title: David Kilcoyne (hurler)

abstract: David Kilcoyne is a former hurler from County Westmeath, Ireland. He won Westmeath's first ever All Star Award in Football or Hurling in 1986. He won All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship medals in 1985 and 1991, and a Walsh Cup in 1982. He won two Westmeath Senior Hurling Championship medals with his club Ringtown in 1980 and 1987, as well as an Under 21 Championship medal. During his time playing at inter-county level, he was joined at different times by his brothers Michael, Padraic, James and Sean.

text:
# David Kilcoyne (hurler)

**David Kilcoyne** is a former hurler from County Westmeath, Ireland. He won Westmeath's first ever All Star Award in Football or Hurling in 1986. He won All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship medals in 1985 and 1991, and a Walsh Cup in 1982. He won two Westmeath Senior Hurling Championship medals with his club Ringtown in 1980 and 1987, as well as an Under 21 Championship medal. During his time playing at inter-county level, he was joined at different times by his brothers Michael, Padraic, James and Sean.

## InfoBox

David Kilcoyne
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sport | Hurling | | |
| Position | Forward | | |
| Born | 1962<br>Ringtown, County Westmeath | | |
| Club(s) | | | |
| Years | **Club** | | |
|  | Ringtown | | |
| Club titles | | | |
| Westmeath titles | 2 | | |
| Inter-county(ies) | | | |
| Years | **County** | | |
| 1979-1990's | Westmeath | | |
| Inter-county titles | | | |
| Leinster titles | 0 | | |
| All-Irelands | 0 | | |
| All Stars | 1 | | |


title: 2013 Kazakhstan First Division

abstract: The 2013 Kazakhstan First Division was the 19th edition of Kazakhstan First Division, the second level football competition in Kazakhstan. 18 teams to play against each other on home-away system. The top team gains promotion to the Premier League next season, while the second-placed team enters playoff series with the eleventh team of the Premier League.

text:
# 2013 Kazakhstan First Division

The **2013 Kazakhstan First Division** was the 19th edition of Kazakhstan First Division, the second level football competition in Kazakhstan. 18 teams to play against each other on home-away system. The top team gains promotion to the Premier League next season, while the second-placed team enters playoff series with the eleventh team of the Premier League.

## Teams

### Team overview

Ak BulakKaisarAstana-1964Baikonur
KyzylzharBayterekBolatCaspiyCSKA Almaty
Ile-SauletEkibastuzGefestKyranLashynMaktaaralOkzhetpesSpartak SemeySunkarclass=notpageimage|Locations of teams in the 2013 Kazakhstan First Division

| Team | Location | Venue | Capacity |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ak Bulak | Talgar | Panfilov Stadium |  |
| Astana-1964 | Kazhymukan Munaitpasov Stadium | Astana | 12,350 |
| Baikonur | BIIR Stadium | Shymkent | 3,000 |
| Bayterek | Astana Arena | Astana | 30,000 |
| Bolat | Metallurg Stadium | Temirtau | 12,000 |
| Caspiy | Zhastar Stadium | Aktau | 3,500 |
| CSKA Almaty | CSKA Stadium | Almaty | 4,500 |
| Ekibastuz | Shakhter Stadium | Ekibastuz | 6,300 |
| Gefest | Sunkar Stadium | Karaganda |  |
| Ile-Saulet | Central Stadium | Otegen Batyr | 2,300 |
| Kaisar | Gani Muratbayev Stadium | Kyzylorda | 7,300 |
| Kyran | Lokomotive Stadium | Shymkent | 500 |
| Kyzylzhar | Karasai Stadium | Petropavl | 12,000 |
| Lashyn | Lashyn Stadium | Taraz | 2,500 |
| Maktaaral | Atakent Stadium | Maktaaral District | 4,229 |
| Okzhetpes | Okzhetpes Stadium | Kokshetau | 4,158 |
| Spartak Semey | Spartak Stadium | Semey | 8,000 |
| Sunkar | Tauelsizdik 10 zhyldygy | Kaskelen | 2,500 |

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion, qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Kaisar (C, P) | 34 | 23 | 8 | 3 | 77 | 20 | +57 | 74 | Promotion to the Kazakhstan Premier League |
| 2 | Spartak Semey (P) | 34 | 21 | 7 | 6 | 54 | 24 | +30 | 70 | Qualification for the promotion play-offs |
| 3 | Okzhetpes | 34 | 20 | 7 | 7 | 51 | 27 | +24 | 67 |  |
| 4 | Kyzylzhar | 34 | 20 | 5 | 9 | 52 | 35 | +17 | | 65 |
| 5 | Caspiy | 34 | 19 | 8 | 7 | 55 | 31 | +24 | | 65 |
| 6 | Ile-Saulet | 34 | 19 | 8 | 7 | 66 | 32 | +34 | | 65 |
| 7 | Astana-1964 | 34 | 15 | 13 | 6 | 51 | 37 | +14 | | 58 |
| 8 | Kyran | 34 | 16 | 7 | 11 | 53 | 39 | +14 | | 55 |
| 9 | Sunkar | 34 | 16 | 9 | 9 | 48 | 33 | +15 | | 48 |
| 10 | Ak Bulak | 34 | 14 | 6 | 14 | 49 | 39 | +10 | | 48 |
| 11 | Gefest | 34 | 12 | 8 | 14 | 37 | 46 | 9 | | 44 |
| 12 | Ekibastuz | 34 | 9 | 13 | 12 | 34 | 36 | 2 | | 40 |
| 13 | Bolat | 34 | 7 | 9 | 18 | 28 | 42 | 14 | | 30 |
| 14 | Lashyn | 34 | 5 | 9 | 20 | 28 | 57 | 29 | | 24 |
| 15 | Bayterek | 34 | 8 | 5 | 21 | 32 | 67 | 35 | | 23 |
| 16 | Maktaaral (O) | 34 | 5 | 7 | 22 | 29 | 62 | 33 | 22 | Qualification for the relegation play-offs |
| 17 | CSKA Almaty (R) | 34 | 5 | 4 | 25 | 29 | 79 | 50 | 19 | Relegation to the Kazakhstan Second Division |
| 18 | Baikonur (R) | 34 | 2 | 7 | 25 | 27 | 94 | 67 | | 13 |

Source: Soccerway
Rules for classification: 1st points;
Two team tiebreak: 1st overall wins; 2nd head-to-head record; 3rd goals difference; 4th goals scored; 5th away goals scored;
Multiple teams tiebreak: 1st overall wins; 2nd goals difference; 3rd goals scored; 4th away goals scored
(C) Champions; (O) Play-off winners; (P) Promoted; (R) Relegated
Notes:

### Promotion play-off

| **Spartak Semey** | 1–0 (a.e.t.) | Vostok |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Puryshkin  118' |  |  |

Astana Arena, AstanaAttendance: 2,000Referee: Kuchin

### Relegation play-off

| **Maktaaral** | 3–1 | ZSMK Shymkent |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sedko  15', 87'
Holmurzaev  89' |  | Abdramanov  70' |

O. Zharylgapov Sports Complex, AlmatyAttendance: 350Referee: Rakhimbaev

## Statistics

### Top scorers

*As of matches played by 25 October 2015*

| Rank | Player | Club | Goals |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Zhasulan Moldakaraev | Kaisar | 28 |
| 2 | Oleksandr Zgura | Kyzylzhar | 16 |
| 3 | Igor Abduscheev | Caspiy | 15 |
| 4 | Constantine Zadorozhnyy | Ak Bulak | 14 |
| | Alibek Buleshev | Okzhetpes | |
| 6 | Pavel Purishkin | Spartak Semey | 13 |
| 7 | Sanat Zhumahanov | Kyran | 12 |
| 8 | Almas Armenia | Caspiy | 11 |
| | Hassan Abdukarimov | Kyran | |
| | Dauren Kusainov | Sunkar | |
|

1. UEFA.com

## InfoBox

Kazakhstan First Division
| Season | 2013 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Kaisar |
| Promoted | Kaisar
Spartak Semey |
| Matches played | 306 |
| Goals scored | 800 (2.61 per match) |
| Top goalscorer | Zhasulan Moldakaraev (28) |
| 2012 2014 | |


title: John Norbury

abstract: John Norbury of Hoddesdon and Little Berkhamsted in Hertfordshire, was an English courtier, ambassador and Member of Parliament who served as Lord High Treasurer of England.

text:
# John Norbury

**John Norbury** (died 1414) of Hoddesdon and Little Berkhamsted in Hertfordshire, was an English courtier, ambassador and Member of Parliament who served as Lord High Treasurer of England.

## Origins

He was a younger son of Thomas Norbury of Nantwich in Cheshire.

## Career

After serving as a soldier in France in the service of the Duke of Brittany in 1368 he was made deputy Captain of Brest (1382–1397) and Captain of Guînes (1399–1401) with responsibilities for maintaining the truce between England and France. He served as a Member of Parliament for Hertfordshire in 1391. During this time he allied himself with Henry Bolingbroke, the future King Henry IV.

When Bolingbroke ascended the throne Norbury was made Lord High Treasurer of England (1399–1401), Keeper of the Privy Wardrobe (1399–1405) and a member of the Privy Council. In 1406 he was acting as an ambassador to negotiate a further truce with the French.

## Marriages and children

He married twice:

* Firstly to a certain Petronilla, by whom he had issue including:
* Secondly he married Elizabeth Butler, a daughter of Sir Thomas Butler, MP, and widow of Sir William Heron, *jure uxoris* Baron Saye, MP, of Eshott and East Duddoe, Northumberland, by whom he had issue including:
    + Sir Henry Norbury (d.1415), MP, who married Anne Croyser, widow of Ingelram Bruyn and daughter and heiress of William Croyser of Stoke d'Abernon in Surrey;
    + Sir John Norbury, MP.

## Death and burial

He died in 1414 and was buried at the Greyfriars, London.


title: Canal Whiteside

abstract: Canal Whiteside or Whiteside Channel is a channel in southern Chile, between Dawson Island and Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego. It runs from the southern tip of Inútil Bay to Almirantazgo Fjord. It is clear of dangers and deep; the eastern shore, which is low and fronted with shallow water, should not be approached within one mile; the western shore has no known dangers off-lying, and may be approached to a distance of about 1/4 mile. The channel is named after Arturo Whiteside, a Chilean cartographer who, in 1904, explored the zone.

text:
# Canal Whiteside

{{{annotations}}}

**Canal Whiteside** between Dawson Island and Tierra del Fuego.

**Canal Whiteside** or **Whiteside Channel** is a channel in southern Chile, between Dawson Island (to the west) and Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego (to the east). It runs from the southern tip of Inútil Bay to Almirantazgo Fjord. It is clear of dangers and deep; the eastern shore, which is low and fronted with shallow water, should not be approached within one mile; the western shore has no known dangers off-lying, and may be approached to a distance of about 1/4 mile.

The channel is named after Arturo Whiteside, a Chilean cartographer who, in 1904, explored the zone.

53°55′S 70°15′W / 53.917°S 70.250°W / -53.917; -70.250


title: Ervin Hoffmann

abstract: Ervin Hoffmann is a Hungarian sprint canoeist who competed from the late 1980s to the late 1990s. He won 11 medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with four golds and seven silvers.

text:
# Ervin Hoffmann

**Ervin Hoffmann** is a Hungarian sprint canoeist who competed from the late 1980s to the late 1990s. He won 11 medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with four golds (C-4 200 m: 1995, C-4 500 m: 1993, 1994, 1995) and seven silvers (C-1 200 m: 1994, C-4 200 m: 1994, 1997; C-4 500 m: 1989, 1990; C-4 1000 m: 1989, 1990).

## InfoBox

Ervin Hoffmann
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Men's canoe sprint | | |
| World Championships | | |
|  | 1993 Copenhagen | C-4 500 m |
|  | 1994 Mexico City | C-4 500 m |
|  | 1995 Duisburg | C-4 200 m |
|  | 1995 Duisburg | C-4 500 m |
|  | 1989 Plovdiv | C-4 500 m |
|  | 1989 Plovdiv | C-4 1000 m |
|  | 1990 Poznań | C-4 500 m |
|  | 1990 Poznań | C-4 1000 m |
|  | 1994 Mexico City | C-1 200 m |
|  | 1994 Mexico City | C-4 200 m |
|  | 1997 Dartmouth | C-4 200 m |


title: Cyrtodactylus awalriyantoi

abstract: Cyrtodactylus awalriyantoi, or Awal Riyanto's bent-toed gecko, is a species of gecko that is endemic to West Sumatra, Indonesia. It is named after Indonesian herpetologist Awal Riyanto.

text:
# Cyrtodactylus awalriyantoi

***Cyrtodactylus awalriyantoi***, or **Awal Riyanto's bent-toed gecko**, is a species of gecko that is endemic to West Sumatra, Indonesia. It is named after Indonesian herpetologist Awal Riyanto.

## InfoBox

| *Cyrtodactylus awalriyantoi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Gekkonidae |
| Genus: | *Cyrtodactylus* |
| Species: | ***C. awalriyantoi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cyrtodactylus awalriyantoi***<br>Ahda, Nugraha, Hon Tjong, Kurniawan, Amardi, Fauzi & Lin, 2023 | |
|


title: Saif Sporting Club Youth Team

abstract: Saif Sporting Club Youth Team is the under-19 team of Bangladeshi football club Saif Sporting Club. It currently competes in the Dhaka Second Division Football League, the fourth-tier of Bangladeshi football. The team plays all their league games at the BSSS Mostafa Kamal Stadium, in Dhaka. They made their domestic league debut by taking part in the 2017–18 Dhaka Third Division League. The team will also participate in the BFF U-18 Football Tournament.

text:
# Saif Sporting Club Youth Team

**Saif Sporting Club Youth Team** is the under-19 team of Bangladeshi football club Saif Sporting Club. It currently competes in the Dhaka Second Division Football League, the fourth-tier of Bangladeshi football. The team plays all their league games at the BSSS Mostafa Kamal Stadium, in Dhaka.

They made their domestic league debut by taking part in the 2017–18 Dhaka Third Division League. The team will also participate in the BFF U-18 Football Tournament.

## History

in 2016, Saif Sporting Club tied up with BKSP and selected twenty players for two years training. On August 3, 2017, the club announced the name of Spanish coach Andrés Vargas Fuentes as their U18 head coach. On August 24, 2017, the club announced the name of local renowned coach Kamal Babu as their U16 head coach.

On 18 October 2017, Vargas and Co. clinched the title of One Day Football Festival Tournament in memory of Sheikh Russel, beating Kashaituli Samaj Kalyan Parishad in a penalty shoot-out by 4–3 goals.

### Domestic league era

In 2018, the U16 team qualified for the Dhaka Second Division League after winning their Dhaka Third Division League play-off game against Jatrabari Jhatika Sangsad.

Saif Sporting Club U18 took part in the 2019 BFF U-18 Football Tournament, after topping their group, Saif faced Sheikh Jamal DC U-18 in the quarter-final, winning 2–1. In the semi-final the U18 team trashed Dhaka Abahani U-18 5–0. However, in the finals NoFeL SC U-18 caused a major upset, defeating Saif by a solitary goal. The teams joint top goal scorers during the tournament were Sakib Bepari and Sujon Mahat, with three goals.

In June 2022, Saif Sporting Club held a talent hunt in order to select players for the 2021–22 Dhaka Second Division Football League, about 150 footballers participated, and a total of 37 players including 4 goalkeepers were initially selected as the preliminary squad, but was later shorten down to 30 players due to league laws. The players who were not selected were sent to the Saif Sporting Club Academy, as the club would also be participating in the BFF U-18 Football Tournament. Former Bangladesh national football team duo Saifur Rahman Moni and Shahedul Alam Shahed were appointed as head coach and senior team manager respectively.

Although Saif Sporting Club decided not to take part in the 2022-23 domestic football season, Saif SC Youth Team was permitted by the Bangladesh Football Federation and the Metropolitan Football League to take part in the Dhaka Second Division Football League. On 19 August 2022, Saif Youth Team opened the league season by defeating Alamgir Somaj Kollayan 2–1, captain Noor Alam Siddik scored the opener, while Mahmadul added the second goal.

## Personnel

### Current technical staff

*As of June 2022.*

| Position | Name |
| --- | --- |
| Team manager | Shahedul Alam Shahed |
| Head coach | Saifur Rahman Moni |
| Goalkeeping coach | Arifur Rahman Pannu |
| Technical director | Md. Maruf Hasan |
|

## Competitive record

*As of 19 August 2022.*

| Season | **Division** | League | | | | | | | | *BFF U-18 Football Tournament* | *Other* | Top league scorer(s) | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | P | W | D | L | GF | GA | Pts | Position | | | Player | Goals |
| 2018 | Dhaka Third Division League | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 4th (Promoted through play-off) | Group Stage |  |  |  |
| 2019 | Second Division Not Held | | | | | | | | | Runners-up |  | Sakib Bepari <br>Sujon Mahat | 3 |
| 2021–22 | Dhaka Second Division League | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | TBD | TBD |  |  |  |

## InfoBox

Saif SC Youth Team
| Full name | Saif sporting club limited Youth Team |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | August 2016 (August 2016) |
| Ground | BSSS Mostafa Kamal Stadium |
| Capacity | 25,000 |
| Owner | Saif Powertec Limited |
| Managing Director | Sheikh Maruf Hasan |
| Head coach | Saifur Rahman Moni |
| Website | Club website |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|


title: Savoir Flair

abstract: Savoir Flair is a digital women’s fashion, beauty, and culture magazine based in Dubai, UAE, founded in June 2009 by Haleh Nia, who is the magazine’s current publisher and editor-in-chief. Savoir Flair focuses on fashion in The Middle East.

text:
# Savoir Flair

***Savoir Flair*** is a digital women’s fashion, beauty, and culture magazine based in Dubai, UAE, founded in June 2009 by Haleh Nia, who is the magazine’s current publisher and editor-in-chief. *Savoir Flair* focuses on fashion in The Middle East.

## History

When Haleh Nia launched *Savoir Flair* at the age of 24, she was, at the time, the youngest publisher and editor-in-chief in the Middle East.

*Savoir Flair* launched a new version of its website in October 2015. In May 2016, *Savoir Flair* launched an Arabic-language sister website, *Savoir Flair Al Arabiya*, with a photo-shoot and interview with Arab singing sensation Nancy Ajram. In early 2017, *Savoir Flair* and *Savoir Flair Al Arabiya* were incorporated under the publishing media company and creative agency Halo Media umbrella.

In June 2019, the magazine announced the launch of a coffee-table book in celebration of its tenth anniversary. The book, titled SFX, will be published by Assouline and released globally in late 2020.

## Publications

* *Savoir Flair - SFX: The little magazine that could (and did)*, ed. Assouline. December 2020.

1. "MDLM INTERVIEWS | HALEH NIA". *Moda de la Mode*. Retrieved 2017-05-11.
2. "SAVOIR FLAIR: Exclusive Interview with Editor Haleh Nia - Khaleejesque". *www.khaleejesque.com*. Retrieved 2017-05-11.
3. "MediaSource". *www.mediasource.me*. Retrieved 2017-05-11.

## InfoBox

*Savoir Flair*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Editor | Haleh Nia |
| Frequency | Daily |
| Founder | Haleh Nia |
| Founded | 2009 |
| Country | United Arab Emirates |
| Language | Arabic, English |
| Website | https://www.savoirflair.com/ |


title: Predicate functor logic

abstract: In mathematical logic, predicate functor logic (PFL) is one of several ways to express first-order logic by purely algebraic means, i.e., without quantified variables. PFL employs a small number of algebraic devices called predicate functors that operate on terms to yield terms. PFL is mostly the invention of the logician and philosopher Willard Quine.

text:
# Predicate functor logic

In mathematical logic, **predicate functor logic** (**PFL**) is one of several ways to express first-order logic (also known as predicate logic) by purely algebraic means, i.e., without quantified variables. PFL employs a small number of algebraic devices called **predicate functors** (or **predicate modifiers**) that operate on terms to yield terms. PFL is mostly the invention of the logician and philosopher Willard Quine.

## Motivation

The source for this section, as well as for much of this entry, is Quine (1976). Quine proposed PFL as a way of algebraizing first-order logic in a manner analogous to how Boolean algebra algebraizes propositional logic. He designed PFL to have exactly the expressive power of first-order logic with identity. Hence the metamathematics of PFL are exactly those of first-order logic with no interpreted predicate letters: both logics are sound, complete, and undecidable. Most work Quine published on logic and mathematics in the last 30 years of his life touched on PFL in some way.

Quine took "functor" from the writings of his friend Rudolf Carnap, the first to employ it in philosophy and mathematical logic, and defined it as follows:

> "The word *functor*, grammatical in import but logical in habitat... is a sign that attaches to one or more expressions of given grammatical kind(s) to produce an expression of a given grammatical kind." (Quine 1982: 129)

Ways other than PFL to algebraize first-order logic include:

* Cylindric algebra by Alfred Tarski and his American students. The simplified cylindric algebra proposed in Bernays (1959) led Quine to write the paper containing the first use of the phrase "predicate functor";
* The polyadic algebra of Paul Halmos. By virtue of its economical primitives and axioms, this algebra most resembles PFL;
* Relation algebra algebraizes the fragment of first-order logic consisting of formulas having no atomic formula lying in the scope of more than three quantifiers. That fragment suffices, however, for Peano arithmetic and the axiomatic set theory ZFC; hence relation algebra, unlike PFL, is incompletable. Most work on relation algebra since about 1920 has been by Tarski and his American students. The power of relation algebra did not become manifest until the monograph Tarski and Givant (1987), published after the three important papers bearing on PFL, namely Bacon (1985), Kuhn (1983), and Quine (1976);
* Combinatory logic builds on combinators, higher order functions whose domain is another combinator or function, and whose range is yet another combinator. Hence combinatory logic goes beyond first-order logic by having the expressive power of set theory, which makes combinatory logic vulnerable to paradoxes. A predicate functor, on the other hand, simply maps predicates (also called terms) into predicates.

PFL is arguably the simplest of these formalisms, yet also the one about which the least has been written.

Quine had a lifelong fascination with combinatory logic, attested to by his introduction to the translation in Van Heijenoort (1967) of the paper by the Russian logician Moses Schönfinkel founding combinatory logic. When Quine began working on PFL in earnest, in 1959, combinatory logic was commonly deemed a failure for the following reasons:

* Until Dana Scott began writing on the model theory of combinatory logic in the late 1960s, almost only Haskell Curry, his students, and Robert Feys in Belgium worked on that logic;
* Satisfactory axiomatic formulations of combinatory logic were slow in coming. In the 1930s, some formulations of combinatory logic were found to be inconsistent. Curry also discovered the Curry paradox, peculiar to combinatory logic;
* The lambda calculus, with the same expressive power as combinatory logic, was seen as a superior formalism.

## Kuhn's formalization

The PFL syntax, primitives, and axioms described in this section are largely Steven Kuhn's (1983). The semantics of the functors are Quine's (1982). The rest of this entry incorporates some terminology from Bacon (1985).

### Syntax

An *atomic term* is an upper case Latin letter, *I* and *S* excepted, followed by a numerical superscript called its *degree*, or by concatenated lower case variables, collectively known as an *argument list*. The degree of a term conveys the same information as the number of variables following a predicate letter. An atomic term of degree 0 denotes a Boolean variable or a truth value. The degree of *I* is invariably 2 and so is not indicated.

The "combinatory" (the word is Quine's) predicate functors, all monadic and peculiar to PFL, are **Inv**, **inv**, , **+**, and **p**. A term is either an atomic term, or constructed by the following recursive rule. If τ is a term, then **Inv**τ, **inv**τ, τ, **+**τ, and **p**τ are terms. A functor with a superscript *n*, *n* a natural number \> 1, denotes *n* consecutive applications (iterations) of that functor.

A formula is either a term or defined by the recursive rule: if α and β are formulas, then αβ and ~(α) are likewise formulas. Hence "~" is another monadic functor, and concatenation is the sole dyadic predicate functor. Quine called these functors "alethic." The natural interpretation of "~" is negation; that of concatenation is any connective that, when combined with negation, forms a functionally complete set of connectives. Quine's preferred functionally complete set was conjunction and negation. Thus concatenated terms are taken as conjoined. The notation **+** is Bacon's (1985); all other notation is Quine's (1976; 1982). The alethic part of PFL is identical to the *Boolean term schemata* of Quine (1982).

As is well known, the two alethic functors could be replaced by a single dyadic functor with the following syntax and semantics: if α and β are formulas, then (αβ) is a formula whose semantics are "not (α and/or β)" (see NAND and NOR).

### Axioms and semantics

Quine set out neither axiomatization nor proof procedure for PFL. The following axiomatization of PFL, one of two proposed in Kuhn (1983), is concise and easy to describe, but makes extensive use of free variables and so does not do full justice to the spirit of PFL. Kuhn gives another axiomatization dispensing with free variables, but that is harder to describe and that makes extensive use of defined functors. Kuhn proved both of his PFL axiomatizations sound and complete.

This section is built around the primitive predicate functors and a few defined ones. The alethic functors can be axiomatized by any set of axioms for sentential logic whose primitives are negation and one of ∧ or ∨. Equivalently, all tautologies of sentential logic can be taken as axioms.

Quine's (1982) semantics for each predicate functor are stated below in terms of abstraction (set builder notation), followed by either the relevant axiom from Kuhn (1983), or a definition from Quine (1976). The notation $\\{x\_{1}\cdots x\_{n}:Fx\_{1}\cdots x\_{n}\\}$ denotes the set of *n*-tuples satisfying the atomic formula $Fx\_{1}\cdots x\_{n}.$

* *Identity*, I, is defined as:

$$IFx\_{1}x\_{2}\cdots x\_{n}\leftrightarrow (Fx\_{1}x\_{1}\cdots x\_{n}\leftrightarrow Fx\_{2}x\_{2}\cdots x\_{n}){\text{.}}$$

Identity is reflexive (Ixx), symmetric (*Ixy**Iyx*), transitive ((*Ixy**Iyz*) → *Ixz*), and obeys the substitution property:

$$(Fx\_{1}\cdots x\_{n}\land Ix\_{1}y)\rightarrow Fyx\_{2}\cdots x\_{n}.$$

* *Padding*, **+**, adds a variable to the left of any argument list.

$$\ +F^{n}\ {\overset {\underset {\mathrm {def} }{}{=}\ \\{x\_{0}x\_{1}\cdots x\_{n}:F^{n}x\_{1}\cdots x\_{n}\\}.}}$$

$$+Fx\_{1}\cdots x\_{n}\leftrightarrow Fx\_{2}\cdots x\_{n}.$$

* *Cropping*, , erases the leftmost variable in any argument list.

$$\exists F^{n}\ {\overset {\underset {\mathrm {def} }{}{=}\ \\{x\_{2}\cdots x\_{n}:\exists x\_{1}F^{n}x\_{1}\cdots x\_{n}\\}.}}$$

$$Fx\_{1}\cdots x\_{n}\rightarrow \exists Fx\_{2}\cdots x\_{n}.$$

*Cropping* enables two useful defined functors:

* *Reflection*, **S**:

$$SF^{n}\ {\overset {\underset {\mathrm {def} }{}{=}\ \\{x\_{2}\cdots x\_{n}:F^{n}x\_{2}x\_{2}\cdots x\_{n}\\}.}}$$

$$SF^{n}\leftrightarrow \exists IF^{n}.$$

**S** generalizes the notion of reflexivity to all terms of any finite degree greater than 2. N.B: **S** should not be confused with the primitive combinator **S** of combinatory logic.

$$F^{m}\times G^{n}\leftrightarrow F^{m}\exists ^{m}G^{n}.$$

Here only, Quine adopted an infix notation, because this infix notation for Cartesian product is very well established in mathematics. Cartesian product allows restating conjunction as follows:

$$F^{m}x\_{1}\cdots x\_{m}G^{n}x\_{1}\cdots x\_{n}\leftrightarrow (F^{m}\times G^{n})x\_{1}\cdots x\_{m}x\_{1}\cdots x\_{n}.$$

Reorder the concatenated argument list so as to shift a pair of duplicate variables to the far left, then invoke **S** to eliminate the duplication. Repeating this as many times as required results in an argument list of length max(*m*,*n*).

The next three functors enable reordering argument lists at will.

* *Major inversion*, **Inv**, rotates the variables in an argument list to the right, so that the last variable becomes the first.

$$\operatorname {Inv} F^{n}\ {\overset {\underset {\mathrm {def} }{}{=}\ \\{x\_{1}\cdots x\_{n}:F^{n}x\_{n}x\_{1}\cdots x\_{n-1}\\}.}}$$

$$\operatorname {Inv} Fx\_{1}\cdots x\_{n}\leftrightarrow Fx\_{n}x\_{1}\cdots x\_{n-1}.$$

* *Minor inversion*, **inv**, swaps the first two variables in an argument list.

$$\operatorname {inv} F^{n}\ {\overset {\underset {\mathrm {def} }{}{=}\ \\{x\_{1}\cdots x\_{n}:F^{n}x\_{2}x\_{1}\cdots x\_{n}\\}.}}$$

$$\operatorname {inv} Fx\_{1}\cdots x\_{n}\leftrightarrow Fx\_{2}x\_{1}\cdots x\_{n}.$$

* *Permutation*, **p**, rotates the second through last variables in an argument list to the left, so that the second variable becomes the last.

$$\ pF^{n}\ {\overset {\underset {\mathrm {def} }{}{=}\ \\{x\_{1}\cdots x\_{n}:F^{n}x\_{1}x\_{3}\cdots x\_{n}x\_{2}\\}.}}$$

$$pFx\_{1}\cdots x\_{n}\leftrightarrow \operatorname {Inv} \operatorname {inv} Fx\_{1}x\_{3}\cdots x\_{n}x\_{2}.$$

Given an argument list consisting of *n* variables, **p** implicitly treats the last *n*−1 variables like a bicycle chain, with each variable constituting a link in the chain. One application of **p** advances the chain by one link. *k* consecutive applications of **p** to *F**n* moves the *k*+1 variable to the second argument position in *F*.

When *n*=2, **Inv** and **inv** merely interchange *x*1 and *x*2. When *n*=1, they have no effect. Hence **p** has no effect when *n* \< 3.

Kuhn (1983) takes *Major inversion* and *Minor inversion* as primitive. The notation **p** in Kuhn corresponds to **inv**; he has no analog to *Permutation* and hence has no axioms for it. If, following Quine (1976), **p** is taken as primitive, **Inv** and **inv** can be defined as nontrivial combinations of **+**, , and iterated **p**.

The following table summarizes how the functors affect the degrees of their arguments.

| Expression | Degree |
| --- | --- |
| $p;\operatorname {Inv} ;\operatorname {inv} ;\ \lnot ;\ I$ | no change |
| $+F^{n-1};\ \exists F^{n+1};\ SF^{n+1}$ | n |
| $\alpha ^{m}\beta ^{n};\ F^{m}\times G^{n}$ | max(*m*, *n*) |

### Rules

All instances of a predicate letter may be replaced by another predicate letter of the same degree, without affecting validity. The rules are:

* Modus ponens;
* Let *α* and *β* be PFL formulas in which $x\_{1}$ does not appear. Then if $(\alpha \land Fx\_{1}...x\_{n})\rightarrow \beta $ is a PFL theorem, then $(\alpha \land \exists Fx\_{2}...x\_{n})\rightarrow \beta $ is likewise a PFL theorem.

### Some useful results

Instead of axiomatizing PFL, Quine (1976) proposed the following conjectures as candidate axioms.

$$\exists I$$

*n*1 consecutive iterations of **p** restores the *status quo ante*:

$$F^{n}\leftrightarrow p^{n-1}F^{n}$$

**+** and  annihilate each other:

$$\begin{cases}F^{n}\rightarrow +\exists F^{n}\\F^{n}\leftrightarrow \exists +F^{n}\end{cases}$$

Negation distributes over **+**, , and **p**:

$$\begin{cases}+\lnot F^{n}\leftrightarrow \lnot +F^{n}\\\lnot \exists F^{n}\rightarrow \exists \lnot F^{n}\\p\lnot F^{n}\leftrightarrow \lnot pF^{n}\end{cases}$$

**+** and **p** distributes over conjunction:

$$\begin{cases}+(F^{n}G^{m})\leftrightarrow (+F^{n}+G^{m})\\p(F^{n}G^{m})\leftrightarrow (pF^{n}pG^{m})\end{cases}$$

Identity has the interesting implication:

$$IF^{n}\rightarrow p^{n-2}\exists p+F^{n}$$

Quine also conjectured the rule: If α is a PFL theorem, then so are *pα*, +α, and $\lnot \exists \lnot \alpha $.

## Bacon's work

Bacon (1985) takes the conditional, negation, *Identity*, *Padding*, and *Major* and *Minor inversion* as primitive, and *Cropping* as defined. Employing terminology and notation differing somewhat from the above, Bacon (1985) sets out two formulations of PFL:

* A natural deduction formulation in the style of Frederick Fitch. Bacon proves this formulation sound and complete in full detail.
* An axiomatic formulation, which Bacon asserts, but does not prove, equivalent to the preceding one. Some of these axioms are simply Quine conjectures restated in Bacon's notation.

Bacon also:

## From first-order logic to PFL

The following algorithm is adapted from Quine (1976: 300–2). Given a closed formula of first-order logic, first do the following:

Now apply the following algorithm to the preceding result:

1. Translate the matrices of the most deeply nested quantifiers into disjunctive normal form, consisting of disjuncts of conjuncts of terms, negating atomic terms as required. The resulting subformula contains only negation, conjunction, disjunction, and existential quantification.
2. Distribute the existential quantifiers over the disjuncts in the matrix using the rule of passage (Quine 1982: 119):

$$\exists x\[\alpha (x)\lor \gamma (x)\]\leftrightarrow (\exists x\alpha (x)\lor \exists x\gamma (x)).$$
3. Replace conjunction by Cartesian product, by invoking the fact:

$$(F^{m}\land G^{n})\leftrightarrow (F^{m}\times G^{n})\leftrightarrow (F^{m}\exists ^{m}G^{n});m\<n.$$
4. Concatenate the argument lists of all atomic terms, and move the concatenated list to the far right of the subformula.
5. Use **Inv** and **inv** to move all instances of the quantified variable (call it *y*) to the left of the argument list.
6. Invoke **S** as many times as required to eliminate all but the last instance of *y*. Eliminate *y* by prefixing the subformula with one instance of .
7. Repeat (1)-(6) until all quantified variables have been eliminated. Eliminate any disjunctions falling within the scope of a quantifier by invoking the equivalence:

$$(\alpha \lor \beta \lor ...)\leftrightarrow \lnot (\lnot \alpha \land \lnot \beta \land ...).$$

The reverse translation, from PFL to first-order logic, is discussed in Quine (1976: 302–4).

The canonical foundation of mathematics is axiomatic set theory, with a background logic consisting of first-order logic with identity, with a universe of discourse consisting entirely of sets. There is a single predicate letter of degree 2, interpreted as set membership. The PFL translation of the canonical axiomatic set theory ZFC is not difficult, as no ZFC axiom requires more than 6 quantified variables.

## Footnotes


title: Tela O'Donnell

abstract: Tela O'Donnell is a retired amateur American freestyle wrestler, who competed in the women's lightweight category. She picked up the 2003 U.S. national runner-up trophy in her respective division, and later represented the United States team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, finishing sixth in the process. Throughout her sporting career, O'Donnell served full-time as a member of Dave Schultz Wrestling Club, and also became a resident athlete for the development program at the United States Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs, Colorado.

text:
# Tela O'Donnell

**Tela O'Donnell** (born July 16, 1982 in Homer, Alaska) is a retired amateur American freestyle wrestler, who competed in the women's lightweight category. She picked up the 2003 U.S. national runner-up trophy in her respective division, and later represented the United States team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, finishing sixth in the process. Throughout her sporting career, O'Donnell served full-time as a member of Dave Schultz Wrestling Club, and also became a resident athlete for the development program at the United States Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs, Colorado.

## Career

### Early years

O'Donnell began her sporting career at Homer High School in Homer, Alaska, where she lettered in football and volleyball. In her junior season, she officially joined the high school wrestling team under her coach Pat Daigle (Maine state champ) and assistant coach Jesse Caraway went on to set her own record as the second female wrestler to place in the state wrestling tournament. After graduating from high school in 2001, O'Donnell enrolled at Pacific University in Forest Grove, Oregon, where she competed on the women's wrestling team for an annual season.

In 2003, O'Donnell was selected to enter the United States Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs, Colorado, where she had turned her sights to the women's wrestling squad under head coach Terry Steiner. Additionally, she attended classes part-time at the University of Colorado, taking up a bachelor of science degree in psychology.

### Freestyle wrestling

O'Donnell blossomed her sporting career with a 121-pound title at the Women's University Championships in St. Joseph, Missouri. She sought her sights to compete for the U.S. world wrestling squad, but missed a chance to grab a spot after her startling defeat from Tina George at the national trials.

O'Donnell entered the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens on her major international debut in the women's 55 kg class. Earlier in the process, she grappled her way to pin and upset her longtime nemesis and two-time World silver medalist Tina George from the Olympic Trials, which guaranteed her a spot on the first ever U.S. women's wrestling squad. In the prelim pool, O'Donnell opened her match by pinning Russia's Olga Smirnova with less than two minutes left, but fell short behind Canada's Tonya Verbeek by a ten-point superiority limit (1–11). Despite missing a spot on the semifinals, O'Donnell seized her opportunity to compete against Puerto Rico's Mabel Fonseca in the classification round, but could not score enough points to grapple her opponent off the mat with a 7–10 decision. O'Donnell initially placed seventh in the final standings, but later upgraded to sixth, as Fonseca was disqualified from the tournament after being tested positive for stanozolol.

## InfoBox

Tela O'Donnell
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Tela O'Donnell |
| Born | (1982-07-16) July 16, 1982<br>Homer, Alaska, U.S. |
| Height | 1.62 m (5 ft 4 in) |
| Weight | 55 kg (121 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Wrestling |
|  | |
| Style | Freestyle |
| Club | Dave Schultz Wrestling Club |
| College team | Pacific University |
| Coach | Terry Steiner |
|  | |


title: Cassania

abstract: Cassania is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

text:
# Cassania

***Cassania*** is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

## InfoBox

| *Cassania* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | *Cassania* |
|


title: 2013 Kazakhstan Super Cup

abstract: The 2013 Kazakhstan Super Cup was the fifth Kazakhstan Super Cup, an annual football match played between the winners of the previous season's Premier League, Shakhter Karagandy, and the previous season's Kazakhstan Cup, Astana, with the Shakhter Karagandy winning 3–2. This was both teams second appearance in the Kazakhstan Super Cup.

text:
# 2013 Kazakhstan Super Cup

The **2013 Kazakhstan Super Cup** was the fifth Kazakhstan Super Cup, an annual football match played between the winners of the previous season's Premier League, Shakhter Karagandy, and the previous season's Kazakhstan Cup, Astana, with the Shakhter Karagandy winning 3–2. This was both teams second appearance in the Kazakhstan Super Cup.

## Match details

| Shakhter Karagandy | 3  2 (a.e.t.) | Astana |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Baizhanov  58'
Paryvayew  58'
Kukeyev  118' | Report | Kéthévoama  63'
Ostapenko  90' |

Astana Arena, AstanaAttendance: 11,200Referee: Igor Khisamutdinov

| GK **35**  Aleksandr Mokin  DF **4**  Nikola Vasiljević  DF **17**  Andrey Paryvayew  110'  DF **25**  Serhiy Malyi  104'  DF **87**  Aleksandar Simčević  MF **7**  Maksat Baizhanov  MF **10**  Zhambyl Kukeyev  118'  119'  MF **88**  Roger Cañas  65'  FW **14**  Andrei Finonchenko   80'  FW **18**  Daurenbek Tazhimbetov   75'  FW **77**  Stanislav Lunin  **Substitutes:**  GK **31**  Serhiy Tkachuk  MF **3**  Gediminas Vičius   80'  MF **8**  Borut Semler   119'  FW **11**  Toktar Zhangylyshbay  DF **19**  Yevgeny Tarasov  DF **22**  Mikhail Gabyshev  FW **91**  Sergei Khizhnichenko   91'  **Manager:**  Viktor Kumykov | GK **1**  Nenad Erić  DF **6**  Kairat Nurdauletov  DF **8**  Viktor Dmitrenko  DF **15**  Abzal Beisebekov  DF **21**  Aleksandr Kirov  DF **26**  Zelão  MF **3**  Valeri Korobkin  MF **7**  Ulan Konysbayev   58'  MF **10**  Foxi Kéthévoama   81'  FW **9**  Sergei Ostapenko  FW **28**  Filip Ivanovski   61'  **Substitutes:**  GK **18**  Vladimir Loginovsky  MF **13**  Igor Țîgîrlaș   81'  DF **16**  Yevgeni Goryachi  FW **17**  Tanat Nusserbayev  120+1'  61'  MF **20**  Damir Kojašević   58'  MF **22**  Marat Shakhmetov  MF **23**  Islambek Kuat  **Manager:**  Miroslav Beránek |
| --- | --- |

## InfoBox

2013 Kazakhstan Super Cup
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| (AET) | |
| Date | 3 March 2013 |
| Venue | Astana Arena, Astana |
| Referee | Igor Khisamutdinov |
| Attendance | 11,200 |
|


title: Canton of Aubagne-Ouest

abstract:
The Canton of Aubagne-Ouest is a canton located within the administrative department of Bouches-du-Rhône in southern France. It was created 27 February 2003 by the decree 2003-156 of that date. It had 41,357 inhabitants (2012). It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 2 communes, which joined the new canton of Aubagne in 2015. Elected to represent the canton in the General Council of Bouches-du-Rhône:
  - Daniel Fontaine

text:
# Canton of Aubagne-Ouest

The **Canton of Aubagne-Ouest** is a canton located within the administrative department of Bouches-du-Rhône in southern France. It was created 27 February 2003 by the decree 2003-156 of that date. It had 41,357 inhabitants (2012). It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 2 communes, which joined the new canton of Aubagne in 2015.

Elected to represent the canton in the General Council of Bouches-du-Rhône:

## Area

It was composed of the western half of Aubagne not included in the Canton of Aubagne-Est as well as the commune of La Penne-sur-Huveaune.

43°17′27″N 5°34′15″E / 43.29083°N 5.57083°E / 43.29083; 5.57083

## InfoBox

| Aubagne-Ouest | |
| --- | --- |
| Former canton | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur |
| Department | Bouches-du-Rhône |
| No. of communes | 2 |
| Disbanded | 2015 |
| Seat | Aubagne |
| Population (2012) | 41,357 |


title: Ervin Ibrahimović

abstract: Ervin Ibrahimović is a Montenegrin politician serving as the vice president of the Parliament of Montenegro since December 2021 and the current president of the conservative Bosniak Party (BS), minority party representing Bosniaks in Montenegro, succeeding the party founder Rafet Husović in 2021.

text:
# Ervin Ibrahimović

**Ervin Ibrahimović** (Bosnian Cyrillic: Ервин Ибрахимовић; born 7 June 1972) is a Montenegrin politician serving as the vice president of the Parliament of Montenegro since December 2021 and the current president of the conservative Bosniak Party (BS), minority party representing Bosniaks in Montenegro, succeeding the party founder Rafet Husović in 2021.

## Biography

### Early life and education

Ibrahimović was born on 7 June 1972 in Rožaje, a northern Montenegro town. He finished middle and high school in Rožaje, and later graduated from the Faculty of Metallurgy, University of Pristina. He has a master's degree from the University of Belgrade. In his youth, he played sports for many years and achieved notable result as a basketball coach in Rožaje and Tutin.

### Political career

He served as the president of the Bosniak Party board in Rožaje, served as a member of the Municipal Parliament of Rožaje, and has been a member of the party presidency throughout the years. From 2011 to 2016 he served as the Consul at the Consulate General of Montenegro in Frankfurt, and has been a member of the Parliament of Montenegro since 2016. Ibrahimović was part of the selected group of officials and MPs who received loans and apartments from the state on favorable terms, as well as other benefits, causing controversy in the Montenegrin public. In December 2020, the Agency for the Prevention of Corruption determined that he violated the Law on the Prevention of Corruption. On 13 June 2021 he was elected new president of the Bosniak Party, succeeding Rafet Husović, first leader of the party after his death.

On 9 December 2021, Ibrahimović was elected vice president of the Parliament of Montenegro.

### Personal life

In addition to his native Bosnian, Ibrahimović speaks English. He is married and is the father of two children.

## InfoBox

| Ervin Ibrahimović
Ервин Ибрахимовић | |
| --- | --- |
| Ibrahimović in October, 2021 | |
|  | |
| Vice President of the Parliament of Montenegro | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
9 December 2021 | |
| President | Aleksa Bečić |
| Leader of the Bosniak Party | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
13 June 2021 | |
| Preceded by | Rafet Husović |
| Member of Parliament | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
16 October 2016 | |
| President | Ivan Brajović
Aleksa Bečić |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1972-06-07) 7 June 1972
Rožaje, SR Montenegro,
SFR Yugoslavia |
| Political party | Bosniak Party |
| Alma mater | University of Pristina
University of Belgrade |
| Profession | Politician |
| Signature |  |
|  | |


title: Cyrtodactylus bapme

abstract: Cyrtodactylus bapme, the Garo Hills bent-toed gecko, is a species of gecko endemic to India.

text:
# Cyrtodactylus bapme

***Cyrtodactylus bapme***, the **Garo Hills bent-toed gecko**, is a species of gecko endemic to India.

## InfoBox

| *Cyrtodactylus bapme* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Gekkonidae |
| Genus: | *Cyrtodactylus* |
| Species: | ***C. bapme*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cyrtodactylus bapme***<br>Kamei & Mahony, 2021 | |
|


title: Sagufta Yasmin Emily

abstract: Sagufta Yasmin Emily is a Bangladesh Awami League politician and a former Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Munshiganj-2 constituency. She served as a whip of the parliament in the 9th Parliament (2009-2013).

text:
# Sagufta Yasmin Emily

**Sagufta Yasmin Emily** (born 3 November 1962) is a Bangladesh Awami League politician and a former Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Munshiganj-2 constituency. She served as a whip of the parliament in the 9th Parliament (2009-2013).

## Education

Emily completed her bachelor's and master's degree in geography from the University of Dhaka in 1984 and 1986 respectively.

## Career

Emily was elected to parliament from Munshiganj District in January 2009 as a candidate of the Bangladesh Awami League.

Emily was reelected to the parliament in January 2014. On 8 March 2010 at a roundtable organized by Transparency International Bangladesh, she described religiously motivated terrorism as an obstacle for the advancement for women in Bangladesh. At the Padma Bridge—New Lifeline of Development organized by BSRM and *The Daily Star* on 10 January 2016, where she talked about the effects of river erosion in her constituency, she told the panel how the local government had to use millions of takas worth of sandbags to prevent erosion. In July 2016 she accused some non-government organisations of being involved with activities against the state and called for the government to take action against them. State Minister for Social Welfare Nuruzzaman Ahmed said the government will monitor their activities and that the government was willing to take "drastic action" if the situation demands it.

## InfoBox

| Sagufta Yasmin Emily | |
| --- | --- |
| সাগুফতা ইয়াসমিন এমিলি | |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament
for Munshiganj-2 | |
| **In office**
24 January 2009  6 August 2024 | |
| Preceded by | Mizanur Rahman Sinha |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1962-11-03) 3 November 1962 |
| Nationality | Bangladeshi |
| Political party | Bangladesh Awami League |
|  | |


title: Saya Station

abstract: Saya Station is a railway station in the city of Aisai, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, operated by Meitetsu.

text:
# Saya Station

**Saya Station** (佐屋駅, *Saya-eki*) is a railway station in the city of Aisai, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, operated by Meitetsu.

## Lines

Saya Station is served by the Meitetsu Bisai Line, and is located 4.8 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Yatomi.

## Station layout

The station has a single island platform and a single side platform, connected by a footbridge. The platforms are not even: platform 1 can accommodate trains of eight carriages in length, whereas platforms 2 and 3 are shorter, and can accommodate trains of only up to six carriages. The station has automated ticket machines, Manaca automated turnstiles and is unattended.

### Platforms

| **1** | Bisai Line | for Tsushima, Sukaguchi, Meitetsu-Nagoya, and Meitetsu-Ichinomiya |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2** | Bisai Line | for Yatomi |
| **3** | Bisai Line | for Tsushima, Sukaguchi, Meitetsu-Nagoya, and Meitetsu-Ichinomiya |

## Adjacent stations

| « | | Service | » | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Nagoya Railroad | | | | |
| Bisai Line | | | | |
| Gonosan | | - | Hibino | |

## Station history

Saya Station was opened on April 3, 1898 as the middle of three stations on a section of line by the privately held Bisai Railroad, which was purchased by Meitetsu on August 1, 1925 becoming the Meitetsu Bisai Line.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2017, the station was used by an average of 4,280 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

## Surrounding area

* Saya Junior High School
* Saya Elementary School

## InfoBox

|
Saya Station
佐屋駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Saya Station in August 2012 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Saya-cho Sahara 2277, Aisai-shi, Aichi-ken 496-0902
Japan |
| Coordinates | 35°08′52″N 136°43′02″E / 35.1477°N 136.7173°E / 35.1477; 136.7173 |
| Operated by | Meitetsu |
| Line(s) | Bisai Line |
| Distance | 4.8 kilometers from Yatomi |
| Platforms | 1 side + 1 island platform |
| Other information | |
| Status | Unstaffed |
| Station code | TB09 |
| Website | Official website |
| History | |
| Opened | April 3, 1898 |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY2017 | 4,280 daily |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Saya StationLocation within Aichi PrefectureSaya StationSaya Station (Japan) | |


title: Prime Minister parodies (Private Eye)

abstract: Prime Minister parodies are a long-running feature of the British satirical magazine Private Eye, which have been included in the majority of issues since the magazine's inception. The parodies consist of one arch satirical personification of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of the day, and use that personification to send up continuously that Prime Minister's personality and style of leadership, and the personalities and general features of his or her cabinet. Such are their popularity that the parodies usually find their way into mainstream culture far beyond simply being viewed as a joke within the pages of Private Eye, and are subsequently mentioned often in other journalistic appraisals of the individual in question.

text:
# Prime Minister parodies (Private Eye)

**Prime Minister parodies** are a long-running feature of the British satirical magazine *Private Eye*, which have been included in the majority of issues since the magazine's inception. The parodies consist of one arch satirical personification of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of the day, and use that personification to send up continuously that Prime Minister's personality and style of leadership, and the personalities and general features of his or her cabinet. Such are their popularity that the parodies usually find their way into mainstream culture far beyond simply being viewed as a joke within the pages of *Private Eye*, and are subsequently mentioned often in other journalistic appraisals of the individual in question.

## List by prime minister

### Harold Wilson: Mrs. Wilson's Diary

***Mrs Wilson's Diary*** was the imaginary diary of Prime Minister Harold Wilson's wife Mary, in the style of the BBC radio serial *Mrs Dale's Diary*. Written primarily by John Wells with input from Richard Ingrams and Peter Cook, it chronicled the events in Wilson's life from Mary's more down-to-earth and homely perspective. Mrs Wilson was presented as seeing herself as comfortably middle-class, in contrast to Harold's working-class pretensions (and middle-class actuality), for example the Wincarnis (a brand of tonic wine) and the worsted suits with two pairs of trousers (Wilson was from Huddersfield, a town known for the manufacture of worsted cloth).

The "Diary" caught the mood of the nation in the mid- to late 1960s. The column subsequently appeared as a sketch on satirical television programmes, and was adapted as a musical play under the eye of Joan Littlewood (music by Jeremy Taylor), being performed in the West End. It also inspired a similar feature in the American magazine *National Lampoon* named *Mrs Agnew's Diary*, purporting to be the actual journal of Vice President Spiro Agnew's wife Judy.

### Edward Heath: *Heathco Newsletter*

***Heathco Newsletter*** purported to be an internal missive from Edward Heath, the managing director of a struggling small firm called Heathco, in which Heath keeps his staff up to date and in high spirits with the latest company news. Cabinet ministers were recast as petty managers and clerks in this satire. The company's logo was a stylised yacht (Heath's hobby was yachting). The newsletters invariably ended with a request to staff which admonished them for stubbing their cigarettes out in the plastic cups in which the canteen served them with tea. Frequent reference was made to the malfunctioning of the Automatic Plastic Beaker Disposal Unit, or APBDU.

### James Callaghan

There was no Prime Ministerial parody by *Private Eye* of James Callaghan's government.

### Margaret Thatcher: Dear Bill

***Dear Bill*** consisted of spoof letters from Denis Thatcher to his friend Bill Deedes, editor of the *Daily Telegraph*, about life in 10 Downing Street with Margaret Thatcher. The series portrayed Denis as a sozzled right-wing alcoholic staggering between snifters, with various friends, many of whom, like Bill and Denis, played golf. The putative author was often commanded to accompany his wife ("the Boss") on various tours—at home and abroad; electioneering, political and statesmanlike, plus "**very**" occasional holidays; Denis has his own slant on everywhere he goes, and often meets an old chummo with whom he can partake of a libation or two. The column was written by Richard Ingrams and John Wells. Wells, also a comic actor, developed a sideline as an impersonator of Denis Thatcher. The collected columns were published every year in paperback form.

The parody led to several spin-offs. Wells wrote and starred in a West End stage musical titled *Anyone for Denis* featuring Denis Thatcher's perspective of life at Number Ten with Margaret Thatcher. Wells also collaborated with *Secret Policeman's Ball* series co-creator/producer Martin Lewis and *Not the Nine O'Clock News* series co-creator/producer John Lloyd on the comedy album *Iron Lady: The Coming Of The Leader*. The album was written by Wells who also appeared on it performing multiple characters. Lewis and Lloyd produced. Margaret Thatcher was portrayed by Janet Brown. Wells and Brown repeated their impersonations of the Thatchers in the 1981 James Bond film *For Your Eyes Only*.

### John Major: The Secret Diary of John Major (aged 47¾)

***The Secret Diary of John Major (aged 47¾)*** was a weekly spoof diary entry based on *The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13¾* in which John Major was characterised as being hopelessly naïve and optimistic, as well as childish, dull, weak and obsessed by trivia. "My wife Norman", "Norma Lamont" and "Mr Dr Mawhinney" were recurring characters, and in the later years of his premiership he seemed oblivious to the fact that "Mr Heseltine" was actually running the government. He kept lists of his enemies in a Ryman notebook called his "Bastards Book", referring to his unguarded description of eurosceptic Cabinet members as "Bastards".

The diary reappears occasionally, such as after the revelation of his affair with Edwina Currie, when he was made a Knight of the Garter, and after he attended the funeral of Edward Heath.

### Tony Blair: St Albion Parish News

***St Albion Parish News*** was the newsletter of a fictional parish, "St Albion", in which Tony Blair's religious beliefs and style of public speaking saw him characterised as a trendy yet sanctimonious Church of England vicar. Members of his government were various parish officials, e.g. Gordon Brown as the grumpy parish treasurer, Hazel Blears as the bicycling deliverer of the parish newsletter, and Peter Mandelson as the church warden, in charge of running the parish's Millennium Tent on the village green.

Blair often received updates from his transatlantic confidant, George Bush, from the "Church of the Latter-Day Morons", or a topical variant thereof (such as the "Church of Latter-Day More Bombs" in times of war). From 1997 to 2001, during the presidency of Bill Clinton, the correspondence was described as coming from "The Church of the 7th Day Fornicators" in reference to Clinton's womanising.

In 1998, *Sermon from St. Albion's*, an ITV television series based on the column, was shown. It starred Harry Enfield as the Rev. Blair and was written by *Private Eye* editor Ian Hislop.

### Gordon Brown: Prime Ministerial Decree

***Prime Ministerial Decree*** was a mock Stalinist decree by "supreme leader" Gordon Brown, portrayed as a centralist dictator. Brown continuously hailed the "Age of Change" and often attempted to revise history (playing on Brown's degree in history), making harsh attacks on the "discredited regime" of "former Comrade Blair". The column made much of the Soviet-era tendency to coin philosophies related to certain people, often referring to "Blairist-Mandelsonism", "Osbornist-Cameronian" and other variants.

### David Cameron: The New Coalition Academy/Cameron Free School

During his first premiership, a coalition with the Liberal Democrats, David Cameron (MA Oxon) was portrayed as the headmaster of ***The New Coalition Academy*** (formerly Brown's Comprehensive) along with Deputy Headmaster Nick Clegg (MA Cantab), whose contributions to the school newsletter were invariably cut short "owing to lack of space", often to make room for a gratuitous photograph of the headmaster's attractive wife. The school's motto was "Duo in Uno" and its mission statement was different every issue. Key members of staff included Mr Cable the Business Studies teacher, whose lengthy reports the headmaster often promised "to get round to reading", Mr Osborne the bursar and his assistant Mr Alexander, who had joined the staff "since leaving school last year". The Secretary of State for Defence was the head of the cadets and the Home Secretary the master in charge of detentions. Former Secretary of State for Education Michael Gove was regularly pictured sitting on a child's play chair, dubbed the "naughty chair", for various misdemeanors. Members of the Labour Party were "temporary supply teachers". The election of the Mayor of London was referred to as "auditions for the role of Dick Whittington in the school panto."

Following the 2015 General Election, in which the Conservative Party won an outright majority, the parody school was renamed the ***Cameron Free School***.

### Theresa May: St. Theresa's Independent State Grammar School for Girls (and Boys)

The Cameron Free School was renamed ***St. Theresa's Independent State Grammar School for Girls (and Boys)*** after Theresa May assumed the premiership in 2016. After the 2017 general election and the Conservative–DUP agreement, it added "Incorporating the William III Orange Academy" to its title. The school's coat of arms featured a pair of leopard-print kitten heel women's shoes, parodying a favourite style of May's. In 2017 one of these shoes was replaced by an orange. The school's motto was "*Unitas in Divisione*" (United in Division). In 2018, the ongoing withdrawal from the "European Education Union" led to the school being placed in "special measures." After May's resignation, the school was renamed *St. Somebody's Independent Grammar School for Girls (and Boys), not necessarily incorporating The William III Orange Academy* covered with a banner reading "Temporarily Closed", and a question mark replacing the shoes in the coat of arms.

### Boris Johnson: The People's PMQs

Upon Boris Johnson's accession the school theme was abandoned for the first time since the Tories returned to power, replaced by ***The People's PMQs***, in which the prime minister broadcasts a livestream on Facebook taking questions from members of the public. The article parodies actual question-and-answer sessions that were held by Johnson. Johnson frequently wanders off topic and babbles incoherently, with references to Dominic Cummings (his Special adviser) giving him hand signals from out of frame.

### Prime Minister's WhatsApp

Later in Johnson's premiership, the Facebook element was abandoned in favour of a WhatsApp feed of the Prime Minister and his government called ***The Prime Minister's WhatsApp***. The WhatsApp theme continued during Liz Truss's short period as PM (only a few weeks in 2022), throughout Rishi Sunak's premiership and into Keir Starmer's premiership.

## Audio parodies

The Private Eye recordings issued by the magazine from time-to-time, especially in its first fifteen years, featured comedic impersonations and lampoons of the following Prime Ministers:

The Prime Ministers were impersonated by various members of the *Private Eye* staff and friends, including Peter Cook, John Bird, Richard Ingrams, and Willie Rushton.


title: David Leslie, 3rd Earl of Leven

abstract: David Melville, later Leslie, 3rd Earl of Leven and de jure 2nd Earl of Melville was a Scottish aristocrat, politician, and soldier. The third son of George Melville, 1st Earl of Melville and his second wife Catherine, he shared the Whig political and the Presbyterian religious sympathies of his father. In 1681, with the death of the rival claimant, John Leslie, 1st Duke of Rothes, he was permitted to enter into the Earldom of Leven. In 1683, Leven and his father were suspected of complicity in the Rye House Plot, a Whig conspiracy to assassinate Charles II and his brother James, Duke of York. To escape arrest they fled to the Netherlands where they joined the band of British Protestant exiles at the court of Prince William of Orange. Here Leven was used by William to obtain the support of German princes for his invasion of England in 1688, Leven himself having raised a regiment for that invasion, in the course of which he received the surrender of the town of Plymouth in south Devonshire. He became a Privy Councillor of Scotland in 1689, and fought at the Battle of Killiecrankie that year. He also served as Keeper of Edinburgh Castle between 1689 and 1702, and again between 1704 and 1712. Leven was also a Commissioner for the Pacification of the Highlands from 1689. Leven served as Governor of the Bank of Scotland between 1697 and 1728, and in 1702 was promoted to brigadier-general, followed by major-general in 1704. He became Master of the Scottish Ordnance in 1705, and Commander-in-Chief, Scotland in 1706. Also in 1706 he was elected one of the representative peers to sit in the House of Lords after the Acts of Union in 1707 abolished the Parliament of Scotland. He became a lieutenant-general in 1707. He became a Commissioner for the Union in 1707 and was one of the original Representative Peers for Scotland from 1707 until 1710. He was dismissed from all offices in 1712. He succeeded his father as Earl of Melville on 20 May 1707, but did not use the title.

text:
# David Leslie, 3rd Earl of Leven

**David Melville**, later **Leslie, 3rd Earl of Leven** and *de jure* **2nd Earl of Melville** (5 May 1660  6 June 1728) was a Scottish aristocrat, politician, and soldier.

The third son of George Melville, 1st Earl of Melville and his second wife Catherine, he shared the Whig political and the Presbyterian religious sympathies of his father. In 1681, with the death of the rival claimant, John Leslie, 1st Duke of Rothes, he was permitted to enter into the Earldom of Leven.

In 1683, Leven and his father were suspected of complicity in the Rye House Plot, a Whig conspiracy to assassinate Charles II and his brother James, Duke of York. To escape arrest they fled to the Netherlands where they joined the band of British Protestant exiles at the court of Prince William of Orange.

Here Leven was used by William to obtain the support of German princes for his invasion of England in 1688, Leven himself having raised a regiment for that invasion, in the course of which he received the surrender of the town of Plymouth in south Devonshire. He became a Privy Councillor of Scotland in 1689, and fought at the Battle of Killiecrankie that year. He also served as Keeper of Edinburgh Castle between 1689 and 1702, and again between 1704 and 1712. Leven was also a Commissioner for the Pacification of the Highlands from 1689.

Leven served as Governor of the Bank of Scotland between 1697 and 1728, and in 1702 was promoted to brigadier-general, followed by major-general in 1704. He became Master of the Scottish Ordnance in 1705, and Commander-in-Chief, Scotland in 1706. Also in 1706 he was elected one of the representative peers to sit in the House of Lords after the Acts of Union in 1707 abolished the Parliament of Scotland. He became a lieutenant-general in 1707. He became a Commissioner for the Union in 1707 and was one of the original Representative Peers for Scotland from 1707 until 1710. He was dismissed from all offices in 1712.

He succeeded his father as Earl of Melville on 20 May 1707, but did not use the title.


title: Seán Ryan (Irish politician)

abstract: Seán Ryan is an Irish former Labour Party politician. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for Dublin North from 1989 to 1997 and 1998 to 2007. Ryan was born in Dublin and educated at North Strand Vocational School, the College of Technology, Bolton Street, the College of Industrial Relations, and the School of Management, Rathmines College of Commerce. Ryan was formerly Production Controller and Work Study Supervisor with CIÉ and Iarnród Éireann before entering into full-time politics. In 1985 he was elected to Fingal County Council. Ryan was first elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1989 general election, serving until the 1997 general election when he lost his seat. He was subsequently elected to Seanad Éireann, but was re-elected to the 28th Dáil at the Dublin North by-election on 11 March 1998, following the resignation of Fianna Fáil TD Ray Burke. The by-election for his Seanad seat was won by Fianna Fáil's John Cregan. Ryan was re-elected to the Dáil at the 2002 election and was the Labour Party spokesperson on Older People's Issues from 2002 to 2007. In 2005 he stated that he did not intend to stand at the following general election. His brother Brendan Ryan was selected to stand as the Labour Party candidate in Dublin North for the next election, but was not elected.

text:
# Seán Ryan (Irish politician)

**Seán Ryan** (born 27 January 1943) is an Irish former Labour Party politician. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for Dublin North from 1989 to 1997 and 1998 to 2007.

Ryan was born in Dublin and educated at North Strand Vocational School, the College of Technology, Bolton Street, the College of Industrial Relations, and the School of Management, Rathmines College of Commerce. Ryan was formerly Production Controller and Work Study Supervisor with CIÉ and Iarnród Éireann before entering into full-time politics.

In 1985 he was elected to Fingal County Council. Ryan was first elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1989 general election, serving until the 1997 general election when he lost his seat. He was subsequently elected to Seanad Éireann, but was re-elected to the 28th Dáil at the Dublin North by-election on 11 March 1998, following the resignation of Fianna Fáil TD Ray Burke. The by-election for his Seanad seat was won by Fianna Fáil's John Cregan.

Ryan was re-elected to the Dáil at the 2002 election and was the Labour Party spokesperson on Older People's Issues from 2002 to 2007.

In 2005 he stated that he did not intend to stand at the following general election. His brother Brendan Ryan was selected to stand as the Labour Party candidate in Dublin North for the next election, but was not elected.

## InfoBox

| Seán Ryan | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Teachta Dála | |
| **In office**
March 1998  May 2007 | |
| **In office**
June 1989  June 1997 | |
| Constituency | Dublin North |
| Senator | |
| **In office**
17 September 1997  11 March 1998 | |
| Constituency | Labour Panel |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1943-01-27) 27 January 1943
Dublin, Ireland |
| Political party | Labour |
| Relatives | Brendan Ryan (brother) |
| Alma mater | Dublin Institute of Technology |
|  | |


abstract: The 6th Kazakhstan President Cup was played from May 9 to May 13, 2013, in Astana. 8 youth teams participated in the tournament

text:
# 2013 Kazakhstan President Cup (football)

**The 6th Kazakhstan President Cup** was played from May 9 to May 13, 2013, in Astana. 8 youth teams participated in the tournament (players were born no earlier than 1997.)

## Participants

| Team | Group | Result | Participation in a tournament | In a row | Last participation | The best result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Azerbaijan | В | 4th | 3 | 3 | 2012 | Winner (2011) |
| Botafogo | B | 7th | 1 | 1 | debut | debut |
| China | A | 8th | 1 | 1 | debut | debut |
| Georgia | B | 5th | 3 | 3 | 2012 | 5th (2011) |
| Iran | B | 2nd | 3 | 3 | 2012 | Winner (2012) |
| Kazakhstan | А | **Winner** | 3 | 3 | 2012 | 3rd (2012) |
| Kyrgyzstan | A | 6th | 1 | 1 | debut | debut |
| Lithuania | A | 3rd | 1 | 1 | debut | debut |

## Venues

All games took place in the Astana Arena.

| Astana Arena | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Astana Arena |
| Attendance: **30,200** |
|  | Astana Arena | |

## Format

The tournament was held in two stages. In the first stage, eight teams were divided into two groups (A and B). The first stage was held on a round robin basis. The winners of the groups advanced to the final, while the group runners-up met to determine third place.

## Group stage

*All times UTC+6*

### Group A

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kazakhstan | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | +5 | **9** |
| Lithuania | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | **4** |
| Kyrgyzstan | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | **4** |
| China | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 4 | **0** |

| Kyrgyzstan | 0  0 | Lithuania |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Astana Arena, AstanaAttendance: 100

---

| Kazakhstan | 1  0 | China |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Andreyev  23' |  |  |

Astana Arena, AstanaAttendance: 7500

---

| China | 1  2 | Lithuania |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Kuerban  52' |  | 28' Baniulis
38' Macivaličius |

Astana Arena, AstanaAttendance: 500

---

| Kazakhstan | 3  0 | Kyrgyzstan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Lyukhai  14' (pen.)
Gladchenko  19'
Vasilyev  36' |  |  |

Astana Arena, AstanaAttendance: 4500

---

| China | 1  3 | Kyrgyzstan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Yirmake  12' |  | 14'  60' Kelm
36' Nurdinov |

Astana Arena, AstanaAttendance: 250

---

| Kazakhstan | 1  0 | Lithuania |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Lyukhai  51' |  |  |

Astana Arena, AstanaAttendance: 2000

### Group B

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Iran | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | +5 | **7** |
| Azerbaijan | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 3 | +1 | **6** |
| Georgia | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | **4** |
| Botafogo | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 6 | **0** |

| Georgia | 1  2 | Azerbaijan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Arabidze  46' |  | 66' Jabrailov
73' Huseynov |

Astana Arena, AstanaAttendance: 500

---

| Iran | 3  0 | Botafogo |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Aftari  21'
Niari  44'
Soltanpur  65' |  |  |

Astana Arena, AstanaAttendance: 500

---

| Botafogo | 0  2 | Azerbaijan |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | 8'  15' Jabrailov |

Astana Arena, AstanaAttendance: 500

---

| Iran | 0  0 | Georgia |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Astana Arena, AstanaAttendance: 250

---

| Botafogo | 1  2 | Georgia |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Makuov  27' |  | 45' Ardazashvili
65' Kvantaliani |

Astana Arena, AstanaAttendance: 300

---

| Azerbaijan | 0  2 | Iran |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | 43' Dagestani
80' Soltanpur |

Astana Arena, AstanaAttendance: 200

## Match for the 7th place

| Botafogo | 4  2 | China |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Tynybek  21'
Mukanov  23'
Oralbay  33'
Saifullin  68' |  | 50'  60' Muzaiper |

Astana Arena, AstanaAttendance: 200

## Match for the 5th place

| Georgia | 6  0 | Kyrgyzstan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Kvantaliani  1'  66'  69'
Arveladze  31'
Arabidze  49'
Bugridze  78' |  |  |

Astana Arena, AstanaAttendance: 200

## Bronze medal match

| Azerbaijan | 1  2 | Lithuania |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Jafarov  74' |  | 63' Baniulis
79' Dominicas |

Astana Arena, AstanaAttendance: 300

## Final

| Kazakhstan | 1  0 | Iran |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Kotov  72' |  |  |

Astana Arena, AstanaAttendance: 5000

## Statistics

### Goalscorers

4 goals   3 goals   2 goals   1 goal

### Awards

* **The best player of the tournament**

Kazakhstan Vladislav Vasilyev

* **Goalscorer of the tournament**

Georgia Nika Kvantaliani (4 goals)

* **The best goalkeeper of the tournament**

Kazakhstan Oleg Grubov

* **The best defender of the tournament**

Lithuania Ričardas Šveikauskas

* **The best midfielder of the tournament**

Azerbaijan Roman Huseynov

* **The best forward of the tournament**

Iran Vahid Aftari

### Prize money

According to the FFK, the prize fund was US$20,000. The teams which finished 1st, 2nd and 3rd received, respectively, 10,000, 6,000 and 4,000 dollars.

## InfoBox

2013 Kazakhstan President Cup
| Қазақстан Республикасы Президентінің Кубогы
2013 | |
| --- | --- |
| Tournament details | |
| Host country | Kazakhstan |
| Dates | 9 – 13 May 2013 (5 days) |
| Teams | 8 (from 2 confederations) |
| Venue(s) | 1 (in 1 host city) |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Kazakhstan (1st title) |
| Runners-up | Iran |
| Third place | Lithuania |
| Fourth place | Azerbaijan |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 16 |
| Goals scored | 41 (2.56 per match) |
| Attendance | 22,300 (1,394 per match) |
| Top scorer(s) | Nika Kvantaliani
(4 goals) |
| Best player(s) | Vladislav Vasilyev |
| Best goalkeeper | Oleg Grubov |
|


title: 131st Aviation Regiment (United States)

abstract: The 131st Aviation Regiment is a regiment of the United States Army, constituted under the United States Army Regimental System. The 131st Aviation Regiment traces its history to the 31st Aviation Battalion. The battalion was organized 1 October 1986 from new and existing units in the Alabama, District of Columbia, and Florida Army National Guard as the 31st Aviation Battalion with headquarters at Montgomery, Alabama. Reorganized and redesignated 1 October 1987 as the 131st Aviation, a parent regiment under the United States Army Regimental System, to consist of the 1st Battalion and Companies E and F. Reorganized 1 September 1990 in the Alabama and Colorado Army National Guard to consist of the 1st Battalion and Companies E and F. Reorganized 1 September 1995 in the Alabama, Colorado, and Georgia Army National Guard to consist of the 1st Battalion and Companies E and F. The 1/131st flew the CH-47 Chinook and UH-60 Blackhawk helicopters in the late 1990s.

text:
# 131st Aviation Regiment (United States)

The **131st Aviation Regiment** is a regiment of the United States Army, constituted under the United States Army Regimental System.

The 131st Aviation Regiment traces its history to the 31st Aviation Battalion. The battalion was organized 1 October 1986 from new and existing units in the Alabama, District of Columbia, and Florida Army National Guard as the 31st Aviation Battalion with headquarters at Montgomery, Alabama. Reorganized and redesignated 1 October 1987 as the 131st Aviation, a parent regiment under the United States Army Regimental System, to consist of the 1st Battalion and Companies E and F. Reorganized 1 September 1990 in the Alabama and Colorado Army National Guard to consist of the 1st Battalion and Companies E and F. Reorganized 1 September 1995 in the Alabama, Colorado, and Georgia Army National Guard to consist of the 1st Battalion and Companies E and F.

The 1/131st flew the CH-47 Chinook and UH-60 Blackhawk helicopters in the late 1990s.

## Structure

## 1st Battalion

The **1st Battalion (Assault), 131st Aviation Regiment** is a U.S. Army helicopter battalion. The unit first deployed to Kuwait in 1998 in support of "Operation Desert Fox." After several rotations in Kuwait the unit then entered Kosovo in 2003 (KFOR-5A) in support of "Operation Enduring Freedom". It deployed to Iraq in September 2006 as a subordinate unit of Task Force Mustang as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom and also in June 2011 as a part of Task Force Nomad in support of Operation New Dawn. The battalion currently flies UH-60 Blackhawk aircraft. It is home based at Dannelly Field, Alabama, and Mobile, Alabama as part of the Alabama Army National Guard 122d Troop Command.

In 2006 the battalion was made up as follows:

* HHC – Headquarters and Headquarters Company "Palehorse"
* Company A – "Death's Angels" – UH-60 Blackhawk – Flight Company – Hope Hull, AL
* Company B – "Mobile Mafia" – UH-60 Blackhawk - Flight Company – Mobile, AL
* Company C – "Killdevils" – UH-60 Blackhawk - Flight Company, (North Carolina Army National Guard).
* Company D – "Ghostriders" – Aviation Maintenance Company – Hope Hull, AL
* Company E – "Diamondbacks" - Forward Support Company - Hope Hull, AL

After several months of Theater Immersion Training at Fort Hood, Texas and Fort Sill, Oklahoma, the composite battalion deploying to Iraq were certified "Fit to Fight" by Lt. Gen. Russel L. Honoré, commanding general, First U.S. Army, on 30 July 2006. The unit shipped to Kuwait in late summer 2006, completed "boots on the ground" training at Camp Buehring, and entered Iraq in September as one of five battalions of Task Force Mustang in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. The battalion principally flew out of Balad Air Base (AKA) Camp Anaconda) and flew missions all over Iraq.

As a unit of Task Force Mustang, the 1st Battalion 131st Aviation consisted primarily of Alabama Army National Guard personnel, but also includes Army aviation guard personnel from additional states including an entire company from Arkansas.

Whilst in Iraq their command chain included Combat Aviation Brigade, 36th Infantry Division
4th Infantry Division
III Corps (United States).

## InfoBox

| 131st Aviation Regiment | |
| --- | --- |
| 131st Aviation Regiment distinctive unit insignia | |
| Active | 1987 – present |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | Army National Guard |
| Type | Aviation Battalion (Assault) |
| Part of | 131st Aviation Brigade |
| Garrison/HQ | Dannelly Field, Montgomery, Alabama |


title: Canals in Australia

abstract: There are few canals in Australia. Of the canals constructed, only a small number are navigable waterways. The following list provides a summary of known navigable waterways and other types of constructed or artificial waterways in Australia.

text:
# Canals in Australia

There are few **canals in Australia**. Of the canals constructed, only a small number are navigable waterways. The following list provides a summary of known navigable waterways and other types of constructed or artificial waterways in Australia.

## New South Wales

### Alexandra Canal

**Alexandra Canal** is a tributary of the Cooks River, in southern Sydney, which was constructed along a 4-kilometre (2.5 mi) route from the inner Sydney suburb of Alexandria, through the St Peters and Mascot, past Sydney's Sydney Airport to the Cooks River at Tempe, eventually discharging into Botany Bay. The canal is 60 metres (200 ft) wide, increasing to 80 metres (260 ft) at its mouth and is one of only two navigable canals constructed in New South Wales.

### Hawthorne Canal

**Hawthorne Canal** is an artificial waterway on a southern tributary of the Parramatta River, west of Sydney Harbour. It was constructed from January 1890 to improve drainage and provide ferry access operated by the Drummoyne – Leichhardt Ferry Company.

### Berry's Canal

**Berry's Canal** was Australia's first transport canal. In June 1822, Alexander Berry sailed his 15-tonne cutter Blanche from Sydney 150 km down the south coast to the Shoalhaven loaded with tools and provisions. Hamilton Hume, who later became a well-known explorer, was also on board. On 21 June 1822, the entrance to Shoalhaven Heads appeared dangerous and four men volunteered to test it in the cutter's boat. The boat capsized drowning two of the men. Berry then sailed up the Crookhaven River but was stopped by a sand spit. Undaunted, the crew hauled the Blanche across the spit. Four days later Hamilton Hume was left with three men at the isthmus to cut a passage using only hand tools. The canal, which was 191 m long, was completed in 12 days. This was the first transport canal to be cut in Australia. The river has since cut the passage wider and deeper to its present dimensions, making it now the real entrance to the Shoalhaven River.

### Mulwala Canal

**Mulwala Canal** is an irrigation canal in the Southern Riverina region of New South Wales, and is the largest irrigation canal in the Southern Hemisphere. The canal, starting at Lake Mulwala, diverts water from the Murray River across the Southern Riverina plain to the Edward River at Deniliquin. The canal is 2880 km long. The channel has an offtake capacity of 10,000 megalitres (ML) per day and annually supplies over 1,000,000 ML to 700,000 hectares (1,700,000 acres) in the Murray Irrigation Area. Constructed between 1935 and 1943, the canal not only provides water for agriculture, but also for the towns of Berrigan, Finley, Bunnaloo and Wakool.

### North Creek Canal

A short canal was built linking North Creek to the Richmond River at Ballina to allow cane barges to reach the sugar mill at Broadwater without having to pass near the difficult and unstable bar at the mouth of the Richmond River. Although no longer used for this purpose, it remains a navigable waterway.

## Queensland

### Schulz Canal

**Schulz Canal** is an artificial waterway in Nundah, Queensland that enters Moreton Bay. It was constructed in the 1940s as a flood mitigation measure and is named after Toombul shire alderman William Schulz.

## Tasmania

### Denison Canal

The **Denison Canal** is a man-made waterway at Dunalley in southern Tasmania across the East Bay Neck of the Tasman Peninsula. It was constructed in 1905 to shorten the fishing and trade routes between the east coast and Hobart. It is named after Governor William Denison.

42°53′24″S 147°48′28″E / 42.890052°S 147.807655°E / -42.890052; 147.807655

## Victoria

### Coode Canal

The **Coode Canal** was constructed in 1886–92, to designs for Sir John Coode by the Melbourne Harbor Trust to shorten and straighten the route up the Yarra River to Melbourne's docks.

### Sale Canal

The **Sale Canal** was commenced in the 1880s, to a design of Sir John Coode linking the town via the Thomson River and the Gippsland Lakes to the open sea. It was completed in 1890, with the Sale Swing Bridge built in 1883 across the canal along with a high wharf, and a launching ramp. It is longest true canal in Australia at about 5 km long.

### Coal Canal, West Melbourne

The **Coal Canal** was constructed in the 1870s and 80s, initially as part of the drainage works for reclaiming the West Melbourne Swamp, and was enlarged to allow coal barges to unload imported coal for the North Melbourne Locomotive Depot.

### Elwood Canal

The **Elwood Canal** began construction in May 1889 under the supervision of municipal engineer Carlo Catani (22 April 185220 July 1918). The Elwood area was originally low-lying wetlands surrounding Elster Creek until the canal was constructed to drain the wetlands and make it a habitable area. Construction commenced in May 1889, with the contractors, Messrs Hendon, Clarke & Anderson, engaging sixty workmen at a cost of £14,000.

### Maribyrnong Explosives Magazine Canal

The **Marbyrnong Explosives Magazine Canal** was constructed in 1875-76 and opened in 1878, as part of the large Victorian government explosives reserve, known as *Jack's Magazine*. The magazine was intended for bonded storage of all gunpowder coming into the colony, and was used for both military and industry, in particular the growing hard rock mining industry. Barges transferred explosives from ships in Hobsons Bay up the Maribyrnong River and into the 400m long canal then, offload at the canal dock just outside the magazine walls. A tramway also ran along the length of the canal, with another section going from the loading dock into the magazine proper.

37°46′51″S 144°53′46″E / 37.780823°S 144.896171°E / -37.780823; 144.896171

## Western Australia

### Burswood Canal

**Burswood Canal** was constructed in the 1830s across a meander bend of the Swan River at Burswood. It was made to shorten the journey on the Swan river, between Fremantle and Guildford.

It is bridged by the south western railway. and a road bridge was built as well.


title: Ervin Hervé-Lóránth

abstract: Ervin Hervé-Lóránth, often known mononymously as Hervé, is a Hungarian visual artist and creator of several Hungarian and international art exhibitions. He currently serves as a cultural attaché of Hungary. He is also a cultural anthropologist, and an interior architect. The sculptures have been referred to as temporary art, but Hervé-Lóránth refers to his outdoor sculptures as "public surprises".

text:
# Ervin Hervé-Lóránth

**Ervin Hervé-Lóránth** (born 15 January 1969), often known mononymously as **Hervé**, is a Hungarian visual artist and creator of several Hungarian and international art exhibitions. He currently serves as a cultural attaché of Hungary. He is also a cultural anthropologist, and an interior architect. The sculptures have been referred to as temporary art, but Hervé-Lóránth refers to his outdoor sculptures as "public surprises".

## Early life

Hervé-Lóránth was born on 15 January 1969. In 1999 he established the Hervé Design School of Art and Media. In 2010 he started his own gallery, which he named the Hervé Gallery.

## Sculptures

Hervé-Lóránth often displays temporary sculptures in public places, often giant human figures. He calls his works "public surprise". In 2014 Ervin created a giant temporary outdoor sculpture titled *Feltépve* (*Ripped Up*). The work was displayed in Széchenyi Square in Budapest. The sculpture was a collaboration between Hervé-Lóránth and Gallery Out of Home. It was considered temporary because it was made from polystyrene." The sculpture portrayed an angry-faced giant who appears to be waking up and emerging from the ground. The exhibit invited visitors to interact and take selfies with the artwork.

In 2015 Herve exhibited a four-ton 7.5-metre-tall (25 ft) sculpture modeled after Robert Capa's photograph *The Falling Soldier*. The statue, displayed in Széchenyi Square, Budapest, depicted a seated soldier with his head tilted back as if he had been shot.

In 2018, Hervé-Lóránth placed a giant polystyrene human figure in the Piazza del Popolo in Capena, ( ROMA). It was a 9-metre (30 ft) sculpture of a man leaning on a ruined wall. The face of the figure was not distinguishable.

## Reception

In 2014, Hervé-Lóránth's sculpture *Strappato* (*Popped Up*) received an award for the best artwork in the world placed in a public area. The sculpture was featured in *Architectural Digest*'s list of the 28 "most fascinating public sculptures".

Hervé-Lóránth's 2015 statue inspired by Capa's *The Falling Soldier* received criticism. Karip Timi, writing for *Index*, called the sculpture a "crappy giant". *Origo* stated that "consensus among the commentators was that the statue was ugly". The sculpture was later demolished.

## InfoBox

| Ervin Hervé-Lóránth | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1969-01-15) 15 January 1969<br>Szeged, Hungarian People's Republic |
| Occupation | Artist |
| Years active | 1999–present |
| Known for | Giant human sculptures |
| Notable work | *Feltépve* (2014) |
| Website | Official website |


abstract: The Women's 200 metre butterfly competition of the 2014 European Aquatics Championships was held on 23–24 August.

text:
# Swimming at the 2014 European Aquatics Championships – Women's 200 metre butterfly

The **Women's 200 metre butterfly** competition of the 2014 European Aquatics Championships was held on 23–24 August.

## Records

Prior to the competition, the existing world, European and championship records were as follows.

|  | Name | Nation | Time | Location | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **World record** | Liu Zige | China | 2:01.81 | Jinan | 20 October 2009 |
| **European record** | Katinka Hosszú | Hungary | 2:04.27 | Rome | 29 July 2009 |
| **Championship record** | Otylia Jędrzejczak | Poland | 2:05.78 | Berlin | 4 August 2002 |

## Results

### Heats

The heats were held at 09:51.

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 3 | 4 | Mireia Belmonte | Spain | 2:08.41 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | 4 | Zsuzsanna Jakabos | Hungary | 2:08.73 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | 6 | Martina van Berkel | Switzerland | 2:08.81 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | 4 | Katinka Hosszú | Hungary | 2:08.91 | Q |
| 5 | 3 | 5 | Judit Ignacio Sorribes | Spain | 2:09.21 | Q |
| 6 | 2 | 5 | Franziska Hentke | Germany | 2:10.60 | Q |
| 7 | 2 | 7 | Anja Klinar | Slovenia | 2:10.63 | Q |
| 8 | 2 | 3 | Evelyn Verrasztó | Hungary | 2:10.97 |  |
| 9 | 3 | 3 | Aimee Willmott | Great Britain | 2:11.56 | Q (DNS) |
| 10 | 1 | 2 | Lara Grangeon | France | 2:11.64 | Q |
| 11 | 3 | 6 | Alessia Polieri | Italy | 2:11.77 | Q |
| 12 | 1 | 3 | Jemma Lowe | Great Britain | 2:11.86 | Q |
| 13 | 1 | 7 | Keren Siebner | Israel | 2:12.19 | Q |
| 14 | 1 | 5 | Stefania Pirozzi | Italy | 2:12.36 | Q |
| 15 | 3 | 7 | Marie Wattel | France | 2:12.68 | Q |
| 16 | 3 | 2 | Danielle Villars | Switzerland | 2:12.70 | Q |
| 17 | 2 | 2 | Yana Martynova | Russia | 2:13.66 | Q |
| 18 | 3 | 1 | Barbora Závadová | Czech Republic | 2:13.71 | Q (Sub) |
| 19 | 3 | 0 | Sycerika McMahon | Ireland | 2:13.75 |  |
| 20 | 2 | 6 | Sharon Rouwendaal | Netherlands | 2:14.10 |  |
| 21 | 2 | 1 | Tanja Kylliaeinen | Finland | 2:16.56 |  |
| 22 | 2 | 8 | Bianca Izabella | Romania | 2:17.80 |  |
| 23 | 3 | 8 | Isabelle Mabboux | France | 2:18.57 |  |
| 24 | 1 | 8 | Lisa Stamm | Switzerland | 2:19.35 |  |
| 25 | 1 | 1 | Alena Benešová | Czech Republic | 2:21.08 |  |

### Semifinals

The semifinals were held at 17:13.

#### Semifinal 1

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 5 | Katinka Hosszú | Hungary | 2:08.83 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | Franziska Hentke | Germany | 2:09.03 | Q |
| 3 | 4 | Zsuzsanna Jakabos | Hungary | 2:09.19 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | Alessia Polieri | Italy | 2:10.31 | Q |
| 5 | 8 | Yana Martynova | Russia | 2:10.70 |  |
| 6 | 1 | Marie Wattel | France | 2:12.35 |  |
| 7 | 6 | Barbora Závadová | Czech Republic | 2:13.10 |  |
| 8 | 7 | Keren Siebner | Israel | 2:14.74 |  |

#### Semifinal 2

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Mireia Belmonte | Spain | 2:06.53 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | Judit Ignacio Sorribes | Spain | 2:07.44 | Q |
| 3 | 5 | Martina van Berkel | Switzerland | 2:08.45 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | Stefania Pirozzi | Italy | 2:08.96 | Q |
| 5 | 7 | Jemma Lowe | Great Britain | 2:10.49 |  |
| 6 | 6 | Anja Klinar | Slovenia | 2:10.76 |  |
| 7 | 2 | Lara Grangeon | France | 2:12.86 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Danielle Villars | Switzerland | 2:13.44 |  |

### Final

The final was held at 16:20.

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 4 | Mireia Belmonte | Spain | 2:04.79 | CR |
|  | 5 | Judit Ignacio Sorribes | Spain | 2:06.66 |  |
|  | 6 | Katinka Hosszú | Hungary | 2:07.28 |  |
| 4 | 1 | Zsuzsanna Jakabos | Hungary | 2:08.03 |  |
| 5 | 2 | Stefania Pirozzi | Italy | 2:08.31 |  |
| 6 | 7 | Franziska Hentke | Germany | 2:08.93 |  |
| 7 | 3 | Martina van Berkel | Switzerland | 2:10.28 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Alessia Polieri | Italy | 2:11.58 |  |

## InfoBox

| Women's 200 Metre Butterfly <br>at the Swimming at the 2014 European Aquatics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 23–24 August |
| Competitors | 25 from 16 nations |
| Winning time | 2:04.79 |
| Medalists | |
| Spain  Spain  Hungary | |


title: Broken Chains (film)

abstract: Broken Chains is a 1922 American silent melodrama film directed by Allen Holubar. Starring Colleen Moore, Malcolm McGregor, and Ernest Torrence, it was based on the winning story from a scenario contest held by the Goldwyn Pictures Corporation and the Chicago Daily News. A print of Broken Chains is preserved at the George Eastman House archive.

text:
# Broken Chains (film)

***Broken Chains*** is a 1922 American silent melodrama film directed by Allen Holubar. Starring Colleen Moore, Malcolm McGregor, and Ernest Torrence, it was based on the winning story from a scenario contest held by the Goldwyn Pictures Corporation and the *Chicago Daily News*. A print of *Broken Chains* is preserved at the George Eastman House archive.

## Plot

Wealthy Peter Wyndham is useless in attempting to prevent the theft of Hortense Allen's jewelry. A butler is killed during the robbery, and, unable to face his cowardice, Peter heads west. He takes a job working for his father's lumber mill. Meanwhile, elsewhere, Mercy Boone's newborn child has died. Boyan Boone, her husband, is callous towards the loss. He is a thug and ne'er-do-well, with a band of thieves working with him. When Mercy attempts to escape, she meets Peter before Boyan returns her to his cabin where he chains her. Peter finds her and they begin a romance under Boyan's nose. Boyan learns and beats up Peter, who summons the strength to fight him for the honor of Mercy.

## Cast

## Production

The *Chicago Daily News*, together with The Goldwyn Company, held a national scenario writing contest in 1921; first prize was $10,000 and a Goldwyn production based on the story. Among 27,000 entries, Winifred Kimball's "Broken Chains" was selected. The story was then given to experienced scenarist Carey Wilson to make it ready for filming.

Allen Holubar was borrowed from Associated First National for the project. Colleen Moore was the first actor to be cast. Stories in the trade press suggested concerns as to whether she would be equal to the heavily dramatic role, but her prior work was not limited to comedy and she had not been typecast. The role was expected to be her big break but failed to establish her as a star.

Casting was complete by June and filming was started. Portions of the film were shot in Northern California, near Santa Cruz in an area known as Poverty Flats. By August photography was completed.

## Reception

*Broken Chains* premiered December 10, 1922, in New York and Los Angeles, and went into general release December 24.

The *Variety* reviewer devoted several paragraphs to criticizing the climactic fight scene, calling it "preposterous" and reporting that the audience made fun of it. The plot overall was called "conventional"; however, the cast was commended. The review in *The Film Daily* found the scenario disappointing and opined, "The theme suffers severely from extreme characterization in each of the principal people." The reviewer advised exhibitors that the film "will satisfy those who still like the old-fashioned type of meller" and called the posters good looking.

In contrast, a review in *Photodramatist*, a magazine aimed at writers, praised both the story and the production: "There is the consummate handling of a subtle and really difficult theme, the sure touch in characterizations which so easily could have slipped into burlesque and bathos, the rapid piling of suspense on peril until the cumulative effect is terrific." A critic for the *Santa Cruz Evening News*, locale of the exterior filming, singled out Moore for praise: "Colleen Moore ... attains new laurels as an emotional actress. Her work is thoroughly convincing during the difficult sequences ..."

Notes Citations  1. Bennett, Carl, ed. (March 29, 2015). "Broken Chains". *Progressive Silent Film List*. Retrieved September 30, 2015  via silent Era.
2. Morey, Anne. "Have You The Power?". In Gregg Bachman; Thomas J. Slater (eds.). *American Silent Film: Discovering Marginalized Voices*. SIU Press. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-8093-8910-0.
3. "The Chicago Daily News $30,000 Scenario Contest (advertisement)". *The Literary Digest*. **70** (11): 67. September 10, 1921.
4. "27,000 Scenarios". *The Film Daily*. **XX** (5): 1–2. April 5, 1922. Retrieved September 30, 2015  via Internet Archive.
5. "Colleen Moore Will Play Lead in Prize Scenario Production". *Deseret News*. June 1, 1922. p. VII. Retrieved September 30, 2015.
6. "Coast Film News". Pictures. *Variety*. **LXVI** (12): 34. May 12, 1922. Retrieved September 30, 2015  via Internet Archive.
7. "Holubar to Make One for Goldwyn". *The Film Daily*. **XX** (28): 1. April 28, 1922. Retrieved September 30, 2015  via Internet Archive.
8. "Green Room Jottings". *Motion Picture*. **XXIV** (10): 83. November 1922.
9. Golden, Eve (2000). *Golden Images: 41 Essays on Silent Film Stars*. McFarland. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-7864-8354-9. No one knew quite what to do with her: Was she an ingenue ... an action heroine ... a comic ... a dramatic leading lady?
10. Codori, Jeff (2012). *Colleen Moore: A Biography of the Silent Film Star*. McFarland. pp. 104–105. ISBN 978-0-7864-4969-9.
11. Young, Ann (1998). "Early Film Studios in Santa Cruz County". *Santa Cruz County History*. Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Retrieved October 13, 2010.
12. "Broken Chains". *Catalog of Feature Films*. American Film Institute. Retrieved September 30, 2015.
13. "Broken Chains". *Variety*. **LXIX** (4): 40. December 15, 1922. Retrieved September 30, 2015  via Internet Archive.
14. "Disappointing For a Scenario That Brought the Writer $10,000". *The Film Daily*. **XXII** (76): 13. December 17, 1922. Retrieved September 30, 2015  via Internet Archive.
15. Johnson, Sheldon Krag (January 1923). "Breaking in From the Top". *Photodramatist*: 21–24, 30. Retrieved September 30, 2015  via Internet Archive.
16. "Colleen Moore Wins Laurels in 'Broken Chains'". *Santa Cruz Evening News*. March 20, 1923. p. 4. Retrieved September 30, 2015  via Santa Cruz Public Libraries.

## InfoBox

| Broken Chains | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical poster | |
| Directed by | Allen Holubar |
| Screenplay by | Carey Wilson
Tay Garnett |
| Story by | Winifred Kimball |
| Produced by | Allen Holubar |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Byron Haskin |
| Production
company | Goldwyn Pictures Corporation |
| Distributed by | Goldwyn Distributing Company |
| Release date | * December 10, 1922 (1922-12-10) |
| Running time | 70 mins |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Silent
English intertitles |