title: Erland Cullberg

abstract: Johan Erland Cullberg was a Swedish artist. He lived and worked in the city of Sollentuna, Sweden. He was the son of Eva Carin Maria Virgin and Bishop John Cullberg, a professor and theologian. His siblings are Johan Cullberg, professor, researcher and author of psychiatry, and Staffan Cullberg, former head of the Swedish National Arts Council. Cullberg studied from 1955 until 1957 at the Academy of Fine Arts in Stockholm and also at Valand Art Academy in Gothenburg in 1956. During this period, he was diagnosed with schizophrenia. Cullberg termed his condition as "a widespread mental cold". Cullberg also studied under and maintained a friendship with the artist Evert Lundquist who is considered to be a central figure in Swedish art. Cullberg has continually been represented in various national and international auctions during his lifetime, and since his death, however, his works have recently garnered renewed interest culminating in the highest auction records to date. In 2021, Cullberg's "Red Figures", a large scale and richly colored work, reached a world record for the artist. Similar records have been achieved since 2020.

text:
# Erland Cullberg

**Johan Erland Cullberg** (5 April 1931 – 13 April 2012) was a Swedish artist. He lived and worked in the city of Sollentuna, Sweden. He was the son of Eva Carin Maria Virgin (who worked in a manner similar to a Chinese "barefoot doctor") and Bishop John Cullberg, a professor and theologian. His siblings are Johan Cullberg, professor, researcher and author of psychiatry, and Staffan Cullberg, former head of the Swedish National Arts Council.

Cullberg studied from 1955 until 1957 at the Academy of Fine Arts in Stockholm and also at Valand Art Academy in Gothenburg in 1956. During this period, he was diagnosed with schizophrenia. Cullberg termed his condition as "a widespread mental cold". Cullberg also studied under and maintained a friendship with the artist Evert Lundquist who is considered to be a central figure in Swedish art.

Cullberg has continually been represented in various national and international auctions during his lifetime, and since his death, however, his works have recently garnered renewed interest culminating in the highest auction records to date. In 2021, Cullberg's "Red Figures", a large scale and richly colored work, reached a world record for the artist. Similar records have been achieved since 2020.

## Inspiration, style and method of artistic work

Cullberg found inspiration in the works of El Greco, Carl Fredrik Hill, and Ernst Josephson but was particularly inspired by Edvard Munch. Artist and art critic Leif Mattsson has written, much like Munch, Cullberg repeated his forms so that they became forms the viewer "had experienced". Cullberg had stated that he used color like Munch and that he was an "apostate" of Picasso.

Cullberg's style was generally considered to be that of expressionism or even termed "colorful expressionism". His method, or style of painting, was unusual. When, or if, the motif of the painting had become too realistic, Cullberg would begin a process of painting over them. His style/method of painting motif over motif and his dense and copious use of color over color earned him the moniker of "the over-painter". While the moniker "over-painter" was a somewhat humorous one, it was not derogatory; Cullberg was also termed "Sweden's Rembrandt". Cullberg explained his rationale for "over-painting"; it was a process by which he could artistically deal with a color that was too cynical or realistic. When he over-painted these colors and transformed them, he was happy. Cullberg stated that the process of modulating the colors through over-painting, and thereby achieving his desired result, gave him a "tremendous satisfaction." He would often paint several canvases at one time. He would move back and forth between the canvases, painting his motifs one on top of the other. The only problem Cullberg found with this method was in obtaining the necessary amounts of raw materials to create a large number of works. These canvases were sent to his art dealers who would then sort through the paintings in an effort to determine which were of exceptional quality. The paintings that were not accepted were then sent back to Cullberg. He would continue the process by painting over these returned works. The "over-painting" was deliberate, Cullberg knew when a painting was finished and when he had achieved his goal, his over-painting was one part of his artistic process. This technique enabled him to create many conversations, often somewhat hidden and obscured, within his finished works. Art critic Anders Olsson suggested that Cullburg's over-painting was something of a controlled destructive process which ultimately allowed, "a new vision upon the by now soiled vision." Cullberg had become his artwork's creator, destroyer and then its re-creator.

Cullberg's work can also be seen as a precursor to the works of Jean-Michel Basquiat in their use of complex iconography, though Cullberg's use may have relied on inherent concepts rather than the historical reference points used by Basquiat.

## Cullberg's "The Scream"

Cullberg's "The Scream" demonstrates his inspiration from, and his admiration of, Edvard Munch's artistry. Cullberg's painting is based upon Munch's iconic painting of the same name. Munch himself, and many in his family, had experienced mental conditions and situational instabilities inclusive of what appeared to be symptoms of schizophrenia. "The Scream" is generally interpreted as a visual metaphor used by Munch to express his own mental instability, personal failures, and anxieties. The exact nature of the work and subsequently its interpretations continue to make for a lively discourse. Shortly after painting "The Scream", Munch entered a mental health facility as he had been hearing "voices". Perhaps beyond an artistic kinship, given his own mental health issues, Cullberg may have felt a level of identification with the intent and circumstances which led Munch to produce "The Scream". In Cullberg's version, the central motif is recreated within his own style, becoming a work of Cullberg, as opposed to Cullberg reproducing only a copy of Munch's work.

## "Ängladyk"

Cullberg seemed to believe, or at least to suggest a belief, in external metaphysical forces which, at times, assisted him in the creation of his works. This belief has been suggested, or alluded to, by many artists. Wassily Kandinsky's works often dealt with metaphysical representations. The Northern European "Romanticists" produced "intensity meditative images" which sought to channel their own inner spiritual truth(s). Perhaps, the concept was taken the furthest by Hilma af Klint. Klint produced the first truly abstract artworks known; she developed her artwork in what she believed was direct communication with the metaphysical world through seance and automatic writing. Art critic Susanna Slöör shares one story about Cullberg and the metaphysical world. Cullberg had received a visit from a fellow artist who commented on the success of a particular painting. Cullberg is said to have stated, emphatically, that the work was an "Ängladyk". "Ängla, dyk", translated to English, means "angel dive" (the work was driven by angels/metaphysical forces). Slöör, in writing about the possible connotation of this suggestion by Cullberg, compared it to a belief held by monks who painted religious pictures with the faith, or hope, that the divine would lead them to successfully produce their religious artworks. The monks had thus become a channel for use by the divine. In applying the concept to modern day artists who might attribute their work to such a metaphysical interaction, Slöör suggests such a moment usually occurs when the artist completes a successful work but is not able to explain precisely to themselves or others how they achieved it. In 1977, Cullberg perhaps returned to, or confirmed this belief when he produced a work titled "Ängladyk". "Ängladyk" was included in his exhibition at Konstakademien, Salarna, Stockholm. Other works in the exhibition included "Shelly's Death" (1979), "Unknown Poet" (1982) and "The Wizard's Pupil" (2007).

## Emergence of mental difficulties

In 2018, Cullberg's sibling Dr. Johan Cullberg recalled the night in 1956 when Erland Cullberg was discovered outside his home in Stockholm. Erland, barely able to speak, had claimed he had spoken to both Picasso and Mozart. Johan began the process to commit Erland for psychiatric care. Erland was placed in Beckomberga, a mental facility in Bromma. When Johan next visited Erland, he was horrified to find him tied to a bed and in an unsanitary state. This would cause Johan to have a deep dislike of Beckomberga and may have contributed to his lifelong passion for developing supportive and reasonable care for those facing mental issues. Erland would receive in excess of one hundred Electroconvulsive therapy sessions along with high doses of medication. Despite the treatment, Erland remained depressed. In 1961, Johan would become a psychiatrist and eventually would take over Erland's treatment and successfully lower his medication levels. Throughout the ordeal, Erland continued to paint.

## Artwork in context of Cullberg's mental illness and life(style)

Many have considered the impact that schizophrenia may have had on his art. Art critic Leif Mattsson premised that, for Cullberg, it was both "his muse and his cross"; his perception of the "supersensible and labile" created "redemption" but it also imprisoned him. Art critic and commentator Olle Granath wrote that some had "romanticized" Cullberg as a reclusive artist with a mental disease. Granath felt that Cullberg's artworks stood on their own merits and should not be overly contextualized within a framework of his life and his illness.

## Cullberg interview highlights

In 1980, Anders Widoff spoke with Cullberg in his studio. The artist spoke about his personal life and his artwork. Cullberg recalled his father and what he seemed to feel were his own failings in regards to his father's teaching. Cullberg's father was a Bishop of the Diocese of Västerås. Cullberg felt he was born in the same light as Jesus but had now become inferior to him saying, "if you step off that light, then it's down to hell direct". Cullberg went on to suggest that such a theme might be a good one for a painting. He imagined the motif as a "machine that gobbles up people." Cullberg claimed that he did not distinguish between good and evil himself.

Cullberg made a distinction between his drawing and sketching and that of his painting. Although much of his drawing or sketching was related to his painting style, he nonetheless found that when drawing he would, or could, face a "crisis situation". However, in painting, Cullberg added humorously that he would become a "real bastard with the colors". He described his painting multiple canvases simultaneously as "feast days".

Cullberg believed that when others saw both him and his works, they would recognize that he was trying to create, "some sort of flint-hard spiritual being...which can burst and become a song."

For all of his success and his recognition, Cullberg simply "wished" to go to Hawaii. For him, going to Hawaii meant new clothes and music. In Hawaii, there is "song in the air."

## Public recognition

Cullberg had exhibited his work since 1961. After his debut, he continued to exhibit, almost yearly, at institutions and private galleries. A total of forty-seven solo exhibitions were held between the years of 1961 and 1985. He was well known by fellow artists. He and his work had developed a kind of "mythological" status, particularly in his use of color, among his peers. His breakthrough with the general public occurred during the 1980s. He participated in a traveling exhibition that was shown in Sweden at numerous art institutes and was well received by the public. The exhibition then traveled to Centre Culturel Suédois in Paris. His breakthrough was further secured in 1986 when the Moderna Museet held a widely recognized/publicized exhibition of his works. The Moderna Museet also named Cullberg "Artist of the Year". In 2008, one of Cullberg's last full-scale public exhibitions took place at the Academy of Fine Arts in Stockholm.

In the 1980s, artist Anders Widoff filmed a documentary on Cullberg. The documentary, "Övermålaren (The Painter)" was filmed at the artist's studio. The film addressed Cullberg's near obsession with painting, his work, his method of painting and his schizophrenia.

On October 14, 2016, The Erland Cullberg Park was dedicated. The park has been described as a small oasis in Tureberg (a municipality in Sollentuna). Both siblings of Cullberg were in attendance as well as political party members of all "blocs". Also in attendance was Göran Lager, the man who initially rented Cullberg his studio in Sollentuna where Cullberg would reside until his death.

In May, 2019, siblings Staffan and Johan established the Erland Cullberg scholarship for young artists.

## Museum representation

Nationalmuseum, Stocholm, Sweden; Moderna Museum, Stockholm, Sweden; Göteborgs konstmuseum, Göteborgs, Sweden; Borås konstmuseum, Borås, Sweden; Östergötland Länsmuseum, Linköping, Sweden; Norrköpings Museum, Norrköping, Sweden; Västerås konstmuseum, Västerås, Sweden; Åbo konstmuseum, Turku, Finland; Statens Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark; Museum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte der hansestadt Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.


title: Ernest Sprague

abstract: Ernest Marshall Sprague was an American football player, public official, and engineer. He was born in 1865 on a farm at Farmington, Michigan. He was the son of Lorenzo Sprague and Laura G. (Meade) Sprague. He enrolled at the University of Michigan where he played college football as a rusher for the 1886 Michigan Wolverines football team and as a left guard for the 1887 team. After graduating from Michigan in 1888, Sprague was an engineer with the Chicago & Northwestern Railway. He remained in that position until 1895. He next worked for the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western Railroad as a general inspector from approximately 1895 to 1897. His next position was with the Detroit Bridge & Iron Works. He moved to Denver, Colorado, as a representative of the Gillett Herzog Manufacturing Company in 1898. In 1900, he became employed with the American Bridge Company in Denver from 1900 to 1903. In 1903, he moved to Cleveland, Ohio where he continued to work for the American Bridge Company as a contracting engineer. As of 1915, he was the construction manager of the American Bridge Co. in Cleveland, Ohio. He moved to East Cleveland, Ohio in 1905 and was a member of that city's city council and a city commissioner for several years. He served on East Cleveland's City Commission from 1918 to 1934. He married Maude L. Sill in Colorado in 1902. They had two children, Robert and Jean. At the time of the 1920 and 1930 U.S. Censuses, he lived in East Cleveland, Ohio, with his wife Maude. Sprague later worked for 18 years as a construction manager for Bethlehem Steel. He died in Cleveland at age 73 in 1938.

text:
# Ernest Sprague

**Ernest Marshall Sprague** (October 20, 1865  May 10, 1938) was an American football player, public official, and engineer. He was born in 1865 on a farm at Farmington, Michigan. He was the son of Lorenzo Sprague and Laura G. (Meade) Sprague. He enrolled at the University of Michigan where he played college football as a rusher for the 1886 Michigan Wolverines football team and as a left guard for the 1887 team. After graduating from Michigan in 1888, Sprague was an engineer with the Chicago & Northwestern Railway. He remained in that position until 1895. He next worked for the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western Railroad as a general inspector from approximately 1895 to 1897. His next position was with the Detroit Bridge & Iron Works. He moved to Denver, Colorado, as a representative of the Gillett Herzog Manufacturing Company in 1898. In 1900, he became employed with the American Bridge Company in Denver from 1900 to 1903. In 1903, he moved to Cleveland, Ohio where he continued to work for the American Bridge Company as a contracting engineer. As of 1915, he was the construction manager of the American Bridge Co. in Cleveland, Ohio. He moved to East Cleveland, Ohio in 1905 and was a member of that city's city council and a city commissioner for several years. He served on East Cleveland's City Commission from 1918 to 1934. He married Maude L. Sill in Colorado in 1902. They had two children, Robert and Jean. At the time of the 1920 and 1930 U.S. Censuses, he lived in East Cleveland, Ohio, with his wife Maude. Sprague later worked for 18 years as a construction manager for Bethlehem Steel. He died in Cleveland at age 73 in 1938.

## InfoBox

| Ernest Sprague | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | October 20, 1865
Farmington, Michigan |
| Died | May 10, 1938(1938-05-10) (aged 72)
Cleveland, Ohio |
| Citizenship | United States |
| Alma mater | University of Michigan |
| Known for | Football player/Engineer |


title: Ernest Spiteri-Gonzi

abstract: Ernest Spiteri-Gonzi is a retired footballer who played as a striker. Born in England, he played for the Malta national team.

text:
# Ernest Spiteri-Gonzi

**Ernest Spiteri-Gonzi** (born 21 October 1955) is a retired footballer who played as a striker. Born in England, he played for the Malta national team.

## Club career

During his club career, Spiteri-Gonzi played for Hibernians. He twice became Maltese top goalscorer, in the 1980–81 and 1981–82 seasons. He was also voted Maltese Player of the Year in the 1981–82 season.

## International career

Spieri-Gonzi has played for Malta and has earned a total of 20 caps, scoring 3 goals. He has represented his country in 4 FIFA World Cup qualification matches. On 18 March 1979, in a match against Turkey, he scored the first Maltese international goal in 17 years.

## InfoBox

Ernest Spiteri-Gonzi
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1955-10-21) 21 October 1955 | | |
| Place of birth | Aldershot, England | | |
| Height | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Striker | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1974–1983 | Hibernians | 184 | (86) |
| International career | | | |
| 1978–1983 | Malta | 20 | (3) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 5 October 2009<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 5 October 2009 | | | |


title: Esenbeckia (fly)

abstract: Esenbeckia is a genus of neotropical horse flies in the family Tabanidae.

text:
# Esenbeckia (fly)

***Esenbeckia*** is a genus of neotropical horse flies in the family Tabanidae.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Esenbeckia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tabanidae |
| Subfamily: | Pangoniinae |
| Tribe: | Pangoniini |
| Genus: | *Esenbeckia*
Rondani, 1863 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Silvius vulpes*
Wiedemann, 1828 | |
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Ermiş, Amasya

abstract: Ermiş is a village in the Amasya District, Amasya Province, Turkey. Its population is 371 (2021).

text:
# Ermiş, Amasya

**Ermiş** (formerly: *Vermiş*) is a village in the Amasya District, Amasya Province, Turkey. Its population is 371 (2021).

## InfoBox

| Ermiş | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| ErmişLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 40°38′N 35°52′E / 40.633°N 35.867°E / 40.633; 35.867 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Amasya |
| District | Amasya |
| Population (2021) | 371 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Espers (comics)

abstract: Espers is a creator-owned American science fiction/superhero comic book series created and written by James D. Hudnall. It centers on a disparate group of people with various psychic powers who are brought together under duress and later coalesce as a team. The series was first published by Eclipse Comics in 1985, and most recently published by Image Comics in 1998.

text:
# Espers (comics)

***Espers*** (sometimes styled as ***ESPers***) is a creator-owned American science fiction/superhero comic book series created and written by James D. Hudnall. It centers on a disparate group of people with various psychic powers who are brought together under duress and later coalesce as a team. The series was first published by Eclipse Comics in 1985, and most recently published by Image Comics in 1998.

## Creation

Writing in 1995, Hudnall noted the spy genre, Japanese anime films and the British TV series *The Champions* as influences on the series. He hoped *Espers* would bridge the gap between superhero comics aimed at younger readers and the growing adult-orientated comic market, and strove to write strong female characters for the series; Hudnall hoped to create "a *Hill Street Blues* of comic books". At the time he was working for Eclipse as marketing director, and *Espers* was his first published comics work. Hudnall also admired Alan Moore \- especially *Watchmen* \- and Frank Miller. He and initial artist David Lloyd undertook considerable research ahead of the series to ensure the needed level of accuracy and realism; Hudnall also eschewed codenames or costumes for the characters.

## Publishing history

### Eclipse Comics

The first five issues in the series were published from 1986 to 1987 by Eclipse Comics. The first four issues were illustrated by David Lloyd, and the fifth by John Burns. The initial 4-issue story arc, later titled "Espers," introduced the main characters. Covers for the first four issues were provided by Mick Austin, John Bolton, Brian Bolland and Garry Leach. John M. Burns took over as artist for the second four issue arc of the series, titled "The Liquidators". However, only one issue - #5 - was published before the title was put on hiatus, a decision that Hudnall himself attributed to disappointing sales and to an unspecified dispute between Eclipse and himself.

### Epic Comics

The series languished in limbo until 1989, when Hudnall struck a deal with Marvel's Epic Comics imprint, where eight issues were published under the title *Interface* from 1989 to 1991. The first six issues of that series, featuring painted art by Paul Johnson, re-introduced the main characters and re-told the first story arc in flashback form, before picking up the "Liquidators" storyline. The final two issues of the Epic series functioned as an epilogue to the arc.

### Halloween Comics

The series then suffered its second extended publishing hiatus, this time for over five years before Hudnall himself revived the series in 1996, self-publishing another six issues under his own Halloween Comics imprint from 1996 to 1997. These issues were numbered as volume 2; 1–6, and comprised the "Undertow" story arc, featuring art by then-newcomer Greg Horn. Reflecting the real-life publishing schedule of the series, the events in these issues take place several years after those detailed in *Interface*.

### Image Comics

The series was then moved to Image Comics, a decision which Hudnall explained in print at the time as one intended to make the series more broadly available than he could under his own imprint. Image published another seven issues of the series from 1997 to 1998, the first six of which again featured art by Horn. As of 2024 the series has not seen publication again.

## Plot

### "The Storm"

*Originally published in* Espers *Vol. 1 #1-4*

People imbued with advanced psychic powers (known as 'espers') have been around for hundreds of years, but that their existence had been successfully kept from the general public by a secret conspiracy among a handful of powerful groups, including the Inner Circle, the Triad, and the Society of Esper Anarchists (known as the SEA). These diverse groups are all engaged in a generations-long war against each other in the shadows for power, control, and world domination. Five Espers from around the world are gathered by Linda Williams in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to rescue her father from Beirut, where he is being held hostage by terrorists working for the Inner Circle. In the process they stumble upon a much bigger conspiracy.

### "The Liquidators"

*Originally published in* Espers *Vol. 1 #5 and* Interface *#1-8*

Williams and her allies come under simultaneous (but separate) attack from super assassins hired by the Inner Circle and by the forces of mafia crime lord Benito Giovanetti (revealed to be the man behind the grassy Knoll). The Espers are aided by Alan Black, an assassin for the S.E.A. Afterwards the Espers encounter a Mind Dancer before they are aided by a mysterious 'Master' named Lori who teaches them more about their powers before disappearing herself.

### "Undertow"

*Originally published in* Espers *Vol. 2 #1-6*

Several years later, the Espers come to the rescue of a 17-year-old high school girl from California named Skye Lanning. The petulant teenager possesses powerful psychometric powers, and as a result is being pursued by both the Triad and the Inner Circle. The Espers try to convince a reluctant Skye to join their team instead for her own protection. The struggle culminates in a final battle at an Inner Circle headquarters hidden in plain sight at Walt Disney World in Florida. It is revealed that all the world's Espers originated from a secret human breeding program masterminded by a shadowy group called the Architects, whose origins date back to the American Revolutionary War. The Architects have sought to alter humanity over hundreds of years through breeding and mysticism, and became The Inner Circle in 1880. In 1922 a group of Espers fled this selective breeding program; these were the forebears of the six 'renegade' Espers who make up the team.

### "Black Magic"

*Originally published in* Espers *Vol. 3 #1-4*

The Espers come under attack by the occult branch of the Architects called The Pentacle while trying to stop the Architects' master plan to turn the United States Navy's High Frequency Active Aural Research Project (HAARP) - an array of antennae pumping high doses of energy into the ionosphere turning it into a transmitter blanketing the Earth - into the most powerful mind control device on the planet.

### "Crossed Purposes"

*Originally published in* Espers *Vol. 3 #5-7*

Later the Espers go in search of Alan Black in Chicago, believing that they cannot battle the Architects without the help of the S.E. A; Alan and Simon then travel to an S.E.A. cell in Siberia, and Simon finds the 'Master' Lori. Meanwhile, Bill, Maria, and Ian head to Rio to try to liaise with the Triad, who dominate the city.

## Characters

### The Espers

* **Linda Williams:** a wealthy American based in Monaco who is able to psychically hack computers and other devices operating on the electro-magnetic spectrum, a skill she uses to draw the names of the other Espers from a CIA databank.
* **Ian McVicar:** an English art smuggler, with the ability to shift into time at a different rate - effectively giving him super-speed. Due to his experience in tight situations he functions as the team's field commander.
* **William Silent Bear:** a mechanic from North Dakota with powerful telekinetic abilities, being able to levitate himself or anything else and even deflect bullets with his mind.
* **Maria Rivas:** a left-wing Argentine journalist, marked for death by the right-wing regime even before joining the Espers. She can project a forcefield around her that gives her teleportation powers.
* **Jiro Yabuki:** a Japanese student who can generate a wide variety of energies from his hands.
* **Simon Ashley:** a Jamaican chef who is a powerful pyrokinetic.
* **Sky Lanning:** an American high school student with psychometric abilities, giving her the ability to read the history of any object by touch. She joins the group after they save her life.

### Allies

* **Alan Black:** an assassin for the SEA and a powerful psychic; while occasionally helpful to the Espers he is devoted to the S.E.A's centuries-long battle in the shadows against both the Inner Circle and the Triad.
* **Brian Marx:** a modern-day chaos magic-wielding magician on the run from the Architects.

### Adversaries

* **Sergei Koznishev:** a murderous, high-ranking Inner Circle telekinetic.
* **Tracy King:** a former reporter who has become possessed by an evil ancestor named Aldo Roth, a rogue necromancer who died in 1787.

## Collected editions

| Title | Publisher | ISBN | Release date | Issues |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Espers* | Caliber Comics |  | December 1994 | *Espers* Vol. 1 #1-4 |
| *Espers: Black Magic* | Image Comics | 9781582400280 | 16 November 1998 | *Espers* Vol. 3 #1-4 |
| *Espers: Undertow* | Image Comics | 9781887279932 | 24 November 1998 | *Espers* Vol. 2 #1-6 |
| *Espers: The Storm* | Caliber Comics | 9780941613804 | December 1998 | *Espers* Vol. 1 #1-5 |
| *Espers: Interface* | Image Comics | 9781582400501 | 8 February 1999 | *Interface* #1-6 |

Image planned a second collection of Volume 3, named *Espers: Crossed Purposes*, but it was never published. As of 2024 *Interface* #7-8 also remain uncollected .

## Reception

Reviewing the title for *Amazing Heroes*, Gerard Jones had mixed feelings - praising Hudnall's ambitions and ideas but noting that the minimalist style left the series wanting in characterisation.

## InfoBox

| *Espers* | |
| --- | --- |
| The cover to *Espers* #1, art by Mick Austin. | |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | Eclipse Comics 1986–1987
Epic Comics 1989–1990
Halloween Comics 1996-1997
Image Comics 1997–1998 |
| Schedule | Monthly |
| Format | Ongoing series |
| Publication date | July 1986 – April 1998 |
| No. of issues | 5 (Vol. 1, Eclipse Comics)
8 (Epic Comics, as *Interface*)
6 (Vol. 2, Halloween Comics)
7 (Vol. 3, Image Comics) |
| Main character(s) | Linda Williams
Ian McVicar
William Silent Bear
Maria Rivas
Jiro Yabuki
Simon Ashley |
| Creative team | |
| Created by | James D. Hudnall |
| Written by | James D. Hudnall |
| Artist(s) | David Lloyd
John M. Burns
Paul Johnson
Bill Koeb
Dan Brereton
Greg Horn
Gene Gonzales |
| Editor(s) | Cat Yronwoode 1986–1987 |


title: Erwin Anton Gutkind

abstract: Erwin Anton Gutkind, was a German-Jewish architect and city planner, who left Berlin in 1935 for Paris, London and then Philadelphia, where he became a member of the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania. Of his work in Germany, all but one building remains and as of 2013 most if not all have historical protection orders on them. Some of them have also been restored.

text:
# Erwin Anton Gutkind

**Erwin Anton Gutkind** (20 May 1886, Berlin – 7 August 1968, Philadelphia), was a German-Jewish architect and city planner, who left Berlin in 1935 for Paris, London and then Philadelphia, where he became a member of the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania. Of his work in Germany, all but one building remains and as of 2013 most if not all have historical protection orders on them. Some of them have also been restored.

## Biography

Gutkind was born in Berlin on 20 May 1886. He studied from 1905 to 1909 in the Technischen Hochschule (Berlin-) Charlottenburg and the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. In 1910 he married Margarete Jaffé, with whom he had two children. In 1914 he was awarded the degree of Doktor-Ingenieur (Dr.-Ing.) by the Technischen Hochschule Charlottenburg for his thesis *Raum und Materie*.

In 1933 Gutkind left Berlin for Paris. He then moved to London in 1935, and finally in 1956 to Philadelphia, where he became a member of the faculty of the School of Fine Arts, University of Pennsylvania. That year he married his partner — the Sinologist Anneliese Bulling — as his first wife, from whom he had become estranged, died during World War II in Germany.

## Reputation

Gutkind and his contemporaries were commonly referred to as the “circle of friends of the Bauhaus” or “children of the 1880s” as they followed their mentors and the “Fathers” of modern architecture (or Neues Bauen) of Peter Behrens and Walter Gropius.

He was a Siedlung architect, post-war reconstructionist, urban planner, historian of urbanization and writer. His buildings were “bold combinations of stucco and exposed brick, with large windows and strikingly individual corners”. He was a ‘Bauhausian’ architect incorporating their philosophy of light, air and sun.

The Siedlung, essentially workers (or social) housing though the word means community, was about providing accommodation for working people in a harmonious, attractive and a well provided for shelter and environment. They included gardens, kindergartens, shopping facilities, laundry areas and playgrounds. They were, in part, a response to Berlin's shortage of housing, as the city grew and grew, developing from garden cities and the harshness of tenements. The building of the German Siedlungen reached its peak between 1926 and 1930.

Gutkind and his contemporary architects participated in the building of the Siedlungen and also in the architectural discussion groups that were an important part of these times. "The Ring of Ten," for example, included Hans Poelzig, Eric Mendelsohn, Ludwig Hilberseimer, the Taut brothers, Otto Bartning, Martin Wagner, Walter Gropius, Erwin Gutkind and they met at Mies van der Rohe’s office. In 1931, The Ring was denounced by the National Socialists .

Gutkind was one of many architects who engaged in the debates of the time: Bruno Taut, a brilliant architect of the same time (the utopian expressionist) versus Gutkind (the rationalist architect). He was accused by Taut of not being interested in the individual house as a construction of architecture and did not obey a strictly Bauhaus line. Gutkind responded by saying that it was wrong to have as the beginning point the cell of an individual home, but that the whole settlement and its place in the city, was also or more important. (Paraphrasing the words of the late Julius Posener, from an article in the archives of the Akademie der Kunste, Berlin.)

## Awards

In 1968, he was awarded the ‘Berliner Kunstpreises für Baukunst’ (Berlin art prize for building) from the City of Berlin. The prize was first awarded in 1948; the previous two recipients to Gutkind were Mies van der Rohe and Wassili Luckhardt.

## Influence

The Italian architectural historian Piergiacomo Bucciarelli has even suggested that Bruno Taut’s work was influenced by Gutkind's. There are many examples dotted throughout Berlin; for example , comparet Taut's work on the Trierer Strasse in Weissensee and Gutkind's work in Reinickendorf.

Contemporary German architect, Klaus Meier-Hartmann wrote: “the inspiration for this new building \[are\] the 1920s apartment blocks of Erwin Gutkind. Gutkind's trademark was his treatment and handling of the corner entrance; the play of brickwork and render; and an emphasis on the horizontal. \[ Hartmann \] has reinterpreted these elements and used them in his work. The result is a building that has a clear relationship with the adjoining area and its history and that satisfies the requirements of today's social housing programme.” Professor Peirogiacomo Bucciarelli wrote “Erwin Anton Gutkind represents a difficult case in the history of contemporary architecture. He lived and worked in Berlin during the “heroic period” of modern architecture in Europe, but today he is practically unknown as an architect, in spite of a certain interest on the part of some recent architectural critics and historians in Germany and Italy. He is certainly most famous as a town planning theorist and urban historian, especially after he emigrated to the U.S.A. during the fifties. It was not until 1968, a few months before his death at the age of eighty-two, that the late German architectural historian Julius Posener dedicated an article to him in the review *Bauwelt,* to mark the prize the city of Berlin had just awarded him.”

“Erwin Gutkind belongs to the circle of those most representative German architects of the twenties. His short professional career as an architect, only ten years, includes almost 1,500 residential units, exhibition stands, town planning projects and public building projects. For the “architectural tourist” visiting Berlin, Gutkind's buildings are still beautiful and intelligent, unlike those built by some of his most famous colleagues, which today may appear outdated or too ambitious, with their strictly rationalist and radically pure architectural language.”

“He devoted more attention to the architectural details, the correct use of materials (horizontal bands alternatively of bricks and plaster are typical of his formal language), and he made an original and diversified use of the corners of his housing blocks. His work reveals close attention to the perceptive and environmental qualities of the modern metropolis. The many solutions of his architectural corners establish mutual relationships between the different fronts of buildings on the other side of the street. The corners of Gutkind's apartment blocks play a double role: they coordinate and conclude the façades and at the same time communicate monumental values.”

“Seventy years after the challenge of the Modern Movement, everybody can experience how both the “Heimatstil” and the “Neues Bauen” avant garde, the audacity of the “Expressionists” and the objectivity of the “Neue Sachlichkeit” no longer have a place in the German capital. The most renowned models of these movements face each other on the same streets of the city and participate in the same silence. Each of them shares the same tragic memories. All of these buildings, objects of ferocious clashes between minds and bodies, survived the last war, showing above all their architectural being. No ideological critique, however sharp, would prevent Gutkind's architecture from standing. In spite of everything, they are a beautiful testimony to ideas and techniques as well as useful places to live.”

According to writer Janet Biehl, Gudkind was also an influence on the thinking of Murray Bookchin.

## Major works

* Berlin-Pankow, Wohnblock, Thulestrasse, 1927, a block of flats, close to Berlin's largest Jewish cemetery. The building is enclosed, powerful and strong. Its main vertical corner, triangular, of layered glass block and concrete, acts as a beacon — thrusting out and up. Its small windows at the top of the building are Tautian in style. It lacks the intimacy and softness of some of his other work. At the beginning of 1999, this block of flats was bought by a private investor who has restored it. As this building is listed, there are strict regulations so that it will not be changed or spoiled. Christoph Freudenberg was the architect responsible for the restoration: “My employees have made a detailed check-up upon the existing substance of the building. The whole ensemble is in pretty bad shape, since there has been little maintenance of the building during the past forty years. Nevertheless, the substance of the main structure shows little damage, so I am hopeful that we are going to be able to repair and renew the building without too much expense. Our restoration efforts will be concentrated upon those parts of the building which were not destroyed in World War Two — including the very expressively designed staircase.”
* Gutkind was the primary architect for the Berlin building firm, Gruppe Nord, still in working existence in 1999 after seventy years. They are the caretakers of two thousand apartments in this Siedlung, nine hundred and fifty of which were designed by Gutkind. In the cellar of Gruppe Nord's offices are many original drawings by Gutkind.

## Published books

* *Raum und Materie. Ein baugeschichtlicher Darstellungsversuch der Raumentwicklung.* Berlin 1915.
* *Neues Bauen. Grundlagen zur praktischen Siedlungstätigkeit*, Verlag der Bauwelt, Berlin 1919.
* *Berliner Wohnbauten der letzten Jahre.* Berlin 1931. (with J. Schallenberger)
* *Creative demobilisation.* London 1943.
* *Revolution of environment.* London 1946.
* *Our world from the air. An international survey of man and his environment.* London 1952.
* *Community and environment. A discourse on social ecology.* London 1953.
* *The expanding environment. The end of cities, the rise of communities.* London 1953.
* *The twilight of cities.* New York 1962.
* *International History of city development.* (8 vols.) New York / London 1964-1968.

Some portions of this article are translated from the


title: Ester hydrolysis

abstract: Ester hydrolysis is an organic reaction which hydrolyzes an ester to a carboxylic acid or carboxylate, and an alcohol. It can be performed with acid as catalyst, or with base as reagent.

text:
# Ester hydrolysis

**Ester hydrolysis** is an organic reaction which hydrolyzes an ester to a carboxylic acid or carboxylate, and an alcohol. It can be performed with acid as catalyst, or with base as reagent.

## Acidic hydrolysis of esters

The mechanism of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters is the reverse of Fischer esterification. Acid is only required in catalytic amounts, as in Fischer esterification, and an excess of water drives the equilibrium towards carboxylic acid and alcohol.

## Alkaline hydrolysis of esters

Alkaline hydrolysis of esters is also known as saponification. A base such as sodium hydroxide is required in stochiometric amounts. Unlike acid-catalyzed ester hydrolysis, it is not an equilibrium reaction and proceeds to completion. Hydroxide ion attacks the carbonyl carbon to give a tetrahedral intermediate, which then expels an alkoxide ion. The resulting carboxylic acid quickly protonates the alkoxide ion to give a carboxylate ion and an alcohol. Water is often used as a solvent, but the presence of water is not necessary; alcohols may also be used as solvents, with dissolved hydroxide ion performing hydrolysis.

In this example of alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl propionate, the asterisk indicates an oxygen-18 atom in an isotope labeling experiment to investigate the mechanism:


title: Eternity puzzle

abstract: The Eternity puzzle is a tiling puzzle created by Christopher Monckton and launched by the Ertl Company in June 1999. It was marketed as being practically unsolvable, with a £1 million prize on offer for whoever could solve it within four years. The prize was paid out in October 2000 for a winning solution arrived at by two mathematicians from Cambridge. A follow-up prize puzzle called Eternity II was launched in 2007.

text:
# Eternity puzzle

The **Eternity puzzle** is a tiling puzzle created by Christopher Monckton and launched by the Ertl Company in June 1999. It was marketed as being practically unsolvable, with a £1 million prize on offer for whoever could solve it within four years. The prize was paid out in October 2000 for a winning solution arrived at by two mathematicians from Cambridge. A follow-up prize puzzle called Eternity II was launched in 2007.

## Description

The puzzle's scope was to fill a large equiangular (but not equilateral) dodecagon board with 209 puzzle pieces. The board is equipped with a triangular grid made of equilateral triangles. Its sides alternate in length: six sides coincide with the grid and are 7 triangles (placed edge-to-edge) long, while the other sides are slightly shorter and measure 8 triangles base-to-tip, which equals $4{\sqrt {3}\approx 6.9}$ edge lengths.

Each puzzle piece is a 12-polydrafter (dodecadrafter) made of twelve 30-60-90 triangles (that is, a continuous compound of twelve halves of equilateral triangles, restricted to the grid layout). Each piece has an area equal to that of 6 equilateral triangles, and the area of the entire dodecagon is exactly 209 * 6 = 1254 equilateral triangles' (or 2508 drafters) worth.

A hint piece was shown placed on every board and solution sheet, although it was not required to be placed there in any solution submission for the prize. Five other hints could be obtained by solving three smaller clue puzzles, which were sold separately.

## Solution

As soon as the puzzle was launched, an online community emerged devoted to solving it, centred on a mailing list on which many ideas and techniques were discussed. It was soon realised that it was trivial to fill the board almost completely, to an "end-game position" where an irregularly-shaped void had to be filled with only a few pieces, at which point the pieces left would be the "wrong shapes" to fill the remaining space. The hope of solving the end-game depended vitally on having pieces that were easy to tile together in a variety of shapes. Computer searches were carried out to find which pieces tiled well or badly, and these data used to alter otherwise-standard backtracking search programs to use the bad pieces first, in the hope of being left with only good pieces in the hard final part of the search.

The puzzle was solved on May 15, 2000, before the first deadline, by two Cambridge mathematicians, Alex Selby and Oliver Riordan. Key to their success was the mathematical rigour with which they approached the problem of determining the tileability of individual pieces and of empty regions within the board. These provided measures of the probability that a given piece could help to fill or 'tile' a given region, and the probability that a given region could be tiled by some combination of pieces. In the search for a solution, these probabilities were used to identify which partial tilings, out of a vast number explored by the computer program, were most likely to lead to a solution. A complete solution was obtained within seven months of development with the aid of two domestic PCs.

A second solution was found independently by Guenter Stertenbrink and submitted just 6 weeks later, on July 1, 2000. No other solutions have since been published, and the originally intended solution also remains unpublished.

Neither of the known solutions have any of the six hint pieces correctly placed. According to Alex Selby the puzzle was actually significantly easier to solve without enforcing any fixed hint pieces.

## Prize

The puzzle's inventor, Christopher Monckton, put up half the prize money himself, the other half being put up by underwriters in the London insurance market. According to Eternity's rules, possible solutions to the puzzle would be received by mail on September 21, 2000. If no correct solutions were opened, the mail for the next year would be kept until September 30, 2001, the process being repeated every year until 2003, after which no entries would be accepted.

Before marketing the puzzle, Monckton had thought that it would take at least three years before anyone could crack the puzzle. One estimate made at the time stated that the puzzle had 10500 possible attempts at a solution, and it would take longer than the lifetime of the Universe to calculate all of them even if you had a million computers.

Once solved, Monckton claimed that the earlier-than-expected solution had forced him to sell his 67-room house, Crimonmogate, to pay the prize. In 2006, he said that the claim had been a PR stunt to boost sales over Christmas, that the house's sale was unrelated to the prize as he was going to sell it anyway.

## Influence

The architectural design of the Perth Arena in Perth, Western Australia, was heavily influenced by the eternity puzzle; the exterior design is also strongly reflected throughout the main arena, foyers, breakout function rooms and the entrance to the venue.


title: Estonia–Latvia relations

abstract: Estonia and Latvia, the two northernmost Baltic states, share 343 km of common borders and a long common history, having since the 13th century been ruled by the Livonian Order, Poland–Lithuania, Sweden and finally, until achieving independence in 1918, the Russian Empire. They were both re-occupied by the USSR between 1945 and 1991. The countries reestablished diplomatic relations on 3 January 1992. Estonia has an embassy in Riga, and Latvia has an embassy in Tallinn.

text:
# Estonia–Latvia relations

**Estonia** and **Latvia**, the two northernmost Baltic states, share 343 km of common borders and a long common history, having since the 13th century been ruled by the Livonian Order, Poland–Lithuania, Sweden and finally, until achieving independence in 1918, the Russian Empire. They were both re-occupied by the USSR between 1945 and 1991. The countries reestablished diplomatic relations on 3 January 1992. Estonia has an embassy in Riga, and Latvia has an embassy in Tallinn.

## Common membership

Both countries are full members of the Council of the Baltic Sea States, NATO and the European Union. The two countries were members of the Baltic Free Trade Area from 1994 until 2004 after which they joined the European Union.

## Trade

In 2006, Latvia accounted for 3% of Estonian exports. Latvia accounted for 5% of Estonian imports.

## Agreements

There are 15 bilateral agreements between the 2 countries many of them signed trilaterally with Lithuania.

## Defence cooperation

The three Baltic countries signed a trilateral defence agreement on 12 February 1995.

## Embassies

Estonia has embassy in Riga, Skolas iela, but has plans to relocate to a building in Old town when it is completed.

## InfoBox

Estonia-Latvia relations
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
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Estonia |
Latvia |
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title: Estrela Velha

abstract: Estrela Velha is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It was raised to municipality status in 1995, the area being taken out of the municipality of Arroio do Tigre. The municipality is partly flooded by the reservoir of the Dona Francisca Hydroelectric Plant on the upper Jacuí River.

text:
# Estrela Velha

**Estrela Velha** is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It was raised to municipality status in 1995, the area being taken out of the municipality of Arroio do Tigre.

The municipality is partly flooded by the reservoir of the Dona Francisca Hydroelectric Plant on the upper Jacuí River.

## InfoBox

| Estrela Velha | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location within Rio Grande do Sul | |
| Estrela VelhaLocation in Brazil | |
| Coordinates: 29°10′37″S 53°9′32″W / 29.17694°S 53.15889°W / -29.17694; -53.15889 | |
| Country | Brazil |
| State | Rio Grande do Sul |
| Population (2020 ) | |
| Total | 3,650 |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (BRT) |


title: Espen Hægeland

abstract: Espen Hægeland is a Norwegian footballer who played as a winger for Bryne, Mandalskameratene and Sandnes Ulf in the Norwegian First Division. He has later been player-coach at Hana and assistant player-coach at Mandalskameratene and Lyngdal.

text:
# Espen Hægeland

**Espen Hægeland** (born 27 September 1981) is a Norwegian footballer who played as a winger for Bryne, Mandalskameratene and Sandnes Ulf in the Norwegian First Division. He has later been player-coach at Hana and assistant player-coach at Mandalskameratene and Lyngdal.

## Career

Hægeland was born in Lyngdal, and started his career in the local club Lyngdal IL. He scored 25 goals in 22 matches for Lyngdal in the Third Division in the 2004 season and was invited on a trial with Mandalskameratene ahead of the 2005 season, but was not offered a contract with the club and joined Bryne instead. Hægeland, who worked as a carpenter while playing for Bryne, scored nine goals in his first eight matches in the First Division including two goals in the 5–1 victory against Skeid on 6 June 2005 and a hat-trick when Bryne won 4–0 against Løv-Ham two weeks later. After 12 matches of the season, Bryne were leading the First Division and Hægeland only had Daniel Nannskog ahead of him on the goal-scoring list. The Bryne-team struggled with their offensive play during the second half of the season, and after Tommy Bergersen and André Danielsen was transferred to Bryne during the summer, Hægeland lost his place in the first-team. He scored 11 goals in the 2005 season, and finished 10th in the top goalscorer list.

Hægeland was sent on loan to Mandalskameratene half-way through the 2006 season, and joined the club permanently on a three-year contract ahead of the 2007 season. He was one of Mandalskameratene's best players in 2007, and scored 11 goals in 30 matches when the team was relegated from the First Division. After the season, he was wanted by seven clubs, and stated that he wanted to play for a club in Rogaland as he was building a house in Bryne. Hægeland played for Randaberg during the first half of the 2008 season, before he transferred to Sandnes Ulf in July 2008. He scored five goals in 14 matches for Sandnes Ulf in the First Division in 2008. After the 2009 season he joined the Third Division side Hana IL as a player-coach, but left the club after only one season and returned to Mandalskameratene where he became playing assistant coach. Following Peer Danefeld's resignation as head coach of Mandalskameratene, Hægeland was temporarily working as head coach during the pre-season in 2011, but stated that he didn't want that position permanently. After rejoining Lyngdal, he scored more than 50 goals for the team in the Fourth Division during the 2012 season. Ahead of the 2013 season he became playing assistant coach of Lyngdal.

## InfoBox

Espen Hægeland
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Espen Hægeland | | |
| Date of birth | (1981-09-27) 27 September 1981 | | |
| Place of birth | Lyngdal, Norway | | |
| Height | 1.79 m (5 ft 10+12 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Winger | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Lyngdal | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 0000–2004 | Lyngdal |  |  |
| 2005–2006 | Bryne | 38 | (11) |
| 2006 | Mandalskameratene (loan) |  |  |
| 2007 | Mandalskameratene | 30 | (11) |
| 2008 | Randaberg |  |  |
| 2008–2009 | Sandnes Ulf |  |  |
| 2011 | Mandalskameratene |  |  |
| 2012– | Lyngdal |  |  |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2010 | Hana | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 27 March 2013 | | | |


title: Espen Hoff

abstract: Espen Hoff is a retired Norwegian professional footballer, born in Larvik. He is primarily a winger, but may also play as an attacking midfielder, whilst at Lyn he occasionally featured on the left wing. With 406 top division appearances, Hoff has made the sixth-highest number of appearances in Eliteserien.

text:
# Espen Hoff

**Espen Hoff** (born 20 November 1981) is a retired Norwegian professional footballer, born in Larvik. He is primarily a winger, but may also play as an attacking midfielder, whilst at Lyn he occasionally featured on the left wing. With 406 top division appearances, Hoff has made the sixth-highest number of appearances in Eliteserien.

## Club career

Espen Hoff was signed from Odd Grenland before the start of the 2006 season in Norway. As a junior, he played for Larvik Turn, before moving to Skien and Odd Grenland in 1999.

At Odd Grenland, he scored 37 goals in 155 league matches, and additional 20 goals in 30 Norwegian Cup games. He also appeared in 6 European Cup games, without netting. He won the Norwegian Cup with Odd Grenland in 2000.

He signed for Tippeligaen Champions Stabæk in 2008 and from 2009 onwards he was a Stabæk player. He joined Start in 2010.

## International career

Espen Hoff has been capped twice for his national side, making his début in a friendly against Bahrain on 25 January 2005. He was capped 27 times for the Norwegian U-21 team, scoring 3 goals.

## Career statistics

| Season | Club | Division | League | | Cup | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| 1999 | Odd Grenland | Tippeligaen | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 |
| 2000 | | | 23 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 28 | 10 |
| 2001 | | | 25 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 30 | 10 |
| 2002 | | | 25 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 32 | 10 |
| 2003 | | | 24 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 27 | 9 |
| 2004 | | | 26 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 28 | 7 |
| 2005 | | | 24 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 28 | 9 |
| 2006 | Lyn | | 21 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 22 | 8 |
| 2007 | | | 23 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 26 | 8 |
| 2008 | | | 23 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 28 | 15 |
| 2009 | Stabæk | | 28 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 32 | 1 |
| 2010 | | | 18 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 21 | 9 |
| 2010 | Start | | 11 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 3 |
| 2011 | | | 29 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 34 | 14 |
| 2012 | | Adeccoligaen | 21 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 24 | 8 |
| 2013 | | Tippeligaen | 29 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 32 | 7 |
| 2014 | | 28 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 30 | 7 |
| 2015 | | 26 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 27 | 4 |
| 2016 | | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 1 |
| Career Total | | | 427 | 102 | 57 | 40 | 484 | 142 |

## Honours

**Odd Grenland**

## InfoBox

Espen Hoff
|  | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (1981-11-20) 20 November 1981 | | |
| Place of birth | Larvik, Norway | | |
| Height | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Winger | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Sporty | | |
|  | Larvik Turn | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1999–2005 | Odd Grenland | 154 | (38) |
| 2006–2008 | Lyn | 67 | (22) |
| 2009–2010 | Stabæk | 46 | (6) |
| 2010–2016 | Start | 160 | (36) |
| Total |  | **427** | **(102)** |
| International career | | | |
| 2005–2006 | Norway | 2 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Estrella CF

abstract: Estrella Club de Fútbol is a Spanish football team based in Santa Lucía de Tirajana, in the autonomous community of Canary Islands. Founded in 1946, it plays in Tercera Federación – Group 12, holding home matches at Estadio Las Palmitas.

text:
# Estrella CF

**Estrella Club de Fútbol** is a Spanish football team based in Santa Lucía de Tirajana, in the autonomous community of Canary Islands. Founded in 1946, it plays in Tercera Federación – Group 12, holding home matches at *Estadio Las Palmitas*.

## Season to season

| Season Tier Division Place Copa del Rey  1967–68 6 3ª Reg. 6th   1968–69 6 3ª Reg. 3rd   1969–70 6 3ª Reg. 4th   1970–71 6 3ª Reg. 2nd   1971–72 5 2ª Reg. 14th   1972–73 6 3ª Reg. 12th   1973–74 6 3ª Reg. 14th   1974–75 6 3ª Reg. 4th   1975–76 6 3ª Reg. 7th   1976–77 6 3ª Reg. 1st   1977–78 7 2ª Reg. 3rd   1978–79 7 2ª Reg. 3rd   1979–80 6 1ª Reg. 8th   1980–81 5 Reg. Pref. 2nd   1981–82 4  17th   1982–83 5 Reg. Pref. 8th   1983–84 5 Reg. Pref. 10th   1984–85 5 Reg. Pref. 7th   1985–86 5 Reg. Pref. 4th   1986–87 5 Reg. Pref. 7th | Season Tier Division Place Copa del Rey  1987–88 5 Int. Pref. 7th   1988–89 5 Int. Pref. 5th   1989–90 5 Int. Pref. 4th   1990–91 5 Int. Pref. 4th   1991–92 5 Int. Pref. 4th   1992–93 4  6th   1993–94 4  8th First round  1994–95 4  1st   1995–96 4  15th   1996–97 4  16th   1997–98 4  18th   1998–99 5 Int. Pref. 17th   1999–2000 6 1ª Reg. 13th   2000–01 6 1ª Reg. 5th   2001–02 6 1ª Reg. 4th   2002–03 6 1ª Reg. 4th   2003–04 6 1ª Reg. 3rd   2004–05 5 Int. Pref. 10th   2005–06 5 Int. Pref. 6th   2006–07 5 Int. Pref. 17th |
| --- | --- |

| Season Tier Division Place Copa del Rey  2007–08 6 1ª Reg. 6th   2008–09 6 1ª Reg. 2nd   2009–10 5 Int. Pref. 2nd   2010–11 5 Int. Pref. 3rd   2011–12 4  7th   2012–13 4  3rd   2013–14 4  5th   2014–15 4  18th   2015–16 5 Int. Pref. 1st   2016–17 4  15th   2017–18 4  19th   2018–19 5 Int. Pref. 3rd   2019–20 5 Int. Pref. 4th   2020–21 5 Int. Pref. 5th   2021–22 6 Int. Pref. 1st   2022–23 5 3ª Fed. 16th   2023–24 6 Int. Pref. 3rd   2024–25 5 3ª Fed. |
| --- |

---

## InfoBox

Estrella
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Estrella Club de Fútbol |
| Founded | 1946 |
| Ground | Las Palmitas, Santa Lucía de Tirajana,<br>Canary Islands, Spain |
| Capacity | 3,500 |
| Chairman | Óscar Ascanio Betancor |
| Manager | Ángel Luis |
| League | Tercera Federación – Group 12 |
| Website | Club website |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Euastropsis

abstract: Euastropsis is a genus of algae belonging to the family Hydrodictyaceae, containing the single species Euastropsis richteri.

text:
# Euastropsis

***Euastropsis*** is a genus of algae belonging to the family Hydrodictyaceae, containing the single species ***Euastropsis richteri***.

## InfoBox

| *Euastropsis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Euastropsis richteri* diagram | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| *Clade*: | Viridiplantae |
| Division: | Chlorophyta |
| Class: | Chlorophyceae |
| Order: | Sphaeropleales |
| Family: | Hydrodictyaceae |
| Genus: | *Euastropsis*
Lagerheim |
| Species: | ***E. richteri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Euastropsis richteri***
(Schmidle) Lagerheim, 1894 | |
|


title: Ettridge Collection

abstract:
The Ettridge Collection is a collection of trade literature relating to domestic appliances which was donated to the British Library by Ian Ettridge in 1997. Ettridge worked at domestic appliance manufacturers such as Electrolux, Hotpoint, Morphy Richards, Moulinex and Swan for over 45 years before his retirement. The collection, held in the Library's Business & IP Centre, includes:
  - Company brochures.
  - Design manuals.
  - Product samples.
  - Ettridge's own technical drawings.

text:
# Ettridge Collection

The **Ettridge Collection** is a collection of trade literature relating to domestic appliances which was donated to the British Library by Ian Ettridge in 1997. Ettridge worked at domestic appliance manufacturers such as Electrolux, Hotpoint, Morphy Richards, Moulinex and Swan for over 45 years before his retirement.

The collection, held in the Library's Business & IP Centre, includes:

* Company brochures.
* Design manuals.
* Product samples.
* Ettridge's own technical drawings.


title: Eucalyptus drummondii

abstract: Eucalyptus drummondii, commonly known as Drummond's gum or Drummond's mallee, is a species of mallee or tree that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has smooth bark, narrow elliptical to egg-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and hemispherical fruit.

text:
# Eucalyptus drummondii

***Eucalyptus drummondii***, commonly known as **Drummond's gum** or **Drummond's mallee**, is a species of mallee or tree that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has smooth bark, narrow elliptical to egg-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and hemispherical fruit.

## Description

*Eucalyptus drummondii* is a mallee that typically grows to a height of 3–4 m (9.8–13.1 ft) or sometimes a tree to 8 m (26 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth, powdery bark that is white, pink or grey in colour. Young plants and coppice regrowth have leaves arranged alternately, egg-shaped to more or less round, 55–80 mm (2.2–3.1 in) long and 18–55 mm (0.71–2.17 in) wide. Adult leaves are grey-green in colour, narrow elliptical to egg-shaped, 32–80 mm (1.3–3.1 in) long and 8–27 mm (0.31–1.06 in) wide on a petiole 7–22 mm (0.28–0.87 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in groups of seven in leaf axils on an unbranched peduncle 7–30 mm (0.28–1.18 in) long, the individual buds on a pedicel 2–12 mm (0.079–0.472 in) long. Mature buds are oval, 8–18 mm (0.31–0.71 in) long and 4–10 mm (0.16–0.39 in) wide with a conical to rounded operculum with a small point on the top. Flowering mainly occurs from September to December and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, hemispherical capsule 5–9 mm (0.20–0.35 in) long and 8–12 mm (0.31–0.47 in) wide with the valves extending beyond the level of the rim.

## Taxonomy

*Eucalyptus drummondii* was first formally described in 1867 by George Bentham in his book *Flora Australiensis*. Bentham based the species on a specimen collected "between Swan River and King George's Sound" by James Drummond. The specific epithet (*drummondii*) honours Drummond.

## Distribution and habitat

Drummond's mallee grows in hilly country in soils derived from laterite, sometimes over granite and is found between Eneabba, Wongan Hills, Bridgetown and Woodanilling in the Avon Wheatbelt, Geraldton Sandplains, Jarrah Forest, Swan Coastal Plain and Warren biogeographic regions.

## Conservation status

*Eucalyptus drummondii* is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife

## InfoBox

| Drummond's mallee | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Eucalyptus drummondii* near Wongan Hills | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Eucalyptus* |
| Species: | ***E. drummondii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eucalyptus drummondii***<br>Benth. | |
|


title: Eta Lyrae

abstract: Eta Lyrae, a name Latinized from η Lyrae, is a likely binary star system in the northern constellation of Lyra. It has the traditional name Aladfar and is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.43. The system is located at a distance of approximately 1,390 light years from the Sun based on parallax, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −8 km/s.

text:
# Eta Lyrae

**Eta Lyrae**, a name Latinized from **η Lyrae**, is a likely binary star system in the northern constellation of Lyra. It has the traditional name **Aladfar** /əˈlædfɑːr/ and is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.43. The system is located at a distance of approximately 1,390 light years from the Sun based on parallax, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −8 km/s.

## Nomenclature

*η Lyrae* (Latinised to *Eta Lyrae*) is the binary star's Bayer designation. Its designation as the *A* component of a double star, and of its two constituents as the *Aa* and *Ab* components, derives from the convention used by the Washington Multiplicity Catalog (WMC) for multiple star systems, and adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).

'BD +38 3491' is the 'B' component's designation in the Bonner Durchmusterung astrometric star catalogue.

Eta Lyrae bore the traditional name *Aladfar*, from the Arabic *الأظفر* *al-ʼuẓfur* "the talons (of the swooping eagle)", a name it shares with Mu Lyrae (though the latter is typically spelled *Alathfar*). The Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) has approved the name *Aladfar* for the Aa component of the system (the primary component of Eta Lyrae).

## Properties

The suspected radial velocity variations of this star in 1938 led to it being incorrectly classified as a Beta Cephei-type star, although there was some early disagreement about the variation. In 1951, J. A. Pearce and R. M. Petrie also noted that the star appeared to have a variable radial velocity. It was announced as a binary system by H. A. Abt and S. G. Levy in 1978, who listed it as a single-lined spectroscopic binary, albeit with marginal elements. The putative components have an orbital period of 56 days with an eccentricity (ovalness) of 0.5 and a small radial velocity variation of 2.8 km/s.

The visible component of this system is a massive B-type star with a stellar classification of B2.5IV. It is around 23 million years old with ten times the mass of the Sun and a low rotational velocity. The star is radiating around 19,095 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 19,525 K. A magnetic field has been detected with an average quadratic field strength of (169.0±115.9)×10−4 .

The magnitude 8.58 star BD +38 3491 forms a visual companion to this pair. It is designated Eta Lyrae B in the Washington Double Star Catalog, and is located at an angular separation of 28.40 arcseconds along a position angle of 81°, as of 2017.

## InfoBox

Eta Lyrae
| Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000 | |
| --- | --- |
| Constellation | Lyra |
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| Right ascension | 19h 13m 45.48832s |
| Declination | +39° 08 45.4801 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 4.43 |
| Characteristics | |
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| Spectral type | B2.5IV |
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| B−V color index | −0.150±0.002 |
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| Astrometry | |
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| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | −8.1±0.9 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: −0.60 mas/yr
Dec.: −1.26 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 2.35 ± 0.13 mas |
| **Distance** | 1,390 ± 80 ly
(430 ± 20 pc) |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | −3.71 |
|  | |
| Orbit | |
| **Period (P)** | 56.4±0.5 d |
| **Semi-major axis (a)** | 1.841 Gm (0.01231 AU) |
| **Eccentricity (e)** | 0.53±0.12 |
| **Periastron epoch (T)** | 2,441,868.4±3.4 JD |
| **Argument of periastron (ω)**
(secondary) | 337±28° |
| **Semi-amplitude** (K1)
(primary) | 2.8±0.5 km/s |
| Details | |
|  | |
| **Mass** | 9.97±0.98 *M*
10.1±1.0 |
| **Radius** | 4.3 |
| **Luminosity** | 6,605 |
| **Luminosity (bolometric)** | 19,095 |
| **Surface gravity (log *g*)** | 3.38 cgs |
| **Temperature** | 17,360 K
19,525 |
| **Metallicity** \[Fe/H\] | −0.01 dex |
| **Rotational velocity (*v* sin *i*)** | 10 km/s |
| **Age** | 22.5±2.6 Myr |
|  | |
| Other designations | |
| Eta Lyr or η Lyr, 20 Lyr, BD+38°3490, HD 180163, HIP 94481, HR 7298, SAO 68010, WDS 19138+3909 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: Eta Mensae

abstract: Eta Mensae, Latinized from η Mensae, is the Bayer designation for a solitary, orange-hued star in the southern constellation of Mensa. This object has an apparent visual magnitude of 5.47, which is sufficiently luminous to be faintly visible to the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 4.88 mas as seen from Earth, this star is located roughly 670 light years from the Sun. This is an evolved K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K4 III. It is radiating 616 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,055 K. The star displays an infrared excess that suggests the presence of circumstellar dust. Eta Mensae is a probable member of the stream of stars associated with the Hyades cluster.

text:
# Eta Mensae

**Eta Mensae**, Latinized from η Mensae, is the Bayer designation for a solitary, orange-hued star in the southern constellation of Mensa. This object has an apparent visual magnitude of 5.47, which is sufficiently luminous to be faintly visible to the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 4.88 mas as seen from Earth, this star is located roughly 670 light years from the Sun.

This is an evolved K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K4 III. It is radiating 616 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,055 K. The star displays an infrared excess that suggests the presence of circumstellar dust. Eta Mensae is a probable member of the stream of stars associated with the Hyades cluster.

## InfoBox

Eta Mensae
| Location of η Mensae (circled) | |
| --- | --- |
| Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS) | |
| Constellation | Mensa |
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| Right ascension | 04h 55m 11.20309s |
| Declination | −74° 56 12.6705 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 5.47 |
| Characteristics | |
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| Spectral type | K4 III |
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| U−B color index | +1.82 |
| B−V color index | +1.52 |
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| Astrometry | |
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| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: +28.27 mas/yr
Dec.: +61.52 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 5.0299 ± 0.0998 mas |
| **Distance** | 650 ± 10 ly
(199 ± 4 pc) |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | −1.08 |
|  | |
| Details | |
|  | |
| **Luminosity** | 616 |
| **Surface gravity (log *g*)** | 1.15 cgs |
| **Temperature** | 4,055 |
| **Metallicity** \[Fe/H\] | −0.17 dex |
|  | |
| Other designations | |
| η Men, CPD−75° 290, FK5 1138, HD 32440, HIP 22871, HR 1629, SAO 256145 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: Eudectus

abstract:
Eudectus is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Staphylinidae. The species of this genus are found in Europe and Japan. Species:
  - Eudectus altaiensis Zerche, 1990
  - Eudectus crassicornis LeConte, 1884

text:
# Eudectus

***Eudectus*** is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Staphylinidae.

The species of this genus are found in Europe and Japan.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Eudectus* | |
| --- | --- |
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| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Staphylinidae |
| Genus: | *Eudectus*<br>Redtenbacher, 1857 |
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title: Eudasyphora cyanicolor

abstract: Eudasyphora cyanicolor is a species of fly which is distributed across many parts the Palaearctic.

text:
# Eudasyphora cyanicolor

***Eudasyphora cyanicolor*** is a species of fly which is distributed across many parts the Palaearctic.

## InfoBox

| *Eudasyphora cyanicolor* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Female *Eudasyphora cyanicolor* | |
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| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Muscidae |
| Tribe: | Muscini |
| Genus: | *Eudasyphora* |
| Species: | ***E. cyanicolor*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eudasyphora cyanicolor***<br>(Zetterstedt, 1845) | |
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title: Eude Brito

abstract: Eude Ezequiel Brito Romero, is a Dominican former professional baseball pitcher, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies, from 2005 to 2006. The left-hander posted a lifetime big league win–loss record of 2–4.

text:
# Eude Brito

**Eude Ezequiel Brito Romero** (born August 19, 1978), is a Dominican former professional baseball pitcher, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies, from 2005 to 2006. The left-hander posted a lifetime big league win–loss record of 2–4.

## Career

Brito was signed by the Philadelphia Phillies on July 3, 1998, as a non-drafted amateur free agent. After playing in the Phillies’ Minor League Baseball (MiLB) farm system, from 1999 to 2004, he made his MLB debut, on August 21, 2005, with the Phillies. For the 2005 season, Brito posted a win–loss record of 1–2, with a 3.68 earned run average (ERA). In March 2006, he pitched for the Dominican Republic national baseball team, during the inaugural 2006 World Baseball Classic (WBC), alongside Albert Pujols, among many other elite baseball players from around the globe.

Brito had begun 2006 spring training with the Phillies, but when he returned from the WBC, the team optioned him to the Triple-A International League Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red Barons. On June 3, 2006, he was recalled to the Phils, but was sent back to the minors on June 9, after having lost his first two decisions. Despite his having notched one last MLB victory, achieved during a late-season cup of coffee with Philadelphia, Brito was granted free agency, on October 29, 2007.

On January 11, 2008, Brito signed a minor league contract with the Washington Nationals. He began the 2008 season with the Double-A Eastern League Harrisburg Senators and quickly earned a promotion to Triple-A, before being released, on April 16, 2008. On April 22, 2008, he signed a minor league contract with the New York Mets, subsequently playing at their Double- and Triple-A levels. Brito became a free agent, following the end of the season. In 2009 and 2010, he pitched for the St. George Roadrunners of the (Independent) Golden Baseball League.

## InfoBox

| Eude Brito | |
| --- | --- |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:**  (1978-08-19) August 19, 1978<br>Sabana de la Mar, Dominican Republic | |
| **Batted:** Left**Threw:** Left | |
| MLB debut | |
| August 21, 2005, for the Philadelphia Phillies | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| September 18, 2006, for the Philadelphia Phillies | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Win–loss record | 2–4 |
| Earned run average | 5.36 |
| Strikeouts | 24 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Eugênio Bucci

abstract: Eugênio Bucci (Orlândia) is a Brazilian journalist, known for his works at many Brazilian publications and also for his time as president of Radiobras.

text:
# Eugênio Bucci

**Eugênio Bucci** (Orlândia) is a Brazilian journalist, known for his works at many Brazilian publications and also for his time as president of Radiobras (now working under the name Agência Brasil).

## Biography

Bucci graduated in Social Communication at Communication and Arts School of the University of São Paulo (ECA-USP) in 1982 and in Law at the same university.

In 1984, he was president of the Centro Acadêmico XI de Agosto, from USP. His campaign group was called "The Pravda", in allusion of the American newspaper *The New York Times* and the official soviet publication *Pravda*. The same group elected his successor, Fernando Haddad. Affiliated to the Worker's Party in the early 80s, he was the creator and first editor of the magazine Teoria e Debate, published by Fundação Perseu Abramo.

As a journalist, he was director of magazines such as *Set*, *Superinteressante*, *Playboy* and *Quatro Rodas*, culture and television critic in newspapers like (*Folha de S.Paulo*, *O Estado de S. Paulo*, *Jornal do Brasil*) and magazines as (*Veja*, *Nova Escola* and *Sem Fronteiras*), besides being Editorial Secretary of Editora Abril.

In 2002, he became doctor at Communication Science, Journalism area, at ECA-USP. He taught journalistic ethics at Faculdade Cásper Líbero in 2001 and 2002.

From January 2003 to April 2007, he directed Radiobrás (Empresa Brasileira de Comunicação S.A), leading the process of revitalization and repositioning of the company. His work was positively received by the press, the critics and other politicians and intellectuals, granting him national and international prizes.

After leaving the position at Radiobras, he became visiting professor at the Advanced Studies Institute of University of São Paulo. Currently, he is a member of the Curator Council of the Fundação Padre Anchieta, he works occasionally for *O Estado de S. Paulo* and with the website Observatório da Imprensa. In 2008, he became a professor at ECA-USP. In the same year, he became ombudsman of the "Jornal do Campus", a newspaper edited by the students from the second grade of the Journalist course of the university. In 2010, he became director of the new post-graduation course of journalism at ESPM, although he still works at USP.

Bucci has published many books, including a partnership with Maria Rita Kehl.

## Bibliography

* 2009: "A Imprensa e o Dever da Liberdade", Editora Contexto.
* 2008: "Em Brasília, 19 horas: a Guerra entre a Chapa-branca e o Direito à Informação no Primeiro Governo Lula", Editora Record.
* 2006: "Jornalismo Sitiado" (livro + DVD, com Sidnei Basile), estúdio Log On / Culturamarcas.
* 2004: "Videologias" (co-autora Maria Rita Kehl), Editora Boitempo.
* 2003: "Do B: Críticas para o Caderno B do Jornal do Brasil".
* 2001: "Sobre ética e imprensa", ed. Companhia das Letras.
* 2000: "A TV aos 50" (org.), Fundação Perseu Abramo.
* 1997: "Brasil em Tempo de TV", Editora Boitempo.
* 1993: "O Peixe Morre pela Boca: oito Artigos sobre Cultura e Poder", Scritta Editorial.
* 1982: "Um Balde" (compilation of poetry in collaboration with Guian de Bastos and Gomes Moor), edited by Masao Ohno.

Articles published in collective books * 2007: "Comunicação pública: Estado, Mercado, Sociedade e Interesse Público" (org. Jorge Duarte), Editora Atlas.
* 2004: "Educação, Cidadania e Direitos Humanos" (org. José Sérgio Fonseca de Carvalho), Editora Vozes.
* 2002: "Comunicação na Pólis: Ensaios sobre Mídia e Política" (org. Clóvis de Barros Filho), Editora Vozes.
* 1996: "Libertinos, Libertários"; (org. Adauto Novaes), Companhia das Letras.
* 1993: "Diário da Viagem ao Brasil Esquecido", Scritta Editorial.
* 1992: "O Cinema dos Anos 80"; (org. Amir Labaki), Editora Brasiliense.


title: Eucalyptus foliosa

abstract: Eucalyptus foliosa is a species of mallee that is endemic to Western Australia. It has a dense crown with foliage reaching to the ground, smooth greyish bark, linear to narrow lance-shaped or narrow oblong adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven or nine, white flowers and conical to shortened hemispherical fruit. It is only known from a small area near Esperance.

text:
# Eucalyptus foliosa

***Eucalyptus foliosa*** is a species of mallee that is endemic to Western Australia. It has a dense crown with foliage reaching to the ground, smooth greyish bark, linear to narrow lance-shaped or narrow oblong adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven or nine, white flowers and conical to shortened hemispherical fruit. It is only known from a small area near Esperance.

## Description

*Eucalyptus foliosa* is a mallee that typically grows to a height of 3–4 m (9.8–13.1 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has a dense crown of glossy green leaves that reaches to the ground. The bark is smooth and greyish with brownish patches and sometimes hangs in ribbons. The adult leaves are narrow lance-shaped or narrow oblong, the same colour on both sides, 45–75 mm (1.8–3.0 in) long and 5–11 mm (0.20–0.43 in) wide on a petiole 3–8 mm (0.12–0.31 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven or nine on a peduncle 2–6 mm (0.079–0.236 in) long, the individual buds on pedicels 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) long. Mature buds are shaped like an egg in an egg cup, about 5 mm (0.20 in) long and 4 mm (0.16 in) wide with a rounded operculum. The flowers are white and the fruit is a woody, conical to shortened hemispherical capsule 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long and 6–7 mm (0.24–0.28 in) wide with the valves near rim level.

## Taxonomy and naming

*Eucalyptus foliosa* was first formally described in 1992 by Ken Hill and Lawrie Johnson in the journal *Telopea* from a specimen collected north of Esperance. The specific epithet (*foliosa*) is a Latin word meaning "leafy", referring to the dense crown of this species.

## Distribution and habitat

This mallee is found growing in sandy clay soils on flat areas adjacent to salt lakes and has a limited range near Esperance in the Esperance Plains and Mallee biogeographic regions of Western Australia.

## Conservation status

This eucalypt is listed as critically endangered by IUCN. It is considered "Priority Three" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.

## InfoBox

| *Eucalyptus foliosa* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
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Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Eucalyptus* |
| Species: | ***E. foliosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eucalyptus foliosa***
L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill | |
|


title: Eucalyptus fraxinoides

abstract: Eucalyptus fraxinoides, commonly known as the white ash or white mountain ash, is a medium-sized to tall tree of mountain country and is endemic to south eastern Australia. It has rough, compacted greyish bark on the lower trunk, smooth white bark with scribbles above, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, white flowers and barrel-shaped or urn-shaped fruit.

text:
# Eucalyptus fraxinoides

***Eucalyptus fraxinoides***, commonly known as the **white ash** or **white mountain ash**, is a medium-sized to tall tree of mountain country and is endemic to south eastern Australia. It has rough, compacted greyish bark on the lower trunk, smooth white bark with scribbles above, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, white flowers and barrel-shaped or urn-shaped fruit.

## Description

*Eucalyptus fraxinoides* is a tree that typically grows to a height of 40 m (130 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has rough, greyish, short fibrous bark on the lower trunk, smooth white, grey or yellow bark with insect scribbles above. Young plants and coppice regrowth have sessile, elliptic to egg-shaped to lance-shaped or curved leaves that are 60–150 mm (2.4–5.9 in) long and 15–45 mm (0.59–1.77 in) wide. Adult leaves are lance-shaped or curved, 80–180 mm (3.1–7.1 in) long and 10–35 mm (0.39–1.38 in) wide on a petiole 8–16 mm (0.31–0.63 in) wide. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven, nine or eleven on an unbranched peduncle 5–18 mm (0.20–0.71 in) long, the individual buds on pedicels 1–6 mm (0.039–0.236 in) long. Mature buds are oval, 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide with a conical to rounded operculum. Flowering occurs from December to February and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, barrel-shaped or urn-shaped capsule 7–11 mm (0.28–0.43 in) long and 6–11 mm (0.24–0.43 in) wide.

## Taxonomy and naming

*Eucalyptus fraxinoides* was first formally described in 1898 by Henry Deane and Joseph Maiden from specimens they collected with William Bäuerlen on Tantawangalo Mountain near Cathcart. The description was published in *Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales*. The specific epithet (*fraxinoides*) refers to a perceived similarity to trees in the genus *Fraxinus*. (The suffix *-oides* means "likeness" in Latin.) *Fraxinus americana* is also known as white ash.

## Distribution and habitat

White ash grows in cool, moist forest on mountain ranges near the coast and on the tablelands of southern New South Wales and far north-eastern Victoria where it often grows in pure stands. In New South Wales it is found south from Sassafras near Tianjara and in Victoria it is confined to the Howe Range near Mallacoota.

## InfoBox

| White ash | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Eucalyptus fraxinoides* on Brown Mountain | |
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Eucalyptus* |
| Species: | ***E. fraxinoides*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eucalyptus fraxinoides***<br>H.Deane & Maiden | |
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| Synonyms | |
| * *Eucalyptus fraxinoides* H.Deane & Maiden var. *fraxinoides* * *Eucalyptus virgata* var. *fraxinoides* (H.Deane & Maiden) Maiden | |


title: Eumegaparia

abstract: Eumegaparia is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

text:
# Eumegaparia

***Eumegaparia*** is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

## Distribution

Canada, United States.

## InfoBox

| *Eumegaparia* | |
| --- | --- |
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| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tachinidae |
| Subfamily: | Dexiinae |
| Tribe: | Dexiini |
| Genus: | *Eumegaparia*
Townsend, 1908 |
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| Type species | |
| *Megaparia flaveola*
Coquillett, 1902 | |
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Eumegethes

abstract: Eumegethes is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.

text:
# Eumegethes

***Eumegethes*** is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.

* Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul. "Search results Family: Geometridae". *Butterflies and Moths of the World*. Natural History Museum, London.

## InfoBox

| *Eumegethes* | |
| --- | --- |
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Subfamily: | Oenochrominae |
| Genus: | ***Eumegethes*** |
|


title: Eudonia yaoundeiensis

abstract: Eudonia yaoundeiensis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Koen V. N. Maes in 1996. It is found in Cameroon.

text:
# Eudonia yaoundeiensis

***Eudonia yaoundeiensis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Koen V. N. Maes in 1996. It is found in Cameroon.

## InfoBox

| *Eudonia yaoundeiensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Eudonia* |
| Species: | ***E. yaoundeiensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eudonia yaoundeiensis***<br>Maes, 1996 | |
|


title: Eumerus funeralis

abstract: Eumerus funeralis or lesser bulb fly is a species of Hoverfly, from the family Syrphidae, in the order Diptera. E. funeralis appears in Peck (1988) as a synonym of E. strigatus (Fallen), but was reinstated as the correct name for tuberculatus Rondani, sensu auctorum by Speight et al. (1998).

text:
# Eumerus funeralis

***Eumerus funeralis*** or **lesser bulb fly** is a species of Hoverfly, from the family Syrphidae, in the order Diptera. *E. funeralis* appears in Peck (1988) as a synonym of *E. strigatus* (Fallen), but was reinstated as the correct name for *tuberculatus* Rondani, sensu auctorum by Speight et al. (1998).

## Description

External images For terms, see: Morphology of Diptera.

Wing length: 3.5–6 mm (0.14–0.24 in). Stigma are dark brown blackish. Femur 3 has a small ventral process at the base and apical to this projection a bare, shiny area. Female has frons with a large and squarish shiny area occupying its entire width except for the narrow white dust strips against the eye. Tergites are blackish, no red-brown markings. Van Veen, M. (2004) figures the male genitalia. The larva is illustrated by Rotheray (1993)

## Distribution

Originated in the Mediterranean basin, but becoming cosmopolitan, especially in the Palaearctic and Nearctic.

## Biology

The habitat is open ground, dry grassland and clearings in dry woodland. Occurs also in suburban gardens and land used for horticulture. Flowers visited include *Euphorbia*, *Fragaria*, *Leucanthemum*, *Ranunculus*. The flight period is April to September, with peaks in June and August. The larva is phytophagous, feeding in damaged bulbs. Minor pest of *Amaryllis*, *Hyacinthus* and *Narcissus*.

## InfoBox

| *Eumerus funeralis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Mating pair | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Syrphidae |
| Genus: | *Eumerus* |
| Species: | ***E. funeralis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eumerus funeralis***<br>Meigen, 1822 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Eumerus tuberculatus* Rondani, 1857 | |


title: Eupithecia furvipennis

abstract: Eupithecia furvipennis is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Argentina.

text:
# Eupithecia furvipennis

***Eupithecia furvipennis*** is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Argentina.

## InfoBox

| *Eupithecia furvipennis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Eupithecia* |
| Species: | ***E. furvipennis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eupithecia furvipennis***<br>(Dognin, 1906) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Tephroclystia furvipennis* Dognin, 1906 | |


title: Eupanacra splendens

abstract: Eupanacra splendens is a moth of the family Sphingidae.

text:
# Eupanacra splendens

***Eupanacra splendens*** is a moth of the family Sphingidae.

## Distribution

It is known from the Moluccas, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and north-eastern Australia.

## Description

The wingspan is about 50 mm.

## Biology

Larvae have been recorded feeding on *Epipremnum pinnatum*.

## Subspecies

* *Eupanacra splendens splendens* (Moluccas (Halmahera, Buru, Ambon, Aru, Kai Islands), Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, north-eastern Australia)
* *Eupanacra splendens paradoxa* (Gehlen, 1932) (Moluccas)

## InfoBox

| *Eupanacra splendens* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Eupanacra splendens splendens* male dorsal | |
|  | |
| *Eupanacra splendens splendens* male ventral | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Sphingidae |
| Genus: | *Eupanacra* |
| Species: | ***E. splendens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eupanacra splendens***<br>(Rothschild, 1894) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Panacra splendens* Rothschild, 1894 * *Panacra splendens salomonis* Clark, 1920 * *Panacra splendens paradoxa* Gehlen, 1932 | |


title: Euphiusa

abstract: Euphiusa is a monotypic genus of moths in the family Erebidae. Its sole species is Euphiusa harmonica (Hampson, 1902).

text:
# Euphiusa

***Euphiusa*** is a monotypic genus of moths in the family Erebidae. Its sole species is ***Euphiusa harmonica*** (Hampson, 1902).

## InfoBox

| *Euphiusa* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Tribe: | Ophiusini |
| Genus: | *Euphiusa*<br>Hampson, 1902 |
|


title: Europe's Biggest Dance Show 2022

abstract: Europe's Biggest Dance Show 2022 was the fifth iteration of Europe's Biggest Dance Show, a multi-nation dance music simulcast hosted by BBC Radio 1, in collaboration with European radio stations 1LIVE, FM4, Fritz, NPO 3FM, NRK mP3, RTÉ 2FM, Studio Brussel, SR P3, YleX, and for the first time, Radio Promin of Ukrainian national broadcasting company UA:PBC.

text:
# Europe's Biggest Dance Show 2022

***Europe's Biggest Dance Show 2022*** was the fifth iteration of *Europe's Biggest Dance Show*, a multi-nation dance music simulcast hosted by BBC Radio 1, in collaboration with European radio stations 1LIVE, FM4, Fritz, NPO 3FM, NRK mP3, RTÉ 2FM, Studio Brussel, SR P3, YleX, and for the first time, Radio Promin of Ukrainian national broadcasting company UA:PBC.

## Background

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) announced on 5 October 2022 that the fifth iteration of *Europe's Biggest Dance Show* would take place on 14 October.

The simulcast started at 18:30 BST, with Danny Howard introducing for BBC Radio 1 in London. As was the case for the 2021 iteration of the simulcast, each radio station contributed 30 minutes of dance music from their respective country. Each radio station sent their feeds to Broadcasting House in London, where they were mixed by BBC senior technical producer Dan Morris before being sent back to the radio stations for broadcast.

NPO 3FM from the Netherlands returned after withdrawing from the 2021 iteration, while Ukraine's Radio Promin contributed for the first time.

> | Dan Morris |  |
> | --- | --- |
> | | @DanDJMorris |
>
> Back at the controls of Europe’s Biggest Dance Show tonight from 18:30BST
>
> 1830 🇬🇧 @BBCR1 1900 🇳🇴 @NRKno MP3 1930 🇩🇪 @1LIVE 2000 🇩🇪 @fritz\_offiziell 2030 🇸🇪 @sverigesradio P3 2100 🇮🇪 @RTE2fm 2130 🇧🇪 @stubru 2200 🇦🇹 @radiofm4 2230 🇫🇮 @ylex 2300 🇳🇱 @npo3fm 2330 🇺🇦 @suspilne\_news Radio Promin
>
> 14 October 2022

## Running order

| Time (BST) | Country of origin | Radio station | DJ | Presenter |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:30 | United Kingdom | BBC Radio 1 | Dusky | Danny Howard |
| 19:00 | Norway | NRK mP3 | Broiler | Abiel Tesfai |
| 19:30 | Germany | 1LIVE | Topic | Jan-Christian Zeller |
| 20:00 | | Fritz | Gheist | Bruno Dietel |
| 20:30 | Sweden | SR P3 | Bella Boo | Samir Yosufi |
| 21:00 | Ireland | RTÉ 2FM | Jenny Greene | |
| 21:30 | Belgium | Studio Brussel | Amber Broos | |
| 22:00 | Austria | FM4 | Joyce Muniz | DJ Functionist |
| 22:30 | Finland | YleX | DJ Orion | |
| 23:00 | Netherlands | NPO 3FM | Oliver Heldens | Rámon Verkoeijen |
| 23:30 | Ukraine | Radio Promin | Victoria Polchenko
DJ Leo Levsky | Denis Denisenko |

## InfoBox

Europe's Biggest Dance Show 2022
| Genre | Dance |
| --- | --- |
| Running time | 330 minutes (6:30 pm  12:00 am) |
| Country of origin | Austria
Belgium
Finland
Germany
Ireland
Netherlands
Norway
Sweden
Ukraine
United Kingdom |
| Language(s) | primarily English |
| Home station | BBC Radio 1 |
| Syndicates | 1LIVE
FM4
Fritz
NPO 3FM
NRK mP3
Radio Promin
RTÉ 2FM
Studio Brussel
SR P3
YleX |
| Produced by | Dan Morris |
| Original release | 14 October
14 October 2022 |
| Audio format | Stereophonic sound |
| Website | Europe's Biggest Dance Show |


title: Eva Noer Kondrup

abstract: Eva Noer Kondrup is a Danish composer of classical music who has written piano pieces, chamber music, orchestral works and operas. As resident composer with the Aalborg Symphony Orchestra in the early 2000s, she wrote Ulvemælk and Salt strøm salt. She is however associated above all with her operas, Neja (1999) and Den Rejsende or The Traveller (2018).

text:
# Eva Noer Kondrup

**Eva Noer Kondrup** (born 23 April 1964) is a Danish composer of classical music who has written piano pieces, chamber music, orchestral works and operas. As resident composer with the Aalborg Symphony Orchestra in the early 2000s, she wrote *Ulvemælk* (for viola and symphony orchestra) and *Salt strøm salt* (for soprano and orchestra). She is however associated above all with her operas, *Neja* (1999) and *Den Rejsende* or *The Traveller* (2018).

## Biography

Born in 1964, Eva Noer Kondrup enjoyed listening to music and playing folk music as a child but it was first when she was 18 that she became seriously interested in classical music. Despite following an introductory course to music at Holsterbro Musikskole, it was not until her late twenties that she started to study composition at the Royal Danish Academy of Music, graduating in 1997. In addition, she attended master classes with Iannis Xenakis, George Crumb and Louis Andriessen and studied composition under Hans Gefors at the Malmö Academy of Music.

Her latest composition, the 50-minute experimental opera *Den Rejsende* (*The Traveller*) is inspired by the large number of refugees who crossed the Danish border in September 2015 and made their way to Sweden, walking along the motorway. The music is based on the folk music traditions of the Middle East and the Balkans. The première on 3 February 2018 is to be presented in the Takkelloftet room at the Royal Danish Theatre in Copenhagen.

## Compositions

Noer Kondrup's compositions include:

* 3 Studies for Piano, 1993
* Wave piece, chamber music, 1993
* 3 sange fra Det, mezzo-soprano solos with instrumental accompaniment, 1995
* Epilog, chamber music, 1995
* Diary from the Mountains, flute solo, 1996
* Klara's Perle, orchestra, 1997
* While Time Sleeps..., violin and piano, 1997
* Neja, opera, 1999
* Neja Sange, solo with instrumental accompaniment, 1999
* Ulvemælk, viola solo with orchestra, 2002
* En tur på stranden, piano solo, 2016
* Den Rejsende, opera, 2018

## Awards

In 2002, Noer Kondrup received *De unges Sonningpris* (the Sonning Youth Prize) from the Danish Léonie Sonnings Music Foundation.