title: Electoral history of George Grey

abstract: This is a summary of the electoral history of Sir George Grey, Prime Minister of New Zealand, (1877–1879). He represented six electorates during his political career.

text:
# Electoral history of George Grey

This is a summary of the **electoral history of Sir George Grey**, Prime Minister of New Zealand, (1877–1879). He represented six electorates during his political career.

## Parliamentary elections

Grey's first electoral contest in 1870 was fought in the United Kingdom parliamentary constituency of Newark. Subsequent electoral contests were all in New Zealand.

### 1870 by-election

1870 Newark by-election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **Samuel Bristowe** | **827** | **54.0** | **+17.8** |
|  | Conservative | William Campbell Sleigh | 653 | 42.6 |  |
|  | Independent Liberal | Sir George Grey | 52 | 3.4 |  |
| Majority | | | 174 | 11.4 | +4.9 |
| Turnout | | | 1,532 | 85.0 | +3.7 |
| Registered electors | | | 1,803 |  |  |

### 1875 by-election

1875 Auckland West by-election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Sir George Grey** | **Unopposed** |  |  |
| Registered electors | | |  |  |  |

### 1876 election

1876 general election, Auckland West
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Sir George Greya** | **Unopposed** |  |  |
|  | **Independent** | **Patrick Dignan** | **Unopposed** |  |  |
| Registered electors | | |  |  |  |

a Grey resigned from the Auckland West seat after he was elected in the Thames electorate. A petition against his election for Thames had been filed on the following day, on the grounds that he had already been elected in Auckland West (see 1875–1876 New Zealand general election). This was unresolved for several months, and Grey telegrammed in June that he chose to represent Auckland West. However when the committee reported on 8 July that his election for Thames was valid but that he had to choose which electorate to represent, he telegrammed that he chose to represent Thames. A by-election (1876 Auckland West by-election) was held to replace Grey in Auckland West.

1876 general election, Thames
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Sir George Grey** | **984** | **67.53** |  |
|  | **Independent** | **William Rowe** | **862** | **59.16** |  |
|  | Independent | Sir Julius Vogel | 685 | 47.01 |  |
|  | Independent | C F Mitchell | 330 | 22.64 |  |
|  | Independent | C O'Neil | 26 | 1.78 |  |
|  | Independent | C Cornes | 20 | 1.37 |  |
|  | Independent | S Stephenson | 7 | 0.48 |  |
| Majority | | | 177 | 12.14 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,457 |  |  |

### 1879 election

1879 general election, Thames
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Sir George Grey** | **Unopposed** |  |  |
|  | **Independent** | **John Sheehan** | **Unopposed** |  |  |
| Registered electors | | |  |  |  |

1879 general election, Christchurch
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Sir George Greyb** | **1,315** | **70.58** |  |
|  | **Independent** | **Samuel Paull Andrews** | **1,250** | **67.09** |  |
|  | **Independent** | **Edward Cephas John Stevens** | **1,250** | **67.09** |  |
|  | Independent | Edward Richardson | 1,227 | 65.86 |  |
|  | Independent | Treadwell | 548 | 29.41 |  |
| Majority | | | 22 | 1.1 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,863 |  |  |

b Grey was unseated on petition in Christchurch, as he had already been elected in the Thames electorate. The committee decision (decided on the chairman's casting vote after a split three-three committee vote; see 1879 New Zealand general election) was the opposite to the decision on the 1876 petition.

### 1881 election

1881 general election, Auckland East
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Sir George Grey** | **349** | **52.57** |  |
|  | Independent | J M Clark | 315 | 47.43 |  |
| Majority | | | 34 | 5.12 |  |
| Turnout | | | 664 | 71.78 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 925 |  |  |

### 1884 election

1884 general election, Auckland East
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Sir George Grey** | **Unopposed** |  |  |
| Registered electors | | | 1,331 |  |  |

### 1887 election

1887 general election, Auckland Central
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Sir George Grey** | **Unopposed** |  |  |
| Registered electors | | | 1,782 |  |  |

### 1891 by-election

1891 Newton by-election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Sir George Grey** | **Unopposed** |  |  |
| Registered electors | | | 2,088 |  |  |

### 1893 election

1893 general election: City of Auckland
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Sir George Grey** | **6,379** | **62.57** |  |
|  | **Conservative** | **William Crowther** | **4,584** | **44.96** |  |
|  | **Conservative** | **Charles Button** | **4,214** | **41.34** |  |
|  | Conservative | Thomas Tudehope | 4,146 | 40.67 |  |
|  | Liberal | Thomas Thompson | 3,950 | 38.75 | −20.23 |
|  | Liberal | William Joseph Napier | 3,531 | 34.64 | −7.18 |
|  | Independent Liberal | Edward Withy | 2,393 | 23.47 |  |
|  | Liberal | John Shera | 793 | 7.78 | −55.85 |
|  | Liberal | Samuel Vaile | 502 | 4.92 |  |
|  | Liberal | Thomas Fernandez | 92 | 0.90 |  |
| Majority | | | 68 | 0.67 |  |
| Turnout | | | 10,195 | 60.73 | +14.30 |
| Registered electors | | | 16,788 |  |  |

* Wilson, James Oakley (1985) \[First ed. published 1913\]. *New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984* (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.


title: Ruth Narramore

abstract: Ruth Elliott Narramore was the editor of the Angel award-winning Psychology For Living Magazine from 1982 to 1999. Before then she co-wrote and edited books for her husband, Dr. Clyde Narramore. Earlier, she conducted and wrote instrumental arrangements for the orchestra at the Eagle Rock Baptist Church in Los Angeles. Prior to that, she was a trumpeter and vocalist for Jack Wyrtzen's traveling music group at Word of Life in Schroon Lake, New York. Ruth was the sister of Dr. Rev. Gordon Elliott, a career minister and professor at the Fruitland Baptist Bible Institute in Hendersonville, North Carolina. For 64 years she was married to pioneering Christian psychologist Dr. Clyde M. Narramore. The Narramores had two children, Melodie and Kevin. Melodie was a Gospel recording artist with the Bread 'N Honey Music Label and was the Director of Theater Arts at California Baptist University until her death in 2007. Kevin, a musician, behavioral scientist, author and medical researcher directs the Narramore Institute in Los Angeles. In the 1950s, Clyde and Ruth created the Narramore Christian Foundation and the international radio broadcast Psychology for Living. In addition to co-authoring several books with her husband, Ruth Narramore wrote poetry throughout her life. Influenced by the style of Ogden Nash, Ruth's poetry collection Come Share My Joy blends a whimsical Joie de vivre with heartfelt spiritual and existential reflection.

text:
# Ruth Narramore

**Ruth Elliott Narramore** (August 23, 1923 – May 30, 2010) was the editor of the Angel award-winning *Psychology For Living* Magazine from 1982 to 1999. Before then she co-wrote and edited books for her husband, Dr. Clyde Narramore. Earlier, she conducted and wrote instrumental arrangements for the orchestra at the Eagle Rock Baptist Church in Los Angeles. Prior to that, she was a trumpeter and vocalist for Jack Wyrtzen's traveling music group at Word of Life in Schroon Lake, New York.

Ruth was the sister of Dr. Rev. Gordon Elliott, a career minister and professor at the Fruitland Baptist Bible Institute in Hendersonville, North Carolina. For 64 years she was married to pioneering Christian psychologist Dr. Clyde M. Narramore. The Narramores had two children, Melodie and Kevin. Melodie was a Gospel recording artist with the Bread 'N Honey Music Label and was the Director of Theater Arts at California Baptist University until her death in 2007. Kevin, a musician, behavioral scientist, author and medical researcher directs the Narramore Institute in Los Angeles. In the 1950s, Clyde and Ruth created the Narramore Christian Foundation and the international radio broadcast *Psychology for Living*.

In addition to co-authoring several books with her husband, Ruth Narramore wrote poetry throughout her life. Influenced by the style of Ogden Nash, Ruth's poetry collection *Come Share My Joy* blends a whimsical Joie de vivre with heartfelt spiritual and existential reflection.

## Early life

Six months after her birth in Brooklyn, New York, Ruth and her missionary parents, Edwin and Alice Elliott, ventured across the pacific on the Canadian ocean liner, the RMS Empress of Asia arriving in Tianjin, China. At age two, Ruth was speaking both Mandarin Chinese and English. Her best friends were Chinese even though they referred to her as a "Little Foreign Devil". Growing up in China, Ruth Elliott observed her father as he designed and built everything from prosthetic limbs for the handicapped to church structures. Her sister, Winnifred, was born in China but died at the age of three. Here, the Elliotts learned to sacrifice for a greater cause as her parents had dedicated their lives to helping the Chinese people.

As the Japanese moved into China in the thirties, foreign consulates urged their citizens to leave the country, since their safety could no longer be guaranteed. As a result, her family returned to New York, where her brother, Gordon Elliott, was born. In the New York City School system Ruth's creative talents clearly emerged as she began to win citywide awards for her artwork.

Ruth attended King's College, and received her master's degree in music education from Columbia University. The list of musical instruments that she since learned to play included: trumpet, piano, organ, harp, vibraharp, cello, Swiss bells and alpenhorn. During WWII Ruth met a young Naval officer, Clyde M. Narramore at a Jack Wyrtzen rally at Times Square in New York City. They dated and were married in 1946 in Manhattan, NY.

## Poetry

Ruth Elliott Narramore's poetry was known for its clever wit, heartfelt warmth and keen insights and observations into life, family and faith.

In *Come Share My Joy*, Narramore authored a collection of 77 poems on the wonder of growing up, family, motherhood, faith, and comfort. Her stories always affirmed God's unconditional love and wisdom. The book includes 23 art illustrations from artist, Freiman Stoltzfus, known for his Amish-Mennonite influences.

In the book, her poems are divided into seven areas of life:

1. Home and Family
2. Friendships and Relationships
3. Christmas and Easter
4. Daily Living
5. Our Relationship to God
6. The World Around Us
7. Just For Fun

> **Lost Identity**
>
> To Have to be what I am not
> Is much too hard for me.
> Pretending to be someone else
> I wasn't meant to be
> Is not a role for simple folk
> Like me, who cannot see
> A whit of benefit derived
>
> From lost identity!

> **God Knows My Heart**
>
> God knows my heart--
> From Him I cannot hide
> One secret small.
> Before Him, all
> My thoughts are open wide.
>
> God knows my heart--
> When others cannot know
> The pain I bear,
> Or seem to care--
> God understands my woe.
>
> God knows my heart--
> And sees my every flaw;
> Yet loves me still
> And always will,
> Supplanting grace for law.
>
> God knows my heart--
> Far better than I do
> Then so I must
> My Savior trust,
>
> If my heart would be true!

> **Ask Me Not to Write a Poem**
>
> "Please write a poem for Mother's Day,"
> Asked Mrs. Thus-and-so.
> I tried – I toiled – I labored on
> But words refused to flow!
>
> I struggled to write something down--
> 'Twas maundlin and 'twas trite.
> I wore a dozen pencils out,
> But nothing came out right.
>
> The topic wasn't what was wrong:
> (The books are on my shelf).
> It's hard to pen a mother's praise
> When I am one myself.
>
> I'm surely not the heroine
> A poem would make of me,
> And many mothers have their flaws
> If truth be known – and free.
>
> Yet motherhood I do adore,
> And I, for one, am for it.
> But ask me not to write a poem.
>
> Good heavens, I deplore it!

## InfoBox

| Ruth Elliott Narramore | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Ruth Elliott
(1923-08-23)August 23, 1923
Brooklyn, New York |
| Died | May 30, 2010(2010-05-30) (aged 86)
Pasadena, California |
| Occupation | * Poet * radio broadcaster * musician |
| Spouse | Clyde M. Narramore |
| Children | Melodie Narramore Yocum
Dr. Kevin Narramore |


title: Clathroporinopsis

abstract: Clathroporinopsis is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown, and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.

text:
# Clathroporinopsis

***Clathroporinopsis*** is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (*incertae sedis*), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.

## InfoBox

| *Clathroporinopsis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Incertae sedis |
| Order: | Incertae sedis |
| Family: | Incertae sedis |
| Genus: | ***Clathroporinopsis***<br>M. Choisy |
|


abstract: The Journal of International Business Studies is a double blind peer-reviewed academic journal published by Palgrave Macmillan on behalf of the Academy of International Business covering research on international business. The journal was established in 1970 and the editor-in-chief is Rosalie L. Tung.

text:
# Journal of International Business Studies

The ***Journal of International Business Studies*** is a double blind peer-reviewed academic journal published by Palgrave Macmillan on behalf of the Academy of International Business covering research on international business. The journal was established in 1970 and the editor-in-chief is Rosalie L. Tung (Simon Fraser University).

## Editors

The following persons are or have been editors-in-chief:

## JIBS Decade Award

The "JIBS Decade Award" was established in 1996 to recognize the most influential paper published in the volume a decade prior. The award is sponsored by Palgrave Macmillan. A selection committee evaluates the five most cited papers of the year and decides on the most influential paper. A special session is held at the Academy's annual conference including a presentation from the award winner and additional commentary. In 2009, the Decade Award was extended to include the 1970–1985 volumes of the journal.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:

According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 11.6.

## InfoBox

*Journal of International Business Studies*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Discipline | International business, management |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Rosalie L. Tung |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1970–present |
| Publisher | Palgrave Macmillan for the Academy of International Business |
| Frequency | 9/year |
| Open access | Hybrid |
| Impact factor | 11.6 (2022) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *J. Int. Bus. Stud.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 0047-2506 (print)
1478-6990 (web)
 |
| LCCN | 98657338 |
| JSTOR | 00472506 |
| OCLC no. | 1604487 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: There You Are (Goo Goo Dolls song)

abstract: "There You Are" is the debut single by the Goo Goo Dolls. It was the trio's first single and first music video released. It was the first and only single from their third album, Hold Me Up.

text:
# There You Are (Goo Goo Dolls song)

"**There You Are**" is the debut single by the Goo Goo Dolls. It was the trio's first single and first music video released.

It was the first and only single from their third album, *Hold Me Up*.

## Music video

The music video for "There You Are" features the band members playing at Pilot Field in their hometown of Buffalo, New York.

## Track listing

1. "There You Are" - 3:07

## Cassette promo track listing

1. "There You Are" - 3:07
2. "On Your Side" - 3:05
3. "Sad Letters" by "Junk monkeys" - 3:05
4. "Funhouse" by "Junk monkeys"- ?:??

## Personnel

## Charts

| Chart (1991) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Alternative Airplay (*Billboard*) | 24 |

## InfoBox

| "There You Are" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Goo Goo Dolls | |
| from the album  *Hold Me Up* | |
| Released | 1990 |
| Recorded | 1990 |
| Genre | Alternative Rock |
| Length | 3:40 |
| Label | Metal Blade Records |
| Songwriter(s) | John Rzeznik, Robby Takac, George Tutuska |
| Goo Goo Dolls singles chronology | |
| "**There You Are**"
(1990) "I'm Awake Now"
(1991) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "There You Are" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Collita vetusta

abstract: Collita vetusta is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Japan, the Russian Far East, northern China and Korea. The wingspan is 33–38 mm.

text:
# Collita vetusta

***Collita vetusta*** is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Yakushima), the Russian Far East, northern China and Korea.

The wingspan is 33–38 mm.

## Subspecies

* *Collita vetusta vetusta* (Russian Far East, northern China and Korea)
* *Collita vetusta aegrota* (Butler, 1877) (Japan)

## InfoBox

| *Collita vetusta* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Collita* |
| Species: | ***C. vetusta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Collita vetusta***<br>(Walker, 1854) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Lithosia vetusta* Walker, 1854 * *Lithosia griseola var. amurensis* Staudinger, 1892 * *Lithosia aegrota* Butler, 1877 * *Lithosia adaucta* Butler, 1877 | |


title: Spędy

abstract: Spędy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wilczęta, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

text:
# Spędy

**Spędy** \[ˈspɛndɨ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wilczęta, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

## InfoBox

| Spędy | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Spędy | |
| Coordinates: 54°08′20″N 19°56′36″E / 54.13889°N 19.94333°E / 54.13889; 19.94333 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Braniewo |
| Gmina | Wilczęta |
| Population | 160 |


title: Civitella in Val di Chiana

abstract: Civitella in Val di Chiana, often also Civitella di Val di Chiana, is a comune in the province of Arezzo, south of Arezzo in Tuscany, Italy. It is one of the best-preserved of the network of Lombard fortresses of the 6th and the 7th century in central Italy, strategically placed to control the whole territory. The characteristic elliptical shape of the military settlements can still be seen in the layout of the town walls.

text:
# Civitella in Val di Chiana

**Civitella in Val di Chiana** (official name), often also **Civitella di Val di Chiana**, is a *comune* in the province of Arezzo, south of Arezzo in Tuscany, Italy. It is one of the best-preserved of the network of Lombard fortresses of the 6th and the 7th century in central Italy, strategically placed to control the whole territory. The characteristic elliptical shape of the military settlements can still be seen in the layout of the town walls.

## History

Already inhabited in Roman times, it was occupied and fortified by the Lombards in the 6th century. In the 11th century it became a possession of the Bishops of Arezzo, and renamed "Civitella del Vescovo" ("Little Bishop's City"). In the 13th century the city was destroyed after the battle of Pieve al Toppo, cited by Dante Alighieri and fought nearby between Arezzo and Siena. After the Aretine defeat at Campaldino (1289) the city was annexed by Florence. In 1311 Arezzo regained it, holding until 1348, whenceforth it remained the seat of a Florentine podestà. Civitella enjoys one of the most scenic views of the Arezzo valley.

On 29 June 1944, 244 citizens of Civitella were massacred by soldiers of the Hermann Göring Division, in retaliation for the killing of two German soldiers at the hands of partisans. In 1963, the city received the Gold Medal for Civilian Valour. A book by Enzo Gradassi about Helga Elmqvist (the Swede) and Giovanni Cau, recounts the historic events that led to the massacre.

The city council has also opened a room of memories.

On 10 October 2006, SS Max Josef Milde was convicted by the Italian military court of La Spezia for his role in the Civitella massacre. The Italian Court of Cassation in October 2008 ruled that Germany was to pay one million dollars to 203 victims of the massacre. However, the International Court of Justice later ruled that Italy was required to void the judgment out of respect for Germany's state immunity.

The town's cemetery is the resting place of the Scottish writer Muriel Spark.

## Main sights

* The Castle, erected in 1048 and surrounded by a massive line of walls. It was used as headquarters by the German army during World War II, and was destroyed by an Allied bombing in 1944. It has never been rebuilt.
* Palazzo Pretorio (14th century)
* The church of Santa Maria Assunta (11th century), finished in Romanesque style in 1252. It was restored in 1765 and enlarged in 1875. In 1934 two small side naves were added which were rebuilt after the destruction caused by the air raid in 1944.

## International relations

### Sister cities

Civitella in Val di Chiana is twinned with:

## InfoBox

| Civitella in Val di Chiana | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Civitella in Val di Chiana | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Civitella in Val di Chiana | |
| Civitella in Val di ChianaLocation of Civitella in Val di Chiana in ItalyCivitella in Val di ChianaCivitella in Val di Chiana (Tuscany) | |
| Coordinates: 43°25′N 11°43′E / 43.417°N 11.717°E / 43.417; 11.717 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Tuscany |
| Province | Arezzo (AR) |
| *Frazioni* | Albergo, Badia al Pino (communal seat), Ciggiano, Oliveto, Pieve a Maiano, Pieve al Toppo, San Pancrazio, Spoiano, Tegoleto, Tuori, Viciomaggio. |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Ginetta Menchetti |
| Area | |
| Total | 100.37 km2 (38.75 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 280 m (920 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2013) | |
| Total | 9,091 |
| Density | 91/km2 (230/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Civitellini |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 52040 |
| Dialing code | 0575 |
| Saint day | August 24 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Sproul House

abstract: Sproul House a Stick Style, Victorian farm house built in 1870 in the present-day City of Norwalk in Los Angeles County, California by the founder of the city for himself and his family. It houses the Gilbert Sproul Museum containing the family's original furniture, much of which dates back to 1870, along with one-of-a-kind materials relating to the history of Norwalk, such as maps, early school pictures, and other city photographs. In addition, there are displays of historical dolls, guns, and a rare collection of First Nations artefacts.

text:
# Sproul House

**Sproul House** a Stick Style, Victorian farm house built in 1870 in the present-day City of Norwalk in Los Angeles County, California by the founder of the city for himself and his family. It houses the Gilbert Sproul Museum containing the family's original furniture, much of which dates back to 1870, along with one-of-a-kind materials relating to the history of Norwalk, such as maps, early school pictures, and other city photographs. In addition, there are displays of historical dolls, guns, and a rare collection of First Nations artefacts.

## Early years

Gilbert Sproul's attempted settlement in Humboldt, California coincided with the Bald Hills War. After a deadly attack on his settlement by Eel River Athapaskan peoples, Sproul bought 457 acres south of Los Angeles in 1868, built a house and sent for his family. He then set about founding the city of Norwalk. Siting the house in a sycamore grove near the planned path of the Southern Pacific Rail Road(SPRR) along present day Front Street, Sproul sunk several wells which supplied the early township, attracting more residents to whom he would sell portions of the land. In 1875 Sproul deeded 20 acres to SPRR but, crucially, he included a clause compelling SPRR to maintain train service to Sproul's Station where they had previously refused to stop. The grove and house became the site of civic cultural events as well as official city business The town's commercial and civic center grew between the Sproul house and station, and the area remains a main civic and commercial center of the city to this day.

## The Sproul Museum

In 1962, descendant Vida Sproul donated the house to the City of Norwalk and it became the centerpiece of a large historical park and museum showcasing the city's history. The house was moved within its historic lot to approximately 100 yards from its previous location, a historic reproduction barn was built next to it, and corrals populated with farm animals were added. The farm actually raised and produced beef to help fund itself. The whole complex was opened to the public as a museum in 1964. In 1973 the barn exhibit and grounds were improved to look more like a western style rancho barn, and another exhibit was added inside the barn illustrating the agricultural period of Norwalk through equipment, implements and tools arranged in various interpretive displays. The Sproul Historic Park now boasted the Gilbert Sproul House Museum, the Norwalk Animal Farm and the Interpretive Barn exhibit.

## InfoBox

| Gilbert Sproul House | |
| --- | --- |
| Sproul House / Gilbert Sproul Museum | |
| Location | 12237 Sproul St Norwalk, California |
| Coordinates | 33°55′34.8636″N 118°4′18.2028″W / 33.926351000°N 118.071723000°W / 33.926351000; -118.071723000 |
| Built | 1870 |
| Architect | Ashley Bliss |
| Architectural style(s) | Stick Style, Tudor Revival |
| Owner | City of Norwalk, California |
|  | |
| Location of Gilbert Sproul House in the Los Angeles metropolitan areaSproul House (California)Sproul House (the United States) | |


title: Claudette Holmes

abstract: Claudette May Holmes is a British photographer. Her work, which uses elements of montage and hand-colouring, has challenged stereotypical representations of Black British people.

text:
# Claudette Holmes

**Claudette May Holmes** (born 1962) is a British photographer. Her work, which uses elements of montage and hand-colouring, has challenged stereotypical representations of Black British people.

## Life

Claudette Holmes was born in 1962 in Birmingham, England. In the early 1980s she worked in community arts in Birmingham. In 1982, she exhibited in *Closing the Gap* at the University of Aston and Herbert Art Gallery, Coventry.

In 1990, Holmes was among several female black and Asian photographers featured in the documentary *Sistren in Photography*. The 1993 exhibition *From Negative Stereotype to Positive Image* included her work alongside that of three other Birmingham photographers: Sir Benjamin Stone (1838–1914), Ernest Dyche (1887–1973) and Vanley Burke (born 1951). In 1996, she won the Chrissie Bailey Photography and Education Award.

## Exhibitions


title: Clepsis hohuanshanensis

abstract: Clepsis hohuanshanensis is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Taiwan.

text:
# Clepsis hohuanshanensis

***Clepsis hohuanshanensis*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Taiwan.

## InfoBox

| *Clepsis hohuanshanensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Clepsis* |
| Species: | ***C. hohuanshanensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Clepsis hohuanshanensis***<br>Kawabe, 1985 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Clepsis hohaunshanensis* | |


abstract: St. Frances Cabrini Catholic Church is a historic Catholic church building in Omaha, Nebraska, United States. It was formerly the cathedral of the Diocese of Omaha and was named St. Philomena's Cathedral at that time. The church and the rectory are listed on the National Register of Historic Places and are also Omaha Landmarks under the St. Philomena name.

text:
# St. Frances Cabrini Catholic Church (Omaha, Nebraska)

**St. Frances Cabrini Catholic Church** is a historic Catholic church building in Omaha, Nebraska, United States. It was formerly the cathedral of the Diocese of Omaha and was named **St. Philomena's Cathedral** at that time. The church and the rectory are listed on the National Register of Historic Places and are also Omaha Landmarks under the St. Philomena name.

## History

The Spanish Renaissance Revival style church was built in 1908 as St. Philomena's Cathedral. It served the Diocese of Omaha as its cathedral church until St. Cecilia's Cathedral was substantially completed in 1916. The church was designed by Omaha architect Thomas Rogers Kimball. The name of the church was changed in 1958 to honor the first American citizen to be canonized a saint, Frances Xavier Cabrini. It was named an Omaha Landmark in 1979 and it was added to the National Register in 1980.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| St. Philomena's Cathedral and Rectory | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| Omaha Landmark | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 1335 S. 10th St.<br>Omaha, Nebraska |
| Coordinates | 41°14′45.26″N 95°55′43.89″W / 41.2459056°N 95.9288583°W / 41.2459056; -95.9288583 |
| Built | 1908 (1908) |
| Architect | Thomas Rogers Kimball |
| Architectural style | Spanish Renaissance Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 80002451 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | January 3, 1980 |
| Designated OMAL | February 13, 1979 |


title: Clarkenia miramundi

abstract: Clarkenia miramundi is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in El Salvador.

text:
# Clarkenia miramundi

***Clarkenia miramundi*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in El Salvador.

## InfoBox

| *Clarkenia miramundi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Clarkenia* |
| Species: | ***C. miramundi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Clarkenia miramundi***<br>Razowski, 1988 | |
|


title: Clausura 2018 Liga MX final phase

abstract: The Clausura 2018 Liga MX championship stage commonly known as Liguilla (playoffs) was played from 2 May 2018 to 20 May 2018. A total of eight teams competed in the championship stage to decide the champions of the Clausura 2018 Liga MX season. Both finalists qualified to the 2019 CONCACAF Champions League.

text:
# Clausura 2018 Liga MX final phase

The **Clausura 2018 Liga MX** championship stage commonly known as ***Liguilla*** (playoffs) was played from 2 May 2018 to 20 May 2018. A total of eight teams competed in the championship stage to decide the champions of the Clausura 2018 Liga MX season. Both finalists qualified to the 2019 CONCACAF Champions League.

## Qualified teams

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Toluca | 17 | 11 | 3 | 3 | 24 | 13 | +11 | 36 | Advance to Liguilla |
| 2 | América | 17 | 7 | 8 | 2 | 24 | 14 | +10 | | 29 |
| 3 | Monterrey | 17 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 30 | 21 | +9 | | 29 |
| 4 | Santos Laguna | 17 | 9 | 2 | 6 | 29 | 20 | +9 | | 29 |
| 5 | UANL | 17 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 23 | 16 | +7 | | 28 |
| 6 | Tijuana | 17 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 18 | 12 | +6 | | 25 |
| 7 | UNAM | 17 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 24 | 24 | 0 | | 24 |
| 8 | Morelia | 17 | 7 | 3 | 7 | 22 | 24 | 2 | | 24 |

Source: Liga MX
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored; 4) Head-to-head results between tied teams; 5) Number of goals scored away; 6) Highest relegation coefficient; 7) Fair Play points

## Format

* Teams are re-seeded each round.
* Team with more goals on aggregate after two matches advances.
* Away goals rule is applied in the quarterfinals and semifinals, but not the final.
* In the quarterfinals and semifinals, if the two teams are tied on aggregate and away goals, the higher seeded team advances.
* In the final, if the two teams are tied after both legs, the match goes to extra time and, if necessary, a shoot-out.
* Both finalists qualify to the 2019 CONCACAF Champions League (in Pot 3).

### Bracket

|  | Quarterfinals | | | | |  |  | Semifinals | | | | |  |  | Finals | | | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 1 | **Toluca** () | 2 | 2 | 4 |  |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | ||
|  | 8 | Morelia | 2 | 2 | 4 |  | ||
|  | | | | | | |  | 1 | **Toluca** | 1 | 4 | 5 |  | |
|  | | | | | | | |  | | | | |  | |
|  | |  |  | 6 | Tijuana | 2 | 1 | 3 |  ||
|  | 3 | | | | | | | | Monterrey | 1 | 1 | 2 |  | |
|  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | |
|  | | 6 | **Tijuana** | 1 | 2 | 3 |  ||
|  | | | | | | |  | 1 | Toluca | 1 | 1 | 2 |  |
|  | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | |  |
|  | |  |  | 4 | **Santos Laguna** | 2 | 1 | 3 |  |
|  | 2 | | | | | | | | **América** | 4 | 2 | 6 |  |  | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |
|  | | 7 | UNAM | 1 | 1 | 2 | |  |
|  | | | | | | |  | 2 | América | 1 | 2 | 3 |  |
|  | | | | | | | |  | | | | |  |
|  | |  |  | 4 | **Santos Laguna** | 4 | 2 | 6 |  |
|  | | | | | | | | | 4 | **Santos Laguna** () | 0 | 2 | 2 |  |
|  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |
|  | | 5 | UANL | 2 | 0 | 2 |  |

## Quarterfinals

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Morelia | 4–4 | **Toluca** () | 2–2 | 2–2 |
| UNAM | 2–6 | **América** | 1–4 | 1–2 |
| **Tijuana** | 3–2 | Monterrey | 1–1 | 2–1 |
| UANL | 2–2 | **Santos Laguna** () | 2–0 | 0–2 |

*All times are UTC−5 except for the match in Tijuana (UTC−7)*

### First leg

| UNAM | 1–4 | América |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Estadio Olímpico Universitario, Mexico CityAttendance: 34,350Referee: Luis Enrique Santander (Guanajuato)

---

| Tijuana | 1–1 | Monterrey |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Estadio Caliente, TijuanaAttendance: 25,333Referee: Adonai Escobedo (Aguascalientes)

---

| UANL | 2–0 | Santos Laguna |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Estadio Universitario, San Nicolás de los GarzaAttendance: 40,094Referee: Diego Montaño (Jalisco)

---

| Morelia | 2–2 | Toluca |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Estadio Morelos, MoreliaAttendance: 19,083Referee: Jorge Antonio Pérez (Veracruz)

### Second leg

| América | 2–1 | UNAM |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Estadio Azteca, Mexico CityAttendance: 41,598Referee: Marco Antonio Ortiz (Durango)

*América won 6–2 on aggregate*

---

| Monterrey | 1–2 | Tijuana |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Estadio BBVA Bancomer, GuadalupeAttendance: 33,790Referee: Fernando Guerrero (Mexico City)

*Tijuana won 3–2 on aggregate*

---

| Toluca | 2–2 | Morelia |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Estadio Nemesio Díez, TolucaAttendance: 23,045Referee: César Arturo Ramos (Sinaloa)

*4–4 on aggregate and tied on away goals. Toluca advanced for being the higher seed in the classification table.*

---

| Santos Laguna | 2–0 | UANL |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Estadio Corona, TorreónAttendance: 26,442Referee: Jorge Isaac Rojas (Mexico City)

*2–2 on aggregate and tied on away goals. Santos Laguna advanced for being the higher seed in the classification table.*

## Semifinals

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Tijuana | 3–5 | **Toluca** | 2–1 | 1–4 |
| **Santos Laguna** | 6–3 | América | 4–1 | 2–2 |

*All times are UTC−5 except for the match in Tijuana (UTC−7)*

### First leg

| Santos Laguna | 4–1 | América |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Estadio Corona, TorreónAttendance: 29,097Referee: César Arturo Ramos (Sinaloa)

---

| Tijuana | 2–1 | Toluca |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Estadio Caliente, TijuanaAttendance: 27,333Referee: Jorge Isaac Rojas (Mexico City)

### Second leg

| Toluca | 4–1 | Tijuana |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Chávez  66' |

Estadio Nemesio Díez, TolucaAttendance: 27,480Referee: Fernando Guerrero (Mexico City)

*Toluca won 5–3 on aggregate*

---

| América | 2–2 | Santos Laguna |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Estadio Azteca, Mexico CityAttendance: 53,218Referee: Jorge Antonio Pérez (Veracruz)

*Santos Laguna won 6–3 on aggregate*

## Finals

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Santos Laguna** | 3–2 | Toluca | 2–1 | 1–1 |

*All times are UTC−5*

### First leg

| Santos Laguna | 2–1 | Toluca |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Estadio Corona, TorreónAttendance: 29,215Referee: Fernando Guerrero (Mexico City)

| GK **1**  Jonathan Orozco  DF **2**  José Abella  DF **24**  Carlos Izquierdoz ()  DF **3**  Gerardo Alcoba  DF **98**  Jesús Angulo  68'  MF **10**  Osvaldo Martínez  MF **23**  José Vázquez  MF **15**  Brian Lozano  FW **13**  Jonathan Rodríguez   64'  FW **9**  Julio Furch  FW **21**  Djaniny   81'  **Substitutions:**  GK **28**  Carlos Acevedo  DF **4**  Jorge Sánchez  DF **19**  Jorge Villafaña  MF **6**  Diego de Buen  MF **7**  Jesús Isijara   64'  MF **27**  Javier Cortés  FW **12**  Edwin Cetré  90+3'  81'  **Manager:**  Robert Siboldi |  | GK **1**  Alfredo Talavera  DF **29**  Rodrigo Salinas  DF **5**  Osvaldo González  DF **3**  Santiago García  90+3'  DF **26**  Cristian Borja  MF **15**  Antonio Ríos  MF **17**  Leonel López  MF **24**  Pablo Barrientos  MF **14**  Rubens Sambueza ()  FW **23**  Luis Quiñones  68'  FW **20**  Fernando Uribe  **Substitutions:**  GK **22**  Luis Manuel García  DF **4**  Maximiliano Perg  DF **33**  Carlos Calvo  MF **28**  Jorge Sartiaguin  FW **7**  Gabriel Hauche  FW **10**  Ángel Reyna  FW **31**  Martín Abundis  **Manager:**  Hernán Cristante |
| --- | --- | --- |

### Second leg

| Toluca | 1–1 | Santos Laguna |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Estadio Nemesio Díez, TolucaAttendance: 31,000Referee: César Arturo Ramos (Sinaloa)

*Santos Laguna won 3–2 on aggregate*

| GK **1**  Alfredo Talavera  DF **29**  Rodrigo Salinas  DF **5**  Osvaldo González  DF **3**  Santiago García   69'  DF **26**  Cristian Borja  MF **15**  Antonio Ríos  MF **17**  Leonel López   46'  MF **14**  Rubens Sambueza ()  84'  MF **24**  Pablo Barrientos   30'  FW **23**  Luis Quiñones  74'  FW **20**  Fernando Uribe  34'  **Substitutions:**  GK **22**  Luis Manuel García  DF **33**  Carlos Calvo  DF **35**  Juan Delgadillo  MF **28**  Jorge Sartiaguin  FW **7**  Gabriel Hauche  90+5'  69'  FW **10**  Ángel Reyna   46'  FW **25**  Alexis Canelo   30'  **Manager:**  Hernán Cristante |  | GK **1**  Jonathan Orozco  85'  DF **2**  José Abella  DF **24**  Carlos Izquierdoz ()  DF **3**  Gerardo Alcoba  DF **98**  Jesús Angulo  77'  MF **10**  Osvaldo Martínez  42'  55'  MF **23**  José Vázquez  MF **15**  Brian Lozano  MF **27**  Javier Cortés   55'  FW **9**  Julio Furch  FW **21**  Djaniny   60'  **Substitutions:**  GK **28**  Carlos Acevedo  DF **19**  Jorge Villafaña   55'  MF **6**  Diego de Buen   55'  MF **7**  Jesús Isijara  MF **16**  Ulíses Rivas  FW **12**  Edwin Cetré  FW **13**  Jonathan Rodríguez  73'  66'  **Manager:**  Robert Siboldi |
| --- | --- | --- |

## Goalscorers

5 goals 4 goals 3 goals 2 goals 1 goal

## InfoBox

Clausura 2018 Liga MX final phase
|
|  |


title: Clayton Valley

abstract: Clayton Valley is a valley in the U.S. state of Nevada. The Silver Peak Range is located west of the valley. The town of Silver Peak, Nevada is located in the valley. Clayton Valley was named after Joshua E. Clayton, an early settler and mining engineer.

text:
# Clayton Valley

**Clayton Valley** is a valley in the U.S. state of Nevada.

The Silver Peak Range is located west of the valley. The town of Silver Peak, Nevada is located in the valley.

Clayton Valley was named after Joshua E. Clayton, an early settler and mining engineer.

## InfoBox

| Clayton Valley | |
| --- | --- |
| Clayton ValleyClayton Valley in Nevada | |
| Floor elevation | 1,300 m (4,300 ft) |
| Geography | |
| Population centers | Silver Peak, Nevada |
| Coordinates | 37°44′37″N 117°35′27″W / 37.74361°N 117.59083°W / 37.74361; -117.59083 |
| Topo map | Alcatraz Island |


title: Classical physics

abstract: Classical physics is a group of physics theories that predate modern, more complete, or more widely applicable theories. If a currently accepted theory is considered to be modern, and its introduction represented a major paradigm shift, then the previous theories, or new theories based on the older paradigm, will often be referred to as belonging to the area of "classical physics". As such, the definition of a classical theory depends on context. Classical physical concepts are often used when modern theories are unnecessarily complex for a particular situation. Most often, classical physics refers to pre-1900 physics, while modern physics refers to post-1900 physics, which incorporates elements of quantum mechanics and relativity.

text:
# Classical physics

**Classical physics** is a group of physics theories that predate modern, more complete, or more widely applicable theories. If a currently accepted theory is considered to be modern, and its introduction represented a major paradigm shift, then the previous theories, or new theories based on the older paradigm, will often be referred to as belonging to the area of "classical physics".

As such, the definition of a classical theory depends on context. Classical physical concepts are often used when modern theories are unnecessarily complex for a particular situation. Most often, *classical physics* refers to pre-1900 physics, while *modern physics* refers to post-1900 physics, which incorporates elements of quantum mechanics and relativity.

## Overview

Classical theory has at least two distinct meanings in physics. In the context of quantum mechanics, classical theory refers to theories of physics that do not use the quantisation paradigm, which includes classical mechanics and relativity. Likewise, classical field theories, such as general relativity and classical electromagnetism, are those that do not use quantum mechanics. In the context of general and special relativity, classical theories are those that obey Galilean relativity.

Depending on point of view, among the branches of theory sometimes included in classical physics are variably:

## Comparison with modern physics

In contrast to classical physics, "modern physics" is a slightly looser term that may refer to just quantum physics or to 20th- and 21st-century physics in general. Modern physics includes quantum theory and relativity, when applicable.

A physical system can be described by classical physics when it satisfies conditions such that the laws of classical physics are approximately valid.

In practice, physical objects ranging from those larger than atoms and molecules, to objects in the macroscopic and astronomical realm, can be well-described (understood) with classical mechanics. Beginning at the atomic level and lower, the laws of classical physics break down and generally do not provide a correct description of nature. Electromagnetic fields and forces can be described well by classical electrodynamics at length scales and field strengths large enough that quantum mechanical effects are negligible. Unlike quantum physics, classical physics is generally characterized by the principle of complete determinism, although deterministic interpretations of quantum mechanics do exist.

From the point of view of classical physics as being non-relativistic physics, the predictions of general and special relativity are significantly different from those of classical theories, particularly concerning the passage of time, the geometry of space, the motion of bodies in free fall, and the propagation of light. Traditionally, light was reconciled with classical mechanics by assuming the existence of a stationary medium through which light propagated, the luminiferous aether, which was later shown not to exist.

Mathematically, classical physics equations are those in which the Planck constant does not appear. According to the correspondence principle and Ehrenfest's theorem, as a system becomes larger or more massive the classical dynamics tends to emerge, with some exceptions, such as superfluidity. This is why we can usually ignore quantum mechanics when dealing with everyday objects and the classical description will suffice. However, one of the most vigorous ongoing fields of research in physics is classical-quantum correspondence. This field of research is concerned with the discovery of how the laws of quantum physics give rise to classical physics found at the limit of the large scales of the classical level.

## Computer modeling and manual calculation, modern and classic comparison

Today, a computer performs millions of arithmetic operations in seconds to solve a classical differential equation, while Newton (one of the fathers of the differential calculus) would take hours to solve the same equation by manual calculation, even if he were the discoverer of that particular equation.

Computer modeling is essential for quantum and relativistic physics. Classical physics is considered the limit of quantum mechanics for a large number of particles. On the other hand, classic mechanics is derived from relativistic mechanics. For example, in many formulations from special relativity, a correction factor (*v*/*c*)2 appears, where *v* is the velocity of the object and *c* is the speed of light. For velocities much smaller than that of light, one can neglect the terms with *c*2 and higher that appear. These formulas then reduce to the standard definitions of Newtonian kinetic energy and momentum. This is as it should be, for special relativity must agree with Newtonian mechanics at low velocities. Computer modeling has to be as real as possible. Classical physics would introduce an error as in the superfluidity case. In order to produce reliable models of the world, one can not use classical physics. It is true that quantum theories consume time and computer resources, and the equations of classical physics could be resorted to in order to provide a quick solution, but such a solution would lack reliability.

Computer modeling would use only the energy criteria to determine which theory to use: relativity or quantum theory, when attempting to describe the behavior of an object. A physicist would use a classical model to provide an approximation before more exacting models are applied and those calculations proceed.

In a computer model, there is no need to use the speed of the object if classical physics is excluded. Low-energy objects would be handled by quantum theory and high-energy objects by relativity theory.


title: St Mary's Church, Stockport

abstract: St Mary's Church is the oldest parish church in the town of Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. It stands in Churchgate overlooking the market place. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building. It is an active Anglican parish church in the diocese of Chester, the archdeaconry of Macclesfield and the deanery of Stockport.

text:
# St Mary's Church, Stockport

**St Mary's Church** is the oldest parish church in the town of Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. It stands in Churchgate overlooking the market place. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building. It is an active Anglican parish church in the diocese of Chester, the archdeaconry of Macclesfield and the deanery of Stockport.

## History

A church was on the site by 1190. A sandstone church was built during the incumbency of Richard de Vernon, 1306–1320 and only its chancel remains. The rest of the present church was built between 1813 and 1817 to the design of Lewis Wyatt. There was a further restoration in 1848 to replace weathered masonry. Further restoration was carried out in 1882. The tower originated in the 14th century and was rebuilt in 1612–16 and again in 1810.

## Architecture

### Structure

The chancel is built in local red sandstone in the decorated style. The rest of the church is Runcorn sandstone in the perpendicular style. Its plan consists of a west tower, a wide nave with galleries, a south porch, and a chancel with a vestry to its north.

### Fittings and furniture

The roof of the chancel is the original single-framed timber roof. In the sanctuary is a double piscina, a large triple sedilia and, in a recess, the damaged effigy of Richard de Vernon, who was rector of Stockport from 1306 to 1334. In the church are several monuments, including one dated 1753 by Daniel Sephton to the memory of William Wright. Other memorials include one to Sir George Warren who died in 1801 by Sir Richard Westmacott depicting a standing female figure by an urn on a pillar, to Rev Charles Prescott who died in 1820, also by Westmacott, showing a seated effigy, to James Antrobus Newton who died in 1823 by Bacon Junior and S. Manning showing a kneeling female figure, and to Mrs Hawall who died in 1852 by Latham of Manchester showing angels hovering over her body. On the chancel arch are the coat of arms of George III in plaster. The parish registers begin in 1584. There is a ring of 10 bells. Seven of these were cast by John Rudhall in 1817 and the other three by John Taylor & Co in 1897.

## External features

The gateway to the church and a nearby drinking fountain are listed at Grade II\*. The gateway was designed by Lewis Wyatt and consists of three pointed archways, with crocketed finials above the centre arch.

A rectory was built for the church in 1744 to replace an earlier timber-framed building of 16th-century origin. It was the home of rectors, and later bishops of Stockport, until the 1950s. It is now part of a Travel Inn and is a Grade II\* listed building. The old ice house still exists within the grounds.

## InfoBox

| St Mary's Church, Stockport | |
| --- | --- |
| St Mary's Church, Stockport, from the south | |
|  | |
| 53°24′40″N 2°09′20″W / 53.411234°N 2.155514°W / 53.411234; -2.155514 | |
| OS grid reference | SJ 898 905 |
| Location | Stockport, Greater Manchester |
| Country | England |
| Denomination | Anglican |
| Churchmanship | Central |
| Website | stmarysinthemarketplace.com |
| History | |
| Status | Parish church |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Active |
| Heritage designation | Grade I |
| Designated | 14 May 1952 |
| Architect(s) | Lewis Wyatt |
| Architectural type | Church |
| Style | Gothic |
| Completed | 1817 |
| Specifications | |
| Materials | Chancel sandstone<br>Rest of church limestone |
| Administration | |
| Province | York |
| Diocese | Chester |
| Archdeaconry | Macclesfield |
| Deanery | Stockport |
| Parish | Stockport and Brinnington |
| Clergy | |
| Rector | vacant |
| Laity | |
| Reader(s) | Rita Waters |
| Churchwarden(s) | Sue Heap & Adam Pinder |


title: St Mary's Church, Stringston

abstract: The Anglican St Mary's Church at Stringston in the English county of Somerset dates from the 17th century. It has been designated as a Grade II listed building. The current building replaced an earlier one linked to Kilve Chantry. Although there is some 17th-century fabric left in the building, most of existing stonework is from the late 19th and early 20th century following a Victorian restoration. The three-stage west tower is supported by diagonal buttresses. Within the churchyard is a cross dating from the 14th century, which is on the Heritage at Risk Register. It has two steps and an octagonal shaft supporting a canopied head. It is Grade II* listed and scheduled as an ancient monument. There is also a chest tomb surrounded by railing. The parish is part of The Quantock Coast Benefice within the archdeaconry of Taunton.

text:
# St Mary's Church, Stringston

The Anglican **St Mary's Church** at Stringston in the English county of Somerset dates from the 17th century. It has been designated as a Grade II listed building.

The current building replaced an earlier one linked to Kilve Chantry. Although there is some 17th-century fabric left in the building, most of existing stonework is from the late 19th and early 20th century following a Victorian restoration. The three-stage west tower is supported by diagonal buttresses.

Within the churchyard is a cross dating from the 14th century, which is on the Heritage at Risk Register. It has two steps and an octagonal shaft supporting a canopied head. It is Grade II\* listed and scheduled as an ancient monument. There is also a chest tomb surrounded by railing.

The parish is part of The Quantock Coast Benefice within the archdeaconry of Taunton.

## InfoBox

| St Mary's Church | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Stringston, Somerset, England |
| Coordinates | 51°10′32″N 3°10′40″W / 51.17556°N 3.17778°W / 51.17556; -3.17778 |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade II | |
| Official name | Church of St Mary |
| Designated | 16 November 1984 |
| Reference no. | 1057383 |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade II\* | |
| Official name | Churchyard Cross, 5 metres South of porch, Church of St Mary |
| Designated | 16 November 1984 |
| Reference no. | 1308144 |
|  | |
| Scheduled monument | |
| Official name | Stringston churchyard cross |
| Reference no. | 1006171 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of St Mary's Church in Somerset | |


title: St Mary's Church, Stogumber

abstract: The Church of St Mary in Stogumber, Somerset, England dates from the late 13th century. It has been designated as a Grade I listed building. The church was founded as a Saxon minster with a chapelry at Bicknoller and other dues payable from property in Monksilver, Clatworthy and Elworthy. The oldest portions of the church are the tower and south porch. The tower can be dated from a will bequeathing money for its construction in 1401. The north aisle is traditionally held to have been built by Cardinal Beaufort as a penance for his behaviour at his hunting lodge Halsway Manor. The red sandstone church was restored in the 1870s to designs by John Dando Sedding. The interior includes a chandelier built around 1770. The font is from the 15th century. The church has a stone pulpit. The churchyard contains the war graves of two Gunners of World War I. The Old Vicarage, which is now a private dwelling, was built in the 15th century. The old brewhouse behind the vicarage is medieval in origin. The parish is part of the Quantock Towers benefice within the Quantock deanery.

text:
# St Mary's Church, Stogumber

The **Church of St Mary** in Stogumber, Somerset, England dates from the late 13th century. It has been designated as a Grade I listed building.

The church was founded as a Saxon minster with a chapelry at Bicknoller and other dues payable from property in Monksilver, Clatworthy and Elworthy.

The oldest portions of the church are the tower and south porch. The tower can be dated from a will bequeathing money for its construction in 1401. The north aisle is traditionally held to have been built by Cardinal Beaufort as a penance for his behaviour at his hunting lodge Halsway Manor. The red sandstone church was restored in the 1870s to designs by John Dando Sedding. The interior includes a chandelier built around 1770. The font is from the 15th century. The church has a stone pulpit.

The churchyard contains the war graves of two Gunners of World War I.

The Old Vicarage, which is now a private dwelling, was built in the 15th century. The old brewhouse behind the vicarage is medieval in origin.

The parish is part of the Quantock Towers benefice within the Quantock deanery.

## InfoBox

| Church of St Mary | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location within Somerset | |
| General information | |
| Town or city | Stogumber |
| Country | England |
| Coordinates | 51°07′40″N 3°17′25″W / 51.1278°N 3.2903°W / 51.1278; -3.2903 |
| Completed | late 13th century |


title: Cleora Clanton

abstract: Cleora Clanton was an American librarian. She helped open a branch library for the community in Dallas, Texas.

text:
# Cleora Clanton

**Cleora Clanton** (October 27, 1891 – September 16, 1968) was an American librarian. She helped open a branch library for the community in Dallas, Texas.

## Early life

Clanton was born on October 27, 1891 to parents Robert Allen Clanton and Susanna Elizabeth Webb in Dallas, Texas.

## Career

In 1915, Clanton began her library career when she accepted a position with the Dallas Public Library. Over the years, she was appointed to branch librarian, assistant librarian, and eventually acting librarian before becoming head of the Dallas Public Library in 1927. After her promotion, she had to face the libraries financial crisis due to a lack of funding. In 1924, she revealed that there was an increase of over 5, 000 book loans from the Dallas Public Library, despite the increased popularity of radio. Although there was an increase, Clanton reported the library needed $25,000 worth of repairs. While she was head of the Dallas Public Library, Clanton was also elected President of the Texas Library Association.

In 1929, Dallas had two libraries, Central and Oak Cliff. Clanton was one of the major advocates for branch libraries. She also created bookmobiles as a resource to reach more of the Dallas population. This was in part due to the drop in library book loans due to WW2. She also actively supported the creation of a library branch to serve Dallas' African-American community. In 1941, Clanton was selected for the Library Publicity Honor Roll.

> “Probably no institution in the city touches the lives of the citizens at more points than the public library”

Clanton on the importance of libraries.

In the 1950s, she fought against the United States censorship of reading materials. She spoke in front of the City Council of Dallas to advocate for the allowance of pamphlet funding of material that the Council deemed "un-American." When ordered to remove Communist material from the library, she refused on the basis that knowledge of Communism was not in itself harmful. In 1955, she retired and was succeeded by James Meeks. Although she was replaced, she kept her role as associate librarian with a salary of $500 a month. Before retiring, she helped lead the campaign for construction of a new library building in downtown Dallas.

## InfoBox

| Cleora Clanton | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1891-10-27)October 27, 1891
Dallas, Texas |
| Died | September 16, 1968(1968-09-16) (aged 76)
Dallas |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | librarian |
| Parent(s) | Robert Allen Clanton and Susanna Elizabeth Webb |


title: Ciężkie

abstract: Ciężkie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wojcieszków, within Łuków County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Wojcieszków, 13 km (8 mi) south of Łuków, and 63 km (39 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin.

text:
# Ciężkie

**Ciężkie** \[ˈt͡ɕɛ̃ʂkʲɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wojcieszków, within Łuków County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Wojcieszków, 13 km (8 mi) south of Łuków, and 63 km (39 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin.

## InfoBox

| Ciężkie | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Ciężkie | |
| Coordinates: 51°48′N 22°22′E / 51.800°N 22.367°E / 51.800; 22.367 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Łuków |
| Gmina | Wojcieszków |


title: Ciężkowo

abstract: Ciężkowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szubin, within Nakło County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-west of Szubin, 22 km (14 mi) south of Nakło nad Notecią, and 30 km (19 mi) south-west of Bydgoszcz.

text:
# Ciężkowo

**Ciężkowo** \[t͡ɕɛ̃ʂˈkɔvɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szubin, within Nakło County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-west of Szubin, 22 km (14 mi) south of Nakło nad Notecią, and 30 km (19 mi) south-west of Bydgoszcz.

## InfoBox

| Ciężkowo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Ciężkowo | |
| Coordinates: 52°57′N 17°39′E / 52.950°N 17.650°E / 52.950; 17.650 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Nakło |
| Gmina | Szubin |
| Population | 173 |


title: Claytonia ogilviensis

abstract: Claytonia ogilviensis, common name Ogilvie Mountains spring beauty, is a plant endemic to the Ogilvie Mountains and the Dawson Range in the Yukon Territory of Canada. These mountains extend into Alaska, and one of the known populations is less than 1 km from the border, so it would not be surprising if the plant were to be found in Alaska as well. Claytonia ogilviensis is a perennial herb with round or turnip-shaped tubers up to 25 mm in diameter, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Stems are up to 8 cm tall. Leaves are generally round, up to 2.5 cm in diameter. Flowers are borne in umbels with leaf-like bracts. Flowers are bright purple, up to 20 mm in diameter.

text:
# Claytonia ogilviensis

***Claytonia ogilviensis***, common name **Ogilvie Mountains spring beauty**, is a plant **endemic** to the Ogilvie Mountains and the Dawson Range in the Yukon Territory of Canada. These mountains extend into Alaska, and one of the known populations is less than 1 km from the border, so it would not be surprising if the plant were to be found in Alaska as well.

*Claytonia ogilviensis* is a perennial herb with round or turnip-shaped tubers up to 25 mm in diameter, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Stems are up to 8 cm tall. Leaves are generally round, up to 2.5 cm in diameter. Flowers are borne in umbels with leaf-like bracts. Flowers are bright purple, up to 20 mm in diameter.

## InfoBox

| Ogilvie Mountains spring beauty | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Montiaceae |
| Genus: | *Claytonia* |
| Species: | ***C. ogilviensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Claytonia ogilviensis***<br>McNeill | |
|


title: St Monica's High School

abstract: St Monica's R.C. High School is a coeducational secondary school on Bury Old Road in Prestwich, Greater Manchester, England, opposite Heaton Park. It serves pupils mainly from the areas of Prestwich, Whitefield, Kersal, Cheetham Hill and Radcliffe, and all those in the parish communities of its associated primary schools.

text:
# St Monica's High School

**St Monica's R.C. High School** is a coeducational secondary school on Bury Old Road in Prestwich, Greater Manchester, England, opposite Heaton Park.

It serves pupils mainly from the areas of Prestwich, Whitefield, Kersal, Cheetham Hill and Radcliffe, and all those in the parish communities of its associated primary schools.

## History

St Monica's RC High School was formed when two schools; St Joseph's RC High School, Whitefield and St Peter's RC High School, Prestwich, amalgamated and settled on the former St Peter's site on Bury Old Road. The school opened on 1 September 1987.

During Pope John Paul II's visit to the United Kingdom in 1982 the school (St Peter's RC High School at the time) was used as the base for local authorities and members of the Pope's entourage. The Pope made his appearance in nearby Heaton Park making the school an ideal place to run the operations from.

The school achieved Beacon status in 2001, gained its specialist status as a language college in 2003, and became an applied learning college in 2011, before the closing its sixth form centre in 2017 due to poor intake.

Previously a voluntary aided school administered by Bury Metropolitan Borough Council, in August 2020 St Monica's High School converted to academy status. The school is now sponsored by the St Teresa Of Calcutta Catholic Academy Trust.

In 1998, a pupil was forced to move schools after being bullied with violence and verbal abuse, whilst the student's mother accused the school of failing to deal with the situation properly. Headteacher at the time, Mr. Austin Campbell denied these claims against the school, claiming "the situation was dealt with properly and professionally throughout".

In 1999, along with two other Bury Catholic high schools, St Monica's chose to ban an informational book for young people about sex and contraception. The school was accused of '"burying their heads in the sand"' by local youth workers.

In 2006, A St Monica's pupil; Carl Neill, was subject to a attack by a gang of up to 40 youths from Prestwich Community High School (now Prestwich Arts College) from which the pupil sustained multiple fractures to the face. The attack took place outside St Monica's and was believed to be an unprovoked assault as a result of a feud between the two schools. Due to the risk of revenge attacks, headteacher Frank McCarron was forced to hold assemblies urging students to refrain from retaliation. Two Prestwich Community High School students were arrested and later found guilty of the attack. The 17- and 15-year-old boys were each sentenced to six months in a young offenders institute.

In September 2008, the school banned female pupils from receiving the cervical cancer HPV vaccine on school premises. The school's governors believed that the school was the wrong place for the treatment to be administered and feared side effects. A school governor stated *"We do not believe that school is the right place for the three injections to be administered"*. A spokesman for the Diocese of Salford said "the diocese and Catholic schools board do not have a moral objection, but it is up to individual schools to decide whether to allow the vaccinations to be carried out in school".

In 2011, teacher Arnold Solomon was arrested following allegations he suggested a child have sex with him. The 55-year-old electronics teacher was alleged to have suggested that the under-16-year-old girl should "go all the way" with him. Solomon, who denied the offense, was suspended from the school and released on bail pending further inquiries.

In 2012 a police investigation was launched in the school against a pupil after a suspected poisoning of a teacher with a cleaning chemical. The 30 year old Male teacher was taken to hospital with throat pain and breathing difficulties after sipping the drink that was on his desk. Detectives confirmed that there were traces of a whiteboard cleaning chemical in his drink and investigated whether it was contaminated by a pupil or by accident. Headteacher, at the time, Frank McCarron stated: “We are aware of an incident which took place on Wednesday and it is currently being investigated.” The teacher was released from hospital after having his stomach pumped and no formal charges were brought against the pupil.

In 2013; Mark Harrison, a former maths teacher, was accused and convicted of six child sex offences involving a 14-year-old schoolgirl. Harrison admitted traveling to meet the girl on at least two occasions between 1 March and 20 May this year, with the intention of committing a sexual offence. These included five counts of sexual activity with a child and one count of child grooming. Harrison stood before Bolton Crown Court on 25 October 2013 and plead guilty to four counts of sexual activity however denied the fifth. On 6 December 2013 the 49-year-old was jailed for 30 months for his offences.

In November 2015, a Freedom of Information Act request to the Taxpayers' Alliance revealed that a member of staff was receiving somewhere between £100,000 and £149,999 in remuneration. Allegations were launched against the school regarding unfairly high pay of individual members of staff, leading to accusations of inappropriately dispensing public money not in line with financial regulations. Despite these accusations, the school claimed that this information was false, claiming "No one at St Monica's was paid a salary over £100,000 in the 2013/14 tax year and this remains the case." However, a spokesman from the Taxpayers' Alliance insisted the data was correct, and they had correctly responded to the Freedom of Information Act request.

In 2016, reports from a parent claimed that male pupils were being punished for gathering in groups of three or more within the school premises. The post claimed that while boys were not allowed to gather, the same rules did not apply to girls and criticised the headteacher's policy on the matter. Headteacher Andrea Letcher denied these claims however, stating that such a thing was not school policy.

After receiving poor admission rates, the school's new sixth form centre was forced to close. The board made the case to Bury Council's education cabinet, who approved the closure in April 2017. In the aftermath of the decision, parents said that the children should not have been accepted for admission in the academic year, when the school was aware that the numbers were too low to receive the Department for Education funding needed to keep the centre running. The decision was criticised by the press and members of the public as being part of a 'vanity project' on behalf of the school. The college had had a poor intake since its opening in 2011.

### Ofsted inspections

An inspection of the school's involvement with parents and carers was carried out by Ofsted on 9 November 2009, in which the school was given 'outstanding' status in overall effectiveness. The inspection judgements included parental involvement on outcomes, impact of the involvement of parents on the quality of provision and inclusion and impact of leadership and management on the involvement of parents.

In February 2018, an inspection stated the school was inadequate in 'overall effectiveness', 'effectiveness of leadership and management', 'quality of teaching' and 'outcomes for pupils', and required improvement in 'personal development, behaviour and welfare'. The report claims that "leaders do not give governors accurate information about the quality of teaching or outcomes for pupils", "the majority of pupils underachieve in mathematics", and that "although reducing, leaders temporarily exclude too many pupils from school and from lessons." The school was subsequently placed in special measures by Ofsted. A followup visit by Ofsted in October 2018 found the school's leaders and managers were "not taking effective action towards the removal of special measures."

A full school inspection was last carried out by Ofsted in December 2019, which found that the school had "improved significantly", but in which the school was given 'Requires improvement' status in overall effectiveness. The inspection judgements included achievement of pupils, quality of teaching, behaviour and safety of pupils and leadership and management, all of which were also given 'Requires improvement' status.

## Grounds

In 2010 a new building at the south end of the school was constructed, comprising 6 new classrooms for the purposes of teaching English. After a £6.6 million grant, a sixth form applied learning centre was completed in September 2011. The building contains a library, computer suite, theatre performance area and sports facilities. The sixth form centre shut down in 2017 due to poor admission numbers, however the space continues to be used by Elms Bank College.

## Headteachers

* 1987–1998; Austin Campbell
* 1998–2012; Frank McCarron
* 2012–2017; Andrea Letcher
* 2017–2019; Mrs. A. Hainsworth
* 2019–2021; Mr C. Foley
* 2021–present; Mrs. E Keenan

## Notable former pupils

## InfoBox

| St Monica's R.C. High School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Bury Old Road
Prestwich, Greater Manchester, M25 1JH
England | |
| Coordinates | 53°31′34″N 2°15′58″W / 53.526°N 2.266°W / 53.526; -2.266 |
| Information | |
| Type | Academy |
| Motto | "Prayer & Service" |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Roman Catholic |
| Established | 1987 (1987) |
| Local authority | Bury |
| Trust | St Teresa Of Calcutta Catholic Academy Trust |
| Department for Education URN | 148050 Tables |
| Ofsted | Reports |
| Chair of local governing body | John Costello |
| Head teacher | Emma Keenan |
| Gender | Coeducational |
| Age | 11 to 16 |
| Website | http://www.stmonicas.co.uk/ |


title: Clethrionomyini

abstract:
The Clethrionomyini are a tribe of forest voles in the subfamily Arvicolinae. This tribe was formerly known as Myodini, but when genus Myodes was deemed to be a junior synonym, the tribe was renamed. Species in this tribe are:
  - Tribe Clethrionomyini
    - Genus Alticola - voles from Central Asia
      - Subgenus Alticola
        - White-tailed mountain vole, A. albicauda
        - Silver mountain vole, A. argentatus
        - Gobi Altai mountain vole, A. barakshin
        - Alticola kohistanicus
        - Central Kashmir vole, A. montosus
        - Lake Baikal mountain vole, A. olchonensis
        - Alticola parvidens
        - Royle's mountain vole, A. roylei
        - Mongolian silver vole, A. semicanus
        - Stolička's mountain vole, A. stoliczkanus
        - Flat-headed vole, A. strelzovi
        - Tuva silver vole, A. tuvinicus
      - Subgenus Aschizomys
        - Lemming vole, A. lemminus
        - Large-eared vole, A. macrotis
    - Genus Caryomys
      - Ganzu vole, C. eva
      - Kolan vole, C. inez
    - Genus Eothenomys - voles from East Asia
      - Kachin red-backed vole, E. cachinus
      - Pratt's vole, E. chinensis
      - Southwest China vole, E. custos
      - Père David's vole, E. melanogaster
      - Yunnan red-backed vole, E. miletus
      - Chaotung vole, E. olitor
      - Yulungshan vole, E. proditor
      - Ward's red-backed vole, E. wardi
    - Genus Clethrionomys - red-backed voles
      - Western red-backed vole, C. californicus
      - Tien Shan red-backed vole, C. centralis
      - Southern red-backed vole, C. gapperi
      - Bank vole, C. glareolus
      - Northern red-backed vole, C. rutilus
    - Genus Craseomys
      - Anderson's red-backed vole, C. andersoni
      - Imaizumi's red-backed vole, C. imaizumii
      - Korean red-backed vole, C. regulus
      - Hokkaido red-backed vole, C. rex
      - Grey red-backed vole, C. rufocanus
      - Shansei vole, C. shanseius
      - Smith's vole, C. smithii

text:
# Clethrionomyini

The **Clethrionomyini** are a tribe of forest voles in the subfamily Arvicolinae. This tribe was formerly known as **Myodini**, but when genus *Myodes* was deemed to be a junior synonym, the tribe was renamed. Species in this tribe are:

## InfoBox

| Clethrionomyini | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Family: | Cricetidae |
| Subfamily: | Arvicolinae |
| Tribe: | Clethrionomyini
Hooper and Hart, 1962 |
|
| Genera | |
| *Alticola*
*Caryomys*
*Eothenomys*
*Clethrionomys*
*Craseomys* | |


title: Claude Gauthier (painter)

abstract: Claude Gauthier is a Monegasque painter.

text:
# Claude Gauthier (painter)

**Claude Gauthier** (born 1939) is a Monegasque painter.

## Early life

Claude Gauthier was born in 1939 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.

## Career

Gauthier began painting in 1965. His artwork is in the permanent collection of the Musée international d'Art naïf Anatole Jakovsky in Nice, France. His work was exhibited in Milan, Italy in September 2015. A year later, it was exhibited at the Jardin Exotique de Monaco in June–July 2016.

## Honours


title: St Paul's Church, Witherslack

abstract: St Paul's Church is in the village of Witherslack, Cumbria, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Kendal, the archdeaconry of Westmorland and Furness, and the diocese of Carlisle. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building. The authors of the Buildings of England series describe it as "an almost perfect example of a plain Gothic church of that date, honest and unpretentious".

text:
# St Paul's Church, Witherslack

**St Paul's Church** is in the village of Witherslack, Cumbria, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Kendal, the archdeaconry of Westmorland and Furness, and the diocese of Carlisle. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II\* listed building. The authors of the *Buildings of England* series describe it as "an almost perfect example of a plain Gothic church of that date, honest and unpretentious".

## History

The church was built between 1668 and 1669. It resulted from a bequest made by John Barwick, dean of St Paul's Cathedral, who died in 1664, to provide a burial place in the village of his birth, rather than the dead having to be carried across the tidal estuary of the river Kent for burial at St Michael's Church in Beetham. There had previously been a church in the village dedicated to Saint Mary, but this was ruined in the Civil War. John Barwick's brother, Peter, who was physician to Charles II, successfully petitioned the Bishop of Chester for a new church and a burial ground. The new church was a chapel of ease to the mother church at Beetham. The land for the church and burial ground were granted by the 8th Earl of Derby. The church was consecrated in June 1671 by the Bishop of Chester.

The height of the walls of the church was raised and a vestry was added in 1768 by John Hird. Hird also added a screen at the east end of the church. In 1881 St Paul's became an independent parish church. The church was restored in 1861, and was renovated in 1880. In 1891 the parish of Witherslack was joined with those of Meathop and Ulpha. There was a further amalgamation of parishes in 1973 when Witherslack joined with St Mary, Crosthwaite and St Anthony, Cartmel Fell.

## Architecture

### Exterior

St Paul's is constructed in stone rubble with ashlar dressings and a slate roof. Its plan consists of a nave and a chancel in a single chamber, a south porch and a north vestry, and a west tower. The tower is in three stages. It has a west window of two round-headed lights in the bottom stage, two similar windows in the middle stage on the north and west sides, together with a square clock face on the south side with a single hand. In the top stage are two-light bell openings, with round heads and louvres. At the summit of the tower is a projecting embattled parapet. Along both sides of the church are four round-arched three-light windows with straight heads. The south porch is gabled, is surmounted by a ball finial, and leads to a round-headed doorway into the church. There is a similar doorway between the first and second windows, above which is an inscribed plaque. On the north side of the church is a small window between the second and third larger windows. To the east of these is a small gabled vestry, with a pointed doorway on its west side and a three-light east window. The east window of the chancel consists of five stepped lights, above which is a round-headed window, and a ball finial on the apex of the gable.

### Interior

The screen at the east end of the church contains two Ionic columns and pilasters. The pulpit was constructed in 1880, using material from a 17th-century three-decker pulpit. It has a sounding board dated 1768. The small font is in the shape of a baluster, and dates from 1666. The reredos of 1889 was designed by Paley, Austin and Paley. Also in the church are Royal arms of 1710, and hatchments, including that of John Barwick. The stained glass in the east window includes the arms of Barwick. Its design has been attributed to Henry Gyles of York, and the window dates probably from 1671. In the church are monuments, including a tablet to John Barwick. Another monument is to a child who died aged two years, and includes a while marble effigy of a baby. There is also a memorial to the 16th Earl of Derby who died in 1908. The single-manual organ was built in 1878 by Brindley & Foster.

## External features

In the churchyard is a sundial dated 1757, carrying a plate dated 1671. It is constructed in ashlar and stands on three square steps with a square base supporting a round column. The sundial is listed at Grade II. Also listed at Grade II are the gate piers and overthrow to the south of the church.

## InfoBox

| St Paul's Church, Witherslack | |
| --- | --- |
| St Paul's Church, Witherslack, from the south | |
| St Paul's Church, WitherslackLocation in Cumbria | |
| 54°15′01″N 2°52′25″W / 54.2503°N 2.8736°W / 54.2503; -2.8736 | |
| OS grid reference | SD 432,842 |
| Location | Witherslack, Cumbria |
| Country | England |
| Denomination | Anglican |
| Website | St Paul, Witherslack |
| History | |
| Status | Parish church |
| Founder(s) | John Barwick |
| Consecrated | June 1671 |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Active |
| Heritage designation | Grade II\* |
| Designated | 12 February 1962 |
| Architectural type | Church |
| Style | Gothic |
| Groundbreaking | 1668 |
| Completed | 1768 |
| Specifications | |
| Materials | Stone, slate roof |
| Administration | |
| Province | York |
| Diocese | Carlisle |
| Archdeaconry | Westmorland and Furness |
| Deanery | Kendal |
| Parish | St Paul Witherslack |
| Clergy | |
| Vicar(s) | Revd Michael David Woodcock |


title: St Brendan's Church, Bantry

abstract: St Brendan's Church is a small Gothic Revival Anglican church located in Kilmocomogue, Bantry, County Cork, Ireland. It was completed in 1828. It is dedicated to Brendan the Navigator. It is part of the Kilmocomogue Union of Parishes in the Diocese of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross.

text:
# St Brendan's Church, Bantry

**St Brendan's Church** is a small Gothic Revival Anglican church located in Kilmocomogue, Bantry, County Cork, Ireland. It was completed in 1828. It is dedicated to Brendan the Navigator. It is part of the Kilmocomogue Union of Parishes in the Diocese of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross.

## History

The Church of Saint Brendan the Navigator was built between 1815 and 1828. A new chancel and a chancel arch were added in 1868. A church bell was added in the 1880s. In 2000, the church was rededicated to Brendan the Navigator.

## Architecture

The church was designed by English architect Henry Edward Kendall. It is built in the Gothic Revival architectural style. A statue of Saint Brendan is erected in the square outside the church. It is built of green slate rubble stone, and features a font gifted by William Hedges-White, the 3rd Earl of Bantry.

### Notes

### Sources

* Keohane, Frank (2020). *The Buildings of Ireland: Cork City and County*. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. p. 255. ISBN 978-0-300-22487-0.
* St Leger, Dr. Alicia (2013). "The Province of Dublin: Cork, Cloyne and Ross". In McAuley, Alicia; Costecalde, Dr. Claude; Walker, Prof. Brian (eds.). *The Church of Ireland: An illustrated history*. Dublin: Booklink. p. 367. ISBN 978-1-906886-56-1.

51°40′51″N 9°27′11″W / 51.68092°N 9.45307°W / 51.68092; -9.45307

## InfoBox

| The Church of Saint Brendan the Navigator | |
| --- | --- |
| The church in September 2009 | |
|  | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Denomination | Church of Ireland |
| Architecture | |
| Architect(s) | Henry Edward Kendall |


abstract: St Bartholomew's Church is in the village of Church Minshull, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building. It is an active Anglican parish church in the diocese of Chester, the archdeaconry of Macclesfield, and the deanery of Nantwich. Its benefice is combined with those of St Mary, Acton, St David, Wettenhall, and St Oswald, Worleston.

text:
# St Bartholomew's Church, Church Minshull

**St Bartholomew's Church** is in the village of Church Minshull, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II\* listed building. It is an active Anglican parish church in the diocese of Chester, the archdeaconry of Macclesfield, and the deanery of Nantwich. Its benefice is combined with those of St Mary, Acton, St David, Wettenhall, and St Oswald, Worleston.

## History

It is possible that a Saxon church was originally on the site. This was replaced in 1541 by a timber framed church which in 1572 contained at least 50 coats of arms of the local nobility, either depicted in the stained glass or painted on the walls. In 1667 a storm damaged the roof and the west wall. At the beginning of the following century the tower partially collapsed and it was rebuilt in 1702. The rest of the church was still in a dangerous condition and it was rebuilt in 1720. A clock was added to the tower in 1722. There were fires in the church in 1798 and 1804 which led to a restoration in 1861. Further fires occurred in 1874 and 1885. In 1891 there was another restoration of the church, by Walter Boden. The previous internal alterations had weakened the structure of the church and in 2000 it was declared to be unsafe. A major restoration of the roof took place in 2002. During 2007 the tower roof was restored and the parapet rebuilt. A kitchen, new boiler house and refurbished toilets were added in 2012.

## Architecture

### Exterior

The church is constructed of brick with stone dressings. It is believed that the stone pillars inside the church are from the previous building. The exterior walls are of locally-made brick, and the quoins and finials were made of stone from a quarry at Manley near Macclesfield. The plan of the church consists of a three-bay nave with a choir. At the east end is a shallow apse. The tower, in neoclassical style, is at the west end. The date 1702 is picked out in glazed bricks on the tower, either side of the clock face. On its west face are two round headed windows, one above the other. On the south face is a clock which is balanced by stained glass bull's eye windows in the other faces. Above these are louvred two-light belfry windows. At the top of the tower is an ogee cornice and a parapet with ball-topped finials at the corners. Over the north and south doors are bull's eye windows. The nave and chancel windows are round headed. Above these is a cornice and a solid red brick parapet, interrupted by ball-topped pilasters over each window on the south side. Externally on the east wall is a 17th-century slate armorial memorial.

### Interior

At the west end of the church is a gallery, probably dating from 1861, and in the body of the church are box pews. There are memorials to the Brooke family on the north wall and in the south east corner a panel containing the arms of the Cholmondeley family painted by Randle Holme. On the east wall of the north aisle is a tablet containing details of the members of the Cholmondeley family who were buried in a vault. At the foot of the tower is the vault of the Wade family from Wades Green. The font, dated 1717, is in classical style and painted cream. It is by John Morfitt. In the apse on each side of the east window are panels containing the Ten Commandments and prayers. Also in the church are monuments dedicated to past incumbents. The marble war memorials date from after each of the two World Wars. There is a ring of six bells. Four of these are by Rudhall of Gloucester, three being dated 1717 and the fourth 1768. A cracked bell, also of 1717, is preserved inside the church. The other two bells, dated 1982 and 1983, are by Petit & Fritsen. The parish registers date from 1561 and churchwardens' accounts from 1623.

## External features

The gates and gate piers are listed at Grade II. They consist of cast iron gates hung on sandstone piers. The churchyard contains the war grave of a marine of World War I.

## InfoBox

| St Bartholomew's Church,
Church Minshull | |
| --- | --- |
| Tower and west end of St Bartholomew's Church, Church Minshull | |
| St Bartholomew's Church,
Church MinshullLocation in Cheshire | |
| 53°08′29″N 2°30′02″W / 53.1415°N 2.5005°W / 53.1415; -2.5005 | |
| OS grid reference | SJ 666 606 |
| Location | Church Minshull, Cheshire |
| Country | England |
| Denomination | Anglican |
| Website | St Bartholomew, Church Minshull |
| History | |
| Status | Parish church |
| Dedication | Saint Bartholomew |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Active |
| Heritage designation | Grade II\* |
| Designated | 12 January 1967 |
| Architect(s) | Walter Boden |
| Architectural type | Church |
| Style | Neoclassical |
| Specifications | |
| Materials | Brick with stone dressings
Slate roof |
| Administration | |
| Province | York |
| Diocese | Chester |
| Archdeaconry | Macclesfield |
| Deanery | Nantwich |
| Parish | Church Minshull |
| Clergy | |
| Vicar(s) | Rev. Anne Lawson |
| Laity | |
| Organist(s) | Audrey Colquhoun,
Ruth Edge |
| Churchwarden(s) | John Headon,
David Barrett |


title: Cleitor (mythology)

abstract:
In Greek mythology, Cleitor or Clitor or Kleitor (Κλήτωρ) may refer to the following personages:
  - Cleitor, an Arcadian prince as one of the 50 sons of the impious King Lycaon either by the naiad Cyllene, or by Nonacris. He and his brothers were the most nefarious and carefree of all people. To test them, Zeus visited them in the form of a peasant. These brothers mixed the entrails of a child into the god's meal, whereupon the enraged Zeus threw the meal over the table. Cleitor was killed, along with his brothers and their father, by a lightning bolt of the god.
  - Cleitor, Cletor or Cleitos, the father of Eurymedousa, mother of Myrmidon by Zeus.
  - Cleitor, in his time, the most powerful of the kings in Arcadia. He was the son of King Azan of Azania but he was childless, therefore he was succeeded by his own cousin, Aepytus, the son of Elatus. Cleitor dwelt in Lycosura and founded a town that bears its name (Cleitor).

text:
# Cleitor (mythology)

In Greek mythology, **Cleitor** or **Clitor** (Ancient Greek: Κλείτωρ) or **Kleitor** *(*Κλήτωρ) may refer to the following personages:

* Cleitor, an Arcadian prince as one of the 50 sons of the impious King Lycaon either by the naiad Cyllene, or by Nonacris. He and his brothers were the most nefarious and carefree of all people. To test them, Zeus visited them in the form of a peasant. These brothers mixed the entrails of a child into the god's meal, whereupon the enraged Zeus threw the meal over the table. Cleitor was killed, along with his brothers and their father, by a lightning bolt of the god.
* Cleitor, Cletor or Cleitos, the father of Eurymedousa, mother of Myrmidon by Zeus.
* Cleitor, in his time, the most powerful of the kings in Arcadia. He was the son of King Azan of Azania but he was childless, therefore he was succeeded by his own cousin, Aepytus, the son of Elatus. Cleitor dwelt in Lycosura and founded a town that bears its name (Cleitor).

1. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, *Antiquitates Romanae* 1.13.1
2. Pausanias, 8.17.6
3. Apollodorus, 3.8.1
4. Clement of Alexandria, *Protrepticus* 2. p.41 (p. 34)
5. Pausanias, 8.4.4 & 8.21.3
6. Pausanias, 8.4.5.
* Apollodorus, *The Library* with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
* Dionysus of Halicarnassus, *Roman Antiquities.* English translation by Earnest Cary in the Loeb Classical Library, 7 volumes. Harvard University Press, 1937-1950. Online version at Bill Thayer's Web Site
* Dionysius of Halicarnassus, *Antiquitatum Romanarum quae supersunt*, *Vol I-IV*. . Karl Jacoby. In Aedibus B.G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1885. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
* Pausanias, *Description of Greece* with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. ISBN 0-674-99328-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
* Pausanias, *Graeciae Descriptio.* *3 vols*. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.


title: KRFA-FM

abstract: KRFA-FM is a radio station licensed to Moscow, Idaho. The station is owned by Washington State University, and is the flagship station of Northwest Public Broadcasting's "NPR and Classical Music" service. The station debuted on December 13, 1963, as KUID-FM, operated by the University of Idaho as a service of the UI Department of Communications. It was Idaho's first educational radio station. Due to a funding crisis, UI transferred control of the station to WSU in 1984 under its current call letters. The acquisition of KRFA allowed NWPB to split its offerings into a two-channel network, with KRFA taking most of flagship KWSU's classical music programming. NWPB operates KUID's old studio on the UI campus as a satellite studio.

text:
# KRFA-FM

**KRFA-FM** (91.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Moscow, Idaho. The station is owned by Washington State University, and is the flagship station of Northwest Public Broadcasting's "NPR and Classical Music" service.

The station debuted on December 13, 1963, as **KUID-FM**, operated by the University of Idaho as a service of the UI Department of Communications. It was Idaho's first educational radio station. Due to a funding crisis, UI transferred control of the station to WSU in 1984 under its current call letters. The acquisition of KRFA allowed NWPB to split its offerings into a two-channel network, with KRFA taking most of flagship KWSU's classical music programming.

NWPB operates KUID's old studio on the UI campus as a satellite studio.

1. "New call letters assigned to radio station at Moscow". *Times-News*. Associated Press. August 30, 1984. p. A-8. Retrieved March 6, 2020.
2. "Facility Technical Data for KRFA-FM". *Licensing and Management System*. Federal Communications Commission.
3. UI School of Journalism and Mass Media timeline

46°40′55″N 116°58′16″W / 46.682°N 116.971°W / 46.682; -116.971

## InfoBox

KRFA-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 91.7 MHz (HD Radio) |
| Programming | |
| Format | Public radio; News/Talk, Classical Music |
| Subchannels |  |
| Affiliations | National Public Radio
American Public Media
Public Radio International |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Washington State University |
| Sister stations | KWSU, KJEM-FM, KWSU-TV |
| History | |
| First air date | December 13, 1963 |
| Former call signs | KUID-FM (1963–1984) |
| Call sign meaning | Radio Fine Arts |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 71016 |
| Class | C1 |
| ERP | 28,000 watts |
| HAAT | 282 meters (925 ft) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Stream |
| Website | nwpr.org |