title: Dear Dictator

abstract: Dear Dictator is a 2018 American satire comedy film written and directed by Lisa Addario and Joe Syracuse. The film stars Michael Caine, Katie Holmes, Odeya Rush, Seth Green, and Jason Biggs. The plot follows a sixteen-year-old American girl who becomes the pen pal of a notorious island nation dictator even when he is deposed.

text:
# Dear Dictator

***Dear Dictator*** is a 2018 American satire comedy film written and directed by Lisa Addario and Joe Syracuse. The film stars Michael Caine, Katie Holmes, Odeya Rush, Seth Green, and Jason Biggs.

The plot follows a sixteen-year-old American girl who becomes the pen pal of a notorious island nation dictator even when he is deposed.

## Plot

Tatiana Mills (Odeya Rush), a sixteen-year-old American girl, lives a quasi-chaotic life with her single mother Darlene (Katie Holmes), who is in a complex romantic relationship with her married boss Dr. Charles (Seth Green) who is a dentist with a foot fetish. In a letter-writing exercise started by her Social studies teacher Mr. Spines (Jason Biggs), Tatiana becomes pen pals with Anton Vincent (Michael Caine), a notorious island nation dictator.

When Vincent is deposed by his own people, who rise up against his violent and oppressive rule, he disappears, causing Tatiana to worry about his safety. A few days later, he unexpectedly arrives in the United States and seeks refuge in Tatiana's suburban garage. There, he develops a grandfatherly relationship with the teen and her struggling mother, becoming a useful man around the house while organizing his restoration as a leader with loyalist forces back in his unnamed homeland.

Anton shifts his focus to Tatiana's high school life and her desire to deliver payback to the popular girls who bully her. He makes her a dictator-in-training and teaches her to rise to power in her school in a similar way to his ascent to power in the Caribbean. Ultimately his plans go too far, putting him at odds with Tatiana, who also comes under investigation from the security services who have picked up on Anton's communication with his loyalist forces and suspect she is involved with terrorism.

The police interview Tatiana and Darlene and search their house, blissfully unaware that the old man in the house is Anton Vincent – whose whereabouts are unknown. No evidence is found and they are released, but upon release, Tatiana informs the police that the old man is Vincent and he is arrested pending extradition.

## Cast

* Michael Caine as General Anton Vincent
* Katie Holmes as Darlene Mills
* Odeya Rush as Tatiana Mills
* Seth Green as Dr. Charles Seaver
* Jason Biggs as Mr. Spines
* Jackson Beard as Denny
* Jay Willick as Det. Diggs
* Adrian Voo as Neighbor
* Fish Myrr as Sarvia
* Hannah Joy Brown as Chivas
* Jordyn Cavros as Gigi
* Tony Guerrero as Pastor Ramirez
* Dana Joyce Schiller as Detective Spano
* Jacob Grodnik as Teddy

## Production

The script was shown among the 2006 Black List of unproduced scripts. Also in 2006, the script was presented as a staged reading at the Nantucket Film Festival. Alfred Molina, Robert De Niro and Anthony Hopkins were previously attached as the dictator role. On June 8, 2016, Michael Caine and Maisie Williams were announced as the lead stars of the film.

Principal photography on the film began on July 29, 2016, at 402 Arlington rd. in Savannah, Georgia. First photographs of Katie Holmes and Odeya Rush filming scenes for the film were published on E! News on July 31, 2016. Production wrapped in October 2016.

## Release

*Dear Dictator* held advance screenings, under its working title *Coup d'Etat*, at the Nantucket Film Festival, New Jersey Indie Street Film Festival, Carmel International Film Festival and the Napa Valley Film Festival.

Cinedigm released the film in North America simultaneously in theaters and on video on demand on March 16, 2018, followed by a DVD release on April 24, 2018. The first trailer was released on January 17, 2018.

### Critical response

The film received negative reviews, but the performances of Caine and Rush were praised. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 16% based on 25 reviews, and an average rating of 3.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "*Dear Dictator* never comes close to taking advantage of its wildly silly premise -- or the assortment of talented veterans who round out the cast." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 44 out of 100, based on 8 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". *The Hollywood Reporter* reviewer Justin Lowe commended the film, suggesting "If only every international political crisis were this amusing."

## InfoBox

| Dear Dictator | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | * Lisa Addario * Joe Syracuse |
| Written by | * Lisa Addario * Joe Syracuse |
| Produced by | * Mary Aloe * Lucas Jarach * Jorge Garcia Castro * Robert Ogden Barnum * Daniel Grodnik * Jake Shapiro |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Wyatt Troll |
| Edited by | Kent Beyda |
| Music by | Sebastián Kauderer |
| Production<br>companies | * Fortitude Films * Hector Coup * Defiant Pictures * Coastal Film Studios |
| Distributed by |  |
| Release date | * March 16, 2018 (2018-03-16) (United States) |
| Running time | 90 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $6.7 million |


title: Dear Diz (Every Day I Think of You)

abstract: Dear Diz is an album by Cuban jazz trumpeter Arturo Sandoval that won the Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album in 2013. The album is Sandoval's tribute to his friend, Dizzy Gillespie. Musicians on the album include Gary Burton, Eddie Daniels, Joey DeFrancesco, and Bob Mintzer.

text:
# Dear Diz (Every Day I Think of You)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Dear Diz (Every Day I Think of You)*** is an album by Cuban jazz trumpeter Arturo Sandoval that won the Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album in 2013. The album is Sandoval's tribute to his friend, Dizzy Gillespie. Musicians on the album include Gary Burton, Eddie Daniels, Joey DeFrancesco, and Bob Mintzer.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Be Bop" | Dizzy Gillespie | 8:18 |
| 2. | "Salt Peanuts! (Mani Salado)" | Gillespie, Kenneth Clarke | 6:48 |
| 3. | "And Then She Stopped" | Gillespie | 5:18 |
| 4. | "Birks Works (a la Mancini)" | Gillespie | 6:04 |
| 5. | "Things to Come" | Gillespie, Walter Gilbert Fuller | 7:11 |
| 6. | "Fiesta Mojo" | Gillespie | 5:09 |
| 7. | "Con Alma (With Soul)" | Gillespie | 6:00 |
| 8. | "Tin Tin Deo" | Walter Fuller, Chano Pozo | 6:52 |
| 9. | "Algo Bueno (Woody and Me)" | Gillespie | 6:15 |
| 10. | "A Night in Tunisia (Actually an Entire Weekend!)" | Gillespie, Frank Paparelli | 7:23 |
| 11. | "Every Day I Think of You" | Arturo Sandoval | 4:27 |

## Personnel

### Production

* John Burk – executive producer
* Arturo Sandoval – producer
* Gregg Field – producer, recording, mixing
* Don Murray – recording, mixing
* Andrew Click – additional engineer
* Steve Genewick – additional engineer
* Dustin Higgins – additional engineer
* Gerrit Kinkel – additional engineer, assistant engineer
* Eddie Perez – additional engineer
* Bill Smith – additional engineer
* Chad Carlisle – assistant engineer
* Paul Blakemore – mastering at CMG Mastering (Cleveland, Ohio)
* Mary Hogan – A&R administration
* Albert J. Roman – package design
* Manny Iriarte – photography
* Phil Quartararo – management

## Charts

| Chart (2012–13) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Top Jazz Albums (*Billboard*) | 9 |

## InfoBox

| Dear Diz (Every Day I Think of You) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Arturo Sandoval | |
| Released | May 8, 2012 (2012-05-08) |
| Recorded | April–September 2011 |
| Studio | Glenwood Place Studios (Burbank, California) * G Studio Digital (Studio City, California) * Capitol Studios (Hollywood, California) * Stepbridge Studios (Santa Fe, New Mexico) * Turi's Music Recording Studio (Miami Springs, Florida) * Markee Sound Studios (Deerfield Beach, Florida) |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 69:45 |
| Label | Concord Jazz |
| Producer | Arturo Sandoval |
| Arturo Sandoval chronology | |
| *Arturo Sandoval & WDR Big Band Mambo Nights*
(2011) ***Dear Diz (Every Day I Think of You)***
(2012) *At Middleton*
(2014) | |


title: Dearest Enemy (TV series)

abstract: Dearest Enemy is a 1989 Australian sitcom about two newlyweds. The pilot episode starred John Waters and Jacki Weaver, who were replaced by Grigor Taylor and Linden Wilkinson for season one in 1989. In season two (1992), John Wood replaced Taylor.

text:
# Dearest Enemy (TV series)

***Dearest Enemy*** is a 1989 Australian sitcom about two newlyweds. The pilot episode starred John Waters and Jacki Weaver, who were replaced by Grigor Taylor and Linden Wilkinson for season one in 1989. In season two (1992), John Wood replaced Taylor.

## Plot

Two newlyweds with different political views deal with them and move on.

## Cast

## Production

Writer Michael Riordan's father Joe was a housing minister in the Whitman government. He approached John O'Grady and Geoff Portmann, the producers of *Mother and Son*, then shot a pilot in 1987 with Jacki Weaver and John Waters. Neither reprised their roles - he for stage commitments and she because of another sitcom, *House Rules*.

Critical reception was mixed.

The show returned in 1992 with John Wood replacing Taylor.

## InfoBox

| *Dearest Enemy* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Comedy |
| Written by | Michael Riordan |
| Starring | Grigor Taylor
John Wood
Bruce Spence
Frank Wilson
Linden Wilkinson |
| Country of origin | Australia |
| Original language | English |
| No. of episodes | 15 |
| Production | |
| Producers | Geoff Portman
John O'Grady |
| Running time | 30 mins |
| Original release | |
| Network | ABC |
| Release | 8 May 1989 (1989-05-08)
1992 (1992) |


title: Dearest Idol

abstract: Dearest Idol (1929) is a novel by Australian writer Martin Boyd. It was published under the author's pseudonym "Walter Beckett".

text:
# Dearest Idol

***Dearest Idol*** (1929) is a novel by Australian writer Martin Boyd. It was published under the author's pseudonym "Walter Beckett".

## Story outline

The novel is set in Europe and follows the story of a 19-year-old boy named Tony Dawson (called "Boysie" by his by Aunt Matilda). Tony and Matilda have moved to London, and Tony has left school and gone to work in a well-known bank. While working there he meets Boris and the novel explores the friendship that develops between them.

## Critical reception

In her PhD thesis titled "Deconstructing Martin Boyd : Homosocial Desire and the Transgressive Aesthetic", Jenny Blain notes in her introduction that "the novel's predominant focus \[is\] on narcissism, egoism and homosexual possibility. Tony is a monster of vanity and self-love; he also has an infantile fixation on adulation and power."

Martin Boyd was not acknowledged as the author of this book until this was unearthed in 1977 by Brenda Niall of Monash University and Terence O'Neill of Melbourne University.

## InfoBox

Dearest Idol
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Martin Boyd |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Fiction |
| Publisher | Bobbs-Merrill, Indiana, USA |
| Publication date | 1929 |
| Publication place | Australia |
| Media type | Print |
| Pages | 284 pp |
| Preceded by | *The Madeleine Heritage* |
| Followed by | *Scandal of Spring* |


title: Telegrame (film)

abstract: Telegrame is a 1959 Romanian comedy film directed by Aurel Miheleș and Gheorghe Naghi and starring Grigore Vasiliu Birlic. The film, based on the eponymous sketch by Ion Luca Caragiale, premiered in Romania on 1 March 1960. It was entered into the 1960 Cannes Film Festival.

text:
# Telegrame (film)

***Telegrame*** is a 1959 Romanian comedy film directed by Aurel Miheleș and Gheorghe Naghi and starring Grigore Vasiliu Birlic. The film, based on the eponymous sketch by Ion Luca Caragiale, premiered in Romania on 1 March 1960. It was entered into the 1960 Cannes Film Festival.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Telegrame | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Aurel Miheleș
Gheorghe Naghi |
| Written by | Ion Luca Caragiale
Mircea Ștefănescu |
| Starring | Grigore Vasiliu Birlic
Costache Antoniu
Jules Cazaban
Marcel Anghelescu
Mircea Șeptilici |
| Cinematography | Ion Cosma |
| Release date | * March 1, 1960 (1960-03-01) |
| Running time | 76 minutes |
| Country | Romania |
| Language | Romanian |


title: Telegram Corporation

abstract: Telegram Corporation was a Canadian media company created under a joint venture between John W. H. Bassett's Toronto Telegram newspaper and businessman John David Eaton, as one of three co-owners of CFTO-TV in 1960. When the Toronto Telegram was shut down in 1971, the company was renamed Baton Broadcasting Incorporated. Baton Broadcasting was renamed once again to Baton Broadcast System (BBS) in 1994. The Eatons sold their media stake in 1998, and the Bassetts retained sole control of BBS. That same year, BBS was renamed CTV.

text:
# Telegram Corporation

**Telegram Corporation** was a Canadian media company created under a joint venture between John W. H. Bassett's *Toronto Telegram* newspaper and businessman John David Eaton (a member of the prominent Eaton family), as one of three co-owners of CFTO-TV in 1960. When the *Toronto Telegram* was shut down in 1971, the company was renamed Baton Broadcasting Incorporated (after the Bassett and Eaton families).

Baton Broadcasting was renamed once again to Baton Broadcast System (BBS) in 1994. The Eatons sold their media stake in 1998, and the Bassetts retained sole control of BBS. That same year, BBS was renamed CTV.


title: Teodors Sukatnieks

abstract: Teodors Sukatnieks was a Latvian athlete. He competed in the men's discus throw at the 1924 Summer Olympics. He died during World War II in a Soviet prison camp.

text:
# Teodors Sukatnieks

**Teodors Sukatnieks** (born 19 May 1894, died between 1941 and 1944) was a Latvian athlete. He competed in the men's discus throw at the 1924 Summer Olympics. He died during World War II in a Soviet prison camp.

## InfoBox

Teodors Sukatnieks
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Latvian |
| Born | 19 May 1894
Ventspils, Russian Empire |
| Died | between 1941 and 1944
Sverdlovsk, Soviet Union |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Event | Discus throw |


title: Rencontres Trans Musicales

abstract:
Les Rencontres Trans Musicales is a music festival that lasts for 3 or 4 days. It is held annually in December. The festival takes place in Rennes, Brittany, France.
Since the festival's beginning, it has been renowned for revealing the "next big thing" in music.
The festival has become one of the most significant musical events in Europe, attracting over 62,000 people in 2013. It attracted over 80 groups and artists from over 26 nationalities and music industry professionals coming from all continents.

text:
# Rencontres Trans Musicales

**Les Rencontres Trans Musicales** (generally referred to as *Les Transmusicales de Rennes*) is a music festival that lasts for 3 or 4 days. It is held annually in December. The festival takes place in Rennes, Brittany, France. Since the festival's beginning, it has been renowned for revealing the "next big thing" in music. The festival has become one of the most significant musical events in Europe, attracting over 62,000 people in 2013. It attracted over 80 groups and artists from over 26 nationalities and music industry professionals coming from all continents.

## Historical

Les Rencontres Trans Musicales, often called *Les Trans*, was created in 1979 by Béatrice Macé, Jean-Louis Brossard, Hervé Bordier (until 1996), Jean-René Courtès (until 1989), and other music students. The association was initially in debt, which led to programming a benefit concert. The first concert took place in la salle de la Cité in June. Twelve bands performed on two nights to an audience of approximately 1800 people. The second concert was in December 2013. Jean-Louis Brossard is the artistic director and Sandrine Poutrel is the production manager. Jean-Louis Brossard and Béatrice Macé together lead Les Rencontres Trans Musicales. From the first concerts, before the word 'festival' had been attached to the event, the artistic bias of the line up was toward originality and new artistic forms. The artists who participated in the festival would often rise to the top of the music charts within a few months following their performance. Björk, Ben Harper and Lenny Kravitz all performed for the first time in public in the festival. It is considered that the festival boosted the popularity of Étienne Daho, Arno, Stephan Eicher, Les Négresses Vertes, Nirvana, Bérurier Noir, Denez Prigent, Daft Punk, Amadou & Mariam, Birdy Nam Nam, Justice, Fugees, Stromae, London Grammar and many other bands.

In 2004, the festival moved to the Parc Expo, close to Rennes Bretagne Airport. Some concerts are still organized in the town of Rennes. In 2004, the festival moved to the Parc Expo Since 1979, TRANS has shown the ability to capture the musical zeitgeist and to maintain with it a combination of discovery and influence. TRANS exported itself to China, Norway, Czech Republic and Russia. On 8 December 2010, l'Association des Trans Musicales launched a website that recounts the history of the festival.

## Line-up

**Striking artists**:

The Trans Musicales made it clear from the first edition, in June 1979, and their philosophy never changed:

* Reflect the reality of musical life
* Showcase emerging artists
* Find and promote artistic originality
* Help fulfill all the necessary conditions for experimentation

## The International Trans project

The international work has been going on since the end of the 1980s. Turned towards research and exploration of musical movements and where they originate, the programming puts us in touch with artists, labels, editors and agents on all continents. On the other hand, the Trans collaboration with foreign media and professionals is strong and continuous. Since the 2001 edition, the International Trans project consolidates and extends their work overseas, in partnership with Cultures France, a governmental operator on all international actions. The project was conceived as a way to extend the collaboration with the artists beyond the time span of a single edition. The line-up included bands that have performed or are about to perform the Trans in Rennes; they are joined by local artists.

### Previous actions

#### Expo 2002

The Trans Musicales team programmed two evenings at the Cargo, in Neuchâtel, for the Expo.

#### Trans/Ubu/Bato Fou

In March 2003 two evenings and two residencies opposing Dj Morpheus vs. El Diabolo (Réunion) and Dj Buddha vs. Tamm Ha Tamm (Réunion).

#### Norway 2005

During the festival, By-Larm, one evening in honour of Rennes and one improvised concert at the top of a glacier.

#### Beijing

18 and 19 June 2005 at Chaoyang Park. A huge stage, 16 artists in front of 16 000 spectators for the first open air festival in the Chinese capital.

#### Russia

In 2010, concerts took place in Moscow and Saint Petersburg. Hip-Hop, jazz and electronic music were the main events.

## Trans on Tour

Co-produced by the association Trans Musicales, Trans on Tour offers for the ninth year in a row, the opportunity for local bands to perform in the venues of the Great West. Kick-starting the festival, the main aim of this tour is to assist artists in developing their professionalism. The high point of this tour is a performance at the Trans Musicales for each participating band. The aim is to challenge aspiring artists with a stream of events requiring total immersion in a professional framework. Being on tour means many concert dates, in this case ending with a performance at a festival visited by professionals: this project is a life-size rehearsal for the life of a professional performer. Trans on Tour, conceived first as a boost to the local artistic scene, offers a wide range of tools to the bands: interviews at the beginning and the end of the tour, working time on the stage of the Ubu (local stage in Rennes), a regular follow-up by a specialised team, a promotional video and a dedicated stand at the festival's Village. During this tour with its twenty bands - out of which eight are on an accompaniment program – each concert concludes with the performance of an artist recommended by the host venue.


title: 1971 NHRA Winternationals

abstract: The 1971 NHRA Winternationals were a National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) drag racing event, held at Pomona, California on 7 February.

text:
# 1971 NHRA Winternationals

The **1971 NHRA Winternationals** were a National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) drag racing event, held at Pomona, California on 7 February.

## Background

The Funny Car Eliminator title at the 1971 Winternats would go to Roland Leong's Dodge Charger, *Hawaiian*,. with Butch Maas at the wheel. Don Garlits' novel rear-engined dragster, *Swamp Rat XIV*, appeared at the Winternats, qualifying with 6.8; his best time of the meet was a 6.70, over Jim Dunn's 7.58, in the semi-final: Garlits would win, when Kenny Safford broke in the final. The last Top Gas Eliminator crown, before NHRA abolished the class, went to Walt Stevens, at the wheel of Ken Theiss' twin-engined *Odd Couple* TG/D. Canadian Barrie Poole repeated his 1970 Winternats win in Super Stock, in a Sandy Elliot Mustang. Don Enriquez (in Gene Adams' A/FD) won Competition Eliminator, turning in a pass of 7.34 at 199 mph (320 km/h), quicker and faster than Steve Woods' hemi-engined BB/Gas Ford Anglia; the field also included twin-engine straight-six-cylinder-powered D/Ds, and AA/FAs.

The year's award for Best Engineered Car went to Jim Busby, with a dragster powered by a pair of injected 427 "Cammer" (SOHC) engines. (Hank Westmoreland failed to qualify the car, and it never ran again.)

The meet was marred by the death of "Sneaky Pete" Robinson, who wrecked his TF/D in qualifying, with a 6.77 pass, which would have been #4 qualifier.

## Results

### Top Fuel Dragster

The field was 32 cars. Ron Rivero, Larry Dixon, Jim Paoli, Gary Cochran, and John Mitchell attended, but failed to qualify.

#### Round one

Top qualifier Norm Wilcox (driving for Ted Gotelli) went out to #17 qualifier Jimmy King. "TV Tommy" Ivo, qualified #13, lost to Glen Woosley, who qualified #29. Larry Hendrickson qualified #24, losing to #8 qualifier Gerry Glenn. Jerry "The King" Ruth qualified #14, and was eliminated by #30 qualifier Carl Olson. #6 qualifier Rick Ramsey eliminated #22 qualifier Don "The Snake" Prudhomme. Don Cook qualified #28 and fell to Tom "Mongoo$e" McEwen. #31 qualifier Bill Alexander lost to #15 qualifier Kenny Safford (driving for Larry Bowers). Mike Tarter qualified #27 and lost to Jim Davis (qualified #11). #26 qualifier Tom Allen was eliminated by Don "Big Daddy" Garlits, who qualified #10 (in *Swamp Rat XIV*). #25 qualifier Denver Schutz lost to #9 qualifier Herman Petersen. Chris "The Greek" Karamesines qualified #7 and eliminated Paul Schoenfeld, who qualified #23. #22 qualifier Don Prudhomme was eliminated by #6 qualifier Rick Ramsey (in the Keeling & Clayton dragster). Les Allen qualified #21 and was beaten by Don Moody, who qualified #5. #32 qualifier Bill Dunlap lost to #16 qualifier Dennis Baca. #19 qualifier Ronnie Martin (later partner with Ronnie Sox) was eliminated by #3 qualifier Henry Harrison in the Ewell & Bell dragster. Jim Warren qualified #18, losing to #2 qualifier John Nichols (driving for Jerry Dee Hagood). Low qualifier Jim Dunn defeated #20 qualifier Ed Renck.

#### Round two

Dunn beat McEwen. Woosley was defeated by Moody. Glenn eliminated Baca. Davis lost to Harrison. King defeated Petersen. Safford lost to Karamesines. Olson defeated Ramsey. Nichols fell to Garlits.

#### Round three

Garlits defeated Olson. Moody fell to King. Glenn lost to Dunn. Safford eliminated Harrison.

#### Semi-final

Dunn was eliminated by Garlits, King by Safford.

#### Final

Garlits defeated Safford, when Safford broke. The win earned Garlits US$8,625.

### Top Fuel Funny Car

Top Fuel Funny Car was only a 16-car field.

#### Round one

Jake Johnston qualified #1 in the 1971 Dodge Charger owned by Gene Snow, and eliminated #9 qualifier Tom Prock. Snow qualified #2 in a 1971 Charger, beating Jim Dunn. Tom Hoover, qualifying #7, was eliminated by #15 qualifier Mike Snively. Qualifying #12, Kenny Goodell lost to Roland Leong's *Hawaiian*, driven by Butch Maas. Dave Condit qualified #13 and lost to #5 qualifier Larry Reyes (driving a 1971 Plymouth Barracuda owned by "Big John" Mamazian). Don "The Snake" Prudhomme qualified #14, and was eliminated by #6 qualifier Stan Shiroma. #3 qualifier Dick Tharp's 1971 Ford Mustang (owned by Harry Schmidt) lost to the Ramchargers 1971 Dodge Challenger of Leroy Goldstein. Low qualifier Don Schumacher went out to Rich Siroonian's Mamazian-owned 1971 Barracuda.

#### Round two

Snively lost to Goldstein. Maas defeated Siroonian. Reyes was defeated by Johnston. Snow eliminated Shiroma.

#### Semi-final

Snow was eliminated by Maas. Johnston fell to Goldstein.

#### Final

Maas took the win over Goldstein, for a prize of US$8625.

### Top Alcohol Dragster

#### Round one

#### Round two

#### Semi-final

#### Final

### Top Alcohol Funny Car

#### Round one

#### Round two

#### Semi-final

#### Final

### Top Gas

The field included 16 qualifiers.

#### Round one

Top qualifier Larry Van Unen lost to #9 qualifier Walt Stevens (driving Ken Theiss' twin-engined *Odd Couple* TG/D). Low qualifier Chuck Beal lost to #5 qualifier Bill Mullins.

#### Round two

Mullins beat #10 qualifier Gene Brasel, and Stevens eliminated #6 qualifier Ray Hadford.

#### Semi-final

Jerry Goddard, #8 qualifier, lost to Mullins. Don Hampton, qualified #7, was eliminated by Mullins.

#### Final

Mullins lost to Stevens in the final, earning Stevens US$7125.

### Pro Stock

The Pro Stock field was 16 cars. Attendees included Herb McCandless (qualified #2 in a 1970 Plymouth Barracuda), Dave Strickler (qualified #20), Jim Pettit (qualified #30), and Cecil Yother (qualified #31); none actually raced.

#### Round one

Top qualifier Ronnie Sox's Barracuda defeated #17 qualifier Dick Brannan. Rich Miracki, qualified # 27, lost to #11 qualifier "Dyno Don" Nicholson. #29 qualifier Ed Schartman lost to #13 qualifier Bill Jenkins' 1971 Chevrolet Camaro. #12 qualifier "Dandy Dick" Landy defeated #28 qualifier Hubert Platt. Bob Lambeck qualified #9 and eliminated #25 qualifier John Livingston. #22 qualifier Ed Miller lost to #6 qualifier Arlen Vanke. John Petrie qualified #3, and defeated #19 qualifier Ken Van Cleve. Bobby Yowell, #8 qualifier, lost to #24 qualifier Bill Tanner. Low qualifier Ed Terry was eliminated by #16 qualifier Wally Booth (driving a 1970 Camaro).

#### Round two

Tanner lost to Booth. Nicholson was eliminated by Petrie. Sox overcame Lambeck.

#### Semi-final

Jenkins was eliminated by Sox. Booth defeated Landy. Vanke was defeated by Booth. Petrie lost to Sox.

#### Final

Booth lost to Sox, who earned US$11,625 in prize money.

### Super Stock

#### Round one

#### Round two

#### Semi-final

#### Final

## InfoBox

1971 NHRA Winternationals
| National Hot Rod Association | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Pomona, California |


title: Sheffield Archives

abstract: Sheffield Archives collects, preserves and lists records relating to Sheffield and South Yorkshire and makes them available for reference and research. Sheffield Archives is a joint service with Sheffield Local Studies Library. They are part of the Sheffield Libraries Archives and Information Service delivered by Sheffield City Council

text:
# Sheffield Archives

**Sheffield Archives** (located in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England) collects, preserves and lists records (or archives) relating to Sheffield and South Yorkshire and makes them available for reference and research.

Sheffield Archives is a joint service with Sheffield Local Studies Library. They are part of the Sheffield Libraries Archives and Information Service delivered by Sheffield City Council

## History of archive collecting in Sheffield

### Up to 1939

Sheffield's Central Library was officially opened in 1934. In planning it Mr J. P. Lamb, who was then City Librarian, gave considerable thought to the accommodation and expansion of the local history and 'special' collections (as they were then called). A large reading room was provided to accommodate readers and house the local collection of printed material; there were storage facilities for maps and special collections in an adjoining room and two small strongrooms in the basement, providing about 700 feet of shelving for manuscripts.

During the previous twenty-five years the beginnings of a local collection of archives had been brought together, particularly through the assistance of a Sheffield solicitor, T. Walter Hall, himself a competent antiquary and from 1910 to 1926 a co-opted member of the Libraries Committee. Through his good offices the Library in 1912 acquired the Jackson collection, consisting of many original documents and a large amount of genealogical material. This was followed by two fine solicitors' accumulations (Wheat and Tibbitts), subsequently added to, and a number of smaller groups. Finally in 1933, in anticipation of the opening of the new building, the Fairbank collection of several thousand draft maps and plans, accumulated by a local family of surveyors between c. 1740 and 1840, was given to the Library. About the same time the executors of Edward Carpenter, the socialist writer who had lived at Holmesfield near Sheffield, presented the Carpenter collection comprising Carpenter's library, editions of his works, and manuscript material. In 1926 the Library had been recognized by the Master of the Rolls as a repository for manorial records.

The nearest institutions collecting documents and archives at this time were at Leeds (the Yorkshire Archaeological Society and Leeds Public Libraries), Manchester (John Rylands Library) and Derby (Derby Public Library). Though the Yorkshire Archaeological Society aimed at covering the whole of Yorkshire, it was not very active in the southern part of the West Riding and the other three scarcely impinged on the Sheffield region. From the first Sheffield therefore aimed to cover an area roughly within thirty miles radius of the Town Hall, including North Derbyshire and South Yorkshire.

### 1939 - 1945

The outbreak of hostilities in 1939 and the heavy air-raids on Sheffield in December 1940 affected the development of the archive collections in several unfortunate ways. Staff shortages soon meant that only routine attention could be given them, and in December 1941 they were removed for safety to a comparatively rural branch library where premises had been specially strengthened to protect them. More disastrous, the Sheffield Union offices in West Bar, where the Guardians' records still remained, together with the surviving records of the old overseers of the poor, were completely destroyed by enemy action. At the same time business firms were turning out their old records for salvage; the Library does not appear to have taken any steps to save such records from destruction and much was undoubtedly lost at this period.

The war years were not, however, entirely devoid of interest, for 1942 saw the purchase of part of the antiquarian collection of Bacon-Frank of Campsall (Talbot correspondence), the gift of family records from Beauchief Hall and silver-plating records and catalogues of the firm of Thomas Bradbury & Sons.

### 1945 - 1960

After the war the collections were brought back to the Central Library and the reading room, which had been closed for the duration, was re-opened in November 1947. A turning point came about a year later on 31 October 1948 when, with the City Librarian's active support, a meeting of the National Register of Archives was held at the Central Library with the late Lord Scarbrough in the chair; at the meeting it was decided to set up a South Yorkshire committee of the National Register.

Colonel G. E. G. Malet, the Registrar of the National Register, was faced with a particular South Yorkshire problem at this time. The great Fitzwilliam mansion of Wentworth Woodhouse was about to be let to the West Riding as a college. There was an immediate need to find a repository willing to receive the whole of the family archives (except the muniments of title) many of which lay stacked in the corridors there. The City Librarian and the Libraries committee agreed to accept them into custody on loan deposit and on 26 and 27 January 1949 three large furniture vans transported the archives to Sheffield. It is difficult to remember how they were housed until two new strong rooms with 1800 feet of shelving were made ready for use early the following year. During the summer of 1949 a document repairer was appointed and given a period of training at the Public Record Office.

Following the announcement in the press of the deposit of the Fitzwilliam archives, scholars from both sides of the Atlantic began to make their way to the Library, initially to study the Rockingham and Burke papers. Professor T. W. Copeland arrived in May 1949 and five Americans were working on the papers that summer. Two years later Chicago University Press undertook to sponsor a new and full edition of Edmund Burke's correspondence, with Professor Copeland as general editor. For the next 18 years the 'Burke factory' was working in part of the Sheffield Local History and Archives Department on this project.

The ten years following 1949 saw the deposit of several large family and estate archives, including the Duke of Norfolk's Sheffield and Worksop estate records, as well as other types of records. The full-time appointment of an archivist as the National Register of Archives, South Yorkshire committee's representative (working from the Central Library) for about eighteen months during 1953-4 was a great asset at this time. Early in 1956, as part of the City Libraries' centenary celebrations, a Guide to the Manuscript Collections was published.

### 1960 - 1974

By 1960 most large family collections were already in custody and in the following years a wider range of records was received from varied sources. Several smaller family collections came from London solicitors (through the British Records Association or privately). In 1962 came the first official deposit of parish records of the diocese of Sheffield and the same year the first deposit of Methodist chapel and circuit records. In 1964 the Library was recognized by the Bishop as the diocesan repository for parish records.

Documents from Sheffield solicitors' offices have been prominent from the start; in the 1960s several similar accumulations were received from solicitors over a wider field — Barnsley, Wath, Snaith and Sherburn-in-Elmet. Archives deposited by industrial firms increased during this period. In 1960 the Library was recognized as the official local repository for certain categories of public local records and a large deposit of colliery records was handed over by the National Coal Board as a result, making a very substantial modern addition (up to 1948) to older colliery records from private sources.

Further strong room accommodation became essential and a small room, 15 feet x 16 feet, was added in the Central Library in 1963 and a larger manuscript store, built onto one of the branch libraries was ready for use in 1969.

By the 1960s most counties had established record offices, the West Riding being one of the few exceptions. Working through the local committees of the National Register of Archives, the two city libraries of Leeds and Sheffield aimed at making some provision for records other than official county records in the north and south of the Riding, respectively.

### 1974 - 1986

In 1974, with the creation of a new (county) tier of local government for South Yorkshire, the South Yorkshire County Council established a county record office service. For 12 years, until the abolition of the metropolitan county councils in 1986, the South Yorkshire County Record Office (SYCRO) based at Ellin Street in Sheffield, acquired material relating to the county. This was in addition to the existing archive services at Sheffield and Doncaster.

### 1986 - date

In 1986, following abolition, the SYCRO collections were transferred to the custody of Sheffield City Council. The ‘county’ service was funded and managed under a joint arrangement between all four local authorities – Barnsley, Doncaster, Sheffield and Rotherham. Sheffield Archives continued to acquire county archives from 1986. In 1989 the archives moved into a former car showroom premises on Shoreham Street. The building was converted to house all the documents from the Central Library.

## The collections

The records preserved by Sheffield Archives date from the 12th century to the present day and relate to Sheffield and the rest of South Yorkshire and parts of North Derbyshire.

### Local Government records

Local government records derive mainly from Sheffield City Council and its departments, including Council and Committee minutes, building plans and school records, and from superseded authorities such as Urban and Rural District Councils, Poor Law Unions, civil townships and the former South Yorkshire County Council. Sheffield was created a corporate borough in 1842 and a city in 1897. The old parish, which was coterminous with the new borough until boundary extensions took place in the 20th century, consisted of six townships.

There is a good series of rate books comprising continuous runs of collectors' books from 1755 for Sheffield township and from the 1780s for four of the other townships. From 1891 borough rate-books for the census years only have been retained. Valuations date from the 1820s and 1830s. These records were kept in the vestry halls of the several wards of the city and thus escaped the destruction by enemy action which befell the records stored in the Union offices in West Bar.

Vestry minutes for several townships from the early nineteenth century have also survived, together with some highway surveyors' records. All the records of the old poor law together with the Guardians' records for both the Sheffield and Ecclesall Unions were destroyed in the West Bar offices. Most of the old workhouse records have likewise disappeared. Apart from runs of Guardians' printed minutes, this important side of local life is very sparsely represented among the official records. A good deal of information about the old poor law can however be gleaned from private collections, especially solicitors' collections.

Practically all of the current council departments and directorates are represented in the Archives collections. Worthy of note are council and committee minutes from 1843 onwards; registers of children's homes from 1894; school records from many hundreds of schools, a full series of claims for damage and loss on account of the Sheffield flood of 1864 caused by the bursting of the Damflask reservoir, through to modern papers on the World Student games of 1991 and the recent urban renaissance project - Heart of the City.

Other public bodies whose records may be mentioned are the Doncaster and Mexborough Joint Hospital Board from 1900 - 1948, the Sheffield Gas Company from 1818, and the Coal Board's pre-vesting date records for this area.

### Public Records

Local public records include Sheffield Quarter Sessions, Magistrate Courts and H.M. Coroners, health authorities and hospitals and records of once nationalised industries such as the National Coal Board for South Yorkshire and the Yorkshire Water Authority.

### Ecclesiastical records

As the Diocesan Record Office for the Archdeaconry of Sheffield, Sheffield Archives holds records for most of the Anglican parishes within the area, including registers, and records of the Diocese itself. Also held are records of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Hallam and its parishes, and numerous records of other denominations such as Methodists and Quakers etc.

Sheffield also holds a cartulary of Beauchief Abbey, a Premonstratensian house formerly in Derbyshire, the site of which is now within the city of Sheffield. The cartulary was used extensively by Samuel Pegge (Historical account of Beauchief Abbey, 1801) but has never been published. Also emanating from the monastery is a small notebook or miscellany containing biblical texts and a note of an ordination in 1500. Both volumes are in the original bindings.

### Family and estate records

#### The Wentworth Woodhouse Collection

The Wentworth Woodhouse Collection (Wentworth-Fitzwilliam family) include personal papers of statesmen such as the Earl of Strafford, 2nd Marquis of Rockingham and Edmund Burke. The Wentworths had been at Woodhouse since the thirteenth century. Little however survives from any period prior to the early seventeenth century, except ancient deeds and some Gascoigne pedigrees which remain at Wentworth Woodhouse. The muniments may be said to begin properly with the period of Thomas Wentworth the great Earl of Strafford whose correspondence was preserved with care by the family. The archives of his son William, the 2nd earl, have not survived. Since his death in 1695 the estates have twice passed in the female line, first to Thomas Watson-Wentworth whose son, another Thomas, was created Marquis of Rockingham in 1746, and secondly in 1782 to the 4th Earl Fitzwilliam. Members of each of these families were deeply involved in the politics of the time. Much of their correspondence has survived, and forms, together with the correspondence of Edmund Burke, a prime source for the political history of the eighteenth century.

The Strafford correspondence comprises eleven letter books into which Wentworth's official correspondence was copied by his secretaries, and about 2,800 original letters, including a considerable number of his own letters to his family, servants and friends. Though by far the largest part of the correspondence dates from the last ten years of Wentworth's life (1631 - 1641), after his appointment as Lord Deputy of Ireland, there is a considerable amount of material even for the years up to 1628, before he held high office. There is naturally much correspondence with the king's ministers, Laud, Cottington, Portland and Secretary Coke, and, at the other end of the scale, many letters full of detail relating to the management of his estates and local affairs. Well-selected letters on national affairs were edited and published in 1739 by William Knowler; more recently Mr J. P. Cooper has published a volume in the Camden series (1973) of Wentworth papers 1597-1628. A vast amount of local interest and many letters from Wentworth's contemporaries remain virtually unknown.

The first Marquis of Rockingham copied selected correspondence into two vast letter books. It relates mainly to the York county elections of 1733 and 1741, the Stuart Rebellion of '45 and letters between him and his son while the latter was in Italy. The son succeeded his father as second Marquis in 1750 and a large amount of his correspondence survives for his two short periods as Prime Minister in 1765 - 1766 and January to July 1782, and for the intermediate period when he held the Whigs together in opposition. Some of these letters were published in 1852 by the Earl of Albemarle, strung together as Memoirs of the Marquis of Rockingham and his contemporaries. Two shortish but valuable studies have appeared since the muniments were deposited here, viz: The early career of Lord Rockingham 1730-1765 by the late Professor G. H. Guttridge, (1952), and Mr P. Langford's The first Rockingham Administration 1765-66, (1973). Rockingham is perhaps regarded as too colourless a figure to merit either a full-scale biography or an edition of his correspondence, though this view scarcely does his personality justice. For American history of the period and for Whig politics this section of the muniments remains of first class importance.

The labours of the Burke editors have now produced nine volumes of Edmund Burke's letters, about half of them from the Sheffield archives. These are virtually all letters from Burke. The bulk of the correspondence here, however, consists of letters addressed to him by a vast number of his contemporaries and relating to topics from America to India; of these the writers' names only are indexed.

The 4th Earl Fitzwilliam's correspondence covering the period 1782-1832, containing over 7,000 letters, has material relating to Ireland, to elections and to many local topics. Of particular interest are the papers concerning working class agitation from 1794 to 1819, ending with the Earl's dismissal from the Lord Lieutenancy of the West Riding at the time of Peterloo. His son, Lord Milton, also played a part in politics until he virtually retired on succeeding to the peerage in 1833. The Yorkshire election archives are extensive.

There is also a vast range of estate material relating to the Irish estates from 1707 and to the West Riding and Malton estates from the 1720s. The stewards' correspondence includes letters from John Carr the architect and there are a number of his original plans for many features in Wentworth House and Park. As with virtually all the great South Yorkshire families, collieries played an important part and are well represented in the Fitzwilliam muniments, up to and including the extensive opencast working on the estate during the last thirty years.

#### Duke of Norfolk's Arundel Castle Manuscripts

Archives of more exclusively estate interest are the Duke of Norfolk's Sheffield, Worksop, and Derbyshire estate archives (Arundel Castle manuscripts). The Dukes of Norfolk and their predecessors the Earls of Shrewsbury were lords of the manor of Sheffield (as the present Duke still is), of Worksop, and of Glossop and Glossopdale in Derbyshire. The manuscripts include detailed accounts and rentals (including the Shropshire estates) for the late Elizabethan period. The Sheffield archives are extensive, their main interest lying in the urban development of Sheffield in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, including collieries and markets. There is a series of the Sheffield agents' letters and diaries in the nineteenth century. The Worksop records cover in particular the eighteenth century when Worksop was a residence of the dukes. The Glossop records also refer mainly to the nineteenth century when the town became a prosperous manufacturing district and there are records of several turnpike trusts of the Glossop area.

#### Wharncliffe Papers

The Earls of Wharncliffe, the Vernon-Wentworths and the Spencer Stanhopes have also deposited their records. Besides estate matters in Scotland, Yorkshire and (a few) Cornwall, they include much correspondence. The small number of letters from Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (about 40 in all) have been published by Professor R. Halsband, in the Complete Letters of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. A much more extensive group of letters forms basically the correspondence of the first Baroness Wharncliffe and her family, including her mother Lady Erne and her grandfather the 4th Earl of Bristol and spanning the years 1773 to 1845. Much is merely personal but much also concerns the political affairs in which Lord Wharncliffe was involved in the period c. 1820 - 1845, as a Tory. This correspondence remains as it was arranged by Lord Stuart of Wortley when he was preparing, with Caroline Grosvenor, the biography of The First Lady Wharndiffe, which was published in 1927. This work makes limited use of the letters. There is also a run of typed transcripts, made for Lord Stuart of Wortley, which includes originals no longer available.

Secondly, there is a long series of letters, 1856 - 1891, to the 1st Earl (3rd Baron) of Wharncliffe. He moved in the highest society of his day and took an interest in politics (Tory), the church and the arts. He was particularly active on behalf of the southern states in the American civil war and the Southern Independence Association in England. Among his correspondents were Lillie Langtry, Sir Samuel White Baker 'of the Nile', and novelists 'Rolf Boldrewood' and 'Violet Fane'.

#### Wilson Family

A family of very different significance is the Wilson family of Sheffield, one member of which was H. J. Wilson, radical M.P. for the Holmfirth division of Yorkshire from 1885 to 1912. His voluminous political papers, docketed by himself, cover the period from 1870 to 1910. They relate to the political topics in which he was interested, including Ireland, South Africa and the control of the opium trade; and to Sheffield constituency politics over many years, including Lib-Lab relations at the beginning of this century. As the Sheffield Smelting Company the Wilsons ran a business for refining precious metal from metallic waste, the records of which form a separate archive. The correspondence of H. J. Wilson's aunt, Mrs Mary Anne Rawson, takes the family record back to the anti-slavery period, a topic in which she was much interested.

#### Edward Carpenter

The name of Edward Carpenter (1844-1929) has already been mentioned. Most of his correspondence was received after the publication of the Bibliography of Edward Carpenter by the City Libraries in 1949. It includes series of letters from Olive Schreiner, Havelock and Edith Ellis, Henry and Kate Salt (among others) as well as some of Carpenter's own letters and many from a host of friends in all parts of the world interested in socialism, philanthropy, eastern mysticism, sexual psychology, and the simple life at Holmesfield.

#### Sheffield Literary and Philosophical Society

Several other large groups of letters may be mentioned here, each forming part of composite collections. In the Sheffield Literary and Philosophical Society's (SLPS) collection is the correspondence of James Montgomery, Sheffield poet and editor of the Iris newspaper (1771-1854). His correspondents included a number of lesser literary figures of his period (examples are William Roscoe, William Carey, Dr John Aikin, Barbara Hofland, Mrs Basil Montagu) and evangelical Christians on both sides of the Atlantic; his correspondence with Joseph Aston includes the period of Montgomery's trial and imprisonment in 1794. Also in the SLPS collection are letters to Henry Clifton Sorby, the Sheffield geologist, over the period 1844 - 1896.

#### Hunter Archaeological Society

Correspondence and diaries of Mrs Margaret Gatty and her daughter, Mrs Juliana H. Ewing, form part of the Hunter Archaeological Society's collection. Both were writers of children's books and Mrs Gatty did interesting work on algae; her correspondence includes letters from authorities in this field and Mrs Ewing's includes letters written by her from Fredericton in Canada and her correspondence with Randolph Caldecott, illustrator of her books (many of his adorned with pen and ink sketches). The period covered is 1830 - 1885.

#### Clarke family of Noblethorpe

Industry (particularly coal mining) and landowning naturally go together in many other family archives. Notable in this category are the Clarke family of Noblethorpe's estate and colliery records. This family worked some of the best Silkstone coal in South Yorkshire. Cumulatively their papers give a good picture of the coal trade as carried on by canal and the changeover to rail.

#### Crewe Muniments

Among the many collections of South Yorkshire deeds may be mentioned the Crewe muniments, including Bawtry deeds of the Lister family with references to wharves and trade on the river Idle.

### Business records

The rich industrial history of the Sheffield area is represented in the large collections of business records, which cover iron and steel, silver plate, coal mining and cutlery firms to professional firms of solicitors, land surveyors, auctioneers and architects. Many of the city's major industrial concerns have deposited their archives at Sheffield, notably:

The firm of Thomas Bradbury and Sons, silver platers, is represented by day books, ledgers, orders, correspondence, etc., going back to the 1780s. A particular feature of this collection is the fine series of early engraved catalogues of old Sheffield plate.

A collection of 29 massive ledgers of the South Yorkshire and North Derbyshire iron trade carried on by the syndicate of iron-masters of whom William Spencer was one, links up with material in the Spencer Stanhope collection. It was deposited by the Staveley Iron Works and covers the period 1690-1766. The ledgers give detailed information of many aspects of the iron trade and were unknown to Dr A. Raistrick when he wrote 'The South Yorkshire ironmasters, 1690-1750' (Economic History Review, 1939).

There is also one volume of Staveley furnace accounts, 1772-1806. The nail and file trade in Sheffield is represented by orders, correspondence, etc., of the firm of Joseph Bramall, originally of Oughtibridge and subsequently of Sheffield, from 1856 to about 1932. A sheep-shear makers, Burgon & Ball, has records from its commencement in the 1860s; these include much relating to its Australian trade. The firm also had an agency for the sale of bicycles with rubber tyres in the eighteen-nineties and cars early in this century. The technical drawing office records of the Yorkshire Engine Company consist of engine plans and orders and there is also a series of photographs of many engines made by the firm. A selected series of over seventy sales ledgers of Arthur Balfour's (now Balfour Darwin's) illustrates the growth of the firm's trade in steel throughout the world from 1865 to about 1948. Spear & Jackson, tool makers, have also deposited some records. The business of an eighteenth-century hardware (cutlery) merchant is represented by stock and account books of Walter Oborne of Sheffield and subsequently of Ravenfield. Cutlery manufacturing firms, mainly of the nineteenth century, are represented by small deposits of Thomas Nowill & Co., Christopher Johnson & Co., and Ibbotson Bros., and by some orders and correspondence of Joseph Rodgers & Sons rescued from destruction in the 1930s. Reference has already been made to the Sheffield Smelting Company's extensive records. From Thurlstone, bordering on the textile district, have come records of a peculiar trade, the making of hair-cloth and bagging for oil presses, from about 1790-1820s; this archive contains a series of letters from an emigrant to Pittsburg, written to his relatives in Yorkshire.

### Trade Unions

Trades Unionism, another aspect of industrial life, is represented by archives of the local branch of ASLEF (from 1880), the Sawmakers' Protection Society (from 1860), the Pen and Pocket Blade Forgers' and Smithers' Protection Society (from 1870), and the Table-blade Grinders Association (from 1907, on microfilm); not all the records however are continuous from the earliest dates.

### Solicitors

The numerous deposits received from solicitors contain much relating to families, manors, estates and local public business. Notable items among them include records of the Heck and Wentbridge Railway, 1825–28, and some papers relating to the Snaith and Co wick Police Association, 1847-58 (Clark & Co. of Snaith); records of the Sheffield-Wakefield Turnpike trust from 1741 (Wheat and Tibbitts collections); land society trust deeds (Parker collection); some seventeenth-century proceedings of the West Riding commission of sewers (Baxter collection).

### Fairbank Collection

The Fairbank collection, mentioned earlier, containing the firm's draft maps and plans, and their field and survey books, covers the parish of Sheffield and many adjacent areas. As surveyors for local enclosures and turnpike roads, as well as for many private clients, they mapped manors, estates, street developments, single properties and even some collieries. One of their chief clients was the Duke of Norfolk's Sheffield agent, especially over the period from 1770 to 1801, and the Arundel Castle manuscripts include several hundreds of finished plans of various parts of the ducal estates in Sheffield. Together, these two collections must make Sheffield one of the best mapped towns at this period.

### Architectural Plans

Architectural plans have been received from the offices of several firms of architects and represent the work of local architects in the nineteenth and earlier twentieth centuries.

### Institutions and organizations

Records have been deposited by a variety of different bodies such as political parties, trades unions, clubs, societies, charities, trusts and independent schools. Some are mentioned above.

### Individuals

The letters, diaries and personal papers of many individuals from all walks of life have been deposited, including those as diverse as Edward Carpenter, Mrs Gatty and David Blunkett MP.

### Maps

A unique and vast accumulation of maps and surveys, mostly from the 18th and 19th centuries, in the Fairbank Collection, as well as enclosure, tithe and Ordnance Survey maps.

### Other records

Photographs, including a series of aerial photographs, and audio recordings from Radio Sheffield.

Adapted from Meredith, R (1974). "Sheffield City Libraries Archives Department". *Northern History*. **IX**: 139–152. doi:10.1179/007817274791612468. with permission from the University of Leeds

## InfoBox

| Sheffield Archives | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 52 Shoreham Street<br>Sheffield<br>S1 4SP, England |
| Type | Public archive |
| Scope | To store archive material relating to the Sheffield and South Yorkshire area and make it available for members of the public for research. |
| Branch of | Sheffield City Council Libraries Archives and Information |
| Collection | |
| Items collected | Records of schools, hospitals, courts, businesses, charities, trades unions and political parties, local authorities and other public and private sector bodies from the 12th to 21st centuries. |
| Access and use | |
| Access requirements | Free access to most items |
| Other information | |
| Website | www.sheffield.gov.uk/archives |


title: Desem

abstract: Desem is both a type of sourdough starter made from whole wheat flour, spelt flour or other flours and water, and the resulting bread. Desem starter is traditionally used in Belgium to make healthy, nutrient-rich bread. The starter is grown in a bed of flour at cool temperatures until it reaches sufficient maturity. The starter is not exposed to outside bacteria and yeasts, but achieves its leavening power from organisms present in the whole wheat flour itself. For this reason, desem starter is best made with grains free of chemicals and water that does not contain chlorine or fluoride. The leavening power of desem starter may be stronger than that of typical sourdough starters. The term "desem" also describes the loaf made with this starter. Desem bread made from a mature desem is characterized by a strong rise, and a light texture, with a nutty taste. When made properly desem bread is less sour than German or San Francisco sourdough breads. The loaf is similar in process to the French "pain au levain", but made with whole wheat flour and starter instead of white flour. Desem bread is considered to be a "naturally leavened" bread, rather than a "yeasted" bread. It keeps well and digests comfortably. Desem bread has a strong following in the natural foods community, where it was largely popularized by vegetarian cookbook author Laurel Robertson.

text:
# Desem

**Desem** (pronounced DAY-zum) (Dutch for "leaven") is both a type of sourdough starter made from whole wheat flour, spelt flour or other flours (such as kamut, durum and tritordeum) and water, and the resulting bread.

Desem starter is traditionally used in Belgium to make healthy, nutrient-rich bread. The starter is grown in a bed of flour at cool temperatures until it reaches sufficient maturity. The starter is not exposed to outside bacteria and yeasts, but achieves its leavening power from organisms present in the whole wheat flour itself. For this reason, desem starter is best made with grains free of chemicals (i.e. organically grown without herbicides, pesticides or dessicants) and water that does not contain chlorine or fluoride. The leavening power of desem starter may be stronger than that of typical sourdough starters.

The term "desem" also describes the loaf made with this starter. Desem bread made from a mature desem is characterized by a strong rise, and a light texture, with a nutty taste. When made properly desem bread is less sour than German or San Francisco sourdough breads. The loaf is similar in process to the French "pain au levain", but made with whole wheat flour and starter instead of white flour. Desem bread is considered to be a "naturally leavened" bread, rather than a "yeasted" bread. It keeps well and digests comfortably.

Desem bread has a strong following in the natural foods community, where it was largely popularized by vegetarian cookbook author Laurel Robertson.

## Preparation

### Starter

Unlike sourdough starters which are exposed to outside air, the desem starter is grown in a bed of flour (3-4 inches of flour surrounding the ball of dough made from fresh wheat flour and pure water). Keeping the flour cool (approx. 50-65°F, or 10-18°C) during the initial incubation period is important as higher temperatures may make the desem starter sour. The cool incubation environment is particularly important for desem. While getting a desem starter (a dough starter) going the first time can be challenging, keeping it going can be easier than sourdough starters (liquid starters).

Feeding the starter daily and baking bread once per week is the standard method of keeping the desem starter happy and thriving but feeding it weekly or freezing it for later are viable options.

### Methods and Baking

The techniques for making desem bread are similar to the techniques used for sourdough breads, but present unique challenges.

* *Good Food: The Complete Guide to Eating Well*, Margaret Wittenberg. 1995. p93.
* Downes, John, 1949- (1983). *The natural tucker bread book*. Melbourne: Hyland House. ISBN 0-908090-61-7. OCLC 152466788.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
* *The Laurel's Kitchen Bread Book: A Guide to Whole-Grain Breadmaking* 2ed, Random House, 2003, ISBN 978-0-8129-6967-2.

## InfoBox

Desem
| Type | Pre-ferment and bread |
| --- | --- |
| Main ingredients | Flour (whole wheat, spelt, amaranth or kamut) |


title: Preet Ki Dori

abstract: Preet Ki Dori is a 1971 Bollywood drama film directed by Satish Kumar. It stars Parikshit Sahni and Tanuja in lead roles. The music was composed by Kalyanji-Anandji.

text:
# Preet Ki Dori

***Preet Ki Dori*** is a 1971 Bollywood drama film directed by Satish Kumar. It stars Parikshit Sahni and Tanuja in lead roles. The music was composed by Kalyanji-Anandji.

## Cast

## Music

All songs were written by Indeevar.

| Song | Singer |
| --- | --- |
| "Preet Ki Dori Saiyan" | Lata Mangeshkar |
| "Mila Jo Hamen Tera Pyar" | Lata Mangeshkar |
| "Mila Jo Pyar To Hum" | Kishore Kumar |
| "Jane Na Jane Dil Ki Baat" | **Asha Bhosle** |
| "Roop Hai, Rang Hai" | **Asha Bhosle** |
|

## InfoBox

| Preet Ki Dori | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Satish Kumar |
| Starring | Parikshit Sahni<br>Tanuja |
| Music by | Kalyanji-Anandji |
| Release date | * 1971 (1971) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi |


title: Drosera praefolia

abstract: Drosera praefolia is a perennial tuberous species in the genus Drosera that is endemic to South Australia. It grows in a rosette 4 to 6 cm in diameter with green or sometimes red leaves. It is native to south-east South Australia from the southern Fleurieu Peninsula south to Kangaroo Island. It grows in lateritic clay-sand, loam, or decomposed shale soils in open woodland. It flowers from April to May. It was first formally described by Johann Gottlieb Otto Tepper in 1892 from specimens he collected on the Fleurieu Peninsula. Earlier in 1882, Tepper sent a description and specimens to Ferdinand von Mueller, who labeled the plants as D. whittakeri var. aphylla, but never published the name. Its placement at the rank of species was controversial and several authors, including Raymond Hamet in 1907, John McConnell Black in 1924, and Allen Lowrie in 1989, have reorganized it below the species rank. Others have reduced it to synonymy with Drosera whittakeri. In 1991, Robert J. Bates made the case for recognition at the species rank, authoring the illegitimate name D. aphylla in the process, a name not based on the first validly published description. Recently, several authors have recognized the taxon at the subspecies or species rank, but others have still only recognized it as a part of the very variable single species D. whittakeri sensu lato. In a review of D. whittakeri and related species, Lowrie and John Godfrey Conran reestablished it at the species rank, arguing that the morphology is dissimilar enough from D. whittakeri that it requires its own species epithet. Lowrie and Conran note that D. praefolia is distinct from D. whittakeri by its white tubers (orange), leaves emerging after flowering, and the ovate to obovate leaf shape, among other differences.

text:
# Drosera praefolia

***Drosera praefolia*** is a perennial tuberous species in the genus *Drosera* that is endemic to South Australia. It grows in a rosette 4 to 6 cm in diameter with green or sometimes red leaves. It is native to south-east South Australia from the southern Fleurieu Peninsula south to Kangaroo Island. It grows in lateritic clay-sand, loam, or decomposed shale soils in open woodland. It flowers from April to May.

It was first formally described by Johann Gottlieb Otto Tepper in 1892 from specimens he collected on the Fleurieu Peninsula. Earlier in 1882, Tepper sent a description and specimens to Ferdinand von Mueller, who labeled the plants as *D. whittakeri* var. *aphylla*, but never published the name. Its placement at the rank of species was controversial and several authors, including Raymond Hamet in 1907, John McConnell Black in 1924, and Allen Lowrie in 1989, have reorganized it below the species rank. Others have reduced it to synonymy with *Drosera whittakeri*. In 1991, Robert J. Bates made the case for recognition at the species rank, authoring the illegitimate name *D. aphylla* in the process, a name not based on the first validly published description. Recently, several authors have recognized the taxon at the subspecies or species rank, but others have still only recognized it as a part of the very variable single species *D. whittakeri* *sensu lato*. In a review of *D. whittakeri* and related species, Lowrie and John Godfrey Conran reestablished it at the species rank, arguing that the morphology is dissimilar enough from *D. whittakeri* that it requires its own species epithet. Lowrie and Conran note that *D. praefolia* is distinct from *D. whittakeri* (whose opposing characteristics presented in parentheses) by its white tubers (orange), leaves emerging after flowering (before flowering), and the ovate to obovate leaf shape (broadly spathulate), among other differences.

## InfoBox

| *Drosera praefolia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Droseraceae |
| Genus: | *Drosera* |
| Subgenus: | *Drosera subg. Ergaleium* |
| Section: | *Drosera sect. Erythrorhiza* |
| Species: | ***D. praefolia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Drosera praefolia***<br>Tepper | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *D. aphylla* Tepper ex R.J.Bates, *nom. illeg.* * *D. bulbosa* var. *praefolia* (Tepper) Raym.-Hamet * *D. whittakeri* var. *praefolia* (Tepper) J.M.Black * *D. whittakeri* subsp. *praefolia* (Tepper) Lowrie | |


title: Puebla de Guzmán

abstract: Puebla de Guzmán is a town and a municipality located in the province of Huelva, Spain. According to the 2005 census, it has a population of 3,109 inhabitants.

text:
# Puebla de Guzmán

**Puebla de Guzmán** is a town and a municipality located in the province of Huelva, Spain. According to the 2005 census, it has a population of 3,109 inhabitants.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Puebla de Guzmán | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Puebla de GuzmánLocation of Puebla de Guzmán in Spain | |
| Coordinates: 37°37′N 7°15′W / 37.617°N 7.250°W / 37.617; -7.250 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Andalusia |
| Province | Huelva |
| Area | |
| Total | 337 km2 (130 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 214 m (702 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 3,142 |
| Density | 9.3/km2 (24/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Website | https://www.puebladeguzman.es/ |


title: Castle Snooker Club

abstract: The Castle Snooker Club was a billiard hall at 57-59 Castle Way, Southampton, England, opened in 1970 by professional snooker player Bernard Bennett. Snooker historian Clive Everton described it as "the earliest of the new-style snooker establishments which were to replace the dingy, disreputable billiard halls of old." It was the venue for Bennett's 1971 challenge match against Rex Williams for the World Billiards Championship. Williams retained the title, winning by 9,250 point to 4,058. The 1972 World Snooker Championship qualifying match between Bennett and Graham Miles was held at the club; Miles won 15–6. As of 1999, professional player Duncan Moore coached at the club. Bennett died in 2002, having seen the Club resognised as an accredited centre by snooker's governing body. The club closed in June 2007.

text:
# Castle Snooker Club

The **Castle Snooker Club** was a billiard hall at 57-59 Castle Way, Southampton, England, opened in 1970 by professional snooker player Bernard Bennett. Snooker historian Clive Everton described it as "the earliest of the new-style snooker establishments which were to replace the dingy, disreputable billiard halls of old."

It was the venue for Bennett's 1971 challenge match against Rex Williams for the World Billiards Championship. Williams retained the title, winning by 9,250 point to 4,058. The 1972 World Snooker Championship qualifying match between Bennett and Graham Miles was held at the club; Miles won 15–6.

As of 1999, professional player Duncan Moore coached at the club. Bennett died in 2002, having seen the Club resognised as an accredited centre by snooker's governing body. The club closed in June 2007.

## Castle Open

The Castle Open was a pro-am snooker tournament staged at the Club several times during the 1970s. The Billiard Association and Control Council's official magazine *Billiards and Snooker* described the first edition, which commenced in October 1970, as "the most ambitious Open Snooker tournament ever promoted in Britain". Six professional players entered: Bennett, Ron Gross, Pat Houlihan, Jack Rea, David Taylor, and Rex Williams. Chris Ross was among the amateur participants.

The 1978/79 edition, which had a prize fund of £3,500 attracted almost all of the professional players who were in the country at the time. Terry Griffiths, who had turned professional that season, later wrote that, "The matches were short and the prize money not all that much but because the proprietor, Bernard Bennett, is a professional who is well liked in the snooker world, there was a good turn-out of professionals to support his tournament." Fred Davis reached the final at the age of 65, having eliminated Willie Thorne and Cliff Thorburn during the tournament. He lost 1–5 to Alex Higgins.

Castle Open
| Year | Winner | Runner-up | Final score | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1970 | Rex Williams (ENG) | John Colpus (ENG) | 7–4 |  |
| 1971 | Geoff Thompson (ENG) | John Pulman (ENG) | 9–2 |  |
| 1972 | John Beech | Ray Reardon | 4–3 |  |
| 1973 | Graham Miles | Jim Meadowcroft | 4–1 |  |
| 1975 | Alex Higgins (NIR) | John Spencer (ENG) | 5–2 |  |
| 1979 | Alex Higgins (NIR) | Fred Davis (ENG) | 5–1 |  |

## Castle Professional

The Castle Professional featured three professional players in a round-robin competition. Known results are shown below.

Castle Professional
| Year | Winner | Runner-up | Third Place | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1972 | Alex Higgins (ENG) | John Spencer (ENG) | Bernard Bennett (ENG) |  |
| 1973 (1) | John Spencer (ENG) | Alex Higgins (ENG) | Bernard Bennett (ENG) |  |
| 1973 (2) | Alex Higgins (ENG) | John Pulman (ENG) | Bernard Bennett (ENG) |  |
| 1973 (3) | Ray Reardon (WAL) | John Pulman (ENG) | Bernard Bennett (ENG) |  |
| 1974 | Alex Higgins (ENG) | John Pulman (ENG) | Bernard Bennett (ENG) |  |
| 1976 | John Pulman (ENG) | Patsy Fagan (IRE) | Bernard Bennett (ENG) |  |

1. "Pioneer Bennett gave snooker a Big Break!". *Daily Echo*. Southampton. 30 November 1999. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
2. Baxter, Trevor (21 January 2002). "Bernard Bennett". *The Independent*. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
3. Everton, Clive (1993). *The Embassy Book of World Snooker*. London: Bloomsbury. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-7475-1610-1.
4. Everton, Clive (1982). *The Guinness Book of Snooker* (Revised ed.). Enfield: Guinness Superlatives. pp. 106–107. ISBN 978-0-85112-256-4.
5. "Miles and Parkin come through". *World Snooker*. May 1971. p. 5.
6. "Pioneer Bennett gave snooker a Big Break!". *Daily Echo*. 30 November 1999.
7. "Snooker world mourn Bennett's death". *Daily Echo*. 19 January 2002.
8. "Q World". *Daily Echo*. 4 July 2009.
9. "Obituaries: Bernard Bennett". *Snooker Scene*. February 2002. p. 47.
10. "Ambitious new open tournament". *Billiards and Snooker*. October 1970. p. 4.
11. "Meo and White beat pros in Castle prelims". *Snooker Scene*. February 1979. p. 19.
12. "New professionals". *Snooker Scene*. June 1978. p. 27.
13. Griffiths, Terry (1981). *Championship Snooker*. London: Queen Anne Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-3620-0543-1.
14. Morrison, Ian (1987). *The Hamlyn Encyclopedia of Snooker* (Revised ed.). Twickenham: Hamlyn Publishing Group. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-600-55604-6.
15. "Higgins is Castle champion". *The Birmingham Post*. 22 January 1979. p. 12.
16. "King of the Castle". *World Snooker*. January 1971. p. 3.
17. "Thompson wins". *Leicester Daily Mercury*. 23 December 1971. p. 16.
18. "Beech wins Castle Pro/Am". *Snooker Scene*. February 1973. p. 13.
19. "Snooker prize for Miles". *Coventry Evening Telegraph*. 27 December 1973. p. 7.
20. "Higgins beats Spencer - lifts £500 prize". *Belfast Telegraph*. 22 December 1975. p. 18.
21. "Snooker: Castle pro-am tournament". *Daily Mirror*. 22 January 1979. p. 23.
22. "Fred shows the old style". *Sports Argus*. 27 January 1979. p. 4.
23. "Hurricane too strong for battling Fred". *Daily Mirror*. 22 January 1979. p. 23.
24. "Higgins wins at the Castle". *Snooker Scene*. April 1972. p. 16.
25. "Castle winner". *Snooker Scene*. April 1973. pp. 12–13.
26. "Higgins wins". *Snooker Scene*. October 1973. pp. 12–13.
27. "Down South". *Snooker Scene*. December 1973. p. 6.
28. "Best of three". *Snooker Scene*. January 1975. p. 18.
29. "Pulman is best of three". *Snooker Scene*. April 1976. p. 13.

50°53′57″N 1°24′17″W / 50.89917°N 1.40466°W / 50.89917; -1.40466


title: Prisoje, Tomislavgrad

abstract: Prisoje is a village in the Municipality of Tomislavgrad in Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

text:
# Prisoje, Tomislavgrad

**Prisoje** is a village in the Municipality of Tomislavgrad in Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 1,107.

Ethnicity in 2013
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Croats | 1,106 | 99.9% |
| other/undeclared | 1 | 0.1% |
| **Total** | **1,107** | **100%** |

## Footnotes

## Bibliography

* *Ethnicity/National Affiliation, Religion and Mother Tongue* (PDF). Sarajevo: Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2019.

43°41′16″N 17°04′53″E / 43.6878°N 17.0814°E / 43.6878; 17.0814

## InfoBox

| Prisoje | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Prisoje | |
| Coordinates: 43°41′16″N 17°04′53″E / 43.68778°N 17.08139°E / 43.68778; 17.08139 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Canton | Canton 10 |
| Municipality | Tomislavgrad |
| Area | |
| Total | 20.69 km2 (7.99 sq mi) |
| Population (2013) | |
| Total | 1,107 |
| Density | 54/km2 (140/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Priority ceiling protocol

abstract: In real-time computing, the priority ceiling protocol is a synchronization protocol for shared resources to avoid unbounded priority inversion and mutual deadlock due to wrong nesting of critical sections. In this protocol each resource is assigned a priority ceiling, which is a priority equal to the highest priority of any task which may lock the resource. The protocol works by temporarily raising the priorities of tasks in certain situations, thus it requires a scheduler that supports dynamic priority scheduling.

text:
# Priority ceiling protocol

In real-time computing, the **priority ceiling protocol** is a synchronization protocol for shared resources to avoid unbounded priority inversion and mutual deadlock due to wrong nesting of critical sections. In this protocol each resource is assigned a priority ceiling, which is a priority equal to the highest priority of any task which may lock the resource. The protocol works by temporarily raising the priorities of tasks in certain situations, thus it requires a scheduler that supports dynamic priority scheduling.

## ICPP versus OCPP

There are two variants of the protocol: **Original Ceiling Priority Protocol** (**OCPP**) and **Immediate Ceiling Priority Protocol** (**ICPP**). The worst-case behaviour of the two ceiling schemes is identical from a scheduling view point. Both variants work by temporarily raising the priorities of tasks.

In OCPP, a task X's priority is raised when a higher-priority task Y tries to acquire a resource that X has locked. The task's priority is then raised to the highest priority had been blocked by itself, ensuring that task X quickly finishes its critical section, unlocking the resource. A task is only allowed to lock a resource if its dynamic priority is higher than the priority ceilings of all resources locked by other tasks. Otherwise the task becomes blocked, waiting for the resource.

In ICPP, a task's priority is immediately raised when it locks a resource. The task's priority is set to the priority ceiling of the resource, thus no task that may lock the resource is able to get scheduled. This ensures the OCPP property that "A task can only lock a resource if its dynamic priority is higher than the priority ceilings of all resources locked by other tasks".

* ICPP is easier to implement than OCPP, as blocking relationships need not be monitored
* ICPP leads to fewer context switches as blocking is prior to first execution
* ICPP requires more priority movements as this happens with all resource usage
* OCPP changes priority only if an actual block has occurred

ICPP is called "Ceiling Locking" in Ada, "Priority Protect Protocol" in POSIX and "Priority Ceiling Emulation" in RTSJ. It is also known as "Highest Locker's Priority Protocol" (HLP).

* Lui Sha; Ragunathan Rajkumar & John P. Lehoczky (September 1990). "Priority Inheritance Protocols: An Approach to Real-Time Synchronization" (PDF). *IEEE Transactions on Computers*. **39** (9): 1175–1185. doi:10.1109/12.57058.

1. Renwick, Kyle; Renwick, Bill (May 18, 2004). "How to use priority inheritance". embedded.com. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
2. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-11-13. Retrieved 2014-11-13.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
3. Alan Burns; Andy Wellings (March 2001). *Real-Time Systems and Programming Languages  Ada 95, Real-Time Java and Real-Time POSIX* (3rd ed.). Addison Wesley Longmain. ISBN 0-201-72988-1.
4. http://user.it.uu.se/~yi/courses/rts/dvp-rts-08/notes/synchronization-resource-sharing.pdf


title: Priority Telecom

abstract: Priority Telecom was a publicly listed Dutch telecommunications company that sells its services to businesses and governments in the Netherlands, Austria and Norway. Besides governmental organizations, they also work with health care, educational, financial services, utilities, security and retail markets. Priority Telecom owns a fiber network of over 9000 km length. It was bought by UPC Broadband and is now a part of Ziggo after the merger of UPC and Ziggo.

text:
# Priority Telecom

**Priority Telecom** was a publicly listed Dutch telecommunications company that sells its services to businesses and governments in the Netherlands, Austria and Norway. Besides governmental organizations, they also work with health care, educational, financial services, utilities, security and retail markets. Priority Telecom owns a fiber network of over 9000 km length.

It was bought by UPC Broadband and is now a part of Ziggo after the merger of UPC and Ziggo.

## InfoBox

Priority Telecom
|
|  |
| Company type | Public |
| Industry | Telecommunications |
| Headquarters | Schiphol-Rijk, Netherlands |
| Website | www.prioritytelecom.com \[OFFLINE\] |


title: Print capitalism

abstract: Print capitalism is a theory underlying the concept of a nation, as a group that forms an imagined community, that emerges with a common language and discourse that is generated from the use of the printing press, proliferated by a capitalist marketplace. Capitalist entrepreneurs printed their books and media in the vernacular in order to maximize circulation. As a result, readers speaking various local dialects became able to understand each other, and a common discourse emerged. Anderson argued that the first European nation-states were thus formed around their "national print-languages."

text:
# Print capitalism

**Print capitalism** is a theory underlying the concept of a nation, as a group that forms an imagined community, that emerges with a common language and discourse that is generated from the use of the printing press, proliferated by a capitalist marketplace. Capitalist entrepreneurs printed their books and media in the vernacular (instead of exclusive script languages, such as Latin) in order to maximize circulation. As a result, readers speaking various local dialects became able to understand each other, and a common discourse emerged. Anderson argued that the first European nation-states were thus formed around their "national print-languages."

## Terminology

The term was coined by Benedict Anderson, and explained in depth in his book *Imagined Communities* in 1983.

## Development of the modern nation-state

The printing press is widely credited for modern nationalism and the birth of the nation-state as the primary actors in political legitimacy. Soon after the invention of the Gutenberg-style printing press in 1454, literature such as the Bible was printed in vernaculars. The publication of the 95 Theses in 1517 sparked the Reformation, under which Europe went through 200 years of warfare that led to the gradual establishment of the nation-state as the powers that were dominant, over the previous dominance of the Roman Catholic Church. Print capitalism continues to influence the development of nationalism through the spread of the printing press.


title: Prince Henry the Navigator Park

abstract: Prince Henry the Navigator Park is a park on Pope's Island in New Bedford, Massachusetts. The park is dedicated to Prince Henry the Navigator. It was created in 1994, a gift to the city from the Prince Henry Society of New Bedford and the Portuguese government. The park sits between New Bedford and Fairhaven, between the fishing docks of both cities, looking out toward the hurricane barrier in the New Bedford Harbor and Buzzards Bay beyond. The park consists of a large granite and bronze statue in tribute to Prince Henry the Navigator. There is also a stone plaque, a walkway, and a parking and viewing area from which tourists can view New Bedford harbor.

text:
# Prince Henry the Navigator Park

**Prince Henry the Navigator Park** is a park on Pope's Island in New Bedford, Massachusetts. The park is dedicated to Prince Henry the Navigator. It was created in 1994, a gift to the city from the Prince Henry Society of New Bedford and the Portuguese government.

The park sits between New Bedford and Fairhaven, between the fishing docks of both cities, looking out toward the hurricane barrier in the New Bedford Harbor and Buzzards Bay beyond.

The park consists of a large granite and bronze statue in tribute to Prince Henry the Navigator. There is also a stone plaque, a walkway, and a parking and viewing area from which tourists can view New Bedford harbor.

41°38′24″N 70°54′50″W / 41.640°N 70.914°W / 41.640; -70.914


title: Presidents of Cooper Union

abstract: The president of Cooper Union is the chief administrator of Cooper Union.

text:
# Presidents of Cooper Union

The **president of Cooper Union** is the chief administrator of Cooper Union.

## History

The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art was founded in 1859 by industrialist, inventor and philanthropist Peter Cooper. From its inception, the college committed to providing full scholarships, regardless of need, to its students.

## List of presidents of the Cooper Union

## InfoBox

| President of Cooper Union | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Incumbent
Malcolm King (Interim)
since September 3, 2024 (2024-09-03) | |
| Appointer | Cooper Union Board of Trustees |
| Formation | 1859 (1859) |
| First holder | Peter Cooper |
| Website | Office of the President |


title: Procatopodinae

abstract: Procatopodinae is a subfamily of the family Poeciliidae, the "livebearers", in the order Cyprinodontiformes. Some authorities treat this subfamily as a family, the Procatopodidae, including the banded lampeye.

text:
# Procatopodinae

**Procatopodinae** is a subfamily of the family Poeciliidae, the "livebearers", in the order Cyprinodontiformes. Some authorities treat this subfamily as a family, the Procatopodidae, including the banded lampeye.

## Subdivisions

The subfamily Procatopodinae is divided into two tribes and 11 genera:

## InfoBox

| Procatopodinae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Lamprichthys tanganicanus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cyprinodontiformes |
| Family: | Poeciliidae |
| Subfamily: | Procatopodinae<br>Fowler, 1916 |
|


title: Procas lecontei

abstract: Procas lecontei is a species of marsh weevil in the beetle family Brachyceridae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Procas lecontei

***Procas lecontei*** is a species of marsh weevil in the beetle family Brachyceridae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2013). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 7: Curculionoidea I*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-26093-1.
* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2013). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 8: Curculionoidea II*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-25916-4.

## InfoBox

| *Procas lecontei* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Brachyceridae |
| Subfamily: | Erirhininae |
| Genus: | *Procas* |
| Species: | ***P. lecontei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Procas lecontei***<br>Bedel, 1879 | |
|


title: Priyani Puketapu

abstract: Priyani Puketapu is a New Zealand journalist, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe New Zealand 2011, representing Wellington. There was subsequently controversy, with claims that some of the judges had been pressured to select a blonde. She represented New Zealand at the Miss Universe 2011 pageant in Brazil. Puketapu had previously competed for the Miss Universe New Zealand title in 2009 where she was placed first runner-up. Puketapu did not make it into the top 16 to quality for the finals of the Miss Universe 2011 competition. Puketapu, of Te Āti Awa descent, is a Wellington-based journalism student. She finished Horowhenua College in 2008.

text:
# Priyani Puketapu

**Priyani Puketapu** (born 27 December 1990) is a New Zealand journalist, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe New Zealand 2011, representing Wellington. There was subsequently controversy, with claims that some of the judges had been pressured to select a blonde. She represented New Zealand at the Miss Universe 2011 pageant in Brazil. Puketapu had previously competed for the Miss Universe New Zealand title in 2009 where she was placed first runner-up.

Puketapu did not make it into the top 16 to quality for the finals of the Miss Universe 2011 competition. Puketapu, of Te Āti Awa descent, is a Wellington-based journalism student. She finished Horowhenua College in 2008.

## InfoBox

| Priyani Puketapu | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 27 December 1990 (1990-12-27) (age 33)
Wellington, New Zealand |
| Height | 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) |
| **Beauty pageant titleholder** | |
| Title | Miss Horowhenua 2008
Miss Wellington 2010
Miss New Zealand 2011 |
| Hair color | Brown |
|  | |