title: Santana Latin American Tour 2005

abstract: Santana Latin American Tour 2005 was a Latin American concert tour by American rock band Santana in 2005.

text:
# Santana Latin American Tour 2005

**Santana Latin American Tour 2005** was a Latin American concert tour by American rock band Santana in 2005.

## Tour band

* Andy Vargas – lead vocals
* Carlos Santana – lead guitar, percussion, vocals
* Tommy Anthony – rhythm guitar
* Chester D. Thompson – keyboards, vocals
* Salvador Santana – keyboards
* Benny Rietveld – bass guitar
* Dennis Chambers – drums
* William Ortiz – trumpet
* Jeff Cresman – trombone
* Bobby Allende – percussion, vocals
* Karl Perazzo – timbales, percussion, vocals

## Set list

This set list is representative of the show on April 10. It does not represent all concerts for the duration of the tour.

1. "Jin-go-lo-ba" (Babatunde Olatunji)
2. "Roule" (Carlos Santana, S. Jurad)
3. "Put Your Lights On" (Erik Schrody)
4. "Aye Aye Aye" (Michael Shrieve, Santana, Karl Perazzo, Raul Rekow)
5. "Concierto de Aranjuez" (Joaquín Rodrigo)
6. "Maria Maria" (Santana, Perazzo, Rekow, Wyclef Jean, Jerry Duplessis)
7. "Foo Foo" (Yvon André, Roger Eugène, Yves Joseph, Hermann Nau, Claude Jean)
8. "Samba Pa Ti" (Santana)
9. "Batuka" (José Areas, David Brown, Michael Carabello, Gregg Rolie, Michael Shrieve)
10. "No One to Depend On" (Carabello, Coke Escovedo, Rolie, Willie Bobo, Melvin Lastie)
11. "El Fuego" (Santana, Jean Shepherd, Richard Shepherd)
12. "Make Somebody Happy" (Santana, Alex Ligertwood)
13. "Spiritual" (John Coltrane)
14. "(Da Le) Yaleo" (Santana, Shakara Mutela, Christian Polloni)
15. "Black Magic Woman" (Peter Green)
16. "Gypsy Queen" (Gábor Szabó)
17. "Oye Como Va" (Tito Puente)

Encore 1.
2. "Apache" (Jerry Lordan)
3. "Smooth" (Itaal Shur, Rob Thomas)
4. "Dame Tu Amor" (Abraham Quintanilla, Ricky Vela, Richard Brooks)
5. "Corazón Espinado" (Fher Olvera)
6. "Evil Ways" (Clarence "Sonny" Henry)
7. "A Love Supreme" (John Coltrane)

## Tour dates

List of tour dates with date, city, country, venue
| Date
(2005) | City | Country | Venue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| April 1 | San Juan | Puerto Rico | Coliseo de Puerto Rico José Miguel Agrelot |
| April 4 | Panama City | Panama | Figali Convention Center |
| April 6 | San José | Costa Rica | Estadio Ricardo Saprissa Aymá |
| April 8 | San Salvador | El Salvador | Estadio Jorge "Mágico" González |
| April 10 | Mexico City | Mexico | Palacio de los Deportes |
| April 12 | Guadalajara | | Plaza de Toros Nuevo Progreso |
| April 15 | Mexico City | | Plaza de la Constitución |

## Box office score data

List of box office score data with date, city, venue, attendance, gross, references
| Date
(2005) | City | Venue | Attendance | Gross | Ref(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| April 1 | San Juan, Puerto Rico | Coliseo de Puerto Rico José Miguel Agrelot | 10,677 / 13,215 | $696,718 |  |
| April 10 | Mexico City, Mexico | Palacio de los Deportes | 15,863 / 15,863 | $696,527 |  |
|
| **TOTAL** | | | **26,540 / 29,078 (91%)** | **$1,393,245** |  |

## InfoBox

Santana Latin American Tour 2005
| Tour by Santana | |
| --- | --- |
| Start date | April 1, 2005 (2005-04-01) |
| End date | April 15, 2005 (2005-04-15) |
| Legs | 1 |
| No. of shows | 7 |
| Santana concert chronology | |


title: CUB domain

abstract: CUB domain is an evolutionarily conserved protein domain. The CUB domain is a structural motif of approximately 110 residues found almost exclusively in extracellular and plasma membrane-associated proteins, many of which are developmentally regulated. These proteins are involved in a diverse range of functions, including complement activation, developmental patterning, tissue repair, axon guidance and angiogenesis, cell signalling, fertilisation, haemostasis, inflammation, neurotransmission, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and tumour suppression. Many CUB-containing proteins are peptidases belonging to MEROPS peptidase families M12A (astacin) and S1A (chymotrypsin).

text:
# CUB domain

**CUB domain**  is an evolutionarily conserved protein domain. The CUB domain (for complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, Bmp1) is a structural motif of approximately 110 residues found almost exclusively in extracellular and plasma membrane-associated proteins, many of which are developmentally regulated. These proteins are involved in a diverse range of functions, including complement activation, developmental patterning, tissue repair, axon guidance and angiogenesis, cell signalling, fertilisation, haemostasis, inflammation, neurotransmission, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and tumour suppression. Many CUB-containing proteins are peptidases belonging to MEROPS peptidase families M12A (astacin) and S1A (chymotrypsin).

## Examples

Proteins containing a CUB domain include:

* Mammalian complement subcomponents C1s/C1r, which form the calcium-dependent complex C1, the first component of the classical pathway of the complement system.
* *Cricetidae sp.* (Hamster) serine protease Casp, which degrades type I and IV collagen and fibronectin in the presence of calcium.
* Mammalian complement-activating component of Ra-reactive factor (RARF), a protease that cleaves the C4 component of complement.
* Vertebrate enteropeptidase (EC 3.4.21.9), a type II membrane protein of the intestinal brush border, which activates trypsinogen.
* Vertebrate bone morphogenic protein 1 (BMP-1), a protein which induces cartilage and bone formation and expresses metalloendopeptidase activity.
* Sea urchin blastula proteins BP10 and SpAN.
* *C. elegans* hypothetical proteins F42A10.8 and R151.5.
* Neuropilin (A5 antigen), a calcium-independent cell adhesion molecule that functions during the formation of certain neuronal circuits.
* Fibropellins I and III from *Strongylocentrotus purpuratus* (Purple sea urchin).
* Mammalian hyaluronate-binding protein TSG-6 (or PS4), a serum and growth factor induced protein.
* Mammalian spermadhesins.
* *Xenopus laevis* embryonic protein UVS.2, which is expressed during dorsoanterior development.

Several of the above proteins consist of a catalytic domain together with several CUB domains interspersed by calcium-binding EGF domains.

**Spermadhesin** is a subdivision of the CUB domain family and forms a major component of the mammalian seminal fluid. Spermadhesins are 110–133 amino acid polypeptides. The binding activity of spermadhesins, e.g. heparin and carbohydrate binding, enables their central role in promoting attachment of the spermatozoa to carbohydrate groups on the glycoproteins found on the surface of oocytes. The spermadhesins from pigs, bulls and stallions show 40–98% similarity in their amino acid sequences and all possess a disulphide bond between adjacent cysteine residues. The porcine spermadhesin polypeptides are coded by five closely linked genes. Bovine spermadhesin relies on a significantly lower number of genes with only two being associated with expression of this protein in bovine seminal fluid. Redundant genetic coding for spermadhesins have been observed in chimpanzees, dogs, and humans. The region correlating to spermadhesin genes in rat and mice DNA is void of any spermadhesin code. These variations in expression and genetic coding of spermadhesins are seen to result from evolutionary adjustments in genes as a consequence of mutations and deletions in genetic material.

Some CUB domains appear to be involved in oligomerisation and/or recognition of substrates and binding partners. For example, in the complement proteases, the CUB domains mediate dimerisation and binding to collagen-like regions of target proteins (e.g. C1q for C1r/C1s). The structure of CUB domains consists of a beta-sandwich with a jelly-roll fold. Almost all CUB domains contain four conserved cysteines that probably form two disulphide bridges (C1-C2, C3-C4). The CUB1 domains of C1s and Map19 have calcium-binding sites.

Human genes encoding proteins containing this domain include:

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR000858

## InfoBox

| CUB domain | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | CUB |
| Pfam | PF00431 |
| InterPro | IPR000859 |
| PROSITE | PDOC00758 |
| SCOP2 | 1sfp / SCOPe / SUPFAM |
| CDD | cd00041 |
| Available protein structures:  Pfam structures / ECOD  PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj  PDBsum structure summary  PDB 1nziA:18-127 1nt0A:28-134 1szbB:28-134 1sppB:30-128 1sfp :30-127 | |


title: Sarah Ashton-Cirillo

abstract: Sarah Ashton-Cirillo, formerly Sarah Cirillo and Sarah Ashton, is an American former journalist who has worked as a spokesperson for Ukraine's Territorial Defense Forces, in which she is a junior sergeant. A self-described "recovering political operative" from Las Vegas, Nevada, she was active in Nevada politics from 2020 to 2021, including an abortive run for Las Vegas City Council. She arrived in Ukraine in March 2022, shortly after the full-scale Russian invasion, and has variously served as a war correspondent, a representative in aid negotiations, a civilian analyst with the Ministry of Defense, and a combat medic. Ashton-Cirillo drew national media attention in 2021 when she released records of conversations from her time working with Republican candidates, documenting efforts to recruit members of the Proud Boys, a far-right group, for a planned "Brooks Brothers Riot" as part of efforts to overturn the outcome of the 2020 United States presidential election. In 2022, she leaked a text exchange with the Republican nominee for Nevada Attorney General, which became a key controversy in that election. Starting in March 2022, Ashton-Cirillo reported on the Russian invasion of Ukraine from Kharkiv, Ukraine, primarily for LGBTQ Nation, often writing about the war's effect on LGBTQ people. A trans woman, she is thought to have been the first openly transgender war correspondent and the only transgender journalist covering the invasion. In Kharkiv, she worked closely with the Ukrainian military and police, and was appointed by the mayor of Zolochiv, Kharkiv Oblast, as a representative to advocate with aid groups. After witnessing and reporting on the October 2022 Kyiv missile strikes—including posting a controversial widely shared video that showed a dead body—she resigned from LGBTQ Nation to become a combat medic in Ukraine's Noman Çelebicihan Battalion, a Crimean Tatar unit. In February 2023, she was wounded by Russian shelling while serving on the front lines in the Donbas with the 209th Battalion of the 113th Kharkiv Defense Brigade. She was subsequently assigned to the Territorial Defense Forces, and became one of its English-language spokespeople in early August 2023; she was suspended in late September pending investigation of unspecified unapproved statements.

text:
# Sarah Ashton-Cirillo

**Sarah Ashton-Cirillo** (born 9 July 1977), formerly **Sarah Cirillo** and **Sarah Ashton**, is an American former journalist who has worked as a spokesperson for Ukraine's Territorial Defense Forces, in which she is a junior sergeant. A self-described "recovering political operative" from Las Vegas, Nevada, she was active in Nevada politics from 2020 to 2021, including an abortive run for Las Vegas City Council. She arrived in Ukraine in March 2022, shortly after the full-scale Russian invasion, and has variously served as a war correspondent, a representative in aid negotiations, a civilian analyst with the Ministry of Defense, and a combat medic.

Ashton-Cirillo drew national media attention in 2021 when she released records of conversations from her time working with Republican candidates, documenting efforts to recruit members of the Proud Boys, a far-right group, for a planned "Brooks Brothers Riot" (alluding to the 2000 demonstration) as part of efforts to overturn the outcome of the 2020 United States presidential election. In 2022, she leaked a text exchange with the Republican nominee for Nevada Attorney General, which became a key controversy in that election.

Starting in March 2022, Ashton-Cirillo reported on the Russian invasion of Ukraine from Kharkiv, Ukraine, primarily for *LGBTQ Nation*, often writing about the war's effect on LGBTQ people. A trans woman, she is thought to have been the first openly transgender war correspondent and the only transgender journalist covering the invasion. In Kharkiv, she worked closely with the Ukrainian military and police, and was appointed by the mayor of Zolochiv, Kharkiv Oblast, as a representative to advocate with aid groups. After witnessing and reporting on the October 2022 Kyiv missile strikes—including posting a controversial widely shared video that showed a dead body—she resigned from *LGBTQ Nation* to become a combat medic in Ukraine's Noman Çelebicihan Battalion, a Crimean Tatar unit. In February 2023, she was wounded by Russian shelling while serving on the front lines in the Donbas with the 209th Battalion of the 113th Kharkiv Defense Brigade. She was subsequently assigned to the Territorial Defense Forces, and became one of its English-language spokespeople in early August 2023; she was suspended in late September pending investigation of unspecified unapproved statements.

## Early life, Syrian refugee crisis, and gender transition (1977–2019)

Ashton-Cirillo was born on 9 July 1977 in North Florida; she previously had the surname *Cirillo*. According to her byline with *The Nevada Independent*, she has lived in Las Vegas since 2004; according to the *Nevada Current* she "established residency \[there\] in 2016 to be closer to" her ex-wife and child. In this phase of her life, she worked as a real estate analyst, a poker player, and the communications director at a healthcare company.

In 2015, before her gender transition, Ashton-Cirillo went to Syrian refugee camps in Turkey to report on the refugee crisis, having been afraid to enter Syria itself. She wrote a book about the experience, *Along the Tracks of Tears*, but was unhappy with its quality, having been preoccupied with concerns about whether the people she traveled with would have accepted her if they knew she was a trans woman.

Ashton-Cirillo started taking feminizing hormones "on and off" in 2018, before deciding to transition in May 2019 after what she described as a "35-year wait to embrace myself". She later said that she would have died if she had not transitioned. Her transition has included gender-affirming surgery and hair regrowth. She was writing *Fair. Right. Just.* as she was coming to terms with her gender identity, and rushed to finish it for fear that she would kill herself. After beginning her transition, she removed both the novel and *Along the Tracks of Tears* from circulation, explaining:

> I realized in hindsight that I hated myself and wasn't true to myself as a writer. A lot of what was going through my mind, especially in the refugee book, was, "What would these people say if I was trans? What would they do?" I felt like a liar because I wasn't living authentically.

## Nevada politics

Ashton-Cirillo described herself as a progressive activist and leftist libertarian when she was active in Nevada politics, and has since referred to herself as a "recovering political operative"; she has been described in *The Washington Post* and *The Nevada Independent* as a liberal activist and in the *Las Vegas Review-Journal* as "unapologetically left-leaning". She was a registered member of the Democratic Party as of February 2022.

### Nevada Republican Party and Proud Boys (2020–2021)

In September 2020, Ashton-Cirillo began working as an opposition research operative with Republican candidates in Nevada under the name *Sarah Cirillo*. She later told the *Post* and *Nevada Current* that her initial purpose in switching parties was to conduct research for her book on extremism and help her friend, Nadia Krall, get elected to a local judgeship as a Republican. According to *The Daily Beast*, Ashton-Cirillo convinced Krall to change her party affiliation from Democratic to Republican in order to pick up endorsements from Ashton-Cirillo's high-profile Republican contacts. Taking on a hard-right, Trumpist persona, Ashton-Cirillo developed ties with Nevada Republicans by attending and hosting rallies organized by prominent party figures. She commented to the *Post* that her record as a liberal activist was available on the internet, and told the *Beast* that "these guys were too stupid to look into my progressive politics, because they were so eager to tokenize me". She was open about her transgender status. Some were indifferent to it, while Republican attorney Sigal Chattah saw it as a positive and referred to Ashton-Cirillo as a "unicorn".

Following the 2020 presidential election, Ashton-Cirillo became involved with efforts to bring members of the Proud Boys—a far-right, men-only group that would later play a role in the attack on the U.S. Capitol—to a rally in front of the Clark County election department, part of nationwide efforts to overturn Joe Biden's victory. The day after the election, Ashton-Cirillo received a message from the vice president of McShane LLC, a firm hired by the Republican Party to investigate electoral fraud. In the message, given to the *Post* in 2021, the McShane vice president said that Republican Congressman Paul Gosar was planning a "Brooks Brothers Riot" in Arizona—referencing the 2000 demonstration by Republican staffers that contributed to George W. Bush's victory—and that Ashton-Cirillo should start planning something similar in Nevada; the McShane vice president said that they should "get the Proud Boys out". This led Ashton-Cirillo to contact a group of far-right activists, at least one of whom was a member of the Proud Boys. The proportion of those wearing Proud Boy colors in the crowd was relatively small, and the protest remained peaceful. Gosar denies having discussed any protests with the McShane vice president.

The Clark County Republican Party subsequently banned seven people from participating in Republican county affairs, citing racist and anti-Semitic texts disclosed to them by Ashton-Cirillo. One of those banned was a Proud Boy who Ashton-Cirillo had contacted when recruiting for the Clark County rally.

### Blundo defense and Las Vegas City Council run (2021)

In early 2021, Ashton-Cirillo worked to coordinate the defense of Leo Blundo, a Republican Nye County official accused of unlawfully voting to give his own business CARES Act funds. Blundo denounced the accusations as "deep state, swamp behavior" and Ashton-Cirillo hailed him at a press conference as "an innocent man", to applause from the crowd. The Nevada attorney general's office declined to bring charges against Blundo.

By the spring of 2021, Ashton-Cirillo decided to run for Las Vegas City Council as a Democrat under the name *Sarah Ashton* (having changed her name to *Sarah Ashton-Cirillo* that March). She initially intended to run in the second ward against the Republican incumbent, Victoria Seaman. In June, she switched her candidacy to the sixth ward, challenging Michele Fiore, also a Republican. Ashton-Cirillo told the *Current* that she had provided the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) with "copious amounts" of correspondence between her and Fiore, as part of an ongoing FBI probe into Fiore's campaign finance spending.

Ashton-Cirillo withdrew from the race in October, saying she wished to focus on a political news portal she had created, *Political.tips*.

### *Political.tips* and Chattah texts controversy (2022)

> **Chattah**: Do you know that Aaron ford opposed ESA and converting schools in low income areas to charter schools
> **Ashton-Cirillo**: Yes imaginary issues for an imaginary administration
> **Chattah**: This guy should be hanging from a fucking crane
> **Ashton-Cirillo**: And fictional media
> **Chattah**:
>
> He doesn't give a fuck about advancing opportunities in underserved communities.He's a bigger piece of shit than I imaginedIt's so shamefulHe's like the leader of Hamas—making tons of money while the People in Gaza are starving
>
> ---

Ashton-Cirillo, "As Nevada LEO Hack Exposes 'Pretty' Eric Garner Killing; Chattah Text Calls for Ford Hanging. More"

Through *Political.tips*, Ashton-Cirillo reported on Nevada-related aspects of BlueLeaks, a set of law enforcement data released by Distributed Denial of Secrets in June 2020. In an article related to BlueLeaks, Ashton-Cirillo leaked texts with her former friend, Sigal Chattah, then a Republican candidate for Nevada Attorney General. In the leaked exchange, Chattah compared incumbent Aaron D. Ford to the leader of Hamas and said he "should be hanging from a fucking crane". Ford is Black, and some saw the remark as racist; Ford refused to debate Chattah, saying "she doesn't respect my dignity as a human". Ashton-Cirillo said that she does not think Chattah is racist nor intended to allude to Ford's race, and that her goal in releasing the texts had been to criticize Chattah's temperament. Ford ultimately won re-election; *HuffPost* highlighted the leaked texts as a major controversy in the race.

## Invasion of Ukraine

Ashton-Cirillo said that she began to "hate Russia" after visiting museums in the Baltic States while she was writing a novel, *Fair. Right. Just.*, which she self-published in 2017. When Russia invaded Ukraine in full in February 2022, she traveled to Ukraine with plans to write a book on both the resulting refugee crisis and her previous experience with the Syrian refugee crisis.

### Journalism and activism (March–August 2022)

Ashton-Cirillo arrived in Ukraine through Poland on 4 March 2022. Having transitioned since her time in Syria, she was initially hesitant to enter the country based on things she had heard about LGBT rights in Ukraine. Ukrainian border authorities made her remove her wig when they reviewed her travel documents. While her Nevada driver's license reflects her changed name and gender identity as a woman, her U.S. passport does not, and as a result, she was issued a press credential that refers to her primarily by her current name but notes her former name as well. Ashton-Cirillo said she understood both decisions; regarding the latter, she told the *Washington Blade*, "I was okay with it because I couldn't believe they credentialed me anyway with the situation being the way it was." After entering the country she went to Lviv, and from there, wanting to be closer to the front lines, to Ivano-Frankivsk. There, two men invited her to come to Kharkiv, saying other journalists were fleeing the city because it was too dangerous. At the time she did not have a combat helmet, chest protector, or plates to indicate herself as a member of the press.

Ashton-Cirillo settled in Kharkiv, renting an apartment in North Saltivka—one of the more heavily bombed parts of the city. This differed from the practice of most foreign journalists, who made trips in and out of the region, some staying at Ashton-Cirillo's apartment. Starting shortly after she arrived in Kharkiv, Ashton-Cirillo reported for *LGBTQ Nation* on the impact of the war on LGBTQ people, initially as a freelancer. Her work included interviews with gay men fighting in Ukraine, reporting on the challenges faced by LGBTQ Ukrainians trying to leave the country after men of fighting age were prohibited from leaving, and documentation of Russian war crimes against LGBTQ people. She also reported on the war on Twitter and in a serialized book titled *Trans at the Front*, published over Substack. She appeared on the BBC's *Ukrainecast* in June to discuss the Russian army's use of castration to terrorize Ukraine's population.

> | Sarah Ashton-Cirillo |  |
> | --- | --- |
> | | @SarahAshtonLV |
>
> Incredible news from Kharkiv!
>
> Reports are that Chilean Russian spy @realGonzaloLira has been captured in #Kharkiv (Kharkov).
>
> He is (allegedly) a Russian saboteur posing as a "journalist", to destroy #Ukraine.
>
> Congrats to Ukrainian security services.
>
> #StandWithUkraine
>
> April 18, 2022

In this same time period, Ashton-Cirillo developed close ties with the Ukrainian army and police, sometimes bringing them food and delivering weapons to checkpoints. After she reported the detention of pro-Russian commentator Gonzalo Lira by Ukrainian security forces, the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) falsely accused her of being allied with Nazis and celebrating Lira's supposed murder; Lira was released unharmed the next day. MFA spokeswoman Maria Zakharova highlighted that Ashton-Cirillo is transgender and referenced "liberal queers and 'honest' Western journalists". In the aftermath of this, Ashton-Cirillo began working at Kharkiv Media Hub, part of Media Center Ukraine, and helped José Andrés's World Central Kitchen operate in areas retaken from Russia. After she visited the Russian-speaking Ukrainian settlement of Zolochiv, Kharkiv Oblast (15 miles (24 km) from the Russian border), to report on relief efforts, the settlement's mayor made her its official representative so that she could advocate on its behalf with aid groups.

Ashton-Cirillo experienced significant harassment on Twitter from supporters of Russia as a result of Zakharova's post, including threats of kidnapping, torture, and death. She sued an American conservative commentator for defamation after he repeated conspiracy theories that she had had Lira murdered; her lawyer was later ordered to rewrite the suit because it contained "politically-charged declarations and personal attacks". *InfoWars*, misgendering Ashton-Cirillo, accused her of "palling around with the neo-Nazi Azov battalion members", in what Adam Zivo—who had previously profiled Ashton-Cirillo for *Xtra Magazine*—described in an opinion piece in the *Washington Examiner* as "a hit piece ... that parroted Russia's discredited claims".

### Transition toward military role (August–October 2022)

Ashton-Cirillo began to reassess her place in the conflict during the summer of 2022 after witnessing a Russian artillery strike on a building across the street from her in Zolochiv. In his *Examiner* opinion piece, Zivo said that Ashton-Cirillo had first sought to enlist in the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU or UAF) in July, but had delayed her plans in order to support other foreign journalists during the September Ukrainian counteroffensive. She became a civilian employee of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine in August, in addition to her role representing Zolochiv. That same month, she stopped reporting for *LGBTQ Nation* due to her conflict of interest with the AFU. Her work for the Ukrainian government included writing policy papers and analyses.

Ashton-Cirillo was the first journalist on the scene of the Russian strike on Kyiv on 10 October 2022, which occurred 700 feet (210 m) from where she was staying. Her footage of the aftermath, which showed a dead body in the street, was widely shared on social media subsequently, stoking controversy. She later told Tatiana Vorozhko of *Voice of America* that she did not expect the controversy, as dead bodies had become routine in East Ukraine.

### Front-line soldier and emissary to D.C. (October 2022 – May 2023)

Ashton-Cirillo was already prepared to enlist in the AFU by the time of the missile strike on Kyiv, and sought enlistment at a recruitment station shortly thereafter; on 12 October 2022 she announced by tweet that she had entered the AFU as a senior combat medic. She then resigned as a correspondent at *LGBTQ Nation*. She said that, "as a country girl from the \[American\] South" she "know\[s\] how to shoot", and that she had previous training in medicine. Her colonel determined that her transgender status was not an issue, and she passed the standard physical exam. She completed her combat medic training on 27 October. She was initially assigned to the Noman Çelebicihan Battalion, where she was given the call sign *Blonde*. According to Ashton-Cirillo and journalist Ayder Muzhdabaev (the latter writing in a blog post with *Ukrainska Pravda*), the Crimean Tatar unit is led by Lenur Islyamov.

Ashton-Cirillo does not speak Ukrainian, but communicates with fellow soldiers in English, Spanish, or German, or through Google Translate. In an interview with Croatian TV channel N1 two and a half weeks into her enlistment, she proclaimed, as she had before, that "Ukraine has already won" and called for a return to the 1991 borders. She said that she had been issued an AK-74 in addition to her equipment as a medic and that she would use it to suppress enemy fire. She told the *Blade* that she had won praise in her unit after Russian state media featured footage of her firing a machine gun and vowing to retake Crimea.

In mid–December 2022 Ashton-Cirillo met with members of the United States Congress, including Senator Roger Wicker (R-Miss.), as well as lawmakers' aides, activists, non-governmental organization employees, and members of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. Invoking her background as an analyst, she argued on behalf of Ukraine that continued military aid to the country would have a high return on investment. She further invited members of the government to come to Ukraine and see the weapons in action.

In February 2023, Ashton-Cirillo, then with the 209th Battalion of the 113th Kharkiv Defense Brigade, advanced toward the front in the Donbas. On 22 February, she was wounded in action by Russian shelling and could not be evacuated for seven hours. She lost some mobility in her right hand and was left with two small scars on her face. According to Ashton-Cirillo, her unit inflicted "tremendous casualties" in the battle in which she was wounded. In a video taken while another soldier bandaged her hand, she said, "They can't kill us. They can't hurt us. Victory is ours. It doesn't fucking matter. Why? Because we're Ukraine". In a subsequent tweet, she said she had been hospitalized. After Ashton-Cirillo was wounded, Russian forces placed a bounty on her, as they have with other high-profile soldiers, causing the Ukrainian Army to cease using her recognizable nickname *Blonde* over the radio.

A recovered Ashton-Cirillo returned to Washington, D.C., in May, having been promoted to junior sergeant in early April. She met with three members of the House of Representatives and aides for several others, as well as José Andrés, whose World Central Kitchen she worked with in Kharkiv.

### TDF spokesperson and suspension (June 2023 – present)

In June, Ashton-Cirillo was assigned to work on English-language media for the Army's Territorial Defense Forces (TDF), and in August she was appointed as one of the TDF's English-language spokespeople. Ukraine's Deputy Defense Minister, Hanna Maliar, cited Ashton-Cirillo's reach on Twitter of 28.3 million users over a one-month span and praised her work "debunk\[ing\] Russian fakes and propaganda".

Ashton-Cirillo's YouTube shows "Ukraine in the Know" and "Russia Hates the Truth", produced from a studio in Kyiv, led to an hour-long special on Russian television calling her a "terrible disgrace to the Ukrainian people". She subsequently said she "embrace\[s\] the hate of the Russians". In August she called for a boycott of CNN for a story that called foreign fighters for Ukraine "mercenaries"; CNN corrected the term.

In September 2023, Ashton-Cirillo posted a video in which she said that "Russia's war criminal propagandists will all be hunted down, and justice will be served". The statement sparked criticism by supporters of Russia. On 18 September, U.S. Senator J. D. Vance, who has opposed U.S. support of Ukraine, wrote a letter to several Biden administration officials accusing Ashton-Cirillo of threatening violence against "anyone who circulates 'Russian propaganda'" and querying her background and connections to the United States. Ashton-Cirillo characterized the letter as "disappointing" and the result of "Russian lies", and told *Newsweek* that there would be due process for alleged Russian propagandists and war criminals.

The TDF suspended Ashton-Cirillo on 20 September pending investigation of unapproved statements. They did not specify the statements in question, but *The Daily Beast* and *Kyiv Post* speculated that the Vance controversy was the cause, while *The Advocate* asserted this conclusively.

## Impact

During her time as a war correspondent, Ashton-Cirillo was thought to have been the only transgender journalist covering the Russian invasion of Ukraine; a 2023 profile by Cady Stanton in *USA Today* described her as "the world's first openly transgender war correspondent". According to Ashton-Cirillo, many local Ukrainians do not realize that she is transgender. She said that the other soldiers in her unit did know, and that "some people are completely great with it"; some have asked questions that she says come from places of "genuine curiosity". She favorably contrasted her experience as a trans person in Ukraine to her experience in the United States:

> In the United States, people want to objectify trans folks, and the entire LGBTQ+ community, as a wedge issue. And in Ukraine? If Sarah is willing to fucking go to Russia, we don't care that she's trans because there's nobody else here. She's come on missions with us where we've been shelled. Or she kept on filming as a rocket hit behind her. That's what matters to them.

She has likewise favorably contrasted her experience as a journalist in both countries, telling Vorozhko, "I had more freedom as a reporter in Ukraine, under martial law, than I would trying to even film the police in the United States".

Ashton-Cirillo's mixture of journalism and activism, a controversial practice among journalists, have made her popular among Ukrainians. *El País* described her as "one of the most significant voices for Ukrainian propaganda" and "the most famous soldier in the Ukrainian military". Malcolm Nance, an American media pundit who joined the International Legion of Territorial Defence of Ukraine, praised Ashton-Cirillo's commitment and said, "Artillery shells don't give two fucks about your gender identity. A bullet does not care what pronouns you use. Cold starving people don't care. They just know good humanity when they see it, and that's what I feel she embodies." According to Nance, villagers call Ashton-Cirillo *Saravchka*, 'our little Sarah'. Zivo characterized Ashton-Cirillo's popularity among Ukrainians and "the near-total absence of transphobia she has experienced" as emblematic of a larger shift in Ukrainian attitudes toward LGBT people. Ashton-Cirillo said that the media is "sensationalizing the fact that there is a trans soldier here". According to her, there is at least one other trans woman—a Ukrainian—fighting for Ukraine.

Zivo's piece about Ashton-Cirillo in the *Examiner*, which is often perceived as hostile to trans people, led Evan Urquhart in *Slate* to remark on the piece's uncharacteristically positive tone. Zivo countered in the *National Post* that Ashton-Cirillo, as a "conservative-friendly ... patriotic, brave and non-identitarian" trans person, presented an opportunity "to show that human decency can transcend the culture wars", even if "she considers some of \[the *Examiner*'s\] content to be hateful". Ashton-Cirillo said that her transition does not define her, and "is just an added aspect of who I happen to be". J. K. Rowling, an author known for her controversial views on transgender rights, retweeted Ashton-Cirillo's post about being wounded, which drew the attention of Times Radio and *El País*. Ashton-Cirillo told the former that she thanked Rowling for her support of Ukraine and deferred commentary on identity politics. She stressed the importance of freedom of speech, telling *El País* "We're willing to die so that people like Rowling have the right to express themselves freely."

### Citations

1. Lavers 2022, referencing Zakharova 2022.
2. Smart 2022.
3. Ashton-Cirillo 2022k.
4. Lavers 2022.
5. Lavers 2022; Stanton 2023.
6. Passoth 2022.
7. Vorozhko 2022a; Ukrinform 2023.
8. Owen 2022.
9. *LGBTQ Nation*.
10. Scherer 2021.
11. Stanton 2023.
12. Zivo 2022a; O'Brien 2022, 7:18.
13. AFP 2023b, citing TDF 2023.
14. Ashton-Cirillo 2022h; Ashton-Cirillo 2022j.
15. Ashton-Cirillo 2022c; Ashton-Cirillo 2022h.
16. Ashton-Cirillo 2021.
17. Gentry 2021b.
18. Dentzer 2022.
19. Sollenberger 2021.
20. Zivo 2022a.
21. Lavers 2022. "'Some of it had to do with being trans,' she said. 'I had been traveling with Muslims, with different groups, and they were accepting me, but I would always have in the back of my mind, would they have talked to me if they knew I was trans or a female.'"
22. Ashton-Cirillo 2022g.
23. Zivo 2022d. "\[Ashton-Cirillo\] revealed that she had struggled with suicidal thoughts prior to her transition and said that, had she not transitioned, she would not be alive right now."
24. Ashton-Cirillo 2022c. "Oh, and after significant surgery and almost three years of hormones and hair regrowth, the photos don't match up either."
25. Zivo 2022a. Lavers 2022, referencing Ashton-Cirillo 2017.
26. Scherer 2021; Smith 2021.
27. Scherer 2021; Dentzer 2022.
28. Scherer 2021; Gentry 2021a.
29. Appleton 2019.
30. Hebrock 2020.
31. Appleton 2021.
32. Ashton-Cirillo 2022c.
33. Dentzer 2022; Gentry 2021b.
34. Gentry 2021c.
35. Dentzer 2022; *Political.tips* 2021.
36. Ashton-Cirillo 2022a.
37. Smith 2022.
38. Golonka 2022, citing Ashton-Cirillo 2022a
39. Dentzer 2022. See Lynching in the United States.
40. Golonka 2022.
41. Shuham 2022.
42. Lavers 2022. "Ashton-Cirillo told the *Blade* that she learned about what Russia had done to them through mid-winter visits to museums. 'That led me to hate Russia, because I'm reading about things that ended up being pertinent today: Filtration camps, the language issues, they were trying to erase culture, the genocide, the torture of political prisoners, everything that we're living now, the folks in the Baltics lived 80 or 90 years ago, as do the Ukrainians, but I hadn't been to Ukraine yet.'"
43. Lavers 2022, referencing Ashton-Cirillo 2017.
44. Zivo 2022a; Lavers 2022.
45. Zivo 2022a; Beecher 2022.
46. Owen 2022, citing Ashton-Cirillo 2022b.
47. Zivo 2022a; Stanton 2023.
48. Passoth 2022, citing Ashton-Cirillo 2022d.
49. Lavers 2022, citing Ashton-Cirillo 2022f.
50. Owen 2022, citing Ashton-Cirillo 2022i.
51. Zivo 2022a, citing @SarahAshtonLV and *Trans at the Front*.
52. Derbyshire & Shevchenko 2022.
53. Ashton-Cirillo 2022e.
54. Young 2022, citing Ashton-Cirillo 2022e and Zakharova 2022.
55. Media Center Ukraine 2022.
56. Beedle 2022; Bradbury 2022.
57. Wingerter 2023.
58. Zivo 2022b.
59. Vorozhko 2022a. O'Brien 2022, 0:46, excerpting audio from Ashton-Cirillo 2022l.
60. Vorozhko 2022a.
61. Owen 2022, quoting Ashton-Cirillo 2022m.
62. Raczkiewycz 2022, p. 3.
63. AFP 2023a.
64. Ladisic 2022, 3:01; Muzhdabaev 2022.
65. Ladisic 2022, 2:38.
66. Ladisic 2022, 6:13.
67. CBS 2023, Lavers 2023a, and Lavers 2023b do not say precisely where Ashton-Cirillo was fighting at the time. Segura 2023 says she was near the Battle of Bakhmut.
68. CBS 2023, 0:51; Lavers 2023a; Lavers 2023b.
69. CBS 2023, 1:08.
70. Lavers 2023a, quoting Ashton-Cirillo 2023a.
71. Ukrinform 2023; Ashton-Cirillo 2023b.
72. Segura 2023.
73. Lavers 2023b.
74. Ashton-Cirillo 2023c.
75. Lavers 2023c; *Kyiv Post* 2023a; *Kyiv Post* 2023b.
76. Ring 2023.
77. Quinn 2023.
78. Ring 2023; *Kyiv Post* 2023c.
79. Jackson 2023.
80. Maskell 2023, citing Ashton-Cirillo 2023d.
81. AFP 2023b; Quinn 2023.
82. *Kyiv Post* 2023c.
83. Vorozhko 2022b, 2:16.
84. Zivo 2022d.
85. Zivo 2022d: "\[Ashton-Cirillo's\] work in Ukraine has been groundbreaking and is demolishing not only stereotypes about trans people, but about Ukrainians, too. Over the past decade, Ukraine has radically transformed itself in pursuit of European integration. While prejudice still exists, it's a shadow of what it once was. LGBTQ people and racial minorities I've interviewed have consistently noted that today's Ukraine is nothing like the Ukraine of the early 2010s. Most foreigners are unaware of this cultural transformation, but Ashton-Cirillo is fixing that" \[link in original\]. Zivo 2022e
86. Urquhart 2022.
87. Zivo 2022c.
88. Crawford 2023, 23:51.

### Sources

#### By Ashton-Cirillo

## InfoBox

| Sarah Ashton-Cirillo | |
| --- | --- |
| Сара Ештон-Сірілло | |
| Ashton-Cirillo in August 2023 | |
| Born | (1977-07-09) 9 July 1977<br>North Florida, United States |
| Nationality | American |
| Other names | Sarah Ashton, Sarah Cirillo, Blonde |
| Occupation(s) | Journalist, activist, spokesperson, political operative and candidate, combat medic |
| Years active | 2020–present |
| Employers |  |
| Political party | Democratic (U.S.) |
| Children | 1 |
|  | |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance | Ukraine |
| Service/branch | Armed Forces of Ukraine |
| Years of service | October 2022–present |
| Rank | Junior sergeant |
| Unit | Ukrainian Territorial Defense Forces (headquarters)<br>Noman Çelebicihan Battalion<br>209th Battalion (113th Kharkiv Defense Brigade) |
|  | |


title: Cadburys Tempo

abstract: Tempo was a chocolate bar produced by Cadbury South Africa, described as a "Shortcake biscuit and caramel covered in Cadbury's dairy milk chocolate".

text:
# Cadburys Tempo

**Tempo** was a chocolate bar produced by Cadbury South Africa, described as a "Shortcake biscuit and caramel covered in Cadbury's dairy milk chocolate".

## About

The chocolate bar was unique to South Africa. Cadbury's South Africa also produces other bars only available in South Africa, such as "P.S", "Astro's", and "Question". The shortcake biscuit is surrounded by smooth, creamy caramel then smothered in Cadbury milk chocolate. Tempo was developed by Barry Fern and marketed by Lois Wagner in 1986 and was the most successful new product introduction into the snack market that decade. The Tempo was superseded by a bar called 5 Star in 2017.


title: Cadusafos

abstract:
Cadusafos (2-[butan-2-ylsulfanylphosphoryl]sulfanylbutane) is a chemical insecticide and nematicide often used against parasitic nematode populations. The compound acts as a acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. It belongs the chemical class of synthetic organic thiophosphates and it is a volatile and persistent clear liquid. It is used on food crops such as tomatoes, bananas and chickpeas. It is currently not approved by the European Commission
for use in the EU. Exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion or contact with the skin. The compound is highly toxic to nematodes,
earthworms and birds but poses no carcinogenic risk to humans.

text:
# Cadusafos

**Cadusafos** (**2-\[butan-2-ylsulfanyl(ethoxy)phosphoryl\]sulfanylbutane**) is a chemical insecticide and nematicide often used against parasitic nematode populations. The compound acts as a acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. It belongs the chemical class of synthetic organic thiophosphates and it is a volatile and persistent clear liquid. It is used on food crops such as tomatoes, bananas and chickpeas. It is currently not approved by the European Commission for use in the EU. Exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion or contact with the skin. The compound is highly toxic to nematodes, earthworms and birds but poses no carcinogenic risk to humans.

## History

A patent application for Cadusafos was first filed in Europe on August 13, 1982 by FMC Corporation, an American chemical company which originated as an insecticide producer. In their patent application, they claimed that the compound should preferably be used to “control nematodes and soil insects, but may also control some insects which feed on the above ground portions of the plant.” The patent is expired, meaning that the compound is commercially available from chemical vendors such as Sigma Aldrich. However, the pesticide is not approved for use in Europe due to the lack of information on consumer exposure and the risk to groundwater.

## Structure and reactivity

Cadusafos is a synthetic organic thiophosphate compound which is observed as a volatile and persistent clear liquid. The toxin is an organothiophosphate insecticide. Organothiophosphorus compounds are identified as compounds which contain carbonphosphorus bonds where the phosphorus atom is also bound to sulphur. Many of these compounds serve as insecticides and cholinergic agents. Cadusafos contains the phosphorus atom bound to two sulphurs which are attached to iso-butyl substituents. The phosphorus is also connected to oxygen by a double bond and is bound to an ethyl ether group. The exact reactivity of Cadusafos as well as that of organothiophosphate compounds in general is, as of yet, unknown. However, the cholinesterase enzyme inhibition mechanism of action of these compounds works similarly to other organophosphates. Examples of organophosphates include nerve gasses such as sarin and VX as well as pesticides like malathion.

## Synthesis

The synthesis of Cadusafos can be performed via the substitution reaction of *O*-ethyl phosphoric dichloride and two equivalents of 2-butanethiol.

## Mechanism of action

Cadusafos is an inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. This enzyme binds to acetylcholine and cleaves it into choline and acetate. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter which is used in neurons to pass on a neural stimulus. Cadusafos inhibits the function of acetylcholinesterase by occupying the active site of the enzyme which will no longer be able to function properly, resulting in the accumulation of acetylcholine. This might result in excessive nervous stimulation, respiratory failure and death. Cadusafos is an organothiophosphate, which is a subclass of organophosphates. Organophosphates can act as an inhibitor for acetylcholinesterase in a way for which the mechanism is known. The active site of acetylcholinesterase contains an anionic site and an esteratic site. This esteratic side contains a serine at the 200th position, which usually binds acetylcholine. Organophosphate inhibitors can phosphorylate this serine and with that inhibit the enzyme.

## Metabolism and biotransformation

In a study, 14C radiolabeled Cadusafos was administered orally to rats. The excretion of feces, urine and CO2 was monitored for seven days. This showed that cadusafos is readily absorbed (90-100%) and mainly eliminated via urine (around 75%), followed by elimination via expired air (10-15%) and via feces (5-15%). Over 90% of the administered dose was eliminated within 48 hours after administration. Analysis of tissue and blood samples collected after seven days showed a remaining radioactivity between 1-3%. The majority of this radioactivity was found in fat, liver, kidney and lung tissue and no evidence of accumulation was found. A different study was performed in order to identify the metabolites formed in rats after receiving either an oral or intravenous dose of Cadusafos. The metabolic products were analyzed using several analysis methods (HPLC, TLC, GC-MS, 1H-NMR and liquid scintillation). This indicated the presence of the parent compound, Cadusafos, as well as 10 other metabolites. The main pathway of metabolism involves the cleavage of the thio-(sec-butyl) group, forming two primary products: Sec-butyl mercaptan and Oethyl-S-(2-butyl) phosphorothioic acid (OSPA). These intermediate compounds are then degraded further into several metabolites. The major metabolites were hydroxysulfones, followed by phosphorothionic acids and sulfonic acids, which then form conjugates.

## Toxicity

A study has been conducted by the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR), on rats in which the lethal dose of Cadusafos was investigated. The researchers found a median lethal dose via the oral pathway of 68.4 mg/kg bodyweight (bw) in male rats and 82.1 mg/kg bw in female rats. The rats died of typical symptoms of acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Via the dermal pathway, lower median lethal doses were found; mg/kg bw in males and 41.8 mg/kg bw in females. Considering the toxicity in humans, there is no data available yet regarding the median lethal dose for a human. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), did publish a report on the safety concerns of Cadusafos used as a pesticide on bananas and concluded that “Potential acute and chronic dietary exposures from eating bananas treated with Cadusafos are below the level of concern for the entire U.S. population, including infants and children.”

## Effects on animals

Cadusafos has been proved to be toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, bees, earthworms and other arthropods. Further research was conducted on terrestrial vertebrates, and it is expected to have toxic effects on mammals. Besides its direct toxicity to multiple species, Cadusafos also has a potential to bioaccumulate so secondary poisoning for earthworm eating mammals and birds should also be taken into consideration. The estimated risk to bees and aquatic organisms is low due to the application of Cadusafos, even though the toxicity to bees is high. The compound is also estimated to be highly toxic to earthworms and birds. A multigeneration study in rats has established a No Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 0.03 mg/kg bw per day for the inhibition of cholinesterase activity in plasma and erythrocytes. There has been no adequate evidence that Cadusafos could prove a genotoxic compound. Due to this and additional research on mice and rats which proved Cadusafos as non-carcinogenic, it can be concluded that Cadusafos is non-carcinogenic for humans.

## Efficacy

Cadusafos proved to be very effective against parasitic nematode populations such as *Rotylenchulus reniformis* and *Meloidogyne incognita*. It showed to be more effective against endoparasitic nematodes than ectoparasitic nematodes and when compared to other nematicides like triazophos, methyl bromide, aldicarb, carbofuran and phorate, Cadusafos proved to be the most efficient. The effectiveness of Cadusafos improves when increasing the dosage or the exposure time. Efficacy after application for several successive cropping seasons seemed to remain the same for up to four seasons. However, when it is used for more than 4 consecutive seasons, this can cause a linear decrease in the efficacy.

## InfoBox

Cadusafos
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Cadusafos |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | * US: eligible for reregistration * EU: not approved |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 90-100% |
| Metabolism | \>90% |
| Metabolites | hydroxy sulfones, phosphorothioic and sulfonic acids |
| Elimination half-life | not available |
| Excretion | kidney, renal |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * *S*,*S*-di-*sec*-butyl *O*-ethyl phosphorodithioate | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| KEGG |  |
| ChEBI |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.108.705 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C10H23O2PS2 |
| Molar mass | 270.39 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| Density | 1.054 g/cm3 |
| Boiling point | 112–114 °C (234–237 °F) |
| Solubility in water | 0.248 g/L |
| SMILES * CCC(C)SP(=O)(OCC)SC(C)CC | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C10H23O2PS2/c1-6-9(4)14-13(11,12-8-3)15-10(5)7-2/h9-10H,6-8H2,1-5H3 * Key:KXRPCFINVWWFHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |


title: Caboolture South, Queensland

abstract: Caboolture South is a suburb in the City of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Caboolture South had a population of 7,539 people.

text:
# Caboolture South, Queensland

**Caboolture South** is a suburb in the City of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Caboolture South had a population of 7,539 people.

## Geography

The suburb is bounded to the north and west by the Caboolture River and to the east by Cundoor Creek, its tributary.

The North Coast railway line enters the suburb from the south-east (Morayfield) and exists to the north-east (Caboolture). The line splits the suburb with the areas west of the line being residential areas with associated services, while the areas east of the line are used for industry and agriculture.

The Burpengary–Caboolture Road (Morayfield Road) runs through from south to north.

## History

The name *Caboolture* is from the Yugarabul Aboriginal language meaning *place of carpet snake* which is located south of the original Caboolture township.

Caboolture State School opened on 4 August 1873. In 1890 it became Caboolture South State School. In 1908 it was renamed Morayfield State School.

Caboolture Special School opened in January 1980.

## Demographics

In the 2011 census, Caboolture South recorded a population of 4,857 people, 51% female and 49% male. The median age of the Caboolture South population was 31 years, 6 years below the national median of 37. People identifying as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people make up 5.6% of the population. 77.7% of people living in Caboolture South were born in Australia. The other top responses for country of birth were New Zealand 4.9%, England 3.6%, Philippines 0.8%, Scotland 0.7%, Samoa 0.6%. 89.1% of people spoke only English at home; the next most common languages were 1.1% Samoan, 0.3% German, 0.3% Cantonese, 0.3% Arabic, 0.3% Italian.

In the 2016 census, Caboolture South had a population of 5,300 people.

In the 2021 census, Caboolture South had a population of 7,539 people.

## Education

Caboolture Special School is a special primary and secondary (Prep-12) school for boys and girls at Torrens Road (27°05′48″S 152°56′38″E / 27.0967°S 152.9438°E / -27.0967; 152.9438 (Caboolture Special School)). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 250 students with 70 teachers (63 full-time equivalent) and 87 non-teaching staff (54 full-time equivalent).

There are no mainstream schools in Caboolture. The nearest government primary schools are Caboolture State School in neighbouring Caboolture to the north and Morayfield State School in neighbouring Morayfield to the south and Minimbah State School in neighbouring Morayfield to the south-west. The nearest government secondary schools are Caboolture State High School in neighbouring Caboolture to the north-east and Morayfield State High School in neighbouring Morayfield to the south-east.

## Amenities

Market Plaza shopping centre with Woolworths and specialty shops is at 49-55 Morayfield Road (on the corner with Market Drive, 27°05′39″S 152°57′06″E / 27.0941°S 152.9518°E / -27.0941; 152.9518 (Market Plaza shopping centre)).

Caboolture Baptist Church is at 74-92 Grant Road (27°05′47″S 152°56′18″E / 27.0964°S 152.9382°E / -27.0964; 152.9382 (Caboolture Baptist Church)).

Caboolture Arboretum is at 3 Mainsail Drive in the north-west of the suburb beside the Caboolture River (27°05′16″S 152°56′10″E / 27.0877°S 152.9361°E / -27.0877; 152.9361 (Caboolture Arboretum)). It provides green space for recreation with walking paths and duck ponds.

Leemon Park is at 14-24 Penhurst Street, extending to other nearby streets (27°05′37″S 152°56′17″E / 27.0935°S 152.9380°E / -27.0935; 152.9380 (Leemon Park)).

## InfoBox

| Caboolture South
Moreton Bay, Queensland | |
| --- | --- |
| Caboolture Baptist Church, 2007 | |
| Caboolture South | |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 27°05′46″S 152°56′57″E / 27.0961°S 152.9491°E / -27.0961; 152.9491 (Caboolture South (centre of suburb)) |
| Population | 7,539 (2021 census) |
| • Density | 1,713/km2 (4,440/sq mi) |
| Postcode(s) | 4510 |
| Area | 4.4 km2 (1.7 sq mi) |
| Time zone | AEST (UTC+10:00) |
| Location |  |
| LGA(s) | City of Moreton Bay |
| State electorate(s) | Morayfield |
| Federal division(s) | Longman |
| **Suburbs around Caboolture South:**  Bellmere Caboolture Caboolture  Bellmere Caboolture South Morayfield  Morayfield Morayfield Morayfield | |


title: Caboonbah, Queensland

abstract: Caboonbah is a rural locality in the Somerset Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Caboonbah had a population of 13 people.

text:
# Caboonbah, Queensland

**Caboonbah** is a rural locality in the Somerset Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Caboonbah had a population of 13 people.

## Geography

The locality is bounded to the south by Lake Wivenhoe and to the east and north by the Brisbane River.

The Esk Kilcoy Road passes through the locality, entering from the south-west (Coal Creek) and exiting to the north-east (the locality of Lake Wivenhoe).

## History

The locality name derives from the Caboonbah Homestead built by Henry Plantagenet Somerset. The name derives from the Kabi language "cabon gibbah" meaning *big rock*.

Caboonbah Homestead was built in 1889-90 for grazier Henry Plantagenet Somerset and his wife Katherine Rose (née McConnel) and their family. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 12 December 1996. It was destroyed by fire in 2009 and removed from the Queensland Heritage Register in 2014. Caboonbah Homestead was on Esk-Kilcoy Road, now with the neighbouring locality of Lake Wivenhoe.

Caboonbah Undenominational Church is a union church. It was established by Henry Plantagenet Somerset and takes its name, "Caboonbah", from the Somerset family homestead, Caboonbah Homestead, nearby. The wooden structure was designed by Somerset's wife Katherine Rose Somerset, the daughter of David Cannon McConnell and Mary McConnel (nee McLeod) who founded the Cressbrook Homestead. The church was built by Lars Andersen. It opened in 1905 to serve the local farming community. It is located on Cressbrook-Caboonbah Road (27°08′03″S 152°28′02″E / 27.13412°S 152.46732°E / -27.13412; 152.46732 (Caboonbah Undenominational Church)), now within the neighbouring locality of Mount Beppo.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Caboonbah had a population of 14 people.

In the 2021 census, Caboonbah had a population of 13 people.

## Education

There are no schools in Caboonbah. The nearest government primary and secondary schools are Toogoolawah State School and Toogoolawah State High School respectively, both in Toogoolawah to the north-west.

## InfoBox

| Caboonbah
Queensland | |
| --- | --- |
| Caboonbah | |
| Coordinates | 27°08′24″S 152°28′34″E / 27.1399°S 152.4761°E / -27.1399; 152.4761 (Caboonbah (centre of locality)) |
| Population | 13 (2021 census) |
| • Density | 1.57/km2 (4.06/sq mi) |
| Postcode(s) | 4312 |
| Area | 8.3 km2 (3.2 sq mi) |
| Time zone | AEST (UTC+10:00) |
| Location |  |
| LGA(s) | Somerset Region |
| State electorate(s) | Nanango |
| Federal division(s) | Blair |
| **Suburbs around Caboonbah:**  Mount Beppo Lake Wivenhoe Lake Wivenhoe  Mount Beppo Caboonbah Lake Wivenhoe  Coal Creek Lake Wivenhoe Lake Wivenhoe | |


title: Sarah Dyer Hobart

abstract: Sarah Dyer Hobart was an American author of poetry, prose, and songs. Some of her more notable poems included, "The Record of Company B", "The Legend of St. Freda", and "Hector's Recompense". Her sonnets are perhaps her best work. She died in 1921.

text:
# Sarah Dyer Hobart

**Sarah Dyer Hobart** (née, **Dyer**; pseudonym, **Floyd Bentley**; September 20, 1845 – November 1, 1921) was an American author of poetry, prose, and songs. Some of her more notable poems included, "The Record of Company B", "The Legend of St. Freda", and "Hector's Recompense". Her sonnets are perhaps her best work. She died in 1921.

## Early life and education

Sarah Dyer was born in Otsego, Wisconsin Territory, September 20, 1845, or 1846. Her father, Wayne Bidwell Dyer (1813–1899), was the first man to make a home in the town, having arrived in Otsego in May 1844. Her parents were among the earliest settlers in that part of Wisconsin, and her early life was that of a pioneer.

She became well-educated.

## Career

She started her literary career at the age of eighteen, and was a contributor to the periodical press thereafter. Her poems soon made her name well known, and her sketches added to her popularity. Hobart's sonnets are perhaps her best work. For nearly fifty years, she wrote for the press using various pseudonyms. Her poems appeared in the leading magazines, including the *Century*, *Lippincott's Magazine*, *Outing*, and others. She was a regular contributor for a number of years to *Harper's Bazar*. As a regular prose contributor to the *Toledo Blade*, she wrote over the pen name of "Floyd Bentley." By 1880, she had turned her attention almost exclusively to writing melodies.

## Personal life

In 1866, she married Colonel Martin C. Hobart, who had just returned from the American Civil War. They had three children —Frances M., Mary V., and Burr E.— and lived in Fountain Prairie, Wisconsin.

Sarah Dyer Hobart died on November 1, 1921, and was buried at Fall River Cemetery, Fall River, Wisconsin.

## Selected works

### Poetry

* "The Record of Company B"
* "The Legend of St. Freda"
* "Hector's Recompense"

### Attribution

## InfoBox

| Sarah Dyer Hobart | |
| --- | --- |
| "A Woman of the Century" | |
| Born | Sarah Dyer
(1845-09-20)September 20, 1845
Otsego, Wisconsin Territory, U.S. |
| Died | November 1, 1921(1921-11-01) (aged 76) |
| Resting place | Fall River Cemetery, Fall River, Wisconsin |
| Pen name | Floyd Bentley |
| Occupation | author |
| Genre | poetry, prose, songs |
| Spouse | Martin C. Hobart (m. 1866) |
| Children | 3 |


title: CLNS1B

abstract: Chloride channel, nucleotide-sensitive, 1A, also known as CLNS1A, is a human gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a chloride channel regulator.

text:
# CLNS1B

**Chloride channel, nucleotide-sensitive, 1A**, also known as **CLNS1A**, is a human gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a chloride channel regulator.

## InfoBox

| CLNS1AP1 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | CLNS1AP1, CLNS1B, ICln, chloride nucleotide-sensitive channel 1A pseudogene 1 | | |
| External IDs | GeneCards: CLNS1AP1; OMA:CLNS1AP1 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     n/a   n/a   RefSeq (protein)     n/a   n/a   Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 54.49 – 54.49 Mb n/a  PubMed search  n/a | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human | | | |


title: Princess Hamnyeong

abstract: Princess Hamnyeong was a Goryeo Royal Princess as the younger daughter of King Wonjong and Princess Gyeongchang who later married her third cousin once removed, Wang Hye the Duke Gwangpyeong. In 1279, he got dispatched to Gyeongsang Province and supervised a battleship to be used to conquer the East alongside Tapnap (탑납) and Hapbaekna (합백나), envoys from Yuan dynasty. Then in 1285, Hye died and his properties were confiscated by King Chungnyeol.

text:
# Princess Hamnyeong

**Princess Hamnyeong** (Korean: 함녕궁주; Hanja: 咸寧宮主) was a Goryeo Royal Princess as the younger daughter of King Wonjong and Princess Gyeongchang who later married her third cousin once removed, Wang Hye the Duke Gwangpyeong (왕혜 광평공). In 1279, he got dispatched to Gyeongsang Province and supervised a battleship to be used to conquer the East alongside Tapnap (탑납) and Hapbaekna (합백나), envoys from Yuan dynasty. Then in 1285, Hye died and his properties were confiscated by King Chungnyeol.

## InfoBox

| Princess Hamnyeong | |
| --- | --- |
| Princess of Goryeo | |
| Reign | ?–? |
| Predecessor | Princess Gyeongan |
| Monarch | Wang Jeong, King Wonjong |
|  | |
| Husband | Wang Hye; third cousin once removed |
| House | House of Wang (by birth and marriage) |
| Father | Wonjong of Goryeo |
| Mother | Princess Gyeongchang |


abstract:
The European-Mediterranean montane mixed forests is a composite ecoregion of southern Europe and North Africa, designated by the World Wildlife Fund as one of their Global 200 ecoregions, a list of priority ecoregions for conservation. These forests include temperate coniferous forests and temperate broadleaf and mixed forests covering several major mountain ranges of Europe and northern Africa, including the Alps, Pyrenees, Atlas Mountains, Balkan Mountains, Rhodope Mountains, and the Carpathian Mountains, and including parts of over two dozen different countries. The terrestrial ecoregions included within the larger ecoregion include:
  - Alps conifer and mixed forests
  - Apennine deciduous montane forests (Italy)
  - Carpathian montane conifer forests
  - Crimean Submediterranean forest complex
  - Dinaric Mountains mixed forests
  - Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests
  - Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests
  - Rodope montane mixed forests

text:
# European–Mediterranean montane mixed forest

The **European-Mediterranean montane mixed forests** is a composite ecoregion of southern Europe and North Africa, designated by the World Wildlife Fund as one of their Global 200 ecoregions, a list of priority ecoregions for conservation.

These forests include temperate coniferous forests and temperate broadleaf and mixed forests covering several major mountain ranges of Europe and northern Africa, including the Alps, Pyrenees, Atlas Mountains, Balkan Mountains, Rhodope Mountains, and the Carpathian Mountains, and including parts of over two dozen different countries.

The terrestrial ecoregions included within the larger ecoregion include:


title: Facelina carmelae

abstract: Facelina carmelae is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Facelinidae.

text:
# Facelina carmelae

***Facelina carmelae*** is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Facelinidae.

## Distribution

This species has been reported from Cape Verde.

## InfoBox

| *Facelina carmelae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Nudibranchia |
| Suborder: | Cladobranchia |
| Family: | Facelinidae |
| Genus: | *Facelina* |
| Species: | ***F. carmelae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Facelina carmelae***<br>Moro & Ortea, 2015 | |
|


title: State Insurance Building, Liverpool

abstract: The State Insurance Building is at 14 Dale Street, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. Half of the building was destroyed by bombing in the Second World War. Both its external architecture and its internal decoration are elaborate.

text:
# State Insurance Building, Liverpool

The **State Insurance Building** is at 14 Dale Street, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. Half of the building was destroyed by bombing in the Second World War. Both its external architecture and its internal decoration are elaborate.

## History

The building was constructed in 1906 to a design by Walter Aubrey Thomas, who also designed the Royal Liver Building and Tower Buildings. It was originally symmetrical about a central turret, but the half of the building, the part extending towards North John Street, was destroyed by bombing in the Second World War. The building continues to be used as offices, with a restaurant on the ground floor.

In the 1920s the downstairs of the building was used as a popular dance hall and venue. After the second World War it was closed and later reopened as a Debenhams department store. In the 1980s it transformed again into a popular night club and rave hot spot, using the open plan hall downstairs to set up a stage for live music, but later closed down again. It is now utilised only four times a year as a special event night club and rave venue which still holds the original marbled walls and gold painted ceiling.

## Architecture

### Exterior

Constructed in ashlar with columns of polished red granite on the ground floor, the building has three bays. Its architectural style is described as "flamboyant Gothic", and as "wiry, sinuous Gothic". The left hand bay has five storeys. Its ground floor contains a narrow doorway with an ogee arch and tracery in the spandrels. A stair turret rises above the doorway. The first floor contains a balustraded balcony over which is a triple-arched canopy. Above this are three storeys with ogee-headed windows containing tracery. The top storey is octagonal and is surmounted by a pierced parapet. The other two bays have three storeys. The ground floor contains an ogee-headed doorway, wider than that in the left hand bay. The first and second floors have two two-light windows, and the third floor has two three-light windows. Between the second and third floors is a panel inscribed with the word "Insurance". Above the top storey is a gabled attic containing two narrow round-headed windows with tracery above them. Between the bays are fluted colonnettes.

### Interior

Inside the building is a central courtyard with a glazed barrel vault. Around this are galleries with wooden balustrades. The ground floor rooms have ceilings decorated with plasterwork and supported by metal columns. Between the columns is blind arcading decorated with multi-coloured marble. The arcades contain panels with circular plaster reliefs by Alfred R. Martin. The reliefs depict themes from traditional stories. In the former entrance hall are more reliefs, these depicting castles. The building is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

## InfoBox

| State Insurance Building | |
| --- | --- |
| State Insurance Building | |
| Location | 14 Dale Street, Liverpool, Merseyside, England |
| Coordinates | 53°24′26″N 2°59′24″W / 53.40726°N 2.99013°W / 53.40726; -2.99013 |
| OS grid reference | SJ 343 905 |
| Built | 1906 |
| Architect | Walter Aubrey Thomas |
| Architectural style(s) | Gothic Revival |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade II | |
| Designated | 14 March 1975 |
| Reference no. | 1068277 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location in Liverpool | |


title: Oskars Kļava

abstract: Oskars Kļava is a Latvian football coach and a former defender. He is the manager of Spartaks Jūrmala.

text:
# Oskars Kļava

**Oskars Kļava** (born 8 August 1983) is a Latvian football coach and a former defender. He is the manager of Spartaks Jūrmala.

## Career

### Club

Kļava was born in Liepāja. As a youth player he played for his local club Liepājas Metalurgs, making his first-team debut in 2002. That year he also made his Euro competitions' debut and was sent off against the Austrian club FC Kärnten in a 2002–03 UEFA Cup qualifying round match, which Kärnten won 2–0 on 15 August 2002. With the number of appearances growing each season, Kļava played in Liepāja for 9 seasons. He became a first eleven player in 2005. In January 2008 Kļava went on trial with Football League One side Leeds United in England. He left Metalurgs in 2010, having played 189 league matches, scoring 7 goals.

In June 2010 Kļava went on trial with the Russian Premier League club Anzhi Makhachkala and signed a three-year contract with them in August the same year. He was given the nr. 83 jersey at the club and, despite his surname being *Kļava*, he had his name *Oskars* written on it. He made his Premier League debut in the 17th round match against CSKA Moscow, coming on as a substitute on 15 August 2010. In his first season in Makhachkala Kļava appeared in 11 Premier League matches, as well as 12 reserve team games, scoring 1 goal. He lost his place in the starting line-up after the arrival of the Brazilian legend Roberto Carlos.

In August 2011 Kļava was given to the Russian First Division club FK Khimki on a half-year loan. Having played 11 matches there, he returned to Anzhi at the end of 2011. Before the start of the 2012 season Kļava rejoined his home-town club Liepājas Metalurgs playing in the Latvian Higher League. He scored 2 goals in 14 league matches.

In July 2012 Kļava signed a contract with the Azerbaijan Premier League club AZAL. In his first two seasons with the club Kļava appeared in 57 league matches and scored 2 goals.

### International

Kļava was a member of Latvian U-21 team. He made his international debut for the senior side in 2005 in a 1–1 draw against Thailand under that time national team's manager Jurijs Andrejevs, who had picked him up for a tournament in Bahrain. Kļava scored his first international goal in October 2007 against Iceland.

## Career statistics

### Club

*As of match played 4 November 2017*

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | National Cup | | Continental | | Other | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Liepājas Metalurgs | 2002 | Virsliga | 17 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 | - | | 17 | 0 |
| | 2003 | | 17 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 | - | | 17 | 0 |
| | 2004 | | 16 | 1 |  |  | 0 | 0 | - | | 16 | 1 |
| | 2005 | | 25 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 | - | | 25 | 0 |
| | 2006 | | 27 | 1 |  |  | 4 | 0 | - | | 31 | 1 |
| | 2007 | | 24 | 1 |  |  | 0 | 0 | - | | 24 | 1 |
| | 2008 | | 24 | 2 |  |  | 4 | 0 | - | | 28 | 2 |
| | 2009 | | 27 | 2 |  |  | 2 | 0 | - | | 29 | 2 |
| | 2010 | | 12 | 0 |  |  | 2 | 0 | - | | 14 | 0 |
| | Total | | 189 | 7 |  |  | 12 | 0 | - | - | 201 | 7 |
| Anzhi Makhachkala | 2010 | Russian Premier League | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | | - | | 10 | 0 |
| | 2011–12 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | | - | | 0 | 0 |
| | Total | | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 10 | 0 |
| Khimki (loan) | 2011–12 | Russian National League | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | |  | | 11 | 0 |
| AZAL | 2012–13 | Azerbaijan Premier League | 25 | 2 | 1 | 0 |  | |  | | 26 | 2 |
| | 2013–14 | | 32 | 0 | 1 | 0 |  | |  | | 33 | 0 |
| | 2014–15 | | 28 | 1 | 3 | 0 |  | |  | | 31 | 1 |
| | Total | | 85 | 3 | 5 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 90 | 3 |
| Liepāja | 2015 | Virslīga | 13 | 0 | 2 | 0 |  | |  | | 15 | 0 |
| | 2016 | | 24 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 |  | | 27 | 6 |
| | 2017 | | 22 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 |  | | 28 | 1 |
| | Total | | 59 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 0 | - | - | 70 | 7 |
| Career total | | | 354 | 17 | 12 | 0 | 16 | 0 | - | - | 382 | 17 |

### International

Source:

| Latvia national team | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 2005 | 3 | 0 |
| 2006 | 5 | 0 |
| 2007 | 11 | 1 |
| 2008 | 7 | 0 |
| 2009 | 8 | 0 |
| 2010 | 8 | 0 |
| 2011 | 7 | 0 |
| 2012 | 8 | 0 |
| 2013 | 4 | 0 |
| Total | 61 | 1 |

### International goals

*Scores and results list Latvia's goal tally first.* *As of match played 13 October 2007*

| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | 13 October 2007 | Laugardalsvöllur, Reykjavík, Iceland | Iceland | **1**–1 | 4–2 | Euro 2008 qualification |  |

## Honours

**Club**

**Latvia**

## InfoBox

Oskars Kļava
| Kļava with Khimki in 2011 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (1983-08-08) 8 August 1983 | | |
| Place of birth | Liepāja, Latvian SSR, Soviet Union <br>(now Republic of Latvia) | | |
| Height | 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Spartaks Jūrmala (manager) | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Liepājas Metalurgs | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2002–2010 | Liepājas Metalurgs | 189 | (7) |
| 2010–2012 | Anzhi Makhachkala | 11 | (0) |
| 2011 | Khimki (loan) | 11 | (0) |
| 2012 | Liepājas Metalurgs | 14 | (2) |
| 2012–2015 | AZAL | 85 | (3) |
| 2015–2017 | Liepāja | 59 | (7) |
| International career | | | |
| 2002–2004 | Latvia U-21 |  |  |
| 2005–2013 | Latvia | 65 | (1) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2022– | Spartaks Jūrmala | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Eurazhdarcho

abstract: Eurazhdarcho is a genus of azhdarchid pterosaur from the Late Cretaceous period of what is now the Transylvanian Basin of Romania. Its fossil remains dated back 69 million years ago.

text:
# Eurazhdarcho

***Eurazhdarcho*** is a genus of azhdarchid pterosaur from the Late Cretaceous period (Maastrichtian stage) of what is now the Transylvanian Basin of Romania. Its fossil remains dated back 69 million years ago.

## Discovery and naming

In 2009, Mátyás Vremir at Lancrăm near Sebeș-Glod in Transylvania at the SbG-B site uncovered the remains of a pterosaur. He donated these to the *Erdélyi Múzeum*, of the *Societății Muzeului Ardelean* (Transylvanian Museum Society). Subsequent excavations by Vremir discovered additional bones of the same individual animal and were added by him to the collection of the Babeș-Bolyai University.

In 2013, Vremir, Alexander Wilhelm Armin Kellner, Darren Naish, and Gareth Dyke named and described the type species *Eurazhdarcho langendorfensis*. The generic name combines the name of Europe with that of the related form *Azhdarcho*. The specific name refers to Langendorf, the name of Lancrăm in the language of the German ethnic minority in Romania. The article appeared in the electronic journal *PLoS ONE* without an accompanying printed version; it nevertheless validly names the taxon under the new rules of the ICZN.

The holotype, **EME VP 312**, was found in a layer of the Sebeș Formation dating from the upper Early Maastrichtian, about 69 million years old. It consists of a partial skeleton lacking the skull. It includes three neck vertebrae among which the almost complete third and the fourth; the third and fourth right metacarpal; the upper part of the first phalanx of the wing finger; the lower part of the second phalanx; a lower phalanx of one of the other fingers and a number of undetermined fragments. The Babeș-Bolyai University material is included within this enumeration and is not indicated by a separate inventory number. Generally the quality of the bones is poor with much of the outer cortex broken or eroded and internal structures present as (impressions of) natural molds. The fossils have not been completely flattened, preserving three-dimensionality, but compression has caused some distortion. The carcass had probably by flooding been deposed on its back in mud near a riverbank. Afterwards it was exposed to the air, weathering and being scavenged as proven by circular bite-marks inflicted by the conical teeth of some member of the Crocodyliformes. Later covered by a thin layer of dirt, it was damaged by beetles and termites.

The authors noted that from the same Romanian layers the related giant form *Hatzegopteryx* is known; the known fossil material from both genera does not overlap. The authors considered an identity to be unlikely because the much smaller EME VP 312 seems to represent an adult individual.

## Description

*Eurazhdarcho* is a medium-sized azhdarchid. The authors estimated its wingspan at 3 meters (9.8 ft), extrapolating from an estimated length for the fourth metacarpal of about 25 centimeters (9.8 in).

The authors established some distinctive traits, all present in the cervical vertebrae. The third neck vertebra has three-quarters of the length of the fourth vertebra, whereas 60 percent would be normal with azhdarchids. The necks of the prezygapophyses, the front joint processes, are well-developed and elongated, obliquely pointing forwards and outwards under an angle of 30 degrees with the long axis of the vertebra. The preexapophysis, a secondary joint process on the side of the prezygapophysis, is well-developed with a forward pointing articulation facet and separated from a process, itself the remains of the diapophysis and possibly a neck rib, on the outer base of the prezygapophysis, by a deep trough on its underside. The pneumatic openings, the entrance holes for the air sacks, at the sides of the neural arch are small and placed in a low position.

## Phylogeny

*Eurazhdarcho* was by the authors assigned to the Azhdarchidae, based on the method of comparative anatomy; a cladistic analysis was not performed. In 2018 however, Nicholas Longrich and colleagues included *Eurazhdarcho* in a large phylogenetic analysis of the Pterosauria, where it was recovered within the family Azhdarchidae. Their cladogram is presented below:

## Paleobiology

The area where *Eurazhdarcho* was found, in the Upper Cretaceous was localized on the Hațeg Island, part of the European Archipelago. The SbG-B site, though encompassing a surface of just 200 m³, has yielded several distinct animal species among which the turtle *Kallokibotion bajazidi*, the hadrosaur *Telmatosaurus* and a form referred to the titanosaur *Magyarosaurus*. This terrestrial fauna suggests that *Eurazdarcho* was not a coastal piscivore catching fish on the wing, affirming the "superstork" model for azhdarchids, in which they are terrestrial stalkers snatching small prey animals while walking on all fours.

If *Eurazhdarcho* was indeed distinct from *Hatzegopteryx*, its discovery implies the presence of two azhdarchid forms in the Hațeg fauna, the one gigantic, the other medium-sized. This suggests a niche partitioning between them, although it is as yet unclear how this correlates with differences in prey preference and hunting techniques. This reflects a pattern seen in other Late Cretaceous faunae which also show a combination of a large azhdarchid species with a smaller one. The Javelina Formation from the Maastrichtian of Texas has brought forth the giant *Quetzalcoatlus northropi* but also a smaller *Quetzalcoatlus sp.* and the azhdarchoid represented by specimen TMM 42489-2. The Two Medicine Formation fauna from the Campanian of Montana includes the smaller *Montanazhdarcho minor*, with a wingspan of 2.5 meters (8 ft 2 in), but also fragments of larger forms with a span of 8 meters (26 ft). In the coeval Dinosaur Park Formation of Canada the smaller specimen RTMP 92.83 was discovered with a wingspan of 5 to 6 meters (16 to 20 ft) but also the large specimen PMA P.80.16.1367 indicating a wingspan of about 10 meters (33 ft) wide.

## InfoBox

| *Eurazhdarcho*
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Preserved elements re-assembled as found in partial articulation | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Order: | Pterosauria |
| Suborder: | Pterodactyloidea |
| Family: | Azhdarchidae |
| Subfamily: | Quetzalcoatlinae |
| Genus: | *Eurazhdarcho*
Vremir *et al.*, 2013 |
|
| Type species | |
| ***Eurazhdarcho langendorfensis***
Vremir *et al.*, 2013 | |


title: Buckskin Range

abstract: The Buckskin Range is a mountain range in Douglas County, Nevada.

text:
# Buckskin Range

The **Buckskin Range** is a mountain range in Douglas County, Nevada.

## InfoBox

| Buckskin Range | |
| --- | --- |
| Buckskin RangeLocation of Buckskin Range in Nevada | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 1,675 m (5,495 ft) |
| Geography | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Nevada |
| District | Douglas County |
| Range coordinates | 38°59′29.693″N 119°21′52.573″W / 38.99158139°N 119.36460361°W / 38.99158139; -119.36460361 |
| Topo map | USGS Artesia Lake |


title: Bryant Terry

abstract: Bryant Terry is an African-American vegan chef, food justice activist, and author. He has written four vegan cookbooks and cowrote a book about organic eating. He won a 2015 James Beard Foundation Leadership Award for his food justice work. In 2021 he was awarded an NAACP Image Award for his book Vegetable Kingdom, which received a starred review from Publishers Weekly.

text:
# Bryant Terry

**Bryant Terry** (born January 24, 1974) is an African-American vegan chef, food justice activist, and author. He has written four vegan cookbooks and cowrote a book about organic eating. He won a 2015 James Beard Foundation Leadership Award for his food justice work. In 2021 he was awarded an NAACP Image Award for his book *Vegetable Kingdom*, which received a starred review from *Publishers Weekly*.

## Early life and education

Terry's parents are Beatrice Terry, a neonatal nurse, and Booker Terry, an environmental protection specialist.

Terry grew up in Memphis, Tennessee. He attended Xavier University of Louisiana, graduating with a degree in English. He then moved to New York City to attend graduate school at New York University, where he earned an M.A. in history. While at NYU, after hearing a hip-hop song about factory farming, he switched to a plant-based diet and started reading about early efforts to address food injustice. He then enrolled in the chef's training program at the Natural Gourmet Institute for Health and Culinary Arts in New York City.

## Career

In 2001, Terry founded b-healthy! (Build Healthy Eating And Lifestyles To Help Youth), a five-year initiative created to raise awareness about food justice issues and empower youth to be active in creating a more just and sustainable food system. The program taught children in underserved neighborhoods how to cook in an afterschool program, sending the kids back home with their prepared foods to provide their family a meal. In 2002 he received a Community Fellowship from the Open Society Institute (Soros Foundation) to support b-healthy's work, in which he led chef-educators Ludie Minaya, Elizabeth Johnson, and Latham Thomas in reaching out to thousands of youth in the United States.

In the spring of 2003, Terry met author Anna Lappé. That fall they began writing a *Grub: Ideas for an Urban Organic Kitchen* (ISBN 1585424595), which was soon bought by Tarcher/Penguin and published in 2006. *Grub* received a 2007 Nautilus Book Award for Social Change.

Among his national radio and television appearances, Terry has offered his commentary on the Sundance Channel's original series *Big Ideas for a Small Planet*. He has been a guest chef on three episodes of the BET series *My Two Cents*. Terry was also a host on the PBS series *The Endless Feast*.

Terry is a consultant for the Bioneers Conference. He has helped raise funds for the People's Grocery in West Oakland, and he consults for other not-for-profit organizations as well as corporations. He appeared on the "Nourish: Food + Community" PBS special that aired in 2008, and he has also served on the advisory board for the project's educational component.

From 2008 to 2010, Terry was a Food and Society Policy Fellow, a national program of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation.

In 2015, Terry was named the inaugural Chef-in-Residence for the Museum of the African Diaspora in San Francisco.

*The Atlanta Journal-Constitution* in 2020 said of Terry that he had "dedicated much of his life to educating others about sustainable agriculture and healthy eating through the lens of the African Diaspora." Ten Speed Press announced in 2021 that Terry would start an imprint called 4 Color Books focused on writers of color.

## Writing and speaking engagements

Terry's writing and recipes have been featured in *Gourmet*, *Food & Wine*, *The New York Times Magazine*, the *San Francisco Chronicle*, *Vibe*, *Domino*, *Mothering*, *Plenty*, *Delicious Living*, and other print magazines. He has contributed to ABC.com and TheRoot.com among others. His column on *The Root*, "Eco-Soul Kitchen", offers thoughts, recipes, tools, and tips for sustainable eating and living. His essay, "Reclaiming True Grits", was widely circulated on the web and sparked heated debate about "soul food". Distinguishing traditional soul food the "instant soul food" that began emerging in the late 1960s, Terry wrote: "Sadly, over the past four decades most of us have forgotten that what many African Americans in the South ate for dinner just two generations ago was diverse, creative, and comprised of a lot of fresh, local, and homegrown nutrient-dense food."

In 2015, Terry gave a talk at the annual TEDMED conference on "Stirring up political change from the kitchen".

## Recognition

In 2012 Terry was named to TheGrio's 100 list. In 2014 *Afro-Vegan* was listed as one of the best cookbooks of 2014 by *Mother Jones* (honorable mention) and *Serious Eats*.

In 2015 Terry won a James Beard Foundation Leadership Award for his food justice work. He also received two additional nominations from the James Beard Foundation.

Terry's 2020 book *Vegetable Kingdom: The Abundant World of Vegan Recipes* received a starred review from *Publishers Weekly* and won an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work – Instructional*.*

In 2023, *Tasting Table* named Terry as one of the “21 Plant-Based Chefs You Need To Know.” and *VegNews* listed him as one of the "37 Creative Chefs Crafting the Future of Vegan Food." In 2024, *VegNews* also listed Terry as one of the "17 Black Vegan Chefs Redefining Plant-Based Food and Community."

*VegNews* listed *Afro-Vegan* as one of the "Top 100 Vegan Cookbooks of All Time" in 2024.

## Personal life

Terry married Jidan Koon, an organizational development consultant, in September 2010. They reside in Oakland, California, with their children.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Bryant Terry | |
| --- | --- |
| Bryant Terry in 2016 | |
| Born | (1974-01-24) January 24, 1974
Memphis, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Education | Xavier University of Louisiana
New York University (MA) |
| Occupation(s) | Chef, author |
| Spouse | Jidan Terry-Koon |
| Website | bryant-terry.com |


title: Bryant Turner Jr.

abstract: Bryant Turner Jr. is a former Canadian football defensive lineman. He made his professional debut with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in 2011. He played college football at UAB.

text:
# Bryant Turner Jr.

**Bryant Turner Jr.** (born November 25, 1987) is a former Canadian football defensive lineman. He made his professional debut with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in 2011. He played college football at UAB.

## Professional career

### Winnipeg Blue Bombers

Bryant Turner signed with Winnipeg on May 9, 2011. On December 19, 2013, the Blue Bombers added two years to Turner's contract, extending his contract through the 2016 season. Following five seasons with the Bombers Turner was released by Winnipeg on March 22, 2016.

### BC Lions

On April 6, 2016, Bryant Turner signed a one-year contract with the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League.

## Statistics

|  | |  | Defence | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Team | | Games | Tackles | ST | Sacks | Int | TD | FF |
| 2011 | WPG | | 13 | 13 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 2012 | WPG | | 14 | 15 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2013 | WPG | | 16 | 12 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2014 | WPG | | 16 | 23 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2015 | WPG | | 12 | 12 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2016 | BC | | 10 | 25 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2017 | BC | | 9 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| CFL totals | | | 90 | 97 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 5 |

## InfoBox

Bryant Turner Jr.
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| No. 92 | |
| Position: | Defensive lineman |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1987-11-25) November 25, 1987<br>Mobile, Alabama, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) |
| Weight: | 279 lb (127 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Daphne (Daphne, Alabama) |
| College: | UAB |
| Undrafted: | 2011 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
| * CFL All-Star (2012) * CFL East All-Star (2012, 2013) | |
|  | |
| Career CFL statistics | |
| Total tackles: 97  Sacks: 30.0  Forced fumbles: 5 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **CFL.ca** | |
|  | |


title: Saint John Vianney Seminary (Denver)

abstract: Saint John Vianney Theological Seminary is a Catholic seminary in Denver, Colorado, dedicated to Saint John Vianney, the patron saint of parish priests. It is located at 1300 South Steele Street in the Cory-Merrill neighborhood of Denver, on the campus of the St. John Paul II Center for the New Evangelization. Founded in 1999, St. John Vianney is run by the Archdiocese of Denver. St. John Vianney offers formation programs for seminarians studying for the priesthood, candidates to become permanent deacons, and lay people interested in learning more about Catholicism.

text:
# Saint John Vianney Seminary (Denver)

**Saint John Vianney Theological Seminary** is a Catholic seminary in Denver, Colorado, dedicated to Saint John Vianney, the patron saint of parish priests. It is located at 1300 South Steele Street in the Cory-Merrill neighborhood of Denver, on the campus of the St. John Paul II Center for the New Evangelization. Founded in 1999, St. John Vianney is run by the Archdiocese of Denver.

St. John Vianney offers formation programs for seminarians studying for the priesthood, candidates to become permanent deacons, and lay people interested in learning more about Catholicism.

## History

St. John Vianney Theological Seminary was constituted on March 17, 1999. It replaced the former St. Thomas Seminary, which operated from 1907 to the early 1990s. Cardinal James Stafford, archbishop of Denver, purchased the St. Thomas Seminary campus from the Congregation of the Mission in 1995. He renamed it the St. John Paul II Center for the New Evangelization and remodeled a facility there for the archdiocesan chancery.

Archbishop Charles J. Chaput, Stafford's successor. commissioned a feasibility study on establishing a new seminary at the St. John Paul II Center. After consulting with priests and parishioners, he formulated a plan to create the St. John Vianney Theological Seminary. The plans also called for the establishment of:

* The St. Francis School of Theology for Deacons
* The Catechetical School
* The Denver Catholic Biblical School for lay formation

## Seminarian program

### Summary

The St. John Vianney program for seminarians studying for the priesthood follows the four pillars listed in Pope John Paul II's *Pastores Dabo Vobis*: human formation, spiritual formation, pastoral formation and intellectual formation. The seminary has three components in the priestly formation process:

* Spirituality year, a one year program for prayer, discernment, study and community service
* Pre-theology cycle, a two or three year program of coursework in philosophy, languages and introductory courses in theology
* Theology cycle, a four-year program of coursework in the theological and pastoral disciplines required for ordination

### Spirituality Year

The spirituality year (SY) is a 12 month program of prayer, meditation, limited classroom study, community service and evangelization. It is a prerequisite for the pre-theology cycle. SY is marked by a commitment to prayer; seminarians attend three retreats, including a 30-day silent Ignatian retreat. They give up phones, television, computers, and popular media. The seminarians live in a separate community on the seminary grounds and pray, study, work and take recreation together. The men also spend two hours a day studying sacred scripture, catechism, and spiritual classics in the classroom.

At the end of the SY, the seminarians undertake apostolic assignments outside the seminary. These assignments include teaching young people, visiting the elderly, and ministering to the sick. In January of their spirituality year, the seminarians are sent out in pairs for one month to live with the poor, serve them and teach them about Catholicism.

### Pre-theology cycle

The pre-theology cycle at St. John Vianney is a two- or three-year set of courses that cover philosophy, introductory theology, and languages. It is a prerequisite for the theology cycle. The seminarian's diocese can choose between degree and non-degree programs in philosophy to meet the entrance requirements for the theology cycle. The study of philosophy is central to the pre-theology program. St. John Vianney offers three undergraduate philosophy programs:

* Standard program in pre-theology
* Bachelor of Philosophy (B.Phil.) degree
* Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degree with a philosophy major

### Theology cycle

The Theology Cycle at St. John Vianney is a four-year program of study in theological and pastoral disciplines which meet the requirements for priestly formation specified by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB). Each seminarian is enrolled in a graduate level program that enables him to earn both a Bachelor of Sacred Theology degree (S.T.B.) and a Master of Divinity degree (M.Div.) prior to ordination.

## Deacon program

St Francis School of Theology for Deacons, (SFSTD), is a division of St John Vianney Seminary. The SFSTD trains permanent deacons for the Archdiocese of Denver utilizing the same professors as the seminary. The men who are ordained to Holy Orders provide service of Liturgy, Word, and Sacrament to the Church of Northern Colorado. Admission to SFSTD is limited to men under the age of 60.

## Lay person program

The Catechetical School and the Denver Catholic Biblical School are divisions of St. John Vianney Seminary for laypeople.

* The Catechetical School offers small group study, independent study, personal application, and lectures.
* The Denver Catholic Biblical School offers lectures, small-group discussions and weekly coursework on the Bible. The school holds prayer days and retreats, trips to Palestine, Israel, Greece, and Rome, and continuing education for its graduates.

## Accreditation & Affiliations

St. John Vianney is accredited by the Association of Theological Schools and is affiliated with the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas in Rome and Regis University in Denver.

## Administration

Previous rectors of St. John Vianney include Denver's current archbishop Samuel J. Aquila, Msgr. Michael Glenn, Rev. Scott Traynor. As of 2018. the rector was Fr. Daniel Leonard.

## Students

St. John Vianney serves 15 dioceses in the Western United States and two international dioceses. As of 2014, 136 men from these dioceses were attending the seminary to prepare for the priesthood.

39°41′34″N 104°56′52″W / 39.69285°N 104.94788°W / 39.69285; -104.94788

## InfoBox

Saint John Vianney Theological Seminary
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | All-male seminary;<br>coed lay programs |
| Established | 1999 |
| Affiliation | Catholic Church (Archdiocese of Denver) |
| Rector | Very Rev. Daniel Leonard |
| Students | 120 |
| Location | 1300 South Steele Street, Denver, Colorado, United States |
| Website | www.sjvdenver.edu |