title: Chance 32/28

abstract: The Chance 32/28 is a Canadian and French sailboat, that was designed by naval architect Britton Chance Jr. and first built in 1972.

text:
# Chance 32/28

The **Chance 32/28** (also called the **Chance 32**) is a Canadian and French sailboat, that was designed by naval architect Britton Chance Jr. and first built in 1972.

## Production

The boat was built by Paceship Yachts in Mahone Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada between 1972 and 1974, with 41 boats produced, and also by Chantier Henri Wanquiez, France, between 1973 and 1976, with 20 boats built and Alexander Robertson & Sons of Sanbank, Scotland (finishing), but it is now out of production.

## Design

The Paceship Chance 32/28 (Chance 32) is a small recreational keelboat. It has a masthead sloop rig, a skeg-hung rudder, and a fixed fin keel. The boat has a draft of 5.75 ft (1.75 m). It displaces 12,025 lb (5,454 kg) and carries 4,680 lb (2,123 kg) of lead ballast. The Chance 32/28 has a theoretical hull speed of 7.06 kn (13.08 km/h).

### Hull

Built predominantly of hand-laid up fiberglass with unidirectional roving used throughout the laminate. The hull is further strengthened by the use of a grid system of unidirectional roving bonded to the hull. A cast lead keel is secured to the hull by 15 stainless steel bolts. The boat was designed for IOR 3/4 ton competition.

### Deck

The deck is a modified blister type with molded in non-skid on all working areas. The deck is laid up with unidirectional roving together with mat and woven roving over balsa core. Aluminum plates are molded in under all winch and track positions for adding, removing, or altering deck hardware. Stowage areas in cockpit lockers.

#### Deck hardware

Hull and deck are joined by a silver anodized aluminum perforated toe rail. Head sail control is managed by recessed anodized aluminum tracks with stainless steel cars, baby stay track and slider, and two Number 24 Barlow Genoa sheet winches, clam cleats and stainless steel cleats and fairleads. One Number 20 Barlow winch is used for the jib halyard. Mainsail control uses a Seaboard ball bearing main sheet traveller. There is a welded anodized aluminum bow fitting with two cunningham sheaves, and three removable pins for two separate jib tack positions. The boat has bow and stern pulpits made of stainless steel, with double life lines and gates. Two goiot hatches and a spray shield are designed into the deck.

#### Spars and rigging

Spar, boom, spinnaker pole and reaching strut are built by Procter and are silver anodized aluminum. The mainsail clew out haul and jiffy reefing are contained internal in the boom. All standing rigging is 6 x 19 stainless steel, as well as all turnbuckles and toggles.

#### Racing package

A racing package was optional with a Proctor tapered anodized aluminum spar with two wire jib halyards, two spinnaker halyards, one wire main halyard, and a wire pole lift all internal. Also included were airfoil spreaders, a spinnaker pole and reaching strut, three Number 20 Barlow winches, one Number 24 Barlow halyard winch, one Number 14 Barlow auxiliary winch, one Number 4 Barlow main sheet winch. All winches also have cleats. The racing package also added eight additional recessed tracks and cars, two additional sets of genoa sheets, one additional set of spinnaker sheets, four additional snatch blocks, one Omni compass, boomvang, folding propeller The boat is available with wheel steering or tiller.

### Engine and tanks

The standard engine is a 30 hp Universal Atomic 4 gas engine with morse controls and instrument panel, with engine room blower and intake vent to USCG and DOT standards. There is a 34 US gal (130 L) collapsible water tank and a 20 US gal (76 L) fuel tank with removable hatch for cleaning. Diesel engines are available as options.

### Accommodations

#### Main cabin

The Main cabin has 6.25 ft (191 cm) headroom and features a convertible dinette that seats five with stowage behind seatbacks and beneath seats. Seats are 4 in (100 mm) foam covered with nylon fabric. Across from the dinette is an extension (slide out) berth and upper berth both with stowage beneath. This berth provides additional seating for the dinette.

#### Galley

Complete with stainless steel sink, and insulated ice box, and a two burner gimballed stainless steel stove and oven. There is food stowage under the sink, dish stowage above the stove and ice box, with a utensil drawer below the stove.

Opposite galley with a lighted chart table and chart stowage beneath. A quarter berth with oilskin locker beneath, and carpet on hull wall. Above chart table on bulkhead is a repeater instrument panel.

#### Forward cabin

Completely enclosed and finished the same as the main cabin. Two covered foam mattresses form the V-berth with stowage beneath. The hull sides are covered with nylon carpeting. A built-in dresser that is finished in teak provides further stowage.

Completely enclosed with Wilcox Crittenden head and a molded-in sink, linen locker and stowage bins above sink. There is a vent lite in the deck overhead that combines ventilation and lighting in one unit.

## Operational history

The boat was at one time supported by an active class club, *The Paceship*, but the club is currently inactive.

**Similar sailboats**

## InfoBox

Chance 32/28
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Development | |
| Designer | Britton Chance Jr. |
| Location | Canada |
| Year | 1972 |
| No. built | 41 (Canada), 20 (France) |
| Builder(s) | Paceship Yachts and Chantier Henri Wanquiez, France |
| Role | IOR 3/4 ton |
| Name | Chance 32/28 |
| Boat | |
| Displacement | 12,025 lb (5,454 kg) |
| Draft | 5.75 ft (1.75 m) |
| Hull | |
| Type | Monohull |
| Construction | Fiberglass |
| LOA | 32.08 ft (9.78 m) |
| LWL | 27.75 ft (8.46 m) |
| Beam | 10.00 ft (3.05 m) |
| Engine type | Universal Atomic 4 |
| Hull appendages | |
| Keel/board type | fin keel |
| Ballast | 4,680 lb (2,123 kg) |
| Rudder(s) | rudder on skeg |
| Rig | |
| General | Masthead sloop |
| foretriangle height | 41.70 ft (12.71 m) |
| foretriangle base | 13.00 ft (3.96 m) |
| mainsail luff | 37.00 ft (11.28 m) |
| mainsail foot | 11.10 ft (3.38 m) |
| Sails | |
| Mainsail area | 187.32 sq ft (17.403 m2) |
| Jib/genoa area | 271.27 sq ft (25.202 m2) |
| Total sail area | 458.59 sq ft (42.604 m2) |
| Racing | |
| Rating | IOR -1 |
| PHRF | 165 |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Sanremo railway station

abstract: Sanremo railway station is situated in the Italian city of Sanremo.

text:
# Sanremo railway station

**Sanremo** railway station is situated in the Italian city of Sanremo.

## History

It was opened on 27 September 2001, with the opening of the new double-track line between Bordighera and Imperia, which is a deviation of the Genoa–Ventimiglia line, built mainly in tunnel. The new station replaced an old picturesque station on a single track line that ran along the shore.

## Overview

The Sanremo station building contains a ticket hall, waiting room, information office, kiosk, and bar. The entrance building is connected to the platforms built in a tunnel by a long corridor, equipped with a moving walkway. Travel time is approximately 10 minutes. The station has two platforms connected by an underpass.

As Sanremo is an important tourist destination and a significant source of commuter traffic, the station has substantial traffic. All trains stop at the station. Most trains are regional or express; some are Intercity trains. The most frequent destinations to the west are Ventimiglia and Nice, and to the east Imperia, Savona, Genoa. It is directly accessible from Milan (about 3½ h), Turin (about 4 h) and Rome (about 7½ h).

## Old station

The old railway station of Sanremo was located in the middle of the town at Piazza Cesare Battisti, close to the coast.

## Train services

The station is served by the following services:

* Eurocity services (*Thello*) Marseille - Cannes - Nice - Monaco - Ventimiglia - Genoa - Milan

| Preceding station | Trenitalia | | | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ventimigliatowards Marseille-St-Charles |  | Thello |  | Imperia Porto Mauriziotowards Milano Centrale |

## InfoBox

| Sanremo | |
| --- | --- |
| Italian national railways (Ferrovie dello Stato) | |
| Building of the new station in 2009 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Corso Cavallotti, Sanremo (IM) |
| Coordinates | 43°49′19″N 7°47′04″E / 43.82194°N 7.78444°E / 43.82194; 7.78444 |
| Line(s) | Genoa–Ventimiglia line |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | at-grade, crossing station |
| History | |
| Opened | 1872 (old station) |
| Rebuilt | 2001 (actual station) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  SanremoLocation in LiguriaSanremoLocation in Northern ItalySanremoLocation in Italy | |


title: Detroit Dogshit

abstract: Detroit Dogshit is a compilation album by the rapper Esham. Released in 1997, it is the first compilation album by the rapper, and contains tracks from Esham's albums and extended plays from the years 1989–1994.

text:
# Detroit Dogshit

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |

***Detroit Dogshit*** is a compilation album by the rapper Esham. Released in 1997, it is the first compilation album by the rapper, and contains tracks from Esham's albums and extended plays from the years 1989–1994.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Mental Stress (remix)" | originally from *Closed Casket* | 5:03 |
| 2. | "The Fear" | previously unreleased | 4:08 |
| 3. | "Rocks Off! (remix)" | originally from *Hellterskkkelter* | 3:36 |
| 4. | "4 All The Suicidalists" | originally from *Boomin' Words from Hell* | 4:00 |
| 5. | "Get My Head Together" | originally from *Life After Death* | 4:16 |
| 6. | "Acid" | originally from *Judgement Day, Vol. 1: Day*) | 3:38 |
| 7. | "Losin my Religion" | originally from *Judgement Day, Vol. 1: Day* | 1:58 |
| 8. | "I'd Rather be Dead" | originally from *Judgement Day, Vol. 1: Day* | 2:50 |
| 9. | "Momma Was a Junkie" | originally from *Judgement Day, Vol. 1: Day* | 4:16 |
| 10. | "Out Cha Mind" | originally from *Homey Don't Play* | 4:25 |
| 11. | "Word After Word" | originally from *Boomin' Words from Hell* | 3:45 |
| 12. | "The Wicket Shit Will Never Die" | originally from *Closed Casket* | 3:33 |
| 13. | "Pussy Ain't Got No Face" | originally from *Boomin' Words from Hell* | 3:34 |
| 14. | "Devil's Groove" | originally from *Boomin' Words from Hell* | 3:07 |
| 15. | "Maggot Brain Theory" | originally from *Maggot Brain Theory* | 2:47 |
| 16. | "I'll be Glad When You Dead" | originally from *Closed Casket* | 2:51 |
| 17. | "30 Birdz" | previously unreleased | 4:08 |
| 18. | "S.O.M.D" | originally from *Blaz4me* | 3:29 |
| 19. | "Flatline" | originally from *Closed Casket* | 3:03 |
| 20. | "Wake Da Dead" | originally from *Judgement Day, Vol. 2: Night* | 3:59 |
| Total length: | | | 69:06 |

## InfoBox

| Detroit Dogshit | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Greatest hits album by Esham | |
| Released | 1997 |
| Label | Reel Life |
| Producer | Esham |
| Esham chronology | |
| ***Detroit Dogshit***
(1997) *Bootleg: From the Lost Vault, Vol. 1*
(2000) | |


title: Schwartziella irregularis

abstract: Schwartziella irregularis is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Zebinidae.

text:
# Schwartziella irregularis

***Schwartziella irregularis*** is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Zebinidae.

## Description

The height of the shell attains 3.8 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off the Cape Verdes.

## InfoBox

| *Schwartziella irregularis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Zebinidae |
| Genus: | *Schwartziella* |
| Species: | ***S. irregularis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Schwartziella irregularis***<br>Rolán & Luque, 2000 | |
|


title: Shane Harwood

abstract: Shane Michael Harwood is an Australian former international cricketer who played for the Victoria cricket team. He played in one One Day International and three Twenty20 International matches.

text:
# Shane Harwood

**Shane Michael Harwood** (born 1 March 1974) is an Australian former international cricketer who played for the Victoria cricket team. He played in one One Day International and three Twenty20 International matches.

## Early life

Harwood grew up in Ballarat, Victoria playing both indoor and outdoor cricket until a back injury kept him out of the game for two years. Upon his return, he won the Ballarat Cricket Association's best player medal in a premiership season with his club Brown Hill.

Moving to Melbourne, he was recruited by the Melbourne Cricket Club (MCC) ahead of the 1999-20 season. He would start with the MCC's second XI, quickly progressing to the first XI where he took 46 wickets for the season.

## Domestic career

Harwood began his Sheffield Shield career as a 28-year-old playing for Victoria in 2002–03 and became the third Australian to get a hat-trick on debut. Harwood took the wickets of Tasmanian batters Shane Watson and Graeme Cunningham, before bowling Sean Clingeleffer to complete the hat-trick. Interviewed by the media, Victorian teammate Shane Warne drove past in his Ferrari, tooting his horn and revving the engine, shouting out "next Australian quick."

Harwood was also a useful tailender who in the ING Cup once scored a 31-ball 50.

On 16 January 2006 Harwood took career-best figures of 6/38 in a Pura Cup match against New South Wales. In 2006-07, he claimed 26 first class wickets at 30.26 and 13 wickets at 16.30 in the domestic one-dayers as his sharp pace and awkward bounce dried up the opposition's runs.

Harwood's career was limited by injuries, including a broken leg, a broken eye socket and depressed cheekbone, a broken hand, hamstring problems, and a shoulder reconstruction.

He was also selected for Rajasthan Royals team in the Indian Premier League and he made his IPL debut on 2 May 2009 where he took a wicket of the first ball he bowled for the Rajasthan Royals. In the final year of his domestic career in 2012, he had T20 stints with Melbourne Renegades and Barisal Burners. Harwood would eventually return to his home town club of Brown Hill and in his last season at 43-years-old would score 553 runs and claim 31 wickets.

## International career

Harwood represented Australia A and was suggested by teammate Shane Warne as being a contender for the 2006 Australian Test tour of South Africa. Although he did not make the Test squad, he was a surprise selection for Australia in a Twenty20 International game against England in early 2007, taking the wicket of Andrew Flintoff in a spell of 1/44.

He was named in the Australian 30-man preliminary squad for the 2007 World Cup, but did not make the final squad.

On 12 March 2009, Harwood was selected for the 16-man Australian one-day squad in South Africa. He played both Twenty20 Internationals, taking 2/21 in the second match off his four overs. He made his One Day International debut for Australia against South Africa on 13 April 2009, with bowling figures of 2/57 from his ten overs, taking the wickets of Jacques Kallis and JP Duminy.

## InfoBox

Shane Harwood
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Shane Michael Harwood |
| Born | (1974-03-01) 1 March 1974<br>Ballarat, Victoria, Australia |
| Nickname | Stickers |
| Height | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right arm fast-medium |
| Role | Bowler |
| International information | |
| National side |  |
| Only ODI (cap 174) | 13 April 2009 v South Africa |
| T20I debut (cap 20) | 9 January 2006 v South Africa |
| Last T20I | 29 March 2009 v South Africa |
|  | |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 2001/02–2010/11 | Victoria *(squad no. 2)* |
| 2009 | Rajasthan Royals |
| 2011/12 | Melbourne Renegades |
| 2012 | Barisal Burners |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition ODI T20I FC LA  Matches 1 3 44 57  Runs scored 0 0 666 191  Batting average 0.00  14.47 10.61  100s/50s 0/0 0/0 0/1 0/1  Top score 0 0 68 50  Balls bowled 60 72 8,761 2,918  Wickets 2 3 137 91  Bowling average 28.50 37.66 32.75 24.01  5 wickets in innings 0 0 4 4  10 wickets in match 0 0 0 0  Best bowling 2/57 2/21 6/38 6/46  Catches/stumpings 0/– 0/– 11/– 8/– | |
|  | |
| Source: CricketArchive, 18 December 2020 | |


title: Rajshahi-1

abstract: Rajshahi-1 is a constituency represented in the Jatiya Sangsad of Bangladesh since 6 August 2024 The constituency is vacant.

text:
# Rajshahi-1

**Rajshahi-1** is a constituency represented in the Jatiya Sangsad (National Parliament) of Bangladesh since 6 August 2024 The constituency is vacant.

## Boundaries

The constituency encompasses Godagari and Tanore upazilas.

## History

The constituency was created for the first general elections in newly independent Bangladesh, held in 1973.

## Members of Parliament

| Election | | Member | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1973 | Moin Uddin Ahmed | Awami League |
|  | 1979 | Shahjahan Miah | BNP |
| Major Boundary Changes | | | |
|  | 1986 | Mujibur Rahman | Jamaat-e-Islami |
|  | 1988 | Durul Huda | Jatiya Party |
|  | 1991 | Aminul Haque | BNP |
|  | 2008 | Omar Faruk Chowdhury | Awami League |
|

## Elections

General Election 2024: Rajshahi-1
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | AL | Omar Faruk Chowdhury | 103,592 |  |  |
|  | Independent | Golam Rabbani | 92,419 |  |  |
|  | Independent | Mahiya Mahi | 9,009 |  |  |
|  | AL **hold** | | | |

### Elections in the 2010s

Omar Faruk Chowdhury was re-elected unopposed in the 2014 general election after opposition parties withdrew their candidacies in a boycott of the election.

### Elections in the 2000s

General Election 2008: Rajshahi-1
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | AL | Omar Faruk Chowdhury | 146,786 | 53.1 | +15.0 |
|  | BNP | Enamul Haque | 129,450 | 46.8 | −12.3 |
|  | Bangladesh Kalyan Party | Salahuddin Biswas | 366 | 0.1 | *N/A* |
| Majority | | | 17,336 | 6.3 | −14.7 |
| Turnout | | | 276,602 | 93.0 | +4.4 |
|  | AL **gain** from BNP | | | | | |

General Election 2001: Rajshahi-1
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | BNP | Aminul Haque | 130,631 | 59.1 | +11.4 |
|  | AL | Omar Faruk Chowdhury | 84,185 | 38.1 | +6.9 |
|  | IJOF | Md. Jalal Uddin | 5,022 | 2.3 | *N/A* |
|  | WPB | Rafiqul Islam | 915 | 0.4 | *N/A* |
|  | Independent | Aminul Islam | 298 | 0.1 | *N/A* |
|  | Jatiya Party (M) | Anowar Iqbal Badal | 88 | 0.0 | *N/A* |
| Majority | | | 46,446 | 21.0 | +4.5 |
| Turnout | | | 221,139 | 88.6 | +1.5 |
|  | BNP **hold** | | | |

### Elections in the 1990s

General Election June 1996: Rajshahi-1
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | BNP | Aminul Haque | 83,994 | 47.7 | +4.8 |
|  | AL | Md. Alal Uddin | 55,003 | 31.2 | +1.5 |
|  | Jamaat-e-Islami | Mujibur Rahman | 28,453 | 16.2 | −8.8 |
|  | JP(E) | Rabeya Bhuiyan | 6,915 | 3.9 | +2.4 |
|  | Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal-JSD | Mozibur | 631 | 0.4 | *N/A* |
|  | Independent | M. M. Sajedun Nabi | 448 | 0.3 | *N/A* |
|  | Gano Forum | Bholanath Majhi | 276 | 0.2 | *N/A* |
|  | JSD | Abdul Ohab | 270 | 0.2 | *N/A* |
|  | Oikkya Prakriyya | Md. Abdus Salam | 112 | 0.1 | *N/A* |
| Majority | | | 28,991 | 16.5 | +3.3 |
| Turnout | | | 176,102 | 87.1 | +12.8 |
|  | BNP **hold** | | | |

General Election 1991: Rajshahi-1
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | BNP | Aminul Haque | 61,975 | 42.9 |  |
|  | AL | Md. Mohsin | 42,897 | 29.7 |  |
|  | Jamaat-e-Islami | Mujibur Rahman | 36,058 | 25.0 |  |
|  | JP(E) | Durul Huda | 2,108 | 1.5 |  |
|  | Independent | Muhammad Lutfar Rahman | 1,344 | 0.9 |  |
| Majority | | | 19,078 | 13.2 |  |
| Turnout | | | 144,382 | 74.3 |  |
|  | BNP **gain** from | | | | | |

24°28′N 88°19′E / 24.47°N 88.32°E / 24.47; 88.32

## InfoBox

| Rajshahi-1 | |
| --- | --- |
| Constituency<br>for the Jatiya Sangsad | |
|  | |
| District | Rajshahi District |
| Division | Rajshahi Division |
| Electorate | 383,352 (2018) |
| Current constituency | |
| Created | 1973 |
| 51 Naogaon-653 Rajshahi-2 | |


abstract: The 1903 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 17th staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition. In the Leinster Quarter final Kildare ended Dublin's period as All Ireland champions. Kerry won their first football All-Ireland.

text:
# 1903 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship

The **1903 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship** was the 17th staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition. In the Leinster Quarter final Kildare ended Dublin's period as All Ireland champions. Kerry won their first football All-Ireland.

## Format

The four provincial championships are played as usual. The four champions play in the "Home" championship, with the winners of the Home final going on to face London in the All-Ireland final.

## Results

### Connacht Senior Football Championship

| Mayo | 3-6 – 0-1 | Roscommon |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Claremorris

### Leinster Senior Football Championship

| Kilkenny | 0-0 – 0-0 | Carlow |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Kilkenny

---

| Louth | 0-0 – 0-0 | Meath |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Dundalk

---

| Louth | 0-7 – 0-4 | Meath |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Dundalk

---

| Longford | 0-2 – 2-12 | Wexford |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Jones Road, Dublin

---

| Kilkenny | 1-13 – 0-0 | Westmeath |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Jones Road, Dublin

---

| Louth | 1-6 – 0-1 | Wexford |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Jones Road, Dublin

---

| Offaly | 0-2 – 1-5 | Laois |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

MaryboroReferee: J McCarthy

---

| Kildare | 3-11 – 0-3 | Dublin |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Geashill

---

| Kildare | 4-5 – 1-1 | Laois |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Maryboro

---

| Kilkenny | 1-4 – 0-1 | Louth |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Jones Road, Dublin

---

| Kildare | 1-2 – 0-5 | Kilkenny |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Wexford

---

| Kildare | 1-6 – 1-5 | Kilkenny |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Wexford

A replay was ordered due to a disputed disallowed Kilkenny point.

---

| Kildare | 0-9 - 0-1 | Kilkenny |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Jim Scott 0-3 (0-1f), Joe Rafferty (0-2f), Johnny Dunne, Joyce Conlan 0-2 each |  | Tom Hyland 0-1 |

Jones' Road, DublinReferee: M.F. Crowe (Dublin)

### Munster Senior Football Championship

| Clare | 1-5 – 0-4 | Limerick |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Limerick

---

| Kerry | 4-8 – 0-3 | Waterford |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Turners Cross

---

| Cork | 1-5 – 0-4 | Tipperary |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

KillmallockReferee: L. O'Toole (D)

---

| Kerry | 2-7 – 2-0 | Clare |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Markets Field, Limerick

---

| Kerry | 1-7 – 0-4 | Cork |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Markets Field, Limerick

### Ulster Senior Football Championship

| Monaghan | 0-11 – 0-3 | Fermanagh |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Enniskillen

---

| Cavan | 0-11 – 0-3 | Monaghan |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Newbliss

---

| Cavan | 0-5 – 0-5 | Armagh |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Abbey Park, Armagh

---

| Cavan | 0-5 – 0-5
A.E.T. | Armagh |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Cavan

---

| Cavan | 0-8 – 0-4 | Armagh |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Newbliss

### All-Ireland Senior Football Championship

| Kerry | 2-7 – 0-4 | Mayo |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Limerick

---

| Kildare | 0-8 – 0-0 | Cavan |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Jones' Road, Dublin

---

| Kerry | 1-4 – 1-3
Unfinished | Kildare |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Tipperary

Unfinished game - replay ordered.

---

| Kerry | 0-7 – 1-4 | Kildare |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Cork

---

| Kerry | 0-8 – 0-2 | Kildare |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Cork

---

| Kerry | 0-11 – 0-3 | London |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Jones' Road, DublinAttendance: 10,000Referee: John McCarthy (Kilkenny)

## Championship statistics

### Miscellaneous

* Kildare win their first ever Leinster final.
* Kerry win their first ever All Ireland final.

## InfoBox

1903 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| All-Ireland Champions | |
| Winning team | Kerry (1st win) |
| Captain | Thady Gorman |
| All-Ireland Finalists | |
| Losing team | Kildare |
| Provincial Champions | |
| Munster | Kerry |
| Leinster | Kildare |
| Ulster | Cavan |
| Connacht | Mayo |
| Championship statistics | |
| 1902  1904 | |


title: Chale Bay

abstract: Chale Bay is a bay on the south-west coast of the Isle of Wight, England. It lies to the west of the village of Chale from which it takes its name. It faces south-west towards the English Channel, its shoreline is 3+1⁄4 miles (5.2 km) in length and is gently curving. It stretches from Artherfield Point in the north-west to Rocken End in the south-east. The bay is best viewed from the car park on the A3055 above Blackgang Chine or anywhere along the Isle of Wight Coastal Path which follows the whole coastline along the clifftop. Since the closure of the steps at Whale Chine, the beach at Chale Bay has become somewhat inaccessible, with no way down from the clifftop anywhere along its three miles. Parts of the beach are sometimes used by naturists, who are known locally as "Blackgang Bares".

text:
# Chale Bay

**Chale Bay** is a bay on the south-west coast of the Isle of Wight, England. It lies to the west of the village of Chale from which it takes its name. It faces south-west towards the English Channel, its shoreline is 3+14 miles (5.2 km) in length and is gently curving. It stretches from Artherfield Point in the north-west to Rocken End in the south-east.

The bay is best viewed from the car park on the A3055 above Blackgang Chine or anywhere along the Isle of Wight Coastal Path which follows the whole coastline along the clifftop. Since the closure of the steps at Whale Chine, the beach at Chale Bay has become somewhat inaccessible, with no way down from the clifftop anywhere along its three miles. Parts of the beach are sometimes used by naturists, who are known locally as "Blackgang Bares".

## Geography

The beach is predominantly shingle and is bordered by tall cliffs which are made of sandstone, chalk and clay and so are often subject to erosion. There are a number of coastal chines and ravines around the bay; most notably Whale Chine, Blackgang Chine and Walpen Chine. The bay's eastern end is the site of *Shag Rock* which is a boulder around the size of a small building, though a storm in 1980 shifted it from its once prominent position on the shoreline.

When approaching from the west, the bay marks a change in the type of coastline of the island to a rockbound shore which is unsuitable for landing vessels; this sort of coastline stretches until Sandown Bay. The seabed is a mixture of mud, sand and shells.

## Shipwrecks

In 1314 the St. Mary, out of Bayonne, France, with a cargo of white wine from Aquitaine was wrecked at the west end of the bay.

The wreck of the Wheatfield steamer, which beached on New Year's Eve in 1882, lies around 200 yards west of Shag Rock. The 1,200-ton steamship broke up on the rocks after her crew escaped in their lifeboats, no fatalities were recorded but, her cargo (which included tinned meat and flour) was lost. After the wreck, a number of locals were fined for being in the position of cargo salvaged from the ship.

In 1996, a 75-foot sailing boat was washed ashore by high waves generated from the arrival of Hurricane Lili. All five of her passengers were rescued by the local lifeboat service.

## InfoBox

| Chale Bay | |
| --- | --- |
| Chale Bay looking to the north-west | |
| Chale BayLocation within the Isle of Wight | |
| Civil parish | * Chale |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
|


title: Sanremo railway station (1872)

abstract: San Remo railway station was the first station of Sanremo; was closed in 2001 due to the opening of the new double-track of the Genoa-Ventimiglia railway line from San Lorenzo to Bordighera and was replaced by a new station underground.

text:
# Sanremo railway station (1872)

**San Remo** railway station was the first station of Sanremo; was closed in 2001 due to the opening of the new double-track of the Genoa-Ventimiglia railway line from San Lorenzo to Bordighera and was replaced by a new station underground.

## History

It was opened on 25 January 1872, with the opening of the track Savona and Ventimiglia of the Genoa–Ventimiglia line. It was closed on 24 September 2001, as a result of the double-tracking between San Lorenzo al Mare and Ospedaletti. Soon after it was abandoned the station was deprived of the overhead line and the tracks to asphalt the sediments and the docks.

From 1913 to 1942 the square in front of the station had an interchange with the Ospedaletti-Sanremo-Taggia tramway.

On 21 April 1942 the Italian Riviera trolleybus was inaugurated and was in service until being temporarily suspended in December 2019.

The station, previously called with the correct name "Sanremo", assumed the new name "San Remo" in the 1980s.

## Overview

The old San Remo Station building had 3 passenger tracks, as well as 2 for freight trains, and 1 for rod trains maneuver.

The passenger building still exists as well as the tobacco shop, while the bar and the kiosk, present inside the structure since its inauguration, have been closed.

The area hosts events and exhibitions in what were once the railway freight warehouses. On the former track level there is a parking lot and a stretch of the bike lane opened in 2008.

## InfoBox

| San Remo | |
| --- | --- |
| Italian State Railways (Ferrovie dello Stato) | |
| Building of the old station in 2011 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Piazza Cesare Battisti, 5, Sanremo (IM) |
| Coordinates | 43°48′50″N 7°46′18″E / 43.81389°N 7.77167°E / 43.81389; 7.77167 |
| Line(s) | Genoa–Ventimiglia line |
| Platforms | 3 |
| Tracks | 3 + 2 for the freight + 1 rod trains maneuver. |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | at-grade, crossing station |
| History | |
| Opened | 25 January 1872 |
| Closed | 24 September 2001 |
| Previous names | Sanremo (until the 1980s) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Eugen Eckert

abstract: Eugen Eckert is a German social worker, minister, singer-songwriter and academic teacher. He is known for his lyrics for new spiritual songs, and his oratorios and musical plays.

text:
# Eugen Eckert

**Eugen Eckert** (born 1954) is a German social worker, minister, singer-songwriter and academic teacher. He is known for his lyrics for new spiritual songs (Neues Geistliches Lied), and his oratorios and musical plays.

## Career

Born in Frankfurt am Main, Eckert first worked as a social worker. He studied from 1977 Protestant theology, pedagogic psychology and Slavic languages at the Frankfurt University and the Mainz University. In 1990 he became the minister of the Protestant parish of Offenbach-Lauterborn. He has been a minister for students (*Studentenpfarrer*) of the Frankfurt University since 1996, and is the minister of the stadium Commerzbank-Arena. He has also worked for broadcasters and wrote books. From 1993 to 2013 he lectured at the Hochschule für Musik und Darstellende Kunst Frankfurt am Main.

Eckert wrote from 1976 lyrics of Neues Geistliches Lied, producing more than thousand songs, ten oratorios, several Singspiele and cantatas. He was in 1975 founding member of the band Habakuk, for which he has worked as songwriter, singer and manager. Eckert was active in the Arbeitskreis Kirchenmusik und Jugendseelsorge im Bistum Limburg from 1980. When Franz-Peter Tebartz-van Elst, then the bishop, dismissed its president Patrick Dehm as director of the "Haus der Begegnung", Eckert resigned to express his protest.

Eckert is a founding member and vice president of the ecumenical association inTAKT, founded on 8 April 2013 to promote Neues Geistliches Lied.

## Selected works

Eckert wrote the lyrics for more than 1000 songs of the genre Neues Geistliches Lied, oratorios and musical plays. Several songs have been included in the Protestant hymnal *Evangelisches Gesangbuch* and the Catholic hymnal *Gotteslob*.

### Oratorios

### Songs

## InfoBox

| Eugen Eckert | |
| --- | --- |
| Eckert in Frankfurt in 2008 | |
| Born | 1954 (age 6970)<br>Frankfurt am Main |
| Education |  |
| Occupations | * social worker * minister * singer-songwriter * academic teacher |
| Organizations |  |


title: Deseret Test Center

abstract: The Deseret Test Center was a U.S. Army operated command in charge for testing chemical and biological weapons during the 1960s. The Deseret was headquartered at Fort Douglas, Utah, a former U.S. Army base.

text:
# Deseret Test Center

The **Deseret Test Center** was a U.S. Army operated command in charge for testing chemical and biological weapons during the 1960s. The Deseret was headquartered at Fort Douglas, Utah, a former U.S. Army base.

## History

Progress toward standardizing new biological warfare agents was limited from 1961 to 1962 by the lack of adequate extra-continental test facilities in which toxic agent munitions combinations could be fully assayed without the legal and safety limitations that were necessary in less remote test areas within the Continental United States.

In May 1962 the Joint Chiefs of Staff established the Deseret Test Center at Fort Douglas, Utah, a disused army base.

The U.S. Army command at Deseret was established as a result of being tasked with conducting Project 112 and Project SHAD. The Deseret project required a joint task force to undertake overseas chemical and biological testing. In response, the Joint Chiefs of Staff established the Deseret Test Center under the auspices of the U.S. Army Chemical Corps. A directive from May 28, 1962 outlined Deseret Test Center's mission:

> ...\[To\] prepare and conduct extra continental tests to assess chemical and biological weapons and defense systems, both by providing support data for research and development and by establishing a basis for the operational and logistic concepts needed for the employment of these systems.

No tests were actually conducted at Deseret Test Center however, the Deseret administration facility was supported by Dugway Proving Ground about 80 miles (130 km) away. The Deseret center occupied Building 103 and 105 at Fort Douglas, where administrative and planning decisions were made. The headquarters at Fort Douglas was staffed by 200 individuals. The U.S. Army closed Deseret Test Center in 1973.

### Project Deseret (1961-1963)

*Project Deseret* was developed to conduct a highly classified military research, development, and testing program which was aimed at both offensive and defensive human, animal, and plant reaction to biological, chemical, toxicological, entomological and radiological warfare agents in various combinations of climate and terrain.

The top secret research was conducted by the United States' Deseret Test Center with Britain, Canada, and Australia under the Quadripartite agreement. During Project Deseret each agent needed to be tested at sea, in the arctic, desert and in tropical jungle environments. In the autumn of 1961 Project Deseret was divided into two main parts consisting of Project 112 and Project SHAD.

Project Deseret was designated to assist not only the Army but the Navy, Marine Corps and the Air Force as well. Thus, it was funded jointly by all branches of the U.S. military and U.S. intelligence agencies, a euphemism for the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) Office of Technical Services.

On April 17, 1963, President Kennedy signed National Security Action Memorandum 235 (NSAM 235) authorizing:

> Policy guides governing the conduct of large-scale scientific or technological experiments that might have significant or protracted effects on the physical or biological environment. Experiments which by their nature could result in domestic or foreign allegations that they might have such effects will be included in this category even though the sponsoring agency feels confident that such allegations would in fact prove to be unfounded.

The deployments of Project 112 agents and field testing commenced immediately after the memorandum was signed.

## Tests

Between its opening in 1962 and 1973 the Deseret Test Center was at the helm of Project 112, a military operation aimed at evaluating chemical and biological weapons in differing environments. The test began in the fall of 1962 and were considered "ambitious" by the Chemical Corps; the tests were conducted at sea, in Arctic environments and in tropical environments. Tests were aimed at human, plant and animal reaction to the chemical and biological agents and were conducted in the United States, Liberia, Egypt, South Korea and Okinawa. According to the Department of Defense, Deseret planned 134 chemical and biological weapons tests and of those 46 were carried out and 62 were canceled.

The tests of Project 112, and the related seaborne Project SHAD, were kept secret until October 2002. Many tests occurred on U.S. soil and released live biological agents, chemical agents or their simulants. In total, according to the reporting of CBS News, more than 5,000 soldiers and sailors were involved in the secret tests, many of them unknowingly. From 1963-1965 there were 18 tests involving biological simulants, usually *Bacillus globigii* (BG). BG was used to simulate dangerous agents, such as anthrax; once thought harmless to humans, research in the intervening years has revealed some simulants can actually cause infection in those with weakened immune systems. 14 separate tests were performed using VX, sarin, nerve agent simulants and tear gases.

40°45′55″N 111°49′59″W / 40.76528°N 111.83306°W / 40.76528; -111.83306


title: SeniorNet

abstract: SeniorNet is a 501(c)(3) charity organization that provides computer skills and internet education to seniors, veterans, the underprivileged, the disabled, and others with physical or economic impairments. Volunteers across the country run SeniorNet Computer Learning Centres, which follow a standardized curriculum created at SeniorNet headquarters. SeniorNet, headquartered in Fort Myers, Florida, has roughly 6,000 members and is run by volunteers. They have roughly 30 "Learning Centres" in various places across the country. They fund their operations with membership dues, class fees, philanthropic donations, and the sponsorship of organizations and foundations.

text:
# SeniorNet

**SeniorNet** is a 501(c)(3) charity organization that provides computer skills and internet education to seniors, veterans, the underprivileged, the disabled, and others with physical or economic impairments. Volunteers across the country run SeniorNet Computer Learning Centres, which follow a standardized curriculum created at SeniorNet headquarters.

SeniorNet, headquartered in Fort Myers, Florida, has roughly 6,000 members and is run by volunteers. They have roughly 30 "Learning Centres" in various places across the country. They fund their operations with membership dues, class fees, philanthropic donations, and the sponsorship of organizations and foundations.

## Background

The organization was founded in 1986 by Dr. Mary Furlong, with headquarters originally located in San Francisco, California. In 2005, headquarters were relocated to Santa Clara, California. SeniorNet grew out of a research project funded by the Markle Foundation to determine how computers and telecommunications could enhance the lives of older adults.

With an interest in how technology enhanced the lives of older adults, Mary Furlong sought out a funding source. She encountered much skepticism as she tried to find funding for a program supporting seniors using computers. In 1986, the New York-based Markle Foundation, led by Lloyd Morrisett, recognized the program's potential and funded a research project out of the University of San Francisco. Five learning centers were opened with twenty seniors that year. Apple Computer donated computers to the individuals and centers.

## Milestones

1986 – SeniorNet opens their first "Learning Centers".

1987 – Newsline, SeniorNet's quarterly newsletter, makes its debut.

1988 – The first national conference is held at the University of San Francisco. The theme is "Building a Community of Computer-Using Seniors". Sponsors include Apple Computer, Pacific Telesis, the Markle Foundation, and the Ophthalmologic Surgery Society.

1990 – SeniorNet is incorporated as a 501c(3) educational non-profit organization and establishes its first independent headquarters in San Francisco. Don Rawitch writes and debuts the "Seniornet Song".

1992 – SeniorNet goes global with a new Learning Center opened in Wellington, New Zealand. IBM becomes a major sponsor and supporter, sponsoring twelve new centers in cooperation with other companies, and later co-sponsoring seven more Learning Centers along with NYNEX.

1997 – SeniorNet launches a new program, the Solutions Forum, sponsored by Met Life, to allow seniors to collaborate on the internet to address important national and global issues. Ann Wrixton becomes SeniorNet's Executive Director.

1998 – In collaboration with Microsoft, the AARP, and Sony Lifetime Connections, SeniorNet introduces over 50,000 seniors across the U.S. to computers. SeniorNet launches "SeniorNet at Sea", a program with World Explorer Cruises to teach computers on board cruise ships.

2001 – The eBay Foundation pledges a five-year, one-million dollar grant to SeniorNet to help bridge the digital divide. SeniorNet partners with SeniorWorld Japan to develop Learning Centers in Japan.

2002 – SeniorNet embarks on a nationally televised public service announcement about their programs supported by a grant from the Skoll Foundation.

2003 – SeniorNet serves as the test site for IBM's Web Adaptation Technology to provide visual and auditory support for individuals viewing web sites. PeopleChart funds and produces an online Medical Records Center for SeniorNet. It was approved for association with the Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations of the Department of Public Information of the United Nations to disseminate information about aging and technology. SeniorNet becomes a PBS Program Club and offers the first Program Club discussion on the internet.

2004 – Kristin Fabos, a former board of directors member, becomes Executive Director of SeniorNet. A national alliance is formed with the non-partisan By the People to engage individuals in civic issues.

2005 – With funding from SeniorCorps and the UPS Foundation, SeniorNet establishes a Retired Technology Volunteers program to identify, recruit, and support older adults who use computer technology in volunteer work in their communities.

2007 – SeniorNet opens its first Spanish-language Learning Center in Corpus Christi, Texas.

2020 – SeniorNet in Whanganui, New Zealand searches for more tech-savvy volunteers to help teach seniors about mobile phones and how to manage mobile banking, social media, and online shopping amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

## InfoBox

SeniorNet
|
|  |
| Company type | 501(c)(3) Non-Profit Organization |
| Industry | Education |
| Founded | 1986 |
| Headquarters | Fort Myers, Florida 33907, USA |
| Key people | * Mary Furlong * (founder) * Leslie M. Smith * (Board Chairman) |
| Revenue | Unknown |
| Number of employees | 6 Full-Time, 4 Part-Time |
| Website | www.seniornet.org |


title: Schwartziella minima

abstract: Schwartziella minima is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Zebinidae. The species name minima is Latin and refers to the small size of the shell.

text:
# Schwartziella minima

***Schwartziella minima*** is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Zebinidae. The species name *minima* is Latin and refers to the small size of the shell.

## Description

The length of the shell is up to 2.8 millimetres (0.11 in), with a maximum width of 1.3 millimetres (0.051 in).

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off the Cape Verdes.

* Rolán E., 2005. *Malacological Fauna From The Cape Verde Archipelago. Part 1, Polyplacophora and Gastropoda*.

## InfoBox

| *Schwartziella minima* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Zebinidae |
| Genus: | *Schwartziella* |
| Species: | ***S. minima*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Schwartziella minima***<br>Rolán & Luque, 2000 | |
|


title: Castellserà

abstract: Castellserà is a village in the province of Lleida and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.

text:
# Castellserà

**Castellserà** (Catalan pronunciation: \[kasˌteʎ.seˈɾa\]) is a village in the province of Lleida and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.

## InfoBox

| Castellserà | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Ermita de Sant Sebastià | |
|  | |
| CastellseràLocation in Catalonia | |
| Coordinates: 41°45′N 0°59′E / 41.750°N 0.983°E / 41.750; 0.983 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Community | Catalonia |
| Province | Lleida |
| Comarca | Urgell |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Marcel Pujol Coll (2015) |
| Area | |
| Total | 15.8 km2 (6.1 sq mi) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 1,000 |
| Density | 63/km2 (160/sq mi) |
| Website | castellsera.cat |


title: Rangiya–Silchar Express

abstract: Rangiya–Silchar Express is an Express train belonging to Northeast Frontier Railway zone of Indian Railways that connects Rangiya and Silchar of Assam via Guwahati. This train is a replacement of previous train, Silchar - Guwahati Passenger Special, for the same route & on the same timings. The train makes its main halt at Badarpur Junction & Lumding Junction for 10 mins and 15 mins respectively & loco/rake reversals also take place at these Stations. The train runs with SGUJ/WDP-4 & NGC/WDM-3A/Twins. From 4 September 2023, the train was extended to Rangiya Junction.

text:
# Rangiya–Silchar Express

**Rangiya–Silchar Express** is an Express train belonging to Northeast Frontier Railway zone of Indian Railways that connects Rangiya and Silchar of Assam via Guwahati. This train is a replacement of previous train, *Silchar - Guwahati Passenger Special*, for the same route & on the same timings. The train makes its main halt at Badarpur Junction & Lumding Junction for 10 mins and 15 mins respectively & loco/rake reversals also take place at these Stations. The train runs with **SGUJ/WDP-4 & NGC/WDM-3A/Twins.** From 4 September 2023, the train was extended to Rangiya Junction.

## Background

This train was inaugurated on 1 February 2018, from Guwahati flagged off by Piyush Goyal, Minister of Railways for more connectivity between Silchar and Guwahati.

## Service

Frequency of this train is tri-weekly and it covers a distance of 379 km (235 mi) with an average speed of 37 km/h (23 mph) on both sides.

## Halts

This train has official stoppage at Chaparmukh Junction, Hojai, Lumding Junction, New Haflong, Badarpur Junction & Katakhal Junction on both sides.

## Traction

As the route is going to be electrified an WDM-3D/ Twins loco pulls the train to its destination on both sides.

## InfoBox

Rangiya – Silchar Express
| Overview | |
| --- | --- |
| Service type | Mail/Express |
| First service | Thu Feb 01, 2018 |
| Current operator(s) | Northeast Frontier Railway |
| Ridership | 900+ approx. |
| Route | |
| Termini | Rangiya
Silchar |
| Stops | 9 |
| Distance travelled | 427 km (265 mi) |
| Average journey time | 12 hours 30 mins |
| Service frequency | Tri weekly |
| Train number(s) | 15611 UP / 15612 DOWN |
| On-board services | |
| Class(es) | AC 2 tier (1) AC 3 tier (4) Sleeper (5) General (2)
SLR (2) |
| Seating arrangements | Available |
| Sleeping arrangements | Available |
| Auto-rack arrangements | Not Available |
| Catering facilities | ✕ Pantry Car ✓ On-board Catering
✓ E-Catering |
| Observation facilities | Windows |
| Baggage facilities | Under Seat |
| Technical | |
| Rolling stock | ICF Utkrisht Rake |
| Track gauge | Broad gauge |
| Electrification | Not Available |
| Operating speed | Avg Speed: 37 km/h (23 mph) Max Permissible Speed: 100 km/h (62 mph) between LMG/Lumding Junction and TKC/Thakurkuchi |


title: Recovery-oriented computing

abstract: Recovery-oriented computing is a method constructed at Stanford University and the University of California, Berkeley for developing reliable Internet services. Its proponents seek to recognize computer bugs as inevitable, and then reduce their harmful effects. The National Science Foundation funds the project. There are characteristics that set recovery oriented computing apart from all other failure handling techniques.

text:
# Recovery-oriented computing

**Recovery-oriented computing** (sometimes abbreviated to **ROC**) is a method constructed at Stanford University and the University of California, Berkeley for developing reliable Internet services. Its proponents seek to recognize computer bugs as inevitable, and then reduce their harmful effects. The National Science Foundation funds the project.

There are characteristics that set recovery oriented computing apart from all other failure handling techniques.

## Isolation and redundancy

Isolation in these types of systems requires redundancy. Should one part of the system fail, a redundant part will need to take its place. Isolation must be failure proof for all types of failures whether they be software or human caused failures. One potential way to isolate parts of a system is using virtual machine monitors such as Xen. Virtual machine monitors allow many virtual machines to run on a physical machine and should there be a problem with one virtual machine it can be restarted without restarting the physical machine, or it can be stopped and another can take its place.

## System-wide undo support

The ability to undo across different programs and time frames is necessary in this type of system because human error is the cause of about half of system failures. Not having undo support also limits testing aspects of a production system because it doesn’t allow for trial and error.

System-wide undo support should cover all aspects of the system. This includes hardware and software upgrades, configuration as well as application management. There are obviously limits to what can be undone, and these limits are currently being explored, tested and rated based on their tradeoffs.

## Integrated diagnostic support

Integrated diagnostic support is another characteristic a recovery-oriented computer should have. This means that the system should be able to identify the root cause of a system failure. Once it does this it should then either be able to contain the failure so it cannot affect other parts of the system or alternatively it should repair the failure. All of the system components or modules should be self-testing; it should be able to know when there is something wrong with itself. As well as determining problems with themselves, the modules should also be able to verify the behavior of other modules that they are dependent upon. The system must also track module, resource, and user request dependencies throughout the system. This will allow for containment of failures.

## Online verification and recovery mechanisms

Recovery mechanisms are ways in which the systems can recover from failures. These recovery mechanisms should be well designed, meaning that they are reliable, effective and efficient. These systems should be proactive in testing and verifying the behavior of the recovery mechanisms so should there be a real failure it is certain that these mechanisms will do what they are designed to do and aid in the recovery of the system. These verifications should be performed even in production level equipment as this type of equipment is the most vital to have up. There are two methods for performing these tests and both of these should be used. The first method is directed tests in which the tests are set up and executed. The other method is a random test in which they occur without warning.

## Modularity, measurability and restartability

Software aging problems are best resolved by restarting the component that is affected. This entails both modularity and restartability. Components should be restarted before they fail, and designed to make this option available or better yet, do it automatically. Applications should also be designed for restartability.

## Benchmarks

These systems should have frequent dependability and availability benchmarking to justify their existence and usage by tracking their progress. These benchmarks should be reproducible and an impartial measure of system dependability, reliability, and availability.


title: Sinclair Sovereign

abstract: The Sinclair Sovereign was a high-end calculator introduced by Clive Sinclair's company Sinclair Radionics in 1976. It was an attempt to escape from the unprofitable low end of the market, and one of the last calculators Sinclair produced. Made with a case of pressed steel that a variety of finishes, it cost between £30 and £60 at a time when other calculators could be purchased for under £5. A number of factors meant that the Sovereign was not a commercial success, including the cost, high import levies on components, competition from cheaper calculators manufactured abroad, and the development of more power-efficient designs using liquid-crystal displays. Though it came with a five-year guarantee, issues such as short battery life limited its usefulness. The company moved on to producing computers soon afterwards. The design by John Pemberton won a Design Council award, and there are examples of the Sovereign in the Museum of Modern Art in New York. It had a Mostek MK50321N main integrated circuit and a small memory register, a LED display, and could perform a variety of a number of basic mathematical operations besides four-function arithmetic.

text:
# Sinclair Sovereign

The **Sinclair Sovereign** was a high-end calculator introduced by Clive Sinclair's company Sinclair Radionics in 1976. It was an attempt to escape from the unprofitable low end of the market, and one of the last calculators Sinclair produced. Made with a case of pressed steel that a variety of finishes, it cost between £30 and £60 at a time when other calculators could be purchased for under £5. A number of factors meant that the Sovereign was not a commercial success, including the cost, high import levies on components, competition from cheaper calculators manufactured abroad, and the development of more power-efficient designs using liquid-crystal displays. Though it came with a five-year guarantee, issues such as short battery life limited its usefulness. The company moved on to producing computers soon afterwards.

The design by John Pemberton won a Design Council award, and there are examples of the Sovereign in the Museum of Modern Art in New York. It had a Mostek MK50321N main integrated circuit and a small memory register, a LED display, and could perform a variety of a number of basic mathematical operations besides four-function arithmetic.

## History

The Sovereign was one of the last calculators produced during Sinclair's foray into the calculator market that had started with the Sinclair Executive in September 1972. The Executive had retailed for £80 when introduced, but in little over a year it was possible to purchase a Sinclair calculator for £20 and by November 1976 a model was available for £4.95. Cheaper calculators with liquid-crystal displays instead of light-emitting diodes were becoming more popular, and had much longer battery lives of months or years. Such calculators were available for well under £10, with all the functionality of the more expensive models. The impossibility of selling "simple" calculators profitably led Sinclair to introduce models such as the Cambridge Scientific, introduced in August 1975 at a price of £29.95.

The Sovereign, released in 1976, represented an attempt to move upmarket in an increasingly saturated market. In December 1976, the chrome plated version of the Sovereign cost £30 and the gold-plated version £60, including VAT, but profit margins on the Sovereign were so small that Sinclair ended up selling the Sovereign at a loss, and it was not a commercial success. The Sovereign was made in England, like every other Sinclair calculator except the President.

Sinclair would shortly stop producing calculators and instead focus on computers, starting with the MK14 in 1977. The loss of the calculator market was due in part to technological development leading to smaller and cheaper components, which put heavy pressure on profit margins. An import levy of up to 17.5% was placed on components, but the duty for calculators imported from Japan or Hong Kong could be as little as 5%, making it unprofitable to produce calculators in the UK. Sinclair also had some problems with the reliability of earlier calculators that had adversely affected its reputation, but the Sovereign was sold with a "full and unconditional" five year guarantee.

## Design

The Sovereign came in satin chrome and gold-plated models, with leather pouches and fitted wooden cases. It had an 8-digit seven-segment display that used red light-emitting diodes, with a decimal point to the right of each digit that could be illuminated as necessary. Power was provided by two 1.35 mercury button cells. The Sovereign measured 36 by 141 by 12 millimetres (1.42 in × 5.55 in × 0.47 in), which made it small and sleek compared to other calculators of the time.

The Sovereign was unusual because the casing was made from pressed steel, which gave it a much higher quality feel compared to injection moulded plastic. This allowed a variety of paint and plating options, including black painted, chrome-plated, silver-plated, and gold-plated, and a limited edition silver-plated version, inscribed to commemorate the Silver Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II in 1977, were also produced. Asprey of London was rumoured to have produced two Sovereigns in solid gold, costing £2,750 each.

The design, by John Pemberton, won the Design Council Award in 1977, as the Executive had in 1973, and there are examples in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Sovereigns are highly collectible, and used models command high prices.

### Functions

As well as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, it had reciprocal and square-root functions, and the ability to multiply by a fixed constant. With an eight-digit display, the calculator could display positive numbers between 0.0000001 and 99,999,999, and negative numbers between -0.000001 and -9,999,999. Calculators of the time tended to have displays of between 3 and 12 digits, as reducing the number of digits was an effective way of reducing the cost of the calculator. A number outside that range leads to an overflow, and the screen flashes and all keys except the clear key are rendered inoperable to inform the user of the error. An independent memory register could read information from the screen, and information could only be taken from the memory onto the screen. Five keys were used for memory operations.

The Sovereign used a Mostek MK50321N main integrated circuit, the same as the Sinclair Wrist Calculator and some variants of the Sinclair Cambridge. Clive Sinclair had assumed that people would prefer attractive illuminated LED displays to LCD displays, which incidentally also required more expensive CMOS chips. However, his calculators were designed with the assumption they would be turned off between calculations, which did not prove to be the case. Advertisements suggested that the batteries would last "about a year" under normal use, but in reality the small button cell batteries and comparatively high power consumption meant a short battery life compared to the competition.

### Citations

### Sources

## InfoBox

Sinclair Sovereign
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Manufacturer | Sinclair Research |
| Introduced | 1976 |
| Calculator | |
| Display type | Light-emitting diode |
| Display size | 8 digits |
| CPU | |
| Processor | Mostek MK50321N |
| Other | |
| Power supply | 2x 1.35V button cells |
| Dimensions | 36 by 141 by 12 millimetres (1.42 in × 5.55 in × 0.47 in) |


title: CF Balaguer

abstract: Club de Futbol Balaguer is a Spanish football team based in Balaguer, in the autonomous community of Catalonia. Founded in 1945 it currently plays in Tercera División – Group 5, holding home games at Municipal de Balaguer, with a capacity of 2,000 seats. Balaguer was the last club local-born Roberto Martínez played for in Spain before moving to England. Roberto's father managed CF Balaguer in the eighties.

text:
# CF Balaguer

**Club de Futbol Balaguer** is a Spanish football team based in Balaguer, in the autonomous community of Catalonia. Founded in 1945 it currently plays in Tercera División – Group 5, holding home games at *Municipal de Balaguer*, with a capacity of 2,000 seats. Balaguer was the last club local-born Roberto Martínez played for in Spain before moving to England. Roberto's father managed CF Balaguer in the eighties.

## History

Football first appeared in the city of Balaguer in 1916, when the students started to play each Thursday in the field near the current Municipal Theater.

## Season to season

| Season Tier Division Place Copa del Rey  1953/54 5 2ª Reg. 3rd   1954/55 4 1ª Reg. 5th   1955/56 4 1ª Reg. 12th   1956/57 4 1ª Reg. 1st   1957/58 3  14th   1958/59 4 1ª Reg. 6th   1959/60 4 1ª Reg. 3rd   1960/61 3  11th   1961/62 3  12th   1962/63 3  16th   1963/64 4 1ª Reg. 1st   1964/65 3  5th   1965/66 3  6th   1966/67 3  15th   1967/68 4 1ª Reg. 12th   1968/69 5 1ª Reg. 6th   1969/70 5 1ª Reg. 13th   1970/71 5 1ª Reg. 19th   1971/72 6 2ª Reg. 1st   1972/73 6 2ª Reg. 1st   1973/74 5 1ª Reg. 16th   1974/75 5 1ª Reg. 18th   1975/76 6 2ª Reg. 13th   1976/77 6 2ª Reg. 10th   1977/78 7 2ª Reg. 1st   1978/79 6 1ª Reg. 9th   1979/80 6 1ª Reg. 13th   1980/81 6 1ª Reg. 18th   1981/82 6 1ª Reg. 5th   1982/83 6 1ª Reg. 10th   1983/84 6 1ª Reg. 8th   1984/85 6 1ª Reg. 1st   1985/86 5 Reg. Pref. 4th | Season Tier Division Place Copa del Rey  1986/87 5 Reg. Pref. 4th   1987/88 4  11th   1988/89 4  15th   1989/90 4  12th   1990/91 4  1st   1991/92 4  2nd Second Round  1992/93 4  8th First Round  1993/94 4  5th   1994/95 4  7th   1995/96 4  7th   1996/97 4  18th   1997/98 5 1ª Cat. 1st   1998/99 4  5th   1999/00 4  1st   2000/01 4  2nd First Round  2001/02 4  13th   2002/03 4  20th   2003/04 5 1ª Cat. 3rd   2004/05 4  7th   2005/06 4  9th   2006/07 4  8th   2007/08 4  10th   2008/09 4  16th   2009/10 4  9th   2010/11 4  15th   2011/12 4  12th   2012/13 4  20th   2013/14 5 1ª Cat. 13th   2014/15 5 1ª Cat. 10th   2015/16 5 1ª Cat. 3rd   2016/17 5 1ª Cat. 3rd   2017/18 5 1ª Cat. 11th   2018/19 5 1ª Cat. 18th |
| --- | --- |

---

## Current squad

*As of 22 December 2018*

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  1 GK  ESP Alfred Peguero  2 DF  ESP Aleix Llusà  3 DF  ESP Xavier Gabernet  5 DF  ESP Joan Martínez  6 MF  ESP Víctor Darias  7 MF  ESP Hichem Boumedol  8 MF  ESP Carlos Martínez  9 FW  ESP Joan Vendrell  10 FW  GHA Obed Nii  12 MF  ESP Dorin Takacs  13 GK  ESP Marc Aceituno | No. Pos. Nation Player  14 FW  ESP Sergi Galcerán  15 MF  ESP Pau Solanes  16 DF  ESP Robert Font  17 DF  ESP Marcel Ormo  18 DF  ESP Rubén Egea  19 DF  ESP Jordi Jordana  20 DF  ESP Lluís Roqué  21 FW  ESP Xavier Gomà  22 MF  ESP Marc Sánchez  23 MF  ESP Eric Trota  24 DF  ESP Ramon Rueda |
| --- | --- |

## Notable players

## InfoBox

Balaguer
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Club de Futbol Balaguer |
| Founded | 1945 |
| Ground | Municipal, Balaguer,<br>Catalonia, Spain |
| Capacity | 2,000 |
| President | Antonio Ayguadé |
| Head coach | Salva Cambray |
| League | 2ª Catalana – Group 5 |
| 2018–19 | 1ª Catalana – Group 2, **18th** |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Eucalyptus scyphocalyx

abstract: Eucalyptus scyphocalyx, commonly known as goblet mallee, is a species of mallee that is endemic to southern areas of Western Australia. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three or seven, creamy white flowers and cup-shaped to cylindrical fruit.

text:
# Eucalyptus scyphocalyx

***Eucalyptus scyphocalyx***, commonly known as **goblet mallee**, is a species of mallee that is endemic to southern areas of Western Australia. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three or seven, creamy white flowers and cup-shaped to cylindrical fruit.

## Description

*Eucalyptus scyphocalyx* is a mallee that typically grows to a height of 2–6 m (6 ft 7 in – 19 ft 8 in) and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth pale brown and grey bark, although larger specimens often have a stocking of rough, ribbony bark near the base. Young plants and coppice regrowth have dull green, lance-shaped leaves that are 50–85 mm (2.0–3.3 in) long and 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in) wide. Adult leaves are the same shade of green on both sides, lance-shaped, 60–105 mm (2.4–4.1 in) long and 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in) wide, the base tapering to a petiole 8–23 mm (0.31–0.91 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of three or seven on an unbranched peduncle 3–16 mm (0.12–0.63 in) long, the individual buds on pedicels 2–5 mm (0.079–0.197 in) long. Mature buds are cylindrical to spindle-shaped, 7–13 mm (0.28–0.51 in) long and 4–7 mm (0.16–0.28 in) wide with a hemispherical to conical operculum. Flowering mainly occurs from July or September to December and the flowers are creamy white. The fruit is a woody cup-shaped to cylindrical capsule 6–11 mm (0.24–0.43 in) long and 7–9 mm (0.28–0.35 in) wide with the valves below rim level.

## Taxonomy and naming

The goblet mallet was first formally described in 1867 by George Bentham from an unpublished description by Ferdinand von Mueller. Bentham published the description in *Flora Australiensis* and the plant was given the name *Eucalyptus dumosa* var. *scyphocalyx*. In 1929, Joseph Maiden and William Blakely raised the variety to species status as *E. scyphocalyx*, publishing the change in Maiden's book *A Critical Revision of the Genus Eucalyptus*. The specific epithet (*scyphocalyx*) is from the ancient Greek word *scyphos*, referring to the cup-like calyx.

In 2001, Lawrie Johnson and Donald Blaxell described two subspecies of *E. scyphocalyx* in the journal *Telopea* and the names have been accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

* *Eucalyptus scyphocalyx* (F.Muell. ex Benth.) Maiden & Blakely subsp. *scyphocalyx* has flower buds in groups of seven;
* *Eucalyptus scyphocalyx* subsp. *triadica*  L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill has flower buds in groups of three.

## Distribution and habitat

*Eucalyptus scyphocalyx* is found on sand plains between Jerramungup, Ravensthorpe and Salmon Gums in the Great Southern and Goldfields-Esperance regions. Subspecies *triadica* has a more restricted distribution in an area northeast of Esperance.

## Conservation status

This eucalypt is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.

## InfoBox

| Goblet mallee | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Habit of *Eucalyptus scyphocalyx* north of Ongerup | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Eucalyptus* |
| Species: | ***E. scyphocalyx*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eucalyptus scyphocalyx***
(F.Muell. ex Benth.) Maiden & Blakley | |
|


title: The Crossing (Big Country album)

abstract: The Crossing is the debut album released by Scottish band Big Country in July 1983. The album reached #3 in the UK; overseas, it hit #4 in Canada on the RPM national Top Albums Chart and #18 in the US on the Billboard 200 in 1983. It went on to be certified platinum in the UK and Canada. It contains the song "In a Big Country" which is their only U.S. Top 40 hit single.

text:
# The Crossing (Big Country album)

***The Crossing*** is the debut album released by Scottish band Big Country in July 1983. The album reached #3 in the UK; overseas, it hit #4 in Canada on the *RPM* national Top Albums Chart and #18 in the US on the *Billboard* 200 in 1983. It went on to be certified platinum in the UK and Canada. It contains the song "In a Big Country" which is their only U.S. Top 40 hit single.

## Background

In May 1982, Big Country signed a recording contract with Phonogram and soon began recording what was supposed to be their debut album with producer Chris Thomas. However, the entire recording session would eventually be scrapped when Big Country felt Thomas was not fully committing to the band due to other production commitments. Three songs were salvaged from the sessions – "Harvest Home", "Balcony" and "Flag of Nations (Swimming)" – and released as the "Harvest Home" single in September 1982 through Phonogram's imprint Mercury Records, reaching number 91 in the UK Singles Chart.

With new producer Steve Lillywhite, the band recorded the single "Fields of Fire" in early 1983, which became a UK Top Ten hit. In May, on the back of the single's success, Lillywhite and the band proceeded to record *The Crossing*, which would include a re-recorded "Harvest Home".

Stuart Adamson and fellow guitarist Bruce Watson used the MXR Pitch Transposer 129 effect pedal to create a guitar sound reminiscent of bagpipes. Also contributing to the band's unique sound was their use of the e-bow, a hand-held device which, through the use of magnets, causes the strings of an electric guitar to vibrate producing a soft attack which sounds more like strings or synthesizer.

The album has been remastered and reissued on three occasions. The latest version released by Universal in 2012 in advance of the album's 30th anniversary includes a second disc of previously unissued demos. Also included in the set are tracks produced by Chris Thomas from the first abortive attempt to record the band's debut album. The demos include the earliest recordings done by Adamson and Watson, some of which were recorded on four-track prior to recruiting either a drummer or bassist for the band.

The set also includes a booklet with interviews (new in the case of the current band members and archived in the case of the late Stuart Adamson) by the journalist and author Tim Barr. Lyrics for all of the key songs are also included, and the album has been remastered by Paschal Byrne from the original master tapes. In total, ten previously unreleased tracks were included in the deluxe, digitally remastered edition.

## Music and lyrics

The songs on *The Crossing* deal with topics including loss ("Inwards," "Chance"), separation ("Close Action"), dehumanization ("Lost Patrol"), and the 1745 Jacobite Rebellion ("The Storm"). Many of the songs are characterized by Mark Brzezicki's highly-compressed drums and the heavily effects-treated, layered guitars of Adamson and Watson. The music often demonstrates a clear influence of Scottish traditional music, particularly obvious in the pipe-band rhythms of "In a Big Country" and "Fields of Fire" and the swirling, Gaelic guitar intro to "The Storm." This caused the band to be categorized as a Celtic rock band, which sometimes led to unfavorable comparisons with other bands such as Thin Lizzy.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Blender* |  |
| *Classic Rock* | 10/10 |
| *The Philadelphia Inquirer* |  |
|  |  |
| *Record Mirror* |  |
| *Rolling Stone* |  |
| *The Rolling Stone Album Guide* |  |
| *Smash Hits* | 4/10 |
| *The Village Voice* | B |

Critic Kurt Loder of *Rolling Stone* gave the album a glowing review, writing:

> Here's a big-noise guitar band from Britain that blows the knobs off all the synth-pop diddlers and fake-funk frauds who are cluttering up the charts these days. Big Country mops up the fops with an air-raid guitar sound that's unlike anything else around, anywhere ... Like the Irish band U2 (with whom they share young, guitar-wise producer Steve Lillywhite), Big Country has no use for synthesizers, and their extraordinary twin-guitar sound should make *The Crossing* a must-own item for rock die-hards.

## Track listings

All songs written by Stuart Adamson, Mark Brzezicki, Tony Butler, and Bruce Watson, except as indicated. On the US vinyl LP, the songs "1000 Stars" and "Fields of Fire" are in reversed order. The US CD release keeps the same order as below.

Side one 1. "In a Big Country" – 4:44
2. "Inwards" – 4:36
3. "Chance" – 4:26
4. "1000 Stars" – 3:50
5. "The Storm" – 6:19

Side two 1.
2. "Harvest Home" – 4:19
3. "Lost Patrol" – 4:52
4. "Close Action" – 4:15
5. "Fields of Fire (400 Miles)" – 3:31
6. "Porrohman" – 7:52

Additional tracks (cassette release) 1. "Angle Park" (Adamson, Watson) – 4:08
2. "Fields of Fire (400 Miles)" (Alternative Mix) (listed as '12" Mix') – 5:19
3. "Heart and Soul" – 5:13
4. "In a Big Country" (Pure Mix) (listed as '12" Mix') – 6:19

### *Wonderland EP* (US, 1984)

1. "Wonderland" – 3:56
2. "All Fall Together" – 5:05
3. "Angle Park" (Adamson, Watson) – 4:07
4. "The Crossing" – 7:04

### *Wonderland EP* (Canada, 1984)

1. "Wonderland" – 3:58
2. "Angle Park" (Adamson, Watson) – 4:08
3. "All Fall Together" – 5:16
4. "Chance" (Extended Re-Mix) – 6:10
5. "Heart and Soul" – 5:13
6. "The Crossing" – 7:10

### *Wonderland EP* (US only, 2002)

1. "Wonderland" – 3:58
2. "All Fall Together" (Jimmy Iovine remix) – 5:16
3. "Angle Park" (Adamson, Watson) – 4:08
4. "The Crossing" – 7:10
5. "Chance" (re-recorded single version) – 4:37

### 1996 re-issue bonus tracks

1.
2. "Angle Park" (Adamson, Watson) – 4:08
3. "All of Us" – 4:09
4. "The Crossing" – 7:09
5. "Heart and Soul" – 4:33 (This version fades out earlier than the version on the 1983 cassette release)

### 2012 30th anniversary deluxe edition

Disc 1 (bonus tracks) 1.
2. "Balcony" (Adamson, Watson) (B-side of "Harvest Home") – 3:55
3. "Flag of Nations (Swimming)" (Adamson, Watson) (B-side of "Harvest Home" 12")
4. "Angle Park" (Adamson, Watson) (B-side of "Fields of Fire")
5. "All of Us" (B-side of "In a Big Country")
6. "Heart and Soul" (B-side of "In a Big Country" 12")
7. "The Crossing" (B-side of "Chance" 12")
8. "Tracks of My Tears" (live) (Smokey Robinson, Warren Moore, Marvin Tarplin) (B-side of "Chance")

Disc 2 1. "Angle Park" (4-track demo, 1981) (Adamson, Watson) *
2. "Harvest Home" (4-track demo, 1981)\*
3. "We Could Laugh" (4-track demo, 1981) (Adamson, Watson)\*
4. "In a Big Country" (demo, 1983)
5. "The Storm" (demo, 1983)
6. "Big City" (demo, 1983)
7. "Fields of Fire" (*Riverside*, BBC TV, 1983)\*
8. "Lost Patrol" (demo, May 1982)\*
9. "Inwards" (demo, May 1982)\*
10. "1000 Stars" (Chris Thomas sessions, June 1982)\*
11. "Lost Patrol" (Chris Thomas sessions, June 1982)\*
12. "Inwards" (Chris Thomas sessions, June 1982)\*
13. "Close Action" (Chris Thomas sessions, June 1982)\*
14. "Fields of Fire" (demo, September 1982)
15. "1000 Stars" (demo, September 1982)
16. "Ring Out Bells" (demo, September 1982)
17. "Chance" (demo, September 1982)

## Personnel

Big Country

with:

* Christine Beveridge – additional vocals

Technical * Steve Lillywhite – producer
* Will Gosling – engineer
* Steve Chase – assistant engineer
* Mike Nocito – assistant engineer
* Julian Balme – sleeve
* Paul Cox – photography

## Production notes for deluxe edition bonus tracks

Disc 1 * Tracks 11–13 and 15 recorded in June 1982 at AIR Studios, London. Tracks 11, 12 and 15 produced by Chris Thomas, engineered by Bill Price; track 13 produced by Steve Churchyard and Big Country.
* Track 14 produced by Steve Lillywhite, Will Gosling and Big Country.
* Tracks 16 and 17 produced by Steve Lillywhite; track 17 recorded live on 4 July 1983 at Locarno Tiffany’s in Glasgow.

Disc 2 * Track 7 recorded at Riverside Studios, Hammersmith, for BBC2's *Riverside*; broadcast on 17 January 1983.
* Tracks 8 and 9 recorded by John Brandt in May 1982 at Phonogram Studio.
* Tracks marked with an asterisk (\*) are previously unreleased.
* Tracks 4–6 and 14–17 were previously released on *Rarities IV*, 2003.

## Chart performance

**Album**

| Chart (1983) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Albums Chart | 21 |
| Canadian Albums Chart | 4 |
| Dutch Albums Chart | 11 |
| New Zealand Albums Chart | 8 |
| Swedish Albums Chart | 17 |
| UK Albums Chart | 3 |
| U.S. Billboard 200 | 18 |

**Singles**

| Year | Single | Chart | Position |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1982 | Harvest Home | UK Singles Chart | 91 |
| 1983 | Fields of Fire | UK Singles Chart | 10 |
| 1983 | In a Big Country | *Billboard* Hot Dance Music/Club Play | 37 |
| 1983 | In a Big Country | *Billboard* Mainstream Rock | 3 |
| 1983 | In a Big Country | *Billboard* Hot 100 | 17 |
| 1983 | In a Big Country | *RPM* 50 Singles (Canada) | 3 |
| 1983 | In a Big Country | UK Singles Chart | 17 |
| 1983 | Chance | UK Singles Chart | 9 |
| 1984 | Fields of Fire | *Billboard* Hot 100 | 52 |

## Certifications

| Organization | Level | Date |
| --- | --- | --- |
| BPI – UK | Gold | 15 September 1983 |
| CRIA – Canada | Gold | 1 November 1983 |
| CRIA – Canada | Platinum | 1 December 1983 |
| RIAA – USA | Gold | 19 January 1984 |
| BPI – UK | Platinum | 9 February 1984 |

## InfoBox

| The Crossing | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Big Country | |
| Released | 29 July 1983 |
| Recorded | January and May 1983 |
| Studio | The Manor (Oxfordshire)
RAK (London) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 48:24 |
| Label | Mercury |
| Producer | Steve Lillywhite |
| Big Country chronology | |
| ***The Crossing***
(1983) *Steeltown*
(1984) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *The Crossing* | |
| 1. "Harvest Home"
Released: 17 September 1982 2. "Fields of Fire"
Released: 18 February 1983 3. "In a Big Country"
Released: 20 May 1983 4. "Chance"
Released: 26 August 1983 | |
|  | |


title: Daniel Tyler Jr.

abstract: Daniel Tyler Jr. was a Massachusetts political figure who served as Chairman of the Republican State Committee from 1950 to 1953, the Massachusetts State Housing Board from 1953 to 1957, and the Massachusetts Transit Authority from 1961 to 1963. He was also a delegate to the 1952 Republican National Convention from Massachusetts and a member of the Brookline, Massachusetts Board of Selectmen.

text:
# Daniel Tyler Jr.

**Daniel Tyler Jr.** (February 5, 1899 – May 22, 1967) was a Massachusetts political figure who served as Chairman of the Republican State Committee from 1950 to 1953, the Massachusetts State Housing Board from 1953 to 1957, and the Massachusetts Transit Authority from 1961 to 1963. He was also a delegate to the 1952 Republican National Convention from Massachusetts and a member of the Brookline, Massachusetts Board of Selectmen.

## Early life

Tyler was born on February 5, 1899, in Brookline, Massachusetts, to Daniel and Ethel Ward (Rogers) Tyler. He graduated from Brookline High School in 1917 and Yale University in 1921. During World War I he was a Naval aviator and served in the United States Army Coast Artillery Corps at Fort Banks. During the Boston police strike he volunteered with the mounted unit of the Massachusetts State Guard. On December 29, 1921, he married Jean E. Kimball of Chicago. They had three daughters.

## Politics

### Brookline

From 1922 until his death, Tyler was a Brookline town meeting member. In 1935 he challenged 25-year incumbent Walter J. Cusick for a seat on the Brookline board of selectmen, but lost by just over 100 votes. In 1938, Tyler faced Cusick again and this time won by a large margin. He remained on the board until 1953, when he was beaten by former selectman Edward Dane. He sought to return to the board in 1957, but was defeated by school committee member Thomas J. Noonan.

### State offices

Tyler served as Governor Leverett Saltonstall's chief of military aides and was a member of the Republican state committee from 1944 to 1948. On June 29, 1950, he was elected chairman of the Massachusetts Republican Party. In 1952 he endorsed Dwight D. Eisenhower for the Republican nomination for President of the United States. He remained party chairman until 1953, when he was appointed chairman of the state housing board by Governor Christian Herter. He was removed as chairman in 1957 by Democratic Governor Foster Furcolo and declined to stay on as a regular member of the board. From 1961 to 1964, Tyler was chairman of the Metropolitan Transit Authority.

## Business career

Tyler started in the shoe manufacturing business before becoming an assistant cashier at the National Shawmut Bank of Boston. He left banking to enter the warehouse business and served as president of the Galt Block Warehouse Company of Portland, Maine.

## Death

Tyler died on May 22, 1967, at New England Baptist Hospital. He was buried in Walnut Hills Cemetery in Brookline.


title: Senior (education)

abstract: The term senior, in regard to education, has different meanings depending on the country.

text:
# Senior (education)

The term **senior**, in regard to education, has different meanings depending on the country.

## United States

In the United States education, a **senior** is a student in the fourth year of study, either in high school or college/university.

### High school

The twelfth grade is the fourth and final year of a student's high school education. The year and the student are both referred to as senior. Senior year is when most students take college entrance exams (ACT or SAT) and actually apply to college/university. A common stereotype of high school seniors in the United States is that they suffer from "senioritis", a perceived laziness or lack of motivation to complete schoolwork in this year. This is due to the assumption that colleges and universities place greater emphasis on a student's performance during junior year when making admission decisions, and that poor academic performance during senior year won't matter because the senior will already have been admitted to college at the time of graduation. Alternatively, senior year is when students decide to pursue a trade and enroll in a relevant school or program rather than attending college/university. Some seniors decide to put off higher education in favor of entering the work force.

### Higher education

The fourth year of an undergraduate program is known as senior year, and 4th year students are known as seniors. Bachelor's degree programs are designed to be completed in four years, so the senior year is usually the final year of the program. Seniors are encouraged to take professional licensure exams, begin the process of job-hunting, or apply to graduate school in their senior year. Many colleges and universities might also require capstone projects or the completion of special seminars that require the student to demonstrate everything they've learned in their major or time at university in general.

### Super Senior

The term *super senior* is used in the United States to refer to a student who has not completed graduation requirements by the end of the fourth year, who is continuing to attempt to complete said requirements. The term refers primarily to college students taking additional courses, rather than high school students who would most likely be required to repeat courses. Although super seniors are stereotyped as students who were unable to complete their graduation requirements due to some personal failing or unforeseen circumstances, many super seniors take an additional year intentionally to take additional courses or acquire additional credentials.

## Canada

In the province of Ontario, high school students in their third year and above are considered to be seniors, while in the province of Alberta, only twelfth graders are counted as seniors even though both provinces are Canadian.

## United Kingdom

In England and Wales, students in their seventh year and above (11 years and older, post primary school) in secondary school are seniors. In Scotland, students in their fifth year and above are seniors.

## Nigeria

In Nigeria, senior secondary education is the education children receive after primary and junior secondary education and before the tertiary period. The appropriate age for senior secondary education in Nigeria is 11–18 years. The student is expected to write (West African Examination Council — WAEC) examination and/or National Examination Council (NECO) at the completion of six years of study. Every student is examined on 8–9 subjects. All students complete 4 core cross-cutting subjects: English language, General Mathematics, Civic Education and Trade/Entrepreneurship.


title: Scottish Built Ships database

abstract: The Scottish Built Ships database is a free-to-use record of over 35,000 ships built in Scotland. It was renamed from the "Clyde Built Ships" database when its scope was extended to cover the whole country's ship and boatbuilders. With a standard format, the extent of information varies from ship to ship, and additional information is being continually added by a team of voluntary editors. The records can be easily searched from a search page.

text:
# Scottish Built Ships database

The **Scottish Built Ships** database is a free-to-use record of over 35,000 ships built in Scotland. It was renamed from the "Clyde Built Ships" database when its scope was extended to cover the whole country's ship and boatbuilders.

With a standard format, the extent of information varies from ship to ship, and additional information is being continually added by a team of voluntary editors. The records can be easily searched from a search page.


title: Castranova

abstract: Castranova is a commune in Dolj County, Oltenia, Romania with a population of 3,644 people. It is composed of two villages, Castranova and Puțuri.

text:
# Castranova

**Castranova** is a commune in Dolj County, Oltenia, Romania with a population of 3,644 people. It is composed of two villages, Castranova and Puțuri.

## InfoBox

| Castranova | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| CastranovaLocation in Romania | |
| Coordinates: 44°7′N 24°1′E / 44.117°N 24.017°E / 44.117; 24.017 | |
| Country | Romania |
| County | Dolj |
| Population (2021-12-01) | 3,341 |
| Time zone | EET/EEST (UTC+2/+3) |
| Vehicle reg. | DJ |


title: Ram Pura

abstract: Ram Pura is a small village in Nakodar. Nakodar is a tehsil in the city Jalandhar of Indian state of Punjab.

text:
# Ram Pura

**Ram Pura** is a small village in Nakodar. Nakodar is a tehsil in the city Jalandhar of Indian state of Punjab.

## STD code

Ram Pura's STD code is 01821.

## InfoBox

| Ram Pura | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| Ram PuraLocation in Punjab, IndiaRam PuraRam Pura (India) | |
| Coordinates: 31°06′57″N 75°33′48″E / 31.115745°N 75.563428°E / 31.115745; 75.563428 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Punjab |
| District | Jalandhar |
| Talukas | Nakodar |
| Languages | |
| Official | Punjabi |
| Regional | Punjabi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 144039 |
| Telephone code | 0181 |
| Vehicle registration | PB\- 08 |
| Nearest city | Nakodar |


title: Jon Tuck

abstract: Jonathan Cruz Tuck is a Chamorro professional mixed martial artist. Tuck is the first Chamorro native from Guam to be signed by the Ultimate Fighting Championship, and competes at the Lightweight division. His official nickname is the "Super Saiyan", taken from the Japanese manga series Dragon Ball.

text:
# Jon Tuck

Jon Tuck
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Representing  Guam | | |
| Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu | | |
| World Professional Jiu-Jitsu Cup | | |
|  | 2010 Abu Dhabi, UAE | Open Light |
|  | 2010 Abu Dhabi, UAE | -78 kg |

**Jonathan Cruz Tuck** (born August 28, 1984) is a Chamorro professional mixed martial artist. Tuck is the first Chamorro native from Guam to be signed by the Ultimate Fighting Championship, and competes at the Lightweight division. His official nickname is the "Super Saiyan", taken from the Japanese manga series *Dragon Ball*.

## Background

Tuck grew up with a love of martial arts, which he attributes to being from the culture of warriors, the Chamorros. Tuck began training in Brazilian jiu-jitsu and MMA with his cousin, about six years before coming to the UFC. Tuck attended college at the University of Guam and was studying physical education before putting his education on hold because of his career in fighting. However, he does plan on finishing his college education in the near future. Before becoming a professional MMA fighter, Tuck also worked as a power plant operator.

## Mixed martial arts career

### Early career

Tuck made his professional debut in 2007, earning his first win over Joe Nauta via rear-naked choke early in the first round. His second fight was against John Salas, winning via TKO (doctor stoppage).

On November 17, 2007, Tuck made his debut in Pacific Xtreme Combat against Giovanni Sablan. He shows his grappling skills by defeating Sablan via rear-naked choke. After a year layoff he returned to fighting. He defeated Thomas Calvo via Rear-Naked-Choke in the first round.

On November 21, 2009, he made his debut in Gorilla Warfare, in a Superfight against his toughest opponent yet, URCC Welterweight Champion, Martial Combat Champion, ONE FC Lightweight Champion Eduard Folayang. He defeated Folayang via KO in just eight seconds.

### Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu career

Tuck competed in the World Professional Jiu-Jitsu Cup. He won the gold medal in the finals against Mohammed Naser in the Open Light division. Despite having a knee injury, Tuck competed in the -78 kg division placing second, which secured him the silver medal.

### Comeback in MMA

After competing in Brazilian jiu-jitsu tournaments all over the world, Tuck finally returned to MMA, defeating former Strikeforce fighter Tristan Arenal. Tuck got hit with some solid punches, stayed calm and composed. Tuck got a takedown, then knocked Arenal unconscious with ground and pound punches.

### The Ultimate Fighter

In February 2012, Tuck was announced as a cast member of The Ultimate Fighter 15. In his first fight, Tuck lost via unanimous decision to eventual finalist Al Iaquinta in the elimination round to get into the house. Tuck dislocated a toe during the fight.

### Ultimate Fighting Championship

Tuck made his official promotional when he faced Zhang Tiequan on November 10, 2012, at UFC on Fuel TV 6. Tuck won the fight via unanimous decision.

Tuck was expected to face Norman Parke on April 20, 2013, at UFC on Fox 7. However, the bout was scrapped during the week leading up to the event as Tuck was forced out of the bout with an injury.

The rescheduled bout with Parke eventually took place on October 26, 2013, at UFC Fight Night 30. Tuck lost the fight via unanimous decision.

Tuck was expected to face Yosdenis Cedeno on June 7, 2014, at UFC Fight Night 42. However, Cedeno pulled out of the bout in early May citing an injury and was replaced by promotional newcomer Jake Lindsey. He won the fight via submission in the third round due to heel strikes to the body.

Tuck faced Kevin Lee on September 27, 2014, at UFC 178. He lost the fight via unanimous decision.

Tuck faced Tae Hyun Bang on May 16, 2015, at UFC Fight Night 66. Tuck won the fight via submission in the first round, which also produced a *Performance of the Night* bonus.

Tuck was expected to face Nick Hein on May 8, 2016, at UFC Fight Night 87. However, just days before the event, Hein pulled out citing injury. He was replaced by promotional newcomer Josh Emmett. Tuck lost the back and forth fight via split decision.

Tuck was scheduled to face Mehdi Baghdad on October 15, 2016, at UFC Fight Night 97. However, Baghdad pulled out of the fight in mid-September citing injury and was replaced by promotional newcomer Alex Volkanovski. In turn, the promotion announced on October 6 that they had cancelled the event entirely. Tuck was quickly rescheduled to face Damien Brown on November 27, 2016, at UFC Fight Night 101. He lost the fight by controversial split decision.

Tuck faced Takanori Gomi on June 17, 2017, at UFC Fight Night: Holm vs. Correia. He won the fight by submission (rear-naked choke) in the first round.

Tuck faced Drew Dober on August 25, 2018, at UFC Fight Night 135. He lost the fight by unanimous decision and was subsequently released from the promotion.

### Bellator

On September 4, 2019, news surfaced that Tuck will be replacing injured Paul Redmond on short notice against Brandon Girtz at Bellator Dublin on September 27, 2019. Eventually only a week before the fight, Girtz withdrew from the bout due to an injury leading to Tuck being removed from the card as well.

## Championships and accomplishments

## Mixed martial arts record

Professional record breakdown
| **16 matches** | **11 wins** | **5 losses** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **By knockout** | 5 | 0 |
| **By submission** | 5 | 0 |
| **By decision** | 1 | 5 |

| Res. | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time | Location | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Win | 11–5 | Ryuichiro Sumimura | KO (punch) | Bellator & Rizin: Japan | December 29, 2019 | 1 | 3:45 | Saitama, Japan |  |
| Loss | 10–5 | Drew Dober | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Gaethje vs. Vick | August 25, 2018 | 3 | 5:00 | Lincoln, Nebraska, United States |  |
| Win | 10–4 | Takanori Gomi | Submission (rear-naked choke) | UFC Fight Night: Holm vs. Correia | June 17, 2017 | 1 | 1:12 | Kallang, Singapore |  |
| Loss | 9–4 | Damien Brown | Decision (split) | UFC Fight Night: Whittaker vs. Brunson | November 27, 2016 | 3 | 5:00 | Melbourne, Australia |  |
| Loss | 9–3 | Josh Emmett | Decision (split) | UFC Fight Night: Overeem vs. Arlovski | May 8, 2016 | 3 | 5:00 | Rotterdam, Netherlands |  |
| Win | 9–2 | Tae Hyun Bang | Submission (rear-naked choke) | UFC Fight Night: Edgar vs. Faber | May 16, 2015 | 1 | 3:56 | Pasay, Philippines | Performance of the Night. |
| Loss | 8–2 | Kevin Lee | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 178 | September 27, 2014 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Tuck was deducted one point for a groin kick in round two. |
| Win | 8–1 | Jake Lindsey | TKO (submission to heel strikes) | UFC Fight Night: Henderson vs. Khabilov | June 7, 2014 | 3 | 2:47 | Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States |  |
| Loss | 7–1 | Norman Parke | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Machida vs. Munoz | October 26, 2013 | 3 | 5:00 | Manchester, England |  |
| Win | 7–0 | Zhang Tiequan | Decision (unanimous) | UFC on Fuel TV: Franklin vs. Le | November 10, 2012 | 3 | 5:00 | Macau, SAR, China |  |
| Win | 6–0 | Tristan Arenal | KO (punches) | Pacific Xtreme Combat 28 | November 26, 2011 | 1 | 3:47 | Pasig, Philippines |  |
| Win | 5–0 | Eduard Folayang | KO (punch) | GW 3 | November 21, 2009 | 1 | 0:08 | Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands |  |
| Win | 4–0 | Thomas Calvo | Submission (rear-naked choke) | Pacific Xtreme Combat 17 | March 27, 2009 | 1 | 1:58 | Mangilao, Guam |  |
| Win | 3–0 | Giovanni Sablan | Submission (rear-naked choke) | Pacific Xtreme Combat 13 | November 17, 2007 | 1 | 4:41 | Mangilao, Guam |  |
| Win | 2–0 | John Salas | TKO (doctor stoppage) | GHBW 2 | May 28, 2007 | 1 | 5:00 | Hagåtña, Guam |  |
| Win | 1–0 | Joe Neuta | Submission (rear-naked choke) | GHBW 1 | February 9, 2007 | 1 | 2:13 | Agana, Guam |  |

### Mixed martial arts exhibition record

| Res. | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time | Location | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Loss | 0–1 | Al Iaquinta | Decision (unanimous) | The Ultimate Fighter: Live | March 9, 2012 | 1 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | One-round TUF entry fight. |

## InfoBox

| Jon Tuck | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Jonathan Cruz Tuck
(1984-08-28) August 28, 1984
Chalan Pago-Ordot, Guam |
| Other names | Super Saiyan |
| Height | 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) |
| Weight | 156 lb (71 kg; 11.1 st) |
| Division | Lightweight |
| Reach | 73 in (185 cm) |
| Stance | Orthodox |
| Fighting out of | Hagatna, Guam |
| Team | Kings MMA Guam Martial Arts Academy |
| Rank | Black belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu |
| Years active | 2007–present |
|  | |
| Mixed martial arts record | |
| **Total** | 16 |
| **Wins** | 11 |
| By knockout | 5 |
| By submission | 5 |
| By decision | 1 |
| **Losses** | 5 |
| By decision | 5 |
|  | |
| Mixed martial arts record from Sherdog | |


title: Chandler Mill Bridge

abstract: Chandler Mill Bridge, also known as Chester County Bridge No. 236, is a historic steel bridge located in Kennett Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. It spans the West Branch of Red Clay Creek. It is a single span, 47-foot-long (14 m), built up steel plate girder bridge. The bridge was constructed in 1910, and features stone abutments and wingwalls. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. The bridge has been closed since May 6, 2011, due to its deteriorating condition.

text:
# Chandler Mill Bridge

**Chandler Mill Bridge**, also known as Chester County Bridge No. 236, is a historic steel bridge located in Kennett Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. It spans the West Branch of Red Clay Creek. It is a single span, 47-foot-long (14 m), built up steel plate girder bridge. The bridge was constructed in 1910, and features stone abutments and wingwalls.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

The bridge has been closed since May 6, 2011, due to its deteriorating condition.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Chandler Mill Bridge | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Chandler Mill Bridge, March 2010 | |
|  | |
| Location | Chandler Mill Road over West Branch Red Clay Creek, Kennett Township, Pennsylvania |
| Coordinates | 39°48′48″N 75°42′48″W / 39.81333°N 75.71333°W / 39.81333; -75.71333 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1910 |
| Built by | George Dole |
| Architect | Nathan R. Rambo |
| Architectural style | built-up plate through girder |
| NRHP reference No. | 09001213 |
| Added to NRHP | January 11, 2010 |


title: 1060s in art

abstract: The decade of the 1060s in art involved some significant events.

text:
# 1060s in art

| 1050s . **1060s in art** . 1070s |
| --- |
| Art timeline |

The decade of the **1060s in art** involved some significant events.

## Events

## Paintings

* 1061: Cui Bai paints *"Double Happiness", also known as "Two Jays and a Hare"*

## Births

## Deaths

## InfoBox

| List of years in art (table) |
| --- |
|  |
| *+...* |