title: Thomas William Hogarth

abstract: Thomas William Hogarth was a Scottish, later Australian, veterinarian, writer on dogs, dog judge, dog breeder, genetics enthusiast and veterinary surgeon. He was an author of several books published in the 1930s about the Bull Terrier and breeding of Bull Terriers. Hogarth was born in Kelso on the borders of Scotland, on 6 April 1901. He attended Kelso High School and Giggleswick School. After the First World War he traveled to and worked in Canada. He bred Bull Terriers in the early 1920s in Scotland using the kennel name Galalaw. Hogarth traveled extensively in the late 1920s and early 1930s as a dog judge, especially in 1929, when he judged in South Africa, India, Ceylon, Burma, and Australia. While in Perth, Western Australia, he made comments related to the public debate about the Alsatian question. He also judged dogs in Argentina in the early 1930s. He attended Ontario Veterinary College, University of Toronto in the 1930s, and he graduated in 1937. While he was studying he published four books relating to Bull Terriers in the 1930s, as well as one book on recollections of his dog judging travels, and possibly the only book of verse about Bull Terriers. Hogarth settled in and practiced as a Veterinary Surgeon at Swanbourne Veterinary Hospital, in Perth, Western Australia 1940s to the 1960s. The main customers were dog and cat owners, but he did have the opportunity to deal with the occasional circus animal from visiting circuses. He was involved with early stages of the Guide Dogs for the Blind, Dogs Refuge Home, Western Australian Veterinary Surgeons Board and was patron of the Fremantle Ladies Pipe Band. In the 1970s and 1980s he was one of a group of West Australian book collectors who were well known on the antiquarian book sale and auction circuit in Perth. He built up a private library of 10,000 volumes. On retirement he lived in Darlington, Western Australia. He occasionally judged at dog shows in his 70s. With his wife, he bred Old English Game fowl and kept a range of dogs - but never a bull terrier. He died in Perth, Western Australia on Australia Day, 26 January 1999. His wife, son and three grandchildren survived him.

text:
# Thomas William Hogarth

**Thomas William Hogarth** (Kelso, 6 April 1901 – 26 January 1999) was a Scottish, later Australian, veterinarian, writer on dogs, dog judge, dog breeder, genetics enthusiast and veterinary surgeon. He was an author of several books published in the 1930s about the Bull Terrier and breeding of Bull Terriers.

Hogarth was born in Kelso on the borders of Scotland, on 6 April 1901. He attended Kelso High School and Giggleswick School. After the First World War he traveled to and worked in Canada. He bred Bull Terriers in the early 1920s in Scotland using the kennel name *Galalaw*.

Hogarth traveled extensively in the late 1920s and early 1930s as a dog judge, especially in 1929, when he judged in South Africa, India, Ceylon, Burma, and Australia.

While in Perth, Western Australia, he made comments related to the public debate about the Alsatian question.

He also judged dogs in Argentina in the early 1930s. He attended Ontario Veterinary College, University of Toronto (now University of Guelph) in the 1930s, and he graduated in 1937. While he was studying he published four books relating to Bull Terriers in the 1930s, as well as one book on recollections of his dog judging travels, and possibly the only book of verse about Bull Terriers.

Hogarth settled in and practiced as a Veterinary Surgeon at Swanbourne Veterinary Hospital (now known as Swanbourne Veterinary Centre), in Perth, Western Australia 1940s to the 1960s.

The main customers were dog and cat owners, but he did have the opportunity to deal with the occasional circus animal from visiting circuses. He was involved with early stages of the Guide Dogs for the Blind, Dogs Refuge Home, Western Australian Veterinary Surgeons Board and was patron of the Fremantle Ladies Pipe Band.

In the 1970s and 1980s he was one of a group of West Australian book collectors who were well known on the antiquarian book sale and auction circuit in Perth. He built up a private library of 10,000 volumes.

On retirement he lived in Darlington, Western Australia. He occasionally judged at dog shows in his 70s. With his wife, he bred Old English Game fowl and kept a range of dogs - but never a bull terrier. He died in Perth, Western Australia on Australia Day, 26 January 1999. His wife, son and three grandchildren survived him.

## 1929 Dog judging and travel

These are correlated to some of the text - *Travels of a Dog Judge*.

* 3 January Sangrur, Jind, India
* January Patiala, India
* 25–26 January Calcutta, India
* 30 January Rangoon, Burma
* 8–9 February Chutter Manzil, Lucknow, India
* 11–12 February Allahabad, India
* 18–19 February Bombay, India
* 25 February Patiala, India
* 4 March Dehra Dun, India
* 8 March Calcutta, India
* 15 March Colombo, Ceylon
* 27–28 March Perth, Western Australia
* April, South Australia
* 26–27 April Sydney, New South Wales
* 14–18 May Ipswich, Queensland
* 3 June Newcastle, New South Wales
* 7–8 June Melbourne, Victoria
* 2–3 August Ceylon
* 20–21 September Durban, South Africa
* October Buenos Aires, Argentina

## Bibliography

* *The Bull Terrier*, Manchester: Our Dogs. 1931. First Edition.
* *The Coloured and Colour Breeding*, Galashiels: A Walker & Son. 1932
    + Chapter 'Colour Breeding in Bull Terriers' by Major T Grahame and Captain J.N. Ritchie.
    + Chapter 'Colour Inheritance in Bull-terriers' by Dr F Fraser Darling
* *Travels of a Dog Judge Round the World*, Galashiels, A Walker & Son 1935
* *A Bull Terrier Notebook*, Galashiels, A Walker & Son 1936
* *Bull-Terrier Doggerel*, Galashiels: A Walker & Son. 1937
* *The Bull Terrier*, Manchester, Our Dogs. 1937. Second edition.
* American reprint of *The Bull Terrier*, First Edition was not done in consultation with either Dr Hogarth or his family.
* Articles in the 1920s and 1930s in 'Our Dogs' and other dog magazines and newspapers.

## InfoBox

| Thomas William Hogarth | |
| --- | --- |
| Thomas William Hogarth, c.1929 | |
| Born | (1901-04-06)6 April 1901
Kelso, Scotland |
| Died | 26 January 1999(1999-01-26) (aged 97)
Perth, Western Australia |
| Occupation | Veterinarian |


title: Thomas William Hay

abstract: Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas William Hay was a British military officer and politician, who served as the Conservative Member of Parliament for South Norfolk in 1922–23. Hay was the son of Admiral Lord John Hay, and was educated at Clifton College. During the First World War he served with the Leicestershire Yeomanry and the 16th Lancers, and was mentioned in despatches. In the 1922 United Kingdom general election, he was the Conservative candidate for South Norfolk; the Liberal Party did not stand a candidate, leaving a direct contest between Hay and the incumbent Labour member, George Edwards, who had won the seat in a 1920 by-election. Hay won by a small majority. However, at the subsequent 1923 general election he was defeated by Edwards. Hay thus sat for slightly under a year, one of the shortest-serving MPs in history. He did not contest the 1924 general election, which saw the seat return to Conservative control. During the Second World War, Hay served with the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve, rising to the rank of squadron leader.

text:
# Thomas William Hay

Lieutenant-Colonel **Thomas William Hay** (25 August 1882 – 10 July 1956) was a British military officer and politician, who served as the Conservative Member of Parliament for South Norfolk in 1922–23.

Hay was the son of Admiral Lord John Hay, and was educated at Clifton College. During the First World War he served with the Leicestershire Yeomanry and the 16th Lancers, and was mentioned in despatches.

In the 1922 United Kingdom general election, he was the Conservative candidate for South Norfolk; the Liberal Party did not stand a candidate, leaving a direct contest between Hay and the incumbent Labour member, George Edwards, who had won the seat in a 1920 by-election. Hay won by a small majority. However, at the subsequent 1923 general election he was defeated by Edwards. Hay thus sat for slightly under a year, one of the shortest-serving MPs in history. He did not contest the 1924 general election, which saw the seat return to Conservative control.

During the Second World War, Hay served with the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve, rising to the rank of squadron leader.


title: Dysdaemonia

abstract: Dysdaemonia is a genus of moths in the family Saturniidae first described by Jacob Hübner in 1819.

text:
# Dysdaemonia

***Dysdaemonia*** is a genus of moths in the family Saturniidae first described by Jacob Hübner in 1819.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Dysdaemonia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Dysdaemonia boreas (Cramer, \[1775\]) Ex coll. Felix Stumpe | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Saturniidae |
| Subfamily: | Arsenurinae |
| Genus: | *Dysdaemonia*<br>Hübner, 1819 |
|


title: Dysdera aculeata

abstract: Dysdera aculeata is a spider species found from Central Asia. It has been introduced in Croatia.

text:
# Dysdera aculeata

***Dysdera aculeata*** is a spider species found from Central Asia. It has been introduced in Croatia.

## InfoBox

| *Dysdera aculeata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Dysderidae |
| Genus: | *Dysdera* |
| Species: | ***D. aculeata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dysdera aculeata***<br>Kroneberg, 1875 | |
|


title: Thomasia pauciflora

abstract: Thomasia pauciflora, commonly known as few-flowered thomasia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a slender, erect or straggling shrub with egg-shaped leaves and pink to purple, occasionally white flowers.

text:
# Thomasia pauciflora

***Thomasia pauciflora***, commonly known as **few-flowered thomasia**, is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a slender, erect or straggling shrub with egg-shaped leaves and pink to purple, occasionally white flowers.

## Description

*Thomasia pauciflora* is a slender, erect or straggling shrub that typically grows to 0.2–1.5 m (7.9 in – 4 ft 11.1 in) high and up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) wide, its new growth densely covered with rust-coloured, star-shaped hairs. The leaves are egg-shaped, 15–45 mm (0.59–1.77 in) long and 3–12 mm (0.12–0.47 in) wide on a petiole 6–18 mm (0.24–0.71 in) long with kidney-shaped stipules at the base. The edges of the leaves are wavy, sometimes lobed and both sides are covered with scattered rust-coloured, star-shaped hairs. The flowers are 12–15 mm (0.47–0.59 in) in diameter and arranged in racemes of up to 4 on a peduncle up to 20–25 mm (0.79–0.98 in) long. Each flower is on a pedicel 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) long with egg-shaped bracts and similar bracteoles 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long at the base. The sepals are pink to purple, occasionally white, and covered with star-shaped hairs. Flowering occurs from August to February.

## Taxonomy

*Thomasia pauciflora* was first formally described in 1839 by John Lindley in *A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony*. The specific epithet (*pauciflora*) means "few-flowered".

## Distribution and habitat

This thomasia usually grows as an understorey plant in winter-wet areas and swamps in jarrah and marri woodland and is widespread mainly from Perth to near Albany in the Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest, Swan Coastal Plain and Warren bioregions of south-western Western Australia.

## Conservation status

*Thomasia pauciflora* is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.

## InfoBox

| *Thomasia pauciflora* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Malvaceae |
| Genus: | *Thomasia* |
| Species: | ***T. pauciflora*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Thomasia pauciflora***<br>Lindl. | |
|


title: Thomas Hayton Mawson

abstract: Thomas Hayton Mawson, known as T. H. Mawson, was a British garden designer, landscape architect, and town planner.

text:
# Thomas Hayton Mawson

**Thomas Hayton Mawson** (5 May 1861  14 November 1933), known as **T. H. Mawson**, was a British garden designer, landscape architect, and town planner.

## Personal life

Mawson was born in Nether Wyresdale, Lancashire, and left school at age 12. His father, who died in 1877, was a warper in a cotton mill and later started a building business. Thomas married Anna Prentice in 1884 and the Mawsons made their family home in Windermere, Westmorland, in 1885. They had four sons and five daughters. Their eldest son, Edward Prentice Mawson, was a successful landscape architect and took over the running of his father's firm when his father developed Parkinson's disease in 1923. Another son, John Mawson, moved to New Zealand in 1928 as Director of Town Planning for that country.

Mawson died at Applegarth, Hest Bank, near Lancaster, Lancashire, aged 72, and is buried in Bowness Cemetery within a few miles of some of his best gardens and overlooking Windermere.

## Working life

To make a living, he worked first in the building trade in Lancaster, then at a London nursery where he gained experience in landscape gardening. In the 1880s he moved back north, where he and two brothers started the Lakeland Nursery in Windermere. The firm became sufficiently successful for him to be able to turn his attention to garden design.

Mawson's first commission was a local property, Graythwaite Hall, and his work there showed his hallmark blend of architecture and planting. He went on to design other gardens in Cumbria such as Langdale Chase, Holehird, Brockhole, and Holker Hall around the turn of the century.

In 1891 Mawson was commissioned to design and construct Belle Vue Park in Newport, Monmouthshire, Mawson's first win in an open competition. His design was, in fact, designed for the neighbouring field, the site of the then Newport and Monmouthshire Hospital after Mawson misunderstood directions on his first visit. The mistake was not realised until the first site visit, after the contract had been awarded.

Between 1894 and 1909 Mawson was commissioned to design and construct Dyffryn Gardens, the home of John Cory, in the Vale of Glamorgan. Mawson was the landscape designer for Glyn Cory Garden Village, funded by Cory and close to Dyffryn, in nearby Peterston-super-Ely. It was the first garden suburb in Wales. Other work in Wales included Maes Manor, near Blackwood, Caerphilly, for a local colliery owner, where Mawson extended the house and laid out an important garden.

In 1896, Mawson created the garden at Mount Stuart House on the Isle of Bute. The garden was said to have been inspired by the garden at Calvary and the Via Dolorosa in the Old City of Jerusalem.

Between 1902 and 1903 Thomas Mawson designed the summerhouse, balustraded terraces and pond within a formal garden for Albert Ochs at his new house at Walmer, Kent. Walmer Place was built in 1901 on the site of the earlier building known as Walmer Lodge. The summerhouse itself is of architectural merit with high quality stonework to its classical detailing and it survives largely intact. The designs for the gardens at Walmer Place were exhibited in 1903 at the Royal Academy.

The Rushton Hall estate in Northamptonshire has early 20th century formal terraced gardens designed by Mawson between 1905–1909 and implemented by his brother Robert. In 1908 Mawson was enlisted to design the main public park in the new town of Barrow-in-Furness.

In 1907 Mawson designed the terraced gardens for Lindeth Fell, near Windermere. The gardens remain remarkably intact; the terraces and richly planted borders sit the house in a relaxed style on a sloping hillside with views over lake Windermere to the Coniston mountains. Elizabeth Kissack's 2006 book on Mawson describes the gardens here as 'where Mawson excelled in making the garden seem to wrap itself around the house as if they were one'.

In London Mawson designed gardens at The Hill, in Hampstead for Lord Leverhulme. The impressive 800 ft long pergola is now open to the public as The Hill Garden and Pergola, part of the West Heath. He designed Rivington Gardens and Lever Park in Lancashire also for Lord Leverhulme. Padiham Memorial Park (1921) was another commission in Lancashire. Mawson also designed the gardens at Wood Hall near Cockermouth, Cumbria, which were completed in 1920. Much of this garden still survives today.

From 1910 to 1924 he lectured frequently at the school of civic design, Liverpool University. He also contributed articles on garden design to *The Studio* magazine and its annual *The Studio Year Book of Decorative Art*. In the 1920s he designed gardens for Dunira, a country house in Perthshire.

In 1924 he designed the Fazl Mosque in London.

In 1923 he became president of the Town Planning Institute, and in 1929 the first president of the Institute of Landscape Architects.

### International work

In 1908 he won a competition to lay out the Peace Palace gardens at The Hague. He also advised on the development of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in the United States. In 1912 Mawson toured several Canadian cities, beginning in Halifax and ending up in Victoria, British Columbia. As well as giving talks, he proposed several (unaccepted) designs including for Wascana Centre in Regina, Brockton Point lighthouse, Coal Harbour and Lost Lagoon in Vancouver, and urban design plans for Banff and downtown Calgary. Mawson's vision for Calgary, had it been implemented, would have changed what was then a dusty prairie town, into a city of the City Beautiful movement.

## Preservation and restoration

With the passage of time many of Mawson's finished schemes have either disappeared or decayed out of all recognition. However, efforts have been made to preserve his designs by heritage listings (mainly the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens, although some of his structures such as the terraces at Rydal Hall are listed buildings). Also, a number of Mawson's parks and gardens have been restored, sometimes on a one-off basis or as part of wider initiatives such as the "Parks for People" programme for historic parks and cemeteries in the UK. Examples of restorations include:

In 2019, work started on the restoration of Mawson's garden at Mount Stuart House. The work was due to be completed in August 2022.

## Archive

More than 14,000 plans and drawings together with 6,500 glass plate negatives and photographs comprise the archive of Mawson documents. They are stored at Cumbria Archive Centre, Kendal, having been offered to the Cumbria Archive Service following the closure of Thomas H. Mawson & Son of Lancaster and Windermere in 1978. Catalogue of Thomas Mawson collection held at Cumbria Archive Centre, Kendal

## Selected writings

* 1900: *The Art and Craft of Garden Making*, 1st edn 1900, 5th edn (recommended), 1926.
* 1908: "The Designing of Gardens", article in *The Studio Year Book of Decorative Art 1908*
* 1911: *Civic Art* Covers the principles of town planning
* 1927: *The Life and Work of an English Landscape Architect*

## Footnotes

## Bibliography

* Tankard, Judith B. (2018). *Gardens of the Arts & Craft Movement* (Hardback). Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. ISBN 978-1-604698-20-6.
* Waymark, Janet (2009). *Thomas Mawson: life, gardens and landscapes*. London: Frances Lincoln. ISBN 978-0-7112-2595-4.


title: Dylan Pieterse

abstract: Dylan John Pieterse is a South African rugby union player for the Leopards in the Currie Cup. His regular position is lock or flanker.

text:
# Dylan Pieterse

**Dylan John Pieterse** (born 28 January 1995) is a South African rugby union player for the Leopards in the Currie Cup. His regular position is lock or flanker.

## Early life

Pieterse was born in Kempton Park and attended King Edward VII School in Johannesburg. In 2011, he was selected to represent the Golden Lions at the Under-16 Grant Khomo Week tournament held in Queenstown, where he made two appearances.

He played first team rugby for KES in 2012 and 2013, but did not earn any further provincial callups.

## 2014–2015 : Pumas / Witbank Ferros

Pieterse spent some time training at the Blue Bulls academy, before joining the Nelspruit-based Pumas for the 2014 Under-19 Provincial Championship. He made seven appearances for the Pumas U19 team in Group B of the competition, scoring seven tries, the most by a Pumas player in the competition. He scored two tries in his first match, a 40–27 victory over SWD U19 and a hat-trick of tries in their Round Five match against Border U19 in a 60–29 victory. Further tries against Limpopo Blue Bulls U19 and Griffons U19 followed as he helped the Pumas to finish in fourth spot on the log. The Pumas lost to the Falcons U19 in Pieterse's home town of Kempton Park in the final, but he received a personal accolade after the season by being voted the Pumas' Under-19 player of the Year.

At the start of 2015, Pieterse played amateur club rugby, making four appearances for the Witbank Ferros during the Community Cup competition. The team failed to qualify from Pool D, winning just one of their four matches.

He rejoined the Pumas in the second half of the year, starting five matches for the Pumas U21 side during the Under-21 Provincial Championship. He weighed in with two tries – in victories over Border U21 and Griffons U21 – to help the Pumas win all seven of their matches in the regular season to top the log. The team did not take part in the title play-offs, however, since they were deducted all their log points after fielding ineligible players during the competition.

## 2016: Western Force / Cottesloe

Pieterse moved to Australia to join the Perth-based Western Force's Future Force program, also playing club rugby for Cottesloe in the Premier Grade (1st Grade), the premier league in Western Australia. He made sixteen appearances in the competitions, and scored four tries – a brace against Wanneroo was followed by one try against Associates in his next match and another against UWA later in the competition. He helped the team reach the semi-finals of the competition, where they lost to Wests Scarborough.

## 2016: Eastern Province Kings

He returned to South Africa to join the Eastern Province Kings prior to the 2016 Currie Cup. He came on as a replacement in their third match of the competition, a 6–36 defeat to Western Province, before being promoted to the starting lineup in their midweek match against Griquas. He also started matches against the Free State Cheetahs, Sharks and former team the Pumas, but could not help his team achieve a victory in the competition, losing all eight of their matches to finish bottom of the log.

## InfoBox

Dylan Pieterse
| Full name | Dylan John Pieterse |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1995-01-28) 28 January 1995 |
| Place of birth | Kempton Park, South Africa |
| Height | 2.00 m (6 ft 6+12 in) |
| Weight | 115 kg (254 lb; 18 st 2 lb) |
| School | King Edward VII School |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Lock / Flanker  **Current team** Leopards  Youth career  2011 Golden Lions  2014–2015 Pumas  2016 Force  Amateur team(s)  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2015  Witbank Ferros  4  (0)  2016  Cottesloe  16  (20)  Senior career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2016 Eastern Province Kings  5  (0)  2017 Boland Cavaliers  5  (0)  2019 Austin Elite  7  (0)  2019 Leopards  5  (0)  2020- Old Glory DC   ()  Correct as of 25 August 2019 | |


abstract: State Institute of Urban Planning and Architecture has been established in the year 2012 to provide quality education in the field of Architecture and Urban Planning. It is located in Rohtak, Haryana and is under the direct supervision of GTIS.

text:
# State Institute of Urban Planning and Architecture

**State Institute of Urban Planning and Architecture** has been established in the year 2012 to provide quality education in the field of Architecture and Urban Planning. It is located in Rohtak, Haryana and is under the direct supervision of GTIS.

## The Campus

The campus comprises four institutes namely State Institute of Design (SID), State Institute of Film and Television (SIFTV), State Institute of Fine Arts (SIFA) and State Institute of Urban Planning and Architecture (SIUPA). These institutes are modelled on the lines of respective apex institutes of national importance. The Campus is being established at a capital expenditure of Rs. 300 crore by the Government of Haryana through Government Technical Institution Society, Rohtak. Each of the four individual institutes is provided with separate institute building and common central facilities including an auditorium, art gallery, knowledge centre and a cafeteria. The campus is designed by internationally renowned architect Raj Rewal and M/s RITES (A Government of India Enterprise) is the project management consultant.

## Admission process

10+2 examination passed or appearing under recognised Central/State Board of Secondary Education/Council for Indian School of Certificate Examination, New Delhi with English & Math as compulsory subjects. As per COA norms, the minimum 10+2 aggregate percentage should be 50% or more. Or 3 years diploma recognised by AICTE or State Board of Technical Education (minimum 50% marks) with valid NATA score.

## Students achievements

## Study tour

Study tour of SIUPA students to Ahmedabad was conducted in the year 2012. The Students during the tour visited Sabarmati Ashram, Hussain Doshi Gufa, Bhadra Fort, Teen Darwaza, Akshardham Temple, Hathee Singh Temple, Jama Masjid, Indian Institute of Management and National Institute of Design. Study tour of SIUPA students to Chandigarh was conducted in the year 2013 to enlighten them with Architectural and Planning aspects of the India's first planned city.

## The Faculty

Regular Faculty

* Dr. Ajay Kaushik, Head of Department
* Ar. Ajaybahu Joshi
* Ar. Shalini Sheoran
* Ar. Pardeep Kumar
* Ar. Supri Maheshwari

Allied Regular Faculty

* Dr. Seema (Computer Engineer)

Contractual Faculty

* Ar. Vijaya Prakash Singh
* Ar. Pradeep Kumar Attri
* Er. Vikas
* Ar. Himanshu Phogat
* Ar. Deepika
* Ar. Nidhi Malik
* Ar. Shruti Gautam
* Ar. Deepika Verma
* Ar. Sarika Gautam
* Ar. Anand
* Ar. Garima Charaya
* Ar. Gaurav Vashishth
* Ar. Annu Gulati

Allied Contractual Faculty

* Rajat Vashishth
* Planner Vaishali

## Members of Academic Council

## InfoBox

State Institute Of Urban Planning and Architecture
| Type | Government |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 2011 |
| Location | Rohtak, Haryana, India |
| Campus | Urban |
| Affiliations | State University Of Performing and Visual Arts . |
| Website |  |


title: Robert B. Murrett

abstract: Robert Brendan Murrett is an American academic, intelligence officer, and retired Vice Admiral in the United States Navy. He was the fourth Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, serving from July 2006 through July 2010. In 2011, Murrett joined the Institute for Security Policy and Law at Syracuse University where he now serves as deputy director. He is also a faculty member at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, and serves on the Institute for Veterans and Military Families (IVMF) advisory board at Syracuse University.

text:
# Robert B. Murrett

**Robert Brendan Murrett** (born October 8, 1952) is an American academic, intelligence officer, and retired Vice Admiral in the United States Navy. He was the fourth Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, serving from July 2006 through July 2010. In 2011, Murrett joined the Institute for Security Policy and Law at Syracuse University where he now serves as deputy director. He is also a faculty member at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, and serves on the Institute for Veterans and Military Families (IVMF) advisory board at Syracuse University.

## Military career

Following his commissioning into the United States Navy, Murrett was assigned as an afloat intelligence officer, including Mediterranean, North Atlantic, and western Pacific deployments aboard *Kitty Hawk*, *America*, and *Independence*

Following assignment to the Defense Intelligence College in 1980, Murrett was detailed to the Chief of Naval Operations Intelligence Plot (OP-009U) as a watch stander and briefing officer for Navy civilian and military leaders. From 1983 to 1985, he served as Assistant Intelligence Officer for Commander, Second Fleet. He participated in deployments to the North Atlantic, the European theater, and Caribbean aboard *Mount Whitney* and *Nassau*. Between 1986 and 1989, Murrett was assigned as Assistant Naval Attaché to the U.S. Embassy in Oslo, Norway.

In 1989, Murrett reported to Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet, where he was assigned as Operational Intelligence Officer. From 1992 to 1995, he served as Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence for Commander, Carrier Group Eight, and deployed to the European and Central Command theaters aboard *Theodore Roosevelt*. Murrett was also assigned as J2 CJTF 120 aboard *Wasp* for operations in the Caribbean.

Between 1995 and 1997, Murrett was Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence for Commander, Second Fleet and served concurrently as N2 for NATO's Striking Fleet Atlantic and as J2 for U.S. Atlantic Command's CJTF 120. From June 1997 until September 1998, he was assigned to the Chief of Naval Operations Staff as Executive Assistant to the Director of Naval Intelligence. Murrett was then assigned as Director, Intelligence Directorate, Office of Naval Intelligence in September 1998. Murrett assumed the duties of Commander, Atlantic Intelligence Command (AIC) on 12 August 1999. He was responsible for the transition of AIC to Joint Forces Intelligence Command in October 1999. Murrett served as the Director for Intelligence, U.S. Joint Forces Command, from 10 August 2000 through 25 January 2002. From 31 January 2002 through March 2005, Murrett was assigned as the Vice Director for Intelligence, J2, on the Joint Staff. He served as the Director of Naval Intelligence from 1 April 2005 to 7 July 2006, when he became the director for the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.

## Education and training

Murrett received his bachelor's degree in history from the University at Buffalo in 1975, and master's degrees in government and strategic intelligence from Georgetown University and the Defense Intelligence College, respectively.

*This article contains information from the United States Federal Government and is in the public domain.*

## InfoBox

| Robert B. Murrett | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 4th Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency | |
| **In office**
July 2006  July 2010 | |
| President | George W. Bush
Barack Obama |
| Preceded by | James R. Clapper |
| Succeeded by | Letitia Long |
| Director of the Office of Naval Intelligence | |
| **In office**
2005–2006 | |
| President | George W. Bush |
| Preceded by | Richard B. Porterfield |
| Succeeded by | Tony L. Cothron |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1952-10-08) October 8, 1952 |
| Alma mater | University at Buffalo (BA)
Georgetown University (MA)
National Intelligence University (MSSI) |
| Military service | |
| Branch/service | United States Navy |
| Years of service | 1976-2010 |
| Rank | Vice Admiral |
|  | |


title: Tractor S.C. Academy

abstract: Tractor Sports Club Academy are the youth team of Tractor Sports Club that was founded in 2011. Tractor Club Football Academy, the first academy in Iran that matches commands AFC started to work.

text:
# Tractor S.C. Academy

**Tractor Sports Club Academy** are the youth team of Tractor Sports Club that was founded in 2011. Tractor Club Football Academy, the first academy in Iran that matches commands AFC started to work.

## Teams

Tractor Academy had 4 teams in the different ages, **-14**, **-16**, **-19** and **-21**.

## Notable played in the adult team

**1970s**

**1980s**

**1990s**

**2000s**

## InfoBox

Tractor S.C. Academy
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Tractor Sport Club Academy |
| Ground | Takhti Stadium
Tractor Stadium |
| Director | Tractor S.C. |
| Chairman | Yaqub Vatani |
| Head Coach | Kazem Mahmoudi (U-21)
Hossein Hassandokht (U-19) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Bernardo de Izaguirre de los Reyes

abstract: Bernardo de Izaguirre de los Reyes was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of La Plata o Charcas (1669–1670), Bishop of Cuzco (1662–1669), and Bishop of Panamá (1654–1659).

text:
# Bernardo de Izaguirre de los Reyes

**Bernardo de Izaguirre de los Reyes** (died November 16, 1668) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of La Plata o Charcas (1669–1670), Bishop of Cuzco (1662–1669), and Bishop of Panamá (1654–1659).

## Biography

Bernardo de Izaguirre de los Reyes was born in Toledo, Spain. He was selected on July 28, 1654, and confirmed on April 21, 1655, by Pope Alexander VII as Bishop of Panamá. On January 12, 1659, he was consecrated bishop by Alonso de Briceño, Bishop of Caracas On July 31, 1662, he was appointed as Bishop of Cuzco. On July 15, 1669, Pope Clement IX confirmed him as Archbishop of La Plata o Charcas. He served as Archbishop of La Plata o Charcas until his death on November 16, 1668.

While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of Gabriel de Guilléstegui, Bishop of Paraguay.

## InfoBox

| Most Reverend
Bernardo de Izaguirre de los Reyes | |
| --- | --- |
| Archbishop of La Plata o Charcas | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Archdiocese | Archdiocese of La Plata o Charcas |
| Predecessor | Gaspar de Villarroel |
| Successor | Melchor Liñán y Cisneros |
| Previous post(s) | Bishop of Cuzco (1662–1669)
Bishop of Panamá (1654–1659) |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | February 9, 1642
by Alonso de Briceño |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Toledo, Spain |
| Died | November 16, 1668
Caracas |


title: Soviet submarine tender Fyodor Vidyaev

abstract: Fyodor Vidyaev was a Don-class submarine tender of the Soviet Navy.

text:
# Soviet submarine tender Fyodor Vidyaev

***Fyodor Vidyaev*** was a Don-class submarine tender of the Soviet Navy.

## Development and design

The project of the submarine tenders was developed in the central design bureau "Baltsudoproekt" under the leadership of the chief designer V. I. Mogilevich. The main observer from the Navy was Captain 1st Rank G.V. Zemlyanichenko. The construction of the lead ship was completed in Nikolaev at the Black Sea shipyard in 1958. In total, seven tenders of project 310 were built for the Soviet Navy in 1958-1963.

*Don*-class submarine tenders had a total displacement of 7150 tons and 5030 tons while they're empty. Main dimensions: maximum length - 140 m, width - 17.67 m, draft - 5.6 m. Two-shaft diesel-electric main power plant with a capacity of 4000 hp. with. provided the ship with a full speed of 16 knots. The cruising range reached 3000 nautical miles (at a speed of 12.5 knots), autonomy - 40 days. The crew consisted of 350 people, including 28 officers.

They could serve four submarines of Project 611 or Project 613. The equipment of the floating base was capable of providing navigational and emergency repair of the hull, mechanisms and weapons and storage of 42 533-mm torpedoes in a special room. A 100-ton crane was housed at the bow of the ship.

The defensive armaments of the ships consisted of four single-barreled 100-mm artillery mounts B-34USMA and four 57-mm twin installations ZIF-31 with the Ryf control radar, the sonar station was not provided. After modernization, on two ships, instead of two aft 100-mm installations, a take-off and landing pad was equipped for basing one Ka-25 helicopter. On the last floating base of the series, the Osa-M air defense missile system was installed.

## Construction and career

The ship was built at Black Sea Shipyard in Mykolaiv and was launched on 26 April 1957 and commissioned into the Northern Fleet on 30 September 1958.

She was later transferred to the Black Sea Fleet on 26 July 1992.

She was decommissioned on 8 July 1996 and later scrapped.

### Pennant numbers

| Date | Pennant number |
| --- | --- |
| 1958 | B-510 |
|  | 039 |
|  | 833 |
| 1972 | 913 |
| 1973 | 920 |
| 1974 | 932 |
| 1976 | 905 |
| 1981 | 939 |
| 1987 | 979 |
|  | 916 |
|  | 800 |
| 1993 | 877 |

## InfoBox

| A Don-class submarine tender of Soviet Navy in 1967 | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Russia | |
| Name | * *Fyodor Vidyaev* * (Фёдор Видяев) |
| Namesake | Fyodor Vidyayev |
| Builder | Black Sea Shipyard |
| Yard number | 615 |
| Laid down | 24 March 1956 |
| Launched | 26 April 1957 |
| Commissioned | 30 September 1958 |
| Decommissioned | 8 July 1996 |
| Identification | *See Pennant numbers* |
| Fate | Scrapped |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Don-class submarine tender |
| Displacement | * 2,316 tonnes (2,279 long tons) standard * 3,066 tonnes (3,018 long tons) full load |
| Length | 140 m (460 ft) |
| Beam | 17.7 m (58 ft) |
| Draught | 6.4 m (21 ft) |
| Propulsion | 4 × diesel engines, 8,000 hp (6,000 kW) |
| Speed | 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph) |
| Range | 21,000 km (11,000 nmi; 13,000 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) |
| Complement | 300-450 |
| Sensors and
processing systems | * Hawk Screech * Slim Net * Rys-1 |
| Electronic warfare
& decoys | * 2 × Watch dog ECM systems * Vee cone communication system |
| Armament | * 4 × single 100 mm (4 in) guns * 4 × dual 57 mm (2.2 in) guns |


title: Edgarosaurus

abstract: Edgarosaurus is a genus of polycotylid plesiosaur from the Thermopolis Shale, containing one species, E. muddi. The type specimen was found in Early Cretaceous rocks in the state of Montana in the United States. At the time, this location was covered by part of the Western Interior Seaway. Edgarosaurus was one of the first polycotylids that evolved to become native to the Western Interior Seaway. The holotype consists of the skull, neck, parts of the spine and the left front flipper.

text:
# Edgarosaurus

***Edgarosaurus*** is a genus of polycotylid plesiosaur from the Thermopolis Shale, containing one species, *E. muddi*. The type specimen was found in Early Cretaceous (late Albian) rocks in the state of Montana in the United States. At the time, this location was covered by part of the Western Interior Seaway. *Edgarosaurus* was one of the first polycotylids that evolved to become native to the Western Interior Seaway.

The holotype (which is currently the only known specimen) consists of the skull, neck, parts of the spine and the left front flipper.

## History of study

The well-preserved holotype specimen of *Edgarosaurus* (MOR 751) was found in the Shell Creek Member, the uppermost of the three members of the Thermopolis Shale, during the spring of 1993. The specimen's skull is complete and was preserved in articulation with a series 25 cervical (neck) vertebrae. An additional cervical vertebra, three pectoral (shoulder) vertebrae, and two dorsal (back) vertebrae were found isolated at the site, but articulate to form a series with the other 25 cervical vertebrae. Three other dorsal vertebrae were also recovered, though they do not seem to belong to this string of vertebrae. An almost complete front paddle is also known. *Edgarosaurus muddi* was named in 2002 by Pat S. Druckenmiller. The generic name refers to the nearby location of Edgar, Montana, while the specific name honors Kevin Mudd.

## Description

Druckenmiller estimated the total length of *Edgarosaurus* to be roughly 3.2–3.7 meters (10–12 ft), a figure derived from the proportions of *Dolichorhynchops* and *Peloneustes*. The cranium of the holotype specimen of *Edgarosaurus* is 47.5 centimetres (1.56 ft) long. Each premaxilla (front upper tooth bearing bone) contains either six or seven teeth. The top of skull of *Edgarosaurus* possesses a small opening towards its back known as a pineal foramen. The back of the skull is vertical, rather than sloping. Each side of the braincase is perforated by a circular hole. The front ends of each half of the mandible are fused together to form a mandibular symphysis. There are six tooth pairs situated on the symphysis, a low number for a polycotylid. *Edgarosaurus* has large, fang-like teeth.

The neck of *Edgarosaurus* is short for a plesiosaur, containing a total of 26 vertebrae. The neck and skull together were estimated by Druckenmiller to comprise up to 45% of the animal's length. The lower arm bones of *Edgarosaurus* are very short and wide. The first digit of its forelimb consists of seven bones, the second eleven, and the third ten, while the fourth and fifth bear nine.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| *Edgarosaurus*
Temporal range: Early Cretaceous, | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type specimen of *Edgarosaurus muddi* on display in the Museum of the Rockies | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Superorder: | Sauropterygia |
| Order: | Plesiosauria |
| Family: | Polycotylidae |
| Genus: | *Edgarosaurus*
Druckenmiller, 2002 |
| Species: | ***E. muddi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Edgarosaurus muddi***
Druckenmiller, 2002 | |
|


title: Rosalyn Richter

abstract: Rosalyn Richter is an American lawyer who served as an associate justice of the New York Appellate Division of the Supreme Court, First Judicial Department.

text:
# Rosalyn Richter

**Rosalyn Richter** is an American lawyer who served as an associate justice of the New York Appellate Division of the Supreme Court, First Judicial Department.

## Early life and education

Richter is the daughter of Anita Richter and the late Nathaniel Richter. She is a 1976 graduate of Barnard College and a 1979 graduate of Brooklyn Law School.

Richter enjoyed a lengthy career in the judiciary. She was instrumental in the fight for Gay Rights publishing in 1982 the report: Anti-gay legislation: An attempt to sanction inequality? She began serving on the New York City Criminal Court from 1990 to 1996. Richter then proceeded to serve as a New York Supreme Court Justice, from 2002 to 2009. She was designated a Justice for the Appellate Division, First Judicial Department in 2008 by Governor David Paterson.

On August 3, 2018, Richter received the Dan Bradley Award, the National LGBT Bar Association's highest honor, in recognition of her pathbreaking legacy of service. As Richter, put it, she was honored for "being so out in the late 1970s, and 1980s and for being out throughout \[her\] judicial career."

Justice Richter ended her lengthy judicial career by retiring in July 2020.

On October 12, 2020, Justice Richter joined Arnold & Porter's Complex Litigation practice as Senior Counsel.

## Personal life

Richter married her wife, Janet Weinberg, in August 2011, shortly after same-sex marriage was legalized in the state of New York. Weinberg died on September 1, 2018, in the Bronx.

## InfoBox

| Rosalyn Richter | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Associate Justice of the First Judicial Department | |
| **In office**
2009  July 2020 | |
| Appointed by | David Paterson |
| Justice on the New York Supreme Court, 1st Judicial District | |
| **In office**
2002–2009 | |
| Judge on the New York City Criminal Court | |
| **In office**
1990–1996 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Spouse | Janet Weinberg |
| Alma mater | Barnard College
Brooklyn Law School |
|  | |


title: Keio 1000 series (1996)

abstract: Keio 1000 series The Keio 1000 series (京王1000系) is a DC commuter electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by Keio Corporation in Tokyo, Japan. Introduced into service on 9 January 1996, a total of 29 five-car sets were built between 1995 and 2010 by Tokyu Car Corporation and Nippon Sharyo in six batches for use on the Keio Inokashira Line.

text:
# Keio 1000 series (1996)

The **Keio 1000 series** (京王1000系) is a DC commuter electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by Keio Corporation in Tokyo, Japan. Introduced into service on 9 January 1996, a total of 29 five-car sets were built between 1995 and 2010 by Tokyu Car Corporation and Nippon Sharyo in six batches for use on the Keio Inokashira Line.

## Variants

As of 1 April 2016, the fleet consists of 29 five-car trainsets.

### Batches 1-2

Sets 1701 to 1710. Formation consists of two motor and three trailer cars.

### Batches 3-4

Sets 1711 to 1715. Formation consists of three motor and two trailer cars. Raised driver's position.

### Batches 5-6

Sets 1721 to 1734. Formation consists of three motor and two trailer cars. Beadless stainless steel bodysides. Full-colour LED destination indicator panels. Interior includes 17-inch colour LCD information panels.

## Formations

### Sets 1701 to 1710 (unrefurbished)

The first ten sets, 1701 to 1710, were originally formed as follows with two motored ("M") cars and three non-powered trailer ("T") cars, and car 1 at the Kichijoji (western) end.

| Car No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Designation | Tc2 | M' | T | M | Tc1 |
| Numbering | KuHa 1700 | DeHa 1000 | SaHa 1500 | DeHa 1100 | KuHa 1750 |

Cars 2, 3, and 4 each have one single-arm pantograph. Car 3 is designated a mildly air-conditioned car. Car 1 has a wheelchair space.

### Refurbished sets 1701 to 1710

The refurbished sets are formed as follows with three motored ("M") cars and two non-powered trailer ("T") cars, and car 1 at the Kichijoji (western) end.

| Car No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Designation | Tc2 | M2 | M1 | M | Tc1 |
| Numbering | KuHa 1700 | DeHa 1000 | DeHa 1050 | DeHa 1100 | KuHa 1750 |
| Capacity (total/seated) | 144/46 | 155/54 | 155/54 | 155/54 | 144/46 |
| Weight (t) | 26.0 | 33.3 | 31.2 | 34.2 | 26.0 |

Cars 2, 3, and 4 each have one single-arm pantograph.

### Sets 1711 to 1715, 1721 to 1734

Sets 1711 to 1715 and 1721 to 1734 are formed as follows with three motored ("M") cars and two non-powered trailer ("T") cars, and car 1 at the Kichijoji (western) end.

| Car No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Designation | Tc2 | M2 | M1 | M | Tc1 |
| Numbering | KuHa 1700 | DeHa 1000 | DeHa 1050 | DeHa 1100 | KuHa 1750 |

Cars 2, 3, and 4 each have one single-arm pantograph. Car 3 is designated a mildly air-conditioned car. Car 1 has a wheelchair space.

## History

The 1000 series sets were initially built by Tokyu Car Corp. The type entered service on 9 January 1996, and was the first new rolling stock introduced on the Keio Inokashira Line in three decades, after the 3000 series of 1962. It was the first type on the Inokashira Line to feature 20 m (65 ft 7 in) long cars with four pairs of doors per side.

Third- and fourth-batch sets 1711 to 1715, built between 2003 and 2004, incorporate system and interior modifications.

A new batch of 14 (batches 5-6) 5-car 1000 series sets (1721–1734) built by Nippon Sharyo and Tokyu Car Corp were delivered between 2008 and 2010 to replace ageing rolling stock on the Inokashira Line. These new trains feature full-colour LED destination indicators.

### Refurbishment

Starting in 2016, the original batch of ten sets is undergoing a programme of refurbishment. Refurbishment includes converting the centre trailer car to a motor car to provide three motored cars per five-car set, as is the case with later-build sets. The ten original sets are all scheduled to be refurbished by 2020.

## Livery variations

The cab ends are painted one of several different pastel colours as shown below. The colour is also used for bodyside lining.

| Colour | Set numbers | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Blue-green | 1701 | 1708 | 1715 | 1722 | 1729\* |
| Ivory white | 1702 | 1709 |  | 1723 | 1730 |
| Salmon pink | 1703 | 1710 |  | 1724 | 1731 |
| Light green | 1704 | 1711 |  | 1725 | 1732 |
| Violet | 1705 | 1712 |  | 1726 | 1733 |
| Orange-beige | 1706 | 1713 |  | 1727 | 1734 |
| Light blue | 1707 | 1714 | 1721 | 1728 |  |

Sets 1706 and 1713 were originally painted in a beige colour scheme. Their schemes were changed to orange-beige in 2010.

Set 1729 was repainted in a new "rainbow" colour scheme from 3 October 2012.

## InfoBox

| Keio 1000 series | |
| --- | --- |
| Set 1707 in December 2022 | |
| In service | 1996–present |
| Manufacturer | Tokyu Car Corp, Nippon Sharyo |
| Replaced | Keio 3000 series |
| Constructed | 1995–2010 |
| Entered service | 9 January 1996 |
| Refurbished | 2016–2020 |
| Number built | 145 vehicles (29 sets) |
| Number in service | 145 vehicles (29 sets) |
| Formation | 5 cars per trainset |
| Fleet numbers | * 1701–1715 * 1721–1734 |
| Operators | Keio Corporation |
| Depots | Fujimigaoka |
| Lines served | IN Inokashira Line |
| Specifications | |
| Car body construction | Stainless steel |
| Car length | 20,000 mm (65 ft 7 in) |
| Width | 2,864 mm (9 ft 5 in) |
| Doors | 4 pairs per side |
| Maximum speed | 90 km/h (56 mph) |
| Traction system | Variable frequency (GTO/IGBT) |
| Acceleration | * 2.6 km/(h⋅s) (1.6 mph/s) (batches 1-2) * 3.3 km/(h⋅s) (2.1 mph/s) (batches 3-6) |
| Deceleration | * 3.7 km/(h⋅s) (2.3 mph/s) (service) * 4.0 km/(h⋅s) (2.5 mph/s) (emergency) |
| Electric system(s) | 1,500 V DC (overhead line) |
| Current collector(s) | Pantograph |
| Safety system(s) | Keio ATC |
| Track gauge | 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) |


title: Kelly Blair LaBounty

abstract: Kelly Blair LaBounty is a retired American track and field Olympic athlete.

text:
# Kelly Blair LaBounty

**Kelly Blair LaBounty** (born November 24, 1970) is a retired American track and field Olympic athlete.

## Collegiate career

Kelly Blair LaBounty attended the University of Oregon playing two sports, basketball and track and field. After two seasons she decided her basketball career would have to come to an end to focus on track. At Oregon she won a national title in the heptathlon in 1993.

## Olympics

Blair LaBounty placed sixth in the women's heptathlon in the 1996 Olympic Games held in Atlanta, Georgia, and also qualified for the 2000 Summer Olympics, but missed the games due to injury. She defeated Jackie Joyner-Kersee in the Olympic trials of 1996. Blair LaBounty placed third in the 1998 Goodwill Games in the heptathlon.

## Post-competitive career

She now lives in Eugene, Oregon, with her two sons Jacob and Lucas and her husband, former National Football League defensive end Matt LaBounty. She was hired as an assistant coach at the University of Oregon in 2006, and served in that capacity until her position was eliminated in 2008.

She was named to the University of Oregon Athletic Hall of Fame in 2004, and the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame in 2011.

## InfoBox

Kelly Blair LaBounty
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1970-11-24) November 24, 1970<br>Prosser, Washington, United States |
| Spouse | Matt LaBounty |
| Sport | |
| Country | United States |
| Sport | Track and field athletics |
| Achievements and titles | |
| Olympic finals |  |
| World finals | **1998 Goodwill Games**: Heptathlon - Third |


abstract:
The Franklin Sound Islands Important Bird Area comprises several small islands, with a collective total area of 1725 ha, lying in Franklin Sound between the much larger Flinders Island to the north and Cape Barren Island to the south, in the Furneaux Group of Tasmania, Australia. The islands have been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because they support over 1% of the global populations of the Cape Barren goose, short-tailed shearwater, white-faced storm-petrel, black-faced cormorant, sooty oystercatcher and Pacific gull. Islands in the Franklin Sound islands IBA include:
  - Vansittart Island Group
  - Vansittart Island
  - Ram Island
  - Pelican Island
  - Great Dog Island Group
  - Little Dog Island
  - Great Dog Island
  - Briggs Islet
  - Little Green Island
  - Spences Reefs
  - Tin Kettle Island Group
  - Anderson Island
  - Little Anderson Island
  - Mid Woody Islet
  - Tin Kettle Island
  - Oyster Rocks
  - Neds Reef
  - Long Island Group
  - Long Island

text:
# Franklin Sound Islands Important Bird Area

The **Franklin Sound Islands Important Bird Area** comprises several small islands, with a collective total area of 1725 ha, lying in Franklin Sound between the much larger Flinders Island to the north and Cape Barren Island to the south, in the Furneaux Group of Tasmania, Australia.

The islands have been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because they support over 1% of the global populations of the Cape Barren goose, short-tailed shearwater, white-faced storm-petrel, black-faced cormorant, sooty oystercatcher and Pacific gull.

Islands in the Franklin Sound islands IBA include:

Vansittart Island Group Great Dog Island Group Tin Kettle Island Group Long Island Group

40°17′14″S 148°12′02″E / 40.28722°S 148.20056°E / -40.28722; 148.20056


title: Franklin Spencer Spalding

abstract: Franklin Spencer Spalding (1865–1914) was an Episcopal Bishop of Utah from 1905 to 1914 who advocated Christian socialism as the true teachings of the Bible and Jesus Christ.

text:
# Franklin Spencer Spalding

**Franklin Spencer Spalding** (1865–1914) was an Episcopal Bishop of Utah from 1905 to 1914 who advocated Christian socialism as the true teachings of the Bible and Jesus Christ.

## Early life

Franklin Spencer Spalding was born in Erie, Pennsylvania, on March 13, 1865, to John Franklin Spalding, who was serving as rector of St. Paul's Episcopal Church. His father's career would include bishoprics throughout the Mountain West, in the states of New Mexico, Colorado, and New Mexico.

Spalding graduated from College of New Jersey in 1887 and the General Theological Seminary in New York City in 1890. Despite limited experience in the urban churches of New York City where poverty prevailed, Spalding did not encounter activists working for labor related social change until 1896 when he began working as rector of St. Paul's Church in Erie. It took time, working in concert with the Erie Socialist local to help improve his parishioners lives, but eventually Spalding's views on the role of the church in relation to the working class and poor changed. Where he previously believed that the church could work at "persuading the rich and the mighty to be kind and generous and public spirited", he now believed that the only path to truly improve the lives of workers was to fundamentally redesign capitalism itself.

## Political activism

Becoming the bishop of the Episcopal Church of Utah in 1905 allowed Spalding a greater reach to spread his message as the job required him to travel through Utah and the country. During his travels, he advocated for socialist principles along with Christian values, in fact arguing that the two were one and the same, stating "Christianity would get along better under socialism than under this individualistic form of government." Like many American Christian socialists and progressive Christians, Spalding's socialism was part of a larger set of societal concerns that broadly constituted the Social Gospel. Along with fighting against the gap between the wealthy and the worker, Spalding was a proponent of peace, health and education reform, and prohibition. While a committed Christian socialist, Spalding never joined the Socialist Party.

While Spalding criticized what he saw as failings of the church in relation to the working class, he was sensitive to any division that his opinions may have caused among his brethren. However, he refused to alter or to cease speaking out for what he thought was right. He strongly contended that capital and the wealthy were too much in control of American churches and worship, to the detriment of the worker.

In the November 1914 issue of *The Christian Socialist*, Spalding stated:

> The Christian Church exists for the sole purpose of saving the human race. So far she has failed, but I think that Socialism shows her how she may succeed. It insists that men cannot be made right until the material conditions be made right. Although man cannot live by bread alone, he must have bread. Therefore the Church must destroy a system of society which inevitably creates and perpetuates unequal and unfair conditions of life. These unequal and unfair conditions have been created by competition. Therefore competition must cease and cooperation take its place.

Notably, on August 11, 1898, Spalding was the lead climber in a party of four to first summit Grand Teton, the tallest mountain in the Teton Range in Grand Teton National Park. However, Spalding actually believed that an earlier attempt in 1872 was the first successful ascent of the peak. On September 25, 1914, he was struck and killed by an automobile while walking to a mailbox near his Salt Lake City home.

### Footnotes

### Works cited

* Berman, David R. (2007). *Radicalism in the Mountain West, 1890–1920: Socialists, Populists, Miners, and Wobblies*. Boulder, Colorado: University Press of Colorado. ISBN 978-0-87081-884-4.
* Jackson, Reynold G. (1999). "Park of the Matterhorns". *A Place Called Jackson Hole: A Historic Resource Study of Grand Teton National Park*. By Daugherty, John. Moose, Wyoming: Grand Teton Natural History Association (published 2004). Archived from the original on November 12, 2012. Retrieved March 9, 2012.
* McCormick, John S.; Sillito, John R. (2011). *A History of Utah Radicalism: Startling, Socialistic, and Decidedly Revolutionary*. Logan, Utah: Utah State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87421-814-5.
* Melish, John Howard (1917). *Franklin Spencer Spalding: Man and Bishop*. New York: Macmillan Company. OCLC 3053800. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
* Princeton University (1896). *Catalogue of All Who Have Held Office in or Have Received Degrees from the College of New Jersey at Princeton in the State of New Jersey*. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
* Quinn, Frederick (2004). *Building "The Goodly Fellowship of Faith": A History of the Episcopal Church in Utah, 1867–1996*. Logan, Utah: Utah State University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt46nxqp. ISBN 978-0-87421-506-9.

## Further reading

* Sillito, John R. (1998). "'A Spiritual and Moral Socialism': Franklin Spencer Spalding and Christian Socialism, 1901–1914". In Dorn, Jacob H. (ed.). *Socialism and Christianity in Early 20th Century America*. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-30262-6.
* Sillito, John R.; Bradley, Martha (1985). "Franklin Spencer Spalding: An Episcopal Observer of Mormonism". *Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church*. **54** (4): 339–349. ISSN 2377-5289. JSTOR 42974098.

## InfoBox

| The Right Reverend
Franklin Spencer Spalding | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Utah | |
| Spalding in 1904 | |
| Church | Episcopal Church (United States) |
| Diocese | Utah |
| Appointed | 1904 |
| Predecessor | Abiel Leonard |
| Successor | Paul Jones |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | * 3 June 1891 (deacon) * 1 June 1892 (priest) |
| Consecration | 14 December 1904
by Daniel S. Tuttle |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1865-03-13)March 13, 1865
Erie, Pennsylvania, United States |
| Died | September 25, 1914(1914-09-25) (aged 49)
Salt Lake City Utah, United States |
| Buried | Riverside Cemetery |
| Denomination | Anglican |
| Parents | John Franklin Spalding & Lavinia Deborah Spencer |
| Alma mater |  |


title: Franklin Southworth

abstract: Franklin C. Southworth is an American linguist and Professor Emeritus of South Asian linguistics at the University of Pennsylvania.

text:
# Franklin Southworth

**Franklin C. Southworth** (born 1929) is an American linguist and Professor Emeritus of South Asian linguistics at the University of Pennsylvania.

## Publications

* "South Asia: Dravidian linguistic history" in *The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration* (2013)
* *Rice in Dravidian* (2011)
* *Proto-Dravidian Agriculture*
* *Linguistic archaeology of South Asia* (2005)
* *Prehistoric implications of the Dravidian element in the NIA lexicon, with special reference to Marathi* (2005)
* *Reconstructing social context from language: Indo-Aryan and Dravidian prehistory* (1995)
* *South Asian emblematic gestures* (1992)
* *The reconstruction of prehistoric South Asian language contact* (1990)
* *Linguistic archaeology and the Indus Valley culture* (1989)
* *Ancient economic plants of South Asia: linguistic archaeology and early agriculture* (1988)
* *The social context of language standardization* (1985)
* *Dravidian and Indo-European: the neglected relationship* (1982)
* *Lexical evidence for early contacts between Indo-Aryan and Dravidian* (1979)

## InfoBox

| Franklin C. Southworth | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1929 |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Linguist |
|  | |
| Academic work | |
| Institutions | University of Pennsylvania |
| Main interests | Dravidian languages |
|  | |


title: Kayıkçılar, Çaycuma

abstract: Kayıkçılar is a neighbourhood of the town Çaycuma, Çaycuma District, Zonguldak Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,320 (2022).

text:
# Kayıkçılar, Çaycuma

**Kayıkçılar** is a neighbourhood of the town Çaycuma, Çaycuma District, Zonguldak Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,320 (2022).

## InfoBox

| Kayıkçılar | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| KayıkçılarLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 41°23′N 32°05′E / 41.383°N 32.083°E / 41.383; 32.083 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Zonguldak |
| District | Çaycuma |
| Municipality | Çaycuma |
| Population (2022) | 1,320 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Ken Mason (footballer)

abstract: Ken Mason is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level. Mason scored on his full All Whites debut in a 5–6 loss to South Africa on 28 June 1947 and ended his international playing career with four A-international caps and one goal to his credit, his final cap an appearance in a 1–4 loss to South Africa on 17 July 1947.

text:
# Ken Mason (footballer)

**Ken Mason** is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.

Mason scored on his full All Whites debut in a 5–6 loss to South Africa on 28 June 1947 and ended his international playing career with four A-international caps and one goal to his credit, his final cap an appearance in a 1–4 loss to South Africa on 17 July 1947.

## InfoBox

Ken Mason
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Kenneth J Mason | | |
| Place of birth | New Zealand | | |
| Position(s) | Outside-left | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Metro College |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1947 | New Zealand | 4 | (1) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Françoise Pommaret

abstract: Françoise Pommaret is a French ethno-historian and Tibetologist.

text:
# Françoise Pommaret

**Françoise Pommaret** (born 1954) is a French ethno-historian and Tibetologist.

## Early life and education

Pommaret grew up in the Congo. She received her Master of Arts in the history of art and archeology from the Sorbonne University and completed her studies in Tibetan at the Institut national des langues et civilisations orientalest (INALCO). Her doctoral thesis on "People who come back from the netherland in the Tibetan cultural areas" received the prix Delalande-Guérineau from the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.

## Career

She holds the position of Director of Research Emeritus at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) in Paris. Her work focuses on cultural anthropology in Bhutan and she has published extensively on different aspects of Bhutanese culture.

She has worked in Bhutan since 1981 and with the *Bhutan Tourism Corporation* between 1981 and 1986, after which she participated in educational and cultural projects in Bhutan. She has been a consultant for UNESCO as well as guest-curator for exhibitions. She lectures around the world on aspects of Bhutanese history and culture.

Pommaret works as Associate Professor and adviser to the College of Language and Culture Studies (CLCS), Royal University of Bhutan and worked as scientific advisor to the Bhutan Cultural Atlas.

Pommaret is also honorary consul of France in Bhutan and the president of the association of Amis du Bhoutan (friends of Bhutan, founded 1987).

## Awards and recognitions

For her contribution to cultural research in Bhutan, she is the recipient of the French award Légion d'honneur (2015) and the National Order of Merit (Bhutan), first class (Gold) in 2017.

## Publications

1982: Thimphu Tshechu Festival, Dept of Tourism, Bhoutan (sous le pseudonyme de Tashi Wangmo).

1983: Paro Tshechu Festival, Dpt of Tourism, Bhoutan (sous le pseudonyme de Tashi Wangmo).

1986: Wangdiphodrang festival, Dpt of Tourism, Bhoutan. Jampey Lhakhang festival, Dpt of Tourism, Bhoutan.

1989: Carte historique du Bhoutan (en collaboration avec le Service Géographique et le Département de l'Éducation du Bhoutan). Les revenants de l'au-delà dans le monde tibétain, Éditions du CNRS, Paris. Prix Delalande-Guérineau 1990 de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.

1997 Bhutan: Mountain-fortress of the Gods, C. Schicklgruber & F. Pommaret (eds.), Serindia, London.

1998 Les revenants de l'au-delà dans le monde tibétain, Editions du CNRS, Paris, (réed.). 1998 Bhutan: encuentro con los dioses en el Himalaya, Fundacio "La Caixa", Barcelona.

1980: "The construction of Ladakhi houses in the Indus Valley" in Tibetan studies in honour of Hugh Richardson, Aris and Philips, Warminster, 249–255.

1983: "Auspicious symbols and luminous colours: the art and architecture of Bhutan" in Asian Culture, Bulletin of the Asian Cultural Centre for UNESCO, n° 35, 30–35.

1987: "Le monastère de gTam zhing (Tamshing) au Bhoutan central" in Arts Asiatiques, tome XLII, 1987, 19-30 (en collaboration avec Y. Imaeda).

1989: "A rainbow of colours. Notes on the symbolism of colours in Bhutan", in Asian Pacific Culture, Tokyo,1989, 7-9 (en collaboration avec Mynak Rinpoche).

1990: "Note sur la situation linguistique du Bhoutan et étude préliminaire des termes de parenté" in Indo-Tibetan Studies, London, 1990, 115-127 (en collaboration avec Y. Imaeda).

1992 "Les revenants de l'au-delà ('das log ): sources littéraires et tradition vivante, une première présentation", in Tibetan Studies: Proceedings of the 5th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Narita 1989, Naritasan Shinshoji, 1992 vol. 2, pp. 673– 686. "Introduction to the interest and problems of Bhutanese iconography" in Buddhist Studies: Present and Future, UNESCO, Paris, 1992, 46–49.

1994 \- "Les fêtes aux divinités-montagnes Phyva au Bhoutan de l'Est", in Tibetan studies: Proceedings of the 6th Seminar of the International association for Tibetan Studies Fagernes1992, The Institute for comparative research in human culture, Oslo, 1994, vol. 2, 660–669. \- "Textiles of Bhutan: way of life and symbol of identity" in Bhutan: aspects of culture and development, M. Hutt & M. Aris (eds), Kiscadale Asia Research series n°5, Gartmore, 1994, 173–189. \- " 'Entrance-keepers of a hidden country': Preliminary notes on the Monpa of south-central Bhutan", in Tibet Journal, Special issue: Powerful places and spaces in Tibetan religious culture (ed.) T. Huber, vol.19, n°3, 1994, New-Delhi, 46–62.

1994 "Bhutan and its neighbors" with Diana K. Myers in From the Land of the Thunder Dragon: Textile Arts of Bhutan, Serindia - Peabody Essex Museum, London-Salem, 1994 (Eds. D.K. Myers, M. Aris & S. Bean) 47–70.

1994 "The fabric of Life in Bhutan (with Diana K. Myers) in From the Land of the Thunder Dragon: Textile Arts of Bhutan, Serindia - Peabody Essex Museum, London-Salem, 1994 (Eds. D.K. Myers, M. Aris & S. Bean) 71-80.

1994 "Cut and Stitched : Textiles made by men" (with Diana K. Myers) in From the Land of the Thunder Dragon: Textile Arts of Bhutan, Serindia - Peabody Essex Museum, London-Salem, 1994 (Eds. D.K. Myers, M. Aris & S. Bean) 143–166.

1996 "On local and mountain deities in Bhutan", in Reflections of the Mountain: Essays on the history and social meaning of the mountain cult in Tibet and the Himalaya, A.M. Blondeau & E. Steinkellner (eds), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, 1996, 39–56.

1997 \- "Notes on the Stylistic & Historical connections between Bhutan & Southern Tibet", in Tibetan Art: Towards a definition of style (Jane Casey Singer & Philip Denwood, eds.), London, Laurence King publishing, 1997, 210–220. \- "Le pilier/mégalithe de Nabji: un lieu surdéterminé du Bhoutan central" in Les Habitants du Toit du Monde : Hommage à Alexander W. Macdonald, Samten Karmay & Philippe Sagant (eds.), Société d'Ethnologie, Nanterre, 1997, 391–418. \- "Ethnic Mosaic: the Peoples of Bhutan", in Bhutan: Mountain-fortress of the Gods, C. Schicklgruber & F. Pommaret (eds.), Serindia, London, 1997, 43–59. \- "The Birth of a nation", in Bhutan: Mountain-fortress of the Gods, C. Schicklgruber & F. Pommaret (eds.), Serindia, London, 1997, 179–208. \- "The Way to the throne", in Bhutan: Mountain-fortress of the Gods, C. Schicklgruber & F. Pommaret (eds.), Serindia, London, 1997, 209- 235.

1998 \- "Maîtres des trésors" (gTer bdag) : Divinités locales et médiums au Bhoutan", in Tibetan Mountain Deities, their cults and representations, Proceedings of the 8th IATS conference Graz, A.M. Blondeau (ed.), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, vol.6, 1998, 79–98.

\- "Bhutan: una presentacion", Bhutan: encuentro con los dioses en el Himalaya, Fundacio "La Caixa", Barcelona, 1998, 17–31.

\- "Un repaso historico", Bhutan: encuentro con los dioses en el Himalaya, Fundacio "La Caixa", Barcelona, 1998, 33-49

\- "El Arte de Bhutan", Bhutan: encuentro con los dioses en el Himalaya, Fundacio "La Caixa", Barcelona, 1998, 67–87.

1999 \- "Traditional Values, new trends", Bhutan: a fortress at the edge of time ?, Selected Papers of the Bhutan Seminar 1998, Vienna: VIDC-Austrian Development Cooperation, 1999, 13–26.

\- "The Mon pa revisited: in search of Mon", in Sacred Spaces and Powerful Places in Tibetan culture, Toni Huber (ed.), Dharamsala: Tibetan Library of Works and Archives, 1999 : 52–73.

\- "Notes sur le négoce entre le Bhoutan, le Bengale et l'Assam", in Journal Asiatique, 1999, 287.1, 285–303.

2000 \- "Rouge est le Sang : Le Bétel au Bhoutan", Opiums: les plantes du plaisir et de la convivialité en Asie, P. Le Failler & A. Hubert (eds), l'Harmattan, Paris 2000, 25–38.

\- "Ancient Trade Partners: Bhutan, Cooch Bihar and Assam (17th to 19th centuries)", in Journal of Bhutan Studies, vol. 2 n°1, Center for Bhutan Studies, Thimphu, summer 2000, 30-53 (traduction révisée et augmentée de l'article paru dans le Journal Asiatique 1999).

"Recent Bhutanese scholarship in History and Anthropology", in Journal of Bhutan Studies: Special issue on the Bhutan panel of the European South Asian Modern Studies Conference Edinburgh University 2000, Centre for Bhutan studies, Thimphu, vol.2 n° 2, Winter 2000, 139 -163.

2001 \- "Bhutanese students' discovery of fieldwork: culture shock and identity", in The Pandita and the Siddha. Tibetan Studies in Honour of E. Gene Smith,R. Prats & D. Jackson (eds.), 2001, en CD rom. A paraître aussi sous forme de livre, Amnye Machen Publications, Dharamsala.

"Bhoutan : une fortresse au bord du temps ? valeurs traditionnelles et orientations nouvelles" in Ruptures ou mutations au tournant du XXIe siècle. Changements de géographie mentale ? Rita Régnier ed.), l'Harmattan Collection Eurasie n°10, Paris, 2001, 91–107.

2002 "La danse des 'Huit Catégories de Dieux et Démons' au Bhoutan", in Katia Buffetrille & H. Diemberger (eds.), Territory and Identity in Tibet and the Himalayas, Tibetan Studies in honour of Anne-Marie Blondeau, Proceedings of the 9th IATS, Leyden, Brill, Leiden 2002, 159–178.

"Weaving hidden threads: Some ethno-historical clues on the artistic affinities between Eastern Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh", The Tibet Journal, E. Lo Bue (ed.), vol.XXVII n°1&2, Spring & Summer 2002, Dharamsala, 177–196.

2003 "Etres soumis, Etres protecteurs : Padmasambhava et les Huit Catégories de Dieux et Démons au Bhoutan", in Revue d'Études Tibétaines n°2, Revue électronique de l'UMR 8047, CNRS, Paris, Avril 2003, 40–66. En ligne sur www.digitalhimalaya.com

"Historical and religious relations between Lhodrak (Southern Tibet) and Bumthang (Bhutan) from the 18th to the early 20th century: Preliminary data", in Tibet and her neighbours. Proceedings of the History of Tibet Conference St Andrews University 2001, A. McKay (ed.), Ed. Hansjörg Mayer, London, 91–106.

"Buddhist monasteries in Tibet" in P. Pichard and F. Lagirarde (eds.), The Buddhist Monastery. A cross -cultural legacy. EFEO (Ecole Française d'Extrême-Orient) Paris, 2003, 283–304.

2004 "The fascinating life of Lama Changchub Tsöngru (1817-1856) according to his biography" in K. Ura & S. Kinga (eds.), The Spider and the Piglet. Proceedings of the 1st International seminar on Bhutanese Studies 2003, Thimphu: Centre for Bhutan Studies, 73–89.

"Yul and Yul lha: the territory and its deity in Bhutan", in Bulletin of Tibetology, Gangtok: Namgyal Institute of Tibetology, vol 40 (1) May 2004. Vol 40 no 1, 39–67.

"Rituels non-bouddhiques de Kheng 'Bu li (Bhoutan)", Proceedings of the 8th IATS seminar Bloomington 1998, in Revue d'Études Tibétaines (RET) n°6, Octobre 2004, 60–77.

2006 "La dernière frontière himalayenne: Evangélistes et tentative de colonisation des âmes", in Religion et politique en Asie, J. Lagerwey (ed.), Les Indes Savantes, Paris, 2006, 133–156.

"Dances in Bhutan. A traditional medium of information", Journal of Bhutan Studies, vol.14 summer 2006, 26–35. Available online at www.bhutanstudies.org.bt

2007 "Estate and deities: A ritual from central Bhutan. The bskang gso of O rgyan chos gling" in J. Ardussi & F. Pommaret (eds), Bhutan. Traditions and changes. Proceedings of the XIth IATS Oxford 2003, Brill, Leiden, 2007. 135–158. Recovering identity : Students' fieldwork in Bhutan", in Ramon N. Prats (ed.), The Pandita and the Siddha, Tibetan Studies in Honour of E. Gene Smith, Amnye Machen Institute, Dharamsala, 2007, 210–217. Reprint "Dances in Bhutan. A traditional medium of information", in Media & public culture. Proceedings of the 2nd International Seminar on Bhutan studies CBS, Thimphu, 2007, 31–39.

2008 \- Preface. "Holding the name high", in Revue d'Études Tibétaines — numéro 14 — Octobre 2008 TIBETAN STUDIES IN HONOR OF SAMTEN KARMAY, Part I — Historical, Cultural and Linguistic Studies Edited by Françoise Pommaret and Jean-Luc Achard, iii-v. http://www.digitalhimalaya.com/collections/journals/ret/index.php?selection=13

\- "The Messed Up Books"(Pecha trok wa la). A personal recollection of Samten G. Karmay and the O rgyan chos gling catalogue (Bhutan), in Revue d'Études Tibétaines — numéro 14 — Octobre 2008 TIBETAN STUDIES IN HONOR OF SAMTEN KARMAY, Part I — Historical, Cultural and Linguistic Studies Edited by Françoise Pommaret and Jean-Luc Achard, 7–12. http://www.digitalhimalaya.com/collections/journals/ret/index.php?selection=13

"Protectors of Bhutan. The role of Guru Rinpoche and the Eight Categories of Gods and Demons (lHa srin sde brgyad)", in John Ardussi & Sonam Tobgay (eds.), Written Treasures of Bhutan. Mirror of the past and bridge to the future. Proceedings of the First international Conference on the rich scriptural heritage of Bhutan, National Library of Bhutan, Thimphu, 2008, 305–340.

2009 \- "Bon and chos, community rituals in Bhutan", in Antonio Terrone & Sarah Jacoby (eds.) Buddhism Beyond the Monastery, Proceedings of the Xth IATS Oxford 2003, Brill. Leiden, 2009, 111–144.

3- Wide audience books

-1984: Bhoutan. Un royaume de l'Himalaya. Genève. Olizane. (en collaboration avec G. Van Strydonck et Y. Imaeda) (existe également en anglais, italien et japonais). \- 1988: History of Bhutan, a teachers' handbook, Dpt of Education,Thimphu. \- 1989: Bhutan, a kingdom of the Eastern Himalayas, 2ème édition, London-Boulder . \- 1990: Bhutan, a handbook, Genève-Hong-Kong-London. \- 1991: The History of Bhutan class 8, Dpt of Education, Thimphu, Bhutan. \- 1993: Bhutan, a pocket guidebook, Apa publications, Singapore. \- 1994 A History of Bhutan class 9–10, Dpt of Education, Thimphu, Bhutan (en collaboration).

-1997 A History of Bhutan, coursebook for class X, Education Division, Thimphu (en collaboration). \- 1997: Bhoutan, Eds Olizane, Genève (réed.).

\- 2002:

* *Bhoutan*, Eds Olizane, Genève (ed. révisée et augmentée).
* *Le Tibet : Une civilisation blessée*, coll. « Découvertes Gallimard » (nº 427), série Histoire. Paris: Éditions Gallimard, 2002.
    + US edition – *Tibet: An Enduring Civilization*, "Abrams Discoveries" series. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2003.
    + UK edition – *Tibet: Turning the Wheel of Life*, 'New Horizons' series. London: Thames & Hudson, 2003.
    + JP edition – *Chibetto*, "Chi no Saihakken" series (no.112). Tokyo: Sogensha, 2003.
    + RO edition – *Tibetul: O civilizație rănită*, "Colecțiile Cotidianul Enciclopedica" (Seria a III-a, volumul II). Editura Univers, 2007.

2003 Bhutan guidebook, Odyssey publications (revised ed.), Hong-Kong-London, 2003.

Bhutan, Eds Temmen (revised ed.), Bremen, 2003.

2005

* *Le Bhoutan : Au plus secret de l'Himalaya*, collection « Découvertes Gallimard » (nº 469), série Culture et société. Paris: Éditions Gallimard.

2006 Bhutan. Himalayan Mountain Kingdom. Odyssey Guidebooks, Hong-Kong-Leicester-New York (revised and expanded edition).

2007 Bhutan. Himalayan Mountain Kingdom. Odyssey Guidebooks, Hong-Kong-Leicester-New York (7th revised and expanded edition). Bhoutan, Guides Olizane, Genève, (4e édition revue et corrigée). Bhutan, Eds Temmen, Bremen (4e édition revue et corrigée)

2008 Bhutan, Eds Wydawnictwo M" Publishing House Kraków, Pologne (1e édition) Bhutan, (1e édition) eds. Windows on the World Publishing Co, Bangkok, Thailande

2009 2007 Bhutan. Himalayan Mountain Kingdom. Odyssey Guidebooks, Hong-Kong-Leicester-New York (8th revised and expanded edition)

2021 *Divine Messengers: The Untold Story of Bhutan’s Female Shamans*, coll. Francoise Pommaret, Shambhala.

4) Wide audience Articles

1980: "Fêtes du monde tibétain", in Fêtes du monde en Asie, Paris, pp. 90–96 (en collaboration avec Y.Imaeda).

1981: "The religious culture of Bhutan and Tourism", in Background Presentation :Workshop on development planning and tourism in Bhutan, Thimphu, 1–10.

1987 : "Le Bhoutan: forteresse bouddhique de l'Himalaya", in Atlas Air France, janvier 1987, 64–80. (en collaboration avec Y. Imaeda et G. Van Strydonck).

1988: \- "Bhutan" in Apa Guide South Asia, Singapour. \- "Les textiles du Bhoutan" in Bulletin de l'Association des Amis de l'Orient, Paris. \- "Récits de retour" in Revenant de la Mort, Paris (édition d'art).

1991 \- "An excursion to Bhutan" in Calcutta City Guide, Apa Insight guide, Singapore, 233-239 \- Notes on a collection of kiras purchased in Bhutan in The Society for Asian Art Newsletter, San Francisco, vol.30 n°2 p. 7, winter 1990-1991 and vol.30 n°3 p. 6 spring 1991 \- Programme Bhoutan du Festival d'Automne, Paris

1992 "Bhoutan: le pays du dragon paisible" in Atlas Air France, Août 1992, 113- 128

1994 "Bhoutan", in Le Figaro-Magazine, 12 March 1994, 80–92. "Bhutan" in India Handbook 1995, London, 1994, 1287–1304.

1996 "Bhutan", in Tibet Handbook, Footprint Handbooks, London, 698–745.

1997 "Returning from hell", Religions of Tibet in Practice, D. Lopez (ed). Princeton University Press, 499–510.

"Avant-propos" Lhasa : Terre du divin, F. Pommaret (ed) Editions Olizane, Genève,. 11–18.

"The Art of Bhutan" in The Dictionary of Art, Macmillan Publications, London, 912–916.

"Bhoutan, éternel et magique" Amateur d'art, Point de Vue n° 2572,Novembre 97, 38–40.

\- 1998 "Ces monastères où la vie bat son plein", Geo, Janvier 1998, 12–23.

"Le Bhoutan aujourd'hui", Bhoutan entre Inde et Tibet, catalogue de l'exposition Bhoutan, Centre Culturel de l'Abbaye de Daoulas, Daoulas, 1998, 16–19.

1999 "Bhutan", in Tibet Handbook, (Gyurme Dorje ed.), Footprint Handbooks, Bath, 1999, 825–866. Participation à Bhutan Civics, coursebook for class IX-X, CAPSS, Education Division, Thimphu.

2000 "Le Bhoutan: la diversité culturelle d'un petit pays", Partenaire, n°162 Helvetas, Zürich, Novembre 2000, 6-9 (ed. en français) "The Cultural diversity of Bhutan", Partnership : Bhutan, Helvetas, Zürich, n°162 Nov.2000, 1-4 (ed. en anglais)

2001 "Bhutan: a kingdom of the Himalayas". In Collectif. The living religious & cultural traditions of Bhutan. catalogue, Dept of Culture India, the National Commission for Cultural Affairs, Bhutan. New-Delhi 2001. 1–11.

2002 "Remembering Michael Aris: his role in Bhutanese studies and a personal tribute", in Tibetan Studies III. Impressions of Bhutan and Tibetan Art, Proceedings of the 9th IATS, Leyden, J. Ardussi & H. Blezer (eds.), Brill, Leiden 2002, 31–35.

"Le Bhoutan: défi ou miracle himalayen", in M. Ricard et D.Föllmi (eds), Himalaya bouddhiste, La Martinière, Paris, 2002, 104–106.

"Introduction et notes", Le voyage de Samuel Turner au Bhoutan et au Tibet, traduction française de 1800, Eds. Findakly, Suilly La Tour, 2002.

Notices d'objets dans Rituels tibétains: visions secrètes du 5e Dalai Lama, Catalogue de l'exposition du Musée Guimet (6 novembre 2002- 26 février 2003), RMN, Paris, 2002 (auteurs N. Bazin, A. Heller, S. Karmay, P. Cornu, L. Upansky, F. Pommaret).

2003 Introduction, Lhasa in the 17th century, the capital of the Dalai-Lamas, traduction révisée et augmentée en anglais de l'ouvrage publié en français 1997, F. Pommaret (ed.), Tibetan Studies Series, Brill, Leiden- Boston, ix-xvi.

"The tradition of betel and areca in Bhutan", Journal of Bhutan Studies, vol.8 summer 2003, 12–28.

2004 "Himalaya: la colonisation des âmes" in Cahiers de Médiologie 17 "Missions", Paris : Fayard, 140–147.

"Le Bhoutan et la recherche en sciences humaines", Editorial Réseau Asie www.reseau-asie.com Août 2004.

"Notice de masques de squelettes", La danse de la mort (ouvrage collectif) Suilly La Tour : Ed. Findakly.

"Bhutan: A kingdom of the Eastern Himalayas 1974-1982", interactive CD-rom produced by the National Library of Bhutan. Bilingue: français-anglais. Photos Guy van Strydonck, textes Françoise Pommaret.

"Bhutan Archery Federation. Revitalizing Tradition" Prince Claus Awards. The Positive Results of asylum and Migration, The Netherlands, The Hague, 43–45.

2005 "Tibetan religions. History of study", in The Encyclopedia of Religion, Second Edition, 14, Thomson Gale, Macmillan. 9187–9192. "Worship and devotional life: Buddhist Devotional life in Tibet, in The Encyclopedia of Religion, Second Edition, 14, Thomson Gale, Macmillan. 9839-9842. "Nécessaire de chiqueur", Cent ans d'ethnographie sur la colline de Saint Nicolas (1904–2004), ( M.O. Gonseth, J. Hainard et R. Kaehr, Musée d'Ethnographie de Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, 2005, 278–281. \- "Danses pour un temps futur" Cité Musiques La revue de la Cité de la Musique, n°49 septembre-decembre 2005, 17. \- Himalaya, Notes de programme dans le cadre du cycle la vie et la mort, Cité de la Musique Paris, Octobre 2005.

"Bhoutan: danses pour un temps futur", pp. 22–23. "Chants traditionnels Zhungdra", pp. 25–26. "Sonneries de trompes", p. 28. "Le Cham, rituels et danses masquées", pp. 30–32. "Chants traditionnels Zhungdra, Boedra et Gurma", pp. 34–35.

2006 "Bhoutan. La chanson de Laya", Montagnes, Juillet 2006, 66–71. "The Treasures houses of Bhutan" in Bhutan, Department of Tourism, Thimphu, 2006, 38–43. "The dance of the drums from Drametse", Bhutan Now, November 2006, 20–25.

2007 "Bhoutan, la belle vallée des gens de Laya", Animan, Août- Septembre 2007, p. 27-33. "Palaces of Bhutan" in Bhutan, Department of Tourism, Thimphu, 2007, 32–36. "Monpas. Les gardiens du Pays caché" Grands Reportages, Décembre 2007, 84–88. "Bhutan. Im Tal der Laya", Terra, Oktober/November/Dezember 2007, 62–73.

2008 "The Dung and Shelngo families: A glimpse of Bhutan's early history" in Pek Dorji (ed.) Bhutan. Centenary Issue. Thimphu: Tourism Council of Bhutan, 86-93

5) Co-editor of Books

1997 \- Lhasa: Terre du divin, Editions Olizane, Genève. \- Bhutan: Mountain-fortress of the Gods, Serindia- Museum für Völkerkunde, London-Wien (en collaboration avec C. Schicklgruber) ( également édition en allemand)

1998 Bhoutan; entre Inde et Tibet, catalogue de l'exposition Bhoutan, Centre Culturel de l'Abbaye de Daoulas, Daoulas. Bhutan: Encuentro con los dioses en el Himalaya, Fundacio "La Caixa", Barcelona, 1999 (ed. avec C. Schicklgruber).

2003 Lhasa in the 17th century, the capital of the Dalai-Lamas, traduction révisée et augmentée en anglais de l'ouvrage publié en français 1997, Brill, Leiden.

2007 J. Ardussi & F. Pommaret (eds), Bhutan. Traditions and changes. Proceedings of the XIth IATS Oxford 2003, Brill, Leiden.

2008 Revue d'Études Tibétaines — numéro 14 — Octobre 2008 numero 15 Novembre 2008 TIBETAN STUDIES IN HONOR OF SAMTEN KARMAY Edited by Françoise Pommaret and Jean-Luc Achard www.digitalhimalaya.com

## InfoBox

| Françoise Pommaret | |
| --- | --- |
| Associate Professor Françoise Pommaret at her home in Thimphu, Bhutan, March 2023. | |
| Nationality | French |
| Alma mater | Sorbonne <br>Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales |
| Occupation(s) | Tibetologist, Anthropologist, Author, Professor |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Tibetan studies, Anthropology, International relations |
| Institutions | Royal University of Bhutan |
|  | |


title: Frecency

abstract: In computing, frecency is any heuristic that combines the frequency and recency into a single measure.

text:
# Frecency

In computing, **frecency** is any heuristic that combines the frequency and recency into a single measure.

## Heuristic

In its simplest form, the frequency and recency rating can be added to form a frecency rating. The ratings can be found by sorting items by most recent and most frequent respectively. A decayed calculation using logarithms can also be used.

## Examples

Some web browsers use frecency to predict the likelihood of revisiting a given web page or reusing a given HTTP cache entry

"Frecency is a score given to each unique URI in Places, encompassing bookmarks, history and tags. This score is determined by the amount of revisitation, the type of those visits, how recent they were, and whether the URI was bookmarked or tagged."

Frecency can be computed from a list of use dates, either as pro-actively while a user browses the web or as needed. Some frecency measures can also be computed in a rolling manner without storing such a list.

The ZFS filesystem uses this concept in its adaptive replacement cache (ARC) cache with a most recently used (MRU) and most frequently used (MFU) list.


title: Ross Brown (rugby union)

abstract: Ross Handley Brown was a New Zealand rugby union footballer. He played 16 test matches, most frequently in the first-five back position, for New Zealand's national rugby team, the All Blacks, from 1955 until 1962.

text:
# Ross Brown (rugby union)

**Ross Handley Brown** (8 September 1934 – 20 May 2014) was a New Zealand rugby union footballer. He played 16 test matches (25 total games), most frequently in the first-five back position, for New Zealand's national rugby team, the All Blacks, from 1955 until 1962.

## Career

Ross Brown, one of the finest backs produced by Taranaki where he was always affectionately known as "Pascoe," ended his long, illustrious career, both for his province and the All Blacks, as something of a paradox. Brown's career which embraced 207 first class games, and well in excess of 100 for Taranaki, came in two distinct stages.

In the first, between 1955 and 1962, either first five-eighth or in the midfield at either centre or second five, he was a regular All Black selection. Yet then he was frequently criticised for being too much of a runner and not possessing a good enough kicking game.

In his second phase, from 1963 until he retired four or five years later, he was criticised, but this time, much to the bemusement of the genial Brown himself, he was constantly under attack for what was seen as excessive use of the boot.

This undoubtedly stemmed from the leading role he had as the captain and first five in the Taranaki side which held the Ranfurly Shield between 1963–65. Brown was a potent weapon for Taranaki with his suddenly found talent for dropped goals. He landed 10 alone in the 1964 season, including three in a shield defence against North Auckland.

That Brown should be regarded as primarily a kicker was ironic, particularly for the man himself. As a youngster he had always been a runner and even in his latter years would have loved to have been seen more as an attacker. Rather than being remembered as a marksman dropkicker Brown got more pleasure from the fact he scored 70-odd tries in his first class career and created many others.

In the mid 1960s Brown was regarded by his Taranaki coach and close friend, John Stewart, as being at the top of his game. Yet because he was now perceived as being only a kicker he found himself left out of All Black sides and being judged as not fitting the 15-man game being advocated by the then coach, Fred Allen.

Brown, however, had had the satisfaction of a rewarding career and a lengthy stint as an All Black, especially in the mid to late 1950s.

Brown had an excellent rugby pedigree, being the son of Handley, a three quarter in the famous 1924-25 Invincibles, and was the nephew of Henry, also an All Black three quarter on the 1935-36 tour of Britain.

From his first XV days as a boarder at Auckland's King's College (1st XV 1951–52, 1st XI captain and athletics champion) it was clear that Brown was an outstanding rugby talent and while still a teenager made his debut for Taranaki in 1953 and one year later played for the North in the annual interisland match.

Aged only 20, he received his first test cap as a centre against Australia at Eden Park in 1955. He was in the midfield for the opening three tests against the 1956 Springboks but moved into five-eighth during the third test at Lancaster Park.

He immediately placed a precise cross kick which produced a try for left wing Ron Jarden and remained at fly-half for the fourth test a fortnight later at Eden Park.

Even though in those years he was usually at centre for Taranaki, particularly during the 1957-59 shield reign, Brown was pretty much the All Blacks' first choice at fly-half for the next two or three seasons. Unfortunately, for family reasons he was not available for the 1960 tour of South Africa.

But he regained his All Black place for the 1961 test series against France playing at second five. He made the tour of Australia a year later but then dropped out of national reckoning despite continuing to be a key player for Taranaki for many subsequent years. He was named the Taranaki Sportsman of the Year in the inaugural Taranaki Sports Awards in 1965.

In all Brown played 25 matches for the All Blacks including 16 tests, one regret from his international career being the fact he never went on one of the landmark major tours of his time to either South Africa or Britain and France. He toured only twice with the All Blacks, to Australia, in 1957 and 1962, but was also a member of the powerful New Zealand Under 23 team that toured Hong Kong and Japan in 1958.

His brother Don represented Taranaki 1954 and King Country 1957 whilst his son Andrew played for Ma.nawatu 1985 and Taranaki 1986.

The Ross Brown Shield competition was first played for in 1976 by teams from the four home zones of the Northern Taranaki Primary Schools Rugby Union. Dave McColl, at the time the Primary Schools Rugby Union Chairman and TRFU executive member and Brown, who donated the trophy, were instrumental in putting together the foundations of the event which has grown into an important part of the rugby calendar.

Brown died in New Plymouth on 20 May 2014.

## InfoBox

Ross Brown
| Birth name | Ross Handley Brown |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1934-09-08)8 September 1934 |
| Place of birth | New Plymouth, Taranaki, New Zealand |
| Date of death | 20 May 2014(2014-05-20) (aged 79) |
| Place of death | New Plymouth, Taranaki, New Zealand |
| Height | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) |
| Weight | 74 kg (163 lb; 11 st 9 lb) |
| School | Kings College |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Five-eighth  Provincial / State sides  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1953–68 Taranaki  144  (209)  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1955–62 New Zealand  25  (27) | |


title: Ross Brownridge

abstract: Ross J. Brownridge is a Canadian retired ice hockey center who was an All-American for Dartmouth.

text:
# Ross Brownridge

**Ross J. Brownridge** is a Canadian retired ice hockey center who was an All-American for Dartmouth.

## Career

Brownridge joined the ice hockey program at Dartmouth College in the fall of 1976, as a member of the second recruiting class for George Crowe. When Brownridge arrived in Hanover, the Big Green had not won a playoff game in 27 years and had never finished above 6th in the ECAC Hockey standings. That trend continued during his first two season as the team remained mired in mediocrity, but Brownridge nearly doubled his point production in his sophomore campaign. As a junior, Brownridge saw the program's fortunes change. While his goal production doubled from 10 to 20, Brownridge saw the team win an increasing number of games, finishing the regular season 4th in the conference. The Big Green played the first home playoff game in program history and then defeated top-seeded Boston University in the semifinal to reach the championship game. While Dartmouth finished as runners-up, the team received the second eastern seed in the NCAA Tournament, making the tournament for the first time in 30 years.

Brownridge was selected as team captain for his senior season and replied by upping his goal total to 30 en route to earning All-American honors (the first Dartmouth player in 20 years to do so). Brownridge led the Big Green in scoring by 20 points and led the squad to a Ivy Division championship as well as a 3rd-place finish in their conference. The Big Green finished as runners-up for the second straight year and made another tournament appearance. Dartmouth has not been back to the NCAA tournament since (as of 2021). Brownridge led ECAC Hockey in goal scoring that year, the last Dartmouth skater to do so until Drew O'Connor in 2020. Brownridge sits third in career goals and points for Dartmouth as well as second in assists, however, because the NCAA does not track statistics prior to 1947 (the year the national tournament began), Brownridge is the current leader in all three categories for the Big Green in NCAA play.

After graduating Brownridge played three seasons of professional hockey. He began by winning a championship with the Erie Blades in 1981 and then retired after a short stint with the Fredericton Express.

## Statistics

### Regular season and playoffs

|  | | |  | Regular Season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1974–75 | Brampton Vic Woods | COJHL | |  |  |  |  |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1975–76 | Brampton Chevies | COJHL | |  |  |  |  |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1976–77 | Dartmouth | ECAC Hockey | | 21 | 10 | 12 | 22 | 8 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1977–78 | Dartmouth | ECAC Hockey | | 26 | 10 | 29 | 39 | 26 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1978–79 | Dartmouth | ECAC Hockey | | 27 | 20 | 26 | 46 | 12 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1979–80 | Dartmouth | ECAC Hockey | | 31 | 30 | 29 | 59 | 39 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1980–81 | Erie Blades | EHL | | 72 | 30 | 42 | 72 | 59 | | 8 | 2 | 11 | 13 | 17 |
| 1981–82 | Fredericton Express | AHL | | 25 | 7 | 10 | 17 | 52 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1982–83 | Fredericton Express | AHL | | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| NCAA totals | | | | 105 | 70 | 96 | 166 | 84 | |  |  |  |  |  |

## Awards and honors

| Award | Year |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| All-ECAC Hockey First Team | 1979–80 |  |
| AHCA East All-American | 1979–80 |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Ross Brownridge | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1957-04-01) April 1, 1957
Brampton, Ontario, Canada | | |
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (183 cm) | | |
| Weight | 181 lb (82 kg; 12 st 13 lb) | | |
| Position | Center | | |
| Shot | Left | | |
| Played for | Dartmouth
Erie Blades
Fredericton Express | | |
| Playing career | 19761983 | | |


title: Frederick David Schaeffer

abstract: Frederick David Schaeffer was a German-American Lutheran clergyman.

text:
# Frederick David Schaeffer

**Frederick David Schaeffer** (15 November 1760  27 January 1836) was a German-American Lutheran clergyman.

## Biography

Frederick David Schaeffer was born at Frankfurt am Main in Hesse, Germany. In 1768 he was sent to the gymnasium in Hanau. When both of his parents died, he left the gymnasium. In 1776 he emigrated with an uncle to the United States, but shortly after their arrival the uncle died, and he was left destitute. After teaching in York County, Pennsylvania, he studied theology with Rev. Jacob Goering (1755–1807). He was licensed by the Pennsylvania Ministerium in 1786 and ordained in the Lutheran ministry during 1788. Schaeffer became pastor of Lutheran congregations at Carlisle (1786–1790); Germantown (St. Michael's; 1790–1812), and from 1812 to 1834 was the colleague of Rev. Dr. Justus Henry Christian Helmuth in Philadelphia. He received the degree of D.D. in 1813 from the University of Pennsylvania. In 1834, in consequence of the infirmities of age, he relinquished the ministry, and moved to Frederick, Maryland.

## Works

* *Antwort auf eine Vertheidigung der Methodisten*, a response to the evangelists of the Second Great Awakening (Answer to a defense of the Methodists; Germantown, Pennsylvania, 1806)
* *Eine herzliche Anrede* (A heartfelt address, 1806)

## Family

In 1786, he married Rosina Rosenmiller, who died the year before he did. They had eight children, four of whom became Lutheran clergymen: David Frederick, Frederick Christian, Charles Frederick and Frederick Solomon. The last named died at 25, leaving a son, Charles William, to become a Lutheran clergyman.

## InfoBox

| Frederick David Schaeffer | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | November 15, 1760<br>Frankfurt am Main in Hesse, Germany |
| Died | January 27, 1836(1836-01-27) (aged 75) |
| Nationality | German-American |
| Occupation | Lutheran clergyman |