abstract: This is a list of electoral results for the Division of Port Adelaide in Australian federal elections from the division's creation in 1949 until its abolition in 2019.

text:
# Electoral results for the Division of Port Adelaide

This is a list of **electoral results for the Division of Port Adelaide** in Australian federal elections from the division's creation in 1949 until its abolition in 2019.

## Members

| Member | | Party | Term |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Albert Thompson | Labor | 1949–1963 |
|  | Fred Birrell | Labor | 1963–1974 |
|  | Mick Young | Labor | 1974–1988 |
|  | Rod Sawford | Labor | 1988–2007 |
|  | Mark Butler | Labor | 2007–2019 |

## Election results

### Elections in the 2010s

#### 2016

2016 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Mark Butler | 46,314 | 48.24 | −2.34 |
|  | Xenophon | Michael Slattery | 17,970 | 18.72 | +18.72 |
|  | Liberal | Emma Flowerdew | 17,884 | 18.63 | −7.69 |
|  | Greens | Matthew Carey | 6,683 | 6.96 | −1.65 |
|  | Family First | Bruce Hambour | 4,483 | 4.67 | −2.85 |
|  | Animal Justice | Janine Clipstone | 2,078 | 2.16 | +2.16 |
|  | Christian Democrats | Jenalie Salt | 597 | 0.62 | +0.62 |
| Total formal votes | | | 96,009 | 94.19 | +0.39 |
| Informal votes | | | 5,927 | 5.81 | −0.39 |
| Turnout | | | 101,936 | 89.93 | −2.24 |
| Notional two-party-preferred count | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Mark Butler | 67,119 | 69.91 | +5.89 |
|  | Liberal | Emma Flowerdew | 28,890 | 30.09 | −5.89 |
| Two-candidate-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Mark Butler | 62,274 | 64.86 | +0.84 |
|  | Xenophon | Michael Slattery | 33,735 | 35.14 | +35.14 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | N/A |  |

#### 2013

2013 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Mark Butler | 46,024 | 50.58 | −3.98 |
|  | Liberal | Nigel McKenna | 23,955 | 26.32 | +3.32 |
|  | Greens | Dusan Popovic | 7,834 | 8.61 | −6.51 |
|  | Family First | Bruce Hambour | 6,843 | 7.52 | +0.29 |
|  | Palmer United | Ngoc Chau Huynh | 5,227 | 5.74 | +5.74 |
|  | Australia First | Terry Cooksley | 1,116 | 1.23 | +1.23 |
| Total formal votes | | | 90,999 | 93.80 | +1.14 |
| Informal votes | | | 6,020 | 6.20 | −1.14 |
| Turnout | | | 97,019 | 92.17 | −1.16 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Mark Butler | 58,261 | 64.02 | −6.89 |
|  | Liberal | Nigel McKenna | 32,738 | 35.98 | +6.89 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | −6.89 |  |

#### 2010

2010 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Mark Butler | 48,638 | 53.82 | -4.42 |
|  | Liberal | Nigel McKenna | 21,615 | 23.92 | -1.29 |
|  | Greens | Kalyna Micenko | 13,659 | 15.11 | +6.35 |
|  | Family First | Bruce Hambour | 6,467 | 7.16 | +1.38 |
| Total formal votes | | | 90,379 | 92.82 | −2.22 |
| Informal votes | | | 6,991 | 7.18 | +2.22 |
| Turnout | | | 97,370 | 93.35 | −1.52 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Mark Butler | 63,295 | 70.03 | +0.28 |
|  | Liberal | Nigel McKenna | 27,084 | 29.97 | -0.28 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +0.28 |  |

### Elections in the 2000s

#### 2007

2007 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Mark Butler | 52,732 | 58.24 | +3.73 |
|  | Liberal | Brenton Chomel | 22,830 | 25.21 | -6.71 |
|  | Greens | Colin Thomas | 7,935 | 8.76 | +3.34 |
|  | Family First | Bruce Hambour | 5,230 | 5.78 | +1.01 |
|  | Democrats | Pam Moore | 1,822 | 2.01 | +0.01 |
| Total formal votes | | | 90,549 | 95.04 | +2.12 |
| Informal votes | | | 4,724 | 4.96 | −2.12 |
| Turnout | | | 95,273 | 95.04 | +0.70 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Mark Butler | 63,158 | 69.75 | +6.84 |
|  | Liberal | Brenton Chomel | 27,391 | 30.25 | -6.84 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +6.84 |  |

#### 2004

2004 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Rod Sawford | 46,692 | 54.51 | +2.47 |
|  | Liberal | Terry Inglis | 27,338 | 31.92 | +5.21 |
|  | Greens | Anne McMenamin | 4,641 | 5.42 | +1.56 |
|  | Family First | Richard Bunting | 4,085 | 4.77 | +4.77 |
|  | Democrats | Trevor Tucker | 1,710 | 2.00 | -7.97 |
|  | One Nation | Stan Batten | 1,191 | 1.39 | -4.17 |
| Total formal votes | | | 85,657 | 92.92 | +0.33 |
| Informal votes | | | 6,522 | 7.08 | −0.33 |
| Turnout | | | 82,179 | 94.34 | −0.73 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Rod Sawford | 53,888 | 62.91 | -3.09 |
|  | Liberal | Terry Inglis | 31,769 | 37.09 | +3.09 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | -3.09 |  |

#### 2001

2001 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Rod Sawford | 38,783 | 50.77 | -2.33 |
|  | Liberal | Josh Krieg | 22,474 | 29.42 | +3.61 |
|  | Democrats | Matilda Bawden | 7,313 | 9.57 | +0.62 |
|  | One Nation | Andrew Phillips | 3,932 | 5.15 | -3.83 |
|  | Greens | Brian Noone | 3,210 | 4.20 | +4.08 |
|  | Communist | Michael Perth | 672 | 0.88 | -0.16 |
| Total formal votes | | | 76,384 | 93.14 | −1.25 |
| Informal votes | | | 5,627 | 6.86 | +1.25 |
| Turnout | | | 82,011 | 95.48 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Rod Sawford | 49,379 | 64.65 | -1.07 |
|  | Liberal | Josh Krieg | 27,005 | 35.35 | +1.07 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | -1.07 |  |

### Elections in the 1990s

#### 1998

1998 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Rod Sawford | 39,449 | 53.10 | +4.68 |
|  | Liberal | Romeo Cavuoto | 19,083 | 25.69 | -11.12 |
|  | One Nation | John Powell | 6,731 | 9.06 | +9.06 |
|  | Democrats | Matilda Bawden | 6,696 | 9.01 | -0.55 |
|  | Independent | Rick Hill | 1,527 | 2.06 | +2.06 |
|  | Communist | Michael Perth | 801 | 1.08 | +1.08 |
| Total formal votes | | | 74,287 | 94.46 | +0.02 |
| Informal votes | | | 4,358 | 5.54 | −0.02 |
| Turnout | | | 78,645 | 95.62 | −0.01 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Rod Sawford | 49,107 | 66.10 | +9.06 |
|  | Liberal | Romeo Cavuoto | 25,180 | 33.90 | -9.06 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +9.06 |  |

#### 1996

1996 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Rod Sawford | 35,939 | 48.43 | -5.04 |
|  | Liberal | Rick Hill | 27,315 | 36.81 | +3.81 |
|  | Democrats | Maddalena Rositano | 7,096 | 9.56 | +2.78 |
|  | Greens | George Apap | 3,387 | 4.56 | +4.56 |
|  | Natural Law | Enid Mohylenko | 475 | 0.64 | -0.44 |
| Total formal votes | | | 74,212 | 94.44 | −0.30 |
| Informal votes | | | 4,372 | 5.56 | +0.30 |
| Turnout | | | 78,584 | 95.63 | +1.27 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Rod Sawford | 42,153 | 57.05 | -5.00 |
|  | Liberal | Rick Hill | 31,736 | 42.95 | +5.00 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | -5.00 |  |

#### 1993

1993 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Rod Sawford | 41,248 | 53.47 | +1.11 |
|  | Liberal | Alan McCarthy | 25,437 | 33.00 | +0.66 |
|  | Democrats | Don Knott | 5,235 | 6.79 | -5.29 |
|  | Independent | Colin Shearing | 2,473 | 3.21 | +3.21 |
|  | Grey Power | Emily Gilbey-Riley | 1,182 | 1.53 | +1.09 |
|  | Natural Law | Andrew Hobbs | 830 | 1.08 | +1.08 |
|  | Independent | Bert Joy | 719 | 0.93 | +0.93 |
| Total formal votes | | | 77,144 | 94.73 | −0.55 |
| Informal votes | | | 4,288 | 5.27 | +0.55 |
| Turnout | | | 81,432 | 94.36 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Rod Sawford | 47,811 | 62.05 | -0.35 |
|  | Liberal | Alan McCarthy | 29,246 | 37.95 | +0.35 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | -0.35 |  |

#### 1990

1990 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Rod Sawford | 36,186 | 53.5 | -7.8 |
|  | Liberal | Howard Trotter | 21,539 | 31.9 | +3.3 |
|  | Democrats | Damien Aidon | 8,003 | 11.8 | +5.7 |
|  | Call to Australia | Peter Thompson | 1,013 | 1.5 | +1.5 |
|  | Democratic Socialist | Paul Petit | 859 | 1.3 | +1.3 |
| Total formal votes | | | 67,600 | 95.4 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 3,275 | 4.6 |  |
| Turnout | | | 70,875 | 96.0 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Rod Sawford | 42,718 | 63.3 | -3.0 |
|  | Liberal | Howard Trotter | 24,780 | 36.7 | +3.0 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | -3.0 |  |

### Elections in the 1980s

1988 Port Adelaide by-election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Rod Sawford | 29,773 | 47.1 | -14.2 |
|  | Liberal | Judy Fuller | 23,818 | 37.7 | +9.1 |
|  | Democrats | Meg Lees | 4,506 | 7.1 | +1.0 |
|  | Independent | Tony Chaplin | 2,385 | 3.8 | +3.8 |
|  | Independent | Ruby Hammond | 1,142 | 1.8 | +1.8 |
|  | Independent | Jocelyn Aver | 743 | 1.2 | +1.2 |
|  | Independent | Michael Brander | 438 | 0.7 | +0.7 |
|  | Independent | Bruce Deering | 412 | 0.7 | +0.7 |
| Total formal votes | | | 63,217 | 95.7 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 2,865 | 4.3 |  |
| Turnout | | | 66,082 | 91.1 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Rod Sawford | 34,885 | 55.2 | -11.1 |
|  | Liberal | Judy Fuller | 28,276 | 44.8 | +11.1 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | -11.1 |  |

#### 1987

1987 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Mick Young | 38,196 | 61.3 | -0.9 |
|  | Liberal | Barry Blundell | 17,780 | 28.6 | +0.0 |
|  | Democrats | Derek Ball | 3,785 | 6.1 | -1.0 |
|  | National | Rod Scarborough | 1,283 | 2.1 | +2.1 |
|  | Independent | John Buik | 509 | 0.8 | +0.8 |
|  | Unite Australia | Bob Manhire | 418 | 0.7 | +0.7 |
|  | Independent | Brian Rooney | 294 | 0.5 | +0.5 |
| Total formal votes | | | 62,265 | 90.8 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 6,311 | 9.2 |  |
| Turnout | | | 68,576 | 93.7 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Mick Young | 41,276 | 66.3 | -1.5 |
|  | Liberal | Barry Blundell | 20,979 | 33.7 | +1.5 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | -1.5 |  |

#### 1984

1984 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Mick Young | 37,440 | 62.2 | -2.0 |
|  | Liberal | Thomas Ireland | 17,208 | 28.6 | +1.9 |
|  | Democrats | Robert Manhire | 4,295 | 7.1 | +3.6 |
|  | Socialist Workers | Deborah Gordon | 1,294 | 2.1 | -2.2 |
| Total formal votes | | | 60,237 | 89.3 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 7,201 | 10.7 |  |
| Turnout | | | 67,438 | 94.8 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Mick Young | 40,855 | 67.8 | -2.6 |
|  | Liberal | Thomas Ireland | 19,375 | 32.2 | +2.6 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | -2.6 |  |

#### 1983

1983 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Mick Young | 48,865 | 68.0 | +5.0 |
|  | Liberal | Robin Rickards | 16,567 | 23.0 | -5.3 |
|  | Socialist Workers | Robert Fisher | 3,093 | 4.3 | +4.3 |
|  | Democrats | Benjamin Michael | 2,484 | 3.5 | -3.5 |
|  | Communist | Donald Sutherland | 888 | 1.2 | -0.6 |
| Total formal votes | | | 71,897 | 95.9 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 3,086 | 4.1 |  |
| Turnout | | | 74,983 | 94.5 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Mick Young |  | 74.2 | +5.4 |
|  | Liberal | Robin Rickards |  | 25.8 | -5.4 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +5.4 |  |

#### 1980

1980 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Mick Young | 43,746 | 63.0 | +3.0 |
|  | Liberal | Shirley de Garis | 19,580 | 28.2 | -2.2 |
|  | Democrats | Robert Manhire | 4,846 | 7.0 | -0.3 |
|  | Communist | Elliott Johnston | 1,261 | 1.8 | -0.5 |
| Total formal votes | | | 69,433 | 96.1 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 2,837 | 3.9 |  |
| Turnout | | | 72,270 | 94.9 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Mick Young |  | 68.8 | +3.1 |
|  | Liberal | Shirley de Garis |  | 31.2 | -3.1 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +3.1 |  |

### Elections in the 1970s

#### 1977

1977 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Mick Young | 40,497 | 60.0 | -0.1 |
|  | Liberal | Jean Lawrie | 20,506 | 30.4 | -4.7 |
|  | Democrats | David Wade | 4,906 | 7.3 | +7.3 |
|  | Communist | Donald Sutherland | 1,575 | 2.3 | +2.3 |
| Total formal votes | | | 67,484 | 94.5 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 3,914 | 5.5 |  |
| Turnout | | | 71,398 | 94.7 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Mick Young |  | 65.7 | +4.4 |
|  | Liberal | Jean Lawrie |  | 34.3 | -4.4 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +4.4 |  |

#### 1975

1975 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Mick Young | 34,701 | 60.1 | -5.2 |
|  | Liberal | Terence Hanson | 20,285 | 35.1 | +11.1 |
|  | Liberal Movement | Jean Lawrie | 2,734 | 4.7 | -1.9 |
| Total formal votes | | | 57,720 | 96.5 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 2,092 | 3.5 |  |
| Turnout | | | 59,812 | 96.5 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Mick Young |  | 61.3 | -9.6 |
|  | Liberal | Terence Hanson |  | 38.7 | +9.6 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | -9.6 |  |

#### 1974

1974 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Mick Young | 36,678 | 65.3 | -4.4 |
|  | Liberal | Clarence Hinson | 13,464 | 24.0 | -0.3 |
|  | Liberal Movement | Jean Lawrie | 3,701 | 6.6 | +6.6 |
|  | Independent | James Mitchell | 1,423 | 2.5 | +0.5 |
|  | Australia | Alan Jamieson | 904 | 1.6 | +1.6 |
| Total formal votes | | | 56,170 | 95.8 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 2,463 | 4.2 |  |
| Turnout | | | 58,633 | 96.4 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Mick Young |  | 70.9 | -0.6 |
|  | Liberal | Clarence Hinson |  | 29.1 | +0.6 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | -0.6 |  |

#### 1972

1972 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Fred Birrell | 35,572 | 69.7 | -0.8 |
|  | Liberal | Ian Fotheringham | 12,398 | 24.3 | +2.0 |
|  | Democratic Labor | Leon Dalle-Nogare | 2,085 | 4.1 | +4.1 |
|  | Independent | James Mitchell | 996 | 2.0 | +2.0 |
| Total formal votes | | | 51,051 | 96.0 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 2,105 | 4.0 |  |
| Turnout | | | 53,156 | 96.1 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Fred Birrell |  | 71.5 | -2.0 |
|  | Liberal | Ian Fotheringham |  | 28.5 | +2.0 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | -2.0 |  |

### Elections in the 1960s

#### 1969

1969 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Fred Birrell | 35,147 | 70.5 | +13.1 |
|  | Liberal | Reginald Appelkamp | 12,409 | 24.9 | -6.3 |
|  | Social Credit | Denis McEvoy | 1,399 | 2.8 | -1.6 |
|  | Communist | Jim Moss | 887 | 1.8 | -0.4 |
| Total formal votes | | | 49,842 | 94.8 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 2,734 | 5.2 |  |
| Turnout | | | 52,576 | 95.7 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Fred Birrell |  | 73.5 | +11.0 |
|  | Liberal | Reginald Appelkamp |  | 26.5 | -11.0 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +11.0 |  |

#### 1966

1966 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Fred Birrell | 23,766 | 57.4 | -18.8 |
|  | Liberal | Peter Balnaves | 12,911 | 31.2 | +31.2 |
|  | Democratic Labor | Michael Bowler | 1,973 | 4.8 | -15.4 |
|  | Social Credit | Denis McEvoy | 1,803 | 4.4 | +4.4 |
|  | Communist | Jim Moss | 918 | 2.2 | -1.4 |
| Total formal votes | | | 41,371 | 94.4 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 2,468 | 5.6 |  |
| Turnout | | | 43,839 | 96.2 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Fred Birrell |  | 62.5 | -16.9 |
|  | Liberal | Peter Balnaves |  | 37.5 | +37.5 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | -16.9 |  |

#### 1963

1963 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Fred Birrell | 30,994 | 76.2 | +4.4 |
|  | Democratic Labor | George Basisovs | 8,219 | 20.2 | +12.3 |
|  | Communist | Jim Moss | 1,463 | 3.6 | +1.4 |
| Total formal votes | | | 40,676 | 94.8 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 2,230 | 5.2 |  |
| Turnout | | | 42,906 | 96.4 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Fred Birrell |  | 79.4 | +4.2 |
|  | Democratic Labor | George Basisovs |  | 20.6 | +20.6 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +4.2 |  |

#### 1961

1961 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Albert Thompson | 30,046 | 71.8 | +3.1 |
|  | Liberal | Kimball Kelly | 7,556 | 18.1 | -5.6 |
|  | Democratic Labor | George Basisovs | 3,290 | 7.9 | +2.2 |
|  | Communist | Peter Symon | 938 | 2.2 | +0.3 |
| Total formal votes | | | 41,830 | 95.6 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 1,929 | 4.4 |  |
| Turnout | | | 43,759 | 96.2 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Albert Thompson |  | 75.2 | +3.7 |
|  | Liberal | Kimball Kelly |  | 24.8 | -3.7 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +3.7 |  |

### Elections in the 1950s

#### 1958

1958 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Albert Thompson | 28,627 | 68.7 | -16.0 |
|  | Liberal | David Garvie | 9,875 | 23.7 | +23.7 |
|  | Democratic Labor | Gerald Shinnick | 2,386 | 5.7 | +5.7 |
|  | Communist | Peter Symon | 795 | 1.9 | -13.4 |
| Total formal votes | | | 41,683 | 96.1 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 1,683 | 3.9 |  |
| Turnout | | | 43,366 | 96.7 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Albert Thompson |  | 71.5 | -13.2 |
|  | Liberal | David Garvie |  | 28.5 | +28.5 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | -13.2 |  |

#### 1955

1955 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Albert Thompson | 32,813 | 84.7 | -9.3 |
|  | Communist | Peter Symon | 5,918 | 15.3 | +9.3 |
| Total formal votes | | | 38,731 | 93.0 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 2,906 | 7.0 |  |
| Turnout | | | 41,637 | 96.1 |  |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | -9.3 |  |

#### 1954

1954 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Albert Thompson | 47,355 | 94.0 | +22.7 |
|  | Communist | Alan Finger | 3,045 | 6.0 | +3.3 |
| Total formal votes | | | 50,400 | 92.5 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 4,083 | 7.5 |  |
| Turnout | | | 54,483 | 96.2 |  |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +20.2 |  |

#### 1951

1951 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Albert Thompson | 33,979 | 71.3 | -0.2 |
|  | Liberal | John Caskey | 12,342 | 25.9 | -0.6 |
|  | Communist | Alan Finger | 1,304 | 2.7 | +0.7 |
| Total formal votes | | | 47,625 | 97.7 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 1,129 | 2.3 |  |
| Turnout | | | 48,754 | 96.6 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Albert Thompson |  | 73.8 | +0.5 |
|  | Liberal | John Caskey |  | 26.2 | -0.5 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +0.5 |  |

### Elections in the 1940s

#### 1949

1949 Australian federal election: Port Adelaide
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Albert Thompson | 31,977 | 71.5 | +0.0 |
|  | Liberal | Frederick Boscombe | 11,879 | 26.5 | +8.1 |
|  | Communist | Peter Symon | 889 | 2.0 | -8.1 |
| Total formal votes | | | 44,745 | 97.9 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 950 | 2.1 |  |
| Turnout | | | 45,695 | 96.2 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Albert Thompson |  | 73.3 | -7.3 |
|  | Liberal | Frederick Boscombe |  | 26.7 | +7.3 |
|  | Labor **notional hold** | | **Swing** | -7.3 |  |


title: Chengziya

abstract: Chengziya, also spelled Chengziyai, is a Chinese archaeological site and the location of the first discovery of the neolithic Longshan culture in 1928. The discovery of the Longshan culture at Chengziya was a significant step towards understanding the origins of Chinese civilization. Chengziya remains the largest prehistorical settlement found to date. The site is located in Shandong province, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the east of the provincial capital Jinan. It is protected and made accessible by the Chengziya Ruins Museum.

text:
# Chengziya

36°44′8.88″N 117°21′14.94″E / 36.7358000°N 117.3541500°E / 36.7358000; 117.3541500

**Chengziya**, also spelled **Chengziyai**, is a Chinese archaeological site and the location of the first discovery of the neolithic Longshan culture in 1928. The discovery of the Longshan culture at Chengziya was a significant step towards understanding the origins of Chinese civilization. Chengziya remains the largest prehistorical settlement found to date. The site is located in Shandong province, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the east of the provincial capital Jinan. It is protected and made accessible by the Chengziya Ruins Museum (Chinese: 城子崖遗址博物馆; pinyin: *Chéngzǐyá Yízhǐ Bówùguǎn*).

## Location

Chengziya is located about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) west of Longshan Town (Chinese: ; pinyin: *Lóngshān Zhèn*) under the administration of Zhangqiu City and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of the provincial capital of Jinan. The site is located immediately to the north of provincial road S102 and less than 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) to the south of the Dragon Lake. Other landmarks in the area are Dongping Mausoleum (less than 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to the east) and the ruins of the old city wall.

## Neolithic settlement

The ancient settlement of Chengziya was constructed around 2600 BC and was located on a tableland near the old Guanlu and Wuyuan rivers. The name Chengziya, literally "city cliff" refers to this location and the wall that encloses the settlement. The Wuyan River flows in the north-south direction to the west of the settlement. The Chengziya settlement had rectangular layout (400 by 500 meters, 1300 by 1600 feet) with edges oriented along the north-south and east-west directions. While the western, southern, and eastern walls are straight, the northern wall juts outward following the terrain. The settlement hence covered an area of about 200,000 square meters and was enclosed by a *hangtu* (rammed earth) wall that stood about 7 metres (23 ft) tall, was 10 metres (33 ft) wide at the base and tapered off to a width 5 metres (16 ft) at the top. The technique for erecting the walls from pounded earth was a new innovation at the time. Successive layers ranging between 12 and 14 centimetres (5.5 in) in thickness were each compacted before the next layer was added. On the outside of the walls was a deep moat that was fed by water from a nearby river. As there are no major walls inside the settlement, the layout conforms to the style of a "platform city" (Chinese: ; pinyin: *tái chéng*).

Chenziya is at the center of a cluster of more than 40 sites belonging to the Longshan Culture. These sites come in three size classes: sites covering from a few thousand up to 10,000 square meters are thought to belong to the *ju* (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; lit. 'settlements') referred to in ancient documents. Larger sites up to 50,000 square meters are believed to be *yi* (central towns) and finally Chengziya itself has been identified as a *du* (Chinese: ; pinyin: , capital). Based on thick deposits found at the site (from 34 up to 56 meters deep), the population of the Chengziya has been estimated to be in the tens of thousands.

## Other settlements

After the decline of the Longshan culture, the Chengziya site was occupied by two more walled settlements. One belonging to the Yueshi culture 19001500 BC) and the other dated to the time of the Zhou dynasty (1100256 BC).

## Archaeological study

The site was discovered in 1928 by the archaeologist Wu Jinding (Chinese: ; pinyin: *Wú Jīndǐng*, 19011948) It was the first discovery of relics from the Longshan Culture which was named for the nearby Longshan (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: *Lóng Shān*, literally "Dragon Hill") and the village of the same name. The first excavations on the site were carried out in the years 1930 and 1931. This was the first time that such field research was carried out exclusively by Chinese archaeologists using modern methods. Additional excavations were carried out in 1990 by the Archaeological Institute of Shandong Province on the southern side of the provincial road.

The cultural layer of the site is divided into upper and lower layers. The cultural accumulation is about 3 meters. The upper layer is the cultural remains of several different periods from the Zhou Dynasty to the Han Dynasty; the lower cultural layer is the first discovery of a Neolithic cultural relic with polished black pottery as the main feature, including part of the Yueshi cultural relic. In fact, it is a site containing three different periods of Longshan culture, Yueshi culture and Zhou Dynasty.

Excavations at the site have unearthed the foundations of houses, pottery kilns and wells as well as pottery items (e.g., tripod cauldrons, cups, jars), stone tools, oracle bones, and weapons.

According to the survey and excavation, most of the city walls were dug with foundation grooves, and some parts were rammed on the ditch and silt, and repaired many times. The rammed earth structure of the city wall is divided into two types, one is rammed with stones, and the other is rammed with single sticks. It shows that the city wall is divided into morning and evening, reflecting the development process of ramming technology during the Longshan culture period.

Several wells were found in the excavation area of more than 1,000 square meters, with high repairing and chiseling techniques and extremely regular shapes. One of the wells is oval in shape, with a diameter of about 1.5 meters long, a width of about 1.1 meters, and a depth of more than 7 meters. Such wells have also been found in Longshan cultural sites such as Xiwu Temple in Yanzhou and Fenghuangtai in Qingzhou, indicating that wells were widely used during the Longshan culture period in Shandong.

Characteristic items found at the site include fine black polished pottery, in particular wheel-turned vessels with an angular outline, abundant gray pottery, as well as rectangular polished stone axes. Some of the pottery found features inscriptions.

The objects found inside the Chengziya settlement were in general of higher quality than those of the surrounding areas, which is taken as an indication that Chengziya as a regional capital received tribute from the surrounding smaller settlements.

Chengziya is one of the few neolithic sites at which horse bones have been found. However, the recovered material does not allow it to be determined whether horses had already been domesticated at the time.

## Museum

The Chengziya Ruins Museum is located 100 m to the east of the neolithic settlement. It covers an area of 20,000 square meters of which 4,000 square meters are occupied by the main building. The museum building was designed by Yang Hongxun, an expert on historical buildings. The building is shaped like a mythical bird with the wings containing the exhibition halls and the body conference facilities. The museum was opened in September 1994, the total construction cost was 6 million Chinese Yuan. The museum complex also houses the Jinan Longshan Culture Research Institute. Since its opening, the museum has received more than 500,000 visitors.

## Archaeological significance

The excavation of the Chengziya site revealed a black pottery culture that is different from the red pottery culture, indicating that the black pottery culture represents a cultural system. It ushered in a new era of field archaeology in China, effectively overturned the fallacy of "Western Origin", and brought a major turning point in the discussion of the "Native Origin" of Chinese culture.

The appearance of Longshan culture can be different from the known Yangshao culture, but there is a profound connection between it and the Shang culture represented by Yin Ruins, such as oracle bone inscriptions, so it is a key to exploring the origin of Chinese civilization.

Beginning in the 1990s, the Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology once again excavated the Chengziya site. It is preliminarily determined that the Chengziya settlement is the central settlement of the Zhangqiu settlement group with the Longshan culture and Yueshi culture for more than 1,000 years. This discovery is of great significance for studying the development of ancient Chinese cities and the origin of Chinese civilization.

## Political significance

The remains of the Longshan Culture at Chengziya are cultivated by the government as a source of national pride in the long history of Chinese civilization. The Chengziya site was among the first historical and cultural sites to be placed under government protection in 1961 (State Council resolution number 1-140). Furthermore, it has since been declared a first-tier "patriotism education" site by the municipal and provincial government. Its political importance has been stressed by visits of political leaders.

## InfoBox

| Chengziya | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Roadside marker of the site | |
| Chinese | 城子崖 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Chéngzǐyá  Wade–Giles Ch'eng2-tzu3-ya2 | |
|  | |


title: Thomas Burke Monument

abstract: The Thomas Burke Monument, also known as Judge Thomas Burke, is a 1929 outdoor sculpture commemorating Thomas Burke by Hermon Atkins MacNeil, located in Volunteer Park, in Seattle's Capitol Hill neighborhood, in the U.S. state of Washington. The monument, which is made of granite, marble, and bronze, was dedicated in 1930. It is part of the Seattle Office of Arts & Culture.

text:
# Thomas Burke Monument

The **Thomas Burke Monument**, also known as ***Judge Thomas Burke***, is a 1929 outdoor sculpture commemorating Thomas Burke by Hermon Atkins MacNeil, located in Volunteer Park, in Seattle's Capitol Hill neighborhood, in the U.S. state of Washington. The monument, which is made of granite, marble, and bronze, was dedicated in 1930. It is part of the Seattle Office of Arts & Culture.

## InfoBox

| Thomas Burke Monument | |
| --- | --- |
| The monument c.1935 | |
|  | |
| Artist | Hermon Atkins MacNeil |
| Year | 1929 (1929) |
| Location | Seattle, Washington, U.S. |
| Coordinates | 47°37′45″N 122°18′55″W / 47.629283°N 122.315253°W / 47.629283; -122.315253 |


title: 1939 Wilmot by-election

text:
# 1939 Wilmot by-election

A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Wilmot on 27 May 1939. This was triggered by the death of Prime Minister Joseph Lyons, a member of the United Australia Party.

The by-election was won by Labor candidate Lancelot Spurr.

## Results

1939 Wilmot by-election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | United Australia | Allan Guy | 6,673 | 29.7 | -3.6 |
|  | Labor | Lancelot Spurr | 6,568 | 29.3 | +0.0 |
|  | Labor | Maurice Weston | 3,925 | 17.5 | +17.5 |
|  | United Australia | Donald Cameron | 2,657 | 11.8 | +11.8 |
|  | United Australia | Cecil Parsons | 1,823 | 8.1 | +8.1 |
|  | Independent | John Watson | 799 | 3.6 | +3.6 |
| Total formal votes | | | 22,445 | 96.1 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 915 | 3.9 |  |
| Turnout | | | 23,360 | 92.4 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Lancelot Spurr | 11,257 | 50.2 | +5.3 |
|  | United Australia | Allan Guy | 11,188 | 49.8 | -5.3 |
|  | Labor **gain** from United Australia | | **Swing** | +5.3 |  |

## InfoBox

1939 Wilmot by-election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| First party Second party   Candidate Lancelot Spurr Allan Guy  Party Labor United Australia  First preference vote 6,568 **6,673**  Percentage 29.3% **29.7%**  Swing 3.6pp   TCP **50.1%** 49.8%  TCP swing 5.3pp 5.3pp   ---  Third party Fourth party  **ALP**  **UAP**  Candidate Maurice Weston Donald Cameron  Party Labor United Australia  First preference vote 3,925 2,657  Percentage 17.5% 11.8%  Swing 17.5pp 11.8pp | |
| ---  **MP before election**
Joseph Lyons
United Australia **Elected MP**
Kevin Newman
Labor | |


title: Rybno, Konin County

abstract: Rybno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wierzbinek, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Wierzbinek, 25 km (16 mi) north-east of Konin, and 106 km (66 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.

text:
# Rybno, Konin County

**Rybno** \[ˈrɨbnɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wierzbinek, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Wierzbinek, 25 km (16 mi) north-east of Konin, and 106 km (66 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.

## InfoBox

| Rybno | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Rybno | |
| Coordinates: 52°23′49″N 18°27′51″E / 52.39694°N 18.46417°E / 52.39694; 18.46417 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Konin |
| Gmina | Wierzbinek |
| Population | 190 |


title: AMOTL2

abstract: Angiomotin-like protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AMOTL2 gene. Angiomotin is a protein that binds angiostatin, a circulating inhibitor of the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). Angiomotin mediates angiostatin inhibition of endothelial cell migration and tube formation in vitro. The protein encoded by this gene is related to angiomotin and is a member of the motins protein family.

text:
# AMOTL2

**Angiomotin-like protein 2** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *AMOTL2* gene.

Angiomotin is a protein that binds angiostatin, a circulating inhibitor of the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). Angiomotin mediates angiostatin inhibition of endothelial cell migration and tube formation in vitro. The protein encoded by this gene is related to angiomotin and is a member of the motins protein family.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| AMOTL2 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | AMOTL2, LCCP, angiomotin like 2 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 614658; MGI: 1929286; HomoloGene: 9420; GeneCards: AMOTL2; OMA:AMOTL2 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001278683
NM\_001278685
NM\_016201
NM\_001363943   NM\_019764   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001265612
NP\_001265614
NP\_057285
NP\_001350872   NP\_062738   Location (UCSC) Chr 3: 134.36 – 134.38 Mb Chr 9: 102.59 – 102.61 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Cireșata mine

abstract: The Cireșata mine is a large open pit mine in the west of Romania in Hunedoara County, 30 km (19 mi) north of Deva and 400 km (250 mi) northwest of the capital, Bucharest. Cireșata represents a large gold and copper deposit with estimated reserves of 4.18 million oz of gold and 174.4 million tonnes of copper ore grading 0.15% copper. The project is owned by the Toronto-based company Carpathian Gold. The project will involve the mining and processing of 7.1 million tonnes of ore per annum over an open pit life of 19 years. The open pit is expected to yield approximately 155,000 oz of gold and 10,000 tonnes of copper per year in doré, reflecting an average total process recovery of 68% for gold and approximately 91% for copper.

text:
# Cireșata mine

The **Cireșata mine** is a large open pit mine in the west of Romania in Hunedoara County, 30 km (19 mi) north of Deva and 400 km (250 mi) northwest of the capital, Bucharest. Cireșata represents a large gold and copper deposit with estimated reserves of 4.18 million oz of gold and 174.4 million tonnes of copper ore grading 0.15% copper. The project is owned by the Toronto-based company Carpathian Gold.

The project will involve the mining and processing of 7.1 million tonnes of ore per annum over an open pit life of 19 years. The open pit is expected to yield approximately 155,000 oz of gold and 10,000 tonnes of copper per year in doré, reflecting an average total process recovery of 68% for gold and approximately 91% for copper.

## InfoBox

Cireșata
| Location | |
| --- | --- |
| Cireșata Gold MineLocation in Romania | |
| Location | Crișcior |
| County | Hunedoara County |
| Country | Romania |
| Coordinates | 46°04′N 22°31′E / 46.07°N 22.52°E / 46.07; 22.52 |
| Production | |
| Production | approx 155,000 |
| Financial year | 2009 |
| Owner | |
| Company | Carpathian Gold |
| Website | www.carpathiangold.com |
| Year of acquisition | 2005 |


title: Come Closer (Dee Clark song)

abstract: "Come Closer" is a 1964 song and single by Dee Clark, written by Bob Gaudio of the Four Seasons. The single was one of Clark's career bests, and broke him into Chicago and other soul markets, but failed to impact on white audiences. The female vocal trio Jessica James and the Outlaws covered the song the next year on the B-side of their "Give Her Up Baby". Clark's song lyrics begin "I never met a girl like you..", while Jessica James' lyrics begin "Never met a guy like you." The refrain "Come come come closer, come closer to me" is the same in both versions.

text:
# Come Closer (Dee Clark song)

"**Come Closer**" is a 1964 song and single by Dee Clark, written by Bob Gaudio of the Four Seasons. The single was one of Clark's career bests, and broke him into Chicago and other soul markets, but failed to impact on white audiences. The female vocal trio Jessica James and the Outlaws covered the song the next year on the B-side of their "Give Her Up Baby".

Clark's song lyrics begin "I never met a girl like you..", while Jessica James' lyrics begin "Never met a guy like you." The refrain "Come come come closer, come closer to me" is the same in both versions.

## InfoBox

| "Come Closer" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Dee Clark | |
| B-side | "That's My Girl" |
| Released | May 4, 1964 (1964-05-04) |
| Recorded | 1964 |
| Genre | Soul |
| Length | 2:15 |
| Label | Constellation |
| Songwriter(s) | Bob Gaudio |
| Producer(s) | Bob Gaudio, Frankie Valli |
| Dee Clark singles chronology | |
| "That's My Girl"
(1964) "**Come Closer**"
(1964) "Heartbreak"
(1964) | |


title: St George Church, Gloucester

abstract: St George Church is an Anglican church on Grange Road, Tuffley, Gloucestershire, England. Its worship style comprises common Anglican worship with seasonal variations.

text:
# St George Church, Gloucester

**St George Church** is an Anglican church on Grange Road, Tuffley, Gloucestershire, England. Its worship style comprises common Anglican worship with seasonal variations.

## History

The church was established in 1941, but did not have a hall until 1942, when Whaddon Church Hall, a wooden building, was moved to Grange Road. In 1947, a temporary church was built and, in 1948, it became a conventional district. In 1950, the temporary building was extended and the church was dedicated to Saint George. The vicarage house for the church was built in Grange Road in 1954. The brick church was built in 1956, it was designed to be a church hall and there were also plans for it to be connected to another bigger church via a cloister. However, the bigger church was never built so the new church hall became the main church building, and the old temporary church became the church hall. In 1967, the district became the parish of St George. In 1970 and 1971, the church hall was demolished and several new rooms were added to the north-east including a new hall, meeting rooms, kitchen and toilets. At this point the church was also known as the St George's Centre as it was a much used community resource. In the late 1970s, two houses for the clergy were built to the west of the main building. In 1981, the church was re-orientated and enlarged, most of the west wall was demolished and, in its place, a sanctuary and chapel were built. Internally, partition walls were demolished to form a wide open space inside. The newly built parts of the church were dedicated by the Bishop of Gloucester.

## Vicarage

The vicarage is a modern, four-bedroom detached home located on Grange Road, to the north-east of the church.

## Parish of St George

The population of the parish is approximately 9,600. It includes parts of Podsmead and Lower Tuffley, with the A38 going through the middle of the parish. It is in the twenty-five percent of the most deprived parishes in England and is the tenth most deprived parish in the Diocese of Gloucester.

## InfoBox

| St George Church | |
| --- | --- |
| Front of St George Church in February 2024 | |
| Location | Gloucester |
| Coordinates | 51°50′00″N 2°15′26″W / 51.833245°N 2.257308°W / 51.833245; -2.257308 |
|  | |


title: 1978 in basketball

abstract: The following are the basketball events of the year 1978 throughout the world.

text:
# 1978 in basketball

The following are the **basketball** events of the year **1978** throughout the world.

## National team competitions

### Youth Division

## Professional club seasons

| Country | League | Champion | Runner-up | Result | Playoff format |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | 1977–78 NBA season | **Washington Bullets** | Seattle SuperSonics | 4–3 | Best-of-7 series |

## Player awards (NBA)

### Regular Season MVP

Bill Walton, Portland Trail Blazers

### NBA Finals MVP

Wes Unseld, Washington Wizards

* CSP Limoges were promoted to the first division of the French championship (future Pro A)

## Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

## Births

## Deaths

1. "Hall of Famers". *Basketball Hall of Fame*. Retrieved 12 Oct 2014.
2. "Lambert dies in motel fire". *Chicago Tribune*. June 7, 1978. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
3. "Rites set for Matheny". *Tucson Citizen*. March 25, 1955. p. 38. Retrieved May 27, 2020  via Newspapers.com.


title: Thermal center

abstract: The thermal center is a concept used in applied mechanics and engineering. When a solid body is exposed to a thermal variation, an expansion will occur, changing the dimensions and potentially the shape of the body and the position of its points. Under certain circumstances it may happen that one point belonging to the space associated to the body has no displacement at all: this point is called the thermal center (TC).

text:
# Thermal center

The **thermal center** is a concept used in applied mechanics and engineering. When a solid body is exposed to a thermal variation, an expansion will occur, changing the dimensions and potentially the shape of the body and the position of its points. Under certain circumstances it may happen that one point belonging to the space associated to the body has no displacement at all: this point is called the thermal center (TC).

## Applications

The thermal center position is not affected by a thermal expansion: this property makes the TC a very interesting point in those applications where it is important that thermal variations have no effects on a certain process. Photolitography machines and high precision optical instruments are some examples of application of this concept.

## Definition

The thermal center is defined under the following hypothesis:

* A solid body with homogeneous and isotropic thermal properties;
* Isostatically constrained;
* A thermal variation ΔT is applied to the entire body.

The thermal variation will produce an expansion of the body: this means that for each couple of points P and Q the distance will become:

$d\_{2}(P,Q)=K\cdot d\_{1}(P,Q)$

where $K=1+\alpha \cdot \Delta T$, $\alpha $ is the coefficient of thermal expansion. Analyzing this phenomenon in an absolute coordinate system, the transformation of the solid body is a geometrical similarity. It is possible that, choosing the constrains conveniently, one point belonging to the space associated to the body will not move during the thermal variation: this point is called thermal center. In this case, the geometrical similarity becomes a homothety and the thermal center is the center of the homothety itself.

The thermal center does not always exist. The TC is a function of the constraints. Picture B shows an example where the geometry of the constraints doesn't come to a unique point.

The TC may exist even if the body has non-homogeneous isotropic thermal properties, but when this condition is not verified, it's not possible to determine its position by using the simple geometric method shown above, and the transformation will not be a homothety.

* Soemers, Herman. *Design principles for precision mechanisms*. T-Pointprint. ISBN 9789036531030
* (nl) Koster, M.P. *Constructieprincipes voor het nauwkeurig bewegen en positioneren*. ISBN 978-90-5574-610-1.


title: Eleanor Updale

abstract: Eleanor Updale is an English fiction writer, best known for the Victorian-era London thriller Montmorency (2003) and its sequels, the Montmorency series, which feature the namesake fictional character, Montmorency.

text:
# Eleanor Updale

**Eleanor Updale** (born 1953) is an English fiction writer, best known for the Victorian-era London thriller *Montmorency* (2003) and its sequels, the Montmorency series, which feature the namesake fictional character, Montmorency.

## Personal life and education

Eleanor Updale was born in 1953 and grew up in Camberwell in South London. She studied history at St Anne's College, Oxford in the 1970s. She studied for an M.Res. degree at the Centre for Editing Lives and Letters at Queen Mary College, University of London in 2003. Her research into early members of the Royal Society was awarded a PhD in History by the university in 2007. She is also a trustee of the charity Listening Books.

Updale is married to broadcaster James Naughtie. The couple have three children.

## Career in broadcasting

Updale was a producer of television and radio current affairs programmes for the BBC from 1975 to 1990.

## Novels

The novel, *Montmorency* was her first book, published by Scholastic Corporation in 2003. It was followed by three sequels, with a final, fifth, volume published in 2013.

* Montmorency series, published by Scholastic Corporation in the U.K. and subsequently by its Orchard Books imprint in the U.S.
    + *Montmorency: thief, liar, gentleman?* (2003)
    + *Montmorency on the Rocks: doctor, aristocrat, murderer?* (2004)
    + *Montmorency and the Assassins: master, criminal, spy?* (2005) – "the final installment of the Montmorency trilogy"
    + *Montmorency's Revenge: madman, actor, arsonist?* (2006)
    + *Montmorency's Return* (2013)

She has also written books with other characters.

* *Itch, Scritch, Scratch*, illustrated by Sarah Horne (Barrington Stoke, 2008), OCLC 870424607 – picture book
* *Saved* (Barrington Stoke, 2008)
* *Johnny Swanson* (David Fickling Books, 2010) – "in 1929 England"
* *The Last Minute* (David Fickling, 2013)

## InfoBox

| Eleanor Updale | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1953 (age 7071) |
| Occupation | Writer |
| Nationality | British |
| Alma mater | St Anne's College, Oxford; Queen Mary, University of London |
| Period | 2003–present |
| Genre | Historical, mystery, suspense fiction; children's fiction |
| Notable works | Montmorency series |
| Spouse | James Naughtie |
| Children | 3 |
| Website | |
| eleanorupdale.co.uk | |


title: Cheniella

abstract: Cheniella is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Cercidoideae and tribe Bauhinieae. It includes ten species which range from the eastern Himalayas through Indochina and China to Taiwan, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Java. This genus differs from Phanera in having a hypanthium that is equal in length or longer than the sepals, indehiscent fruit, many-seeded fruit, and the funicle extending most of the circumference of the seed.

text:
# Cheniella

***Cheniella*** is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Cercidoideae and tribe Bauhinieae. It includes ten species which range from the eastern Himalayas through Indochina and China to Taiwan, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Java. This genus differs from *Phanera* in having a hypanthium that is equal in length or longer than the sepals, indehiscent fruit, many-seeded fruit, and the funicle extending most of the circumference of the seed.

## Species

*Cheniella* comprises the following species:

1. *Cheniella clemensiorum* (Merr.) R.Clark & Mackinder
2. *Cheniella corymbosa* (Roxb.) R.Clark & Mackinder
3. *Cheniella damiaoshanensis* (T.C.Chen) R.Clark & Mackinder
4. *Cheniella didyma* (H.Y.Chen) R.Clark & Mackinder
5. *Cheniella glauca* (Wall. ex Benth.) R.Clark & Mackinder
6. *Cheniella lakhonensis* (Gagnep.) R.Clark & Mackinder
7. *Cheniella ovatifolia* (T.C.Chen) R.Clark & Mackinder
8. *Cheniella quinnanensis* (T.C.Chen) R.Clark & Mackinder
    1. subsp. *gandhiana* (Gogoi & Bandyop.) R.Clark & Mackinder
    2. subsp. *quinnanensis* (T.C.Chen) R.Clark & Mackinder
    3. subsp. *villosa* R.Clark & Mackinder
9. *Cheniella tenuiflora* (Watt ex C.B.Clarke) R.Clark & Mackinder
10. *Cheniella touranensis* (Gagnep.) R.Clark & Mackinder

* Media related to Cheniella at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| *Cheniella* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Cheniella corymbosa* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cercidoideae |
| Tribe: | Bauhinieae |
| Genus: | *Cheniella*
R.Clark & Mackinder, 2017 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Cheniella corymbosa*
Roxb. | |
| Species | |
| See text | |
|  | |
| The range of *Cheniella* | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Bauhinia* sect. *Phanera* ser. *Corymbosae* (de Wit) Wunderlin, K. Larsen & S.S. Larsen 1987 * *Bauhinia* ser. *Corymbosae* Zhang & T.C.Chen 1992 * *Phanera* subg. *Phanera* subsect. *Corymbosae* de Wit 1956 | |


title: Rzymek

abstract: Rzymek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Barciany, within Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-west of Barciany, 15 km (9 mi) north-west of Kętrzyn, and 67 km (42 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

text:
# Rzymek

**Rzymek** \[ˈʐɨmɛk\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Barciany, within Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-west of Barciany, 15 km (9 mi) north-west of Kętrzyn, and 67 km (42 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

## InfoBox

| Rzymek | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Rzymek | |
| Coordinates: 54°11′27″N 21°14′41″E / 54.19083°N 21.24472°E / 54.19083; 21.24472 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Kętrzyn |
| Gmina | Barciany |


title: Rzymiec, Skierniewice County

abstract: Rzymiec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skierniewice, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Skierniewice and 49 km (30 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Rzymiec, Skierniewice County

**Rzymiec** \[ˈʐɨmjɛt͡s\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skierniewice, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Skierniewice and 49 km (30 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

## InfoBox

| Rzymiec | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Rzymiec | |
| Coordinates: 51°54′15″N 20°8′45″E / 51.90417°N 20.14583°E / 51.90417; 20.14583 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Skierniewice |
| Gmina | Skierniewice |


title: Brand New Dance

abstract: Brand New Dance is an album which Emmylou Harris released on October 16, 1990. Produced by Richard Bennett and Allan Reynolds, the album mixed a rather eclectic collection of covers, including Bruce Springsteen's "Tougher Than the Rest", and Dave Mallett's "Red, Red Rose". Though it sold reasonably well, it was Harris' first studio album in fifteen years to yield no top forty country singles, and marked the beginning of a commercial decline for the singer, which would ultimately lead her to redirect her music away from mainstream country, a few years later.

text:
# Brand New Dance

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Chicago Tribune* |  |
| *Entertainment Weekly* | A |
| *MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide* |  |
| *Select* |  |

***Brand New Dance*** is an album which Emmylou Harris released on October 16, 1990. Produced by Richard Bennett and Allan Reynolds, the album mixed a rather eclectic collection of covers, including Bruce Springsteen's "Tougher Than the Rest", and Dave Mallett's "Red, Red Rose". Though it sold reasonably well, it was Harris' first studio album in fifteen years to yield no top forty country singles, and marked the beginning of a commercial decline for the singer, which would ultimately lead her to redirect her music away from mainstream country, a few years later.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Wheels of Love" | Marjy Plant | 2:41 |
| 2. | "Tougher Than the Rest" | Bruce Springsteen | 4:59 |
| 3. | "In His World" | Kostas, Leigh Reynolds | 4:14 |
| 4. | "Sweet Dreams Of You" | Paul Kennerley, John David | 3:55 |
| 5. | "Easy for You to Say" | Jack Wesley Routh, Randy Sharp | 3:21 |
| 6. | "Rollin' and Ramblin' (The Death of Hank Williams)" | Robin Williams, Linda Williams, Jerome Clark | 3:27 |
| 7. | "Better Off Without You" | Marshall Chapman, Dennis Walker, Fontaine Brown | 5:15 |
| 8. | "Never Be Anyone Else But You" | Baker Knight | 2:20 |
| 9. | "Brand New Dance" | Paul Kennerley | 3:24 |
| 10. | "Red Red Rose" | David Mallett | 3:56 |

## Personnel

* Richard Bennett – Acoustic & Electric Guitar, Bass, Mandolin, Tambourine, Producer, 6-String Bass
* Mary Black – Harmony Vocals
* Bruce Bouton – Steel Guitar
* Marshall Chapman – Harmony Vocals
* Kathy Chiavola – Harmony Vocals
* Charles Cochran – String Arrangements
* Iris DeMent – Harmony Vocals
* Stuart Duncan – Fiddle, Mandolin
* Connie Ellisor – Strings
* Peter Gorisch – Cello
* Carl Gorodetzky – Strings
* Jim Grosjean – Strings
* Emmylou Harris – Acoustic Guitar, Vocals, Harmony Vocals
* James Hollihan Jr. – Slide Guitar
* Roy M. "Junior" Husky – Bass
* John Jarvis – Piano
* Kieran Kane – Harmony Vocals
* Dolores Keane – Harmony Vocals
* Kostas – Harmony Vocals
* Lee Larrison – Strings
* Chris Leuzinger – Acoustic & Electric Guitar
* Laura LiPuma – Art Direction, Design
* Claire Lynch – Harmony Vocals
* Ted Madsen – Strings
* Kenny Malone – Percussion, Drums
* Robert Mason – Strings
* Mark Miller – Engineer, Mixing
* Dennis Molchan – Strings
* Laura Molyneaux – Strings
* Melba Montgomery – Harmony Vocals
* Peter Nash – Photography
* Nashville String Machine – Strings, Group
* Liam O'Flynn – Whistle (Human), Uilleann pipes
* Jamie O'Hara – Harmony Vocals
* Wayland Patton – Harmony Vocals
* Dave Pomeroy – Bass
* Denny Purcell – Mastering
* Allen Reynolds – Producer
* Pamela Sixfin – Strings
* Milton Sledge – Percussion, Drums
* Jo-El Sonnier – Triangle, French Accordion
* Davy Spillane – Whistle (Human), Uilleann pipes
* Harry Stinson – Drums
* Garry Tallent – Bass
* Mark Tanner – Strings
* Barry Tashian – Harmony Vocals
* Gary VanOsdale – Strings
* Pete Wasner – Piano
* Kristin Wilkinson – Strings
* Bobby Wood – Organ, Piano, Keyboards, Electric Piano
* Glenn Worf – Bass
* Bob Wray – Bass
* Cindy Reynolds Wyatt – Harp

## Chart performance

| Chart (1990) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| U.S. *Billboard* Top Country Albums | 45 |

## Release history

Release history and formats for *Brand New Dance*
| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| North America | October 16, 1990 | * LP * CD * cassette | Reprise Records |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Brand New Dance | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Emmylou Harris | |
| Released | October 16, 1990 |
| Recorded | Nashville, 1990 |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 37:32 |
| Label | Warner Bros. Nashville |
| Producer | Richard Bennett, Allen Reynolds |
| Emmylou Harris chronology | |
| *Bluebird*
(1989) ***Brand New Dance***
(1990) *At the Ryman*
(1992) | |


title: 1945 Chelmsford by-election

abstract: The 1945 Chelmsford by-election was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Chelmsford, Essex on 26 April 1945.

text:
# 1945 Chelmsford by-election

The **1945 Chelmsford by-election** was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Chelmsford, Essex on 26 April 1945.

## Vacancy

The by-election was caused by the death of the sitting Conservative MP, John Macnamara. He was killed on active service in Italy on 22 December 1944. He had been MP here since holding the seat in 1935.

## Election history

Chelmsford had been won by the Conservative Party at every election since 1924, when they re-gained the seat from the Liberals, and was now a safe seat. The result at the last General election was as follows;

1935 general election : Chelmsford Electorate 61,661
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **John Macnamara** | **28,314** | **70.8** |  |
|  | Labour | Fred Hughes | 11,690 | 29.2 |  |
| Majority | | | 16,624 | 41.6 |  |
| Turnout | | | 40,004 | 65.4 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

## Candidates

The local Conservatives selected 35-year-old Flight Lieutenant Brian Cook. Before the war he was a painter, designer and publisher. The Labour party had selected Dr Mary Day to contest a General Election expected to take place in 1939-40. There had been no Liberal selected.

At the outbreak of war, the Conservative, Liberal and Labour parties had agreed an electoral truce which meant that when a by-election occurred, the party that was defending the seat would not be opposed by an official candidate from the other two parties. When the Labour and Liberal parties joined the Coalition government, it was agreed that any by-election candidate defending a government seat would receive a letter of endorsement jointly signed by all the party leaders.

The Common Wealth Party put forward 29-year-old Ernest Millington as candidate. He served with the RAF Bomber Command during the Second World War, where he rose to the rank of wing commander and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross in 1945.

## Campaign

Polling day was set for 26 April 1945. When nominations closed, it was to reveal a two horse race, between the Conservative Cook and Millington for the Common Wealth party.

Cook received a joint letter of endorsement from all the leaders of the parties in the coalition.

Millington advocated a socialist programme based on nationalisation of the land and public ownership.

## Result

Millington gained the seat;

Chelmsford by-election, 1945 Electorate 78,806
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Common Wealth** | **Ernest Millington** | **24,548** | **57.5** | ***New*** |
|  | Conservative | Brian Cook | 18,117 | 42.5 | −28.3 |
| Majority | | | 6,431 | 15.0 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 42,665 | 54.1 | −11.3 |
|  | Common Wealth **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |

## Aftermath

When the 29-year-old Millington took his seat, he was the youngest MP in the House, which had been elected in 1935. The victory signalled the shift in public opinion that led the Labour party to pull out of the wartime coalition government and win a landslide victory in the 5 July 1945 general election. Millington held his seat in the 1945 general election and joined the Labour Party in April 1946. The result at the following General election;

General election 1945: Chelmsford Electorate 79,638
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Common Wealth** | **Ernest Millington** | **27,309** | **46.7** |  |
|  | Conservative | Hubert Ashton | 25,229 | 43.2 |  |
|  | Liberal | Hilda Buckmaster | 5,909 | 10.1 |  |
| Majority | | | 2,080 | 3.5 |  |
| Turnout | | | 58,447 | 73.4 |  |
|  | Common Wealth **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Cook, as Brian Batsford, was elected as Tory MP for Ealing South at a by-election on 12 June 1958.


title: Claudio Ciccolini

abstract: Claudio Ciccolini (1624–1688) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Forlì (1666–1688).

text:
# Claudio Ciccolini

**Claudio Ciccolini** (1624–1688) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Forlì (1666–1688).

## Biography

Claudio Ciccolini was born in Oct 1624 in Macerata, Italy. On 7 Jun 1666, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Urban VIII as Bishop of Forlì. On 13 Jun 1666, he was consecrated bishop by Carlo Bonelli, Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Anastasia. He served as Bishop of Forlì until his death on 29 Apr 1688.

## InfoBox

| Most Reverend
Claudio Ciccolini | |
| --- | --- |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Diocese | Diocese of Forlì |
| In office | 1666–1688 |
| Predecessor | Giacomo Theodoli |
| Successor | Giovanni Rasponi |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | 13 Jun 1666
by Carlo Bonelli |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Oct 1624
Macerata, Italy |
| Died | Forlì, Italy |


abstract: The 1960 Winter Olympics, officially known by the International Olympic Committee as the VIII Olympic Winter Games, were a multi-sport event held in Squaw Valley, California, United States from February 18 through February 28, 1960. A total of 665 athletes representing 30 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) 30 Nations were a part of the winter olympics. ~ Timmy totter participated in 27 events across 8 disciplines during the Games. The Olympic program was adjusted from that of the 1956 Winter Olympics omitting bobsleigh and adding a sport new to Olympic competition, biathlon. Additionally, women's speed skating events were held for the first time in history. The sport of military patrol, similar to biathlon, had previously been a medal sport in 1924 and a demonstration sport in 1928, 1936 and 1948. The removal of bobsleigh was by necessity; organizers felt the lack of possible entrants and the high cost of building the run were sufficient deterrents to leave the bobsled events off the 1960 Olympic program. Both men and women competed at the 1960 Games, with women taking part in alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, figure skating, and speed skating. A total of 131 athletes won medals at the 1960 Games. The Soviet Union was awarded the most medals, with its athletes winning seven gold medals, five silver, and nine bronze, for a total of 21 medals overall. The United States placed second in the overall medal count, with a total of 10 medals, and third in the gold medal count (3), while Germany placed third in the overall medal count, with eight medals in total, and second by golds, with four. Of the 30 NOCs competing in the 1960 Games, 14 won at least one medal, with 10 of these winning at least one gold medal. There was an unofficial bronze medal awarded to Theron Bailie, USA, for the development of the digital clock used for the first time in downhill skiing. The Scandinavian countries attained considerable success in cross-country skiing, with the Swedish, Norwegian and Finnish teams winning 12 of the available 18 medals and the remaining six medals being won by the Soviet Union. Finnish cross-country skier Veikko Hakulinen won the most medals, with three – bronze from the men's 15 kilometres event, silver from the men's 50 kilometres event, and gold from the men's 4 × 10 kilometres relay.

text:
# List of 1960 Winter Olympics medal winners

The 1960 Winter Olympics, officially known by the International Olympic Committee as the *VIII Olympic Winter Games*, were a multi-sport event held in Squaw Valley, California, United States from February 18 through February 28, 1960. A total of 665 athletes representing 30 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) 30 Nations were a part of the winter olympics. ~ Timmy totter participated in 27 events across 8 disciplines during the Games.

The Olympic program was adjusted from that of the 1956 Winter Olympics omitting bobsleigh and adding a sport new to Olympic competition, biathlon. Additionally, women's speed skating events were held for the first time in history. The sport of military patrol, similar to biathlon, had previously been a medal sport in 1924 and a demonstration sport in 1928, 1936 and 1948. The removal of bobsleigh was by necessity; organizers felt the lack of possible entrants (a pre-Olympic poll indicated that only nine countries were planning to participate) and the high cost of building the run were sufficient deterrents to leave the bobsled events off the 1960 Olympic program. Both men and women competed at the 1960 Games, with women taking part in alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, figure skating, and speed skating.

A total of 131 athletes won medals at the 1960 Games. The Soviet Union was awarded the most medals, with its athletes winning seven gold medals, five silver, and nine bronze, for a total of 21 medals overall. The United States placed second in the overall medal count, with a total of 10 medals, and third in the gold medal count (3), while Germany placed third in the overall medal count, with eight medals in total, and second by golds, with four. Of the 30 NOCs competing in the 1960 Games, 14 won at least one medal, with 10 of these winning at least one gold medal. There was an unofficial bronze medal awarded to Theron Bailie, USA, for the development of the digital clock used for the first time in downhill skiing.

The Scandinavian countries attained considerable success in cross-country skiing, with the Swedish, Norwegian and Finnish teams winning 12 of the available 18 medals and the remaining six medals being won by the Soviet Union. Finnish cross-country skier Veikko Hakulinen won the most medals, with three – bronze from the men's 15 kilometres event, silver from the men's 50 kilometres event, and gold from the men's 4 × 10 kilometres relay.

## Alpine skiing

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's downhill
 | Jean Vuarnet
France | Hans-Peter Lanig
United Team of Germany | Guy Périllat
France |
| Men's slalom
 | Ernst Hinterseer
Austria | Hias Leitner
Austria | Charles Bozon
France |
| Men's giant slalom
 | Roger Staub
Switzerland | Josef Stiegler
Austria | Ernst Hinterseer
Austria |
| Women's downhill
 | Heidi Biebl
United Team of Germany | Penelope Pitou
United States | Traudl Hecher
Austria |
| Women's slalom
 | Anne Heggtveit
Canada | Betsy Snite
United States | Barbara Henneberger
United Team of Germany |
| Women's giant slalom
 | Yvonne Rüegg
Switzerland | Penelope Pitou
United States | Giuliana Minuzzo
Italy |

## Biathlon

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's 20 km
 | Klas Lestander
Sweden | Antti Tyrväinen
Finland | Aleksandr Privalov
Soviet Union |

## Cross-country skiing

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's 15 km
 | Håkon Brusveen
Norway | Sixten Jernberg
Sweden | Veikko Hakulinen
Finland |
| Men's 30 km
 | Sixten Jernberg
Sweden | Rolf Rämgård
Sweden | Nikolay Anikin
Soviet Union |
| Men's 50 km
 | Kalevi Hämäläinen
Finland | Veikko Hakulinen
Finland | Rolf Rämgård
Sweden |
| Men's 4 × 10 km relay
 | Finland (FIN)
Toimi Alatalo
Eero Mäntyranta
Väinö Huhtala
Veikko Hakulinen | Norway (NOR)
Harald Grønningen
Hallgeir Brenden
Einar Østby
Håkon Brusveen | Soviet Union (URS)
Anatoly Shelyukhin
Gennady Vaganov
Aleksey Kuznetsov
Nikolay Anikin |
| Women's 10 km
 | Maria Gusakova
Soviet Union | Lyubov Kozyreva
Soviet Union | Radya Yeroshina
Soviet Union |
| Women's 3 × 5 km relay
 | Sweden (SWE)
Irma Johansson
Britt Strandberg
Sonja Edström | Soviet Union (URS)
Radya Yeroshina
Maria Gusakova
Lyubov Kozyreva | Finland (FIN)
Siiri Rantanen
Eeva Ruoppa
Toini Pöysti |

## Figure skating

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's singles
 | David Jenkins
United States | Karol Divín
Czechoslovakia | Donald Jackson
Canada |
| Ladies' singles
 | Carol Heiss
United States | Sjoukje Dijkstra
Netherlands | Barbara Roles
United States |
| Pairs
 | Canada (CAN)
Barbara Wagner
Robert Paul | United Team of Germany (EUA)
Marika Kilius
Hans-Jürgen Bäumler | United States (USA)
Nancy Ludington
Ronald Ludington |

## Ice hockey

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's team
 | United States (USA)  ---  Bill Christian
Roger Christian
Bill Cleary
Bob Cleary
Eugene Grazia
Paul Johnson
Jack Kirrane
John Mayasich
Jack McCartan
Robert McVey
Richard Meredith
Weldon Olson
Edwyn Owen
Rodney Paavola
Lawrence Palmer
Richard Rodenheiser
Tommy Williams | Canada (CAN)  ---  Bob Attersley
Maurice Benoît
James Connelly
Jack Douglas
Fred Etcher
Robert Forhan
Don Head
Harold Hurley
Ken Laufman
Floyd Martin
Robert McKnight
Cliff Pennington
Donald Rope
Bobby Rousseau
George Samolenko
Harry Sinden
Darryl Sly | Soviet Union (URS)  ---  Veniamin Alexandrov
Aleksandr Almetov
Yury Baulin
Mikhail Bychkov
Vladimir Grebennikov
Yevgeny Groshev
Nikolay Karpov
Alfred Kuchevsky
Konstantin Loktev
Stanislav Petukhov
Viktor Pryazhnikov
Nikolai Puchkov
Genrikh Sidorenkov
Nikolai Sologubov
Yury Tsitsinov
Viktor Yakushev
Yevgeni Yorkin |

## Nordic combined

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's individual
 | Georg Thoma
United Team of Germany | Tormod Knutsen
Norway | Nikolay Gusakov
Soviet Union |

## Ski jumping

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's individual
 | Helmut Recknagel
United Team of Germany | Niilo Halonen
Finland | Otto Leodolter
Austria |

## Speed skating

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's 500 metres
 | Yevgeny Grishin
Soviet Union | Bill Disney
United States | Rafayel Grach
Soviet Union |
| Men's 1,500 metres
 | Roald Aas
Norway  ---  Yevgeny Grishin
Soviet Union | *None awarded*\[a\] | Boris Stenin
Soviet Union |
| Men's 5,000 metres
 | Viktor Kosichkin
Soviet Union | Knut Johannesen
Norway | Jan Pesman
Netherlands |
| Men's 10,000 metres
 | Knut Johannesen
Norway | Viktor Kosichkin
Soviet Union | Kjell Bäckman
Sweden |
| Women's 500 metres
 | Helga Haase
United Team of Germany | Natalya Donchenko
Soviet Union | Jeanne Ashworth
United States |
| Women's 1,000 metres
 | Klara Guseva
Soviet Union | Helga Haase
United Team of Germany | Tamara Rylova
Soviet Union |
| Women's 1,500 metres
 | Lidiya Skoblikova
Soviet Union | Elwira Seroczyńska
Poland | Helena Pilejczyk
Poland |
| Women's 3,000 metres
 | Lidiya Skoblikova
Soviet Union | Valentina Stenina
Soviet Union | Eevi Huttunen
Finland |

## Multiple medalists

Athletes who won multiple medals during the 1960 Winter Olympics are listed below.

| Athlete | Nation | Sport | **Gold** | **Silver** | **Bronze** | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Veikko Hakulinen | Finland (FIN) | Cross-country skiing | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Lidiya Skoblikova | Soviet Union (URS) | Speed skating | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Yevgeny Grishin | Soviet Union (URS) | Speed skating | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Maria Gusakova | Soviet Union (URS) | Cross-country skiing | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Helga Haase | United Team of Germany (EUA) | Speed skating | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Håkon Brusveen | Norway (NOR) | Cross-country skiing | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Sixten Jernberg | Sweden (SWE) | Cross-country skiing | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Knut Johannesen | Norway (NOR) | Speed skating | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Viktor Kosichkin | Soviet Union (URS) | Speed skating | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Ernst Hinterseer | Austria (AUT) | Alpine skiing | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Lyubov Kozyreva | Soviet Union (URS) | Cross-country skiing | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Penny Pitou | United States (USA) | Alpine skiing | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Radya Yeroshina | Soviet Union (URS) | Cross-country skiing | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Rolf Rämgård | Sweden (SWE) | Cross-country skiing | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Nikolay Anikin | Soviet Union (URS) | Cross-country skiing | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |

## Note

* **a**  No silver medal was awarded in this event because Grishin and Aas tied for first place with a time of 2:10.4.


title: Thermal cleaning

abstract: Thermal cleaning is a combined process involving pyrolysis and oxidation. As an industrial application, thermal cleaning is used to remove organic substances such as polymers, plastics and coatings from parts, products or production components like extruder screws, spinnerets and static mixers. Thermal cleaning is the most common cleaning method in industrial environment. A variety of different methods have been developed so far for a wide range of applications.

text:
# Thermal cleaning

**Thermal cleaning** is a combined process involving pyrolysis and oxidation. As an industrial application, thermal cleaning is used to remove organic substances such as polymers, plastics and coatings from parts, products or production components like extruder screws, spinnerets and static mixers. Thermal cleaning is the most common cleaning method in industrial environment. A variety of different methods have been developed so far for a wide range of applications.

## Process

Heat is supplied for pyrolysis and air is supplied for oxidation. Depending on the procedure, pyrolysis and oxidation can be applied consecutively or simultaneously. During thermal cleaning, organic material is converted into volatile organic compounds, hydrocarbons and carbonized gas. Inorganic elements remain. Typical process temperatures range between 400 and 540 °C (752 and 1,004 °F).

Several types of industrial thermal cleaning systems are available:

### Fluidized bed systems

Fluidized bed systems use sand or aluminium oxide (alumina) as heating medium. They apply pyrolysis and oxidation simultaneously. These systems clean fast, from 30 minutes process time up to two hours. The medium does not melt or boil, nor emit any vapors or odors. Thermal shock can be a problem with some parts. Pollution control devices may be needed to protect the environment.

### Vacuum ovens

Vacuum ovens use pyrolysis in a vacuum. This method is very safe because uncontrolled combustion inside the cleaning chamber is avoided. The cleaning process in this relatively new approach takes 8 to 30 hours. Vacuum pyrolysis is the only method that applies pyrolysis and oxidation consecutively. In two-chamber versions, molten plastic drains into an unheated chamber to capture the bulk of the polymer to reduce the fumes. Vacuum ovens are also electrically powered.

### Burn-off ovens

Burn-off ovens, also known as heat-cleaning ovens, are gas-fired and used for removing organics from heavy and large metal parts. The process time is moderate, approximately 4 hours. Fires can occur from the fumes created during cleaning. The design is simple and inexpensive. Different types are available. Modern types contain an additional afterburner that operates at a minimum of 1,500 °F (820 °C) and consumes any smoke created by the process.

### Molten salt baths

Molten salt baths belong to the oldest thermal cleaning systems. Cleaning with molten salt is fast: 15 to 30 minutes process time. The process has the risk of dangerous splatters due to chemical reactivity, or other potential hazards, like explosions or toxic hydrogen cyanide gas. Another disadvantage is that parts can be warped or altered in design tolerances. Molten salt baths can be environmentally unfriendly. Due to their disadvantages, they are rarely used today.

## Areas of application

* Plastics industry: Cleaning of production components like extruder screws, spinnerets, or static mixers, of plastic residues polymers.
* Remanufacturers: The rebuilding industry uses thermal cleaning to remove oils and greases from used parts such as engine blocks or starter housings.
* Rewinding industry: In the electric motor rewinding industry there are applications to clean motor components of resins, oils and greases.
* Industrial laboratories: Thermal cleaning is used to clean ceramics and glassware.
* General industrial applications: Thermal cleaning is used to remove paint, varnishes and coatings from industrial parts.


title: El Guapo

abstract: El Guapo or Guapo may refer to:

text:
# El Guapo

**El Guapo** (Spanish for "The Handsome") or **Guapo** may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* El Guapo (band), later Supersystem, an American band
* Guapo (band), a British art rock band
* El Guapo, a Marvel Comics character in the superhero team X-Statix
* El Guapo, a fictional character in the 1986 film *Three Amigos*
* El Guapo, gaming alias of the young Sylvester Dodd in Scorpion (TV series). First mentioned in season 1, episode 13 - “Kill Screen.”

## Nickname or stage name

* Rich Garcés (born 1971), American baseball pitcher
* David Guapo, David Callejón (born 1981), Spanish comedian and singer
* Bas Rutten (born 1965), Dutch-American actor and MMA fighter

## Places


title: Small nucleolar RNA SNORA32

abstract: In molecular biology, SNORA32 is a member of the H/ACA class of small nucleolar RNA that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines.

text:
# Small nucleolar RNA SNORA32

In molecular biology, **SNORA32** (also known as **ACA32**) is a member of the H/ACA class of small nucleolar RNA that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines.

## InfoBox

| Small nucleolar RNA SNORA32 | |
| --- | --- |
| Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of SNORA32 | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | SNORA32 |
| Alt. Symbols | snoACA32 |
| Rfam | RF00421 |
| Other data | |
| RNA type | Gene; snRNA; snoRNA; HACA-box |
| Domain(s) | Eukaryota |
| GO | GO:0006396  GO:0005730 |
| SO | SO:0000594 |
| PDB structures | PDBe |


title: Bray Place

abstract: The Bray Place in Louisville, Kentucky refers to the early farmstead and home built in 1796 by Major Samuel E. Bray and his wife, Nancy Lyle Bray from Virginia. The 210 acres (85 ha) was granted by Thomas Jefferson to Bray as payment for serving in the Revolutionary War and surveying what was then Virginia. It was bordered by what is now Bardstown Road, Goldsmith Lane and Hikes Lane. The original neighbors were Edward Hikes, Andrew Hikes, and John & Lucy Speed who were parents of Joshua & James Speed. Abraham Lincoln visited the area in August, 1841 for 3 weeks after breaking his engagement with Mary Todd due to her parents’ disapproval of the match. The visit to Farmington and the neighboring Bray family restored his happiness and was known to be one of the happiest times of his life. The property is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

text:
# Bray Place

The **Bray Place** in Louisville, Kentucky refers to the early farmstead and home built in 1796 by Major Samuel E. Bray and his wife, Nancy Lyle Bray from Virginia. The 210 acres (85 ha) was granted by Thomas Jefferson (through William Fleming) to Bray as payment for serving in the Revolutionary War and surveying what was then Virginia. It was bordered by what is now Bardstown Road, Goldsmith Lane and Hikes Lane. The original neighbors were Edward Hikes, Andrew Hikes, and John & Lucy Speed who were parents of Joshua & James Speed. Abraham Lincoln visited the area in August, 1841 for 3 weeks after breaking his engagement with Mary Todd due to her parents’ disapproval of the match. The visit to Farmington and the neighboring Bray family restored his happiness and was known to be one of the happiest times of his life.

The property is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

## Building details

The two-story home is of the same architectural style (Federal) as nearby Farmington Historic Home which was built a few years later in 1815 (and has the same setback from Bardstown Road).

The house and land have seen several changes over their lifetime. A front addition to reorient the house to face Bardstown Road was created in 1820. A front porch was added in 1890. A back porch conversion from a laundry room and servant's quarters into a structure to house the latest invention (an automobile) was made in 1914. The sun-room built off the original south-facing front door was added in 1920. Parts of the property were parceled off and sold due to pressure for suburban growth after World War II. Seneca High School and Goldsmith Elementary School were built on parcels from the farm in the 1950s. More land was sold off due to demand from the ever-growing suburbs and it was eventually reduced to roughly 2 and a half acres to create a remnant green space in its suburban context. A rain garden, extensive landscaping, along with structural improvements and cosmetic enhancements were made in 2007–2008.

Since Samuel Bray the house has also seen several changes in ownership: Milton Smith (President of L&N RR)and his wife Anna in 1885; George Scoggan (1888) who turned it into a horse farm which produced several Ky Derby contestants and a Derby winner ("Lookout" in 1893); the MODYS family (1977) who had connections to Farmington & placed the home on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980; the Sanders family (1996) who helped it become a Bellarmine Showcase Home; and Cynthia Cooke (2007) who made many improvements to the land and house and turned it into Bashford Manor Bed and Breakfast (www.bashfordmanor.com).

It is on the National Register of Historic Places.

This home is one of the oldest surviving residences within the Louisville City limits. The structure consists of 3 sections of various construction dates which combine to create a very unusual and aesthetic architectural work. It is a significant element of the community both architecturally and historically.

The original Bray dwelling was a two-story, 3 bay brick Federal structure with an asymmetric façade built c1796. The staircase in this section leads to the attic. The front door faced Beargrass Creek to the south, now leading into a 1920 sun-room addition. The main block of the house oriented to face Bardstown Road is a Federal I type structure. The construction date of this section is 1820, funded by the original Samuel Bray family. It is typical of the Federal farmhouse, with a five bay, symmetrical façade and a hall-parlor plan. The one story front porch was added c1890 by the George Scoggan family, who transformed the farm in 1888 to a horse farm/stable and thoroughbred training facility. The Victorian-style addition of c1890 is the back 1-story 3 room addition, connected on the east wall of the original structure. All parts of the house contain most of their original features, included presses that flank the fireplaces in the original section of the house.

## Ownership

Samuel Bray died c1845. He was a merchant and land investor, farmer and legislator, serving in 1820 on the Kentucky State Legislature.

The property went to his unmarried daughter, Nancy Chenoweth Bray, who held the farm until her death in the last months of the Civil War, February, 1865. The Farm was requisitioned as a Union encampment part of that time. Photos of civil war carvings on a huge old tree found on the property are featured in Mary Garry and Irma Raque's upcoming area history book.

Nancy Bray's sister, Evalina Bray, married Dr. Samuel Shipp, and inherited the property in 1865, to raise their family here until selling it to neighbor Milton Smith, President of the L&N Railroad, and wife, Annette in 1885.

In 1888, the Smiths sold the farm to George Scoggan in whose family it remained until 1977. George produced many Derby contenders including the famous first winner of the Futurity in 1888, Proctor Knott, the 2:1 Derby favorite of 1889... "the best bred horse in America".

A visit by Jesse James brother, Frank James, on Derby Eve 1889 to this home altered the race outcome to his advantage. Records indicate his influence on the jockey to throw the race in favor of 10:1 odds horse, Spokane. James bet $5000 to win on Spokane. The track also bet this method, while the populace bet on Proctor Knott. It was the largest attendance to date and the fastest track to date. Proctor Knott was false started twice to race an eighth mile down the track and back, then after the race began, was run against the outside rail when Spokane ran the inside rail to win by only a nose.

George Scoggan's daughter, Mary, married Alonzo Jones in 1893, a year before George died, and the couple raised five children at the house.

### Modern times

Several neighboring historic homes were razed after World War II for commercial and residential development, particularly in the 1970s. Betty and Robert Modys bought it in 1977 and placed it on the National Register of Historic Places in August, 1980 (Betty was the Director of Farmington, historic home of the Speed Family, north-west neighbors of the Bray Family). The home was thus saved from post war developers who could have placed 14 homes around it. This property is the last of the area's horse farm manor houses and is protected and sustainable now as a fashionable Bed & Breakfast.

The Modys Family sold to the Sanders in 1996, who opened the home as the Bellarmine University Women's Council Show House that year. They recently sold the home (November 2007) to educator and preservationist, Cynthia Cooke.

The Bray Family history research is still underway. Letters written extensively in the 1830s are on file in the Filson Club and more information is sought, especially location of the horse and family grave yards, the surveys discovered in the attic and family photos and stories.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Bray Place | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 2227 Bashford Manor Lane, Louisville, Kentucky |
| Coordinates | 38°12′17″N 85°39′39″W / 38.20472°N 85.66083°W / 38.20472; -85.66083 |
| Area | 1.8 acres (0.73 ha) |
| Built | c.1800 (NRHP document)<br>1796 (owner claim) |
| Architectural style | Federal |
| NRHP reference No. | 80001595 |
| Added to NRHP | August 11, 1980 |