abstract: The women's 200 metre individual medley event at the 2000 Summer Olympics took place on 18–19 September at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre in Sydney, Australia. Yana Klochkova, Ukraine's swimming pride and three-time European champion, became the fourth swimmer in Olympic history to strike a medley double, since Claudia Kolb did so in 1968, Tracy Caulkins in 1984, and Michelle Smith in 1996. Leading from start to finish, she established a sterling time of 2:10.68 to cut off Lin Li's eight-year Olympic record by a comfortable margin of 0.95 seconds. Romania's Beatrice Câșlaru, who shared the European title with Klochkova in the event, raced to silver with a national record of 2:12.57 on the rear of a dominant breaststroke leg. Meanwhile, U.S. swimmer Cristina Teuscher took home the bronze in 2:13.32 to touch out Canada's Marianne Limpert (2:13.44) by 12-hundredths of a second. Limpert was followed in fifth by her teammate Joanne Malar (2:13.70) and in sixth by Russia's Oxana Verevka (2:13.88). Previously competed for Brazil in Atlanta four years earlier, Gabrielle Rose finished seventh in 2:14.82, while Japan's Tomoko Hagiwara rounded out the field with an eighth-place time of 2:15.64. Notable swimmers missed out the top 8 final, featuring China's Chen Yan, who recorded the second fastest time ever in the event's history but faded badly to place ninth (2:15.27); and Australia's home favorite Elli Overton, who finished her semifinal run with an eleventh-place effort (2:15.74).

text:
# Swimming at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's 200 metre individual medley

The **women's 200 metre individual medley** event at the 2000 Summer Olympics took place on 18–19 September at the Sydney International Aquatic Centre in Sydney, Australia.

Yana Klochkova, Ukraine's swimming pride and three-time European champion, became the fourth swimmer in Olympic history to strike a medley double, since Claudia Kolb did so in 1968, Tracy Caulkins in 1984, and Michelle Smith in 1996. Leading from start to finish, she established a sterling time of 2:10.68 to cut off Lin Li's eight-year Olympic record by a comfortable margin of 0.95 seconds. Romania's Beatrice Câșlaru, who shared the European title with Klochkova in the event, raced to silver with a national record of 2:12.57 on the rear of a dominant breaststroke leg. Meanwhile, U.S. swimmer Cristina Teuscher took home the bronze in 2:13.32 to touch out Canada's Marianne Limpert (2:13.44) by 12-hundredths of a second.

Limpert was followed in fifth by her teammate Joanne Malar (2:13.70) and in sixth by Russia's Oxana Verevka (2:13.88). Previously competed for Brazil in Atlanta four years earlier, Gabrielle Rose finished seventh in 2:14.82, while Japan's Tomoko Hagiwara rounded out the field with an eighth-place time of 2:15.64.

Notable swimmers missed out the top 8 final, featuring China's Chen Yan, who recorded the second fastest time ever in the event's history but faded badly to place ninth (2:15.27); and Australia's home favorite Elli Overton, who finished her semifinal run with an eleventh-place effort (2:15.74).

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.

| **World record** | Wu Yanyan (CHN) | **2:09.72** | Shanghai, China | 17 October 1997 |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Olympic record** | Lin Li (CHN) | **2:11.65** | Barcelona, Spain | 30 July 1992 |  |

The following new world and Olympic records were set during this competition.

| Date | Event | Name | Nationality | Time | Record |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19 September | Final | Yana Klochkova | Ukraine | 2:10.68 | **OR** |

## Results

### Heats

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 3 | 7 | Oxana Verevka | Russia | 2:13.48 | Q, **NR** |
| 2 | 4 | 4 | Beatrice Câșlaru | Romania | 2:13.72 | Q |
| 3 | 5 | 4 | Yana Klochkova | Ukraine | 2:13.83 | Q |
| 4 | 4 | 5 | Joanne Malar | Canada | 2:13.92 | Q |
| 5 | 5 | 5 | Cristina Teuscher | United States | 2:14.17 | Q |
| 6 | 4 | 3 | Marianne Limpert | Canada | 2:15.07 | Q |
| 7 | 3 | 4 | Tomoko Hagiwara | Japan | 2:15.16 | Q |
| 8 | 3 | 6 | Gabrielle Rose | United States | 2:15.55 | Q |
| 9 | 5 | 2 | Chen Yan | China | 2:16.01 | Q |
| 10 | 5 | 1 | Federica Biscia | Italy | 2:16.09 | Q, **NR** |
| 11 | 4 | 6 | Sue Rolph | Great Britain | 2:16.43 | Q |
| 12 | 4 | 8 | Yseult Gervy | Belgium | 2:16.51 | Q |
| 13 | 4 | 2 | Zhan Shu | China | 2:16.63 | Q |
| 14 | 5 | 3 | Elli Overton | Australia | 2:16.76 | Q |
| 15 | 3 | 3 | Nicole Hetzer | Germany | 2:16.98 | Q |
| 16 | 5 | 6 | Sabine Herbst | Germany | 2:17.18 | Q |
| 17 | 2 | 3 | Hana Černá | Czech Republic | 2:17.58 | **NR** |
| 18 | 3 | 8 | Kirsty Coventry | Zimbabwe | 2:17.73 | **AF** |
| 19 | 2 | 5 | Alenka Kejžar | Slovenia | 2:18.33 | **NR** |
| 20 | 3 | 1 | Helen Norfolk | New Zealand | 2:18.90 |  |
| 21 | 5 | 8 | Vered Borochovski | Israel | 2:18.99 |  |
| 22 | 2 | 4 | Carolyn Adel | Suriname | 2:19.17 |  |
| 23 | 4 | 1 | Joscelin Yeo | Singapore | 2:19.18 |  |
| 24 | 5 | 7 | Kathryn Evans | Great Britain | 2:19.41 |  |
| 25 | 4 | 7 | Anna Windsor | Australia | 2:19.44 |  |
| 26 | 3 | 2 | Yasuko Tajima | Japan | 2:21.65 |  |
| 27 | 2 | 2 | Nam Yoo-sun | South Korea | 2:22.53 |  |
| 28 | 1 | 3 | Marina Mulyayeva | Kazakhstan | 2:22.72 |  |
| 29 | 2 | 1 | María Virginia Garrone | Argentina | 2:22.98 |  |
| 30 | 2 | 6 | Aikaterini Sarakatsani | Greece | 2:23.05 |  |
| 31 | 2 | 8 | Sia Wai Yen | Malaysia | 2:23.31 |  |
| 32 | 1 | 5 | Alexandra Zertsalova | Kyrgyzstan | 2:24.09 |  |
| 33 | 2 | 7 | Smiljana Marinović | Croatia | 2:25.24 |  |
| 34 | 3 | 5 | Diana Mocanu | Romania | 2:29.58 |  |
| 35 | 1 | 4 | Meritxell Sabate | Andorra | 2:30.41 |  |
| 36 | 1 | 6 | Fernanda Cuadra | Nicaragua | 2:38.25 |  |

### Semifinals

#### Semifinal 1

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Beatrice Câșlaru | Romania | 2:13.31 | Q |
| 2 | 5 | Joanne Malar | Canada | 2:13.59 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | Marianne Limpert | Canada | 2:13.90 | Q |
| 4 | 6 | Gabrielle Rose | United States | 2:14.40 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | Federica Biscia | Italy | 2:15.71 | **NR** |
| 6 | 1 | Elli Overton | Australia | 2:15.74 |  |
| 7 | 7 | Yseult Gervy | Belgium | 2:17.19 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Sabine Herbst | Germany | 2:17.51 |  |

#### Semifinal 2

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 5 | Yana Klochkova | Ukraine | 2:13.08 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | Cristina Teuscher | United States | 2:13.47 | Q |
| 3 | 4 | Oxana Verevka | Russia | 2:14.04 | Q |
| 4 | 6 | Tomoko Hagiwara | Japan | 2:15.09 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | Chen Yan | China | 2:15.27 |  |
| 6 | 7 | Sue Rolph | Great Britain | 2:15.98 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Zhan Shu | China | 2:16.58 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Nicole Hetzer | Germany | 2:18.08 |  |

### Final

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 4 | Yana Klochkova | Ukraine | 2:10.68 | **OR**, **ER** |
|  | 5 | Beatrice Câșlaru | Romania | 2:12.57 | **NR** |
|  | 3 | Cristina Teuscher | United States | 2:13.32 |  |
| 4 | 2 | Marianne Limpert | Canada | 2:13.44 |  |
| 5 | 6 | Joanne Malar | Canada | 2:13.70 |  |
| 6 | 7 | Oxana Verevka | Russia | 2:13.88 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Gabrielle Rose | United States | 2:14.82 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Tomoko Hagiwara | Japan | 2:15.64 |  |

## InfoBox

| Women's 200 metre individual medley
at the Games of the XXVII Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Sydney International Aquatic Centre |
| Date | September 18, 2000 (heats &
semifinals)
September 19, 2000 (final) |
| Competitors | 36 from 28 nations |
| Winning time | 2:10.68 **OR** |
| Medalists | |
| Yana Klochkova  Ukraine  Beatrice Câșlaru  Romania  Cristina Teuscher  United States | |
|


title: Susan L. Graham

abstract: Susan Lois Graham is an American computer scientist. Graham is the Pehong Chen Distinguished Professor Emerita in the Computer Science Division of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at the University of California, Berkeley.

text:
# Susan L. Graham

**Susan Lois Graham** (born September 16, 1942) is an American computer scientist. Graham is the Pehong Chen Distinguished Professor Emerita in the Computer Science Division of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at the University of California, Berkeley.

## Education and professional career

Born in Cleveland, Graham received her A.B. in mathematics from Harvard in 1964. She did her graduate work in computer science at Stanford, receiving her M.S. in 1966 and her Ph.D. in 1971 under the supervision of David Gries. In 1971 she joined the faculty of the University of California, Berkeley, rising from assistant professor (1971–1976), through associate professor (1976–1981) to full professor from 1981 onwards.

Graham's research projects include:

Graham was the founding editor of the ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems. Graham has published dozens of research articles and has lectured and published extensively on subjects in computer languages, compilers and programming environments.

She is a member of the United States President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. Among other activities, she chaired the Panel on Open Source Software for High End Computing.

Graham has long been involved with Harvard, culminating with her joining the Harvard Corporation in 2011.

## Honors and awards

She was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1993 for contributions to the theory and practice of compiler construction and for leadership in the computer science community.

In 1994 she was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery. She is also a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

In 2004, her paper on Gprof appeared on the list of the 50 most influential PLDI papers of all time as one of four papers of 1982 year.

In 2009, she was awarded the IEEE John von Neumann Medal for "contributions to programming language design and implementation and for exemplary service to the discipline of computer science".

On Sept. 29, 2011 it was announced that she had been chosen to receive the ACM-IEEE-CS Ken Kennedy Award on November 15, 2011 in Seattle at SC11, the international conference on high-performance computing.

Graham is featured in the Notable Women in Computing cards.

## Personal life

Graham is married to professor emeritus Michael A. Harrison of UC Berkeley.

## InfoBox

| Susan L. Graham | |
| --- | --- |
| Graham in 2012 | |
| Born | Susan Lois Graham
(1942-09-16) September 16, 1942
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. |
| Alma mater | A.B. Harvard
M.S., Ph.D. Stanford |
| Awards |  |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Computer science |
| Institutions | University of California, Berkeley |
| Thesis | *Precedence Languages and Bounded Right Context Languages*  (1971) |
| Doctoral advisor | David Gries |
| Other academic advisors | Niklaus Wirth |
| Doctoral students | David F. Bacon
M. Kirk McKusick
Mark N. Wegman |
|  | |
| Website | www.cs.berkeley.edu/~graham |


title: Cumulus Networks

abstract: Cumulus Networks was a computer software company headquartered in Mountain View, California, US. The company designed and sold a Linux operating system for industry standard network switches, along with management software, for large datacenter, cloud computing, and enterprise environments. In May 2020, American semiconductor manufacturer Nvidia announced it was acquiring Cumulus. Post acquisition the company was absorbed into Nvidia's networking business unit, along with Mellanox. Nvidia still offers Cumulus Linux.

text:
# Cumulus Networks

**Cumulus Networks** was a computer software company headquartered in Mountain View, California, US. The company designed and sold a Linux operating system for industry standard network switches, along with management software, for large datacenter, cloud computing, and enterprise environments.

In May 2020, American semiconductor manufacturer Nvidia announced it was acquiring Cumulus. Post acquisition the company was absorbed into Nvidia's networking business unit, along with Mellanox. Nvidia still offers Cumulus Linux.

## Background

Cumulus Networks was founded by JR Rivers and Nolan Leake in 2010. The company raised a first round of seed funding in 2012. Cumulus Networks emerged publicly in June 2013 after previously operating in stealth mode. The company is backed by Andreessen Horowitz, Battery Ventures, Sequoia Capital, Peter Wagner and 4 of the 5 original VMware founders.

In 2014 Dell began offering the option of the Cumulus Linux network OS on Dell's switches.

In 2015, Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) began offering the option of Cumulus Linux on HPE's switches.

In 2016, Mellanox began offering Cumulus Linux on their Spectrum switches.

In 2018, Lenovo began offering Cumulus Linux on their ThinkSystem Rackswitch line of switches.

On June 20, 2019, the company announced the departure of co-founder JR Rivers, who had been the original CEO and, since March 2016, the CTO. According to the company's website, neither Rivers nor Leake remain on the Board of Directors.

In January 2020, Hewlett Packard announced a partnership with Cumulus to include Cumulus' Linux NetQ software on HPE's network storage products.

In May 2020, Nvidia Corporation announced plans to acquire Cumulus Networks for an undisclosed amount.

## Products

### Cumulus Linux

Cumulus Linux was their open Linux-based networking operating system for bare metal switches. It's been based on the Debian Linux distribution.

In a 2017 Gartner report Cumulus Networks was highlighted as a pioneer of open source networking for developing an open source networking operating system in a market where hardware vendors usually delivered proprietary operating systems pre-installed. According to Gartner, Cumulus Networks had worked around the lack of vendor support for open source networking by deploying bare metal switches with the Cumulus Linux operating system in large corporate networks. 32 percent of the Fortune 50 companies used the Cumulus Linux operating system in their data centers in 2017.

### NetQ

NetQ is network state validation software, used during regular operations and for post-mortem diagnostic analysis.

### Host Pack

Host Pack includes software that brings the host to the network through NetQ and FRRouting. Host Pack improves network visibility through NetQ’s end-to-end fabric validation, and helps network connectivity through FRRouting’s open source routing protocol. It enables the host to be part of the layer 3 network, while supporting layer 2 overlay networks.

## Open source projects

### Open Network Install Environment (ONIE)

In 2012 Cumulus initiated the open network install environment (ONIE) project. The Open Compute Project turned ONIE into an initiative to define an open source install environment for bare metal network switches. A network switch with a ONIE install environment gives data centers the choice of network operating system, disaggregating the networking hardware from the operating system. The Cumulus Linux operating system can be installed on all ONIE compliant switches.

## InfoBox

Cumulus Networks
|
|  |
| Company type | Subsidiary |
| Industry | Networking software, Cloud Networking |
| Founded | January 2010 (2010-01) |
| Founders | JR Rivers<br>Nolan Leake |
| Headquarters | Mountain View, California, US |
| Key people | Josh Leslie (CEO) |
| Products | Operating System for Switches |
| Parent | Nvidia |
| Website | cumulusnetworks.com |


abstract: The Mixed road race T1-2 cycling event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place on September 8 at Brands Hatch. Nineteen riders from sixteen nations competed. The race distance was 24 km. Results were not factored.

text:
# Cycling at the 2012 Summer Paralympics – Mixed road race

The **Mixed road race T1-2** cycling event at the **2012 Summer Paralympics** took place on September 8 at Brands Hatch. Nineteen riders from sixteen nations competed. The race distance was 24 km. Results were not factored.

## Results

*DNF* = Did Not Finish. *DNS* = Did Not Start. *LAP*=Lapped (8 km).

| Rank | Name | Country | Class | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | David Stone | Great Britain | T2-M | 45:17 |
|  | Giorgio Farroni | Italy | T2-M | 45:24 |
|  | David Vondracek | Czech Republic | T2-M | 48:34 |
| 4 | Gerhard Viljoen | South Africa | T2-M | 48:37 |
| 5 | Steven Peace | United States | T2-M | 49:16 |
| 6 | Helmut Winterleitner | Austria | T2-M | 50:04 |
| 7 | Carol Cooke | Australia | T2-W | 51:22 |
| 8 | Stamatios Kotzias | Greece | T2-M | 54:10 |
| 9 | Quentin Aubague | France | T1-M | 58:12 |
| 10 | Madre Carinus | South Africa | T2-W | 1:00:00 |
| 11 | Lenka Kadetova | Czech Republic | T2-W | 1:03:21 |
| 12 | Mario Alilovic | Croatia | T1-M | 1:07:44 |
| 13 | Aitor Oroza Flores | Spain | T1-M | 1:07:57 |
|  | Shelley Gautier | Canada | T1-W | *LAP* |
|  | Simona Matickova | Slovakia | T1-W | *LAP* |
|  | Nestor Ayala Ayala | Colombia | T2-M | *DNF* |
|  | Hans-Peter Durst | Germany | T2-M | *DNF* |
|  | Alan Schmidt | Denmark | T1-M | *DNF* |
|  | Marie-Eve Croteau | Canada | T2-W | *DNS* |

* "Schedule & Results - Cycling Track". LOCOG. Archived from the original on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2012.

## InfoBox

| Cycling, Mixed road race T1-2<br>at the XIV Paralympic Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Brands Hatch |
| Dates | September 68 |
| Competitors | 19 from 16 nations |
| Medalists | |
| David Stone  Great Britain  Giorgio Farroni  Italy  David Vondracek  Czech Republic | |
|


title: Cymothoe consanguis

abstract: Cymothoe consanguis, the cream glider, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Nigeria and Cameroon. Its habitat consists of forests. Adults feed on fallen fruit.

text:
# Cymothoe consanguis

***Cymothoe consanguis***, the **cream glider**, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Nigeria (the Cross River loop) and Cameroon. Its habitat consists of forests.

Adults feed on fallen fruit.

## InfoBox

| Cream glider | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| In Adalbert Seitz's *Fauna Africana* | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | *Cymothoe* |
| Species: | ***C. consanguis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cymothoe consanguis***
Aurivillius, 1896 | |
|


title: Swimming at the 2010 Asian Games

abstract: Swimming at the 2010 Asian Games was held at the Aoti Aquatics Centre in Guangzhou, China from November 13 to 18, 2010. This Aquatics discipline had 38 long course events: 19 for males and 19 for females.

text:
# Swimming at the 2010 Asian Games

**Swimming** at the **2010 Asian Games** was held at the Aoti Aquatics Centre in Guangzhou, China from November 13 to 18, 2010. This Aquatics discipline had 38 long course events: 19 for males and 19 for females.

## Schedule

| H | Heats | F | Final |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |

| Event↓/Date → | 13th
Sat | | 14th
Sun | | 15th
Mon | | 16th
Tue | | 17th
Wed | | 18th
Thu | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's 50 m freestyle |  | |  | | H | F |  | |  | |  | |
| Men's 100 m freestyle |  | |  | |  | |  | | H | F |  | |
| Men's 200 m freestyle |  | | H | F |  | |  | |  | |  | |
| Men's 400 m freestyle |  | |  | |  | | H | F |  | |  | |
| Men's 1500 m freestyle |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | | F | |
| Men's 50 m backstroke |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | | H | F |
| Men's 100 m backstroke |  | |  | |  | | H | F |  | |  | |
| Men's 200 m backstroke |  | |  | | H | F |  | |  | |  | |
| Men's 50 m breaststroke |  | | H | F |  | |  | |  | |  | |
| Men's 100 m breaststroke |  | |  | | H | F |  | |  | |  | |
| Men's 200 m breaststroke |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | | H | F |
| Men's 50 m butterfly |  | |  | |  | | H | F |  | |  | |
| Men's 100 m butterfly |  | | H | F |  | |  | |  | |  | |
| Men's 200 m butterfly | H | F |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |
| Men's 200 m individual medley |  | |  | |  | |  | | H | F |  | |
| Men's 400 m individual medley | H | F |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |
| Men's 4 × 100 m freestyle relay |  | |  | |  | | H | F |  | |  | |
| Men's 4 × 200 m freestyle relay |  | |  | | H | F |  | |  | |  | |
| Men's 4 × 100 m medley relay |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | | H | F |
| Women's 50 m freestyle |  | |  | |  | | H | F |  | |  | |
| Women's 100 m freestyle |  | |  | |  | |  | | H | F |  | |
| Women's 200 m freestyle | H | F |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |
| Women's 400 m freestyle |  | |  | | H | F |  | |  | |  | |
| Women's 800 m freestyle |  | |  | |  | |  | | F | |  | |
| Women's 50 m backstroke |  | |  | | H | F |  | |  | |  | |
| Women's 100 m backstroke |  | |  | |  | |  | | H | F |  | |
| Women's 200 m backstroke |  | | H | F |  | |  | |  | |  | |
| Women's 50 m breaststroke | H | F |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |
| Women's 100 m breaststroke |  | |  | |  | | H | F |  | |  | |
| Women's 200 m breaststroke |  | |  | |  | |  | | H | F |  | |
| Women's 50 m butterfly |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | | H | F |
| Women's 100 m butterfly | H | F |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |
| Women's 200 m butterfly |  | |  | | H | F |  | |  | |  | |
| Women's 200 m individual medley |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | | H | F |
| Women's 400 m individual medley |  | | H | F |  | |  | |  | |  | |
| Women's 4 × 100 m freestyle relay |  | | F | |  | |  | |  | |  | |
| Women's 4 × 200 m freestyle relay |  | |  | |  | | F | |  | |  | |
| Women's 4 × 100 m medley relay | F | |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |

## Medalists

### Men

| Event | Gold | | Silver | | Bronze | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 50 m freestyle
 | Lü Zhiwu
China | 22.37
**GR** | Masayuki Kishida
Japan | 22.45 | Rammaru Harada
Japan | 22.84 |
| 100 m freestyle
 | Park Tae-hwan
South Korea | 48.70
**GR** | Lü Zhiwu
China | 48.98 | Takuro Fujii
Japan | 49.37 |
| 200 m freestyle
 | Park Tae-hwan
South Korea | 1:44.80
**AR** | Sun Yang
China | 1:46.25 | Takeshi Matsuda
Japan | 1:47.73 |
| 400 m freestyle
 | Park Tae-hwan
South Korea | 3:41.53
**GR** | Sun Yang
China | 3:42.47 | Zhang Lin
China | 3:49.15 |
| 1500 m freestyle
 | Sun Yang
China | 14:35.43
**AR** | Park Tae-hwan
South Korea | 15:01.72 | Zhang Lin
China | 15:22.03 |
| 50 m backstroke
 | Junya Koga
Japan | 25.08
**GR** | Ryosuke Irie
Japan | 25.16 | Cheng Feiyi
China | 25.30 |
| 100 m backstroke
 | Ryosuke Irie
Japan | 53.61
**GR** | Junya Koga
Japan | 53.88 | Sun Xiaolei
China | 54.46 |
| 200 m backstroke
 | Ryosuke Irie
Japan | 1:55.45
**GR** | Zhang Fenglin
China | 1:57.53 | Cheng Feiyi
China | 1:58.93 |
| 50 m breaststroke
 | Xie Zhi
China | 27.80
**GR** | Ryo Tateishi
Japan | 27.86 | Li Xiayan
China | 27.89 |
| 100 m breaststroke
 | Ryo Tateishi
Japan | 1:00.38
**GR** | Vladislav Polyakov
Kazakhstan | 1:01.03 | Wang Shuai
China | 1:01.71 |
| 200 m breaststroke
 | Naoya Tomita
Japan | 2:10.36 | Xue Ruipeng
China | 2:12.25 | *Shared silver* |  |
| | | | Choi Kyu-woong
South Korea | | | |
| 50 m butterfly
 | Zhou Jiawei
China | 23.66
**GR** | Masayuki Kishida
Japan | 24.13 | Virdhawal Khade
India | 24.31 |
| 100 m butterfly
 | Zhou Jiawei
China | 51.83
**GR** | Takuro Fujii
Japan | 51.85 | Wu Peng
China | 52.72 |
| 200 m butterfly
 | Takeshi Matsuda
Japan | 1:54.02
**GR** | Ryusuke Sakata
Japan | 1:55.23 | Chen Yin
China | 1:55.29 |
| 200 m individual medley
 | Ken Takakuwa
Japan | 1:58.31
**GR** | Wang Shun
China | 1:59.72 | Yuya Horihata
Japan | 2:00.48 |
| 400 m individual medley
 | Yuya Horihata
Japan | 4:13.35
**GR** | Huang Chaosheng
China | 4:13.38 | Ken Takakuwa
Japan | 4:16.42 |
| 4 × 100 m freestyle relay
 | China
Shi Tengfei
Jiang Haiqi
Shi Runqiang
Lü Zhiwu
Chen Zuo
Liu Junwu | 3:16.34
**GR** | Japan
Takuro Fujii
Rammaru Harada
Shunsuke Kuzuhara
Sho Uchida
Yuki Kobori
Yoshihiro Okumura | 3:16.78 | South Korea
Kim Yong-sik
Bae Joon-mo
Park Seon-kwan
Park Tae-hwan
Jung Won-yong
Kim Min-gyu
Lee Hyun-seung
Park Min-kyu | 3:19.02 |
| 4 × 200 m freestyle relay
 | China
Zhang Lin
Jiang Haiqi
Li Yunqi
Sun Yang
Dai Jun
Jiang Yuhui
Zhang Enjian | 7:07.68
**GR** | Japan
Yuki Kobori
Sho Uchida
Shunsuke Kuzuhara
Takeshi Matsuda
Yoshihiro Okumura | 7:10.39 | South Korea
Bae Joon-mo
Jang Sang-jin
Lee Hyun-seung
Park Tae-hwan
Kim Yong-sik
Park Min-kyu | 7:24.14 |
| 4 × 100 m medley relay
 | Japan
Ryosuke Irie
Ryo Tateishi
Takuro Fujii
Rammaru Harada
Kosuke Kitajima
Masayuki Kishida
Shunsuke Kuzuhara | 3:34.10
**GR** | South Korea
Park Seon-kwan
Choi Kyu-woong
Jeong Doo-hee
Park Tae-hwan
Kim Ji-heun
Chang Gyu-cheol
Park Min-kyu | 3:38.30 | Kazakhstan
Stanislav Ossinskiy
Vladislav Polyakov
Fedor Shkilyov
Stanislav Kuzmin
Yevgeniy Ryzhkov
Rustam Khudiyev
Artur Dilman | 3:40.55 |

### Women

| Event | Gold | | Silver | | Bronze | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 50 m freestyle
 | Li Zhesi
China | 24.97
**GR** | Tang Yi
China | 25.22 | Yayoi Matsumoto
Japan | 25.67 |
| 100 m freestyle
 | Tang Yi
China | 54.12
**GR** | Li Zhesi
China | 54.84 | Haruka Ueda
Japan | 55.15 |
| 200 m freestyle
 | Zhu Qianwei
China | 1:56.65
**GR** | Tang Yi
China | 1:57.08 | Hanae Ito
Japan | 1:58.24 |
| 400 m freestyle
 | Shao Yiwen
China | 4:05.58
**GR** | Liu Jing
China | 4:08.89 | Seo Youn-jeong
South Korea | 4:14.50 |
| 800 m freestyle
 | Li Xuanxu
China | 8:23.55
**GR** | Shao Yiwen
China | 8:24.14 | Maiko Fujino
Japan | 8:33.55 |
| 50 m backstroke
 | Gao Chang
China | 27.45
**GR** | Aya Terakawa
Japan | 27.86 | Xu Tianlongzi
China | 28.14 |
| 100 m backstroke
 | Zhao Jing
China | 59.20 | Shiho Sakai
Japan | 59.87 | Gao Chang
China | 59.90 |
| 200 m backstroke
 | Zhao Jing
China | 2:06.46
**AR** | Shiho Sakai
Japan | 2:07.81 | Aya Terakawa
Japan | 2:09.72 |
| 50 m breaststroke
 | Wang Randi
China | 31.04
**GR** | Zhao Jin
China | 31.13 | Satomi Suzuki
Japan | 31.52 |
| 100 m breaststroke
 | Ji Liping
China | 1:06.91 | Satomi Suzuki
Japan | 1:07.43 | Chen Huijia
China | 1:07.98 |
| 200 m breaststroke
 | Jeong Da-rae
South Korea | 2:25.02 | Sun Ye
China | 2:25.27 | Ji Liping
China | 2:25.40 |
| 50 m butterfly
 | Tao Li
Singapore | 26.10
**GR** | Yuka Kato
Japan | 26.27 | Lu Ying
China | 26.29 |
| 100 m butterfly
 | Jiao Liuyang
China | 57.76
**GR** | Tao Li
Singapore | 58.24 | Yuka Kato
Japan | 58.46 |
| 200 m butterfly
 | Jiao Liuyang
China | 2:05.79
**GR** | Natsumi Hoshi
Japan | 2:07.96 | Choi Hye-ra
South Korea | 2:08.39 |
| 200 m individual medley
 | Ye Shiwen
China | 2:09.37
**GR** | Wang Qun
China | 2:12.02 | Choi Hye-ra
South Korea | 2:12.85 |
| 400 m individual medley
 | Ye Shiwen
China | 4:33.79
**GR** | Li Xuanxu
China | 4:38.05 | Cheng Wan-jung
Chinese Taipei | 4:41.55 |
| 4 × 100 m freestyle relay
 | China
Li Zhesi
Wang Shijia
Zhu Qianwei
Tang Yi | 3:36.88
**GR** | Japan
Haruka Ueda
Yayoi Matsumoto
Tomoko Hagiwara
Hanae Ito | 3:37.90 | Hong Kong
Sze Hang Yu
Yu Wai Ting
Stephanie Au
Hannah Wilson | 3:43.17 |
| 4 × 200 m freestyle relay
 | China
Zhu Qianwei
Liu Jing
Wang Shijia
Tang Yi | 7:51.81
**GR** | Japan
Hanae Ito
Haruka Ueda
Yayoi Matsumoto
Risa Sekine | 7:55.92 | South Korea
Park Na-ri
Choi Hye-ra
Lee Jae-young
Seo Youn-jeong | 8:07.78 |
| 4 × 100 m medley relay
 | China
Zhao Jing
Chen Huijia
Jiao Liuyang
Tang Yi | 3:57.80
**GR** | Japan
Aya Terakawa
Satomi Suzuki
Yuka Kato
Haruka Ueda | 3:58.24 | Hong Kong
Claudia Lau
Fiona Ma
Sze Hang Yu
Hannah Wilson | 4:06.83 |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | China (CHN) | 24 | 16 | 14 | 54 |
| 2 | Japan (JPN) | 9 | 18 | 12 | 39 |
| 3 | South Korea (KOR) | 4 | 3 | 6 | 13 |
| 4 | Singapore (SIN) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 5 | Kazakhstan (KAZ) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 6 | Hong Kong (HKG) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 7 | Chinese Taipei (TPE) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | India (IND) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (8 entries) | | 38 | 39 | 37 | 114 |

## Participating nations

A total of 294 athletes from 36 nations competed in swimming at the 2010 Asian Games:

## InfoBox

| Swimming
at the 2010 Asian Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Venue | Aoti Aquatics Centre |
| Dates | 13–18 November 2010 |
| Competitors | 294 from 36 nations |
|


title: Cyrtodactylus arcanus

abstract: Cyrtodactylus arcanus is a species of gecko that is endemic to Papua New Guinea.

text:
# Cyrtodactylus arcanus

***Cyrtodactylus arcanus*** is a species of gecko that is endemic to Papua New Guinea.

## InfoBox

| *Cyrtodactylus arcanus* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Gekkonidae |
| Genus: | *Cyrtodactylus* |
| Species: | ***C. arcanus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cyrtodactylus arcanus***
Oliver, Richards & Sistrom, 2012 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Cyrtodactylus aenigma* | |


title: Cyrtodactylus auralensis

abstract: Cyrtodactylus auralensis, also known as the Phnom Aural bent-toed gecko, is a species of gecko endemic to Cambodia.

text:
# Cyrtodactylus auralensis

***Cyrtodactylus auralensis***, also known as the **Phnom Aural bent-toed gecko**, is a species of gecko endemic to Cambodia.

## InfoBox

| *Cyrtodactylus auralensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Gekkonidae |
| Genus: | *Cyrtodactylus* |
| Species: | ***C. auralensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cyrtodactylus auralensis***<br>Murdoch, Grismer, Wood, Neang, Poyarkov, Ngo, Nazarov, Aowphol, Pauwels, Nguyen & Grismer, 2019 | |
|


title: Cyrtodactylus aunglini

abstract: Cyrtodactylus aunglini, also known commonly as the Kyauk Nagar Cave bent-toed gecko, is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to Myanmar.

text:
# Cyrtodactylus aunglini

***Cyrtodactylus aunglini***, also known commonly as the **Kyauk Nagar Cave bent-toed gecko**, is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to Myanmar.

## Etymology

The specific name, *aunglini*, is in honor of Burmese conservationist Aung Lin.

## Description

Relatively large for its genus, *C. aunglini* may attain a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of 8 cm (3.1 in).

## Further reading

* Grismer LL, Wood PL Jr, Thura MK, Win NM, Grismer MS, Trueblood LA, Quah ESH (2018). "A re-description of *Cyrtodactylus chrysopylos* Bauer (Squamata: Gekkonidae) with comments on the adaptive significance of orange coloration in hatchlings and descriptions of two new species from eastern Myanmar (Burma)". *Zootaxa* **4527** (2): 151–185. (*Cyrtodactylus aunglini*, new species).

## InfoBox

| *Cyrtodactylus aunglini* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Gekkonidae |
| Genus: | *Cyrtodactylus* |
| Species: | ***C. aunglini*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cyrtodactylus aunglini***
L. Grismer, Wood, Thura, Win,
M. Grismer, Trueblood & Quah, 2018 | |
|


title: Cyrtodactylus badenensis

abstract: Cyrtodactylus badenensis is a gecko from Indochina, particularly South Vietnam.

text:
# Cyrtodactylus badenensis

***Cyrtodactylus badenensis*** is a gecko from Indochina, particularly South Vietnam.

## Description

This species can be distinguished by its enlarged femoral scales and its absence of femoral pores; 8-10 lower labials, 10–13 upper labials, 2 internasal scales; 18-22 subdigital lamellae on its fourth toe of its hindlimb; and about 25-28 scale rows around its midbody.

## Further reading

* Van Tri, Ngo, and Chan Kin Onn. "A new karstic cave-dwelling *Cyrtodactylus* Gray (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from northern Vietnam." Zootaxa 3125 (2011): 51–63.
* Hoang, X. Q., et al. "Description of a new species of the genus *Cyrtodactylus* Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae) from the karst of north central Vietnam." Russian Journal of Herpetology 14.2 (2007): 98–106.
* Van Tri, Ngo, LLEE GRISMER, and Jesse L. Grismer. "A new endemic cave dwelling species of *Cyrtodactylus* Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in Kien Giang Biosphere Reserve, Southwestern Vietnam." Zootaxa 53.62 (1967): 2008.

## InfoBox

| *Cyrtodactylus badenensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Gekkonidae |
| Genus: | *Cyrtodactylus* |
| Species: | ***C. badenensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cyrtodactylus badenensis***<br>Nguyen, Orlov & Darevsky, 2006 | |
|


title: Cymbacha ocellata

abstract:
Cymbacha ocellata is a spider in the family Thomisidae. First described by L Koch in 1874.
Common to most parts of Australia

text:
# Cymbacha ocellata

***Cymbacha ocellata*** is a spider in the family Thomisidae. First described by L Koch in 1874. Common to most parts of Australia

## InfoBox

| *Cymbacha ocellata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Thomisidae |
| Genus: | *Cymbacha* |
| Species: | ***C. ocellata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cymbacha ocellata***<br>L Koch 1874 | |
|


title: Cymbacha simplex

abstract: Cymbacha simplex is a species of spiders of the genus Cymbacha. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.

text:
# Cymbacha simplex

***Cymbacha simplex*** is a species of spiders of the genus *Cymbacha*. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.

## InfoBox

| *Cymbacha simplex* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Thomisidae |
| Genus: | *Cymbacha* |
| Species: | ***C. simplex*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cymbacha simplex***<br>Simon, 1895 | |
|


abstract: The women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay event at the 2008 Olympic Games took place on 13–14 August at the Beijing National Aquatics Center in Beijing, China. For the first time since the event's inception in 1996, the Aussies smashed a new world record to overhaul the undefeated Americans for an Olympic title with a benefit of a sterling opening leg from Stephanie Rice. Starting the program's longest relay race with a remarkable Oceanian-record split of 1:56.60, Rice and her teammates Bronte Barratt (1:56.58), Kylie Palmer (1:55.22), and Linda Mackenzie (1:55.91) registered a gold-medal time of 7:44.31 to shave nearly six seconds off the previous world record set by their greatest rivals in 2007. China's Pang Jiaying expanded her stretch over U.S. swimmer Katie Hoff with an anchor of 1:54.39 to deliver the foursome of Yang Yu (1:56.79), Zhu Qianwei (1:56.64), and Tan Miao (1:58.11) a superb Asian record time of 7:45.93, and a silver medal for the host nation. After a disappointing Olympic campaign, the U.S. team of Allison Schmitt (1:57.71), Natalie Coughlin (1:57.19), Caroline Burckle (1:56.70), and Hoff (1:54.73) finally found the best form on the blazing anchor leg to end the race for the bronze in 7:46.33, finishing nearly four seconds under the old world record. Italy's Renata Spagnolo (1:58.31), Alessia Filippi (1:56.68), Flavia Zoccari (1:59.80), and Federica Pellegrini (1:54.97) missed out the podium by over three seconds with a fourth-place time and a European record of 7:49.76. Meanwhile, the French quartet of Coralie Balmy (1:56.57), Ophélie-Cyrielle Étienne (1:57.95), Aurore Mongel (1:58.62), and Camille Muffat (1:57.52) occupied the fifth spot in 7:50.66. Earlier in the prelims, Muffat (1:57.32), Balmy (1:55.86), Céline Couderc (1:58.92), and Alena Popchanka (1:58.27), previously competed for Belarus in three Games, established a new Olympic record of 7:50.37 to close the session with a final top seed. Hungary (7:55.53), Japan (7:57.56), and Sweden (7:59.83) rounded out the field. For the first time in Olympic history, all eight teams finished the race under eight minutes due to the presence of technology suits.

text:
# Swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay

The **women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay** event at the 2008 Olympic Games took place on 13–14 August at the Beijing National Aquatics Center in Beijing, China.

For the first time since the event's inception in 1996, the Aussies smashed a new world record to overhaul the undefeated Americans for an Olympic title with a benefit of a sterling opening leg from Stephanie Rice. Starting the program's longest relay race with a remarkable Oceanian-record split of 1:56.60, Rice and her teammates Bronte Barratt (1:56.58), Kylie Palmer (1:55.22), and Linda Mackenzie (1:55.91) registered a gold-medal time of 7:44.31 to shave nearly six seconds off the previous world record set by their greatest rivals in 2007.

China's Pang Jiaying expanded her stretch over U.S. swimmer Katie Hoff with an anchor of 1:54.39 to deliver the foursome of Yang Yu (1:56.79), Zhu Qianwei (1:56.64), and Tan Miao (1:58.11) a superb Asian record time of 7:45.93, and a silver medal for the host nation. After a disappointing Olympic campaign, the U.S. team of Allison Schmitt (1:57.71), Natalie Coughlin (1:57.19), Caroline Burckle (1:56.70), and Hoff (1:54.73) finally found the best form on the blazing anchor leg to end the race for the bronze in 7:46.33, finishing nearly four seconds under the old world record.

Italy's Renata Spagnolo (1:58.31), Alessia Filippi (1:56.68), Flavia Zoccari (1:59.80), and Federica Pellegrini (1:54.97) missed out the podium by over three seconds with a fourth-place time and a European record of 7:49.76. Meanwhile, the French quartet of Coralie Balmy (1:56.57), Ophélie-Cyrielle Étienne (1:57.95), Aurore Mongel (1:58.62), and Camille Muffat (1:57.52) occupied the fifth spot in 7:50.66. Earlier in the prelims, Muffat (1:57.32), Balmy (1:55.86), Céline Couderc (1:58.92), and Alena Popchanka (1:58.27), previously competed for Belarus in three Games, established a new Olympic record of 7:50.37 to close the session with a final top seed. Hungary (7:55.53), Japan (7:57.56), and Sweden (7:59.83) rounded out the field. For the first time in Olympic history, all eight teams finished the race under eight minutes due to the presence of technology suits.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.

| **World record** | United States (USA)
Natalie Coughlin (1:56.43)
Dana Vollmer (1:57.49)
Lacey Nymeyer (1:59.19)
Katie Hoff (1:56.98) | **7:50.09** | Melbourne, Australia | 29 March 2007 |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Olympic record** | United States (USA)
Natalie Coughlin (1:57.74)
Carly Piper (1:59.39)
Dana Vollmer (1:58.12)
Kaitlin Sandeno (1:58.17) | **7:53.42** | Athens, Greece | 18 August 2004 | - |

The following new world and Olympic records were set during this competition.

| Date | Event | Name | Nationality | Time | Record |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| August 13 | Heat 1 | Alena Popchanka (1:58.27)
Céline Couderc (1:58.92)
Camille Muffat (1:57.32)
Coralie Balmy (1:55.86) | France | 7:50.37 | **OR** |
| August 14 | Final | Stephanie Rice (1:56.60) **=OC**
Bronte Barratt (1:56.58)
Kylie Palmer (1:55.22)
Linda Mackenzie (1:55.91) | Australia | 7:44.31 | **WR** |

## Results

### Heats

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Nationality | Names | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | 4 | France | Alena Popchanka (1:58.27)
Céline Couderc (1:58.92)
Camille Muffat (1:57.32)
Coralie Balmy (1:55.86) | 7:50.37 | Q, **OR** |
| 2 | 2 | 4 | United States | Caroline Burckle (1:57.86)
Christine Marshall (1:58.58)
Kim Vandenberg (1:58.31)
Julia Smit (1:57.68) | 7:52.43 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | 3 | Italy | Renata Spagnolo (1:58.91)
Flavia Zoccari (1:58.88)
Alice Carpanese (1:59.50)
Federica Pellegrini (1:56.09) | 7:53.38 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | 2 | China | Yang Yu (1:57.49)
Tan Miao (1:58.84)
Tang Jingzhi (2:00.20)
Zhu Qianwei (1:57.24) | 7:53.77 | Q, **AS** |
| 5 | 1 | 6 | Sweden | Gabriella Fagundez (1:58.43)
Ida Marko-Varga (1:58.40)
Petra Granlund (1:59.67)
Josefin Lillhage (1:57.33) | 7:53.83 | Q, **NR** |
| 6 | 2 | 6 | Australia | Felicity Galvez (1:58.00)
Angie Bainbridge (1:58.17)
Melanie Schlanger (2:00.99)
Lara Davenport (1:57.94) | 7:55.10 | Q |
| 7 | 2 | 7 | Hungary | Ágnes Mutina (1:59.42)
Evelyn Verrasztó (1:56.92)
Eszter Dara (2:00.45)
Zsuzsanna Jakabos (1:58.47) | 7:55.26 | Q |
| 8 | 2 | 2 | Japan | Haruka Ueda (1:58.09)
Misaki Yamaguchi (1:57.93)
Emi Takanabe (2:01.28)
Maki Mita (1:58.33) | 7:55.63 | Q, **NR** |
| 9 | 2 | 5 | Great Britain | Joanne Jackson (1:57.70)
Melanie Marshall (1:58.44)
Hannah Miley (1:59.95)
Francesca Halsall (2:00.07) | 7:56.16 |  |
| 10 | 1 | 1 | Canada | Stephanie Horner (1:58.00)
Geneviève Saumur (1:59.23)
Erica Morningstar (2:00.91)
Julia Wilkinson (1:58.12) | 7:56.26 |  |
| 11 | 1 | 3 | Netherlands | Femke Heemskerk (1:58.29)
Ranomi Kromowidjojo (1:58.29)
Saskia de Jonge (2:00.71)
Manon van Rooijen (1:59.31) | 7:56.60 |  |
| 12 | 1 | 5 | Germany | Meike Freitag (1:58.09)
Petra Dallmann (1:59.55)
Daniela Samulski (2:01.67)
Annika Lurz (1:58.80) | 7:58.11 |  |
| 13 | 2 | 1 | Denmark | Julie Hjorth-Hansen (1:59.16)
Micha Kathrine Østergaard Jensen (2:01.67)
Louise Mai Jansen (2:00.31)
Lotte Friis (1:59.67) | 8:00.81 |  |
| 14 | 1 | 7 | Spain | Melania Costa (2:00.92)
María Fuster (2:00.00)
Noemi Féliz García (1:59.77)
Arantxa Ramos (2:00.21) | 8:00.90 |  |
| 15 | 1 | 8 | Poland | Paulina Barzycka (2:00.99)
Katarzyna Wilk (2:02.78)
Karolina Szczepaniak (2:01.94)
Katarzyna Baranowska (2:01.69) | 8:07.40 |  |
|  | 2 | 8 | New Zealand | Helen Norfolk (2:00.24)
Lauren Boyle (1:58.01)
Hayley Palmer (1:59.92)
Natasha Hind | DSQ |  |
|

### Final

| Rank | Lane | Nationality | Name | Time | Time behind | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 7 | Australia | Stephanie Rice (1:56.60) **OC**
Bronte Barratt (1:56.58)
Kylie Palmer (1:55.22)
Linda Mackenzie (1:55.91) | 7:44.31 |  | **WR** |
|  | 6 | China | Yang Yu (1:56.79)
Zhu Qianwei (1:56.64)
Tan Miao (1:58.11)
Pang Jiaying (1:54.39) | 7:45.93 | 1.62 | **AS** |
|  | 5 | United States | Allison Schmitt (1:57.71)
Natalie Coughlin (1:57.19)
Caroline Burckle (1:56.70)
Katie Hoff (1:54.73) | 7:46.33 | 2.02 | **AM** |
| 4 | 3 | Italy | Renata Spagnolo (1:58.31)
Alessia Filippi (1:56.68)
Flavia Zoccari (1:59.80)
Federica Pellegrini (1:54.97) | 7:49.76 | 5.45 | **EU** |
| 5 | 4 | France | Coralie Balmy (1:56.57)
Ophélie-Cyrielle Étienne (1:57.95)
Aurore Mongel (1:58.62)
Camille Muffat (1:57.52) | 7:50.66 | 6.35 |  |
| 6 | 1 | Hungary | Ágnes Mutina (1:58.17)
Evelyn Verrasztó (1:57.80)
Eszter Dara (2:00.39)
Zsuzsanna Jakabos (1:59.17) | 7:55.53 | 11.22 |  |
| 7 | 8 | Japan | Haruka Ueda (1:58.44)
Misaki Yamaguchi (1:58.51)
Maki Mita (1:58.78)
Emi Takanabe (2:01.83) | 7:57.56 | 13.25 |  |
| 8 | 2 | Sweden | Josefin Lillhage (2:00.48)
Gabriella Fagundez (2:00.09)
Ida Marko-Varga (1:58.58)
Petra Granlund (2:00.68) | 7:59.83 | 15.52 |  |

## InfoBox

| Women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay
at the Games of the XXIX Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Beijing National Aquatics Center |
| Date | August 13, 2008 (heats)
August 14, 2008 (final) |
| Competitors | 75 from 16 nations |
| Winning time | 7:44.31 **WR** |
| Medalists | |
| Australia (AUS)
Stephanie Rice, Bronte Barratt, Kylie Palmer, Linda Mackenzie, Felicity Galvez\*, Angie Bainbridge\*, Melanie Schlanger\*, Lara Davenport*  China (CHN)
Yang Yu, Zhu Qianwei, Tan Miao, Pang Jiaying, Tang Jingzhi*  United States (USA)
Allison Schmitt, Natalie Coughlin, Caroline Burckle, Katie Hoff, Christine Marshall\*, Kim Vandenberg\*, Julia Smit*

\*Indicates the swimmer only competed in the preliminary heats. | |
|


abstract: The Women's 100 metre backstroke competition of the 2014 European Aquatics Championships was held on 20–21 August.

text:
# Swimming at the 2014 European Aquatics Championships – Women's 100 metre backstroke

The **Women's 100 metre backstroke** competition of the 2014 European Aquatics Championships was held on 20–21 August.

## Records

Prior to the competition, the existing world, European and championship records were as follows.

|  | Name | Nation | Time | Location | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **World record** | Gemma Spofforth | Great Britain | 58.12 | Rome | 28 July 2009 |
| **European record** | | | | | |
| **Championship record** | Anastasia Zuyeva | Russia | 59.41 | Eindhoven | 21 March 2008 |

## Results

### Heats

The heats were held at 10:17.

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | 4 | Katinka Hosszú | Hungary | 1:00.08 | Q |
| 2 | 5 | 4 | Mie Nielsen | Denmark | 1:00.13 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | 4 | Georgia Davies | Great Britain | 1:00.32 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | 5 | Daryna Zevina | Ukraine | 1:00.80 | Q |
| 5 | 3 | 3 | Carlotta Zofkova | Italy | 1:00.83 | Q |
| 6 | 5 | 3 | Elizabeth Simmonds | Great Britain | 1:00.92 | Q |
| 7 | 4 | 5 | Simona Baumrtová | Czech Republic | 1:00.98 | Q |
| 8 | 5 | 7 | Ida Lindborg | Sweden | 1:01.14 | Q |
| 9 | 5 | 5 | Daria Ustinova | Russia | 1:01.24 | Q |
| 10 | 4 | 3 | Arianna Barbieri | Italy | 1:01.40 | Q |
| 11 | 5 | 6 | Jenny Mensing | Germany | 1:01.52 | Q |
| 12 | 4 | 6 | Duane Da Rocha | Spain | 1:01.59 | Q |
| 13 | 5 | 2 | Lisa Graf | Germany | 1:01.67 | Q |
| 14 | 4 | 1 | Mimosa Jallow | Finland | 1:02.26 | Q |
| 15 | 4 | 8 | Sanja Jovanović | Croatia | 1:02.30 | Q |
| 16 | 3 | 0 | Justine Ress | France | 1:02.34 | Q |
| 17 | 3 | 2 | Alicja Tchórz | Poland | 1:02.47 |  |
| 18 | 3 | 1 | Mathilde Cini | France | 1:02.51 |  |
| 19 | 4 | 2 | Mercedes Peris | Spain | 1:02.56 |  |
| 20 | 4 | 7 | Ekaterina Tomashevskaya | Russia | 1:02.82 |  |
| 21 | 3 | 7 | Klaudia Nazieblo | Poland | 1:02.93 |  |
| 22 | 5 | 9 | Jördis Steinegger | Austria | 1:03.40 |  |
| 23 | 2 | 3 | Camille Gheorghiu | France | 1:03.51 |  |
| 24 | 2 | 5 | Sarah Bro | Denmark | 1:03.63 |  |
| 25 | 2 | 2 | Anni Alitalo | Finland | 1:03.96 |  |
| 26 | 2 | 6 | Ava Schollmayer | Slovenia | 1:03.99 |  |
| 27 | 5 | 1 | Alina Vats | Ukraine | 1:04.05 |  |
| 28 | 4 | 9 | Maria Kameneva | Russia | 1:04.08 |  |
| 29 | 5 | 8 | Béryl Gastaldello | France | 1:04.09 |  |
| 30 | 4 | 0 | Aliaksandra Kavaleva | Belarus | 1:04.11 |  |
| 31 | 3 | 9 | Magdalena Kuras | Sweden | 1:04.13 |  |
| 32 | 5 | 0 | Sviatlana Khakhlova | Belarus | 1:04.40 |  |
| 33 | 2 | 1 | Ingibjörg Jónsdóttir | Iceland | 1:04.46 |  |
| 34 | 2 | 7 | Matea Samardžić | Croatia | 1:05.02 |  |
| 35 | 1 | 4 | Kätlin Sepp | Estonia | 1:05.39 |  |
| 36 | 2 | 8 | Sigrid Sepp | Estonia | 1:05.61 |  |
| 37 | 2 | 0 | Eva Gliožerytė | Lithuania | 1:06.57 |  |
| 38 | 1 | 5 | Susanne Hirvonen | Finland | 1:06.61 |  |
| 39 | 1 | 3 | Amina Kajtaz | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1:07.92 |  |
|  | 2 | 4 | Věra Kopřivová | Czech Republic |  | DNS |
|  | 3 | 6 | Michelle Coleman | Sweden |  | DNS |
|  | 3 | 8 | Karin Tomečková | Slovakia |  | DNS |

### Semifinals

The semifinals were held at 19:34.

#### Semifinal 1

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Mie Nielsen | Denmark | 59.51 | Q |
| 2 | 5 | Daryna Zevina | Ukraine | 1:00.42 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Arianna Barbieri | Italy | 1:01.03 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | Elizabeth Simmonds | Great Britain | 1:01.35 |  |
| 5 | 7 | Duane Da Rocha | Spain | 1:01.53 |  |
| 6 | 6 | Ida Lindborg | Sweden | 1:01.66 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Mimosa Jallow | Finland | 1:02.03 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Justine Ress | France | 1:02.53 |  |

#### Semifinal 2

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 5 | Georgia Davies | Great Britain | 1:00.18 | Q |
| 2 | 4 | Katinka Hosszú | Hungary | 1:00.19 | Q |
| 3 | 6 | Simona Baumrtová | Czech Republic | 1:00.53 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | Carlotta Zofkova | Italy | 1:00.60 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | Daria Ustinova | Russia | 1:00.95 | Q |
| 6 | 1 | Lisa Graf | Germany | 1:01.51 |  |
| 6 | 7 | Jenny Mensing | Germany | 1:01.51 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Sanja Jovanović | Croatia | 1:02.42 |  |

### Final

The final was held at 18:58.

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 3 | Katinka Hosszú | Hungary | 59.63 |  |
|  | 4 | Mie Nielsen | Denmark | 59.63 |  |
|  | 5 | Georgia Davies | Great Britain | 59.74 |  |
| 4 | 6 | Daryna Zevina | Ukraine | 1:00.33 |  |
| 5 | 2 | Simona Baumrtová | Czech Republic | 1:00.38 |  |
| 6 | 7 | Carlotta Zofkova | Italy | 1:00.80 |  |
| 7 | 8 | Arianna Barbieri | Italy | 1:00.86 |  |
| 8 | 1 | Daria Ustinova | Russia | 1:00.90 |  |

## InfoBox

| Women's 100 metre backstroke <br>at the Swimming at the 2014 European Aquatics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 20–21 August |
| Competitors | 39 from 21 nations |
| Winning time | 59.63 |
| Medalists | |
| Hungary  Denmark  Great Britain | |


abstract: The Women's 200 metre backstroke competition of the 2014 European Aquatics Championships was held on 18–19 August.

text:
# Swimming at the 2014 European Aquatics Championships – Women's 200 metre backstroke

The **Women's 200 metre backstroke** competition of the 2014 European Aquatics Championships was held on 18–19 August.

## Records

Prior to the competition, the existing world, European and championship records were as follows.

|  | Name | Nation | Time | Location | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **World record** | Missy Franklin | United States | 2:04.06 | London | 28 July 2012 |
| **European record** | Anastasia Zuyeva | Russia | 2:04.94 | Rome | 1 August 2009 |
| **Championship record** | Krisztina Egerszegi | Hungary | 2:06.62 | Athens | 22 August 1991 |

## Results

### Heats

The heats were held at 11:02.

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2 | 5 | Jenny Mensing | Germany | 2:10.33 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | 6 | Duane Da Rocha | Spain | 2:10.34 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | 3 | Lisa Graf | Germany | 2:10.75 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | 5 | Katinka Hosszú | Hungary | 2:11.09 | Q |
| 5 | 1 | 6 | Melani Costa | Spain | 2:11.63 | Q |
| 6 | 1 | 3 | Carlotta Zofkova | Italy | 2:11.74 | Q |
| 7 | 1 | 5 | Simona Baumrtová | Czech Republic | 2:11.88 | Q |
| 8 | 1 | 4 | Elizabeth Simmonds | Great Britain | 2:12.32 | Q |
| 9 | 3 | 6 | Sonnele Öztürk | Germany | 2:13.15 |  |
| 10 | 3 | 4 | Daria Ustinova | Russia | 2:13.93 | Q |
| 11 | 3 | 3 | Alicja Tchórz | Poland | 2:14.51 | Q |
| 12 | 2 | 4 | Daryna Zevina | Ukraine | 2:14.79 | Q |
| 13 | 3 | 2 | Jördis Steinegger | Austria | 2:15.14 | Q |
| 14 | 2 | 2 | Klaudia Nazieblo | Poland | 2:15.69 | Q |
| 15 | 1 | 7 | Matea Samardžić | Croatia | 2:15.80 | Q |
| 16 | 2 | 7 | Ida Lindborg | Sweden | 2:16.23 | Q |
| 17 | 1 | 2 | Ekaterina Tomashevskaya | Russia | 2:16.30 | Q |
| 18 | 3 | 7 | Sarah Bro | Denmark | 2:16.76 |  |
| 19 | 2 | 8 | Věra Kopřivová | Czech Republic | 2:17.67 |  |
| 20 | 2 | 1 | Martina van Berkel | Switzerland | 2:17.90 |  |
| 21 | 3 | 1 | Justine Ress | France | 2:17.91 |  |
| 22 | 1 | 1 | Camille Gheorghiu | France | 2:18.78 |  |
| 23 | 3 | 8 | Karin Tomecková | Slovakia | 2:19.04 |  |
| 24 | 3 | 0 | Aliaksandra Kavaleva | Belarus | 2:22.75 |  |
| 25 | 1 | 8 | Andrea Basaraba | Serbia | 2:23.13 |  |

### Semifinals

The semifinals were held 18:52.

#### Semifinal 1

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Duane Da Rocha | Spain | 2:09.13 | Q |
| 2 | 6 | Elizabeth Simmonds | Great Britain | 2:09.71 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | Carlotta Zofkova | Italy | 2:12.06 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | Alicja Tchórz | Poland | 2:13.29 |  |
| 5 | 8 | Ekaterina Tomashevskaya | Russia | 2:14.27 |  |
| 6 | 7 | Jördis Steinegger | Austria | 2:16.10 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Matea Samardžić | Croatia | 2:16.26 |  |
| 8 | 5 | Katinka Hosszú | Hungary | 2:20.04 |  |

#### Semifinal 2

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 6 | Simona Baumrtová | Czech Republic | 2:10.22 | Q |
| 2 | 4 | Jenny Mensing | Germany | 2:10.26 | Q |
| 3 | 5 | Lisa Graf | Germany | 2:10.29 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | Melani Costa | Spain | 2:10.83 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | Daria Ustinova | Russia | 2:11.40 | Q |
| 6 | 7 | Daryna Zevina | Ukraine | 2:13.58 |  |
| 7 | 8 | Ida Lindborg | Sweden | 2:15.03 |  |
| 8 | 1 | Klaudia Nazieblo | Poland | 2:15.98 |  |

### Final

The final was held at 19:03.

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 4 | Duane Da Rocha | Spain | 2:09.37 |  |
|  | 5 | Elizabeth Simmonds | Great Britain | 2:09.66 |  |
|  | 1 | Daria Ustinova | Russia | 2:09.79 |  |
| 4 | 2 | Lisa Graf | Germany | 2:10.64 |  |
| 5 | 3 | Simona Baumrtová | Czech Republic | 2:10.99 |  |
| 6 | 7 | Melani Costa | Spain | 2:11.15 |  |
| 7 | 6 | Jenny Mensing | Germany | 2:11.77 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Carlotta Zofkova | Italy | 2:13.49 |  |

## InfoBox

| Women's 200 metre backstroke <br>at the Swimming at the 2014 European Aquatics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 18–19 August |
| Competitors | 25 from 18 nations |
| Winning time | 2:09.37 |
| Medalists | |
| Spain  Great Britain  Russia | |


abstract: The Women's 200 metre individual medley competition of the 2014 European Aquatics Championships was held on 20–21 August.

text:
# Swimming at the 2014 European Aquatics Championships – Women's 200 metre individual medley

The **Women's 200 metre individual medley** competition of the 2014 European Aquatics Championships was held on 20–21 August.

## Records

Prior to the competition, the existing world, European and championship records were as follows.

|  | Name | Nation | Time | Location | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **World record** | Ariana Kukors | United States | 2:06.15 | Rome | 27 July 2009 |
| **European record** | Katinka Hosszú | Hungary | 2:07.46 | Rome | 27 July 2009 |
| **Championship record** | Katinka Hosszú | Hungary | 2:10.09 | Budapest | 12 August 2010 |

## Results

### Heats

The heats were held at 09:45.

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | 4 | Katinka Hosszú | Hungary | 2:11.06 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | 5 | Lisa Zaiser | Austria | 2:13.18 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | 4 | Aimee Willmott | Great Britain | 2:13.28 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | 4 | Mireia Belmonte | Spain | 2:13.50 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | 2 | Barbora Závadová | Czech Republic | 2:13.90 | Q |
| 6 | 4 | 5 | Evelyn Verrasztó | Hungary | 2:14.03 | Q |
| 7 | 2 | 5 | Viktoriya Andreeva | Russia | 2:14.09 | Q |
| 8 | 4 | 3 | Beatriz Gómez Cortés | Spain | 2:14.16 | Q |
| 9 | 3 | 6 | Wendy van der Zanden | Netherlands | 2:14.61 | Q |
| 10 | 3 | 3 | Stina Gardell | Sweden | 2:14.62 | Q |
| 11 | 2 | 6 | Louise Hansson | Sweden | 2:14.86 | Q |
| 12 | 2 | 3 | Stefania Pirozzi | Italy | 2:15.26 | Q |
| 13 | 4 | 2 | Sycerika McMahon | Ireland | 2:15.46 | Q |
| 14 | 3 | 1 | Victoria Malyutina | Russia | 2:15.85 | Q |
| 15 | 3 | 2 | Yana Martynova | Russia | 2:15.90 |  |
| 16 | 2 | 7 | Amit Ivry | Israel | 2:15.94 | Q |
| 17 | 4 | 6 | Catalina Corró | Spain | 2:16.06 |  |
| 18 | 3 | 8 | Victoria Kaminskaya | Portugal | 2:16.07 | Q |
| 19 | 4 | 7 | Réka György | Hungary | 2:16.22 |  |
| 20 | 3 | 7 | Lara Grangeon | France | 2:16.68 |  |
| 21 | 4 | 1 | Fantine Lesaffre | France | 2:17.15 |  |
| 22 | 2 | 8 | Gizem Bozkurt | Turkey | 2:17.81 |  |
| 23 | 4 | 0 | Noora Laukkanen | Finland | 2:17.90 |  |
| 24 | 1 | 5 | Lisa Stamm | Switzerland | 2:18.43 |  |
| 25 | 2 | 0 | Alyona Kyselyova | Ukraine | 2:18.65 |  |
| 26 | 4 | 8 | Tanja Kylliaeinen | Finland | 2:19.21 |  |
| 27 | 2 | 1 | Alessia Polieri | Italy | 2:20.01 |  |
| 28 | 4 | 9 | Annick van Westendorp | Switzerland | 2:21.58 |  |
| 29 | 3 | 0 | Ana Radič | Croatia | 2:21.73 |  |
| 30 | 1 | 3 | Hilla Kortetjaervi | Finland | 2:22.78 |  |
| 31 | 1 | 4 | Andrea Podmaníková | Slovakia | 2:24.87 |  |

### Semifinals

The semifinals were held at 18:35.

#### Semifinal 1

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 5 | Mireia Belmonte | Spain | 2:11.13 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | Evelyn Verrasztó | Hungary | 2:12.60 | Q |
| 3 | 4 | Lisa Zaiser | Austria | 2:13.14 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | Stina Gardell | Sweden | 2:13.68 | Q |
| 5 | 7 | Stefania Pirozzi | Italy | 2:14.22 |  |
| 6 | 6 | Beatriz Gómez Cortés | Spain | 2:14.43 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Victoria Malyutina | Russia | 2:15.69 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Victoria Kaminskaya | Portugal | 2:15.77 |  |

#### Semifinal 2

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Katinka Hosszú | Hungary | 2:08.41 | Q, CR |
| 2 | 5 | Aimee Willmott | Great Britain | 2:12.39 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Wendy van der Zanden | Netherlands | 2:13.25 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | Barbora Závadová | Czech Republic | 2:13.39 | Q |
| 5 | 6 | Viktoriya Andreeva | Russia | 2:13.97 |  |
| 6 | 7 | Louise Hansson | Sweden | 2:14.11 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Sycerika McMahon | Ireland | 2:14.42 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Amit Ivry | Israel | 2:14.75 |  |

### Final

The final was held at 18:18.

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 4 | Katinka Hosszú | Hungary | 2:08.11 | CR |
|  | 3 | Aimee Willmott | Great Britain | 2:11.44 |  |
|  | 2 | Lisa Zaiser | Austria | 2:12.17 |  |
| 4 | 6 | Evelyn Verrasztó | Hungary | 2:12.95 |  |
| 5 | 1 | Barbora Závadová | Czech Republic | 2:13.24 |  |
| 6 | 8 | Stina Gardell | Sweden | 2:13.25 |  |
| 7 | 7 | Wendy van der Zanden | Netherlands | 2:13.76 |  |
| 8 | 5 | Mireia Belmonte | Spain | 2:18.46 |  |

## InfoBox

| Women's 200 metre individual medley <br>at the Swimming at the 2014 European Aquatics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 20–21 August |
| Competitors | 31 from 19 nations |
| Winning time | 2:08.11 |
| Medalists | |
| Hungary  Great Britain  Austria | |


abstract: The Women's 100 metre butterfly competition of the 2014 European Aquatics Championships was held on 21–22 August.

text:
# Swimming at the 2014 European Aquatics Championships – Women's 100 metre butterfly

The **Women's 100 metre butterfly** competition of the 2014 European Aquatics Championships was held on 21–22 August.

## Records

Prior to the competition, the existing world, European and championship records were as follows.

|  | Name | Nation | Time | Location | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **World record** | Dana Vollmer | United States | 55.98 | London | 28 July 2012 |
| **European record** | Sarah Sjöström | Sweden | 56.06 | Rome | 27 July 2009 |
| **Championship record** | Martina Moravcová | Slovakia | 57.20 | Berlin | 2 August 2002 |

## Results

### Heats

The heats were held at 10:05.

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 3 | 4 | Jeanette Ottesen | Denmark | 57.42 | Q |
| 2 | 4 | 4 | Sarah Sjöström | Sweden | 57.80 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | 5 | Ilaria Bianchi | Italy | 57.84 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | 4 | Inge Dekker | Netherlands | 57.95 | Q |
| 5 | 4 | 5 | Elena di Liddo | Italy | 58.09 | Q |
| 6 | 4 | 7 | Kimberly Buys | Belgium | 58.41 | Q |
| 7 | 2 | 5 | Jemma Lowe | Great Britain | 58.43 | Q |
| 8 | 4 | 6 | Katarína Listopadová | Slovakia | 58.64 | Q |
| 9 | 3 | 2 | Katinka Hosszú | Hungary | 58.87 |  |
| 10 | 4 | 1 | Danielle Villars | Switzerland | 58.91 | Q |
| 11 | 2 | 7 | Marie Wattel | France | 58.95 | Q |
| 12 | 2 | 3 | Alexandra Wenk | Germany | 59.11 | Q |
| 13 | 3 | 7 | Amit Ivry | Israel | 59.24 | Q |
| 14 | 3 | 6 | Silvia Di Pietro | Italy | 59.28 |  |
| 15 | 4 | 2 | Judit Ignacio Sorribes | Spain | 59.36 | Q |
| 16 | 3 | 1 | Béryl Gastaldello | France | 59.69 | Q |
| 17 | 3 | 3 | Evelyn Verrasztó | Hungary | 59.76 |  |
| 18 | 2 | 6 | Louise Hansson | Sweden | 59.79 | Q |
| 19 | 4 | 3 | Svetlana Chimrova | Russia | 59.89 | Q |
| 20 | 4 | 8 | Kristel Vourna | Greece | 1:00.06 |  |
| 21 | 3 | 8 | Keren Siebner | Israel | 1:00.08 |  |
| 22 | 2 | 2 | Aleksandra Gerasimenya | Belarus | 1:00.24 |  |
| 23 | 2 | 8 | Lyubov Korol | Ukraine | 1:00.35 |  |
| 24 | 1 | 3 | Noora Laukkanen | Finland | 1:01.03 |  |
| 25 | 2 | 1 | Melanie Henique | France | 1:01.12 |  |
| 26 | 3 | 0 | Martina van Berkel | Switzerland | 1:01.23 |  |
| 27 | 2 | 0 | Anna Dowgiert | Poland | 1:02.95 |  |
| 28 | 4 | 0 | Ezgi Yazıcı | Turkey | 1:03.00 |  |
| 29 | 4 | 9 | Johanna Silventoinen | Finland | 1:03.19 |  |
| 30 | 1 | 4 | Bianca Raduta | Romania | 1:04.60 |  |
| 31 | 1 | 5 | Amina Kajtaz | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1:05.17 |  |

### Semifinals

The semifinals were held at 18:31.

#### Semifinal 1

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Sarah Sjöström | Sweden | 57.39 | Q |
| 2 | 5 | Inge Dekker | Netherlands | 57.83 | Q |
| 3 | 6 | Katarína Listopadová | Slovakia | 58.53 | Q |
| 4 | 7 | Amit Ivry | Israel | 58.70 |  |
| 5 | 8 | Svetlana Chimrova | Russia | 58.93 |  |
| 6 | 3 | Kimberly Buys | Belgium | 59.07 |  |
| 7 | 2 | Marie Wattel | France | 59.18 |  |
| 8 | 1 | Béryl Gastaldello | France | 59.40 |  |

#### Semifinal 2

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Jeanette Ottesen | Denmark | 57.45 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | Elena di Liddo | Italy | 58.04 | Q |
| 3 | 5 | Ilaria Bianchi | Italy | 58.28 | Q |
| 4 | 6 | Jemma Lowe | Great Britain | 58.34 | Q |
| 5 | 7 | Alexandra Wenk | Germany | 58.59 | Q |
| 6 | 8 | Louise Hansson | Sweden | 58.79 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Judit Ignacio Sorribes | Spain | 59.08 |  |
| 8 | 2 | Danielle Villars | Switzerland | 59.88 |  |

### Final

The final was held at 19:15.

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 5 | Jeanette Ottesen | Denmark | 56.51 | CR |
|  | 4 | Sarah Sjöström | Sweden | 56.52 |  |
|  | 2 | Ilaria Bianchi | Italy | 57.71 |  |
| 4 | 3 | Inge Dekker | Netherlands | 57.72 |  |
| 5 | 6 | Elena di Liddo | Italy | 58.27 |  |
| 6 | 7 | Jemma Lowe | Great Britain | 58.48 |  |
| 7 | 8 | Alexandra Wenk | Germany | 58.59 |  |
| 8 | 1 | Katarína Listopadová | Slovakia | 58.79 |  |

## InfoBox

| Women's 100 metre butterfly <br>at the Swimming at the 2014 European Aquatics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 21–22 August |
| Competitors | 31 from 22 nations |
| Winning time | 56.51 |
| Medalists | |
| Denmark  Sweden  Italy | |


abstract: The men's 200 metre freestyle competition of the swimming events at the 2011 Pan American Games took place on October 18 at the Scotiabank Aquatics Center in the municipality of Zapopan, near Guadalajara, Mexico. The defending Pan American Games champion was Matthew Owen of the United States This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all in freestyle. At this race, Benjamin Hockin gave Paraguay its first medal in the history of swimming at the Pan American Games.

text:
# Swimming at the 2011 Pan American Games – Men's 200 metre freestyle

The **men's 200 metre freestyle** competition of the swimming events at the **2011 Pan American Games** took place on October 18 at the Scotiabank Aquatics Center in the municipality of Zapopan, near Guadalajara, Mexico. The defending Pan American Games champion was Matthew Owen of the United States

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all in freestyle.

At this race, Benjamin Hockin gave Paraguay its first medal in the history of swimming at the Pan American Games.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:

| **World record** | Paul Biedermann (GER) | **1:42.00** | Rome, Italy | July 28, 2009 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Pan American Games record** | Gustavo Borges (BRA) | **1:48.49** | Mar del Plata, Argentina | March 12, 1995 |

## Qualification

Each National Olympic Committee (NOC) was able to enter up to two entrants providing they had met the A standard (1:51.6) in the qualifying period (January 1, 2010 to September 4, 2011). NOCs were also permitted to enter one athlete providing they had met the B standard (1:54.7) in the same qualifying period.

## Results

All times are in minutes and seconds.

| **KEY:** | **q** | Fastest non-qualifiers | **Q** | Qualified | **GR** | Games record | **NR** | National record | **PB** | Personal best | **SB** | Seasonal best |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

### Heats

The first round was held on October 18.

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | 5 | Matthew Patton | United States | 1:50.09 | **QA** |
| 2 | 2 | 4 | Shuane Fraser | Cayman Islands | 1:50.27 | **QA** |
| 3 | 2 | 3 | Benjamin Hockin | Paraguay | 1:50.52 | **QA** |
| 4 | 2 | 5 | Cristian Quintero | Venezuela | 1:50.67 | **QA** |
| 5 | 3 | 4 | Brett Fraser | Cayman Islands | 1:50.75 | **QA** |
| 6 | 1 | 3 | André Schultz | Brazil | 1:50.96 | **QA** |
| 6 | 3 | 3 | Daniele Tirabassi | Venezuela | 1:50.96 | **QA** |
| 8 | 3 | 5 | Douglas Robison | United States | 1:51.29 | **QA** |
| 9 | 1 | 4 | Nicolas Oliveira | Brazil | 1:52.65 | **QB** |
| 10 | 1 | 6 | Martin Kutscher | Uruguay | 1:53.32 | **QB** |
| 11 | 1 | 7 | Gerardo Bañuelos | Mexico | 1:53.92 | **QB** |
| 12 | 3 | 7 | Rual Martinez | Puerto Rico | 1:54.04 | **QB** |
| 13 | 1 | 2 | Gustavo Berretta | Mexico | 1:54.10 | **QB** |
| 14 | 3 | 6 | Mateo de Angulo | Colombia | 1:54.55 | **QB** |
| 15 | 2 | 7 | Francis Despond | Canada | 1:54.70 | **QB** |
| 15 | 2 | 2 | Mario Montoya | Costa Rica | 1:54.70 | **QB** |
| 17 | 3 | 1 | Sebastian Jahnsen | Peru | 1:55.10 |  |
| 18 | 3 | 2 | Shawn Clarke | Barbados | 1:55.77 |  |
| 19 | 2 | 6 | Federico Grabich | Argentina | 1:55.77 |  |
| 20 | 2 | 1 | Kevin Avila | Guatemala | 2:00.47 |  |

### B Final

The B final was also held on October 18.

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 9 | 1 | Mario Montoya | Costa Rica | 1:53.13 |  |
| 10 | 6 | Gustavo Berretta | Mexico | 1:53.16 |  |
| 11 | 5 | Gerardo Bañuelos | Mexico | 1:53.26 |  |
| 12 | 7 | Francis Despond | Canada | 1:53.65 |  |
| 13 | 2 | Mateo de Angulo | Colombia | 1:53.72 |  |
| 14 | 4 | Martin Kutscher | Uruguay | 1:53.89 |  |
| 15 | 3 | Raúl Martínez | Puerto Rico | 1:54.19 |  |
| 16 | 8 | Sebastian Jahnsen | Peru | 1:55.26 |  |

### A Final

The A final was also held on October 18.

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 2 | Brett Fraser | Cayman Islands | 1:47.18 | **GR** |
|  | 5 | Shaune Fraser | Cayman Islands | 1:48.29 |  |
|  | 3 | Benjamin Hockin | Paraguay | 1:48.48 |  |
| 4 | 4 | Matthew Patton | United States | 1:48.64 |  |
| 5 | 8 | Douglas Robison | United States | 1:48.71 |  |
| 6 | 6 | Cristian Quintero | Venezuela | 1:49.44 |  |
| 7 | 1 | André Schultz | Brazil | 1:50.04 |  |
| 8 | 7 | Daniele Tirabassi | Venezuela | 1:52.31 |  |

## InfoBox

| Men's 200 metre freestyle at the 2011 Pan American Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Venue | Scotiabank Aquatics Center |
| Dates | October 18 (preliminaries and finals) |
| Competitors | 20 from 15 nations |
| Medalists | |
| Cayman Islands  Cayman Islands  Paraguay | |
| «2007 2015» | |


title: Czarne railway station

abstract: Czarne railway station is a railway station serving the town of Czarne, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. The station is located on the Chojnice–Runowo Pomorskie railway. The train services are operated by Przewozy Regionalne. The station used to be known as Hamerstein.

text:
# Czarne railway station

**Czarne railway station** is a railway station serving the town of Czarne, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. The station is located on the Chojnice–Runowo Pomorskie railway. The train services are operated by Przewozy Regionalne.

The station used to be known as Hamerstein.

## Train services

The station is served by the following service(s):

* Regional services (R) *Słupsk — Miastko — Szczecinek — Chojnice*
* Regional services (R) *Szczecinek — Chojnice*

| Preceding station | Polregio | | | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Żółtnicatowards Szczecinek or Słupsk |  | PR |  | Domisławtowards Chojnice |

## InfoBox

| Czarne | |
| --- | --- |
| Railway Station | |
| General information | |
| Location | Czarne, Pomeranian Voivodeship<br>Poland |
| Operated by | Przewozy Regionalne |
| Line(s) | 210: Chojnice–Runowo Pomorskie railway |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Tracks | 2 |
| History | |
| Electrified | no |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  CzarneLocation within Poland | |


title: Cyril Potter

abstract: Robert Cyril Gladstone Potter (1899–1981) was an educator and composer from Guyana and the namesake of the Cyril Potter College of Education. He also composed the national anthem of Guyana, Green Land of Guyana. Potter was born at Graham's Hall in Guyana in 1899. He graduated Queen's College, Guyana and from Mico University College in Jamaica and also received an honors B.A. in English from the University of London. Potter then returned to Guyana and taught and served Headmaster at Teachers Training Centre from 1933 to 1941 and then from 1941 to 1945 as acting Master of Queen's College. The teacher's college was later renamed after him as the Cyril Potter College of Education. In 1966 Potter composed the national anthem of Guyana, Green Land of Guyana, Potter died in 1981.

text:
# Cyril Potter

**Robert Cyril Gladstone Potter** (1899–1981) was an educator and composer from Guyana and the namesake of the Cyril Potter College of Education. He also composed the national anthem of Guyana, *Green Land of Guyana*.

Potter was born at Graham's Hall in Guyana in 1899. He graduated Queen's College, Guyana and from Mico University College in Jamaica and also received an honors B.A. in English from the University of London. Potter then returned to Guyana and taught and served Headmaster at Teachers Training Centre from 1933 to 1941 and then from 1941 to 1945 as acting Master of Queen's College. The teacher's college was later renamed after him as the Cyril Potter College of Education. In 1966 Potter composed the national anthem of Guyana, *Green Land of Guyana,* Potter died in 1981.


title: Cyprinus barbatus

abstract: Cyprinus barbatus is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Cyprinus. It is endemic to Lake Erhai in Dali, Yunnan, China. It is negatively impacted by agricultural and domestic pollution and introduced species. The IUCN considers it as critically endangered and possibly extinct, but records as recent as the 2000s (decade) show that it likely does survive.

text:
# Cyprinus barbatus

***Cyprinus barbatus*** is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus *Cyprinus*. It is endemic to Lake Erhai in Dali, Yunnan, China. It is negatively impacted by agricultural and domestic pollution and introduced species. The IUCN considers it as critically endangered and possibly extinct, but records as recent as the 2000s (decade) show that it likely does survive.

## InfoBox

| *Cyprinus barbatus* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically endangered, possibly extinct  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Cyprininae |
| Genus: | *Cyprinus* |
| Species: | ***C. barbatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cyprinus barbatus***
H. L. Chen & H. Q. Huang, 1977 | |
|


title: Curland

abstract: Curland is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated 6 miles (9.7 km) south of Taunton. The village has a population of 225. The parish includes the hamlet of Abbey Hill. Curland is home of a thriving equestrian centre.

text:
# Curland

**Curland** is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated 6 miles (9.7 km) south of Taunton. The village has a population of 225. The parish includes the hamlet of **Abbey Hill**.

Curland is home of a thriving equestrian centre.

## History

The name Curland, which was Curiland in 1252, means land belonging to Curry.

Within the parish is Castle Neroche, a Norman motte-and-bailey castle on the site of an earlier hill fort.

Curland was part of the hundred of Abdick and Bulstone.

## Governance

The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.

For local government purposes, since 1 April 2023, the village comes under the unitary authority of Somerset Council. Prior to this, it was part of the non-metropolitan district of Somerset West and Taunton (formed on 1 April 2019) and, before this, the district of Taunton Deane (established under the Local Government Act 1972). From 1894-1974, for local government purposes, Curland was part of Taunton Rural District.

It is also part of the Taunton and Wellington county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. It was part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament prior to Britain leaving the European Union in January 2020, which elected seven MEPs using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.

## Religious sites

The parish Church of All Saints occupies a prominent position on a hill. It was rebuilt by Benjamin Ferrey in 1856, on the site of an earlier church, but closed in 1970.

The Curland Methodist Chapel has now been converted into a single dwelling.

Media related to Curland at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Curland | |
| --- | --- |
| All Saints Church | |
| Curland Methodist Chapel, which has now been converted into 2 houses | |
| CurlandLocation within Somerset | |
| Population | 225 (2011) |
| OS grid reference | ST275175 |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | TAUNTON |
| Postcode district | TA3 |
| Dialling code | 01823 |
|  | |
| Police | Avon and Somerset |
| Fire | Devon and Somerset |
| Ambulance | South Western |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


abstract: The Men's 50 metre butterfly competition of the 2019 African Games was held on 22 August 2019.

text:
# Swimming at the 2019 African Games – Men's 50 metre butterfly

The **Men's 50 metre butterfly** competition of the 2019 African Games was held on 22 August 2019.

## Records

Prior to the competition, the existing world and championship records were as follows.

|  | Name | Nation | Time | Location | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **World record** | Andriy Govorov | Ukraine | 22.27 | Rome | 1 July 2018 |
| **African record** | Roland Schoeman | South Africa | 22.90 | Rome | 26 July 2009 |
| **Games record** | Chad le Clos | South Africa | 23.51 | Brazzaville | 8 September 2015 |

## Results

### Heats

The heats were started on 22 August at 10:55.

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | 4 | Abdelrahman Elaraby | Egypt | 24.03 | Q |
| 2 | 5 | 5 | Yusuf Tibazi | Morocco | 24.22 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | 4 | Ali Khalafalla | Egypt | 24.25 | Q |
| 4 | 4 | 5 | Douglas Erasmus | South Africa | 24.26 | Q |
| 5 | 5 | 4 | Ryan Coetzee | South Africa | 24.54 | Q |
| 6 | 3 | 5 | Abeiku Jackson | Ghana | 24.62 | Q |
| 7 | 4 | 3 | Ralph Goveia | Zambia | 24.79 | Q |
| 8 | 5 | 3 | Peter Wetzlar | Zimbabwe | 24.87 | Q, **NR** |
| 9 | 3 | 6 | Phillip Adejumo | Nigeria | 25.13 |  |
| 10 | 5 | 2 | Yellow Yeiyah | Nigeria | 25.24 |  |
| 11 | 5 | 7 | Issa Mohamed | Kenya | 25.31 |  |
| 12 | 5 | 6 | Steven Aimable | Senegal | 25.33 | **NR** |
| 13 | 4 | 6 | Niklas Yeboah | Ghana | 25.41 |  |
| 14 | 4 | 2 | Daniel Francisco | Angola | 25.52 |  |
| 15 | 3 | 3 | Souhail Hamouchane | Morocco | 25.58 |  |
| 16 | 4 | 7 | El Hadji Adama Niane | Senegal | 25.63 |  |
| 17 | 3 | 2 | Mathieu Bachmann | Seychelles | 25.99 |  |
| 18 | 5 | 8 | Xander Skinner | Namibia | 26.10 |  |
| 19 | 3 | 7 | Efrem Ghimai | Eritrea | 26.22 |  |
| 20 | 3 | 1 | Ridhwan Mohamed | Kenya | 26.53 |  |
| 20 | 4 | 1 | Filipe Gomes | Malawi | 26.53 |  |
| 22 | 4 | 8 | Andisiwe Tayali | Zimbabwe | 26.83 |  |
| 23 | 3 | 8 | Simon Bachmann | Seychelles | 26.98 |  |
| 24 | 5 | 1 | Adama Ouedraogo | Burkina Faso | 27.17 |  |
| 25 | 2 | 4 | Belly-Crésus Ganira | Burundi | 27.24 |  |
| 26 | 2 | 2 | Kumaren Naidu | Zambia | 27.75 |  |
| 27 | 2 | 3 | Kitso Matija | Botswana | 27.77 |  |
| 28 | 2 | 6 | Ousmane Touré | Mali | 27.88 |  |
| 29 | 2 | 5 | Billy-Scott Irakose | Burundi | 28.27 |  |
| 30 | 2 | 7 | Albachir Mouctar | Niger | 28.55 |  |
| 31 | 1 | 5 | Shala Gekabel | Ethiopia | 28.57 |  |
| 32 | 1 | 3 | Dienov Andres Koka | Republic of the Congo | 29.50 |  |
| 33 | 2 | 1 | Julius Wyse | Sierra Leone | 30.01 |  |
| 34 | 1 | 4 | Eméric Kpegba | Togo | 32.33 |  |

### Final

The final was started on 22 August at 17:00.

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 4 | Abdelrahman Elaraby | Egypt | 23.81 |  |
|  | 3 | Ali Khalafalla | Egypt | 23.88 |  |
|  | 2 | Ryan Coetzee | South Africa | 24.04 |  |
| 4 | 6 | Douglas Erasmus | South Africa | 24.05 |  |
| 5 | 5 | Yusuf Tibazi | Morocco | 24.15 |  |
| 6 | 8 | Peter Wetzlar | Zimbabwe | 24.46 | **NR** |
| 7 | 7 | Abeiku Jackson | Ghana | 24.50 |  |
| 8 | 1 | Ralph Goveia | Zambia | 24.90 |  |

## InfoBox

| Men's 50 metre butterfly <br>at the 2019 African Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Mohammed V Sports Complex – Olympic Pool |
| Dates | 22 August (heats and final) |
| Competitors | 34 from 14 nations |
| Winning time | 23.81 |
| Medalists | |
| Egypt  Egypt  South Africa | |
|


abstract: The Men's 50 metre backstroke competition of the 2019 African Games was held on 23 August 2019.

text:
# Swimming at the 2019 African Games – Men's 50 metre backstroke

The **Men's 50 metre backstroke** competition of the 2019 African Games was held on 23 August 2019.

## Records

Prior to the competition, the existing world and championship records were as follows.

|  | Name | Nation | Time | Location | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **World record** | Kliment Kolesnikov | Russia | 24.00 | Glasgow | 4 August 2018 |
| **African record** | Gerhard Zandberg | South Africa | 24.34 | Rome | 2 August 2009 |
| **Games record** | Gerhard Zandberg | South Africa | 25.68 | Algiers | 16 July 2007 |

The following new records were set during this competition.

| Date | Event | Name | Nation | Time | Record |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 23 August | Final | Mohamed Samy | Egypt | 25.26 | **GR** |

## Results

### Heats

The heats were started on 23 August at 11:25.

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2 | 5 | Abdellah Ardjoune | Algeria | 25.88 | Q **NR** |
| 2 | 2 | 4 | Driss Lahrichi | Morocco | 25.93 | Q **=NR** |
| 3 | 3 | 4 | Mohamed Samy | Egypt | 26.15 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | 3 | Mohamed Bouhamdi | Algeria | 26.46 | Q |
| 5 | 3 | 6 | Merwane El Merini | Morocco | 26.93 | Q |
| 6 | 1 | 4 | Ali Khalafalla | Egypt | 27.08 | Q |
| 7 | 1 | 5 | Martin Binedell | South Africa | 27.20 | Q |
| 8 | 1 | 3 | Neil Fair | South Africa | 27.22 | Q |
| 9 | 2 | 3 | Jason Arthur | Ghana | 27.46 |  |
| 10 | 3 | 5 | Steven Aimable | Senegal | 27.71 |  |
| 11 | 2 | 6 | Niklas Yeboah | Ghana | 28.20 |  |
| 12 | 2 | 2 | Efrem Ghimai | Eritrea | 28.44 |  |
| 13 | 1 | 6 | Gregory Anodin | Mauritius | 28.61 |  |
| 14 | 2 | 7 | Simon Bachmann | Seychelles | 29.01 |  |
| 15 | 1 | 2 | Andisiwe Tayali | Zimbabwe | 29.29 |  |
| 16 | 1 | 7 | Swaleh Talib | Kenya | 29.50 |  |
| 17 | 3 | 7 | Ayman Khatoun | Zimbabwe | 29.54 |  |
| 18 | 3 | 1 | Seydoli Alaassan | Niger | 30.02 |  |
| 19 | 3 | 8 | Jamalke Gnakobo | Ethiopia | 34.29 |  |
| 20 | 3 | 2 | El Hadji Adama Niane | Senegal | 39.48 |  |

### Final

The final was started on 23 August at 17:00.

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 3 | Mohamed Samy | Egypt | 25.26 | **GR** |
|  | 4 | Abdellah Ardjoune | Algeria | 25.61 | **NR** |
|  | 5 | Driss Lahrichi | Morocco | 26.12 |  |
| 4 | 1 | Martin Binedell | South Africa | 26.64 |  |
| 5 | 6 | Mohamed Bouhamdi | Algeria | 26.67 |  |
| 6 | 7 | Ali Khalafalla | Egypt | 26.88 |  |
| 7 | 2 | Merwane El Merini | Morocco | 27.11 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Neil Fair | South Africa | 27.12 |  |

## InfoBox

| Men's 50 metre backstroke <br>at the 2019 African Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Mohammed V Sports Complex – Olympic Pool |
| Dates | 23 August (heats and final) |
| Competitors | 20 from 13 nations |
| Winning time | 25.26 |
| Medalists | |
| Egypt  Algeria  Morocco | |
|


title: Czerwonak

abstract: Czerwonak is a village in Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Czerwonak. It lies on the east bank of the Warta River, approximately 9 km (6 mi) north-east of the regional capital Poznań, on the main road and railway line leading to Murowana Goślina, Skoki and Wągrowiec. In 2006 Czerwonak had a population of 5,432. The village of Koziegłowy, which borders Czerwonak to the south, has an even larger population. Czerwonak adjoins the protected forest area known as Puszcza Zielonka Landscape Park. About 2 kilometres (1 mi) north-east of the village is the hill and observation tower of Dziewicza Góra, which is the Park's highest point.

text:
# Czerwonak

**Czerwonak** \[t͡ʂɛrˈvɔnak\] is a village in Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Czerwonak. It lies on the east bank of the Warta River, approximately 9 km (6 mi) north-east of the regional capital Poznań, on the main road and railway line leading to Murowana Goślina, Skoki and Wągrowiec.

In 2006 Czerwonak had a population of 5,432. The village of Koziegłowy, which borders Czerwonak to the south, has an even larger population.

Czerwonak adjoins the protected forest area known as Puszcza Zielonka Landscape Park. About 2 kilometres (1 mi) north-east of the village is the hill and observation tower of Dziewicza Góra, which is the Park's highest point.

## InfoBox

| Czerwonak | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Czerwonak | |
| Coordinates: 52°28′11″N 16°58′51″E / 52.46972°N 16.98083°E / 52.46972; 16.98083 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Poznań |
| Gmina | Czerwonak |
| Population | 5,432 |


title: Davivienda

abstract: Davivienda is a Colombian bank founded on August 1, 1972, which renders services to individuals, companies, and the rural sector. Currently, it is part of Grupo Bolivar and it is the third-largest bank in Colombia by assets and profits.

text:
# Davivienda

**Davivienda** is a Colombian bank founded on August 1, 1972, which renders services to individuals, companies, and the rural sector. Currently, it is part of Grupo Bolivar and it is the third-largest bank in Colombia by assets and profits.

## History

The Corporación Colombiana de Ahorro y Vivienda, Coldeahorro, was created in August 1972. It opened its doors to the public on November 15, 1972, with the main branch in Bogotá, and one branch in each of the cities of Medellín, Cali, and Barranquilla.

On January 30, 1973, Coldeahorro changed its name to Corporación Colombiana de Ahorro y Vivienda, Davivienda.

On July 1, 1997, Davivienda became Banco Davivienda S.A. and in May 2006, it merged with Banco Superior. In 2006, it purchased Granbanco S.A - Bancafé from the Colombian government for US$2.2 billion, outbidding Banco de Bogotá by US$327 million. The acquisition allowed Davivienda to expand its business in the corporate and agricultural markets.

Davivienda has used the "Casita Roja" (small red house) as a national and international logo since 1973. In 1994, the company introduced the "*su dinero puede estar en el lugar equivocado*" (your money may be in the wrong place) tag line as part of its advertising campaigns.

Davivienda purchased the Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Honduras operations of HSBC in 2012.

In 2010, Davivienda received permission from the United States Federal Reserve to operate a branch in Miami, Florida. The branch opened in 2011.

On November 6, 2021, Davivienda announces that Rappi Bank will arrive in Colombia in 2022 in alliance with Rappi, an entity that would absorb the 760,000 Rappi Pay customers and more than 100,000 RappiCard credit card customers in Colombia.

Davivienda is a compound of "da Vivienda," which is Spanish for "providing a dwelling".

## InfoBox

Banco Davivienda S.A.
|
|  |
|
| Company type | Sociedad Anónima |
| Traded as | BVC: PFDAVVNDA |
| Industry | Finance |
| Founded | August 1, 1972 (48 years) |
| Headquarters | Bogotá, Colombia |
| Area served | Colombia, Panamá, Costa Rica, Honduras, El Salvador,<br>United States (Florida) |
| Key people | Efrain Enrique Forero Fonseca, (chairman) |
| Products | Banking |
| Revenue | US$3.3 billion (2016) |
| Net income | US$563 million (2016) |
| Total assets | US$31.2 billion (2016) |
| Number of employees | 10,683 |
| Parent | Sociedades Bolívar |
| Website | www.davivienda.com |


title: Velopharyngeal inadequacy

abstract: Velopharyngeal inadequacy is a malfunction of a velopharyngeal mechanism which is responsible for directing the transmission of sound energy and air pressure in both the oral cavity and the nasal cavity. When this mechanism is impaired in some way, the valve does not fully close, and a condition known as "velopharyngeal inadequacy" can develop. VPI can either be congenital or acquired later in life.

text:
# Velopharyngeal inadequacy

**Velopharyngeal inadequacy** is a malfunction of a velopharyngeal mechanism which is responsible for directing the transmission of sound energy and air pressure in both the oral cavity and the nasal cavity. When this mechanism is impaired in some way, the valve does not fully close, and a condition known as "velopharyngeal inadequacy" can develop. VPI can either be congenital or acquired later in life.

## Presentation

### Relationship to cleft palate

A cleft palate is one of the most common causes of VPI. Cleft palate is an anatomical abnormality that occurs in utero and is present at birth. This malformation can affect the lip and palate, or the palate only. A cleft palate can affect the mobility of the velopharyngeal valve, thereby resulting in VPI.

## Causes

While cleft is the most common cause of VPI, other significant etiologies exist. These other causes are outlined in the chart below:

## Diagnosis

### Classification

The most frequent types of cleft palates are overt, submucous, and occult submucous.

## Treatment

A common method to treat Velopharyngeal insufficiency is pharyngeal flap surgery, where tissue from the back of the mouth is used to close part of the gap. Other ways of treating velopharyngeal insufficiency is by placing a posterior nasopharyngeal wall implant (commonly cartilage or collagen) or type of soft palate lengthening procedure (i.e. VY palatoplasty).

## Inadequacy, insufficiency and incompetency

Velopharyngeal *insufficiency* or *incompetency* are related labels for this phenomenon, in addition to most common generic- *velopharyngeal* *inadequacy*. Velopharyngeal insufficiency is the inability of the velopharyngeal sphincter to sufficiently separate the nasal cavity from the oral cavity during speech. *Velopharyngeal incompetency* occurs when the soft palate and the lateral/posterior pharyngeal walls fail to separate the oral cavity from the nasal cavity during speech. Although the definitions are similar, the etiologies correlated with each term differ slightly. However, in the field of medical professionals these terms are typically used interchangeably.

* Conley SF, Gosain AK, Marks SM, Larson DL (1997). "Identification and assessment of velopharyngeal inadequacy". *Am J Otolaryngol*. **18** (1): 38–46. doi:10.1016/S0196-0709(97)90047-8. PMID 9006676.
* Johns DF, Rohrich RJ, Awada M (2003). "Velopharyngeal incompetence: a guide for clinical evaluation". *Plast. Reconstr. Surg*. **112** (7): 1890–7, quiz 1898, 1982. doi:10.1097/01.PRS.0000091245.32905.D5. PMID 14663236.
* McWilliams, Betty Jane; Peterson-Falzone, Sally J.; Hardin-Jones, Mary A.; Karnell, Michael P. (2001). *Cleft palate speech*. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 0-8151-3153-4.
* Hardin-Jones, Mary A.; Peterson-Falzone, Sally J.; Judith Trost-Cardamone; Karnell, Michael P. (2005). *The Clinician's Guide to Treating Cleft Palate Speech*. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book. ISBN 0-323-02526-9.
* Willging JP (1999). "Velopharyngeal insufficiency". *Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol*. **49** (Suppl 1): S307–9. doi:10.1016/S0165-5876(99)00182-2. PMID 10577827.

## InfoBox

| Velopharyngeal inadequacy | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | VPI |
| Specialty | Oral and maxillofacial surgery |


title: Cara Augustenborg

abstract: Cara Aisling Augustenborg is an American and Irish environmental scientist, media pundit, assistant professor at University College Dublin and a member of Ireland's Climate Change Advisory Council and President Michael D. Higgins' Council of State.

text:
# Cara Augustenborg

**Cara Aisling Augustenborg** (born 1978) is an American and Irish environmental scientist, media pundit, assistant professor at University College Dublin and a member of Ireland's Climate Change Advisory Council and President Michael D. Higgins' Council of State.

## Early life and education

Augustenborg was born in 1978 in Germany where her father, who has Danish ancestry, was stationed as a United States Air Force fighter pilot; her mother is from County Kerry, Ireland. In her childhood she lived in Pennsylvania, Saudi Arabia and New Orleans before the family settled near the Hanford Site, a nuclear power plant in Washington state, United States, where she attended high school. She has a BSc in biochemistry from the University of Washington and an MSc in Environmental Health Sciences and Ph.D. in Environmental Science and Engineering from University of California, Los Angeles. Her 2007 dissertation was titled *Nitrogen recycling for the sustainability of Irish agriculture*. Irwin Suffet was her committee chair.

She moved to Ireland in 2003 with a Fulbright Scholarship to do research at Teagasc in County Wexford, and in 2007 moved to do post-doctoral research at Trinity College Dublin's School of Business and University College Dublin's School of Agriculture. She has both Irish and American citizenship.

## Career

Since 2011 Augustenborg has led her own consultancy company, Impact Research Management, based in Bray.

In 2014, Augustenborg was an unsuccessful candidate for the Green Party in Irish local elections.

Augustenborg was chair of Friends of the Earth Europe from 2015 to 2019, and of Friends of the Earth Ireland from 2015 to 2017.

Augustenborg is an assistant professor in landscape studies and environmental policy in the school of architecture, planning and environmental policy at University College Dublin, appointed in 2021.

In 2019, she was appointed by Michael D. Higgins as one of the seven presidential nominees on the Irish Council of State, a body which advises the president. In 2021 she was appointed by Eamon Ryan to the Climate Change Advisory Council.

She writes a blog as "The Verdant Yank", which was awarded "Best Irish Current Affairs and Politics blog" in the 2016 Littlewoods Ireland Blog Awards. She hosts a weekly podcast "Down To Earth" on Newstalk.

She was named as "Woman of Influence" in the 2020 Irish Women's Awards.

## Personal life

Augustenborg was married to Irishman Mark Hughes but the marriage ended in 2016. She lives in Bray, County Wicklow, and has one child. She has said that "If I could change one thing in our society, I would take over the airwaves for a week of non- stop climate content." and that the best advice ever given to her was "Good enough is good enough".


title: Sefwi Debiso

abstract: Sefwi Debiso is a town in the Bia West District in the Western North Region of Ghana. It is a central town located between three major towns: Essam, Sefwi Adabokrom and Adwuofua. Because of rapid expansion, Debiso has conurbated with the nearby Community Essam. Presently, Sefwi Debiso & Essam serve as co-capitals of the Bia West District. There are direct distant routes from Debiso to major towns such as Kumasi, Berekum, Mim Ahafo, Sefwi-Wiawso and republic of Ivory Coast. Debiso is known for producing cocoa and timber. Debiso is also noted for the Bia National Park.

text:
# Sefwi Debiso

**Sefwi Debiso** is a town in the Bia West District in the Western North Region of Ghana. It is a central town located between three major towns: Essam, Sefwi Adabokrom and Adwuofua. Because of rapid expansion, Debiso has conurbated with the nearby Community Essam. Presently, Sefwi Debiso & Essam serve as co-capitals of the Bia West District. There are direct distant routes from Debiso to major towns such as Kumasi, Berekum, Mim Ahafo, Sefwi-Wiawso and republic of Ivory Coast. Debiso is known for producing cocoa and timber. Debiso is also noted for the Bia National Park.

## History

The settlement of Sefwi-Debiso was founded on hunting expedition. By 1890s, large number of people travelled to this area to hunt for bush meat ( wild animals) as a commercial activity. The preserved meat were smoked and sent to places like Dunkwa-On-Offin, Mim Ahafo and Berekum for market. In the early 1900s, a new wave of migrants came to settle in **Debiso** not because of hunting and game(bush meat) activities but people who were in search of the then lucrative rubber tree(funtumia elastic) and the vine form of it ( (landolphia warensis). The forest region of Debiso was populated with the wild rubber trees. Influx of people from Fante, Akyem, Assin, Denkyira and as far as Sierra Leone came to occupy available lands to pursue the rubber plantation business where by the sap of the wild rubber tree were corrected and sent to the coastal areas to trade with the Europeans. From the 1920s, another wave of migrants began to settle in **Debiso** for the cultivation of cocoa. Among the migrants who came to engage in cocoa farming activities were the Asantes, Bonos, Kusasis and Ewes. Presently, Debiso host to more migrant farmers than the indigenous farmers.

## Economy

**Agriculture:** The fundamental occupation of residents of Debiso is farming, which is cultivation of cash crops and food crops. The predominant cash crops grown in this area is cocoa.In terms of employment and income generation, with about 80% of the working population engaged in this sector which constitutes the main source of household income. There are three (3) prominent types of farming activities in this area are livestock farming, food and cash crop farming. The most predominant amongst these cash crop productions is cocoa which constitute a greater percentage of the farmers in Debiso and surrounding communities.

## Tourism

Debiso has quite a number of potential tourist attractions including the Bia National Park, Monumental Stones, and the Yam Festival Alluolue Festival.

## Festival

The chiefs and people of Sefwi Debiso traditional area cerebrate the Alluolue Festival. This festival is celebrated to mark an event that took place in the past. The festival is claimed to bring together people for the planning of development and sew bonds of unity and friendship. During the festival, visitors are welcomed to share food and drinks. The people put on traditional clothes and there is durbar of chiefs. There is also dancing and drumming.

## Education

Notable educational institutions in Debiso are:Bia Senior High & Technical school and Bia Lamplighter College of Education.

1. https://mofep.gov.gh/sites/default/files/composite-budget/2021/WN/Bia-West.pdf
2. December 30, Maxwell; Pm, 2019 at 12:56 (May 4, 2015). "Bia National Park Ghana".`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
3. Falola, Toyin; Essien, Kwame (October 8, 2013). *Pan-Africanism, and the Politics of African Citizenship and Identity*. Routledge. ISBN 9781135005191  via Google Books.
4. https://mofep.gov.gh/sites/default/files/composite-budget/2021/WN/Bia-West.pdf
5. "The Consulate General Of The Republic of GHANA in The United Arab Emirates (Dubai)". *www.ghanaconsulatedubai.com*. Retrieved 2020-08-21.
6. "Major Festivals". *www.ghanaembassyiran.com*. Retrieved 2020-08-21.
7. "Bia Senior High Technical". *www.schoolsingh.com*. Retrieved 21 August 2021.

## InfoBox

| Sefwi Debiso | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Sefwi Debiso | |
| Coordinates: 6°39′41″N 3°05′35″W / 6.6615°N 3.093°W / 6.6615; -3.093 | |
| Country | Ghana |
| Region | Western North Region |
| District | Bia West District |
| Time zone | GMT |
| Summer (DST) | GMT |


title: Selimiye, Merzifon

abstract: Selimiye is a village in the Merzifon District, Amasya Province, Turkey. Its population is 47 (2021). In 2005 it passed from the Amasya District to the Merzifon District.

text:
# Selimiye, Merzifon

**Selimiye** is a village in the Merzifon District, Amasya Province, Turkey. Its population is 47 (2021). In 2005 it passed from the Amasya District to the Merzifon District.

## InfoBox

| Selimiye | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Amasya |
| District | Merzifon |
| Population (2021) | 47 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Semecarpus nigroviridis

abstract: Semecarpus nigroviridis is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. Its native range includes Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Borneo.

text:
# Semecarpus nigroviridis

***Semecarpus nigroviridis*** is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. Its native range includes Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Borneo.

## InfoBox

| *Semecarpus nigroviridis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Anacardiaceae |
| Genus: | *Semecarpus* |
| Species: | ***S. nigroviridis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Semecarpus nigroviridis***
Thwaites | |
|