title: The Girl and the Robot

abstract: "The Girl and the Robot" is a song by Norwegian electronic duo Röyksopp from their third studio album, Junior (2009). The song features vocals from Swedish singer Robyn and was released on 15 June 2009 as the album's second single, with remixes from Kris Menace, Chateau Marmont and Spencer & Hill.

text:
# The Girl and the Robot

"**The Girl and the Robot**" is a song by Norwegian electronic duo Röyksopp from their third studio album, *Junior* (2009). The song features vocals from Swedish singer Robyn and was released on 15 June 2009 as the album's second single, with remixes from Kris Menace, Chateau Marmont and Spencer & Hill.

## Critical reception

The song has been highly praised by critics and it has been often pointed out as one of the highlights of the album. "The Girl and the Robot" was named "Song of the Day" by Popjustice before the album was released, with reviewer calling it "a demented, choral, electronic masterpiece" and "brilliantly obsessive, bunnyboiling extravaganza." BBC Music labelled it "album-stealer", *The Guardian* called it "tremendous", Pitchfork Media wrote it is "a frigid, winding bit of electro that combines a powerhouse vocal with some slippery chord changes and one of the biggest choruses of 2009 so far" and Chewing Gum for The Ears noticed the track "features an excellent vocal performance by super-Swede Robyn in a techno-tinged tale of a lonely girl and her hard-working lover that's both emotional and a little goofy". The Line of Best Fit described the song as "possibly the most successful \[track\], ... a curious tale of an ill-fated romance between a girl and… a robot", while Resident Advisor called it "charming" and "over-the-top pop" and Edwin's Raisin declared it "a soaring, theatrical powerhouse".

The Jean Elan Remix of the track was nominated for the 2010 Grammy Award for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical. The song was ranked number sixty-eight on Pitchfork Media's list of The Top 100 Tracks of 2009.

## Music video

The official music video for the song was filmed in London on 27 April 2009. The video stars Robyn, Torbjørn Brundtland, and Svein Berge. It was released online on 21 May 2009.

## Track listing

### CD single

1. "The Girl and the Robot" (radio edit) – 3:08
2. "The Girl and the Robot" (album version) – 4:28

### Remixes

1. "The Girl and the Robot" (Kris Menace Remix) – 7:17
2. "The Girl and the Robot" (Kris Menace Re-interpretation) – 5:54
3. "The Girl and the Robot" (Spencer & Hill Remix) – 6:09
4. "The Girl and the Robot" (Spencer & Hill Instrumental) – 6:09
5. "The Girl and the Robot" (Spencer & Hill Radio Edit) – 3:25
6. "The Girl and the Robot" (Joakim Remix) – 7:19
7. "The Girl and the Robot" (Joakim Instrumental) – 7:19
8. "The Girl and the Robot" (Chateau Marmont Remix) – 4:07
9. "The Girl and the Robot" (Ocelot Remix) – 6:10
10. "The Girl and the Robot" (Jean Elan Remix) – 6:21
11. "The Girl and the Robot" (Davide Rossi Suite for a Robotic Girl Re-Interpretation) – 4:29
12. "The Girl and the Robot" (Jeremy Wheatley Edit Longer Version) – 4:30
13. "The Girl and the Robot" (Jeremy Wheatley Radio Edit) – 3:08

## Charts

## InfoBox

| "The Girl and the Robot" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Röyksopp | |
| from the album  *Junior* | |
| Released | 15 June 2009 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 4:29 |
| Label | Wall of Sound |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Röyksopp |
|  | |
| Röyksopp singles chronology | |
| "Happy Up Here"
(2009) "**The Girl and the Robot**"
(2009) "This Must Be It"
(2009) | |
| Robyn singles chronology | |
| "Who's That Girl"
(2008) "**The Girl and the Robot**"
(2009) "Dancing on My Own"
(2010) | |
| Music video | |
| "The Girl and the Robot" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Temptations Live!

abstract: Temptations Live! is the first live album to be released by The Temptations. The album was recorded on October 3, 1966, at the Roostertail in Detroit, Michigan. The album cover photograph was taken in March 1966 at The 20 Grand, 14th and Warren in Detroit, Michigan, and the album was released on Gordy (Motown) Records in 1967. The album features David Ruffin, Paul Williams, Eddie Kendricks, Melvin Franklin, and Otis Williams performing their regular live repertoire for a highly receptive crowd mostly consisting of young women. Included in the set are Temptations hits such as "My Girl", "My Baby", "Get Ready", "Ain't Too Proud to Beg", "Don't Look Back", and the group's then-current single, "Beauty Is Only Skin Deep". Out of the several live albums the group recorded during their career, this is the only one to feature David Ruffin. The album remained on the Billboard pop albums chart for 51 weeks, peaking at number 10.

text:
# Temptations Live!

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Temptations Live!*** is the first live album to be released by The Temptations. The album was recorded on October 3, 1966, at the Roostertail in Detroit, Michigan. The album cover photograph was taken in March 1966 at The 20 Grand, 14th and Warren in Detroit, Michigan, and the album was released on Gordy (Motown) Records in 1967. The album features David Ruffin, Paul Williams, Eddie Kendricks, Melvin Franklin, and Otis Williams performing their regular live repertoire for a highly receptive crowd mostly consisting of young women. Included in the set are Temptations hits such as "My Girl", "My Baby", "Get Ready", "Ain't Too Proud to Beg", "Don't Look Back", and the group's then-current single, "Beauty Is Only Skin Deep". Out of the several live albums the group recorded during their career, this is the only one to feature David Ruffin. The album remained on the *Billboard* pop albums chart for 51 weeks, peaking at number 10.

## Track listing

*Superscripts denote lead singers for each track: (a) David Ruffin, (b) Eddie Kendricks, (c) Paul Williams, (d) Melvin Franklin.*

### Side one

1. Intro by Scott Regen – 0:03
2. Medley – 4:49
    1. "Girl (Why You Wanna Make Me Blue)" (Norman Whitfield, Edward Holland Jr.) b
    2. "The Girl's Alright with Me" (Whitfield, Holland, Eddie Kendricks) b
    3. "I'll Be in Trouble" (Smokey Robinson) b
    4. "I Want a Love I Can See" (Robinson) c, a
3. "What Love Has Joined Together" (Robinson, Robert Rogers) – 3:01 b
4. "My Girl" (Robinson, Ronnie White) – 3:08 a
5. ""Yesterday"/"What Now My Love" (Lennon–McCartney, Gilbert Bécaud, Pierre Delano, Carl Sigman) – 3:08 a, d
6. "Beauty Is Only Skin Deep" (Whitfield, Holland) – 2:23 a
7. Group Introduction – 0:49
8. "I Wish You Love" (Albert Beach, Charles Trenet) – 1:52 b
9. "Ain't Too Proud to Beg" (Whitfield, Holland) – 2:57 a

### Side two

1. "Old Man River" (Jerome Kern, Oscar Hammerstein II) – 4:44 d
2. "Get Ready" (Robinson) – 2:10 b
3. "Fading Away" (Robinson, Rogers, Warren Moore) – 1:55 b
4. "My Baby" (Robinson, Rogers, Moore) – 2:10 a
5. "You'll Lose a Precious Love" (Robinson) – 2:50 a
6. "Baby, Baby I Need You" (Robinson) – 1:50 c, b
7. "Don't Look Back" (Robinson, White) – 7:07 c

### Compact disc bonus track

1. "The Way You Do the Things You Do" (Robinson, Rogers) – 3:24 b

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Temptations Live! | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by The Temptations | |
| Released | March 6, 1967 |
| Recorded | October 3, 1966 |
| Venue | The Roostertail's Upper Deck, Detroit, Michigan |
| Genre | Soul |
| Length | 47:45 |
| Label | Gordy
GS 921 |
| Producer | N/A |
| The Temptations chronology | |
| *Greatest Hits*
(1966) ***Temptations Live!***
(1967) *The Temptations with a Lot o' Soul*
(1967) | |


title: Laki Mera

abstract: Laki Mera are a three-piece electronic band, based in Glasgow, Scotland.

text:
# Laki Mera

**Laki Mera** are a three-piece electronic band, based in Glasgow, Scotland.

## History

Formed in 2004 as a recording project by Andrea Gobbi and Laura Donnelly, Laki Mera took their name from the Chimaera of Greek mythology. The lineup was completed with the addition of pianist Keir Long, cellist Trevor Helliwell and drummer Tim Harbinson.

In December, 2007, the band announced that they would be offering their debut album, *Clutter*, free for download prior to its official release. The album was critically well received.

Their music has been variously described as folktronica, ambient trip hop, 'lush space jazz' and "pristine pop chamber music of the highest quality", as well as being reminiscent of Portishead and Massive Attack backing Cocteau Twin Liz Fraser'. They have been cited as "one of the most promising, intelligent pop acts Scotland has produced this decade".

## Discography

### Studio albums

### EPs

* *Diet of Worms* (2008)
* *How Dare You Remix EP* (2010)
* *Clutter EP* (2010)
* *More Than You* (2011)

### Singles

* *How Dare You* (2007)
* *More Than You* (2011)
* *Fool* (2011)
* *Crater* (Mogwai remix) (2012)
* *Sweet Warm Dance* (2013)

## InfoBox

| Laki Mera | |
| --- | --- |
| Laki Mera | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Glasgow, Scotland |
| Genres | Electronic, folktronica, trip hop |
| Years active | 2004–present |
| Labels | Rhythm of Life
Just Music |
|  | |
| Members | Andrea Gobbi \- Programming, synths, guitars
Laura Donnelly \- Vocals, guitars, synths
Keir Long \- Programming, synths |
|  | |
| Past members | Trev Helliwell \- Cello, synths
Tim Harbinson \- Drums |


title: Scarlett Mack

abstract: Scarlett Mack is an Irish/Scottish actress, best known for her role as Amy McConachie in the film Blackbird.

text:
# Scarlett Mack

**Scarlett Mack** (born 5 June 1989) is an Irish/Scottish actress, best known for her role as Amy McConachie in the film *Blackbird*.

## Early life and education

Mack was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland; she moved to Fife at the age of three, where she lived until she was 17. She completed a BA in Contemporary Theatre at the Lancaster Institute of Contemporary Art, and also earned a BA in French from Lancaster University, taking a year to study in Lyon to attain fluency in French and her DEUF diplome.

She then applied to the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland, formerly the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama, was accepted and awarded a full scholarship. She graduated in July 2013.

## Career in theatre

Mack acted in several theatrical productions, including *Eight*, *Possibilities* and *The Play That Killed Me* at the Tron Theatre in Glasgow. She amused audiences in her role as the housemaid in *Blithe Spirit* at the Perth Theatre.

In 2015 Mack performed a lead role in the play *The Effect*, by Lucy Prebble, at the Tron Theatre.

## Career in film and television

In 2013, Mack performed the role of Amy in the film *Blackbird*, which premiered at the Edmonton International Film Festival and was nominated for the Michael Powell Best British Film Award at that festival. It was also nominated for the Best Film Audience Award at the Scottish BAFTAs 2013.

Mack acts the ongoing role of Louise Poise in the comedy series *Rab C. Nesbitt*, and can be seen in an advertisement for Tunnock's Caramel Wafer.


title: Siv Nordrum

abstract: Siv Nordrum was a Norwegian journalist, communications director and politician. Born in Drøbak, Nordrum worked as journalist from 1977, and was assigned with NRK radio and television in the 1980s and 1990s. At NRK she started working for the radio's main news programme Dagsnytt in 1984, and was a foreign correspondent for NRK in Asia 1989-1993. From 2001 to 2005 she served as State Secretary at the Office of the Prime Minister, working with Kjell Magne Bondevik. In 2006 she was appointed communications director at the University of Oslo, in 2012 she assumed a similar position for Statistics Norway, and from 2015 she was head of communications at the Storting. Nordrum was married to Christian Syse, Norwegian ambassador to Sweden in Stockholm 2017-2021. She died in April 2021 after a brief illness.

text:
# Siv Nordrum

**Siv Nordrum** (7 October 1958 – 24 April 2021) was a Norwegian journalist, communications director and politician.

Born in Drøbak, Nordrum worked as journalist from 1977, and was assigned with NRK radio and television in the 1980s and 1990s. At NRK she started working for the radio's main news programme *Dagsnytt* in 1984, and was a foreign correspondent for NRK in Asia 1989-1993.

From 2001 to 2005 she served as State Secretary at the Office of the Prime Minister, working with Kjell Magne Bondevik.

In 2006 she was appointed communications director at the University of Oslo, in 2012 she assumed a similar position for Statistics Norway, and from 2015 she was head of communications at the Storting.

Nordrum was married to Christian Syse, Norwegian ambassador to Sweden in Stockholm 2017-2021.

She died in April 2021 after a brief illness.

## InfoBox

| Siv Nordrum | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1958-10-07)7 October 1958<br>Drøbak, Norway |
| Died | 24 April 2021 (aged 62) |
| Occupation(s) | Journalist, communications director, State Secretary |
| Spouse | Christian Syse |


title: Castilleja de Guzmán

abstract: Castilleja de Guzmán is a city located in the province of Seville, Spain. According to the 2005 census (INE), the city has a population of 2409 inhabitants.

text:
# Castilleja de Guzmán

**Castilleja de Guzmán** is a city located in the province of Seville, Spain. According to the 2005 census (INE), the city has a population of 2409 inhabitants.

Aerial photograph of Castilleja de Guzmán

37°24′N 6°03′W / 37.400°N 6.050°W / 37.400; -6.050

## InfoBox

| Castilleja de Guzmán, Spain | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Country | Spain |
| Province | Seville |
| Municipality | Castilleja de Guzmán |
| Area | |
| Total | 2 km2 (0.8 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 131 m (430 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 2,826 |
| Density | 1,400/km2 (3,700/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Renaissance Kingdoms

abstract: Renaissance Kingdoms is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game, developed by Celsius online. The game allows players to control a character living in a European kingdom in the 15th century. It was created in October 2004. It was declared Best Free Online RPG 2006 by the English site GameOgre. It is mostly played in a web interface, but much of the game's decision-making occurs in the official forum. Registration is free, but there are some small benefits for players who make donations. The game is part of the universe De gloria regni, alongside Native Kingdoms and Shogun Kingdoms, two similar games, based respectively on the Aztec Empire and medieval Japan.

text:
# Renaissance Kingdoms

***Renaissance Kingdoms*** is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game, developed by *Celsius online*. The game allows players to control a character living in a European kingdom in the 15th century. It was created in October 2004. It was declared Best Free Online RPG 2006 by the English site GameOgre. It is mostly played in a web interface, but much of the game's decision-making occurs in the official forum. Registration is free, but there are some small benefits for players who make donations. The game is part of the universe *De gloria regni*, alongside *Native Kingdoms* and *Shogun Kingdoms*, two similar games, based respectively on the Aztec Empire and medieval Japan.

## InfoBox

*Renaissance Kingdoms*
|
|  |
| Original author(s) | Lévan Sardjevéladzé |
| Developer(s) | Celsius Online |
| Initial release | 1 November 2004 (2004-11-01) |
| Available in | 26 languages |
| Website | www.renaissancekingdoms.com |


title: Shengzhou Xinchang railway station

abstract: Shengzhou Xinchang railway station is a railway station in Sanjiang Subdistrict, Shengzhou, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. It is situated between Shengzhou county-level city and Xinchang County, both under the administration of Shaoxing prefecture-level city.

text:
# Shengzhou Xinchang railway station

**Shengzhou Xinchang railway station** (Chinese: 嵊州新昌站) is a railway station in Sanjiang Subdistrict, Shengzhou, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. It is situated between Shengzhou county-level city and Xinchang County, both under the administration of Shaoxing prefecture-level city.

## History

The station opened with the Hangzhou–Taizhou high-speed railway on 8 January 2022.

## Design

The station has a cross shape, with platforms on both the Hangzhou–Taizhou high-speed railway and the Ningbo–Jinhua railway.

| Preceding station | China Railway High-speed | | | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Shengzhou Northtowards Hangzhou East |  | Hangzhou–Taizhou high-speed railway |  | Tiantaishantowards Yuhuan |

## InfoBox

| Shengzhou Xinchang
嵊州新昌 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Sanjiang Subdistrict, Shengzhou, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province
China |
| Coordinates | 40°04′11″N 116°21′48″E / 40.069623°N 116.363465°E / 40.069623; 116.363465 |
| Line(s) |  |
| History | |
| Opened | January 8, 2022 (2022-01-08) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: 12 Stories

abstract: 12 Stories is the debut studio album by American country music singer-songwriter Brandy Clark, released on October 22, 2013, through Slate Creek Records. Clark wrote or co-wrote all 12 of the songs and it features Vince Gill on background vocals. The songs on the album are mostly ones which were admired by, but not recorded by, other artists, possibly due to the provocative storytelling and their content, which is a Clark trademark. Two of the album's tracks were previously recorded by other artists: "Crazy Women" was a Top 40 hit on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart for LeAnn Rimes as the second single from her 2011 album, Lady & Gentlemen, and "The Day She Got Divorced" was previously recorded by Reba McEntire for her 2010 album, All the Women I Am.

text:
# 12 Stories

***12 Stories*** is the debut studio album by American country music singer-songwriter Brandy Clark, released on October 22, 2013, through Slate Creek Records. Clark wrote or co-wrote all 12 of the songs and it features Vince Gill on background vocals. The songs on the album are mostly ones which were admired by, but not recorded by, other artists, possibly due to the provocative storytelling and their content, which is a Clark trademark. Two of the album's tracks were previously recorded by other artists: "Crazy Women" was a Top 40 hit on the *Billboard* Hot Country Songs chart for LeAnn Rimes as the second single from her 2011 album, *Lady & Gentlemen*, and "The Day She Got Divorced" was previously recorded by Reba McEntire for her 2010 album, *All the Women I Am*.

## Background

When Clark first moved to Nashville around 1997 she wanted to be a recording artist, but instead concentrated on her song writing which is her true passion. It took her many years to hone a voice as an individual artist with a view to creating songs which would be commercially viable and which people wanted to listen to. She played occasional gigs and made demo tapes enough to finance an EP to sell at songwriters’ night shows. In 2010 her two co-managers heard that EP and told her they would help finance a full studio record along with a management company. As a respected Music Row songwriter she was also encouraged by friends in the business to release a batch of her own material. *12 Stories* was finished nearly two years before its release, as Clark waited for record label interest and distribution. Previous to this and during that time span she had become a part of a tight circle of friends and regular song collaborators that included singing songwriters Miranda Lambert, Ashley Monroe, Kacey Musgraves, Shane McAnally, Josh Osborne and Trevor Rosen, some of whom contribute to the album.

## Music and lyrics

Teaming up with producer Dave Brainard, *12 Stories* draws on styles such as country folk and catchy country pop performed in midtempo in both classic and contemporary styles with arrangements which are sparse and clean. They first toyed with making the album a concept record, chronicling a couple's relationship but ended up rejecting the idea but that instinct is evident in the track listing order. The album is full of diverse characters in which Clark tells stories which manage to be dramatic, humorous, heartfelt and down right honest in which she examines and celebrates her characters. Describing her songs, Randy Lewis from the *Los Angeles Times* wrote: "find this record and listen to a dozen dazzlingly witty and insightful takes on the struggles of the working class ("Pray to Jesus"), neglected and/or mistreated women ("Crazy Women," "The Day She Got Divorced"), the battle between right and wrong ("What'll Keep Me Out of Heaven") and the pros and cons of chemical mood enhancers" ("Hungover," "Get High").

"I think my music is a dark comedy, just as I think life is a dark comedy," said Brandy. "The truth is funny sometimes. I don't ever want to come across as corny or novelty, but you have to laugh at things. I feel like this record is about what's really going on in life." "I get my inspiration from real people who are just surviving their lives and getting through their days. That's who I write songs for," she explained.

The song "Stripes" was co-written with Shane McAnally at a songwriters retreat at Center Hill Lake. It was released in America as a single which premiered on Sirius XM Holdings. The official video made its CMT debut on July 4, 2013. The release of the album coincides with a breakthrough year for Clark after being named as one of CMT's Next Women of Country and gaining well-deserved attention after scoring a CMA Song of the Year nomination for her contribution to "Mama’s Broken Heart" and enjoying chart-topping success as a writer of The Band Perry's No.1 song "Better Dig Two."

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 89/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *American Songwriter* |  |
| *Cuepoint* | A− |
| *Entertainment Weekly* | B+ |
| *The Irish Times* |  |
| *Los Angeles Times* |  |
| *Nash Country Weekly* | A+ |
| *Rolling Stone* |  |
| Roughstock |  |
| *Spin* | 8/10 |

*12 Stories* received highly positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 89 out of 100, which indicates "universal acclaim" based on 6 reviews.

Regarding Clark's writing, Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic commented, "She's on the outside but she's an observer, not an outcast, noticing the quirks and eccentricities of her brethren instead of diving head-on into their madness" and describing her singing said, "she avoids full-throated showstoppers for something better: she's sly and strong, mining heartbreak and sneaking in punch lines at unexpected times" and that the "strength and clarity" of Clark's voice becomes undeniable. He concludes "the superb 12 Stories showcases a unique artist who stands firmly, proudly on her own merits"

At *American Songwriter*, Jonathan Bernstein noted the simplicity of the album title "gives a good sense of Clark's direct, plain-spoken, songwriting" and that her debut was "a welcome, engrossing respite from the party-fueled escapism that's dominated Music City throughout the summer of 2013" Jon Freeman of *Country Weekly* described the set as "a staggeringly great collection of original tunes that paint vivid, honest portraits of real life, from a uniquely feminine perspective"

Grady Smith of *Entertainment Weekly* noted that Clark "keeps things edgy, singing about divorce, drugs, jail, and Jesus—a.k.a. country music’s Golden Quadrangle, with matter-of-fact sass and ample twang"

Will Hermes, writing for *Rolling Stone*, concludes that Brandy's ear "is unerring and her characters true" describing her as " the kind of talent who makes the term "alt-country" unnecessary"

At Roughstock, Matt Bjorke said Clark possesses a voice "that recalls Mary Chapin Carpenter, Suzy Bogguss, Kathy Mattea and Trisha Yearwood" and described her as "a unique talent in that she writes songs that are classic and contemporary all at the same time" and that *12 Stories* is "one of the strongest albums of 2013 and of any album released in this new century".

*Billboard* writer Chuck Dauphin began his review with one word, "Wow", and clarified, "I don’t think I have ever started a review so simply in my decade-plus of writing them. But, sometimes, you can say a lot more with less than you can otherwise". He said that Clark has assembled an album that potentially will "stand beside such landmark female collections" as Lee Ann Womack's 2005 released *There's More Where That Came From* and Reba McEntire's 1996 album *Whoever's in New England*. He described the single, "Stripes", as having "a modern day Loretta Lynn twist" and that perhaps the coolest line of any song during 2013 is "There’s no crime of passion worth a crime of fashion"

Jody Rosen from New York Magazine declared "12 Stories Is My Favorite Album of 2013."

In the January 2014 issue of leading UK country music publication Country Music People, editor Duncan Warwick made it his "5 Star CD of the Month", summing up with "Every song tells a story and Brandy Clark makes them all riveting. Now I have to remove an album from my best of the year to make room for this."

## Commercial performance

*12 Stories* debuted at No. 197 on the *Billboard* 200 and at No. 28 on the *Billboard* Top Country Albums chart with 2,000 copies sold in its first week of release. It re-entered the *Billboard* 200 at a new peak of 163 for the chart dated December 7, 2013, and also peaked at the Top Country Album chart at No. 23. The album has sold 46,000 copies in the U.S. as of February 2015.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Brandy Clark, with additional co-writers as noted

*12 Stories* track listing
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Pray to Jesus" |  | 3:22 |
| 2. | "Crazy Women" | * McAnally * Jessie Jo Dillon | 3:37 |
| 3. | "What'll Keep Me Out of Heaven" | * Mark Stephen Jones | 3:34 |
| 4. | "Get High" |  | 3:31 |
| 5. | "Hold My Hand" | * Jones | 3:36 |
| 6. | "Stripes" |  | 3:16 |
| 7. | "In Some Corner" | * Trent Jeffcoat | 3:38 |
| 8. | "Take a Little Pill" |  | 3:29 |
| 9. | "Hungover" | * McAnally * Dillon | 3:56 |
| 10. | "Illegitimate Children" | * Deanna Walker | 3:21 |
| 11. | "The Day She Got Divorced" | * McAnally * Sanders | 3:23 |
| 12. | "Just Like Him" | * McAnally * Dillon | 3:31 |
| Total length: | | | 42:14 |

## Personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of *12 Stories*.

## Charts

Chart performance for *12 Stories*
| Chart (2013) | Peak |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 163 |
| US Top Country Albums (*Billboard*) | 23 |
| US Heatseekers Albums (*Billboard*) | 2 |
| US Independent Albums (*Billboard*) | 22 |
| UK Country Albums Chart (OCC) | 10 |

## InfoBox

| 12 Stories | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Brandy Clark | |
| Released | October 22, 2013 (2013-10-22) |
| Genre | Country, Americana |
| Length | 42:14 |
| Label | Slate Creek |
| Producer | Dave Brainard |
| Brandy Clark chronology | |
| ***12 Stories***
(2013) *Big Day in a Small Town*
(2016) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *12 Stories* | |
| 1. "Stripes"
Released: August 28, 2013 2. "Pray to Jesus"
Released: 2013 3. "Hungover"
Released: May 2014 | |
|  | |


title: David Read (footballer)

abstract: David Peter Read is an English footballer, who played as a winger in the Football League for Chester.

text:
# David Read (footballer)

**David Peter Read** (born 15 January 1941) is an English footballer, who played as a winger in the Football League for Chester.

## InfoBox

David Read
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | David Peter Read | | |
| Date of birth | (1941-01-15) 15 January 1941 | | |
| Place of birth | Stafford, England | | |
| Position(s) | Winger | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1962–1967 | Chester | 72 | (6) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Lake City (film)

abstract: Lake City is a 2008 American drama film directed by Perry Moore and Hunter Hill and starring Sissy Spacek, Troy Garity and Dave Matthews.

text:
# Lake City (film)

***Lake City*** is a 2008 American drama film directed by Perry Moore and Hunter Hill and starring Sissy Spacek, Troy Garity and Dave Matthews.

## Plot

A mother reunites with her son after many years, who had left home as a result of a searing family tragedy.

## Cast

## Production

*Lake City* was shot in Virginia on a $4 million budget.

## Release

*Lake City* had its world premiere at the 2008 Tribeca Film Festival on April 25, 2008, and was released in a single theater on November 21, 2008.

Following the release, Screen Media Films acquired the rights to release the film on DVD.

## Reception

On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 12% based on reviews from 26 critics, with an average rating of 3.6/10. The site's critics consensus states: "*Lake City* fails to make use of its accomplished cast, with the story unraveling amid the competing visions of its dual directors". On Metacritic, the film has a score of 29 out of a 100 based on 12 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".

Bill White of the *Seattle Post-Intelligencer* wrote: "When Hill and Moore leave story and characters behind to veer off into suspenseless chases through cornfields, one wonders if the era of earnest American drama may be coming to a close".

Josh Rosenblatt of *The Austin Chronicle* said "The only thing saving *Lake City* from total ridiculousness is \[Sissy\] Spacek".

Stephen Holden reviewing for *The New York Times* had criticized the lead actress, writing "When Sissy Spacek speaks her cliched lines in the mediocre screenplay of \[the film\], her delivery lends them a resonance that is not in the written words".

According to Mick LaSalle of the *San Francisco Chronicle* "With all the high-profile movies blasting into theaters at this time of year, *Lake City* will probably get lost in the shuffle. That won't be a tragedy".

Robert Koehler of *The Christian Science Monitor* wrote "The astonishingly inept finish could serve as a primer in screenwriting classes on how not to wind up a family drama".

Lisa Schwarzbaum of *Entertainment Weekly* said that "The story is as impersonal as it is labored", while Michelle Orange of *The Village Voice* wrote "Add\[ing\] to the general torpidity and twangy tropes of this Southern family drama is the discomfort of watching a natural actor force it".

## InfoBox

| Lake City | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Perry Moore
Hunter Hill |
| Written by | Perry Moore
Hunter Hill |
| Produced by | Donna Bascom
Mike Ryan
Allison Sarofim |
| Starring | Sissy Spacek
Troy Garity
Keith Carradine
Rebecca Romijn
Dave Matthews
Drea de Matteo |
| Cinematography | Robert Gantz |
| Edited by | Jeffrey Wolf |
| Music by | Aaron Zigman |
| Distributed by | Screen Media Films |
| Release date | * November 21, 2008 (2008-11-21) |
| Running time | 92 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Box office | US$12,686 (U.S.) |


title: Calliactis parasitica

abstract: Calliactis parasitica is a species of sea anemone associated with hermit crabs. It lives in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea at depths between the intertidal zone and 60 m (200 ft). It is up to 10 cm × 8 cm in size, with up to 700 tentacles, and is very variable in colour. The relationship between C. parasitica and the hermit crab is mutualistic: the sea anemone protects the hermit crab with its stings, and benefits from the food thrown up by the hermit crab's movements.

text:
# Calliactis parasitica

***Calliactis parasitica*** is a species of sea anemone associated with hermit crabs. It lives in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea at depths between the intertidal zone and 60 m (200 ft). It is up to 10 cm × 8 cm (3.9 in × 3.1 in) in size, with up to 700 tentacles, and is very variable in colour. The relationship between *C. parasitica* and the hermit crab is mutualistic: the sea anemone protects the hermit crab with its stings, and benefits from the food thrown up by the hermit crab's movements.

## Description

*Calliactis parasitica* is up to 100 millimetres (3.9 in) tall, and 80 mm (3.1 in) wide, with the base of the column being slightly wider. The surface of the column is rough and leathery with a grainy appearance, but has no tubercles and is not divided into sections. It is variable in colouring, but is usually cream or buff in colour, with blotches and streaks of reddish or greyish brown, which tend to form vertical stripes.

The basal disc is concave, and able to stick firmly to the substrate. Above this lies the limbus (the junction between the basal disc and the column), and just above that are the relatively prominent cinclides (specialised pores), each on a small mound. These readily emit threadlike acontia (stings) when the animal is disturbed. At the top of the column are up to 700 slender tentacles of moderate length. They are translucent, and yellowish to orange in colour, with longitudinal lines of reddish brown.

## Distribution

*Calliactis parasitica* is found in the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Its Atlantic range extends from south-western Europe as far north as the west coasts of Wales and Ireland, and the English Channel. Although this species has been recorded from the southern North Sea, those records are considered dubious. The depth distribution of *C. parasitica* ranges from a depth of 60 metres (200 ft) to the sublittoral zone; it is rarely found in the littoral zone.

## Ecology

Although *Calliactis parasitica* will occasionally attach to stones or empty shells, it is typically found on a gastropod shell inhabited by a hermit crab, and several individuals may live on the same shell. In the British Isles, the hermit crab is usually *Pagurus bernhardus*, but other species may be associated with *C. parasitica* in other parts of its range. *C. parasitica* is thought to use a chemical signal to detect its favoured shell, that of the whelk *Buccinum undatum*, because it has been observed in aquaria to mount the shell of a living *B. undatum*, although the whelk ensures that the sea anemone does not remain there.

*Calliactis parasitica* can survive without the hermit crab, and the hermit crab can survive without *C. parasitica*, but they associate with each other to their mutual benefit; this is known as mutualism. The hermit crab gains protection from predators by the sea anemone's stinging, and the sea anemone gains an increase in food from the material thrown up by the hermit crab's movements. The relationship is apparently instigated by the sea anemone, which begins a complex series of manoeuvres in order to mount the shell carried by the hermit crab; the hermit crab remains passive while these manoeuvres take place.

Octopuses will avoid shells bearing *C. parasitica*, but will persist in attacking shells containing the hermit crab *Pagurus prideaux* and bearing the sea anemone *Adamsia palliata*. In aquarium settings, the mutualism between *C. parasitica* and the hermit crab *Dardanus arrosor* can break down; this breakdown is prevented or reversed when chemical signals from octopuses are present. The presence of cephalopods may therefore be necessary for the relationship between the hermit crab and the anemone to be maintained.

## Taxonomy

*Calliactis parasitica* was first described under the name *Actinia parisitica*, in the *Cornish Fauna*. This work was begun by Jonathan Couch, but the third volume, in which *C. parasitica* was described, was written by his son, Richard Quiller Couch. Couch considered that his new species "may probably be considered a variety of the *Actinia gemmacea* \[now *Aulactinia verrucosa*\]", although his specimens "had not the appearance of belonging to that species".

## Toxin

Calitoxin (CLX), derives its name from the sea anemone *Calliactis parasitica*.

## InfoBox

| *Calliactis parasitica* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Cnidaria |
| Class: | Hexacorallia |
| Order: | Actiniaria |
| Family: | Hormathiidae |
| Genus: | *Calliactis* |
| Species: | ***C. parasitica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Calliactis parasitica***<br>(Couch, 1844) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| List * *Actinea parasitica* * *Actinia effeta* * *Actinia effoeta* Linnaeus, 1767 * *Actinia parasitica* Couch, 1842 * *Actinia priapus* * *Actinia rondeletii* Delle Chiaje, 1828 * *Adamsia effta* * *Adamsia priapus* * *Calliactis effoeta* * *Calliactis effta* Linnaeus * *Calliactis polypus* Klunzinger * *Calliactis rondeletii* (Delle Chiaje, 1828) * *Calliactus parasitica* * *Cribrina effoeta* Ehrenberg * *Cylista parasitica* (Couch, 1842) * *Sagartia effaeta* Linnaeus * *Sagartia parasitica* (Couch, 1842) | |


title: Valea Satului

abstract: Valea Satului may refer to the following places:

text:
# Valea Satului

**Valea Satului** may refer to the following places:

## Populated places

* Valea Satului, a village in Dolinnoe commune, Criuleni district, Moldova
* Valea Satului, a village in Grajduri commune, Iași County, Romania
* Valea Satului, a village in Vulpeni commune, Olt County, Romania

## Rivers in Romania

* Valea Satului, a tributary of the Axin in Caraș-Severin County
* Valea Satului, a tributary of the Burla in Botoșani County
* Valea Satului, a tributary of the Calva in Sibiu County
* Valea Satului (Crișul Alb), in Hunedoara County
* Valea Satului, a tributary of the Crișul Repede in Bihor and Cluj Counties
* Valea Satului, a tributary of the Danube near Dubova, Mehedinți County
* Valea Satului, a tributary of the Danube near Eșelnița, Mehedinți County
* Valea Satului (Geamărtălui), in Dolj and Olt Counties
* Valea Satului (Iza), in Maramureș County
* Valea Satului, a tributary of the Lotru near Brezoi, Vâlcea County
* Valea Satului, a tributary of the Lotru near Malaia, Vâlcea County
* Valea Satului (Olt), a tributary of the Olt near Câineni, Vâlcea County
* Valea Satului, a tributary of the Olt near Jiblea, Vâlcea County
* Valea Satului, a tributary of the Rebra in Bistrița-Năsăud County
* Valea Satului, a tributary of the Suhu in Galați County
* Valea Satului, a tributary of the Tău in Caraș-Severin County
* Valea Satului, a tributary of the Topolog in Argeș County


title: Siv Pettersson

abstract: Siv Margaretha Pettersson was a Swedish singer, best known for her Christmas song "Låt mig få tända ett ljus". Petterson was born in Saint Matthew Parish, Stockholm. She had a major 1972–1973 Christmas hit with "Låt mig få tända ett ljus" and a minor 1974 success with Evert Taube's "Så länge skutan kan gå". She died in a road accident in Årjäng, Värmland County, in January 1975, aged 19.

text:
# Siv Pettersson

**Siv Margaretha Pettersson** (3 March 1955  12 January 1975) was a Swedish singer, best known for her Christmas song "Låt mig få tända ett ljus (Schlafe, mein Prinzchen, schlaf' ein)".

Petterson was born in Saint Matthew Parish, Stockholm. She had a major 1972–1973 Christmas hit with "Låt mig få tända ett ljus" and a minor 1974 success with Evert Taube's "Så länge skutan kan gå". She died in a road accident in Årjäng, Värmland County, in January 1975, aged 19.

## Discography

### Albums

* Siv Pettersson – 1972
* I dur och moll – 1973
* Låt mig få tända ett ljus, compilation album (1977)

### Singles

* Vår egen bit av världen/Vem är du och vem är jag – 1972
* Sommar kom, vinter gå/Jag går i tusen tankar – 1973
* Qua la linta/Jag fallre för trumpet – 1973
* Nu är det din tur/Så länge skutan kan gå – 1974
* Jag längtar bara efter att få komma hem/Det måste finnas någon värld – 1974

## Svensktoppen songs

## InfoBox

| Siv Pettersson | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Siv Margaretha Pettersson |
| Born | (1955-03-03)3 March 1955
Stockholm, Sweden |
| Died | 12 January 1975(1975-01-12) (aged 19)
Malmö, Sweden |
| Genres | Schlager |
| Occupation | Singer-songwriter |
| Instrument(s) | Vocals, guitar |
| Years active | 1971–1975 |


title: Catesby, Oklahoma

abstract: Catesby is an unincorporated community located in Ellis County, Oklahoma, United States. Named for Catesby ap Roger Jones, the town was founded on July 1, 1902. The post office was opened by Ella M. Rose on February 18, 1902. The town remains a legal town site, although the post office was closed on January 1, 1970. As of the centennial in 2002, there were two residents, making it the smallest townsite in Oklahoma.

text:
# Catesby, Oklahoma

**Catesby** is an unincorporated community located in Ellis County, Oklahoma, United States. Named for Catesby ap Roger Jones, the town was founded on July 1, 1902. The post office was opened by Ella M. Rose on February 18, 1902. The town remains a legal town site, although the post office was closed on January 1, 1970.

As of the centennial in 2002, there were two residents, making it the smallest townsite in Oklahoma.

* Shirk, George H.; *Oklahoma Place Names*; University of Oklahoma Press; Norman, Oklahoma; 1987: ISBN 0-8061-2028-2 .

## InfoBox

| Catesby, Oklahoma | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| CatesbyLocation within the state of OklahomaCatesbyCatesby (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 36°29′35″N 99°57′46″W / 36.49306°N 99.96278°W / 36.49306; -99.96278 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Oklahoma |
| County | Ellis |
| Elevation | 2,392 ft (729 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 2 |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| GNIS feature ID | 1100273 |


title: Regrading in Seattle

abstract: The topography of central Seattle was radically altered by a series of regrades in the city's first century of urban settlement, in what might have been the largest such alteration of urban terrain at the time. The heart of Seattle, largest city in the state of Washington, is on an isthmus between the city's chief harbor—the saltwater Elliott Bay—and the fresh water of Lake Washington. Capitol Hill, First Hill, and Beacon Hill collectively constitute a ridge along this isthmus. In addition, at the time the city was founded, the steep Denny Hill stood in the area now known as Belltown or the Denny Regrade. When European settlers first came to Seattle in the early 1850s, the tides of Elliott Bay lapped at the base of Beacon Hill. The original location of the settlement that became Seattle—today's Pioneer Square—was a low-lying island. A series of regrades leveled paths for roads, demolished Denny Hill, and turned much of Jackson Hill into a near-canyon between First and Beacon Hills. The roughly 50,000,000 short tons (45,400,000 t) of earth from these 60 regrades provided landfill for the city's waterfront and the industrial/commercial neighborhood now known as SoDo, and built Harbor Island, at the time the largest man-made island in the world.

text:
# Regrading in Seattle

The topography of central Seattle was radically altered by a series of regrades in the city's first century of urban settlement, in what might have been the largest such alteration of urban terrain at the time.

The heart of Seattle, largest city in the state of Washington, is on an isthmus between the city's chief harbor—the saltwater Elliott Bay (an inlet of Puget Sound)—and the fresh water of Lake Washington. Capitol Hill, First Hill, and Beacon Hill collectively constitute a ridge along this isthmus (see Seven hills of Seattle). In addition, at the time the city was founded, the steep Denny Hill stood in the area now known as Belltown or the Denny Regrade.

When European settlers first came to Seattle in the early 1850s, the tides of Elliott Bay lapped at the base of Beacon Hill. The original location of the settlement that became Seattle—today's Pioneer Square—was a low-lying island. A series of regrades leveled paths for roads, demolished Denny Hill, and turned much of Jackson Hill (a remnant of which remains along Main Street in the International District) into a near-canyon between First and Beacon Hills. The roughly 50,000,000 short tons (45,400,000 t) of earth from these 60 regrades provided landfill for the city's waterfront and the industrial/commercial neighborhood now known as SoDo, and built Harbor Island, at the time the largest man-made island in the world.

## Early years

Seattle's first 58 regrades "consisted largely of cutting the tops off high places and dumping the dirt into low places and onto the beach". The most dramatic result of this was along that former beach, filling the land that constitutes today's Central Waterfront. Today's Western Avenue and Alaskan Way lie on this landfill.

These informal regrades came to an end around 1900; later regrades typically required changes to areas that had already undergone some development. City engineer R.H. Thomson established his prestige in 1900. He successfully provided the city with ample fresh water by running a pipeline from the Cedar River. He then undertook to level the extreme hills that rose south and north of the bustling city center. A central concern of Thomson's work in Seattle was to connect disparate parts of the city together, allowing easier movement. Thomson was quoted as saying that the city had developed the land "with but little regard as to whether the streets could ever be used or not, the main idea being, apparently, to sell the lots."

## Cutting through Beacon Hill

The first, unsuccessful, attempt to pierce the Capitol Hill – First Hill – Beacon Hill ridge came at the end of this era of informal regrades. In 1895, former territorial governor Eugene Semple (1840–1908) proposed several ambitious plans to reengineer Seattle. One of these, which he undertook in 1901, was to dig a canal from Elliott Bay to Lake Washington by cutting through Beacon Hill in roughly the area of Spokane Street, sluicing earth into the tide flats. His effort was defeated by unstable soils, which caused several cave-ins, and by the legal and political maneuvering of Judge Thomas Burke and others aligned with the Great Northern Railway. The Lake Washington Ship Canal ultimately followed the route north of downtown favored by Burke, utilizing existing lakes and bays. Semple left behind a canyon that is now used by the Spokane Street interchange on Interstate 5.

Thomson resumed the work of cutting through Beacon Hill to connect central Seattle to the Rainier Valley, the first of his major regrades, but he made his cut farther north. The Jackson Regrade between 1907 and 1910 slashed 85 feet (25.9 m) from the hill, requiring the demolition of the public South School and the original Holy Names Academy but providing fill for the tide flats below Beacon Hill that stretched south from King Street, filling in today's SoDo. Jackson Street became a slow slope upward from Elliott Bay in the west to the Central District east of the Capitol Hill – First Hill – Beacon Hill ridge.

Shortly afterward, just south of the Jackson Regrade, the Dearborn Street Regrade made an even deeper cut through the ridge. In one place, the level of the land was lowered by 108 feet (32.9 m); 1.6 million cubic yards (1,223,288 m3) of earth were moved. As with Semple's abandoned canal, there were several landslides, and many homes were destroyed that were not originally planned to be removed.

The resulting gap at Dearborn Street was deep enough to require a bridge running roughly north-south. Originally known as the 12th Avenue South Bridge and now known as the Jose P. Rizal Bridge, it is now on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Denny Regrade

The Denny Regrade began before the Jackson and Dearborn Regrades, but the last stage was not completed until decades later. Before regrading, the much-admired Denny School and the upmarket Washington Hotel stood atop the hill, along with numerous residential buildings. The two-storey high Denny School was found on Battery Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues, and was considered "handsome in the extreme."

City engineer R.H. Thomson considered Denny Hill to be the biggest impediment to traveling to other places in the city. Although in retrospect it is referred to as the Denny Regrade (and the name has become the name of a neighborhood), there were, in fact, several separate regrades of the former Denny Hill, beginning with private-sector efforts. Around 1900, property owners along relatively low-lying First Avenue took it upon themselves to cut through from Pike Street to Cedar Street. A similar cut (but initiated by the City) lowered Second Avenue in 1904; around the same time, the south part of the hill was shaved off as Pike and Pine Streets were regraded between Second and Fifth Avenues.

The more dramatic Denny Regrade No. 1 (1908–1911) sluiced away the entire half of the hill closest to the waterfront, about 27 city blocks extending from Pine Street to Cedar Street and from Second to Fifth Avenues. 20,000,000 US gallons (75,708 m3) of water a day were pumped from Lake Union, to be aimed at the hill as jets of water, then run through tunnels to Elliott Bay.

Much of the motivation for the regrade had been to increase land values, but the area opened up—the heart of today's Belltown—was left as a strip cut off from much of the rest of the city by the remaining eastern half of the hill, whose western face offered no route of approach. Meanwhile, property-owners and investors hesitated to build on the remaining portion of the hill, because they considered it likely that their buildings would eventually be destroyed in the next phase of the regrading process, which was now well under way.

The result was Denny Regrade No. 2, begun in February 1929 and lasting 22 months. This time, the technology was power shovels rather than sluicing, with earth carried to the waterfront by conveyor belts, then placed on specially designed scows and dumped in deep water. The scows were intentionally designed to capsize in a controlled manner. They were symmetrical top-to-bottom and side to side; a seacock could be opened to fill one side with water. In three minutes it would capsize, dump its load, bob up, empty the tank, and right itself.

One of the buildings demolished in Denny Regrade No. 2 was the Denny School on Battery Street between 5th and 6th Avenues. Opened in 1884, it had been described as "an architectural jewel... the finest schoolhouse on the West Coast".

While the 38 blocks were being regraded, the country entered the Great Depression, radically reducing the demand for land. Most of the new lots sat vacant into the 1940s; the area (especially east of Sixth Avenue) remained a gray zone into the early 21st century, when it finally began to gain an urban or suburban identity as the west edge of the new growth of South Lake Union.

Thomas Burke questioned the Denny Hill regrade, stating to a reporter at the closing party of the Washington Hotel that "from a commercial point of view, and certainly from an aesthetic one, it would have been much better to have saved Denny Hill by carrying Third Avenue under it, thus obtaining the desired result, while preserving in all aspects the natural beauty that means so much to any city."

* Berner, Richard C. (1991). *Seattle 1900–1920: From Boomtown, Urban Turbulence, to Restoration*. Seattle: Charles Press. ISBN 978-0-9629889-0-5.
* Merrell, Frederica; Latoszek, Mira (2003). *Seattle's Beacon Hill*. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-2861-8.
* Peterson, Lorin; Davenport, Noah C. (1950). *Living in Seattle*. Seattle: Seattle Public Schools.

## Further reading

* *Emerald City: an environmental history of Seattle*, Klingle, Matthew W., Yale University Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-300-11641-0.


title: Shenhe, Shenyang

abstract: The Shenhe District is one of ten districts of Shenyang, the capital of Liaoning province and the largest urban center in Northeast China. Shenhe District is where Shenyang's old city resided, currently serves as the one of the two central districts of Shenyang and hosts the seat of the City Government. It borders the Dadong District to the northeast, Hunnan District to the south, Heping District to the west, and Huanggu District to the northwest.

text:
# Shenhe, Shenyang

| Shenhe, Shenyang | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Simplified Chinese | 沈河区 |
| Traditional Chinese | 瀋河區 |
| Literal meaning | Shen River |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Shěnhé Qū | |
|  | |

The **Shenhe District** (Chinese: 沈河区; pinyin: *Shěnhé Qū*) is one of ten districts of Shenyang, the capital of Liaoning province and the largest urban center in Northeast China. Shenhe District is where Shenyang's old city (within the long-demolished city walls) resided, currently serves as the one of the two central districts of Shenyang (along with Heping Destrict) and hosts the seat of the City Government. It borders the Dadong District to the northeast, Hunnan District to the south, Heping District to the west, and Huanggu District to the northwest.

## Administrative subdivisions

There are 11 subdistricts within the district.

## Transport

### Rail

Shenhe District is also home to Northeast China's main railway hub, the Shenyang North Railway Station (locally known as the "North Station"). The railways leading to the station forms the border between Shenhe District and the neighbouring eastern portion of Huanggu District. The station building has recently\[*when?*\] undergone a major overhaul and extension.

### Road

Qingnian Street (Chinese: 青年大街; pinyin: *Qīngnián Dà Jiē*; lit. 'Youth Avenue') is the district's primary north–south arterial road that links Beiling Park and Taoxian Airport, separating the southern portion of Shenhe District from the neighbouring southern Heping District.

## Education

The Shenyang Saturday School (Chinese: 沈阳补习授业校; Shěnyáng bǔxí shòu yè xiào, Japanese: 瀋陽補習授業校; Shenyan Hoshū Jugyō Kō), a Japanese weekend school, was established in April 2006 and is located in Shenhe District.

## Visitor attractions

There is the Central Temple (中心庙; *Zhōngxīn Mìao*), built during the Ming dynasty, showing the center of ancient Shenyang. This temple is located just south of the **Middle Street** (中街; *Zhōng Jiē*), one of the most famous shopping streets and the first commercial pedestrian zone in China. Shenhe District is also home to the famous Wu'ai Market (五爱市场; *Wŭài Shìchǎng*), the largest light industry wholesale trading center in the entire Bohai Economic Rim.

Shenhe District is the site of the Mukden Palace, just south of the Central Temple. It is also the site of Zhang Zuolin's former home and headquarters, Shengjing Ancient Cultural Street. In the western Shenhe District there is a Muslim town, and the South Pagoda (南塔; *Nán tǎ*) is located in southern Shenhe District. There are a lot of high-end hotels located in Shenhe District, such as Sheraton, Kempinski, Lexington, Marriott (which is the first Marriott Hotel directly named "Marriott" in mainland China, but due to finance conflicts is not administrated by Marriott International). The iconic 305.5 m (1,002 ft) Liaoning Broadcast and TV Tower is situated alongside Qingnian Street.

## InfoBox

| Shenhe 沈河区 | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
| Buildings along Qingnian Street in southern Shenhe District | |
| ShenheLocation in Liaoning | |
| Coordinates: 41°47′53″N 123°30′09″E / 41.7980°N 123.5026°E / 41.7980; 123.5026 | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Liaoning |
| Sub-provincial city | Shenyang |
| District seat | Huangcheng Subdistrict |
| Area | |
| Total | 60 km2 (20 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census) | |
| Total | 782,628 |
| Density | 13,000/km2 (34,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 110011~110016 |
| Website | www.shenhe.gov.cn |


title: 12 Squadron SAAF

abstract: 12 Squadron was a South African Air Force squadron that served in the Second World War in East Africa and the Western Desert as a medium bomber squadron. After the war, the squadron was used in various roles, including that of a helicopter squadron until 1963, when it was equipped with English Electric Canberra light bombers, remaining a light bomber and reconnaissance squadron until disbanded in 1990.

text:
# 12 Squadron SAAF

**12 Squadron** was a South African Air Force squadron that served in the Second World War in East Africa and the Western Desert as a medium bomber squadron. After the war, the squadron was used in various roles, including that of a helicopter squadron until 1963, when it was equipped with English Electric Canberra light bombers, remaining a light bomber and reconnaissance squadron until disbanded in 1990.

## History

12 Squadron was formed in December 1939. On 16 June 1940 it flew the first SAAF bombing raid against Italian forces in Abysinna when it attacked the town of Moyale using Junkers Ju 86 bombers. 12 Squadron later saw combat during the Second Battle of El Alamein operating Douglas Boston light bombers. In May 1941 the squadron converted to the Martin Maryland, and moved to Egypt. From then until the end of 1941 the squadron formed part of No.3 (S.A.A.F.) Wing (together with 24 Squadron SAAF and No. 113 Squadron RAF) and used its Marylands to attack Axis troop concentrations and bases.

In January 1942 the squadron received the Douglas Boston, using these aircraft on the same roles from 15 March 1942 until the final German surrender in Tunisia. The squadron then moved to Malta, from where it supported the fighting in Sicily and on the Italian mainland, before moving to Italy in October 1943. Assigned to No. 3 Wing with 21 and 24 squadrons.

The Bostons were retained until January 1944, when they were replaced with the new Martin Marauder. Both aircraft were used in a similar role, to attack enemy communications behind the front line, although the Marauder saw more service at day, and against strategic targets.

After the war the squadron flew its aircraft back to Egypt, where in November 1945 it disbanded.

Following the end of the war in Europe the squadron flew South African personnel home until it was disbanded.

12 Squadron was re-formed in October 1946 equipped with Avro Anson aircraft for anti-Tsetse fly spraying duties. It operated in this role in Zululand and Mtubatuba.

The squadron was later re-equipped with Sikorsky S-51 helicopters that were at times also utilised in anti-Tsetse fly spraying duties, it but was eventually made a flight of 28 Squadron.

The squadron was re-formed in late 1963 to operate English Electric Canberra bombers. It was the only SAAF squadron equipped with Canberras, and they were used as both tactical bombers and high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft. The squadron saw combat over Angola during the South African Border War, and remained active with these aircraft in 1981. 12 Squadron was disbanded in 1990.

Two ex-12 Squadron Canberras have been preserved by the SAAF.

## Aircraft

Citations Bibliography

## InfoBox

| 12 Squadron | |
| --- | --- |
| A 12 Squadron Canberra T.4 in February 1982 | |
| Active | 1939–1945?
1946–?
1963–1990 |
| Country |  |
| Branch | South African Air Force |
| Engagements | World War II
South African Border War |
| Insignia | |
| Squadron Identification Code | **VL** 1942 |
| 12 Squadron Insignia |  |


title: Dioptis aeliana

abstract: Dioptis aeliana is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by Henry Walter Bates in 1862. It is found in lowland sites in Amazonian Brazil.

text:
# Dioptis aeliana

***Dioptis aeliana*** is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by Henry Walter Bates in 1862. It is found in lowland sites in Amazonian Brazil.

* Miller, James S. (2009). "Generic revision of the Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 1: Dioptini". *Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History*. **321** (2): 1–676. hdl:2246/5978.

## InfoBox

| *Dioptis aeliana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Notodontidae |
| Genus: | *Dioptis* |
| Species: | ***D. aeliana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dioptis aeliana***<br>Bates, 1862 | |
|


abstract: Southern Power Distribution Company of Telangana Limited, abbreviated as TGSPDCL, is a state electric power distribution company owned by the Government of Telangana for the 15 southern districts of Telangana.

text:
# Telangana State Southern Power Distribution Company Limited

**Southern Power Distribution Company of Telangana Limited**, abbreviated as **TGSPDCL**, is a state electric power distribution company owned by the Government of Telangana for the 15 southern districts of Telangana.

## History

TGSPDCL was incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 as a public limited company on June 2, 2014 with headquarters at Hyderabad to carryout electricity distribution business as part of the unbundling of erstwhile A.P.S.E.B.

Musharraf Ali Faruqui, who is a 2014-batch IAS officer, was appointed as the chairman and managing director of TGSPDCL.

## Infrastructure

TGSPDCL has a vast infrastructure facility in its operating area with 1,605 Nos. of 33/11 KV substations 3,102 Nos. of power transformers, 1,220 Nos. of 33 KV feeders 7,263 Nos. of 11 KV feeders and around 4,22,003 Nos. of distribution transformers of various capacities. In addition to these, solar power is also considered a priority in order to overcome the shortage of power in the state.

## TGSPDCL Network

TGSPDCL covers 15 districts: Mahabubnagar, Narayanpet, Nalgonda, Yadadri Bhuvanagiri, Suryapet, Siddipet, Medchal, Wanaparthy, Nagarkarnool, Jogulamba Gadwal, SangaReddy, Medak, Hyderabad, Vikarabad, and Rangareddy. It provides electricity to approximately 9.75 million consumers.

## InfoBox

Southern Power Distribution Company of Telangana Limited (TGSPDCL)
|
|  |
| Company type | State-owned corporation |
| Industry | Electric power distribution |
| Founded | 2 June 2014 (2014-06-02) |
| Headquarters | Hyderabad, Telangana, India |
| Key people | Musharaff Ali Faruqui (Chairman & Managing Director) |
| Products | Electricity |
| Website | https://www.tgsouthernpower.org/ |


title: Secretary-General of the Executive Yuan

abstract: The secretary-general of the Executive Yuan is the chief of staff of the Executive Yuan, the executive branch of the Taiwan central government, who handles administrative affairs, and is assisted by two deputy secretaries-general.

text:
# Secretary-General of the Executive Yuan

The **secretary-general of the Executive Yuan** is the chief of staff of the Executive Yuan, the executive branch of the Taiwan central government, who handles administrative affairs, and is assisted by two deputy secretaries-general.

## List

Political party:   Kuomintang   Non-partisan/ unknown   Democratic Progressive Party

List of secretaries-general of the Executive Yuan (post-1947 Constitution)
| No. | Name | Image | Term | | Days | Party | Cabinet |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Start | End | | | |
| 1 | Li Weiguo (李惟果) |  | 31 May 1948 | 22 December 1948 | 205 | Kuomintang | Weng Wenhao
Sun Fo |
| 2 | Duanmu Kai (端木愷) |  | 22 December 1948 | 21 March 1949 | 99 | Kuomintang | Sun Fo |
| 3 | Huang Shao-ku (黃少谷) |  | 21 March 1949 | 12 June 1949 | 73 | Kuomintang | He Yingqin |
| 4 | Chia Ching-teh (賈景德) |  | 12 June 1949 | 1950 |  | Kuomintang | Yan Xishan |
| (3) | Huang Shao-ku (黃少谷) |  | 12 March 1950 | 1 June 1954 | 1542 | Kuomintang | Chen Cheng I |
| 5 | Chen Ching-yu (陳慶瑜) |  | 1 June 1954 | 14 July 1958 | 1504 | Kuomintang | Yu Hung-chun
Chen Cheng II |
| 6 | Chen Hsueh-ping (陳雪屏) |  | 14 July 1958 | 29 November 1967 | 3425 | Kuomintang | Chen Cheng II
Yen Chia-kan |
| 7 | Chiang Yen-shih (蔣彥士) |  | 29 November 1967 | 29 May 1972 | 1643 | Kuomintang | Yen Chia-kan |
| 8 | Fei Hua (費驊) |  | 29 May 1972 | 9 June 1976 | 1472 | Kuomintang | Chiang Ching-kuo |
| 9 | Chang Chi-cheng (張繼正) |  | May 1976 | May 1978 |  | Kuomintang | Chiang Ching-kuo |
| 10 | Ma Chi-chuang (馬紀壯) |  | May 1978 | December 1978 |  | Kuomintang | Sun Yun-suan |
| 11 | Chu Shao-hua (瞿韶華) |  | December 1978 | May 1984 |  | Kuomintang | Sun Yun-suan |
| 12 | Wang Chang-ching (王章清) |  | 1 June 1984 | July 1988 |  | Kuomintang | Yu Kuo-hua |
| 13 | Robert Chien (錢純) |  | July 1988 | May 1989 |  | Kuomintang | Yu Kuo-hua |
| 14 | Wang Chao-ming (王昭明) |  | 1989 | 26 February 1993 |  | Kuomintang | Lee Huan
Hau Pei-tsun |
| 15 | Li Ho-kao (李厚高) |  | 26 February 1993 | 14 December 1993 | 291 | Kuomintang | Lien Chan |
| 16 | Chao Shou-po (趙守博) |  | 14 December 1993 | 1 September 1997 | 1357 | Kuomintang | Lien Chan |
| 17 | Chang Yu-hui (張有惠) |  | 1 September 1997 | 27 January 1999 | 513 | Kuomintang | Vincent Siew |
| 18 | Hsieh Shen-shan |  | 27 January 1999 | 20 May 2000 | 479 | Kuomintang | Vincent Siew |
| 19 | Wea Chi-lin (魏啟林) |  | 20 May 2000 | 6 October 2000 | 139 | Democratic Progressive Party | Tang Fei |
| 20 | Chiou I-jen (邱義仁) |  | 6 October 2000 | 1 February 2002 | 483 | Democratic Progressive Party | Chang Chun-hsiung I |
| 21 | Lee Ying-yuan (李應元) |  | 1 February 2002 | 1 July 2002 | 150 | Democratic Progressive Party | Yu Shyi-kun |
| 22 | Liu Shyh-fang (劉世芳) |  | 1 July 2002 | 20 May 2004 | 689 | Democratic Progressive Party | Yu Shyi-kun |
| 23 | Arthur Iap (葉國興) |  | 20 May 2004 | 1 February 2005 | 257 | Independent | Yu Shyi-kun |
| (21) | Lee Ying-yuan (李應元) |  | 1 February 2005 | 14 September 2005 | 225 | Democratic Progressive Party | Frank Hsieh |
| 24 | Cho Jung-tai (卓榮泰) |  | 14 September 2005 | 25 January 2006 | 133 | Democratic Progressive Party | Frank Hsieh |
| 25 | Liu Yuh-san (劉玉山) |  | 25 January 2006 | 21 May 2007 | 481 | Independent | Su Tseng-chang I |
| 26 | Chen Chin-jun (陳景峻) |  | 21 May 2007 | 20 May 2008 | 365 | Democratic Progressive Party | Chang Chun-hsiung II |
| 27 | Hsueh Hsiang-chuan (薛香川) |  | 20 May 2008 | 10 September 2009 | 478 | Kuomintang | Liu Chao-shiuan |
| 28 | Lin Join-sane (林中森) |  | 10 September 2009 | 5 February 2012 | 879 | Kuomintang | Wu Den-yih |
| 29 | Lin Yi-shih (林益世) |  | 6 February 2012 | 29 June 2012 | 144 | Kuomintang | Sean Chen |
| 30 | Chen Shyh-kwei (陳士魁) |  | 10 July 2012 | 7 February 2013 | 212 | Kuomintang | Sean Chen |
| 31 | Chen Wei-zen (陳威仁) |  | 18 February 2013 | 28 February 2014 | 376 | Kuomintang | Jiang Yi-huah |
| 32 | Lee Shu-chuan (李四川) |  | 1 March 2014 | 21 January 2015 | 326 | Kuomintang | Jiang Yi-huah
Mao Chi-kuo |
| 33 | Chien Tai-lang (簡太郎) |  | 24 January 2015 | 20 May 2016 | 482 | Kuomintang | Mao Chi-kuo
Chang San-cheng |
| 34 | Chen Mei-ling (陳美伶) |  | 20 May 2016 | 7 September 2017 | 476 | Independent | Lin Chuan |
| (24) | Cho Jung-tai (卓榮泰) |  | 8 September 2017 | 28 December 2018 | 476 | Democratic Progressive Party | William Lai |
| 35 | Li Meng-yen (李孟諺) |  | 14 January 2019 | Incumbent | 2094 | Independent | Su Tseng-chang II
Chen Chien-jen |
| *36* | *Kung Ming-hsin* (龔明鑫) |  | 20 May 2024 | Designate | 141 | Independent | *Cho Jung-tai* |
|

## InfoBox

| Secretary-General of the Executive Yuan | |
| --- | --- |
| 行政院秘書長 | |
| Incumbent
Kung Ming-hsin
since 20 May 2024 | |
| Website | www.ey.gov.tw/Page/39B565398710A785 |


title: Utah Airways

abstract: Utah Airways is a commercial and private charter/tour airline based in Ogden, Utah.

text:
# Utah Airways

**Utah Airways** is a commercial and private charter/tour airline based in Ogden, Utah.

## History

Utah Airways was started by two pilot friends to provide tours between Ogden and various national park locations. Operations began January 5, 2015. The airline also provides scheduled flights from Salt Lake City to Wendover, Utah. It added limited, unsubsidized service to Moab in October 2015, after SkyWest Airlines dropped the destination and Great Lakes Airlines failed to commence its proposed subsidized service.

## Current destinations

As of January 2016, Utah Airways destinations include:

## Fleet

As of January 2016, the Utah Airways fleet consists of the following aircraft:

**Utah Airways fleet**
| Aircraft | In service | Orders | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Piper PA-31 Navajo | 2 |  | operated by Snowshoe Air |

## InfoBox

Utah Airways
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Commenced operations | January 5, 2015 (2015-01-05) |
| Hubs | Ogden-Hinckley Airport |
| Headquarters | Ogden, Utah |
| Key people | David Story (Founder)<br> |
| Website | www.flyutahair.com |


title: Charles Upfold

abstract: Charles Upfold, Justice of the Peace, was an English soap manufacturer of great prominence in Australia. He was also a Director of Aberdare Collieries Co. Ltd., and the Chairman of the board of management for its railways.

text:
# Charles Upfold

**Charles Upfold** (15 December 1834 – 14 March 1919), Justice of the Peace (9 September 1887), was an English soap manufacturer of great prominence in Australia. He was also a Director of Aberdare Collieries Co. Ltd., and the Chairman of the board of management for its railways.

## Family & background

Charles Upfold was born in Grove Street, Walworth Common, (both now gone), Surrey (today Walworth, London), then a prosperous middle-class district. His father, John Upfold, was a fellmonger. Charles was baptised in Sir John Soane's new St.Peter's Church of England at Walworth, on 7 January 1835. An excellent photograph of this splendid church can be found on page 206 of *London's Churches* by Christopher Hibbert.

Charles Upfold served his apprenticeship as a soap maker with John Knight & Co. at their Wapping soapworks in London, just across the river from the parishes where Charles's father resided and worked. *Knight's Castile* soap is still sold today. His sister, Eliza, married James Knight. Charles was later a Director of Knights.

Charles appears on the UK 1851 Census Return, with his parents and married sister Eliza Knight at 11 Brandon Street, parish of St.Mary Newington, London, (then in Surrey), where he is described as a "soap maker".

## Business in New South Wales

In 1860 he was already engaged in business in New South Wales and upon his marriage at West Maitland, New South Wales in 1864 (to Sarah, née Blundell, from Finchley), he was described as a "soap maker". When his first son, John, was born in 1865 at Morpeth, New South Wales, Charles was described as a soap-boiler, aged 27 years and born at Walworth, London, England. When his son Robert was born in 1869, Charles was described as a "soap manufacturer".

That year Charles Upfold purchased the soap and candle factory of Frederick Nainby at Wickham and Honeysuckle Point, Newcastle, and in the *Newcastle Chronicle* of 16 May 1869 there is a reference to the "Great Northern Soap and Candle Works, proprietor, Charles Upfold." By the following year Upfolds plants were producing 9,420 hundredweight of soap and 600 cwt of candles. By 1872 soap production had increased to 21,000 cwt. Most was exported, much to China. That year Upfold expanded his Australian trading links by establishing a Sydney office at 50 Clarence Street.

In 1877 Charles Upfold had been back in London and visiting factories in England. The following year he is listed under Wickham, in Newcastle, "Charles Upfold, soap manufacturer". Also in Wickham were Charles's three brothers-in-law, Albert, James, and John Blundell, who came from Finchley, Middlesex, (north London), and were clearly all working for Charles as their occupations are given as soap-boilers.

## Expansion

In 1885 Charles Upfold was rapidly expanding his industrial base, having purchased further land at Newcastle, this time from Peter Crebert, a wine merchant, whose daughter Elizabeth would later marry Charles's eldest son, John. Upfold's company called for tenders for the building of a new works costing £50,000, and the installation of machinery valued at a further £83,000, on a twenty two acres site at Port Waratah, close to the Ferndale Colliery at Tighe's Hill, whence cheap coal was expected. The soap making equipment was the 'newest American' but English manufacturers had supplied the candle making plant. These works were the largest in Australia.

A journalist wrote in 1886: "A representative of this journal called at the Tighe's Hill Soap Works on Saturday last to see what progress was being made. There are four distinct departments: 1. The manufacture of soap – toilet, household and soft, 2. Stearine and parafine candles, 3. Refining glycerine, 4. Making all kinds of lubricating oils and machinery grease. The soap department is very nearly in full swing. Toilet soap was started last Saturday. Large quantities of candles are being turned out, which have to be pronounced up to the highest standard, imported or colonial. Preparations are in full swing for exhibiting the works in the fullest manner on the occasion of Lord & Lady Carrington's visit. At the Wickham works plant is being erected for the manufacture of blue, blacking and grocer's sundries. Altogether, this is one of the most gigantic undertakings of its kind in Australia."

He eventually controlled the colony's largest soap industry – The Sydney Soap and Candle Company, in which John Ambrose Kitchen, who had a small factory at Melbourne, had a minority interest, was registered 25 July 1885. As the name implies, the registered office, along with a smaller factory at Botany, was at Sydney, the capital city of the colony, but the biggest works by far were at Tighes Hill, Newcastle. Probably their most famous product, one which stood the test of time, was *Siren* soap, which was later renamed *Velvet*. It was still being marketed in N.S.W., by Unilever in the latter part of the 20th century. Many argued that it was superior to Lever Bros famous *Sunlight* soap.

In the 1888 *Official Post Office Directory for New South Wales*, Newcastle District, (p. 424), there appears "Upfold, Charles, soap factory".

On 6 April 1895 the *Newcastle Morning Herald* carried a large article entitled "Departure of Mr Charles Upfold – Citizen's Send-off". Charles was about to depart for England, Europe and America, and a large function was given in his honour at the Centennial Hotel in Newcastle, with an impressive guest list of local worthies. He returned from that overseas trip at the end of September and another large article describing his tour appeared in the same newspaper on 3 October 1895.

In 1895 the Port Waratah works employed over 500 people. In 1898 his son, Robert Wallace Upfold, now manager of the soap & candle factory, was married to Clara, daughter of John Scholey, (a local landowner and colliery proprietor from Leeds; described in the 1901 *Federal Directory* as a "gentleman"). Charles Upfold, the father, is described on the certificate as "Managing Director – Soap Works". Robert had a residence in Woodstock Street, North Waratah, and the 1901 *Federal Directory of Newcastle & District* records him as a "manufacturer".

On 21 October 1899, Charles Upfold was mentioned as being on the committee of the Newcastle Chamber of Commerce.

The late professor John Turner wrote: "the modern technology and large scale of the Sydney Soap and Candle Company made it the outstanding industrial establishment of its kind. Upfold had wide experience of colonial conditions and constructed his Port Waratah works on recent British and American lines, in a location which gave unequalled access to tallow and coal."

He appears to have taken an additional interest in mining. In 1897 he was part of a syndicate which was proposing to purchase a gold mine at Barraba, New South Wales. In 1904 he was also a Director (along with his friend John Scholey) of Aberdare Collieries Co.Ltd., and the Chairman of the board of management for its railways.

On 2 September 1899 he left Sydney on board the Oceanic Steamship Company's RMS *Alameda* for Samoa to arrange for purchases of shipments of copra.

## Civic, family, and death

In 1871 Charles Upfold was an Alderman on the Wickham Municipal Council, Newcastle. and he was still there in 1878 when he held Tighe's Hill Ward. However the following year he resigned. In 1884 through to 1896, he was an elected Alderman on Waratah Municipal Council, near Newcastle.

On 9 September 1887 he was made a magistrate and frequently sat upon the bench.

Upfold was listed as vice-president of the New Year's Day "Newcastle Regatta" in 1893 and 1900.

In March 1893 Upfold and his eldest son Robert contracted serious food poisoning after eating tinned meat on a picnic. They were reported as being in a "very bad way" in Newcastle Hospital.

In 1899 he is mentioned as a vice-president of the Newcastle Agricultural, Horticultural, and Industrial Association (Patron, Lord Beauchamp), more commonly known as the Newcastle Show Society, when it was negotiating with the Australian Agricultural Company for land for a showground.

On 26 February 1900 Upfold laid the Foundation Stone of the Tighe's Hill School of Arts, Newcastle. The stone remains in situ today. He was involved in the Victoria Theatre Company which erected, in 1890, Newcastle's first theatre of an international standard. For many years he was also a member of the committee of the Newcastle Jockey Club.

Charles Upfold built a large mansion on a piece of land in Crebert Street, North Waratah (now Mayfield), given to him by his friend John Scholey. It was later sold to the famous biscuit manufacturer William Arnott who sold it in 1898 to Isaac Winn, owner of the big Newcastle department store. It is today a home for the aged, owned by the Methodist Church. Charles Upfold subsequently purchased a small estate, 'Orange Grove', near Raymond Terrace, containing extensive orchards, vineyards, and a dairy farm, where he built another fine country residence. He subsequently retired and moved to Chatswood, Sydney, where he died.

Upfold and his wife, Sarah Ann Temperance (née Blundell) (b. 1843, Finchley Common, – d.1921, Cronulla, Sydney) had ten children: four sons and six daughters.

Following his death the Upfold shares were bought by Lever Bros who were busy acquiring the paid up capital of Kitchen & Co., of Melbourne, Victoria, who had merged during The Great War with the Sydney Soap & Candle Co. John H. Kitchen, Managing Director of the Sydney Soap & Candle Company, testified in an Inquiry in Sydney on Friday 7 December 1917 that in 1914 Lever Brothers in England had acquired one-fifth of the company shares. This new amalgamated firm later became Lever & Kitchen.

Eventually, Levers gained full control & dropped the 'Kitchen' altogether. With the decline in candle-making, the Sino-Japanese war (much of Charles Upfold's exports went to China – he had warehouses in Canton and his son Robert spoke Cantonese), coupled with the now ageing plant, the Newcastle factory was closed down just before World War II, a great blow to the city. A new factory for the Australian Wire Rope Works was built upon its site.

A very long street in the suburb of Mayfield is named Upfold Street after the great man himself.

Upfold was buried in the Congregational section of the Gore Hill Cemetery, Sydney, his funeral service was conducted by a Church of England minister, Rev. Alfred G.Perkins. There were numerous notices and obituaries in the newspapers following his death.

* *Historical Records of Newcastle 1797–1897*, published at Newcastle, N.S.W., in 1897, pps: 19,68,71, and adverts.
* *The Federal Directory of Newcastle and District*, Newcastle, 1901 (reprinted 1981, ISBN 0-9593518-0-9 )
* *Lever Business in Australasia, 1889–1930* (no date) p. 20.
* *The Story of John Knight Ltd* in the Lever Brothers magazine *Progress*, Spring 1932, pp. 60/65.
* *Charles Upfold and the Sydney Soap and Candle Factory* by W. J. Goold, in the *Monthly Journal of the Newcastle & Hunter District Historical Society*; Vol. III, part VII, April 1949.
* "The Story of John Ambrose Kitchen" in the Unilever Australia *Reporter*, September 1956, pp. 20/23.
* *The History of Unilever*, by Charles Wilson, London: Cassell, 1970, pp. 15–17, 123–124, 197–198.
* *Manufacturing in Newcastle 1801–1900* by John W. Turner, Newcastle, 1980, pp. 50–51,55–57, 66–68, 95–96. ISBN 0-9599385-7-5
* Hibbert, Christopher; Street, Tessa; Black, Martin, 1956- (1988). *London's churches*. Macdonald / Queen Anne Press. ISBN 978-0-356-12762-0.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

## InfoBox

| Charles Upfold | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1834-12-15)15 December 1834<br>Walworth, England |
| Died | 14 March 1919(1919-03-14) (aged 84) |
| Burial place | Gore Hill Cemetery |


title: Shailung Rural Municipality

abstract: Shailung is a rural municipality located within the Dolakha District of the Bagmati Province of Nepal. The municipality spans 96.30 square kilometres (37.18 sq mi) of area, with a total population of 20,098 according to a 2011 Nepal census. On March 10, 2017, the Government of Nepal restructured the local level bodies into 753 new local level structures. The previous Dudhpokhari, Bhusapheda, Magapauwa, Katakuti, Phasku and Shailungeshwar VDCs were merged to form Shailung. Shailung is divided into 8 wards, with Katakuti declared the administrative center of the rural municipality.

text:
# Shailung Rural Municipality

**Shailung** is a rural municipality located within the Dolakha District of the Bagmati Province of Nepal. The municipality spans 96.30 square kilometres (37.18 sq mi) of area, with a total population of 20,098 according to a 2011 Nepal census.

On March 10, 2017, the Government of Nepal restructured the local level bodies into 753 new local level structures. The previous Dudhpokhari, Bhusapheda, Magapauwa, Katakuti, Phasku and Shailungeshwar VDCs were merged to form Shailung. Shailung is divided into 8 wards, with Katakuti declared the administrative center of the rural municipality.

## Demographics

At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Shailung Rural Municipality had a population of 19,698. Of these, 68.8% spoke Nepali, 30.6% Tamang, 0.1% Maithili, 0.1% Newar, 0.1% Sherpa and 0.2% other languages as their first language.

In terms of ethnicity/caste, 34.4% were Chhetri, 31.0% Tamang, 19.3% Newar, 5.0% Kami, 2.9% Hill Brahmin, 2.7% Magar, 1.6% Gharti/Bhujel, 1.5% Damai/Dholi, 0.7% Gurung, 0.2% Sanyasi/Dasnami, 0.2% Thami, 0.1% Badi, 0.1% Ghale, 0.1% Sarki, 0.1% Sherpa and 0.2% others.

In terms of religion, 65.6% were Hindu, 32.4% Buddhist, 1.9% Christian and 0.1% others.

In terms of literacy, 59.9% could read and write, 2.1% could only read and 38.0% could neither read nor write.

## InfoBox

| Shailung शैलुङ गाउँपालिकाSailung Bhanjyang | |
| --- | --- |
| Rural Municipality | |
| ShailungLocationShailungShailung (Nepal) | |
| Coordinates: 27°38′N 85°59′E / 27.63°N 85.98°E / 27.63; 85.98 | |
| Country | Nepal |
| Province | Bagmati |
| District | Dolakha |
| Wards | 8 |
| Established | 10 March 2017 |
| Government | |
| Type | Rural Council |
| Chairperson | Mr. Bharat Prasad Dulal |
| Vice-chairperson | Mrs. Lalmaya Yonjan (Ghising) |
| Area | |
| Total | 96.30 km2 (37.18 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 20,098 |
| Density | 210/km2 (540/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+5:45 (Nepal Standard Time) |
| Headquarter | Katakuti |
| Website | shailungmun.gov.np |


title: Regrelor

abstract: Regrelor is an experimental antiplatelet drug that was under investigation by Merck Sharp and Dohme in human clinical trials. Although it was initially found to be well tolerated in healthy subjects, safety concerns led to cessation of clinical trials.

text:
# Regrelor

**Regrelor** (also known as **INS50589**) is an experimental antiplatelet drug that was under investigation by Merck Sharp and Dohme in human clinical trials. Although it was initially found to be well tolerated in healthy subjects, safety concerns led to cessation of clinical trials.

## Medical uses

Regrelor is an experimental drug. It is classified as an antiplatelet medication. It was under investigation for use in blood clotting problems, as well as during coronary artery bypass surgery.

### Available forms

Regrelor is available in an intravenous formulation.

## Pharmacology

Regrelor is classified as a purinergic P2 receptor (P2Y12) antagonist. Other compounds in the same mechanistic class include clopidogrel and ticagrelor. It is characterized as a reversible, competitive receptor antagonist. The IC50 for antagonism of ADP-induced (P2Y12-mediated) platelet aggregation was 16 nM *in vitro*.

Regrelor's primary metabolite is called INS51088.

## Chemistry

Regrelor is structurally similar to AMP, just like ticagrelor. Regrelor has 4 hydrogen bond donors and 11 acceptors. It is produced as a disodium salt. The two sodium atoms bind the negatively charged phosphate moiety in solution.

### Synthesis

Regrelor was synthesized from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), an endogenous chemical involved in metabolism. The authors noted that the addition of a lipophilic moiety like cinnamaldehyde at the C-2' and C-3' positions, combined with ethylurea at N-6 on the adenine base, yielded regrelor.

## History

Regrelor was developed around the same time as prasugrel and cangrelor. After Inspire Pharmaceuticals initially developed the drug, it was purchased by Merck Sharp and Dohme.

## Research

Pre-clinical experiments in rats, dogs, and monkeys found that the drug acted quickly to inhibit platelet aggregation, and that baseline function was restored quickly after discontinuation of treatment.

In a phase 1 clinical trial sponsored by Merck Sharp and Dohme Corporation, regrelor was well tolerated in healthy volunteers. In 2008, phase 2 trials were discontinued. It is believed that further development of the drug was ceased due to safety reasons. In the trial, there was an increased risk of bleeding for patients on regrelor.

## InfoBox

Regrelor
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Clinical data | |
| Drug class | antiplatelet drug |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * \[(2S,3aR,4R,6R,6aR)-6-\[6-(ethylcarbamoylamino)purin-9-yl\]-2-\[(E)-2-phenylethenyl\]-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro\[4,3-d\]\[1,3\]dioxol-4-yl\]methyl dihydrogen phosphate | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| KEGG |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C22H25N6O8P |
| Molar mass | 532.450 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * CCNC(=O)NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2C3C4C(C(O3)COP(=O)(O)O)OC(O4)C=CC5=CC=CC=C5 | |
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title: Sherwood-Hillsborough

abstract: Sherwood-Hillsborough was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island, Canada. It was created for the 1996 election out of the dual member 5th Queens riding. It was divided prior to the 2007 election into Charlottetown-Sherwood, Tracadie-Hillsborough Park and Charlottetown-Parkdale.

text:
# Sherwood-Hillsborough

**Sherwood-Hillsborough** was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island, Canada. It was created for the 1996 election out of the dual member 5th Queens riding. It was divided prior to the 2007 election into Charlottetown-Sherwood, Tracadie-Hillsborough Park and Charlottetown-Parkdale.

## Members

The riding elected the following members of the Legislative Assembly:

| Members of the Legislative Assembly for Sherwood-Hillsborough | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Assembly | Years | Member | | Party |
| *See 5th Queens 1873–1996* | | | | |
| 60th | 1996–2000 |  | Elmer MacFadyen | Progressive Conservative |
| 61st | 2000–2003 | | | |
| 62nd | 2003–2007 | | | |
| *See Charlottetown-Sherwood, Tracadie-Hillsborough Park and Charlottetown-Parkdale* | | | | |

## Election results

| 2003 Prince Edward Island general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Elmer MacFadyen | 1,480 | 51.00 | -12.00 |
|  | Liberal | Robert Mitchell | 1,347 | 46.42 | +16.36 |
|  | New Democratic | Ronald G. Kelly | 75 | 2.58 | -4.36 |
| Total valid votes | | | 2,902 | 100.0 |
|  | Progressive Conservative **hold** | | Swing | | -14.18 |

| 2000 Prince Edward Island general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Elmer MacFadyen | 1,815 | 63.00 | +10.24 |
|  | Liberal | Allan Poulton | 866 | 30.06 | -10.29 |
|  | New Democratic | Victoria Hill | 200 | 6.94 | +0.05 |
| Total valid votes | | | 2,881 | 100.0 |
|  | Progressive Conservative **hold** | | Swing | | +10.26 |

| 1996 Prince Edward Island general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Progressive Conservative | Elmer MacFadyen | 1,585 | 52.76 |
|  | Liberal | Larry Hughes | 1,212 | 40.35 |
|  | New Democratic | Ronald Kelly | 207 | 6.89 |
| Total valid votes | | | 3,004 | 100.0 |
| This district was created from parts of the dual-member riding of 5th Queens | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Sherwood-Hillsborough
| Prince Edward Island electoral district | |
| --- | --- |
| Defunct provincial electoral district | |
| Legislature | Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island |
| District created | 1996 |
| District abolished | 2007 |
| First contested | 1996 |
| Last contested | 2003 |
| Demographics | |
| Census division(s) | Queens County |
| Census subdivision(s) | Charlottetown |


title: Universal Studios Theme Parks Adventure

abstract: Universal Studios Japan Adventure Universal Studios Theme Parks Adventure, known in Japan as Universal Studios Japan Adventure, is a 2001 video game developed by Nai'a Digital Works and published by Kemco for the GameCube. Set in the Universal Studios Japan park, the object of the game is to complete several mini-games loosely based on the real-life attractions Back to the Future: The Ride, Jaws, Jurassic Park River Adventure, E.T. Adventure, Backdraft, Wild, Wild, Wild West Stunt Show, and Waterworld. The player is encouraged to collect trash located in the park, wear merchandise based on the respective franchises, and complete movie quizzes, in which the player must answer trivia questions about the Universal Studios films. The game was panned by critics for its tedious gameplay, poor graphics and anomalous concept. It is frequently considered as one of the worst video games ever made.

text:
# Universal Studios Theme Parks Adventure

***Universal Studios Theme Parks Adventure***, known in Japan as ***Universal Studios Japan Adventure*** (ユニバーサル・スタジオ・ジャパン・アドベンチャー, *Yunibāsaru sutajio japan adobenchā*), is a 2001 video game developed by Nai'a Digital Works and published by Kemco for the GameCube. Set in the Universal Studios Japan park, the object of the game is to complete several mini-games loosely based on the real-life attractions Back to the Future: The Ride, Jaws, Jurassic Park River Adventure, E.T. Adventure, Backdraft, Wild, Wild, Wild West Stunt Show, and Waterworld. The player is encouraged to collect trash located in the park, wear merchandise based on the respective franchises, and complete movie quizzes, in which the player must answer trivia questions about the Universal Studios films.

The game was panned by critics for its tedious gameplay, poor graphics and anomalous concept. It is frequently considered as one of the worst video games ever made.

## Gameplay

The object of the game is to collect stamps by going on rides throughout the park. To get on the rides, the player needs points, collected from picking up trash around the park and putting it into trash cans. The player can also meet and shake hands with costumed characters inside the park for additional points. The game uses a fixed camera that does not move or zoom in with the player. There are set camera vantages that the player moves in and out of by going outside of the field of view to go to the next camera point. Rides include Back to the Future: The Ride, Jaws, Jurassic Park River Adventure, and E.T. Adventure. Minigames, hosted by Woody Woodpecker, include a Universal Studios quiz of film-related questions and puzzle games such as Concentration (memory match).

## Reception

The game was panned by critics. Matt Casamassina of IGN criticized the game's graphics, comparing it to a "bad N64 game", and noted that the game still suffered frame-rate issues. UGO rated the game #78 on their list of "The Worst Video Games of All Time." Brad Shoemaker of *GameSpot* panned it in his review, saying: "The game is too frustrating and convoluted for kids to have any fun with it, and all but the most desperate adult GameCube fans will find it tedious and unentertaining as well." Matt Casamassina of IGN also panned it, calling it "a jumbled mess of disorganized goals, sloppy navigation and boring destinations topped off with incredibly dated graphics and an overall adventure that can fairly easily be beaten, if one has the stomach for it" and concluded: "Not recommended for young or adult gamers." It remained *NGC Magazine UK*'s lowest-rated GameCube game until surpassed by *Batman: Dark Tomorrow*.

## InfoBox

| Universal Studios<br>Theme Parks Adventure | |
| --- | --- |
| North American cover art | |
| Developer(s) | Nai'a Digital Works |
| Publisher(s) | Kemco |
| Director(s) | Mikio Ueyama |
| Composer(s) | * Akihito Okawa * Houzou Okazaki |
| Platform(s) | GameCube |
| Release | * JP: December 7, 2001 * NA: December 18, 2001 * PAL: May 3, 2002 |
| Genre(s) | Party |
| Mode(s) | Single-player, multiplayer |