title: Chris Woodcroft

abstract:
Christopher Woodcroft is a Canadian educator and retired wrestler. He was principal of Resurrection Catholic Secondary School in Kitchener, Ontario, and was one of 40 Canadian educators to receive the Canada's Outstanding Principal award from The Learning Partnership in January 2015. Woodcroft represented Canada at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea and
the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. He placed 11th in his class at the 1994 World Championship. He won medals at the 1986 Commonwealth Games (gold),
1987 Pan American Games (silver), and
1991 Pan American Games (bronze).

text:
# Chris Woodcroft

**Christopher Woodcroft** (born March 14, 1965, in Hamilton, Ontario) is a Canadian educator and retired wrestler. He was principal of Resurrection Catholic Secondary School in Kitchener, Ontario, and was one of 40 Canadian educators to receive the Canada's Outstanding Principal award from The Learning Partnership in January 2015.

Woodcroft represented Canada at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea and the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. He placed 11th in his class (52.0 kg Freestyle) at the 1994 World Championship. He won medals at the 1986 Commonwealth Games (gold), 1987 Pan American Games (silver), and 1991 Pan American Games (bronze).

*

## InfoBox

Chris Woodcroft
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1965-03-14) March 14, 1965<br>Hamilton, Ontario |
| Medal record      Men's Wrestling  Representing  Canada  Commonwealth Games  1986  Freestyle (– 52 kg)  Pan American Games  1987 Indianapolis  Freestyle (– 57 kg)  1991 Havana  Freestyle (– 57 kg) | |


title: Christi Thomas

abstract: Christi Michelle Thomas played professional basketball in the WNBA. She attended the University of Georgia where she played under coach Andy Landers. She has been a professional player since 2004. Christi also played basketball at Buford High School in Buford, Georgia, where she led the Buford Wolves to a State Runner-Up finish in 1999. She's 6 ft 5 in and weighs 185 lb (84 kg). On January 30, 2009 Thomas was traded to the Minnesota Lynx for Vanessa Hayden-Johnson.

text:
# Christi Thomas

**Christi Michelle Thomas** (born August 14, 1982) played professional basketball in the WNBA. She attended the University of Georgia where she played under coach Andy Landers. She has been a professional player since 2004. Christi also played basketball at Buford High School in Buford, Georgia, where she led the Buford Wolves to a State Runner-Up finish in 1999. She's 6 ft 5 in (1.91 m) and weighs 185 lb (84 kg). On January 30, 2009 Thomas was traded to the Minnesota Lynx for Vanessa Hayden-Johnson.

## WNBA career statistics

Legend
| GP | Games played | GS | Games started | MPG | Minutes per game | RPG | Rebounds per game |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| APG | Assists per game | SPG | Steals per game | BPG | Blocks per game | PPG | Points per game |
| TO | Turnovers per game | FG% | Field-goal percentage | 3P% | 3-point field-goal percentage | FT% | Free-throw percentage |
| **Bold** | Career best | ° | League leader |

### Regular season

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | TO | PPG |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 | Los Angeles | 31 | 8 | 17.6 | .462 | **.455** | .683 | 3.9 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 17.3 |
| 2005 | Los Angeles | 32 | 7 | 16.3 | **.500** | .333 | .688 | 3.3 | 0.5 | 2.3 | **0.6** | 0.8 | 3.8 |
| 2006 | Los Angeles | 27 | 1 | **20.0** | .529 | .200 | .638 | **5.3** | **1.0** | **0.7** | 0.5 | 1.6 | 6.1 |
| 2007 | Los Angeles | **34** | **19** | 18.8 | .481 | .353 | **.757** | **5.3** | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.4 | **8.4** |
| 2008 | Los Angeles | 20 | 0 | 8.0 | .353 | .167 | .500 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 10.5 |
| 2009 | Minnesota | 11 | 0 | 6.0 | .048 | .000 | .500 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.3 |
| 2010 | Chicago | 15 | 0 | 8.5 | .400 | .000 | .500 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.3 |
| Career | 7 years, 3 teams | 170 | 28 | 15.3 | .459 | .270 | .684 | 3.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 4.6 |

### Playoffs

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | TO | PPG |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 | Los Angeles | 3 | **3** | **33.3** | .545 | .000 | .000 | **7.7** | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.7 | **8.0** |
| 2005 | Los Angeles | 2 | 0 | 19.0 | **.750** | **1.000** | **1.000** | 1.0 | **1.0** | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 4.0 |
| 2006 | Los Angeles | **5** | 0 | 21.4 | .545 | .667 | .800 | 3.2 | 0.8 | **0.6** | **1.2** | 0.2 | 6.0 |
| Career | 3 years, 1 team | 10 | 3 | 24.5 | .563 | .600 | .833 | 4.1 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 6.2 |

## Georgia statistics

Source

Legend
| GP | Games played | GS | Games started | MPG | Minutes per game |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| FG% | Field goal percentage | 3P% | 3-point field goal percentage | FT% | Free throw percentage |
| RPG | Rebounds per game | APG | Assists per game | SPG | Steals per game |
| BPG | Blocks per game | PPG | Points per game | **Bold** | Career high |

| Year | Team | GP | Points | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000-01 | Georgia | 29 | 338 | 51.0 | 18.8 | 62.0 | 6.5 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 11.7 |
| 2001-02 | Georgia | 30 | 311 | 51.5 | 25.0 | 60.2 | 6.2 | **0.9** | 1.0 | 1.5 | 10.4 |
| 2002-03 | Georgia | 30 | **481** | 53.7 | **27.0** | 71.2 | 8.0 | 0.7 | **1.3** | **1.9** | **16.0** |
| 2003-04 | Georgia | **35** | 463 | **53.9** | 22.7 | **77.2** | **8.3** | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 13.2 |
| Career | Georgia | 124 | 1593 | 52.7 | 24.2 | 68.6 | 7.3 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 12.8 |

## InfoBox

Christi Thomas
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1982-08-14) August 14, 1982<br>Marietta, Georgia |
| Nationality | American |
| Listed height | 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) |
| Listed weight | 225 lb (102 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school | Buford (Buford, Georgia) |
| College | Georgia (2000–2004) |
| WNBA draft | 2004: 1st round, 12th overall pick |
| Selected by the Los Angeles Sparks | |
| Playing career | 2004–present |
| Position | Center |
| Number | 32, 4 |
| Career history | |
| 2004–2008 | Los Angeles Sparks |
| 2009 | Minnesota Lynx |
| 2010 | Chicago Sky |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
| * First-team All-SEC (2004) * SEC Freshman of the Year (2001) * SEC All-Freshman Team (2001) | |
|  | |
| Stats at WNBA.com | |
| Stats at Basketball-Reference.com | |


title: Sonning Lane

abstract: Sonning Lane is a cricket and hockey ground in Sonning near Reading, Berkshire, England. It is located on a road called Sonning Lane between the A4 road and the village of Sonning, hence the name. Sonny Lane is the home of Reading Cricket Club. In 1988 Berkshire played Cornwall in the grounds' first Minor Counties Championship match, and the county side has continued to play there regularly since. This has also brought List-A cricket to the ground, starting with Berkshire's participation in the 1991 NatWest Trophy. There have been no further List-A games since 2005. The ground is also the home of Reading Hockey Club who enter teams in both the Men's and Women's England Hockey Leagues. The ground has also hosted several men's and women's international matches.

text:
# Sonning Lane

**Sonning Lane** is a cricket and hockey ground in Sonning near Reading, Berkshire, England. It is located on a road called *Sonning Lane* between the A4 road and the village of Sonning, hence the name.

Sonny Lane is the home of Reading Cricket Club. In 1988 Berkshire played Cornwall in the grounds' first Minor Counties Championship match, and the county side has continued to play there regularly since. This has also brought List-A cricket to the ground, starting with Berkshire's participation in the 1991 NatWest Trophy. There have been no further List-A games since 2005.

The ground is also the home of Reading Hockey Club who enter teams in both the Men's and Women's England Hockey Leagues. The ground has also hosted several men's and women's international matches.

## Cricket

In local domestic cricket, Sonning Lane is the home ground of Reading Cricket Club who play in the Home Counties Premier Cricket League. From 1988 to the present day, the ground has played host to 21 Minor Counties Championship matches, starting with Berkshire playing Cornwall on 31 July 1988.

The first List-A match played on the ground came in the 1991 NatWest Trophy between Berkshire and Hampshire. From 1991 to 2005, the ground hosted 6 List-A matches, with the final List-A match played at the ground between Berkshire and Gloucestershire in the 2005 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy.

In 1993, the ground played host to a match between the England women's cricket team and the Ireland women's cricket team in 1993 Women's Cricket World Cup.

Reading Cricket Club has seen several of its players progress into professional and international cricket. Martin Andersson is the most recent, having started as a colt at Reading, and now having signed a two-year professional contract with Middlesex County Cricket Club, which will take him to 2020. Gareth Harte, Dan Housego, and Aftab Habib have all played professional cricket having played for Reading, the later playing two tests for England.

## Hockey

Reading Hockey Club is also based on the ground, with matches now generally played on an artificial turf pitch. The club maintains a number of men's, women's and junior sides with both the men's and women's first teams competing in the Men's and Women's England Hockey Leagues. The hockey pitch has also hosted a number of international matches, with England men, England women and Great Britain men all having played there.

51°27′56.29″N 0°54′41.15″W / 51.4656361°N 0.9114306°W / 51.4656361; -0.9114306

## InfoBox

Sonning Lane
| Ground information | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Sonning, Berkshire |
| International information | |
| Only WODI | 24 July 1993:
England v  Ireland |
| Team information | |
| Berkshire (1988present)  Reading Cricket Club   Reading Hockey Club | |
| As of 6 September 2020
Source: Ground profile | |


title: Sound of Madness

abstract: "Sound of Madness" is a single by American rock band Shinedown from their 2008 album The Sound of Madness and is also the album's title track, despite the exclusion of the word "the" in the song's title. The song was chosen to be the title track after some road testing on a short run of dates. It was released on February 23, 2009, in Europe. The song peaked at No. 1 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, making it their third straight single to reach the top spot on the chart. This made Shinedown the only band to have their first 10 singles all reach the top five on the Mainstream Rock chart. It also reached No. 5 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart, making it the band's fourth top ten hit and third top five hit.

text:
# Sound of Madness

"**Sound of Madness**" is a single by American rock band Shinedown from their 2008 album *The Sound of Madness* and is also the album's title track, despite the exclusion of the word "the" in the song's title. The song was chosen to be the title track after some road testing on a short run of dates. It was released on February 23, 2009, in Europe. The song peaked at No. 1 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, making it their third straight single to reach the top spot on the chart. This made Shinedown the only band to have their first 10 singles all reach the top five on the Mainstream Rock chart. It also reached No. 5 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart, making it the band's fourth top ten hit and third top five hit.

## Track listing

UK CD single
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Sound of Madness" (album version) | 3:53 |
| 2. | "Call Me" (Warner Germany acoustic session) | 6:15 |
| 3. | "Sound of Madness" (Warner Germany acoustic session) | 4:13 |

## Charts

### Weekly charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Rock (*Billboard*) | 13 |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 85 |
| US Hot Rock & Alternative Songs (*Billboard*) | 2 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2009) | Position |
| --- | --- |
| US Hot Rock Songs (*Billboard*) | 8 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 80,000 |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| "Sound of Madness" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Shinedown | |
| from the album  *The Sound of Madness* | |
| Released | February 23, 2009 |
| Genre | Heavy metal |
| Length | 3:54 |
| Label | Atlantic |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Rob Cavallo |
| Shinedown singles chronology | |
| "Second Chance"
(2008) "**Sound of Madness**"
(2009) "If You Only Knew"
(2009) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Sound of Madness" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Sound of Melodies

abstract: Sound of Melodies is the debut album from Christian band Leeland released in August 2006 on Essential Records.

text:
# Sound of Melodies

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Jesus Freak Hideout |  |
| AllMusic |  |

***Sound of Melodies*** is the debut album from Christian band Leeland released in August 2006 on Essential Records.

## Track listing

Album release
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Sound of Melodies" | Jack Mooring, Leeland Mooring, Steve Wilson | 5:01 |
| 2. | "Reaching" | J. Mooring, L. Mooring, S. Wilson | 3:25 |
| 3. | "Yes You Have" | Matt Bronleewe, J. Mooring, L. Mooring | 4:23 |
| 4. | "Tears of the Saints" | J. Mooring, L. Mooring | 6:18 |
| 5. | "Beautiful Lord" | Marc Byrd, L. Mooring | 4:29 |
| 6. | "Can't Stop" | Steve Hindalong, L. Mooring | 3:38 |
| 7. | "Lift Your Eyes" | Hindalong, L. Mooring, Mike Smith | 3:02 |
| 8. | "Hey" | J. Mooring, L. Mooring, S. Wilson | 3:35 |
| 9. | "Too Much" | Byrd, Hindalong, David Stukenberg, L. Mooring | 3:46 |
| 10. | "How Wonderful" | Byrd, Hindalong, L. Mooring | 4:13 |
| 11. | "Carried to the Table" | Byrd, Hindalong, L. Mooring | 5:45 |
| 12. | "Poetry in Motion (Japanese Exclusive Track)" |  | 3:04 |
| Total length: | | | 50:05 (53:09) |

## Personnel

**Leeland**

* Leeland Mooring – lead vocals, guitars, handclaps (8)
* Jack Mooring – keyboards, vocals, handclaps (8)
* Jeremiah Wood – lead guitars
* Jake Holtz – bass
* Mike Smith – drums

**Additional musicians**

* Marc Byrd – ambient guitar (11)
* Derri Daughtery – percussion (5, 7, 10, 11)
* Conor Farley – handclaps (8)
* Steve Wilson – handclaps (8)

### Production

* Conor Farley – A&R
* Matt Bronleewe – producer (1-4, 6, 8, 11)
* Marc Byrd – producer (5, 7, 9-11)
* Steve Hindalong – producer (5, 7, 9-11)
* Rusty Varenkamp – engineer (1-4, 6, 8, 11)
* Derri Daughtery – engineer (5, 7, 9-11)
* J.R. McNeely – mixing (1, 4)
* Shane D. Wilson – mixing (2, 3, 5-11)
* Adam Deane – mix assistant (1, 4)
* Peter Carlson – mix assistant (2, 3, 5-11)
* Dave Steunebrink – mix coordinator (2, 3, 5-11)
* Andrew Mendelson – mastering at Georgetown Masters (Nashville, Tennessee)
* Heather Hetzler – A&R production
* Lani Crump – production coordinator
* Alice Smith – production coordinator
* Stephanie McBrayer – art direction, styling
* Tim Parker – art direction, design
* Jeremy Cowart – photography
* Robin Geary – hair, make-up
* Megan Thompson – hair, make-up

## Singles

* "Sound of Melodies"
* "Yes You Have"
* "Tears of the Saints"
* "Reaching"

## Award nominations

* Grammy nomination for "Best Pop/Contemporary Gospel Album" in 2007.
* Dove Award nomination for "Rock/Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year" *Sound of Melodies*, "Worship Song of the Year" *Yes You Have*, "Rock/Contemporary Album of the Year", and "Praise & Worship Album of the Year".

## InfoBox

| Sound of Melodies | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Leeland | |
| Released | August 15, 2006 |
| Studio | Pentavarit (Nashville, Tennessee) * Sound Kitchen (Franklin, Tennessee) |
| Genre | Christian rock |
| Length | 47:39 |
| Label | Essential |
| Producer | Matt Bronleewe |
| Leeland chronology | |
| ***Sound of Melodies***
(2006) *Opposite Way*
(2008) | |


title: Source News

abstract: Source News is an online journalism platform, based in Scotland, that succeeded the CommonSpace news website in February 2020. CommonSpace was launched in 2015 and was editorially independent of its owner Common Weal.

text:
# Source News

**Source News** is an online journalism platform, based in Scotland, that succeeded the **CommonSpace** news website in February 2020. CommonSpace was launched in 2015 and was editorially independent of its owner Common Weal.

## History

The CommonSpace news service was announced by the Common Weal think tank in September 2014, following the conclusion of the referendum on Scottish independence.

The website launched in January 2015, though their launch party was held in June at the Glasgow School of Art.

It began with five editorial staff, led by Angela Haggerty. By late 2015 they were attracting 100,000 – 150,000 unique users a month, although they had 200,000 in the month of the UK Parliament election.

In February 2018, Haggerty announced her departure as editor of CommonSpace after her appointment as news editor of the *Sunday Herald*. Six months later however, the *Sunday Herald* announced it was to close.

Ben Wray replaced Haggerty in April 2018, announcing his appointment alongside a series of planned changes in an editorial.

In February 2020, CommonSpace underwent a site redesign, rebranding as Source.

## InfoBox

Source News
| Type | Online newspaper |
| --- | --- |
| Owner(s) | Common Weal |
| Editor | Ben Wray |
| Staff writers | 5 |
| Founded | January 2015 (2015-01) |
| Headquarters | Glasgow |
| Country | Scotland |
| Circulation | 100,000 – 150,000 unique visitors per month |
| Website | sourcenews.scot |
|  | |


title: Sophie and Harwood Steiger

abstract: Harwood Steiger (1900–1980) and Sophie Steiger (unknown–1980) were American textile artists and printmakers. They are best known for their desert textile art of the 20th century.

text:
# Sophie and Harwood Steiger

**Harwood Steiger** (1900–1980) and **Sophie Steiger** (*unknown*–1980) were American textile artists and printmakers. They are best known for their desert textile art of the 20th century.

## Life

During the 1950s, 1960, and 1970s Steiger was name associated with Southern Arizona fabric design. Together Harwood and Sophie Steiger would run the Tubac Steiger studio producing extraordinary silkscreen fabric design that would become synonymous with the Southern Arizona style in the post World War II era.

## Harwood Steiger

Harwood Steiger was born in 1900 in Fairport, New York. He studied painting at the Rochester Institute of Technology and took his first job as a colorist in a dye plant. That job would affect his later work in life. He then enrolled in the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, taking every course they had to offer.

After moving to New York City in the 1920s to make a name for himself, Harwood was swept into the depression, like the rest of the country. Undaunted, the entrepreneurial young man opened his own art studio and began teaching classes.

In the early 1930s, Harwood’s work was gaining acclaim. Continuing to teach, he opened a summer art school at Martha’s Vineyard called The Steiger Paint Group. His artistic style drew on the social mores and themes of the era. Like Thomas Hart Benton, who also summered on Marta’s Vineyard, Harwood’s artistic style was on the forefront of the Regionalist art movement. He worked primarily in watercolor, sculpting his fluid figures in thick washes of color, using sharp dark lines to give his work a punctuating weight. His art explored the everyday experiences of ordinary people, a stylistic choice associated with the New Deal art projects. In 1938, Harwood received a commission from the Section of Painting and Sculpture and completed a mural for the post office in Fort Payne, Alabama. In 2001 the mural was relocated to Hunt Hall, part of the Fort Payne Hosiery Museum.

## Sophie Steiger

Harwood’s Martha’s Vineyard summer studio drew students from all over the country, including an attractive young schoolteacher named Sophie, an artist in her own right. She came from the country, with an artistic curiosity about botanicals and herbs. Her art reflected this interest – plants and flowers were a central theme of her painting, utilizing watercolor to create delicate washes of tone and depth. The couple married. Addendum : Sophie Steiger was born Sophie Halbwachs in Brooklyn, New York. Her parents were from Alsace-Lorraine. The Father was a non-commissioned officer in the U.S. Army.

## Tubac, Arizona

In 1956, after a trip through northern Mexico, the Steigers fell in love with Arizona, and built a home and studio in Tubac, a small village 45 miles south of Tucson. The climate, history, and landscape reshaped their artistic interests. They also developed an interest in the technique of silkscreen, and fabric design.

## Fabric printing

The couple worked closely in the design, development, and production. Their fabrics were a hit, earning national and international attention.

Harwood would draw a design, and Sophie would decide if the work should be transferred to fabric, choosing the type of fabric and its base color. Harwood chose the silkscreen dye and would cut the designs into lacquer films. The stencils were placed on the silk screens and the dye brushed though the screens, a separate film and screen for each color.

The new fabric design was a departure from Harwood’s earlier work but retained a familiar graphic sensibility. These new functional works reflected both Harwood and Sophies’s artistic interests – dozens of fabrics were decorative abstractions of botanical themes, others ruminations on desert animals and cactus.

The couple produced 36 yards of fabric at a time, repeating the silkscreen process over and over down their long studio table.

## Legacy

Over three decades, through hundreds of fabric designs, the Steigers created a vocabulary of graphic fabric patterning that became part of southern Arizona style. Their work offered a functional modernist interpretation of the Southwest. Although the studio closed in the 1980s after Sophie’s death, their influence is still present, not just in the tablecloths, curtains, dresses, and upholstery that sprinkle the interiors of houses throughout Tucson, but in a rich sophisticated style that continues to express the vision of post World War II southern Arizona. The Steiger silkscreens are now part of the permanent collections of Pima Community College in Tucson, Arizona and the American Textile History Museum in Lowell, Massachusetts.

## Artwork

The Steigers were designers who worked primarily in painting and textiles.

## Bibliography

* Tucson Daily Citizen, Harwood Steiger Tucson Daily Citizen Art Prizes Awards, Feb 4, 1961
* Harwood Steiger, Tucson Daily Citizen, Festival Time at Tubac, Page 12 January 32, 1965
* Arizona Highways Magazine, Harwood Steiger, Volume 42, 1966
* Beeaff, Dianne Ebertt, The Southwestern Rhythms of Harwood Steiger Fabrics, Fiber Arts, April 1986.
* Green Valley News, Color and Originality a Specialty, November 30, 1967.

## InfoBox

| Harwood and Sophie Steiger | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | American |
| Known for | Textiles<br>Graphic design |
| Movement | Modernism |


title: Christian Keller (sports administrator)

abstract: Christian Keller is a German academic and sports administrator who currently serves as the managing director at 1. FC Köln. He earned a doctorate from the University of Tübingen, and subsequently taught sport management at SRH University Heidelberg while also advising professional football clubs. From 2013 to 2021, he worked as the managing director of SSV Jahn Regensburg. In March 2023, he was elected to the governing board of Deutsche Fußball Liga, the organising body of Germany's professional football leagues.

text:
# Christian Keller (sports administrator)

**Christian Keller** (born 26 November 1976) is a German academic and sports administrator who currently serves as the managing director at 1. FC Köln. He earned a doctorate from the University of Tübingen, and subsequently taught sport management at SRH University Heidelberg while also advising professional football clubs. From 2013 to 2021, he worked as the managing director of SSV Jahn Regensburg. In March 2023, he was elected to the governing board of Deutsche Fußball Liga, the organising body of Germany's professional football leagues.

## Early life and academic career

Christian Keller was born on 26 November 1976 in Donaueschingen in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. He studied international trade at Reutlingen University, graduating with a dissertation about publicly listed football clubs. In 2008, after obtaining a degree in business development from the same institution, he acquired a doctoral degree from the University of Tübingen on financial management of football clubs under the supervision of the sports scientist Helmut Digel. He then taught sport management at SRH University Heidelberg.

## Management career

In parallel to his academic career, Keller began working as a consultant to professional football clubs. In 2013, he was appointed managing director at SSV Jahn Regensburg. During his tenure, the club achieved promotion from the fourth-tier Regionalliga Bayern to the fully-professional 3. Liga, and later to 2. Bundesliga, the second tier of the German football league system. He stepped down from his role at Regensburg in October 2021. The club had been facing insolvency at the time of Keller's appointment but was debt-free when he departed. On 1 April 2022, he was appointed managing director at Bundesliga club 1. FC Köln, a position that had been vacant since the dismissal of Horst Heldt in May of the previous year.

In March 2023, Keller was nominated by a group of clubs including Köln and FC Augsburg to succeed Fredi Bobic on the governing board of Deutsche Fußball Liga (DFL), the organising body of Germany's professional football leagues. Standing against Werder Bremen's Klaus Filbry, he was elected with 18 votes to 16. While Filbry was supported by two thirds of Bundesliga clubs, Keller won thanks to the votes of most 2. Bundesliga teams. Before the election, Keller had voiced scepticism about a potential sale of DFL media rights to an investor.

## Bibliography

* Ebert, Michael (3 March 2023). "Die Wahl von Keller besitzt Spaltpotenzial". *kicker* (in German).
* Carspecken, Tobias (5 April 2022). "Die Kölner Wunschlösung legt los". *Kölnische Rundschau* (in German).
* "Christian Keller kommt zum FC". *1. FC Köln* (in German). 23 November 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
* Otto, Gerd; Otto, Wolfgang (2014). *Servus, Jahnstadion! Eine Regensburger Institution nimmt Abschied'* (in German). Regensburg: Forum Verlag. ISBN 978-3-9816128-2-0.
* "Trotz Traumnoten stets bescheiden". *Südkurier* (in German). 18 October 2008.
* "Christian Keller ist schon Professor". *Südkurier* (in German). 25 August 2010.

## InfoBox

| Christian Keller | |
| --- | --- |
| Keller in 2023 | |
| Born | (1976-11-26) 26 November 1976<br>Donaueschingen, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany |
| Education |  |
| Occupation | Sports administrator |
| Employers |  |
| Board member of | Deutsche Fußball Liga |


title: Christening in Tanum Church

abstract: Christening in Tanum Church is an oil on canvas painting by the Norwegian artist Harriet Backer. The painting was exhibited at the Autumn Exhibition (Høstutstillingen) in Oslo during 1892. Harriet Backer subsequently exhibited this painting at the Chicago World Exposition in 1893. It is currently on display at the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design. The painting shows a scene at Tanum Church in Baerum. In the background are the open doors; the strong daylight flows into the otherwise dark interior. In the doorway stands a group of people about to enter the church. This painting shows a young woman holding a child as she walks into the church for its christening. In the foreground to the right, a woman sitting on the bench at the back of the church turns to look toward the entrance. Beside her sits another woman in the dark. Harriet Backer studied in Munich in 1874–78. Between 1878 and 1888 she lived in Paris. In 1888 she moved back to Norway to settle at Sandvika in Bærum. There she began to make a series of paintings based upon local themes. This painting is one of a series of paintings that Backer made featuring church interiors. Backer also painted another work featuring Tanum Church entitled Entrance Wives (Inngangskoner). This painting shows a traditional local custom where mothers were blessed before attending church services after having given birth. It was painted in the same year and is possibly meant to be seen as a pendant of her Christening. The subdued palette emphasizes the difference between the women bowed in front of a clergyman as opposed to the explosion of colors with the focus on life outside the church.

text:
# Christening in Tanum Church

***Christening in Tanum Church*** (*Barnedåp i Tanum kirke*) is an oil on canvas painting by the Norwegian artist Harriet Backer. The painting was exhibited at the Autumn Exhibition (*Høstutstillingen*) in Oslo during 1892. Harriet Backer subsequently exhibited this painting at the Chicago World Exposition in 1893. It is currently on display at the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design.

The painting shows a scene at Tanum Church in Baerum. In the background are the open doors; the strong daylight flows into the otherwise dark interior. In the doorway stands a group of people about to enter the church. This painting shows a young woman holding a child as she walks into the church for its christening. In the foreground to the right, a woman sitting on the bench at the back of the church turns to look toward the entrance. Beside her sits another woman in the dark.

Harriet Backer studied in Munich in 1874–78. Between 1878 and 1888 she lived in Paris. In 1888 she moved back to Norway to settle at Sandvika in Bærum. There she began to make a series of paintings based upon local themes. This painting is one of a series of paintings that Backer made featuring church interiors.

Backer also painted another work featuring Tanum Church entitled *Entrance Wives* (*Inngangskoner*). This painting shows a traditional local custom where mothers were blessed before attending church services after having given birth. It was painted in the same year and is possibly meant to be seen as a pendant of her *Christening*. The subdued palette emphasizes the difference between the women bowed in front of a clergyman as opposed to the explosion of colors with the focus on life outside the church.

## InfoBox

| Christening in Tanum Church | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Artist | Harriet Backer |
| Year | 1892 |
| Medium | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | 109 cm × 142 cm (43 in × 56 in) |
| Location | National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design, Oslo |


title: Soren Mounir

abstract: Soren Sorensen is a Swiss-American singer-songwriter, drummer, keyboardist, record producer and radio commentator; also known as the artist Dorian Gray.

text:
# Soren Mounir

**Soren Sorensen** (born Mounir 31 July) is a Swiss-American singer-songwriter, drummer, keyboardist, record producer and radio commentator; also known as the artist *Dorian Gray*.

## Biography

### Early life

Soren was born in Geneva, Switzerland. His professional career began as a drummer, first with progressive rock group KGB (CH) and then more famously in his country with band Alesia (CH) as a drummer-songwriter-producer. In KGB, Soren originally supplied drums and began to write songs.

Soren Sorensen's song "Mon Coeur l'aime" was performed by Kathy Leander to represent Switzerland at the Eurovision Song Contest, in 1996, which was hosted by a-ha singer Morten Harket in Oslo, Norway.

### Solo career

2007: Soren decides to go solo and signs an important Publishing deal with Editors "SIDOMUSIC B. LIECHTI & Cie" for most of his songs and also signs a production deal for his solo project under the name of Dorian Gray with debut album "Hurt by the Moon". The album is co-produced and mixed by Chief Engineer Yvan Bing (Phil Collins) and mastered by Justin Shturtz at Sterling Sound NY.

## Producer / songwriter

2002: Soren Sorensen (born Mounir) discovers Welsh singer Duffy on the Internet, she's 17; together they write and produce more than 50 songs under the name of Soulego. In July 2003 they perform as a duet at the Wakestock (Wales) festival.

2003: Soren writes Star Academy 4 (French "Pop Idol") Lucie Doni's 1st single, "Je suis mes pas", which remained at 57 on the French Top 100 for six weeks (Atoll Music/Sony Music Entertainment France).

2004: Soren composed ‘Le Monde Danse’ for Swiss singer Nandita Natarajan for the Eurovision Contest which gained public recognition and won the third nomination at the Swiss selections.

2004: Soren collaborates with producer Carmen Rizzo and Jamie Muhoberac in Los Angeles on the Invisible Sun Odyssey (I.S.O.) solo project; it's a tribute to composer/producer Jeff Lynne from ELO. CDs and vinyl records of "I.S.O". are released in France for the French Nightclubs.

2004 – 2005: Soren collaborates with French talented author Jerome Attal.

2006: Soren is featured on the "BRU(i)T" compilation CD (CH) – based on an idea by Antoine Bellwald (Phil Collins) and Alban Chaperon – with an original two minutes track called "BUDDAM".

2007: Soren collaborates with French singer and superstar David Hallyday who officially supports the project Dorian Gray and becomes Dorian's stage drummer for a few concerts.

2008: Soren is the composer of the new film soundtrack "PANORAMA 08" for the "International Committee of the Red Cross" (ICRC)

## Discography

* 1993 : Time To Tell (Alesia) – LP
* 1996 : "Mon cœur l'aime" (Eurosong 96) – Single
* 1997 : "So Much in Love" (Fullmoon) – Vinyl Single
* 1998 : Changer (Soren) – Demo LP
* 2000 : Les mots dits (Brice Parelli) – Demo LP
* 2001 : A Piece of Life (Reldie) – Demo LP
* 2003 : Koto Buki (Duffy feat, Soulego) – 47 songs demo project
* 2004 : Invisible Sun Odyssey (I.S.O.) – Single, Vinyl single
* 2004 : "Le monde danse" (Eurosong 04) – Single
* 2006 : Hurt by the Moon (Dorian Gray) – LP
* 2006 : Buddam (BRUiT compilation) – LP
* 2006 : "Back To Tears" (Fantastic Day, compilation UK) – Single
* 2006 : "Forever More" (The Big Indie Comeback, compilation UK) – Single
* 2006 : "Back To Tears" / "Violent Thoughts" (The Big Bang, Compilation USA) – Singles
* 2006 : "Forever More" (Suisse Rock, Couleur 3 Swiss Radio compilation) – Single
* 2008 : Hurt by the Moon (Dorian Gray) – International LP
* 2008 : PANORAMA 08 (International ICRC Movie score) – Video

* Soren Mounir's official MySpace
* Soren Mounir on Musicians Page
* MoonLand Music (Productions and Publishing)
* Dorian Gray official MySpace
* Duffy feat. Soulego official MySpace
* Soulego Medley 01
* Soulego Medley 02
* Eurosong 96
* Invisible Sun Odyssey (I.S.O.) official MySpace
* ICRC Panorama08 Movie
* "Hurt by the Moon" on Amazon.com
* France 4 – Hosted by Ray Cokes
* Sébastien Vuignier about Dorian Gray on Léman Bleu TV
* Paléo Festival – « The Reason I Love »
* Dorian Gray, conquered singer David Hallyday
* Dorian Gray by Sandra Lou – Paléo Festival 2008
* Dorian Gray – Léman Bleu Report – Paléo Festival 2008
* Dorian Gray – TSR 12.45 Interview, Jan. 2007
* Dorian Gray LIVE – "I Can Be Wrong" – with David Smet-Hallyday
* Interview Dorian Gray 08 / psbmusic-live

## InfoBox

| Soren Mounir | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Also known as | Dorian Gray |
| Origin | Geneva, Switzerland |
| Genres | Progressive rock, rock, pop, soul |
| Occupation(s) | Singer-songwriter, musician, producer |
| Instrument(s) | Vocals, drums, keyboards |
| Years active | 1987–present |
| Labels | MoonLand Music |
|  | |
| Website | http://www.moonlandmusic.com/ |


title: Chris Hewitt (journalist)

abstract: Chris Hewitt is a British film critic, journalist and broadcaster. He has worked for Empire since 2001. He is host of The Empire Film Podcast and has also worked as film reviewer on BBC television and for BBC Radio 6.

text:
# Chris Hewitt (journalist)

**Chris Hewitt** is a British film critic, journalist and broadcaster. He has worked for *Empire* since 2001. He is host of *The Empire Film Podcast* and has also worked as film reviewer on BBC television and for *BBC Radio 6*.

## Career

From Banbridge, County Down, Hewitt joined *Empire* magazine in 2001. From 2011, in addition to working on the *Empire* magazine, he has hosted The *Empire Film Podcast*. He has also worked as film reviewer on BBC television and for BBC Radio 6.

Hewitt has hosted *Empire* live shows in places such as Belfast, Edinburgh, Liverpool and Brighton alongside "colleagues of such lethal cunning," as they are referred to on the show, including film journalists Helen O’Hara, James Dyer and Terri White. In July 2022, the *Empire Film Podcast* won the “Best Live Podcast” category at the *British Podcast Awards*. The award was given for a live episode held in Kings Place, London to celebrate the podcast’s 500th episode which included returning favourites as well as celebrity movie guests such as Tom Holland, Brett Goldstein and Johnny Knoxville.

Hewitt also presents an *Empire ‘Spoiler Special podcast* series, episodes of which have included three-hour-long deep dives with the likes of *Mission Impossible* franchise director Christopher McQuarrie.

Hewitt has appeared as a guest on *Films To Be Buried With with Brett Goldstein*, as well as many other film podcasts such as *Evolution of Horror, 90 minutes or less*, and *The Movie Bunker*. A particular fan of the movies of Sam Raimi, Hewitt has frequently discussed his fondness of *Evil Dead* and *Evil Dead 2*, in print, on podcast and at live events, and this fondness has been satirised in Empire Magazine.

## Personal life

Hewitt is married and lives in Greenwich, London. Hewitt is a supporter of Liverpool FC and has appeared as a guest on *Anfield Wrap*. Hewitt is also a fan of the American rock band R.E.M and has discussed *New Adventures in Hi-Fi* as his favourite album.

## InfoBox

| Chris Hewitt | |
| --- | --- |
| Occupation(s) | Journalist, broadcaster |
| Years active | 2001 – |
| Known for | The Empire Film Podcast |


title: Chris Hickey (singer-songwriter)

abstract: Chris Hickey is an American singer-songwriter from Los Angeles. He was a member of the punk-pop band The Spoilers, the folky trio Show of Hands, and the alt folk rock band, Uma. He has six solo records and his voice and/or his songs have appeared on records by Sally Dworsky, Joe Henry, Michael Penn, Indigo Girls,, Scott Seskind, Shannon Worrell, Phil Cody, Dean Stefan, and Craig Wisda. Hickey has four children, one of whom is singer-songwriter Charlie Hickey. He was married to singer Sally Dworsky. He is a vegan and a Buddhist.

text:
# Chris Hickey (singer-songwriter)

**Chris Hickey** is an American singer-songwriter from Los Angeles. He was a member of the punk-pop band The Spoilers, the folky trio Show of Hands (one of the first American bands to perform in China), and the alt folk rock band, Uma. He has six solo records and his voice and/or his songs have appeared on records by Sally Dworsky, Joe Henry, Michael Penn, Indigo Girls, , Scott Seskind, Shannon Worrell, Phil Cody, Dean Stefan, and Craig Wisda.

Hickey has four children, one of whom is singer-songwriter Charlie Hickey. He was married to singer Sally Dworsky. He is a vegan and a Buddhist.

## Discography

| Record/Artist | Year/Label | Role |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Lost Dogs in the Courtyard by Chris Hickey | 2018 - Work-fire Recordings | solo record |
| Love Away by Chris Hickey | 2014 - Work-fire Recordings | solo record |
| Secondly by Show of Hands | 2013 - Randell Kirsch, Luann Olson, Chris Hickey | band member |
| Razzmatazz by Chris Hickey | 2009 - Work-fire Recordings | solo record |
| Release by Chris Hickey | 2003 - Work-fire Recordings | solo record |
| Fare Well by Uma | 1998 - Refuge / MCA Records | band member |
| Show of Hands by Show of Hands | 1989 - IRS / MCA Records | band member |
| Looking for Anything by Chris Hickey | 1987 - CNC Records | solo record |
| Frames of Mind, Boundaries of Time by Chris Hickey | 1985 - CNC Records | solo record |
| Reckless/Battling On (Single) by The Spoilers | 1980 - Rocket / MCA Records | band member |
| Greta/Loose Words (Single) by The Spoilers | 1980 - White Lunch Records | band member |
| The Spoilers (EP) | 1978 - White Lunch Records | band member |
|

Also appears on:

| Record/Artist | Year/Label | Role |
| --- | --- | --- |
| This Day (single) by Sally Dworsky | 2020 - Sally Dworsky | songwriting |
| Electricland by Craig Wisda | 2009 - Retro Alternative Music | songwriting, select track |
| The Honey Guide by Shannon Worrell | 2008 - Dualtone Music Group | songwriting, select track |
| Boxes by Sally Dworsky | 2007 - Tikki Merm | songwriting (select tracks), guitar, background vocals |
| Civilians by Joe Henry | 2007 - ANTI | background vocals |
| Palms & Runes, Tarot & Tea: A Michael Penn Collection | 2007 - Sony Legacy | background vocals |
| Rarities by Indigo Girls | 2005 - Sony Records | background vocals |
| Types Of Ethical Theory by Craig Wisda | 2005 - Retro Alternative Music | songwriting, select track |
| Mad Dog Sessions by Phil Cody | 2002 - Tiny Head Records | background vocals |
| National Boulevard by Shrubbers | 1997 - Raj Records | background vocals |
| Free for All by Michael Penn | 1992 - RCA Records | background vocals |
| Deadicated: A Tribute to the Grateful Dead / Indigo Girls | 1991 - Arista Records | background vocals |
| KINK Live 1 - Various Artists | 1998 - KINK FM | with Uma - select track |
| Breakaway: The First Year by Various Artists | 1989 - Mountain Railroad | with Show of Hands - select track |
| Fast Folk Musical Magazine The: Vol. 4, #9: Los Angeles | 1989 - Folkways | with Show of Hands - select track |
| Trial and Error by Dean Stefan | 1987 - Rubber Tree Records | bass, guitar, bk vocals |
| Scott Seskind by Scott Seskind | 1985 - Scott Seskind | background vocals / scissors |
|


title: Christian Church (Boise, Idaho)

abstract: The Hill City Christian Church in Boise, Idaho is a historic church at 9th and Franklin Streets. The Romanesque-style church was built in 1910-1911 and individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. In 1982 it was included as a contributing property in the Fort Street Historic District. It was deemed "architecturally significant as a good example of the brick Romanesque style applied to an ecclesiastical building. Following the Joplin plan, a standard Christian church design of the period, it is similar to other Christian churches throughout the nation, including the one in Eugene, Oregon. Its hexagonal dome, offset by the two large gables, is rare in Idaho and makes the building a landmark. The stained glass windows are of high quality and exhibit good craftsmanship, as does the interior woodwork. The Balcom and Vaughan theater organ, manufactured in Seattle, is one of the two extant vacuum operated theater organs in Boise." Stonework was by mason Charles Storey, who also worked on Boise's St. John's cathedral and the State Capitol.

text:
# Christian Church (Boise, Idaho)

The **Hill City** **Christian Church (previously Capital City Christian Church)** in Boise, Idaho is a historic church at 9th and Franklin Streets. The Romanesque-style church was built in 1910-1911 and individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. In 1982 it was included as a contributing property in the Fort Street Historic District.

It was deemed "architecturally significant as a good example of the brick Romanesque style applied to an ecclesiastical building. Following the Joplin plan, a standard Christian church design of the period, it is similar to other Christian churches throughout the nation, including the one in Eugene, Oregon. Its hexagonal dome, offset by the two large gables, is rare in Idaho and makes the building a landmark. The stained glass windows are of high quality and exhibit good craftsmanship, as does the interior woodwork. The Balcom and Vaughan theater organ, manufactured in Seattle, is one of the two extant vacuum operated theater organs in Boise (the other is in the Ada Theater)."

Stonework was by mason Charles Storey, who also worked on Boise's St. John's cathedral and the State Capitol.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Hill City Church | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district<br>Contributing property | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 9th and Franklin Sts., Boise, Idaho |
| Coordinates | 43°37′15″N 116°11′59″W / 43.62083°N 116.19972°W / 43.62083; -116.19972 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1910-11 |
| Built by | I.J. Allen, Charles Storey |
| Architectural style | Romanesque |
| Part of | Fort Street Historic District (ID82000199) |
| NRHP reference No. | 78001031 |
| Added to NRHP | February 17, 1978 |


title: Chris Osei-Kusi

abstract: Chris Osei-Kusi born September 22, 1997, is a Canadian professional football wide receiver who is a free agent.

text:
# Chris Osei-Kusi

**Chris Osei-Kusi** born September 22, 1997, is a Canadian professional football wide receiver who is a free agent.

## University career

Osei-Kusi played U Sports football for the Queen's Gaels from 2015 to 2018. He played in 28 games where he had 126 receptions for 1,862 yards and eight receiving touchdowns, while also scoring a rushing touchdown, and a punt return touchdown.

He participated in the CFL National Combine, in 2019, and earned a combine all-star honours by running a 4.47 40-yard dash, which was the fastest among all the combine participants, and put up 19 reps on the bench press, which was the highest among all receivers. Following this stellar combine, Osei-Kusi was invited to the Cleveland Browns mini-camp. He was 1 of 8 Canadians to be invited to an NFL mini-camp this year.

He then transferred to the University of Windsor in 2019, to complete his law degree, and played for the Lancers where he appeared in seven games and recorded 34 receptions for 560 yards and two touchdowns.

## Professional career

### Montreal Alouettes

Osei-Kusi was selected in the fourth round, 30th overall, by the Montreal Alouettes in the 2019 CFL Draft. He attended training camp in 2019 and played in both pre-season games, but he returned to school and completed his U Sports eligibility. He re-signed with the team for a two-year contract on January 15, 2020, but did not play in 2020 due to the cancellation of the 2020 CFL season.

In 2021, Osei-Kusi began the season on the practice roster, but was released on September 13, 2021.

### Edmonton Elks

On September 21, 2021, Osei-Kusi signed with the Edmonton Elks. He played in his first professional game on October 29, 2021, against the Hamilton Tiger-Cats. He played in five regular season games where he had one special teams tackle.

In 2022, he made the team's opening day roster and played in 17 games, starting in four, where he had six catches for 79 yards and six special teams tackles. He became a free agent upon the expiry of his contract on February 14, 2023.

### Hamilton Tiger-Cats

On February 17, 2023, it was announced that Osei-Kusi had signed with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats. He began the season on the active roster, but was moved to the practice roster in week 4. He returned to the active roster for the team's 15th game of the season and started the last three regular season games of 2023. Osei-Kusi played in seven regular season games, starting in four, where he had three receptions for 13 yards. He became a free agent after that season.

## InfoBox

Chris Osei-Kusi
| Osei-Kusi with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in 2023 | |
| --- | --- |
| Born: | (1997-09-22) September 22, 1997
Brampton, Ontario, Canada |
| Career information | |
| CFL status | National |
| Position(s) | Wide receiver |
| Height | 6 ft 2 in (188 cm) |
| Weight | 200 lb (91 kg) |
| University | Windsor
Queen's |
| High school | Cardinal Ambrozic |
| CFL draft | 2019, round: 4, pick: 30 |
| Drafted by | Montreal Alouettes |
| Career history | |
| As player | |
| 20192021 | Montreal Alouettes* |
| 20212022 | Edmonton Elks |
| 2023 | Hamilton Tiger-Cats |
| \*Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
| Career stats | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: South Korea at the 2014 Winter Olympics

abstract: South Korea competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia from 7 to 23 February 2014. The team consisted of 71 athletes and 49 officials. This marks an increase of 25 athletes from four years prior. Originally 64 athletes were named to the team but reallocations brought the final team size to 71 athletes. South Korea left Sochi with a total of 8 medals, its lowest total at the Winter Olympics since 2002; female athletes won seven of these medals. With Pyeongchang being the host city of the 2018 Winter Olympics, a Korean segment was performed at the closing ceremony.

text:
# South Korea at the 2014 Winter Olympics

**South Korea** competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia from 7 to 23 February 2014. The team consisted of 71 athletes and 49 officials. This marks an increase of 25 athletes from four years prior. Originally 64 athletes were named to the team but reallocations brought the final team size to 71 athletes.

South Korea left Sochi with a total of 8 medals (3 gold, 3 silver, and 2 bronze), its lowest total at the Winter Olympics since 2002; female athletes won seven of these medals. With Pyeongchang being the host city of the 2018 Winter Olympics, a Korean segment was performed at the closing ceremony.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Gold | Lee Sang-hwa | Speed skating | Women's 500 metres | 11 February |
| Gold | Cho Ha-ri
Kim A-lang
Kong Sang-jeong
Park Seung-hi
Shim Suk-hee | Short track speed skating | Women's 3000 metre relay | 18 February |
| Gold | Park Seung-hi | Short track speed skating | Women's 1000 metres | 21 February |
| Silver | Shim Suk-hee | Short track speed skating | Women's 1500 metres | 15 February |
| Silver | Yuna Kim | Figure skating | Ladies' singles | 20 February |
| Silver | Joo Hyong-jun
Kim Cheol-min
Lee Seung-hoon | Speed skating | Men's team pursuit | 22 February |
| Bronze | Park Seung-hi | Short track speed skating | Women's 500 metres | 13 February |
| Bronze | Shim Suk-hee | Short track speed skating | Women's 1000 metres | 21 February |

## Alpine skiing

According to the quota allocation released on 27 January 2014, South Korea has qualified a total quota of five athletes in alpine skiing.

| Athlete | Event | Run 1 | | Run 2 | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Jung Dong-hyun | Men's giant slalom | 1:26.72 | 44 | 1:28.54 | 41 | 2:55.26 | 41 |
| | Men's slalom | DNF | | | | | |
| Kyung Sung-hyun | Men's giant slalom | 1:34.03 | 66 | 1:41.17 | 70 | 3:15.20 | 66 |
| | Men's slalom | DNF | | | | | |
| Park Je-yun | Men's giant slalom | DNF | | | | | |
| | Men's slalom | DNF | | | | | |
| Gim So-hui | Women's giant slalom | 1:31.47 | 59 | 1:30.36 | 52 | 3:01.83 | 53 |
| | Women's slalom | DNF | | | | | |
| Kang Young-seo | Women's slalom | 1:18.84 | 59 | 1:17.61 | 49 | 2:36.45 | 49 |

## Biathlon

Based on their performance at the 2012 and 2013 Biathlon World Championships South Korea qualified 1 man and 1 woman.

| Athlete | Event | Time | Misses | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Lee In-bok | Men's sprint | 28:35.9 | 1 (0+1) | 82 |
| | Men's individual | 57:29.0 | 1 (0+1+0+0) | 73 |
| Mun Ji-hee | Women's sprint | 24:32.0 | 1 (0+1) | 74 |
| | Women's individual | 54:06.7 | 3 (0+0+2+1) | 69 |

## Bobsleigh

| Athlete | Event | Run 1 | | Run 2 | | Run 3 | | Run 4 | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Kim Dong-hyun*
Jun Jung-lin | Two-man | 57.78 | 25 | 57.76 | 24 | 57.73 | 24 | Did not advance | | 2:53.27 | 25 |
| Seo Young-woo
Won Yun-jong* | | 57.41 | 18 | 57.20 | 18 | 57.58 | 21 | 57.08 | =16 | 3:49.27 | 18 |
| Jun Jung-lin
Seo Young-woo
Suk Young-jin
Won Yun-jong* | Four-man | 55.82 | 21 | 55.97 | 20 | 56.25 | 22 | 55.88 | =17 | 3:44.22 | 20 |
| Kim Dong-hyun*
Kim Kyung-hyun
Kim Sik
Oh Jea-han | | 56.98 | 30 | 56.77 | 29 | 56.89 | 29 | Did not advance | | 2:50.64 | 28 |
| Kim Sun-ok
Shin Mi-hwa | Two-woman | 1:00.09 | 19 | 1:00.02 | 18 | 1:00.44 | 18 | 1:00.26 | 18 | 4:00.81 | 18 |

* – Denotes the driver of each sled

## Cross-country skiing

According to the quota allocation released on 27 January 2014, South Korea has qualified a total quota of two athletes, each of them will compete only in classical events.

| Athlete | Event | Classical | | Freestyle | | Final | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Deficit | Rank |
| Hwang Jun-ho | Men's 15 km classical |  | | | | 44:34.8 | +6:05.1 | 68 |
| | Men's 30 km skiathlon | 41:22.6 | 67 | LAP | 68 | LAP | | 68 |
| Lee Chae-won | Women's 10 km classical |  | | | | 32:16.9 | +3:59.1 | 51 |
| | Women's 15 km skiathlon | 22:41.1 | 59 | 20:51.3 | 41 | 44:17.2 | +5:43.6 | 54 |
| | Women's 30 km freestyle |  | | | | 1:16:38.2 | +5:33.0 | 36 |

## Curling

Based on results from 2012 World Women's Curling Championship and the 2013 World Women's Curling Championship, South Korea has qualified their women's team as one of the seven highest ranked nations.

Final round robin standings
| Team | Skip | Pld | W | L | PF | PA | EW | EL | BE | SE | S% | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Canada | Jennifer Jones | 9 | 9 | 0 | 72 | 40 | 43 | 27 | 12 | 14 | 86% | Playoffs |
| Sweden | Margaretha Sigfridsson | 9 | 7 | 2 | 58 | 52 | 37 | 35 | 13 | 7 | | 80% |
| Switzerland | Mirjam Ott | 9 | 5 | 4 | 63 | 60 | 37 | 38 | 13 | 7 | | 78% |
| Great Britain | Eve Muirhead | 9 | 5 | 4 | 74 | 58 | 39 | 35 | 9 | 11 | | 80% |
| Japan | Ayumi Ogasawara | 9 | 4 | 5 | 59 | 67 | 39 | 41 | 4 | 10 | 76% |  |
| Denmark | Lene Nielsen | 9 | 4 | 5 | 57 | 56 | 34 | 40 | 12 | 9 | | 78% |
| China | Wang Bingyu | 9 | 4 | 5 | 58 | 62 | 36 | 38 | 10 | 4 | | 81% |
| South Korea | Kim Ji-sun | 9 | 3 | 6 | 60 | 65 | 35 | 37 | 10 | 6 | | 79% |
| Russia | Anna Sidorova | 9 | 3 | 6 | 48 | 56 | 33 | 35 | 19 | 6 | | 82% |
| United States | Erika Brown | 9 | 1 | 8 | 42 | 75 | 33 | 40 | 8 | 5 | | 76% |

Source:  Round-robin

South Korea has a bye in draws 1, 5 and 9.

Draw 2

*Monday, February 11, 9:00*

| Sheet D | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Final |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **South Korea (Kim)** | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | **12** |
| Japan (Ogasawara) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **7** |

Draw 3

*Tuesday, February 11, 19:00*

| Sheet B | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Final |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| South Korea (Kim) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | **6** |
| **Switzerland (Ott)** | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | **8** |

Draw 4

*Wednesday, February 12, 14:00*

| Sheet C | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Final |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| South Korea (Kim) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | X | **4** |
| **Sweden (Sigfridsson)** | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | X | **7** |

Draw 6

*Thursday, February 13, 19:00*

| Sheet B | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Final |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Russia (Sidorova) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | X | **4** |
| **South Korea (Kim)** | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | X | **8** |

Draw 7

*Friday, February 14, 14:00*

| Sheet A | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Final |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| South Korea (Kim) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | X | X | **3** |
| **China (Wang)** | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 2 | X | X | **11** |

Draw 8

*Saturday, February 15, 9:00*

| Sheet D | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Final |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Great Britain (Muirhead)** | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | **10** |
| South Korea (Kim) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | **8** |

Draw 10

*Sunday, February 16, 14:00*

| Sheet A | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Final |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Denmark (Nielsen)** | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | **7** |
| South Korea (Kim) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | **4** |

Draw 11

*Monday, February 17, 9:00*

| Sheet B | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Final |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **South Korea (Kim)** | 4 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | X | X | X | **11** |
| United States (Brown) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | X | X | X | **2** |

Draw 12

*Monday, February 17, 19:00*

| Sheet C | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Final |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Canada (Jones)** | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | X | **9** |
| South Korea (Kim) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | X | **4** |

## Figure skating

South Korea has achieved the following quota places: Three athletes were named to the team.

| Athlete | Event | SP | | FS | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
| Kim Hae-jin | Ladies' singles | 54.37 | 18 **Q** | 95.11 | 17 | 149.48 | 16 |
| **Yuna Kim** | | 74.92 | 1 **Q** | 144.19 | 2 | 219.11 |  |
| Park So-youn | | 49.14 | 23 **Q** | 93.83 | 19 | 142.97 | 21 |

## Freestyle skiing

Halfpipe

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | | | | Final | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Run 1 | Run 2 | Best | Rank | Run 1 | Run 2 | Best | Rank |
| Kim Kwang-jin | Men's halfpipe | 45.40 | 34.40 | 45.40 | 25 | Did not advance | | | |
| Park Hee-jin | Women's halfpipe | 42.40 | 20.40 | 42.40 | 21 | Did not advance | | | |

Moguls

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | | | | | | | | Final | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Run 1 | | | | Run 2 | | | | Run 1 | | | | Run 2 | | | | Run 3 | | | |
| | | Time | Points | Total | Rank | Time | Points | Total | Rank | Time | Points | Total | Rank | Time | Points | Total | Rank | Time | Points | Total | Rank |
| Choi Jae-woo | Men's moguls | 24.61 | 14.16 | 20.56 | 15 | 26.08 | 16.2 | 21.9 | 2 **Q** | 25.27 | 16.03 | 22.11 | 10 **Q** | DNF | | | | Did not advance | | | |
| Seo Jee-won | Women's moguls | 33.49 | 11.30 | 15.95 | 24 | 33.02 | 10.56 | 15.4 | 13 | Did not advance | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Seo Jung-hwa | | DNS | | | | 33.56 | 9.54 | 14.16 | 14 | Did not advance | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Luge

Based on their performance at the 2013–14 Luge World Cup, South Korea has achieved a total quota of four athletes and a spot in the mixed team relay due to allocation.

| Athlete | Event | Run 1 | | Run 2 | | Run 3 | | Run 4 | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Kim Dong-hyeon | Men's singles | 54.207 | 36 | 54.603 | 36 | 53.795 | 34 | 53.780 | 37 | 3:36.385 | 35 |
| Cho Jung-myung
Park Jin-yong | Men's doubles | 51.643 | 18 | 51.475 | 17 |  | | | | 1:43.118 | 18 |
| Sung Eun-ryung | Women's singles | 52.173 | 30 | 51.960 | 31 | 52.486 | 31 | 52.124 | 29 | 3:28.743 | 29 |
| Cho Jung-myung
Kim Dong-hyeon
Park Jin-yong
Sung Eun-ryung | Mixed team relay | 56.174 | 12 | 57.986 | 12 | 58.469 | 11 |  | | 2:52.629 | 12 |

## Short track speed skating

Based on their performance at the two World Cup events in November 2013 South Korea qualified a full team of 5 men and 5 women.

Noh Jin-kyu qualified for the team but broke his elbow on 14 January 2014 and will miss the Olympics. His replacement was named as Lee Ho-suk. Due to a conflict with or lack of support from the South Korean coaches and national short-track administrators, Ahn Hyun-soo, one of South Korea's best skaters, left the Korean team and competed for Russia in these Olympics. He defeated the Korean skaters in all four short track events and the Korean men were completely shut out of medals in these Olympics.

Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Quarterfinal | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Sin Da-woon | 1000 m | 1:25.893 | 2 **Q** | 1:24.215 | 1 **Q** | 1:25.564 | 2 **FA** | PEN | 7 |
| | 1500 m | 2:15.530 | 1 **Q** |  | | 2:52.061 | 4 **FB** | 2:22.066 | 10 |
| Lee Han-bin | 500 m | 41.982 | 2 **Q** | 41.471 | 3 | Did not advance | | | 11 |
| | 1000 m | 1:26.502 | 1 **Q** | 1:24.444 | 1 **Q** | PEN | | Did not advance | 8 |
| | 1500 m | 2:16.412 | 1 **Q** |  | | 3:11.810 | 5 **AA** | 2:16.466 | 6 |
| Park Se-yeong | 500 m | 41.566 | 1 **Q** | PEN | | Did not advance | | | 14 |
| | 1500 m | 2:21.087 | 3 **Q** |  | | 2:16.241 | 3 **FB** | PEN | 13 |
| Lee Han-bin
Lee Ho-suk
Kim Yun-jae
Park Se-yeong
Sin Da-woon | 5000 m relay |  | | | | 6:48.206 | 3 **FB** | 6:43.921 | 7 |

Women

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Quarterfinal | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Cho Ha-ri | 1500 m | 2:27.629 | 1 **Q** |  | | PEN | | Did not advance | 19 |
| Kim A-lang | 500 m | 43.919 | 2 **Q** | 43.673 | 3 | Did not advance | | | 10 |
| | 1000 m | 1:31.640 | 1 **Q** | 1:32.154 | 3 | Did not advance | | | 10 |
| | 1500 m | 2:22.864 | 2 **Q** |  | | 2:22.928 | 2 **FA** | PEN | 13 |
| **Park Seung-hi** | 500 m | 44.18 | 1 **Q** | 43.392 | 1 **Q** | 43.611 | 1 **FA** | 54.207 |  |
| | 1000 m | 1:31.883 | 1 **Q** | 1:30.801 | 2 **Q** | 1:30.182 | 1 **FA** | 1:30.761 |  |
| **Shim Suk-hee** | 500 m | 44.197 | 2 **Q** | 43.572 | 4 | Did not advance | | | 14 |
| | 1000 m | 1:31.046 | 1 **Q** | 1:29.356 | 1 **Q** | 1:31.237 | 1 **FA** | 1:31.027 |  |
| | 1500 m | 2:24.765 | 1 **Q** |  | | 2:18.966 | 2 **FA** | 2:19.239 |  |
| **Cho Ha-ri
Kim A-lang
Kong Sang-jeong
Park Seung-hi
Shim Suk-hee** | 3000 m relay |  | | | | 4:08.052 | 1 **FA** | 4:09.498 |  |

Qualification legend: **ADV** – Advanced due to being impeded by another skater; **FA** – Qualify to medal round; **FB** – Qualify to consolation round; **AA** – Advance to medal round due to being impeded by another skater

## Skeleton

South Korea has qualified two spots in the men's event for the first time in history on its fourth consecutive Olympics.

| Athlete | Event | Run 1 | | Run 2 | | Run 3 | | Run 4 | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Lee Han-sin | Men's | 58.41 | 25 | 58.12 | 22 | 58.64 | 24 | Did not advance | | 2:55.17 | 24 |
| Yun Sung-bin | | 57.54 | 15 | 57.02 | 9 | 57.90 | 20 | 57.11 | 15 | 3:49.57 | 16 |

## Ski jumping

South Korea has received the following start quotas:

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | | | First round | | | Final | | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Distance | Points | Rank | Distance | Points | Rank | Distance | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
| Choi Heung-chul | Men's normal hill | 90.0 | 105.9 | 34 **Q** | 95.0 | 109.1 | 42 | Did not advance | | | | |
| | Men's large hill | 116.0 | 88.6 | 37 **Q** | 121.5 | 99.0 | 44 | Did not advance | | | | |
| Choi Seo-woo | Men's normal hill | 96.5 | 113.7 | 18 **Q** | 95.0 | 116.2 | 33 | Did not advance | | | | |
| | Men's large hill | 117.0 | 97.7 | 29 **Q** | 122.0 | 106.4 | 39 | Did not advance | | | | |
| Kang Chil-ku | Men's normal hill | 89.0 | 99.3 | 42 | Did not advance | | | | | | | |
| | Men's large hill | 104.5 | 78.8 | 45 | Did not advance | | | | | | | |
| Kim Hyun-ki | Men's normal hill | 96.0 | 114.4 | 16 **Q** | 92.5 | 109.2 | 41 | Did not advance | | | | |
| | Men's large hill | 111.0 | 80.3 | 44 | Did not advance | | | | | | | |
| Choi Heung-chul
Choi Seo-woo
Kang Chil-ku
Kim Hyun-ki | Men's team large hill |  | | | 476.5 | 402.0 | 11 | Did not advance | | | | |

## Snowboarding

Alpine

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | | Round of 16 | Quarterfinal | Semifinal | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Opposition
Time | Opposition
Time | Opposition
Time | Opposition
Time | Rank |
| Kim Sang-kyum | Men's giant slalom | 1:40.27 | 17 | Did not advance | | | | |
| | Men's slalom | 1:02.35 | 26 | Did not advance | | | | |
| Shin Bong-shik | Men's giant slalom | 1:43.43 | 26 | Did not advance | | | | |
| | Men's slalom | 1:00.32 | 23 | Did not advance | | | | |

Freestyle

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | | | | Semifinal | | | | Final | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Run 1 | Run 2 | Best | Rank | Run 1 | Run 2 | Best | Rank | Run 1 | Run 2 | Best | Rank |
| Kim Ho-jun | Men's halfpipe | 61.75 | 20.00 | 61.75 | 14 | Did not advance | | | | | | | |
| Lee Kwang-ki | | 27.00 | 69.50 | 69.50 | 11 | Did not advance | | | | | | | |

Qualification Legend: **QF** – Qualify directly to final; **QS** – Qualify to semifinal

## Speed skating

Based on the results from the fall World Cups during the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup season, South Korea has earned the following start quotas:

On 11 February 2014, Lee Sang-hwa won the gold medal for the women's 500m longtrack speedskating race, having previously won the one at the 2010 Games. She became the first woman since Catriona Le May Doan at the 2002 Games to defend her gold at the event. She became the third woman to win back-to-back golds at the 500m, and hence the first Korean woman to do so.

Men

| Athlete | Event | Race 1 | | Race 2 | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Joo Hyong-jun | 1500 m |  | | | | 1:48.59 | 29 |
| Kim Cheol-min | 5000 m |  | | | | 6:37.28 | 24 |
| Kim Jun-ho | 500 m | 35.43 | 25 | 35.42 | 21 | 70.85 | 21 |
| Kim Tae-yun | 1000 m |  | | | | 1:10.81 | 30 |
| Lee Kang-seok | 500 m | 35.45 | 26 | 35.42 | 22 | 70.87 | 22 |
| Lee Kyou-hyuk | 500 m | 35.16 | 12 | 35.48 | 23 | 70.65 | 18 |
| | 1000 m |  | | | | 1:10.04 | 21 |
| Lee Seung-hoon | 5000 m |  | | | | 6:25.61 | 12 |
| | 10000 m |  | | | | 13:11.68 | 4 |
| Mo Tae-bum | 500 m | 34.84 | 4 | 34.84 | 5 | 69.68 | 4 |
| | 1000 m |  | | | | 1:09.37 | 12 |

Women

| Athlete | Event | Race 1 | | Race 2 | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Kim Bo-reum | 1500 m |  | | | | 1:59.78 | 21 |
| | 3000 m |  | | | | 4:12.08 | 13 |
| Kim Hyun-yung | 500 m | 39.19 | 24 | 39.04 | 24 | 78.23 | 24 |
| | 1000 m |  | | | | 1:18.10 | 28 |
| Lee Bo-ra | 500 m | 38.93 | 20 | 38.82 | 21 | 77.75 | 20 |
| | 1000 m |  | | | | 1:57.49 | 35 |
| **Lee Sang-hwa** | 500 m | 37.42 | 1 | 37.28 | 1 | 74.70 **OR** |  |
| | 1000 m |  | | | | 1:15.94 | 12 |
| Noh Seon-yeong | 1500 m |  | | | | 2:01.07 | 29 |
| | 3000 m |  | | | | 4:19.02 | 25 |
| Park Seung-ju | 500 m | 39.207 | 26 | 39.11 | 26 | 78.31 | 26 |
| | 1000 m |  | | | | 1:18.94 | 31 |
| Yang Shin-young | 1500 m |  | | | | 2:04.13 | 36 |
| | 3000 m |  | | | | 4:23.67 | 27 |

Team pursuit

| Athlete | Event | Quarterfinal | Semifinal | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition
Time | Opposition
Time | Opposition
Time | Rank |
| **Joo Hyong-jun
Kim Cheol-min
Lee Seung-hoon** | Men's team pursuit | Russia (RUS)
**W** 3:40.84 | Canada (CAN)
**W** 3:42.32 | *Final A*
Netherlands (NED)
**L** 3:40.85 |  |
| Kim Bo-reum
Noh Seon-yeong
Yang Shin-young | Women's team pursuit | Japan (JPN)
**L** 3:05.28 | Did not advance | *Final D*
Norway (NOR)
**L** 3:11.54 | 8 |

## InfoBox

| South Korea at the
2014 Winter Olympics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| IOC code | KOR |
| NOC | Korean Olympic Committee |
| Website | www.sports.or.kr (in Korean and English) |
| in Sochi | |
| Competitors | **71** in 13 sports |
| Flag bearers | Lee Kyou-hyuk (opening
and closing) |
| Medals
Ranked 13th | Gold 3 Silver 3 Bronze 2 Total 8 |
| Winter Olympics appearances (overview) | |
|  | |
| Other related appearances | |
| Korea (2018) | |


title: Chris Terrill (executive)

abstract: Chris Terrill is an American businessman and former chief executive officer of ANGI Homeservices.

text:
# Chris Terrill (executive)

**Chris Terrill** (born 1967) is an American businessman and former chief executive officer of ANGI Homeservices.

## Career

Terrill began his career in the mid-1990s at QZARInc., owners of the Laser Tag entertainment center chain. In 1998, Q-Zar filed for Chapter 7 liquidation under the U.S. Bankruptcy code.

In 1999, Terrill joined online dating service Match.com, where he served as director of marketing and vice president of new brands and verticals, among other senior positions. While at Match, Terrill launched Chemistry.com, a new dating website. In 2005, Terrill left Match.com for Blockbuster.com to become vice president of product and marketing. Terrill joined Nutrisystem in 2007, serving first as Senior Vice President of E-Commerce. He was promoted to Chief Marketing Officer in 2009.

In 2011, Terrill became the chief executive officer of ServiceMagic (now HomeAdvisor), a website that listed pre-screened and customer-rated service professionals. In 2017, IAC’s HomeAdvisor and Angie’s List merged into a new publicly-traded company, called ANGI Homeservices Inc., with Terrill becoming CEO of the new company.

Terrill sits on the Board of Advisors for Denver’s Quarterly Forum, a nonpartisan membership organization that promotes professional growth and civic engagement through annual events. In 2016, Denver Business Journal named Terrill winner of the 2016 Power Book Award for telecom, technology and aerospace. Terril stepped down as the CEO of ANGI in November 2018.

## InfoBox

| Chris Terrill | |
| --- | --- |
| Chris Terrill, ANGI Homeservices CEO | |
| Born | 1967<br>Dallas, Texas |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | University of Texas, University of Houston (MBA) |


title: Christophia ectypella

abstract: Christophia ectypella is a species of snout moth in the genus Christophia. It was described by Ragonot in 1888. It is found in Russia.

text:
# Christophia ectypella

***Christophia ectypella*** is a species of snout moth in the genus *Christophia*. It was described by Ragonot in 1888. It is found in Russia.

## InfoBox

| *Christophia ectypella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Christophia* |
| Species: | ***C. ectypella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Christophia ectypella***<br>(Ragonot, 1888) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Centrometopia ectypella* Ragonot, 1888 | |


title: Christian Galliard de Lavernée

abstract: Christian Galliard de Lavernée, born 2 May 1950 in Lyon, Rhône, is a French civil servant.

text:
# Christian Galliard de Lavernée

**Christian Galliard de Lavernée**, born 2 May 1950 in Lyon, Rhône, is a French civil servant.

## Career

* (in French) « **Lavernée**, **Christian**, Marie, Astorgue **Galliard de** » (prefect, born 1950), page 1303 in *Who's Who in France* : Dictionnaire biographique de personnalités françaises vivant en France et à l’étranger, et de personnalités étrangères résidant en France, 44th edition for 2013 printed in 2012, 2371 p., 31 cm, ISBN 978-2-85784-053-4 .
* (in French) http://www.whoswho.fr/bio/christian-de-lavernee\_36116 : *Who's Who in France* on line (access restricted : fees).
* (in French) Family « Gaillard de Lavernée », page 89 *in* Régis Valette, *Catalogue de la noblesse française au XXIe siècle*, augmenté du *Catalogue provincial sous Louis XVI et au XIXe siècle*, Éditions Robert Laffont, Paris, 2007, 414 pages, ISBN 978-2-221-10875-8 .

## InfoBox

| Christian Galliard de Lavernée | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1950-05-02)2 May 1950<br>Lyon, Rhône, Rhône-Alpes, France |
| Occupation | French prefect |


title: South Trenton, New Jersey

abstract: South Trenton is a neighborhood located within the city of Trenton in Mercer County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is home to Italian Americans, Latin Americans, Irish Americans and their descendants. South Trenton borders Hamilton Township to the southeast and the Delaware River to the west. It had a brief existence as an independent municipality from 1840 to 1851. South Trenton was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 28, 1840, from portions of Nottingham Township. The borough was annexed by Trenton on April 14, 1851. South Trenton is home to Trenton's Chambersburg neighborhood also known as The 'Burg'. Its population includes a large immigrant community from Poland, Slovakia, Ireland, Hungary, Ukraine, and Germany, though eventually mostly Italian immigrants and their offspring came to dominate the neighborhood, and it has since been known for its Italian-American population. It is also known for being the Restaurant District of Trenton with many of the restaurants in the neighborhood specializing in Italian cuisine. Chambersburg also hosts the annual Italian celebration called the Feast of Madonna or the Feast of Lights, further reflecting its cultural and religious roots. In recent years, South Trenton has been experiencing a sharp rise in residents from Latin America, especially Puerto Rico. There are still large concentrations of Puerto Ricans in South Trenton. More recently, Guatemalan, Costa Rican, and Ecuadorian immigrants have come to the neighborhood. Many have set up new stores and businesses alongside Italian-Americans. Today, South Broad St. in South Trenton is home to Trenton's largest population of Latinos.

text:
# South Trenton, New Jersey

**South Trenton** is a neighborhood located within the city of Trenton in Mercer County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is home to Italian Americans, Latin Americans, Irish Americans and their descendants. South Trenton borders Hamilton Township to the southeast and the Delaware River to the west. It had a brief existence as an independent municipality from 1840 to 1851.

South Trenton was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 28, 1840, from portions of Nottingham Township. The borough was annexed by Trenton on April 14, 1851.

South Trenton is home to Trenton's Chambersburg neighborhood also known as The 'Burg'. Its population includes a large immigrant community from Poland, Slovakia, Ireland, Hungary, Ukraine, and Germany, though eventually mostly Italian immigrants and their offspring came to dominate the neighborhood, and it has since been known for its Italian-American population. It is also known for being the Restaurant District of Trenton with many of the restaurants in the neighborhood specializing in Italian cuisine. Chambersburg also hosts the annual Italian celebration called the Feast of Madonna or the Feast of Lights, further reflecting its cultural and religious roots. In recent years, South Trenton has been experiencing a sharp rise in residents from Latin America, especially Puerto Rico. There are still large concentrations of Puerto Ricans in South Trenton. More recently, Guatemalan, Costa Rican, and Ecuadorian immigrants have come to the neighborhood. Many have set up new stores and businesses alongside Italian-Americans. Today, South Broad St. in South Trenton is home to Trenton's largest population of Latinos.

## Landmarks

Landmarks in South Trenton include the First Baptist Church of Trenton located at the corner of Centre and Bridge Street which was founded in 1805. The Sun National Bank Center was completed in 1999 and hosts hundreds of events per year from hockey games to musical concerts to job fairs as well as the very popular PrimeTime Shootout showcasing some of the nation's best talent in high school basketball. The 2003 PrimeTime Shootout was the site of the highest-scoring game of LeBron James' high school career. It is located at the corner of South Broad St. and Hamilton Ave. The Trenton Thunder's stadium, Arm & Hammer Park, is located at the end of Cass Street (nicknamed "Thunder Road"). It is the Class AA-affiliate of the New York Yankees (formerly the Detroit Tigers and the Boston Red Sox) and counts Tony Clark, Carl Pavano, Trot Nixon, Nomar Garciaparra, David Eckstein, Dioner Navarro, Chen Ming-Wing, Phil Hughes, Robinson Cano, Melky Cabrera, Joba Chamberlain, Ian Kennedy, Bret Saberhagen, Derek Jeter, Bernie Williams, and Roger Clemens (the latter four as injury rehabs). There were two other Trenton minor league teams: the Trenton Senators and the Trenton Giants. The Trenton Giants once had Willie Mays (see Say Hey: The Autobiography of Willie Mays, by Willie Mays with Lou Sahadi, copyright 1988, starting at p. 46) among its former players. The New Jersey State Prison (NJSP) is also located in South Trenton mainly along 2nd St. and has a mural dedicated to the Trenton Thunder along its side that faces Thunder Road.

Another very famous landmark of South Trenton and Chambersburg is the famed and renowned Italian Peoples Bakery. Known as the "Pride of Chambersburg", it has served the neighborhood bread and Italian baked goods for over 80 years. It is still owned and operated by descendants of the same family that started the business in 1936. They now have several locations in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, but their main location is in the Heart of Chambersburg at 61-63 Butler Street, near the Italian Banquet Hall Roman Hall, and near St Joachims Catholic Church and many other Chambersburg businesses.

## History

In April 1828, all South Trenton from the Assunpink southward was included in Nottingham Township. Trenton was considered the section north of the creek. Nottingham was divided, however, on April 11, 1842, the territory set off being thenceforth known as Hamilton Township.

In 1831, John A. Roebling migrated from Germany, moving to Trenton in about 1848, when he purchased some acres of land on South Broad Street where his new wire plant would be located.

In 1851, South Trenton was annexed as part of Trenton. This also included the areas of Mill Hill and Bloomsbury. 5 years later, the part of Hamilton known as Lamberton was annexed as well. Mill Hill was the sight of some of the earliest known industrial development in Trenton. Residents were mostly working and middle class: industrial workers, clerks, shopkeepers, teachers and government workers. Mill Hill grew rapidly in the second half of the nineteenth century, with some decline toward the end of the century. An analysis of households based on city directories of this period charts the composition of the neighborhood.

Many people consider Chambersburg part of South Trenton and call the area of the Streets of Lamberton, Cass, and Centre as "The Bottom" because of its urban area and the rise in crime along these streets.

## InfoBox

| South Trenton | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighborhood of Trenton | |
| Second Street in South Trenton | |
| South TrentonLocation of South Trenton in Mercer County Inset: Location of county within the state of New JerseySouth TrentonSouth Trenton (New Jersey)South TrentonSouth Trenton (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 40°11′59″N 74°45′20″W / 40.19972°N 74.75556°W / 40.19972; -74.75556 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New Jersey |
| County | Mercer |
| City | Trenton |


title: Christie Fuller

abstract: Christie Fuller was an Australian singer of the late Victorian period. She performed professionally in Melbourne and internationally. She was sister to artist Florence Fuller and singer Amy Fuller. Louisa Christie Fuller was the second daughter of John Hobson Fuller and Louisa Fuller. She was a contralto. In 1886 she travelled to England to study, before returning to Melbourne the following year, where she subsequently performed professionally. Newspaper notices indicate that she performed publicly with her sister Amy on some occasions, including in Sydney in 1898 and in Perth in 1910. Fuller toured and performed in London and South Africa, as well as across Australia. In Melbourne on 14 August 1890 she married Charles Carey Lance, and after living in Euroa, Victoria and northern New South Wales, the family settled in Sydney. They had two sons, Arnold, born 1892, Francis, born 1893, and a daughter, Sylvia, born 1895, who - under her married name Sylvia Harper, or Mrs. R Harper - became a tennis player who competed internationally representing Australia. Charles and Christie Lance were living in Strathfield, New South Wales when she died in August 1933.

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# Christie Fuller

**Christie Fuller** (died 15 August 1933) was an Australian singer of the late Victorian period. She performed professionally in Melbourne and internationally. She was sister to artist Florence Fuller and singer Amy Fuller.

Louisa Christie Fuller was the second daughter of John Hobson Fuller and Louisa Fuller (née Vines). She was a contralto. In 1886 she travelled to England to study, before returning to Melbourne the following year, where she subsequently performed professionally. Newspaper notices indicate that she performed publicly with her sister Amy on some occasions, including in Sydney in 1898 and in Perth in 1910. Fuller toured and performed in London and South Africa, as well as across Australia.

In Melbourne on 14 August 1890 she married Charles Carey Lance, and after living in Euroa, Victoria and northern New South Wales, the family settled in Sydney. They had two sons, Arnold, born 1892, Francis, born 1893, and a daughter, Sylvia, born 1895, who - under her married name Sylvia Harper, or Mrs. R Harper - became a tennis player who competed internationally representing Australia.

Charles and Christie Lance were living in Strathfield, New South Wales when she died in August 1933.

## InfoBox

| Christie Fuller | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Louisa Christie Fuller |
| Died | (1933-08-15)August 15, 1933<br>Strathfield, Australia |
| Occupation | Singer |
| Relatives | Florence Fuller (sister), Amy Fuller (sister), Sylvia Harper (daughter) |
| Christie Fuller  Origin Australia | |


title: Christine Papali'i

abstract: Christine Papali'i is a former New Zealand rugby union player. She played for the Black Ferns and Auckland. She made her debut for New Zealand against the California Grizzlies at Christchurch on 22 July 1989. Papali'i featured at RugbyFest 1990 against the Netherlands, the United States and a World XV. She also played club rugby for Ponsonby.

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# Christine Papali'i

**Christine Papali'i** (born 30 July 1962) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. She played for the Black Ferns and Auckland. She made her debut for New Zealand against the California Grizzlies at Christchurch on 22 July 1989.

Papali'i featured at RugbyFest 1990 against the Netherlands, the United States and a World XV. She also played club rugby for Ponsonby.

## Personal life

Papali'i is the mother of Phoenix Karaka who plays for the Silver Ferns.

## InfoBox

Christine Papali'i
| Date of birth | (1962-07-30) 30 July 1962 |
| --- | --- |
| Place of birth | Auckland, New Zealand |
| Height | 1.7 m (5 ft 7 in) |
| Rugby union career | |
| Provincial / State sides  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  Auckland   ()  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1989–1992  New Zealand  5  (0) | |


title: South African Class H1 4-8-2T

abstract: The South African Railways Class H1 4-8-2T of 1903 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in Transvaal. In 1902, towards the end of the Second Boer War, the Imperial Military Railways placed 35 4-10-2 tank locomotives in service, built to the specifications of the Reid Tenwheeler of the Natal Government Railways. At the end of the war, these locomotives came onto the roster of the Central South African Railways and were designated its Class E. Six of these locomotives were then converted to 4-8-2 tank locomotives. In 1912, after the establishment of the South African Railways, the five survivors of these six were designated Class H1.

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# South African Class H1 4-8-2T

The **South African Railways Class H1 4-8-2T** of 1903 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in Transvaal.

In 1902, towards the end of the Second Boer War, the Imperial Military Railways placed 35 4-10-2 tank locomotives in service, built to the specifications of the Reid Tenwheeler of the Natal Government Railways. At the end of the war, these locomotives came onto the roster of the Central South African Railways and were designated its Class E. Six of these locomotives were then converted to 4-8-2 tank locomotives. In 1912, after the establishment of the South African Railways, the five survivors of these six were designated Class H1.

## Origin

The requirement for a tank locomotive which could haul at least one-and-a-half times as much as a Dübs A 4-8-2T locomotive on the Natal Government Railways (NGR) mainline, resulted in the design of a 4-10-2 tank locomotive by G.W. Reid, the Locomotive Superintendent of the NGR at the end of the 19th century. On the NGR, the locomotive type became known as the Reid Tenwheeler, later designated the NGR Class C 4-10-2T.

## Manufacturers

In 1902, during the Second Boer War, the Imperial Military Railways (IMR) of the invading British forces experienced a shortage of locomotives as a result of damage caused during hostilities and the transportation demands which were placed on the Railways by the British Military.

Lieutenant-Colonel E.P.C. Girouard KCMG DSO of the Royal Engineers, the Commissioner of Railways for the Transvaal and Orange River Colony, therefore placed urgent orders for 35 locomotives of the NGR's Reid Tenwheeler type. To ensure rapid delivery, the order was split between Dübs and Company, who built engine numbers 220 to 234, and Neilson, Reid and Company, who built numbers 235 to 254.

## Service

### Imperial Military Railways

Compared to the NGR versions, the IMR locomotives were more ornate. In true military tradition, the steam domes, chimney caps and boiler bands were of polished brass. A weatherboard was affixed to the coal bunker to offer better protection to the crew when travelling bunker forward.

The practice of polished brasswork was followed on all new IMR locomotives and was continued even after the war, when the IMR became the Central South African Railways (CSAR).

### Central South African Railways

At the end of the war, these Reid Tenwheeler locomotives were designated Class E on the CSAR roster.

Six of the Class E locomotives, CSAR numbers 222, 233-235, 245 and 252, were converted to 4-8-2T Mountain type locomotives c. 1903 by removing the fifth pair of coupled wheels and blanking off the resulting opening in the frame. The same modification was also done by the NGR on some of its own Reid Tenwheelers to make them more suitable for yard work.

### South African Railways

When the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (Cape Government Railways, NGR and CSAR) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways were only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.

In SAR service, the five survivors of these CSAR 4-8-2 tank locomotives were designated Class H1. The locomotives were used extensively for shunting work in several parts of the country. The Class H1 had a long service life and the last of the Class was only withdrawn from service in 1966.

## Works numbers

The builders, works numbers, rebuilding and renumbering of all 35 original 4-10-2T locomotives are listed in the table.

## InfoBox

| CSAR Class E 4-8-2T
South African Class H1 4-8-2T | |
| --- | --- |
| CSAR Modified Class E no. 245,
SAR Class H1 no. 225, c. 1912 | |
| Type and origin  Power type Steam  Designer Natal Government Railways
(G.W. Reid)  Builder Dübs and Company
Neilson, Reid and Company
Central South African Railways  Serial number Dübs 4088, 4099, 4100
Neilson, Reid 6196, 6206, 6213  Model Converted Reid Tenwheeler  Build date c. 1903  Total produced 6 | |
| Specifications  Configuration:
   Whyte 4-8-2T (Mountain)  UIC 2'D1'n2t  Driver 2nd coupled axle  Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge  Leading dia. 25+34 in (654 mm)  Coupled dia. 45 in (1,143 mm)  Trailing dia. 25+34 in (654 mm)  Wheelbase:   Engine 30 ft 6 in (9,296 mm)  Leading 5 ft 4 in (1,626 mm)  Coupled 12 ft 6 in (3,810 mm)  Length:
   Over couplers 37 ft 6 in (11,430 mm)  Height 12 ft 6 in (3,810 mm)  Axle load 13 LT (13,210 kg)   Leading 10 LT 4 cwt 2 qtr (10,390 kg)  Coupled 13 LT (13,210 kg)  Trailing 6 LT (6,096 kg)  Adhesive weight 52 LT (52,830 kg)  Loco weight 68 LT (69,090 kg)  Fuel type Coal  Fuel capacity 4 LT (4.1 t)  Water cap. 1,880 imp gal (8,550 L)  Firebox:   Type Round-top  Grate area 21 sq ft (2.0 m2)  Boiler:
   Pitch 6 ft 10 in (2,083 mm)  Diameter 4 ft 7+78 in (1,419 mm)  Tube plates 10 ft 4 in (3,150 mm)  Small tubes **287:** 1+34 in (44 mm)  Boiler pressure 175 psi (1,207 kPa)  Safety valve Ramsbottom  Heating surface:   Firebox 135 sq ft (12.5 m2)  Tubes 1,359 sq ft (126.3 m2)  Total surface 1,494 sq ft (138.8 m2)  Cylinders Two  Cylinder size 19 in (483 mm) bore
27 in (686 mm) stroke  Valve gear Allan  Couplers Johnston link-and-pin
AAR knuckle (1930s) | |
| Performance figures  Tractive effort 28,430 lbf (126.5 kN) @ 75% | |
| Career  Operators Imperial Military Railways
Central South African Railways
South African Railways  Class CSAR Class E, SAR Class H1  Number in class 6  Numbers CSAR 222, 233, 235, 245, 252
SAR 222–226  Nicknames *Converted Reid*  Delivered c. 1903  First run c. 1903  Withdrawn 1966 | |
| The leading coupled axle had flangeless wheels | |


title: South African Class GG 2-6-2+2-6-2

abstract: The South African Railways Class GG 2-6-2+2-6-2 of 1925 was an articulated steam locomotive. In 1925, the South African Railways placed a single Class GG Garratt articulated steam locomotive with a 2-6-2+2-6-2 Double Prairie type wheel arrangement in fast mainline passenger service.

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# South African Class GG 2-6-2+2-6-2

The **South African Railways Class GG 2-6-2+2-6-2** of 1925 was an articulated steam locomotive.

In 1925, the South African Railways placed a single Class GG Garratt articulated steam locomotive with a 2-6-2+2-6-2 Double Prairie type wheel arrangement in fast mainline passenger service.

## Manufacturers

The Class GG 2-6-2+2-6-2 Double Prairie type Garratt locomotive was a development of the Class GB. It was designed for the South African Railways (SAR) with large coupled wheels for fast passenger service on mainline duties. A single locomotive, no. 2290, was delivered from Beyer, Peacock and Company in 1925. It was superheated, with a plate frame, a Belpaire firebox and Walschaerts valve gear. The Class GG was the only Garratt locomotive on the SAR that was intended primarily for passenger working.

## Characteristics

At 57 inches (1,448 millimetres) diameter, the Class GG had the largest coupled wheels yet seen on a Garratt locomotive in South Africa. An innovation was a coal pusher at the back of the coal bunker, designed to ease the work of the fireman by pushing the coal forward to the front of the bunker when required. It was the only instance of this appliance being used on any SAR locomotive.

To keep costs down, the cylinders were not enlarged to compensate for the increased wheel diameter. As a result, the locomotive's tractive effort was inferior to that of the Class 15CA which was introduced on the same line between Touws River and De Aar a year later.

The locomotive was capable of speeds of 57 miles per hour (92 kilometres per hour), but it was found to be unsteady at high speed due to the absence of a leading bogie on each engine unit. It could handle a load of 1,245 long tons (1,265 tonnes) on 1 in 80 (1¼%) gradients and hauled 340 long tons (345 tonnes) up the 15 miles (24 kilometres) of 1 in 40 (2½%) gradient of the Hex River Railpass in sixty-two minutes without the help of the usual banking locomotive.

## Service

It was initially placed in service at Touws River and employed to work the *Union Limited* and *Union Express* fast passenger trains south of De Aar, but because of its unsteadiness at speed it was taken off fast passenger traffic and demoted to ordinary passenger and goods train working out of Cape Town. No more Class GG locomotives were ordered and since it was a non-standard locomotive, it was staged by 1938 and scrapped in 1947.

## Illustration

## InfoBox

| South African Class GG 2-6-2+2-6-2 | |
| --- | --- |
| GG no. 2290 at Cape Town, c. 1930 | |
| Type and origin  Power type Steam  Designer Beyer, Peacock and Company  Builder Beyer, Peacock and Company  Serial number 6232  Model Class GG  Build date 1925  Total produced 1 | |
| Specifications  Configuration:
   Whyte 2-6-2+2-6-2 (Double Prairie)  UIC 1'C1'+1'C1'h4  Driver 3rd & 4th coupled axles  Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge  Leading dia. 30 in (762 mm)  Coupled dia. 57 in (1,448 mm)  Trailing dia. 30 in (762 mm)  Wheelbase 67 ft 4 in (20,523 mm)   Engine 21 ft 4+12 in (6,515 mm) each  Coupled 10 ft (3,048 mm) each  Pivot centres 35 ft 4 in (10,770 mm)  Length:
   Over couplers 74 ft 2+34 in (22,625 mm)  Height 12 ft 11+716 in (3,948 mm)  Frame type Plate  Axle load 16 LT 4 cwt (16,460 kg)   Leading 13 LT 13 cwt (13,870 kg) front
14 LT 5 cwt (14,480 kg) rear  1st coupled 15 LT 3 cwt (15,390 kg)  2nd coupled 15 LT 14 cwt (15,950 kg)  3rd coupled 15 LT 15 cwt (16,000 kg)  4th coupled 16 LT 4 cwt (16,460 kg)  5th coupled 15 LT 19 cwt (16,210 kg)  6th coupled 15 LT 15 cwt (16,000 kg)  Trailing 12 LT 12 cwt (12,800 kg) front
12 LT 5 cwt (12,450 kg) rear  Adhesive weight 94 LT 10 cwt (96,020 kg)  Loco weight 147 LT 15 cwt (150,100 kg)  Fuel type Coal  Fuel capacity 10 LT (10.2 t)  Water cap. 3,500 imp gal (15,900 L) front
1,100 imp gal (5,000 L) rear  Firebox:   Type Belpaire  Grate area 52 sq ft (4.8 m2)  Boiler:
   Pitch 7 ft 9 in (2,362 mm)  Diameter 6 ft 9 in (2,057 mm)  Tube plates 11 ft 8+58 in (3,572 mm)  Small tubes **288:** 2 in (51 mm)  Large tubes **36:** 5+12 in (140 mm)  Boiler pressure 180 psi (1,241 kPa)  Safety valve Ramsbottom  Heating surface:   Firebox 215 sq ft (20.0 m2)  Tubes 2,374 sq ft (220.6 m2)  Total surface 2,589 sq ft (240.5 m2)  Superheater:
   Heating area 362 sq ft (33.6 m2)  Cylinders Four  Cylinder size 18 in (457 mm) bore
26 in (660 mm) stroke  Valve gear Walschaerts  Valve type Piston  Couplers Johnston link-and-pin | |
| Performance figures  Maximum speed 57 mph (92 km/h)  Tractive effort 39,900 lbf (177 kN) @ 75% | |
| Career  Operators South African Railways  Class Class GG  Number in class 1  Numbers 2290  Delivered 1925  First run 1925  Withdrawn 1938  Scrapped 1947 | |