title: Bustin' Loose (TV series)

abstract: Bustin' Loose is an American sitcom starring Jimmie Walker based on the 1981 film of the same name. The show ran in first-run syndication from September 19, 1987, to May 28, 1988.

text:
# Bustin' Loose (TV series)

***Bustin' Loose*** is an American sitcom starring Jimmie Walker based on the 1981 film of the same name. The show ran in first-run syndication from September 19, 1987, to May 28, 1988.

## Synopsis

Jimmie Walker stars as Sonny Barnes, a former con artist, who has been caught by the authorities and sentenced to five years of community service. He is placed in the home of social worker Mimi Shaw (Vonetta McGee), who lives with four orphans: Rudey (Larry O. Williams, Jr.), Trish (Tyren Perry), Nikky (Aaron Lohr), and Sue Anne (Marie Cole). Sonny lives in the basement and works around the house doing odd jobs. Meanwhile, the kids all love listening to Sonny's often exaggerated tales.

## Cast

* Jimmie Walker – Sonny Barnes
* Vonetta McGee – Mimi Shaw
* Aaron Lohr – Nikky Robinson
* Tyren Perry – Trish Reagan
* Marie Cole – Sue Ann Taylor
* Larry O. Williams, Jr. – Rudey Butler

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "The First Day of the Rest of My Life" | Unknown | Unknown | September 19, 1987 (1987-09-19) |
| Mimi decides that Sonny is a poor role model for the kids when they neglect their chores to listen to his colorful stories. | | | | | |
| 2 | "The Baby" | Unknown | Unknown | September 26, 1987 (1987-09-26) |
| Mimi's widowed friend is pregnant and determined to give up the baby, but when she goes into labor at Mimi's house the gang conspires to change her mind. | | | | | |
| 3 | "Turn Around" | Unknown | Unknown | October 3, 1987 (1987-10-03) |
| A rough day leaves Mimi unable to deal with the children's demands so Sonny steps in and handles their problems expertly much to her surprise. | | | | | |
| 4 | "Cold Water Blues" | Unknown | Unknown | October 10, 1987 (1987-10-10) |
| Sonny uses mind over muscle to get "Honest Pete" the plumber to fix the water heater. | | | | | |
| 5 | "Homeless, Sweet Homeless" | Unknown | Unknown | October 17, 1987 (1987-10-17) |
| The children helps a homeless man who helps himself to Sonny's clothes, then makes a unique contribution to the family garage sale. | | | | | |
| 6 | "Sisters" | Unknown | Unknown | October 24, 1987 (1987-10-24) |
| Mimi plans a fun-filled but inexpensive party for Sue Anne, but her well to do sister (Margaret Avery) turns it into a lavish gala. | | | | | |
| 7 | "Go for the Gold" | Unknown | Unknown | October 31, 1987 (1987-10-31) |
| Sonny trains Rudy for the "Special Games" and regaling the teen with tales of his days as an athlete. Kareem Abdul Jabbar guest stars | | | | | |
| 8 | "Wet Weather Ahead" | Unknown | Unknown | November 7, 1987 (1987-11-07) |
| Sonny helps one of the boys overcome a bed wetting problem, Mimi helps Sonny and Trish deal with their fear of rodents. | | | | | |
| 9 | "I Paint What I See" | Unknown | Unknown | November 14, 1987 (1987-11-14) |
| Sue Anne creates a painting of her neighborhood for the third grade art show, but the school's art director won't allow her to submit it. Little Richard and Bern Nadette Stanis guest star | | | | | |
| 10 | "Rain, Rain, Go Away" | Unknown | Unknown | November 21, 1987 (1987-11-21) |
| When the children finds the money, Sonny wants to use the cash to fix the leaky roof, but Mimi wants to turn the money over to the police. | | | | | |
| 11 | "Seems Like Old Times" | Unknown | Unknown | November 28, 1987 (1987-11-28) |
| The household is disrupted by a visit from Sonny's old buddy Satin who reacts violently when Rudy discovers a secret that Satin's been keeping. | | | | | |
| 12 | "Words of Wisdom" | Unknown | Unknown | December 5, 1987 (1987-12-05) |
| Sonny is named a finalist in a slogan writing contest, but it was Nicky who submitted the entry in Sonny's name. | | | | | |
| 13 | "The Kindest Cut" | Unknown | Unknown | January 30, 1988 (1988-01-30) |
| Rudy and Sonny both have sore throats, but hey are reluctant to follow the doctor's orders when he prescribes a tonsillectomy for both of them. Dick Anthony Williams guest star. | | | | | |
| 14 | "Doo Wop" | Unknown | Unknown | February 6, 1988 (1988-02-06) |
| Sonny may have promised more than he can deliver when he assures Mimi that legendary soul singer Calvin James will perform at a fund raiser. | | | | | |
| 15 | "Oh, Big Brother" | Arlando Smith | Richard W. Baxter | February 13, 1988 (1988-02-13) |
| Rudy feels neglected when Sonny spends all his time earning money for a trip to Jamaica, Sue Anne's teacher has the cure for Sue Anne's sudden illness. | | | | | |
| 16 | "Scammed Straight" | Marlena Laird | Gordon Mitchell | February 20, 1988 (1988-02-20) |
| When Rudy has difficulty earning the money to go on a class trip, Sonny makes the mistake of telling Rudy how he raised cash in his youth. | | | | | |
| 17 | "The Grass Isn't Greener" | Arlando Smith | Sara V. Finney & Vida Spears | February 27, 1988 (1988-02-27) |
| Trish hopes to make a good impression at her wealthy friend's country club and Sonny hopes to make a good fortune with a skin cream scheme. | | | | | |
| 18 | "Snow Place Like Home" | Unknown | Unknown | March 5, 1988 (1988-03-05) |
| When Mimi and Sonny are stranded in a snowstorm, The children call the police to report them kidnapped so that the search will began immediately. | | | | | |
| 19 | "The Parent Trap" | Unknown | Unknown | April 9, 1988 (1988-04-09) |
| Rudy is ambient about the news that his mother is coming to take him home with her, Sonny has a toothache but is reluctant to go to the dentist. Little Richard guest stars | | | | | |
| 20 | "The Gang's All Here" | Unknown | Unknown | April 16, 1988 (1988-04-16) |
| Rudy is excited about gaining membership to a new club called The Dragons and Mimi suspects that the club may actually be a gang. | | | | | |
| 21 | "I Am Woman" | Unknown | Unknown | April 23, 1988 (1988-04-23) |
| Trish resents Mimi's interference in her plan to impress a boy and Sonny recruits Rudy and Nicky to work on his fast food truck. | | | | | |
| 22 | "Nostalgia Ain't What It Used to Be" | Unknown | Unknown | April 30, 1988 (1988-04-30) |
| Sonny's not laughing when he finds out that Nicky has sold a rare and valuable comic book for five dollars. | | | | | |
| 23 | "Rudeo and Tricia-ette" | Unknown | Unknown | May 7, 1988 (1988-05-07) |
| Trish saves Rudy's life and a grateful Rudy decides he's in love with her. | | | | | |
| 24 | "It's a Great Big Wonderful World" | Unknown | Unknown | May 14, 1988 (1988-05-14) |
| The house is rife with tensions represent various countries in a school project. | | | | | |
| 25 | "What's a Nice Girl Like You ...?" | Bob Lally | Ron Friedman | May 21, 1988 (1988-05-21) |
| Sonny brings home a young woman (Irene Cara) who claims to be an aspiring singer, but turns out to be a gun toting robber. | | | | | |
| 26 | "It's a Pizza Cake" | Unknown | Unknown | May 28, 1988 (1988-05-28) |
| Sonny wins over the children when he outsmarts the cranky owner of a pizza parlor. | | | | | |

## Award nominations

| Year | Award | Result | Category | Recipient |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1988 | Young Artist Awards | **Nominated** | The Most Promising New Fall Television Series | - |
| | | | Outstanding Young Actors/Actresses Ensemble in Television or Motion Picture | Marie Cole, Aaron Lohr, Tyren Perry, and Larry O. Williams, Jr. |

## Stations

| City | Station |
| --- | --- |
| Appleton | WXGZ 32 |
| Atlanta | WGNX 46 |
| Baltimore | WNUV 54 |
| Chicago | WGN 9 |
| Detroit | WXON 20 |
| Los Angeles | KTLA 5 |
| Milwaukee | WVTV 18 |
| New York | WPIX 11 |
| Philadelphia | WPHL 17 |
| Portland | KPDX 49 |
| Richmond | WVRN 63 |
| Tacoma | KSTW 11 |
| Washington, D.C. | WFTY 50 |
| Waterbury | WTXX 20 |
| York | WPMT 43 |

## InfoBox

| *Bustin' Loose* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Sitcom |
| Written by | * Cindy Begel * Lesa Kite * Daryl Nickens * Lisa Medway * Chuck Tately * Kevin White |
| Directed by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Theme music composer | * Ron Boustead * Greg Poree |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 26 |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Topper Carew |
| Producers |  |
| Editor | Mike Gavaldon |
| Running time | 22–24 minutes |
| Production companies | Golden Groove Productions
MCA-TV |
| Original release | |
| Network | Syndication |
| Release | September 19, 1987 (1987-09-19)
May 28, 1988 (1988-05-28) |
| Related | |
| *Bustin' Loose* (film) | |


title: Bulborhodopis

abstract: Bulborhodopis barbicornis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Bulborhodopis. It was described by Breuning in 1948.

text:
# Bulborhodopis

***Bulborhodopis barbicornis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus ***Bulborhodopis***. It was described by Breuning in 1948.

## InfoBox

| *Bulborhodopis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Bulborhodopis* |
| Species: | ***B. barbicornis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Bulborhodopis barbicornis***<br>Breuning, 1948 | |
|


title: Bulbostylis

abstract:
Bulbostylis is a genus of plants in the sedge family. They are sometimes called hairsedges. There are over 200 species of these clump-forming plants of dry grasslands and warm and tropical savannas worldwide. They have solid, rounded, grooved stems and long, thin basal leaves. They bear spikelets of flowers. Selected species:
  - Bulbostylis barbata - watergrass
  - Bulbostylis bathiei
  - Bulbostylis boeckleriana
  - Bulbostylis burbidgeae
  - Bulbostylis cangae
  - Bulbostylis capillaris - densetuft hairsedge
  - Bulbostylis ciliatifolia - capillary hairsedge
  - Bulbostylis cioniana (Savi) Lye
  - Bulbostylis coleotricha
  - Bulbostylis curassavica - West Indian hairsedge
  - Bulbostylis eleocharoides
  - Bulbostylis fasciculata
  - Bulbostylis fluviatilis
  - Bulbostylis funckii - Funck's hairsedge
  - Bulbostylis haitiensis
  - Bulbostylis hispidula
  - Bulbostylis junciformis - Caribbean hairsedge
  - Bulbostylis juncoides - rush hairsedge
  - Bulbostylis lichtensteiniana - tussock sedge
  - Bulbostylis neglecta - neglected tuftsedge
  - Bulbostylis pauciflora - fewflower hairsedge
  - Bulbostylis schaffneri - Schaffner's hairsedge
  - Bulbostylis stenophylla - sandy field hairsedge
  - Bulbostylis turbinata
  - Bulbostylis vestita - tufted hairsedge
  - Bulbostylis warei - Ware's hairsedge

text:
# Bulbostylis

***Bulbostylis*** is a genus of plants in the sedge family. They are sometimes called **hairsedges**. There are over 200 species of these clump-forming plants of dry grasslands and warm and tropical savannas worldwide. They have solid, rounded, grooved stems and long, thin basal leaves. They bear spikelets of flowers.

Selected species:

## InfoBox

| Hairsedges | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Bulbostylis neglecta* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Cyperaceae |
| Genus: | *Bulbostylis*
Kunth |
|
| Type species | |
| *Bulbostylis capillaris*
(L.) Kunth ex C.B. Clarke. | |
| Species | |
| 100+; See text | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Stenophyllus* Raf. * *Oncostylis* Nees | |


abstract: "Stay a Little Longer" is a song recorded by American country music duo Brothers Osborne. The song was released in March 2015 as the duo's third single overall and the second from the album Pawn Shop. Duo members John and T.J. Osborne co-wrote the song with Shane McAnally. The song was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Country Duo/Group Performance at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards.

text:
# Stay a Little Longer (Brothers Osborne song)

"**Stay a Little Longer**" is a song recorded by American country music duo Brothers Osborne. The song was released in March 2015 as the duo's third single overall and the second from the album *Pawn Shop*. Duo members John and T.J. Osborne co-wrote the song with Shane McAnally. The song was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Country Duo/Group Performance at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards.

## Content

The song is a guitar-driven mid-tempo about a man who has an encounter with an "on again, off again" lover and, after the encounter, wishes that they could "stay a little longer." T.J. Osborne, one half of the duo, told *Rolling Stone* that "That song gives them everything that we are. It starts off and the verses are really emotional and fragile. You don't want to be alone, you're making the phone call, taking the trip to the house and then you're tearing t-shirts off and it's this electric thing," T.J. says. "But then, boom, you're by yourself again: 'I'm lying here wishing you could stay a little longer.'" The duo previously recorded the song on their 2014 self-titled extended play, but re-recorded it for the single version with Jay Joyce as producer.

The song is recorded in the key of F-sharp major with a main chord pattern of F-Dm-B.

## Reception

### Critical

Billy Dukes of Taste of Country reviewed the song with favor, saying that it "demands repeat listens just to decipher everything that’s happening within the blues-rocked soaked country cut. TJ Osborne’s slow storytelling runs counter to the arrangement and John Osborne’s guitar playing, as if mirroring what the guy he’s singing about is doing and feeling." Bob Paxman of *Nash Country Weekly* gave the song an "A", comparing its theme to "I'm Not in Love" by 10cc and saying that "It’s a theme that’s been explored before, but not in such straightforward yet expressive language."

### Commercial

The song first entered the Country Airplay chart at No. 49 for chart dated April 18, 2015. The following week, it entered the Hot Country Songs chart at No. 48. It entered the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart at No. 12 on the chart date of August 1, 2015, and the Hot 100 at No. 99 on October 24, 2015. The song peaked at No. 4 on Hot Country Songs for chart dated January 30, 2016, and No. 46 on Hot 100 a week later. To date, it is their only top 10 hit on both the Country Airplay and Hot Country Songs charts. The song was certified Gold by the RIAA on December 7, 2015. It has sold 607,000 copies in the US as of November 2016.

## Music video

The music video was directed by Peter Zavadil and premiered in October 2015. The video received controversy due to the fact that it included real life same-sex couples kissing. Band member TJ Osbourne said of the video, "We didn’t want it to be about one person or one couple...\[w\]e wanted to nail down the narrative that it’s really about something that we’ve all felt and been through."

## Chart performance

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 40,000* |
| United States (RIAA) | 2× Platinum | 607,000 |
| * Sales figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| "Stay a Little Longer" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Brothers Osborne | |
| from the album  *Pawn Shop* | |
| Released | March 10, 2015 (2015-03-10) |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 4:16 (EP version)
5:35 (*Pawn Shop* version)
3:49 (Radio Version) |
| Label | EMI Nashville |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Jay Joyce |
| Brothers Osborne singles chronology | |
| "Rum"
(2014) "**Stay a Little Longer**"
(2015) "21 Summer"
(2016) | |


title: Tomigusuku Chōkyō

abstract: Tomigusuku Wōji Chōkyō also known by his Chinese style name Shō Yū, was a lord (Aji), later prince (Wōji) of Ryukyu Kingdom. Prince Tomigusuku was the second head of a royal family called Tomigusuku Udun (豊見城御殿). His father was Tomigusuku Chōryō, the second son of King Shō Tei. King Shō Eki dispatched a gratitude envoy for his accession to Edo, Japan in 1710. Prince Tomigusuku and Yoza Ankō was appointed as Envoy and Deputy Envoy respectively. They sailed back in the next year. He served as sessei from 1712 to 1722. Chōkyō was also the Eboshioya (烏帽子親) of King Shō Kei.

text:
# Tomigusuku Chōkyō

**Tomigusuku *Wōji* Chōkyō** (豊見城 王子 朝匡, ?  ?) also known by his Chinese style name **Shō Yū** (尚 祐), was a lord (*Aji*), later prince (*Wōji*) of Ryukyu Kingdom.

Prince Tomigusuku was the second head of a royal family called *Tomigusuku Udun* (豊見城御殿). His father was Tomigusuku Chōryō (豊見城 朝良, also known by Shō Kei 尚 経), the second son of King Shō Tei.

King Shō Eki dispatched a gratitude envoy for his accession to Edo, Japan in 1710. Prince Tomigusuku and Yoza Ankō (与座 安好, also known by Mō Bunketsu 毛 文傑) was appointed as Envoy (正使, *seishi*) and Deputy Envoy (副使, *fukushi*) respectively. They sailed back in the next year.

He served as *sessei* from 1712 to 1722.

Chōkyō was also the *Eboshioya* (烏帽子親) of King Shō Kei.

## InfoBox

| Tomigusuku Chōkyō | |
| --- | --- |
| 豊見城 朝匡 | |
|  | |
| *sessei* of Ryukyu | |
| **In office**<br>1712–1722 | |
| Preceded by | Oroku Chōki |
| Succeeded by | Chatan Chōki |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | ? |
| Died | ? |
| Parent | Tomigusuku Chōryō (father) |
| Chinese name | Shō Yū (尚 祐) |
| Rank | Aji, later Wōji |
|  | |


title: Boz, Ain

abstract: Boz is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.

text:
# Boz, Ain

**Boz** is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 335 |  |
| 1975 | 348 | +0.55% |
| 1982 | 323 | −1.06% |
| 1990 | 352 | +1.08% |
| 1999 | 359 | +0.22% |
| 2007 | 491 | +3.99% |
| 2012 | 495 | +0.16% |
| 2017 | 512 | +0.68% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Boz | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Town hall | |
| Location of Boz | |
| BozBoz | |
| Coordinates: 46°24′28″N 4°54′37″E / 46.4078°N 4.9103°E / 46.4078; 4.9103 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |
| Department | Ain |
| Arrondissement | Bourg-en-Bresse |
| Canton | Replonges |
| Intercommunality | Bresse et Saône |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Alain Giraud |
| Area**1** | 7.31 km2 (2.82 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 510 |
| Density | 70/km2 (180/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 01057 /01190 |
| Elevation | 168–206 m (551–676 ft)
(avg. 180 m or 590 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Rocky Branch (Reedy Fork tributary)

abstract: Rocky Branch is a 2.49 mi (4.01 km) long 1st order tributary to Reedy Fork in Guilford County, North Carolina.

text:
# Rocky Branch (Reedy Fork tributary)

**Rocky Branch** is a 2.49 mi (4.01 km) long 1st order tributary to Reedy Fork in Guilford County, North Carolina.

## Course

Rocky Branch rises on the Candy Creek divide about 1 mile southeast of Monticello, North Carolina in Guilford County. Rocky Branch then flows south to meet Reedy Fork about 4 miles southeast of Monticello.

## Watershed

Rocky Branch drains 2.32 square miles (6.0 km2) of area, receives about 46.0 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 404.65 and is about 51% forested.

## InfoBox

| Rocky Branch
Tributary to Reedy Fork | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Rocky Branch mouthRocky Branch (Reedy Fork tributary) (the United States) | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | North Carolina |
| County | Guilford |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | divide between Rocky Branch and Candy Creek |
| location | about 1 mile east of Monticello, North Carolina |
| coordinates | 36°12′56″N 079°39′14″W / 36.21556°N 79.65389°W / 36.21556; -79.65389 |
| elevation | 805 ft (245 m) |
|  | |
| Mouth | Reedy Fork |
| location | about 4 southeast of Monticello, North Carolina |
| coordinates | 36°10′48″N 079°38′55″W / 36.18000°N 79.64861°W / 36.18000; -79.64861 |
| elevation | 650 ft (200 m) |
| Length | 2.49 mi (4.01 km) |
| Basin size | 2.32 square miles (6.0 km2) |
|  | |
| Discharge |  |
| location | Reedy Fork |
| average | 2.91 cu ft/s (0.082 m3/s) at mouth with Reedy Fork |
|  | |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Reedy ForkHaw RiverCape Fear RiverAtlantic Ocean |
| River system | Haw River |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | unnamed tributaries |
| right | unnamed tributaries |
| Bridges | Turner Smith Road |


title: Bolton Muslim Girls' School

abstract: Bolton Muslim Girls' School is a secondary school located in Bolton in the English county of Greater Manchester. It was founded in 1987 as a private Islamic school for girls by Bolton Muslim Welfare Trust. In 2007 it became a voluntary aided school and part of the state-funded sector administered by Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council. In September 2016 the school converted to academy status. The school is now sponsored by the Prosper Multi-Academy Trust. Bolton Muslim Girls' School offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils.

text:
# Bolton Muslim Girls' School

**Bolton Muslim Girls' School** is a secondary school located in Bolton in the English county of Greater Manchester.

It was founded in 1987 as a private Islamic school for girls by Bolton Muslim Welfare Trust. In 2007 it became a voluntary aided school and part of the state-funded sector administered by Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council. In September 2016 the school converted to academy status. The school is now sponsored by the Prosper Multi-Academy Trust.

Bolton Muslim Girls' School offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils.

## InfoBox

| Bolton Muslim Girls' School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Swan Lane
Bolton, Greater Manchester, BL3 6TQ
England | |
| Coordinates | 53°34′03″N 2°26′29″W / 53.56746°N 2.4415°W / 53.56746; -2.4415 |
| Information | |
| Type | Academy |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Islam |
| Established | 1987 (1987) |
| Local authority | Bolton Council |
| Trust | Prosper Multi-Academy Trust |
| Department for Education URN | 142340 Tables |
| Ofsted | Reports |
| Headteacher | Idrish Patel |
| Gender | Girls |
| Age | 11 to 16 |
| Website | http://www.bmgs.prospermat.co.uk/ |


title: Erbessa papula

abstract: Erbessa papula is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by Paul Dognin in 1923. It is found in Brazil and Venezuela.

text:
# Erbessa papula

***Erbessa papula*** is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by Paul Dognin in 1923. It is found in Brazil and Venezuela.

* Miller, James S. (2009). "Generic revision of the Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 1: Dioptini". *Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History*. **321** (2): 1–676. hdl:2246/5978.

## InfoBox

| *Erbessa papula* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Notodontidae |
| Genus: | *Erbessa* |
| Species: | ***E. papula*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Erbessa papula***<br>(Dognin, 1923) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Myonia papula* Dognin, 1923 | |


title: Stizocera asyka

abstract: Stizocera asyka is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Galileo and Martins in 2004.

text:
# Stizocera asyka

***Stizocera asyka*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Galileo and Martins in 2004.

## InfoBox

| *Stizocera asyka* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Stizocera*** |
| Species: | ***S. asyka*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Stizocera asyka***<br>Galileo & Martins, 2004 | |
|


title: Russell Allport

abstract: (James) Russell Allport was an Australian electrical engineer in Hobart, Tasmania.

text:
# Russell Allport

**(James) Russell Allport** (died 5 February 1914 in Suva, Fiji) was an Australian electrical engineer in Hobart, Tasmania.

## Life and work

Russell Allport was born in as a son of Morton Allport and his wife Elizabeth, née Ritchie. After completing his education in this city he proceeded to Mount Cameron, at the north-eastern end of the Tasmanian island at the age of 17, and then obtained his first experience in engineering at the Longreach Dredging and Tin-Mining Co. He continued there some time, and then went to England, and entered the company of Spagnoletti & Crookes as an apprentice, where he gained a thorough knowledge of the profession of engineer.

He first went to work on the City and South London Railway which was being built underground. He was next sent by the same company to Notting Hill Electric Light Station. This low voltage electric power supply station worked on the three wire system with accumulators, supplying an area of two square miles. Russell Allport soon grasped the fundamental principles of the business, and gained valuable experience. But it was at Ferranti's work at Deptford that he gained his knowledge of high voltage electrical engineering. Two machines of 10,100 horse-power each were constructed at these works, capable of supplying light to 200,000 glow lamps of 16 c.p. each. These machines overall measured 85 feet (26 m) in height; the magnets had a weight of 460 tons, and the armatures 325 tons. The main shaft weighed 37 tons, and was turned from the largest ingot of steel ever cast in Scotland. The machines that could be opened out in five minutes, to make repairs to the armature of the dynamo.

Before returning to Tasmania, Russell Allport visited Germany, France, Italy and other places for the purpose of gaining experience in his profession, bringing back with him a knowledge that was to prove of great benefit to himself, and help in keeping Hobart at pace with the onward march of time. A few weeks after his return he entered the service of the Hobart Electric Tramway Company as assistant engineer under A. C. Parker.

In 1895 he set up an establishment in Murray Street, but it was not long before he found that the premises were not nearly large enough for the rapid growth of his business. His first order of any note was to instill the electric light on the S.S. Silver Crown, belonging to Messrs. O'May Bros.

He purchased subsequently 75 by 170 feet (23 m × 52 m) land in Melville Street, on which he erected a brick factory on the most modern lines. Within four years he employed 15 persons. He expanded his premises further comprising front offices and stores, a commodious machinery workshop and engine room, a carpenter's shop, brass and iron foundry, and smithy. The implements used were four lathes, planing, drilling, shaping, and screwing machines. Russell Allport added also the necessary appliances for taking Röntgen X ray photographs, so that a most useful institution, even in this particular alone, has been founded. He has built at this establishment a steam engine of 30 horse power to order. He has been credited for having built the finest manufacturing plant in the southern part of Tasmania.

Several steamers have been installed with the electric light machinery and fittings, including the *Banks Peninsula*, *Grafton* and *Australia*. Russell Allport was agent for the Brush Electrical Engineering Co., a company having a world-wide reputation, and he has introduced much of their machinery into Tasmania. His cycle repairing could not be beaten in the colony, the very latest appliances being kept to carry this work out in its entirety. Russell Allport has been engaged in executing intricate machinery for one of the largest companies in the colony, and it is extremely satisfactory to note that experts give it as their opinion that it is equal to imported.

All the casting and planing was done on the premises under Russell Allport's personal supervision. Many of the leading Hobart establishments have had their electric light fittings carried out by him. The brackets that hold the arc and incandescent lamps in position over footpaths were wrought at Russell Allport's establishment. They were exceptionally neat and of tasty design, combining that necessary adjunct, strength. The foundry is most complete, while the carpenter's shop contained every requisite for that portion of the business.

His premises were lit throughout with the electric light. The workmen employed were well up in their particular line, and with Allport's supervision nothing but the best work was turned out. The trade has extended in many directions, and was not likely to decline in the hands of such a capable manager. He invested wisely, and was subsequently reaping the benefit. Allport's connection with Hobart, brief though it has been so far, has been of immense advantage to the development of the city, as well as to himself.

Russell Allort died in the Colonial Hospital, Suva, Fiji, on 7 January 1914 after making the trip to the Fiji's islands in the steamer *Tofua*, during which he became so ill that he had to be sent to the hospital on the steamer's arrival in Suva.

## Projects (selection)

* Electric locomotive
* Electric light of Gaiety Theatre, Zeehan
* 17-light electrical installation for the steamer *Banks Peninsula* of Messrs T. A. Reynolds and Co (November 1895).

1. Russell Allport, A.M.I.E.E., Electrical Engineer, Melville-Street. The Mercury, 1 June 1899, page 2.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
2. S.S. Silver Crown. Extensive Alterations. The Mercury, 3 July 1896, page 2
3. *Eastern Australasia. Items by mail.* The West Australian, 5 February 1914, page 5.
4. "Light Railways magazine Nos 251 to latest". *lrrsa.org.au*.
5. "Gaiety Theatre, Zeehan".
6. *Shipping Enterprise.* Zeehan and Dundas Herald, 26. November 1895, page 2.


title: Burgh by Sands Castle

abstract: Burgh by Sands Castle was located near the village of Burgh by Sands, Cumbria, England. The castle was located to the east of the village. A fortified manor house is known in the 12th century. A circular pele tower was constructed in the 13th century. It was the caput of the barony of Burgh by Sands. Originally held by Robert d'Estrivers, it passed by marriage of his daughter and heiress Ibria to Ranulf de Engaine. It later passed by the heiress Ada to Simon de Morville and then Thomas de Multon. The castle was destroyed in 1339 during a raid by a Scottish army and was never rebuilt. No remains are evident above ground.

text:
# Burgh by Sands Castle

**Burgh by Sands Castle** was located near the village of Burgh by Sands, Cumbria, England.

The castle was located to the east of the village. A fortified manor house is known in the 12th century. A circular pele tower was constructed in the 13th century. It was the caput of the barony of Burgh by Sands.

Originally held by Robert d'Estrivers, it passed by marriage of his daughter and heiress Ibria to Ranulf de Engaine. It later passed by the heiress Ada to Simon de Morville and then Thomas de Multon.

The castle was destroyed in 1339 during a raid by a Scottish army and was never rebuilt. No remains are evident above ground.

* Curwen, J.F. Castles and Fortified Towers of Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire North of the Sands. Kendal Titus Wilson, 1913.
* Sanders, I.J. *English Baronies: A Study of their Origin and Descent 1086-1327*, Oxford, 1960.

54°55′24″N 3°02′06″W / 54.92321702°N 3.03507288°W / 54.92321702; -3.03507288


title: Sadhu Aufochs Johnston

abstract: Sadhu Aufochs Johnston was the City Manager of Vancouver, BC from March 2016 until January 2021 where he was responsible for managing the operations of the City, including oversight of a budget of over $1.6B and over 7,000 staff. As City Manager he spearheaded initiatives to address the growing housing and climate change crisis in Vancouver. He was the Chief Environmental Officer of Chicago and Deputy Chief of Staff to Mayor Richard M. Daley, until he was appointed Deputy City Manager of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada in 2009. Johnston previously served as the Executive Director of the Cleveland Green Building Coalition. He is co-author of "The Guide to Greening Cities" published by Island Press in 2013. In 2008, Johnston co-founded the Urban Sustainability Directors Network (USDN) and served as the Chair of the Executive Committee of STAR, community sustainability rating system. Johnston served on the selection committee for the Partners for Places Fund, a partnership between USDN and the Funders Network for Smart Growth and Livable Communities as well as the Greenest City Fund in partnership with the Vancouver Foundation.

text:
# Sadhu Aufochs Johnston

**Sadhu Aufochs Johnston** was the City Manager of Vancouver, BC from March 2016 until January 2021 where he was responsible for managing the operations of the City, including oversight of a budget of over $1.6B and over 7,000 staff. As City Manager he spearheaded initiatives to address the growing housing and climate change crisis in Vancouver. He was the Chief Environmental Officer of Chicago and Deputy Chief of Staff to Mayor Richard M. Daley, until he was appointed Deputy City Manager of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada in 2009. Johnston previously served as the Executive Director of the Cleveland Green Building Coalition. He is co-author of "The Guide to Greening Cities" published by *Island Press* in 2013. In 2008, Johnston co-founded the Urban Sustainability Directors Network (USDN) and served as the Chair of the Executive Committee of STAR, community sustainability rating system. Johnston served on the selection committee for the Partners for Places Fund, a partnership between USDN and the Funders Network for Smart Growth and Livable Communities as well as the Greenest City Fund in partnership with the Vancouver Foundation.

## Background

Johnston was born in the United Kingdom to a Canadian father and a German Jewish mother who was born in South Africa. Johnston lived in many cities around the world with his mother, a psychotherapist, who raised him in communes from India to Colorado. Although he is not of Indian heritage, he was named Sadhu as a result of his parents' extended stays in India during the 1960s and 1970s where they immersed themselves in alternative spirituality. He is a dual US and Canadian citizen who spent several summers visiting his father, who worked as a carpenter, and grandmother in Vancouver while growing up.

## Education

He graduated from Oberlin College in 1998 where he studied environmental studies and politics. He also studied at Vassar College.

## Chicago period

Johnston was appointed Chief Environmental Officer and Deputy Chief of Staff of Chicago in July 2005 by Mayor Richard M. Daley. During his time in Chicago, Johnston oversaw the development of theChicago Climate Action Plan (CCAP), one of North America's first climate plans to integrate adaptation and mitigation initiatives. Johnston was involved in the development and implementation in Chicago of green jobs, waste reduction, energy conservation, and green roof initiatives among others.

## Vancouver Deputy City Manager

On September 1, 2009 Penny Ballem, the city manager of Vancouver, announced that Johnston would be hired as Deputy City Manager to lead the city's environmental efforts. During his time in Vancouver, Johnston has led the development and implementation of the City of Vancouver's Greenest City Action Plan (GCAP). The plan, which has been recognized globally has 10 goal areas, with ambitious targets in areas such as carbon, green transit, green jobs, waste, food, and green buildings. Vancouver has reduced the community-wide greenhouse gas emissions by over 6% since 1990, despite an over 30% increase in the population and an over 20% increase in jobs. Johnston has supported the establishment of CityStudio, a first in the world partnership between a city and six universities and colleges to help solve urban challenges. Johnston highlighted Vancouver's efforts to improve local food infrastructure in a recent city video, which was viewed across the world. Johnston provided a presentation of GCAP to ASEAN Sustainable Development Conference in Thailand which provides a succinct overview of Vancouver's efforts.

## Vancouver City Manager

In September, 2015, Johnston assumed the Acting City Manager role and in March 2016, after an international search, he was announced by City Council as the next City Manager. As City Manager he was involved with a wide variety of initiatives at the city, such as the creation of major public space legacies like the Arbutus Greenway and the closure of Robson Street at the Vancouver Art Gallery to create a new plaza; addressing the housing crisis with temporary modular housing, new housing policies to create thousands of new rental units and successfully rolling out the first Empty Homes Tax in North America, which has generated tens of millions of dollars to invest in affordable housing; investments in arts, such as helping the Mural Festival transform many neighborhoods with public art; the implementation of the Greenest City Action Plan with carbon emission reductions, waste diversion programs, separated bike lanes, electric vehicle and car sharing proliferation across the city; and capital projects like the Burrard Bridge, Kilarney seniors centre, new childcare projects being built on parking garages downtown and the replacement of the Evelyne Saller Centre and Roddan Lodge in the DTES. These and many other initiatives in Vancouver are globally leading and have helped to shape other cities around the world. While taking all of this action, Vancouver was the only Canadian City to have a triple A credit rating from multiple credit rating agencies.

## Recognition and awards

Johnston has been recognized for his leadership in urban greening, including Crain's Chicago Business 40 under 40 and Vancouver Magazine Power 50.

## Family

Johnston is married to Manda Aufochs Gillespie, an environmental consultant and writer. The couple, who met while attending Oberlin College, have two daughters.

1. Wood, Linda Solomon; September 15th 2020, David McKie (15 September 2020). "Sadhu Johnston, who pushed Vancouver to forefront of global sustainability, resigns". *Canada's National Observer*.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
2. "Dan Fumano: Departing city manager Sadhu Johnston leaves on his own terms". *vancouversun*. Retrieved 2021-02-28.
3. Ward, Doug (September 1, 2009). "Vancouver hires U.S. expert to make city greener". *Vancouver Sun*. Archived from the original on September 6, 2009.
4. "Speakers and Presenters" Archived 2010-05-30 at the Wayback Machine, *Oberlin Website*, Accessed September 2, 2009.
5. "The Guide to Greening Cities". *Island Press*.
6. "Island Press |". *Island Press*.
7. Network, Urban Sustainability Directors. "Urban Sustainability Directors Network". *www.usdn.org*.
8. "The Rating System | STAR Communities". *www.starcommunities.org*. Archived from the original on 21 March 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
9. "Funders' Network". *www.fundersnetwork.org*. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
10. https://vancouverfoundation.ca/initiatives/greenest-city-fund
11. Klages, Karen (March 11, 2007). "The eco-centrics". *Chicago Tribune*. Archived from the original on 2015-10-01.
12. Bula, Frances (September 1, 2009). "Chicago mayor's whiz kid becomes Gregor Robertson's". *The Globe and Mail*. Archived from the original on 2012-10-19.
13. "Sadhu Johnston; 34 - Chief environmental officer, city of Chicago.", *Crain's Chicago Business*, November 3, 2008.
14. Bula, Frances (October 13, 2009). "The new Deputy City Manager on the greening of Chicago, his middle name, and worms in the basement". *Vancouver Magazine*. Archived from the original on 2010-01-03.
15. "Research & Reports | City of Chicago Climate Action Plan". *www.chicagoclimateaction.org*. Archived from the original on 2010-02-17.
16. Johnson, Dirk (2008-09-19). "Chicago Unveils Multifaceted Plan to Curb Emissions of Heat-Trapping Gases (Published 2008)". *The New York Times*. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-02-28.
17. Vancouver, City of. "Greenest City Action Plan". *vancouver.ca*.
18. "Connecting Vancouver to Build a Better City". *CityStudio Vancouver*.
19. "City of Vancouver Food Strategy: What Feeds Us". Archived from the original on 2021-12-21  via www.youtube.com.
20. "Sadhu Johnston presentation for ASEAN conference, 2014". Archived from the original on 2021-12-21  via www.youtube.com.
21. "Vancouver city manager Sadhu Johnston resigning, citing desire to spend more time with family". Retrieved 2021-02-28.
22. "Sadhu Johnston". *Crain's Chicago Business*. November 1, 2008.
23. "The Vancouver Power 50 2014 | Vancouver Magazine". *www.vanmag.com*. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
24. "About the Green Mama", *The Green Mama Website*, Accessed September 2, 2009.


title: Bono's Restaurant and Deli

abstract: Bono's Restaurant and Deli is a historic restaurant located at 15395 Foothill Boulevard in Fontana, California. The restaurant opened in 1936 to serve travelers on U.S. Route 66, which then passed in front of the site; it originally operated as a produce stand. In 1943, increased traffic on the highway prompted the owners to expand their operations, and the current building was constructed as a full-service restaurant. The restaurant building has a Streamline Moderne design and features red and green stripes promoting its Italian cuisine as well as painted grapevines promoting its wine. As Fontana's Italian immigrant community grew in the 1940s, the restaurant also became a local source of Italian foods previously unavailable in the area. The Big Orange, a 7-foot (2.1 m) tall orange-shaped citrus stand, is located on the property of the restaurant. The orange was originally located 3 miles (4.8 km) to the east. The orange juice stand was one of many similar businesses that served people along U.S. Route 66, adjacent to the abundance of orange groves, in the 1920s and 1930s. Restaurant owner Joe Bono [cousin of Sonny Bono] purchased the stand in the 1990s and moved it to its current site. While the restaurant had an orange-shaped stand of its own when it served Route 66 traffic, it was eventually demolished due to decreased demand. The Big Orange is one of six surviving orange-shaped buildings in California. The restaurant, which reopened on February 8, 2019, after being closed for many years, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008. Joe Bono received permission to move the building 20 feet (6.1 m) back from Foothill Boulevard in 2013.

text:
# Bono's Restaurant and Deli

**Bono's Restaurant and Deli** is a historic restaurant located at 15395 Foothill Boulevard in Fontana, California. The restaurant opened in 1936 to serve travelers on U.S. Route 66, which then passed in front of the site; it originally operated as a produce stand.

In 1943, increased traffic on the highway prompted the owners to expand their operations, and the current building was constructed as a full-service restaurant. The restaurant building has a Streamline Moderne design and features red and green stripes promoting its Italian cuisine as well as painted grapevines promoting its wine. As Fontana's Italian immigrant community grew in the 1940s, the restaurant also became a local source of Italian foods previously unavailable in the area.

The Big Orange, a 7-foot (2.1 m) tall orange-shaped citrus stand, is located on the property of the restaurant. The orange was originally located 3 miles (4.8 km) to the east. The orange juice stand was one of many similar businesses that served people along U.S. Route 66, adjacent to the abundance of orange groves, in the 1920s and 1930s. Restaurant owner Joe Bono \[cousin of Sonny Bono\] purchased the stand in the 1990s and moved it to its current site. While the restaurant had an orange-shaped stand of its own when it served Route 66 traffic, it was eventually demolished due to decreased demand. The Big Orange is one of six surviving orange-shaped buildings in California.

The restaurant, which reopened on February 8, 2019, after being closed for many years, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008. Joe Bono received permission to move the building 20 feet (6.1 m) back from Foothill Boulevard in 2013.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Bono's Restaurant and Deli | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| The Big Orange | |
|  | |
| Nearest city | Fontana, California |
| Coordinates | 34°6′23″N 117°28′9″W / 34.10639°N 117.46917°W / 34.10639; -117.46917 |
| Area | 1 acre (0.40 ha) |
| Built | 1943 (1943) |
| Architectural style | Moderne |
| NRHP reference No. | 07001353 |
| Added to NRHP | January 10, 2008 |


title: Episimus brunneomarginatus

abstract: Episimus brunneomarginatus is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Ecuador. The wingspan is about 24 millimetres (0.94 in).

text:
# Episimus brunneomarginatus

***Episimus brunneomarginatus*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Ecuador (Morona-Santiago Province and Napo Province).

The wingspan is about 24 millimetres (0.94 in).

## InfoBox

| *Episimus brunneomarginatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Episimus* |
| Species: | ***E. brunneomarginatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Episimus brunneomarginatus***<br>(Razowski & Wojtusiak, 2006) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Epinotia brunneomarginata* Razowski & Wojtusiak, 2006 * *Episimus brunneomarginata* | |


title: Cordylancistrus daguae

abstract: Cordylancistrus daguae is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Dagua River basin in Colombia for which it is named. The species reaches 9.5 cm in total length.

text:
# Cordylancistrus daguae

***Cordylancistrus daguae*** is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Dagua River basin in Colombia for which it is named. The species reaches 9.5 cm (3.7 inches) in total length.

## InfoBox

| *Cordylancistrus daguae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Family: | Loricariidae |
| Genus: | *Cordylancistrus* |
| Species: | ***C. daguae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cordylancistrus daguae***<br>(Eigenmann, 1912) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Hemiancistrus daguae* * *Lasiancistrus daguae* | |


title: Samuel G. Love

abstract: Samuel Gurley Love was an American teacher and educationist. He taught at public schools in Buffalo, Randolph and Jamestown where he was the first principal and superintendent. He was an advocate of all-round education. An elementary school is now named after him. Love was born in Orleans County, New York where he studied before training in education at Hamilton College. He taught at Buffalo, Randolph and from 1865 at Jamestown. Here he became the first principal of the Jamestown Public Schools. Apart from all round education, he also took an interest in local history, becoming a founder and president of the Chautauqua County Historical Society. After retiring from the position of principal in 1891, he became a librarian at the James Prendergast Free Library. He was married to Mary Fenn Robinson from 1846 until divorce in 1854. They had two children.

text:
# Samuel G. Love

**Samuel Gurley Love** (30 May 1821-12 November 1893) was an American teacher and educationist. He taught at public schools in Buffalo, Randolph and Jamestown where he was the first principal and superintendent. He was an advocate of all-round education. An elementary school is now named after him.

Love was born in Orleans County, New York where he studied before training in education at Hamilton College. He taught at Buffalo, Randolph and from 1865 at Jamestown. Here he became the first principal of the Jamestown Public Schools. Apart from all round education, he also took an interest in local history, becoming a founder and president of the Chautauqua County Historical Society.

After retiring from the position of principal in 1891, he became a librarian at the James Prendergast Free Library. He was married to Mary Fenn Robinson from 1846 until divorce in 1854. They had two children.


title: Steal the Light

abstract: Steal the Light is the sixth studio album by Australian band the Cat Empire, released on 17 May 2013, through Inertia Records and Two Shoes Records. It is the band's first release under an independent label, and their first in a series of three albums by the band that were produced by Jan Skubiszewski. It was released more than two years and 10 months after their previous album, Cinema (2010) – the band's longest gap between albums at the time. It entered and peaked at No. 3 on the ARIA Albums Chart. Lead single "Brighter Than Gold" was released on 22 February 2013 to commercial success, placing at number 89 in the Triple J Hottest 100, 2013. Another single, "Steal the Light", was released on 9 May 2013.

text:
# Steal the Light

***Steal the Light*** is the sixth studio album by Australian band the Cat Empire, released on 17 May 2013, through Inertia Records and Two Shoes Records. It is the band's first release under an independent label, and their first in a series of three albums by the band that were produced by Jan Skubiszewski. It was released more than two years and 10 months after their previous album, *Cinema* (2010) – the band's longest gap between albums at the time. It entered and peaked at No. 3 on the ARIA Albums Chart. Lead single "Brighter Than Gold" was released on 22 February 2013 to commercial success, placing at number 89 in the Triple J Hottest 100, 2013. Another single, "Steal the Light", was released on 9 May 2013.

## Background and recording

Felix Riebl wrote most of *Steal the Light* in a two-star lodge in Athens, while the anti-austerity riots of 2011 were taking place. He said that the album was written as a return to "to an energy that is present on our earlier albums". Unlike the band's previous album, *Cinema*, which was "about the band going through some shit", *Steal the Light* was written to be "more about dancing and the energy that our fans know us for". The band announced in July 2012 that they were rehearsing for the album.

## Artwork

The cover art of the album is the work of Graeme Base, a longtime fan of the band, who convinced the band to lift their 12-year ban on cat references in album art. The choice of Base to design the album art came about when the band were discussing art direction for the record, and Angus suggested using Base's book *Animalia* as a visual reference. The band decided that they would instead "just call him up and see if he \[would\] do it". Speaking about his meeting with the band, Base said that he "sat down in the studio with the guys from the Cat Empire and listened to some tracks. We spoke about jungles and ancient civilizations and impossibly impractical instruments...and I tried to keep the grin off my face."

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Clash |  |
| AAA Music |  |
| The Australian |  |
| Daily Express |  |

*Steal the Light* received generally positive reviews from music critics. Cai Trefor of *Clash* called the "pluralist approach" to the album "truly uplifting and original". They concluded the review by stating that the "loose, energetic and rhythmic compositions \[on the album would\] change shape through improvisation live, but in the way they’re captured on *Steal The Light*, they are thoroughly enjoyable." *Penny Black Music'*s Dave Goodwin dubbed the album "infectious catchy", and a "little gem", and said that "if you like your music uplifting, funky, ska'd up to the max and different, \[...\] this is for you." Tom Noyes of *The Music* described the album as an "audio holiday", and said that "*Steal The Light* shows that even after a decade in the game, the Cat Empire have still got it." Rachael Pilkington from *AAA Music* stated that "every song is perfectly crafted and sits seamlessly together, despite sounding so different".

Julia LeConte of *Now* said that "no one song is earth-shatteringly memorable, but Steal The Light was recorded to be played at outdoor grassy festivals with the intent of getting people up on their bare feet. At this it succeeds." Sarah Elks from *The Australian* described the sound of the record as a "wild mash-up of styles and sounds, but the listener is left energised rather than motion sick", and called the album "fun and frenetic". The *Daily Express* reacted less positively to the album, stating that the "curious mix of complicated rock, reggae and jazz espoused by this Melbourne-based sextet is oddly unsatisfying." *Witchdoctor* reacted even more negatively to the release, calling the Cat Empire "musical tourists without an original idea in their heads who have let fundamentally dull songwriters rule the roost", and "a band without a centre, except for a singer/songwriter who comes up with the most embarrassing cod-philosophies."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Brighter Than Gold" | * Felix Riebl * Harry Angus | 3:20 |
| 2. | "Prophets in the Sky" | * Angus * Riebl * Ollie McGill * Ryan Monro * Will Hull-Brown * Jamshid Khadiwala | 3:48 |
| 3. | "Steal The Light" | * Riebl * Angus | 3:45 |
| 4. | "Am I Wrong" | * Angus * Riebl * Khadiwala | 3:01 |
| 5. | "Wild Animals" | Angus | 4:02 |
| 6. | "Still Young" | Riebl | 4:18 |
| 7. | "Like A Drum" | * Riebl * Monro * Khadiwala | 4:39 |
| 8. | "Open Up Your Face" | Angus | 4:24 |
| 9. | "Go" | * Angus * Jan Skubiszewski | 3:25 |
| 10. | "Sleep Won't Sleep" | * Riebl * Angus | 4:43 |
| 11. | "Don't Throw Your Hands Up" | Angus | 4:08 |
| 12. | "All Night Loud" | Riebl | 3:31 |
| Total length: | | | 47:09 |

## Personnel

## Charts

| Chart (2013) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 3 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 88 |

1. Gumble, Daniel (23 January 2017). "PIAS acquires Australian label and distributor Inertia Music". *Music Week*. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
2. "Hottest 100 – 2013 | triple j". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 10 September 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
3. "Steal The Light Video Clip". *The Cat Empire*. 8 May 2013. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
4. "The Cat Empire To Hit The Forum". *Beat Magazine*. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
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6. "NEW ALBUM". *The Cat Empire*. 24 July 2012. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
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8. Trefor, Cai (29 August 2013). "The Cat Empire – Steal The Light". *Clash*. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
9. Pilkington, Rachael (14 October 2013). "THE CAT EMPIRE – Steal The Light". *AAA Music*. Archived from the original on 16 July 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
10. Elks, Sarah (1 June 2013). "Steal the Light (The Cat Empire)". *The Australian*. Archived from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
11. "CD Review: Cat Empire – Steal The Light Away". *Daily Express*. 25 August 2013. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
12. Goodwin, Dave (15 November 2013). "Cat Empire – Steal the Light". *Penny Black Music*. Archived from the original on 23 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
13. Noyes, Tom (1 May 2013). "Album Review: The Cat Empire – Steal The Light". *The Music*. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
14. LeConte, Julia (23 May 2013). "The Cat Empire – Steal The Light". *Now*. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
15. Steel, Gary (9 July 2013). "The Cat Empire – Steal The Light (Two Shoes) CD REVIEW". *Witchdoctor*. Archived from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
16. "Steal the Light".
17. "Australiancharts.com – The Cat Empire – Steal the Light". Hung Medien. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
18. "Dutchcharts.nl – The Cat Empire – Steal the Light" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved 25 February 2024.

## InfoBox

| Steal the Light | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by the Cat Empire | |
| Released | 17 May 2013 |
| Recorded | 2012 |
| Studio | Way of the Eagle Studios |
| Genre | Alternative |
| Length | 47:09 |
| Label | * Two Shoes * Inertia |
| Producer | Jan Skubiszewski |
| The Cat Empire chronology | |
| *Cinema*
(2010) ***Steal the Light***
(2013) *Rising with the Sun*
(2016) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Steal the Light* | |
| 1. "Brighter Than Gold"
Released: 22 February 2013 2. "Steal the Light"
Released: 9 May 2013 | |
|  | |


title: Edwin Craig

abstract: Edwin Craig is an actor who has played supporting roles in many Hollywood films. His most notable role was as the gangster "Rotelli" in the Tim Burton film Batman. He says the line, "What's with that stupid grin?" before the Joker kills him. He is the son of an Italian-American actress, Adele Craig.

text:
# Edwin Craig

**Edwin Craig** (born July 10, 1937) is an actor who has played supporting roles in many Hollywood films. His most notable role was as the gangster "Rotelli" in the Tim Burton film *Batman*. He says the line, "What's with that stupid grin?" before the Joker kills him. He is the son of an Italian-American actress, Adele Craig.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1973 | *The Don Is Dead* | Fargo Soldier | Uncredited |
| 1978 | *Rabbit Test* | Man In Crowd |  |
| 1982 | *Comeback* | "Freak" |  |
| 1987 | *Three Kinds of Heat* | Scibillia |  |
| 1988 | *Who Framed Roger Rabbit* | Arthritic Cowboy |  |
| 1988 | *Hellbound: Hellraiser II* | Wheelchair Patient |  |
| 1989 | *Batman* | Antoine Rotelli |  |
| 1992 | *The Runner* | George Callington |  |
| 1997 | *Confessions of a Lap Dancer* | Abe |  |
| 1997 | *Operation Dalmatian: The Big Adventure* | Medicine Man |  |
| 1998 | *Denial* | Audience Member |  |
| 1999 | *Not Quite an Angel* | Hampton |  |
| 2002 | *Trance* |  |  |
| 2003 | *Aquanoids* | Frank Walsh |  |
| 2004 | *Brain Blockers* | Dr. Douglas Newton |  |
| 2005 | *Alien Abduction* | The Director |  |
| 2007 | *Lake Dead* | Willard Lake / Grandpa |  |

## InfoBox

| Edwin Craig | |
| --- | --- |
| Edwin Craig in *Brain Blockers* | |
| Born | (1937-07-10) July 10, 1937 |


title: BioPerl

abstract: BioPerl is a collection of Perl modules that facilitate the development of Perl scripts for bioinformatics applications. It has played an integral role in the Human Genome Project.

text:
# BioPerl

**BioPerl** is a collection of Perl modules that facilitate the development of Perl scripts for bioinformatics applications. It has played an integral role in the Human Genome Project.

## Background

BioPerl is an active open source software project supported by the Open Bioinformatics Foundation. The first set of Perl codes of BioPerl was created by Tim Hubbard and Jong Bhak at MRC Centre Cambridge, where the first genome sequencing was carried out by Fred Sanger. MRC Centre was one of the hubs and birthplaces of modern bioinformatics as it had a large quantity of DNA sequences and 3D protein structures. Hubbard was using the `th_lib.pl` Perl library, which contained many useful Perl subroutines for bioinformatics. Bhak, Hubbard's first PhD student, created `jong_lib.pl`. Bhak merged the two Perl subroutine libraries into `Bio.pl`. The name BioPerl was coined jointly by Bhak and Steven Brenner at the Centre for Protein Engineering (CPE). In 1995, Brenner organized a BioPerl session at the Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology conference, held in Cambridge. BioPerl had some users in coming months including Georg Fuellen who organized a training course in Germany. Fuellen's colleagues and students greatly extended BioPerl; this was further expanded by others, including Steve Chervitz who was actively developing Perl codes for his yeast genome database. The major expansion came when Cambridge student Ewan Birney joined the development team.

The first stable release was on 11 June 2002; the most recent stable (in terms of API) release is 1.7.2 from 7 September 2017. There are also developer releases produced periodically. Version series 1.7.x is considered to be the most stable (in terms of bugs) version of BioPerl and is recommended for everyday use.

In order to take advantage of BioPerl, the user needs a basic understanding of the Perl programming language including an understanding of how to use Perl references, modules, objects, and methods.

## Features and examples

BioPerl provides software modules for many of the typical tasks of bioinformatics programming. These include:

**Example of accessing GenBank to retrieve a sequence:**

```
use Bio::DB::GenBank;

$db_obj = Bio::DB::GenBank->new;

$seq_obj = $db_obj->get_Seq_by_acc( # Insert Accession Number );

```
* Transforming formats of database/ file records

**Example code for transforming formats**

```
use Bio::SeqIO;

my $usage = "all2y.pl informat outfile outfileformat";
my $informat = shift or die $usage;
my $outfile = shift or die $usage;
my $outformat = shift or die $usage;

my $seqin = Bio::SeqIO->new( -fh  => *STDIN,  -format => $informat, );
my $seqout = Bio::SeqIO->new( -file  => ">$outfile",  -format => $outformat, );

while (my $inseq = $seqin->next_seq)
{
   $seqout->write_seq($inseq);
}

```
* Manipulating individual sequences

**Example of gathering statistics for a given sequence**

```
use Bio::Tools::SeqStats;
$seq_stats = Bio::Tools::SeqStats->new($seqobj);

$weight = $seq_stats->get_mol_wt();
$monomer_ref = $seq_stats->count_monomers();

# for nucleic acid sequence
$codon_ref = $seq_stats->count_codons();

```

## Usage

In addition to being used directly by end-users, BioPerl has also provided the base for a wide variety of bioinformatic tools, including amongst others:

* SynBrowse
* GeneComber
* TFBS
* MIMOX
* BioParser
* Degenerate primer design
* Querying the public databases
* Current Comparative Table

New tools and algorithms from external developers are often integrated directly into BioPerl itself:

* Dealing with phylogenetic trees and nested taxa
* FPC Web tools

## Advantages

BioPerl was one of the first biological module repositories that increased its usability. It has very easy to install modules, along with a flexible global repository. BioPerl uses good test modules for a large variety of processes.

## Disadvantages

There are many ways to use BioPerl, from simple scripting to very complex object programming. This makes the language not clear and sometimes hard to understand. For as many modules that BioPerl has, some do not always work the way they are intended.

Several related bioinformatics libraries implemented in other programming languages exist as part of the Open Bioinformatics Foundation, including:

## InfoBox

BioPerl
|
|  |
| Initial release | 11 June 2002 (2002-06-11) |
|  | |
| Stable release | 1.7.7  / 7 December 2019 (7 December 2019) |
|  | |
| Repository |  |
| Written in | Perl |
| Type | Bioinformatics |
| License | Artistic License and GPL |
| Website | bioperl.org |


title: Epacrophis boulengeri

abstract: Epacrophis boulengeri, also known commonly as the Manda flesh-pink blind snake and the Lamu worm snake, is a species of harmless snake in the family Leptotyphlopidae. The species is endemic to Kenya.

text:
# Epacrophis boulengeri

***Epacrophis boulengeri***, also known commonly as the **Manda flesh-pink blind snake** and the **Lamu worm snake**, is a species of harmless snake in the family Leptotyphlopidae. The species is endemic to Kenya.

## Etymology

The specific name, *boulengeri*, is in honor of Belgian-British herpetologist George Albert Boulenger.

## Geographic range

*E. boulengeri* is found on Lamu Island and Manda Island.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of *E. boulengeri* is coastal shrubland, at altitudes from sea level to 10 m (33 ft).

## Reproduction

*E. boulengeri* is oviparous.

## Further reading

* Adalsteinsson SA, Branch WR, Trape S, Vitt LJ, Hedges SB (2009). "Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of snakes of the family Leptotyphlopidae (Reptilia, Squamata)". *Zootaxa* **2244**: 1-50. (*Epacrophis boulengeri*, new combination, p. 27).
* Boettger O (1913). "*Reptilien und Amphibien von Madagascar, den Inseln und dem Festland Ostafrikas* ". pp. 269–375 + Plates 23–30. ***In*:** Voeltzkow A (1913). "*Reise in Ostafrika in den Jahren 1903-1905, mit Mitteln der Hermann und Elise geb. Heckmann Wentzel-Stiftung ausgeführt* ". *Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse* **3** (4): 269-564 + Plates 23-33. (*Glauconia boulengeri*, new species, p. 354 + Plate 25, figure 1). (in German).
* Loveridge A (1957). "Check List of the Reptiles and Amphibians of East Africa (Uganda; Kenya; Tanganyika; Zanzibar)". *Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, in Cambridge* **117** (2): 153-362 + i-xxxvi (index). (*Leptotyphlops boulengeri*, new combination, p. 246).

## InfoBox

| *Epacrophis boulengeri* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Leptotyphlopidae |
| Genus: | *Epacrophis* |
| Species: | ***E. boulengeri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Epacrophis boulengeri***
(Boettger, 1913) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Glauconia boulengeri*
Boettger, 1913 * *Leptotyphlops boulengeri*
Loveridge, 1957 * *Epacrophis boulengeri*
Adalsteinsson et al., 2009 | |


title: Rumbleverse

abstract: Rumbleverse was a free-to-play brawler battle royale video game developed by Iron Galaxy and published by Epic Games Publishing. The game was released for Windows via Epic Games Store, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S on August 11, 2022. The servers shut down on February 28, 2023, six months after its launch.

text:
# Rumbleverse

***Rumbleverse*** was a free-to-play brawler battle royale video game developed by Iron Galaxy and published by Epic Games Publishing. The game was released for Windows via Epic Games Store, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S on August 11, 2022. The servers shut down on February 28, 2023, six months after its launch.

## Gameplay

*Rumbleverse* was a battle royale game played from a third-person perspective. 40 players were dropped into Grapital City or Low Key Key and had to fight against each other with the goal of being the last survivor. Unlike similar games in the market, *Rumbleverse* focused on melee combat, and players had no access to any gun or firearm. Players had several basic attacks, including punches, kicks, and elbow drops. Basic attacks could be blocked, while stronger attacks, called vicious attacks, were unblockable and had to be dodged instead.

At the beginning of a match, players would explore Grapital City or Low Key Key and collect various items hidden inside boxes including melee weapons such as baseball bats and chairs, magazines that teach special moves, and potions that increased the player's stats such as health, stamina and strength. Every building in the game was climbable, allowing players to quickly navigate through Grapital City and reach strategic positions. Similar to other battle royale games, players had to stay within a shrinking circle. When the player was outside the circle, a timer began counting down from 10. Players were disqualified once the timer reaches zero. Iron Galaxy estimated that each match lasted around 12–15 minutes.

*Rumbleverse* utilized a battle pass model. As players progressed in the game, they could earn Fame, which unlocked in-game cosmetics. Players could also purchase Brawlla Bills, another type of currency which was purchased through microtransactions.

## Development

The game was developed by Iron Galaxy. The studio, when developing *Rumbleverse*, drew from their experience working on live service games, as they were involved in porting *Fortnite* and *The Elder Scrolls Online* to consoles. The idea of developing a pro wrestling game first originated from Iron Galaxy's co-CEO Chelsea Blasko in October 2017. The idea led to the creation of the timer, which was considered to be "a convenient homage to the wrestling world" by the team. Traversal was considered to be an important gameplay pillar. Adam Boyes, the CEO of the studio, described it as "a very important, almost main character" for *Rumbleverse*, and added that players who are familiar with speedrunning and platform games such as *Crash Bandicoot* and *Mario* win a match most frequently as they understand how to navigate the map efficiently. The team believed that the lack of firearms in the game will compel players to change the tactics they usually use in other battle royale games, resulting in a different gameplay experience.

*Rumbleverse* was first announced at The Game Awards 2021 by Iron Galaxy and Epic Games Publishing. Initially set to be released on February 15, 2022, the game was delayed so that the development team can add more content. *Rumbleverse* was released for PC via the Epic Games Store, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One and Xbox Series X and Series S on August 11 of the same year. Several online playtesting sessions were held. The final season was released on November 16 of the same year.

The game was taken offline on February 28, 2023 and all in-game purchases since launch were eligible for a refund.

## Reception

During the 26th Annual D.I.C.E. Awards, the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences nominated *Rumbleverse* for Online Game of the Year and Fighting Game of the Year.

## InfoBox

| Rumbleverse | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Iron Galaxy |
| Publisher(s) | Epic Games Publishing |
| Engine | Unreal Engine 4 |
| Platform(s) |  |
| Release | August 11, 2022 |
| Genre(s) | Brawler, battle royale |
| Mode(s) | Multiplayer |


title: Brad Daugherty (poker player)

abstract: Brad Daugherty is a professional poker player. Daugherty began playing poker in 1969 on a high school trip. Following high school he worked in the construction industry, but after hearing of large prize money for tournament winnings, in 1978 he moved to Reno, Nevada. In 1987 he won his first tournament. He was awarded the first ever million-dollar first-place prize at the World Series of Poker when he won the bracelet in the 1991 Main Event, and finished in ninth place in 1993. As of 2009, his total live tournament winnings exceed $1,700,000. His 19 cashes as the WSOP account for $1,158,574 of those winnings. Daugherty is the co-author with Tom McEvoy of Championship Satellite Strategy and No-Limit Texas Hold'em for New Players. He is married, has three sons, and currently resides in the Philippines, where he attempted to raise money for impoverished families by putting his 1991 WSOP bracelet up for auction on eBay twice in 2010 and 2011, with it going unsold both times due to bids not meeting his reserve price.

text:
# Brad Daugherty (poker player)

**Brad Daugherty** (born July 5, 1951, in Mountain Grove, Missouri) is a professional poker player.

Daugherty began playing poker in 1969 on a high school trip. Following high school he worked in the construction industry, but after hearing of large prize money for tournament winnings, in 1978 he moved to Reno, Nevada. In 1987 he won his first tournament.

He was awarded the first ever million-dollar first-place prize at the World Series of Poker when he won the bracelet in the 1991 Main Event, and finished in ninth place in 1993. As of 2009, his total live tournament winnings exceed $1,700,000. His 19 cashes as the WSOP account for $1,158,574 of those winnings.

Daugherty is the co-author with Tom McEvoy of *Championship Satellite Strategy* and *No-Limit Texas Hold'em for New Players*. He is married, has three sons, and currently resides in the Philippines, where he attempted to raise money for impoverished families by putting his 1991 WSOP bracelet up for auction on eBay twice in 2010 and 2011, with it going unsold both times due to bids not meeting his reserve price.

## World Series of Poker Bracelets

| Year | Tournament | Prize (US$) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1991 | $10,000 No Limit Hold'em World Championship | $1,000,000 |
|

## InfoBox

| Brad Daugherty | |
| --- | --- |
| Daugherty at the 2009 World Series of Poker | |
| Residence | Philippines |
| Born | July 5, 1951 (1951-07-05) (age 73)
Mountain Grove, Missouri, U.S. |
| World Series of Poker | |
| Bracelet(s) | 1 |
| Money finish(es) | 19 |
| Highest ITM
Main Event finish | Winner, 1991 |
| World Poker Tour | |
| Title(s) | *None* |
| Final table(s) | *None* |
| Money finish(es) | 2 |
|


title: Boys railway station

abstract: Boys was a station on the South Gippsland railway line in Victoria, and opened with the South Gippsland line in January 1892. It was one of the first stations on the line to be closed, which occurred in March 1953. The name of station was derived from "Boys Road", which crossed the line at that point.

text:
# Boys railway station

**Boys** was a station on the South Gippsland railway line in Victoria, and opened with the South Gippsland line in January 1892. It was one of the first stations on the line to be closed, which occurred in March 1953. The name of station was derived from "Boys Road", which crossed the line at that point.

38°41′7″S 146°3′22″E / 38.68528°S 146.05611°E / -38.68528; 146.05611

## InfoBox

| Boys | |
| --- | --- |
| General information | |
| Line(s) | South Gippsland |
| Platforms | 1 |
| Tracks | 1 |
| Other information | |
| Status | Closed |
| History | |
| Opened | 13 January 1892 (1892-01-13) |
| Closed | 16 March 1953 (1953-03-16)<br>30 June 1992 (1992-06-30)(line) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station   Disused railways   Following station  Buffalo   South Gippsland line   Fish Creek  **List of closed railway stations in Victoria** | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Bounded weak echo region

abstract: The bounded weak echo region, also known as a BWER or a vault, is a radar signature within a thunderstorm characterized by a local minimum in radar reflectivity at low levels which extends upward into, and is surrounded by higher reflectivities aloft, forming a kind of dome of weak echoes. This feature is associated with a strong updraft and is almost always found in the inflow region of a thunderstorm: it cannot be seen visually. The BWER has been noted on radar imagery of severe thunderstorms since 1973 and has a lightning detection system equivalent known as a lightning hole.

text:
# Bounded weak echo region

The **bounded weak echo region**, also known as a **BWER** or a vault, is a radar signature within a thunderstorm characterized by a local minimum in radar reflectivity at low levels which extends upward into, and is surrounded by higher reflectivities aloft, forming a kind of dome of weak echoes. This feature is associated with a strong updraft and is almost always found in the inflow region of a thunderstorm: it cannot be seen visually. The BWER has been noted on radar imagery of severe thunderstorms since 1973 and has a lightning detection system equivalent known as a *lightning hole*.

## Description and attributes

The BWER is a nearly vertical channel of weak radar echo, surrounded on the sides and top by significantly stronger echoes. The BWER, sometimes called a vault, is related to the strong updraft in a severe convective storm that carries newly formed atmospheric particulates, called hydrometeors, to high levels before they can grow to radar-detectable sizes. BWERs are typically found at mid-levels of convective storms, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) above the ground, and are a few kilometers in horizontal diameter. Identifying the location of the updraft region is important because it is linked to locations where severe weather normally occurs. The presence of a BWER has been part of a method to diagnose thunderstorm strength as part of the Lemon technique since 1977. The updraft strength within the BWER supports the growth of large hailstones just above the vault, which is displaced slightly into the direction of motion of the parent supercell storm.

### Detection

The bounded weak echo region (BWER) is a region of low radar reflectivity bounded above by an area of higher radar reflectivity which shows evidence of a strong updraft within mesocyclones. Radar analysts have recognized this phenomenon since at least 1973, using different elevation scans. Methods of objectively corroborating that a BWER is associated with a mesocyclone involve using a weather radar with the Doppler effect to obtain the precipitation velocities. This have been available operationally in United States since 1997 with the NEXRAD network. When using the lightning detection system, lightning holes (uncovered in 2004) correspond to where a BWER would be seen on radar.

A cross-section of the three-dimensional reflectivity of a thunderstorm shows the vault better. Algorithms were developed by the J.S. Marshall Radar Observatory of McGill University in Canada to locate the overhang region in a thunderstorm by the late 1980s. Its radar uses 24 angles, giving it good vertical resolution. In the United States, fewer scanning angles are made within the WSR-88D radar, which makes it more difficult to detect the overhang. Once the overhang is located, it is possible to make a cross-section to view if it is related with a BWER. However, since 1997, algorithms have been developed by the National Weather Service to determine regions of reflectivity gradient in three dimensions and the presence of BWER in convection.

The development of a pronounced BWER can lead to tropical cyclone-like radar signatures over land when located with a low angle plan position indicator (PPI). In the lightning detection system, lightning holes (uncovered in 2004) correspond to locations where a BWER would appear on radar.


title: Bounded type (mathematics)

abstract:
In mathematics, a function defined on a region of the complex plane is said to be of bounded type if it is equal to the ratio of two analytic functions bounded in that region. But more generally, a function is of bounded type in a region Ω if and only if f is analytic on Ω and log +  | f | has a harmonic majorant on Ω, where log +  = max [ 0, log  ]. Being the ratio of two bounded analytic functions is a sufficient condition for a function to be of bounded type, and if Ω is simply connected the condition is also necessary. The class of all such f on Ω is commonly denoted N and is sometimes called the Nevanlinna class for Ω. The Nevanlinna class includes all the Hardy classes. Functions of bounded type are not necessarily bounded, nor do they have a property called "type" which is bounded. The reason for the name is probably that when defined on a disc, the Nevanlinna characteristic is bounded. Clearly, if a function is the ratio of two bounded functions, then it can be expressed as the ratio of two functions which are bounded by 1:
  - f = P / Q The logarithms of | 1 / P | and of | 1 / Q | are non-negative in the region, so
  - log  | f | = log  | 1 / Q | − log  | 1 / P | ≤ log  | 1 / Q |
  - log +  | f | = max [ 0, log  | f | ] ≤ max ≤ log  | 1 / Q | ≤ − ℜ. The latter is the real part of an analytic function and is therefore harmonic, showing that log +  | f | has a harmonic majorant on Ω. For a given region, sums, differences, and products of functions of bounded type are of bounded type, as is the quotient of two such functions as long as the denominator is not identically zero.

text:
# Bounded type (mathematics)

In mathematics, a function defined on a region of the complex plane is said to be of **bounded type** if it is equal to the ratio of two analytic functions bounded in that region. But more generally, a function is of bounded type in a region $\Omega $ if and only if $f$ is analytic on $\Omega $ and $\log ^{+}|f(z)|$ has a harmonic majorant on $\Omega ,$ where $\log ^{+}(x)=\max\[0,\log(x)\]$. Being the ratio of two bounded analytic functions is a sufficient condition for a function to be of bounded type (defined in terms of a harmonic majorant), and if $\Omega $ is simply connected the condition is also necessary.

The class of all such $f$ on $\Omega $ is commonly denoted $N(\Omega )$ and is sometimes called the *Nevanlinna class* for $\Omega $. The Nevanlinna class includes all the Hardy classes.

Functions of bounded type are not necessarily bounded, nor do they have a property called "type" which is bounded. The reason for the name is probably that when defined on a disc, the Nevanlinna characteristic (a function of distance from the centre of the disc) is bounded.

Clearly, if a function is the ratio of two bounded functions, then it can be expressed as the ratio of two functions which are bounded by 1:

$$f(z)=P(z)/Q(z)$$

The logarithms of $|1/P(z)|$ and of $|1/Q(z)|$ are non-negative in the region, so

$$\begin{aligned}\log |f(z)|&=\log |1/Q(z)|-\log |1/P(z)|\\\&\leq \log |1/Q(z)|\end{aligned}$$

$$\begin{aligned}\log ^{+}|f(z)|&=\max\[0,\log |f(z)|\]\\\&\leq \max(0,\log |1/Q(z)|)\\\&\leq \log |1/Q(z)|\\\&\leq -\Re \left(\log Q(z)\right).\end{aligned}$$

The latter is the real part of an analytic function and is therefore harmonic, showing that $\log ^{+}|f(z)|$ has a harmonic majorant on Ω.

For a given region, sums, differences, and products of functions of bounded type are of bounded type, as is the quotient of two such functions as long as the denominator is not identically zero.

## Examples

Polynomials are of bounded type in any bounded region. They are also of bounded type in the upper half-plane (UHP), because a polynomial $f(z)$ of degree *n* can be expressed as a ratio of two analytic functions bounded in the UHP:

$$f(z)=P(z)/Q(z)$$

with

$$P(z)=f(z)/(z+i)^{n}$$

$$Q(z)=1/(z+i)^{n}.$$

The inverse of a polynomial is also of bounded type in a region, as is any rational function.

The function $\exp(aiz)$ is of bounded type in the UHP if and only if *a* is real. If *a* is positive the function itself is bounded in the UHP (so we can use $Q(z)=1$), and if *a* is negative then the function equals 1/Q(z) with $Q(z)=\exp(|a|iz)$.

Sine and cosine are of bounded type in the UHP. Indeed,

$$\sin(z)=P(z)/Q(z)$$

with

$$P(z)=\sin(z)\exp(iz)$$

$$Q(z)=\exp(iz)$$

both of which are bounded in the UHP.

All of the above examples are of bounded type in the lower half-plane as well, using different *P* and *Q* functions. But the region mentioned in the definition of the term "bounded type" cannot be the whole complex plane unless the function is constant because one must use the same *P* and *Q* over the whole region, and the only entire functions (that is, analytic in the whole complex plane) which are bounded are constants, by Liouville's theorem.

Another example in the upper half-plane is a "Nevanlinna function", that is, an analytic function that maps the UHP to the closed UHP. If *f*(*z*) is of this type, then

$$f(z)=P(z)/Q(z)$$

where *P* and *Q* are the bounded functions:

$$P(z)={\frac {f(z)}{f(z)+i}}$$

$$Q(z)={\frac {1}{f(z)+i}}$$

(This obviously applies as well to $f(z)/i$, that is, a function whose real part is non-negative in the UHP.)

## Properties

For a given region, the sum, product, or quotient of two (non-null) functions of bounded type is also of bounded type. The set of functions of bounded type is an algebra over the complex numbers and is in fact a field.

Any function of bounded type in the upper half-plane (with a finite number of roots in some neighborhood of 0) can be expressed as a Blaschke product (an analytic function, bounded in the region, which factors out the zeros) multiplying the quotient $P(z)/Q(z)$ where $P(z)$ and $Q(z)$ are bounded by 1 ***and*** have no zeros in the UHP. One can then express this quotient as

$$P(z)/Q(z)=\exp(-U(z))/\exp(-V(z))$$

where $U(z)$ and $V(z)$ are analytic functions having non-negative real part in the UHP. Each of these in turn can be expressed by a Poisson representation (see Nevanlinna functions):

$$U(z)=c-ipz-i\int \_{\mathbb {R} }\left({\frac {1}{\lambda -z}-{\frac {\lambda }{1+\lambda ^{2}\right)d\mu (\lambda )}}}$$

$$V(z)=d-iqz-i\int \_{\mathbb {R} }\left({\frac {1}{\lambda -z}-{\frac {\lambda }{1+\lambda ^{2}\right)d\nu (\lambda )}}}$$

where *c* and *d* are imaginary constants, *p* and *q* are non-negative real constants, and μ and ν are non-decreasing functions of a real variable (well behaved so the integrals converge). The difference *q−p* has been given the name "mean type" by Louis de Branges and describes the growth or decay of the function along the imaginary axis:

$$q-p=\limsup \_{y\to \infty }y^{-1}\ln |f(iy)|$$

The mean type in the upper half-plane is the limit of a weighted average of the logarithm of the function's absolute value divided by distance from zero, normalized in such a way that the value for $\exp(-iz)$ is 1:

$$q-p=\lim \_{r\to \infty }(2/\pi )r^{-1}\int \_{0}^{\pi }\ln |f(re^{i\theta })|\sin \theta d\theta $$

If an entire function is of bounded type in both the upper and the lower half-plane then it is of exponential type equal to the higher of the two respective "mean types" (and the higher one will be non-negative). An entire function of order greater than 1 (which means that in some direction it grows faster than a function of exponential type) cannot be of bounded type in any half-plane.

We may thus produce a function of bounded type by using an appropriate exponential of *z* and exponentials of arbitrary Nevanlinna functions multiplied by *i*, for example:

$$f(z)=\exp(iz){\frac {\exp(i{\sqrt {z})}{\exp(-i/{\sqrt {z})}}}}$$

Concerning the examples given above, the mean type of polynomials or their inverses is zero. The mean type of $\exp(aiz)$ in the upper half-plane is −*a*, while in the lower half-plane it is *a*. The mean type of $\sin(z)$ in both half-planes is 1.

Functions of bounded type in the upper half-plane with non-positive mean type and having a continuous, square-integrable extension to the real axis have the interesting property (useful in applications) that the integral (along the real axis)

$$\frac {1}{2\pi i}\int \_{-\infty }^{\infty }{\frac {f(t)dt}{t-z}}$$

equals $f(z)$ if *z* is in the upper half-plane and zero if *z* is in the lower half-plane. This may be termed the Cauchy formula for the upper half-plane.


title: Bourtange moor

abstract: The Bourtanger Moor was a bog in eastern parts in the Dutch provinces of Drenthe and Groningen and the bordering German districts of Bentheim and Emsland. A remaining stretch on the border between Drenthe and the districts Emsland and Betheim is now a nature reserve, the Internationaler Naturpark Bourtanger Moor-Bargerveen.

text:
# Bourtange moor

The **Bourtanger Moor** (Dutch: *Bourtangerveen/Bourtangermoeras*, German: *Bourtanger Moor*, Low Saxon: *Boertanger Moor*) was a bog in eastern parts in the Dutch provinces of Drenthe and Groningen and the bordering German districts of Bentheim and Emsland. A remaining stretch on the border between Drenthe and the districts Emsland and Betheim is now a nature reserve, the Internationaler Naturpark Bourtanger Moor-Bargerveen.

## Shape and size

The Bourtange Swamp had the shape of a V. The western leg covered the valley of the Hunze and ranged towards the city of Groningen. The western part was bordered by the Hondsrug. The eastern leg was located in the valley of the Ems. Between these two legs lays Westerwolde. At its greatest extent the swamp was about 3000 km2.

## History

The swamp arose around 5000 BC. The area was already inhabited before this happened, as shown by archeological finds such as the one at Hoetsmansmeer in Groningen. These finds are attributed to nomads from the Mesolithic. Eventually these people left because of the growing swamp. Near Valthe \- Ter Apel and Nieuw-Dordrecht remnants of roads through the bog were found, dating from the Neolithic to the Iron Age.

From a military point of view the swamp had an important function as a protective barrier, especially between 1580 and 1850. The swamp played an important role during the wars between Groningen and Münster In places with passages through or along the bog, strongholds were built. Bourtange, Oudeschans, Nieuweschans, Valtherschans and Emmerschans are examples of these places.

## Cultivation

Initially cultivation only occurred at the edges of the swamp. The harvested peat was a source of fuel. During the second half of the Middle Ages the monasteries of Aduard and Essen played an important role in cultivating the bog. In the Middle Ages some places at the edges of the bog were drained for growing rye. The drainage caused soil settling and the area became more vulnerable to floodings. Between 1360 and 1500 parts in the northeast were washed away by the Dollart.

In the 16th century large-scale peat harvesting began. The Frisian method, using canals, was introduced. At first most peat harvesting was done at the river Hunze near the city of Groningen. The peat could be transported to the city via this small river. In the 17th century, Westerwolde came under control of the city of Groningen and the peat harvesting became more large-scaled Johan de la Haye and Johan Sems designed a line right through the western 'leg' of the bog, de Semslinie. De Semslinie is a straight line between Wolfsbarge (a village near the Zuidlaardermeer) and Ter Apel. Nowadays it is the border between Drenthe and the Province of Groningen.

The Stadskanaal (*City canal*), which was dug in the 18th century, largely follows the Semslinie. This canal played a significant role in the large-scale peat harvesting. The areas that were cultivated were called *veenkoloniën* (*peat colonies*).

Due to peat harvesting and drainage the remaining swamp became a lot drier. This was bad for the military function of the eastern branch. Therefore, dikes were built near Bourtange to keep water there.

Also colonists from Germany, who grew buckwheat, arrived in the Dutch part of the bog. In order to make the soil suitable to grow buckwheat the peat had to be burned. Because of the inconvenience it brought, it was banned in 1925.

During the 19th century peat as a fuel, got competition from coal and peat harvesting became less profitable. In the second half of the 19th century de another important canal was dug, the Verlengde Hoogeveensche Vaart. This resulted in more peat harvesting in the southern points of the bog. In the 20th century peat was no longer the main product from the bog, but activated charcoal, *turfstrooisel* (a sort of compost) and potting soil became important products. No new canals were dug and products from the bog was being largely transported to factories via narrow gauge railways. From there it was transported by ship, tram engine, train or truck. After the *Amsterdamse Veld* in southeast Drenthe was stripped of its peat, the harvesting of peat and other products from the bog stopped. A remaining part of the bog and surroundings including the Amsterdamse Veld are now part of the Bargerveen Nature Reserve, a Ramsar site. In Germany peat harvesting continued in the 21st century.

## Bog bodies

Several bog bodies were found in the bog, including the Weerdinge Men (found near Weerdinge in Drenthe), Aschbroeken Man, also from Drenthe, Roter Franz (Neu Versen in Emsland) and the Kibbelgaarn body (Kibbelgaarn in Groningen)

* Helmig, Fred; Walter ten Klooster; Hans van Westing (1999). *Van Rottum tot Reest : natuurgebieden in Groningen en Drenthe*. Assen: Staatsbosbeheer, Regio Groningen-Drenthe. ISBN 978-90-901328-3-9.

52°53′45″N 7°15′35″E / 52.89583°N 7.25972°E / 52.89583; 7.25972


title: Ryan Tongia

abstract: Ryan Tongia is a professional rugby league and rugby union footballer. He is currently based out of Hawke's Bay in New Zealand. Tongia is of Papua New Guinean, Chinese and German descent, but was born and raised in Australia. His position is right or left wing, or fullback. He is a Papua New Guinea rugby league international.

text:
# Ryan Tongia

**Ryan Tongia** (born 31 May 1990, in Brisbane) is a professional rugby league and rugby union footballer. He is currently based out of Hawke's Bay in New Zealand. Tongia is of Papua New Guinean, Chinese and German descent, but was born and raised in Australia. His position is right or left wing, or fullback. He is a Papua New Guinea rugby league international.

## Playing career

During his time playing rugby league for the Gold Coast Titans, Tongia did not play first grade but played in the Toyota Cup. He played two matches for Papua New Guinea in the 2010 Rugby League Four Nations. Tongia also played for the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats in 2011.

### 2014–16

Being unsuccessful on securing an NRL contract, Tongia made the decision to switch to rugby union in late 2013. He took part in the Noosa International Sevens tournament at the end of 2013, impressing enough people to be invited to the Australian sevens training camp. He then moved to New Zealand, in July 2014, it was announced that Tongia had signed a one-season contract with Hawke's Bay for 2014 after impressing at club rugby level. He became a key member and a star performer in their ITM Cup campaign, winning the Ranfurly Shield and making the Championship final. He also was the competition's leading overall top try-scorer, scoring 10 tries. It saw Tongia achieve a Super Rugby contract, after signing with Dunedin-based franchise the Highlanders for two years as a member of their wider training group.

Tongia was cited for foul play during a trial match for the Highlanders prior to the 2015 Super Rugby season. He was alleged for dangerous tackling when he tackled Robbie Coleman in the air against the Brumbies in January. The referee for the match, Matt O'Brien, issued a red card for the incident which occurred in the 59th minute. Tongia was cleared of foul play, the red card was later removed from his record and would face no further punishment after it was revealed it was an incorrect call. He made his Super Rugby debut in the wing position against the Cheetahs. He scored twice within 18 minutes of kick-off after a 45–24 victory.

### 2017–19

After a brief stint for the Agen club in France to play Pro14 rugby, Tongia joined Southland.

### 2021

On 23 October 2021, Tongia debuted for Waikato in the National Provincial Championship at fullback in their unsuccessful Ranfurly Shield challenge against Hawke's Bay at McLean Park, Napier.

## InfoBox

Ryan Tongia
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | Ryan Phillip Tongia
(1990-05-31) 31 May 1990
Brisbane, Queensland, Australia |
| Height | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |
| Weight | 86 kg (13 st 8 lb; 190 lb) |
| Playing information | |
| Position | Fullback, Wing |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  2011 Wakefield Trinity 4    8  Representative  Years Team Pld T G FG P  2010 PNG Prime Minister's XIII 1    6  2010 Papua New Guinea 2    4 | |
|  | |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Wing, Fullback, Center  **Current team** Waikato  Senior career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2014–2016 Hawke's Bay  31  (95)  2015–2016 Highlanders  4  (20)  2016−2017 Bayonne  6  (0)  2017 Agen  6  (0)  2017 Southland  9  (3)  2021 Waikato  4  (5)  Correct as of 20 November 2021 | |
|  | |