title: The Arsonist (album)

abstract: The Arsonist is the sixth full-length studio album by Deadlock. It was released on July 26, 2013, and is the first to have John Gahlert on harsh vocals, following the departure of Johannes Prem and the first to feature Ferdinand Rewicki on guitar, replacing Gert Rymen who left on February 8, 2013. It is also the last album to feature Tobias Graf on drums. Graf left the band on April 28, 2014, and died that same year on September 4 at the age of 35.

text:
# The Arsonist (album)

***The Arsonist*** is the sixth full-length studio album by Deadlock. It was released on July 26, 2013, and is the first to have John Gahlert (previously the band's bass guitarist) on harsh vocals, following the departure of Johannes Prem and the first to feature Ferdinand Rewicki on guitar, replacing Gert Rymen who left on February 8, 2013. It is also the last album to feature Tobias Graf on drums. Graf left the band on April 28, 2014, and died that same year on September 4 at the age of 35.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The Great Pretender" | 03:58 |
| 2. | "I'm Gone" | 03:28 |
| 3. | "Dead City Sleepers" | 03:55 |
| 4. | "The Arsonist" | 03:31 |
| 5. | "Darkness Divine" | 03:51 |
| 6. | "As We Come Undone" | 03:54 |
| 7. | "Hurt" | 05:34 |
| 8. | "The Final Storm" | 03:55 |
| 9. | "Smalltown Boy" (Bronski Beat cover) | 04:10 |
| 10. | "My Pain" | 03:34 |
| 11. | "Dead City Sleepers" (Erode-Remix) | 06:20 |
| 12. | "As We Come Undone" (Philip Abbas Remix) | 07:48 |
| Total length: | | 53:58 |

Japanese Edition Bonus Track
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "Dead City Sleepers" (Acoustic Version) | 02:37 |
| Total length: | | 56:35 |

## Personnel

* Sabine Scherer – clean vocals
* John Gahlert – harsh vocals
* Sebastian Reichl – guitar, keyboard, programming
* Ferdinand Rewicki – guitar, bass guitar
* Tobias Graf – drums

## Chart performance

| Chart (2013) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| GER | 82 |

## InfoBox

| The Arsonist | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Deadlock | |
| Released | July 26, 2013 (2013-07-26) |
| Genre | Melodic death metal, metalcore, djent |
| Length | 53:58 |
| Label | Napalm |
| Deadlock chronology | |
| *Bizarro World*
(2011) ***The Arsonist***
(2013) *The Re-Arrival*
(2014) | |


title: Sidney Weinberg

abstract: Sidney James Weinberg was a long-time leader of the Wall Street firm Goldman Sachs, nicknamed “Mr. Wall Street” by The New York Times and "director's director" by Fortune magazine. In a rags-to-riches story, he rose from a janitor's assistant, making $3/week, to CEO.

text:
# Sidney Weinberg

**Sidney James Weinberg** (October 12, 1891 – July 23, 1969) was a long-time leader of the Wall Street firm Goldman Sachs, nicknamed **“Mr. Wall Street”** by *The New York Times* and "director's director" by *Fortune* magazine. In a rags-to-riches story, he rose from a janitor's assistant, making $3/week, to CEO.

## Early life

Weinberg's background contrasted sharply with that of the traditional Ivy League Wall Streeter. Weinberg was one of eleven children of a Jewish immigrant wholesale liquor dealer. His family were active members of Congregation Baith Israel Anshei Emes in Brooklyn, joining when the synagogue was on Boerum Place, and remaining with it when it moved to Cobble Hill. Sidney's mother, Sophie, was sisterhood president from 1912 to 1913, his father, Pincus, served as president from 1919 to 1921, and the children all attended the Sunday school and Talmud Torah. Sidney married Helen W. Livingston there in 1920. Sidney's name does not appear in any synagogue documents after World War I, indicating less active membership in his adult life.

Weinberg dropped out of junior high school at P.S. 13, but got a letter of recommendation from one of his teachers to enter the job market. Sidney joined the workforce at the age of ten "selling newspapers at the Manhattan-Brooklyn ferry terminal, shucking oysters, and carrying feathers for a milliner." At one point, Sidney found jobs as a runner at three different brokerage houses. The conflicts of interest cost him all three positions.

## Career at Goldman Sachs

Weinberg started with Goldman Sachs as a janitor's assistant at $3/week, where his responsibilities included brushing the firm's partners’ hats and wiping the mud from their overshoes. The grandson of the firm's founder, Paul J. Sachs, liked Weinberg, and promoted him to the mailroom, which Weinberg reorganized. To improve Weinberg's penmanship, Sachs sent him to Browne's Business College in Brooklyn.

Weinberg did a stint in the U.S. Navy in World War I, and afterwards became a securities trader. Goldman Sachs bought Weinberg a seat on the New York Stock Exchange in 1925.

Weinberg became a Goldman Sachs partner in 1927 and helped run the investment trusts, including Goldman Sachs Trading Corp. He co-ran the division with Waddill Catchings, who shriveled the market value of Goldman Sachs Trading Corp. from $500 million to less than $10 million. At this point, Weinberg took over the division, becoming a senior partner in 1930. He became head of the firm in 1930, saving it from bankruptcy, and held that position until his death in 1969.

## Public service

Weinberg befriended Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932 while working as a member of the Democratic Party's National Campaign Finance Committee, and successfully raised more funds than any other member. Since many on Wall Street had opposed Roosevelt in the 1932 presidential election, Weinberg stood out as a prime candidate for the new president's liaison to Wall Street. Indeed, in 1933, Roosevelt assigned Weinberg the task of organizing a group of corporate executives- called the Business Advisory and Planning Council – to serve as a bridge between the government and the private sector during the economic upheaval of the New Deal. Weinberg handpicked executives with whom he wanted to develop business relationships, and deliberately invited no other investment bankers to join the Council, putting himself in the perfect position to network. Roosevelt admired Weinberg's work greatly, nicknaming him “The Politician” and offering him numerous federal appointments, all of which Weinberg refused.

When the United States entered World War II in 1941, Weinberg played an active role in engaging America's private sector to overcome the nation's considerable financial, industrial, and organizational challenges. Weinberg repeatedly proclaimed, “government service is the highest form of citizenship,” and, “I’ll never take a job in government in peacetime, but I’ll take any job in time of war.” Following Weinberg's success recruiting corporate talent for the Business Advisory and Planning Council, President Roosevelt entrusted Weinberg with an even more important mandate: forming the Industry Advisory Committee under the War Production Board’s Chairman, Donald M. Nelson.

Weinberg personally met with the CEOs of America’s top corporations and told them: “Our nation is in grave danger. America needs an enormous number of talented executive leaders to organize a massive war production effort. The President has sent me here to get your help in identifying your very best young men. We need the smartest young stars you’ve got. And don’t even think of passing off older men or second-raters. I’m asking the same thing of every major company in the country, and I’ll be watching very closely how well your men do compared to the best young men from all the other corporation. God forbid the people you pick are less than the best because God, President Roosevelt, and I would never, ever forgive you.”

In 1942, Weinberg was promoted to the position of assistant to the chairman of the War Production Board. General Motors CEO Charles Erwin Wilson said of Weinberg's service during this period: “His wide and influential friendships were invaluable in inducing outstanding men to come to Washington with us.”

## Ford

Weinberg's position on the War Production Board helped him to forge close personal relationships with many of America's top young businessmen. When the war ended, many of these executives hired Weinberg as their investment banker, thereby boosting the prestige of Goldman Sachs’ client engagements. Many executives invited Weinberg to join their own companies’ boards. Weinberg served on the boards of many of America's leading blue chip companies, including those of Ford Motor Company, General Electric, Sears Roebuck, Continental Can, National Dairy Products Corporation, B.F. Goodrich Company, and General Foods Corporation.

Perhaps Weinberg's most important relationship from the War Production Board was with Henry Ford II, the eldest grandson of Henry Ford I. Following the death of his father Edsel Ford in 1943, Henry Ford II soon became president of Ford Motor Company – at that time America's largest private corporation. While enormous, Ford Motor Company faced considerable financial and strategic challenges transitioning from military manufacturing to a peacetime economy. Weinberg helped Ford to recruit a group of new executives including Ernie Breech and Theodore O. Yntema to revitalize the struggling automobile company. In return for Weinberg's advice, Ford chose Weinberg to lead the underwriting syndicate for Ford Motor Company's 1956 initial public offering. The Ford IPO was the largest the United States had ever seen, raising nearly seven hundred million dollars (roughly five billion dollars in today's terms), and considerably promoting Goldman Sachs’ position on Wall Street as a top investment bank.

## Political influence

While a lifelong fundraiser for the Democratic Party, Weinberg supported the Republican candidate Dwight D. Eisenhower in his 1952 presidential bid; Weinberg's campaigning efforts were critical to gathering support for Eisenhower among the business community. In return for Weinberg's backing, Eisenhower appointed several of Weinberg's recommendations to important cabinet positions, including George M. Humphrey of M.A. Hanna Company for Treasury Secretary; Charles Erwin Wilson of General Motors for Secretary of Defense; and Robert T. Stevens of J.P. Stevens & Co. for Secretary of the Army. Likewise, after Weinberg helped Lyndon B. Johnson win the presidency in 1964, Johnson appointed Weinberg's recommendations of John T. Connor for Secretary of Commerce and Henry H. Fowler for Secretary of the Treasury.

## Family

Weinberg married Helen Livingston in 1920 and the couple lived in Scarsdale, New York. They had two children, John Livingston Weinberg and Sidney J. "Jim" Weinberg, Jr., both of whom were partners of Goldman Sachs. His grandson John S. Weinberg was the company's vice chairman and another grandson Peter Weinberg was the company's head of European business before co-founding the boutique investment bank Perella Weinberg Partners.

## InfoBox

| Sidney Weinberg | |
| --- | --- |
| Weinberg in 1942 | |
| Born | (1891-10-12)October 12, 1891
New York City, U.S. |
| Died | July 23, 1969(1969-07-23) (aged 77)
New York City, U.S. |
| Occupation | Investment banker |
| Employer | Goldman Sachs |
| Spouses | *   Helen Livingston  (m. 1920; died 1967) *   Regina Pierce (m. 1968) |
| Children | 2 including John |


title: Carl Vaugoin

abstract: Carl Vaugoin was an Austrian politician who served as the eleventh Chancellor of Austria from 30 September to 4 December 1930. As a member of the Christian Social Party, Vaugoin also served as Defense Minister in 15 Austrian cabinets from 1921 to 1933, as well as Vice Chancellor of Austria from 1929 to 1930.

text:
# Carl Vaugoin

**Carl Vaugoin** (8 July 1873  10 June 1949) was an Austrian politician who served as the eleventh Chancellor of Austria from 30 September to 4 December 1930. As a member of the Christian Social Party, Vaugoin also served as Defense Minister in 15 Austrian cabinets from 1921 to 1933, as well as Vice Chancellor of Austria from 1929 to 1930.

## Further reading

* Jedlicka, Ludwig: *Ein Heer im Schatten der Parteien*. Hermann Bohlaus Nachf, 1955, ISBN 978-3-20508020-6.
* Staudinger, Anton: *Carl Vaugoins Bemühungen um Suprematie der Christlichsozialen in Österreich 1930–32*. Dissertation, Wien 1965.
* Weissensteiner, Friedrich, Weinzierl, Erika (Hrsg.): *Die österreichischen Bundeskanzler*. Österreichischer Bundesverlag, Wien 1983, ISBN 978-3-21504669-8.

## InfoBox

| Carl Vaugoin | |
| --- | --- |
| Vaugoin in 1933 | |
|  | |
| Chancellor of Austria | |
| **In office**
30 September 1930  4 December 1930 | |
| President | Wilhelm Miklas |
| Vice-Chancellor | Richard Schmitz |
| Preceded by | Johann Schober |
| Succeeded by | Otto Ender |
| Vice-Chancellor of Austria | |
| **In office**
26 September 1929  30 September 1930 | |
| Chancellor | Johann Schober |
| Preceded by | Vinzenz Schumy |
| Succeeded by | Richard Schmitz |
| Minister of Defence | |
| **In office**
28 April 1921  21 September 1933 | |
| Preceded by | Walter Breisky |
| Succeeded by | Engelbert Dollfuß |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1873-07-08)8 July 1873
Vienna, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | 10 June 1949(1949-06-10) (aged 75)
Krems an der Donau, Austria |
| Political party | Christian Social Party |
|  | |


abstract: The 2016–17 network television schedule for the five major English commercial broadcast networks in Canada covers primetime hours from September 2016 through August 2017. The schedule is followed by a list per network of returning series, new series, and series canceled after the 2015–16 television season, for Canadian, American and other series. CBC Television was first to announce its fall schedule on May 26, 2016, followed by CTV and CTV Two, as well as City on May 30, 2016, and Global on June 9, 2016. As in the past, the commercial networks' announcements come shortly after the networks have had a chance to buy Canadian rights to new American series. CTV Two and Global are not included on Saturday as they do not carry network programming.

text:
# 2016–17 Canadian network television schedule

The **2016–17 network television schedule** for the five major English commercial broadcast networks in Canada covers primetime hours from September 2016 through August 2017. The schedule is followed by a list per network of returning series, new series, and series canceled after the 2015–16 television season, for Canadian, American and other series.

CBC Television was first to announce its fall schedule on May 26, 2016, followed by CTV and CTV Two, as well as City on May 30, 2016, and Global on June 9, 2016. As in the past, the commercial networks' announcements come shortly after the networks have had a chance to buy Canadian rights to new American series.

CTV Two and Global are not included on Saturday as they do not carry network programming.

## Schedule

* New series are highlighted in **bold**. Series that have changed network are not highlighted as new series.
* All times given are in Canadian Eastern Time and Pacific Time (except for some live events or specials).
    + Most CBC programming airs at the same local time in all time zones, except Newfoundland time (add 30 minutes).
    + For commercial stations in the Central Time Zone, subtract one hour.
    + For commercial stations in the Atlantic and Mountain time zones, add one hour for programming between 8:00 and 10:00 PM. Programs airing at 10:00 PM ET/PT will generally air at 8:00 PM local on stations in these areas. For viewers in the Newfoundland time zone, add an additional 30 minutes to the Atlantic time schedule.
    + Notwithstanding the above, timeslots may occasionally vary further in some areas due to local simultaneous substitution considerations, compliance with watershed restrictions, or other factors.

## Legend

Light blue indicates Local Programming.   Grey indicates Encore Programming.   Light green indicates sporting events.   Orange indicates movies.   Red indicates Canadian content shows, which is programming that originated in Canada.   Magenta indicates series being burned off and other irregularly scheduled programs, including specials.   Cyan indicates various programming.   Light yellow indicates the current schedule.

### Sunday

| Network | | 7:00 PM | 7:30 PM | 8:00 PM | 8:30 PM | 9:00 PM | 9:30 PM | 10:00 PM | 10:30 PM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| CBC | Fall | *Heartland* | | ***This Is High School*** | | ***This Life*** | | *The National* | |
| | Follow-up | *Canada's Smartest Person* | | ||
| | Winter | *The A Word* | | *Michael: Every Day* | *Michael: Every Day* | |
| | Late Winter | *Interrupt This Program* | *Crash Gallery* ||
| | Spring | ***Anne*** | | ***Canada: The Story of Us*** | | |
| City | Fall | Encore Programming | *Bob's Burgers* | ***Nirvanna the Band the Show*** | ***Son of Zorn*** | *Family Guy* | *The Last Man on Earth* | Encore Programming | |
| | | Spring | ***Making History*** | | | | *Little Big Shots* | |
| CTV | Fall | *NFL* | | *Once Upon a Time* | | *Secrets and Lies* | | *Quantico* | |
| | Spring | | Encore Programming | | ***Time After Time*** | | *Saving Hope* (3/12) | |
| CTV Two | | Encore Programming | | *Dancing with the Stars* | | | | Encore Programming | |
| Global | Fall | *Superstore* | *The Simpsons* | *NCIS: Los Angeles* | | *Madam Secretary* | | *Elementary* | |
| | Winter | | ***The Good Fight*** | | *NCIS: Los Angeles* | | *Shades of Blue* | |
| | Spring | | *Elementary* | | | ***Chicago Justice*** | |
| | Summer | *Big Brother* | | | *Hockey Wives* | | *NCIS: Los Angeles* | |

### Monday

| Network | | 8:00 PM | 8:30 PM | 9:00 PM | 9:30 PM | 10:00 PM | 10:30 PM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| CBC | Fall | *Murdoch Mysteries* | | ***Shoot the Messenger*** | | *The National* | |
| | Winter | ***Pure*** | | |
| | Late Winter | ***Bellevue*** | | |
| City | Fall | *The Middle* | *The Real O'Neals* | *2 Broke Girls* | *The Odd Couple* | *Scorpion* | |
| | Winter | | ***24: Legacy*** | | | *The Middle* |
| | Spring | *2 Broke Girls* (R) | *2 Broke Girls* | |
| CTV | Fall | *Gotham* | | *Lucifer* | | ***Conviction*** | |
| | Winter | Encore Programming | | | | *Quantico* | |
| | Spring | *The Voice* | | | | |
| CTV Two | | *The Voice* | | | | Encore Programming | |
| Global | Fall | ***Kevin Can Wait*** | ***Man with a Plan*** | *Chicago Fire* | | ***Timeless*** | |
| | | Winter | *The Simpsons* | | *The Blacklist* | |
| | | Spring | ***Kevin Can Wait*** | *Big Brother Canada* | | ***Taken*** | |
| | Summer | *The Simpsons* | *Private Eyes* | | ***Midnight, Texas*** | |

### Tuesday

| Network | | 8:00 PM | 8:30 PM | 9:00 PM | 9:30 PM | 10:00 PM | 10:30 PM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| CBC | Fall | *Rick Mercer Report* | *22 Minutes* | ***Kim's Convenience*** | *Mr. D* | *The National* | |
| | | Winter | *Schitt's Creek* | | ***Workin' Moms*** |
| City | Fall | *Brooklyn Nine-Nine* | *New Girl* | *Scream Queens* | | Encore Programming | |
| | Winter | *New Girl* | ***The Mick*** | | *Bones* | |
| | | Spring | *Brooklyn Nine-Nine* | | *Prison Break* | |
| CTV | Fall | *The Flash* | | ***This Is Us*** | | *Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.* | |
| | Spring | *The Voice* | | | ***Trial & Error*** | ***Trial & Error*** (3/7) |
| CTV Two | Fall | *The Voice* | | Encore Programming | | | |
| | Winter | *The Flash* | | *Legends of Tomorrow* | | Encore Programming | |
| Global | Fall | *NCIS* | | ***Bull*** | | *NCIS: New Orleans* | |
| | Winter | | ***Ransom*** | |
| | Spring | | *Chicago Fire* | |
| | Summer | | ***Somewhere Between*** | |

### Wednesday

| Network | | 8:00 PM | 8:30 PM | 9:00 PM | 9:30 PM | 10:00 PM | 10:30 PM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| CBC | Fall | *Dragons' Den* | | *The Romeo Section* | | *The National* | |
| | Winter | *X Company* | | |
| City | Fall | *Lethal Weapon* | | *Modern Family* | *Black-ish* | Encore Programming | |
| | Spring | | | | ***Shots Fired*** | |
| CTV | Fall | *Blindspot* | | *Criminal Minds* | | ***Designated Survivor*** | |
| | Winter | | ***Cardinal*** | |
| | Spring | | ***Designated Survivor*** | |
| CTV Two | | *Arrow* | | *Law & Order: Special Victims Unit* | | *Code Black* | |
| Global | Fall | *Survivor* | | *Chicago Med* | | *Chicago P.D.* | |
| | Late Fall | *Rookie Blue* | | |
| | Late Winter | *Chicago Med* | | | ***Mary Kills People*** | |
| | Spring | *Survivor* | | | *Big Brother Canada* (3/15) | |
| | Summer | *Big Brother* | | ***Salvation*** | | ***Travelers*** | |

### Thursday

| Network | | 8:00 PM | 8:30 PM | 9:00 PM | 9:30 PM | 10:00 PM | 10:30 PM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| CBC | | *The Nature of Things* | | *Firsthand* | | *The National* | |
| City | Fall | ***Thursday Night Football*** (continued to game completion) | | | | | |
| | Follow-up | *The Mindy Project* | ***Second Jen*** | *Mom* | *Life in Pieces* | Encore Programming | |
| | Winter | | | | *The Middle* |
| | Spring | | | | *The Real O'Neals* |
| CTV | Fall | *Grey's Anatomy* | | ***Notorious*** | | *How to Get Away with Murder* | |
| | Follow-up | | *The Big Bang Theory* | | *The Goldbergs* |
| | Winter | ***Powerless*** | *How to Get Away with Murder* | | ***Training Day*** | |
| | Spring | *MasterChef Canada* | | |
| CTV Two | Fall | *Legends of Tomorrow* | | Encore Programming | | | |
| | Winter | *MasterChef Junior* | | *Reign* | | Encore Programming | |
| | Spring | | *The Catch* | |
| Global | Fall | *Superstore* | ***The Good Place*** | ***Pitch*** | | *The Blacklist* | |
| | Follow-up | | ***The Great Indoors*** | |
| | Late fall | | *The Simpsons* | **Pure Genius** | |
| | Winter | *Superstore* | *Chicago Med* | | *The Blacklist* | |
| | | Late Winter | ***The Blacklist: Redemption*** | |
| | | Spring | *Big Brother Canada* | |
| | Summer | ***The Wall*** | | *Big Brother* | | *The Night Shift* | |

### Friday

| Network | | 8:00 PM | 8:30 PM | 9:00 PM | 9:30 PM | 10:00 PM | 10:30 PM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| CBC | Fall | *Marketplace* | *Hello Goodbye* | *The Fifth Estate* | | *The National* | |
| | Late Winter | | ***True North Calling*** | |
| City | | *Hell's Kitchen* | | Encore Programming | | | |
| CTV | Fall | *Shark Tank* | | ***The Exorcist*** | | *Blue Bloods* | |
| | Winter | *Grimm* | | | *Shark Tank* | |
| CTV Two | Fall | *The Vampire Diaries* | | Encore Programming | | | |
| | Winter | *Sleepy Hollow* | | Encore Programming | |
| Global | Fall | ***MacGyver*** | | *Hawaii Five-0* | | *The Firm* | |
| | Follow-up | | ***Pure Genius*** | |
| | Late fall | | *Undercover Boss Canada* | |
| | Winter | | ***Pure Genius*** | |
| | Spring | | *Madam Secretary* (3/10) | |
| | summer | | ***Ransom*** | |

### Saturday

| Network | | 8:00 PM | 8:30 PM | 9:00 PM | 9:30 PM | 10:00 PM | 10:30 PM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| CBC | | *Hockey Night in Canada* | | | | | |
| | City | |
| CTV | | *Comedy Night on CTV* | | | | | |
| Global | Fall | Various Programming | | | | | |
| | Winter | ***Ransom*** | | Encore Programming | | | |

## By network

### CBC

### City

### CTV/CTV Two

Comedies

Dramas

Upcoming Programming

### Global

Comedy Programming

Drama Programming

Upcoming Programming


title: Büyüknacar Fatih, Pazarcık

abstract: Büyüknacar Fatih is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Pazarcık, Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey. The village had a population of 404 in 2022.

text:
# Büyüknacar Fatih, Pazarcık

**Büyüknacar Fatih** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Pazarcık, Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey. The village had a population of 404 in 2022.

## InfoBox

| Büyüknacar Fatih | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| Büyüknacar FatihLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 37°36′23″N 37°16′4″E / 37.60639°N 37.26778°E / 37.60639; 37.26778 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Kahramanmaraş |
| District | Pazarcık |
| Population (2022) | 404 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Zélio Fernandino de Moraes

abstract: Zélio Fernandino de Moraes was a Brazilian medium who is considered the announcer of the Umbanda religion.

text:
# Zélio Fernandino de Moraes

**Zélio Fernandino de Moraes** (10 April 1892– 3 October 1975) was a Brazilian medium who is considered the announcer of the Umbanda religion.

## Biography

He was born on 10 April 1892 in São Gonçalo. At the age of 17, Zélio joined the Brazilian Navy. He was hospitalized with paralysis, but claimed to have been miraculously healed after he predicted that he would have been healed the next day. This led to contacts with Brazilian spiritism movements, and he became spokesman for a spirit entity named "Caboclo das Sete Encruzilhadas." As part of a Kardecist spiritual group, he later claimed to be in contact with other entities, including one named "Father Antônio", which he clearly described as a spirit of an old man.

Between 1918 and 1935, Zélio organized various temples/centers for Umbanda. In 1939, the Spiritist Union of Umbanda in Brazil (União Espiritista de Umbanda do Brasil, or UEUB) was formed to oversee the centers. Zélio continued to actively run the organization until his death at age 84.

* Saidenberg, Theresa. "Como surgiu a Umbanda em nosso país: 70° aniversário de uma religião brasileira." *Revista Planeta*, São Paulo, N. 75, December 1978. p. 34–38.
* "O fundador da Umbanda e sua missão na Terra." *Seleções de Umbanda*, N. 6–7, 1975.

## InfoBox

| Zelio Fernandino de Moraes | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1892-04-10)April 10, 1892
São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| Died | October 3, 1975(1975-10-03) (aged 84)
Brazil |
| Nationality | Brazilian |
| Occupation | Spiritual medium |
| Known for | Founder of Umbanda |


title: Raa Raa (2011 film)

abstract: Raa Raa is a 2011 Tamil romantic comedy film written and directed by Sandilya, starring Udhaya and Shweta Basu Prasad, in her Tamil film debut, in lead roles. The title refers to the Royapuram and Royapettah, two areas in Chennai. The film was launched in December 2010, and released on 7 October 2011 to mixed reviews.

text:
# Raa Raa (2011 film)

***Raa Raa*** is a 2011 Tamil romantic comedy film written and directed by Sandilya, starring Udhaya and Shweta Basu Prasad, in her Tamil film debut, in lead roles. The title refers to the Royapuram and Royapettah, two areas in Chennai. The film was launched in December 2010, and released on 7 October 2011 to mixed reviews.

## Plot

The story revolves around Bharathi (Udhaya) and his family, consisting of his father, mother, sister, brother, and sister-in-law. Saravanan, a rich cloth merchant, is very particular that the Thirukural is recited regularly within his home, and whenever Bharathi wants to please his father, he recites a kural or two and proves an exemplary son, even though he is up to his youthful antics the rest of the time. In all, it is a happy existence.

Into this scenario comes love in the form of Gayathri (Shweta Basu Prasad), whom Bharathi sights on the road one day, carrying a veena and hurrying to a college cultural, in a two-wheeler, with a Brahmin priest. Bharathi falls for her and assumes that she is from his community and that there will be no opposition at home for marriage. When Gayathri comes home and sees the lifestyle and sacred atmosphere in Bharathi's household, she is worried.

Bharathi and his family like her immensely and now want to meet her parents to fix the wedding. However, the truth is that she hails from an entirely different background, that of a Royapuram family, with her brother Dhana (Adithya Menon) being a rowdy who hacks down people left and right. What is more, her family’s large mansion is in the middle of a fishing township, while she herself was sent into a city hostel to continue her education. The two families are as different as chalk and cheese.

When Bharathi learns of this, he is disturbed, but his love wins, and he decides to find a way out for marriage. He decides to embark on a strange plan. He persuades Dhana and his family to masquerade as Brahmins, and after much effort, even manages to teach them several Kurals to please his father. Everything is smooth-sailing when the two families meet at Bharathi’s home, but when Saravanan wants to go to the girl’s house for the engagement ceremony, Dhana is in a fix. How can he invite them to Royapuram and the settlement of huts reeking of fish and surrounded with his rowdy gang? He decides to hire a house in Mylapore and lend himself some credibility in the eyes of Saravanan.

All is going according to Bharathi’s plan when a blast from the past steps in. An enemy of Saravanan wants to destroy him, and, in the process, reveal the secret that Bharathi has been keeping from his family.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Srikanth Deva.

| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Aambalaina Dhillu" | Mukesh Mohamed | Kabilan |
| 2 | "Anbum Aranum" | Surmukhi Raman, Harish Raghavendra | Thiruvalluvar |
| 3 | "Ethotho Ethotho" | Haricharan | Na. Muthukumar |
| 4 | "Mayakiputtale" | Naresh Iyer, Chinmayi | Yugabharathi |
| 5 | "Raa Raa" | Keerthiga Udhaya | Pon. Ravindran |
|

## InfoBox

| Raa Raa | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Sandilya |
| Screenplay by | Sandilya |
| Story by | Sandilya |
| Produced by | Keerthika Udhaya |
| Starring | Udhaya
Shweta Basu Prasad
Adithya Menon |
| Cinematography | R. Saravanan |
| Edited by | S. Surajkavee |
| Music by | Srikanth Deva |
| Production
company | Jaeshan Studios |
| Release date | * 7 October 2011 (2011-10-07) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Tamil |


title: Danais (hundred)

abstract:
Danais Hundred was a judicial and taxation subdivision of Hertfordshire, in the west of the county, that existed from the 10th to the 19th century. It gave its name to the modern local government district of Dacorum, established in 1974, which covers a similar area. Danais was Latinised to Dacorum in 1196. The name Danais means the Hundred of the Danes and refers to its incorporation into the Danelaw for a period in the tenth century. The territory of the hundred is interwoven with that of Cashio, which suggests that Cashio was carved out of Danais in the early eleventh century in order to provide a single jurisdiction for the Abbot of St Albans. The parishes in Danais at the time of Domesday were:
  - Abbots Langley (partial)
  - Aldenham
  - Barworth
  - Bushey
  - Caddington
  - Flamstead
  - Great Gaddesden (partial)
  - Kensworth
  - Redbourn (partial)
  - Shenley
  - Wheathampstead
  - Windbridge (partial) In the 16th century, Dacorum absorbed the hundred of Tring, and afterwards the hundred also included the following parishes:
  - Aldbury
  - Great Berkhampsted
  - Little Gaddesden
  - Hemel Hempstead
  - King's Langley
  - Puttenham
  - Redbourn (remainder)
  - Shenley
  - Wigginton
  - Great Gaddesden (remainder)

text:
# Danais (hundred)

**Danais** (Latinised as **Dacorum**) **Hundred** was a judicial and taxation subdivision (a *hundred*) of Hertfordshire, in the west of the county, that existed from the 10th to the 19th century. It gave its name to the modern local government district of Dacorum, established in 1974, which covers a similar area. Danais was Latinised to Dacorum in 1196. The name **Danais** means the Hundred of the Danes and refers to its incorporation into the Danelaw for a period in the tenth century.

The territory of the hundred is interwoven with that of Cashio, which suggests that Cashio was carved out of Danais in the early eleventh century in order to provide a single jurisdiction for the Abbot of St Albans.

The parishes in Danais at the time of Domesday were:

In the 16th century, Dacorum absorbed the hundred of Tring, and afterwards the hundred also included the following parishes:

51°46′N 00°32′W / 51.767°N 0.533°W / 51.767; -0.533


title: Dens invaginatus

abstract: Dens invaginatus (DI), also known as tooth within a tooth, is a rare dental malformation and a developmental anomaly where there is an infolding of enamel into dentin. The prevalence of this condition is 0.3 - 10%, affecting males more frequently than females. The condition presents in two forms, coronal involving tooth crown and radicular involving tooth root, with the former being more common. DI is a malformation of teeth most likely resulting from an infolding of the dental papilla during tooth development or invagination of all layers of the enamel organ in dental papillae. Affected teeth show a deep infolding of enamel and dentin starting from the foramen coecum or even the tip of the cusps and which may extend deep into the root. Teeth most affected are maxillary lateral incisors (80%), followed by maxillary canines (20%). Bilateral occurrence is also seen (25%).

text:
# Dens invaginatus

**Dens invaginatus** (**DI**), also known as **tooth within a tooth**, is a rare dental malformation and a developmental anomaly where there is an infolding of enamel into dentin. The prevalence of this condition is 0.3 - 10%, affecting males more frequently than females. The condition presents in two forms, coronal involving tooth crown and radicular involving tooth root, with the former being more common.

DI is a malformation of teeth most likely resulting from an infolding of the dental papilla during tooth development or invagination of all layers of the enamel organ in dental papillae. Affected teeth show a deep infolding of enamel and dentin starting from the foramen coecum or even the tip of the cusps and which may extend deep into the root. Teeth most affected are maxillary lateral incisors (80%), followed by maxillary canines (20%). Bilateral occurrence is also seen (25%).

## Signs and symptoms

DI is often asymptomatic with the affected crown showing minimal external deformity. Individuals with an affected tooth may complain of their tooth having an abnormal shape such as being wider mesio-distally or bucco-lingually.

Teeth affected by this condition are at a higher risk for developing caries and periradicular pathology. The thin layer of the infolding enamel could be chipped off easily, providing entrance for microorganisms into the root canal. This can cause abscess formation and displacement of dental structures (i.e. teeth). Early diagnosis and prevention is very important for maintaining tooth vitality. Clinical features such as incisal notching or pronounced talon cusp on lateral incisors could hit at DI and should be investigated with radiographs.

## Cause

Cause of DI is unclear. However, there are several theories:

* Genetics
* Infection
* Trauma
* Growth pressure of the dental arches during odontogenesis, causing enamel infolding
* Rapid proliferation of the internal enamel epithelium invades the underlying dental papilla

## Diagnosis

During clinical examination, an abnormally shaped tooth can be observed. Teeth with DI can have a conical peg shaped crown, a deep pit on the lingual side, or have an exaggerated talon cusp.

Although examination may reveal a fissure on the surface of an anterior tooth, in mild cases of DI, crowns may present with normal anatomy and are often asymptomatic. Therefore, radiographic examination is necessary to provide a definitive diagnosis. On a periapical radiograph, the invagination lesion will appear as a radiolucent pocket which could extend into the root or be confined to the crown. It is usually seen beneath the cingulum or incisal edge. Larger lesions can appear as fissures. A radiopaque border can also be observed. Pulp may be involved and the root canal could have complex anatomy. Two periapical radiographs are often required with differing horizontal angulation to ensure the lesion is fully visible.

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is useful in diagnosing DI, providing clinicians with a detailed 3D image. CBCT will also assist in determining the feasibility of root canal treatment, apical surgery or other procedures for teeth with DI.

### Oehlers' classification

* Class I - Partial invagination. It is limited to the crown of tooth. The lesion does not extend pass the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) or the pulp.
* Class II - Partial invagination. It extends beyond the crown and CEJ. Pulp may be involved but remain within the root anatomy. There is no communication of the lesion with periodontal ligament (PDL).
* Class IIIa - Complete invagination. It extends through root and communicates with PDL. It usually does not involve the pulp but can cause anatomical malformation.
* Class IIIb - Complete invagination. It extends through the root and communicates with PDL through apical foramen. Pulpal anatomy may not be directly involved but can cause disruption to the dental anatomy.

### Histology

* No irregularities in the dentin below invagination
* Strains of vital tissue or fine canals that communicates with the pulp could be found
* Enamel lining irregularly structured
* External and internal enamel have different structures

## Management

* Preventative treatment - e.g. oral hygiene instructions, fissure sealant
* Intentional replantation
* Root canal treatment with mineral trioxide aggregate
* Periapical surgery with retrograde filling
* Extraction

## InfoBox

| Dens invaginatus | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | Dens in dente, tooth within a tooth |
| Specialty | Dentistry |


title: Segmental blood pressure

abstract: Segmental blood pressure is used to measure actual limb blood pressure, to assess and locate arterial occlusion. On the legs, pressure is measured at the ankle, below the knee, above the knee, and mid-thigh. On the arm, measurements are taken at the wrist, below the elbow, above the elbow, and mid-upper arm.

text:
# Segmental blood pressure

**Segmental blood pressure** is used to measure actual limb blood pressure, to assess and locate arterial occlusion.

On the legs, pressure is measured at the ankle, below the knee, above the knee, and mid-thigh. On the arm, measurements are taken at the wrist, below the elbow, above the elbow, and mid-upper arm.

## InfoBox

| Segmental blood pressure | |
| --- | --- |
| Purpose | assess and locate arterial occlusion |


title: Carl Vandagrift

abstract: Carl William Vandagrift was a Major League Baseball infielder. He played 43 games, primarily as a second baseman but also as a third baseman and shortstop, in 1914 for the Indianapolis Hoosiers.

text:
# Carl Vandagrift

**Carl William Vandagrift** (April 22, 1883 – October 9, 1920) was a Major League Baseball infielder. He played 43 games, primarily as a second baseman but also as a third baseman and shortstop, in 1914 for the Indianapolis Hoosiers.

## InfoBox

| Carl Vandagrift | |
| --- | --- |
| **Second baseman** | |
| **Born:** (1883-04-22)April 22, 1883
Cantrall, Illinois, U.S. | |
| **Died:** October 9, 1920(1920-10-09) (aged 37)
Fort Wayne, Indiana, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| May 19, 1914, for the Indianapolis Hoosiers | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| October 5, 1914, for the Indianapolis Hoosiers | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .250 |
| Home runs | 0 |
| Runs batted in | 9 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Büyükmangıt, Ceyhan

abstract: Büyükmangıt is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Ceyhan, Adana Province, Turkey. Its population is 3,678 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde).

text:
# Büyükmangıt, Ceyhan

**Büyükmangıt** is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Ceyhan, Adana Province, Turkey. Its population is 3,678 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (*belde*).

## InfoBox

| Büyükmangıt | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| BüyükmangıtLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 37°02′N 35°46′E / 37.033°N 35.767°E / 37.033; 35.767 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Adana |
| District | Ceyhan |
| Population (2022) | 3,678 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Émile Mallet, Baron of Itapevi

abstract: Émile Louis Mallet, Baron of Itapevi, was a French-Brazilian Marshal. He is the patron of artillery in the Brazilian Army, the Day of the Artillery being celebrated on his birthday.

text:
# Émile Mallet, Baron of Itapevi

**Émile Louis Mallet, Baron of Itapevi** (10 June 1801 – 2 January 1886), was a French-Brazilian Marshal. He is the patron of artillery in the Brazilian Army, the *Day of the Artillery* being celebrated on his birthday.

## Biography

A man of great physical bearing, at 2.01 m tall and weighing 120 kg, Mallet came to Brazil with his family at age 17 in 1818, initially living in Rio de Janeiro. In the city, he was invited to join the Army; he enrolled into the Imperial Royal Military Academy in 1823, where he joined the Artillery officer course.

As a Second Lieutenant, Mallet commanded a battery of horse artillery in the Cisplatine War (the 1st Battery, 1st Mounted Artillery Corps), which lasted between 1825 and 1828. His first action was in the Battle of Ituzaingó, where he was promoted to captain, having commanded other gun crews after their officers were wounded. After the war's end, he married Joaquina Castorina de Medeiros Mallet in Bagé in Southern Brazil; she was the daughter of a wealthy landowner, and a close relative of Manuel Luís Osório, a friend and companion to Mallet and, in the future, also a Marshal in the Army.

Mallet was dissmised from service in 1831, due to not being natively Brazilian, and took up farming in Bagé. In 1837, however, as the Ragamuffin War raged, he was called back to service under General Antônio Elisário de Miranda e Brito, as commander of a horse-drawn gun battery. He was later in charge of important fortifications in Rio Grande, and, afterwards, as Major of the National Guard, Chief of Staff for Bento Manuel Ribeiro. After peace was made via the Treaty of Ponche Verde in March 1845, Mallet went back to a rural life.

He rejoined the Army permanently in 1851, during the Platine War, when he was summoned by the then Count of Caxias to participate in the Campaign against Argentina and Uruguay; he would remain in the Army until the Uruguayan War and the Paraguayan War started, fighting in both conflicts to their conclusion. In the conflict versus Uruguay, he commanded all the artillery in the key Siege of Paysandu. In the last conflict, initially in command of the 1st Horse Artillery Regiment, he had a key role in the victories of Paso de Patria, Estero Bellaco and Tuyutí.

Specifically in Tuyutí, the largest field battle in South American history, his guns were called "revolver cannons", for both their accuracy and firing speed. Mallet had ordered a deep trench to be stealthily dug in front of his cannons, impeding both infantry and cavalry charges against his position. He is famously quoted as having said "*Eles que venham! Por aqui não passam!*" \[They may come! Through here they shan't pass!\] as the battle started. Thanks to his performance in the battle, he was promoted to Colonel.

Afterwards, as commander of the 1st Artillery Brigade, he continued to support allied forces in maneuvers such as the Passage of Humaitá and the Pikysyry maneuver, and battles such as Angostura, Ytororó, Avay, Lomas Valentinas, Piribebuy and Campo Grande.

During the final phase of the conflict, the Campaign of the Hills, Mallet was commander-in-chief for the Army's artillery; when the war ended, in 1870, he was promoted to Brigadier, in 1884 to Lieutenant General, and, in 1885, to Marshal, in honor of his retirement from the army; he had been ennobled as Baron of Itapevi in 1878. He died in 1886, in Rio de Janeiro, at 84 years old. His body lies in a mausoleum which is maintained by the "Mallet Regiment", as the 3rd Self-Propelled Campaign Artillery Group is called, in Santa Maria in Rio Grande do Sul.

His battle sword is in a museum in São Gabriel, also in Rio Grande do Sul; his dress sword is in a museum dedicated to him in Santa Maria.

## Honors and legacy

In March 1932 the Army created the Mallet Medal, which is granted to the officer cadets in the Agulhas Negras Military Academy who excel in the firing drills in the artillery officer course.

In Paraná, the city of Mallet owes its name to him; he is also mentioned in the city's hymn. In Curitiba, the state's capital, there is a Marechal Mallet street.

In São Paulo, in the neighborhood of Vila Zelina, there is a street named Marechal Mallet, and in the district of Guaianases there is a school named after him; in the state of São Paulo, in the city of Praia Grande, there is an Avenue Marechal Mallet, in the same neighborhood where there is the Itaipu Fortress and where the 6th Coastal Motorized Artillery Group was based until 2004; nowadays the 2nd Anti-Air Artillery Group is based there. In Campinas, the Marechal Mallet State School is of great regional importance.

In Fortaleza, capital of Ceará, there is a square named after him.

In São Gabriel in Rio Grande do Sul, where he lived for many years, one of the main thoroughfares of the city is named General Mallet. In Caxias do Sul, there is a General Mallet street; in Santana do Livramento, there is a Marechal Mallet avenue.

### Citations

### Sources

* Alves, J. V. (1979). *Mallet, O Patrono da Artilharia*.
* Amaral, Antônio Carlos (2003). *Velhos Comandantes (1831-1925) - Regimento Mallet*.

## InfoBox

| Émile Mallet | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1801-06-10)10 June 1801
Dunkirk, France |
| Died | 2 January 1886(1886-01-02) (aged 84)
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| Resting place | Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul |
| Awards |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Brazil |
| Branch/service | Brazilian Army
National Guard |
| Years of service | 1822-1831
1837-1845
1851-1885 |
| Rank | Marshal |
| Commands | * 1st Battery, 1st Mounted Artillery Corps * 1st Horse Artillery Regiment * 1st Artillery Brigade * Army Artillery Command |
| Battles/wars |  |
|  | |


title: Quinnia polita

abstract: Quinnia polita is a species of extremely small deep water sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Seguenziidae.

text:
# Quinnia polita

***Quinnia polita*** is a species of extremely small deep water sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Seguenziidae.

## InfoBox

| *Quinnia polita* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Vetigastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Seguenzioidea |
| Family: | Seguenziidae |
| Subfamily: | Seguenziinae |
| Genus: | *Quinnia* |
| Species: | ***Q. polita*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Quinnia polita***<br>(Verco, 1906) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Seguenzia polita* Verco, 1906 | |


title: Danair

abstract: Danair A/S was an airline in Denmark, headquartered in Kastrup, Tårnby Municipality.

text:
# Danair

**Danair A/S** was an airline in Denmark, headquartered in Kastrup, Tårnby Municipality.

## History

It was a joint venture between Scandinavian Airlines System (51% ownership), Maersk Air (34%) and Cimber Air. The three companies marketed all domestic flights from the cooperation started in 1971 until the liberalization of the airline market in the European Union in 1995.

SAS flew the routes from Copenhagen Airport to Aalborg, Aarhus and Karup, as well as the Greenland airports of Kangerlussuaq and Narsarsuaq. Maersk Air flew the routes to Billund, Rønne, Esbjerg, Vojens and Odense. Cimber Air flew the routes to Sønderborg.

## InfoBox

Danair
| IATA ICAO Call sign  DX DEN DANISH | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1971 |
| Ceased operations | 1995 |
| Hubs | Copenhagen Airport |


title: Central Banda language

abstract: Central Banda is a dialect continuum of the Banda languages spoken by around one million people, primarily in the Central African Republic. The varieties may be mutually intelligible, especially the Mid-Southern–Gobu–Kpagua–Mono–Ngundu cluster. The other varieties are Bambari, Banda-Banda, Mbrès, Ndélé, and Togbo-Vara Banda.

text:
# Central Banda language

**Central Banda** is a dialect continuum of the Banda languages spoken by around one million people, primarily in the Central African Republic. The varieties may be mutually intelligible, especially the Mid-Southern–Gobu–Kpagua–Mono–Ngundu cluster. The other varieties are Bambari, Banda-Banda, Mbrès, Ndélé, and Togbo-Vara Banda.

## Phonology

The following is the Banda-Tangbago dialect:

### Consonants

|  | | Labial | Alveolar | Post-
alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labial-
velar | Glottal |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Plosive/
Affricate | voiceless |  |  |  |  |  | kp |  |
| | voiced |  |  |  |  |  | ɡb |  |
| | prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ⁿdʒ |  | ᵑɡ | ᵑᵐɡb |  |
| Fricative | voiceless |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | voiced |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | prenasal | ᶬv | ⁿz |  |  |  |  |  |
| Nasal | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Tap/Flap | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lateral | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Approximant | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

### Vowels

|  | Front | Central | Back |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Close |  |  |  |
| Close-mid |  |  |  |
| Open-mid | |  |  |
| Open |  |  |  |

### Tone

Vowel tones are: rising /ǎ/, falling /â/, mid /ā/, low /à/, and high /á/.

## Varieties

Central Banda language varieties listed by Moñino (1988):

Nougayrol (1989) also lists Kɔ̀nɔ́, Manja, Ndòkà, Njùlúgù, and Sàra Dìnjo.

## Demographics

Demographics of Central Banda language varieties as synthesized from Moñino (1988) and Nougayrol (1989):

| Language | Villages | Population | Clans | Notes | Countries |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bàndà-Bàndà |  |  |  |  |  |
| Bàndà-Kpaya |  |  |  |  | (only in South Sudan) |
| Bàndà-Ndele |  |  |  |  |  |
| Bèrèyà |  |  |  |  |  |
| Bòngò |  |  |  |  |  |
| Búkà |  |  |  |  |  |
| Burú | Kúyàrà | 25 | Màtià | Kpata road; near Gbàyà of Krakə̀mâl; also in Bahr el Ghazal, migrated during the Zubayr era (ca. 1930) | (only in South Sudan) |
| Dabùrù | Ndagra | 20 | Kɔ̀tɔ̀, Ngòmbe, Ngulú (Kpata), Ndubu (Kpata and Ndagra) | Kpata road |  |
| Dabùrù | Kpàtà | 380 |  | Kpata road |  |
| Dabùrù | Miskin | 30 |  | recent satellite of Jamsinda |  |
| Dùkpù |  |  |  |  | (also in South Sudan) |
| Gài | Zòkùtùɲálà |  | Tulu | Haraz road |  |
| Gài | Batéle ́ |  | Tulu | Ndélé |  |
| Galabò |  |  |  |  |  |
| Gbàgà | Mia Fɔ̀ndɔ̀ | 90 | Gbə̀lè, Gùməli, Mabiri, Vidi, Yàkpà |  |  |
| Gbàgà | Kàká | some |  |  |  |
| Gbàgà | Kòv̂òngò Mia | 70 | Vidi, Yúdà |  |  |
| Gbàgà | Ngú Sua | 60 | Kupi, Mbízà, Ngìàlúgù/Ngèlúgù/Njùlúgù, Vóndò |  |  |
| Gbàgà | Gbàkó Lìkpà | 65 | Vidi |  |  |
| Gbàgà | Bangora̱ | 155 | Dámbasí/Dámbacé, Kòlògbò, làngbà |  |  |
| Gbàgà | Dàngàvo | 50 | Kòlògbò, Yàkpà |  |  |
| Gbàgà | Yambala Màgùndà | 80 | Mɔnɔ, Vàngà |  |  |
| Gbàgà | Vátá | 170 | Banga, Manja, poro, Tàngbàgò, Tògbò, Yàngbà |  |  |
| Gbàgà | Vavú | ? |  |  |  |
| Gbàgà | Bu Mbàlà | 45, with Gbaya | Banga, Dákpá, Mòngò, Vidi |  |  |
| Gbàgà | Bàmingi 1, 2 | 650 | Gbàyà, Gùməli, Ngìàlúgù/Ngèlúgù/Njùlúgù, Sìmi/Cìmi, Vidi |  |  |
| Gbàgà | Yangú Gàlá | 30 | Báláwà | with the Mbele |  |
| Gbàgà | Yambala Kùdùvèlé | 90 | Dámbasí/Dámbacé, Kpòʔòrò, Ngìàlúgù/Ngèlúgù/Njùlúgù, Sìmi/Cìmi, Wádà, Wójò, Yúdà |  |  |
| Gbàgà | Jamsinda | some |  | Golongoso road |  |
| Gbambiya |  |  |  |  |  |
| Gbàyà | Krakə̀mâ 1 | 210 | Àbátà, Lòngbò, Tulu, Yàma | Kpata road |  |
| Gbàyà | Krakə̀mâ 2 | 80 | Gbòngó, Gbókóló, ɲamô |  |  |
| Gbàyà | Ngú Yambrì | 40 | ɲamô |  |  |
| Gbàyà | Bu Mbàlà |  | Lìwu | some families; on Gangui road, on the outskirts of Gbaga |  |
| Gbòngó | Takara | 170 | 7 - Danbùrù, Gbàngárà, Ndì, Ngàmbeà, Ngulú, Wɔlɔ́, Yàndè | Kpata road |  |
| Govo | Ndélé |  |  | ? |  |
| Gòv̂òrò |  |  |  |  | (only in South Sudan) |
| Gubú |  |  |  |  | (also in DR Congo) |
| Hàì |  |  |  |  |  |
| Jòtò |  |  |  |  |  |
| Júnguru | Batéle 2 (Ndélé) and Idòngó |  |  | originally from Kpula, and were subjects of Zubayr | (also in South Sudan) |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Kɔ̀nɔ́ | Batéle 2 (Ndélé) |  |  | some families |  |
| Kpágùà |  |  |  |  | (also in DR Congo) |
| Lìndá | Lìndá 1 |  |  | Ngbɔ̀lɔ̀ngɔ̀jɔ̀ |  |
| Lìndá | Lìndá 2 |  |  | Mbìà |  |
| Lìndá | formerly Kùcù Kakú |  |  |  |  |
| Lìndá | some in Ndele |  |  | Ngàò |  |
| Manja | Batéle 1 (Ndélé cluster) | 180 | Bòkèngè, Bìsènge | some families in Kubu and Jamsinda (Golongoso road) |  |
| Mbanja |  |  |  |  | (only in DR Congo) |
| Mbanza |  |  |  |  | (also in DR Congo) |
| Mbàtá | Zòkùtùɲálà | 340 | 250 | Haraz road |  |
| Mbàtá | Ndélé |  |  | 1 neighborhood |  |
| Mbele | Yangú Doro | 40 |  |  |  |
| Mbele | Yangú Líká | 30 | Ngìndì |  |  |
| Mbele | Yangú Gàlá |  | Mbrua | some families living with the Muruba |  |
| Mbele | Yambala Kùdùvèlé |  |  | some families living with the Muruba |  |
| Mbele | Jamsinda |  | Mbrua | some families (on Golongoso road) |  |
| Mùrùbà | Dungu Yangú | 105 | Yagua | with the Ngao |  |
| Mùrùbà | Biʃi Ngú 1 | 75 | Kàgárà | with the Ngapo |  |
| Mùrùbà | Gbà Lə́bà | 100 | Gbanga |  |  |
| Mùrùbà | Yangú Ngav̂ala | 30 | Gbózu Yavóró, Kàdá |  |  |
| Mùrùbà | Kàgà Nzê | 45 | Kpèyí |  |  |
| Mùrùbà | Ngú Mburu | 25 | Ngbə̀lɛ́lɛ́ |  |  |
| Mùrùbà | Mbí Ngú | 45 | Gbanga |  |  |
| Mùrùbà | Muruba | 250 | Bongo | 2 neighborhoods |  |
| Mùrùbà | Sajara | 130 | Gàràwá, Kpèyí, Ngbalá, Sògbòrò | 2 neighborhoods |  |
| Mùrùbà | Kassaï |  | Gbanga, Kpèyí, Wàndè | some families |  |
| Mùrùbà | Kro Pálíá |  |  | some families |  |
| Mùrùbà | Jamsinda |  |  | some families |  |
| Mùrùbà | Kubu |  |  | some families; Golongoso road |  |
| Nbìyì |  |  |  |  |  |
| Ndi |  |  |  |  |  |
| Ndòkà Njùlúgù | Ádùm Mindu | 250 |  | Bangui road |  |
| Ndòkpà |  |  |  |  |  |
| Ngàjà | Ndélé |  |  | some families |  |
| Ngàò | Yangú Brinjì | 155 | Sàngàsà |  |  |
| Ngàò | Ngú Jáká | 200 | Kàbà | Kpata road |  |
| Ngàò | Mbólò 1 | 295 | Gbúlú |  |  |
| Ngàò | Mbólò 2 | 25 | Gòv̂òrò |  |  |
| Ngàò | Mbólò 3 | 260 | Lìwà |  |  |
| Ngàò | Mbólò 4 | 60 | Gbòngó |  |  |
| Ngàò | Gbə̀tì ə́njo | 35 | Dòdòrò |  |  |
| Ngàò | Kə́lə́ Bítì | 145 | Dòdòrò |  |  |
| Ngàò | Vùngbá | 55 | Dòdòrò |  |  |
| Ngàò | Yàfò | 30 | Jùmə̀là | Bangoran road |  |
| Ngàò | Kàká | 120 | Ndákpá |  |  |
| Ngàò | Dungu Yangú | 105 | Dòdòrò | with the Muruba |  |
| Ngàò | Ngàò Ndákpá | 55 | Nivu (?) |  |  |
| Ngàò | Kassaï |  |  | some families |  |
| Ngàò | Kro Pálíá |  |  | some families |  |
| Ngápó | Gbà Njípri | 33 | Gbàrə̀ | Bangoran road |  |
| Ngápó | Gbà Lə́bà | 100 | Dìgàò, Zàgò | Bangui road; with the Muruba |  |
| Ngápó | Kassaï |  |  |  |  |
| Ngápó | Ndélé |  |  |  |  |
| Ngbalá | Ndyiri |  | Gbà Lábà | 7 villages and clans |  |
| Ngbalá | Ídòngó |  | Dèngè |  |  |
| Ngbalá | Ngú Gua (Gbɔ̀kɔ́) |  |  |  |  |
| Ngbalá | Yangú Bə̀ (Wá Ngato) |  |  |  |  |
| Ngbalá | Ngú Mbrì (Wàkà) |  |  |  |  |
| Ngbalá | Ngú Tàgbà (Ngèlè) |  |  |  |  |
| Ngbalá | Bangora̱ Gudèrè (Mɔ̀ʔɔ́) |  |  |  |  |
| Ngòlà | Ndele |  |  |  |  |
| Ngòlà | Jamsinda |  |  | Golongoso road |  |
| Ngùndù |  |  |  |  |  |
| Sàbángà | Gbə̀tì ə́ Njo |  | Vəjà | Bangoran road |  |
| Sàbángà | Yangú Gàlá |  |  | Bangui road |  |
| Sàra Dìnjo | ɲango (Bangui road) | 130 |  | some Sàra Ngàma from Chad also joined recently |  |
| Southern Gbàgà |  |  |  |  |  |
| Tàngbàgò | Ngú Sua Torofay | 450 total | Gbòngó, Gài | Bangoran road | (also in South Sudan) |
| Tàngbàgò | Tolísiò |  | Àngbé | Bangoran road |  |
| Tàngbàgò | Biʃi Ngú 2 |  | Bílí | Bangui road |  |
| Tàngbàgò | Sa Kùmbá |  | Mbákàná | Bangui road |  |
| Tàngbàgò | Dungu Yangú |  | Mbákàná | some families |  |
| Tògbò |  |  |  |  | (also in South Sudan) |
| Tulu | Dèò | 35 | Gèndè, Manja, Ngàyà, Ngàò | Kpata road |  |
| Tulu | Wî Fran | 185 | Kagba, Ngulú |  |  |
| Tulu | Batéle 3 | 200 | Gèndè, Kagba, Ngulú, Ngbenda, Ngàjà |  |  |
| Tulu | Kro Pálíá |  |  | Ndélé |  |
| Vàrà |  |  |  |  | (also in South Sudan) |
| Vídìrì (Mvédèrè) |  |  |  |  | (also in South Sudan) |
| Wádà | Kubu |  |  | Golongoso road; originally from Ouadda region, in Ndélé | (also in South Sudan) |
| Wádà | Batéle 2 | Ndélé |  |  |  |
| Wasá | Batéle 2 | Ndélé |  | some families | (also in South Sudan) |
| Wùndù |  |  |  |  | (only in South Sudan) |
| Yakpà |  |  |  |  | (also in DR Congo) |
| Yàngere |  |  |  |  |  |

## InfoBox

| Central Banda | |
| --- | --- |
| Native to | Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan |
| Native speakers | (580,000 cited 1984–1996) |
| Language family | Niger–Congo? |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:
`liy`  Banda-Bambari
`bpd`  Banda-Banda
`bqk`  Banda-Mbrès
`bfl`  Banda-Ndélé
`tor`  Togbo-Vara Banda
`bjo`  Mid-Southern Banda
`gox`  Gobu
`kuw`  Kpagua
`mnh`  Mono
`nue`  Ngundu |
| *Glottolog* | `cent2022` |


title: Serial Cleaner

abstract: Serial Cleaner is a stealth game developed by Draw Distance and published by Curve Digital. Players attempt to remove evidence from crime scenes without being caught. It was followed by Serial Cleaners.

text:
# Serial Cleaner

***Serial Cleaner*** is a stealth game developed by Draw Distance and published by Curve Digital. Players attempt to remove evidence from crime scenes without being caught. It was followed by *Serial Cleaners*.

## Gameplay

Players control a cleaner who is hired to remove evidence at crime scenes in the 1970s. Besides moving corpses, this takes a literal aspect as they vacuum up blood. Police are already at the scene, and if they see the cleaner, they chase. Player can hide in various spots on the map, which causes the police to lose interest in them. Being caught forces players to replay the level and randomizes the locations of the objects that need to be cleaned.

## Development

*Serial Cleaner* was released for PCs, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on July 14, 2017. The Nintendo Switch version followed on November 30, 2017, and it was released on iOS on June 20, 2019.

## Reception

On Metacritic, *Serial Cleaner* received positive reviews on the Switch and mixed reviews elsewhere. *Rock Paper Shotgun*, *NintendoLife*, and *Vice* liked the game's concept but found the idea of restarting randomized levels infuriating. Conversely, *GamesRadar*'s reviewer found the scenes where he was caught funny, and he enjoyed the level design. *Push Square* wrote, "Its difficulty and slight release content are offset by a number of options, a great premise, and some uniquely engaging gameplay." *NintendoWorldReport* praised the gameplay and retro charm but felt that the Switch controls were sometimes inconsistent.

## InfoBox

| Serial Cleaner | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Draw Distance |
| Publisher(s) | Curve Digital |
| Platform(s) |  |
| Release | **Windows, PS4, Xbox One**
July 14, 2017
**Nintendo Switch**
November 30, 2017
**iOS**
June 20, 2019 |
| Genre(s) | Stealth game |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: 1860 Honduran presidential election

text:
# 1860 Honduran presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Honduras in 1860. The result was a victory for José Santos Guardiola, who became the first president elected solely on the basis of the popular vote.

## Results

The elections were a contest between conservative incumbent José Santos Guardiola and his liberal vice president José María Lazo Guillén. Guardiola was elected with 90% of the vote.

| Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| José Santos Guardiola | 20,531 | 89.76 |
| José María Lazo Guillén | 2,342 | 10.24 |
| Total | 22,873 | 100.00 |
|  | | |
| Source: UCSD | | |

## Aftermath

Following the elections, the General Chamber elected Victoriano Castellanos as Vice President. Guardiola and Castellanos took office on 7 February.


title: LAURON

abstract:
LAURON is a six-legged walking robot, which is being developed at the FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik in Germany. The mechanics and the movements of the robot are biologically-inspired, mimicking the stick insect Carausius Morosus.
The development of the LAURON walking robot started with basic research in field of six-legged locomotion in the early 1990s and led to the first robot, called LAURON. In the year 1994, this robot was presented to public at the CeBIT in Hanover. This first LAURON generation was, in contrast to the current generation, controlled by an artificial neural network, hence the robot's German name: LAUfROboter Neuronal gesteuert. The current generation LARUON V was finished in 2013.

text:
# LAURON

**LAURON** is a six-legged walking robot, which is being developed at the FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik in Germany. The mechanics and the movements of the robot are biologically-inspired, mimicking the stick insect Carausius Morosus. The development of the LAURON walking robot started with basic research in field of six-legged locomotion in the early 1990s and led to the first robot, called LAURON. In the year 1994, this robot was presented to public at the CeBIT in Hanover. This first LAURON generation was, in contrast to the current generation, controlled by an artificial neural network, hence the robot's German name: **LAU**f**RO**boter **N**euronal gesteuert (English: Walking Robot, Neural Controlled). The current generation LARUON V was finished in 2013.

LAURON V
| Six-legged walking robot LAURON V at Taranis Field Exercise (2013) | |
| --- | --- |

## Overview

This biologically-inspired walking robot was developed to study and realize statically stable walking in rough terrain. Because of the flexible behavior- based control system, LAURON is capable of adapting to unknown situations very well. Through the robust mechanical design, different walking patterns and high number of degrees of freedom, LAURON can maintain a stable locomotion even under extreme circumstances.

A panoramic camera was installed on the back of LAURON for teleoperation tasks. This camera gives the operator a good overview of the robot and its local environment at all times. By the use of augmented reality glasses the operator can see additional status information overlaid onto the camera images and displayed in the glasses.

LAURON is able to gather information about its environment and plan a path towards a given goal autonomously. While walking LAURON can detect obstacles and then either walk over them or around them, if the obstacles are too high

The walking robot is intended to be used in inspection and maintenance tasks in rough and for humans hazardous areas like landmine detection, exploration of volcanoes or search and rescue missions after natural disasters.

## Models

### LAURON I (since approx. 1994)

LAURON I was finished in late 1993 and then presented to public at the CeBit 1994. It was constructed of aluminum and fiber-reinforced plastics with an overall weight of 11 kg. The robot was controlled by artificial neural networks. The construction and design was strongly inspired by the stick insect.

### LAURON II (since approx. 1995)

The second generation of LAURON was developed and built from 1995–96. The main features were a changed mechanical design and some additional sensors like force sensors in the feet and an inclinometer. Because the new legs were now built of aluminum the overall weight of LAURON II increased to 16 kg. It has a maximum payload of 20 kg and a maximum speed of 50 cm/s LAURON II was used as a test platform for validating various control strategies and for machine learning.

### LAURON III (since approx. 1999)

In 1999 the third LAURON generation was built. With an overall weight of 18 kg the robot was now able to carry a payload of up to 10 kg. Each leg has three degrees of freedom, and each foot has force sensors on all three axes. The artificial neural networks of the previous generations were replaced by a modular reactive control system. Now, the research focus shifted to topics like robot localization, navigation and environment modeling.

### LAURON IV (since approx. 2004)

The fourth generation of LAURON was finished in 2004. The mechanical robustness was improved, for example the round cord belt connecting the joints with the motors were replaced by gear belts. Beside, a new head with 2 degrees of freedom was added. The central body was now made of light-weight carbon fiber. LAURON IV weights 27 kg including its accumulators and can reach a maximum walking speed of up to 0.22 m/s. Furthermore, the used NiMH accumulators can supply LAURON with energy for up to 60 minutes. The current version of the fourth LAURON generation is LAURON IVc. The LAURON IV won the Faulhaber University Project Award in 2011.

### LAURON V (since approx. 2013)

The fifth LAURON generation was introduced and demonstrated at the International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) 2013 in Karlsruhe Germany. The flexibility and maneuverability of LAURON V was improved by adding another rotational joint to each leg close to the main body. This joint enlarged each leg's workspace and allows LAURON to orient its feet towards the ground. The mounting angles of the six legs were optimized to additionally increase the overall workspace, improve the support polygon, and enable LAURON V to manipulate objects with its front legs. With its insect like kinematic structure and behavior-based control system LAURON is able to cope with difficult, rough terrain.

## InfoBox

LAURON IVc
| Six-legged walking robot LAURON IVc (2009) | |
| --- | --- |


title: San Polo Matese

abstract: San Polo Matese is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Campobasso in the Italian region Molise, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Campobasso. San Polo Matese borders the following municipalities: Bojano, Campochiaro, Colle d'Anchise, San Gregorio Matese.

text:
# San Polo Matese

**San Polo Matese** is a *comune* (municipality) in the Province of Campobasso in the Italian region Molise, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Campobasso.

San Polo Matese borders the following municipalities: Bojano, Campochiaro, Colle d'Anchise, San Gregorio Matese.

## InfoBox

| San Polo Matese | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di San Polo Matese | |
|  | |
| Location of San Polo Matese | |
| San Polo MateseLocation of San Polo Matese in ItalySan Polo MateseSan Polo Matese (Molise) | |
| Coordinates: 41°28′N 14°30′E / 41.467°N 14.500°E / 41.467; 14.500 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Molise |
| Province | Campobasso (CB) |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Tonino Spina |
| Area | |
| Total | 17.7 km2 (6.8 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 751 m (2,464 ft) |
| Population (Dec. 2004) | |
| Total | 485 |
| Density | 27/km2 (71/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Sanpolesi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 86020 |
| Dialing code | 0874 |
| Patron saint | St. Nicholas |
| Saint day | 6 December |


title: John Edgar Park

abstract: John Edgar Park is a technical director in computer animation, author, and host of Make: television. Park received a Bachelor of Arts in Drama from the University of Virginia in 1994, where he was a founding member of The New Dominions and sang in the Virginia Glee Club. He has worked as a computer graphics trainer at Sony Imageworks, and as a character technical director at Walt Disney Animation Studios and at DisneyToon Studios, where he currently works. At Disney, he has worked as a character rigger on Meet the Robinsons and Bolt. Park's book, Understanding 3D Animation Using Maya, was written based on his experience teaching Maya at Sony Imageworks during the production of Spider-Man 2, The Polar Express, The Matrix Reloaded, and The Matrix Revolutions. Park has been a contributor to Make (magazine) since September 2007 and to the Make blog since November 2008. In January 2009, Park became host of the public television series Make: television, where his segment, "Maker Workshop," demonstrates how to create and build such projects as a VCR powered cat feeder, Wii-powered personal flight recorder, portable trebuchet, and a shopping cart chair. Park has appeared on the television programs The Screen Savers and Attack of the Show! on the G4 network. Park currently works for Adafruit Industries. He hosts a weekly YouTube broadcast "John Park's Workshop".

text:
# John Edgar Park

**John Edgar Park** is a technical director in computer animation, author, and host of Make: television.

Park received a Bachelor of Arts in Drama from the University of Virginia in 1994, where he was a founding member of The New Dominions and sang in the Virginia Glee Club. He has worked as a computer graphics trainer at Sony Imageworks, and as a character technical director at Walt Disney Animation Studios and at DisneyToon Studios, where he currently works. At Disney, he has worked as a character rigger on *Meet the Robinsons* and *Bolt*.

Park's book, *Understanding 3D Animation Using Maya*, was written based on his experience teaching Maya at Sony Imageworks during the production of *Spider-Man 2*, *The Polar Express*, *The Matrix Reloaded*, and *The Matrix Revolutions*.

Park has been a contributor to Make (magazine) since September 2007 and to the Make blog since November 2008. In January 2009, Park became host of the public television series Make: television, where his segment, "Maker Workshop," demonstrates how to create and build such projects as a VCR powered cat feeder, Wii-powered personal flight recorder, portable trebuchet, and a shopping cart chair.

Park has appeared on the television programs *The Screen Savers* and *Attack of the Show!* on the G4 network.

Park currently works for Adafruit Industries. He hosts a weekly YouTube broadcast "John Park's Workshop".

## Bibliography

* *Understanding 3D Animation Using Maya*. Springer. 2004. ISBN 0-387-00176-X.

## InfoBox

| John Edgar Park | |
| --- | --- |
| John Edgar Park on the set of Make: television. | |
| Education | Northfield Mount Hermon School<br>University of Virginia |
| Occupation | Host of Make: Television |
| Years active | 2009 - present |
| Employer | Adafruit Industries |
| Known for | Make: television |
| Website | www.jpixl.net |


title: R. Scott Fishe

abstract: Robert Scott Fishe was an English operatic baritone and actor best remembered for creating roles in the 1890s with the D’Oyly Carte Opera Company. As a boy, Fishe was a chorister with the Chapel Royal. After beginning his professional stage career, he was hired in 1891 by Richard D'Oyly Carte for the chorus of Arthur Sullivan's grand opera Ivanhoe. He soon toured in South America with other D'Oyly Carte artistes, performing in comic operas and surviving a shipwreck off the coast of Chile. In 1892, Fishe played leading roles with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company and in other West End companies, but from spring 1893, he performed exclusively with D'Oyly Carte. Although he had begun to suffer from tuberculosis, he created several roles, most notably in Gilbert and Sullivan's last two operas: Mr. Goldbury in Utopia, Limited (1893) and the Prince of Monte Carlo in The Grand Duke (1896). He played the title role in several revivals of The Mikado. In 1896, he travelled to South Africa for a D'Oyly Carte tour. There, he fell ill again, but he was able to return to the stage briefly at the end of 1897, after which run his health deteriorated. After several attempts to recuperate, Fishe gave up all hope of recovery, and he committed suicide at the age of 27.

text:
# R. Scott Fishe

**Robert Scott Fishe** (12 February 1871 – 31 August 1898) was an English operatic baritone and actor best remembered for creating roles in the 1890s with the D’Oyly Carte Opera Company.

As a boy, Fishe was a chorister with the Chapel Royal. After beginning his professional stage career, he was hired in 1891 by Richard D'Oyly Carte for the chorus of Arthur Sullivan's grand opera *Ivanhoe*. He soon toured in South America with other D'Oyly Carte artistes, performing in comic operas and surviving a shipwreck off the coast of Chile.

In 1892, Fishe played leading roles with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company and in other West End companies, but from spring 1893, he performed exclusively with D'Oyly Carte. Although he had begun to suffer from tuberculosis, he created several roles, most notably in Gilbert and Sullivan's last two operas: Mr. Goldbury in *Utopia, Limited* (1893) and the Prince of Monte Carlo in *The Grand Duke* (1896). He played the title role in several revivals of *The Mikado*. In 1896, he travelled to South Africa for a D'Oyly Carte tour. There, he fell ill again, but he was able to return to the stage briefly at the end of 1897, after which run his health deteriorated.

After several attempts to recuperate, Fishe gave up all hope of recovery, and he committed suicide at the age of 27.

## Early career

"Bob" Fishe was born in Stanhope Street in St Pancras, London, to Jane (*née* Scott) and Robert Fishe, an ironmonger. Although his mother went by the name "Fishe", she did not marry his father until 1874. On their banns entry, Robert Fishe is listed as a widower, and his bride as a spinster; they were living at the same address.

He began to perform as a boy in church choirs and at concerts and was selected as a chorister with the Chapel Royal He made his professional stage debut singing nautical songs in a variety show at Hengler's Circus in London. He sang in the chorus at the Globe Theatre in Luscombe Searelle's *The Black Rover* and was then hired in 1891 by Richard D'Oyly Carte for the chorus of Arthur Sullivan’s grand opera *Ivanhoe* at the Royal English Opera House.

Later in 1891, still only twenty years old, Fishe and other D'Oyly Carte regulars, including Leonora Braham, went to South America with the Edwin Cleary Opera Company. There they performed in Buenos Aires, Montevideo, Valparaiso, Lima, Rio de Janeiro, and other cities. Fishe had roles in *The Pirates of Penzance* (the Pirate King), *Patience* (Major Murgatroyd), *The Mikado* (title role), *The Sorcerer* (Sir Marmaduke), *Dorothy* (Harry Sherwood), *Pepita* (Bombardos) and *Erminie*, among other works. The Company was shipwrecked off the coast of Chile in the middle of the tour, losing most of their possessions, but there were no deaths. Some of the company, including Fishe, made their way on horseback across the Andes to Argentina. They returned to England in March 1892.

Fishe was then engaged by the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, immediately performing the role of Thomas Merton in *The Vicar of Bray* at the Savoy Theatre. At the end of the run, he left the Savoy to star in *Ma mie Rosette* at the Globe Theatre and then at the Prince of Wales Theatre from November 1892 to February 1893. Fishe began to suffer from tuberculosis, perhaps as early as on the South America tour, and the disease was to advance over the ensuing years. After *Ma mie Rosette*, he travelled to Switzerland to convalesce.

## Savoy Theatre

In the spring of 1893, Fishe returned to the Savoy Theatre to create roles in several more Savoy Operas. These began with the role of Jack in the short-lived *Jane Annie*, which opened in May 1893. In his 1908 memoir, Rutland Barrington tells the following story about Fishe:

> ...when Ford and I returned from golf, we found \[Fishe and Charles Kenningham\] fast asleep on sofas. ...it shortly became time to go to the theatre, and though we eventually aroused Kenningham, nothing we could do would waken Scott Fishe. He could not be left – time was flying – so between us we half carried, half pushed him round the corner, got him dressed, and stood by him till his cue came to go on the stage, and literally shoved him on. He went through the dialogue of his scene, sang his song without making the slightest mistake, came off the stage and – *woke up!* not having a notion what he had done."

In October 1893, Fishe created the part of Mr. Goldbury in Gilbert and Sullivan's *Utopia, Limited*, and in July 1894 he created the role of Gerard de Montigny in *Mirette*, resuming this role when the revised version opened in October. In December 1894 he created the role of Ferdinand de Roxas in Burnand and Sullivan's *The Chieftain*.

In April 1895 Fishe joined a D'Oyly Carte touring company, appearing in his old roles of Tommy Merton, Mr. Goldbury, Gerard de Montigny, and Ferdinand de Roxas. When *Princess Ida* was added to the repertoire, Fishe appeared as Florian. Fishe returned to the Savoy Theatre in November to play the title role in the revival of *The Mikado*. He continued to play at the Savoy, creating the role of the Prince of Monte Carlo in Gilbert and Sullivan's last opera, *The Grand Duke*, in 1896 and then played the title role in another revival of *The Mikado*.

## Later life

In December 1896, Fishe travelled to South Africa together with Emmie Owen and George Thorne in a D'Oyly Carte tour. There he appeared as the Mikado of Japan in *The Mikado* and Giuseppe in *The Gondoliers*. However, he fell ill again during the tour and returned to England in early 1897. After another convalescence, in December 1897 he returned to the Savoy Theatre, playing Colonel Macrobrunner in *The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein*, after which run his health deteriorated.

Fishe never fully recovered from tuberculosis, and Richard D'Oyly Carte paid for first-class passage for him to go to Jamaica to recuperate. Believing he had no hope of recovery, however, Fishe returned to England and was sent to Margate in the hope that the bracing sea air at that resort would help him. When that also failed, he went to London where, having obtained a revolver, he committed suicide on 31 August 1898, aged 27 years.


title: Danajon Bank

abstract: The Danajon Bank is the only double barrier reef in the Philippines, which is a very rare geological formation, which is located in the Camotes Sea. It comprises two sets of large coral reefs that formed offshore on a submarine ridge due to a combination of favorable tidal currents and coral growth in the area.

text:
# Danajon Bank

The **Danajon Bank** is the only double barrier reef in the Philippines, which is a very rare geological formation, which is located in the Camotes Sea. It comprises two sets of large coral reefs that formed offshore on a submarine ridge due to a combination of favorable tidal currents and coral growth in the area.

## Overview

One of only six double barrier reefs in the world, Danajon Bank runs for 156 kilometers \[97 miles\] in the Central Visayas, between the following islands: Bohol, Cebu, and Leyte. There are only 3 major passages through this double reef — the NorthWest Pass, the Middle Pass, & the NorthEast Pass. The Danajon Bank's overall area is 272 square kilometers \[105 square miles\], with an aggregate coastline of 699 kilometers \[434 miles\], which includes 40 islands. The Danajon Bank makes up over 1% of the total coral reef area of the Philippines, which is estimated at 27,000 square kilometers \[10,424 square miles\].

## Conservation efforts

Due to overfishing, the Danajon Bank has a declining population of fish, and many upper-level predators have ceased to hunt along the reef. To counteract this, 34 Marine Protected Areas have been established.

From 2003 to 2010 USAID funded the FISH Project, a conservation project aimed at managing fisheries in the Philippines, including those on the Danajon Bank. Dynamite fishing is the preferred method of fishing there, and the fish catch has considerably dwindled due to the absence of the fish and the destruction of the various coral reef habitats.

## Species

Species such as flathead fish, anemonefish, parrotfish, angels, wrasses, blue-edged sole, and messmate pipefish are present in the ecosystem of the Danajon Bank. Large sea fans and sponges live in the areas with deeper water, as does branch coral.

The reef is also home to three endangered coral species such as the mushroom coral, bubble coral, and elegance coral. Seahorses live in the reef, and have become a popular attraction for environmentalists seeking to observe the animal in its natural habitat.

It is home to a vast array of commercially valuable reef fishes, shellfish, crustaceans, and invertebrates such as sea cucumbers and sea urchins. Its extensive seagrass beds are nursery and feeding grounds for various species of rabbitfish (*siganid*s) and sea horses, while its mangroves are spawning habitats for crustaceans, shrimps, and various fishes. Almost all sea grasses that occur in the Republic of the Philippines are well represented in this double barrier reef.

## Islands

Small islands are situated in the Danajon Bank. Since the area is rich is marine resources, these islands are mostly populated with fisherfolks. Some of these islands are the most densely populated islands in the world.

Islands of the Danajon Bank
| Municipality/City | Name of Island |
| --- | --- |
| Bato, Leyte | Dawahon |
| Bien Unido, Bohol | Bilangbilangan East
Hingotanan
Malingin
Sagasa |
| Buenavista, Bohol | Cabul-an |
| Calape, Bohol | Mantatao |
| Getafe, Bohol | Banacon
Nasingin
Pandanon |
| Inabanga, Bohol | Cuaming
Hambongan |
| Lapu-Lapu City | Caubian Islands |
| Talibon, Bohol | Cataban
Calituban
Guindacpan
Nocnocan |
| Tubigon, Bohol | Bagongbanwa
Batasan
Bilangbilangan
Mocaboc
Pangapasan
Ubay Island |

## Management Council

A memorandum of agreement was signed on September 7, 2022, for the creation of the Bohol Danajon Bank Double Barrier Reef Management Council (BDBDBRMC). This agreement was participated by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, the provincial government of Bohol and the municipal government units of Bien Unido, Buenavista, Clarin, Getafe, Inabanga, Pres. Carlos P. Garcia, Talibon, Trinidad, Tubigon and Ubay.

The formation of the management council aims to implement proper management, protection and conservation of the Danajon Bank barrier reef that has been the breeding ground of various marine creatures, ensure food security and livelihood for communities that depend on its fishing grounds and develop the area for ecotourism.

The local governments of Cebu, Leyte and Southern Leyte that are in the vicinity of the Danajon Bank are invited to join the management council.

* Camotes Sea — the sea in which this double barrier reef is located.

## InfoBox

| Danajon Bank | |
| --- | --- |
| Double Reef | |
| Danajon BankLocation within the Philippines | |
| Coordinates: 10°16′N 124°17′E / 10.267°N 124.283°E / 10.267; 124.283 | |
| Dimensions | |
| Length | 97 mi |
| Volcanic arc/belt | Philippine Trench |


title: Demon Master

abstract: Demon Master is the second full-length album by American heavy metal band Blind Illusion. The band changed to a softer hard rock/heavy metal sound with this release. It came 22 years after their first album, The Sane Asylum.

text:
# Demon Master

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metal Psalter |  |

***Demon Master*** is the second full-length album by American heavy metal band Blind Illusion. The band changed to a softer hard rock/heavy metal sound with this release. It came 22 years after their first album, *The Sane Asylum*.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Merger" | 2:56 |
| 2. | "Mahakala" | 2:32 |
| 3. | "Heaven's Devils" | 5:00 |
| 4. | "Precursor – Demon Master" | 9:55 |
| 5. | "Gargantuan" | 5:33 |
| 6. | "Midnight in China" | 3:49 |
| 7. | "Cajun Fang" | 5:53 |
| 8. | "Storm Cloud" | 9:27 |

## Personnel

* Marc Biedermann – vocals, guitar
* Danny Harcourt – guitar
* Robert Nystrom – drums
* Jon Brunner – producer, engineer

## InfoBox

| Demon Master | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Blind Illusion | |
| Released | July 2010 |
| Genre | Heavy metal, hard rock |
| Length | 45:08 |
| Label | Demon Master |
| Blind Illusion chronology | |
| *The Sane Asylum*
(1988) ***Demon Master***
(2010) | |


title: Siege of Faro (1249)

abstract: The siege of Faro occurred when Portuguese forces, under the command of King Afonso III of Portugal, captured the city of Faro in 1249 from the Taifa of Niebla. The event marked the end of Portuguese Reconquista efforts in the Iberian Peninsula. The conquest took place in the context of the gradual conquest of the cities of the Guadiana valley and the eastern part of the Algarve from Ibn-Mahfuz, lord of the taifa of Niebla and the last representative of Muslim power in western Al-Andalus. The fall of Mértola, Tavira, Ayamonte, Cacela and the fall of Seville in 1248, left Ibn-Mahfuz completely isolated, and with no no other choice but to come to terms with Ferdinand III of Castile. The city of Faro, isolated and without hope of relief from forces of the Muslim world, capitulated before a fierce and well disciplined force, even though such a force was probably composed of a small number of men. This explains why contemporary Muslim sources refer to the event as the city having been "delivered" to the King of Portugal. The city was taken in March 1249, as evidenced by the deed of donation by the King of some houses in Santarém to lord João Peres de Aboim, signed in Faro that month, when in February of that year the king is documented to have been in Ourém. The capture of the nearby villages of Albufeira, Porches and a few other small settlements quickly followed still in that same year. It is likely that King Afonso III himself took part in the campaign against the city, albeit discreetly, as did the Master of the Order of Santiago, lord Paio Peres Correia. In the event, just as in the conquest of the rest of the Algarve, the absence of members of the main families of Portugal can be observed according to some authors, with those who partook in the capture in Faro being mostly second-borns and bastard children of the nobility, reflecting the importance of military acts for those who could expect little from their inheritance. Some of them were handsomely rewarded, giving rise to families that would mark Portugal in the late 13th century and in the following century. The knights of the military orders, above all those of the Order of Santiago and the Order of Aviz played an important role, and among the main nobles who participated were Avigas Loure, his brother-in-law the castellan of Santarém Martim Dade, the chancellor Estevão Anes, and Mem Soares de Melo. Portuguese ownership of the Algarve was disputed by Castille, and it was only recognized when the Treaty of Alcanizes was signed in 1297, with Papal mediation.

text:
# Siege of Faro (1249)

The **siege of Faro** occurred when Portuguese forces, under the command of King Afonso III of Portugal, captured the city of Faro in 1249 from the Taifa of Niebla. The event marked the end of Portuguese Reconquista efforts in the Iberian Peninsula.

The conquest took place in the context of the gradual conquest of the cities of the Guadiana valley and the eastern part of the Algarve from Ibn-Mahfuz, lord of the taifa of Niebla and the last representative of Muslim power in western Al-Andalus. The fall of Mértola, Tavira, Ayamonte, Cacela and the fall of Seville in 1248, left Ibn-Mahfuz completely isolated, and with no no other choice but to come to terms with Ferdinand III of Castile.

The city of Faro, isolated and without hope of relief from forces of the Muslim world, capitulated before a fierce and well disciplined force, even though such a force was probably composed of a small number of men. This explains why contemporary Muslim sources refer to the event as the city having been "delivered" to the King of Portugal.

The city was taken in March 1249, as evidenced by the deed of donation by the King of some houses in Santarém to lord João Peres de Aboim, signed in Faro that month, when in February of that year the king is documented to have been in Ourém. The capture of the nearby villages of Albufeira, Porches and a few other small settlements quickly followed still in that same year.

It is likely that King Afonso III himself took part in the campaign against the city, albeit discreetly, as did the Master of the Order of Santiago, lord Paio Peres Correia. In the event, just as in the conquest of the rest of the Algarve, the absence of members of the main families of Portugal can be observed according to some authors, with those who partook in the capture in Faro being mostly second-borns and bastard children of the nobility, reflecting the importance of military acts for those who could expect little from their inheritance. Some of them were handsomely rewarded, giving rise to families that would mark Portugal in the late 13th century and in the following century.

The knights of the military orders, above all those of the Order of Santiago and the Order of Aviz played an important role, and among the main nobles who participated were Avigas Loure, his brother-in-law the castellan of Santarém Martim Dade, the chancellor Estevão Anes, and Mem Soares de Melo.

Portuguese ownership of the Algarve was disputed by Castille, and it was only recognized when the Treaty of Alcanizes was signed in 1297, with Papal mediation.

## InfoBox

| Siege of Faro | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the Portuguese Reconquista | |
|
Medieval gateway of the castle of Faro. | |
| Date March 1249  Location Faro, Portugal  Result  Portuguese victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Portugal
Order of Santiago
Order of Aviz | Taifa of Niebla |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Afonso III of Portugal
Paio Peres Correia | Unknown |


title: Seedley railway station

abstract: Seedley railway station is a disused station located in the Seedley area of Salford, on the former Liverpool and Manchester Railway. The station was opened by the London and North Western Railway on 1 May 1882. It was located where Langworthy Road crossed the railway on an overbridge. The station building was at road level with a footbridge running parallel to the road and three sets of stairs going down to the three platforms. The platforms were all to the west of the road, there was a central platform with running lines on both sides and outer platforms with one face to the railway. The northernmost platform had a signal box located half way along it. The station had no goods facilities, only handling passengers and parcels, it closed on 2 January 1956. The line is still open. Parts of the station wall can still be seen but part of the trackbed has been covered over following the construction of the M602 motorway.

text:
# Seedley railway station

**Seedley railway station** is a disused station located in the Seedley area of Salford, on the former Liverpool and Manchester Railway.

The station was opened by the London and North Western Railway on 1 May 1882. It was located where Langworthy Road crossed the railway on an overbridge. The station building was at road level with a footbridge running parallel to the road and three sets of stairs going down to the three platforms. The platforms were all to the west of the road, there was a central platform with running lines on both sides and outer platforms with one face to the railway. The northernmost platform had a signal box located half way along it.

The station had no goods facilities, only handling passengers and parcels, it closed on 2 January 1956.

The line is still open. Parts of the station wall can still be seen but part of the trackbed has been covered over following the construction of the M602 motorway.

| Preceding station |  | Disused railways |  | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Weaste |  | London and North Western Railway |  | Cross Lane |

### Citations

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Seedley | |
| --- | --- |
| General information | |
| Location | Seedley, Salford City Council<br>England |
| Coordinates | 53°28′52″N 2°17′49″W / 53.481052°N 2.296809°W / 53.481052; -2.296809 |
| Platforms | 4 |
| Other information | |
| Status | Disused |
| History | |
| Opened | 1 May 1882 (1882-05-01) |
| Closed | 2 January 1956 (1956-01-02) |
| Original company | London and North Western Railway |
| Pre-grouping | London and North Western Railway |
| Post-grouping | London Midland and Scottish Railway |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Semyon Snitkovsky

abstract: Semyon Snitkovsky - was a Soviet classical violinist and a professor.

text:
# Semyon Snitkovsky

**Semyon Snitkovsky** (Rus: Семён Снитковский; August 9, 1933 in Odessa – April 4, 1981 in Moscow) - was a Soviet classical violinist and a professor.

## Biography

Semyon (Semion) Snitkovsky's formal music education began in 1940 at Stolyarsky Music School. After an ensuing hiatus that was brought on by World War II, he was accepted into a class of Veniamin Zinovievich Mordkovich. In three years he performed his first solo recital, and in 1951 entered Odessa Conservatory, where he also studied with professor Mordkovich. In the early fifties Snitkovsky was already a soloist with the Odessa Philharmonic Orchestra.

In 1956, after his performance at the recital of the best Ukrainian music colleges' graduates, he became a soloist of the Lviv Philharmonic and a teacher at the Lviv Conservatory. In 1957 Snitkovsky was accepted into the Moscow Conservatory as a postgraduate student. He started studying there with David Oistrakh, and almost immediately became Oistrakh's assistant. A few years later he received a doctorate and full professorship at the Conservatory.

In 1957 he became a laureate of the All-Union competition, subsequently winning a bronze medal at the World Festival of Youth and Students in Moscow. 1958 brought his first international success, at the competition for young musicians in Bucharest – within the framework of the International Festival named after Romanian musician, George Enescu. Snitkovsky won 1st prize, which he shared with Romanian born Hungarian violinist Stephan Ruha. He also, along with the pianist Olga Stupakova, won the second prize for the best performance of Enesco’s Third Sonata for violin and piano.

In 1963 Snitkovsky received a 2nd prize at the Queen Elisabeth Competition. After the competition the newspaper "Le Soir" wrote: "Snitkovsky brings to the composer’s concept a soaring luminosity ...a technical aspect making a brilliant impression". In 1967, the International Foundation of Eugène Ysaÿe in Belgium awarded Snitkovsky a gold medal – an honor bestowed only once every five years.

Snitkovsky died in 1981, age 47, at the height of his creative abilities.

## Creative achievements

At first, bright gift of Semyon Snitkovsky was highly praised by critics at the George Enescu International Competition:"...his seemingly effortless technique combined with a profound comprehension of modern music has allowed Snitkovsky to achieve outstanding success", wrote the various Romanian newspapers. Snitkovsky’s performance of Glazunov’s violin concerto at the competition’s finale was labeled "perfect".

During the 1960s and 1970s, Snitkovsky’s mastery reached incredible heights. Aficionados and experts alike were conquered by the depth and uniqueness of his interpretation, the highly charged emotional content, "speech expressiveness", the amazing beauty and flexibility of the phrasing, the richest palette – from the most delicate and tender sounds ... to the bright and powerful. He possessed a boiling temperament, a shining virtuosity seemingly without limits. His repertoire quickly expanded and, as musicians then would proclaim, Snitkovsky excellently plays anything and all composed for violin in the past 300 years – from Corelli and Lekler to then young Rodion Shchedrin". Snitkovsky’s program included, of course, the great classics - his performance of Bach, Mozart, Beethoven or 19th century romantics, Tchaikovsky or Glazunov was always an art event.

Snitkovsky played the music of 20th century classics also with huge enthusiasm: Stravinsky, Shostakovich, Prokofiev, Bartok, Hindemith, Britten, Villa-Lobos – their innovative opuses, at this time not widely understood, he presented brightly and convincingly. Music of the soviet composers such as A. Khachaturian, D. Kabalevsky, M. Vainberg and V. Salmanov, also the newest and specially written for Snitkovsky pieces were included in his repertoire as well.

Snitkovsky performed with many great orchestras and famous conductors, such as Nathan Rakhlin, André Cluytens, Gennady Rozhdestvensky, and Karel Ančerl. André Cluytens said once after performing with Snitkovsky, "It is a great pleasure to play with such an outstanding artist as Semyon Snitkovsky. I will always be happy to make music with this brilliant musician".

Snitkovsky regarded his teaching career with the same inspiration and devotion as his performing one. Snitkovsky brought new input to violin teaching, there were many serious musicians among his students. While a professor at the Moscow Conservatory, from 1976 he was also a professor of violin class at the Liszt Music Academy in Budapest. Snitkovsky taught many master-classes and instructional courses in different countries with great success. Quoting one of the articles about his participation in the concerts and master-classes in Tour (France): "Snitkovsky is not only an outstanding virtuoso, but is a great teacher".

Soviet and foreign press excitingly praised him. There are short quotations from the hundreds of publications: "Soviet music" magazine notes his honorable style, excellent technique, beautiful sound and uniqueness of the phrasing. In 1977 after Snitkovsky triumphantly performed in Zurich, German newspaper "Tages Anzieger" stated that Snitkovsky is one of the greatest violin players of his generation, calling his performance of excerpts from Stravinsky’s "Petrushka" "the fireworks of violin virtuosity that impresses with almost inhuman perfection". "Le Figaro" called Snitkovsky’s Parisian concerts an "eye opener".

To commemorate Snitkovsky’s seventy-fifth birthday, recording company "Melodia" issued a set of CDs containing his recordings of Bach, Paganini, Schumann, Shubert, Liszt, Bartok, Stravinsky, Khachaturian, Ysaÿe, Debussy, etc.

## Family

Semyon's niece, Simona Snitkovskaya, is a resident pianist at Opera San Jose, teaches piano, and coaches opera singers. She herself is a wonderful pianist.

## InfoBox

| Semyon Snitkovsky | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1933-08-09)August 9, 1933
Odessa, Soviet Union |
| Died | April 4, 1981(1981-04-04) (aged 47)
Moscow, Soviet Union |
| Genres | Classical |
| Occupation(s) | Violinist, Soloist, Pedagogue |