title: Poor Georgie

abstract: "Poor Georgie" is the second single from hip-hop artist MC Lyte's third album Act Like You Know (1991). The song was produced by Ivan 'Doc' Rodriguez, and released on December 12, 1991. The song seeks to convey an anti-addiction message, through the story of George and the dysfunctional relationship MC Lyte has with this individual with self-destructive behaviors. It features a sample of "Georgy Porgy" by rock band Toto. "Poor Georgie" become Lyte's first appearance on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at No. 83 in March 1992. It also reached No. 11 on the Billboard Hot R&B Singles chart, and became her second chart topping single on the Hot Rap Singles chart. The accompanying music video featured an appearance by a then 16-year-old Lauryn Hill.

text:
# Poor Georgie

"**Poor Georgie**" is the second single from hip-hop artist MC Lyte's third album *Act Like You Know* (1991). The song was produced by Ivan 'Doc' Rodriguez, and released on December 12, 1991. The song seeks to convey an anti-addiction message, through the story of George and the dysfunctional relationship MC Lyte has with this individual with self-destructive behaviors. It features a sample of "Georgy Porgy" by rock band Toto.

"Poor Georgie" become Lyte's first appearance on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at No. 83 in March 1992. It also reached No. 11 on the Billboard Hot R&B Singles chart, and became her second chart topping single on the Hot Rap Singles chart. The accompanying music video featured an appearance by a then 16-year-old Lauryn Hill.

## Conception and composition

During an interview with Vibe in 2011 Lyte stated on the composition of the song:

> “‘Poor Georgie’ was straight up storytelling. I just put every possible bad thing that could happen to someone in one song \[laughs\]. That was in itself humorous. With that song, I just wanted to paint a picture and have it hit people on all fronts. So if you don’t drink, well what about if you smoke? You don’t smoke, what about if you drink? This is what you stand to face if you do harmful things to your body.”

During another interview in 2013 she says:

> “So there are times with songs like “Poor Georgie” that when I heard it, it made me feel like oh my god this is a story about a man who has some deep problems and deep issues(...) To a large degree I knew I needed to talk about drugs and the effect it had on people. In Brooklyn there were weed smokers, dope dealers and people dying. In Harlem, where I would spend my weekends, there was heroin and you’d see people nodding out in the middle of the damn street. You would see people with holes in their arms or their legs because they couldn’t find anymore veins to put something into. In Queens there was crack and in Harlem as well. I just knew my mission would be to try to educate my generation about the usage of drugs, selling it or being the drug dealer’s girlfriend and you wind up shot or in jail because of it. So I did make a conscious effort of that at a very young age.”

The song was produced by Ivan 'Doc' Rodríguez, who had previously worked remixed other songs by MC Lyte, including Cappucino.

The music video for "Poor Georgie" was released in September 1991 and features an appearance by 16-year-old Lauryn Hill.

### Samples

The song contains multi-element samples from Toto's "Georgy Porgy", vocals from The Supremes' "My World Is Empty Without You", Michael Jackson's "I Wanna Be Where You Are", Jimmy Spicer's "The Bubble Bunch" hook. The song also samples the drums from Eric B. & Rakim's "Eric B. Is President". Additionally, MC Lyte interpolates "Just Be Good to Me" from the S.O.S. Band, from the second verse (*"I don't care about the other girls, just be good to me!"*).

## Appearances

"Poor Georgie" was included the compilation albums The Very Best of MC Lyte (2001), *The Shit I Never Dropped* (2003), *Rhyme Masters* (2005), *Rhino Hi-Five: MC Lyte* (2007), and *Cold Rock a Party - Best Of MC Lyte* (2019).

In February 1992, Lyte performed the song on the dance and music show Soul Train. In May 1992, she performed the song on In Living Color.

## Reception and influence

Gil Griffin of *The Washington Post* highlighted the song in the album review, commenting that it "brilliantly incorporates an old Toto sample." In 1999, *Ego Trip*'s editors ranked "Poor Georgie" at No. 22 in their list of Hip Hop's 40 Greatest Singles by Year 1991 in *Ego Trip's Book of Rap Lists*. In April 2015, the song was ranked No. 3 on VH1's list *"The 25 Dopest Female Rap Tracks Of The Last 25 Years"*, noting that "Lyte’s cautionary tale of drunk driving once again proved that you could make folks dance *and* think at the same damn time."

In a conversation about her influences, Grammy-nominated rapper Rapsody mentioned Poor Georgie as "the first song that made me wanna be a part of it."

### Accolades

| Publication | Country | Accolade | Year | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Ego Trip* | U.S. | *Hip Hop's Greatest Singles by Year 1980–1998* | 1999 | 22 |
| *The Boombox* | | *20 Classic Hip-Hop Summer Love Song* | 2018 | 18 |
| *uDiscoverMusic* | | *Best Hip-Hop Love Songs: 25 Tracks For 808s And Soulmates* | 2021 | 23 |
| VH1 | | *The 25 Dopest Female Rap Tracks Of The Last 25 Years* | 2015 | 3 |
| (\*) designates lists which are unordered. | | | | | | |

## Single track listing

### 7" Vinyl

*

#### A-Side

1. "Poor Georgie" (4:10)
    * Music By – DJ Doc

#### B-Side

1. "Search 4 The Lyte" (3:21)
    * Music By – King Of Chill

### 12" Vinyl

#### A-Side

1. "Poor Georgie (LP Version)" (4:30)
2. "Poor Georgie (Instrumental)" (4:30)

#### B-Side

1. "Search 4 The Lyte (LP Version)" (3:21)
2. "Search 4 The Lyte (Instrumental)" (3:21)

### Cassette

#### A-1

1. "Poor Georgie (Edit)" (4:05)

#### A-2

1. "Search 4 The Lyte (LP Version)" (3:21)

## Personnel

Credits are taken from the liner notes.

* Engineer – Ivan "Doc" Rodriguez (tracks: A1, A2), Yorum Vazan (tracks: B1, B2)
* Lyrics By – MC Lyte
* Producer – King Of Chill (tracks: B1, B2)
* Producer, Mixed By – Dee Jay Doc (tracks: A1, A2)

## Charts

| Chart (1991–92) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 83 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (*Billboard*) | 11 |
| US Hot Rap Songs (*Billboard*) | 1 |

## InfoBox

| "Poor Georgie" | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover of the single in cassette format | |
| Single by MC Lyte | |
| from the album  *Act Like You Know* | |
| B-side | "Search 4 The Lyte" |
| Released | December 12, 1991 |
| Genre | Golden age hip hop |
| Length | 4:30 |
| Label | First Priority, Atlantic Records |
| Songwriter(s) | Lana Moorer, Ivan Antonio Rodriguez, David Paich |
| Producer(s) | DJ Doc |
| MC Lyte singles chronology | |
| "When in Love"
(1991) "**Poor Georgie**"
(1991) "Eyes Are the Soul"
(1992) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Poor Georgie" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Pomigliano Airfield

abstract:
Pomigliano Airfield was a military airfield and base established in 1938–39 in Pomigliano d'Arco, southern Italy near Naples. It was attacked on several occasions by the United States Army Air Force. The airfield was later used by the USAAF Twelfth Air Force during the Italian campaign. Major USAAF units stationed at the airfield were:
  - HQ, XXII Tactical Air Command, August-4 October 1945
  - HQ, 57th Bombardment Wing, 23 August-12 September 1945
  - HQ, 62d Fighter Wing, August-12 September 1945
  - 310th Bombardment Group, 15 August–12 September 1945, B-25 Mitchell
  - 321st Bombardment Group, September 1945, B-25 Mitchell
  - 27th Fighter Bomber Group, 19 January 1944 – 10 April 1944
  - 31st Fighter Group, 14 October 1943 – 14 October 1943, Spitfire
  - 79th Fighter Group, 1 May–June 1944
  - 86th Fighter-Bomber Group, 19 November 1943 – 30 April 1944, A-36 Apache
  - 3d Reconnaissance Group, 4 January-16 June 1944
  - 60th Troop Carrier Group, 8 October 1944 – 23 May 1945, C-47 Skytrain After the war the airfield was used for aviation development, and in the late 1960s the new Alfasud automobile factory was built on the site, which obliterated all traces of the airfield.

text:
# Pomigliano Airfield

**Pomigliano Airfield** 40°55′40″N 14°23′20″E / 40.92778°N 14.38889°E / 40.92778; 14.38889 was a military airfield and base established in 1938–39 in Pomigliano d'Arco, southern Italy near Naples. It was attacked on several occasions by the United States Army Air Force. The airfield was later used by the USAAF Twelfth Air Force during the Italian campaign.

Major USAAF units stationed at the airfield were:

After the war the airfield was used for aviation development, and in the late 1960s the new Alfasud automobile factory was built on the site, which obliterated all traces of the airfield.


title: Pomigacze

abstract: Pomigacze is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Turośń Kościelna, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Turośń Kościelna and 11 km (7 mi) south-west of the regional capital Białystok.

text:
# Pomigacze

**Pomigacze** \[pɔmiˈɡat͡ʂɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Turośń Kościelna, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Turośń Kościelna and 11 km (7 mi) south-west of the regional capital Białystok.

## InfoBox

| Pomigacze | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Pomigacze | |
| Pomigacze | |
| Coordinates: 53°2′N 23°5′E / 53.033°N 23.083°E / 53.033; 23.083 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Podlaskie |
| County | Białystok |
| Gmina | Turośń Kościelna |
| Population | 350 |


abstract: The Polytechnic University of San Luis Potosí was created on 27 June 2001 and was the first Polytechnic University of the Subsystem of Polytechnic Universities. Besides the academic programs, the university offers a series of professional certifications, such as: The FCE by University of Cambridge, the MOS certification by Microsoft, and other certifications offered by Cisco Systems, or Sun Microsystems. The campus of the university was built using a Project for Rendering of Services; being the first higher education institution in Mexico created under this modality. Acciona is the company in charge of rendering the services until the year 2027

text:
# Polytechnic University of San Luis Potosí

The **Polytechnic University of San Luis Potosí** (in Spanish: ***Universidad Politécnica de San Luis Potosí, UPSLP***) was created on 27 June 2001 and was the first Polytechnic University of the Subsystem of Polytechnic Universities.

Besides the academic programs, the university offers a series of professional certifications, such as: The FCE by University of Cambridge, the MOS certification by Microsoft, and other certifications offered by Cisco Systems, or Sun Microsystems.

The campus of the university was built using a Project for Rendering of Services (PPS in Spanish); being the first higher education institution in Mexico created under this modality. Acciona is the company in charge of rendering the services until the year 2027

## Academic model

The university is founded on a flexible model that offers student different exit points during their studies. A student can complete a "Professional Associate" degree after two years, a "University Technician" program after three years and a bachelor's degree after four-and-a-half years. The model also offers a tutorial program, for which each student is closely supervised by the faculty.

## Undergraduate programs

Unlike the rest of the universities of the sub-system, the UPSLP offers all its program in nine semesters (4.5 years).

The university offers six programs:

* Information Technology Engineering
* Telematics Engineering
* Manufacturing Technology Engineering
* Systems and Industrial Technology Engineering
* International Marketing
* Administration and Management

## Academic Division

The academic vice-provost is the highest academic position of the university and reports directly to the president/provost of the university. There are three divisions that oversee the academic development of the university:

* Division of Administration and Humanities
* Division of New Technologies
* Division of Manufacturing and Basic Sciences

These three divisions report to the vice-provost and are in charge of the undergraduate programs. In a micro-level, the university is divided into "academies". Each academy is in charge of offering the lectures for the undergraduate program. The academies report to head of division. The academies are

* Mathematics
* Sciences
* English
* Humanities
* Computing
* Marketing
* Management and Administration
* Manufacturing and Industrial Systems

However, since its conception, the positions of head of the Divisions of New Technologies and Manufacturing and Basic Sciences are vacant, as well as those of undergraduate program coordinators.

## InfoBox

Polytechnic University of San Luis Potosí (UPSLP)
| Universidad Politécnica de San Luis Potosí | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Motto | *Ciencia, Tecnología y Cultura al Servicio del Ser Humano* |
| Type | Public university |
| Established | 2001 |
| President | Francisco Javier Delgado Rojas |
| Location | San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico<br>22°07′19″N 100°59′04″W / 22.12194°N 100.98444°W / 22.12194; -100.98444 |
| Campus | San Luis Potosí |
| Website | www.upslp.edu.mx |


title: Polystichum mohrioides

abstract: Polystichum mohrioides is a fern in the family Dryopteridaceae. It is found only in the Falkland and South Georgia Islands in the South Atlantic Ocean.

text:
# Polystichum mohrioides

***Polystichum mohrioides*** is a fern in the family Dryopteridaceae. It is found only in the Falkland and South Georgia Islands in the South Atlantic Ocean.

## InfoBox

| *Polystichum mohrioides* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Polypodiales |
| Suborder: | Polypodiineae |
| Family: | Dryopteridaceae |
| Genus: | *Polystichum* |
| Species: | ***P. mohrioides*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Polystichum mohrioides***<br>(Bory ex Willd.) C.Presl | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Aspidium mohrioides* Bory ex Willd. * *Nephrodium mohrioides* (Bory ex Willd.) Desv. * *Polystichum mohrioides* var. *elegans* C. Chr. * *Polystichum mohrioides* var. *scopulinum* (D.C. Eaton) Fernald | |


title: Ponca Historic District

abstract:
The Ponca Historic District is a historic district in Ponca, Nebraska that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. It includes the commercial center of Ponca, including 38 contributing buildings. These include:
  - Ponca City Hall at 123 West 3rd Street.
  - Salem Lutheran Church, an Akron Plan church
  - Carnegie Library
  - First Presbyterian Church, a vernacular brick church
  - First Methodist Church, also a vernacular brick church
  - Security Bank
  - Bank of Dixon County

text:
# Ponca Historic District

The **Ponca Historic District** is a historic district in Ponca, Nebraska that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. It includes the commercial center of Ponca, including 38 contributing buildings.

These include:

* **Ponca City Hall** at 123 West 3rd Street.
* Salem Lutheran Church, an Akron Plan church (accompanying photos 16, 17, 28, 37 & 38)
* Carnegie Library (accompanying photos 13, 14, 15)
* First Presbyterian Church, a vernacular brick church
* First Methodist Church, also a vernacular brick church
* Security Bank (photos 1 & 2)
* Bank of Dixon County (photos 3 & 35)

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Ponca Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| Bank of Dixon County building | |
|  | |
| Location | Roughly bounded by East, Court, 2nd and 3rd Sts., Ponca, Nebraska |
| Area | 40 acres (16 ha) |
| NRHP reference No. | 79001438 |
| Added to NRHP | May 18, 1979 |


title: Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma

abstract: The Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma, also known as the Ponca Nation, is one of two federally recognized tribes of Ponca people. The other is the Ponca Tribe of Nebraska. Traditionally, peoples of both tribes have spoken the Omaha-Ponca language, part of the Siouan language family. They share many common cultural norms and characteristics with the Omaha, Osage, Kaw, and Quapaw peoples.

text:
# Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma

The **Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma,** also known as the **Ponca Nation**, is one of two federally recognized tribes of Ponca people. The other is the Ponca Tribe of Nebraska. Traditionally, peoples of both tribes have spoken the Omaha-Ponca language, part of the Siouan language family. They share many common cultural norms and characteristics with the Omaha, Osage, Kaw, and Quapaw peoples.

## Government

The Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma has a democratically elected committee. The government offices are headquartered in White Eagle, near Ponca City, Oklahoma. Their tribal jurisdictional area includes parts of Kay and Noble counties. As of 2018, there were 3,783 enrolled tribal members. Membership in the tribe requires a 1/8 minimum blood quantum, according to rules developed by the tribe.

### Current administration

According to their written constitution, the seven-member governing council of the Ponca Tribe, called the Business Committee, is democratically elected for four-year terms. Among these, one person is elected as chairman. Other offices include vice-chairman, and secretary/treasurer.

The current tribal administration includes:

* Oliver Little Cook, Chairman
* Robert Collins, Vice-Chairman
* Carla Carney, Secretary Treasurer
* Matilda De La Garza, Business Committee Member
* Scotty Simpson Jr., Business Committee Member
* Earl Howe III, Business Committee Member

## Economic development

The Ponca tribe first opened a casino in Ponca City, which is no longer operational. The Ponca opened a second casino in the same location, which also went out of business because of the 2008 recession.

In September 2020, the tribe opened up a casino in Perry, Oklahoma after a months-long delay due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Language and culture

In 2009 an estimated 33 tribal members spoke the Ponca language.

Since 1876 the tribe hosts an annual homecoming powwow. It takes place in August in Ponca City.

## History

The Ponca tribe was one of five tribes (Ponca, Omaha, Osage, Kansa, and Quaqaw) that inhabited the area northeast of the Mississippi River. The Ponca and the Omaha tribe split from the others in the early 18th century as they were migrating west from the Great Lakes region prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus. The Ponca eventually settled in present-day Nebraska and South Dakota. After European settlement, smallpox, measles, influenza and other introduced European diseases took a heavy toll on the numbers of the tribe repeatedly in the 18th and 19th centuries, as they had no immunity to these diseases. The more powerful Sioux, also known as the Lakota, took these opportunities to encroach on their land areas.

### Treaties

The Ponca never went to war with the United States. They signed their first peace treaty with the US in 1817. In the 1825 they signed a trade agreement. Treaties in 1858 and 1865 ceded lands. The 1860s and 1870s were a difficult time for the Ponca tribe, as the buffalo were disappearing, droughts destroyed crops, and warfare with the Sioux combined to threaten the Ponca with starvation.

### Removal

The US broke most of their treaty obligations to the Ponca. They gave land reserved for the Ponca to the Sioux in 1868, as part of the Great Sioux Reservation. The government relocated the Ponca to Indian Territory in 1877.

The forced removal of the Ponca from their former reservation in South Dakota to Indian Territory (in Oklahoma) was unacceptably mismanaged. The U.S. government failed to work with tribal leaders, and did not accept any input from them. Among the repercussions to the Ponca tribe were that they arrived too late to plant crops, the government failed to provide them with adequate supplies, and their assigned location was plagued with malaria. An estimated 158 Ponca died the first year after relocation: almost a third of the entire tribe. Among them was the oldest son of Standing Bear, a Ponca chief.

Standing Bear took his son's body back to Nebraska for burial in traditional lands. There he was arrested by the Army for having left the reservation, but he gained the sympathy of Brigadier General George Crook. With help from prominent attorneys working *pro bono,* Standing Bear filed a *habeas corpus* suit challenging his arrest. The US District Court judge's decision in *Standing Bear v. Crook* (1879) established the right of Indian people to exercise *habeas corpus* and their legal status as citizens under US law.

White Eagle, a principal Ponca chief, settled on a 101,000-acre (410 km2) reservation in what would later be organized as Kay and Noble counties in Oklahoma. He was pressured under the allotment act to lease much of the land to the 101 Ranch for pasture (and later, oil development). In the 1890s missionaries and government agents tried to make the Ponca abandon their traditional tribal dances and ways of life in an attempt to "Americanize" them.

In 1892, under the Dawes Allotment Act, the US government registered the members of the tribe, and allocated individual plots of land to each household. This was intended to introduce them to fee ownership and subsistence farming, as well as extinguish Indian tribal land claims in Oklahoma prior to its becoming a state. The government declared the remaining reservation land as "surplus" and sold it to European-American settlers, who were able to use it productively.

### 20th century to present

The discovery of oil on Ponca lands in 1911 had mixed results for the people. Some became wealthy but others were taken advantage of by speculators and quickly lost their land.

Peyote religion was introduced in the 1910s. In 1918, Louis MacDonald and Frank Eagle, both educated Ponca, co-founded the Native American Church.

After many Ponca served in World War I, returning Ponca veterans founded the American Legion chapter Buffalo Post 38. In their community they revived traditional war dances, such as the *heluska* dance.

Under the 1936 Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act, the tribe reorganized their government. They ratified their constitution in 1950 and became federally recognized. Tribal headquarters were established in White Eagle, located south of Ponca City.

Clyde Warrior, a Ponca, cofounded the National Indian Youth Council. He promoted self-determination and inspired many young Native activists during the 1960s and 1970s.

In the years since allocation of plots under the Dawes Act, these land holdings and interests became highly divided among heirs. In addition, the departments of Interior and Treasury were found in the late 20th century to have mismanaged the fee accounts and payments due to holders of land for drilling and mineral leases. In 2009 the US government settled a major class action suit against it brought by Elouise Cobell (Blackfeet) in 1996, known as the *Cobell v. Salazar* suit.

The Ponca are participating in the Department of Interior's Land Buy-Back Program for Tribal Nations, developed as part of this settlement. In August 2016, Interior officials announced that it had offered approximately $7 million in purchase offers to "more than 1,300 landowners with fractional interests at the Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma" as part of the Land Buy-Back Program for Tribal Nations (Buy-Back Program). Recipients had 45 days to complete the transaction. This program is designed to purchase fractionated interests and transfer land back to tribes in trust, to increase their communal holdings and ability to better use the land.

In 2017, the Ponca Nation enacted a Rights of Nature law which is a resolution that gives the Ponca Tribal Court the power to punish crimes against nature with prison and fines.

## InfoBox

Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma
| Flag of the Ponca Tribe of Oklahoma | |
| --- | --- |
| Total population | |
| 3,783 | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| United States ( Oklahoma) | |
| Languages | |
| Omaha-Ponca language, English | |
| Religion | |
| traditional tribal religion, Native American Church, Christianity | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Omaha, Otoe, Missouria, Ho-Chunk, Iowa, and other Siouan peoples | |


abstract: The Ponca Tribal Self-Help Community Building Historic District, with the Ponca Agency Building, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. The 5-acre (2.0 ha) historic district includes two contributing buildings: the Ponca Tribal Self-Help Community building and a caretaker's cottage, both built in 1936. It also includes five contributing structures and one contributing site. The building construction was funded by the Indian Emergency Conservation Work (IECW) program, sometimes termed the "Indian CCC", less well known than the related Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) program. The IECW was a program of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. A Pow Wow circle is in the district.

text:
# Ponca Tribal Self-Help Community Building Historic District

The **Ponca Tribal Self-Help Community Building Historic District**, with the **Ponca Agency Building**, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

The 5-acre (2.0 ha) historic district includes two contributing buildings: the Ponca Tribal Self-Help Community building and a caretaker's cottage, both built in 1936. It also includes five contributing structures and one contributing site.

The building construction was funded by the Indian Emergency Conservation Work (IECW) program, sometimes termed the "Indian CCC", less well known than the related Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) program. The IECW was a program of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

A Pow Wow circle is in the district.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Ponca Tribal Self-Help Community Building Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| Ponca Tribal Self-Help Community building | |
|  | |
| Location | 88915 521 Avenue; approximately 3 miles southeast of Niobrara, Nebraska |
| Coordinates | 42°42′51″N 98°5′12″W / 42.71417°N 98.08667°W / 42.71417; -98.08667 |
| Area | 5 acres (2.0 ha) |
| Built | 1936 |
| NRHP reference No. | 03000106 |
| Added to NRHP | March 13, 2003 |


title: Ponce Jazz Festival

abstract: The Ponce Jazz Festival is a musical celebration that takes place every year in Ponce, Puerto Rico.

text:
# Ponce Jazz Festival

The **Ponce Jazz Festival** is a musical celebration that takes place every year in Ponce, Puerto Rico.

## History

The festival is one of the newest in the Western Hemisphere. It was inaugurated in 2012. It takes place at the *Concha Acustica* (English: acoustical shell) Amphitheatre of Parque de la Abolición in Barrio Cuarto.

## List of events

### 2012 edition

The festival starts on the last Friday of April, and the 2012 events were as follows:

*Friday 27 April 2012*
Grupo Zambaríbiri Stage Band (Guayanilla)
Escuela de Música de Guayama
Grupo Sound Jazz y Jazz Jam

*Saturday 28 April 2012*
Edwin Gutiérrez & Jazz Project
Charlie Sepúlveda & The Turnaround Band
Julito Alvarado and his group Del Sur al Norte

*Sunday 29 April 2012*
Eugenio Torres & Sol Creciente
Banda Municipal de Ponce, Carlos Juan Colón & Manus, and William Cepeda

### 2013 edition

The 2013 events were as follows.

*Friday, 26 April 2013*
Stage Band - Instituto de Musica Juan Morel Campos
Diversis Quartet
Flautista Joche Caraballo and his Trio
Irvin Cancel and his Band

*Saturday, 27 April 2013*
Luis Gonzalez & his Orchestra
Joseito Ruiz & Quartet
PuertoSax

*Sunday, 29 April 2013*
Black Jazz
Master Jazz Big Band

18°0′00″N 66°37′00″W / 18.00000°N 66.61667°W / 18.00000; -66.61667

## InfoBox

| Ponce Jazz Festival | |
| --- | --- |
| Logo of the Ponce Jazz Festival | |
| Official name | Ponce Jazz Festival |
| Also called | The Jazz Festival |
| Observed by | Ponce, Puerto Rico |
| Type | Local, cultural |
| Celebrations | Music |
| Observances | Yearly |
| Date | Last weekend in April |
| Frequency | annual |
| Related to | http://www.poncejazzfestival.com/ Website |


title: Ponce Municipal Band

abstract: The Ponce Municipal Band, also known as Centenaria Banda Municipal de Ponce, is the band of the municipality of Ponce, Puerto Rico. The band is the oldest continuously-performing band in the Caribbean and the oldest music group in Puerto Rico. It has performed its open-air concerts for over 125 years. The current director is Juan García Germaín. It has 42 members between 25 and 83 years old. It operates within the jurisdiction of the Oficina de Desarrollo Cultural of the autonomous municipality of Ponce. Its headquarters are located at the Centro Integrado para el Fortalecimiento de las Artes Musicales, next to Teatro La Perla.

text:
# Ponce Municipal Band

The **Ponce Municipal Band** (Spanish: *Banda Municipal de Ponce*), also known as *Centenaria Banda Municipal de Ponce*, is the band of the municipality of Ponce, Puerto Rico. The band is the oldest continuously-performing band in the Caribbean and the oldest music group in Puerto Rico. It has performed its open-air concerts for over 125 years. The current director is Juan García Germaín. It has 42 members between 25 and 83 years old. It operates within the jurisdiction of the *Oficina de Desarrollo Cultural* (English: Office of Cultural Development) of the autonomous municipality of Ponce. Its headquarters are located at the *Centro Integrado para el Fortalecimiento de las Artes Musicales*, next to Teatro La Perla.

## History

The history of the Ponce Municipal Band dates to its predecessor, the Ponce Firefighters' Band, a band that was already operational in 1859. It was founded in September, 1883, by Juan Morel Campos. In 1953, the Band reorganized and was moved from an organization under the Ponce Firefighters Corps to an organization under the Ponce Municipal Government. The directors of the band after its founder have been Domingo Cruz (Cocolia), Julio Alvarado, Emilio Alvarado, Eduardo Cuevas, Tomás Clavel, and Eustaquio Pujals. The current director is Juan B. García Germaín. Band master Julio Alvarado was the director of the band at the time of its 1953 reorganization. Gregorio Ledesma was the band conductor in 1859.

In late 2010, the Ponce Municipal Government provided the Band its own location for its rehearsals. The new location is next to the legendary Teatro La Perla at a structure named *Centro Integrado para el Fortalecimiento de las Artes Musicales* (Integrated Center for the Development of the Musical Arts).

## Concerts

The Band originally celebrated its concerts from a since-removed second floor stage at Parque de Bombas. It then performed from Paseo Antonio Arias (formerly, Paseo Amor), and has also performed from Concha Acústica de Ponce and Paseo Tablado La Guancha. It also performed from the Dora Colón Clavell Urban Park for some time, and it is currently performing from a removable stage at front of the Ponce City Hall. Concerts are every Sunday evening. In September, 2011, the Band adopted a new venue philosophy called *Retretas en la Comunidad*, whereby it started to bring its stage to the various communities of Ponce.

## Directors and their terms

As *"Banda del Benemérito Cuerpo de Bomberos de Ponce":*

As *"Banda Municipal de Ponce":*

## Current members

As of March 2011, the Ponce Municipal Band had 42 members as follows:

* Flute
    + Carlos Torres, Marines Aviles, Jose Rentas
* Clarinet
    + Ada I. Rodriguez, Ricardo Velazquez, Julio Alvarado, Ramon Galindo, Juan Garcia, Estrella Cruz, Feliz Varela, Hector Lopez de Victoria, Cynthia Rodriguez, Nilda Cruz, Guillermo Silvagnoli, Edanette Tirado
* Saxophone
    + Leslie Pagan, Moises Ortiz, Jorge L. Torres, Jose P. Santiago, Jose R. Santiago
* Bassoon
    + Jesus Acevedo
* Trumpet
    + Jose M. Ruiz, Jose Quiñones, Victor Caquias, Edgardo Ruiz, Elder Arroyo, Victor Rodriguez
* Horn
    + Hector I. Maldonado, Felipe Gonzalez, Rohel Ortiz, Orlando Zayas
* Trombone
    + David Perez, Israel Negron, Irving Gonzalez
* Euphonium
    + Angel Santos, Lester Perez Cancel
* Tuba
    + Lester Perez Flores, Arnaldo Tarrio
* Percussion
    + Dimas Rodriguez, Luis M. Valentin, Sergio Gonzalez, Jose Alvarado

18°0′39.132″N 66°36′50.1474″W / 18.01087000°N 66.613929833°W / 18.01087000; -66.613929833

## InfoBox

| Ponce Municipal Band | |
| --- | --- |
| Banda Municipal de Ponce | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Ponce, Puerto Rico |
| Genres | Danza, classical |
| Occupation | Band |
| Years active | 1883-*present* |
|  | |
| Members | **Music Director**
Juan García Germaín
**Founder**
Juan Morel Campos

**Past Directors**
Domingo Cruz "Cocolia"
Julio Alvarado Tricoche
Luis Osvaldo Pino Valdivieso
Rubén Colón Tarrats |
|  | |
| Past members | Juan Ríos Ovalle
**Other past directors**
Emilio Alvarado
Eduardo Cuevas
Tomás Clavel
Eustaquio Pujals |


title: Portageville Pirates

abstract: The Portageville Pirates were a minor league baseball team based Portageville, Missouri. In 1935 and 1936, the Pirates played as members of the Class D level Kentucky–Illinois–Tennessee League, also known as the "KITTY League." The team was a minor league affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates, adopting their nickname. During the 1936 season, Portageville relocated to Owensboro, Kentucky and became the Owensboro Pirates. Portageville hosted minor league home games at Harris Park.

text:
# Portageville Pirates

The **Portageville Pirates** were a minor league baseball team based Portageville, Missouri. In 1935 and 1936, the Pirates played as members of the Class D level Kentucky–Illinois–Tennessee League, also known as the "KITTY League." The team was a minor league affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates, adopting their nickname. During the 1936 season, Portageville relocated to Owensboro, Kentucky and became the Owensboro Pirates. Portageville hosted minor league home games at Harris Park.

## History

Minor league baseball began in Portageville, Missouri when the 1935 Portageville "Pirates" began play as members of the six–team Class D level Kentucky–Illinois–Tennessee League, which was reforming. The 1935 Portageville team was a minor league affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates. The Hopkinsville Hoppers, Jackson Generals, Lexington Giants, Paducah Red Birds and Union City Greyhounds teams joined Portage in beginning league play on May 22, 1935. After beginning play in 1903, the Kentucky–Illinois–Tennessee League was reforming after folding following the 1924 season. Portageville, Lexington and Union were new franchises to the league.

On May 22, 1935, Portageville won their Opening Day game at home. The Pirates defeated the Union City Greyhounds by the score of 3–2 in their first game. The Pirates had their first loss two games later on May 24, 1935, as Union City defeated Portageville 4–2.

In their first season, the "Pirates" ended the Kentucky–Illinois–Tennessee League season with a final record of 44-46. Portageville placed fourth in the six-team league, as Pat Patterson and Herb Welch served as managers. Portageville ended the season 6.0 games behind the first place Jackson Generals in the final overall standings. The team had an extensive roster turnover in 1935, with 60 players playing for the team. Portageville did not qualify for the playoff. Lexington won the first half of the split season schedule in the league and Jackson won the second half. The playoff was cancelled after it was ruled that Jackson and other teams had used ineligible players during the season.

The Pittsburgh Pirates' other minor league affiliate teams were the Winnipeg Maroons, Jeannette Little Pirates, Hutchinson Larks and Scranton Miners.

In 1936, Portageville continued Kentucky–Illinois–Tennessee League play to begin the season. The KITTY league expanded to become an eight-team league, adding the Fulton Eagles and Mayfield Clothiers teams to the league. On July 17, 1936, the Portageville Pirates franchise moved to Owensboro, Kentucky. At the time of the move, Portageville had a 26–35 record. The team played as the Owensboro Pirates for the remainder of the 1936 league season.

The 1936 team continued play and compiled a 26–32 record while playing the remainder of the season based in Owensboro. Combined, the Portage/Owensboro team finished in sixth place in the standings, playing the season under manager Hughie Wise in both locations. The team ended the Kentucky–Illinois–Tennessee League with an overall record of 52-67 in the Kitty League standings and finished 21.5 games behind the first place Paducah Indians.

In 1937, the Owensboro Oilers continued play as members of the KITTY League, but the Portageville franchise did not return to the league. Portageville, Missouri has not hosted another minor league team.

## The ballpark

The Portage Pirates teams hosted minor league home games at **Harris Park**. The ballpark location is unknown and the Harris Park ballpark had a capacity of 1,500.

## Year–by–year records

| Year | Record | Finish | Manager | Playoffs/Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1935 | 44-46 | 4th | Pat Patterson / Herb Welch | No playoffs held |
| 1936 | 52-67 | 6th | Hughie Wise | Team (26–35) moved to Owensboro July 17 |
|

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

| Portage Pirates | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Minor league affiliations | |
| Class | Class D (1935–1936) |
| League | Kentucky–Illinois–Tennessee League (1935–1936) |
| Major league affiliations | |
| Team | Pittsburgh Pirates (1935–1936) |
| Minor league titles | |
| League titles (0) | None |
| Team data | |
| Name | **Portageville Pirates** (1935–1936) |
| Ballpark | Harris Park (1935–1936) |


abstract: The Portage la Prairie station is a railway station in Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, Canada, currently served by Via Rail's transcontinental Canadian, and the Winnipeg–Churchill train. A one-story brick building, the station operates as a flag stop for the Canadian, with 24-hour advance notice recommended, as well as being a regular stop on the Winnipeg-Churchill route. It was originally served by the Canadian National Railway mainline. Also designated a national historic site is the Portage la Prairie Canadian Pacific Railway Station that no longer provides passenger services but operates as a museum.

text:
# Portage la Prairie station (Canadian National Railway)

The **Portage la Prairie station** is a railway station in Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, Canada, currently served by Via Rail's transcontinental *Canadian*, and the Winnipeg–Churchill train.

A one-story brick building, the station operates as a flag stop for the *Canadian,* with 24-hour advance notice recommended, as well as being a regular stop on the Winnipeg-Churchill route.

It was originally served by the Canadian National Railway mainline.

Also designated a national historic site is the Portage la Prairie Canadian Pacific Railway Station that no longer provides passenger services but operates as a museum.

## History

This Portage la Prairie station was built in 1908 by the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway (predecessor of the Canadian National Railway) and the Midland Railway of Manitoba as a union station.

The station was designated a national historic site in 1992.

It was formerly used as a Greyhound bus stop until the early 2000s when it moved to Portage la Prairie Mall. Greyhound Canada service later ended in Western Canada on October 31, 2018.

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

| Portage la Prairie | |
| --- | --- |
| The station circa 1911 | |
| General information | |
| Location | 130 Fisher Avenue
Portage la Prairie, MB
Canada |
| Coordinates | 49°58′38″N 98°17′17″W / 49.97722°N 98.28806°W / 49.97722; -98.28806 |
| Platforms | 1 |
| Tracks | 1 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Shelter |
| History | |
| Opened | 1908 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Via Rail Following station  Riverstoward Vancouver  The *Canadian*  Winnipegtoward Toronto  Gladstonetoward Churchill  Winnipeg–Churchill  WinnipegTerminus | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former services   Preceding station  Via Rail Following station  Carberrytoward Vancouver  The *Canadian*before 1990  Winnipegtoward Toronto or Montreal  Preceding station Canadian National Railway Following station  Aronatoward Vancouver  Main Line  Winnipegtoward Montreal  McArthurtoward Edmonton  EdmontonWinnipeg via North Battleford and Regina  WinnipegTerminus  Muirtoward North Battleford  North BattlefordWinnipeg via Swan River and Hallboro   Hobsontoward Calgary  CalgaryWinnipeg  Curtistoward Winnipeg  *Terminus*  Cabot Branch  Gervaistoward Winnipeg  Alphatoward Alonsa  AlonsaPortage la Prairie  *Terminus* | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Porter Charlton

abstract: Porter Charlton was the son of a Puerto Rican federal judge who in 1910 confessed in New York, United States, to murdering his wife at Lake Como in Italy and sinking the body in a trunk in the lake. He was extradited to Italy. The Italian vice consul requested Charlton's extradition. John A. Blair, one of the judges of the Circuit Court of the United States for the district of New Jersey, suspended Charlton's petition for a writ of habeas corpus and a warrant was issued for his arrest. This order for extradition was approved by Philander C. Knox. The extradition was argued before the United States Supreme Court in 1913 as Charlton v. Kelly. Charlton was convicted of murder in Italy in October 1915 and sentenced to six years and eight months in prison; since he had been in prison since his confession in June 1910, he served only twenty-nine additional days and returned from Naples to the US on the Italian liner SS America.

text:
# Porter Charlton

**Porter Charlton** (September 21, 1888 - November 24, 1933) was the son of a Puerto Rican federal judge who in 1910 confessed in New York, United States, to murdering his wife at Lake Como in Italy and sinking the body in a trunk in the lake. He was extradited to Italy.

The Italian vice consul requested Charlton's extradition. John A. Blair, one of the judges of the Circuit Court of the United States for the district of New Jersey, suspended Charlton's petition for a writ of habeas corpus and a warrant was issued for his arrest. This order for extradition was approved by Philander C. Knox. The extradition was argued before the United States Supreme Court in 1913 as *Charlton v. Kelly*.

Charlton was convicted of murder in Italy in October 1915 and sentenced to six years and eight months in prison; since he had been in prison since his confession in June 1910, he served only twenty-nine additional days and returned from Naples to the US on the Italian liner SS *America*.


title: Porter College

abstract: Benjamin F. Porter College, known colloquially as Porter College, is a residential college at the University of California, Santa Cruz. It is located on the lower west side of the university, south of Kresge College and north of Rachel Carson College. The college was founded in 1969 as College Five and formally dedicated on November 21, 1981. On that day the college was given the motto Ars Longa, Vita Brevis, and a series of college symbols, including a faculty mace and a college bell, were inaugurated. The faculty of the college has had a distinguished leadership. The provosts of the college have included the writer James B. Hall, the painter and psychologist Pavel Machotka, filmmaker Eli Hollander and composer David Cope. In early years, the college community was famous for Friday-afternoon sherry hours and afternoon croquet matches on the quad, suggesting that "l'esprit de Santa Cruz" was not far from that of Oxbridge.

text:
# Porter College

**Benjamin F. Porter College**, known colloquially as **Porter College**, is a residential college at the University of California, Santa Cruz. It is located on the lower west side of the university, south of Kresge College and north of Rachel Carson College. The college was founded in 1969 as College Five and formally dedicated on November 21, 1981. On that day the college was given the motto *Ars Longa, Vita Brevis* (Art endures, Life is short), and a series of college symbols, including a faculty mace and a college bell, were inaugurated.

The faculty of the college has had a distinguished leadership. The provosts of the college have included the writer James B. Hall, the painter and psychologist Pavel Machotka, filmmaker Eli Hollander and composer David Cope. In early years, the college community was famous for Friday-afternoon sherry hours and afternoon croquet matches on the quad, suggesting that "l'esprit de Santa Cruz" was not far from that of Oxbridge.

## Description

Situated on a meadow overlooking the Monterey Bay, Porter's original focus was on the visual and performing arts with a unique college major in aesthetic studies (including areas like criticism, creative writing, film, photography and crafts which were not covered by the more traditional boards of study). Porter has long been a center for fine and performing arts. The college complex includes three active galleries, the History of Art and Visual Culture department, and various spaces in the complex have frequently been used for musical, theatrical, and dance performances. It also features a koi pond and cherry tree garden.

Although designed as a traditional dormitory with a centralized dining hall, Porter soon gained a reputation befitting their artistic background by staging outrageously bohemian parties, including Halloween, "Step on My Face", "The End" (initially understood as "The End of the World," but also in response to the changing of the name of the college from College Five to Porter, later revised to "The End of the School Year," or "The Edge of the World," and now "Porterpalooza"), and, for a time, a parodistic Prom ("for all those who missed their High School Proms"). "Queer Fashion Show," formerly "Alternative Fashion Show" is a current annual program featuring student made fashion and a variety show. Porter is now also the home to several apartment buildings that are available to second year students and upper classmen. Currently, Freshmen and new Transfer students are not allowed to apply to live in the Porter Apartments.

While personnel surveillance is strong in the dormitory and adjoining quad area, rarely do CSOs or RAs patrol the Porter Meadow. Consequently, the Porter meadow is the primary spot for students smoking, drinking, or making noise in moderate to large groups.

### Traditions

In the same vein, many students from this college take part in the First Rain yearly tradition, which is celebrated when the first rain of the Fall quarter falls. Students run naked through all colleges, much to the amusement of other students, to return to Porter College for warm showers. This tradition may have developed from a naked "walkabout" where roughly 50 Porterians and students from Kresge and (then) College 8 walked the colleges naked in October 1989 in part to relieve the stress of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. The quake cancelled classes for days and UCSC students were left with little to do for distraction.

Though Porter College's reputation is associated with outrageous parties, bohemian lifestyles, and uninhibited artistic expression, presently the atmosphere at the college is much more subdued than in the past. Today, there are fewer Art majors at UCSC and thus fewer affiliated with Porter than in its earlier days. UCSC has also forced this break from reputation through stricter regulation and disciplinary action involving event planning, noise, lewdness, and drug policies. Like all colleges of UC Santa Cruz, these regulations are enforced by Coordinators for Residential Education (CREs), Residential Advisors (RAs), and Campus Security Officers (CSO). CREs live in the dormitory buildings and are responsible for discipline following campus policy violations as well as offering assistance and guidance to Porter students. RAs, college students living in the dorms, and CSOs, trained and hired personnel, patrol Porter College offering assistance in emergencies or writing referrals for policy violation.

### Transfer Community

Porter College is also home to the Transfer Community. Using sections of both the large A and B buildings, the Transfer Community theme is home to nearly all transfer students who live on campus, regardless of college affiliation. Like most residential halls, the standard room option is a triple room with age-appropriate roommates. The addition of the Transfer Community has also greatly changed the culture and traditional arts-focus of Porter College as most of the transfer students are affiliated with other colleges.

### Landmarks

Just to the south of Porter is a signature campus art piece, a large red abstract sculpture which has been endlessly portrayed on UCSC's promotional literature. It is known on campus as "The Squiggle," "The Flying IUD" and "The Porter Wave" in official literature, but is officially "Untitled." Students often gather at this sculpture to play guitar, to watch the sunset, or to even drum on the sculpture itself. On Sundays students gather to participate in a mass Live-Action Role Playing, or LARPING.

Nearby the college is Empire Cave (and others in Cave Gulch, across Empire Grade from the campus) and Porter Meadow, which are popular local attractions. Empire Cave is notable for being the endemic stomping grounds of the Empire Cave Pseudoscorpion, the population of these arachnids being so small and isolated as to be primarily threatened by intrepid explorers, foolhardy party-goers, and psychedelic nomads looking for a "trip."

The Porter Dining Hall is one of five dining halls on campus and is known to host events throughout the year. Fridays during the hot months of the year, Porter hosts its "Patio Party", inviting students across campus to enjoy BBQ, "mocktails" and music.

## Dining

The closest dining hall is the Kresge/Porter dining hall in Porter College, with the Porter Market (previously known as the Hungry Slug, and before that a worker's collective called Sluggo's Pizza) adjacent to the dining hall. The servery offers chef-customized traditional style entrees, signature salads, and pizzas. The dining hall is well known for having a variety of vegetarian and vegan options and also has a wonderful outside deck with a view of the adjacent Porter meadow and the Monterey Bay ocean view.

36°59′39″N 122°03′56″W / 36.99424°N 122.06557°W / 36.99424; -122.06557

## InfoBox

Porter College
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Motto | *Ars Longa, Vita Brevis* |
| Motto in English | Life is short, Art endures |
| Type | Residential college |
| Established | 1969 |
| Provost | Sean Keilen |
| Undergraduates | 1,526 |
| Address | University of California
1156 High Street
Santa Cruz, CA 95064,  Santa Cruz, California |
| Campus | Suburban/Sylvan |
| Colors | UCSC Blue
UCSC Gold |
| Website | www.porter.ucsc.edu/ |


title: Porter Building

abstract: The Porter Building is a historic building listed on the National Register of Historic Places located in the Downtown Historic District of Woodland, California.

text:
# Porter Building

The **Porter Building** is a historic building listed on the National Register of Historic Places located in the Downtown Historic District of Woodland, California.

## History

The building was designed in 1913 by architect W.H. Weeks, architect of many other landmarks in Woodland such as the Woodland Opera House and the Yolo County Courthouse. Construction bids were accepted and Earle L. Younger of San Jose (later a Woodland resident) was the lowest bidder. The building's exterior includes buff-colored Roman brick with elaborately decorated cornice and an arched entrance way that leads into the building's lobby. The building had many modern amenities that were rare for its era, some of which were "firsts" for Woodland, including an electric elevator, steam heating system, and telephone service in each office. The successful completion of this major construction project was of great benefit to Younger, and helped him become one of the more popular commercial builders in Woodland until the 1940s.

Today the building is a part of the Downtown Woodland Historic District. During much of the 2000s, the building was left vacant, but it was announced in December 2009 that a private community college will be moving into the building. A project to retrofit the building to bring it up to date with current safety standards is underway. Changes to the interior of the building will take place in preparation for the classrooms and offices it will house. The current plans are to keep as many preexisting walls as possible. The steam heating system that was originally a luxury for the building is still intact, but a new heating and air conditioning system will also be put in place. The exterior of the building will be restored to its original state in 1913. The architect for the remodeling of the building is Duane Thompson.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Porter Building | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district<br>Contributing property | |
|  | |
| The Porter Building as it appears in 2011. | |
|  | |
| Location | 501-511 Main St., Woodland, California |
| Coordinates | 38°40′40″N 121°46′24″W / 38.67778°N 121.77333°W / 38.67778; -121.77333 |
| Area | 0.4 acres (0.16 ha) |
| Built | 1913 |
| Architect | W.H. Weeks |
| Architectural style | Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals, Second Renaissance Revival |
| Part of | Downtown Woodland Historic District (ID99000471) |
| NRHP reference No. | 78000828 |
| Added to NRHP | November 30, 1978 |


title: Popice, Czech Republic

abstract: Popice is a municipality and village in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,000 inhabitants. Popice lies approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) north-west of Břeclav, 31 km (19 mi) south of Brno, and 208 km (129 mi) south-east of Prague.

text:
# Popice, Czech Republic

**Popice** is a municipality and village in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,000 inhabitants.

Popice lies approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) north-west of Břeclav, 31 km (19 mi) south of Brno, and 208 km (129 mi) south-east of Prague.

## History

The first written mention of Popice is from 1291, when the village was sold to the convent in Dolní Kounice.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 1,361 |  |
| 1880 | 1,421 | +4.4% |
| 1890 | 1,478 | +4.0% |
| 1900 | 1,359 | −8.1% |
| 1910 | 1,366 | +0.5% |
| 1921 | 1,369 | +0.2% |
| 1930 | 1,376 | +0.5% |
| 1950 | 979 | −28.9% |
| 1961 | 983 | +0.4% |
| 1970 | 952 | −3.2% |
| 1980 | 947 | −0.5% |
| 1991 | 952 | +0.5% |
| 2001 | 962 | +1.1% |
| 2011 | 974 | +1.2% |
| 2021 | 973 | −0.1% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Popice | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| View of Popice | |
|  | |
| PopiceLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 48°55′38″N 16°40′0″E / 48.92722°N 16.66667°E / 48.92722; 16.66667 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | South Moravian |
| District | Břeclav |
| First mentioned | 1291 |
| Area | |
| Total | 9.99 km2 (3.86 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 188 m (617 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 993 |
| Density | 99/km2 (260/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 691 27 |
| Website | www.obecpopice.eu |


title: Popiel I

abstract: Popiel I was a legendary ruler of Poland, member of the Popielids dynasty. According to the legends reported by Wincenty Kadłubek in his Chronica seu originale regum et principum Poloniae, he was the son of Leszko III. Father of Popiel II.

text:
# Popiel I

**Popiel I** was a legendary ruler of Poland, member of the Popielids dynasty. According to the legends reported by Wincenty Kadłubek in his *Chronica seu originale regum et principum Poloniae*, he was the son of Leszko III. Father of Popiel II.

## Bibliography

* Jerzy Strzelczyk: Mity, podania i wierzenia dawnych Słowian. Poznań: Rebis, 2007. ISBN 978-83-7301-973-7.
* Jerzy Strzelczyk: Od Prasłowian do Polaków. Kraków: Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza, 1987. ISBN 83-03-02015-3.


abstract: Poppleton Township is a township in Kittson County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 123 at the 2000 census. Poppleton Township was organized in 1893, and named for the numerous poplar trees within its borders.

text:
# Poppleton Township, Kittson County, Minnesota

**Poppleton Township** is a township in Kittson County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 123 at the 2000 census.

Poppleton Township was organized in 1893, and named for the numerous poplar trees within its borders.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.0 square miles (90.8 km2), of which 35.0 square miles (90.8 km2) is land and 0.03% is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 123 people, 52 households, and 39 families residing in the township. The population density was 3.5 people per square mile (1.4/km2). There were 59 housing units at an average density of 1.7/sq mi (0.7/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 99.19% White, and 0.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.81% of the population.

There were 52 households, out of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.2% were married couples living together, 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.1% were non-families. 23.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.75.

In the township the population was spread out, with 22.8% under the age of 18, 4.1% from 18 to 24, 23.6% from 25 to 44, 29.3% from 45 to 64, and 20.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 136.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 126.2 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $25,357, and the median income for a family was $26,500. Males had a median income of $31,750 versus $11,719 for females. The per capita income for the township was $26,665. There were 18.4% of families and 18.3% of the population living below the poverty line, including 38.9% of under eighteens and 22.7% of those over 64.

## InfoBox

| Poppleton Township, Minnesota | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Poppleton TownshipLocation in Minnesota and the United StatesPoppleton TownshipPoppleton Township (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 48°50′25″N 96°44′39″W / 48.84028°N 96.74417°W / 48.84028; -96.74417 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Minnesota |
| County | Kittson |
| Area | |
| Total | 35.0 sq mi (90.8 km2) |
| Land | 35.0 sq mi (90.8 km2) |
| Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2) |
| Elevation | 942 ft (287 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 123 |
| Density | 3.5/sq mi (1.4/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| FIPS code | 27-52072 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0665342 |


title: Poplar HARCA

abstract: Poplar HARCA is a housing association in London, England. It is the landlord of about 9,000 homes in the East London area, a quarter of which have been sold leasehold; the remainder are let on assured tenancies at subsidised rent levels. The association focuses on community regeneration as part of its core mission, with a Neighbourhood Centre on each estate. It is part of the Placeshapers network of housing associations and works on improving infrastructure, services, activities, employment, health and education in the area.

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# Poplar HARCA

**Poplar HARCA** (Housing and Regeneration Community Association) is a housing association in London, England. It is the landlord of about 9,000 homes in the East London area, a quarter of which have been sold leasehold; the remainder are let on assured tenancies at subsidised rent levels.

The association focuses on community regeneration as part of its core mission, with a Neighbourhood Centre on each estate. It is part of the Placeshapers network of housing associations and works on improving infrastructure, services, activities, employment, health and education in the area.

## History

Poplar HARCA was set up by the London Borough of Tower Hamlets to regenerate the area, especially certain council estates whose residents voted to transfer to the new body. Parts of seven estates (about 4,500 homes) transferred to Poplar HARCA in March and December 1998. The following year, tenants on further estates voted to remain with the council. However, after a lengthy consultation of all council estates in Tower Hamlets begun in 2002, several more estates in Poplar did transfer between 2005 and 2007. The final ballots were on several estates in East India ward, with a 78% majority in favour of transfer in 2006, including the iconic Balfron Tower; and Coventry Cross Estate with 65% in 2007.

### Reshaping Poplar

Poplar HARCA has refurbished all its existing housing stock and brought it up to standard. Its "Reshaping Poplar" agenda is a twelve-year plan to update, improve and replace this housing, developing hundreds of new homes, alongside parks, health and education facilities. John Denham, Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government, met residents to discuss the plans in September 2009.

In 2012 Poplar HARCA and Willmott Dixon obtained planning permission for a joint redevelopment of the Aberfeldy Estate. The plans include the demolition of nearly 300 homes and their replacement with 1,100 new homes and improved amenities to be provided over twelve years. Of the 1,100 new homes built, 986 will be at market rates, 20 at intermediate rent, and 170 at social rent.

## Management

The constitution allows for twelve board members including seven resident directors (tenants or leaseholders), one local councillor and up to four independent members. As of November 2015, the Chief Executive is Steve Stride, the Chair of the Board is Dr Paul Brickell, and the Vice-Chair is Rev. James Olanipekun, a resident.

Poplar HARCA has also formally incorporated youth empowerment into its management structure. Its Youth Empowerment Board is formally represented in the governance of the association.

The Audit Commission's last inspection in 2007 awarded Poplar HARCA two stars out of three, with "promising prospects for improvement".

Poplar Harca's Community and Neighbourhoods team (CaN), often in partnership with other associations, work on projects that help residents to find new jobs, empower them to improve their local area or develop and improve their physical, mental, emotional, social and educational wellbeing.

## Awards

* Winner of the 2016 Guardian Public Service Award for Transformation.
* In October 2016, the Accents Team were awarded ‘Innovation of the Year’ by 24 Housing for their Open Poplar project which identifies and then fills underused space in the area.
* Accents project manager Francesca Colloca won the 2016 Women in Housing Award for 'most effective project in improving the lives of women or communities' in recognition for her work on the Chrisp Street Exchange Programme.
* In 2016, Poplar HARCA ranked 4th in Inside Housing's Innovation Index, recognising the ideas and creativity of staff.
* 2015 winner of the UK Housing Award for ‘Outstanding Landlord of the Year’.
* In 2015, it won a BALI National Landscape Award in the Hard Landscaping category for its approach to regeneration on the Brownfield Estate.
* Poplar HARCA's Energy Champion Project was recognised for its innovative, resident led approach in receiving the Greener Living Award at the 2015 Community Impact Awards.
* In April 2014, Chief Executive Steve Stride was featured in 24Housing magazine's '2014 Power Player Top 50' list, at number nine.
* In 2014, resident Tom Gleed won Green Tenant of the Year at the Sustainable Housing Awards for developing Brownfield Community Garden into a thriving sustainable space.
* The Brownfield Estate Board won the 2015 Social Landlords Crime and Nuisance Group Anti-Social Behaviour (SLCNG ASB) Resident and Community Award for its work in building a safe and cohesive community.
* In 2013, it won the Sustainable City Awards in the ‘Greening the Third Sector’ category for demonstrating excellence in sustainable development.
* Poplar HARCA was voted Social Housing Provider of the year at the Sustainable Housing Awards 2013.
* Finalist at the UK Housing Awards 2013 for Community-Led Initiative of the Year. This was for the Poplar and Bow Network.
* It won two awards at the Sustainable Housing Awards 2012: Partnership of the year for the Eco Homes project and the Transformation Award for the redevelopment of Leopold Park.
* Poplar HARCA won the ASB ActionNet Award 2011, for innovative legal action to deal with "neighbours from hell".
* It won the Tenant Empowerment Team of the Year Award at the Chartered Institute of Housing's Housing Heroes Awards 2010.
* It won *The Guardian's* Public Services Award 2009 in the Housing and Regeneration category, for its Family Intervention Project.
* Community Safety Manager, Sarah Castro, was awarded an MBE in the 2009 New Year Honours list. This was for her work tackling anti-social behaviour in Poplar and Tower Hamlets.
* Poplar HARCA's chair from 2002 to 2009, Christine Searle MBE, was named one of the 25 most influential people in social housing by *Inside Housing* magazine in March 2009. She was one of the founder resident directors of Poplar HARCA, and her MBE was awarded in June 2004 in recognition of her community work.
* Winner of the Housing Corporation's 2007 Gold Award for Empowering Communities
* Finalist of Inbiz National Housing Federation 2006 Housing Awards - Best Neighbour
* In partnership with Lincoln Area Regeneration Group, 2006 Green Pennant awarded for Chiltern Green
* In partnership with Lincoln Area Regeneration Group, Highly Commended in Chartered Institute of Housing 2004 UK Housing Award for Best Led Community Initiative - Chiltern Green
* 2001 Commendation for Best in Community Regeneration - BURA Charitable Trust
* In partnership with Countryside plc, Burdett Estate renewal was voted Best Partnership Development in the 2001 *What House?* Awards

## InfoBox

Poplar HARCA
| Company type | Company, charity, housing association |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Social housing |
| Founded | 13 September 1996 (1996-09-13) |
| Founder | Steve Stride |
| Headquarters | London, E14 |
| Area served | East London |
| Services | Housing, community regeneration |
| Revenue | £54.6 million (2016) |
| Net income | £10.1 million (2016) |
| Total assets | £506 million (2016) |
| Number of employees | 300 FTE (2016) |
| Website | poplarharca.co.uk |
| **Footnotes / references**<br>Source: Statutory accounts | |


title: Port Office, Brisbane

abstract: The Port Office is a heritage-listed former government building at 39 Edward Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Francis Drummond Greville Stanley and built from 1879 to 1929 by John Petrie. It is also known as Stamford Plaza and Harbours & Marine Building. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

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# Port Office, Brisbane

The **Port Office** is a heritage-listed former government building (now a hotel restaurant) at 39 Edward Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Francis Drummond Greville Stanley and built from 1879 to 1929 by John Petrie. It is also known as Stamford Plaza and Harbours & Marine Building. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

## History

The Port Office was built in 1879–80 to a design by FDG Stanley, the Queensland Colonial Architect. It replaced an earlier building nearby. The contractor was John Petrie who had tendered 8,811 for the work. The building was erected on land adjoining the old Port Office. A slipway and wharves for use by the Department were adjacent. In 1885 a two-storey extension was constructed at the rear of the building.

In 1929 the building was extended to provide more space for the Department of Labour which had occupied the building since 1906. A tide marker on the wall of the building since the turn of the century was damaged during the 1974 floods but was later replaced.

In 1988 the property was leased to a private company and the building became part of the Heritage Hotel complex, later the Stamford Plaza Hotel. Extensive renovations were undertaken including the removal of all post 1880 additions, and the addition of the end balconies which were shown on the Colonial Architect's original plans.

Since June 2010, the former Port Office has been operating as the Moo Moo Wine Bar and Grill within the Stamford Plaza Hotel.

## Description

The Port Office is a two-storey, 1880s building which features restrained Classical detailing combined with decorative cast-iron work. The building has a prominent entry porch with an extensive elevation facing Edward Street. It has three gable ended projecting bays connected by verandahs. The walls are rendered brick while the roof is sheeted in rolled iron. The lower floor level features plain circular columns supporting the verandah and keyed pilasters. The upper level verandah has slender cast-iron columns.

The building has austere Classical detailing with Roman arched openings and a string course in the form of a cornice that runs the perimeter of the building above the ground floor windows. The building has circular ventilator openings in each gable end. Above the roof are chimneys of varying heights, and decorative cast iron ridge cresting. The building is now separated from the Brisbane River by the Stamford Plaza Hotel.

Internally, the building has been extensively renovated and adapted to include ground level speciality shops and a restaurant and bar on the top floor. Two of the shops on the ground floor have had mezzanine levels inserted. Otherwise original ceiling heights have been retained.

## Heritage listing

The Port Office was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.

**The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.**

Evidence of the expansion of maritime trade in the late 1870s and its importance to the developing economy of the colony.

**The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.**

An example of the work of Colonial Architect FDG Stanley, and of building contractor John Petrie.

**The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.**

Its contribution to the streetscape as part of a maritime precinct.

### Attribution

This Wikipedia article was originally based on *"The Queensland heritage register"* published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 7 July 2014, archived on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were originally computed from the *"Queensland heritage register boundaries"* published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 5 September 2014, archived on 15 October 2014).

## InfoBox

| Port Office, Brisbane | |
| --- | --- |
| former Port Office, 2010 | |
| Location | 39 Edward Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia |
| Coordinates | 27°28′17″S 153°01′50″E / 27.4714°S 153.0305°E / -27.4714; 153.0305 |
| Design period | 1870s–1890s (late 19th century) |
| Built | 1879–1929 |
| Architect | Francis Drummond Greville Stanley |
| Architectural style(s) | Classicism |
|  | |
| Queensland Heritage Register | |
| Official name | The Port Office, Stamford Plaza, Harbours and Marine Building |
| Type | state heritage (built) |
| Designated | 21 October 1992 |
| Reference no. | 600088 |
| Significant period | 1870s–1880s, 1920s (fabric)<br>1870s–1980s (historical) |
| Builders | John Petrie |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Port Office, Brisbane in QueenslandPort Office, Brisbane (Australia) | |


title: Poptún Airport

abstract: Poptún Airport is an airport serving the town of Poptún in Guatemala. The runway is within the town. There are low hills 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of the airport.

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# Poptún Airport

**Poptún Airport** (IATA: **PON**, ICAO: **MGPP**) is an airport serving the town of Poptún in Guatemala.

The runway is within the town. There are low hills 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of the airport.

## InfoBox

| Poptún Airport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Serves | Poptún, Guatemala |
| Elevation AMSL | 1,693 ft / 516 m |
| Coordinates | 16°19′35″N 89°25′00″W / 16.32639°N 89.41667°W / 16.32639; -89.41667 |
| Map | |
| **PON**Location in Petén Department**PON**Location in Guatemala | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  m ft  09/27 2,730 8,957 Gravel | |
| Statistics (2022) | |
| Aircraft operations 526 | |
| Source: Google Maps GCM DGAC | |


title: Port de Pailhères

abstract: The Col de Pailhères is a mountain pass in the Ariège department of the French Pyrenees, located on the secondary road D25 between Mijanès (south-east) and Ax-les-Thermes (west). Port de Pailhères is located nearby, 400 m southwest. It is the lowest point between the valleys but from there the road D25 to Mijanès direction runs via the Col de Pailhères.

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# Port de Pailhères

The **Col de Pailhères** (elevation 2,001 m (6,565 ft)) is a mountain pass in the Ariège department of the French Pyrenees, located on the secondary road D25 between Mijanès (south-east) and Ax-les-Thermes (west).

*Port de Pailhères* (elevation 1,963 m (6,440 ft)) is located nearby, 400 m southwest. It is the lowest point between the valleys but from there the road D25 to Mijanès direction runs via the Col de Pailhères.

## Details of climb

Starting from Mijanes, the Col de Pailhères is 10.6 km (6.6 mi) long. Over this distance, the climb is 871 m (2,858 ft) (an average gradient of 8.2%) with a maximum gradient of 10.2%.

Starting from Ax-les-Thermes, the Col de Pailhères is 18.6 km (11.6 mi) long. Over this distance, the climb is 1,281 m (4,203 ft), (an average gradient of 6.9%) with a maximum gradient of 10.4% near the summit.

## Tour de France

The climb has been used in five stages of the Tour de France cycle race with its first appearance coming in 2003. In 2013, it was used on the eighth stage, when the riders also competed for the Souvenir Henri Desgrange.

### Appearances in Tour de France

| Year | Stage | Category | Start | Finish | Leader at the summit |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2013 |  | HC | Castres | Ax-3 Domaines | Nairo Quintana (COL) |
| 2010 | 14 | HC | Revel | Ax-3 Domaines | Christophe Riblon (FRA) |
| 2007 | 14 | HC | Mazamet | Plateau-de-Beille | Rubén Pérez (ESP) |
| 2005 | 14 | HC | Agde | Ax-3 Domaines | Georg Totschnig (AUT) |
| 2003 | 13 | 1 | Toulouse | Ax-3 Domaines | Carlos Sastre (ESP) |

## InfoBox

| Col de Pailhères | |
| --- | --- |
| Sign at Mijanès at the start of the Col de Pailhères | |
| Elevation | 2,001 m (6,565 ft) |
| Traversed by | D25 |
| Location | Ariège, France |
| Range | Pyrenees |
| Coordinates | 42°44′0″N 01°59′33″E / 42.73333°N 1.99250°E / 42.73333; 1.99250 |
| Col de PailhèresLocation in the Pyrenees | |


title: Port de Venasque

abstract: The Port de Venasque is a mountain pass in the Pyrenees. It lies on the border between France and Spain and is a popular border crossing point for mountaineers and walkers. It can be reached in about two to three hours from the Hospice de France, South of Bagnères-de-Luchon in France.

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# Port de Venasque

The **Port de Venasque** (8,018 feet (2,444 m)) is a mountain pass in the Pyrenees. It lies on the border between France and Spain and is a popular border crossing point for mountaineers and walkers. It can be reached in about two to three hours from the Hospice de France, South of Bagnères-de-Luchon in France.

## InfoBox

| Port de Venasque | |
| --- | --- |
| Port de Vénasque in 1875 by Eugène Trutat | |
| Elevation | 2,444 m (8,018 ft) |
| Location | FranceSpain border |
| Range | Pyrenees |
| Coordinates | 42°41′33″N 0°38′27″E / 42.69250°N 0.64083°E / 42.69250; 0.64083 |
| Port de VenasqueLocation of Port de Venasque | |


title: Port of Savannah

abstract: The Port of Savannah is a major U.S. seaport located at Savannah, Georgia. As of 2021, the port was the third busiest seaport in the United States. Its facilities for oceangoing vessels line both sides of the Savannah River and are approximately 18 miles (29 km) from the Atlantic Ocean. Operated by the Georgia Ports Authority (GPA), the Port of Savannah competes primarily with the Port of Charleston in Charleston, South Carolina to the northeast, and the Port of Jacksonville in Jacksonville, Florida to the south. The GPA operates one other Atlantic seaport in Georgia, the Port of Brunswick. The state also manages three interior ports linked to the Gulf of Mexico: Port Bainbridge, Port Columbus, and a facility at Cordele, Georgia linked by rail to the Port of Savannah. In the 1950s, the Port of Savannah was the only facility to see an increase in trade while the country experienced a decline in trade of 5%. It was chaired and led by engineer Dr. Blake Van Leer. Between 2000 and 2005 alone, the Port of Savannah was the fastest-growing seaport in the United States, with a compounded annual growth rate of 16.5 percent. On July 30, 2007, the GPA announced that the Port of Savannah had a record year in fiscal 2007, becoming the fourth-busiest and fastest-growing container terminal in the U.S. As of 2021, the port was third busiest seaport in the United States. The GPA handled more than 2.3 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) of container traffic during fiscal 2007–a 14.5 percent increase and a new record for containers handled at the Port of Savannah. In the past five years, the port's container traffic has jumped 55 percent from 1.5 million TEU handled in fiscal 2003 to 2.3 million TEU in fiscal 2007. By 2014, container traffic was up to 3 million TEU. In 2018, the Port handled a record 4.35 million TEU, a 7.5 percent increase over 2017. In response to the growth in traffic at both Savannah and the Port of Charleston, the Jasper Ocean Terminal, which would be the largest port in the country if it is completed, is planned to be built upriver on the Savannah River by the mid-2020s.

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# Port of Savannah

The **Port of Savannah** is a major U.S. seaport located at Savannah, Georgia. As of 2021, the port was the third busiest seaport in the United States. Its facilities for oceangoing vessels line both sides of the Savannah River and are approximately 18 miles (29 km) from the Atlantic Ocean. Operated by the Georgia Ports Authority (GPA), the Port of Savannah competes primarily with the Port of Charleston in Charleston, South Carolina to the northeast, and the Port of Jacksonville in Jacksonville, Florida to the south. The GPA operates one other Atlantic seaport in Georgia, the Port of Brunswick. The state also manages three interior ports linked to the Gulf of Mexico: Port Bainbridge, Port Columbus, and a facility at Cordele, Georgia linked by rail to the Port of Savannah. In the 1950s, the Port of Savannah was the only facility to see an increase in trade while the country experienced a decline in trade of 5%. It was chaired and led by engineer Dr. Blake Van Leer (who also led the US Corps of Engineers).

Between 2000 and 2005 alone, the Port of Savannah was the fastest-growing seaport in the United States, with a compounded annual growth rate of 16.5 percent (the national average is 9.7 percent). On July 30, 2007, the GPA announced that the Port of Savannah had a record year in fiscal 2007, becoming the fourth-busiest and fastest-growing container terminal in the U.S. As of 2021, the port was third busiest seaport in the United States. The GPA handled more than 2.3 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) of container traffic during fiscal 2007–a 14.5 percent increase and a new record for containers handled at the Port of Savannah. In the past five years, the port's container traffic has jumped 55 percent from 1.5 million TEU handled in fiscal 2003 to 2.3 million TEU in fiscal 2007. By 2014, container traffic was up to 3 million TEU. In 2018, the Port handled a record 4.35 million TEU, a 7.5 percent increase over 2017.

In response to the growth in traffic at both Savannah and the Port of Charleston, the Jasper Ocean Terminal, which would be the largest port in the country if it is completed, is planned to be built upriver on the Savannah River by the mid-2020s.

## Major facilities

5km
3miles 2  1 Port of Savannah terminal locations
1 Ocean Terminal
2 Garden City Terminal

The Port of Savannah was unable to accommodate further terminal growth, which caused it to develop satellite terminal facilities and inland distribution. These facilities include:

* **Garden City Terminal:** Owned and operated by the GPA, the Garden City Terminal is a secured, dedicated container terminal, the largest single-operator container terminal in North America. The 1,345-acre (5 km2) facility features 9,693 feet (2,955 m) of continuous berthing and more than 1.1 million square feet (104,000 m2) of covered storage. The terminal is equipped with thirty-six high-speed container cranes (30 super post-Panamax and 6 post-Panamax), as well as an extensive inventory of yard handling equipment.
* **Ocean Terminal:** Also owned and operated by the GPA, the Ocean Terminal is a secured, dedicated breakbulk facility specializing in the rapid and efficient handling of a vast array of forest and solid wood products, steel, RoRo (Roll-on / Roll-off), project shipments and heavy-lift cargoes. The 200.8-acre (0.8 km2) facility features 3,599 feet (1,099 m) of deepwater berthing, approximately 1.425 million square feet (133,000 m2) of covered storage and 99 acres (401,000 m2) of open, versatile storage.
* **SeaPoint Industrial Terminal Complex:** In 2014, Savannah-based Dulany Industries, Inc. reached an agreement with Greenfield Environmental Savannah Trust LLC to buy the 1,600-acre former site of Kerr McGee and Tronox off East President Street, to develop the SeaPoint Complex, a sustainable multi-use industrial complex with the first privately owned commercial berth on the main shipping channel of the Savannah River.
* **Target Corporation Facility:** On September 21, 2005, Governor Sonny Perdue announced that Target Corporation has decided to build a two-million-square-foot import warehouse at the Savannah River International Trade Park, located four miles (6 km) from the Garden City Terminal at the Port of Savannah. The import warehouse opened on June 8, 2007, and handles overseas cargo and merchandise for Target Corporation's Southeast stores.
* **IKEA Facility:** On December 13, 2005, Perdue and IKEA would build a 1,700,000-square-foot (160,000 m2) distribution center on 115 acres (0.5 km2) at the Savannah River International Trade Park. The first phase of the project consists of a 685,000-square-foot (63,600 m2) facility, which opened on June 27, 2007. The company also plans to expand the initial facility by approximately 975,000 square feet (90,600 m2) in the future.
* **Heineken USA Facility:** Heineken USA opened a distribution center in February 2008 that was built with the capacity to handle 4,000 containers a year, the equivalent of 7 million cases of Heineken and Amstel brand beverages. This location acts as the port of call for distributors in Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky and Alabama.
* **Savannah Port Terminal Railroad**, a railroad that links the terminal facilities to the Genesee & Wyoming railroad.

## Maersk Line

On April 10, 2007, Maersk Line reported that the line has added the Port of Savannah to its MECL2 service. With the addition, Maersk Line now has five services calling on the Port of Savannah. The MECL2 service will increase Savannah's trade with India, the Middle East and the Mediterranean basin. In 2006, Maersk Line and the GPA signed a twenty-year agreement that would make the Port of Savannah one of its primary ports of call in the South Atlantic. The MECL2 service provides direct service from Chennai/Madras, India, to act as transshipment hub for cargo to and from Visakhapatnam, Calcutta/Haldia, and Bangladesh.

## Suez Express and East Coast Savannah Express

On June 5, 2007, APL announced that it would have two new all-water services to the Port of Savannah, one via the Suez Canal and one via the Panama Canal. The weekly Suez Express (SZX) will provide increased capacity via Savannah to and from India and Southeast Asia, deploying eight vessels. The SZX, which will originate in Singapore, calls on Colombo, Sri Lanka, before Savannah and then returns via Jebel Ali, Port Klang and then Singapore. It takes 25 days for the SZX service to transit from Singapore to Savannah. The weekly East Coast Savannah Express (ESX), will provide increased capacity between south and central China and Savannah. The ESX will offer a transit time of 22 days from Hong Kong to Savannah, making this service the fastest available to the U.S. East Coast. The ESX originates in Ningbo then call on Shanghai, Chiwan, Hong Kong, Panama and then Savannah, New York, Norfolk, Panama and back to Ningbo.

### Port in the 1930s

## InfoBox

| Port of Savannah | |
| --- | --- |
| View of the Garden City Terminal and other port-related facilities to the left of the Savannah River | |
| Click on the map for a fullscreen view | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States of America |
| Location | Georgia, U.S.A. |
| Coordinates | 32°07′43″N 81°09′07″W / 32.128705°N 81.151907°W / 32.128705; -81.151907 |
| UN/LOCODE | USSAV |
| Details | |
| Opened | 1744 |
| Owned by | Georgia Ports Authority |
| Type of harbour | river natural |
| Draft depth | Depth 47 feet (14 m) |
| Air draft | 185 feet, restricted by Talmadge Memorial Bridge |
| Statistics | |
| Annual cargo tonnage | 37.77 million (FY2020) |
| **Website**
https://gaports.com/facilities/port-of-savannah/ | |


title: Portland Art Museum

abstract: The Portland Art Museum (PAM) is an art museum in downtown Portland, Oregon, United States. The Portland Art Museum has 240,000 square feet, with more than 112,000 square feet of gallery space. The museum’s permanent collection has over 42,000 works of art. PAM features a center for Native American art, a center for Northwest art, a center for modern and contemporary art, permanent exhibitions of Asian art, and an outdoor public sculpture garden. The Northwest Film Center is also a component of Portland Art Museum. The museum is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums, with accreditation through 2024.

text:
# Portland Art Museum

The **Portland Art Museum** (PAM) is an art museum in downtown Portland, Oregon, United States. The Portland Art Museum has 240,000 square feet (22,000 m2), with more than 112,000 square feet (10,400 m2) of gallery space. The museum’s permanent collection has over 42,000 works of art. PAM features a center for Native American art, a center for Northwest art, a center for modern and contemporary art, permanent exhibitions of Asian art, and an outdoor public sculpture garden. The Northwest Film Center is also a component of Portland Art Museum.

The museum is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums, with accreditation through 2024.

## Founding

Incorporated as the **Portland Art Association**, in 1892, seven business and cultural leaders in the city formed an association towards the development of an art museum for the city of Portland, then approaching 50,000 residents. Henry Corbett donated $10,000 to the association that funded the museum's first collection (the Corbett Collection), which consisted of one hundred plaster casts of Greek and Roman sculptures. The individual pieces of the collection were selected by Winslow B. Ayer and his wife during a trip to Europe. Curators at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Museum of Fine Arts advised the Ayers prior to the trip on what pieces to select. The collection was originally displayed at the Multnomah County Library located at Southwest Seventh and Stark streets in downtown Portland.

## Early history

By the time of the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition held in Portland in 1905, the Portland Art Association had outgrown its location in the public library and had moved into its own building at SW 5th and Taylor. The first exhibition in the new building featured watercolors and paintings that had come to Portland as part of the 1905 Exposition. Curator Henrietta H. Failing (the niece of founder Henry Failing) organized the exhibition with New England artist Frank DuMond.

In 1908, the museum acquired its first original piece of art, *Afternoon Sky, Harney Desert* by American impressionist painter Childe Hassam, who frequented Malheur and Harney counties in Eastern Oregon with his friend, C.E.S. Wood.

Anna Belle Crocker succeeded Henrietta Failing as curator in 1909, where she remained until her retirement in 1936. Crocker was an important early figure on the association and was the first head of the Museum Art School,( opened in 1909 and now the Pacific Northwest College of Art).

In late 1913, the museum hosted one of its most important early exhibitions. The exhibition featured artwork that had been on display earlier that year at the famous 1913 New York Armory Show, which introduced American audiences to modern art. The exhibition included works by Cézanne, Van Gogh, Gauguin, Matisse, Manet, Renoir, and the controversial *Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2* by Marcel Duchamp.

The museum continued to grow during the years following World War I. In the 1920s, the museum hosted two memorable exhibitions organized by Sally Lewis, the daughter of a prominent Portland family. Lewis had befriended many well-known artists on trips to New York and Europe. In 1923, Lewis organized an exhibition at the museum that included 44 paintings by Picasso, Matisse, André Derain and American modernists, such as Maurice Prendergast, Charles Burchfield, and Max Weber. She was also one of 22 patrons who purchased Derain's *Tree* for the museum's permanent collection. The success of her first exhibition led to her second, more daring endeavor a year later that juxtaposed paintings, drawings, and sculptures from Europe with African masks. Among the sculptures was Brâncuși's *A Muse*, which Lewis owned and donated to the museum in 1959.

## Beginnings

The museum's final location opened to the public on November 18, 1932, at the corner of SW Park Avenue and Jefferson Street. The building was designed by architect Pietro Belluschi. It is situated along downtown Portland's South Park Blocks and remains a landmark in the city's Cultural District. It was constructed with a lead gift of $100,000 from Winslow B. Ayer, the same patron who selected the museum's collection of plaster casts 40 years earlier. For this reason, the original portion of today's larger main building is referred to as the Ayer Wing. Belluschi's design was modernist, with an unornamented exterior that reflected Belluschi's belief that the design of the building should emphasize the artwork to be exhibited inside of it rather than emphasize the structure itself.

In April 1938, the museum was registered as a tax exempt nonprofit organization.

That same year, construction began on a new wing expansion project. The Hirsch Wing, also designed by Belluschi, was funded largely through the bequest of Ella Hirsch in honor of her parents, Solomon and Josephine Hirsch. The new wing opened on September 15, 1939, and doubled the museum's gallery space.

## Post war

In 1942, the Portland Art Museum celebrated a subdued 50th Anniversary due to World War II. But the following year in 1943, staff completed the museum's first full inventory, which counted a permanent collection of 3,300 objects and 750 works on long-term loan.

The next decade was distinguished by a series of record-setting exhibitions. In 1956, nearly 55,000 visitors came to the museum during the six-week run of an exhibition featuring paintings from the collection of Walter Chrysler. The exhibition was organized by the Portland Art Museum and toured nine other cities. More than 80,000 people visited for a Vincent van Gogh exhibition in 1959, the proceeds from which were used to purchase a 1915 *Water Lilies* (catalog #1795) by Claude Monet. The 1950s also witnessed the creation of the museum's Docent Council in 1955, which created a core group of volunteers who continue to serve the museum to this day.

In the 1960s, the museum underwent another major renovation to build the Hoffman Memorial Wing, named for L. Hawley Hoffman (1884-1959; son of Portland-based artist and arts patron Julia Christiansen Hoffman), who served as president of the museum twice. Funded by the museum's first capital campaign, the new wing began construction in November 1968 and was finished in September 1970. Pietro Belluschi served as the architect again, and the project allowed him to realize a complete vision for the museum that he had conceived nearly 40 years earlier. The expansion created classroom and studio space for the Museum Art School, a sculpture mall, a new vault for the collections, and an auditorium.

Over the course of the next several decades, the collections and programs of the Portland Art Museum continued to grow and evolve. In 1978, Vivian and Gordon Gilkey began their association with the museum, bringing with them an extraordinary collection of thousands of works on paper that would eventually lead to the opening of the Vivian and Gordon Gilkey Center for Graphic Arts in 1993. Also in 1978, the Northwest Film Center was incorporated into the museum, offering a wide range of film festivals, classes, and outreach programs focused on the moving image arts.

## Modern era

The Portland Art Museum purchased the neighboring Masonic Temple in 1992. A capital campaign to finance a refurbishment of the Main Building began in 1994. The project improved the galleries, reinstalled the permanent collection, and equipped the building with a climate control system. After the refurbishment was completed, PAM hosted *Imperial Tombs of China*, which brought 430,000 visitors to the museum.

PAM renovated the former Masonic temple, renamed it the Mark Building, and opened it to the public in 1995. The renovated building holds the six-floor, 28,000-square-foot (2,600 m2) Jubitz Center for Modern and Contemporary Art. The Mark Building also houses the 33,000 volume Crumpacker Family Library, meeting spaces, ballrooms, and administrative offices.

A major renovation of the Hoffman Wing was completed in 2000 and added more than 50,000 square feet (5,000 m2) of new gallery space to the museum which included the Grand Ronde Center for Native American Art and the Arlene and Harold Schnitzer Center for Northwest Art. The renovation was funded by a $45 million capital campaign.

In 2001, PAM purchased the private collection of New York art critic Clement Greenberg consisting of 159 works by artists such as Kenneth Noland, Jules Olitski, and Anthony Caro.

In 2007, the museum acquired Vincent van Gogh's 1884 painting *The Ox-Cart* by donation.

In December 2013, Francis Bacon's *Three Studies of Lucian Freud* went on display for three months after it was sold at auction.

In 2016, the Portland Art Museum announced that it would undertake a glass-walled expansion to unite its two existing free-standing buildings. The Rothko Pavilion addition, was the result of a partnership with Mark Rothko’s children, Christopher Rothko and Kate Rothko Prizel, and an agreement they will provide loans of major Rothko paintings from their private collection over the course of the next two decades.

Recent acquisitions include photographs, a few negatives, and color pencil sketches by the Los Angeles photographer Ray McSavaney.

The Portland Art Museum has a collection consisting of approximately 40,000 objects. In 2006, Brian Ferriso was appointed the museum's director.

## Artworks

The museum has a collection of over 40,000 objects and works of art. Among them:

## Oregon Biennial

The **Oregon Biennial** was a biennial art exhibition held every two years at PAM. In 2007, it was replaced by the Contemporary Northwest Art Awards or CNAA, which will be held every two years and covers artists in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Wyoming and Montana selected from a shortlist of artists. One artist from the CNAA show will be awarded the $10,000 Arlene Schnitzer Prize.

## Crumpacker Family Library

The Crumpacker Family Library, founded with the museum in 1892, contains over 40,000 catalogued items.

## InfoBox

Portland Art Museum
| The Portland Art Museum in 2019 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Established | 1892 |
| Location | 1219 SW Park Avenue
Portland, Oregon, U.S. |
| Coordinates | 45°30′58″N 122°41′01″W / 45.5162°N 122.6835°W / 45.5162; -122.6835 |
| Type | Art museum |
| Accreditation | American Alliance of Museums |
| Visitors | 445,000 (2002) |
| Director | Brian J. Ferriso |
| Website | portlandartmuseum.org |
|  | |
| Portland Art Museum | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| Portland Historic Landmark | |
|  | |
| Area | 1 acre (0.40 ha) |
| Built | 1932 |
| Architect | Pietro Belluschi |
| Architectural style | Modernist |
| NRHP reference No. | 74001710 |
| Added to NRHP | December 31, 1974 |
|  | |


title: Portland Basin (geology)

abstract:
The Portland Basin is a roughly 770-square-mile (2,000 km⁲) topographic and structural depression in the central Puget-Willamette Lowland. The Portland Basin is
approximately 40 miles (64 km) long and 20 miles (32 km) wide, with its long axis oriented northwest. Studies indicate that as much as 1,800 feet (550 m) of late Miocene and younger sediments have accumulated in the deepest part of the basin near Vancouver. Most of the basin-fill material was carried in from the east by the Columbia River.

text:
# Portland Basin (geology)

The **Portland Basin** is a roughly 770-square-mile (2,000 km2) topographic and structural depression in the central Puget-Willamette Lowland. The **Portland Basin** is approximately 40 miles (64 km) long and 20 miles (32 km) wide, with its long axis oriented northwest. Studies indicate that as much as 1,800 feet (550 m) of late Miocene and younger sediments have accumulated in the deepest part of the basin near Vancouver. Most of the basin-fill material was carried in from the east by the Columbia River.

1. Beeson, M.H., Tolan, T.L., and Anderson, J.L., 1989, The Columbia River Basalt Group in Western Oregon; Geologic Structures and other Factors that Controlled Flow Emplacement Patterns, in Reidel, ap. and Hooper, P.R., eds., Volcanism and tectonism in the Columbia River flood-basalt province, Geologic Society of America Special Paper 239, p223-246
2. Evarts, Russell C., 2004, Geologic Map of the boy Quadrangle, Clark and Cowlitz Counties, Washington, U.S. Geological Survey
3. Liberty, L.M., Hemphill-Haley, M.A., and Madin, I.P., 2003, The Portland Hills Fault –uncovering a hidden fault in Portland, Oregon using high-resolution geophysical methods, Tectonphysics, v.368. p. 89-103