title: Claudio Corti (motorcyclist)

abstract: Claudio Corti is a Grand Prix motorcycle racer from Italy. He currently competes in the British National Superstock 1000 Championship aboard a Kawasaki ZX-10R.

text:
# Claudio Corti (motorcyclist)

**Claudio Corti** (born 25 June 1987) is a Grand Prix motorcycle racer from Italy. He currently competes in the British National Superstock 1000 Championship aboard a Kawasaki ZX-10R.

## Career

### Early career

Born in Como, Corti progressed up the motorcycling ladder through the Italian 125GP Championship and by 2004, he had finished as runner-up in the Italian Supersport Championship. In 2005, Corti moved into the European Superstock 600cc Cup, run on the Superbike World Championship support package. Riding for the Trasimeno team, Corti and France's Yoann Tiberio battled for the championship title, with Corti claiming the honours by eight points. He finished his first seven races on the podium, including five victories. He also competed in the Italian Supersport, Superstock and Superbike series; he twice finished as runner-up in the championship in Superstock in 2006 and 2007, and was runner-up in Superbikes in 2008.

### Superstock 1000 FIM Cup

After his championship campaign in 2005, Corti moved up into the more powerful 1000cc championship for the 2006 season with Yamaha Team Italia. Four victories was a season-high for all riders, but for Corti, these were his only trips to the podium all season, as Alessandro Polita claimed the title ahead of Corti by a margin of 20 points. Corti continued with Yamaha Team Italia in 2007, and again finished as championship runner-up, this time to Niccolò Canepa, as well as holding off Matteo Baiocco for the runner-up placing.

Corti's 2008 campaign was far from successful however, as he tumbled down the standings to end the season in eleventh place on 57 points, tying with Andrea Antonelli. But he returned to prior form in 2009, as he claimed his third runner-up placing in four seasons, riding a Suzuki for Alstare Racing. Corti won two of the first three races, but was eventually overhauled by the super-consistent placings of Xavier Simeon, who finished all ten races in the top two. Maxime Berger's retirements from three races equally helped Corti to secure second in the championship.

### Moto2 World Championship

Corti moved onto the Grand Prix bill, moving into the new-for-2010 Moto2 class. He partnered Jules Cluzel at the Forward Racing team riding Suter motorcycles. Corti was one of the few riders to finish each one of the season's 17 races, although points-scoring finishes were hard to come by due to the expansive nature of the class, with races having around 40 entries each. Corti finished 25th in the championship, with a best result of ninth in San Marino. He also claimed pole position at the British Grand Prix at Silverstone, but finished the race in 30th place.

## Career statistics

### Grand Prix motorcycle racing

#### By season

| Season | Class | Motorcycle | Team | Race | Win | Podium | Pole | FLap | Pts | Plcd |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | Moto2 | Suter | Forward Racing | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 20 | 25th |
| 2011 | Moto2 | Suter | Italtrans Racing Team | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 25th |
| 2012 | Moto2 | Kalex | Italtrans Racing Team | 13 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 74 | 14th |
| | MotoGP | Inmotec | Avintia Blusens | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NC |
| 2013 | MotoGP | FTR Kawasaki | NGM Mobile Forward Racing | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 19th |
| 2015 | MotoGP | Yamaha Forward | Forward Racing | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NC |
| Total |  |  |  | **69** | **0** | **1** | **1** | **1** | **131** |  |

#### By class

| Class | Seasons | 1st GP | 1st Pod | 1st Win | Race | Win | Podiums | Pole | FLap | Pts | WChmp |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Moto2 | 2010–2012 | 2010 Qatar | 2012 France |  | 46 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 117 | 0 |
| MotoGP | 2012–2013, 2015 | 2012 Valencia |  |  | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 0 |

#### Races by year

(key) (Races in **bold** indicate pole position)

| Year | Class | Bike | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | Pos. | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | Moto2 | Suter | QAT
20 | SPA
18 | FRA
15 | ITA
22 | **GBR**
30 | NED
17 | CAT
22 | GER
22 | CZE
26 | INP
13 | RSM
9 | ARA
11 | JPN
14 | MAL
15 | AUS
15 | POR
19 | VAL
19 |  | 25th | 20 |
| 2011 | Moto2 | Suter | QAT
21 | SPA
21 | POR
11 | FRA
22 | CAT
17 | GBR
Ret | NED
15 | ITA
23 | GER
15 | CZE
14 | INP
22 | RSM
18 | ARA
19 | JPN | AUS
4 | MAL
Ret | VAL
15 |  | 25th | 23 |
| 2012 | Moto2 | Kalex | QAT
16 | SPA
6 | POR
14 | *FRA*
2 | CAT
13 | GBR
6 | NED
16 | GER
9 | ITA
9 |  | INP
10 | CZE
Ret | RSM
14 | ARA
9 | JPN | MAL | AUS |  | 14th | 74 |
| | MotoGP | Inmotec |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | USA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | VAL
Ret | NC | 0 |
| 2013 | MotoGP | FTR Kawasaki | QAT
16 | AME
19 | SPA
17 | FRA
Ret | ITA
Ret | CAT
12 | NED
18 | GER
15 | USA
Ret | INP
14 | CZE
Ret | GBR
17 | RSM
16 | ARA
15 | MAL
13 | AUS
17 | JPN
20 | VAL
13 | 19th | 14 |
| 2015 | MotoGP | Yamaha Forward | QAT | AME | ARG | SPA | FRA | ITA | CAT | NED | GER
Ret | INP | CZE
20 | GBR
18 | RSM
20 | ARA | JPN | AUS | MAL | VAL | NC | 0 |

### Superbike World Championship

#### Races by year

| Year | Make | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | | 4 | | 5 | | 6 | | 7 | | 8 | | 9 | | 10 | | 11 | | 12 | | 13 | | 14 | | Pos. | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | | |
| 2012 | Kawasaki | AUS | AUS | ITA | ITA | NED | NED | ITA | ITA | EUR | EUR | USA | USA | SMR | SMR | SPA | SPA | CZE | CZE | GBR | GBR | RUS | RUS | GER | GER | POR | POR | FRA
9 | FRA
12 | 24th | 11 |
| 2014 | MV Agusta | AUS
13 | AUS
18 | SPA
Ret | SPA
Ret | NED
14 | NED
Ret | ITA
18 | ITA
Ret | GBR
15 | GBR
12 | MAL
Ret | MAL
DNS | SMR
13 | SMR
17 | POR
DNS | POR
DNS | USA | USA | SPA
15 | SPA
Ret | FRA
13 | FRA
8 | QAT
Ret | QAT
14 |  |  |  |  | 17th | 27 |

## InfoBox

| Claudio Corti | |
| --- | --- |
| Corti at the 2013 British Grand Prix. | |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Born | (1987-06-25) 25 June 1987
Como, Italy |
| Current team | Stauff Quick Connect Academy |
| Bike number | 71 |
| Motorcycle racing career statistics  MotoGP World Championship  Active years 20122013, 2015  Manufacturers Inmotec, FTR Kawasaki, Yamaha Forward  2015 championship position NC (0 pts)   Starts Wins Podiums Poles F. laps Points  23 0 0 0 0 14   Moto2 World Championship  Active years 20102012  Manufacturers Suter, Kalex  Championships 0  2012 championship position 14th (74 pts)   Starts Wins Podiums Poles F. laps Points  46 0 1 1 1 117   Superbike World Championship  Active years 20132014  Manufacturers Kawasaki, MV Agusta  Championships 0  2014 championship position 17th (27 pts)   Starts Wins Podiums Poles F. laps Points  21 0 0 0 0 38 | |


title: Judy Hoffman

abstract: Judy Hoffman is an American filmmaker and arts activist based in Chicago. She graduated from Northwestern University with a MFA and currently holds a faculty position at the University of Chicago. Hoffman has played a major role in the development of Kartemquin Films, a documentary filmmaking company founded in Chicago in 1966. Hoffman has worked with extensively with Kwakwaka’wakw, a First Nation in British Columbia, to produce films. Hoffman has brought activism to her films, and continues to show different facets of the city of Chicago.

text:
# Judy Hoffman

**Judy Hoffman** is an American filmmaker and arts activist based in Chicago. She graduated from Northwestern University with a MFA and currently holds a faculty position at the University of Chicago. Hoffman has played a major role in the development of Kartemquin Films, a documentary filmmaking company founded in Chicago in 1966. Hoffman has worked with extensively with Kwakwaka’wakw, a First Nation in British Columbia, to produce films. Hoffman has brought activism to her films, and continues to show different facets of the city of Chicago.

## Career

Hoffman has worked in the film industry for over 35 years. Her documentary style is influenced by her early work with small format video equipment, beginning with the Portapak and filming local Chicago communities. Most of Hoffman's work takes the form of documentaries focusing on Chicago and its development. She was involved with the Alternative Television Movement in the early 1970s, documenting activism from the inside, especially to do with civil rights in Chicago.

At the start, she worked for Jerry Temaner, one of the original founders of Kartemquin films, who ran a media production center at University of Illinois Chicago. She met Jean Rouch, French anthropologist and filmmaker, at the Ninth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences in 1973. After she was assigned to be his assistant and show him around for his time in Chicago, they began work on a project surrounding race and jazz in the city. Hoffman directly learned to shoot handheld and work with sound from Rouch. Hoffman conceptually became interested in cinéma vérité and the idea of shared anthropology- taking form in a collaborative approach to filmmaking with nontraditional documentaries, and often putting video equipment in the hands of the subjects.

This work connected Hoffman to the Chicago film company Kartemquin Films, a collective focused on sharing knowledge, creating socialist-minded work, and documenting Chicago. While at Kartemquin Hoffman directed *Golub,* which went on to debut at the New York Film Festival. The mission of Kartemquin Films, and a guiding theme in Hoffman's work, is the principle of social inquiry and promoting social change through the medium of film. Hoffman still plays a major role at Kartemquin.

Hoffman's work with the Kwakwaka'wakw First Nation of British Columbia produced films and videotapes about reclaiming the tribe's culture. Through an introduction from an exchange between the U'Mista Cultural Center for the Kwakwaka'wakw First Nation of British Columbia and the Field Museum, Hoffman produced the award-winning *Box of Treasures* (1983), a film documenting the efforts to repatriate cultural artifacts and create cultural revival amid political strife. Out of connections from this film, Hoffman would return to Alert Bay to work with a video training program on the N'amgis Reserve. This led to an effort in the local community to create their own educational, documentary style work about their histories and rituals.

Hoffman has worked as a producer and photographer for installations at the Smart Museum of Art and The Block Museum, among others. Judy Hoffman currently works at the University of Chicago as a lecturer in the Department of Cinema and Media Studies and Department of Visual Arts.

## Significant works

In 1996, Hoffman was Acting Director of The Documentary Center of Columbia College where along with Ronit Bezale she developed *Voices of Cabrini*. The film is about the destruction of public housing in Chicago.

In 2014, Hoffman worked as executive producer for *70 Acres in Chicago: Cabrini Green*, which is the follow-up documentary to *Voices of Cabrini*.

Hoffman has collaborated with Barbara Kopple on American Dream in 1990. Hoffman has worked with Michelle Citron on Mixed Greens in 2004.

Judy Hoffman was the cinematographer for the films: *Howard Zinn: You Can't be Neutral on a Moving Train*, *Sacco and Vanzetti,* and *Nelson Algren:* *The End is Nothing, The Road is All.*

Hoffman's inclination towards documentary led her to film a behind the scenes look at singer Britney Spears, in a piece called *Stages: Three Days in Mexico*, featuring cinematography by Albert Maysles in 2002. A few years later, Hoffman was the videographer on Maysles' *The Gates,* which was a documentary on Jeanne Claude and Christo's Central Park installation. The documentary aired on HBO in 2006.

## Awards and honors

Hoffman received the VOICE Media Activism Award from Chicago's Center for Community and Media in 1994. In 2004, Hoffman was awarded the Nelson Algren Committee Award for "community activists making a significant contribution to Chicago life."

Hoffman serves on the Board's Advisory Committee to the Community TV Network, a non-profit organization in Chicago which works to promote community development among underrepresented youth through the educational tool and creative process of digital video production. This committee is one of the many places where Hoffman has worked with her colleagues from Kartemquin films, including the founder Gordon Quinn and Peter Kuttner.

In January 2018, Hoffman's film *Stages: Three Days in Mexico,* showed at the screening of the second season of Cinema 53, a film and discussion series at the University of Chicago's Gray Center for Arts and Inquiry. The season series: "Women Make Docs," continued Cinema 53's mission to present films made by women and people of color.

## Filmography

| Film | Year | Genre | Position |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Local 70* | 1975 | Short Documentary | Producer, Director, Editor |
| *HSA #4* | 1975 | Short Documentary | Producer |
| *HSA #1* | 1979 | Short Documentary | Producer |
| *Seeing Red* | 1983 | Documentary | Camera assistant |
| *The Last Pullman Car* | 1983 | Documentary | Camera assistant |
| *Box of Treasures* | 1984 | Short Documentary | Associate Producer |
| *Women's Voices: The Gender Gap* | 1984 | Short documentary | Camera assistant |
| *4 Tops live at the Park West* | 1984 | Short Documentary | Producer |
| *Taylor Chain II: A Story of Collective Bargaining* | 1984 | Short | Camera assistant |
| *American Playhouse* | 1984 | TV series | Camera assistant |
| *Golub* | 1988 | Documentary | Associate Producer |
| *Time to Make That Change* | 1992 | Short Documentary | Producer |
| *People for Community Recovery #1-8* | 1993 | Short | Producer |
| *The Good Life* | 1995 | TV series documentary | Producer |
| *Frank Lloyd Wright* | 1998 | Documentary | Camera assistant |
| *Voices of Cabrini: Remaking Chicago's Public Housing* | 1999 | Short Documentary | Executive Producer |
| *Nova* | 2001 | TV series and documentary | Camera assistant |
| *Stages: Three Days in Mexico - Britney Spears* | 2002 | Documentary | Cinematographer, Director |
| *Golub: Late Works Are the Catastrophes* | 2004 | Documentary | Photographer, Associate Producer |
| *Howard Zinn: You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train* | 2004 | Documentary | Cinematographer |
| *A Day on the Force: Women's Professional Tackle Football* | 2004 | Documentary | Cinematographer |
| *Sacco and Vanzetti* | 2006 | Documentary | Videographer |
| *The Gates* | 2007 | Documentary | Videographer |
| *In My Room: The Inner Life of Teen Girls* | 2007 | Documentary | Cinematographer |
| *70 Acres in Chicago:Cabrini Green* | 2014 | Documentary | Executive Producer |
| *Nelson Algren: The End Is Nothing, the Road Is All...* | 2015 | Documentary | Camera Operator, Cinematographer |
| *Leftovers* | 2017 | Documentary | Videographer |

## InfoBox

| Judy Hoffman | |
| --- | --- |
| Hoffman in 2016 | |
| Alma mater | Northwestern University (MFA) |
| Occupation | Filmmaker |


title: VasalloVision

abstract: VasalloVision was a small Spanish-language television network in the United States that catered to the Mexican audience. Most of its schedule consisted of films, lucha libre, and children's programming. The network was made up of four stations, mostly in the western part of the country. All its affiliates would affiliate with MundoMax upon its launch on August 13, 2012, and the network wound down operations on that same date.

text:
# VasalloVision

**VasalloVision** was a small Spanish-language television network in the United States that catered to the Mexican audience. Most of its schedule consisted of films, *lucha libre*, and children's programming. The network was made up of four stations, mostly in the western part of the country.

All its affiliates would affiliate with MundoMax upon its launch on August 13, 2012, and the network wound down operations on that same date.

## Former affiliates

| City | Station | Channel | Owner | Comment |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Del Rio/San Antonio, Texas | **KYVV-TV** | **10.1** | SATV 10, LLC | Current Grit affiliate |
| Aurora/Denver, Colorado | **KQDK-CA**
(satellite of KQCK, Cheyenne, WY) | **39** | Fusion Communications | Sold to Christian Television Network |
| Cheyenne, Wyoming/Denver, Colorado | **KQCK** | **33.1** | | |
| Baytown/Houston, Texas | **KAZH** | **57.1** | Titan Broadcast Group | First station to carry VasalloVision programming.
Now KUBE-TV, a ShopHQ affiliate owned by WRNN Associates. |
| Laughlin/Las Vegas, Nevada | **KMCC** | **32.1** | Beam Tilt, LLC | Now owned by Ion Media and carrying Ion Television. |
| Louisville, Kentucky | **WBKI-TV** | **34.2** | Fusion Communications | Dropped in August 2012 after ownership switch; station taken off air in 2017 in FCC spectrum auction. |

## InfoBox

VasalloVision
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | United States |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | Spanish |
| Ownership | |
| Key people | Carlos Vasallo, president and CEO |
| History | |
| Launched | October 22, 2009 |
| Founder | Carlos Vasallo and Miguel Banojian |
| Closed | August 13, 2012
(2 years, 296 days) |
| Replaced by | MundoFox (*de facto*) |
| Links | |
| Website | vasallovision.tv |


title: The Nuts & Bolts of PBM

abstract: The Nuts & Bolts of PBM was a magazine dedicated to play-by-mail games, first published in June 1980 as Nuts and Bolts of Starweb, and edited by Richard J. Buda. The magazine incorporated in 1983 to Bolt Publications. Rick Loomis of Flying Buffalo Games stated in 1985 that the Nuts & Bolts of PBM was the first PBM magazine not published by a PBM company. He stated that "It was a fun magazine, but somewhat ahead of its time, and it had no financial backing." Afterward, the name changed to Nuts & Bolts of Gaming.

text:
# The Nuts & Bolts of PBM

***The Nuts & Bolts of PBM*** (also known as ***Nuts & Bolts of Starweb***, ***Nuts & Bolts of Gaming***, or ***NABOG***) was a magazine dedicated to play-by-mail games, first published in June 1980 as *Nuts and Bolts of Starweb*, and edited by Richard J. Buda. The magazine incorporated in 1983 to Bolt Publications. Rick Loomis of Flying Buffalo Games stated in 1985 that the *Nuts & Bolts of PBM* (first called *Nuts & Bolts of Starweb*) was the first PBM magazine not published by a PBM company. He stated that "It was a fun magazine, but somewhat ahead of its time, and it had no financial backing." Afterward, the name changed to *Nuts & Bolts of Gaming*.

## Development

The editors of *Flagship* magazine stated that the *Nuts & Bolts of Gaming* was "the oldest PBM magazine". The magazine started in mid-1980 in Chicago, IL, as the *Nuts & Bolts of Starweb*. According to Rick Buda, the initial issues were a fanzine for *Starweb* and were made of a "Xeroxed copied sheet folded in half … that made four, crude pages". Buda explains how the publication was named as follows:

> I was enamored with The Berserker character \[from *Starweb*\], and really \[started\] the zine to discuss strategies for playing that part to the hilt. That is actually the source of the name, twofold in its reference. One – The robotic image of machinery (Nuts & Bolts), and; Two – Getting down to particulars within the characters (get down to the nuts and bolts of something).

Buda stated that, after demand increased, he and Rick Loomis increased the size of the publication, changed the publication rate to bi-monthly, and renamed it to the *Nuts & Bolts of PBM*. In 1983, the magazine incorporated. Buda incorporated it as Bolt Publications after the load became unmanageable, changing the name once again to *Nuts & Bolts of Gaming*. This was shortened to NABOG, which was also their mascot's nickname. The magazine's print run, which started with a small number, rose to 600–700 in the first year, and peaked eventually at 3,000, including international readers.

In 1984, Bob McLain from *Gaming Universal* offered to acquire the publication, but *Gaming Universal* ceased publication before the deal went through, after a run of three issues. As the publication had been preparing for the transition versus the next issue, it then "collapsed". By 1985, the magazine had ceased publication. A commentator in the Summer 1985 issue of *Flagship* noted that the magazine had recently closed, while also noting that Rick Buda had been elected to the Play-By-Mail Association's (PBMA's) Membership Committee with *Paper Mayhem's* David Webber as well as Jon Clemens, Mike Shefler, and Jack Everitt.

## Contents

*The Nuts & Bolts of PBM* was a magazine presenting reviews, articles about tactics, and news regarding play-by-mail games. Issues contained an editorial by Rick Buda, artwork, fiction, and content on games. The topics evolved from purely focused on the game *Starweb* at the outset, to PBM games, and eventually to all game genres. This included an article on *Zork* in a 1983 issue, for example. By 1983, 24 issues had been published in four volumes.

The magazine's logo was a sword crossed with a raygun. The publisher integrated this into multiple covers in 1983 as part of a puzzle for readers.

## Reception

W.G. Armintrout reviewed *The Nuts & Bolts of PBM* in *The Space Gamer* No. 48. Armintrout commented that "This magazine is a disappointment. *Nuts & Bolts* needs contributors who have something to say and know how to say it. I can't recommend this magazine until it shapes up." By the fifth year, the magazine's quality had greatly improved. It was nominated for an Origins Award but did not win due to closing before the final voting.

## Bibliography

* Armintrout, W.G. (February 1982). "Capsule Reviews". *The Space Gamer*. No. 48. Steve Jackson Games.
* Buda, Rick (August 2014). "The Nuts & Bolts of Gaming: Recollections of a Mad Publisher" (PDF). *Suspense and Decision*. No. 10. playbymail.net. p. 91. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
* Cassandra (Summer 1985). "Loomis Beats Critics: Flagship Sweeps to PBMA Victory; Schubel Slate Defeated". *Flagship*. No. 7. p. 23.
* Drew, Mike (1983). "Zork I: The Great Underground Empire". *Nuts & Bolts of Gaming*. Vol. 3, no. 16. p. 8.
* Editors (1983). "Parts Department". *Nuts & Bolts of Gaming*. Vol. 3, no. 17. p. 30.
* Flagship Editors (Spring 1984). "The World Beyond Flagship". *Flagship*. No. 2.
* Loomis, Rick (1985). "Rick Loomis on Play-By-Mail: Magazines". *Space Gamer*. No. 75. July–August 1985.
* Orzoff, Nathan (1983). "GamesPage". *Nuts & Bolts of Gaming*. Vol. 3, no. 17. p. 19.
* Spencer, David (2022). "Small Starts: A Look into a 1980s Play-by-Mail Magazine—the Nuts & Bolts of Gaming". Suspense & Decision. Retrieved July 20, 2022.

## InfoBox

*Nuts & Bolts of PBM*
| Cover of a 1983 issue with cover art by Larry Brenza. The magazine logo (crossed sword and raygun) appears in multiple instances on the cover. | |
| --- | --- |
| Editor | Richard Buda |
| Assistant editor | Al Liszka |
| Page Games/Interviews | Nate Orzoff |
| Art | Larry Brenza |
| Magazine layout | Rhonda Brenza |
| Sales | Rich Balicki |
| Categories | Play-by-mail game magazine |
| Frequency | Bi-monthly |
| Publisher | Rick Buda, Bolt Publications |
| First issue | 1980 |
| Final issue | 1985 |
| Country | United States (Chicago, IL) |
| Language | English |


title: Shri Rawatpura Sarkar University

abstract: Shri Rawatpura Sarkar University (SRU) is a private university located at the village Dhaneli in Raipur district, Chhattisgarh, India. It was established in 2018 by the Shri Rawatpura Sarkar Lok Kalyan Trust under the Chhattisgarh Private Universities (Amendment) Act, 2018. The foundation stone for its campus in the village Dhaneli, in Raipur district was laid on 11 October 2018. The university offers diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate courses in the fields of engineering and technology, science, art, pharmacy, fashion and interior design, management and commerce, library science, education, yoga and naturopathy and journalism and mass communication.

text:
# Shri Rawatpura Sarkar University

**Shri Rawatpura Sarkar University** (**SRU**) is a private university located at the village Dhaneli in Raipur district, Chhattisgarh, India. It was established in 2018 by the Shri Rawatpura Sarkar Lok Kalyan Trust under the *Chhattisgarh Private Universities (Establishmentand Operation) (Amendment) Act, 2018*. The foundation stone for its campus in the village Dhaneli, in Raipur district was laid on 11 October 2018. The university offers diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate courses in the fields of engineering and technology, science, art, pharmacy, fashion and interior design, management and commerce, library science, education, yoga and naturopathy and journalism and mass communication.

## InfoBox

Shri Rawatpura Sarkar University
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 2018 (2018) |
| Chancellor | Ravi Shankar Ji Maharaj |
| Vice-Chancellor | S. K. Singh |
| Location | Dhaneli, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India |
| Affiliations | UGC |
| Website | sruraipur.ac.in |


title: Roger le Poer

abstract: Roger le Poer was a medieval Lord Chancellor from 1135 until 1139 for King Stephen of England. The son of a powerful bishop, Roger owed his position to his family connections. He lost his office when his father and other relatives lost power. Arrested along with his father, Roger was used to secure the surrender of a castle held by his mother and then disappeared from history.

text:
# Roger le Poer

**Roger le Poer** was a medieval Lord Chancellor from 1135 until 1139 for King Stephen of England. The son of a powerful bishop, Roger owed his position to his family connections. He lost his office when his father and other relatives lost power. Arrested along with his father, Roger was used to secure the surrender of a castle held by his mother and then disappeared from history.

## Background and early life

Roger was the son of Roger of Salisbury, Lord Chancellor for King Henry I of England and Bishop of Salisbury, and Matilda of Ramsbury. It is possible that Roger of Salisbury was married to Matilda prior to his elevation to the episcopate, but this is unlikely. Because their son Roger le Poer was described as "young" in 1139, it is most likely that he was born after his father's consecration as bishop in 1107. A biographer of Roger of Salisbury, Edward Kealey, has argued that Roger le Poer is the same person as Roger, the archdeacon of Berkshire who died in the 1160s. Another possibility, that the younger Roger was the same as Roger of Ramsbury, archdeacon of Wiltshire, is less likely, as it is known that Roger of Ramsbury was not closely related to Adelelm, the nephew or son of Roger of Salisbury. The historian Diana Greenway in the *Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300* takes this view.

## Chancellor

The younger Roger's family was a powerful one in England - not only was his father the Bishop of Salisbury, but he also held the administration of the government in his hands. The older Roger had the powers of the office of justiciar, without having actually been appointed to that office, as a continuation of the power he had held during the second part of the reign of Henry I. The elder Roger's two nephews   Nigel, who was Bishop of Ely and had previously been Lord Treasurer, and Alexander, who was Bishop of Lincoln \- both held important bishoprics, and another nephew or son held the Treasurership from 1136. This was Adelelm, who may have been a full brother to Roger le Poer. The family also controlled a number of castles throughout England. William of Malmesbury, a medieval chronicler, claimed that the younger Roger's appointment as chancellor was the price demanded by the elder Roger for the bishop's support of Stephen as king after the death of King Henry I. Roger served as chancellor from 1135 until 24 June 1139.

Roger travelled with the king, often accompanying him in the royal progresses around England. In late 1136 or 1137, Roger was with the king at a court called at Westminster which heard a complaint by the Holy Trinity Priory in London that Hasculf de Tany, the castellan of the Tower of London, had taken land that belonged to the priory. In the end, the priory regained custody of their land. In March 1137 Roger was with the king right before the king sailed to Normandy, as the chancellor witnessed a charter of the king just prior to his departure. As chancellor, Roger was a witness on over 60 royal writs.

## Arrest and exile

In the middle of 1139, rumours were current that the family was going to defect to Stephen's rival for the throne, the Empress Matilda. These rumours appear to have been started by a group of nobles led by twin brothers Waleran de Beaumont, the Count of Meulan, and Robert de Beaumont, the Earl of Leicester, with Alan of Brittany. Whether Roger and his family really intended to switch their support to Matilda is unclear, but unlikely. In late June, a fight broke out between some of the retainers of Alan and men in the service of Roger's family. This fight was the excuse for the king moving against Roger's family. Both the elder and younger Roger were arrested, along with Alexander, but Nigel escaped. Matilda of Ramsbury, who held out in Devizes Castle against the king, was persuaded to surrender the castle to Stephen when the king threatened to hang the younger Roger, Matilda's own son, if she did not yield. The younger Roger was restrained with chains and put on a high platform in view of the castle with a noose around his neck.

The name *le poer*, or *pauperus*, means "pauper" and was not given to Roger until after his and his father's fall from power in 1139. It is possible the new name was bestowed because he could have expected to receive a bishopric after his time as chancellor, which did not happen because of his family's disgrace. Another possible reason for the name was to contrast with his father's wealth. It is unlikely that he was actually poor, as his family was wealthy and powerful. The historian Francis West described the base of the family's power as "control of the important offices of royal government".

Roger was sent into exile after his family's disgrace. If he is the same person as the archdeacon of Berkshire, he died in the middle of the 1160s, but no other sure information is known about him after his exile.

## Citations

1. Kemp "Roger Pauper" *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography*
2. Keats-Rohan *Domesday Descendants* p. 203
3. Greenway "Salisbury: Bishops" *Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: Volume 4*
4. Kealey *Roger of Salisbury* pp. 23–24
5. Quoted in King *King Stephen* p. 55
6. Kealey *Roger of Salisbury* pp. 272–274
7. Greenway "Archdeacons: Berkshire" *Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: Volume 4: Salisbury*
8. Huscroft *Ruling England* p. 73
9. Fryde, et al. *Handbook of British Chronology* pp. 70–71
10. Fryde, et al. *Handbook of British Chronology* p. 103
11. Fryde, et al. *Handbook of British Chronology* p. 83
12. Karn "Robert de Sigillo" *English Historical Review* p. 11
13. King *King Stephen* pp. 68–69
14. King *King Stephen* p. 70 and footnote 159
15. Crouch *Reign of King Stephen* pp. 95–98
16. Yoshitake "Arrest of the Bishops" *Journal of Medieval History* p. 98
17. Kealey *Roger of Salisbury* pp. 185–187
18. West *Justiciarship* p. 24
* Crouch, David (2000). *The Reign of King Stephen: 1135–1154*. New York: Longman. ISBN 0-582-22657-0.
* Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). *Handbook of British Chronology* (Third revised ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
* Greenway, Diana E. (1991). "Archdeacons: Berkshire". *Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300*. Vol. 4: Salisbury. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
* Greenway, Diana E. (1991). "Bishops". *Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300*. Vol. 4: Salisbury. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
* Huscroft, Richard (2005). *Ruling England 1042–1217*. London: Pearson/Longman. ISBN 0-582-84882-2.
* Karn, Nicholas (June 2008). "Robert de Sigillo: An Unruly Head of the Royal Scriptorium in the 1120s and 1130s". *The English Historical Review*. **CXXIII** (502): 539–553. doi:10.1093/ehr/cen172.
* Kealey, Edward J. (1972). *Roger of Salisbury, Viceroy of England*. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-01985-7.
* Keats-Rohan, K. S. B. (1999). *Domesday Descendants: A Prosopography of Persons Occurring in English Documents, 1066–1166: Pipe Rolls to Cartae Baronum*. Ipswich, UK: Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-863-3.
* King, Edmund (2010). *King Stephen*. The English Monarchs Series. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11223-8.
* Kemp, B. R. (2004). "Roger Pauper". *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography* (revised May 2012 ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/23957. Retrieved 2 April 2013. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
* West, Francis (1966). *The Justiciarship in England 1066–1232*. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
* Yoshitake, Kenji (1988). "The Arrest of the Bishops in 1139 and its Consequences". *Journal of Medieval History*. **14** (2): 97–114. doi:10.1016/0304-4181(88)90022-X.

## InfoBox

| Roger le Poer | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Lord Chancellor | |
| **In office**
1135  June 1139 | |
| Preceded by | Robert de Sigello |
| Succeeded by | Philip de Harcourt |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | likely after 1107 |
| Died | after 1139 |
| Relations | Roger of Salisbury   father
Matilda of Ramsbury   mother |
|  | |


title: Sonny Clark Quintets

abstract: Sonny Clark Quintets is an album by jazz pianist Sonny Clark, recorded for the Blue Note label, featuring performances by Clark with two different studio quintets. The first session, from late 1957, featured Clifford Jordan, Kenny Burrell, Paul Chambers, and Pete LaRoca, and produced three tracks. The LP's remaining two tracks were recorded a few weeks later with group including Art Farmer, Jackie McLean, Chambers, and Philly Joe Jones. The three pieces recorded with Burrell and Jordan were originally scheduled to be released on album given the catalog number "BLP 1592". Blue Note decided not to complete the album begun with Jordan and Burrell, and the tracks remained unreleased during Clark's lifetime. In 1976, Blue Note combined these three tracks with two outtakes recorded in early 1958 as part of the session for the Cool Struttin' LP. The resulting LP was released in Japan as Sonny Clark Quintets. The same five pieces were subsequently re-released on a 1983 Japanese LP titled Cool Struttin' Volume 2. Sonny Clark Quintets has been reissued numerous times on compact disc. In an Allmusic review, Lee Bloom stated: "Of interest to fans of the superb hard bop pianist, this recording combines material from two separate dates. 'Royal Flush' and 'Lover' are from the January 1958 Cool Struttin' session and are available domestically on the CD release of the same name. The remaining tunes, 'Minor Meeting,' 'Eastern Incident' and 'Little Sonny,' were never released during Clark's short life — they are special for fans of Sonny, as they include guitarist Kenny Burrell. Clark rarely worked with a guitarist, although he recorded some wonderful material with Grant Green, Tal Farlow, and Jimmy Raney, three masterful players. His playing here never clashes harmonically or rhythmically with the guitar, a challenging feat for any jazz pianist. These three original tunes are also welcome additions to the consistently excellent body of work which Sonny Clark composed".

text:
# Sonny Clark Quintets

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Sonny Clark Quintets*** is an album by jazz pianist Sonny Clark, recorded for the Blue Note label, featuring performances by Clark with two different studio quintets. The first session, from late 1957, featured Clifford Jordan, Kenny Burrell, Paul Chambers, and Pete LaRoca, and produced three tracks. The LP's remaining two tracks were recorded a few weeks later with group including Art Farmer, Jackie McLean, Chambers, and Philly Joe Jones. The three pieces recorded with Burrell and Jordan were originally scheduled to be released on album given the catalog number "BLP 1592" (these tracks would be later issued as bonus tracks on the CD release of *My Conception*). Blue Note decided not to complete the album begun with Jordan and Burrell, and the tracks remained unreleased during Clark's lifetime. In 1976, Blue Note combined these three tracks with two outtakes recorded in early 1958 as part of the session for the *Cool Struttin'* LP (BLP 1588). The resulting LP was released in Japan as ***Sonny Clark Quintets*** (LNJ 70093). The same five pieces were subsequently re-released on a 1983 Japanese LP titled ***Cool Struttin' Volume 2***. *Sonny Clark Quintets* has been reissued numerous times on compact disc.

In an Allmusic review, Lee Bloom stated: "Of interest to fans of the superb hard bop pianist, this recording combines material from two separate dates. 'Royal Flush' and 'Lover' are from the January 1958 *Cool Struttin'* session and are available domestically on the CD release of the same name. The remaining tunes, 'Minor Meeting,' 'Eastern Incident' and 'Little Sonny,' were never released during Clark's short life — they are special for fans of Sonny, as they include guitarist Kenny Burrell. Clark rarely worked with a guitarist, although he recorded some wonderful material with Grant Green, Tal Farlow, and Jimmy Raney, three masterful players. His playing here never clashes harmonically or rhythmically with the guitar, a challenging feat for any jazz pianist. These three original tunes are also welcome additions to the consistently excellent body of work which Sonny Clark composed".

## Track listing

*All compositions by Sonny Clark, except as indicated* 1. "Royal Flush" - 9:03
2. "Lover" (Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart) - 7:04
3. "Minor Meeting" - 6:54
4. "Eastern Incident" - 8:14
5. "Little Sonny" - 6:32

*Recorded on December 8, 1957 (#3-5) and January 5, 1958 (#1-2).*

## Personnel

### Production

## InfoBox

| Sonny Clark Quintets | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Sonny Clark | |
| Released | 1976 |
| Recorded | December 8, 1957 & January 5, 1958
Van Gelder Studio, Hackensack, New Jersey |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 37:47 |
| Label | Blue Note
LNJ 70093 |
| Producer | Alfred Lion |
| Sonny Clark chronology | |
| *Sonny Clark Trio*
(1957) ***Sonny Clark Quintets***
(1976) *Cool Struttin'*
(1958) | |


title: Claudio Costa (doctor)

abstract: Claudio Marcello Costa is an Italian medical doctor and founder of the Mobile Clinic.

text:
# Claudio Costa (doctor)

**Claudio Marcello Costa** (born 20 February 1941, in Imola) is an Italian medical doctor and founder of the Mobile Clinic.

## Biography

Costa graduated in medicine on 3 March 1967 and over the next years achieved three specializations: in 1971 in clinical orthopaedics and traumatology, in 1973 in orthopaedic physical therapy, and in 1980 in sports medicine. He is the son of Checco Costa, who was one of the leading organisers of international motorcycle racing and the creator of the Imola circuit.

His commitment in rescuing riders starts right on the circuit of Imola, on 22 April 1957, when he saved the life of Geoff Duke, after a disastrous fall on the curve of the "mineral waters" while he was competing in the 500 class of the Golden Shell Cup on his Gilera. On that occasion, the young Claudio Costa managed to rescue Duke by dragging him from the track. He also removed Duke's bike from the course since it would have been a dangerous obstacle for other riders.

During the Imola 200, organized by his father in 1972, Claudio Costa and his young colleagues (all good friends and fans of motorcycling) volunteered to provide emergency first aid to the pilots in the event of a fall or a crash.

The innovative service became so popular that racers tried to convince the Dr. Costa and his team to follow them for the entirety of the championship. These young medics were so fond of motorbikes that – as Costa himself admitted – the team of doctors and physiotherapists was convinced "without too much toil". Among the first to realise the importance of having an expert on the track was Giacomo Agostini, who in 1974 wanted Dr. Costa at his side during the American debut at the Daytona 200.

During the first year the service was carried out by car to reach the various circuits with medical bag in tow, but in 1976 Dr. Costa to imagined a vehicle specially equipped for first aid. This innovative idea was suggested to Gino Amisano, who fully funded the initiative and then created the now famous and celebrated "Mobile Clinic".

For over thirty years Claudio Costa has been the figure of medical reference for motorcycle riders, becoming well known and appreciated by fans, experts and commentators of this sport.


title: Chichibu District, Saitama

abstract: Chichibu is a district located in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. As of 2003, the district has an estimated population 755 and a density of 77.58 persons per km⁲. The total area is 796.03 km⁲.

text:
# Chichibu District, Saitama

**Chichibu** (秩父郡, *Chichibu-gun*) is a district located in Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district has an estimated population 755 and a density of 77.58 persons per km2. The total area is 796.03 km2.

## History

According to text in the *Sendai Kuji Hongi* (*Kujiki*), there was an area called Chichibu Province during the reign of Emperor Sujin. Since ancient times, Chichibu-jinja has been the main Shinto shrine in the district.

In the Nara period, copper was discovered in the district.

In the Edo period, a pilgrimage route linked together 34 sacred sites of the old Chichibu Province

## Timeline

* 708: Deposits of the metal copper was discovered in the region and offered to the Imperial Court. The era name Wadō (和銅, meaning "Japanese copper") was proclaimed in recognition of this welcome event in the initial months of Empress Genmei's reign. The copper was used to mint *Wadō Kaihō* or *Wadō Kaichin,* which are amongst the oldest examples of coinage in Japan.
* 1884: The Chichibu incident: uprising of impoverished peasants under the influence of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement. Seven were sentenced to death and over 4,000 people were punished.
* 1889: Ōmiya town was founded.
* 1914: Chichibu Railway was opened.
* 1916: Ōmiya town was renamed Chichibu town.
* 1946 (December 1): The town of Mino was split off to the town of Minano and the villages of Misawa, Kunikami, Hinozawa, Kanazawa and Ota.
* 1948 (April 1): The district transferred the village of Yano to Kodama District.
* 1950 (April 1): The town of Chichibu changed to Chichibu City.
* 1954: Chichibu City absorbed Harase, Haraya, Hisana, Kuna, Odamaki and Otasho villages.
* 1955 (February 11): Yokoze is created when Yokoze and Agakubo villages are merged; and Tokikawa is created when Okado, Hira and Ankaku villages are merged in Hiki District.
* 1955 (March 1): Minano is created when the town of Minano and the villages of Kunikami, Kanazawa and Hinozawa are merged.
* 1955 (April 1): The town of Ogano is expanded by absorbing the village of Nagawaka.
* 1956 (March 31): The town of Ogano is expanded by absorbing the villages of Kurao and Mitagawa
* 1956 (August 1): Yoshida is expanded by absorbing Kamiyoshida village; and Higashichichibu is created by the merger of Tsukikawa and Okawahara villages.
* 1956 (September 30): The Town of Kagemori is created by the merger of Urayama and Kagemori villages.
* 1957: Chichibu City absorbed Takashino and Ōta villages.
* 1957 (March 31): Minano absorbed Misawa village.
* 1957 (May 3): Chichibu City absorbs Takajo and Ota villages.
* 1958 (May 31): Chichibu City absorbed Kagemori town.
* 1969: Seibu Railway Seibu Chichibu Line was opened.
* 1972 (November 11): Nagatoro created by renaming the town of Nogami.
* 1984 (October 1): The village of Yokoze gained town status.
* 2005 (April 1): Chichibu City absorbs Yoshida and the villages of Arakawa and Ōtaki
* 2005 (October 1): Ogano absorbs the village of Ryōkami

## Municipalities

Chichibu District has five municipalities:

## Further reading

36°01′25″N 139°00′54″E / 36.02361°N 139.01500°E / 36.02361; 139.01500


title: Judy Hofflund

abstract: Judy Hofflund is a US film producer. She worked at Creative Artists Agency and became assistant to CAA President Ron Meyer. In 2013 she said she was quitting the representation business after three decades. In 2018 she took part in the campaign "Shoot'em with a Camera, Not a Gun" to save grizzly bears from being hunted in Wyoming.

text:
# Judy Hofflund

**Judy Hofflund** is a US film producer. She worked at Creative Artists Agency and became assistant to CAA President Ron Meyer.

In 2013 she said she was quitting the representation business after three decades.

In 2018 she took part in the campaign "Shoot'em with a Camera, Not a Gun" to save grizzly bears from being hunted in Wyoming.

## Filmography

*She was a producer in all films unless otherwise noted.*

### Film

| Year | Film | Credit |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1999 | *8mm* |  |
| | *Drop Dead Gorgeous* |  |
| | *Stir of Echoes* |  |
| 2002 | *Panic Room* |  |
| 2006 | *As You Like It* |  |
| 2017 | *Murder on the Orient Express* |  |
| 2018 | *All Is True* | Executive producer |
| 2020 | *Artemis Fowl* |  |
| 2022 | *Death on the Nile* |  |
| 2023 | *A Haunting in Venice* |  |

Thanks

| Year | Film | Role |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1997 | *The Matchmaker* | Thanks |

### Television

| Year | Title | Credit | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1998 | *When Trumpets Fade* | Executive producer | Television film |


title: Valborg Platou

abstract: Valborg Platou was a Norwegian librarian, writer and art critic. She was the first Norwegian female to become the chief librarian, a position that she held for 27 years at the Bergen Public Library.

text:
# Valborg Platou

**Valborg Platou** (29 August 1839 – 29 December 1928) was a Norwegian librarian, writer and art critic. She was the first Norwegian female to become the chief librarian, a position that she held for 27 years at the Bergen Public Library.

## Biography

Born in Christiania on 29 August 1839, Valborg Platou was the daughter of Mayor Carl Nicolai Stoud Platou (1809–88) and his wife Christence Dorothea Plade Nielsen (1817–89).

Her family moved from Christiania to Bergen, where she completed her school education at Sophie Wever's women's institute. She learned number of foreign languages including German, French and English. Since her childhood, she showed interest in literary works and published a collection of poems. She also translated serials, and reviewed literature, theater and visual arts.

She started her professional career as a librarian in 1871 at the Bergen Public Library. From 1882 to 1909, she served as a chief librarian at Bergen public library and introduced number of reforms for the library's growth.

She worked as a cultural journalist, and associated with number of newspapers in Norway including *De Bergenske Adressecontoirs-Efterretninger* and *Bergens Aftenblad*.

In 1909 she received the King's Medal of Merit in gold, which is ranked eighth in the ranking of Orders, decorations, and medals of Norway. She never married.

She died in Bergen on 29 December 1928.


title: Siege of Fallujah (2016)

abstract: The siege of Fallujah was an offensive launched in February 2016 by the Iraqi government against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in al-Karmah and in the city of Fallujah, with the aim of enforcing a siege of the latter. During the early stages of the operation, local Sunni residents revolted against ISIL for a period of three days. On 22 May, after completing preparations around the city, the Iraqi Army and supporting Shi'ite militias launched the third Battle of Fallujah.

text:
# Siege of Fallujah (2016)

The **siege of Fallujah** was an offensive launched in February 2016 by the Iraqi government against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in al-Karmah and in the city of Fallujah, with the aim of enforcing a siege of the latter. During the early stages of the operation, local Sunni residents revolted against ISIL for a period of three days. On 22 May, after completing preparations around the city, the Iraqi Army and supporting Shi'ite militias launched the third Battle of Fallujah.

## Background

On 4 January 2014, ISIL, then known as the al-Qaeda-affiliated Islamic State of Iraq, captured the city of Fallujah after Iraqi government forces withdrew from the city following a five-day battle. This victory allowed ISIL to capture its first city on Iraqi soil and also allowed them to establish a stronghold only 40 kilometers (25 miles) from the Iraqi capital of Baghdad.

From April to May 2015, the \[Iraqi Army launched an offensive in and around the town of al-Karmah. During the offensive, the Iraqi Army made some limited gains in the al-Karmah area by capturing some territory in the town and building a base for a future assault to fully recapture both Fallujah and al-Karmah.

In mid-May 2015, ISIL captured Ramadi after a large series of suicide attacks during a sandstorm prompted Iraqi forces to abandon the city to ISIL. Two months later, the Iraqi security forces recovered from their loss in the Anbar's provincial capital, and on 13 July 2015, launched an offensive to recapture Anbar Province. During the offensive, ISIL suffered a major blow after they lost Ramadi to Iraqi government forces in February 2016.

On 1 February, the Iraqi Army launched an offensive on the Khalidiya Island area, which is the region located between the villages Albu Nasir and Albu Shajal, situated between Ramadi and Fallujah. On the same day, the Iraqi Army managed to capture the villages of Albu Shalib and Albu Shajal, to the northwest of Fallujah.

## The offensive

### Total siege begins

On 2 February, the Iraqi Army fully severed the last supply lines between the Khalidiya Island region and the city of Fallujah, completely besieging the city. This led to concerns that an estimated 30,000–60,000 civilians trapped in Fallujah would starve, due to the lack of airdropped supplies into the city. On 10 February, it was reported that the Iraqi Army had fully recaptured the Khalidiya District, including the Khalidiya Island area.

### Fallujah revolt and al-Karmah offensive

From 15 to 19 February, the Iraqi Army launched an offensive into the town of al-Karmah, located northeast of Fallujah, killing dozens of ISIL militants.

On 18 February, a large number of local Sunni tribesmen revolted against ISIL, after ISIL beat a woman, among other restrictive practices enforced by ISIL's Hisbah secret police, amid the ongoing siege. ISIL was reported to have withdrawn into Fallujah city, after local Sunnis burned the Hisbah headquarters and clashes spread. On 20 February, the clashes began to decrease as ISIL began carrying out mass arrests, and it was reported that there were still some Sunni fighters who were pinned down in parts of Fallujah, who would likely be massacred if the Iraqi government or the US-led CJTF–OIR coalition did not intervene. On 21 February, the Iraqi Army began shelling ISIL positions on the outskirts of Fallujah, in support of the Sunni tribal fighters. Late on 21 February, ISIL crushed the revolt, and detained 180 men. On the same day, the Iraqi Army deployed reinforcements to Fallujah in preparation to storm the city.

On 23 February, the Iraqi Army fully recaptured the town of al-Karmah after they destroyed ISIL's last stronghold in the town.

On 24 February, a CJTF–OIR coalition airstrike killed 30 ISIL militants in the Karama sub-district, just east of Fallujah.

### Tightening the siege

On 25 February, the Iraqi governor of Anbar province stated that the battle for Fallujah would begin soon, and that it would be much shorter than the battle for Ramadi. On the same day, the Iraqi Army tightened their siege on Fallujah, pushing into the outskirts of the city and securing all of the bridges leading into the city. On the same day, the Iraqi Army cleared the Albu Daeig district in southern Fallujah, killing 19 ISIL militants. It was also reported that ISIL was using food as a weapon in Fallujah, denying food supplies to the people it suspected of having links to the rebel tribesmen or being non-ISIL sympathizers.

On 27 February, the Iraqi government reported that 600 ISIL fighters had managed to flee Fallujah to nearby areas, and to the city of Mosul. After the defections, local sources estimated that there were only 400 ISIL militants remaining inside Fallujah city. On 28 February, the Shi'ite militia forces repelled an ISIL counterattack on al-Karmah, which was described as one of the largest attacks on the town. Later on the same day, Iraqi government forces repelled a massive ISIL suicide attack in Abu Ghraib and western Baghdad, which was the largest attack carried out by the group in the area in nearly two years. The assault left 48 ISIL militants and 23 Iraqi soldiers dead.

On 4 April, Iraqi security forces killed 150 ISIL fighters near Fallujah. CJTF–OIR coalition spokesman Col. Steve Warren said that US forces in Iraq could not confirm the number of extremist fighters killed, but some 100 militants were killed on the same day by airstrikes conducted by the coalition, which could have been part of the tally.

On 6 April, eight Iraqi soldiers were killed in an attack launched by ISIL on a military barracks in al-Ma'amel village, east of Fallujah. On 9 April, ten civilians were killed and 25 others were injured after Iraqi Army airstrikes and artillery shelling targeted the al-Fallujah market and Nezal district in the downtown area of the city. On 10 April, six ISIL militants were killed by Iraqi Army artillery shelling in the area of Falahat, west of the city.

On 21 April, the US-led coalition conducted an airstrike on an ISIL gathering in the Ahsi area near Amiriyah Fallujah, killing the top ISIL commander in southern Fallujah, along with six of his assistants. On 26 April, warplanes bombarded a number of areas in al-Resala, central Fallujah, resulting in the death of eight civilians, including three children, and wounding 13 others. On 27 April, six ISIL militants were killed and five others were wounded, when the Iraqi Army bombarded ISIL positions in the city with artillery. On 28 April, coalition aircraft conducted three airstrikes on ISIL headquarters in the al-Rofah area, north of al-Karma District, killing 15 ISIL terrorists, including three leaders, named Khattab al-Halabusi, Aush al-Shami, and Mosadaq Abdel Galil. Meanwhile, an ISIL vehicle carrying machine guns was also destroyed.

On 30 April, unidentified fighters attacked a gathering of ISIL militants near the Alwa area in the al-Joulan neighborhood, in central Fallujah, killing seven ISIL militants. On 2 May, Iraqi security forces carried out a large-scale military operation targeting ISIL gatherings in the al-Falahat area, killing 15 ISIL members and injuring ten others, as well as bombing a laboratory for manufacturing booby-trapped vehicles.

On 3 May, the Iraqi Army and allied militia forces launched an offensive in the southern Fallujah area, capturing the areas between Amiriyah and Fallujah city. By the next day, Iraqi government forces had come within 3 kilometers of Fallujah's southern entrance, capturing four villages, killing 100 ISIL militants, and destroying ten ISIL tunnels.

On the morning of 5 May, violent clashes broke out between two ISIL factions belonging in Nazzal neighborhood, in central Fallujah, after the theft of 700 million dinars that were deposited with one of the ISIL leaders called Jabbar Auf, resulting in the killing of ten ISIL members and injuring eight others. Meanwhile, Anbar Operations Commander Major General Ismail Mahlawi told Anadolu Agency that the Iraqi Army had captured five areas of the city.

On 7 May, Iraqi security forces conducted operations that targeted the headquarters and gatherings of ISIL in the areas of al-Hur and Zebin al-Hanshl in the vicinity of Amiriyah Fallujah, resulting in the death of 25 ISIL elements.

On 8 May, coalition warplanes carried out an airstrike on ISIL positions in south of Fallujah, killing 14 ISIL militants. Warplanes also destroyed three car bombs and killed their suicide bombers as they were trying to attack Iraqi security forces in the same area near Fallujah.

On 9 May, the Iraqi Air Force bombarded two ISIL buildings, two caches of weapons, and 60 rocket launchers in the area of Albu Shehab and Amiriyah Fallujah. Earlier on the same the day, 20 ISIL militants were killed during an aerial bombardment in south of Fallujah. Between 4–9 May, 140 ISIL militants were killed in clashes in the western and southern suburbs of Fallujah.

On 10 May, it was reported that 2,000 families were trapped in two villages, Albu Huwa and Hasai, and were being used as human shields by ISIL.

On 11 May, eight ISIL militants were killed and two more were wounded, as coalition warplanes conducted two airstrikes against a booby-trapped ISIL vehicle near the Fallahat and Halabisah villages.

On 14 May, ISIL forces claimed to have killed 100+ Iraqi forces in a large suicide attack at the residential compound in Amiriyah Fallujah. Another report put the death toll at 70 soldiers and one policeman.

## Aftermath – late May offensive

On 22 May, after the prolonged siege, the Iraqi Army announced that it was building up its forces around Fallujah, in preparation for a large-scale assault on the city that would soon be initiated. According to Iraqi military leaders, these plans were in place to build on the momentum from a recent victory against ISIL in the town of Rutbah and were also in place to degrade ISIL's ability to conduct suicide bombings in Baghdad; the recent Baghdad attacks that killed up to 200 civilians were widely believed to have come out of Fallujah. The army sent messages to besieged residents to "be prepared to leave Fallujah through secured routes that will be announced later." According to the UNHCR, 80 families had managed to escape before 24 May, however, the danger was made clear through civilian contacts who said that ISIL death squads "will kill anybody in Fallujah who leaves their house or waves a white flag."

The Popular Mobilization Forces declared on 23 May that they had captured Sejar and fully captured al-Karmah, about 16 kilometers (10 miles) northeast of Fallujah, bringing most of the territory east of Fallujah under government control. They also announced the liberation of al-Harariyat, al-Shahabi and al-Dwaya and the killing of 40 ISIL militants during the military operation. The Iraqi government announced that pro-government fighters had captured the villages of Luhaib and Albu Khanfar on 24 May.

On 25 May, 16 towns and districts on the eastern outskirts of Fallujah were cleared by Iraqi security forces. An additional 123 ISIL militants, 15 civilians and 35 Iraqi forces and militiamen were killed in clashes which gained the Iraqi army control over the remaining districts in the southeast, allowing them to create a corridor that cut the ISIL-controlled zone into two sections. According to Qasm Araji, a member of the defense committee, the advancing forces were continuously gaining ground and "nearing Fallujah's Eastern gate."

## Humanitarian impact

The refugees in Abu Ghraib camp

As the siege tightened and shortages intensified, tens of thousands of Iraqis trapped in Fallujah were left without regular access to food and medicine. While Iraqi authorities stated that there were 50,000 people left in the city during the siege, local sources said the number was as high as 196,000. Many human rights experts deemed the situation in Fallujah as a humanitarian disaster, and the situation only became more dire after 22 May 2016, when the Iraqi Army launched a direct assault on the city.

Supplies were available in some stores, but only for ISIL fighters or sympathizers, according to local reports. Iraqi officials said that negotiations led by the International Red Cross were ongoing in an attempt to get ISIL to allow some aid teams to enter into the city and provide basic assistance. Hekmat Sulaiman, the spokesperson for the governor of Anbar province, said that the Iraqi Army had tried to deliver food to the civilians, but that ISIL had blocked the efforts. A senior federal security official confirmed that negotiations were ongoing, but declined to specify whether the talks were happening with ISIL leaders inside the city, or elsewhere.

The Iraqi government did not prepare the residents of Fallujah with assistance before cutting off supply lines at the start of the siege. The destruction of the city's infrastructure by airstrikes only intensified the humanitarian disaster. Houses, schools, sewage pipes, and electric and water lines became increasingly unusable by the residents left in the city, and there were documented reports that women and children were forced to sleep outside in the harsh weather. Some residents reported that they had no fuel to heat themselves during the cold winter. Many residents were unable to access the medical care and supplies they needed, an issue which intensified after Fallujah hospital was shelled during the subsequent offensive in late May.

### Enforced disappearances and executions

As the Iraqi Army tightened its siege of the city, local reports indicated that ISIL grew bloodier and more desperate, terrorizing and increasing its aggression against Fallujah's residents. ISIL death squads were reportedly roaming the streets, saying they will kill anybody in Fallujah who leaves their house or waves a white flag.

On 30 March, a commander of the Popular Mobilization Forces units, Colonel Mahmoud Mardi Jumaili, said ISIL killed 35 people in the central district of Fallujah after accusing them of attempting to escape from the city. On 4 April, ISIL reportedly burned 15 civilians to death for trying to escape Fallujah. On 14 April, a security source said ISIL militants began a massive offensive in the al-Halabese and al-Bualawan areas of Western Fallujah, abducting at least 100 Iraqi civilians. ISIL elements took the abducted civilians to the organization's prisons in the city.

Iraqi pro-government militia groups also participated in systematically abducting and executing civilians who fled the area, claiming that they were associated with ISIL. It has since become clear that the Shia militia groups (associated with the Popular Mobilization Forces) deliberately targeted families who were known to be Sunni Arabs for the furtherance of their sectarian agenda. In several instances, entire families were either disappeared or executed, which lent evidence to the fact that fighting ISIL was often a pretext for sectarian violence. Most of those civilians abducted by the militias were disappeared; to this day, their locations and whereabouts remain unknown.

In 2020, the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) published a report regarding the enforced disappearances from Anbar province during this time. Evidence included in the report estimated that around 1,000 civilians were subject to enforced disappearances and "related violations." However, there is credible evidence that the number of individuals forcibly disappeared from Fallujah and surrounding areas, both during the siege and in the subsequent battle, is much higher. The report also notes that little progress has been made in locating forcibly disappeared civilians.

For more information on violations in 2015-2016 in the Anbar province, see Third Battle of Fallujah.

33°25′00″N 43°18′00″E / 33.4167°N 43.3000°E / 33.4167; 43.3000

## InfoBox

| Siege of Fallujah (2016) | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the War in Iraq and the Anbar campaign (2015–16) | |
|
The beginning of the Operation Breaking Terrorism in the next phase of the struggle for Fallujah. | |
| Date 2 February 2016 – 22 May 2016
(3 months, 2 weeks and 6 days)  Location Fallujah and Al-Karmah, Anbar Governorate, Iraq  Result | |
| Belligerents | |
| **Iraq**
**Iran**
*Air support*: | **Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant** |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Haider al-Abadi (Prime Minister of Iraq)
Maj. Gen. Fadhil Barwari
(ICTS commander)
Suhaib al-Rawi (Governor of Anbar)
Issa Sayyar Al Isawi (Mayor of Fallujah)
Sayeer al-Essawie (Iraqi Major of Fallujah)
Qasem Soleimani (Head of the Quds Force) | Abu Waheeb  (Top ISIL commander in Anbar)
Hussein Alawi  (ISIL commander in south Fallujah)
Ayad Marzouk al-Anbari  (Senior ISIL Fallujah commander) |
| Units involved | |
| ISOF | Military of ISIL
* Secret Police Force (Al-Hisbah) |
| Strength | |
| 11,000–14,500 fighters
* 7,000–10,500 Iraqi soldiers * 4,000 Shi'ite militiamen | 4,000 militants |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 180+ Iraqi tribesmen captured, and 10 executed | 520+ killed (By 20 May) |
| 140 civilians dead from starvation
Hundreds of people executed | |
| 90,000 civilians are besieged in Fallujah (April 2016 estimate) | |


title: Bo'ao

abstract: Bo'ao is a coastal town in the city of Qionghai, Hainan, China. The town is near the mouth of the Wanquan River where it discharges into the South China Sea. The town is 17 km (11 mi) away from downtown Qionghai, 105 km (65 mi) away from Haikou and 180 km (110 mi) away from Sanya. Bo'ao is famous for the Boao Forum for Asia, an international organisation whose venue is permanently located on Bo'ao's largest island, Dongyu Island (东屿岛).

text:
# Bo'ao

**Bo'ao** is a coastal town in the city of Qionghai, Hainan, China.

The town is near the mouth of the Wanquan River where it discharges into the South China Sea. The town is 17 km (11 mi) away from downtown Qionghai, 105 km (65 mi) away from Haikou and 180 km (110 mi) away from Sanya.

Bo'ao is famous for the Boao Forum for Asia, an international organisation whose venue is permanently located on Bo'ao's largest island, Dongyu Island (东屿岛).

## Transportation

Bo'ao railway station serves this town.

## Song about Bo'ao

In 2018, French singer Dantès Dailiang and Chinese singer Eva release two songs in four languages (Chinese, Russian, French and English) and two music video clips about Bo'ao.

## InfoBox

| Bo'ao 博鳌镇Boao | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Downtown Bo'ao | |
| Bo'aoLocation in Hainan | |
| Coordinates: 19°09′38″N 110°34′51″E / 19.16056°N 110.58083°E / 19.16056; 110.58083 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hainan |
| County-level city | Qionghai |
| Area | |
| Total | 12 sq mi (31 km2) |
| Population | |
| Total | 10,000 |
| Density | 840/sq mi (320/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 571434 |
| Area code | 0898 |


title: Chinja

abstract: Chinja is a genus of Tanzanian araneomorph spiders in the family Zoropsidae, first described by D. Polotow & C. Griswold in 2018. As of April 2019 it contains only two species.

text:
# Chinja

***Chinja*** is a genus of Tanzanian araneomorph spiders in the family Zoropsidae, first described by D. Polotow & C. Griswold in 2018. As of April 2019 it contains only two species.

## InfoBox

| *Chinja* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Zoropsidae |
| Genus: | *Chinja*
Polotow & Griswold, 2018 |
|
| Type species | |
| *C. chinja* Polotow & Griswold, 2018
 | |
| Species | |
|  | |


title: Three Officials Temple Scenic Area

abstract: The Three Officials Temple Scenic Area is a public park located on the southern bank of the Yellow River near the city center of Jinan, Shandong, China. Within the park is the site of a former temple dedicated to three legendary rulers in ancient China. Two of the rulers, Yao and Shun belonged to the five emperors of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors. The third ruler commemorated by the temple was Yu the Great, who is venerated for having introduced flood control in China. The temple's foundation was triggered by flood damage to nearby Gaijiagou Village in 1882. The villagers collected money and by 1911, the temple had become a site of worship. It was destroyed in 1958 by a fire. Rebuilding of the site started in 1999, once again with donations from the inhabitants of Gaijiagou Village.

text:
# Three Officials Temple Scenic Area

36°43′19.31″N 117°01′27.35″E / 36.7220306°N 117.0242639°E / 36.7220306; 117.0242639 The **Three Officials Temple Scenic Area** (Chinese: ; pinyin: *Sānguānmiào Jǐngqū*) is a public park located on the southern bank of the Yellow River near the city center of Jinan, Shandong, China. Within the park is the site of a former temple dedicated to three legendary rulers in ancient China. Two of the rulers, Yao and Shun belonged to the five emperors of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors. The third ruler commemorated by the temple was Yu the Great, who is venerated for having introduced flood control in China. The temple's foundation was triggered by flood damage to nearby Gaijiagou Village in 1882. The villagers collected money and by 1911, the temple had become a site of worship. It was destroyed in 1958 by a fire. Rebuilding of the site started in 1999, once again with donations from the inhabitants of Gaijiagou Village.


title: Let This Feeling

abstract: "Let This Feeling" is a song by Dutch TV host, singer and MTV VJ Simone Angel, who also co-wrote it. Produced by Italian Eurodance act Cappella, it was released in 1993 by A&M Records and became a European hit; a top-10 hit in Finland and Israel, and a top-20 hit in Austria, Lithuania and Switzerland. The music video for the song was directed by Scottish director Matthew Glamorre. It featured Angel dancing in a silver flashing kaleidoscope thing and flying on a pegasus sculpture. The sculpture was made by English sculptor, performance artist, jewellery-maker, and portraitist Andrew Logan.

text:
# Let This Feeling

"**Let This Feeling**" is a song by Dutch TV host, singer and MTV VJ Simone Angel, who also co-wrote it. Produced by Italian Eurodance act Cappella, it was released in 1993 by A&M Records and became a European hit; a top-10 hit in Finland and Israel, and a top-20 hit in Austria, Lithuania and Switzerland. The music video for the song was directed by Scottish director Matthew Glamorre. It featured Angel dancing in a silver flashing kaleidoscope thing and flying on a pegasus sculpture. The sculpture was made by English sculptor, performance artist, jewellery-maker, and portraitist Andrew Logan.

## Chart performance

"Let This Feeling" charted in many European countries, becoming a top-3 hit in Finland as well as a top-20 hit in Austria (17), Lithuania (11), and Switzerland (15). In Germany, it reached number 38, spending eight weeks within the German Singles Chart. In the UK, the single only reached number 60 on the UK Singles Chart, with one week within the chart. But it became a club hit, peaking at numbers 33 and 20 on the UK Dance chart and the *Record Mirror* Club Chart. "Let This Feeling" debuted on the Eurochart Hot 100 at number 78 on 11 December 1993, after charting in Denmark, Finland and Sweden. It peaked at number 51 in January 1994. Outside Europe, the song was successful in Israel, becoming a top-10 hit (8).

## Track listing

* **7" single, Italy**

1. "Let This Feeling" (Crystal Clear Remix) – 5:38
2. "Let This Feeling" (Clean Remix) – 6:00
3. "Let This Feeling" (Mix 3)
4. "Let This Feeling" (Mix 4)
5. "Let This Feeling" (X Club Cut) – 5:40
6. "Let This Feeling" (XX Dub Cut) – 5:00
7. "Let This Feeling" (Mix 7)

* **CD single, Europe**

1. "Let This Feeling" (Radio Mix) – 3:59
2. "Let This Feeling" (Trance Mix) – 6:07

* **CD maxi, Europe**

1. "Let This Feeling" (Radio Mix) – 3:59
2. "Let This Feeling" (Crystal Clear Mix) – 5:38
3. "Let This Feeling" (X Club Cut) – 5:40
4. "When Love Rules the World" (Radio Mix) – 3:49

## Charts

| Chart (1993) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 17 |
| Europe (Eurochart Hot 100) | 51 |
| Finland (Suomen virallinen lista) | 3 |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 38 |
| Israel (Israeli Singles Chart) | 8 |
| Lithuania (M-1) | 11 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 26 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 15 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 60 |
| UK Dance (*Music Week*) | 33 |
| UK Club Chart (*Music Week*) | 20 |

## InfoBox

| "Let This Feeling" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Simone Angel | |
| B-side | "Remix" |
| Released | 1993 |
| Genre | Eurodance |
| Length | 3:59 |
| Label | A&M Records |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Cappella |
| Simone Angel singles chronology | |
| "When Love Rules the World"
(1991) "**Let This Feeling**"
(1993) "Walk on Water"
(1994) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Let This Feeling" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: St Lawrence, Queensland

abstract: St Lawrence is a rural town and locality in the Isaac Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of St Lawrence had a population of 245 people.

text:
# St Lawrence, Queensland

**St Lawrence** is a rural town and locality in the Isaac Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of St Lawrence had a population of 245 people.

## Geography

St Lawrence is located 802 kilometres (498 mi) north of Brisbane and 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) off the Bruce Highway.The town is located south of St Lawrence Creek, which flows into a vast bay known as Broad Sound, a waterway noted for its large tidal range (up to 9 metres (30 ft) in the summer).

The North Coast railway line passes through the town, which is served by St Lawrence railway station.

Newport is a neighbourhood within the locality, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south-east of the town (22°22′07″S 149°33′57″E / 22.3686°S 149.5658°E / -22.3686; 149.5658 (Newport)).

## History

St Lawrence is located on Koinmerburra Country; the Custodians of this land are the Koinjmal People.

British settlement in the area began circa 1860 when John Arthur Macartney established Waverley pastoral station. The township of St Lawrence was originally established to maintain the Customs Office for the Port of St Lawrence. It takes its name from one of the blocks on the Waverley pastoral station.

The St Lawrence State School opened on 28 May 1871.

Anglican services were held quarterly in the St Lawrence Courthouse (now the St Lawrence Police Station) until the opening of the meatworks in 1893 attracted sufficient residents to establish a church. In March 1898, Vicar Arthur Henry Julius purchased 5 acres (2.0 ha) of land at the end of Macartney Street (the main street through the town) where he said the church would be "conspicuous". The foundation block for Christ Church Anglican was laid on Saturday 21 May 1898 by Thomas Byrnes, the new Queensland Premier (and Queensland's first Roman Catholic Premier). The church was designed by Rockhampton architect, Alfred Mowbray Hutton, to seat around 100 people with a classroom for Sunday School and a bedroom for visiting clergy. The contractors were Newman Bros of Rockhampton.

The St Lawrence Library opened in 2001.

St Lawrence was the administrative centre of the Shire of Broadsound until 2008, when the shire was amalgamated with the Shire of Belyando and the Shire of Nebo to form the Isaac Region local government area. Moranbah is the administrative centre of the new region but the former Broadsound Shire offices at 36 Macartney Street are still used as the local offices of the Isaac Regional Council. The building was described in 2004 as "a disarmingly elegant building which seems quite out of place in this otherwise undistinguished town".

Once a prosperous port town, exporting cattle from the hinterland, in 2019, many residents were DIDO coal miners.

## Demographics

In the 2006 census, the locality of St Lawrence and the surrounding area had a population of 195 people.

In the 2011 census, the locality of St Lawrence had a population of 396 people.

In the 2016 census, the locality of St Lawrence had a population of 235 people.

In the 2021 census, the locality of St Lawrence had a population of 245 people.

## Heritage listings

St Lawrence has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

## Education

St Lawrence State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at Macartney Street (22°20′42″S 149°31′47″E / 22.3449°S 149.5297°E / -22.3449; 149.5297 (St Lawrence State School)). In 2015, it had an enrolment of 10 students with 2 teachers (1 equivalent full-time). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 9 students with 2 teachers (1 full-time equivalent) and 6 non-teaching staff (2 full-time equivalent). The school motto is 'Knowledge, Truth, Honesty'.

The original school was opened on 28 May 1871 but it was completely destroyed by a cyclone on 22 January 1874 and had to be rebuilt. A new school building was officially opened on 17 June 1938. The school was completely destroyed by fire on 30 October 2007. A mobile classroom was transported from Brisbane as the school's permanent replacement. A wishing well handcrafted by Jack Dempsey was installed at the site and dedicated in 2008 in remembrance of the previous school building.

St Lawrence State School celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2021.

There is no secondary school in St Lawrence nor nearby. Distance education and boarding school are options.

## Amenities

The Isaac Regional Council operates a public library at 22 Railway Parade (22°21′04″S 149°31′24″E / 22.3510°S 149.5233°E / -22.3510; 149.5233 (St Lawrence public library)).

Christ Church Anglican is on Cannon Street at the junction with Macartney Street (22°20′45″S 149°32′16″E / 22.3458°S 149.5378°E / -22.3458; 149.5378 (Christ Church Anglican)). It is part of the Parish of North Rockhampton (also known as the All Saints Anglican Community) within the Anglican Church of Central Queensland.

## Events

Each June, an annual eco festival called "Wetlands Weekend" is held in St Lawrence to celebrate the wetlands and local produce. First held in 2008 to raise awareness of the importance of wetland conservation, the event incorporates various cultural activities, workshops, environmental art, musical performances as well as a 'Welcome to Wetlands' evening, a 'farm to plate' seafood lunch and a bush dinner. There are also celebrity appearances from personalities such as *Gardening Australia* presenter Costa Georgiadis and celebrity chef Matt Golinski. Isaac Regional Council credited the 2019 event for adding $121,000 to the local economy.

## InfoBox

| St Lawrence
Queensland | |
| --- | --- |
| View along St Lawrence's main street | |
| St Lawrence | |
| Coordinates | 22°20′44″S 149°32′07″E / 22.3455°S 149.5352°E / -22.3455; 149.5352 (St Lawrence (town centre)) |
| Population | 245 (2021 census) |
| • Density | 0.1773/km2 (0.4592/sq mi) |
| Postcode(s) | 4707 |
| Elevation | 18 m (59 ft) |
| Area | 1,381.8 km2 (533.5 sq mi) |
| Time zone | AEST (UTC+10:00) |
| Location |  |
| LGA(s) | Isaac Region |
| State electorate(s) | Mirani |
| Federal division(s) | Capricornia |
| **Mean max temp** **Mean min temp** **Annual rainfall**  31.8 °C
89 °F 10.9 °C
52 °F 1,018.6 mm
40.1 in | |
| **Localities around St Lawrence:**  Collaroy Clairview *The Percy Group*  Lotus Creek St Lawrence *The Percy Group*  Clarke Creek Ogmore Ogmore | |


title: China National Highway 302

abstract: China National Highway 302 (G302) runs from Hunchun in Jilin to Ulanhot in Inner Mongolia. It is 1,028 kilometres (639 mi) in length. On the Hunchun end, the highway strays into Russia at seven points along its parallel of the border within its first 50 kilometers.

text:
# China National Highway 302

**China National Highway 302** (**G302**) runs from Hunchun in Jilin to Ulanhot in Inner Mongolia. It is 1,028 kilometres (639 mi) in length. On the Hunchun end, the highway strays into Russia at seven points along its parallel of the border within its first 50 kilometers (31 miles).

## Route and distance

| **Route and distance** |
| --- |
| City Distance (km)  Hunchun, Jilin 0  Tumen, Jilin 64  Yanji, Jilin 110  Antu County, Jilin 184  Dunhua, Jilin 249  Jiaohe, Jilin 358  Jilin City, Jilin 466  Changchun, Jilin 585  Nong'an, Jilin 649  Qian Gorlos, Jilin 740  Da'an, Jilin 806  Baicheng, Jilin 941  Ulan Hot, Inner Mongolia 1,028 kilometres (639 mi) |

## InfoBox

| National Highway 302 | |
| --- | --- |
| 302国道 | |
|  | |
| Route information | |
| Length | 1,028 km (639 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| From | Hunchun in Jilin |
| To | Ulanhot in Inner Mongolia |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | China |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| G301   G303 | |


title: Jorge Elgueta

abstract: Jorge Elgueta is a former Argentine male volleyball player and current coach. He was part of the Argentina men's national volleyball team. He competed with the national team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, USA and at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.

text:
# Jorge Elgueta

**Jorge Elgueta** (born 21 November 1969) is a former Argentine male volleyball player and current coach. He was part of the Argentina men's national volleyball team. He competed with the national team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, USA and at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.

1. Jorge Elgueta profile at CEV
2. "Jorge Elgueta". volleyball-movies.net. 18 September 2015.
3. "Argentina men's volleyball roster at FIVB.com". *2004 Athens*. FIVB. 18 September 2015.

## InfoBox

| Jorge Elgueta | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Nationality | Argentine |
| Born | (1969-11-21) 21 November 1969 |
| Height | 1.96 m (6 ft 5 in) |
| Weight | 96 kg (212 lb) |
| Spike | 353 cm (139 in) |
| Block | 333 cm (131 in) |
| Coaching information | |
| Previous teams coached  Years Teams  2012–2014
2014
2015–2016
2017
2019–2021
2021–2022
2024–  Obras de San Juan
AEK
Al Jazira
PAOK
Unión Vecinal de Trinidad
Al Jazira
Bahrain | |
| Volleyball information | |
| Current club | Bahrain men's national volleyball team |
| Career | |
| Years Teams  1985–1991
1991–1993
1993–1995
1995–1996
1996–1998
1998–1999
1999–2000
2001–2002
2002–2003
2003–2004
2004–2005
2005–2006
2006
2006–2007
2008–2010  Obras de San Juan
TuS Kriftel
Chacarita de Azul
Frangosul/Ginástica
Unicaja Almería
Caffé Motta Salerno
Carifano Fano
Orestiada
A.E. Nikaia
Espi Pòrtol
Obras de San Juan
E.A. Patras
Gigantes de Carolina
Olympiacos
Le Unión de Formosa | |
| National team | |
| 1994–2007  Argentina | |