptist Chapel | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| Alaska Heritage Resources Survey | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | In Naknek, Naknek, Alaska |
| Coordinates | 58°43′35″N 157°1′1″W / 58.72639°N 157.01694°W / 58.72639; -157.01694 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1914 (1914) |
| MPS | Russian Orthodox Church Buildings and Sites TR |
| NRHP reference No. | 80000750 |
| AHRS No. | NAK-023 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | June 6, 1980 |
| Designated AHRS | May 18, 1973 |


title: Chih-yu Shih

abstract: Chih-yu Shih is a political science professor in Taiwan and National Chair Professor of the Republic of China. He has proposed a balance of relationship theory that both universally applies to bilateral relationships and complements the existing balance of power theory.

text:
# Chih-yu Shih

**Chih-yu Shih** (Chinese: 石之瑜; pinyin: *Shí Zhīyú*; born 8 August 1958) is a political science professor in Taiwan and National Chair Professor of the Republic of China. He has proposed a balance of relationship theory that both universally applies to bilateral relationships and complements the existing balance of power theory.

## Life

Chih-yu Shih graduated from National Taiwan University. He earned an M.P.P. at Harvard University and Ph.D. at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies (the University of Denver).

He was a visiting scholar at Stanford, Duke, Princeton, Durham, Chuo University and University of Tübingen. His present occupation is:

## List of works (books in English)

* *Post-Chineseness: Cultural Politics and International Relations* (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2022).
* *Eros of International Relations: Self-feminizing and the Claiming of Postcolonial Chineseness* (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2022).
* *Colonial Legacies and Contemporary Studies of China and Chineseness: Unlearning Binaries, Strategizing Self* (Co-ed.) (Singapore: World Scientific, 2020)
* *China Studies in the Philippines: Intellectual Paths and the Formation of a Field* (Co-ed.) (London: Routledge, 2019).
* *China Studies in South and Southeast Asia: Between Pro-China and Objectivism* (Co-ed.) (Singapore: World Scientific, 2019).
* *China and International Theory: The Balance of Relationships* (London: Routledge, 2019).
* *From Sinology to Post-Chineseness: Intellectual Histories of China, Chinese People and Chinese Civilization* (ed.) (Beijing: Chinese Social Science Press, 2017).
* *Producing China in Southeast Asia – Knowledge, Identity and Migrant Chineseness* (ed.) (Singapore: Springer Nature, 2017).
* *Post-Communist Sinology in Transformation: Views from the Czech Republic, \*Mongolia, Poland, and Russia* (ed.) (Hong Kong: Chinese University Press of Hong Kong, 2016).
* *Understanding 21st Century China in Buddhist Asia: History, Modernity and International Relations* (Co-ed.) (Bangkok: Asia Research Center, Chulalongkorn University, 2016).
* *Post-Western International Relations Reconsidered: The Pre-modern Politics of Gongsun Long* (New York: Palgrave, 2015).
* *Re-producing Chineseness in Southeast Asia: Scholarship and Identity in Comparative Perspectives* (ed.) (Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge, 2015).\**Harmonious Intervention: China’s Quest for Relational Security* (Surrey: Ashgate, 2014).
* *Multicultural China: A Statistical Year Book* (Co-ed.) (New York: Springer, 2014).
* *Borderland Politics in Northern India* (Co-ed.) (Exon: Routledge, 2014).
* *Sinicizing International Relations: Self, Civilization and Intellectual Politics of Subaltern East Asia* (London: Palgrave, 2013).
* *Tibetan Studies in Comparaitive Perspectives* (co-ed.) (London: Routledge, 2012).
* *On India By China: From Civilization to Nation State* (co-ed.) (New York: Cambria, 2012).
* *Civilization, Modernity, and Nation in East Asia* (London: Routledge: 2012).
* *《はじめに──戦後日本の中国研究》*（合編）（東京：平凡社，2010）.
* *Democracy Made in Taiwan: The “Success State” as a Political Theory* (Lanham: Lexington Press, 2007).
* *Autonomy, Ethnicy and Poverty in Southwestern China: The State Turned Upside Down* (London: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2007).
* *Navigating Sovereignty: World Politics Lost in China* (London: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2003).
* *Negotiating Ethnicity in China: Citizenship as a Response to the State* (New York: Routledge, 2002).
* *Reform, Identity, and Chinese Foreign Policy* (Taipei: Vanguard Foundation, 2000).
* *Collective Democracy: The Political and Legal Reform in China* (Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press, together with Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999).
* *State and Society in China’s Political Economy: The Cultural Dynamics of China's Socialist Reform* (Boulder: Lynne Rienner 1995).
* *Symbolic War: The Chinese Use of Force, 1840-1980*, (co-author) (Taipei: Institute of International Relations, 1993).
* *China's Just World: The Morality of Chinese Foreign Policy* (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1993).
* *Contending Dramas: A Cognitive Approach to International Organizations* (co-editor) (New York: Praeger, 1992).
* *The Spirit of Chinese Foreign Policy: A Psycho-cultural View* (London: Macmillan 1990).

Source

## Honours and awards

* Excellence Research Award, National Science Council 1995–99, 2004–07
* Fulbright Scholar 1997
* Ministry of Education Academic Award 2000
* National Chair Professor Life time, Ministry of Education 2001–2004, 2013–
* University Chair Professor 2007-2019

and many others.

## InfoBox

| Chih-yu Shih | |
| --- | --- |
| 石之瑜 | |
| Born | (1958-08-08) August 8, 1958
Taipei City |
| Alma mater | National Taiwan University
Harvard University
University of Denver |
| Notable work | Chinese studies, anthropology of knowledge, international relations |
|  | |
| Institutions | National Taiwan University
National Sun Yat-sen University |
| Doctoral advisor | Jonathan Adelman |
|  | |


abstract: The men's 60 kg competition in judo at the 2022 Mediterranean Games was held on 29 June at the Mohammed Ben Ahmed Convention Centre in Oran.

text:
# Judo at the 2022 Mediterranean Games – Men's 60 kg

The **men's 60 kg** competition in judo at the 2022 Mediterranean Games was held on 29 June at the Mohammed Ben Ahmed Convention Centre in Oran.

## Results

### Main bracket

### Repechage

*

## InfoBox

| Men's 60 kg <br>at the 2022 Mediterranean Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Mohammed Ben Ahmed Convention Centre |
| Location | Oran, Algeria |
| Date | 29 June |
| Competitors | 12 from 12 nations |
| Medalists | |
| Spain  Tunisia  Egypt  Morocco | |
|


title: Fairbanks Gold Rush

abstract: The Fairbanks Gold Rush was a gold rush that took place in Fairbanks, Alaska in the early 1900s. Fairbanks was a city largely built on gold rush fervor at the turn of the 20th century. Discovery and exploration continue to thrive in and around modern-day Fairbanks.

text:
# Fairbanks Gold Rush

The **Fairbanks Gold Rush** was a gold rush that took place in Fairbanks, Alaska in the early 1900s. Fairbanks was a city largely built on gold rush fervor at the turn of the 20th century. Discovery and exploration continue to thrive in and around modern-day Fairbanks.

## History

Felix Pedro spent years searching for gold. He tried to find gold in the creeks and valleys of the Tanana Valley where Fairbanks would begin before he found the "American Klondike". A trader named E.T. Barnette and his wife, Isabelle, were aboard the riverboat *Lavelle Young* in August 1901, trying to establish a trading post at Tanacross on the Tanana River. Low water conditions stopped the journey before Barnette could reach his destination. Co-owner of the Lavelle Young, Captain Charles Adams, turned into the Chena River, a tributary of the Tanana, instead. Shallow water stopped the Lavelle Young, and Adams refused to go further, so the Barnettes set up shop there.

Barnette opened a trading post on the Chena River after Pedro had told him he had made some good "prospects". On July 22, 1902, Pedro discovered gold north of Fairbanks in Interior Alaska which triggered the beginning of the Fairbanks Gold Rush, which set off a stampede that transformed the town. Barnette dispatched Jujiro Wada, a Japanese immigrant from Ehime on Shikoku Island, to Dawson City to spread the word that gold had been found in order for Barnette to create a market for his goods. After Wada spread the word about the gold being discovered, many miners who had not already left for the Nome Gold Rush traveled to Fairbanks. The prospectors soon found jobs working for Barnette—prospecting for him by panning and sluicing for gold in Fairbanks.

The Fairbanks Exploration Company bought up claims within a 30 by 50 mile area and brought in gold dredges on the Alaska Railroad. The population of Fairbanks increased from 1,155 in 1920 to 2,101 in 1930. As Ira Harkey pointed out, "When the dredges finished their work, Fairbanks again shriveled. The dredges remain in the spots where they chewed their last bites, perfectly preserved in the dry arctic air, wooly mammoths for later ages."

On July 22, 1910, approximately eight years after he had discovered gold north of Fairbanks, Felix Pedro died at St. Joseph's Hospital in Fairbanks of an apparent heart attack.

65°0′25″N 147°29′4″W / 65.00694°N 147.48444°W / 65.00694; -147.48444


title: The Odyssey of Flight 33

abstract: "The Odyssey of Flight 33" is episode 54 of the American television anthology series The Twilight Zone, the 18th episode of the second season. An unlikely break of the time barrier finds a commercial airliner sent back into the prehistoric age and then to New York City of 1939. The tale is a modern telling of the Flying Dutchman myth, and was written by series creator Rod Serling. It originally aired on February 24, 1961 on CBS.

text:
# The Odyssey of Flight 33

"**The Odyssey of Flight 33**" is episode 54 of the American television anthology series *The Twilight Zone*, the 18th episode of the second season. An unlikely break of the time barrier finds a commercial airliner sent back into the prehistoric age and then to New York City of 1939. The tale is a modern telling of the *Flying Dutchman* myth, and was written by series creator Rod Serling. It originally aired on February 24, 1961 on CBS.

## Opening narration

> You're riding on a jet airliner en route from London to New York. You're at 35,000 feet atop an overcast and roughly fifty-five minutes from Idlewild Airport. But what you've seen occur inside the cockpit of this plane is no reflection on the aircraft or the crew. It's a safe, well-engineered, perfectly designed machine. And the men you've just met are a trained, cool, highly efficient team. The problem is simply that the plane is going too fast, and there is nothing within the realm of knowledge or at least logic to explain it. Unbeknownst to passenger and crew, this airplane is heading into an uncharted region well off the beaten track of commercial travelers—it's moving into The Twilight Zone. What you're about to see we call "The Odyssey of Flight 33."

## Plot

Global Airlines Flight 33 is en route from London to New York City. About 50 minutes from Idlewild Airport, Captain Farver and his crew notice that the ground speed of their Boeing 707 is rapidly increasing beyond all reason. Their true airspeed remains constant, so there is no risk of the plane breaking up. They can no longer contact anyone by radio.

The plane travels through a flash of light and severe turbulence; the captain wonders if they have gone through the sound barrier. There is no apparent damage to the aircraft. Still unable to contact anyone on the ground, and at the risk of potential collision with other aircraft, Farver finally decides to descend below the clouds. The crew is able to identify the coastline of Manhattan Island and other geographic landmarks, but there is no city. The crew realizes that they have traveled far back in time when they see grazing dinosaurs.

Their only hope of returning to the present day is to increase altitude and speed in an attempt to catch the same 'jet stream'. After another flash of light and violent shaking, New York City is once again visible, and although they still cannot contact Idlewild, they are able to reach LaGuardia Airport. However, the air traffic controller on the radio does not understand their technological references. The controller eventually clears the aircraft to land at LaGuardia, but orders the captain to report to the CAA office afterward; the captain remarks that they haven't called the Federal Aviation Agency by that name in years. The copilot spots the buildings and structures from the New York World's Fair of 1939 below, making the crew realize that they did come back, but "not far enough".

The captain attempts one more ascent before the fuel runs out, in an effort to return the plane to 1961. He addresses the passengers, explaining that they have traveled back in time. "All I ask of you is that you remain calm," he tells the passengers over the P.A. system, "...and pray."

## Closing narration

> A Global jet airliner, en route from London to New York on an uneventful afternoon in the year 1961, but now reported overdue and missing, and by now, searched for on land, sea, and air by anguished human beings, fearful of what they'll find. But you and I know where she is. You and I know what's happened. So if some moment, any moment, you hear the sound of jet engines flying atop the overcast—engines that sound searching and lost—engines that sound desperate—shoot up a flare or do something. That would be Global 33 trying to get home—from The Twilight Zone.

## Production notes

Serling originally developed the idea for the show when he learned that American Airlines had a mockup of a 707 interior, previously used for flight attendant training, that they would make available to TV or film production companies.

Serling's brother, aviation writer Robert J. Serling, helped Serling with the cockpit dialogue for the show by discussing the show's premise with a Trans World Airlines captain; after the show aired, several pilots later wrote to say that they thought the cockpit dialogue was among the most authentic ever in a television show.

The Brontosaurus model and miniature jungle set from the 1960 film *Dinosaurus!* were used for the stop motion animation.

LaGuardia Airport, although it had opened in October 1939 (and thus was open during the second half of the 1939–40 World's Fair held in New York), was not officially named after Mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia until 1947; up to that point, its official name was New York Municipal Airport. However, the nickname "LaGuardia Field" was in common use two weeks after the airport opened.

## Graphic novel

This episode was one of several *Twilight Zone* stories adapted as a graphic novel. The adaptation expands upon the television episode, including a subplot involving several passengers and flight crew, as well as updating the story to 1973. It also adds a time jump to the future.

* DeVoe, Bill. (2008). *Trivia from The Twilight Zone*. Albany, GA: Bear Manor Media. ISBN 978-1-59393-136-0
* Grams, Martin. (2008). *The Twilight Zone: Unlocking the Door to a Television Classic*. Churchville, MD: OTR Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9703310-9-0

## InfoBox

| "**The Odyssey of Flight 33**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *The Twilight Zone* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 2<br>Episode 18 |
| Directed by | Justus Addiss |
| Written by | Rod Serling |
| Featured music | Stock |
| Production code | 173-3651 |
| Original air date | February 24, 1961 (1961-02-24) |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


title: Shyamsundarpur

abstract: Syamsundarpur is a village in Chakulia community development block in East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand, India. Nearby places are Baharagora and Dhalbhumgar.

text:
# Shyamsundarpur

**Syamsundarpur** is a village in Chakulia community development block in East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand, India. Nearby places are Baharagora and Dhalbhumgar.

## Demographics

As per 2011 Census of India, Shyam Sunderpur had a total population of 353 of which 185 (52%) were males and 168 (48%) were females. Population below age 6 was 29. The total number of literates in Shyam Sunderpur was 219 (67.59% of the population over age 6 ).

## Sanskrit as a native language

Indian newspapers have published reports about Shyamsundarpur village (in Odisha), where a large parts of the population, including children, use Sanskrit as a native language in everyday communication.

## InfoBox

| Shyamsundarpur Shyam Sunderpur | |
| --- | --- |
| ShyamsundarpurLocation in Jharkhand, IndiaShyamsundarpurShyamsundarpur (India) | |
| Coordinates: 22°33′06″N 86°45′51″E / 22.5518°N 86.7643°E / 22.5518; 86.7643 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Jharkhand |
| District | Purbi Singhbhum |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 353 |
| Languages | |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | JH |


title: Blush With Pride

abstract: Blush With Pride was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. A winner of the Kentucky Oaks, Blush With Pride won graded stakes races on both dirt and turf during her racing career. She later went on to become an important broodmare.

text:
# Blush With Pride

**Blush With Pride** (June 5, 1979 – August 16, 2005) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. A winner of the Kentucky Oaks, Blush With Pride won graded stakes races on both dirt and turf during her racing career. She later went on to become an important broodmare.

## Background

Blush With Pride was a chestnut mare bred in Kentucky by Darrell and Lendy Brown. She is from the first crop of Blushing Groom, a French-bred stallion who won four French Group 1 races at age two and the Poule d'Essai des Poulains at age three. He was named the French champion 2-year-old male in 1976 and the French, English and European champion miler in 1977. Her dam, Best In Show, won the Comely Stakes at Aqueduct in 1968. As a broodmare, she also produced Sex Appeal, the dam of Try My Best and El Gran Senor; Irish champion 2-year-old male Malinowski; Minnie Hauk, the dam of Aviance; Monroe, the dam of Xaar; Gielgud, winner of the Champagne Stakes in England; and Nijinsky's Best, dam of Yagli. Due in part to Blush With Pride's success, Best In Show was named the 1982 Kentucky Broodmare of the Year.

As a yearling, Blush With Pride was purchased at the Keeneland July yearling sale by her eventual trainer D. Wayne Lukas for $650,000 on behalf of Leonard K. Firestone, the father of Lendy Brown.

## Racing career

### 1981: two-year-old season

Blush With Pride made her first start on October 2, 1981, in a maiden special weight race at Santa Anita Park, where she finished sixth. She followed up with a third-place run in another Santa Anita maiden special weight on October 23, before breaking her maiden on November 7. From there, she ran second in the Turkish Trousers Stakes at Hollywood Park on December 16. Following her two-year-old season, she was bought back from Leonard K. Firestone by her breeders, Darrell and Lendy Brown, and subsequently raced in the name of their Stonereath Farm.

### 1982: three-year-old season

Blush With Pride began her three-year-old campaign with two allowance races at Santa Anita, finishing second on January 3 and first on January 28. She ran second in the Santa Ysabel Stakes before winning the Santa Susana Stakes, now known as the Santa Anita Oaks. She was then sent east for another victory in the Ashland Stakes at Keeneland on April 14 in preparation for the April 30 Kentucky Oaks. In the Kentucky Oaks, Blush With Pride was sent off at odds of 2–1 against six other fillies, winning by 34 lengths over race favorite and 1981 champion two-year-old filly Before Dawn.

Following her Oaks victory, Blush With Pride was shipped to Belmont Park for the Mother Goose Stakes, where she finished third. She then finished fifth in the Coaching Club American Oaks before a six-week layoff. She was then sent to Del Mar for the Del Mar Oaks. Following her fifth-place finish, her connections decided to try racing her on turf and entered her in the Grade III Golden Harvest Handicap at Louisiana Downs, which she won. She was next tried against males in the Super Derby, also at Louisiana Downs, but finished fifth. Her final start was a second-place finish to champion older female Track Robbery in the Spinster Stakes at Keeneland.

Blush With Pride was rated at 120 pounds on the Daily Racing Form's Free Handicap for three-year-old fillies, the third highest weight below champion Christmas Past and Cupecoy's Joy.

## Retirement

As a broodmare, Blush With Pride changed ownership several times. She produced 15 foals. Of those 15 foals, 11 raced, 9 won, and 3 won graded stakes.

She did not produce a stakes winner until her seventh foal, Smolensk, foaled in 1992. Sired by Danzig, Smolensk was a Group II winner in France. Like her dam, she was more successful later in her broodmare career and produced Can the Man, winner of the 2014 Affirmed Stakes, and listed stakes winner Martha's Moon. She also produced the unraced stallion Sought After, sire of Masochistic.

Blush With Pride's 1996 Deputy Minister filly, Better Than Honour, won the 1998 Demoiselle Stakes and went on to become a highly successful broodmare. Her progeny include Jazil and Rags to Riches, who won the Belmont Stakes in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Rags to Riches went on to become the 2007 American Champion Three-Year-Old Filly. Better Than Honour also produced Peter Pan Stakes winner Casino Drive and Breeders' Cup Marathon winner Man of Iron. In 2008, Better Than Honour sold for $14 million to Southern Equine Stables, setting a world record price for a broodmare or broodmare prospect at auction.

In 1997, Blush With Pride was sold, in foal to Deputy Minister, and was sent to Ireland. The foal she was carrying at the time, Turnberry Isle, became an Irish Group III winner.

In 1999, Blush With Pride produced Maryinsky, a Sadler's Wells filly who finished second in the 2001 Fillies' Mile. Maryinsky's first foal Peeping Fawn won the 2007 Irish Oaks and became the 2007 Cartier Champion Three-year-old Filly. Maryinsky is also the dam of Thewayyouare, a sire and winner of the 2007 Critérium Internationale.

Blush With Pride's 2000 foal by Dayjur, Fire Thunder, finished third in the Al Maktoum Challenge, Round 1 in 2000.

## Death

Blush With Pride died in Ireland on August 16, 2005. She had been pensioned from broodmare duty following the birth of her 2003 foal, a Sadler's Wells colt named Poland.

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Blush With Pride, chestnut mare, foaled June 5, 1979
| Sire
Blushing Groom
chestnut 1974 | Red God
ch. 1954 | Nasrullah
b. 1940 | Nearco |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Mumtaz Begum |
| | Spring Run
b. 1948 | Menow |
| | Boola Brook |
| | Runaway Bride
b. 1962 | Wild Risk
b. 1940 | Rialto |
| | | Wild Violet |
| | Aimee
b. 1957 | Tudor Minstrel |
| | Emali |
| Dam
Best in Show
chestnut 1965 | Traffic Judge
ch. 1952 | Alibhai
ch. 1938 | Hyperion |
| | | Teresina |
| | Traffic Court
br. 1938 | Discovery |
| | Traffic |
| | Stolen Hour
ch. 1953 | Mr. Busher
ch. 1946 | War Admiral |
| | | Baby League |
| | Late Date
b. 1929 | Hourless |
| | Herd Girl (Family 8-f) |

## InfoBox

| Blush With Pride | |
| --- | --- |
| Sire | Blushing Groom |
| Grandsire | Red God |
| Dam | Best In Show |
| Damsire | Traffic Judge |
| Sex | Mare |
| Foaled | June 5, 1979 |
| Died | August 16, 2005(2005-08-16) (aged 26) |
| Country | United States |
| Colour | Chestnut |
| Breeder | Mr. and Mrs. Darrell Brown |
| Trainer | D. Wayne Lukas |
| Record | 16: 6-4-2 |
| Earnings | $536,807 |
| Major wins | |
| Santa Susana Stakes (1982)
Ashland Stakes (1982)
Kentucky Oaks (1982)
Golden Harvest Handicap (1982) | |
| Last updated on June 8, 2018 | |


title: Chlorophyll(ide) b reductase

abstract:
Chlorophyll(ide) b reductase (EC 1.1.1.294), chlorophyll b reductase, Chl b reductase) is an enzyme with systematic name 7ⁱ-hydroxychlorophyllide-a:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
  - 7ⁱ-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NAD(P)+ ⇌ chlorophyllide b + NAD(P)H + H+ This enzyme carries out the first step in the conversion of chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a. It is involved in chlorophyll degradation, which occurs during leaf senescence, and it also forms part of the chlorophyll cycle, which interconverts chlorophyll a and b in response to changing light conditions.

text:
# Chlorophyll(ide) b reductase

**Chlorophyll(ide) *b* reductase** (EC 1.1.1.294), *chlorophyll b reductase*, *Chl b reductase*) is an enzyme with systematic name *71-hydroxychlorophyllide-a:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase*. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

71-hydroxychlorophyllide *a* \+ NAD(P)+ $\rightleftharpoons $ chlorophyllide *b* \+ NAD(P)H + H+

This enzyme carries out the first step in the conversion of chlorophyll *b* to chlorophyll *a*. It is involved in chlorophyll degradation, which occurs during leaf senescence, and it also forms part of the chlorophyll cycle, which interconverts chlorophyll *a* and *b* in response to changing light conditions.

## InfoBox

| Chlorophyll(ide) *b* reductase | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 1.1.1.294 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |


title: Dzwola

abstract: Dzwola is a village in Janów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Dzwola. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) east of Janów Lubelski and 61 km (38 mi) south of the regional capital Lublin.

text:
# Dzwola

**Dzwola** \[ˈd͡zvɔla\] is a village in Janów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Dzwola. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) east of Janów Lubelski and 61 km (38 mi) south of the regional capital Lublin.

## InfoBox

| Dzwola | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Dzwola | |
| Coordinates: 50°42′N 22°34′E / 50.700°N 22.567°E / 50.700; 22.567 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Janów Lubelski |
| Gmina | Dzwola |
| Population | 936 |


title: Lepidochrysops peculiaris

abstract: Lepidochrysops peculiaris, the peculiar blue, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. The habitat consists of heavy woodland, coastal forests, grassland and grassy areas in savanna. Both sexes feed from the flowers of herbaceous plants and small bushes. Adults have been recorded on wing from October to January and in September and December. The larvae feed on Lantana camara.

text:
# Lepidochrysops peculiaris

***Lepidochrysops peculiaris***, the **peculiar blue**, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. The habitat consists of heavy woodland, coastal forests, grassland and grassy areas in savanna.

Both sexes feed from the flowers of herbaceous plants and small bushes. Adults have been recorded on wing from October to January and in September and December.

The larvae feed on *Lantana camara*.

## Subspecies

* *Lepidochrysops peculiaris peculiaris* (coast of Kenya, Tanzania: coast and Usambara Mountains)
* *Lepidochrysops peculiaris hypoleucus* (Butler, 1893) (Kenya: inland areas, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe)

## InfoBox

| *Lepidochrysops peculiaris* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lycaenidae |
| Genus: | *Lepidochrysops* |
| Species: | ***L. peculiaris*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lepidochrysops peculiaris***<br>(Rogenhofer, 1891) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Chrysophanus peculiaris* Rogenhofer, 1891 * *Neochrysops peculiaris* * *Lycaena perpulchra* Holland, 1892 * *Castalius hypoleucus* Butler, 1893 * *Catochrysops hypoleucus* * *Lycaena exclusa* Trimen, 1894 | |