title: Ryszard Stadniuk

abstract: Ryszard Tadeusz Stadniuk is a Polish rower who competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics and in the 1980 Summer Olympics. He was born in Szczecin. In 1976 he was a crew member of the Polish boat which finished sixth in the Coxed pair event. Four years later he won the bronze medal with the Polish boat in the 1980 coxed fours competition. At the same Olympics he also competed with the Polish team in the 1980 eights contest and finished ninth.

text:
# Ryszard Stadniuk

**Ryszard Tadeusz Stadniuk** (born 27 October 1951) is a Polish rower who competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics and in the 1980 Summer Olympics.

He was born in Szczecin.

In 1976 he was a crew member of the Polish boat which finished sixth in the Coxed pair event.

Four years later he won the bronze medal with the Polish boat in the 1980 coxed fours competition. At the same Olympics he also competed with the Polish team in the 1980 eights contest and finished ninth.

## InfoBox

Ryszard Stadniuk
| Ryszard Stadniuk | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Birth name | Ryszard Tadeusz Stadniuk |
| Born | (1951-10-27) 27 October 1951<br>Szczecin |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Rowing |
| Medal record      Men's rowing  Representing  Poland  Olympic Games  1980 Moscow Coxed four  World Rowing Championships  1975 Nottingham  Coxed pair | |


title: Brand New Unit

abstract: Brand New Unit, commonly known as BNU, was a Canadian Hardcore punk band from suburban Vancouver, British Columbia. Its members were Gary Lavallee (vocals), Jinx Stringer (guitar), Ben Hughes (bass), and Garnet Kulhavy (drums). Kulhavy would later be replaced by Gob drummer Gabe Mantle.

text:
# Brand New Unit

**Brand New Unit**, commonly known as **BNU**, was a Canadian Hardcore punk band from suburban Vancouver, British Columbia. Its members were Gary Lavallee (vocals), Jinx Stringer (guitar), Ben Hughes (bass), and Garnet Kulhavy (drums). Kulhavy would later be replaced by Gob drummer Gabe Mantle.

## History

The band formed in 1991 in Surrey, B.C. and started out playing locally and in Vancouver.

In 1992 they were winners of CITR-FM's 1982 SHiNDiG live performance contest, which awarded them some studio time. They used it to record their first EP, *Summertime*. Influences of 7 Seconds and Dag Nasty can be heard on *Summertime* with Kulhavy, while later recordings feature a more post-hardcore feel with hard-hitting live elements.

In 1993, they were included on *Crank It Up - Volume 11*, part of *Thrasher Magazine'*s Skate Rock series. In 1994, they released their first album, *Under The Big Top*.

Brand New Unit toured constantly and expanded their following into the US market. In 1995, they released three EPs and, by 1997, had enough material to release a compilation album, *Looking Back Again*.

In 1998 the band released the album *Diddly Squat* through the Creative Man label. In 1999, they released a split EP with Kill Sadie, and were included in a VML Records compilation album with The Pist, Supernova and The Gain. They released one more EP in 1999 and broke up in 2000.

In February, 2010, Brand New Unit played a reunion show in Vancouver. They continued to play occasionally, last appearing in Victoria in 2018.

In October 2021, Gary Lavallee passed away; his cause of death was not released. In November 2021, Garnet Kulhavy died of COVID-19.

## Discography

**Albums**

* *Under The Big Top* (1994), Excursion Records
* *Looking Back Again* (1997), BYO Records
* *Diddley Squat* (1998), Creative Man Disc

**EPs**

* *Summertime* 7" (1992), 3 Minute Mile Records
* *All For Nothing* 7" (1995), HeartFirst Records
* *Quickdraw Richy Rich* (1995), HeartFirst Records
* *No Heroes* (1995), HeartFirst Records
* *Kill Sadie + Brand New Unit* Split 7" (1999), Modern Radio Record Label
* *Empty Useless Air* (1999), Burning Heart Records

## InfoBox

| Brand New Unit | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Surrey, British Columbia, Canada |
| Genres | Hardcore punk
Melodic Hardcore |
| Years active | 1991-2000 |
| Labels | 3 Minute Mile Records, Excursion Records, Creative Man Disc, BYO Records, HeartFirst Records, Burning Heart Records, Modern Radio Record Label |
|  | |
| Members | Gary Lavallee†
Jinx Stringer
Ben Hughes
Garnet Kulhavy†
Gabe Mantle |


title: Ryōko Nagata

abstract: Ryōko Nagata is a freelance Japanese voice actress.

text:
# Ryōko Nagata

**Ryōko Nagata** (永田 亮子, *Nagata Ryōko*, born February 23, 1975 in Gifu) is a freelance Japanese voice actress.

## Filmography

### Anime

| Year | Title | Roles | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1998 | *Magical Stage Fancy Lala* | Child actress |  |
| 1999 | *Power Stone* | Rogue |  |
| 1999 | *Cybuster* | Sayuri Ando | Masou Kinshin Cybuster |
| 2000 | *Lupin III: Missed by a Dollar* | Child actress |  |
| 2001 | *Geneshaft* | Ling, Emma |  |
| 2001 | *Go! Go! Itsutsugo Land* | Kurumi-sensei |  |
| 2001 | *Rune Soldier* | Joan |  |
| 2002 | *Azumanga Daioh* | Kaorin's Mother, Female Student A, Announcer (ep6), Female Bank (ep8),Store Clerk (ep 9), Nurse (ep 24) |  |
| 2002 | *Heat Guy J* | Cynthia |  |
| 2002-2003 | *Kiddy Grade* | Éclair |  |
| 2003 | *Mermaid Melody Pichi Pichi Pitch* | Noel |  |
| 2003 | *Last Exile* | Wina Lightning |  |
| 2004 | *Uta Kata* | Hinata Sensei |  |
| 2005 | *Onegai My Melody* | Mana's Mother |  |
| 2005 | *Canvas 2: Akane-iro no Palette* | Aya Misaki | Episode 4 |
| 2005 | *Solty Rei* | Jeremy Kobel |  |
| 2006 | *The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya* | Takako Nakanishi |  |
| 2006 | *Black Blood Brothers* | Mimiko Katsuragi |  |
| 2006 | *Red Garden* | Emma Ashley |  |
| 2008 | *Stitch!* | Kawasaki-sensei |  |
| 2009 | *Kiddy Girl-and* | Eclair |  |
| 2011 | *Last Exile* | Lina Lighting | Fam, The Silver Wing |
| 2014-2019 | *Yo-kai Watch* | Keita's Mother, Kyubi, Oiran, Hikikomori, Donyorinne, Mekabu-chan, Katanori-kozo/oyakata |  |
| 2016-2017 | *Maho Girls PreCure* | Chikurun |  |
| 2020 | *Detective Conan* | Aiko Midorikawa | ep. 972 |
|

### Movies

| Year | Title | Roles | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2007 | *Kiddy Grade: Ignition* | Eclair |  |
| 2007 | *Kiddy Grade: Maelstrom* | Eclair |  |
| 2007 | *Kiddy Grade: Truth of Dawn* | Eclair |  |
| 2014 | *Yo-kai Watch: The Movie* | Keita's Mother, Kyubi, Oiran, Hikikomori, Donyorinne, Mekabu-chan, Katanori-kozo/oyakata | Yo-kai Watch: Tanjō no Himitsu da Nyan! |

### OVA/ONA

| Year | Title | Roles | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2001-2002 | *Magical Play 2D* | Ketchup | OVA |
| 2001 | *Magical Play 3D* | Ketchup | ONA |
| 2005 | *Growlanser IV* | Remus |  |

### Video games

| Year | Title | Roles | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2001 | *Eithea* | Prada |  |
| 2003 | *Growlanser: Wayfarer of Time* | Remus |  |
| 2004 | *Inuyasha: The Secret of the Cursed Mask* | Kaname Kururugi | Main female playable character |
| 2005 | *Shadow Hearts: From the New World* | Shania |  |
| 2006 | *Phantasy Star Universe* | Liina Sukaya, Pete |  |
| 2007 | *Super Robot Wars: Original Generations* | Laila |  |
| 2007 | *Super Robot Wars Original Generation Gaiden* | Laila |  |
| 2008 | *Phantasy Star Portable* | Liina Sukaya | PSP Ver. |

## Dubbing roles

### Ashley Tisdale

| Year | Title | Roles | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2005-2008 | *The Suite Life of Zack & Cody* | Maddie Fitzpatrick |  |
| 2006-2011 | *High School Musical* | Sharpay Evans | Movie series |
| 2007-2015 | *Phineas and Ferb* | Candace Flynn | TV series & movies |
| 2008 | *The Suite Life on Deck* | Maddie Fitzpatrick | Maddie on Deck - S1, Ep13 |
| 2016 | *Milo Murphy's Law* | Candace Flynn | S2, E1 (crossover with *Phineas and Ferb*) |
| 2020 | *Phineas and Ferb the Movie: Candace Against the Universe* | Candace Flynn | Disney+ (JP) |

### Other

#### Live-action

| Year | Title | Roles | Dub for | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2001-2011 | *Smallville* | Chloe Sullivan | Allison Mack |  |
| 2006 | *Little Miss Sunshine* | Oliver Hoover | Abigail Breslin |  |
| 2008 | *Shutter* | Jane Shaw | Rachael Taylor |  |
| 2014 | *The Fault in Our Stars* | Hazel Grace Lancaster | Shailene Woodley |  |
| 2019 | *Elizabeth Harvest* | Elizabeth | Abbey Lee |  |
| 2021 | *Don't Look Up* | June Mindy | Melanie Lynskey |  |
|

#### Animation

| Year | Title | Roles | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | *The Pirates Who Don't Do Anything: A VeggieTales Movie* | Princess Eloise |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Ryōko Nagata | |
| --- | --- |
| 永田 亮子 | |
| Born | (1975-02-23) February 23, 1975<br>Gifu, Japan |
| Occupation | voice actress |
| Years active | 1998-present |
| Agent | https://vi-vo.jp/ |


title: Ryōko Shinohara

abstract: Ryoko Shinohara is a Japanese singer and actress. As a singer, she is best known for the 1994 song "Itoshisa to Setsunasa to Kokoro Zuyosa to" with producer Tetsuya Komuro, which charted at number one and made her the first female artist in Japan to record a double million in CD single sales. It was followed by the number one album Lady Generation: Shukujo no Jidai (1995). Shinohara's musical output saw waning commercial reception in the latter half of the decade, at which she began concentrating on her acting career. Highlighted by the Japan Times for her "long reign as a TV drama queen", Shinohara's best known acting credits include detective Yukihira Natsumi in the drama series Unfair, which spawned three feature films and several specials; and temp worker Haruko Oomae in Haken no Hinkaku. She has starred in several acclaimed films, winning two Japan Academy Film Prizes for her roles in The House Where the Mermaid Sleeps and Sakura Guardian in the North, both in 2018.

text:
# Ryōko Shinohara

**Ryoko Shinohara** (篠原 涼子, *Shinohara Ryōko*, born August 13, 1973) is a Japanese singer and actress.

As a singer, she is best known for the 1994 song "Itoshisa to Setsunasa to Kokoro Zuyosa to" with producer Tetsuya Komuro, which charted at number one and made her the first female artist in Japan to record a double million in CD single sales. It was followed by the number one album *Lady Generation: Shukujo no Jidai* (1995). Shinohara's musical output saw waning commercial reception in the latter half of the decade, at which she began concentrating on her acting career.

Highlighted by the *Japan Times* for her "long reign as a TV drama queen", Shinohara's best known acting credits include detective Yukihira Natsumi in the drama series *Unfair*, which spawned three feature films and several specials; and temp worker Haruko Oomae in *Haken no Hinkaku*. She has starred in several acclaimed films, winning two Japan Academy Film Prizes for her roles in *The House Where the Mermaid Sleeps* and *Sakura Guardian in the North*, both in 2018.

## Career

Shinohara appeared in Tetsuya Nakashima's 2004 film *Kamikaze Girls*.

## Filmography

### Films

### Television

* *Houkago* (1992)
* *Sugao no Mama de* (1992)
* *Ninshin Desuyo 2* (1995)
* *Kagayaku Toki no Naka de* (1995)
* *Rennai Zenya: Ichidodake no Koi 2* (1996)
* *Pure* (1996)
* *Naniwa Kinyudo 2* (1996)
* *Shinryounaikai Ryouko* (1997)
* *Gift* (1997)
* *Bayside Shakedown* (1997)
* *Ao no Jidai* (1998)
* *Nanisama* (1998)
* *Beach Boys Special* (1998)
* *Kira Kira Hikaru* (1998)
* *Kiken na Kankei* (1999)
* *Genroku Ryoran* (1999)
* *Kabachitare* (2000)
* *Tokimune Hojo* (2000)
* *Saotome Typhoon* (2001)
* *Mukodono!* (2001)
* *HR* (2002)
* *Hatsu Taiken* (2002)
* *Renai Hensachi* (2002)
* *Boku no Mahou Tsukai* (2003)
* *Mukodono* (2003)
* *Mother and Lover* (2004)
* *Hikari to Tomo ni* (2004)
* *At Home Dad* (2004)
* *Yankee Bokou ni Kaeru* (2004)
* *Naniwa Kinyudo 6* (2005)
* *Anego* (2005) as Naoko Noda
* *Unfair SP* (2006) as Natsumi Yukihira
* *Message* (2006)
* *Hanayome wa Yakudoshi* (2006)
* *Unfair* (2006) as Natsumi Yukihira
* *Woman's Island* (2006)
* *The Pride of the Temp* (2007)
* *Hataraku Gon!* (2009)
* *Ogon no Buta* (2010)
* *Tsuki no Koibito* (2010)
* *Unfair Double Meaning ~ Yes or No? SP 2 (2013)*
* *Last Cinderella* (2013)
* *Lady Girls* (2015) as Aki Nakahara
* *The Pride of the Temp 2* (2020)
* *Ochoyan* (2020–21) as Shizu Okada
* *Fishbowl Wives* (2022)

### Dubbing

## Discography

### Albums

#### Studio albums

| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | | JPN
Oricon
 |
| *Ryoko from Tokyo Performance Doll* | * Released: 15 January 1993 * Label: Cha-Dance * Formats: CD | 63 |
| *Lady Generation* | * Released: 21 August 1995 * Label: Sony * Formats: CD | 1 |
|

#### Compilation albums

| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | | JPN
Oricon
 |
| *Sweets: Best of Ryoko Shinohara* | * Released: 1 November 1997 * Label: Sony * Formats: CD | 20 |
|

### Singles

| Year | Album | Chart positions
(JP) | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1991 | *Koi wa Chanson* (恋はシャンソン) | - | Cha-Dance |
| 1992 | *Squall* (スコール) | 97 | |
| 1994 | *Sincerely* | 61 | |
| | *Itoshisa to Setsunasa to Kokoro Zuyosa to* (恋しさと せつなさと 心強さと) | 1 | |
| 1995 | *Motto Motto...* (もっと もっと…) | 3 | Sony |
| | *Lady Generation* | 5 | |
| | *Dame!* (ダメ!) | 20 | |
| 1996 | *Heibon na Happy ja Monotarinai* (平凡なハッピーじゃ物足りない) | 19 | |
| | *Shiawase wa Soba ni Aru* (しあわせはそばにある) | 27 | |
| | *Party wo Nukedasou!* (パーティーをぬけだそう!) | 49 | |
| 1997 | *Goodbye Baby* | 63 | |
| 1998 | *Blow Up* | - | |
| | *A Place in the Sun* | | |
| 2000 | *Rhythm to Rule* (リズムとルール) | 63 | Toshiba Emi |
| 2001 | *Someday Somewhere* | - | Kitty Mme |
| 2003 | *Time of Gold* | | Sony Music Associated |
| 2023 | *Itoshisa to Setsunasa to Kokoro Zuyosa to* (恋しさと せつなさと 心強さと) 2023 | 38 | Avex Trax |
|

### *Kōhaku Uta Gassen* appearances

| Year / Broadcast | Appearance | Song | Appearance order | Opponent |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1994 (Heisei 6) / 45th | Debut | "Itoshisa to Setsunasa to Kokoro Zuyosa to" | 2/25 | Tokio |
| 2022 (Reiwa 4) / 73rd | 2 | "Itoshisa to Setsunasa to Kokoro Zuyosa to 2023" | 37/44 | Yuzu |

## Awards

| Year | Award | Category | Nominated work(s) | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2018 | 43rd Hochi Film Award | Best Actress | *The House Where the Mermaid Sleeps*, *Sunny: Our Hearts Beat Together* | Won |
| 2019 | 61st Blue Ribbon Awards | Best Actress | | Nominated |
| | 42nd Japan Academy Prize | Best Actress | *The House Where the Mermaid Sleeps* | Nominated |
| | Best Supporting Actress | *Sakura Guardian in the North* | Nominated |
|

## InfoBox

| Ryoko Shinohara | |
| --- | --- |
| 篠原 涼子 | |
|  | |
| Born | (1973-08-13) August 13, 1973
Kiryū, Gunma, Japan |
| Occupation(s) | Actress and singer |
| Years active | 1989–present |
| Spouse | Masachika Ichimura  (m. 2005; div. 2021) |
| Children | 2 |


title: Ryōko Ono

text:
# Ryōko Ono

**Ryōko Ono** (小野 涼子, *Ono Ryōko*, born June 22, 1977) is a Japanese voice actress. She is also known as **Nazuna Gogyō** (五行 なずな, *Gogyō Nazuna*) or **Rikka Kitami** (北見 六花, *Kitami Rikka*).

## Filmography

### Anime

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

### Video games

#### Visual novels

*Under the name Nazuna Gogyō.*

#### Other games

## InfoBox

| Ryōko Ono | |
| --- | --- |
| 小野 涼子 | |
| Born | (1977-06-22) June 22, 1977<br>Yokohama, Japan |
| Other names | Nazuna Gogyō (五行 なずな, *Gogyō Nazuna*) |
| Occupation | Voice actress |
| Children | 1 |


title: Ryōma Baba

abstract: Ryouma Baba is a Japanese actor who is affiliated with Toki Entertainment. He played the role of Ryuji Iwasaki in the 2012 Super Sentai TV series Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters. His blood type is B.

text:
# Ryōma Baba

**Ryouma Baba** (馬場 良馬, *Baba Ryōma*, born December 15, 1984 in Chiba Prefecture) is a Japanese actor who is affiliated with Toki Entertainment. He played the role of Ryuji Iwasaki (Blue Buster) in the 2012 Super Sentai TV series *Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters*. His blood type is B.

## Biography

Baba was a scout in office officials at the local entertainment industry.

In April 2008, his full-fledged debut was in the television drama *Tokyo Ghost Trip*. From the same year, Baba made five appearances as Kunimitsu Tezuka in *Tenimyu*. Later on, he was active in theater and films.

In 2011, his first main role was in the film *Crazy-ism*. The film was officially exhibited in the 35th Montreal World Film Festival "Focus on World Cinema Department".

In 2012, Baba appeared in *Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters* as Ryuji Iwasaki/Blue Buster.

His hobbies are watching films and he is good at cooking.

## Filmography

### TV series

| Year | Title | Role | Other notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | *Here is Greenwood* | Nagata | Episode 8 |
| 2012 | *Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters* | Ryuji Iwasaki/Blue Buster |  |
| 2015 | *Shuriken Sentai Ninninger* | Kiroku Ise | Episode 30 |
| 2016 | *Yowamushi Pedal Live Action* | Yuusuke Makishima |  |
| 2020 | *Kamen Rider Zero-One* | Enmusubi Match | Episode 23 |

### Films

| Year | Title | Role | Other notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | *Takumi-kun Series 3: Bibou no Detail* | Ararat Misu |  |
| 2010 | *Takumi-kun Series 4: Pure* | Ararat Misu |  |
| 2011 | *Takumi-kun Series 5: Ano, Hareta Aozora* | Ararat Misu |  |
| 2012 | *Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger vs. Space Sheriff Gavan: The Movie* | Blue Buster (voice) |  |
| 2012 | *Fujimi Orchestra* | Cop |  |
| 2012 | *Tokumei sentai go - buster vs . Green buster Vs pink* | Ryuji Iwasaki / Blue Buster |  |
| 2012 | *Kamen Rider × Super Sentai: Super Hero Taisen* | Ryuji Iwasaki / Blue Buster |  |
| 2012 | *Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters the Movie: Protect the Tokyo Enetower!* | Ryuji Iwasaki / Blue Buster |  |
| 2013 | *Hanako-san* | Tatsuya Saeki |  |
| 2013 | *Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters vs. Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger: The Movie* | Ryuji Iwasaki / Blue Buster |  |
| 2013 | *Kamen Rider × Super Sentai × Space Sheriff: Super Hero Taisen Z* | Ryuji Iwasaki / Blue Buster |  |
| 2013 | *Return Tokumei sentai go busters vs Dobutsu sentai go - busters* | Ryuji Iwasaki / Blue Buster / Blue Gorilla |  |
| 2014 | *Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger vs. Go-Busters: The Great Dinosaur Battle! Farewell Our Eternal Friends* | Ryuji Iwasaki / Blue Buster |  |
| 2014 | Uchuu Keiji Sharivan NEXT GENERATION | Seigi |  |
| 2017 | *Alley Cat* | Kengo Hashimoto |  |
| 2018 | *Futari no Uketorinin* |  |  |
| 2022 | *Nagisa ni Saku Hana* |  |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Ryouma Baba | |
| --- | --- |
| 馬場 良馬 | |
| Born | (1984-12-15) December 15, 1984<br>Chiba Prefecture, Japan |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 2008–present |
| Agent | Toki Entertainment |
| Height | 180 cm (5 ft 11 in) |
| Website | Official profile |


title: Ryan Bradley (Gaelic footballer)

abstract: Ryan Bradley is an Irish Gaelic footballer who played for Buncrana and the Donegal county team. Considered an underage prodigy, he was reborn after Jim McGuinness took over as manager of Donegal and became regarded as "the poster boy for the new Donegal". He emigrated to Abu Dhabi in 2013 after collecting one All-Ireland Senior Football Championship and two Ulster Senior Football Championships.

text:
# Ryan Bradley (Gaelic footballer)

**Ryan Bradley** (born 1985) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who played for Buncrana and the Donegal county team.

Considered an underage prodigy, he was reborn after Jim McGuinness took over as manager of Donegal and became regarded as "the poster boy for the new Donegal". He emigrated to Abu Dhabi in 2013 after collecting one All-Ireland Senior Football Championship and two Ulster Senior Football Championships.

## Playing career

Bradley made his debut for Donegal in the National Football League in 2005 when Brian McEniff was in charge.

He transferred to Boston that summer to play for the Donegal club.

Brian McIver brought him back into the fold for the 2007 National Football League campaign when Donegal won the title. He continued his involvement with the team in 2008.

Bradley was involved in the early part of 2009 and scored a goal in the final when Donegal won the 2009 Dr McKenna Cup. However, becoming increasingly disillusioned, Bradley left again to pursue his career in Boston in 2009.

Jim McGuinness telephoned him upon his appointment as Donegal manager in 2010 — Bradley would later say, "I talked to Jim once and after that conversation he had it drummed into my head. If I hadn't have come back after that phonecall I'd have been better just to give up football". McGuinness would later write in his autobiography *Until Victory Always: A Memoir*: "Ryan ran the roads seven days a week. He went out running when every muscle in his body was screaming for rest. Usually he put up eight or ten kilometres in the morning so he could burn fat. And he went from fifteen and a half stone to thirteen stone six".

Bradley made his first Ulster Senior Football Championship start against Antrim in May 2011. He scored two points during the game and *The Sunday Game* gave him their man-of-the-match award. TV pundit Pat Spillane controversially claimed Bradley was "the best of a bad bunch". McGuinness reacted furiously, calling Spillane's comments "way over the top". In July 2011, Bradley became the first man from Buncrana to help Donegal to an Ulster title. He scored a point in the final against Derry. He won the Ulster title again the following season, scoring a point in the final for the second consecutive year, this time against Down. He later played in the 2012 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final as Donegal defeated Mayo. Donegal won.

Against Down in the 2013 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship he was concussed and received hospital treatment. In August 2013, he announced he was transferring to Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates.

## Personal life

Bradley is a plasterer by trade. He is a past pupil of Crana College. He is married to Claire Sheerin, a cousin of Donegal teammate Michael Murphy. He is not fond of the media spotlight.

## Honours

Donegal Individual * GAA GPA Player of the Month: July 2012

## InfoBox

Ryan Bradley
| Bradley was ordered to "bulk up" by county manager Jim McGuinness prior to the 2012 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Sport | Gaelic football | | |
| Position | Left Half Forward | | |
| Born | 1985 (age 3839)
County Donegal | | |
| Height | 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) | | |
| Occupation | Plasterer | | |
| Club(s) | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Apps (scores)** |
| ?–201?
2005
2009 | Buncrana
Donegal Boston
Donegal Boston |

1 |
| Inter-county(ies) | | | |
| Years | **County** | | |
| 2005–201? | Donegal | | |
| Inter-county titles | | | |
| Ulster titles | 2 | | |
| All-Irelands | 1 | | |
| NFL | 1 | | |


title: Boxhead Pot

abstract: Boxhead Pot is a cave on Leck Fell, in Lancashire, England. It leads into the top end of Lost Johns' Cave, and is part of the Three Counties System, an 87 kilometres (54 mi) cave system which spans the borders of Cumbria, Lancashire, and North Yorkshire.

text:
# Boxhead Pot

**Boxhead Pot** is a cave on Leck Fell, in Lancashire, England. It leads into the top end of Lost Johns' Cave, and is part of the Three Counties System, an 87 kilometres (54 mi) cave system which spans the borders of Cumbria, Lancashire, and North Yorkshire.

## Description

The entrance is in a deep shakehole 30 metres (98 ft) south of Lost Pot. A vertical pipe leads directly onto the top of a 34 metres (112 ft) shaft which lands on an unstable boulder ledge. Below that a 68-metre (223 ft) deep spacious shaft descends to the bottom of one of the two NPC Avens at the top end of Lost Johns' Cave (Lost Pot enters from the second aven).

## Geology and hydrology

The cave is a solutional cave formed in Visean Great Scar limestone from the Mississippian Series of the Carboniferous period. Its development has been largely determined by a vertical fault and a number of major joints. The streams that flow through the cave originate from small surface sinks, and are the main source of the water that flows through Lost Johns' Master Cave. It eventually emerges from the Leck Beck Head spring in Ease Gill. The current outlet at the base of Boxhead Pot is small, but there are a series of abandoned phreatic passages, called the Tate Galleries, 10 metres (33 ft) above the floor of the current outlet, and it is thought that the shafts were formed before the Devensian glaciation, and were originally drained by those passages.

## History

The Boxhead Pot shafts were originally climbed from below in the late 1980s by Mick Nunwick. In the autumn of 1994, Northern Cave Club cavers found an open and unstable hole in a shakehole, which they descended to land at the bottom of the NPC Avens in Lost Johns'. The cave was named after Alan Box, a club member who had died in a Spanish cave the previous year. The entrance was stabilised in 1995.

1. Allen, Tim (February–March 2012). "The True Length Unravelled". *Descent* (224): 24–25.
2. Allen, Tim (August–September 2012). "It's a Cracker". *Descent* (227): 20–21.
3. Waltham, A.C.; Simms, M.J.; Farrant, A.R.; Goldie, H.S. (1997). *Karst and Caves of Great Britain*. London: Chapman & Hall. pp. 30–34. ISBN 0412788608.
4. Waltham, A.C. (1974). *Limestone and Caves of North-West England*. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. pp. 289–290. ISBN 0715361813.
5. Monico, Paul (February–March 1995). "New Lost John's Entrance". *Descent* (122): 14.
6. Allen, Tim (August–September 2012). "It's a Cracker". *Descent* (227): 20–21.

## InfoBox

| Boxhead Pot | |
| --- | --- |
| The Entrance to Boxhead Pot | |
|  | |
| Location | Leck Fell, Lancashire, England |
| OS grid | SD 67130 78337 |
| Coordinates | 54°12′00″N 2°30′21″W / 54.199921°N 2.505855°W / 54.199921; -2.505855 |
| Depth | 105 metres (344 ft) |
| Length | about 10 metres (33 ft) |
| Elevation | 360 metres (1,180 ft) |
| Discovery | 1994 |
| Geology | Carboniferous limestone |
| Entrances | 1 |
| Hazards | verticality |
| Access | Unrestricted |
| Cave survey | cavemaps |


title: S. M. Manickarajah

abstract: Supramanian Mylvaganam Manickarajah was a Ceylon Tamil politician and Member of Parliament. Manickarajah was born on 15 May 1908. Manickarajah was the Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi's candidate at the November 1963 by-election in Trincomalee held following the death of incumbent R. N. Rajavarothiam. He won the election and entered Parliament. He was re-elected at the 1965 parliamentary election.

text:
# S. M. Manickarajah

**Supramanian Mylvaganam Manickarajah** was a Ceylon Tamil politician and Member of Parliament.

Manickarajah was born on 15 May 1908.

Manickarajah was the Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi's (Federal Party) candidate at the November 1963 by-election in Trincomalee held following the death of incumbent R. N. Rajavarothiam. He won the election and entered Parliament. He was re-elected at the 1965 parliamentary election.

## InfoBox

| Hon.S. M. Manickarajah | |
| --- | --- |
| சு. ம. மாணிக்கராஜா | |
|  | |
| Member of the Ceylonese Parliament
for Trincomalee | |
| **In office**
1963–1970 | |
| Preceded by | R. N. Rajavarothiam |
| Succeeded by | B. Neminathan |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1908-05-15)15 May 1908 |
| Ethnicity | Ceylon Tamil |
|  | |


title: S. M. Laljan Basha

abstract: S. M. Laljan Basha, a politician, deputy chairman, and Vice President of the Telugu Desam Party, was a Member of the Parliament of India representing Andhra Pradesh in the Rajya Sabha (2002–2008), the upper house of the Indian Parliament. He was also elected Member of Parliament of India representing Guntur, an Andhra Pradesh constituency in Lok Sabha (1991–1996). He also acted as Chairman for Joint Parliament Committee for Waqf. His younger brother S.M. Ziauddin contested four times for legislative elections and won two times. Jinnar tower in Guntur was built by Lal jan saheb Basha died in a road accident on 15 August 2013, when his vehicle rammed into the divider at Narketpally near Nalgonda on the Vijayawada-Hyderabad national highway in the wee hours of 15 August 2013 on his way to Guntur.

text:
# S. M. Laljan Basha

**S. M. Laljan Basha** (2 August 1956 – 15 August 2013), a politician, deputy chairman, and Vice President of the Telugu Desam Party, was a Member of the Parliament of India representing Andhra Pradesh in the Rajya Sabha (2002–2008), the upper house of the Indian Parliament. He was also elected Member of Parliament of India representing Guntur, an Andhra Pradesh constituency in Lok Sabha (1991–1996). He also acted as Chairman for Joint Parliament Committee for Waqf. His younger brother S.M. Ziauddin contested four times for legislative elections and won two times. Jinnar tower in Guntur was built by Lal jan saheb (grandfather of S.M. Lal jan basha and S.M.Ziauddin)

Basha died in a road accident on 15 August 2013, when his vehicle rammed into the divider at Narketpally near Nalgonda on the Vijayawada-Hyderabad national highway in the wee hours of 15 August 2013 on his way to Guntur.

## InfoBox

| S. M. Laljan Basha | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha | |
| **In office**
10 April 2002 - 9 April 2008 | |
| Preceded by | Jaya Prada |
| Succeeded by | T. Ratna Bai |
| Constituency | Andhra Pradesh |
| Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha | |
| **In office**
1991 - 1996 | |
| Preceded by | N. G. Ranga |
| Succeeded by | Rayapati Sambasiva Rao |
| Constituency | Guntur |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Rykerts Water Aerodrome

abstract: Rykerts Water Aerodrome, formerly TC LID: CBZ8, is a defunct aerodrome that was located adjacent to Rykerts, British Columbia, Canada. The airport was classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and was staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). CBSA officers at this airport could handle general aviation aircraft only, with no more than 15 passengers.

text:
# Rykerts Water Aerodrome

**Rykerts Water Aerodrome**, formerly TC LID: **CBZ8**, is a defunct aerodrome that was located adjacent to Rykerts, British Columbia, Canada.

The airport was classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and was staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). CBSA officers at this airport could handle general aviation aircraft only, with no more than 15 passengers.

## InfoBox

| Rykerts Water Aerodrome | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Operator | Canada Customs |
| Location | Rykerts, British Columbia |
| Time zone | PST (UTC−08:00) |
| Summer (DST) | PDT (UTC−07:00) |
| Elevation AMSL | 1,750 ft / 533 m |
| Coordinates | 48°59′58″N 116°30′09″W / 48.99944°N 116.50250°W / 48.99944; -116.50250 |
| Map | |
| CBZ8Location in British ColumbiaCBZ8CBZ8 (Canada) | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  n/a n/a n/a Water | |
| Source: Water Aerodrome Supplement | |


title: Sainte-Catherine, Rhône

abstract: Sainte-Catherine is a commune in the Rhône department in eastern France.

text:
# Sainte-Catherine, Rhône

**Sainte-Catherine** (French pronunciation: \[sɛ̃t katʁin\] ) is a commune in the Rhône department in eastern France.

## InfoBox

| Sainte-Catherine | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| A general view from the summit of Châtelard | |
|  | |
| Location of Sainte-Catherine | |
| Sainte-CatherineSainte-Catherine | |
| Coordinates: 45°36′00″N 4°34′14″E / 45.6°N 4.5706°E / 45.6; 4.5706 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |
| Department | Rhône |
| Arrondissement | Lyon |
| Canton | Vaugneray |
| Intercommunality | CC des Monts du Lyonnais |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Pierre Dussurgey |
| Area**1** | 13.76 km2 (5.31 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 992 |
| Density | 72/km2 (190/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 69184 /69440 |
| Elevation | 547–911 m (1,795–2,989 ft)
(avg. 700 m or 2,300 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: 1860 Illinois gubernatorial election

abstract:
The 1860 Illinois gubernatorial election was the twelfth election for this office. Republican governor William Henry Bissell died early in his term, and incumbent governor John Wood did not seek re-election. Former Democratic Congressman and former Clerk of the U.S. House James C. Allen was the Democratic nominee. A Number of third-party candidates ran as well; none received over one percent of the vote.
At this time in Illinois history the Lieutenant Governor was elected on a separate ballot from the governor. This would remain the case until the adoption of the 1970 constitution.

text:
# 1860 Illinois gubernatorial election

The **1860 Illinois gubernatorial election** was the twelfth election for this office. Republican governor William Henry Bissell died early in his term, and incumbent governor John Wood did not seek re-election. Former Democratic Congressman and former Clerk of the U.S. House James C. Allen was the Democratic nominee. A Number of third-party candidates ran as well; none received over one percent of the vote. At this time in Illinois history the Lieutenant Governor was elected on a separate ballot from the governor. This would remain the case until the adoption of the 1970 constitution.

## Results

1860 gubernatorial election, Illinois
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Richard Yates** | **172,218** | **51.15%** | **+4.22%** |
|  | Democratic | James C. Allen | 159,293 | 47.34% | +2.35% |
|  | Independent | Thomas Hope | 2,032 | 0.61% | N/A |
|  | Constitutional Union | John T. Stuart | 1,685 | 0.48% | N/A |
|  | Independent | J. W. Chickering | 1,50 | 0.34% | N/A |
|  | Write-in | Scattering | 122 | 0.04% | N/A |
| Majority | | | 12,925 | 3.85% | −6.77% |
| Turnout | | | 336,500 | 100.00% |  |
|  | Republican **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

## InfoBox

1860 Illinois gubernatorial election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Richard Yates** James C. Allen   Party Republican Democratic  Popular vote **172,196** 159,253  Percentage **51.19%** 47.34% | |
| ---  County Results
**Yates:**      40-50%      50-60%      60-70%      70-80%      80-90%
**Allen:**      40-50%      50-60%      60-70%      70-80%      80-90%      90-100%

**No Vote/Data:** | |
| ---  **Governor before election**
John Wood
Republican **Elected Governor**
Richard Yates
Republican | |


title: Pulse X

abstract: "Pulse X" is a grime instrumental by producer Youngstar of the crew Musical Mob. First released on 12" vinyl in March 2002 and given a wider release in July of the same year, Pulse X is widely considered to be the first ever grime beat and has been described as "year zero" for the genre. It was re-released by White Peach Records on 16 November 2015 in the form of an extended play.

text:
# Pulse X

"**Pulse X**" is a grime instrumental by producer Youngstar of the crew Musical Mob. First released on 12" vinyl in March 2002 and given a wider release in July of the same year, Pulse X is widely considered to be the first ever grime beat and has been described as "year zero" for the genre. It was re-released by White Peach Records on 16 November 2015 in the form of an extended play.

## Style and influence

Pulse X is noted for its aggressive minimalism and original sound, consisting of a single 16 bar loop, with some minor variation to the patterns in the second half of the song, with a more typical 2-step garage style for 8 bars followed by a stripped down snare and kick for 8 bars. The song has no introduction and the outro is a simple fade out. A voice sample saying "Musical Mob royal pon the map" plays once every 32 bars throughout on the switch from one 8-bar pattern to the other.

Pulse X was very influential on early grime productions and the wider post garage landscape of the electronic music scene in London in the early 2000s, with the instrumental continuing to influence grime's new wave of producers in the early 2010s Bok Bok called Youngstar's early music as "simplistic, brutalist genius" in 2014 describing "Pulse X" his favourite example of the producers work. The minimalism and empty space on beats such as Pulse X set the foundations for the development of grime as a more MC centric genre than its forebear UK garage with MCs preferring to spit over the new style of beat in raves and on pirate radio.

## Remixes and alternative versions

The song has spawned many remixes, five of which were released through Liminal Sounds on 25 January 2013. Mystry's instrumental "Pulse 8" is inspired by the track, and was used as the opening beat on Jme's 2015 album *Integrity\>*.

## Track listing

2013 remix EP
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Pulse X" (Visionist Remix) | 4:43 |
| 2. | "Pulse X" (Blackwax Remix) | 4:21 |
| 3. | "Pulse X" (Slackk Remix) | 5:58 |
| 4. | "Pulse X" (Pedro 123 Remix) | 4:13 |
| 5. | "Pulse X" (Elsewhere Remix) | 3:48 |

2015 re-release
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Pulse X" | 5:16 |
| 2. | "Revival" | 3:38 |
| 3. | "Formula" | 5:18 |
| 4. | "Formula 2" | 4:47 |

1. "The 20 best Grime records ever made - Page 2 of 16 - FACT Magazine: Music News, New Music". factmag.com. 22 April 2012. Retrieved 2015-02-11.
2. "RA Reviews: Four Tet - FabricLive.59 on Fabric Records (Album)". residentadvisor.net. Retrieved 2015-02-11.
3. "Introduction to: Grime Instrumentals - Cherwell - Oxford's Independent Student Newspaper". cherwell.org. 11 November 2013. Retrieved 2015-02-11.
4. "Youngstar's O.G. Grime Anthem 'Pulse X' Turns 10, Gets Remixed | SPIN". spin.com. 4 December 2012. Retrieved 2015-02-11.
5. "The Quietus | Features | Baker's Dozen | Creation Of Worlds: Bok Bok Discusses 13 Favourite Albums". thequietus.com. Retrieved 2015-02-11.
6. "Pulse X Remixes - EP by Youngstar". *iTunes*. 25 January 2013.
7. "WPR007 - Youngstar - Pulse X EP, by Youngstar".

## InfoBox

| "Pulse X" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Youngstar | |
| Released | 8 July 2002 (UK) |
| Genre | Grime |
| Label | Inspired Sounds |
| Songwriter(s) | Daryl Nurse |


title: Ercsi

abstract: Ercsi is a town in central Hungary, located around 35 km south of Budapest in county Fejér.

text:
# Ercsi

**Ercsi** is a town in central Hungary, located around 35 km south of Budapest in county Fejér.

## InfoBox

| Ercsi | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Ercsi, church | |
|  | |
| ErcsiLocation of Ercsi | |
| Coordinates: 47°14′59″N 18°53′28″E / 47.24964°N 18.89103°E / 47.24964; 18.89103 | |
| Country | Hungary |
| County | Fejér |
| District | Martonvásár |
| Area | |
| Total | 65.31 km2 (25.22 sq mi) |
| Population (2008) | |
| Total | 8,563 |
| Density | 128.7/km2 (333/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 2451 |
| Area code | (+36) 25 |
| Website | www.ercsi.hu |


title: Tetrairidium dodecacarbonyl

abstract:
Tetrairidium dodecacarbonyl is the chemical compound with the formula Ir4(CO)12. This tetrahedral cluster is the most common and most stable "binary" carbonyl of iridium. This air-stable species is only poorly soluble in organic solvents.
It has been used to prepare bimetallic clusters and catalysts, e.g. for the water gas shift reaction, and reforming, but these studies are of purely academic interest.

text:
# Tetrairidium dodecacarbonyl

**Tetrairidium dodecacarbonyl** is the chemical compound with the formula Ir4(CO)12. This tetrahedral cluster is the most common and most stable "binary" carbonyl of iridium. This air-stable species is only poorly soluble in organic solvents. It has been used to prepare bimetallic clusters and catalysts, e.g. for the water gas shift reaction, and reforming, but these studies are of purely academic interest.

## Structure

Each Ir center is octahedral, being bonded to 3 other iridium atoms and three terminal CO ligands. Ir4(CO)12 has Td symmetry with an average Ir-Ir distances of 2.693 Å. The related clusters Rh4(CO)12 and Co4(CO)12 have C3v symmetry because of the presence of three bridging CO ligands in each.

## Preparation

It is prepared in two steps by reductive carbonylation of hydrated iridium trichloride. The first step gives \[Ir(CO)2Cl2\].

IrCl3 \+ 3 CO + H2O → \[Ir(CO)2Cl2\] \+ CO2 \+ 2 H+ \+ Cl 4 \[Ir(CO)2Cl2\] \+ 6 CO + 2 H2O → Ir4(CO)12 \+ 2 CO2 \+ 4 H+ \+ 8 Cl

## InfoBox

Tetrairidium dodecacarbonyl
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Names | |
| IUPAC names dodecacarbonyl-1κ3*C*,2κ3*C*,3κ3*C*,4κ3*C*-\[*T*d-(13)-Δ4-*closo*\]-tetrairidium(6 *Ir**Ir*)
*tetrahedro*-tetrakis(tricarbonyliridium)(6 *Ir**Ir*) | |
| Other names iridium(0) carbonyl; iridium carbonyl; iridium dodecacarbonyl | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.038.718 |
| EC Number | * 242-607-5 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/12CO.4Ir/c12\*1-2;;;;Key: XWDKRVSSHIJNJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
| SMILES * \[O+\]#C\[Ir-3\]12(C#\[O+\])(C#\[O+\])\[Ir-3\]3(C#\[O+\])(C#\[O+\])(C#\[O+\])\[Ir-3\]1(C#\[O+\])(C#\[O+\])(C#\[O+\])\[Ir-3\]23(C#\[O+\])(C#\[O+\])C#\[O+\] | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | Ir4(CO)12 |
| Molar mass | 1104.92 g/mol |
| Appearance | Canary-yellow crystals |
| Melting point | 195 °C (383 °F; 468 K) |
| Solubility | Chlorocarbons, toluene, tetrahydrofuran |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds | Tetrarhodium dodecacarbonyl |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?)  Infobox references | |


title: Cuscus

abstract:
Cuscus is the common name generally given to the species within the four genera of Australasian possum of the family Phalangeridae with the most tropical distribution:
  - Ailurops
  - Phalanger
  - Spilocuscus
  - Strigocuscus The name comes from the word kusu or kuso in some local related languages spoken in the Maluku Islands like Bacan and Ambonese Malay, it is also applied in parts of Indonesia to the Sunda slow loris, where people do not distinguish this from the "kuskus" possums. Note however, that the loris, being a primate, is unrelated to the other cuscus species. Cuscus are marsupials, even though they have some appearances, traits and attributes like those of lemurs of Madagascar, which are prosimians, due to convergent evolution.

text:
# Cuscus

**Cuscus** (/ˈkʌskʌs/ or /ˈksks/) is the common name generally given to the species within the four genera of Australasian possum of the family Phalangeridae with the most tropical distribution:

The name comes from the word *kusu* or *kuso* in some local related languages spoken in the Maluku Islands like Bacan and Ambonese Malay, it is also applied in parts of Indonesia to the Sunda slow loris, where people do not distinguish this from the "kuskus" possums. Note however, that the loris, being a primate, is unrelated to the other cuscus species. Cuscus are marsupials, even though they have some appearances, traits and attributes like those of lemurs of Madagascar, which are prosimians, due to convergent evolution.

## Further reads

* New Species of Cuscus. N.p., n.p, 1900.
* Image, Cool. Cuscus Journal: 150 Page Lined Notebook/Diary. N.p., CreateSpace Publishing Platform, 2016.
* Salas, Leonardo A.. Comparative Ecology and Behavior of the Mountain Cuscus (Phalanger Carmelitae), Silky Cuscus (Phalanger Sericeus) and Coppery Ringtail (Pseudochirops Cupreus) at Mt. Stolle, Papua New Guinea. N.p., University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 2002.
* Nowak, Ronald M.. Walker's Marsupials of the World. United States, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005.


title: Soğucak, Kahramankazan

abstract: Soğucak is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kahramankazan, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 277 (2022).

text:
# Soğucak, Kahramankazan

**Soğucak** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kahramankazan, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 277 (2022).

## InfoBox

| Soğucak | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| SoğucakLocation in TurkeySoğucakSoğucak (Turkey Central Anatolia) | |
| Coordinates: 40°14′27″N 32°37′36″E / 40.2407°N 32.6268°E / 40.2407; 32.6268 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Ankara |
| District | Kahramankazan |
| Population (2022) | 277 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: East Aitape Rural LLG

abstract: East Aitape Rural LLG is a local-level government (LLG) of Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. Arapesh and Schouten languages are spoken in this LLG.

text:
# East Aitape Rural LLG

**East Aitape Rural LLG** is a local-level government (LLG) of Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. Arapesh and Schouten languages are spoken in this LLG.

## Wards

## Islands

Islands located within the LLG are:

## InfoBox

| East Aitape Rural LLG | |
| --- | --- |
| East Aitape Rural LLGLocation within Papua New Guinea | |
| Coordinates: 3°08′30″S 142°20′59″E / 3.141705°S 142.349762°E / -3.141705; 142.349762 (Aitape East) | |
| Country | Papua New Guinea |
| Province | Sandaun Province |
| Time zone | UTC+10 (AEST) |


title: End stage pulmonary disease

abstract: End stage pulmonary disease (ESPD) is the result of chronic progressive lung diseases like COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or systemic progressive diseases that affect the lungs such as cystic fibrosis or granulomatosis with polyangiitis. It is defined as when the lungs can no longer or barely remove enough carbon dioxide or supply enough oxygen to meet the body's basic needs. Treatment incorporates a lung transplant.

text:
# End stage pulmonary disease

**End stage pulmonary disease** (**ESPD**) is the result of chronic progressive lung diseases like COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or systemic progressive diseases that affect the lungs such as cystic fibrosis or granulomatosis with polyangiitis. It is defined as when the lungs can no longer or barely remove enough carbon dioxide or supply enough oxygen to meet the body's basic needs. Treatment incorporates a lung transplant.

## InfoBox

| End stage pulmonary disease | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | **End stage lung disease** (**ESLD**) |
| Specialty | Pulmonology |


title: Ercta trichoneura

abstract: Ercta trichoneura is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1912. It is found in Panama.

text:
# Ercta trichoneura

***Ercta trichoneura*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1912. It is found in Panama.

## InfoBox

| *Ercta trichoneura* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Ercta* |
| Species: | ***E. trichoneura*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ercta trichoneura***<br>Hampson, 1912 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pardomima novalis* Druce, 1895 | |


title: Equicontinuity

abstract: In mathematical analysis, a family of functions is equicontinuous if all the functions are continuous and they have equal variation over a given neighbourhood, in a precise sense described herein. In particular, the concept applies to countable families, and thus sequences of functions. Equicontinuity appears in the formulation of Ascoli's theorem, which states that a subset of C(X), the space of continuous functions on a compact Hausdorff space X, is compact if and only if it is closed, pointwise bounded and equicontinuous. As a corollary, a sequence in C(X) is uniformly convergent if and only if it is equicontinuous and converges pointwise to a function (not necessarily continuous a-priori). In particular, the limit of an equicontinuous pointwise convergent sequence of continuous functions fn on either metric space or locally compact space is continuous. If, in addition, fn are holomorphic, then the limit is also holomorphic. The uniform boundedness principle states that a pointwise bounded family of continuous linear operators between Banach spaces is equicontinuous.

text:
# Equicontinuity

In mathematical analysis, a family of functions is **equicontinuous** if all the functions are continuous and they have equal variation over a given neighbourhood, in a precise sense described herein. In particular, the concept applies to countable families, and thus *sequences* of functions.

Equicontinuity appears in the formulation of Ascoli's theorem, which states that a subset of *C*(*X*), the space of continuous functions on a compact Hausdorff space *X*, is compact if and only if it is closed, pointwise bounded and equicontinuous. As a corollary, a sequence in *C*(*X*) is uniformly convergent if and only if it is equicontinuous and converges pointwise to a function (not necessarily continuous a-priori). In particular, the limit of an equicontinuous pointwise convergent sequence of continuous functions *fn* on either metric space or locally compact space is continuous. If, in addition, *fn* are holomorphic, then the limit is also holomorphic.

The uniform boundedness principle states that a pointwise bounded family of continuous linear operators between Banach spaces is equicontinuous.

## Equicontinuity between metric spaces

Let *X* and *Y* be two metric spaces, and *F* a family of functions from *X* to *Y*. We shall denote by *d* the respective metrics of these spaces.

The family *F* is **equicontinuous at a point** *x*0  *X* if for every ε \> 0, there exists a δ \> 0 such that *d*(*ƒ*(*x*0), *ƒ*(*x*)) \< ε for all *ƒ*  *F* and all *x* such that *d*(*x*0, *x*) \< δ. The family is **pointwise equicontinuous** if it is equicontinuous at each point of *X*.

The family *F* is **uniformly equicontinuous** if for every ε \> 0, there exists a δ \> 0 such that *d*(*ƒ*(*x*1), *ƒ*(*x*2)) \< ε for all *ƒ*  *F* and all *x*1, *x*2  *X* such that *d*(*x*1, *x*2) \< δ.

For comparison, the statement 'all functions *ƒ* in *F* are continuous' means that for every ε \> 0, every *ƒ*  *F*, and every *x*0  *X*, there exists a δ \> 0 such that *d*(*ƒ*(*x*0), *ƒ*(*x*)) \< ε for all *x*  *X* such that *d*(*x*0, *x*) \< δ.

* For *continuity*, δ may depend on ε, *ƒ*, and *x*0.
* For *uniform continuity*, δ may depend on ε and *ƒ*.
* For *pointwise equicontinuity*, δ may depend on ε and *x*0.
* For *uniform equicontinuity*, δ may depend only on ε.

More generally, when *X* is a topological space, a set *F* of functions from *X* to *Y* is said to be equicontinuous at *x* if for every ε \> 0, *x* has a neighborhood *Ux* such that

$$d\_{Y}(f(y),f(x))\<\epsilon $$

for all *y**Ux* and *ƒ*  *F*. This definition usually appears in the context of topological vector spaces.

When *X* is compact, a set is uniformly equicontinuous if and only if it is equicontinuous at every point, for essentially the same reason as that uniform continuity and continuity coincide on compact spaces. Used on its own, the term "equicontinuity" may refer to either the pointwise or uniform notion, depending on the context. On a compact space, these notions coincide.

Some basic properties follow immediately from the definition. Every finite set of continuous functions is equicontinuous. The closure of an equicontinuous set is again equicontinuous. Every member of a uniformly equicontinuous set of functions is uniformly continuous, and every finite set of uniformly continuous functions is uniformly equicontinuous.

### Examples

* A set of functions with a common Lipschitz constant is (uniformly) equicontinuous. In particular, this is the case if the set consists of functions with derivatives bounded by the same constant.
* Uniform boundedness principle gives a sufficient condition for a set of continuous linear operators to be equicontinuous.
* A family of iterates of an analytic function is equicontinuous on the Fatou set.

### Counterexamples

* The sequence of functions fn(x) = arctan(nx), is not equicontinuous because the definition is violated at x0=0.

## Equicontinuity of maps valued in topological groups

Suppose that T is a topological space and Y is an additive topological group (i.e. a group endowed with a topology making its operations continuous). Topological vector spaces are prominent examples of topological groups and every topological group has an associated canonical uniformity.

**Definition**: A family H of maps from T into Y is said to be **equicontinuous at** *t**T* if for every neighborhood V of 0 in Y, there exists some neighborhood U of t in T such that *h*(*U*) ⊆ *h*(*t*) + *V* for every *h**H*. We say that H is **equicontinuous** if it is equicontinuous at every point of T.

Note that if H is equicontinuous at a point then every map in H is continuous at the point. Clearly, every finite set of continuous maps from T into Y is equicontinuous.

## Equicontinuous linear maps

Because every topological vector space (TVS) is a topological group so the definition of an equicontinuous family of maps given for topological groups transfers to TVSs without change.

### Characterization of equicontinuous linear maps

A family $H$ of maps of the form $X\to Y$ between two topological vector spaces is said to be *equicontinuous at a point* $x\in X$ if for every neighborhood $V$ of the origin in $Y$ there exists some neighborhood $U$ of the origin in $X$ such that $h(x+U)\subseteq h(x)+V$ for all $h\in H.$

If $H$ is a family of maps and $U$ is a set then let $H(U):=\bigcup \_{h\in H}h(U).$ With notation, if $U$ and $V$ are sets then $h(U)\subseteq V$ for all $h\in H$ if and only if $H(U)\subseteq V.$

Let $X$ and $Y$ be topological vector spaces (TVSs) and $H$ be a family of linear operators from $X$ into $Y.$ Then the following are equivalent:

1. $H$ is equicontinuous;
2. $H$ is equicontinuous at every point of $X.$
3. $H$ is equicontinuous at some point of $X.$
4. $H$ is equicontinuous at the origin.
    * that is, for every neighborhood $V$ of the origin in $Y,$ there exists a neighborhood $U$ of the origin in $X$ such that $H(U)\subseteq V$ (or equivalently, $h(U)\subseteq V$for every $h\in H$).
5. for every neighborhood $V$ of the origin in $Y,$ $\bigcap \_{h\in H}h^{-1}(V)$ is a neighborhood of the origin in $X.$
6. the closure of $H$ in $L\_{\sigma }(X;Y)$ is equicontinuous.
    * $L\_{\sigma }(X;Y)$ denotes $L(X;Y)$endowed with the topology of point-wise convergence.
7. the balanced hull of $H$ is equicontinuous.

while if $Y$ is locally convex then this list may be extended to include:

8. the convex hull of $H$ is equicontinuous.
9. the convex balanced hull of $H$ is equicontinuous.

while if $X$ and $Y$ are locally convex then this list may be extended to include:

10. for every continuous seminorm $q$ on $Y,$ there exists a continuous seminorm $p$ on $X$ such that $q\circ h\leq p$ for all $h\in H.$
    * Here, $q\circ h\leq p$ means that $q(h(x))\leq p(x)$ for all $x\in X.$

while if $X$ is barreled and $Y$ is locally convex then this list may be extended to include:

11. $H$ is bounded in $L\_{\sigma }(X;Y)$;
12. $H$ is bounded in $L\_{b}(X;Y).$
    * $L\_{b}(X;Y)$ denotes $L(X;Y)$endowed with the topology of bounded convergence (that is, uniform convergence on bounded subsets of $X.$

while if $X$ and $Y$ are Banach spaces then this list may be extended to include:

13. $\sup\\{\\|T\\|:T\in H\\}\<\infty $ (that is, $H$ is uniformly bounded in the operator norm).

#### Characterization of equicontinuous linear functionals

Let $X$ be a topological vector space (TVS) over the field $\mathbb {F} $ with continuous dual space $X^{\prime }.$ A family $H$ of linear functionals on $X$ is said to be *equicontinuous at a point* $x\in X$ if for every neighborhood $V$ of the origin in $\mathbb {F} $ there exists some neighborhood $U$ of the origin in $X$ such that $h(x+U)\subseteq h(x)+V$ for all $h\in H.$

For any subset $H\subseteq X^{\prime },$ the following are equivalent:

1. $H$ is equicontinuous.
2. $H$ is equicontinuous at the origin.
3. $H$ is equicontinuous at some point of $X.$
4. $H$ is contained in the polar of some neighborhood of the origin in $X$
5. the (pre)polar of $H$ is a neighborhood of the origin in $X.$
6. the weak\* closure of $H$ in $X^{\prime }$ is equicontinuous.
7. the balanced hull of $H$ is equicontinuous.
8. the convex hull of $H$ is equicontinuous.
9. the convex balanced hull of $H$ is equicontinuous.

while if $X$ is normed then this list may be extended to include:

10. $H$ is a strongly bounded subset of $X^{\prime }.$

while if $X$ is a barreled space then this list may be extended to include:

11. $H$ is relatively compact in the weak\* topology on $X^{\prime }.$
12. $H$ is weak\* bounded (that is, $H$ is $\sigma \left(X^{\prime },X\right)-$bounded in $X^{\prime }$).
13. $H$ is bounded in the topology of bounded convergence (that is, $H$ is $b\left(X^{\prime },X\right)-$bounded in $X^{\prime }$).

### Properties of equicontinuous linear maps

The uniform boundedness principle (also known as the Banach–Steinhaus theorem) states that a set $H$ of linear maps between Banach spaces is equicontinuous if it is pointwise bounded; that is, $\sup \_{h\in H}\\|h(x)\\|\<\infty $ for each $x\in X.$ The result can be generalized to a case when $Y$ is locally convex and $X$ is a barreled space.

#### Properties of equicontinuous linear functionals

Alaoglu's theorem implies that the weak-\* closure of an equicontinuous subset of $X^{\prime }$ is weak-\* compact; thus that every equicontinuous subset is weak-\* relatively compact.

If $X$ is any locally convex TVS, then the family of all barrels in $X$ and the family of all subsets of $X^{\prime }$ that are convex, balanced, closed, and bounded in $X\_{\sigma }^{\prime },$ correspond to each other by polarity (with respect to $\left\langle X,X^{\\#}\right\rangle $). It follows that a locally convex TVS $X$ is barreled if and only if every bounded subset of $X\_{\sigma }^{\prime }$ is equicontinuous.

**Theorem**  Suppose that $X$ is a separable TVS. Then every closed equicontinuous subset of $X\_{\sigma }^{\prime }$ is a compact metrizable space (under the subspace topology). If in addition $X$ is metrizable then $X\_{\sigma }^{\prime }$ is separable.

## Equicontinuity and uniform convergence

Let *X* be a compact Hausdorff space, and equip *C*(*X*) with the uniform norm, thus making *C*(*X*) a Banach space, hence a metric space. Then Arzelà–Ascoli theorem states that a subset of *C*(*X*) is compact if and only if it is closed, uniformly bounded and equicontinuous. This is analogous to the Heine–Borel theorem, which states that subsets of **R***n* are compact if and only if they are closed and bounded. As a corollary, every uniformly bounded equicontinuous sequence in *C*(*X*) contains a subsequence that converges uniformly to a continuous function on *X*.

In view of Arzelà–Ascoli theorem, a sequence in *C*(*X*) converges uniformly if and only if it is equicontinuous and converges pointwise. The hypothesis of the statement can be weakened a bit: a sequence in *C*(*X*) converges uniformly if it is equicontinuous and converges pointwise on a dense subset to some function on *X* (not assumed continuous).

**Proof**

Suppose *f**j* is an equicontinuous sequence of continuous functions on a dense subset *D* of *X*. Let *ε* \> 0 be given. By equicontinuity, for each *z**D*, there exists a neighborhood *U*z of *z* such that

$$|f\_{j}(x)-f\_{j}(z)|\<\epsilon /3$$

for all *j* and *x**Uz*. By denseness and compactness, we can find a finite subset *D′**D* such that *X* is the union of *Uz* over *z**D′*. Since *f**j* converges pointwise on *D′*, there exists *N* \> 0 such that

$$|f\_{j}(z)-f\_{k}(z)|\<\epsilon /3$$

whenever *z**D′* and *j*, *k* \> *N*. It follows that

$$\sup \_{X}|f\_{j}-f\_{k}|\<\epsilon $$

for all *j*, *k* \> *N*. In fact, if *x**X*, then *x**Uz* for some *z**D′* and so we get:

$|f\_{j}(x)-f\_{k}(x)|\leq |f\_{j}(x)-f\_{j}(z)|+|f\_{j}(z)-f\_{k}(z)|+|f\_{k}(z)-f\_{k}(x)|\<\epsilon $.

Hence, *f**j* is Cauchy in *C*(*X*) and thus converges by completeness.

This weaker version is typically used to prove Arzelà–Ascoli theorem for separable compact spaces. Another consequence is that the limit of an equicontinuous pointwise convergent sequence of continuous functions on a metric space, or on a locally compact space, is continuous. (See below for an example.) In the above, the hypothesis of compactness of *X* cannot be relaxed. To see that, consider a compactly supported continuous function *g* on **R** with *g*(0) = 1, and consider the equicontinuous sequence of functions {*ƒ**n*} on **R** defined by *ƒ**n*(*x*) = *g*(*x**n*). Then, *ƒ**n* converges pointwise to 0 but does not converge uniformly to 0.

This criterion for uniform convergence is often useful in real and complex analysis. Suppose we are given a sequence of continuous functions that converges pointwise on some open subset *G* of **R***n*. As noted above, it actually converges uniformly on a compact subset of *G* if it is equicontinuous on the compact set. In practice, showing the equicontinuity is often not so difficult. For example, if the sequence consists of differentiable functions or functions with some regularity (e.g., the functions are solutions of a differential equation), then the mean value theorem or some other kinds of estimates can be used to show the sequence is equicontinuous. It then follows that the limit of the sequence is continuous on every compact subset of *G*; thus, continuous on *G*. A similar argument can be made when the functions are holomorphic. One can use, for instance, Cauchy's estimate to show the equicontinuity (on a compact subset) and conclude that the limit is holomorphic. Note that the equicontinuity is essential here. For example, *ƒ**n*(*x*) = arctan *n**x* converges to a multiple of the discontinuous sign function.

## Generalizations

### Equicontinuity in topological spaces

The most general scenario in which equicontinuity can be defined is for topological spaces whereas *uniform* equicontinuity requires the filter of neighbourhoods of one point to be somehow comparable with the filter of neighbourhood of another point. The latter is most generally done via a uniform structure, giving a uniform space. Appropriate definitions in these cases are as follows:

A set *A* of functions continuous between two topological spaces *X* and *Y* is **topologically equicontinuous at the points** *x**X* and *y**Y* if for any open set *O* about *y*, there are neighborhoods *U* of *x* and *V* of *y* such that for every *f**A*, if the intersection of *f*\[*U*\] and *V* is nonempty, *f*\[*U*\] ⊆ *O*. Then *A* is said to be **topologically equicontinuous at** *x**X* if it is topologically equicontinuous at *x* and *y* for each *y**Y*. Finally, *A* is **equicontinuous** if it is equicontinuous at *x* for all points *x**X*. A set *A* of continuous functions between two uniform spaces *X* and *Y* is **uniformly equicontinuous** if for every element *W* of the uniformity on *Y*, the set { (*u,v*) ∈ *X × X*: for all *f**A*. (*f*(*u*),*f*(*v*)) ∈ *W* } is a member of the uniformity on *X* Introduction to uniform spaces

We now briefly describe the basic idea underlying uniformities.

The uniformity 𝒱 is a non-empty collection of subsets of *Y* × *Y* where, among many other properties, every *V*  𝒱, V contains the diagonal of Y (i.e. {(*y*, *y*)  *Y*}). Every element of 𝒱 is called an **entourage**.

Uniformities generalize the idea (taken from metric spaces) of points that are "r-close" (for *r* \> 0), meaning that their distance is \< r. To clarify this, suppose that (*Y*, *d*) is a metric space (so the diagonal of Y is the set {(*y*, *z*)  *Y* × *Y* : *d*(*y*, *z*) = 0}) For any *r* \> 0, let

*U**r* = {(*y*, *z*)  *Y* × *Y* : *d*(*y*, *z*) \< *r*}

denote the set of all pairs of points that are r-close. Note that if we were to "forget" that d existed then, for any *r* \> 0, we would still be able to determine whether or not two points of Y are r-close by using only the sets *U**r*. In this way, the sets *U**r* encapsulate all the information necessary to define things such as uniform continuity and uniform convergence with*out* needing any metric. Axiomatizing the most basic properties of these sets leads to the definition of a uniformity. Indeed, the sets *U**r* generate the uniformity that is canonically associated with the metric space (*Y*, *d*).

The benefit of this generalization is that we may now extend some important definitions that make sense for metric spaces (e.g. completeness) to a broader category of topological spaces. In particular, to topological groups and topological vector spaces.

A weaker concept is that of even continuity A set *A* of continuous functions between two topological spaces *X* and *Y* is said to be **evenly continuous at** *x**X* and *y**Y* if given any open set *O* containing *y* there are neighborhoods *U* of *x* and *V* of *y* such that *f*\[*U*\] ⊆ *O* whenever *f*(*x*) ∈ *V*. It is **evenly continuous at** *x* if it is evenly continuous at *x* and *y* for every *y**Y*, and **evenly continuous** if it is evenly continuous at *x* for every *x**X*.

### Stochastic equicontinuity

Stochastic equicontinuity is a version of equicontinuity used in the context of sequences of functions of random variables, and their convergence.


title: Epectasis

abstract:
Epectasis is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
  - Epectasis hiekei Breuning, 1974
  - Epectasis juncea
  - Epectasis junceoides Breuning, 1961
  - Epectasis mexicana Breuning, 1954
  - Epectasis panamensis Breuning, 1974
  - Epectasis rotundipennis Breuning, 1943
  - Epectasis similis Gahan, 1895

text:
# Epectasis

***Epectasis*** is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Epectasis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Tribe: | Pteropliini |
| Genus: | *Epectasis* |
|


title: Epectasis hiekei

abstract: Epectasis hiekei is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1974. It is known from Honduras and Mexico.

text:
# Epectasis hiekei

***Epectasis hiekei*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1974. It is known from Honduras and Mexico.

## InfoBox

| *Epectasis hiekei* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Tribe: | Pteropliini |
| Genus: | *Epectasis* |
| Species: | ***E. hiekei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Epectasis hiekei***<br>Breuning, 1974 | |
|


title: Epectasis similis

abstract: Epectasis similis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Charles Joseph Gahan in 1895. It is known from Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Grenada, Martinique, Guadeloupe, and Dominica.

text:
# Epectasis similis

***Epectasis similis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Charles Joseph Gahan in 1895. It is known from Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Grenada, Martinique, Guadeloupe, and Dominica.

## InfoBox

| *Epectasis similis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Tribe: | Pteropliini |
| Genus: | *Epectasis* |
| Species: | ***E. similis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Epectasis similis***<br>Gahan, 1895 | |
|


title: Ergalatax tokugawai

abstract: Ergalatax tokugawai is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

text:
# Ergalatax tokugawai

***Ergalatax tokugawai*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## InfoBox

| *Ergalatax tokugawai* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Muricidae |
| Genus: | *Ergalatax* |
| Species: | ***E. tokugawai*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ergalatax tokugawai***<br>Kuroda & Habe, 1971 | |
|


title: Eric Scott Raymond

abstract: Eric Raymond is an American Certified Flight Instructor, Glider (sailplane) pilot, hang gliding pilot and designer of solar-powered airplanes.

text:
# Eric Scott Raymond

**Eric Raymond** (born October 27, 1956, in Tacoma, Washington) is an American Certified Flight Instructor, Glider (sailplane) pilot, hang gliding pilot and designer of solar-powered airplanes.

## Biography

Raymond was born in the US state of Washington. After completing his public education, he studied photography at Rochester Institute of Technology and aerospace engineering at University of California San Diego, California. He is living now in Europe.

## Aeronautic career

Raymond starting flying model airplanes as a child, designing and building his own model airplanes. In his teenage years he started flying sailplanes, but switched to hang gliding. He won the 1979 US Hang Gliding Championship. He also set world hang gliding records and in 1983 and 1984 became world aerobatic champion.

Working for Paul MacCready on unmanned aircraft, he met Günther Rochelt, and had occasion to pilot Rochelt's Musculair II human-powered aircraft. From this experience, and with help from Rochelt, Raymond determined to design a solar-powered aircraft. He founded Solar Flight and began construction of his design in 1986. Sunseeker I was test flown in 1989 as a glider. In early 1990 solar-powered flights were made with two brush motors driving a variable-pitch propeller and then with a brushless motor driving a folding propeller. In 1990 Raymond flew Sunseeker I across the US, and in 2009 he flew Sunseeker II all over southern Europe. From 2006 to 2009 he worked for Bertrand Piccard, building the solar panels for the Solar Impulse airplane. In 2009 Solar Flight began construction of a new solar-powered airplane, the Sunseeker Duo. Raymond has received considerable press coverage for his efforts advancing both solar-powered and electric aircraft, notably in 2011 as a team leader of the e-Genius team in the CAFE Foundation Green Flight Challenge.

On March 30, 2014, two Solar Flight test pilots flew the Sunseeker Duo from Milan, thus becoming the first solely-solar-powered aircraft to fly while carrying two people. The Duo has 1,510 solar cells on its 72-ft span wing and on its empennage surfaces, driving a tail-mounted 25KW electric motor.


title: Episode 3 (The Casual Vacancy)

abstract: "Episode 3" is the third and final episode of the British miniseries The Casual Vacancy based on the novel of the same title by J. K. Rowling.

text:
# Episode 3 (The Casual Vacancy)

"**Episode 3**" is the third and final episode of the British miniseries *The Casual Vacancy* based on the novel of the same title by J. K. Rowling.

## Synopsis

With the parish council election imminent, tensions rise in Pagford as each side steps up their campaign. Who will triumph in an election fraught with passion, duplicity and unexpected revelations? The battle lines are drawn, and the fate of Sweetlove House hangs in the balance.

## Reception

The episode received positive reviews from critics. Michael Hogan of *The Telegraph* gave the episode 3 out of 5 stars, despite some reservations about the digressions, saying:

> Beautifully shot and gorgeously soundtracked, it did get a happy coda of sorts, as the flames of young love flickered into life, while Miles grew a backbone and was reunited with wife Samantha (the brilliantly brittle Keeley Hawes). Bittersweet but bravo.

## InfoBox

| "**Episode 3**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *The Casual Vacancy* episode | |
| Episode no. | Episode 3 |
| Directed by | Jonny Campbell |
| Written by | Sarah Phelps |
| Featured music | Solomon Grey |
| Cinematography by | Tony Slater |
| Editing by | Tom Hemmings |
| Original air date | 1 March 2015 (2015-03-01) |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
|


title: Ergavia

abstract: Ergavia is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae. The genus was erected by Francis Walker in 1866.

text:
# Ergavia

***Ergavia*** is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae. The genus was erected by Francis Walker in 1866.

## Species

* Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul. "Search results Family: Geometridae". *Butterflies and Moths of the World*. Natural History Museum, London.
* Yu, Dicky Sick Ki. "*Ergavia* Walker 1866". *Home of Ichneumonoidea*. Taxapad. Archived from the original on February 3, 2013. Retrieved March 10, 2012.

## InfoBox

| *Ergavia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Ergavia subrufa* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Subfamily: | Oenochrominae |
| Genus: | *Ergavia*<br>Walker, 1866 |
|


title: Eric Agol

abstract: Eric Agol is an American astronomer and astrophysicist who was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2017.

text:
# Eric Agol

**Eric Agol** (born May 13, 1970 in Hollywood, California) is an American astronomer and astrophysicist who was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2017.

## Career

Agol is a professor and astrophysicist at the University of Washington in the Department of Astronomy. He obtained a B.A. in Physics and Mathematics from University of California, Berkeley in 1992 and a PhD in Physics from University of California, Santa Barbara in 1997 with Omer Blaes. He was awarded a Chandra Postdoctoral Fellowship in 2000, which he took to Caltech. He arrived at the University of Washington in 2003 as an Assistant Professor, and was promoted to the rank of full Professor in 2014. He advised former graduate student Jason Steffen and former postdoc Sarah Ballard.

## Research

In 2000, together with Fulvio Melia and Heino Falcke, he proposed the possibility of observing the event horizon of the supermassive black hole in the center of the Milky Way (Sagittarius A \*) with interconnected radio telescopes (VLBI at submillimeter wavelengths). This was implemented as the Event Horizon Telescope which detected the shadow of the black hole in the galaxy M87 in 2019, confirming a prediction of General Relativity.

In 2003, he predicted the possibility of the discovery of gravitational lensing in binary stars with Kepler (for example, a white dwarf with a sun-like star), which was also observed with the telescope.

In 2005, he was one of the first to show that exoplanet transits can vary over time due to accompanying planets. He coined the term transit timing variation to describe this.

He proposed the measurement of the infrared phase-variations of Hot Jupiters with the Spitzer Space Telescope and invented the longitudinal mapping from the phase curve, creating a Weather map of the exoplanet HD 189733 b.

In 2011 he proposed that white dwarfs might support a habitable zone for planets which migrate inwards after the red giant phase, and that these could be found with transit surveys. In 2020 a transiting giant planet was found to orbit a white dwarf near this zone with the TESS spacecraft.

He joined the Kepler Space Telescope team to discover the planet Kepler-36b. He subsequently discovered the Earth-like planet Kepler-62f, which is 1.4 times the diameter of the Earth and is located in the Goldilock zone. He also was part of the team which discovered the seven-planet system, TRAPPIST-1, including three Earth-like planets residing in the Goldilock zone.

He developed a fast Gaussian process technique based on the Rybicki Press algorithm which has been used to model stellar variability in data from the NASA TESS spacecraft.

Most recently he led a team which used transit-timing with the Spitzer Space Telescope to precisely characterize the Terrestrial Planets in the Trappist-1 system, showing that they share a common composition that differs from the terrestrial planets of the Solar System

## Personal life

Agol is the identical twin brother of mathematician Ian Agol.

1. "John Simon Guggenheim Foundation | Eric Agol". Retrieved 2020-08-24.
2. "| NASA Astrobiology Institute". *astrobiology.nasa.gov*. Retrieved 2020-08-24.
3. "Eric Agol, UW Astronomy". *faculty.washington.edu*. Retrieved 2020-08-24.
4. "Agol, Eric – Department of Astronomy". Retrieved 2020-08-24.
5. Falcke, Heino; Melia, Fulvio; Agol, Eric (1 January 2000). "Viewing the Shadow of the Black Hole at the Galactic Center". *The Astrophysical Journal*. **528** (1): L13–L16. arXiv:astro-ph/9912263. Bibcode:2000ApJ...528L..13F. doi:10.1086/312423. PMID 10587484. S2CID 119433133.
6. Overbye, Dennis (10 April 2019). "Darkness Visible, Finally: Astronomers Capture First Ever Image of a Black Hole". *The New York Times*.
7. "'Upside-down planet' reveals new method for studying binary star systems". *UW News*.
8. Agol, E.; Steffen, J.; Sari, R.; Clarkson, W. (11 May 2005). "On detecting terrestrial planets with timing of giant planet transits". *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **359** (2): 567–579. arXiv:2005.08922. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.359..567A. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08922.x. S2CID 16196696.
9. Cowan, N. B.; Agol, E.; Charbonneau, D. (1 August 2007). "Hot nights on extrasolar planets: mid-infrared phase variations of hot Jupiters". *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **379** (2): 641–646. arXiv:0705.1189. Bibcode:2007MNRAS.379..641C. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11897.x.
10. Knutson, Heather A.; Charbonneau, David; Allen, Lori E.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Agol, Eric; Cowan, Nicolas B.; Showman, Adam P.; Cooper, Curtis S.; Megeath, S. Thomas (May 2007). "A map of the day–night contrast of the extrasolar planet HD 189733b". *Nature*. **447** (7141): 183–186. arXiv:0705.0993. Bibcode:2007Natur.447..183K. doi:10.1038/nature05782. PMID 17495920.
11. Agol, Eric (April 2011). "Transit Surveys for Earths in the Habitable Zones of White Dwarfs". *The Astrophysical Journal Letters*. **731** (2): L31. arXiv:1103.2791. Bibcode:2011ApJ...731L..31A. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/731/2/L31. S2CID 118739494.
12. Ashley Strickland. "Giant planet found orbiting a dead white dwarf star". *CNN*.
13. "UW astronomer helps discover planet 1,200 light years from Earth". *king5.com*.
14. "Edmonds astronomer plays key role in discovery of two moonless planets". *My Edmonds News*. 7 July 2012.
15. "Astronomers discover five-planet system with most Earth-like exoplanet yet". *UW News*. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
16. Will Mari. "Life on Kepler-62f? How a UW astronomer found a tantalizing new world". *geekwire*. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
17. "The UW connection to an amazing astronomical discovery". *Q13 FOX*. 23 February 2017.
18. "UW astronomer Eric Agol assists in new seven-planet NASA discovery using 'distracted driving' technique". *UW News*. Retrieved 2020-08-24.
19. "UW astrophysicist played role in discovery of new planets". *king5.com*. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
20. Foreman-Mackey, Daniel; Agol, Eric; Ambikasaran, Sivaram; Angus, Ruth (9 November 2017). "Fast and Scalable Gaussian Process Modeling with Applications to Astronomical Time Series". *The Astronomical Journal*. **154** (6): 220. arXiv:1703.09710. Bibcode:2017AJ....154..220F. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa9332. S2CID 88521913.
21. "UW astrophysicist played role in discovery of new planets". *king5.com*. 24 February 2017.
22. "TRAPPIST-1's Seven Earth-Sized Planets Are Likely All Made Of The Same Stuff". *IFLScience*.
23. "The 7 Rocky TRAPPIST-1 Planets May Be Made of Similar Stuff". *Jet Propulsion Laboratory*.
24. "Interview with Ian Agol" (PDF). *Notices of the American Mathematical Society*. **63** (1): 24. January 2016.
25. "Alan Agol". *Marin Independent Journal*. October 5, 2005.


title: Eric Aho

abstract: Eric Aho is an American painter living in Vermont. DC Moore Gallery in New York City represents his work.

text:
# Eric Aho

**Eric Aho** (born 1966) is an American painter living in Vermont. DC Moore Gallery in New York City represents his work.

## Early life and education

Aho was born in Melrose, Massachusetts and moved to New Hampshire with his family in 1974. His father, whose parents had emigrated from Finland, worked for the Boston and Maine Railroad.

Aho studied at the Central School of Art and Design in London (1986–87), and received a BFA from the Massachusetts College of Art and Design in 1988. In 1989, he participated in the first exchange of scholars in over thirty years between the U.S. and Cuba. He completed his graduate work at the Lahti Art Institute (now the Lahti University of Applied Sciences) in Finland supported by a Fulbright Scholarship in 1991-92 and an American-Scandinavian Foundation grant in 1993.

## Career

Aho's paintings are noted for the way they simultaneously convey the power and fragility of nature. In an essay about Aho's painting, Donald Kuspit wrote: "He is a master of the natural sublime, but he realizes that intensely experienced nature becomes uncannily abstract, with no loss of concreteness. Aho puts the sublime back in nature, suggesting its abstract structure without denying its concrete fullness." He adds, "Aho regenerates abstraction by returning to its roots in the boundless generativity of nature, and with that gives us a fresh aesthetic consciousness of it."

From 1989 to 1998 Aho taught painting at the Putney School in Putney, Vermont. Since 1998, Aho has held an adjunct position as visiting lecturer in the Graduate Light Design Program at the University of the Arts in Helsinki, Finland, and has taught at the University of Lapland in Rovaniemi, Finland. He has been a visiting artist and critic at the Burren College of Art in County Clare, Ireland; the Ballinglen Arts Foundation in County Mayo Ireland; the Weir Farm National Historic Trust in Connecticut; Colgate University in Hamilton, New York; the National College of Art in Oslo, Norway; the University of Art and Design in Helsinki, Finland; the St. Paul's School, Concord, New Hampshire and the Harvard Graduate School of Design.

Aho's exhibitions include the Portland Museum of Art in Portland, Maine; the Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art in Ridgefield, CT; the Ogunquit Museum of American Art; the McMullen Museum at Boston College; the Nagoya/Boston Museum of Fine Arts, Nagoya, Japan; the National Academy of Design and the American Academy of Arts and Letters in New York City. The Oulu Museum of Art in Oulu, Finland; the Fleming Museum at the University of Vermont; The Currier Museum of Art, Manchester, NH; the Hood Museum of Art, Hanover, NH and the New Britain Museum of American Art, CT have presented solo exhibitions.

His paintings can be found in public collections throughout the country and abroad including the permanent collections of the Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, the Springfield Art Museum, the Currier Museum of Art, the Hood Museum of Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

### *Ice Cuts*

In the winter of 2016, the Hood Museum of Art presented *Eric Aho: Ice Cuts* curated by Katherine W. Hart. Aho's paintings of stark holes cut into a frozen pond prompted Hart to call Aho "One of the leading painters of landscape and the environment of his generation." *Ice Cuts* also brought praise from Sebastian Smee of *The Boston Globe*, who wrote: "Aho’s paintings enact an answer to mysterious, counterintuitive questions. The dynamic between black water and white ice is also a correlative — natural, not forced or contrived — of the much-masticated tension in 20th-century art between abstract and representational imagery, between the real and the reproduced." Smee concluded by declaring the work "a major accomplishment." In December 2016, Smee included *Eric Aho: Ice Cuts* in his "year-end round up," writing, "Eric Aho’s paintings of plunge pools cut out of ice at the Hood at Dartmouth College were fresh, bold, subtle, and urgent."

## Solo exhibitions

### 2017

* 2017: *Eric Aho: Inflection Point*, DC Moore Gallery, New York
* 2016
    + *Eric Aho: An Unfinished Point in a Vast Surrounding*, New Britain Museum of American Art, CT
    + *Eric Aho: Ice Cuts*, Hood Museum of Art, Hanover, NH
* 2015: *Eric Aho: Wilderness Studio*, DC Moore Gallery, New York
* 2013
    + *Eric Aho: Translation*, DC Moore Gallery, New York
    + *Eric Aho: In the Landscape*, Federal Reserve Board, Washington
* 2012: *Transcending Nature: Paintings by Eric Aho*, Currier Museum of Art, Manchester, NH
* 2011: *Eric Aho: Covert*, DC Moore Gallery, New York
* 2010
    + *Occurrence*, Tory Folliard Gallery, Milwaukee
    + *Eric Aho: Memory and Invention*, Hidell Brooks Gallery, Charlotte, NC
* 2009
    + *Eric Aho: Red Winter*, DC Moore Gallery, New York
    + *Eric Aho: Ice Box*, Brattleboro Museum, VT
* 2008
    + *Wilderness*, Alpha Gallery, Boston
    + *Outermost*, Brickwalk Fine Art, West Hartford, CT
* 2007
    + *Quarry*, Reeves Contemporary, New York
    + *New Paintings*, Tory Folliard Gallery, Milwaukee
* 2006
    + *The Becoming Line: Pastel Drawings*, Brickwalk Fine Art, West Hartford, CT
    + *Copper Field Suite: New Monotypes*, Center for Contemporary Printmaking, Norwalk, CT
    + *Geography IV*, Alpha Gallery, Boston
    + *Paintings*, Hidell Brooks Gallery, Charlotte, NC
* 2005
    + *New Paintings*, Reeves Contemporary, New York
    + *Paintings*, Tory Folliard Gallery, Milwaukee
    + *Monotypes*, Devin Borden Hiram Butler Gallery, Houston
* 2004
    + *Paintings*, Spheris Gallery, Bellows Falls, VT
    + *New Paintings*, Alpha Gallery, Boston
    + *Texas Papers*, Devin Borden Hiram Butler Gallery, Houston
* 2003
    + *The Overstory*, Reeves Contemporary, New York
    + *Paintings*, Gallery BE’19, Helsinki
    + *Recent Work,* Paesaggio Gallery, West Hartford, CT
    + *The Overhead Lake: New Paintings*, Hargate Art Center, St. Paul's School, Concord, NH
    + Tremaine Gallery, Hotchkiss School, Lakeville, CT
* 2002
    + *New Paintings*, Munson Gallery, Santa Fe
        - *Watershed: Paintings of the Connecticut River Valley*, Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site, Cornish, NH
            * *Distances: Paintings of New England and Ireland*, Alpha Gallery, Boston
* 2001
    + *Three Counties*, Spheris Gallery, Walpole, NH
    + *The River, Field and Sky: New Paintings*, Susan Conway Gallery, Washington
* 2000
    + *Standing Still, New Paintings*, Munson Gallery, Santa Fe
    + *Pure Geography*, Barton-Ryan Gallery, Boston
* 1999
    + *The Distant Landscape: New Paintings*, Spheris Gallery, Walpole, NH
    + *New Helsinki Views*, Galleria Pintura, Helsinki
    + *A Passion for Winter*: The Landscapes of Eric Aho, Susan Conway Gallery, Washington
* 1998
    + *Recent Paintings*, Spheris Gallery, Walpole, NH
    + *The Qualities of Heaven and Earth*, Oulu City Art Museum, Finland; Vermont College, Montpelier; Embassy of Finland, Washington
* 1996: *Nocturnes: Recent Paintings by Eric Aho*, Fleming Museum, University of Vermont, Burlington
* 1994: *Paintings*, Gallery Pelin, Helsinki
* 1991: *Paintings from the Hemlock Ravine*, Tyler Gallery, Marlboro College, VT

## Reviews and Press Mentions

## Further reading


title: Erhard Eppler

abstract: Erhard Eppler was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and founder of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ). He studied English, German and history in Frankfurt, Bern and Tübingen, achieved a PhD and worked as a teacher. He met Gustav Heinemann in the late 1940s, who became a role model. Eppler was a member of the Bundestag from 1961 to 1976. He was appointed Minister for Economic Cooperation first in 1968 during the grand coalition of Kurt Georg Kiesinger (CDU) and Willy Brandt (SPD), continuing under Chancellor Brandt in 1969 and Chancellor Helmut Schmidt (SPD) in 1974, when he stepped down. An early thinker on environmental sustainability and peace movements, Eppler was involved in various controversies within his party. He was president of the Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag from 1981 to 1983 and again from 1989 to 1991.

text:
# Erhard Eppler

**Erhard Eppler** (9 December 1926 – 19 October 2019) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and founder of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ). He studied English, German and history in Frankfurt, Bern and Tübingen, achieved a PhD and worked as a teacher. He met Gustav Heinemann in the late 1940s, who became a role model. Eppler was a member of the Bundestag from 1961 to 1976. He was appointed Minister for Economic Cooperation first in 1968 during the grand coalition of Kurt Georg Kiesinger (CDU) and Willy Brandt (SPD), continuing under Chancellor Brandt in 1969 and Chancellor Helmut Schmidt (SPD) in 1974, when he stepped down.

An early thinker on environmental sustainability and peace movements, Eppler was involved in various controversies within his party. He was president of the Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag (German Protestant Church Assembly) from 1981 to 1983 and again from 1989 to 1991.

## Early years

Born in Ulm on 9 December 1926, Eppler grew up in Schwäbisch Hall where his father was the headmaster of the local grammar school. His grandfather was pastor at the Ulmer Münster. During World War II, Eppler served from 1943 to 1945 in an anti-aircraft unit. He passed his Abitur in 1946, and studied English, German and history at the Frankfurt University, in Bern and in Tübingen. In 1951, he completed his PhD with a thesis on Elizabethan tragedy. He worked as a teacher at the Gymnasium in Schwenningen from 1953 until 1961.

## Eppler and political parties

Eppler became a member of the NSDAP in September 1943, at the age of 16. Later he spoke of this decision as "stupidity", but also said, "It wasn't against my will that I ended up on some list \[of members of the NSDAP\], but I accepted it. Things were like that in those times."

While he was studying in Bern at the end of the 1940s, Eppler got to know Gustav Heinemann, one of the founders of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). Heinemann became Minister of the Interior from 1949 to 1950, but then left the cabinet, and later the CDU, together with several other party members who disagreed with Chancellor Konrad Adenauer's policy of complete integration into the Western world. Eppler joined Heinemann's new party, the All-German People's Party (Gesamtdeutsche Volkspartei), in 1952, but like most members of the GVP, including Heinemann, he changed over to the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in 1956.

For most of the time between 1970 and 1991 Eppler belonged to the SPD's National Executive Committee. He chaired an SPD commission on tax reform, and from 1973 to 1991 served on a commission for formulating the party's basic values (*Grundwertekommission*), where he supported opposition to atomic energy.

From 1973 to 1981 Eppler was the leader of the regional SPD in Baden-Württemberg. He was the SPD's candidate for the office of minister-president in that state, but his party was defeated by the CDU in two state elections.

## Member of parliament and minister

Eppler was a member of the Bundestag, the parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany, from 1961 to 1976.

On 16 October 1968, Eppler was appointed Minister for Economic Cooperation in the grand coalition government of Chancellor Kurt Georg Kiesinger (CDU) and Foreign Minister Willy Brandt (SPD). He continued in that office when Willy Brandt became Chancellor in 1969, but after his department was subject to severe budget cuts under the following Chancellor, Helmut Schmidt (SPD) in 1974, he stepped down in protest.

## Political views

Eppler has always been considered to be a proponent of the left within the SPD. During Gerhard Schröder's second term as Chancellor (2002–2005), however, he supported the government's economic and social reforms, which were widely criticized as neo-liberal (Agenda 2010). Moreover, although he had been close to the peace movement of the 1980s, he supported the foreign policy of the Schröder government and approved of German participation in the military interventions in Kosovo in 1999 and Afghanistan since 2001. He was an early adopter of views about ecological topics and environmental protection. In spite of his general loyalty to his party's leadership, he was especially unhappy with much of its economic policy during the party's time in power.

In his book *Not much time for the Third World*, Eppler was one of the first to point out the connections between environmental protection and international development.

## Social involvement

After his withdrawal from federal politics, Eppler involved himself more in his work in the Protestant Church. From 1981 to 1983 and again from 1989 to 1991, he was president of the Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag (German Protestant Church Congress).

Eppler was also a member of the Wacholderhof Association, which promotes international cooperation, fair trade, and environmental sustainability. Eppler's numerous publications also show his political and social involvement. They deal with a wide range of subjects that concern not only the political situation in Germany and the economy but also general questions of developments in politics and society. In 2006, one of his books on the role of the state was honoured with the *Das politische Buch 2006* prize of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation.

## Works

Eppler's books are held by the German National Library, including:

* *Die tödliche Utopie der Sicherheit.* Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1983, ISBN 3-498-01631-8.
* *Plattform für eine neue Mehrheit. Ein Kommentar zum Berliner Programm der SPD* (= *Politik im Taschenbuch.* Band 1). Dietz, Bonn 1990, ISBN 3-8012-0158-9.
* *Kavalleriepferde beim Hornsignal. Die Krise der Politik im Spiegel der Sprache* (= *Edition Suhrkamp* 1788 = NF 788). Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1992, ISBN 3-518-11788-2.
* *Privatisierung der politischen Moral?* (= *Edition Suhrkamp. Standpunkte* 2185). Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 2000, ISBN 3-518-12185-5.
* *Komplettes Stückwerk. Erfahrungen aus fünfzig Jahren Politik.* Insel-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main u. a. 1996, ISBN 3-458-16770-6.
* *Eine Partei für das zweite Jahrzehnt: die SPD?* Vorwärts-Buch, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-86602-175-4.
* *Der Politik aufs Maul geschaut. Kleines Wörterbuch zum öffentlichen Sprachgebrauch.* Dietz, Bonn 2009, ISBN 978-3-8012-0397-9.
* *Eine solidarische Leistungsgesellschaft. Epochenwechsel nach der Blamage der Marktliberalen.* Dietz, Bonn 2011, ISBN 978-3-8012-0422-8.
* *Links leben. Erinnerungen eines Wertkonservativen.* Propyläen Verlag, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-549-07465-7.

## InfoBox

| Erhard Eppler | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Minister for Economic Cooperation | |
| **In office**
1968–1974 | |
| Preceded by | Hans-Jürgen Wischnewski |
| Succeeded by | Egon Bahr |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1926-12-09)9 December 1926
Ulm, Weimar Republic |
| Died | 19 October 2019(2019-10-19) (aged 92)
Schwäbisch Hall, Germany |
| Political party | Social Democratic Party |
| Occupation | Teacher |
|  | |


title: Eric Ferrara

abstract: Eric Ferrara Is an American author, historian, educator, and entrepreneur; a fourth generation native New Yorker, and well known for discovering and uncovering parts of unknown or little known NYC history.

text:
# Eric Ferrara

**Eric Ferrara** Is an American author, historian, educator, and entrepreneur; a fourth generation native New Yorker, and well known for discovering and uncovering parts of unknown or little known NYC history.

## Overview

Ferrara is founder and director of the Lower East Side History Project, an award-winning non-profit organization dedicated to researching, documenting and preserving the history of the greater Lower East Side of New York City.

Ferrara is also founder of the former "Museum of the American Gangster" and "East Village Visitor Center" in New York City.

## Bibliography

### Books

* *REVOLT: East Village Activism Literature, 1960s-1990s* (Lower East Side History Project Press, Jan 2018, ISBN 978-1984123695)
* *Lower East Side: Then & Now* (Arcadia, Nov 2012, ISBN 978-0738597713)
* *Lower East Side: Oral Histories* (History Press, Nov 2012, ISBN 978-1609497941)
* *Manhattan Mafia Guide* (History Press, Jul 2011, ISBN 978-1609493066)
* *The Bowery: A History of Grit, Graft and Grandeur* (History Press, Feb 2011, ISBN 978-1609491789)
* *A Guide to Gangsters, Murderers and Weirdos of NYC's Lower East Side* (History Press, Jul 2009, ISBN 978-1596296770)

### Articles

* "Ahoy? The St. Mark’s Place Navy," The Villager, March 1, 2012
* "Village’s ‘Little Hall of Fame’ had a memorable run," The Villager, February 23, 2012
* "Prison to Pad Thai, Bleecker building has seen it all," The Villager, February 16, 2012
* "A tale of two Manhattan Islands," The Villager, February 9, 2012

## Movie/TV Consultant & Appearances

* Metrofocus, discussing The Godfather, PBS (October 3, 2018)
* The Irishman Martin Scorsese/Netflix (2018)
* Ravenite: An Antisocial Social Club, Public Pictures (2015)
* “The Iceman” Richard Kuklinski, Discovery Channel (2015)
* Hunt For History, "The Mafia," H2/History Channel (2014)
* Copper, BBC America (2012)
* The Great Gatsby, Warner Brothers Pictures (2011)
* Secrets of New York, NYC-TV (2011)
* "Jack the Ripper: The German Suspect," National Geographic Channel (2011)
* Boardwalk Empire, HBO (2010)
* Ghost Hunters International, SyFy Network (2009)
* 50th anniversary re-release of the Lionel Rogosin classic, On The Bowery (2009)


title: Eric Brereton

abstract: Eric Hugh Brereton, OBE (1889–1962) was Dean of Glasgow and Galloway from 1959 to 1962. He was born on 17 November 1889, educated at Durham University; and ordained deacon in 1912, and became a priest in 1913. Following curacies in Leith and at St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh, he was a Chaplain to the Forces from 1915 to 1919. He was then a Chaplain to the Territorial Army until 1940. He became Rector of Christ Church, Morningside from 1921 until 1927; Vice-Provost of St Mary's Cathedral, Glasgow from 1927 until 1933; and Rector of St Margaret Glasgow from 1933 until his death on 8 December 1962.

text:
# Eric Brereton

**Eric Hugh Brereton**, OBE (1889–1962) was Dean of Glasgow and Galloway from 1959 to 1962.

He was born on 17 November 1889, educated at Durham University; and ordained deacon in 1912, and became a priest in 1913. Following curacies in Leith and at St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh, he was a Chaplain to the Forces from 1915 to 1919. He was then a Chaplain to the Territorial Army until 1940. He became Rector of Christ Church, Morningside from 1921 until 1927; Vice-Provost of St Mary's Cathedral, Glasgow from 1927 until 1933; and Rector of St Margaret Glasgow from 1933 until his death on 8 December 1962.