title: Edmund Keene

abstract: Edmund Keene was an English churchman and academic, who was Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge and later served first as Bishop of Chester, then Bishop of Ely. Younger brother of the diplomat Benjamin Keene, the family were close friends of Sir Robert Walpole, British Prime Minister from 1721 to 1742. This connection helped him secure a series of lucrative positions in his early career but it was his relationship with Walpole's successor Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle that proved most beneficial. With Newcastle's support, he was appointed Vice-chancellor of the University of Cambridge in 1749, carrying out a number of reforms. In 1752, he became Bishop of Chester, then Bishop of Ely in 1771, his 'great object, the aim and end of his ambition'.

text:
# Edmund Keene

**Edmund Keene** (1714 – 6 July 1781) was an English churchman and academic, who was Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge and later served first as Bishop of Chester, then Bishop of Ely.

Younger brother of the diplomat Benjamin Keene, the family were close friends of Sir Robert Walpole, British Prime Minister from 1721 to 1742. This connection helped him secure a series of lucrative positions in his early career but it was his relationship with Walpole's successor Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle that proved most beneficial.

With Newcastle's support, he was appointed Vice-chancellor of the University of Cambridge in 1749, carrying out a number of reforms. In 1752, he became Bishop of Chester, then Bishop of Ely in 1771, his 'great object, the aim and end of his ambition'.

## Biographical details

Edmund Keene was born in King's Lynn, Norfolk in 1714, second surviving son of Charles Keene (1675–?) and Susan Rolfe (?–1753). His older brother Benjamin (1697–1757) was a distinguished diplomat and long-serving Ambassador to Spain.

Both his father and uncle Benjamin served as Mayor of King's Lynn, as did his grandfather Edmund Rolfe (1640–1726). In addition, Rolfe was election agent for Sir Robert Walpole, British Prime Minister from 1721 to 1742; this connection helped the careers of both Benjamin and Edmund.

In May 1752, he married Mary Andrewes (1725–1776), only child of a wealthy London merchant. They had a daughter and a son, Benjamin, MP for Cambridge from 1775 to 1784.

## Career

Through the influence of Sir Robert Walpole, friend of the family, he was educated at Charterhouse School, and was admitted to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, in 1730. He graduated B.A. in January 1734, and M.A. in 1737, having been incorporated at Oxford on 14 July 1735. From Michaelmas 1730 to Lady day 1734 he was scholar of Caius, and from Michaelmas 1736 to the same date in 1739 he was one of its junior fellows. In August 1739 he became a fellow of Peterhouse, Cambridge, and on 31 December 1748 was promoted to be Master of Peterhouse.

For the two academic years ending November 1751 he was a reforming vice-chancellor of the university; a code of orders and regulations, proposed to the university senate on 11 May 1750, subsequently became law, and provoked an *Occasional Letter to Dr. Keene*, and other pamphlets. Having been ordained deacon on 18 July 1736, he held from 1740 to 1770 the rectory of Stanhope in County Durham. He made improvements to the house and gardens, and enlarged. On 22 March 1752 he was consecrated in the chapel of Ely House as bishop of Chester, but he did not resign the mastership of his college until 1754. While at Chester he rebuilt the episcopal palace; George Grenville, in December 1764, proposed that he should accept a transfer to the archiepiscopal see of Armagh, but Keene held out for the diocese of Ely.

On 22 January 1771 he was confirmed as bishop of Ely. He obtained in 1772 an act of parliament for alienating from the see the ancient bishop's palace in Holborn, and for purchasing the freehold of a house in Dover Street, Piccadilly, London; the house on that site was built by him about 1776. He also rebuilt most of the palace at Ely, and furnished a gallery of portraits of its bishops from the Reformation. Many of Keene's appointments to livings did him credit, and where there was no resident incumbent he reserved to himself the right of appointing to the curacies, but he did not escape hostile criticism, and the epigrams of Thomas Gray were especially severe. He died at Ely House, Dover Street, London, on 6 July 1781 and at his own desire was buried in West's Chapel, Ely Cathedral, with a short epitaph written by himself.

## Works

Keene was select preacher at Whitehall Chapel in 1738, and published five sermons. He was the author of a translation of the first book of Theocritus, 'by a Gentleman,' which is inserted in John Whalley's *Poems* (1745), pp. 133–49. The original edition of Bentham's *Ely* was dedicated to him, and to it was prefixed a plate of his arms.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| The Right Reverend
Edmund Keene
 | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Ely | |
| Bishop Keene, by Johan Zoffany, 1768 | |
| Diocese | Diocese of Ely |
| In office | 22 January 1771 – 6 July 1781 (death) |
| Predecessor | Matthias Mawson |
| Successor | James Yorke |
| Other post(s) | Bishop of Chester (1752–1771)
Vice-chancellor, University of Cambridge (1749–1750) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1714 (1714)
King's Lynn, Norfolk |
| Died | 6 July 1781(1781-07-06) (aged 67)
Ely Place, London |
| Buried | Bishop West's Chapel, Ely Cathedral |
| Nationality | British |
| Denomination | Church of England |
| Residence | Ely Palace, London |
| Parents | Charles Keene (1674–?)
Susan Rolfe (? – 1753) |
| Spouse | Mary Andrewes (1725–1776) |
| Children | Benjamin Keene (1753–1837) |
| Profession | Clergy |
| Education | Charterhouse |
| Alma mater | Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge |


title: Eduardus Nabunome

abstract:
Anderias Hiler Eduardus Nabunome was an Indonesian long-distance runner. He competed in the men's 5000 metres and the 10,000 metres at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
He won 1992 Asian Marathon Championships in Bandung. After his retirement as an athlete, he ran his own athletic club, and became a trainer for the Indonesian Athletics Federation in Jakarta. He died on 12 October 2020 in Jakarta while being treated for a heart disease.

text:
# Eduardus Nabunome

**Anderias Hiler Eduardus Nabunome** (12 April 1968  12 October 2020) was an Indonesian long-distance runner. He competed in the men's 5000 metres and the 10,000 metres at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He won 1992 Asian Marathon Championships in Bandung.

After his retirement as an athlete, he ran his own athletic club, and became a trainer for the Indonesian Athletics Federation in Jakarta. He died on 12 October 2020 in Jakarta while being treated for a heart disease.

## InfoBox

Eduardus Nabunome
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Anderias Hiler Eduardus Nabunome |
| Nationality | Indonesian |
| Born | (1968-04-12)12 April 1968
South Central Timor, Indonesia |
| Died | 12 October 2020(2020-10-12) (aged 52)
Jakarta, Indonesia |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Long-distance running |
| Event | 5000 metres |
| Medal record      Men's athletics  Representing  Indonesia  Asian Marathon Championships  1992 Bandung Marathon  1994 Oita–Nagoya Marathon  Southeast Asian Games  1987 Jakarta 5,000 m  1987 Jakarta 10,000 m  1989 Kuala Lumpur 5,000 m  1989 Kuala Lumpur 10,000 m  1991 Manila 10,000 m  1997 Jakarta Marathon | |


title: Edmundo Pinto

abstract: Edmundo Pinto de Almeida Neto was a Brazilian lawyer and politician who served as governor of Acre from 1991 to his murder in 1992.

text:
# Edmundo Pinto

**Edmundo Pinto de Almeida Neto** (21 June 1953 – 17 May 1992) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician who served as governor of Acre from 1991 to his murder in 1992.

## Life and career

Son of Pedro Veras de Almeida and Angelina Veras de Almeida, after obtaining a Bachelor's degree in Law from the Federal University of Acre he began his political career in the ARENA party, being defeated as a candidate for state deputy in 1974 and for councilor of Rio Branco in 1976. After the end of bipartisanship during the dictatorship thanks to a political reform approved by the João Figueiredo government, Pinto joined the PDS and in 1982 was elected councilor in Rio Branco and state deputy for Acre in 1986.

In the Legislative Assembly of Acre he was an opponent of the Flaviano Melo and Édison Cadaxo governments, both from the PMDB and in 1990 he was elected governor of Acre in a dispute where he beat Jorge Viana (PT) in the second round, and was sworn in on 15 March 1991.

## Murder

In the early hours of 17 May 1992, Pinto was shot dead by three men in apartment 707 of the Hotel Della Volpe Garden on Frei Caneca Street in São Paulo. The criminals stole Cr$500,000 from the apartment he had occupied since 14 May and also stole US$1,500 from John Franklin Jones, a guest in apartment 714 and an employee of the North American bank Northeast. Jones told the police that the robbers were three mulattoes, and his testimony allowed the criminals to be arrested.

The murder occurred less than 48 hours before Pinto was set to testify in a CPI (*Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito*, Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry) that would investigate suspicions that governor Pinto was responsible for misappropriating funds for the construction of the Maternity Canal with resources from the Fundo de Garantia do Tempo de Serviço (FGTS) in a case where former minister Antônio Rogério Magri was mentioned, but whose involvement was never confirmed. There were also suspicions about Acre party disputes and even "archive burning". The police concluded that it was a *latrocínio* (robbery followed by death), as there was evidence of a physical fight between Pinto and his murderers, as Pinto was glanced by a bullet to the head before being shot in the heart.

There were new investigations into the case in 1993 and 2003, and it was the target of a CPI of its own in 1992 when Gilson José dos Santos, one of the accused in the killing of Pinto, said that he had received money to commit the crime.

## Personal life

Pinto was married to Fátima Barbosa de Almeida, with whom he had three children: Pedro Veras de Almeida Neto, Rodrigo Barbosa de Almeida Pinto and Nuana Naira Barbosa de Almeida.

## InfoBox

| Edmundo Pinto | |
| --- | --- |
| Official portrait as governor | |
|  | |
| Governor of Acre | |
| **In office**
15 March 1991  17 May 1992 | |
| Vice Governor | Romildo Magalhães |
| Preceded by | Édison Cadaxo |
| Succeeded by | Romildo Magalhães |
| State Deputy for Acre | |
| **In office**
1 February 1987  14 March 1991 | |
| Councilor of Rio Branco | |
| **In office**
1 January 1983  31 January 1987 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Edmundo Pinto de Almeida Neto
(1953-06-21)21 June 1953
Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil |
| Died | 17 May 1992(1992-05-17) (aged 38)
São Paulo, Brazil |
| Political party |  |
| Profession | Lawyer |
|  | |


title: Tobias Is an Angel

abstract: Tobias Is an Angel is a 1940 French comedy film directed by Yves Allégret. The title is a reference to Tobias and the Angel. The film was made at Toulon, then in Vichy France. It is now considered a lost film.

text:
# Tobias Is an Angel

***Tobias Is an Angel*** (French: ***Tobie est un ange***) is a 1940 French comedy film directed by Yves Allégret. The title is a reference to Tobias and the Angel. The film was made at Toulon, then in Vichy France. It is now considered a lost film.

## Synopsis

Tobias is a put-upon fairground worker is constantly belittled by his manager. In despair he goes to the fortune teller who predicts an inheritance for him. After this his confidence improves and he is offered a promotion by the owner of the fair.

## Cast

1. Waldman p.149

## Bibliography

* Waldman, Harry. *Scenes Unseen: Unreleased and Uncompleted Films from the World's Master Filmmakers, 1912-1990*. McFarland, 1991.

## InfoBox

| Tobias Is an Angel | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Yves Allégret |
| Cinematography | Henri Alekan |
| Running time | 71 minutes |
| Country | France |
| Language | French |


title: Tobias Joaquim Dai

abstract: General Tobias Joaquim Dai was Minister of National Defence of Mozambique from 2000 to 2008. He took office on January 17, 2000 and was replaced by Filipe Nhussi in March 2008. Dai is the brother-in-law of President Armando Guebuza.

text:
# Tobias Joaquim Dai

General **Tobias Joaquim Dai** (born November 25, 1950) was Minister of National Defence of Mozambique from 2000 to 2008. He took office on January 17, 2000 and was replaced by Filipe Nhussi in March 2008.

Dai is the brother-in-law of President Armando Guebuza.

## InfoBox

| Tobias Joaquim Dai | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Minister of National Defence | |
| **In office**<br>January 17, 2000  March 26, 2008 | |
| Succeeded by | Filipe Nyusi |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1950-11-25) November 25, 1950 |
| Nationality | Mozambican |
|  | |


title: SEAT Córdoba WRC

abstract: The SEAT Córdoba WRC is a World Rally Car built for the SEAT World Rally Team in the World Rally Championship. It is based upon the SEAT Córdoba road car, and was debuted at the 1998 Rally Finland.

text:
# SEAT Córdoba WRC

The **SEAT Córdoba WRC** is a World Rally Car built for the SEAT World Rally Team in the World Rally Championship. It is based upon the SEAT Córdoba road car, and was debuted at the 1998 Rally Finland.

## Competition history

The Córdoba WRC was SEAT's official rally car in the World Rally Championship from 1998 to 2000. It featured a 2.0 litre turbocharged engine. The Córdoba WRC competed in the top category of the championship, as SEAT had homologated a World Rally Car version of the Córdoba 16v for competition in the FIA World Rally Championship and other international rallies.

1994 World Drivers' Champion Didier Auriol, of France, and Toni Gardemeister and Harri Rovanperä, both of Finland, were among those to drive the factory cars.

It made its debut at the 1998 Rally Finland, with Harri Rovanperä as the main driver. The car achieved podiums at the 1999 Rally New Zealand, driven by Toni Gardemeister, the 1999 Rally GB, driven by Rovanperä, as well as in the 2000 Safari Rally, driven by Didier Auriol. The works programme concluded at the end of the season of 2000, with the third evolution of the rally car.

However, the Córdoba WRC continued to compete with successful results in national championships in different countries. In Spain, the Córdoba won the national title of all the rallies on gravel with Pedro Diego and Marc Blázquez, and wins in tarmac rallies with Salvador Cañellas Jr.

## WRC Results

| Year | Car | No | Driver | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | WDC | Points | WMC | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1998 | SEAT Córdoba WRC | 9 | Harri Rovanperä | MON | SWE | KEN | POR | ESP | FRA | ARG | GRC | NZL | FIN
11 | ITA
Ret | AUS
11 | GBR
6 |  | 15th\* | 3\* | 5th | 1 |
| | 10 | Oriol Gómez | MON | SWE | | | KEN | POR | ESP | FRA | ARG | GRC | NZL | FIN
Ret |  |  |  |  | - | 0 |
| | Marc Duez |  |  |  | | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ITA
16 | AUS
Ret |  |  | - | 0 |
| | Gwyndaf Evans |  |  |  | | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | GBR
Ret |  | - | 0 |
| 1999 | SEAT Córdoba WRC | 9 | Harri Rovanperä | MON
7 | SWE
16 | KEN
6 | POR
Ret | ESP
14 | FRA
13 | ARG
Ret | GRE
Ret | NZL
Ret |  |  |  |  |  | 9th | 10 | 5th | 23 |
| | | | | | | | Seat Cordoba WRC Evo2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | FIN
5 | CHN
5 | ITA
16 | AUS
6 | GBR
3 |
| | SEAT Córdoba WRC | 10 | Piero Liatti | MON
6 | | | SWE | KEN
Ret | POR
Ret | ESP
10 | FRA
9 | ARG
Ret | GRE
Ret |  |  |  |  |  |  | 23rd | 1 |
| | | | | | | | Seat Cordoba WRC Evo2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CHN
Ret | ITA
16 |  |  |
| | | SEAT Córdoba WRC | Marcus Grönholm |  | | | SWE
Ret |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15th\* | 5\* |
| | | Toni Gardemeister |  |  | | |  |  |  |  |  |  | NZL
3 |  |  |  |  |  | 13th\* | 6\* |
| | | | Seat Cordoba WRC Evo2 |  | | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | FIN
6 |  |  | AUS
16 | GBR
Ret |
| | Seat Cordoba WRC Evo2 | 16 | Gwyndaf Evans | MON | | | SWE | KEN | POR | ESP | FRA | ARG | GRE | NZL | FIN | CHN | ITA | AUS | GBR
Ret | - | 0 |
| | 20 | Toni Gardemeister | MON | SWE | | | KEN | POR | ESP | FRA | ARG | GRE |  |  | CHN | ITA
Ret |  |  | 13th\* | 6\* |
| 2000 | SEAT Cordoba WRC Evo2 | 7 | Didier Auriol | MON
Ret | SWE
10 | KEN
3 | POR
10 | ESP
13 | ARG
Ret | GRC
Ret | NZL
Ret |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12th | 4 | 5th | 11 |
| | | | | | | | SEAT Córdoba WRC Evo3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | FIN
11 | CYP
Ret | FRA
8 | ITA
17 | AUS
8 | GBR
9 |
| | SEAT Cordoba WRC Evo2 | 8 | Toni Gardemeister | MON
4 | | | SWE
Ret | KEN
Ret | POR
9 | ESP
Ret | ARG
Ret | GRC
Ret | NZL
Ret |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13th | 4 |
| | | | | | | | SEAT Cordoba WRC Evo3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | FIN
Ret | CYP
Ret | FRA
11 | ITA
Ret | AUS
6 | GBR
12 |
| | SEAT Cordoba WRC Evo2 | 17 | Harri Rovanperä | MON | | | SWE
12 | KEN | POR | ESP | ARG | GRC | NZL |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9th\* | 7\* |
| | | | | | | | SEAT Cordoba WRC Evo3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | FIN | CYP | FRA | ITA | AUS | GBR
10 |
| | SEAT Cordoba WRC Evo3 | 20 | Gwyndaf Evans | MON | | | SWE | KEN | POR | ESP | ARG | GRC | NZL | FIN | CYP | FRA | ITA | AUS | GBR
Ret | - | 0 |
| 2001 | SEAT Cordoba WRC Evo3 | - | Marc Blázquez | MON | SWE | POR
16 | ESP
Ret | ARG
Ret | CYP
Ret | GRC | KEN | FIN | NZL | ITA | FRA | AUS | GBR |  | 0 | - | 0 |
| | 21 | Salvador Cañellas Jr. | MON | SWE | | | POR | ESP
Ret | ARG | CYP | GRC | KEN | FIN | NZL | ITA | FRA | AUS | GBR |  | 0 |
| | 24 | Gwyndaf Evans | MON | SWE | | | POR | ESP | ARG | CYP | GRC | KEN | FIN | NZL | ITA | FRA | AUS | GBR
Ret |  | 0 |
|

## InfoBox

SEAT Córdoba WRC
| Daniel Solà driving a SEAT Córdoba WRC at the Rallye de tierra de Cangas del Narcea. | |
| --- | --- |
| Category | World Rally Car |
| Constructor | SEAT |
| Technical specifications | |
| Length | * 4,135 mm (162.8 in) (debut) * 4,172 mm (164.3 in) (upgrade) |
| Width | 1,770 mm (69.7 in) |
| Height | 1,500 mm (59.1 in) |
| Axle track | 1,520 mm (59.8 in) |
| Wheelbase | 2,443 mm (96.2 in) |
| Engine | 1,995 cc (121.7 cu in) I4 turbo charge
Front transverse |
| Transmission | Six-speed sequential
4-wheel drive |
| Weight | 1,230 kg (2,711.7 lb) |
| Tyres | Pirelli |
| Competition history (WRC) | |
| Notable entrants | SEAT World Rally Team |
| Notable drivers |  |
| Debut | 1998 Rally Finland |
| Races Wins Podiums Titles  37 0 3 0 | |


title: Emanuele Papi

abstract: Emanuele Papi is an Italian classical archaeologist. He is professor of classical archaeology at the University of Siena, and professor of Roman archaeology at the Italian Archaeological School of Athens. His primary research interests are the topography of Ancient Rome, the archaeology of Roman Mediterranean provinces, and the economy and trade of Rome and the Roman Empire.

text:
# Emanuele Papi

**Emanuele Papi** (30 August 1959) is an Italian classical archaeologist. He is professor of classical archaeology at the University of Siena, and professor of Roman archaeology at the Italian Archaeological School of Athens. His primary research interests are the topography of Ancient Rome, the archaeology of Roman Mediterranean provinces, and the economy and trade of Rome and the Roman Empire.

## Biography

He received his degree in Roman Archaeology at the University of Siena, and a doctorate at the University of Pisa, under the supervision of Andrea Carandini. He returned to the University of Siena in 1992 as researcher, associate professor (2002), and Professor in Classical Archaeology (since 2005). He was Director of the International PhD programme, Prehistory and Protohistory, History and Archaeology of the Ancient World and of the Ancient Societies of North Africa, Sahara and Mediterranean Levant Studies Centre\], with B. Barich and M. de Vos Raaijmakers.

His first work was devoted to the archaeology and topography of ancient Rome and Roman Etruria. He was member of the editorial board of the *Lexicon Topographicum Urbis Romae*, edited by E. M. Steinby. He has excavated in North Africa, Egypt and Greece focussing on urban sites (Thamusida and Lixus in Morocco, Hephaistia on Lemnos and Dionysias in the Faiyum).

In Rome, he excavated with Andrea Carandini (northern slopes of the Palatine), in Siena (Hospital of Santa Maria della Scala), and in Bomarzo with J. Th. Peña and in collaboration with the American Academy in Rome. He is a member of the editorial board of the journals Workshop for Classical Archaeology, Facta, Annals of the Faculty of Arts, University of Siena.

At present Papi is overseeing archaeological missions in Greece, Morocco and Egypt.

## Research outline

Main research areas:

Archeology and topography of ancient Rome Instrumentum domesticum the Roman and Late Antiquity Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology Economy and commerce of Rome and the Roman Empire Society of the Roman Empire border Colonial Archaeology Research projects under way: Since 1999 archaeological research at Thamusida (Sidi Ali ben Ahmed, Morocco) Since 2002 archaeological research at Hephaestia (Lemnos, Greece) 2009: Archaeological research in Dionysias (Qaroun Qasr, Egypt) Since 2010: archaeological research at Lixus (Larache Morocco) Since 2012: research on oil mills late antique and Byzantine Athens Since 2013: restoration and enhancement of the medersa of Chellah (Rabat) and the "Palais de Gordien" Volubilis (Morocco) From 2013: archeology and archeometria of food production in the Eastern Mediterranean society in Roman and Byzantine times


title: Roman Septuagint

abstract: The Roman Septuagint, also known as the Sixtine Septuagint or the Roman Sixtine Septuagint, is an edition of the Septuagint published in 1587, and commissioned by Pope Sixtus V. The printing of the book "was worked off in 1586, but the work was not published until May 1587". Hence why a second I on the publication date of the book "has been added in many copies with the pen". This edition is based on the Codex Vaticanus. The text of this edition of the Septuagint became mostly the standard for all the later editions of the Septuagint for three centuries after its publication, until Rahlf published his edition of the Septuagint which became the new standard. Antonio Carafa directed the work on the edition of the Roman Septuagint. The Roman Septuagint was published "by the authority of Sixtus V, to assist the revisers who were preparing the Latin Vulgate edition ordered by the Council of Trent".

text:
# Roman Septuagint

The **Roman Septuagint**, also known as the **Sixtine Septuagint** (Sixtine **LXX**) or the **Roman Sixtine Septuagint**, is an edition of the Septuagint published in 1587, and commissioned by Pope Sixtus V.

The printing of the book "was worked off in 1586, but the work was not published until May 1587". Hence why a second **I** on the publication date of the book "has been added in many copies with the pen".

This edition is based on the *Codex Vaticanus*. The text of this edition of the Septuagint became mostly the standard for all the later editions of the Septuagint for three centuries after its publication, until Rahlf published his edition of the Septuagint which became the new standard.

Antonio Carafa directed the work on the edition of the Roman Septuagint. The Roman Septuagint was published "by the authority of Sixtus V, to assist the revisers who were preparing the Latin Vulgate edition ordered by the Council of Trent".

## Names

This work has been given multiple names:

* Roman Septuagint
* Sixtine Septuagint (Sixtine LXX)
* Roman Sixtine Septuagint
* Roman (Sixtine) Septuagint
* Roman edition of the Septuagint
* Vetus Testamentum Iuxta Septuaginta

**Original edition:**

**Other**

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Roman Septuagint
| Title page of the Roman (Sixtine) Septuagint | |
| --- | --- |
| Language | Koine Greek |
| Published | 1587 |
| Publication place | Papal States |


title: Constantin Ranst de Jonge

abstract: Constanti(j)n Ranst de Jonge was a Dutch businessman employed by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) who was chief of the trading posts in Tonkin and Dutch Bengal and three times opperhoofd of Dejima in Japan.

text:
# Constantin Ranst de Jonge

**Constanti(j)n Ranst de Jonge** (28 October 1635 – 10 January 1714) was a Dutch businessman employed by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) who was chief of the trading posts in Tonkin and Dutch Bengal and three times opperhoofd of Dejima in Japan.

## Ranst Family

Ranst was born in Amsterdam as the son of Hieronimus Rans(t) (1607–1660) and Barbara Carel. The Ranst family had originated in Bruges, but had moved to Middelburg and Amsterdam after 1585. Hieronimus and Barbara lived near the port, on Oude Schans 74/76, in a house called *The Two Tigers*. The couple had at least eleven children; four died young. In 1633 Hieronimus invested in digging peat near Smilde, in 1635 he bought property in the Schermer, when the polder was drained, and in 1638 he was involved in whaling. In 1640 he became a guardian over the children of Gommer Spranger. In 1644 Hieronimus owned a mansion designed by Philips Vingboons in the Purmer near Edam; in 1650 his brother-in-law, Willem Boreel, became ambassador in Venice.

## Constantin Ranst

In 1656 Constantin married Hester Hartsinck in Batavia. In March 1659 he arrived in Cape Colony and met with Jan van Riebeeck and Johan Bax (van Herentals). He was successively chief of Tonkin, 1665–1667, opperhoofd on Deshima, 1667–1668, extraordinary council in Batavia (1668), director of Bengal (1669–1673), ordinary council (1675) in Batavia, opperhoofd in Deshima 1683–1684, and again from 1686 to 1687.

In 1688 Jacob J. Hinlopen (1668–1698) married his daughter Hester (Bengal, 1671-Amsterdam, 1750) in Ouderkerk aan de Amstel. Ranst lived on Herengracht 527; the house (& seven warehouses on Prinsengracht) were inherited by his grandson Jacob J. Hinlopen. Ranst owned a painting by Rembrandt van Rijn with the adoration of the three kings. His brother Leonard was a member of the vroedschap. Ranst belonged to the 250 wealthiest families in the Netherlands during the Golden Age. He died in Amsterdam.

In 1717 the mansion on Herengracht was rented out to czar Peter the Great during his 2nd visit.

## Literature

* 'Constantijn Ranst', in Kees Zandvliet, De 250 rijksten van de Gouden Eeuw (Amsterdam : Rijksmuseum etc., 2006) 131–132.
* Gaastra, F.S. (1985) Constantijn Ranst en de corruptie onder het personeel van de VOC te Bengalen, 1669 - 1673. e.v.a.
* “Constantijn Ranst”. In Groenveld, S., M.E.H.N. Mout, I. Schoffer, Bestuurders en geleerden: opstellen over onderwerpen uit de Nederlandse geschiedenis van de zestiende, zeventiende en achttiende eeuw, aangeboden aan Prof. Dr. J.J. Woltjer bij zijn afscheid als hoogleraar van de Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden Amsterdam: De Bataafsche Leeuw. 1985.


title: Bloodhype

abstract: Bloodhype (1973) is a science fiction novel by American writer Alan Dean Foster. The book is eleventh chronologically in the Pip and Flinx series, though it was written second; the main characters only appear in the last third of the book. In the series, it falls after Orphan Star, where Flinx meets the aliens who build him his ship, the Teacher. The novel takes its title from a deadly and addictive drug, for which there is no known antidote, and which causes instant addiction followed by a long, slow, painful death unless the user continues to take increasingly greater doses.

text:
# Bloodhype

***Bloodhype*** (1973) is a science fiction novel by American writer Alan Dean Foster. The book is eleventh chronologically in the Pip and Flinx series, though it was written second; the main characters only appear in the last third of the book. In the series, it falls after *Orphan Star*, where Flinx meets the aliens who build him his ship, the *Teacher*. The novel takes its title from a deadly and addictive drug, for which there is no known antidote, and which causes instant addiction followed by a long, slow, painful death unless the user continues to take increasingly greater doses.

## Plot

The Vom is an intergalactic intelligence described as a large black blob resembling a gigantic amoeba, impervious to almost all energy and physical attack. Following years of battle with the Tar-Aiym it has sheltered on a planet where it has gone dormant for 500,000 years, waiting for an opportunity to escape the Tar-Aiym Guardian orbiting in space above it. Carmot MMYM, a commander in the AAnn Empire, discovers the Vom and brings it to the planet Repler for study at an AAnn base that had been conceded to the reptilians as part of a negotiated settlement of ownership of the planet; the AAnn base is sovereign territory, allowing them to conceal the nature of their work.

Lieutenants Kitten “Kitty” Kai-sung, a female human, and Porsupah-al, a male Tolian, have been sent by the Intelligence Arm of the United Church to Repler to investigate the newly re-established trade in the drug bloodhype (also known as "jaster", "silly salt", "brain-up", and "phinto") as the most deadly and addictive drug in and outside the Humanx Commonwealth. Once on Repler they make contact with the drug trader Dominick Rose, who had used an unwitting Captain Malcolm "Mal" Hammurabi and his ship, the *Umbra*, as unwilling transporters of bloodhype. Mal discovers the drug accidentally, and determines that Rose caused it to be included with the shipment that Mal brought to Repler; angry, Mal secures the drug on board his ship and goes to confront Rose, proposing to exchange his silence (and the destruction of the drug) for Rose avoiding arrest and mind-wipe by ceasing all production and distribution.

Meanwhile, Kitten's and Porsupah's covers are blown, and they are captured by Rose. Mal's arrival interrupts Rose's plans to torture Kitten to death by vivisection, and Mal is forced to trade the drug for the release of the Church agents (and himself). While awaiting the trade, they encounter Flinx, currently in Rose's employ as an "assistant sanitation engineer". Flinx, who has only been working for Rose's organization a short time, finds out who they are and that they are being held against their will; Flinx helps them escape.

After the agents report Rose's activities to the United Church, Rose escapes to the AAnn base, where he blackmails the base commander into promising safe passage off-world lest Rose release his entire supply of bloodhype *via* an over-pressurized container with a "dead-man" trigger (which would lead to a horrible death for everyone on the base). Led by Mal, the agents enlist the help of another wealthy (but legitimate) Replerian merchant, Chatham Kingsley, who has discovered the Tar-Aiym Guardian (named Peot) and his machine now orbiting above Repler. Awoken by Flinx's psychic abilities, the Guardian prepares to fight the Vom again, while Kitty, Porsupah, and Mal prepare a raid on the AAnn base to capture Rose. Alerted to the presence of the Guardian, the Vom escapes the AAnn base, destroying the installation. The Vom and Guardian engage in a psychic battle as an AAnn fleet arrives to evacuate their survivors, and the fleet commander tricks the greedy Rose into returning (alone) to the base to retrieve data that could damage the reputation of the base commander. Flinx joins Peot against the Vom, but despite their combined efforts, the Vom slowly gains the advantage.

Left behind by the AAnn, Rose desperately attempts to negotiate with the Vom while it is still engaged in the life-or-death battle; instead, the Vom consumes him, and his bloodhype supply. The drug is devastatingly effective against the creature, which had proven immune to conventional explosives and energy weapons fired by the Replerian constabulary (as well as the AAnn weapons); weakened, the Vom succumbs to the Tar-Aiym Guardian.

After the battle, the Guardian self-destructs; Flinx leaves Repler on his ship *Teacher*. Porsupah gets drunk, while Mal and Kitty start a romantic relationship.

## InfoBox

Bloodhype
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Alan Dean Foster |
| Cover artist | Jerome Podwil |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Publisher | Ballantine |
| Publication date | 1973 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (paperback) |
| Pages | 249 |
| ISBN | 0-345-03163-6 |
| OCLC | 19121889 |
| Preceded by | *Running from the Deity* |
| Followed by | *Trouble Magnet* |


title: Between the Heart and the Synapse

abstract: Between the Heart and the Synapse is the debut studio album by American post-hardcore band the Receiving End of Sirens. It was released on April 16, 2005, via Triple Crown Records. The band signed to Triple Crown in October 2004, and began recording with producer Matt Squire later that month. Between the Heart and the Synapse uses elements of metal, progressive rock, and electronica, and has been compared to the works of Coheed and Cambria, Tool, and The Mars Volta. Between the Heart and the Synapse received generally positive reviews from music critics, with particular compliments going towards the vocal harmonies and melding of genres, but it received some criticism for an overambitious runtime. It is the only release by The Receiving End of Sirens to feature Casey Crescenzo, who joined the band in January 2004, replacing Ben Potrykus, and left in May 2006. Following his departure, Cody Bonnette of As Cities Burn and Brian Southall of Boys Night Out filled Crescenzo's role on tour.

text:
# Between the Heart and the Synapse

***Between the Heart and the Synapse*** is the debut studio album by American post-hardcore band the Receiving End of Sirens. It was released on April 16, 2005, via Triple Crown Records. The band signed to Triple Crown in October 2004, and began recording with producer Matt Squire later that month. *Between the Heart and the Synapse* uses elements of metal, progressive rock, and electronica, and has been compared to the works of Coheed and Cambria, Tool, and The Mars Volta.

*Between the Heart and the Synapse* received generally positive reviews from music critics, with particular compliments going towards the vocal harmonies and melding of genres, but it received some criticism for an overambitious runtime. It is the only release by The Receiving End of Sirens to feature Casey Crescenzo, who joined the band in January 2004, replacing Ben Potrykus, and left in May 2006. Following his departure, Cody Bonnette of As Cities Burn and Brian Southall of Boys Night Out filled Crescenzo's role on tour.

## Background

Bassist Brendan Brown and guitarist Alex Bars formed The Receiving End of Sirens during their first year of college at Northeastern University in 2003. The pair, who first started playing music together in their high school band Settle for Nothing, soon brought in guitarist Nate Patterson, drummer Andrew Cook, and vocalist Ben Potrykus. They played their first show together in March of that year, and embarked on a brief tour with Hidden in Plain View in August. As the band's success increased, Cook, Brown, and Bars elected not to continue their studies.

In November 2003, Potrykus, uncomfortable with signing to major label Atlantic Records and with the prospect of abandoning his studies at Emerson College, left the band, and Casey Crescenzo was hired as his replacement in January 2004. In October, the band signed to independent label Triple Crown Records to record their debut full-length record, set to be released between March and April 2005.

## Composition

### Overview

*Between the Heart and the Synapse* has been described as a post-hardcore release, incorporating elements of punk rock, metal, progressive rock, and electronica, and earning the band comparisons to Coheed and Cambria, Tool, Refused, The Mars Volta, and *The Artist in the Ambulance* (2003)-era Thrice. Rather than following the verse–chorus form, the band prefers songs with free form structures, with the notable exception of "Planning a Prison Break." The use of multiple vocalists and guitarists allows The Receiving End of sirens to create three-part harmonies and riffs, occasionally supplemented by Crescenzo's screaming.

The band also incorporated programming, vocal manipulation, and programmed drums into the album, using clips of ambient electronic sounds. The studio in which *Between the Heart and the Synapse* was recorded was connected to a room where an orchestra was recording, and Crescenzo said in a 2013 interview with *Alternative Press* that he "had a backdoor to that room," and "bootlegged everything they were doing" to turn it into samples.

The album's title is taken from a line in the track "This Armistice." Brown has said that the album explores internal battles between the heart and the mind, and between the real and ideal self. The lyrics, predominantly written by Brown and Crescenzo, with some help from Cook, use wordplay and alliteration to tackle the themes of love, prison break, war, masturbation, the departure of Potrykus, and the tale of *Romeo and Juliet*. Members of Lux Courageous and Driving Silence contribute guest vocals to "Planning a Prison Break," "This Armistice," and "Epilogue," while Anthony Green of Circa Survive provided guest vocals on "Flee the Factory" and "Epilogue."

### Tracks

Crescenzo sings the verse sections on "Planning a Prison Break," with Brown handling the first chorus, and Bars the second. All three sing the refrain, "This is the last night in my body," which is used as a motif throughout the album. Brown has said that the line is about being "unsatisfied with how I am living and vowing to my self to never just settle or accept the way I am living." "Planning a Prison Break," as well as parts of "This Armistice," were written while Potrykus was a member of the band, and were re-worked with Crescenzo. "The Rival Cycle" utilized electronic sounds following the song's breakdown, and features two different chorus sections being sung simultaneously. The pop punk-indebted "The Evidence" is followed by "The War of All Against All," which opens with a tribal drum pattern before shifting to a chorus section of changing rhythms that crescendo to the end.

The background chorus, guitar octaves, and slow percussion at the end of "The War of All Against All" provide a clean segue into "... Then I Defy You, Stars," which is in turn followed by the piano-driven, slow-building track "Intermission," and the hard rock number "This Armistice." "Broadcast Quality" begins with pop punk melodies before shifting into a breakdown and ending with a choral-esque vocal performance. The up-tempo piano track "Flee the Factory" ends in a jazzy interlude that segues into the opening synthesizer riff of "Dead Men Tell No Tales." Brown said that "Dead Men" was written about Potrykus, and that after he left, the band were "all really scared and felta s though we had dropped everything for this and now it was gone." The penultimate track, "Verona," was likened to Thrice, and is followed by the 13-minute closing post-rock track "Epilogue," which features a hidden track.

## Release

The band began 2005 on a US tour with As Tall as Lions and Cartel. *Between the Heart and the Synapse* was released on April 26, 2005, via Triple Crown Records. To promote the album, the band went on a US headlining tour in April and May, including an appearance at the Flipside Festival. This was followed by a three-week stint in May and June with Gatsbys American Dream and the Rocket Summer, and two shows at the Vans Warped Tour. After Warped Tour, the band joined Acceptance, Cartel, and Panic! at the Disco on the Take Cover tour in September and October. In November, they toured with Alexisonfire, and later played a few shows with Saves the Day and Senses Fail.

A music video for "Planning a Prison Break," was posted online on September 20, 2005. This was followed by a video for "This Armistice," which was filmed in February 2006 in Somers, Connecticut. Crescenzo directed the video for "This Armistice," and Brown called his former school principal, who in turn contacted the Recreation Department, to get permission to film in Somers. The video, which debuted on MTV2 and MTVu in April, depicted Adrian Amodeo, the band's manager, walking through a series of doors before passing through the final one, where the band is performing for a crowd of students.

After filming the "This Armistice" video, the band performed on the 2006 Taste of Chaos tour. In March 2006, Bars fell down a flight of stairs, where he suffered a scapular fracture, three fractured ribs, a punctured lung, and damaged vertebrae. In spite of this, the band chose not to cancel their spring headlining tour, with support from A Thorn for Every Heart, As Tall as Lions, the Blackout Pact, Yesterdays Rising, My American Heart, I am the Avalanche, and Hit the Lights. In May 2006, they played at The Bamboozle festival in New Jersey.

On May 21, 2006, Crescenzo left the band, citing "many factors, personal and creative." He was temporarily replaced by a friend, with Brown and Bars handling vocal duties for the remainder of the year. Over the summer, the band supported Boys Night Out on their headlining Canadian tour and Circa Survive on their US headlining tour. Following this, they toured the UK with Fightstar, and performed on the MTV2 Dollar Bill Tour in October and November. Cody Bonnette of As Cities Burn filled Crescenzo's role for three months, and was replaced by Brian Southall of Boys Night Out, formerly the band's touring manager. A music video for "The Evidence" was released on January 22, 2007. *Between the Heart and the Synapse* was released on vinyl in 2010, with a bonus track titled "Weightless Underwater" and new artwork from Matt Adams, who was inspired by the original while he was in college.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| IGN | 7.8/10 |
| *Melodic* |  |
| Punknews.org |  |
| Sputnikmusic | 5/5 |

*Between the Heart and the Synapse* was met with generally favourable reviews from music critics. Sputnikmusic staff member Rowan5215 found it difficult to "nail down just what makes \[it\] such a goddamn great record," and praised the "amazingly co-ordinated and fierce" vocal harmonies, with each member "shining in their respective rights," while still "working as a flawless part of the team." AllMusic reviewer Bret Love wrote that it was "a pretty rare thing" to discover an act with an original sound, while proclaiming the band's genre-bending as "an engaging aural assault that is uniquely their own." He complimented producer Matt Squire for doing an "impressive job of capturing" the guitar work in a "crisp, clean mix that ensures not a single detail goes unnoticed." JR of IGN wrote that the band was "invested with a capacity for intriguing songwriting and an undeniable musicianship ... The music itself defies comprehensive description." He was also astounded by the varying mix of genres, saying that "the sound is too ethereal, too uniquely nuanced."

Some criticism was levied at the album's length. Punknews.org staff member Brian Shultz gave credit to the band's "potential and likewise developing talent," but considered *Between the Heart and the Synapse* "a tad overambitious for a debut," even if the band was able "to keep your attention intact for the disc's duration." Kaj Roth of *Melodic*, meanwhile, decried the album as adding "nothing new to the genre," and declared that "70 minutes is way too long for any emo band."

## Track listing

Track listing per booklet.

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Prologue" | 0:42 |
| 2. | "Planning a Prison Break" | 5:18 |
| 3. | "The Rival Cycle" | 5:30 |
| 4. | "The Evidence" | 4:18 |
| 5. | "The War of All Against All" | 6:26 |
| 6. | "...Then I Defy You, Stars" | 5:06 |
| 7. | "Intermission" | 4:32 |
| 8. | "This Armistice" | 5:55 |
| 9. | "Broadcast Quality" | 4:48 |
| 10. | "Flee the Factory" | 5:20 |
| 11. | "Dead Men Tell No Tales" | 4:11 |
| 12. | "Venona" | 5:33 |
| 13. | "Epilogue" ("Epilogue" ends at minute 3:14. A hidden track begins at minute 10:34.) | 13:10 |
| Total length: | | 70:48 |

Vinyl bonus track
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 14. | "Weightless Underwater" | 4:03 |

## Personnel

Personnel per booklet.

## InfoBox

| Between the Heart and the Synapse | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by The Receiving End of Sirens | |
| Released | April 26, 2005 |
| Recorded | Late 2004 |
| Genre | Post-hardcore, experimental rock |
| Length | 70:48 |
| Label | Triple Crown |
| Producer | Matt Squire, The Receiving End of Sirens |
| The Receiving End of Sirens chronology | |
| *The Receiving End of Sirens*
(2004) ***Between the Heart and the Synapse***
(2005) *The Earth Sings Mi Fa Mi*
(2007) | |


title: Pustelnia, Greater Poland Voivodeship

abstract: Pustelnia is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Wronki, within Szamotuły County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

text:
# Pustelnia, Greater Poland Voivodeship

**Pustelnia** \[pusˈtɛlɲa\] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Wronki, within Szamotuły County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

## InfoBox

| Pustelnia | |
| --- | --- |
| Settlement | |
| Pustelnia | |
| Coordinates: 52°41′51″N 16°09′40″E / 52.69750°N 16.16111°E / 52.69750; 16.16111 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Szamotuły |
| Gmina | Wronki |
| Population | 4 |


title: Khojak Pass

abstract:
Khojak Pass is a mountain pass connecting Qila Abdullah with Chaman in the province of Baluchistan, Pakistan. The road through the Toba Achakzai range connects the larger cities of Quetta, Pakistan, and Kandahar, Afghanistan.
  - Khojak railroad tunnel 3.9 kilometres (2.4 mi) long; pictured on the old five rupees note.
  - Small forts defend the pass on each hill top.
  - "Historically, the Achakzai, across the Khojak Mountains, have controlled the smuggling routes around the Khojak Pass, one of the two major mountain passes that connect the Middle East with the Indian subcontinent, the other being the more famous" Khyber Pass.

text:
# Khojak Pass

| External image | |
| --- | --- |
| Photo at Flickr | |

**Khojak Pass** (el. 7,513 ft \[2,290 m\]) is a mountain pass connecting Qila Abdullah with Chaman in the province of Baluchistan, Pakistan. The road through the Toba Achakzai range connects the larger cities of Quetta, Pakistan, and Kandahar, Afghanistan.

* Small forts defend the pass on each hill top.
* "Historically, the Achakzai, across the Khojak Mountains, have controlled the smuggling routes around the Khojak Pass, one of the two major mountain passes that connect the Middle East with the Indian subcontinent, the other being the more famous" Khyber Pass.

* *Encyclopedia of Pakistan* by Zahid Hussain Anjum. Jahangir Book Depot, Pakistan (2005–06)

## InfoBox

| Khojak Pass | |
| --- | --- |
| Kojack Pass | |
| Elevation | 2,290 m (7,513 ft) |
| Traversed by | N-25 National Highway Rohri–Chaman Railway Line |
| Location | Pakistan |
| Range | Toba Achakzai |
| Coordinates | 30°50′8.68″N 66°34′53.42″E / 30.8357444°N 66.5815056°E / 30.8357444; 66.5815056 |


title: Kevin Rose (footballer, born 1960)

abstract: Kevin Rose is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Hereford United, Bolton Wanderers, Carlisle United and Rochdale as a goalkeeper. He holds the record of most consecutive appearances for Hereford United. He started his career at hometown club Evesham United before moving to Worcester City. A loss of form and confidence saw Rose lose his place in the Worcester goal and his contract with them was cancelled by mutual consent in February 1979. The following month, Rose signed for Ledbury Town in the process becoming the club's first contracted player. His performances for Ledbury attracted the attention of several league clubs and shortly into the 1979–80 season, he was signed by Lincoln City for £10,000. Ledbury used the fee to erect floodlights at their New Street ground and Rose and Lincoln returned on 12 November 1979 to defeat Ledbury Town 4–1 in the inaugural match under the lights. Rose failed to make the first team at Lincoln City and in September 1980 his contract was cancelled. After a second spell at Ledbury, and having a potential move to Worcester City rejected, he signed for Hereford United in January 1983. He was first choice keeper at Edgar Street, making 253 consecutive appearances in the mid-1980s although Hereford enjoyed little success in the Fourth Division. In 1989, he joined Bolton Wanderers but only played 10 league matches in two seasons, and was loaned to Carlisle United and Rochdale. He joined the latter in 1991, and had a goal incorrectly disallowed in a match against Bury. He came up for a corner and his header crossed the line by a couple of yards. Not that it matter as Rochdale scored seconds later with Rose providing the assist. He finished his career at Kidderminster Harriers and also played for the England semi-professional team.

text:
# Kevin Rose (footballer, born 1960)

**Kevin Rose** (born 23 November 1960) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Hereford United, Bolton Wanderers, Carlisle United and Rochdale as a goalkeeper. He holds the record of most consecutive appearances for Hereford United.

He started his career at hometown club Evesham United before moving to Worcester City. A loss of form and confidence saw Rose lose his place in the Worcester goal and his contract with them was cancelled by mutual consent in February 1979. The following month, Rose signed for Ledbury Town in the process becoming the club's first contracted player. His performances for Ledbury attracted the attention of several league clubs and shortly into the 1979–80 season, he was signed by Lincoln City for £10,000. Ledbury used the fee to erect floodlights at their New Street ground and Rose and Lincoln returned on 12 November 1979 to defeat Ledbury Town 4–1 in the inaugural match under the lights.

Rose failed to make the first team at Lincoln City and in September 1980 his contract was cancelled. After a second spell at Ledbury, and having a potential move to Worcester City rejected, he signed for Hereford United in January 1983. He was first choice keeper at Edgar Street, making 253 consecutive appearances in the mid-1980s although Hereford enjoyed little success in the Fourth Division.

In 1989, he joined Bolton Wanderers but only played 10 league matches in two seasons, and was loaned to Carlisle United and Rochdale. He joined the latter in 1991, and had a goal incorrectly disallowed in a match against Bury. He came up for a corner and his header crossed the line by a couple of yards. Not that it matter as Rochdale scored seconds later with Rose providing the assist.

He finished his career at Kidderminster Harriers and also played for the England semi-professional team.

## InfoBox

Kevin Rose
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Kevin Philip Rose | | |
| Date of birth | (1960-11-23) 23 November 1960 | | |
| Place of birth | Evesham, England | | |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Evesham United |  |  |
| –1979 | Worcester City |  |  |
| 1978–1980 | Ledbury Town |  |  |
| 1979–1980 | Lincoln City | 0 | (0) |
| 1980–1983 | Ledbury Town |  |  |
| 1983–1989 | Hereford United | 268 | (0) |
| 1989–1991 | Bolton Wanderers | 10 | (0) |
| 1989 | Halifax Town (loan) | 0 | (0) |
| 1990 | Carlisle United (loan) | 11 | (0) |
| 1991 | Rochdale (loan) | 3 | (0) |
| 1991–1993 | Rochdale | 68 | (0) |
| 1993–1997 | Kidderminster Harriers | 75 | (0) |
| 1996–1997 | Redditch United (loan) |  |  |
| Total |  | **435** | **(0)** |
| International career | | | |
| 1993–1994 | England National Game XI | 2 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Friedrich Salomon Krauss

abstract: Friedrich Salomon Krauss was a Croatian-Austrian Jewish sexologist, ethnographer, folklorist, and Slavist.

text:
# Friedrich Salomon Krauss

**Friedrich Salomon Krauss** (7 October 1859  29 May 1938) was a Croatian-Austrian Jewish sexologist, ethnographer, folklorist, and Slavist.

## Early life

Krauss was born in Požega, Croatia, at the time Kingdom of Hungary. In 1877–78, he attended the University of Vienna.

## Career

One of his first publications was a translation of Artemidoros' of Daldis *Interpretation of Dreams,* which was cited in Sigmund Freud's book *The Interpretation of Dreams*. He began his career as a folklorist and ethnologist.

In 1884–85, Krauss received funding from the Crown Prince Rudolf to gather folklore and ballads of the Guslar singers in Bosnia, Croatia and Herzegovina. As a result of this field research, he published a two-volume collection of fairytales, *Sagen und Märchen der Südslaven*.

Perhaps his most famous work was the *Anthropophytia* (1904–1913), a scholarly yearbook which published folklore of erotic and sexual content. In alliance with the growing psychoanalytic movement, Krauss and his colleagues felt that sexual folklore, which was generally purged from all published collections by scholars, could provide valuable information about a culture and society. He was a correspondent of Freud and used the term paraphilia to describe certain deviant sexual practices.

His research in the field of sexuality led to some conflict. In 1913 *Anthropophytia* was banned and Krauss was brought to trial in Berlin as a pornographer. He was convicted, which caused him a large financial loss and hurt his reputation.

Krauss lived and worked as a writer, private scholar, and translator in Vienna, Austria. His translations include *Scatalogic Rites of All Nations* by John Gregory Bourke. He was an elected International Member of the American Philosophical Society. He died in Vienna.

## Bibliography

* Raymond L. Burt: *F. S. Krauss (1859–1938): Selbstzeugnisse und Materialien zur Bibliographie des Volkskundlers, Literaten und Sexualforschers* (1990) ISBN 3-7001-1693-4
* Peter Horwath & Miroljub Jokovic: "Friedrich Salomo Krauss (1859–1938)" (Novi Sad 1992) ISBN 86-901345-2-2
* Krauss, Friedrich Salomo: "Volkserzählungen der Südslaven: Märchen und Sagen, Schwänke, Schnurren und erbauliche Geschichten" Burt, Raymond L. (Hrsg.); Puchner, Walter (Hrsg.) Wien 2002 ISBN 3-205-99457-4
* Wolfgang Jacobeit u.a. (Hg.): *Völkische Wissenschaft. Gestalten und Tendenzen der deutschen und österreichischen Volkskunde in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts.* (Wien 1984)


title: Friedrich Salomon Hall

abstract: Friedrich Salomon Hall (1879–1964) was a German citizen with connections to Ethiopia. His parents lived in Ethiopia and served its emperor until they fell out of favour and moved to the Middle East after being rescued by the 1868 British Expedition to Abyssinia. Hall, born in the Middle East, moved to Ethiopia to join his mother who had returned there to serve the Royal Court. He became a hotel proprietor and tutor to Emperor Lij Iyassu. Hall afterwards left to act as an assistant to Julius Löytved-Hardegg, a German consul to the Ottoman Empire. During the early part of World War I Hall attempted to return to Ethiopia to negotiate with Lij Iyassu for Ethiopia's entry into the war. The espionage mission was disguised as the Seventh German Inner Africa Research Expedition but was detected by Italian authorities en-route and the participants returned home. Hall blamed the expedition leader Leo Frobenius for its failure. Hall attempted a second mission to carry messages to the German legation at Addis Ababa in June 1915 but was captured by the Italians and imprisoned for the remainder of the war.

text:
# Friedrich Salomon Hall

**Friedrich Salomon Hall** (1879–1964) was a German citizen with connections to Ethiopia. His parents lived in Ethiopia and served its emperor until they fell out of favour and moved to the Middle East after being rescued by the 1868 British Expedition to Abyssinia. Hall, born in the Middle East, moved to Ethiopia to join his mother who had returned there to serve the Royal Court. He became a hotel proprietor and tutor to Emperor Lij Iyassu. Hall afterwards left to act as an assistant to Julius Löytved-Hardegg, a German consul to the Ottoman Empire. During the early part of World War I Hall attempted to return to Ethiopia to negotiate with Lij Iyassu for Ethiopia's entry into the war. The espionage mission was disguised as the Seventh German Inner Africa Research Expedition but was detected by Italian authorities en-route and the participants returned home. Hall blamed the expedition leader Leo Frobenius for its failure. Hall attempted a second mission to carry messages to the German legation at Addis Ababa in June 1915 but was captured by the Italians and imprisoned for the remainder of the war.

## Early life

Friedrich Salomon Hall's parents were Moritz and Katarina Hall. Moritz was born in Cracow in partitioned Poland and Katarina was born in Ethiopia to an Ethiopian mother and a German father. The couple met while Moritz was in Ethiopia as a missionary; he later produced cannon for the Ethiopian Emperor Tewodros II. He fell out of favour, was imprisoned by Tewodros and rescued by the 1868 British Expedition to Abyssinia. Friedrich was born in 1879, after his parents left Ethiopia and settled in the Middle East, and was the seventh of thirteen children. The family had moved to Jaffa in the Holy Land, which was then part of the Ottoman Empire.

Katarina Hall returned to Addis Ababa in 1902 and became a close confident of the Royal court. Friedrich joined Katarina in Ethiopia in 1906 and worked on a scheme to bring German settlers to the country. He founded and ran the Imperial Hotel in Addis Ababa, the first modern hotel in the Ethiopian capital. The Imperial had only basic amenities but these were said to be made up for by its excellent views. Friedrich Hall served as a tutor to Ethiopian emperor Lij Iyassu before returning to the Ottoman Empire. He served in the employ of Haifa's German consul Julius Löytved-Hardegg for which he received 800 German gold marks per month, remitting 200 marks to his wife who was then in Lausanne, Switzerland.

## Seventh German Inner Africa Research Expedition

Hall was a participant on the October 1914 to March 1915 Seventh German Inner Africa Research Expedition, a German World War I military espionage mission disguised as a scientific expedition. The expedition was commanded by German ethnologist Leo Frobenius and had the objectives of restoring communication with the German legation in Ethiopia; persuading Ethiopian emperor Lij Iyasu to support the Central Powers and instigating revolt in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Hall had been preparing his own mission to Ethiopia but, at the suggestion of Löytved-Hardegg, his mission was subsumed into the Frobenius expedition. Löytved-Hardegg did not believe Hall was sufficiently qualified to lead an independent mission but believed his knowledge of the region would be beneficial to Frobenius, who had led previous expeditions to African but never to Ethiopia. By another account Hall was attached to the expedition at the insistence of the Ottoman Empire, Germany's allies in the war; indeed the expedition records list him as an Ottoman subject, though he held German citizenship.

Hall served as interpreter for the expedition and would have led negotiations with Lij Iyasu in Ethiopia. However the expedition never reached the country; it was discovered by the Italian authorities in Eritrea and the members escorted back to their home nations. Hall had disagreed frequently with Frobenius over his conduct of the expedition and blamed him for its failure. Hall claimed Frobenius blew his cover (he travelled disguised as an Arab) by insisting on accompanying him with the entire expedition, whereas Hall claimed the agreement was that he would proceed alone to Ethiopia. Hall formally complained about Frobenius to Löytved-Hardegg upon his return to Jaffa on 2 April. Hall was granted 653.90 marks as compensation for his participation in the expedition.

## Later career

Hall carried out a follow-up expedition to Ethiopia in June 1915, acting as a courier to deliver correspondence with the German legation in Addis Ababa. Italy had entered the war in May 1915 by attacking Germany's ally Austria-Hungary, though they remained neutral with Germany until August 1916. Hall, again travelling disguised as an Arab, had roused the suspicions of an Italian policeman by the corns on his feet, which showed that he normally wore European shoes, rather than Arab sandals. He was arrested after he used the German exclamation "*hoppla*!" when he tripped over, though he managed to destroy the secret correspondence before his capture. Hall spent the remainder of the war in Italian custody and through this period the German legation remained out of communication with the government in Berlin.

Hall died in 1964.

## InfoBox

| Friedrich Salomon Hall | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1879 |
| Died | 1964(1964-00-00) (aged 84–85) |
| Nationality | German |
| Occupation(s) | Hotel proprietor, tutor and espionage agent |
| Known for | Participation in the Seventh German Inner Africa Research Expedition |


title: Fresles

abstract: Fresles is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.

text:
# Fresles

**Fresles** (French pronunciation: \[fʁɛl\]) is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.

## Geography

A small farming village situated in the Pays de Bray, some 22 miles (35 km) southeast of Dieppe, at the junction of the D97 and the D114 roads.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 186 |  |
| 1975 | 173 | −1.03% |
| 1982 | 151 | −1.92% |
| 1990 | 166 | +1.19% |
| 1999 | 147 | −1.34% |
| 2007 | 213 | +4.74% |
| 2012 | 238 | +2.24% |
| 2017 | 236 | −0.17% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## Places of interest

* The thirteenth century church of Notre-Dame.

## InfoBox

| Fresles | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Location of Fresles | |
| FreslesFresles | |
| Coordinates: 49°44′39″N 1°20′56″E / 49.7442°N 1.3489°E / 49.7442; 1.3489 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Normandy |
| Department | Seine-Maritime |
| Arrondissement | Dieppe |
| Canton | Neufchâtel-en-Bray |
| Intercommunality | CC Bray-Eawy |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Patrick Lévêque |
| Area**1** | 10.96 km2 (4.23 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 237 |
| Density | 22/km2 (56/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 76283 /76270 |
| Elevation | 66–220 m (217–722 ft)
(avg. 119 m or 390 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Khare, Nepal

abstract: Khare is a village development committee in Dolakha District in the Janakpur Zone of north-eastern Nepal. The village has 19 Wards, which are the functional unit of the village development committee. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1,887 people living in 387 individual households.

text:
# Khare, Nepal

**Khare**  is a village development committee in Dolakha District in the Janakpur Zone of north-eastern Nepal. The village has 19 Wards, which are the functional unit of the village development committee. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1,887 people living in 387 individual households.

1. Hillary, Step Treks. "Khare". *Khare*.
2. "Nepal Census 2001", *Nepal's Village Development Committees*, Digital Himalaya, archived from the original on 12 October 2008, retrieved 15 November 2009.

## InfoBox

| Khare, Nepal खरे | |
| --- | --- |
| Village development committee | |
| Khare, NepalLocation in Nepal | |
| Coordinates: 27°50′N 86°18′E / 27.83°N 86.30°E / 27.83; 86.30 | |
| Country | Nepal |
| Zone | Janakpur Zone |
| District | Dolakha District |
| Population (1991) | |
| Total | 1,887 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:45 (Nepal Time) |


title: Fu Song'e

abstract: Fu Song'e was a consort of Murong Xi, emperor of the Xianbei-led Chinese Later Yan dynasty. She was posthumously honored as Empress Min (愍皇后). She was the older sister of Murong Xi's empress Fu Xunying.

text:
# Fu Song'e

**Fu Song'e** (苻娀娥, died September 404) was a consort of Murong Xi (Emperor Zhaowen), emperor of the Xianbei-led Chinese Later Yan dynasty. She was posthumously honored as **Empress Min** (愍皇后).

She was the older sister of Murong Xi's empress Fu Xunying.

## Early life

Fu Song'e was the oldest daughter of Fu Mo (苻謨), the mayor of Later Yan's capital Zhongshan (中山, in modern Baoding, Hebei) in the 390s. Shortly after the Later Yan emperor Murong Bao (Emperor Huimin) abandoned Zhongshan in face of Northern Wei military attacks, Fu Mo was killed by Murong Xiang (慕容詳) the Duke of Kaifeng, who wanted to be emperor himself. His family was also slaughtered. Somehow, however, Fu Song'e and her younger sister Fu Xunying were not killed—perhaps they escaped the slaughter, or perhaps they were not in Zhongshan at that point.

## As Murong Xi's consort

After Murong Xi became emperor in 401, he took Fu Song'e and Fu Xunying as imperial consorts in late 401 and greatly favored them. Both of them were described as beautiful and charming. Murong Xi was said to have granted every wish from the sisters, and providing them with so much luxury that his small empire's resources were highly drained. Fu Song'e liked to travel as a commoner and throw banquets, and Murong Xi permitted her this indulgence. He also ordered the construction of Quguang Hai (曲光海; "Bent-Light Sea") and Qingliang Chi (清涼池; "Cool Pond") specifically for her. During the hot summer, half of the laborers and soldiers in the construction work died from the heat.

Murong Xi however preferred the younger sister Fu Xunying, whom he made the empress in January 404.

## Death

In September 404, when Fu Song'e was taken ill, a man named Wang Rong (王榮) in the capital Longcheng (龍城, in modern Chaoyang, Liaoning) volunteered to treat her and promised cure. However, Fu Song'e died soon after, and Murong Xi was so enraged that he had Wang Rong dismembered and his corpse burned in public.

* Cui Hong (c. 500s). *Shiliuguo Chunqiu* (十六國春秋) \[*Spring and Autumn Annals of the Sixteen Kingdoms*\] (in Chinese).
* (in Chinese) Sima Guang (1086). *Zizhi Tongjian* (資治通鑑) \[Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government\].


title: Fu Shou

abstract: Fu Shou was an empress of the Eastern Han dynasty of China. She was the first wife of Emperor Xian, the last Han emperor. She is best known for initiating a conspiracy against Cao Cao, the ruler of state of Cao Wei. Empress Fu Shou is praised in the traditional point of view as one of the last defenders of the failed Han dynasty, alongside Lady Dong and Empress Xianmu in contrast to Emperor Xian's negligence.

text:
# Fu Shou

**Fu Shou** (died 8 January 215) was an empress of the Eastern Han dynasty of China. She was the first wife of Emperor Xian, the last Han emperor. She is best known for initiating a conspiracy against Cao Cao, the ruler of state of Cao Wei.

Empress Fu Shou is praised in the traditional point of view as one of the last defenders of the failed Han dynasty, alongside Lady Dong and Empress Xianmu in contrast to Emperor Xian's negligence.

## Family background and marriage to Emperor Xian

Fu Shou's father was Fu Wan (伏完), a seventh generation descendant of the early Eastern Han official Fu Zhan (伏湛) and the hereditary Marquis of Buqi (不其侯). Fu Wan's wife was Princess Yang'an (陽安公主), a daughter of Emperor Huan, but she was not Fu Shou's biological mother as Fu Shou's mother was named Ying (). Fu Wan also had a wife with the family name Fan (), but it is not clear whether she was Ying. The Fu family descended from the prominent Confucian scholar Fu Sheng.

In 190, as Emperor Xian was being forced by Dong Zhuo to move the capital west to Chang'an, Lady Fu became an imperial consort. On 20 May 195, while Emperor Xian was largely under the control of Dong Zhuo's subordinates Li Jue and Guo Si, he designated Fu Shou as his empress consort.

## As empress

As Emperor Xian continued his reign of being constantly under the control of one warlord or another, he and Empress Fu were apparently in a loving relationship, but both saw their power increasingly becoming minimal. Later in 195, during Emperor Xian's flight back to the old capital Luoyang, Empress Fu was carrying silk, which were seized by soldiers ostensibly protecting her – such that even her own personal bodyguards were killed, and their blood spilled on her. When they returned to Luoyang, the imperial court was poorly supplied and while there is no record indicating that Empress Fu personally was under threat of starvation, a number of imperial officials died of hunger or were killed by robbers. Materially, the imperial court became much better supplied once the warlord Cao Cao arrived in 196 and took Emperor Xian and the imperial court under control. Cao Cao relocated the imperial capital to his headquarters in Xu County (present-day Xuchang, Henan).

Empress Fu was apparently not happy about Cao Cao's domination over the imperial court and central government. In February 200, Emperor Xian's concubine, Consort Dong, was forcibly executed by Cao Cao against the emperor's wishes after her father Dong Cheng was found guilty of masterminding a conspiracy to assassinate Cao Cao. After Consort Dong's death, Empress Fu became angry and fearful, so she wrote her father Fu Wan a letter accusing Cao Cao of cruelty and implicitly asking him to come up with a plan to eliminate Cao Cao. Fu Wan was fearful and did not act on the letter, but Empress Fu's letter was discovered in late 214. Cao Cao was so angry that he forced Emperor Xian to depose Empress Fu. When Emperor Xian was reluctant to do so, Cao Cao sent Hua Xin and close aides into the imperial palace to capture the empress. Empress Fu tried to hide behind a wall, but Cao Cao's men found her and dragged her out. As she was being taken away, she cried out to Emperor Xian to save her, but his only response was that he had no idea what would happen to him. She was incarcerated and killed along with her two sons (Liu Feng had predeceased his mother on 9 August 200) and more than 100 members of the Fu clan, with her mother Lady Ying and 18 others exiled.

## Anecdotes

According to "Chronicles of the Emperor Xian," after Fu Wan had written a letter, he entrusted it to Xun Yu and his brother-in-law Fan Pu. Fan Pu presented it to Cao Cao, which raised concerns for Xun Yu, fearing that it might bring trouble to himself. Xun Yu advised Cao Cao to marry his daughter to Emperor Xian. During the discussion between Cao Cao and Xun Yu on this matter, Xun Yu mentioned, "Empress Fu has no child." However, Pei Songzhi, when writing annotations, questioned the logic of Xun Yu's statement in this account. Due to the credibility issues with this entire passage, it is uncertain whether Empress Fu indeed had two children who were poisoned, and the birth dates of these two children may not necessarily be after Fu Wan's conspiracy.

## Appraisal

Republic of China historian Lü Simian (吕思勉) had a different perspective on the case of Empress Fu's execution. He believed that given Cao Cao's status and temperament, he wouldn't simply harm Empress Fu because of a disrespectful letter she sent to her father. Furthermore, Emperor Xian would not have transferred his anger to Cao Cao just because of Dong Cheng's assassination (Dong Cheng himself wasn't a trustworthy loyalist). Lu Simian thought that there must have been "another reason" behind this case, something significant and not suitable for inclusion in official history records. He speculated that Empress Fu had a comprehensive political plan that was crucial to the overall situation, and therefore, Cao Cao had no choice but to take action.

### Citations

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Fu Shou
伏壽 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Empress consort of the Han dynasty | |
| Tenure | 20 May 195 – 8 January 215 |
| Predecessor | Empress Lingsi |
| Successor | Empress Xianmu |
|  | |
| Born | Unknown |
| Died | 8 Jan 215 |
| Spouse | Emperor Xian |
| Issue | Liu Feng, Prince of Nanyang
*two other sons* |
| Father | Fu Wan, Marquis of Buqi |
| Mother | Ying |


title: 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature

abstract: The 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the South African novelist John Maxwell Coetzee, better known simply as J. M. Coetzee, "who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider." He is the fourth African writer to be so honoured and the second South African after Nadine Gordimer in 1991.

text:
# 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature

The **2003 Nobel Prize in Literature** was awarded to the South African novelist John Maxwell Coetzee (born 1940), better known simply as J. M. Coetzee, "who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider." He is the fourth African writer to be so honoured and the second South African after Nadine Gordimer in 1991.

## Laureate

J. M. Coetzee's prose is rigorous and analytical, spanning through different genres from autobiographical novels to short fiction, essays to translations. He made his debut in 1974 with the novel *Dusklands*, but his international breakthrough came a few years later with *Waiting for the Barbarians* in 1980. A recurring theme in his novels is a crucial situation, where right and wrong are put to the test and where people's weaknesses and defeat become fundamental to the story's development. His other novels include *Life & Times of Michael K* (1983), *Disgrace* (1999), and his "Jesus" Trilogy: *The Childhood of Jesus* (2013), *The Schooldays of Jesus*, and *The Death of Jesus* (2019).

## Nobel lecture

J. M. Coetzee delivered his Nobel Lecture entitled *He and His Man* at the Swedish Academy on December 7, 2003. His lecture features the characters of Robinson Crusoe and Daniel Defoe that borrows extensively from Defoe's *A Journal of the Plague Year* (1722) and *A Tour thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain* (1724-26) where he whimsically explores several concerns of central importance for the activities of reading and writing, most notably the seemingly unavoidable phenomenon of displacement or substitution that is best characterized as catachresis.

## InfoBox

| 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature | |
| --- | --- |
| **John Maxwell Coetzee** | |
| ***"who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider."*** | |
| Date | * 2 October 2003 (2003-10-02) (announcement) * 10 December 2003 <br>(ceremony) |
| Location | Stockholm, Sweden |
| Presented by | Swedish Academy |
| First awarded | 1901 |
| Website | Official website |
|


title: Ruth (album)

abstract: Ruth is the second studio album by American indie folk group Nana Grizol. It was released by Orange Twin on January 10, 2010.

text:
# Ruth (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| PinPointMusic | 3.7/5.0 |
| PopMatters |  |

***Ruth*** is the second studio album by American indie folk group Nana Grizol. It was released by Orange Twin on January 10, 2010.

## Track listing

All music is composed by Nana Grizol

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Cynicism" | 2:28 |
| 2. | "Galaxies" | 2:55 |
| 3. | "Blackbox" | 3:47 |
| 4. | "Atoms" | 2:44 |
| 5. | "Gave On" | 1:26 |
| 6. | "Grady And Dubose" | 1:56 |
| 7. | "From Here" | 3:01 |
| 8. | "Alice And Gertrude" | 3:28 |
| 9. | "Arthur Hall" | 2:19 |
| 10. | "For Things That Haven't Come Yet" | 4:11 |
| 11. | "Sands" | 4:51 |
| Total length: | | 33:06 |

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Ruth | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Nana Grizol | |
| Released | January 10, 2010 |
| Recorded | 2009 |
| Genre | Indie pop |
| Length | 33:06 |
| Label | Orange Twin |
| Nana Grizol chronology | |
| *Love It Love It*
(2008) ***Ruth***
(2010) *Tacoma Center 1600 + Nightlights I-III*
(2014) | |


title: Ruth (novel)

abstract: Ruth is a novel by English author Elizabeth Gaskell, first published in three volumes in 1853.

text:
# Ruth (novel)

***Ruth*** is a novel by English author Elizabeth Gaskell, first published in three volumes in 1853.

## Plot

Ruth is a young orphan girl working in a respectable sweatshop for the overworked Mrs Mason. She is selected to go to a ball to repair torn dresses. At the ball she meets the aristocratic Henry Bellingham, a rake figure who is instantly attracted to her. They meet again by chance and form a secret friendship; on an outing together they are spotted by Mrs Mason who, fearing for her shop's reputation, dismisses Ruth.

Alone in the world, Ruth is whisked away by Bellingham to London where it is implied she becomes a *fallen woman*. They go on holiday to Wales together and there on a country walk Ruth meets the disabled and kind Mr Benson. Bellingham falls sick with fever and the hotel calls for his mother who arrives and is disgusted by her son's having lived in sin with Ruth. Bellingham is persuaded by his mother to abandon Ruth in Wales, leaving her some money.

A distraught Ruth attempts suicide but is spotted by Mr Benson who helps comfort her. When he learns of her past and that she is alone he brings her back to his home town, where he is a Dissenting minister, to stay with him and his formidable but kind sister Faith. When they learn that Ruth is pregnant they decide to lie to the town and claim that she is a widow called Mrs Denbigh, to protect her from a society which would otherwise shun her.

Ruth has her baby, whom she names Leonard. She is transformed into a Madonna type figure, calm and innocent once more. The rich local businessman Mr Bradshaw admires Ruth and employs her as a governess for his children, including his eldest daughter Jemima who is in awe of the beautiful Ruth.

Ruth goes away with the Bradshaws to a seaside house while one of Mr Bradshaw's children is convalescing from a long illness. Mr Bradshaw brings Mr Donne, a man whom he is sponsoring to become their local MP, to the seaside to impress him. Ruth recognises Mr Donne as actually being Mr Bellingham and the two have a confrontation on the beach. Bellingham offers to marry Ruth as he claims he still loves her and for the sake of their child, Ruth rejects him saying she will not let Leonard come in contact with a man like him.

From local gossip Jemima discovers about Ruth's past, though she is still unaware that it was Mr Donne who is Leonard's father. Jemima is headstrong and already jealous that her suitor Mr Farquhar, her father's business partner, seems to admire Ruth over her. The truth is Mr Farquhar is put off by Jemima's erratic behaviour, caused by her father's good intentioned interference. Jemima however decides to keep quiet over Ruth's past as she realises that she comes from a more privileged background and the same could well have happened to her, had she been in Ruth's situation.

Mr Bradshaw discovers also from local gossip however that Ruth is a fallen woman and despite Jemima's passionate defence of Ruth she is thrown out of the house and sacked. Ruth goes home and has to reveal to Leonard that he is in fact illegitimate; he is devastated and ashamed by the news. Mr Bradshaw also goes to his old friend Mr Benson and argues with him as he allowed the lie to be told and for Ruth to enter not only his but also Mr Bradshaw's house.

Jemima and Mr Farquhar marry and have their own child and form a good friendship with Ruth and Leonard but they are still on the outskirts of society. Ruth goes among the poor to work as a nurse to the sick and gains a good reputation there, making Leonard proud of his mother once more and restoring their relationship. Mr Bradshaw's son is found to have been embezzling the company's funds and his father disowns him. However, when his son is later involved in an accident, Mr Bradshaw is distraught and realises that his morals had been perhaps too heavy-handed in the past. His son recovers and Mr Bradshaw starts to rethink his life.

Ruth has to give up her work as there is a catching fever in the environment. A local doctor offers to sponsor Leonard's studies at a good school and the Farquhars offer to go away on holiday with Ruth and Leonard. However before Ruth has made a decision she hears that Mr Donne is very sick; she confides in the doctor the truth about who Mr Donne really is, and goes to him. He is delirious with fever and does not recognise her but she nurses him back to health.

Ruth however falls sick and dies from the illness. At the funeral many of the poor that Ruth had looked after praise her, and the chapel is full of people that loved Ruth, despite her being a fallen woman. Mr Donne comes to Mr Benson's house and sees Ruth dead, he is momentarily sad and offers money to Mr Benson who realises who he must be and throws him out of the house.

The novel ends with Mr Bradshaw finding a weeping Leonard at his mother's grave, whom he leads home to Mr Benson, and reforming his friendship with Mr Benson realising that as a member of the society that ostracised Ruth, he is also responsible for her death.

## Theme

The book is a social novel, dealing with Victorian views about sin and illegitimacy. It is a surprisingly compassionate portrayal of a 'fallen woman', a type of person normally outcast from respectable society. It examines the social stigma of illegitimacy. Ruth goes on to gain a respectable position in society as a governess, and the novel looks at whether the sinful can be reintegrated into society.

## Characters

* Ruth Hilton – The titular heroine. Later referred to as Mrs Denbigh.
* Henry Bellingham – Ruth's lover. Changes his name to Mr Donne.
* Leonard – Ruth's illegitimate son.
* Mr Benson – Minister who takes in Ruth.
* Miss Benson – Sister of Mr Benson.
* Mr Bradshaw – Ruth's employer. Local businessman.
* Jemima Bradshaw – Friend of Ruth's. Daughter of Mr Bradshaw.
* Mr Farquhar – Business partner of Mr Bradshaw. Later Jemima's husband.

## Literary Significance and reception

*Ruth* received a mixed critical reception. As a work that dealt frankly with seduction and illegitimacy, it inevitably attracted controversy: Gaskell reported that it was a "prohibited book" in her own household, that friends expressed "deep regret" at its publication, and that two acquaintances burnt their copies. On the other hand, some reviewers complained that Gaskell painted Ruth as too passive a victim of Bellingham's advances, eluding the question of Ruth's own sexual feelings. Gaskell loaded the story down with so many extenuating circumstances that Ruth scarcely seemed a representative example of a "fallen woman."

*Ruth* is one of several 19th-century British and American novels that cast a "fallen woman" with an illegitimate child in the role of heroine. It may be compared to Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel *The Scarlet Letter* (1850), published just a few years earlier, and in many respects it anticipates Thomas Hardy's novel *Tess of the d'Urbervilles* (1891). Ruth, like Tess, is a working-class girl who is distinguished from her peers by both unusual sensitivity and sexual ignorance. But Gaskell's treatment of her heroine differs somewhat from Hardy's in that she emphasises Ruth's guilt, regret, and struggle to expiate her sin, while Hardy is less inclined to view Tess as a sinner.

## InfoBox

Ruth
| Title page of the first edition, 1853 | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Elizabeth Gaskell |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Social novel |
| Published | 1853 |
| Publisher | Chapman and Hall |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print (hardback & paperback) |


title: Friday to Sunday

abstract: "Friday to Sunday" is a song by Australian group Justice Crew. It was released digitally on 17 December 2010, as the follow-up to their debut single, "And Then We Dance". The song was written by Erika Nuri, Greg Ogan and Shridhar Solanki. It peaked at number 18 on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified double platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). An accompanying music video for the song was directed by Alex Goddard and features Justice Crew at a party.

text:
# Friday to Sunday

"**Friday to Sunday**" is a song by Australian group Justice Crew. It was released digitally on 17 December 2010, as the follow-up to their debut single, "And Then We Dance". The song was written by Erika Nuri, Greg Ogan and Shridhar Solanki. It peaked at number 18 on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified double platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). An accompanying music video for the song was directed by Alex Goddard and features Justice Crew at a party.

## Background and release

"Friday to Sunday" was written by Erika Nuri, Greg Ogan and Shridhar Solanki. Nuri and Ogan are mostly known for their work with the songwriting team, The Writing Camp, who have previously written, arranged and produced tracks for Jason Derülo, Kelly Clarkson, Rihanna, Flo Rida, Britney Spears, Leona Lewis and Sean Kingston. Emmanuel Rodriguez of Justice Crew said: "The first time we heard the track, it instantly connected with the crew. The song is all about spending time with your friends, going out and enjoying the weekend – and that's exactly what we like to do when we're not working." "Friday to Sunday" was sent to Australian contemporary hit radio on 6 December 2010, and became the fifth most added song to Australian radio a week later. The song was released digitally on 17 December 2010.

## Chart performance

On 26 December 2010, "Friday to Sunday" debuted at number 31 on the ARIA Singles Chart, where it remained for two consecutive weeks. It peaked at number 18 on 16 January 2011. "Friday to Sunday" was certified double platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), for selling 140,000 digital copies.

## Music video

The music video for the song was directed by Alex Goddard and premiered online on 22 December 2010. The video begins where "And Then We Dance" left off, showing Justice Crew leaving the underground parking lot. As the other six members leave, Samson, Lukas and Omar stop to discuss plans about a party for the night. After they decided that it would start at ten o'clock, Justice Crew spread the news about the party, by calling and texting everyone they know. As John and Lenny sing the first verse, Justice Crew appear in a three-by-three grid, similar to the opening title sequence in *The Brady Bunch*, with each member except Emmanuel who is asleep, looking at themselves in the mirror. They later arrive at the party except for Emmanuel, and begin their first dance sequence on a black and white floor tile. Emmanuel wakes up and realises he's late for the party and tries to arrive there as fast as he can. While Solo sings the chorus, Justice Crew each appear to be doing different types of break dancing techniques in the centre of a circle full of people. Emmanuel then arrives to the party and the group do their final dance sequence together.

## Track listing

* Digital download

1. "Friday to Sunday" - 3:12

## Charts and certification

## InfoBox

| "Friday to Sunday" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Justice Crew | |
| Released | 17 December 2010 (2010-12-17) |
| Recorded | 2010 |
| Genre | Electropop |
| Length | 3:12 |
| Label | Sony Music |
| Songwriter(s) | Erika Nuri, Greg Ogan, Shridhar Solanki |
| Justice Crew singles chronology | |
| "And Then We Dance"
(2010) "**Friday to Sunday**"
(2010) "Dance With Me"
(2011) | |


title: Rungsted Kyst railway station

abstract: Rungsted Kyst station is a railway station serving the suburb of Rungsted on the coast of North Zealand north of Copenhagen, Denmark. The station is located on the Coast Line between Helsingør and Copenhagen. The train services are currently operated by Danish State Railways (DSB). Rungsted Kyst is famous due to a range of Danish celebrity who grew up in the area including Simon Spies, wealthy eccentric and airline director, and Karen Blixen, world-famous writer. Johannes Ewald, well known Danish poet and writer, wrote about his happy convalescing there.

text:
# Rungsted Kyst railway station

**Rungsted Kyst station** (meaning literally "the coast of Rungsted") is a railway station serving the suburb of Rungsted on the coast of North Zealand north of Copenhagen, Denmark.

The station is located on the Coast Line between Helsingør and Copenhagen. The train services are currently operated by Danish State Railways (DSB).

Rungsted Kyst is famous due to a range of Danish celebrity who grew up in the area including Simon Spies, wealthy eccentric and airline director, and Karen Blixen, world-famous writer. Johannes Ewald, well known Danish poet and writer, wrote about his happy convalescing there.

### Citations

* PDF about the station

## InfoBox

| Rungsted Kyst | |
| --- | --- |
| DSB station | |
| Rungsted Kyst Station in 2008 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Vestre Stationsvej 7
2960 Rungsted
Hørsholm Municipality
Denmark |
| Coordinates | 55°52′56″N 12°31′54″E / 55.88222°N 12.53167°E / 55.88222; 12.53167 |
| Owned by | Banedanmark
DSB |
| Line(s) | Coast Line |
| Platforms | 3 |
| Tracks | 3 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  DSB Following station  Kokkedaltowards Helsingør  ElsinoreCopenhagenKøgeNæstvedRegional train  Vedbæktowards Næstved  ElsinoreCopenhagenRoskildeNæstvedRegional train | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Rungsted KystLocation within DenmarkRungsted KystRungsted Kyst (Capital Region) | |


title: Kiban

abstract: Kiban is a small town and commune in the Cercle of Banamba in the Koulikoro Region of south-western Mali. In 1998 the commune had a population of 9,781.

text:
# Kiban

**Kiban** is a small town and commune in the Cercle of Banamba in the Koulikoro Region of south-western Mali. In 1998 the commune had a population of 9,781.

## InfoBox

| Kiban | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune and town | |
| KibanLocation in Mali | |
| Coordinates: 13°35′N 7°21′W / 13.583°N 7.350°W / 13.583; -7.350 | |
| Country | Mali |
| Region | Koulikoro Region |
| Cercle | Banamba Cercle |
| Population (1998) | |
| Total | 9,781 |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |


title: Kibaoni

abstract: Kibaoni is a village on the Tanzanian island of Unguja, part of Zanzibar. It is located in the central north of the island, four kilometres to the east of Mkokotoni. Kibaoni is also a village and business centre in Kenyan Coastal province of Kilifi county, Kilifi-North constituency. It is located right opposite of Pwani University main gate along the Mombasa-Malindi highway.

text:
# Kibaoni

**Kibaoni** is a village on the Tanzanian island of Unguja, part of Zanzibar. It is located in the central north of the island, four kilometres to the east of Mkokotoni.

Kibaoni is also a village and business centre in Kenyan Coastal province of Kilifi county, Kilifi-North constituency. It is located right opposite of Pwani University main gate along the Mombasa-Malindi highway.

## Sources

* Finke, J. (2006). *The Rough Guide to Zanzibar* (2nd ed.). New York: Rough Guides.

3°22′S 35°49′E / 3.367°S 35.817°E / -3.367; 35.817


title: Khushboo (1979 film)

abstract: Khushboo is a 1979 Pakistani film directed by Nazar Shabab. It is produced by A. Hameed and music was composed by M. Ashraf. The lead cast of the film includes Rani, Shahid, Mumtaz with Nayyar Sultana and Rangeela in the supporting cast. It was released on 25 August 1979, on the occasion of Eid-ul-Fitr, and was a golden jubilee hit at the box office. Main Jis Din Bhula Dun Ter Pyar Dil Se was a popular track from the film's soundtrack.

text:
# Khushboo (1979 film)

***Khushboo*** (transl.Fragrance) is a 1979 Pakistani film directed by Nazar Shabab. It is produced by A. Hameed and music was composed by M. Ashraf. The lead cast of the film includes Rani, Shahid, Mumtaz with Nayyar Sultana and Rangeela in the supporting cast. It was released on 25 August 1979, on the occasion of Eid-ul-Fitr, and was a golden jubilee hit at the box office.

*Main Jis Din Bhula Dun Ter Pyar Dil Se* was a popular track from the film's soundtrack.

## Plot

A young, arrogant and spoilt businessman Amjad marries a girl Zeenat to avenge the slaps that she has given him when he mistreated her. After marriage, he imprisons her in the house. She initially hopes to make him a good person with her love, but on constant deprivation of respect by him, she decides to teach him a lesson. She devises a plan to spend a night with him and does it with the help of an employee of his. Amjad, who spends nights with girls, consummates their relationship that night, unknowing that she is his wife. Zeenat then gets pregnant and hopes to birth a boy who can avenge her insult from him. He then throws her out of the house when he comes to know about her pregnancy. She then gives birth to a girl, Sitara.

Amjad's first wife dies after giving birth to a girl, Salma. Years passed and she gets older and spends these years deprived of her father's love due to his nature. On the other hand, Zeenat's daughter Siatara also becomes older and comes to know about his father and his treatment with her mother. She decides to take revenge on her father and starts living in his house as Salma, due to having a similar face. With a series of events, she brings her father to the right path and in the end gets her mother her due respect.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

All lyrics are written by Masroor Anwar; all music is composed by M. Ashraf

Khushboo
| No. | Title | Singer (s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Aao Kahin Door Chalain" | Mehnaz, Mehdi Hassan |  |
| 2. | "Main Jis Din Bhula Dun Tera Pyar Dil Sey" | Mehnaz |  |
| 3. | "Main Jis Din Bhula Dun Tera Pyar Dil Sey" | Mehdi Hassan |  |

*Main Jis Din Bhula Dun Tera Pyar Dil Sey* was a popular track from the film's soundtrack, in the vocals of Mehnaz and Mehdi Hassan. The song is considered as classic and one of the best song by Mehnaz. It was plagiarized by Raamlaxman for the 1990 Indian film *Police Public* as well.

## InfoBox

| Khushboo | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Nazar Shabab |
| Screenplay by | Bashir Niaz |
| Starring |  |
| Music by | M. Ashraf |
| Production<br>company | Shabab Art Productions |
| Release date | * 25 August 1979 (1979-08-25) |
| Country | Pakistan |
| Language | Urdu |