title: Edward Adam Strecker

abstract: Edward Adam Strecker, M.D. (1886–1959) was an American physician, a psychiatric educator, a professor of psychiatry at several medical schools, and a leader in American psychiatry during the mid-twentieth century. Strecker was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and received his early education at parochial schools, including St. Joseph's College and La Salle College in Philadelphia. He entered Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia in 1907, and graduated in 1911. After his internship at St. Agnes Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, he joined the staff of the Pennsylvania Hospital (Philadelphia) in 1913. He also taught psychiatry at Jefferson Medical College where he was later appointed professor of psychiatry and neurology. In 1925, he moved to Yale University as professor of psychiatry and taught until 1931 when he returned to Philadelphia to resume teaching at Jefferson Medical College. In 1932, he accepted an appointment as professor and chair of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania Medical College, where he remained until retirement in 1952. During World War I, Strecker entered the U.S. Army at the rank of major and served as a divisional psychiatrist in France. During World War II, he served as a consultant to the Army and was active in recruiting and training psychiatrists to serve in the Army. Strecker played a major role in American psychiatry as a teacher, and he consulted for numerous government agencies and organizations. He was a member of the Philadelphia County Medical Society, the Pennsylvania Medical Society, the American College of Physicians, a member of the Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, the American Neurological Association, the American Psychiatric Association, and a Fellow of the Royal Medico-Psychological Association of Great Britain. He delivered the Salmon Lecture of the New York Academy of Medicine in 1939. He was awarded honorary degrees from La Salle College (D.Litt.), St. Joseph's College (D.Sc.), and Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania (LLD). Strecker's professional writings reflect his active career. He published over 100 monographs and journal articles including his textbooks on psychiatry and neurology. His first textbook, Practical Clinical Psychiatry, was co-authored with Franklin Ebaugh, professor of psychiatry at Colorado Medical School, and had eight editions (1940–1957). Strecker later wrote Fundamentals of Psychiatry with other professionals, and the book had six editions (1942–1952). His teaching was based on a case record approach which followed Adolph Meyer, M.D. professor of psychiatry at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland. Meyer believed that psychiatric illness was part of the life trajectory of the patient. While Strecker's early publications were based on descriptive psychiatry, his later monographs and articles included the contributions of psychoanalytic theory and practice in the understanding and treatment of mental illness. Strecker retired from teaching in 1952. He died of lung cancer in Jefferson Hospital in 1959.

text:
# Edward Adam Strecker

**Edward Adam Strecker, M.D.** (1886–1959) was an American physician, a psychiatric educator, a professor of psychiatry at several medical schools, and a leader in American psychiatry during the mid-twentieth century.

Strecker was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and received his early education at parochial schools, including St. Joseph's College and La Salle College in Philadelphia. He entered Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia in 1907, and graduated in 1911. After his internship at St. Agnes Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, he joined the staff of the Pennsylvania Hospital (Philadelphia) in 1913. He also taught psychiatry at Jefferson Medical College where he was later appointed professor of psychiatry and neurology. In 1925, he moved to Yale University as professor of psychiatry and taught until 1931 when he returned to Philadelphia to resume teaching at Jefferson Medical College. In 1932, he accepted an appointment as professor and chair of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania Medical College, where he remained until retirement in 1952.

During World War I, Strecker entered the U.S. Army at the rank of major and served as a divisional psychiatrist in France. During World War II, he served as a consultant to the Army and was active in recruiting and training psychiatrists to serve in the Army.

Strecker played a major role in American psychiatry as a teacher, and he consulted for numerous government agencies and organizations. He was a member of the Philadelphia County Medical Society, the Pennsylvania Medical Society, the American College of Physicians, a member of the Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, the American Neurological Association (vice President, 1942), the American Psychiatric Association (president, 1943–1944), and a Fellow of the Royal Medico-Psychological Association of Great Britain. He delivered the Salmon Lecture of the New York Academy of Medicine in 1939. He was awarded honorary degrees from La Salle College (D.Litt.), St. Joseph's College (D.Sc.), and Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania (LLD).

Strecker's professional writings reflect his active career. He published over 100 monographs and journal articles including his textbooks on psychiatry and neurology. His first textbook, *Practical Clinical Psychiatry*, was co-authored with Franklin Ebaugh, professor of psychiatry at Colorado Medical School, and had eight editions (1940–1957). Strecker later wrote *Fundamentals of Psychiatry* with other professionals, and the book had six editions (1942–1952). His teaching was based on a case record approach which followed Adolph Meyer, M.D. professor of psychiatry at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland. Meyer believed that psychiatric illness was part of the life trajectory of the patient. While Strecker's early publications were based on descriptive psychiatry, his later monographs and articles included the contributions of psychoanalytic theory and practice in the understanding and treatment of mental illness.

Strecker retired from teaching in 1952. He died of lung cancer in Jefferson Hospital in 1959.

## Works

* Strecker, Edward A. "An Evaluation of Paraphrenia," *New York Medical Journal* (August 1916).
* Strecker, Edward A. "The Continuous Bath in Mental Disease," *Journal of the American Medical Association* LXVIII (16 June 1917): 1796–1799.
* Strecker, Edward A., and Franklin G. Ebaugh. *Practical Clinical Psychiatry for Students and Practitioners*. Philadelphia, Blakiston, 1925.
* Strecker, Edward A., and Kenneth E. Appel. *Discovering Ourselves: A View of the Human Mind and How it Works*. New York, The Macmillan Co., 1931.
* Chaplin, Hugh, and Edward A. Strecker. *Signs of Health in Childhood*. New York, American Child Health Association, 1934.
* Appel, Kenneth E., and Edward A. Strecker. *Practical Examination of Personality and Behavior Disorders: Adults and Children*. New York, Macmillan, 1936.
* Strecker, Edward A., and Francis Taylor Chambers. *Alcohol: One Man's Meat*. New York, The Macmillan Co., 1938.
* Strecker, Edward A. *Beyond the Clinical Frontiers: A Psychiatrist Views Crowd Behavior*. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1940.
* Strecker, Edward A. *Fundamentals of Psychiatry*. Philadelphia: Lippincott, \[1942\].
* Strecker, Edward A., and Kenneth E. Appel. *Psychiatry in Modern Warfare*. New York, The Macmillan Co., 1945.
* Strecker, Edward A. *Their Mother's Sons: The Psychiatrist Examines an American Problem*. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1946.
* Strecker, Edward A. *Basic Psychiatry*. New York: Random House, 1952.
* Strecker, Edward A., and Vincent T. Lathbury. *Their Mother's Daughters*. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1956.

1.


title: C. C. Downey

abstract: Clarence C. Downey, was a Canadian lawyer and municipal politician in Toronto, Ontario. He was born in Toronto, Ontario, and was educated at the University of Toronto and Osgoode Hall Law School. He lived in the Toronto suburb of Swansea, and served on the Swansea Village Council from 1928 until 1945, as Councillor, Deputy Reeve, and Reeve. He was the senior partner in the law firm of Downey, Shand and Robertson, and was made a King's Counsel in 1941. He was appointed a TTC Commissioner in 1960, and served as chairman from 1960 to 1963. He remained a Commissioner until 1968.

text:
# C. C. Downey

**Clarence C. Downey**, QC (1897-June 8, 1982) was a Canadian lawyer and municipal politician in Toronto, Ontario.

He was born in Toronto, Ontario, and was educated at the University of Toronto and Osgoode Hall Law School. He lived in the Toronto suburb of Swansea, and served on the Swansea Village Council from 1928 until 1945, as Councillor, Deputy Reeve, and Reeve. He was the senior partner in the law firm of Downey, Shand and Robertson, and was made a King's Counsel in 1941. He was appointed a TTC Commissioner in 1960, and served as chairman from 1960 to 1963. He remained a Commissioner until 1968.

## InfoBox

| Clarence Downey | |
| --- | --- |
| Downey, c.1960 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
|  | |


title: Cyaniriodes

abstract: Cyaniriodes is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The genus was erected by Lionel de Nicéville in 1890.

text:
# Cyaniriodes

***Cyaniriodes*** is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The genus was erected by Lionel de Nicéville in 1890.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Cyaniriodes* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Cyaniriodes libna* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lycaenidae |
| Subfamily: | Poritiinae |
| Genus: | *Cyaniriodes*<br>de Nicéville, 1890 |
|


title: SEZ Corridor

abstract: The SEZ Corridor is an emerging corridor implementing a number of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) along the Grand Southern Trunk Road in Chennai. Started with the establishment of the Madras Export Processing Zone in 1984, the SEZ corridor currently has 5 operational SEZs and over 10 approved projects in development. The GST Road is widely made use of for SEZ projects due to its connectivity with various means of transport by road, rail and air. This is evident by the presence of the Chennai International Airport, various railway stations parallel to the road, and also its connectivity to the complex road network of the National Highways Authority of India.

text:
# SEZ Corridor

The **SEZ Corridor**  is an emerging corridor implementing a number of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) along the Grand Southern Trunk Road (NH 45) in Chennai. Started with the establishment of the Madras Export Processing Zone in 1984 (converted to a SEZ in 2003), the SEZ corridor currently has 5 operational SEZs and over 10 approved projects in development. The GST Road is widely made use of for SEZ projects due to its connectivity with various means of transport by road, rail and air. This is evident by the presence of the Chennai International Airport, various railway stations parallel to the road, and also its connectivity to the complex road network of the National Highways Authority of India.

## SEZs

A number of SEZ projects has emerged in this stretch, making it the SEZ corridor of Chennai. It includes MEPZ SEZ established in 1984, Mahindra World City, New Chennai, Shriram Properties's Gateway SEZ, Estancia SEZ and ETL Infrastructure.

It is also emerging as a major IT SEZ region with a number of huge investments by Infosys. Infosys has set up its largest development center in Mahindra SEZ while India Land Tech Park is developing a massive 500-acre (2.0 km2) SEZ which is estimated to have 20,900,000 sq ft (1,940,000 m2) office space for both IT and Electronics use. Shriram The Gateway SEZ, is an integrated township with IT/ITeS SEZ residential and mall, which is also home for IT majors like Accenture, ReDIM Information Systems and EISL is an IT/ITES SEZ by ETL Infrastructure at Chengalpattu on 260 acres (1.1 km2).


title: Brave New Voices

abstract: Brave New Voices (BNV) is a youth spoken word festival created by the nonprofit organization Youth Speaks in 1998. Its conception was inspired by the inaugural Youth Speaks Teen Poetry Slam in San Francisco, California, which was the first poetry slam dedicated to youth in the world. In the years since, Brave New Voices has grown to represent young writers from the ages of 13 to 19, and it is the largest ongoing spoken word festival in the world. BNV's main event is the International Youth Poetry Slam, where as many as 50 teams, each composed of 4-6 youths, compete for title of best poetry slam team in the world. The final teams are judged by a jury composed of artistic personalities such as illusionist and TV host Penn Jillette, poets Mayda Del Valle and Beau Sia, musician Talib Kweli and actress Sanaa Lathan. In 2008 and 2010, the final rounds of the Brave New Voices Poetry Slam aired on HBO.

text:
# Brave New Voices

**Brave New Voices (BNV)** is a youth spoken word festival created by the nonprofit organization Youth Speaks in 1998. Its conception was inspired by the inaugural Youth Speaks Teen Poetry Slam in San Francisco, California, which was the first poetry slam dedicated to youth in the world. In the years since, Brave New Voices has grown to represent young writers from the ages of 13 to 19, and it is the largest ongoing spoken word festival in the world.

BNV's main event is the International Youth Poetry Slam, where as many as 50 teams, each composed of 4-6 youths, compete for title of best poetry slam team in the world. The final teams are judged by a jury composed of artistic personalities such as illusionist and TV host Penn Jillette, poets Mayda Del Valle and Beau Sia, musician Talib Kweli and actress Sanaa Lathan.

In 2008 and 2010, the final rounds of the Brave New Voices Poetry Slam aired on HBO.

## HBO Presents Brave New Voices

James Kass, Marc Bamuthi Joseph and others had worked with Stan Lathan for several years to make sure that young people were booked on HBO's Def Poetry Jam. Before Russell Simmons and Lathan launched Def Poetry Jam on Broadway, they tried it out in San Francisco, finding appreciative audiences and new talents there. Kass, Bamuthi and others pitched the idea of the Brave New Voices series to Hollywood, and Lathan agreed to make it happen. He brought it to HBO, where young poets could tell their stories without fear of censorship.

Youth Speaks had collaborated with HBO's Def Poetry in previous years, but their 2008 docuseries was their first direct partnership with HBO and the Simmons Lathan Media Group. HBO additionally provided corporate support for the 2008 and 2010 Brave New Voices Festivals.

## The Brave New Voices International Youth Poetry Slam Festival

Brave New Voices is a program of Youth Speaks in San Francisco. The pedagogy of Brave New Voices was designed by Hodari Davis, who produced the festival alongside Joan Osato for over a decade. The festival is produced by alumni of the Brave New Voices community, referred to as Future Corps, every year in a different city around the United States.

The festival has happened annually since 1997, and first began as a 2-3 day experience for 5 teams. Since then it has grown to an annual competition featuring as many as 50 teams from the United States and around the world. BNV has been held in a number of different cities, including San Francisco, New York City, Washington DC, Los Angeles, Houston, San Jose, Chicago, Las Vegas, Philadelphia, Oakland, and Atlanta.

During the Brave New Voices Festival, smaller events have been held that are open to all festival participants. There are many different types of competitions and events including Speak Green, MC Olympics, the Individual Poetry Slam, Queeriosity, and Live is Living. The winners and stand-out performers from these events are often highlighted during the festival, featured in social media and on YouTube, and have been given other performance opportunities outside of the festival.

### International Youth Poetry Slam

The youth poetry slam hosts a number of preliminary events to reduce the number of competing teams to four. The process includes 2 quarterfinal rounds, where every registered competing team can participate. It is then followed by 4-5 semifinal rounds featuring the top 20 teams from quarterfinals. The winner of each semifinal bout then proceeds to final stage. Each slam is 4-5 rounds long and includes one speed round. Both group poems and individual poems are performed, and each slam is judged by 5 members from the community of the host city. These judges are often BNV partner affiliates, civic leaders, teachers, poets, celebrities, and other local volunteers.

Semifinal bouts have previously been held in prestigious venues around the United States, including Constitution Hall, the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, and the University of Chicago. The competition's final stage has had audiences of well over 2,000 people, and has been held in venues such as the Apollo Theater, the San Francisco Opera House, and the Chicago Theater.

### Speak Green

Initially introduced in 2007 and hosted until 2012, Speak Green was a competition where participants wrote and performed poems about the environment and environmental justice. The event was a collaboration between Youth Speaks and the Robert Redford Sundance Institute. The top poets from the competition subsequently formed the Green Team for their year. Past members of the Green Team were able to perform at the Sundance Film Festival, the U.S. Greenbuild International Conference and Expo and the Kennedy Center. James Redford—son of Robert Redford, a sponsor of Speak Green—has spoken publicly about the Green Team's efforts, saying, "Artists like the Green Team poets have the power to remind us of the power of our own humanity. By taking something as broad as climate change, and running it through the prism of personal experience and artistic expression, well, what emerges are stories of undeniable honesty and power, stories that can inspire commitments to action, solutions, and change."

### MC Olympics

Initially introduced in 2009, the MC Olympics is a rap competition inspired by the work of Young Chicago Authors. BNV established a National MC Olympics competition "as a model to engage rappers in the poet community". The competition is open to all participants of Brave New Voices, and each phase of the competition focuses on a certain style or technique of rapping such as freestyling and written verses. Each year, the winner of the competition each year is awarded a trophy.

### Life is Living

Initially introduced in 2008 and hosted at BNV until 2021, Live is Living was an annual service project aimed at making a lasting contribution to the cities that hosted the festival. The BNV Life is Living Experience featured community activism, street parades, gardening, live performances, and celebration at the urban centers of these cities. Each year, 600 to 800 people provided physical support for local communities. Life is Living also hosted performances from artists including Saul Williams, Pharaoh Monch, Mick Jenkins, George Watsky, Chinaka Hodge, Jamila Woods, and Theaster Gates.

### Queeriosity

Introduced in 2010, Queeriosity is an open mic for LGBT poets inspired by the work of Youth Speaks in the San Francisco Bay Area. The event is open to all festival participants, including youth poets, team coaches, and festival staff. In some festival years, the event has also been opened with a performance or workshop relevant to the city's LGBT community. In 2023, Queeriosity began with a Ballroom workshop.

## Competition Finalists

### International Youth Poetry Slam

| Year | Winner | Runners Up | Host City |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2023 | Meta-Four Houston | (2) Urban Word NYC (3) Southern Word (Nashville, TN)
(4) Sacramento Area Youth Speaks | San Francisco Bay Area, CA |
| 2021 | Run DSM (Des Moines, IA) | (2) Dewmore Baltimore (3) Hampton Roads Youth Poets
(4) Urb Arts (St. Louis, MO) | Virtual |
| 2020 | Urb Arts (St. Louis, MO) | (2) Get Lit (Los Angeles) (3) Poetic Pathos (Fayetteville, NC)
(4) Miami Gardens, FL | Virtual |
| 2019 | Urb Arts (St. Louis, MO) | (2) Young Chicago Authors (3) Youth Speaks Seattle
(4) Just Say It (Newark, NJ) | Las Vegas, NV |
| 2018 | Dewmore Baltimore | (2) ROOTS Poetry Slam (Trinidad and Tobago) (3) Sacramento Area Youth Speaks
(4) Mass LEAP (Boston, MA) | Houston, TX |
| 2017 | Forward Arts (Baton Rouge, LA) | (2) Mass LEAP (Boston, MA) (3) Atlanta Word Works
(4) Philly Youth Poetry Movement | San Francisco Bay Area, CA |
| 2016 | Dewmore Baltimore | (2) Hampton Roads Youth Poets (3) Atlanta Word Works
(4) Young Chicago Authors | Washington, D.C. |
| 2015 | Philadelphia Youth Poetry Movement | (2) Atlanta Word Works (3) Fort Worth, TX
(4) Minor Disturbance (Denver, CO) | Atlanta, GA |
| 2014 | Washington, D.C. | (2) Cape Town, South Africa (3) Get Lit (Los Angeles, CA)
(4) Minor Disturbance (Denver, CO) | Philadelphia, PA |
| 2013 | Minor Disturbance (Denver, CO) | (2) Washington, D.C. (3) Urban Word NYC
(4) Albuquerque, NM | Chicago, IL |
| 2012 | Minor Disturbance (Denver, CO) | (2) Philly Youth Poetry Movement (3) Richmond, VA
(4) Youth Speaks Bay Area | San Francisco Bay Area, CA |
| 2011 | Philadelphia Youth Poetry Movement | (2) Urban Word NYC (3) Minor Disturbance (Denver, CO)
(4) Detroit, MI | San Francisco Bay Area, CA |
| 2010 | Urban Word NYC | (2) Youth Speaks Bay Area (3) Albuquerque, NM
(4) Minor Disturbance (Denver, CO) | Los Angeles, CA |
| 2009 | Youth Speaks Hawai'i | (2) Leeds Young Authors (Leeds, England) (3) Youth Speaks Bay Area
(4) Jacksonville, FL | Chicago, IL |
| 2008 | Youth Speaks Hawai'i | (2) Urban Word NYC (3) Young Chicago Authors
(4) Rochester, NY | Washington, D.C. |
| 2007 | Philadelphia Youth Poetry Movement | (2) Providence, RI (3) Urban Word NYC
(4) Cleveland, OH | San Jose, CA |
| 2006 | Youth Speaks Bay Area | (2) Urban Word NYC (3) Philly Youth Poetry Movement
(4) Providence, RI | New York City, NY |
| 2005 | Urban Word NYC | (2) Youth Speaks Bay Area (3) Chico Speaks (Chico, CA) | San Francisco Bay Area, CA |

### MC Olympic Champions

| Year | Winner |
| --- | --- |
| 2020 | Malick Da Blackstract (Savannah, GA) |
| 2018 | Mailo (Atlanta, GA) |
| 2016 | Amari Chatmon (Bay Area, CA) |
| 2015 | Issa Shomari Jackson (Sacramento, CA) |
| 2014 | Juwan Seaton (Philadelphia, PA) |
| 2013 | Joey Davis (Kansas City, KS) |
| 2012 | Robyn Kidd (Houston, TX) |
| 2011 | Robyn Kidd (Houston, TX) |
| 2010 | Eli Lynch (Denver, CO) |
| 2009 | Trey Amos (Nashville, TN) |

### Individual Poetry Slam Champions

| Year | Winner | Runner Up |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2012 | Daisy Armstrong (Stockton, CA) | Kai Davis (Philadelphia) |

---


title: Brave New Hope

abstract: Brave New Hope is an EP by Polish singer Basia, released by Epic Records in 1990.

text:
# Brave New Hope

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Brave New Hope*** is an EP by Polish singer Basia, released by Epic Records in 1990.

## Overview

The compilation was originally released in the United States as an EP featuring seven songs (Epic CD 49K-73593). Of these, the title track is presented twice: in its original version from the album *London Warsaw New York* and also in a new mix (subtitled "Brave New Mix"). The other tracks include Phil Harding remixes of two other songs from *London Warsaw New York*: "Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)" and "Cruising for Bruising", an alternative version of "From Now On", first available on Basia's 1986 single "Run for Cover", and two non-album songs, "Masquerade" and "Come to Heaven", previously available only as B-sides on singles "Baby You're Mine" and "Cruising for Bruising", respectively. A later release of the album (Epic CD EK 48644) added two more songs, "Give Me That" and "Forgive and Forget", previously unavailable on the US market and only released as B-sides in Europe and Japanese edition of *Time and Tide*. The compilation wasn't available in Japan, where instead the new mix of "Brave New Hope" was released as a CD single, backed with the remix of "Until You Come Back to Me".

## Track listing

### Original release

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Brave New Hope" | Danny White, Basia Trzetrzelewska | 4:06 |
| 2. | "Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)" (Phil Harding 12" Remix) | Stevie Wonder, Clarence Paul, Morris Broadnax | 6:35 |
| 3. | "Brave New Hope" (Brave New Mix) | White, Trzetrzelewska | 4:06 |
| 4. | "Cruising for Bruising" (Phil Harding 12" Remix) | White, Trzetrzelewska | 6:46 |
| 5. | "From Now On" (Band Version) | Trzetrzelewska, White | 4:05 |
| 6. | "Masquerade" | Trzetrzelewska, White, Peter Ross | 4:32 |
| 7. | "Come to Heaven" | Trzetrzelewska, White, Ross | 4:10 |

### Reissue

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Brave New Hope" | Danny White, Basia Trzetrzelewska | 4:06 |
| 2. | "Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)" (12" Remix) | Stevie Wonder, Clarence Paul, Morris Broadnax | 6:38 |
| 3. | "Brave New Hope" (Brave New Mix) | White, Trzetrzelewska | 4:07 |
| 4. | "Give Me That" | Trzetrzelewska, White | 4:24 |
| 5. | "Cruising for Bruising" (12" Remix) | White, Trzetrzelewska | 6:48 |
| 6. | "Forgive and Forget" | Trzetrzelewska, White | 3:14 |
| 7. | "From Now On" (Band Version) | Trzetrzelewska, White | 4:05 |
| 8. | "Masquerade" | Trzetrzelewska, White, Peter Ross | 4:33 |
| 9. | "Come to Heaven" | Trzetrzelewska, White, Ross | 4:09 |

## InfoBox

| Brave New Hope | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Basia | |
| Released | 1990 |
| Recorded | 1986–1990 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 34:26 (original release)
42:10 (reissue) |
| Label | Epic |
| Producer |  |
| Basia chronology | |
| *London Warsaw New York*
(1990) ***Brave New Hope***
(1990) *The Sweetest Illusion*
(1994) | |


title: SS Crown Arun

abstract: Crown Arun was a 2,372 GRT cargo ship which was built by Actien-Gesellschaft „Neptun“ Schiffswerft und Maschinenfabrik, Rostock as Hannah Böge. She was captured at sea on 3 September 1939 and declared a war prize. Taken into service by the British Government, Crown Arun was torpedoed and sunk by U-99 on 17 September 1940.

text:
# SS Crown Arun

class=notpageimage|Location where *Crown Arun* was torpedoed and sunk.

***Crown Arun*** was a 2,372 GRT cargo ship which was built by Actien-Gesellschaft „Neptun“ Schiffswerft und Maschinenfabrik, Rostock as ***Hannah Böge***. She was captured at sea on 3 September 1939 and declared a war prize. Taken into service by the British Government, *Crown Arun* was torpedoed and sunk by *U-99* on 17 September 1940.

## History

*Hannah Böge* was built for *Reederei Johann M. K. Blumenthal*, Hamburg. She was yard number 477, and was completed in March 1938. Her port of registry was Hamburg.

On 26 August 1939, *Hannah Böge* departed Shediac, New Brunswick, bound for Germany. On 1 September 1939, Germany invaded Poland, starting the western portion of the Second World War. As a result, on 3 September, the United Kingdom declared war on Germany. Later that same day, *Hannah Böge* was intercepted by HMS *Somali*, becoming the first British war prize taken at sea. Her location was 63°20′N 16°35′W / 63.333°N 16.583°W / 63.333; -16.583. She was carrying a cargo of wood pulp. At the time of her capture, the crew were trying to disguise *Hannah Böge* although she was still flying the German flag. She was escorted to Kirkwall, Orkney Islands, where she arrived on 5 September.

After she was declared a prize of war, *Hannah Böge* was renamed *Crown Arun* and taken into service. Ownership was assigned to the Ministry of Shipping and she was placed under the management of Christian Salvesen Ltd, of Leith. Her port of registry was changed to London. *Crown Arun* was a member of a number of convoys.

ON 14

Convoy ON 14 departed the Methil Roads on 17 February 1940 bound for Norway. It diverted to Kirkwall on 18 February owing to a lack of cover. This was to be supplied by HMS *Hood*, HMS *Rodney* and HMS *Warspite*. The convoy departed Kirkwall on 20 February and arrived in Norway on 22 February.

OB 151

Convoy OB 151 departed Liverpool on 21 May and dispersed at sea on 22 May. *Crown Arun* was carrying a cargo of coal from Glasgow to Montreal.

SHX 71 / HX 71

Convoy HX 71 departed Halifax, Nova Scotia, on 5 September and arrived at Liverpool on 20 September. Convoy SHX 71 departed Sydney, Nova Scotia, on 6 September and was to join HX 71 at sea. *Crown Arun* was part of this convoy. SHX 71 joined with HX 71 by midday on 8 September, although *Crown Arun* was straggling behind by this time. *Crown Arun* was carrying a cargo of 2,800 tons of pit props from Gaspé, Quebec, destined for Hull. At 08:32 German time (07:32 British Time) on 17 September, *Crown Arun* was torpedoed north of Rockall (58°02′N 14°18′W / 58.033°N 14.300°W / 58.033; -14.300) by *U-99* under the command of Otto Kretschmer. She was finished off by gunfire. The 25 crew were rescued by HMS *Winchelsea* and landed at Liverpool. Tragically, the departure of the *Winchelsea* from Convoy OB 213 to protect HX 71, resulted in the torpedoing of the SS *City of Benares*, which sank in 31 minutes, with the loss of 258 people of 406 on board, including 81 out of 100 children, 35 of 55 women, and 142 of 251 men.

## Description and propulsion

The ship was a 2,372 GRT cargo ship. She was 292 feet (89.00 m) long, with a beam of 45 feet 2 inches (13.77 m) and a depth of 17 feet 6 inches (5.33 m). She was powered by a 4-cylinder compound steam engine which had two cylinders of 14+916 inches (370 mm) and two cylinders of 31 inches (790 mm) diameter by 31 inches (790 mm) stroke, giving her a speed of 10 knots (19 km/h).

## Official Number and code letters

Official Numbers were a forerunner to IMO Numbers.

*Hannah Böge* used the Code Letters DJVX. *Crown Arun* had the UK Official Number 167367 and used the Code Letters GBJK.

## InfoBox

| *Hannah Böge* | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United Kingdom | |
| Name | * *Hannah Böge* (1938–39) * *Crown Arun* (1939–40) |
| Owner | * Johann M. K. Blumenthal, Hamburg (1938–39) * Ministry of Shipping (1939–40) |
| Operator | * Johann M. K. Blumenthal, Hamburg (1938–39) * Christian Salvesen Ltd Leith (1939–40) |
| Builder | AG „Neptun" Schiffswerft und Maschinenfabrik in Rostock |
| Yard number | 477 |
| Completed | March 1938 |
| Homeport | * Hamburg (1938–39) * London (1939–40) |
| Identification | * Code Letters DJVX (1938–39) *  * Code Letters GBJK (1939–40) *  * UK Official Number 167367 (1939–40) |
| Captured | 3 September 1939 |
| Fate | Torpedoed and sunk by U-99 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Cargo ship |
| Tonnage | 2,372 GRT |
| Length | 292 ft (89.00 m) |
| Beam | 45 ft 2 in (13.77 m) |
| Depth | 17 ft 6 in (5.33 m) |
| Propulsion | 4-cylinder compound steam engine |
| Speed | 10 knots (19 km/h) |
| Crew | 25 |


title: SK Umesh

abstract: S K Umesh is a retired Assistant Commissioner of Police credited with a playing a key role in arresting notorious criminals and solving mysterious cases.

text:
# SK Umesh

**S K Umesh** (also known as **Sorekaidoddi Kariyappa Umesh**) is a retired Assistant Commissioner of Police credited with a playing a key role in arresting notorious criminals and solving mysterious cases.

## Early life

Umesh was born in Sorekaidoddi village, Kanakapura, Ramanagara district of Karnataka state. His daughter is Sapthami Gowda who works as an actress in Kannada & Hindi film industry which includes blockbuster movie Kanthara.

## Police service

SK Umesh joined the Karnataka State Police Service in 1990.

Umesh retired from service on 31 July 2022

## Honors and awards

He won the President of India's Gold Medal three times and the gold medal of the Chief Minister of Karnataka once. .

| Year | Name of Award or Honour |
| --- | --- |
| 2023 | President of India Gallantry Gold Medal |
| 2020 | Central Government Special Task force award |
| 2015 | President of India Meritorious Service Gold Medal |
| 2007 | Chief Minister of Karnataka Gold Medal |
| 2005 | Kempegowda award from Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Paalike |

1.

## Umesh has authored the following books,

* Nemmadi Maratakke ide (Year of Publishing:2023)

* Eye witness 1 (Year of publishing:2020)

* Eye Witness II (Year of publishing:2022)

* Blood Warranty (Year of publishing:2022)

* Veerappan Death warrant (Year of publishing:2022)

* Bangalore Underworld(akki Kaalu) (Year of publishing:2022)

* Urida Ooru (Year of Publishing:2023)

* Naavu(VV) (Year of publishing:2023)

## In films

**Umesh's some of the investigating stories have become movies, to name some;**

1. Theeran adigaram ondru
2. Kendasampige

## InfoBox

| S K Umesh | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Karnataka Police Service, Government of Karnataka | |
| **In office**
1990–2023 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Sorekai Doddi Umesh
Sorekai Doddi, Kanakapura, Ramanagara District |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Occupation | Civil servant |
|  | |


title: SK Uničov

abstract: SK Uničov is a Czech football club located in Uničov, Czech Republic. It currently plays in the Moravian–Silesian Football League, which is the third tier of Czech football.

text:
# SK Uničov

**SK Uničov** is a Czech football club located in Uničov, Czech Republic. It currently plays in the Moravian–Silesian Football League, which is the third tier of Czech football.

## Historical names

* 1935 **SK Union Uničov**
* 1952 **Sokol ZVIL Uničov**
* 1953 **DSO Spartak Uničov** (Dobrovolná sportovní organizace Spartak Uničov)
* 1966 **TJ Uničovské strojírny Uničov** (Tělovýchovná jednota Uničovské strojírny Uničov)
* 1994 **SK UNEX Uničov**
* 2006 **SK Uničov**

## Colours and Kit

SK Uničov have always worn navy blue shirts with white stripes, navy blue shorts and navy blue socks. The team does not have traditional away colours. In 2010/11 the away kit is a yellow shirt with navy blue strips, navy blue shorts and yellow socks, but, as with most teams, they have some more unusual ones.

The kit is currently manufactured by Adidas. Previously, the kit was manufactured by Jako, Joma and Diadora.

## InfoBox

SK Uničov
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Sportovní klub Uničov |
| Founded | 1935 (1935) |
| Ground | Areál SK Uničov, Uničov |
| Capacity | 1,500 |
| Chairman | Pavel Nezval |
| Manager | Petar Aleksijević |
| League | Moravian–Silesian Football League |
| 2023–24 | 5th |
| Website | Club website |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: SK Ull

abstract: Skiklubben Ull was a Norwegian Nordic skiing club based in Oslo. Founded in 1883, Skiklubben Ull attracted several skilled sportsmen who between 1883 and 1891 won six Ladies' Cups and one King's Cup in national skiing events. The sporting facilities belonging the club were located in Vestre Aker, with the ski jumping hill Ullbakken near Frognerseteren being opened in 1884. The prestigious Husebyrennet was staged there once. Members of SK Ull were later instrumental in moving this prestigious contest to the hill Holmenkollbakken. Club members also held important positions in the general administration of skiing in Norway. The first Ull chairman Johan Bechholm was also the first secretary of the Association for the Promotion of Skiing; Karl Roll became the first chairman of the Norwegian Ski Federation, Hjalmar Krag became chairman in the Confederation of Sports and Fritz R. Huitfeldt was a pioneer in several respects. The club was founded by students and its membership later drew from the upper social strata. During the first ten years of club history, forty-four of the sixty members admitted into the club belonged to one of four prestigious professions; physician, military officer, jurist or engineer. The club was furthermore exclusive, in that it only had 119 members during its first 100 years of existence. In 1893 the club raised its own cabin, thus grouping it together with other so-called "cabin ski clubs" such as Christiania SK. SK Ull eventually evolved from a skiing club to a social club in a skiing setting, using the old cabin for member meetings, which were also visited by the King of Norway.

text:
# SK Ull

**Skiklubben Ull** was a Norwegian Nordic skiing club based in Oslo. Founded in 1883, Skiklubben Ull attracted several skilled sportsmen who between 1883 and 1891 won six Ladies' Cups and one King's Cup in national skiing events. The sporting facilities belonging the club were located in Vestre Aker, with the ski jumping hill Ullbakken near Frognerseteren being opened in 1884. The prestigious Husebyrennet was staged there once. Members of SK Ull were later instrumental in moving this prestigious contest to the hill Holmenkollbakken.

Club members also held important positions in the general administration of skiing in Norway. The first Ull chairman Johan Bechholm was also the first secretary of the Association for the Promotion of Skiing; Karl Roll became the first chairman of the Norwegian Ski Federation, Hjalmar Krag became chairman in the Confederation of Sports and Fritz R. Huitfeldt was a pioneer in several respects.

The club was founded by students and its membership later drew from the upper social strata. During the first ten years of club history, forty-four of the sixty members admitted into the club belonged to one of four prestigious professions; physician, military officer, jurist or engineer. The club was furthermore exclusive, in that it only had 119 members during its first 100 years of existence. In 1893 the club raised its own cabin, thus grouping it together with other so-called "cabin ski clubs" such as Christiania SK. SK Ull eventually evolved from a skiing club to a social club in a skiing setting, using the old cabin for member meetings, which were also visited by the King of Norway.

## The most active sporting period, 1883–1898

Skiklubben Ull was founded on 29 January 1883, and named after the Norse deity Ullr. In Norse mythology, Ullr was a god for hunting and competition, superior with his skis and his bow. SK Ull has been credited as being the second-oldest skiing club in the world, after Christiania SK. The club founders were a group of university students who socialized in apartments in Wessels gate. The young men usually conversed about their studies or played card games, but they were also hobby cross-country skiers, and decided to take up skiing in a more organized form by starting a club. The term describing a club member was *ullaner*.

The founding members were Thoralf Fabritius, Paul Lorck, Petter Dahl Thams, Andreas Bechholm, Johan Bechholm, Otto Dahl, Sigurd Gotaas and Michael Strøm Lie. New members were allowed every year until 1887, after which new members were usually admitted biannually, in 1889, 1891, 1893, 1895, 1896 and 1897. Notable members who joined the club shortly after the foundation include Fritz R. Huitfeldt, Henrik Florentz, Hans Grüner, Marius Grüner and Stefan Meidell. The first chairman was Johan Bechholm, followed by Sigurd Gotaas from 1885 and Fritz R. Huitfeldt from 1887 to 1891. The three honorary memberships proclaimed in the early period were Fritz R. Huitfeldt (1883), Hans Grüner (1884) and Axel Huitfeldt (1889).

The club saw sporting success on the national level (international competitions were few or none) in its first years. Johan Bechholm finished eleventh and won the Ladies' Cup in Husebyrennet of 1883. In 1884 Ingvald M. Smith-Kielland, Sr. won the Ladies' Cup and Richard Blichfeldt won the King's Cup. Vilhelm Nicolaysen finished fourth and won the Ladies' Cup in 1886, Karl Roll won the Ladies' Cup in 1889, Vilhelm Heiberg in 1890 and Otto Orre in 1891.

Ull maintained its own ski jumping hill, Ullbakken, near Frognerseteren in Vestre Aker. It was opened in 1884 with a festive ski jumping contest, attended by Prince Eugen of Norway and Sweden. Ullbakken was the site of Husebyrennet in 1890, when Kastellbakken was unusable. The dinner after this race was attended by Crown Prince Gustaf of Norway and Sweden. Karl Roll had an especially close relationship with the Swedish royal family, being a ski tutor for the princes while stationed in Stockholm between 1898 and 1904. After Norway abolished the personal union in 1905 and elected its own king, Roll immediately became an *aide-de-camp* for the new monarch.

The club also staged the members-only contest Ullrennet. In the invitation for Ullrennet and the subsequent banquet in 1897, the members were asked to take their place at the table "according to rank, estate, age, dignity and skiing profess". SK Ull also became the second in Norway to raise its own skiing cabin, "Ydale" at Voksenkollen in 1893. This was named after Ýdalir, the mythological dwelling of the deity Ullr. Some of Ull's rival clubs were Christiania SK, Skuld, Fram and Ondur. Christiania, Skuld and Fram owned skiing cabins similar to that of Ull—they were collectively referred to as "cabin skiing clubs".

Reportedly, it was SK Ull's forays into the district around Holmenkollen for sporting purposes that spurred the establishment of the new hill Holmenkollbakken in 1891. The knowledge of the area spurred Fritz R. Huitfeldt to pinpoint the location of the new hill, together with Hans Krag. This hill lay at a higher altitude than Kastellbakken, and thus had more favourable snow conditions. Holmenkollbakken quickly replaced Kastellbakken as the main hill in the district, and eventually became world-famous.

SK Ull also saw some sporting success in the 1890s, although the last Ladies' Cup was taken in 1891. The club was joined by top skiers like Tobias Bernhoft and Jørgen Berg. In the late 1890s, however, as many members reached higher ages, SK Ull became more of a gentlemen's social club than an active skiing club. This social club was exclusive by nature, with a clause in the by-laws that the membership could not surpass forty. Actually the club never had more than thirty members, which was the case in 1890, and rarely more than twenty. The members were drawn from the higher social strata of Norway's capital region. Forty-four of the sixty members admitted into the club up to the opening of Ydale belonged to one of four prestigious professions: physician, military officer, jurist or engineer.

## 1900–1945

After 1898, there was a pause in admitting new members. Four were admitted between 1906 and 1908, followed by only one in the 1915, three in 1924, and two in 1935. In 1940 the average member age was 69.

After finishing their active careers, some of Ull's members entered the ranks of sports officials and administrators. Most notable was Karl Roll, who became the first chairman of the Norwegian Ski Federation in 1908. Several members had already held positions in the older organization Association for the Promotion of Skiing, founded three weeks before Ull, in 1883. Johan Bechholm was its first secretary, from 1883 to 1886, and many others followed. Johan Sverre (member since 1896) was a notable Olympic administrator after the Norwegian independence in 1905, and Hjalmar Krag (member since 1887) became chairman in the Confederation of Sports. Fritz R. Huitfeldt also became a known figure in his field; for his ski bindings, and for pioneering Telemark skiing. Huitfeldt's ski factory, which he started together with Richard Blichfeldt, was named Ull.

During the first years of the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, Ull continued to host private parties. Later, however, the club's cabin Ydale was occupied by the Germans from December 1942 to March 1945. Ull instead used the Grand Hotel for its sixtieth anniversary in 1943 and the annual convention of 1944. Two new members were admitted during the war; Sverre Martens and Einar Poulsson.

## After 1945

At the war's end in 1945, Ull only had fourteen members. Its average member age was lowered to 65 years after the admission of five new members in 1946 and 1947. The post-war period also saw the admission to SK Ull of men from more professional groups. One of the new members, Erik Plahte, would serve as chairman from 1951 to 1973, when he backed down at the age of 84. Another of the new post-war members, Jakob Vaage, took over. He was then aged 68. By 1953, all the club's elected positions were held by post-war members. Three of the older members, some with experience dating to the 1880s, were admitted as honorary members, the first honorary members in SK Ull since 1889.

After professor Johs. Andenæs was admitted as a member in 1949, the club admitted thirteen members in the 1950s; seven in the 1960s as well as a corresponding member, Norwegian-Canadian Herman Smith-Johannsen; and only three in the 1970s. One member was elected i 1980, and three in 1983; Arvid Fossum, Odd Harsheim and Birger Ruud. Three honorary members were proclaimed after 1960: Erik Plahte in 1969, Herman Smith-Johanssen in 1975 and Jakob Vaage in 1983.

The cabin Ydale was still used for festivities, and became a small "museum" with skiing antiquities left behind by former members. The cabin was also used during the 1952 Winter Olympics as the residence of the Danish skiing team. A road leading to the cabin was named Ullveien in 1964. In 1983 the 100-year anniversary of Ull was hosted at Ydale with attendance from King Olav V of Norway.

## List of position-holders

This is a list of chairmen, deputy chairmen and managers/secretaries of SK Ull.

Notes Bibliography * Vaage, Jakob (1983). *Skiklubben Ull 100 år 1883–1983* (in Norwegian). Oslo.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)


title: SNN News

abstract: SNN News is a Swedish news-parody show starring Mikael Tornving as the news anchor. The show aired on TV4 October 18, 2013. Reporters are David Hellenius, Peter Magnusson, Anna Blomberg, Rachel Molin and Sissela Benn. In every report a celebrity is participating as guest-reporter.

text:
# SNN News

**SNN News** is a Swedish news-parody show starring Mikael Tornving as the news anchor. The show aired on TV4 October 18, 2013. Reporters are David Hellenius, Peter Magnusson, Anna Blomberg, Rachel Molin and Sissela Benn. In every report a celebrity is participating as guest-reporter.

## Episodes

| No. in
series | No. in
season | Guest-reporter | Viewers | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | "Anders Jansson" | 905,000 |
| 1 | 2 | "Felix Herngren" | TBA |
| 1 | 3 | "Per Andersson" | TBA |

## InfoBox

| *SNN News* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Comedy |
| Presented by | Mikael Tornving |
| Starring | David Hellenius
Peter Magnusson
Anna Blomberg
Rachel Molin
Sissela Benn |
| Country of origin | Sweden |
| Original language | Swedish |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 3 |
| Production | |
| Running time | 21 minutes |
| Production company | Jarowski |
| Original release | |
| Network | TV4 |
| Release | October 18, 2013 (2013-10-18) |


title: Brian Bowe

abstract: Brian Bowe is a former Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

text:
# Brian Bowe

**Brian Bowe** (born March 15, 1936) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## Biography

Brian Bowe was born on March 15, 1936. He would play 90-100 games for Kyneton in Victoria's Bendigo League from 1952 to 1957. He joined St. Kilda, and played 17 games for them from 1958 to 1959. Including three finals games in Lake Oval in the 1958 VFL Consolation Night series. His team defeated Carlton in the grand final, 16.13 (109) – 15.11 (101). Afterwards, he returned to Kyneton in 1960 where he joined the premiership team and played 11 games. In early January 1961, Ern Wadham, a NFC secretary helped him join Norwood. He would play 74 games for Norwood, from 1961 to 1965, including the losing 1961 grand final to West Adelaide.

## InfoBox

| Brian Bowe | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Brian Bowe | | |
| Date of birth | (1936-03-15)15 March 1936 | | |
| Original team(s) | Kyneton | | |
| Height | 173 cm (5 ft 8 in) | | |
| Weight | 74 kg (163 lb) | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1958–59 | St Kilda | 14 (0) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1959. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Brian Bowler

abstract: Brian Granthen Bowler is a Malawian Ambassador and diplomat. Bowler is the ambassador and permanent representative of Malawi to the United Nations, having been assigned to the post on June 4, 2010. He was recalled under the government of President Joyce Banda but was designated again by current President Peter Mutharika.

text:
# Brian Bowler

**Brian Granthen Bowler** (born 27 November 1964) is a Malawian Ambassador and diplomat. Bowler is the ambassador and permanent representative of Malawi to the United Nations, having been assigned to the post on June 4, 2010. He was recalled under the government of President Joyce Banda but was designated again by current President Peter Mutharika.

## Career

Prior to his appointment as UN ambassador, Bowler served in the foreign ministry of Malawi as representative to India and Belgium.

## Personal life

Bowler is married to Kelly Ann Ernst, an American health officer who works for the March of Dimes. They have two children.


title: Brazilian anti-asylum movement

abstract: The anti-asylum movement or anti-asylum fight is an organized movement in Brazil consisting of psychiatrists, psychologists and social workers requesting a humanitarian improvement in psychiatrist public services. University campuses, hospitals and workers of the field promote events in order to raise awareness and fight discrimination against mental patients.

text:
# Brazilian anti-asylum movement

The **anti-asylum movement** or **anti-asylum fight** (Portuguese: *movimento antimanicomial*) is an organized movement in Brazil consisting of psychiatrists, psychologists and social workers requesting a humanitarian improvement in psychiatrist public services. University campuses, hospitals and workers of the field promote events in order to raise awareness and fight discrimination against mental patients.

## Origins

The movement itself was born after a chain of worldwide political events and is celebrated on May 18 in Brazil. On May 18, 1987, about 350 employees of Mental Health reunited in the Brazilian city of Bauru, state of São Paulo in order to discuss and propose ways to change the archaic and inefficient Mental Health System in the country.

In its roots, the movement is connected to the Reforma Sanitária Brasileira (*Brazilian Sanitary Reform*) whose outcome was the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) (*"Unified Health System"*). It's also related to deinstitutionalisation of Psychiatry developed in the cities of Gorizia and Trieste in Italy, by Italian psychiatrist Franco Basaglia in the 1960s.

## Goals

As a crucial part of its ongoing movement, Psychiatric Reform took place under Law 10216 of 2001 (*Lei Paulo Delgado*) seeking reformulation of the current model adopted by Mental Asylums, changing the focus of the treatment from systematic hospitalization to a more Psychosocial approach, including community and open services. According to the Brazilian anti-Asylum movement, public healthcare and mental health is a political and social complex process, composed by participants, institutions and actions of different sources taking place in many territories. It's a conjuncture of transformations in practices, knowledge, cultural and social values whose responsibility belongs not only to the hospital but also the government and people in interpersonal relationships. Therefore, the treatment is supposed to be held in a community base and the patients shall be given protection and receive proper treatment according to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Their agenda aims a change in the belief that mental disorders are treated solely with medications and institutionalization. It launches a campaign against the prejudice and discrimination faced by patients, whose identity and virtues are often ignored in the process, giving then importance to psychotherapy and dialogue, distancing those placed under care from stressful environments while integrating them with family, friends and significant others. Anti-asylum movement is also responsible for the privilege given to stable patients to have freedom to transit in and out the institution while sleeping in their own homes.

## Results

The conditions of mental health in Brazil improved slightly, as the Psychiatric Institutionalization is still not over and many hospitals across the country still haven't adapted themselves to the new regent laws. A considerable amount of asylums were transformed into *Centers of Psychosocial Attention* (Brazilian Portuguese: *"**Centros de Atenção Psicossocial**", simply known as "**CAPS**"*).


title: SRM Shineray E3

abstract: The SRM Shineray E3 and the slightly longer E3L variant is a 2-seater electric panel van produced by Chinese car manufacturer Shineray Group under the SRM Shineray marque, and was launched in May 2024.

text:
# SRM Shineray E3

The **SRM Shineray E3** (Chinese: 鑫源E3) and the slightly longer E3L variant is a 2-seater electric panel van produced by Chinese car manufacturer Shineray Group under the SRM Shineray marque, and was launched in May 2024.

## Overview

The SRM Shineray E3 and E3L share the same boxy design. Both variants share a single powertrain across the range with a rear positioned 60kW electric motor and 220Nm. The E3 is powered by a 38.64kWh CATL supplied battery supporting 253km of range or a 32.14kWh CATL supplied battery supporting 221km of range. The E3L is powered by a 41.86kWh CATL supplied battery supporting 263km of range. The E3 features a 1.275m² side entrance with the sliding doors open and a 3145mm cargo area depth.

## InfoBox

| SRM Shineray E3 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Shineray Group |
| Production | 2024–present |
| Model years | 2024–present |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Light commercial vehicle |
| Body style | 5-door van |
| Layout | Mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 60kW electric motor |
| Transmission | 5-speed manual |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,520 mm (99.2 in)
2,865 mm (112.8 in) (E3L) |
| Length | 4,555 mm (179.3 in)
4,900 mm (192.9 in) (E3L) |
| Width | 1,780 mm (70.1 in) |


title: Recovery (1791 ship)

abstract: Recovery was launched in 1781, possibly under another name. She first appeared in British sources in 1781. She made two voyages as a Bristol-based slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. The first such voyage gave rise to a landmark court case. During the second such voyage she, together with five other slave ships, bombarded Calabar for more than three hours to force the local native traders to lower the prices they were charging for slaves. She then became a West Indiaman until the French Navy captured her in 1797.

text:
# Recovery (1791 ship)

***Recovery*** was launched in 1781, possibly under another name. She first appeared in British sources in 1781. She made two voyages as a Bristol-based slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. The first such voyage gave rise to a landmark court case. During the second such voyage she, together with five other slave ships, bombarded Calabar for more than three hours to force the local native traders to lower the prices they were charging for slaves. She then became a West Indiaman until the French Navy captured her in 1797.

## Career

*Recovery*'s origin are ambiguous. Various sources give her origin as a British plantation (colony), America, an American prize, and Nova Scotia.

*Recovery* first appeared in *Lloyd's Register* (*LR*) in 1789.

| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source & notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1789 | Jn. Kimber | W.Jacks | Bristol–Africa | *LR*; good repair 1791 |
|

**1st enslaving voyage (1791):** Captain John Kimber sailed from Bristol on 10 April 1791. *Recovery* started gathering captives at New Calabar on 2 June. She left Africa on 1 September and arrived at Grenada on 28 October. She had embarked 304 captives and she arrived with 283, for a loss rate of 7%. She sailed from Grenada on 20 November and arrived back in Bristol on 22 December. She had left Bristol with 25 crew members and she had arrived at Grenada with 24. (She had taken on one man at Calabar, and she discharged one at Grenada.

Captain Kimber was tried for murder in 1792, after the abolitionist William Wilberforce accused him of torturing to death an enslaved teenage girl on the deck of his ship. Kimber was acquitted, but the trial gained much attention in the press. The case established that slave ships' crew could be tried for murder of slaves.

*Recovery*, Kimber, master, was on shore in the Bristol River in March 1792 as she sailed for Africa.

**2nd enslaving voyage (1792–1793):** Captain Kimber sailed from Bristol on 3 May 1792, bound for New Calabar. On this voyage Kimber, together with five other captains of enslaving ships, bombarded Calabar for more than three hours to force the local native traders to lower the prices they were charging for captives. The bombardment by some 66 guns killed and wounded 50 or so of the local inhabitants and resulted in the traders agreeing to the prices the captains offered.

*Recovery* arrived at Falmouth, Jamaica on 3 November. She had embarked 321 captives and she arrived with 216, for a loss rate of 33%. She had left Bristol with 31 crew members and she had 29 when she reached Jamaica. Six crew members were discharged there. *Recovery* arrived back at Bristol on 28 January 1793. At some point Samuel Priez or Price, may have replaced Kimber as master. On her return she was advertised for sale.

| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1796 | J.Souter | L.Jack | Bristol–Africa | *LR* |
| 1797 | J.Souter | S.Teast | Bristol–Africa | *LR* |
|

The Bristol shipowner and builder Sydenham Teast purchased *Recovery*. He traded with Africa, but directly, not via the slave trade. *Recovery* arrived at Cape Coast Castle on 26 September 1796 and sailed for England on 10 February 1797.

## Fate

*Lloyd's List* reported in July 1806 that *Recovery*, Suter, master, was one of four vessels that "Renau's squadron" had captured off the Windward Coast of Africa.

## Citations

1. Richardson (1996), p. 193.
2. *LR* (1789), Seq.No.M123.
3. Richardson (1996), p. 224.
4. *LR* (1797), Seq.No.R54.
5. "The Marine List". *Lloyd's List*. No. 2387. 27 March 1792.
6. Wilberforce (1899), pp. 25–26.
7. Richardson (1996), p. 250.
8. "The Marine List". *Lloyd's List*. No. 2937. 7 July 1797.
9. Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – *Calypso* voyage #80727.
* Richardson, David, ed. (1996). *Bristol, Africa, and the Eighteenth-Century Slave Trade to America, Vol. 4 The Final Years, 1770-1807*. Bristol Record Society, c/o Department of Historical Studies, Univ. of Bristol. ISBN 0-901538-17-5.
* Wilberforce, William (1899). *The Enormity of the Slave-trade: And the Duty of Seeking the Moral and Spiritual Elevation of the Colored Race: Speeches of Wilberforce and Other Documents and Records*. American Tract Society.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Great Britain | |
| Name | *Recovery* |
| Launched | 1781 |
| Acquired | 1791 |
| Captured | 1797 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen | 180, or 189 (bm) |
| Armament | 6 × 3-pounder guns (1796) |


title: Elisabeth Altmann-Gottheiner

abstract: Elisabeth Altmann-Gottheiner was one of the first women to become a university lecturer in Germany and a women's rights activist. She was born in Berlin. In 1904, she received a doctorate in Zürich, Switzerland. By 1908, she was a lecturer at the economic College in Mannheim, and by 1924 had a professorship in economics. She died in Mannheim, aged 56.

text:
# Elisabeth Altmann-Gottheiner

**Elisabeth Altmann-Gottheiner** (March 26, 1874 – October 21, 1930) was one of the first women to become a university lecturer in Germany and a women's rights activist.

She was born in Berlin. In 1904, she received a doctorate in Zürich, Switzerland. By 1908, she was a lecturer at the economic College in Mannheim, and by 1924 had a professorship in economics. She died in Mannheim, aged 56.

## Academics

She wrote a number of books and articles on economic questions. From 1912 on she edited the feminist yearbook *Jahrbuch der Frauenbewegung*.

The University of Mannheim grants the annual award "Elisabeth Altmann-Gottheiner-Preis" for students' theses on gender research.

## Further reading

* Salomon, Alice: "Elisabeth Altmann-Gottheiner zum Gedächtnis" (3. Jg., Nr. 9, 1. Dezember 1930) *Die Österreicherin: Zeitschrift für alle Interessen der Frau*, hrsg. vom Bund österreichischer Frauenvereine, Wien, 1928 - 1938 (Heft 2)
* Zahn-Harnack, Agnes: "Altmann-Gottheiner, Elisabeth." In: *Neue Deutsche Biographie* (NDB). Band 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, S. 227

## InfoBox

| Elisabeth Altmann-Gottheiner | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1874-03-26)March 26, 1874
Berlin |
| Died | October 21, 1930(1930-10-21) (aged 56)
Mannheim |
| Nationality | German |
| Occupation | Economist |


abstract: The Complete Solid State Recordings of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra is a Mosaic Records limited edition compilation of all previously released songs from the five Solid State Records instrumental releases of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Jazz Orchestra. Several unissued and/or alternate takes from the original album recording sessions are also included as well as two songs previously released only as a single.

text:
# The Complete Solid State Recordings of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***The Complete Solid State Recordings of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra*** is a Mosaic Records limited edition compilation of all previously released songs from the five Solid State Records (later Blue Note) instrumental releases of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Jazz Orchestra. Several unissued and/or alternate takes from the original album recording sessions are also included as well as two songs previously released only as a single.

## Track listing

CD 1

1. "ABC Blues"
2. "Kids Are Pretty People"
3. "Don’t Ever Leave Me"
4. "Once Around"
5. "Three And One"
6. "Balanced Scales = Justice"
7. "Willow Weep For Me"
8. "Mean What You Say"
9. "Sophisticated Lady"
10. "Willow Tree"
11. "Hawaii"

CD 2

1. "The Little Pixie"
2. "A- That’s Freedom"
3. "The Second Race"
4. "Willow Tree"
5. "Quietude"
6. "Bachafillen"
7. "Lover Man"
8. "Mornin’ Reverend"

CD 3

1. "Samba Con Getchu"
2. "Willow Tree"
3. "Don’t Git Sassy"
4. "Say It Softly"
5. "Mornin’ Reverend"
6. "Kids Are Pretty People"
7. "The Second Race"

CD 4

1. "St. Louis Blues"
2. "The Waltz You Swang For Me"
3. "Central Park North"
4. "Jive Samba"
5. "Quietude"
6. "Big Dipper"
7. "Tow Away Zone"
8. "The Groove Merchant"

CD 5

1. "Consummation"
2. "Dedication"
3. "Tiptoe"
4. "It Only Happens Every Time"
5. "Fingers"
6. "Us"
7. "A Child Is Born"
8. "Ahunk Ahunk"

## Personnel

See personnel listing of original recordings:

1. Allmusic review
2. *Presenting Thad Jones / Mel Lewis and the Jazz Orchestra*
3. Single 45-SD-2506
4. *Live at the Village Vanguard*
5. *Monday Night*
6. *Central Park North*
7. Single 45-SD-2533
8. *Consummation*

## InfoBox

| The Complete Solid State Recordings of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Jazz Orchestra | |
| Released | 1994 |
| Recorded | 1966–1970, New York City |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Label | Mosaic, Blue Note |


title: Ciężki karabin maszynowy wz. 30

abstract: Ckm wz. 30 is a Polish-made clone of the American Browning M1917 heavy machine gun. Produced with various modifications such as greater caliber, longer barrel and adjustable sighting device, it was an improved although unlicensed copy of its predecessor, and was the standard machine gun of the Polish Army from 1931.

text:
# Ciężki karabin maszynowy wz. 30

**Ckm wz. 30** (short for *ciężki karabin maszynowy wz. 30*; "heavy machine gun 1930 Pattern") is a Polish-made clone of the American Browning M1917 heavy machine gun. Produced with various modifications such as greater caliber, longer barrel and adjustable sighting device, it was an improved although unlicensed copy of its predecessor, and was the standard machine gun of the Polish Army from 1931.

## Design and development

After Poland regained her independence in 1918, her armed forces were armed with a variety of different weapons, mostly a legacy of the armies of her former occupying powers. As with its rifles and carbines, the machine guns used by the Polish Army in the Polish–Soviet War included the Russian 7.62 mm M1910 Maxim, the Austrian 1907 8 mm Schwarzlose MG M.07/12, the German 7.92 mm Maschinengewehr 08, and the French 8 mm Hotchkiss Mle 1914. Such diversity was a logistical nightmare, and in the early 1920s the General Staff of the Polish Army decided to replace all older machine guns with a new design, specifically built to Polish designations.

Initially the Hotchkiss machine gun, proven during the Polish–Soviet War and adapted to the standard Polish 7.92 mm round (as the Ckm wz. 25 Hotchkiss), had the most supporters. In late 1924 and early 1925, 1,250 were ordered from France and the Polish Ministry of War started talks on buying the license for manufacturing copies in Poland. However, the first tests of the post-war Hotchkiss machine guns proved that the new production were well below both Polish needs and maker's specifications, and the talks came to a halt. By the end of 1927, the ministry organized a contest for a new standard all-purpose heavy machine gun.

Four companies took part in the competition: the American Colt company with the M1928 (modified export variant of the Browning M1917A1), a Czechoslovakian-built rechambered version of Schwarzlose M.7/12 (Schwarzlose-Janeček vz.7/24), the British Vickers machine gun converted to 7.92mm caliber, and Hotchkiss with improved wz.25 model. All initial tests were won by Browning. The tests were repeated in 1928, and again the American weapon won, so the Polish ministry decided to purchase a license. The price, however, was very high ($450,000), and Colt demanded an order for 3,000 guns in its own factories. It turned out that neither the Colt company nor its European representative, the Vickers-Armstrong, had patented the design in Poland. In addition, the documentation of a recently purchased license for Browning Automatic Rifle (via Colt's agent, Belgian company Fabrique Nationale de Herstal) was faulty, and deliveries were delayed, which discouraged the Polish from further orders abroad. Because of that, the Polish ministry decided to order the preparation of a local version of the Browning M1917 at *Fabryka Karabinow* ("Rifle Factory") in Warsaw.

## Modifications

In mid-1930 the first test models were ready and were sent to various testing ranges. In March 1931 the first 200 models were sent to front-line units for further tests under the designation of Ckm wz.30. Serial production started by the end of that year. Among the most notable differences between the original and the Polish clone were:

1. Different calibre, adapted to the Polish standard 7.92×57mm Mauser ammunition
2. Loophole iron sights replaced with V-notch sights
3. Butt handle of the weapon was lengthened for easier carriage
4. Longer barrel for greater precision and accuracy
5. Rifle lock was modified for easier exchange of used-up barrels
6. The lock was modified for easier handling
7. New mounting was adapted, with a mast for anti-aircraft fire
8. Sights were adapted for anti-aircraft fire as well as a handle for aiming in the air was added
9. Added flame suppressor

Three types of a tripod mounting were developed and used in Poland. First was wz.30 mounting for infantry (weight 29.3 kg), superseded with improved wz.34 mounting (26.3 kg). Cavalry adopted more modern wz.36 mounting instead (17 kg). All tripods could be used for anti-aircraft fire, using a mast, transported in a rear leg in case of infantry mountings, or folded below the barrel and fulfilling also a role of a recoil shock absorber, in case of the cavalry mounting.

Following the first tests, a series of additional modifications was introduced. In 1938 the trigger mechanism was replaced with a completely new, more reliable system. In addition, the lock was replaced for easier handling and keeping the weapon in good condition. The modified design received the designation of *ckm wz.30a*, though the name was rarely used by the soldiers themselves. The new version was also the basis of a *ckm wz.30/39T* design, designed for export to Turkey and adapted to Turkish standard 7.65×53mm Argentine ammunition. However, the design was never introduced in large numbers as the Turkish competition was halted after World War II broke out. In the late 30s, Wilniewczyc and Skrzypinski designed experimental barrels with a rifled oval barrel bore ("Lancaster rifling"). The barrels were very expensive to produce, but gave a significant increase of the accuracy and longevity of the barrel. Altogether, between 1931 and 1939, the *Fabryka Karabinow* ("Rifle Factory") in Warsaw built at least 8,401 ckm wz.30 for the Polish Army, in addition to 200 of information series (available are only data until March 1939, and several hundreds more were probably built by September 1939). In addition, quite a big number - over 1,700 - was exported by the SEPEWE syndicate to Republican Spain. There were trials to sell them also to other countries, like Romania, Bulgaria, Estonia, Yugoslavia and Argentina, but in spite of favourable participation in contests, the state factory had no resources to credit deliveries. Among others, in 1936 in Argentina the wz.30 machine gun was evaluated as more reliable and accurate than original Browning M1928, but Colt could ensure more favourable conditions of delivery. In 1938 Turkey ordered 500 wz.30/39T machine guns and probably at least part of this contract was fulfilled. Captured weapons were used by Nationalist Spain, Nazi Germany and Romania. After 1939, many preserved wz.30 machine guns were used by Polish partisan units (mainly Home Army), among others during Warsaw Uprising.

## Surviving examples

## Users

## Further reading

* Morgan, Martin (6 June 2014), "The Forgotten Guns of D-Day", *American Rifleman*

## InfoBox

| Ciężki karabin maszynowy wz. 30 | |
| --- | --- |
| heavy machine gun wz. 30 on tripod wz. 30 | |
| Type | Heavy machine gun |
| Place of origin | Second Polish Republic |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1931–1970 |
| Used by | See Users |
| Wars | Spanish Civil War
World War II |
| Production history | |
| Designed | 1930 |
| Manufacturer | Państwowa Fabryka Karabinów |
| Produced | 1931–1939 |
| No. built | 10,388+ |
| Variants | wz.1930a
wz.1930/39T (cal. 7.65×53mm, prototype for Turkish army)
wz.33, wz.36 (aircraft guns) |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | * 65 kg (143 lb) (gun, tripod, water, and ammunition) * 13.6 kg (30 lb) (gun without water) |
| Length | 1,200 mm (47 in) |
| Barrel length | 720 mm (28 in) |
| --- | |
| Cartridge | 7.92×57mm |
| Caliber | 7.92 mm |
| Action | recoil |
| Rate of fire | 600 round/min |
| Muzzle velocity | 845 m/s (2,770 ft/s) |
| Feed system | 330-round belt |


title: Edward Henry Trotter

abstract: Lieutenant Colonel Edward Henry Trotter, DSO was a British Army officer who commanded the 18th Battalion, The King's during the First World War.

text:
# Edward Henry Trotter

Lieutenant Colonel **Edward Henry Trotter**, DSO (1 December 1872 – 8 July 1916) was a British Army officer who commanded the 18th Battalion, The King's (Liverpool Regiment) during the First World War.

## Early life

He was born in London, the son of Major General Sir Henry Trotter and Lady Trotter, who maintained an estate at Mortonhall, Midlothian. He was a younger brother of Gerald Trotter. Trotter was commissioned into the Grenadier Guards and served in the Sudan expedition of 1898.

## Military career

After the outbreak of the Second Boer War in October 1899, a corps of imperial volunteers from London was formed in late December 1899. The corps included infantry, mounted infantry and artillery divisions and was authorized with the name City of London Imperial Volunteers. It proceeded to South Africa in January 1900, returned in October the same year, and was disbanded in December 1900. Lieutenant Trotter was seconded from his regiment and appointed Staff captain to the corps on 1 January 1900, with the temporary rank of Captain in the Army, and served as such until it was disbanded. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) for his services in South Africa on 29 November 1900. In April 1902, Trotter returned to South Africa with a detachment of men from the Guards regiments. Following the end of the war two months later, Trotter and most of the men returned to the United Kingdom on board the SS *Lake Michigan* in October 1902.

Trotter became the commanding officer of the 18th King's shortly after the battalion was formed by the 17th Earl of Derby on 29 August 1914. The Earl's brother, Lieutenant Colonel F.C. Stanley, secured Trotter's command of the 18th, one of four Liverpool "Pals" battalions raised. The battalion was initially located at Hooton racecourse, where they were supervised by NCOs from the Grenadier Guards. The new commanding officer was enthusiastic about physical exercise. In spite of a weak knee as a result of a hunting accident, Trotter would often take part in his battalion's daily exercises. The 18th's prowess in inter-battalion competitions earned it the nickname "Trotter's Greyhounds".

After landing at Boulogne, France in November 1915, Trotter's battalion was moved to the Somme area. On 1 July 1916, on the first day of the Somme offensive, the 18th King's advanced with their division towards Montauban. Located on the left flank of the French, to the south of where the British Army sustained most of its casualties on the first day, the 30th Division began its advance at 07:30. An effective French bombardment ensured the advance encountered mostly limited opposition. The 18th King's, however, was subject to relentless fire from German positions during their advance on the Glatz Redoubt. The division's objectives were nevertheless achieved, one of the few successes of 1 July. Trotter estimated the 18th had suffered about 500 casualties on the first-day.

Reduced to minimal strength, the 18th was withdrawn from the front and converted to a carrier battalion. When it was ordered to move forward on 8 July, Trotter decided to oversee the movement personally and arrived before the battalion. The troop movements prompted the Germans to bombard the area. A shell landed in the entrance to brigade headquarters, killing Trotter, a lieutenant, two other ranks, and mortally wounding Lieutenant Colonel William Smith of the 18th Manchesters.

Trotter is buried at Péronne Road Cemetery, Maricourt. One of his brothers, Reginald, was killed on 9 May 1915 while serving with the Cameron Highlanders on the Western Front.

## Further reading

* Maddocks, Graham (1991), *Liverpool Pals: 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th Battalions, The King's (Liverpool Regiment)*, Pen and Sword Books Ltd ISBN 0-85052-340-0

## InfoBox

| Edward Henry Trotter | |
| --- | --- |
| In *The Sketch*, 26 June 1901 | |
| Born | (1872-12-01)1 December 1872
London, England |
| Died | 8 July 1916(1916-07-08) (aged 43)
Somme, France |
| Buried | Peronne Road Cemetery, Maricourt, France |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service/branch | British Army |
| Years of service | 1893–1916 |
| Rank | Lieutenant colonel |
| Commands | 18th Battalion, The King's (Liverpool Regiment) |
| Battles/wars | Mahdist War
Second Boer War
First World War |
| Awards | Distinguished Service Order
Mentioned in dispatches |
| Relations | Major General Sir Henry Trotter (father) |


title: C. C. Crowell House

abstract: The C. C. Crowell House is a historic house in Somerville, Massachusetts. Built about 1890, it is a good example of Queen Anne Victorian architecture built from a pattern book design. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

text:
# C. C. Crowell House

The **C. C. Crowell House** is a historic house in Somerville, Massachusetts. Built about 1890, it is a good example of Queen Anne Victorian architecture built from a pattern book design. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

## Description and history

The C. C. Crowell House is located in Somerville's central Spring Hill neighborhood, at the southeast corner of Benton Road and Hudson Street. It is a 2+12-story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof and mostly clapboarded exterior. The house is laid out in cross gable style, with a semicircular porch facing the street corner. The porch is decorated with turned posts, jigsaw struts, and a carved frieze. The upper levels are decorated with bands of cut shingles, and the extended eaves are decorated with modillions. There are two-story polygonal window bays projecting on both street-facing facades, with wood panels below the first floor windows, and decorative shingling between the floors.

The house was built about 1890; its first documented occupant was C. C. Crowell, a printer. The house bears some resemblance to the Lemuel Snow, Jr., House next door, whose massing and scale are similar. Both appear to have elements taken from pattern books, although those of this house are of a lighter character than those of its neighbor.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| C. C. Crowell House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| C. C. Crowell House | |
|  | |
| Location | 85 Benton Rd.,<br>Somerville, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 42°23′22.96″N 71°6′16.67″W / 42.3897111°N 71.1046306°W / 42.3897111; -71.1046306 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | c. 1890 (1890) |
| Architectural style | Queen Anne |
| MPS | Somerville MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 89001236 |
| Added to NRHP | September 18, 1989 |


title: Cynometra minor

abstract: Cynometra minor is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is a tree found only in Fiji.

text:
# Cynometra minor

***Cynometra minor*** is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is a tree found only in Fiji.

## InfoBox

| *Cynometra minor* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Genus: | *Cynometra* |
| Species: | ***C. minor*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cynometra minor***
(A.C.Sm.) Rados. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Maniltoa minor* A.C.Sm. (1942) | |


title: Cynometra vestita

abstract: Cynometra vestita is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is a tree found only in Fiji, on the islands of Viti Levu and Vanua Levu.

text:
# Cynometra vestita

***Cynometra vestita*** is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is a tree found only in Fiji, on the islands of Viti Levu and Vanua Levu.

## InfoBox

| *Cynometra vestita* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Genus: | *Cynometra* |
| Species: | ***C. vestita*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cynometra vestita***
(A.C.Sm.) Rados. (2019) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Maniltoa vestita* A.C.Sm. (1950) | |


title: Czech Brazilians

abstract: Czech Brazilians refer to Brazilians of Czech descent who were born in or who trace their ancestry to the territory of the historic Czech lands or succession states, now known as the Czech Republic, and are residents or citizens of Brazil.

text:
# Czech Brazilians

**Czech Brazilians** refer to Brazilians of Czech descent who were born in or who trace their ancestry to the territory of the historic Czech lands or succession states, now known as the Czech Republic, and are residents or citizens of Brazil.

## Czech people in Brazil

Although Czech Jesuits such as Valentin Stansel had been working in Brazil since the 18th century, the first Czech immigrants arrived in 1823. Among these early immigrants was Jan Nepomuk Kubíček, a Catholic carpenter from Třeboň and one of the great-grandfathers of Juscelino Kubitschek, the 24th President of Brazil (from 1956 to 1961).

In the 20th century there were three large waves of Czechs who moved to Brazil: in the 1930s, after the Communist takeover (1948) and after the occupation of Czechoslovakia by the Warsaw Pact troops (1968). Most of those immigrants settled down in Southern Brazil.

### Southern Brazil

More or less influence of the Czech immigration can be noticed in the three states of Southern Brazil (Santa Catarina, Paraná, and Rio Grande do Sul). In such states, the Czechs arrived since the 19th century and were often a minority in areas predominantly settled by Germans or Poles.

In **Santa Catarina**, the Czech immigrants occupied the regions of Vale do Itajaí and Northern parts of the state, e.g. Joinville, São Bento do Sul and Mafra.

In **Rio Grande do Sul**, most Czechs settled down in the Serra Gaúcha (notably in the town of Nova Petrópolis), the North Coast, the area of Missões and the Central Lowlands.

In **Paraná**, the Czech immigration is noticeable in the Northern areas, e.g. Rolândia and Londrina, where in 1932-1940s Czechs and Poles used to dispute the available lands for coffee cultivation, particularly in the rural district of *Warta* (Northern Londrina).

### Central-Western Brazil

In Central-Western Brazil the Czech immigrants arrived mostly in the 1940-1950s led by the entrepreneur Jan Antonín Baťa, a Czech shoe manufacturer who left Czechoslovakia after the Nazi occupation of the Sudetenland.

The colonization of part of the Southeastern region of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul was made possible thanks to the *Companhia Viação São Paulo-Mato Grosso* (São Paulo-Mato Grosso Transport Company) owned by Baťa and managed by another Czech immigrant, Vladimir Kubik.

## Institutions and Cultural Organizations

## Notable Czech Brazilians

## InfoBox

Czech Brazilians
*Tcheco-brasileiro  **·**  Český Brazilec*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| <br>Czech descendants in São Paulo. | |
| Total population | |
| **5,000** | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Brazil: Mainly Southern Brazil and Minas Gerais | |
| Languages | |
| Predominantly Portuguese  **·**  Some also speak Czech | |
| Religion | |
| Predominantly Roman Catholic | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Other White Brazilians, Czech people, Polish Brazilians | |


title: Cycas basaltica

abstract: Cycas basaltica is a species of cycad in the genus Cycas, native to Australia, in the far north of Western Australia in the Kimberley region. The stems grow to 2 m tall and 15–23 cm in diameter, with a swollen base and an enlarged subterranean structure. There are 30 or more leaves in the crown, forming a bowl shaped, inward facing leaf crown, each leaf 80–125 cm long, pinnate, with 140-210 leaflets. Younger plants have spiny petioles, with older specimens losing this trait. The leaflets are covered with a dense layer of silver hairs, angled forward at 70-80°. The basal leaflets are reduced to spines, similar to Cycas revoluta. The taproot is contractile, and tends to pull crown downwards. The female cones are open, with sporophylls 17–24 cm long, densely red-brown tomentose. Yellowish-brown sarcotesta, glabrous and/or glaucous. The male cones are solitary and erect, narrow conical, 18–24 cm long and 7–9 cm diameter.

text:
# Cycas basaltica

***Cycas basaltica*** is a species of cycad in the genus *Cycas*, native to Australia, in the far north of Western Australia in the Kimberley region.

The stems grow to 2 m (rarely 4 m) tall and 15–23 cm in diameter, with a swollen base and an enlarged subterranean structure. There are 30 or more leaves in the crown, forming a bowl shaped, inward facing leaf crown, each leaf 80–125 cm long, pinnate, with 140-210 leaflets. Younger plants have spiny petioles, with older specimens losing this trait. The leaflets are covered with a dense layer of silver hairs, angled forward at 70-80°. The basal leaflets are reduced to spines, similar to *Cycas revoluta*. The taproot is contractile, and tends to pull crown downwards.

The female cones are open, with sporophylls 17–24 cm long, densely red-brown tomentose. Yellowish-brown sarcotesta, glabrous and/or glaucous. The male cones are solitary and erect, narrow conical, 18–24 cm long and 7–9 cm diameter.

## Habitat

It is named after the basaltic volcanic rock soils it is typically found growing on, where it occurs in eucalyptus groves near the Drysdale and Lawley Rivers, and nearby offshore islands. Conservation status secure.

## InfoBox

| *Cycas basaltica* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Cycadophyta |
| Class: | Cycadopsida |
| Order: | Cycadales |
| Family: | Cycadaceae |
| Genus: | *Cycas* |
| Species: | ***C. basaltica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cycas basaltica***
C.A.Gardner | |
|


title: Brendan McNally

abstract: John Brendan McNally, known as Brendan McNally, was an Irish professional footballer who played as a defender.

text:
# Brendan McNally

**John Brendan McNally** (22 January 1935 — 6 July 2011), known as **Brendan McNally**, was an Irish professional footballer who played as a defender.

## Career

Born in Dublin, McNally first played football for a small local club, St. Finbarrs. As a schoolboy he was selected to play for Ireland against England in a schoolboy international, scoring one of Ireland's goals as they went down 3–2.

He was a right back and began his professional career in the League of Ireland with Shelbourne in 1954 and then moved to Luton Town F.C. in 1956.

There he stayed for eight years, making 134 appearances and scoring three times. Luton were then a First Division team and in 1959 he was part of the Luton team that lost 2–1 to Nottingham Forest in the 1959 FA Cup final. One of the Forest scorers that day was Roy Dwight, who was later carried off after breaking his leg in a tackle with Brendan. Roy, who died in 2003, was the cousin of the singer/songwriter Sir Elton John.

After a successful period in the First Division, Luton started to slip down the Football League, first into the Second Division and shortly before Brendan joined Cambridge City in 1963 they were relegated into the Third Division.

Brendan later on played for Dunstable Town and managed non league Chesham United where he gave future England international Kerry Dixon his first start in senior football.

He also played three times for the Republic of Ireland, winning his first cap in a 2–0 European Championship qualifier win over Czechoslovakia on 5 April 1959 in Dalymount Park.

## Honours

**Luton Town**

## InfoBox

Brendan McNally
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | John Brendan McNally | | |
| Date of birth | (1935-01-22)22 January 1935 | | |
| Place of birth | Drimnagh, Dublin, Ireland | | |
| Date of death | 6 July 2011(2011-07-06) (aged 76) | | |
| Place of death | Dunstable | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | St. Finbarrs | | |
|  | St John Bosco FC | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1954–1956 | Shelbourne |  |  |
| 1956–1963 | Luton Town | 134 | (3) |
| 1963–1968 | Cambridge City |  |  |
|  | Dunstable Town |  |  |
| International career | | | |
|  | Republic of Ireland B |  |  |
| 1959–1962 | Republic of Ireland | 3 | (0) |
| Managerial career | | | |
|  | Chesham United | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Brett Leaver

abstract: Brett Leaver is a former field hockey player from New Zealand, who finished in eighth position with the Men's National Team, nicknamed Black Sticks, at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain and finished his career with 157 test caps. He was born in Auckland. Achieving high in sports and getting awards, he became an athlete at Otahuhu College and then carried it on until he became an Olympian for New Zealand.

text:
# Brett Leaver

**Brett Leaver** (born 12 January 1970) is a former field hockey player from New Zealand, who finished in eighth position with the Men's National Team, nicknamed *Black Sticks*, at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain and finished his career with 157 test caps. He was born in Auckland. Achieving high in sports and getting awards, he became an athlete at Otahuhu College and then carried it on until he became an Olympian for New Zealand.


title: ST Review

abstract: ST Review was a computer magazine in the United Kingdom covering the Atari ST during the early to mid 1990s. Published by EMAP and launched in May 1992 and placed at the "serious end" of the market, it catered to ST users who wished to use their ST for a variety of productive uses, such as its MIDI capabilities, programming or word processing, as opposed to casual gaming. The title was sold to Europress after EMAP decided to close it due to lower-than-expected sales and it ran for another two years with Freelance Editor Vic Lennard, full-time Deputy Editor, Tony Kaye and a full-time designer. This three-man team, along with several freelance contributors, kept the magazine popular for almost another two years before it finally succumbed to falling sales and the lack of success of Atari's Falcon, the expected replacement of the ST. This was due in part to the increasing PC market. The magazine was eventually sold to Future Publishing, producers of rival ST Format. The last issue was published in January 1995. Like many similar magazines, it contained sections of news, game reviews, previews, tips, help guides, columnists, reader's letters, and cover-mounted disks of software.

text:
# ST Review

***ST Review*** was a computer magazine in the United Kingdom covering the Atari ST during the early to mid 1990s. Published by EMAP and launched in May 1992 and placed at the "serious end" of the market, it catered to ST users who wished to use their ST for a variety of productive uses, such as its MIDI capabilities, programming or word processing, as opposed to casual gaming. The title was sold to Europress after EMAP decided to close it due to lower-than-expected sales and it ran for another two years with Freelance Editor Vic Lennard, full-time Deputy Editor, Tony Kaye and a full-time designer. This three-man team, along with several freelance contributors, kept the magazine popular for almost another two years before it finally succumbed to falling sales and the lack of success of Atari's Falcon, the expected replacement of the ST. This was due in part to the increasing PC market.

The magazine was eventually sold to Future Publishing, producers of rival *ST Format*. The last issue was published in January 1995.

Like many similar magazines, it contained sections of news, game reviews, previews, tips, help guides, columnists, reader's letters, and cover-mounted disks of software.

## InfoBox

*ST Review*
| March 1993 cover | |
| --- | --- |
| Categories | computer magazine |
| Publisher | EMAP |
| First issue | May 1992 |
| Final issue | January 1995 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |


title: SM U-154

abstract: SM U-154 was one of the 329 submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. U-154 was engaged in the naval warfare and took part in the First Battle of the Atlantic. On 11 May 1918, U-154 was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean at 36°51′N 11°50′W by the Royal Navy submarine HMS E35 with the loss of all 77 of her crew.

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# SM U-154

**SM *U-154*** was one of the 329 submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. *U-154* was engaged in the naval warfare and took part in the First Battle of the Atlantic.

On 11 May 1918, *U-154* was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean at 36°51′N 11°50′W / 36.850°N 11.833°W / 36.850; -11.833 by the Royal Navy submarine HMS *E35* with the loss of all 77 of her crew.

## Summary of raiding history

| Date | Name | Nationality | Tonnage | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12 March 1918 | *Nordkyn* | Norway | 3,244 | Sunk |
| 17 March 1918 | *Guadalquivir* | Spain | 2,078 | Sunk |
| 21 March 1918 | *Chincha* | United States | 6,371 | Damaged |
| 26 March 1918 | *Beira Alta* | Portugal | 101 | Sunk |
| 7 April 1918 | *La Bruyere* | France | 2,198 | Damaged |
| 9 April 1918 | *President Howard* | Liberia | 73 | Sunk |
| 10 April 1918 | *Burutu* | United Kingdom | 3,902 | Damaged |
| 21 April 1918 | *Michelet* | France | 2,636 | Sunk |
| 25 April 1918 | *Kawachi Maru* | Empire of Japan | 5,749 | Damaged |

### Notes

### Citations

1. Gröner 1991, pp. 20–21.
2. Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boats: U 154". *German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net*. Retrieved 22 January 2010.
3. Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by U 154". *German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net*. Retrieved 5 June 2018.

## Bibliography

* Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). *U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels*. German Warships 1815–1945. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-593-4.
* Jung, Dieter (2004). *Die Schiffe der Kaiserlichen Marine 1914-1918 und ihr Verbleib* \[*German Imperial Navy ships 1914-1918 and their fate*\] (in German). Bonn: Bernard & Graefe. ISBN 3-7637-6247-7.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| German Empire | |
| Name | *U-154* |
| Ordered | 29 November 1916 |
| Builder | Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft, Flensburg |
| Yard number | 381 |
| Launched | 10 September 1917 |
| Commissioned | 12 December 1917 |
| Fate | Sunk 11 May 1918 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Type U 151 submarine |
| Displacement | * 1,512 tonnes (1,488 long tons) (surfaced) * 1,875 tonnes (1,845 long tons) (submerged) * 2,272 tonnes (2,236 long tons) (total) |
| Length |  |
| Beam | * 8.90 m (29 ft 2 in) (o/a) * 5.80 m (19 ft) (pressure hull) |
| Height | 9.25 m (30 ft 4 in) |
| Draught | 5.30 m (17 ft 5 in) |
| Installed power | * 800 PS (590 kW; 790 bhp) (surfaced) * 800 PS (590 kW; 790 bhp) (submerged) |
| Propulsion | 2 × shafts, 2 × 1.60 m (5 ft 3 in) propellers |
| Speed | * 12.4 knots (23.0 km/h; 14.3 mph) surfaced * 5.2 knots (9.6 km/h; 6.0 mph) submerged |
| Range | 25,000 nmi (46,000 km; 29,000 mi) at 5.5 knots (10.2 km/h; 6.3 mph) surfaced, 65 nmi (120 km; 75 mi) at 3 knots (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph) submerged |
| Test depth | 50 metres (160 ft) |
| Complement | 6 officers, 50 enlisted |
| Armament |  |
| Service record | |
| Part of: | * U-Kreuzer Flotilla * Unknown start - 11 May 1918 |
| Commanders: | * *KrvKpt.* Hermann Gercke * 12 December 1917 - 11 May 1918 |
| Operations: | 1 patrol |
| Victories: | * 5 merchant ships sunk
(8,132 GRT) * 4 merchant ships damaged
(18,220 GRT) |


title: Bridgeport Historic District

abstract: The Bridgeport Historic District is a historic district in Bridgeport, Alabama. Founded in the 1810s as a farming community, Bridgeport became a major transportation hub with the coming of the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad and Southern Railway in the 1850s, in addition to its Tennessee River port. Due to the importance of its rail bridge, the town changed hands several times during the course of the Civil War. Industry began to move into the area in the late 1880s and 1890s, and commercial development of the downtown area soon followed. The district retains several one- and two-story commercial buildings, most constructed out of brick in simple styles popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Many of the elite built their homes on Battery Hill, overlooking the river. The district contains several Victorian and Queen Anne houses, as well as Bungalows and Vernacular styles. The Mission Revival Nashville, Chattanooga, and St. Louis Railroad depot, three railroad bridges, and three Civil War fortifications are also contained in the district. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

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# Bridgeport Historic District

The **Bridgeport Historic District** is a historic district in Bridgeport, Alabama. Founded in the 1810s as a farming community, Bridgeport became a major transportation hub with the coming of the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad and Southern Railway in the 1850s, in addition to its Tennessee River port. Due to the importance of its rail bridge, the town changed hands several times during the course of the Civil War. Industry began to move into the area in the late 1880s and 1890s, and commercial development of the downtown area soon followed. The district retains several one- and two-story commercial buildings, most constructed out of brick in simple styles popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Many of the elite built their homes on Battery Hill, overlooking the river. The district contains several Victorian and Queen Anne houses, as well as Bungalows and Vernacular styles. The Mission Revival Nashville, Chattanooga, and St. Louis Railroad depot, three railroad bridges, and three Civil War fortifications are also contained in the district. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Bridgeport Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| Queen Anne houses in Bridgeport | |
|  | |
| Location | Roughly bounded by Bridgeport City Limits, Enrich Ave., Bridgeport, 5th Ave., Broadway Ave., 8th St., and 11th Ave., Bridgeport, Alabama |
| Coordinates | 34°56′58″N 85°42′39″W / 34.94944°N 85.71083°W / 34.94944; -85.71083 |
| Area | 160 acres (65 ha) |
| Built | 1862 (1862) |
| Architect | multiple, including Charles I. Edwards, Theodore S. Holmes |
| NRHP reference No. | 02000479 |
| Added to NRHP | May 16, 2002 |