title: Battle of Szikszó

abstract: The third and largest Battle of Szikszó was fought in October 1588 between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Ottoman Empire as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian wars. The Hungarian forces were fewer in number, but were victorious over the Ottomans. This unexpected victory was even mentioned by Emperor Rudolf decades after the battle. It was one of the most important Hungarian victories in the post-Mohács period.

text:
# Battle of Szikszó

The third and largest **Battle of Szikszó** was fought in October 1588 between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Ottoman Empire as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian wars. The Hungarian forces were fewer in number, but were victorious over the Ottomans. This unexpected victory was even mentioned by Emperor Rudolf decades after the battle. It was one of the most important Hungarian victories in the post-Mohács period.

## Events

In 1588, Pasha Sina of Buda marched with his soldiers towards Szikszó, which belonged to Hungary and refused to pay taxes to Porta. On October 8, Ottoman soldiers were already in the market town and looting when the border fort's rescue army led by Captain Sigismund Rákóczi from Eger arrived. In contrast to the Ottoman army of 11,000 the Hungarian-German army could have been 2,400–2,500. Despite the superiority, the latter still won. More than two thousand Ottomans and about 400–500 Hungarians and Germans were dead in the clash. In the wake of this incident, the Habsburg court in Prague suspended the payment of a “fair gift” of 30,000 gold a year, fixed in the Drinapolis peace, in response to which Porta threatened war.

## Prelude

In 1588, Szikszó already owed 1,000 gold tax, so Sinan Pasha of Buda organized a punitive tax collect campaign. The six thousand cavalry and the same number of infantry were led by Kara Ali Beg, the commander of Fehérvár, against Putnok and then, after he could not take it, set off in the direction of Szikszó.

## The battle

On the afternoon of October 8, the Pasha arrived under the city and immediately began the siege of the church fortress, which was protected by armed citizens. After two hours of siege, however, he was forced to retreat, because the rescue teams led by Major Sigismund Rákóczi from Eger arrived around 5 o'clock. With 2,000 Hungarian warriors and 500 German warriors. Kara Ali set fire to the church and the houses around it, then retreated to the Hernád-Velvet triangle, where he arranged his army. He arranged the riders on the right wing and the Janissaries on the left wing, setting up his four cannons in the middle. Rákóczi's army was led in the middle by István Drugeth Homonnai, chief of Zemplén, the most famous knight of Upper Hungary, the black shield horsemen attacked the left wing, while the German riflemen collided with the Janissaries. Kara Ali was seriously injured at the very beginning of the battle, so the command was taken over by Mustafa Szécsény, who also fell shortly afterwards. At that time the Janissaries broke through the army of the attacking Hungarian armies, István Drugeth was captured, and Rákóczi was already considering retreating, when the Hungarian left wing rushed to the aid of the Germans, and thus managed to repel the Janissaries. The order of war was completely disintegrated, and the struggle against man dragged on into the late night. By this time, the third Turkish chief, Bajazid basa, the leader of the Janissaries, had also fallen. Heling, the captain of the Germans, also fell. By 11, the Turkish armies ran away. The cavalry chased them to Sajó, and he also managed to free his Homons. 1,700 Turkish and hundreds of Hungarian and German soldiers died in the battle.

## Aftermath

The common grave where the dead were buried has since been called Törökhalom. With this victory, Sigismund Rákóczi became famous, Emperor Rudolf, even decades after the battle, mentioned the brilliant triumph, which was especially valuable because of the difference in the numbers of the two armies.

## InfoBox

| Battle of Szikszó | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Ottoman–Hungarian war | |
| Date October 8, 1588  Location near the town Szikszó, Kingdom of Hungary  Result  Hungarian victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Habsburg Monarchy | Ottoman Empire |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Sigismund Rákóczi, Homonnai Drugeth István | Kara Ali bey , Mustafa bey |
| Strength | |
| 2,500 | 12,000<br>plus cannons |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 200–300 | 1,700 |


title: Battle of Szydłowiec

abstract: The Battle of Szydłowiec took place in the night of 22–23 January 1863, during the January Uprising. It began when Polish insurgents under Captain August Jasiński and Colonel Marian Langiewicz attacked the town of Szydłowiec, where a garrison of the Imperial Russian Army stayed. Szydlowiec was defended by an infantry regiment under Major Rudigier. Polish insurgents attacked the town three times, but after initial successes, they were forced to retreat, losing five men. The town eventually remained in Russian hands. After retreating, Langiewicz's unit went to Wąchock. Five insurgents were killed, several wounded, and three wounded Poles were taken prisoner by the Russians. Among the Polish casualties were high school students. Russian losses totaled 24 killed, wounded or taken prisoner.

text:
# Battle of Szydłowiec

The **Battle of Szydłowiec** took place in the night of 22–23 January 1863, during the January Uprising. It began when Polish insurgents under Captain August Jasiński and Colonel Marian Langiewicz attacked the town of Szydłowiec (Congress Poland), where a garrison of the Imperial Russian Army stayed.

Szydlowiec was defended by an infantry regiment under Major Rudigier. Polish insurgents attacked the town three times, but after initial successes, they were forced to retreat, losing five men. The town eventually remained in Russian hands. After retreating, Langiewicz's unit went to Wąchock.

Five insurgents were killed, several wounded, and three wounded Poles were taken prisoner by the Russians. Among the Polish casualties were high school students. Russian losses totaled 24 killed, wounded or taken prisoner.

## InfoBox

| Battle of Szydłowiec | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the January Uprising | |
| Date 22–23 January 1863  Location Szydłowiec51°13′26″N 20°51′26″E / 51.22389°N 20.85722°E / 51.22389; 20.85722  Result  Russian victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Polish insurgents | Russian Empire |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Captain August Jasiński<br>Colonel Marian Langiewicz | Major Rudigier |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 5 dead, several wounded, 3 POWs | 24 dead, wounded and POWs |
| class=notpageimage|Location within Poland | |


title: Baudette International Airport

abstract: Baudette International Airport is a county-owned public-use airport located one mile (2 km) north of the central business district of Baudette, a city in Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota, United States. Also known as Baudette International Airport & Seaplane Base, it is located on the Rainy River, which is the border between Minnesota in the U.S. and Ontario in Canada.

text:
# Baudette International Airport

**Baudette International Airport** (IATA: **BDE**, ICAO: **KBDE**, FAA LID: **BDE**) is a county-owned public-use airport located one mile (2 km) north of the central business district of Baudette, a city in Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota, United States. Also known as **Baudette International Airport & Seaplane Base**, it is located on the Rainy River, which is the border between Minnesota in the U.S. and Ontario in Canada.

## Facilities and aircraft

Baudette International Airport covers an area of 364 acres (147 ha) at an altitude of 1,086 feet (331 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 12/30 with a 5,499 x 100 ft (1,676 x 30 m) asphalt surface. The airport also has a seaplane landing area designated 13W/31W and measuring 6,000 x 1,200 ft (1,829 x 366 m) which is located on Rainy River. It shares its airspace and waterway with neighboring Rainy River Water Aerodrome in Canada.

For the 12-month period ending January 30, 2012, the airport had 12,825 aircraft operations, an average of 35 per day: 94% general aviation, 5% air taxi and 1% military. At that time there were 11 aircraft based at this airport: 15 single-engine, 1 multi-engine, 1 ultralight.

1. FAA Airport Form 5010 for BDE PDF, effective 2011-01-13
2. "Baudette International Airport & Seaplane Base (BDE)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 7, 2008. page at Minnesota DOT airport directory

## InfoBox

| Baudette International Airport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Owner | Lake of the Woods County |
| Serves | Baudette, Minnesota |
| Elevation AMSL | 1,086 ft / 331 m |
| Coordinates | 48°43′42″N 094°36′44″W / 48.72833°N 94.61222°W / 48.72833; -94.61222 |
| Map | |
| **BDE**Location of airport in Minnesota/United States**BDE****BDE** (the United States) | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  12/30 5,499 1,676 Asphalt  13W/31W 6,000 1,829 Water | |
| Statistics (2010) | |
| Aircraft operations 12,825  Based aircraft 17 | |
| Source: Federal Aviation Administration | |


title: Revere (band)

abstract: Revere was an English indie rock band based in London, England, active between c.2005-2016

text:
# Revere (band)

**Revere** (stylised as **REVERE**) was an English indie rock band based in London, England, active between c.2005-2016

## History

### 2005-2010: Early years and Hey! Selim

Initially formed by Stephen Ellis, Revere (named after a comic-strip in 2000AD) wrote and performed with a rotating line up until 2005 when Ellis relocated to London. The band self-released several singles and EPs in 2005-06, including 'Learning to Breathe' and "Chloroform".

Revere spent the years between 2007 and 2010 touring, and working on their debut album. In spring 2010, the band embarked on a UK tour to promote the release of their third single "We Won't Be Here Tomorrow".

September 2010 saw the release of Revere's debut album *Hey! Selim*. Two tracks were released as lead-up singles, "The Escape Artist" and "We Won't Be Here Tomorrow". The band recorded an in-studio session for "BBC Introducing".

### 2011-2014: *My Mirror / Your Target*

Revere regrouped to compose and rehearse more material in 2011. A new song, "What Am I If I'm Not Even Dust" was performed on BBC Radio London's Sunday Sessions. The end of 2011 saw the release of four digital remix EPs entitled *Revere: Reworked #'s 1-4*. In November 2011, Revere toured the UK with Malian kora player and 2-time Grammy Award winner Toumani Diabaté. Toward the end of the tour, Revere and Diabaté recorded several tracks together, including a cover of Joy Division's "Love Will Tear Us Apart". In early 2012, Stephen Ellis returned to The Southbank Centre to accompany Vieux Farka Touré on the track "All The Same" (originally performed by Dave Matthews).

In February 2012, Revere won Channel 5's "Send Us Your Music" competition; their prize was a video for their new song "Keep This Channel Open".

In May 2012, the band launched a Pledgemusic campaign to help fund their second, then untitled, album. In June 2012, the band released its debut single from the album "Keep This Channel Open" and by September 2012, the album had reached its Pledgemusic goals. In November 2012, the band announced that their second album would be called *My Mirror / Your Target*.

In January 2013, the band announced details of their next single, "I Won't Blame You", scheduled for release in spring. In August 2013, the band signed with V2 Benelux to release the album in October 2013 to Holland and Belgium with other countries the following year. In the same month, the band released its third single from the album "These Halcyon Days". Its B-side was a cover of Depeche Mode's "Enjoy the Silence" and also featured Florence + the Machine's harpist, Tom Moth.

In April 2014, the album saw release in UK along with its final single "A Road from a Flood", also featuring a cover of Scott Walker's "Boy Child".

### 2015-2016: Man of Atom and split

In September 2015, the band signed with Dutch record label Final 500 Records to release an EP called *Man of Atom*. The EP was released in Holland in November 2015 with lead single "Take Cover". In April 2016, the band announced the UK release of the EP as well as new single "Last Bridge Standing", both for May 2016.

On 10 October 2016, the band announced they were to split up after two final shows, and released a final video from the *Man of Atom* EP for the track "Sonder".

On 4 November Revere released their final album, *Collected Recordings Vol. II - Fell On Deaf Ears*, a compilation of archive demo and live recordings dating back to 1998. The album was accompanied by a previously unreleased music video for the track "Out Of My Depth".

The final Revere show was a V11 in Rotterdam on 3 December 2016, and was subsequently voted the 11th-best concert to take place in a Rotown-group owned venue in 2016.

## InfoBox

| REVERE | |
| --- | --- |
| Revere onstage at Wychwood Festival, 2011 | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | London, England |
| Genres | Post-rock, indie-rock, chamber pop |
| Years active | Circa 2006–2016 |
| Labels | Albino Recordings; V2 Benelux |
|  | |
| Past members | Stephen Ellis
Ellie Wilson
Nicholas Hirst
Ruban Byrne
Kathleen McKie
Ian Cotterill
Jay Chakravorty
Thom Ashworth
Nathaniel Mumford
Andrew Hawke
Jonathan Fletcher
Seb Pidgeon
Marc Rollins
Russell Cook
James Garnett
Raphael Saib
Brian O'Hare |
|  | |
| Website | Official website |


title: Battle of Ürümqi (1870)

abstract: The Battle of Ürümqi was a battle waged by Yaqub Beg's Turkic kingdom of Yettishar against Chinese Muslim rebels in Ürümqi in a bid to conquer all of Xinjiang and subjugate Chinese Muslims under his control.

text:
# Battle of Ürümqi (1870)

The **Battle of Ürümqi** (Chinese: 迪化之戰) was a battle waged by Yaqub Beg's Turkic kingdom of Yettishar against Chinese Muslim rebels in Ürümqi in a bid to conquer all of Xinjiang and subjugate Chinese Muslims under his control.

## Battle

Yaqub Beg's Turkic Andijani Uzbek Muslim forces declared a Jihad against Chinese Muslims (Dungans) under T'o Ming (Tuo Ming a.k.a. Daud Khalifa) during the Dungan Revolt. Yaqub Beg enlisted non Muslim Han Chinese militia under Xu Xuegong (Hsu Hsuehkung) in order to fight against the Chinese Muslims. Yaqub Beg had 1,500 Han Chinese militia with his Turkic forces attacking Dungans in Urumchi. The following year, in 1871, the Han Chinese militia switched sides and then joined the Dungans in a revolt against the Turkic forces. T'o Ming's forces were defeated by Yaqub, who planned to conquer Dzungharia. Yaqub intended to seize all Dungan territory.

## InfoBox

| Battle of Ürümqi (1870) | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the Dungan Revolt (1862–77) | |
| Date 1870  Location Ürümqi, Xinjiang  Result  Kashgaria victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Yettishar (Turki Muslim rebels) | Chinese muslim rebels (Tungans) |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Yaqub Beg
Xu Xuegong | Tuo Ming (Daud Khalifa) |
| Strength | |
| Thousands of Turkic Andijani Uzbek muslim troops
1,500 Han Chinese militia | Thousands of Chinese Muslim troops |


title: Bawden Ice Rise

abstract: Bawden Ice Rise is an ice rise, 8 nautical miles (15 km) long and 2 nautical miles (4 km) wide, near the edge of the Larsen Ice Shelf, 41 nautical miles (76 km) east-southeast of Cape Alexander, Graham Land. The feature, which may consist of more than one ice rise, was mapped on a British Antarctic Survey (BAS) radio echo sounding flight from Adelaide Island in February 1975, and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1985 after John Bawden, who was with BAS from 1971 and after a 20 year career with them, retired from his final position as Head of Administration, Logistics and Operations in 1991.

text:
# Bawden Ice Rise

**Bawden Ice Rise** (66°59′S 60°50′W / 66.983°S 60.833°W / -66.983; -60.833) is an ice rise, 8 nautical miles (15 km) long and 2 nautical miles (4 km) wide, near the edge of the Larsen Ice Shelf, 41 nautical miles (76 km) east-southeast of Cape Alexander, Graham Land. The feature, which may consist of more than one ice rise, was mapped on a British Antarctic Survey (BAS) radio echo sounding flight from Adelaide Island in February 1975, and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1985 after John Bawden, who was with BAS from 1971 and after a 20 year career with them, retired from his final position as Head of Administration, Logistics and Operations in 1991.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Bawden Ice Rise". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.


title: Battleship Island (Washington)

abstract: Battleship Island is a 3-acre (12,000 m⁲) island just off the northwest tip of Henry Island, in the San Juan Archipelago. The entire island is a Washington State bird sanctuary. The name is derived from the resemblance that the island and its trees have to a ship with masts, particularly when viewed at a distance from the east or west. It was originally named by the Wilkes Expedition (1838-1842) as Morse Island and appeared as such on nautical charts for decades. In the 1920s, according to the United States Board on Geographic Names, citing a local authority's letter: "Morse Island...presents such a remarkable likeness to a modern battleship in its appearance, that it is locally known by no other name than Battleship Is... which appears in all the local advertising literature, and is so strikingly appropriate that it is very doubtful if any other name will ever come into common usage." The island was even briefly mistaken by a U.S. warship to be a real British battleship in 1904. Its name officially was changed to Battleship Island around 1930.

text:
# Battleship Island (Washington)

**Battleship Island** is a 3-acre (12,000 m2) island just off the northwest tip of Henry Island, in the San Juan Archipelago. The entire island is a Washington State bird sanctuary. The name is derived from the resemblance that the island and its trees have to a ship with masts, particularly when viewed at a distance from the east or west.

It was originally named by the Wilkes Expedition (1838-1842) as Morse Island and appeared as such on nautical charts for decades. In the 1920s, according to the United States Board on Geographic Names, citing a local authority's letter: "Morse Island...presents such a remarkable likeness to a modern battleship in its appearance, that it is locally known by no other name than Battleship Is ... which appears in all the local advertising literature, and is so strikingly appropriate that it is very doubtful if any other name will ever come into common usage." The island was even briefly mistaken by a U.S. warship to be a real British battleship in 1904. Its name officially was changed to Battleship Island around 1930.

## InfoBox

Battleship Island
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Geography | |
| Location | San Juan County, Washington |
| Coordinates | 48°37′26″N 123°10′59″W / 48.624°N 123.183°W / 48.624; -123.183 |
| Archipelago | San Juan |
| Administration | |
| **United States** | |


title: Bay City, Pope County, Illinois

abstract: Bay City is an unincorporated community in Pope County, Illinois, United States. Bay City is located on the Ohio River 8 miles (13 km) south of Golconda. A general store, built in 1915, overlooks the river. The store is restored, and open weekends. Bed and breakfast rooms are upstairs. Riverboats of past decades were dependable local transportation, and would stop for passengers or freight if hailed from the shore. Bay City is 9 miles (14 km) north of the Smithland Lock and Dam.

text:
# Bay City, Pope County, Illinois

**Bay City** is an unincorporated community in Pope County, Illinois, United States. Bay City is located on the Ohio River 8 miles (13 km) south of Golconda.

A general store, built in 1915, overlooks the river. The store is restored, and open weekends. Bed and breakfast rooms are upstairs. Riverboats of past decades were dependable local transportation, and would stop for passengers or freight if hailed from the shore.

Bay City is 9 miles (14 km) north of the Smithland Lock and Dam.

## InfoBox

| Bay City, Illinois | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Bay City, IllinoisBay City, Illinois | |
| Coordinates: 37°14′56″N 88°29′48″W / 37.24889°N 88.49667°W / 37.24889; -88.49667 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| County | Pope |
| Elevation | 341 ft (104 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 618 |
| GNIS feature ID | 424606 |


title: Phacelia platyloba

abstract: Phacelia platyloba is a species of phacelia known by the common name broadlobe phacelia. It is endemic to California, where it is known only from a section of the central Sierra Nevada foothills. It is a resident of chaparral, woodland, and other local habitat. It is an annual herb producing a branched or unbranched erect stem up to 45 centimeters tall. It is coated in soft and stiff hairs. The leaves are up to 9 centimeters long and divided into several lobed to intricately toothed leaflets. The inflorescence is a one-sided curving or coiling cyme of widely bell-shaped flowers. Each flower is about half a centimeter long and pale blue or lavender in color. It is surrounded by a calyx of densely hairy sepals which are unequal in size and shape, 2 being longer and wider than the other 3.

text:
# Phacelia platyloba

***Phacelia platyloba*** is a species of phacelia known by the common name **broadlobe phacelia**. It is endemic to California, where it is known only from a section of the central Sierra Nevada foothills. It is a resident of chaparral, woodland, and other local habitat.

It is an annual herb producing a branched or unbranched erect stem up to 45 centimeters tall. It is coated in soft and stiff hairs. The leaves are up to 9 centimeters long and divided into several lobed to intricately toothed leaflets. The inflorescence is a one-sided curving or coiling cyme of widely bell-shaped flowers. Each flower is about half a centimeter long and pale blue or lavender in color. It is surrounded by a calyx of densely hairy sepals which are unequal in size and shape, 2 being longer and wider than the other 3.

## InfoBox

| *Phacelia platyloba* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Boraginales |
| Family: | Boraginaceae |
| Genus: | *Phacelia* |
| Species: | ***P. platyloba*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phacelia platyloba***<br>A.Gray | |
|


title: Sioux Empire Conference

abstract: The Sioux Empire Conference was a high school athletic conference formed by schools in northwest Iowa and southeast South Dakota.

text:
# Sioux Empire Conference

The **Sioux Empire Conference** was a high school athletic conference formed by schools in northwest Iowa and southeast South Dakota.

## History

The Sioux Empire Conference was established on October 20, 1964, with Central Lyon Community School District, Sioux Center Community Schools, and West Sioux Community School District of Iowa as founding members, alongside Canton Public Schools and Vermillion Public Schools of South Dakota. Central Lyon and West Sioux left the Siouxland Conference to establish the Sioux Empire Conference, while Canton, Sioux Center, Vermillion were independent schools. Athletic competitions began in 1965, with track and field and baseball. Sports added in the 1965–66 school year included football and basketball. By 1967, the Sioux Empire Conference had disbanded. Sioux Center and Central Lyon returned to the Siouxland Conference, and West Sioux became an independent.


title: Roger Cisneros

abstract: Roger Cisneros was an American politician who served in the Colorado Senate from 1965 to 1977.

text:
# Roger Cisneros

**Roger Cisneros** (January 22, 1924 – September 18, 2017) was an American politician who served in the Colorado Senate from 1965 to 1977.

## Background

Cisneros was born on January 22, 1924 in Questa, New Mexico to Donaciano Cisneros and Todosia Martinez. Since his lived in a rural environment, Cisneros' parents sent him to school in Albuquerque to hone his academic talents. Upon graduating high school in 1943, Cisneros joined the Army Air Corps in 1943, and was assigned to the 333rd Bombardment Group after completing his training in cryptography.

## Career

Following his Army service, Cisneros pursued higher education with the aid of the GI Bill. He first earned his business degree from the University of Denver, and then graduated from the Westminster Law School in 1957. Cisneros wanted to become a lawyer due to the racial discrimination that he endured while serving in the military.

When he was admitted to practice law, Cisneros was one of only five Latino lawyers in Colorado. He was counsel in the case *Gallegos vs. People*, which pertained to an involuntary confession by a juvenile. When the Colorado Supreme Court affirmed the defendants' convictions, Cisneros appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. The higher court reversed the lower court's decision.

In 1964, Cisneros was elected to the Colorado State Senate and served two sessions. In 1978, he was appointed by Governor Richard Lamm to serve as a judge that specialized in domestic, criminal, and civil cases on the Colorado District Court. Although Cisneros retired from the bench in 1986, he resumed private practice. Throughout his career, Cisneros served on various boards and commissions, and was even the founder of the Board of the Mexican American Legal Defense.

## Personal life and legacy

Cisneros married Adelia Dee Trujillo on March 19, 1949, and they had three children. He and Adelia died of carbon monoxide poisoning on September 18, 2017, in Denver, Colorado at age 93. In 2009, a jury room inside the Denver Justice Center was named after Cisneros.

## InfoBox

| Roger Cisneros | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Colorado Senate from the 4th district | |
| **In office**
January 8, 1969  January 12, 1977 | |
| Preceded by | Richard F. Hobbs |
| Succeeded by | Don Sandoval |
| Member of the Colorado Senate from the 1st district | |
| **In office**
January 11, 1967  January 8, 1969 | |
| Preceded by | Roland L. Mapelli |
| Succeeded by | Allen Dines |
| Member of the Colorado Senate from the 6th district | |
| **In office**
January 13, 1965  January 11, 1967 | |
| Preceded by | Harry M. Locke |
| Succeeded by | William L. Armstrong |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1924-01-22)January 22, 1924
Questa, New Mexico |
| Died | September 18, 2017(2017-09-18) (aged 93)
Denver, Colorado |
| Political party | Democratic |
|  | |


title: E. J. Hughes

abstract: Edward John Hughes was a Canadian painter, known for his images of the land and sea in British Columbia.

text:
# E. J. Hughes

**Edward John Hughes** CM OBC RCA (February 17, 1913 – January 5, 2007) was a Canadian painter, known for his images of the land and sea in British Columbia.

## Early career

Hughes was born in North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and spent a significant part of his childhood in Nanaimo, British Columbia. Raised during the Depression, he studied at the Vancouver School of Decorative and Applied Art where he graduated in 1933. His talent was recognized early. One of his teachers was Frederick Varley of the Group of Seven, and another member, Lawren Harris, recommended him for the inaugural Emily Carr Scholarship in 1947.

In 1934, he formed a partnership with the muralist Paul Goranson and Orville Fisher in a commercial art firm.

## World War II

When World War II began in 1939, he enlisted with the Royal Canadian Artillery as a gunner and was posted to England. From 1943 to 1946, he served as one of Canada's Official Second World War artists. Hughes traveled to England and Alaska where he depicted ordinary men caught up in this worldwide event. He produced well over a thousand drawings, many watercolours, oil sketches and almost 30 paintings. One curator calls his work between 1940 and 1946 for the Canadian war records perhaps the "most significant body of work by a Canadian artist in the Canadian War Museum".

## Post-War period

After being discharged from the military in 1946, he returned to the west coast of Canada with his wife Fern and settled in Shawnigan Lake on Vancouver Island, at first concentrated on waterfront subjects near his home. Hughes spent much of the remainder of his life living on Vancouver Island where he pursued a lifelong study of the province and its landscape as a professional artist.

In the 1950s, Hughes' reputation grew, especially after he signed an exclusive contract to sell all his work to Dr. Max Stern, the owner of the Dominion Gallery in Montreal in 1951. Stern encouraged him to expand his range of subject matter. In 1954, he was one of eighteen Canadian artists commissioned by the Canadian Pacific Railway to paint a mural for the interior of one of the new Park cars entering service on the new *Canadian* transcontinental train. Each of the murals depicted a different national or provincial park; Hughes' was Tweedsmuir Provincial Park. In 1992, Canada Post used one of his images ("Christie Pass, Hurst Island, B.C.") on a stamp commemorating 125 years of Confederation.

Hughes died of cardiac arrest in Duncan, BC at the age of 93.

## Legacy

Hughes' paintings are best known for their strong and appealing images of the landscape and seascape of British Columbia. Jack Shadbolt described Hughes as "the most engaging intuitive painter of the BC landscape since Emily Carr." His distinctive style of painting is marked by the use of flattened space, skewed perspective, and simplified shapes. The paintings combine compelling clarity with a sense of the unknown and an appreciation for his natural surroundings. His sources are many, among them Jan Vermeer, his favorite artist, and the Mexican muralists, such as Diego Rivera.

Hughes was elected to the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts in 1969. Hughes was awarded with Honorary Doctorates from the University of Victoria in 1994 and the Emily Carr Institute of Art and Design in 1997. In 2001, he received the Order of Canada and, in 2005, he was awarded the Order of British Columbia. Both of these awards cited his dedication to representing Canada with passion and originality.

The Vancouver Art Gallery has the most extensive holding of Hughes' work in public hands and mounted a major retrospective exhibition in 2003, curated by Ian M. Thom.

## Record sale prices

His painting *Lake Okanagan* was purchased at a rural Ontario yard sale for C$200. Six years later, in 2007, the purchaser sold it at auction for $402,500. In November 2018, his painting *Fishboats, River Inlet* sold for $2,041,250 CDN (premium included) at the Heffel Auction.

## Books

* *E. J. Hughes*, by Ian M. Thom (Senior curator, Vancouver Art Gallery). A 226-page hardcover book published by Douglas & McIntyre and the Vancouver Art Gallery in 2002. ISBN 1-55054-899-9. This book was the catalogue for the E. J. Hughes exhibition which was seen at the Vancouver Art Gallery and later at the McMichael Canadian Art Collection in Kleinburg, Ontario, and the Art Gallery of Greater Victoria.
* *A Journey with E.J. Hughes*, By Jacques Barbeau, 2005 180-page hardcover, Douglas & McIntyre. ISBN 1-55365-153-7
* E.J. Hughes: The Man and His Art, by Jane G. Cole (Art Professor, Vancouver Island University), 2009 Nanaimo Art Gallery. 32-page paperback. This biography was published to coincide with the release of a number of Giclée prints Archived 2020-01-25 at the Wayback Machine from the Estate of E.J. Hughes. ISBN 0-9812-6260-0, 978-0-9812-6260-4
* *EJ Hughes Paints Vancouver Island*, by Robert Amos (2018), 204-page hardcover book published by TouchWood Editions. ISBN 9781771512558 The book was a finalist for the 2019 BC and Yukon Book Prizes and the 2019 City of Victoria Butler Book Prize.
* *E. J. Hughes Paints British Columbia*, by Robert Amos (2019), 204-page hardcover book published by TouchWood Editions. ISBN 9781771513104
* *The E.J. Hughes Book of Boats*, by Robert Amos (2020), 88-page hardcover book publisher by TouchWood Editions. ISBN 9781771513364 This book was the winner of the 2021 BC and Yukon Book Prizes Bill Duthie Booksellers' Choice Award.
* *E. J. Hughes: Canadian War Artist*, by Robert Amos (2022), 216-page hardcover book publisher by TouchWood Editions. ISBN 9781771513852 The book was the winner of the 2023 Basil Stuart-Stubbs Prize for Outstanding Book on British Columbia, the 2022 PubWest Book Design Awards Gold Medal for Historical / Biographical Book, and was a finalist for the City of Victoria Butler Book Prize.
* *E. J. Hughes: Life at the Lake*, by Robert Amos (2023), 112-page hardcover book publisher by TouchWood Editions. ISBN 9781771514194

## Film

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| E. J. Hughes | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Edward John Hughes
(1913-02-17)February 17, 1913
North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada |
| Died | January 5, 2007(2007-01-05) (aged 93)
Duncan, British Columbia |
| Education | Vancouver School of Applied Art and Design, graduated 1933 |
| Known for | Painter |
| Spouse | Rosabel Fern Irvin Smith (m. 1940) (d. 1974) |


title: Rafael Clavero

abstract: Rafael Clavero Prados is a retired Spanish professional footballer who played left-back.

text:
# Rafael Clavero

**Rafael Clavero Prados** (born 10 February 1977) is a retired Spanish professional footballer who played left-back.

## Club career

Born in Córdoba, Andalusia, Clavero spent the vast majority of his career in the Segunda División. His La Liga output consisted of one season with CD Numancia, one with Real Murcia and two with CA Osasuna, for a total of 62 games in the competition.

In the 2005–06 campaign, Clavero started in 21 of his 22 league appearances for the latter club, who finished in a best-ever fourth position with the subsequent qualification for the UEFA Champions League.

## Honours

**Murcia**

## InfoBox

Rafael Clavero
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Rafael Clavero Prados | | |
| Date of birth | (1977-02-10) 10 February 1977 | | |
| Place of birth | Córdoba, Spain | | |
| Height | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Left-back | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Séneca | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1995–1997 | Montilla |  |  |
| 1997–1999 | Córdoba | 46 | (0) |
| 1999–2000 | Mérida | 11 | (0) |
| 2000 | Real Madrid B | 6 | (0) |
| 2000–2001 | Numancia | 5 | (0) |
| 2001–2004 | Murcia | 80 | (0) |
| 2004–2006 | Osasuna | 33 | (0) |
| 2006–2009 | Tenerife | 73 | (0) |
| 2009–2011 | Cartagena | 60 | (0) |
| 2011–2013 | Huesca | 30 | (0) |
| 2013–2014 | Lucena | 27 | (0) |
| Total |  | **371** | **(0)** |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Resonance (Antigama album)

abstract: Resonance is the fourth full-length studio album by Polish grindcore band Antigama. It was released on 15 May 2007 by Relapse Records.

text:
# Resonance (Antigama album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| Asice e-zine |  |
| Metal Injection |  |
| Metal Rage |  |

***Resonance*** is the fourth full-length studio album by Polish grindcore band Antigama. It was released on 15 May 2007 by Relapse Records.

## Overview

*Resonance* was recorded in December 2006 at Studio X in Olsztyn, Poland, with producer Szymon Czech. The album was released on 15 May 2007 in the US and 21 May internationally. Antigama hosted a record release show in their hometown on 17 June 2007 at the Aurora Club, in support of the album.

## Track listing

1. "Pursuit" – 1:16
2. "Seismic Report" – 0:59
3. "Ecstasy" – 1:21
4. "Neutral Balance" – 1:13
5. "Order" – 2:16
6. "Pending" – 1:57
7. "Remembering Nothing" – 1:17
8. "Barbapapex" – 2:29
9. "Psychonaut" – 3:57
10. "No" – 1:34
11. "After" – 1:46
12. "By and By" – 2:30
13. "Shymrok" – 0:53
14. "Types of Waste" – 1:44
15. "Asylum" – 1:45
16. "Unreachable" – 1:43
17. "Stars" – 3:50

## Personnel

* Łukasz Myszkowski – vocals
* Sebastian Rokicki – guitar
* Michal Pietrasik – bass
* Krzysztof Bentkowski – drums

## InfoBox

| Resonance | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Antigama | |
| Released | 15 May 2007 |
| Recorded | 2006 |
| Genre | Grindcore, mathcore |
| Length | 32:30 |
| Label | Relapse |
| Antigama chronology | |
| *Zeroland*
(2005) ***Resonance***
(2007) *Pig Destroyer / Coldworker / Antigama*
(2007) | |


title: Chitrod

abstract: Chitrod is a village near Rapar of Kutch district of Gujarat, India.

text:
# Chitrod

**Chitrod** is a village near Rapar of Kutch district of Gujarat, India.

## Places of interest

About a mile to the north of village, the ruins of four temples and a reservoir built by the Kathis, who, about the year 1500, were settled here in considerable numbers. One of the temples, probably dedicated to Mahishasuri, was built of fine stone with excellent sculpture. The temples are in ruins, and most of the materials have been carried away. About a mile to the east are the remains of a pretty large Kathi town, with among them the ruins of a small plain temple of Mahadev bearing date 1502 (Samvat 1559).

23°24′33″N 70°40′40″E / 23.409244°N 70.677774°E / 23.409244; 70.677774


title: Deya

abstract:
Deya may refer to:
  - Deya (lamp), or diya, a type of lamp often used during Diwali
  - Deya (station), a rural locality in Preobrazhensky Selsoviet, Zavitinsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia
  - Avdey, a Russian male given name with the diminutive form Deya
  - Gilbert Deya, British evangelist and accused criminal extradited to Kenya

text:
# Deya

**Deya** may refer to:

* Deya (lamp), or diya, a type of lamp often used during Diwali
* Deya (station), a rural locality in Preobrazhensky Selsoviet, Zavitinsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia
* Avdey, a Russian male given name with the diminutive form Deya
* Gilbert Deya, British evangelist and accused criminal extradited to Kenya

* Adugna Deyas (born 1983), Ethiopian association football player
* Deià, a village on the Spanish island of Majorca


title: Bereznyak-Isayev BI-1

abstract: The Bereznyak-Isayev BI-1 was a Soviet short-range rocket-powered interceptor developed during the Second World War.

text:
# Bereznyak-Isayev BI-1

The **Bereznyak-Isayev BI-1** was a Soviet short-range rocket-powered interceptor developed during the Second World War.

## Early design

Soviet research and development of rocket-powered aircraft began with Sergey Korolev's GIRD-6 project in 1932. His interest in stratospheric flight was also shared by Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky who supported this early work. After a long series of unmanned tests of vehicles, Korolev's RP-318-1 rocket aircraft flew on 28 Feb 1940. That Spring, TsAGI (*ЦАГИ – Центра́льный аэрогидродинами́ческий институ́т – Tsentralniy Aerogidrodinamicheskiy Institut* Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute) hosted a conference for aircraft chief designers on the subject of ramjet and rocket propulsion. On 12 July the Council of People's Commissars called for the development of a high-speed stratospheric aircraft.

Aircraft designer and head of OKB-293, Viktor Fedorovich Bolkhovitinov attended the TsAGI conference along with two of his top engineers, A. Ya. Bereznyak and A. M. Isaev. The young Bereznyak had made an impression in 1938 with a high-speed airplane design that some thought could break the world speed record. Bereznyak and Isaev were excited by the idea of designing a rocket-powered aircraft, and their "patron" Bolkhovitinov approved. By the autumn of 1940, they were able to show fellow engineer Boris Chertok a preliminary design of "Project G". The design, made up mostly from plywood and duralumin had a take-off weight of 1,500 kg (3,300 lb), and they planned to use the new 13.734 kN (3,088 lbf) rocket engine under development in the RNII (*Raketnyy Nauchno-Issledovatel'skiy Institut* – reaction engine scientific research institute). Chertok was astounded that the aircraft could almost climb vertically.

Bereznyak, Isaev and Chertok visited RNII in March 1941, but the new rocket engine was not working yet. The engine was designed by Leonid Dushkin, who had made the RD-A-150 for the Korolyov RP-318-1. Powered by tractor kerosene and red fuming nitric acid, it fell short of the hoped for 13.74 kN (3,090 lbf) thrust and the D-1-A-1100 was expected to reach 10.8 kN (2,400 lbf). The "A" stood for Nitric Acid ("Azotnokislotny" in Russian), versus K for Liquid Oxygen ("Kislorodny" in Russian), a distinction of unusual importance and controversy among Soviet rocket scientists. Dushkin's turbine propellant pump was causing considerable problems, driven by hot gas and steam from a small combustion chamber fed with rocket propellants mixed with water, but this system was perfected a few years later for the RD-2M engine.

The D-1-A-1100 was built from S54 steel (a 12% chromium alloy). At this point in time, Russian rocket engines were built with typical aviation piston-engine manufacturing technology, weighing 48 kg (106 lb), it could be broken down into discrete forged-steel sections – a conical head with 60 centrifugal injectors, the cylindrical chamber, and the nozzle – joined with bolts and copper gaskets. It was ignited with a nichrome glow plug, later replaced with silicon-carbide and was cooled regeneratively by both propellants, the chamber walls by a spiral flow of incoming fuel (kerosene) and the nozzle section by the flow of oxidizer (Nitric Acid).

## War-time development

On 21 June Isaev proposed a new design using compressed air instead of a pump to force propellant to the engine. The next day, Operation Barbarossa brought the Soviet Union into World War II, and the rocket-powered interceptor suddenly became important. Bereznyak and Isaev began a new more detailed design, which they finished in three weeks. On 9 July Bolkhovitinov and his project-G team met with Andrey Kostikov the head of RNII. Dushkin was not happy about the idea of bypassing his fuel pump design, but they backed the plan and cosigned a letter that was eventually shown to Joseph Stalin. After giving a report at the Kremlin, they were ordered to build the aircraft and were given only 35 days to do so. The official order was dated August 1, but work began in late July. The engineers were given leave to visit their families, and then literally lived at the factory until the aircraft was finished.

The new design was called "BI" for *Blizhnii Istrebitel* (close-range fighter), but the letters were also understood by everyone to stand for its inventors: Bereznyak and Isaev. The original plan to include four machine guns was replaced by a design with a pair of 20 mm (0.79 in) ShVAK cannon. The new aircraft was a low-wing monoplane 6.4 m (21 ft) long, with a wingspan of 6.5 m (21 ft) and an estimated take-off mass of 1,650 kg (3,640 lb) (dry mass 805 kg (1,775 lb) and had a maximum propellant load of 705 kg (1,554 lb). The D-1-A-1100 engine was capable of throttling between 400 kg and 1,100 kg and with 705 kg (1,554 lb)) of propellant, the engine could burn for almost two minutes.

Working around the clock, local furniture workers were employed to build the first two prototypes (BI-1 and BI-2). The skin was 2 mm (0.08 in) plywood with a bonded covering of fabric. The ailerons, elevators and rudder were fabric covered, and the flaps were duralumin. In the forward section were 5 compressed air tanks and 2 kerosene tanks. In the aft were 5 compressed air tanks and three nitric acid tanks.

Pressurized to 60 bar (6,000 kPa), the tanks were made from a high-strength chromium-manganese-silicon steel ("Chromansil") that was not especially resistant to corrosion. Thus, the acid tanks had to be replaced periodically. Compressed air was also used to retract and deploy the landing gear and to power the built-in cannon.

On 1 September 1941 the BI-1 was completed and ready for gliding tests by pilot Boris N. Kudrin as Dushkin's engine was still not ready. A few weeks later, rival aircraft designer A.S. Yakovlev took it upon himself to tow the prototype to TsAGI for windtunnel testing. This alarmed Bolkhovitinov's team, because their patron had a rocky history with Yakovlev, but Alexander Sergeevich and aircraft designer Ilya Florov studied the test results and gave them sound advice for improvements. Yaw instability was corrected by enlarging the rudder and adding two circular plates to the tail horizontal stabilizer.

## Test flights in the Urals

In October, both OKB-293 and RNII were evacuated to the Urals, along with most of Moscow's war industry. Bolkhovitinov's team was stationed in Bilimbay, and Dushkin's team in Sverdlovsk, about 60 km (37 mi) away. A test stand was built on the shore of frozen lake Bilimbay, with a dynamometer cradle to hold the BI-1 during engine testing. A new test pilot, Grigory Yakovlevich Bakhchivandzhi, was assigned to the team. Dushkin was increasingly absorbed by other work, including RNII's own rocket aircraft project, the Kostikov-302. He assigned his engineer Arvid V. Pallo to oversee the installation and testing of the rocket engine.

Nitric acid presented a constant problem, corroding parts and causing skin burns and respiratory irritation. Tanks of sodium carbonate solution were kept around to neutralize acid spills. On 20 February 1942, the engine exploded during a full system test. The nozzle section was blasted into the lake, and the engine head struck the back of the pilot's seat, knocking Bakhchivandzhi against the instrument panel and injuring him slightly. Pressurized nitric acid from a broken propellant line drenched Pallo. Fortunately, quick thinking mechanics dunked him head-first into a tank of soda solution. His face was yellow from the characteristic acid staining, but his glasses saved him from being blinded. To protect the pilot in the future, a 5.5 mm (0.22 in) steel plate was added to the back of the seat.

By April 1942, BI-1 was ready for testing at nearby Koltsove airfield. A test commission was formed, with representatives from OKB-293, RNII and the NII VVS (Air Force Scientific Test Institute). On 2 May the pilot let the aircraft lift off to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) under low thrust.

On 15 May at 19:02 (UTC), Bakhchivandzhi made the first real flight of BI-1, reaching an altitude of 840 m (2,760 ft) and a maximum speed of 400 km/h (220 kn; 250 mph). The mass of the aircraft had been reduced to 1,300 kg (2,900 lb) (only 240 kg (530 lb) of nitric acid and 60 kg (130 lb) of kerosene loaded), and the engine was de-rated to 4.9 kN (1,100 lbf). The pilot shut the rocket engine off after about one minute, when a light indicated it was overheating. On landing, the aircraft descended too rapidly because of insufficient forward speed, breaking the main-landing-gear on touchdown. The pilot was unhurt and reported that, aside from the rough landing, the aircraft handled well. The flight lasted only 3 minutes and 9 seconds.

In July, Dushkin recalled Pallo to help work on the "302" rocket-aircraft project, meanwhile Bolkovitinov asked Isaev to take over and master the technology of liquid fuel rocket engines. Isaev got permission to visit Valentin Glushko, the leading Soviet expert on rocket engines, who was then working in a special lab for political prisoners. Glushko taught Isaev the complex techniques of chamber-wall heat transfer calculation and engine design, developed by himself and Fridrikh Tsander in the early 1930s. Isaev's propellant feed system was simple, but it produced an uneven fuel pressure that diminished as compressed air was used up. Bolkovitinov and his engineers wrestled with this problem, designing pressure regulators and even a piston fuel pump driven by compressed air, but none of these improvements were realized.

Too damaged by acid to fly safely, BI-1 was retired and the second prototype BI-2 was made ready. Backchivadzhi made the second flight on 10 Jan 1943, reaching 1,100 m (3,600 ft) but with the engine still throttled back for a maximum speed of 400 km/h (220 kn; 250 mph). The first flight had been with landing gear kept down, and some vibration was observed. For the second flight the landing gear was retracted, and no vibration was observed at the same speed.

The third flight was made on 12 Jan (some sources say 10 Feb) by a temporary test pilot, Konstantin Gruzdev, while Bakhchivandzhi was consulting on Kostikov's "302" project. This time the engine was opened up to full thrust of 10.79 kN (2,430 lbf) and a speed of 675 km/h (364 kn; 419 mph) was achieved and a maximum altitude of 2,190 m (7,190 ft). During the winter, the landing gear was switched from wheels to skis. On one of Gruzdev's flights, one ski broke off during take-off, but he was able to land safely. Bakhchivandzhi returned to make flights in the third prototype BI-3 on 11 March, 14 March and 21 March, reaching a maximum altitude of 4,000 m (13,000 ft) with a maximum rate of climb of 83 m/s (16,300 ft/min).

The 21 March flight was with a full load of ammunition, however most of the BIs did not carry weapons, and although some reports claim that BI-4 was used for live ammunition tests, the guns were never fired in flight. The BI-4 model was also reportedly to be used as the template for mass production of 30 to 50 BI-VS aircraft by Andrey Moskalev's factory, with Moskalev augmenting the twin ShVAK cannon with a load of ten thermite bombs.

On 27 March, during a low-altitude test flight, BI-1, piloted by Bakhchivandzhi, entered a 45-degree dive and crashed into the ground, killing Bakhchivandzhi. The accident put a halt to flight tests, and a lengthy investigation began. Eventually, after wind tunnel testing, it was determined that BI-1 lost control due to transonic effects on the pitch controls / stabilisers. Estimates of Bakhchivandzhi's final velocity range from 800 to 900 km/h (430 to 490 kn; 500 to 560 mph), but the recording instruments were too damaged by the crash for a reliable measurement. The 27 March is considered a black day in Soviet aviation history, also being the date that Yuri Gagarin died in a MiG-15UTI crash. In 1973, Bakhchivandzhi was posthumously elevated to Hero of the Soviet Union.

## Return to Moscow, Isayev's engine

In May 1943, OKB-293 returned from its evacuation and set up operation in Khimki, a suburb of Moscow. On May 18, Bolkhovitinov wrote a detailed report "On Rocket Aircraft and Further Prospects". He emphasized the need to study the dangerous regime of "shock stall", and to safely transition through transonic speed and beyond. He proposed the goal of a new rocket aircraft capable of 2,000 km/h (1,100 kn; 1,200 mph).

The next year, Bolkhovitinov had five more aircraft produced, BI-5 through BI-9. In the spring of 1944, BI-6 was fitted with a pair of Igor A. Merkulov's DM-4 ramjet engines. It did not contain a rocket engine, so it was towed into the air. The pilot, Boris Kudrin, flew the BI-6 three times, but was never able to get both ramjets to start at the same time. The aircraft was taken to TsAGI for further tests in the T-101 wind tunnel. The DM-4 auxiliary motor was also tested on the Yak-7b fighter.

With the loss of the D-1-A-1100 engine, Isayev began designing a new engine. The RD-1 was completed and tested in October 1944. The general form of the engine was the same as Dushkin's, but with numerous improvements. Isayev fashioned the sections from 12Kh13 stainless chromium steel (13% chromium, 0.12% carbon content). The head had 85 swirling injectors arranged in a honeycomb pattern that promoted improved fuel-oxidizer mixture. It also used a more reliable electric arc starter instead of a glow plug. Isayev also improved the regenerative cooling, increasing the flow rate around the nozzle.

BI-7 was flown twice with the RD-1 engine, on January 24 and March 9, 1945. Pallo reports there was an emergency with the landing gear during the January flight. In addition to the new engine, various changes were made to the aircraft's design: a larger rudder, smaller false keel, and different wing fillets. During the test flights, the pilot Boris Kudrin, noticed some tailfin flutter. On May 29, the pilot M.K. Baykalov tested the BI-7 in glider mode, without starting the engine, and the flutter was not detected. At this point, the aircraft was too corroded by nitric acid to fly again, and it was retired. To further investigate the flutter problem, BI-5 was modified in the same fashion as BI-7 (but with no engine) and tested in glider flights; however, the problem was not reproduced.

After BI-6 was sent to TsAGI, BI-9 was put into service as a replacement (marked with a "6" on its tail). Flown by Boris Kudrin and M.A. Baikalov, it was used in glider tests with extra payload weight. The fate of BI-8 is unknown.

As turbojet aircraft began to appear in the mid 1940s, the lack of prospects for further development of rocket aircraft in general, and BI in particular, primarily due to limited flight time became evident.

However, the experience accumulated by Bolkhovitinov design bureau became invaluable, and the design bureau alumni went on to become prominent figures in soviet rocket and space technology. Two BI engineers became the founders of two design schools: Bereznyak founded OKB-155, which was the USSR's leading design bureau in development of cruise missiles, and Isayev became the founder of OKB-2, which specialized in low and medium thrust liquid-propellant rocket engines for rockets and space vehicles.

## Powered flights

The BI was flown 12 times under power, seven times with Dushkin's D-1-A-1100 engine, three times with the DM-4 ramjets, and twice with Isaev's RD-1 rocket engine.

| Date | Model | Pilot | Thrust, kgf | Burn Time, s | Altitude, m | Speed, km/h | Climb, m/s |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 May 1942 | BI-1 | Bakhchivandzhi | 4.9 kN (1,100 lbf) | 13 | 1 m (3 ft 3 in) |  |  |
| 15 May 1942 | BI-1 | Bakhchivandzhi | 5.886 kN (1,323 lbf) | 66 | 840 m (2,760 ft) | 400 km/h (220 kn; 250 mph) | 23 m/s (4,500 ft/min) |
| 10 Jan 1943 | BI-2 | Bakhchivandzhi | 7.848 kN (1,764 lbf) | 63 | 1,100 m (3,600 ft) | 400 km/h (220 kn; 250 mph) |  |
| 12 Jan 1943 | BI-2 | Gruzdev | 10.79 kN (2,430 lbf) | 58 | 2,190 m (7,190 ft) | 675 km/h (364 kn; 419 mph) |  |
| 11 Mar 1943 | BI-3 | Bakhchivandzhi | 10.79 kN (2,430 lbf) | 80 | 4,000 m (13,000 ft) | 600 km/h (320 kn; 370 mph) | 82 m/s (16,100 ft/min) |
| 14 Mar 1943 | BI-3 | Bakhchivandzhi | 10.79 kN (2,430 lbf) | 84 | 3,000 m (9,800 ft) | ~650 km/h (350 kn; 400 mph) |  |
| 21 Mar 1943 | BI-3 | Bakhchivandzhi | 10.79 kN (2,430 lbf) | 30 | 3,000 m (9,800 ft) | 550 km/h (300 kn; 340 mph) | 160 m/s (31,000 ft/min) |
| 27 Mar 1943 | BI-3 | Bakhchivandzhi | 10.79 kN (2,430 lbf) | 89 | 2,000 m (6,600 ft) | \>800 km/h (430 kn; 500 mph) |  |
| Spring 1944 | BI-6 | Kudrin |  |  |  |  |  |
| Spring 1944 | BI-6 | Kudrin |  |  |  |  |  |
| Spring 1944 | BI-6 | Kudrin |  |  |  |  |  |
| 24 Jan 1945 | BI-7 | Kudrin | 10.79 kN (2,430 lbf) | 72.3 | 1,250 m (4,100 ft) | 587 km/h (317 kn; 365 mph) | 87 m/s (17,100 ft/min) |
| 09 Mar 1945 | BI-7 | Baykalov | 10.79 kN (2,430 lbf) | 73 | 3,500 m (11,500 ft) | 550 km/h (300 kn; 340 mph) |  |

## Operators

Soviet Union

## Specifications

*Data from*

**General characteristics**

* **Crew:** 1
* **Length:** 6.40 m (21 ft 0 in)
* **Wingspan:** 6.48 m (21 ft 3 in)
* **Height:** 2.06 m (6 ft 9 in)
* **Wing area:** 7 m2 (75 sq ft)
* **Empty weight:** 805 kg (1,775 lb)
* **Max takeoff weight:** 1,650 kg (3,638 lb)
* **Powerplant:** 1 × Dushkin D-1A-1100 liquid-fuel rocket motor, 10.79 kN (2,430 lbf) thrust

**Performance**

* **Maximum speed:** 800 km/h (500 mph, 430 kn) estimated
* **Service ceiling:** 12,000 m (39,000 ft)

**Armament**

* **Guns:** two nose-mounted 20 mm ShVAK cannon, 45 rounds per gun
* **Rockets:** two RS-82 rockets

* Chertok, Boris, *Rockets and People: Volume 1*, The NASA History Series, 2005.
* Dushkin, Leonid S., "Experimental Research and Design Planning in the Field of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines", *Essays on the History of Rocketry and Astronautics*, NASA, 1977.
* Isaev, A.M., *Pervye Shagi k Kosmicheskii Dvigatelyam (First Steps of Space Engines)*, Mashinostroenie, 1978.
* Loktev, A., "Chetyre Vstrechi c Arvidom Pallo (Four Interviews with Arvid Pallo)",*Vestnik*, No 18, 1999.
* Pallo, Arvid, "Raketnyi Istrebitel BI-1 (Rocket Fighter)", *Kosmonavtika proshlogo*
* Evtifev, M.D., *Ognennye Krylya (Fire Wings: The History of Jet Aviation in the USSR 1930–1946)*, Moscow 2005.
* Salakhutdinov, G.M., *Razvitne Metodov Teplozashchity Zhidkosthykh Raketnykh Dvitatelei (Development of Methods of Thermal Protection of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines)*, Nauka, 1984.
* The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982–1985), 1985, Orbis Publishing.

* Le Bereznyak-Isayev BI Article (in French) with a collection of photographs.
* BI Article (in Russian) with photos, including pictures of the dashboard and cannons.
* Arvid Pallo Russian archive institute (RGANTD) tribute to Arvid Pallo. With table of launch events.
* Video Footage of BI test flights.

## InfoBox

| BI-1 | |
| --- | --- |
| The BI-1 | |
| General information | |
| Type | Interceptor |
| Manufacturer | OKB-293 |
| Designer | A.Y.Bereznyak and A.M.Isayev |
| Primary user | Soviet Air Force |
| Number built | 9 |
| History | |
| First flight | 15 May 1942 |
| Retired | 9 March 1945 |


title: Tierra Firme F.C.

abstract: Tierra Firme Fútbol Club is a Panamanian football team playing at Liga Nacional de Ascenso. It is based in San Miguelito and it was founded in 1985. Up until 2011, the team played under the name of Paraíso Fútbol Club.

text:
# Tierra Firme F.C.

**Tierra Firme Fútbol Club** is a Panamanian football team playing at Liga Nacional de Ascenso. It is based in San Miguelito and it was founded in 1985. Up until 2011, the team played under the name of *Paraíso Fútbol Club*.

## History

### Paraíso F.C.

In 2007 Paraíso earned a spot in the Liga Nacional de Ascenso after being crowned champions of the 2007 edition of the Copa Rommel Fernández. In their 3+12 seasons in the Liga Nacional de Ascenso, Paraíso had a positive run after reaching the second round of competition in every championship with the exception of the 2008 Clausura edition which they failed to do so due to goal differential. In the second round of competition, Paraíso was defeated in semifinals twice by Orión (2008 (A) and 2009 (A) II) and once by Río Abajo (2009 (A) I), and in the quarterfinals stage once by Atlético Nacional (2010 (A)).

### Tierra Firme F.C.

For the Clausura championship of the 2010-11 Liga Nacional de Ascenso season Paraíso changed its name to **Tierra Firme Fútbol Club**. In that season they failed to qualify to the quarterfinal stage of the championship after finishing 5th in their group (Group A).

## Honours

2007

## Year-by-year results

### Liga Nacional de Ascenso

| Season | Position | League Record | | | | | | | | Play-offs | Aggregate pos. | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | **P** | **W** | **T** | **L** | **F** | **A** | **+/-** | **Pts** |  |  |  |
| 2008 (A) | 3/8 | 16 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 29 | 29 | 0 | 25 | Semi-Finals |  | Score against Génesis fixture is unknown but a win was reported to Paraíso |
| 2008 (C) | 5/8 | 14 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 21 | *Could not qualify* |  | Did not qualify because of goal differential |
| 2009 (A) I | 4/10 | 20 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 47 | 33 | +14 | 35 | Semi-Finals |  |  |
| 2009 (A) II | 3/10 | 20 | 11 | 4 | 5 | 44 | 28 | +16 | 37 | Semi-Finals |  |  |

## InfoBox

Tierra Firme
| Full name | Tierra Firme Fútbol Club |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1985 |
| Ground | Cancha de Entrenamiento Luis Tapia<br>Panama City, Panamá |
| Capacity | 800 |
| League | Copa Rommel Fernández |
| - | - |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Tillandsia brachyphylla

abstract: Tillandsia brachyphylla is a species of flowering plant in the Bromeliaceae family. This species is endemic to Brazil.

text:
# Tillandsia brachyphylla

***Tillandsia brachyphylla*** is a species of flowering plant in the Bromeliaceae family. This species is endemic to Brazil.

## InfoBox

| *Tillandsia brachyphylla* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Tillandsia brachyphylla | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Subfamily: | Tillandsioideae |
| Genus: | *Tillandsia* |
| Subgenus: | *Tillandsia* subg. *Anoplophytum* |
| Species: | ***T. brachyphylla*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tillandsia brachyphylla***<br>Baker | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Anoplophytum binotii* É.Morren ex Baker | |


title: East Kilbride West (ward)

abstract: East Kilbride West is one of the 20 electoral wards of South Lanarkshire Council. Created in 2007, the ward elects three councillors using the single transferable vote electoral system and covers an area with a population of 13,737 people. The ward has politically been split between the Scottish National Party (SNP), Labour and the Conservatives. Each party had held one of the three seats from the ward's creation until Cllr David Watson resigned from the SNP to become an independent in 2018. The 2022 election saw the SNP regain their seat from the Conservatives.

text:
# East Kilbride West (ward)

**East Kilbride West** is one of the 20 electoral wards of South Lanarkshire Council. Created in 2007, the ward elects three councillors using the single transferable vote electoral system and covers an area with a population of 13,737 people.

The ward has politically been split between the Scottish National Party (SNP), Labour and the Conservatives. Each party had held one of the three seats from the ward's creation until Cllr David Watson resigned from the SNP to become an independent in 2018. The 2022 election saw the SNP regain their seat from the Conservatives.

## Boundaries

The ward was created following the Fourth Statutory Reviews of Electoral Arrangements ahead of the 2007 Scottish local elections. As a result of the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004, local elections in Scotland would use the single transferable vote electoral system from 2007 onwards so East Kilbride West was formed from an amalgamation of several previous first-past-the-post wards. It contained the majority of the former Stewartfield ward, part of the previous Hairmyres/Crosshouse and Lindsay wards as well as all of the former Mossneuk/Kittoch ward and a small area from each of the former East Mains and West Mains wards. East Kilbride West covers an area in the west of South Lanarkshire next to its boundaries with Glasgow City Council and East Renfrewshire Council. Its territory covers the parts of East Kilbride on the north-west and western peripheries of the town, including the neighbourhoods of Gardenhall, Hairmyres, Mossneuk, Nerston (the brownfield residential developments, but not the older separate hamlet), Newlandsmuir, Philipshill and Stewartfield, plus the College Milton industrial area and the outlying village of Thorntonhall. Following the Fifth Statutory Reviews of Electoral Arrangements ahead of the 2017 Scottish local elections, the ward's boundaries were not changed.

## Councillors

| Year | Councillors | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2007 |  | Graham Simpson
(Conservative) |  | Michael McCann
(Labour) |  | David Watson
(SNP/
Ind.) |
| | | | 2010
by-election | | | Alan Scott
(Labour) |
| | | | 2012 | | | Janice McGinlay
(Labour) |
| | 2017 | | Ian Harrow
(Conservative) | | | Monique McAdams
(Labour) |
| | | | 2018 |  | |
| | | | 2022 |  | | Ali Salamati
(SNP) |
| | | | 2023
by-election |  | | Kirsty Williams
(Labour) |

## Election results

### 2023 by-election

East Kilbride West by-election (6 July 2023) - 1 seat
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
|  | Labour | **Kirsty Williams** | 40.5 | 1,386 | 1,392 | 1,434 | 1,469 | 1,500 | **1,845** |
|  | Conservative | Bill Dorrian | 26.4 | 904 | 914 | 919 | 933 | 937 | 965 |
|  | SNP | Robert Gillies | 22.7 | 778 | 778 | 785 | 806 | 899 |  |
|  | Scottish Green | Cameron Eadie | 3.8 | 131 | 131 | 139 | 155 |  |  |
|  | Independent | Kristofer Keane | 2.9 | 99 | 112 | 123 |  |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Jake Stevenson | 2.4 | 83 | 85 |  |  |  |  |
|  | Scottish Family | Jonathan Jack Richardson | 1.2 | 42 |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Electorate:** 13,412   **Valid:** 3,450   **Spoilt:** 27   **Quota:** 1,712   **Turnout:** 25.7% | | | | | | | | | |

Source:

### 2022 election

East Kilbride West \- 3 seats
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|  | Labour | **Monique McAdams** (incumbent) | 26.5 | **1,780** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Conservative | Ian Harrow (incumbent) | 20.0 | 1,339 | 1,358 | 1,360 | 1,395 | 1,426 | 1,441 | 1,448 |  |
|  | Independent | **David Watson** (incumbent) | 18.6 | 1,248 | 1,269 | 1,270 | 1,309 | 1,365 | 1,458 | 1,555 | **2,220** |
|  | SNP | Craig Sloan | 15.5 | 1,041 | 1,048 | 1,049 | 1,053 | 1,068 |  |  |  |
|  | SNP | **Ali Salamati** | 15.4 | 1,031 | 1,039 | 1,040 | 1,051 | 1,072 | **1,962** |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Huaiquan Zhang | 2.1 | 142 | 158 | 158 | 166 |  |  |  |  |
|  | Scottish Family | Denise Hay | 1.6 | 110 | 112 | 121 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | UKIP | Yvonne MacKay | 0.3 | 18 | 18 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Electorate:** 13,319   **Valid:** 6,709   **Spoilt:** 70   **Quota:** 1,678   **Turnout:** 50.9% | | | | | | | | | | | |

Source:

### 2017 election

East Kilbride West \- 3 seats
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|  | Conservative | **Ian Harrow** | 37.3 | **2,363** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Labour | **Monique McAdams** | 20.7 | 1,315 | 1,529 | 1,571 | **1,612** |  |  |  |
|  | SNP | **David Watson** (incumbent) | 20.5 | 1,298 | 1,319 | 1,322 | 1,370 | 1,373 | 1,427 | **2,389** |
|  | SNP | Ali Salamati | 14.2 | 900 | 914 | 917 | 986 | 988 | 1,065 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Ewan McRobert | 3.5 | 223 | 374 | 397 | 447 | 458 |  |  |
|  | Scottish Green | Billy McLean | 3.1 | 194 | 216 | 229 |  |  |  |  |
|  | UKIP | David Mackay | 0.8 | 49 | 140 |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Electorate:** 12,151   **Valid:** 6,342   **Spoilt:** 74   **Quota:** 1,586   **Turnout:** 52.8% | | | | | | | | | | |

Source:

### 2012 election

East Kilbride West \- 3 seats
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
|  | Conservative | **Graham Simpson** (incumbent) | 25.3 | **1,197** |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | SNP | **David Watson** (incumbent) | 24.2 | 1,148 | 1,150 | **1,188** |  |  |  |
|  | Labour | **Janice McGinlay** | 17.0 | 805 | 806 | 849 | 849 | 975 | **1,741** |
|  | Labour | Alan Scott (incumbent) | 16.9 | 800 | 801 | 823 | 823 | 916 |  |
|  | SNP | John Reilly | 12.2 | 579 | 580 | 605 | 607 |  |  |
|  | East Kilbride Alliance | Brian Jones | 4.5 | 211 | 213 |  |  |  |  |
| **Electorate:** 12,092   **Valid:** 4,740   **Spoilt:** 44   **Quota:** 1,186   **Turnout:** 39.2% | | | | | | | | | |

Source:

### 2010 by-election

East Kilbride West by-election (28 October 2010) - 1 seat
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
|  | Labour | **Alan Scott** | 41.4 | 847 | 863 | 873 | 892 | 973 | **1,297** |
|  | SNP | Pat McGuire | 27.9 | 571 | 587 | 606 | 641 | 761 |  |
|  | Conservative | Ian Harrow | 19.7 | 403 | 427 | 442 | 455 |  |  |
|  | Scottish Green | Raymond Burke | 4.0 | 82 | 85 | 100 |  |  |  |
|  | East Kilbride Alliance | Brian Jones | 3.5 | 71 | 76 |  |  |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Gordon Smith | 3.4 | 70 |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Electorate:** 12,024   **Valid:** 2,044   **Quota:** 1,023   **Turnout:** 17.0% | | | | | | | | | |

Source:

### 2007 election

East Kilbride West \- 3 seats
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|  | SNP | **David Watson** | 30.2 | **1,861** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Labour | **Michael McCann** | 29.4 | **1,805** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Conservative | **Graham Simpson** | 14.0 | 860 | 906 | 919 | 941 | 1,019 | 1,197 | **???** |
|  | Labour | Margaret McCulloch | 11.2 | 688 | 730 | 914 | 956 | 1,000 | 1,195 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Pauline Aaron | 7.1 | 437 | 501 | 519 | 615 | 725 |  |  |
|  | East Kilbride Alliance | Brian Jones | 4.2 | 259 | 289 | 295 | 348 |  |  |  |
|  | Scottish Green | Kitty MacKenzie | 3.8 | 232 | 283 | 292 |  |  |  |  |
| **Electorate:** 10,938   **Valid:** 6,142   **Quota:** 1,536   **Turnout:** 56.7% | | | | | | | | | | |

Source:

1. On 1 November 2018, East Kilbride West SNP councillor David Watson resigned from the party and became an independent after a legal dispute over an employee grievance.
2. Returning councillor for Hairmyres/Crosshouse single-member ward.
3. Returning councillor for Mossneuk/Kittoch single-member ward.
4. East Kilbride West councillor Michael McCann was elected as MP for East Kilbride, Strathaven and Lesmahagow in May 2010 and he subsequently resigned his council seat. A by-election, held on 28 October 2010, was won by Labour's Alan Scott.
1. "East Kilbride West". Scottish Government. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
2. "Fourth Statutory Review of Electoral Arrangements; South Lanarkshire Council Area" (PDF). Local Government Boundary Commission for Scotland. May 2006. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
3. "Fifth Statutory Review of Electoral Arrangements; South Lanarkshire Council Area" (PDF). Local Government Boundary Commission for Scotland. May 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
4. "Ward 9 East Kilbride West By-election Declaration of Results Elections". South Lanarkshire Council. 6 July 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
5. "Ward 9 East Kilbride West By-election Candidate Votes Per Stage Elections". South Lanarkshire Council. 6 July 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
6. "Ward 9 East Kilbride West Declaration of Results Elections". South Lanarkshire Council. 6 May 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
7. "Ward 9 East Kilbride West Candidate Votes Per Stage Elections". South Lanarkshire Council. 6 May 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
8. Findlay, Nicola (1 November 2018). "East Kilbride councillor quits SNP Group of South Lanarkshire Council". *Daily Record*.
9. "Ward 9 East Kilbride West Declaration of Results Elections". South Lanarkshire Council. 5 May 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
10. "Ward 9 East Kilbride West Candidate Votes Per Stage Elections". South Lanarkshire Council. 5 May 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
11. "Local Government election results 2012". South Lanarkshire Council. 4 May 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
12. Teale, Andrew. "Local Elections Archive Project - East Kilbride West Ward". Retrieved 19 February 2023.
13. Teale, Andrew. "Local Elections Archive Project - 2007 - South Lanarkshire". Retrieved 19 February 2023.
14. Bochel, H. M.; Denver, D. T. (2007). *Scottish Council Elections 2007 Results and Statistics* (PDF). Lincoln: Policy Studies Research Centre, University of Lincoln. ISBN 978-1-874474-36-4. Retrieved 19 February 2023.

## InfoBox

| East Kilbride West | |
| --- | --- |
| South Lanarkshire | |
| Boundary of East Kilbride West in South Lanarkshire  from 2007–2017. | |
| Population | 13,737 (2021) |
| Electorate | 13,412 (2023) |
| Major settlements | East Kilbride (part of) |
| Scottish Parliament constituency | East Kilbride |
| Scottish Parliament region | Central Scotland |
| UK Parliament constituency | East Kilbride and Strathaven |
| Current ward | |
| Created | 2007 (2007) |
| Number of councillors | 3 |
| Councillor | Monique McAdams (Labour) |
| Councillor | David Watson (Independent) |
| Councillor | Kirsty Williams (Labour) |
| Created from | East Mains
Hairmyres/Crosshouse
Lindsay
Mossneuk/Kittoch
Stewartfield
West Mains |


title: EFORT Open Reviews

abstract: EFORT Open Reviews is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal, which was first published in January 2016. EFORT Open Reviews is the official journal of the European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (EFORT) and is published in partnership with Bioscientifica. EFORT Open Reviews is a gold open access journal and hence articles published in the journal are available online to anyone, free of charge. Full-text content can also be accessed via PubMed Central.

text:
# EFORT Open Reviews

***EFORT Open Reviews*** is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal, which was first published in January 2016. *EFORT Open Reviews* is the official journal of the European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (EFORT) and is published in partnership with Bioscientifica. *EFORT Open Reviews* is a gold open access journal and hence articles published in the journal are available online to anyone, free of charge. Full-text content can also be accessed via PubMed Central.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is indexed in PubMed Central, which hosts full-text content of the complete archive.

## InfoBox

*EFORT Open Reviews*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Discipline | Orthopaedics |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Pierre Hoffmeyer |
| Publication details | |
| History | 2016-present |
| Publisher | Published by Bioscientifica on behalf of the European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (EFORT) |
| Frequency | Monthly |
| Impact factor | 4.3 (2023) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *EFORT Open Rev.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 2396-7544 (print)
2058-5241 (web)
 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Easington, South Oxfordshire

abstract: Easington is a small village in the civil parish of Cuxham with Easington, in the South Oxfordshire district, in the county of Oxfordshire, England. It is about 5.5 miles (9 km) north of Wallingford and about 6 miles (10 km) south of Thame. In 1931 the parish had a population of 20. On 1 April 1932 the parish was abolished and merged with Cuxham to form "Cuxham with Easington".

text:
# Easington, South Oxfordshire

**Easington** is a small village in the civil parish of Cuxham with Easington, in the South Oxfordshire district, in the county of Oxfordshire, England. It is about 5.5 miles (9 km) north of Wallingford and about 6 miles (10 km) south of Thame. In 1931 the parish had a population of 20. On 1 April 1932 the parish was abolished and merged with Cuxham to form "Cuxham with Easington".

## Parish church

The Church of England parish church of Saint Peter was built in the 14th century. It consists of a continuous nave and chancel with no chancel arch between them. The chancel masonry is ashlar, noticeably better-dressed and more evenly coursed than that of the nave. The church building includes a 12th-century Norman doorway re-used from an earlier church on the same site. The font is tub-shaped, suggesting that it too is Norman. The chancel windows are Perpendicular Gothic. The east window has ogee tracery and includes 14th century stained glass. The piscina also is ogeed. Beside the east window on the east wall are the remains of a medieval wall painting. The woodwork of the pulpit and reading desk are Jacobean items carved in the 17th century. The pulpit bears the date 1633 but Sherwood and Pevsner suggest that it was assembled in the 19th century from Jacobean materials. St. Peter's is a Grade II\* listed building.

## Sources

Media related to Easington, South Oxfordshire at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Easington | |
| --- | --- |
| St Peter's parish church | |
| EasingtonLocation within Oxfordshire | |
| OS grid reference | SU6697 |
| Civil parish |  |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Watlington |
| Postcode district | OX49 |
| Dialling code | 01844 |
|  | |
| Police | Thames Valley |
| Fire | Oxfordshire |
| Ambulance | South Central |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Ticketleap

abstract: Ticketleap is an online ticket sales and event marketing company based in Pittsburgh. Founded in 2003 by Wharton graduate Christopher Stanchak, Ticketleap differentiates itself from large ticket vendors by catering its e-ticketing services to small companies and events, as well as larger events. The company started out as just Chris and his mother Connie as the first employee, but since expanded across the United States, and now to Canada, Australia, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Mexico, New Zealand, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Chris Stanchak, the CEO, was nominated as a finalist for the 2011 Greater Philadelphia Region Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of The Year Award in May, 2011.

text:
# Ticketleap

**Ticketleap** is an online ticket sales and event marketing company based in Pittsburgh. Founded in 2003 by Wharton graduate Christopher Stanchak, Ticketleap differentiates itself from large ticket vendors by catering its e-ticketing services to small companies and events, as well as larger events. The company started out as just Chris and his mother Connie as the first employee, but since expanded across the United States, and now to Canada, Australia, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Mexico, New Zealand, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Chris Stanchak, the CEO, was nominated as a finalist for the 2011 Greater Philadelphia Region Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of The Year Award in May, 2011.

## Features

On August 2, 2010, Ticketleap launched a new platform which is integrated into the social media sites Facebook and Twitter.

On January 10, 2011 the company announced an Android ticket scanning application, allowing event organizers to scan tickets for Ticketleap events with an Android phone and ensure that all tickets are authentic. On May 13, 2011 Ticketleap launched Ticketleap Box Office Ticket Sales letting event organizers sell tickets anywhere there is an Internet connection, such as selling tickets at the door. The product keeps online and onsite sales all in one system. On April 30, 2012 Ticketleap released a "self-service seating" feature, an industry first. The feature enables event organizers to build and control custom seating for event attendees and allows event goers to choose their own seats at a specific price point.

On June 25, 2012, Ticketleap ditched the frog, its logo, rebranding itself.

## InfoBox

Ticketleap Inc.
|
|  |
| Industry | Ticketing |
| Founded | 2003 |
| Founder | Christopher Stanchak |
| Headquarters | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Area served | North America, Australia, Europe |
| Key people | Tim Raybould (President & CEO), Christopher Stanchak (Chairman) |
| Website | ticketleap.com |


title: Ticketclever

abstract: Ticketclever was an online retail website/online shopping organisation for train tickets for services in the United Kingdom. Ticketclever was known for creating an algorithm that was used to sort numerous ticket combinations from many different route combinations and to package them together for a given journey. Ticketclever was based in Oxford with offices in London and Cape Town, South Africa.

text:
# Ticketclever

**Ticketclever** (styled as **ticketclever**) was an online retail website/online shopping organisation for train tickets for services in the United Kingdom. Ticketclever was known for creating an algorithm that was used to sort numerous ticket combinations from many different route combinations and to package them together for a given journey.

Ticketclever was based in Oxford with offices in London and Cape Town, South Africa.

## History

Global Travel Ventures Ltd. (GTV) developed TicketClever (initially called FareMaster) in 2014. Ticketclever was launched in January 2017. Jeremy Acklam, previously from Trainline was the co-founder and CEO. In March 2017, ticketclever announced they were partnering with the charity St John Ambulance, to donate an amount to the charity once people purchase a train ticket. GTV sold a 20% stake in the company to train operating company Stagecoach Group in June 2017.

## Algorithm

Ticketclever tried to use analytics and data science to try and find the lowest price. Ticket clever employed three Oxford University alumni, two with Doctor of Philosophy in Particle Physics, one with a Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering Science to create an algorithm that filters data sets from the Rail Delivery Group, which represent 25 train operating companies in Great Britain that are responsible for running trains and setting the price of the fares. Ticketclever used this algorithm to find multi-ticket fare deals on Great Britain's railway network.

## Refunds

Ticketclever was able to issue refunds in accordance with the National Rail Conditions of Travel, if the circumstances allowed for a refund. The eligibility to change or cancel tickets varied depending on the type of ticket purchased. Companies could choose to charge an administration fee of up to £10 according to the National Rail Conditions of Carriage for refunds.

## InfoBox

Ticketclever
|
|  |
| Industry | Travel |
| Founded | 2016 |
| Headquarters | Oxford, England |
| Number of locations | 3 (Oxford, London, Cape Town) |
| Area served | United Kingdom |
| Key people | Jeremy Acklam (CEO) |
| Services | Train tickets |
| Owner | Global Travel Ventures |
| Website | www.ticketclever.com |


# East Timor at the 2024 Summer Paralympics

East Timor competed at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in Paris, France, from 28 August to 8 September 2024. This was the nation's fourth time competing at the Summer Paralympic Games after it made its debut at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and be absent at the 2020 Summer Paralympics. The delegation consisted of only one competitor from one sport.

## Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Athletics | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | 1 | 0 | 1 |

## Athletics

| Athlete | Event | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank |
| Teofilo Freitas | Men's 400 metres T38 | 55.18 | 7 |
| | Men's 1500 metres T38 | 4:30.10 | 8 |

## InfoBox

| East Timor at the
2024 Summer Paralympics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| IPC code | TLS |
| NPC | Comité Paralimpico Nacional de Timor-Leste |
| in Paris, France
August 28, 2024 (2024-08-28) – September 8, 2024 (2024-09-08) | |
| Competitors | 1 in 1 sport |
| Flag bearer | Teofilo Freitas |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| Summer Paralympics appearances (overview) | |
|  | |
| Other related appearances | |
| Individual Paralympic Athletes (2000) | |


title: Tico Records

abstract: Tico Records was a New York City record label that was founded in 1948, and was known for 30 years as the "home of the recorded mambo". It was originally owned by George Goldner and later acquired by Morris Levy and incorporated into Roulette Records. It specialized in Latin music and was significant for introducing artists such as Ismael Rivera, Ray Barretto and Tito Puente. In 1974, it was sold to Fania Records and stopped issuing new releases in 1981; however, the label's extensive catalog continues to be reissued under the Tico Records name. Nightclub owner Goldner started Tico Records in the 1940s after realizing there was no record label dedicated to Latin ballroom dancing music. In 2023, a compilation album, Hit The Bongo! The Latin Soul Of Tico Records, was released to celebrate the label's 75th anniversary.

text:
# Tico Records

**Tico Records** was a New York City record label that was founded in 1948, and was known for 30 years as the "home of the recorded mambo". It was originally owned by George Goldner and later acquired by Morris Levy and incorporated into Roulette Records. It specialized in Latin music and was significant for introducing artists such as Ismael Rivera, Ray Barretto and Tito Puente. In 1974, it was sold to Fania Records and stopped issuing new releases in 1981; however, the label's extensive catalog continues to be reissued under the Tico Records name.

Nightclub owner Goldner started Tico Records in the 1940s after realizing there was no record label dedicated to Latin ballroom dancing music. In 2023, a compilation album, *Hit The Bongo! The Latin Soul Of Tico Records*, was released to celebrate the label's 75th anniversary.

## InfoBox

| Tico Records | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1948 |
| Founder | George Goldner |


title: Tico (greyhound)

abstract: Tico was one of the sports leading racing greyhounds during the 1980s and a winner of the English Greyhound Derby.

text:
# Tico (greyhound)

**Tico** was one of the sports leading racing greyhounds during the 1980s and a winner of the English Greyhound Derby.

## Whelping and rearing

He was whelped 6 February 1984, from a mating between The Stranger and Derry Linda. He was bred by Jim Morrissey of Carrick-on-Suir. As a puppy he was moved to a pig farm and reared by Sean and Michael Dunphy of Portlaw.

## Racing

### 1985

Tico made his debut at Clonmel Greyhound Stadium on 8 July 1985 when owned by Morrissey and won by ten lengths. He was purchased by Alan Smee for £5,000 and sent to trainer Arthur Hitch, who had recently left Oxford Stadium for Slough Stadium. He raced several times at Wimbledon Stadium before being rested until the following year.

### 1986

The black dog was aimed at the Pall Mall Stakes and went on to win the final at Harringay Stadium. In the final he beat his Hot Sauce Yankee. After winning a Derby Trial Stake at Harringay (on 16 May) he was entered for the 1986 English Greyhound Derby and was one of the leading fancies for the competition. He won a qualifying heat on 27 May (at odds of 1–6) and first round on 7 June (at odds of 4–7), but lost to the new track record holder Fearless Action in the second round but still qualified. In the quarter-finals he bounced back on 19 June in the quarter-finals and impressed when beating Fearless Action and Lodge Prince in the semi-finals two days later. In the final he ran brilliantly to win by over five lengths helped by Murlens Slippy moving off and hampering Fearless Action, kennelmate Master Hardy finished second.

Tico then travelled to Shelbourne Park in an attempt to double up and win the 1986 Irish Greyhound Derby. The English champion progressed to the final which included a semi final win in 30.06 for 550 yards, just three spots off the track record. Although hot favourite for the final on 20 September he could only finish third after a poor start ruined his chances.

## Retirement

After a final appearance and win at Harringay he was retired to stud despite only being lightly raced, with a record of 17 wins from 23 races. He died in Ireland in February 1995 aged 11.

## Pedigree

|  |  | |  |  | |  |  | |  | Yanka Boy | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | |  | | || | |
|  | |  | | | | | | | |
|  | || | | |
|  | | Dark Mercury | | | | | | |  | | |
|  | |  | | | |
|  | |  | | | |  |  | | | |
|  | || |
|  | | An Tain | | | | | |
|  | |  | | |
|  | |  | | | | | |
|  | || |
|  | | The Stranger | | | | |  | | | | | | |
|  | |  ||
|  | |  | |  |  | |  |  | | | |
|  | || | | |
|  | | Myross Again | | | | | | |
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|  | || |
|  | | Lovely Blend | | | | |  | | |
|  | |  ||
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|  | || |
|  | | Clomoney Star | | | | |
|  | |  |
|  | |  | | | |
|  | |
|  | Tico | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | ||
|  |  | |  |  | |  |  | |  |  | | | |
|  | || | | | | |
|  | | Monalee Champion | | | | | | | | |
|  | |  | | || |
|  | |  | | | | | | | |
|  | || | | |
|  | | Linda's Champion | | | | | | |  | | |
|  | |  | | | |
|  | |  | | | |  |  | | | |
|  | || |
|  | | Merry Linda | | | | | |
|  | |  | | |
|  | |  | | | | | |
|  | || |
|  | | Derry Linda | | | | |  | | | | | | |
|  | |  ||
|  | |  | |  |  | |  |  | | | |
|  | || | | |
|  | | Kilbelin Style | | | | | | |
|  | |  | | |
|  | |  | | | | | |
|  | || |
|  | | Ballinderry Moth | | | | |  | | |
|  | |  ||
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|  | | Skipping Chick | | | | |
|  | |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## InfoBox

Tico
| Tico in 1986 | |
| --- | --- |
| Sire | The Stranger |
| Dam | Derry Linda |
| Sex | Dog |
| Whelped | 6 February 1984 |
| Died | February 1995 (aged 11) |
| Country | Ireland |
| Color | Black |
| Breeder | James Morrissey |
| Owner | Alan Smee |
| Trainer | Arthur Hitch |
| Record | |
| 23 | |
| Major wins | |
| 17 | |
| Honours | |
| 1986 English Greyhound Derby champion<br>Pall Mall Stakes champion | |


title: EIF1B

abstract: Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EIF1B gene.

text:
# EIF1B

**Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1b** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *EIF1B* gene.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| EIF1B | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | EIF1B, GC20, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1B | | |
| External IDs | MGI: 1916219; HomoloGene: 22219; GeneCards: EIF1B; OMA:EIF1B - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_005875   NM\_026892   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_005866   NP\_081168   Location (UCSC) Chr 3: 40.31 – 40.31 Mb Chr 9: 120.32 – 120.32 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: EIF2AK4

abstract: Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the EIF2AK4 gene. EIF2AK4 belongs to a family of kinases that phosphorylate the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2 to downregulate protein synthesis in response to varied cellular stresses.[supplied by OMIM]

text:
# EIF2AK4

**Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 4** is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the *EIF2AK4* gene.

EIF2AK4 belongs to a family of kinases that phosphorylate the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2 (EIF2S1; MIM 603907) to downregulate protein synthesis in response to varied cellular stresses (Berlanga et al., 1999).\[supplied by OMIM\]

## Further reading

* Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: *Q9P2K8* (eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2) at the PDBe-KB.

## InfoBox

| EIF2AK4 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Available structures  PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | EIF2AK4, GCN2, PVOD2, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 609280; MGI: 1353427; HomoloGene: 40891; GeneCards: EIF2AK4; OMA:EIF2AK4 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001013703   NM\_001177806
NM\_013719
NM\_001355383   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001013725   NP\_001171277
NP\_038747
NP\_001342312   Location (UCSC) Chr 15: 39.93 – 40.04 Mb Chr 2: 118.22 – 118.31 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Thottipalayam

abstract: Thottipalayam is a suburb Tiruppur in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

text:
# Thottipalayam

**Thottipalayam** is a suburb Tiruppur in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Thottipalayam had a population of 40,503. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Thottipalayam has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 76%, and female literacy is 59%. In Thottipalayam, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.

11°08′51″N 77°21′54″E / 11.14750°N 77.36500°E / 11.14750; 77.36500

## InfoBox

| Thottipalayam | |
| --- | --- |
| census town | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| District | Tiruppur |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 40,503 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | TN 37 |


title: E. J. Trivette

abstract: E. J. Trivette is a retired NASCAR Winston Cup Series driver.

text:
# E. J. Trivette

**E. J. Trivette** (born June 6, 1936, in Deep Gap, North Carolina, US) is a retired NASCAR Winston Cup Series driver.

## Career

In his thirteen-year career, Trivette has raced 177 races and has accomplished twenty-nine finishes in the top ten. He has also managed to race 31,181 laps – the equivalent to 23,731.6 miles (38,192.3 km). Trivette's average finish for his career was in 19th place while his average start for his career is 23rd place. Total earnings for this driver are $31,181 ($234,587.7 when adjusted for inflation). Richmond International Raceway was Trivette's favorite course; with him finishing in 11th place on average. Most of his rocky finishes would come at Talladega Superspeedway where a 35th-place finish was routine.

Gary Baird was Trivette's sponsor for most of his career. Chevrolet and Ford would be the primary manufacturers that would provide vehicles for this driver during his career. Trivette would also try his hand at owning a NASCAR ride; he would end up competing in seven different races for himself.

### Post-NASCAR career

His son Barry would eventually become the vice president and chassis designer for *Baird & Trivette Racing* (a company that E.J. Trivette would form with Gary Baird in 1982). Trivette now resides in the Ft. Myers, Florida area where his race car chassis manufacturing plant is located.

The business produces mainly for Late Model drivers and for GT (grand tourer) drivers.

## InfoBox

| E. J. Trivette | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1936-06-06) June 6, 1936<br>Deep Gap, North Carolina |
| NASCAR Cup Series career | |
| 177 races run over 13 years | |
| Best finish | 11th (1969) |
| First race | 1959 untitled race (Orange Speedway) |
| Last race | 1971 Maryville 200 (Smoky Mountain Raceway) |
| Wins Top tens Poles  0 29 0 | |
|  | |


title: E. J. Su

abstract: E. J. Su is an American comic book artist and penciller. He was born in Taiwan and moved to the United States at the age of 14. He is best known for his work on IDW Publishing's Transformers (2005) comic book. He also worked as illustrator for Castlevania: Belmont Legacy. He has also worked for Image Comics on Tech Jacket (2002), a six-issue limited series, with writer Robert Kirkman.

text:
# E. J. Su

**E. J. Su** is an American comic book artist and penciller. He was born in Taiwan and moved to the United States at the age of 14. He is best known for his work on IDW Publishing's Transformers (2005) comic book. He also worked as illustrator for Castlevania: Belmont Legacy.

He has also worked for Image Comics on *Tech Jacket* (2002), a six-issue limited series, with writer Robert Kirkman.

1. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-08-10. Retrieved 2010-10-09.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)


title: Through the Eyes of Tomorrow

abstract: Through the Eyes of Tomorrow is a Canadian variety and public affairs television series for youth which aired on CBC Television from 1966 to 1969.

text:
# Through the Eyes of Tomorrow

***Through the Eyes of Tomorrow*** is a Canadian variety and public affairs television series for youth which aired on CBC Television from 1966 to 1969.

## Premise

This series combined journalism, music and drama for a youth audience.

During its first run in 1966, the series was hosted by Paul Saltzman and Janet McQuillin. Each episode featured a given theme such as music, sex, drugs or overseas work. Personalities such as Peter Kastner, Richard J. Needham and Ed Thigpen appeared during the 1966 season.

In the following year, Saltzman continued with the series as a reporter and writer. However, episodes featured a changing roster of numerous hosts such as Rex Hagon and Jennifer Leak. Featured subjects included the Company of Young Canadians, Expo 67 and the Vietnam War.

The 1968 episodes were hosted by Brant Frayne, Carol Hunter and Wayne Thompson.

The final episodes in 1969, hosted by Stephen Foster, included an interview with Jimi Hendrix.

## Scheduling

This series was broadcast on Sunday afternoons for an hour in the 1966 season, the half-hour episodes for the remaining seasons.

| Season | Air dates | | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1966 | 9 January | 10 July | 2:00 p.m. | Hour-long episodes |
| 1967 | 8 January | 18 June | 4:30 p.m. |  |
| 1968 | 21 January | 30 June | 4:30 p.m. |  |
| 1969 | 23 February | 13 April | 3:30 p.m. |  |
| | 20 April | 29 June | 4:30 p.m. |  |

## InfoBox

| *Through the Eyes of Tomorrow* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | youth variety, public affairs |
| Presented by | various |
| Country of origin | Canada |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 4 |
| Production | |
| Producers | Neil Andrews
Perry Rosemond |
| Running time | 30–60 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | CBC Television |
| Release | 9 January 1966 (1966-01-09)
29 June 1969 (1969-06-29) |