title: Kulapathi Nayanar

abstract: Kulapathi Nāyanār, also known as Kulapathiyār, was a poet of the Sangam period to whom verse 48 of the Tiruvalluva Maalai is attributed.

text:
# Kulapathi Nayanar

| Topics in Sangam literature | |
| --- | --- |
| Sangam literature | |
| Agattiyam | Tolkāppiyam |
| **Eighteen Greater Texts** | |
| Eight Anthologies | |
| Aiṅkurunūṟu | Akanāṉūṟu |
| Puṟanāṉūṟu | Kalittokai |
| Kuṟuntokai | Natṟiṇai |
| Paripāṭal | Patiṟṟuppattu |
| Ten Idylls | |
| Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai | Kuṟiñcippāṭṭu |
| Malaipaṭukaṭām | Maturaikkāñci |
| Mullaippāṭṭu | Neṭunalvāṭai |
| Paṭṭiṉappālai | Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai |
| Poruṇarāṟṟuppaṭai | Ciṟupāṇāṟṟuppaṭai |
| **Related topics** | |
| Sangam | Sangam landscape |
| Tamil history from Sangam literature | Ancient Tamil music |
| **Eighteen Lesser Texts** | |
| Nālaṭiyār | Nāṉmaṇikkaṭikai |
| Iṉṉā Nāṟpatu | Iṉiyavai Nāṟpatu |
| Kār Nāṟpatu | Kaḷavaḻi Nāṟpatu |
| Aintiṇai Aimpatu | Tiṉaimoḻi Aimpatu |
| Aintinai Eḻupatu | Tiṇaimālai Nūṟṟaimpatu |
| Tirukkuṟaḷ | Tirikaṭukam |
| Ācārakkōvai | Paḻamoḻi Nāṉūṟu |
| Ciṟupañcamūlam | Mutumoḻikkānci |
| Elāti | Kainnilai |
| **Bhakti Literature** | |
| Naalayira Divya Prabandham | Ramavataram |
| Tevaram | Tirumuṟai |  |
|  | |

**Kulapathi Nāyanār** (Tamil: குலபதி நயனார்), also known as **Kulapathiyār**, was a poet of the Sangam period to whom verse 48 of the Tiruvalluva Maalai is attributed.

## Biography

Kulapathi Nāyanār was a poet belonging to the late Sangam period that corresponds between 1st century BCE and 2nd century CE. He is believed to be the head of his clan.

## View on Valluvar and the Kural

Kulapathi Nāyanār has authored verse 48 of the Tiruvalluva Maalai. He opines about Valluvar and the Kural text thus:

> As the *Cural* of Valluvar causes the lotus-flower of the heart to expand, and dispels from it the darkness which cannot otherwise be dispelled, it may well be compared to the hot-rayed sun, which causes the lotus-flower of the tank to expand, and dispels the darkness from the face of the earth. \[Emphasis in original\]

## Citations

* Edward Jewitt Robinson (2001). *Tamil Wisdom: Traditions Concerning Hindu Sages and Selections from Their Writings*. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services.
* Vedanayagam, Rama (2017). *திருவள்ளுவ மாலை மூலமும் எளிய உரை விளக்கமும் \[Tiruvalluva Maalai: Moolamum Eliya Urai Vilakkamum\]* (in Tamil) (1 ed.). Chennai: Manimekalai Prasuram.


title: Canteen Creek, Northern Territory

abstract: Canteen Creek, also known as Owairtilla, is an Aboriginal community in the Northern Territory of Australia, located about 183 km southeast of Tennant Creek, on Alyawarr land. At the time of the 2021 census, it had a population of 147. The community is accessible by road, and is also serviced by a small airstrip located about 500 metres northeast of the settlement. Community facilities include a general store, a church, a health centre, and a coeducational P-12 school. Canteen Creek is a dry community, meaning no alcohol can be brought into the community.

text:
# Canteen Creek, Northern Territory

**Canteen Creek**, also known as **Owairtilla**, is an Aboriginal community in the Northern Territory of Australia, located about 183 km southeast of Tennant Creek, on Alyawarr land. At the time of the 2021 census, it had a population of 147. The community is accessible by road, and is also serviced by a small airstrip located about 500 metres northeast of the settlement. Community facilities include a general store, a church, a health centre, and a coeducational P-12 school.

Canteen Creek is a dry community, meaning no alcohol can be brought into the community.

1. "Community Profile Canteen Creek" (PDF). *Remore Area Health Corps*. March 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 August 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
2. "BushTel - Canteen Creek profile". *Northern Territory Government*. Archived from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
3. Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Canteen Creek". *2021 Census QuickStats*. Retrieved 25 July 2022.

20°38′41.3154″S 135°35′10.3308″E / 20.644809833°S 135.586203000°E / -20.644809833; 135.586203000

## InfoBox

| Canteen Creek<br>Northern Territory | |
| --- | --- |
| Canteen Creek | |
| Coordinates | 20°38′41.3154″S 135°35′10.3308″E / 20.644809833°S 135.586203000°E / -20.644809833; 135.586203000 |
| Population | 147 (2021 census) |
| Postcode(s) | 0872 |
| LGA(s) | Barkly Region |
| Territory electorate(s) | Barkly |
| Federal division(s) | Lingiari |


title: ROKS Daecheong (AOE-58)

abstract: ROKS Daecheong (AOE-58) is the second ship of the Cheonji-class fast combat support ship (AOE) in the Republic of Korea Navy. She is named after the lake, Daecheong.

text:
# ROKS Daecheong (AOE-58)

**ROKS *Daecheong* (AOE-58)** is the second ship of the *Cheonji*-class fast combat support ship (AOE) in the Republic of Korea Navy. She is named after the lake, Daecheong.

## Development

After the Korean War, the Korean Navy purchased and operated small refueling ships from the 1960s to the 1980s. These ships were obsolete due to prolonged operation, which forced their retirement beginning in the late 1970s. As the demand for maritime operations increased day, the Navy required vessels to complete the missions.

From the mid-1980s, based on ship drying experiences, the Korean Navy proposed building combat support ships domestically. From 1988 to 1990, the first combat support ship, later named *Cheonji*, was built and launched. *Daecheong* and *Hwacheon* were built seven years later. At the time, the Korean Navy decided whether or not to build follow-up ships after finishing the operation test of the first ship.

As the needs of support ships increased, the Navy designed the *Soyang*-class ships in 2016, based on the *Cheonji* class.

## Construction and career

ROKS *Daecheong* was launched in 1997 by Hyundai Heavy Industries and commissioned in November 1997. She was the second logistic support ship built by the Navy.

On 3 November 2015, she made a goodwill visit to Portsmouth.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| South Korea | |
| Name | * *Daecheong* * (대청) |
| Namesake | Daecheong |
| Builder | Hyundai |
| Launched | 1997 |
| Commissioned | November 1997 |
| Identification |  |
| Status | Active |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Cheonji*-class fast combat support ship |
| Displacement | * 4,200 tonnes (4,134 long tons) light * 9,113 tonnes (8,969 long tons) full load |
| Length | 133.7 m (438 ft 8 in) |
| Beam | 17.8 m (58 ft 5 in) |
| Draft | 6.8 m (22 ft 4 in) |
| Propulsion | 2 × Voith Schneider Propeller |
| Speed | 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) |
| Range | 4,500 nmi (8,300 km) |
| Sensors and <br>processing systems | 2 × Anti-ship radar |
| Armament |  |
| Aviation facilities | Helipad |


title: Cyclocheilichthys sinensis

abstract: Cyclocheilichthys sinensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Cyclocheilichthys.

text:
# Cyclocheilichthys sinensis

***Cyclocheilichthys sinensis*** is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus *Cyclocheilichthys*.

## Environment

*Cyclocheilichthys sinensis* is known to be found in a freshwater environment within a benthopelagic range. This species is native to a subtropical climate.

## Size

*Cyclocheilichthys sinensis* has the maximum recorded length of about 31.5 centimeters or about 12.4 inches as an unsexed male. The common length of *Cyclocheilichthys sinensis* as an unsexed male is 12.4 centimeters or about 9.44 inches.

## Distribution

*Cyclocheilichthys sinensis* is native to Asia.

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

| *Cyclocheilichthys sinensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Genus: | *Cyclocheilichthys* |
| Species: | ***C. sinensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cyclocheilichthys sinensis***<br>Bleeker, 1879 | |
|


abstract:
Sacred Heart of Jesus School is a co-educational Catholic elementary school established in 1892 as part of Sacred Heart of Jesus Parish in the Archdiocese of New York. The present school building was dedicated in 1896 and is located at 456 West 52nd Street in New York's Hell's Kitchen. The faculty of the school consists of laypersons. Faculty =
Ms. George 6,7,8 grade
Mrs.Ramaraju 6,7,8 grade
Mr.Soto 6,7,8 grade
Mrs. Vamvoukakis 5,4 grade
Mrs.Vera 5,4 grade
Ms.Romero 2nd grade
Ms. Valentino 1st grade
Mrs.Rodriguez kinder
Mrs.Ospenia 3rd grade
Ms. Burks principal
Ms.Miller vice principal
Ms.Sally secretary Ms. Angie lunch lady

text:
# Sacred Heart of Jesus School (New York City)

**Sacred Heart of Jesus School** is a co-educational Catholic elementary school established in 1892 as part of Sacred Heart of Jesus Parish in the Archdiocese of New York. The present school building was dedicated in 1896 and is located at 456 West 52nd Street in New York's Hell's Kitchen. The faculty of the school consists of laypersons.

Faculty = Ms. George 6,7,8 grade Mrs.Ramaraju 6,7,8 grade Mr.Soto 6,7,8 grade Mrs. Vamvoukakis 5,4 grade Mrs.Vera 5,4 grade Ms.Romero 2nd grade Ms. Valentino 1st grade Mrs.Rodriguez kinder Mrs.Ospenia 3rd grade Ms. Burks principal Ms.Miller vice principal Ms.Sally secretary Ms. Angie lunch lady

## History

### Sisters of Charity

Monsignor Joseph Mooney, pastor of Sacred Heart of Jesus Parish from 1890 to 1923, made it a primary concern to establish a parish school. In 1892, he purchased four houses on West 51st Street in which to begin a school. The Sisters of Charity of New York were asked to staff the school which at first was opened to girls. The first school staff consisted of Sister Marie Austin O’Hara, principal, Sister Mary Agrippina Lyons, Sister Marie Constantin Meehan and Sister Marie Xavier St. Clair.

The school was dedicated in 1896 by The Most Rev. Michael Corrigan, Archbishop of New York and continued to flourish and to grow.

These Sisters of Charity along with Father Mooney faced the difficult period of education when children were not mandated to attend school and child labor laws had not come into being. The Sisters and the pastor faced a variety of challenges form the opening of a kindergarten in 1898, which was to help serve the needs of working mothers, to class sizes of over 100 students.

The Sisters of Charity under the leadership of Sister Marie Austin not only provided discipline but charity to those in the school who were in need. Sister Austin kept clothing in a closet in her office for distribution to needy children. Sister also organized a group of women from the neighborhood to assist families with newborn children or to prepare outfits for special occasions such as First Communion or Confirmation. Sister Marie Austin also made it an important part of her Sunday ritual to go from house to house to rouse children in time for Mass. This concern was to influence generations of parents and probably brought some stray souls back to the faith.

The hard work of the Sisters and the pastor shows itself in the fact that Sacred Heart of Jesus School became the largest elementary school on the West Side of Manhattan. While a figure of 3000 students is sometimes found in the literature describing this period of the school's history, no definite proof of this enrollment can be found.

During the period of time from 1902 to 1922, Sacred Heart of Jesus School hit record enrollment. Fourteen Sisters of Charity staffed the school along with 31 lay teachers. Classes averaged around 100 children. The students formed a cross section of society from very comfortable to very poor families. The school staff along with the pastor continued to serve the needs of young by forming service clubs. The clubs had as many as 200 young people engaged in a variety of works within the parish. The school added other activities that included dance, violin, chorus and drama.

During these early years of the school's history a vision of educating the whole person emerged and became a hallmark of education at Sacred Heart of Jesus School. The staff of the school aimed to assist the students in discovering their talents and in developing them. The students were being developed as spiritual, intellectual, artistic and social persons created in the image and likeness of God; the students were then expected to contribute to the Church and society by putting their skills at the service of their neighbors.

### Christian Brothers

In 1924, Father Daniel Quinn, the only native of Sacred Heart of Jesus Parish to serve as pastor, invited the Christian Brothers of Ireland, known today as the Congregation of Christian Brothers, to staff a boys department of Sacred Heart of Jesus School. The Christian Brothers of Ireland were founded by Blessed Edmund Rice in Waterford, Ireland in 1802. While the Brothers had a strong reputation for discipline they also lived up to the spirit of their motto, *Facere et docere*, To Do and To Teach.

The first Brothers assigned to serve at Sacred Heart of Jesus School, Brother Ambrose Kelly; principal, Brother Matthias Quinn; Brother Brendan Callan and Brother Austin Loftus were to exert a strong influence on their students; an influence on many students for the rest of their lives.

In 1952, the school had an enrollment of 1200 students, pre-dominantly of Irish-American heritage. The present convent was constructed in 1952 and the first Mass in the new convent was celebrated by Father Hugh Gilmartin, pastor.

The Sisters of Charity continued their work with the children of the parish but also extended their mission of education to children who were developmentally delayed. In 1957 under the direction of Sister Marita Imelda Irwin, special education classes opened.

The Christian Brothers moved into their present residence, 416 West 51st Street, in 1953. Young Christian Brothers were assigned to the community at this time to assist with all of the extra-curricular activities such as athletic teams, dramatic presentations and a variety of parish programs designed to keep the young men of the parish occupied.

Following the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), Sacred Heart of Jesus School, through the able leadership of its pastors and the Sisters of Charity and the Congregation of Christian Brothers continued to meet the needs of the children entrusted to the school's care. As the number of children in the neighborhood continued to decline, the school population began to decrease as well. At the same time, the number of religious Brothers and Sisters also decreased. Faced with increasing costs, the parish could no longer afford to educate boys and girls separately. The boys department and the girls departments were merged under the able leadership of Sister Nina O’Brien and Brother Matthew DePaul Sinnott.

### Recent years

As the school's enrollment continued to decrease it became necessary to consolidate the physical plant and to use the monies from the sale of the Boys’ Department Building to renovate the Girls’ Department Building, our present building, which was larger and able to accommodate all of the students.

In 1987, Sacred Heart of Jesus School became the home to The Cooke Foundation for Special Education. The school provided space for children who were developmentally delayed to be educated in our building with their own programs and their own teachers.

In the last few years, the school has seen a tremendous number of improvements to its curriculum and its physical plant. The school's library has been expanded, the computer lab was upgraded and the façade of the building was restored to its original 1896 condition. These enhancements to the physical plant has also allowed the school to enrich its curriculum.

Over the last 4 years, enrollment continued to grow, making it necessary to renovate older classrooms to accommodate the growing student body.

Today, Sacred Heart of Jesus houses approximately 260 students in grades PK3 to 8th grade. The school also offers FREE full day Pre-K to four-year-old students that reside in the five boroughs.

40°45′55.84″N 73°59′24.62″W / 40.7655111°N 73.9901722°W / 40.7655111; -73.9901722

## InfoBox

| Sacred Heart of Jesus School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 456 West 52nd Street
New York City (Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan), New York 10019
USA | |
| Information | |
| Type | Catholic/Private |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Roman Catholic |
| Established | 1896 (1896) |
| Oversight | Archdiocese of New York |
| Principal | Jonathan Morano |
| Pastor | Rev. Gabriel Piedrahita |
| Grades | PK3 |
| Gender | Coeducational |
| Enrollment | 240~ |
| Campus type | Urban |
| Annual tuition | 4,152 (parishioner)
$4,764 (non-parishioner)
(2014-15) |
| Website | www.shjsnyc.org |


title: Calico Creek, Queensland

abstract: Calico Creek is a rural locality in the Gympie Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Calico Creek had a population of 185 people.

text:
# Calico Creek, Queensland

**Calico Creek** is a rural locality in the Gympie Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Calico Creek had a population of 185 people.

## Geography

Mary Valley Road (State Route 51) forms the north-eastern boundary. Calico Creek, a tributary of the Mary River, rises in the south of the locality and flows through to the north. Almost all of the southern boundary is the northern extent of Amamoor National Park.

## History

Calico Creek State School opened on 8 July 1936 and closed on 31 August 1970. The school was at 8 Robinson Road (south-east corner of Calico Creek Road, 26°17′59″S 152°38′51″E / 26.29974°S 152.64754°E / -26.29974; 152.64754 (Calico Creek State School (former))).

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Calico Creek had a population of 156 people.

In the 2021 census, Calico Creek had a population of 185 people.

## Education

There are no schools in Calico Creek. The nearest government primary schools are Dagun State School in neighbouring Dagun to the south-east and Jones Hill State School in Jones Hill to the north. The nearest government secondary school is Gympie State High School in Gympie to the north.

## Further reading

* Scougall, J. (1985). *Gympie South & district schools : 75th anniversary*. Gympie South State School  via State Library of Queensland. — includes other schools including Calico Creek, Lagoon Pocket, Pie Creek, Langshaw (Eel Creek), Mooloo (Mooloo Road), Warrawee, Glastonbury, Scrubby Creek, and Greendale

## InfoBox

| Calico Creek
Queensland | |
| --- | --- |
| Calico Creek | |
| Coordinates | 26°18′00″S 152°38′30″E / 26.3°S 152.6416°E / -26.3; 152.6416 (Calico Creek (centre of locality)) |
| Population | 185 (2021 census) |
| • Density | 11.01/km2 (28.52/sq mi) |
| Postcode(s) | 4570 |
| Area | 16.8 km2 (6.5 sq mi) |
| Time zone | AEST (UTC+10:00) |
| Location |  |
| LGA(s) | Gympie Region |
| State electorate(s) | Gympie |
| Federal division(s) | Wide Bay |
| **Suburbs around Calico Creek:**  Mooloo McIntosh Creek
Long Flat Lagoon Pocket  Mooloo Calico Creek Gilldora  Amamoor Creek Amamoor Dagun | |


title: David Dawson Cosgrove

abstract: David Dawson Cosgrove is an Irish businessman whose Belvedere Management group claimed to have $16 billion of assets under administration. In 2016 he was barred from serving as an officer of any company regulated by the Mauritius Financial Services Commission (FSC) for a period of 5 years and the funds he managed were liquidated.

text:
# David Dawson Cosgrove

**David Dawson Cosgrove** (born April 1960) is an Irish businessman whose Belvedere Management group claimed to have $16 billion of assets under administration. In 2016 he was barred from serving as an officer of any company regulated by the Mauritius Financial Services Commission (FSC) for a period of 5 years and the funds he managed were liquidated.

## Belvedere Management

Cosgrove was the founder of the Belvedere Management group which claimed to have $16 billion of assets under administration. The group reportedly ran125 hedge funds and has numerous subsidiaries active in fund administration, life insurance, stock broking, and investment management.

## Other company appointments

According to the listing document produced when Fulhold Pharma plc applied to have its shares admitted to the GXG Market in Denmark, as of 1 July 2014 Cosgrove was a director of over 70 companies located in Mauritius, Guernsey, Switzerland, Jersey, Seychelles, British Virgin Islands, Gibraltar, the Cayman Islands and the United Kingdom.

## Residence

Cosgrove worked from Mauritius where he managed the business of Belvedere, but also had a home in South Africa where he also lived and where much of the firm's business was done.

## InfoBox

| David Dawson Cosgrove | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | David Dawson Cosgrove<br>April 1960 |
| Nationality | Irish |
| Occupation | Businessman |
| Known for | Belvedere Management group |


title: Serum albumin

abstract: Serum albumin, often referred to simply as blood albumin, is an albumin found in vertebrate blood. Human serum albumin is encoded by the ALB gene. Other mammalian forms, such as bovine serum albumin, are chemically similar. Serum albumin is produced by the liver, occurs dissolved in blood plasma and is the most abundant blood protein in mammals. Albumin is essential for maintaining the oncotic pressure needed for proper distribution of body fluids between blood vessels and body tissues; without albumin, the high pressure in the blood vessels would force more fluids out into the tissues. It also acts as a plasma carrier by non-specifically binding several hydrophobic steroid hormones and as a transport protein for hemin and fatty acids. Too much or too little circulating serum albumin may be harmful. Albumin in the urine usually denotes the presence of kidney disease. Occasionally albumin appears in the urine of normal persons following long periods of standing.

text:
# Serum albumin

**Serum albumin**, often referred to simply as **blood albumin**, is an albumin (a type of globular protein) found in vertebrate blood. Human serum albumin is encoded by the *ALB* gene. Other mammalian forms, such as bovine serum albumin, are chemically similar.

Serum albumin is produced by the liver, occurs dissolved in blood plasma and is the most abundant blood protein in mammals. Albumin is essential for maintaining the oncotic pressure needed for proper distribution of body fluids between blood vessels and body tissues; without albumin, the high pressure in the blood vessels would force more fluids out into the tissues. It also acts as a plasma carrier by non-specifically binding several hydrophobic steroid hormones and as a transport protein for hemin and fatty acids. Too much or too little circulating serum albumin may be harmful. Albumin in the urine usually denotes the presence of kidney disease. Occasionally albumin appears in the urine of normal persons following long periods of standing (postural albuminuria).

## Function

Albumin functions primarily as a carrier protein for steroids, fatty acids, and thyroid hormones in the blood and plays a major role in stabilizing extracellular fluid volume by contributing to oncotic pressure (known also as colloid osmotic pressure) of plasma.

Because smaller animals (for example rats) function at a lower blood pressure, they need less oncotic pressure to balance this, and thus need less albumin to maintain proper fluid distribution.

As an anionic protein, albumin binds readily to calcium in blood serum and contributes greatly to plasma calcium levels. As such, in clinical applications it is necessary to adjust serum total calcium concentration upward or downward if hypoalbuminemia or hyperalbuminemia is present, respectively (measured serum total calcium decreases by 0.8 mg/dL per unit decrease in albumin concentration below 4 g/dL).

## Synthesis

Albumin is synthesized in the liver as preproalbumin which has an N-terminal peptide that is removed before the nascent protein is released from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The product, proalbumin, is in turn cleaved in the Golgi vesicles to produce the secreted albumin.

## Properties

Albumin is a globular, water-soluble, un-glycosylated serum protein of approximate molecular weight of 65,000 daltons.

Albumin (when ionized in water at pH 7.4, as found in the body) is negatively charged. The glomerular basement membrane is also negatively charged in the body; some studies suggest that this prevents the filtration of albumin in the urine. According to this theory, that charge plays a major role in the selective exclusion of albumin from the glomerular filtrate. A defect in this property results in nephrotic syndrome leading to albumin loss in the urine. Nephrotic syndrome patients are sometimes given albumin to replace the lost albumin.

## Structure

The general structure of albumin is characterized by several long α helices allowing it to maintain a relatively static shape, which is essential for regulating blood pressure.

Serum albumin contains eleven distinct binding domains for hydrophobic compounds. One hemin and six long-chain fatty acids can bind to serum albumin at the same time.

## Types

Serum albumin is widely distributed in mammals.

* The human version is human serum albumin.
* Bovine serum albumin, or BSA, is commonly used in immunodiagnostic procedures, clinical chemistry reagents, cell culture media, protein chemistry research (including venom toxicity), and molecular biology laboratories (usually to leverage its non-specific protein binding properties).

## InfoBox

| Serum albumin family | |
| --- | --- |
| Structure of human serum albumin. | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | Serum\_albumin |
| Pfam | PF00273 |
| Pfam clan | CL0282 |
| InterPro | IPR014760 |
| SMART | SM00103 |
| PROSITE | PS51438 |
| SCOP2 | 1ao6 / SCOPe / SUPFAM |
| Available protein structures:  Pfam structures / ECOD  PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj  PDBsum structure summary  PDB 1ao6, 1bj5, 1bke, 1bm0, 1e78, 1e7a, 1e7b, 1e7c, 1e7e, 1e7f, 1e7g, 1e7h, 1e7i, 1gni, 1gnj, 1h9z, 1ha2, 1hk1, 1hk2, 1hk3, 1hk4, 1hk5, 1j78, 1j7e, 1kw2, 1kxp, 1lot, 1ma9, 1n5u, 1o9x, 1tf0, 1uor, 1ysx, 2bx8, 2bxa, 2bxb, 2bxc, 2bxd, 2bxe, 2bxf, 2bxg, 2bxh, 2bxi, 2bxk, 2bxl, 2bxm, 2bxn, 2bxo, 2bxp, 2bxq, 2i2z, 2i30, 2vdb, 2vue, 2vuf, 3b9l, 3b9m | |


title: Gerry Gersten

abstract: Gerry Gersten was a political caricaturist, known for his pencil on vellum technique. Gersten emerged as a noted caricaturist in the 1960s, for his illustrations books and magazines such as The New York Times, New York, Sports Illustrated, Time, Newsweek, Rolling Stone, and Esquire. Beginning in 1986 he began illustrating features for Mad, illustrating 39 features for that publication until 2001. Both football player Joe Namath and then-U.S. Vice President George H. W. Bush so liked Gersten's caricatures of them that they each requested personal copies of them, with Bush in particular calling Gersten's rendition of him a "masterpiece", the original of which Gersten gave to Bush as a gift.

text:
# Gerry Gersten

**Gerry Gersten** (October 17, 1927 – January 12, 2017) was a political caricaturist, known for his pencil on vellum technique.

Gersten emerged as a noted caricaturist in the 1960s, for his illustrations books and magazines such as *The New York Times*, *New York*, *Sports Illustrated*, *Time*, *Newsweek*, *Rolling Stone*, and *Esquire*. Beginning in 1986 he began illustrating features for *Mad*, illustrating 39 features for that publication until 2001.

Both football player Joe Namath and then-U.S. Vice President George H. W. Bush so liked Gersten's caricatures of them that they each requested personal copies of them, with Bush in particular calling Gersten's rendition of him a "masterpiece", the original of which Gersten gave to Bush as a gift.

## Early life

Gerry Gersten was born October 17, 1927, in New York City to Polish Jewish immigrant parents. He and his sister Hedy grew up in The Bronx, New York City. His parents did not agree with his decision to become an illustrator. "I remember once picking up a copy of *Life* magazine and saying to them, ‘A page in this magazine would cost an advertiser $50,000, of course you can make a living in this field.' But I couldn't convince them. They wanted me to be an accountant." Gersten studied at Cooper Union, graduating in 1950.

## Career

Gersten emerged as a noted caricaturist in the 1960s, drawing illustrations in hundreds of books and magazines such as *The New York Times*, *New York*, *Sports Illustrated*, *Time*, *Newsweek*, *Rolling Stone*, and *Esquire*.

Gersten drew depicted U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt averting his eyes from the Holocaust on the cover of Arthur D. Morse's 1968 book *While Six Million Died*.

After NFL quarterback Joe Namath led the New York Jets to victory in the 1969 Super Bowl, Gersten produced a caricature of him that Namath liked so much that he requested a copy for himself. Gersten agreed on the condition that Namath autograph a copy for his son.

Nick Meglin interviewed Gersten for his 1973 book *The Art of Humorous Illustration*.

In 1985 *Mad* co-editors John Ficarra and Meglin were searching for new artists for the magazine, specifically for craftsmen with unique styles that could expand the boundaries of what was generally thought of as *Mad* art. Ficarra came across a copy of the *New York Times Book Review* containing a book club ad featuring Gersten's caricatures of writers such as Ernest Hemingway and Edgar Allan Poe. After Meglin related to Ficarra his positive assessment of Gersten based on his art and his prior interview of him for his 1973 book, the two editors put Gersten in a list of artists to consider. A few weeks later, contributing writer Frank Jacobs submitted a parody President Ronald Reagan composed in the style of the Edgar Allan Poe poem "The Raven" called "The Reagan", which would appear in issue 265 (September 1986). Seeing an opportunity to have Gersten's art appear in *Mad* and thus effect a new look for the magazine (something they would eventually refer to as an "impact piece"), they hired him to illustrate the feature. Unlike the stanza-by-stanza multi-panel layout that typified the magazine at the time, the entire poem was printed on one page, while the entire opposite page was devoted to Gersten's illustration, which the editors were pleased with. Over the next 23 years, Gersten illustrated 39 articles for *Mad*, including numerous other impact pieces. He also redefined the recurring feature "The MAD Nasty File". His last piece for *Mad* was in issue #410 in 2001.

During George H. W. Bush's tenure as the Vice President of the United States, Gersten drew a caricature of him that Bush praised as a "masterpiece", and of which Bush requested a copy. Gersten gave the original to Bush as a gift.

In 2008, shortly before historian and author Rafael Medoff finished the manuscript of his book, *Blowing the Whistle on Genocide: Josiah E. DuBois Jr. and the Struggle for a U.S. Response to the Holocaust*, he contacted Gersten to request that Gersten provide the cover illustration of Josiah E. DuBois Jr.. Recalling his cover for *While Six Million Died* forty years earlier, Medoff has explained, "He was the artist who drew that memorable portrait of FDR averting his eyes from the Holocaust-now I wanted him to draw the whistle-blower who forced Roosevelt to stop averting his eyes." Gersten accepted the job, saying, "You don’t get too many opportunities to draw somebody whom you deeply admire. I wasn’t going to miss the chance." DuBois's son Robert called the illustration "a terrific likeness of Dad, and a wonderful tribute to what he did to save people from the Nazis." At the Wyman Institute conference, where the book's launch was held, Medoff praised Gersten while relating to the audience the story behind the book's cover, saying, "This is one of the few times that you really can judge a book by its cover. And I hope you will."

Gersten has collected awards from The Society of Illustrators, The Art Director's Club, and The Society of Publication Designers. His work has been exhibited at the Brooklyn Museum, the Spectrum Gallery, the Daz-marcel Gallery in New York City, various galleries in Connecticut, the Museum of American Illustration, and the Cornell Museum.

## Personal life and death

Gersten lived for a period in Weston, Connecticut, before ultimately moving to Ridgefield, Connecticut. He had a son, a daughter, Jill Gersten-Reitman, and two grandchildren.

Gersten died on January 12, 2017, after a long battle with Parkinson's disease. *Mad* included a tribute to Gersten and his career in issue 545 of that publication. His funeral was held in Hawthorne, New York.


title: John Knotwell

abstract: William John Knotwell III is an American politician. He was a Republican member of the Utah House of Representatives representing District 52 from January 1, 2013, to October 26, 2019. The district includes Herriman, western Riverton, southwest South Jordan in the State of Utah. Born to American parents in Subic Bay, Republic of the Philippines, Knotwell spent most of his childhood in Southern California, near San Diego. Knotwell's father was a career United States Navy sailor who spent half his career as an enlisted sailor and half as a Commissioned Warrant Officer.

text:
# John Knotwell

**William John Knotwell III** (born January 24, 1978) is an American politician. He was a Republican member of the Utah House of Representatives representing District 52 from January 1, 2013, to October 26, 2019. The district includes Herriman, western Riverton, southwest South Jordan in the State of Utah.

Born to American parents in Subic Bay, Republic of the Philippines, Knotwell spent most of his childhood in Southern California, near San Diego. Knotwell's father was a career United States Navy sailor who spent half his career as an enlisted sailor and half as a Commissioned Warrant Officer.

## Early life and education

Knotwell graduated from Poway High School in Poway, California. He attended California State University, Northridge for one year. In December 1997, Knotwell moved to Utah and enrolled as a summer visiting student at Brigham Young University. He was unsuccessful in his attempts to be accepted full-time and later enrolled at Utah Valley State College.

Knotwell earned his Associate of Science in political science from Utah Valley State College (now Utah Valley University), a Bachelor of Science in political science with a minor in history from the University of Utah, and a Masters in Business Administration from Utah State University.

## Career

During the 2010 Utah Republican neighborhood caucus, Knotwell was elected to serve as precinct chair, county delegate, and state delegate. He participated in the state and county party conventions and served his term until 2012. In 2011, Knotwell ran for the Herriman City Council to represent District 1. He was unsuccessful in unseating incumbent city councilman Matt Robinson.

In March 2012, Knotwell announced his intention to seek the Republican nomination for Utah House of Representatives. Following the 2010 United States census, the seat was occupied by Daniel McCay was redistricted and became an open seat. Four candidates sought the nomination and Knotwell won on the first ballot with 76% of the vote. In the November 2012 general election he won the popular vote and was designated representative-elect until taking office on January 1, 2013.

## Utah State House of Representatives

### 60th Utah State Legislature (2013–2014)

* Committee Assignments
    + Infrastructure and General Government Appropriations Committee, Member
    + House Revenue & Taxation Standing Committee, Member
    + House Transportation Committee, Member
    + Public Utilities & Technology Interim Committee, Member

### 61st Utah State Legislature (2015–2016)

* Committee Assignments
    + House Business & Labor Standing Committee, Vice Chair
    + House Rules Committee, Vice Chair
    + Infrastructure and General Government Appropriations Committee, Member
    + House Revenue & Taxation Standing Committee, Member
    + IT Steering Committee, Member

### 62nd Utah State Legislature (2017–2018)

Representative Knotwell was elected to serve as the majority assistant whip during the 62nd Utah State Legislature. In this capacity, he assists other members of the majority elected leadership to craft the state budget, negotiate priorities among the Utah Senate and governor's office and secure votes among the Utah House of Representatives.

* Committee Assignments
    + Executive Appropriations, Member
    + House Business & Labor Standing Committee, Member
    + House Transportation Standing Committee, Member
    + IT Steering Committee, Member

## Personal life

Knotwell lives in Herriman, Utah, and works as senior vice president of global sales at Nuvi. Knotwell and his wife, Jill, have five children.

## Electoral history

### 2012 election

Utah House of Representatives, 52nd District, Republican Nominating Convention
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | **John Knotwell** | **48** | **76.19** |
|  | Republican | Joe Ross | 7 | 11.11 |
|  | Republican | Michelle Baguley | 5 | 7.94 |
|  | Republican | Jewel K. Skousen | 3 | 4.76 |
| Total votes | | | **63** | **100.00** |

Utah House of Representatives, 52nd District, 2012 General Election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **John Knotwell** | **9,928** | **73.54** |
|  | Democratic | Daniel Paget | 2,958 | 21.91 |
|  | Independent | Aaron M. Davis | 601 | 4.45 |
| Total votes | | | **13,501** | **100.00** |

### 2014 election

Utah House of Representatives, 52nd District, 2014 General Election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **John Knotwell (incumbent)** | **6,055** | **76.45** |
|  | Democratic | Daniel Paget | 1,865 | 23.55 |
| Total votes | | | **7,920** | **100.00** |

### 2016 election

Utah House of Representatives, 52nd District, 2016 Republican Nominating Convention
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | **John Knotwell** | **122** | **86.50** |
|  | Republican | Michael Swensen | 19 | 13.40 |
| Total votes | | | **141** | **100.00** |

Utah House of Representatives, 52nd District, 2016 General Election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **John Knotwell (incumbent)** | **13,020** | **74.67** |
|  | Democratic | Garr K. Smith | 4,417 | 25.33 |
| Total votes | | | **17,437** | **100** |

## InfoBox

| John Knotwell | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Utah House of Representatives
from the 52nd district | |
| **In office**
January 1, 2013  October 26, 2019 | |
| Preceded by | Daniel McCay |
| Succeeded by | Candice Pierucci |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Jill |
| Children | 5 |
| Residence(s) | Herriman, Utah, U.S. |
| Education | Utah Valley University (AS)
University of Utah (BS)
Utah State University (MBA) |
| Website | johnknotwell.com |
|  | |


title: Canteen Stores Department (Bangladesh)

abstract: Canteen Stores Department, Bangladesh (CSD) is a military-owned retail chain store in Bangladesh. Owned and run by the Bangladesh Army, it provides a variety of food, electronics and other consumer goods. Army personnel are entitled to special discounts at all CSD outlets. The popular local fast food chain Captain's World is also owned and run by the CSD. The first Captain's World opened in 2007 near Jahangir Gate of Dhaka Cantonment and a second branch opened in Uttara. The third branch of Captain's World was opened in 2011 in Dhanmondi. CSD also runs Captain's Bakery and Cinderella Shopping Mall. The Quarter Master General of Bangladesh Army is the Chairman of Control Board. The Director of Supply and Transport of Army Headquarters, Quarter Master General's Branch is the Vice-chairman of Control Board.

text:
# Canteen Stores Department (Bangladesh)

**Canteen Stores Department, Bangladesh** (**CSD**) is a military-owned retail chain store in Bangladesh. Owned and run by the Bangladesh Army, it provides a variety of food, electronics and other consumer goods. Army personnel are entitled to special discounts at all CSD outlets.

The popular local fast food chain Captain's World is also owned and run by the CSD. The first Captain's World opened in 2007 near Jahangir Gate of Dhaka Cantonment and a second branch opened in Uttara. The third branch of Captain's World was opened in 2011 in Dhanmondi. CSD also runs Captain's Bakery and Cinderella Shopping Mall.

The Quarter Master General of Bangladesh Army is the Chairman of Control Board. The Director of Supply and Transport of Army Headquarters, Quarter Master General's Branch (Supply and Transport Directorate) is the Vice-chairman of Control Board.

## InfoBox

Canteen Stores Department
|
|  |
| Native name | CSD |
| Company type | Armed forces-owned |
| Industry | Retail |
| Headquarters | Dhaka Cantonment |
| Owner | Bangladesh Armed Forces<br>Bangladesh Army |
| Website | csdbangladesh.com |


title: RN01-SS

abstract: The RN01-SS anti-ship and land attack missile being developed as of 2021 by the Indonesian Ministry of Defense and several companies. RN01-SS stands for Rudal Nasional 01 - Surface to Surface. The RN01-SS has a subsonic speed and its appearance is similar to the C-705 missile.

text:
# RN01-SS

The **RN01-SS** anti-ship and land attack missile being developed as of 2021 by the Indonesian Ministry of Defense and several companies. RN01-SS stands for *Rudal* *Nasional* 01 - Surface to Surface. The RN01-SS has a subsonic speed and its appearance is similar to the C-705 missile.

## Development

The development was carried out by the Ministry of Defense and BPPT together with a consortium of companies consisting of PT Dirgantara Indonesia, PT Pindad, PT Dahana, PT LEN Industri and PT Teknologi Rekatama Solusi Indonesia (TRESS).

In the 2020 LAPAN activity report, it is known that an RN01-SS model was tested in the Lapan Pustekbang subsonic wind tunnel. In these testing activities, the aerodynamics laboratory of the LAPAN aviation technology center provides wind tunnel facilities. Meanwhile, the data acquisition system and sensors used belong to PT Dirgantara Indonesia.

The test model used is a test model with a scale of 1:1. The configuration of the model consists of a shortened body, inlet nacelle, inlet duct and turbojet engine (F1ID). Engine-inlet static testing using a special test-rig with a model scale of 1:1.

1. Artama (23 February 2021). "Pengujian Rudal RN01-SS di Terowongan Angin Subsonik". Retrieved 20 June 2021.
2. Prabowo (2021). p. 103.

## Sources

* Prabowo, Gunawan Setyo (2021). *Laporan Akuntabilitas Kinerja Pustekbang LAPAN 2020*. Pusat Teknologi Penerbangan Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional.


title: Cursed (Ion Dissonance album)

abstract: Cursed is the fourth studio album by the Canadian mathcore band Ion Dissonance, released on August 24, 2010 through Century Media in North America, Doom Patrol Records in Japan, and Basick Records in Europe. This is the first Ion Dissonance album to feature 8-string guitars as well as clean vocals, as the song "Pallor" is the first Ion Dissonance song to ever feature clean singing.

text:
# Cursed (Ion Dissonance album)

***Cursed*** is the fourth studio album by the Canadian mathcore band Ion Dissonance, released on August 24, 2010 through Century Media in North America, Doom Patrol Records in Japan, and Basick Records in Europe. This is the first Ion Dissonance album to feature 8-string guitars as well as clean vocals, as the song "Pallor" is the first Ion Dissonance song to ever feature clean singing.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Cursed" | 0:53 |
| 2. | "You People are Messed Up" | 3:30 |
| 3. | "The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same" | 2:32 |
| 4. | "This Is the Last Time I Repeat Myself" (featuring Alex Erian of Despised Icon) | 4:36 |
| 5. | "No Care Ever" | 2:55 |
| 6. | "After Everything That's Happened, What Did You Expect" | 1:53 |
| 7. | "We Like to Call This One...Fuck Off" | 4:46 |
| 8. | "Can Someone Please Explain This to Me?" | 2:42 |
| 9. | "Disaster in Sight" | 2:13 |
| 10. | "This Is Considered Mere Formality" | 4:26 |
| 11. | "This Feels Like the End…" | 4:10 |
| 12. | "They'll Never Know" | 7:48 |

iTunes Bonus Track
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "Pallor" | 6:16 |

Japan Bonus Track
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "After Everything That's Happened, What Did You Expect" (Big Chocolate Remix) |  |

European Bonus Track
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "You People Are Messed Up" (Big Chocolate remix) |  |

## Personnel

* Kevin McCaughey – vocals
* Antoine Lussier – guitar
* Sebastien Chaput – guitar
* Yannick Desgroseillers – bass
* Jean-François Richard – drums

## InfoBox

| Cursed | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Ion Dissonance | |
| Released | August 24, 2010 (2010-08-24) |
| Genre | Deathcore, mathcore |
| Length | 42:17 |
| Label |  |
| Ion Dissonance chronology | |
| *Minus the Herd*
(2007) ***Cursed***
(2010) *Cast the First Stone*
(2016) | |


title: Brooke Alexander

abstract: Brooke Alexander is an American actress and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss World America 1980 and represented her country at Miss World 1980 in London where she placed Top 7. She is best known for her role as con-artist Samantha Markham in As the World Turns (1994–1996).

text:
# Brooke Alexander

**Brooke Alexander** is an American actress and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned **Miss World America 1980** and represented her country at Miss World 1980 in London where she placed Top 7. She is best known for her role as con-artist Samantha Markham in *As the World Turns* (1994–1996).

## Career

Alexander originated the role of con-artist Samantha Markham on *As the World Turns* in 1994 and played the role until 1996. She has had roles in *Magnum, P.I.*, *Island Son*, *P.S. I Luv U*, *Tattingers*, and *The Last Nightmaster* and has also appeared on *One Life to Live* as Julia Michaels (2001).

From 2006 to 2007, she was a host of the "Real Simple" lifestyle television program based on *Real Simple* magazine.

## Personal life

On September 26, 2009, Alexander married tennis player Marko Zelenovic. She gave birth to a son in 2004.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1987 | *I Love N.Y.* | Model |  |
| 1988 | *Bum Rap* | Pizza Girl |  |
| 1991 | *Cool as Ice* | Reporter |  |
| 2011 | *Pearl Jam Twenty* | Interviewer |  |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1989 | *Tattingers* | Chastity | Episode: "Wall Street Blues" |
| 1992 | *P.S. I Luv U* | Cindy Davies | Episode: "The Chameleon" |
| 1992 | *Blossom* | Ms Quigly | Episode: "The Frat Party" |
| 1993 | *Love & War* | Woman In The Bar | Episode: "Opening Day" |
| 1994–1996 | *As the World Turns* | Samantha Markham | 25 episodes |
| 2010 | *Law & Order: SVU* | Beth Butler | Episode: "Ace" |
| 2010 | *Law & Order: Criminal Intent* | Carol Felix | Episode: "Love Sick" |
| 2011 | *Hawaii Five-0* | Diana Meachum | Episode: "Loa Aloha" |
| 2012 | *Royal Pains* | Mrs. Smythe | Episode: "About Face" |

## InfoBox

| Brooke Alexander | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Kailua, Hawaii, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Spouse | Marko Zelenovic  (m. 2009) |
| Children | 1 |
| **Beauty pageant titleholder** | |
| Title | Miss World America 1980 |
| Years active | 1987–present |
| Major
competition(s) | Miss World America 1980
(Winner)
Miss World 1980
(Top 7) |
|  | |


title: Savolles

abstract: Savolles is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

text:
# Savolles

**Savolles** (French pronunciation: \[savɔl\]) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 28 |  |
| 1968 | 29 | +3.6% |
| 1975 | 34 | +17.2% |
| 1982 | 42 | +23.5% |
| 1990 | 98 | +133.3% |
| 1999 | 128 | +30.6% |
| 2008 | 164 | +28.1% |

## InfoBox

| Savolles | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Location of Savolles | |
| SavollesSavolles | |
| Coordinates: 47°22′38″N 5°16′32″E / 47.3772°N 5.2756°E / 47.3772; 5.2756 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté |
| Department | Côte-d'Or |
| Arrondissement | Dijon |
| Canton | Saint-Apollinaire |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Isabelle Lajoux |
| Area**1** | 3.12 km2 (1.20 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 152 |
| Density | 49/km2 (130/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 21595 /21310 |
| Elevation | 204–253 m (669–830 ft)
(avg. 241 m or 791 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Pratiyogitvam

abstract: Pratiyogitvam, a Sanskrit term, means recognizing 'difference' by noting the 'otherness' in another thing; 'difference' means 'the want of the total characteristic of one thing in another'. Differences are of three kinds: (a) 'difference existing in oneself' (svajātiya-bheda), (b) 'difference in species' (svagata-bheda), and (c) 'difference of genus' (vijātiya-bheda). These differences do not exist in Brahman who is one without a second. The Upanishads negate these differences in Brahman who is self-revealing and can be experienced when all mentations cease, what is then experienced is not nothing, for there can be no knowledge of a thing that does not exist.

text:
# Pratiyogitvam

**Pratiyogitvam**, a Sanskrit term, means recognizing 'difference' by noting the 'otherness' in another thing; 'difference' means 'the want of the total characteristic of one thing in another'. Differences are of three kinds: (a) 'difference existing in oneself' (*svajātiya-bheda*), (b) 'difference in species' (*svagata-bheda*), and (c) 'difference of genus' (*vijātiya-bheda*). These differences do not exist in Brahman who is one without a second. The Upanishads negate these differences in Brahman who is self-revealing and can be experienced when all mentations cease, what is then experienced is not nothing, for there can be no knowledge of a thing that does not exist.

## Background

After explaining that creation means the appearance of names and forms which cannot be parts of Brahman, for before creation they did not arise, and that one object differs from another on account of its name and form whereas Brahman is absolutely without name and form, with regard to 'non-existence', Vidyaranya in his Panchadasi (Stanza II-25) tells us:

> विजातीयमसत्तत्तु न खल्वस्तीति गम्यते
> नास्यातः प्रतियोगित्वं विजातीयाभ्दिदा कुतः
> And about non-existence: we cannot say that it (is something that) exists. So it cannot serve as a *pratiyogin*. If so, how can there be *vijātiya* difference.

In which context, Swami Swahananda explains that to speak of 'difference' from a thing which does not exist conveys no meaning. The world is not really real so it cannot stand on the same footing. *Bheda* means 'difference', or 'not itself or the same but another'. *Pratiyogitvam*, a technical term, means recognizing 'difference' by noting the 'otherness' in another thing.

## Non-existence

'Non-existence' is something that appears and is later negated or contradicted; the falsehood of an appearance (*Mithyatva*) consists in the fact that its existence may be denied, in all the three temporal relations, in the locus or the entity where it is perceived. The illusory object is both, existent and non-existent; it appears as existent, but is yet not such an existent which remains un-contradicted in the past, present and future. *Mithya*, in Advaita Vedanta, is not to be understood as illusion; *mithya* is that which is not unreal because it appears, but is not real since later it disappears; so too is it with Maya. Gaudapada tells us that the utility of the objects seen in the waking state is contradicted by the dream state; objects have to be regarded as *mithya* since they have a beginning and an end.

## Pratiyogin

The word *Pratiyogin* (Sanskrit: प्रतियोगिन्) means opposing, counteracting, impeding, related or corresponding to, being or forming a counterpart of anything, equally matched, an object dependent upon another, counter-entity; it also means uninterrupted succession.

According to Madhvacharya the counter-correlate (*pratiyogi*) in the case of absolute negation, which is limitless, is the absolutely non-existent itself; non-existence is also called the negation whose counter-correlate is a myth. Being the counter-correlate is not an attribute which requires or presupposes the actual existence of a referent like other predications of attributes like colour; to be the counter-correlate of a negation is merely being the referent of such knowledge as would enable the formation of the idea of negation.

It is the cognition of distinctness which gives rise to an expectation about a counter-positive i.e. to a counter-correlate.

Thus, 'being' is defined as that which at all times and in all places cannot be denied or which being different from non-being, is not a false imposition or as that which at some time or other is directly and rightly felt as existing. And, difference between genera are apprehended along with counter-correlates, which are remote in space and time. Perception of *Svarupa* ('one's own form') and *Bheda* ('difference') is immediate upon an encounter with the object.

## Significance

In the context of Brahma Sutras (IV.1) which refers to the 'inferred entity' (*Pradhana*) of the *Samkhya*s, Shankara explains that the term, *Avyakta* (which is not manifest) can be applied equally to any other subtle and inscrutable thing, and does not conventionally mean any particular thing; the identity of a thing cannot be established merely from the similarity of the order of treatment unless the nature of the thing itself is recognized as identical. The Supreme Self is presented by Katha Upanishad (I.iii.10) as the master of the chariot, that is so because the experiencer can reasonably be superior to the objects of experience.

Kena Upanishad (I.5) prohibits meditation on Brahman because Brahman is beyond the range of speech and mind, and because the attribute-less Brahman cannot be an object of knowledge. Swami Swahananda in the context of 'leading' error being potent enough to give correct results states that meditation on or worship of Brahman can lead to liberation even though the form of Brahman worshipped is illusory. As long as the delusion of identifying the body with Brahman prevails, a man will not realise identity of the individual self with the Supreme self.


title: Ted Kennedy 1980 presidential campaign

text:
# Ted Kennedy 1980 presidential campaign

The 1980 presidential campaign of Ted Kennedy, United States Senator from Massachusetts, was formally launched on November 7, 1979, as Senator Kennedy, the youngest Kennedy brother, announced his intention to seek the Democratic Party nomination for the presidency of the United States in the 1980 presidential election against incumbent President Jimmy Carter.

Kennedy benefited from President Carter's historically low approval ratings, reminiscing of his brothers' presidency and presidential campaigns, and support from the liberal faction of the Democratic Party. However, disorganization and ineffective campaigning allowed Carter to bridge the 2-to-1 polling gap following a rise in his approval rating due to his initial handling of the Iran hostage crisis.

Despite losing the majority of presidential contests Kennedy rose in the polls and overcame Carter in multiple states following another drop in his approval rating due to his poor handling of the hostage crisis and receiving prominent labor union endorsements. After failing to prevent Carter from gaining enough delegates to cause a brokered convention Kennedy attempted to release the delegates from their voting commitments which also failed. On August 11, 1980, Kennedy ended his campaign at the national convention after failing to have the rules overturned.

Kennedy's campaign was the last attempt by any member of the Kennedy family to gain a party's presidential nomination until Robert F. Kennedy Jr. in the 2024 election. Despite having lost the nomination after leading Carter with a two to one polling advantage Kennedy's speech, "The Dream Shall Never Die", was viewed as the highlight of his political career and one of the most influential orations of the era. Kennedy's challenge to Carter was the last time any major candidate opposed an incumbent Democratic president in the primaries, with it being considered one of the major reasons Carter lost the 1980 election, and was the last time any incumbent president lost multiple states to an opponent.

## Background

Following his brother's victory in the 1960 Presidential election his Senate seat was left open with Ted reaching the minimum age required to serve in the Senate by the time the special election was to be held. Ted won the special election after facing significant primary and general opposition and would be joined in the Senate by Robert F. Kennedy in 1964.

After his eldest brother's assassination, both he and Robert were floated as possible presidential candidates, with Lyndon B. Johnson concerned about the "Bobby problem". However, the push for another Kennedy candidate was focused on Robert and only a Draft Bobby campaign was launched in 1964 that gained significant traction in the New Hampshire vice presidential primary, but failed elsewhere. In 1968 Robert ran a presidential campaign, against the advice of Ted who urged him to wait until 1972, that vied with Senator Eugene McCarthy in the Democratic primary until his assassination after winning the California primary. Robert's delegates split and backed multiple different favorite sons and Ted was floated as a replacement for Robert with Governor Michael DiSalle pushing the idea. However, the plan failed to gain traction and Ted only received 12.75 unsolicited delegates of Robert's 393.5 delegates. Ted also considered being the vice presidential nominee, but later declined.

After the Chappaquiddick incident in 1969 it was feared that it would be impossible for him to win a national race and despite calls for him to enter the 1972 race Kennedy chose to not run and instead supported George McGovern. However, in 1976 Kennedy stated that he would be open to a "genuine draft" or be the running mate to Hubert Humphrey due to the rise of Jimmy Carter who would most likely not support the agenda of the liberal faction of Democrats.

### Carter administration

Relations between Kennedy and the Carter administration were strained due to disagreements over policy between the two who both held considerable political power; Kennedy's political celebrity within the party and Carter's holding of the presidency. The debate over healthcare was a point of contention between the two as despite having proposed health care reform that included key features of Kennedy's national health insurance bill and during the 1976 presidential campaign Carter had asked Kennedy to create a bill that would decrease federal spending and retain the role of private insurance companies, but later halted the bill due to budgetary concerns and political caution.

By late 1977 Carter reportedly saw Kennedy as a future challenger to his presidency. Ire between the two grew as Carter attempted to prevent Kennedy from gaining more official power in the Senate, including Carter's attempts to change Senator James Eastland's decision to retire to prevent Kennedy from taking over the chairmanship of the Senate Judiciary Committee.

## Announcement

On October 29, an official "Kennedy for President Committee" was formed causing multiple state level draft committees to disband, but the majority of these committees were restructured into official committees that suffered from a lack of organization. The same day, Kennedy legally became a candidate and informed the Federal Elections Commission that the "Kennedy for President Committee" would be raising campaign funds on his behalf. On October 30, it was reported that Kennedy would declare his candidacy on November 7 in Boston. After spending the past weeks giving speeches critical of Carter, Kennedy announced on November 7, 1979 his intention to seek the Democratic nomination for president, despite statements made by Kennedy's mentor and Speaker of the House Tip O'Neill saying that he did not expect him to run, in Faneuil Hall, Boston, Massachusetts where he made statements attacking Carter for his "lack of a clear summons from the center of power".

Shortly after his announcement a debate between Kennedy and Carter was arranged by The Des Moines Register and the Des Moines Tribune that was to be held two weeks before the Iowa caucus. According to a poll conducted by Time Kennedy was leading with 49% of Democratic voters with Carter behind at 39% and the remaining undecided. Similar results were found in a poll conducted by CBS and The New York Times showing Kennedy at 54% and Carter at 20%. On November 8, the National Conservative Political Action Committee announced that it formed a "Kennedy Truth Squad" to publicize Kennedy's legislative history and his actions at Chappaquiddick.

On November 4, 1979, he was interviewed by Roger Mudd and was later criticized for his rambling answer to "Senator, why do you want to be President?" as Kennedy was holding off his presidential announcement.

In spite of Kennedy's performance in polling against Carter, Theodore H. White, author of the Making of the President series, described the first week of Kennedy's campaign as a snowman dissolving in early spring due to his poor performance during Mudd's interview and Governor Hugh Carey described him as a plummeting star in private.

## Campaign developments 1979

### November

Kennedy conducted his first political rallies in New England and the southern United States. While he was campaigning in the southern United States a poll of 157 Democratic National Committee members was conducted by the American Broadcasting Company that showed Carter with 99, Kennedy with 44, Brown with 2, and 12 undecided.

In the early stages of the Iran Hostage Crisis, which had begun on the same day as his interview with Mudd, Kennedy criticized Carter for not having better contingency plans to protect Americans in the Iranian embassies. He also criticized Carter taking no action against rising inflation. However, by mid-November Kennedy stopped attacking Carter's response to the hostage crisis and started to criticize him as a continuation of the presidencies of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford.

On November 18, he held a meeting at his home in Virginia with an invitation to all 104 presidents of AFL–CIO unions in an attempt to gain the organization's endorsement at its convention. The next day he met with leaders of the Communications Workers of America, which had over 600,000 members, where he was praised by the executive board members, but on November 20 the board voted 12 to 5 in favor of giving its endorsement to Carter.

Although Kennedy was a critic of Big Oil, Herbert Schmertz, vice president of public affairs for ExxonMobil, served as a volunteer to help create and lead the $21 million advertisement campaign for Kennedy. Kennedy later stated that Carter's decontrolling of oil would cost Americans $1,000 more per year causing Robert S. Strauss, Carter's campaign manager, to accuse Kennedy of using false information that was contrary to the Congressional Budget Office's estimates.

### December

Although Kennedy had initially led Carter in polling up to the announcement of his presidential campaign, Carter's approval rating rose following the start of the Iran hostage crisis and an ABC–Harris poll conducted in November showed Carter leading Kennedy with 42% to 40% with Jerry Brown at 11%. However, Louis Harris stated that Carter's approval rating could fall as President Gerald Ford's had following the Mayaguez incident.

Kennedy criticized Carter for giving asylum to Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in early December leading to bipartisan criticism of Kennedy, and Carter attacked Kennedy for the first time since he announced his candidacy stating that Kennedy's comments would delay the release of American hostages in Iran. Stephen Edward Smith, his brother-in-law and campaign manager, criticized Carter for using the hostage crisis to deflect criticism. A Gallup Poll conducted after Kennedy's statements showed Carter leading him with 50% to 37% with Kennedy's statements and over 70% of Americans approving of Carter's handling of the hostage crisis being cited as major reasons for Carter's rise in polling and in the general election it showed Kennedy narrowly defeating Ronald Reagan by 49% to 44% after polling in October showed him leading Reagan with 64% to 34%.

On December 13, he attended the United Mine Workers' convention where he criticized Carter's support of nuclear power and gave support to expanding the use of coal by designing every fossil fuel power plant to be able to burn coal. Despite his fall in polling Kennedy received multiple prominent endorsements in late December with Representative Mo Udall giving his endorsement to Kennedy on December 18, and on December 27, the rest of Massachusetts' congressional delegation endorse him with Senator Paul Tsongas heading the delegation.

## Campaign developments 1980

### January

On January 3, 1980, his campaign became eligible for presidential campaign matching funds. Shortly before the debate, conducted by The Des Moines Register and the Des Moines Tribune, was meant to be held, Jimmy Carter announced that he would not be participating and later cancelled all of his appearances in Iowa.

Former Representative Allard K. Lowenstein stated that Kennedy was not going to win Iowa and that it would be difficult for him to defeat Carter unless the situations in Iran and Afghanistan changed before the February primaries. On January 21, Carter defeated Kennedy in the Iowa caucuses with almost 60% of the vote and 30 delegates to Kennedy's 15, however former Representative Teno Roncalio stated there "were still 14 rounds left to go".

Nearing and following his defeat in Iowa Kennedy restructured his campaign with aides being asked to forgo their paychecks to conserve money, cancelling a national ten-city fundraising tour, ending the usage of his Boeing 727 plane to save $125,000, and removing organization in Illinois, Ohio, and Indiana to move them to New England in preparation for the Maine and New Hampshire primaries. The national campaign staff was decreased from over two hundred to less than seventy five and all of the paid staffers working in Illinois were fired and replaced with volunteer work. A four-day campaign throughout New England was later cancelled due to his commitments in Washington, D.C.

### February

On February 5, nine members, including Vice Presidents Ken Bannon, Irving Bluestone, Mark Stepp, and Martin Gerber, of the twenty-five-member board of the United Automobile Workers announced that they would support Kennedy.

On February 5, Vice President Walter Mondale stated that Carter's response to the Soviet Union "proves he has more backbone than Democratic or Republican challengers" causing Kennedy to reply that "if he has so much backbone why won't he come up here and start debating" due to Carter's refusal to debate Kennedy or leave Washington, D.C. Carter's campaign also created five anti-Kennedy radio advertisements criticizing Kennedy for not being able to hold the position of Senate majority whip in 1971 and for voting to cut $885 million from the nuclear submarine program. Kennedy later accused Brown and Carter of working together in an "unholy alliance" to defeat him in the Maine caucus.

Leaked internal memos and documents from the campaign showed that Kennedy was struggling to gain the endorsements of numerous prominent Democratic officials that were now going to Carter instead and how they were worried that Kennedy's position on gun control would hurt him in the Maine caucus among rural voters. On February 10, Carter won the Maine caucus with a plurality of 43.59% for 1,017 delegates at the state convention to Kennedy's 40.16% for 847 delegates at the state convention.

Following the Maine caucus an internal poll of the New Hampshire primary was conducted by Peter Hart and it showed that Carter would win the state in a landslide. On February 26, Carter defeated Kennedy in New Hampshire with 47.08% for 10 delegates to Kennedy's 37.30% for 9 delegates.

### March

Following his defeat in New Hampshire, Kennedy decreased the pay of his workers by 50% and spent $270,000 on advertisements in Illinois and New York. On March 4, he easily won his home state Massachusetts with 65.07% giving him 77 delegates to Carter's 34 delegates, but was defeated in a landslide in the Vermont caucus.

On March 11, Carter won the Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, and Delaware primaries winning a total of 206 delegates to Kennedy's 33. Kennedy performed poorly in all five states with his best performance being in Florida with 23% due to the conservatism of Southern Democrats, but he performed well among Jewish voters in Florida due to a recent United Nations vote that was critical of Israel.

Although it was predicted that Carter would win the Illinois primary's popular vote, Kennedy campaigned in the Chicago area to gain support from urban and minority voters to receive the area's delegates that accounted for one-third of the state's total delegates to lessen the impact of Carter's victory. However, shortly before the primary Kennedy ended all campaign activities to visit and mourn the death of Allard K. Lowenstein. On March 16, Carter narrowly won Puerto Rico with 52% for 21 delegates against Kennedy's 48% for 20 delegates. On March 18, Carter won the Illinois primary in a landslide with over sixty percent of the popular vote and won 165 delegates to Kennedy's 14.

On March 22, Carter won the Virginia and Mississippi caucuses in landslides winning over 2,000 state convention delegates while Kennedy received less than 400 and 30 of Mississippi's 32 delegates with the remaining two being uncommitted.

However, despite his multiple defeats beforehand, Kennedy narrowly won Connecticut with 29 delegates to Carter's 25 delegates and New York with 163 delegates to Carter's 118 delegates on March 25. Although Carter had received the black vote in Illinois Kennedy won in all of the majority black congressional districts in New York and received almost eighty percent of the Jewish vote.

### April to May

Carter won in Kansas and Wisconsin. In the Louisiana primary Carter won 39 delegates against Kennedy's 12 delegates. Kennedy narrowly won the Pennsylvania primary and received 94 delegates against Carter's 91 delegates. Kennedy won the Michigan caucus and received 71 convention delegates against Carter's 70 convention delegates.

Carter won Texas. On May 6, Carter won Indiana, North Carolina, and Tennessee while Kennedy won Washington, D.C. On May 13, Carter won Maryland and Nebraska. On May 20, Carter won Oregon and the Michigan state convention chose to have their delegates remain uncommitted at the national convention. On May 27, Carter won Arkansas, Idaho, Kentucky, and Nevada.

### June to July

On June 3, Kennedy won the California, New Jersey, New Mexico, Rhode Island, and South Dakota primaries and Carter won the Montana, Ohio, and West Virginia primaries. However, Carter won enough delegates to pass the minimum 1,666 delegates needed to win on the first ballot with the final delegate total being 1,948 for Carter and 1,215 for Kennedy. Despite it now being mathematically impossible for Kennedy to win the presidential nomination he announced that he would not drop out of the race.

On June 20, Kennedy criticized the initial draft of the Democratic Party's 1980 platform as it did not address "the anxieties and fears of the American people" and asked for revisions to the economic plans. Although some of his proposed ideas were accepted in the final version of the platform the majority of his suggestions were rejected.

On July 1, Kennedy was interviewed at his Senate office and stated that he could concede to Carter if he would support a $12.6 billion employment program and other anti-recession expenditures. Although members of Carter's campaign had criticized Chicago Mayor Jane Byrne for being the only mayor of a major city to support Kennedy, a meeting was held between Byrne and Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Moon Landrieu and former DNC Chairman Robert S. Strauss that was alleged to be an attempt to gain her endorsement from Kennedy or for the general election after the convention.

In mid-July, the Democratic Rules Committee voted to require delegates to vote for their pledged candidates on the first ballot was approved by a vote of 87.25 to 65.5. On July 31, John B. Anderson suggested that he would drop out of the presidential election if Kennedy won the Democratic nomination after a private meeting was held between both of the candidates.

### August

On August 1, Kennedy stated that Carter was treating the delegates like robots and that the nominee might as well be chosen by mail order ballot if the convention was not open. Morley Winograd, who served as the chairman of the Commission on Presidential Nomination and Party Structure when the rule that all delegates are bound on the first ballot and now served as a Michigan delegate for Kennedy, criticized the roll call vote and the method of how the rule was passed citing the three minute debate time limit and that the commission was focused on more important issues at the time. On August 5, Senator Henry M. Jackson gave his support to an open convention and stated that Kennedy would have an easier time defeating Ronald Reagan.

On August 6, Kennedy gave a speech in Washington, D.C. where he stated that he would not endorse Carter unless he accepts some of his economic policies and that he would give a speech in favor of his policies at the convention. Shortly before the convention convened Kennedy spent the remaining days campaigning in New York City and released a list of seven possible vice presidential running mates that consisted of Senator Henry M. Jackson, Governor Reubin Askew, Mayor Tom Bradley, Representative Lindy Boggs, Secretary of Education Shirley Hufstedler, Representative L. Richardson Preyer, and Senator Adlai Stevenson III. However, Askew, who was selected to replace Florida Governor Bob Graham who had rejected serving as Kennedy's running mate, later stated that he was not interested in serving as vice president.

The Democratic delegates voted to enforce the rules to bound all delegates on the first ballot on the first day of the convention on August 11. One hour and twenty three minutes later Kennedy announced that he was ending his presidential campaign. Representative Barbara Mikulski was given the role of nominating Kennedy at the national convention and the delegates bound to Kennedy either voted for Kennedy, another candidate, or abstain in both the presidential and vice presidential ballots in protest.

## Platform

### Domestic policy

During the drafting of the Democratic Party's 1980 platform, Kennedy proposed that planks in favor of a $12 billion recession program, wage-price controls, and gasoline rationing be added. He also proposed that the United States should phase out the usage of nuclear power and replace it with coal and solar power. However, the Democratic Platform Committee rejected all of these proposals.

Kennedy supported abortion rights and the Equal Rights Amendment. Stronger support for both positions was included into the 1980 Democratic platform.

### Foreign policy

On December 1, 1979, Kennedy criticized the foreign relationship the United States held with Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi stating that it "reminds us that we cannot entrust our fortunes to regressive regimes that may become casualties at any moment" and against giving the Shah asylum. He also stated that the United States should help create a peace agreement between Israel and Egypt, but to not force the Israelis to accept insecure borders and that they should not negotiate with the Palestine Liberation Organization.

On December 13, 1979, he gave a speech at a fundraising dinner in New York where he stated that he was in favor of increasing foreign aid to Israel by $350 million in response to inflation lowering the value of the United States dollar.

Kennedy's proposal for ending the Soviet–Afghan War involved both the United States and Soviet Union agreeing not to intervene in Afghani affairs, to create a coalition government, an initial withdrawal of 20,000 Soviet soldiers for a future total withdrawal, and that both nations would not have military alliances with Afghanistan.

## Endorsements

List of political endorsements Organizations Cabinet members U.S. Congress State officials U.S. municipal officials Notable individuals

## Campaign finance

| Candidate | Campaign committee | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Raised | Total contrib. | Ind. contrib. | Pres. pub. funds | Spent |
| Ted Kennedy | $16,862,212.00 | $263,129.00 | $5,002,448.00 | $3,862,555.00 | $16,735,701.00 |

| State/territory | Campaign fundraising and spending by state/territory | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Ind. contrib. | Ind. contrib. \<$200 | % \<$200 | Spent |
| Alabama | $17,670.00 | $1,045.00 | 5.91% | $200.00 |
| Alaska | $6,950.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $0.00 |
| Arkansas | $13,850.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $20.00 |
| California | $658,185.00 | $2,796.00 | 0.42% | $1,788.00 |
| Colorado | $17,600.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $0.00 |
| Delaware | $7,900.00 | $200.00 | 2.53% | $0.00 |
| Washington, D.C. | $199,771.00 | $275.00 | 0.14% | $831,422.00 |
| Florida | $213,082.00 | $410.00 | 0.19% | $200.00 |
| Foreign electoral intervention | $11,300.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $0.00 |
| Georgia (U.S. state) | $12,346.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $0.00 |
| Hawaii | $10,750.00 | $150.00 | 1.40% | $250.00 |
| Idaho | $10,100.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $0.00 |
| Illinois | $411,401.00 | $1,550.00 | 0.38% | $5,175.00 |
| Indiana | $23,670.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $0.00 |
| Iowa | $10,808.00 | $585.00 | 5.41% | $0.00 |
| Kansas | $25,950.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $0.00 |
| Kentucky | $3,900.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $0.00 |
| Louisiana | $19,298.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $0.00 |
| Maine | $8,600.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $0.00 |
| Maryland | $112,526.00 | $475.00 | 0.42% | $0.00 |
| Massachusetts | $622,388.00 | $650.00 | 0.10% | $1,225.00 |
| Michigan | $64,515.00 | $400.00 | 0.62% | $150.00 |
| Minnesota | $32,260.00 | $810.00 | 2.51% | $175.00 |
| Mississippi | $7,850.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $0.00 |
| Missouri | $72,918.00 | $260.00 | 0.36% | $20,000.00 |
| Montana | $7,210.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $25.00 |
| Nebraska | $5,950.00 | $300.00 | 5.04% | $3.00 |
| Nevada | $18,675.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $0.00 |
| New Hampshire | $29,625.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $15.00 |
| New Jersey | $112,310.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $1,060.00 |
| New Mexico | $15,159.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $0.00 |
| New York (U.S. state) | $602,522.00 | $400.00 | 0.07% | $1,257,193.00 |
| North Carolina | $9,275.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $0.00 |
| North Dakota | $1,500.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $0.00 |
| Ohio | $102,091.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $0.00 |
| Oklahoma | $19,980.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $0.00 |
| Oregon | $7,601.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $0.00 |
| Other | $135,934.00 | N/A | N/A | $0.00 |
| Pennsylvania | $129,760.00 | $150.00 | 0.12% | $1,015.00 |
| Puerto Rico | $117,720.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $0.00 |
| Rhode Island | $31,600.00 | $1,000.00 | 3.16% | $400.00 |
| South Carolina | $6,650.00 | $150.00 | 2.26% | $0.00 |
| South Dakota | $6,739.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $0.00 |
| Tennessee | $6,739.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $100.00 |
| Texas | $62,325.00 | $5.00 | \>0.01% | $0.00 |
| Utah | $6,550.00 | $250.00 | 3.82% | $0.00 |
| Vermont | $4,800.00 | $150.00 | 3.13% | $0.00 |
| Virginia | $78,660.00 | $150.00 | 0.19% | $450.00 |
| Washington (U.S. state) | $22,981.00 | $300.00 | 1.31% | $0.00 |
| West Virginia | $14,270.00 | $0.00 | 0.00% | $0.00 |
| Wisconsin | $24,910.00 | $410.00 | 1.65% | $250.00 |
| Wyoming | $7,650.00 | $150.00 | 1.96% | $0.00 |

## InfoBox

| Kennedy For President Committee | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Campaign | 1980 United States presidential election (Democratic primaries) |
| Candidate | **Ted Kennedy**<br>United States Senator from Massachusetts<br>*(1962–2009)* |
| Affiliation | Democratic Party |
| Status | Withdrawn |
| EC formed | October 29, 1979 |
| Announced | November 7, 1979 |
| Suspended | August 11, 1980 |
| Key people | Stephen Edward Smith<br>(Campaign manager) <br>Ron Brown<br>(Deputy campaign manager) <br>Thomas P. Southwick<br>(Press secretary) |
| Receipts | US$16,862,212.00 |
| Slogan | Teddy is ready |


title: Casco Antiguo

abstract: The Casco Antiguo is the city centre district of Seville, the capital of the Spanish region of Andalusia. The Casco Antiguo comprises Seville's old town, which lies on the east bank of the Guadalquivir river. It borders the districts of Macarena to the north, Nervión and San Pablo-Santa Justa to the east, and the Distrito Sur to the south. Bridges across the Guadalquivir link the Casco Antiguo to Los Remedios, Triana and La Cartuja.

text:
# Casco Antiguo

The **Casco Antiguo** (Spanish for *Ancient District*) is the city centre district of Seville, the capital of the Spanish region of Andalusia. The Casco Antiguo comprises Seville's old town, which lies on the east bank of the Guadalquivir river. It borders the districts of Macarena to the north, Nervión and San Pablo-Santa Justa to the east, and the Distrito Sur to the south. Bridges across the Guadalquivir link the Casco Antiguo to Los Remedios, Triana and La Cartuja.

## Buildings

There are three UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the district: the Cathedral of Seville, the Alcazar and the Archivo General de Indias. The Gothic Cathedral was built in 1403 on the site of a former mosque of which the Almohad minaret, the Giralda, was retained as a bell tower. It is the largest Gothic building in Europe and houses the tomb of Christopher Columbus. The Alcázar, built by the Moors in 712, was converted into a Christian royal residence in 1248. The Archive of the Indies was designed as a trade exchange of American treasures by Juan de Herrera under the orders of King Philip II of Spain. It was never used in that role and in 1784 King Charles III of Spain decided to store all documents relating to the conquest of the Americas.

Other buildings in the district include the Torre del Oro, the City Hall, the Palace of San Telmo, and the Metropol Parasol. The University of Seville is mainly based in the former Royal Tobacco Factory in the south of the Casco Antiguo, the setting to the story and opera *Carmen*. The city's bullring is in El Arenal.

## Neighbourhoods

It has twelve neighbourhoods. Of these, El Arenal on the riverfront was the port of Seville until the Guadalquivir silted up in the 17th century, while the neighbouring Santa Cruz neighbourhood was a Jewish quarter until the Spanish Inquisition.

* Alfalfa
* Arenal
* Encarnación-Regina
* Feria
* Museo
* San Bartolomé
* San Julián
* San Gil
* San Lorenzo
* San Vicente
* Santa Catalina
* Santa Cruz

37°23′36″N 5°59′40″W / 37.39333°N 5.99444°W / 37.39333; -5.99444


title: Gerry Gerard

abstract: Kenneth Carlyle "Gerry" Gerard was an American basketball and soccer coach. He served as the head basketball coach at Duke University from 1943 to 1950, compiling a record of 131–78. Gerard first arrived at Duke to serve as the director of intramural sports in 1931. He helped form the Duke Blue Devils men's soccer program in 1935, coaching the team for 11 seasons. A native of Mishawaka, Indiana, Gerard attended the University of Illinois, where played basketball and football as an end and quarterback. He also threw the javelin on Illinois track team. He graduated from Illinois in June 1928 with a Bachelor of Science degree and began his career that fall as a teacher and head football coach at the high school in Athens, Pennsylvania. Gerard joined the Duke basketball coaching staff in 1941, acting as an assistant coach under Eddie Cameron for two seasons, prior to being named head coach in 1943. He coached Duke for eight seasons (1943–1950), winning the Southern Conference tournament and Coach of the Year honors in 1944 and 1946. Gerard's health began to decline in 1949 and he took a leave of absence in November 1950. He died on January 17, 1951, at Duke University Hospital, in Durham, North Carolina after a serious injury lasting several months.

text:
# Gerry Gerard

**Kenneth Carlyle "Gerry" Gerard** (July 14, 1903 – January 17, 1951) was an American basketball and soccer coach. He served as the head basketball coach at Duke University from 1943 to 1950, compiling a record of 131–78. Gerard first arrived at Duke to serve as the director of intramural sports in 1931. He helped form the Duke Blue Devils men's soccer program in 1935, coaching the team for 11 seasons.

A native of Mishawaka, Indiana, Gerard attended the University of Illinois, where played basketball and football as an end and quarterback. He also threw the javelin on Illinois track team. He graduated from Illinois in June 1928 with a Bachelor of Science degree and began his career that fall as a teacher and head football coach at the high school in Athens, Pennsylvania.

Gerard joined the Duke basketball coaching staff in 1941, acting as an assistant coach under Eddie Cameron for two seasons, prior to being named head coach in 1943. He coached Duke for eight seasons (1943–1950), winning the Southern Conference tournament and Coach of the Year honors in 1944 and 1946.

Gerard's health began to decline in 1949 and he took a leave of absence in November 1950. He died on January 17, 1951, at Duke University Hospital, in Durham, North Carolina after a serious injury lasting several months.

## Head coaching record

### Basketball

Statistics overview
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Duke Blue Devils**  *(Southern Conference)* (1942–1950) | | | | | | | | |
| 1942–43 | Duke | 20–6 | 12–1 | 1st |  |
| 1943–44 | Duke | 13–13 | 4–2 | T–3rd |  |
| 1944–45 | Duke | 13–9 | 6–1 | 3rd |  |
| 1945–46 | Duke | 21–6 | 12–2 | 2nd |  |
| 1946–47 | Duke | 19–8 | 10–4 | 3rd |  |
| 1947–48 | Duke | 17–12 | 8–6 | 7th |  |
| 1948–49 | Duke | 13–9 | 5–7 | 10th |  |
| 1949–50 | Duke | 15–15 | 9–7 | 8th |  |
| **Duke:** | | 131–78 | 66–30 |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 131–78 |  | | | | | | |
| National champion         Postseason invitational champion
Conference regular season champion          Conference regular season and conference tournament champion
Division regular season champion       Division regular season and conference tournament champion
Conference tournament champion | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Gerry Gerard
| Biographical details | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1903-07-14)July 14, 1903
Indiana, U.S. |
| Died | January 17, 1951(1951-01-17) (aged 47)
Durham, North Carolina, U.S. |
| Playing career | |
| Football | |
| c.1925 | Illinois |
| Basketball | |
| c. 1925 | Illinois |
| Track and field | |
| c. 1925 | Illinois |
|  | |
| Position(s) | End, quarterback (football)
Javelin (track and field) |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| Football | |
| 1928 | Athen HS (PA) |
| Basketball | |
| 1941–1943 | Duke (assistant) |
| 1943–1950 | Duke |
| Soccer | |
| 1935–1948 | Duke |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 131–78 (basketball)
41–27–10 (soccer) |
| Accomplishments and honors | |
| Championships | |
| Basketball
1 SoCon regular season (1943)
2 SoCon tournament (1944, 1946) | |
| Awards | |
| Basketball
SoCon Coach of the Year (1944, 1946) | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: EuroHockey Club Champions Cup

abstract: The EuroHockey Club Champions Cup is a defunct men's field hockey competition for clubs in Europe. It was first played for in 1974. It was replaced by the Euro Hockey League in 2007. Unofficial tournaments were played in 1969 and then in 1970, in 1971, in 1972 and in 1973).

text:
# EuroHockey Club Champions Cup

The **EuroHockey Club Champions Cup** is a defunct men's field hockey competition for clubs in Europe. It was first played for in 1974. It was replaced by the Euro Hockey League in 2007. Unofficial tournaments were played in 1969 and then in 1970, in 1971, in 1972 and in 1973).

## Summaries

| Year | Host |  | Final | | |  | Third place match | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Winner | Score | Runner-up | | Third place | Score | Fourth place |
| **1974** | Utrecht, Netherlands | | **
1880 Frankfurt** | **1–0** |
Kampong | |
Rot-Weiss Köln | **2–1**
after extra time |
Royal Léopold |
| **1975** | Frankfurt, West Germany | | **
1880 Frankfurt** | **1–0** |
Royal Léopold | |
Southgate | **1–0** |
Kampong |
| **1976** | Amsterdam, Netherlands | | **
Southgate** | **3–2** |
Uccle | |
Rüsselsheim | **4–2** |
Slavia Praha |
| **1977** | London, England | | **
Southgate** | **4–1** |
Uccle | |
CD Terrassa | **3–2** |
Schwarz-Weiß Köln |
| **1978** | Barcelona, Spain | | **
Southgate** | **5–2** |
Rüsselsheim | |
Klein Zwitserland | **5–2**
after extra time |
Real Club de Polo |
| **1979** | The Hague, Netherlands | | **
Klein Zwitserland** | **2–1** |
Real Club de Polo | |
Rüsselsheim | **5–1** |
Edinburgh |
| **1980** | Barcelona, Spain | | **
Slough** | **1–0** |
Klein Zwitserland | |
Real Club de Polo | **1–0** |
Frankenthal |
| **1981** | Brussels, Belgium | | **
Klein Zwitserland** | **4–0** |
SKA Sverdlovsk | |
Real Club de Polo | **5–2** |
Slough |
| **1982** | Versailles, France | | **
Dynamo Alma-Ata** | **4–3** |
Klein Zwitserland | |
Real Club de Polo | **3–1** |
Slough |
| **1983** | The Hague, Netherlands | | **
Dynamo Alma-Ata** | **4–2** |
Klein Zwitserland | |
Southgate | **3–1** |
Real Club de Polo |
| **1984** | Terrassa, Spain | | **
Frankenthal** | **3–2** |
Uccle | |
Atlètic Terrassa | **4–3** |
Klein Zwitserland |
| **1985** | Frankenthal, West Germany | | **
Atlètic Terrassa** | **3–0** |
Klein Zwitserland | |
Dynamo Alma-Ata | **9–4** |
Frankenthal |
| **1986** | Utrecht, Netherlands | | **
Kampong** | **2–1** |
Uhlenhorst Mülheim | |
Atlètic Terrassa | **3–1** |
Dynamo Alma-Ata |
| **1987** | Terrassa, Spain | | **
Bloemendaal** | **2–2**
**4–1**
penalty strokes |
Atlètic Terrassa | |
Uhlenhorst Mülheim | **3–3**
**4–1**
penalty strokes |
Kampong |
| **1988** | Bloemendaal, Netherlands | | **
Uhlenhorst Mülheim** | **3–3**
**4–3**
penalty strokes |
Bloemendaal | |
Atlètic Terrasa | **4–1** |
Dynamo Alma-Ata |
| **1989** | Mülheim, West Germany | | **
Uhlenhorst Mülheim** | **2–0** |
Atlètic Terrassa | |
Bloemendaal | **3–0** |
Southgate |
| **1990** | Frankfurt, West Germany | | **
Uhlenhorst Mülheim** | **2–0** |
Atlètic Terrassa | |
Bloemendaal | **4–2** |
1880 Frankfurt |
| **1991** | Wassenaar, Netherlands | | **
Uhlenhorst Mülheim** | **4–2** |
Atlètic Terrassa | |
HGC | **7–1** |
Hounslow |
| **1992** | Amsterdam, Netherlands | | **
Uhlenhorst Mülheim** | **7–2** |
Atlètic Terrassa | |
Bloemendaal | **2–1** |
Racing Club de France |
| **1993** | Brussels, Belgium | | **
Uhlenhorst Mülheim** | **1–0** |
Club Egara | |
Royal Léopold | **0–0**
**4–3**
penalty strokes |
Racing Club de France |
| **1994** | Bloemendaal, Netherlands | | **
Uhlenhorst Mülheim** | **2–0** |
Bloemendaal | |
Dürkheim | **2–1** |
Hounslow |
| **1995** | Mülheim, Germany | | **
Uhlenhorst Mülheim** | **1–0** |
Amsterdam | |
Atlètic Terrassa | **4–1** |
Cernusco |
| **1996** | Mülheim, Germany | | **
Uhlenhorst Mülheim** | **3–0** |
Amsterdam | |
Atlètic Terrassa | **3–1** |
Grunwald Poznań |
| **1997** | Amsterdam, Netherlands | | **
HGC** | **4–3** |
Harvestehude | |
Club Egara | **6–1** |
Minsk |
| **1998** | Terrassa, Spain | | **
Atlètic Terrassa** | **2–1** |
Amsterdam | |
Uhlenhorst Mülheim | **4–0** |
Lille |
| **1999** | Terrassa, Spain | | **
Den Bosch** | **2–1** |
Club Egara | |
Harvestehude | **7–2** |
Grunwald Poznań |
| **2000** | Cannock, England | | **
Club an der Alster** | **1–1**
**5–3**
penalty strokes |
Bloemendaal | |
Club Egara | **3–0** |
Cannock |
| **2001** | Bloemendaal, Netherlands | | **
Bloemendaal** | **3–1** |
Harvestehude | |
Club Egara | **6–0** |
Cannock |
| **2002** | Brasschaat, Belgium | | **
Club an der Alster** | **2–2**
**5–2**
penalty strokes |
Den Bosch | |
Club Egara | **3–2** |
Surbiton |
| **2003** | Brussels, Belgium | | **
Reading** | **1–1**
**4–2**
penalty strokes |
Real Club de Polo | |
Bloemendaal | **5–2** |
Grunwald Poznań |
| **2004** | Barcelona, Spain | | **
Real Club de Polo** | **1–0** |
Club an der Alster | |
Amsterdam | **1–1**
**4–3**
penalty strokes |
Reading |
| **2005** | Amsterdam, Netherlands | | **
Amsterdam** | **1–0** |
Reading | |
Atlètic Terrassa | **6–2** |
Club an der Alster |
| **2006** | Cannock, England | | **
Stuttgarter Kickers** | **3–1** |
Atlètic Terrassa | |
Oranje Zwart | **5–2** |
Pocztowiec Poznań |
| **2007** | Bloemendaal, Netherlands | | **
Crefeld** | **1–0** |
Atlètic Terrassa | |
Bloemendaal | **6–2** |
Reading |

## Medal tables

Medal table by club
| Rank | Club | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Uhlenhorst Mülheim | 9 | 1 | 2 | 12 |
| 2 | Southgate | 3 | 0 | 2 | 5 |
| 3 | Atlètic Terrassa | 2 | 7 | 6 | 15 |
| 4 | Klein Zwitserland | 2 | 4 | 1 | 7 |
| 5 | Bloemendaal | 2 | 3 | 5 | 10 |
| 6 | Club an der Alster | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| 7 | Dynamo Alma-Ata | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| 8 | 1880 Frankfurt | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 9 | Amsterdam | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
| 10 | Real Club de Polo | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
| 11 | Den Bosch | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| | Kampong | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| | Reading | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 14 | HGC | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 15 | Crefeld | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | Frankenthal | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | Slough | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | Stuttgarter Kickers | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 19 | Uccle | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 20 | Club Egara | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 21 | Harvestehude | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 22 | Rüsselsheim | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 23 | Royal Léopold | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 24 | SKA Sverdlovsk | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 25 | CD Terrassa | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Dürkheim | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Oranje Zwart | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Rot-Weiss Köln | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (28 entries) | | 34 | 34 | 34 | 102 |

Medal table by nation
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Germany (GER) | 16 | 5 | 7 | 28 |
| 2 | Netherlands (NED) | 8 | 12 | 9 | 29 |
| 3 | England (ENG) | 5 | 1 | 2 | 8 |
| 4 | Spain (ESP) | 3 | 11 | 14 | 28 |
| 5 | Soviet Union (URS) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 6 | Belgium (BEL) | 0 | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| Totals (6 entries) | | 34 | 34 | 34 | 102 |

## InfoBox

EuroHockey Club Champions Cup
| Sport | Field hockey |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1969 |
| First season | 1974 |
| Ceased | 2007 |
| Replaced by | Euro Hockey League |
| Confederation | EHF (Europe) |
| Last
champion(s) | Crefeld (1st title)
(2007) |
| Most titles | Uhlenhorst Mülheim (9 titles) |


title: Scott Henshall

abstract: Scott Henshall is a British fashion designer, philanthropist, TV personality and occasional fashion journalist.

text:
# Scott Henshall

**Scott Henshall** is a British fashion designer, philanthropist, TV personality and occasional fashion journalist.

## Career

He debuted in 1998, age 22, then the youngest designer to show at London Fashion Week. His first show was sponsored by Betty's and Wedgwood and featured models with teapots on their heads walking to the sound of smashing teacups.

In 2000, Henshall won the Vidal Sassoon Award for Cutting Edge Talent. He became the youngest creative director ever at British fashion house Mulberry and chose Anna Friel as the face of their campaign.

In 2004 he designed a £5 million diamond-encrusted cobweb dress worn by Samantha Mumba at the 2004 premiere of *Spider-Man 2* which was later declared the "World's Most Expensive Dress".

## *I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!*

In 2006, Henshall appeared in the reality TV show *I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!*. He was voted out of the programme by viewers on 24 November 2006, the second to leave.

Some of Henshall's attempts at the bushtucker trials were not successful. On one trial he was required to dance continually for five songs to earn ten stars, but surrendered after earning only one star.

## Personal life

Henshall was born in York and lived in Sheriff Hutton during his early childhood. He attended school in Richmond at Scorton Grammar School and then the Assumption School. He graduated from University of Northumbria in 1997 with a degree in fashion design and textiles.

Henshall is openly gay.

## Television appearances

I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (British series 6)

Tonight with Trevor MacDonald

The Weakest Link (Winner, Celebrity/Fashion special)

Ready Steady Cook (Winner of Celebrity special)

Loose Women

Paris Hilton's British Best Friend

Britain's Next Top Model (Guest judge)

Make Me a Supermodel (Guest judge)

Project Catwalk (Guest judge)

The Clothes Show

WAGs Boutique

Dancing on Ice Defrosted