abstract: The Marine and General Mutual Life Assurance Society was a British insurance company that was established in 1852. The company was dissolved on 10 July 2018, following the transfer of business to Scottish Friendly on 1 June 2015. The society was Great Britain's longest-registered company and held the company registration number 00000006.

text:
# The Marine and General Mutual Life Assurance Society

**The Marine and General Mutual Life Assurance Society** (traded as **MGM Assurance**) was a British insurance company that was established in 1852. The company was dissolved on 10 July 2018, following the transfer of business to Scottish Friendly on 1 June 2015. The society was Great Britain's longest-registered company and held the company registration number 00000006.

## History

### Origins

When the society was started, seamen of the day were charged more for life assurance if they were teetotal, as water was considered by insurance companies of the 1830s and 1840s to be a dangerous element – both for its sanitary condition and volatile nature. This prompted the creation of the *United Kingdom Temperance and General Provident Association* in 1841 – which went on to champion longevity due to abstinence of alcohol on a seafaring voyage and a consequential reduction in premiums. The brain-child of the teetotal Robert Warner, this initial foray into the assurance market grew into *The Marine Life and Casualty Mutual Assurance Society* which moved to "extend the benefits of Life Assurance to all (whether Mariners or Passengers) who have to undergo the perils of the ocean".

#### First formal meeting and deed of settlement

The first formal meeting of the group was held at the offices of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company in Leadenhall Street. on 20 January 1852 with the following gentlemen present:

* William Andrew Salius Fane de Salis, Director of the P&O
* John Utley Ellis, Director of the Screw Steam Shipping Company
* Captain Lawrence
* Captain George Denny of the Honourable East India Company's Service
* James Allan, Managing Director P&O
* Patrick Douglas Hadow, Director P&O

There were three others in attendance and it was largely due to their medical, actuarial and legal advice the Foundations of the Marine and General were based:

* Dr Beattie
* M. Ansell
* Mr Radcliffe

Based on this initial formal meeting, the deed of settlement was signed on 25 June 1852 but the complete registration of this document on 5 July 1852 is considered the official birthday of the society. With the deed of settlement all were still involved (with the exception of Captain Lawrence of which very little is known) but with some notable additions, all with the possible exception of Nathaniel Acworth of the Madras Railway Company, were leading British ship-owners of the day:

The make-up of this board shows that the initial challenge set by Robert Warner was being taken forward by the influential maritime men of the day.

### The first general meeting

The first general meeting was held at the London Tavern and the second in the house of J. Hartley and Son, at 137 Leadenhall Street – the latter being the first address to be officially recorded as 'the offices of the Society'.

The first prospectus was published in the *Shipping Gazette* and aroused widespread interest *"offering advantages to the seafaring portion of the community, which no office has yet attempted."* The reaction was favourable and many shipping companies showed interest – P&O at once declared their intention to establish a superannuation scheme with the society. The Royal Mail Steam Packet Company having initially declined the proposal, were soon to change their minds. Even with such interest the Marine and General directors were convinced that they could offer still lower rates for marine life risks than those they had originally announced. A closer study of the limited marine mortality data was undertaken as well as a review of the current practice of other Life Offices. In terms of the mortality data they concluded that mortality among seafarers was approximately 50 per cent higher than among comparably select 'ordinary' lives. In terms of the practice of other life offices, the Marine and General directors found ample evidence that backed up the original claim that marine life assurance had been previously neglected.

The Royal Exchange, for example, had no such risks on their books, but were they to accept any they would require an extra premium of £2 per cent (1852) for European sea risk and considerably more for the Cape, Australia and the West Indies. The London Assurance Corporation had accepted only one such risk – the captain of a coasting steamer – and had charged 15s. per cent extra.

### Sea risk scale

With this data in mind the final decision was the following scale:

* £2 for the West Indies
* £1 15s for the East Indies
* £1 10s for Australia
* £1 5s for North America
* £1 for the Cape
* 15s for the Mediterranean.

Assurances were offered for the voyage, by the year or for the whole life term and could be affected by a single or an annual payment. New tables were compiled and transmitted to the shipping companies and in the second half of 1852; £3,000 was received in premiums. By the end of the first complete year in the life of the Society, the fund had increased to £11,000 and the names of more than a thousand seamen were on the books.

### The formative years

In all, during the first hundred years, the Society only had ten chairmen – three of which had outstandingly long tenures.

On the day Mr Radcliffe reported the complete registration of the deed of settlement, Mr J. U. Ellis (also director of the Screw Steam Shipping Company) became the Society's first Chairman. Ill health cut short his tenure and was succeeded by Mr P. D. Hadow, who was also a director of the P&O.

Both the chairman and board were conscious of the fact that there was a limit to the amount of Marine life business that could be obtained. Knowing that an assurance fund must increase or perish, the decision was taken to extend the business remit by introducing elements such as passenger life assurance and baggage insurance. The main focus was the extension of the society's operations into the field of 'general' (as opposed to 'marine') life assurance. In 1862, in order to remove any possible misapprehension that the society was solely concerned with life risks, the name 'Marine Life and Casualty Mutual Assurance Society' was abandoned and the present full name of the society adopted.

The change of name was followed by a change of address from 137 Leadenhall Street via 60 Fenchurch Street (now the Fenchurch Street Post Office) to 14 Leadenhall Street – the home of the Society for the next sixty years.

By the time of Mr Hadow's death in 1876, in the twenty-three years of Mr Hadow's chairmanship the assurance fund grew from £3000 to £300,000.

Mr Hadlow's successor, the Rt. Hon. Hugh Childers, was not only the Chairman of the Royal Mail, but a public figure at the height of his political career and became War Secretary in 1880. Only when he became Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1882 did he relinquish his Chairmanship of the Society. Following Childers the next figure of note and of perhaps most significance was that of Sir Thomas Sutherland – elected in 1887.

Sutherland – again of the P&O – who had joined the board of the Marine and General in 1878 was the ‘man of destiny’ for whom The Society had been waiting. Of his Chairmanship of the P&O, Boyd Cable has written:

> *"By brilliant leadership he brought the Company through one severe and even desperate difficulty after another."*

If there were no such dramatic incidents in the story of the Marine and General, that does not imply that his leadership of the Society was any less brilliant than his leadership of the company. The date of Sutherland's election coincided with the creation of district agencies in the large commercial centres such as Liverpool, Manchester and Leeds. To provide a bridgehead into this new territory, the Directors negotiated the only amalgamation in which the Society has ever participated by taking over the business of the Briton Life Association. For a goodwill payment of £2,500 the Society acquired £12,000 a year in new premiums.

For Sutherland himself these twenty-five years were the culmination of an adventurous and colourful career. At the age of twenty the P&O had sent him out to China. Even though during this time there was almost constant war in this region, Sutherland still found time to organise The HongKong and Shanghai Banking Corporation and to take a daring hand in the reopening of Japan to world trade after its two centuries of self-imposed isolation. Recalled to London in 1866 he was made Assistant General Manager of the P&O two years later and joint Managing Director by the time he was thirty-eight. He proved his administrative genius by his work in preparing the company to meet the flood of competition that followed the opening of the Suez Canal. In 1880 he was elected Chairman of the P&O, and for the twenty-five of the thirty-four years of office he was also the Chairman of the Marine and General. In 1888 the number of its agents was increased by 460 to a total of 1,160 and by 1893 the premium income had been doubled.

*‘We are certainly in a very sound position,’* said Childers at the annual meeting, *‘and to who we owe that, you all know.’*

In 1896, proposing a vote of thanks of the Chairman, a policy holder of forty years' standing said that his £500 policy, on which he had paid premiums amounting to around £350, was now worth nearly £1,000. There was every justification for Sutherland's claim that with respect to bonuses, *"this Society may challenge comparison with any insurance office in the City of London."*

By the turn of the century the revenue that had been ‘stagnant for twenty years’ at around about £40,000 had increased to nearly £150,000 and the Assurance Fund to nearly £1 million. ‘We have entered,’ said Sutherland, ’the field of competition for general life business.’ Under the last twelve years of his stewardship the Society continued to improve and consolidate. Revenue rose whilst the cost of obtaining new business was progressively cut. The number of policies sharing in the Quinquennial bonus distribution grew from 3,929 to 14,416 in 1914. A year after Sir Thomas resigned in 1912; the Assurance Fund had reached £2 million.

### The First World War

If the imminence of the First World War was unforeseen, and its duration underestimated, its impact on Marine and General was also less than disastrous than at first seemed likely.

Although it was decided not to accept any new war risks, no one who was already a member was charged any additional premium on joining the armed forces or the transport services.

In all 191 members lost their lives on active service – 65 at sea and 126 on land – and these policies cost the society £86,000 against £4,900 received in extra premiums.

New business of course fell sharply; it was down by £40,000 in 1914 and by nearly £100,000 in 1916. Financially, however, by far the most serious effect of the war was on the Society's invested funds. By the end of the war the total depreciation of the Society's investments was more than £350,000.

In 1920, the board once again elected a Royal Mail chairman, Mr Arthur Nevile Lubbock, under whose guidance the society was to make steady progress until the outbreak of the Second World War – even taking into account the slump of the 1920s. By 1935 the society was again doing more business than at any time since the boom years of 1919 and 1920 and by 1938 all records for new business were broken and the Assurance Fund approached the £4 million mark for the first time.

### The Second World War

For the Marine and General, as a business organisation, the Second World War brought many problems but few dramatic incidents. Again, as in 1914, the society decided to leave untouched the policies of all existing members. But for new entrants, premiums to cover war risks were deliberately made prohibitive. The rapid rise of the assurance fund was brought to a standstill in September 1939 as new business dried up to a trickle – at the quinquennial valuation completed in 1939 it stood at £3,722,067 – five years later it had only increased to £3,877,922). Headquarters lost one-third of its male staff to the fighting forces in 1939, and more than half by the end of 1940. The nationwide sales network also disintegrated as agents were called up for national service. The Society, like all other Life Offices, took a deep breath and went into a state of suspended animation.

Unlike many City-based concerns, Marine and General did not desert its London home – though its most important documents were duplicated and certain activities transferred to temporary offices at Sevenoaks and Ifield. Under the chairmanship of the Hon. R. D. Denman, the directors met fortnightly throughout the war at 48 Fenchurch Street. The basement was made as bomb-proof as possible and there was no loss of lives or documents through enemy action. Fire-watching precautions were rewarded in May 1941, when London had its second big incendiary raid, when all the nearby buildings were gutted; No 48 was left standing in defiant isolation.

#### Chart of financial growth 1860 - 1950

| Year | New Sums Assured | Annual Premium Income | Assurance Fund |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | £ | £ | £ |
| 1860 | - | 29,986 | 79,524 |
| 1870 | - | 31,667 | 237,270 |
| 1880 | - | 29,090 | 375,374 |
| 1890 | 200,285 | 59,524 | 595,376 |
| 1900 | 235,082 | 102,247 | 1,030,512 |
| 1910 | 336,245 | 145,494 | 1,766,166 |
| 1920 | 492,673 | 207,638 | 2,263,987 |
| 1930 | 358,871 | 230,114 | 3,485,917 |
| 1940 | 138,366 | 224,585 | 3,646,243 |
| 1950 | 1,175,207 | 493,689 | 4,422,464 |

### 1950s onwards

The primary business of MGM Assurance continued to be life assurance, pensions and investments, through to 2008. In 1974 the company moved its headquarters from London to Worthing, West Sussex, on the site of what used to be the municipal swimming baths and home of the Worthing water polo team. In 2008 the company repositioned its business under the new trading name of MGM Advantage, and focused on retirement income products including investment backed and enhanced annuities. MGM Advantage was a founding member of the Pension Income Choice Association, an industry body created to improve retirement income options for customers.

### Transfer to Scottish Friendly

In November 2013 TDR Capital LLP, acquired the new business capability of Marine and General Mutual Life Assurance Society, including the MGM Advantage trademark with a new group structure formed, under MGM Advantage Holdings Limited. The transaction also involved the new group (which now trades as Retirement Advantage) buying the society's existing book of enhanced annuities and providing administration services to the society for its other business. The society closed to new business in November 2013 and the board and remaining management immediately started to pursue a strategy of finding the best "safe haven" for the remaining business. This process culminated in the transfer of the society's entire remaining business to Scottish Friendly Assurance Society in June 2015.

## Bibliography

* Humpherson, L. H. (1952). *The First Hundred Years of the Marine and General Mutual Life Assurance Society*.

## InfoBox

The Marine and General Mutual Life Assurance Society
| Company type | Mutual |
| --- | --- |
| Traded as | MGM Assurance |
| Industry | Financial Services |
| Founded | 1852 (1852) |
| Founder | William Fane de Salis, John Utley Ellis, Captain Lawrence, Captain George Denny, James Allan, Patrick Douglas Hadow, Dr Beattie, M Ansell, Mr Radcliffe |
| Defunct | July 10, 2018 (2018-07-10) |
| Headquarters | Worthing, United Kingdom |
| Key people | David Gulland – CEO/Laurie Edmans – Chair and Non-Executive Director |
| Products | Annuities, Life and Pensions |
| Number of employees | 250 (2015) |
| Website | www.marineandgeneralmutual.co.uk |


title: Dendrogaster antarctica

abstract: Dendrogaster antarctica is an endoparasitic ascothoracid barnacle of Dendrogastridae that parasitizes on the common Antarctica cushion star, Odontaster validus. It has been found in several sites in Antarctica and was originally discovered by Mark J. Grygier in 1980. He then released an article in 1987 explaining the characteristics of a female member of the species. It was confirmed as an official species in 2003. It has extremely small sperm. Their heads are 6–7 μm, long, The midpiece is as long as the head, and tapers to a flagellum 45–50 μm long. This sperm is the most primitive yet found in crustacea.

text:
# Dendrogaster antarctica

***Dendrogaster antarctica*** is an endoparasitic ascothoracid barnacle of Dendrogastridae that parasitizes on the common Antarctica cushion star, *Odontaster validus*. It has been found in several sites in Antarctica and was originally discovered by Mark J. Grygier in 1980. He then released an article in 1987 explaining the characteristics of a female member of the species. It was confirmed as an official species in 2003.

It has extremely small sperm. Their heads are 6–7 μm, long, The midpiece is as long as the head, and tapers to a flagellum 45–50 μm long. This sperm is the most primitive yet found in crustacea.

## InfoBox

| *Dendrogaster antarctica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Thecostraca |
| Order: | Dendrogastrida |
| Family: | Dendrogastridae |
| Genus: | *Dendrogaster* |
| Species: | ***D. antarctica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dendrogaster antarctica***<br>Grygier (1980) | |
|


title: Scrubs season 3

abstract: The third season of the American comedy television series Scrubs premiered on NBC on October 2, 2003, and concluded on May 4, 2004, and consists of 22 episodes. This season features many fantasies, as well as features many well-known actors in guest roles such as Scott Foley, Michael J. Fox, Bellamy Young, Brendan Fraser, and Tara Reid. It is J.D., Elliot, and Turk's third year at Sacred Heart and second year as residents. As the season opens, Elliot decides to change her image, with some help from the Janitor. J.D.'s undeniable crush on Elliot emerges again, but J.D. instead begins a relationship with Jordan's sister Danni, who is also dealing with feelings for her ex. Turk and Carla are engaged and planning their wedding. Turk, along with the Todd and the other surgical residents, deal with the new attending surgeon, Dr. Grace Miller, who dislikes Turk and considers him sexist. Dr. Cox and Jordan are doing well with their relationship and their son Jack, although Dr. Cox develops a schoolboy crush on Dr. Miller. He also struggles with the death of his best friend. Elliot gets into a serious relationship with Sean Kelly and tries to work out their long-distance relationship while he is in New Zealand for six months.

text:
# Scrubs season 3

The third season of the American comedy television series *Scrubs* premiered on NBC on October 2, 2003, and concluded on May 4, 2004, and consists of 22 episodes. This season features many fantasies, as well as features many well-known actors in guest roles such as Scott Foley, Michael J. Fox, Bellamy Young, Brendan Fraser, and Tara Reid.

It is J.D., Elliot, and Turk's third year at Sacred Heart and second year as residents. As the season opens, Elliot decides to change her image, with some help from the Janitor. J.D.'s undeniable crush on Elliot emerges again, but J.D. instead begins a relationship with Jordan's sister Danni (Tara Reid), who is also dealing with feelings for her ex. Turk and Carla are engaged and planning their wedding. Turk, along with the Todd and the other surgical residents, deal with the new attending surgeon, Dr. Grace Miller (Bellamy Young), who dislikes Turk and considers him sexist. Dr. Cox and Jordan are doing well with their relationship and their son Jack, although Dr. Cox develops a schoolboy crush on Dr. Miller. He also struggles with the death of his best friend. Elliot gets into a serious relationship with Sean Kelly (Scott Foley) and tries to work out their long-distance relationship while he is in New Zealand for six months.

## Cast and characters

### Main cast

## Production

Rich Eustis was hired as a consultant for this season. In addition, Justin Spitzer wrote a spec script that was made into an episode.

## Episodes

"My Dirty Secret" was originally scheduled to be broadcast on October 16, 2003. However, the entire NBC lineup was pulled due to the Major League Baseball 2003 American League Championship Series on Fox going to a 7th game. The other NBC shows from that night (*Friends*, *ER*, and *Will & Grace*) all shifted their scheduled episodes to the following week. For reasons unknown, this episode was not shifted to the following week, and was broadcast out of order (with some small edits in an attempt to hide the inconsistencies, such as Sean being present, and J.D. being single). This episode was broadcast in its original form and original order in some international markets. Syndication also uses the original version.

*Scrubs* season 3 episodes
| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | Prod.
code | U.S. viewers
(millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 47 | 1 | "My Own American Girl" | Bill Lawrence | Bill Lawrence | October 2, 2003 (2003-10-02) | 301 | 17.15 |
| J.D., Turk, and Carla work together to diagnose one of J.D.'s patients. Elliot, frustrated that everyone walks all over her and desperately needing to change her bad luck streak, acts on some advice from the Janitor and gets a makeover. | | | | | | | |
| 48 | 2 | "My Journey" | Michael Spiller | Tim Hobert | October 9, 2003 (2003-10-09) | 302 | 15.03 |
| Turk and Carla set the date for their wedding. J.D. is worried about losing his close friendship with Turk and asks him out on a "man date." Elliot gets back together with her ex-boyfriend Sean, but the relationship has a rocky start. Carla obsesses over whose urine is in an unmarked container left at the nurses' station. | | | | | | | |
| 49 | 3 | "My White Whale" | Michael Spiller | Eric Weinberg | October 23, 2003 (2003-10-23) | 304 | 14.08 |
| Jordan and Dr. Cox worry about Jack's slight cough and try to get him seen by the hospital's own pediatrician, Dr. Dave Norris (Christopher Meloni), who is as obnoxious as Dr. Cox. The residents get their own interns and the inevitable problems that come with them: Turk is too heavy-handed, J.D. fails to assert his authority, and Elliot continues to deal with her own insecurities. J.D. reluctantly accepts help from Sean. | | | | | | | |
| 50 | 4 | "My Lucky Night" | John Inwood | Neil Goldman & Garrett Donovan | October 30, 2003 (2003-10-30) | 305 | 11.94 |
| J.D. distracts the Janitor and Troy the Cafeteria Guy with a riddle. Dr. Cox and Dr. Jeffrey Steadman (Matt Winston) compete for the residency director position. Carla gets to work with Turk when she covers for one of the surgical nurses; Turk is annoyed at first but then appreciative when Dr. Wen (Charles Chun) says it was as though he had a lucky charm in the room with him. Sean and Elliot's relationship hits rocky ground; J.D. seizes the opportunity to admit his hidden feelings for her. | | | | | | | |
| 51 | 5 | "My Brother, Where Art Thou?" | Marc Buckland | Mike Schwartz | November 6, 2003 (2003-11-06) | 306 | 11.33 |
| J.D's brother Dan (Tom Cavanagh) visits again and blames Dr. Cox for making J.D. cynical. After warning hospital staff against taking other jobs, Dr. Kelso catches Elliot and Carla moonlighting at an animal hospital. | | | | | | | |
| 52 | 6 | "My Advice to You" | Gail Mancuso | Debra Fordham | November 13, 2003 (2003-11-13) | 307 | 12.64 |
| Carla's brother Marco (Freddy Rodriguez) visits and does his best to aggravate Turk. Dr. Cox and Dr. Kelso differ in their opinions over patient care, and Dr. Cox is surprised to find that J.D. is taking Dr. Kelso's advice. J.D. is interested in Danni (Tara Reid), a girl who seems sweet, if a little wacky (she has an active inner monologue and speaks random thoughts aloud). But his delight is quashed when he discovers she is Jordan's sister. | | | | | | | |
| 53 | 7 | "My Fifteen Seconds" | Ken Whittingham | Mark Stegemann | November 20, 2003 (2003-11-20) | 308 | 12.83 |
| J.D. and Danni hook up, prompting Dr. Cox to reveal to Danni that J.D. slept with Jordan. Meanwhile, Dr. Cox and J.D. deal with an extremely annoying patient, Jill Tracy (Nicole Sullivan), and almost miss something extremely important because they spend so little time with their patients. Dr. Kelso goes temporarily deaf after using cheap stethoscopes, and Carla's medical advice to Elliot provokes tension between them. Features a cameo appearance by Erik Estrada. | | | | | | | |
| 54 | 8 | "My Friend the Doctor" | Ken Whittingham | Gabrielle Allan | December 4, 2003 (2003-12-04) | 309 | 12.18 |
| When Dr. Cox hurts his back showing off in front of Turk, he begins to realize he is not as young as he used to be. J.D. is not impressed with the false personalities the Janitor uses on the rest of the staff, until he recognizes him playing a transit policeman in *The Fugitive* (in which Neil Flynn did appear) and concludes that the Janitor is an actor. | | | | | | | |
| 55 | 9 | "My Dirty Secret" | Chris Koch | Matt Tarses | December 11, 2003 (2003-12-11) | 303 | 11.09 |
| After accidentally giving a patient an orgasm during a pelvic examination, Elliot admits she has a problem with the clinical terms for genitalia. Carla attempts to help Elliot get over her fear of "dirty words," but realizes she may be too assertive for her own good. Dr. Cox is moved by the relationship between a prostate cancer patient, Mr. Randolph (Barry Bostwick), and his wife. J.D gives advice to Dr. Cox about his relationship with Jordan and his son, but when it does not pan out, he is subject to Dr. Cox's revenge. | | | | | | | |
| 56 | 10 | "My Rule of Thumb" | Craig Zisk | Janae Bakken | January 22, 2004 (2004-01-22) | 310 | 11.41 |
| Elliot and Carla get arrested looking for a gigolo for a terminally ill patient who wants to lose her virginity before she dies. Danni is uncomfortable after walking in on Jordan and Dr. Cox having sex and asks J.D. if she can stay at his place. J.D. starts having second thoughts almost immediately after initially agreeing. Dr. Cox and Turk clash over a friend of Dr. Cox's who needs a liver transplant, and Turk wins. Ted has sex with the terminally ill patient. | | | | | | | |
| 57 | 11 | "My Clean Break" | Chris Koch | Angela Nissel | February 3, 2004 (2004-02-03) | 311 | 9.23 |
| Nervous about Danni's plans to move in with him, J.D. decides he needs to break up with her — only he has never actually dumped anyone before. The Janitor starts flirting with Elliot again. Dr. Cox realizes that he is no longer frightening to his residents, and therefore may have lost control over them. | | | | | | | |
| 58 | 12 | "My Catalyst" | Michael Spiller | Bill Lawrence | February 10, 2004 (2004-02-10) | 316 | 11.04 |
| Dr. Kevin Casey (Michael J. Fox), a skilled surgeon who has a long history with Dr. Cox and who suffers from crippling Obsessive–compulsive disorder, imparts wisdom to everyone at Sacred Heart. Meanwhile, Ted once again contemplates suicide. | | | | | | | |
| 59 | 13 | "My Porcelain God" | Adam Bernstein | Tim Hobert & Eric Weinberg | February 17, 2004 (2004-02-17) | 317 | 8.15 |
| Dr. Casey (Michael J. Fox) and J.D discover the toilet the Janitor installed on the roof, which earns the name "epiphany toilet" after every Sacred Heart staff member finds a solution to a problem or a revelation after using it. Dr. Kelso closes down an entire wing of the hospital to save money; Dr. Cox and Carla fight back by using his own office as a patient room. Turk asks J.D. to be his best man, but J.D. is hurt to discover that he was not Turk's first choice. Noticing how helpful Dr. Casey has been to her fellow staff, Elliot seeks advice from him on intubation after she botches the procedure. | | | | | | | |
| 60 | 14 | "My Screw Up" | Chris Koch | Neil Goldman & Garrett Donovan | February 24, 2004 (2004-02-24) | 315 | 8.21 |
| Jordan's siblings, Danni (Tara Reid) and Ben (Brendan Fraser), visit to celebrate Jack's first birthday. Carla tells Turk she will only take his last name if he has his mole removed. Dr. Cox is dismayed to learn that Ben has not been to a doctor for a follow up since his remission. J.D. is swamped and worried about patient Mr. Taylor, who has an irregular heartbeat. When J.D.'s patient goes into cardiac arrest and dies, Dr. Cox angrily blames him and excuses him from his duties.
This episode received an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series. | | | | | | | |
| 61 | 15 | "My Tormented Mentor" | Craig Zisk | Gabrielle Allan | March 2, 2004 (2004-03-02) | 314 | 8.19 |
| Dr. Cox is struggling to recover from Ben's death and refuses J.D.'s efforts to comfort him; meanwhile, Jordan's self-absorbed friends, Maddie (Embeth Davidtz) and Allison (Julie Warner) are staying with Jordan to comfort her. Carla scolds the Todd, Dr. Kelso and Dr. Cox about sexual harassment, and the new female attending surgeon, Dr. Grace Miller (Bellamy Young), brings up the issue of sexism in the surgical wing. | | | | | | | |
| 62 | 16 | "My Butterfly" | Henry Chan | Justin Spitzer | March 16, 2004 (2004-03-16) | 312 | 6.60 |
| This episode explores a number of interrelated events, which illustrate the relationships among the Sacred Heart staff. The title comes from a single butterfly interacting with numerous objects and people, in a reference to the philosophical concept of the butterfly effect. | | | | | | | |
| 63 | 17 | "My Moment of Un-Truth" | Gail Mancuso | Rich Eustis | March 30, 2004 (2004-03-30) | 313 | 9.21 |
| Carla has dinner with a former crush and asks J.D. not to tell Turk. Elliot deals with a patient, Mr. Thompson (Alexander Chaplin), who is adamant about not taking drugs; to her surprise, Dr. Cox insists he is a drug addict who will eventually weasel drugs out of her. The Janitor attempts to trick J.D. and Turk into believing he has a twin brother. | | | | | | | |
| 64 | 18 | "His Story II" | Jason Ensler | Mark Stegemann | April 6, 2004 (2004-04-06) | 318 | 8.02 |
| This episode is narrated from Turk's, rather than J.D.'s, viewpoint. Turk delays mailing out the wedding invitations, as it is the point of no return for getting married. During surgery, Turk makes a mistake that causes irreparable nerve damage to a young concert pianist, to whom he cannot admit his mistake. J.D. covers Elliot's stint as a hospital clown; the Janitor becomes his sidekick. Elliot realizes just how good a friend J.D. has been to her and sleeps with him just before Sean comes back into town. | | | | | | | |
| 65 | 19 | "My Choosiest Choice of All" | Adam Bernstein | Mike Schwartz | April 20, 2004 (2004-04-20) | 319 | 8.01 |
| In an attempt to make Elliot jealous and angry, J.D. gets back together with Danni, who is a different person now that she has stopped acting the person she thought J.D. wanted her to be. Dr. Cox realizes he has a crush on Dr. Miller, and Jordan picks up on it immediately. Turk and Carla encourage the Janitor to accept his promotion to security guard, but he finds he dislikes having to play by Dr. Kelso's rules. After Sean confronts J.D. and asks him if anything happened between him and Elliot, J.D. must choose to either tell him the truth, or keep it a secret. | | | | | | | |
| 66 | 20 | "My Fault" | Richard Alexander Wells | Debra Fordham | April 22, 2004 (2004-04-22) | 320 | 13.56 |
| J.D. and Danni break up, as neither one really cared about the other; Sean and Elliot plan to move in together. Carla is anxious about the last-minute details for her wedding, now just a few weeks away. Dr. Cox bets Dr. Kelso that no healthy patients will sign up for the full body CAT scans, not expecting Mr. Corman the hypochondriac (Richard Kind) to return. J.D. finally admits his feelings to Elliot, causing her to break up with Sean, only to realize his feelings were based on his coveting what he did not have. | | | | | | | |
| 67 | 21 | "My Self-Examination" | Randall Winston | Janae Bakken | April 27, 2004 (2004-04-27) | 321 | 9.21 |
| Marco arrives for the wedding rehearsal and offers Turk advice in writing his own wedding vows, as Carla wanted. After asking Danni and her new partner for advice, J.D. resigns himself to a relationship with Elliot, even if he does not love her. Jordan insists that she and Dr. Cox stop fighting; frustrated and needing to fight with someone, he antagonizes the Janitor, much to his detriment. At the rehearsal, moved by Turk's improvised vows, J.D. finally admits to Elliot that he does not love her. Features a cameo appearance by Larry Thomas (the Soup Nazi from *Seinfeld*). | | | | | | | |
| 68 | 22 | "My Best Friend's Wedding" | Bill Lawrence | Tim Hobert & Eric Weinberg | May 4, 2004 (2004-05-04) | 322 | 11.11 |
| On the day of Turk and Carla's wedding, Turk is delayed in surgery; he is so late for the wedding that the ceremony is canceled, but the reception is held regardless. Danni gets drunk and wreaks havoc. Guilty for having broken Elliot's heart, J.D. finds Sean and tries to convince him to take Elliot back, but to no avail. Before leaving for their honeymoon, Turk and Carla return to the hospital to check on a patient, who happens to be a priest, and ask him to marry them. Features a cameo appearance by George Takei. | | | | | | | |

### Notes

* denotes a "supersized" episode, running an extended length of 25–28 minutes.

General references

## InfoBox

| *Scrubs* | |
| --- | --- |
| Season 3 | |
| DVD cover | |
| No. of episodes | 22 |
| Release | |
| Original network | NBC |
| Original release | October 2, 2003 (2003-10-02)
May 4, 2004 (2004-05-04) |
| Season chronology | |
|


title: Joseph A. Paradiso

abstract: Joseph Paradiso is the Alexander W. Dreyfoos (1954) Professor at MIT's Program in Media Arts and Sciences. He directs the MIT Media Lab's Responsive Environments Group, which explores how sensor networks augment and mediate human experience, interaction and perception. He received a B.S. in electrical engineering and physics summa cum laude from Tufts University, and a Ph.D. in physics from MIT with Prof. Ulrich Becker in the Nobel Prize-winning group headed by Prof. Samuel C.C. Ting at the MIT Laboratory for Nuclear Science. Paradiso's research focuses include ubiquitous computing, embedded systems, sensor networks, wearable and body area networks, energy harvesting and power management for embedded sensors, and interactive media. He also designed and built one of the world's largest modular synthesizers, and has designed MIDI systems for the musicians Pat Metheny and Lyle Mays. The synthesizer currently streams live-generated audio over the internet.

text:
# Joseph A. Paradiso

**Joseph Paradiso** is the Alexander W. Dreyfoos (1954) Professor at MIT's Program in Media Arts and Sciences. He directs the MIT Media Lab's Responsive Environments Group, which explores how sensor networks augment and mediate human experience, interaction and perception. He received a B.S. in electrical engineering and physics summa cum laude from Tufts University, and a Ph.D. in physics from MIT with Prof. Ulrich Becker in the Nobel Prize-winning group headed by Prof. Samuel C.C. Ting at the MIT Laboratory for Nuclear Science.

Paradiso's research focuses include ubiquitous computing, embedded systems, sensor networks, wearable and body area networks, energy harvesting and power management for embedded sensors, and interactive media.

He also designed and built one of the world's largest modular synthesizers, and has designed MIDI systems for the musicians Pat Metheny and Lyle Mays. The synthesizer currently streams live-generated audio over the internet.

## InfoBox

| Joseph Paradiso | |
| --- | --- |
| Citizenship | United States |
| Spouse | Krishna Simonetti |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Media Arts and Sciences |
| Institutions | MIT Media Lab |
| Doctoral advisor | Prof. Ulrich Becker |
|  | |


abstract: The 2018–19 Tennessee Lady Volunteers basketball team represented the University of Tennessee in the 2018–19 college basketball season. The Lady Vols, led by seventh-year head coach Holly Warlick, played their games at Thompson–Boling Arena and are members of the Southeastern Conference. The Lady Vols finished the season 19–13, 7–9 for a seventh-place tie in SEC play. They lost in the quarterfinals of the SEC tournament to Mississippi State. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament where they lost to UCLA in the first round. At the completion of the season, Warlick was fired as head coach. Missouri State's Kellie Harper, who was a point guard during Tennessee's 3-peat from 1996 to 1998, was hired as her replacement on April 8.

text:
# 2018–19 Tennessee Lady Volunteers basketball team

2018–19 SEC women's basketball standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | PCT |  |  | W |  | L |  | PCT |
| No. 4 Mississippi State | 15 |  | 1 |  | .938 |  |  | 33 |  | 3 |  | .917 |
| No. 15 South Carolina | 13 |  | 3 |  | .813 |  |  | 23 |  | 9 |  | .719 |
| No. 14 Texas A&M | 12 |  | 4 |  | .750 |  |  | 26 |  | 7 |  | .788 |
| No. 17 Kentucky | 11 |  | 5 |  | .688 |  |  | 25 |  | 8 |  | .758 |
| Missouri | 10 |  | 6 |  | .625 |  |  | 24 |  | 11 |  | .686 |
| Auburn | 9 |  | 7 |  | .563 |  |  | 22 |  | 10 |  | .688 |
| Georgia | 9 |  | 7 |  | .563 |  |  | 18 |  | 12 |  | .600 |
| Tennessee | 7 |  | 9 |  | .438 |  |  | 19 |  | 13 |  | .594 |
| LSU | 7 |  | 9 |  | .438 |  |  | 16 |  | 13 |  | .552 |
| Arkansas | 6 |  | 10 |  | .375 |  |  | 22 |  | 15 |  | .595 |
| Alabama | 5 |  | 11 |  | .313 |  |  | 14 |  | 17 |  | .452 |
| Ole Miss | 3 |  | 13 |  | .188 |  |  | 9 |  | 22 |  | .290 |
| Florida | 3 |  | 13 |  | .188 |  |  | 8 |  | 23 |  | .258 |
| Vanderbilt | 2 |  | 14 |  | .125 |  |  | 7 |  | 23 |  | .233 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2019 SEC tournament winner
Rankings from AP poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **2018–19 Tennessee Lady Volunteers basketball team** represented the University of Tennessee in the 2018–19 college basketball season. The Lady Vols, led by seventh-year head coach Holly Warlick, played their games at Thompson–Boling Arena and are members of the Southeastern Conference.

The Lady Vols finished the season 19–13, 7–9 for a seventh-place tie in SEC play. They lost in the quarterfinals of the SEC tournament to Mississippi State. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament where they lost to UCLA in the first round. At the completion of the season, Warlick was fired as head coach. Missouri State's Kellie Harper, who was a point guard during Tennessee's 3-peat from 1996 to 1998, was hired as her replacement on April 8.

## Roster

| 2018–19 Tennessee Lady Volunteers women's basketball team | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| Pos. # Name Height Year Previous school Hometown  G/F 0 Rennia Davis 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) So Jean Ribault HS Jacksonville, FL  1 Anastasia Hayes 5 ft 7 in (1.7 m) So Riverdale HS Murfreesboro, TN  2 Evina Westbrook 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) So South Salem HS Salem, OR  4 Mimi Collins 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) Fr Paul VI Catholic HS Waldorf, MD  5 Kamera Harris 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) Jr Dutchtown HS Hampton, GA  G/F 10 Meme Jackson 5 ft 11 in (1.8 m) Sr Blackman HS Murfreesboro, TN  11 Kasiyahna Kushkituah 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) So St. Francis HS Atlanta, GA  G/F 12 Rae Burrell 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) Fr Liberty HS Henderson, NV  13 Jazmine Massengill 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) Fr Hamilton Heights Christian Academy Chattanooga, TN  14 Zaay Green 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) Fr Duncanville HS Duncanville, TX  15 Cheridene Green 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) RS Sr Harris Academy Beckenham
ASA College London, England, UK  21 Lou Brown 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) RS Sr Australian Institute of Sport Melbourne, AUS | Head coach Assistant coach(es)* Dean Lockwood (Army) * Sharrona Reaves (Alabama) * Bridgette Gordon (Tennessee)  ---  Legend* **(C)** Team captain * **(S)** Suspended * **(I)** Ineligible * **(W)** Walk-on  ---  Roster |

## Rankings

Ranking movements
**Legend:** ██ Increase in ranking ██ Decrease in ranking
— = Not ranked RV = Received votes т = Tied with team above or below
|  | Week | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Poll | Pre | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | Final |
| AP | 11 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 13 | 20-T | RV |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Not released |
| Coaches | 12 | 12^ | 11 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 13 | 17 | RV |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

^Coaches' Poll did not release a second poll at the same time as the AP.

## Schedule and results

| Date
time, TV | Rank# | Opponent# | Result | Record | High points | High rebounds | High assists | Site (attendance)
city, state |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Exhibition | | | | | | | | |
| 11/05/2018*
7:00 pm | No. 11 | Carson-Newman | **W** 128–59 |
 | 28  Z. Green | 10  Collins | 8  Westbrook | Thompson–Boling Arena (3,267)
Knoxville, TN |
| Regular season | | | | | | | | |
| 11/11/2018*
2:00 pm | No. 11 | Presbyterian | **W** 97–49 | 1–0
 | 20  Westbrook | 11  C. Green | 5  Westbrook | Thompson–Boling Arena (8,147)
Knoxville, TN |
| 11/14/2018*
7:00 pm | No. 12 | UNC Asheville | **W** 73–46 | 2–0
 | 13  Jackson | 8  *Tied* | 4  Westbrook | Thompson–Boling Arena (6,914)
Knoxville, TN |
| 11/18/2018*
2:00 pm | No. 12 | Florida A&M | **W** 96–31 | 3–0
 | 19  Jackson | 11  Davis | 8  Westbrook | Thompson–Boling Arena (7,616)
Knoxville, TN |
| 11/22/2018*
3:00 pm | No. 11 | vs. Clemson
*Junkanoo Jam Junkanoo Division semifinals* | **W** 78–66 | 4–0
 | 14  Jackson | 9  *Tied* | 5  Westbrook | Gateway Christian Academy (320)
Bimini, Bahamas |
| 11/24/2018*
2:00 pm | No. 11 | vs. UAB
*Junkanoo Jam Junkanoo Division championship* | **W** 73–69 OT | 5–0
 | 18  Davis | 13  Kushkituah | 3  *Tied* | Gateway Christian Academy (250)
Bimini, Bahamas |
| 12/02/2018*
4:00 pm, FS1 | No. 11 | at Oklahoma State
*Big 12/SEC Women's Challenge* | **W** 76–63 | 6–0
 | 29  Westbrook | 13  C. Green | 3  *Tied* | Gallagher-Iba Arena (3,493)
Stillwater, OK |
| 12/05/2018*
7:00 pm | No. 9 | Stetson | **W** 65–55 | 7–0
 | 24  Davis | 9  Davis | 4  Westbrook | Thompson–Boling Arena (6,916)
Knoxville, TN |
| 12/09/2018*
1:00 pm, ESPN2 | No. 9 | at No. 12 Texas | **W** 88–82 | 8–0
 | 33  Jackson | 6  *Tied* | 6  Westbrook | Frank Erwin Center (4,275)
Austin, TX |
| 12/18/2018*
6:00 pm, SECN | No. 9 | No. 8 Stanford
*Rivalry* | **L** 85–95 | 8–1
 | 29  Westbrook | 10  Davis | 10  Westbrook | Thompson–Boling Arena (8,051)
Knoxville, TN |
| 12/21/2018*
7:00 pm | No. 9 | ETSU | **W** 80–61 | 9–1
 | 23  Jackson | 9  Massengill | 9  Westbrook | Thompson–Boling Arena (8,025)
Knoxville, TN |
| 12/28/2018*
7:00 pm | No. 10 | Murray State | **W** 98–77 | 10–1
 | 20  Davis | 13  Davis | 8  Massengill | Thompson–Boling Arena (8,518)
Knoxville, TN |
| 12/30/2018*
2:00 pm | No. 10 | Belmont | **W** 84–76 | 11–1
 | 20  Westbrook | 8  *Tied* | 7  Westbrook | Thompson–Boling Arena (8,546)
Knoxville, TN |
| 01/03/2019
7:00 pm | No. 10 | at Auburn | **W** 78–69 | 12–1
(1–0) | 27  Jackson | 14  Davis | 7  Z. Green | Auburn Arena (2,204)
Auburn, AL |
| 01/06/2019
2:00 pm, ESPN2 | No. 10 | Missouri | **L** 64–66 | 12–2
(1–1) | 16  Westbrook | 14  C. Green | 3  Westbrook | Thompson–Boling Arena (9,113)
Knoxville, TN |
| 01/10/2019
7:00 pm, SECN | No. 13 | No. 16 Kentucky
*Rivalry* | **L** 71–73 | 12–3
(1–2) | 20  Westbrook | 15  C. Green | 6  Jackson | Thompson–Boling Arena (8,145)
Knoxville, TN |
| 01/13/2019
3:00 pm, ESPN | No. 13 | at Georgia | **L** 62–66 | 12–4
(1–3) | 23  Westbrook | 12  Davis | 6  Westbrook | Stegeman Coliseum (5,867)
Athens, GA |
| 01/17/2019
9:00 pm, SECN | No. 20 | at Alabama | **L** 65–86 | 12–5
(1–4) | 19  Westbrook | 11  Z. Green | 5  Westbrook | Coleman Coliseum (2,392)
Tuscaloosa, AL |
| 01/21/2019
7:00 pm, SECN |  | Arkansas | **L** 79–80 | 12–6
(1–5) | 24  Westbrook | 12  C. Green | 5  Westbrook | Thompson–Boling Arena (7,259)
Knoxville, TN |
| 01/24/2019*
7:00 pm, ESPN |  | No. 1 Notre Dame | **L** 62–77 | 12–7
 | 19  Z. Green | 11  C. Green | 5  Z. Green | Thompson–Boling Arena (9,154)
Knoxville, TN |
| 01/27/2019
1:00 pm, SECN |  | LSU | **W** 74–65 | 13–7
(2–5) | 24  Davis | 10  C. Green | 6  Westbrook | Thompson–Boling Arena (9,518)
Knoxville, TN |
| 01/31/2019
7:00 pm |  | Florida | **W** 67–50 | 14–7
(3–5) | 19  Davis | 10  *Tied* | 7  Westbrook | Thompson–Boling Arena (6,233)
Knoxville, TN |
| 02/03/2019
3:00 pm, ESPN2 |  | at Vanderbilt
*Rivalry* | **W** 82–65 | 15–7
(4–5) | 18  Westbrook | 12  Davis | 5  Westbrook | Memorial Gymnasium (3,815)
Nashville, TN |
| 02/10/2019
2:00 pm, ESPN |  | at No. 6 Mississippi State | **L** 63–91 | 15–8
(4–6) | 29  Davis | 7  C. Green | 2  *Tied* | Humphrey Coliseum (10,021)
Starkville, MS |
| 02/14/2019
7:00 pm |  | Auburn | **W** 73–62 | 16–8
(5–6) | 25  Z. Green | 11  C. Green | 10  Westbrook | Thompson–Boling Arena (7,547)
Knoxville, TN |
| 02/17/2019
5:00 pm, ESPN2 |  | at Missouri | **W** 62–60 | 17–8
(6–6) | 18  Westbrook | 11  Davis | 6  Westbrook | Mizzou Arena (8,559)
Columbia, MO |
| 02/21/2019
9:00 pm, SECN |  | at No. 21 Texas A&M | **L** 62–79 | 17–9
(6–7) | 17  Westbrook | 15  C. Green | 5  Westbrook | Reed Arena (3,789)
College Station, TX |
| 02/24/2019
4:00 pm, ESPN2 |  | No. 13 South Carolina | **L** 67–82 | 17–10
(6–8) | 15  Davis | 9  *Tied* | 2  *Tied* | Thompson–Boling Arena (9,448)
Knoxville, TN |
| 02/28/2019
7:00 pm, SECN |  | Vanderbilt
*Rivalry* | **L** 69–76 | 17–11
(6–9) | 20  C. Green | 8  C. Green | 5  Jackson | Thompson–Boling Arena (7,321)
Knoxville, TN |
| 03/03/2019
3:00 pm |  | at Ole Miss | **W** 81–56 | 18–11
(7–9) | 20  Jackson | 8  Z. Green | 9  Westbrook | The Pavilion at Ole Miss (1,308)
Oxford, MS |
| SEC Women's Tournament | | | | | | | | |
| 03/07/2019
12:00 pm, SECN | (8) | vs. (9) LSU
*Second Round* | **W** 69–66 | 19–11
 | 20  Westbrook | 9  C. Green | 3  Davis | Bon Secours Wellness Arena (3,215)
Greenville, SC |
| 03/08/2019
12:00 pm, SECN | (8) | vs. (1) No. 5 Mississippi State
*Quarterfinals* | **L** 68–83 | 19–12
 | 19  Westbrook | 8  Davis | 6  Westbrook | Bon Secours Wellness Arena (4,431)
Greenville, SC |
| NCAA Women's Tournament | | | | | | | | |
| 03/23/2019*
1:00 pm, ESPN2 | (11 A) | vs. (6 A) No. 20 UCLA
*First Round* | **L** 77–89 | 19–13
 | 21  Davis | 10  Davis | 9  Westbrook | Xfinity Center (5,072)
College Park, MD |
| *Non-conference game. #Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses.
A=Albany Region.
All times are in Eastern Time.
 | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 2018–19 Tennessee Lady Volunteers basketball | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Junkanoo Jam Junkanoo Division Champions | |
| NCAA tournament, first round | |
| Conference | Southeastern Conference |
| Record | 19–13 (7–9 SEC) |
| Head coach |  |
| Assistant coaches | * Dean Lockwood * Sharrona Reaves * Bridgette Gordon |
| Home arena | Thompson–Boling Arena |
|


title: Sociocultural linguistics

abstract: Sociocultural linguistics is a term used to encompass a broad range of theories and methods for the study of language in its sociocultural context. Its growing use is a response to the increasingly narrow association of the term sociolinguistics with specific types of research involving the quantitative analysis of linguistic features and their correlation to sociological variables. The term as it is currently used not only clarifies this distinction, but highlights an awareness of the necessity for transdisciplinary approaches to language, culture and society. The scope of sociocultural linguistics, as described by researchers such as Kira Hall and Mary Bucholtz, is potentially vast, though often includes work drawing from disciplines such as sociolinguistics, linguistic anthropology, discourse analysis, and sociology of language, as well as certain streams of social psychology, folklore studies, media studies, social and literary theory, and the philosophy of language.

text:
# Sociocultural linguistics

**Sociocultural linguistics** is a term used to encompass a broad range of theories and methods for the study of language in its sociocultural context. Its growing use is a response to the increasingly narrow association of the term sociolinguistics with specific types of research involving the quantitative analysis of linguistic features and their correlation to sociological variables. The term as it is currently used not only clarifies this distinction, but highlights an awareness of the necessity for transdisciplinary approaches to language, culture and society.

The scope of sociocultural linguistics, as described by researchers such as Kira Hall and Mary Bucholtz, is potentially vast, though often includes work drawing from disciplines such as sociolinguistics, linguistic anthropology, discourse analysis, and sociology of language, as well as certain streams of social psychology, folklore studies, media studies, social and literary theory, and the philosophy of language.

## Historical precedents

Sociocultural linguists, especially in the United States, take an interdisciplinary approach to the study of language and the social and cultural functions of language use. Although generative and cognitive linguistics have been dominant in the United States since the mid-twentieth century, American linguists have periodically proposed to bring their studies closer to other fields of social inquiry. For example, in 1929, Edward Sapir urged linguists to move beyond diachronic and formal analyses for their own sake and to "become aware of what their science may mean for the interpretation of human conduct in general" (1929:207).

> It is peculiarly important that linguists, who are often accused, and accused justly, of failure to look beyond the pretty patterns of their subject matter, should become aware of what their science may mean for the interpretation of human conduct in general. Whether they like it or not, they must become increasingly concerned with the many anthropological, sociological, and psychological problems which invade the field of language. \[Sapir 1929:214\]

Forty years later, Dell Hymes (1964) lamented that the socially integrated linguistics Sapir had called for was disappearing. It was he who coined the term "linguistic anthropology." Sociolinguistics is now the most common term for linguistics relating to the field of anthropology. Hymes and others worried that new formal approaches, as well as the push for linguistics as an autonomous field, threatened to once again isolate linguists. At the same time, though, the growth of ethnolinguistics and sociolinguistics offered a venue for the socially engaged linguistics Sapir had called for four decades earlier.

After four more decades, just as Hymes (1964) worried that linguistics had been bleached of its association with the study of human interaction in the wake of formalist studies, scholars noted that sociolinguistics in turn had narrowed to denote only specific types of study. Sociocultural linguistics is thus "the broad interdisciplinary field concerned with the intersection of language, culture, and society" (Bucholtz and Hall 2005: 5).

1. Hult, F.M. (2010). Theme-based research in the transdisciplinary field of educational linguistics. In F.M. Hult (Ed.), *Directions and prospects for educational linguistics* (pp. 19-32). New York: Springer.
2. Bucholtz and Hall (2008). "All of the Above: New Coalitions in Sociocultural Linguistics". *Journal of Sociolinguistics*: 410–431  via ResearchGate.
* Bucholtz, Mary, and Kira Hall. 2005. "Identity and Interaction: A Sociocultural Linguistic Approach." Discourse Studies 7(4-5).
* Hymes, Dell. 1964. "Introduction: Toward Ethnographies of Communication." American Anthropologist 66(6), part 2, 1-34.
* Sapir, Edward. 1929. "The Status of Linguistics as a Science." Language 5(4), 207-214.


title: Short Biography of Li He

abstract: The Short Biography of Li He is the earliest surviving record of the life of the Chinese poet Li He. It was compiled by the poet Li Shangyin. Du Mu's preface to the collected poems of Li He, which predates the Short Biography, was compiled in 831, but it contains almost no biographical details on Li. Other, later, biographies are given in chapter 137 of the Old Book of Tang and chapter 203 of the New Book of Tang.

text:
# Short Biography of Li He

The ***Short Biography of Li He*** (traditional Chinese: 李賀小傳; simplified Chinese: 李贺小传; pinyin: *lǐ hè xiǎo chuán*) is the earliest surviving record of the life of the Chinese poet Li He (c.790c.816). It was compiled by the poet Li Shangyin. Du Mu's preface to the collected poems of Li He, which predates the *Short Biography*, was compiled in 831, but it contains almost no biographical details on Li. Other, later, biographies are given in chapter 137 of the *Old Book of Tang* and chapter 203 of the *New Book of Tang*.

## Contents

The work opens with an allusion to Du Mu's preface, and contrasts the "curiosity" of Li's poetry as discussed by Du Mu with the actual account of the man Li which the *Short Biography* purports to give. The opening passages also make a claim to being based on an account of Li given by his elder sister. The work's physical description of Li ("skinny, unibrow, long fingernails") resembles that given to Taoist immortals in hagiographies such as the *Liexian Zhuan*.

The *Short Biography* goes on to discuss Li's poetic composition and his friendships with the renowned poet Han Yu, Wang Shenyuan (王參元/王参元), Yang Jingzhi (楊敬之/杨敬之), Quan Qu (權璩/权璩) and Cui Zhi.

## Analysis

Japanese scholar Hidenobu Wada speculates this was included not only to lend the work an air of credibility as coming from someone who knew the subject intimately, but also to tell the reader that the work would be an account of the "private" as opposed to "public" life of the poet. He attributes it to this reason, for example, that the *Short Biography* completely neglects the notorious incident in which Li was prevented from pursuing a public service career because of a naming taboo, which saw Li famously defended by Han Yu.

Wada further speculates that Wang Shenyuan, who was the younger brother of Li Shangyin's father-in-law Wang Maoyuan (王茂元), was the husband of Li He's sister.

## Works cited

* Endō, Seiki (15 April 2005). "Gafu Bungaku Shijō ni okeru Ri Ga no Ichi: "Fuzan Takashi" ni motozuku kōsatsu" (PDF). *Tōkyō Daigaku Chūgokugo Chūgoku Bungaku Kenkyūshitsu Kiyō* (in Japanese). **8** (1). University of Tokyo: 1–24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 2017-01-30.
* Fukazawa, Kazuyuki (2013). "Li He (*Ri Ga* in Japanese)". In Ozaki, Yūichirō; Chikusa, Masaaki; Togawa, Yoshio (eds.). *Chūgoku Bunkashi Daijiten* 中国文化史大事典 (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten. pp. 1219–1220. ISBN 978-4469012842.
* Morise, Toshizō (1975). "Ri Ga (791–817): Shin Tō Sho kan 203". In Ogawa, Tamaki (ed.). *Tōdai no Shijin: Sono Denki* 唐代の詩人 : その伝記. Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten. pp. 477–484.
* Wada, Hidenobu (28 April 2001). "Ri Ga to iu shijin-zō: Ri Shōin 'Ri Ga Shō Den' to Ri Ga no monogatari". *Ochanomizu Joshi Daigaku Daigaku Chūgoku Bungaku Kaihō* (in Japanese). **20** (1). Ochanomizu University: 50–68. Archived from the original on 2017-09-17. Retrieved 2017-09-17.


title: Belekeri port scam

abstract: The Belekeri port scam relates to 3.5 million tons of confiscated iron ore that was exported illegally from Belekeri port near Karwar in Karnataka. After Deputy Conservator of Forests R. Gokul seized the ore and the high court refused to permit it to be exported, a large part of it was surreptitiously exported from the port. After persistent protests and public pressure, Karnataka Chief Minister Yeddyurappa, who was balancing political considerations with control of corruption, admitted to an illegal iron-ore export racket at Belekeri Port involving 35 lakh metric tonnes of iron ore. It is said that the scam was worth an estimated 60,000 crore rupees. This iron ore from the Bellary region is alleged to have been illegally mined after paying a minuscule royalty to the government. The major irregularities involve mines in Bellary, including those of Obulapuram Mining Company owned by G. Karunakara Reddy and G. Janardhana Reddy, who were ministers in the Government of Karnataka during B. S. Yeddyurappa's tenure. A report constituted by the Lokayukta uncovered major violations and systemic corruption in mining in Bellary, including in the allowed geography, encroachment of forest land, massive underpayment of state mining royalties relative to the market price of iron ore and systematic starvation of government mining entities. This report was finalized and prepared with inputs from the Income Tax Department's Commissionerate of Central Circle. Justice N. Santosh Hegde resigned from the Lokayukta position on 23 June 2010 after an officer was suspended by order of minister J. Krishna Palemar and he felt powerless to help. He expressed inability to be effective in his anti-corruption mandate owing to a non-cooperative Government of Karnataka. Amid media speculation that the ports minister Krishna Palemar had recommended Gokul's suspension on behalf of some politicians with business interests, Palemar defended his recommendation to suspend Gokul, saying Gokul had failed to attend a meeting, and "this raised suspicions that he too might have had a role to play in this particular incident. Because of this I recommend that he be placed under suspension". Hegde's resignation sought to underline the helplessness of the advisory post of the Lokayukta in such situations. The resignation has brought considerable public attention on the scam, whose existence the government has also been forced to admit.

text:
# Belekeri port scam

The **Belekeri port scam** relates to 3.5 million tons of confiscated iron ore that was exported illegally from Belekeri port near Karwar in Karnataka. After Deputy Conservator of Forests R. Gokul seized the ore and the high court refused to permit it to be exported, a large part of it was surreptitiously exported from the port. After persistent protests and public pressure, Karnataka Chief Minister Yeddyurappa, who was balancing political considerations with control of corruption, admitted to an illegal iron-ore export racket at Belekeri Port involving 35 lakh metric tonnes of iron ore. It is said that the scam was worth an estimated 60,000 crore rupees (US$12 billion).

This iron ore from the Bellary region is alleged to have been illegally mined after paying a minuscule royalty to the government. The major irregularities involve mines in Bellary, including those of Obulapuram Mining Company owned by G. Karunakara Reddy and G. Janardhana Reddy, who were ministers in the Government of Karnataka during B. S. Yeddyurappa's tenure. A report constituted by the Lokayukta uncovered major violations and systemic corruption in mining in Bellary, including in the allowed geography, encroachment of forest land, massive underpayment of state mining royalties relative to the market price of iron ore and systematic starvation of government mining entities. This report was finalized and prepared with inputs from the Income Tax Department's Commissionerate of Central Circle.

Justice N. Santosh Hegde resigned from the Lokayukta position on 23 June 2010 after an officer (Deputy Conservator of Forests R Gokul) was suspended by order of minister J. Krishna Palemar and he felt powerless to help. He expressed inability to be effective in his anti-corruption mandate owing to a non-cooperative Government of Karnataka. Amid media speculation that the ports minister Krishna Palemar had recommended Gokul's suspension on behalf of some politicians with business interests, Palemar defended his recommendation to suspend Gokul, saying Gokul had failed to attend a meeting, and "this raised suspicions that he too might have had a role to play in this particular incident. Because of this I recommend that he be placed under suspension".

Hegde's resignation sought to underline the helplessness of the advisory post of the Lokayukta in such situations. The resignation has brought considerable public attention on the scam, whose existence the government has also been forced to admit.

The lack of effective regulation in the mining and transport of iron ore has adversely impacted road safety in addition to the loss of revenue and environmental denudation due to illegal mining. Overloaded trucks carrying ore have caused hundreds of fatal accidents on the roadways leading to ports such as Belekeri. As many as 114 accidents were reported in 2007, and 174 in 2008. There are also reports of severe damage to the roads in Karnataka, including national highways NH-17, NH-48 and NH-63, near Shimoga.

## Lokayukta report of July 2011

This report was finalized and prepared with inputs from the Income Tax Department's Commissionerate of Central Circle. The chapter 2 of the Lokayukta Report on illegal mining in Karnataka details the method in which the Belekeri Port was the anchor point of export of illegally mined iron ore. The report mentions the involvement of private companies – Shree Mallikarjun Shipping Pvt Ltd (SMSPL), Adani Enterprises Ltd, Salgaonkar Mining Industries Pvt Ltd, Dream Logistics Company India Pvt.Ltd and Raj Mahal Silks in large scale illegal exports of ore.


title: Simon J. Berger

abstract:
Simon Jönsson Berger, known as Simon J. Berger is a Swedish actor. He is the son of musician Bengt Berger and artist Gittan Jönsson. He grew up in Stockholm and in Österlen. He was educated at the Fridhems Folkhögskola and Teaterhögskolan in Malmö, from which he graduated in 2007. Berger has also acted at Scen Österlen, Lunds Studentteater, Malmö Stadsteater and Royal Dramatic Theatre. Berger became known to a wider Swedish audience by appearing in the 2007 television miniseries Upp till kamp, in which he played the leading role of Erik Westfeldt. He was given the role while he still studied at Teaterhögskolan. Berger has also had the leading role in the Academy Award winning short film Istället för Abakadabra. He won a Prix d'Interprétation Masculine award at the
Brussels Short Film Festival for that role. In 2010, he made his debut role at the Dramaten as Val Xavier in the play Mannen med Ormskinnsjackan. In 2012, he played the character Paul in the Jonas Gardell series Don't Ever Wipe Tears Without Gloves. The series was broadcast on Swedish Television. He also had a leading role in the 2012 film Call Girl. In 2015, he played Isak Aronson in TV 4's murder mystery miniseries Modus, which was screened in Australia by SBS and in the UK by BBC Four From 2019 to 2023, Berger played Adam Vejle in Exit, a series in 3 seasons that described the decadent lives of 4 men in Oslo's finance elites. It became the most streamed in the history of Norwegian national television. He appeared in the second season of The Hunters in 2021.

text:
# Simon J. Berger

**Simon Jönsson Berger**, known as **Simon J. Berger** (born 1 June 1979) is a Swedish actor. He is the son of musician Bengt Berger and artist Gittan Jönsson. He grew up in Stockholm and in Österlen. He was educated at the Fridhems Folkhögskola and Teaterhögskolan in Malmö, from which he graduated in 2007. Berger has also acted at Scen Österlen, Lunds Studentteater, Malmö Stadsteater and Royal Dramatic Theatre.

Berger became known to a wider Swedish audience by appearing in the 2007 television miniseries *Upp till kamp*, in which he played the leading role of Erik Westfeldt. He was given the role while he still studied at Teaterhögskolan.

Berger has also had the leading role in the Academy Award winning short film *Istället för Abakadabra*. He won a Prix d'Interprétation Masculine award at the Brussels Short Film Festival for that role. In 2010, he made his debut role at the Dramaten as Val Xavier in the play *Mannen med Ormskinnsjackan*.

In 2012, he played the character Paul in the Jonas Gardell series *Don't Ever Wipe Tears Without Gloves*. The series was broadcast on Swedish Television. He also had a leading role in the 2012 film *Call Girl*.

In 2015, he played Isak Aronson in TV 4's murder mystery miniseries *Modus*, which was screened in Australia by SBS and in the UK by BBC Four

From 2019 to 2023, Berger played Adam Vejle in Exit, a series in 3 seasons that described the decadent lives of 4 men in Oslo's finance elites. It became the most streamed in the history of Norwegian national television.

He appeared in the second season of *The Hunters* in 2021.

Media related to Simon J. Berger at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Simon Berger | |
| --- | --- |
| Berger in 2013 | |
| Born | Simon Jönsson Berger
(1979-06-01) 1 June 1979
Stockholm, Sweden |
| Occupation | Actor |


title: United States v. X-Citement Video, Inc.

abstract:
United States v. X-Citement Video, Inc., 513 U.S. 64 (1994), was a federal criminal prosecution filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California in Los Angeles against X-Citement Video and its owner, Rubin Gottesman, on three charges of trafficking in child pornography, specifically videos featuring the underaged Traci Lords. In 1989, a federal judge found Gottesman guilty and later sentenced him to one year in jail and a $100,000 fine. The defense challenged the constitutionality of certain sections of the federal laws against child pornography, claiming they were unconstitutionally vague. On appeal, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit agreed and reversed the district decision in 1992.
The case was appealed again to the Supreme Court, which, in turn, by a 7-2 vote, reversed the ruling of the Ninth Circuit on November 29, 1994, because the relevant sections could be interpreted in a way that is constitutional.

text:
# United States v. X-Citement Video, Inc.

***United States v. X-Citement Video, Inc.***, 513 U.S. 64 (1994), was a federal criminal prosecution filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California in Los Angeles against X-Citement Video and its owner, Rubin Gottesman, on three charges of trafficking in child pornography, specifically videos featuring the underaged Traci Lords. In 1989, a federal judge found Gottesman guilty and later sentenced him to one year in jail and a $100,000 fine.

The defense challenged the constitutionality of certain sections of the federal laws against child pornography, claiming they were unconstitutionally vague. On appeal, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit agreed and reversed the district decision in 1992. The case was appealed again to the Supreme Court, which, in turn, by a 7-2 vote, reversed the ruling of the Ninth Circuit on November 29, 1994, because the relevant sections could be interpreted in a way that is constitutional.

## Background

In 1986, federal and local authorities discovered that actress Traci Lords had made pornographic movies while she was underage. This incident formed the basis of several actions against people working in the pornography industry.

Rubin Gottesman owned X-Citement Video. In June 1986 he was visited by Los Angeles Police Officer Steven Takeshita and FBI Agent Nellie Magdaloyo. They posed as pornography retailers who wanted to buy videos from him. They made several more visits that year, culminating in Gottesman sending Lords videos to Hawaii in early 1987. In the course of the investigation, they witnessed Gottesman giving acknowledgement of prior knowledge that Lords was underage during the making of those movies.

## Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruling

The Ninth Circuit ruled that the sections in the Protection of Children Against Sexual Exploitation Act of 1977 dealing with the interstate transportation of underage pornography is unconstitutional. Part of the relevant provision states:

*(a) Any person who:* *(1) knowingly transports or ships in interstate or foreign commerce by any means, including by computer or mails, any visual depiction, if*

*(A) the producing of such visual depiction involves the use of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct and* *(B) such visual depiction is of such conduct;*

*shall be punished as provided in subsection (b) of this section.*

The defense asserted that the word "knowingly" in section (1), judging from the grammar, did not extend to the conduct described in subsection (A) or (B).

If interpreted this way, the result would be that anybody buying or selling movies without knowing their content might be held criminally liable. This was the basis for the Ninth Circuit Court finding the law in violation of the First Amendment.

## Supreme Court

The decision was appealed to the United States Supreme Court. With a majority of 7–2, they ruled to reverse the decision of the Ninth Circuit and uphold the criminal conviction.

They explained that if a law can be interpreted in a way that is constitutional, then that interpretation must be used rather than declaring the law unconstitutional. In effect, they made the word "knowingly" extend to the other clauses.

Justice Antonin Scalia filed a dissenting opinion, in which Justice Clarence Thomas joined. In Scalia's dissent, he acknowledged this rule but only in cases where the new interpretation does not need an ungrammatical reading of the statute.

Gottesman was incarcerated at the Federal Medical Center, Fort Worth, Texas and released on June 20, 1997.

## InfoBox

| United States v. X-Citement Video, Inc. | |
| --- | --- |
| Supreme Court of the United States | |
| Argued October 5, 1994
Decided November 29, 1994 | |
| Full case name | *United States v. X-Citement Video, Inc.* |
| Citations | 513 U.S. 64 (*more*)115 S. Ct. 464; 130 L. Ed. 2d 372 |
| Argument | Oral argument |
| Case history | |
| Subsequent | 982 F.2d 1285 (9th Cir. 1992), reversed. |
| Holding | |
| Conviction under federal statute prohibiting use of minor in pornographic film and distribution of same requires proof of knowledge that performer was a minor at time of production. As so interpreted, the statute is constitutional. Ninth Circuit reversed and remanded. | |
| Court membership | |
| Chief Justice William Rehnquist  Associate Justices John P. Stevens **·**  Sandra Day O'Connor
Antonin Scalia **·**  Anthony Kennedy
David Souter **·**  Clarence Thomas
Ruth Bader Ginsburg **·**  Stephen Breyer | |
| Case opinions | |
| Majority | Rehnquist, joined by Stevens, O'Connor, Kennedy, Souter, Ginsburg, Breyer |
| Concurrence | Stevens |
| Dissent | Scalia, joined by Thomas |


title: The Marine 6: Close Quarters

abstract: The Marine 6: Close Quarters is a 2018 American action film produced by WWE Studios. It is the sixth and final installment of The Marine series. Mike "The Miz" Mizanin returned to star in the series for the fourth time, alongside fellow WWE wrestlers Shawn Michaels and Becky Lynch.

text:
# The Marine 6: Close Quarters

***The Marine 6: Close Quarters*** is a 2018 American action film produced by WWE Studios. It is the sixth and final installment of *The Marine* series. Mike "The Miz" Mizanin returned to star in the series for the fourth time, alongside fellow WWE wrestlers Shawn Michaels and Becky Lynch.

## Plot

In a park, a young girl named Sarah Dillon is kidnapped by Irish criminal Maddy Hayes. Maddy calls Sarah's father, Patrick, a juror, and she threatens to kill Sarah if Patrick doesn't force a mistrial on her father, Horace, who is on trial in a court case.

Meanwhile, former US Marines, Jake Carter and Luke Trapper, later meet up with a man named Graham at a disused brewery. They hear a scream inside and bust into the room where it came from, where they encounter Maddy and her henchmen holding Sarah hostage. Graham wanders in, and ends up getting killed by Maddy. Jake and Luke get into various fights with the henchmen throughout the brewery as they try to rescue Sarah, while Patrick struggles with settling on his verdict for Horace.

Jake, Luke and Sarah are later confronted by more henchmen in an underground tunnel system and are eventually pinned down. Jake is shot and fatally wounded in the chaos, while Maddy snatches Sarah back. Trusting Luke to rescue Sarah, Jake sacrifices himself by running toward the henchmen, killing as many as he can, taking many hits. Maddy bids Jake farewell and throws a knife into his heart, killing him.

Luke follows Maddy and her remaining men outside towards a boat. Maddy learns that the mistrial has been confirmed, which then makes Sarah a loose end. Luke kills the remaining henchmen on land, and jumps onto the boat, where he kills her last henchman. Luke and Maddy then engage in hand-to-hand combat, and Luke manages to overpower Maddy with a rope and throw her overboard. An anchor connected to the rope later falls into the water, forcing Maddy to become submerged in the water and drown. Police and paramedics show up and Sarah reunites with Patrick who guarantees that Horace will be put to justice. Luke says his final goodbyes to Jake; his corpse is escorted away by paramedics. The film ends with a tribute to Jake Carter, showing everything he did throughout the franchise.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| The Marine 6: Close Quarters | |
| --- | --- |
| DVD cover | |
| Directed by | James Nunn |
| Screenplay by | Craig Walendziak |
| Produced by | Michael Luisi |
| Starring | Mike "The Miz" Mizanin
Shawn Michaels
Becky Lynch |
| Cinematography | Luke Bryant |
| Edited by | Chuck Norris |
| Music by | Christian Wibe |
| Production
company | WWE Studios |
| Distributed by | Sony Pictures Home Entertainment |
| Release date | * November 13, 2018 (2018-11-13) |
| Running time | 85 minutes |


title: The Afterlight (2009 film)

abstract: The Afterlight is a 2009 American drama film written and directed by Alexei Kaleina and Craig William Macneill and starring Michael Kelly, Jicky Schnee, Ana Asensio, Rip Torn, Morgan Taddeo and Rhoda Pauley.

text:
# The Afterlight (2009 film)

***The Afterlight*** is a 2009 American drama film written and directed by Alexei Kaleina and Craig William Macneill and starring Michael Kelly, Jicky Schnee, Ana Asensio, Rip Torn, Morgan Taddeo and Rhoda Pauley.

## Cast

## Release

The film premiered at the Rome Film Festival in 2009 and was released at the Quad Cinema on September 10, 2010.

## Reception

The film has a 63% percent rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on eight reviews.

Ronnie Scheib of *Variety* gave the film a positive review and wrote, "*Afterlight* proceeds without much discernible plot or character development, its objects and places exuding more backstory than its people, though Rip Torn as the father of the sole male protagonist lends a certain woodsy authenticity."

Jeannette Catsoulis of *The New York Times* also gave the film a positive review and wrote, “ Tempering the film’s oppressive emotions, the cinematographer Zoë White’s exquisite compositions charge leaden rain clouds and rustling branches with eerie life, and dusty indoor corners with shadowy secrets.”

Gary Goldstein of the *Los Angeles Times* gave the film a negative review and wrote, “ At the same time, it’s hard to embrace this glacially paced, symbolism-heavy film’s elusive — when it’s not being elliptical — story about a city couple’s escape to rural life.”

## InfoBox

| The Afterlight | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Alexei Kaleina
Craig William Macneill |
| Written by | Alexei Kaleina
Craig William Macneill |
| Produced by | Alexandre Fuchs
Pegah Easton |
| Starring | Michael Kelly
Jicky Schnee
Ana Asensio
Rip Torn
Morgan Taddeo
Rhoda Pauley |
| Cinematography | Zoe White |
| Edited by | Alexei Kaleina
Craig William Macneill |
| Music by | Nathan Matthew David |
| Production
company | Wintersea Films |
| Release date |  |
| Running time | 87 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Scrubs season 6

abstract: The sixth season of the American comedy television series Scrubs premiered on NBC on November 30, 2006 and concluded on May 17, 2007 and consists of 22 episodes. The series moved to Thursdays at 9:00 pm as a part of NBC's Comedy Night Done Right. Guest stars in the sixth season included Keri Russell and Michael Weston. This season featured the series' musical episode, "My Musical". Over the course of the season, J.D. and the other characters must mature to fill the different roles required of them. J.D., for instance, is cast in the role of expecting father since his girlfriend, Dr. Kim Briggs, is pregnant with his child. Turk and Carla become parents when Carla gives birth to their daughter, Isabella Turk. Elliot plans her wedding to Keith, although she and J.D. still harbor feelings for each other. Dr. Cox, as father of two children with Jordan, struggles to prevent his foul disposition from affecting his parenting. Important issues are touched upon, such as the importance of leadership, whether everything happens for a reason, and even death.

text:
# Scrubs season 6

The sixth season of the American comedy television series *Scrubs* premiered on NBC on November 30, 2006 and concluded on May 17, 2007 and consists of 22 episodes. The series moved to Thursdays at 9:00 pm as a part of NBC's Comedy Night Done Right. Guest stars in the sixth season included Keri Russell and Michael Weston. This season featured the series' musical episode, "My Musical".

Over the course of the season, J.D. and the other characters must mature to fill the different roles required of them. J.D., for instance, is cast in the role of expecting father since his girlfriend, Dr. Kim Briggs (Elizabeth Banks), is pregnant with his child. Turk and Carla become parents when Carla gives birth to their daughter, Isabella Turk. Elliot plans her wedding to Keith, although she and J.D. still harbor feelings for each other. Dr. Cox, as father of two children with Jordan, struggles to prevent his foul disposition from affecting his parenting. Important issues are touched upon, such as the importance of leadership, whether everything happens for a reason, and even death.

## Cast and characters

### Main cast

## Production

Season Six saw more writers leave. Tim Hobert left after the first three episodes, as did Tad Quill. Gabrielle Allan returned as a consulting producer for the first half season. Clarence Livingston was hired as a story editor. Andy Schwartz and Dave Tennant were hired as staff writers. Even though Eric Weinberg and Sean Russell each wrote an episode this season, they were not part of the writing staff. Weinberg returned to write just that episode. Russell was the script coordinator, who was given the opportunity to write an episode.

## Episodes

*Scrubs* season 6 episodes
| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | Prod.
code | U.S. viewers
(millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 118 | 1 | "My Mirror Image" | John Inwood | Tim Hobert | November 30, 2006 (2006-11-30) | 601 | 7.72 |
| J.D. attempts to avoid confronting Kim (Elizabeth Banks) about her pregnancy. Dr. Cox attempts to deal with his anger issues, both at home and at work. Elliot is having trouble being the only one in the group with no child on the way. The Janitor questions the purpose of his life. | | | | | | | |
| 119 | 2 | "My Best Friend's Baby's Baby and My Baby's Baby" | Gail Mancuso | Neil Goldman & Garrett Donovan | December 7, 2006 (2006-12-07) | 603 | 8.38 |
| Carla goes into labour, but Turk is overshadowed by Elliot in his attempts to support Carla. J.D. and Kim discuss their options for their baby, whether or not they should seek an abortion. Jordan gets angry at Dr. Cox for treating their son Jack like his "drinking buddy". | | | | | | | |
| 120 | 3 | "My Coffee" | Rick Blue | Tad Quill | December 14, 2006 (2006-12-14) | 602 | 7.73 |
| J.D. tries to find out how compatible he and Kim are. Turk gives medical advice for fees so that Carla can stay on maternity leave and Elliot is tortured by Dr. Cox as she considers going into private practice. When Dr. Kelso allows a "Coffee Bucks" franchise to be built onto the hospital, Janitor leads a strike of the Sacred Heart supporting staff, demanding the same dental insurance that the coffee workers are receiving. | | | | | | | |
| 121 | 4 | "My House" | John Putch | Bill Callahan | January 4, 2007 (2007-01-04) | 604 | 7.29 |
| Dr. Cox feels like the TV character *House* when he has to solve several mysteries. One of them is that Elliot is angry at Dr. Kelso, but is taking her anger out on Turk for some reason. Carla is showing early signs of postpartum depression, while J.D. tries to be a better boyfriend for Kim and at the same time has to solve the problem of a heart-failure-patient who is apparently healthy, and Turk and Dr. Cox find another mystery when a patient's husband is "as orange as an NBA gameball". The episode guest stars Dave Foley as Dr. Hedrick. | | | | | | | |
| 122 | 5 | "My Friend with Money" | John Michel | Gabrielle Allan | January 11, 2007 (2007-01-11) | 605 | 7.77 |
| Elliot is enjoying private practice a little too much, causing J.D. and Dr. Cox to show a little jealousy. Carla's post-partum depression symptoms worsen. Dr. Cox and Janitor try to co-exist in the hospital's new luxury suite. | | | | | | | |
| 123 | 6 | "My Musical" | Will Mackenzie | Debra Fordham | January 18, 2007 (2007-01-18) | 607 | 6.48 |
| The arrival of a patient (Stephanie D'Abruzzo) who hears music all the time results in Sacred Heart turning into a full-scale Broadway musical. Elliot tries to tell J.D. that she does not want to be roommates with him any more, while Carla attempts to decide whether she should return to work or not. | | | | | | | |
| 124 | 7 | "His Story IV" | Linda Mendoza | Mike Schwartz | February 1, 2007 (2007-02-01) | 606 | 6.90 |
| Narrated from Dr. Kelso's viewpoint. Dr. Kelso befriends a soldier, Private Brian Dancer (Michael Weston) being treated at Sacred Heart, the war stories he brings back from Iraq remind Kelso what it means to be a good leader. Meanwhile, the soldier's presence in the hospital causes a heated political debate, dividing the staffers, and while everyone is fighting the patient's wellbeing is being neglected. Elsewhere, J.D. is in search of a new apartment and feels out of the loop when politics become the topic of the day at Sacred Heart. | | | | | | | |
| 125 | 8 | "My Road to Nowhere" | Mark Stegemann | Mark Stegemann | February 8, 2007 (2007-02-08) | 608 | 6.25 |
| Turk convinces J.D. that he needs to go to Tacoma for Kim's first ultrasound, which results in an impromptu road trip for the Sacred Heart crew. After commandeering Dr. Kelso's new RV, Rowdy, Elliot, Carla, Keith, Ted and the Janitor join the father to be on his journey. Meanwhile, Dr. Cox and Jordan face some concern when her ultrasound reveals that their unborn child will need to have surgery. | | | | | | | |
| 126 | 9 | "My Perspective" | John Putch | Angela Nissel | February 15, 2007 (2007-02-15) | 609 | 6.23 |
| When J.D. develops vasovagal syncope, a condition which results in fainting or blackouts, he finds himself not only having to deal with losing his girlfriend and his apartment, but also his consciousness. Elliot and Turk debate over whose turn it is to take care of the always luckless attending, while Carla tries out her new excuse: "I have a baby." Elsewhere, the Janitor embarks on a cruise vacation. Also, Miloš, an established surgeon in his war-torn home country, comes to Sacred Heart and angers Turk by showing greater surgical experience than him. | | | | | | | |
| 127 | 10 | "My Therapeutic Month" | Ken Whittingham | Aseem Batra | February 22, 2007 (2007-02-22) | 610 | 5.66 |
| J.D. likes a sexy new physical therapist but because of his unfortunate circumstances, he finds it difficult to ask her out. Meanwhile, Turk breaks his arm and Dr. Kelso sends him back to residency where, with the help of Dr. Cox, he realizes that he knows less about actual medicine than he thought he did. Elsewhere, Elliot invites Keith to move in with her, but is not quite ready to compromise her house rules. All the while Carla provides each of the doctors with guidance while they get over their fear, ignorance and stubbornness. | | | | | | | |
| 128 | 11 | "My Night to Remember" | Richard Davis | Debra Fordham | March 1, 2007 (2007-03-01) | 614 | 6.76 |
| While helping a patient regain his memory, the staff at Sacred Heart stir up some memories of their own. J.D., Elliot, Turk, Carla, Dr. Cox, Dr. Kelso and Janitor take a trip down memory lane in this clip show of six years of *Scrubs*. | | | | | | | |
| 129 | 12 | "My Fishbowl" | Chris Koch | Kevin Biegel | March 8, 2007 (2007-03-08) | 611 | 5.84 |
| The day has come for Private Brian Dancer to be released from Sacred Heart, but when the military informs him that his injuries are too severe to return to service he spirals into a state of depression. Elliot, J.D. and Turk rally around him to boost his spirit. Meanwhile, Dr. Cox informs Carla that her jokes are just not funny. | | | | | | | |
| 130 | 13 | "My Scrubs" | John Putch | Clarence Livingston | March 15, 2007 (2007-03-15) | 612 | 6.44 |
| Unbeknownst to Dr. Kelso, J.D. and Turk try to beat the system to treat the Chief's uninsured friend. Elsewhere, the Janitor blackmails Carla with a case of mistaken dog identity. Meanwhile, Dr. Cox tries to convince Elliot that a reformed drug addict is not quite clean. All the while the entire staff is condemned to wearing dirt brown scrubs when Kelso suspects a clothing thief in their midst. The episode guest stars Alexander Chaplin as Sam Thompson and Victoria Tennant as Maggie Kent. | | | | | | | |
| 131 | 14 | "My No Good Reason" | Zach Braff | Janae Bakken | March 22, 2007 (2007-03-22) | 613 | 6.44 |
| J.D. and Turk try to forget that the Turks' new nanny is smoking hot, but when the pair holds a public screening of the footage from the nanny cam, Carla soon catches on. Elsewhere, Elliot and the Janitor team up to cheer up a dying patient, but their actions cause Dr. Kelso to feel undermined. Meanwhile, Nurse Laverne Roberts and Dr. Cox debate whether or not "everything happens for a reason", but when a tragedy falls upon one of the Sacred Heart staff it is hard to continue the argument. | | | | | | | |
| 132 | 15 | "My Long Goodbye" | Victor Nelli, Jr. | Dave Tennant | April 5, 2007 (2007-04-05) | 615 | 4.89 |
| Nurse Laverne Roberts is in a coma, and nobody knows when she will wake up. Elliot comes to visit and remembers the times when she was down, and Laverne cheered her up. Carla comes in and tells Elliot not to say goodbye because people have come back from worse. Jordan is giving birth and only gives Dr. Cox two hours' notice; he immediately starts freaking out. Carla refuses to accept that Laverne is going to die. A ghost of Laverne follows Carla around until Carla finally says goodbye to her. | | | | | | | |
| 133 | 16 | "My Words of Wisdom" | Victor Nelli, Jr. | Eric Weinberg | April 12, 2007 (2007-04-12) | 616 | 5.05 |
| J.D. treats a deaf patient and learns that the Janitor knows sign language. They are shocked when the father, also deaf, refuses a surgical implant that would allow his son to hear. After saying goodbye to Laverne, the Sacred Heart staff institutes some of her lessons into their lives. Though Carla thinks they have all forgotten, Dr. Cox takes time to reflect on his purpose, Elliot opens her heart to Keith, and J.D. and Turk learn compassion. | | | | | | | |
| 134 | 17 | "Their Story" | Richard Alexander Wells | Andy Schwartz | April 19, 2007 (2007-04-19) | 617 | 5.61 |
| In a unique twist, J.D. turns his narrating duties over to Ted, the Todd and Jordan — as this episode focuses on the lives of the supporting players at Sacred Heart Hospital. Ted juggles fantasies in which he has a full head of hair and a reality where he is helping the nursing staff fight for a raise; Todd meets his future son and helps Turk preserve his reputation and Jordan puts aside her knack for causing misery to help Elliot and Keith's relationship. | | | | | | | |
| 135 | 18 | "My Turf War" | Bill Lawrence | Sean Russell | April 26, 2007 (2007-04-26) | 618 | 4.65 |
| Elliot's wild sorority sister, Melody (Keri Russell) comes to town. Not able to deal with being the fifth wheel, J.D. turns the girls against each other in the hopes that he will once again be Elliot's priority friend and he might get to "mack" it with Melody. Meanwhile, Turk and Dr. Cox go head-to-head when they disagree over whether or not a patient requested surgery is necessary. Elsewhere, Carla discovers an unlikely ghost haunting pediatrics in an attempt to keep it clean. | | | | | | | |
| 136 | 19 | "My Cold Shower" | John Inwood | Janae Bakken | May 3, 2007 (2007-05-03) | 619 | 4.95 |
| When Elliot's engagement ring does not fit, Keith agrees to a "redo" in which Elliot plans her own engagement. Carla, Jordan and Elliot's sorority sister Melody gather to help plan the "surprise." Meanwhile, the men of Sacred Heart are suffering from too much talk and not enough action: J.D. keeps trying to take it past "macking" with Melody, but she keeps shooting him down, Turk and Carla have not been intimate since their daughter was born, and Dr. Kelso's internet is down — resulting in a lot of cold showers. With Elliot's engagement, her colleagues all fantasize about being married to her, each with their own personal twist. | | | | | | | |
| 137 | 20 | "My Conventional Wisdom" | Michael McDonald | Bill Callahan | May 10, 2007 (2007-05-10) | 620 | 5.31 |
| As Elliot begins to plan her wedding with Keith, J.D. continues to question his true feelings for her. In an attempt to ease his best friend's mind Turk takes him to a surgeon's convention in Phoenix, but the plan backfires when J.D. runs into his ex-girlfriend Kim and discovers that she had lied to him and is, in fact, still pregnant with their child. Meanwhile, Kelso and his cronies party it up at the convention while unknown to him, the Janitor takes on the role of chief of medicine back at Sacred Heart. | | | | | | | |
| 138 | 21 | "My Rabbit" | John Putch | Kevin Biegel & Aseem Batra | May 17, 2007 (2007-05-17) | 621 | 5.28 |
| J.D. learns that Kim's baby is a boy but is unsure of whether he could ever trust her enough to be with her. But then Turk and Cox teach J.D. a lesson about fatherhood. Meanwhile, Carla is supposed to plan Elliot's bachelorette party, but Elliot keeps taking over. | | | | | | | |
| 139 | 22 | "My Point of No Return" | Linda Mendoza | Neil Goldman & Garrett Donovan | May 17, 2007 (2007-05-17) | 622 | 5.28 |
| J.D. and Kim move in together as Elliot and Keith continue to plan their wedding, but as they each take big steps in their lives, J.D. and Elliot begin to panic and wonder if they really belong with their respective partners. Janitor and his new Brain Trust try to make Keith a better husband. Meanwhile, Dr. Cox continues to be angry that J.D. is his daughter's godfather. | | | | | | | |

### Notes

* denotes a "supersized" episode, running an extended length of 25–28 minutes.

General references

## InfoBox

| *Scrubs* | |
| --- | --- |
| Season 6 | |
| DVD cover | |
| No. of episodes | 22 |
| Release | |
| Original network | NBC |
| Original release | November 30, 2006 (2006-11-30)
May 17, 2007 (2007-05-17) |
| Season chronology | |
|


title: Faro Annie

abstract: Faro Annie is the 1971 solo album by British folk musician John Renbourn. On this release, Renbourn ventures into folk rock and blues territory. There is also heavy use of the sitar on this album, played by Renbourn himself. He is joined on the album by Pentangle bandmates Danny Thompson and Terry Cox.

text:
# Faro Annie

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| *Christgau's Record Guide* | B+ |

***Faro Annie*** is the 1971 solo album by British folk musician John Renbourn. On this release, Renbourn ventures into folk rock and blues territory. There is also heavy use of the sitar on this album, played by Renbourn himself. He is joined on the album by Pentangle bandmates Danny Thompson and Terry Cox.

## Track listing

Side one
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "White House Blues" | Traditional | 3:38 |
| 2. | "Buffalo Skinners" | Traditional Woody Guthrie | 3:40 |
| 3. | "Kokomo Blues" | Mississippi Fred McDowell, Kokomo Arnold, Traditional | 3:56 |
| 4. | "Little Sadie" | Traditional | 3:19 |
| 5. | "Shake Shake Mama" | Traditional | 3:27 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6. | "Willy O' Winsbury" | Traditional | 5:39 |
| 7. | "The Cuckoo" | Traditional | 3:59 |
| 8. | "Come On in My Kitchen" | Robert Johnson | 3:54 |
| 9. | "Country Blues" | Traditional, Dock Boggs | 3:38 |
| 10. | "Faro Annie" | John Renbourn, Danny Thompson, Terry Cox, Sue Draheim | 3:27 |
| 11. | "Back on the Road Again" | Traditional, Ian Campbell | 3:11 |
| Total length: | | | 41:35 |

## Personnel

* John Renbourn - guitar, sitar, harmonica, lead vocals
* Danny Thompson \- bass on "Shake Shake Mamma" and "Faro Annie"
* Sue Draheim \- fiddle on "Little Sadie", "Willy O'Winsbury" and "Country Blues"
* Pete Dyer - harmonica on "Kokomo Blues" and "Come On in My Kitchen"
* Terry Cox \- drums on "Shake Shake Mamma" and "Faro Annie"
* Dorris Henderson \- vocals on "White House Blues", "Kokomo Blues" and "Back on the Road Again"

## Production

* Producer: Bill Leader
* Recording Engineer: Nic Kinsey
* Art Direction: John Ashcroft
* Photography: Shepard Sherbell, Janet Kerr
* Liner notes: Colin Harper

## InfoBox

| Faro Annie | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by John Renbourn | |
| Released | 1971 |
| Recorded | 1971 |
| Studio | Livingston Studios, New Barnet, London |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 41:35 |
| Label | Transatlantic (U.K.)
Reprise (U.S./Canada) |
| Producer | Bill Leader |
| John Renbourn chronology | |
| *The Lady and the Unicorn*
(1970) ***Faro Annie***
(1971) *So Clear*
(1973) | |


abstract: Chicken: The Dangerous Transformation of America's Favorite Food is a non-fiction book by Steve Striffler. It was first published by Yale University Press in 2005.

text:
# Chicken: The Dangerous Transformation of America's Favorite Food

***Chicken: The Dangerous Transformation of America's Favorite Food*** is a non-fiction book by Steve Striffler. It was first published by Yale University Press in 2005.

## Summary

At the beginning of the book the author says, "I used to eat chicken without much thought about where it came from, or how and by whom it was raised and processed. Life was much easier then." The book examines the chicken industry of the United States. The book is divided into two parts. The first part talks about the production and consumption of chicken. The second part talks about the workers participation in the production. The chicken industry has grown since World War II. The chicken industry is competitive and has disturbing labor strategies.

## Reception

* It was reviewed by Southern Methodist University.
* An Abolitionist Online review says, "I recommend Steve Striffler's book Chicken as a worthwhile contribution to this ongoing discussion."
* An *American Ethnologist* review says, "As a supplementary reader, this book would be a valuable addition to sociology, anthropology, and food studies courses."

## InfoBox

Chicken: The Dangerous Transformation of America's Favorite Food
| Author | Steve Striffler |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Yale University Press |
| Publication date | 2005 |
| ISBN | 9780300095296 |


title: Richard Schlesinger (journalist)

abstract: Richard Schlesinger is an American retired television news reporter and correspondent for the CBS crime documentary show 48 Hours.

text:
# Richard Schlesinger (journalist)

**Richard Schlesinger** is an American retired television news reporter and correspondent for the CBS crime documentary show *48 Hours*.

## Early life and education

Schlesinger was born in New York. He graduated from White Plains Senior High School in 1972 and graduated from The University of Missouri with a bachelor's degree in journalism in 1976.

## Career

After graduation in 1976, Schlesinger joined Miami-based WPLG-TV as a political reporter, where he won Sigma Delta Chi Award. In 1980, he was hired as Washington bureau chief for the Post-Newsweek Television Stations and worked there until 1984, when he joined CBS News. At CBS, Schlesinger was based in Miami and covered stories throughout the southeastern United States and South America. From 1987–1990, he was a correspondent at CBS News Northeast bureau, also working as an investigative reporter for the *CBS Evening News* and as a substitute anchor for morning news and weekend editions of the news.

From 1990 through 1997, he was a full-time correspondent for *48 Hours*. His reports included cases of innocent Americans behind bars, marriage and divorce in 1990s and the recession of the middle class. Schlesinger reported for a two-hours CBS documentary *CBS Reports: "Enter the Jury Room"*, for which he won Alfred I. duPont–Columbia University Award. The documentary examined the jury system in US and was given access to the actual jury deliberations for the first time in the television industry.

He has received 10 Emmy Awards throughout his career. Apart from his reports to 48 Hours, Schlesinger also contributes to *CBS News Sunday Morning.*

He retired from CBS News in 2022.

## InfoBox

| Richard Schlesinger | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1 October 1954
New York |
| Alma mater | University of Missouri |
| Occupation(s) | News anchor, reporter, correspondent of *48 Hours* |
| Notable credit(s) | Emmy Award,
Sigma Delta Chi Award,
Alfred I. duPont–Columbia University Award |