title: Córdoba Congress

abstract: The Córdoba Congress was the Third Congress of the Spanish Regional Federation of the International Workingmen's Association (FRE-AIT). It was held in Córdoba between December 25, 1872 and January 3, 1873, just one month before King Amadeo I abdicated and the First Spanish Republic was subsequently proclaimed. Like what happened in the Hague Congress of 1872, the definitive rupture between anarchists, the majority, and Marxists, the minority, who no longer attended the Congress, was confirmed.

text:
# Córdoba Congress

The **Córdoba Congress** was the Third Congress of the Spanish Regional Federation of the International Workingmen's Association (FRE-AIT). It was held in Córdoba between December 25, 1872 and January 3, 1873, just one month before King Amadeo I abdicated and the First Spanish Republic was subsequently proclaimed. Like what happened in the Hague Congress of 1872, the definitive rupture between anarchists, the majority, and Marxists, the minority, who no longer attended the Congress, was confirmed.

## Background

The conflict that arose in the Madrid Federation between anarchists and Marxists dealt with by the Zaragoza Congress reappeared two months after its closure when on June 2 the latter sent all sections of the International Alliance of Socialist Democracy a circular in which they announced that the Madrid section was self-dissolving and invited the rest to do the same. For this reason they were once again expelled from the Madrid Federation, but this time the Federal Council did not intervene because it was precisely the Alliance members who predominated. This attitude led to the resignation of Anselmo Lorenzo on June 20 from his post on the Federal Council.

The nine expelled, along with five other affiliates, decided to constitute the "New Madrid Federation", subsequently requesting its recognition by the Federal Council, but it was denied by the Federal Council, despite the fact that it received the adhesion of other Federations. Then the London General Council intervened and accepted the New Madrid Federation as a member of the IWA, independently of the Spanish Regional Federation (FRE). Shortly after, between September 2 and 7, the Hague Congress of 1872 was held in which the definitive break between Marxists and anarchists was to take place. The Marxist split in the FRE was only followed by a dozen local federations, made up of about 200 militants, while the rest of the federations, some 150 with 15,000 members, remained faithful to the "apolitical" anarchist line.

The four FRE representatives who came to The Hague were anarchists - Farga Pellicer, Morago, Marselau (a former religious republican who would end up in the ranks of the Carlists) and Alerini (a refugee from the Paris Commune). Representing the New Madrid Federation were Paul Lafargue —who would no longer return to Spain— and the director of the newspaper *La Emancipación*, José Mesa. In Congress, the Marxist theses approved in previous congresses, such as those relating to "the constitution of the proletariat into a political party" and the connection between the economic struggle and the political struggle, were ratified by a large majority. The four FRE delegates aligned themselves with the anarchists, so when Congress decided to expel Mikhail Bakunin and his Swiss ally James Guillaume from the International for not having dissolved the International Alliance of Socialist Democracy, as they had committed and signed together with other delegates a manifesto showing their disagreement. All of them, including Giuseppe Fanelli and Errico Malatesta, decided to meet in Saint-Imier to hold a separate Congress in which they rejected the expulsion of Bakunin and Guillaume, did not recognize the General Council appointed in The Hague and approved a resolution that collected the anarchist theses and that contradicted the policy defended by the International by insisting that "the destruction of all political power is the first duty of the proletariat ..." "Any allegedly provisional and revolutionary political power… can only be a hoax.” It was also agreed that the regional federations would interact with each other outside of the General Council, with which they were in fact separated from the International. In this way the anarchist split of the International Workingmen's Association was consummated.

## Development

The Córdoba Congress was scheduled for April 1873 but the Federal Council decided to advance it and was held it between December 25, 1872 and January 3, 1873. 46 delegates met at the Moratín Theater in Córdoba — plus five members of the Council, among them Severino Albarracín and Francisco Tomás Oliver \- who represented 42 local Federations and 10 trade unions — at that time the FRE counted some 29,000 members. The largest federation was that of Barcelona, which then had about 7,000 members, followed by other Catalan federations (Sants, Sant Martí de Provençals) and that of Alcoy — the latter with some 2,000 affiliates. The "authoritarian" New Madrid Federation, formed around the newspaper *La Emancipación* or the federations linked to it, such as those of Lleida and Zaragoza, did not attend.

The socio-professional composition of the delegates was as follows: 10 weavers and spinners; 5 carpenters; 4 bricklayers; 4 paperists; 3 agricultural workers; 2 students; 2 painters; 2 beds; 2 cabinetmakers; 2 shoe racks; 2 smelters; 2 adjusters; 2 locksmiths; 2 hatters; 1 tanner; 1 cooper; 1 rope maker; 1 printer (Farga Pellicer); 1 baker; 1 recorder; 1 cylinder; 1 marble maker; 1 teacher; 1 primary school teacher.

> The resolution that obliges the internationalists to establish themselves as a political party and that declares that the first duty of the proletariat is the conquest of political power, the commission considers contrary to the broad base of the International Workingmen's Association, which aims to collect in its bosom of redemption to all those who suffer the injustices of the present Society, because far from tending to unite the efforts of all those who are interested in emancipation, it tends to alienate and repudiate all those who are not in agreement with the political program that the general council or a congress were pleased to elaborate. The commission also believes that by affirming that "the first duty of the proletariat is the conquest of political power" is to declare that social unrest, that is, social injustices, come from the evil of governments; and it is to deny or hide that they have their origin in the institutions of the present society, of which they are natural emanations of the political powers. To consign this first duty to the working class, is to deny all the considerations of the General Statutes of the International, and is to distract the working class from the path that to achieve its emancipation it must follow, and which is to tend to destroy all powers and not to conquer them; for if it were to conquer it for itself, it would only do what all classes have done up to now, and it would be completely unaware of its great mission of realizing justice, at the same time as for it, for all humanity.
> If the working class did so, it would seek and obtain the destruction of the existing privileges in order to become privileged; but it would not destroy all privileges, and would therefore lack the motto that is written on its flag, which reads: "We do not want privileges even for ourselves"

Opinion of the Congress on the "attitude of the Regional Federation in view of international congresses of The Hague and Saint-Imier".

The Congress rejected the "authoritarian" resolutions of the Hague Congress and accused the General Council of trying to create a political party led by the bourgeoisie and mediated by supporters of Marx, members of the "authoritarian communist party." Instead it passed the "anti-authoritarian" resolutions of the St. Imier Congress, aligning itself completely with the new Anarchist International. In coherence with its proclaimed "anti-authoritarianism", it was decided to abolish the Federal Council and replace it with a Correspondence and Statistics Commission based in Alcoy, formed by Severino Albarracín (teacher high school), Francisco Tomás Oliver (bricklayer), Miguel Pino (adjuster, from Ciudad Real) and Vicente Fombuena (foundry, from Alcoy). Later, the five regional secretaries appointed by the respective local federations were integrated into the Commission.

In Congress, the "new" federations formed by the Marxists were roundly condemned for considering that they "work against the aims of the International, help the bourgeoisie, giving it so much strength against the proletariat and against the true social revolution like the one they manage to extract from the bosom of the Spanish Regional Federation". They also advised "all sincerely revolutionary workers, whatever their particular opinions, \[to\] return with them to the bosom of their respective Sections to fight for their victory and to contribute to the most important of all, that is, to the triumph of the cause of the work on capital, and that they leave in the void those who voluntarily and intentionally want to continue being constituted in a group of damaging divisions that would weaken us."

Consequently, Congress "unanimously" supported the decision of the Madrid Federation to expel the Marxist group from *La Emancipación* \- whose conduct was "anathematized", recognizing "pretensions and bad faith" - and which subsequently had founded the New Madrid Federation.

In addition, Congress approved a resolution in defense of the Alliance of Socialist Democracy, in which those who had belonged to it abstained (among others Rafael Farga Pellicer, Tomás González Morago, José García Viñas, Francisco Tomás Oliver), and that said:

> …that there has been no more than an active and fruitful propaganda of the collectivist and anarchic ideas that the Association wishes, and therefore \[the Commission\] also recognizes the conduct of the allianceist allies as good, since the generality of those who to said Association belonged to those who have done the most work for the International, contributing to its development; and above all, this Commission recalls that one of the most important acts of the Spanish Federation was its birth, and this was due to the activity and initiative that the Alliance's José Fanelli demonstrated to build the International in Spain; Therefore, until it has proven news of the acts carried out by said Association, to protect the bourgeoisie against the interests of the working class, in which case it would place it among the enemy societies of the worker.

An opinion was also approved on "Means to establish purely international schools in the greatest possible number of means" in which it was said that the "revolutionary socialist instruction of the worker \[is\] the lever that will remove and annihilate the old world by consolidating a complete revolution that, regenerating us from the yoke of ignorance, will pave the way for our complete social regeneration. The instruction that is convenient for us, and in general the instruction of all kinds, we must provide ourselves ... Obviously the teaching that is spreading in the present society is poisoned by the authoritarian, clerical and bourgeois virus — force, sham and exploitation — very useful to obtain the result we are witnessing: to make man the slave of man, intellectually, politically and economically."

## Consequences

Those expelled who formed the "New Madrid Federation" held a Congress in Toledo on March 25, 1873 to constitute the "New Spanish Federation", along with eleven other "new" local federations that had been formed in Cádiz, Zaragoza, Denia, Pont de Vilumara, Alcalá, Gràcia, Játiva, Gasteiz, Toledo, Valencia and Lleida, although only delegates from the last four attended. The following month it had to shut down the newspaper *La Emancipación* due to lack of resources, despite the efforts of José Mesa and Pablo Iglesias, and that Friedrich Engels had put money out of his own pocket. The last issue was published on April 12, 1873. "The Marxist group, lacking followers and without a spokesman to spread its doctrines, was condemned to a forced silence." The New Madrid Federation ended up dissolving shortly after. José Mesa, director of *La Emancipación*, sent Engels a letter shortly before the newspaper closed in which he said:

> I believe that any attempt to move immediately to the proletarian revolution in Spain will end in a massacre. I also believe that the bourgeois republic has a meaning here ... but we must not give the impression that we treat them \[republicans\] with moderation and above all we must not, not for a moment, deny that we aspire to carry out the social revolution, if we want to found a workers' party in Spain, since the people of this country are always on the side of the most active party.

## Bibliography

* Avilés Farré, Juan (2013). *La daga y la dinamita. Los anarquistas y el nacimiento del terrorismo* (in Spanish). Barcelona: Tusquets Editores. ISBN 978-84-8383-753-5.
* Lida, Clara E. (1973). *Antecedentes y desarrollo del movimiento obrero español (1835-1888). Textos y documentos* (in Spanish). Madrid: Siglo XXI. ISBN 84-323-0098-5.
* Termes, Josep (1977). *Anarquismo y sindicalismo en España. La Primera Internacional (1864-1881)* (in Spanish). Barcelona: Crítica. ISBN 84-7423-023-3.
* Termes, Josep (2011). *Historia del anarquismo en España (1870-1980)* (in Spanish). Barcelona: RBA. ISBN 978-84-9006-017-9.
* Tuñón de Lara, Manuel (1977) \[1972\]. *El movimiento obrero en la historia de España. I.1832-1899* (in Spanish) (2 ed.). Barcelona: Laia. ISBN 84-7222-331-0.

## InfoBox

Córdoba Congress
| Emblem of the FRE-AIT | |
| --- | --- |
| Native name | Congreso de Córdoba |
| Date | December 25, 1872 – January 3, 1873 (1872-12-25 1873-01-03) |
| Duration | 9 days |
| Venue | Moratín Theater |
| Location | Córdoba, Andalucía, Spain |
| Also known as | Third Congress of the FRE-AIT |
| Type | Congress |
| Cause |  |
| Motive | Reorganization of the Spanish Regional Federation |
| Organised by | Spanish Regional Federation of the International Workingmen's Association |
| Outcome |  |


abstract: The Czech Republic competed at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics from August 27 to September 4 in Daegu, South Korea.

text:
# Czech Republic at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics

The **Czech Republic** competed at the **2011 World Championships in Athletics** from August 27 to September 4 in Daegu, South Korea.

## Team selection

The Czech athletic federation will send a 21-member strong team (13 women and 8 men) into the event including world season leaders Barbora Špotáková (Javelin Throw) and Zuzana Hejnová (400m Hurdles) and European indoor medallists from Paris Denisa Rosolová (400m), Jaroslav Bába (High Jump) and Roman Šebrle (Decathlon).

The following athletes appeared on the preliminary Entry List, but not on the Official Start List of the specific event:

| **KEY:** | Did not participate | Competed in another event |
| --- | --- | --- |
|

|  | Event | Athlete |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Women** | 200 metres | Denisa Rosolová |
| | 4 x 400 metres relay | Kateřina Cachová |

## Medalists

The following competitor from the Czech Republic won a medal at the Championships

| Medal | Athlete | Event |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Silver | Barbora Špotáková | Javelin throw |
|

## Results

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | | Heats | | Semifinals | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time
Width
Height | Rank | Time
Width
Height | Rank | Time
Width
Height | Rank | Time
Width
Height | Rank |
| Pavel Maslák | 200 metres |  | | 20.63 **PB** | 11 **Q** | 20.87 | 14 | Did not advance | |
| Jaroslav Bába | High jump | 2.31 | 8 **Q** |  | | | | 2.32 | 4 |
| Jan Kudlička | Pole vault | 5.50 m | 12 **q** |  | | | | 5.65 **SB** | 9 |
| Jan Marcell | Shot put | 19.51 | 20 |  | | | | Did not advance | |
| Jan Marcell | Discus throw | 62.29 | 13 |  | | | | Did not advance | |
| Vítězslav Veselý | Javelin throw | 81.64 | 8 **q** |  | | | | 84.11 **SB** | 4 |
| Jakub Vadlejch | Javelin throw | 80.08 | 16 |  | | | | Did not advance | |
| Petr Frydrych | Javelin throw | 76.18 | 24 |  | | | | Did not advance | |

**Decathlon**

| Roman Šebrle | Decathlon |  | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Event | Results | Points | Rank |
|  | 100 m | 11.25 | 806 | 26 |
| | Long jump | 7.30 | 886 | 14 |
| | Shot put | 15.20 | 802 | 7 |
| | High jump | 2.05 | 850 | 4 |
| | 400 m | 51.18 **SB** | 761 | 24 |
| | 110 m hurdles | 14.75 **SB** | 880 | 18 |
| | Discus throw | 46.93 | 807 | 8 |
| | Pole vault | 4.80 | 849 | 13 |
| | Javelin throw | 67.28 | 848 | 5 |
| | 1500 m | 4:29.19 | 750 | 7 |
| **Total** |  | | 8069 | 13 |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | | Heats | | Semifinals | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time
Width
Height | Rank | Time
Width
Height | Rank | Time
Width
Height | Rank | Time
Width
Height | Rank |
| Denisa Rosolová | 400 metres |  | | 52.51 | 19 **Q** | 52.53 | 20 | Did not advance | |
| Lucie Škrobáková | 100 m hurdles |  | | 12.89 **SB** | 7 **Q** | 12.98 | 16 | Did not advance | |
| Zuzana Hejnová | 400 m hurdles |  | | 55.12 | 7 **Q** | 54.76 | 4 **Q** | 54.23 | 7 |
| Marcela Lustigová | 3000 metres steeplechase |  | | 10:12.54 | 30 |  | | Did not advance | |
| Denisa Rosolová
Zuzana Bergrová
Jitka Bartoničková
Zuzana Hejnová
 | 4 x 400 metres relay |  | | 3:26.01 **SB** | 8 **q** |  | | 3:26.57 | 7 |
| Lucie Pelantová | 20 kilometres walk |  | | | | | | 1:35:45 | 25 |
| Zuzana Schindlerová | 20 kilometres walk |  | | | | | | 1:39:57 | 34 |
| Jiřina Ptáčníková | Pole vault | 4.55 m | 5 **q** |  | | | | 4.65 **SB** | 7 |
| Věra Pospíšilová-Cechlová | Discus throw | 53.87 | 23 |  | | | | Did not advance | |
| Barbora Špotáková | Javelin throw | 63.40 | 4 **Q** |  | | | | 71.58 |  |
| Jarmila Klimešová | Javelin throw | 59.65 | 12 **q** |  | | | | 59.27 | 8 |

**Heptathlon**

| Kateřina Cachová | Heptathlon |  | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Event | Results | Points | Rank |
|  | 100 m hurdles | 13.81 **SB** | 1005 | 22 |
| | High jump | 1.77 | 941 | 18 |
| | Shot put | 11.64 | 637 | 26 |
| | 200 m | 25.36 | 854 | 19 |
| | Long jump | 5.97 | 840 | 22 |
| | Javelin throw | 43.98 | 744 | 11 |
| | 800 m | 2:15.43 | 887 | 15 |
| **Total** |  | | 5908 | 21 |

## InfoBox

| Czech Republic at the
2011 World Championships in Athletics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| WA code | CZE |
| National federation | Český atletický svaz |
| Website | www.atletika.cz |
| in Daegu | |
| Competitors | 21 |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 1 Bronze 0 Total 1 |
| World Championships in Athletics appearances | |
|  | |
|


title: Cyrtophloeba coquilletti

abstract: Cyrtophloeba coquilletti is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae. It is a parasitoid of Megalopyge crispata and Epiglaea apiata moths.

text:
# Cyrtophloeba coquilletti

***Cyrtophloeba coquilletti*** is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae. It is a parasitoid of *Megalopyge crispata* and *Epiglaea apiata* moths.

## Distribution

Canada, United States.

## InfoBox

| *Cyrtophloeba coquilletti* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tachinidae |
| Genus: | *Cyrtophloeba* |
| Species: | ***C. coquilletti*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cyrtophloeba coquilletti***<br>(Aldrich, 1926) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Cyrtophloeba nitida

abstract: Cyrtophloeba nitida is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

text:
# Cyrtophloeba nitida

***Cyrtophloeba nitida*** is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

## Distribution

Canada, United States.

## InfoBox

| *Cyrtophloeba nitida* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tachinidae |
| Subfamily: | Dexiinae |
| Tribe: | Voriini |
| Genus: | *Cyrtophloeba* |
| Species: | ***C. nitida*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cyrtophloeba nitida***<br>(Curran, 1930) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Cyrtophora

abstract: Cyrtophora, the tent-web spiders, is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1895. Although they are in the "orb weaver" family, they do not build orb webs. Their tent-like, highly complex non-sticky web is sometimes considered a precursor of the simplified orb web. These webs are aligned horizontally, with a network of supporting threads above them. These spiders often live in colonies. Females have a body length of mostly about 10 millimetres (0.39 in) long. Some members, including Cyrtophora cicatrosa, exhibit the ability to change colour rapidly. A kleptoparasitic spider was found to live in a mutualistic relationships with Cyrtophora species. Some of the species are considered social spiders, building large structures where the territories of the offspring are built along the margin of the mothers web.

text:
# Cyrtophora

***Cyrtophora***, the **tent-web spiders**, is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1895. Although they are in the "orb weaver" family, they do not build orb webs. Their tent-like, highly complex non-sticky web is sometimes considered a precursor of the simplified orb web. These webs are aligned horizontally, with a network of supporting threads above them. These spiders often live in colonies. Females have a body length of mostly about 10 millimetres (0.39 in) long. Some members, including *Cyrtophora cicatrosa*, exhibit the ability to change colour rapidly.

A kleptoparasitic spider (*Argyrodes fissifrons*) was found to live in a mutualistic relationships with *Cyrtophora* species. Some of the species are considered social spiders, building large structures where the territories of the offspring are built along the margin of the mothers web.

## Species

As of April 2019 it contains fifty-three species:

## InfoBox

| Tent-web spider | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Green tent-web spider | |
|  | |
| *Cyrtophora moluccensis* suspended beneath its web | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Araneidae |
| Subfamily: | Cyrtophorinae |
| Genus: | *Cyrtophora*
Simon, 1864 |
|
| Type species | |
| *C. citricola*
(Forsskål, 1775) | |
| Species | |
| 53, see text | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Suzumia* | |


title: Cəfərxan

abstract: Cəfərxan is a village in the Saatly Rayon of Azerbaijan.

text:
# Cəfərxan

**Cəfərxan** (also, **Dzhafarkhan**) is a village in the Saatly Rayon of Azerbaijan.

## Population

It has a population of 375.

It is the least populous municipality in the region.

## InfoBox

| Cəfərxan | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Cəfərxan | |
| Coordinates: 39°56′35″N 48°29′30″E / 39.94306°N 48.49167°E / 39.94306; 48.49167 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Rayon | Saatly |
| Population | |
| Total | 375 |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (AZT) |


title: Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road

abstract: Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road is a street in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It begins at the Décarie Expressway in Snowdon, part of the borough of Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, and runs east and southeast along the periphery of Mount Royal to Park Avenue in the Plateau, terminating near Mount Royal Avenue. In between, it crosses Outremont completely and is one of the oldest streets in the borough, having been present at the time Outremont was incorporated in 1875. Outremont's borough hall is located on this street, as is Beaubien Park. Further west in Côte-des-Neiges, it houses the Jewish General Hospital, the CHU Sainte-Justine hospital, Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf, the Montreal Holocaust Museum, and the Segal Centre for Performing Arts. The Montreal Metro provides ample coverage around the western portion of the street. Côte-Sainte-Catherine station on the Orange Line is located at its corner with Victoria Avenue, while the Blue Line runs a few blocks to the south, across the campus of the Université de Montréal.

text:
# Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road

**Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road** (officially in French: ***Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine***; known as *Boulevard Sainte-Marie* between 1911 and 1917) is a street in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It begins at the Décarie Expressway in Snowdon, part of the borough of Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, and runs east and southeast along the periphery of Mount Royal to Park Avenue in the Plateau, terminating near Mount Royal Avenue. In between, it crosses Outremont completely and is one of the oldest streets in the borough, having been present at the time Outremont was incorporated in 1875. Outremont's borough (formerly city) hall is located on this street, as is Beaubien Park. Further west in Côte-des-Neiges, it houses the Jewish General Hospital, the CHU Sainte-Justine hospital, Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf, the Montreal Holocaust Museum, and the Segal Centre for Performing Arts.

The Montreal Metro provides ample coverage around the western portion of the street. Côte-Sainte-Catherine station on the Orange Line is located at its corner with Victoria Avenue, while the Blue Line runs a few blocks to the south, across the campus of the Université de Montréal.

## Sources

* Ville de Montréal. Les rues de Montréal. Répertoire historique. Montréal. Méridien, 1995.

45°30′08″N 73°37′27″W / 45.502224°N 73.624229°W / 45.502224; -73.624229

## InfoBox

Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road
| Beaubien Park, located on Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road in Outremont | |
| --- | --- |
| Native name | *Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine* (French) |
| Former name(s) | Boulevard Sainte-Marie (1911-1917) |
| Length | 5.5 km (3.4 mi) |
| Location | Montreal |
| West end | A-15 Décarie Boulevard, Snowdon |
| East end | Avenue du Parc, Le Plateau-Mont-Royal |
| Construction | |
| Completion | before 1875 |
| Inauguration | 1917 (name changed from Boulevard Sainte-Marie) |


title: Cymenopterus

abstract:
Cymenopterus is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:
  - Cymenopterus perforatus
  - Cymenopterus vadoni

text:
# Cymenopterus

***Cymenopterus*** is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Cymenopterus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Subfamily: | Platyninae |
| Tribe: | Platynini |
| Subtribe: | Platynina |
| Genus: | *Cymenopterus*<br>Jeannel, 1948 |
|


title: Ornate dwarf gecko

abstract: The ornate dwarf gecko is a species of gecko endemic to Madagascar.

text:
# Ornate dwarf gecko

The **ornate dwarf gecko** (***Lygodactylus ornatus***) is a species of gecko endemic to Madagascar.

## InfoBox

| Ornate dwarf gecko | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Gekkonidae |
| Genus: | *Lygodactylus* |
| Species: | ***L. ornatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lygodactylus ornatus***
Pasteur, 1965 | |
|
|  | |


title: Oscar Taelman

abstract: Oscar Joseph Taelman was a rower who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics for Belgium. He competed as part of the Royal Club Nautique de Gand which won the silver medal in the eight.

text:
# Oscar Taelman

**Oscar Joseph Taelman** (5 October 1877 – 23 October 1945) was a rower who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics for Belgium. He competed as part of the Royal Club Nautique de Gand which won the silver medal in the eight.

## InfoBox

Oscar Taelman
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Oscar Joseph Taelman |
| Born | 5 October 1877
Ghent, Belgium |
| Died | 23 October 1945(1945-10-23) (aged 68)
Ghent, Belgium |
| Weight | 71 kg (157 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Rowing |
| Club | KRCG, Gent |
| Medal record      Men's rowing  Representing  Belgium  Olympic Games  1908 London  Eight  European Rowing Championships  1902 Strasbourg  Eight  1907 Strasbourg  Eight  1908 Lucerne  Coxed Four  1908 Lucerne  Eight | |


title: Orono Field Aerodrome

abstract: Orono Field Aerodrome is located 1.2 nautical miles southeast of Orono, Ontario, Canada.

text:
# Orono Field Aerodrome

**Orono Field Aerodrome** (TC LID: **COR3**) is located 1.2 nautical miles (2.2 km; 1.4 mi) southeast of Orono, Ontario, Canada.

## InfoBox

| Orono Field Aerodrome | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Private |
| Operator | Paul Koukidis |
| Location | Orono, Ontario |
| Time zone | EST (UTC−05:00) |
| Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC−04:00) |
| Elevation AMSL | 590 ft / 180 m |
| Coordinates | 43°58′22″N 078°35′22″W / 43.97278°N 78.58944°W / 43.97278; -78.58944 |
| Map | |
| COR3Location in OntarioCOR3COR3 (Canada) | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  18/36 1,467 447 Grass | |
| Source: Canada Flight Supplement | |


# Czech Republic at the 2020 Summer Paralympics

The Czech Republic competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan, from 24 August to 5 September 2021.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Gold | David Drahonínský | Archery | Men's individual W1 | 30 August |
| Gold | Adam Peška | Boccia | Mixed individual BC3 | 1 September |
| Silver | Šárka Musilová
David Drahonínský | Archery | Mixed team W1 | 28 August |
| Silver | Šárka Musilová | Archery | Women's individual W1 | 1 September |
| Silver | Arnošt Petráček | Swimming | Men's 50 metre backstroke S4 | 3 September |
| Bronze | Aleš Kisý | Athletics | Men's shot put F53 | 29 August |
| Bronze | Petr Svatoš
Jiři Suchánek | Table tennis | Men's team – Class 3 | 1 September |
| Bronze | Anna Luxova | Athletics | Women's shot put F35 | 2 September |

## Archery

Tereza Brandtlová, David Drahonínský, Václav Košťál and Šárka Musilová have all qualified to compete.

| Athlete | Event | Ranking round | | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final / BM | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Score | Seed | Opposition
Score | Opposition
Score | Opposition
Score | Opposition
Score | Opposition
Score | Rank |
| **David Drahonínský** | Men's Individual W1 | 651 | 2 |  | Bye | Perilo (BRA)
**W** 140-129 | Zandi (IRI)
**W** 139-131 | Türkmenoğlu (TUR)
**W** 142-141 |  |
| Václav Košťál | Men's Individual recurve | 590 | 22 | Ueyama (JPN)
**W** 6-0 | Kim (KOR)
**L** 2-6 | did not advance | | | |
| Tereza Brandtlová | Women's Individual W1 | 590 | 6 |  | Okazaki (JPN)
**L** 115-126 | did not advance | | | |
| **Šárka Musilová** | | 589 | 7 |  | Krutova (RPC)
**W** 1289-1288 | Liu (CHN)
**W** 128-124 | Rumary (GBR)
**W** 127-107 | Chen (CHN)
**L** 131-142 |  |
| **Šárka Musilová
David Drahonínský** | Mixed team W1 | 1240 | 2 |  | | Brazil (BRA)
**W** 131-126 | South Korea (KOR)
**W** 141-126 | China (CHN)
**L** 132-138 |  |

## Athletics

Eva Datinská, Michal Enge, Tereza Jakschová, Aleš Kisý, Anna Luxová and František Serbus have all qualified to compete.

Men's field

| Athlete | Event | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank |
| Michal Enge | Men's Club throw T51 | 26.75 | 7 |
| **Aleš Kisý** | Men's Shot put F53 | 8.25 |  |
| František Serbus | Men's Club throw T32 | 32.53 | 7 |

Women's track

| Athlete | Event | Heats | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Tereza Jakschová | Women's 100 m T47 | 12.95 | 6 | did not advance | |
| | Women's 200 m T47 | 26.81 | 4 | did not advance | |
| Anna Luxová | Women's 100 m T35 | 17.60 | 5 | did not advance | |

Women's field

| Athlete | Event | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank |
| Eva Datinská | Women's Discus throw T37 | 11.18 | 5 |
| | Women's Shot put T38 | 21.31 | 9 |
| **Anna Luxová** | Women's Shot put T35 | 8.60 |  |

## Boccia

Kateřina Cuřínová and Adam Peška both qualified in individual BC1 & BC3 events respectively.

| Athlete | Event | Group stage | | | | | Quarterfinal | Semifinal | Final / BM | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition
Score | Opposition
Score | Opposition
Score | Opposition
Score | Rank | Opposition
Score | Opposition
Score | Opposition
Score | Rank |
| Kateřina Cuřínová | Individual BC1 | Joon (KOR)
**L** 2-8 | Huadpradit (THA)
**L** 4-9 | de Oliveira (BRA)
**W** 3-1 | Chew (MAS)
**L** 0-11 | 4 | did not advance | | | |
| **Adam Peška** | Individual BC3 | Ntenta (GRE)
**W** 3-2 | van der Beken (FRA)
**W** 5-0 | Legostaev (RPC)
**W** 3-3 |  | 2 **Q** | Jeong (KOR)
**W** 7-4 | vMichel (AUS)
**W** 4-3 | Polychronidis (GRE)
**W** 3-3 |  |

## Cycling

Kateřina Antošová, Patrik Jahoda, Ivo Koblasa and Tomáš Mošnička have all qualified to compete.

### Road

Men

| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Patrik Jahoda | Time trial H1 | 52:56.13 | 4 |
| | Road race H1-2 | DNF | |
| Ivo Koblasa | Time trial C2 | 38:23.17 | 8 |
| | Road race C1-3 | 2:21:21 | 19 |
| Tomáš Mošnička | Time trial H3 | 49:33.46 | 15 |
| | Road race H3 | 3:04:08 | 12 |

Women

| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kateřina Antošová | Time trial H1-3 | 35:39.64 | 5 |
| | Road race H1-4 | 59:37 | 6 |

### Track

| Athlete | Event | Heats | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Ivo Koblasa | Men's Individual pursuit C2 | 3:48.914 | 7 | did not advance | |
| | Men's Time trial C1-3 |  | | 1:12.619 | 16 |

## Equestrian

| Athlete | Horse | Event | Result | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Anastasija Vištálová | Sterngreifer | Individual test grade I | 66.964 | 13 |

## Shooting

Czech Republic entered two shooters into the Paralympic competition.

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Score | Rank | Score | Rank |
| Jakub Kosek | Men's P1 – 10 m air pistol SH1 | 533 | 27 | did not advance | |
| | Mixed P3 – 25 m pistol SH1 | 544 | 24 | did not advance | |
| Tomáš Pešek | Men's P1 – 10 m air pistol SH1 | 559 | 11 | did not advance | |
| | Mixed P3 – 25 m pistol SH1 | did not start | | did not advance | |
| | Mixed P4 – 50 m pistol SH1 | 486 | 33 | did not advance | |

## Swimming

Six Czech swimmers have qualified to compete.

Men

| Athlete | Event | Heats | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Jonáš Kešnar | 400 metre freestyle S9 | 4:33.76 | 13 | did not advance | |
| | 200 m individual medley S9 | 2:24.03 | 6 **Q** | 2:23.00 | 5 |
| **Arnošt Petráček** | 50 m freestyle S4 | 40.64 | 7 **Q** | DSQ | |
| | 50 m backstroke S4 | 41.75 | 1 **Q** | 41.26 |  |
| | 50 m butterfly S5 | 41.41 | 14 | did not advance | |
| Miroslav Smrčka | 50 m backstroke S11 | 1:15.93 | 11 | did not advance | |
| | 50 m breaststroke SB11 | 1:28.29 | 11 | did not advance | |
| | 200 m individual medley SM11 | 2:54.35 | 12 | did not advance | |
| Tadeáš Strašík | 100 m breaststroke SB9 |  | | 1:13.19 | 7 |
| | 200 m individual medley SM10 | 2:24.00 | 7 **Q** | 2:23.26 | 8 |

Women

| Athlete | Event | Heats | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Vendula Dušková | 400 m freestyle S8 |  | | 5:20.71 | 6 |
| | 100 m breaststroke SB7 | 1:43.05 | 7 **Q** | 1:42.69 | 7 |
| | 200 m individual medley SM8 | 3:06.56 | 6 **Q** | 3:14.59 | 8 |
| Dominika Míčková\ | 50 m backstroke SB4 | 1:11.84 | 15 | did not advance | |
| | 50 m breaststroke SB3 | 1:13.46 | 11 | did not advance | |
| | 150 m individual medley SM4 | 4:45.08 | 8 | did not advance | |

## Table tennis

Czech Republic entered one athletes into the table tennis competition at the games. Jiři Suchánek qualified via World Ranking allocation.

Men

| Athlete | Event | Group Stage | | | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Rank | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Rank |
| Jiři Suchánek | Individual C2 | Lamirault (FRA)
**L** 1-3 | Jakimczuk (POL)
**W** 3-0 | 2 **Q** | Riapoš (SVK)
**W** 3-2 | Czuper (POL)
**L** 1-3 | did not advance | | |
| Petr Svatoš | Individual C3 | Zhai (CHN)
**L** 0-3 | Van Emburgh (USA)
**L** 0-3 | 3 | did not advance | | | | |
| Filip Nachazel | Individual C4 | Kim (KOR)
**L** 1-3 | Zylka (POL)
**L** 0-3 | 3 | did not advance | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Czech Republic at the
2020 Summer Paralympics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| IPC code | CZE |
| NPC | Czech Paralympic Committee |
| Website | www.paralympic.cz |
| in Tokyo | |
| Competitors | 28 in 8 sports |
| Medals | Gold 2 Silver 3 Bronze 3 Total 8 |
| Summer Paralympics appearances (overview) | |
|  | |
| Other related appearances | |
| Czechoslovakia (1972–1992) | |


title: Osieki Lęborskie

abstract: Osieki Lęborskie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Choczewo, within Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Choczewo, 30 km (19 mi) north-west of Wejherowo, and 66 km (41 mi) north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. The village has a railway station on the disused Wejherowo to Garczegorze line, although this lies more than a kilometre outside the village proper on the road between Osieki Lęborskie and Lublewo. For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

text:
# Osieki Lęborskie

**Osieki Lęborskie** \[ɔˈɕɛki lɛmˈbɔrskʲɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Choczewo, within Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Choczewo, 30 km (19 mi) north-west of Wejherowo, and 66 km (41 mi) north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

The village has a railway station on the disused Wejherowo to Garczegorze line (PKP rail line 230), although this lies more than a kilometre outside the village proper on the road between Osieki Lęborskie and Lublewo.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

## Images of Osieki Lęborskie

## InfoBox

| Osieki Lęborskie | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Osieki Lęborskie | |
| Coordinates: 54°46′16″N 17°53′43″E / 54.77111°N 17.89528°E / 54.77111; 17.89528 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Pomeranian |
| County | Wejherowo |
| Gmina | Choczewo |
| Population | 275 |


title: Oscar Collett

abstract: Oscar Collett was a Norwegian landowner and benefactor. He was born in Trondhjem as a son of landowner Albert Peter Severin Collett (1842–1896) and Nanna Høegh (1854–1921). He was a brother of physician Arthur Collett and chemist Emil Collett. He was a forester by education, and spent his career as an executive of the family-owned forest estate company Firma Albert Collett together with his brothers Johan and Axel. The company still operates hundreds of square miles of forest in Namdalen, as well as several hydroelectric power stations. Collett became a member of the gentlemen's skiing club SK Fram in 1890, the club's second year of existence. From 1935 he served as a supervisory council member of the insurance company Forsikringsselskapet Viking, together with many acquaintances from Fram. He was a deputy board member of the Norwegian Forestry Society and the Det norske Myrselskap. He was also a co-founder of the first incarnation of the Norwegian Ornithological Society and its journal Norsk Ornithologisk Tidsskrift in 1920. By the end of 1920 Collett had become the single largest benefactor to the journal; with a gift of 1200 kr he had contributed 22% of the journal's assets, more than twice as much as any other individual. He sat on the Ornithological Society's interim board until the first general assembly in 1922, where he was elected deputy board member. Oscar Collett died in 1950, and was buried at Vestre gravlund. His son Carl Oscar Collett, who was born 1922 and whose mother was Maria Iversen, became a landowner and politician. Carl Oscar became a son-in-law of Henning Bødtker, and was admitted to SK Fram, continuing the family tradition.

text:
# Oscar Collett

**Oscar Collett** (9 December 1877 – 1950) was a Norwegian landowner and benefactor.

He was born in Trondhjem as a son of landowner Albert Peter Severin Collett (1842–1896) and Nanna Høegh (1854–1921). He was a brother of physician Arthur Collett and chemist Emil Collett.

He was a forester by education, and spent his career as an executive of the family-owned forest estate company Firma Albert Collett together with his brothers Johan and Axel. The company still operates hundreds of square miles of forest in Namdalen, as well as several hydroelectric power stations.

Collett became a member of the gentlemen's skiing club SK Fram in 1890, the club's second year of existence. From 1935 he served as a supervisory council member of the insurance company Forsikringsselskapet Viking, together with many acquaintances from Fram.

He was a deputy board member of the Norwegian Forestry Society and the Det norske Myrselskap. He was also a co-founder of the first incarnation of the Norwegian Ornithological Society and its journal *Norsk Ornithologisk Tidsskrift* in 1920. By the end of 1920 Collett had become the single largest benefactor to the journal; with a gift of 1200 kr he had contributed 22% of the journal's assets, more than twice as much as any other individual. He sat on the Ornithological Society's interim board until the first general assembly in 1922, where he was elected deputy board member.

Oscar Collett died in 1950, and was buried at Vestre gravlund. His son Carl Oscar Collett, who was born 1922 and whose mother was Maria Iversen, became a landowner and politician. Carl Oscar became a son-in-law of Henning Bødtker, and was admitted to SK Fram, continuing the family tradition.


title: Brigitte Prass

abstract: Brigitte Prass is a Romanian breaststroke swimmer. She competed in three events at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Brigitte Prass

**Brigitte Prass** (born 23 June 1963) is a Romanian breaststroke swimmer. She competed in three events at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Brigitte Prass
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1963-06-23) 23 June 1963<br>Reșița, Romania |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Swimming |
| Medal record      Representing  Romania  Summer Universiade  1981 Bucharest 4x100m medley relay | |


title: Brigitte Poupart

abstract: Brigitte Poupart is a Canadian actress and filmmaker. She is most noted for her performance in the film Ravenous and for directing the 2012 film Over My Dead Body.

text:
# Brigitte Poupart

**Brigitte Poupart** is a Canadian actress and filmmaker. She is most noted for her performance in the film *Ravenous* (*Les Affamés*) and for directing the 2012 film *Over My Dead Body.*

## Early life

Poupart was accepted both to law school and the Conservatoire d'art dramatique de Montréal. Following her mother's advice, she attended the Conservatoire until 1990.

## Career

She has also appeared in the television series *Les Masques*, *Catherine*, *François en série*, *Musée Eden* and *Mémoires vives*, and the films *Congorama*, *Monsieur Lazhar*, *Tuktuq*, *Fake Tattoos*, *Les Salopes, or the Naturally Wanton Pleasure of Skin*, *Before We Explode (Avant qu'on explose)*, *Bootlegger* and *Turtles (Les Tortues)*.

She directed the 2012 documentary film *Over My Dead Body*, which was shortlisted for the Canadian Screen Award for Best Feature Length Documentary at the 1st Canadian Screen Awards in 2012.

In 2016 she directed the show Luzia by Cirque du Soleil. She was the first Canadian woman to direct a Cirque du Soleil show.

Poupart appeared in the film *Ravenous* (*Les Affamés*), for which she was nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the 6th Canadian Screen Awards in 2018. She was also awarded meilleure interprétation féminine dans un rôle de soutien (best supporting actress) at the 2018 Gala Québec Cinéma,

In 2018, she appeared in the movie *Les salopes ou le sucre naturel de la peau.* She was nominated but ultimately lost the Canadian Screen Award for actress in a leading role for her work on the film. The same year, she was honoured by Association Femmes Monde à Paris and the Académie des lettres du Québec for her career.

In 2022, she directed *Jusqu’à ce qu’on meure* for her company Transthéâtre in Montreal.

## InfoBox

| Brigitte Poupart | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Canadian |
| Occupation(s) | Actress, Filmmaker |


title: Sabrang Union

abstract: Sabrang Union is a union, the smallest administrative body of Bangladesh, located in Teknaf Upazila, Cox's Bazar District, Bangladesh. The total population is 46,512. In September 2017, six Rohingya refugees died while trying to enter Bangladesh after their boat drowned.

text:
# Sabrang Union

**Sabrang Union** is a union, the smallest administrative body of Bangladesh, located in Teknaf Upazila, Cox's Bazar District, Bangladesh. The total population is 46,512. In September 2017, six Rohingya refugees died while trying to enter Bangladesh after their boat drowned.

## Non-governmental organisations in Sabrang Union

Non-governmental organisations in Sabrang Union include MSF (Doctors without Borders), SHED (Society for Health Extension & Development), Brac, Pulse Bangladesh, Nacom, Muslim Aid, Uddipon, Rtm, Tai, Save the Children, IOM, Mukti Cox's Bazar, ACF, DRC, Ipsa, Codec, Aid Comilla, Caritas Bangladesh, and NRC.