title: Reducing Regulatory Burdens Act of 2013

abstract: The Reducing Regulatory Burdens Act of 2013 (H.R. 935) is a bill that would prohibit the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and states authorized to issue a permit under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) from requiring a permit for some discharges of pesticides authorized for use under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). The bill would clarify the law so that people did not have to get two permits in order to use the same pesticide. The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

text:
# Reducing Regulatory Burdens Act of 2013

The **Reducing Regulatory Burdens Act of 2013** (H.R. 935) is a bill that would prohibit the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and states authorized to issue a permit under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) from requiring a permit for some discharges of pesticides authorized for use under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). The bill would clarify the law so that people did not have to get two permits in order to use the same pesticide.

The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

## Background

Similar legislation, H.R. 872, passed the House and the Senate Agriculture Committee during the 112th United States Congress, but never received a full vote in the Senate and did not become law.

## Provisions of the bill

*This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source.*

The Reducing Regulatory Burdens Act of 2013 would amend the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (commonly known as the Clean Water Act (CWA)) to prohibit the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or a state from requiring a permit under the CWA for a discharge from a point source into navigable waters of a pesticide authorized for sale, distribution, or use under FIFRA, or the residue of such a pesticide, resulting from the application of such pesticide.

The bill would exempt from such prohibition the following discharges containing a pesticide or pesticide residue: (1) a discharge resulting from the application of a pesticide in violation of FIFRA that is relevant to protecting water quality, if the discharge would not have occurred but for the violation or the amount of pesticide or pesticide residue contained in the discharge is greater than would have occurred without the violation; (2) stormwater discharges regulated under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES); and (3) discharges regulated under NPDES of manufacturing or industrial effluent or treatment works effluent and discharges incidental to the normal operation of a vessel, including a discharge resulting from ballasting operations or vessel biofouling prevention.

## Congressional Budget Office report

*This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Budget Office, as ordered reported by the House Committee on Agriculture on March 13, 2014. This is a public domain source.*

H.R. 935 would prohibit the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and states authorized to issue a permit under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) from requiring a permit for some discharges of pesticides authorized for use under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). Under the bill, public and private entities would no longer need to obtain an NPDES permit for certain discharges of pesticides except in cases where the application of the pesticide would not fall under FIFRA, or in cases where the discharge is regulated as a stormwater, municipal, or industrial discharge under the Clean Water Act.

Based on information from EPA, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that enacting this legislation would have no significant effect on the federal budget. Any administrative savings to EPA that might result from issuing fewer permits would be negligible because EPA has delegated the authority to issue most NPDES permits to states.

Pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply to H.R. 935 because enacting the bill would not affect direct spending or revenues.

H.R. 935 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments.

## Procedural history

The Reducing Regulatory Burdens Act of 2013 was introduced into the United States House of Representatives on March 4, 2013 by Rep. Bob Gibbs (R, OH-7). It was referred to the United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, the United States House Committee on Agriculture, the United States House Transportation Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment, and the United States House Agriculture Subcommittee on Horticulture, Research, Biotechnology, and Foreign Agriculture. On June 2, 2014 the bill was ordered reported alongside House Report 113-467.

## Debate and discussion

Rep. Austin Scott (R-GA), who supported the bill, said that "federal agencies continue to develop and implement duplicative regulations that create undue burdens and more red tape for American citizens. H.R. 935 will provide clarity with EPA regulations, which will in turn allow citizens to better navigate the regulatory environment."

Rep. Mike McIntyre also supported the bill saying that the "bill is a great step toward reforming the regulatory process, streamlining government, and saving taxpayers' time and money."

Rep. Kurt Schrader (D-OR), a co-sponsor of the bill, explained his support by saying "under FIFRA pesticides must undergo extensive and rigorous testing before being approved. To require a duplicative permit for a pesticide that has already been approved through the FIFRA process is not only arbitrary, it's an unnecessary burden on regulators and applicators and does nothing to improve water quality."

The National Council of Farmer Cooperatives (NCFC) supported the bill. President Chuck Conner said that "the time for action on this issue is long overdue-farmers, growers and ranchers across the country are facing burdensome and redundant regulations and tremendous uncertainty for absolutely no environmental benefit."

Beyond impacting farmers, this bill could also affect other businesses such as those related to swimming pool chemicals.

The bill was opposed by Senators Barbara Boxer (D-CA) and Ben Cardin (D-MD) when an attempt was made to include its provisions in the 2014 farm bill.

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Government.

## InfoBox

Reducing Regulatory Burdens Act of 2013
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Long title | To amend the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to clarify Congressional intent regarding the regulation of the use of pesticides in or near navigable waters, and for other purposes. |
| Announced in | the 113th United States Congress |
| Sponsored by | Rep. Bob Gibbs (R, OH-7) |
| Number of co-sponsors | 3 |
| Codification | |
| Acts affected | Federal Water Pollution Control Act, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act |
| U.S.C. sections affected | 7 U.S.C. § 136a, 33 U.S.C. § 1342 |
| Agencies affected | United States Environmental Protection Agency |
| Legislative history | |
|  | |


title: Saron (instrument)

abstract: The saron is a musical instrument of Indonesia, which is used in the gamelan. It normally has seven bronze bars placed on top of a resonating frame (rancak). It is usually about 20 cm (8 in) high, and is played on the floor by a seated performer. In a pelog scale, the bars often read 1-2-3-5-6-7 across; for slendro, the bars are 6-1-2-3-5-6-1; this can vary from gamelan to gamelan, or even among instruments in the same gamelan. Slendro instruments commonly have only six keys. It provides the core melody (balungan) in the gamelan orchestra.

text:
# Saron (instrument)

The **saron** is a musical instrument of Indonesia, which is used in the gamelan. It normally has seven bronze bars placed on top of a resonating frame (*rancak*). It is usually about 20 cm (8 in) high, and is played on the floor by a seated performer. In a pelog scale, the bars often read 1-2-3-5-6-7 across (the number four is not used because of its relation to death) (in kepatihan numbering); for slendro, the bars are 6-1-2-3-5-6-1; this can vary from gamelan to gamelan, or even among instruments in the same gamelan. Slendro instruments commonly have only six keys. It provides the core melody (balungan) in the gamelan orchestra.

## Varieties

Sarons typically come in a number often sizes, from smallest to largest:

* **Saron panerus** (also: **peking**)
* **Saron barung** (sometimes just **saron**)
* **Saron demung** (often just called **demung**)

Each one of those is pitched an octave below the previous. The slenthem or slentho performs a similar function to the sarons one octave below the demung.

## Playing techniques

The sarons are struck with a mallet (*tabuh*). Typically the striking mallet is angled to the right to produce a fuller sound. Demung and saron barung generally use a wooden mallet, while the peking mallet is made of a water buffalo horn, which gives it a shriller sound. The other hand is used to dampen the previous note by grasping the key, in order to prevent a muddy sound. On repeated notes, the note is usually dampened half a beat before it is struck again.

The saron barung and demung usually play less often and more simple parts. These are the usual techniques for playing them:

* **Mbalung**: playing the balungan melody as notated, without elaboration
* **Tabuhan pinjalan**: playing an interlocking pinjalan pattern between the saron barung, demung, and slenthem, which fills in the offbeats of the balungan
* **Tabuhan imbal**: playing an interlocking imbal pattern between two of the same instruments, usually either saron barung or demung. Note that the dampening must happen as soon as the other performer plays a note; this is usually twice as soon as when playing by oneself.
* **Pancer**: sometimes a note is added between balungan notes if there is a great deal of space between them (i.e., it is in a slow irama). This is called a pancer.

Saron panerus has distinctive patterns which make it different from the other sarons. It usually plays more often, and keeps a constant beat going throughout a piece. Its playing techniques include:

* **Nacah lamba**: playing the balungan (with repeated notes if necessary, depending on the irama)
* **Nacah selang-seling**: playing the balungan in pairs of notes (which may be repeated), making a more elaborate variation on the phrase
* **Imbal-imbalan**: similar to tabuhan imbal for the other sarons

## History

The earliest known appearance of a single-octave saron is in a relief at Borobudur, from the 9th century. It was formerly supposed that the saron derived from the decomposition of the gambang gangsa, after it fell out of use. Mantle Hood rejected this hypothesis, and associates the preference for a single octave with the characteristic shape of the cadence in the pathet. There is no evidence that the gambang gangsa is older than the saron; indeed, it may be younger.

## Footnotes

* Hood, Mantle (1977). *The Nuclear Theme as a Determinant of Patet in Javanese Music*. New York: Da Capo.
* Sorrell, Neil (1990). *A Guide to the Gamelan*. United Kingdom: Faber and Faber.

## InfoBox

Saron (instrument)
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Classification |  |
| Developed | Indonesia |


title: Chapman Grant

abstract: Chapman Grant was an American herpetologist, historian, and publisher. He was the last living grandson of United States President Ulysses S. Grant. He was married and had two children, one of whom survived him, his only son Ulysses S. Grant V.

text:
# Chapman Grant

**Chapman Grant** (March 27, 1887 – January 5, 1983) was an American herpetologist, historian, and publisher. He was the last living grandson of United States President Ulysses S. Grant.

He was married and had two children, one of whom survived him, his only son Ulysses S. Grant V.

## Biography

Chapman Grant was born in Salem Center, New York, the son of Jesse Root Grant II, the youngest son of the 18th President of the United States Ulysses S. Grant. In 1892 he moved to San Diego with his parents. As a child, he spent time at the California Academy of Sciences, where he developed his interest in science. He graduated from Williams College in 1910. He became the assistant curator of entomology at the Children's Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences in September 1913. In November 1913, he left the museum for a military career beginning on the Mexican border. He was commissioned a 2nd Lieutenant in the 14th U.S. Cavalry. He married Mabel Glenn Ward in 1917. He continued his scientific studies while in the Army. When he was assigned as commandant of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps at the University of Wichita in the 1930s, he wrote scientific papers on herpetology and was curator at the Arkansas Valley Museum and Historical Society. He retired with a rank of major.

In the 1930s and 1950s several expeditions for the San Diego Natural History Museum and the Illinois Museum of Natural History led him to the study of the Caribbean herpetofauna where he described fifteen new taxa, including the blue iguana, the cotton ginner gecko, Gaige's dwarf gecko, Klauber's dwarf gecko, Nichols' dwarf gecko, Roosevelt's dwarf gecko, Townsend's dwarf gecko, Cook's anole, the Culebra Island giant anole, Cochran's croaking gecko, the web-footed coqui, Cook's robber frog, and the whistling coqui.

Two West Indian snakes are named in his honor: *Chilabothrus granti* and *Typhlops granti*.

In 1932 he established the scientific publication *Herpetologica*, the quarterly journal of the Herpetologists' League, an association of several notable herpetologists in the US, which he co-founded in 1936. He was also the publisher of a second magazine - Scientists Forum.

In 1982 the Major Chapman Grant Hall of Ecology in the San Diego Natural History Museum in Balboa Park was named in honor of him. In 1983 he died at the age of 95 in a nursing home at Escondido, California. He left one son, Ulysses S. Grant V (September 21, 1920 – March 7, 2011).

## Works

* (1935). "Secondary sexual differences and notes on the mud turtle *Kinosternon subrubrum* in northern Indiana". *American Midland Naturalist* **16** (5): 798–800.
* (1935). "*Natrix sipedon sipedon* in central Indiana, its individual and sexual variation". *American Midland Naturalist* **16** (6): 921–931.
* (1937). "Herpetological notes from central Kansas". *American Midland Naturalist* **18** (3): 370–372.
* (1940). (with W. Gardner Lynn). "The Herpetology of Jamaica". *Bull. Inst. Jamaica Sci.*, Series 1: 1–148.
* (1960). "Differentiation of the two southwestern tortoises (genus *Gopherus*), with notes on their habits". *Trans. San Diego Nat. Hist. Soc.* **12** (27): 441–448.

## Further reading

* Obituary, Los Angeles Times, January 17, 1983, p. C4.

## InfoBox

| Chapman Grant | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1887-03-27)March 27, 1887
Salem Center, New York |
| Died | January 5, 1983(1983-01-05) (aged 95)
Escondido, California |
| Education | Williams College |
| Known for | Description of new taxa |
| Spouse | Mabel Glenn Ward |
| Father | Jesse Root Grant II |
| Relatives | President Ulysses S. Grant (grandfather) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Herpetology, History |
| Institutions | Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, San Diego Natural History Museum, University of Wichita |
| Author abbrev. (zoology) | **Grant** |
|  | |


title: Seven Eyes

abstract: Seven Eyes is a Grade II* listed building in the community of Ruthin, Denbighshire, Wales, which dates back to the 16th century. It was listed by Cadw. The property was acquired in 1595 by Sir Hugh Myddleton who provided London with its first fresh water supply and remodelled in the mid 17th century by Sir Richard Clough, in a similar fashion to his Bachegraig hall. The multi-dormered tiled roof building, also known as "The Eyes of Ruthin" due to the seven dormer windows, originally framed with timber but replaced with brick in the late 18th century. The Dutch design, long, steeped roof is attributed to Sir Richard Clough, an Elizabethan merchant. It has four tiers of dormer windows, each at a different elevation, known locally as the seven eyes of Ruthin. The interior features of the building include three tiers of dormer windows set within the tiled roof and the spere truss which is clearly visible upstairs. The exact dating of the house is unknown, what is certain is that the core of the house was a medieval hall-house type, now difficult to recognise due to the many alterations that have taken place. In one of the rooms is a mural bearing, in moulding, the date 1657 and the Langford coat-of-arms. The Langfords were brought to Ruthin by the de Greys in the 15th century and served as constables of Ruthin Castle. The property is said to have been purchased by Sir Hugh Myddleton in 1595. Sir Hugh virtually bankrupted himself in providing London with its first fresh water. Originally from a Denbigh family and a Denbigh benefactor in 1622 he was made a baronet as Sir Hugh Myddleton of Ruthin, citizen and Goldsmith of London

text:
# Seven Eyes

**Seven Eyes** (also known as the Myddleton Arms) is a Grade II\* listed building in the community of Ruthin, Denbighshire, Wales, which dates back to the 16th century. It was listed by Cadw (Reference Number 918). The property was acquired in 1595 by Sir Hugh Myddleton who provided London with its first fresh water supply and remodelled in the mid 17th century by Sir Richard Clough, in a similar fashion to his Bachegraig hall.

The multi-dormered tiled roof building, also known as "The Eyes of Ruthin" due to the seven dormer windows, originally framed with timber but replaced with brick in the late 18th century. The Dutch design, long, steeped roof is attributed to Sir Richard Clough, an Elizabethan merchant. It has four tiers of dormer windows, each at a different elevation, known locally as the seven eyes of Ruthin.

The interior features of the building include three tiers of dormer windows set within the tiled roof and the spere truss (or aisle-truss) which is clearly visible upstairs.

The exact dating of the house is unknown, what is certain is that the core of the house was a medieval hall-house type, now difficult to recognise due to the many alterations that have taken place. In one of the rooms is a mural bearing, in moulding, the date 1657 and the Langford coat-of-arms. The Langfords were brought to Ruthin by the de Greys in the 15th century and served as constables of Ruthin Castle. The property is said to have been purchased by Sir Hugh Myddleton in 1595. Sir Hugh virtually bankrupted himself in providing London with its first fresh water. Originally from a Denbigh family and a Denbigh benefactor in 1622 he was made a baronet as Sir Hugh Myddleton of Ruthin, citizen and Goldsmith of London

## Location

This building is located at 10 St. Peters Square, Ruthin, Clwyd, LL15 1AA

1. British Listed Buildings; accessed 5 June 2014

## InfoBox

| Seven Eyes | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Status | Completed |
| Location | Ruthin, Denbighshire |
| Country | Wales |
| Coordinates | 53°06′53″N 3°18′37″W / 53.114785°N 3.310352°W / 53.114785; -3.310352 |
| Website | |
| Cadw | |
| References | |
| Cadw 918 | |


title: Ray Phelps

abstract: Raymond Clifford Phelps was an American professional baseball pitcher in Major League Baseball. He pitched from 1930 to 1936.

text:
# Ray Phelps

**Raymond Clifford Phelps** (December 11, 1903 – July 7, 1971) was an American professional baseball pitcher in Major League Baseball. He pitched from 1930 to 1936.

## InfoBox

| Ray Phelps | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:** (1903-12-11)December 11, 1903
Dunlap, Tennessee, U.S. | |
| **Died:** July 7, 1971(1971-07-07) (aged 67)
Fort Pierce, Florida, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| April 23, 1930, for the Brooklyn Robins | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| June 28, 1936, for the Chicago White Sox | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Win–loss record | 33–35 |
| Earned run average | 4.93 |
| Strikeouts | 190 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Cat and Fiddle Arcade

abstract: The Cat and Fiddle Arcade is a shopping mall and hub located in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia and covers a city block made up of about 17 buildings at 49-51 Murray Street. It is famous for its musical clock, which plays the Hey Diddle Diddle nursery rhyme hourly with glockenspiel and vibraphone, and is a local tourist attraction. Cat and Fiddle Square also holds other music events and occasionally art installations. Along with at least 70 specialty stores, the mall is Hobart's major clothing and fashion retail centre containing a Myer and Target which each cover two levels, as well as an H&M. It is accessible via the Icon Complex on Liverpool Street and Murray Street, and the Elizabeth Street Mall, and bounded by Collins Street where there is a skybridge to Trafalgar Place. It is also located directly between other malls in the shopping precinct, including the Wellington Centre and Centrepoint Shopping Centre.

text:
# Cat and Fiddle Arcade

The **Cat and Fiddle Arcade** is a shopping mall and hub located in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia and covers a city block made up of about 17 buildings at 49-51 Murray Street. It is famous for its musical clock, which plays the *Hey Diddle Diddle* nursery rhyme hourly with glockenspiel and vibraphone, and is a local tourist attraction. Cat and Fiddle Square (the location of a food court, and formerly a fountain) also holds other music events and occasionally art installations. Along with at least 70 specialty stores, the mall is Hobart's major clothing and fashion retail centre containing a Myer and Target which each cover two levels, as well as an H&M.

It is accessible via the Icon Complex on Liverpool Street and Murray Street, and the Elizabeth Street Mall (close to the Hobart Bus Mall), and bounded by Collins Street where there is a skybridge to Trafalgar Place. It is also located directly between other malls in the shopping precinct, including the Wellington Centre (via Wellington Court or the Bank Arcade, anchored by a Woolworths) and Centrepoint Shopping Centre.

## History

The arcade's name is the legacy of the 1817 alley (now called Elizabeth Lane), where at Wellington Bridge over the Hobart Rivulet an inn flagged by a painting of a yellow cat and fiddle (The Cat and Fiddle) was situated until the 1830s (between Charles Davis' ironmongery and John Watt Beattie's photography studio). Into the 1860s the Cat and Fiddle Alley retained a notoriety as a characterfully rough and unsanitary, but central locale. The arrangement of the arcade still follows the path of the underground Rivulet.

The 1962 opening was attended by Alderman Basil Osborne and the ABC Orchestra. The hardware department store Charles Davis Limited operated from 1847 to 1984 (and later acquired nearby FitzGerald's Department Stores in 1981, both now Harris Scarfe) at the site, and the business pursued its redevelopment inspired by other modern malls such as Chadstone Shopping Centre in Melbourne which opened two years prior. After 1973 the name is used by Cat & Fiddle Press, a reference to WE Fuller's Bookshop and J Walch & Sons which had at various times been based nearby.

Major floods have affected the mall, including in 1929, 1947 and most recently in 2018. It received upgrades during 2010 to 2015, but during reconstruction works for the ICON Centre in 2016 (following the 2007 Myer fire), part of the Rivulet retaining wall collapsed beneath some arcade tenancies.

## InfoBox

Cat and Fiddle Arcade
| The Cat and Fiddle clock. A cow jumps over the moon | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Hobart City Centre, Australia |
| Coordinates | 42°52′55″S 147°19′37″E / 42.88194°S 147.32694°E / -42.88194; 147.32694 |
| Opening date | 31 July 1962 |
| Developer | Charles Davis Limited (from 1959, designed by Philp Lighton, Floyd and Beattie with planning by Hartley Wilson and Dirk Bolt). Gerard O'Brien (since 2010) |
| Management | Silverleaf Investments Pty Ltd |
| No. of stores and services | 70 |
| No. of anchor tenants | 2 |
| No. of floors | 2 |
| Parking | 1700 (Centrepoint and Hobart Central) |
| Website | www.catandfiddlearcade.com |


title: Lai Lok Yin

abstract: Lai Lok Yin is a former Hong Kong professional footballer who played as a winger.

text:
# Lai Lok Yin

**Lai Lok Yin** (Chinese: 黎洛賢; born 20 July 1995 in Hong Kong) is a former Hong Kong professional footballer who played as a winger.

## Club career

In 2015, Lai joined Dreams Metro Gallery.

On 5 December 2015, Lai scored his first goal for Metro Gallery against Wong Tai Sin in a 2–0 victory.

Following the announcement of Metro Gallery's hiatus, Lai became a free agent. He joined Pegasus at the conclusion of his contract on 30 June 2016. On 11 June 2017, HK Pegasus chairperson Canny Leung revealed that Lai would be leaving the club.

He was not out of work for long as two weeks later, Lai signed with Rangers.

## InfoBox

Lai Lok Yin
|  | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Lai Lok Yin | | |
| Date of birth | (1995-07-20) 20 July 1995 | | |
| Place of birth | Hong Kong | | |
| Height | 1.66 m (5 ft 5 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Winger | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2006-08 | Dunstable Town | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2008–11 | Central & Western |  |  |
| 2011–2012 | Double Flower |  |  |
| 2012–2015 | Sun Source |  |  |
| 2015–2016 | Dreams Metro Gallery | 14 | (0) |
| 2016–2017 | Pegasus | 9 | (1) |
| 2017–2019 | Rangers (HKG) | 42 | (7) |
| 2019–2020 | Metro Gallery | 11 | (3) |
| 2020–2021 | North Districty | 1 | (2) |
| International career | | | |
|  | Hong Kong U–20 | 7 | (6) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 8 December 2019 | | | |


title: Diamonds and Pearls (film)

abstract: Diamonds and Pearls is a 1917 American silent drama film directed by George Archainbaud and starring Kitty Gordon, Milton Sills, and George MacQuarrie.

text:
# Diamonds and Pearls (film)

***Diamonds and Pearls*** is a 1917 American silent drama film directed by George Archainbaud and starring Kitty Gordon, Milton Sills, and George MacQuarrie.

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Parish, James Robert; Pitts, Michael R. (1974). *Film Directors: A Guide to Their American Films*. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-0752-5.

## InfoBox

| Diamonds and Pearls | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | George Archainbaud |
| Written by | Adeline Leitzbach |
| Produced by | William A. Brady |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Philip Hatkin |
| Production<br>company | Peerless Productions |
| Distributed by | World Film |
| Release date | * December 31, 1917 (1917-12-31) |
| Running time | 5 reels |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | * Silent * English intertitles |


abstract: The 1906–07 Army Cadets men's basketball team represented United States Military Academy during the 1906–07 college men's basketball season. The head coach was Harry Fisher, coaching his first season with the cadets. The team captain was Lewis Rockwell.

text:
# 1906–07 Army Cadets men's basketball team

The **1906–07 Army Cadets men's basketball team** represented United States Military Academy during the 1906–07 college men's basketball season. The head coach was Harry Fisher, coaching his first season with the cadets. The team captain was Lewis Rockwell.

## Schedule

| Date
time, TV | Opponent | Result | Record | Site
city, state |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
 | Pratt Institute | **W** 35–33 | 1–0
 |
West Point, NY |
|
 | Manhattan | **W** 57–20 | 2–0
 |
West Point, NY |
|
 | Brooklyn Poly. Inst. | **W** 42–20 | 3–0
 |
West Point, NY |
|
 | Stevens Institute | **W** 80–10 | 4–0
 |
West Point, NY |
|
 | Princeton | **L** 27–29 | 4–1
 |
West Point, NY |
|
 | Columbia | **L** 13–34 | 4–2
 |
West Point, NY |
|
 | Colgate | **L** 19–27 | 4–3
 |
West Point, NY |
|
 | Mass. Inst. Tech. | **W** 19–13 | 5–3
 |
West Point, NY |
|
 | C.C.N.Y. | **L** 23–28 | 5–4
 |
West Point, NY |
| 2/15/1907
 | Penn State | **W** 32–16 | 6–4
 |
West Point, NY |
|
 | Fordham | **W** 30–15 | 7–4
 |
West Point, NY |
|
 | Lehigh | **L** 24–26 | 7–5
 |
West Point, NY |
|
 | Troy Institute Tech. | **W** 54–19 | 8–5
 |
West Point, NY |
|
 | Trinity | **W** 39–24 | 9–5
 |
West Point, NY |
| *Non-conference game. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1906–07 Army Cadets men's basketball | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conference | Independent |
| Record | 9–5 |
| Head coach |  |
| Captain | Lewis Rockwell (1st year) |
|


title: Saranist

abstract: Saranist is a former village in the Kotayk Province of Armenia.

text:
# Saranist

40°12′46″N 44°47′06″E / 40.21278°N 44.78500°E / 40.21278; 44.78500

**Saranist** (also, **Saramist** and **Tutiya**) is a former village in the Kotayk Province of Armenia.

## InfoBox

| Saranist | |
| --- | --- |
| Saranist | |
| Coordinates: 40°12′46″N 44°47′06″E / 40.21278°N 44.78500°E / 40.21278; 44.78500 | |
| Country | Armenia |
| Marz (Province) | Kotayk |
| Time zone | UTC+4 ( ) |


title: Chapman Guitars

abstract: Chapman Guitars is a guitar company established in 2009 by Rob Chapman, a guitarist known for his video uploads on YouTube. The company designs its guitars "collaboratively", with the design, features, and specs of new models selected by public votes in online polls on their website.

text:
# Chapman Guitars

**Chapman Guitars** is a guitar company established in 2009 by Rob Chapman, a guitarist known for his video uploads on YouTube. The company designs its guitars "collaboratively", with the design, features, and specs of new models selected by public votes in online polls on their website.

## History

The ML-2 was limited to 250 pieces.

The ML-1 featured a solid mahogany Fender Stratocaster-style body, a maple neck and an ebony fingerboard. The ML-1's body and distinctive reverse-style head-stock had a simple, satin black finish. The ML-1 was priced for the entry level market when it initially retailed for £299, the second batch price reduced to £199.

## InfoBox

Chapman Guitars
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Musical instrument |
| Founded | 2009 |
| Founder | Rob Chapman |
| Headquarters | United Kingdom |
| Key people | Rob Chapman, Lee Anderton, Matt Hornby |
| Products |  |
| Website | chapmanguitars.com |


title: Seven Feathers Event Center

abstract: Seven Feathers Event Center is a 4,200-seat multi-purpose arena in Central Point, Oregon, United States, on the grounds of Jackson County Fairgrounds. It hosts local concerts and sporting events and was the home arena for the Southern Oregon Heat of the National Indoor Football League in 2001, affectionately called "The Inferno". On July 3, 2015, it was announced that the Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians had signed a three-year, $240,000 naming rights deal, naming the event center after its Seven Feathers Casino Resort in Canyonville.

text:
# Seven Feathers Event Center

**Seven Feathers Event Center** (formerly **Compton Arena**) is a 4,200-seat multi-purpose arena in Central Point, Oregon, United States, on the grounds of Jackson County Fairgrounds. It hosts local concerts and sporting events and was the home arena for the Southern Oregon Heat of the National Indoor Football League in 2001, affectionately called "The Inferno".

On July 3, 2015, it was announced that the Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians had signed a three-year, $240,000 naming rights deal, naming the event center after its Seven Feathers Casino Resort in Canyonville.

## InfoBox

Seven Feathers Event Center
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Seven Feathers Event Center |
| Former names | Compton Arena |
| Address | 1 Penninger Road |
| Location | Central Point, Oregon |
| Coordinates | 42°23′11″N 122°54′40″W / 42.3864°N 122.9112°W / 42.3864; -122.9112 |
| Owner | Jackson County Exposition Park & Fairgrounds |
| Operator | City of Central Point |
| Capacity | 4,200 (rodeo and indoor football) |
| Tenants | |
| Southern Oregon Heat (NIFL) (2001)<br>Wild Rogue Pro Rodeo | |
| Website | |
| www.attheexpo.com | |


title: Raymond Jenkins

abstract: Raymond Gordon Finney Jenkins was an Irish Anglican priest: he was Archdeacon of Dublin from 1961 to 1974.

text:
# Raymond Jenkins

**Raymond Gordon Finney Jenkins** (26 September 1898 – 16 January 1998) was an Irish Anglican priest: he was Archdeacon of Dublin from 1961 to 1974.

## Birth, education, and training

Jenkins was born in 1898, and following his school career entered the banking profession, with the Royal Bank of Ireland.

Following a lengthy banking career, Jenkins entered Trinity College, Dublin (TCD), as a mature student. He subsequently enrolled at the Divinity Hostel of the Church of Ireland (attached to TCD) and completed professional training for ordination. He was ordained as a deacon in 1930, and as a priest (aged 32) in 1931, followed by training curacies at two Dublin churches.

## Church career

Jenkins occupied a number of prominent roles in Church life in and around Dublin. Owing to the nature of his work, and of the Church community, many of these appointments overlapped, and there were many times when he held more than one appointment.

In 1935 he returned to his old college, occupying a number of roles including Dean of Residence, and Warden of the Divinity Hostel (1935 – 1949), and college Lecturer (1939 – 1970).

In 1939 he was appointed Rector (parish priest) of All Saints Church, Grangegorman, one of three leading churches of the Anglican Tractarian movement in Dublin. He served in this post for over thirty-five years, retiring in 1976. During the same period (1939 – 1976) he also served as Chaplain of St. Brendan's Hospital, Dublin, a psychiatric facility.

He also had a long and notable period on the staff of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, the national cathedral of the Church of Ireland. He served as Canon Treasurer from 1952 to 1962, and then as Canon Chancellor from 1962 to 1976.

He was additionally appointed Archdeacon of Dublin by the Archbishop of Dublin, in 1961. He held this post until 1974.

## Retirement and death

Jenkins retired from all appointments in 1976 (at the age of 78). He died in 1998 (aged 99).

1. Ireland Anglican
2. *Crockford's Clerical Directory 1975-76* p London: Oxford University Press, 1976 ISBN 0-19-200008-X
3. "Archdeacon dies at age of 99". Dublin: The Irish Times. 17 January 1998. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
4. "The Ven Raymond Gordon Finney JENKINS (deceased)". Crockford's Clerical Directory. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
5. St Bartholomew, Dublin
6. Comerford, Patrick (2011). "With All the Saints in a parish church and in the cathedral". Patrick Comerford. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
7. Papers, correspondence, printed materials and photographs relating to the setting up of, and administration of, the Church of Ireland Divinity Hostel RCB Dublin.


title: Cat and Fiddle Road

abstract: The Cat and Fiddle is a road in England between Buxton, Derbyshire and Macclesfield, Cheshire, named after the Cat and Fiddle Inn public house at its summit. Formed by parts of the A537, A54 and A53, it is famous for its scenic views across the Greater Manchester conurbation, the Peak District National Park and the Cheshire Plain, and for its many bends. It is extremely popular with motorcyclists, and is often classed as the most dangerous road in the United Kingdom.

text:
# Cat and Fiddle Road

The **Cat and Fiddle** is a road in England between Buxton, Derbyshire and Macclesfield, Cheshire, named after the Cat and Fiddle Inn public house at its summit. Formed by parts of the A537, A54 and A53, it is famous for its scenic views across the Greater Manchester conurbation, the Peak District National Park and the Cheshire Plain, and for its many bends. It is extremely popular with motorcyclists, and is often classed as the most dangerous road in the United Kingdom.

## Route

The road takes its name from the Cat and Fiddle Inn which is at an elevation of 1,690 feet (520 m). The road can be considered to start in Buxton at the junction of the A53 and A5004 Long Hill road just north of the Buxton Opera House. It follows the A53 through the western outskirts of Buxton until a right turn onto the A54 at Ladmanlow. It then climbs in a series of sharp bends onto the flat moorland of Goyt's Moss, where it runs as the A537 in a fairly straight line until it reaches the Cat and Fiddle Inn (which closed in late 2016 and reopened as a distillery and bottle shop in 2020). From the inn, it descends to Macclesfield via a continuous series of sharp, and often blind, bends.

## Usage

It is one of only two roads into Macclesfield from the east and thus carries long-distance as well as local traffic, including heavy goods vehicles. It also carries tourist traffic into the Peak District National Park, including cyclists and walkers. It is part of the "Cat and Fiddle – Long HillHighwayman" triangle, which is particularly attractive to motorcyclists because of the frequency and severity of the bends. Given this mixture of usage, the number and sharpness of the bends and the frequent straying livestock on the road, a great deal of caution is needed. Bad winter weather can make the road even more hazardous.

The Cat and Fiddle Road was used as part of the route of the third stage of the 2016 Tour of Britain from Congleton to Tatton Park, forming the longest and highest climb of that year's race.

## Road safety initiatives

A 2016 report indicates that between 2007 and 2011, there were 44 serious or fatal crashes on the 7.5 mile stretch. Between 2002 and 2006, there were 35. The report states that the safety issue is caused by "severe bends, steep falls from the carriageway and edged by dry-stone walls for almost the entirety of the road".

As a result, the speed limit on the section between Macclesfield and the Cat and Fiddle Inn was reduced to 50 mph (80 km/h) from the national 60 mph (97 km/h) limit. The road is regularly patrolled by unmarked police cars and motorcycles and a mobile speed camera van is used most weekends during the summer. A police aircraft is often used in conjunction with these to enforce the speed limit.

The road was named as the UK's most dangerous in a 2008 survey. The single-carriageway route was the location of 21 fatal and serious crashes and was rated in the EuroRAP report as Black, the highest risk rating. This was in spite of a number of countermeasures installed by the road authority, including motorcycle-friendly barriers. The Foundation attributed this high number of accidents to road user behaviour; indeed, when motorcycle-related collisions are removed from the results the road became one of the safest in the country.

Cheshire County Council also pointed the finger at motorcyclists' behaviour:

> "The fact is that it’s an attractive road to motorcyclists – they see it as a challenge to ride with its hairpin bends, limited views, downhill descent and uphill ascent. The thing that angers us most is not the fact that it’s dangerous, but that there are a group of people on that road who knowingly push the boundaries. We have tried to get the message across, that it is the emergency services that have to pick these people up off the road and have the duty of telling their families that they have killed themselves."

Having already spent £500,000 on a number of safety measures (including reducing the speed limit, installing high-friction surfacing, barriers and signs, widening the carriageway and using mobile speed cameras), in January 2009 it was revealed that Cheshire Council, on behalf of Cheshire Safer Roads Partnership and Derbyshire Partnership for Road Safety, intended to spend a further £1.2 million on installing average-speed cameras along this road. Installation of these cameras began in February 2010. However, the initial operation of the cameras did not go smoothly, because along the full route of the cameras' operation there are a number of shortcuts which have the full national speed (60 mph) and decrease the overall distance of the route. These two factors, when combined, can give inaccurate readings from the speed cameras. The average-speed camera scheme is a joint initiative between the Cheshire Safer Roads Partnership (including Cheshire East Council), Lee Murphy, Cheshire Safer Roads Partnership manager, said: "Major resources have been committed to the Cat and Fiddle road since 2000, including reducing the speed limit, high-friction surfacing, high-visibility warning signs, red warnings painted on the road, motorcycle-friendly safety barriers, enforcement signs, carriageway widening, mobile safety cameras and police operations. Even without police costs, we estimate that more than £500,000 has been spent on the road in Cheshire alone. Despite all this work, casualties remain high."

Of the 264 casualties on the road since 2001, approximately 70% of those killed or seriously injured were motorcyclists, the main causes being poor cornering/manoeuvring, exceeding the speed limit and failing to judge another vehicle’s speed/distance. "The information and statistics show that it is riding behaviour not the road condition that causes the majority of collisions. We don’t have a problem with other road users not seeing bikes, because the majority of collisions are single vehicles," added Murphy.

The Cat and Fiddle again topped the list in the 2010 report, which claimed that fatalities on the road rose from 15 in the three years to 2005 to 34 between 2006 and 2008. However, following the introduction of further safety measures including improved road barriers, a 50mph speed limit and the installation of average speed cameras, the road dropped out of the Foundation's top ten list in 2015.

1. "GPS coordinates of Cat and Fiddle Inn, United Kingdom. Latitude: 53.2388 Longitude: -1.9914". *Latitude.to, maps, geolocated articles, latitude longitude coordinate conversion*. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
2. Dodds, Jonathan (6 September 2016). "Olympic trio to tackle Cat and Fiddle climb in Tour of Britain". *Buxton Advertiser*. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
3. A537 Road (Cat and Fiddle)
4. "EURORAP 2008: GB TRACKING SURVEY RESULTS" (PDF). European Road Assessment Programme. 30 June 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 February 2012. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
5. "Britain's persistently higher-risk roads (2001–2003 & 2004–2006)" (PDF). European Road Assessment Programme. 27 June 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 February 2012. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
6. McDowall, Rhiannon (2 July 2008). "Finger points at the bikers". *Macclesfield Express*. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
7. "Shock safety campaign". *Manchester Evening News*. 26 February 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
8. "Cat and Fiddle camera plea". *Manchester Evening News*. 19 April 2010. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
9. "Speed cameras for dangerous Cat and Fiddle road". BBC News. 15 February 2010. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
10. Farrell, Steve (25 April 2010). "The £800,000 speed camera cock-up". motorcyclenews.com. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
11. "Average speed cameras to be installed along Cat & Fiddle". Cheshire Safer Roads Partnership. 2011. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
12. "Popular bike road is UK's most dangerous". Insidebikes. 30 June 2010. Archived from the original on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
13. "A537 Cat & Fiddle drops out of top ten in Britain's 'most dangerous' roads list". *Buxton Advertiser*. 31 March 2015. Archived from the original on 14 April 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2015.

53°14′39″N 2°00′00″W / 53.24412°N 1.99996°W / 53.24412; -1.99996


title: Scotinella dixiana

abstract: Scotinella dixiana is a species of phrurolithid spider first described in 1957 from specimens collected at Greensburg, Louisiana in 1936. They are small spiders, the females being under 1/10th inch in length. The females have a dark yellowish brown carapace with faint black radiating streaks and a narrow marginal black seam, and a dusky abdomen marked with a broad transverse band near the middle, two pale spots near the base and four narrow pale chevrons in the caudal half. The male's coloration is similar to that of the female, with a shining brown scutum marked by a single broad pale stripe near the middle. The species closely resembles Scotinella redemptus but is smaller. Some scientific classification schemes place the species in the family Corinnidae.

text:
# Scotinella dixiana

***Scotinella dixiana*** is a species of phrurolithid spider first described in 1957 from specimens collected at Greensburg, Louisiana in 1936. They are small spiders, the females being under 1/10th inch in length. The females have a dark yellowish brown carapace with faint black radiating streaks and a narrow marginal black seam, and a dusky abdomen marked with a broad transverse band near the middle, two pale spots near the base and four narrow pale chevrons in the caudal half. The male's coloration is similar to that of the female, with a shining brown scutum marked by a single broad pale stripe near the middle. The species closely resembles *Scotinella redemptus* but is smaller. Some scientific classification schemes place the species in the family Corinnidae.

## InfoBox

| *Scotinella dixiana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Phrurolithidae |
| Genus: | *Scotinella* |
| Species: | ***S. dixiana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Scotinella dixiana***<br>Roddy, 1957 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Phrurolithus dixianus* Brignoli, 1983 | |


title: John Hungerford (c. 1560 – 1636)

abstract: John Hungerford was an English MP. He was the eldest of Walter Hungerford of Cadenham manor, Foxham, Wiltshire and his wife Frances, daughter of John Cock of Broxbourne, Hertfordshire. He was admitted to the Inner Temple in 1580. He was elected MP for the constituency of Wootton Bassett through four successive parliaments between 1584 and 1593. In 1604 he was chosen to represent Chippenham, following a Court of Chancery case that had decided in favour of the town's freemen. He was a Justice of the Peace for Wiltshire by 1594 and was appointed sheriff for 1605–06. He married Elizabeth, the daughter of Sir Thomas Estcourt of Shipton Moyne, Gloucestershire around 1596. In 1623 they had 5 sons and 3 daughters. His heir Edward was the father of George Hungerford (MP) and his daughter Frances married Francis Keate of East Lockinge, Berkshire. He died 29th March 1636 at Cadenham, leaving more than 1,500 acres of land in Wiltshire and Berkshire to his heir.

text:
# John Hungerford (c. 1560 – 1636)

**John Hungerford** (ca. 1560 – 1636) was an English MP.

He was the eldest of Walter Hungerford of Cadenham manor, Foxham, Wiltshire and his wife Frances, daughter of John Cock of Broxbourne, Hertfordshire. He was admitted to the Inner Temple in 1580.

He was elected MP for the constituency of Wootton Bassett through four successive parliaments between 1584 and 1593. In 1604 he was chosen to represent Chippenham, following a Court of Chancery case that had decided in favour of the town's freemen.

He was a Justice of the Peace for Wiltshire by 1594 and was appointed sheriff for 1605–06.

He married Elizabeth (d. 1650), the daughter of Sir Thomas Estcourt of Shipton Moyne, Gloucestershire around 1596. In 1623 they had 5 sons and 3 daughters. His heir Edward was the father of George Hungerford (MP) and his daughter Frances married Francis Keate of East Lockinge, Berkshire.

He died 29th March 1636 at Cadenham, leaving more than 1,500 acres of land in Wiltshire and Berkshire to his heir.


title: The Desperate Game

abstract: The Desperate Game is a 1926 American silent Western film directed by Joseph Franz and Milburn Morante. It stars Pete Morrison, Lew Meehan, and Bert Lindley.

text:
# The Desperate Game

***The Desperate Game*** is a 1926 American silent Western film directed by Joseph Franz and Milburn Morante. It stars Pete Morrison, Lew Meehan, and Bert Lindley.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| The Desperate Game | |
| --- | --- |
| Lobby card | |
| Directed by |  |
| Written by | * George Elwood Jenks * Frank S. Beresford |
| Produced by | Carl Laemmle |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | William Thornley |
| Production
company | Universal Pictures |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
| Release date | * February 14, 1926 (1926-02-14) |
| Running time | 51 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Silent
English intertitles |


title: Danville High School (Alabama)

abstract: Danville High School is a public secondary school located in Danville, Alabama, United States; it is part of the Morgan County school system. Its student body consists primarily of the following ethnicities: white, black, and Hispanic.

text:
# Danville High School (Alabama)

34°24′58″N 87°05′42″W / 34.416°N 87.095°W / 34.416; -87.095

**Danville High School** is a public secondary school located in Danville, Alabama, United States; it is part of the Morgan County school system. Its student body consists primarily of the following ethnicities: white, black, and Hispanic.

## Athletics

Danville High School offers an interscholastic athletics program with numerous sports including baseball, basketball, football, golf, soccer, softball, and volleyball.

Football first began competing in 1976, and currently competes in region 3A-R7. The Hawks have won region championships four times including 1983, 1991, 1994, and 1995. The Hawks current head coach is Andro Williams and play in Smith-Owens Stadium.

Basketball started in 1929, the Hawks have won two state titles in basketball in 1962-63 have reached the state final four 3 more times 1992-93 and 2005. The Hawks are currently coached by Ben Mastin and play in Wayne Bowling Gymnasium.

## InfoBox

| Danville High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 9235 Danville Road
Danville, Alabama 35619
United States | |
| Information | |
| Type | Public |
| Status | 3A |
| School board | Morgan County |
| School district | Morgan County Schools |
| CEEB code | 010830 |
| Principal | Marty Chambers |
| Staff | 20.50 (FTE) |
| Grades | 9-12 |
| Enrollment | 355 (2022–2023) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 17.32 |
| Education system | Morgan County Board of Education |
| Classes offered | English, AP English, Honors English, Twelfth Grade English, World History II, US History I, US History II, Algebra I, Algebra II, Pre-Calculus, Calculus BC, Biology, Advanced Biology, Advanced Chemistry, Psychology, Advanced Anatomy, Physical Science, Sociology, Weightlifting, Spanish I, Spanish II |
| Color(s) | Purple, black, white
 |
| Sports | Cross Country, Football, Basketball, Swim, Baseball, Track, Softball, Soccer, Volleyball and Golf |
| Mascot | Hawks |
| Publication | Danville High News Publication |
| Yearbook | *Danville High School Yearbook* |
| Website | morgank12.org/.. |


title: Santino Spinelli

abstract: Santino Spinelli is an Italian Romani musician, composer and teacher.

text:
# Santino Spinelli

**Santino Spinelli** (born 21 July 1964) is an Italian Romani musician, composer and teacher.

## Biography

Spinelli, known professionally as Alexian, is the youngest of six children, the only brother among five sisters. He was born in Pietrasanta, in the province of Lucca, on July 21, 1964, the son of Gennaro and Giulia Spinelli. However, it was in Lanciano, in the province of Chieti, where he began his early studies. He attended the State Trade Institute P. De Giorgio and earned two degrees from the University of Bologna, the first in Foreign Languages and Literature and the second in Musicology. He has been Professor of the Romani Language and Culture at the University of Chieti since 2008.

Spinelli is the founder and president of the cultural association Thèm Romano (Romani World). In 2001 he was elected sole representative for Italy at the parliament of the International Romani Union (IRU), a nongovernmental organization based in Latvia and active in the field of Roma people's rights. In 2002 Spinelli taught the Romani language and culture at the University of Trieste, and later at the Polytechnic University of Turin. In 2003 the IRU Parliament appointed him Ambassador of Romani Culture and Art throughout the world, and in 2007 he was appointed Vice President of the IRU. He is the national president of the federation FederArteRom and UCRI spokesman.

Spinelli's poem "Auschwitz" is engraved on a memorial to the Sinti and Roma people killed during the Nazi period. The memorial is near the Bundestag in Berlin. He had a similar memorial built in Lanciano, in the piazzale Edith Stein. It was sculpted from Majella stone by sculptor Tonino Santeusanio.

In 2010 he published the "Carovana Romanì" for accordion, ensemble and orchestra through Ut Orpheus of Bologna. The collection contains scores composed by Spinelli that were performed at the seat of the Council of Europe in Strasbourg and the Council of the European Union in Brussels. On June 2, 2012, he sang the *Murdevele* (the "Lord's Prayer" in the Romani language) in Milan for Pope Benedict XVI on the occasion of the World Meeting of Families. On 26 October 2015, with the Alexian Group, he performed several of his compositions, including *Murdevele*, for Pope Francis.

On April 18, 2016, Mayor Ing. Gianfranco Lopane of Taranto conferred honorary citizenship on Spinelli. In May 2018 he was awarded the silver medal and the Diploma of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George on the occasion of the tricentenary of the Ecclesiastical Bull of Pope Clement XI.

On February 4, 2020, President Mattarella awarded him the honor of Commander of the Order Merit of the Italian Republic.

## Publications

Poems

* Gilì Romanì (Canto Rom), Lacio Drom (Roma, 1988)
* Romanipé (Identità romanì), Solfanelli (Chieti, 1993)
* O Romano Gi! (l'Anima Rom), Edizioni Romanì (Roma, 2011)
* Gili tro gi (Canto dell'anima) Edizioni Tracce (Pescara, 2015)

Essays and other writings

* Prin©karang - Conosciamoci, incontro con la tradizione dei Rom Abruzzesi (Editrice Italica, Pescara 1994)
* Baxtaló Divès (Collezione Interface, Centro di Ricerche zingare dell'Università di Parigi, Consiglio d'Europa, 2002)
* Baro Romano Drom - la Lunga strada dei Rom, Sinti, Kalé, Manouches e Romanichals (Meltemi editore, Roma 2003)
* "Carovana Romanì" (accordion solo score) - Ut Orpheus, Bologna, 2010
* "Carovana Romanì" (ensemble score) - Ut Orpheus, Bologna, 2010
* "Carovana Romanì" (orchestral score) - Ut Orpheus, Bologna, 2010
* *Rom, Genti Libere* \- with a preface by Moni Ovadia, Dalai Editore, Milano, 2012
* Romanò Bravalipé, the heritage of a people (2012)
* *Rom, Questi Sconosciuti* \- with a preface by Moni Ovadia, Mimesis Edizioni, Milano, 2016
* Una Comunità da Conoscere con prefazione di Pino Nicotri (D'Abruzzo edizioni Menabò, Ortona, 2018)
* Le verità negate con prefazione di Paola Severini Melograni (Mimesis Edizioni, Milano, 2021)

Discography

* Iperfisa (City Record, Milano 1986)
* Jilò Romanò/Speranza (City Record, Milano 1988)
* Soft Jazz Fisa (City Record, Milano 1990)
* Gilì Romanì (City Record, Milano 1991)
* Gijem Gijem (Al Sur Mediaset, Francia 1996) (in allegato un libretto in italiano, inglese, francese, romaní su storia, musica e tradizioni del popolo Rom)
* 'orizzonte e la memoria (Santarcangelo dei Teatri, 1999)
* Putraddipé (Regione Abruzzo, Pescara 2000)
* Tsigane (SonoDisc, 2000)
* Dromos (Associazione Dromos, 2001)
* Romano Drom - Carovana romaní (Ethnoworld, Milano 2002)
* Mille Papaveri Rossi (Editrice A, 2003)
* Khamoro (Studio Production SAGA)
* Parovibbé/Metamorfosi (Ethnoworld, 2004)
* So me sinom/Ciò che sono (Ethnoworld, 2004)
* Tribù Italiche: Abruzzo (Edizioni EDT, World Music)
* Sulla Memoria (Audiocoop)
* Uno specchio per Alice (Colonna sonora, 2006)
* Andrè mirò Romano Gi, viaggio nella mia anima Rom (Ass. Thèm Romanó e Provincia dell'Aquila)
* Romano Thèm - Orizzonti Rom (CNI - Compagnia Nuove Indie, 2007)
* Me pase ko Murdevele - Io ac-Canto a Dio (CNI - Compagnia Nuove Indie, 2008)
* CD Porrajmos, parole in musica di F. Parente, M. Parisini, L. Ricciardi, 2010)
* Romano Simcha, La festa ebraico-rom (CNI - Compagnia Nuove Indie, 2021

Filmography

* La guerra degli Antò, di Riccardo Milani (Cecchi Gori Film, 1999)
* Storie Romane/Giravolte, di Carola Spadoni (Boccoa Film, 2000)
* Fiori di Campo, di Carlo Rota (2002)
* Baro Romanò Drom, di Gioia Meloni (Rai, 2003)
* Uno specchio per Alice, di Gianni Di Claudio (2006)
* Il Giudizio Universale, di Luca Kerstic (2006)
* Il Diavolo inventò la vanga, di Gianni Di Claudio (2007)
* Porrajmos, parole in musica, di F. Parente, M. Parisini, L. Ricciardi (2010)
* Romanistan, di L. Vitone (2019)

Theatre

* Duj Furàt Mulò (Due volte morto), dramma teatrale (Drammateatro, Popoli 1995)
* Diversamente…Orgia di Pier Paolo Pasolini, a cura di Sivio Sarta (2005)


title: Carménère

abstract: The Carménère grape is a wine grape variety originally planted in the Médoc region of Bordeaux, France, where it was used to produce deep red wines and occasionally used for blending purposes in the same manner as Petit Verdot. A member of the Cabernet family of grapes, the name "Carménère" originates from the French word for crimson (carmin) which refers to the brilliant crimson colour of the autumn foliage before leaf-fall. The grape is also known as Grande Vidure, a historic Bordeaux synonym, although current European Union regulations prohibit imports under this name into the European Union. Along with Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Malbec and Petit Verdot, Carménère is considered one of the original six red grapes of Bordeaux. Now rarely found in France, the world's largest area planted with this variety is in Chile, with more than 8,800 hectares (2009) cultivated in the Central Valley. As such, Chile produces the vast majority of Carménère wines available today and as the Chilean wine industry grows, more experimentation is being carried out on Carménère's potential as a blending grape, especially with Cabernet Sauvignon. It is considered the emblematic strain of Chilean wine. Carménère is also grown in Italy's Eastern Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia regions, in Argentina, and in smaller quantities in California and Walla Walla in the United States.

text:
# Carménère

The **Carménère** grape is a wine grape variety originally planted in the Médoc region of Bordeaux, France, where it was used to produce deep red wines and occasionally used for blending purposes in the same manner as Petit Verdot.

A member of the Cabernet family of grapes, the name "Carménère" originates from the French word for crimson (*carmin*) which refers to the brilliant crimson colour of the autumn foliage before leaf-fall. The grape is also known as ***Grande Vidure***, a historic Bordeaux synonym, although current European Union regulations prohibit imports under this name into the European Union. Along with Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Malbec and Petit Verdot, Carménère is considered one of the original six red grapes of Bordeaux.

Now rarely found in France, the world's largest area planted with this variety is in Chile, with more than 8,800 hectares (2009) cultivated in the Central Valley. As such, Chile produces the vast majority of Carménère wines available today and as the Chilean wine industry grows, more experimentation is being carried out on Carménère's potential as a blending grape, especially with Cabernet Sauvignon. It is considered the emblematic strain of Chilean wine.

Carménère is also grown in Italy's Eastern Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia regions, in Argentina, and in smaller quantities in California and Walla Walla (Washington and Oregon) in the United States.

## History

One of the most ancient European varieties, Carménère is thought to be the antecedent of other better-known varieties; some consider the grape to be "a long-established clone of Cabernet Sauvignon". It is possible that the variety name is an alias for what is actually the Vidure, a local Bordeaux name for a Cabernet Sauvignon clone once thought to be the grape from which all red Bordeaux varieties originated.

There have also been suggestions that Carménère may be Biturica, a vine praised in ancient Rome and also the name by which the city of Bordeaux was known during that era. This ancient variety originated in Iberia (modern-day Spain and Portugal), according to Pliny the Elder; indeed, it is currently a popular blending variety with Sangiovese in Tuscany called "Predicato di Biturica"

The Carménère grape has known origins in the Médoc region of Bordeaux, France and was also widely planted in the Graves until the vines were struck with oidium. It is almost impossible to find Carménère wines in France today, as a phylloxera plague in 1867 nearly destroyed all the vineyards of Europe, afflicting the Carménère grapevines in particular such that for many years the grape was presumed extinct. When the vineyards were replanted, growers could not replant Carménère as it was extremely hard to find and more difficult to grow than other grape varieties common to Bordeaux. The region's damp, chilly spring weather gave rise to coulure, "a condition endemic to certain vines in climates which have marginal, sometimes cool, wet springs", which prevented the vine's buds from flowering. Yields were lower than other varieties and the crops were rarely healthy; consequently wine growers chose more versatile and less coulure-susceptible grapes when replanting the vines and Carménère planting was progressively abandoned.

## Countries

### Chile

Cuttings of Carménère were imported by Chilean growers from Bordeaux during the 19th century, where they were frequently confused with Merlot vines. They modeled their wineries after those in France and in the 1850s cuttings from Bordeaux, which included Carménère grape, were planted in the valleys around Santiago. Thanks to central Chile's minimal rainfall during the growing season and the protection of the country's natural boundaries, growers produced healthier crops of Carménère, and there was no spread of phylloxera. During most of the 20th century Carménère was inadvertently collected and processed together with Merlot grapes (probably reaching up to 50% of the total volume) giving Chilean Merlot markedly different properties from those of Merlot produced elsewhere. Chilean growers believed that this grape was a clone of Merlot and was known as *Merlot selection* or *Merlot Peumal* (after the Peumo Valley in Chile). In 1994, Carménère was re-discovered as a distinct varietal in Chile by French ampelographist Jean Boursiquot, a researcher at Montpellier's school of Oenology. The Chilean Department of Agriculture officially recognized Carménère as a distinct variety in 1998. Today, Carménère grows chiefly in the Colchagua Valley, Rapel Valley, and Maipo Province.

### Italy

A similar situation occurred in Italy when, in 1990, the Ca' del Bosco Winery acquired what they thought was Cabernet Franc vines from a French nursery. The growers noticed that the grapes were different from the traditional Cabernet Franc both in color and taste. They also noticed that the vines ripened earlier than Cabernet Franc would have. Other Italian wine regions also started to doubt the origin of these vines and it was finally established to be Carménère. Although, in Italy, the variety is grown mainly in the northeast part of the country from Brescia to Friuli, it has only recently been entered into Italy's national catalog of vine varieties and thus "no district has yet requested the authorization to use it". Therefore, the wine "cannot be cultivated with its original name or specific vintage and the name cannot be used to identify the wine on the label with an IGT, DOC or a DOCG status assignment". Ca' del Bosco Winery names the wine it produces *Carmenero*. In 2007 the grape was authorised to be used in Italian DOC wines from Veneto (Arcole, Bagnoli di Sopra, Cori Benedettine del Padovano, Garda, Merlara, Monti Lessini, Riviera del Brenta and Vicenza), Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Collio, or Collio Goriziano) and Sardinia (Alghero). Since a ministerial decree of 2009, producers of Piave DOC wines in 50 communes of the Province of Treviso, and 12 in the Province of Venice have been permitted where appropriate to specify the variety Carmenère on the wine label.

### Other regions

In modern-day France only a few hundred acres of Carménère officially exist, although there are rumors of renewed interest among growers in Bordeaux.

Carménère has also been established in Eastern Washington's Walla Walla Valley and in California, United States. In the 1980s, Karen Mulander-Magoon, the co-proprietor of Guenoc and Langtry Estates Winery, in California's Lake County, brought the grape to the vineyard. This was a joint effort with Louis Pierre Pradier, "a French research scientist and viticulturalist whose work involved preserving Carménère from extinction in France". Once the vines were quarantined and checked for diseases they were legalized for admission into California in the 1990s, where they were cloned and planted.

In Australia, three cuttings of Carménère were imported from Chile by renowned viticultural expert Dr Richard Smart in the late 1990s. After two years in quarantine, only one cutting survived the heat treatment to eliminate viruses and was micro-propagated (segments of individual buds grown on nutrient gel) and field grown by Narromine Vine Nursery. The first vines from the nursery were planted in 2002 by Amietta Vineyard and Winery in the Moorabool Valley (Geelong, Victoria) who use Carménère in their Angels' Share blend.

Carménère has also been established in small amounts in New Zealand. DNA testing confirmed in 2006 that plantings of Cabernet Franc in the Matakana region were in fact Carménère.

Lozärn Wines, situated on Doornbosch farm in the Robertson region of the Western Cape, is the champion of the Carménère grape variety in South Africa. Their first planting of a Carménère vineyard was in 2014. From this vineyard the first single-varietal Carménère was produced in South Africa. Lozärn Wines, owned by the Smuts family, produces both a single-varietal Carménère as well as a rosé Carménère. The estate launched their maiden vintage of the single-varietal Carménère in December 2017 with only 100 bottles, as well as a 100 per cent Carménère Rosé 2017. Lozärn has only half a hectare currently producing the red and rosé, and has another 1.8ha planted. South Africa has only 8.5ha planted of this lost child of Bordeaux.

## Viticulture

Carménère favors a long growing season in moderate to warm climates. During harvest time and the winter period the vine fares poorly if it is introduced to high levels of rain or irrigation water. This is particularly true in poor-soil plantings where the vine would need more water. Over-watering during this period accentuates the herbaceous and green pepper characteristics of the grape. The grape naturally develops high levels of sugar before the tannins achieve ripeness. If grown in too hot a climate the resulting wine will have a high alcohol level and low balance. Carménère buds and flowers three to seven days later than Merlot and the yield is lower than that of the latter grape. The Carménère leaves turn to crimson before dropping.

Carménère is produced in wineries either as a single-variety wine (sometimes called a varietal wine), or as a blend usually with Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet franc or Merlot.

## Distinction from Merlot

Genetic research has shown that Carménère may be distantly related to Merlot and the similarities in appearance have linked the two vines for centuries. Despite the similarities, there are some noticeable differences that aid the ampelographer in identifying the two vines. When young, Carménère leaves have a reddish hue underneath, while the leaves of Merlot are white. There are also slight differences in leaf shape with the central lobe of Merlot leaves being longer. Merlot ripens two to three weeks earlier than Carménère. In cases where the vineyards are interspersed with both varieties, the time of harvest is paramount in determining the character of the resulting blends. If Merlot grapes are picked when Carménère is fully ripe, they will be overripe and impart a "jammy" character. If the grapes are picked earlier when only the Merlot grapes have reached ripeness, the Carménère will have an aggressive green pepper flavor.

Thus, although different, Merlot and Carménère were often confused but never thought to be identical. Its distinctive differences meant the grape was called a "Merlot selection" or "Merlot Peumal", which was "a geographic reference to a valley south of Santiago where lots of Carménère was grown" before its true identity was established.

## Characteristics

Carménère wine has a deep red color and aromas found in red fruits, spices and berries. The tannins are gentler and softer than those in Cabernet Sauvignon and it is a medium body wine. As a result, many find it can be drunk easily with fish. Although mostly used as a blending grape, wineries do bottle a pure varietal Carménère which, when produced from grapes at optimal ripeness, imparts a cherry-like, fruity flavor with smoky, spicy and earthy notes and a deep crimson color. Its taste might also be reminiscent of dark chocolate, tobacco, and leather. The wine is best to drink while it is young.

## InfoBox

| Carménère | |
| --- | --- |
| Grape (*Vitis*) | |
| Carménère grapes | |
| Species | *Vitis vinifera* |
| Also called | Médoc: Grande Vidure, carméneyre, carmenelle, cabernelle, bouton blanc;<br>Graves: carbouet; carbonet |
| Origin | Bordeaux (France) |
| Original pedigree | Cabernet Franc × Gros Cabernet |
| Pedigree parent 1 | Cabernet Franc |
| Pedigree parent 2 | Gros Cabernet |
| Notable regions | Chile, Italy, Washington, California |
| VIVC number | 2109 |


title: Cator Park

abstract: Cator Park is a park in Kidbrooke, Greenwich. It has been won awards for placemaking, biodiversity, and landscape. It was resigned by HTA Design in collaboration with the London Wildlife Trust and opened to the public in 2019. The park is made up of multiple biophilic spaces including lakes, wetlands and ponds. It is a protected space for wetland birds. The park also includes sports facilities and a 3000m³ play space at the park most elevated point.

text:
# Cator Park

**Cator Park** is a park in Kidbrooke, Greenwich. It has been won awards for placemaking, biodiversity, and landscape.

It was resigned by HTA Design in collaboration with the London Wildlife Trust and opened to the public in 2019. The park is made up of multiple biophilic spaces including lakes, wetlands and ponds. It is a protected space for wetland birds. The park also includes sports facilities and a 3000m³ play space at the park most elevated point.

1. "Cator Park Tour, Kidbrooke Village - Outdoor Event in Kidbrooke, Greenwich". *Visit Greenwich*. Retrieved 2021-11-19.
2. "New London Awards 2020 Winners". *New London Architecture*. Retrieved 2021-11-19.
3. "HTA Design - Cator Park wins two Landscape Institute Awards". *www.hta.co.uk*. Retrieved 2021-11-19.
4. "HTA Design - Cator Park, Kidbrooke Village". *www.hta.co.uk*. Retrieved 2021-11-19.
5. "Kidbrooke Village Biodiversity Wins Sir David Attenborough Award". *Berkeley Group*. Retrieved 2021-11-19.
6. "Cator Park, Kidbrooke". Archived from the original on 2021-04-13.
7. Consultancy, Steve Pocock Revolution. "Cator Park, Bromley". *GoParksLondon*. Retrieved 2021-11-19.

## InfoBox

| Cator Park | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Kidbrooke Park Road, Kidbrooke, Greenwich, SE3 9FZ |
| Coordinates | 51°27′40″N 0°01′34″E / 51.461°N 0.026°E / 51.461; 0.026 |
| Area | 8 hectares (20 acres) |


title: Scotinella minnetonka

abstract: Scotinella minnetonka is a species of true spider in the family Phrurolithidae. It is found in the United States and Canada.

text:
# Scotinella minnetonka

***Scotinella minnetonka*** is a species of true spider in the family Phrurolithidae. It is found in the United States and Canada.

## InfoBox

| *Scotinella minnetonka* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Phrurolithidae |
| Genus: | *Scotinella* |
| Species: | ***S. minnetonka*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Scotinella minnetonka***<br>(Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1930) | |
|


title: Ramamālā Library

abstract: The Rāmamālā Library in Comilla, Bangladesh, is amongst the oldest still active traditional libraries in Bangladesh. It was founded in 1912 by the scholar and philanthropist Mahesh Chandra Bhattacharya (1858-1944), growing out of the earlier private library of the traditional Sanskrit school called the Īśvara Pāṭhaśālā Ṭol. After its founding, Dr Rashmohan Chakravarty and Mahesh Chandra Bhattacharya himself worked to expand its holdings. According to a recent article, "many of the manuscripts were donated by local families who gave up their household libraries on the eve of the British colonial period for the sake of preserving them." The Rāmamālā Library collection includes approximately 9,000 palm-leaf and paper manuscripts, mostly from the early modern period. The collection was established in order to promote education and preserve Bengali culture. It includes many manuscripts of scientific, legal, and other literature in Sanskrit, together with many regional works in Bengali and some works in Prakrit. The library encompasses not just Hindu works but also works related to a distinctive, regional variety of Islam. "The known contents of the library include works of literature, poetics, philosophy, grammar, medicine, astrology and theatre," notes Benjamin Fleming, "but despite early efforts by various scholars, the full scope of the collection remains unknown." There have been various efforts at preserving the library; a new initiative to make a list of its contents and digitally photograph some manuscripts began in 2014. The library has also played a significant role in the study of Sanskrit, not just collecting and preserving manuscripts, but also publishing Sanskrit books. It also become an important research centre in Religious Studies due to its collection of printed books on different faiths like Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam and Jainism.

text:
# Ramamālā Library

The **Rāmamālā Library** (or Ramamala Library; Rammala Library; Ramamala Granthagar) in Comilla, Bangladesh, is amongst the oldest still active traditional libraries in Bangladesh. It was founded in 1912 by the scholar and philanthropist Mahesh Chandra Bhattacharya (1858-1944), growing out of the earlier private library of the traditional Sanskrit school called the Īśvara Pāṭhaśālā Ṭol (or Iswar Pathsala Tol). After its founding, Dr Rashmohan Chakravarty and Mahesh Chandra Bhattacharya himself worked to expand its holdings. According to a recent article, "many of the manuscripts were donated by local families who gave up their household libraries on the eve of the British colonial period for the sake of preserving them."

The Rāmamālā Library collection includes approximately 9,000 palm-leaf and paper manuscripts, mostly from the early modern period (roughly 1700-1900 AD). The collection was established in order to promote education and preserve Bengali culture. It includes many manuscripts of scientific, legal, and other literature in Sanskrit, together with many regional works in Bengali (e.g., a rare recension of the Mahābhārata) and some works in Prakrit. The library encompasses not just Hindu works but also works related to a distinctive, regional variety of Islam (Satya Pir). "The known contents of the library include works of literature, poetics, philosophy, grammar, medicine, astrology and theatre," notes Benjamin Fleming, "but despite early efforts by various scholars, the full scope of the collection remains unknown." There have been various efforts at preserving the library; a new initiative to make a list of its contents and digitally photograph some manuscripts began in 2014.

The library has also played a significant role in the study of Sanskrit, not just collecting and preserving manuscripts, but also publishing Sanskrit books. It also become an important research centre in Religious Studies due to its collection of printed books on different faiths like Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam and Jainism.

23°27′27″N 91°10′51″E / 23.4574°N 91.1808°E / 23.4574; 91.1808


title: The Desperate Hero

abstract: The Desperate Hero is a 1920 American silent comedy film directed by Wesley Ruggles and starring Owen Moore, Gloria Hope, Emmett King.

text:
# The Desperate Hero

***The Desperate Hero*** is a 1920 American silent comedy film directed by Wesley Ruggles and starring Owen Moore, Gloria Hope, Emmett King.

## Plot

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Connelly, Robert B. *The Silents: Silent Feature Films, 1910-36, Volume 40, Issue 2*. December Press, 1998.
* Munden, Kenneth White. *The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Produced in the United States, Part 1*. University of California Press, 1997.

## InfoBox

| The Desperate Hero | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Wesley Ruggles |
| Written by | Zelda Crosby
Edgar Franklin |
| Produced by | Lewis J. Selznick |
| Starring | Owen Moore
Gloria Hope
Emmett King |
| Production
company | Selznick Pictures |
| Distributed by | Selznick Pictures |
| Release date | * June 7, 1920 (1920-06-07) |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Silent
English intertitles |


title: Danville High School (Arkansas)

abstract: Danville High School is a comprehensive public secondary school located in Danville, Arkansas, United States, for students in grades nine through twelve. Danville is the sole high school administered by the Danville School District. The boundary of the school district and that of the high school includes Danville and a portion of Corinth.

text:
# Danville High School (Arkansas)

**Danville High School** is a comprehensive public secondary school located in Danville, Arkansas, United States, for students in grades nine through twelve. Danville is the sole high school administered by the Danville School District.

The boundary of the school district and that of the high school includes Danville and a portion of Corinth.

## Curriculum

The assumed course of study for students is to complete the Smart Core curriculum developed by the Arkansas Department of Education (ADE), which requires students complete at least 22 units for graduation. Course offerings include regular and Advanced Placement classes and exams with opportunities for college credit via AP exam or via concurrent credit at University of Arkansas Community College at Morrilton (UACCM) and Arkansas Tech University (ATU). The school is accredited by the ADE.

### Fine Arts

Danville High was named by the Grammy Foundation as a *2005 Grammy Signature School Enterprise Award* school for their achievement in the arts and recognizes efforts made by schools that are economically underserved.

## Athletics

The Danville High School mascot and athletic emblem is known as the *Little Johns* with the school colors of green and white.

For the 2012–2014 seasons, the Danville Little Johns participate in the 3A Region 4 Conference. Competition is primarily sanctioned by the Arkansas Activities Association with student-athletes competing in football, basketball (boys/girls), competitive cheer, dance, golf (boys/girls), baseball, softball, tennis (boys/girls), and track and field (boys/girls).

The school mascot "Little Johns" is a rough English translation of the French words Petit Jean, words synonymous with the local legend of a heroic young French girl which also gives the name to a nearby river, mountain and Arkansas' first state park.

## Notable people

* Lloyd R. George, former Danville Mayor, served in the Arkansas House of Representatives from 1963 to 1967 and 1973–1997.

## InfoBox

| Danville High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 201 East 11th Street
Danville, Arkansas 72833
United States | |
| Coordinates | 35°3′3″N 93°23′14″W / 35.05083°N 93.38722°W / 35.05083; -93.38722 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public secondary |
| School district | Danville School District |
| NCES District ID | 0504890 |
| CEEB code | 040565 |
| NCES School ID | 050489000212 |
| Principal | Kim Foster |
| Faculty | 46.46 (on FTE basis) |
| Grades | 9-12 |
| Enrollment | 256 (2011–12) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 10.12 |
| Campus type | Rural |
| Color(s) | Green and white
 |
| Athletics conference | 3A Region 4 (2012–14) |
| Sports | Football, basketball, competitive cheer, dance, golf, baseball, softball, soccer |
| Mascot | Little Johns |
| Team name | Danville Little Johns |
| Feeder schools | Danville Middle School |
| Affiliations | Arkansas Activities Association |
| Website | www.dps-littlejohns.net/5523 |


title: Cabot Square

abstract: Cabot Square is one of the central squares of the Canary Wharf Development on the Isle of Dogs. The square includes a fountain and several works of art including Cast 2 of Henry Moore's Draped Seated Woman 1957–58. The London offices of Credit Suisse and Morgan Stanley are in Cabot Square. In the northwest corner of the square is a small memorial stone to Michael von Clemm, an international banker of the 1960s, 70s and 80s, who had one of the original ideas for the development of docklands into a financial centre and who was Chairman of CSFB, a forerunner to Credit Suisse's Investment Banking division Cabot Place, on the east side of the square is a large shopping centre, and the square is also home to several restaurants including First Edition, Sri Nam and Corney and Barrow.

text:
# Cabot Square

51°30′19″N 0°1′20″W / 51.50528°N 0.02222°W / 51.50528; -0.02222

**Cabot Square** is one of the central squares of the Canary Wharf Development on the Isle of Dogs.

The square includes a fountain and several works of art including Cast 2 of Henry Moore's Draped Seated Woman 1957–58.

The London offices of Credit Suisse and Morgan Stanley are in Cabot Square.

In the northwest corner of the square is a small memorial stone to Michael von Clemm, an international banker of the 1960s, 70s and 80s, who had one of the original ideas for the development of docklands into a financial centre and who was Chairman of CSFB, a forerunner to Credit Suisse's Investment Banking division

Cabot Place, on the east side of the square is a large shopping centre, and the square is also home to several restaurants including First Edition, Sri Nam and Corney and Barrow.

## Cabot Hall

Cabot Hall, on the east side of the square was a large banqueting and performance hall which opened in 1991 and is the venue for regular concerts and events. In 2006 Canary Wharf Group announced that Cabot Hall would close at the end of 2006 to be converted into additional retail and restaurants, and in 2011 the restaurant space was filled by Scottish restaurant Boisdale.

Cabot Square and Cabot Hall are named after Italian explorer John Cabot.

1. Boisdale: Canary Wharf site set to open in April 2011


title: Chandrarathna Bandara

abstract: Chandrarathna Bandara is a prominent novelist in Sri Lanka who won the National Literary award for his work in 1991. His passion during his earlier work was to investigate the social, cultural and political dimensions of Sri Lanka. He went to Dharmaraja College, Kandy.

text:
# Chandrarathna Bandara

**Chandrarathna Bandara** is a prominent novelist in Sri Lanka who won the National Literary award for his work in 1991. His passion during his earlier work was to investigate the social, cultural and political dimensions of Sri Lanka. He went to Dharmaraja College, Kandy.

## Literary career

He won the National Literary award for his novel *Meru* in the State Literary Festival in Sri Lanka in 1991. His most discussed work so far *Wanasapumala* (Hostage City) came out in 1993. It dealt with the complicated issues faced by a politically motivated young man in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka in 1980s. The narrative method of his work can be characterized as a re-creation of the style introduced in the 60's by such stalwarts as Gunadasa Amarasekara and Siri Gunasinghe.

*Wanasapumala* won the D. R. Wijewardena Award for the Best novel in 1993. This book has already been translated to English (*Hostage City*) by Vijitha Fernando and to Tamil (*Udayagal Pukkal*) by S.Sivagurunathan, under the patronage of "Canada-Sri Lanka Education Foundation". Vijitha Fernando is one of the most senior translators in Sri Lanka and won the Best Translator National Award for her works in 2004 and 2005 years.

A tele-drama was also made in Sri Lanka based on his novel *Wiman Dorakoda* in the latter part of 1990s and serialized in national television, Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation. Chandrarathna Bandara is also an acclaimed Short story writer and Poet, known for his unorthodox style in the latter.

His 5th novel "Walakulu Bamma" (Wall of Clouds), published by Sarasavi Publishers - Sri Lanka, was launched in Toronto on 3 April 2016. Key Talk was delivered by Dr. Jayalath Manorathne.

## Bibliography

### Novels

* Meru (The winged Ants)
* Wanasapumala (The Wild Champaka Flower)
* Hostage City
* Udayagal Pukkal
* Viman Dorakada (The Entrance of the Mansion)
* Premanishansa

### Short story collections

* Kenimandala Ginigath da (The Day the Roof caught fire)
* Stupaya Binda Vetima (The downfall of the Dagoba)
* Lenadora Pipuna Premaya

### Poetry

* Salithe (The Shaken)
* Asikkitayage Sihinaya (The Dream of the Vulgar Fellow)
* Mara Ranganaya (The Dance of Death)
* Dumbara Latoniya (The Lamentation of Dumbara)
* Ketakirilli

## InfoBox

| Chandrarathna Bandara | |
| --- | --- |
| Occupation | Novelist |
| Nationality | Sri Lankan |
| Alma mater | Dharmaraja College, Kandy |
| Period | 1982-present |
| Notable works | *Meru*,
*Wanasapumala* |
| Notable awards | National Literary Award
D. R. Wijewardena Memorial Award |
| Website | |
| chandrarathnabandara.com | |


title: Carter, Texas

abstract: Carter is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in Parker County, Texas, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census. It is in the northern part of the county, spread over several low ridges and valleys draining south to the Clear Fork of the Trinity River and north to Walnut Creek, a tributary of the West Fork of the Trinity River. Texas State Highway 51 passes through the east side of the CDP, leading northeast 5 miles (8 km) to Springtown and southwest 10 miles (16 km) to Weatherford, the Parker county seat. Fort Worth is 29 miles (47 km) to the southeast.

text:
# Carter, Texas

**Carter** is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in Parker County, Texas, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

It is in the northern part of the county, spread over several low ridges and valleys draining south to the Clear Fork of the Trinity River and north to Walnut Creek, a tributary of the West Fork of the Trinity River. Texas State Highway 51 passes through the east side of the CDP, leading northeast 5 miles (8 km) to Springtown and southwest 10 miles (16 km) to Weatherford, the Parker county seat. Fort Worth is 29 miles (47 km) to the southeast.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 1,637 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census
1850–1900 1910
1920 1930 1940
1950 1960 1970
1980 1990 2000
2010 2020 | | | |

Carter first appeared as a census designated place in the 2020 U.S. Census.

### 2020 Census

**Carter CDP, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition**
*Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.*
| Race / Ethnicity (*NH = Non-Hispanic*) | Pop 2020 | % 2020 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| White alone (NH) | 1,134 | 69.27% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 14 | 0.86% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 9 | 0.55% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 10 | 0.61% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 1 | 0.06% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 13 | 0.79% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 125 | 7.64% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 331 | 20.22% |
| **Total** | **1,637** | **100.00%** |

## InfoBox

| Carter, Texas | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| CarterCarter | |
| Coordinates: 32°54′32″N 97°44′39″W / 32.90889°N 97.74417°W / 32.90889; -97.74417 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Texas |
| County | Parker |
| Area | |
| Total | 6.44 sq mi (16.68 km2) |
| Land | 6.43 sq mi (16.65 km2) |
| Water | 0.02 sq mi (0.04 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,129 ft (344 m) |
| Population (2020) | 1,637 |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP Codes | 76082 (Springtown)
76085 (Weatherford) |
| Area code(s) | 817, 682 |
| FIPS code | 48-13075 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2805831 |


title: Ray Zillmer

abstract: Ray Zillmer was an American attorney, mountaineer and conservationist. He is best known as the founder of the Ice Age Park and Trail Foundation, Inc. and originator of the Ice Age Trail. He was also instrumental in the conservation of land in the Kettle Moraine of southeast Wisconsin and had an indirect role in the creation of the National Trails System. He died in Milwaukee on December 13, 1960 of heart complications.

text:
# Ray Zillmer

**Ray Zillmer** (April 19, 1887  December 13, 1960) was an American attorney, mountaineer and conservationist. He is best known as the founder of the Ice Age Park and Trail Foundation, Inc. (later renamed the Ice Age Trail Alliance) and originator of the Ice Age Trail. He was also instrumental in the conservation of land in the Kettle Moraine of southeast Wisconsin and had an indirect role in the creation of the National Trails System. He died in Milwaukee on December 13, 1960 of heart complications.

## Early life and education

Raymond Theodore Zillmer was born in 1887 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was the oldest child of Theodore and Kunigunda Zillmer. His younger siblings were Aimee and Helen. His father was a successful businessman and Milwaukee County Board Supervisor including a term as Chairman of the County Board.

Ray Zillmer graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1910, having served for a year as Vice-President of the Commonwealth Club. He attended Harvard Law School in 1910–1911. He earned his PhD from the University of Wisconsin-Madison Law School in 1914, where he taught political science. Published papers associated with his PhD work included:

## Career and family

He practiced law in Milwaukee from 1914 until his death in 1960. His article, "The Lawyer on the Frontier" was published in the American Law Review in 1916. He married Helen R. Hennessey (b. April 19, 1890) on June 9, 1917. She was a 1913 graduate of Wellesley College. They had two children, John and Jean.

He served in the U.S. Army 1918–1919. From 1938 to 1940, he was president of the City Club of Milwaukee, a civic organization formed to study and promote better social, civic, and economic conditions. He held several leadership positions in the field of law, including:

* 1943-1945—Chairman of the Fee Bill Committee, Milwaukee Bar Association
* 1944-1945—President of the Milwaukee Bar Association
* 1945-1947—Chairman of the Fee Bill Committee of the State Bar Association of Wisconsin

## Exploring and mountaineering

During the 1930s-'40s, Zillmer became an accomplished and respected explorer and mountaineer. In July, 1934 Zillmer was part of a team of five mountaineers who completed the first ascent of Anchorite Peak, British Columbia, Canada. He would go on to complete several other first ascents and describe previously uncharted lands. In the summer of 1938, he and Lorin Tiefenthaler retraced the steps of Alexander MacKenzie's 1792-93 expedition between the Fraser and Bella Coola rivers, through part of what is today Tweedsmuir South Provincial Park. He described the adventure in detail in his first of four articles published in the Canadian Alpine Journal.

The American Alpine Journal also published several of his exploration and mountaineering articles, including:

In recognition of his accomplishments, Mount Zillmer, Zillmer Creek and Zillmer Glacier in British Columbia's Cariboo Range were all named in his honor.

## Conservation

Ray Zillmer had an important impact on the conservation movement. Without his efforts the Kettle Moraine State Forest would not be as large as it is today and the Ice Age Trail would not exist. His insistence that long, narrow corridors of public land serve greater numbers of outdoor recreationists and proposal for a long-distance hiking trail in Wisconsin made an impression on Wisconsin Governor Gaylord Nelson. Armed with this appreciation and later as a U.S. Senator, Nelson introduced legislation to designate the Appalachian Trail America's first national trail and introduced the National Trails System Act of 1968.

From 1941 to 1949, Zillmer was Chairman of the Kettle Moraine Committee of the Izaak Walton League of Milwaukee. From 1954 to 1958, he was Chairman of the Kettle Moraine Committee of the Wisconsin Izaak Walton League. In July, 1958 he established the Ice Age National Park Citizens Committee. On December 8, 1958 he founded the Ice Age Park and Trail Foundation, later renamed the Ice Age Trail Alliance. His articles proposing an Ice Age National Park in Wisconsin were published in 1958 by the Milwaukee Public Museum and in 1959 by the Wisconsin Alumnus magazine.

In 1933 the Wisconsin Izaak Walton League named Zillmer "Man of the Year" for his work on the Kettle Moraine State Forest. In 1959 he was presented a plaque by the National Campers and Hikers Association for his efforts to preserve natural areas for public use. A trail system in the Northern Kettle Moraine State Forest is named the Zillmer Trails and a park in St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin is named Ray Zillmer Park, both in his honor. He was inducted into the Wisconsin Conservation Hall of Fame in 1993. Today the highest award of achievement given by the Ice Age Trail Alliance is the Ray Zillmer Award.

Following his death in December, 1960 the Milwaukee Journal opined, "...the people of Milwaukee and of Wisconsin and the conservation movement nationally are deeply indebted to Mr. Zillmer. His vision, his boundless energy and his dogged determination in behalf of worthy causes to which he was devoted became legend . . . No community and no state ever has enough of men like Raymond T. Zillmer. And the loss of even one, inevitable as it may be, is cause for deep regret."


title: Raman (name)

abstract: Raman is a name of Indian origin, used both as a family name and as both a feminine and a masculine given name. Raman is also a Belarusian variant of the given name Roman. There may be other origins also.

text:
# Raman (name)

**Raman** is a name of Indian origin, used both as a family name and as both a feminine and a masculine given name. **Raman** is also a Belarusian variant of the given name Roman. There may be other origins also.

## Surname

* Avadhanam Sita Raman (19192001), Indian writer, journalist and editor
* Aneesh Raman (active from 2005), American journalist and entrepreneur
* Aroon Raman (active from 1991), Indian entrepreneur and author
* B. Raman (19362013), Indian intelligence officer
* Bangalore Venkata Raman (191298), Indian astrologer and writer
* Benito Raman (born 1994), Belgian footballer
* Bhavani Raman, Indian historian
* C. Raman (active 1960), Indian civil servant and administrator
* C. V. Raman (Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman; 18881970), Indian physicist who won the 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics
    + Raman scattering (AKA Raman effect), inelastic photon scattering, for the discovery of which C. V. Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize
    + Raman spectroscopy, a technique which relies on Raman scattering
    + Raman amplification, used in optical fibres
    + For other articles connected with C. V. Raman and with Raman scattering and spectroscopy, see the article on C. V. Raman
* Dinesh Raghu Raman (died 2007), Indian Army officer posthumously awarded the Ashoka Chakra for bravery
* E. S. S. Raman (born 1954), Indian politician
* K. Raman (active 2019), Indian politician
* Krishnan Raman (c.11th century AD), Commander-in-chief of the Chola forces under Rajendra Chola
* Mohan Raman (born 1956), Indian film and television actor and management trainer
* Mythili Raman (active from 2013), American lawyer
* P. S. Raman (born 1960), Indian lawyer
* Pallathu Raman (18921950), Indian poet, writer, social reformer and community leader
* Prawaal Raman (active from 2000), Indian film director and screenwriter
* Priya Raman (active 199399), Indian actress and film producer in Malayalam
* Radha Raman (disambiguation)
* Sarangapani Raman (1920  after 1948), Indian footballer
* Sumanth C. Raman (active from 1995), Indian television anchor and sports commentator in Tamil
* Sundar Raman (born 1971 or 1972), Indian sports business professional
* T. V. Raman (born 1965), Indian computer scientist
* Theruvath Raman (19172009), Indian journalist, writer, publisher and social activist
* U. C. Raman (born 1965), Indian politician
* V. P. Raman (193291), Indian lawyer and politician
* Varadaraja V. Raman (born 1932), Indian-born American academic in the field of humanities
* Vidyullekha Raman (born 1991), Indian film actress and theatre performer
* Vimala Raman (active from 2006), Indian film actress, model and Bharatanatyam dancer
* Woorkeri Raman (born 1965), Indian international cricketer
* Poovin Thomas Raman(born 1973),South African doctor of medicine
* Nevita Raman(born 1999),medical doctor South Africa
* Navindra Raman(born 1971), dental surgeon South Africa.

## Given name: Indian origin

## Given name: Belarusian origin

## Given name: Other or uncertain origin

* Raman Hui (born 1963), Hong Kong animator and film director