title: CY-1

abstract: The CY-1 is a Chinese anti-submarine rocket carried on a variety of surface platforms, including the Luda class missile destroyers and Jiangwei class missile frigates. A series of CY ASW missiles have been developed based on CY-1. To date only a small number of CY-1 is known to have been produced and deployed on trial basis, despite the fact that it had first appeared on the defense exhibitions held in China in the late 1980s.

text:
# CY-1

The **CY-1** (Chang Ying 长缨, *Long Tassel*, often erroneously referred as *Chian Yu*, 剑鱼, or *Swordfish*) is a Chinese anti-submarine rocket carried on a variety of surface platforms, including the Luda class missile destroyers and Jiangwei class missile frigates. A series of CY ASW missiles have been developed based on CY-1. To date only a small number of CY-1 is known to have been produced and deployed on trial basis, despite the fact that it had first appeared on the defense exhibitions held in China in the late 1980s.

## CY-1

The CY-1 is believed to similar in operation to the U.S. Navy ASROC. There is little information available regarding the development history, performance, and exact status of the missile, but it is understood that a few of the missiles were deployed on the PLA Navy Type 051 (Luda class) destroyers and Type 052H2G (Jiangwei-I class) frigates. The CY-1 is basically an anti-submarine torpedo of either the ET52 or Yu-7 class, delivered by a ballistic rocket. The delivery vehicle features four small stabilising fins and four control surfaces, and is powered by a solid-fuel rocket motor. The maximum range claimed by the developer was 10 nautical miles (or 18 km).

Based on the limited information released by the manufacturers as well as the Chinese own claim, the CY-1 is not an ASW missile as it is often referred, because one of the requirement for missile is to have guidance in its flight, and this is exactly what CY-1 lacks. The missile is fired into the general direction of the target submarine as an unguided rocket, and the guidance does not kick in until after the payload, namely, the torpedo has entered water. As a result, the official Chinese term of "rocket propelled (ASW) torpedo" is a much more accurate description for this weapon. When the payload is a depth charge instead of the torpedo, the weapon is called "long range ASW rocket"".

Though originally tested onboard Luda class missile destroyers and Jiangwei class missile frigates, the CY-1 can be carried by any surface combatant with C-801/802/803 launchers, from which the CY-1 can be launched, thus increasing the versatility and reducing the cost. In addition, a version is further modified so that it can be launched from torpedo tubes of submarines like the C-801, but there is not any confirmation that this version has entered the service. In an effort to boost possible export, the CY-1 has also been modified to carrying a various range of light torpedoes, such as that of USA, Italy, and Russian. However, there is no known export as of 2007. The CY-1 is also known to have been tested on the Type 039 submarine.

## CY-2

CY-2 (长缨-2) is a development of CY-1, and it is based on C-802 missile, sharing the same turbo jet engine. The missile is in limited service in Chinese navy after numerous tests, the last of which was the test of the air-launched version, which was successfully completed by Harbin SH-5 in 1994. The major improvement is the range of this weapon is tripled to 30 nautical miles (56 km), but the speed is reduced to subsonic level from CY-1's Mach 1.5. Just like the way CY-1 can be stored and launched from the container/launcher of C-801, CY-2 can be stored and launched from the container/launcher of C-802. The publicized data for CY-2 includes:

* Diameter: 36 cm
* Wingspan: 118 cm
* Weight: 610 kg
* Speed: Mach 0.9
* Length: 450 cm
* Range: 55 km

Although a development of CY-1, CY-2 is not exactly the replacement of CY-1 and the two are used concurrently by the Chinese navy. One of the reason is that due to space limitation, most of the light surface combatants of the Chinese navy cannot accommodate the large complex sonars on board larger warships. The range of smaller sonars on these light surface combatants of in Chinese navy is less than that of CY-2, and thus the longer range of CY-2 can not be fully exploited if it is on board these smaller surface combatants. As a result, CY-1 remains on board submarine chasers where rocket propelled ASW torpedoes (or ASW rockets) are deployed, while CY-2 is often deployed on larger warships. Another reason for keep CY-1 in the inventory is that CY-1 can be put away and stored like a log without maintenance for sometime, but CY-2 requires periodically maintenance in storage. CY-2 entered Chinese service at the end of 2006.

Just like CY-1, CY-2 is also frequently but erroneously referred as an ASW missile, while in reality it is not, because there is not any guidance at the stage of aerial flight. Developer has claimed that CY-2 can also be armed with a depth charge instead of a lightweight torpedo, but there is no indication of such version has ever entered Chinese service. There are claims of CY-2 being test fired by Chinese submarines, but there is no confirmation that CY-2 has been deployed on Chinese submarines due to lack of information.

## CY-3

CY-3 (长缨-3), which is a development of CY-2. Like CY-2, CY-3 can be launched from a variety of platforms, including aircraft, surface ships, submarines, land vehicles, and coastal shore batteries. However, despite the successful completion of the development and receiving state certification for service, only very limited number are in service with Chinese navy, mostly for long term evaluation purposes. CY-3 is facing stiff competition from another Chinese missile CJ-1, which is also under Chinese naval evaluation, and the final selection has not been decided yet.

CY-3 is basically a modified CY-2 to carry Russian light weight APR-3E torpedo, which is larger and heavier than western light weight ASW torpedoes. Although APR-3E has much higher speed than its western counterparts, thus its target is difficult to outrun it when locked on, the range of APR-3E is extremely limited, only around 3 km. During the course of flight that may take up to several minutes, a very fast nuclear powered submarine might be able to escape because it could open up the distance by 3 km during that time. To overcome this shortcoming, a one-way data link is added, so that targeting information can be received from platforms such as aircraft and surface ships, to ensure the point of entry is as close to the target as possible so that target would be in range. It is also considered helpful when targeting information is changed after the weapon is launched, as in the case of the targeting information being updated: Several attack plans are pre-programmed in the computer on board the torpedo carried by the weapon, and when target update occurs, the new information is passed on the weapon, so that the torpedo carried can switch to the best attack plan from the original one selected prior to the update. However, it is not clear if CY-3 has entered service in any significant numbers due to competition from CJ-1, and there are no official governmental sources of confirmation to date.

## CY-4

CY-4 is a modified CY-1 to enable it to also carry larger and heavier Russian APR-3E torpedo, and it can be carried by light ASW helicopters such as Harbin Z-9. Although official Chinese governmental sources have not explicitly identified the CY-4 designation, military enthusiasts and analysts have concluded that the missile is CY-4 instead of CY-2 or CY-3, because none of the photos of the missile shown has any inlets, which is the characteristic of turbojet engine that powers CY-2/3. The motors are solid rockets which power CY-1/4. CY-4 became operational in late 2009.

## CY-5

CY-5 is the vertically launched version of CY-4 with folding control surfaces to fit into VLS. The range is reported to be 30 km. The existence of CY-5 type weapon was first officially revealed in 2012 when Type 054A frigate was opened to public in Hong Kong, when the governmental explanation described the modular VLS at the bow of the ship can launch both air defense missiles and rocket propelled ASW torpedoes armed with various Chinese and western torpedoes. However, the exact designation of the rocket propelled ASW torpedo was not revealed. Because CY series was also first intended for export and armed with torpedoes of western origin, CY-5 is thus also most likely armed with Chinese Y-7, or other western light torpedoes such as A244-S. CY-5 is reportedly also deployed onboard Type 052D destroyer.

## Yu-8

Yu-8 torpedo is a rocket propelled ASW torpedo similar to CY-5, but with a different payload. The exact type of the light weight torpedo (LWT) carried by Yu-8 has not been officially released by the Chinese governmental sources (as of 2016), but many military analysts and enthusiasts have concluded it is the Russian APR-3E torpedo based on other information released officially by the Chinese government in 2015, namely, the incorporation of data link on Yu-8:

The Russian torpedo is approximately a meter, or a third longer than its western counterparts, such as A244-S, Sting Ray, or Mk 54, and is also nearly twice the weight of its western counterparts, but more importantly, the range of Russian APR-3E LWT is only a third of that its western counterparts 3 km versus 10 km once in the water. The launch range of the APR 3e in VLS format is said to be 40 km while the RUM-139 ASROC is siad to be 22KM. If a very fast nuclear submarine is targeted by Yu-8 near its maximum range, then from the time Yu-8 is launched to its point of entry, the target might have already opened up the gap and thus has successfully escaped by getting out of the range of APR-3E in the water. Just as in the case of CY-3 development from CY-2, to ensure the point of entry of Yu-8 is within the 3 km range of APR-3E, a datalink is also incorporated to enable the weapon to receive target update from other platforms such as surface ships and aircraft. Some would suggest this feature is not a must for western LWT torpedoes with a range that is approximately three times of that of Russian LWT, once it has made entry into the water. The Russian APR 3e has twice the range of its American counterpart in the air and hence when the Chinese official sources have revealed the existence of datalink on Yu-8, it suggests the LWT Yu-8 delivers is Russian APR-3E or similar Chinese copies. Many military analysts and enthusiasts have also postulated that since the Russian LWT is larger and heavier, to maintain the same range of CY-5 armed with lighter and shorter torpedoes of western origin, the rocket motor of Yu-8 would have to be either larger or more powerful.

The existence of Yu-8 designation was first revealed in March 2014, and confirmed more than a year later by CCTV-7 in August 2015, when it aired a footage of Chinese naval war game that contained the launch of rocket propelled ASW torpedo from VLS of a Chinese warship, with designation Yu-8 torpedo assigned. Yu-8 is designed by the 705th Research Institute in Kunming, with program begun in 2002 and completed in 2006.

## InfoBox

| CY-1 | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | ASW weapon |
| Place of origin | China |
| Service history | |
| In service | late 1980s – present |
| Used by | People's Liberation Army Navy |
| Production history | |
| Produced | late 1980s |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | ≈0.6 ton |
| Length | ≈1.2 meter |
| Diameter | ≈0.4 meter |
| Wingspan | 1.2 meter |
| Warhead | light torpedo |
| Detonation
mechanism | Semi-armor-piercing |
| --- | |
| Engine | rocket motor |
| Propellant | solid fuel |
| Operational
range | ≈20 km |
| Maximum speed | supersonic |
| Guidance
system | inertial in flight, passive / active sonar in water |
| Launch
platform | Air, surface & submerged |


title: Caen station

abstract: Caen, Gare de l'Ouest or Gare Calvados, is the main and now only station serving the city of Caen, Normandy, France. The station stands on the main line from Paris to Cherbourg and although it mainly is an intercity station many regional trains use the station. Typical services link Caen to Lisieux, Paris, Rouen, Saint-Lô, Granville, Bayeux and Cherbourg. The station opened in 1857 with the arrival of the CF de l'Ouest line from Paris. The station was rebuilt by Henri Pacon in 1934.

text:
# Caen station

**Caen**, *Gare de l'Ouest* or *Gare Calvados*, is the main and now only station serving the city of Caen, Normandy, France. The station stands on the main line from Paris to Cherbourg and although it mainly is an intercity station many regional trains use the station. Typical services link Caen to Lisieux, Paris, Rouen, Saint-Lô, Granville, Bayeux and Cherbourg. The station opened in 1857 with the arrival of the CF de l'Ouest line from Paris. The station was rebuilt by Henri Pacon in 1934.

## Services

The following services call at Caen :

* Local services (TER Normandie) Cherbourg – Caen – Lisieux
* Local services (TER Normandie) Caen – Alençon – Le Mans
* Local services (TER Normandie) Caen – Lisieux – Bernay – Rouen
* Local services (TER Normandie) Caen – Lison – Saint-Lô – Avranches – Rennes

49°10′35″N 0°20′52″W / 49.17639°N 0.34778°W / 49.17639; -0.34778

## InfoBox

| Gare de Caen | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Owned by | SNCF |
| Line(s) | Paris–Cherbourg railway |
| Platforms | 7 |
| Other information | |
| Station code | 87444000 |
| History | |
| Opened | 1857 (1857) |
| Electrified | Yes |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| 3,290,788 (2014) | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station TER Normandie Following station  Lisieuxtowards Paris-Saint-Lazare  Krono+  Bayeuxtowards Cherbourg  *Terminus*  Krono  Mézidontowards Rouen-RD  Mézidontowards Le Mans  Bayeuxtowards Cherbourg  Citi  Bretteville-Norreytowards Granville  Frénouville-Cagnytowards Lisieux  Proxi  Mézidontowards Rouen-RD | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Caelostomus planoculatus

abstract: Caelostomus planoculatus is a species in the ground beetle family Carabidae.

text:
# Caelostomus planoculatus

***Caelostomus planoculatus*** is a species in the ground beetle family Carabidae.

## InfoBox

| *Caelostomus planoculatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Subfamily: | Pterostichinae |
| Genus: | *Caelostomus* |
| Species: | ***C. planoculatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Caelostomus planoculatus***<br>Jeannel, 1948 | |
|


title: Saron (crustacean)

abstract: Saron is a small genus of caridean prawns in the cleaner shrimp family Hippolytidae, These are common on the reefs of the Indo-Pacific region and it is possible that there may be many more species yet to be described due to the high variability in colour observed. Some species are kept in the marine aquarium trade.

text:
# Saron (crustacean)

***Saron*** is a small genus of caridean prawns in the cleaner shrimp family Hippolytidae, These are common on the reefs of the Indo-Pacific region and it is possible that there may be many more species yet to be described due to the high variability in colour observed. Some species are kept in the marine aquarium trade.

## Species

As of 2023, the World Register of Marine Species lists four species in the genus *Saron*:

## InfoBox

| *Saron* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Saron marmoratus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Decapoda |
| Suborder: | Pleocyemata |
| Infraorder: | Caridea |
| Family: | Hippolytidae |
| Genus: | *Saron*
Thallwitz, 1891 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Hippolyte gibberosus*
H. Milne Edwards, 1837 | |


title: Sarangwal

abstract: Sarangwal is a village in Shahkot in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) from Shahkot, 21.5 kilometres (13.4 mi) from Nakodar, 45 kilometres (28 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 176 kilometres (109 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

text:
# Sarangwal

**Sarangwal** is a village in Shahkot in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) from Shahkot, 21.5 kilometres (13.4 mi) from Nakodar, 45 kilometres (28 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 176 kilometres (109 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

## Demography

As of 2011, Qadian has a total number of 167 houses and population of 789 of which include 414 are males while 375 are females according to the report published by Census India in 2011. Literacy rate of the village is 74.82%, lower than state average of 75.84%. The population of children under the age of 6 years is 82 which is 10.39% of total population of the village, and child sex ratio is approximately 952 higher than state average of 846.

Most of the people are from Schedule Caste which constitutes 65.27% of total population in the village. The town does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far.

As per census 2011, 325 people were engaged in work activities out of the total population of the village which includes 264 males and 61 females. According to census survey report 2011, 77.23% workers describe their work as main work and 22.77% workers are involved in marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months.

## Transport

Shahkot Malisian station is the nearest train station. The village is 82 kilometres (51 mi) away from domestic airport in Ludhiana and the nearest international airport is located in Chandigarh also Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport is the second nearest airport which is 115 kilometres (71 mi) away in Amritsar.

## InfoBox

| Sarangwal | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| SarangwalLocation in Punjab, IndiaSarangwalSarangwal (India) | |
| Coordinates: 31°04′35″N 75°17′41″E / 31.076313°N 75.2947202°E / 31.076313; 75.2947202 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Punjab |
| District | Jalandhar |
| Tehsil | Shahkot |
| Government | |
| Type | Panchayat raj |
| Body | Gram panchayat |
| Elevation | 240 m (790 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 789 |
|  | Sex ratio 414/375 / |
| Languages | |
| Official | Punjabi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-PB |
| Vehicle registration | PB\- 08 |
| Website | jalandhar.nic.in |


title: Sarah Jones (stage actress)

abstract: Sarah Jones is an American playwright, actress, and poet. Called "a master of the genre" by The New York Times, Jones has written and performed four multi-character solo shows, including Bridge & Tunnel, which was produced Off-Broadway in 2004 by Oscar-winner Meryl Streep, and then on to Broadway in 2006 where it received a Special Tony Award.

text:
# Sarah Jones (stage actress)

**Sarah Jones** is an American playwright, actress, and poet.

Called "a master of the genre" by *The New York Times*, Jones has written and performed four multi-character solo shows, including *Bridge & Tunnel,* which was produced Off-Broadway in 2004 by Oscar-winner Meryl Streep, and then on to Broadway in 2006 where it received a Special Tony Award.

## Life

Jones was born in Baltimore, Maryland, to an African American father and mother of mixed Euro-American and Caribbean descent. Her multicultural background and upbringing in Boston, Washington, D.C., and Queens, New York, influenced her development into what *The New Yorker* termed a "multicultural mynah bird \[who\] lays our mongrel nation before us with gorgeous, pitch-perfect impersonations of the rarely heard or dramatized."

Jones attended The United Nations International School and Bryn Mawr College where she was the recipient of the Mellon Minority Fellowship. She originally planned a career as a lawyer, but left college early and eventually found her way to the Nuyorican Poets Cafe in New York, where she began competing in poetry slams.

## Career

Her first solo show, *Surface Transit*, debuted at the Nuyorican Poets Cafe in 1998. It featured monologues based on her poetry which she performed in character. After gaining the attention of feminist icon Gloria Steinem and human rights organization Equality Now, Jones was commissioned by the organization to write and perform her next project, *Women Can't Wait!*, to address discriminatory laws against women.

A second commission, for the National Immigration Forum to raise awareness about immigrant rights issues, yielded *Waking the American Dream*, the solo show that became the basis for *Bridge & Tunnel*, which set an Off-Broadway box office record during its six-month, sold-out run in New York in 2004.

In 2001, Jones recorded and released "Your Revolution" which makes a play against the lyrics and behavior of MC's in Hip hop. When the song made its way to a radio station in Portland, the station was fined $7000 by the FCC, citing the song as "indecent". Jones decided to fight the fine and the "freeze out" of the poem/song by appealing it. After a two-year wait in 2003, the NYCLU and ACLU joined the appeal and won the case. The FCC rescinded their initial notice citing the song as "indecent" and made it available for radio play.

In 2005, a commission from the W. K. Kellogg Foundation to raise awareness of ethnic and racial health disparities in the U.S. resulted in *A Right to Care*, Jones' fourth solo piece, which premiered in 2005 at the Kellogg Foundation's 75th Anniversary conference alongside keynote speaker President Jimmy Carter.

Jones recently returned to her UN School roots by becoming an Ambassador for UNICEF as its first ever Official Spokesperson on Violence Against Children, traveling and performing for audiences from Indonesia to Ethiopia, the Middle East and Japan.

A recipient of the 2007 Brendan Gill Prize, Jones has also received grants and commissions from the Ford Foundation, New York State Council on the Arts, and others. She has also obtained a Helen Hayes Award, two Drama Desk Award nominations, and HBO's US Comedy Arts Festival's Best One Person Show Award, as well as a New York Civil Liberties Union Calloway Award in recognition of Jones as the first artist in history to sue the Federal Communications Commission for censorship. The lawsuit resulted in reversal of a censorship ruling, which had targeted her hip-hop poem recording "Your Revolution" in which she makes a powerful statement against sexual exploitation of women in hip hop music.

A regular guest on public radio, Jones has also made numerous TV appearances on programs including *Charlie Rose*, *The Today Show*, *CBS Sunday Morning*, *Live with Regis and Kelly*, and *Sesame Street* as Mr. Noodle's Other Sister, Ms. Noodle on *Elmo's World*. Jones also co-stars as Yasmin, a series regular in the 2021 Netflix series *On the Verge*, created by Julie Delpy and produced by CanalPlus.

In 2022, Jones directed, wrote, produced, and starred in *Sell/Buy/Date* a hybrid documentary-comedy film, which had its world premiere at South by Southwest in March 2022. It was released in theaters on October 14, 2022, by Cinedigm. It streamed on Amazon on November 8, 2022.


title: Fall in Love (D'banj song)

abstract: "Fall in Love" is a song by Nigerian singer and harmonica player D'banj. It serves as a single from his third studio album, The Entertainer (2008), and was produced by Don Jazzy. According to the website Africa Review, it earned D'banj national stardom in Nigeria. "Fall in Love" was nominated for Song of the Year at The Headies 2009. The music video for the song won Most Gifted Afro Pop Video at the 2010 Channel O Music Video Awards. Moreover, the video was nominated in the Best Male Music Video of the Year category at the 2010 Nigeria Entertainment Awards.

text:
# Fall in Love (D'banj song)

"**Fall in Love**" is a song by Nigerian singer and harmonica player D'banj. It serves as a single from his third studio album, *The Entertainer* (2008), and was produced by Don Jazzy. According to the website Africa Review, it earned D'banj national stardom in Nigeria. "Fall in Love" was nominated for Song of the Year at The Headies 2009. The music video for the song won Most Gifted Afro Pop Video at the 2010 Channel O Music Video Awards. Moreover, the video was nominated in the Best Male Music Video of the Year (Artist & Director) category at the 2010 Nigeria Entertainment Awards.

## Music videos

There were two music videos released for the song. The 2010 Face of Africa finalists are featured in the first music video, which was released on January 26, 2010. The finalists selected for the video were told to play various video vixen characters, including "Rock Chick", "Russian Princess", and "Harajuku Girl". Mo' Hits Records decided to shoot another music video after the first one received negative reviews from critics, who felt it didn't complement the song. Moreover, numerous critics thought it was a bit naive to hire models to play the role of vixens.

On May 4, 2010, the second music video with Nollywood actress Genevieve Nnaji was released. *Nollywood Watch* reported that Nnaji was paid ₦2 million for the role she played in the music video. Prior to the video's release, there were reports about a romance between Nnaji and D'banj. In an interview with Toolz on NdaniTV's *The Juice*, D'banj confirmed the report surrounding his affair with the actress and said they were in a brief relationship.

## Live performances

D'banj and Don Jazzy performed the song together at the former's sister wedding ceremony for the first time since splitting.

## Accolades

| Year | Awards ceremony | Award description(s) | Results |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | Hip Hip World Awards | Song of the Year | Nominated |
| 2010 | Channel O Music Video Awards | Most Gifted Afro Pop Video | Won |
| | Nigeria Entertainment Awards | Best Male Music Video of the Year (Artist & Director) | Nominated |

## InfoBox

| "Fall in Love" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by D'banj | |
| from the album  *The Entertainer* | |
| Released | 2009 |
| Recorded | 2009 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 4:04 |
| Label | Mo' Hits |
| Songwriter(s) | Dapo Oyebanjo |
| Producer(s) | Don Jazzy |
| D'banj singles chronology | |
| "Gbono Feli Feli"
(2009) "**Fall in Love**"
(2009) "Mr Endowed"
(2010) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Fall in Love" on YouTube | |
|  | |


abstract: The first School of Fine Arts was established in 1908 in Cairo. Established college in Alexandria in 1957. And its founder, the late Prof. Dr. / Ahmed Osman. One of the pioneers of contemporary sculpture and its first dean. The study aims at the college to prepare and graduate cadres specialized in the fields of Fine Creation through disciplines Departments five :. In 1962 the first batch of students was graduated after obtaining a bachelor's degree in section of arts. In 1964 the first batch of students was graduated after obtaining a bachelor's degree in architecture. In 1975, Helwan University Was established, and included Faculty of Fine Arts. a Presidential Decree No 361 was Issued in 1989 to include Faculty of Fine Arts to University of Alexandria

text:
# Faculty of Fine Arts, Alexandria University

The first School of Fine Arts was established in 1908 in Cairo. Established college in Alexandria in 1957. And its founder, the late Prof. Dr. / Ahmed Osman . One of the pioneers of contemporary sculpture and its first dean . The study aims at the college to prepare and graduate cadres specialized in the fields of Fine Creation through disciplines Departments five : (Architecture - Decoration - Printmaking - Painting - Sculpture) .

In 1962 the first batch of students was graduated after obtaining a bachelor's degree in section of arts. In 1964 the first batch of students was graduated after obtaining a bachelor's degree in architecture. In 1975, Helwan University Was established, and included Faculty of Fine Arts . a Presidential Decree No 361 was Issued in 1989 to include Faculty of Fine Arts to University of Alexandria

## Objectives

Faculty of Fine Arts at Alexandria University applies quality systems in order to provide a graduate reaches to excellence in the areas of research and artistic and plastic creativity, and it shall contribute effectively in community service and environment development to obtain accreditation.

• Prepare creative artist who has renewable vision and creative awareness pulsating with current facts.

• Prepare innovative designer in the field of environmental design and visual communication in various fields (Urban Planning Civil, environmental architecture, architectural heritage and problems of industrial development in the environment .....Etc.) so that he can align the developed needs of man and society in the fields of economy, trade, environment and culture, and it is achieved through by providing knowledge and liberating imagination and the acquisition of necessary technical and performance skills.

• Prepare specialists in the fields of architecture, arts that development programs require.

• Raise the level of professional and scientific workers in the fields of architecture and arts.

• Conduct research and studies in various areas of specialization in the faculty.

• Exchange of experiences and information with other Egyptian, Arab and international educational and cultural institutions.

• Provide technical advice in various areas of specialization and contribute to the development and modernization of thought and practices in the areas of faculty work to serve environment and community.

In order to achieve that, the faculty concerns about the resurgence of great traditions of Ancient, Coptic and Islamic Egyptian heritage in architecture and arts. The faculty also deliberates other cultures contributing in the human heritage and to do that it requires continued programs to achieve coherence between the academic activity of the faculty and programs of other local and international universities. The mainstay of progress in this field depends on participation and opening up to discovery and experimentation.

## Departments

Source:

* Architecture
* Decoration
* Graphic
* Painting
* Sculpture

## Study Duration

A study for taking bachelor's degree takes five years including private preparatory year in Architecture Department,a Preparatory year in Decoration Department and Preparatory year in Arts Department to qualify to join these sections (Printmaking - Painting - Sculpture)

## Faculty Buildings

Faculty Departments are divided among four buildings divided over four locations as follows:

* The main building: Which is the headquarters of the faculty and is located in the (108 Abdel Salam Aref Mazloum) and it included Dean's Office, prof.dr./ vice dean for student's affairs and Education office, Prof. Dr. Vice Dean for Graduate Studies and Research office, administration departments, also includes Architecture Department and Sculpture Department.
* Gelim Building: located in (64 Mustafa Fahmy - gelim) which includes Printmaking Department.
* Janaklis Building: located in (625 tareek el horreya). It includes Painting Department, And Prof. Dr. / Vice Dean for Community Service and environment development office.
* Omar Tosson Pasha building: located in (9 el ezaa st.) and includes Decoration Department, Wall Painting and preparatory arts.

## Heads of Departments

Source:

Prof.dr Sahar Al-Arnaouty - head of Architecture Department

Prof.dr Mahmoud Hassan Mallah - head of Decoration Department

Prof.dr Azza Mohamed Abu Al-Saud - head of Printmaking Department

Prof.dr Afaf Khalil el abd - head of Photography Department

Prof.dr samir abd el latif Shushan - head of Sculpture department

Prof.dr Darwish Barrawy - scientific coordinator for Preparatory general Arts

## Jubilee

Source:

Fifty years since the establishing Faculty of Fine Arts, Alexandria University. The faculty has been supplying the society with faculty artists and architectures who enriched the culture and still the pioneers play a vital role in the Egyptian, Arab and international art movement.

In 2007, the faculty celebrated its golden jubilee for its foundation. The celebration included:

**First Art & Architecture Exhibitions:**

* Exhibition of graduation projects for the year 2005-2006, at Hussin Sobhy Museum.
* Exhibition of faculty new buildings in El Maamora, in Faculty Museum in the Main Hall-Mazlom.
* Exhibition of 2000's generation, at Faculty Museum in the Main Hall-Mazlom.
* Exhibition of 90's generation, at Faculty Museum in the Main Hall-Mazlom.
* Exhibition of 80's generation, at Faculty Museum in the Main Hall-Mazlom.
* Exhibition of 70's generation, at Faculty Museum in the Main Hall-Mazlom.
* Exhibition of 60's generation, at Faculty Museum in the Main Hall-Mazlom.
* Exhibition of art workshops (photography-printed designs-sculpture-Decor-architecture), in Hall of Creation center- Al Horria Road.
* Exhibition of architecture workshops in participation with Darmstadt University-Germany, in Hall of Creation center- Al Horria Road.

**Second: Workshops**

* Art workshops held in City Landscape Center in Moharram Bek.

* Architecture joint workshops between Architecture Department of the faculty and Architecture Department in Darmstadt University-Germany on environment architecture. The workshops were held in Cairo, Alexandria and Siwa and German Institute of Gutta in Alexandria participated.

**Third: Memorial Book**

It is a memorial book on faculty celebration of the golden jubilee

**Fourth: Documentary film of the jubilee**

It is a documentary on faculty role and pioneers in art and architecture movement and its effect on Alexandria during this period.

**Fifth: Scientific Conference**

It was announced for the Third Scientific Conference as an activity of the golden jubilee celebration. The conference date was defined on 30 April 2007. The Minister of Education, Dr. Yousry El Gamal and a group of government officials, teaching staff and students had attended the conference.


title: Evan Lloyd (rugby union, born 1871)

abstract: Evan Lloyd was a Welsh international rugby union wing who played club rugby for Llanelli and international rugby for Wales.

text:
# Evan Lloyd (rugby union, born 1871)

**Evan Lloyd** (6 June 1871 – 28 February 1951) was a Welsh international rugby union wing who played club rugby for Llanelli and international rugby for Wales.

## Rugby career

Lloyd played in only one international match in his rugby career, an away encounter to Scotland as part of the 1895 Home Nations Championship. Lloyd was brought in on the wing, opposite Tom Pearson, as a temporary replacement for William Llewellyn Thomas. Under the captaincy of Arthur 'Monkey' Gould, Wales played a good game on a pitch shortened by 20 yards due to a large area of the pitch being frozen. The game finished 5-4 to Scotland, with Wales having a late try disallowed when Frank Mills' score was deemed to have been passed the taped off area. The next game, Thomas returned to the wing position and Lloyd was not selected to represent Wales again.

### International matches played

**Wales**

## Bibliography

* Godwin, Terry (1984). *The International Rugby Championship 1883-1983*. London: Willows Books. ISBN 0-00-218060-X.
* Griffiths, John (1987). *The Phoenix Book of International Rugby Records*. London: Phoenix House. ISBN 0-460-07003-7.
* Smith, David; Williams, Gareth (1980). *Fields of Praise: The Official History of The Welsh Rugby Union*. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-0766-3.

## InfoBox

Evan Lloyd
| Birth name | Evan Lloyd |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1871-06-06)6 June 1871 |
| Place of birth | Llanelli, Wales |
| Date of death | 28 February 1951(1951-02-28) (aged 79) |
| Place of death | Llanelli, Wales |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Wing  Amateur team(s)  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  Llanelli RFC   ()  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1895 Wales  1  (0) | |


title: Diorus

abstract: Diorini is a tribe of beetles in the subfamily Cerambycinae, containing the single genus Diorus and the single species Diorus biapiculatus.

text:
# Diorus

**Diorini** is a tribe of beetles in the subfamily Cerambycinae, containing the single genus ***Diorus*** and the single species ***Diorus biapiculatus***.

## InfoBox

| *Diorus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Subfamily: | Cerambycinae |
| Tribe: | **Diorini** |
| Genus: | ***Diorus*** |
| Species: | ***D. biapiculatus*** |
|


title: Sarah Jorge León

abstract: Sarah Amalia Jorge León is an actress, writer and producer from the Dominican Republic.

text:
# Sarah Jorge León

**Sarah Amalia Jorge León** (born 27 November 1982) is an actress, writer and producer from the Dominican Republic.

## Life and career

Jorge León was born in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. She is the oldest of three children, with siblings Marcos Jorge León and actress Nina Jorge León. Her parents are María Amalia León Cabral, arts patron, philanthropist, and director of the Eduardo León Jimenes Foundation – the elder of two daughters of businessman José León Asensio –, and civil engineer, Marcos Augusto Jorge Elías. She is great-greanddaughter of businessmen José María Cabral Bermúdez and Eduardo León Jimenes; she is also descended from Dominican presidents Buenaventura Báez, Ulises Espaillat, and Marco Antonio Cabral.

Miss Jorge León is a psychology graduate (concentration: drama / communications) (cum laude) from Manhattanville College and also holds a Master of Fine Arts (acting) from the ART / MXAT program at Harvard University; this program requires a six-month residency at the MXAT theater (Moscow, Russia), founded by Stanislavski.

Some of her roles include classics such as Suki from the play *Celebration* by Harold Pinter; Hermia in *Midsummer Night's Dream* by Shakespeare and Kleopatra in *Diary of a Scoundrel* by Astrovsky. She participated as part of the cast of the Spanish Repertoire of New York, where she acted in classics such as: *Rosita the Solterona* and *Bodas de Sangre* directed by René Buch, as well as the role of “La Brasileña” in *Pantaleón and its Visitors*, among others.

Her film credits include starring roles in shorts such as *729* and *In the Face of Madness*, as well as in feature films such as *Women*, *Lotoman*, *Lotoman 2.0*, *South of Innocence*, *Beast of Cardo*, *The Seven Deaths*, etc.

Sarah starred in television roles such as Sofia in the mini-series *The Don*, Sara in the pilot *Dumped*, Karina in the pilot *Slit NYC*, Adriana for the American series *Jane The Virgin* (currently on the digital platform Netflix).

Miss Jorge León just wrapped a leading performance on the film Candela directed by Andrés Farías (which project was selected at the Fabrique Du Cinema Du Monde in Cannes 2018, as well as selected winner of the IBERMEDIA development fund 2016 and Sundance Screenwriters Lab 2016 and Sundance Editing Lab 2019), where she played the role of Sera Peñablanca.

Miss Jorge León co-starred in the international box office hit film *After*, led by Hero Fiennes Tiffin and Josephine Langford.

Jorge was nominated in 2015 for the La Silla Awards and the Soberano Award in the "Best Leading Actress" category, for her role in *Al Sur de la Inocencia*.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Character | Director | Country |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2011 | *Lotoman* | *Camelita* | Archie López |  |
| 2012 | *Lotoman 2.0* | | |  |
| 2014 | *Al Sur de la Inocencia* | *Vera* | Héctor Valdez |  |
| | *Bestia de Cardo* | *Sara* | Virginia Sánchez Navarro |  |
| 2015 | *República del Color* | Narrator (voice) | Héctor Valdez |  |
| 2016 | *Death by Designer* | *Marlena Van Zane* | Frankie Báez |  |
| | *Remember Him* | *Jasiel* | Frankie Báez |  |
| 2017 | Jane the Virgin | Adrianna | Gina Lamar |  |
| | Las Siete Muertes | Eva | Gerardo Herrero |  |
| 2019 | *After* | Prof. Martínez | Jenny Gage |  |
| | Candela | Sera Peñablanca | Andrés Farías |  |

## Ancestry

## InfoBox

| Sarah Jorge León | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 27 November 1982<br>Santo Domingo |


title: Family mediation in Germany

abstract:
In Germany, family law was one of the first areas to establish the thought of mediation, and still is the main field of application of mediation. Conflicts in Family Law are characterized by a high rate of personal conflicts.
A possible definition of conflict might be: Conflict means … the perceived differences of interests or the conviction that the actual aspirations of the parties can no be received at the same time. Basis for personal disputes is the fact that conflicting parties don't come to their own in their personal relationships. After various intents of solving the problems on their own or setting an end to the dispute, the last chance is to get help by a third person. Some hope for an improvement of their marriage by marriage counseling, but in most cases without success. Others try to solve their conflicts by law and hand in a lawsuit. After reviewing this lawsuit, the judge can suggest to consult a mediator, if reasonable. There are various constellations of conducting the mediation process. Divorces can be regulated by court. Related issues, like child support, visitation rights or household goods can be resolved by mediation. It is also possible to try to solve all controversies in the mediation process. In this case, the parties can plead for abating legal proceedings. The employed lawyers can recommend a mediator and at the same time can be legal aid during the mediation process. The mediator, as against the consulting lawyer, deals with concerns and interests of both parties. The mediator is not suggested or determined by one party alone. This could lead to unwanted disputes or affect the mediation procedure, because one party could feel disadvantaged. Whether choosing mediation or not is the parties decision. If they decide to conduct the mediation process, but can't agree as intended, it is not of their disadvantage. The still can go back to the legal process and continue the lawsuit, or file a new one.

text:
# Family mediation in Germany

In Germany, family law was one of the first areas to establish the thought of mediation, and still is the main field of application of mediation. Conflicts in Family Law are characterized by a high rate of personal conflicts. A possible definition of conflict might be:

*Conflict means … the perceived differences of interests or the conviction that the actual aspirations of the parties can no be received at the same time.*

Basis for personal disputes is the fact that conflicting parties don't come to their own in their personal relationships. After various intents of solving the problems on their own or setting an end to the dispute, the last chance is to get help by a third person. Some hope for an improvement of their marriage by marriage counseling, but in most cases without success. Others try to solve their conflicts by law and hand in a lawsuit. After reviewing this lawsuit, the judge can suggest to consult a mediator, if reasonable.

There are various constellations of conducting the mediation process. Divorces can be regulated by court. Related issues, like child support, visitation rights or household goods can be resolved by mediation. It is also possible to try to solve all controversies in the mediation process. In this case, the parties can plead for abating legal proceedings. The employed lawyers can recommend a mediator and at the same time can be legal aid during the mediation process.

The mediator, as against the consulting lawyer, deals with concerns and interests of both parties. The mediator is not suggested or determined by one party alone. This could lead to unwanted disputes or affect the mediation procedure, because one party could feel disadvantaged. Whether choosing mediation or not is the parties decision. If they decide to conduct the mediation process, but can't agree as intended, it is not of their disadvantage. The still can go back to the legal process and continue the lawsuit, or file a new one.

## Principles of family mediation

### Extrajudicial proceeding

At the beginning, the mediation process was known as an extrajudicial proceeding and was introduced as an alternative to the classical lawsuit. In the meantime, more and more mediations are offered in court. They are conducted by a so-called “judge-mediator” after the commencement of proceedings. The number of judges with this additional qualification is not very high, but it is increasing. This development leads to a change in the point of view of mediations. They are no longer seen as alternative to lawsuits, but are regarded as possible element of the litigation. There is no longer competition between the legal process and the mediation process, but addition.

### Voluntariness

It is the marriage partners' decision whether to conduct a mediation process or not, even if it is recommended by court. There is no constraint to take part in the mediation. All parties, also the mediator, are having the right to end the mediation process. So there is no obligation to bring the process to an agreement, exiting the process is possible at any time.

### Neutrality

It is the mediator's obligation to be a neutral facilitator. He arbitrates and serves the parties equally under the precondition that he is absolutely neutral and impartial. He does not favorite one site and needs to treat both parties equally. It would be useful for the mediator not knowing the disputing parties, to prevent preferences, discrimination or personal influences on the decision. The confidence of both parties towards to mediator of great importance for a successful cooperation. If a party is not sure whether the mediator is neutral or not, it is best to continue the mediation process with another mediator.

### Lack of decision-making power

The above-mentioned criteria of neutrality and impartiality are also concerning judges. So where is the difference to a mediator? The mediator's essential characteristic is not having any decision-making power in a legal sense. He can support the parties finding a solution and guide them to the right way. At the end of the mediation process, he can make a written agreement, to which the parties must uphold. He needs to fulfill the formalities given for such an agreement. To become legally valid, the agreement needs to be recorded by Family Court or notarially certified.

### Confidentiality

To protect the parties, the mediation process is confidential. When both parties are sure that their information is not made public and is protected against malpractice, they are able to solve the conflict more open. They can be sure that problems that were discussed stay within the mediation group. If the mediation fails, the principle of confidentiality is of high importance, because parties can be sure that, if it comes to a lawsuit, information revealed in the mediation process can not be used against them. This applies for the participating parties as well as for the mediator. Information given by the parties in one-to-one conversations with the mediator also come under the non-disclosure obligation. He is not allowed to reveal it to the other party, except he obtains the permission of the party.

## The process of family mediation

The mediator passes through a process with the parties that is divided into **five phases**:

### Phase 1: Initiation of mediation process

At the beginning the mediator has to comment his mission and function, so that the parties cannot be disappointed during the process. After this discussion, it must be settled if the existent problem of the parties can be answered by a mediation process. At the end of this phase a mediation contract is signed, which contains among other things rights and obligations of the mediator and the parties (modal contract Archived 2012-02-23 at the Wayback Machine). The meaning of the contract is to lay a code of behavior, on which the involved must be keeping with.

### Phase 2: Theme collection

With the second phase starts the real conflict management. The extent of the conflict will be made clear and the points which are treating over the process are listed in detail. This way the mediator receives an overview about the dimension and is able to create a plan.

### Phase 3: Resolve the interests

This phase is the most important chapter of the mediation process. It is basic to deal explicitly with the conflicts. In this phase the parties must reveal their problems and voice their interests, to find the optimal problem-solving approach. If wishes or demands are not communicated at this, it will be difficult to involve those afterwards in the next phase.

### Phase 4: Options and solutions

After collecting the interests they can be search for common solution options. The different ideas will be collect and afterwards evaluated together. The ideas can be collected in different ways, for example by brainstorming. A solution concept will be designed in this phase and that will be developed in the last phase.

### Phase 5: The finish

At the end of the mediation, the solution concept from phase 4 will be a phrased into binding agreement. The agreement can be discussed with a consultant lawyer. This way the parties can be sure that they have made a decision which is legally correct. The contract is an obligatory agreement. It needs to be validated, for example by notarization.

## Advantages of family mediation in comparison to litigation

There is no categorization in wrong or false. No party will be inculpated to be wrong or to have made mistakes in the past. The conflicts are reviewed, but with a forward-looking view to find the best solution the two parties. An advantage of mediation is, that the problems are not delegated, the parties try to solve the conflict themselves. This course might take longer, but after all the parties came as opponents to the mediation process and not as friends. In most cases, the idea of solving the problem wins after some time. Due to the voluntariness of the mediation process, a high commitment of the two parties is to be estimated. A positive attitude is thereby part of the course because the parties can agree in peace. Both parties must agree to the arrangement and need to implement the changes in the future. Furthermore, the mediation should encourage friendly contact between the parties after the mediation process. Mediation shall be an impulse to advance the attitude in the future. So the involved can easily stick to the bargain.

The mediation isn't a judicial action, but for all that the law will be included. Admittedly not with the application of laws but only with the use of them. That means that mediation should be seen as law clarification. The purpose is to represent the three following points, without applying the law:

* Consultation about the legal position: The legal situation will be explained, and how a possible lawsuit would end.
* Decision-making: The legal options will be explained to the parties and they will be encouraged to represent their own interests.
* Form of contract: The parties are shown how the bilateral agreement is transferred into a contract, what legal consequences there are, and which formal requirements are essential.

An advantage of the family mediation in comparison to a lawsuit is the command of openness. The disputing parties are obliged to reveal all necessary facts and information. If any documents are revealed after the end of the mediation process, the agreement can be invalid. In some cases the statutory offense of fraud is given. Another advantage of family mediation is the time. A lawsuit often takes several years, depending on the number of instances. The mediation process takes only several months depending on the type of conflict and the commitment of the disputing parties. Another advantage results from the time saving. The mediation process is less expensive. The mediator claims of course a charge, but this doesn’t overrun the court costs.

1. \[Weiler, Eva und Schlickum, Gunter. Praxisbuch Mediation. München, 2008 p. 45\]
2. \[Gläßer, Ulla (Hrsg., Maihofer, Werner, Sprenger, Gerhard und Brugger, Winfried). Mediation und Beziehungsgewalt. Bd. 44. Baden-Baden, 2008 p. 119\]
3. \[Gläßer, Ulla (Hrsg., Maihofer, Werner, Sprenger, Gerhard und Brugger, Winfried). Mediation und Beziehungsgewalt. Bd. 44. Baden-Baden, 2008 p. 62\]
4. \[Gläßer, Ulla (Hrsg., Maihofer, Werner, Sprenger, Gerhard und Brugger, Winfried). Mediation und Beziehungsgewalt. Bd. 44. Baden-Baden, 2008 p. 63\]
5. \[Gläßer, Ulla (Hrsg., Maihofer, Werner, Sprenger, Gerhard und Brugger, Winfried). Mediation und Beziehungsgewalt. Bd. 44. Baden-Baden, 2008 p. 63/64\]
6. \[Gläßer, Ulla (Hrsg., Maihofer, Werner, Sprenger, Gerhard und Brugger, Winfried). Mediation und Beziehungsgewalt. Bd. 44. Baden-Baden, 2008 p. 64\]
7. \[Gläßer, Ulla (Hrsg., Maihofer, Werner, Sprenger, Gerhard und Brugger, Winfried). Mediation und Beziehungsgewalt. Bd. 44. Baden-Baden, 2008 p. 65\]
8. \[Gläßer, Ulla (Hrsg., Maihofer, Werner, Sprenger, Gerhard und Brugger, Winfried). Mediation und Beziehungsgewalt. Bd. 44. Baden-Baden, 2008 p. 85\]
9. \[Gläßer, Ulla (Hrsg., Maihofer, Werner, Sprenger, Gerhard und Brugger, Winfried). Mediation und Beziehungsgewalt. Bd. 44. Baden-Baden, 2008 p. 86\]
10. \[Gläßer, Ulla (Hrsg., Maihofer, Werner, Sprenger, Gerhard und Brugger, Winfried). Mediation und Beziehungsgewalt. Bd. 44. Baden-Baden, 2008 p. 86/87\]
11. \[Gläßer, Ulla (Hrsg., Maihofer, Werner, Sprenger, Gerhard und Brugger, Winfried). Mediation und Beziehungsgewalt. Bd. 44. Baden-Baden, 2008 p. 87\]
12. \[Gläßer, Ulla (Hrsg., Maihofer, Werner, Sprenger, Gerhard und Brugger, Winfried). Mediation und Beziehungsgewalt. Bd. 44. Baden-Baden, 2008 p. 87/88\]
13. \[Gläßer, Ulla (Hrsg., Maihofer, Werner, Sprenger, Gerhard und Brugger, Winfried). Mediation und Beziehungsgewalt. Bd. 44. Baden-Baden, 2008 p. 88\]
14. \[Mähler/Mähler (Hrsg., Haft, Fritjof und von Schlieffen, Katharina). Handbuch Mediation – Verhandlungstechnik Strategien Einsatzgebiete. Bd. 2. München, 2009 p. 482\]
15. \[Mähler/Mähler (Hrsg., Haft, Fritjof und von Schlieffen, Katharina). Handbuch Mediation – Verhandlungstechnik Strategien Einsatzgebiete. Bd. 2. München, 2009 p. 483\]
16. \[Erlenmeyer, Hans und Hangebrauck, Ralf. Mediation. Altenberge, 2008 p. 93/94\]


title: PABR Dam

abstract: Penna Ahobilam Balancing Reservoir (PABR) is an irrigation project located across Penna River in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh state in India. Anantapur city gets its drinking water from the PABR. The reservoir with live storage capacity of 305 million cubic metres is mainly fed by Tungabhadra high level canal originating from the Tungabhadra Dam to the extent of 10 Tmcft water. A 20 MW hydro electric power station is also constructed at the dam site. After the death of eminent irrigation engineer K. Sriramakrishnaiah in the year 2002, the Penna Ahobilam balancing reservoir is renamed in memory of him as "Dr. K. Sriramakrishnaiah Penna Ahobilam balancing reservoir" by the Andhra Pradesh government.

text:
# PABR Dam

**Penna Ahobilam Balancing Reservoir** **(PABR)** is an irrigation project located across Penna River in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh state in India. Anantapur city gets its drinking water from the PABR. The reservoir with live storage capacity of 305 million cubic metres is mainly fed by Tungabhadra high level canal originating from the Tungabhadra Dam to the extent of 10 Tmcft water. A 20 MW hydro electric power station is also constructed at the dam site.

After the death of eminent irrigation engineer K. Sriramakrishnaiah in the year 2002, the Penna Ahobilam balancing reservoir is renamed in memory of him as **"Dr. K. Sriramakrishnaiah Penna Ahobilam balancing reservoir"** by the Andhra Pradesh government.

14°47′26″N 77°17′59″E / 14.79056°N 77.29972°E / 14.79056; 77.29972


title: Evelyn Carmichael

abstract: Evelyn George Massey Carmichael was an English cricketer who played a single first-class game, for Worcestershire against Oxford University in 1903; in the first innings he was bowled for 5 by his namesake Evelyn Martin, while in the second he was run out for 1. He took one catch, to dismiss Martin. Carmichael also played for Worcestershire in the 1890s, before they had attained first-class status. He was educated at Harrow before going up to Oxford, although he did not excel at cricket while at either establishment. Carmichael was born in Upper Wick, Worcester; he died aged 88 at Berrington Hall, Shrewsbury.

text:
# Evelyn Carmichael

**Evelyn George Massey Carmichael (of Carmichael)** (3 April 1871 – 14 July 1959) was an English cricketer who played a single first-class game, for Worcestershire against Oxford University in 1903; in the first innings he was bowled for 5 by his namesake Evelyn Martin (who also played for Worcestershire that season), while in the second he was run out for 1. He took one catch, to dismiss Martin.

Carmichael also played for Worcestershire in the 1890s, before they had attained first-class status. He was educated at Harrow before going up to Oxford, although he did not excel at cricket while at either establishment.

Carmichael was born in Upper Wick, Worcester; he died aged 88 at Berrington Hall, Shrewsbury.

## InfoBox

Evelyn Carmichael
| Cricket information | |
| --- | --- |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm medium |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class  Matches 1  Runs scored 6  Batting average 3.00  100s/50s 0/0  Top score 5  Catches/stumpings 1/– | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 13 April 2023 | |


title: Exodus (Andy Hunter album)

abstract: Exodus, released in October 2002, is the first full-length album produced by British DJ Andy Hunter°. The music is a sweeping mix of sophisticated techno and electronic dance music. On his website, Hunter° explains how the inspiration for many of the tracks came from the Book of Exodus. Additionally, on the back cover of the CD booklet he writes: "Exodus is a journey into the presence of God; to hunger for God in a passionate way, craving that intimacy and hearing the spirit; to commit everything we are, and to say that we are going to run for and live our lives one hundred-percent; to be movers and shakers for the cause of our love, wherever that leads us... even into the desert of our lives; and to ask questions and find answers of who we are and where we are going..." The inspiration for the album is reflected in its biblical and Christian-themed lyrics. Six tracks feature lyrics taken directly from the Bible, namely from the Exodus, Ezekiel, Romans and Acts. The other lyrics are by Hunter° himself, but the religious themes are highlighted throughout, with the "you" in the original lyrics always referring to God, although never written with a capital Y. After the original release on Nettwerk, the album was re-released on the Christian music label Sparrow Records. The song "Go" has been used in several movie trailers, the film The Italian Job the trailer for National Treasure: Book of Secrets, the video games Enter the Matrix, SSX 3, Downhill Domination, Richard Burns Rally and 2004 Total Club Manager. It was also used in ABC’s show Alias. "The Wonders of You" was used in the game Need For Speed Underground by EA Games and in the trailer of The Matrix Reloaded. Sandstorm Calling was used in Lumines Mobile.

text:
# Exodus (Andy Hunter album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Jesus Freak Hideout |  |

***Exodus***, released in October 2002, is the first full-length album produced by British DJ Andy Hunter°. The music is a sweeping mix of sophisticated techno and electronic dance music. On his website, Hunter° explains how the inspiration for many of the tracks came from the Book of Exodus. Additionally, on the back cover of the CD booklet he writes: "*Exodus* is a journey into the presence of God; to hunger for God in a passionate way, craving that intimacy and hearing the spirit; to commit everything we are, and to say that we are going to run for and live our lives one hundred-percent; to be movers and shakers for the cause of our love, wherever that leads us... even into the desert of our lives; and to ask questions and find answers of who we are and where we are going..."

The inspiration for the album is reflected in its biblical and Christian-themed lyrics. Six tracks feature lyrics taken directly from the Bible, namely from the Exodus, Ezekiel, Romans and Acts. The other lyrics are by Hunter° himself, but the religious themes are highlighted throughout, with the "you" in the original lyrics always referring to God, although never written with a capital Y.

After the original release on Nettwerk, the album was re-released on the Christian music label Sparrow Records. The song "Go" has been used in several movie trailers, the film *The Italian Job* the trailer for *National Treasure: Book of Secrets*, the video games *Enter the Matrix,* *SSX 3*, Downhill Domination, Richard Burns Rally and 2004 Total Club Manager. It was also used in ABC’s show *Alias*. "The Wonders of You" was used in the game *Need For Speed Underground* by EA Games and in the trailer of *The Matrix Reloaded*. *Sandstorm Calling* was used in *Lumines Mobile*.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Go" | 6:38 |
| 2. | "The Wonders Of You" (feat. Lyle Day) | 7:11 |
| 3. | "Radiate" | 8:28 |
| 4. | "Amazing" (feat. Christine Glass) | 8:05 |
| 5. | "Show" (feat. Michelle Prentice) | 7:55 |
| 6. | "Translucent" (feat. Cathy Burton) | 5:26 |
| 7. | "Angelic" (feat. Alisa Girard) | 5:57 |
| 8. | "Sandstorm Calling" (feat. Tasia Tjornhom) | 7:13 |
| 9. | "Strange Dream" | 6:24 |
| 10. | "Intercessional" | 6:57 |

## InfoBox

| Exodus | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Andy Hunter° | |
| Released | 10 October 2002 |
| Recorded | 2002 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 70:22 |
| Label | Nettwerk/Sparrow Records |
| Andy Hunter° chronology | |
| ***Exodus***
(2002) *Life*
(2005) | |


title: Everest gasfield

abstract: The Everest gasfield is located in the Central North Sea, 233 kilometres (145 mi) east of Aberdeen, Scotland. It lies in the United Kingdom Continental Shelf blocks 22/9, 22/10a and 22/14a. The gasfield was discovered by Amoco in 1982 with first gas produced in 1993.

text:
# Everest gasfield

The **Everest gasfield** is located in the Central North Sea, 233 kilometres (145 mi) east of Aberdeen, Scotland. It lies in the United Kingdom Continental Shelf blocks 22/9, 22/10a and 22/14a. The gasfield was discovered by Amoco in 1982 with first gas produced in 1993.

## Ownership

Until 2009, the field was operated by BP (formerly Amoco). As a result of assets' swap between BP and BG Group in 2009, BG Group became the largest stakeholder of field with 80.46% interest and it took over operatorship of the field. Other partners beside of BG Group are Amerada Hess, and Total. The 1.0134% interest, which was owned by ConocoPhillips, was acquired by BG Group in 2007. On 1 November 2017 Chrysaor announced they had acquired a 100 per cent equity interest in the Everest Field, together with interests in the Beryl, Buzzard, Elgin-Franklin, Erskine, Armada, J Block, Lomond and Schiehallion fields.

## Infrastructure

The field is named after George Everest. There is a permanent production installation, North Everest, in the Northern area of the field (located 57°45′00″N 1°48′04″E / 57.75°N 1.801°E / 57.75; 1.801: 288 ft (88 m) water depth) containing 11 surface wells drilled from the platform. A flowline connects to two subsea wells in the South Everest area 7.1 km south of the North Everest installation and a further flowline connects to two subsea wells in the Everest East Expansion area 6.8 km north east of the installation. The manned North Everest platform, built by Highland Fabricators, is a combined wellhead/production/quarters platform receiving and treating well fluids. There is accommodation for 80 personnel. The North Everest platform is connected to the unmanned CATS (Central Area Transmission System) Riser platform by a 90-metre (300 ft) metal bridge. The CATS Platform is the location for the starting point of the CATS pipeline, which transmits gas from Everest and a number of others including Lomond and Armada, to the CATS terminal at Teesside. Condensates and liquids from North Everest are routed to Cruden Bay via Forties oilfield.

Everest contains two main reservoirs: the Palaeocene Forties sandstone and the deeper Paleocene Andrew sandstone. The structure is a 3 way dip closure with a stratigraphic pinchout to the east.

## Operations

Everest well fluids are routed to the vertical HP (High Pressure) Separator where condensate is separated from the gas stream. Wells may also be routed to the vertical test separator where 3-phase (Gas/Condensate/Water) separation and measurement of each stream takes place. Gas from the HP Separator (and the Test Separator) is cooled by cooling medium and flows to the vertical TEG Contactor Scrubber where condensate is recovered. The gas is heated with heating medium prior entering the base of the TEG Contactor where it is in counter-current contact with triethylene glycol. The dried gas flows to the Dense Phase Suction Scrubber where any recovered liquids are removed. A side stream of fuel gas for the installation is taken from the Dense Phase Separator. The main gas stream is compressed in the Dense Phase Compressor to c. 140 bar. The gas is metered prior to export across the bridge to the CATS Riser platform and through the CATS pipeline. In later field life, as well pressures declines, further lower pressure compressors were installed between the HP Separator and the TEG Contactor Scrubber. The gas compression capacity is 135 million cubic feet per day (3.8 million cubic metres per day) at standard pressure.

Condensate from the HP Separator and the Test Separator is routed to the horizontal IP (Intermediate Pressure) Separator where 3-phase separation takes place. Vapour is routed to the MP Vapour Recovery Compressor and thence to the TEG Contactor Scrubber. Separated water is routed to the Produced water system for oil removal prior to overboard disposal. The produced water system has a capacity of 5,000 barrels (790 m3) per day. Condensate from the IP Separator is heated and routed to the LP (Low Pressure) Separator where further 3-phase separation takes place. Vapour is cooled with cooling medium and flows to the LP Vapour Recovery Suction Scrubber where further condensate is removed. Vapour from the LP Vapour Recovery Suction Scrubber is compressed in the LP Vapour Recovery Compressor and after cooling is routed to the MP Vapour Recovery Compressor. Condensate from the LP Separator is cooled and routed to the Condensate Surge Drum. From the Surge Drum condensate is metered and exported to the Forties Field via the Pipeline Pumps. The condensate export capacity is 10,000 barrels (1,600 m3) per day.

List of oil and gas fields in the North Sea

Forties oil field

## InfoBox

| Everest gasfield | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Everest gasfield | |
| Country | Scotland, United Kingdom |
| Region | Central North Sea |
| Blocks | 22/9, 22/10a and 22/14a |
| Offshore/onshore | offshore |
| Coordinates | 57°45′00″N 1°48′04″E / 57.75°N 1.801°E / 57.75; 1.801 |
| Operator | Chrysaor |
| Partners | 100% equity |
| Field history | |
| Discovery | 1982 |
| Start of development | 1991 |
| Start of production | 1993 |
| Peak year | 2000 |
| Production | |
| Current production of oil | 10,000 barrels per day (~5.0×10~~^~~5 t/a) |
| Current production of gas | 135×10~~^~~6 cu ft/d (3.8×10~~^~~6 m3/d) |
| Estimated gas in place | 770×10~~^~~9 cu ft (22×10~~^~~9 m3) |
| Producing formations | Palaeocene Forties sandstone, Paleocene Andrew sandstone |


title: Exhyalanthrax

abstract:
Exhyalanthrax is a small genus of bombyliid flies. Bombyliids are commonly known as bee flies due to their resemblance to bees. Exhyalanthrax are found in the Afrotropical realm and the Palearctic realm. Exhyalanthrax spp. are pupal parasitoids. Exhyalanthrax afer has been reared from pupae of tachinid and ichneumonid parasitoids of Thaumetopoea pityocampa and from the pupae of this species and other Lepidoptera. It has also been bred from cocoons of Neodiprion sertifer. Several African species have been reared from the puparia of tsetse flies and from puparia of other Diptera. An Exhyalanthrax sp. has also been found preying on cockroach, oothecae in Saudi Arabia. It has been suggested that Exhyalanthrax might be utilised as
biological control agents especially in the battle against tsetse flies.

text:
# Exhyalanthrax

***Exhyalanthrax*** is a small genus of bombyliid flies. Bombyliids are commonly known as *bee flies* due to their resemblance to bees. *Exhyalanthrax* are found in the Afrotropical realm and the Palearctic realm. Exhyalanthrax spp. are pupal parasitoids. *Exhyalanthrax afer* has been reared from pupae of tachinid and ichneumonid parasitoids of *Thaumetopoea pityocampa* and from the pupae of this species and other Lepidoptera. It has also been bred from cocoons of *Neodiprion sertifer*. Several African species have been reared from the puparia of tsetse flies and from puparia of other Diptera. An *Exhyalanthrax* sp. has also been found preying on cockroach, (*Heterogamisca chopardi* Uvarov) oothecae in Saudi Arabia. It has been suggested that *Exhyalanthrax* might be utilised as biological control agents especially in the battle against tsetse flies.

## Species List

## InfoBox

| *Exhyalanthrax* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Exhyalanthrax afer* (Fabricius, 1794) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Bombyliidae |
| Subfamily: | Anthracinae |
| Tribe: | Villini |
| Genus: | *Exhyalanthrax*
Becker, 1916 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Anthrax vagans*
Loew 1862 | |


title: Exia Shelford

abstract: Exia Edwards is a former New Zealand rugby union player, representing New Zealand and Bay of Plenty. She made her international debut at the 1998 Rugby World Cup in the Netherlands. She was also part of two other successful Rugby World Cup's in 2002 and 2006. In 1999, Shelford scored a try when the Black Ferns beat the United States 65–5 at Palmerston North. At the 2005 Canada Cup she scored a try in the 30–9 victory over Scotland at Ottawa. Shelford also played rugby league for the New Zealand Māori women's team and netball for Bay of Plenty.

text:
# Exia Shelford

**Exia Edwards** (née **Shelford**, born 12 November 1975) is a former New Zealand rugby union player, representing New Zealand and Bay of Plenty. She made her international debut at the 1998 Rugby World Cup in the Netherlands. She was also part of two other successful Rugby World Cup's in 2002 and 2006.

In 1999, Shelford scored a try when the Black Ferns beat the United States 65–5 at Palmerston North. At the 2005 Canada Cup she scored a try in the 30–9 victory over Scotland at Ottawa.

Shelford also played rugby league for the New Zealand Māori women's team and netball for Bay of Plenty.

## InfoBox

Exia Edwards
| Date of birth | (1975-11-12) 12 November 1975 |
| --- | --- |
| Height | 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) |
| Weight | 75 kg (165 lb; 11 st 11 lb) |
| Notable relative(s) | Frank Shelford (uncle)
Buck Shelford (cousin)
Darrall Shelford (cousin) |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)**  Wing, Centre, Fullback  Provincial / State sides  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  Bay of Plenty   ()  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1998–2006 New Zealand  27  (90) | |
| Medal record      Representing  New Zealand  Women's rugby union  Rugby World Cup  1998 Netherlands Team competition  2002 Spain Team competition  2006 Canada Team competition | |


title: Expedition to Cherchell

abstract: The Expedition to Cherchell was a joint operation by Ahmad al-Kadi and Arudj Reis who marched on Cherchell with an army of 5,000 Kabyles and 800 Turks to depose its ruler who had founded a small independent sovereignty. In 1516 the locals of Algiers asked Arudj Reis to liberate them from the tribute payments set by the Spaniards. Arudj Reis set off with his ally, Ahmad al-Kadi and an army composed of 800 Turks and 5,000 Kabyle auxiliaries. Instead of going straight to Algiers, they went to Cherchell where one of his Reis, Kara Hassan, had founded a small sovereignty. Arudj Reis did not want to leave his flank defenceless, he seized the city, put its sovereign to death and left a garrison. Following the seizure of Cherchell, Arudj Reis and his ally Ahmad al-Kadi marched on Algiers and seized the city.

text:
# Expedition to Cherchell

The **Expedition to Cherchell** was a joint operation by Ahmad al-Kadi and Arudj Reis who marched on Cherchell with an army of 5,000 Kabyles and 800 Turks to depose its ruler who had founded a small independent sovereignty.

In 1516 the locals of Algiers asked Arudj Reis to liberate them from the tribute payments set by the Spaniards.

Arudj Reis set off with his ally, Ahmad al-Kadi and an army composed of 800 Turks and 5,000 Kabyle auxiliaries. Instead of going straight to Algiers, they went to Cherchell where one of his Reis, Kara Hassan, had founded a small sovereignty. Arudj Reis did not want to leave his flank defenceless, he seized the city, put its sovereign to death and left a garrison.

Following the seizure of Cherchell, Arudj Reis and his ally Ahmad al-Kadi marched on Algiers and seized the city.

## InfoBox

| Expedition to Cherchell | |
| --- | --- |
| Date 1516  Location Cherchell  Result  Principality of Cherchell defeat | |
| Belligerents | |
| Kingdom of Kuku
Barbarossa brothers | Principality of Cherchell |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Oruç Reis
Ahmad al-Kadi | Kara Hassan |
| Units involved | |
| 5,000 Kabyles
800 Turks | Unknown |
| Casualties and losses | |
| Unknown | Unknown |


title: Expedition to Canton

abstract: The Expedition to Canton was a British punitive expedition that captured the forts along the Pearl River, Guangdong province, China, on 2–3 April 1847. Beginning at the Humen Strait (Bogue), the British captured the forts leading up to the city of Canton (Guangzhou). The operation was in response to British subjects being attacked by the Chinese near Canton. Hong Kong Governor John Davis demanded redress from Chinese Commissioner Keying. Unsatisfied with his reply, Davis ordered Major-General George D'Aguilar, the commander-in-chief of British forces in China, to seize the forts approaching Canton and to prepare for an attack on the city to force reparations on the spot. The forts were captured, but Canton was spared after Keying agreed to punish the culprits and to allow entry into the city.

text:
# Expedition to Canton

The **Expedition to Canton** was a British punitive expedition that captured the forts along the Pearl River, Guangdong province, China, on 2–3 April 1847. Beginning at the Humen Strait (Bogue), the British captured the forts leading up to the city of Canton (Guangzhou). The operation was in response to British subjects being attacked by the Chinese near Canton. Hong Kong Governor John Davis demanded redress from Chinese Commissioner Keying.

Unsatisfied with his reply, Davis ordered Major-General George D'Aguilar, the commander-in-chief of British forces in China, to seize the forts approaching Canton and to prepare for an attack on the city to force reparations on the spot. The forts were captured, but Canton was spared after Keying agreed to punish the culprits and to allow entry into the city.

## Operations

On the afternoon of 1 April 1847, D'Aguilar received communication from Davis with orders to proceed to Canton with force. At midnight, the following forces were embarked:

British operations began with the capture of the Bogue forts. Listed are the number of ordnance captured at each site:

* Anunghoy Island – 208
* North Wangtong Island – 150
* South Wangtong Island – 109

Further up the Canton River past Whampoa Island, the British encountered a staked barrier and captured the following locations:

* Pachow Fort – 64
* Wookongtap Fort – 41
* Napier's Island – 49
* Whampoa Creek – 65

In the final phase, the British captured the forts outside the city of Canton:

* French Folly – 38
* Dutch Folly – 23
* Rogue Fort – 26
* Zigzag Battery – 20
* Segment Battery – 30
* Shameen Battery – 56

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Expedition to Canton | |
| --- | --- |
|
British troops awaiting the arrival of Commissioner Keying at the British Factory in Canton | |
| Date 2–3 April 1847  Location Pearl River, Guangdong, China23°6′34.6″N 113°19′58″E / 23.109611°N 113.33278°E / 23.109611; 113.33278  Result  British victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| United Kingdom | Qing China |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| John Davis
George D'Aguilar | Keying |
| Strength | |
| 966 troops
6 ships | Unknown |
| Casualties and losses | |
| No casualties | No casualties
879 guns captured |


abstract: Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah to Wadi al-Qura took place in November, 627AD, 7th month of 6AH of the Islamic calendar. Wadi al-Qura was an oasis, about 7 miles from Medina. Zayd ibn Harithah set out with 12 men to survey this area and to monitor the movements of enemies of Muhammad. However, the inhabitants in this area were unfriendly to Zayd. The people there attacked the Muslims, killed 9 of them, while the rest including Zaid bin Haritha managed to escape.

text:
# Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah (Wadi al-Qura)

**Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah to Wadi al-Qura** took place in November, 627AD, 7th month of 6AH of the Islamic calendar.

Wadi al-Qura was an oasis, about 7 miles from Medina. Zayd ibn Harithah set out with 12 men to survey this area and to monitor the movements of enemies of Muhammad.

However, the inhabitants in this area were unfriendly to Zayd. The people there attacked the Muslims, killed 9 of them, while the rest including Zaid bin Haritha managed to escape.

1. Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (2005), *The Sealed Nectar*, Darussalam Publications, p. 206, ISBN 9798694145923 (online Archived 2011-06-23 at the Wayback Machine)
2. Abū Khalīl, Shawqī (2003). *Atlas of the Quran*. Dar-us-Salam. p. 242. ISBN 978-9960-897-54-7.
3. Hawarey, Mosab (2010). *The Journey of Prophecy; Days of Peace and War (Arabic)*. Islamic Book Trust. ISBN 9789957051648.Note: Book contains a list of battles of Muhammad in Arabic, English translation available here

## InfoBox

| Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah (Wadi al-Qura) | |
| --- | --- |
| Date November 627 AD, 7th month 6 AH  Location Wadi al-Qura  Result  Ambush, 9 Muslims killed | |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Zayd ibn Harithah | Unknown |
| Strength | |
| 12 | Unknown |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 9 killed | Unknown |


title: Expelled Because of Color

abstract: Expelled Because of Color is a bronze sculpture, 6 feet (1.8 m) tall, by John Thomas Riddle, Jr. It is located on the grounds of the Georgia State Capitol, 240 State Capitol SW, Atlanta, Georgia. It was commissioned in 1976 by the Georgia Legislative Black Caucus and unveiled on February 16, 1978, the second annual Georgia Association of Black Elected Officials Day. The statue commemorates the Original 33, the 33 African-American legislators who were expelled from the Georgia legislature in 1868. A plaque on the sculpture reads: “Expelled Because of Color” is dedicated to the memory of the 33 Black state legislators who were elected, yet expelled from the Georgia House because of their color in 1868.The cinder block forms at the base of the sculpture symbolize the building of black political awareness and self-representation in Georgia. Our enslavement, our role in the Revolutionary War, the Black church, our labor and the right to vote are components of the black Georgian's struggle from the slave ship to the State House.

text:
# Expelled Because of Color

***Expelled Because of Color*** is a bronze sculpture, 6 feet (1.8 m) tall, by John Thomas Riddle, Jr. It is located on the grounds of the Georgia State Capitol, 240 State Capitol SW, Atlanta, Georgia. It was commissioned in 1976 by the Georgia Legislative Black Caucus and unveiled on February 16, 1978, the second annual Georgia Association of Black Elected Officials Day.

The statue commemorates the Original 33, the 33 African-American legislators who were expelled from the Georgia legislature in 1868.

A plaque on the sculpture reads:

> “Expelled Because of Color” is dedicated to the memory of the 33 Black state legislators who were elected, yet expelled from the Georgia House because of their color in 1868.
> The cinder block forms at the base of the sculpture symbolize the building of black political awareness and self-representation in Georgia. Our enslavement, our role in the Revolutionary War, the Black church, our labor and the right to vote are components of the black Georgian's struggle from the slave ship to the State House.
>
> John Riddle, sculptor

## InfoBox

| *Expelled Because of Color* | |
| --- | --- |
| *Expelled Because of Color* (2020) | |
| Artist | John T. Riddle |
| Completion date | February 16, 1978 |
| Location | Georgia State Capitol, Atlanta, Georgia, United States |
| Coordinates | 33°44′56″N 84°23′16″W / 33.748966°N 84.387681°W / 33.748966; -84.387681 |


title: Executive Council of Nasarawa State

abstract: The Nasarawa State Executive Council is the highest formal governmental body that plays important roles in the Government of Nasarawa State headed by the Governor of Nasarawa State. It consists of the Deputy Governor, Secretary to the State Government, Chief of Staff, Commissioners who preside over ministerial departments, and the Governor's special aides.

text:
# Executive Council of Nasarawa State

The **Nasarawa State Executive Council** (also known as, the **Cabinet of Nasarawa State**) is the highest formal governmental body that plays important roles in the Government of Nasarawa State headed by the Governor of Nasarawa State. It consists of the Deputy Governor, Secretary to the State Government, Chief of Staff, Commissioners who preside over ministerial departments, and (with the consent of the legislative arm of the government) the Governor's special aides.

## Functions

The Executive Council exists to advise and direct the Governor. Their appointment as members of the Executive Council gives them the authority to execute power over their fields.

## Current cabinet

The Executive Council was serving under the administration of Governor Abdullahi Sule until it was dissolved by Sule in August 2021, dismissing all appointees.

| Office | Incumbent |
| --- | --- |
| Governor | Abdullahi Sule |
| Deputy Governor | Emmanuel Akabe |


title: ExpoTV

abstract: EXPO Tv or ExpoTV is an Internet TV network in Iran that prepares, produces and broadcasts video products. It was established in 2018. The company was discussed in Groundswell, a book by Forrester analysts.

text:
# ExpoTV

**EXPO Tv or ExpoTV** (شبکه اکسپو) is an Internet TV network (video platform) in Iran that prepares, produces and broadcasts video products. It was established in 2018. The company was discussed in *Groundswell*, a book by Forrester analysts.

## InfoBox

Expo Tv
| Nickname | شبکه اکسپو |
| --- | --- |
| Formation | 4K, 1080i, 720 |
| Type | Private |
| Location | * Iran |
| Official language | Persian - English |
| Website | www.irexpotv.com |


title: Extradition law in Nigeria

abstract: Nigeria is held by treaty to cooperate in extradition of criminals with several nations.

text:
# Extradition law in Nigeria

**Nigeria** is held by treaty to cooperate in extradition of criminals with several nations.

## United States

The extradition Treaty signed between the United States and other countries allows the United States to request from countries that have signed the Extradition Treaty to extradite persons who are wanted by the United States Security Authorities for criminal offences. Nigeria signed the Extradition Treaty with the United States on December 22, 1931 and entered into force on June 24, 1935.

Since then Nigeria has extradited several persons to the United States for various reasons ranging from drug, advance fee fraud, and terrorism related offenses. On August 28, 2013 a court in Nigeria on the request of the U.S. Embassy ordered the extradition to the US one Lawal Olaniyi Babafemi's on a federal indictment charging him for providing support to al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula by recruiting members to train in Yemen.

A recent incidence involving Senator-elect Buruji Kashamu, 56, who was on Monday, 25, May 2015, refused to attend a court hearing on his extradition to the United States on 20-year-old drug charges related to the TV hit "Orange is the New Black.” After years of inaction, the United States has requested his extradition, according to Nigeria's drug agency. A U.S. State Department official told The Associated Press that the department does not comment on law enforcement matters.

There is no public record showing the extradition of United States citizens to Nigeria since the treaty became effective in 1935. Despite being the party benefiting more from the treaty, the State Department in a 2009 report described Nigeria's extradition practices and procedures as an obstacle to anti-crime efforts. The report states that the US has several extradition requests pending in Nigeria for years.

## United Kingdom

The Hon. Attorney\_General of the Federation and Minister of Justice applied to the Federal High Court in Abuja to order the extradition of Mr Emmanuel Okoyomon and on May 4, May 2015 the Court ordered that Emmanuel Okoyomon, former Managing Director Nigerian Security Printing and Minting Company (NSPM) be extradited to the United Kingdom (UK) for trial for alleged corruption and money laundering. The court gave the Federal Government 30 days within which to extradite Okoyomon to the UK.


title: F.Y.I. - For Your Information

abstract: F.Y.I. - For Your Information is an Indian interactive game show hosted by Jamie Lever, a stand-up comedian and the daughter of Johny Lever. The series is a Flipkart Video original created by Indian Storytellers and directed by Ritika Bajaj. It was released on the Flipkart app on 16 January 2021.

text:
# F.Y.I. - For Your Information

**F.Y.I. - For Your Information** is an Indian interactive game show hosted by Jamie Lever, a stand-up comedian and the daughter of Johny Lever. The series is a Flipkart Video original created by Indian Storytellers and directed by Ritika Bajaj. It was released on the Flipkart app on 16 January 2021.

## Format

F.Y.I is a Hindi-language daily game show with each episode lasting 3–4 minutes. In every episode, the host asks three questions to the audience and four options are given for each one. These questions are based on pop culture, general knowledge, sports, politics and social media etc. Participants need to answer all three questions correctly to be eligible for the prizes. Winners will be announced at the end of each episode.

## Cast

The series marks the web debut of Jamie Lever who is the daughter of a noted comedian and Bollywood actor Johnny Lever. She will be seen playing a journalist who is keen, curious, and consistently on the chase for the most recent scoop.

## Production

The show's launch was announced with a teaser trailer in the mid of January on Flipkart Video's YouTube followed by the official promo which was launched on 15 January 2021.

## InfoBox

| *F.Y.I. - For Your Information* | |
| --- | --- |
| Show poster | |
| Genre | Game show |
| Created by | Indian Storyteller |
| Written by | Kousten Sahu |
| Directed by | Ritika Bajaj |
| Starring | Jamie Lever |
| Country of origin | India |
| Original language | Hindi |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| Production | |
| Production locations | Mumbai, Maharashtra, India |
| Original release | |
| Release | 16 January 2021 (2021-01-16) |


title: Extension (music)

abstract: In music, an extension is a set of musical notes that lie outside the standard range or tessitura.

text:
# Extension (music)

In music, an **extension** is a set of musical notes that lie outside the standard range or tessitura.

## Staff

A note that lies outside the lines of a musical staff is an extension of the staff. The note will lie on a ledger line. Middle C, for example, is an extension note on both treble and bass clefs, however is not outside the grand staff. Soprano C and Deep C lie two ledger lines above treble and below bass respectively (as well as the grand staff).

## Instruments

An instrumental extension is a range of playable notes outside the normal range of the instrument. A baritone horn, if played by a skillful player, can be played an octave above the normal range. Since this is not standard, these notes would be an extension. (See also: Crook (music)). With the bowed string instruments, lower pitches than the standard range are sometimes used through scordatura in which the lowest string is tuned down a note or two. The double bass sometimes uses a C extension extending the range of the E string downwards to C. Some Bösendorfer pianos have extra keys, extending the range several notes lower than a standard 88-key piano.

## Voice

In vocal performance, a singer's extension is all notes that are a part of the singer's vocal range that lie outside the singer's tessitura. This usually include notes that a singer can hit, but does not use on a regular basis. For example, a coloratura soprano regularly, as defined by range, will sing in the whistle register. A standard mezzo-soprano has a range to the high F or G above middle C, however a mezzo-soprano with good head voice extension can rival the coloratura soprano in range. However, since her normal tessitura is mezzo-soprano (or under Soprano C), her abilities in the whistle register would be considered her extension.

Although not commonly thought of, extension can be applied to the lower register as well. A baritone may actually be able to reach depths of low D or E below low C, but is more comfortable in the higher baritone tessitura. A special class of soprano, the soprano sfogato, while retaining the high notes characteristic of the soprano vocal range, may be able to hit down to E3 using the chest voice. Due to the rarity of true contraltos, usually mezzo-sopranos with strong low extension are employed instead in roles such as "Ulrica" in Verdi's *Un ballo in maschera*.

For men, their vocal extension upwards is usually co-terminus with his falsetto, unless they are a countertenor, barbershop tenor, or its equivalent in popular music.

Uses of extensions include:

* providing an *acuto*, i.e. an accented high note which may or may not be written in the score, e.g. in cadenzas, mad scenes, etc.
* providing a cadence *in acuti*, e.g. E6 at the end of "Sempre libera" in *La traviata* (which had in fact became a tradition if the soprano is able and the conductor allows it).
* ornamental purposes, usually in massive scale works, e.g. "D'amor al dolce impero" in Rossini's *Armida*


title: F420H2DH family

abstract: The H+-translocating F420H2 Dehydrogenase (F420H2DH) Family (TC# 3.D.9) is a member of the Na+ transporting Mrp superfamily. A single F420H2 dehydrogenase (also referred to as F420H2:quinol oxidoreductase) from the methanogenic archaeon, Methanosarcina mazei Gö1, has been shown to be a redox driven proton pump. The F420H2DH of M. mazei has a molecular size of about 120 kDa and contains Fe-S clusters and FAD. A similar five-subunit enzyme has been isolated from Methanolobus tindarius. The sulfate-reducing Archaeoglobus fulgidus (and several other archaea) also have this enzyme.

text:
# F420H2DH family

The **H+-translocating F420H2 Dehydrogenase (F420H2DH) Family** (TC# 3.D.9) is a member of the Na+ transporting Mrp superfamily. A single F420H2 dehydrogenase (also referred to as F420H2:quinol oxidoreductase) from the methanogenic archaeon, *Methanosarcina mazei* Gö1, has been shown to be a redox driven proton pump. The F420H2DH of *M. mazei* has a molecular size of about 120 kDa and contains Fe-S clusters and FAD. A similar five-subunit enzyme has been isolated from *Methanolobus tindarius*. The sulfate-reducing *Archaeoglobus fulgidus* (and several other archaea) also have this enzyme.

## Function

Reduction of 2-hydroxyphenazine by F420H2DH is accompanied by the translocation of 1 H+ per 2 electrons transferred.

### Transport Reaction

The overall vectorial reaction catalyzed by F420H2DH is

Reduced donor (2e) + H+ (in) ⇌ oxidized acceptor (2e) + H+ (out)

### Role in Methanogenesis

*Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis* has been isolated from the human gut and requires H2 and methanol or methylamines to produce methane. The organism lacks cytochromes, indicating that it cannot couple membrane-bound electron transfer reactions with the extrusion of protons or sodium ions using other known methanogenic pathways. Furthermore, *M. luminyensis* contains a soluble MvhAGD/HdrABC complex, as found in obligate hydrogenotrophic methanogens, but the energy conserving methyltransferase (MtrA-H) is absent. Evidence has been presented that *M. luminyensis* uses two types of heterodisulfide reductases (HdrABC and HdrD) in an energy conserving process. RT-qPCR studies revealed that genes coding for both heterodisulfide reductases were expressed at high levels. Other genes with high transcript abundance were *fpoA* as part of the operon encoding the 'headless' F420H2 dehydrogenase and *atpB* as part of the operon encoding the A1Ao ATP synthase. High activities of the soluble heterodisulfide reductase HdrABC and the hydrogenase MvhADG were found in the cytoplasm. Also, heterologously produced HdrD could reduce CoM-S-S-CoB using reduced methylviologen as electron donor. It is proposed that membrane-bound electron transfer is based on the conversion of two molecules of methanol and the concurrent formation of two molecules of the heterodisulfide CoM-S-S-CoB. First, the HdrABC/MvhADG complex catalyzes the H2-dependent reduction of CoM-S-S-CoB and the formation of reduced ferredoxin. Second, reduced ferredoxin is oxidized by the 'headless' F420H2 dehydrogenase, thereby translocating up to 4 H+ across the membrane, and electrons are channeled to HdrD for the reduction of the second heterodisulfide.

## Homology

The gene cluster encoding the F420H2DH includes 12 genes, *fpoABCDHIJKLMNO*. Several of the subunits are related to those of the mitochondrial 'complex I' NDH family members (TC# 3.D.1). Thus, the gene products, FpoA, H, J, K, L, M and N, are highly hydrophobic and are homologous to subunits that form the membrane integral module of NDH-1. FpoB, C, D and I have their counterparts in the amphipathic membrane-associated module of NDH-1. However, homologues of the hydrophilic subunits of the NADH-oxidizing complex are absent.

*As of this edit, this article uses content from* "3.D.9 The H+-translocating F420H2 Dehydrogenase (F420H2DH) Family"*, which is licensed in a way that permits reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, but not under the GFDL. All relevant terms must be followed.*

## InfoBox

| Identifiers | |
| --- | --- |
| Symbol | F420H2DH |
| TCDB | 3.D.9 |