title: Pan American Games on television

abstract: ABC was the first American television network to broadcast the Pan American Games in 1963, when they devoted one episode of their Wide World of Sports anthology program to the games. They doubled their coverage to two episodes of the show in 1967. CBS then bought the rights to the 1975 and 1979 Games at the same time. Their coverage in 1975 was mainly shown on CBS Sports Spectacular, their equivalent to Wide World of Sports. CBS repeated the process of airing most of its coverage on CBS Sports Spectacular in 1979. For the 1983 games, CBS aired all of its coverage on weekend afternoons. These games also marked the first of three consecutive hosting assignments of Brent Musburger. CBS endured numerous obstacles in the run up to the games, including missing video tape machines and mobile units, inexperienced technicians from several countries, a last minute disagreement with the host broadcaster that left CBS scrambling to add 5 more cameras to the 3 it planned to use at the opening ceremony, and more. In addition, when a large doping scandal broke out at the games, including the sudden departure of 12 American athletes to avoid drug testing, Musburger made special reports on the scandal during the CBS Morning News and CBS Evening News, as well as during the regularly scheduled coverage. CBS broadcast its fourth consecutive Pan American Games in 1987 and provided the host feed as well. This would be the last time that CBS would broadcast the games. Brent Musburger as previously alluded to, returned as host. In 1991, ABC sought the rights to the Pan Am Games in Havana. The negotiations became bogged down in the U.S. embargo against Cuba, which forbade direct payments to Cuba. After a protracted negotiation with the U.S. Justice Department, ABC eventually signed a deal to broadcast the games. The fee was paid indirectly to avoid the embargo. ABC partnered with Ted Turner's TNT cable channel for the Havana games. TNT aired the prime time coverage with Ernie Johnson Jr. as host, while Brent Musburger anchored ABC's weekend afternoon coverage. This would be the last time the games were broadcast by a major broadcast network in the United States. All coverage since has aired on cable or Spanish-language networks.

text:
# Pan American Games on television

ABC was the first American television network to broadcast the Pan American Games in 1963, when they devoted one episode of their *Wide World of Sports* anthology program to the games. They doubled their coverage to two episodes of the show in 1967. CBS then bought the rights to the 1975 and 1979 Games at the same time. Their coverage in 1975 was mainly shown on *CBS Sports Spectacular*, their equivalent to *Wide World of Sports*. CBS repeated the process of airing most of its coverage on *CBS Sports Spectacular* in 1979.

For the 1983 games, CBS aired all of its coverage on weekend afternoons. These games also marked the first of three consecutive hosting assignments of Brent Musburger. CBS endured numerous obstacles in the run up to the games, including missing video tape machines and mobile units, inexperienced technicians from several countries, a last minute disagreement with the host broadcaster that left CBS scrambling to add 5 more cameras to the 3 it planned to use at the opening ceremony, and more. In addition, when a large doping scandal broke out at the games, including the sudden departure of 12 American athletes to avoid drug testing, Musburger made special reports on the scandal during the *CBS Morning News* and *CBS Evening News*, as well as during the regularly scheduled coverage.

CBS broadcast its fourth consecutive Pan American Games in 1987 and provided the host feed as well. This would be the last time that CBS would broadcast the games. Brent Musburger as previously alluded to, returned as host.

In 1991, ABC sought the rights to the Pan Am Games in Havana. The negotiations became bogged down in the U.S. embargo against Cuba, which forbade direct payments to Cuba. After a protracted negotiation with the U.S. Justice Department, ABC eventually signed a deal to broadcast the games. The fee was paid indirectly to avoid the embargo. ABC partnered with Ted Turner's TNT cable channel for the Havana games. TNT aired the prime time coverage with Ernie Johnson Jr. as host, while Brent Musburger (who had been fired by CBS in March 1990) anchored ABC's weekend afternoon coverage. This would be the last time the games were broadcast by a major broadcast network in the United States. All coverage since has aired on cable or Spanish-language networks.

## Since 1995

No major U.S. networks covered the 1999 Pan Am Games from Winnipeg, Canada, except for the Spanish-language network Univisión, while newspapers only sent second-string reporters instead and the stories never made front page news. Winnipeg mayor Glen Murray became nationally well known as a result of the Games and thanks to extensive coverage by the CBC, anchored by CBC Sports' Brian Williams.

In the United States, ESPN and ESPN Deportes held the broadcasting rights for the Pan American Games through 2019.

### 2015 Pam American Games

The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) served as the host and domestic broadcaster of the 2015 Pan American Games from Toronto; locally, coverage was broadcast in the English and French languages by CBC Television and Ici Radio-Canada Télé, and CBC's website carried 650 hours of online coverage. Pay television rights were sub-licensed to Sportsnet, which aired the football (soccer) tournaments, and a semi-final of the Men's basketball tournament that involved Canada. Spanish language rights were sub-licensed to Telelatino and Univision Canada; the broadcaster collaborated with US Spanish-language rights-holder ESPN Deportes on its own coverage. CBC stated that it was "very happy" with the ratings performance of the Games; primetime coverage averaged around 900,000 to 1 million viewers per night, and the opening ceremonies were seen by 1.93 million viewers across CBC and CBC News Network, with the largest audience being in the Toronto region.

In the United States, ESPN held broadcast rights, with 66 hours of English-language coverage across ESPN and ESPN2, 44 hours on Longhorn Network, 200 hours of Spanish-language coverage on ESPN Deportes, and streaming on WatchESPN. ESPN broadcast from studios at Corus Quay, which was linked to the IBC (and in turn, ESPN's headquarters in Bristol, Connecticut). ESPN and ESPN Deportes used their own hosts, as well of those of CBC, as part of its multi-platform coverage.

Rede Record acquired rights in Brazil, paying a record US$30 million. Other broadcasting deals include Torneos y Competencias sports in Argentina, Claro Sports in Mexico and Latina Televisión in Peru.

### 2019 and 2023 Pan American Games

Mediapro served as host broadcaster for the 2019 Pan American Games from Lima, Peru. The Lima Convention Centre hosted the International Broadcast Centre (IBC). Panam Sports also launched the *Panam Sports Channel* on its website, which featured supplemental video content from the Games hosted by local personality Alexandra Hörler.

In February 2022, Mediapro reached an agreement to serve as host broadcaster of Santiago 2023; for the first time, every event held across the Pan-American and Parapan American Games will be televised, nearly doubling the hours of coverage that will be available to rightsholders in comparison to 2019. In September 2022, the country's public broadcaster Televisión Nacional de Chile (TVN) reached an agreement to serve as the domestic broadcaster of the Games. In early-2023, the commercial networks Canal 13 and Chilevisión also acquired rights to the Games.


title: Disruption of 1843

abstract:
The Disruption of 1843, also known as the Great Disruption, was a schism in 1843 in which 450 evangelical ministers broke away from the Church of Scotland to form the Free Church of Scotland.
The main conflict was over whether the Church of Scotland or the British Government had the power to control clerical positions and benefits. The Disruption came at the end of a bitter conflict within the Church of Scotland, and had major effects in the church and upon Scottish civic life.

text:
# Disruption of 1843

The **Disruption of 1843**, also known as the **Great Disruption**, was a schism in 1843 in which 450 evangelical ministers broke away from the Church of Scotland to form the Free Church of Scotland. The main conflict was over whether the Church of Scotland or the British Government had the power to control clerical positions and benefits. The Disruption came at the end of a bitter conflict within the Church of Scotland, and had major effects in the church and upon Scottish civic life.

## The patronage issue

"The Church of Scotland was recognised by Acts of the Parliament as the national church of the Scottish people". Particularly under John Knox and later Andrew Melville, the Church of Scotland had always claimed an inherent right to exercise independent spiritual jurisdiction over its own affairs. To some extent, this right was recognised by the Claim of Right of 1689, which ended royal and parliamentary interference in the order and worship of the church. It was ratified by the Act of Union in 1707.

On the other hand, the right of patronage, in which the patron of a parish had the right to install a minister of his choice, became a point of contention. Many church members believed that this right infringed on the spiritual independence of the church. Others felt that this right was a property of the state. As early as 1712 the right of patronage had been restored in Scotland, amid remonstrances from the church. For many years afterwards, the church's General Assembly tried to reform this practice. However the dominant Moderate Party in the church blocked reform out of fear of conflict with the British Government.

## The "Ten Years' Conflict"

### Veto Act

In 1834, the evangelical party attained a majority in the General Assembly for the first time in 100 years. One of their actions was to pass the Veto Act, which gave parishioners the right to reject a minister nominated by their patron. The Veto Act was to prevent the intrusion of ministers on unwilling parishioners, and to restore the importance of the congregational "call". However, it served to polarise positions in the church, and set it on a collision course with the government.

The first test of the Veto Act came with the *Auchterarder* case of 1834. The parish of Auchterarder unanimously rejected the patron's nominee – and the Presbytery refused to proceed with his ordination and induction. The nominee, Robert Young, appealed to the Court of Session. In 1838, by an 8–5 majority, the court held that in passing the Veto Act, the church had acted *ultra vires*, and had infringed the statutory rights of patrons. It also ruled Church of Scotland was a creation of the state and derived its legitimacy from act of Parliament.

The *Auchterarder* ruling contradicted the Scottish church's Confession of Faith. As Burleigh puts it: "The notion of the Church as an independent community governed by its own officers and capable of entering into a compact with the state was repudiated" (p. 342). An appeal to the House of Lords was rejected.

### Further conflicts

In a second case, the Court of Session summoned the Presbytery of Dunkeld for proceeding with an ordination despite a court interdict. In 1839, the General Assembly suspended seven ministers from Strathbogie for proceeding with an induction in Marnoch in defiance of its orders. In 1841, the seven Strathbogie ministers were deposed for acknowledging the superiority of the secular court in spiritual matters.

The evangelical party later presented to parliament a *Claim, Declaration and Protest Anent the Encroachments of the Court of Session*. The claim recognised the jurisdiction of the civil courts over the endowments that the government gave to the Scottish church. This "The Claim of Right" was drawn up by Alexander Murray Dunlop. However, the claim resolved that the church give up these endowments rather than see the 'Crown Rights of the Redeemer' (i.e. the spiritual independence of the church) compromised. This claim was rejected by parliament in January 1843, leading to the Disruption in May.

## The Disruption

On 18 May 1843, 121 ministers and 73 elders led by David Welsh met at the Church of St Andrew in George Street, Edinburgh. After Welsh read a Protest, the group left St. Andrews and walked down the hill to the Tanfield Hall at Canonmills. There they held the first meeting of the Free Church of Scotland, the Disruption Assembly. Thomas Chalmers was appointed the first Moderator. On 23 May, a second meeting was held for the signing of the Act of Separation by the ministers. Eventually, 474 of about 1,200 ministers left the Church of Scotland for the Free Church.

In leaving the established church, however, they did not reject the principle of establishment. As Chalmers declared: "Though we quit the Establishment, we go out on the Establishment principle; we quit a vitiated Establishment but would rejoice in returning to a pure one. We are advocates for a national recognition of religion – and we are not voluntaries."

Perhaps a third of the evangelicals, the "middle party", remained within the established church – wishing to preserve its unity. However, for those who left, the issue was clear. It was not the democratising of the church (although concern with power for ordinary people was a movement sweeping Europe at the time), but whether the Church was sovereign within its own domain. The body of the church reflecting Jesus Christ, not the monarch nor Parliament, was to be its head. The Disruption was basically a spiritual phenomenon – and for its proponents it stood in a direct line with the Reformation and the National Covenants.

Splitting the church had major implications. Those who left forfeited livings, manses and pulpits, and had, without the aid of the establishment, to found and finance a national church from scratch. This was done with remarkable energy, zeal and sacrifice. Another implication was that the church they left was more tolerant of a wider range of doctrinal views.

There was also the issue of needing to train its clergy, resulting in the establishment of New College, with Chalmers appointed as its first principal. It was founded as an institution to educate future ministers and the Scottish leadership, who would in turn guide the moral and religious lives of the Scottish people. New College opened its doors to 168 students in November 1843, including about 100 students who had begun their theological studies before the Disruption.

Most of the principles on which the protestors went out were conceded by Parliament by 1929, clearing the way for the re-union of that year, but the Church of Scotland never fully regained its position after the division.

### Photographic portraiture

The painter David Octavius Hill was present at the Disruption Assembly and decided to record the scene. He received encouragement from another spectator, the physicist Sir David Brewster who suggested using the new invention, photography, to get likenesses of all the ministers present, and introduced Hill to the photographer Robert Adamson. Subsequently, a series of photographs were taken of those who had been present, and the 5-foot x 11-foot 4 inches (1.53 m x 3.45 m) painting was eventually completed in 1866. The partnership that developed between Hill and Adamson pioneered the art of photography in Scotland. The painting predominantly features the ministers involved in the Disruption but Hill also included many other men – and some women – who were involved in the establishment of the Free Church. The painting depicts 457 people of the 1500 or so who were present at the assembly on 23 May 1843.

## In literature and the arts

The social tensions underlying the Disruption are the subject of William Alexander's novel, *Johnny Gibb of Gushetneuk* (1870). David Octavius Hill's use of photography to record the ministers who participated in the schism of 1843 features in Ali Bacon's novel *In the Blink of an Eye* (2018).

### Citations

### Sources

## Further reading

* Cameron, N. *et al.* (eds.) *Dictionary of Scottish Church History and Theology*, Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1993.
* Burleigh, J. H. S. *A Church History of Scotland* Edinburgh: Hope Trust 1988.


title: Fall in Love (Benjamin Ingrosso song)

abstract: "Fall in Love" is a song recorded by Swedish singer Benjamin Ingrosso. The song was released as a digital download in Sweden on 9 October 2015 and peaked at number 56 on the Swedish Singles Chart. The song was certified gold in Sweden in April 2017.

text:
# Fall in Love (Benjamin Ingrosso song)

"**Fall in Love**" is a song recorded by Swedish singer Benjamin Ingrosso. The song was released as a digital download in Sweden on 9 October 2015 and peaked at number 56 on the Swedish Singles Chart. The song was certified gold in Sweden in April 2017.

## Music video

A music video to accompany the release of "Fall in Love" was first released onto YouTube on 9 October 2015 at a total length of three minutes and forty-nine seconds.

## Track listing

Digital download
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Fall In Love" | 3:47 |

## Chart performance

| Chart (2015) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 56 |
|

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sweden (GLF) | Gold | 20,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sweden | 9 October 2015 | Digital download | TEN |

## InfoBox

| "Fall in Love" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Benjamin Ingrosso | |
| Released | 9 October 2015 |
| Recorded | 2015 |
| Genre | Pop |
| Length | 3:47 |
| Label | TEN |
| Benjamin Ingrosso singles chronology | |
| "**Fall in Love**"
(2015) "Crystal Clear"
(2015) | |


title: Farrea truncata

abstract: Farrea truncata is a species of sea sponge first found at the bottom of shelf, canyon and seamounts of the west coast of Washington, British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska.

text:
# Farrea truncata

***Farrea truncata*** is a species of sea sponge first found at the bottom of shelf, canyon and seamounts of the west coast of Washington, British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska.

## InfoBox

| *Farrea truncata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Porifera |
| Class: | Hexactinellida |
| Order: | Sceptrulophora |
| Family: | Farreidae |
| Genus: | *Farrea* |
| Species: | ***F. truncata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Farrea truncata***<br>Reiswig, 2014 | |
|


title: Fakkah Fuzz

abstract: Muhammad Fadzri Abdul Rashid, professionally known as Fakkah Fuzz, is a Singaporean stand-up comedian and television personality. On January 26, 2018, his Netflix stand-up comedy special Almost Banned was released worldwide.

text:
# Fakkah Fuzz

**Muhammad Fadzri Abdul Rashid** (born 19 September 1986), professionally known as **Fakkah Fuzz**, is a Singaporean stand-up comedian and television personality.

On January 26, 2018, his Netflix stand-up comedy special *Almost Banned* was released worldwide.

## Early life and career

Fadzri was born on 19 September 1986 in Singapore and had his secondary education in Malaysia and did his Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia. He went back to Singapore and did his National Service.

He had previously worked as a waiter for Paddock Club before working at Far East Plaza as a cleaner. He later formed a band and would talk to the audience in between songs, eventually hosting events for local bands. He later worked at a stand-up comedy venue after realising that he had a talent for stand-up.

## Stand-up career

In 2016, Fadzri was criticized for a joke he made about Malaysia's Prime Minister, then-Najib Razak, comparing him to a thief. Fadzri apologized for the joke. He also joined hip-hop collective Grizzle Grind Crew, founded by ShiGGa Shay, and was featured in one of his songs.

On January 26, 2018, his Netflix stand-up comedy special *Almost Banned* was released worldwide, becoming the first Singaporean to have a Netflix stand-up special. In 2023, he released his second comedy special, *Too Real*, also on Netflix.

In 2024, Fadzri went on a tour in Melbourne, Australia. He held a show on 3 August at the Esplanade Theatre and performed under Fadzri Rashid, stating that he would be retiring the stage name Fakkah Fuzz.

## InfoBox

| Fakkah Fuzz | |
| --- | --- |
| Fadzri in 2022 | |
| Born | Muhammad Fadzri Abdul Rashid
(1986-09-19) September 19, 1986
Singapore |
| Occupation | Comedian |


title: Fakići

abstract: Fakići is a village in the municipality of Donji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

text:
# Fakići

**Fakići** (Cyrillic: Факићи) is a village in the municipality of Donji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 10, all Croats.

## InfoBox

| Fakići Факићи | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Fakići | |
| Coordinates: 44°05′N 17°24′E / 44.083°N 17.400°E / 44.083; 17.400 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Canton | Central Bosnia |
| Municipality | Donji Vakuf |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.96 sq mi (2.49 km2) |
| Population (2013) | |
| Total | 10 |
| Density | 10/sq mi (4.0/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Family and Childcare Trust

abstract: The Family and Childcare Trust is a UK charity formed from the merger of the Daycare Trust and the Family and Parenting Institute in 2013.

text:
# Family and Childcare Trust

The **Family and Childcare Trust** is a UK charity formed from the merger of the Daycare Trust and the Family and Parenting Institute in 2013.

## Research

The Trust produces extensive research on the early years and family services. The charity's produces three annual reports titled the Childcare Survey, Holiday Childcare Survey and Older People's Care Survey.

The annual Childcare Survey is published in the spring and documents the costs and availability of childcare in the UK. Data from the Childcare Survey has been used by the UK government to assess childcare in the UK and by the Living Wage Foundation to calculate the Living Wage. The Trust also publishes the annual Holiday Childcare Survey is published in the summer and documents the costs and availability of holiday childcare in the UK, and the annual Older People's Care Survey is published in the fall and documents the costs and availability of care for older people in the UK.

## Programmes

The Family and Childcare Trust runs a number of parent-led programmes.

The Parent Champions programme is a peer-to-peer volunteer support programme launched by the Daycare Trust in 2007. The Parent Champions model consists of parents reaching out to local parents in the community and speaking to them about their own experiences of local family services, particularly early education services.

The Young Dads Collective (YDC) works to reduce levels of poverty and isolation experienced by young dads aged 25 and under. The YDC is made of young dads who engage with and consult family services professionals as experts by experience. The YDC model involves supporting the young members to advocate on behalf of other young dads and developing the members' skill sets and employability.

The Family and Childcare Trust provides the secretariat for the All Party Parliamentary Group for Families in the Early Years.


title: Fan Kuang-yao

abstract: Fan Kuang-yao is a Taiwanese actor and xiangsheng performer. He has been nominated for three Golden Bell Awards and won once in 2005.

text:
# Fan Kuang-yao

**Fan Kuang-yao** (born 3 May 1975) is a Taiwanese actor and xiangsheng performer. He has been nominated for three Golden Bell Awards and won once in 2005.

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Fan Kuang-yao | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1975-05-03) 3 May 1975
Taipei, Taiwan |
| Other names | Fan Guang-yao |
| Education | Taipei Hwa Kang Arts School
Chinese Culture University |
| Occupation(s) | Actor
Xiangsheng performer |
| Years active | 1990–present |
| Spouse | Liu Wei-ling (m. 2007) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Chinese | 樊光耀 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Fán Guāngyào  Yue: Cantonese  Jyutping Faan4 Gwong1 Jiu6  Southern Min  Hokkien POJ Hoân Kong-iāu | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Falseuncaria brunnescens

abstract: Falseuncaria brunnescens is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Shanxi, China.

text:
# Falseuncaria brunnescens

***Falseuncaria brunnescens*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Shanxi, China.

## InfoBox

| *Falseuncaria brunnescens* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Falseuncaria* |
| Species: | ***F. brunnescens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Falseuncaria brunnescens***<br>Bai Guo & Guo, 1996 | |
|


title: Farms Common

abstract: Farms Common is a hamlet in the parish of Wendron, Cornwall, England.

text:
# Farms Common

**Farms Common** is a hamlet in the parish of Wendron, Cornwall, England.

## InfoBox

| Farms Common | |
| --- | --- |
| Farms CommonLocation within Cornwall | |
| OS grid reference | SW678340 |
| Civil parish |  |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Helston |
| Postcode district | TR13 |
|


title: Farmsen-Berne

abstract: Farmsen-Berne is a quarter of Hamburg, Germany, in the borough of Wandsbek. More than 34,000 inhabitants live in an area of 8.3 km⁲. Farmsen and Berne are part of the area of Walddörfer.

text:
# Farmsen-Berne

**Farmsen-Berne** is a quarter of Hamburg, Germany, in the borough of Wandsbek. More than 34,000 inhabitants live in an area of 8.3 km2. Farmsen (German pronunciation: \[ˈfaʁmzn̩\] ) and Berne (German pronunciation: \[ˈbɛʁnə\] ) are part of the area of Walddörfer (lit. *forest villages*).

## Geography

Farmsen-Berne borders the quarters of Rahlstedt, Tonndorf, Wandsbek, Bramfeld, Sasel, and Volksdorf. The stream of Berner Au flows through Farmsen-Berne and, behind the pond of Kupfermühlenteich, into Wandse river.

## History

In 1296, the former villages of Farmsen and Berne were first mentioned. Farmsen was then called *Vermerschen*, deriving of *Fridumareshusen* or *Fridumaresheim*, founded by a Franconian settler named Fridumar. The name Berne has its origin in *Baren*, meaning a small stream - Berner Au in this case. Farmsen-Berne was an exclave of Hamburg in Prussian territory. In 1937, the villages were incorporated into Hamburg by the Greater Hamburg Act, which came into force in 1938.

## Politics

These are the results of Farmsen-Berne in the Hamburg state election:

|  | SPD | Greens | CDU | AfD | Left | FDP | Others |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | **47,0 %** | 17,7 % | 9,6 % | 8,2 % | 7,5 % | 3,7 % | 6,3 % |
| 2015 | **54,2 %** | 7,4 % | 13,4 % | 8,2 % | 7,2 % | 5,7 % | 3,9 % |
| 2011 | **55,8 %** | 7,6 % | 19,9 % |  | 6,1 % | 5,1 % | 5,5 % |
| 2008 | 37,0 % | 6,5 % | **42,3 %** |  | 7,1 % | 3,8 % | 3,3 % |
| 2004 | 35,7 % | 8,2 % | **45,5 %** |  |  | 2,8 % | 7,9 % |
| 2001 | **39,6 %** | 5,3 % | 24,5 % |  | 0,2 % | 4,3 % | 26,1 % |

## Transportation

Hamburg U-Bahn line U1, the former Walddörfer railway, was built since 1912 in the area and has three stops in Farmsen-Berne: Trabrennbahn, Farmsen, Oldenfelde and Berne, of which Farmsen station is the largest. It has four tracks, and a railway repair workshop is located here.

## InfoBox

| Farmsen-Berne | |
| --- | --- |
| Quarter of Hamburg | |
| Library Farmsen | |
| Location of Farmsen-Berne in Hamburg | |
| Farmsen-Berne Farmsen-Berne | |
| Coordinates: 53°36′23″N 10°07′11″E / 53.606389°N 10.119722°E / 53.606389; 10.119722 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Hamburg |
| City | Hamburg |
| Borough | Hamburg-Wandsbek |
| Area | |
| Total | 8.3 km2 (3.2 sq mi) |
| Population (2023-12-31) | |
| Total | 38,624 |
| Density | 4,700/km2 (12,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Dialling codes | 040 |
| Vehicle registration | HH |


title: Falkirk High School

abstract: Falkirk High School is a high school located in Falkirk, Stirlingshire that was founded in 1886. It is a non-denominational six-year fully comprehensive school, situated approximately one mile from the centre of the town. It serves a widespread catchment area and has eight associated primary schools: Bainsford, Bantaskin, Carmuirs, Comely Park, Easter Carmuirs, Langlees, Limerigg and Slamannan Primary Schools. There are four houses – Campbell (Red), Mackay (Blue), Cameron (Green) and Robertson (Yellow), which are named after the first four rectors of the school.

text:
# Falkirk High School

55°59′49″N 3°48′18″W / 55.997°N 3.805°W / 55.997; -3.805

**Falkirk High School** is a high school located in Falkirk, Stirlingshire that was founded in 1886.

It is a non-denominational six-year fully comprehensive school, situated approximately one mile from the centre of the town. It serves a widespread catchment area and has eight associated primary schools: Bainsford, Bantaskin, Carmuirs, Comely Park, Easter Carmuirs, Langlees, Limerigg and Slamannan Primary Schools.

There are four houses – Campbell (Red), Mackay (Blue), Cameron (Green) and Robertson (Yellow), which are named after the first four rectors of the school.

## Roll

* 2004/2005 1153
* 2010/2011 1058

## Notable former teachers

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

| Falkirk High School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Falkirk, Stirlingshire<br>Scotland | |
| Information | |
| Type | Secondary |
| Motto | Invicem Servite (Serve one another) |
| Head teacher | Stuart Kelly |
| Teaching staff | 102 |
| Number of students | 1,200 |
| Color(s) | maroon/white |
| Athletics | gymnasium, swimming pool, dance/fitness suite and rugby/football pitch |
| Website | http://www.falkirk.falkirk.sch.uk/ |


title: Farewell, Arkansas

abstract: Farewell is a community in Carroll County in northwest Arkansas, United States. The community is on Arkansas Highway 311, northeast of Green Forest. The community of Denver lies on the banks of Long Creek approximately three miles to the east. The community of Yocum is three miles northwest on Arkansas Highway 103. A school was constructed of logs at the location in 1870. A community meeting was held to determine a name. However, no agreement was reached and a member walked out in disgust saying "farewell" and the community members decided that would be the name.

text:
# Farewell, Arkansas

**Farewell** is a community in Carroll County in northwest Arkansas, United States. The community is on Arkansas Highway 311, northeast of Green Forest. The community of Denver lies on the banks of Long Creek approximately three miles to the east. The community of Yocum is three miles northwest on Arkansas Highway 103.

A school was constructed of logs at the location in 1870. A community meeting was held to determine a name. However, no agreement was reached and a member walked out in disgust saying "farewell" and the community members decided that would be the name.

36°23′32″N 93°22′11″W / 36.39222°N 93.36972°W / 36.39222; -93.36972


title: Faroese art

abstract: Faroese art is art by artists living in the Faroe Islands and art by Faroese nationals living abroad. In the Faroe Islands, art is an important part of everyday life and in the public debate. It may be the special light in the Faroes which causes so many to express themselves in painting. The ever-changing Faroese weather and light provide opportunities for endless nuances, something which has fascinated both foreign and local artists over the years. However, the history of Faroese art is short, and can only be dated a couple of hundred years back. Lack of time, light and materiel may have caused the late appearance of painting. But despite this, the islands have a very active art scene. A great many of the Faroese artists of today resent being reminded that Faroese art is a comparatively recent phenomenon. They find such an observation annoying as regards their artistic work, and they claim that such a statement has no bearing whatsoever on them as artists as their frame of reference is both local and global. With the first Faroese painters the landscape became a national icon and it has remained the central topic in Faroese visual art. The grip that Faroese art, motifically speaking, takes on the Faroese landscape might seem to be a rather old-fashioned approach to visual art. The interest in installations, minimalism and conceptual art, has so far not affected Faroese art much. The village by the ocean is probably the motif which has been repeated the most. Danish art critic Ole Nørlyng concludes that nature, the wild landscape, is the driving force behind Faroese artists, but except for a close affinity with the landscape and culture of the islands, there has always been great diversity in Faroese art.

text:
# Faroese art

**Faroese art** is art by artists living in the Faroe Islands and art by Faroese nationals living abroad. In the Faroe Islands, art is an important part of everyday life and in the public debate. It may be the special light in the Faroes which causes so many to express themselves in painting. The ever-changing Faroese weather and light provide opportunities for endless nuances, something which has fascinated both foreign and local artists over the years. However, the history of Faroese art is short, and can only be dated a couple of hundred years back. Lack of time, light and materiel may have caused the late appearance of painting. But despite this, the islands have a very active art scene. A great many of the Faroese artists of today resent being reminded that Faroese art is a comparatively recent phenomenon. They find such an observation annoying as regards their artistic work, and they claim that such a statement has no bearing whatsoever on them as artists as their frame of reference is both local and global.

With the first Faroese painters the landscape became a national icon and it has remained the central topic in Faroese visual art. The grip that Faroese art, motifically speaking, takes on the Faroese landscape might seem to be a rather old-fashioned approach to visual art. The interest in installations, minimalism and conceptual art, has so far not affected Faroese art much. The village by the ocean is probably the motif which has been repeated the most. Danish art critic Ole Nørlyng concludes that nature, the wild landscape, is the driving force behind Faroese artists, but except for a close affinity with the landscape and culture of the islands, there has always been great diversity in Faroese art.

## Pioneers

The first paintings art historians are familiar with are those by Díðrikur í Kárastovu. He was a farmer who commonly was known as Díðrikur á Skarvanesi (1802–1865). Díðrikur was settled in a small village, Skarvanes, on the island Sandoy. His subjects were real and imaginary birds in vivid colours. Although not in perfect condition, five of his paintings have been preserved. They are a feature in the permanent exhibition at the national Faroese art museum, Listasavn Føroya. One of his better paintings is entitled *Moon Doves*.

Niels Kruse (1871–1951) was the first Faroese landscape painter, a theme which was to become a most common motif in Faroese art. Kruse lived in the village Eiði on the island Eysturoy. Kruse was almost completely self-taught. He was fortunate enough to receive some help and advice from an American explorer, Elizabeth Taylor, who stayed in the Faroes in 1895. In 1924 one of his works was accepted by a gallery in Denmark. This marked a turning point in Faroese art history, as this was the first time ever a painter had succeeded outside of the Islands. Kruse even managed to make a living from his painting, again something which earlier had been unheard of.

There were some other painters from this early generation. Both Kristin í Geil and Jógvan Waagstein are worth mentioning. Both of them were well settled in Tórshavn. And again, these two were self-taught landscape painters. As was the case with Kruse, Waagstein received knowledge and advice from Elizabeth Taylor. Later on í Geil received some schooling from Kruse. These two latter, however, never made their living exclusively from painting.

These painters were all pioneers in the field of visual art in the Faroes, and they helped to make their fellow countrymen aware of the art of painting. The late 19th century marks the beginning of a Faroese art tradition slowly developing for the first time. There are several reasons for this being so. The arrival of Elizabeth Taylor with her knowledge of art helped to inspired several to start painting. And most importantly the late 19th century sparked the beginning of the national movement. The national revival brought with it the love of the landscape - a brand new theme which was to become a national icon, more so than anywhere in visual art. The theme came to dominate all through the 20th century.

With the first painters, the love and affection of the homeland was obvious, and still in the 21st Century the theme is being treated by a new generation of artists. However, several painters contributed to Faroese artists developing a passion for many different styles and subjects.

## Mothers and fathers of Faroese art

The real history of Faroese art starts in 1927, when three young artists held an exhibition in Tórshavn. Two of these were Sámal Joensen-Mikines (1906–1979) and William Heinesen (1900–1990).

The first, Mikines, came to be known as the father of Faroese art and the first Faroese artist to become internationally recognised. More importantly he was the very first Faroese artist to acquire an artistic degree. Mikines began his education at the Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen in 1928 with Aksel Jørgensen and Ejnar Nielsen as his teachers. Mikines was artistically highly inspired by the Norwegian artist Edvard Munch, and had a great admiration for El Greco and Delacroix. His early paintings are naturalistic, but later he became an expressive figurative painter. He was very original in his choice of colour and design. Mikines demonstrated a new approach to substance and form in painting which had a profound influence on Faroese art. He painted funerals, steep mountains and landscapes. His paintings of pilot whaling became important to future artists. He introduced the possibility of allowing the landscape to mirror the painter's inner life.

William Heinesen was a very different type of artist. Literature was his vocation. Although he considered himself an amateur in visual art, he created some very important works in Faroese art. His imagery doesn't evolve around the landscape. Folktale, satire and everyday life are Heinesen's subjects.

### After World War II

During this period a new era had begun in Faroese visual art. Mikines wasn't the only one from his generation who received his formal training in Copenhagen. Faroese art experienced a virtual blossoming after World War II, when several talented and productive artists returned to the Faroe Islands after finishing their studies in Denmark. The range of motifs and styles were greatly expanded.

A new generation of artists, who had acquired artistic degrees didn't want to use their art for the sole purpose of expressing their love for their country. The ones who followed included the classical modernist Janus Kamban (1913–2009), the colourist Ruth Smith (1913–1958), the graphical artist Elinborg Lützen (1915–1995) and the great abstract painter Ingálvur av Reyni (1920–2005). Together with Mikines and Heinesen, these are the mothers and fathers of Faroese art.

* Kamban was the first Faroese sculptor. In style he ranges from the strictly naturalistic to the classically simple. His subjects are usually people, and he uses clay, bronze and basaltic rock for his sculptures. As a graphic artist, Kamban mostly portrays the Faroese landscape.
* Smith was one of the most talented Faroese artists. Her subjects were scenery and faces. She worked very consciously with colour. Over a period of twenty years she painted numerous self-portraits, one has been held as one of the finest portraits in Scandinavian art.
* Lützen's work is full of creatures from the world of myth, legend and folktale. With Lützen the graphic arts became an independent art form which enriched the artistic milieu through her all-absorbing interest in the technique of linocut, and the result of her artistic work is of high quality and intensity measured by any standard.
* Av Reyni has been the most influential of them all. The dynamic lines and the temperamental pastose brushwork has become a vital part the Faroese painting tradition. Av Reyni introduced cubism, abstract expressionism and suprematism to the Faroes. His early works were rather naturalistic landscapes, but in the early 1960s he dissolved the romantic and impressionist landscape, when he started to paint more and more abstract. His paintings usually contain a figurative core, which is described by the title of his paintings. As a black-and-white artist, he has drawn many portraits as well as landscapes. He is ranked as one of the great modernists in Scandinavia.

## Landscape expressionists

The common denomination “landscape expressionist” comprises a group of diverse artists, solely because the nature and landscape are central themes in their work. Zacharias Heinesen (1936), Thomas Arge (1942–1978), Tróndur Patursson (1943), Torbjørn Olsen (1956), Barður Jákupsson (1943) and Amariel Norðoy (1945) all belong to this group, as do many others. This large generation of painters from the 1930s to 1960's has been able to find common stylistic expressions. They exploit the full spectrum of the formal possibilities painting has to offer. They work with the unified whole and detail. Sometimes the subject matter almost disappears in the pure abstraction of the colours and forms, but rarely completely. A reminiscence of the landscape always remains. Not as a true-to-life reproduction, but as a landscape experience which is communicated via a variety of temperaments. So great has their contribution to Faroese art been that for a long time a genuine Faroese painting should preferably be a highly colouristic, expressive and semi abstract landscape, filled with North-Atlantic drama. It is not an unusual criticism that Faroese art relies too heavily on nature as a motif. But when the variety of expression is taken into account, the criticism doesn't seem fair.

* Zacharias Heinesen has in his paintings explored the light and colours of the landscape and tried to render the ephemeral moment.
* In Thomas Arge's paintings we get a glimpse of the inner structures, shapes and colours of the landscape.
* Bárður Jákupsson has found shapes and colours that others probably do not notice in Faroese Nature.
* In Tróndur Patursson's work it is the sense of immensity of nature that gains significance.
* The village by the ocean is probably the motif which has been repeated the most in Faroese art. In Countless paintings Amariel Norðoy has repeated the motif and shown it contains unlimited possibilities.

But despite the light and distinct colours of nature and scenery, Faroese art is not exclusively landscape.

## Contemporary Faroese art

The landscape has been the national theme of Faroese painting, arguably as a collectively chosen shell around the core of modern painting. In recent years, however, other subjects have emerged and appear to be edging out the landscape. The common denominator for the younger generation of Faroese artists is that they all have managed to outline new directions for Faroese art, while at the same time, relating with insight to the Faroese landscape tradition. The interest in the human mind, existential or philosophical questions or the internal landscapes seems to rise. The postmodern interest in contemporary philosophy, mass media and politics has begun to appear in Faroese art, and has emerged concomitantly with its appearance in other countries. One of the artist working in this field is Ole Wich (1953), who has worked with cross media art on the internet connected to present political and culturel issues in the faroese society, as well as conceptuel pieces places between visual expression and science.

The Faroese visual art has hardly ever been as manifold as it is today, although the genre remains traditional painting. There is a lot of pessimism among the artists themselves. They are doubtful of the future of Faroese art and they fear that the small-scaled nature and isolation of Faroese art may prove to be insurmountable handicaps. In the long run, they say 50,000 people and a couple of dozen artists will not be able to sustain a living artistic culture. Naturally, there is a danger that it might stagnate and die from lack of nourishment. At the same time, it is difficult to see how things could go so wrong while the need is so great.

There are many young artists who are currently identifying new paths for Faroese art. The younger generation of Faroese artists has mainly chosen to reside abroad as has Hansina Iversen, who is based in Copenhagen and Hanni Bjartalíð in Helsinki.

* Hansina Iversen (1966) ostensibly distances herself from nature as a motif. Her pictures are non-figurative and pure, seemingly purified of motif. The smooth fluency of her works are an exploration of the absolute and, thus, nature. Iversen has created a new philosophical approach to the Faroese Landscape tradition.
* Hanni Bjartalíð (1968) uses humour to describe man's relation to nature. His imagery is primarily of the modern world. Modern man's alienation from nature is a natural theme in his art. Bjartalíð demonstrates great freedom regarding Faroese and Nordic art landscape traditions, which are associated with romantic conception of a unique Nordic soul characterised by a close relation to nature.
* Edward Fuglø (1965) avoids landscapes; his symbolism concerns people. He creates surreal-comic and ironic paintings. Fuglø observes and mocks people – mostly men – in their absurd activities. The images are always pointed at political or perhaps art-political commentary. His imagery is in many ways innovative in the Faroese tradition. Fuglø is also one of the best illustrators in the Faroes.

## Art galleries

In the Faroe Islands there is a great interest in buying Faroese art to decorate your home with. This appreciation means that it is easy to find art galleries round about the islands. Some galleries are dedicated to local artists, while others have regular exhibitions. But the number of art galleries is highest in Tórshavn.

* In Tórshavn you will find the national art museum Listasavn Føroya. The Art Museum was founded in 1989. The present gallery was opened in 1993. The exhibition building is faced with black tarred wood, and has elements of traditional Faroese building. It is surrounded by trees, as it is situated next to a park. The permanent collection displays some of the best works by William Heinesen, Ingálvur av Reyni and Sámal Mikines. Each year two exhibitions take place that focus exclusively on Faroese artists. The first one is the spring exhibition in May; the second is the annual Saint Olav's Day exhibition in late July. Whereas the first one exclusively features professional artists, the latter one mainly features amateurs.
* Listahøllin is situated in a green concrete building at Tórshavn Shipyard.
* In Vágur located in the island Suðuroy the southernmost island, there is a Ruth Smith Art Museum. The art museum has artworks (paintings and drawings) made by Ruth Smith.
* In Sandur, the main village on Sandoy, there is an art museum "Listasavnið á Sandi" with artworks (paintings, sculptures etc.) by various Faroese artists. The art collection and the museum building was donated to the village in 2005 by a Sofus Olsen, who grew up in Sandur, but lived in Tórshavn for many years. The museum opened on his 92nd birthday.

## Art on stamps

Several paintings by Faroese artists have been featured on stamps. All Faroese stamp editions are about items relating to the Faroes and most of them are designed by Faroese artists. Faroese art is among the main motifs, both in reproductions of important paintings and in involving the artists in drawing stamps.

### Notes

### Bibliography

### Further reading

* Heinesen, William. *The Art of the Faroe Islands*. Tórshavn: E. Thomsen, 1983.
* Irve, Bent. *Føroysk list = Färöisk konst = Art from the Faroes*. Helsinki: Nordiskt konstcentrum, 1983. ISBN 951-95755-5-3
* Wivel, Mikael *Sekel - Færøsk kunst i hundrede år*. Færøernes Kunstmuseum, 2011.


title: Faeries' Landing

abstract:
Faeries' Landing is a 1998 Japanese style manhwa created by You Hyun and licensed in 2004 by Tokyopop. The original title is 선녀 강림; 선녀 (seon-nyeo) refers to the Korean version of a female angel. Set in modern-day South Korea with a strong element of fantasy, it follows the misadventures of 16-year-old Ryang Jegal which result when he meets the faerie Fanta, as well as his fate of having 108 doomed relationships. The plot also shares common elements with the classic Korean fairytale of the Fairy and the Woodcutter, both in Fanta and Ryang's story, but as well as the story of Fanta's parents, who were the basis of the legend.
In the English version, the names of the characters and settings were changed dramatically. Korean version follows a traditional Korean folktale and settings while English version was altered to fit the world of faeries. Translated character dialogs has been localized for North American audiences.

text:
# Faeries' Landing

***Faeries' Landing*** (선녀 강림 *Seonnyeo Ganglim*) is a 1998 Japanese style *manhwa* created by You Hyun and licensed in 2004 by Tokyopop. The original title is 선녀 강림 (*Seon-nyeo Gang-lim*); 선녀 (*seon-nyeo*) refers to the Korean version of a female angel.

Set in modern-day South Korea with a strong element of fantasy, it follows the misadventures of 16-year-old **Ryang Jegal** (the Korean pronunciation of the Chinese historical figure, Zhūgě Liàng) which result when he meets the faerie Fanta, as well as his fate of having 108 doomed relationships. The plot also shares common elements with the classic Korean fairytale of the Fairy and the Woodcutter (also known as the story of Star Fisher in China and the Tennyo in Japan), both in Fanta and Ryang's story, but as well as the story of Fanta's parents, who were the basis of the legend. In the English version, the names of the characters and settings were changed dramatically. Korean version follows a traditional Korean folktale and settings while English version was altered to fit the world of faeries (resulting in Goodfellow and variety of characters). Translated character dialogs has been localized for North American audiences.

## Story

Ryang Jegal lives a relatively normal life; save whenever his teachers try to force him to remove his trademark bandana. When he saves a deer spirit called Goodfellow (Chunrok), Goodfellow offers him the opportunity to see something extraordinary. Since he has nothing better to do, Ryang accepts.

It turns out, Goodfellow's surprise is an enchanted spring where three beautiful faeries are bathing. Since he and Goodfellow cannot manage to stay undetected, Ryang accidentally tears the gown of one of the faeries. While Thea and Sina, the other two, can return to Avalon (the home of the faeries), the third cannot. The faerie Fanta decides that she will stay with Ryang until her gown heals. Fanta, despite the fact she cannot return home, is more than happy to stay on earth with Ryang.

Things seem to be going fine until Fanta's rival for the throne of Avalon and the king's affections, the faerie Medea, arrives on the scene. Determined to stir up some trouble, Medea anoints poor Ryang with magic eyedrops. If Ryang makes eye contact with a girl who already has romantic interest of any sort, an evil affinity will result. Ryang is destined to suffer 108 evil affinities and cannot control who he affects.

Since Fanta is the only one able to purify the evil affinities, it looks like Ryang will have to welcome her into his life. Little does he know, Fanta has her own reasons and problems for coming to earth in the first place...

## Characters

### Main characters

Ryang Jegal (제갈량) Ryang is the 16-year-old protagonist of *Faeries' Landing*. He lives with his oldest brother Hun Jegal and his wife, Taeyeong Oh. His parents are both working overseas, and his other brother Kang is currently serving out his mandatory Korean military term. (Kang does come back in the later volumes, and gets used by Ryang's psycho ex-girlfriend Yuri.) Ryang always wears a bandana to cover up a long scar that Yuri gave him on his forehead. His best friend is Mungyeong Seong, who goes to school with him and Fanta. Ryang was held back a year because he missed too much school, for a reason that has not been disclosed yet, but he seems to be a decent student. He is fairly athletic as well, as he is an extremely fast runner and good skateboarder. It is said that Ryang has no problem attracting girls, something that would get him into trouble later on. As for Ryang himself, there are more and more hints that he is attracted to Fanta. Fanta The heroine of Faeries' Landing and the Faerie of Affinity. She is usually the only one who can purify Ryang's evil affinities, though her brother Pain and others with strong magical abilities can hold off the negative effects for an undisclosed amount of time. Until her gown heals itself (since a gown is a living part of a faerie), Fanta lives with Ryang's family on earth. Rather than being upset, she is quite happy to stay, mostly because it is the best opportunity to find her father's reincarnation and learn more about him. Ryang, Seho Yun, and Yuri Kim are the only humans who know that Fanta is a Faerie since Fanta has wiped the memories of everyone else who has seen her at work. Though she looks sixteen, Fanta is actually 172 years old (since one Avalon year is about 10 earth years). She can be manipulative, especially since her innocent and sweet appearances allows others to trust her. Despite the handicap of being a half-faerie, Fanta is extremely powerful, and was even able to summon a master class gown in the middle of a magical battle against her rival Medea and the exiled god Neptune, despite the fact such a feat should have been impossible. Fanta likes life in the mortal realm so much she completely torn her dress in half to stay longer, which was why summoning a master class dress was such an impressive feat, considering how badly her regular dress was damaged. Beyond her impressive magical powers, Fanta is very agile and strong, something that comes in handy more than once while fighting evil affinities. Furthermore, her body possesses the unique quality of being to absorb, store, and then release vast amounts of magical energy. Because the power was dangerous, it was sealed off when Fanta was very young and she undid the seal only when Oreadia's life was threatened. This quality is shared by the King of Avalon and one of the primary reasons why he wants to marry her; since both he and Oreadia noticed this aspect of Fanta before it was sealed off, Fanta has become instrumental in both their plans. Fanta's true main goal in life is to find her father and she will trust anyone who might say where he is, including her mother. However, even after a trip to the past to witness how her father and mother met, she finds that no one knows of her father's fate after Oran returned to Avalon with her two children and is left only with a rumour that he is possibly a prison in the Gwimun Mountains. Towards the end of volume 16, Fanta returns to Avalon with her mother under the impression that Oran will allow her to meet Sindo; in truth, Oran attempting to keep her daughter from interfering with her plans. However, Fanta really does see her father, whose only care in life is to be free from his imprisonment. Seho Yun One of Ryang's classmates. He learned early that Fanta is a faerie. When Fanta tried to wipe his memory it was uncovered that Seho has a multiple-personality disorder consisting of two distinct personalities, which possibly resulted when his twin brother died at birth. This condition prevents Fanta from wiping his memory or cutting his line of affinity. His personalities consist of a "geek" Seho with glasses, closed eyes and a quieter disposition and a "cool" Seho with no glasses, open eyes and a wilder personality. In the eleventh book, the "geek" Seho called himself Jun when meeting with Sorim (his girlfriend). Zero and the "Spirit Squad of Five" For a good deal of time, Ryang had to rely on Fanta to deal with evil affinities until they could be purified. This changed when Fanta's brother gave Ryang some strong magical abilities using his skateboard as a medium. So far, Ryang has used the skateboard to fly, and created a powerful energy blast by drawing on its power, even though it was nowhere near him. Five spirits can inhabit the skateboard, each representing one of the five elements (earth, fire, wood, water, and metal). Evidently, Ryang does not have to have the skateboard with him to access magical power, and is extremely likely he can do much more. The de facto leader of the five is Zero, an earth spirit, and the first to inhabit the skateboard. As far as volume 10, only a spirit of metal is required to balance the current four. The other three spirits include Gabija (fire), Nyrckes (wood), and Neptune (water). Neptune, originally a sea god and initially not a true water elemental until Fanta enchanted him so he would be bound by the elemental cycle, does not appear to work with Zero, Nyrckes, and Gabija as often. None of the spirits are particularly fond of Ryang and rarely listen to his concerns, though are much more cooperative with Fanta. Yuri Kim A rich and revenge-minded teenage girl at the high school usually described as "psycho" and Ryang's ex-girlfriend. She is extremely beautiful and is popular among men, and also likes to dress up in unique styles. (Her hairstyle changes every time she shows up and she seems to possess an impressive wardrobe) Readers are shown Ryang's first date with Yuri Kim in vol 3, as told to Fanta by Mungyeong Seong. Yuri treated Ryang abusively, making it hard to believe that they ever had any more dates. However, in vol 16 readers are shown a bit of Ryang's memory of him dating Yuri. She is the one responsible for the long scar on his forehead, a parting "gift" when their relationship broke up. She is obsessed with Ryang because he is the only man who ever got over her after their relationship ended. She is keen on getting him back, and is willing to do criminal deeds to satisfy her goal. She is resentful of Fanta and Fanta's relationship with Ryang, eventually taking advantage of Ryang's brother, Kang, in order to get to Ryang. She took in Bast, as a cat, after Bast lost one of her nine lives in vol 5. Since then Bast has shown Yuri Kim the existence of faeries and the two have worked together to take down Fanta. Yuri Kim employs two Japanese "body-guards", whom were birthday gifts from her father. She is currently being used as the host of the next evil force; when the force awakens, her life light will blow out. Sindo Pain and Fanta's father, who appears when Fanta uses a History Hex on Ryang to enter the past (volume 12). He is not attractive, but is good, honest, and compassionate. He lives as a woodcutter with his elderly mother in a modest shack in the middle of the forest. However, his kind heart and fear of heavy responsibility result in him giving his less honourable brother far too much leeway. By chance, he saves Goodfellow, who offers as a reward to Sindo the opportunity to marry a beautiful faerie. Sindo initially takes up Goodfellow's offer and steals Oran's gown, but finds himself unable to do such a dishonourable task and tries to return the dress when Oran catches him. However, the interference of his brother prevents him from doing so; Sindo winds up taking care of and marrying Oran when she loses her memory and becomes attached to him. He adopts Pain as his own son; though he cares deeply about his family, he fears becoming too attached to them as he is aware his unearthly wife and her son may someday leave him. However, when Seraphina and Sino switch the bodies of the brothers, Sindo is forced to take on the responsibilities as the provincial lord. He does the job well (to which Sino's aides are shocked and relieved with "Sino" finally working responsibly) and willingly gives up his own happiness with Oran until she attempts suicide. They are reunited briefly when he saves her, but in an ensuing fight with Sino, their bodies are restored and Oran regains her memories. In his final attempt to keep his family together before Oran returns to Avalon with their children, she offers him an ultimatum: he must kill his brother. Speculation hints that he is the human being kept at the Gwimun Mountains (Volume 8). Shindo's fate is further told in volume 19. Sino Sindo's half brother, on the side of their father; unlike his brother, Sino is handsome, but has questionable morals and is self-centered. He is lord of a province in ancient Korea, but is lecherous and selfish. Though Sindo was originally supposed to be the lord, he surrendered the position to Sino from fear of responsibility. Sino is Pain's biological father, which resulted from raping Oran, and fathered Fanta when he switched bodies with Sindo. He is affectionate towards Fanta and Pain, who despite his prodigious abilities is unaware of the body switch. Oran, realizing that Sindo was not as he appeared, becomes erratic before her son and daughter and eventually leaves him and reunites with Sindo. After his and Sindo's bodies are restored, he returns to his libertine life as provincial lord. His ultimate fate is outlined in volume 19. Yusin Min The only girl/evil-affinity who continued to have tender feelings for Ryang after Fanta purified the affinity. Introduced in volume 6. Author You Hyun had intended Yusin to be a one-time character, but later decided to bring her back. Starting in volume 16, Yusin is the current damsel-in-distress and the current object of Yuri Kim's jealousy and hatred.

### Other faeries/magical beings

Goodfellow (천록, *Chunrok*) The messenger of the King of Avalon, as well as one of Heaven's Beasts, magical creatures that are half-animal, half-faerie in form. Goodfellow has the horns, ears, tail, and coloring of a deer, and can also turn into a real deer at will. Although he is nowhere near as skilled or powerful as Fanta in terms of magical power, he does have the ability to cast illusions, jump incredibly high, and ascend to Avalon. Whenever Goodfellow appears, trouble is sure to follow. His greatest joy in life, however, is stealing bras and peeping at naked women, whether faerie or human in various states of undress, especially in the bath. He was also the one responsible for Ryang and Fanta's meeting. Ryang helped him escape the police, and he rewarded Ryang by taking him to the local bath house to peep at three faeries bathing. Chunrok is a substitute for the deer in the original Korean folktale that was saved by the woodcutter. Medea (미란다, *Miranda*) Beautiful and ambitious, Medea's sole goal in life is to become Queen of Avalon by marrying the current king. Unfortunately for Medea, the only faerie he is interested in is her rival Fanta, whom he has preferred since her arrival and has promised to marry, even when Fanta refused him. Medea's petty rivalry is one-sided as Fanta often fails to notice Medea's attempts to better her. Medea is unintelligent and weak-minded, a fact many of the characters comment on, and she is much weaker than Fanta, who is only half-faerie compared to Medea. She is vain and proud, though the only good quality she has is her beauty. Unlike from her gifted brother, she scarcely has any magical powers. She greatly admires Fanta's mother Oran, a very skilled and powerful faerie. Medea comes to earth with a plot to set up Fanta to kill or injure a human, which would forever bar Fanta from Avalon. She anoints Ryang with eye drops that will create up to 108 evil affinities with each girl he makes eye contact with, but her plan backfires when her gown is also torn by Ryang and she is miserably forced to stay on earth. For breaking the rules, the Prime Minister of Avalon (her brother Charon) exiles her, though the Chief Inspector (Fanta's brother Pain) offers parole if Medea helps Fanta deal with Ryang's evil affinities. Medea's recent plotting with rebels against the King of Avalon will probably end this deal. Though she and Charon do not seem to always get along, they care about each great deal; Charon comforted her when she failed an exam miserably, partly from the pressure of having a brilliant faerie like Charon as a brother and the Prime Minister as her father, while Medea becomes visibly upset when Charon mysteriously disappears and agrees to help Pain find her brother and investigate the King of Avalon. Lady Oran/Oreadia (오란, *Oran*) Fanta and Pain's mother, an extremely powerful faerie even after a liaison with a human man and the previous Faerie of Affinity. Oran was originally a candidate to be Queen of Avalon, but a jealous rival named Seraphina tricked her when the two of them went to earth to bathe. Oran was left on earth with a torn gown and married a human man after she was raped and lost her memory. Though having three children would have trapped her on earth forever, Oran got her gown back in a moment of desperation to stop Sindo (in Sino's body) from being killed by Sino (in Sindo's body). Regaining her gown also brought back her memory and she was eventually found by the King and Syndra. Oran was allowed to return to Avalon, provided that she kill no humans, despite her hatred, and that Pain and Fanta must be taken back with her to heaven. Though Oran expresses a desire to rid herself of her children, she is unable to kill them because she had developed human compassion and found that, at some degree, she did love them. Bitter with her fall from the graces of the higher echelon, Oran took a new name, Oreadia, and grew to resent her children, who were a constant reminder of her relations with a human. She appears to have her own agenda concerning Fanta, who can drain her mother's own power when she is fully awakened as a faerie, in opposition to the King's own plan. In volume 18, it is revealed that she has taken revenge on faerie Seraphina, who is responsible for disgracing Oran, using Fanta's powers to absorb outer energy and change them into her own power. Oran cunningly implants fear and discomfort in Fanta towards Seraphina when Fanta is only a child, then persuades Seraphina to teach Fanta about faerie magic. During the lesson, Fanta feels threatened by Seraphina and she unconsciously attacks her, knocking her out. Oran steals the body of another faerie (Seraphina's best friend and minion, Melinda) and visits injured Seraphina. She casts a curse there that sends Seraphina to human world - she is to live perfectly ordinary human life until her fifteenth birthday, when all her memories as faeries come back to her. This is when she made a contract with Sanjae (King of Avalon) that if he overlooks this revenge and claims Oran not guilty of Seraphina's banishment, she will serve as a source of Fanta's powers - which means that every time Fanta unlocks the seal that prevents her from absorbing outer forces, all energy she draws will be drawn from Oran. In volume 19, Oran dies in front of Fanta as Fanta unknowingly unlocks her seal to help her mother. Oreadia is the name that Lady Oran gives herself after returning to Avalon and believing herself unworthy of the title of "Lady". Her power is drained by Lady Samsin, which reduced her dress to a simpler and duller form and reveals her life can be blown out like a candle. Pain (파인, *Pa-in*) Fanta's older homosexual brother, and is a half-faerie like her. He shows extremely discriminative attitude towards all females except his sister, presumably because he had traumatic childhood relationship with his cold and distant mother. This also is implied to be the reason his romantic interests lie within males. He and his sister are close, even if they do argue sometimes like most siblings. Pain is the one who enchanted Ryang's skateboard (after hitting on him) so he could fight the evil affinities along with Fanta. Pain's best friend is Charon, the Prime Minister of Avalon and Medea's brother. Although the full extent of Pain's power is unknown, the fact that he has attained the position of Royal Inspector, a job which requires both power and precision, as well as being the only character seen so far that is able to hold off evil affinities. Like Fanta, he is much more powerful than the other inhabitants realize; as a child, he was able to detect Seraphina's spells when Charon and others could not. Pain also possesses powers to trace magical energy back to the original performer of magic. Unlike Fanta, he can recall his father, but chooses not to tell Fanta of their father to protect her. It is revealed that Fanta's memories were erased once she arrived in Avalon, but Oran ensured that she and Pain would not. He and his mother do not get along and merely tolerate one another, though Oran admits to Fanta that she favors Pain over Fanta because her happiest memories in the human world were before Fanta was born, when Pain was growing up. While Pain strongly dislikes his mother-he refuses to call her 'mother', and it is he who gathered up evidence against Oran's crimes- he has some warm emotions towards her in truth. When Sangjae asks Pain to permit killing of Oran to save the faery world, Pain refuses. Pain was most likely named after a popular Oran-C soft drink flavor, Pine-flavor. The King (상제, *Sang-jae*) He is the almighty ruler of Avalon. He is never referred to as anything but his Highness, the king, etc.. so it can be supposed that he doesn't have a name, just his royal title. The King has varying character traits; he can be annoying and comic at one moment then change to cunning and serious the next. He seems to have a pique interest in Fanta though it has not been fully disclosed as to what interests him so. In the later volumes it shows him plotting to acquire a new body with Samsin; the Goddess of Birth in Avalon. Because the King must marry and reincarnate in the form of his son, his queen must be both powerful and beautiful, yet not ambitiously vying to become queen. The King originally had chosen Fanta's mother, Oran, but after her rival tricked her into marrying a human, Oran was no longer eligible. The King no longer wished to marry (since no faerie was as qualified as Oran) until he met Fanta, who he deemed worthy because she was of Oran's blood. He has a youthful and somewhat 'girly' appearance (because of his long hair) which causes no end of teasing from Ryang when he visits earth in vol 5 to get the Scroll of Divination back from Bast. Now his only real concern is getting a new body, but Lady Samsin knows what he wants is impossible and should just get married. He is continuously losing his powers as an entire generation was delayed when Oran became incapable of marrying him. The king abducts Charon, who realized his plan to acquire a new body, and changes him into a form of a nine-tailed fox. He then holds a hunting competition for catching Charon in his fox form, then soon loses conscience as he has not married and reincarnated for too long. Charon (천상, *Chun-sang*) Medea's older brother and the Prime Minister of Avalon. He is fairly serious and is constantly frustrated by the King of Heaven always giving him the slip. Charon always does things by the book and is extremely perceptive, despite the fact that his king always manages to sneak away undetected until it is too late. Charon is deeply concerned with the King's recent activities, especially as the King still has not chosen a queen and worries the King may die before this occurs. His recent investigations concerning the King's actions have had unfortunate consequences. Though he is rendered either apparently dead or unconscious by the King, Charon ended up taking the form of a nine-tailed fox and will be hunted by Samsin in order to further ease the King's plan with Samsin. When he is freed from the spell, he moves to confront the king. Bast (묘향, *Myo-hyang*) In the English version, Bast is a cat 'Goddess' who was rejected after rumor was spread that she was an evil monster. In the original, she is just a monsterish half-breed named Myohyang; discarded by family because of what she was. She plays a key role in the story as one of the main 'bad guys'. She teams up with Yuri (Ryang's psycho-ex) to plot to take down Fanta and Ryang, though she comments to Yuri at one point that she somewhat likes Fanta, but has to do what her 'mastuh' wants done. Her 'mastuh' is in fact Lady Oran/Oreadia. When Ryang and Fanta time travel to the past they meet her as a 'kitten' and Fanta takes it upon herself to protect her because of Bast's cuteness and helplessness. Young Bast loves Sindo (Oran's husband), but dislikes his son Pain. The last we see of the early Bast is that Sindo has mindlessly slashed her with a knife Oran intended be used on Sindo's despicable brother Sino. It is unknown how she arrived in Avalon and entered Oreadia's service, though there may be a few clues, and deductions in the first chapters of vol. 15. Her memories have apparently been altered, given that she fails to recognize Sindo's name when Fanta asks her and tells Fanta that she has always served Oreadia. Seraphina (예영, *Yeyoung*) Once a devoted and bright faerie, she questioned the King as to why a faerie like herself was not permitted to visit him as often and freely as Oran. The King responds by saying that she and Oran are different by birth, and faery as lowly as Seraphina can not possibly compare herself with Oran. This left Seraphina jealous and determine to best Oran, no matter what it took, and constantly strove towards what ever goal Oran was headed to. She tricks Oran into staying on Earth by ordering Goodfellow to lead Sindo to the bathing spring, then altering the barrier that was supposed to hide them from humans so that Oran's gown was exposed for stealing. Seraphina uses the opportunity to achieve her ambitions and become the Queen of Avalon. Unfortunately, she is rejected again and again by the King, who constantly reminds Seraphina that no matter how hard she works, even after she becomes a first class faerie, she will never compare to Oran because Seraphina simply tries too hard to be something Oran comes by naturally. When Pain and Fanta arrive in Avalon, Seraphina appears again to eliminate Pain only to find that he is powerful enough to detect her spells with ease. Oreadia eventually masterminds Seraphina's downfall by using Fanta, Pain, and Syndra; Seraphina is punished for her attempt to get rid of Oreadia and reborn as a human on earth who would remember her heavenly origins only when she turned fifteen. Syndra (수마, *Soma*) One of Oran's companions, who was involved with the prank that left Oran stranded on Earth. In the end, Syndra is Oran's truest friend because she is the only one who never gave up on finding Oran and trying to help her return to Avalon. Syndra is allowed to descend to Earth at an inappropriate time (faeries can descend and ascend at the full moon) with the King to find Oran at the price of being forced to be reborn as a spirit force of gold and then confined for all eternity, as Gabija, Nyrckes, and Neptune once were. Her sacrifice apparently will come into play as Oreadia initiates her unknown plan. Syndra is most likely the evil force to be awoken by nourishing on Yuri, as she is seen thinking about thanking her host for her revival. Lady Samsin The oldest faerie in Avalon and the Goddess of Birth. The King conspires with her in order to gain a new body, though little is known as to how the King intends to do so. She is extremely powerful and still appears beautiful, despite her age.

## Further reading

* "Faeries' Landing: Vol. 1". *Publishers Weekly*.

## InfoBox

| *Faeries' Landing* | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover of the Tokyopop edition of *Faeries' Landing* vol. 1 (2004), art by You Hyun | |
| 선녀강림<br>*Seonnyeo Ganglim* | |
| Genre |  |
| Author | You Hyun (유현) |
| Publisher | Daiwon C.I. |
| English publisher | Madman Entertainment<br>Tokyopop |
| ---  Other publishers | |
| Original run | 1998 – Present |
| Volumes | 23 |


title: Fanny Knight

abstract: Frances Catherine Austen Knight, Lady Knatchbull, later Lady Knatchbull was the eldest niece and correspondent of the novelist Jane Austen. Her recollections, in the form of letters and diaries, have been an important source for students of her aunt's life and work.

text:
# Fanny Knight

**Frances Catherine Austen Knight, Lady Knatchbull** (23 January 1793  24 December 1882), later Lady Knatchbull was the eldest niece and correspondent of the novelist Jane Austen. Her recollections, in the form of letters and diaries, have been an important source for students of her aunt's life and work.

## Early life

Fanny Knight was the daughter of Edward Austen Knight, Jane Austen's brother, and his wife, the former Elizabeth Bridges. Edward had been adopted by the wealthy but childless Knight family, and inherited their property of Godmersham Park. Fanny was the eldest of Edward and Elizabeth's eleven children. As a child, one of her governesses was Anne Sharp, whom she introduced to Jane Austen, resulting in a long correspondence between the two, even after Sharp left the household. Elizabeth died when Fanny was fifteen years old, and the bond between Jane and Fanny became stronger.

She came close to marrying the strait-laced Christian John Plumptre, whom she ultimately rejected partly on advice from her aunt Jane, who told her only to prolong the relationship if she was sure she loved him. When Jane Austen died in 1817, a lock of her hair was sent to Fanny.

## Marriage and later life

At the age of 27, Fanny Knight married Sir Edward Knatchbull, a baronet, widowed with six children from his first marriage. He was twelve years older than her; besides his title, he was a recently elected MP and the owner of the Mersham Hatch estate in Kent.

In January 1825, four years after her marriage, Fanny gave birth to a daughter, whom she named Frances (Fanny) Elizabeth. This was the first of nine children born to the couple. Other children included:

Later, Fanny's brother, Edward Austen Knight, junior, eloped with one of the daughters of Sir Edward Knatchbull's first marriage, Mary Dorothea. The marriage was considered inappropriate, and resulted in an estrangement between the Knight and Knatchbull families.

Sir Edward died in 1849, and the baronetcy passed to Norton Knatchbull, a son from his first marriage. Following his death, Lady Knatchbull lived at Provender House in Faversham, Kent, a property her husband had inherited from his mother. As she aged, she began to suffer from memory loss and was unable to find documents she had inherited, including some of Jane Austen's letters to her sister Cassandra, who had died in 1845. Following her death, her son, Edward Knatchbull-Hugessen, 1st Baron Brabourne, discovered a collection of letters from Jane Austen, which Lady Knatchbull had kept at home, and these were published as *Letters from Jane Austen* in 1884.

## Fictional portrayals

*Miss Austen Regrets* (2007), a television dramatisation of parts of Jane Austen's life, starring Olivia Williams, was based on Austen's correspondence. Fanny Knight is played by Imogen Poots.

The younger Fanny Knight is a major character in Gill Hornby's 2022 novel *Godmersham Park*.


title: Fanny Langdon

abstract: Fanny Elizabeth Langdon was an American zoologist known for her work with invertebrate sensory organs and nervous systems. Langdon was born in Plymouth, New Hampshire and attended a normal school, teaching for three years in New Hampshire before pursuing undergraduate studies in zoology and botany at the University of Michigan in 1891. She earned her bachelor's degree in 1896 and her master's degree in 1897. After earning her degrees, she became an instructor in botany and zoology at the University of Michigan, and researched at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts in 1897. Langdon died after appendicitis surgery.

text:
# Fanny Langdon

**Fanny Elizabeth Langdon** (15 July 1864 – 21 October 1899) was an American zoologist known for her work with invertebrate sensory organs and nervous systems. Langdon was born in Plymouth, New Hampshire and attended a normal school, teaching for three years in New Hampshire before pursuing undergraduate studies in zoology and botany at the University of Michigan in 1891. She earned her bachelor's degree in 1896 and her master's degree in 1897. After earning her degrees, she became an instructor in botany and zoology at the University of Michigan, and researched at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts in 1897. Langdon died after appendicitis surgery.


title: Fall in Love Like a Comic!

abstract: Fall in Love Like a Comic! is a shōjo manga by Chitose Yagami. It was serialized in a magazine, published by Shogakukan in Japan. The series has been in North America by Viz Media and was released on October 2, 2007. The sequel, Zoku Manga Mitaina Koi Shitai! (続まんがみたいな恋したいっ!), was shown on October 1, 2004, also published by Shogakukan, and it was released in English under the title Fall in Love Like a Comic! vol. 2 on January 1, 2008, again by Viz Media. The chapters in Zoku Manga Mitaina Koi Shitai were stand alone one-shots involving the characters from Manga Mitaina Koi Shitai and were serialized at irregular intervals in the manga magazines Chuchu and Ciao. A preview of the first chapter was included in the September 2007 issue of Shojo Beat magazine.

text:
# Fall in Love Like a Comic!

***Fall in Love Like a Comic!*** (まんがみたいな恋したいっ!, *Manga Mitaina Koishitai!*) is a shōjo manga by Chitose Yagami. It was serialized in  magazine, published by Shogakukan in Japan. The series has been in North America by Viz Media and was released on October 2, 2007. The sequel, *Zoku Manga Mitaina Koi Shitai!* (続まんがみたいな恋したいっ!), was shown on October 1, 2004, also published by Shogakukan, and it was released in English under the title *Fall in Love Like a Comic!* vol. 2 on January 1, 2008, again by Viz Media.

The chapters in *Zoku Manga Mitaina Koi Shitai* (released in English under the title *Fall in Love Like a Comic!* vol. 2) were stand alone one-shots involving the characters from *Manga Mitaina Koi Shitai* and were serialized at irregular intervals in the manga magazines *Chuchu* and *Ciao*.

A preview of the first chapter was included in the September 2007 issue of *Shojo Beat* magazine.

## Plot

The story centers around the relationship between Rena and Tomoya. Rena is a high school student and also a popular manga artist. While drawing love scenes, she bumps into the popular boy Tomoya. She quickly runs away from him but forgets her draft in the process. But when her publisher mentions that she doesn't put enough feeling into her works, she decides that she wants to improve her manga artist career by getting some hands-on experience in love. She goes back to find her work and discovers that Tomoya now knows she is a manga artist. While there, she asks him to become her boyfriend to help her with her manga. Tomoya agrees and a few days later a jealous girl tries to hurt Rena when Tomoya takes her out for a date. He rescues her and takes her to his house. Later on, Rena sees him with another girl and thinks Tomoya doesn't want to be her boyfriend anymore, not realizing that the girl is his older sister. She starts avoiding him and soon Tomoya is becoming annoyed. A few days later he demands to know what happened. She then publicly professes her love to him. A few weeks after that, one of Rena's manga has the opportunity to be a drama on television. Her manager asks Rena to ask Tomoya about being an actor in the movie. He agrees to have a look, and ends up securing the role. In the middle of the filming, Rena becomes upset that Tomoya is being intimate with another girl, even though it's only acting. Tomoya assures her that he will never leave her.

A few months later, Rena and Tomoya go on a trip together. Rena starts pressuring Tomoya about sex, but Tomoya refuses her pleads rather coldly. Later he goes to her room and assures her that he will have sex with her one day in the future. After a few weeks, Rena tries calling Tomoya, only to hear a girl on the phone saying she is going to take a shower with Tomoya. Worried, Rena rushes over to Tomoya's house. There she meets Shiori, a relative of Tomoya. Shiori says that she will marry Tomoya in the future, which makes Rena extremely jealous. When Rena brings up the subject of Tomoya and her next date, Tomoya agrees to Shiori's pleading to come along. Rena objects to this loudly and then runs home. The next day Tomoya and Rena go on their date as planned, but Shiori cries when she is ignored. When Tomoya tries to calm her down, Shiori's father arrives and invites Shiori to go home with him. After some persuading from Tomoya, Shiori leaves with her father. A few days after that incident, Rena's parents get her a tutor who turns out to be Tomoya's ex-girlfriend. Rena soon becomes jealous and when Tomoya tries to calm her down, she shoves him away and runs off. Later Tomoya visits her and brings her to a chapel where he proposes to her. Rena says yes and they get married in the chapel, bringing the story to an end. There is also a chapter featuring them as adults with children.

## Characters

Rena Sakura The main protagonist of the story. She has a secret that she is a professional manga artist who draws shōjo manga. After an accident at school, Tomoya finds out her secret, and remembering some advice from her editor, she asked him for a date so that she could learn more and improve her work. However, throughout the series, she is easily embarrassed by having any contact with boys (especially Tomoya) and often turns either extremely red or melts into goo. Later on, she falls in love with Tomoya although she questions their relationship. She becomes jealous when Tomoya shoots a kissing scene with an actress (who is also a fan of Rena's works). Rena is very shy toward boys but enjoys the help. In the future, Rena marries Tomoya and they have a son named Hiroki. Tomoya Okita Rena's boyfriend and the one she shared her first kiss with. He is extremely popular at school with the girls, and even though many have asked him out, his reply was always no. It is hinted that his older sister, who is a famous manga artist, influenced his personality. When Rena asked him why he didn't have a girlfriend, this was his reply: "I'm only going to date someone I'm interested in." The truth was that he was talking about Rena. Tomoya became mad when Rena told him that he seems to be a main hero of a shōjo manga because he wants her to see him as a real person. He also confesses his love to Rena. In the future, Tomoya marries Rena and they have a son named Hiroki.

**Yun**

Rena's closest friend who knows about her secret and supports her. She usually pushes Rena and is supportive of Rena's relationship with Tomoya. Yun always cares for Rena and has her best interest in mind, often offering Rena advice when needed. In the future, Yun marries Sunahara and they have a daughter named Sana. Sunahara Sunhara is one of Tomoya's friends. He is calm and does not talk a lot in the manga. In the future, Sunahara marries Yun and they have a daughter named Sana. Yamase A childhood friend of Tomoya who is the reason why Rena ran accidentally into Tomoya. He usually questions the relationship between Rena and Tomoya. At their school, he is actually the second most popular boy after Tomoya. In the future chapter, Yamase is working at a kindergarten, which Hiroki and Sana attend.

## Media

### Volume listing

| No. | Original release date | Original ISBN | English release date | English ISBN |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | December 19, 2002 | 978-4091381521 | October 2, 2007 | 1-4215-1373-0 |
| * Chapter 1 * Chapter 2 * Chapter 3 * In Love Like a Comic * Tomoya Okita: A Boy Like in Comics! * Bonus Story: Magical Project | | | | |
| 2 | October 1, 2004 | 978-4091381576 | January 1, 2008 | 1-4215-1374-9 |
| * Heartthrob Vacation * A Small Crush * Happy Ending * One More Fall in Love Like a Comic: Hiroki's Secret * Bonus Story: Nana and Mickey's Heart-Racing Manga Lesson * Bonus Story: Bewildered Princess | | | | |

## Reception

Jason Thompson, writing for the appendix to *Manga: The Complete Guide*, praised the lead character for being "one of the all-too-few really eager careerwomen in shojo manga for this age group".

## InfoBox

| Fall in Love Like a Comic! | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover of the first manga volume | |
| まんがみたいな恋したいっ!<br>(*Manga Mitaina Koishitai!*) | |
| Genre | Romantic comedy |
| Manga | |
| Written by | Chitose Yagami |
| Published by | Shogakukan |
| English publisher |  |
| Magazine | *Ciao* |
| Demographic | *Shōjo* |
| Original run | August 2002October 2002 |
| Volumes | 2 |
| Manga | |
| *Zoku Manga Mitaina Koi Shitai!* | |
| Written by | Chitose Yagami |
| Published by | Shogakukan |
| English publisher |  |
| Magazine | *Chuchu, Ciao* |
| Demographic | *Shōjo* |
| Original run | 20032004 |
| Volumes | 1 |


title: Farmhaven, Madison County, Mississippi

abstract: Farmhaven is an unincorporated community located in Madison County, Mississippi. Farmhaven is approximately 13 miles (21 km) east of Sharon and approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) west of Carthage on Pat Luckett Road situated between Mississippi Highway 16 and the Natchez Trace Parkway. Farmhaven is located within the Jackson Metropolitan Statistical Area.

text:
# Farmhaven, Madison County, Mississippi

**Farmhaven** is an unincorporated community located in Madison County, Mississippi. Farmhaven is approximately 13 miles (21 km) east of Sharon and approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) west of Carthage on Pat Luckett Road situated between Mississippi Highway 16 and the Natchez Trace Parkway.

Farmhaven is located within the Jackson Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Farmhaven, Mississippi | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| FarmhavenFarmhaven | |
| Coordinates: 32°38′51″N 89°48′38″W / 32.64750°N 89.81056°W / 32.64750; -89.81056 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Mississippi |
| County | Madison |
| Elevation | 374 ft (114 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 39046 |
| Area code | 601 |
| GNIS feature ID | 669914 |


title: Farmhouse (album)

abstract: Farmhouse is the ninth studio album by the American rock band Phish. The album was released on May 16, 2000, by Elektra Records. Farmhouse was the last Phish studio album before their two-year hiatus between October 2000 and December 2002. The album's first single, "Heavy Things", was one of Phish's most successful radio hits; it was the band's only song to appear on a mainstream pop radio format, reaching #29 on Billboard's Adult Top 40 chart that July. The song also became the band's biggest hit to date on the Adult Alternative Songs chart, reaching #2 there. The song had previously been performed for live broadcast during the overnight set of Phish's New Year's Eve 2000 show at Big Cypress as part of ABC's coverage of New Year's festivities around the globe. Owing in part to the mainstream exposure of "Heavy Things", Farmhouse had the highest-ever first week sales for a Phish record. The album was certified gold by RIAA on January 30, 2006.

text:
# Farmhouse (album)

***Farmhouse*** is the ninth studio album by the American rock band Phish. The album was released on May 16, 2000, by Elektra Records. *Farmhouse* was the last Phish studio album before their two-year hiatus between October 2000 and December 2002.

The album's first single, "Heavy Things", was one of Phish's most successful radio hits; it was the band's only song to appear on a mainstream pop radio format, reaching #29 on *Billboard'*s Adult Top 40 chart that July. The song also became the band's biggest hit to date on the Adult Alternative Songs chart, reaching #2 there. The song had previously been performed for live broadcast during the overnight set of Phish's New Year's Eve 2000 show at Big Cypress as part of ABC's coverage of New Year's festivities around the globe.

Owing in part to the mainstream exposure of "Heavy Things", *Farmhouse* had the highest-ever first week sales for a Phish record. The album was certified gold by RIAA on January 30, 2006.

## Production

Songwriting for *Farmhouse* was a joint effort between Trey Anastasio and Phish lyricist Tom Marshall, with contributions from Tony Markellis, Russ Lawton and Scott Herman. All of the songs were already part of Phish's live concert song rotation before being recorded for the album, some dating back to 1997. The tracks were recorded at The Barn, frontman Trey Anastasio's studio in Chittenden County, Vermont. The introduction to "Piper" is an extract from the band's live performance of the song on July 18, 1999, at their Camp Oswego Festival in Volney, New York. There is also a Japanese version of the album available as an import which include two bonus studio out-take tracks from the Farmhouse recording sessions which are "Driver" and "Mist" (sometimes referred to as "Mountains in the Mist"). These two songs are currently not available in any format online by Phish although as of December 2018 it can be purchased in its original CD format on Amazon.com and possibly elsewhere for about twice the price of the standard version of the album.

Early incarnations of several tracks from the album can be heard on the 2000 release *Trampled by Lambs and Pecked by the Dove*, a collection of song sketches and demos recorded by Anastasio and Marshall.

The song "First Tube" was nominated for a Grammy for Best Rock Instrumental Performance.

In February 2009, the album was made available as a download in FLAC and MP3 formats at LivePhish.com.

A new 2-LP vinyl version of the album was announced on May 31, 2023, for an official release on June 30, 2023, sourced from the original 1/2" master reels. The original version of the record on vinyl was on one single LP, sourced from digital.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Encyclopedia of Popular Music* |  |
| *Jambands: The Complete Guide to the Players, Music, & Scene* |  |
| *Entertainment Weekly* | B / B+ |
| *Los Angeles Times* |  |
|  |  |
| *Rolling Stone* |  |
| *The Rolling Stone Album Guide* |  |
| *Spin* | 7/10 |
| *The Village Voice* | B− |

*Farmhouse* received mainly positive reviews. Jason Ankeny of AllMusic praised the album as Phish's "rootsiest and most organic effort to date... \[and\] also their most fully developed – these are complete, concise songs and not simply outlines for extended jams, boasting a beauty and intimacy which expands the group's scope even as it serves notice of a newfound pop accessibility."

*Rolling Stone*'s Jon Pareles, however, gave *Farmhouse* a mediocre rating of only 2.5 stars. The review states that on the album the band walks "a thin line between mellow and torpid" with songs that "are going to need a lot of live (concert) resuscitation".

## Track listing

*Farmhouse*
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Farmhouse" | Trey Anastasio, Tom Marshall | 4:02 |
| 2. | "Twist" | Anastasio, Marshall | 3:24 |
| 3. | "Bug" | Anastasio, Marshall | 5:07 |
| 4. | "Back on the Train" | Anastasio, Marshall | 3:02 |
| 5. | "Heavy Things" | Anastasio, Scott Herman, Marshall | 4:15 |
| 6. | "Gotta Jibboo" | Anastasio, Russ Lawton, Tony Markellis | 5:31 |
| 7. | "Dirt" | Anastasio, Herman, Marshall | 4:32 |
| 8. | "Piper" | Anastasio, Marshall | 4:27 |
| 9. | "Sleep" | Anastasio, Marshall | 2:09 |
| 10. | "The Inlaw Josie Wales" | Anastasio | 2:56 |
| 11. | "Sand" | Anastasio, Lawton, Markellis, Marshall | 3:24 |
| 12. | "First Tube" | Anastasio, Lawton, Markellis | 6:45 |
| Total length: | | | 49:34 |

## Charting singles

2000, Heavy Things (No. 22, Adult Top 40)

## Personnel

**Phish**

**Additional musicians**

* Jerry Douglas – dobro on "The Inlaw Josie Wales"
* John Dunlop – cello on "Dirt"
* Roy Feldman – viola on "Dirt"
* Béla Fleck – banjo on "The Inlaw Josie Wales"
* Dave Grippo – saxophone on "Gotta Jibboo"
* David Gusakov – violin on "Dirt"
* Jennifer Hartswick – trumpet on "Gotta Jibboo"
* James Harvey – trombone on "Gotta Jibboo"
* Laura Markowitz – violin on "Dirt"
* Andy Moroz – trombone on "Gotta Jibboo"

## InfoBox

| Farmhouse | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Phish | |
| Released | May 16, 2000 |
| Recorded | * July 18, 1999 ("Piper") * October 1999 – February 2000 |
| Studio |  |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 49:34 |
| Label | Elektra |
| Producer | Bryce Goggin, Trey Anastasio |
| Phish chronology | |
| *The Siket Disc*
(1999) ***Farmhouse***
(2000) *Round Room*
(2002) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Farmhouse* | |
| 1. "Heavy Things"
Released: 2000 | |
|  | |


title: Fair Warning (band)

abstract: Fair Warning is a German hard rock band founded in 1991 by former V2 vocalist Tommy Heart and former Zeno bassist Ule W. Ritgen. The band was rounded out by guitarists Helge Engelke, Andy Malecek and drummer Jurgen "C.C." Behrens. On 28 April 2023, Helge Engelke died at the age of 61, from colon cancer.

text:
# Fair Warning (band)

**Fair Warning** is a German hard rock band founded in 1991 by former V2 vocalist Tommy Heart and former Zeno bassist Ule W. Ritgen. The band was rounded out by guitarists Helge Engelke, Andy Malecek and drummer Jurgen "C.C." Behrens.

On 28 April 2023, Helge Engelke died at the age of 61, from colon cancer.

## Discography

### Studio albums

### Live albums

* *Live in Japan* (1993)
* *Live at Home* (1995)
* *Live and More* (1998)
* *Talking Ain’t Enough – Fair Warning Live in Tokyo* (3 CD, 2 DVD) (2010)
* *Two Nights to Remember* (2019)

### Compilation albums

* *Early Warnings 92–95* (1997)
* *A Decade of Fair Warning* (2001)
* *Best and More* (2012)

### Extended plays

* *In the Ghetto* (1993)
* *Burning Heart* (1995)
* *Angels of Heaven* (1996)
* *Save Me* (1997)
* *Heart on the Run* (2000)
* *Still I Believe* (2000)
* *Don't Keep Me Waiting* (2006)

### with Kee of Hearts