title: Penelope (horse)

abstract: Penelope (1798–1824) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse. She won sixteen of her twenty-four races, including two Oatlands Stakes, the Jockey-Club Plate and she beat Oaks and Derby winner Eleanor. She was bred and owned by Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton. After retiring from racing she became an influential broodmare, foaling Derby winners Whalebone and Whisker and 1000 Guineas winner Whizgig.

text:
# Penelope (horse)

**Penelope** (17981824) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse. She won sixteen of her twenty-four races, including two Oatlands Stakes, the Jockey-Club Plate and she beat Oaks and Derby winner Eleanor. She was bred and owned by Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton. After retiring from racing she became an influential broodmare, foaling Derby winners Whalebone and Whisker and 1000 Guineas winner Whizgig.

## Background

Penelope was a bay filly bred by Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, and foaled in 1798. She was sired by Claret Stakes winner Trumpator, who after retiring from racing became British Champion sire in 1803. Amongst his other progeny were Champion sire Sorcerer and Epsom Derby winner Didelot. Penelope's dam, Prunella, was a top broodmare and a daughter of the undefeated Highflyer. Prunella won three races, including a Sweepstakes of 200 guineas each at Newmarket. She also foaled Derby winner Pope and Oaks winner Pelisse. All of Prunella's daughters who lived to produce a foal became top broodmares in their own right. Her daughters Parasol, Pledge, Pawn, Pope Joan and Prudence all foaled Classic winners. Penelope was Prunella's second foal.

## Racing career

### 1801: Three-year-old season

Penelope made her first racecourse appearance on 22 April 1801 at Newmarket, where she beat a Trumpator colt and a Buzzard colt in a Sweepstakes of 100 guineas each over one mile. She had started as the outsider of the three runner field at 5/2. At Newmarket's Second spring meeting in May she raced in a £50 race for three-year-olds over one mile. Eleven horses started the race, with Paulo starting as the favourite at 5/2 and Penelope and the brother to Spear next in the betting at 5/1. Peneolpe won the race from a brother to Spear, with Paulo finishing in third place. Racing away from Newmarket for the first time on 7 July, she won the King's Purse at Ipswich. She faced a Pot-8-Os filly and Thais in a race consisting of two-mile heats. Penelope won both heats, therefore winning the race.

Penelope returned to Newmarket later in the month and beat Thais and Ostrich in the Town Plate, a race run over a distance of just under one mile and two furlongs. Penelope had started the race as the odds-on favourite. She then won another Town Plate at Newmarket's First October meeting. In the two-mile race she beat five rivals after starting as the 1/3 favourite. Her final race of the season was the October Oatlands Stakes, a race run over one mile, also at Newmarket. She started the seven runner race as the 5/4 favourite and duly won. Beating Striver into second place, with Chippenham third and Vivaldi fourth.

### 1802: Four-year-old season

Penelope was defeated for the first time in the first class of the Oatlands Stakes in April 1802. She started the race as the 3/1 favourite and finished in third place of the nine runners, behind winner Lignum Vitae and runner-up Wilkes. She was then due to face Informer in a match race, but Informer pulled out of the race, paying a 20 guineas forfeit. In May she won a Sweepstakes of 15 guineas each over one mile at Newmarket, beating Friday into second place. Penelope didn't race during the summer and returned to Newmarket in October for a Sweepstakes of 100 guineas each. Marianne won the race, with Penelope finishing second and Gaoler third. The following day she lost a race for one-third of a subscription of 25 guineas each to Epsom Derby winner Eleanor. Penelope finished the race in second, ahead of a sister to Gouty. In her last race of the season she finished fifth in the October Oatlands Stakes. The race was won by Rebel, from Eagle in second.

### 1803: Five-year-old season

On her seasonal reappearance, Penelope beat Duxbury in a match race. Again racing at Newmarket, she finished second to Orange-flower in a Sweepstakes of 100 guineas each. In July she was the runner-up to Rumbo in a £50 race at Newmarket. In October she won a Subscription of 5 guineas each, beating Surprize, Lignum and two others. At the second October meeting she beat Eleanor and Malta to win a race for one-third of a subscription of 25 guineas each. Eleanor had started the four-mile, one and a half furlong race as the 4/6 favourite, with Penelope at 7/4. At the end of October she beat Viscount Sackville's Whirligig in a 100 guineas match race.

### 1804: Six-year-old season

Penelope reappeared in April 1804 for the first class of the Oatlands Stakes. She started as the favourite of the six runners and won the race from Chippenham, who was followed by Brighton. Penelope was due to face Eagle later in the month at the first spring meeting, but Eagle paid a forfeit and withdrew from the race. At the meeting, she did, however, beat Eleanor in the King Plate for mares. The race was run over 3 miles and 6+12 furlongs, with Penelope favoured in the betting. The following day she faced St. Leger winner Quiz and Montalto in a £50 race run over the three-mile Dutton's course. Quiz started the race as the 11/10 favourite, with Penelope at 6/5. Penelope won the race from Quiz. In May, at Newmarket's second spring meeting she beat Dick Andrews in the Jockey-Club Plate. Penelope was the favourite for the four-mile, one and a half furlong race. On 1 October at Newmarket, she lost a match to Bobtail over a mile and a quarter. Later in the day she finished runner-up to Sir Harry Dimsdale in a subscription of 5 guineas each. Eleanor finished the race in third place, with Rumbo fourth. At the Houghton meeting she beat Bobtail in a four-mile, one and a half furlong match race.

### 1805: Seven-year-old season

At the Newmarket Craven meeting in April 1805 Penelope lost a 200 guinea match race to Walton, who was carrying one pound less than Penelope. She was then retired to the Duke of Grafton's stud to become a broodmare.

## Stud career

Penelope's son WhalebonePenelope's son Whisker

As a broodmare, Penelope produced thirteen foals. They were:

* **Waxy filly** – a bay filly foaled in 1806 and sired by Waxy.
* **Whalebone** – a brown stallion foaled in 1807 and sired by Waxy. As a three-year-old he won the Newmarket Stakes and Epsom Derby in 1810. He was later Champion sire, with his progeny including Camel, Caroline, Lap-dog, Sir Hercules and Spaniel.
* **Web** – a bay mare foaled in 1808 and sired by Waxy. She foaled Riddlesworth Stakes winner Glenartney and Derby winner Middleton and Trampoline. Foundation mare of family 1-s
* **Woful** – a bay stallion foaled in 1809 and sired by Waxy. He won several races and sired the classic winning fillies Arab, Augusta and Zinc.
* **Wilful** – a chestnut filly foaled in 1810 and sired by Waxy. She was sent to Ireland.
* **Wire** – a brown filly foaled in 1811 and sired by Waxy. She was sent to Ireland.
* **Whisker** – a bay stallion foaled in 1812 and sired by Waxy. He won several races, including the 1815 Derby and the Port Stakes. Along with many good broodmares he sired St. Leger winners Memnon and The Colonel.
* **1813 Barren to Vandyke**
* **Waterloo** – a bay colt foaled in 1814 and sired by Walton. He won the Newmarket St. Leger.
* **1815 Barren to Selim**
* **Wildfire** – a bay colt foaled in 1816 and sired by Waxy. He was sent to Germany where he died in 1834.
* **Windfall** – a chestnut gelding foaled in 1817 and sired by Waxy.
* **1818 Barren to Waxy**
* **Whizgig** – a chestnut mare foaled in 1819 and sired by Rubens. She won the 1000 Guineas in 1822 and was the dam of Oaks winner Oxygen.
* **1820 Barren to Rubens**
* **1821 Barren to Scud**
* **Waltz** – a chestnut filly foaled in 1822 and sired by Election.
* **Wamba** – a bay colt foaled in 1823 and sired by Merlin.
* **1824 Not Covered in 1823**

Penelope's daughters were so influential that she was later named the foundation mare of family 1-o. Families 1-p, 1-r, 1-s, 1-t, 1-u, 1-w and 1-x all trace back to her. She died in early 1824.

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Penelope, bay mare, 1798
| Sire
Trumpator (GB)
bl. 1782 | Conductor (GB)
ch. 1767 | Matchem
b. 1748 | Cade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | *Partner mare* |
| | *Snap mare*
1762 | Snap* |
| | *Cullen Arabian mare* |
| | Brunette (GB)
br. 1771 | Squirrel
b. 1754 | Traveller |
| | | Grey Bloody Buttocks |
| | Dove
1764 | Matchless |
| | *Ancaster Starling mare* |
| Dam
Prunella (GB)
b. 1788 | Highflyer (GB)
b. 1774 | Herod
b. 1758 | Tartar |
| | | Cypron |
| | Rachel
1763 | Blank* |
| | *Regulus mare* |
| | Promise (GB)
br. 1768 | Snap*
br. 1750 | Snip |
| | | *Fox mare* |
| | Julia
b. 1756 | Blank* |
| | *Partner mare* |

*Note: b. = Bay, bl. = Black, br. = Brown, ch. = Chestnut*

* Penelope was inbred 3x4 to Snap. This means that the stallion appears once in the third generation and once in the fourth generation of her pedigree. She was also inbred and 4x4 to Blank.

## InfoBox

| Penelope | |
| --- | --- |
| Painting of Penelope | |
| Sire | Trumpator |
| Grandsire | Conductor |
| Dam | Prunella |
| Damsire | Highflyer |
| Sex | Mare |
| Foaled | 1798 |
| Country | Great Britain |
| Colour | Bay |
| Breeder | 3rd Duke of Grafton |
| Owner | 3rd Duke of Grafton
4th Duke of Grafton |
| Record | 25: 16-7-1 |
| Major wins | |
| Sweepstakes of 100 gs at Newmarket (1801)
Ipswich King's Purse (1801)
October Oatlands Stakes (1801)
One-third Subscription of 25 gs (1803)
First Class of Oatlands Stakes (1804)
Newmarket King's Plate for mares (1804)
£50 Subscription at Newmarket (1804)
Jockey-Club Plate (1804) | |
| Honours | |
| Prix Penelope at Saint-Cloud Racecourse | |


title: Devhare

abstract: Devhare is in Mandangad taluka about 210 km from Mumbai by road. All state transport buses go through the Devhare. Devhare is scenic and surrounded with hills. The normal temperature of Devhare is around 26 °C. In month of April and may go around 42 degrees. Devhare is relatively undiscovered as a tourist destination. The Scenic beach of Kelshi is about 15 km from Devhare. A ferry from Bankot can take you to Harihareshwar and Shriwardhan, the ferry ride is very scenic. Marathi is the common language here. Some people also know Hindi and English. All the festivals are celebrated with great enthusiasm and a spirit of togetherness. Gauri Ganapati and Magh Chaturthi are the most important events in the entire Konkan region. Holi, Gudi Padva and Diwali are well celebrated here, too. Since Konkan is a pilgrimage destination, non - vegetarian food is a little rare. But on the outskirts of devhare fish curry, rice and kokam kadhi are available. Vegetable curries are also very tasty, prepared with a coconut base. "Modak", the favorite sweet meat of Lord Ganesh, is also available. The Konkan coast is rich in horticulture with delicious exotic fruits, particularly the Ratnagiri "Happoos" mangoes. These are also turned into sweet preparations like Ambapoli and Phanaspoli.

text:
# Devhare

**Devhare** is in Mandangad taluka about 210 km from Mumbai by road. All state transport buses go through the Devhare. Devhare is scenic and surrounded with hills. The normal temperature of Devhare is around 26 °C. In month of April and may go around 42 degrees. Devhare is relatively undiscovered as a tourist destination. The Scenic beach of Kelshi is about 15 km from Devhare. A ferry from Bankot can take you to Harihareshwar and Shriwardhan, the ferry ride is very scenic.

Marathi is the common language here. Some people also know Hindi and English.

All the festivals are celebrated with great enthusiasm and a spirit of togetherness. Gauri Ganapati and Magh Chaturthi are the most important events in the entire Konkan region. Holi, Gudi Padva and Diwali are well celebrated here, too.

Since Konkan is a pilgrimage destination, non - vegetarian food is a little rare. But on the outskirts of devhare fish curry, rice and kokam kadhi are available. Vegetable curries are also very tasty, prepared with a coconut base. "Modak", the favorite sweet meat of Lord Ganesh, is also available.

The Konkan coast is rich in horticulture with delicious exotic fruits, particularly the Ratnagiri "Happoos" mangoes. These are also turned into sweet preparations like Ambapoli and Phanaspoli (pancakes of dried mango and jackfruit respectively).

## Attractions

* **Devhare swayamboo shankar mandir**: The swayamboo mandir of lord shiva is famous for ancient sculptures and rock cut monuments. The surrounding area of mandir is full of greenery and is peaceful.
* **Durgadi Hill** is famous for its magnified height. You must see all places in devhare through Durgadi Hill.
* **hanuman mandir** it is also great attraction of devhare.
* In devhare there are 8 well, 4 lack, and 3 big dam.

## Climate

The coastal climate is mostly hot and humid but it is healthy and devoid of pollution. The temperature is at its peak (around 38 °C) in the month of March. The monsoon season is between June and October. The rains are regular here. The climate is pleasant in winter and the temperature often falls at night.

## InfoBox

| Devhare | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| Country | India |
| State | Maharashtra |
| District | Ratnagiri |
| Languages | |
| Official | Marathi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | MH- |


title: Dexter Very

abstract: Dexter W. Very was an American college football player for the Penn State Nittany Lions football team of Pennsylvania State University.

text:
# Dexter Very

**Dexter W. Very** (November 27, 1889  September 27, 1980) was an American college football player for the Penn State Nittany Lions football team of Pennsylvania State University.

## Biography

Very started at right end for the Nittany Lions in every game from 1909 to 1912. During that time, Penn State was undefeated in 1909, 1911 and 1912, while losing just two games in 1910.

Very was elected as the team's captain in 1911, and helped the Nittany Lions defeat the Penn Quakers, for its first victory over Penn in 18 years. That game he stripped the Quakers' Ray Mercer of the football and ran it back for a Penn State touchdown. In 1912, Very scored nine touchdowns in eight games. He never wore a helmet while playing. He was also the Middle Atlantic wrestling champion in 1915 at 158lbs.

After college, he worked as a manufacturer's representative in Pittsburgh and also worked as a football official. He officiated the 1927 Georgia vs. Yale football game. On January 2, 1933, Very officiated the Rose Bowl.

## Early years

Very was born in Fairdale, Greene County, in southwestern Pennslyvania. In 1907, he graduated from the Scotland Orphan Industrial School, in Scotland, Pennsylvania, which was later renamed the Scotland School for Veterans' Children.

For two years, before he enrolled at Penn State, Very attended Mercersburg Academy in Mercersburg, Pennsylvania.

## Later years and death

Very was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1976. He died on September 27, 1980.

## InfoBox

Dexter Very
| Very at Penn State | |
| --- | --- |
| Penn State Nittany Lions | |
| Position | End |
| Class | Graduate |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1889-11-27)November 27, 1889
Fairdale, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died: | September 27, 1980(1980-09-27) (aged 90)
State College, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Weight | 165 lb (75 kg) |
| Career history | |
| College |  |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| College Football Hall of Fame (1976) | |
|  | |


title: Dessine-moi un mouton

abstract: "Dessine-moi un mouton" is a 1999 song recorded by French singer-songwriter Mylène Farmer, first in a studio version, then in a live version during her 1999 concert Mylenium Tour. The song was the only single from her third live album Mylenium Tour and was released on 5 December 2000. The title draws from a direct quotation to a well-known scene in French children's book Le Petit Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. Although it was generally appreciated by critics and was a top ten hit in France, it had moderate success in terms of sales.

text:
# Dessine-moi un mouton

"**Dessine-moi un mouton**" (English: "Draw Me a Sheep") is a 1999 song recorded by French singer-songwriter Mylène Farmer, first in a studio version, then in a live version during her 1999 concert Mylenium Tour. The song was the only single from her third live album *Mylenium Tour* and was released on 5 December 2000. The title draws from a direct quotation to a well-known scene in French children's book *Le Petit Prince* by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. Although it was generally appreciated by critics and was a top ten hit in France, it had moderate success in terms of sales.

## Background and writing

Originally, "Dessine-moi un mouton" should have been released as the second, third, or fourth single from the studio album *Innamoramento*. However, the song was released much later, and only in a live version to promote the concert album *Mylenium Tour*. Because of this discrepancy, some people considered the song to be, in fact, the sixth single from the previous studio album. Thus, with this rationale, *Innamoramento* is the second album in France to provide six top ten hits in France.

Just before the single's release, a rumor circulated that a video was already underway and would be filmed in Corsica to evoke drawn images found in Saint-Exupéry's famous novella, which profoundly inspired the song. According to another persistent rumor, Farmer planned to buy some rights to the story from the author's family to create a musical directed by other producers. Finally, none of this gossip proved correct.

The promotional CD was sent to radio stations on 27 October, and the single was concurrently released with the live album to enable it to move straight to number one on the French Album Charts. All the remixes were produced after the album version, not the live version. Quickly, French station NRJ heavily played the remix called 'World is mine' instead of the live version. For the first time in her career, Farmer used her own drawings to illustrate the CD maxi and vinyl's covers, on which she represented herself next to a sheep. She also used her drawings for the video of "C'est une belle journée", as well as in her book *Lisa-Loup et le Conteur*. As for the single release of "Sans logique" eleven years earlier, the B-side is "Dernier Sourire", this time in the live version.

However, when the best of album *Les Mots* was released in 2001, the song was not included in the track listing, like other live singles "Allan" and "La Poupée qui fait non".

## Theme and video

As Saint-Exupéry's story, *Le Petit Prince*, is deeply incorporated within French mainstream popular culture, francophone audience clearly understood the allusion of the song to the literary work. Therefore, "Farmer does not tell the novella's story in her song, but uses the writer's philosophy to draw inspiration". Journalist Benoît Cachin said "Dessine-moi un mouton" deals with life, love, death, and is "a plea for childhood, imagination and insouciance". Psychologist Hugues Royer considers that it is a song that "invites us to connect with our childhood".

The video uses images from the 1999 tour, and shows Farmer performing the song sitting on a giant swing. For the television version, the entire part devoted to the presentation of musicians and the recalls were deleted, but included in footage for the tour's DVD.

## Live performances

The song was not promoted by the singer and was never performed on television, but was only sung during the Mylenium Tour. As showed on the DVD of the concert, before the song begins, Farmer is sitting on the steps of the staircase and she whistles. While the dancers make several acrobatics and play leapfrog, she performs the song, sitting on a big swing with two headers sphynx at both ends. A rain of silver sequins down from heaven on artists and the audience. After her performance, Farmer goes down the swing and presents the musicians.

## Critical reception

"Dessine-moi un mouton" was generally well received by contemporary pop music critics and by Farmer's fans who felt that the single was the best track of the album. The Belgian magazine *La Dernière Heure* considered this song absolutely identical to "XXL", using many big guitars; it also said that it was very representative of Farmer's work and was sensed as a future single since the album's release. French magazine *Instant-Mag* considered that the singles' sales were not aided by the CD single's cover deemed too simple, and that the live version loses much of its energy compared to the studio's one because of the choice of musical arrangements. Moreover, the remixes were generally deemed disappointing, unlike Farmer's drawings used on the CD maxi which were more appreciated.

In France, the single entered the singles chart at number six on 9 December 2000, making Farmer's 21st top ten hit in the country. The next week, it dropped to number 28 then continued to drop, and fell off the chart after nine weeks in the top 50 and 16 weeks in the top 100. In Switzerland, the song reached a peak of number 59 in the third week on 21 January 2001 and remained for five weeks in the top 100. In Belgium (Wallonia), the single started at number 25 in the Ultratop 40 chart on 16 December 2000, then climbed to a peak of number 11, dropped the next weeks and totaled twelve weeks on the chart.

## Formats and track listings

These are the formats and track listings of single releases of "Dessine-moi un mouton":

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Dessine-moi un mouton" (live) | 4:50 |
| 2. | "Dernier Sourire" (live) | 4:53 |

* **CD maxi - Digipack / 12" maxi / 12" maxi - Promo**

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Dessine-moi un mouton" (live single version) | 4:34 |
| 2. | "Dessine-moi un mouton" (world is mine remix) | 4:53 |
| 3. | "Dessine-moi un mouton" (snakebite beat remix) | 4:42 |
| 4. | "Dessine-moi un mouton" (draw me a sheep remix) | 3:53 |

* **CD single - Promo - Silvery disc / CD single - Promo - White disc**

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Dessine-moi un mouton" (live single version) | 4:34 |

* **CD single - Promo - Tryptic with a swing**

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Dessine-moi un mouton" (live radio edit) | 4:05 |

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Dessine-moi un mouton" (video) | 4:56 |

## Official versions

| Version | Length | Album | Remixed by | Year | Comment |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Album version | 4:34 | *Innamoramento* |  | 1999 | See the previous sections |
| Live version
(recorded in 2000) | 4:50 (CD)
6:40 (DVD/VHS)
4:16 (cassette) | *Mylenium Tour* |  | 2000 | This version is rather similar to the album one, but before starting the song, Farmer whistles. The DVD and VHS version includes the presentation of the musicians. The cassette version is shorter as one refrain is deleted. (see Mylenium Tour) |
| Single live version | 4:34 |  | Laurent Boutonnat | 2000 | The last refrain is deleted. |
| Live radio edit | 4:05 |  | Laurent Boutonnat | 2000 | This version is similar to the two previous above, but shorter. |
| World is mine remix | 4:53 |  | Quentin and Visa | 2000 | This version is calmer than the studio version. |
| Snakebite beat mix | 4:42 |  | Osman and Visa | 2000 | This is an electro remix. |
| Draw me a sheep remix | 3:53 |  | Hot Sly and Visa | 2000 | Devoted to the dance floors, this remix sometimes distorts Farmer's voice. |
| Music video | 4:56 |  |  | 2000 |  |
|

## Credits and personnel

These are the credits and the personnel as they appear on the back of the single:

* Mylène Farmer – lyrics, drawings
* Laurent Boutonnat – music
* Requiem Publishing – editions
* Polydor – recording company
* Henry Neu / Com'N.B – design
* Made in the E.U.

## Charts

| Chart (2000–01) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia) | 11 |
| Europe (European Hot 100 Singles) | 30 |
| France (SNEP) | 6 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 59 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format |
| --- | --- | --- |
| France, Belgium, Switzerland | November 2000 | Promo CD single, Promo 12" maxi, VHS |
| | 4 December 2000 | CD single, CD maxi, 12" maxi |
|

* Cachin, Benoît (2006). *Le Dictionnaire des Chansons de Mylène Farmer* (in French). Tournon. ISBN 2-35144-000-5.
* Cachin, Benoît (2006). *Mylène Farmer Influences* (in French). Mascara. ISBN 978-2-35144-026-1.
* Chuberre, Erwan (2007). *L'Intégrale Mylène Farmer* (in French). City. ISBN 978-2-35288-108-7.
* Chuberre, Erwan (2008). *Mylène Farmer, phénoménale* (in French). City. ISBN 978-2-35288-176-6.
* Chuberre, Erwan (18 June 2009). *Mylène Farmer : Des mots sur nos désirs* (in French). Alphée. ISBN 978-2-7538-0477-7.
* Khairallah, Sophie (2007). *Mylène Farmer, le culte - L'envers du décor* (in French). Why Not. ISBN 978-2-916611-25-9.
* Rigal, Julien (September 2010). *Mylène Farmer, la culture de l'inaccessibilité* (in French). Premium. ISBN 978-2-35636-096-0.
* Royer, Hugues (2008). *Mylène, biographie* (in French). Spain: Flammarion. ISBN 978-2-35287-139-2.

## InfoBox

| "Dessine-moi un mouton" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Mylène Farmer | |
| from the album  *Mylenium Tour* | |
| B-side | "Dernier Sourire" (live) |
| Released | 5 December 2000 |
| Recorded | 1999, France |
| Genre | Pop rock, alternative rock |
| Length | 4:50 (live version)
4:34 (studio version) |
| Label | Polydor |
| Songwriter(s) | Lyrics: Mylène Farmer
Music: Laurent Boutonnat |
| Producer(s) | Laurent Boutonnat |
| Mylène Farmer singles chronology | |
| "Innamoramento"
(2000) "**Dessine-moi un mouton**"
(2000) "L'Histoire d'une fée, c'est..."
(2001) | |
|  | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
| CD maxi | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Dessislava Mladenova

abstract: Dessislava Svetoslavova Mladenova is a Bulgarian former professional tennis player. On 6 October 2008, she reached her highest WTA singles ranking of No. 684, whilst her best doubles ranking was 388 on 5 May 2008. IN her career, she won three doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

text:
# Dessislava Mladenova

**Dessislava Svetoslavova Mladenova** (Bulgarian: Десислава Светославова Младенова, born 21 June 1988) is a Bulgarian former professional tennis player.

On 6 October 2008, she reached her highest WTA singles ranking of No. 684, whilst her best doubles ranking was 388 on 5 May 2008. IN her career, she won three doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

## ITF Circuit finals

### Singles: 1 (1 runner–up)

| Legend  $100,000 tournaments  $75,000 tournaments  $50,000 tournaments  $25,000 tournaments  $10,000 tournaments | Finals by surface  Hard (0–1)  Clay (0–0)  Grass (0–0)  Carpet (0–0) |
| --- | --- |

| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Loss | 0–1 | Feb 2008 | ITF Melilla, Spain | 10,000 | Hard | Tetyana Arefyeva | 1–6, 6–7(1–7) |

### Doubles 10 (3 titles, 7 runner–ups)

| Legend  $100,000 tournaments  $75,000 tournaments  $50,000 tournaments  $25,000 tournaments  $10,000 tournaments | Finals by surface  Hard (2–2)  Clay (1–5)  Grass (0–0)  Carpet (0–1) |
| --- | --- |

| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Win | 1–0 | May 2007 | ITF Antalya, Turkey | 25,000 | Hard | Vojislava Lukić | Oksana Kalashnikova
Sofia Kvatsabaia | 2–6, 6–2, 6–3 |
| Loss | 1–1 | Jun 2008 | ITF Istanbul, Turkey | 10,000 | Hard | Pemra Özgen | Chen Astrogo
Volha Duko | 5–7, 6–1, \[5–10\] |
| Loss | 1–2 | Sep 2008 | ITF Sofia, Bulgaria | 10,000 | Clay | Émilie Bacquet | Mariya Malkhasyan
Oksana Pavlova | 2–6, 1–6 |
| Loss | 1–3 | May 2009 | ITF Bucharest, Romania | 10,000 | Clay | Dalia Zafirova | Laura Ioana Paar
Diana-Andreea Gae | 1–6, 7–5, \[12–14\] |
| Win | 2–3 | May 2009 | ITF Craiova, Romania | 10,000 | Clay | Tanya Germanlieva | Simona Matei
Nataša Zorić | 4–6, 6–1, \[10–7\] |
| Loss | 2–4 | Nov 2009 | ITF Volos, Greece | 10,000 | Carpet | Tanya Germanlieva | Olga Brózda
Justyna Jegiołka | 6–4, 4–6, \[7–10\] |
| Loss | 2–5 | May 2010 | ITF Craiova, Romania | 10,000 | Clay | Tanya Germanlieva | Alexandra Cadanțu
Alexandra Damaschin | 3–6, 3–6 |
| Loss | 2–6 | Jul 2010 | ITF Bucharest, Romania | 10,000 | Clay | Dalia Zafirova | Diana Enache
Andreea Mitu | 3–6, 1–6 |
| Loss | 2–7 | May 2011 | ITF Istanbul, Turkey | 10,000 | Hard | Anja Prislan | Laura Ioana Paar
Sofia Kvatsabaia | 2–6, 2–6 |
| Win | 3–7 | May 2011 | ITF Istanbul, Turkey | 10,000 | Hard | Andreea Vaideanu | Ganna Piven
Anastasiya Vasylyeva | 4–6, 6–1, \[10–5\] |

## Fed Cup

Dessislava Mladenova debuted for the Bulgaria Fed Cup team in 2007. Since then, she has a 1–2 doubles record (1–2 overall).

### Doubles: 3 (1–2)

| Edition | Round | Date | Partner | Against | Surface | Opponents | W/L | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2007 Europe/Africa Group I | RR | 18 April 2007 | Jaklin Alawi | Great Britain | Clay | Elena Baltacha
Claire Curran | L | 4–6, 2–6 |
| | | 19 April 2007 | Jaklin Alawi | Poland | | Marta Domachowska
Klaudia Jans-Ignacik | L | 0–6, 3–6 |
| | | 20 April 2007 | Dia Evtimova | Luxembourg | | Mandy Minella
Lynn Philippe | W | 3–6, 7–6(7–3), 0–1 ret. |

## InfoBox

Dessislava Mladenova
Десислава Младенова
| Dessislava Mladenova at the 2008 Allianz Cup | |
| --- | --- |
| Country (sports) | Bulgaria |
| Residence | Sofia, Bulgaria |
| Born | (1988-06-21) 21 June 1988
Sofia, Bulgaria |
| Height | 1.79 m (5 ft 10 in) |
| Turned pro | 2004 |
| Retired | 2011 |
| Plays | Left-handed (two-handed both sides) |
| Prize money | US$ 19,354 |
| Singles | |
| Career record | 52–79 |
| Career titles | 0 WTA, 0 ITF |
| Highest ranking | No. 684 (6 October 2008) |
| Doubles | |
| Career record | 64–54 |
| Career titles | 0 WTA, 3 ITF |
| Highest ranking | No. 388 (5 May 2008) |
| Team competitions | |
| Fed Cup | 1–2
(doubles 1-2) |


title: Penion proavitus

abstract: Penion proavitus is an extinct species of marine snail or whelk, belonging to the true whelk family Austrosiphonidae.

text:
# Penion proavitus

***Penion proavitus*** is an extinct species of marine snail or whelk, belonging to the true whelk family Austrosiphonidae.

## Description

*Penion proavitus* fossils are the earliest known specimens of *Penion* siphon whelks. The species was medium-to-large in size.

It is possible that fossils of *Penion proavitus* represent a stem lineage that was the common ancestor of *Penion*, *Kelletia* and *Antarctoneptunea*, instead of a species of *Penion* itself.

## Distribution

Fossils of *Penion proavitus* are found in New Zealand's South Island. The species lived in the seas surrounding Zealandia between 56 and 66 million million years ago (Teurian stage).

## InfoBox

| *Penion proavitus*
Temporal range: Paleocene, | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Austrosiphonidae |
| Genus: | *Penion* |
| Species: | ***P. proavitus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Penion proavitus***
(Finlay & Marwick, 1937) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Penion lineatus

abstract: Penion lineatus is a species of medium-sized marine snail or whelk, belonging to the true whelk family Austrosiphonidae. It was described in 2018.

text:
# Penion lineatus

***Penion lineatus*** is a species of medium-sized marine snail or whelk, belonging to the true whelk family Austrosiphonidae. It was described in 2018.

## Description

Adult shells are between 68 mm and 172 mm in length. The shell protoconch is cream coloured and the teleoconch is covered in yellow or brown bands.

## Distribution

*Penion lineatus* is endemic to waters surrounding the Three Kings Islands and Cape Reinga north of mainland New Zealand.

## InfoBox

| *Penion lineatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Buccinoidea |
| Family: | Austrosiphonidae |
| Genus: | *Penion* |
| Species: | ***P. lineatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Penion lineatus***<br>B.A. Marshall, Hills & Vaux, 2018 | |
|


title: Pelle Hillström

abstract: Pelle Sebastian Hillstrom is a Swedish music artist and songwriter from Jarbo, Gävleborg County. He is known for his work with Alessandro Cortini of Nine Inch Nails in Modwheelmood,

text:
# Pelle Hillström

**Pelle Sebastian Hillstrom** is a Swedish music artist and songwriter from Jarbo, Gävleborg County. He is known for his work with Alessandro Cortini of Nine Inch Nails in Modwheelmood,

## Early life

His pursuit of music began early, playing saxophone in jazz orchestras in the afternoon and learning to play Iron Maiden songs in the evenings. Eventually, his desire to play music for a living led him to the United States where he quickly worked his way into the Los Angeles music scene.

## Musical Collaborations

Hillstrom met Nine Inch Nails keyboardist Alessandro Cortini in early 2000. The two began an intense collaboration, forming electro rock act Modwheelmood. The duo released their debut EP, Enemies & Immigrants, on Buddyhead records to critical acclaim. Their busy schedules hindered touring at that time but they have since built an impressive following of loyal fans.

Meanwhile, Hillstrom also joined the original Eels bassist Tommy Walter in the band Abandoned Pools. The band toured the US, Japan, Canada, and UK, opening for bands like Lenny Kravitz, Garbage, and The White Stripes. Pelle continued to dig into the scene, working as hired guitarist for producers like Patrick Leonard (Madonna, Elton John, Pink Floyd), Polarbear (Korn, Bootsy Collins, Snoop Dogg), Marc Jameson (Christina Aguilera, Felix da housecat), Redcola (commercials for Nike, Ford, Kodak, etc.), and Brad Wood (Smashing Pumpkins, The Bangles, Pete Yorn).

In 2005, he formed the act *Forever Like Red* and got signed to the Echo Label in the UK and to Chrysalis Publishing in the U.S. The band relocated to London in 2006 and recorded their debut album, *Distance*. The Sunday Times gave it four stars and called the band the next U2. Hillstrom toured the UK and Scotland extensively in 2007. They opened for acts like Silverchair and Pete Murray, Aerosmith, Crowded House, Jet, and Chris Cornell. The single, *What Will You Pay*, written by Hillstrom and Cameron Meshell, was aired on BBC 1 and the band's song *Dream On* was featured in an episode of the hugely popular TV show Hollyoaks in England.

Hillstrom worked on various projects as a songwriter and artist for Chrysalis. Modwheelmood has now released five EPs; ? (released in 2003), *Enemies & Immigrants* (released on Buddyhead in 2006), *Pearls to Pigs*, Vol. 1 (released in 2007), *Pearls to Pigs*, Vol. 2 (released in 2008), and *Pearls to Pigs*, Vol. 3 (released in 2008). As well as *Things Will Change*, the companion remix disc to *Enemies & Immigrants* (released in 2007). He continues to work with Cortini and Modwheelmood is producing new material.

## Komox

In 2014, Hillstrom joined the lineup of Komox, which includes frontman, Bryce Soderberg (Lifehouse), and drummer, Kris Persson. In January 2016, Komox released their debut EP, Dreaming Awake Volume 1. The band has been performing consistently around Los Angeles, San Diego and Las Vegas. Hillstrom and the rest of Komox signed a management deal with Kamelian, LLC, a label and management company headed by Michael Jackson's nephew and Tito Jackson's eldest son, Taj (3T). Pelle has co-penned two songs, Anything and Human, from the second volume of the Dreaming Awake due for release the summer of 2016. He currently resides in Los Angeles, working on Komox and various other music projects.


title: Deutschhaus Mainz

abstract: The Deutschhaus or Deutschordenskommende is a historical building in Mainz, western Germany, which is the seat of the Rhineland-Palatinate Landtag.

text:
# Deutschhaus Mainz

The **Deutschhaus** or **Deutschordenskommende** (German for "Commandry of the Teutonic Knights") is a historical building in Mainz, western Germany, which is the seat of the Rhineland-Palatinate Landtag.

## History

The Baroque palace was built from 1729 to 1740 for Francis Louis of Neuburg, Prince-elector and Archbishop of Mainz from 1729 to 1732. Since he was at the same time Hochmeister of the Teutonic Knights, he built the Deutschhaus as his second residence for representative purposes in his duties as Hochmeister in the immediate neighborhood of the Electoral Palace, his other residence.

The building was constructed by Anselm Franz Freiherr von Ritter zu Groenesteyn in a style influenced by French Baroque architecture. It consists of a main building and two pavilions around a central court. One of the pavilions contained a chapel with frescoes by Christoph Thomas Scheffler. Due to the Hochmeister's death in 1732, the building was never used for its intended function as Hochmeister's residence.

In the times of French occupation leading to the establishment of the Republic of Mainz, it became the seat of the Rhenish-German National Convention. This earliest democratically elected parliament in Germany first met on March 17, 1793 in the Deutschhaus. On the next day, the Convention declared Mainz and all of the territory between Landau and Bingen to be an independent state based on the principles of liberty and egality, and the Convention's president Andreas Joseph Hofmann proclaimed the Rhenish-German Free State (*Rheinisch-Deutscher Freistaat*) from the balcony of the Deutschhaus. After this period had ended with the French capitulation after the Siege of Mainz on July 23, 1793, the building was used by Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen until the territory was ceded to France again in the Treaty of Campo Formio, and the Deutschhaus became the administrative seat of the French département Mont-Tonnerre. It was used as a palace by Napoleon during all of his 9 stays in Mainz, who planned to double the size of the building and use it as an imperial residence, as *Mayence* was intended to become one of the *bonnes villes de l'Empire*, the 36 most important cities of France. In the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars, the building was used by the Dukes of Hesse-Darmstadt, who obtained the territory of Mainz after the Congress of Vienna. In 1870, the building served as the headquarters of the Prussian army in the early stages of the Franco-Prussian War.

During World War II, the building was heavily damaged, especially in the air raid of February 27, 1945, which destroyed most of the city. Of the Deutschhaus, only the exterior walls remained.

Reconstruction started after the Rhineland-Palatinate Landtag decided to move from Koblenz to Mainz on May 28, 1950. It was completed in 1951, and the new building was used for the first time for the constituting session of the newly elected Landtag on May 18, 1951. It has been used as plenary building of the Landtag ever since. As the Deutschhaus has only very limited office space for the members of parliament, a new office building for them was constructed in 1999.

## Sources

* (in German) History of the Deutschhaus at the Rhineland-Palatinate Landtag website
* "Das Deutschhaus 1945–1951" (in German)., published by the Rhineland-Palatinate Landtag, includes many pictures of destruction and reconstruction
* (in German) Parliamentary office building
* "Frankreich und Mainz" (PDF) (in German). (250 KiB), in: *Blätter zum Land 3/2001*, published by the Landeszentrale für politische Bildung Rheinland-Pfalz

50°00′19″N 8°16′18″E / 50.00528°N 8.27167°E / 50.00528; 8.27167


title: Dhimitër Kacimbra

abstract: Dhimitër Kacimbra (1875–1950) was an Albanian lawyer and politician who served as the second chairman of the National Council of Albania from 25 September 1920 to 15 November 1920.

text:
# Dhimitër Kacimbra

**Dhimitër Kacimbra** (1875–1950) was an Albanian lawyer and politician who served as the second chairman of the National Council of Albania from 25 September 1920 to 15 November 1920.

## Early life

Kacimbra was born in 1875 in Përmet, a small town in southeastern Albania. After attending a local Greek school, he went on to study for two years at the Faculty of Justice, University of Istanbul. Between 1903 and 1908, Kacimbra served as a lawyer in Meçovë and also taught Ottoman Turkish in Greek schools. From 1908 to 1912, he became a member of the initial courts in Margëlliç, Vlorë and Himarë. Five years later he served as a notary public in Përmet.

## Political career

As a political activist, Kacimbra participated at the Congress of Lushnjë and Durrës. He was elected member of the parliament during the period between 1920–1924 and 1932–1944, representing Gjirokastër. In 1920 he was appointed as Chairman of the National Council and in the following year would serve as Minister of Justice. In 1929, Kacimbra participated at the 2nd Congress of the Albanian Autocephalous Orthodox Church and in that same year was appointed as Prosecutor of the Control Council, a post he held for three years. He died during the 1950s.

## InfoBox

| Dhimitër Kacimbra | |
| --- | --- |
| Dhimitër Kacimbra | |
|  | |
| 2nd Speaker of the Parliament of Albania | |
| **In office**
25 September 1920  15 November 1920 | |
| Preceded by | Xhemal Naipi |
| Succeeded by | Pandeli Evangjeli |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1875
Përmet, Ottoman Empire |
| Died | c.1950
Korçë, Albania |
| Signature |  |
|  | |


title: Dharmacracy Party

abstract: The Dharmacracy Party is a Cambodian political party founded and registered in 1998. Its president is Pothidey Savadey. It was formerly known as the Dharmacracy Women and Nation Party.

text:
# Dharmacracy Party

The **Dharmacracy Party** is a Cambodian political party founded and registered in 1998. Its president is Pothidey Savadey. It was formerly known as the Dharmacracy Women and Nation Party.

## InfoBox

| Dharmacracy Party គណបក្សធម្មាធិបតេយ្យ | |
| --- | --- |
| Abbreviation | DP (2018-present)
DWNP (1998-2018) |
| President | Pothidey Savadey |
| Registered | 9 April 1998 (1998-04-09) |
| Headquarters | No.67, Samdech Sothearos Blvd, Sangkat Tonlé Bassac, Khan Chamkar Mon, Phnom Penh |
| Ideology | Social democracy
Buddhist democracy |
| Religion | Theravada Buddhism |
| Senate | 0 / 62 |
| National Assembly | 0 / 125 |
|  | |


title: Shi Quan Da Bu Wan

abstract: Shi Quan Da Bu Wan, also known as Shiquan Dabu teapills, is a Chinese classic herbal formula. In Japanese kampo, it is known as "Jūzen-daiho-tō". It is commonly made into Chinese patent medicine. It is composed of two famous formulas which tonify the blood and the qi plus the addition of huang qi and rou gui.

text:
# Shi Quan Da Bu Wan

**Shi Quan Da Bu Wan**, also known as **Shiquan Dabu teapills** (simplified Chinese: 十全大补丸; traditional Chinese: 十全大補丸; pinyin: *shíquán dàbǔ wán*), is a Chinese classic herbal formula. In Japanese kampo, it is known as "Jūzen-daiho-tō" (十全大補湯 じゅうぜんだいほとう) (it is also known as Kampo #48). It is commonly made into Chinese patent medicine. It is composed of two famous formulas which tonify the blood (si wu wan) and the qi (si jun zi wan) plus the addition of huang qi and rou gui.

## Variations

The formula was published in the "Tai Ping Imperial Grace Formulary" (tài píng huì mín hé jì jú fāng, : 太平惠民和劑局方, : 太平惠民和剂局方) in 992CE.

There are many variations of the formula proportions. Each maker of Chinese patent medicine changes the proportions of the herbs slightly. The proportions in the Japanese kampo formula are standardized, however. Some herbs may be changed also. For example, rén shēn (ginseng root) may be replaced with dǎng shēn ("poor man's ginseng").

The formula was also changed slightly when it was borrowed as a Japanese kampo formula. Some Chinese species of herbs were replaced with herbs found in Japan. For example, bái zhú (*Atractylodes macrocephala*) was replaced with cāng zhú (*Atractylodes lancea*).

## Chinese classic herbal formula

| Name | Common Name | Pinyin | Chinese () | Chinese () | Katakana | Kanji | Genus species |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Astragali Radix | astragalus root | huáng qí | 黃蓍 | 黄芪 | オウギ | 黄耆 | Astragalus membranaceus |
| Cinnamomi Cortex | Chinese cinnamon bark | ròu guì | 肉桂 | 肉桂 | ケイヒ | 桂皮 | Cinnamomum cassia |
| Rehmanniae Radix | Chinese foxglove root | shú dì huáng | 熟地黃 | 熟地黄 | ジオウ | 地黄 | Rehmannia glutinosa |
| Paeoniae Radix | Chinese peony root | sháo yào | 芍藥 | 芍药 | シャクヤク | 芍薬 | Paeonia lactiflora |
| Ligustici Rhizoma | ligusticum rhizome | chuān xiōng | 川芎 | 川芎 | センキュウ | 川芎 | Ligusticum wallichii |
| Angelicae Radix | Chinese angelica root | dāng guī | 當歸 | 当归 | トウキ | 当帰 | Angelica sinensis |
| Panacis Ginseng Radix | ginseng root | rén shēn | 人參 | 人参 | ニンジン | 人参 | Panax ginseng |
| Poria | tuckahoe mushroom | fú líng | 茯苓 | 茯苓 | ブクリョウ | 茯苓 | Poria cocos |
| Atractylodis Rhizoma | white atractylodes rhizome | bái zhú | 白朮 | 白术 | ビャクジュツ | 白朮 | Atractylodes macrocephala |
| Glycyrrhizae Radix | Chinese liquorice root | gān cǎo | 甘草 | 甘草 | カンゾウ | 甘草 | Glycyrrhiza uralensis |

## Japanese kampo formula

| Name | Common name | Pinyin | Chinese () | Chinese () | Katakana | Kanji | Genus species | Grams | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Astragali Radix | astragalus root | huáng qí | 黃蓍 | 黄芪 | オウギ | 黄耆 | Astragalus membranaceus | 3.0 | 10.5% |
| Cinnamomi Cortex | Chinese cinnamon bark | ròu guì | 肉桂 | 肉桂 | ケイヒ | 桂皮 | Cinnamomum cassia | 3.0 | 10.5% |
| Rehmanniae Radix | Chinese foxglove root | shú dì huáng | 熟地黃 | 熟地黄 | ジオウ | 地黄 | Rehmannia glutinosa | 3.0 | 10.5% |
| Paeoniae Radix | Chinese peony root | sháo yào | 芍藥 | 芍药 | シャクヤク | 芍薬 | Paeonia lactiflora | 3.0 | 10.5% |
| Cnidii Rhizoma | cnidium root | she chuang zi | 川芎 | 川芎 | センキュウ | 川芎 | Cnidium officinale | 3.0 | 10.5% |
| Atractylodis Lanceae Rhizoma | atractylodes rhizome | cāng zhú | 蒼朮 | 苍术 | ソウジュツ | 蒼朮 | Atractylodes lancea | 3.0 | 10.5% |
| Angelicae Radix | Chinese angelica root | dāng guī | 當歸 | 当归 | トウキ | 当帰 | Angelica acutiloba | 3.0 | 10.5% |
| Panacis Ginseng Radix | ginseng root | rén shēn | 人參 | 人参 | ニンジン | 人参 | Panax ginseng | 3.0 | 10.5% |
| Poria | tuckahoe mushroom | fú líng | 茯苓 | 茯苓 | ブクリョウ | 茯苓 | Poria cocos | 3.0 | 10.5% |
| Glycyrrhizae Radix | Chinese liquorice root | gān cǎo | 甘草 | 甘草 | カンゾウ | 甘草 | Glycyrrhiza uralensis | 1.5 | 5.5% |


title: Pseudogenes ornaticeps

abstract: Pseudogenes ornaticeps is a species in the longhorn beetle family Cerambycidae. It is native to Madagascar.

text:
# Pseudogenes ornaticeps

***Pseudogenes ornaticeps*** is a species in the longhorn beetle family Cerambycidae. It is native to Madagascar.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudogenes ornaticeps* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Subfamily: | Apatophyseinae |
| Tribe: | Apatophyseini |
| Genus: | *Pseudogenes* |
| Species: | ***P. ornaticeps*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudogenes ornaticeps***<br>Fairmaire, 1894 | |
|


title: The Aam Aadmi Family

abstract: The Aam Aadmi Family is an Indian comedy-drama series directed by Apoorv Singh Karki. The series debuted on a YouTube channel called The Timeliners, which garnered 10 million views. The first series featured Lubna Salim, Gunjan Malhotra, Chandan Anand, Kamlesh Gill, and Brijendra Kala. The Timeliners have released 3 seasons. For the fourth season, the show moved to ZEE5. This was a part of the partnership between The Viral Fever and ZEE5 announced in June 2021 The premieres on 24 November 2023.

text:
# The Aam Aadmi Family

***The Aam Aadmi Family*** is an Indian comedy-drama series directed by Apoorv Singh Karki. The series debuted on a YouTube channel called The Timeliners, which garnered 10 million views. The first series featured Lubna Salim, Gunjan Malhotra, Chandan Anand, Kamlesh Gill, and Brijendra Kala. The Timeliners have released 3 seasons.

For the fourth season, the show moved to ZEE5. This was a part of the partnership between The Viral Fever and ZEE5 announced in June 2021 The premieres on 24 November 2023.

## Plot

Aam Aadmi Family is the story of a middle-class family, which features Sharma (Brijendra Kala) as the father, Madhu (Lubna Salim) as the mother, Bobby (Chandan Anand) as the naughty son, and Sonu (Gunjan Malhotra), their daughter being the sweetheart of the family. Daadi, played by Kamlesh Gill, is the notorious grandmother of the house.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| *The Aam Aadmi Family* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Comedy drama |
| Written by | * Kunal Aneja * Manan Madaan * Shefali Parashar * Abhishek Srivastava |
| Directed by | Apoorv Singh Karki, Debatma Mandal |
| Starring |  |
| Country of origin | India |
| Original language | Hindi |
| No. of seasons | 4 |
| No. of episodes | 20 |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Sameer Saxena |
| Original release | |
| Release | 5 November 2016 (2016-11-05) <br>28 December 2020 (2020-12-28) |


title: The Aphrodite Inheritance

abstract: The Aphrodite Inheritance is a BBC television series broadcast in 1979. The eight-part serial, written by Michael J. Bird, followed his previous successful Mediterranean-set series The Lotus Eaters and Who Pays the Ferryman?. Whereas the two previous productions had been set and filmed in Crete, the action in The Aphrodite Inheritance took place in Cyprus. The series starred Peter McEnery as a man visiting Cyprus to investigate the death of his brother and subsequently being drawn into a strange conspiracy, with the narrative twists of the serial employing various supernatural and mythological motifs. Other major cast members included Alexandra Bastedo, Brian Blessed, Paul Maxwell and Stefan Gryff.

text:
# The Aphrodite Inheritance

***The Aphrodite Inheritance*** is a BBC television series broadcast in 1979.

The eight-part serial, written by Michael J. Bird, followed his previous successful Mediterranean-set series *The Lotus Eaters* and *Who Pays the Ferryman?*. Whereas the two previous productions had been set and filmed in Crete, the action (and location filming) in *The Aphrodite Inheritance* took place in Cyprus.

The series starred Peter McEnery as a man visiting Cyprus to investigate the death of his brother and subsequently being drawn into a strange conspiracy, with the narrative twists of the serial employing various supernatural and mythological motifs. Other major cast members included Alexandra Bastedo, Brian Blessed, Paul Maxwell and Stefan Gryff.

## Credits

### Main cast

### Crew

* Series Created & Written by: Michael J. Bird
* Produced by: Andrew Osborn
* Directed by: Terence Williams (eps. 1-4) & Viktors Ritelis (eps. 5-8)
* Designed by: Jon Pusey
* Theme music composed by: George Kotsonis

## Episodes

| Episode no. | Title | First transmission (UK) | Cast notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "A Death in the Family" | 3 January 1979 | Barry Halliday (Barry Collier)
Andreas Moustras (Doctor)
Tom Watson (Wyndham)
Theodoulos Moreas (Priest) |
| 2 | "A Lamb to Slaughter" | 10 January 1979 | Nicos Shiafkalis (Nicos) |
| 3 | "Here We Come Gathering" | 17 January 1979 | Nicholas Kaminous (Detective Sergeant)
John Ioannou (Policeman) |
| 4 | "A Friend in Need" | 24 January 1979 | Carmen Gómez (Maria)
Costas Demetriou (Antonis)
Nicholas Kaminous (Detective Sergeant)
John Ioannou (Policeman) |
| 5 | "Come Into My Parlour" | 31 January 1979 | Carmen Gomez (Maria)
Costas Demetriou (Antonis)
Barry Halliday (Barry Collier)
Charlambos Xoufarides (Policeman) |
| 6 | "Said the Spider to the Fly" | 7 February 1979 | Carmen Gomez (Maria)
Tom Watson (Wyndham)
Nikias Nicolaides (Police Sergeant) |
| 7 | "The Eyes of Love" | 14 February 1979 | Georgios Zenios (Professor Stylianou) |
| 8 | "To Touch a Rainbow" | 21 February 1979 | Carmen Gomez (Maria)
Georgios Zenios (Professor Stylianou) |
|

## InfoBox

| *The Aphrodite Inheritance* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Drama |
| Created by | Michael J. Bird |
| Directed by | Terence Williams and Viktors Ritelis |
| Starring |  |
| Theme music composer | George Kotsonis |
| No. of series | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 8 |
| Production | |
| Producer | Andrew Osborn |
| Production location | Cyprus |
| Original release | |
| Network | BBC1 |
| Release | 3 January (1979-01-03)
21 February 1979 (1979-02-21) |


title: The Absolute at Large

abstract: The Absolute at Large, is a science fiction novel written by Czech author Karel Čapek in 1922. The first sentence opens the story on New Year's Day 1943 - a future date at the time of writing - and describes the fundamental transformations in society as the result of a new mystical source of virtually free energy.

text:
# The Absolute at Large

***The Absolute at Large*** (***Továrna na absolutno*** in the original Czech, literally translated as ***The Factory for the Absolute***), is a science fiction novel written by Czech author Karel Čapek in 1922. The first sentence opens the story on New Year's Day 1943 - a future date at the time of writing - and describes the fundamental transformations in society as the result of a new mystical source of virtually free energy.

## Plot

The story centers on the invention of a reactor that can annihilate matter to produce cheap and abundant energy. Unfortunately, it produces something else as a by-product, the *absolute*. The *absolute* is a spiritual essence that according to some religious philosophies permeates all matter. It is associated with human religious experience, as an unsuspecting humanity is to find out all too soon in the story. The widespread adoption of the reactors cause an enormous outpouring of pure *absolute* into the world. This leads to an outburst of religious and nationalist fervor, causing the greatest, most global war in history.

Čapek describes this war in a self-consciously absurd manner. Characteristic of the war are distant military marches, hence for example "battles of the Chinese with the Senegalese riflemen on the shores of the Finnish lakes." Some of the more prominent political changes the war causes include expulsion of the Russian army to Africa (via Europe) by the Chinese invasion, the conquest of East Asia by Japan that cuts the Chinese conquests in Russia and Europe down to the limits of the former Austro-Hungarian empire, and the Japanese conquest of North America. (The latter was able to occur because the United States were exhausted by a bloody civil war between the supporters and opponents of the Prohibition.)

*Absolute* does more than affect minds. It also does physical work. During the war, it causes catastrophes against the enemy (various parts of *absolute* support any given side in the conflict). At some point, it also becomes interested in production of material goods and produces them, in a supernatural manner, in enormous quantities. This leads to economic collapse and, absurdly enough, deficit of all manufactured items because, allegedly, once the price of goods has dropped to zero because of *absolute*, nobody cares to produce or distribute them any more. Starvation is averted because although *absolute* does not produce food, the peasants who *do* naturally do not let the price drop to zero. In fact they force every last penny from the urban population in return for food, hence saving humanity.

## Critical reception

R. D. Mullen called the novel "one of the genuine masterpieces of SF", but noted that "it has surely had no great influence on popular SF".

## InfoBox

The Absolute at Large
| Czech edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Karel Čapek |
| Original title | *Továrna na absolutno* |
| Language | Czech |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Publication date | 1922 |
| Published in English | 1927 |
| Media type | Print |
| Text | *The Absolute at Large* at Wikisource |


title: The Arena Players

abstract: Arena Players Incorporated is the oldest continually performing and historically African-American community theatre in the United States located in Baltimore, Maryland. The theater runs several productions throughout the year as well as jazz and comedy shows, which take place every other month. It also offers programs for both children and adults who wish to perform: the Youtheatre program is for children between 4–18 years old and offers performing arts classes such as drama, music and dance as well as theater production; Studio 801 Program is a training and community outreach program for adults who want to perform.

text:
# The Arena Players

**Arena Players Incorporated**  (or Arena Playhouse) is the oldest continually performing and historically African-American community theatre in the United States located in Baltimore, Maryland.

The theater runs several productions throughout the year as well as jazz and comedy shows, which take place every other month. It also offers programs for both children and adults who wish to perform: the Youtheatre program is for children between 4–18 years old and offers performing arts classes such as drama, music and dance as well as theater production; Studio 801 Program is a training and community outreach program for adults who want to perform.

## History

The Arena Players was established in September 1953 by Samuel H. Wilson, Irvin Turner. Jimmie Bell, Bernard Byrd, Doris Dilver, Arthur Thurgood, Joe Wilson, and Julius Wilson, on the campus of Coppin State University. The group initially met in the loft of a building on campus of Coppin that the students called “The House.” The group's first production was William Saroyan’s Hello Out There. The formation of Arena Players pre-dated the Black theatre movement, which was a part of the larger Black Arts Movement. Poet-playwright Imamu Amiri Baraka described Black theatre as “theater that actually functions to liberate Black people. It is a theater that will commit Black people to their own liberation and instruct them about what they should do and what they should be doing.”

The group was nomadic for its first ten years as it performed in a variety of locations around Baltimore: Coppin State University, the Druid Hill Avenue Branch of the YMCA, the Great Hall Theater of St. Mary's Church in the Walbrook neighborhood, and the Carl J. Murphy Auditorium at Morgan State University. In 1960, the Arena Players moved into a three-story building at 406 Orchard Street, that served multiple purposes history which they were able to purchase in 1969. Earl Arnett, "The Arena Players Open New Theater with Hughes Play," The Sun (1837-1987), Oct 22, 1976: 1.\</ref\> As the group grew, the organization began to seek government funds in 1970s in order to expand their 200-seat home.

After a remodeling plan was developed with an estimate of $755,000, the Arena Players set about acquiring the funds to finance the project that they dubbed, “Our Possible Dream.” The three-phase redevelopment plan was financed through public donations and government funds: a $3,000 grant from the Maryland Arts Council and $321,000 federal grant made available through the city's Department of Housing and Community Development. The pro bono services of an architect were obtained through Neighborhood Design Center. Leon Bridges, the first registered African American architect in the state of Maryland, was assigned to the job. The groundbreaking ceremony occurred in August 1975 and the project was completed in October 1976.

The debut of the remodeled theatre was greeted with acclaim by the Baltimore press and was the subject of at least five articles in The Baltimore Sun in a three-week time span. Architect Leon Bridges even published an opinion piece commending the Sun for their coverage and recommended that the newspaper continue their support through notices of coming attractions and featured articles. The new 300-seat structure was commemorated on October 22, 1976, with a performance of Langston Hughes’ Little Ham. According to Baltimore Sun journalist Earl Arnett, additional plans called for the renovation of the second and third floors of the building for office space and the group's long-standing plan to open a school. The Arena Players received a grant in 1981 from the State of Maryland for the renovations of the second and third floors of the building, which were completed the following year.

1. Kimberly Brown, "Arena Players: Historical landmark still standing," The Baltimore Times, Jan. 31, 2014, http://baltimoretimes-online.com/news/2014/jan/31/arena-players-historical-landmark-still-standing-k/
2. Michael Coleman, “What Is Black Theater? An Interview with Imamu Amiri Baraka,” Black World 20, no. 6. (Apr 1971): 32
3. Arena Players, Incorporated, “History,” Arena Players, Incorporated, http://arenaplayersinc.com/history/ (accessed February 10, 2013).
4. Linda Guydon, “A New Art Center is Arena Players’ Goal,” The Sun (1837-1987), Jan 29, 1975: 1.
5. "Arena Aid," The Sun (1837-1987), May 16, 1975: 1.
6. Guydon, “New Art Center”; “Arena Players To Open”; “Arena Aid.”
7. The HistoryMakers, “Biography, Interview with Leon Bridges,” The HistoryMakers, http://www.thehistorymakers.com/biography/leon-bridges-38
8. Irving Phillips, “Arena Players groundbreaking,” ca. August 15, 1975, The Baltimore Sun, Tribune Photo Archives, Photo; “Arena Players To Open.”
9. Leon Bridges, "Letter to the editor: Arena Players," The Sun (1837-1987), Nov 06, 1976: 1,
10. Arnett, “Hughes Play”; “Arena Players To Open.”
11. Arnett, “Hughes Play.”
12. Arena Players, Incorporated, “History,” Arena Players, Incorporated, http://arenaplayersinc.com/history/ (accessed February 10, 2013).
* , Arena Players, Inc. official website

39°17′56″N 76°37′22″W / 39.29889°N 76.62278°W / 39.29889; -76.62278

## InfoBox

The Arena Players
| Formation | 1953 |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Theatre group |
| Location | * 801 McCulloh Street, Baltimore, MD |
| Artistic director(s) | Donald Owens |
| Website |  |


abstract: "Testimony of Evil" is the sixth and final episode of the short-lived TV series Police Squad!. The episode was directed by Joe Dante and written by Tino Insana and Robert Wuhl. The episode was produced by Robert K. Weiss.

text:
# Testimony of Evil (Dead Men Don't Laugh)

"**Testimony of Evil (Dead Men Don't Laugh)**" is the sixth and final episode of the short-lived TV series *Police Squad!*. The episode was directed by Joe Dante and written by Tino Insana and Robert Wuhl. The episode was produced by Robert K. Weiss.

## Plot

A struggling comedian (played by Danny Dayton) owes money to the owner of a nightclub. Following the discovery of the comedian's body at the bottom of a cliff in a car crash, it is initially believed that said accident was a suicide. However, it is later discovered that the comedian was also a police informant on a drug ring he infiltrated at his nightclub. Frank (Leslie Nielsen) intervenes and takes the place of the deceased at the nightclub in order to investigate further.

## Recurring jokes

* **Tonight's special guest star:** William Conrad, who (like Lorne Greene in the first episode) portrays a man who is thrown out of a moving car with a knife in his chest.
* **Next week's experiment:** Why cows look forward to giving milk.
* **Johnny's next customer:** Dick Clark, who wants help understanding a new type of music (ska) before asking for some more of Johnny's "secret formula youth cream".
* **Freeze frame gag:** The office falls apart around Frank, Ed, and Norberg.

## InfoBox

| "**Testimony of Evil (Dead Men Don't Laugh)**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Police Squad!* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 1
Episode 6 |
| Directed by | Joe Dante |
| Written by | Tino Insana
Robert Wuhl |
| Original air date | July 8, 1982 (1982-July-08) |
| Guest appearances | |
| William Conrad (special guest star)
Dick Clark as himself
Dick Miller as Vic
Claudette Nevins as Veronica Rivers
Wayne Winton as Don
Jerry Lane as Willu | |
|
|


title: Demonic composition

abstract: In mathematics, demonic composition is an operation on binary relations that is similar to the ordinary composition of relations but is robust to refinement of the relations into (partial) functions or injective relations. Unlike ordinary composition of relations, demonic composition is not associative.

text:
# Demonic composition

In mathematics, **demonic composition** is an operation on binary relations that is similar to the ordinary composition of relations but is robust to refinement of the relations into (partial) functions or injective relations.

Unlike ordinary composition of relations, demonic composition is not associative.

## Definition

Suppose $R$ is a binary relation between $X$ and $Y$ and $S$ is a relation between $Y$ and $Z.$ Their **right demonic composition** $R{\textbf {;}^{\to }S}$ is a relation between $X$ and $Z.$ Its graph is defined as $\\{(x,z)\ :\ x\mathrel {(S\circ R)} z{\text{ and for all }y\in Y\ (x\mathrel {R} y{\text{ implies }y\mathrel {S} z)\\}.}}$

Conversely, their **left demonic composition** $R{\textbf {;}^{\leftarrow }S}$ is defined by $\\{(x,z)\ :\ x\mathrel {(S\circ R)} z{\text{ and for all }y\in Y\ (y\mathrel {S} z{\text{ implies }x\mathrel {R} y)\\}.}}$

* Backhouse, Roland; van der Woude, Jaap (1993), "Demonic operators and monotype factors", *Mathematical Structures in Computer Science*, **3** (4): 417–433, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.40.9602, doi:10.1017/S096012950000030X, MR 1249420.


title: Dellamora iridescens

abstract: Dellamora iridescens is a species of beetle in the genus Dellamora. It was discovered in 1930.

text:
# Dellamora iridescens

***Dellamora iridescens*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Dellamora*. It was discovered in 1930.

## InfoBox

| *Dellamora iridescens* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Subfamily: | Mordellinae |
| Tribe: | Mordellistenini |
| Genus: | *Dellamora* |
| Species: | ***D. iridescens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dellamora iridescens***<br>Ray, 1930 | |
|


title: Rahul Suntah

abstract: Rahul Suntah is a Mauritian composer, music producer and pianist. Rahul was featured on BBC and ITV for his viral piano covers of popular songs reaching millions of views on Instagram and his innovative ways of playing the piano.

text:
# Rahul Suntah

**Rahul Suntah** (born June 6, 1997) is a Mauritian composer, music producer and pianist. Rahul was featured on BBC and ITV for his viral piano covers of popular songs reaching millions of views on Instagram and his innovative ways of playing the piano.

## Early life

Suntah is a classically trained pianist who started learning the piano aged 8, at the *Frederic Chopin Conservatory of Music* situated in his hometown in Mauritius where he studied ABRSM Piano and Music Theory for 7 years. Suntah attended the Collège du Saint-Esprit in Mauritius from 2009 to 2016 for his Higher School Certificate and his A-level. Suntah pursued his tertiary studies abroad in the UK and got his Bachelor's degree in *Audio and Music Technology* from UWE Bristol in 2019 and his Master's degree in *Composition for Film and Television* from the University of Bristol in the UK in 2021. Suntah temporarily moved to Carlisle after his studies before moving to London in 2022 for 2 years where he worked as a professional pianist and a music teacher.

## Career

Suntah began composing music at the age of 13 and was a self-taught pianist after finishing his ABRSM Grade 5 exams. After finishing high school, Suntah decided to pursue his studies in Audio and Music Technology at the University of the West of England in Bristol in 2016, graduating in July 2019 with focus in composition, production and sound engineering. During his time at university he was among the winners of the annual UWE Bristol Talent Show in 2019. In February 2020, Suntah independently released his debut EP entitled *Piano Stories* entirely composed and self-produced by himself. In August 2020, Suntah was among the finalists of the Mauritian talent show *Zenes Montre To Talan depi Lakaz*. In early 2021, Suntah was featured as a spotlight artist on BBC Music Introducing talking about his original composition *Paradise Island* which eventually made the list for the top tracks of 2021. Suntah started getting recognition online after several of his videos went viral on Instagram and Facebook such as his piano rendition of Mozart's Rondo Alla Turca. His first ever viral video was his cover of the popular hit Despacito in 2017, which had attracted over ten thousand followers on his instagram page in the span of a few weeks.

Passionate about cinematography and film music, Suntah pursued a Master's degree in Film Scoring on scholarship at the University of Bristol, graduating in 2021. His cover of Gorillaz's Feel Good Inc. caught the attention of the popular American viral video show Right This Minute, was featured on BBC Radio Bristol's website in October 2021 and currently has millions of views on his instagram. Suntah was invited to play at a prestigious concert in Manchester Cathedral in February 2022 and was interviewed by british news programme ITV News about his musical career and his first UK concert. Suntah subsequently had his first solo concerts in Bristol and London in 2022. Suntah's cover of I'm So Excited by The Pointer Sisters was used in *Maandag* 's TV advert, a Dutch recruitment agency promoting new jobs in Amsterdam. Suntah was invited to star in the commercial in November 2022 directed and produced by *The Family Amsterdam*, an advertising agency working with the likes of Cara Delevingne and Snoop Dogg and was also invited to open for *Maandag* 's award show. Suntah was featured as a green room guest on BBC Radio London to chat about his career and perform live on radio. Suntah gave an exciting opportunity to young piano prodigy *Rebecca Seziba* from Cape Town, who went viral in early 2023, to join him in a virtual duet for his original composition *Home Bound*. The story attracted the support of popular american actress Viola Davis who shared their collaboration on her instagram page. Suntah had his first sold out solo show in his homeland Mauritius in 2024.

## Musical style and influences

Rahul has been described as a versatile musician and a piano prodigy known for blending Classical and Popular music and for reshaping the way the piano is played, using unconventional piano extended techniques and live loop setups with a Novation Launchpad while also incorporating a wide range of other musical genres such as Electronic, Jazz, Rock, Pop, R&B, Bollywood and EDM. Rahul cites many artists that influenced and inspired him across many genres such as Beethoven, Mozart, Chopin, Hans Zimmer, John Williams, Charlie Puth, Jacob Collier, Jamie Cullum, Daft Punk, Michael Jackson, Queen, Peter Bence, The Piano Guys and many more.

## Discography

List of Studio Albums/EPs/Singles by Rahul Suntah
| Album/EP/Single | Details |
| --- | --- |
| ***Piano Stories (EP)*** | * **Released**: February 1, 2020 * **Format**: Digital download, Streaming * **Tracklist**: 1. *Space Wander* 2. *Stardust Lullaby* 3. *Moon Waltz* 4. *Paradise Island* 5. *Home Bound* |
| ***Cinematic Wonders (Album)*** | * **Released**: December 19, 2021 * **Format**: Digital download, Streaming |
| ***Horizons (Single)*** | * **Released**: November 7, 2022 * **Format**: Digital download, Streaming |
| ***Super Piano (Album)*** | * **Released**: December 21, 2023 * **Format**: Digital download, Streaming |

## Published Sheet Music Arrangements

* *Paradise Island*, Rahul Suntah
* *Space Wander*, Rahul Suntah
* *Home Bound*, Rahul Suntah
* *Fly me to the Moon*, Frank Sinatra
* *Blinding Lights*, The Weeknd
* *Underdog*, Alicia Keys
* *She Will Be Loved*, Maroon 5
* *Shape of You*, Ed Sheeran
* *Despacito*, Luis Fonsi & Daddy Yankee
* *Échame la Culpa*, Luis Fonsi & Demi Lovato
* *The Avengers*, Alan Silvestri
* *Señorita*, Shawn Mendes & Camila Cabello
* *Another One Bites the Dust*, Queen.

## Awards

| Year | Organisation | Award | Result | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2019 | UWE Bristol | UWE Bristol's Got Talent 2019 | Won |  |
| 2020 | Ministry of Youth, Empowerment, Sports & Recreation | Zenes Montre To Talan Depi Lakaz 2020 | Nominated |  |

## InfoBox

| Rahul Suntah | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1997-06-06) June 6, 1997<br>Quatre Bornes, Mauritius |
| Origin | Mauritius |
| Genres |  |
| Occupation(s) | Composer, arranger, music producer, pianist |
| Instruments |  |
| Years active | 2005–present |
| Labels |  |
|  | |
| Website | rahulsuntah.com |


title: Bear River

abstract: Bear River may mean:

text:
# Bear River

**Bear River** may mean:

## Populated places

## Rivers

### Canada

Alberta British Columbia * Bear River (British Columbia), a river in British Columbia, entering the head of the Portland Canal at the community of Stewart
* Bear River (Sustut River), a river in the northwestern Omineca Country of the British Columbia Interior, tributary to the Skeena River via the Sustut River
* Bedwell River, once officially, and still commonly, known as Bear River, in the Clayoquot Sound area of Vancouver Island, British Columbia

Nova Scotia Ontario

### United States

California Colorado Georgia Maine Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Utah Washington Wisconsin

## Other

* Bear River (tribe), a Native American group in California, United States
* Bear River First Nation, a government of the indigenous Mi'kmaq people located in Bear River, Nova Scotia, Canada
* Bear River Massacre, an 1863 massacre of Shoshone by the United States Army in Idaho, United States
* Bear River Glacier, the official name of the glacier enshrined in Bear Glacier Provincial Park near Stewart, British Columbia, Canada
* Bear River High School, a public high school in Grass Valley, California, United States
* Bear River Pass, a pass to the north of Stewart, British Columbia, Canada, at the divide between the basins of the Bear and Meziadin Rivers
* Bear River Range, a mountain range located in northeastern Utah and southeastern Idaho


title: Raether limit

abstract: The Raether limit is the physical limiting value of the multiplication factor (M) or gas gain in an ionization avalanche process. Even though, theoretically, it seems as if M can increase without limit (exponentially), physically, it is limited to about M < 10⁸ or αx < 20. Heinz Raether postulated that this was due to the effect of the space charge on the electric field. The multiplication factor or gas gain is of fundamental importance for the operation of the proportional counter and Geiger counter ionizing radiation detectors.

text:
# Raether limit

The **Raether limit** is the physical limiting value of the multiplication factor (M) or gas gain in an ionization avalanche process (Townsend avalanche).

Even though, theoretically, it seems as if M can increase without limit (exponentially), physically, it is limited to about *M* \< 108 or α*x* \< 20 (where α is the first Townsend coefficient and x is the length of the path of ionization, starting from the point of the primary ionization).

Heinz Raether postulated that this was due to the effect of the space charge on the electric field.

The multiplication factor or gas gain is of fundamental importance for the operation of the proportional counter and Geiger counter ionizing radiation detectors.

## Sources

* *The Mechanism of the Electric Spark*, Leonard Benedict Loeb, John M. Meek. Stanford University Press, 1941
* *High Voltage Engineering*, M S Naidu, V Kamarju. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2009


title: Single-blade propeller

abstract: A single-blade propeller may be used on aircraft to generate thrust. Normally propellers are multi-blades but the simplicity of a single-blade propeller fits well on motorized gliders, because it permits the design of a smaller aperture of the glider fuselage for retraction of the power plant. The counterbalanced teetering mono-blade propeller generates fewer vibrations than conventional multi-blade configurations. Often, single blade propeller configurations are touted as having a much greater efficiency than multi-blade propellers, but this is a falsehood outside the inertial losses in spinning a heavier propeller, and the minimal additional drag from added blades. Single bladed propellers are principally used to fulfill engineering requirements that fall outside the scope of efficiency.

text:
# Single-blade propeller

A **single-blade propeller** may be used on aircraft to generate thrust. Normally propellers are multi-blades but the simplicity of a single-blade propeller fits well on motorized gliders, because it permits the design of a smaller aperture of the glider fuselage for retraction of the power plant. The counterbalanced teetering mono-blade propeller generates fewer vibrations than conventional multi-blade configurations. Often, single blade propeller configurations are touted as having a much greater efficiency than multi-blade propellers, but this is a falsehood outside the inertial losses in spinning a heavier propeller, and the minimal additional drag from added blades. Single bladed propellers are principally used to fulfill engineering requirements that fall outside the scope of efficiency.

## Patents

## Sources


title: Diadiaba

abstract: Diadiaba is a village in the Bassar Prefecture in the Kara Region of north-western Togo.

text:
# Diadiaba

**Diadiaba** is a village in the Bassar Prefecture in the Kara Region of north-western Togo.

1. Maplandia world gazetteer

## InfoBox

| Diadiaba | |
| --- | --- |
| DiadiabaLocation in Togo | |
| Coordinates: 9°51′N 0°22′E / 9.850°N 0.367°E / 9.850; 0.367 | |
| Country | Togo |
| Region | Kara Region |
| Prefecture | Bassar |
| Time zone | UTC \+ 0 |


title: Cealadragus

abstract: Cealadragus was a prince of the Confederation of the Veleti. He was the second son of Liub. In 823, his brother, Milegast, who, at the time, was a ruler of the Veleti, was deposed, with Cealadragus replacing him. It is unknown how long Cealadragus ruled.

text:
# Cealadragus

**Cealadragus** (8th/9th century) was a prince of the Confederation of the Veleti. He was the second son of Liub. In 823, his brother, Milegast, who, at the time, was a ruler of the Veleti, was deposed, with Cealadragus replacing him. It is unknown how long Cealadragus ruled.

## History

Cealadragus, born at the end of 8th century, or in the beginning of the 9th century, was the youngest, second son of Liub, a ruler of the Confederation of the Veleti, located in Western Pomerania, in Central Europe. He had an older brother, Milegast.

His father died in 823, in the battle fought against the tribe of Obotrites. After his death, Milegast succeeded to the throne, becoming the ruler of the Confederation of the Veleti. He had ruled against the tribal customs and attempted to strengthen his ruling power and weaken the power of the tribal meetings. This led to an uprising in 823, in the result of which, he was deposed, and replaced by his brother, Cealadragus. In the same year, in the meeting in Frankfurt, Emperor Louis the Pious, ruler of the Carolingian Empire, had validated Cealadragus's claim to the throne, ending the dispute between brothers.

1. *Słownik starożytności słowiańskich*, vol. 3, part 1, Wrocław, 1967. (in Polish)
2. Jerzy Strzelczyk, *Po tamtej stronie Odry. Dzieje i upadek Słowian połabskich*. Warsaw: Ksia̜żka i wiedza, 1968, p. 58. (in Polish)
3. Christian Hanewinkel: *Die politische Bedeutung der Elbslawen im Hinblick auf die Herrschaftsveränderungen im ostfränkischen Reich und in Sachsen von 887–936. Politische Skizzen zu den östlichen Nachbarn im 9. und 10. Jahrhundert*. Münster, 2004, p. 64f. (in German)
4. Kazimierz Wachowski, Gerard Labuda: *Słowiańszczyzna zachodnia*. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciól Nauk, 2000, p. 67. ISBN 9788370632717. (in Polish)
5. Paval Urban: *Staražytnyja lićviny: mova, pachodžańnie, etničnaja prynaliežnaść*. Miensk, 2001. p. 47. (in Belarusian)

## InfoBox

| Cealadragus | |
| --- | --- |
| Prince of the Veleti | |
| Reign | 823–? |
| Predecessor | Milegast |
|  | |
| Father | Liub |


title: The Voice Weekly

abstract: The Voice Weekly was a news journal published in Burmese language. The journal was launched in 2004, and the first issue appeared in September 2004. The founding publisher was Myanmar Partners Think Tank Group. It was more focused on Burmese political issues. It was suspended one week together with 7 Days News for publishing Aung San Suu Kyi news on front page in November 2011. The magazine was suspended by the government in July 2012. Following the seizure of power by the military government in February 2021, it was officially announced that the Voice Weekly journal would cease publication in March of the same year.

text:
# The Voice Weekly

***The Voice Weekly*** was a news journal published in Burmese language. The journal was launched in 2004, and the first issue appeared in September 2004. The founding publisher was Myanmar Partners Think Tank Group. It was more focused on Burmese political issues. It was suspended one week together with *7 Days News* for publishing Aung San Suu Kyi news on front page in November 2011. The magazine was suspended by the government in July 2012.

Following the seizure of power by the military government in February 2021, it was officially announced that the Voice Weekly journal would cease publication in March of the same year.

## InfoBox

*The Voice Weekly*
| Editor | Kyaw Min Swe |
| --- | --- |
| Editor-in-Charge | Thu Rein Hlaing |
| Categories | News magazine |
| Frequency | Weekly |
| Publisher | Myanmar Partners Think Tank Group |
| Founded | 2004 |
| First issue | September 2004 |
| Final issue | July 2012 |
| Company | Living Color Media Co., Ltd. |
| Country | Myanmar |
| Based in | Yangon |
| Language | Burmese |
| Website | thevoicemyanmar.com |


title: Pseudogiria

abstract: Pseudogiria is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Emilio Berio in 1965.

text:
# Pseudogiria

***Pseudogiria*** is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Emilio Berio in 1965.

## Species

* De Prins, J. & De Prins, W. (2019). "*Pseudogiria* Berio, 1965". *Afromoths*. Retrieved February 13, 2020.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudogiria* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Pseudogiria variabilis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Calpinae |
| Genus: | ***Pseudogiria***<br>Berio, 1965 |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pteronycta* Hampson, 1926 | |


title: Pseudhippopsis ituriensis

abstract: Pseudhippopsis ituriensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1971.

text:
# Pseudhippopsis ituriensis

***Pseudhippopsis ituriensis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1971.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudhippopsis ituriensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Pseudhippopsis*** |
| Species: | ***P. ituriensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudhippopsis ituriensis***<br>Breuning, 1971 | |
|


title: Pseudhippopsis albescens

abstract: Pseudhippopsis albescens is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1940.

text:
# Pseudhippopsis albescens

***Pseudhippopsis albescens*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1940.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudhippopsis albescens* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Pseudhippopsis*** |
| Species: | ***P. albescens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudhippopsis albescens***<br>Breuning, 1940 | |
|


title: Pseudotetracha crucigera

abstract: Pseudotetracha crucigera is a species of tiger beetle in the subfamily Cicindelinae that was described by William John Macleay in 1863. It is endemic to Australia.

text:
# Pseudotetracha crucigera

***Pseudotetracha crucigera*** is a species of tiger beetle in the subfamily Cicindelinae that was described by William John Macleay in 1863. It is endemic to Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudotetracha crucigera* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cicindelidae |
| Genus: | *Pseudotetracha* |
| Species: | ***P. crucigera*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudotetracha crucigera***<br>(W. J. Macleay, 1863) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Megacephala crucigera* Macleay, 1863 | |


title: Pseudomusonia rapax

abstract: Pseudomusonia rapax is a species of praying mantis native to Costa Rica and Venezuela.

text:
# Pseudomusonia rapax

***Pseudomusonia rapax*** is a species of praying mantis native to Costa Rica and Venezuela.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudomusonia rapax* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Mantodea |
| Family: | Thespidae |
| Genus: | *Pseudomusonia* |
| Species: | ***P. rapax*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudomusonia rapax***<br>Saussure & Zehntner, 1894 | |
|


title: Pseudomyas

abstract: Pseudomyas is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae. This genus has a single species, Pseudomyas doramasensis. It is found in the Canary Islands.

text:
# Pseudomyas

***Pseudomyas*** is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae. This genus has a single species, *Pseudomyas doramasensis*. It is found in the Canary Islands.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudomyas* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Subfamily: | Platyninae |
| Tribe: | Sphodrini |
| Subtribe: | Atranopsina |
| Genus: | *Pseudomyas*
Uyttenboogaart, 1929 |
| Species: | ***P. doramasensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudomyas doramasensis***
Uyttenboogaart, 1929 | |
|


title: Pseudomyoleja

abstract: Pseudomyoleja is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.

text:
# Pseudomyoleja

***Pseudomyoleja*** is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudomyoleja* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Section: | Schizophora |
| Subsection: | Acalyptratae |
| Superfamily: | Tephritoidea |
| Family: | Tephritidae |
| Genus: | ***Pseudomyoleja*** |
|


title: Pterogmus

abstract: Pterogmus is a genus in the ground beetle family Carabidae. This genus has a single species, Pterogmus rufipes. It is found in Australia.

text:
# Pterogmus

***Pterogmus*** is a genus in the ground beetle family Carabidae. This genus has a single species, *Pterogmus rufipes*. It is found in Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Pterogmus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Tribe: | Moriomorphini |
| Subtribe: | Moriomorphina |
| Genus: | *Pterogmus*
Sloane, 1920 |
| Species: | ***P. rufipes*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pterogmus rufipes***
Sloane, 1920 | |
|


title: Psilocybe weldenii

abstract: Psilocybe weldenii is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. The mushroom contains the medicinal compound psilocybin.

text:
# Psilocybe weldenii

***Psilocybe weldenii*** is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. The mushroom contains the medicinal compound psilocybin.

## InfoBox

| *Psilocybe weldenii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Hymenogastraceae |
| Genus: | *Psilocybe* |
| Species: | ***P. weldenii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Psilocybe weldenii***<br>Guzmán | |
|


title: Pseudonagoda

abstract: Pseudonagoda is a genus of moths of the family Limacodidae.

text:
# Pseudonagoda

***Pseudonagoda*** is a genus of moths of the family Limacodidae.

## Species

* Solovyev, Alexey V., 2009, Notes on South-East Asian *Limacodidae* (Lepidoptera, Zygaenoidea) with one new genus and eleven new species. *Tijdschrift voor Entomology* **152 (1)**: 167-183.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudonagoda* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Limacodidae |
| Genus: | *Pseudonagoda*<br>Holloway, 1990 |
|


title: Ptilotus polystachyus

abstract: Ptilotus polystachyus is a perennial herb in the Amaranthaceae family.

text:
# Ptilotus polystachyus

***Ptilotus polystachyus*** (common name - **Prince of Wales feather**) is a perennial herb in the Amaranthaceae family.

## Description

*P. polystachyus* grows to 1-1.5m tall. Stems are ribbed with short crisped or verticillate hairs near the base, and can be simple or paniculately branching, in clumps up to 2m in diameter. Leaves are alternate, cauline, linear to lanceolate, with margins undulate, 10-210 mm long and 1.5-36 mm wide.

Inflorescences are terminal, cylindrical, greenish-brown, 20-210 mm long and can contain more than 150 flowers. Bracts are narrow- to broad-ovate, with sparse verticillate hairs, glabrescent, and 3.1-7.1 mm long. Bracteoles are broad-ovate, translucent, glabrous or sparsely hairy, and 3-5.6 mm long. Flowers are borne on 0.2-1.3 mm long peduncles, with perianth segments linear-spathulate, acute, and 12-16 mm long. Flowers have 3 or 4 stamens and 1 or 2 staminodes and deep-red at the base. Ovary is subsessile and glabrous.

## Distribution

*Ptilotus polystachyus* is endemic to Australia and found in all mainland states and the Northern Territory. It occurs more frequently in the drier inland parts of the continent, and is thought to be opportunistic in disturbed areas such as road edges.

## Taxonomy

It was first described in 1829 by Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré as *Trichinium polystachyum*, but was redescribed in 1868 by Ferdinand von Mueller as belonging to the genus *Ptilotus.* In 2010 *P. polystachyus sensu lato* was divided into two genera, with *P. polystachyus var. polystachyus* and *var. arthrotrichus* remaining as *P. polystachyus* and *var. longistachyus* and *var. pullenii* erected as the new species *Polystachyus giganteus*.

## InfoBox

| *Ptilotus polystachyus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Amaranthaceae |
| Genus: | *Ptilotus* |
| Species: | ***P. polystachyus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ptilotus polystachyus***
(Gaudich.) F.Muell. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Ptilotus alopecuroideus* (Lindl.) F.Muell.
*Ptilotus alopecuroideus* var. *rubriflorus* J.M.Black
*Ptilotus alopecuroideus* f. *rubriflorus* (J.M.Black) Benl
*Ptilotus polystachyus* f. *ruber* Benl
*Ptilotus polystachyus* f. *rubriflorus* (J.M.Black) Benl
*Trichinium alopecuroideum* Lindl.
*Trichinium alopecuroideum* var. *rubriflorum* J.M.Black
*Trichinium candicans* Nees
*Trichinium conicum* Lindl.
*Trichinium pallidum* Moq.
*Trichinium polystachyum* Gaudich.
*Trichinium preissii* Nees | |


title: Pubis Angelical

abstract: Pubis Angelical is a 1979 novel by acclaimed Argentine novelist Manuel Puig. It is perhaps Puig's work most influenced by pop culture. This can be seen in the montage imitating narrative technique, soap opera and science fiction elements. Also like other Puig works, it deals with psychological and sexual issues. A film was released in 1981.

text:
# Pubis Angelical

***Pubis Angelical*** is a 1979 novel by acclaimed Argentine novelist Manuel Puig. It is perhaps Puig's work most influenced by pop culture. This can be seen in the montage imitating narrative technique, soap opera and science fiction elements. Also like other Puig works, it deals with psychological and sexual issues.

A film was released in 1981.

## Plot introduction

The narrative alternates between separate narratives. One is reality, an Argentine woman confined to a Mexican sanitarium in the 1970s. The others are a representation of her unconscious. In this second narrative, the woman is in Central Europe in the years leading up to World War II. She is here involved in various intrigues, and carries on an extramarital romance. The third narrative, another representation of the protagonist's unconscious, is a science fiction tale involving a cyborg woman named W218 in a post-apocalyptic Polar Age, who serves the government by performing sexual therapy on aging men, and is therefore in a sense a government sponsored prostitute.

## InfoBox

Pubis angelical
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Manuel Puig |
| Language | Spanish |
| Genre | Novel |
| Publisher | Seix Barral |
| Publication date | 1979 |
| Publication place | Argentina |


title: Pseudoricia

abstract:
Pseudoricia is a genus of moths of the family Notodontidae. It consists of the following species:
  - Pseudoricia flavizoma Miller, 2008
  - Pseudoricia ovisigna
  - Pseudoricia sibyllae

text:
# Pseudoricia

***Pseudoricia*** is a genus of moths of the family Notodontidae. It consists of the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Pseudoricia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Notodontidae |
| Tribe: | Dioptini |
| Genus: | *Pseudoricia*<br>Prout, 1918 |
|


title: Public Connectivity System (SPC)

abstract: The Public Connectivity System, also known as the System of Public Connectivity (SPC) is a network that connects Italy's government agencies, allowing them to share and exchange data and information resources. The system is managed by DigitPA.

text:
# Public Connectivity System (SPC)

The **Public Connectivity System**, also known as the **System of Public Connectivity (SPC)** is a network that connects Italy's government agencies, allowing them to share and exchange data and information resources. The system is managed by DigitPA.

## Establishment

The system was established and is governed by the Legislative Decree of February 28, 2005, no. 42. The Decree was in turn merged into the Legislative Decree of March 7, 2005, n. 82, defined as:

> "the set of Infrastructure Technology rules and techniques for developing, sharing, integration and dissemination of information assets and government data, necessary to ensure basic interoperability and application cooperation and evolved computer systems and information flows, ensuring security, confidentiality and preservation of information assets and the autonomy of each government."

## Basic principles

## Security

Central coordination of safety management is carried out by CERT-SPC. The Local Unit Security (ULS) established in the domains related to SPC, in conjunction with the SOC (Security Operation Center) provides access to federated network SPC (Fastweb, Telecom, Wind and BT) to oversee the operational management and continuous operation. Until 2009, the management model of security in SPC also provided a Management Centre, whose duties were transferred to the SOC.


title: Pterostylis decurva

abstract: Pterostylis decurva, commonly known as the summer greenhood, is a species of orchid endemic to south-eastern Australia. As with similar greenhoods, the flowering plants differ from those which are not flowering. The non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves but the flowering plants have a single flower with leaves on the flowering spike. This greenhood usually flowers in summer and has a white flower with green stripes and a brownish tinge. It is similar to P. aestiva but has paler green flowers.

text:
# Pterostylis decurva

***Pterostylis decurva***, commonly known as the **summer greenhood**, is a species of orchid endemic to south-eastern Australia. As with similar greenhoods, the flowering plants differ from those which are not flowering. The non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves but the flowering plants have a single flower with leaves on the flowering spike. This greenhood usually flowers in summer and has a white flower with green stripes and a brownish tinge. It is similar to *P. aestiva* but has paler green flowers.

## Description

*Pterostylis decurva* is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and when not flowering, a rosette of two to five leaves often held above the ground on a stalk up to 100 mm long. Each leaf is oblong to egg-shaped, 10–30 mm long and 10–20 mm wide. Flowering plants have a single flower 18–25 mm long and 7–9 mm wide borne on a spike 150–300 mm high with four or five stem leaves. The flowers are white with green stripes and a brown tinge in the galea. The dorsal sepal and petals are fused, forming a hood or "galea" over the column. The dorsal sepal curves forward, often downwards, with a thread-like tip 15–20 mm long. The lateral sepals are held closely against the galea, have an erect, thread-like tip 30–40 mm long and a broad, slightly protruding, U-shaped sinus between their bases. The labellum is 12–15 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, brown, blunt, and curved and protrudes above the sinus. Flowering occurs from October to March.

## Taxonomy and naming

*Pterostylis decurva* was first formally described in 1923 by Richard Sanders Rogers and the description was published in *Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia*. The specific epithet (*decurva*) is a Latin word meaning "curved or bent downwards".

## Distribution and habitat

The summer greenhood grows on the higher parts of the ranges and tablelands of Victoria, New South Wales south from Werrikimbe National Park and Tasmania where it sometimes also grows at lower altitudes.

## InfoBox

| Summer greenhood | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Pterostylis decurva* growing near the Meander River in Tasmania | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
| Tribe: | Cranichideae |
| Genus: | *Pterostylis* |
| Species: | ***P. decurva*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pterostylis decurva***<br>R.S.Rogers | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Diplodium decurvum* (R.S.Rogers) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. | |