title: Robin Hood's Bay Lifeboat Station

abstract: Robin Hood's Bay Lifeboat Station was a Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) lifeboat station, situated at Robin Hood's Bay, on the coast of North Yorkshire, England. The lifeboat station had been operating for just over 100 years intermittently when it was closed by the RNLI in 1931. The withdrawal of the lifeboat capability from Robin Hood's Bay was due to the Whitby lifeboat being able to be launched from Whitby, and into the bay at Robin Hood's Bay, before the bay lifeboat itself could be manhandled into the sea.

text:
# Robin Hood's Bay Lifeboat Station

**Robin Hood's Bay Lifeboat Station** was a Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) lifeboat station, situated at Robin Hood's Bay, on the coast of North Yorkshire, England. The lifeboat station had been operating for just over 100 years intermittently when it was closed by the RNLI in 1931. The withdrawal of the lifeboat capability from Robin Hood's Bay was due to the Whitby lifeboat being able to be launched from Whitby, and into the bay at Robin Hood's Bay, before the bay lifeboat itself could be manhandled into the sea.

## History

The first boat to be used as a lifeboat at Robin Hood's Bay was a coble converted into a lifeboat by the boatbuilder Harton of Limehouse in London. Ships were often wrecked in the bay; some have stated that this is down to the ironstone in the reef which extends out to sea from Ravenscar. The iron was thought to have affected ships compasses, though this has never been proven. The announcement of a new lifeboat and lifeboat station for Robin Hood's Bay was made in October 1839, and this was used for 16 years before falling into disuse in 1855. A ship named *Emporium* was wrecked off the coast between Robin Hood's Bay and Whitby, with a newspaper report stating their regret that the lifeboat hadn't been launched. It stated that an RNLI inspector had visited not long before the wreck, and he had said the boat was good, but the gear was not in order.

In 1843, six of the lifeboat crew died when they launched in a storm to the rescue of a brig (the *William and Ann*), in distress in the bay. They successfully helped the crew into the lifeboat when a hug wave capsized the boat. All lifeboatmen and crew of the brig drowned. Although listed as ineffective or disused, the lifeboat at Robin Hood's Bay was mentioned in Hansard from 1874, stating that it was 7 miles (11 km) south-east of Whitby, and some 8 miles (13 km) north-east of Scarborough, the two next nearest lifeboat stations.

The revival of a lifeboat, and the building of a new lifeboat station in 1881, was due to the efforts needed to get to the brig *Visiter* (or *Visitor*), which had become stranded in a storm in the bay off Robin Hood's Bay in January 1881. The old lifeboat within Robin Hood's Bay was not seaworthy, and an approach by sea from one of the Whitby lifeboats proved useless. So the other Whitby lifeboat (the *Robert Whitworth*) was put on its carriage and taken the 8 miles (13 km) overland through 6 feet (1.8 m) snowdrifts to be launched form the slipway at Robin Hood's Bay, in a process that took over three hours.

In late 1881, the RNLI took over running the lifeboat, and they presented the station with a 32 feet (9.8 m) boat named the *Ephraim and Hannah Fox*, which initially only had one local volunteer (the rest of the men preferred to stay with the rocket brigade). A crew from Whitby made up the numbers on the lifeboat until such a time as all men on the boat were recruited locally. The lifeboat house was built to a standard design by the official RNLI architect, and was placed just inland from the main slipway into the sea at Robin Hood's Bay, on land donated by Sir Charles Strickland. The *Ephraim and Hannah Fox* served for 23 years, being replaced in 1903 by the *Mary Ann Lockwood*. The second boat served for 28 years and was launched 35 times, with records stating that her crews rescued 53 people during that period.

A rescue undertaken in 1908, resulted in the lifeboat being washed ashore by heavy seas, and all the oars being smashed by the swell. However, all the lifeboat crew and the crew of the *Reperio* were saved. Another rescue occurred in October 1919, when the *Cap Palos*, a five-masted schooner was stranded in the bay, and the lifeboat went out four times to rescue the crew. The heavy swell later washed the ship ashore, and she spent a year on the beach at Robin Hood's Bay before being refloated and towed to Whitby.

The lifeboat station at Robin Hood's Bay was closed in 1931, as it was found that the Whitby lifeboat could in the bay before the Robin Hood's Bay lifeboat could be manhandled into the sea. The cobbled slipway at Robin Hood's Bay (known as *Way Foot*), is steep and the combined weight of the lifeboat and carriage was 7 tonnes (7.7 tons). This made launching the lifeboat very time-consuming. Another problem was during the winter storms, when it was almost impossible to get the lifeboat back safely, and the crew had to spend hours out at sea with those they had rescued before they could return. In all, only four boats had been used at Robin Hood's Bay between 1830 and 1931.

One of the boards commemorating rescues undertaken by the lifeboat crews between 1893 and 1929, is hung on the wall of the old parish church on the hill overlooking Fylingthorpe, Raw and Robin Hood's Bay. The lifeboat house building is now a shelter and public convenience.

At the top of the cobbled slip, just a few yards from the old boathouse, still stands a unique RNLI Coin Collection Box, in the shape of a (Cod) Fish, dating from 1887. It is listed on the National Heritage List for England as a grade II listed building, and meets the criteria for listing *"as an example of Victorian public statuary and can be seen as a memorial to fishermen lost at sea and the bravery of RNLI volunteers."*

## Robin Hood's Bay lifeboats

| Dates in service | Class | ON | Name | Comments |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1881−1903 | 32-foot Self-righting (P&S) | 234 | *Ephraim and Hannah Fox* | Boat measured 32 feet (9.8 m) by 8 feet (2.4 m). |
| 1903–1931 | 34-foot Self-righting (P&S) | 499 | *Mary Ann Lockwood* | Boat measured 34 feet (10 m) by 8.5 feet (2.6 m). On decommissioning from the RNLI, the boat was converted into a cabin cruiser at Smith and Son boatbuilders in Goole, for a private buyer. |
|

1. The Cap Palos was repaired, but when she set sail from Whitby, she experienced a heavy south-westerly gale and returned to the Whitby Roads (an area of deep water just offshore from the mouth of the River Esk). However, she broke free from her mooring and drifted southwards with the Whitby lifeboat following for seven hours before a rescue could be effected. The *Cap Palos* lies in 50 feet (15 m) of water between Scarborough and Flamborough.
1. Leach, Nicholas (2018). *The Lifeboat Service in England; the North East Coast, Station by Station*. Stroud: Amberley. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-4456-6832-1.
2. Farnhill 1990, p. 73.
3. "A life-boat has long been wanted at Robin Hood's Bay, on the coast of Yorkshire". *The Times*. No. 17170. 11 October 1839. p. 7. ISSN 0140-0460.
4. "The disaster to "The Emporium"". *York Herald*. No. 4277. 28 October 1854. p. 3. OCLC 1325754826.
5. Farnhill 1990, p. 72.
6. "Another dreadful shipwreck – Whitby". *The Times*. No. 18213. 7 February 1843. p. 5. ISSN 0140-0460.
7. "Pilotage, wrecks and casualties". *Parliamentary papers (House of Commons and Command)*. **61**. London: Great Britain Parliament House of Commons: 172. 1874. OCLC 220735047.
8. Chrystal 2012, p. 48.
9. "Scarborough Maritime Heritage Centre | Robin Hoods Bay epic lifeboat rescue and terrible tragedy". *scarboroughsmaritimeheritage.org.uk*. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
10. Lidster 1995, p. 18.
11. Ellis, Jane (2018). "19; The 'Visiter' sea rescue, Robin Hood's Bay". *The History Tree*. Danby: North Yorkshire Moors Association. p. 70. ISBN 9780956577955.
12. Lidster 1995, pp. 18−19.
13. "Whitby". *The Yorkshire Herald and the York Herald*. No. 7673. 23 September 1881. p. 7. OCLC 1325754826.
14. Lidster 1995, p. 20.
15. "Shipping accidents". *The Times*. No. 38, 843. 30 December 1908. p. 8. ISSN 0140-0460.
16. Lidster 1983, p. 8.
17. "Two wrecks at sea". *Hull Daily Mail*. No. 10, 964. 16 November 1920. p. 6. OCLC 500154670.
18. Defieux, Charles (29 November 1971). "Of ships and men; schooner built here". *The Vancouver Sun*. No. 86–48. p. 36. OCLC 1080970201.
19. Lidster 1995, p. 19.
20. Page, William (1968). *The Victoria history of the county of York, North Riding volume 2*. London: Dawsons of Pall Mall for the University of London Institute of Historical Research. p. 535. ISBN 0712903100.
21. Lidster 1983, p. 16.
22. Lidster 1983, p. 25.
23. Chrystal 2012, p. 46.
24. "Old church of St Stephen, Fylingdales, North Yorkshire" (PDF). *visitchurches.org.uk*. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
25. Gower, E. (1978). *Robin Hood's Bay*. Clapham: Dalesman Books. p. 9. ISBN 0852064624.
26. Historic England. "THE FISH, ROBIN HOODS BAY (1391560)". *National Heritage List for England*. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
27. "East coast lifeboat to be converted at Goole". *Hull Daily Mail*. No. 14, 388. 27 November 1931. p. 9. OCLC 500154670.

### Sources

* Chrystal, Paul (2012). *Lifeboat Stations of North East England; From Sunderland to The Humber, Through Time*. Stroud: Amberley. ISBN 978-1-4456-1376-5.
* Farnhill, Barrie (1990). *A history of Robin Hood's Bay*. North York Moors National Park Authority. ISBN 0-907480-22-5.
* Lidster, J. Robin (1983). *Robin Hood's Bay in old picture postcards*. Zaltbommel: European Library. ISBN 9789028824782.
* Lidster, J. Robin (1995). *Robin Hood's Bay as it was; a pictorial history* (5 ed.). Nelson: Hendon Publishing. ISBN 0-86067-063-5.
* Leonard, Richie; Denton, Tony (2024). *Lifeboat Enthusiasts Handbook 2024*. Lifeboat Enthusiasts Society. pp. 4–132.

## InfoBox

| Robin Hood's Bay Lifeboat Station | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Former lifeboat station, Robin Hood's Bay | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Type | RNLI Lifeboat Station |
| Location | Robin Hood's Bay, North Yorkshire |
| Country | England |
| Coordinates | 54°25′48″N 0°31′55″W / 54.430°N 0.532°W / 54.430; -0.532 |
| Opened | 1881 |
| Closed | 1931 |


title: Eldorado, Nebraska

abstract: Eldorado is an unincorporated community in Clay County, Nebraska, United States.

text:
# Eldorado, Nebraska

**Eldorado** is an unincorporated community in Clay County, Nebraska, United States.

## History

Eldorado is derived from a Spanish name meaning "golden" and the community was so named by account of its golden soil. A post office was established at El Dorado in 1888, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1942.

40°41′03″N 97°59′44″W / 40.68417°N 97.99556°W / 40.68417; -97.99556

## InfoBox

| Eldorado, Nebraska | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated Community | |
| Eldorado, NebraskaEldorado, Nebraska | |
| Coordinates: 40°42′N 98°00′W / 40.7°N 98°W / 40.7; -98 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Nebraska |
| County | Clay |


title: Russell Keat

abstract: Russell Keat is a political theorist and retired academic. He was Professor of Political Theory at the University of Edinburgh from 1994 until his retirement in 2006.

text:
# Russell Keat

**Russell Keat** is a political theorist and retired academic. He was Professor of Political Theory at the University of Edinburgh from 1994 until his retirement in 2006.

## Education and career

Keat was educated at the University of Oxford, where he graduated with a BA and then completed a postgraduate BPhil degree. He began lecturing at Lancaster University in 1970 and spent 24 years there, before moving to the University of Edinburgh in 1994 to take up the Chair in Political Theory. He retired in 2006 and since then he has been an emeritus professor at Edinburgh.

According to his departmental profile, Keat's research "is concerned with the ethical character and impact of market institutions, including issues about market boundaries, consumer sovereignty, cultural goods, and varieties of capitalism."

## Publications

* (Co-authored with John Urry) *Social Theory as Science* (Routledge, 1975; 2nd. ed 1982; 3rd ed., 2012).
* *The Politics of Social Theory* (University of Chicago Press, 1981).
* (Co-authored with Michael Hammond and Jane Howarth) *Understanding Phenomenology* (Blackwell, 1991).
* (Edited with Nicholas Abercrombie and Nigel Whiteley) *Enterprise Culture* (Routledge, 1991; 2nd ed., 2012)
* (Edited with Nicholas Abercrombie and Nigel Whiteley) *The Authority of the Consumer* (Routledge, 1994).
* *Cultural Goods and the Limits of the Market* (Palgrave, 2000).


title: Świdy, Lublin Voivodeship

abstract: Świdy is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Susiec, within Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) west of Tomaszów Lubelski and 105 km (65 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

text:
# Świdy, Lublin Voivodeship

**Świdy** \[ˈɕfidɨ\] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Susiec, within Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) west of Tomaszów Lubelski and 105 km (65 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

## InfoBox

| Świdy | |
| --- | --- |
| Settlement | |
| Świdy | |
| Coordinates: 50°25′21″N 23°16′49″E / 50.42250°N 23.28028°E / 50.42250; 23.28028 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Tomaszów Lubelski |
| Gmina | Susiec |


title: Chelsea Barracks

abstract:
Chelsea Barracks was a British Army barracks located in the City of Westminster, London, between the districts of Belgravia, Chelsea and Pimlico on Chelsea Bridge Road.
The barracks closed in the late 2000s, and the site is currently being redeveloped for residential use by Qatari Diar, a subsidiary of the Qatar Investment Authority (QIA).

text:
# Chelsea Barracks

**Chelsea Barracks** was a British Army barracks located in the City of Westminster, London, between the districts of Belgravia, Chelsea and Pimlico on Chelsea Bridge Road. The barracks closed in the late 2000s, and the site is currently being redeveloped for residential use by Qatari Diar, a subsidiary of the Qatar Investment Authority (QIA).

## History

The original barracks, designed by George Morgan to house two battalions of infantry, were completed in 1862. The barracks comprised a long and monotonous brick structure broken by towers in the centre. The original arrangement included a chapel, which survives, and the interior of which includes pictures of King David, the Prophet Joshua, Saint John and Saint James, as well as some panels listing the names of soldiers killed in action. It is now a Grade II listed building, used by the King's Foundation for exhibitions and events.

In the late 1950s, the original buildings, excluding the chapel, were demolished, and in June 1960, construction started on two 13-storey concrete tower-blocks designed by Tripe and Wakeham, which were completed in 1962. The tower blocks were used to accommodate four companies from the Guards Regiments. A nail-bomb attack on the barracks by the Provisional Irish Republican Army on 10 October 1981 killed two civilians and injured up to 50.

## Development of the site

On 6 September 2005 Secretary of State for Defence, John Reid, announced that Chelsea Barracks would be sold. He described it as needing extensive renovations. The site was vacated in 2008 with the troops transferred to the Royal Artillery Barracks at Woolwich. The site was part of the Ministry of Defence's Project MoDEL that saw it and five other sites across London sold off, mainly for housing.

Westminster City Council published its draft planning brief for the Chelsea Barracks site in September 2006. It included a commitment to develop 50% of the site with affordable housing. A Community Forum was established by local residents in April 2006 with the support of Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, John Hutton MP, to campaign for greater transparency in the sale of the barracks site and for the 50% affordable homes commitment to be realised.

### 2007 sale

The barracks is in one of London's most expensive residential areas and was originally expected to sell for £250 million. In April 2007 the Ministry of Defence agreed to sell Chelsea Barracks in its 12.8 acres (5.2 ha) site for £959 million to a consortium consisting of Qatari Diar and the CPC Group. On 1 February 2008, the joint venture took possession of the site. Subsequently, CPC's interest in the joint venture company, Project Blue Ltd, was acquired by Qatari Diar, which now owns 100% of the site.

### Withdrawn Richard Rogers scheme

In 2008, a proposed scheme for the barracks site - designed by Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners \- was submitted to Westminster Council. The masterplan was a contemporary design with series of copper, glass and concrete pavilions - with 638 residential units including 50% affordable units.

However, the proposal was criticised by Prince Charles, who preferred a more traditional design for the site. The developers Qatari Diar subsequently withdrew the planning application in June 2009. Richard Rogers publicly criticised the Prince's intervention following the withdrawal.

In May 2010, some of the developers made an £81 million claim at the High Court, blaming Prince Charles for the withdrawal of a planning application. The claim was later reduced to £68 million. The High Court ruled that Qatari Diar breached a contract with developers CPC Group when it withdrew Richard Rogers' Chelsea Barracks scheme. The High Court handed a partial victory to property development firm CPC Group, who demanded compensation after plans to redevelop London's Chelsea Barracks were shelved. Christian and Nick Candy blamed an intervention by Prince Charles for giving their partners, Qatari Diar, cold feet. Prince Charles was quoted as saying the Chelsea Barracks project would be "a gigantic experiment with the very soul of our capital city" and went on saying "it should be scrapped in favour of something more old-fashioned". High Court judge, Mr. Justice Vos ruled that Charles' intervention in the design of the project was immediately recognized and raised serious political issues that needed to be dealt with at the highest level, inferring that Charles had intervened unlawfully.

### New masterplan

A new masterplan - designed by Squire and Partners \- was approved by Westminster Council in 2011. The site will be built over multiple phases over several years. The scheme will have 448 residential units including 123 affordable units (27%), as well as a new leisure centre, NHS medical centre, community centre and local shops.

In May 2014, Westminster Council granted detailed planning consent for the first phase of the scheme, consisting of 68 apartments across three eight-storey blocks and includes five new garden squares. Construction on this first phase began in 2015. Residents began to move into the development in October 2019.

## InfoBox

| Chelsea Barracks | |
| --- | --- |
| London | |
| Chelsea Barracks circa 1870 | |
| Chelsea BarracksLocation within London | |
| Coordinates | 51°29′20″N 00°09′11″W / 51.48889°N 0.15306°W / 51.48889; -0.15306 |
| Type | Residential (Former Army Barracks) |
| Site information | |
| Owner | Qatari Diar |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1860–1862 |
| Built for | War Office |
| In use | 1862–2008 |


title: Ebenezer, South Australia

abstract: Ebenezer is a locality in the northern Barossa Valley of South Australia. It includes the historic Ebenezer settlement settled by 72 Wendish Lutherans who had migrated from Silesia in January 1852. The modern locality of Ebenezer includes the nearby Neukirch settlement founded in 1854 by another group of Lutheran immigrants. Neukirch was renamed to Dimchurch in 1918 as part of the wholesale removal of German placenames in South Australia. The original name was restored in 1975. In either 1868 or 1869, 56 German settlers left Ebenezer in 14 covered wagons and two spring carts to settle in the town of Walla Walla in the Riverina area of New South Wales. Ebenezer originally started in 1851 a private sub-division in the cadastral unit of the Hundred of Belvidere. Boundaries were created for the “long established name” in 2000.

text:
# Ebenezer, South Australia

**Ebenezer** is a locality in the northern Barossa Valley of South Australia. It includes the historic Ebenezer settlement settled by 72 Wendish Lutherans who had migrated from Silesia in January 1852.

The modern locality of Ebenezer includes the nearby **Neukirch** settlement founded in 1854 by another group of Lutheran immigrants. Neukirch was renamed to **Dimchurch** in 1918 as part of the wholesale removal of German placenames in South Australia. The original name was restored in 1975.

In either 1868 or 1869, 56 German settlers left Ebenezer in 14 covered wagons and two spring carts to settle in the town of Walla Walla in the Riverina area of New South Wales.

Ebenezer originally started in 1851 a private sub-division in the cadastral unit of the Hundred of Belvidere. Boundaries were created for the “long established name” in 2000.

## InfoBox

| Ebenezer
South Australia | |
| --- | --- |
| Neukirch Lutheran church | |
| Ebenezer | |
| Coordinates | 34°25′20″S 139°2′0″E / 34.42222°S 139.03333°E / -34.42222; 139.03333 |
| Population | 183 (SAL 2021) |
| Established | 1852 (sub-division)
16 March 2000 (locality) |
| Postcode(s) | 5355 |
| Location |  |
| LGA(s) | Light Regional Council |
| State electorate(s) | Stuart |
| Federal division(s) | Barker |
| **Localities around Ebenezer:**  Koonunga St Kitts  Moppa Ebenezer Truro  Nuriootpa Light Pass Stockwell | |


title: Sympathetic Sounds of Detroit

abstract: Sympathetic Sounds of Detroit is a compilation album of American garage rock and punk bands from Detroit, released in 2001. Put together by Jack White of the White Stripes, it featured bands such as the Von Bondies, the Dirtbombs, and the Detroit Cobras. It was recorded in the home of Jack White, and he, along with nephew and the Dirtbombs drummer Ben Blackwell can be heard singing backup on "Shaky Puddin'," a Soledad Brothers track. Jack White produced the album to preserve the work of a few bands who were a significant part of Detroit's music scene in the 1990s, but were unlikely to achieve the same level of mainstream success as the White Stripes.

text:
# Sympathetic Sounds of Detroit

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |

***Sympathetic Sounds of Detroit*** is a compilation album of American garage rock and punk bands from Detroit, released in 2001. Put together by Jack White of the White Stripes, it featured bands such as the Von Bondies, the Dirtbombs, and the Detroit Cobras. It was recorded in the home of Jack White, and he, along with nephew and the Dirtbombs drummer Ben Blackwell can be heard singing backup on "Shaky Puddin'," a Soledad Brothers track.

Jack White produced the album to preserve the work of a few bands who were a significant part of Detroit's music scene in the 1990s, but were unlikely to achieve the same level of mainstream success as the White Stripes.

## Track listing

1. "Black Girl" – The Paybacks
2. "Payback Blues" – The Paybacks
3. "Dirtbomb Blues" – The Dirtbombs
4. "I'm Through with White Girls" – The Dirtbombs
5. "Accusatory" – The Hentchmen
6. "Black and Blue" – Ko & the Knockouts
7. "Come on Blues" – Come Ons
8. "Sunday Drive" – Come Ons
9. "Soledad Blues" – Soledad Brothers
10. "Shaky Puddin'" – Soledad Brothers
11. "Sound of Terror" – The Von Bondies
12. "High Class" – The Buzzards
13. "Shout Bama Lama" – The Detroit Cobras
14. "Banty Rooster Blues" – Bantam Rooster
15. "Run Rabbit Run" – Bantam Rooster
16. "Whiskey 'n Women" – Clone Defects
17. "Decal on My Sticker" – Whirlwind Heat
18. "Red Death at 6:14" – The White Stripes
19. "Buzzard Blues" – The Buzzards

## InfoBox

| Sympathetic Sounds of Detroit | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Various artists | |
| Released | 2001 |
| Genre | Garage rock, punk rock |
| Label | SFTRI |
| Producer | Jack White |


title: Primark Town Center

abstract: Primark Town Center is a Philippine community mall chain. It forms part of the LKY Group, one of the Philippines' largest land developers. The management is handled by Philippine Primark Properties, Inc., and headed by Wilbert T. Lee as the company's president and CEO.

text:
# Primark Town Center

**Primark Town Center** is a Philippine community mall chain. It forms part of the LKY Group, one of the Philippines' largest land developers. The management is handled by Philippine Primark Properties, Inc., and headed by Wilbert T. Lee as the company's president and CEO.

## Etymology

Primark is a combination of words "Primary" and "Market". The name is in line to the company's vision by providing prime retail facilities and in providing the basic and primary needs of the community.

## History

The company was established since 1996 as LKY Prime Builders Inc, a company under LKY Group that offers construction services and real-estate development. Eleven years later, they engaged in mall business with an investment of 1.2 billion as their initial public offering (IPO). The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) gave them a go signal and proceed with their mall expansion to 12 community malls in the county at their first year. Their mall expansion started with their first mall opened in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija on November 28, 2014, followed by Echague, Isabela in April 2015. It then grew with three branches in Sorsogon City in which one of those was bought from the defunct Sorsogon Shopping Center, to the cities of Cauayan and Tuguegarao in Cagayan provinces, Binmaley, Pangasinan, Antipolo and Teresa in Rizal and Muñoz, Nueva Ecija. Primark's major tenants to these branches were SM Savemore Market, Ace Hardware, BDO and Chinabank and McDonald's, and they plan to have them on their future malls.

About ₱867 million or 72.25% of their initial investment of ₱1.2 billion was spent to the construction of their first twelve malls in 2015. The remaining would be for their future sites across the country.

In early 2016, Primark announced their first malls in Visayas and Mindanao. Tacloban is the site of the first Primark branch in Visayas, while Tacurong is the site of the first Primark branch in Mindanao, following their purchase to the Tacurong's MS Store.

Currently, the operations and management Primark Town Centers are handled by the Philippine Primark Properties Inc., with LKY Group as their parent company.

## Branches

### Existing Branches

| Name | Location | Opening Date | GFA (m2) | Remarks |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Primark Town Center Echague | Echague, Isabela | April 2015 | 3,831.19 | The First Primark Town Center in the Philippines. |
| Primark Town Center Sorsogon 1 | Sulucan, Sorsogon City | April 2015 | 11,159 | The First Primark Town Center in Sorsogon. It was the former Sorsogon Shopping Center. |
| Primark Town Center Sorsogon 2 | Sampaloc, Sorsogon City | May 2015 |  | Second Primark Town Center in Sorsogon City |
| Primark Town Center Cauayan | Cauayan, Isabela | June 2015 | 8,536 | The former public market of the city, Primark had upgraded the said market and redeveloped the area. |
| Primark Town Center Sorsogon 3 | Talisay, Sorsogon City | July 9, 2015 | 3,000 | Third Primark Town Center in Sorsogon City |
| Primark Town Center Tuguegarao | Tuguegarao, Cagayan | May 27, 2016 | 8,651 | The former Paseo Reale Mall |
|
| Primark Town Center Teresa | Teresa, Rizal |  | 2,883 | First primark town center in Rizal. |
|
| Primark Town Center Bambang | Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya |  | 3,300 |  |
|
| Primark Town Center Silang | Santa Rosa–Tagaytay Road, Silang, Cavite |  | 9,000 |  |
|
| Primark Town Center Cabiao | Cabiao, Nueva Ecija | November 28, 2014 | 4,401 | The first primark town center in Nueva Ecija. The first primark town center mall opened in the Philippines. |
|
| Primark Town Center Santa Cruz | Santa Cruz, Laguna |  | 6,907 |  |
|
| Primark Town Center Quezon-Araneta | Santo Domingo, Quezon City |  | 2,786 |  |
|
| Primark Town Center Guagua | Guagua, Pampanga |  | 4,013 |  |
|
| Primark Town Center Aringay | Aringay, La Union | March 30, 2017 |  |  |
|
| Primark Town Center Gerona | Gerona, Tarlac | September 8, 2017 |  |  |
|
| Primark Town Center Brixton | Brixton, Camarin, Caloocan | TBA |  |  |
|
| Primark Town Center Deparo | Deparo, Caloocan | TBA |  |  |
|
| Primark Town Center Atherton | Atherton, Fairview, Quezon City | TBA |  |  |
|
| Primark Town Center Bauan | Bauan, Batangas |  |  |  |
|
| Primark Town Center Gapan | Gapan, Nueva Ecija | June 8, 2017 |  | former Gapan City Mall |
|
| Primark Town Center Deparo-Gilmar | Caloocan | September 21, 2017 |  |  |
|
| Primark Town Center San Jose Del Monte | San Jose del Monte, Bulacan | October 2017 |  | First Primark mall in Bulacan |
|
| Primark Town Center Guimba | Guimba, Nueva Ecija | October 27, 2017 |  |  |
|
| Primark Town Center Macabebe | Macabebe, Pampanga | October 30, 2017 |  |  |
|
| Primark Town Center Plaridel | Plaridel, Bulacan | October 30, 2017 |  | Second Primark mall in Bulacan |
|
| Primark Town Center Double L | Rodriguez, Rizal | November 2017 |  |  |
|
| Primark Town Center Camarin | Zapote, Camarin, Caloocan | December 2017 |  |  |
| Primark Town Center Mexico | Mexico, Pampanga | 2017 |  |  |
| Primark Town Center Cainta | Cainta, Rizal | January 18, 2018 |  |  |
|
| Primark Tower Mall | Trece Martires, Cavite |  |  |  |
|
| Primark Town Center Cordon | Cordon, Isabela | February 8, 2018 |  |  |
|
| Primark Town Center Aurora, Isabela | Aurora, Isabela | February 8, 2018 |  |  |
| Primark Town Center Tacurong | Tacurong, Sultan Kudarat | April 2018 |  | First Primark Town Center in Mindanao. The former MS Store. |
| Primark Town Center Tagaytay | Tagaytay-Nasugbu Highway Brgy. Maharlika East, Tagaytay, Cavite | September 20, 2018 |  | First Primark Town Center branch to carry SM Hypermarket. Second in Cavite area. |
|
| Primark Town Center Rosario | Gen. Trias Drive Poblacion, Rosario, Cavite | October 2, 2018 |  | A Public-Private Partnership of the Municipality of Rosario with Philippine Primark Properties Inc. |
|
| Primark Town Center Caibaan | Tacloban | March 14, 2019 |  | First Primark Town Center in the Visayas |
|
| Tower Mall | Trece Martires, Cavite |  |  | A Public-Private Partnership of the City Government of Trece Martires & Philippine Primark Properties Inc. |
|
| Primark Town Center Noveleta | Noveleta, Cavite | April 24, 2019 |  |  |
|
| Primark Town Center Tayabas | Tayabas, Quezon | May 14, 2019 |  |  |
|
| Primark Town Center Mactan, Cebu | Mactan, Cebu |  |  |  |
|
| Primark Town Center Kasiglahan | Rodriguez, Rizal | TBA |  |  |
|
| Town Center Sogod | Sogod, Southern Leyte | December 21, 2020 |  |  |
|
| Town Center Pontevedra | Pontevedra, Capiz | December 24, 2020 |  |  |
|
| Puregold Tuao (Town Center Tuao) | Tuao, Cagayan | February 27, 2021 |  |  |
|
| Town Center Solana | Solana, Cagayan | February 27, 2021 |  |  |
|
| Puregold Lal-lo (Town Center Lal-lo) | Lal-lo, Cagayan | March 3, 2021 |  |  |
|
| Town Center Aparri | Aparri, Cagayan | March 18, 2021 |  |  |
|
| Town Center Catanauan | Catanauan, Quezon | December 22, 2021 |  |  |
|

### Future Branches

| Name | Location and description | Opening Date | GFA (m2) | Remarks |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Primark Town Center San Mateo | San Mateo, Isabela | TBA |  |  |
|
| Puregold Sorsogon (Town Center Sorsogon) | Sorsogon City | TBA |  |  |
|
| Public Market Catbalogan | Catbalogan, Samar | TBA | 30,000 | Former Catbalogan Public Market |
|
| Public Market Talisay | Talisay, Batangas | TBA | 30,000 | Former Talisay Public Market |
|
| Primark Town Center Binmaley | Binmaley, Pangasinan |  | 3,541 |  |
|
| Primark Town Center - V & G Subd., Tacloban | Tacloban |  |  |  |
|
| Primark Town Center Paliparan | Paliparan, Dasmariñas, Cavite |  | 10,371 |  |
|
| Primark Town Center Antipolo | Antipolo |  | 3,129 |  |
|
| Primark Town Center Muñoz | Muñoz, Nueva Ecija |  | 5,423 |  |
|
| Primark Town Center Santiago | Batal, Santiago, Isabela | TBA |  | Under Construction |
| Primark Town Center Bayombong | Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya | TBA |  | Soon to rise |
| Primark Town Center | Surigao City | 2026 |  | Soon to rise |
| Primark Town Center | Hagonoy, Bulacan | TBA |  | Soon to rise |
| Primark Town Center | Moncada, Tarlac | TBA |  | Soon to rise |
| Primark Town Center | Infanta, Quezon | TBA |  | Soon to rise |
| Primark Town Center | Pililla, Rizal | TBA |  | Soon to rise |
| Primark Town Center | Candaba, Pampanga | TBA |  | Soon to rise |
| Primark Town Center | Santa Cruz, Zambales | TBA |  | Soon to rise |
| Primark Town Center | Lubao, Pampanga | TBA |  | Soon to rise |
| Primark Town Center | Atimonan, Quezon | TBA |  | Soon to rise |
| Primark Town Center | Calauag, Quezon | TBA |  | Soon to rise |

## InfoBox

Philippine Primark Properties
|
|  |
| Trade name | Primark Town Center |
| Formerly | LKY Prime Builders |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Retail |
| Founded | 1996 (1996) |
| Headquarters | Pasay, Philippines |
| Number of locations | 47 |
| Area served | Philippines |
| Key people | Wilbert T. Lee (President and CEO) |
| Parent | LKY Group |
| Website | primark.com.ph |


title: Philosophical Topics

abstract: Philosophical Topics is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering all major areas of philosophy. Each thematic issue consists entirely of invited papers. Recent issues have been concerned with perception, agency, modern philosophy, identity, and free will. The journal is published by the University of Arkansas philosophy department and the University of Arkansas Press. The editor-in-chief is Jack Lyons. Philosophical Topics was established in 1970 as The Southwestern Journal of Philosophy and obtained its current title in 1981. All issues of both journals are available in electronic format from the Philosophy Documentation Center.

text:
# Philosophical Topics

***Philosophical Topics*** is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering all major areas of philosophy. Each thematic issue consists entirely of invited papers. Recent issues have been concerned with perception, agency, modern philosophy, identity, and free will. The journal is published by the University of Arkansas philosophy department and the University of Arkansas Press. The editor-in-chief is Jack Lyons.

*Philosophical Topics* was established in 1970 as *The Southwestern Journal of Philosophy* and obtained its current title in 1981. All issues of both journals are available in electronic format from the Philosophy Documentation Center.

## InfoBox

*Philosophical Topics*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Discipline | Philosophy |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Jack Lyons |
| Publication details | |
| Former name(s) | The Southwestern Journal of Philosophy |
| History | 1981–present |
| Publisher | University of Arkansas Press for the Department of Philosophy, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas (United States) |
| Frequency | Biannual |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Philos. Top.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 0276-2080 (print)
2154-154X (web)
 |
| LCCN | 82-643558 |
| OCLC no. | 7322398 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Puka Mayu (Cochabamba)

abstract: The Puka Mayu is a Bolivian river in the Cochabamba Department, Capinota Province, Capinota Municipality. It is a tributary of the Caine River.

text:
# Puka Mayu (Cochabamba)

The **Puka Mayu** (Quechua *puka* red, *mayu* river, "red river") is a Bolivian river in the Cochabamba Department, Capinota Province, Capinota Municipality. It is a tributary of the Caine River.

1. katari.org Aymara-Spanish Dictionary: ***Puka*** *(adj.)* \- *Rojo.* ***Mayu*** *(s.)* \- *Río.*
2. Capinota Municipality: Archived 2013-11-05 at the Wayback Machine population data and map

## InfoBox

| Puka Mayu | |
| --- | --- |
| Etymology | Quechua |
| Location | |
| Country | Bolivia |
| Region | Cochabamba Department |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth | Caine River |


title: Rudd Creek Pueblo

abstract: The Rudd Creek Pueblo is an archaeological site in the Upper Little Colorado region in Springerville, Arizona just along the boundaries of the Mogollon and Anasazi culture areas. It is a late Tularosa phase site, dating from ca. 1225 to 1300, which is part of the Mogollan tradition, and located directly inside the Sipe White Mountain Wildlife Area. In 1996, the Rudd Creek Archaeological Project, a part of the Arizona State University Archaeological Field School, excavated the site to document the artifacts and architecture, and to observe and keep track the extent of pot hunting at the site, a problematic issue for not only this particular site but for archaeology as a whole.

text:
# Rudd Creek Pueblo

The **Rudd Creek Pueblo** is an archaeological site in the Upper Little Colorado region in Springerville, Arizona just along the boundaries of the Mogollon and Anasazi culture areas. It is a late Tularosa phase site, dating from ca. 1225 to 1300, which is part of the Mogollan tradition, and located directly inside the Sipe White Mountain Wildlife Area. In 1996, the Rudd Creek Archaeological Project, a part of the Arizona State University Archaeological Field School, excavated the site to document the artifacts and architecture, and to observe and keep track the extent of pot hunting at the site, a problematic issue for not only this particular site but for archaeology as a whole.

## Site and environment

Rudd Creek Pueblo sits on a terrace that overlooks Rudd Creek (hence, the name) and is at an elevation of 2,335 meters (7,661 feet). The site is situated in a transitional area between the White Mountains and the Colorado Plateau and the Little Colorado River Valley.

Rudd Creek Pueblo is located in an open valley, but has access to three different microenvironments: the juniper savanna, riparian areas, and the lower montane coniferous forest. The inhabitants of Rudd Creek Pueblo, therefore, had access to a wide variety of flora and fauna and were able to exploit a broad spectrum of resources.

## Architecture

The architecture at Rudd Creek Pueblo is similar to other late Tularosa phase sites in the region, for example Coyote Creek Pueblo and Foote Canyon Pueblo. The site consists of about forty rooms situated inside a sizeable, rectangular shaped masonry roomblock and two large depression areas that are interpreted as being possible locations of great kivas, or ceremonial and ritual centers. The rectangular shaped pueblo is common and indicative of the Mogollon culture, and became common during the Tularosa phase. Most of the rooms that make up Rudd Creek Pueblo have been disturbed by looting and pot hunting, but some still contain undisturbed or “in-situ” fill. Many of the rooms have also been interpreted as probable habitation rooms, containing formal hearths, subfloor pits, and/or mealing bins or as storage rooms with very small floor areas and very few floor features. In addition, a ceremonial room or possible separate structure has been identified (Unit 5) and houses a large raised platform and bench. A circular hearth and ventilator are also present in the center of this room, suggesting that inhabitants may have used this room for rituals or special gatherings.

The construction of the walls in the main roomblock is mainly stone, and the walls are generally 20-40 centimeters wide. Despite challenges presented from inadequate wall preservation and damages from pot-hunting, it is thought that brown plaster was initially covering the walls. The interior and exterior surfaces of the walls, however, are not alike. The interior walls consist of unformed limestone, sandstone, and cobbles that are laid in mortar or mud. The exterior walls are built of limestone, sandstone, and vesicular basalt as well as tabular chinking stones. In addition, the exterior walls were more uniform in their construction, while the interior walls appear to be more haphazardly or unsystematically built. This difference is helpful in determining the building sequence of each room. The difference in wall construction indicates that the interior walls were built faster than the exterior walls. The masonry style of the walls at Rudd Creek Pueblo is, as expected, similar to other late Tularosa phase sites.

## Construction phases

There are four separate construction phases identified at Rudd Creek Pueblo. Based on analysis of the ceramic data at Rudd Creek Pueblo, site construction is thought to have begun between AD 1225-1250. The initial construction phase resulted in a single, nuclear unit consisting of small, adjacent rooms. The subsequent middle phases of construction involved the building of new rooms and remodeling of old rooms, including filling doorways, niches, and ventilators. The interior masonry style of the subsequent building phases differs from the initial in that at least one of the interior walls of each room displayed the same planned and organized construction of the exterior surfaces. During the middle phases, rooms were built next to the eastern side of the pueblo. The last building phase took place in the northern area of the roomblock and is believed to have resulted in the construction of the rooms just south of one of the great kivas (Unit 15). Due to excessive looting, determining when construction ended at Rudd Creek Pueblo is difficult, but probably occurred between AD 1250-1300.

## Great Kivas

Limited excavations were done in the two depressions just north and east of the main roomblock, but the areas each appear to be the location of a great kiva, where inhabitants of Rudd Creek Pueblo held ceremonies or ritual gatherings. The fill in the depression just north of the roomblock (Unit 15) yielded large amounts of ash and charred roof beam. Because of excessive looting in this unit, only a slab-lined cist was found in the base. A number of artifacts were found interred on the floor (three bone artifacts, a corrugated jar, two Tularosa Black-on-white jars, a Wingate Black-on-red bowl, an unidentifiable black and white ladle, a two-handed mano, and several mineral fragments) and appear to have been done so intentionally. The combination of these artifacts and the charred roof fragments in the fill lead to the possibility that this kiva was ritually decommissioned.

The second depression located just east of the roomblock exposed a probable square and semi-subterranean kiva about thirteen meters long and considerably intact. Wall construction of this kiva is much like the wall construction of the roomblock. Similar to the previous kiva (Unit 15), the fill in this kiva is mostly ash and charred roof bits with only a small percentage of artifacts, leading to the idea that this kiva was burned or ritually decommissioned when abandoned. Similar square kivas have been identified at other late Tularosa sites, such as Coyote Creek and Foote Canyon.

## Assemblages found

### Ceramic Assemblage

There were 11, 956 ceramic specimens recovered during the excavations at Rudd Creek Pueblo. Nineteen different types of slipped or painted pottery sherds made up one third of the assemblage and the remainder was mainly unpainted brown ware sherds; brown ware pottery is very common in the Mogollon culture trend. The most common types of ceramics represented in the Rudd Creek assemblage are Tularosa Black-on-white, St. John’s Black-on-red, and St. John’s polychrome, which places the assemblage in chronology with other sites from the late-Tularosa phase, although assemblages recovered from sites to the east of Rudd Creek Pueblo differ.

### Lithic Assemblage

The majority of the lithics found at Rudd Creek Pueblo were flaked stone and unretouched, while formal tools that had been carefully produced into an intentional tool, were rare. There were 698 flaked stone artifacts recovered, of which more than 80% were made of high quality silicates (including chert, chalcedony, petrified wood, and quartzite). The majority of these flakes have been identified as simple flakes and are thought to be the result of percussion reduction, or the product of producing flakes by direct impact. As for formal tools, only a small number were recovered during excavation. Six unifaces, five bifaces, eleven saws/denticulates, and eleven projectile points were found and are similar to the tools documented at other Tularosa phase sites. One room (Unit 6) yielded an unusual cache of stone tools in a closed floor pit. The cache consisted of a biface, three projectile points, and one red stone bead. The purpose of the cache is not known, but it has been interpreted that Rudd Creek Pueblo occupants might have gathered the tools from an adjacent area and kept them for ceremonial uses or out of curiosity. The large number of flaked stone in combination with few formal tools suggests that residents of the pueblo focused primarily on quick tool production and used stone flakes more often that formal tools.

### Flora and Faunal Assemblage

Because of the variety in environment that surrounds Rudd Creek Pueblo, a wide array of faunal remains were recovered, however, only the juniper savanna and montane forest were represented in the assemblage. In total, 906 specimens, representing 17 different taxa, were found including lagomorphs (rabbits and hares) and rodents. Only 14% of the faunal assemblage was made up of large-game specimens, the majority including deer and pronghorn antelope. It has been proposed that the area surrounding the pueblo was moderately vegetated due to the large number of specimens recovered that were herbivores. Carnivore specimens at Rudd Creek Pueblo are rare and it is suggested that what was recovered, remains of black bears and bobcats, are most likely indicative of animals that were utilized for their fur or for ritual use. In addition, bird remains are present, including turkey and other birds such as golden eagles. Birds other than turkey that are represented in the assemblage are thought to be evidence of the inhabitants of Rudd Creek Pueblo acquiring feathers for special purposes or rituals rather than as a means of subsistence.

## Site occupation and dating

Dating Rudd Creek Pueblo was done through a combination of artifact/ceramic analysis and dendrochronology, because dendrochronology was unreliable on its own due to an inadequate number of datable samples. Forty-three tree-ring samples were submitted, but only one could be dated. The only viable sample, which came from one of the great kivas (Unit 7), yielded a non-cutting date of AD1275++vv, meaning that the correct date of the sample is earlier than reported because the tree was either damaged or not dead. The tree-ring sample in combination with temporal trends associated with the types of ceramics represented at Rudd Creek Pueblo place construction of the site during the mid-1200s AD, with an occupation lasting until around 1300 AD.

It is believed that, through the evidence of structure burning and “in-situ” floor deposits, that Rudd Creek Pueblo was abandoned in a hurry. Two hypotheses have been proposed for why this was the case. The first is that the pueblo was burned due to widespread conflict, something seen commonly with other pueblos of the time period. Another alternative has been proposed based on the evidence of interred artifacts and burning that suggests the inhabitants of Rudd Creek Pueblo ritually closed the structure, a trend that is seen in pueblos of following periods.

## Further reading


title: Oak Harbor High School (Washington)

abstract: Oak Harbor High School (OHHS) is a public grade 9–12 high school that is located in Oak Harbor, Washington, United States, on Whidbey Island. The school is in the Oak Harbor School District #201. Nathan Salisbury is the Principal. Nathaniel Shepherd and Arnie Otterbeck are the Associate Principals.

text:
# Oak Harbor High School (Washington)

**Oak Harbor High School** (**OHHS**) is a public grade 912 high school that is located in Oak Harbor, Washington, United States, on Whidbey Island. The school is in the Oak Harbor School District #201. Nathan Salisbury is the Principal. Nathaniel Shepherd and Arnie Otterbeck are the Associate Principals.

## History

Oak Harbor's first high school was housed in a building on the waterfront, where the upstairs was used both as a school room and as a community hall for social functions. In the lower story, hay and freight were stored as they came off the steamers of the Puget Sound Mosquito Fleet.

In 1911 a new school was built on property donated by Will Izett, where, until 2006, the old Memorial Stadium stood. The high school students used the basement and lower floor, and the elementary grades were housed on the top floor. Only the basement of this building remains and is now used to house maintenance services.

In 1934 with the aid of WPA labor, a school was built to house secondary students. This brick building (still in use as the North wing of Oak Harbor Elementary School) was a great source of pride to the community and housed high school students until 1956.

In 1956 another new high school was completed and initially contained 330 students in grades 9-12 and an eighteen-member staff. This building (which later was used as Oak Harbor Junior High School and then as North Whidbey Middle School) contained the high school program until June 1974 at which time the enrollment was 975 students in grades 10-12. (This building was demolished in 2006.)

In 1968 planning for the current high school began. It was to be located on a 45-acre (180,000 m2) site near 800 Avenue West (now called NW Second Avenue) and Heller Road. It was built to house 1200 students initially and be expandable to accommodate an enrollment of 1800 student grades 1012. The facility was built with a brick exterior, steel frame throughout except for the field house dome which consists of laminated wood beams and a wood roof deck. This facility was completed in 1975. In 1991, the school was expanded to include ninth grade, reaching a capacity of 1,700 students.

By 2006 the school was at the end of its planned life, meaning that the infrastructure  plumbing and roof  were considered worn out or outdated to the point of being costly. In addition, the school was not well-suited for modern technology and undersized for the number of students (classrooms were too few and too small, and the hallways were too narrow).

On May 16, 2006, voters approved a plan to modernize the high school. Designed by NAC Architecture, the project was phased and completed in September 2010. The redesigned campus focused on bringing daylight to all classrooms, widening corridors, updating technology and consolidating the school into three buildings.

## School information

The current high school facility, initially constructed during the 1970s, rests on 47 acres (190,000 m2) in northwest Oak Harbor. The school was remodeled with the addition of the Student Union Building and the Career & Tech building opening in 2009.

### A-Wing

* Administrative Offices
* Counseling/Career Center
* Library/Media Center
* Computer Lab

**Departments**

* English
* Social Studies
* Special Education

### B-Wing

**Departments**

* Math
* Science
* Special Education

### C-Wing

* Technician's offices
* Computer services
* Electronic workers

**Departments**

* Art
* Pottery
* CAD
* Metal Design
* Video Productions
* Photography
* Graphics Design
* Automotive

### Gym and field house

**Departments**

### Student Union Building (SUB)

**Departments**

* DECA
* Leadership
* Drama
* Cafeteria
* Band/Choir
* Health

## Academics

Oak Harbor High School offers Advanced Placement courses in Art, Computer Science, Physics, Calculus, Statistics, World History, US History, Government, Biology, Environmental Science Spanish, Literature and Composition, Language and Composition, and Chemistry.

Foreign languages available are French and Spanish. For those students whose first language is not English, ESL classes are offered.

## Cable channel

Available to most Comcast Cable subscribers on Whidbey Island, Wildcat TV (Channel 21) is Oak Harbor High School's student-run Public-access television cable TV channel. Operational since 2005, it features programs ranging in topic from the Island County Fair to Drama Club theatrical performances. Students in Chris Douthitt's Video Productions and Broadcast Communications classes create content for the channel.

## Sports

OHHS is a member of the Western Interscholastic Conference and plays within the 3A division.

### Wildcat Memorial Stadium

A new stadium to replace the aged Memorial Stadium was constructed in 2007 on the west end of the OHHS campus. The new stadium, dubbed "Wildcat Memorial Stadium," had its grand opening on September 7, 2007, eight months after construction began in January. The Wildcat Memorial Stadium was built by Ebenal General Contractors of Bellingham. The facility has a covered main grandstand with 2,500 home seats and a smaller covered grandstand with 500 visitor seats. The playing field is a FieldTurf surface and is encircled by a track and field oval. The stadium includes locker rooms, bathrooms, a concession area, and storage space.

The entrance to the stadium has a memorial to veterans of the five branches of the military. The main spire is a pentangle with the seals of the Navy, Army, Air Force, Marines, and Coast Guard mounted on the five sides. At the top, as a tribute to the active Navy personnel stationed at NAS Whidbey, there is a ship's bell. The bell is rung on special occasions and after every Wildcat touchdown. The memorial was designed by Carlos Sierra of Sierra-Martin Architects.

### Football

Oak Harbor High School football achieved great success during the 1977-78 season during its first year in the WESCO Conference. The team consisted of 26 players and thrived under the direction of Coach "Duck" Daugherty. It was expected that the new school to the conference, from Whidbey Island, would be trounced in every game during the season. During the season, the team shut out 5 teams, won 8 of 9 games, and ended the season ranked 4th in the state.

The football team made it to state in the 2006 season. Playing in the Tacoma Dome, the Wildcats defeated Bothell High School 21-14 to win the Washington Class 4A State Championship.

## Fight song

Fight, Fight, Fight for Oak Harbor High Win that Vic-tor-y We’re gonna win that game for purple & gold Best in the west So we’ll all do our best, so On, On, On, On, fight to the end Honor and glory will prevail So, fight, fight, fight for Oak Harbor High & Victory W-I-L-D-C-A-T-S Wildcats! So Fight, Fight, Fight for Oak Harbor High & Vic-tor-y F-I-G-H-T !

## Oak Harbor High School Alma Mater

Close by the shores of old Pacific, where ocean waves roll high and free; Nestled above our peaceful harbor, guarded by snow-crowned majesty; Purple and gold we rise to honor

Glory and pride of every heart.

Loyal forever doubt us never Alma mater hail hail hail!

## Alumni

## InfoBox

| Oak Harbor High School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
|  | |
| No. 1 Wildcat Way
(Previously 950 NW 2nd Ave.)
Oak Harbor, Washington, United States | |
| Coordinates | 48°18′06″N 122°40′07″W / 48.30167°N 122.66861°W / 48.30167; -122.66861 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public high school |
| Established | 1906 |
| School district | Oak Harbor School District #201 |
| Principal | Nathan Salisbury |
| Staff | 87.00 (FTE) |
| Grades | 9-12 |
| Number of students | 1,566 (2022-23) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 18.00 |
| Color(s) | Purple and gold |
| Athletics conference | WESCO 3A/4A (North Division) |
| Mascot | Wildcat |


title: Świdy, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

abstract: Świdy is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Rychliki, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Rychliki, 15 km (9 mi) south of Elbląg, and 77 km (48 mi) west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

text:
# Świdy, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

**Świdy** \[ˈɕfidɨ\] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Rychliki, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Rychliki, 15 km (9 mi) south of Elbląg, and 77 km (48 mi) west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

## InfoBox

| Świdy | |
| --- | --- |
| Settlement | |
| Świdy | |
| Coordinates: 53°57′51″N 19°22′53″E / 53.96417°N 19.38139°E / 53.96417; 19.38139 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Elbląg |
| Gmina | Rychliki |


title: Sky Wings Airlines

abstract:
Sky Wings was a Greek charter airline that was founded in 2004 and started operations in June 2006.
Sky Wings was owned by Greek (51%) and Ukrainian interests namely Khors Aircompany (49%). In December 2012, Sky Wings suspended flights, passing its scheduled flights to Khors Aircompany.

text:
# Sky Wings Airlines

**Sky Wings** was a Greek charter airline that was founded in 2004 and started operations in June 2006. Sky Wings was owned by Greek (51%) and Ukrainian interests namely Khors Aircompany (49%). In December 2012, Sky Wings suspended flights, passing its scheduled flights to Khors Aircompany.

## Destinations

Sky Wings Airlines serves the following scheduled destinations (at August 2011):

## Fleet

As of 31 August 2012, the Sky Wings fleet consists of the following aircraft with an average age of 15.9 years:

**Sky Wings fleet**
| Aircraft | In Service | Orders | Passengers | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Avro RJ100 | 4 | - |  |  |
| McDonnell Douglas MD-83 | 2 | - |  |  |
| Airbus A320-200 | 1 | - | 180 |  |
| Total | 7 |  |  |  |

## InfoBox

Sky Wings
| IATA ICAO Call sign  ND GSW ARROW JET | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 2004 |
| Ceased operations | 2012 |
| AOC # | GR-023 |
| Hubs | Athens International Airport |
| Fleet size | 7 |
| Headquarters | Athens, Greece |
| Website | www.skywings.gr |


title: Porto União

abstract: Porto União is a city located in the Northern Plateau in the State of Santa Catarina and on the left bank of Iguazu River, bordering the city of União da Vitória, Paraná. In 2020, its population was estimated in 35,543 inhabitants.

text:
# Porto União

**Porto União** is a city located in the Northern Plateau in the State of Santa Catarina and on the left bank of Iguazu River, bordering the city of União da Vitória, Paraná. In 2020, its population was estimated in 35,543 inhabitants.

## History

The history of Porto União has always been intrinsically connected with the Iguazu River and with what is considered its twin city União da Vitória.

It all began in 1842 with the discovery of the 'Vau do Iguaçu' (literally meaning 'Iguazu Ford'), the best connection between the South and the Southeast Region, where the army troops and people from Rio Grande do Sul known as 'tropeiros' used to cross the river with their oxen in order to sell them in São Paulo and Minas Gerais. It was also an important stop point for those who used the river in transportation, receiving its first name: Porto da União (Harbour of Union). In a few years, the area rapidly developed.

The small village grew and in 1855 its name was changed to Porto União da Vitória. In the same year, immigration began with the influx of Germans, Poles, Ukrainians, Italians, Austrians and Russians. In 1901, its name again changed, this time to União da Vitória.

In 1912, the Contestado War took place and on September 5, 1917 the municipality of Porto União was created.

In the 1950s, both cities, União da Vitória and Porto União, reach their economic and regional importance as the result the growth of the native wood market and of yerba mate.

Nowadays, the city, just like its twin, lives of the non-native wood market and tourism. Porto União has a subtropical Cfa-like climate with hot summers and rainy months

## Climate

| Climate data for Irineópolis, elevation 777 m (2,549 ft), (1976–2005) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.0
(82.4) | 27.9
(82.2) | 26.7
(80.1) | 23.5
(74.3) | 20.7
(69.3) | 18.9
(66.0) | 18.9
(66.0) | 20.6
(69.1) | 21.7
(71.1) | 23.8
(74.8) | 26.0
(78.8) | 27.2
(81.0) | 23.7
(74.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 20.9
(69.6) | 20.7
(69.3) | 19.6
(67.3) | 16.3
(61.3) | 13.5
(56.3) | 11.6
(52.9) | 11.3
(52.3) | 12.8
(55.0) | 14.7
(58.5) | 16.8
(62.2) | 18.6
(65.5) | 20.1
(68.2) | 16.4
(61.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 15.6
(60.1) | 15.7
(60.3) | 14.6
(58.3) | 10.9
(51.6) | 7.5
(45.5) | 5.8
(42.4) | 5.2
(41.4) | 6.3
(43.3) | 9.0
(48.2) | 11.6
(52.9) | 12.6
(54.7) | 14.2
(57.6) | 10.7
(51.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 183.0
(7.20) | 158.0
(6.22) | 117.0
(4.61) | 77.0
(3.03) | 101.0
(3.98) | 102.0
(4.02) | 85.0
(3.35) | 77.0
(3.03) | 146.0
(5.75) | 165.0
(6.50) | 126.0
(4.96) | 147.0
(5.79) | 1,484
(58.44) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 80 | 82 | 82 | 83 | 85 | 86 | 84 | 81 | 80 | 79 | 77 | 77 | 81 |
| Source 1: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Source 2: Climatempo (precipitation) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Porto União | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location in Santa Catarina, Brazil | |
| Porto União | |
| Coordinates: 26°14′16″S 51°04′40″W / 26.23778°S 51.07778°W / -26.23778; -51.07778 | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Region | South |
| State | Santa Catarina |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Eliseu Mibach (PSDB) |
| Area | |
| Total | 851.24 km2 (328.67 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 752 m (2,467 ft) |
| Population (2020 ) | |
| Total | 35,543 |
| Density | 38.9/km2 (101/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-3 (UTC-3) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-2 (UTC-2) |
| Area code | +55 42 |
| Website | www.portouniao.sc.gov.br |


abstract: The Duet routine competition of the 2014 European Aquatics Championships was held on 13–16 August.

text:
# Synchronised swimming at the 2014 European Aquatics Championships – Duet routine

The **Duet routine** competition of the 2014 European Aquatics Championships was held on 13–16 August.

## Results

The technical round was held at 15:00 on 13 August. The free round was held at 10:00 on 14 August. The final was held at 10:00 on 16 August.

***Green** denotes finalists*

| Rank | Swimmer | Nationality | Technical | | Free | | Preliminary | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
|  | Daria Korobova
Svetlana Kolesnichenko | Russia | 91.9391 | 1 | 95.1333 | 1 | 187.0724 | 1 | 96.1000 | 1 |
|  | Lolita Ananasova
Anna Voloshyna | Ukraine | 88.9483 | 3 | 92.6000 | 2 | 181.5483 | 2 | 92.9000 | 2 |
|  | Ona Carbonell
Paula Klamburg | Spain | 89.0664 | 2 | 91.4000 | 3 | 180.4664 | 3 | 92.1667 | 3 |
| 4 | Linda Cerruti
Costanza Ferro | Italy | 85.3149 | 4 | 88.5000 | 4 | 173.8149 | 4 | 89.4000 | 4 |
| 5 | Laura Auge
Margaux Chretien | France | 82.5469 | 5 | 85.9333 | 5 | 168.4802 | 5 | 86.0667 | 5 |
| 6 | Evangelia Papazoglou
Evangelia Koutidi | Greece | 81.9241 | 6 | 84.8333 | 6 | 166.7574 | 6 | 85.0333 | 6 |
| 7 | Soňa Bernardová
Alžběta Dufková | Czech Republic | 79.6227 | 7 | 81.8667 | 7 | 161.4894 | 7 | 82.8333 | 7 |
| 8 | Sascia Kraus
Sophie Giger | Switzerland | 76.6233 | 10 | 80.2333 | 9 | 156.8566 | 9 | 81.7667 | 8 |
| 9 | Christina Maat
Margot de Graaf | Netherlands | 76.7507 | 9 | 81.7667 | 8 | 158.5174 | 8 | 81.6333 | 9 |
| 10 | Iryna Limanouskaya
Veronika Yesipovich | Belarus | 76.2840 | 11 | 79.6333 | 10 | 155.9173 | 10 | 80.1333 | 10 |
| 11 | Jana Labáthová
Nada Daabousová | Slovakia | 75.7382 | 12 | 77.4333 | 11 | 153.1715 | 12 | 77.8000 | 11 |
| 12 | Anastasia Gloushkov
Ievgeniia Tetelbaum | Israel | 77.4981 | 8 | 76.8667 | 12 | 154.3648 | 11 | 77.2667 | 12 |
| 13 | Wiebke Jeske
Edith Zeppenfeld | Germany | 72.8751 | 13 | 74.9667 | 14 | 147.8418 | 13 |  |  |
| 14 | Jodie Cowie
Genevieve Randall | Great Britain | 72.1442 | 14 | 75.1000 | 13 | 147.2442 | 14 |  |  |
| 15 | Szofi Kiss
Dóra Schwarcz | Hungary | 71.4691 | 15 | 74.5000 | 15 | 145.9691 | 15 |  |  |
| 16 | Defne Bakirci
Misra Gündeş | Turkey | 71.0263 | 16 | 72.7667 | 16 | 143.7930 | 16 |  |  |
| 17 | Lovisa Boerthas
Elin Grahn | Sweden | 68.2824 | 19 | 72.7000 | 17 | 140.9824 | 17 |  |  |
| 18 | Rebecca Domika
Tina Panić | Croatia | 68.5553 | 18 | 72.4000 | 18 | 140.9553 | 18 |  |  |
| 19 | Kalina Yordanova
Maria Kirkova | Bulgaria | 69.0276 | 17 | 70.7000 | 19 | 139.7276 | 19 |  |  |

## InfoBox

| Duet routine
at the Synchronised swimming at the 2014 European Aquatics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 13–16 August |
| Competitors | 38 from 19 nations |
| Winning time | 96.1000 |
| Medalists | |
| Russia  Ukraine  Spain | |


title: Primary (album)

abstract: Primary is the 2002 debut from New Zealand pop punk band Rubicon. The album was released on 1 August 2002 and peaked at #16 in the New Zealand pop charts. Seven singles were released off the album, two of which charted: "Bruce" and "Funny Boy".

text:
# Primary (album)

***Primary*** is the 2002 debut from New Zealand pop punk band Rubicon. The album was released on 1 August 2002 and peaked at #16 in the New Zealand pop charts. Seven singles were released off the album, two of which charted: "Bruce" and "Funny Boy".

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Rubicon City" | 2.30 |
| 2. | "Funnyboy" | 1.79 |
| 3. | "Yeah Yeah (Rockstar)" | 2.07 |
| 4. | "Happy Song" | 3.14 |
| 5. | "All or Nothing" | 4.08 |
| 6. | "Hey!" | 1.59 |
| 7. | "Yr Own Good" | 3.21 |
| 8. | "Energy Levels" | 3.48 |
| 9. | "The Captain" | 2.21 |
| 10. | "Bruce" | 2.04 |
| 11. | "Been Around" | 3.51 |
| 12. | "In My Mind" | 3.46 |
| 13. | "U Dunno" | 2.45 |
| 14. | "Blackkbird" | 2.17 |

## InfoBox

| Primary | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Rubicon | |
| Released | 1 August 2002 (2002-08-01) |
| Recorded | 2000–2002, Auckland, New Zealand |
| Genre | Pop punk |
| Label | Wildside |
| Rubicon chronology | |
| ***Primary***
(2002) *The Way It Was Meant To Be*
(2005) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Primary* | |
| 1. "The Captain"
Released: 2000 2. "Funny Boy"
Released: 2001 3. "Bruce"
Released: 2002 4. "Happy Song"
Released: 2002 5. "Yeah Yeah (Rockstar)"
Released: 2002 6. "Energy Levels"
Released: 2003 7. "Rubicon City"
Released: 2003 | |
|  | |


title: Philip of France (1116–1131)

abstract: Philip was King of France from 1129 to 1131, co-ruling with his father, Louis VI. As he predeceased his father and never reigned as sole king, he is not known by an ordinal or included in the traditional lists of French monarchs.

text:
# Philip of France (1116–1131)

**Philip** (29 August 1116  13 October 1131) was King of France from 1129 to 1131, co-ruling with his father, Louis VI. As he predeceased his father and never reigned as sole king, he is not known by an ordinal or included in the traditional lists of French monarchs.

## Coronation

Philip was the eldest son of King Louis VI of France and Adelaide of Maurienne. Following the custom of naming eldest sons after their paternal grandfathers, Philip was named after Louis VI's father, Philip I. He appears to have been the favourite son of his father as a child and, once again following established practice of his family, the Capetians, was enthroned alongside his father as co-king in 1129. The young king gave his father little joy after that, refusing to pay attention to the old king or to follow the high standards that Louis himself followed. He became disobedient, refusing to heed scoldings or warnings; Walter Map said that he "strayed from the paths of conduct traveled by his father and, by his overweening pride and tyrannical arrogance, made himself a burden to all."

## Death

Philip's brief period as co-king was ended two years after his coronation. Riding with a group of companions near the Seine \- according to Map, along the strand named the Greve -, his running horse was tripped by a black pig which darted out of a dung heap on the quay. The horse fell forwards, and the young king was catapulted over its head. The fall "so dreadfully fractured his limbs that he died on the day following" without regaining consciousness. The royal family was completely devastated by Philip's tragic death, as the historian Suger wrote that "Even Homer himself would not have been able adequately to express the extent and depth of grief and sadness that swept over his father and mother and the magnates of the kingdom." Philip was buried at the Basilica of Saint-Denis. Abbot Suger, who was a close friend of Louis VI, advised the grief-stricken king to "crown his son Louis (the future Louis VII), a very fine child, have him anointed with the sacred oil, and make him king with him, in order to prevent any disturbance from his rivals."

## Legacy

If Philip had been little other than a problem to his family and kingdom whilst he had lived, his legacy proved greater trouble still. Whilst he had lived, he had nurtured a dream of visiting Jerusalem and the tomb of Jesus; when Philip died, his bereaved brother Louis vowed to go in his place. This vow would provide Louis VII with a reason to join the disastrous Second Crusade in 1147 and an excuse to abandon Antioch in favour of Jerusalem. The Crusade led to many deaths on both sides, and the abandonment of Antioch proved to be a strategic failure and a partial cause for the dissolution of Louis VII's marriage to his first wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine.

Because Philip was a co-king rather than a king in his own right, he is not generally given a number in the succession of kings of France.

## Ancestry

## Sources

* Montaubin, Pascal (2016). "Innocent II and Capetian France". In Doran, John; Smith, Damian J. (eds.). *Pope Innocent II (1130-43): The World vs the City*. Routledge.

## InfoBox

| Philip | |
| --- | --- |
| Philip's accidental death aged 15, illustration from a copy of the *Grandes Chroniques de France*, c. 1332–1350 | |
| King of the Franks | |
| Co-reign | 14 April 1129 – 13 October 1131 |
| Coronation | 14 April 1129 |
|  | |
| Born | 29 August 1116 |
| Died | 13 October 1131(1131-10-13) (aged 15)<br>Paris |
| Burial | Basilica of Saint-Denis |
| House | Capet |
| Father | Louis VI of France |
| Mother | Adélaide of Maurienne |


title: Bill Lash

abstract: William Quinlan Lash was the Bishop of Bombay from 1947 to 1961. Lash was born on 5 February 1905 and educated at Tonbridge School and Emmanuel College, Cambridge. Ordained in 1929 his first post was as a curate at St Mary's Portsea, Portsmouth. He then emigrated to India, where he was Vicar of Poona until his ordination to the episcopate. In India he was a founder member of the Christa Prema Seva Sangha, which sought to live Christianity in a way that was faithful to Indian culture. A noted author, upon return to England, he served as an Assistant Bishop of Truro and Vicar of St Clement. After retiring from Truro diocese he went to live with the Society of St Francis at their mother house, Hilfield Friary in Dorset, where he was a much-loved member of the community. Here he continued to exercise a ministry of counsel and encouragement until his death in 1986. He is buried in the cemetery there.

text:
# Bill Lash

**William Quinlan Lash** was the Bishop of Bombay from 1947 to 1961.

Lash was born on 5 February 1905 and educated at Tonbridge School and Emmanuel College, Cambridge. Ordained in 1929 his first post was as a curate at St Mary's Portsea, Portsmouth.

He then emigrated to India, where he was Vicar of Poona until his ordination to the episcopate. In India he was a founder member of the *Christa Prema Seva Sangha*, which sought to live Christianity in a way that was faithful to Indian culture. A noted author, upon return to England, he served as an Assistant Bishop of Truro and Vicar of St Clement. After retiring from Truro diocese he went to live with the Society of St Francis (an Anglican Franciscan order) at their mother house, Hilfield Friary in Dorset, where he was a much-loved member of the community. Here he continued to exercise a ministry of counsel and encouragement until his death in 1986. He is buried in the cemetery there.


title: Puka Mach'ay (Junín)

abstract: Puka Mach'ay is a mountain in Peru which reaches a height of approximately 4,600 m (15,100 ft). It is located in the Junín Region, Yauli Province, Morococha District.

text:
# Puka Mach'ay (Junín)

**Puka Mach'ay** (Quechua *puka* red, *mach'ay* cave, "red cave", also spelled *Pucamachay*) is a mountain in Peru which reaches a height of approximately 4,600 m (15,100 ft). It is located in the Junín Region, Yauli Province, Morococha District.

## InfoBox

| Puka Mach'ay | |
| --- | --- |
| Puka Mach'ayPeru | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 4,600 m (15,100 ft) |
| Coordinates | 11°29′56″S 76°05′12″W / 11.49889°S 76.08667°W / -11.49889; -76.08667 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Peru, Junín Region |
| Parent range | Andes |