title: Central tendency

abstract: In statistics, a central tendency is a central or typical value for a probability distribution. Colloquially, measures of central tendency are often called averages. The term central tendency dates from the late 1920s. The most common measures of central tendency are the arithmetic mean, the median, and the mode. A middle tendency can be calculated for either a finite set of values or for a theoretical distribution, such as the normal distribution. Occasionally authors use central tendency to denote "the tendency of quantitative data to cluster around some central value." The central tendency of a distribution is typically contrasted with its dispersion or variability; dispersion and central tendency are the often characterized properties of distributions. Analysis may judge whether data has a strong or a weak central tendency based on its dispersion.

text:
# Central tendency

In statistics, a **central tendency** (or **measure of central tendency**) is a central or typical value for a probability distribution.

Colloquially, measures of central tendency are often called *averages.* The term *central tendency* dates from the late 1920s.

The most common measures of central tendency are the arithmetic mean, the median, and the mode. A middle tendency can be calculated for either a finite set of values or for a theoretical distribution, such as the normal distribution. Occasionally authors use central tendency to denote "the tendency of quantitative data to cluster around some central value."

The central tendency of a distribution is typically contrasted with its *dispersion* or *variability*; dispersion and central tendency are the often characterized properties of distributions. Analysis may judge whether data has a strong or a weak central tendency based on its dispersion.

## Measures

The following may be applied to one-dimensional data. Depending on the circumstances, it may be appropriate to transform the data before calculating a central tendency. Examples are squaring the values or taking logarithms. Whether a transformation is appropriate and what it should be, depend heavily on the data being analyzed.

Arithmetic mean or simply, meanthe sum of all measurements divided by the number of observations in the data set. Medianthe middle value that separates the higher half from the lower half of the data set. The median and the mode are the only measures of central tendency that can be used for ordinal data, in which values are ranked relative to each other but are not measured absolutely. Modethe most frequent value in the data set. This is the only central tendency measure that can be used with nominal data, which have purely qualitative category assignments. Generalized meanA generalization of the Pythagorean means, specified by an exponent. Geometric meanthe *n*th root of the product of the data values, where there are *n* of these. This measure is valid only for data that are measured on a strictly positive scale. Harmonic meanthe reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals of the data values. This measure is valid only for data that are measured either on a strictly positive or a strictly negative scale. Weighted arithmetic meanan arithmetic mean that incorporates weighting to certain data elements. Truncated mean or trimmed meanthe arithmetic mean of data values after a certain number or proportion of the highest and lowest data values have been discarded. Interquartile meana truncated mean based on data within the interquartile range. Midrangethe arithmetic mean of the maximum and minimum values of a data set. Midhingethe arithmetic mean of the first and third quartiles. Quasi-arithmetic meanA generalization of the generalized mean, specified by a continuous injective function. Trimeanthe weighted arithmetic mean of the median and two quartiles. Winsorized meanan arithmetic mean in which extreme values are replaced by values closer to the median.

Any of the above may be applied to each dimension of multi-dimensional data, but the results may not be invariant to rotations of the multi-dimensional space.

Geometric medianthe point minimizing the sum of distances to a set of sample points. This is the same as the median when applied to one-dimensional data, but it is not the same as taking the median of each dimension independently. It is not invariant to different rescaling of the different dimensions. Quadratic mean (often known as the root mean square)useful in engineering, but not often used in statistics. This is because it is not a good indicator of the center of the distribution when the distribution includes negative values. Simplicial depththe probability that a randomly chosen simplex with vertices from the given distribution will contain the given center Tukey mediana point with the property that every halfspace containing it also contains many sample points

## Solutions to variational problems

Several measures of central tendency can be characterized as solving a variational problem, in the sense of the calculus of variations, namely minimizing variation from the center. That is, given a measure of statistical dispersion, one asks for a measure of central tendency that minimizes variation: such that variation from the center is minimal among all choices of center. In a quip, "dispersion precedes location". These measures are initially defined in one dimension, but can be generalized to multiple dimensions. This center may or may not be unique. In the sense of Lp spaces, the correspondence is:

| *L*p | dispersion | central tendency |
| --- | --- | --- |
| L0 | variation ratio | mode |
| L1 | average absolute deviation | median (geometric median) |
| L2 | standard deviation | mean (centroid) |
| L | maximum deviation | midrange |

The associated functions are called p-norms: respectively 0-"norm", 1-norm, 2-norm, and ∞-norm. The function corresponding to the L0 space is not a norm, and is thus often referred to in quotes: 0-"norm".

In equations, for a given (finite) data set X, thought of as a vector **x** = (x1,…,xn), the dispersion about a point **c** is the "distance" from **x** to the constant vector **c** = (c,…,c) in the p-norm (normalized by the number of points n):

$$f\_{p}(c)=\left\\|\mathbf {x} -\mathbf {c} \right\\|\_{p}:={\bigg (}{\frac {1}{n}\sum \_{i=1}^{n}\left|x\_{i}-c\right|^{p}{\bigg )}^{1/p}}$$

For p = 0 and p = ∞ these functions are defined by taking limits, respectively as p → 0 and p → ∞. For p = 0 the limiting values are 00 = 0 and a0 = 0 or a ≠ 0, so the difference becomes simply equality, so the 0-norm counts the number of *unequal* points. For p = ∞ the largest number dominates, and thus the ∞-norm is the maximum difference.

### Uniqueness

The mean (*L*2 center) and midrange (*L* center) are unique (when they exist), while the median (*L*1 center) and mode (*L*0 center) are not in general unique. This can be understood in terms of convexity of the associated functions (coercive functions).

The 2-norm and ∞-norm are strictly convex, and thus (by convex optimization) the minimizer is unique (if it exists), and exists for bounded distributions. Thus standard deviation about the mean is lower than standard deviation about any other point, and the maximum deviation about the midrange is lower than the maximum deviation about any other point.

The 1-norm is not *strictly* convex, whereas strict convexity is needed to ensure uniqueness of the minimizer. Correspondingly, the median (in this sense of minimizing) is not in general unique, and in fact any point between the two central points of a discrete distribution minimizes average absolute deviation.

The 0-"norm" is not convex (hence not a norm). Correspondingly, the mode is not unique – for example, in a uniform distribution *any* point is the mode.

### Clustering

Instead of a single central point, one can ask for multiple points such that the variation from these points is minimized. This leads to cluster analysis, where each point in the data set is clustered with the nearest "center". Most commonly, using the 2-norm generalizes the mean to *k*-means clustering, while using the 1-norm generalizes the (geometric) median to *k*-medians clustering. Using the 0-norm simply generalizes the mode (most common value) to using the *k* most common values as centers.

Unlike the single-center statistics, this multi-center clustering cannot in general be computed in a closed-form expression, and instead must be computed or approximated by an iterative method; one general approach is expectation–maximization algorithms.

### Information geometry

The notion of a "center" as minimizing variation can be generalized in information geometry as a distribution that minimizes divergence (a generalized distance) from a data set. The most common case is maximum likelihood estimation, where the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) maximizes likelihood (minimizes expected surprisal), which can be interpreted geometrically by using entropy to measure variation: the MLE minimizes cross-entropy (equivalently, relative entropy, Kullback–Leibler divergence).

A simple example of this is for the center of nominal data: instead of using the mode (the only single-valued "center"), one often uses the empirical measure (the frequency distribution divided by the sample size) as a "center". For example, given binary data, say heads or tails, if a data set consists of 2 heads and 1 tails, then the mode is "heads", but the empirical measure is 2/3 heads, 1/3 tails, which minimizes the cross-entropy (total surprisal) from the data set. This perspective is also used in regression analysis, where least squares finds the solution that minimizes the distances from it, and analogously in logistic regression, a maximum likelihood estimate minimizes the surprisal (information distance).

## Relationships between the mean, median and mode

For unimodal distributions the following bounds are known and are sharp:

$$\frac {|\theta -\mu |}{\sigma }\leq {\sqrt {3},}$$

$$\frac {|\nu -\mu |}{\sigma }\leq {\sqrt {0.6},}$$

$$\frac {|\theta -\nu |}{\sigma }\leq {\sqrt {3},}$$

where *μ* is the mean, *ν* is the median, *θ* is the mode, and *σ* is the standard deviation.

For every distribution,

$$\frac {|\nu -\mu |}{\sigma }\leq 1.$$

1. Weisberg H.F (1992) *Central Tendency and Variability*, Sage University Paper Series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences, ISBN 0-8039-4007-6 p.2
2. Upton, G.; Cook, I. (2008) *Oxford Dictionary of Statistics*, OUP ISBN 978-0-19-954145-4 (entry for "central tendency")
3. Dodge, Y. (2003) *The Oxford Dictionary of Statistical Terms*, OUP for International Statistical Institute. ISBN 0-19-920613-9 (entry for "central tendency")
4. Johnson NL, Rogers CA (1951) "The moment problem for unimodal distributions". *Annals of Mathematical Statistics*, 22 (3) 433–439
5. Hotelling H, Solomons LM (1932) The limits of a measure of skewness. Annals Math Stat 3, 141–114
6. Garver (1932) Concerning the limits of a mesuare of skewness. Ann Math Stats 3(4) 141–142


title: Central stoneroller

abstract: The central stoneroller, or Ohio stoneroller, is a fish in the family Cyprinidae endemic to North America.

text:
# Central stoneroller

The **central stoneroller**, or **Ohio stoneroller** (***Campostoma anomalum***), is a fish in the family Cyprinidae endemic to North America.

## Biology

Stonerollers have a rounded snout overhanging a crescent-shaped mouth, a hard ridge of cartilage on the lower lip, and irregular patches of dark colored scales on the sides of the body. Breeding males have orange colored fins with a black band on the dorsal fin and often on the anal fin; breeding tubercles (keratinized growths) also cover the head, back, and sides of the body.

## Distribution

The central stoneroller is widespread in freshwater streams throughout a large portion of the eastern, central, and midwestern United States. It is present in the Atlantic Ocean, Great Lakes, Mississippi River, and Hudson Bay basins in the US, from New York west to North Dakota and Wyoming and south to South Carolina and Texas. Isolated populations are also found in Canada and Mexico. The central stoneroller is benthopelagic, inhabiting either the midwaters or bottom of freshwater streams and rivers. It requires some current and is most commonly found in riffles and pools of moderate to high gradient streams with a gravel substrate bottom. However, it is a very tolerant species and can be found in almost any stream system with adequate food, leading to its widespread distribution.

## Ecology

The central stoneroller is generally herbivorous, feeding primarily on algae scraped from rocks and logs with the cartilaginous ridge on its lower jaw. Young fish feed on rotifers, filamentous algae, and microcrustaceans. It also feeds on detritus, diatoms, and occasionally aquatic insects. It is classified as a grazing minnow in its feeding behavior, and large schools of these fish often feed together. Central stonerollers may consume up to 27 percent of their body weight in benthic algae per day. One Kansas study found that algae contributed most (47 percent) to the diet of central stonerollers, followed by detritus (30 percent), animal matter (21 percent), and terrestrial vegetation (2 percent). Some human-induced factors that reduce the abundance of the central stoneroller are altered flow regimens, habitat fragmentation, impacts to aquatic and riparian habitat associated with agricultural practices, and increased siltation and aquatic vegetation.

## Life history

Central stonerollers reach maturity in one to four years. Breeding males begin building nests in late winter and continue throughout midsummer, creating large, bowl-shaped depressions in calmer waters by rolling stones along the bottom with their noses, giving them their common name. The males aggressively defend their nests against rival males. Spawning occurs in early spring and summer, varying by region, with those fish in warmer climates generally spawning earlier than those in colder climates. Females remain in deeper water outside the nesting site, entering only briefly to produce anywhere between 200 and 4800 eggs in a nest. The male fertilizes the eggs, causing them to become adhesive and lodge in the gravel of the nest, preventing them from being carried away by the currents. The eggs are then abandoned by both parents and hatch within a few days. The newly hatched fish school together to feed in the warmer and more protected backwaters and vegetated stream margins. This species is generally found in small, clear streams with gravel, rubble, or exposed bedrock. Often the most abundant species in small streams, schools may contain several hundred individuals. Central stonerollers also display some intolerance to heavy siltation or pollutants, which affect the quantity of available algae in pool and riffle habitats.

## Subspecies

## Management

The central stoneroller is widely distributed, so is not being threatened to a large extent, nor is it listed on any federal or state conservation lists. The central stoneroller is listed as "least concern" on the IUCN Red list since 2013.

* Evans-White, M. A., W. K. Dodds, and M. R. Whiles.

2003. Ecosystem significance of crayfishes and stonerollers in a prairie stream: functional differences between co-occurring ominivores. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 22:423–441.

## InfoBox

| Central stoneroller | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
|
Secure  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Leuciscinae |
| *Clade*: | Pogonichthyinae |
| Genus: | *Campostoma* |
| Species: | ***C. anomalum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Campostoma anomalum***
Rafinesque, 1820 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Rutilus anomalous* Rafinesque, 1820 * *Catostomus melanotus* Rafinesque, 1820 | |


title: Centrometopia

abstract: Centrometopia is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Ragonot in 1887.

text:
# Centrometopia

***Centrometopia*** is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Ragonot in 1887.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Centrometopia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Subfamily: | Phycitinae |
| Genus: | *Centrometopia*<br>Ragonot, 1887 |
|


title: Centromerus persolutus

abstract: Centromerus persolutus is a species of sheetweb spider in the family Linyphiidae. It is found in the Northeast United States and Canada.

text:
# Centromerus persolutus

***Centromerus persolutus*** is a species of sheetweb spider in the family Linyphiidae. It is found in the Northeast United States and Canada.

## InfoBox

| *Centromerus persolutus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Linyphiidae |
| Genus: | *Centromerus* |
| Species: | ***C. persolutus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Centromerus persolutus***<br>(O. P.-Cambridge, 1875) | |
|


title: Centrometopia interruptella

abstract: Centrometopia interruptella is a species of snout moth. It was described by Émile Louis Ragonot in 1887 and is known from Turkmenistan. The wingspan is about 20 mm.

text:
# Centrometopia interruptella

***Centrometopia interruptella*** is a species of snout moth. It was described by Émile Louis Ragonot in 1887 and is known from Turkmenistan.

The wingspan is about 20 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Centrometopia interruptella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Centrometopia* |
| Species: | ***C. interruptella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Centrometopia interruptella***<br>Ragonot, 1887 | |
|


title: Sibdon Carwood

abstract: Sibdon Carwood is a hamlet and parish in Shropshire, England. To the east is the town of Craven Arms.

text:
# Sibdon Carwood

**Sibdon Carwood** is a hamlet and parish in Shropshire, England. To the east is the town of Craven Arms.

## Etymology and history

The place is occasionally written simply with the first part of the name, which has been spelt variously over the centuries. Originally "Sibton" (in the Domesday Book of 1086 it was recorded as "Sibetune"), from Saxon origin meaning "Sibba's farmstead". The second part of the full name, Carwood, means "the wood where the rocks are found". The name Carwood is also given to a wooded slope, north of Wart Hill in the north of Hopesay parish, and to three cottages there.

The Norman barons who locally had their power base at Clun Castle, the *de Say* (or "Sai") family, held the manor after the Norman conquest of England. During the medieval period, the Welsh Marches was an area of instability and conflict, ruled by the Marcher lords. The Domesday Book records Sibdon as having 6 households, making it quite a small manor population-wise.

The fortified manor at Sibdon Carwood, the predecessor to the 17th-century Sibdon Castle country house, is given the name "Shepeton Corbet" by a number of historical documents, including that of John Leland (c. 1535–43), who also gives the suffix to Hopton Castle and Moreton Corbet castle. This is an indication that the Corbet family owned these fortified manors around the time, of which Moreton Corbet's castle retains the suffix to this day.

About a mile to the north, in the neighbouring hamlet of Cheney Longville, was Cheney Longville Castle.

A description of the parish published in 1848 records that 59 people lived in the parish, which was wholly owned by the Sibdon Castle estate. It also noted a perpetual curacy, with a net income of £50.

Originally the manor of Sibdon was part of the hundred of Rinlau, as recorded in the Domesday Book, however in the 12th century the hundreds of Shropshire were greatly reformed and the parish from then on came within the hundred of Purslow. In 1894 it became part of Ludlow Rural District and then in 1974 the non-metropolitan district of South Shropshire. In 2009 there was another re-organisation of local administration, with the creation of a unitary authority covering most of Shropshire.

The nearby town of Craven Arms is a relatively recent development in the area – it was established only in the mid-19th century, being at the junction of a number of newly-laid railway lines. With much of its recent growth towards the west of the town, its urban area has reached Watling Street and its outskirts fringe into Sibdon Carwood parish.

## The hamlet

The community is quite dispersed, though there is a core hamlet at the heart of the **Sibdon Castle** estate. Once the location of a medieval fortification or manor house, the present Sibdon Castle is not a castle but an early/mid-17th century stone country house, built by the Corbet family. It was modernised in the 18th century and made castellated with battlements added around 1800. To the rear of the house is a courtyard with a stone stable block. It is a Grade II\* Listed building.

Also within the main hamlet is St Michael's Church, which was rebuilt in 1741; there has been a church here since about 1180. A west tower was added around 1800 and the church was restored, extended and made Gothic, with tower battlements, in 1871–2. The church and a lodge near Sibdon Castle are both Grade II listed. Otherwise the hamlet consists of a farm with its own farmhouse, a small number of cottages and numerous outbuildings. Just to the northeast lies Sibdon Pool, a historic 1.3 hectare fishing pool. A private tree-lined carriage drive connects the main hamlet with the Clun Road (the B4368). A number of public right of ways converge on the hamlet, giving the public access to the church, one of which is part of the "Shropshire Way" and "Wart Hill Wanderer".

## The parish

The population of the whole parish was recorded as 82 persons, in 34 households, by the 2001 Census. Instead of a parish council it has a parish meeting; this is due to the very small population of the parish. There is a parish noticeboard on Watling Street. The parish forms part of the Church Stretton and Craven Arms electoral division of Shropshire Council, the local council.

The eastern border of the parish is Watling Street, a Roman road – the other side of this lane is Craven Arms parish. The northern border is Long Lane, with the parish of Wistanstow to the north, whilst to the west is Hopesay Hill and Common. The parish lies on the eastern slope of the hill, between the summit and the town of Craven Arms (where the River Onny flows through); Sibdon Castle itself is at 187 metres above sea level. The western half of the parish, including the main hamlet, lies within the Shropshire Hills AONB, with the lane running through the parish forming the boundary. This western half of the parish is on a steeper gradient and is more wooded, with Sibdon Wood and Oldfield Wood, as well as parkland style trees.

The parish also includes half of the hamlet of **Long Meadowend**, which is situated in the southwestern corner of the parish, at the junction of the B4367, B4368 and the main lane through the parish, which runs north to Long Lane. (However the junction at Long Meadowend lies in Hopesay parish.) The B4368 road (running from Craven Arms to Clun) and the Heart of Wales Line run through the southern part of the parish, with the nearest railway stations at Broome and Craven Arms.

A small number of holiday cottages now exist in the parish, on Long Lane and Watling Street. Also on Watling Street a farm has diversified since 2004 into an activities centre for children and groups, which has in recent years created large (temporary) outdoor mazes in nearby fields, including corn mazes. Long Lane is part of the "Six Castles Cycleway" and the National Cycle Network route 44.

## Nearby settlements

* Geograph – photos of Sibdon Carwood (including inside St Michael's Church)
* Flickr – photo of Sibdon Castle

Media related to Sibdon Carwood at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Sibdon Carwood | |
| --- | --- |
| St. Michael's Church | |
| Sibdon CarwoodLocation within Shropshire | |
| Population | 82 (2001 Census) |
| OS grid reference | SO412831 |
| London | 153 miles (246 km) |
| Civil parish | * Sibdon Carwood |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | CRAVEN ARMS |
| Postcode district | SY7 |
| Dialling code | 01588 |
|  | |
| Police | West Mercia |
| Fire | Shropshire |
| Ambulance | West Midlands |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Sibe Mardešić

abstract: Sibe Mardešić was a Croatian mathematician.

text:
# Sibe Mardešić

**Sibe Mardešić** (June 20, 1927 - June 18, 2016) was a Croatian mathematician.

## Life and education

Sibe Mardešić was born in June 1927, in Bergedorf (near Hamburg, Germany), where his parents temporarily resided before moving to Chile. After that, they returned to Split, where he completed elementary school and high school. Soon after World War II he went to Zagreb to study mathematics. After graduation he took a job as an assistant at the Department of Mathematics of the University of Zagreb, where he stayed until his retirement in 1991. He was a full member of the Croatian Academy of Arts and Sciences, a corresponding member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts and a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

## Work

Mardešić was a topologist who worked in all main branches of topology having published 148 research papers, 40 professional articles and 18 books. With Jack Segal, he developed an alternate approach to shape theory using inverse systems method of ANRs generalizing Borsuk's shape theory to include all compact Hausdorff spaces, independently of Tim Porter and Włodzimierz Holsztyński. Later he extended Holsztyński's theory for compact Hausdorff spaces to all topological spaces. He introduced the first factorization theorem in dimension theory, the Mardešić factorization theorem. With P. Papić he introduced the notion of feebly compact spaces.

He died on June 18, 2016, in Zagreb.

## Selected publications


title: Sibby Nichols

abstract: Sebastian John "Sibby" Nichols was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 110 games in various amateur and professional leagues, including the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association and Pacific Coast Hockey Association. Amongst the teams he played with were the Montreal Shamrocks, Vancouver Millionaires, Victoria Aristocrats, Spokane Canaries, and Seattle Metropolitans. He also played lacrosse with the Vancouver Lacrosse Club.

text:
# Sibby Nichols

**Sebastian John "Sibby" Nichols** (August 10, 1884 – January 20, 1957) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 110 games in various amateur and professional leagues, including the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association and Pacific Coast Hockey Association. Amongst the teams he played with were the Montreal Shamrocks, Vancouver Millionaires, Victoria Aristocrats, Spokane Canaries, and Seattle Metropolitans. He also played lacrosse with the Vancouver Lacrosse Club.

## Biography

Nichols started out playing hockey in Montreal, Quebec where he represented the Montreal Shamrocks, Montreal Light Heat Power, and Montreal Astor-Canadien in different leagues. In the 1910–11 season he also played for the Moncton Victorias of the IPPHL and Belleville of the EOPHL, before moving out west to Vancouver and the Vancouver Millionaires in the PCHA for the 1912 season.

Nichols played for the Vancouver Millionaires from 1912 to 1916, though in the 1914–15 season when the Millionaires won its only Stanley Cup he was with the military and stationed in Asia on the ship *RMS Empress of Russia* at the outbreak of World War I. Back in the league for the 1915–16 season Nichols played one game with the Millionaires before moving on to the Victoria Aristocrats.

The Aristocrats were transferred to Spokane, Washington for the 1916–17 PCHA season and played there for one year as the Spokane Canaries, with Nichols tallying 10 goals. In March 1917 Nichols entered the Canadian Over-Seas Expeditionary Forces and did not play for two seasons before making a brief comeback in the 1919–20 season with the Seattle Metropolitans, appearing in the 1920 Stanley Cup Finals.

Nichols was born in Alexandria in the township of North Glengarry, Ontario in 1884, and he died in Los Angeles in 1957.

## Statistics

CAHL-I = Canadian Amateur Hockey League-Intermediate, MMfHL = Montreal Manufacturers Hockey League, MCSHL = Montreal City Senior Hockey League
IPPHL = Inter-Provincial Professional Hockey League, EOPHL = Eastern Ontario Professional Hockey League, Exhb. = Exhibition games

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1907–08 | Montreal Shamrocks-2 | CAHL-I | | 3 | 5 | 0 | 5 |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1908–09 | Montreal Shamrocks-2 | CAHL-I | | 6 |  |  |  |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Montreal Light Heat Power | MMfHL | | 10 | 11 | 0 | 11 | 7 | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1909 | Montreal Shamrocks | ECHA | | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1909–10 | Montreal Light Heat Power | MMfHL | | 9 | 11 | 0 | 11 |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1909–10 | Montreal Shamrocks | CHA | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1910–11 | Montreal Light Heat Power | MMfHL | | 3 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 4 | |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Montreal Astor-Canadien | MCSHL | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Moncton Victorias | IPPHL | | 5 | 13 | 0 | 13 | 4 | | 4 | 14 | 0 | 14 | 0 |
|  | Belleville | EOPHL | | 2 | 3 | 0 | 3 |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1912 | Vancouver Millionaires | PCHA | | 15 | 19 | 0 | 19 | 35 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1912–13 | Vancouver Millionaires | PCHA | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1913–14 | Vancouver Millionaires | PCHA | | 12 | 14 | 6 | 20 | 21 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1914–15 |  |  | |  |  |  |  |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1915–16 | Vancouver Millionaires | PCHA | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | PCHA All-Stars | Exhb. | | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Victoria Aristocrats | PCHA | | 11 | 12 | 10 | 22 | 3 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1916–17 | Spokane Canaries | PCHA | | 23 | 10 | 11 | 21 | 68 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1917–18 |  |  | |  |  |  |  |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1918–19 |  |  | |  |  |  |  |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1919–20 | Seattle Metropolitans | PCHA | | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  |  | Stanley Cup | |  |  |  |  |  | | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| PCHA totals | | | | 67 | 55 | 27 | 82 | 130 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

*Statistics from Society of International Hockey Research at sihrhockey.org*

### Notes

## InfoBox

| Sibby Nichols | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Nichols with the Vancouver Lacrosse Club in 1912 | | | |
| Born | (1884-08-10)August 10, 1884
Alexandria, Ontario, Canada | | |
| Died | January 20, 1957(1957-01-20) (aged 72)
Los Angeles, California, United States | | |
| Height | 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) | | |
| Weight | 150 lb (68 kg; 10 st 10 lb) | | |
| Position | Left wing | | |
| Shot | Left | | |
| Played for | Seattle Metropolitans
Spokane Canaries
Victoria Aristocrats
Vancouver Millionaires
Moncton Victorias
Montreal Shamrocks | | |
| Playing career | 19041917
1919–20 | | |


title: Sibby Flowers

abstract: Sibby Flowers is a former Olympic style weightlifter for the United States. Her coach was John Coffee. She competed at the 44 kg then the 46 kg weight classes and holds the American records for the snatch (67.5 kg), clean & jerk (85 kg), and total (147.5 kg). The weight classes were restructured again when women were added to the Olympic program, thus Sibby holds all of her records in perpetuity.

text:
# Sibby Flowers

**Sibby Flowers** (born 1963) is a former Olympic style weightlifter for the United States. Her coach was John Coffee. She competed at the 44 kg then the 46 kg (after the weight classes were restructured) weight classes and holds the American records for the snatch (67.5 kg), clean & jerk (85 kg), and total (147.5 kg). The weight classes were restructured again when women were added to the Olympic program, thus Sibby holds all of her records in perpetuity.

## Weightlifting achievements

## Personal life

Her maiden name was Sibby Harris. Has a son Christopher born in 1989, and a son Alex born in 1999. Now resides in Knoxville, Tennessee.


title: Sidok sub-county

abstract: Sidok sub-county is a subdivision of Dodoth County, Kaabong District, Uganda.

text:
# Sidok sub-county

**Sidok sub-county** is a subdivision of Dodoth County, Kaabong District, Uganda.

## InfoBox

| Sidok sub-county | |
| --- | --- |
| Etymology: from the administrative center, Sidok | |
| Sidok sub-countyLocation of Sidok sub-county in Uganda | |
| Coordinates: 3°24′39.94″N 34°8′41.86″E / 3.4110944°N 34.1449611°E / 3.4110944; 34.1449611 | |
| Country | Uganda |
| Region | Northern |
| District | Kaabong District |
| Population (2010 ) | |
| Total | 26,269 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |


title: Siege of Chihaya

abstract: The 1333 siege of Chihaya took place during the final year of Japan's Kamakura period. It was one of several battles of the Genkō War, in which Emperor Go-Daigo sought to eliminate the power of the Hōjō clan regents. Chihaya-jō was built atop Mt. Kongō, in Kawachi province, in 1332. Successfully defended the following year by the Imperial forces led by Kusunoki Masashige, it would eventually fall to the Ashikaga shogunate in 1390. Kusunoki Masashige's defense of this fortress became a very classic siege in Japanese history. This was because both the Imperial garrison and the besieging force of the Hōjō demonstrated high levels of siegecraft. Kusunoki's success here made up for his loss two years earlier at the siege of Akasaka, where surrender was forced by the denial of water supplies. Unlike at Akasaka, however, Kusunoki made sure that Chihaya could stand effectively against many attacks, which included the Hōjō's use of movable bridges and fire. Kusunoki also employed many strategies such as dummy troops, and surprise raids. The fortress' position near the summit of the mountain further aided in its defense, allowing Kusunoki's inferior numbers to not be a hindrance in such limited space. His forces employed their superior knowledge of the ridges and ravines of the area to great effect, ending in a successful defense and the enemy's retreat once they learned of the collapse of the Hojo Rokuhara troops in Kyoto.

text:
# Siege of Chihaya

The 1333 **siege of Chihaya** took place during the final year of Japan's Kamakura period. It was one of several battles of the Genkō War, in which Emperor Go-Daigo sought to eliminate the power of the Hōjō clan regents. Chihaya-jō (千早城, Chihaya fortress) was built atop Mt. Kongō, in Kawachi province, in 1332. Successfully defended the following year by the Imperial forces led by Kusunoki Masashige, it would eventually fall to the Ashikaga shogunate in 1390.

Kusunoki Masashige's defense of this fortress became a very classic siege in Japanese history. This was because both the Imperial garrison and the besieging force of the Hōjō demonstrated high levels of siegecraft. Kusunoki's success here made up for his loss two years earlier at the siege of Akasaka, where surrender was forced by the denial of water supplies. Unlike at Akasaka, however, Kusunoki made sure that Chihaya could stand effectively against many attacks, which included the Hōjō's use of movable bridges and fire. Kusunoki also employed many strategies such as dummy troops, and surprise raids.

The fortress' position near the summit of the mountain further aided in its defense, allowing Kusunoki's inferior numbers to not be a hindrance in such limited space. His forces employed their superior knowledge of the ridges and ravines of the area to great effect, ending in a successful defense and the enemy's retreat once they learned of the collapse of the Hojo Rokuhara troops in Kyoto.

* Frederic, Louis (2002). "Japan Encyclopedia." Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

## InfoBox

| Siege of Chihaya | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the Genkō War | |
|
Siege of Chihaya | |
| Date 1333  Location Chihaya castle, Mt. Kongō, Kawachi province34°25′2.01″N 135°39′4.31″E / 34.4172250°N 135.6511972°E / 34.4172250; 135.6511972  Result  Siege fails; Imperial victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Imperial forces | Hōjō clan forces |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Kusunoki Masashige | Hōjō Aso
Hōjō Osaragi
Hōjō Nagoshi
Nitta Yoshisada |
| Strength | |
| less than 1000 | 1 Million |
| class=notpageimage|Location within Japan | |


title: Siderado

abstract: Siderado is the fourth studio album by Skank, released in 1998. It had the hits "Resposta" and "Mandrake e os Cubanos". Siderado has sold 750,000 copies.

text:
# Siderado

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Siderado*** is the fourth studio album by Skank, released in 1998. It had the hits "Resposta" and "Mandrake e os Cubanos". *Siderado* has sold 750,000 copies.

## Track listing

All tracks by Samuel Rosa and Chico Amaral, except where otherwise noted.

1. "Marginal Tietê"
2. "Do Ben" (Samuel Rosa/Marcelo Yuka)
3. "Resposta" (Samuel Rosa/Nando Reis)
4. "Siderado"
5. "Mandrake e os Cubanos"
6. "Os Homens das Cavernas"
7. "Romance Noir"
8. "Don Blás"
9. "Calipsoê"
10. "No Meio Do Mar"
11. "Saideira" (Samuel Rosa/Rodrigo F. Leão)

## InfoBox

| Siderado | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Skank | |
| Released | 1998 |
| Recorded | March to June 1998 |
| Genre | Alternative rock, reggae |
| Label | SonyBMG
DreamWorks |
| Skank chronology | |
| *O Samba Poconé*
(1996) ***Siderado***
(1998) *Maquinarama*
(2000) | |


title: Chain of Lagoons, Tasmania

abstract: Chain of Lagoons is a locality and small rural community in the local government area of Break O'Day, in the North-east region of Tasmania. It is located about 17 kilometres (11 mi) south-east of the town of St Marys. The Tasman Sea forms its eastern boundary. The 2016 census determined a population of 21 for the state suburb of Chain of Lagoons.

text:
# Chain of Lagoons, Tasmania

**Chain of Lagoons** is a locality and small rural community in the local government area of Break O'Day, in the North-east region of Tasmania. It is located about 17 kilometres (11 mi) south-east of the town of St Marys. The Tasman Sea forms its eastern boundary. The 2016 census determined a population of 21 for the state suburb of Chain of Lagoons.

## History

The locality name is believed to be derived from the several lagoons in the vicinity.

## Road infrastructure

The Tasman Highway passes through from south to north, and intersects with the A4 route (Elephant Pass Road) within the locality.

## InfoBox

| Chain of Lagoons<br>Tasmania | |
| --- | --- |
| Chain of Lagoons | |
| Coordinates | 41°39′51″S 148°17′01″E / 41.6643°S 148.2836°E / -41.6643; 148.2836 |
| Population | 21 (2016 census) |
| Postcode(s) | 7215 |
| Location | 17 km (11 mi) SE of St Marys |
| LGA(s) | Break O'Day |
| Region | North-east Tasmania |
| State electorate(s) | Lyons |
| Federal division(s) | Lyons |
| **Localities around Chain of Lagoons:**  St Marys Four Mile Creek Tasman Sea  Gray Chain of Lagoons Tasman Sea  Douglas-Apsley National Park Seymour Tasman Sea | |


title: Sierra Madre Line

abstract: The Sierra Madre Line was a Pacific Electric interurban route which ran 16.52 miles (26.59 km) from the Pacific Electric Building in Los Angeles to Sierra Madre.

text:
# Sierra Madre Line

The **Sierra Madre Line** was a Pacific Electric interurban route which ran 16.52 miles (26.59 km) from the Pacific Electric Building in Los Angeles to Sierra Madre.

## History

The line opened to Pasadena on March 1, 1904. Cars were run through on the Lamanda Park Line to Pasadena. The extension to Sierra Madre opened on New Year's Day 1906. On December 3, 1916 the routing through Downtown Los Angeles changed.

Shuttle service for evening trips between Sierra Madre and San Marino began by March 1, 1928 with passengers changing to Monrovia–Glendora Line trains to complete the trip. Starting March 1939 the rear car of some Glendora trains were disconnected to continue to Sierra Madre. This arrangement became the line's only direct Los Angeles service starting February 21, 1943, as all midday service became shuttles and only rush hour cars from Monrovia trains served the line.

Weekend and midday service was discontinued on June 11, 1948 and all trips became shuttles. A single morning outbound trip from Los Angeles was added after November 25, 1949. On October 8, 1950 service was virtually abandoned with a single daily round trip running between Sierra Madre and San Marino; this ended on December 28, 1950. Pacific Electric continued to operate the route with motor coaches after abandonment.

## Route

The Sierra Madre Line branched north from the Monrovia–Glendora Line in San Marino and its two tracks ran between the dual roadways passing Lamanda Park Junction (Colorado Street and Sierra Madre Boulevard) where it met the local East Colorado Street Line. From this point, the line continued on single track in a northerly direction along a private right of way in the center of Sierra Madre Boulevard to Michillinda Avenue. There the tracks entered into the pavement of city streets and proceeded on Central Avenue (Sierra Madre Boulevard) to Baldwin Avenue in Sierra Madre where the station was located. It then continued north one and one-half blocks via Baldwin Avenue and turned easterly onto another private right of way (between Montecito Avenue and Highland Avenue) to the end of the line of Mountain Trail Avenue, where a small storage yard was located.

## List of major stations

| Station | Mile | Major connections | Date opened | Date closed | City |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | | | |
| Sierra Madre | 16.52 |  | 1902 | 1950 | Sierra Madre |
| El Rincon | 14.10 |  |  |  |
| Lamanda Park Junction | 12.96 | Lamanda Park | 1902 | 1950 | Pasadena |
| San Marino | 11.13 | Monrovia–Glendora | 1902 | 1950 | San Marino |
| El Molino | 9.85 | Monrovia–Glendora, Pasadena via Oak Knoll | 1902 | 1950 | |
| Oneonta Park | 8.30 | Monrovia–Glendora, Mount Lowe, Pasadena Short Line, Pasadena via Oak Knoll, Shorb | 1901 | 1951 | South Pasadena |
| Sierra Vista | 7.39 | Alhambra–San Gabriel, Monrovia–Glendora, Mount Lowe, Pasadena Short Line, Pasadena via Oak Knoll, Shorb | 1901 | 1951 | Alhambra |
| Covina Junction | 3.11 | Alhambra–San Gabriel, Monrovia–Glendora, Mount Lowe, Pasadena Short Line, Pasadena via Oak Knoll, Pomona, Riverside–Rialto, Upland–San Bernardino | 1901 | 1951 | Los Angeles |
| Echandia Junction |  | Alhambra–San Gabriel, Annandale, Monrovia–Glendora, Mount Lowe, Pasadena Short Line, Pasadena via Oak Knoll, Pomona, Riverside–Rialto, South Pasadena Local, Upland–San Bernardino | 1895 | 1951 | |
| Aliso and San Pedro | 1.04 |  |  ||
| Pacific Electric Building | 0 | Alhambra–San Gabriel, Annandale, Balboa, Fullerton, Hawthorne–El Segundo, La Habra–Yorba Linda, Long Beach, Monrovia–Glendora, Mount Lowe, Pasadena Short Line, Pasadena via Oak Knoll, Pomona, Riverside–Rialto, San Pedro via Dominguez, San Pedro via Gardena, Santa Ana, Santa Monica Air Line, Soldiers' Home, South Pasadena Local, Whittier<br>Los Angeles Railway , , , , , and | 1905 | 1961 | |
|  | | | | | |

This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under the public domain as a work of the State of California. (license statement/permission). Text taken from *1981 Inventory of Pacific Electric Routes*, California Department of Transportation. Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority.

## InfoBox

| Sierra Madre | |
| --- | --- |
| Sierra Madre 1908 with PE line Depot and the Hotel Shirley in background | |
| Overview | |
| Owner | Southern Pacific Railroad |
| Locale | Southern California |
| Termini |  |
| Stations | 24 |
| Service | |
| Type | Interurban |
| System | Pacific Electric |
| Operator(s) | Pacific Electric |
| Rolling stock | PE 1100 Class (last used) |
| Daily ridership | 1713 (last counted) |
| History | |
| Opened | January 1, 1906 |
| Closed | December 28, 1950 |
| Technical | |
| Line length | 16.52 mi (26.59 km) |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) standard gauge |
| Electrification | Overhead line, 600 V DC |
| Route map | |


title: Chadwickryggen

abstract: Chadwickryggen is a mountain on Spitsbergen in Svalbard, Norway. At 1,640 metres (5,380 ft) high, it is the fourth-largest peak on Svalbard. It is located west of Wijdefjorden between Smutsbreen and Tryggvebreen in Ny-Friesland. It is named for the English physicist James Chadwick (1891–1974).

text:
# Chadwickryggen

**Chadwickryggen** is a mountain on Spitsbergen in Svalbard, Norway. At 1,640 metres (5,380 ft) high, it is the fourth-largest peak on Svalbard. It is located west of Wijdefjorden between Smutsbreen and Tryggvebreen in Ny-Friesland. It is named for the English physicist James Chadwick (1891–1974).

## InfoBox

| Chadwickryggen | |
| --- | --- |
| ChadwickryggenSpitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 1,640 m (5,380 ft) |
| Coordinates | 79°5.7′N 16°46.9′E / 79.0950°N 16.7817°E / 79.0950; 16.7817 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway |


title: Sigeric I of Essex

abstract: Sigeric I of Essex was a King of Essex, and a son of Saelred of Essex, reigning from an unknown date until he abdicated and went on pilgrimage to Rome in 798. Like his predecessors, he recognised Mercian overlordship. The Itinerary of Archbishop Sigeric, a record of the journey of Sigeric, Archbishop of Canterbury, to Rome in 990. It includes a list of 23 churches in Rome that he visited, one of which was dedicated to St Sigeric, possibly the same as the king of Essex

text:
# Sigeric I of Essex

**Sigeric I of Essex** was a King of Essex, and a son of Saelred of Essex, reigning from an unknown date until he abdicated and went on pilgrimage to Rome in 798. Like his predecessors, he recognised Mercian overlordship.

The Itinerary of Archbishop Sigeric, a record of the journey of Sigeric, Archbishop of Canterbury, to Rome in 990. It includes a list of 23 churches in Rome that he visited, one of which was dedicated to St Sigeric, possibly the same as the king of Essex


title: Cha Cha Cha (TV series)

abstract: Cha Cha Cha was an Argentine sketch comedy television program aired in the 1990s on América TV, starring Alfredo Casero, Fabio Alberti, Diego Capusotto, and others. It was characterized by absurd humour, often improvised and sometimes bordering on the surreal. The show made the actors famous, and is considered as a classic in the history of Argentine television. In 2012 it was announced by Casero that the show could return as a motion picture, but since the announcement no further developments have been made.

text:
# Cha Cha Cha (TV series)

***Cha Cha Cha*** was an Argentine sketch comedy television program aired in the 1990s on América TV, starring Alfredo Casero, Fabio Alberti, Diego Capusotto, and others. It was characterized by absurd humour, often improvised and sometimes bordering on the surreal. The show made the actors famous, and is considered as a classic in the history of Argentine television. In 2012 it was announced by Casero that the show could return as a motion picture, but since the announcement no further developments have been made.

## History

The cycle began in 1992, after the separation of the group of actors that performed the TV comedy show *De la cabeza*. The show was first known only as *Cha Cha Cha*; in the last three seasons, a subtitle was added. In 1995 it was *Dancing en el Titanic*; in 1996 *El Estigma del Dr. Vaporeso*; and the last season was *La parrilla del Xeñor*. The last program was aired on August 13, 1997, and was then cancelled because of low ratings.

Casero himself announced the cancellation of the show, and described it like this: "It had that half and half... with the *guarangadas*(crude, uneducated words) that we used to say... We like the *refiné* stuff, and we also like that funny thing of getting your fingers into mayonnaise to catch an olive." Soon afterwards, in an interview, he stated the reason for the cancellation flatly: "There's no place on television for our show... If I had a TV channel I'd fire the folks of *Cha cha cha* too."

## The sketches

The style of some sketches are similar to Monty Python's Flying Circus, making them sometimes difficult to understand. Other were parodies, such as *Juan Carlos Batman*, where Casero played an Argentine (and fat) version of Batman, or *Siddharta Kiwi*, a skinny fakir or guru performed by Diego Capusotto, who proposed unconventional solutions to everyday problems.

The most controversial sketch was *Todos juntos en capilla*, which came usually last of every emission. In it, Fabio Alberti played a Catholic-style priest who told supposedly edifying but ludicrous stories of a martyr saint called Peperino Pómoro. This prompted a reaction of a conservative Catholic association called *Fundación Argentina del Mañana*, who launched a campaign against the sketch by sending letters to the channel and the commercial sponsors, finally achieving its cancellation.

## Legacy

The program did not employ conventional humour and never had a massive public. In fact, it was always complicated because of low ratings. *Dancing en el Titanic* had to be aired live, to avoid spending extra money in studio, edition, exterior shots, etc. However, *Cha Cha Cha* managed to gather a fan base (some self-styled *Vaporesianos*), who after the cancellation of the show found an alternative in the projects on which the members of Cha Cha Cha continued working on, for example: *Delicatessen*, made in 1998 by Horacio Fontova, Fabio Alberti, Diego Capusotto, José Luis Oliver, Damián Dreizik and Luis Ziembrowski and aired in América TV; the theatre shows of Alfredo Casero, such as *Sólo para entendidos*; and *Todo por dos pesos*, a program by Alberti and Capusotto, aired in Canal 7 and Canal 9, which made these two actors even more popular.

Over time the Chachacha TV series has become somewhat of a fad with a younger generation of Argentines. The programs are watched even today, on the television channel Volver, or on YouTube.

## Cast

| *Cha Cha Cha*
(first seasons) | *Dancing en
el Titanic* | *El estigma del
Dr. Vaporeso* | *La parrilla
del Xeñor* |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| * Alfredo Casero * Fabio Alberti * Diego Capusotto * Vivian El Jaber * Mex Urtizberea * Pablo Cedrón * Rodolfo Samsó * Mariana Briski * Sandra Monteagudo | * Alfredo Casero * Fabio Alberti * Diego Capusotto * Vivian El Jaber * Alejandra Flechner * Gisela Gaeta * Daniel Marín * Martín Pavlovsky * Jorge Takashima * Gregory Dayton | * Alfredo Casero * Fabio Alberti * Diego Capusotto * Vivian El Jaber * Daniel Marín * Rodolfo Samsó * Santiago Ríos * Claudia Disti * Jorge Takashima * Lito Ming | * Alfredo Casero * Fabio Alberti * Diego Capusotto * Vivian El Jaber * Romina Sznaider * Daniel Marín * Claudia Disti * Iván Moschner * Lito Ming |

There were also many appearances of famous people such as Alejandro Lerner, Jorge Lanata, Enrique Macaya Márquez, Charly Alberti, Diego "Chavo" Fucks, Marcos Zucker, and even of Alfredo Casero's son, Nazareno Casero.

## InfoBox

| *Cha Cha Cha* | |
| --- | --- |
| Created by | Alfredo Casero |
| Starring | Alfredo Casero, Mex Urtizberea, Fabio Alberti, Diego Capusotto, Rodolfo Samsó, Pablo Cedrón, Vivian El Jaber, Mariana Briski, Sandra Monteagudo, Daniel Marín, Gisela Gaeta, Alejandra Flechner, Jorge Takashima, Martín Pavlovsky, Lito Ming, Claudia Disti, Santiago Ríos, Iván Moschner, Romina Sznaider, Gregory Dayton |
| Country of origin | Argentina |
| Production | |
| Running time | 45 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | América TV |
| Release | 1992 (1992)
1997 (1997) |


title: Die Kunst des Krieges

abstract: Die Kunst des Krieges is the 992nd episode of the television series Tatort written and directed by Thomas Roth. It was ordered by the Austrian Broadcasting Corporation and produced by Superfilm The film was shot in Vienna and its environs. The official television premiere took place on Sunday, September 4, 2016.

text:
# Die Kunst des Krieges

**Die Kunst des Krieges** (transl. *The Art of War*) is the 992nd episode of the television series *Tatort* written and directed by Thomas Roth. It was ordered by the Austrian Broadcasting Corporation and produced by Superfilm The film was shot in Vienna and its environs. The official television premiere took place on Sunday, September 4, 2016.

## Plot summary

A gruesome murder of a man occurs in a villa on the outskirts of Vienna. The man had been tortured before he was killed. The detective Bibi Fellner (Adele Neuhauser) and her colleague Moritz Eisner (Harald Krassnitzer) begin investigating the incident. The cruelty of the murder leads the detectives to the conclusion that the victim was involved in organised crime activities. Inquiry finally puts the detectives on the trail of the pimp Andy Mittermeier (Michael Fuith) and his beautiful female bodyguard Mina Sandra Nomura "Asia" (Puti Kaisar-Mihara).

### Partial cast listing

## InfoBox

| "**Die Kunst des Krieges**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Tatort* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 38<br>Episode 992 |
| Directed by | Thomas Roth |
| Written by | Thomas Roth |
| Original air date | September 4, 2016 (2016-09-04) |
|


title: R Is for Rocket

abstract: R Is for Rocket (1962) is a short story collection by American writer Ray Bradbury, compiled for Young Adult library sections. It contains fifteen stories from earlier Bradbury collections, and two previously uncollected stories.

text:
# R Is for Rocket

***R Is for Rocket*** (1962) is a short story collection by American writer Ray Bradbury, compiled for Young Adult library sections. It contains fifteen stories from earlier Bradbury collections, and two previously uncollected stories.

## Contents

1. "R Is for Rocket" (first published as "King of the Gray Spaces")
2. "The End of the Beginning"
3. "The Fog Horn"
4. "The Rocket"
5. "The Rocket Man"
6. "The Golden Apples of the Sun"
7. "A Sound of Thunder"
8. "The Long Rain"
9. "The Exiles"
10. "Here There Be Tygers"
11. "The Strawberry Window"
12. "The Dragon"
13. "The Gift"
14. "Frost and Fire"
15. "Uncle Einar"
16. "The Time Machine"
17. "The Sound of Summer Running"

* Tuck, Donald H. (1974). *The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy*. Chicago: Advent. p. 63. ISBN 0-911682-20-1.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

R Is for Rocket
| Dust-jacket from the first edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Ray Bradbury |
| Cover artist | Joseph Mugnaini |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Publisher | Doubleday & Company |
| Publication date | 1962 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (hardback) |
| Pages | 233 pp |
| Followed by | *S Is for Space* |


title: Renin receptor

abstract: The renin receptor also known as ATPase H(+)-transporting lysosomal accessory protein 2, or the prorenin receptor, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATP6AP2 gene.

text:
# Renin receptor

The **renin receptor** also known as **ATPase H(+)-transporting lysosomal accessory protein 2**, or the **prorenin receptor**, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *ATP6AP2* gene.

## Function

The renin receptor binds renin and prorenin. Binding of renin to this receptor induces the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.

This protein is associated with proton-translocating ATPases which have fundamental roles in energy conservation, secondary active transport, acidification of intracellular compartments, and cellular pH homeostasis. There are three classes of ATPases- F, P, and V. The vacuolar (V-type) ATPases have a transmembrane proton-conducting sector and an extramembrane catalytic sector. This protein has been found associated with the transmembrane sector of the V-type ATPases.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| ATP6AP2 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Available structures  PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | ATP6AP2, APT6M8-9, ATP6IP2, ATP6M8-9, ELDF10, M8-9, MRXE, MRXSH, MSTP009, PRR, RENR, XMRE, XPDS, HT028, ATPase H+ transporting accessory protein 2, CDG2R | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 300556; MGI: 1917745; HomoloGene: 38097; GeneCards: ATP6AP2; OMA:ATP6AP2 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_005765   NM\_027439   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_005756   NP\_081715   Location (UCSC) Chr X: 40.58 – 40.61 Mb Chr X: 12.45 – 12.48 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Charles Hooman

abstract: Charles Victor Lisle Hooman, often known as Chubby Holman, was an English amateur sportsman who played cricket for Oxford University and Kent County Cricket Club between 1907 and 1910. He won Blues for golf, rackets and cricket and later represented the Great Britain and Ireland golf team in the Walker Cup in 1922 and 1923. He served in the Royal Naval Reserve during World War I and the RAF Volunteer Reserve during World War II.

text:
# Charles Hooman

**Charles Victor Lisle Hooman** (3 October 1887 – 20 November 1969), often known as **Chubby Holman**, was an English amateur sportsman who played cricket for Oxford University and Kent County Cricket Club between 1907 and 1910. He won Blues for golf, rackets and cricket and later represented the Great Britain and Ireland golf team in the Walker Cup in 1922 and 1923. He served in the Royal Naval Reserve during World War I and the RAF Volunteer Reserve during World War II.

## Early life and education

Hooman was born at Ditton, Kent in 1887, the only son of Thomas and Louisa Hooman. His father had been a shipbroker and manufacturer of Portland cement and had played football for Wanderers, appearing in the 1872 FA Cup Final, and England. The family moved to Torquay and he was educated at Charterhouse School from 1901 where he played in the Cricket XI from 1903 to 1906, captaining the side in his final year, and won the Rackets Pairs competition at the Public Schools Championships in 1906.

He went on to Brasenose College, Oxford in 1906 to study Law. He played rackets, golf and cricket for the University winning Blues in all three. He was Captain of the university golf club in 1909 and President in 1910 and played for England against Scotland in 1910 and won the 1907 University Rackets Pairs with Geoffrey Foster.

## Sporting career

Hooman played cricket for Devon County Cricket Club in the Minor Counties Championship between 1906 and 1909 and made his first-class cricket debut in May 1907 for Oxford University Cricket Club against Worcestershire at the University Parks. He played for the University against the touring South Africans later the same season, but played no cricket in 1908 before appearing regularly in 1909 and 1910, including playing in the University Match in both seasons and topping batting averages for the University. He played for the Gentlemen again the Players in 1910 and, after completing university, for Kent County Cricket Club during remainder of the 1910 season. Kent won the County Championship for the second successive year and Hooman scored 1,070 runs in all first-class matches during the season, including 567 for Kent. He was awarded his county cap but did not play first-class cricket after the end of the 1910 season due to the pressure of his career.

He played in a total of 38 first-class matches, including 21 for the University and 15 for Kent. He played for MCC against Yorkshire at the end of the 1910 season and made his final first-class appearance for Kent in the Champion County match later the same month. Hooman was described as "really outstanding cricketer" and, in his obituary, as a "splendid batsman". He scored a total of 1,758 runs and made three first-class centuries with a high score of 117.

After giving up cricket, Hooman continued to play golf regularly. He played for the British and Ireland team in the inaugural Walker Cup in 1922 and in 1923. He also represented England in their annual match against Scotland in 1910 and 1922. He was described as a strong driver of the ball and Bernard Darwin, writing ahead of the 1922 competition considered that "when he is at his best there is no more dangerous or more brilliant player". During his 1922 Walker Cup singles match he was level with Jess Sweetser after 36 holes and the pair, with no instructions as to how to resolve the match, played an extra hole to decide the winner. Hooman won the match, but this is the only time in Walker Cup history that an extra hole has been played – drawn matches are awarded no points. He was eventually forced to stop playing golf after suffering from health issues in his legs.

## Military service

After the start of World War I Hooman volunteered for the Royal Naval Reserve in February 1915. He served on HMS *Stephen Furness*, a merchant armed boarding steamer in the auxiliary fleet employed to board ships to enforce the trade blockade of Germany, as Assistant Paymaster. In 1916 he transferred to HMS *Thalia*, an ex-troop ship being used as a shore base on the Cromarty Firth, before serving as Assistant Paymaster on the armed yacht *Eileen* operating patrols out of Bermuda until 1919 when he ended his service as acting lieutenant and was awarded the Victory Medal and British War Medal.

During World War II he volunteered for the RAF Volunteer Reserve as a Pilot Officer. He was promoted to Flight lieutenant and then Squadron leader before resigning his commission in 1944, aged 57.

## Personal life

Hooman was married three times. His first wife, Adelaide Porcelli-Cust whom he married in 1912, died in 1925 and he married again in 1930 to Evelyn Margaret Gavin (née Ryder). She died in 1947 and he married his third wife, Alice Jarrett.

Hooman died in a nursing home at Palm Beach, Florida in 1969 aged 82. The death notice for him in *The Times* refers to him as Charles Victor Lisle ("Chubby") Hooman, a nickname he had acquired at school and was used throughout his golfing career.

Charles Hooman at ESPNcricinfo

## InfoBox

Charles Hooman
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Charles Victor Lisle Hooman |
| Born | (1887-10-03)3 October 1887
Ditton, Kent, England |
| Died | 20 November 1969(1969-11-20) (aged 82)
Palm Springs, Florida, United States |
| Nickname | Chubby |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm medium |
| Relations | Thomas Hooman (father) |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1906–1909 | Devon |
| 1907–1910 | Oxford University |
| 1910 | Kent |
|  | |
| FC debut | 23 May 1907 Oxford University v Worcestershire |
| Last FC | 12 September 1910 Kent v The Rest |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class  Matches 38  Runs scored 1,758  Batting average 28.35  100s/50s 3/9  Top score 117  Balls bowled 90  Wickets 0  Bowling average   5 wickets in innings   10 wickets in match   Best bowling   Catches/stumpings 33/– | |
|  | |
| Source: CricInfo, 12 November 2017 | |


abstract: Island Records issued this compilation in 2000 as the first step in a program to re-master and re-issue the albums that Richard and Linda Thompson had cut for them. The tracks are drawn mostly from the duo's three albums for Island: I Want to See the Bright Lights Tonight, Hokey Pokey and Pour Down Like Silver, though two tracks are taken from Richard Thompson's first solo album Henry the Human Fly; there is also an alternate recording of "A Heart Needs a Home" and a live version of "The Calvary Cross" with an extended guitar solo, both of which originally appeared on the 1976 compilation album (guitar, vocal). This compilation was released in the UK under the name The End of the Rainbow: an introduction to Richard & Linda Thompson with an identical track listing and similar artwork.

text:
# The Best of Richard & Linda Thompson: The Island Records Years

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

Island Records issued this compilation in 2000 as the first step in a program to re-master and re-issue the albums that Richard and Linda Thompson had cut for them.

The tracks are drawn mostly from the duo's three albums for Island: *I Want to See the Bright Lights Tonight*, *Hokey Pokey* and *Pour Down Like Silver*, though two tracks are taken from Richard Thompson's first solo album *Henry the Human Fly*; there is also an alternate recording of "A Heart Needs a Home" and a live version of "The Calvary Cross" with an extended guitar solo, both of which originally appeared on the 1976 compilation album *(guitar, vocal)*.

This compilation was released in the UK under the name *The End of the Rainbow: an introduction to Richard & Linda Thompson* with an identical track listing and similar artwork.

## Track listing

All songs written by Richard Thompson

1. "Roll Over Vaughan Williams"
2. "The Poor Ditching Boy"
3. "When I Get to the Border"
4. "Withered and Died"
5. "I Want to See the Bright Lights Tonight"
6. "Down Where the Drunkards Roll"
7. "The End of the Rainbow"
8. "The Great Valerio"
9. "Hokey Pokey"
10. "Never Again"
11. "A Heart Needs a Home"
12. "For Shame of Doing Wrong"
13. "Night Comes In"
14. "Beat the Retreat"
15. "Dimming of the Day"
16. "The Calvary Cross"

## InfoBox

| The Best Of: The Island Records Years | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Richard and Linda Thompson | |
| Released | 2000 |
| Recorded | 1972–1975 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 77:36 |
| Label | Island |
| Producer | Bill Levenson |
| Richard and Linda Thompson chronology | |
| *Shoot Out the Lights*
(1982) ***The Best Of: The Island Records Years***
(2000) *In Concert, November 1975*
(2007) | |


title: Ranishwara

abstract: Ranishwara is a village development committee in Gorkha District in Gandaki Province of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,993 and had 580 houses in the town.

text:
# Ranishwara

**Ranishwara** is a village development committee in Gorkha District in Gandaki Province of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,993 and had 580 houses in the town.

1. "Nepal Census 2001". *Nepal's Village Development Committees*. Digital Himalaya. Retrieved 2008-08-31.

27°51′N 84°55′E / 27.850°N 84.917°E / 27.850; 84.917

## InfoBox

| Ranishwara रानीश्वरा | |
| --- | --- |
| Village development committee | |
| Country | Nepal |
| Province | Gandaki Province |
| District | Gorkha District |
| Population (1991) | |
| Total | 2,993 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:45 (Nepal Time) |


title: Dénes Berinkey

abstract: Dénes Berinkey was a Hungarian jurist and politician who served as 21st Prime Minister of Hungary in the regime of Mihály Károlyi for two months in 1919. On 20 March 1919 the French presented the Vix Note ordering Hungarian troops farther back into Hungary; it was widely assumed that the military lines would be the new frontiers. Berinkey was unwilling to accept the note, as it would have endangered the country's territorial integrity. He was in no position to reject it, however, and he along with his cabinet resigned. President Károlyi then announced that only the Social Democrats could form a new government. Unknown to Károlyi, the Social Democrats had merged with the Communists. When Károlyi turned over power to what he thought was a Social Democratic government, he was actually swearing in a Communist one. The new government promptly proclaimed the Hungarian Soviet Republic.

text:
# Dénes Berinkey

**Dénes Berinkey** (17 October 1871 – 25 June 1944) was a Hungarian jurist and politician who served as 21st Prime Minister of Hungary in the regime of Mihály Károlyi for two months in 1919.

On 20 March 1919 the French presented the Vix Note ordering Hungarian troops farther back into Hungary; it was widely assumed that the military lines would be the new frontiers. Berinkey was unwilling to accept the note, as it would have endangered the country's territorial integrity. He was in no position to reject it, however, and he along with his cabinet resigned.

President Károlyi then announced that only the Social Democrats could form a new government. Unknown to Károlyi, the Social Democrats had merged with the Communists. When Károlyi turned over power to what he thought was a Social Democratic government, he was actually swearing in a Communist one. The new government promptly proclaimed the Hungarian Soviet Republic.

## InfoBox

| Dénes Berinkey | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Prime Minister of Hungary | |
| **In office**
11 January 1919  21 March 1919 | |
| President | Mihály Károlyi |
| Preceded by | Mihály Károlyi |
| Succeeded by | Sándor Garbai |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1871-10-17)17 October 1871
Csúz, Austria-Hungary (now Dubnik, Slovakia) |
| Died | 25 June 1944(1944-06-25) (aged 72)
Budapest, Hungary |
| Nationality | Hungarian |
| Political party | PRP (Civil Radical Party) |
| Spouse | Erzsébet Szabó |
| Children | Béla
Dénes
Győző |
|  | |


title: Thompson Water, Carr and Common

abstract: Thompson Water, Carr and Common is a 154.7-hectare (382-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Thetford in Norfolk. Most of it is managed by the Norfolk Wildlife Trust as Thompson Common. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I, and part of the Norfolk Valley Fens Special Area of Conservation. It is crossed by the Great Eastern Pingo Trail Local Nature Reserve. This grassland site in the valley of a tributary of the River Wissey has a number of pingos, damp and water filled depressions formed by the melting of ice at the end of the last glaciation. It also has a lake called Thompson Water which, together with its surrounding reedswamp, is important for breeding birds. The site is open to the public.

text:
# Thompson Water, Carr and Common

**Thompson Water, Carr and Common** is a 154.7-hectare (382-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Thetford in Norfolk. Most of it is managed by the Norfolk Wildlife Trust as **Thompson Common**. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I, and part of the Norfolk Valley Fens Special Area of Conservation. It is crossed by the Great Eastern Pingo Trail Local Nature Reserve.

This grassland site in the valley of a tributary of the River Wissey has a number of pingos, damp and water filled depressions formed by the melting of ice at the end of the last glaciation. It also has a lake called Thompson Water which, together with its surrounding reedswamp, is important for breeding birds.

The site is open to the public.

52°30′18″N 0°50′42″E / 52.505°N 0.845°E / 52.505; 0.845

## InfoBox

Thompson Water, Carr and Common
| Site of Special Scientific Interest | |
| --- | --- |
| Thompson Water | |
| Location | Norfolk |
| Grid reference | TL 929 956 |
| Interest | Biological |
| Area | 154.7 hectares (382 acres) |
| Notification | 1988 |
| Location map | *Magic Map* |


title: Thomas W. Olcott

abstract: Thomas Worth Olcott was an American banker who served as president of the Mechanics' and Farmers' Bank of Albany, an institution he was connected with for 69 years.

text:
# Thomas W. Olcott

**Thomas Worth Olcott** (May 22, 1795 – March 23, 1880) was an American banker who served as president of the Mechanics' and Farmers' Bank of Albany, an institution he was connected with for 69 years.

## Early life

Olcott was born on May 22, 1795, in Hudson, New York. He was the eldest child of Josiah Olcott (1760–1860) and Deborah (née Worth) Olcott (1773–1846). His father was born in Stratford, Connecticut and his mother was born in Nantucket. Among his siblings were younger brothers Theodore Olcott and Horatio Josiah Olcott, president of the Cherry Valley Bank. Among his extended family was uncle Gorham A. Worth, president of City National Bank from 1844 and 1856.

He was educated in the schools in Hudson before beginning his career as a clerk in the Columbia Bank of Hudson.

## Career

After two years as a clerk in the Columbia Bank of Hudson, he was given a clerkship in the Mechanics' and Farmers' Bank of Albany when it was formed on July 29, 1811, as the third bank incorporated in Albany, New York. In 1817 he became cashier, and in June 1836, he was made fifth president of the bank. In 1855, the Mechanics' and Farmers' Savings Bank was incorporated with Olcott as the first president. While at the bank, he helped the Erie Canal by furnishing $100,000 for its use. Upon his death, he was succeeded as president by his son Dudley.

Olcott also served as president of the Albany and West Stockbridge Railroad Co. (which later merged into the Boston and Albany Railroad), and was a trustee of the Sinking Fund Commission which was appointed to settle the bonds issued by the city of Albany to fund the construction of the railroad.

### Political career

In early life, and up to 1860, Olcott was a Democrat and member of the Albany Regency instituted by Martin Van Buren. After 1860 and for the remainder of his life he was a Republican. He ran for Congress once but was defeated.

In 1863, while Abraham Lincoln was president, Secretary of the Treasury Salmon Chase offered him the position as the first Controller of the Currency which he declined. He also refused the nomination for New York State Controller, which his youngest son held from 1877 to 1879.

### Philanthropy

In 1851, he became vice-president of the first board of directors of Albany Law School, the fourth school of its kind organized in the United States. In 1855, he was elected president of the board and continued in that role until his death in 1880. He served as president of the first board of directors of Dudley Observatory, a scientific institution named after Charles E. Dudley that was funded by his widow, Blandina Bleecker Dudley, and to which Olcott and his sons donated the Olcott Meridian Circle. He was also president of the Albany Agricultural and Arts Association, president of Albany Hospital, trustee and president of Albany Academy for Girls, trustee of The Albany Academy, and president of Albany Cemetery Association.

## Personal life

On August 17, 1818, Olcott was married to Caroline Dwight Pepoon (1797–1867), the daughter of Elizabeth (née James) Pepoon and Daniel Pepoon of Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Together, they had a well known mansion on Ten Broeck Street in Albany and were the parents of eleven children, including:

* Thomas Worth Olcott Jr. (1821–1873), who married Lucia Marvin Fowler in 1844. After her death in 1850, he married Harriet M. Leonard in 1853. After her death in 1861, he married Emeline McClure (1839–1909) in 1863.
* John Josiah Olcott (1823–1899), who died unmarried.
* Robert Olcott (1824–1859), who died unmarried.
* Mary Marvin Olcott (1826–1892), who died unmarried.
* Theodore Olcott (1828–1907), who married Ann Hazleton Maynard in 1856.
* Alexander Olcott (1829–1887), who married Catherine Amanda Mallory in 1856.
* Dudley Olcott (1838–1919), who also served as president of the Mechanics' and Farmers' Bank of Albany but did not marry.
* Frederic Pepoon Olcott (1841–1909), who married Mary Esmay, a daughter of Isaac Esmay.

Olcott's wife died on March 12, 1867. He died on March 23, 1880, in Albany and was buried in the Albany Rural Cemetery in Menands, New York.

### Descendants and legacy

Through his eldest son Thomas, he was a grandfather of Thomas Worth Olcott III (1856–1938), who served as Secretary and Treasurer of Union Railway Co.

In 1856, he had a large home constructed in the Italianate style for himself and his family. During the 1860s, the residence was extensively remodeled by Robert L. Johnson, its second owner. Samuel Tilden became the first governor to reside in the house when he rented it in 1875, and the state purchased it two years later. Today, his Albany home is known as the New York State Executive Mansion and is the official residence of the governor of New York.

Notes Sources  1. Foley, Janet Wethy (1934). *Early Settlers of New York State: Their Ancestors and Descendants, Volu: Their Ancestors and Descendants, Volumes I-VI (PART II - iv-vi)*. Heritage Books. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-7884-3712-0. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
2. Reynolds, Cuyler (1911). *Hudson-Mohawk Genealogical and Family Memoirs, Vol. I*. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company. pp. 133–137. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
3. Bergen, Tunis Garret (1915). *Genealogies of the State of New York: A Record of the Achievements of Her People in the Making of a Commonwealth and the Founding of a Nation*. Lewis Historical Publishing Company. p. 115. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
4. "A VETERAN BANKER DEAD". *The New York Times*. 24 March 1880. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
5. Rathbone, Albert (1937). *Josiah Olcott and Deborah Worth, His Wife: A Record of Their Descendants and Notes Regarding Their Ancestors*. Press of B.H. Tyrrel. pp. 39–40. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
6. "Dudley Olcott, Albany Banker". *The New York Times*. 29 December 1919. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
7. "FREDERIC P. OLCOTT, FINANCIER, IS DEAD. He Was ex-President of the Central Trust Company and Once Controller of the State DEATH FOLLOWS A SHOCK He Reorganized Many Tottering Railroads--Flowers and Fast Trotters His Hobbies--Died on His Farm" (PDF). *The New York Times*. April 16, 1909. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
8. Rathbone, Albert (1940). *Captain Daniel Pepoon and Levina Phelps, His First Wife; Elizabeth James, His Second Wife: A Partial Record of Their Descendants and Notes Regarding Their Ancestors*. Press of B.H. Tyrrel. p. 89. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
9. TIMES, Special to THE NEW YORK (20 July 1938). "THOMAS OLCOTT, 82, STREET CAR OFFICIAL; Ex-Secretary and Treasurer of Union Railway Co. Dies". *The New York Times*. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
10. "Isaac G. Perry Archives". *Lost New England*. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
11. "The New York State Executive Mansion". *Empire State Plaza & New York State Capitol*. Retrieved 2021-08-10.

## InfoBox

| Thomas W. Olcott | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| President of the Mechanics' and Farmers' Bank of Albany | |
| **In office**
1836–1880 | |
| Preceded by | Ezra Ames |
| Succeeded by | Dudley Olcott |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Thomas Worth Olcott
(1795-05-22)May 22, 1795
Hudson, New York |
| Died | March 23, 1880(1880-03-23) (aged 84)
Albany, New York |
| Spouse | Caroline Dwight Pepoon
(m. 1818; died 1867) |
| Relations | Gorham A. Worth (uncle) |
| Children | 11, including Frederic |
| Parent(s) | Josiah Olcott
Deborah Worth Olcott |
|  | |


title: Thomas W. Olson

abstract: Thomas W. Olson is an American children's playwright and lyricist who adapted L. Frank Baum's The Marvelous Land of Oz, Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, and Stephen Crane's The Red Badge of Courage presented by the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Washington. From 1978 to 1990, he was playwright in residence for the Children's Theatre Company (CTC) of Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he also collaborated as an actor in the resident ensemble, stage manager, promotions director, stage director, and literary manager/dramaturg. Most of his plays are literary adaptations, but he also wrote original works, including a piece about The Troubles in Northern Ireland, The Troubles: Children of Belfast (1987). Leaving the staff in 1990 to pursue a freelance career, Olson was literary manager/dramaturg for the Jungle Theater in Minneapolis (1996-98), and managing director for Bloomington Civic Theater in Bloomington, Minnesota. Olson has written, directed and performed in "industrial" scripts for organizations, including the American Center for Photography, Business Incentives, Hendlin Visual Communications, Jack Morton Productions, Video Buddy and Minnesota Academic Excellence Foundation. He wrote eight half-hour radio plays dealing with contemporary urban Native Americans, The Cloud Family Collection, for MIGIZI Communications, with Laura Waterman Wittstock. Olson has received awards and recognition from the American Theatre Critics Association, Twin Cities Drama Critics Circle and Minnesota State Arts Board (1990). Olson has worked as a consultant to social sector organizations through Stern Consulting International.

text:
# Thomas W. Olson

**Thomas W. Olson** is an American children's playwright and lyricist who adapted L. Frank Baum's *The Marvelous Land of Oz*, Mary Shelley's *Frankenstein* (both of which aired on national television and cable), and Stephen Crane's *The Red Badge of Courage* presented by the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Washington.

From 1978 to 1990, he was playwright in residence for the Children's Theatre Company (CTC) of Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he also collaborated as an actor in the resident ensemble, stage manager, promotions director, stage director, and literary manager/dramaturg. Most of his plays are literary adaptations, but he also wrote original works, including a piece about The Troubles in Northern Ireland, *The Troubles: Children of Belfast* (1987). Leaving the staff in 1990 to pursue a freelance career, Olson was literary manager/dramaturg for the Jungle Theater in Minneapolis (1996-98), and managing director for Bloomington Civic Theater (now Artistry) in Bloomington, Minnesota.

Olson has written, directed and performed in "industrial" scripts for organizations, including the American Center for Photography, Business Incentives, Hendlin Visual Communications, Jack Morton Productions, Video Buddy and Minnesota Academic Excellence Foundation.

He wrote eight half-hour radio plays dealing with contemporary urban Native Americans, *The Cloud Family Collection*, for MIGIZI Communications, with Laura Waterman Wittstock.

Olson has received awards and recognition from the American Theatre Critics Association (Margo Jones Award 1984 with CTC), Twin Cities Drama Critics Circle (1981-83 Kudos Awards as Outstanding Playwright, Outstanding Productions) and Minnesota State Arts Board (1990).

Olson has worked as a consultant to social sector organizations through Stern Consulting International.

## Plays

Works commissioned and produced by Children's Theatre Company, Minneapolis:

* *The Pied Piper of Hamelin* (1978) based on the poem by Robert Browning. Directed by Myron Johnson.
* *Hansel and Gretel* (1978) based on the folktale by the Brothers Grimm. Directed by Gene Davis Buck.
* *The Sleeping Beauty* (1979) based on the folktale by Charles Perrault with additional material by John Donahue. Directed by John Clark Donahue.
* *The Story of Babar, the Little Elephant* (1980) based on the book by Jean de Brunhoff. Directed by John Clark Donahue.
* *The Clown of God* (1981) based on the story by Tomie dePaola. Music by Steven M. Rydberg, lyrics by Olson. Directed by John Clark Donahue.
* *The Marvelous Land of Oz* (1981) based on the novel by L. Frank Baum. Directed by John Clark Donahue.
* *Pippi Longstocking* (1982) based on the novel and Swedish stage play by Astrid Lindgren, with Truda Stockenstrom. Music by Roberta Carlson, lyrics by Carlson and Olson. Directed by Myron Johnson.
* *Mr. Pickwick's Christmas* (1982) based on chapters from the novel by Charles Dickens. Directed by John Clark Donahue.
* *Phantom of the Opera* (1982) based on the novel by Gaston Leroux, with George Muschamp. Directed by John Clark Donahue.
* *The Secret Garden* (1983) based on the novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett. Directed by John Clark Donahue.
* *Adventures of Babar* (1983) original work based on the characters created by Jean de Brunhoff and Laurent de Brunhoff. Directed by Myron Johnson.
* *Frankenstein* (1984) based on the novel by Mary Shelley. Directed by John Clark Donahue.
* *Kate McGrew and The Mystery of the Tattered Trunk* (1985), original work based on a story idea by Wendy Lehr. With Lehr and Richard Russell Ramos. Directed by Richard Russell Ramos.
* *Penrod, the Worst Boy in Town* (1985) based on the book by Booth Tarkington. Music by Anita Ruth, lyrics by Olson and Ruth. Directed by Jon Cranney.
* *The Adventures of Mottel, the Cantor's Son* (1986) based on the novel by Sholom Aleichem, with Judith Luck Sher. Directed by Jon Cranney.
* *Beatrix Potter's Christmas* (1986), original work based on the life and works of Beatrix Potter. Directed by Myron Johnson.
* *Dracula* (1987) based on the novel by Bram Stoker. Directed by Jon Cranney.
* *Merry Christmas, Strega Nona* (1987) based on the Strega Nona story by Tomie dePaola. Music by Alan Shorter, lyrics by Olson and Shorter. Directed by Jon Cranney and Tomie de Paola.
* *The Troubles: Children of Belfast*(1987) original work. Music by Alan Shorter, lyrics by Olson and Shorter.
* *The Velveteen Rabbit* (1988) based on the story by Margery Williams. Directed by Myron Johnson.
* *Sherlock Holmes and the Baker Street Irregulars* (1989) original work based on the characters created by Conan Doyle. Directed by Alan Shorter.
* *The Hobbit* (1990) based on the novel by J.R.R. Tolkien. Directed by Jon Cranney.
* *The Jungle Book* (1992) based on the story collection by Rudyard Kipling. Directed by Wendy Lehr.
* *The Wonderful Wizard of Oz* (1993) based on the novel by L. Frank Baum. Directed by Gary Gisselman.
* *The Wind in the Willows* (1995) based on the novel by Kenneth Grahame. Music by Roberta Carlson, lyrics by Carlson and Olson. Directed by Gary Gisselman.
* *Linnea in Monet's Garden* (1996) based on the book by Christina Bjork and Lena Andersen. Directed by Wendy Lehr.
* *The Prince and the Pauper* (1997) based on the novel by Mark Twain. Directed by Marti Maraden.
* *Tomie de Paola's Strega Nona* (1997) based on the story by Tomie de Paola. Lyrics by Roberta Carlson and Olson. Directed by Wendy Lehr.

Works commissioned and presented by Arkansas Arts Center, Little Rock:

* *Lord of the Flies* (1988) based on the novel by William Golding.
* *The Red Badge of Courage* (1991) based on the novel by Stephen Crane.
* *The Witch of Blackbird Pond* (1992) based on the novel by Elizabeth George Speare.
* *Heidi* (1993) based on the novel by Johanna Spyri.
* *Aesop's Fables* (1994) based on the stories by Aesop.
* *A Little Princess* (1995) based on the novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett.
* *The Wind in the Willows* (1996) based on the novel by Kenneth Grahame.
* *A Glory Over Everything - a tale of Harriet Tubman* (1997) based on the life of Harriet Tubman.

Works commissioned and presented by other U.S. theater companies:

* *The Secret Garden* (1988) based on the novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett. Commissioned and presented by Alliance Theater Company, Atlanta.
* *Through the Wheat* (1991) based on the novel by Thomas Alexander Boyd. Commissioned and presented by Great American History Theater, St. Paul.
* *Hans Brinker and the Silver Skates* (1992) based on the novel by Mary Mapes Dodge. Commissioned and presented by First Stage Milwaukee, Milwaukee.


title: Dyniska

abstract: Dyniska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ulhówek, within Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Ulhówek, 22 km (14 mi) east of Tomaszów Lubelski, and 123 km (76 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin. The village is located in the historical region Galicia.

text:
# Dyniska

**Dyniska** \[dɨˈniska\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ulhówek, within Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Ulhówek, 22 km (14 mi) east of Tomaszów Lubelski, and 123 km (76 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin. The village is located in the historical region Galicia.

## InfoBox

| Dyniska | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Dyniska | |
| Coordinates: 50°25′1″N 23°42′37″E / 50.41694°N 23.71028°E / 50.41694; 23.71028 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Tomaszów Lubelski |
| Gmina | Ulhówek |
| Population | 270 |
| Website | http://www.dyniska.cba.pl |


title: Thomas Lemke (sociologist)

abstract: Thomas Lemke is a German sociologist and social theorist. He is best known for his work on Governmentality, Biopolitics and his readings of Michel Foucault. He is a Professor of Sociology with specialization in Biotechnologies, Nature and Society at the Faculty of Social Sciences at Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

text:
# Thomas Lemke (sociologist)

**Thomas Lemke** (born 24 September 1963 in Bad Lauterberg) is a German sociologist and social theorist. He is best known for his work on Governmentality, Biopolitics and his readings of Michel Foucault. He is a Professor of Sociology with specialization in Biotechnologies, Nature and Society at the Faculty of Social Sciences at Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

## Biography

Thomas Lemke studied political sciences and sociology at the Goethe University Frankfurt, the University of Southampton and the Pantheon-Sorbonne University. In 1996 he received a PhD with a thesis on Michel Foucault under supervision of Joachim Hirsch and Alex Demirovic. In 2008, Lemke was appointed full professor at the Institute of Sociology at Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany. Prior to this, he held positions at the Copenhagen Business School, and the University of Wuppertal. Furthermore, he was a research fellow at the New York University with Emily Martin and at Goldsmith College with Nikolas Rose.

## Work

Thomas Lemke has published extensively on the social implications of the life sciences and contributed to the theoretical advancement of social theory and the social studies of biotechnology. He is especially recognized for his readings of Foucault and theoretical contributions to the debates on governmentality and biopolitics. In his book *Biopolitics: An Advanced Introduction* he offers a systematic overview of the history of the notion of biopolitics. Michael Hardt, co-author of *Empire* says about the book "Thomas Lemke traces with beautiful clarity the genealogy of the concept of biopolitics. \[...\] This is essential reading for anyone interested in the current debates surrounding biopolitics". He has published and edited more than 15 books and his works have been translated into Danish, Dutch, English, Korean, Polish, Portuguese and Turkish. Furthermore, he has published articles in German, French, and English in leading international journals such as Critical Social Studies, Distinktion, New Genetics and Society, Sociology, and Theory, Culture & Society. His work has been frequently cited in scholarly and public debates and he regularly contributes to the intellectual discourse in Germany in major newspapers and on national radio and television.

## Awards and recognition

In 2008, Lemke was awarded a Heisenberg Professorship by the German Research Foundation, one of the most prestigious grants in Germany.

In 2014, Lemke was awarded an opus magnum fellowship by the Volkswagen Foundation for his book project "The Government of Things. Foundations and Perspectives of New Materialism".

In 2018, he received a prestigious ERC Advanced Grant awarded by the European Research Council for his project CRYOSOCIETIES.

## Publications (selection)

### Monographs

* Lemke, T. (2013). Perspectives on Genetic Discrimination. New York, NY: Routledge.
* Lemke, T. (2012). Foucault, Governmentality, and Critique. Bolder, CO: Paradigm Publishers.
* Lemke, T. (2011). Biopolitics: An Advanced Introduction. New York, NY: New York University Press
* Lemke, T. (1991). Eine Kritik der politischen Vernunft – Foucaults Analyse der modernen Gouvernementalität*. Hamburg/Berlin: Argument Verlag, 5th Edition 2011. ISBN 978-3886192519.*

### Edited volumes

* Heinemann, T., I. Helén, L. Lemke, U. Naue, and M. Weiss (2015). Suspect Families: DNA Analysis, Family Reunification and Immigration Policies. Farnham and Burlington, VT: Ashgate
* Bröckling, U., S. Krasmann, and T. Lemke (2011). Governmentality: Current Issues and Future Challenges. New York, NY: Routledge.

### Journal articles

## InfoBox

| Thomas Lemke | |
| --- | --- |
| Lemke in 2019 | |
| Born | (1963-09-24) 24 September 1963<br>Bad Lauterberg, Lower Saxony, Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Citizenship | German |
| Alma mater | Goethe University Frankfurt |
| Known for | Governmentality, Biopolitics, Biopower |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Sociology, Social Theory |
| Institutions | Goethe University Frankfurt, University of Wuppertal, New York University, Copenhagen Business School |
| Thesis | *Eine Kritik der politischen Vernunft* |
| Doctoral advisor | Joachim Hirsch, Alex Demirovic |
|  | |


title: Cha Cha (soundtrack)

abstract: Cha Cha is the soundtrack to the 1979 Dutch film Cha Cha, written by Herman Brood and directed by Herbert Curiel. It features songs by Herman Brood and his band The Wild Romance, Nina Hagen, Lene Lovich, Les Chappell, and others. Upon its release, the soundtrack received positive reviews and was a commercial success in Netherlands where it peaked at number twenty-eight and was certified platinum by NVPI. The single "Never Be Clever" by Herman Brood & His Wild Romance was also successful in Dutch charts peaking at number ten.

text:
# Cha Cha (soundtrack)

***Cha Cha*** is the soundtrack to the 1979 Dutch film *Cha Cha*, written by Herman Brood and directed by Herbert Curiel. It features songs by Herman Brood and his band The Wild Romance, Nina Hagen, Lene Lovich, Les Chappell, and others.

Upon its release, the soundtrack received positive reviews and was a commercial success in Netherlands where it peaked at number twenty-eight and was certified platinum by NVPI. The single "Never Be Clever" by Herman Brood & His Wild Romance was also successful in Dutch charts peaking at number ten.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Love You Like I Love Myself" | 3:01 |
| 2. | "Home" | 3:42 |
| 3. | "Pick Up" | 2:53 |
| 4. | "Sweet Memories" | 2:44 |
| 5. | "Take It All In" | 3:18 |
| 6. | "Fit" | 2:12 |
| 7. | "Herman's Door" | 3:09 |
| 8. | "Two Together" | 2:02 |
| 9. | "Blues" | 1:50 |
| 10. | "Doin' It" | 3:04 |
| 11. | "It's You (Smersz)" | 4:41 |
| 12. | "Beat" | 2:43 |
| 13. | "(No More) Conversation" | 2:20 |
| 14. | "Bop" | 1:33 |
| 15. | "Herman ist High" | 2:57 |
| 16. | "Jilted" | 2:22 |
| 17. | "Don't Wanna Loose" | 3:43 |
| 18. | "(For Elvis) Never Be Clever" | 4:01 |
| 19. | "Blues" | 1:03 |

## Charts

| Chart (1979) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 28 |
|

## Certifications and sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Netherlands (NVPI) | Platinum | 100,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| Cha Cha | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Soundtrack album by Herman Brood, Nina Hagen and Lene Lovich | |
| Released | 1979 (1979) |
| Genre |  |
| Label |  |


title: Silaberia

abstract: Silaberia is a village in Khejuri II CD block in Contai subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India.

text:
# Silaberia

**Silaberia** (also spelled as Sillaberya, Shilla Berya) is a village in Khejuri II CD block in Contai subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India.

## Geography

8km
5milesWes t  BengalOdi s haBay   of Bengal JukhiaH DariapurR DihibahiriH Petuaghat
Fishing HarbourS JunputS MandarmaniS Tajpur PortS
ShankarpurS New DighaS KharipukuriaR SilaberiaR DepalR DurmutR BaratalaR DholmariR Bara BankuyaR JankaR KamardaR KhejuriR MajnaR BhupatinagarR MarishdaR RamnagarR DighaR KhadalgobraCT  BasantiaCT  ContaiM**Cities and towns in Contai subdivision of Purba Medinipur district**
M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious site, S: port, sea-beach
Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly

### Location

Silaberia is located at 21°50′19″N 87°54′05″E / 21.8385°N 87.9015°E / 21.8385; 87.9015 .

### Urbanisation

93.55% of the population of Contai subdivision live in the rural areas. Only 6.45% of the population live in the urban areas and it is considerably behind Haldia subdivision in urbanization, where 20.81% of the population live in urban areas.

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Demographics

As per 2011 Census of India Shilla Berya had a total population of 1,183 of which 604 (51%) were males and 579 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 153. The total number of literates in Shilla Berya was 867 (84.17% of the population over 6 years).

## Transport

Silaberia is on the Shyampur-Gopichak Road.

## Healthcare

Silaberia Rural Hospital at Silaberia (with 30 beds) is the main medical facility in Khejuri II CD block. There is a primary health centre at Janka (with 10 beds).

## InfoBox

| Silaberia Sillaberya, Shillya Beria | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| SilaberiaLocation in West Bengal, IndiaSilaberiaSilaberia (India) | |
| Coordinates: 21°50′19″N 87°54′05″E / 21.8385°N 87.9015°E / 21.8385; 87.9015 | |
| Country | India |
| State | West Bengal |
| District | Purba Medinipur |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 1,183 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Bengali, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 721431 (Sillaberya) |
| Telephone/STD code | 03228 |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Kanthi |
| Vidhan Sabha constituency | Khejuri |
| Website | purbamedinipur.gov.in |