title: Dana Allison

abstract: Dana Eric Allison is a retired professional baseball player whose playing career spanned six seasons, including a part of one in Major League Baseball with the Oakland Athletics (1991). Allison was a pitcher over his career. During his time in the majors, Allison went 1–1 with a 7.39 earned run average (ERA) and four strikeouts in 11 games, all in relief. He also played in the minor leagues with the Class-A Short Season Southern Oregon A's (1989), the Class-A Madison Muskies (1989), the Class-A Advanced Modesto A's (1990), the Double-A Huntsville Stars and the Triple-A Tacoma Tigers (1990–1994). Before playing professionally, Allison was a member of the James Madison Dukes baseball team while attending James Madison University.

text:
# Dana Allison

**Dana Eric Allison** (born August 14, 1966) is a retired professional baseball player whose playing career spanned six seasons, including a part of one in Major League Baseball with the Oakland Athletics (1991). Allison was a pitcher over his career. During his time in the majors, Allison went 1–1 with a 7.39 earned run average (ERA) and four strikeouts in 11 games, all in relief. He also played in the minor leagues with the Class-A Short Season Southern Oregon A's (1989), the Class-A Madison Muskies (1989), the Class-A Advanced Modesto A's (1990), the Double-A Huntsville Stars (1990, 1992–1993) and the Triple-A Tacoma Tigers (1990–1994). Before playing professionally, Allison was a member of the James Madison Dukes baseball team while attending James Madison University.

## Amateur career

Allison attended Warren County High School in Front Royal, Virginia. After high school, Allison enrolled at James Madison University where he played baseball with the school's team. Allison attended James Madison from 1986 to 1989. During the 14th round of the 1988 Major League Baseball Draft, the Los Angeles Dodgers selected Allison, but he was not signed by the club and instead returned to school. In the 1989 Major League Baseball Draft, Allison was selected by the Oakland Athletics in the 21st round and later signed a professional contract with them.

During his time at James Madison, Allison was named the Colonial Athletic Association (CCA) Player of the Year and All-American in 1988; was a two-time All-CCA selection; and is in the top-five for career wins (25), complete games (23) and strikeouts in James Madison Dukes history. As a part of the 25th anniversary of the CCA, they released a "Silver Anniversary Team" for baseball featuring Allison and other players who have had a significant contribution to CCA baseball over its history. In 1991, after making his major league debut, Allison became the second attendee of James Madison University to do so (behind Billy Sample in 1978).

## Professional career

After being selected by the Oakland Athletics in the 1989 Major League Baseball Draft, Allison was assigned to the Class-A Short Season Southern Oregon A's. With Southern Oregon, Allison pitched in 11 games and went 0–2 with a 1.84 earned run average (ERA). Later during the 1989 season, Allison was called up to the Class-A Madison Muskies, where he went 2–3 with a 1.12 ERA in 13 games, all in relief. In 1990, Allison played for their team; the Class-A Advanced Modesto A's, the Double-A Huntsville Stars and the Triple-A Tacoma Tigers. With Modesto, Allison went without a decision while compiling a 2.33 ERA and four saves in 10 games, all in relief. Allison played 35 games at the Double-A level that season and went 7–1 with a 2.39 ERA and two saves. Finally, at the Triple-A level that season, Allison pitched in two games giving-up no runs.

Before the 1990 season, Allison re-signed a minor league contract with the Athletics. He attended spring training with the Athletics that season. Allison's contract was purchased by the Athletics on April 9, meaning he had been called up to play in Major League Baseball. He made his major league debut on April 12, against the Seattle Mariners, pitching 13 of an inning, walking one and giving-up no runs. Allison's first win came on April 14 against the Mariners, pitching one inning, giving-up no runs. In the majors that season, Allison went 1–1 with a 7.36 ERA and four strikeouts in 11 games, all in relief. On May 28, Allison was optioned to Triple-A Tacoma after the Athletics activated pitcher Dave Stewart. Allison spent the rest of the 1991 season with Tacoma, going 3–1 with a 4.37 ERA and 13 strikeouts in 18 games, all in relief.

Allison spent the 1992 season with the Double-A Huntsville Stars and the Triple-A Tacoma Tigers. With the Stars, he went 4–1 with a 2.93 ERA, one save and 40 strikeouts in 22 games, six starts. During his time in Tacoma that season, Allison went 2–3 with a 4.84 ERA and 17 strikeouts in 19 games, four starts. Allison spent his final season as a player in professional baseball in 1994. He played with the Triple-A Tacoma Tigers that season, going 10–8 with a 5.78 ERA, two complete games, two shutouts and 60 strikeouts in 33 games, 21 starts. Allison led all Tacoma pitchers in wins.

## Personal life

Allison is the son of Calvin Coolidge Allison Jr. (b. 1943) and his wife, Nina Eloise (née Smith, b. 1944). Aside from his father and grandfather being named after a President of the United States, his 2nd great-uncle Grover Cleveland Glascock is as well.

His fifth cousin three times removed is former Major League player Jack Glasscock.

General references 1. "Dana Allison Statistics and History". *Baseball-Reference*. Sports Reference, LLC. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
2. "Dana Allison Minor League Statistics & History". *Baseball-Reference*. Sports Reference, LLC. Retrieved August 20, 2010.

Inline citations

## InfoBox

| Dana Allison | |
| --- | --- |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:**  (1966-08-14) August 14, 1966
Front Royal, Virginia | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Left | |
| MLB debut | |
| April 12, 1991, for the Oakland Athletics | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| May 23, 1991, for the Oakland Athletics | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Win–loss record | 1–1 |
| Earned run average | 7.39 |
| Strikeouts | 4 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Georgi Stamatov

abstract: Georgi Porfiriev Stamatov was a Bulgarian writer. He is not to be confused with the actor and director Georgi Stamatov (1893–1965). He was born in Tiraspol, Bessarabia, and until his teens believed himself to be Russian. His father moved to Bulgaria after the war of liberation in 1879, and Georgi joined him three years later. He graduated from military school in Sofia, and was an officer in an artillery regiment for a short time, but did not care for this career and instead began to study law at Sofia University. For most of his life he worked as a judge. Although his first published work was a poem (1890), he did not consider himself a poet and for the most part wrote pessimistic and ironic short stories set in provincial cities. His first story was published in the journal Thought in 1893, and much of his work is scattered among periodicals, with small book-size compilations appearing in 1905, 1915, and 1929. He died in Sofia in 1942.

text:
# Georgi Stamatov

**Georgi Porfiriev Stamatov** (Bulgarian: Георги Порфириев Стаматов, 25 May 1869 – 9 November 1942) was a Bulgarian writer.

He is not to be confused with the actor and director Georgi Stamatov (1893–1965).

He was born in Tiraspol, Bessarabia (then part of the Russian Empire), and until his teens believed himself to be Russian. His father moved to Bulgaria after the war of liberation in 1879, and Georgi joined him three years later. He graduated from military school in Sofia, and was an officer in an artillery regiment for a short time, but did not care for this career and instead began to study law at Sofia University. For most of his life he worked as a judge.

Although his first published work was a poem (1890), he did not consider himself a poet and for the most part wrote pessimistic and ironic short stories set in provincial cities. His first story was published in the journal *Thought* in 1893, and much of his work is scattered among periodicals, with small book-size compilations appearing in 1905, 1915, and 1929. He died in Sofia in 1942.

## Selected works

### Stories (selected)

* "Dimo Vestovoy"
* "Paladin"
* "Little Sodom"
* "Viryanov"
* "Narzanovi"


title: Caribbean martin

abstract: The Caribbean martin or white-bellied martin is a large swallow. It has at various times been considered alternatively as a race of the purple martin, Progne subis.

text:
# Caribbean martin

The **Caribbean martin** or **white-bellied martin** (***Progne dominicensis***) is a large swallow.

It has at various times been considered alternatively as a race of the purple martin, *Progne subis*.

## Taxonomy

In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the Caribbean martin in the second volume of his *Ornithologie* based on a specimen collected in the French colony of Saint-Domingue on the island of Hispaniola. He used the French name *L'hirondelle de S. Dominigue* and the Latin name *Hirundo Dominicensis*. Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. The Caribbean martin was subsequently described by the French polymath, the Comte de Buffon, in 1779 and by the English ornithologist John Latham in 1783. Latham used the English name "St Dominico swallow" but neither Buffon nor Latham introduced a scientific name.

The German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin included the Caribbean martin when he revised and expanded Carl Linnaeus's *Systema Naturae* in 1789. He placed it with the swallows in the genus *Hirundo* and coined the binomial name *Hirundo dominicensis*. The specific epithet *dominicensis*  is from Santo Domingo. The Caribbean martin is now one of nine species placed in the genus *Progne* that was introduced in 1826 by the German zoologist Friedrich Boie. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.

## Description

Adult Caribbean martins are 18.5 cm in length, with a forked tail and relatively broad wings, and weigh 40 g. Adult males are a glossy blue-black with contrasting white lower underparts. Females and juveniles are duller than the male, with grey-brown breast and flanks and white lower underparts.

## Distribution

It breeds throughout the Caribbean, except on Cuba and Isla de la Juventud, where it is replaced by the related Cuban martin (*P. cryptoleuca*). It is closely related to the aforementioned species, as well as the Sinaloa martin (*P. sinaloae*) to which it used to be considered conspecific. There are sight records from mainland Central and South America, and most birds appear to migrate to the South American mainland. A single bird was recorded in Key West, Florida, on May 9, 1895 (AOU 2000).

## Behaviour

The Caribbean martin nests in cavities in banks and buildings, or old woodpecker holes. 3-6 eggs are laid in the lined nest, and incubated for 15 days, with another 26-27 to fledging. Just as the purple martin, this species may compete with other passerines for nesting cavities. In particular, the main foe is the house sparrow  in urban areas, where they mostly use man-made structures, whereas in more rural locations *Picidae* holes in coconut trees are favored, and there is less competition with the sparrows.

Caribbean martins are gregarious birds which hunt for insects in flight. Their call is a gurgly *chew-chew*.

* American Ornithologists' Union (AOU) (2000): Forty-second supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds. *Auk* **117**(3): 847–858. DOI: 10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117\[0847:FSSTTA\]2.0.CO;2
* ffrench, Richard; O'Neill, John Patton & Eckelberry, Don R. (1991): *A guide to the birds of Trinidad and Tobago* (2nd edition). Comstock Publishing, Ithaca, N.Y.. ISBN 0-8014-9792-2
* Hilty, Steven L. (2003): *Birds of Venezuela*. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-6418-5
* Turner, Angela & Rose, Chris (1989): *Swallows and martins: an identification guide and handbook*. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-51174-7

## InfoBox

| Caribbean martin | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Illustration by R. B. Sharpe (1894) | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Hirundinidae |
| Genus: | *Progne* |
| Species: | ***P. dominicensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Progne dominicensis***
(Gmelin, JF, 1789) | |
|
|  | |


title: European Lutheran Conference

abstract: The European Lutheran Conference (ELC) is an association of Confessional Lutheran churches in Europe. The full members of the conference are in altar and pulpit fellowship with one another. The members of the ELC are also members of the International Lutheran Council.

text:
# European Lutheran Conference

The **European Lutheran Conference** (ELC) is an association of Confessional Lutheran churches in Europe. The full members of the conference are in altar and pulpit fellowship with one another. The members of the ELC are also members of the International Lutheran Council.

## Member churches

The European Lutheran Conference includes the following Lutheran churches as full members:

## Organization

The current officers are Chairman Klaus Pahlen of the SELK; Vice-chairman Leif Jensen of the ELFKiDk; and Secretary Claudio Flor of the ELCE. The 2018 Conference was in Hoddesdon, England.


title: Say Something (Karen Harding song)

abstract: "Say Something" is the debut single by English recording artist Karen Harding. The song was released in the United Kingdom as a digital download on 1 February 2015 through Method Records. The song was written by Karen Harding and Uzoechi Emenike who also produced the song. The song peaked at number 7 on the UK Singles Chart.

text:
# Say Something (Karen Harding song)

"**Say Something**" is the debut single by English recording artist Karen Harding. The song was released in the United Kingdom as a digital download on 1 February 2015 through Method Records. The song was written by Karen Harding and Uzoechi Emenike who also produced the song. The song peaked at number 7 on the UK Singles Chart.

## Music video

A music video to accompany the release of "Say Something" was first released onto YouTube on 30 September 2014 at a total length of three minutes and thirty-eight seconds.

## Track listing

Digital download
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Say Something" | 3:38 |

Digital download - EP
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Say Something" (Zac Samuel Remix) | 3:33 |
| 2. | "Say Something" (Bodhi Remix) | 3:38 |
| 3. | "Say Something" (Wookie Remix) | 5:00 |
| 4. | "Those Girls" | 5:00 |

Digital download – Remixes
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Say Something" (LuvBug Remix) | 5:27 |
| 2. | "Say Something" (S.P.Y Remix) | 5:45 |
| 3. | "Say Something" (Clutch Remix) | 6:01 |

12" vinyl
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Say Something" | 3:38 |
| 2. | "Say Something" (Zac Samuel Remix) | 3:33 |

## Charts

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | 2× Platinum | 1,200,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom | 1 February 2015 | Digital download | Method Records |  |
|

## InfoBox

| "Say Something" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Karen Harding | |
| from the album  *Take Me Somewhere* | |
| B-side | "Those Girls" |
| Released | 19 October 2014 |
| Recorded | 2014 |
| Genre | Deep house |
| Length | 3:39 |
| Label | Method Records |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | MNEK |
| Karen Harding singles chronology | |
| "**Say Something**"
(2014) "New Love"
(2015) | |


title: Q.931

abstract:
ITU-T Recommendation Q.931 is the ITU standard ISDN connection control signalling protocol, forming part of Digital Subscriber Signalling System No. 1. Unlike connectionless systems like UDP, ISDN is connection oriented and uses explicit signalling to manage call state: Q.931. Q.931 typically does not carry user data. Q.931 does not have a direct equivalent in the Internet Protocol stack, but can be compared to SIP. Q.931 does not provide flow control or perform retransmission, since the underlying layers are assumed to be reliable and the circuit-oriented nature of ISDN allocates bandwidth in fixed increments of 64 kbit/s. Amongst other things, Q.931 manages connection setup and breakdown. Like TCP, Q.931 documents both the protocol itself and a protocol state machine. Q.931 was designed for ISDN call establishment, maintenance, and release of network connections between two DTEs on the ISDN D channel. Q.931 has more recently been used as part of the VoIP H.323 protocol stack and in modified form in some mobile phone transmission systems and in ATM. A Q.931 frame contains the following elements:
  - Protocol discriminator (PD) – Specifies which signaling protocol is used for the connection
  - Call reference value (CR) – Addresses different connections which can exist simultaneously. The value is valid only during the actual time period of the connection
  - Message type (MT) – Specifies the type of a layer 3 message out of the Q.931-defined Message type set for call control. There are messages defined for the call setup, the call release and the control of call features.
  - Information elements (IE) – Specify further information which is associated to the actual message. An IE contains the IE name, their length and a variable field of contents.

text:
# Q.931

**ITU-T Recommendation Q.931** is the ITU standard ISDN connection control signalling protocol, forming part of *Digital Subscriber Signalling System No. 1*. Unlike connectionless systems like UDP, ISDN is connection oriented and uses explicit signalling to manage call state: Q.931. Q.931 typically does not carry user data. Q.931 does not have a direct equivalent in the Internet Protocol stack, but can be compared to SIP. Q.931 does not provide flow control or perform retransmission, since the underlying layers are assumed to be reliable and the circuit-oriented nature of ISDN allocates bandwidth in fixed increments of 64 kbit/s. Amongst other things, Q.931 manages connection setup and breakdown. Like TCP, Q.931 documents both the protocol itself and a protocol state machine.

Q.931 was designed for ISDN call establishment, maintenance, and release of network connections between two DTEs on the ISDN D channel. Q.931 has more recently been used as part of the VoIP H.323 protocol stack (see H.225.0) and in modified form in some mobile phone transmission systems and in ATM.

A Q.931 frame contains the following elements:

* Protocol discriminator (PD) – Specifies which signaling protocol is used for the connection (e.g. PD=8 for DSS1)
* Call reference value (CR) – Addresses different connections which can exist simultaneously. The value is valid only during the actual time period of the connection
* Message type (MT) – Specifies the type of a layer 3 message out of the Q.931-defined Message type set for call control (e.g. SETUP). There are messages defined for the call setup, the call release and the control of call features.
* Information elements (IE) – Specify further information which is associated to the actual message. An IE contains the IE name (e.g. bearer capability), their length and a variable field of contents.

## Message examples

Messages typically control or report the status of connections. For example:

* SETUP (indicating the establishment of a connection)
* CALL PROCEEDING (indicating that the call is being processed by the destination terminal)
* ALERTING (tells the calling party that the destination terminal is ringing)
* CONNECT (sent back to the calling party indicating that the intended destination has answered the call)
* DISCONNECT (sent to indicate a request to terminate the connection, by the end that seeks to terminate)
* RELEASE (sent in response to the disconnect request indicating that the call is to be terminated).
* RELEASE COMPLETE (sent by the receiver of the release to complete the handshake).
* RESTART (Reset D Channel to idle)

## Disconnect causes

| Hex | Decimal | Cause |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 0x1 | 1 | Unallocated or unassigned number |
| 0x2 | 2 | No route to specified transit network (Transit Network Identity) |
| 0x3 | 3 | No route to destination |
| 0x4 | 4 | Send special information tone |
| 0x5 | 5 | Misdialled trunk prefix |
| 0x6 | 6 | Channel unacceptable |
| 0x7 | 7 | Call awarded and being delivered in an established channel |
| 0x8 | 8 | Prefix 0 dialed but not allowed |
| 0x9 | 9 | Prefix 1 dialed but not allowed |
| 0xA | 10 | Prefix 1 not dialed but required |
| 0xB | 11 | More digits received than allowed, call is proceeding |
| 0x10 | 16 | Normal call clearing |
| 0x11 | 17 | User busy |
| 0x12 | 18 | No user responding |
| 0x13 | 19 | T.301 expired: – User Alerted, No answer from user |
| 0x15 | 21 | Call rejected |
| 0x16 | 22 | Number changed to number in diagnostic field. |
| 0x17 | 23 | Reverse charging rejected |
| 0x18 | 24 | Call suspended |
| 0x19 | 25 | Call resumed |
| 0x1A | 26 | Non-selected user clearing |
| 0x1B | 27 | Destination out of order |
| 0x1C | 28 | Invalid number format or incomplete address |
| 0x1D | 29 | EKTS facility rejected by network |
| 0x1E | 30 | Response to STATUS ENQUIRY |
| 0x1F | 31 | Normal, unspecified |
| 0x21 | 33 | Circuit out of order |
| 0x22 | 34 | No circuit/channel available |
| 0x23 | 35 | Destination unattainable |
| 0x24 | 36 | Out of order |
| 0x25 | 37 | Degraded service |
| 0x26 | 38 | Network out of order |
| 0x27 | 39 | Transit delay range cannot be achieved |
| 0x28 | 40 | Throughput range cannot be achieved |
| 0x29 | 41 | Temporary failure |
| 0x2A | 42 | Switching equipment congestion |
| 0x2B | 43 | Access information discarded |
| 0x2C | 44 | Requested circuit channel not available |
| 0x2D | 45 | Preempted |
| 0x2E | 46 | Precedence call blocked |
| 0x2F | 47 | Resource unavailable, unspecified |
| 0x31 | 49 | Quality of service unavailable |
| 0x32 | 50 | Requested facility not subscribed |
| 0x33 | 51 | Reverse charging not allowed |
| 0x34 | 52 | Outgoing calls barred |
| 0x35 | 53 | Outgoing calls barred within CUG |
| 0x36 | 54 | Incoming calls barred |
| 0x37 | 55 | Incoming calls barred within CUG |
| 0x38 | 56 | Call waiting not subscribed |
| 0x39 | 57 | Bearer capability not authorized |
| 0x3A | 58 | Bearer capability not presently available |
| 0x3F | 63 | Service or option not available, unspecified |
| 0x41 | 65 | Bearer service not implemented |
| 0x42 | 66 | Channel type not implemented |
| 0x43 | 67 | Transit network selection not implemented |
| 0x44 | 68 | Message not implemented |
| 0x45 | 69 | Requested facility not implemented |
| 0x46 | 70 | Only restricted digital information bearer capability is available |
| 0x4F | 79 | Service or option not implemented, unspecified |
| 0x51 | 81 | Invalid call reference value |
| 0x52 | 82 | Identified channel does not exist |
| 0x53 | 83 | A suspended call exists, but this call identity does not |
| 0x54 | 84 | Call identity in use |
| 0x55 | 85 | No call suspended |
| 0x56 | 86 | Call having the requested call identity has been cleared |
| 0x57 | 87 | Called user not member of CUG |
| 0x58 | 88 | Incompatible destination |
| 0x59 | 89 | Non-existent abbreviated address entry |
| 0x5A | 90 | Destination address missing, and direct call not subscribed |
| 0x5B | 91 | Invalid transit network selection (national use) |
| 0x5C | 92 | Invalid facility parameter 93 Mandatory information element is missing |
| 0x5D | 93 | Message type non-existent or not implemented |
| 0x5F | 95 | Invalid message, unspecified |
| 0x60 | 96 | Mandatory information element is missing |
| 0x61 | 97 | Message type non-existent or not implemented |
| 0x62 | 98 | Message not compatible with call state or message type non-existent or not implemented |
| 0x63 | 99 | Information element nonexistent or not implemented |
| 0x64 | 100 | Invalid information element contents |
| 0x65 | 101 | Message not compatible with call state |
| 0x66 | 102 | Recovery on timer expiry |
| 0x67 | 103 | Parameter non-existent or not implemented – passed on |
| 0x6F | 111 | Protocol error, unspecified |
| 0x7F | 127 | Internetworking, unspecified |
| 0x80+ | 128 or higher | Proprietary diagnostic code (not necessarily bad). Typically used to pass proprietary control or maintenance messages between multiplexers. |

## Q.2931

Q.2931 is a modified and extended variant of Q.931 for use on "B-ISDN" or ATM networks. Q.2931 fulfils a purpose within BISDN similar to that of Q.931 in ISDN. Whilst ISDN allocates bandwidth in fixed 64k increments, B-ISDN/ATM incorporates an elaborate traffic management scheme, allowing precise specification of virtual circuit traffic parameters such as peak and mean bandwidth, jitter, cell loss ratio and so on. In order that ATM switches can manage bandwidth allocation in the network, encodings to express these parameters were added in Q.2931.

Unlike Q.931, although Q.2931 was implemented by many switch manufacturers, it was never widely deployed.

## InfoBox

Q.931
| ISDN user-network interface layer 3 specification for basic call control | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Status | In force |
| Year started | 1988 |
| Latest version | (05/98)<br>May 1998 |
| Organization | ITU-T |
| Related standards | H.323 |
| Website | https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Q.931 |


title: Crimetime Saturday

abstract: Crimetime Saturday is the official branding for a programming block that started in 2004–05 on the American CBS and Canadian CTV networks Saturday nights. However, the branding is only listed by CBS and industry sources as a placeholder for the time slot, and not as an official on-air branding for the night. The first two hours feature reruns of CBS's crime drama procedural series, which over the years have included the four series of the CSI franchise, Criminal Minds, NCIS, NCIS: Los Angeles, Cold Case, Flashpoint, The Mentalist, Blue Bloods and FBI, with the final hour featuring a new or encore edition of the CBS News newsmagazine program 48 Hours, which focuses on true crime stories. Several times a year 48 Hours will air two-hour specials or consecutive episodes. Beginning in the 2011–2012 season, the block was reduced to two hours from three to make room for Comedytime Saturday, a one-hour sitcom block, from 8 to 9 p.m. ET/PT. However, that hour was restored to Crimetime for the 2012–2013 season due to that block never being executed as planned and becoming a basic hour of repeat sitcoms. In a few cases, burned off shows such as Made in Jersey have aired in the first or both hours to minimize ratings damage, along with a new episode of Vegas in mid-April 2013 pushed up by a night due to CBS News coverage of the apprehension of the Boston Marathon bombing suspect. The Crimetime block was re-reduced to two hours of Saturday night for the 2013–2014 season with the return of Comedytime Saturday, but returned for the full three hours in the 2014–2015 season after a reduction of CBS's comedy schedule. In the 2020–21 season and again in the 2021–22 season, Crimetime Saturday was reduced to 1 hour in June and July due to the Superstar Racing Experience; the only other interruptions were burn offs and Love Island during that time frame. With the Superstar Racing Experience moving to ESPN and Love Island moving to Peacock, Crimetime was extended back to 2 hours for the 2022–23 season.

text:
# Crimetime Saturday

**Crimetime Saturday** is the official branding for a programming block that started in 2004–05 on the American CBS and Canadian CTV networks Saturday nights. However, the branding is only listed by CBS and industry sources as a placeholder for the time slot, and not as an official on-air branding for the night.

The first two hours feature reruns of CBS's crime drama procedural series, which over the years have included the four series of the *CSI* franchise, *Criminal Minds*, *NCIS*, *NCIS: Los Angeles*, *Cold Case*, *Flashpoint* (before its move to Ion Television), *The Mentalist*, *Blue Bloods* and *FBI*, with the final hour featuring a new or encore edition of the CBS News newsmagazine program *48 Hours*, which focuses on true crime stories. Several times a year *48 Hours* will air two-hour specials or consecutive episodes.

Beginning in the 2011–2012 season, the block was reduced to two hours from three to make room for *Comedytime Saturday*, a one-hour sitcom block, from 8 to 9 p.m. ET/PT. However, that hour was restored to *Crimetime* for the 2012–2013 season due to that block never being executed as planned and becoming a basic hour of repeat sitcoms. In a few cases, burned off shows such as *Made in Jersey* have aired in the first or both hours to minimize ratings damage, along with a new episode of *Vegas* in mid-April 2013 pushed up by a night due to CBS News coverage of the apprehension of the Boston Marathon bombing suspect.

The *Crimetime* block was re-reduced to two hours of Saturday night for the 2013–2014 season with the return of *Comedytime Saturday*, but returned for the full three hours in the 2014–2015 season after a reduction of CBS's comedy schedule.

In the 2020–21 season and again in the 2021–22 season, *Crimetime Saturday* was reduced to 1 hour in June and July due to the Superstar Racing Experience (only *48 Hours* aired during that time frame); the only other interruptions were burn offs and *Love Island* during that time frame. With the Superstar Racing Experience moving to ESPN and *Love Island* moving to Peacock, *Crimetime* was extended back to 2 hours for the 2022–23 season.

## InfoBox

Crimetime Saturday
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Network | CBS (United States)
CTV (Canada) |
| Launched | September 25, 2004 (2004-09-25) |
| Country of origin | United States
Canada |
| Format |  |
| Running time | **United States:**
Saturdays 8:00–11:00pm (2004–2011, 2012, 2014–present)
Saturdays 9:00–11:00 (2011–2012)
Saturdays 8:00–10:00 (2013–2014) |


title: Sanya ePrix

abstract: The Sanya ePrix was an automobile race of the Formula E championship in Sanya, People's Republic of China. Its first and only appearance on the Formula E calendar was in the 2018–19 season.

text:
# Sanya ePrix

The **Sanya ePrix** was an automobile race of the Formula E championship in Sanya, People's Republic of China. Its first and only appearance on the Formula E calendar was in the 2018–19 season.

## Background

Two ePrix was held before on the Beijing Olympic Green Circuit, located in the grounds of the Olympic Stadium used initially for the 2008 Summer Olympics. The two races took place in 2014 and 2015. In July 2018 it was announced that Formula E would return to mainland China for the 2018–19 season in Sanya.

The race took place on 23 March 2019, as Race 6 of the calendar. The event was won by Jean-Éric Vergne driving for DS Techeetah. The race was not without incidents, with an early crash causing Stoffel Vandoorne and Sam Bird to retire, before finishing the race under a yellow flag due an incident involving Robin Frijns, Lucas Di Grassi and Sebastien Buemi.

The Sanya ePrix was on the Formula E schedule for March 2020, but was cancelled due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The race was due to return in March 2021, but it did not materialise and again for March 2023, before Formula E announced later that year in October it would return to China, but instead on a modified layout of the Shanghai International Circuit for the 2024 Formula E Season.

## Circuit

The Sanya ePrix was hosted on the Haitang Bay Circuit which located 24 km (15 mi) from the city. It was a 2.236 km (1.389 mi) temporary street circuit with 11 corners. The circuit ran anticlockwise. The circuit featured a number of tight 90° and 180° turns, whilst also enjoying two long straights that passed over two bridges. The pitlane exited between turns 2 and 3, and the "Attack Mode" boost was located on the outside of Turn 3's exit. The pit and paddock was a temporary construction in a car park.

Before the circuit hosted the 2019 Sanya ePrix, it was treated with a resin to ensure it did not break up.

## Results

| Season | Track | Winner | | Pole position | Fastest lap | Report | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Driver | Constructor | | | | |
| 2018-19 | Haitang Bay Circuit | Jean-Éric Vergne | Techeetah-DS | Oliver Rowland | Jean-Éric Vergne | Report |  |
| 2019-20 | Haitang Bay Circuit | **Cancelled due to Covid-19** | | | | |  |

## InfoBox

Sanya ePrix
| Haitang Bay Circuit (2019) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Race information | |
| Number of times held | 1 |
| First held | 2019 |
| Last held | 2019 |
| Most wins (drivers) | Jean-Éric Vergne (1) |
| Most wins (constructors) | Techeetah-DS (1) |
| Circuit length | 2.236 km (1.389 miles) |
| Last race (2019) | |
| Pole position | |
|  | |
| Podium | |
|  | |
| Fastest lap | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Pirates and Emperors

abstract: Pirates and Emperors, Old and New: International Terrorism in the Real World is a 1986 book by Noam Chomsky, titled after an observation by St. Augustine in City of God, proposing that what governments coin as "terrorism" in the small simply reflects what governments utilize as "warfare" in the large. Yet, governments coerce their populations to denounce the former while embracing the latter. In the City of God, St. Augustine tells the story Indeed, that was an apt and true reply which was given to Alexander the Great by a pirate who had been seized. For when that king had asked the man what he meant by keeping hostile possession of the sea, he answered with bold pride, "What do you mean by seizing the whole earth; because I do it with a petty ship, I am called a robber, while you who does it with a great fleet are styled emperor". This story also appears in John Gower's Confessio Amantis III.2363–2438 and in a poem by François Villon. The book was republished by Haymarket Books in April 2015.

text:
# Pirates and Emperors

***Pirates and Emperors, Old and New: International Terrorism in the Real World*** is a 1986 book by Noam Chomsky, titled after an observation by St. Augustine in *City of God*, proposing that what governments coin as "terrorism" in the small simply reflects what governments utilize as "warfare" in the large. Yet, governments coerce their populations to denounce the former while embracing the latter. In the *City of God*, St. Augustine tells the story

> Indeed, that was an apt and true reply which was given to Alexander the Great by a pirate who had been seized. For when that king had asked the man what he meant by keeping hostile possession of the sea, he answered with bold pride, "What do you mean by seizing the whole earth; because I do it with a petty ship, I am called a robber, while you who does it with a great fleet are styled emperor".

This story also appears in John Gower's *Confessio Amantis* III.2363–2438 and in a poem by François Villon.

The book was republished by Haymarket Books in April 2015.


title: Tahuya River

abstract: The Tahuya River is a stream in the U.S. state of Washington. It originates at Tahuya Lake in western Kitsap Peninsula and flows south, emptying into Hood Canal near the Great Bend.

text:
# Tahuya River

The **Tahuya River** is a stream in the U.S. state of Washington. It originates at Tahuya Lake in western Kitsap Peninsula and flows south, emptying into Hood Canal near the Great Bend.

## Course

The Tahuya River originates at Tahuya Lake, west of Green Mountain and northwest of Gold Mountain. The Tahuya river is fed by two principal streams, Tin Mine Creek and Gold Creek. From the lake the Tahuya River flows south and slightly west. Panther Creek, flowing from Panther Lake, joins the river. Numerous small streams and wetlands drain into the river. Near Hood Canal the river flows becomes braided as it flows through a wetland-dominated valley. It broadens into a muddy bay as it enters Hood Canal near the town of Tahuya. The Tahuya river has 45.1 square miles with 21 miles mainstream.

## InfoBox

| Tahuya River | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location of the mouth of the Tahuya River in Washington | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Washington |
| Counties | Kitsap, Mason |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Tahuya Lake |
| coordinates | 47°33′32″N 122°50′6″W / 47.55889°N 122.83500°W / 47.55889; -122.83500 |
|  | |
| Mouth | Hood Canal |
| coordinates | 47°22′13″N 123°3′5″W / 47.37028°N 123.05139°W / 47.37028; -123.05139 |


title: Gerd Oswald

abstract: Gerd Oswald was a German director of American films and television.

text:
# Gerd Oswald

**Gerd Oswald** (June 9, 1919  May 22, 1989) was a German director of American films and television.

## Biography

Born in Berlin, Oswald was the son of German film director Richard Oswald and actress Käthe Oswald. He worked as a child actor before emigrating to the United States in 1938. Early production jobs at low-budget studios like Monogram Pictures prepared Oswald for a directorial career.

Oswald's film credits include *A Kiss Before Dying* (1956), *Valerie* (1957), *Crime of Passion* (1957), *Brainwashed* (1960), and *Bunny O'Hare* (1971).

His television credits include *Perry Mason*, *Blue Light*, *Bonanza*, *The Outer Limits*, *The Fugitive*, *Star Trek*, *Gentle Ben*, *It Takes a Thief*, *Rawhide*, and *The Twilight Zone (1985 TV series)*. Fans of *Mystery Science Theater 3000* know Oswald as the director of the 1966 film *Agent for H.A.R.M.*

He was an assistant director for 20 years, including on his father's film *The Captain from Köpenick* (completed in 1941, but only released in 1945), aka *Passport to Heaven* and *I Was a Criminal*.

Oswald was the uncredited second-unit director of *The Longest Day* (1962) responsible for staging the parachute drop scenes into Sainte-Mère-Église, France on D-Day, during the Normandy landings of World War II.

Oswald died of cancer in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 69.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Gerd Oswald | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1919-06-09)June 9, 1919
Berlin, Germany |
| Died | May 22, 1989(1989-05-22) (aged 69)
Los Angeles, California, United States |
| Occupation | Film director |
| Parent | Richard Oswald |


title: Seminoe State Park

abstract: Seminoe State Park is a public recreation area located on the northwest side of the Seminoe Reservoir, at the base of the Seminoe Mountains, 35 miles (56 km) north of Sinclair, Carbon County, Wyoming. The state park encompasses 1,639 acres (663 ha) of land and offers access to 19,000 acres (7,700 ha) of water. It is managed by the Wyoming Division of State Parks and Historic Sites.

text:
# Seminoe State Park

**Seminoe State Park** is a public recreation area located on the northwest side of the Seminoe Reservoir, at the base of the Seminoe Mountains, 35 miles (56 km) north of Sinclair, Carbon County, Wyoming. The state park encompasses 1,639 acres (663 ha) of land and offers access to 19,000 acres (7,700 ha) of water. It is managed by the Wyoming Division of State Parks and Historic Sites.

## History

Following construction of the Seminoe Dam and Reservoir in the 1930s, the state of Wyoming created the state park in 1965 through an agreement with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. The name *Seminoe* -- a corruption of the French name Cimineau -- derives from the French trapper, Basil Cimineau Lajeunesse, who was active in the area in the 1800s.

## Activities and amenities

The park's recreational offerings include two camping areas, swimming, fishing, boating, and picnicking. Local wildlife includes bobcats, mule deer, skunks, raccoons, moose, elk, mountain lions, bighorn sheep, rabbits, and bald eagles.

## InfoBox

| Seminoe State Park | |
| --- | --- |
| Seminoe Dam | |
| Seminoe State ParkLocation in Wyoming | |
| Location | Carbon County, Wyoming, United States |
| Coordinates | 42°06′32″N 106°52′13″W / 42.10889°N 106.87028°W / 42.10889; -106.87028 |
| Area | 20,848 acres (8,437 ha) |
| Elevation | 6,390 ft (1,950 m) |
| Established | 1965 |
| Administered by | Wyoming State Parks, Historic Sites & Trails |
| Designation | Wyoming state park |
| Website | Official website |


title: Rally cap

abstract: A rally cap is a baseball cap worn inside-out and backwards or in some other unconventional manner by players and/or fans to will a team to a come-from-behind victory late in a game. The rally cap is primarily a baseball superstition but has been adopted in various forms in other sports such as hockey.

text:
# Rally cap

A **rally cap** is a baseball cap worn inside-out and backwards or in some other unconventional manner by players and/or fans to will a team to a come-from-behind victory late in a game. The rally cap is primarily a baseball superstition but has been adopted in various forms in other sports such as hockey.

## History

The original appearance of the rally cap is a subject of some debate. Detroit Tigers fans of the 1940s recall certain players wearing their caps inside-out or in other fanciful ways, but it was not particularly linked to its current usage as a way to urge their teammates to come from behind. The rally cap as a good luck talisman is said to have made its first appearance in the Major Leagues during the 1977 and 1978 Texas Rangers seasons when the team finished second in their division with the rally cap being employed in several of their come-from-behind victories.

However, many fans and baseball writers trace their first awareness of the rally cap to the 1985 Major League Baseball season when fans of the New York Mets, while in attendance at Shea Stadium, occasionally would wear their baseball caps inside-out as a makeshift talisman to generate a come-from-behind victory in the late innings of a baseball game. The superstition spread from the fans to the Mets players themselves and subsequently to fans and players of the opposing teams when the Mets played on the road.

The use of the rally cap rose to national awareness during the 1986 World Series when the New York Mets were playing the Boston Red Sox. The Mets were trailing in Game 6 with the Red Sox leading series three games to two. In the sixth inning of that game, the television cameras showed certain Mets players in the dugout wearing their caps inside-out. In the 10th inning, the Mets were trailing 5-3. The first two batters of the inning were put out on fly outs, putting the Red Sox one out from the title. But the Mets went on to score 3 runs en route to forcing a Game 7, which they won, again on a late comeback.

## Origins of belief

Generally speaking, the belief behind the rally cap is to sacrifice a small amount of one's dignity in exchange for a little luck for one's team. It is widely understood that the baseball cap must be one depicting the logo of the team in order to be used as a rally cap.

## Other uses of "rally" items

The use of chewing tobacco as a good luck talisman by Major League Baseball players and managers has come be referred to by some fans as the "rally chew". When the Boston Red Sox came up short against the Tampa Bay Rays in their division in 2008, some blamed Boston Red Sox manager, Terry Francona, and his switch from chewing tobacco to bubble gum.

The Detroit Tigers are said to have resorted to "rally gum" during their 2006 run to the World Series. In Detroit, the superstition began with Nate Robertson chewing massive amounts of bubble gum, sometimes so large that they barely were able to stay in his mouth. It appeared that the more gum he chewed, the better the Tigers’ chances for a comeback. It eventually was picked up by the rest of the pitching staff. Robertson brought it back briefly in 2007 to less effect.

The "rally shoe" initially garnered some attention as a yellow Birkenstock on a Seattle Mariners fan's head on October 8, 2022. Once he appeared on the Jumbotron at T-Mobile park where fans were gathered to watch a playoff game in Toronto, other fans put rally shoes on their heads and the Mariners rallied from a 1-8 loss to win the game 10-9.

## Use in the NHL

The rally cap has also been used recently in the National Hockey League in shootout situations. Instead of a traditional cap, however, hockey players will place their helmets on their heads backwards. Marc Savard, during his stay with the Atlanta Thrashers, was the originator of this tradition.

## Use in the media

In 2009, General Motors began using the rally cap in their advertising campaigns because they were in serious financial trouble.


title: Sasha (Jamaican musician)

abstract: Christine Chin, better known by her stage names Sasha and Sista Sasha, is a Jamaican dancehall musician, presently recording gospel music. Born in Kingston, Jamaica, she was raised in Queens, New York City. Her first big hit was Dat Sexy Body. In 1998, she wrote "Dat Sexy Body", composed on a variation of the "Bookshelf" riddim, which was later remixed with famous reggaeton artist Ivy Queen. Her biggest hit is "I'm Still in Love with You" with fellow dancehall musician Sean Paul. In the 2000s, she started a hair salon business. She became a Christian in 2008 and changed her stage name, and stated that she would no longer perform the songs that made her famous.

text:
# Sasha (Jamaican musician)

**Christine Chin** (born 1974), better known by her stage names **Sasha** and **Sista Sasha**, is a Jamaican dancehall musician, presently recording gospel music.

Born in Kingston, Jamaica, she was raised in Queens, New York City. Her first big hit was Dat Sexy Body. In 1998, she wrote "Dat Sexy Body", composed on a variation of the "Bookshelf" riddim, which was later remixed with famous reggaeton artist Ivy Queen. Her biggest hit is "I'm Still in Love with You" with fellow dancehall musician Sean Paul.

In the 2000s, she started a hair salon business. She became a Christian in 2008 and changed her stage name, and stated that she would no longer perform the songs that made her famous.

## Career

### Early career and *Come Again*

She wrote her first rap at age 11, and as a student at August Martin High School, the young teen first performed professionally at Brooklyn's Biltmore Ballroom, modelling herself after such childhood idols as rap's greatest female act, Salt-N-Pepa, as well as Jamaican female rapper Shelly Thunder. Then, all at once, Sasha went from being a student and "popular chick" in class to a professional. "We snuck out to see Shabba Ranks, and he was calling for a girl to get onstage and dance. All my friends were yelling out, 'She doesn't want to dance, she wants to sing!'" Sasha took the mic and busted a freestyle that brought down the house. Shabba's management, being so impressed with her display invited her to make some demo recordings, right then and there. Not two weeks went by before Steely & Clevie, computer dancehall's whiz team, heard her demos and sought her out in New York. They flew her to Jamaica to write and cut her first record, the hardcore rap "Kill the Bitch." The album was released by Island on the Bogle compilation alongside tracks by established stars Buju Banton and Papa San. Sasha's track was picked as a standout by stateside DJs, and it has played for literally years in the hip-hop underground. At 16, Sasha was touring worldwide with all of dancehall's biggest names, and learning her craft through a variety of experiences. Sasha released her debut album titled "Come Again" in 1997 on Anchor Records.

### "Dat Sexy Body", "I'm Still in Love with You", and *Sexy Body Sasha*

Sasha showed another surprising aspect of her talent in 1998, when her cut on the "Bookshelf" rhythm, "Dat Sexy Body," hit clubs and radio. "I transformed! I really gave it to them straight-up hardcore street in 'Kill the Bitch;' then I started working with Tony Kelly, he noticed something in my voice, and asked me to try singing. He pulled something out of me that I didn't know I really had, different from my church singing. I didn't know I could sing in such a high key; Tony pulled me to the edge. Sometimes you don't recognize it yourself, but it was just in me." Now, after a full four years of being a club and radio mix-show classic, "Dat Sexy Body" has resurfaced as a major chart contender, with massive Miami crossover airplay spreading to the West Coast and Northeast. A Spanish version of "Dat Sexy Body" is also in the works for immediate release. Sasha's third international hit returned her to the studio with Steely & Clevie in a duet with Sean Paul, "I'm Still in Love," which shot to Number One in the reggae clubs of Jamaica, London, Miami and New York. It is slated to be a future single from Sean's double-platinum album Dutty Rock, and a video, directed by Little X, has been filmed and is ready for MTV, BET, and all other music video stations. Sean and Sasha perform a snappy updated combination treatment of Alton Ellis' Studio One classic (best known globally through Althea and Donna's 1978 version "Uptown Top Ranking"). Sasha embraces the girl-group tradition from the Supremes to Love Unlimited, I-Three and En Vogue, and brings it into dancehall with a multi-tracked performance that's at once melodious, precise and soulful. With the broadest range of vocal styles at her command, Sasha says she's in the studio getting her focus on an album that will reflect all her facets. She'll be back at work with trusted hit-makers Tony Kelly and Steely & Clevie, while joining such A-list dancehall producers as Jeremy Harding, Big Yard and Black Shadow's Troyton (producer of Sean Paul's "Gimme the Light")."There's a hardcore Sasha, and there's a Lauryn Hill sort of laid-back side that everyone can sing along with," she says. "Then there's another set of fans that want this high voice, 'I would like to get to know you,' like in 'Sexy Body.' 'I'm Still in Love' is a subtle Sasha; aSashand those fans might not know the hardcore Sasha at all. So I look into the crowd and feel the people, and then Iknow how to work my show. And sometimes I tease them and introduce them to the other side of Sasha." Sasha's intuition and sensitivity about her audience is reinforced by her innate cultural connection to both the Jamaican and American audiences. "In dancehall, the crossover market appreciates you, and dances to the beat, but they don't always know what you're saying. Even though I'm writing dancehall, my schooling was in New York, and the way I write and flow my words, all of people can understand the lyrical content of what I'm saying."

Sasha has also had a string of hits in Jamaica, including "Runaway With Me", "Hot Girls", "Natural High", "Wine Gal Wine", and We Got The Love (Feat. Turbulence). Sasha was also working on an album for VP Records titled "Sexy Body Sasha" which was supposed to be released in 2006 but Sasha left the label and the album got shelved. The songs from the album will soon be released as a mixtape under the same title.

### Transition to gospel music, "Breaking Free", and TryGod Records

Early 2008, saw Sasha transition into a Gospel artist and as a result of her new outlook on life, Sasha said she will not perform any of the songs that made her popular. She was known for songs like Natty On Mi Frontline and We Got The Love, which were done with her former lover, Turbulence, as well as a remake of Alton Ellis' I'm Still In Love, which she did with Sean Paul. As a Christian, Sasha sang on the Beauty of Holiness Gospel Band, which she formed about five years ago. Since then, the band has performed mainly on the north coast. They also have a song called Surround Me. However, the band's first major appearance will be at Gospel Explosion. Sasha released her first album in 17 years titled "Breaking Free" on 8 April 2014.

In June 2014, Sasha signed with TryGod Records.

## Discography

### Albums

* 1997: *Come Again*
* 2006: *Sexy Body Sasha* (Shelved)
* 2009: *Pleasure* (Shelved)
* 2014: *Breaking Free*
* 2021: *Pree Life* TBR

### Singles

* 1993: Kill the Bitch
* 1995: In & Out
* 1996: Come Again
* 1997: Black or White
* 1997: Girls
* 1998: Dat Sexy Body
* 2001: Poppy
* 2002: Can You Please Me
* 2004: Run Dung Me
* 2004: I'm Still in Love with You (with Sean Paul)
* 2004: Dat Sexy Body (re-release)
* 2005: Coca-Cola Shape/Dat Sexy Body (Remix) (feat. Ivy Queen)
* 2006: Natural High
* 2006: Wine Gal Wine
* 2006: I Like the Way (feat. Pitbull)
* 2008: Black or White (feat. Eddie Dee)
* 2009: Pleasure
* 2012: Chosen
* 2013: Get Through It
* 2013: I Am Anointed
* 2014: Nutten No Sweet Like

## InfoBox

| Sasha | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Christine Chin |
| Also known as | Sista Sasha |
| Born | 1974 (age 4950)<br>Kingston, Jamaica |
| Origin | New York City, U.S. |
| Genres |  |
| Occupations | * Deejay * singer |
| Years active | 1992–present |
| Labels | Mango, Atlantic, VP |


title: Têwo County

abstract: Têwo County is a county in the south of Gansu province of China, bordering Sichuan province to the south. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Gannan Prefecture. Its postal code is 747400, and in 1999 its population was 55,568 people. The Lazikou Pass, a mountain pass of strategical significance during the Long March, is located in Têwo County.

text:
# Têwo County

| Têwo County | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Simplified Chinese | 迭部县 |
| Traditional Chinese | 迭部縣 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Diébù Xiàn | |
| Tibetan name | |
| Tibetan | ཐེ་བོ་རྫོང་། |
| Transcriptions  Wylie the bo rdzong  Tibetan Pinyin Têwo Zong | |
|  | |

**Têwo County** (Tibetan: ཐེ་བོ་རྫོང་།; Chinese: 迭部县) is a county in the south of Gansu province of China, bordering Sichuan province to the south. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Gannan Prefecture. Its postal code is 747400, and in 1999 its population was 55,568 people.

The Lazikou Pass, a mountain pass of strategical significance during the Long March, is located in Têwo County.

## Administrative divisions

Têwo County is divided to 5 towns and 6 townships.

| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Tibetan | Wylie | Administrative division code |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Towns** | | | | | | |
| Dêngga Town
(Dianga) | 电尕镇 | *Diàngā Zhèn* | སྟེང་ཀ་གྲོང་རྡལ། | *steng ka grong rdal* | 623024100 |
| Yiwa Town | 益哇镇 | *Yìwā Zhèn* | གཡི་བ་གྲོང་རྡལ་། | *gyi ba grong rdal* | 623024101 |
| Wangsang Town
(Wangzang) | 旺藏镇 | *Wàngzàng Zhèn* | དབང་བཟང་གྲོང་རྡལ། | *dbang bzang grong rdal* | 623024102 |
| Lasargag Town
(Lazikou) | 腊子口镇 | *Làzǐkǒu Zhèn* | ལ་གཟར་འགག་གྲོང་རྡལ། | *la gzar ʼgag grong rdal* | 623024103 |
| Ritang Town
(Luoda) | 洛大镇 | *Luòdà Zhèn* | རི་དྭངས་གྲོང་རྡལ། | *ri dwangs grong rdal* | 623024104 |
| **Townships** | | | | | | |
| Kaba Township | 卡坝乡 | *Kǎbà Xiāng* | ཁ་པ་ཤང་། | *kha pa shang* | 623024201 |
| Dara Township
(Dagra, Dala) | 达拉乡 | *Dálā Xiāng* | རྟ་ར་ཤང་། | *rta ra shang* | 623024202 |
| Nyinngo Township
(Ni'ao) | 尼傲乡 | *Ní'ào Xiāng* | ཉིན་ངོ་ཤང་། | *nyin ngo shang* | 623024203 |
| Axa Township
(Axia) | 阿夏乡 | *Āxià Xiāng* | འ་ཞ་ཤང་། | *ʼa zha shang* | 623024205 |
| Dora Township
(Duo'er) | 多儿乡 | *Duō'ér Xiāng* | རྡོ་ར་ཤང་། | *rdo ra shang* | 623024206 |
| Qangbab Township
(Sangba) | 桑坝乡 | *Sāngbà Xiāng* | བྱ་འབབ་ཤང་། | *bya ʼbab shang* | 623024207 |
|

## Climate

| Climate data for Têwo, elevation 2,374 m (7,789 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 21.0
(69.8) | 23.6
(74.5) | 28.7
(83.7) | 33.9
(93.0) | 32.7
(90.9) | 33.3
(91.9) | 35.5
(95.9) | 34.5
(94.1) | 32.7
(90.9) | 25.7
(78.3) | 21.7
(71.1) | 17.4
(63.3) | 35.5
(95.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.7
(44.1) | 10.1
(50.2) | 14.2
(57.6) | 18.5
(65.3) | 20.9
(69.6) | 23.3
(73.9) | 25.7
(78.3) | 25.6
(78.1) | 21.0
(69.8) | 16.0
(60.8) | 12.5
(54.5) | 7.7
(45.9) | 16.8
(62.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.2
(26.2) | 0.4
(32.7) | 4.6
(40.3) | 9.1
(48.4) | 12.2
(54.0) | 15.2
(59.4) | 17.5
(63.5) | 17.1
(62.8) | 13.4
(56.1) | 8.0
(46.4) | 2.5
(36.5) | −2.4
(27.7) | 7.9
(46.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −9.9
(14.2) | −6.4
(20.5) | −2.1
(28.2) | 1.9
(35.4) | 5.6
(42.1) | 9.2
(48.6) | 11.6
(52.9) | 11.4
(52.5) | 8.7
(47.7) | 3.2
(37.8) | −3.8
(25.2) | −9.0
(15.8) | 1.7
(35.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −18.9
(−2.0) | −17.8
(0.0) | −17.1
(1.2) | −7.0
(19.4) | −2.9
(26.8) | −0.4
(31.3) | 2.6
(36.7) | 2.6
(36.7) | −2.0
(28.4) | −8.2
(17.2) | −14.1
(6.6) | −19.9
(−3.8) | −19.9
(−3.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3.1
(0.12) | 5.0
(0.20) | 13.9
(0.55) | 37.1
(1.46) | 84.4
(3.32) | 80.9
(3.19) | 104.3
(4.11) | 98.3
(3.87) | 92.8
(3.65) | 48.5
(1.91) | 7.8
(0.31) | 1.4
(0.06) | 577.5
(22.75) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.1 | 3.9 | 8.6 | 11.7 | 16.8 | 17.9 | 16.9 | 15.1 | 16.5 | 14.4 | 4.3 | 2.1 | 132.3 |
| Average snowy days | 6.8 | 5.9 | 8.3 | 2.5 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 31.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 52 | 51 | 55 | 57 | 64 | 70 | 71 | 71 | 75 | 73 | 62 | 55 | 63 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 199.1 | 181.8 | 203.0 | 203.8 | 201.4 | 180.4 | 200.6 | 199.9 | 149.4 | 161.6 | 194.3 | 199.4 | 2,274.7 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 63 | 58 | 54 | 52 | 46 | 42 | 46 | 49 | 41 | 47 | 63 | 65 | 52 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Têwo County ཐེ་བོ་རྫོང་། · 迭部县Diebu | |
| --- | --- |
| County | |
| Têwo County (red) within Gannan | |
| TêwoLocation of the seat in GansuTêwoTêwo (China) | |
| Coordinates: 34°03′22″N 103°13′19″E / 34.0560°N 103.2219°E / 34.0560; 103.2219 | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Gansu |
| Autonomous prefecture | Gannan |
| County seat | Dêngga (Dianga) |
| Area | |
| Total | 5,108.3 km2 (1,972.3 sq mi) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 52,192 |
| Density | 10/km2 (26/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 747400 |
| Website | www.tewo.gov.cn |


title: Crimewatch File

abstract: Crimewatch File was a British television programme which reconstructed the investigation of a single case that had previously been covered by Crimewatch which viewers had previously helped to solve.

text:
# Crimewatch File

***Crimewatch File*** was a British television programme which reconstructed the investigation of a single case that had previously been covered by *Crimewatch* which viewers had previously helped to solve.

## History

Broadcast on BBC One, it was aired on an ad hoc basis and presented by Nick Ross and Sue Cook concurrently (with Jill Dando taking over from Cook in 1996 until her death), more than thirty editions aired until April 2000, when the final edition, fronted by Ross, was broadcast. Following the show's demise, in latter years of the main *Crimewatch* programme, episodes would regularly feature segments and reports on solved cases previously featured on the programme in a very similar vein to *Crimewatch File*.

## Transmissions

| Entitle | Airdate | Case |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Double Supergrass* | 10 August 1988 | One of a gang of London-based armed robbers turns into a double supergrass and makes criminal history |
| *The Railway Murders* | 17 August 1988 | The murders of Alison Day, Maartje Tamboezer and Anne Lock |
| *The Murder of Police Sergeant Speed* | 12 October 1988 | The Murder of Police Sergeant John Speed |
| *The Shirley Banks Murder* | 16 August 1989 | The murder of Shirley Banks |
| *Operation Osprey* | 23 August 1989 | The UK-wide search by Greater Manchester Police for rapist Andrew Longmire |
| *The Red Connection* | 15 August 1990 | The 1986 murder of a Lake District hotelier |
| *Murder Unearthed* | 22 August 1990 | The investigation into a dismembered body found in 1986 in Sussex |
| *Operation Trigger* | 24 July 1991 | How police forces across the UK cornered one of the UK's most reckless gang of armed robbers |
| *A Party to Murder* | 5 September 1991 | The murder of Karen Price |
| *A Chapter of Revelations* | 24 September 1992 | The murder of Ronald Harrison |
| *Without Consent* | 1 October 1992 | The hunt for a rapist who lured girls into his car by posing as a taxi driver |
| *Murder Without Motive* | 8 October 1992 | The murder of Dr David Birkett |
| *A Murderer's Game* | 21 September 1993 | The kidnapping of Stephanie Slater |
| *Double Identity* | 28 September 1993 | Investigating why a supermarket manager was forced to rob his own store while his family was held hostage |
| *Burden of Proof* | 1 March 1994 | The murder of Elizabeth McCormack |
| *In the Line of Fire* | 8 March 1994 | The shooting of David Paterson |
| *Sorry, Sarah* | 29 March 1994 | Rapist Tony Snow |
| *Death of a Gentleman* | 6 September 1994 | The murder of Christoph Scliack |
| *The Lost Boys* (Part 1) | 4 October 1994 | The murder of Jason Swift |
| *The Lost Boys* (Part 2) | 11 October 1994 | The follow-up investigation Operation Orchid which established links between Jason's murder and the murders of other young boys in the 1980s |
| *Armed and Dangerous* | 28 February 1995 | The capture of armed robbers which involved seven police forces, Interpol and the Spanish judicial authorities |
| *Scarred* | 10 October 1995 | The rape of a young woman in south west London |
| *Going Under* | 7 November 1995 | The murders of Fred Maltby and Alan “Joe” Rylatt |
| *The Iceman* | 17 September 1996 | The murder of Harry and Nicola Fuller |
| *Daniel Handley — A Stolen Life* | 12 November 1996 | The murder of Daniel Handley |
| *Crimewatch File: Manhunt* | 11 March 1998 | The murder of a garage owner and his assistant in Morecambe |
| *Dreams of Gold* | 18 March 1998 | The investigation into Olympic swimming coach Paul Hickson |
| *Left for Dead* | 26 May 1998 | The brutal attack on Merlyn Nuttall |
| *Murder Without Motive* | 13 October 1998 | The murder of Margaret Wilson |
| *Sorrow* | 27 October 1998 | The murder of Glenda Hopkins |
| *Wanted* | 28 April 1999 | How police caught conman Leslie Salter |
| *The Hunter and the Hunted: DJ Rapist* | 4 April 2000 | The hunt for rapist Richard Baker |

## InfoBox

| *Crimewatch File* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Factual |
| Presented by | Nick Ross
Sue Cook
Jill Dando |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Original language | English |
| No. of episodes | 32 |
| Production | |
| Production location | Multiple location(s) |
| Running time | 45–60 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | BBC One |
| Release | 10 August 1988 (1988-08-10)
4 April 2000 (2000-04-04) |


title: Sanyam Lodha

abstract: Sanyam Lodha is a politician from Rajasthan. He was elected to the Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha from Sirohi as an independent candidate in the year 2018 Assembly election. He is known to support Indian National Congress in the state. He was also an MLA from Sirohi Vidhan Sabha (Assembly) in the year 2003 and 2008. In the 2013 Assembly elections in Rajasthan, he lost the election to Otaram Dewasi. In the 2023 Rajasthan Assembly Elections, he was fielded by the Indian National Congress from Sirohi. However, he lost the election to the BJP candidate Otaram Dewasi by a margin of 35,805 votes. Sanyam Lodha is a resident of Sheoganj, a town in Sirohi District Rajasthan.

text:
# Sanyam Lodha

**Sanyam Lodha** (born 20 January 1966) is a politician from Rajasthan. He was elected to the Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha from Sirohi as an independent candidate in the year 2018 Assembly election. He is known to support Indian National Congress in the state. He was also an MLA from Sirohi Vidhan Sabha (Assembly) in the year 2003 and 2008. In the 2013 Assembly elections in Rajasthan, he lost the election to Otaram Dewasi. In the 2023 Rajasthan Assembly Elections, he was fielded by the Indian National Congress from Sirohi. However, he lost the election to the BJP candidate Otaram Dewasi by a margin of 35,805 votes.

Sanyam Lodha is a resident of Sheoganj, a town in Sirohi District Rajasthan.

## InfoBox

| Sanyam Lodha | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| MLA, Rajasthan Legislative Assembly | |
| **In office**<br>17 Dec 2018  3 December 2023 | |
| Succeeded by | Otaram Dewasi |
| Constituency | Sirohi |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Jaipur, Rajasthan, India |
| Political party | Congress, Independent |
| Residence(s) | Sheoganj, Rajasthan, India |
| Education |  |
|  | |


title: Platyceps largeni

abstract: Platyceps largeni, the Dahlak racer, is a species of snake of the family Colubridae. The snake is found in the Dahlak Archipelago in Eritrea.

text:
# Platyceps largeni

***Platyceps largeni***, the **Dahlak racer**, is a species of snake of the family Colubridae.

The snake is found in the Dahlak Archipelago in Eritrea.

## InfoBox

| *Platyceps largeni* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Colubridae |
| Genus: | *Platyceps* |
| Species: | ***P. largeni*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Platyceps largeni***
(Schätti, 2001) | |
|


title: Takahiro Nishimura

abstract: Takahiro Nishimura is a professional Japanese baseball pitcher for the Chiba Lotte Marines of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He previously played in NPB for the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters.

text:
# Takahiro Nishimura

**Takahiro Nishimura** (西村 天裕, *Nishimura Takahiro*, born May 5, 1993, in Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan) is a professional Japanese baseball pitcher for the Chiba Lotte Marines of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He previously played in NPB for the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters.

## Career

On March 30, 2018, Nishimura made his Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) debut for the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters.

On March 5, 2023, Nishimura was traded to the Chiba Lotte Marines in exchange for infielder Koki Fukuda.

## InfoBox

| Takahiro Nishimura | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Chiba Lotte Marines – No. 40 | |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:**  (1993-05-06) May 6, 1993
Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan | |
| **Bats:** Right**Throws:** Right | |
| NPB debut | |
| March 30, 2018, for the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters | |
| Career statistics
(through 2023 season) | |
| Win–loss record | 7–2 |
| Earned run average | 3.38 |
| Strikeouts | 207 |
| Saves | 1 |
| Holds | 26 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Krishna Khopde

abstract: Krishna Pancham Khopde is a member of the 13th Maharashtra Legislative Assembly, in India. He represents the Nagpur East Assembly Constituency. He belongs to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He is BJP sitting member, having been a member of the 12 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly too. Khopde in 2014 was the chief of the Nagpur City BJP. In 2009 he created a major upset defeating 5 time MLA Satish Chaturvedi of the Indian National Congress. Khopde was a corporator in the Nagpur Municipal Corporation and a standing committee chairman. Khopde is a high school dropout. His political career commenced in the early nineties, when he became President of the Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha in Nagpur. At the age of 33, Khopde became the Municipal Corporator of the Nagpur Municipal Corporation and served as corporator for 5 consecutive terms, in 1992 to 2014. He was the Deputy Mayor elected in Nagpur Municipal Corporation India, when he served as the Deputy Mayor of Nagpur Municipal Corporation at the age of 36, in 1995-1996.

text:
# Krishna Khopde

**Krishna Pancham Khopde** (born 6 March 1959) is a member of the 13th Maharashtra Legislative Assembly, in India. He represents the Nagpur East Assembly Constituency. He belongs to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He is BJP sitting member, having been a member of the 12 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly too. Khopde in 2014 was the chief of the Nagpur City BJP. In 2009 he created a major upset defeating 5 time MLA Satish Chaturvedi of the Indian National Congress. Khopde was a corporator in the Nagpur Municipal Corporation and a standing committee chairman. Khopde is a high school dropout.

His political career commenced in the early nineties, when he became President of the Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha (youth wing of the BJP) in Nagpur. At the age of 33, Khopde became the Municipal Corporator of the Nagpur Municipal Corporation and served as corporator for 5 consecutive terms, in 1992 to 2014. He was the Deputy Mayor elected in Nagpur Municipal Corporation India, when he served as the Deputy Mayor of Nagpur Municipal Corporation at the age of 36, in 1995-1996.

## Early life

Khopde was born to Kamla Khopde and Pancham Khopde. His parents have 4 sons & 4 daughters.

## Early career

He was an active member of Indian National Congress before joining BJP.

## Family and personal life

Krishna Khopde married Sandhya in 1991. They have two sons named Abhilash & Rohit.

## Political career

In 1992, at age 33, Khopde was elected as a Corporator from Satnami Nagar ward. Three years later Khopde became the Deputy Mayor of the Nagpur Municipal Corporation. In 2008, he was elected to the Standing Committee Chairman Nagpur Municipal Corporation. In 2009 he was elected to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly for the first time. He was serving his second term as MLA as of 2014.

### Positions held

#### Within BJP

* Office Bearer, Nagpur (East) BJP
* Nagpur President, BJYM
* Nagpur President, BJP (24 March 2012 to 12 Jan 2013)
* Re-elected Nagpur President, BJP Since 12 Jan 2013

#### Legislative

## InfoBox

| Krishna Khopde | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
for Nagpur East | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
2014 | |
| Member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
for Nagpur East | |
| **In office**
2009–2014 | |
| Succeeded by | Satish Chaturvedi |
| Deputy Mayor of Nagpur | |
| **In office**
1995–1996 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1959-03-06) 6 March 1959
Nagpur, Bombay State, India |
| Political party | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| Spouse | Sandhya Khopde |
| Children | Abhilash & Rohit |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Website | www.mahabjp.org |
|  | |


title: Carlile Transportation

abstract: Carlile Transportation Systems is a transportation company based in Anchorage, Alaska. Their primary specialty is transporting freight and supplies related to the oil exploration industry, most notably to the Prudhoe Bay oil field.

text:
# Carlile Transportation

**Carlile Transportation Systems** is a transportation company based in Anchorage, Alaska. Their primary specialty is transporting freight and supplies related to the oil exploration industry, most notably to the Prudhoe Bay oil field.

## History

The company was founded in 1980 as Carlile Enterprises by brothers Harry and John McDonald with their two trucks. In 1985, they made their first haul to Prudhoe on the Dalton Highway.

Carlile developed an "approach" in transporting loads on the Dalton, which Harry McDonald described in a 2010 interview, that keeps his drivers safe, his trucks rolling, and gets the freight delivered on time and in one piece.

Tom Hendrix Jr., Carlile's Vice President of Oil and Gas, tells in a 2017 interview how one of their most important clients and key partners influenced this approach: the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System.

## Operation

The company currently operates facilities in Anchorage, Deadhorse (Prudhoe), Fairbanks, Kenai, Kodiak, and Seward (all in Alaska), as well as in Edmonton, Alberta, and the port cities of Tacoma, Washington and Houston, Texas.

The company's logo is the word "Carlile" in red italicized lettering, and appears on its blue truck cabs, white cargo trailers, fuel tankers and flatbed trailers.

## In media

Carlile made their first appearance on The History Channel in a July 2006 documentary called *Alaska: Dangerous Territory*. When they returned to History in the television series *Ice Road Truckers* in 2009, they were hauling approximately 30% of all loads bound for Prudhoe Bay. Carlile would be one of the featured companies of the series from Season 3 (2009) through Season 6 (2012).

The company was purchased by Seattle, Washington-based Saltchuk on May 31, 2013.

## InfoBox

Carlile Transportation Systems
|
|  |
| Company type | Subsidiary (since 2013) |
| Industry | Transportation |
| Founded | 1980 (1980)
Anchorage, Alaska, United States |
| Headquarters | Anchorage, Alaska, United States |
| Area served | United States, Canada |
| Key people | Terry Howard
(President)
Harry McDonald
(Co-founder)
John McDonald
(Co-founder) |
| Number of employees | approx. 700 |
| Parent | Saltchuk |
| Website | www.carlile.biz |


title: Łęczynko

abstract: Łęczynko is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Białogard, within Białogard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) west of Białogard and 111 km (69 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

text:
# Łęczynko

**Łęczynko** \[wɛnˈt͡ʂɨnkɔ\] (German: *Vorwerk Lenzen*) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Białogard, within Białogard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) west of Białogard and 111 km (69 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

## InfoBox

| Łęczynko | |
| --- | --- |
| Settlement | |
| Łęczynko | |
| Coordinates: 53°59′36″N 15°57′21″E / 53.99333°N 15.95583°E / 53.99333; 15.95583 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | West Pomeranian |
| County | Białogard |
| Gmina | Białogard |


title: Savenaca Siwatibau

abstract: Savenaca Siwatibau was a Fijian academic leader and civil service administrator. The son of Isaac Driver and Adi Asenaca Mairara, Siwatibau was born on 4 November 1940 in Tukavesi Village in Buca Bay, Cakaudrove Province, but grew up in Buca, the village of his mother, who was of chiefly rank. He was educated at Queen Victoria School and Suva Grammar School, graduating as the Dux in 1958. In 1963, he graduated from New Zealand's the University of Auckland with a Master's degree in Science, with a major in mathematics and physics. While at Auckland University, he had met his future wife, Suliana Kaloumaira, a native of Moturiki Island. They were married in 1966. They had three sons, and one daughter. Two sons became IT engineers and one a lawyer. His daughter became a banker. After working as a meteorologist in Nadi, Siwatibau was posted to the Meteorology Office in Wellington, New Zealand, where he decided to study economics at Victoria University. His study was interrupted by a transfer to the Economic Planning office in Suva, but he was able to continue his studies at Sussex University in the United Kingdom, graduating in 1968 with a Master of Arts degree in economics. When Fiji gained its independence from the United Kingdom in 1970, Siwatibau was appointed the first native-born Director of Economic Planning. In 1972, he became Permanent Secretary of Finance, and also joined the University of the South Pacific as a government representative on the institution's ruling body, the University Council. From 1978 to 1980, he served as an Alternate Director of the International Monetary Fund in Washington, D.C., and on his return to Fiji, he was appointed Local General Manager of the Central Monetary Authority in 1981. In 1984 he became the first Governor of the Reserve Bank of Fiji. In 1988, he left Fiji for six months to pursue a fellowship at the Australian National University, and on his return, he was appointed Head of EPOC, a position he held until 2000. While still at EPOC, he was appointed Pro-Chancellor of the University of the South Pacific in 1997, and was promoted to Vice-Chancellor in 2001. The appointment generated some controversy, with some university staff having supported Rajesh Chandra for the post. In 2000, George Speight, who led a civilian insurrection against the elected government of Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry, proposed Siwatibau for the post of Prime Minister. Siwatibau was not a party to the plot and had no apparent sympathy with it, but Speight may have wanted a respected name to lend legitimacy to his rebel government. Savenaca Siwatibau died of lung cancer at Christchurch Hospital in New Zealand on 3 October 2003. He was 62. His family and friends remembered him as a committed Christian who had a strong sense of fairness and justice. Several times he was offered the CBE honour but declined saying that he wanted God's approval, not man's.

text:
# Savenaca Siwatibau

**Savenaca Siwatibau** (1940 – 3 October 2003) was a Fijian academic leader and civil service administrator.

The son of Isaac Driver and Adi Asenaca Mairara, Siwatibau was born on 4 November 1940 in Tukavesi Village in Buca Bay, Cakaudrove Province, but grew up in Buca, the village of his mother, who was of chiefly rank. He was educated at Queen Victoria School and Suva Grammar School, graduating as the Dux in 1958. In 1963, he graduated from New Zealand's the University of Auckland with a Master's degree in Science, with a major in mathematics and physics. While at Auckland University, he had met his future wife, Suliana Kaloumaira, a native of Moturiki Island. They were married in 1966. They had three sons (Simione Ramacake, Ropate Rakula, and Atunaisa Taleasiga), and one daughter (Asenaca Tania Tuivanuavou). Two sons became IT engineers and one a lawyer. His daughter became a banker.

After working as a meteorologist in Nadi, Siwatibau was posted to the Meteorology Office in Wellington, New Zealand, where he decided to study economics at Victoria University. His study was interrupted by a transfer to the Economic Planning office in Suva, but he was able to continue his studies at Sussex University in the United Kingdom, graduating in 1968 with a Master of Arts degree in economics. When Fiji gained its independence from the United Kingdom in 1970, Siwatibau was appointed the first native-born Director of Economic Planning.

In 1972, he became Permanent Secretary of Finance, and also joined the University of the South Pacific as a government representative on the institution's ruling body, the University Council. From 1978 to 1980, he served as an Alternate Director of the International Monetary Fund in Washington, D.C., and on his return to Fiji, he was appointed Local General Manager of the Central Monetary Authority in 1981. In 1984 he became the first Governor of the Reserve Bank of Fiji. In 1988, he left Fiji for six months to pursue a fellowship at the Australian National University, and on his return, he was appointed Head of EPOC (the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) Pacific Operations Centre in Vanuatu), a position he held until 2000.

While still at EPOC, he was appointed Pro-Chancellor of the University of the South Pacific in 1997, and was promoted to Vice-Chancellor in 2001. The appointment generated some controversy, with some university staff having supported Rajesh Chandra for the post.

In 2000, George Speight, who led a civilian insurrection against the elected government of Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry, proposed Siwatibau for the post of Prime Minister. Siwatibau was not a party to the plot and had no apparent sympathy with it, but Speight may have wanted a respected name to lend legitimacy to his rebel government.

Savenaca Siwatibau died of lung cancer at Christchurch Hospital in New Zealand on 3 October 2003. He was 62.

His family and friends remembered him as a committed Christian who had a strong sense of fairness and justice. Several times he was offered the CBE honour but declined saying that he wanted God's approval, not man's.

## InfoBox

| Savenaca Siwatibau | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Head of United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific | |
| **In office**
1988–2000 | |
| Vice-Chancellor, University of the South Pacific | |
| **In office**
2001–2005 | |
| Pro-Chancellor, University of the South Pacific | |
| **In office**
1997–1999 | |
| Governor, Reserve Bank of Fiji | |
| **In office**
1984–1988 | |
| Alternate Director, International Monetary Fund | |
| **In office**
1978–1980 | |
| Director of Economic Planning, Fiji | |
| **In office**
1970–1972 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1940-11-04)November 4, 1940
Buca Bay, Cakaudrove Province |
| Died | October 3, 2003(2003-10-03) (aged 62)
Christchurch, New Zealand |
| Spouse | Suliana Kaloumaira (m. 1966) |
| Children | * Simione Ramacake * Ropate Rakula * Atunaisa Taleasiga * Asenaca Tania Tuivanuavou |
|  | |


title: Têtes à claques

abstract: Têtes à claques is a French-language humour website created on 16 August 2006. Over one million short videos are watched per day, making it one of the most popular francophone websites in Quebec. As of December 2017, 290 videos had been created. The most popular of these include Le pilote, Le Willi Waller, and Halloween. The creator, Michel Beaudet, has expressed surprise at the popularity of his site, saying it has reached an audience he never anticipated. In 2010, Mondo Media picked up the English version of Têtes à claques and began broadcasting it under the name TAC. In January 2016, the second version of the English series, now titled Knuckleheads, got its premiere on Adult Swim. It was partly remastered to make jokes understandable for an English-speaking audience. The clips are produced by Salambo Productions, a company Beaudet formed in order to capitalize on the success of Têtes à claques.

text:
# Têtes à claques

**Têtes à claques** (French pronunciation: \[tɛtza klak\]) is a French-language humour website created on 16 August 2006. Over one million short videos are watched per day, making it one of the most popular francophone websites in Quebec (and eventually Canada as a whole). As of December 2017, 290 videos had been created. The most popular of these include *Le pilote,* *Le Willi Waller,* and *Halloween.*

The creator, Michel Beaudet, has expressed surprise at the popularity of his site, saying it has reached an audience he never anticipated.

In 2010, Mondo Media picked up the English version of Têtes à claques and began broadcasting it under the name TAC.

In January 2016, the second version of the English series, now titled *Knuckleheads*, got its premiere on Adult Swim. It was partly remastered to make jokes understandable for an English-speaking audience (for example, the Prime Minister was made similar to Stephen Harper).

The clips are produced by Salambo Productions, a company Beaudet formed in order to capitalize on the success of Têtes à claques.

## Description

The skits feature characters sculpted from modelling clay that are fairly simplistic. Michel Beaudet creates the figures himself, by superimposing his own moving eyes, mouth, and sometimes nose on their faces with a computer. In addition, Beaudet has a set of fake, grotesque teeth, which he puts in while his face is being filmed. The phrase *tête à claques* translates loosely as "a face so dumb, you want to slap it".

The site has also become very popular in France, not only because of the intentional humour and wit, but also because of a stereotypical Quebec accent. This differs greatly from pronunciations used in France, and thus provides its own humour, in addition to the frequent anglicisms (English words or expressions inserted into speech).

## History

Beaudet has said that "Têtes à claques was an accident". Previously a professional advertiser, he wanted to create an educational program for children by making animals using modelling clay. These animals would have described their lives, their natural habitats, and other information, interspersed with some childish gags. Beaudet says he quickly discovered that "90% of the time it takes to animate is spent moving the eyes and mouth." He tried doing it by hand, but because he was "too lazy", he decided to record his own face and superimpose his eyes and mouth on the figurines. He began by making frogs and had fun making them fart in water. After he showed the results to his friends and relatives, they were more amused by the farting frogs than by the original idea.

From late 2007 to 2010, Beaudet received offers from telephone companies and television stations. Incidentally, the first offer was from a French, not Canadian company. The popularity of the show surged to the point that Beaudet employed two other people, video editor Simon Parizeau and artistic director Hugo Caron, to help with the production at his home in Boucherville.

On 1 February 2007, Têtes à claques announced a partnership with Bell Canada to provide videos and other media on Bell Mobility, Sympatico, and Bell Satellite TV services. The same year, they also signed a deal with the American company Topps and produced several clips for their candy brand Vertigo. A series of figurines, sweaters, and accessories with Têtes à claques images went on sale on Beaudet's official site. A clip titled *Le chien* (The dog) was created in partnership with the Quebec-based Mira Guide Dog Foundation.

In June 2007, the animators listed a Body Toner Platinum Edition, a Willi Waller 2006, and an LCD shovel 2007 on eBay. These items, popularized by some of the best-known clips on the site, were intended to raise funds for the Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, a prominent pediatric centre in Quebec.

In October 2007, Têtes à claques started pre-sales of its Region 1 DVDs. Volume 1 includes the first 45 clips, the history of Têtes à claques, character bios, and English, Quebec French, and international French subtitles. Volume 2 was released on 21 October 2008. In addition to the subsequent 45 clips from the series, the DVD contains supplementary material such as a documentary on the history of the series titled Têtes à claques: une histoire "unbelievable" (Têtes à claques: an "unbelievable" story), a clip created for the 40th birthday of singer Celine Dion, deleted scenes, and others. Volume 3 was released on 1 December 2009 with the next 45 clips, and Volume 4 came out on 1 March 2011.

In 2017, new videos were released on the site titled *Ne Paniquez Pas, Restez Calme*, and later in English as *Don't Panic. Stay Calm*, in which they parody educational videos instructing people on how to act in life-threatening situations. The same year, a set of older Têtes à claques videos dubbed in Spanish appeared on the site under the name *Los Caraculo* (The buttfaces).

In September 2019, Beaudet released a teaser trailer for a new series he had created, titled *Les Histoires bizarres du professeur Zarbi* (The Bizarre Stories of Professor Zarbi), featuring the eponymous Professor Zarbi, specialist in occult and paranormal phenomena, who together with his young neighbour and assistant Benjamin takes part in incredible adventures. Each episode runs for 30 minutes. Beaudet maintains that his team has refined their animation methods compared to Têtes à claques by using software from Toon Boom Animation. According to Beaudet, "This allows us to create much more spectacular and fluid animations".

## English versions

On 14 August 2008, the beta version of the new bilingual "Têtes à claques" website was launched. Beaudet has recently admitted that making English versions of the comedy shorts is in his "game plan".

The first English version of most dialogues is interpreted by Canadian voiceover actor Bruce Dinsmore, best known for the PBS series *Arthur*. Dinsmore was chosen by Beaudet because he was similar to him in many ways, from his looks to his eyes, so the main difference between the versions would be language. Beaudet still performs the voices of some of the characters (Captain Cooper, Raoul, and a fast food drive-through worker). The shorts were reanimated and translated to English for better humour and quality for English-speaking audiences; for example, the Super Bol has been reanimated and renamed to Beat the Buzzer. Mondo Media picked up the show under the name TAC.TV. Also, *Le Willi Waller* sketches have the products renamed because the episodes were produced later than when the product was made (for example, Willi Waller 2006 becomes the Willi Waller Gold Edition and the LCD Shovel 2007 becomes the LCD Shovel Full HD because it was produced in 2008, later than 2006). Some fans have complained that the jokes are meaningless since one of the main purposes of the series is to poke fun of the Quebecois accent, which the English version does not replicate. Others have appreciated the humour in the translated jokes.

The second English version, entitled Knuckleheads, feature remastered versions of full 22-minute Têtes à claques episodes (most of them now animated with CG and After Effects). Canadian actor Joe Cobden interpreted all of the dialogue and has played nearly all of the characters in each cartoon. This English version was developed by Toronto-based playwright Bobby Theodore. Just like TAC.tv, Knuckleheads made several edits and changes in order to make jokes understandable for English-speaking audiences. They also made numerous name changes, such as the famous character Uncle Tom, whose name was changed to Uncle Ted (possibly to avoid any racial issues). The series finally premiered on Adult Swim Canada in January 2016, making it the first time Têtes à claques aired on English-speaking television.

## Criticism and controversy

On 12 November 2006, Beaudet appeared on the Quebec television show *Tout le monde en parle* (Everyone's Talking About It) hosted by Guy A. Lepage. He noted many employers have blocked access to the site because it has become so popular that workers were watching it during the day. Numerous schools across Canada have blocked it as well, mostly for its use of mature language and profanity.

In 2006, the clip *So sexy* was banned from the site due to copyright infringement for using the song "I'm Too Sexy" by Right Said Fred. The clip could still be viewed elsewhere on the internet.

In April 2007, the organization Québec Pluriel deemed the clip *Le Cannibale* racist. Monique, a character from the clip, nicknames one of the cannibals Kunta Kinte, an ironic nod to the African slave whose life was the subject of the Alex Haley book and TV miniseries *Roots*. Following this, Michel Beaudet stated that he had no racist intentions and justified the choice of name as purely humorous.

## Partial list of original characters in French

* Raoul Robidoux
* Lucien and Monique
* Morin and Monette
* Uncle Tom
* Natacha
* Captain Pichette
* The co-pilot
* Gabriel and Samuel
* Les ti-papoutes
* Jimmy and Réjean
* Yvon
* Gaétan
* Turcotte
* Marcel and Roger
* Jack Curtis
* Carole and Ginette

## InfoBox

Tête à claques
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type of site | Humour website |
| Available in | French
English
Spanish |
| Owner | Michel Beaudet |
| Created by | Michel Beaudet |
| URL | tetesaclaques.tv |
| Launched | 16 August 2006 |
| Current status | active |


title: Crepidotus cesatii

abstract: Crepidotus cesatii, commonly known as the roundspored oysterling, is a species of saprophytic fungus in the family Crepidotaceae with a stipeless sessile cap. It is often found on woody and herbaceous plant debris from many different hosts including conifers, appearing from late summer to winter usually in small scattered groups. Often confused with Crepidotus variabilis, it can be distinguished by its different spores.

text:
# Crepidotus cesatii

***Crepidotus cesatii***, commonly known as the **roundspored oysterling**, is a species of saprophytic fungus in the family Crepidotaceae with a stipeless sessile cap. It is often found on woody and herbaceous plant debris from many different hosts including conifers, appearing from late summer to winter usually in small scattered groups. Often confused with *Crepidotus variabilis*, it can be distinguished by its different spores.

## Description

* **Cap**: The cap (pileus) of *C. variabilis* is generally about 0.4 to 2 cm in diameter is white and emerges kidney shaped soon becoming irregular and wavy forming patches of overlapping fruit bodies. The surface is very finely downy to velvety with a margin more or less inrolled.
* **Gills**: Colour is whitish, then buff-brown with pink flush, fairly distant, decurrent to base.
* **Spores**: The spore print is pinkish-buff, more pink than C. variabilis. Their shape is subspherical and minutely warty, measuring 6.5–8.5 × 5–7 μm in size.
* **Absent features**: No stipe (stem) or annulus (ring).

| *Crepidotus cesatii*Mycological characteristics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | **Gills** on hymenium |
|  | No distinct cap |
|  | Hymenium attachment is not applicable |
|  | Lacks a stipe |
|  | Spore print is **buff** |
|  | Ecology is **saprotrophic** |

## Bibliography

* Saccardo, P.A. 1887. Sylloge Hymenomycetum, Vol. I. Agaricineae. Sylloge Fungorum. 5:1-1146

## InfoBox

| *Crepidotus cesatii* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Crepidotaceae |
| Genus: | *Crepidotus* |
| Species: | ***C. cesatii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Crepidotus cesatii***<br>(Sacc. 1877) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Agaricus variabilis var.'sphaerosporus* * *Crepidotus sphaerosporus* * *Dochmiopus sphaerosporus* | |


title: Brazilian destroyer Paraná (1910)

abstract: Paraná was a Pará-class destroyer of the Brazilian Navy, serving from 1910 to 1933. She was named after Brazilian state of Paraná.

text:
# Brazilian destroyer Paraná (1910)

***Paraná*** was a *Pará*-class destroyer of the Brazilian Navy, serving from 1910 to 1933. She was named after Brazilian state of Paraná.

## Description and construction

The ship had an overall length of 240 feet (73.2 m), a beam of 23.5 feet (7.2 m) and a draught of 7+56 feet (2.4 m). She was powered by 2 triple expansion reciprocating steam engines, driving two shafts, which developed a total of 8,877 indicated horsepower (6,620 kW) and gave a maximum design speed of 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph). During the trials the contract speed was exceeded, and the vessel was clocked at 28.74 knots (53.23 km/h; 33.07 mph). Steam for the turbines was provided by two double-ended Yarrow boilers. *Paraná* carried a maximum of 140 long tons (140 t) of coal that gave her a range of approximately 3,700 nautical miles (6,900 km; 4,300 mi) at 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph).

The ship mounted two 4 in (102 mm) guns in single mounts. In addition, four 47 mm (3pdr) cannons in single mounts were deployed at the time of launching.

## Bibliography

* "Paraná III." *Serviço de Documentação da Marinha — Histórico de Navios*. Diretoria do Patrimônio Histórico e Documentação da Marinha, Departamento de História Marítima. Accessed 27 August 2017.
* Gardiner, Robert and Randal Gray, eds. *Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921*. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1985. ISBN 0-87021-907-3. OCLC 12119866.
* "CT Paraná - CT 8." *Navios De Guerra Brasileiros*. Accessed 27 August 2017.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Brazil | |
| Name | *Paraná* |
| Namesake | Paraná (Brazilian state) |
| Ordered | 1904 |
| Builder | Yarrow, Scotstoun |
| Yard number | 1268 |
| Launched | 24 March 1910 |
| Completed | 1910 |
| Decommissioned | 1933 |
| Identification | **8** |
| Fate | Scrapped |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | *Pará*-class destroyer |
| Displacement | 560 long tons (570 t) |
| Length | 240 ft (73 m) |
| Beam | 23 ft 6 in (7.16 m) |
| Draught | 7 ft 10 in (2.39 m) |
| Installed power |  |
| Propulsion | 2 shafts, 2 vertical triple expansion steam engines |
| Speed | 27 knots (31 mph; 50 km/h) |
| Range | 3,700 nautical miles (6,900 km) at 14 knots (16 mph; 26 km/h) |
| Complement | 130 |
| Armament |  |