title: Joi Cardwell (album)

abstract: Joi Cardwell is the eponymous second studio album by American singer Joi Cardwell. It was released on November 11, 1997, by Eightball Records in collaboration with WEA's Lightyear Entertainment. Most of the lyrical content of the album was inspired by Cardwell's personal life. Upon its release, Joi Cardwell received generally positive reviews from most music critics. It was also successful in international music markets and yielded four singles, including four commercial hits: "Soul to Bare", "Run to You", "Found Love" and "Power".

text:
# Joi Cardwell (album)

***Joi Cardwell*** is the eponymous second studio album by American singer Joi Cardwell. It was released on November 11, 1997, by Eightball Records in collaboration with WEA's Lightyear Entertainment. Most of the lyrical content of the album was inspired by Cardwell's personal life.

Upon its release, *Joi Cardwell* received generally positive reviews from most music critics. It was also successful in international music markets and yielded four singles, including four commercial hits: "Soul to Bare", "Run to You", "Found Love" and "Power".

## Recording and production

Cardwell began her second album in mid-1996. The album was at four different recording studios in New York City including Big Screen Studios, Fusion Studios, Num Sound Studios, and Gomi's Lair Productions. Cardwell decided to enlist in recording and writing with more producers and taking a slightly lesser production than she did on her debut album. Producers Phillip Damien, Hani Al-Bader, Bluejean, Frankie Knuckles, Brinsley Evans each contributed tracks and mixes, while Cardwell also self-produced several songs. The songs were mastered and engineered by Konrad Carelli and Gerald Freeman in New York City.

*Joi Cardwell* was influenced by a variety of American genres, and, like Cardwell's previous album, incorporated urban contemporary elements including contemporary R&B and jazz. Cardwell crafted most songs on the album through live instrumentation and diverse techniques. This is evident on "Stop & Think", which utilizes bass guitar, drums, keyboard, and different percussion instruments.

## Release and promotion

After the success of her previous album, Eightball Records decided to partner with WEA's Lightyear Entertainment to distribute *Joi Cardwell*. The album was released on November 11, 1997 in North America. Cardwell, who had toured throughout the year of 1997, decided to briefly concluded to cope with the untimely death of her mother Jacqueline Cardwell; who died of metastatic breast cancer.

"Soul to Bare", produced in collaboration with Hani Al-Bader, was released on February 3, 1997, as the album's lead single. The song peaked in the top-two on *Billboard*'s Hot Dance Music/Club Play. "Run to You" was released on November 25. It became her second solo highest-charting single, opening at number forty-four on the *Billboard* Club Play chart; ultimately peaking at number 1 for two weeks.

The album's third single "Found Love" was released on October 12, 1998, as the third single. Produced by Frankie Knuckles, the song was described as more romantic in comparison to her previous single releases. "Found Love" peaked at number five on the Club Play chart. "Power", the album's final single, was released on November 23, 1998. Along with the release of each single, remix EPs were released.

## Critical reception

*Joi Cardwell* received generally positive reviews from music critics. Paul Verna of *Billboard* magazine gave a nod to Cardwell by saying, "As the set's dominant producer and songwriter, Cardwell scores equally high marks in both roles." AllMusic gave the album three out of five stars. Barry Walters of *The Advocate* highlights the album's tone and timbre as particularly emotional and honest in lyrical content, stating "Cardwell refines the rawness of her debut while maintaining its emotional honesty. *Joi Cardwell* is much more lush and club-ready."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Run to You" |  | * Damien | 4:26 |
| 2. | "Soul to Bare" | * Cardwell * Hani Al-Bader | * Al-Bader | 3:31 |
| 3. | "Crying Eyes" | * Cardwell | * Cardwell * Bluejeans | 4:06 |
| 4. | "Stop & Think" | * Cardwell | * Cardwell | 4:29 |
| 5. | "Found Love" |  | * Knuckles | 6:29 |
| 6. | "Wet" | * Cardwell | * Cardwell | 4:11 |
| 7. | "Run to You (Dahoud's R&B Mix)" | * Cardwell * Damien | * Damien | 3:59 |
| 8. | "Power" | * Cardwell * Brinsley Evans | * Cardwell * Evans | 6:20 |
| 9. | "Turn Back Time (M.C.D.C.'s Album Version)" | * Cardwell * David Carlucci * DJ Mike Cruz | * Carlucci * Cruz | 4:16 |
| 10. | "You Got to Pray (Gomi's Lair X-Beat Vocal Edit)" | * Cardwell * Willy Washington * DJ Mike Cruz | * Cardwell * Gomi | 7:49 |
| 11. | "Soul to Bare (Hex Hector's Mix)" | * Cardwell * Al-Bader |  | 6:27 |
| 12. | "Power (Brinsley's R&B Version)" | * Cardwell | * Cardwell * Evans | 4:23 |
| Total length: | | | | 60:17 |

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Joi Cardwell | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Joi Cardwell | |
| Released | November 11, 1997 (1997-11-11) |
| Recorded | 1996–1997 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 60:17 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
| Joi Cardwell chronology | |
| *The World Is Full of Trouble*
(1995) ***Joi Cardwell***
(1997) *Clubland's Greatest Hits*
(1998) | |
|  | |
| Joi Cardwell studio album chronology | |
| *The World Is Full of Trouble*
(1995) ***Joi Cardwell***
(1997) *Deliverance*
(1999) | |
| Singles from  *Joi Cardwell* | |
| 1. "Soul to Bare"
Released: February 3, 1997 2. "Run to You"
Released: November 25, 1997 3. "Found Love"
Released: October 12, 1998 4. "Power"
Released: November 23, 1998 | |
|  | |


title: Valentin Miculescu

abstract: Valentin Miculescu is a Romanian former footballer who last played for Liga II club FCM Reșița.

text:
# Valentin Miculescu

**Valentin Miculescu**  (born 4 September 1975) is a Romanian former footballer who last played for Liga II club FCM Reșița.

## Club career

Miculescu had a spell in Hungary where he played for Békéscsaba Előre.

## Personal life

Valentin's son, David Miculescu, is also a footballer.

## InfoBox

Valentin Miculescu
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1975-09-04) 4 September 1975 | | |
| Place of birth | Timișoara, Romania | | |
| Height | 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Striker | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1995–1996 | Electrica Timișoara | ? | (?) |
| 1996–1997 | UM Timișoara | 43 | (31) |
| 1997–2000 | Politehnica Timișoara | 63 | (12) |
| 2001–2002 | UTA Arad | 30 | (15) |
| 2002–2005 | Békéscsaba Előre | 63 | (15) |
| 2005 | UTA Arad | 10 | (2) |
| 2005–2006 | Bihor Oradea | 19 | (9) |
| 2007–2008 | Unirea Sânnicolau Mare | 30 | (11) |
| 2008 | Progresul Gătaia | 13 | (9) |
| 2009 | Fortuna Covaci | 13 | (9) |
| Total |  | **284** | **(113)** |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Fadhila Chitour

abstract: Fadhila Boumendjel-Chitour is a professor at the Faculty of Medicine of Algiers and an Algerian human rights activist. She is the former head of the CHU Bab El Oued (Algiers). Born into a revolutionary family, Bowmanel-Chitour is the daughter of Ahmed Boumendjel and the niece of Ali Boumendjel.

text:
# Fadhila Chitour

**Fadhila Boumendjel-Chitour** (born 2 March 1942, in Blida) is a professor at the Faculty of Medicine of Algiers and an Algerian human rights activist. She is the former head of the CHU Bab El Oued (Algiers). Born into a revolutionary family, Bowmanel-Chitour is the daughter of Ahmed Boumendjel and the niece of Ali Boumendjel.

## Biography

Boumendjel studied at Jules Ferry High School in Paris, where her father was a lawyer. She studied Latin in secondary school and college, while being determined to become a doctor. She has said, "Of course, philosophy was my crazy love. But I felt that I needed to be able to concretely and effectively contribute to build my country. I had to put myself at the service of others, hence the choice of medicine: a choice that I do not regret, since I had a passion for this job."

## Career

From 1988 to 1990, she was the president of the Medical Committee Against Torture before helping to found the Algerian branch of Amnesty International, which she chaired between 1991 and 1993. A feminist activist, she founded the Wassila Network, which fights violence against women and children. She represented Amnesty International Algeria between 2000 and 2009 and became its vice-president in 2009.

1. "Portrait d'une femme extraordinaire, au coeur de tous les combats de l'Algérie : Fadhila Boumendjel – Maghzine". *www.ert.tn* (in French). Archived from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
2. "Bio express". Retrieved 17 August 2019.
3. "TORTURE ET HISTOIRE – socialgerie". *www.socialgerie.net* (in French). Retrieved 19 May 2018.
4. Amnesty International Algerie (9 April 2017). "Qui sommes-nous?". Retrieved 19 May 2018.
5. Zmirli, Amayas (9 March 2018). "Algérie – Droits des femmes : " les violences les plus fréquentes sont familiales et conjugales "". *Le Point* (in French). Retrieved 17 August 2019.
6. L’enfant dans le système de santé algérien
7. Fadhila Chitour-Boumendjel

## InfoBox

| Fadhila Chitour | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| President of Amnesty International Algeria | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Fadhila Boumendjel
2 March 1942
Blida |
| Nationality | Algeria Algerian |
| Alma mater | University of Algiers |
| Occupation | Professor at the Faculty of Medicine of Algiers and human rights activist |
|  | |


title: 1913 Cork Senior Football Championship

abstract: The 1913 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 27th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. Macroom entered the championship as the defending champions. On 7 September 1913, Macroom won the championship following a 1–02 to 0–03 defeat of Fermoy in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds. This was their fourth championship title overall and their second title in succession.

text:
# 1913 Cork Senior Football Championship

The **1913 Cork Senior Football Championship** was the 27th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.

Macroom entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 7 September 1913, Macroom won the championship following a 1–02 to 0–03 defeat of Fermoy in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds. This was their fourth championship title overall and their second title in succession.

## Results

### Final

| 7 September 1913 Final | **Macroom** | **1-02 - 0-03** | **Fermoy** | Cork Athletic Grounds, Cork |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

1913 Cork Senior Football Championship
| Champions | Macroom (4th title) |
| --- | --- |
| Runners-up | Fermoy |
| 1912 (Previous) (Next) 1914 | |


title: Reeves of Bath

abstract: Reeves was the most prominent firm of monumental masons in Bath, Somerset. They flourished from c. 1778 to the 1860s. They often signed their work with "Reeves," or occasionally "Reeves & Son of Bath" when commissioned outside of Bath. One memorial is in the Grade I-listed City of London church St. Magnus the Martyr.

text:
# Reeves of Bath

**Reeves** was the most prominent firm of monumental masons (tombstone carvers) in Bath, Somerset. They flourished from c. 1778 to the 1860s. They often signed their work with "Reeves," or occasionally "Reeves & Son of Bath" when commissioned outside of Bath. One memorial is in the Grade I-listed City of London church St. Magnus the Martyr.

## List of works

## Contemporary Monumental Masons in Bath


title: Valea Argovei

abstract: Valea Argovei is a commune in Călărași County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Lunca, Ostrovu, Siliștea, Valea Argovei and Vlădiceasca. As of 2007 Valea Argovei has a population of 2,529.

text:
# Valea Argovei

**Valea Argovei** is a commune in Călărași County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Lunca, Ostrovu, Siliștea, Valea Argovei and Vlădiceasca.

As of 2007 Valea Argovei has a population of 2,529.

## InfoBox

| Valea Argovei | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Location in Călărași County | |
| Valea ArgoveiLocation in Romania | |
| Coordinates: 44°21′N 26°47′E / 44.350°N 26.783°E / 44.350; 26.783 | |
| Country | Romania |
| County | Călărași |
| Area | 87.87 km2 (33.93 sq mi) |
| Population (2021-12-01) | 2,314 |
| Density | 26/km2 (68/sq mi) |
| Time zone | EET/EEST (UTC+2/+3) |
| Vehicle reg. | CL |


title: Joint Stock Theatre Company

abstract: The Joint Stock Theatre Company was founded in London 1974 by David Hare, Max Stafford-Clark Paul Kember and David Aukin. The director William Gaskill was also part of the company. It was primarily a company which presented new plays. Joint Stock created a style of working with writers using company research to inspire workshops. From these workshops writers such as David Hare, Howard Brenton and Caryl Churchill would gather material to inspire a writing phase before rehearsals began. This methodology is sometimes referred to as The Joint Stock Method. Significant productions include Hare's Fanshen, Brenton's Epsom Downs, Stephen Lowe's Ragged Trousered Philanthropists and Churchill's Cloud Nine. The company ceased to be active in 1989. In 1993 Max Stafford-Clark founded the touring company Out of Joint which shares some working practices with Joint Stock.

text:
# Joint Stock Theatre Company

The **Joint Stock Theatre Company** was founded in London 1974 by David Hare, Max Stafford-Clark Paul Kember and David Aukin. The director William Gaskill was also part of the company. It was primarily a company which presented new plays.

Joint Stock created a style of working with writers using company research to inspire workshops. From these workshops writers such as David Hare, Howard Brenton and Caryl Churchill would gather material to inspire a writing phase before rehearsals began. This methodology is sometimes referred to as The Joint Stock Method. Significant productions include Hare's *Fanshen*, Brenton's *Epsom Downs*, Stephen Lowe's *Ragged Trousered Philanthropists* and Churchill's *Cloud Nine*.

The company ceased to be active in 1989. In 1993 Max Stafford-Clark founded the touring company Out of Joint which shares some working practices with Joint Stock.

## Productions

| Production | Writer | Venue | Year |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| The Speakers | adapted by the company from Heathcote Williams 'the speaker' | Birmingham Repertory Studio and tour | 1974 |
| Shivvers | by Stanley Eveling | Traverse Theatre and Theatre Upstairs | 1974 |
| X | by Barry Reckord | Theatre Upstairs and Royal Court | 1974 |
| Fourth Day Like Four Long Months of Absence | by Colin Bennett | Traverse Theatre and Theatre Upstairs | 1974 |
| Doomduckers Ball | a company adaptation based on an idea by Neil Johnston | Oval House and Theatre Upstairs | 1975 |
| Fanshen | by David Hare, adapted from William Hinton | Crucible Studio Theatre and Sheffield | 1975 |
| Yesterday’s News | Company devised | West End Centre and Theatre Upstairs | 1976 |
| Light Shining in Buckinghamshire | Caryl Churchill | Traverse Theatre and Theatre Upstairs | 1976 |
| The Speakers (revival) | adapted by the company from Heathcote Williams 'the speaker' | International tour | 1976 |
| Devil’s Island | Tony Bicât | Sherman Theatre and Royal Court | 1977 |
| A Thought in Three Parts | Wallace Shawn | ICA | 1977 |
| A Mad World, My Masters | Barrie Keeffe | Young Vic and Roundhouse | 1977 |
| Epsom Downs | Howard Brenton | Roundhouse | 1977 |
| The Glad Hand | Snoo Wilson | Royal Court Theatre | 1978 |
| The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists | Stephen Lowe, based on the book by Robert Tressell | Plymouth Arts Centre and Riverside Studios | 1978 |
| Cloud Nine | Caryl Churchill | Dartington College of the Arts | 1979 |
| The House | David Halliwell | Dartington Hall | 1979 |
| An Optimistic Thrust | Company devised | Nuffield Studio Theatre | 1980 |
| Cloud Nine (revival) | Caryl Churchill | Royal Court | 1980 |
| Say Your Prayers | Nick Darke | College of St. Mark and St. John | 1981 |
| Borderline | Hanif Kureishi | Jackson’s Lane Community Centre and Royal Court Theatre | 1981 |
| Deadlines | Stephen Wakelam | Royal Court & Crucible Theatre, Sheffield | 1985 |
| Sanctuary | Ralph Brown | Drill Hall & Salisbury Playhouse | 1987 |

* Ritchie, R. (ed.) (1987), *The Joint Stock Book: Making of a Theatre Collective*, London: Methuen, ISBN 0-413-41030-7
* Stafford-Clark, M., and P. Roberts (2007), *Taking Stock: The Theatre of Max Stafford-Clark*, London: Nick Hern Books, ISBN 1-85459-840-6
* Baz Kershaw, "Building an unstable pyramid - the fragmentation of British alternative theatre", in *New Theatre Quarterly*, Volume XI, no. 36, November 1993; pp. 348-356.

## External reference


title: Jonathan Comer

abstract: Jonathan S. Comer. is an American psychologist who is a Professor of Psychology and Psychiatry at Florida International University. He is currently the director of an interdisciplinary clinical research program called the Mental health Interventions and Novel Therapeutics (MINT) Program. The MINT program focuses on improving the quality, scope, and accessibility of mental health care. Comer also serves as director of the Network for Enhancing Wellness in Disaster-Affected Youth, a SAMHSA-funded program in the National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN) that provides trauma-informed training and consultation to youth-serving professionals in disaster-prone and disaster-hit regions. Comer is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association and a leader in the field of clinical child and adolescent psychology. The author of over 250 scientific papers and chapters, he has received early career awards from the American Psychological Association, the Association for Psychological Science, and the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies for his work. His research has been funded by federal agencies and by several private foundations and non-profit organizations. He has also received funding from the Andrew Kukes Foundation for Social Anxiety. Comer received his B.A. from the University of Rochester. He attended graduate school at Temple University where he received his M.A. and Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology with a Concentration in Developmental Psychopathology. Comer completed his clinical psychology internship training at the NYU-Bellevue Clinical Psychology Internship Program and at the NYU Child Study Center in the Child and Adolescent Track. After completing his clinical psychology internship training, Comer completed an NIH-funded Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Child Psychiatry at Columbia University. At Columbia, he also served as Chief Research Fellow in the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

text:
# Jonathan Comer

**Jonathan S. Comer.** is an American psychologist who is a Professor of Psychology and Psychiatry at Florida International University. He is currently the director of an interdisciplinary clinical research program called the Mental health Interventions and Novel Therapeutics (MINT) Program. The MINT program focuses on improving the quality, scope, and accessibility of mental health care. Comer also serves as director of the Network for Enhancing Wellness in Disaster-Affected Youth (NEW DAY), a SAMHSA-funded program in the National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN) that provides trauma-informed training and consultation to youth-serving professionals in disaster-prone and disaster-hit regions. Comer is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association and a leader in the field of clinical child and adolescent psychology. The author of over 250 scientific papers and chapters, he has received early career awards from the American Psychological Association, the Association for Psychological Science, and the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies for his work. His research has been funded by federal agencies (such as the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, the Substance Use and Mental Health Services Administration, and the National Science Foundation) and by several private foundations and non-profit organizations. He has also received funding from the Andrew Kukes Foundation for Social Anxiety.

Comer received his B.A. from the University of Rochester. He attended graduate school at Temple University where he received his M.A. and Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology with a Concentration in Developmental Psychopathology. Comer completed his clinical psychology internship training at the NYU-Bellevue Clinical Psychology Internship Program and at the NYU Child Study Center in the Child and Adolescent Track. After completing his clinical psychology internship training, Comer completed an NIH-funded Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Child Psychiatry at Columbia University. At Columbia, he also served as Chief Research Fellow in the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

## Research

Comer's research examines four overlapping areas of study. First, his work focuses on the development of innovative methods to improve access to effective mental health treatments and services. He conducts research on new technologies (such as videoconferencing, mobile platforms, and A.I.) to meaningfully expand the reach of mental health care. He also uses epidemiologic datasets to determine problems in the quality and accessibility of mental health services.\</ref\> Second, he has focused much of his career on exploring anxiety disorders and behavioral issues which appear early in life. Third, he studies the course of disorders that may develop in children and families following certain traumas. He has published extensively, and received media attention, on the impact of the 9/11 terror attacks, the Boston Marathon bombing, Hurricane Irma and the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, Comer served as a consultant throughout the federal trial of *United States v. Dzhokhar Tsarnaev*. Fourth, Comer's work in recent years has expanded to study biological markers and neurocircuitry patterns associated with psychopathology and treatment response.

## Books

Comer has authored several undergraduate and graduate textbooks and handbooks, including *Psychopathology: Science and Practice, 12th edition* (Comer & Comer, 2024), "Fundamentals of Psychopathology, 11th edition" (Comer & Comer, 2025), and *The Oxford Handbook of Research Strategies for Clinical Psychology* (Comer & Kendall, 2013).

## Professional roles

Comer is Past President of the Society of Clinical Psychology (Division 12 of the American Psychological Association). He was also an elected Officer in the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology where he served on the board of directors. Comer is Editor-in-Chief of *Behavior Therapy* and previously was Editor-in-Chief of the *Clinical Psychologist*. He also serves as Chair of the Miami International Child and Adolescent Mental Health (MICAMH) conference, an annual interdisciplinary conference hosted at Florida International University that presents evidence-based practices in child and adolescent mental health.

## InfoBox

| Jonathan S. Comer | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Princeton, New Jersey |
| Citizenship | United States of America |
| Known for | research on anxiety disorders, telehealth for mental health challenges, the effects of disasters and terrorism on children and families, disruptive behavior problems, and child trauma. |
| Title | Professor of Psychology and Psychiatry and Director of the Mental Health Interventions and Technology (MINT) Program |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | Temple University University of Rochester |
| Doctoral advisor | Philip C. Kendall |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Psychology |
|  | |
| Website | Jonathan Comer |


title: Valluri Balakrishna

abstract: Valluri Balakrishna was an Indian actor who primarily appeared in Telugu films as a comedian. He acted in more than 100 films as a comedian, but the role he played in the movie Patala Bhairavi alongside N. T. Rama Rao as "Anji Gadu" made him popular with the audience. He also played a role Sarathi in the very popular film Mayabazar. Another Telugu comedian Rajababu used to felicitate one veteran on his birthday every year. He started this tradition with Valluri Balakrishna because he was very much inspired by his acting in the film Patala Bhairavi. He watched that film around 90 times.

text:
# Valluri Balakrishna

**Valluri Balakrishna** was an Indian actor who primarily appeared in Telugu films as a comedian. He acted in more than 100 films as a comedian, but the role he played in the movie *Patala Bhairavi* alongside N. T. Rama Rao as "Anji Gadu" made him popular with the audience. He also played a role *Sarathi* in the very popular film *Mayabazar*.

Another Telugu comedian Rajababu used to felicitate one veteran on his birthday every year. He started this tradition with Valluri Balakrishna because he was very much inspired by his acting in the film *Patala Bhairavi*. He watched that film around 90 times.

## Filmography

## InfoBox

| Valluri Balakrishna | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Other names | Anjigadu |
| Occupation | Actor |


title: 1920 New Zealand Royal Visit Honours

abstract: The 1920 New Zealand Royal Visit Honours were appointments by George V of New Zealanders to the Royal Victorian Order, to mark the visit of the Prince of Wales to New Zealand that year. The recipients were invested by the prince at a dinner aboard HMS Renown in Lyttelton Harbour on 21 March 1920. The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.

text:
# 1920 New Zealand Royal Visit Honours

The **1920 New Zealand Royal Visit Honours** were appointments by George V of New Zealanders to the Royal Victorian Order, to mark the visit of the Prince of Wales to New Zealand that year. The recipients were invested by the prince at a dinner aboard HMS *Renown* in Lyttelton Harbour on 21 March 1920.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.

## Royal Victorian Order

### Knight Commander (KCVO)

### Member, fourth class (MVO)

In 1984, Members of the Royal Victorian Order, fourth class, were redesignated as Lieutenants of the Royal Victorian Order (LVO).


title: Fairview, Oregon

abstract: Fairview is a city in Multnomah County, Oregon, United States. The population was 10,424 at the 2020 census.

text:
# Fairview, Oregon

**Fairview** is a city in Multnomah County, Oregon, United States. The population was 10,424 at the 2020 census.

## History

Members of the Multnomah tribe of Chinookan Indians lived in a village on Sauvie Island by the Columbia River (the future site of Fairview) when the Lewis and Clark Expedition visited the area in 1806. By the 1840s and 1850s, white settlers began hay, grain, and livestock operations in what would become eastern Multnomah County. Railroad tracks extended to the area by the 1890s. As the population grew, it may be assumed that residents began referring to the locale as Fairview because of the pleasing views of the nearby Columbia, the Columbia River Gorge, and Mount Hood, though an alternative testimony explains this name originated from the area's ideal lookout spot for approaching hostile natives. Since another community named Fairview already existed on the Oregon Coast, the community's first post office was named Cleone until the coastal post office closed and the name was transferred to Fairview.

In the mid-1980s, the city attempted to annex a large section of unincorporated territory in eastern Multnomah County. The plan would have created a city of about 120,000 residents, which at the time would have ranked as the second most populous city in Oregon, behind only Portland. In September 1985, the Oregon Supreme Court ruled that the attempt was invalid as state law required two cities to start any attempt at consolidation, and only Fairview had initiated this attempt.

A large Fairview employer is Townsend Farms, which operates a berry freezing cannery. In 2020 the company had approximately 350 employees in the region, with 450 seasonal workers; it was the source of a Hepatitis A outbreak in pomegranate seeds in 2013 that infected 127 people in 8 states. The product was recalled under its Townsend Farms brand at Costco and private labeled at Harris Teeter, and later linked to Goknur Foodstuffs Import Export Trading in Turkey by the FDA. The cannery itself had a COVID-19 outbreak in 2020, which may have caused two waves of infections affecting at least 48 people. The cannery did not shut down, and the outbreak spread for weeks before the state was notified. The company has blueberry orchards in Applegate Valley near Grants Pass and Cornelius, as well as others in Oregon and Washington.

On August 31, 2024, a small plane crashed into power transmission lines and a row of townhouses in Fairview setting the row afire, killing two people aboard the plane and one in a townhouse, and causing temporary power outages across eastern Multnomah County. The Cessna 421C was on a maintenance test flight from Troutdale Airport, about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) east of the crash site. Flames from the crash destroyed three townhouses and badly damaged three others.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.58 square miles (9.27 km2), of which, 3.09 square miles (8.00 km2) is land and 0.49 square miles (1.27 km2) is water.

The area also features the Salish Ponds, two small freshwater lakes popular for fishing and its adjacent hiking trails.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1910 | 204 |  |  |
| 1920 | 184 |  | −9.8% |
| 1930 | 266 |  | 44.6% |
| 1940 | 305 |  | 14.7% |
| 1950 | 438 |  | 43.6% |
| 1960 | 578 |  | 32.0% |
| 1970 | 1,045 |  | 80.8% |
| 1980 | 1,749 |  | 67.4% |
| 1990 | 2,391 |  | 36.7% |
| 2000 | 7,561 |  | 216.2% |
| 2010 | 8,920 |  | 18.0% |
| 2020 | 10,424 |  | 16.9% |
| 2022 (est.) | 10,768 |  | 3.3% |
| U.S. Decennial Census
2020 Census | | | |

### 2020 census

As of the 2020 census, there were 10,424 people and 4,496 households residing in the city. The population density was 3,374.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 71.7% White, 11.4% African American, 1.0% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 3.4% Pacific Islander, and 12.4% other racial identities.

### 2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 8,920 people, 3,544 households, and 2,274 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,886.7 inhabitants per square mile (1,114.6/km2). There were 3,786 housing units at an average density of 1,225.2 per square mile (473.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 73.1% White, 4.6% African American, 1.1% Native American, 5.5% Asian, 1.0% Pacific Islander, 9.7% from other races, and 5.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16.4% of the population.

There were 3,544 households, of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.9% were married couples living together, 14.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.8% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.04.

The median age in the city was 35 years. 23.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.6% were from 25 to 44; 26.2% were from 45 to 64; and 10% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.1% male and 51.9% female.

### 2000 census

As of the 2000 census, there were 7,561 people, 2,831 households, and 1,936 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,360.8 inhabitants per square mile (911.5/km2). There were 3,116 housing units at an average density of 972.9 per square mile (375.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 76.21% White, 3.44% Asian, 3.04% African American, 0.83% Native American, 0.37% Pacific Islander, 10.51% from other races, and 5.59% from two or more races. 16% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,831 households, out of which 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.9% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.6% were non-families. 22.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.13.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 33.7% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $40,931, and the median income for a family was $43,317. Males had a median income of $37,342 versus $25,909 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,006. About 13.5% of families and 19.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.1% of those under age 18 and 12.4% of those age 65 or over.

## Government

House District 49 encompasses the city of Fairview, as well as surrounding cities of Troutdale, Wood Village, and parts of Gresham. It is represented by Democrat Zach Hudson. As part of House District 49, Fairview is also part of Senate District 25 (composed of House Districts 49 and 50) represented by Democrat Chris Gorsek (who previously served as House representative).

## Education

Fairview is served by the Reynolds School District. Fairview Elementary, Salish Ponds Elementary, Woodland Elementary, and Reynolds Middle School are in the city.

## Transportation

### TriMet

Fairview is served by two Trimet bus lines: 21-Sandy Blvd/233rd and 77-Broadway/Halsey.

### Major highways

## InfoBox

| Fairview | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Fairview Lake | |
| Location in Oregon | |
| Coordinates: 45°32′49″N 122°26′20″W / 45.54694°N 122.43889°W / 45.54694; -122.43889 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Oregon |
| County | Multnomah |
| Incorporated | 1908 |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Keith Kudrna |
| Area | |
| City | 3.54 sq mi (9.17 km2) |
| Land | 3.09 sq mi (8.00 km2) |
| Water | 0.45 sq mi (1.17 km2) |
| Elevation | 23 ft (7 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| City | 10,424 |
| Estimate (2022) | 10,768 |
| Density | 3,374.55/sq mi (1,302.73/km2) |
| Metro | 2,509,489 |
| Time zone | UTC–8 (Pacific (PST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC–7 (PDT) |
| ZIP code | 97024 |
| Area code(s) | 503 and 971 |
| FIPS code | 41-24250 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2410478 |
| Website | fairvieworegon.gov |


title: Regius Professor

abstract: A Regius Professor is a university professor who has, or originally had, royal patronage or appointment. They are a unique feature of academia in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The first Regius Professorship was in the field of medicine, and founded by the Scottish King James IV at the University of Aberdeen in 1497. Regius chairs have since been instituted in various universities, in disciplines judged to be fundamental and for which there is a continuing and significant need. Each was established by an English, Scottish, or British monarch, and following proper advertisement and interview through the offices of the university and the national government, the current monarch still appoints the professor. This royal imprimatur, and the relative rarity of these professorships, means a Regius chair is prestigious and highly sought-after. Regius Professors are traditionally addressed as "Regius" and not "Professor". The University of Glasgow currently has the highest number of extant Regius chairs, at fourteen. Traditionally, Regius Chairs only existed in the seven ancient universities of the UK and Ireland. In October 2012 it was announced that Queen Elizabeth II would create up to six new Regius Professorships, to be announced in early 2013, to mark her Diamond Jubilee. In January 2013 the full list was announced, comprising twelve new chairs, probably the largest number ever created in one year, and more than created in most centuries. In July 2015 it was announced that further Regius Professorships would be created to mark the Queen's 90th birthday.

text:
# Regius Professor

A **Regius Professor** is a university professor who has, or originally had, royal patronage or appointment. They are a unique feature of academia in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The first Regius Professorship was in the field of medicine, and founded by the Scottish King James IV at the University of Aberdeen in 1497. Regius chairs have since been instituted in various universities, in disciplines judged to be fundamental and for which there is a continuing and significant need. Each was established by an English, Scottish, or British monarch, and following proper advertisement and interview through the offices of the university and the national government, the current monarch still appoints the professor (except for those at Trinity College Dublin in Ireland, which left the United Kingdom in 1922). This royal imprimatur, and the relative rarity of these professorships, means a Regius chair is prestigious and highly sought-after.

Regius Professors are traditionally addressed as "Regius" and not "Professor". The University of Glasgow currently has the highest number of extant Regius chairs, at fourteen.

Traditionally, Regius Chairs only existed in the seven ancient universities of the UK and Ireland. In October 2012 it was announced that Queen Elizabeth II would create up to six new Regius Professorships, to be announced in early 2013, to mark her Diamond Jubilee. In January 2013 the full list was announced, comprising twelve new chairs, probably the largest number ever created in one year, and more than created in most centuries. In July 2015 it was announced that further Regius Professorships would be created to mark the Queen's 90th birthday.

## University of Aberdeen

## Aston University

## Cardiff University

* Regius Professor of Chemistry (2016)

## University of Cambridge

## Trinity College Dublin

## University of Dundee

## University of Edinburgh

## University of Essex

## University of Glasgow

## Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine

## University of Liverpool

## University of London

## University of Manchester

## Newcastle University

## Open University

## University of Oxford

## Queen's University Belfast

## University of Reading

## University of St Andrews

## University of Southampton

## University of Surrey

## University of Warwick


title: VIRsiRNAdb

abstract: VIRsiRNAdb is a database of siRNA/shRNA targeting viral genome regions.

text:
# VIRsiRNAdb

**VIRsiRNAdb** is a database of siRNA/shRNA targeting viral genome regions.

1. Thakur, Nishant; Qureshi Abid; Kumar Manoj (Jan 2012). "VIRsiRNAdb: a curated database of experimentally validated viral siRNA/shRNA". *Nucleic Acids Res*. **40** (1). England: D230-6. doi:10.1093/nar/gkr1147. PMC 3245049. PMID 22139916.

## InfoBox

VIRsiRNAdb
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Content | |
| Description | experimentally validated viral siRNA/shRNA. |
| Contact | |
| Authors | Nishant Thakur |
| Primary citation | Thakur & al. (2012) |
| Release date | 2011 |
| Access | |
| Website | http://crdd.osdd.net/servers/virsirnadb. |


title: Vallata dello Stilaro

abstract: The Vallata dello Stilaro is a valley in the Province of Reggio Calabria of Southern Italy. It takes its name from river that flow in the area, the Stilaro. The principal settlements present in the valley are Bivongi, Monasterace, Pazzano and Stilo. The Ecomuseo delle ferriere e fonderie di Calabria, preserves and promotes the natural, artistic and cultural things of the place.

text:
# Vallata dello Stilaro

The **Vallata dello Stilaro** is a valley in the Province of Reggio Calabria of Southern Italy. It takes its name from river that flow in the area, the Stilaro.

The principal settlements present in the valley are Bivongi, Monasterace, Pazzano and Stilo. The Ecomuseo delle ferriere e fonderie di Calabria, preserves and promotes the natural, artistic and cultural things of the place.

## History

The first evidence of settlements in the valley come from the ancient Greeks between the 8th and 7th centuries BC where along the coast, near the Assi river, the established the little colony of Caulonia, estimated to have included 10,000 people. Kaulon trades with inland indigenous people that mined minerals. They coined money with local silver. For its sources Kaulon was desired by Locri and Kroton colonies. In the first half of the 4th century BC, the Stilaro river (at that time called Elleporo) was the site of an important battle between Dionisio I and Lega italiota (italiota league) made up by a group of colonies of Magna Grecia. Lega italiota was defeated.

After that, the region was conquered by Romans, who largely mined copper and created a colonial penalty for "damnata ad metalla" and deforesting the valley for wood and shipbuilding.

In the 10th century under the Byzantine empire, there was economic and demographic growth and 22 *calasi* (little villages) with 37 convents, churches, and hermit caves were established by the Greek monks of Saint Basilio. The "Casale of Stilo" grew in importance and incorporated Pazzano, Stignano, Guardavalle, Riace and Camini "casalia". On 15 July 982 AD, the Battle of Stilo was fought between Ottone II and a Byzantine/Arab alliance which won.

The first iron foundries come out at 1516, owned by Charles V, some of those were sold between 1523 and 1523 with two diplomas to his esquire Cesare Fieramosca: Campoli Village's foundries and Bivongi foundry. In this Norman period the valley turn to Catholicism, and the Hermit of Monte Stella is turned in a sanctuary dedicated to Mary. A statue was located in the cave.

At the end of 16th century there was an increase in mining at the Complesso siderurgico dell'Assi (Assi iron complex). In 1771 a new iron complex was created near the Serre mountain chain and Valley of Stilaro: Polo siderurgico di Mongiana

In 1811, under French power, Stilo villages: Camini, Pazzano, Placanica and Riace became autonomous comunes (Italian for villages). During the Kingdom of Italy, in 1875 two railways came to the area. In 1881, 200,000 ducati was spent to build a new route to link the Ionian Sea with the Tyrrhenian Sea that cross the Valley of Stilaro and Serre mountains (future Statale State 110).

In 1922 and 1923 two small hydroelectric power plants were built in Bivongi.

On 9 July 1940, during the Second World War, east of Cape Stilo, the Battle of Punta Stilo took place between the Italian and British navies.

In 2012 was announced the discovery of a pretended paleolithic settlement in Boario locality at Stilo.


title: Valverde, Bergamo

abstract: Valverde is a quarter in the city of Bergamo, located on the north side of the hill of the città alta. It has a population of approximately 1,000. It contains a Roman Catholic parish with a church dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary. The parish church was damaged by a blaze in November 2006. The Castello di Valverde in its present form is a 16th-century structure on the site of a medieval castle.

text:
# Valverde, Bergamo

**Valverde** is a quarter in the city of Bergamo, located on the north side of the hill of the *città alta*. It has a population of approximately 1,000.

It contains a Roman Catholic parish with a church dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary. The parish church was damaged by a blaze in November 2006.

The Castello di Valverde in its present form is a 16th-century structure on the site of a medieval castle.

## Sources

45°42′38″N 9°39′52″E / 45.71056°N 9.66444°E / 45.71056; 9.66444


title: Valveless pulsejet

abstract: A valveless pulsejet is the simplest known jet propulsion device. Valveless pulsejets are low in cost, light weight, powerful and easy to operate. They have all the advantages of conventional valved pulsejets, but without the reed valves that need frequent replacement; a valveless pulsejet can operate for its entire useful life with practically zero maintenance. They have been used to power model aircraft, experimental go-karts, and unmanned military aircraft such as cruise missiles and target drones.

text:
# Valveless pulsejet

A **valveless pulsejet** (or **pulse jet**) is the simplest known jet propulsion device. Valveless pulsejets are low in cost, light weight, powerful and easy to operate. They have all the advantages (and most of the disadvantages) of conventional valved pulsejets, but without the reed valves that need frequent replacement; a valveless pulsejet can operate for its entire useful life with practically zero maintenance. They have been used to power model aircraft, experimental go-karts, and unmanned military aircraft such as cruise missiles and target drones.

## Basic characteristics

A pulsejet engine is an air-breathing reaction engine that employs an ongoing sequence of discrete combustion events rather than one sustained combustion event. This clearly distinguishes it from other reaction engine types such as rockets, turbojets, and ramjets, which are all constant combustion devices. All other reaction engines are driven by maintaining high internal pressure; pulsejets are driven by an alternation between high and low pressure. This alternation is not maintained by any mechanical contrivance, but rather by the natural acoustic resonance of the rigid tubular engine structure. The valveless pulsejet is, mechanically speaking, the simplest form of pulsejet, and is, in fact, the simplest known air-breathing propulsion device that can operate "statically", i.e. without forward motion.

The combustion events driving a pulsejet are often informally called explosions; however, the correct term is deflagrations. They are not detonations, which is the combustion event in pulse detonation engines (PDEs). The deflagration within the combustion zone of a pulsejet is characterized by a sudden rise in temperature and pressure followed by a rapid subsonic expansion in gas volume. It is this expansion that performs the main work of moving air rearward through the device as well as setting up conditions in the main tube for the cycle to continue.

A pulsejet engine works by alternately accelerating a contained mass of air rearward and then breathing in a fresh mass of air to replace it. The energy to accelerate the air mass is provided by the deflagration of fuel mixed thoroughly into the newly acquired fresh air mass. This cycle is repeated many times per second. During the brief mass acceleration phase of each cycle, the engine's physical action is like that of other reaction engines  gas mass is accelerated rearward, resulting in an application of force forward into the body of the engine. These pulses of force, rapidly repeated over time, comprise the measurable thrust force of the engine.

Some basic differences between valved and valveless pulsejets are:

* Valveless pulsejet engines have no mechanical valve, eliminating the only internal "moving part" of the conventional pulsejet.
* In valveless engines, the intake section has an important role to play throughout the entire pulsejet cycle.
* Valveless engines produce thrust forces in two distinct but synchronized mass acceleration events per cycle, rather than just one.

## Basic (valved) pulsejet theory

In a conventional "valved" pulsejet, like the engine of the infamous V-1 "buzz bomb" of World War II, there are two ducts connected to the combustion zone where the deflagrations occur. These are generally known as the "intake" (a very short duct) and the "tailpipe" (a very long duct). The function of the forward-facing intake is to provide air (and in many smaller pulsejets, the fuel/air mixing action) for combustion. The purpose of the rear-facing tailpipe is to provide air mass for acceleration by the explosive blast as well as to direct the accelerated mass totally rearward. The combustion zone (usually a widened "chamber" section) and tailpipe make up the main tube of the engine. A flexible, low mass one-way valve (or multiple identical valves) separates the intake from the combustion zone.

At the beginning of each cycle, air must be pulled into the combustion zone. At the end of each cycle, the tailpipe must be reloaded with air from the surrounding atmosphere. Both of these basic actions are accomplished by a significant drop in pressure that occurs naturally after the deflagration expansion, a phenomenon known as the Kadenacy effect (named after the scientist who first fully described it). This temporary low pressure opens the metal valve and draws in the intake air (or air/fuel mixture). It also causes a reversal of flow in the tailpipe that draws fresh air forward to re-fill the pipe. When the next deflagration occurs, the rapid pressure rise slams the valve shut very quickly, ensuring that almost no explosion mass exits in the forward direction so the expansion of the combustion gases will all be used to accelerate the replenished mass of air in the long tailpipe rearward.

## Valveless pulsejet operation

The valveless pulsejet is not really valveless  it just uses the mass of air in the intake tube as its valve, in place of a mechanical valve. It cannot do this without moving the intake air outward, and this volume of air itself has significant mass, just as the air in the tailpipe does  therefore, it is not blown away instantly by the deflagration but is accelerated over a significant fraction of the cycle time. In all known successful valveless pulsejet designs, the intake air mass is a small fraction of the tailpipe air mass (due to the smaller dimensions of the intake duct). This means that the intake air mass will be cleared out of contact with the body of the engine faster than the tailpipe mass will. The carefully designed imbalance of these two air masses is important for the proper timing of all parts of the cycle.

When the deflagration begins, a zone of significantly elevated pressure travels outward through both air masses as a compression wave. This wave moves at the speed of sound through both the intake and tailpipe air masses. (Because these air masses are significantly elevated in temperature as a result of earlier cycles, the speed of sound in them is much higher than it would be in normal outdoor air.) When a compression wave reaches the open end of either tube, a low pressure rarefaction wave starts back in the opposite direction, as if "reflected" by the open end. This low pressure region returning to the combustion zone is, in fact, the internal mechanism of the Kadenacy effect. There will be no "breathing" of fresh air into the combustion zone until the arrival of the rarefaction wave.

The wave motion through the air masses should not be confused with the separate motions of the masses themselves. At the start of deflagration, the pressure wave immediately moves through both air masses, while the gas expansion (due to combustion heat) is just beginning in the combustion zone. The intake air mass will be rapidly accelerated outward behind the pressure wave, because its mass is relatively small. The tailpipe air mass will follow the outgoing pressure wave much more slowly. Also, the eventual flow reversal will take place much sooner in the intake, due to its smaller air mass. The timing of the wave motions is determined basically by the lengths of the intake and main tube of the engine; the timing of mass motions is determined mostly by the volumes and exact shapes of these sections. Both are affected by local gas temperatures.

In the valveless engine, there will actually be two arrivals of rarefaction waves  first, from the intake and then from the tailpipe. In typical valveless designs, the wave that comes back from the intake will be relatively weak. Its main effect is to begin flow reversal in the intake itself, in effect "pre-loading" the intake duct with fresh outdoor air. The actual breathing of the engine as a whole will not begin in earnest until the major low pressure wave from the tailpipe reaches the combustion zone. Once that happens, significant flow reversal begins, driven by the drop in combustion zone pressure.

During this phase, too, there is a difference in action between the very different masses in the intake and tailpipe. The intake air mass is again fairly low, but it now almost totally consists of outside air; therefore, fresh air is available almost immediately to begin re-filling the combustion zone from the front. The tailpipe air mass is also pulled, eventually reversing direction as well. The tailpipe will never be completely purged of hot combustion gases, but at reversal it will be easily able to pull in fresh air from all sides around the tailpipe opening, so its contained mass will be gradually increasing until the next deflagration event. As air flows rapidly into the combustion zone, the rarefaction wave is reflected rearward by the front of the engine body, and as it moves rearward the air density in the combustion zone naturally rises until the pressure of the air/fuel mixture reaches a value where deflagration can again commence.

## Practical design issues

In practical designs there is no need for a continuous ignition system  the combustion zone is never totally purged of combustion gases and free radicals, so there is enough chemical action in the residue in the combustion zone to act as an igniter for the next blast once the mixture is up to a reasonable density and pressure: the cycle repeats, controlled only by the synchronization of pressure and flow events in the two ducts.

While it is theoretically possible to have such an engine without a distinct "combustion chamber" larger than the tailpipe diameter, all successful valveless engines designed so far have a widened chamber of some sort, roughly similar to that found in typical valved engine designs. The chamber typically takes up a fairly small fraction of the overall main tube length.

The acceleration of air mass back through the intake duct doesn't make sense for engine thrust if the intake is aimed forward, since the intake thrust is a fairly large fraction of the tailpipe thrust. Various engine geometries have been used to make the thrust forces from the two ducts act in the same direction. One simple method is to turn the engine around and then put a U-bend in the tailpipe, so both ducts are spouting rearward, as in the Ecrevisse and Lockwood (also known as Lockwood-Hiller) types. The Escopette and Kentfield designs use recuperators (U-shaped auxiliary tubes) mounted in front of the front-firing intakes to turn the intake blast and flow rearward. The so-called "Chinese" and Thermojet styles simply mount the intake on the chamber in a rear-spouting direction, leaving the front face of the chamber unbroken. The basic internal operation of the engine with these geometries is no different from that described above, however. The Lockwood is unique in one respect, namely, its very large diameter intake  the thrust from this large tube is no less than 40 percent of the engine thrust as a whole. The tailpipe volume of this design is quite large, though, so the imbalance of the contained masses is still clearly seen.

## "Jam jar jet" design

Most pulsejet engines use independent intake and exhaust pipes. A physically simpler design combines the intake and exhaust aperture. This is possible due to the oscillating behaviour of a pulse engine. One aperture can act as exhaust pipe during the high-pressure phase of the work cycle and as intake during the aspiration phase. This engine design is less efficient in this primitive form due to its lack of a resonant pipe and thus a lack of reflected compressing and sucking acoustic waves. However it works fairly well with a simple instrument such as jam jar with a pierced lid and fuel inside, hence the name.

Successful versions of the jam jar jet have been run in a plastic bottle. The bottle is far less efficient than the jam jar versions and is unable to sustain a decent jet for more than a few seconds. It is theorized that the alcohol that was used to operate the simple jet was acting as a barrier to stop the heat getting all the way through to the plastic. For the jam jar jet design to work the propellant must be vaporised to ignite which is most often done by a shaking of the jet which causes the propellant to coat the container, therefore giving the theory some validity.

## Pros and cons

Successful valveless pulsejets have been built from a few centimeters in length to huge sizes, though the largest and smallest have not been used for propulsion. The smallest ones are only successful when extremely fast-burning fuels are employed (acetylene or hydrogen, for example). Medium and larger sized engines can be made to burn almost any flammable material that can be delivered uniformly to the combustion zone, though of course volatile flammable liquids (gasoline, kerosene, various alcohols) and standard fuel gases (LPG, propane, butane, MAPP gas) are easiest to use. Because of the deflagration nature of pulsejet combustion, these engines are extremely efficient combustors, producing practically no hazardous pollutants, other than CO2, even when using hydrocarbon fuels. With modern high-temperature metals for the main structure, engine weight can be kept extremely low. Without the presence of a mechanical valve, the engines require practically no ongoing maintenance to remain operational.

Up to the present, the physical size of successful valveless designs has always been somewhat larger than valved engines for the same thrust value, though this is theoretically not a requirement. Like valved pulsejets, heat (engines frequently run white hot) and very high operational noise levels (140 decibels is possible) are among the greatest disadvantages of these engines. An ignition system of some sort is required for engine startup. In the smallest sizes, forced air at the intake is also typically needed for startup. There is still much room for improvement in the development of really efficient, fully practical designs for propulsion uses.

One possible solution to the ongoing problem of pulsejet inefficiency would be to have two pulsejets in one, with each blast compressing the mixture of fuel and air in the other, and both ends discharging into a common chamber through which air flows only one way. This could potentially allow much higher compression ratios, better fuel efficiencies, and greater thrust.


title: Fairweather (band)

abstract: Fairweather is an American rock band from Virginia, United States. They have released three full-length albums on Equal Vision Records: If They Move...Kill Them (2001), Lusitania (2003) and Fairweather (2014). The band also released several demos and the Alaska EP. In March 2011, after an 8-year hiatus, Fairweather formally announced a reunion show. The reunion show took place May 14, 2011 at the Black Cat in Washington, DC. The band continued with further shows since the reunion and subsequently recorded and released their third album in April 2014.

text:
# Fairweather (band)

**Fairweather** is an American rock band from Virginia, United States. They have released three full-length albums on Equal Vision Records: *If They Move...Kill Them* (2001), *Lusitania* (2003) and *Fairweather* (2014). The band also released several demos and the Alaska EP. In March 2011, after an 8-year hiatus, Fairweather formally announced a reunion show. The reunion show took place May 14, 2011 at the Black Cat in Washington, DC. The band continued with further shows since the reunion and subsequently recorded and released their third album in April 2014.

## Biography

Fairweather began playing shows in the Washington, D.C., and various suburbs of Fairfax, Virginia. After much critical acclaim of their first album, *If They Move...Kill Them* (named from *The Wild Bunch*) the band booked dates with Thursday, Brand New, Saves The Day, The Movielife, Piebald, Onelinedrawing, Codeseven, and other nationally known touring acts. The band announced that they would be disbanding in late 2003, not too long after their second full-length album, and finally disbanded in the winter of 2003. They played their final pre-hiatus show at St. Andrews Church in College Park, Maryland, with Darkest Hour, Age of Ruin, StarsHideFire, and Good Clean Fun. The setlist was:

* Blood on the Pages
* Whatever it Takes
* Soundtrack to the Ride
* Lusitania
* Letter of Intent
* Let's Hear it for Dartanian
* Still Paradise
* Concrete Atlas
* The Treachery of Images
* South Street 1am
* Casting Curses
* The Culling Song
* If They Move...Kill Them

Their reunion show lasted just over one hour and featured 13 songs plus a two song encore. The set featured songs from all of their three albums and set was as follows:

* If They Move... Kill Them
* Soundtrack To The Ride
* Lusitania
* Letter of Intent
* Blood On The Pages
* Young Brash Hopeful
* The Treachery of Images
* I Dread the Time When Your Mouth Begins To Call Me Hunter
* Concrete Atlas
* Still Paradise
* Burning Bridges Keep Warm
* Casting Curses
* Whatever It Takes
* Mercer Island (encore)
* Let's Hear It For Dartanian (encore)

## Albums and EPs

| Release Date | Title | Label |
| --- | --- | --- |
| February 20, 2001 | *If They Move...Kill Them* | Equal Vision Records |
| August 20, 2002 | *Alaska* | |
| July 11, 2003 | *Lusitania* | |
| April 1, 2014 | *Fairweather* | |

## Members

On Lusitania and Alaska

* Jay Littleton - vocals
* Ben Green - guitar
* Peter Tsouras - guitar
* Shane Johnson - drums, bass (studio)
* Ben Murphy - bass (live)

On If They Move...Kill Them

* Jay Littleton - vocals
* Ben Green - guitar
* Scott Joplin - guitar
* Pat Broderick - drums
* Justin Cochran - bass
* Eric Burroughs - bass (live)

## InfoBox

| Fairweather | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Virginia, United States |
| Genres | Indie rock, alternative rock, emo, pop punk, post-hardcore, punk rock |
| Years active | 19992003
2011–present |
| Labels | Equal Vision |
|  | |
| Members | Jay Littleton
Peter Tsouras
Shane Johnson
Ben Green
Ben Murphy
Nick Barkley |
|  | |
| Past members | Justin Cochran
Scott Joplin
Pat Broderick |
|  | |
| Website | www.fairweatherdc.com |


title: Empogona africana

abstract: Empogona africana is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to South Africa. It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Empogona africana

***Empogona africana*** is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to South Africa. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Empogona africana* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Rubiaceae |
| Genus: | *Empogona* |
| Species: | ***E. africana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Empogona africana***
(Sim) Tosh & Robbr. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Tricalysia africana* | |


title: Our Lady of Šiluva

abstract: Our Lady of Šiluva is Roman Catholic image of the Blessed Virgin Mary venerated at the Basilica of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Šiluva shrine in Lithuania. The patriotic icon is highly venerated in Lithuania and is often called Lithuania's greatest treasure. Pope Pius VI granted a Canonical coronation to the venerated image on 8 September 1786. Pope John Paul II raised the shrine to the status of Minor Basilica via his Pontifical decree Constat Intra Fines on 6 May 1988. The town of Šiluva is one of the most important pilgrimage sites in Lithuania with its ancient tradition of the Feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, popularly called "Šilinės", also celebrated on September 8.

text:
# Our Lady of Šiluva

**Our Lady of Šiluva** (English: *Our Lady of the Pine Woods*) is Roman Catholic image of the Blessed Virgin Mary venerated at the Basilica of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Šiluva shrine in Lithuania. The patriotic icon is highly venerated in Lithuania and is often called *Lithuania's greatest treasure*.

Pope Pius VI granted a Canonical coronation to the venerated image on 8 September 1786. Pope John Paul II raised the shrine to the status of Minor Basilica via his Pontifical decree *Constat Intra Fines* on 6 May 1988. The town of Šiluva is one of the most important pilgrimage sites in Lithuania with its ancient tradition of the Feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, popularly called "Šilinės", also celebrated on September 8.

## Background

Marian devotion at Šiluva goes back almost to the beginning of Christianity in Lithuania. Grand Duke Jogaila was baptized Catholic in 1387 when he married Jadwiga, queen of the neighboring Poland. Later he and his successors worked to spread the Christian faith in their territory, which until then was pagan. They established the ecclesiastical hierarchy, built churches and even personally taught catechism to their subjects.

## History

The establishment of a church in Šiluva was the initiative of a nobleman named Petras Gedgaudas who worked in the service of Vytautas the Great. Gedgaudas in 1457 allocated land and other resources for a temple in honor of our Lady. Gedgaudas built a church dedicated to the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Apostles SS. Peter and Bartholomew. Huge crowds of the faithful, even from neighboring Protestant Prussia, would flock to this site to celebrate the indulgenced Feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

The icon is painted in the *Hodegetria* style, and is similar to the famous Madonna Salus Populi Romani. According to legend, the miraculous icon was brought to Šiluva from Rome in 1457 as a gift to Lithuanian nobleman Petras Gedgaudas. The new church gained fame as a Marian shrine.

By 1532 the population in the vicinity of Šiluva became predominantly Calvinist. In the following decades, many Catholic churches were confiscated and closed. Nevertheless, as long as the old church was open, the people continued to attend the annual Feast until finally the church was closed and eventually burned to the ground. In the 16th century, a Lutheran pastor complained about members of his flock traveling to Šiluva to attend the indulgenced Catholic feast of the Nativity of Mary. Around the year 1569 the only remaining parish priest, Father John Holubka, hid all the surviving church valuables and documents in an ironclad box which he buried on the grounds of the devastated church.

The Catholics subsequently attempted legal proceedings against the Calvinists, seeking to regain the confiscated church property. The case was complicated by the fact that the Catholic ownership documents had become lost.

## Apparition

This issue was resolved  in the summer of 1608 when a few children tending their sheep in a field some distance away from Šiluva reported that they saw a beautiful woman holding a baby, appeared on the very spot where the church had stood. She was weeping bitterly. The children returned the next day accompanied by many from the whole village and a Calvinist minister, and they saw her, as well. When word spread, an old blind man who had assisted the priest in burying the treasures of the original church recalled the location. After the apparition, the institutional documents of the Catholic church were found, and in 1622 the case concerning the restitution of Catholic ownership was won.

A small wooden church, the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, was built on the site of the original church, but proved too small for the many pilgrims who visited. A much larger church was built in 1641.

Pope Pius VI confirmed the authenticity of the apparition of Our Lady of Šiluva by a papal decree promulgated on 17 August 1775.

The present-day Basilica of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary was consecrated in 1786. The building is one of the finest examples of late Baroque architecture in Lithuania. The interior, designed by Lithuanian artist, Thomas Podgaiskis, has been preserved without significant changes for over two centuries.

Prior to World War II, processions used to depart from every Lithuanian town, making the pilgrimage to Šiluva. The 13th day of each month is therefore known as “Mary’s Day”.

## Veneration

On 17 August 1775, Pope Pius VI, promulgated with a Papal Decree the authenticity of Our Lady of Šiluva.

A Chapel of the Apparition was built in the Egyptian-Revival and Gothic styles features the tallest steeple in Lithuania. It was built over the rock where the Blessed Mother stood. The rock itself, which pilgrim make a point to kiss, is under the altar of the chapel.

For its devotion to Mary, Pope Pius XI called Lithuania *Terra Mariana* (Land of Mary). Pope Pius VI approved devotions to Our Lady of Šiluva and granted indulgences for them.

Pope John Paul II prayed at the shrine in the humble Lithuanian village of Šiluva in 1993, two years after the Baltic nation regained independence. Benedict XVI in 2006 blessed new crowns of gold for a miraculous image of Mary and Jesus at Šiluva. In 2008 he sent a papal legate to take part in festivities at Šiluva to mark the fourth centenary of the Marian apparition.

### American-Lithuanian devotions

In the United States, the chapel of Our Lady of Siluva is located within the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C. The Lithuanian emigre and refugee community in the United States, under the leadership of Bishop Vincent Brizgys, organized in 1963 for establishment of this Šiluva Chapel, which was dedicated in 1966. It displays the artistry of Lithuanian artists in exile at that time, due to Soviet occupation and repression of Lithuania during and following World War II. Vytautus Kasuba based his statue of Our Lady of Siluva with Christ Child on written accounts of witnesses from 1608. Mosaics by Vytautas Jonynas depict the religious and cultural history of Lithuania in two large mosaic panels in the side walls of the chapel, one showing the traditional image of the "Rūpintojėlis" or Christ the Worrier, and the second depicting information about the Lithuanian prince and saint, Casimir. Mosaics and stained glass by Albinas Elskus decorate the golden ceiling with four images of the Madonna from Lithuanian churches, the altar frontispiece showing traditional Lithuanian wayside crosses and the altar back decoration with blue and golden aura about the statue of Our Lady of Siluva. On October 16, 2016, the American-Lithuanian community celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of the dedication of the Chapel. An exhibit regarding the history of the chapel and its representation of Lithuanian cultural and religious traditions was hosted in the Basilica's Memorial Hall from July 1 through October 17.

In addition to the chapel in Washington D.C., there are several other sites within the United States dedicated to Our Lady of Siluva. These include shrines in Chicago, Illinois; and in Putnam, Connecticut; and in East St. Louis, Illinois.

* There is a statue of Our Lady of Siluva outside the small mission church in Rincon, New Mexico.
* There is a shrine to Our Lady of Siluva in the parish church of SS Peter and Paul in Elizabeth, New Jersey. The shrine, dedicated June 29, 1958, is richly ornamented with Lithuanian artwork and woodcarvings, and holds a painting depicting the apparition and a relic of the original stone on which Our Lady stood.

Because, inspired by the apparition, the community returned to the devout practice of their religion, Our Lady of Šiluva is invoked as the patroness of those who have lapsed from the faith, and of those who pray for them.

## Legacy

The Knights of Lithuania have sponsored the establishment of the "Our Lady of Siluva Fund, Inc." during its 2003 National Convention in Brockton, MA, as it celebrated its 90th anniversary. The purpose of the fund is to help promulgate knowledge of and devotion to Our Lady through her appearance at Siluva, Lithuania, in 1608.

## InfoBox

| Our Lady of Šiluva | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Lithuania |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Eva Nil

abstract: Eva Nil, born Eva Comello, was an Egyptian-born Brazilian film actress.

text:
# Eva Nil

**Eva Nil** (25 June 1909 – 15 August 1990), born **Eva Comello**, was an Egyptian-born Brazilian film actress.

## Early life

Eva Comello was born in Cairo in 1909, the daughter of Ida Tonetti and Pietro Comello, both born in Italy. Her father was a photographer who became a filmmaker in Brazil after they immigrated in Eva's childhood.

## Career

"Eva Nil" (also seen as **Eva Nill**), her chosen screen name, refers to her Egyptian birth, on the Nile River. Silent films featuring Eva Nil included *Valadião, o Cratera* (1925, "Valadião, the Crater", a short by Comello and his filmmaking partner Humberto Mauro), *Na Primera da Vida* (1925, "The Spring of Life", also by Mauro), *Senhorita Agora Mesmo* (1928, "Miss Right Now", with Comello as cinematographer, producer, director, and actor), and *Barro Humano* (1929, by Adhemar Gonzaga). She was counted among the *melindrosas*, modern young actresses of 1920s cinema in Brazil. None of her film appearances have survived, though there are some existing stills.

In 1978, archival footage of Nil was featured in a documentary about women in film, *Mulheres de Cinema*.

## Personal life

Eva Nil died in 1990, aged 81 years, in Cataguases, Minas Gerais, where she had lived for many years after retiring from film work.

## InfoBox

| Eva Nil | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1909-06-25)June 25, 1909<br>Cairo, Egypt |
| Died | August 15, 1990(1990-08-15) (aged 81) |
| Nationality | Brazilian-Egyptian |
| Occupation | Actress |


title: Dietrich von Kittlitz

abstract: Dietrich von Kittlitz otherwise Dietrich II of Meissen or Dietrich II von Kittlitz was Bishop of Meissen from 1191 to 1208. He was a member of the noble family of Kittlitz. During his episcopate the Priory of St. Afra in Meissen was founded, in 1205.

text:
# Dietrich von Kittlitz

**Dietrich von Kittlitz** otherwise **Dietrich II of Meissen** or **Dietrich II von Kittlitz** (died 29 August 1208) was Bishop of Meissen from 1191 to 1208.

He was a member of the noble family of Kittlitz. During his episcopate the Priory of St. Afra in Meissen was founded, in 1205.

## Bibliography

* Eduard Machatschek: *Geschichte der Bischöfe des Hochstiftes Meissen in chronologischer Reihenfolge (...)*, pp. 136–145. Dresden 1884


title: Eva Carrington

abstract: Evelyn Victoria Ann Tate known by her stage name Eva Carrington, was an actress, model and sometime peeress as the wife of the Baron de Clifford.

text:
# Eva Carrington

**Evelyn Victoria Ann Tate (née Chandler)** (1887 – 1979) known by her stage name **Eva Carrington**, was an actress, model and sometime peeress as the wife of the Baron de Clifford.

## Modelling career

Carrington was born Evelyn Chandler in London, the daughter of Anglo-Irish Walter Robert Chandler, a messenger and hall porter at the Walsingham House Hotel, Piccadilly, sometime orderly room clerk to Colonel Fred Burnaby. Her mother, Louisa, was a theatre attendant. By 1891, the family were using "Carrington" as their surname. Her sister, Gladys Winifred Carrington Chandler, married Royal Air Force Flight Lieutenant Christopher Humphrey Tancred (1888-1972), grandson of Sir Thomas Tancred, 7th Baronet, a philanthropist and early colonist of Canterbury, New Zealand; their son was the actor Anthony Tancred (1930-1995).

Carrington was a model for the artist James Whistler between 1898 and 1902. She posed for a number of Whistler's paintings and drawings, including "A dancing woman in a pink robe, seen from the back", "The Tambourine" "Eva and Gladys Carrington seated on a sofa", and "The Bead Stringers".

## Stage career

She became a renowned actress during the Edwardian period. A famous role was as one of the Gibson Girls in the British theatre performance of "The Catch of the Season"

## Marriages

Eva married Jack Southwell Russell, 25th Baron de Clifford, in February 1906. She adopted the title Lady de Clifford. This marriage, of a commoner and showgirl to a senior peer, created a scandal at the time.

Following her first husband's death, she married Captain Arthur Roy Stock of Glenapp Castle, Ayrshire, in 1913; he died in 1915. In 1922, Eva married George Vernon Tate, grandson of the founder of the Tate Gallery.

She had several children, and the only son, the eldest child, Edward Southwell Russell, succeeded to the de Clifford barony. A colour photographic portrait of her and her four daughters by Yevonde taken in 1932 is in the National Portrait Gallery in London.


title: Bulbophyllum lemniscatum

abstract: Bulbophyllum lemniscatum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.

text:
# Bulbophyllum lemniscatum

***Bulbophyllum lemniscatum*** is a species of orchid in the genus *Bulbophyllum*.

## InfoBox

| *Bulbophyllum lemniscatum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Genus: | *Bulbophyllum* |
| Species: | ***B. lemniscatum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Bulbophyllum lemniscatum***<br>C. S. P. Parish ex Hook. f. | |
|


title: Caecum subornatum

abstract: Caecum subornatum is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Caecidae.

text:
# Caecum subornatum

***Caecum subornatum*** is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Caecidae.

## Distribution

## Description

The maximum recorded shell length is 2.4 mm.

## Habitat

Minimum recorded depth is 24 m. Maximum recorded depth is 30 m.

## InfoBox

| *Caecum subornatum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Caecidae |
| Genus: | *Caecum* |
| Species: | ***C. subornatum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Caecum subornatum***<br>de Folin, 1869 | |
|


title: Private electronic market

abstract: A private electronic market (PEM) uses the Internet to connect a limited number or pre-qualified buyers or sellers in one market. PEMs are a hybrid between perfectly open markets and closed contract negotiations. The core idea of PEMs is to create competition among buyers/sellers while allowing buyers/sellers to adjust all those aspects of the deal that are typically only dealt with in a negotiation. This creates a problem of "comparing apples and oranges": bids may be quite different in many dimensions and therefore cannot easily be compared. Apart from the dimension of price these could include pre-negotiated discounts, specific qualities, combinations of goods and services with conditional pricing, freight differentials, contract fulfillment timing, payment terms, or deliberate constraints such as market share limits.

text:
# Private electronic market

A **private electronic market** (**PEM**) uses the Internet to connect a limited number or pre-qualified buyers or sellers in one market. PEMs are a hybrid between perfectly open markets (e.g. exchanges where there is no pre-existing relationship between buyer and seller - similar to eBay) and closed contract negotiations (such as a sealed bid tender, where there is no visibility between competitors and hence no response to competition). The core idea of PEMs is to create competition among buyers/sellers while allowing buyers/sellers to adjust all those aspects of the deal that are typically only dealt with in a negotiation. This creates a problem of "comparing apples and oranges": bids may be quite different in many dimensions and therefore cannot easily be compared. Apart from the dimension of price these could include pre-negotiated discounts (e.g. for loyalty), specific qualities, combinations of goods and services with conditional pricing, freight differentials, contract fulfillment timing, payment terms, or deliberate constraints such as market share limits.

## Practical examples

VicForests, a government-owned agency in Australia, conducts bidding for native timber supply via a website called Forest Auctions. Saw Mills may submit bids specifying various conditions, including quantity, species of timber, and payment terms. Compared to the traditional sealed bid tender approach, the use of this private market reportedly resulted in a substantial revenue increase for VicForests.

Swiss online auction site Firstpex allows qualified investors to buy and sell private equities to each other through a bidding process.

## Relevance

The overall effect of a well designed Private Electronic Market is what is described as allocative efficiency or in simple terms: a win-win for the seller (who maximizes revenue) and buyers (acquiring exactly what is of highest value to them). PEMs are based on game theory and combinatorial auction theory.

### Bibliography


title: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology

abstract: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology is a quarterly peer-reviewed medical journal covering cognitive neurology. It was established in 1988 as Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology & Behavioral Neurology, obtaining its current title in 2003. The journal is published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and the editor-in-chief is Barry Gordon. It is an official journal of the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology.

text:
# Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology

***Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology*** is a quarterly peer-reviewed medical journal covering cognitive neurology. It was established in 1988 as *Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology & Behavioral Neurology*, obtaining its current title in 2003. The journal is published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and the editor-in-chief is Barry Gordon (Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions). It is an official journal of the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:

According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 1.590.

## InfoBox

*Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Discipline | Cognitive neurology |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Barry Gordon |
| Publication details | |
| Former name(s) | Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology |
| History | 1988–present |
| Publisher | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |
| Frequency | Quarterly |
| Open access | Hybrid |
| Impact factor | 1.4 (2022) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Cogn. Behav. Neurol.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 1543-3633 (print)
1543-3641 (web)
 |
| LCCN | 2003212065 |
| OCLC no. | 1071076038 |
| *Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology* | |
| ISSN | 0894-878X
 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Cokedale, Colorado

abstract: Cokedale is a Statutory Town located in Las Animas County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 127 at the 2020 United States Census.

text:
# Cokedale, Colorado

**Cokedale** is a Statutory Town located in Las Animas County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 127 at the 2020 United States Census.

## History

Cokedale is a former coal mining town. The mine shut down in 1947. The town was 5 miles away from the epicenter of a 5.3 earthquake on August 23, 2011.

Much of the town is included in the Cokedale Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Geography

At the 2020 United States Census, the town had a total area of 131 acres (0.531 km2), all of it land.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1950 | 214 |  |  |
| 1960 | 219 |  | 2.3% |
| 1970 | 101 |  | −53.9% |
| 1980 | 90 |  | −10.9% |
| 1990 | 116 |  | 28.9% |
| 2000 | 139 |  | 19.8% |
| 2010 | 129 |  | −7.2% |
| 2020 | 127 |  | −1.6% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the census of 2000, there were 139 people, 62 households, and 40 families residing in the town. The population density was 685.0 inhabitants per square mile (264.5/km2). There were 86 housing units at an average density of 423.8 per square mile (163.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 89.21% White, 0.72% Native American, 7.19% from other races, and 2.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 43.17% of the population.

There were 62 households, out of which 24.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.8% were married couples living together, 4.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.9% were non-families. 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.83.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.0% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 20.1% from 25 to 44, 30.2% from 45 to 64, and 22.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $23,958, and the median income for a family was $40,179. Males had a median income of $20,000 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,503. There were 7.3% of families and 6.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including 7.0% of under eighteens and 5.1% of those over 64.

## InfoBox

| Cokedale, Colorado | |
| --- | --- |
| Statutory Town | |
| The old Gottlieb Mercantile Building, which now houses the town hall, the post office, and the Cokedale Mining Museum. | |
| Location of the Town of Cokedale in the Las Animas County, Colorado. | |
| CokedaleLocation of the Town of Cokedale in the United States. | |
| Coordinates: 37°08′39″N 104°37′18″W / 37.14417°N 104.62167°W / 37.14417; -104.62167 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Colorado |
| County | Las Animas County |
| Incorporated | March 15, 1948 |
| Government | |
| Type | Statutory Town |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.205 sq mi (0.531 km2) |
| Land | 0.205 sq mi (0.531 km2) |
| Water | 0.000 sq mi (0.000 km2) |
| Elevation | 6,332 ft (1,930 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 127 |
| Density | 619/sq mi (239/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−07:00 (MST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−06:00 (MDT) |
| ZIP Code | Trinidad CO 81082 |
| Area code | 719 |
| FIPS code | 08-15550 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2413221 |
| Website | townofcokedale.colorado.gov |