abstract: The 2022 Tower Hamlets London Borough Council election took place on 5 May 2022. All 45 members of Tower Hamlets London Borough Council were elected. The elections took place alongside local elections in the other London boroughs and elections to local authorities across the United Kingdom. In the previous election in 2018, the Labour Party regained control of the Council from no overall control, winning 42 out of the 45 seats with the Conservative Party as the principal opposition with two of the remaining three seats. The election coincided with an election for the mayor of Tower Hamlets. In the 2022 elections, the Aspire Party gained control of the Council from Labour, winning 24 seats, and also won the mayoralty. Reduced to 19 seats, this is the lowest ever number of seats Labour have ever held in the history of Tower Hamlets; the Conservatives retained one seat, while the Green Party gained one seat.

text:
# 2022 Tower Hamlets London Borough Council election

The **2022 Tower Hamlets London Borough Council election** took place on 5 May 2022. All 45 members of Tower Hamlets London Borough Council were elected. The elections took place alongside local elections in the other London boroughs and elections to local authorities across the United Kingdom.

In the previous election in 2018, the Labour Party regained control of the Council from no overall control, winning 42 out of the 45 seats with the Conservative Party as the principal opposition with two of the remaining three seats. The election coincided with an election for the mayor of Tower Hamlets. In the 2022 elections, the Aspire Party gained control of the Council from Labour, winning 24 seats, and also won the mayoralty. Reduced to 19 seats, this is the lowest ever number of seats Labour have ever held in the history of Tower Hamlets; the Conservatives retained one seat, while the Green Party gained one seat.

## Background

### History

The thirty-two London boroughs were established in 1965 by the London Government Act 1963. They are the principal authorities in Greater London and have responsibilities including education, housing, planning, highways, social services, libraries, recreation, waste, environmental health and revenue collection. Some powers are shared with the Greater London Authority, which also manages passenger transport, police, and fire.

Since its formation, Tower Hamlets has generally been under Labour control. The SDP–Liberal Alliance won a majority of seats in the 1986 election, and the newly formed Liberal Democrats won a majority in the 1990 election. There was also a period of no overall control from 2014 to 2018. From 1990 to 2006, all councillors elected to the council were Labour or Liberal Democrats. In the 2006 election, Labour maintained its majority by winning 26 seats, but the new Respect Party won twelve seats, with the Conservatives on seven and the Liberal Democrats on six. In the 2010 election Respect lost all but one of its seats, with Labour winning 41, the Conservatives winning eight and the Liberal Democrats winning one. Respect was the only party to advocate a change in executive arrangements at the council by the introduction of a directly elected mayor of Tower Hamlets. A mayoral petition was successfully arranged by the Respect activist Abjol Miah, which was successful.

The Labour councillor Lutfur Rahman, who had been leader of the council from 2008 until he was replaced in 2010 after a Channel 4 documentary linked him to the Islamic Forum of Europe, was selected as his party's candidate for the mayoralty. He was removed as the candidate by the National Executive Committee of the Labour Party after "very serious allegations" about the selection. He subsequently ran as an independent candidate with support from Respect. Rahman was elected in the October 2010 election with more than half of the vote in the first round. Rahman established a new political party called Tower Hamlets First in 2013. He ran for re-election as the Tower Hamlets First candidate in 2014, being re-elected in the second round against the Labour candidate John Biggs. In the concurrent council election, Tower Hamlets First won 18 seats, with Labour on 22 and the Conservatives on 5, resulting in no overall control of the council.

In 2015, Rahman was removed from office and his election was declared void after he was found guilty of electoral fraud. He was barred from seeking re-election for five years. Tower Hamlets First was de-registered as a political party by the Electoral Commission shortly after. In the 2015 re-run of the mayoral election, Rahman endorsed the independent candidate Rabina Khan. Khan had been elected as a Labour councillor in 2010 but had been suspended for supporting Rahman's initial 2010 election, and had been re-elected in the 2014 council election as a Tower Hamlets First councillor. Biggs won the election. The former Tower Hamlets First councillors formed the Tower Hamlets Independent Group. Khan formed the breakaway group the People's Alliance of Tower Hamlets (PATH) with some other Tower Hamlets Independent Group councillors, which was formally registered in 2018. The remaining Tower Hamlets Independent Group councillors formed the new party Aspire.

In the most recent mayoral election in 2018, Khan stood as the PATH candidate, coming second, and Ohid Ahmed stood for Aspire. Ahmed had been endorsed by Rahman. Biggs was successfully re-elected for the Labour Party with 48.4% of the vote in the first round and 72.7% of the vote after second preferences were taken into account. In the concurrent council election, Labour won 42 seats with 46.1% of the vote, while the Conservatives won two seats with 9.9% of the vote across the borough. Khan was elected as a councillor for PATH, with her party winning 11.3% of the vote across the borough. Aspire lost all their representation, winning no seats with 15.4% of the vote. The Liberal Democrats received 8.6% of the vote and the Green Party received 7.9% of the vote, but neither won any seats.

### Council term

Rabina Khan disbanded PATH in August 2018 and switched to the Liberal Democrats. Mohammed Pappu, a councillor for Blackwall and Cubitt town, was suspended from the Labour Party in October 2018 after sharing antisemitic posts on social media. In the following month, he apologised, saying that he had not read the posts properly and offered to undergo training. A Labour councillor for Lansbury ward, Mohammad Harun, resigned in December 2018 after Biggs ordered an investigation into allegations of housing fraud. A Labour councillor for Shadwell ward, Ruhul Amin, resigned in January 2019 because he was moving to Bangladesh. Both by-elections took place in February 2019, with Rajib Ahmed holding Lansbury for Labour and Ohid Ahmed coming in second place for Aspire. The Aspire candidate Mohammad Harun Miah won the by-election in Shadwell, with the Labour candidate Asik Rahman coming in second place. Asik Rahman had apologised during the campaign for liking the Facebook page of Zakir Naik, a preacher who was banned from entering the UK.

The leader of the Conservatives on the council, Andrew Wood, resigned from his party to sit as an independent in February 2020 while remaining in the Conservative group on the council. He cited the Conservative government's approach to Brexit and decision to override guidance to approve a controversial housing development in the borough. John Pierce, a Labour councillor for Weavers ward, died in June 2021. He had been first elected in 2012. A by-election to fill the seat was held in August 2021, which was won by the Aspire candidate Kabir Ahmed. A Conservative councillor credited Aspire's victory to the Labour council's implementation of low traffic neighbourhood schemes, which Ahmed promised to end if Aspire won the 2022 council election.

### Mayoral referendum

Tower Hamlets held a referendum in May 2021 on whether to maintain the system of directly electing a mayor, or to return to the leader-and-cabinet model where councillors elect a leader. Biggs and the Labour Party, the Conservatives, the Liberal Democrats including Rabina Khan, and the Green Party campaigned in favour of ending the mayoral system, while Rahman campaigned to keep it. The outcome of the referendum was to continue with the mayoral system, with 77.8% of votes in favour.

Tower Hamlets Governance Referendum
6 May 2021
| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Elected mayor | **63,046** | **77.8** |
| Leader-and-cabinet system | 17,957 | 22.2 |
| Valid votes | 81,003 | 95.9 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 3,444 | 4.1 |
| **Total votes** | **84,447** | **100.00** |
|
|
| Source: | | |

## Campaign

### Council election

The communities minister Kemi Badenoch wrote to the Metropolitan Police and Electoral Commission about concerns over the possibility of election fraud and family voting in Tower Hamlets.

### Council candidates

The Labour Party, Conservative Party and Liberal Democrats all fielded a full slate of 45 candidates each. Aspire put forward 44 candidates - missing one candidate in the Whitechapel ward where Shahed Ali stood for the "Resurrection Young People. In Sha Allah" party. The Green Party fielded 39 candidates, with both the SDP and TUSC standing one candidate each.

The election also saw the first openly transgender candidate stand in Tower Hamlets with Rebecca Jones of the Liberal Democrats in Bethnal Green West.

### Mayoral election

The Labour mayor of Tower Hamlets, John Biggs, sought re-election. In January 2022, the Liberal Democrat councillor Rabina Khan was announced as her party's candidate for the mayoralty. In the same month, the independent councillor Andrew Wood, who had resigned from the Conservative group in 2020, announced he would stand for election as both a councillor and mayor. Wood said the council should spend more of its reserves building homes, schools and bridges. The former mayor of the borough, Lutfur Rahman, announced his candidacy for the Aspire party in February 2022. Rahman's five-year ban from standing for election, having been found guilty by an election court of "corrupt and illegal practices", had lapsed. He was endorsed at his formal campaign launch in March by the former mayor of London Ken Livingstone and the peer Pola Uddin. Elliott Weaver stood as the Conservative mayoral candidate.

## Electoral process

Tower Hamlets, like other London borough councils, elects all of its councillors at once every four years. The previous election took place in 2018. The election will take place by multi-member first-past-the-post voting, with each ward being represented by two or three councillors. Electors will have as many votes as there are councillors to be elected in their ward, with the top two or three being elected.

All registered electors (British, Irish, Commonwealth and European Union citizens) living in London aged 18 or over will be entitled to vote in the election. People who live at two addresses in different councils, such as university students with different term-time and holiday addresses, are entitled to be registered for and vote in elections in both local authorities. Voting in-person at polling stations will take place from 7:00 to 22:00 on election day, and voters will be able to apply for postal votes or proxy votes in advance of the election.

## Council composition

| After 2018 election | | | Before 2022 election | | | After 2022 election | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Seats | Party | | Seats | Party | | Seats |
|  | Labour | 42 |  | Labour | 40 |  | Labour | 19 |
|  | Conservative | 2 |  | Aspire | 2 |  | Aspire | 24 |
|  | PATH | 1 |  | Conservative | 1 |  | Conservative | 1 |
|  | | |  | Liberal Democrats | 1 |  | Green | 1 |
|  | | |  | Independent | 1 |

## Results summary

2022 Tower Hamlets London Borough Council election
| Party | | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Aspire | **24** | 24 | 0 | 24 | 53.3 | 36.9 | 69,141 | +21.5 |
|  | Labour | **19** | 0 | 23 | 23 | 42.2 | 36.5 | 68,347 | -9.6 |
|  | Green | **1** | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2.2 | 8.9 | 16,620 | +1.0 |
|  | Conservative | **1** | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2.2 | 7.7 | 14,380 | -2.2 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | **0** | 0 | 0 |  | 0.0 | 8.9 | 16,691 | +0.3 |
|  | Independent | **0** | 0 | 0 |  | 0.0 | 0.9 | 1,604 | +0.6 |
|  | TUSC | **0** | 0 | 0 |  | 0.0 | 0.2 | 301 | *N/A* |
|  | SDP | **0** | 0 | 0 |  | 0.0 | 0.0 | 39 | *N/A* |

## Results by ward

Asterisks denote incumbent councillors seeking re-election. Unless otherwise noted, the councillors seeking re-election were elected in 2018.

### Bethnal Green East

The Bethnal Green ward was renamed Bethnal Green East in 2022 with no changes to the boundaries.

Bethnal Green East (3)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Sirajul Islam\*** | **2,395** | **40.55** | **−9.50** |
|  | **Labour** | **Rebeka Sultana** | **2,166** | **36.67** | **−14.90** |
|  | **Aspire** | **Ahmodul Kabir** | **2,153** | **36.45** | **+27.59** |
|  | Aspire | Syed Abdullah | 2,112 | 35.76 | +28.79 |
|  | Labour | Eve McQuillan\* | 2,076 | 35.15 | −14.66 |
|  | Aspire | Nurul Gaffar | 2,001 | 33.88 | +27.57 |
|  | Green | Rupert George | 720 | 12.19 | +0.20 |
|  | Green | Jack Mathews | 609 | 10.31 | +0.23 |
|  | Green | Daniel Smith | 585 | 9.91 | +0.50 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Ryan James | 313 | 5.30 | −1.33 |
|  | Conservative | Benjamin Hack | 289 | 4.89 | −0.26 |
|  | Conservative | Samuel Hall | 273 | 4.62 | −0.53 |
|  | Conservative | Dinah George | 271 | 4.59 | −0.56 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Eugene Lynch | 233 | 3.95 | −2.19 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Callum Robertson | 232 | 3.93 | −1.78 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 47 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 5,906 | 42.87 | +0.96 |
| Registered electors | | | 13,778 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Aspire **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |

### Bethnal Green West

The St Peters ward was renamed Bethnal Green West in 2022 with no changes to the boundaries.

Bethnal Green West (3)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Aspire** | **Musthak Ahmed** | **2,744** | **44.97** | **+26.91** |
|  | **Aspire** | **Abu Chowdhury** | **2,673** | **43.81** | **+27.15** |
|  | **Aspire** | **Rahman Amin** | **2,562** | **41.99** | **+27.63** |
|  | Labour | Sufia Alam | 2,123 | 34.79 | −8.58 |
|  | Labour | Kevin Brady\* | 1,881 | 30.83 | −15.63 |
|  | Labour | Mizan Chaudhury | 1,724 | 28.25 | −13.23 |
|  | Green | Paul Burgess | 752 | 12.32 | −1.32 |
|  | Green | David Cox | 745 | 12.21 | +1.03 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Rebecca Jones | 374 | 6.13 | −0.23 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Judith Cohen | 341 | 5.59 | +0.38 |
|  | Conservative | Lucy Hamilton | 258 | 4.23 | −0.94 |
|  | Conservative | Angela Magny | 220 | 3.61 | +0.15 |
|  | Conservative | Bernard Magny | 193 | 3.16 | +0.09 |
|  | TUSC | Sarah O'Neill | 191 | 3.13 | *N/A* |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Ashley Lumsden | 189 | 3.10 | −1.35 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 48 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 6,102 | 44.06 | +0.67 |
| Registered electors | | | 13,850 |  |  |
|  | Aspire **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Aspire **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Aspire **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |

### Blackwall and Cubitt Town

Blackwall and Cubitt Town (3)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Aspire** | **Abdul Malik** | **1,374** | **29.86** | **+11.62** |
|  | **Aspire** | **Ahmodur Khan** | **1,318** | **28.64** | **+13.06** |
|  | **Aspire** | **Muhammad Uddin** | **1,292** | **28.07** | **+11.33** |
|  | Labour | Afsana Lachaux | 1,129 | 24.53 | −8.31 |
|  | Labour | Christopher Worrall | 1,112 | 24.16 | −7.71 |
|  | Labour | Mohammed Pappu\* | 1,001 | 21.75 | −6.30 |
|  | Conservative | Sofia De Sousa | 869 | 18.88 | −3.87 |
|  | Conservative | Matthew Miles | 777 | 16.88 | −3.91 |
|  | Conservative | Nick Vandyke | 745 | 16.19 | −4.52 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Guy Benson | 673 | 14.62 | −0.84 |
|  | Green | Caroline Fenton | 554 | 12.04 | +3.77 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Richard Flowers | 551 | 11.97 | −2.51 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Azizur Khan | 528 | 11.47 | +2.12 |
|  | Green | Seamus Hayes | 364 | 7.91 | +0.03 |
|  | Green | Tamsin Kavanagh | 359 | 7.80 | +1.72 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 57 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 4,602 | 32.66 | −1.63 |
| Registered electors | | | 14,091 |  |  |
|  | Aspire **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Aspire **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Aspire **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |

### Bow East

Bow East (3)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour Co-op** | **Rachel Blake\*** | **2,800** | **50.48** | **−8.17** |
|  | **Labour Co-op** | **Amina Ali\*** | **2,728** | **49.18** | **−3.02** |
|  | **Labour Co-op** | **Marc Francis\*** | **2,341** | **42.20** | **−13.40** |
|  | Aspire | Rahima Khatun | 1,324 | 23.87 | +13.29 |
|  | Aspire | Masood Rahman | 1,228 | 22.14 | +15.03 |
|  | Aspire | Monzo Khaton | 1,207 | 21.76 | +14.84 |
|  | Green | Nicola Power | 964 | 17.38 | +4.95 |
|  | Green | Ellis Bright | 910 | 16.41 | +6.65 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Liza Franchi | 506 | 9.12 | +1.42 |
|  | Conservative | Robin Edwards | 336 | 6.06 | −1.20 |
|  | Conservative | Lesley Lincoln | 291 | 5.25 | −2.28 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Simon Herbert | 285 | 5.14 | −2.24 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Richard MacMilan | 282 | 5.08 | −2.11 |
|  | Conservative | Imogen Sinclair | 247 | 4.45 | −0.98 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 35 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 5,547 | 38.81 | +0.68 |
| Registered electors | | | 14,292 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Bow West

Bow West (2)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Asma Begum\*** | **1,601** | **38.44** | **−22.28** |
|  | **Green** | **Nathalie Bienfait** | **1,253** | **30.08** | **+19.94** |
|  | Labour | Val Whitehead\* | 1,218 | 29.24 | −22.67 |
|  | Aspire | Ripon Ali | 1,035 | 24.85 | +17.90 |
|  | Green | Alistair Polson | 1,004 | 24.11 | +11.40 |
|  | Aspire | Junu Ali | 944 | 22.67 | +16.99 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Janet Ludlow | 205 | 4.92 | −5.60 |
|  | Conservative | Desmond Ellerbeck | 191 | 4.59 | −4.48 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Tom Kaneko | 159 | 3.82 | −2.68 |
|  | Conservative | Mariem Sarghini | 157 | 3.77 | −3.41 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 32 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 4,165 | 46.09 | +2.87 |
| Registered electors | | | 9,036 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Green **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |

### Bromley North

Bromley North (2)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Aspire** | **Abdul Nazrul** | **1,495** | **43.54** | **+15.94** |
|  | **Aspire** | **Saif Khaled** | **1,431** | **41.67** | **+25.66** |
|  | Labour | Najnine Chowdhury | 1242 | 36.18 | −5.51 |
|  | Labour | Muhammad Salam | 841 | 24.49 | −10.15 |
|  | Green | Daniel Blythin-Hammond | 346 | 10.08 | +2.21 |
|  | Green | Bethan Lant | 281 | 8.18 | *N/A* |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Nehad Chowdhury | 212 | 6.17 | +0.38 |
|  | Conservative | Jonathan Gillespie | 159 | 4.63 | +0.27 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Siobhan Proudfoot | 156 | 4.54 | +1.19 |
|  | Conservative | Mohammed Rahman | 94 | 2.74 | −0.83 |
|  | SDP | Jonathon Mabbut | 39 | 1.14 | *N/A* |
| Rejected ballots | | | 45 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,434 | 43.54 | +1.04 |
| Registered electors | | | 7,887 |  |  |
|  | Aspire **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Aspire **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |

### Bromley South

Bromley South (2)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Shubo Hussain** | **1,772** | **44.10** | **−3.36** |
|  | **Aspire** | **Bodrul Choudhury** | **1,616** | **40.22** | **+13.17** |
|  | Aspire | Ikbal Hussain | 1,478 | 36.78 | +12.78 |
|  | Labour | Jenny Symmons | 1,330 | 33.10 | −13.64 |
|  | Green | Barney Green | 239 | 5.95 | −0.11 |
|  | Green | Rob Curry | 233 | 5.80 | +1.39 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Joshua Casswell | 207 | 5.15 | +0.07 |
|  | Conservative | Stephen Charge | 143 | 3.56 | −1.49 |
|  | Conservative | Indigo Atherton | 139 | 3.46 | +0.09 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | David Vinas | 76 | 1.89 | −2.49 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 45 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 4,018 | 44.23 | −0.23 |
| Registered electors | | | 9,085 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Aspire **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |

### Canary Wharf

Canary Wharf (2)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Aspire** | **Maium Talukdar** | **1,164** | **31.66** | **+9.00** |
|  | **Aspire** | **Saled Ahmed** | **1,023** | **27.83** | **+13.07** |
|  | Independent | Andrew Wood\* † | 993 | 27.01 | −1.58 |
|  | Labour Co-op | Adam Allnutt | 885 | 24.08 | −0.52 |
|  | Labour Co-op | Shajia Sultana | 846 | 23.01 | −1.53 |
|  | Conservative | Francis Germaine-Powell | 492 | 13.38 | −15.21 |
|  | Conservative | Samia Hersey | 408 | 11.10 | −13.31 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Morgan Jones | 363 | 9.87 | −0.33 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Mohammed Hannan | 270 | 7.34 | +0.15 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 26 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,676 | 32.28 | −1.61 |
| Registered electors | | | 11,389 |  |  |
|  | Aspire **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Aspire **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |

† Andrew Wood was elected for the Conservative Party in 2018, but resigned to sit as an Independent in 2020.

### Island Gardens

Island Gardens (2)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Peter Golds\*** | **1,092** | **27.66** | **−1.33** |
|  | **Labour** | **Mufeedah Bustin\*** | **1,013** | **25.66** | **−1.37** |
|  | Aspire | Sadiqur Rahman | 971 | 24.59 | +14.90 |
|  | Aspire | Syed Ali | 936 | 23.71 | +16.32 |
|  | Conservative | Callum Murphy | 892 | 22.59 | +2.21 |
|  | Labour | Zaglul Khan | 864 | 21.88 | −2.80 |
|  | Green | David Allison | 516 | 13.07 | +6.42 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Shelly English | 489 | 12.39 | −3.69 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Andrew Cregan | 362 | 9.17 | −14.38 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 39 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,948 | 40.12 | −0.96 |
| Registered electors | | | 9,840 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Lansbury

Lansbury (3)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Aspire** | **Abul Ahmed** | **2,686** | **48.75** | **+21.19** |
|  | **Aspire** | **Iqbal Hossain** | **2,413** | **43.79** | **+25.91** |
|  | **Aspire** | **Jahed Choudhury** | **2,286** | **41.49** | **+23.60** |
|  | Labour | Kahar Chowdhury\* | 1,803 | 32.72 | −10.71 |
|  | Labour | Shaheda Rahman | 1,542 | 27.99 | −9.92 |
|  | Labour | Ansarul Haque | 1,479 | 26.84 | −10.48 |
|  | Green | Norm Cassidy | 546 | 9.91 | +2.26 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Elaine Bagshaw | 494 | 8.97 | −1.34 |
|  | Green | John Scanlan | 464 | 8.42 | +1.70 |
|  | Conservative | Chrissie Townsend | 373 | 6.77 | −1.31 |
|  | Conservative | Paul Ingham | 333 | 6.04 | −1.83 |
|  | Conservative | Akbar Ali | 203 | 3.68 | −1.33 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Abdul Manik | 149 | 2.70 | −7.57 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Muhammad Uddin | 134 | 2.43 | −3.64 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 74 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 5,510 | 41.34 | +0.03 |
| Registered electors | | | 13,330 |  |  |
|  | Aspire **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Aspire **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Aspire **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |

### Limehouse

Limehouse (1)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **James King\*** | **728** | **40.18** | **+3.13** |
|  | Conservative | David Garside | 403 | 22.24 | −8.28 |
|  | Aspire | Atia Jorna | 347 | 19.15 | +8.99 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Warwick Danks | 191 | 10.54 | −2.46 |
|  | Green | Geoffrey Juden | 143 | 7.89 | +2.15 |
| Majority | | | 325 |  |  |
| Rejected ballots | | | 12 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 1812 | 39.27 | −4.84 |
| Registered electors | | | 4,668 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Mile End

Mile End (3)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Sabina Khan** | **2,530** | **42.59** | **−7.71** |
|  | **Labour** | **Leelu Ahmed** | **2,120** | **35.69** | **−12.12** |
|  | **Labour** | **Mohammad Chowdhury** | **2,119** | **35.67** | **−3.34** |
|  | Aspire | Helal Miah | 2,041 | 34.36 | +16.47 |
|  | Aspire | Azad Miah | 1,956 | 32.93 | +16.39 |
|  | Aspire | Haji Habib | 1,900 | 31.99 | +17.60 |
|  | Green | Jack Gibbons | 562 | 9.46 | +0.30 |
|  | Green | Simon Levey | 460 | 7.74 | +0.50 |
|  | Green | Gunther Jancke | 456 | 7.68 | *N/A* |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Tabitha Potts | 378 | 6.36 | +0.22 |
|  | Conservative | Craig Aston | 313 | 5.27 | −2.49 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Horia Bogdan | 310 | 5.22 | −1.61 |
|  | Conservative | Shah Alam | 249 | 4.19 | −1.17 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Wei Qu | 240 | 4.04 | −1.95 |
|  | Conservative | Srikanth Rajgopal | 173 | 2.91 | −1.61 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 62 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 5,940 | 42.78 | +1.99 |
| Registered electors | | | 13,885 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Poplar

Poplar (1)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Aspire** | **Gulam Choudhury** | **1,134** | **53.07** | **+26.25** |
|  | Labour | Zenith Rahman | 602 | 28.17 | −8.67 |
|  | Green | Rebecca Binns | 152 | 7.11 | *N/A* |
|  | Conservative | Dominic Nolan | 131 | 6.13 | −1.07 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Habibur Tafader | 118 | 5.52 | +0.69 |
| Majority | | | 532 |  |  |
| Rejected ballots | | | 48 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,137 | 44.25 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 4,940 |  |  |
|  | Aspire **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |

### Shadwell

Shadwell (2)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Aspire** | **Harun Miah** | **2,003** | **46.66** | **+22.32** |
|  | **Aspire** | **Ana Miah** | **1,486** | **34.61** | **+15.86** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Rabina Khan * † | 1,451 | 33.80 | −4.57 |
|  | Labour | Abdus Shukur | 872 | 20.31 | −10.83 |
|  | Labour | Victoria Obaze | 852 | 19.85 | −8.51 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Simon Tunnicliffe | 403 | 9.39 | +5.34 |
|  | Green | Charlotte Nicholls | 269 | 6.27 | +1.34 |
|  | Conservative | Daryl Stafford | 169 | 3.94 | +0.36 |
|  | Conservative | Tara Hussain | 124 | 2.89 | −1.50 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 40 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 4,293 | 49.97 | +0.08 |
| Registered electors | | | 8,591 |  |  |
|  | Aspire **gain** from PATH | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Aspire **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |

† Rabina Khan was elected for PATH in 2018, but defected to the Liberal Democrats.

### Spitalfields and Banglatown

Spitalfields and Banglatown (2)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Aspire** | **Kabir Hussain** | **1,595** | **42.66** | **+19.82** |
|  | **Aspire** | **Suluk Ahmed** | **1,591** | **42.55** | **+19.44** |
|  | Labour | Shad Chowdhury\* | 1,545 | 41.32 | −8.84 |
|  | Labour | Nazma Hussain | 1,128 | 30.17 | −2.62 |
|  | Green | Abdul Hye | 293 | 7.84 | +0.01 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Freda Graf | 242 | 6.47 | +0.61 |
|  | Conservative | Timothy Lowe | 173 | 4.63 | −3.49 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Gareth Shelton | 172 | 4.60 | −0.99 |
|  | Conservative | Shamim Miah | 94 | 2.51 | −3.82 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 49 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,739 | 41.40 | +1.16 |
| Registered electors | | | 9,032 |  |  |
|  | Aspire **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Aspire **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |

### St Dunstan's

St Dunstan's (2)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Ayas Miah\*** | **1,936** | **40.74** | **−10.41** |
|  | **Labour** | **Maisha Begum** | **1,840** | **38.72** | **−1.93** |
|  | Aspire | Juned Khan | 1,692 | 35.61 | +17.42 |
|  | Aspire | Nazir Ahmed | 1,623 | 34.15 | +23.42 |
|  | Conservative | Adrian Thompson | 422 | 8.88 | +3.28 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Farhana Akther | 300 | 6.31 | +1.01 |
|  | Conservative | Edward Brown | 229 | 4.82 | +0.34 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Mohammed Alam | 220 | 4.63 | +1.70 |
|  | Green | Neil Thompson | 202 | 4.25 | −3.07 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 51 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 4,752 | 51.30 | +2.02 |
| Registered electors | | | 9,263 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### St Katharine's and Wapping

St Katharine's and Wapping (2)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Abdul Ullah\*** | **1,133** | **31.34** | **+2.56** |
|  | **Labour** | **Amy Lee** | **1,128** | **31.18** | **−4.46** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Dominic Buxton | 961 | 26.56 | +0.29 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Mahbub Alam | 749 | 20.70 | −2.04 |
|  | Conservative | Neil King | 612 | 16.92 | −5.20 |
|  | Conservative | Jane Emmerson | 564 | 15.59 | −11.05 |
|  | Aspire | Abulkashem Helal | 471 | 13.02 | +9.12 |
|  | Aspire | Khayrul Hasan | 446 | 12.33 | +11.38 |
|  | Green | Oliver Barrs | 374 | 10.34 | +0.98 |
|  | Green | Peter Simister | 278 | 7.68 | *N/A* |
| Rejected ballots | | |  |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,618 | 40.91 | −1.58 |
| Registered electors | | | 8,843 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Stepney Green

Stepney Green (2)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Aspire** | **Abdul Ali** | **1,623** | **39.55** | **+26.59** |
|  | **Labour** | **Sabina Akhtar\*** | **1,588** | **38.69** | **−16.30** |
|  | Aspire | Shuhel Malique | 1,346 | 32.80 | +24.88 |
|  | Labour | Motin Uz-Zaman\* | 1,121 | 27.31 | −12.27 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Akhlaqur Rahman | 676 | 16.47 | −5.37 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Kim Nottage | 332 | 8.09 | +3.81 |
|  | Green | Kirsty Chestnutt | 308 | 7.50 | −0.75 |
|  | Green | Thomas Mackay | 202 | 4.92 | +0.27 |
|  | Conservative | Stephen Alton | 198 | 4.82 | −1.01 |
|  | Conservative | Panagiotis Koutroumpis | 108 | 2.63 | −2.10 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 62 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 4,104 | 49.63 | +1.84 |
| Registered electors | | | 8,270 |  |  |
|  | Aspire **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Weavers

Weavers (2)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Aspire** | **Kabir Ahmed** | **1,649** | **43.54** | **+29.37** |
|  | **Labour Co-op** | **Asma Islam** | **1,417** | **37.42** | **−11.18** |
|  | Aspire | Fazleh Elaahi | 1,224 | 32.32 | +17.71 |
|  | Labour Co-op | Kevin McKenna | 1,135 | 29.97 | −11.59 |
|  | Green | Katy Guttmann | 395 | 10.43 | +1.05 |
|  | Conservative | Elliot Weaver | 237 | 6.26 | +0.94 |
|  | Green | Benjamin Hancocks | 225 | 5.94 | −2.72 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | John Adam | 203 | 5.36 | +1.55 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Ed Long | 150 | 3.96 | −3.33 |
|  | TUSC | Hugo Pierre | 110 | 2.90 | *N/A* |
|  | Conservative | Moulay Essaydi | 106 | 2.80 | −3.23 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 33 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,787 | 41.07 | +0.36 |
| Registered electors | | | 9,221 |  |  |
|  | Aspire **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Whitechapel

Whitechapel (3)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Aspire** | **Shafi Ahmed** | **1,954** | **41.63** | **+11.72** |
|  | **Labour** | **Faroque Ahmed\*** | **1,663** | **35.43** | **−7.75** |
|  | **Aspire** | **Kamrul Hussain** | **1,594** | **33.96** | **+7.08** |
|  | Labour | Amina Ali | 1,510 | 32.17 | −0.05 |
|  | Labour | Shah Ameen\* | 1,468 | 31.27 | −9.13 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Aminur Khan | 657 | 14.00 | −12.88 |
|  | Resurrection Young People. In Sha Allah | Shahed Ali | 611 | 13.02 | *N/A* |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Muhammad Abul Asad | 586 | 12.48 | −13.12 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Michael Robinson | 569 | 12.12 | +3.23 |
|  | Green | Samuel Roberts | 505 | 10.76 | +0.89 |
|  | Green | Shahrar Ali | 352 | 7.50 | −0.22 |
|  | Conservative | Michael Dormer | 273 | 5.82 | −1.62 |
|  | Conservative | Nikola Suica | 204 | 4.35 | −2.18 |
|  | Conservative | Mustafa Khan | 153 | 3.26 | −2.51 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 42 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 4,694 | 39.45 | +0.69 |
| Registered electors | | | 13,292 |  |  |
|  | Aspire **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Aspire **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |

## Candidate winning margin

Eight candidates won election by fewer that 100 votes - although one of these was over a candidate from the same party.

| Ward | Final winning candidate | | | Next candidate | | | Winning margin | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Party | Votes | Percentage | Party | Votes | Percentage | Votes | Percentage |
| Bethnal Green East | Aspire | 2153 | 13.11 | Aspire | 2122 | 12.86 | 41 | 0.25 |
| Bethnal Green West | Aspire | 2562 | 15.1 | Labour | 2123 | 12.51 | 439 | 2.59 |
| Blackwall and Cubitt Town | Aspire | 1292 | 10.22 | Labour | 1129 | 8.93 | 163 | 1.29 |
| Bow East | Labour | 2341 | 15.15 | Aspire | 1324 | 8.57 | 1017 | 6.58 |
| Bow West | Green | 1253 | 16.13 | Labour | 1218 | 15.68 | 35 | 0.45 |
| Bromley North | Aspire | 1431 | 22.73 | Labour | 1242 | 19.73 | 189 | 3.00 |
| Bromley South | Aspire | 1616 | 22.34 | Aspire | 1478 | 20.43 | 138 | 1.91 |
| Canary Wharf | Aspire | 1023 | 15.88 | Independent | 993 | 15.41 | 30 | 0.47 |
| Island Gardens | Labour | 1013 | 14.20 | Aspire | 971 | 13.61 | 42 | 0.59 |
| Lansbury | Aspire | 2286 | 15.34 | Labour | 1803 | 12.10 | 483 | 3.24 |
| Limehouse | Labour | 728 | 40.18 | Conservative | 403 | 22.24 | 325 | 17.94 |
| Mile End | Labour | 2119 | 13.41 | Aspire | 2041 | 12.91 | 78 | 0.50 |
| Poplar | Aspire | 1134 | 53.07 | Labour | 602 | 28.17 | 532 | 24.90 |
| Shadwell | Aspire | 1486 | 19.48 | Lib Dem | 1451 | 19.02 | 35 | 0.46 |
| Spitalfields and Banglatown | Aspire | 1591 | 23.28 | Labour | 1545 | 22.61 | 46 | 0.67 |
| St Dunstan's | Labour | 1840 | 21.74 | Aspire | 1692 | 19.99 | 148 | 1.75 |
| St Katherine's and Wapping | Labour | 1128 | 16.80 | Lib Dem | 961 | 14.31 | 167 | 2.49 |
| Stepney Green | Labour | 1588 | 21.17 | Aspire | 1346 | 17.94 | 242 | 3.23 |
| Weavers | Labour | 1417 | 20.68 | Aspire | 1224 | 17.87 | 193 | 2.81 |
| Whitechapel | Aspire | 1594 | 13.17 | Labour | 1510 | 12.48 | 84 | 0.69 |

## InfoBox

2022 Tower Hamlets Council election
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| ---  All 45 council seats | |
| First party Second party   Leader Lutfur Rahman John Biggs  Party Aspire Labour  Last election 0 seats, 15.4% 42 seats, 46.1%  Seats won 24 19  Seat change  24  23  Percentage 36.95% 36.5%  Swing  21.6%  9.6%   ---  Third party Fourth party   Leader Nathalie Sylvia Bienfait Elliott Weaver  Party Green Conservative  Last election 0 seats, 8.6% 2 seats, 9.9%  Seats won 1 1  Seat change  1  1  Percentage 9% 7.6%  Swing  0.4%  2.3% | |
| ---  Map showing the results of the 2022 Tower Hamlets London Borough Council election. Aspire in orange, Labour in red, Conservatives in blue and Greens in green. | |
| ---  **council control before election**<br><br>Labour **Subsequent council control** <br><br>Aspire | |


title: Seán Ryan (Offaly Gaelic footballer)

abstract: Seán Ryan was an Irish Gaelic footballer. His league and championship career with the Offaly senior team spanned nine seasons from 1959 to 1966. Ryan made his senior debut for Offaly during the 1958-59 league. Over the course of the next nine seasons he won two Leinster medals. Ryan played his last game for Offaly in November 1966.

text:
# Seán Ryan (Offaly Gaelic footballer)

**Seán Ryan** (1939 - 1 March 2012) was an Irish Gaelic footballer. His league and championship career with the Offaly senior team spanned nine seasons from 1959 to 1966.

Ryan made his senior debut for Offaly during the 1958-59 league. Over the course of the next nine seasons he won two Leinster medals. Ryan played his last game for Offaly in November 1966.

## Honours

Offaly

## InfoBox

Seán Ryan
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Irish name | *Seán Ó Riain* | | |
| Sport | Gaelic football | | |
| Position | Midfield | | |
| Born | 1939
Ballinahown, County Offaly, Ireland | | |
| Died | 1 March 2012 (aged 73)
Portarlington, County Offaly, Ireland | | |
| Occupation | Mechanic | | |
| Club(s) | | | |
| Years | **Club** | | |
|  | Doon
St Monica's | | |
| Club titles | | | |
| Offaly titles | 0 | | |
| Inter-county(ies)\* | | | |
| Years | **County** | **Apps (scores)** |
| 1959-1966 | Offaly | 17 |
| Inter-county titles | | | |
| Leinster titles | 2 | | |
| All-Irelands | 0 | | |
| NFL | 0 | | |
| \*Inter County team apps and scores correct as of 00:10, 2 January 2017. | | | |


title: Spa Fields

abstract: Spa Fields is a park and its surrounding area in the London Borough of Islington, bordering Finsbury and Clerkenwell. Historically it is known for the Spa Fields riots of 1816 and an Owenite community which existed there between 1821 and 1824. The park, or open common, was once of 14 hectares but was mostly built over in the 19th century, beginning in the 1830s, and is now a small park, popular with office workers at lunchtime, and as a children's playground. A large surrounding area was once called by the name, but this is now less common. In the 18th century it was a disreputable area, known for "the rude sports that were in vogue, such as duck-hunting, prize-fighting, bull-baiting, and others of an equally demoralising character", and "seems to have been much infected by sneaking footpads, who knocked down pedestrians passing to and from London, and despoiled them of hats, wigs, silver buckles, and money", The moral tone gradually improved after the Spa Fields Chapel was erected in 1777 by the Countess of Huntingdon, a famous Evangelical.

text:
# Spa Fields

**Spa Fields** is a park and its surrounding area in the London Borough of Islington, bordering Finsbury and Clerkenwell. Historically it is known for the Spa Fields riots of 1816 and an Owenite community which existed there between 1821 and 1824. The park, or open common, was once of 14 hectares but was mostly built over in the 19th century, beginning in the 1830s, and is now a small park, popular with office workers at lunchtime, and as a children's playground.

A large surrounding area was once called by the name, but this is now less common. In the 18th century it was a disreputable area, known for "the rude sports that were in vogue, such as duck-hunting, prize-fighting, bull-baiting, and others of an equally demoralising character", and "seems to have been much infected by sneaking footpads, who knocked down pedestrians passing to and from London, and despoiled them of hats, wigs, silver buckles, and money", The moral tone gradually improved after the Spa Fields Chapel was erected in 1777 by the Countess of Huntingdon, a famous Evangelical.

## Owenite community

The community was established in a number of properties at Guildford Street East, Bagnigge Wells Road and Spa Fields, London. The community was based on the cooperative ideas of Robert Owen and was the idea of George Mudie (b. 1788). On 23 January 1821, a group of printers met at Mitchell's Assembly Rooms, London, to discuss Mudie's proposals for a community, and at this meeting a committee was appointed. They met at the Medallic Cabinet, 158 The Strand, to raise money. As part of the fund-raising effort, Mudie began publication of a weekly journal, the *Economist*, which ran from 27 January 1821 to 9 March 1822.

The plan was soon formulated to create a "Co-operative and Economical Society" of 200 families. The male members had to contribute a guinea to the central fund. There would be a communal kitchen and dining hall, plus there were plans for a school as well. The committee calculated that the community would save around £8,000 per year through its own manufacture of various items that it would use. Mudie believed that the community would be able to become independent.

During this period the chairman was George Hinde and one prominent member was the printer Henry Hetherington.

By December 1821, the "Spa Fields Congregational families" had begun to live together. The women worked from 6am to 8pm, and the children were also kept busy "without a moment's intermission". The community advertised various services that they would provide, such as cobbling, painting, haberdashery, etc., and they also announced that they would be opening a school run on approved Fellenbergian lines.

The community also set up a "monitor" system whereby each monitor looked after one person and acted as his "confessor".

Mudie found himself working very hard to maintain the community, but this affected the quality of the *Economist*. The publication ceased in March 1822 and the community continued for another two years. The reasons for its demise are not known, but Mudie immersed himself in another community, at Orbiston, run by Abram Combe, but could not agree with Combe and also left this community after a year or so.

51°31′33″N 0°06′30″W / 51.5257°N 0.1082°W / 51.5257; -0.1082


title: Robin Kelley

abstract: Robin Davis Gibran Kelley is an American historian and academic, who is the Gary B. Nash Professor of American History at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). From 2006 to 2011, he was Professor of American Studies and Ethnicity at the University of Southern California (USC), and from 2003 to 2006 he was the William B. Ransford Professor of Cultural and Historical Studies at Columbia University. From 1994 to 2003, he was a professor of history and Africana Studies at New York University (NYU) as well the chair of NYU's history department from 2002 to 2003. Kelley has also served as a Hess Scholar-in-Residence at Brooklyn College. In the summer of 2000, he was honored as a Montgomery Fellow at Dartmouth College, where he taught and mentored a class of sophomores, as well as wrote the majority of the book Freedom Dreams. During the academic year 2009–10, Kelley served as Harold Vyvyan Harmsworth Professor of American History at Oxford University, the first African-American historian to do so since the chair was established in 1922. He was awarded the Guggenheim Fellowship in 2014. He is also the author of a 2009 biography of Thelonious Monk. Kelley has described himself as a Marxist surrealist feminist.

text:
# Robin Kelley

**Robin Davis Gibran Kelley** (born March 14, 1962) is an American historian and academic, who is the Gary B. Nash Professor of American History at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).

From 2006 to 2011, he was Professor of American Studies and Ethnicity at the University of Southern California (USC), and from 2003 to 2006 he was the William B. Ransford Professor of Cultural and Historical Studies at Columbia University. From 1994 to 2003, he was a professor of history and Africana Studies at New York University (NYU) as well the chair of NYU's history department from 2002 to 2003. Kelley has also served as a Hess Scholar-in-Residence at Brooklyn College. In the summer of 2000, he was honored as a Montgomery Fellow at Dartmouth College, where he taught and mentored a class of sophomores, as well as wrote the majority of the book *Freedom Dreams*.

During the academic year 2009–10, Kelley served as Harold Vyvyan Harmsworth Professor of American History at Oxford University, the first African-American historian to do so since the chair was established in 1922. He was awarded the Guggenheim Fellowship in 2014. He is also the author of a 2009 biography of Thelonious Monk.

Kelley has described himself as a Marxist surrealist feminist.

## Biography

### Early years and education

Born in New York City, Kelley earned his bachelor's degree from California State University, Long Beach, in 1983. By 1987 he had earned a master's in African history and doctorate in US history from UCLA.

### Career

After earning his doctorate, he began his career as an assistant professor at Southeastern Massachusetts University, then to Emory University, and the University of Michigan, where he was promoted to associate professor with tenure. He later moved to the Department of History at New York University (NYU), where he was promoted to the rank of professor and taught courses on U.S. history, African-American history, and popular culture. At the age of 32, he was the youngest full professor at NYU. He is a Distinguished Fellow of the Rothermere American Institute at the University of Oxford.

Kelley has spent most of his career exploring American and African-American history, with a particular emphasis on radical social movements and the political dynamics at work within African-American culture, including jazz, hip-hop, and visual arts.

Although influenced by Marxism, Kelley has eschewed a doctrinaire Marxist approach to aesthetics and culture, preferring a modified surrealist approach. He has described himself in the past as a "Marxist surrealist feminist who is not just anti something but pro-emancipation, pro-liberation."

Kelley has also used the concept of racial capitalism in his work.

## Writing and publications

Kelley has written several books focusing on African-American history and culture as well as race relations, including *Race Rebels: Culture, Politics, and the Black Working Class* (1994), and *Yo' Mama's DisFunktional!: Fighting the Culture Wars in Urban America* (1997). He is also a prolific essayist, having published dozens of articles in scholarly journals, anthologies, and in the popular press, including the *Village Voice*, *Boston Review*, and *The New York Times*.

His book *Thelonious Monk: The Life and Times of an American Original* (Free Press, 2009), received several honors, including Best Book on Jazz from the Jazz Journalists Association and the Ambassador Award for Book of Special Distinction from the English-Speaking Union. It also received the PEN Open Book Award. The family of Thelonious Monk, notably his son T. S. Monk, granted Kelley access to rare historical documents for his biography.

Kelley's 2012 book, *Africa Speaks, America Answers: Modern Jazz in Revolutionary Times* (2012), explores the relationship between jazz and Africa in the era of decolonization and Civil Rights. His works in progress include *A World to Gain: A History of African Americans,* with Earl Lewis and Tera Hunter, and a biography of journalist and adventurer Grace Halsell.

## Bibliography

* *Hammer and Hoe: Alabama Communists During the Great Depression* (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990)
* *Race Rebels: Culture, Politics, and the Black Working Class* (New York: The Free Press, 1994)
* Co-edited with Sidney J. Lemelle, *Imagining Home: Class, Culture, and Nationalism in the African Diaspora* (London: Verso Books, 1995).
* *Into the Fire: African Americans Since 1970* (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996)
* *Yo' Mama's DisFunktional!: Fighting the Culture Wars in Urban America* (Boston: Beacon Press, 1997)
* with Howard Zinn and Dana Frank, *Three Strikes: The Fighting Spirit of Labor's Last Century* (Boston: Beacon Press, 2001)
* *Freedom Dreams: The Black Radical Imagination* (Boston: Beacon Press, 2002)
* Co-edited with Earl Lewis, *To Make Our World Anew: A History of African Americans* (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000). Two-volume edition, 2004.
* *Thelonious Monk: The Life and Times of an American Original* (New York: The Free Press, 2009)
* Co-edited with Franklin Rosemont, *Surrealism - Black, Brown and Beige: Writings and Images from Africa and the African Diaspora* (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2009)
* *Africa Speaks, America Answers: Modern Jazz in Revolutionary Times* (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2012)
* Co-edited with Stephen Tuck, *The Other Special Relationship: Race, Rights and Riots in Britain and the United States* (New York: Palgrave, 2015)
* Co-edited with Jesse Benjamin, *Walter Rodney, The Russian Revolution: A View From the Third World* (New York: Verso, 2018)

## InfoBox

| Robin D. G. Kelley | |
| --- | --- |
| Kelley in a 2014 interview | |
| Born | Robin Davis Gibran Kelley
(1962-03-14) March 14, 1962
New York City, US |
| Occupation | Historian and academic |
| Alma mater | California State University, Long Beach (BA)
University of California, Los Angeles (MA, PhD) |
| Genre | History |
| Employer | UCLA |
| Notable works | *Race Rebels: Culture, Politics, and the Black Working Class* (1994) |


abstract: Vernon County Jail, Sheriff's House and Office, also known as the Bushwhacker Museum, is a historic jail and sheriff's residence located at Nevada, Vernon County, Missouri. The stone building was built in 1871 and consists of: a two-story, rectangular-plan, Federal-style residence; a two-story, four-room office; and a one-story, rectangular jail. The building ceased use as a jail in 1960 and houses a local history museum. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

text:
# Vernon County Jail, Sheriff's House and Office

**Vernon County Jail, Sheriff's House and Office**, also known as the **Bushwhacker Museum**, is a historic jail and sheriff's residence located at Nevada, Vernon County, Missouri. The stone building was built in 1871 and consists of: a two-story, rectangular-plan, Federal-style residence; a two-story, four-room office; and a one-story, rectangular jail. The building ceased use as a jail in 1960 and houses a local history museum.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

Media related to Bushwhacker Museum (Nevada, Missouri) at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Vernon County Jail, Sheriff's House and Office | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Bushwhacker Museum in 2017 | |
|  | |
| Location | 229 N. Main St., Nevada, Missouri |
| Coordinates | 37°50′25″N 94°21′29″W / 37.840145°N 94.358049°W / 37.840145; -94.358049 |
| Built | 1871 (1871) |
| Architect | Libby, C.M.; Fluke, George |
| NRHP reference No. | 77000816 |
| Added to NRHP | August 16, 1977 |


title: Diopter sight

abstract: A diopter sight is an aperture sight component used to assist the aiming of ranged weapons, mainly firearms, airguns, and crossbows. Diopters function to precisely align the shooter's eye with the front sight and the target, while also producing beneficial optical effects for accurate aiming. A diopter must be paired with a complementing front sight element to obtain a usable sighting line. Diopter sights used for modern target shooting allow for very fine windage and elevation adjustments, moving the impact point on the order of less than five millimeters at a range of 100 metres. High end diopters typically accept accessories to aid the shooter's ability to see the target clearly. Diopters are found in particular as rear sight elements on rifles. Diopter and globe sighting setups are commonly used in ISSF rifle shooting events.

text:
# Diopter sight

A **diopter sight** is an aperture sight component used to assist the aiming of ranged weapons, mainly firearms, airguns, and crossbows. Diopters function to precisely align the shooter's eye with the front sight and the target, while also producing beneficial optical effects for accurate aiming. A diopter must be paired with a complementing front sight element to obtain a usable sighting line. Diopter sights used for modern target shooting allow for very fine windage and elevation adjustments, moving the impact point on the order of less than five millimeters at a range of 100 metres. High end diopters typically accept accessories to aid the shooter's ability to see the target clearly.

Diopters are found in particular as rear sight elements on rifles. Diopter and globe sighting setups are commonly used in ISSF rifle shooting events.

## Diopter rear sight

The diopter is in principle a vertically and horizontally (elevation and windage) adjustable occluder with a small hole (aperture), and is placed close in front of the shooter's aiming eye. Through this small hole the shooter can view the front sight component(s) and the intended target. The typical occluder used in target shooting diopters is a disc of about 25 mm (0.98 in) in diameter with a small hole in the middle.

The small diopter viewing opening ensures the shooter's eye is very precisely and consistently centered behind the diopter sight. The diopter sight is easy to use and usually allows for very accurate aiming, because a relative long sighting line can be used. A long sighting line helps to reduce eventual angle errors and will, in case the sight has an incremental adjustment mechanism, adjust in smaller increments when compared to a further identical shorter sighting line.

### Principle

The "diopter sight effect" is achieved when looking through an aperture opening of approximately 1.2 mm (0.047 in) or less, and happens due to an optical phenomenon (edge effects) resulting in the light passing through being parallelized similar to how a collimated lens would. Because of this optical effect the front sight will also appear more steady, even though the shooter moves the head in a way such that the sighting eye moves sideways relative to the rear sight. Also, the depth of field is increased so that both the sights and shooting target will appear sharp at the same time which further simplifies the aiming process.

The parallax distance of a diopter sight is effectively adjusted to be the same as the sight distance. For example, with a distance of 1 m (1.1 yd) between the front and rear sight, the sighting system is effectively parallax adjusted to a distance of 1 m (1.1 yd) in front of the rear sight. However, since the diopter hole is small, the aiming eye will be relatively well centered, and the parallax error will be relatively small in practice. There will be almost no parallax error if the eye and front globe sight are near perfectly centered through the diopter. In comparison, the parallax error on aperture sights with larger openings can increase quickly if the eye is not well centered in the rear sight. A parallax error of just 1 mm (0.039 in) at 1 m (1.1 yd) corresponds to an impact change of 10 cm (3.9 in) at 100 m (109.4 yd).

A rear sight with a larger aperture than 1.2 mm (0.047 in) is not strictly a diopter sight, but nonetheless is still often (incorrectly) referred to as such. With larger aperture sights the shooter must make a conscious effort to center the eye in the rear sight for precise aiming. A true diopter sight (aperture below 1.2 mm) however has the advantage that the shooter does not have to concentrate on eye and rear sight alignment for precision aiming, and therefore the sighting process is reduced to only aligning the front sight to the target.

Aperture sights (both diopter and non-diopter) require being placed close to the aiming eye, while open sights have to be placed at least 30 cm away from the eye to in order to appear sharp.

### Modern target sight setups

Typical modern target shooting diopters offer windage and elevation correction in increments of 2 to 4 mm (0.079 to 0.157 in) at 100 m (109.36 yd) (which equals 0.02 to 0.04 mrad or ≈ 0.069 to 0.172 MOA). Some ISSF (Olympic) shooting events require this precision level for sight adjustment since the score of the top competitors (last) shots series is expressed in tenths of scoring ring points.

High-end target shooting diopters normally accept accessories like:

* Rubber eye shields to restrain glare.
* Anti-glare tubes.
* Adjustable diopter aperture iris diaphragms (typically offering between 0.5 and 3 mm (0.020 and 0.118 in) diameter apertures) to increase the depth of field and reduce reflections.
* Optical filter systems to increase the contrast sensitivity for the aiming eye.
* Semi-transparent occluders for the non-aiming eye to ensure optimal sighting conditions for match shooters.

## Complementing front sight element

The complementing front sight element may be a simple (hooded) bead or post for service arms, but is for target shooting more often a globe type sight, which consists of a hollow cylinder with a threaded cap, which allows interchangeable differently shaped front sight elements to be used. Most common are posts of varying widths and heights or rings or holes of varying diameter — these can be chosen by the shooter for the best fit to the target being used. Tinted transparent plastic insert elements may also be used, with a hole in the middle; these work the same way as an opaque ring, but provide a less obstructed view of the target. High end target front sight tunnels normally also accept accessories like adjustable aperture and optical systems to ensure optimal sighting conditions for match shooters. Some high end target sight line manufacturers also offer front sights with integrated aperture mechanisms.

## Diopter and globe sighting line principle

The use of round rear and front sighting elements for aiming at round targets, like used in ISSF match shooting, takes advantage of the natural ability of the eye and brain to easily align concentric circles (circles all having a common centre).

For optimal aiming and comfort the shooter should focus the aiming eye on the front sighting element. To avoid eye fatigue and improve balance the non-aiming eye should be kept open. The non-aiming eye can be blocked from seeing distractions by mounting a semi-transparent occluder to the diopter.

For maximum precision, there should still be a significant area of white visible around the bullseye and between the front and rear sight ring (if a front ring is being used). Since the best key to determining center is the amount of light passing through the apertures, a narrow, dim ring of light can actually be more difficult to work with than a larger, brighter ring.

The precise sizes of the employed components are quite subjective, and depend on both shooter preference and ambient lighting, which is why target rifles come with easily replaceable front sight inserts, and adjustable aperture mechanisms.


title: Siri Seglem

abstract: Siri Seglem is a Norwegian handball player. She is currently team leader for EH Aalborg in the Damehåndboldligaen. She made her debut on the Norwegian national team in 2006, and has played 23 matches and scored 31 goals. She won a bronze medal at the 2009 World Women's Handball Championship in China.

text:
# Siri Seglem

**Siri Seglem** (born 30 March 1983) is a Norwegian handball player. She is currently team leader for EH Aalborg in the Damehåndboldligaen.

She made her debut on the Norwegian national team in 2006, and has played 23 matches and scored 31 goals.

She won a bronze medal at the 2009 World Women's Handball Championship in China.

## InfoBox

| Siri Seglem | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Born | (1983-03-30) 30 March 1983
Sokndal, Norway | | |
| Nationality | Norwegian | | |
| Height | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Playing position | Centre Back | | |
| Club information | | | |
| Current club | EH Aalborg | | |
| Number | 13 | | |
| Senior clubs | | | |
| Years | **Team** | | |
| 2006–2009 | Team Esbjerg | | |
| 2009–2013 | EH Aalborg | | |
| 2013–2015 | HC Odense | | |
| 2015–2017 | Viborg HK | | |
| 2017–2018 | EH Aalborg | | |
| National team 1 | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2006-2013 | Norway | 23 | (31) |
| Teams managed | | | |
| 2018- | EH Aalborg (team leader) | | |
| Medal record      World Championship  2009 China  Team | | | |
| 1 National team caps and goals correct
as of December 2009 | | | |


title: Sleeping porch

abstract: A sleeping porch is a deck or balcony, sometimes screened or otherwise enclosed with screened windows, and furnished for sleeping in warmer months. They can be on ground level or on a higher storey and on any side of a home. A sleeping porch allows residents to sleep on a screened-in porch, avoiding warm convection currents from air and wall materials beneath or beside. Before affordable electric fans and/or air conditioning were installed, families often created such rooms, well-aired, where children would sleep during summer. The idea gained popularity in the early 1900s and became common in much of the United States.

text:
# Sleeping porch

A **sleeping porch** is a deck or balcony, sometimes screened or otherwise enclosed with screened windows, and furnished for sleeping in warmer months. They can be on ground level or on a higher storey and on any side of a home. A sleeping porch allows residents to sleep on a screened-in porch, avoiding warm convection currents from air and wall materials beneath or beside. Before affordable electric fans and/or air conditioning were installed, families often created such rooms, well-aired, where children would sleep during summer. The idea gained popularity in the early 1900s and became common in much of the United States.


title: The World Ain't Round It's Square

abstract: "The World Ain't Round It's Square" is a song recorded in 1966 by The Savages, a garage rock band from Bermuda and was written by Howie Rego and Bobby Zuill. It was recorded live at the Hub, a nightclub at the Princess Hotel in Bermuda and appeared on their live album taped from the event, Live 'n Wild. The song has been mentioned as a landmark anthem of 1960s youthful defiance and is ranked #4 in the list of the 1000 greatest garage rock records in Mike Markesich's Teenbeat Mayhem. It has been featured on the Teenage Shutdown! The World Ain't Round, It's Square! compilation as well as included the reissue of Live 'n Wild.

text:
# The World Ain't Round It's Square

**"The World Ain't Round It's Square"** is a song recorded in 1966 by The Savages, a garage rock band from Bermuda and was written by Howie Rego and Bobby Zuill. It was recorded live at the Hub, a nightclub at the Princess Hotel in Bermuda and appeared on their live album taped from the event, *Live 'n Wild.* The song has been mentioned as a landmark anthem of 1960s youthful defiance and is ranked #4 in the list of the 1000 greatest garage rock records in Mike Markesich's *Teenbeat Mayhem*. It has been featured on the *Teenage Shutdown! The World Ain't Round, It's Square!* compilation as well as included the reissue of *Live 'n Wild.*

## History

### Background

"The World Ain't Round It's Square" was written by Howie Rego and Bobby Zuill and performed by the Savages from Bermuda. The Savages were formed in 1965. Their membership consisted of Paul Muggleton and Jimmy O'Connor on guitar, Zuill, on bass, and Rego, on drums. Muggleton usually handled lead vocals, but Zuill sang lead on "The World Ain't Round, It's Square." The band were able to gain a residence at the Hub, a nightclub at the Princess Hotel, sometimes doing as many a three gigs a day, often for American college students on vacation. They signed a recording contract with the Duane label, run by Eddie DeMello, who would also manage the band and produce their material.

On February 6, 1966, the Savages were recorded during a live performance in front of about 150 patrons at the Hub, a nightclub at the Princess Hotel, which featured the band doing several songs such as "The World Ain't Round It's Square," sung in a scowling voice by Bobby Zuill. According to Rob Zuill, "...we were so scared that we played everything too fast…" "The World Ain't Round It's Square" would appear on the resulting 1966 album, *Live 'n Wild,* taped from the show and released on Duane Records. The song would appear on a single later that year b/w "You're on my Mind." The band's manager set up a tour of the West Indies for the band and arranged for them to go to New York to play and record. However, just as they were beginning to establish themselves in New York, the members got involved in a life-threatening incident, provoked by two members of the band. As a result of hard feelings created by the incident, the band broke up before the end of the year.

### Legacy

"The World Ain't Round It's Square" is now considered seminal anthem of youthful defiance and is considered one of the greatest songs in garage rock. In Mike Markesich's *Teenbeat Mayhem,* according to the polling of a handful of preeminent garage rock writers and experts, the song is rated as a ten out of ten, and ranked at #4 in the list of the 1000 greatest garage rock records, placing it in the top five of all time, according to that poll. The song has appeared on the *Teenage Shutdown! The World Ain't Round, It's Square!* compilation named for the song, as well as on the reissue of *Live 'n Wild.*

## Discography

### Album

* *Live 'n Wild* (Duane ELP 1047, rel. 1966)

### Single

* "The World Ain't Round It's Square" b/w "You're on My Mind" (Duane 1054, rel. 1966)

### Notes

1. NOTE: We have not presented the title of the song with a comma in between clauses, because that is not the way it was printed on either of the labels on the 1966 Duane Records album, *Live 'n Wild,* or on the single released by Duane, nor on the back cover of the album. Some sources and compilations insert a comma in the title, but we have kept it in its original form out of respect for the song. For photographs of the original single and album, see the article in Garage Hangover.
2. Bishop, Chris. "The Savages – Live 'n' Wild." Garage Hangover. November 14, 2006 (updated January 26, 2007) http://www.garagehangover.com/savages/
3. "The Savages – Live 'n Wild (Crude 60s Garage Bermuda 1966)." Psychedelic Rock 'n' Roll. https://web.archive.org/web/20150610085836/http://psychedelic-rocknroll.blogspot.com/2009/12/savages-live-n-wild-bermuda-duane-1966.html
4. Unterberger, Richie. "The Savages: Artist Profile." Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-savages-mn0001217264/biography
5. Markesich, Mike (2012). *Teen Beat Mayhem* (First ed.). Branford, Connecticut: Priceless Info Press. pp. 209, 387. ISBN 978-0-9856482-5-1.
6. "The Savages "Live 'N Wild"". *Rising Storm*. May 29, 2007. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
7. "Various – The World Ain't Round, It's Square! (17 Paint-Peeling Garage-Punk Monsters!!!)". *Discogs*. Discogs®. 1998. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
8. "The Savages – Live'n Wild". *Discogs*. Discogs®. Retrieved October 24, 2015.

## InfoBox

| "The World Ain't Round It's Square" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by The Savages | |
| A-side | "The World Ain't Round, it's Square" |
| B-side | "You're on My Mind" |
| Released | 1966 |
| Recorded | 1966 |
| Genre | Garage rock |
| Length | 2:53 |
| Label | Duane |
| Songwriter(s) | Howie Rego and Bobby Zuill |
| Producer(s) | Eddie DeMello |


title: John Whitfield (actor)

abstract: John Whitfield (1752–1814) was a British stage actor. He was part of the Covent Garden and Drury Lane companies, playing over two hundred roles. He often appeared alongside his wife Mary Whitfield.

text:
# John Whitfield (actor)

**John Whitfield** (1752–1814) was a British stage actor.

He was part of the Covent Garden and Drury Lane companies, playing over two hundred roles. He often appeared alongside his wife Mary Whitfield.

## Selected roles

## Bibliography

* Cox, Jeffrey N. & Gamer, Michael. *The Broadview Anthology of Romantic Drama*. Broadview Press, 2003.
* Highfill, Philip H, Burnim, Kalman A. & Langhans, Edward A. *A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers, and Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660-1800*. SIU Press, 1973.
* Straub, Kristina, G. Anderson, Misty and O'Quinn, Daniel. *The Routledge Anthology of Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Drama*. Taylor & Francis, 2017.


abstract: Santa María Magdalena was a 38-gun Spanish frigate built at Ferrol, Galicia in 1773. She sank, together with another ship, the Palomo, in a storm off the coast of Galicia, Spain, 31 October/2 November 1810. Of the 508 people on board, 500 perished in the storm, including her captain, Blas Salcedo y Salcedo, and the commander-in-chief of the Expedition, Joaquín Zarauz. Of the eight that managed to reach shore, five later died of their injuries. Captain Salcedo's body was later found embracing that of his son, who had also perished in the storm. As a result, a Royal Order was issued prohibiting fathers and sons or brothers and brothers being part of the crew on the same ship. The wreck of the Magdalena lies just off the beach of Covas (Viveiro), in Lugo.

text:
# Spanish frigate Santa María Magdalena (1773)

***Santa María Magdalena*** was a 38-gun Spanish frigate built at Ferrol, Galicia in 1773. She sank, together with another ship, the *Palomo*, in a storm off the coast of Galicia, Spain, 31 October/2 November 1810. Of the 508 people on board, 500 perished in the storm, including her captain, Blas Salcedo y Salcedo, and the commander-in-chief of the Expedition, Joaquín Zarauz. Of the eight that managed to reach shore, five later died of their injuries.

Captain Salcedo's body was later found embracing that of his son, who had also perished in the storm. As a result, a Royal Order (*Orden Real*) was issued prohibiting fathers and sons or brothers and brothers being part of the crew on the same ship.

The wreck of the *Magdalena* lies just off the beach of Covas (Viveiro), in Lugo.

## Construction

*Magdalena* was built at the Royal Dockyards of Esteiro at Ferrol, Galicia in 1773.

## Service history

At the start of the Anglo-Spanish War, José Caro Sureda, younger brother of Pedro Caro y Sureda, Marquis of La Romana, was given command of the *Magdalena*, sailing from Cádiz in April 1805 as part of the Spanish squadron led by Federico Gravina, headed for Martinique where, at the Battle of Diamond Rock, a large combined Franco-Spanish fleet was able to oust the British garrison the following month.

### Peninsular War

#### Cantabrian Expedition

As part of a plan to establish a base from which to free the western part of the coast of the Cantabrian Sea of French troops and then move on to Guetaria to free up the central and eastern coast of the region, thus cutting Irun off as a port of entry for French supplies to Spain, the Anglo-Spanish squadron, under the command of Joaquín Zarauz, and made up of five frigates, two brigantines and several smaller vessels, plus a landing force of two thousand troops, sailed from La Coruña on 14 October 1810, and headed for Santoña, then in the hands of the French.

### Sinking

Having lost its main anchor at Santoña, as had the *Paloma*, the *Magdalena* crashed into HMS *Narcissus*, the lead ship of the Royal Navy *Narcissus*-class 32-gun fifth-rate frigates which, managing to free herself from the *Magdalena* headed out to sea. However, the main mast of the *Magdalena* broke and in its fall made several holes in the hull, while the wind pushed the ship further towards the beach. At the same time, the *Palomo* was also pushed towards the nearby cliffs and was destroyed.

## TV documentary

In 2020, Spain's RTVE produced a 48-minute documentary about the wreck of the *Magdalena*.

1. (in Spanish). Villa Caro, Raúl. "Fragata Santa María Magdalena de la Armada Española y la leyenda del pescador Almanegra". *Fundación Exponav*. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
2. (in Spanish). González Fernández, Marcelino. "Blas Salcedo y Salcedo". Real Academia de la Historia. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
3. (in Spanish). Fernández Duro, Cesáreo (1867). *Naufragios de la Armada Española...*, pp. 219–225, 407, 420. Diaz y Lopez. *Google Books*. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
4. (in Spanish). "Sinopsis". RTVE. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
5. (in Spanish). Martín-Lanuza, Alberto. "José Caro Sureda". Real Academia de la Historia. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
6. *Santa María Magdalena*. 20/09/2020. *RTVE*. Retrieved 19 May 2023.

## InfoBox

| 114 scale model of the *Santa María Magdalena* at Spain's National Exhibition of Ship Building in Ferrol, Spain | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Spain | |
| Name | *Santa María Magdalena* |
| Launched | 1773 |
| Fate | Sunk |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | 38-gun frigate |
| Displacement | 500 tonnes |
| Length | 41 m (134 ft 6 in) |
| Beam | 10 m (32 ft 10 in) |
| Propulsion | Sail |
| Armament | 38 guns |


title: Big Whopper mine

abstract: The Big Whopper mine is a large mine located at Separation Lake, in Ontario, Canada. Big Whopper represents one of the largest tantalum reserves in Canada having estimated reserves of 13.8 million tonnes of ore grading 0.007% tantalum and 1.34% lithium.

text:
# Big Whopper mine

The **Big Whopper mine** is a large mine located at Separation Lake, in Ontario, Canada. Big Whopper represents one of the largest tantalum reserves in Canada having estimated reserves of 13.8 million tonnes of ore grading 0.007% tantalum and 1.34% lithium.

50°14′47″N 94°23′46″W / 50.2465°N 94.396°W / 50.2465; -94.396

## InfoBox

Big Whopper mine
| Location | |
| --- | --- |
| Big Whopper mine | |
| Ontario | |
| Country | Canada |
| Coordinates | 50°15′45″N 94°33′51.98″W / 50.26250°N 94.5644389°W / 50.26250; -94.5644389 |
| Production | |
| Products | Tantalum |