title: Disco Volante (Lisa album)

abstract: Disco Volante is the fourth studio album by Japanese-Colombian singer Lisa of the group M-Flo, which released on November 11, 2009. The album was the final chapter in Lisa's "luxury disco" series, which started with the extended plays Ready to Disco (2008) and Got that Fever, (2008) and featured a primarily dance, house and electro-pop sound. The album's leading promotional song, "Falling for You...", saw Lisa reunited with her former bandmate Verbal from M-Flo.

text:
# Disco Volante (Lisa album)

***Disco Volante*** (known as ***No Feva, No Life!!*** for the digital release) is the fourth studio album by Japanese-Colombian singer Lisa of the group M-Flo, which released on November 11, 2009. The album was the final chapter in Lisa's "luxury disco" series, which started with the extended plays *Ready to Disco* (2008) and *Got that Fever*, (2008) and featured a primarily dance, house and electro-pop sound. The album's leading promotional song, "Falling for You...", saw Lisa reunited with her former bandmate Verbal from M-Flo.

## Background and development

After releasing her greatest hits album *Lisabest: Mission on Earth 9307* in June 2007 which chronicled Lisa's solo career away from M-Flo, Lisa began working on a series of dance music extended plays entitled the "luxury disco series", which focused on house, electro and disco music. Originally the releases were intended to be three extended plays themed around different seasons of the year. The first of these, *Ready to Disco*, was released in February 2008. The second EP, *Got that Fever*, was led by the track "Leave", which was produced by Britney Spears collaborators Bloodshy & Avant. It was released in August, and on September 9, 2008, Lisa performed at the El Divino club on Ibiza, in front of a crowd of 2,000 people.

In late 2009, Lisa took part in M-Flo's 10th anniversary project. She recorded the song "Sound Boy Thriller" for the group's compilation album *MF10: 10th Anniversary Best* in October, and performed during the M-Flo 10 Years Special Live "We Are One" special concerts, held on November 14 and 15 at the Yoyogi National Gymnasium.

The album featured two songs each from the extended plays: "Leave" and "Other Side of Now" from *Got that Fever*, and "Crave" and "Send My Heart" from *Ready to Disco*, as well as a Japanese version of a song that Lisa released for the dance music compilation album *House Nation: Beach '09* in July. In addition to these songs, the album also featured four high-profile collaborations that featured Lisa as bonus tracks: "House Nation" (2008) from the dance project Ravex's album *Trax*, "Fire Woo Foo Foo" from rapper Diggy-Mo''s album *Diggyism* (2009), "My One Star" from DJ Makai's album *Stars*, and "Sound Boy Thriller" from M-Flo's compilation album *MF10: 10th Anniversary Best* (2009).

## Promotion and release

"Falling for You..." featuring Verbal from M-Flo was the leading promotional single from *Disco Volante*. The song received a music video, and enough radio airplay to reach number 54 on the *Billboard* Japan Adult Contemporary Airplay chart. In addition to "Falling for You...", several songs were used in promotional campaigns. Three songs were used as TV Asahi television program theme songs: "Send My Heart" for the variety show *G-Tech*, "Leave" for the variety show *Kanzen Gekijō*, "Love" for the music program *Future Tracks R*, "Traveler" was used as a commercial jingle for Mitsui Outlet Park, while "Shake My Heart" was chosen as the TV jingle for the accessory brand Bliss Bear, after the album's release in December.

## Critical reception

*CDJournal* reviewers described the album as "composed entirely of eurobeat, upbeat positive tunes", and in particular praised the song "Alone", calling it "a precious ballad".

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Arranger(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Falling for You..." (featuring Verbal (M-Flo)) | * Lisa * Verbal | Lisa | Satoshi Hidaka | 4:37 |
| 2. | "Frozen" | Lisa | Lisa | Sugaya Bros | 3:46 |
| 3. | "Traveler" | Lisa | Lisa | Toshimichi Tsuge (Lil) | 5:36 |
| 4. | "Send My Heart" | Lisa | Lisa | Shinnosuke (Soul'd Out) | 4:28 |
| 5. | "Leave" | Lisa |  | Bloodshy & Avant | 3:59 |
| 6. | "Love" | Lisa | Lisa | Ryuichiro Yamaki | 4:49 |
| 7. | "Shake My Heart" | Lisa | Lisa | Ken Arai | 4:30 |
| 8. | "Crave" | Lisa | Lisa | Yamaki | 5:42 |
| 9. | "Planet Love" | Lisa | Lisa | Pink Chemeleons | 6:04 |
| 10. | "Alone" | Lisa | Lisa | Shingo.S | 4:00 |
| 11. | "Other Side of Now" | Lisa | Lisa | Hisashi Nawata | 3:41 |
| 12. | "Fire Woo Hoo Hoo" (Diggy-Mo' featuring Lisa) | * Diggy-Mo' * Lisa | * Diggy-Mo' * Satoshi Hidaka * Lisa | * Diggy-Mo' * Satoshi Hidaka | 4:47 |
| 13. | "House Nation" (Ravex featuring Lisa) | Lisa | * Ravex * Lisa | Ravex | 4:08 |
| 14. | "My One Star" (Makai featuring Lisa) | Lisa | * Masanobu Komaba * Koichi Makai | Takashi Ikezawa | 5:22 |
| 15. | "Sound Boy Thriller" (M-Flo feeeeeeeeeeat. Lisa) | * M-Flo * Lisa | * M-Flo * Lisa | M-Flo | 6:04 |
| Total length: | | | | | 1:11:48 |

Digital edition: No Feva, No Life!!
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Falling for You..." (featuring Verbal (M-Flo)) | 4:37 |
| 2. | "Frozen" | 3:46 |
| 3. | "Traveler" | 5:36 |
| 4. | "Send My Heart" | 4:28 |
| 5. | "Leave" | 3:59 |
| 6. | "Love" | 4:49 |
| 7. | "Shake My Heart" | 4:30 |
| 8. | "Crave" | 5:42 |
| 9. | "Planet Love" | 6:04 |
| 10. | "Alone" | 4:00 |
| 11. | "Other Side of Now" | 3:41 |
| 12. | "House Nation" (Ravex featuring Lisa) | 4:08 |
| 13. | "Sound Boy Thriller" (M-Flo feeeeeeeeeeat. Lisa) | 6:04 |
| 14. | "Falling for You... \[Extended Ver.\]" (featuring Verbal (M-Flo)) | 6:57 |
| Total length: | | 1:08:21 |

## Charts

| Chart (2014) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Japan *Oricon* weekly albums | 146 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Distributing Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Japan | November 11, 2009 | CD | Rhythm Zone |
| | November 18, 2009 | Digital download | |

## InfoBox

| Disco Volante | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Lisa | |
| Released | November 11, 2009 (2009-11-11) |
| Recorded | 2007–2009 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 1:11:48 |
| Language | Japanese, English |
| Label | Rhythm Zone |
| Producer | Lisa |
| Lisa chronology | |
| *Got that Fever*
(2008) ***Disco Volante***
(2009) *Family*
(2012) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Disco Volante* | |
| 1. "Falling for You..."
Released: November 11, 2009 | |
|  | |


title: Scenery generator

abstract: A scenery generator is software used to create landscape images, 3D models, and animations. These programs often use procedural generation to generate the landscapes. If not using procedural generation to create the landscapes, then normally a 3D artist would render and create the landscapes. These programs are often used in video games or movies. Basic elements of landscapes created by scenery generators include terrain, water, foliage, and clouds. The process for basic random generation uses a diamond square algorithm.

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# Scenery generator

A **scenery generator** is software used to create landscape images, 3D models, and animations. These programs often use procedural generation to generate the landscapes. If not using procedural generation to create the landscapes, then normally a 3D artist would render and create the landscapes. These programs are often used in video games or movies. Basic elements of landscapes created by scenery generators include terrain, water, foliage, and clouds. The process for basic random generation uses a diamond square algorithm.

## Common features

Most scenery generators can create basic heightmaps to simulate the variation of elevation in basic terrain. Common techniques include Simplex noise, fractals, or the diamond-square algorithm, which can generate 2-dimensional heightmaps. A version of scenery generator can be very simplistic. Using a diamond-square algorithm with some extra steps involving fractals an algorithm for random generation of terrain can be made with only 120 lines of code. The program in example takes a grid and then divides the grid repeatedly. Each smaller grid is then split into squares and diamonds and the algorithm then makes the randomized terrain for each square and diamond. Most programs for creating the landscape can also allow for adjustment and editing of the landscape. For example World Creator allows for terrain sculpting which uses a similar brush system as Photoshop and allows to enhance it additionally with its procedural techniques such as erosion, sediments, and more. Other tools in the World Creator program include terrain stamping, which allows you to import elevation maps and use them as a base. The programs tend to also allow for additional placement of rocks, trees, etc. These can be done procedurally or by hand depending on the program. Typically the models used for the placement objects are the same as to lessen the amount of work that would be done if the user was to create a multitude of different trees.

The terrain generated the computer does a generation of multifractals then integrates them until finally rendering them onto the screen. These techniques are typically done “on-the-fly” which typically for a 128 × 128 resolution terrain would mean 1.5 seconds on a CPU from the early 1990s.

## Applications

Scenery generators are commonly used in movies, animations and video games. For example, Industrial Light & Magic used E-on Vue to create the fictional environments for *Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest*. In such live-action cases, a 3D model of the generated environment is rendered and blended with live-action footage. Scenery generated by the software may also be used to create completely computer-generated scenes. In the case of animated movies such as *Kung Fu Panda*, the raw generation is assisted by hand-painting to accentuate subtle details. Environment elements not commonly associated with landscapes, such as ocean waves have also been handled by the software.

Scenery generation is used in most 3D based video-games. These typically use either custom or purchased engines that contain their own scenery generators. For some games they tend to use a procedurally generated terrain. These typically use a form of height mapping and use of Perlin noise. This will create a grid that with one point in a 2D coordinate will create the same heightmap as it is pseudo-random, meaning it will result in the same output with the same input. This can then easily be translated into the product 3D image. These can then be changed from the editor tools in most engines if the terrain will be custom built. With recent developments neural networks can be built to create or texture the terrain based on previously suggested artwork or heightmap data. These would be generated using algorithms that have been able to identify images and similarities between them. With the info the machine can take other heightmaps and render a very similar looking image to the style image. This can be used to create similar images in example a Studio Ghibli or Van Gogh art-style.

## Software

Most game engines, whether custom or proprietary, will have terrain generation built in.

Some terrain generator programs include, Terragen, which can create terrain, water, atmosphere and lighting; L3DT, which provides similar functions to Terragen, and has a 2048 × 2048 resolution limit; and World Creator, which can create terrain, and is fully GPU powered.


title: Lander Valley High School

abstract: Lander Valley High School (LVHS) is the primary high school located in Lander, Wyoming at 305 Baldwin Creek Rd, Lander, Wyoming 82520. The school is part of the Fremont County District #1. The school district serves Lander and outlying communities including Hudson, Jeffrey City, Atlantic City, and the surrounding area, which also includes Wind River Indian Reservation. The school is accredited by the Wyoming Department of Education and AdvancED.

text:
# Lander Valley High School

**Lander Valley High School** (**LVHS**) is the primary high school located in Lander, Wyoming at 305 Baldwin Creek Rd, Lander, Wyoming 82520. The school is part of the Fremont County District #1. The school district serves Lander and outlying communities including Hudson, Jeffrey City, Atlantic City, and the surrounding area, which also includes Wind River Indian Reservation. The school is accredited by the Wyoming Department of Education and AdvancED (North Central).

## History

LVHS was originally known as Fremont County Vocational High School (FCVHS). In 1969, FCVHS changed the name to Lander Valley High School (LVHS). The school building was originally located near the west end of Main Street, with a nearby field house on Baldwin Creek. In 2004, the old high school was demolished, and the school district built the new LVHS next to the previously stated field house.

## Demographics

Lander Valley High School has 527 students in grades 9–12. The school district has approximately 1,800 students.

District Demographics
| White | Native American | Hispanic | Multiracial | Asian |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 73% | 12% | 7% | 6% | 1% |

*U.S. News & World Report*
School Score Card
|  | Local | State | National |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| College Readiness Index | 3.2 |  | N/A |
| AP Tested | 10% |  | N/A |
| AP Passed | 9% |  | N/A |
| Mathematics Proficiency | 41% | 40% | 25% |
| English Proficiency | 34% | 30% | 37% |

### Additional statistics

LVHS has a 13:1 student-to-teacher ratio.

Total minority enrollment: 31%.

Total economically disadvantaged: 31%.

Full-time teachers: 36.

Percentage of students who are female: 47%.

LVHS has an 82% graduation rate.

## Mascot

The mascot for LVHS is the Tiger, which can be seen at pep rallies and most sporting events. The mascot's name is Tony the Tiger.

## Sports programs

The sports programs at LVHS include:

* Football
* Basketball – Boys and Girls
* Volleyball – Girls
* Wrestling – Boys
* Swimming – Boys and Girls
* Golf – Boys and Girls
* Cross country skiing – Boys and Girls
* Track – Boys and Girls
* Cross country running – Boys and Girls

## Additional extracurricular programs

LVHS has a band, choir, theater program, 4-H club, and FFA.

LVHS also has a wide variety of club programs as well.

## Notable alumni

42°50′29″N 108°45′04″W / 42.8415°N 108.7512°W / 42.8415; -108.7512

## InfoBox

| Lander Valley High School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
|  | |
| 350 Baldwin Creek Road,
Lander, Wyoming
United States | |
| Information | |
| Type | Public |
| School district | Fremont County District #1 |
| Principal | Brad Neuendorf |
| Faculty | 36 |
| Grades | 9–12 |
| Enrollment | 574 (2024) |
| Color(s) | Green and black |
| Teams | Tigers |
| Website | www.landerschools.org/Lander-Valley-HS |


title: Death Valley (disambiguation)

abstract: Death Valley is a desert valley in southeastern California in the Mojave Desert. Death Valley may also refer to:

text:
# Death Valley (disambiguation)

**Death Valley** is a desert valley in southeastern California in the Mojave Desert.

**Death Valley** may also refer to:

## Places

**Places nicknamed "Death Valley"**

## Arts, entertainment, and media

### Films

### Music

* *Death Valley Suite* (1949), a symphonic suite by Ferde Grofe, inspired by the history and geography of Death Valley

### Television

* *Death Valley* (TV series), a 2011 MTV horror comedy series
* *Death Valley Days* (1930-1945 radio series; 1952–1970 TV series), an American radio and television anthology series featuring true stories of the old American West, particularly the Death Valley area

## Structures nicknamed "Death Valley"


title: Reeves, Inc. v. Stake

abstract: Reeves, Inc. v. Stake, 447 U.S. 429 (1980), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that individual states, when acting as producers or suppliers rather than as market regulators, may discriminate preferentially against out-of-state residents. This "market participant" doctrine is an exception to the so-called negative commerce clause, which ordinarily deems state regulations invalid where they discriminate against interstate commerce in favor of intrastate commerce for the purpose of economic protectionism.

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# Reeves, Inc. v. Stake

***Reeves, Inc. v. Stake***, 447 U.S. 429 (1980), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that individual states, when acting as producers or suppliers rather than as market regulators, may discriminate preferentially against out-of-state residents. This "market participant" doctrine is an exception to the so-called negative commerce clause, which ordinarily deems state regulations invalid where they discriminate against interstate commerce in favor of intrastate commerce for the purpose of economic protectionism.

## Background

In 1919, the state of South Dakota built a cement plant to deal with cement shortages that had been plaguing the state. After several years of production, however, South Dakota was producing more cement than its citizens were using, and began selling excess cement on the national market. Reeves, a ready mix concrete distribution company in Wyoming, relied on the South Dakota state-owned factory for up to 95% of its cement supplies. When South Dakota was hit by a cement shortage in 1978, the State Cement Commission directed the cement plant to first supply all South Dakota customers with cement before taking on customers from out of state. As a result, Reeves lost a substantial portion of cement supply, and filed suit against the South Dakota State Cement Commission in federal district court.

## Opinion of the Court

At issue was whether South Dakota's preferential treatment of South Dakota residents in its sale of state-produced cement constituted a violation of the negative commerce clause. The Court ruled that South Dakota's preferential treatment of South Dakota residents in its sale of state-produced cement was not a violation of the negative commerce clause because South Dakota was acting as a market participant.

The Supreme Court first promulgated the market participant exception to the negative commerce clause in *Hughes v. Alexandria Scrap Corp.*, in which Maryland offered a "bounty" for destroying abandoned Maryland automobiles but effectively limited receipt of the bounty to in-state residents. There, the Supreme Court upheld the Maryland law against Commerce Clause objections because the state of Maryland was acting as a participant in the market rather than as a market regulator. “Nothing in the purposes animating the Commerce Clause prohibits a State, in the absence of congressional action, from participating in the market and exercising the right to favor its own citizens over others.” Thus, while state laws that prefer intrastate commerce to interstate commerce for economic protectionism are ordinarily invalid per se, states when acting as market participants may engage in such discrimination.

Here, South Dakota was acting as a market participant where Congress had not taken any regulatory action; thus, South Dakota could favor its citizens in the sale of state-produced cement over the citizens of other states.

## InfoBox

| Reeves, Inc. v. Stake | |
| --- | --- |
| Supreme Court of the United States | |
| Argued April 16, 1980
Decided June 19, 1980 | |
| Full case name | *Reeves, Inc. v. Stake, et al.* |
| Citations | 447 U.S. 429 (*more*)100 S. Ct. 2271; 65 L. Ed. 2d 244; 1980 U.S. LEXIS 40 |
| Case history | |
| Prior | *Certiorari* to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit |
| Holding | |
| South Dakota's preferential treatment of South Dakota residents in its sale of state-produced cement is not a violation of the negative commerce clause. | |
| Court membership | |
| Chief Justice Warren E. Burger  Associate Justices William J. Brennan Jr. **·**  Potter Stewart
Byron White **·**  Thurgood Marshall
Harry Blackmun **·**  Lewis F. Powell Jr.
William Rehnquist **·**  John P. Stevens | |
| Case opinions | |
| Majority | Blackmun, joined by Burger, Stewart, Marshall, Rehnquist |
| Dissent | Powell, joined by Brennan, White, Stevens |


title: Cheruval

abstract: Cheruval is a village in Thrissur district of Kerala, India. The main festivals of this village are the football tournament and "Desavilakku". The village has one school- JLPS-Janatha Lower Primary School, a football ground, many farms and the Manjamkuzhy Dam. The village is situated on the banks of the Kurumali River. The "NAVABHARAH SAMSKARIKA NILAYAM" is one of the cultural centre in this village. The village is approximately 1.2 km from the Puthukkad/Pudukad railway station.

text:
# Cheruval

**Cheruval** is a village in Thrissur district of Kerala, India. The main festivals of this village are the football tournament and "Desavilakku". The village has one school- JLPS-Janatha Lower Primary School, a football ground, many farms and the Manjamkuzhy Dam. The village is situated on the banks of the Kurumali River. The "NAVABHARAH SAMSKARIKA NILAYAM" is one of the cultural centre in this village. The village is approximately 1.2 km from the Puthukkad/Pudukad railway station.

## InfoBox

| Cheruval Valiyakkunnu Vanasasth temple | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| CheruvalLocation in Kerala, IndiaCheruvalCheruval (India) | |
| Coordinates: 10°24′0″N 76°14′0″E / 10.40000°N 76.23333°E / 10.40000; 76.23333 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Thrissur |
| Languages | |
| Official | Malayalam, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 680301 |
| Telephone code | Thottippal Tel Exchange Code is +91 (0480) |
| Nearest city | Pudukad -Irinjalakuda |
| Literacy | 100% |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Mukundapuram |
| Climate | cool (Köppen) |


title: Rhinesuchidae

abstract: Rhinesuchidae is a family of tetrapods that lived primarily in the Permian period. They belonged to the broad group Temnospondyli, a successful and diverse collection of semiaquatic tetrapods which modern amphibians are probably descended from. Rhinesuchids can be differentiated from other temnospondyls by details of their skulls, most notably the interior structure of their otic notches at the back of the skull. They were among the earliest-diverging members of the Stereospondyli, a subgroup of temnospondyls with flat heads and aquatic habits. Although more advanced stereospondyls evolved to reach worldwide distribution in the Triassic period, rhinesuchids primarily lived in the high-latitude environments of Gondwana during the Guadalupian and Lopingian epochs of the Permian. The taxonomy of this family has been convoluted, with more than twenty species having been named in the past; a 2017 review recognized only eight of them to be valid. While several purported members of this group have been reported to have lived in the Triassic period, most are either dubious or do not belong to the group. However, at least one valid genus of rhinesuchid is known from the early Triassic, a small member known as Broomistega. The most recent formal definition of Rhinesuchidae, advocated by Mariscano et al. (2017) is that of a stem-based clade containing all taxa more closely related to Rhinesuchus whaitsi than to Lydekkerina huxleyi or Peltobatrachus pustulatus. A similar alternate definition is that Rhinesuchidae is a stem-based clade containing all taxa more closely related to Uranocentrodon senekalensis than to Lydekkerina huxleyi, Trematosaurus brauni, or Mastodonsaurus giganteus.

text:
# Rhinesuchidae

**Rhinesuchidae** is a family of tetrapods that lived primarily in the Permian period. They belonged to the broad group Temnospondyli, a successful and diverse collection of semiaquatic tetrapods which modern amphibians are probably descended from. Rhinesuchids can be differentiated from other temnospondyls by details of their skulls, most notably the interior structure of their otic notches at the back of the skull. They were among the earliest-diverging members of the Stereospondyli, a subgroup of temnospondyls with flat heads and aquatic habits. Although more advanced stereospondyls evolved to reach worldwide distribution in the Triassic period, rhinesuchids primarily lived in the high-latitude environments of Gondwana (what is now South America and Africa) during the Guadalupian and Lopingian epochs of the Permian. The taxonomy of this family has been convoluted, with more than twenty species having been named in the past; a 2017 review recognized only eight of them (distributed among seven genera) to be valid. While several purported members of this group have been reported to have lived in the Triassic period, most are either dubious or do not belong to the group. However, at least one valid genus of rhinesuchid is known from the early Triassic, a small member known as *Broomistega*. The most recent formal definition of Rhinesuchidae, advocated by Mariscano *et al*. (2017) is that of a stem-based clade containing all taxa more closely related to *Rhinesuchus whaitsi* than to *Lydekkerina huxleyi* or *Peltobatrachus pustulatus.* A similar alternate definition is that Rhinesuchidae is a stem-based clade containing all taxa more closely related to *Uranocentrodon senekalensis* than to *Lydekkerina huxleyi*, *Trematosaurus brauni*, or *Mastodonsaurus giganteus*.

## Description

Rhinesuchids generally had a conventional body type for tetrapods, with four limbs and a moderately long tail. In addition, their bodies were also somewhat elongated and their limbs were small and weak but still rather well-developed. Some were very large, up to 3 meters (10 feet) in length. Like most stereospondyls, their skulls were flattened and triangular, with upward-pointing eyes. Most rhinesuchids had relatively short snouts, although the snout of *Australerpeton* was very long and thin. The only other giant long-snouted Permian amphibians were members of the family Archegosauridae, such as *Prionosuchus* and *Konzhukovia*.

### Otic notch

Like most ancient amphibians, rhinesuchids had a pair of indentations at the rear edge of the skull known as otic notches. While sometimes considered to have housed hearing organs such as a tympanum (eardrum), these notches are more likely to have held spiracles, fleshy holes used for breathing. Rhinesuchids can be characterized by a unique system of ridges and grooves within the inner cavity of each otic notch. The walls of the otic notch cavity (sometimes referred to as a tympanic cavity) are mainly made up of the ascending branch of the pterygoid bones. Nevertheless, the inside edge of each cavity is formed by a tabular bone. The tabular bones are a pair of triangular bones along the rear edge of the skull which form pointed structures known as tabular horns. The upper part of the outer wall of the cavity is also formed partly from the squamosal bones, which mostly occupy the flat upper face of the skull. The portion of the squamosal which forms the cavity wall is separated by the portion outside of the cavity by a pronounced boundary known as a falciform crest.

The outer wall of the cavity has a long and pronounced groove, known as a stapedial groove, which extends lengthwise along the wall. The lower edge of the groove is formed by a ridge/crest known as an oblique ridge, although it has also been called a *crista obliqua*, otic flange, or simply an oblique crest. The upper edge of the stapedial groove is formed by another ridge/crest bordering the squamosal bone, which Eltink *et al.* (2016) named the 'dorsal pterygoid crest'. However, Mariscano *et al.* (2017) preferred to use the name "*lamella*" for this structure so that it would not be confused with a different ridge present in lydekkerinids, which is sometimes termed an 'oblique crest of the pterygoid', but more commonly called a 'tympanic crest'. Confusingly enough, many rhinesuchids are also known to possess a tympanic crest. This ridge was positioned further back than the other ridges (near the intersection of the pterygoid, quadrate, and squamosal bones) and extends down along the rear face of the cheek. The inner edge of the outer wall of the cavity was formed by a ledge which most studies simply label 'membrane'. This convention exists as a result of the old and likely incorrect hypothesis that otic notches housed eardrums. Under this hypothesis, the inner ledge may have attached to a membrane stretching along the inner cavity of the ear.

This combination of otic cavity grooves and ridges is unique to rhinesuchids. The *lamella* and stapedial groove are unknown in any other groups, although they are present in practically every rhinesuchid (except *Broomistega*, which lacks a *lamella*). The tympanic crest is present in most rhinesuchids but absent in a few, and it is additionally present in lydekkerinids. The oblique ridge/crest and falciform crest are present in most other stereospondyls (although the former is less well-developed), while the 'membrane' ledge is present in practically every stereospondylomorph.

### Palate and braincase

Various bones and openings comprised the palate (roof of the mouth) in rhinesuchids, as in other amphibians. At the tip of the palate lied the vomers, while the areas near the edge of the mouth were made of the palatine and ectopterygoid bones. In the middle of the rear part of the mouth was a rectangular bone known as a parasphenoid. Most of the parasphenoid formed the lower face of the flattened braincase, although it also possesses a thin forward-projecting rod known as a cultriform process, which extends down the midline of the skull to meet the vomers. Towards the back of the mouth, there were the multi-pronged pterygoid bones on each side of the skull. Each pterygoid had several branches, including the posterior branch which stretches back and to the side of the skull, the short medial branch which extends inwards and connects to the parasphenoid bone, an ascending branch which projects upwards to form the otic notch, and finally the anterior branch which extends forward along the palatine and ectopterygoid. The pterygoids of most rhinesuchids have very long anterior branches. In most members of this family, the anterior branch reaches as far forward as the vomers, although *Australerpeton* has relatively short anterior branches. A pair of large openings, known as interpterygoid vacuities, fill the areas between these bones, making the majority of the palate open space.

When seen from behind, the upper branches of the braincase (paroccipital processes) extends from side to side, partially concealing the ascending branch of the pterygoids. Each paroccipital process is also perforated by a small hole, known as post-temporal fenestrae. These holes are very thin in rhinesuchids. Above these paroccipital processes lie the otic notches as well as the tabular bones. The paroccipital processes also point backwards to some extent, forming horns which in some rhinesuchids are slightly longer than those of the tabulars. When seen from below, the most prominent portion of the braincase is the parasphenoid bone. The rear corners of the parasphenoid have small 'pockets' bordered by ridges (known as *crista muscularis*). These ridges may have anchored muscles capable of maneuvering the head on the neck.

### Other skull and jaw features

Many bones made up the upper side of the skull, although a particular pair of bones acquired a specific design in rhinesuchids. These bones were the elongated jugal and prefrontal bones, which formed the front edge of the orbits (eye holes). In most rhinesuchids, the edge between the two bones possessed a 'stepped' shape, with a triangular outer extension of the prefrontal pushing the suture with the jugal towards a more lateral (outwards) position. However, the suture is more straight in *Australerpeton*, like in other stereospondyls.

The lower jaw has a pair of holes only visible from the inside edge of the jaw. The larger hole at the rear part of the bone complex, known as a posterior Meckelian foramen, was thin and elongated in rhinesuchids. An additional hole on the underside of the jaw joint is only visible from below. This hole, the chorda tympanic foramen, was large in this family. On the upper side of the jaw joint, a thin groove known as an arcadian groove stretches towards the lingual (tongue) side of the jaw and separates other bony bumps located among the jaw joint. As a whole, the grooves and ridges of the jaw joint were poorly developed in rhinesuchids compared to that of many other stereospondyl groups, instead resembling the simple joint of archegosaurids such as *Melosaurus*.

## Paleobiology

Most rhinesuchids are only known from skull material, although a few members of the group (*Uranocentrodon*, *Broomistega*, and *Australerpeton*, for example) include specimens preserving a significant portion of the rest of the skeleton. A juvenile specimen of *Broomistega* had ankles and vertebrae which were poorly ossified, indicating that its joints had a large amount of cartilaginous material to supplement the low amount of bone. This trait is often correlated with an aquatic lifestyle. Features of the skull, such as upwards-pointing eyes, also support this hypothesis.

Despite this support for an aquatic lifestyle, other pieces of evidence show that rhinesuchids were capable of some terrestrial movement. Although rhinesuchids did not possess any adaptations for digging, the poorly-ossified juvenile specimen of *Broomistega* was found in a flooded burrow which was also inhabited by a *Thrinaxodon*. Various conditions of the way these animals were preserved indicate that they co-inhabited the burrow peacefully, likely to survive a drought by aestivating (staying in a dormant state during hot and dry conditions). The fact that a *Broomistega* was able to enter the burrow of a terrestrial animal such as *Thrinaxodon* indicates that rhinesuchids were not exclusively aquatic.

In addition, it has been noted that larger temnospondyls generally have more well-ossified joints. For example, large specimens of *Australerpeton* possessed robust hips, several completely bony ankle bones, and ossified pleurocentra (part of the vertebrae). Nevertheless, these skeletons were not as strongly built as those of *Eryops* (a supposedly terrestrial temnospondyl), with smaller shoulder girdles and less prominent sites for muscle attachment. Dias & Schultz (2003) suggested that the lifestyle of *Australerpeton* (and presumably other rhinesuchids) was that of a semiaquatic piscivore (fish-eater), preferring to hunt in shallow bodies of freshwater yet retaining the ability to walk on land during droughts.

A Histological study of several indeterminate rhinesuchid fossils (referred to *Rhinesuchus*) indicate that members of the family grew seasonally, as in modern amphibians. Individuals also had fairly long life span, with one specimen being 30 to 35 years old at the time of its death based on the number of lines of arrested growth (rings in the bone used to tell age, like tree rings) present in a hip fragment. Some lines of arrested growth were very narrow, indicating that the individuals could reduce their growth and metabolism during times of hardship. This ability may be the reason why rhinesuchids were rather successful at the end of the Permian, as well as how a few small members of the group survived the Permian-Triassic extinction event.

### Gills

Three rows of tiny bones (branchial ossicles) covered with thin tooth-like structures (branchial denticles) have been preserved near the neck of one specimen of *Uranocentrodon*. These bones almost certainly attached to the branchial arches of gills while the animal was alive. Although such bones are rare among stereospondyls and unknown in any other rhinesuchids, this may simply be due to the fact that the bones of other genera were preserved in more rough-grained sediments where such delicate bones could be broken or difficult to find.

Although evidently *Uranocentrodon* had gills of some kind, it is difficult to determine what kind of gills they were. On the one hand, they could have been internal gills like those of fish, which were hardly visible from the outside of the body. On the other hand, they could have been stalk-like external gills like those of modern salamander larvae or even neotenic adult salamanders such as the mudpuppy or axolotl. External gills had to have evolved from internal gills sometime during amphibian evolution, although the precise location of this transition is controversial. The gill-supporting bones preserved in ancient amphibians show many similarities with those of fish gills and salamander gills. Paleontologists who prefer comparing ancient tetrapods to modern amphibians generally find many similarities between the fossil bones and modern salamander gill bones. On the other hand, paleontologists who compare fossil tetrapods to fossil fish consider the bones to correlate with internal gills. This conundrum, known as Bystrow's paradox, has made it difficult to assess gills in ancient amphibians such as *Uranocentrodon,* as different paleontologists come to different conclusions based on their field of study.

Bystrow's paradox was finally resolved by a 2010 study, which found that grooved ceratobrachnial structures (components of the branchial arches) are correlated with internal gills. Ancient tetrapods which preserved grooved ceratobranchials, such as the dvinosaur *Dvinosaurus*, probably only had internal gills as adults. Nevertheless, external gills have been directly preserved as soft tissue in some temnospondyls. However, these situations only occur in larval specimens or members of specialized groups such as the branchiosaurids. One living species of lungfish (*Lepidosiren*) has external gills as larvae which transform into internal gills as adults. Despite adult dvinosaur specimens having skeletal features correlated with internal gills, some larval specimens of another dvinosaur, *Isodectes* preserved soft tissue external gills. Thus, the gill development of dvinosaurs (and presumably other temnospondyls, such as *Uranocentrodon*) mirrored that of *Lepidosiren*. Despite this feature likely being an example of convergent evolution (as other lungfish exclusively possessed internal gills), it still remains a useful gauge for how temnospondyl gills developed. The study's writers concluded that the gills of temnospondyls (including *Uranocentrodon* and other rhinesuchids which may have possessed gills) were probably internal (like those of a fish) as an adult, but external (like those of a salamander) as a larva.

### Body armor

One *Uranocentrodon* skeleton also preserved large patches of bony scutes or scales around the body. The scutes which would have been on the belly of the animal were arranged in parallel diagonal rows which converged at the midline of the body and diverged as the rows stretched towards the tail. Each scute had a ridge running down the middle, and the scutes further towards the midline overlapped the ones further out. Along the midline, a row of flat and wide scales stretched from the throat to the tail. While these belly scales were made of bone, scales on other parts of the body had less bone structure and were probably made of keratin instead. The scales on the sides of the body were flatter and smaller than the bony belly scutes. The scutes on the back of the body were similar, although more rounded in shape, with a few larger scutes near the midline. The scales of the hind limbs and the underside of the hip region were similar to those of the back, although no integument was preserved on the forelimbs or tail. Thus, it is likely that at least the tail was unarmored and only covered with naked skin.

Scales have also been preserved in *Australerpeton* specimens. They are similar in distribution to those of *Uranocentrodon*, but are generally rounder in shape. They also possessed a honeycomb-like internal structure and histological features which indicate that they were deeply embedded in skin. Therefore, it is unlikely that they would have been visible from the outside of the body. It cannot be determined whether the scales or scutes of rhinesuchids would have enabled or restricted cutaneous respiration (breathing through the skin as in modern amphibians). Other potential applications of the scales included protection against predators, retaining water during droughts, and possibly even for storing calcium when conditions are harsh (a technique used by female African crocodiles).This last hypothesis is the least likely, as rhinesuchids did not lay hard-shelled eggs, which is the reason female crocodiles need to store calcium.

## Classification

When the family was first named in 1919, Rhinesuchidae was already recognized as a group of basal stereospondyls, a position which it retains even in the present day. Among the traits used to support this position include the fact that most rhinesuchids had long anterior branches of their pterygoids. More advanced stereospondyls had shorter anterior branches. In 1947, Alfred Romer placed the family (which he believed only included *Rhinesuchus*) in a broad superfamily which he called Rhinesuchoidea. Rhinesuchoidea was intended to be part of an evolutionary grade of temnospondyls linking "primitive" rhachitomes such as *Eryops* to "advanced" stereospondyls such as metoposaurs and trematosaurs. This grade, termed "neorhachitomes", was separated into Capitosauroidea (which contained capitosaurs and "benthosuchids") and Rhinesuchoidea. Apart from containing Rhinesuchidae, Rhinesuchoidea also contained various genera as well as the families Lydekkerinidae, Sclerothoracidae, and finally Uranocentrodontidae. Romer felt that certain taxa (i.e. *Uranocentrodon* and the possibly synonymous dubious genus "*Laccocephalus"*) often considered rhinesuchids were best placed in the separate family Uranocentrodontidae, while others (i.e. *Rhinesuchoides*) were not placed in any rhinesuchoid family in particular. Other families were later placed in this Rhinesuchoidea, such as Rhinecepidae in 1966 and Australerpetonidae in 1998.

The arrival of cladistics in the late 20th century has caused grades to fall out of favor in recent years, replaced by clades, which are defined by close relations rather than ancestral assemblages. However, the basic idea behind Rhinesuchoidea, which states that advanced stereospondyls descended from animals similar to rhinesuchids, is still considered valid. Rhinecepidae and Uranocentrodontidae were found to be synonymous with Rhinesuchidae according to a 2000 analysis by Schoch and Milner. One study placed Rhinesuchidae within the superfamily Capitosauroidea. However, this interpretation has not been followed by other studies which consider rhinesuchids to be more basal than capitosaurs. Australerpetonidae, a monotypic family only containing the genus *Australerpeton*, has been more difficult to compare to Rhinesuchidae. Some studies place *Australerpeton* as a basal stereospondyl outside of Rhinesuchidae, while others consider it an archegosaurid outside of Stereospondyli entirely.

A comprehensive review of *Australerpeton* published by Eltink *et al.* (2016) favored the hypothesis that it was deeply nested within Rhinesuchidae. A phylogenetic study performed as part of the study split the family into two clades. One clade was a subfamily termed Rhinesuchinae. Rhinesuchinae contains *Rhinesuchus* and *Rhineceps*. This subfamily is mainly characterized by features of the palate, such as an anterior branch of the pterygoid lacking ridges and palatine bones covered in tiny denticles. The other main clade of the family contained *Uranocentrodon* as well as another subfamily termed Australerpetinae. This clade is united by the presence of a tympanic crest and a foramen magnum (the hole for the spinal cord at the back of the braincase) which has a curved upper edge. Australerpetinae is a modified version of Australerpetonidae which has been reduced to subfamily status in order to fit within Rhinesuchidae. This subfamily contains *Australerpeton*, *Broomistega*, *Laccosaurus*, and *Rhinesuchoides*. Members of this subfamily had somewhat longer and more tapered snouts than other Rhinesuchids, although (according to Eltink *et al.*.) their pterygoids had short anterior branches, letting the palatine bones contact the interpterygoid vacuities. The most parsimonious (evolutionarily simplest) tree found by Eltink *et al.* (2016) is seen below:

The structure of Rhinesuchidae following Eltink *et al.'s* study was challenged by a different study on rhinesuchids published less than a year later. This study, Mariscano *et al.*. (2017), agreed that *Australerpeton* was a rhinesuchid, but considered it the most basal member of the family. They disagree with Eltink *et al.'s* recognition of short anterior pterygoid branches in multiple genera. According to their analysis, only *Australerpeton* possessed this trait, the main feature which separates it from the rest of Rhinesuchidae. Other traits which support this separation include the fact that other rhinesuchids have stepped jugal-prefrontal contact and toothless coronoid bones in the lower jaw. The rest of the family was poorly resolved in their phylogenetic analysis, although three clades did have moderate Bremer support values of 2.

Bremer support is gauged by counting the number of times analyzed traits are acquired, lost, or reacquired within a family tree. Some family trees include more of these transitions than others, meaning that some possible trees assumed that more than the bare minimum amount of evolution had taken place. The family tree with the fewest of these 'steps' (transitions) is likely to be the most accurate, based on the principal of occam's razor (the simplest answer is the most accurate). Bremer support is used to label how well-supported clades are by analyzing how they are distributed among more complex alternatives to the simplest (most parsimonious) tree. Clades which do not exist in a family tree which is only one total step more complex than the MPT (most parsimonious tree) have a Bremer support of 1, meaning that the clade's existence is very uncertain. Even if the MPT of the present analysis supports their existence, new data may make a competing family tree more parsimonious, dissolving clades which are only supported in the current MPT. Other clades may have much higher Bremer support values, indicating that more drastic assumptions have to be formulated to render the clade invalid. Rhinesuchidae as a whole, for example, has a Bremer support of 6 in Mariscano *et al*. (2017), which is considered high support. A Bremer support of 2, as is the case with three specific clades in this analysis, is considered moderate. One of these clades included the two valid species of *Rhinesuchoides*, while another clade connected *Rhineceps* and *Uranocentrodon*, and the last contained *Rhinesuchus* and *Laccosaurus*. The arrangement of these clades (as well as the placement of *Broomistega*) could not be resolved with absolute confidence, with Bremer support values of only 1 regardless of where the three clades were placed among non-*Australerpeton* Rhinesuchidae. The most parsimonious tree found by Mariscano *et al.* (2017) is seen below:

## InfoBox

| Rhinesuchids<br>Temporal range: Guadalupian-Early Triassic, | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Rhinesuchus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Order: | Temnospondyli |
| Suborder: | Stereospondyli |
| Family: | Rhinesuchidae<br>Watson, 1919 |
|
| Genera | |
|  | |
| Synonyms | |
| * **Australerpetonidae** Barbarena, 1998 * **Rhinecepidae** Oschev, 1966 * **Uranocentrodontidae** Romer, 1947 | |


abstract:
The University at Buffalo College of Arts and Sciences at the University at Buffalo was founded in 1915 and is the largest and most comprehensive academic unit at the university with 29 degree-granting departments, 16 academic programs, and 21 centers and institutes across the humanities, arts, and sciences. Comprising 29 departments in the arts, humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and mathematics, as well as 15 special programs and 23 centers and institutes, the College is the largest campus unit at the University at Buffalo. The College of Arts and Sciences has more than 450 faculty members, including 27 SUNY Distinguished Professors.
Robin G. Schulze is the Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences.

text:
# University at Buffalo College of Arts and Sciences

The **University at Buffalo College of Arts and Sciences** at the University at Buffalo was founded in 1915 and is the largest and most comprehensive academic unit at the university with 29 degree-granting departments, 16 academic programs, and 21 centers and institutes across the humanities, arts, and sciences.

Comprising 29 departments in the arts, humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and mathematics, as well as 15 special programs and 23 centers and institutes, the College is the largest campus unit at the University at Buffalo. The College of Arts and Sciences has more than 450 faculty members, including 27 SUNY Distinguished Professors. Robin G. Schulze is the Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences.

## InfoBox

University at Buffalo
College of Arts and Sciences
| College of Arts and Sciences | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Medical school |
| Established | 1915 |
| Location | Buffalo, NY, U.S. |
| Website |  |


title: Centre Place

abstract: Centre Place Shopping Centre is a shopping mall in Hamilton, New Zealand. It is located in the suburb of Hamilton Central. Centre Place is one of the city's three major malls along with Te Awa at The Base and Chartwell Shopping Centre. A scheme for the former Hamilton Central station site was promoted in 1969, though the site was still an undeveloped car park in 1981. Development started in 1984 and Centreplace opened in 1985. In October 2013, an extension of Centre Place replaced the former Downtown Plaza. With the expansion, the centre has a total retail floor space of approximately 26,000 m⁲ (280,000 sq ft), with an anchor tenant of Farmers.

text:
# Centre Place

**Centre Place Shopping Centre** is a shopping mall in Hamilton, New Zealand. It is located in the suburb of Hamilton Central. Centre Place is one of the city's three major malls along with Te Awa at The Base and Chartwell Shopping Centre.

A scheme for the former Hamilton Central station site was promoted in 1969, though the site was still an undeveloped car park in 1981. Development started in 1984 and Centreplace opened in 1985. In October 2013, an extension of Centre Place replaced the former Downtown Plaza. With the expansion, the centre has a total retail floor space of approximately 26,000 m2 (280,000 sq ft), with an anchor tenant of Farmers (7,000 m2 (75,000 sq ft)).

## InfoBox

Centre Place
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Hamilton, New Zealand |
| Coordinates | 37°47′9.91″S 175°16′48.78″E / 37.7860861°S 175.2802167°E / -37.7860861; 175.2802167 |
| Address | Hamilton Central |
| Owner | Kiwi Property |
| No. of stores and services | 100 |
| Total retail floor area | 26,000 square metres (280,000 sq ft) |
| No. of floors | 2 |
| Website | centreplace.co.nz |


title: The Man Without a Conscience

abstract: The Man Without a Conscience is a 1925 American silent drama film directed by James Flood and written by Louis D. Lighton and Hope Loring. The film stars Willard Louis, Irene Rich, June Marlowe, John Patrick, Robert Agnew, and Helen Dunbar. The film was released by Warner Bros. on June 7, 1925.

text:
# The Man Without a Conscience

***The Man Without a Conscience*** is a 1925 American silent drama film directed by James Flood and written by Louis D. Lighton and Hope Loring. The film stars Willard Louis, Irene Rich, June Marlowe, John Patrick, Robert Agnew, and Helen Dunbar. The film was released by Warner Bros. on June 7, 1925.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine review, Amos Mason ruthlessly takes the savings of his fiancée Ann Sherman and then casts her aside when he succeeds in his scheme in New York City to make a fortune rapidly. He causes Ann to be discharged when she finds a position with the Graves family. Amos becomes involved in a real estate business which grows quickly. He employs James Warren to build his mansion. James has married Ann, who tells her husband of the trickery of Amos. Amos and Shirley Graves have married, and a child is born to them. However, Shirley does not love Amos, and cares instead for Douglas White. After the child is born, Amos' trickery is found out and he is sent to prison. There he repents, and after he is released he returns to his wife who is waiting for him with more affection than before.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| The Man Without a Conscience | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | James Flood |
| Screenplay by | Louis D. Lighton
Hope Loring |
| Story by | Max Kretzer |
| Starring | Willard Louis
Irene Rich
June Marlowe
John Patrick
Robert Agnew
Helen Dunbar |
| Production
company | Warner Bros. |
| Distributed by | Warner Bros. |
| Release date | * June 7, 1925 (1925-06-07) |
| Running time | 70 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | Silent (English intertitles) |


title: Camille Patha

abstract: Camille Patha was an American painter and sculptor.

text:
# Camille Patha

**Camille Patha** (April 23, 1938 – December 19, 2023) was an American painter and sculptor.

## Biography

Camille Patha was born in 1938 in Seattle, Washington, and moved with her family to West Seattle in 1945, and Patha passed away on December 19, 2023. She often described herself with a laugh and a brilliant sparkle in her eye as a willful and terrible child. To keep her settled, her mother would give her paper, colored pencils, and crayons, knowing that Patha would stay still for hours, drawing and creating. For a year beginning in 1945, Patha was first introduced to art lessons at the Amelia Hart Art School for Children. Years later, she would take drawing lessons from Gail MacDonald and ceramic lessons with Harry Beaseley at West Seattle High School.

She married John Theodore Patha in 1955, and they relocated to the Phoenix area when John was assigned to service at Luke Air Force Base. Camille enrolled in the painting program at Arizona State University and started her long career as a painter. In Arizona, Patha contrasted her Seattle upbringing and recalled, “I saw the desert. I saw it in bloom. I saw sunshine. I saw hot, hot red. Hot yellows. I saw contrasts I never even dreamed of. I was 18 years old. I couldn’t believe it. I began to paint.” In 1959, John took a job at the Boeing Company as an aerospace engineer, and Camille transferred to the University of Washington and continued her studies in painting.

The transition back to Seattle at the University of Washington was challenging for Camille because she was expected to make art with a subdued, spiritual feeling like her professors and other iconic artists including Mark Tobey, Paul Horiuchi, and Morris Graves. She needed to reduce her color palette to soft browns and grays to garner the approval of the professors. She focused on developing a painting style that she labeled as “brushy brushwork style” and “slash and dash.” She completed her Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1960 and taught art at Chinook Junior High School until 1963 when she returned to the UW to earn a Master of Fine Arts degree. After navigating complex university politics and completing her degree requirements, Camille embraced her love of color. She recalled, “I didn’t want to suppress my color, and my color began oozing out of my ears. Color came everywhere. Color came with the blacks. Color came with the blacks and whites. Color came with the soft blues. Color came with everything. And so I’ve always been a colorist. Color makes a statement about freedom, about humanity.”

Pathafound immediate success in the area’s commercial galleries and museums. Her paintings were included in the Seattle Art Museum’s Northwest Annual exhibitions in 1964, 1965, 1966, and 1968. Her paintings were selected for the Bellevue Art Museum’s Pacific Northwest Arts and Crafts Fair in 1964, 1965, and 1968, winning honorable mention in 1964. She was represented by the Otto Seligman Gallery, the Gordon Woodside Gallery, and Davidson Contemporary.

The year 1970 was a pivotal point in her career as an artist. Her large-scale abstraction Space Game was featured in the Washington State Pavilion at the Osaka World’s Fair, and her paintings were included in exhibitions at the Seattle Art Museum, the Bellevue Art Museum, and the Tacoma Art Museum. During this time, Camille signed her paintings “D. C. Patha” to hide her gender and allow people to assume that a man painted the visually strong works. She delighted in telling about the moment she was unmasked by a gallery attendant who gasped, “You’re Patha? Oh my God, you’re a woman…but, you paint like a man.” To which Camille responded forcefully, “No, I don’t. I paint like a painter.”

Throughout her career, Patha embraced then discarded various styles and themes. For several years, she painted in the surrealist vein then settled into a strong feminist period. Camille then adopted a softer environmental focus sparked by her love of birds that would eventually result in various explorations of pure abstraction. Regardless of her style or theme, Camille distilled her personal experiences into aesthetic representations that would resonate powerfully with viewers if they looked closely and allowed Camille to guide their emotional responses through color, form, and textures.

In addition to innumerable private collections that notably included the Jon and Mary Shirley Collection, her paintings were also collected by the Boeing Company, Highline Medical Center, Seattle First National Bank, Pacific Northwest Bell Corporation, the Safeco Collection, the City of Normandy Park, the City of Des Moines, the University of Washington Campus Art Collection, the King County Art Collection, the Bellevue Art Museum, Tacoma Art Museum, the U.S. State Department’s “Art in Embassies” Program, and KNKX Public Radio. Camille would be featured in one-person exhibitions at the Bellevue Art Museum in 1979, the Museum of Northwest Art in La Connor in 2017, Pierce Colleges in 2019, and Tacoma Art Museum in 2014 and 2023. In 1990, Camille was commissioned by the Seattle Yacht Club to illustrate a cookbook, the Hilton Hotel in SeaTac for a series of prints for the guest rooms, and 13 Coins also in SeaTac for another series of prints that were displayed above the dining room booths. In addition to the publications produced by the Bellevue Arts Museum and Tacoma Art Museum, Camille would regularly self-publish major volumes of her paintings.

In the last three years of her career, Camille expanded her art practice to include furniture design and sculpture. Her last studio works focused intensely on female sexuality, unapologetically celebrating human sensuality from the perspective of an octogenarian.

Like her exuberant art, Camille was a flamboyant social presence. She commanded control of almost every room she entered. Camille and John hosted legendary parties throughout their lives, and Camille was widely admired as a generous and boisterous hostess. She specialized in a particularly strong version of a Manhattan, concocted with only ice cubes and Makers Mark bourbon and a cherry if there was one to be found.

Patha sought to befriend every person she encountered, looking to make a connection with them often through her art. She could coax a conversation with almost anyone and make them smile. During one particularly adventurous trip to New York in 2019, Camille fearlessly approached the supermodel Adut Akech at a hotel bar and struck up a friendly conversation and by the end of their meeting, they hugged each other goodbye as though they were good friends.

Patha deeply loved animals, particularly birds. She and John rescued an injured crow sometime in the early 1980s, and they named it Crash because it kept flying into windows. Camille also once adopted a fancy chicken and named it Arturo Toscanini because the bird evoked the conductor’s passionate command of the orchestra’s sound. Camille was known in her Normandy Park neighborhood for tending to the wild animals, especially the hummingbirds and seagulls. She also kept generations of the neighborhood’s raccoons and opossums well-fed and happy. Animals could imprint on Camille. After a trip to the Puyallup Fair, Camille would retell the details of the draught horses for years, emphasizing the magnificent form and size of the horses. Her only regret, which she also repeated for years, was that John would not let her keep a horse in their house!

In 1970, Camille and John would achieve a shared life-long dream with the purchase of a 1964 Stephens 50-foot wooden yacht. They would become lifetime members of the Seattle Yacht Club. John and Camille often sailed to attend the Port Townsend Jazz Festival and to their cabin on the Sunshine Coast in British Columbia.

Patha also had a life-long commitment to public service and served as a member of the King County Arts Commission, the Southwest King County Chamber of Commerce for more than ten years, and the Highline Medical Center Foundation (today the St. Anne Hospital Foundation). Camille was a long-standing member of the Rotary Club of Sea-Tac Tukwila, the Washington Athletic Club, and the Columbia Tower Club.

Patha’s friends, fans, and associates will remember her love of neon-tinged oranges, yellows, fuchsias, and greens that spilled across her canvases and in her clothing choices. She will also be remembered for her charisma and powerful advocacy of her art and humanity.

## Sources


title: Deborah Vernon Hackett

abstract: Deborah Vernon Buller Murphy, best known as Lady Hackett or Lady Moulden, was an Australian community worker, philanthropist, and mining investor.

text:
# Deborah Vernon Hackett

**Deborah Vernon Buller Murphy** (née **Drake-Brockman**, previously **Hackett** and **Moulden**; 18 June 1887 – 16 April 1965), best known as **Lady Hackett** or **Lady Moulden**, was an Australian community worker, philanthropist, and mining investor.

## Early life

Born in West Guildford, Western Australia, on 18 June 1887, she was the daughter of surveyor Frederick Slade Drake-Brockman and heroine Grace Vernon Bussell and younger sister of Edmund Drake-Brockman. She was educated at Guildford Grammar School as one of the few female pupils admitted at that time.

## Marriages and family

On 3 August 1905, at the age of 18, she married Sir John Winthrop Hackett (1848–1916), who was forty years her senior. He was a newspaper proprietor, newspaper editor, and prominent Western Australian politician. They had a son, also named John Winthrop Hackett (later General Sir John Hackett (1910–1997) commander-in-chief of the British Army on the Rhine before becoming principal of King's College London upon retirement), and four daughters. Hackett senior died in 1916 leaving a large estate to his family, and a large endowment to the University of Western Australia.

On 10 April 1918 Lady Hackett, now aged 30, married (later Sir) Frank Beaumont Moulden and moved to Adelaide; she was Lady Mayoress of Adelaide 1919–1921, and became Lady Moulden in 1922. Moulden died after a cerebral haemorrhage on 8 April 1932. "Having no children, he helped to raise his wife's five and the three of his late brother".

On 27 June 1936 she married Basil Buller Murphy, a barrister nine years her junior; she became known as Dr Buller Murphy. He died 10 March 1963. She died at her home, Lordello, (in Kilsyth, Victoria) on 16 April 1965 and was buried in Karrakatta cemetery, Perth.

## Achievements

Lady Hackett helped produce *The Australian Household Guide* of 1916.

In 1923 she became interested in tantalite, a rare mineral found in the Northern Territory and at Wodgina in Western Australia. Tantalite was scarce throughout the world, and the price of tantalum was enormous; she saw the wealth that it could bring to Australia, particularly if it were processed in Australia, but the government was not particularly interested in the idea. She founded Tantalite Ltd which was incorporated in 1932. In World War II her tantalum was used in developing radar; the need for it became so obvious to the previously reluctant Commonwealth government that it resumed Tantalite Ltd for the duration of the war.

In 1932, the University of Western Australia conferred upon her an honorary Doctorate of Laws. The degree was awarded *in absentia*, being unavailable due to the recent death of Sir Frank Moulden.

## Further reading

* Alexander, F. (1963), *Campus at Crawley*
* Murphy, B. Buller (1949), *A Lady of Rare Metal*
* Drake-Brockman, Geoffrey (1960), *The Turning Wheel*, Perth: Paterson Brokensha
* Skinner, M. L. (1972). "The Hacketts". *The Fifth Sparrow*.

## InfoBox

| Deborah Vernon Hackett | |
| --- | --- |
| A portrait of Lady Hackett, painted by Florence Fuller in 1908 | |
| Born | Deborah Vernon Drake-Brockman
18 June 1887
West Guildford, Western Australia |
| Died | 16 April 1965(1965-04-16) (aged 77)
Kilsyth, Victoria |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Other names | Lady Hackett
Lady Moulden
Dr Buller Murphy |
| Occupation | Philanthropist |


title: 2019 City of York Council election

text:
# 2019 City of York Council election

Elections to City of York Council were held on 2 May 2019, as part of the United Kingdom local elections. The election resulted in substantial gains for the Liberal Democrats, who became the largest party, although no party surpassed the 24-seat majority threshold. The Conservatives suffered badly in this election, and lost 12 of the 14 seats they had won at the previous election. The Green Party held all their four seats, and surpassed the Conservatives in the popular vote. Labour gained two seats, although they failed to gain support in rural areas, where voters favoured the Liberal Democrats. On 14 May, The Liberal Democrats and the Green Party announced that they had agreed to run the council in a new 'progressive partnership' coalition, with Green Party leader Andy D'Agorne assuming the role of Deputy Leader of the Council while Liberal Democrat leader Keith Aspden succeeded Ian Gillies as Leader of the Council.

## Background

In October 2015, Dafydd Williams stepped down as leader of the local Labour Party with Janet Looker appointed to the role. Council leader Chris Steward resigned as leader of the Conservative group for health reasons in May 2016 and was replaced by David Carr. Labour Councillors Julie Gunnell and David Levene resigned in 2017 for personal reasons. The seats were retained by Labour candidates Jonny Crawshaw and Michael Pavlovic in the by-elections held in June 2017.

Council Leader David Carr was replaced by Ian Gillies as leader of the Conservative group in January 2018 after losing a vote of no confidence. Labour councillor Sonja Crisp stepped down due to ill health, her seat was retained by Labour candidate Kallum Taylor in February 2018. Former leader David Carr and councillor Susan Mercer resigned from the Conservative Party in February 2018 due to “unbridgeable differences” within the local Conservative group to sit as independents. The makeup of the Council was now 15 Labour, 12 Liberal Democrats, 12 Conservative, four Green and four independent councillors; the Conservative/Liberal Democrat joint administration had a majority of one. Ian Gillies was elected leader of the Council in March. In August Labour councillors Fiona Derbyshire and Hilary Shepherd resigned from the Labour Party to sit as Independent Socialists York, leaving the makeup of the Council as 13 Labour, 12 Liberal Democrats, 12 Conservatives, four Greens and six Independents. In March Liberal Democrat councillor Sheena Jackson resigned from the Liberal Democrats Party to sit as an Independent, leaving the makeup of the Council as 13 Labour, 11 Liberal Democrats, 12 Conservatives, four Greens and seven Independents, leaving the Conservative and Liberal Democrat coalition without a majority for the end of the term.

## Result

| City of York Council | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Party | | Candidates | | | | | | Votes | | | | |
| | Stood | Elected | Gained | Unseated | Net | % of total | % | No. | Net % |
|  | Liberal Democrats | 47 | 21 | 9 | 0 | +9 | 44.7 | 34.5 | 48,247 | +10.6 |
|  | Labour | 47 | 17 | 2 | 0 | +2 | 36.2 | 28.4 | 39,750 | +2.8 |
|  | Green | 47 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.5 | 17.0 | 23,842 | +1.4 |
|  | Independent | 10 | 3 | 2 | 1 | +1 | 6.4 | 3.7 | 5,183 | +0.3 |
|  | Conservative | 47 | 2 | 0 | 12 | -12 | 4.3 | 15.5 | 21,707 | -12.8 |
|  | UKIP | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 662 | -1.9 |
|  | Women's Equality | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 389 | *N/A* |
|  | Socialist Alternative | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 148 | *N/A* |

## Ward results

### Acomb ward

Acomb
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Katie Lomas** | **1,105** | **45.2** | **+16.6** |
|  | **Labour** | **Stuart Barnes** * | **1,021** | **41.8** | **+9.5** |
|  | Conservative | Keith Myers * | 590 | 24.1 | −7.8 |
|  | Independent | Brian Watson † | 465 | 19.0 | *N/A* |
|  | Conservative | Matthew Greenwood | 429 | 17.6 | −7.9 |
|  | Green | Jonathan Pitt | 322 | 13.2 | +2.0 |
|  | Green | Tom Franklin | 270 | 11.0 | +2.5 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Quentin MacDonald ‡ | 202 | 8.3 | −5.8 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Matt Ward-Perkins | 142 | 5.8 | −4.4 |
| Turnout | | | 2,461 | 36.7 | −30.6 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | | |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | | | |

* *Represented the Acomb ward of City of York Council, 2015-2019*  *Represented the Acomb ward of York City Council, 1979–1984, the Guildhall ward of York City Council, 1988–1996, the Acomb division of North Yorkshire County Council, 1981–1989, and the Guildhall ward of City of York Council, 1995-2015*  *Represented the Upper Poppleton ward of City of York Council, 1995–2003, and the Rural West York ward of City of York Council, 2003-2007*

### Bishopthorpe ward

The parishes of Acaster Malbis and Bishopthorpe

Bishopthorpe
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **John Galvin** * | **568** | **33.0** | **−16.3** |
|  | Green | Carole Green | 539 | 31.3 | +25.3 |
|  | Conservative | Michael Nicholls | 360 | 20.9 | −28.4 |
|  | Labour | Bob Scrase † | 155 | 9.0 | −6.7 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Daniel Khan | 99 | 5.8 | +0.2 |
| Turnout | | | 1,721 | 51.6 | −25.9 |
|  | Independent **gain** from Conservative | | | | |

* *Represented the Copmanthorpe ward of City of York Council, 1999–2003, and the Bishopthorpe ward of City of York Council, 2007-2019*  *Represented the Holgate ward of York City Council, 1992–1996, and the Holgate ward of City of York Council, 1995-2003*

### Clifton ward

Clifton
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Danny Myers** * | **1,291** | **58.3** | **+20.7** |
|  | **Labour** | **Margaret Wells** * | **1,126** | **50.8** | **+22.4** |
|  | Green | Alan Dunnett | 408 | 18.4 | +2.5 |
|  | Conservative | Alfie Thomlinson | 374 | 16.9 | −3.1 |
|  | Conservative | Richard Schofield | 342 | 15.4 | −1.6 |
|  | Green | John Walford | 322 | 14.5 | +0.4 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Tobie Abel | 241 | 10.9 | −2.4 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Mark Waudby † | 193 | 8.7 | +1.4 |
| Turnout | | | 2,228 | 33.8 | −26.6 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | | |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | | |

* *Represented the Clifton ward of City of York Council, 2015-2019*  *Represented the Rawcliffe and Skelton ward of City of York Council, 1999–2003, and the Skelton, Rawcliffe, and Clifton Without ward of City of York Council, 2003-2007*

### Copmanthorpe ward

The parish of Copmanthorpe

Copmanthorpe
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **David Carr** * | **662** | **46.2** | **−4.3** |
|  | Conservative | Matthew Freckelton | 258 | 18.0 | −32.5 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Richard Brown | 254 | 17.7 | −8.3 |
|  | Green | Lars Kramm | 159 | 11.1 | +4.2 |
|  | Labour | William Owen | 99 | 6.9 | −9.8 |
| Turnout | | | 1,432 | 42.9 | −32.8 |
|  | Independent **gain** from Conservative | | | | |

* *Represented the Copmanthorpe ward of City of York Council, 2015-2019*  *Represented the Micklegate ward of City of York Council, 2015-2019*

### Dringhouses and Woodthorpe ward

Dringhouses and Woodthorpe
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Stephen Fenton** * | **2,402** | **57.7** | **+17.7** |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Paula Widdowson** | **2,263** | **54.3** | **+7.5** |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Ashley Mason** * | **2,247** | **54.0** | **+18.3** |
|  | Labour | Cathryn Auplish | 705 | 16.9 | −1.8 |
|  | Labour | Tracy White | 681 | 16.4 | −1.1 |
|  | Labour | Graham Gatman | 671 | 16.1 | +0.7 |
|  | Conservative | Amanda Ashman | 463 | 11.1 | −15.0 |
|  | Conservative | David Atkinson | 445 | 10.7 | −13.0 |
|  | Conservative | Timothy Ashman | 425 | 10.2 | −11.8 |
|  | Green | Bronwen Gray | 410 | 9.8 | +0.2 |
|  | Independent | Scott Marmion | 341 | 8.2 | *N/A* |
|  | UKIP | Rob Gray | 318 | 7.6 | −4.3 |
|  | Green | John Gray | 298 | 7.2 | −0.5 |
|  | Green | Ginevra House | 282 | 6.8 | −0.1 |
| Turnout | | | 4,171 | 46.0 | −26.4 |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | | | |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | | | |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | | | |

* *Represented the Dringhouses and Woodthorpe ward of City of York Council, 2015-2019*

### Fishergate ward

Fishergate
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Green** | **Andy D'Agorne** * | **1,553** | **62.4** | **+1.8** |
|  | **Green** | **Dave Taylor** | **1,381** | **55.5** | **+1.5** |
|  | Labour | Barbara Boyce ‡ | 663 | 26.6 | +0.3 |
|  | Labour | Dan Kettlewell | 566 | 22.7 | +1.5 |
|  | Conservative | Stephen Munro | 222 | 8.9 | −7.0 |
|  | Conservative | Robin Willoughby | 169 | 6.8 | −8.7 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Monta Drozdova | 141 | 5.7 | −1.7 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Paul Mulvey | 135 | 5.4 | +1.2 |
| Turnout | | | 2,510 | 44.0 | −22.2 |
|  | Green **hold** | | | | |
|  | Green **hold** | | | | |

* *Represented the Fishergate ward of City of York Council, 2003-2019*  *Represented the Fishergate ward of City of York Council, 2007-2019*  *Represented the Heworth ward of City of York Council, 2009-2019*

### Fulford and Heslington ward

The parish of Fulford and part of the parish of Heslington

Fulford and Heslington
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Keith Aspden** * | **916** | **68.0** | **+12.4** |
|  | Labour | Anne Kerr | 239 | 17.7 | +1.1 |
|  | Green | Susie Taylor | 99 | 7.3 | ±0.0 |
|  | Conservative | Eileen Dickinson | 94 | 7.0 | −13.5 |
| Turnout | | | 1,348 | 49.0 | −21.6 |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | | | |

* *Represented the Fulford ward of City of York Council, 2003–2015, and the Fulford and Heslington ward of City of York Council, 2015-2019*

### Guildhall ward

Guildhall
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Green** | **Denise Craghill** * | **1,492** | **49.3** | **+14.5** |
|  | **Labour** | **Fiona Fitzpatrick** | **1,198** | **39.6** | **+13.7** |
|  | **Labour** | **Janet Looker** | **1,151** | **38.0** | **+8.2** |
|  | Green | June Tranmer | 1,076 | 35.5 | +12.5 |
|  | Labour | James Flinders * | 1,050 | 34.7 | +4.8 |
|  | Green | Danni Makin | 977 | 32.3 | +12.8 |
|  | Conservative | Dawn Argyle | 429 | 14.2 | −8.0 |
|  | Conservative | David Barratt | 409 | 13.5 | −6.9 |
|  | Conservative | Robin Dickson § | 374 | 12.4 | −5.7 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Jamie Butler | 271 | 9.0 | −3.3 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Jack McAteer | 226 | 7.5 | −1.9 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Matthew Smithson | 191 | 6.3 | +1.6 |
| Turnout | | | 3,062 | 35.3 | −18.5 |
|  | Green **hold** | | | | |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | | |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | | |

* *Represented the Guildhall ward of City of York Council, 2015-2019*  *Represented the Hull Road ward of City of York Council, 2011-2015*  *Represented the Guildhall division of North Yorkshire County Council, 1985–1996, and the Guildhall ward of City of York Council, 1995-2019*  § *Represented the Fishergate division of North Yorkshire County Council, 1989-1993*

### Haxby and Wigginton ward

The parishes of Haxby and Wigginton

Haxby and Wigginton
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Ian Cuthbertson** * | **2,872** | **63.7** | **+26.2** |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Andrew Hollyer** | **2,819** | **62.5** | **+28.8** |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Edward Pearson** | **2,806** | **62.2** | **+33.0** |
|  | Conservative | Roy Watson-Smith | 810 | 18.0 | −15.1 |
|  | Conservative | Joe Pattinson | 725 | 16.1 | −20.4 |
|  | Conservative | Margaret Young | 673 | 14.9 | −20.8 |
|  | Independent | Tony Richardson † | 515 | 11.4 | −25.1 |
|  | Independent | Neil Wyatt | 422 | 9.4 | +3.6 |
|  | Green | Jess Dixon | 284 | 6.3 | −2.1 |
|  | Labour | Caroline Hind | 274 | 6.1 | −9.5 |
|  | Labour | Lindsay Walter | 227 | 5.0 | −8.3 |
|  | Labour | Albert Ward | 216 | 4.8 | −8.0 |
|  | Green | Liz Scurfield | 200 | 4.4 | −1.3 |
|  | Green | David Williams | 155 | 3.4 | −1.4 |
| Turnout | | | 4,528 | 47.3 | −24.4 |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | | | |
|  | Liberal Democrats **gain** from Conservative | | | | |
|  | Liberal Democrats **gain** from Conservative | | | | |

* *Represented the Strensall ward of City of York Council, 2003–2007, and the Haxby and Wigginton ward of City of York Council, 2011-2019*  *Represented the Haxby and Wigginton ward of City of York Council, 2011-2019*

### Heworth ward

Heworth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Claire Douglas** | **1,615** | **52.1** | **+16.3** |
|  | **Labour** | **Anna Perrett** | **1,375** | **44.4** | **+9.6** |
|  | **Labour** | **Robert Webb** | **1,308** | **42.2** | **+9.1** |
|  | Green | Nicola Normandale | 629 | 20.3 | +3.0 |
|  | Green | Sabine Janssen-Havercroft | 542 | 17.5 | −3.7 |
|  | Conservative | Teri Rhodes | 527 | 17.0 | −5.8 |
|  | Conservative | George Coxshall | 461 | 14.9 | −9.1 |
|  | Conservative | Jacob Groet | 451 | 14.6 | +10.0 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Steve Jones | 424 | 13.7 | −5.7 |
|  | Green | Andy Wilson | 407 | 13.1 | −1.9 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Jonathan Morley * | 392 | 12.6 | +1.1 |
|  | Women's Equality | Sally Duffin | 389 | 12.6 | *N/A* |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Ben Rich | 272 | 8.8 | +1.1 |
|  | Socialist Alternative | Nigel Smith | 148 | 4.8 | −1.6 |
| Turnout | | | 3,150 | 33.5 | −27.8 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | | |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | | |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | | |

* *Represented the Osbaldwick / Heworth division of North Yorkshire County Council, 1985–1996, and the Osbaldwick ward of City of York Council, 1999-2011*

### Heworth Without ward

The parish of Heworth Without

Heworth Without
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Nigel Ayre** * | **1,318** | **75.8** | **+23.4** |
|  | Conservative | Brannan Coady | 160 | 9.2 | −13.1 |
|  | Labour | Andrew Garbutt | 136 | 7.8 | −6.0 |
|  | Green | Alison Webb | 124 | 7.1 | +1.6 |
| Turnout | | | 1,738 | 52.1 | −23.8 |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | | | |

* *Represented the Heworth Without ward of City of York Council, 2007-2019*

### Holgate ward

Holgate
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Kallum Taylor** * | **2,013** | **58.0** | **+24.1** |
|  | **Labour** | **Rachel Melly** | **1,801** | **51.9** | **+20.2** |
|  | **Labour** | **David Heaton** | **1,787** | **51.5** | **+23.7** |
|  | Green | Andreas Heinemeyer | 641 | 18.5 | +3.7 |
|  | Green | Pam Hanley | 601 | 17.3 | −2.5 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Emma Keef | 574 | 16.5 | +0.7 |
|  | Green | Caleb Rowan | 540 | 15.6 | +2.0 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Emilie Knight | 460 | 13.3 | +0.1 |
|  | Conservative | Janet Powell | 418 | 12.0 | −11.6 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Aileen Hingston | 399 | 11.5 | −1.1 |
|  | Conservative | Tet Powell | 367 | 10.6 | −8.4 |
|  | Conservative | Sophie Burn | 338 | 9.7 | −5.2 |
| Turnout | | | 3,503 | 38.3 | −27.4 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | | |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | | |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | | |

* *Represented the Holgate ward of City of York Council, 2018-2019*

### Hull Road ward

Part of the parish of Heslington

Hull Road
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour Co-op** | **Aisling Musson** | **1,032** | **45.9** | **+9.4** |
|  | **Labour Co-op** | **Michael Pavlovic** * | **979** | **43.5** | **+13.0** |
|  | **Labour Co-op** | **George Norman** | **912** | **40.6** | **+11.4** |
|  | Green | Patrick Thelwell | 626 | 27.8 | +9.0 |
|  | Green | John Cossham | 523 | 23.3 | −2.4 |
|  | Green | Candy Spillard | 400 | 17.8 | +2.2 |
|  | Conservative | Jordan Hennessy | 328 | 14.6 | −7.2 |
|  | Conservative | Robert Ward | 322 | 14.3 | −8.6 |
|  | Conservative | Carl Mellor | 304 | 13.5 | −9.1 |
|  | Independent | Hilary Shepherd † | 268 | 11.9 | −18.6 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Katharine Macy | 263 | 11.7 | +0.6 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Chris Small | 253 | 11.3 | +2.3 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Ian Murphy | 187 | 8.3 | ±0.0 |
| Turnout | | | 2,264 | 30.7 | −14.0 |
|  | Labour Co-op **hold** | | | | |
|  | Labour Co-op **hold** | | | | |
|  | Labour Co-op **hold** | | | | |

* *Represented the Hull Road ward of City of York Council, 2017-2019*  *Represented the Hull Road ward of City of York Council, 2015-2019*

### Huntington and New Earswick ward

The parishes of Huntington and New Earswick

Huntington and New Earswick
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Keith Orrell** * | **2,114** | **57.1** | **+12.0** |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Carol Runciman** | **2,087** | **56.3** | **+12.3** |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Chris Cullwick** | **2,075** | **56.0** | **+11.3** |
|  | Labour | Chloe Anderson | 710 | 19.2 | −3.1 |
|  | Labour | Ian Craven | 668 | 18.0 | +0.2 |
|  | Labour | Wendy Loveday | 624 | 16.8 | −0.9 |
|  | Green | Clive Woolley | 385 | 10.4 | +0.7 |
|  | Green | Martina Weitsch | 372 | 10.0 | +1.1 |
|  | Conservative | Fiona Duncan | 350 | 9.4 | −12.3 |
|  | UKIP | Sandra Fairley | 344 | 9.3 | *N/A* |
|  | Green | Charles Everett | 312 | 8.4 | −2.4 |
|  | Conservative | Sally Page | 310 | 8.4 | −11.4 |
|  | Conservative | Benjamin Tait | 296 | 8.0 | −9.7 |
| Turnout | | | 3,719 | 38.1 | −25.6 |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | | | |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | | | |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | | | |

* *Represented the Huntington and New Earswick ward of City of York Council, 2003-2019*  *Represented the Huntington and New Earswick ward of City of York Council, 1999-2019*  *Represented the Huntington and New Earswick ward of City of York Council, 2015-2019*

### Micklegate ward

Micklegate
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Jonny Crawshaw** * | **2,408** | **54.9** | **+19.2** |
|  | **Green** | **Rosie Baker** | **1,954** | **44.6** | **+16.0** |
|  | **Labour** | **Pete Kilbane** | **1,913** | **43.6** | **+19.6** |
|  | Labour | Sandi Redpath | 1,746 | 39.8 | +18.0 |
|  | Green | Sam Biram | 1,313 | 29.9 | +7.2 |
|  | Green | Vera Gool | 1,052 | 24.0 | +1.7 |
|  | Conservative | John Brewin | 457 | 10.4 | −9.5 |
|  | Conservative | Jennie Gambold | 449 | 10.2 | −6.3 |
|  | Conservative | Bill Gambold | 436 | 9.9 | −6.4 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Carlotta Allum | 407 | 9.3 | +2.6 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Kate Webster | 349 | 8.0 | +1.1 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Christopher Gammie | 293 | 6.7 | +2.4 |
| Turnout | | | 4,420 | 48.0 | −21.5 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | | |
|  | Labour **gain** from Independent | | | | |
|  | Green **hold** | | | | |

* *Represented the Micklegate ward of City of York Council, 2017-2019*

### Osbaldwick and Derwent ward

The parishes of Dunnington, Holtby, Kexby, Murton, and Osbaldwick

Osbaldwick and Derwent
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Mark Warters** * | **1,293** | **49.9** | **+22.7** |
|  | **Conservative** | **Martin Rowley** | **755** | **29.1** | **−17.3** |
|  | Conservative | John Zimnoch | 511 | 19.7 | −7.4 |
|  | Green | Ginnie Shaw | 506 | 19.5 | +10.2 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Ian Eiloart | 325 | 12.5 | −9.3 |
|  | Labour | Kevin Farnsworth | 325 | 12.5 | −3.4 |
|  | Labour | Lata Narayanaswamy | 300 | 11.6 | +0.9 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | James Blanchard | 263 | 10.1 | +0.3 |
|  | Green | Paul Hutchinson | 229 | 8.8 | +1.6 |
| Turnout | | | 2,600 | 41.3 | −30.2 |
|  | Independent **hold** | | | | |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | | | |

* *Represented the Osbaldwick ward of City of York Council, 2011–2015, and the Osbaldwick and Derwent ward of City of York Council, 2015-2019*

### Rawcliffe and Clifton Without ward

The parishes of Clifton Without and Rawcliffe

Rawcliffe and Clifton Without
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Darryl Smalley** | **2,219** | **56.1** | **+30.9** |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Derek Wann** | **2,149** | **54.4** | **+29.5** |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Sam Waudby** | **2,128** | **53.8** | **+31.3** |
|  | Conservative | Charlotte Milligan | 746 | 18.9 | −11.6 |
|  | Labour | Rebecca Fewtrell | 729 | 18.4 | −6.2 |
|  | Conservative | Peter Dew * | 721 | 18.2 | −19.0 |
|  | Conservative | Stuart Rawlings * | 711 | 18.0 | −15.4 |
|  | Labour | Dave Merrett † | 692 | 17.5 | −5.6 |
|  | Labour | Will Bossman | 642 | 16.2 | −5.4 |
|  | Green | Jill Armstrong | 295 | 7.5 | −1.4 |
|  | Green | Andy Dearden | 281 | 7.1 | +0.3 |
|  | Green | Rod Bell | 211 | 5.3 | −2.4 |
| Turnout | | | 3,997 | 41.8 | −23.7 |
|  | Liberal Democrats **gain** from Conservative | | | | |
|  | Liberal Democrats **gain** from Conservative | | | | |
|  | Liberal Democrats **gain** from Conservative | | | | |

* *Represented the Rawcliffe and Clifton Without ward of City of York Council, 2015-2019*  *Represented the Bishophill ward of York City Council, 1982–1996, the Bishophill ward of City of York Council, 1995–2003, and the Micklegate ward of City of York Council, 2003-2015*

### Rural West York ward

The parishes of Askham Bryan, Askham Richard, Hessay, Nether Poppleton, Rufforth with Knapton, Skelton, and Upper Poppleton

Rural West York
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Anne Hook** | **1,570** | **54.4** | **+32.6** |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **James Barker** | **1,260** | **43.6** | **+33.9** |
|  | Conservative | Robin Garland | 1,019 | 35.3 | −16.4 |
|  | Conservative | Chris Steward * | 952 | 33.0 | −10.7 |
|  | Labour | Andrew Carter | 233 | 8.1 | −6.0 |
|  | Green | Ginevra Gordon | 214 | 7.4 | −0.5 |
|  | Labour | Mark Windmill | 206 | 7.1 | −4.4 |
|  | Green | Mark Havercroft | 171 | 5.9 | −1.7 |
| Turnout | | | 2,908 | 48.5 | −25.0 |
|  | Liberal Democrats **gain** from Conservative | | | | |
|  | Liberal Democrats **gain** from Conservative | | | | |

* *Represented the Rural West York ward of City of York Council, 2011-2019*

### Strensall ward

The parishes of Earswick, Stockton-on-the-Forest, and Strensall with Towthorpe

Strensall
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Tony Fisher** * | **1,200** | **51.5** | **+20.1** |
|  | **Conservative** | **Paul Doughty** | **960** | **41.2** | **−13.6** |
|  | Conservative | Sian Wiseman ‡ | 814 | 35.0 | −8.3 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Danielle Mason | 738 | 31.7 | +13.9 |
|  | Labour | Paul Clarke | 213 | 9.1 | −4.8 |
|  | Green | Catherine Love | 211 | 9.1 | +3.5 |
|  | Green | Ross Bennett | 183 | 7.9 | +0.7 |
|  | Labour | Liam Penny | 182 | 7.8 | −4.4 |
| Turnout | | | 2,347 | 37.1 | −30.3 |
|  | Liberal Democrats **gain** from Conservative | | | | |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | | | |

* *Represented the Haxby West ward of Ryedale District Council, 1987-1996*  *Represented the Strensall ward of City of York Council, 2011-2019*  *Represented the Strensall ward of City of York Council, 2007-2015*

### Westfield ward

Westfield
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Andrew Waller** * | **2,048** | **59.4** | **+10.3** |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Sue Hunter** | **1,870** | **54.3** | **+13.7** |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Simon Daubeney** | **1,653** | **48.0** | **+11.9** |
|  | Labour | Louise Corson | 945 | 27.4 | +0.6 |
|  | Labour | Jason Rose | 870 | 25.3 | +0.2 |
|  | Labour | Fasil Demsash | 836 | 24.3 | +4.0 |
|  | Independent | Sheena Jackson † | 316 | 9.2 | −16.9 |
|  | Green | Sebastian Butterworth | 288 | 8.4 | −0.9 |
|  | Green | Jonathan Tyler | 245 | 7.1 | −4.0 |
|  | Green | Mikael Hanson | 226 | 6.6 | −3.2 |
|  | Conservative | James Blenkinsop | 178 | 5.2 | −8.0 |
|  | Conservative | Charles Brooks | 174 | 5.1 | −8.3 |
|  | Conservative | Samuel Lisle | 144 | 4.2 | −7.0 |
| Turnout | | | 3,476 | 35.3 | −23.2 |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | | | |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | | | |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | | | |

* *Represented the Westfield ward of York City Council, 1994–1996, and the Westfield ward of City of York Council, 1999–2011 and 2014-2019*  *Represented the Westfield ward of City of York Council, 2015-2019*

### Wheldrake ward

The parishes of Deighton, Elvington, Naburn, and Wheldrake

Wheldrake
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Christian Vassie** * | **537** | **34.1** | **+23.1** |
|  | Conservative | Wesley Coultas | 457 | 29.1 | −35.0 |
|  | Independent | Suzie Mercer † | 333 | 21.2 | −42.9 |
|  | Green | William Dyson | 134 | 8.5 | −0.6 |
|  | Labour | Jon Hughes | 112 | 7.1 | −8.7 |
| Turnout | | | 1,573 | 49.3 | −27.1 |
|  | Liberal Democrats **gain** from Conservative | | | | |

* *Represented the Wheldrake ward of City of York Council, 2003-2011*  *Represented the Wheldrake ward of City of York Council, 2015-2019*

## InfoBox

2019 City of York Council election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  All 47 seats to City of York Council<br>24 seats needed for a majority | |
| First party Second party   Leader Keith Aspden Janet Looker  Party Liberal Democrats Labour  Leader's seat Fulford and Heslington Guildhall  Last election 12 15  Seats before 11 13  Seats won **21** 17  Seat change  9  2  Popular vote **48,247** 39,750  Percentage **34.5%** 28.4%  Swing  10.6%  2.8%   ---  Third party Fourth party   Leader Andy D'Agorne Ian Gillies (retiring)  Party Green Conservative  Leader's seat Fishergate Rural West York  Last election 4 14  Seats before 4 10  Seats won 4 2  Seat change   12  Popular vote 23,842 21,707  Percentage 17.0% 15.5%  Swing  1.4%  12.8% | |
| ---  Map of results of 2019 election | |
| ---  **Leader before election**<br>Ian Gillies<br>Conservative **Leader** <br>Keith Aspden<br>Liberal Democrat | |


title: Varshilo

abstract: Varshilo is a village in Sozopol Municipality, in Burgas Province, in southeastern Bulgaria.

text:
# Varshilo

**Varshilo** is a village in Sozopol Municipality, in Burgas Province, in southeastern Bulgaria.

## InfoBox

| Varshilo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Varshilo | |
| Coordinates: 42°15′N 27°22′E / 42.250°N 27.367°E / 42.250; 27.367 | |
| Country | Bulgaria |
| Province | Burgas Province |
| Municipality | Sozopol Municipality |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Chenhalls

abstract: Chenhalls is a hamlet in the parish of St Erth, Cornwall, England. It is situated about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) north-east of the village of St Erth. Chenhalls lies on the east bank of the river Hayle at about 3 metres (9.8 ft) above sea level.

text:
# Chenhalls

**Chenhalls** is a hamlet in the parish of St Erth (where the 2011 census was included), Cornwall, England. It is situated about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) north-east of the village of St Erth. Chenhalls lies on the east bank of the river Hayle at about 3 metres (9.8 ft) above sea level.

## InfoBox

| Chenhalls | |
| --- | --- |
| ChenhallsLocation within Cornwall | |
| OS grid reference | SW551356 |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | HAYLE |
| Postcode district | TR27 |
| Dialling code | 01736 |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Ced-Gee

abstract: Cedric "Ced-Gee" Miller is an American hip hop producer and rapper from the Bronx, New York. He is best known as a member of Ultramagnetic MCs. He received special thanks for his production on Boogie Down Productions' Criminal Minded, and he produced Tim Dog's "Fuck Compton". He has also worked alongside Antoinette, Bill Cosby, Blak Prophetz, Doug E. Fresh, Jeff Redd, Paperboy, Spaceman Patterson, Sybil, and Treacherous Three. Ced-Gee has held positions as an A&R man and staff producer, a producer for Next Plateau Records, Wild Pitch Records, Mercury Records, Ruffhouse Records, Roadrunner Records, and Uptown Records.

text:
# Ced-Gee

**Cedric** "**Ced-Gee**" **Miller** (born 1963) is an American hip hop producer and rapper from the Bronx, New York. He is best known as a member of Ultramagnetic MCs. He received special thanks for his production on Boogie Down Productions' *Criminal Minded*, and he produced Tim Dog's "Fuck Compton". He has also worked alongside Antoinette, Bill Cosby, Blak Prophetz, Doug E. Fresh, Jeff Redd, Paperboy, Spaceman Patterson, Sybil, and Treacherous Three.

Ced-Gee has held positions as an A&R man and staff producer, a producer for Next Plateau Records, Wild Pitch Records, Mercury Records, Ruffhouse Records, Roadrunner Records, and Uptown Records.

## Discography

### Solo

**Studio albums**

* 2004 – *The Underground Show EP* (CD) (The Factshen)

**Singles**

* 1998 – "Long Gev/The Impossible" (12") (3-2-1 Records)

### With Ultramagnetic MCs

### Notable production credits and guest appearances

**Albums**

**Songs**

"Ced Gee". *Discogs*.

## InfoBox

| Ced Gee | |
| --- | --- |
| Ced-Gee performing on October 1, 2011 in Asbury Park, New Jersey. | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Cedric Ulmont Miller |
| Also known as | Delta Force One |
| Born | (1963-08-13) August 13, 1963 |
| Origin | The Bronx, New York City, U.S. |
| Genres |  |
| Occupations |  |
| Instruments |  |
| Years active | 1984–present |
| Labels | Next Plateau Records |
| Member of | Ultramagnetic MCs |
|  | |
| Website | cedgee.com |


title: Żelazny Most (lake)

abstract: Żelazny Most Reservoir is the largest sump reservoir of froth in Europe, owned by KGHM Polska Miedź. The name of the reservoir comes from the nearby village of Żelazny Most, located 3.4 kilometres south-west of the reservoir; with the village of Rudna to the east of the reservoir. The reservoir's construction began in 1974, and exploitation on February 12, 1977. The construction of the reservoir included the destruction of the villages of Barszów, Kalinówka, and Pielgrzymów. The site is the largest tailings dam in Europe.

text:
# Żelazny Most (lake)

**Żelazny Most Reservoir** is the largest sump reservoir of froth (copper mining tailings dam) in Europe, owned by KGHM Polska Miedź.

The name of the reservoir comes from the nearby village of Żelazny Most, located 3.4 kilometres south-west of the reservoir; with the village of Rudna to the east of the reservoir.

The reservoir's construction began in 1974, and exploitation (and the completion of the reservoir's construction) on February 12, 1977. The construction of the reservoir included the destruction of the villages of Barszów, Kalinówka, and Pielgrzymów.

The site is the largest tailings dam in Europe.

## InfoBox

| Żelazny Most Reservoir | |
| --- | --- |
| Żelazny Most Reservoir | |
| Żelazny Most Reservoir | |
| Coordinates | 51°31′12″N 16°12′00″E / 51.52000°N 16.20000°E / 51.52000; 16.20000 |
| Type | reservoir |
| Basin countries | Poland |
|  | |
| Max. length | 2.2 km (1.4 mi) |
| Max. width | 1.4 km (0.87 mi) |
| Surface area | 13.9 km2 (5.4 sq mi) |
| Average depth | 2.5 m (8.2 ft) |
| Max. depth | 2.5 m (8.2 ft) |
| Water volume | 8,000,000 m3 (6,500 acre⋅ft) |
| Surface elevation | 0.1 m (0.33 ft) |