title: SAX J1808.4−3658

abstract: The first accreting millisecond pulsar discovered in 1998 by the Italian-Dutch BeppoSAX satellite, SAX J1808.4−3658 revealed X-ray pulsations at the 401 Hz neutron star spin frequency when it was observed during a subsequent outburst in 1998 by NASA's RXTE satellite. The neutron star is orbited by a brown dwarf binary companion with a likely mass of 0.05 solar masses, every 2.01 hours. X-ray burst oscillations and quasi-periodic oscillations in addition to coherent X-ray pulsations have been seen from SAX J1808.4-3658, making it a Rosetta stone for interpretation of the timing behavior of low-mass X-ray binaries. These accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars are thought to be the evolutionary progenitors of recycled radio millisecond pulsars. A total of thirteen accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars have been discovered as of January 2011. Three of them are Intermittent millisecond X-ray pulsars, i.e. they emit pulsations sporadically during the outburst. On 21 August 2019, Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) spotted the brightest X-ray burst so far observed. It came from SAX J1808.4−3658.

text:
# SAX J1808.4−3658

The first accreting millisecond pulsar discovered in 1998 by the Italian-Dutch BeppoSAX satellite, **SAX J1808.4−3658** revealed X-ray pulsations at the 401 Hz neutron star spin frequency when it was observed during a subsequent outburst in 1998 by NASA's RXTE satellite. The neutron star is orbited by a brown dwarf binary companion with a likely mass of 0.05 solar masses, every 2.01 hours. X-ray burst oscillations and quasi-periodic oscillations in addition to coherent X-ray pulsations have been seen from SAX J1808.4-3658, making it a Rosetta stone for interpretation of the timing behavior of low-mass X-ray binaries.

These accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars are thought to be the evolutionary progenitors of recycled radio millisecond pulsars. A total of thirteen accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars have been discovered as of January 2011. Three of them are Intermittent millisecond X-ray pulsars (HETE J1900.1-2455, Aql X-1 and SAX J1748.9-2021), i.e. they emit pulsations sporadically during the outburst.

On 21 August 2019 (UTC; 20 August in the US), Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) spotted the brightest X-ray burst so far observed. It came from SAX J1808.4−3658.

## InfoBox

SAX J1808.4−3658
| Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS) | |
| --- | --- |
| Constellation | Sagittarius |
|
| Right ascension | 18h 08m 27.54s |
| Declination | −36° 58 44.3 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 16.51 |
| **Spectral type** | Neutron star |
| Other designations | |
| V4580 Sgr, PSR J1808−3658, SWIFT J1808.5−3655, INTREF 881, XTE J1808−369 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: 1795 New York gubernatorial election

abstract: The 1795 New York gubernatorial election was held in April 1795 to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York. Incumbent Governor George Clinton, who had served continuously since independence in 1777, did not seek a seventh consecutive term in office. Chief Justice of the United States John Jay, who had narrowly lost to Clinton in the contested election of 1792, was elected over Chief Justice of New York Robert Yates.

text:
# 1795 New York gubernatorial election

The **1795 New York gubernatorial election** was held in April 1795 to elect the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of New York. Incumbent Governor George Clinton, who had served continuously since independence in 1777, did not seek a seventh consecutive term in office. Chief Justice of the United States John Jay, who had narrowly lost to Clinton in the contested election of 1792, was elected over Chief Justice of New York Robert Yates.

## Background

After the 1792 election was decided by the canvassing committee's decision to disallow votes from Ostego County which would have given John Jay the majority over George Clinton, partisanship and opposition to Governor Clinton in New York escalated. Shortly after the 1792 race was resolved, Clinton also entered national politics by challenging John Adams for the vice presidency.

Federalists won a triumphant majority in the 1793 and 1794 legislative elections, and Federalist sentiment grew after the Genet affair. In late January 1795, shortly after the legislature re-elected Rufus King to the United States Senate, Clinton declined to run for re-election, suspending a thirty-year career in politics. Lieutenant Governor Pierre Van Cortlandt, who had served alongside Clinton since the American Revolution, also declined to run for re-election, citing his advanced age.

### Qualifications

Under Article VII of the New York Constitution of 1777, only certain male freeholders and certain freemen of Albany or New York City could vote:

VII. That every male inhabitant of full age, who shall have personally resided within one of the counties of this State for six months immediately preceding the day of election, shall, at such election, be entitled to vote for representatives of the said county in assembly; if, during the time aforesaid, he shall have been a freeholder, possessing a freehold of the value of twenty pounds, within the said county, or have rented a tenement therein of the yearly value of forty shillings, and been rated and actually paid taxes to this State: Provided always, That every person who now is a freeman of the city of Albany, or who was made a freeman of the city of New York on or before the fourteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five, and shall be actually and usually resident in the said cities, respectively, shall be entitled to vote for representatives in assembly within his said place of residence.

## Federalist caucus

### Candidates

### Caucus

For the first time, the Federalists met in a nominating caucus. Jay was the favorite of the party, given his national prominence and sympathy from his 1792 defeat. Some Federalists did fear political backlash against the potentially unpopular peace treaty with Great Britain which Jay was negotiating at the time, but this treaty was not expected to be publicly known until after the election. Jay was nominated without his knowledge.

## Republican nomination

### Candidates

* Robert Yates, Chief Justice of the New York Supreme Court and Federalist nominee in 1789

### Nomination

Yates was nominated by the Republican party after considerable difficulty, despite the fact that he had challenged Clinton in 1789.

## General election

### Candidates

#### Declined

Aaron Burr was again suggested as a third-party candidate, but a majority in both factions were opposed to him.

### Results

1795 New York gubernatorial election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Federalist** | **John Jay** | **13,481** | **53.79%** | **4.11** |
|  | Democratic-Republican | Robert Yates | 11,892 | 46.21% | 4.11 |
| Total votes | | | **25,373** | **100.00%** |

## Aftermath

Jay was sworn into office on July 1, one day before news of his treaty with Great Britain became public in the United States. Public displays of violent opposition erupted, including a burning effigy of the new Governor in Philadelphia. Opposition was so strong that Federalists lost a congressional election in their stronghold of New York City.

### Bibliography

* Jenkins, John Stilwell (1846). *History of Political Parties in the State of New-York*. Auburn, N.Y.: Alden & Markham.

## InfoBox

1795 New York gubernatorial election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **John Jay** Robert Yates   Party Federalist Democratic-Republican  Popular vote **13,481** 11,892  Percentage **53.79%** 46.21% | |
| ---  County results
**Jay:**      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80-90%      \>90%
**Yates:**      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% | |
| ---  **Governor before election**
George Clinton
Democratic-Republican **Elected Governor**
John Jay
Federalist | |


title: Praesos

abstract: Praesos is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae erected by Francis Walker in 1854.

text:
# Praesos

***Praesos*** is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae erected by Francis Walker in 1854.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Praesos* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Tribe: | Boarmiini |
| Genus: | ***Praesos***<br>Walker, 1854 |
|


title: Pustelnik, Lublin Voivodeship

abstract: Pustelnik is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krzczonów, within Lublin County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of Krzczonów and 31 km (19 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

text:
# Pustelnik, Lublin Voivodeship

**Pustelnik** \[pusˈtɛlɲik\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krzczonów, within Lublin County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of Krzczonów and 31 km (19 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

## InfoBox

| Pustelnik | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Pustelnik | |
| Coordinates: 51°1′N 22°48′E / 51.017°N 22.800°E / 51.017; 22.800 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Lublin |
| Gmina | Krzczonów |


title: Eero Ettala

abstract: Eero Anselm Ettala is a Finnish professional snowboarder. Since 2016, Ettala has also worked as a TV host in Finland.

text:
# Eero Ettala

**Eero Anselm Ettala** (born 17 October 1984) is a Finnish professional snowboarder. Since 2016, Ettala has also worked as a TV host in Finland.

## Career

In 2010 Ettala won the slopestyle gold medal in X Games XIV. In the Toyota Big Air competition he won 1st place in 2005 and 2009, 2nd place in 2004, 2006, and 2010.

Ettala was one of the snowboarding stars featured in the 2014 film, *Snowboarding: For me*. He is the focus of a 2016 documentary, *Ender*.

## As a TV host

In 2016 Ettala joined Finnish TV channel MTV as host for show *Ota rahat ja juokse.* In 2018 he started to host *Suomen surkein kuski* for the same channel.


title: Phytoptidae

abstract: Phytoptidae is a family of mites belonging to the order Trombidiformes.

text:
# Phytoptidae

**Phytoptidae** is a family of mites belonging to the order Trombidiformes.

## Genera

Genera:

## InfoBox

| Phytoptidae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Phytoptus avellanae* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Trombidiformes |
| Family: | Phytoptidae |
|


title: Chełmoniec

abstract: Chełmoniec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kowalewo Pomorskie, within Golub-Dobrzyń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-east of Kowalewo Pomorskie, 8 km (5 mi) north-west of Golub-Dobrzyń, and 25 km (16 mi) north-east of Toruń.

text:
# Chełmoniec

**Chełmoniec** \[xɛu̯ˈmɔɲɛt͡s\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kowalewo Pomorskie, within Golub-Dobrzyń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-east of Kowalewo Pomorskie, 8 km (5 mi) north-west of Golub-Dobrzyń, and 25 km (16 mi) north-east of Toruń.

## InfoBox

| Chełmoniec | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Chełmoniec | |
| Coordinates: 53°8′N 18°57′E / 53.133°N 18.950°E / 53.133; 18.950 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Golub-Dobrzyń |
| Gmina | Kowalewo Pomorskie |


title: TMEM72

abstract: Transmembrane protein 72 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM72 gene.

text:
# TMEM72

**Transmembrane protein 72** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM72 gene.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| TMEM72 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | TMEM72, C10orf127, KSP37, bA285G1.3, transmembrane protein 72 | | |
| External IDs | MGI: 2442707; HomoloGene: 18704; GeneCards: TMEM72; OMA:TMEM72 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001123376
NM\_001345926   NM\_178768   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001116848
NP\_001332855   NP\_848883   Location (UCSC) Chr 10: 44.91 – 44.94 Mb Chr 6: 116.66 – 116.69 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Blue Matter (Savoy Brown album)

abstract: Blue Matter is the third album by the band Savoy Brown. Teaming up once again with producer Mike Vernon, it finds them experimenting even more within the blues framework. Several tracks feature piano as well as trombone. This album featured a mix of live and studio recordings. The live tracks were recorded on December 6, 1968, at the now defunct City of Leicester College of Education, because the band was scheduled to tour the US and needed additional tracks to complete the album in time for the tour. The booking at the college represented their only chance to record the extra tracks in a live venue, before embarking on the tour. An offer to perform the concert free of charge was accepted by Chris Green, the college Social Secretary, who had made the original booking, and the concert was duly recorded, a number of the live tracks being added to the album. Because Chris Youlden was suffering from tonsillitis, Dave Peverett stood in as lead vocalist on the live tracks. The album track "Vicksburg Blues" had first appeared as the B-side of Decca single F 12797, fronted by "Walking by Myself". Both Zigzag magazine and Rolling Stone magazine considered "Train to Nowhere" as the quintessential Savoy Brown song.

text:
# Blue Matter (Savoy Brown album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Blue Matter*** is the third album by the band Savoy Brown. Teaming up once again with producer Mike Vernon, it finds them experimenting even more within the blues framework. Several tracks feature piano (played by Bob Hall, guitarist Kim Simmonds, and vocalist Chris Youlden, who plays guitar here) as well as trombone.

This album featured a mix of live and studio recordings. The live tracks were recorded on December 6, 1968, at the now defunct City of Leicester College of Education, because the band was scheduled to tour the US and needed additional tracks to complete the album in time for the tour. The booking at the college represented their only chance to record the extra tracks in a live venue, before embarking on the tour. An offer to perform the concert free of charge was accepted by Chris Green, the college Social Secretary, who had made the original booking, and the concert was duly recorded, a number of the live tracks being added to the album. Because Chris Youlden was suffering from tonsillitis, Dave Peverett stood in as lead vocalist on the live tracks.

The album track "Vicksburg Blues" had first appeared as the B-side of Decca single F 12797 (released June 1968), fronted by "Walking by Myself".

Both *Zigzag* magazine and *Rolling Stone* magazine considered "Train to Nowhere" as the quintessential Savoy Brown song.

## Track listing

1. "Train to Nowhere" (Kim Simmonds, Chris Youlden) – 4:12
2. "Tolling Bells" (Simmonds, Youlden) – 6:33
3. "She's Got a Ring in His Nose and a Ring on Her Hand" (Youlden) – 3:07
4. "Vicksburg Blues" (Bob Hall, Youlden) – 4:00
5. "Don't Turn Me from Your Door" (John Lee Hooker) – 5:04
6. "Grits Ain't Groceries (All Around the World)" (Titus Turner) – 2:42 (CD bonus track)
7. "May Be Wrong" (live) (Dave Peverett) – 7:50
8. "Louisiana Blues" (live) (McKinley Morganfield) – 9:06
9. "It Hurts Me Too" (live) (Mel London) – 6:53

## Personnel

**Savoy Brown**

**Additional musicians**

* Terry Flannery, Keith Martin, Brian Perrin, Derek Wadsworth – tenor trombones on "Train to Nowhere"
* Alan Moore – Bb/F trombone on "Train to Nowhere"
* Mike Vernon – percussion on "Train to Nowhere"

## Production

* Track one arranged by Terry Noonan, Savoy Brown & Mike Vernon
* Produced by Mike Vernon
* Recorded & Engineered by Roy Thomas Baker
* Assistant Recording Engineers: Colin Freeman, Michael Mailes, John Punter, Mike Vernon
* David Anstey – cover design
* David Wedgbury – photography

## Charts

| Chart (1969) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 182 |

## InfoBox

| Blue Matter | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album (part live) by Savoy Brown | |
| Released | May 1969 (UK) |
| Recorded | March 19, 1968–January 1969; December 6, 1968 (tracks 7–9) |
| Venue | City of Leicester College of Education, Scraptoft, Leicestershire (tracks 7–9) |
| Genre | Blues rock |
| Length | 49:27 |
| Label | Decca Records (UK) / Parrot Records (US/Canada) (original LP)
Deram (CD release) |
| Producer | Mike Vernon |
| Savoy Brown chronology | |
| *Getting to the Point*
(1968) ***Blue Matter***
(1969) *A Step Further*
(1969) | |


title: SA (Samurai Attack)

abstract: SA is a Japanese punk rock band. Their style of music has been described as Oi! punk.

text:
# SA (Samurai Attack)

**SA** (also known outside Japan as Samurai Attack) is a Japanese punk rock band. Their style of music has been described (in the liner notes of their own releases) as Oi! punk.

## History

SA was originally formed by vocalist Taisei Mabuchi in Gifu Prefecture in 1984. Their first release was the five-song EP *I Get Position* (1985) from the independent label Club the Star. This limited-run (2000 copies) release quickly sold out, and the punk rock magazine *Doll* placed it at the top of its list of "brightest-hope domestic releases of 1985." They also contributed two tracks to the album *Oi of Japan* (1986), which was compiled by Yosu-ko of Cobra and released from the independent AA Records (founded by the punk band Laughin' Nose). In 1987, having decided to move to Tokyo, Taisei brought SA to an end, with their last show (in Nagoya) breaking the attendance record for the venue. In Tokyo, Taisei formed a band called Bad Messiah, which released four albums and 10 singles from Epic Sony before dissolving in 1996.

SA was reunited in 1999, and in 2000 released the album *You Must Stand Up My Comrades,* consisting of remastered versions of the tracks on *I Get Position* and newly recorded songs. At the reunited SA's first show, Taisei met guitarist Naoki from Cobra, which was appearing as a guest. When eventually asked by Taisei to join SA, Naoki agreed on the condition that the rest of the band's lineup also be changed. This led to the current lineup of the band, including bassist Ken (who had played with Naoki in the band Dog Fight) and drummer Shohei (who had once auditioned for Cobra).

The first album with this new lineup was *Great Operation*, self-released on the band's own label, Pineapple Records, in July 2002. This album led off with what would become the band's signature song, the hyper-energetic "Don't Deny, Give It A Try!!"; other notable tracks included "Die With Honor," "Drawing Your Flag," and "For Who, For What." A CD single, *Who's The Next Upstart?*, was released later the same year, which aside from the title track featured a cover of the classic Sham 69 song "Borstal Breakout" as well as an extended-electronica remix of "Don't Deny, Give It A Try!!". A mini-LP entitled *Stiff Upper Lip* was released in March 2003, followed by the band's third full-length, *Matchless Attack*, in June 2004. Later that same year, the British label Anagram Records licensed a selection of songs from all of the band's Pineapple Records releases to date and compiled them onto a 20-track CD, entitled simply *S.A. "Samurai Attack!"*. This was the first (and, as of mid-2009, only) of the band's recordings to be distributed widely outside Japan.

A fourth full-length LP, *Primal Yell*, was released in 2006. In 2007, SA opened up for the platinum-selling American punk band Rancid during their tour of Japan. A mini-LP, *Beyond I*, was released on Pineapple in 2007, followed by another full-length album, *Vandals Bop*, in 2008. SA joined several other Japanese artists and bands for the 2009 edition of the Japan Nite tour (dubbed the "Attack From Japan" tour by SA), which started at the SXSW music festival in Austin and visited seven other major cities throughout the United States. A documentary about this tour, which originally aired on a satellite TV channel in Japan, was later released in expanded form as the DVD *Make More Noize.* SA opened for Rancid again during a portion of their Japan tour in fall 2009. Austin-based punk band Lower Class Brats opened for them during their Revolt'n' Roll Tour of February 2010.

SA's music, though clearly rooted in Oi! and late-70's/early-80's punk rock, is characterized by often-breakneck tempos that are often fast enough to be considered hardcore, as well as a musical adventurousness that is rather unusual for the genre; abrupt timing changes are quite frequent, several of their songs have utilized instruments such as horns, accordions, and banjos, and they have even recorded a few ballads. As is typical for Japanese rock artists outside of the pop genre, SA's songs typically mix both Japanese\- and English-language lyrics, often with partly Japanese verses and primarily or entirely English choruses.

The artwork of the band's releases is notable both for its garishness and for its frequent use of fascistic imagery—particularly on the cover of *Matchless Attack*, which appears to depict a Nuremberg-style rally with the four members of the band as its focal point. The band's logo is quite similar, though not identical, to the official logo of Nazi Germany's *Sturmabteilung* (commonly abbreviated to "SA"), the paramilitary organization that helped to put Hitler's Third Reich into power and that was later purged by Hitler in the Night of the Long Knives. (In the FAQ section of the band's former official website, Taisei stated that when he came up with the name "SA" he did not intend for it to stand for anything in particular, and that he was not aware of the association between the name and Nazi Germany.) However, a fascistic outlook is not at all evident in the lyrics of SA. These are characterized by a pro-action, pro-unity, positivist outlook not unlike that espoused by American hardcore bands such as Minor Threat or 7 Seconds. Here's an example from "Don't Deny, Give It A Try!!":

(second verse) "We've been seeing the 'depths of misery'/We already know what 'hurt' is/The time we spend was not wasted./That's is all, I can say now! (chorus) Steppin' out! (x2) /I don't want to stay such a limited place./No fight! It's rule!/Why don't you go out with us?/Don't deny, give it a try! (x2)

## Discography

### Albums

*You Must Stand Up My Comrades* (Music Mine, 2000)
*Great Operation* (Pineapple, 2002)
*Stiff Upper Lip* (Pineapple, 2003)
*Matchless Attack!* (Pineapple, 2004)
*Primal Yell* (Pineapple, 2005)
*Beyond I* (Pineapple, 2007)
*Vandals Bop* (Pineapple, 2008)
*Revolt'n'Roll* (Pineapple, 2010)

### EPs

*Who's The Next Upstart?* (Pineapple, 2002)

### Best-of collections

*S.A. "Samurai Attack!" (Anagram, 2004)
* *21 Songs Album Attack From Japan* (exclusive CD from Japan Nite 2009 tour)

### Compilation albums

*Oi of Japan* (AA Records, 1986)
*The Blue Hearts 2002 Tribute* (Universal Music, 2002)
*BPR 5000-Burst Tracks* (Warner Music Japan, 2003)
*Smellz Like . . .* (Universal Music, 2003)
*The Blue Hearts Tribute 2005 Edition* (Universal J, 2005)
*The Mods Tribute So What!! Vol.2* (Sony, 2006)
*Japan Nite Sound Sampler 2009* (exclusive CD from Japan Nite 2009 tour) (SXSW Music ASIA, 2009)

### DVDs

*Walls and Red Lights* (Pineapple, 2004)
*The Specter On My Trail* (Pineapple, 2006)
*An Original Film Callin' You* (Pineapple, 2008)
*Make More Noize* (Pineapple, 2009)

## InfoBox

| SA | |
| --- | --- |
| Also known as | Samurai Attack |
| Origin | Gifu, Japan |
| Genres | Punk rock, Oi! punk |
| Years active | 1984–1987, 1999–present |
| Labels | Pineapple, Anagram (UK) |
|  | |
| Members | Taisei
Naoki
Ken
Shohei |
|  | |
| Website | http://sa-web.jp |


title: Copilco metro station

abstract: Copilco is a station along Line 3 on the Mexico City Metro. Located in the Coyoacán borough, in the south of Mexico City, on Avenida Enríquez Ureña. It is the penultimate station along the southern portion of Line 3.

text:
# Copilco metro station

**Copilco** is a station along Line 3 on the Mexico City Metro. Located in the Coyoacán borough, in the south of Mexico City, on Avenida Enríquez Ureña (Eje 10 Sur). It is the penultimate station along the southern portion of Line 3.

## General information

The station logo depicts an Olmec representation of a coiled water snake or dragon (symbols of the lightbug, which is also a personification of the God of Water). Copilco means "in the Royal Crown" in Nahuatl. The station opened on 30 August 1983.

Above the station's platforms is the mural *El perfil del tiempo* by Guillermo Ceniceros, depicting paintings and art from ancient pre-Hispanic cultures, works by famous artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, and Mexican art from José Guadalupe Posada, Diego Rivera and others. This station also has a cultural display.

Many of the passengers are students, headed for the nearby campus of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). Metro Copilco is particularly close to the schools of medicine and dentistry. This station serves the Copilco Universidad, Romero de Terreros, Copilco el Alto and Pedregal de Santo Domingo neighborhoods, as well as several estates (closed groups of high-density residential buildings), such as Integración Latinoamericana and Copilco 300.

## Nearby

## Exits

* Southeast: Cerro Tres Zapotes street and Eje 10 Sur Enríquez Ureña, Romero de Terreros
* Southwest: Cerro Tlapacoya street and Eje 10 Sur Enríquez Ureña, Romero de Terreros
* North: Eje 10 Sur Enríquez Ureña, Romero de Terreros

## Ridership

| Annual passenger ridership | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Ridership | Average daily | Rank | % change | Ref. |
| **2023** | 11,335,490 | 31,056 | 18/195 | +21.53% |  |
|
| **2022** | 9,327,411 | 25,554 | 22/195 | +101.59% |  |
| **2021** | 4,626,936 | 12,676 | 57/195 | −26.59% |  |
| **2020** | 6,302,582 | 17,220 | 39/195 | −55.08% |  |
| **2019** | 14,030,121 | 38,438 | 23/195 | −4.20% |  |
| **2018** | 14,645,189 | 40,123 | 23/195 | −2.25% |  |
| **2017** | 14,981,668 | 41,045 | 22/195 | +0.16% |  |
| **2016** | 14,958,149 | 40,869 | 20/195 | +8.67% |  |
| **2015** | 13,764,580 | 37,711 | 23/195 | −7.61% |  |
| **2014** | 14,898,388 | 40,817 | 22/195 | −2.15% |  |

## InfoBox

| Copilco | |
| --- | --- |
| STC rapid transit | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Romero de Terreros, Coyoacán
Mexico City
Mexico |
| Coordinates | 19°20′09″N 99°10′36″W / 19.335887°N 99.176652°W / 19.335887; -99.176652 |
| Line(s) | (Indios VerdesUniversidad) |
| Platforms | 2 side platforms |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Underground |
| Platform levels | 1 |
| Parking | No |
| Bicycle facilities | No |
| Accessible | Yes |
| History | |
| Opened | 30 August 1983 |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| 2023 | 11,335,490 21.53% |
| Rank | 18/195 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Mexico City Metro Following station  Miguel Ángel de Quevedotoward Indios Verdes  Line 3  UniversidadTerminus | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  CopilcoLocation within Mexico City   Area map | |


title: Praesens

abstract: Praesens was a Polish avant-garde artist and architect collective active in the years 1926–1930, which was formed following the dissolution of Blok.

text:
# Praesens

**Praesens** (from Latin: "present tense") was a Polish avant-garde artist and architect collective active in the years 1926–1930, which was formed following the dissolution of Blok.

## History

The founders of the Praesens group included graduates of the Faculty of Architecture of the Warsaw University of Technology as well as numerous avant-garde visual artists previously associated with Blok. In 1928, Praesens became the Polish branch of the Congrés Internationaux d\`Architecture Moderne (CIAM).

In architecture, Praesens members had sought to create affordable housing through functional architecture. The ideas espoused by *Praesens* members shared many similarities with those of the artists associated with Weimar Bauhaus, the Dutch De Stijl and the Moscow Vkhutemas. Among other projects, architects associated with Praesens contributed to the design of the Warsaw Housing Cooperative in the Rakowiec district which was completed in 1936.

Its members included architects Barbara Brukalska and Stanisław Brukalski, Bohdan Lachert, Szymon and Helena Syrkus, Józef Szanajca, and Józef Malinowski, and artists Władysław Strzemiński, Katarzyna Kobro, Henryk Stażewski, Aleksander Rafałowski, Maria Łucja Nicz-Borowiakowa, Jan Golus, Karol Kryński, Romuald Kamil Witkowski, and Kazimierz Podsadecki. Three of its members, Władysław Strzemiński, Katarzyna Kobro, and Henryk Stażewski, went on to establish the a.r. group in 1929.

1. Wróblewska, Magdalena (November 2010). "Praesens". *Culture.pl*. Warsaw: Adam Mickiewicz Institute. Retrieved 2023-01-16.
2. Wenderski, Michał (2019). *Cultural Mobility in the Interwar Avant-garde Art Network: Poland, Belgium and the Netherlands*. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-49354-4. OCLC 1021059254.
3. Turowski, Andrzej (1981). *Konstruktywizm polski: próba rekonstrukcji nurtu 1921–1934* (in Polish). Warsaw: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich. OCLC 644405777.


title: Pyramidella minor

abstract: Pyramidella minor is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

text:
# Pyramidella minor

***Pyramidella minor*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## Distribution

The type specimen of this marine species was found off Port Alfred, South Africa.

## InfoBox

| *Pyramidella minor* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Family: | Pyramidellidae |
| Genus: | *Pyramidella* |
| Species: | ***P. minor*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pyramidella minor***<br>E. A. Smith, 1904 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eulimella minor* E. A. Smith, 1904 (original combination) * *Syrnola minor* (E. A. Smith, 1904) | |


title: Eerstehoek

abstract: Eerstehoek is a settlement in Gert Sibande District Municipality in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa.

text:
# Eerstehoek

**Eerstehoek** is a settlement in Gert Sibande District Municipality in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa.

## InfoBox

| Eerstehoek eLukwatini | |
| --- | --- |
| EerstehoekEerstehoek | |
| Coordinates: 26°05′38″S 30°46′05″E / 26.094°S 30.768°E / -26.094; 30.768 | |
| Country | South Africa |
| Province | Mpumalanga |
| District | Gert Sibande |
| Municipality | Albert Luthuli |
| Area | |
| Total | 14.29 km2 (5.52 sq mi) |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 387 |
| Density | 27/km2 (70/sq mi) |
| Racial makeup (2001) | |
| Black African | 100% |
| First languages (2001) | |
| Swazi | 98.5% |
| Zulu | 1.5% |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (SAST) |


title: Dranesville Tavern

abstract: The Dranesville Tavern that was located in Dranesville, Virginia dates from 1850. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. The building has been moved from its original location and is now located near Herndon. It was a "wagon stand" type of tavern, catering to teamsters. The proposed widening of Route 7 in the mid-1960s threatened the Dranesville Tavern. In 1968, the building was moved 130 feet from its original location to preserve it.

text:
# Dranesville Tavern

The **Dranesville Tavern** that was located in Dranesville, Virginia dates from 1850. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. The building has been moved from its original location and is now located near Herndon.

It was a "wagon stand" type of tavern, catering to teamsters.

The proposed widening of Route 7 in the mid-1960s threatened the Dranesville Tavern. In 1968, the building was moved 130 feet from its original location to preserve it.

Media related to Dranesville Tavern at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Dranesville Tavern | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| Virginia Landmarks Register | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 11919 Leesburg Pike, in or near Herndon, Virginia |
| Coordinates | 39°0′28″N 77°21′38″W / 39.00778°N 77.36056°W / 39.00778; -77.36056 |
| Area | 5 acres (2.0 ha) |
| Built | 1850 |
| Built by | Cockerille, Sanford |
| Architectural style | Greek Revival, Vernacular Greek Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 72001393 |
| VLR No. | 029-0011 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | November 9, 1972 |
| Designated VLR | April 18, 1972 |


title: Sociocultural perspective

abstract: The sociocultural perspective is a theory used in fields such as psychology and education and is used to describe awareness of circumstances surrounding individuals and how their behaviors are affected specifically by their surrounding, social and cultural factors. According to Catherine A. Sanderson (2010) “Sociocultural perspective: A perspective describing people’s behavior and mental processes as shaped in part by their social and/or cultural contact, including race, gender, and nationality.” Sociocultural perspective theory is a broad yet significant aspect in our being. It applies to every sector of our daily lives. How we communicate, understand, relate and cope with one another is partially based on this theory. Our spiritual, mental, physical, emotional, physiological being are all influenced by factors studied by sociocultural perspective theory.

text:
# Sociocultural perspective

The **sociocultural perspective** is a theory used in fields such as psychology and education and is used to describe awareness of circumstances surrounding individuals and how their behaviors are affected specifically by their surrounding, social and cultural factors. According to Catherine A. Sanderson (2010) “Sociocultural perspective: A perspective describing people’s behavior and mental processes as shaped in part by their social and/or cultural contact, including race, gender, and nationality.” Sociocultural perspective theory is a broad yet significant aspect in our being. It applies to every sector of our daily lives. How we communicate, understand, relate and cope with one another is partially based on this theory. Our spiritual, mental, physical, emotional, physiological being are all influenced by factors studied by sociocultural perspective theory.

## Ideology

Various studies examine topics using the sociocultural perspective in order to account for variability from person to person and acknowledge that social and cultural differences affect these individuals. One example comes from the journal *European Psychologist*: Investigating Motivation in Context: Developing Sociocultural Perspectives by Richard A. Walker, Kimberley Pressick-kilborn, Bert M. Lancaster, and Erica J. Sainsbury (2004). Recently, however, a renewed interest in the contextual nature of motivation has come about for several reasons. First, the relatively recent influence of the ideas of Vygotsky and his followers (John-Steiner & Mahn, 1996; Greeno & The Middle School Through Applications Project, 1998) in educational psychology has led writers in the field (Goodenow, 1992; Pintrich, 1994; Anderman & Anderman, 2000) to acknowledge the importance of context and to call for its greater recognition in educational psychology, and more particularly in motivational research. As both Goodenow (1992) and Hickey (1997) note, in sociocultural theories deriving from Vygotsky, human activities, events, and actions cannot be separated from the context in which they occur so that context becomes an important issue in sociocultural research. Second, researchers concerned with learning and cognition (e.g., Greeno et al., 1998) have come to see these processes also as being situated in particular contexts. While this view, with its emphasis on the distributed nature of learning and cognition, has origins in sociocultural theories".

This theory or perspective is examined in *The Modern Language Journal* “A Sociocultural Perspective on Language Learning Strategies: The Role of Mediation” by Richard Donato and Dawn McCormick. According to Donato and McCormick (1994) “Sociocultural theory maintains that social interaction and cultural institutions, such as schools, classrooms, etc., have important roles to play in an individual’s cognitive growth and development.” “We believe that this perspective goes beyond current cognitive and social psychological conceptions of strategic language learning, both of which assume that language tasks and contexts are generalizable. The sociocultural perspective, on the other hand, views language learning tasks and contexts as situated activities that are continually under development (22) and that are influential upon individuals’ strategic orientations to classroom learning.”

## Health factors

The sociocultural perspective is also used here in order to assess use of mental health services for immigrants: “From a sociocultural perspective, this article reviews causes of mental health service under use among Chinese immigrants and discusses practice implications. Factors explaining service under use among Chinese immigrants are multifaceted, extending across individual, family, cultural and system domains. The first of these is cultural explanation of mental illness. Cultural beliefs, regarding the cause of mental disorders greatly affect service use. The perceived causes of mental illness include moral, religious, or cosmological, physiological, psychological, social and genetic factors”. From Canadian Social Work, “A Sociocultural Perspective of Mental Health Services Use by Chinese Immigrants” by Lin Fang, (2010).

## Coping

According to *Asian American Journal of Psychology*, "Coping with perceived racial and gender discrimination experiences among 11 Asian/Asian American female faculty at various Christian universities" have been examined in this theory. After the study was conducted the results revealed that "ten of the 11 women described experiences where they perceived being treated differently due to race and/or gender. Qualitative analyses of interview data revealed four themes related to coping: Proactive Coping, External Support, Personal Resources, and Spiritual Coping. The resulting themes are discussed in light of existing research, with an emphasis on the importance of understanding cultural and religious values to the study of coping".

## Language

Another instance of the sociocultural perspective can be found in language learning literature: “By adopting a sociocultural perspective that highlights the critical role of the social context in cognitive and social development (Vygotsky, 1978), we propose that learners’ actions to facilitate or sometimes constrain their language learning cannot be fully understood without considering the situated contexts in which strategies emerge and develop, as well as the kinds of hierarchies within which studies from diverse backgrounds find themselves in U.S. classrooms (Bourdieu, 1991). From Theory Into Practice, “A Sociocultural Perspective on Second Language Learner Strategies: Focus on the Impact of Social Context.” by Eun-Young Jang and Robert T. Jimenez, 2011.

-Kim, C. L., Hall, M., Anderson, T. L., & Willingham, M. M. (2011). Coping with discrimination in academia: Asian-American and Christian perspectives. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 2(4), 291-305. doi:10.1037/a0025552 -Jarrett, C. (2008). Foundations of sand?. The Psychologist, 21(9), 756-759. -European Psychologist, Vol 9(4), Dec, 2004. Special Section: Motivation in Real-Life, Dynamic, and Interactive Learning Environments. pp. 245–256 -*Modern Language Journal*, Vol 78(4), Win, 1994. Special issue: Sociocultural theory and second language learning. pp. 453–464. -Canadian Social Work: “A Sociocultural Perspective of Mental Health Services Use by Chinese Immigrants” by Lin Fang, Autumn 2010, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p152-160, 9p -Theory Into Practice. A Sociocultural Perspective on Second Language Learner Strategies: Focus on the Impact of Social Context. Eun-Young Jang and Robert T. Jimenez 2011, Vol. 50 Issue 2, p141-148. 8p.

## Footnotes

## General references

* Kim, C. L., Hall, M., Anderson, T. L., & Willingham, M. M. (2011). Coping with discrimination in academia: Asian-American and Christian perspectives. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 2(4), 291-305. doi:10.1037/a0025552
* Jarrett, C. (2008). Foundations of sand?. The Psychologist, 21(9), 756-759.
* European Psychologist, Vol 9(4), Dec, 2004. Special Section: Motivation in Real-Life, Dynamic, and Interactive Learning Environments. pp. 245–256
* *Modern Language Journal*, Vol 78(4), Win, 1994. Special issue: Sociocultural theory and second language learning. pp. 453–464.
* Canadian Social Work: “A Sociocultural Perspective of Mental Health Services Use by Chinese Immigrants” by Lin Fang, Autumn 2010, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p152-160, 9p
* Theory Into Practice. A Sociocultural Perspective on Second Language Learner Strategies: Focus on the Impact of Social Context. Eun-Young Jang and Robert T. Jimenez 2011, Vol. 50 Issue 2, p141-148. 8p.


title: TMEM66

abstract: SARAF is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SARAF gene, formerly known as TMEM66.

text:
# TMEM66

**SARAF** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *SARAF* gene, formerly known as TMEM66 (transmembrane protein 66).

## Function

SARAF (TMEM66) is a negative regulator of the store-operated calcium channel (SOCE) into cells. SARAF is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane resident protein that associates with STIM1, to facilitate the inactivation of SOCE. SARAF plays a key role in shaping cytoplasmic calcium signals and determining the content of the major intracellular Ca2+ stores in the cell. By doing so it is likely to be important in protecting cells from calcium overfilling.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| SARAF | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | SARAF, FOAP-7, TMEM66, XTP3, HSPC035, store-operated calcium entry associated regulatory factor | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 614768; MGI: 1915137; HomoloGene: 9398; GeneCards: SARAF; OMA:SARAF - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_016127
NM\_001284239   NM\_026432   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001271168
NP\_057211   NP\_080708   Location (UCSC) Chr 8: 30.06 – 30.08 Mb Chr 8: 34.62 – 34.64 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Blue Max: Aces of the Great War

abstract: Blue Max: Aces of the Great War is a 1990 video game published by Three-Sixty Pacific.

text:
# Blue Max: Aces of the Great War

***Blue Max: Aces of the Great War*** is a 1990 video game published by Three-Sixty Pacific.

## Gameplay

*Blue Max: Aces of the Great War* is a game in which players engage in aerial combat from World War I.

## Reception

M. Evan Brooks reviewed the game for *Computer Gaming World*, and stated that "The historical gamer may find the historical verisimilitude slighted too much to yield a simulator capable of being both a learning tool and an entertaining experience. However, as noted above, the game was designed for the general market; gamers who are more into "game" than "simulation" should find *Blue Max* enjoyable."

## Reviews

## InfoBox

| Blue Max: Aces of the Great War | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Artech Digital Entertainment |
| Publisher(s) | Three-Sixty Pacific |
| Release | 1990 |


title: Brennen Carvalho

abstract: Brennen Michael-Kapono Carvalho is a former American football center. He was signed by the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent in 2008. He played college football at Portland State.

text:
# Brennen Carvalho

**Brennen Michael-Kapono Carvalho** (born December 31, 1985) is a former American football center. He was signed by the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent in 2008. He played college football at Portland State.

## Professional career

### Pre-draft

Prior to the 2008 NFL draft, Carvalho was projected to be a 7th round to undrafted by NFLDraftScout.com. He was rated as the 10th-best center in the draft. He was not invited to the NFL Scouting Combine, he posted the following numbers during his pro-day workouts at Portland State University:

Pre-draft measurables
| Height | Weight | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 ft 1 in
(1.85 m) | 294 lb
(133 kg) | 5.00 s | 1.70 s | 2.84 s | 4.20 s | 7.34 s | 31 in
(0.79 m) | 9 ft 4 in
(2.84 m) | 25 reps |
| All values from 2008 Portland State Pro Day | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Green Bay Packers

After going undrafted, Carvalho spent the 2008 season on the practice squad of the Green Bay Packers.

### Arizona Rattlers

In 2010 and 2011, Carvalho played for the Arizona Rattlers of the Arena Football League.

### Philadelphia Soul

Carvalho was assigned to the Philadelphia Soul for the 2012 season, where he anchored a line that lost ArenaBowl XXV. Carvalho has re-signed with the Soul for 2013. He was named a First-team All-Arena Selection following the 2013 season. In January 2014, Carvalho agreed to return to the Soul on a one-year deal.

### Return to the Arizona Rattlers

On February 11, 2015, Carvalho was assigned to the Arizona Rattlers

### Guangzhou Power

Carvalho was selected by the Guangzhou Power of the China Arena Football League (CAFL) in the second round of the 2016 CAFL Draft.

### Philadelphia Soul

On May 1, 2017, Carvalho was assigned to the Philadelphia Soul. On August 26, 2017, the Soul beat the Tampa Bay Storm in ArenaBowl XXX by a score of 44–40.

## InfoBox

Brennen Carvalho
| Carvalho in 2017 | |
| --- | --- |
| No. 55, 62 | |
| Position: | Center |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1985-12-08) December 8, 1985
Kapa'a, Hawaii, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) |
| Weight: | 300 lb (136 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Honolulu (HI) Kamehameha Schools |
| College: | Portland State |
| Undrafted: | 2008 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career Arena statistics | |
| Receptions: 1  Receiving yards: 21  Rushing attempts: 1  Rushing yards: 1  Total touchdowns: 1 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **ArenaFan.com** | |
|  | |


title: Raymond McClean

abstract: Raymond McClean was an Irish nationalist politician and physician from Northern Ireland. McClean was born in Coleraine but moved to Derry with his parents when he was six. His father had been in the Royal Air Force but ran a pub in Derry. McClean studied at St Columb's College, Derry and then proceeded to the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, where he qualified as a medical doctor in 1958. He then followed his father and enrolled in the Royal Air Force but left after a year and returned to Derry where he worked as a general practitioner and also acted as club doctor to Derry City F.C. and local amateur boxing clubs. Concerns about the poor housing conditions in the city led him to join the civil rights movement. He was present at Bloody Sunday. Later in life, McClean wrote about Bloody Sunday and the events leading up to it, holding a special interest in the long-term effects of the use of CS Gas. In 1973, he was elected for the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) to Londonderry City Council, and was immediately elected as first nationalist mayor of the city since 1923. He held his seat on Londonderry City Council at the 1977 election, but did not stand in 1981. In the early 1980s, he worked as a medical volunteer in Ethiopia. He died in 2011, and was survived by his wife Sheila, son Sean, and daughter Sheila.

text:
# Raymond McClean

**Raymond McClean** (16 January 1933 – 29 January 2011) was an Irish nationalist politician and physician from Northern Ireland.

McClean was born in Coleraine but moved to Derry with his parents when he was six. His father had been in the Royal Air Force but ran a pub in Derry. McClean studied at St Columb's College, Derry and then proceeded to the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, where he qualified as a medical doctor in 1958. He then followed his father and enrolled in the Royal Air Force but left after a year and returned to Derry where he worked as a general practitioner and also acted as club doctor to Derry City F.C. and local amateur boxing clubs.

Concerns about the poor housing conditions in the city led him to join the civil rights movement. He was present at Bloody Sunday. Later in life, McClean wrote about Bloody Sunday and the events leading up to it, holding a special interest in the long-term effects of the use of CS Gas.

In 1973, he was elected for the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) to Londonderry City Council, and was immediately elected as first nationalist mayor of the city since 1923. He held his seat on Londonderry City Council at the 1977 election, but did not stand in 1981.

In the early 1980s, he worked as a medical volunteer in Ethiopia.

He died in 2011, and was survived by his wife Sheila, son Sean, and daughter Sheila.

## Publications

McClean authored two books, *The Road to Bloody Sunday*, and *A Cross Shared*, and jointly authored a report providing medical perspectives on the deaths of some marchers on Bloody Sunday.

After treating more than 200 cases of CS gas exposure, he had a letter to the British Medical Journal published, on the effects of CS gas use in the Bogside, during The Troubles in Derry.

* *The Road to Bloody Sunday*, (978-0946451371 Poolbeg Press, 1983), (Revised Edition, Guildhall Press, 1997)

A biography and personal memoir that detailed his experience during Bloody Sunday in Derry. It was firstly published for the 25th anniversary of the march. Details McCleans experiences working as a Concern volunteer doctor in famine struck Ethiopia in the early 1980s. (A cross shared on Open Library at the Internet Archive) * *Bloody Sunday : the Breglio Report* Robert J Breglio, Don Mullan, Raymond McClean. (OCLC 60456684 Bloody Sunday Justice Campaign, 1997)

Provided medical and ballistics analyses of the shooting of 3 of the marchers on the day.  1. Ryder, Chris (16 March 2011). "Raymond McClean obituary". *The Guardian*. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
2. "Tributes paid to Dr Raymond McClean", *BBC News*, 31 January 2011.
3. Paddy Devlin, *Straight Left*, p. 194
4. Local Government Elections 1973–1981: Londonderry, Northern Ireland Elections
5. McClean, Raymond (1988). *A Cross Shared*. Ballyshannon: Donegal democrat. p. 118. OL 1044915M. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
6. McClean, Raymond (1969). "Riot-Control Agents: Personal Experience". *Br Med J*. **3** (5671): 652–653. doi:10.1136/bmj.3.5671.652-a. PMC 1984446. PMID 5811686.
7. Ganderup, Sarah (2010). "How White Was the Wash?: Bloody Sunday, 1972, and Memory in the Creation of the Widgery Report". *Voces Novae: Chapman University Historical Review*. **2** (2).
8. "Bloody Sunday and the Report of the Widgery Tribunal – Summary and Significance of New Material". *CAIN*. University of Ulster. Retrieved 30 April 2016.

## InfoBox

| John Raymond McClean | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1933-01-16)16 January 1933
Coleraine, Northern Ireland |
| Died | 29 January 2011(2011-01-29) (aged 78)
Derry, Northern Ireland |
| Nationality | Irish |
| Education |  |
| Occupation(s) | Military physician, General practitioner |
| Spouse | Sheila McClean |
| Children | 2 |


title: Poundage quota

abstract: A poundage quota, also called a marketing quota, is a quantitative limit on the amount of a commodity that can be marketed under the provisions of a permanent law. Once a common feature of price support programs, this supply control mechanism ended with the quota buyouts for peanuts in 2002 and tobacco in 2004. Marketing quotas — Authorized by the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, these quotas limit marketings of certain commodities. The marketing quota, which must be approved by at least two-thirds of the eligible producers voting in a referendum, is intended to ensure an adequate and normal supply of the commodity, and also ensure that production and supplies are not excessive. Growers who market in excess of their quotas pay penalties on the excess and are ineligible for government price-support loans. Quotas have been suspended for wheat, feed grains, and cotton since the 1960s. Rice quotas were abolished in 1981. Tobacco quotas ended after the 2004 crop. Authority for standby marketing allotments for domestically-produced sugar and crystalline fructose was mandated by the 1990 farm bill, but eliminated by the 1996 farm bill. The 2002 farm bill reintroduced marketing allotments for domestically-produced sugar under the modified sugar program. Marketing allotments are required to be in effect unless USDA projects sugar imports will be above 1.532 million short tons.

text:
# Poundage quota

A **poundage quota**, also called a **marketing quota**, is a quantitative limit on the amount of a commodity that can be marketed under the provisions of a permanent law. Once a common feature of price support programs, this supply control mechanism ended with the quota buyouts for peanuts in 2002 and tobacco in 2004.

**Marketing quotas** (or allotments) — Authorized by the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, these quotas (sometimes called poundage quotas) limit marketings of certain commodities. The marketing quota, which must be approved by at least two-thirds of the eligible producers voting in a referendum, is intended to ensure an adequate and normal supply of the commodity, and also ensure that production and supplies are not excessive. Growers who market in excess of their quotas pay penalties on the excess and are ineligible for government price-support loans. Quotas have been suspended for wheat, feed grains, and cotton since the 1960s. Rice quotas were abolished in 1981. Tobacco quotas ended after the 2004 crop (P.L. 108–357, Title VI). Authority for standby marketing allotments for domestically-produced sugar and crystalline fructose was mandated by the 1990 farm bill (P.L. 101–624), but eliminated by the 1996 farm bill (P.L. 104–127). The 2002 farm bill (P.L. 107–171) reintroduced marketing allotments for domestically-produced sugar under the modified sugar program. Marketing allotments are required to be in effect unless USDA projects sugar imports will be above 1.532 million short tons.


title: Elena Radu

abstract: Elena Radu is a Romanian sprint canoer who competed in the late 1990s and early 2000s. She won a bronze medal in the K-4 500 m event at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.

text:
# Elena Radu

**Elena Radu** (born March 24, 1975) is a Romanian sprint canoer who competed in the late 1990s and early 2000s. She won a bronze medal in the K-4 500 m event at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.

## InfoBox

Elena Radu
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Women's canoe sprint | | |
| Representing  Romania | | |
| Olympic Games | | |
|  | 2000 Sydney | K-4 500 m |


title: Private duty nursing

abstract: Private duty nursing is the care of clients by nurses, who may be licensed as RNs or LPNs/LVNs. In the late 19th and around the beginning of the 20th century, private duty nursing was seen as "the ultimate goal of a trained nurse, both internationally and in Australia". Compared with hospital nursing, its professional status was superior, and the pay was better. Private duty nurses were allowed to work and reside at some hospitals, such as the Private Hospital, Wakefield Street in Adelaide, South Australia. Most nurses who provide private duty care work one-on-one with individual clients. Such care may be provided in the client's home or in an institution, such as a hospital, nursing home or other such facilities. Private duty may be paid by private pay, private insurance, managed care organizations, or Medicaid. Many private duty nursing cases involve pediatric patients on Supplemental Security Income (SSI) who have long-term illnesses such as Cerebral Palsy (CP) and Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI). Many patients need care for a Gastrostomy Tube (G-Tube), Tracheostomy (Trach) or Ventilator (Vent). Private duty nurses are usually either Registered Nurses (RNs) or Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurses (LPN/LVNs). Many private duty nurses are self-employed or work as contractors. Others work in the ever-growing field of home care. The practice of private duty nursing was in many senses a precursor to a rise of wider-scale nurses entrepreneurs. Non-medical care can be provided by the nurse but is most often provided by unlicensed assistive personnel such as nursing assistants, home health aides, personal care attendants, sitters, professional homemakers, or individuals with other titles. These caregivers often help with hygiene and housekeeping tasks for their clients, but they cannot provide skilled nursing care.

text:
# Private duty nursing

**Private duty nursing** is the care of clients by nurses, who may be licensed as RNs (Registered Nurses) or LPNs/LVNs (Licensed Practical Nurses).

In the late 19th and around the beginning of the 20th century, private duty nursing was seen as "the ultimate goal of a trained nurse, both internationally and in Australia". Compared with hospital nursing, its professional status was superior, and the pay was better. Private duty nurses were allowed to work and reside at some hospitals, such as the Private Hospital, Wakefield Street in Adelaide, South Australia.

Most nurses who provide private duty care work one-on-one with individual clients. Such care may be provided in the client's home or in an institution, such as a hospital, nursing home or other such facilities.

Private duty may be paid by private pay, private insurance, managed care organizations, or Medicaid. Many private duty nursing cases involve pediatric patients on Supplemental Security Income (SSI) who have long-term illnesses such as Cerebral Palsy (CP) and Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI). Many patients need care for a Gastrostomy Tube (G-Tube), Tracheostomy (Trach) or Ventilator (Vent). Private duty nurses are usually either Registered Nurses (RNs) or Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurses (LPN/LVNs).

Many private duty nurses are self-employed or work as contractors. Others work in the ever-growing field of home care. The practice of private duty nursing was in many senses a precursor to a rise (in the 1980s) of wider-scale nurses entrepreneurs. Non-medical care can be provided by the nurse but is most often provided by unlicensed assistive personnel such as nursing assistants, home health aides, personal care attendants, sitters, professional homemakers, or individuals with other titles. These caregivers often help with hygiene and housekeeping tasks for their clients, but they cannot provide skilled nursing care.


title: Dr. A. V. Baliga College, Kumta

abstract: Dr. A. V. Baliga College, Kumta is the oldest college in Uttar Kannada district affiliated to Karnatak University, Dharwad and was called Kanara College. Dr. A. V. Baliga was largely instrumental in establishing the Kanara College of Arts and Science in Kumta town. The institution is the first college and at present the lead college in the Uttara Kannada District, was founded with the name "KANARA COLLEGE" on 20 June 1949 with the great efforts late Shri L..S. Kamat, late shri. N.T.Hegde, late Shri. M.R. Dewekar and other local leaders. The great philanthrope late Dr. A. V. Baliga strengthened their hands. The college was renamed as Dr. A. V. Baliga College to commemorate late Dr. Baliga's gesture of generosity. The college successfully celebrated Silver Jubilee in 1976 and Golden Jubilee in 2002. This college offers B.A., B.Sc, B.com, BBA and M.Sc degrees.

text:
# Dr. A. V. Baliga College, Kumta

**Dr. A. V. Baliga College, Kumta** is the oldest college in Uttar Kannada district affiliated to Karnatak University, Dharwad and was called Kanara College. Dr. A. V. Baliga was largely instrumental in establishing the Kanara College of Arts and Science in Kumta town.

The institution is the first college and at present the lead college in the Uttara Kannada District, was founded with the name "KANARA COLLEGE" on 20 June 1949 with the great efforts late Shri L. .S. Kamat, late shri. N.T.Hegde, late Shri. M.R. Dewekar and other local leaders. The great philanthrope late Dr. A. V. Baliga strengthened their hands.

The college was renamed as Dr. A. V. Baliga College to commemorate late Dr. Baliga's gesture of generosity. The college successfully celebrated Silver Jubilee in 1976 and Golden Jubilee in 2002.

This college offers B.A., B.Sc, B.com, BBA and M.Sc (Analytical Chemistry) degrees.

## Notable alumni

14°26′28″N 74°25′32″E / 14.4411°N 74.4255°E / 14.4411; 74.4255


title: Socioecology

abstract: Socioecology is the scientific study of how social structure and organization are influenced by an organism's environment. Socioecology is primarily related to anthropology, geography, sociology, and ecology. Specifically, the term is used in human ecology, the study of the interaction between humans and their environment. Socioecological models of human health examine the interaction of many factors, ranging from narrowest to broadest. The factors of socioecological models consist of individual behaviors, sociodemographic factors, interpersonal factors, community factors, and societal factors (local, state, and federal policies.

text:
# Socioecology

**Socioecology** is the scientific study of how social structure and organization are influenced by an organism's environment. Socioecology is primarily related to anthropology, geography, sociology, and ecology. Specifically, the term is used in human ecology, the study of the interaction between humans and their environment. Socioecological models of human health examine the interaction of many factors, ranging from narrowest (individual behaviors) to broadest (federal policies). The factors of socioecological models consist of individual behaviors, sociodemographic factors (race, education, socioeconomic status), interpersonal factors (romantic, family, and coworker relationships), community factors (physical and social environment), and societal factors (local, state, and federal policies.


title: TMEM67

abstract: Meckelin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM67 gene.

text:
# TMEM67

**Meckelin** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *TMEM67* gene.

## Function

The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the primary cilium and to the plasma membrane. The gene functions in centriole migration to the apical membrane and formation of the primary cilium. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

## Clinical significance

Defects in this gene are a cause of Meckel syndrome type 3 (MKS3), nephronophthisis and Joubert syndrome type 6 (JBTS6).

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| TMEM67 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | TMEM67, JBTS6, MECKELIN, MKS3, NPHP11, TNEM67, transmembrane protein 67 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 609884; MGI: 1923928; HomoloGene: 71886; GeneCards: TMEM67; OMA:TMEM67 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001142301
NM\_153704   NM\_177861   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001135773
NP\_714915   NP\_808529   Location (UCSC) Chr 8: 93.75 – 93.82 Mb Chr 4: 12.04 – 12.09 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Blue Max (board game)

abstract:
Blue Max is a multi-player board game of World War I aerial combat over the Western Front during 1917 and 1918. Each player is a fighter pilot of the British, French, American, or German air service. Each game is a single dogfight, in which players try to shoot down as many enemy planes as possible without being shot down themselves. There is no limit to the number of players in a single game.
It was first published by Game Designers Workshop (GDW), in 1983. The game is named after the prestigious German order Pour le Mérite, informally known as Blue Max.

text:
# Blue Max (board game)

***Blue Max*** is a multi-player board game of World War I aerial combat over the Western Front during 1917 and 1918. Each player is a fighter pilot of the British, French, American, or German air service. Each game is a single dogfight, in which players try to shoot down as many enemy planes as possible without being shot down themselves. There is no limit to the number of players in a single game. It was first published by Game Designers Workshop (GDW), in 1983. The game is named after the prestigious German order Pour le Mérite, informally known as Blue Max.

## History

*Blue Max* was designed by Phil Hall and originally released in 1983. A reprint of the boxed version was released in 1992. An updated miniatures version was released in 1995 that included early war aircraft designed by Alan Wright. The miniatures version did not include the aircraft counters or map of the boxed versions. *Blue Max* was selected as one of the best one hundred games by Games Magazine in 1993 and won the GAMA award for graphics in the same year. *Canvas Eagles*, an upgraded version of Blue Max, was designed by Eric Hotz and released free on the web.

## Mechanics

The game is played on an hexagonal board, using a maneuver chart from which, every turn, you decide which move your plane will do. After every player has decided their move, all the planes are moved simultaneously on the map. You can fire at another plane only if it is directly in front of your plane and at a maximum distance of 3 hexes.

The rules are simple and most of them are contained in the components used during play; reference to the rule manual is rarely necessary. After playing some games, you can start to use the campaign rules which add another level of fun and challenge to the game.

## Third edition

The last edition of the game, the third one, has been published by Giochi Uniti and Stratelibri in February 2014. Game mechanics and statistics are deeply revised. Airplane types are reduced from 19 to 6.

## Translations

The original game was at least translated into Italian (*Blue Max - Duelli aerei sulla Francia*, Stratelibri, no date but 1983), into French (*Les Ailes de la gloire*, Oriflam, 1992) and into Spanish (*Blue Max*, Diseños Orbitales, 1992). The Italian edition includes statistics for Aviatik D.I and Ansaldo Balilla, even in not counters for them.

## Reception

In the January 1984 edition of *Imagine* (Issue 10), Paul Cockburn stated that "It's fun to play, although it does not have lasting appeal. Frankly, only a pretty dedicated WWI flying ace - beagles aside \- will ever actually earn the 20 kills necessary to wear the Blue Max."

In the May 1990 edition of *Games International* (Issue 14), Theo Clarke noted the simplicity of the rules, saying the rulebook was "largely superfluous after the first read." Clarke also admired the production values of the components, saying, "These large counters greatly enhance the perceived quality of the game." Clarke concluded by giving this game an excellent rating of 9 out of 10, stating, "*Blue Max* is an entertaining dogfight game with high quality components and clear simple rules. There can be few games to beat it as an introduction to the concepts of board wargames."

## Reviews

* 1984 Games 100


title: S. R. Jangid

abstract: Sangaram Jangid, also known as S.R. Jangid, is a retired 1985 batch IPS Officer. He is a former Director General of Police of Tamil Nadu. He is known for conducting Operation Bawaria, for which he was awarded the President's Police Medal.

text:
# S. R. Jangid

**Sangaram Jangid**, also known as **S.R. Jangid**, is a retired 1985 batch IPS Officer. He is a former Director General of Police of Tamil Nadu. He is known for conducting Operation Bawaria, for which he was awarded the President's Police Medal.

## Career

### Awards

Jangid's contributions to law enforcement were recognized with numerous awards, including the President's Police Medal for Distinguished Service. the Indian Police Medal for Distinguished Service.

### Operation Bawaria

One of Jangid’s most notable achievements was leading Operation Bawaria in January 2005. This operation aimed to dismantle the notorious Bawaria gang, responsible for numerous dacoities, murders, and robberies across Tamil Nadu and other states. The operation was launched after the murder of AIADMK MLA Sudarsanam from Gummidipoondi. Jangid and his team employed advanced tracking techniques and intelligence gathering to capture the gang members. The operation was a significant success, leading to the arrest of key gang members, including Oma Bawaria.

### Retirement

Jangid retired as the Director General of Police on July 31, 2019.

In 2017, H. Vinoth directed *Theeran Adhigaaram Ondru*, a Tamil film based on S. R. Jangid and this case.

## InfoBox

| S. R. Jangid | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Barmer district, Rajasthan |
| Education | Master of Arts (Economics) |
| Alma mater | University of Rajasthan <br>University of Madras |
| Known for | Operation Bawaria |
| Awards | President's Police Medal |


abstract: Oh Happy Day: An All-Star Music Celebration is a gospel music compilation album. It won Best Traditional Gospel Album at the 2010 Grammy Awards.

text:
# Oh Happy Day: An All-Star Music Celebration

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Oh Happy Day: An All-Star Music Celebration*** is a gospel music compilation album. It won Best Traditional Gospel Album at the 2010 Grammy Awards.

## Production and recording

The album was produced by Ken Levitan, Jon Bon Jovi, Bill Hearn, Jack Rovner, Ken Pennell, and Cedric Thompson. Songs were produced by Drew & Shannon, Johnny K, Sanchez Harley, Obie O’Brien, Keith Thomas, Simon Climie, Michael McDonald, Tommy Sims, Barry Beckett, Joss Stone and Buick Audra.

The album was mastered by Ken Love at Mastermix, in Tennessee.

## Awards

In 2010, the album was nominated for a Dove Award for Special Event Album of the Year at the 41st GMA Dove Awards.

Won the Grammy Award Best Traditional Gospel Album at the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards.

## Track listing

1. "I Believe" - Jonny Lang & Fisk Jubilee Singers
2. "In the Presence of the Lord" - 3 Doors Down & The Soul Children of Chicago
3. "Higher Ground" - Robert Randolph & The Clark Sisters
4. "Keep the Faith" - Jon Bon Jovi & Washington DC Youth Choir
5. "People Get Ready" - Al Green & Heather Headley
6. "Waiting for My Child to Come Home" - Mavis Staples, Patty Griffin & The Tri-City Singers
7. "Storm Before the Calm" - Michael McDonald & West Angeles COGIC Mass
8. "Redemption Song" - Angélique Kidjo
9. "A Change Is Gonna Come" - Aaron Neville & Mt. Zion Mass Choir
10. "Oh Happy Day" - Queen Latifah & Jubilation Choir
11. "This Little Light of Mine" - Joss Stone & Buick Audra

## Credits

* Art Direction: Jan Cook, Tim Frank
* Design: Matte Varnish
* Liner notes written by John Thompson
* Contracts and Clearances: Sharon Reavis

## InfoBox

| Oh Happy Day: An All-Star Music Celebration | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Various artists | |
| Released | March 31, 2009 |
| Label | EMI Gospel/Vector Recordings |
| Producer | Ken Levitan, Jon Bon Jovi, Bill Hearn, Jack Rovner, Ken Pennell, Cedric Thompson |


title: Raymond McCord

abstract: Raymond Irvine McCord is a victims rights campaigner from Northern Ireland. McCord became involved in the issue of victims rights after his son, Raymond McCord Jr., was killed by the loyalist paramilitary group the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) in 1997. He is an outspoken critic of the UVF.

text:
# Raymond McCord

**Raymond Irvine McCord** (born 23 December 1953) is a victims rights campaigner from Northern Ireland. McCord became involved in the issue of victims rights after his son, Raymond McCord Jr., was killed by the loyalist paramilitary group the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) in 1997. He is an outspoken critic of the UVF.

## Background

McCord, an Ulster Protestant, was born in the unionist York Road area of North Belfast. His family lived at 17 Grove Street until he was two when they moved to a new house in the recently built Rathcoole estate in Newtownabbey. As a youth McCord was educated first at Whitehouse Primary School and subsequently at Belfast High School.

During his teenage years he played in an association football team *Star of the Sea* alongside future Provisional IRA member and hunger striker Bobby Sands. Although the club was nominally Catholic it also had many Protestant youths. Two of McCord's other teammates, Terry Nicholl and Michael Acheson, would both later join the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and serve time in prison for offences related to their membership.

Most of the Protestant players left after the outbreak of the Troubles, although McCord remained and played for the senior side in the Northern Amateur Football League, alongside Marty Quinn. As a 17-year-old he had trials with Manchester United F.C., a club he continues to support, and Blackpool F.C., but was not offered terms by either club and did not pursue a career in football.

McCord had worked as a welder at Harland & Wolff and as a bouncer. In 1992 as a result of a dispute with the loyalist paramilitary group the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) he received a vicious beating from six UDA members in Rathcoole. He left Northern Ireland some time after to go to the US, returning in 1995. Upon his return he attempted to address the intimidation of his wife Vivienne and their three children: Raymond, Gareth and Glenn, by the UDA. According to McCord his two youngest sons, who lived with their mother in Rathfern whilst Raymond Jnr. lived with him, were frequent victims of gang attacks from local UDA members. McCord's dispute with the UDA was linked to an incident with prominent UDA member John Gregg.

## Killing of Raymond McCord Jnr

Raymond junior, the oldest of McCord's three sons, was born on 24 November 1974. He joined the Royal Air Force (RAF) in his teens, serving as a radar operator. He left the RAF after four years and returned home to Northern Ireland, where he joined the UVF. McCord senior believed this was to offer his family protection from the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) due to the McCord family's previous trouble with the UDA.

McCord junior was attached to the Mount Vernon unit of the UVF and was under the command of Mark Haddock. Mostly involved in drug running operations, McCord junior was caught with a haul of cannabis and arrested. Fearing a rebuke from the UVF Brigade Staff (Belfast leadership) from McCord junior informing the police and the UVF leadership about Haddock's involvement in the drug trade, Haddock allegedly decided to have McCord junior killed. On 9 November 1997 the latter was believed to have been lured from home and taken to a disused quarry in Ballyduff, Newtownabbey where he was beaten to death with concrete blocks. He was 22 at the time of his death. He was buried in Carnmoney Cemetery in Newtownabbey on 14 November 1997.

McCord senior initially believed his son had been killed by the UDA as part of the bad blood between that organisation and his family but later had it confirmed by several sources that the UVF had been behind the killing. The UDA South East Antrim Brigade issued a statement acknowledging the history it had with McCord but denied any involvement in his son's death.

## Campaigning

Angered by the lack of interest by mainstream Unionism and the police investigation McCord carried out his own investigation. Promising to his family to act within the law he used his contacts with loyalism to uncover that Mark Haddock was a police informer. McCord claims he met with UVF Chief of Staff John "Bunter" Graham and other leading members of the organisation in the Maze prison, where they were waiting to visit an inmate, soon after his son's killing and that they agreed to conduct the internal investigation that uncovered the information about Haddock. However he further claimed that the inquiry did not target Haddock as some of those involved in it were themselves police informers. McCord discovered that Haddock's status as an informer meant he wasn't questioned or linked to the killing of his son. Telling anyone who would listen to his claims McCord make a decisive breakthrough in 2002 when he met Police Ombudsman Nuala O'Loan. O'Loan conducted an investigation and the results were published in 2007. The investigation was named Operation Ballast, and focused on alleged collusion between the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) and the UVF. The report stated the police colluded with loyalists in over a dozen murders in North Belfast. O'Loan had established that a leading loyalist who was also a police informer had been involved in the killing and in 2005 it was announced in the Dáil by Irish Labour Party leader Pat Rabbitte using parliamentary privilege that the loyalist in question was Mark Haddock.

After being dismayed by the reaction of unionist politicians McCord announced his intention to stand for election in the 2007 Northern Ireland assembly elections in his native North Belfast constituency. McCord stated that he took the decision after Jeffrey Donaldson condemned him in a television interview after the publication of the O'Loan Report, questioning why McCord did not report his son to the police for being a UVF member. McCord's manifesto was co-written by Mark Langhammer, with the two being old friends. He subsequently received 1320 votes (4.4% of the total vote). This was actually McCord's second election as he had also been a candidate in the 2003 election when he captured only 218 votes (0.7%).

In 2008 McCord made history by becoming the first Unionist to address the annual Sinn Féin Ard Fheis. Wearing his father's Orange Order sash at the event he denounced the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) for ignoring evidence of collusion between the security forces and loyalist paramilitaries. Sinn Féin previously in 2007 had organised a trip for McCord to attend the European Parliament in Strasbourg to address a meeting of MEP's regarding the issue of collusion in Northern Ireland. McCord had also met Gerry Adams on the Falls Road around this time.

McCord was again an independent candidate for North Belfast in the 2011 assembly elections. This time he captured a reduced vote total of 1,176 for a 3.5% share. He was also an unsuccessful candidate for Belfast City Council in the concurrent local elections, running in the Court District Electoral Area.

In December 2013 McCord was with anti-drugs campaigner Tracey Coulter, daughter of Jackie Coulter when Mo Courtney, a leading figure in the UDA West Belfast Brigade and a strong opponent of Tracey Coulter, approached them and verbally abused them, allegedly threatening to kill both McCord and Coulter. Brought to trial for the incident, Courtney was found guilty with issuing the death threat to McCord (although not Coulter).

In November 2014 McCord announced his intention to stand for parliament in the 2015 general election. McCord declared that he would run against the DUP's Nigel Dodds in North Belfast, claiming that the DUP had "let victims down". Ultimately however he did not contest the election.

An opponent of plans for the UK to leave the European Union McCord, who argued that the move would jeopardise stability in Northern Ireland and hit funding for post-Troubles projects, launched a legal challenge against the proposed move in the aftermath of the referendum.

He announced his intention to vote for Nichola Mallon of the SDLP in the 2017 Assembly Elections. Despite his Unionist beliefs, he said that he believed Mallon was best placed to serve all the people of North Belfast, and criticised the DUP and Sinn Féin's divisive approach to politics. He also revealed plans to canvass for People Before Profit in Derry and spoke of his support for Eamonn McCann.

| External videos | |
| --- | --- |
| McCord's Brexit battle, January 2017, Deutsche Welle | |

## Personal life

McCord was the second child of Hector and Kathleen McCord (née Elliott), his sister Jean being seven years older than him. McCord states that, whilst his father was a member of the Orange Order, the Apprentice Boys of Derry and the Royal Black Institution, he maintained close friendships with his Catholic neighbours in the New Lodge area and, before the advent of the Troubles, regularly drank in the pubs there. Hector McCord died in 1994 aged 70 whilst Kathleen McCord was still alive as of 2008.

McCord met his wife Vivienne, who also lived in Rathcoole, when he was 15. They married in 1973 and set up home in a flat in Rathcoole. The family moved to nearby Rathfern around 1976 and their second son Gareth was born there in 1977. A third son Glenn followed soon afterwards. McCord and his wife split in the 1980s and he returned to live in Rathcoole. He subsequently moved back to York Road.

In 2014 McCord was convicted of benefit fraud, pleading guilty to thirteen counts totalling £69,000 in mis-claimed housing benefit, incapacity benefit and industrial injury reduced earnings allowances. He was given a sentence of 18 months imprisonment, suspended for three years.

## InfoBox

| Raymond McCord | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Raymond Irvine McCord
(1953-12-23) 23 December 1953
York Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland |
| Nationality | British and Irish |
| Education | Belfast High School |
| Occupation | Welder |
| Employer | Harland & Wolff |
| Known for | Activist |
| Political party | Independent |
| Spouse | Vivenne McCord |
| Children | Raymond, Gareth and Glenn McCord |
| Parent(s) | Hector and Kathleen McCord |


title: Eclipsiodes anthomera

abstract: Eclipsiodes anthomera is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1896. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from South Australia.

text:
# Eclipsiodes anthomera

***Eclipsiodes anthomera*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1896. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from South Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Eclipsiodes anthomera* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Eclipsiodes* |
| Species: | ***E. anthomera*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eclipsiodes anthomera***<br>(Lower, 1896) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Scoparia anthomera* Lower, 1896 | |


title: Pycnoepisinus

abstract: Pycnoepisinus is a monotypic genus of Kenyan comb-footed spiders containing the single species, Pycnoepisinus kilimandjaroensis. It was first described by J. Wunderlich in 2008, and is found in Kenya.

text:
# Pycnoepisinus

***Pycnoepisinus*** is a monotypic genus of Kenyan comb-footed spiders containing the single species, ***Pycnoepisinus kilimandjaroensis***. It was first described by J. Wunderlich in 2008, and is found in Kenya.

## InfoBox

| *Pycnoepisinus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Theridiidae |
| Genus: | *Pycnoepisinus*
Wunderlich, 2008 |
| Species: | ***P. kilimandjaroensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pycnoepisinus kilimandjaroensis***
Wunderlich, 2008 | |
|


title: Private education in Canada

text:
# Private education in Canada

There are a number of private schools in Canada, that provide elementary and secondary education. A number of private universities and colleges in Canada. The private education network in Canada is managed according to the requirements of the provincial laws applying to private education.

A number of private schools are based around a particular philosophy of education, such as Montessori, Waldorf, or some schools related to a particular religious community. Private schools can be independently owned and managed, while others can be regrouped under school groups, that may can operate schools in more than one province, thus having the obligation to abide to particular provincial education laws.

## History

### Secondary education

During the formation of Canada there were two opposing regions, the French Lower Canada (FLC) and the British Upper Canada (BUC). Within these regions, two types of schooling systems emerged: the French Catholic system (developed from the French Lower Canada) and the English Protestant system (developed from the British Upper Canada). The FLC schooling system promoted the integration of the French language, culture and Catholicism. They limited advanced education to the clergy and those training for a profession, however most of the schools were funded by the church. On the other hand, the BUC schooling system promoted that they were not affiliated to any specific religion. However, after analyzing the curriculum and values embedded within this system, it is clear that they were tied to Christianity. However, a key feature of the BUC schooling system was the implementation of tuition. Tuition limited school attendance to the wealthy, which could be argued to be the basis of private school tuition in Canada.

Upper Canada College (UCC) is one of the best known private secondary schools in Canada. This is because the school has managed to continue educating Canada's social and economic elite, due to rising tuition costs. Private secondary schools are separate entities from the public education system in the sense that their funding is often based on tuition and private donors. Tuition rates vary by school region and can fluctuate year to year. Tuition ranges from $31,000- $62,000. Thus, making UCC one of the most expensive yet prestigious private schools in Canada.

Private tuition costs have been continuously rising, which can be attributed to the reproduction of classism and educational inequalities in society. Tuition costs for private secondary education can be seen as only attainable by family who has high economic status. This is occurring because the cost of living in Canada rising, while the median annual income of families is staying on a stable trajectory. This means that families have to spend more on costs of living (such as rent, groceries, etc.) while their incomes stay the same, meaning they are unable to additionally compensate for private school education. In Toronto, the median income is $83,020 (2017). Comparing that to UCC's annual tuition it is clear that the average earning household cannot sustain the educational lifestyle while sustaining a balanced life at home (insurance, groceries, etc.) thus, those at the highest earning incomes are able to sustain a prestigious level of education which is reproduced for them in the future.

Despite the rising tuition costs, private education provides a multitude of benefits such as smaller class sizes, additional support (gifted, special needs, etc.) as well as prioritized interpersonal relationships. Specifically one of the benefits of having family members attending UCC is the decrease in tuition fees due to generational attendance. Historically, the tuition costs for ones ancestors attending UCC have been greater. A portion of this tuition was saved by UCC in attempts to alleviate financial stress for future generations. For example, if one's grandfather attended UCC, their father's tuition could be cut by ~15%, and then the current students tuition could be cut by an addition ~10-15%. This is an attempt to increase financial accessibility as well maintaining generational attendance which many other private secondary schools are aiming to attain as well.

### Post-secondary education

An important distinction within technical colleges in Canada lies in the accreditation of some of these schools for the Canada Student Loans Program, which applies in several provinces (except for Quebec, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut). The accreditation of a technical college affects the amount that can be granted to a student through the Canada Student Loan Program.

The influence of some American ideas of education is sensible within the private education network in Canada, as the recent opening of a liberal arts university shows (Quest University), and to the creation of education groups alike some education groups in the United States, along with the presence of American education groups in Canada - for instance, the one owning the Everest Colleges in Ontario. Some education groups limit their activities to a single scope - like technical training, for instance, or within a single province - while others lead more diversified activities, such as general education, technical training and even university education. School transactions between education groups might happen. More than one education group is active on the international level. The National Association of Career Colleges regroups only a small part of private career colleges in Canada.

## Types of private schools

### Charter schools

There are 13 charter schools and 23 charter school campuses, all located in Alberta, Canada and have been operating in the province's education system since 1994 Charter schools have a degree of self-governance, but not total control as they are publicly funded and tuition free. They got the name "Charter School" as they follow a charter that has rules and goals for the students to accomplish, and they deliver education in a specialized way which is thought to enhance student learning.

### Faith-based schools

There are many types of faith-based schools in Canada, such as Anglican, Baptist, Christian, Catholic, Jewish, and Islamic. Within these faith-based schools, there are single-sex schooling as well as co-ed schools. Prior to the 1900s, single-sex faith-based schools were more common as schools were catered towards males. The first private-Catholic school in Canada was founded in 1867 and is called Bishop Strachan School, it was catered towards the "whole girl" and is a boarding school.

### Independent schools

Independent schools are also known typically as 'private schools',or "Designated College", in fields outside of the purely Academic contexts IE- Vocational / Trade / Healthcare Colleges like "NEC College of Canada",they are independently funded and ran, therefore they are under their own jurisdiction, rules and bylaws and do not have to abide by provincial educational laws. They have their own governance that is privately elected which ensures their institutions are sustained.

This list of the different types of private schools is not exhaustive, however, it serves to showcase the multitude of schools that are available for the public.


title: Pike Transit Initiative

abstract: The Pike Transit Initiative is a collaborative project in Northern Virginia between Arlington and Fairfax counties and the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority to bring transit improvements to the Columbia Pike corridor. Officially known as the Columbia Pike Transit Alternatives Analysis, the project began in 2003. Following three successive defeats of county board candidates who supported the streetcar proposal in 2014, the project was shelved indefinitely.

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# Pike Transit Initiative

The **Pike Transit Initiative** is a collaborative project in Northern Virginia between Arlington and Fairfax counties and the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority to bring transit improvements to the Columbia Pike corridor. Officially known as the Columbia Pike Transit Alternatives Analysis, the project began in 2003. Following three successive defeats of county board candidates who supported the streetcar proposal in 2014, the project was shelved indefinitely.

## Pike Ride

Pike Ride, a specially-branded set of bus lines, run along Columbia Pike to the Pentagon and Pentagon City Metro stations. Currently, 17,000 people ride buses along Columbia Pike each day. Service is provided by Metrobus and Arlington Transit.

## Streetcar

In 2006, the Arlington and Fairfax County governments approved a "Modified Streetcar Alternative" for the corridor, which involves building a streetcar line while retaining extensive bus service. The 4.7-mile streetcar line is expected to cost $138.5 million. The first streetcar was expected to begin service in 2011.

The Northern Virginia Transportation Authority approved $36.9 million for the streetcar in January 2008. However, since then, the Virginia Supreme Court ruled that the Authority may not collect taxes, as it isn't an elected body. This leaves funding for the streetcar project in limbo.

According to *Arlington Now*, freshman County Board member Libby Garvey was the sole board member elected at the last election to oppose construction of a streetcar. Garvey quoted mayor of Toronto Rob Ford's criticisms of streetcars, only to realize his credibility had been eroded due to a series of scandals.

Garvey stirred further controversy in 2014 when she supported and raised funds for John Vihstadt, an Independent, instead of fellow Democrat Alan Howse, because he agreed with her opposition to the streetcar line. Vihstadt upended Arlington politics in 2014 by becoming the first non-Democrat to land a seat on the county board in 15 years, winning on the strength of his objections to high-cost projects such as the Columbia Pike streetcar, the Long Bridge aquatics center and a million-dollar bus stop. Garvey defended her defection by asserting her most important obligation was to voters, not to the Democratic Party machinery, and resigned from the local Party apparatus.

In late November 2014 the County Board cancelled the streetcar plan. Eric Jaffe, writing in *CityLab*, characterized the cancellation as *"abrupt"* and acrimonious. According to Jaffe, the alternate plan under consideration would follow the same route as the streetcar plan, would stop at the same locations, and would use similar stations, all door boarding, and fare pre-payment, like the streetcar plan, except it would use buses rather than streetcars.