title: Re(cord)

abstract: Re(cord) is the sixteenth studio album by Japanese singer-songwriter Koda Kumi. It was released on November 13, 2019, which coincided with Kumi's 37th birthday. It was released in four editions: CD only, CD+DVD, CD+Blu-ray and a CD+3DVD fan club edition. Prior to the album, Kumi released nine digital singles to help promote the album: "Eh Yo", "Summer Time", "Do Me", "Goldfinger 2019", "Put Your Hands Up!!!", "OMG", "Strip", "Get Naked" and "Again". Of those released, three had corresponding music videos. "Goldfinger 2019", "Strip" and "Again". It debuted at number four on the weekly Oricon Albums Chart.

text:
# Re(cord)

***Re(cord)*** (stylized as *re(CORD)*) is the sixteenth studio album by Japanese singer-songwriter Koda Kumi. It was released on November 13, 2019, which coincided with Kumi's 37th birthday. It was released in four editions: CD only, CD+DVD, CD+Blu-ray and a CD+3DVD fan club edition.

Prior to the album, Kumi released nine digital singles to help promote the album: "Eh Yo", "Summer Time", "Do Me", "Goldfinger 2019", "Put Your Hands Up!!!", "OMG", "Strip", "Get Naked" and "Again". Of those released, three had corresponding music videos. "Goldfinger 2019", "Strip" and "Again".

It debuted at number four on the weekly Oricon Albums Chart.

## Background

The album was preceded by nine digital singles: "Eh Yo", "Summer Time", "Do Me", "Goldfinger 2019", "Put Your Hands Up!!!", "OMG", "Strip", "Get Naked" and "Again". All nine singles were placed on the album.

The album was released in four editions: CD only, CD+DVD, CD+Blu-ray and a limited fan club CD+3DVD edition.

The CD contained four new tracks, along with the previously released digital singles and the unreleased cover of Ricky Martin's "Livin' La Vida Loca", which had been released on avex's official YouTube in July. The first DVD and Blu-ray contained the corresponding music videos for "Again", "Goldfinger 2019" and the aforementioned "Livin' La Vida Loca", and the album exclusive "k,", along with a dance version. The second and third DVD were only released on the CD+3DVD fan club edition. The second DVD housed the behind-the-scenes making videos for the music videos "Goldfinger 2019" and "Livin' La Vida Loca", and the overall making video for the album. The third DVD held the making video for "Again".

To help promote the album, four of the nine singles were used for promotional purposes. "Eh Yo" was used as the Hanazono support song for the 2019 Rugby World Cup. She performed "Summer Time", "Eh Yo" and "Do Me" during *a-nation 2019* on August 18, 2019. On August 10, She performed the cover of Hiromi Go's "Goldfinger '99" at the 2019 Jingu Gaien Fireworks Festival. "Strip" was used as the theme song for part two of *Otona no Tsuchi Dora* series.

## Promotional activities

To help promote the album, some of the songs were used for promotional purposes.

"Eh Yo" was used as the Hanazono support song for the 2019 Rugby World Cup. Koda Kumi debuted the song on June 15, 2019, with a performance at Tennōji Park in Tennōji-ku, Osaka for the "100 Days To Go" event. She also performed "Eh Yo" during TV Tokyo's *Music Festival 2019*, along with her 2007 song "Ai no Uta".

She performed "Summer Time", "Eh Yo" and "Do Me" during a-nation 2019 on August 18, 2019. On August 10, Kumi performed the cover of Hiromi Go's "Goldfinger '99" at the 2019 Jingu Gaien Fireworks Festival.

"Strip" was used as the theme song for part two of the Tokai TV and Fuji TV series *Otona no Tsuchi Dora* (オトナの土ドラ), titled *Rika* (リカ). A special promotional video was uploaded on avex's official YouTube on October 15, 2019. The album exclusive track "Merry Go Round" was used in a television commercial for T-Garden's *loveil* contact lenses.

## Commercial performance

*Re(cord)* debuted in the top five of the daily Oricon Albums Charts at No. 4, becoming Kumi's third consecutive album to not take the number one spot (*AND* charted at No 6 and *DNA* charted at No. 2). Within the first week, the album sold 13,533 copies.

By the end of the second week, the album had dropped in rank to No. 49, selling an additional 940 units.

## Single: Eh Yo

| "Eh Yo" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Koda Kumi | |
| from the album  *re(CORD)* | |
| Released | July 3, 2019 |
| Recorded | 2019 |
| Label | Rhythm Zone |
| Songwriter(s) | Koda Kumi, Hi-yunk |
| Producer(s) | Koda Kumi |
| Koda Kumi singles chronology | |
| "Never Enough"
(2017) "**Eh Yo**"
(2019) "Summer Time"
(2019) | |

"**Eh Yo**" is the first single released by Japanese artist Koda Kumi post her studio albums *DNA* and *And*, and sixty-third overall. It became her first single in nearly two years, with her last being "Never Enough" (2017). It also became the first of three digital singles she would release in July 2019, alongside "Summer Time" and "Do Me".

The single was released as a digital single on July 3, 2019.

### Information

"Eh Yo" is the sixty-third single released by Japanese singer-songwriter Koda Kumi on July 3, 2019. It was officially announced on June 17, 2019, having debuted on June 15 with a performance at Tennōji Park. The single became her first in nearly two years, with her prior being *Never Enough* in December 2017.

Due to having no physical release, the song did not chart on the Oricon Singles Chart. However, the song was given a five star ranking on the popular digital music store RecoChoku. The single was released as a digital download, and distributed among sites like RecoChoku, iTunes and Amazon Music.

The song was written and composed by Kumi's husband, Back-On lead vocalist Kenji, who is credited at "Hi-yunk". The lyrical portion was written by Kumi herself.

To help promote the song, "Eh Yo" was used as the Hanazono support song of the 2019 Rugby World Cup.

### Cover art

The single's cover art was inspired by her 2019 concert tour *Live Tour 2019 ～re(LIVE)～*, which held a dual concept from her *Black Cherry* and *Japonesque* concert tours.

### Track listing

Digital download
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Arranger(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Eh Yo" | Koda Kumi | Hi-yunk | Hi-yunk | 4:11 |

## Music videos

While two of the corresponding singles had their music videos placed on the first DVD/Blu-ray, there were two that were not added: "Strip" and "Get Naked".

"Strip" featured Koda Kumi in the stylized kimono she wore during promoting and the tour for *Live Tour 2019 re(LIVE)*, which carried a dual concept from her *Black Cherry* (2006) and *Japonesque* (2012) studio albums. Other scenes included her in a glass box, donning a dress similar to the one she wore during her introductory performance for *Live Tour 2007 ~Black Cherry~.* "Get Naked" was filmed on the same set the album covers were shot. In the video, Kumi is shown entangled in the cords, symbolizing being a "slave to music". She is also shown carrying a blacklight, which is typically used to find substances that cannot be seen by the naked eye. A preview of the video was uploaded to Avex's official YouTube.

The music video for "k," is an upbeat dance number. Kumi said the dance was based on her workout routine, which typically includes yoga and light strength training. In the video, Kumi and her dancers wear bright colors (lime green and orange in one segment and pink and yellow in the other) while performing the dance with similarly colored backdrops. Other scenes include Kumi donning braids with balloons tying off the ends, lifting her hair. The style gained coverage on various sites, becoming known as "colorful balloon hair". The style received predominantly positive comments, though some were questioning the young style on the seasoned artist. The video was uploaded on her official YouTube a week prior to the album's release on November 5 to assist promotion. An alternate dance version was also released on the album, which omitted the scenes of her "balloon hair" and only focused on the dances between the two sets.

For "Again", Kumi revisited past styles, taking from two of her most popular winter-time ballads, "Ai no Uta" (2007) and "You" (2005). The teardrop crystals and a similar dress from "Ai no Uta" were used, as was walking in the snow wearing a knit cap and large shawl from "You". The message, overall, was to grow with the past, instead of from it. The music video was uploaded on the official YouTube on October 29, 2019.

The videos for "Goldfinger 2019" and "Livin' La Vida Loca" were predominantly the same. On July 20, 2019, Koda Kumi released the cover of Ricky Martin's hit "Livin' la Vida Loca" via Avex's official YouTube. Three weeks later on August 13, she released "Goldfinger 2019", which was the Japanese remake." Both videos were nearly identical, with only slight changes. Both videos open with Kumi spinning down onto the stage via a cloth rope while donning bright, translucent yellow garb. As the song picks up, people begin to dance on the dance floor as various signs light up. During the chorus, both Kumi and the dancers perform the same choreography. An alternate version of Kumi is approached by a Caucasian male. After he treats her to a night out, she leaves him, watching on in satisfaction as he tries and fails to find her. It then breaks to an aggressive beat where Kumi and the dancers perform a modern hip-hop dance. This portion of the video was performed in black and white. When it picks up to the prior set, the dancers, including Kumi, are shown dancing in the rain. The video ends with Kumi performing the tango with another dancer as the credits roll.

## Track listing

CD
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Do Me" | Koda Kumi | T-SK • HIROMI • Joleen Belle | 3:23 |
| 2. | "Get Naked" | Koda Kumi | Erika Nuri • Michael Anthony Naylor • Ronald M. Ferebee Jr. • Lindsay Johnson | 3:20 |
| 3. | "Strip" | Koda Kumi | DWB • Katerina Bramley | 3:33 |
| 4. | "k," | Koda Kumi | Matt Wong • Paulina Cerilla • G'harah "PK" Degeddingseze • Jamie Jones | 3:29 |
| 5. | "Rich & Famous" (featuring Sean Paul) | Koda Kumi • Sean Paul | Toby GadTy Dolla SignLady GTulisa | 4:09 |
| 6. | "Again" | Koda Kumi | 2SB | 5:20 |
| 7. | "Merry Go Round" | Koda Kumi • Henrik Nordenback • Christian Fast • J-Son | Henrik Nordenback • Christian Fast • J-Son | 4:10 |
| 8. | "Eh Yo" (-re(CORD) edit-) | Koda Kumi | Hi-yunk | 4:24 |
| 9. | "Goldfinger 2019" | Desmond ChildDraco Rosa • Kan Chinfa (Japanese translation) | Junnosuke Fujita • Baba Osuke • Yuto Shimizu • Shouya Matsuzaki • Hikaru Teraya • Makoto Nagatomo • Yoshihiro Tsujimoto | 4:33 |
| 10. | "Put Your Hands Up!!!" | Koda Kumi • 2SB | 2SB | 4:24 |
| 11. | "Summer Time" | Koda Kumi | Justin Reinstein • Maria Marcus | 3:36 |
| 12. | "OMG" | Koda Kumi | T-SK • HIROMI • Joleen Belle • SIRIUS • Jasmine Anderson • Johan Johan Ramström | 3:56 |
| 13. | "Shutout" | Koda Kumi | Andreas ÖbergKanata Okajima • Soma Genda | 3:38 |
| 14. | "Livin' la Vida Loca" | Desmond Child • Draco Rosa | Desmond Child • Draco Rosa | 4:32 |
| Total length: | | | | 56:27 |

DVD/Blu-ray
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "k," (music video) | 3:28 |
| 2. | "k," (dance version) (music video) | 3:25 |
| 3. | "Again" (music video) | 5:24 |
| 4. | "Goldfinger 2019" (music video) | 4:32 |
| 5. | "Livin' La Vida Loca" (music video) | 4:32 |
| Total length: | | 21:21 |

DVD2: Behind-the-Scenes
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Goldfinger 2019 & Livin' La Vida Loca" (making of) |  |
| 2. | "Album『re(CORD)』" (making of) |  |

DVD3: Behind-the-Scenes
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Again" (making of the music video) |  |

## Charts

| Chart (2019) | Peak
position | Total sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Japan Hot Albums (*Billboard Japan*) | 5 |  |

| Release | Chart | Peak position | Chart run | Total sales |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| November 13, 2019 | Oricon Daily Albums Chart | 4 |  |  |
| November 13, 2019 | Oricon Weekly Albums Chart | 4 | 5 weeks |  |
| November 13, 2019 | Oricon Monthly Album Charts | 17 | 1 month | 15,003 |

## InfoBox

| Re(cord) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Koda Kumi | |
| Released | November 13, 2019 |
| Recorded | 2019 |
| Genre | J-pop |
| Label | Rhythm Zone |
| Producer | Koda Kumi |
| Koda Kumi chronology | |
| *Koda Kumi Driving Hit's 9 -Special Edition-*
(2019) ***Re(cord)***
(2019) *Re(mix)*
(2020) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Re(cord)* | |
| 1. "Eh Yo"
Released: July 3, 2019 2. "Summer Time"
Released: July 10, 2019 3. "Do Me"
Released: July 17, 2019 4. "Goldfinger 2019"
Released: August 14, 2019 5. "Put Your Hands Up!!!"
Released: September 13, 2019 6. "OMG"
Released: September 18, 2019 7. "Strip"
Released: October 16, 2019 8. "Get Naked"
Released: October 23, 2019 9. "Again"
Released: October 30, 2019 | |
|  | |


title: Recoules-de-Fumas

abstract: Recoules-de-Fumas is a commune in the Lozère department in southern France.

text:
# Recoules-de-Fumas

**Recoules-de-Fumas** is a commune in the Lozère department in southern France.

## Geography

The river Colagne forms most of the commune's eastern border.

## InfoBox

| Recoules-de-Fumas | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The village of Recoules-de-Fumas | |
| Location of Recoules-de-Fumas | |
| Recoules-de-FumasRecoules-de-Fumas | |
| Coordinates: 44°38′31″N 3°20′48″E / 44.6419°N 3.3467°E / 44.6419; 3.3467 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Occitania |
| Department | Lozère |
| Arrondissement | Mende |
| Canton | Marvejols |
| Intercommunality | Gévaudan |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Christophe Sudre |
| Area**1** | 9.77 km2 (3.77 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 101 |
| Density | 10/km2 (27/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 48124 /48100 |
| Elevation | 879–1,144 m (2,884–3,753 ft)
(avg. 1,050 m or 3,440 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Rectified 7-cubes

abstract: In seven-dimensional geometry, a rectified 7-cube is a convex uniform 7-polytope, being a rectification of the regular 7-cube. There are unique 7 degrees of rectifications, the zeroth being the 7-cube, and the 6th and last being the 7-cube. Vertices of the rectified 7-cube are located at the edge-centers of the 7-ocube. Vertices of the birectified 7-cube are located in the square face centers of the 7-cube. Vertices of the trirectified 7-cube are located in the cube cell centers of the 7-cube.

text:
# Rectified 7-cubes

|
7-cube
 |
Rectified 7-cube
 |
Birectified 7-cube
 |
Trirectified 7-cube
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
Birectified 7-orthoplex
 |
Rectified 7-orthoplex
 |
7-orthoplex
 |
| Orthogonal projections in B7 Coxeter plane | | | |

In seven-dimensional geometry, a **rectified 7-cube** is a convex uniform 7-polytope, being a rectification of the regular 7-cube.

There are unique 7 degrees of rectifications, the zeroth being the 7-cube, and the 6th and last being the 7-cube. Vertices of the rectified 7-cube are located at the edge-centers of the 7-ocube. Vertices of the birectified 7-cube are located in the square face centers of the 7-cube. Vertices of the trirectified 7-cube are located in the cube cell centers of the 7-cube.

## Rectified 7-cube

| Rectified 7-cube | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | uniform 7-polytope |
| Schläfli symbol | r{4,3,3,3,3,3} |
| Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams |
 |
| 6-faces | 128 + 14 |
| 5-faces | 896 + 84 |
| 4-faces | 2688 + 280 |
| Cells | 4480 + 560 |
| Faces | 4480 + 672 |
| Edges | 2688 |
| Vertices | 448 |
| Vertex figure | 5-simplex prism |
| Coxeter groups | B7, \[3,3,3,3,3,4\] |
| Properties | convex |

### Alternate names

* rectified hepteract (Acronym rasa) (Jonathan Bowers)

### Images

orthographic projections
| Coxeter plane | B7 / A6 | B6 / D7 | B5 / D6 / A4 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Graph |  |  |  |
| Dihedral symmetry | \[14\] | \[12\] | \[10\] |
| Coxeter plane | B4 / D5 | B3 / D4 / A2 | B2 / D3 |
| Graph |  |  |  |
| Dihedral symmetry | \[8\] | \[6\] | \[4\] |
| Coxeter plane | A5 | A3 |
| Graph |  |  |
| Dihedral symmetry | \[6\] | \[4\] |

### Cartesian coordinates

Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a rectified 7-cube, centered at the origin, edge length $\sqrt {2}\ $ are all permutations of:

(±1,±1,±1,±1,±1,±1,0)

## Birectified 7-cube

| Birectified 7-cube | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | uniform 7-polytope |
| Coxeter symbol | 0411 |
| Schläfli symbol | 2r{4,3,3,3,3,3} |
| Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams |
 |
| 6-faces | 128 + 14 |
| 5-faces | 448 + 896 + 84 |
| 4-faces | 2688 + 2688 + 280 |
| Cells | 6720 + 4480 + 560 |
| Faces | 8960 + 4480 |
| Edges | 6720 |
| Vertices | 672 |
| Vertex figure | {3}x{3,3,3} |
| Coxeter groups | B7, \[3,3,3,3,3,4\] |
| Properties | convex |

### Alternate names

* Birectified hepteract (Acronym bersa) (Jonathan Bowers)

### Images

orthographic projections
| Coxeter plane | B7 / A6 | B6 / D7 | B5 / D6 / A4 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Graph |  |  |  |
| Dihedral symmetry | \[14\] | \[12\] | \[10\] |
| Coxeter plane | B4 / D5 | B3 / D4 / A2 | B2 / D3 |
| Graph |  |  |  |
| Dihedral symmetry | \[8\] | \[6\] | \[4\] |
| Coxeter plane | A5 | A3 |
| Graph |  |  |
| Dihedral symmetry | \[6\] | \[4\] |

### Cartesian coordinates

Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a birectified 7-cube, centered at the origin, edge length $\sqrt {2}\ $ are all permutations of:

(±1,±1,±1,±1,±1,0,0)

## Trirectified 7-cube

| Trirectified 7-cube | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | uniform 7-polytope |
| Schläfli symbol | 3r{4,3,3,3,3,3} |
| Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams |
 |
| 6-faces | 128 + 14 |
| 5-faces | 448 + 896 + 84 |
| 4-faces | 672 + 2688 + 2688 + 280 |
| Cells | 3360 + 6720 + 4480 |
| Faces | 6720 + 8960 |
| Edges | 6720 |
| Vertices | 560 |
| Vertex figure | {3,3}x{3,3} |
| Coxeter groups | B7, \[3,3,3,3,3,4\] |
| Properties | convex |

### Alternate names

* Trirectified hepteract
* Trirectified 7-orthoplex
* Trirectified heptacross (Acronym sez) (Jonathan Bowers)

### Images

orthographic projections
| Coxeter plane | B7 / A6 | B6 / D7 | B5 / D6 / A4 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Graph |  |  |  |
| Dihedral symmetry | \[14\] | \[12\] | \[10\] |
| Coxeter plane | B4 / D5 | B3 / D4 / A2 | B2 / D3 |
| Graph |  |  |  |
| Dihedral symmetry | \[8\] | \[6\] | \[4\] |
| Coxeter plane | A5 | A3 |
| Graph |  |  |
| Dihedral symmetry | \[6\] | \[4\] |

### Cartesian coordinates

Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a trirectified 7-cube, centered at the origin, edge length $\sqrt {2}\ $ are all permutations of:

(±1,±1,±1,±1,0,0,0)

2-isotopic hypercubes
| Dim. | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | *n* |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Name | t{4} | r{4,3} | 2t{4,3,3} | 2r{4,3,3,3} | 3t{4,3,3,3,3} | 3r{4,3,3,3,3,3} | 4t{4,3,3,3,3,3,3} | ... |
| Coxeter
diagram |  |  |  |  |  |  | |  |
| Images |  |  |  |  |  |  | |  |
| Facets |  | {3}
{4} | t{3,3}
t{3,4} | r{3,3,3}
r{3,3,4} | 2t{3,3,3,3}
2t{3,3,3,4} | 2r{3,3,3,3,3}
2r{3,3,3,3,4} | | 3t{3,3,3,3,3,3}
3t{3,3,3,3,3,4} |
| Vertex
figure | ( )v( ) |
{ }×{ } |
{ }v{ } |
{3}×{4} |
{3}v{4} | {3,3}×{3,4} | | {3,3}v{3,4} |

* H.S.M. Coxeter:
    + H.S.M. Coxeter, *Regular Polytopes*, 3rd Edition, Dover New York, 1973
    + **Kaleidoscopes: Selected Writings of H.S.M. Coxeter**, edited by F. Arthur Sherk, Peter McMullen, Anthony C. Thompson, Asia Ivic Weiss, Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1995, ISBN 978-0-471-01003-6
        - (Paper 22) H.S.M. Coxeter, *Regular and Semi Regular Polytopes I*, \[Math. Zeit. 46 (1940) 380-407, MR 2,10\]
        - (Paper 23) H.S.M. Coxeter, *Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes II*, \[Math. Zeit. 188 (1985) 559-591\]
        - (Paper 24) H.S.M. Coxeter, *Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes III*, \[Math. Zeit. 200 (1988) 3-45\]
* Norman Johnson *Uniform Polytopes*, Manuscript (1991)
    + N.W. Johnson: *The Theory of Uniform Polytopes and Honeycombs*, Ph.D.
* Klitzing, Richard. "7D uniform polytopes (polyexa)". o3o3o3x3o3o4o - sez, o3o3o3o3x3o4o - bersa, o3o3o3o3o3x4o - rasa

|  | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Family | *A**n* | *B**n* | *I*2(p) / *D**n* | *E*6 / *E*7 / *E*8 / *F*4 / *G*2 | Hn |
| Regular polygon | Triangle | Square | p-gon | Hexagon | Pentagon |
| Uniform polyhedron | Tetrahedron | OctahedronCube | Demicube |  | DodecahedronIcosahedron |
| Uniform polychoron | Pentachoron | 16-cellTesseract | Demitesseract | 24-cell | 120-cell600-cell |
| Uniform 5-polytope | 5-simplex | 5-orthoplex5-cube | 5-demicube |  |  |
| Uniform 6-polytope | 6-simplex | 6-orthoplex6-cube | 6-demicube | 122221 |  |
| Uniform 7-polytope | 7-simplex | 7-orthoplex7-cube | 7-demicube | 132231321 |  |
| Uniform 8-polytope | 8-simplex | 8-orthoplex8-cube | 8-demicube | 142241421 |  |
| Uniform 9-polytope | 9-simplex | 9-orthoplex9-cube | 9-demicube |  |  |
| Uniform 10-polytope | 10-simplex | 10-orthoplex10-cube | 10-demicube |  |  |
| Uniform *n*-polytope | *n*-simplex | *n*-orthoplex*n*-cube | *n*-demicube | 1k22k1k21 | *n*-pentagonal polytope |
| Topics: Polytope familiesRegular polytopeList of regular polytopes and compounds | | | | | | | | | | | | |


title: Rectified 8-simplexes

abstract: In eight-dimensional geometry, a rectified 8-simplex is a convex uniform 8-polytope, being a rectification of the regular 8-simplex. There are unique 3 degrees of rectifications in regular 8-polytopes. Vertices of the rectified 8-simplex are located at the edge-centers of the 8-simplex. Vertices of the birectified 8-simplex are located in the triangular face centers of the 8-simplex. Vertices of the trirectified 8-simplex are located in the tetrahedral cell centers of the 8-simplex.

text:
# Rectified 8-simplexes

|
8-simplex |
Rectified 8-simplex |
| --- | --- |
|
Birectified 8-simplex |
Trirectified 8-simplex |
| Orthogonal projections in A8 Coxeter plane | | | |

In eight-dimensional geometry, a **rectified 8-simplex** is a convex uniform 8-polytope, being a rectification of the regular 8-simplex.

There are unique 3 degrees of rectifications in regular 8-polytopes. Vertices of the rectified 8-simplex are located at the edge-centers of the 8-simplex. Vertices of the birectified 8-simplex are located in the triangular face centers of the 8-simplex. Vertices of the trirectified 8-simplex are located in the tetrahedral cell centers of the 8-simplex.

## Rectified 8-simplex

| Rectified 8-simplex | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | uniform 8-polytope |
| Coxeter symbol | 061 |
| Schläfli symbol | t1{37}
r{37} = {36,1}
or $\left\\{{\begin{array}{l}3,3,3,3,3,3\\3\end{array}\right\\}}$ |
| Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams |
or |
| 7-faces | 18 |
| 6-faces | 108 |
| 5-faces | 336 |
| 4-faces | 630 |
| Cells | 756 |
| Faces | 588 |
| Edges | 252 |
| Vertices | 36 |
| Vertex figure | 7-simplex prism, {}×{3,3,3,3,3} |
| Petrie polygon | enneagon |
| Coxeter group | A8, \[37\], order 362880 |
| Properties | convex |

E. L. Elte identified it in 1912 as a semiregular polytope, labeling it as S1
8. It is also called **06,1** for its branching Coxeter-Dynkin diagram, shown as .

### Coordinates

The Cartesian coordinates of the vertices of the *rectified 8-simplex* can be most simply positioned in 9-space as permutations of (0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1). This construction is based on facets of the rectified 9-orthoplex.

### Images

orthographic projections
| Ak Coxeter plane | A8 | A7 | A6 | A5 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Graph |  |  |  |  |
| Dihedral symmetry | \[9\] | \[8\] | \[7\] | \[6\] |
| Ak Coxeter plane | A4 | A3 | A2 |
| Graph |  |  |  |
| Dihedral symmetry | \[5\] | \[4\] | \[3\] |

## Birectified 8-simplex

| Birectified 8-simplex | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | uniform 8-polytope |
| Coxeter symbol | 052 |
| Schläfli symbol | t2{37}
2r{37} = {35,2} or
$\left\\{{\begin{array}{l}3,3,3,3,3\\3,3\end{array}\right\\}}$ |
| Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams |
or |
| 7-faces | 18 |
| 6-faces | 144 |
| 5-faces | 588 |
| 4-faces | 1386 |
| Cells | 2016 |
| Faces | 1764 |
| Edges | 756 |
| Vertices | 84 |
| Vertex figure | {3}×{3,3,3,3} |
| Coxeter group | A8, \[37\], order 362880 |
| Properties | convex |

E. L. Elte identified it in 1912 as a semiregular polytope, labeling it as S2
8. It is also called **05,2** for its branching Coxeter-Dynkin diagram, shown as .

The *birectified 8-simplex* is the vertex figure of the 152 honeycomb.

### Coordinates

The Cartesian coordinates of the vertices of the *birectified 8-simplex* can be most simply positioned in 9-space as permutations of (0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1). This construction is based on facets of the birectified 9-orthoplex.

### Images

orthographic projections
| Ak Coxeter plane | A8 | A7 | A6 | A5 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Graph |  |  |  |  |
| Dihedral symmetry | \[9\] | \[8\] | \[7\] | \[6\] |
| Ak Coxeter plane | A4 | A3 | A2 |
| Graph |  |  |  |
| Dihedral symmetry | \[5\] | \[4\] | \[3\] |

## Trirectified 8-simplex

| Trirectified 8-simplex | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | uniform 8-polytope |
| Coxeter symbol | 043 |
| Schläfli symbol | t3{37}
3r{37} = {34,3} or
$\left\\{{\begin{array}{l}3,3,3,3\\3,3,3\end{array}\right\\}}$ |
| Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams |
or |
| 7-faces | 9 + 9 |
| 6-faces | 36 + 72 + 36 |
| 5-faces | 84 + 252 + 252 + 84 |
| 4-faces | 126 + 504 + 756 + 504 |
| Cells | 630 + 1260 + 1260 |
| Faces | 1260 + 1680 |
| Edges | 1260 |
| Vertices | 126 |
| Vertex figure | {3,3}×{3,3,3} |
| Petrie polygon | enneagon |
| Coxeter group | A7, \[37\], order 362880 |
| Properties | convex |

E. L. Elte identified it in 1912 as a semiregular polytope, labeling it as S3
8. It is also called **04,3** for its branching Coxeter-Dynkin diagram, shown as .

### Coordinates

The Cartesian coordinates of the vertices of the *trirectified 8-simplex* can be most simply positioned in 9-space as permutations of (0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1). This construction is based on facets of the trirectified 9-orthoplex.

### Images

orthographic projections
| Ak Coxeter plane | A8 | A7 | A6 | A5 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Graph |  |  |  |  |
| Dihedral symmetry | \[9\] | \[8\] | \[7\] | \[6\] |
| Ak Coxeter plane | A4 | A3 | A2 |
| Graph |  |  |  |
| Dihedral symmetry | \[5\] | \[4\] | \[3\] |

This polytope is the vertex figure of the 9-demicube, and the edge figure of the uniform 261 honeycomb.

It is also one of 135 uniform 8-polytopes with A8 symmetry.

| A8 polytopes | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
t0 |
t1 |
t2 |
t3 |
t01 |
t02 |
t12 |
t03 |
t13 |
t23 |
t04 |
t14 |
t24 |
t34 |
t05 |
|
t15 |
t25 |
t06 |
t16 |
t07 |
t012 |
t013 |
t023 |
t123 |
t014 |
t024 |
t124 |
t034 |
t134 |
t234 |
|
t015 |
t025 |
t125 |
t035 |
t135 |
t235 |
t045 |
t145 |
t016 |
t026 |
t126 |
t036 |
t136 |
t046 |
t056 |
|
t017 |
t027 |
t037 |
t0123 |
t0124 |
t0134 |
t0234 |
t1234 |
t0125 |
t0135 |
t0235 |
t1235 |
t0145 |
t0245 |
t1245 |
|
t0345 |
t1345 |
t2345 |
t0126 |
t0136 |
t0236 |
t1236 |
t0146 |
t0246 |
t1246 |
t0346 |
t1346 |
t0156 |
t0256 |
t1256 |
|
t0356 |
t0456 |
t0127 |
t0137 |
t0237 |
t0147 |
t0247 |
t0347 |
t0157 |
t0257 |
t0167 |
t01234 |
t01235 |
t01245 |
t01345 |
|
t02345 |
t12345 |
t01236 |
t01246 |
t01346 |
t02346 |
t12346 |
t01256 |
t01356 |
t02356 |
t12356 |
t01456 |
t02456 |
t03456 |
t01237 |
|
t01247 |
t01347 |
t02347 |
t01257 |
t01357 |
t02357 |
t01457 |
t01267 |
t01367 |
t012345 |
t012346 |
t012356 |
t012456 |
t013456 |
t023456 |
|
t123456 |
t012347 |
t012357 |
t012457 |
t013457 |
t023457 |
t012367 |
t012467 |
t013467 |
t012567 |
t0123456 |
t0123457 |
t0123467 |
t0123567 |
t01234567 |

* H.S.M. Coxeter:
    + H.S.M. Coxeter, *Regular Polytopes*, 3rd Edition, Dover New York, 1973
    + **Kaleidoscopes: Selected Writings of H.S.M. Coxeter**, edited by F. Arthur Sherk, Peter McMullen, Anthony C. Thompson, Asia Ivic Weiss, Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1995, ISBN 978-0-471-01003-6
        - (Paper 22) H.S.M. Coxeter, *Regular and Semi Regular Polytopes I*, \[Math. Zeit. 46 (1940) 380-407, MR 2,10\]
        - (Paper 23) H.S.M. Coxeter, *Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes II*, \[Math. Zeit. 188 (1985) 559-591\]
        - (Paper 24) H.S.M. Coxeter, *Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes III*, \[Math. Zeit. 200 (1988) 3-45\]
* Norman Johnson *Uniform Polytopes*, Manuscript (1991)
    + N.W. Johnson: *The Theory of Uniform Polytopes and Honeycombs*, Ph.D.
* Klitzing, Richard. "8D Uniform polytopes (polyzetta)". o3x3o3o3o3o3o3o - rene, o3o3x3o3o3o3o3o - brene, o3o3o3x3o3o3o3o - trene

|  | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Family | *A**n* | *B**n* | *I*2(p) / *D**n* | *E*6 / *E*7 / *E*8 / *F*4 / *G*2 | Hn |
| Regular polygon | Triangle | Square | p-gon | Hexagon | Pentagon |
| Uniform polyhedron | Tetrahedron | OctahedronCube | Demicube |  | DodecahedronIcosahedron |
| Uniform polychoron | Pentachoron | 16-cellTesseract | Demitesseract | 24-cell | 120-cell600-cell |
| Uniform 5-polytope | 5-simplex | 5-orthoplex5-cube | 5-demicube |  |  |
| Uniform 6-polytope | 6-simplex | 6-orthoplex6-cube | 6-demicube | 122221 |  |
| Uniform 7-polytope | 7-simplex | 7-orthoplex7-cube | 7-demicube | 132231321 |  |
| Uniform 8-polytope | 8-simplex | 8-orthoplex8-cube | 8-demicube | 142241421 |  |
| Uniform 9-polytope | 9-simplex | 9-orthoplex9-cube | 9-demicube |  |  |
| Uniform 10-polytope | 10-simplex | 10-orthoplex10-cube | 10-demicube |  |  |
| Uniform *n*-polytope | *n*-simplex | *n*-orthoplex*n*-cube | *n*-demicube | 1k22k1k21 | *n*-pentagonal polytope |
| Topics: Polytope familiesRegular polytopeList of regular polytopes and compounds | | | | | | | | | | | | |


title: Rector High School

abstract: Rector High School is a public high school in Rector, Arkansas, United States. It is one of three public high schools located in Clay County and serves the communities of Rector, Piggott, Greenway, Lafe, and Corning. It is the sole high school of the Rector School District.

text:
# Rector High School

**Rector High School** is a public high school in Rector, Arkansas, United States. It is one of three public high schools located in Clay County and serves the communities of Rector, Piggott, Greenway, Lafe, and Corning. It is the sole high school of the Rector School District.

## Academics

The school is accredited by the Arkansas Department of Education (ADE) and has been accredited by AdvancED since 1958. The assumed course of study follows the Smart Core curriculum developed the Arkansas Department of Education (ADE), which requires students to complete at least 24 credit units before graduation. Students engage in regular (core) and career focus courses and exams and may select Advanced Placement (AP) coursework and exams that may lead to college credit.

## Athletics

The Rector High School mascot and athletic emblem is the *Cougar* with the school colors of blue and gray.

The Rector Cougars participate in various interscholastic activities in the 2A Classification within the 2A Region 3 Conference as administered by the Arkansas Activities Association. The Cougars school athletic activities include **football**, **marching band**, **golf** (boys/girls), **basketball** (boys/girls), **baseball**, **softball**, and **competitive cheer.**

**Baseball:** Class A State Champions in 1992 and state runners-up in 1979 and 2001.

**Basketball:** State runners-up in 1959 and 1965. They were also state semifinalists in 1964, 1966, 1977, and 2012.

**Marching band:** Class A State Champions in 2017.

## Notable alumni

* Dale Alford (1932)—Ophthalmologist and politician; U.S. House of Representatives (1959–1963).

## InfoBox

| Rector High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 604 west 5th street
Rector, Arkansas 72454
United States | |
| Coordinates | 36°15′51″N 90°17′26″W / 36.26417°N 90.29056°W / 36.26417; -90.29056 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public high school |
| School district | Rector School District |
| CEEB code | 042145 |
| NCES School ID | 050437001274 |
| Principal | Nate Henderson |
| Teaching staff | 22.90 (on an FTE basis) |
| Grades | 7–12 |
| Enrollment | 268 (2016-2017) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 11.70 |
| Campus type | Rural |
| Color(s) | Blue and gray
 |
| Athletics conference | 2A Region 3 |
| Mascot | Cougar |
| Team name | Rector Cougars |
| Accreditation | AdvancED |
| Affiliation | Arkansas Activities Association |
| Website | www.rector.k12.ar.us/28191\_1 |


title: Rector (politics)

abstract: Rectors and rectorates in politics and administration included:

text:
# Rector (politics)

**Rectors and rectorates** in politics and administration included:

## Roman

***Rector provinciae*** was a Latin generic term for Roman governor, the governor of a Roman province, known after the time of Suetonius, and specifically a legal term (as used in the Codices of the Emperors Theodosius I and Justinian I) after Emperor Diocletian's Tetrarchy (when they came under the administrative authority of the Vicarius of a diocese and these under a Pretorian prefect), regardless of what their specific titles (of different rank, such as Consularis, Corrector provinciae, Praeses and Proconsul) may have been.

## Ragusa

A similar gubernatorial use or as Chief magistrate existed in the Republic of Ragusa (presently Dubrovnik, Croatia), which was governed by a Rector (also used in the Italian form *Rettore* and the Slavonic equivalent Knez):

* 1358–1808, during the independence of the Ragusan Republic and two years after it was occupied by Napoleonic France in 1806.
* one more Rector, from 18–29 January 1814, was Count Sabo Đurđević (Savino de Giorgi), the last previous incumbent, during the short-lived liberation of the Republic, before the occupation by Austrian troops.

The seat of the rector was the Rector's Palace, Dubrovnik.

## Fiume

***Primo Rettore***, from 8 September 1920 to 29 December 1920, was the title of Gabriele D'Annunzio when he created the Italian Regency of Carnaro

## Other

* For the use of the style *duke and rector of Burgundy* by the Zähringer dynasty claimants to viceregal powers as Regent in the Kingdom of Burgundy *within* the Holy Roman Empire, see King of Burgundy#Rectorate of Burgundy
* Contemporary charters in Latin used a number of additional styles for the Danish king Cnut (Canute the Great, with Norway as his third realm; 23 April 1016 - 12 November 1035 in Britain) having *rex Anglorum* in the core plus various other titles, including *rex Anglorum totiusque Brittannice orbis gubernator et rector* i.e., 'king of the Angli and of all Britain governor and rector' (the last two in the generic sense 'ruler')
* In an early 12th-century oath to Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, this ruler is referred to as *rector catalanicus* (as well as *catalanicus heroes* and *dux catalanensis*).
* The Comtat Venaissin in southern France was administered by a rector since it became a papal possession until 1790 (on 24 May its States-General (representative assembly) proclaimed a constitution, but remained loyal to the pope).

* Harris, Robin: *Dubrovnik: A History*, London, 2003.
* Powell, J. G. F. (1994) "The *rector rei publicae* of Cicero's *De Republica*". *Scripta Classica Israelica* **13**: 19—29.


title: Rebecca Gargano

abstract: Rebecca Gargano is an Italian fencer who won one gold medal at the 2019 Summer Universiade. She also won a silver at the 2015 European Games. She won one of the bronze medals in the women's individual sabre event at the 2022 Mediterranean Games held in Oran, Algeria.

text:
# Rebecca Gargano

**Rebecca Gargano** (born 16 December 1994 in Marino, Lazio) is an Italian fencer who won one gold medal at the 2019 Summer Universiade. She also won a silver at the 2015 European Games. She won one of the bronze medals in the women's individual sabre event at the 2022 Mediterranean Games held in Oran, Algeria.

## InfoBox

Rebecca Gargano
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1994-12-16) 16 December 1994<br>Marino, Lazio, Italy |
| Sport | |
| Country | Italy |
| Sport | Fencing |
| Medal record      European Games  2015 Baku Sabre team  Mediterranean Games  2022 Oran Individual  Universiade  2019 Naples Sabre team | |


title: Reference software

abstract: Reference software is software which emulates and expands upon print reference forms including the dictionary, translation dictionary, encyclopaedia, thesaurus, and atlas. Like print references, reference software can either be general or specific to a domain, and often includes maps and illustrations, as well as bibliography and statistics. Reference software may include multimedia content including animations, audio, and video, which further illustrate a concept. Well designed reference software improves upon the navigability of print references, through the use of search functionality and hyperlinks.

text:
# Reference software

**Reference software** is software which emulates and expands upon print reference forms including the dictionary, translation dictionary, encyclopaedia, thesaurus, and atlas. Like print references, reference software can either be general or specific to a domain, and often includes maps and illustrations, as well as bibliography and statistics. Reference software may include multimedia content including animations, audio, and video, which further illustrate a concept. Well designed reference software improves upon the navigability of print references, through the use of search functionality and hyperlinks.

## Origins and development

Many dictionaries and encyclopedias rushed into CD-ROM editions soon after the widespread introduction of the CD-ROM to home computers. A second major development occurred as the internet also became widely available in homes, with reference works becoming available online as well. The conversion of previously print-only reference materials to electronic format marked a major change to the marketing and accessibility of such works. A striking case study is that of the venerable Encyclopædia Britannica, which was previously only available at prices of USD 1500 and higher, restricting it to the better libraries and the wealthy. Today, the Encyclopædia Britannica and World Book Encyclopedia retail in electronic format for around 50 USD, with cheaper OEM versions sometimes bundled with new computers. Such dramatic changes brought conventionally restricted knowledge repositories to the fingertips of an almost universal audience in a period of less than 11 years.

The opportunities brought by new media enticed new competitors into the reference software market. One of the earliest and most well-known was Microsoft Encarta, first introduced on CD-ROM and then also moving online along with other major reference works. In the dictionaries market, one of the more prolific brands was Merriam-Webster, which released CD-ROM and then online versions of English dictionaries, thesauri and foreign language dictionaries.

Since 2010, reference materials have begun to appear as apps on Smartphones. In the field of English as a foreign or second language, this is seen as an interesting pedagogical development and is the subject of much discussion , as language learners increasingly abandon print dictionaries for online editions and apps like the one produced by Macmillan Education. A list of online dictionaries is maintained under "dictionaries".

Wikipedia and its spin-offs (such as Wiktionary) marked a new departure in educational reference software. Previous encyclopedias and dictionaries had compiled their contents based on invited and closed teams of specialists. The Wiki concept allowed anyone and everyone to join in creating and editing an online set of reference works.


title: Reginald Bray

abstract: Sir Reginald Bray was an English administrator and statesman. He was the Chancellor of the Duchy and County Palatine of Lancaster under Henry VII, briefly Treasurer of the Exchequer, and one of the most influential men in Henry VII's government and administration. He was an estate officer and senior councillor to both Henry VII and the king's mother, Margaret Beaufort. He was a major benefactor to St George's Chapel, Windsor, where some of the building work for which he provided funds can still be seen and identified.

text:
# Reginald Bray

**Sir Reginald Bray** KG KB (c.1440 – 5 August 1503) was an English administrator and statesman. He was the Chancellor of the Duchy and County Palatine of Lancaster under Henry VII, briefly Treasurer of the Exchequer, and one of the most influential men in Henry VII's government and administration. He was an estate officer and senior councillor to both Henry VII and the king's mother, Margaret Beaufort. He was a major benefactor to St George's Chapel, Windsor, where some of the building work for which he provided funds can still be seen and identified.

## Life before 1485

Reginald (Reynold) Bray was born about 1440 in St. John Bedwardine parish, then outside of Worcester, the second son of Richard Bray, a surgeon,. He was the eldest son born of his father's second marriage to Joan Troughton. With his younger brother, John, Bray entered the service of Margaret Beaufort during the period of her first marriage to Sir Henry Stafford, acquitting himself sufficiently well to become the couple's receiver-general by 1465. Margaret sent Bray several times on missions to her son by Edmund Tudor. For example, in 1469 he brought the young Henry Tudor a gift of money from his mother to enable the boy to purchase a bow and arrows.

Bray continued in Margaret Beaufort's service after Stafford's death in 1471, and by 1485 had been her estate officer for more than twenty years, serving both Margaret and her successive husbands, Henry Stafford and Thomas, Lord Stanley.

He had a leading role in the various conspiracies of 1483-1485 whose aim was to place Henry Tudor on the English throne. Bray would continue as Margaret Beaufort's receiver-general until his own death in 1503.

## Career 1485-1503

Bray was quickly established at the administrative and financial heart of the new regime. He enjoyed extraordinary and trusted access to the king whom he had first met as a boy. On 13 September 1485, Bray was appointed as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. He retained the office for life. The office brought immense patronage and responsibilities, both judicial and financial, as well as prestige and profit to its holder. Bray was one of the seven men created a Knight of the Bath at the coronation of Henry VII.

In the autumn and winter of 1485 he was employed doing one of the things he did best, raising money for the king. To this end, he acted jointly with the merchant Avery Cornburgh as under-treasurer of the Exchequer from mid-October 1485; and, on 28 February 1486, he replaced Archbishop Thomas Rotherham as Treasurer, serving until July 1486. He retained some fiscal responsibility until his own death in 1503. He was Treasurer of War for the king's invasion of France in 1492. Peace with France brought him personal profit in the form of a pension from the King of France.

In 1494, he was elected Steward of the University of Oxford, a position which carried judicial responsibilities. He was elevated to be a knight banneret after the battle of Blackheath in 1497. In 1501, he was elected as a Knight of the Garter. He was M.P. for Newcastle-under-Lyme in 1478, and for Hampshire in 1491, 1495, and 1497.

Neither Bray's office of Chancellor of the Duchy, nor the various receiverships, stewardships, custodianship of castles, and the like, to which he was appointed by the king, fully explain his influence. He was above all the king's councillor, one of many, but one of the most important. Under the king, from c.1499 he led the development of the Council Learned, which met in the Duchy chamber at Westminster. His methods prefigured those of the notorious Empson and Dudley, although his authority and responsibilities were greater than both. As such, modern historiography casts him as one of Henry VII's 'new men'. The nineteenth century compared him to a Prime Minister. He was a known source of patronage and of intercession with the king. This spilled over into personal profit, whether such minor gifts as food and drink, or larger rewards of money and appointments to estate office and trusteeship by those seeking his favour.

The nineteenth century classed Bray as an architect. It would be more accurate to call him a prodigious builder, both on his own behalf, and by funding and assisting friends and projects in which he took an interest. He built, for example, at his houses of Edgcote, which Henry VII briefly visited in 1498, and at Eaton, now known as Eaton Bray, in Bedfordshire. His presence among the donor portraits in the great 'Magnificat' window at Great Malvern Priory suggests that he part funded the costs. He contributed to Jesus College in Cambridge and lent his assistance to Bishop Oliver King for building works at Bath Abbey. In January 1503 he helped to lay the foundation stone of the king's new chapel in Westminster Abbey. The major beneficiary, however, was St George's Chapel, Windsor, both during Bray's life, and under the terms of his will.

## Personal life

Bray married, about 1475, Katherine Hussey (d.1506), the younger of the two daughters and coheirs of Nicholas Hussey of Calais, by whom he had no issue. Katherine brought him lands in Harting, Sussex, and claims to lands in Berkshire and Hampshire. The bulk of Bray's large estates, however, were acquired after 1485, some gained by exploiting his position and privilege.

Bray died without issue on 5 August 1503, and was buried in St George's Chapel, Windsor. Bray had a brother of the whole blood, John Bray, and an elder half brother, also named John Bray. After litigation, Reginald Bray's estates were divided between his nephew, Edmund Bray, eldest son of his brother of the whole blood, John Bray, and William Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys, who had married Margery Bray, the daughter of Bray's elder brother of the half blood, John Bray.

## After-Life

No tomb is extant for Bray, although a coffin said to be his was found in 1740. The extent of his financial contribution to the building works for the completion of the chapel first begun at Windsor by King Edward IV is, however, marked by repeated stone bosses and other decoration in stone, metal, and other materials. They display his coat of arms or his initials within the garter, and above all, his rebus of the hemp-brake or hemp-bray. The hemp-bray was a fairly crude implement used to separate the fibres of hemp from the tough outer coating of the dried stems of the plant, and was an effective pun on Bray's name. By one count, one hundred and seventy five examples are found in the Chapel. A further ten such images, carved in wood, have recently been added by way of embellishments to the new furniture created by Treske of Thirsk for the Bray Chapel. In the twenty-first century Bray was again remembered and memorialised for his benefaction. As part of a fundraising effort for major works, the dean and canons established a 'Bray Fellowship' with HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, as honorary senior fellow, recognising the contributions of ten major donors to the works. A Canadian Bray fellowship was also established, with similar aims. In 2017 the Royal Mail issued a commemorative set of postage stamps celebrating Windsor Castle and St George's Chapel in which one of the quartet of stamps showing the Chapel was an illustration of a stone roof boss carved with Bray's initials set within the garter.

## InfoBox

| Sir Reginald BrayKG KB | |
| --- | --- |
| Sir Reginald Bray, Privy Councillor to Hen. VII. in the north window of Jesus College, Priory Church, Great Malvern. | |
|  | |
| Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster | |
| **In office**
13 September 1486  5 August 1503 | |
| Monarch | Henry VII |
| Preceded by | Thomas Metcalfe |
| Succeeded by | John Mordaunt |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | c.1440
St. John Bedwardine, Worcestershire |
| Died | 5 August 1503
City of London |
| Nationality | English |
| Spouse | Katherine Hussey |
|  | |


title: Regney

abstract: Regney is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

text:
# Regney

**Regney** (French pronunciation: \[ʁəɲɛ\] ) is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

## InfoBox

| Regney | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall and school in Regney | |
| Location of Regney | |
| RegneyRegney | |
| Coordinates: 48°17′26″N 6°18′20″E / 48.2906°N 6.3056°E / 48.2906; 6.3056 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Grand Est |
| Department | Vosges |
| Arrondissement | Épinal |
| Canton | Charmes |
| Intercommunality | CC Mirecourt Dompaire |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Joël Pinos |
| Area**1** | 3.9 km2 (1.5 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 100 |
| Density | 26/km2 (66/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 88378 /88450 |
| Elevation | 314–440 m (1,030–1,444 ft)
(avg. 340 m or 1,120 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Reha Kutlu

abstract: Reha Hutin is a Turkish-French producer and journalist. She is president of the 30 Million Friends Foundation, and head of the editorial board of 30 millions d'amis magazine.

text:
# Reha Kutlu

**Reha Hutin** (April 10, 1945; also known as **Reha Hutin-Kutlu**) is a Turkish-French producer and journalist. She is president of the 30 Million Friends Foundation, and head of the editorial board of *30 millions d'amis* magazine.

## Life

She studied at Chatelard School, and the University of Geneva. From 1977 to 1989, she wrote for the television program "L'Avenir du futur", a science program, broadcast on TF1, with her husband Jean-Pierre Hutin.

In March 1978, they launched the magazine "30 Millions Amis".

1. d'Amis, Fondation 30 Millions. "La Présidente de la Fondation 30 Millions d'Amis met en ligne des pétitions pour le bien-être animal sur le site de l'Assemblée nationale". *www.30millionsdamis.fr* (in French). Retrieved 2021-04-30.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
2. Média, Prisma. "Reha Hutin - La biographie de Reha Hutin avec Voici.fr". *Voici.fr* (in French). Retrieved 2021-04-30.
3. "Reha Kutlu-Hutin". *Le Figaro.fr* (in French). Retrieved 2021-04-30.
4. "Dans la jungle des pétitions en ligne, la défense de la cause animale se taille la part du lion". *Le Monde.fr* (in French). 2021-02-27. Retrieved 2021-04-30.
5. "Reha Hutin". *Premiere.fr* (in French). Retrieved 2021-04-30.
6. d'Amis, Fondation 30 Millions. "La Fondation". *www.30millionsdamis.fr* (in French). Retrieved 2021-04-30.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)


title: Rehaan Edavalath

abstract: Rehaan Mahamood Edavalath is an English cricketer, who is a right handed batter and right-arm off break bowler; and plays for Worcestershire.

text:
# Rehaan Edavalath

**Rehaan Mahamood Edavalath** (born 4 March 2004) is an English cricketer, who is a right handed batter and right-arm off break bowler; and plays for Worcestershire.

## Early life

Born in Staffordshire, he featured for Herefordshire in Minor Counties. He completed his schooling at Newcastle-under-Lyme School at Staffordshire. And he completed his college at Malvern College at Worcestershire. In July 2022, he joined the Worcestershire 2nd XI team and signed a rookie contract. In 2022 he was spent some times in Indian cricket academies (CSK Academy in Chennai and Karnataka Institute of Cricket in Bangalore) for improve and develop his game.

## Career

He signed a professional contract with Worcestershire CCC in September 2023. He made his first-class debut against Derbyshire in the 2023 County Championship on 25 June 2023. He made his List A debut against Middlesex in One-Day Cup debut on 24 July 2024.

## InfoBox

Rehaan Edavalath
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Rehaan Mahamood Edavalath |
| Born | (2004-03-04) March 4, 2004<br>Wolverhampton, Staffordshire, England |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm off break |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 2024–present | Worcestershire *(squad no. 11)* |
|  | |
| FC debut | 25 June 2023 Worcestershire v Derbyshire |
| List A debut | 24 July 2024 Worcestershire v Middlesex |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition FC List A  Matches 1 7  Runs scored 15 22  Batting average 7.50 5.50  100s/50s 0/0 0/0  Top score 15 15  Catches/stumpings 0/– 1/– | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 26 September 2024 | |


abstract: Risk: The World Conquest Game is a computer wargame developed by Virgin Mastertronic in 1989 for MS-DOS. It is based on the board game Risk.

text:
# The Computer Edition of Risk: The World Conquest Game

***Risk: The World Conquest Game*** is a computer wargame developed by Virgin Mastertronic in 1989 for MS-DOS. It is based on the board game *Risk*.

## Gameplay

The player can play against up to five computer opponents. The player can select to play using either the British or American version of *Risk*, with either version of the extra armies cards.

## Reception

*Computer Gaming World* stated that while the computer version offered the convenience of an automated opponent for solitary players, the board game would likely be more fun for most because they would not have to crowd around the computer, which could not easily display the entire world at once.

M. Evan Brooks reviewed the computer editions of *Risk*, *Monopoly*, *Scrabble*, and *Clue* for *Computer Gaming World*, and stated that "In this reviewer's opinion, *Scrabble* is the weakest product (given cumbersome play and graphics), while *Risk* and *Clue: Master Detective* are the strongest."

The game was reviewed in 1990 in *Dragon* #156 by Hartley, Patricia, and Kirk Lesser in "The Role of Computers" column. The reviewers gave the game 5 out of 5 stars.

## Reviews

## InfoBox

| Risk: The World Conquest Game | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Publisher(s) | Virgin Mastertronic |
| Platform(s) | Amiga, Apple II, Atari ST, Commodore 64, MS-DOS, Mac |
| Release | 1989 |
| Genre(s) | Board, wargame |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Thomas Reynolds (governor)

abstract: Thomas Reynolds was the chief justice of the Illinois Supreme Court as well as the seventh Governor of Missouri. A Democrat, he is notable for being one of the few American politicians to die by suicide while in office.

text:
# Thomas Reynolds (governor)

**Thomas Reynolds** (March 12, 1796 – February 9, 1844) was the chief justice of the Illinois Supreme Court as well as the seventh Governor of Missouri. A Democrat, he is notable for being one of the few American politicians to die by suicide while in office.

## Early life

Thomas Reynolds was born in Bracken County, Kentucky to Nathaniel and Catherine (née Vernon) Reynolds. He received his basic education and education in Law while in Kentucky and was admitted to the state Bar in 1817.

Reynolds moved with his family to Illinois in his early twenties, settling in the Springfield area. Despite the same last name, and similar political career paths in Illinois, contrary to other sources John Reynolds is not the brother of Thomas Reynolds. Reynolds married Eliza Ann Young on September 20, 1823, and the couple had one child, a son, Ambrose Dudley Reynolds, born in 1824.

## Career

Reynolds served as Clerk for the Illinois House of Representatives from 1818 until his appointment to the Illinois Supreme Court on August 31, 1822. He remained on the high court until January 19, 1825, and served as the court's chief justice during his entire tenure. He served one term in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1826 to 1828. Failing to be reelected, Reynolds and his family moved to Missouri, settling in the Howard County town of Fayette. Thomas Reynolds established a legal practice in Fayette, and for a time also served as editor of the *Boonslick Democrat* newspaper. Elected to represent Howard County in the Missouri Legislature in 1832, he was quickly named Speaker of the House. In January 1837 Missouri governor Lilburn Boggs nominated Reynolds to be the circuit judge for the 2nd judicial district, a position he held until being elected Missouri's seventh governor in 1840.

### As Governor

After soundly defeating John B. Clark in the 1840 gubernatorial election, Thomas Reynolds presided over a time of great expansion and growth in Missouri. The Oregon Trail, with its kick-off point in western Missouri, was booming and the economy was beginning to recover in the state and nation from the Panic of 1837. A Jacksonian Democrat and follower of Missouri Senator Thomas Hart Benton, Reynolds generally adhered to their limited-government, hard currency viewpoints. Regarding the issue of slavery Reynolds believed in each state government's right to decide the issue for itself and that abolitionists or others helping enslaved Americans escape should face life imprisonment. Under his leadership fifteen new counties were formed in Missouri. One issue that Reynolds championed perhaps the hardest was for the elimination of debtor's prisons, which the Missouri General Assembly did in February 1843. While he was governor Reynolds worked to improve voting requirements and access. A milestone in education occurred when the first class was enrolled at the University of Missouri.

## Death

Despite all his success Thomas Reynolds was not a well man, either physically or mentally. For several months prior to his death Reynolds was reported in ill health and suffering from melancholia. Political opponents in Missouri's Whig party, and certain newspapers under their influence, were particularly harsh in their criticism of Reynolds, his actions and positions as governor. During breakfast on the morning of February 9, 1844 Reynolds asked a blessing, which was not usual for him. Following the meal he locked himself in his Executive Mansion office and drew the shutters closed. Some time later a passer-by heard a shot and upon investigation Reynolds was found dead at his desk with an apparently self-inflicted gunshot wound. On the governor's writing table was a sealed message addressed to his friend, Colonel William G. Minor in which he said "I have labored and discharged my duties faithfully to the public, but this has not protected me from the slanders and abuse which has rendered my life a burden to me…I pray to God to forgive them and teach them more charity."

A large crowd of mourners attended Governor Reynolds's funeral and burial at Woodlawn Cemetery in Jefferson City, Missouri. Two years later a large granite shaft was erected at his gravesite. Reynolds County, Missouri was also named in his honor. Reynolds's successor, Meredith M. Marmaduke, urged the creation of a system and building for the care of the mentally ill in his 1844 message to the legislature. This helped lead to the opening of Fulton State Hospital in Fulton, Missouri in 1851.

Joseph Smith, the founder of the Mormon religion, had been in conflict with Reynolds. In a March 10, 1844 sermon, Smith taught that God had promised to give him anything he asked. He stated that he prayed to God to "deliver me out of the hands of the Governor of Missouri and if it must needs be to accomplish it to take him away\[.\] \[T\]he next news that came pouring down...was Governor Reynolds had shot himself,"

## InfoBox

| Thomas Reynolds | |
| --- | --- |
| Thomas Reynolds as he appeared while Chief Justice of the Illinois Supreme Court. | |
|  | |
| 7th Governor of Missouri | |
| **In office**
November 16, 1840  February 9, 1844 | |
| Lieutenant | Meredith M. Marmaduke |
| Preceded by | Lilburn Boggs |
| Succeeded by | Meredith M. Marmaduke |
| Member of the Illinois House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
1826–1828 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1796-03-12)March 12, 1796
Bracken County, Kentucky |
| Died | February 9, 1844(1844-02-09) (aged 47)
Jefferson City, Missouri |
| Resting place | Woodlawn Cemetery, Jefferson City Missouri |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Eliza Ann Young |
| Children | One son; Ambrose Dudley Reynolds (b. 1824) |
| Profession | Attorney |
|  | |


title: Rachel Allen: Bake!

abstract: Rachel Allen: Bake! is an Irish cookery television show presented by Rachel Allen and broadcast on RTÉ One each Wednesday at 7:30pm. The first episode aired on 15 October 2008. Each episode was made available to watch online for 21 days after original transmission. In the United Kingdom, the show airs from time to time on the Good Food channel, it has also become part of the Saturday morning schedule on BBC One. In the United States, it airs on Cooking Channel.

text:
# Rachel Allen: Bake!

***Rachel Allen: Bake!*** is an Irish cookery television show presented by Rachel Allen and broadcast on RTÉ One each Wednesday at 7:30pm. The first episode aired on 15 October 2008. Each episode was made available to watch online for 21 days after original transmission.

In the United Kingdom, the show airs from time to time on the Good Food channel, it has also become part of the Saturday morning schedule on BBC One. In the United States, it airs on Cooking Channel.

## Episodes

| Date | Title | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 15 October 2008 | White Chocolate Blondies/Lemon Tarts |  |
| 22 October 2008 | Walnut Cake/Cookies |  |
| 29 October 2008 | Carrot Cake/White Yeast Bread |  |
| 5 November 2008 | Quiche Lorraine/Pink Meringues |  |
| 12 November 2008 | Tart Tatin/Chocolate Cake |  |
| 19 November 2008 | Macaroons, Pastries And Soda Bread |  |
| 26 November 2008 | Mini Pissaladiere/Dutch Apple Cake |  |
| 3 December 2008 | Iced Orange Cake/Goat Cheese Tart |  |
| 10 December 2008 | Baklava Swiss Rolls |  |
| 7 January 2009 | Lime Yogurt Cake And Sticky Toffee Pudding |  |
| 14 January 2009 | Poppy Seed Cake/Bagels |  |
| 21 January 2009 | Marble Cake/Lemon Cupcakes |  |
| 28 January 2009 | Beef Pasties/Brown Sugar Custards |  |
| 4 February 2009 | Meringue Roulade/Sweet Scones |  |
| 11 February 2009 | Baked Cheesecake/Éclairs |  |
| 15 December 2008 | Christmas Bake Part 1 |  |
| 21 December 2008 | Christmas Bake Part 2 |  |
|

## Recipes

## InfoBox

| *Rachel Allen: Bake!* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Cookery |
| Presented by | Rachel Allen |
| Starring | Rachel Allen |
| Country of origin | Ireland |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 17 (including 2 specials) |
| Production | |
| Production location | Ireland/United Kingdom |
| Running time | 30 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | RTÉ One |
| Release | 15 October 2008 (2008-10-15) <br>11 February 2009 (2009-02-11) |
| Related | |
|  | |


title: Resistance (creativity)

abstract: Resistance is a concept created by American novelist Steven Pressfield that illustrates the universal force that he claims acts against human creativity. It was first described in his non-fiction book The War of Art and elaborated in the follow-up books Do The Work and Turning Pro, and in other essays. It is also a recurring theme in some of his fiction novels such as The Legend of Bagger Vance and The Virtues of War. Resistance is described in a mythical fashion as a universal force that has one sole mission: to keep things as they are. Pressfield claims that Resistance does not have a personal vendetta against anyone, rather it is simply trying to accomplish its only mission. It is the force that will stop an individual's creative activity through any means necessary, whether it be rationalizing, inspiring fear and anxiety, emphasizing other distractions that require attention, raising the voice of an inner critic, and much more. It will use any tool to stop creation flowing from an individual, no matter what field the creation is in. Pressfield goes on to claim that Resistance is the most dangerous element to one's life and dreams since its sole mission is to sabotage aspirations. He explains steps that human beings can take to overcome this force and keep it subdued so that they can create to their fullest potential, although Resistance is never fully gone. Pressfield's concept of Resistance has been cited by authors such as Seth Godin, David M. Kelley and Tom Kelley, Eric Liu and the Lincoln Center Institute, Robert Kiyosaki and Sharon Lechter, and Gina Trapani.

text:
# Resistance (creativity)

**Resistance** is a concept created by American novelist Steven Pressfield that illustrates the universal force that he claims acts against human creativity. It was first described in his non-fiction book *The War of Art* and elaborated in the follow-up books *Do The Work* and *Turning Pro*, and in other essays. It is also a recurring theme in some of his fiction novels such as *The Legend of Bagger Vance* and *The Virtues of War*.

Resistance is described in a mythical fashion as a universal force that has one sole mission: to keep things as they are. Pressfield claims that Resistance does not have a personal vendetta against anyone, rather it is simply trying to accomplish its only mission. It is the force that will stop an individual's creative activity through any means necessary, whether it be rationalizing, inspiring fear and anxiety, emphasizing other distractions that require attention, raising the voice of an inner critic, and much more. It will use any tool to stop creation flowing from an individual, no matter what field the creation is in.

Pressfield goes on to claim that Resistance is the most dangerous element to one's life and dreams since its sole mission is to sabotage aspirations. He explains steps that human beings can take to overcome this force and keep it subdued so that they can create to their fullest potential, although Resistance is never fully gone.

Pressfield's concept of Resistance has been cited by authors such as Seth Godin, David M. Kelley and Tom Kelley, Eric Liu and the Lincoln Center Institute, Robert Kiyosaki and Sharon Lechter, and Gina Trapani.

## Criticism

Psychologist Frederick Heide has cited Pressfield's book *The War of Art* and questioned whether "fighting" Resistance is always a helpful metaphor; Heide suggested that such agonistic metaphors could end up "ironically perpetuating the resistance it predicts." Nevertheless, Heide noted, such an agonistic approach to resistance remains widespread in psychotherapeutic thinking. Heide cites a scholarly article that points to some alternative nonagonistic strategies for working with resistance in relational psychoanalytic psychotherapy, personal construct therapy, narrative therapy, motivational interviewing, process-experiential therapy, and coherence therapy.


title: Solniki Małe

abstract: Solniki Małe is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bierutów, within Oleśnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 1 kilometre (1 mi) south-west of Bierutów, 13 kilometres (8 mi) south-east of Oleśnica, and 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of the regional capital Wrocław.

text:
# Solniki Małe

**Solniki Małe** \[sɔlˈniki ˈmawɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bierutów, within Oleśnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

It lies approximately 1 kilometre (1 mi) south-west of Bierutów, 13 kilometres (8 mi) south-east of Oleśnica, and 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of the regional capital Wrocław.

## InfoBox

| Solniki Małe | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Solniki Małe | |
| Coordinates: 51°8′N 17°32′E / 51.133°N 17.533°E / 51.133; 17.533 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lower Silesian |
| County | Oleśnica |
| Gmina | Bierutów |


title: Ridgewood Park, Roanoke, Virginia

abstract: Ridgewood Park is a Roanoke, Virginia neighborhood located in far western Roanoke. It borders the neighborhoods of Edgewood-Summit Hills on the north, Cherry Hill on the south and Wilmont on the east. The western border is shared with the city of Salem.

text:
# Ridgewood Park, Roanoke, Virginia

**Ridgewood Park** is a Roanoke, Virginia neighborhood located in far western Roanoke. It borders the neighborhoods of Edgewood-Summit Hills on the north, Cherry Hill on the south and Wilmont on the east. The western border is shared with the city of Salem.

## History

Annexed by the city from Roanoke County in 1949, Ridgewood Park is primarily residential in nature. The area features both traditional and suburban characteristics.


title: Peter und Paul

abstract: Peter und Paul is a short-running German television series released in 1994. The first 10 episodes ran on RTL between 11 April and 20 June 1994, and the last four between 8-29 April 1998. The two protagonists of the series are Peter Elfinger and Paul Schneck, the mayors of Hohenwaldau and Niederwaldau, two neighboring towns in Bavarian Chiemgau. They are also brothers in law, as Schneck is married to Elfinger's sister Elisabeth. Elfinger and Schneck have known each other since childhood and still maintain a friendly rivalry relationship, as they are very fond of each other, but never miss an opportunity to one-up one another with affectionate perfidy and malice, often under the pretext that it is for the good of their respective villages.

text:
# Peter und Paul

***Peter und Paul*** is a short-running (14 episodes) German television series released in 1994. The first 10 episodes ran on RTL between 11 April and 20 June 1994, and the last four between 8-29 April 1998.

The two protagonists of the series are Peter Elfinger (Helmut Fischer) and Paul Schneck (Hans Clarin), the mayors of Hohenwaldau and Niederwaldau, two neighboring towns in Bavarian Chiemgau. They are also brothers in law, as Schneck is married to Elfinger's sister Elisabeth (Ilse Neubauer). Elfinger and Schneck have known each other since childhood and still maintain a friendly rivalry relationship, as they are very fond of each other, but never miss an opportunity to one-up one another with affectionate perfidy and malice, often under the pretext that it is for the good of their respective villages.

## InfoBox

| *Peter und Paul* | |
| --- | --- |
| Starring | Helmut Fischer<br>Hans Clarin |
| Country of origin | Germany |


title: Channel One (band)

abstract: Channel One are an Irish electronic rock band.

text:
# Channel One (band)

**Channel One** are an Irish electronic rock band.

## Formation and history

The band formed in 2002 and launched on the live circuit in 2004.

Channel One followed on from their two previous vinyl-only releases of "Not for the Last Time" and "Accelerate:Brake/Fun Radio" with their debut EP, *Permissions* in February 2007. The self-financed release was written, recorded and produced by the band in the Autumn 2006. It was due to be distributed through Sound Foundation Recordings.

Channel One played support to Hard-Fi at The Olympia on 9 April 2008 as part of the Bud Rising series of concerts in Dublin.

## Discography

| Year | Album | Label |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | *Sound to Light* | SFR |
| 2007 | *Permissions EP* | SFR |
| 2006 | "Accelerate; Brake (single)" | SFR |
| 2006 | *Violation EP* | SFR |


title: Channel O

abstract: Channel O is a South Africa–based music channel that started transmission in 1997. Its main concept is African music in Africa and the diaspora. Channel O can be accessed via DStv, a satellite pay TV service for pan-African households. The channel broadcasts a variety of music videos. The channel was set up to target the 16-24 demographic, with a variety of African tracks played. At the start of its existence, the channel started arranging agreements with terrestrial television channels outside of South Africa. Such agreements included Sanyu Television in Uganda and the Kenya Television Network. The channel was created following a failed attempt by Johnny Clegg to launch an African version of MTV, that was planned between 1994 and 1995. An agreement between M-Net and the SABC prompted SABC 1 to start airing a eight-to-ten hour block of Channel O programming over its terrestrial network from 11 December 1998. With this deal, Channel O's viewership base increased from 35 million to 45 million. In late 1999, some music videos seen on the channel were removed because of incompatibilities with Malawi's cultural code. It also holds the annual Channel O Music Video Awards ceremony, where artists are awarded for their outstanding contribution to music. Channel O, in recent years, has lost a significant amount of popularity mainly due to the launch of rival channels MTV Base Africa, Trace Urban and Trace Africa. The channel has been trying several means to gain popularity including the increasingly popular method of creating a South African feed and a Rest of Africa feed.

text:
# Channel O

**Channel O** is a South Africa–based music channel that started transmission in 1997. Its main concept is African music in Africa and the diaspora.

Channel O can be accessed via DStv, a satellite pay TV service for pan-African households. The channel broadcasts a variety of music videos.

The channel was set up to target the 16-24 demographic, with a variety of African tracks played.

At the start of its existence, the channel started arranging agreements with terrestrial television channels outside of South Africa. Such agreements included Sanyu Television in Uganda (later bought by TVAfrica and subsequently shut down) and the Kenya Television Network. The channel was created following a failed attempt by Johnny Clegg to launch an African version of MTV, that was planned between 1994 and 1995.

An agreement between M-Net and the SABC prompted SABC 1 to start airing a eight-to-ten hour block of Channel O programming over its terrestrial network from 11 December 1998. With this deal, Channel O's viewership base increased from 35 million to 45 million. In late 1999, some music videos seen on the channel were removed because of incompatibilities with Malawi's cultural code.

It also holds the annual Channel O Music Video Awards ceremony, where artists are awarded for their outstanding contribution to music.

Channel O, in recent years, has lost a significant amount of popularity mainly due to the launch of rival channels MTV Base Africa, Trace Urban and Trace Africa. The channel has been trying several means to gain popularity including the increasingly popular method of creating a South African feed and a Rest of Africa feed (MTV Base and Trace have also adopted this).

## Programming

### Playlists

* **Only**

This playlist views music videos dedicated to a specific artist or genre.

* **Facts Only**

Similar to Only, this playlist provides information on the specific artist or genre. This consists of mostly the artist's background information, their real name as opposed to their stage name, where they grew up, when they entered the entertainment industry, etc.

* **Crispy Fresh**

Crispy Fresh plays the latest newly released music videos of the week.

* **O-House**

A playlist exclusively for music videos in the house genre, including club and dance.

* **Zoom In**

Similar to Only, this playlist consists of music dedicated to a specific artist or genre.

* **Uncensored**

A late-night playlist displaying music videos that are uncensored and unedited, showing videos with nudity or sexual activity and strong language.

* **The Hit List**

Plays the freshest tracks from the biggest artists.

* **Best of The Week**

A round-up of music videos that have appeared on Crispy Fresh.

* **Lyrics On The Beat**

Music videos shown with their lyrics.

* **Collabos**

A selection of music video collaborations

### Chart Shows

* **Ten2One**

The top ten music video of a specific genre or region.

* **The Channel O Top 30**

These are the top 30 most popular music videos, voted for by the viewers on Channel O's website.

### Music Shows

* **iRequest: Celebrity Edition**

Interviews with music artists and personalities as they request their favourite music videos.

* **Massive Music**
*

A 30-minute show hosted by Lalla Hirayama and Smash Afrika about the latest music releases, guest interviews, a countdown of the latest releases and live performances. The show airs on Mzansi Magic and Mzansi Wethu before airing on Channel O. However, the channel offers a blitz-speed bulletin titled Massive Music News during the day, providing updates on the latest music news.

* **The Mix Up**

Music videos are mixed, blended, and mashed up by resident DJ Mikey.

* **Remix Studio**
*

Remix Studio takes a peek at the artist and what inspired them to create a smash hit. True to its name, it also provides a platform for the artist to "remix" their own song.

* **Lockdown House Party**

Shimza and PH host live performances and a mix of various music tracks during the COVID-19 pandemic.

### Specials

* The Channel O Music Video Awards were last hosted in 2014. MultiChoice is yet to announce whether it will be hosted again

\** These award shows are shown live on M-Net or One Magic. Channel O acts as a rerun channel for these award shows.

## InfoBox

Channel O
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | South Africa |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | English |
| Picture format | 1080i HDTV
(downscaled to 16:9 576i for the SDTV feed) |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Multichoice Group |
| Sister channels | M-Net
1Max
Africa Magic
kykNET
M-Net Movies
Me
Mzansi Magic
SuperSport
Vuzu
Novela Magic |
| History | |
| Launched | 17 October 1997 (17 October 1997) |
| Links | |
| Website | http://www.channelo.dstv.com |


title: Champlain, Quebec

abstract: Champlain is a municipality in the province of Quebec, Canada. It is located in Les Chenaux Regional County Municipality and the administrative region the Mauricie, on the north shore of St. Lawrence River. Champlain is also part of the metropolitan area of Trois-Rivières. Champlain is a member of the Association of the Most Beautiful Villages of Quebec.

text:
# Champlain, Quebec

**Champlain** is a municipality in the province of Quebec, Canada. It is located in Les Chenaux Regional County Municipality and the administrative region the Mauricie, on the north shore of St. Lawrence River. Champlain is also part of the metropolitan area of Trois-Rivières.

Champlain is a member of the Association of the Most Beautiful Villages of Quebec.

## Origin of the place name

In 1632, Samuel de Champlain, founder of New France, gave his name to the Champlain River. The Commission de toponymie du Québec has noted a "popular version" of the origin of the name, which suggests that Champlain gave the area its name because, "amazed by the beauty of the place, \[he\] exclaimed to himself, 'What a beautiful flat plain', from the Latin *campus planus*, 'flat field'." However, the Commission concludes that it is certain that Champlain named the area after himself, as his contemporary record indicates that he named the river the "Rivière de Champlain".

The deed of the seigniory of Champlain, dated April 8, 1664, does not name the seigniory. The deed only mentions that the granted land extended "from the Champlain River following the said river \[Saint Lawrence\] to the said Trois-Rivières". It appears that it was the first seigneur, Étienne Pézard de la Touche, who gave the name of "Champlain" to the seigniory, then to the parish.

By 1668, the documents relating to the residents of Champlain mention they live in "La Touche-Champlain", or simply "Champlain" from 1669 onwards. In 1684, the area was already well known as Champlain, demonstrated when Bishop Laval, finally giving the official titles of the parish twenty years after its foundation, referred to: "the place commonly called Champlain".

As for the family name of the seigneurs, by 1680 the first seigneur referred to himself as La Touche-Champlain, and Pézard Champlain by 1693. His successor referred to himself as Pézard Latouche-Champlain by 1702.

In 1829 the name was used for the electoral district for the area in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada, and in 1841, the electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada. The name was given to the municipality in 1845, and then to the federal and provincial electoral districts in 1867.

## History

### Beginnings of French settlement

The Champlain municipality lies on the territory of the former seigniories of Marsolet and l'Arbre-à-la-Croix, both granted on April 5, 1644, and the seigniory of Champlain, granted on August 8, 1664.

The first French occupants of Champlain settled in 1664 or 1665. There had been a first attempt to settle on land granted August 16, 1643, but the distance from other settlements and the Iroquois threat discouraged settlement. In 1664 or 1665, the first settlers established settlements in the land of the seigniory of Champlain. The following year, in 1666, concessions were granted in the seigniory of Hertel, and in 1667 in the seigniory of Marsolet. Some of the first families came from Trois-Rivières, such as the families of Antoine Desrosiers, François Chorel and Pierre Dandonneau.

### Chronology

* April 5, 1644: Grants of the Marsolet and Arbre-à-la-Croix seigniories.
* August 8, 1664: Grant of the seigniory of Champlain. This date is considered the founding of the town of Champlain, the eighth oldest town of New France.
* 1664: Construction of Fort Champlain.
* 1830-1850: Emergence of the present village in the centre of the area.
* 1845: Creation of the parish municipality of Champlain effective July 1, pursuant to a new provincial statute, the first formal municipal government for the area.
* 1847: Parish municipality of Champlain is merged with other local municipalities to form the County of Champlain, effective September 1, pursuant to a provincial statute re-organising municipal government.
* 1855: Parish municipality of La Visitation-de-Champlain re-created from the County of Champlain, effective July 1, pursuant to a provincial statute re-organising municipal government.
* 1860: Twenty buildings in the village.
* 1879: Construction of the present church
* 1882: Construction of the present monastery
* 1886: The streets Sainte-Anne and Saint-Joseph are authenticated by the municipal council.
* 1917: The village municipality of Champlain is created by a division of the parish municipality of La Visitation-de-Champlain.
* 1933: 150 buildings in the village.
* 1979 : Celebration of the tricentennial of Champlain. The 300th anniversary was based on an erroneous understanding of the date of the foundation of the village, assumed from the oldest surviving parish records of baptisms, marriages and burials. It was not known that the parish registers from 1665 to 1679 had been lost.
* 1982: Champlain municipalities are included in the Francheville Regional County Municipality.
* 1982: The parish municipality of La Visitation-de-Champlain and the village municipality of Champlain are merged to create the municipality of Champlain.
* 1984: 10: Pope John Paul II passes though Champlain on September 10, travelling by train from Quebec City to Trois-Rivières.
* 1986: On April 7, the municipal council passes a resolution formalizing the term "Champlainois-Champlainoise" to designate inhabitants of Champlain.
* 2002: The regional county municipality of Francheville is dissolved, and the municipality of Champlain is included in the new regional county municipality, Les Chenaux Regional County Municipality.
* 2004: On October 13, the Astronomical Observatory of Champlain discovers an asteroid from the Astronomical Observatory Champlain. It is given the number 157329 and is provisionally named 2004 TM16.
* 2006: On November 24, the Astronomical Observatory discovers a second asteroid, given the number 161815 and the temporary name of 2006 WK30.
* 2014: Celebration of the 350th anniversary of Champlain. This time, the celebration is based on the grant of the seigniory of Champlain in 1664.

## Demographics

Population trend:

* Population in 2011: 1664 (2006 to 2011 population change: 6.3%)
* Population in 2006: 1566
* Population in 2001: 1623
* Population in 1996: 1608
* Population in 1991: 1610

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents: 766 (total dwellings: 861)

Mother tongue:

* English as first language: 0.7%
* French as first language: 97.9%
* English and French as first language: 0.7%
* Other as first language: 0.7%

## Population

Historical population of Champlain, Quebec
| Year | 1681 | 1683 | 1760 | 1765 | 1851 | 1861 | 1871 | 1881 | 1891 | 1901 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Population | 294 | 285 | 216 | 228 | 1923 | 2177 | 1601 | 1668 | 1523 | 1539 |

Historical population of Champlain, Quebec
| Year | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1941 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 2006 | 2011 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Population | 1600 | 1517 | 1493 | 1460 | 1401 | 1516 | 1510 | 1583 | 1664 |

## InfoBox

| Champlain | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| On Chemin du Roy (Quebec) | |
| Motto(s): *Fidèle, Tenace et Fier*
("Faithful, Tough and Proud") | |
| Location within Les Chenaux RCM. | |
| ChamplainLocation in central Quebec. | |
| Coordinates: 46°27′N 72°21′W / 46.450°N 72.350°W / 46.450; -72.350 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Quebec |
| Region | Mauricie |
| RCM | Les Chenaux |
| Constituted | December 11, 1982 |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Raymond Beaudry |
| Federal riding | Saint-Maurice—Champlain |
| Prov. riding | Champlain |
| Area | |
| Total | 78.70 km2 (30.39 sq mi) |
| Land | 58.59 km2 (22.62 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 1,664 |
| Density | 28.4/km2 (74/sq mi) |
| Pop 2006-2011 | 6.3% |
| Dwellings | 861 |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (EST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Postal code(s) | G0X 1C0 |
| Area code | 819 |
| Highways
A-40 |
R-138
R-359 |
| Website | www.municipalite.
champlain.qc.ca |


title: Simonsbath House

abstract: Simonsbath House is a historic house in Simonsbath on Exmoor in Somerset, England. The Grade II listed building is now the Simonsbath House Hotel, and outdoor activity centre. It lies in the valley of the River Barle and on the Two Moors Way footpath.

text:
# Simonsbath House

**Simonsbath House** is a historic house in Simonsbath on Exmoor in Somerset, England. The Grade II listed building is now the Simonsbath House Hotel, and outdoor activity centre. It lies in the valley of the River Barle and on the Two Moors Way footpath.

## History

The house was built in the mid-17th century by the merchant, lawyer and philosopher James Boevey (1622-1696), the warden of the Royal forest of Exmoor, and for 150 years his was the only house in the forest. After the death of Boevey and his wife the house was sold with the Exmoor estate to Robert Siderfin of Luxborough. Siderfin used the grazing rights he gained on the estate but let the house to tenants, one of which was John Dennicombe, who allowed the house to fall into disrepair, and was eventually evicted, but only after he had burnt much of the wood panelling and other fixtures within the house. During the second half of the 18th century and the early part of the 19th century the wardens of the forest were the Acland baronets who leased the house, and it was licensed as an inn.

After the Inclosure Acts the house was bought, with the accompanying farm and about 70,000 acres (280 km2), the remaining portion of the former Royal Forest belonging to the Crown Estate, by John Knight of Worcestershire in 1818 for the sum of £50,000.

Knight set about converting the Royal Forest, now known as Exmoor National Park, into agricultural land. He and especially his son Frederick, who assumed management in 1841, erected most of the large farms in the central section of the moor and built 22 miles (35 km) of metalled access roads to Simonsbath. He built a 29 miles (47 km) wall around his estate, much of which still survives.

Shortly after 1879 Hugh Fortescue, 4th Earl Fortescue (1854–1932) of nearby Castle Hill, Filleigh in Devon, Master of the Devon and Somerset Staghounds 1880/81–87, acquired the reversion of the whole of the former Royal Forest of Exmoor after the death of Frederick Winn Knight. This was largely done to further his passion for staghunting. When Castle Hill was largely destroyed by a fire in 1934, the Fortescue family moved to Simonsbath House whilst rebuilding was in progress. The 4th Earl's granddaughter and eventual heiress, Lady Margaret Fortescue (1923-2013), devoted much time to attempting to put the Exmoor estate onto a profitable footing.

The house was altered by the Fortescues, including the building of one of the first Squash Courts in England in 1929. A 16th century heraldic chimney piece was brought by the Fortescues from their secondary seat at Weare Giffard Hall in Devon, and survives in today's hotel. During World War II the house was used as a school, and afterwards was as a hotel under the name "Diana Lodge Hotel" (in reference to the Roman goddess of hunting), which had several owners during the ensuing decades. In 1969 the name reverted to Simonsbath House.

## Architecture

The house, which consists of several bays, has white painted walls and slate roofs. Outside are several agricultural buildings which have been adapted to provide accommodation.

The interior includes a fireplace with a chamfered lintel which dates from 1654, panelling and a 17th-century overmantel with a painted coat of arms which was brought from Weare Giffard Hall, near Bideford, a secondary seat of the Earls Fortescue.

## Heraldic overmantel

Above the fireplace in the lounge of Simonsbath House is a late 16th-century heraldic overmantel relating to the Fortescue family and brought by them from Weare Giffard Hall, Devon. A framed handwritten explanatory note written c. 1900 by a member of the Fortescue family identifies the arms as follows, Shields from left to right:

* First shield: lower half, quarters from left to right: Bottreaux of Molland; Wise or Wyse of Ford, Devon; Sapcote or possibly Castelline of Dorset; Seamask rather than Punchardon or Bodenham of Bodenham Cottrell (written above this first shield is "Some of the coats in this shield appear also in 30 on the west wall of Wear Giffard Hall");
* Second shield from left: quarters: 1&4, Pollard of King's Nympton; 2&3, Pollard of Way or Horwood or Westcote.
* Third shield from left: the arms of Richard Fortescue(d.1570) of Filleigh, impaling the arms of his wife Joan Moreton: *baron, Fortescue; femme, quarters 1&4, Morton of Kent, 2&3, Hagget of Kent.*(These arms can be seen on monumental brasses of 1571 in Filleigh Church.)
* Fourth shield from left: the arms of Sir John Chichester (d.1569) of Raleigh (quarterly 1st: Chichester, 2nd: Raleigh, 3rd: 1st & 4th, Beaumont of Youlston, 2nd & 3rd Willington of Umberleigh, 4th: Wise of Sidenham ?) impaling the arms of his wife Gertrude Courtenay (d.1566) (*quarterly 1st & 4th: Redvers, 2nd & 3rd: Courtenay*). These arms are visible on Sir John Chichester's monument in Pilton Church.

The 3rd and 4th shields thus represent (3rd): the father of Hugh Fortescue (1545-1600), Sheriff of Devon in 1585, who died at Wear Giffard, and (4th): the father of his wife Elizabeth Chichester. and suggest that the overmantel was made to his order between 1570, when he succeeded his father and his death in 1600. A modern heraldic overmantel also exists in the bar, showing 19th century Fortescue family arms.

## InfoBox

| Simonsbath House | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Simonsbath, Somerset |
| Coordinates | 51°08′21″N 3°45′24″W / 51.13917°N 3.75667°W / 51.13917; -3.75667 |
| Built | Mid-17th century |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade II | |
| Official name | Simonsbath House Hotel |
| Designated | 6 April 1959 |
| Reference no. | 1058031 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Simonsbath House in Somerset | |