title: Portugal 1111: A Conquista de Soure

abstract: Portugal 1111: A Conquista de Soure is a real-time strategy game developed by Ciberbit, a Portuguese multimedia company, in partnership with the Municipality of Soure and historians from the University of Coimbra. The game depicts the historical events of the Portuguese Reconquista, when the Christians fought against Moorish invaders. It was the first commercial video game completely produced and designed in Portugal. The game, a historic real-time strategy game similar to Microsoft's Age of Empires, was published by the Portuguese magazine Visão and was released in 2004.

text:
# Portugal 1111: A Conquista de Soure

***Portugal 1111: A Conquista de Soure*** ("Portugal 1111: The Conquest of Soure") is a real-time strategy game developed by Ciberbit, a Portuguese multimedia company, in partnership with the Municipality of Soure and historians from the University of Coimbra. The game depicts the historical events of the Portuguese *Reconquista*, when the Christians fought against Moorish invaders.

It was the first commercial video game completely produced and designed in Portugal.

The game, a historic real-time strategy game similar to Microsoft's Age of Empires, was published by the Portuguese magazine Visão and was released in 2004.

## InfoBox

| Portugal 1111: A conquista de Soure | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Ciberbit |
| Publisher(s) | Visão |
| Composer(s) | Amílcar Cardoso <br>João Redondo |
| Platform(s) | Windows |
| Release |  |
| Genre(s) | Real-time strategy |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Rockport State Recreation Area

abstract: Rockport State Recreation Area is a 4,237-acre (17.15 km⁲) state park located along the shore of Lake Huron in Alpena and Presque Isle counties in the state of Michigan. It is operated by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and was established in 2012. The park contains limestone formations and an old limestone quarry. There is a deep water boat launch that can accommodate all sizes of watercraft. The park is located along the Lake Huron Flyway and is used to gauge the health of Lake Huron and its shoreline environment. Several ship wrecks can be found off-shore in the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary including the Portland and the Portsmouth. The park was previously known as "The Rockport property" and is not far north of Alpena, Michigan. In Alpena County, about 11 miles south is the Michigan Nature Association's Julius C. and Marie Moran Peter Memorial Nature Sanctuary. The sanctuary encompasses 95 acres and Grass Lake. dwarf lake iris, bird's-eye primrose and eastern white cedar surround it, and running through it is Hamilton Road, Michigan's first declared "Natural Beauty Road" (1971). Rockport State Recreation Area was designated a Michigan "dark sky preserve" in 2016. Rockport State Park is Michigan's 100th state park and a dark sky preserve. It contains a 300 acres (120 ha) abandoned limestone quarry, Devonian fossils, sinkholes and a protected deep water harbor. It is a U.S. 23 route heritage site. It is part of the "Alpena Blueway" paddling route.

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# Rockport State Recreation Area

**Rockport State Recreation Area** is a 4,237-acre (17.15 km2) state park located along the shore of Lake Huron in Alpena and Presque Isle counties in the state of Michigan. It is operated by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and was established in 2012. The park contains limestone formations and an old limestone quarry. There is a deep water boat launch that can accommodate all sizes of watercraft. The park is located along the Lake Huron Flyway and is used to gauge the health of Lake Huron and its shoreline environment. Several ship wrecks can be found off-shore in the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary including the *Portland* and the *Portsmouth*. The park was previously known as "The Rockport property" and is not far north of Alpena, Michigan.

In Alpena County, about 11 miles south is the Michigan Nature Association's Julius C. and Marie Moran Peter Memorial Nature Sanctuary. The sanctuary encompasses 95 acres and Grass Lake. dwarf lake iris, bird's-eye primrose and eastern white cedar surround it, and running through it is Hamilton Road, Michigan's first declared "Natural Beauty Road" (1971). Rockport State Recreation Area was designated a Michigan "dark sky preserve" in 2016.

Rockport State Park is Michigan's 100th state park and a dark sky preserve. It contains a 300 acres (120 ha) abandoned limestone quarry, Devonian fossils, sinkholes and a protected deep water harbor. It is a U.S. 23 route heritage site. It is part of the "Alpena Blueway" paddling route.

### Notes

### Citations

1. "Rockport Becomes the Newest Michigan State Park" (Press release). Michigan DNR. 2012-02-10. Retrieved 2012-02-14.
2. Travis, Jordan (April 12, 2012). "DNR to secure permission for Friends of Rockport to clear trails". *The Alpena News*. Ogden Newspapers Inc. Retrieved April 13, 2012.
3. "Rockport Boating Access Site". *Michigan's Recreational Boating Information System*.
4. Michigan DNR. "The Rockport Property Executive Summary" (PDF). p. 2.
5. "Michigan's Newest State Park: Rockport". Michigan Nature Association. March 9, 2012. Retrieved April 13, 2012.
6. Jackson, Angie (18 February 2016). "Michigan designates 3 new dark sky preserves". *MLive*.
7. "Rockport State Recreation Area". Retrieved April 17, 2023.
8. VanderWeide, Melody (March 24, 2023). "Rockport State Park 2023: Hit the Fossil Motherlode Explore a Ghost Town and Kayak to Shipwrecks". Retrieved April 17, 2023.
9. U.S. 23 Heritage route Discover Heritage Route 23
10. Alpena Blueway Discover Heritage Route 23
11. "Alpena Blueway - Michigan Water Trails". Michigan Water Trails. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
12. "Lake Huron, Michigan. Alpena Blueway". National Rivers Project. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
* Michigan Department of Natural Resources

## InfoBox

| Rockport State Recreation Area | |
| --- | --- |
| View of the old quarry | |
| Location within the state of MichiganRockport State Recreation Area (the United States) | |
| Location | Alpena, Presque Isle counties, Michigan, USA |
| Nearest city | Alpena, Michigan |
| Coordinates | 45°11′59″N 83°23′42″W / 45.1997°N 83.3949°W / 45.1997; -83.3949 |
| Area | 4,237 acres (17.15 km2) |
| Established | 2012 |
| Governing body | Michigan Department of Natural Resources |
| Website | Official website |


abstract: The Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) is a research institute where scientists study the use of data from geostationary and polar orbit weather satellites to improve forecasts of weather (including tropical cyclones and severe storms. CIMSS was formed through a Memorandum of Understanding between the University of Wisconsin–Madison, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. CIMSS parent organization, the Space Science and Engineering Center is a primary developer and operator of environmental satellite technologies. It is one of 16 NOAA Cooperative Institutes.

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# Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies

The **Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies** (**CIMSS**) is a research institute where scientists study the use of data from geostationary and polar orbit weather satellites to improve forecasts of weather (including tropical cyclones and severe storms. CIMSS was formed through a Memorandum of Understanding between the University of Wisconsin–Madison, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). CIMSS parent organization, the Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC) is a primary developer and operator of environmental satellite technologies.

It is one of 16 NOAA Cooperative Institutes (CIs).

## Background

CIMSS develops and successfully implements techniques and products for using geostationary and polar-orbiting weather satellite visible and thermal radiation observations to improve forecasts of severe storms, including tornadoes and tropical cyclones. CIMSS plays a major role in the transfer of new technology into operational practice. CIMSS scientists conduct research using passive remote sensing systems for meteorological and surface-based applications.

CIMSS also plays a major role in instrument design and testing, and related software development for improved space-based measurements of the Earth's atmosphere. CIMSS is very active in national and international field programs, testing new instrumentation, data processing systems, and assessing the geophysical utility of measurements.

## Current research

Current research also focuses on the development and testing of computer-based analysis and forecast techniques that use observations from existing and planned spacecraft and ground-based weather observing systems as part of a national program to greatly improve weather forecast capabilities for the next decade. The optimal use of satellite data in climate and global change studies has become another essential part of the CIMSS mission.

CIMSS serves as an international center for research on the interpretation and uses of operational and experimental satellite observations and remote sensing data acquired from aircraft and the ground. These data are applied to a wide variety of atmospheric and oceanographic studies and evaluated for their potential operational utility. The CIMSS international role is further strengthened through its visiting scientist program that hosts sabbaticals for several foreign scholars each year.

## Staff

The CIMSS staff consists of over 100 associates, including administrative staff, principal investigators, federal employees stationed at CIMSS, scientific and programming staff, visiting scientists, and student hourly support. The federal employees consist of the 7 members of the NOAA Advanced Satellite Products Branch, 1 NOAA Office of Research and Applications employee, 1 NOAA Severe Storms Lab employee, and 1 NASA Langley Research Center employee.

## InfoBox

CIMSS
Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies
| Established | 1980 |
| --- | --- |
| Budget | $10.8MM (FY2015) |
| Field of research | Atmospheric sciences |
| Director | Tristan L'Ecuyer |
| Address | 1225 W. Dayton St. |
| Location | Madison, Wisconsin<br>43°04′15″N 89°24′25″W / 43.0707°N 89.4069°W / 43.0707; -89.4069 |
| ZIP code | 53706 |
| Campus | University of Wisconsin–Madison |
| Affiliations | NOAA, NASA |
| Website | http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu |


title: Römisches Kaisermedaillon

abstract: The Römische Kaisermedaillon is an award presented by the city of Mainz. As part of the award, a replica of the Lyons lead medallion, probably made in 297 AD, is being presented, with the oldest known pictorial representation of the lead medallion found in Ancient Rome Mogontiacum. The award is presented at irregular intervals to persons who have rendered outstanding services to the study of the cultural history of the city of Mainz.

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# Römisches Kaisermedaillon

The **Römische Kaisermedaillon** is an award presented by the city of Mainz.

As part of the award, a replica of the Lyons lead medallion, probably made in 297 AD, is being presented, with the oldest known pictorial representation of the lead medallion found in Ancient Rome Mogontiacum. The award is presented at irregular intervals to persons who have rendered outstanding services to the study of the cultural history of the city of Mainz.

## Holders of the Römischen Kaisermedaillons


title: Ševarlije (Doboj)

abstract: Ševarlije is a village in the municipality of Doboj, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. This village is home to Bosnian footballer, Aidin Mahmutović of FK Teplice and formerly of Celik Zenica.

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# Ševarlije (Doboj)

**Ševarlije** (Cyrillic: Шеварлије) is a village in the municipality of Doboj, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. This village is home to Bosnian footballer, Aidin Mahmutović of FK Teplice and formerly of Celik Zenica.

44°40′34″N 18°04′59″E / 44.67611°N 18.08306°E / 44.67611; 18.08306

## InfoBox

| Ševarlije Шеварлије | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Ševarlije | |
| Coordinates: 44°40′34″N 18°4′59″E / 44.67611°N 18.08306°E / 44.67611; 18.08306 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Republika Srpska |
| Municipality | Doboj |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Phyllomedusa bahiana

abstract: Phyllomedusa bahiana is a species of frog in the family Hylidae endemic to Bahia and Brazil. Scientists have seen it in mountain habitats, between 280 and 1000 meters above sea level. This frog has been observed in forests near permanent bodies of water. The female frog lays eggs on overhanging leaves. When the eggs hatch, the tadpoles fall into the water below. Scientists classify this frog as not in danger of dying out due to its large range, though there is some local threat from fire and other forest-destroying factors. The frog's range includes protected parks.

text:
# Phyllomedusa bahiana

***Phyllomedusa bahiana*** is a species of frog in the family Hylidae endemic to Bahia and Brazil. Scientists have seen it in mountain habitats, between 280 and 1000 meters above sea level.

This frog has been observed in forests near permanent bodies of water. The female frog lays eggs on overhanging leaves. When the eggs hatch, the tadpoles fall into the water below.

Scientists classify this frog as not in danger of dying out due to its large range, though there is some local threat from fire and other forest-destroying factors. The frog's range includes protected parks.

## InfoBox

| *Phyllomedusa bahiana* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Hylidae |
| Genus: | *Phyllomedusa* |
| Species: | ***P. bahiana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phyllomedusa bahiana***
Lutz, 1925 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pithecopus bahiana* (Lutz, 1925) * *Pithecopus burmeisteri bahiana* (Lutz, 1925) * *Phyllomedusa burmeisteri bahiana* Lutz, 1925 | |


title: Project Allenby Connaught

abstract: Project Allenby Connaught is a scheme begun in 2006 to redevelop the military garrisons of Aldershot and Salisbury Plain in the United Kingdom. The project is named after Lord Allenby who served as a cavalry commander on Salisbury Plain, and the Duke of Connaught who was Commander-in-Chief at Aldershot Command.

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# Project Allenby Connaught

**Project Allenby Connaught** is a scheme begun in 2006 to redevelop the military garrisons of Aldershot and Salisbury Plain in the United Kingdom. The project is named after Lord Allenby who served as a cavalry commander on Salisbury Plain, and the Duke of Connaught who was Commander-in-Chief at Aldershot Command.

## History

In April 2006 Aspire Defence won a 35-year private finance initiative (PFI) contract known as Project Allenby Connaught to provide over 500 new or refurbished buildings and deliver a range of services across the garrisons of Aldershot and Salisbury Plain, from construction to catering, stores management, transport, building maintenance, grounds maintenance and cleaning. These improvements, which were delivered by joint ventures of British company Carillion and American company KBR at a cost of £1.6 billion, aimed to improve the quality of life for 18,000 soldiers living and working at the garrisons and were completed in December 2014. Funds managed by Innisfree and by InfraRed Capital Partners also invested in the project. Sites around Salisbury Plain where improvements took place included Bulford, Larkhill, Perham Down, Tidworth and Warminster.

In November 2016 Aspire Defence won an extension to the contract under which it would deliver a further 130 new buildings, as well as extensions and alterations to existing buildings, as part of the Army Basing Programme in order to allow the return of troops from Germany by 2019.

Following the January 2018 collapse of Carillion, KBR acquired Carillion's interests in Aspire Defence.


abstract: Cherokee Township is one of sixteen townships in Cherokee County, Iowa, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 6,073.

text:
# Cherokee Township, Cherokee County, Iowa

**Cherokee Township** is one of sixteen townships in Cherokee County, Iowa, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 6,073.

## Geography

Cherokee Township covers an area of 35.98 square miles (93.2 km2) and contains one incorporated settlement, Cherokee (the county seat). According to the USGS, it contains four cemeteries: Memory Gardens, Mental Health Institute, Mount Calvary and Oak Hill.

## InfoBox

| Cherokee Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 42°46′46″N 095°33′46″W / 42.77944°N 95.56278°W / 42.77944; -95.56278 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Iowa |
| County | Cherokee |
| Area | |
| Total | 35.98 sq mi (93.19 km2) |
| Land | 35.95 sq mi (93.1 km2) |
| Water | 0.03 sq mi (0.09 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,368 ft (417 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 6,073 |
| Density | 168.9/sq mi (65.2/km2) |
| FIPS code | 19-90654 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0467596 |


title: Dakota Club Library

abstract: The Dakota Club Library in Eagle Butte, South Dakota, also known as the Eagle Butte Library, was built in 1910. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. It is a sod building with a fieldstone veneer, on a stone foundation. It has a balloon frame addition to the rear, also with a fieldstone veneer, which is larger than the original building, and which forms a T-shape.

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# Dakota Club Library

The **Dakota Club Library** in Eagle Butte, South Dakota, also known as the **Eagle Butte Library**, was built in 1910. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

It is a sod building with a fieldstone veneer, on a stone foundation. It has a balloon frame addition to the rear, also with a fieldstone veneer, which is larger than the original building, and which forms a T-shape.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Dakota Club Library | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Lot 4 Block 3 Main St., Eagle Butte, South Dakota |
| Coordinates | 44°59′55″N 101°14′07″W / 44.99867°N 101.23517°W / 44.99867; -101.23517 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1910 |
| Built by | Works Progress Administration |
| Architectural style | WPA |
| MPS | Federal Relief Construction in South Dakota MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 04000474 |
| Added to NRHP | May 19, 2004 |


title: Eclipta collarti

abstract: Eclipta collarti is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Ernst Fuchs in 1959.

text:
# Eclipta collarti

***Eclipta collarti*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Ernst Fuchs in 1959.

## InfoBox

| *Eclipta collarti* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Eclipta* |
| Species: | ***E. collarti*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eclipta collarti***<br>(E. Fuchs, 1959) | |
|


title: Bill Ratcliffe

abstract: Wilfred Joseph "Bill" Ratcliffe was an Australian politician. He was a Labor Party member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1922 until 1932, representing the districts of Botany (1922–1927), Alexandria (1927–1930) and Barwon (1930–1932). He was Secretary of Public Works and Minister for Railways for four months in 1927, during the last months of the first Lang government. Ratcliffe was born at Pyrmont, and was a tram driver before entering politics as a local alderman. He was an unsuccessful Labor candidate at the 1920 state election, when he was placed fifth and last on the Labor ticket for multi-member Botany. He again contested Botany in 1922 and was again placed fifth on the Labor list, but this time, campaigned for voters to ignore the official ticket and give him their first preference. The tactic was successful, and he was elected at the expense of fellow Labor MLA Simon Hickey; however, it earned him significant enmity within the Labor Party. He was expelled by the Labor executive in April and sat as an Independent Labor member, but was readmitted to the party in July. Ratcliffe was re-elected in 1925 when Labor won a majority under Jack Lang, and was promoted to the ministry in 1927, when Martin Flannery was dropped in a reshuffle. His ministerial career was cut short by Labor's defeat that year; however, he was re-elected as the member for Alexandria. The Alexandria seat was abolished in 1930, and Ratcliffe lost the preselection ballot for inner-city Redfern. The executive tried to find him another seat; after rumours he would run for Monaro, he was appointed candidate for the traditionally conservative rural seat of Barwon. He won the seat, but suffered from ill health during his final term, and retired in 1932. He died in 1935, and was buried in the Roman Catholic section of Rookwood Cemetery.

text:
# Bill Ratcliffe

**Wilfred Joseph** "**Bill**" **Ratcliffe** (30 May 1880 – 25 March 1935) was an Australian politician. He was a Labor Party member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1922 until 1932, representing the districts of Botany (1922–1927), Alexandria (1927–1930) and Barwon (1930–1932). He was Secretary of Public Works and Minister for Railways for four months in 1927, during the last months of the first Lang government.

Ratcliffe was born at Pyrmont, and was a tram driver before entering politics as a local alderman. He was an unsuccessful Labor candidate at the 1920 state election, when he was placed fifth and last on the Labor ticket for multi-member Botany. He again contested Botany in 1922 and was again placed fifth on the Labor list, but this time, campaigned for voters to ignore the official ticket and give him their first preference. The tactic was successful, and he was elected at the expense of fellow Labor MLA Simon Hickey; however, it earned him significant enmity within the Labor Party. He was expelled by the Labor executive in April and sat as an Independent Labor member, but was readmitted to the party in July.

Ratcliffe was re-elected in 1925 when Labor won a majority under Jack Lang, and was promoted to the ministry in 1927, when Martin Flannery was dropped in a reshuffle. His ministerial career was cut short by Labor's defeat that year; however, he was re-elected as the member for Alexandria. The Alexandria seat was abolished in 1930, and Ratcliffe lost the preselection ballot for inner-city Redfern. The executive tried to find him another seat; after rumours he would run for Monaro, he was appointed candidate for the traditionally conservative rural seat of Barwon. He won the seat, but suffered from ill health during his final term, and retired in 1932. He died in 1935, and was buried in the Roman Catholic section of Rookwood Cemetery.


title: CopyCat Killers

abstract: CopyCat Killers is a documentary-style television series that investigates real-life crimes that appear to be copied from actual Hollywood movies. The series debuted in 2016 and is broadcast in the United States by Reelz.

text:
# CopyCat Killers

***CopyCat Killers*** is a documentary-style television series that investigates real-life crimes that appear to be copied from actual Hollywood movies. The series debuted in 2016 and is broadcast in the United States by Reelz.

For its third season, premiering on Reelz on February 2, 2019, *CopyCat Killers'* new hour long episodes have been slated to examine CopyCat deaths based on movies and television shows including *Slender Man*, *Casino*, *Twilight*, *A Nightmare on Elm Street* and *Fight Club*.

### Season 1

Original film or television series - Similar killing(s)

### Season 2

Original film or television series - Similar killing(s)

### Season 3

Original film or television series - Similar killing(s)

## InfoBox

| *CopyCat Killers* | |
| --- | --- |
| Documentary | |
| Presented by |  |
| Narrated by | * Brian Stivale |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 3 |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | * Phil Claroni * Becky Dodson |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Production company | Story House |
| Original release | |
| Network |  |
| Release | February 27, 2016 (2016-02-27) <br>November 20, 2020 (2020-11-20) |


title: John Senex

abstract: John Senex (1678–1740) was an English cartographer, engraver and explorer. He was also an astrologer, geologist, and geographer to Queen Anne of Great Britain, editor and seller of antique maps and most importantly creator of the pocket-size map of the world. He owned a business on Fleet Street in London, where he sold maps. He was born in Ludlow, Shropshire and died in London.

text:
# John Senex

**John Senex** (1678–1740) was an English cartographer, engraver and explorer.

He was also an astrologer, geologist, and geographer to Queen Anne of Great Britain, editor and seller of antique maps and most importantly creator of the pocket-size map of the world. He owned a business on Fleet Street in London, where he sold maps. He was born in Ludlow, Shropshire and died in London.

## Importance

He was one of the principal cartographers of the 18th century. He started his apprenticeship with Robert Clavell, at the Stationers Company, in 1692. Senex is famous for his maps of the world, some of which have added elevations, and which feature minuscule detailed engravings. Many of these maps can be found in museum collections; rarely, copies are available for private sale. Some copies are held in the National Maritime Museum; many of his maps are now in the possession of Trinity College Dublin. Having worked and collaborated with Charles Price, Senex created a series of engravings for the London Almanacs, and in 1714 he published together with Maxwell an English Atlas. In 1719 he published a miniature edition of *Britannia* by John Ogilby. He became particularly interested in depicting California as an island instead of part of mainland North America, a trait which makes many of his maps appealing to collectors. In 1721 he published a new general atlas. He used the work of cartographer Guillaume de L’Isle as an influence.

In the 1720s he produced a series of celestial charts in conjunction with Edmond Halley, using Halley's pirated edition of John Flamsteed's star catalogue.

In 1728 Senex was elected into the Fellowship of the Royal Society of London.

### Footnotes

### Bibliography


title: Down to the River

abstract: Down to the River is an album by the Allman Betts Band. Their first album, it was released as a CD and as an LP on June 28, 2019. The Allman Betts Band includes the sons of three founding members of the Allman Brothers Band – Devon Allman, Duane Betts, and Berry Duane Oakley.

text:
# Down to the River

***Down to the River*** is an album by the Allman Betts Band. Their first album, it was released as a CD and as an LP on June 28, 2019.

The Allman Betts Band includes the sons of three founding members of the Allman Brothers BandDevon Allman (son of Gregg Allman), Duane Betts (son of Dickey Betts), and Berry Duane Oakley (son of Berry Oakley).

## Critical reception

In the *Sarasota Herald-Tribune* Wade Tatangelo wrote, "The Allman Betts Band's debut album *Down to the River* delivers a most welcome serving of Southern comfort.... Core members Devon Allman, Duane Betts and Berry Duane Oakley... have taken the blend of blues, rock, country and gospel pioneered by their fathers and added to that legacy with a collection of mostly original songs that brim with the kind of warm, lived-in richness rarely heard these days by contemporary bands."

Jeff Tamarkin wrote in *Relix*, "While some of the hallmarks of the Allman Brothers Band are embedded in their music – blame it on the DNA – they're all about keeping it contemporary.... Southern rock is alive and in good hands with The Allman Betts Band."

Stephen Thomas Erlewine said on AllMusic, "Allman and Betts are intentionally following in the footsteps of their fathers, so they've chosen to work with a limited palette, one that cherry-picks the best moments of the past. If *Down to the River* isn't as adventurous or hungry or exploratory as any Allman Brothers Band album, there's nevertheless a deliberately cultivated warmth that's designed to appeal to Allman fans..."

In *Americana Highways* David Nowels wrote, "Highlights were many for me. In fact, with each additional listen, this song or that song seemed to jump out at me in ways I missed previously. The songs stand alone well, but really underscore a collective feel for the album.... With the Allman Betts Band and *Down to the River*, all feels right in the world."

In *Blues Rock Review* Pete Francis said, "Expectations were high for this album, but the Allman Betts Band delivers the goods. It's an album where the group pays homage to its famous lineage while creating a legacy of its own."

In *Rock and Blues Muse* Mike O'Cull wrote, "Music at this level is about a lot more than playing and singing. Intention, spirit, and non-verbal understanding are crucial to making a band like this matter.... *Down to the River* is the best rock album thus far in 2019 and has the potential to be a game-changer."

In *Spectrum Culture* Justin Cober-Lake said, "The songwriting itself feels post-Allman Brothers, in that line, but a little more in the groove and less ready to jam; think more of a pop sensibility and less *Eat a Peach*.... Not surprisingly, it's a highly professional album, and in the hands of producer Matt Ross-Spang (Margo Price, Lucero and many more), it sounds great."

In *Ink 19* Michelle Wilson wrote, "Allman Brothers Band fans will absolutely love this record. It's a fine line between tipping your hats to your fathers while still creating your own style, but they have managed to do just that. Every track is great."

## Track listing

1. "All Night" (Devon Allman, Duane Betts, Stoll Vaughan) – 4:45
2. "Shinin'" (Betts, Vaughan) – 4:29
3. "Try" (Cisco Adler, Allman) – 2:54
4. "Down to the River" (Allman, Betts, Vaughan) – 4:37
5. "Autumn Breeze" (Chris Williams) – 8:43
6. "Good Ol' Days" (Allman) – 3:39
7. "Melodies Are Memories" (Allman, Betts, Vaughan) – 4:05
8. "Southern Accents" (Tom Petty) – 4:33
9. "Long Gone" (Allman, Betts, Vaughan) – 6:33

## Personnel

**The Allman Betts Band**

* Devon Allman – electric and acoustic guitar, background vocals, lead vocals on "All Night", "Try", "Down to the River", "Good Ol' Days", "Southern Accents", "Long Gone"
* Duane Betts – electric and acoustic guitar, background vocals, lead vocals on "Shinin'", "Autumn Breeze", "Melodies Are Memories", "Long Gone"
* Berry Duane Oakley – bass, background vocals
* Johnny Stachela – slide guitar, electric guitar
* John Lum – drums
* R. Scott Bryan – percussion, background vocals

**Additional musicians**

* Peter Levin – Hammond B-3 organ, Wurlitzer electric piano, piano
* Matt Ross-Spang – acoustic guitar, percussion on "Shinin'", "Try", "Down to the River"
* Lamar Williams, Jr. – background vocals on "Down to the River"
* Chuck Leavell – piano on "Autumn Breeze"

**Production**

* Produced by Matt Ross-Spang
* Mixing: Matt Ross-Spang
* Assistant mixing engineer: Daniel Lynn
* Mastering: Pete Lyman
* Art direction, design: Charley Robinson
* Photography: Christopher Brush

## InfoBox

| Down to the River | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by The Allman Betts Band | |
| Released | June 28, 2019 |
| Studio | Muscle Shoals Sound Studio |
| Genre | Southern rock |
| Length | 44:24 |
| Label | BMG |
| Producer | Matt Ross-Spang |
| The Allman Betts Band chronology | |
| ***Down to the River***
(2019) *Bless Your Heart*
(2020) | |


title: Project Adventure

abstract: Project Adventure is an international nonprofit education organization based in Beverly, Massachusetts. The mission of Project Adventure is to provide leadership in the expansion of adventure-based experiential programming.

text:
# Project Adventure

**Project Adventure** is an international nonprofit education organization based in Beverly, Massachusetts. The mission of Project Adventure is to provide leadership in the expansion of adventure-based experiential programming.

## History

Project Adventure began as an adventure-based physical education program at the Hamilton-Wenham Regional High School in Massachusetts in 1971. Across approximately half a heavily wooded acre behind the school, a range of stations were installed including a low tightrope, a "monkey bridge" approximately twenty feet above ground, and a trapeze hanging about six feet away from a small platform at the top of a tall pegged pole. At this latter station, students on belay climbed the pole, stood upright on the small platform, and leaped across to try to grasp the trapeze. Students developed problem solving and collaboration skills, as well as overcoming fears and gaining confidence in their physical abilities. Another related tradition at the school was the infamous "mud walk" where students in the biology program were lashed together for a walk through the Miles River swamp which abutted the Project Adventure grounds. The shortest of students often needed to be helped by others from disappearing below the surface; this support did not always keep them from being submerged temporarily, and all clothes had to be discarded after the activity. However, students were always permitted to opt out of the Project Adventure exercises and the mud walk.

By applying Outward Bound's adventure learning principles in schools, the organization received federal funding to expand its programs across the United States. This high school is located in Hamilton Massachusetts and in 2011 placed as the 9th best school in Massachusetts.


title: Dakota Coal Company

abstract: The Dakota Coal Company, subsidiary of Basin Electric Power Cooperative, is based in Bismarck, North Dakota. It controls the rights to lignite reserves in North Dakota and provides financing for the Freedom Mine north of Beulah, ND. Dakota Coal Company is also responsible for marketing Freedom Mine lignite production. Dakota Coal and The Coteau Properties Co. work closely with their customers to ensure lignite quality doesn't hamper daily plant operations.

text:
# Dakota Coal Company

The **Dakota Coal Company**, subsidiary of Basin Electric Power Cooperative, is based in Bismarck, North Dakota. It controls the rights to lignite reserves in North Dakota and provides financing for the Freedom Mine north of Beulah, ND. Dakota Coal Company is also responsible for marketing Freedom Mine lignite production. Dakota Coal and The Coteau Properties Co. work closely with their customers to ensure lignite quality doesn't hamper daily plant operations.

## Mining History Leading to Dakota Coal Co.

Settlement mainly started when Easterners launched the transcontinental Northern Pacific Railway in 1871. While military and experimental expeditions traveled throughout the northern part of the Dakota Territory, they discovered oil near the top of the land. The mineral source of coal was such an important discovery in the Dakota region because they lacked any forests to provide fuel from lumber needed for survival. The more pioneers that arrived the faster coal was used for energy, and quickly became North Dakota's first major industry.

## Customers

Customers for Dakota Coal Company include Basin Electric's Antelope Valley Station, the Leland Olds Station, and Dakota Gasification Company's Great Plains Synfuels Plant. Dakota Coal also has a division, Wyoming Lime Producers, and a subsidiary, Montana Limestone Company.

## Projects

North Dakota Coal has two separate projects which are headed by two separate companies (North American Coal Corp & South Heart Coal LLC) which are both under fire from environmental groups. Each of these companies have been using the state's money (totaling in 8 million dollars) to advance each of their respective projects, and the deadline to their state contracts are both ending at the conclusion of this year. "They are dead in the water," said Wayde Schafer of the Sierra Club. "No progress has been made on either of them and nothing to show for the money they've spent." A spokesman for North American Coal Corp stated that "We still believe the project is an important part of the nation's energy solution," spokesman David Straley said. South Heart Coal LLC has yet to make a statement about their case.

**The United States of America vs. Basin Electric Power Cooperative:** After being investigated for two years, in 1997, the United States took action. Filed in the U.S. District Court in Bismarck, the complaint accused the Basin Cooperative of overcharging the United States government millions of dollars. Allegedly the Department of Western Area Power Administration falsely overpaid $23.8 million. Basin also fraudulently used a 10-year amortization period plan for interest when they normally used a 20-year plan. This directly caused a disparate fee. Dakota Coal Company (subsidiary of Basin) was used to falsely charge financially gained margins not prohibited under contract. The government is allotted from $5,000-$10,000 per violation under the False Claims Act.

**North Dakota vs. Minnesota:** In 2007, Minnesota signed the Next Generation Energy Act, which not only barred Minnesota from building more coal power plants but from entering into contract or purchasing coal-made electricity sources. While the Act was intended to reduce Minnesota's carbon-dioxide emissions it was in violation of the Constitution's interstate commerce clause. It limited North Dakota companies (including the Dakota Coal Company) the ability to sell; which is a regulation only Congress has authority over. North Dakota filed the lawsuit November 2011 and was unanimously favored by the federal judge but later appealed by Minnesota. For a final standing in June 2016 a panel of judges of the 8th U.S. Circuit Appeals ruled against Minnesota.

**North Dakota vs. the U.S. Department of Interior:**  North Dakota filed against the U.S. Department of Interior Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSM) in 2016 due to the new Stream Protection Rule, which violates federal law and the United States Constitution. It oversteps on North Dakota's regulation services of surface mining and reclamation within the state. North Dakota Public Service Commissioner Randy Christmann commented, “In the most recent evaluation of our program, the OSM said that North Dakota has an effective program with no issues in need of corrective action. But with this rule, the Obama administration would infringe on our authority and effectively stop much of the coal mining in North Dakota.”

## Coal Land Reclamation

**Clean Air Act:** Passed in 1963, to offer federal aid, involvement in interstate pollution topics, and create state agencies but later amendments proved more important.

* The 1965 Amendment: demanded the U.S. Health, Education, and Services to develop and apply clean air standards.
* The 1970 Amendment: gave power to the federal government to regulate pollution in four key ways:

1. National Ambient Air Quality Standards created to protect the environment and human wellbeing
2. New Source Performance Standards; researching where and how much pollution is deemed legal.
3. Auto emissions standards and gas reduction by 90%
4. Encouraged states to accomplish standards and that all plans should be EPA approved.

**Clean Power Plan:** Introduced in 2015 under the Obama administration, this plan was formed to majorly reduce the carbon-dioxide emissions to fight against the waging war on climate change. To reach the plans goal in 2030, power plants emissions will be reduced nationwide by a whopping 32%. Provided by the EPA North Dakota, specifically, will have to reduce its carbon emissions by 44.9%.

## Divisions and Subsidiaries

* Wyoming Lime Producers
* Montana Limestone Company
* Westmoreland Coal Company
    + Beluah Mine
* The Coteau Properties Company
    + The Freedom Mine
* BNI Coal
    + The Center Mine


title: Edinburgh City Mission

abstract: Edinburgh City Mission is a Christian charitable organisation in Scotland, UK.

text:
# Edinburgh City Mission

**Edinburgh City Mission** is a Christian charitable organisation in Scotland, UK.

## Overview

The aim of the charity is to share the Gospel of Jesus Christ in words and action. This is done by working in poverty relief among the inhabitants of Edinburgh and the surrounding area, particularly in deprived communities.

## History

Edinburgh City Mission was founded on 1 March 1832 by David Nasmith, six years after the founding of the first City Mission in the world, Glasgow City Mission.

The Mission has formerly been active in various forms of outreach, including street evangelism, setting up special events, and working in the more deprived areas of the city through Mission Halls and Drop-In Centres.

The Mission also used to run Christian Heritage Edinburgh and hosted Celtic Tours on the Royal Mile. Christian Heritage Edinburgh became an independent charity in its own right a few years ago.

## Current work

The Mission runs a network of seven partner church-based Foodbanks throughout Edinburgh and the surrounding area. The Foodbanks provide resources for people who are struggling to afford basic necessities, provide relational support and sign-posting to other services.

The mission has also established Soul Food meals, Salaam (support work for refugees and asylum seekers), a Storehouse food storage and distribution centre and a Clothesbank.

In the summer of 2017, the Trustees appointed Duncan Cuthill as its new CEO.

Edinburgh City Mission helped found the Care Van in association with Bethany Christian Trust in 1990 and continues to partner with Bethany with its management. Forty Edinburgh churches provide volunteer teams to run the Care Van 363 evenings a year, and other volunteers run it 250 lunch-times a year.


title: Birsingha

abstract: Birsingha is a large village located in Ghatal Block of Paschim Medinipur district, West Bengal. Earlier this village was part of Hooghly District. Birsingha village is famous for the birthplace of the great Bengali social reformer and the author of Varna Parichay Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.

text:
# Birsingha

**Birsingha** is a large village located in Ghatal Block of Paschim Medinipur district, West Bengal. Earlier this village was part of Hooghly District. *Birsingha* village is famous for the birthplace of the great Bengali social reformer and the author of *Varna Parichay* Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.

## Geography

8km
5miles Rupnarayan River Uttar BarH RadhanagarH RadhakantapurH PalashpaiH NarajoleH LaodaH LachhipurH KotalpurH JayantipurH JalsharaH IswarpurH GobindanagarH GangadaspurH Dihi BaliharpurH ChaipatH BaikunthapurH AluiH AjuriaH BirsinghaR SonakhaliR DaspurR RamjibanpurM KhirpaiM KhararM  GhatalM  ChandrakonaM**Cities and towns in Ghatal subdivision of Paschim Medinipur district**
M: municipal city/ town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious centre
Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly

### Location

Birsingha is located at 22°43′21″N 87°39′22″E / 22.7225°N 87.6562°E / 22.7225; 87.6562.

### Area overview

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, scholar, social reformer and a key figure of the Bengal Renaissance, was born at Birsingha on 26 September 1820.

Ghatal subdivision, shown in the map alongside, has alluvial soils. Around 85% of the total cultivated area is cropped more than once. It has a density of population of 1,099 per km2, but being a small subdivision only a little over a fifth of the people in the district reside in this subdivision. 14.33% of the population lives in urban areas and 86.67% lives in the rural areas.

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Birsingha had a total population of 3,026, of which 1,588 (52%) were males and 1,438 (48%) were females. There were 342 persons in the age range of 0–6 years. The total number of literate persons in Birsingha was 2,343 (87.30% of the population over 6 years).

## Notable people

## Education

Birsingha Bhagabati Vidyalaya is the oldest school in this area. Birsingha Vidyasagar Balika Vidyapith is a Bengali-medium girls' only institution established in 1971. The school has facilities for teaching from class V to class X. It has a library with 200 books and 15 computers. It is housed in a government building.

Birsingha Primary School was established in 1929.

## Healthcare

Vidyasagar Block Primary Health Centre, with 10 beds at Birsingha, is the major government medical facility in the Ghatal CD block.

## InfoBox

| Birsingha | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| BirsinghaBirsingha | |
| Coordinates: 22°43′21″N 87°39′22″E / 22.7225°N 87.6562°E / 22.7225; 87.6562 | |
| Country | India |
| State | West Bengal |
| District | Paschim Medinipur |
| Elevation | 19 m (62 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 3,026 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Bengali, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-WB |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Ghatal |
| Website | paschimmedinipur.gov.in |


abstract: The Office of National Narcotics Intelligence (ONNI) was a United States federal law enforcement agency under the Justice Department, founded in August 1972 by order of President Richard M. Nixon. It analyzed illegal drug use and was tasked to develop a National Narcotics Intelligence System, conducting analysis only with no operational responsibilities. Liaisons were established with the CIA and NSA. The agency was headed by former FBI Assistant to the Director William C. Sullivan until the ONNI was consolidated in July 1973 into the new Drug Enforcement Administration. Waldo H. Dubberstein, who worked in ONNI's Analysis Division and was previously head of CIA analysis for the Middle East and South Asia, was later employed by the DIA and committed suicide in April 1983 after being indicted for selling classified DIA intelligence reports to Libya from 1977 to 1980.

text:
# Office of National Narcotics Intelligence

The **Office of National Narcotics Intelligence** (**ONNI**) was a United States federal law enforcement agency under the Justice Department, founded in August 1972 by order of President Richard M. Nixon. It analyzed illegal drug use and was tasked to develop a National Narcotics Intelligence System, conducting analysis only with no operational responsibilities. Liaisons were established with the CIA and NSA. The agency was headed by former FBI Assistant to the Director (third position in FBI after director and deputy director) William C. Sullivan until the ONNI was consolidated in July 1973 into the new Drug Enforcement Administration (along with the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, the Office of Drug Abuse Law Enforcement, and some Customs officers).

Waldo H. Dubberstein, who worked in ONNI's Analysis Division and was previously head of CIA analysis for the Middle East and South Asia, was later employed by the DIA and committed suicide in April 1983 after being indicted for selling classified DIA intelligence reports to Libya from 1977 to 1980.

## Sources

* *Agency of Fear: Opiates and Political Power in America* by Edward J. Epstein, 1977, ISBN 0399116567
* *The Great Heroin Coup: Drugs, Intelligence, & International Fascism* by Henrik Kruger, et al., 2016 updated ed., ISBN 1634240189


title: Ray Webster (first baseman)

abstract: Ramón Alberto Webster is a Panamanian former professional baseball first baseman. He played in Major League Baseball for the Kansas City / Oakland Athletics, San Diego Padres, and Chicago Cubs. Webster came on strong in his rookie season for the Athletics, and handily won the starting first base job over Ken Harrelson after hit.256 with 11 home runs and 51 RBI in 360 at-bats. Since the 1968 Opening Day, Webster batted cleanup in the order behind Bert Campaneris, Reggie Jackson and Sal Bando. Unfortunately, a leg injury suffered in early May limited his playing time for the rest of the season, dropping off to.214 with three homers and 23 RBI in 66 games, and never recovered his previous form. Eventually, he finished his career as a left-handed pinch-hitter producing unsatisfactory results. In a five-season career, Webster was a.244 hitter (190-for-778) with 17 home runs and 98 RBI in 380 games, including 76 runs, 31 doubles, six triples, and nine stolen bases.

text:
# Ray Webster (first baseman)

**Ramón Alberto Webster** (born August 31, 1942) is a Panamanian former professional baseball first baseman. He played in Major League Baseball for the Kansas City / Oakland Athletics, San Diego Padres, and Chicago Cubs.

Webster came on strong in his rookie season for the Athletics, and handily won the starting first base job over Ken Harrelson after hit .256 with 11 home runs and 51 RBI in 360 at-bats. Since the 1968 Opening Day, Webster batted cleanup in the order behind Bert Campaneris, Reggie Jackson and Sal Bando. Unfortunately, a leg injury suffered in early May limited his playing time for the rest of the season, dropping off to .214 with three homers and 23 RBI in 66 games, and never recovered his previous form. Eventually, he finished his career as a left-handed pinch-hitter producing unsatisfactory results.

In a five-season career, Webster was a .244 hitter (190-for-778) with 17 home runs and 98 RBI in 380 games, including 76 runs, 31 doubles, six triples, and nine stolen bases.

## InfoBox

| Ramón Webster | |
| --- | --- |
| **First baseman / Outfielder** | |
| **Born:**  (1942-08-31) August 31, 1942<br>Colón, Panama | |
| **Batted:** Left**Threw:** Left | |
| MLB debut | |
| April 11, 1967, for the Kansas City Athletics | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| August 22, 1971, for the Chicago Cubs | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .244 |
| Home runs | 17 |
| Runs batted in | 98 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Chersotis ebertorum

abstract: Chersotis ebertorum is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in the eastern part of Turkey, Iran, Transcaucasia and the Levant. Adults are on wing from May to June. There is one generation per year.

text:
# Chersotis ebertorum

***Chersotis ebertorum*** is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in the eastern part of Turkey, Iran, Transcaucasia and the Levant.

Adults are on wing from May to June. There is one generation per year.

## InfoBox

| *Chersotis ebertorum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | *Chersotis* |
| Species: | ***C. ebertorum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Chersotis ebertorum***<br>Koçak, 1980 | |
|


title: Edith Konecky

abstract: Edith Konecky was a Jewish American feminist novelist.

text:
# Edith Konecky

**Edith Konecky** (August 1, 1922 – March 28, 2019) was a Jewish American feminist novelist.

## Early life and education

Konecky was born Edith Rubin on August 1, 1922, in Brooklyn, New York, the daughter of Harry and Elizabeth Smith Rubin. Konecky has an older brother, Martin. Harry's father had escaped the pogroms in Eastern Europe, immigrating to the United States, where he became a prosperous dress manufacturer. Elizabeth's mother, Ida Berlin, ran away from her family in Kiev at a very young age because she was promised to be married to someone she did not like, ending up in New York. She was, perhaps, the most important influence on Edith as she was growing up. Elizabeth's father, Max Shmitoff, later changed to Smith at Ellis Island, was said to have pulled a Cossack off his horse during a pogrom at their Jewish village near Minsk, in Belarus, killing him with his own sword.

She returned to school at age 37, in 1961, graduating from Columbia University.

## Career

Even as she entered into her life as a suburban mother in the 1950s, Konecky did not stop writing, using her daily experiences as fodder for her short stories.

One year after graduating from Columbia University, Konecky received a Yaddo fellowship. She continued to win fellowships to Yaddo throughout the late 1960s and late 1970s.

During the 1960s and into the 1970s, Konecky published several short stories and then in 1976, her widely acclaimed first novel, *Allegra Maud Goldman*. Konecky began writing Allegra while at the MacDowell colony in 1962.

The image of her father — a distant, driven character — featured prominently in both *Allegra* and Konecky's later novel, *A Place at the Table*. *Allegra* is a coming-of-age work that chronicles the growth of a young female artist. In brilliantly comic, deceptively simple vignettes, Konecky depicts the world of a nouveau riche Jewish American family in the early part of the 20th century. In her later novel, *A Place at the Table* (1989 & 2000), Konecky explores similar territory through the eyes of an older, more experienced heroine, Rachel. This novel also deals with Konecky's sexuality. *A Place at the Table* was a finalist for the 1990 Stonewall Book Award.

Konecky's more recent works are a collection of short stories, *Past Sorrows and Coming Attractions* (2002) and a novel, *View to the North* (2004).

## Personal life

In 1944, Edith Rubin married Murray L. Konecky and together they had two children, Michael and Joshua. Konecky and her husband divorced in 1963 and by the time *Allegra* appeared, Konecky came out as a lesbian.

## Awards and honors

Source:

* New York Foundation of the Arts fellowship, 1992
* Wurlitzer Foundation fellowship, 1974

## Works

Source:

* *Fiction and the Facts of Life* (2011) Maplewood, N.J.: Hamilton Stone Editions. ISBN 9780980178678
* *Love and Money* (2006) Maplewood, N.J.: Hamilton Stone Editions. ISBN 9780971487369
* *View to the North* (2004) Maplewood, N.J.: Hamilton Stone Editions. ISBN 9780971487338
* *Past Sorrows and Coming Attractions* (2000) Maplewood, N.J.: Hamilton Stone Editions. ISBN 9780965404341
* *A Place at the Table* (1989) New York: Random House. ISBN 9780394575223
* *Allegra Maud Goldman* (1976) New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 9780060124526

## InfoBox

| Edith Konecky | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Edith Rubin
(1922-08-01)August 1, 1922
New York City, U.S. |
| Died | March 28, 2019(2019-03-28) (aged 96) |
| Occupation | Novelist |
| Alma mater | New York University
Columbia University |
| Spouse | Murray L. Konecky  (m. 1944; div. 1963) |
| Children | 2 |
| Parents | Harry Rubin
Elizabeth Smith Rubin |


title: Birač (region)

abstract: Birač is a region of eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina comprising the municipalities of Milići, Vlasenica, Srebrenica, Bratunac, Zvornik and Šekovići.

text:
# Birač (region)

**Birač** (Serbian Cyrillic: Бирач) is a region of eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina comprising the municipalities of Milići, Vlasenica, Srebrenica, Bratunac, Zvornik and Šekovići.

## History

### Yugoslavia

In November 1990 multi-party elections were held in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the first time since the Second World War. The principal element of the political platform of the SDS was the goal of unifying ethnic Serbs in a common state. The outcome of the election meant that the SDS would not be able to ensure that Bosnia and Herzegovina continue to be part of a Serb-dominated Yugoslavia through democratic and peaceful means alone. The Bosnian Serbs began to organise certain areas of BiH into formal regional structures as "Associations of Municipalities", a form of structure that was already provided for under the 1974 Yugoslav constitutional regime. These Associations were nominally non-ethnic but were the first step toward establishing separate Bosnian Serb governmental bodies in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In September 1991, the various Associations of Municipalities were transformed into Serbian Autonomous Oblasts (SAOs). On 9 November 1991 Birac was designated an SAO and on 21 November 1991 the Bosnian Serb Assembly established Birač as a Serbian Autonomous *Oblast* and merged it with the *Oblast* of Romanija to form the Serb Autonomous Region of Romanija-Birac.

On 9 January 1992, the Bosnian Serb Assembly adopted a declaration proclaiming the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (SRBiH). On 28 February 1992 the Constitution of the Serbian Republic of BiH declared that the territory of the SRBiH included "the territories of the Serbian Autonomous Regions and Districts and of other Serbian ethnic entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina" and that it was part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. On 12 August 1992 the SRBiH's name was changed to Republika Srpska. The Serb Autonomous Region of Romanija-Birač became part of Republika Srpska.

## Sources

* М. Филиповић, Град и предео Бирач, Југословенски историјски часопис 1939

44°08′N 19°03′E / 44.133°N 19.050°E / 44.133; 19.050


title: Copălău

abstract: Copălău is a commune in Botoșani County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Cerbu, Copălău, and Cotu. It included four other villages until 2003, when these were detached to form Coșula commune.

text:
# Copălău

**Copălău** is a commune in Botoșani County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Cerbu, Copălău, and Cotu. It included four other villages until 2003, when these were detached to form Coșula commune.

## Geography

The commune is situated on the Moldavian Plain, on the banks of the river Miletin. It is located in the southern part of the county, 22 km (14 mi) from the county seat, Botoșani. To the north, Copălău borders Sulița commune, to the south and east the town of Flămânzi, and to the west and northwest Coșula and Bălușeni communes.

## Copălău garlic

It is said that the garlic of Copălău is the best in Romania. Continuing a tradition that dates back centuries, more than 40% of the locals cultivate the subspecies of *Allium sativum*; the bulbs are medium-sized and oval, weighing about 45 g (1.6 oz), with only 4 to 5 cloves. Considered unique due to the soil's quality, the Copălău garlic has gained fame both nationally and internationally; as a result, authorities are preparing to register it as a product with a protected geographical indication.

## Natives

## InfoBox

| Copălău | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
|  | |
| Location in Botoșani County | |
| CopălăuLocation in Romania | |
| Coordinates: 47°37′N 26°50′E / 47.617°N 26.833°E / 47.617; 26.833 | |
| Country | Romania |
| County | Botoșani |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202024) | Ciprian Ivanov (PNL) |
| Area | 43.46 km2 (16.78 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 100 m (300 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 262 m (860 ft) |
| Population (2021-12-01) | 3,996 |
| Density | 92/km2 (240/sq mi) |
| Time zone | EET/EEST (UTC+2/+3) |
| Postal code | 717060 |
| Vehicle reg. | BT |
| Website | www.copalau.ro |


title: 17th Reserve Division (German Empire)

abstract: The 17th Reserve Division was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. At the beginning of the war, it formed the IX Reserve Corps with the 18th Reserve Division.

text:
# 17th Reserve Division (German Empire)

The **17th Reserve Division** (*17. Reserve-Division*) was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. At the beginning of the war, it formed the IX Reserve Corps with the 18th Reserve Division.

## Recruitment

The division was composed primarily of troops from the Free and Hanseatic Cities and from Schleswig-Holstein. The division included one regular infantry brigade, the 81st, raised in Schleswig-Holstein and Lübeck, and one reserve infantry brigade, the 33rd, raised primarily in Hamburg and Bremen. Besides these regions, other troops of the division came from parts of the Province of Hanover adjoining Bremen and Hamburg.

## Combat chronicle

The 17th Reserve Division fought on the Western Front. It fought across Belgium in August 1914 and then occupied the line on the Aisne until September 1915. It then went to Flanders and the Artois, where it remained engaged in positional warfare until June 1916. From mid-July to late October 1916, it fought in the Battle of the Somme with only one interlude away from the front. The division then remained in the trenchlines along the Yser until May 1917. In May, it fought in the Battle of Arras. It remained in the Flanders region for the rest of the year and into 1918 and fought in the Battle of Passchendaele. In 1918, it occupied various parts of the line and fought against several Allied offensives, including in the second Battle of Cambrai. In 1918, Allied intelligence rated the division as first class.

## Order of battle on mobilization

The order of battle of the 17th Reserve Division on mobilization was as follows:

* 81. Infanterie-Brigade
    + Infanterie-Regiment *Lübeck* (3. Hanseatisches) Nr. 162
    + Schleswig-Holsteinisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 163
* 33. Reserve-Infanterie-Brigade
    + Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 75
    + Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 76
* Reserve-Husaren-Regiment Nr. 6
* Reserve-Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 17
* 4.Kompanie/Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 9

## Order of battle on March 28, 1918

The 17th Reserve Division was triangularized in October 1916. Over the course of the war, other changes took place, including the formation of artillery and signals commands and a pioneer battalion. The order of battle on March 28, 1918, was as follows:

* 81. Infanterie-Brigade
    + Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 76
    + Infanterie-Regiment Lübeck (3. Hanseatisches) Nr. 162
    + Schleswig-Holsteinisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 163
* 1.Eskadron/Reserve-Husaren-Regiment Nr. 6
* Artillerie-Kommandeur 110
    + Reserve-Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 17
* Stab Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 317
    + 4.Kompanie/Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 9
    + Pionier-Kompanie Nr. 340
    + Minenwerfer-Kompanie Nr. 217
* Divisions-Nachrichten-Kommandeur 417

* 17. Reserve-Division (Chronik 1914/1918) - Der erste Weltkrieg
* Hermann Cron et al., *Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee* (Berlin, 1935)
* Hermann Cron, *Geschichte des deutschen Heeres im Weltkriege 1914-1918* (Berlin, 1937)
* Günter Wegner, *Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815-1939.* (Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993), Bd. 1
* *Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914–1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919* (1920)
* Dr. Phil Harboe Kardel *Errinerungs Blätter Deutscher Regimenter; Reserve Feldart.- Regiment 17*, Oldenburg i.D. (Berlin 1922)
* Holger Ritter *Historien om Schleswig-Holsteinischen Infanterie Rgiment 163*, Leuchtfeuer Velag (Hamburg1926) https://denstorekrig1914-1918.dk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/IR163\_samlet.pdf

## InfoBox

| 17th Reserve Division (*17. Reserve-Division*) | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 1914–1919 |
| Country | Germany |
| Branch | Army |
| Type | Infantry |
| Size | Approx. 15,000 |
| Engagements | World War I |


title: Downtown Campbell station

abstract: Downtown Campbell station is a Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA) light rail station, located in downtown Campbell, California. Downtown Campbell station contains one island platform, and marks the beginning of a double-track section which continues to the end of line, Winchester station in western Campbell. The station is served by the Green Line of the VTA light rail system.

text:
# Downtown Campbell station

**Downtown Campbell station** is a Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA) light rail station, located in downtown Campbell, California. Downtown Campbell station contains one island platform, and marks the beginning of a double-track section which continues to the end of line, Winchester station in western Campbell. The station is served by the Green Line of the VTA light rail system.

## Location

Downtown Campbell station is located at the intersection of Railway Avenue and Orchard City Drive. The station is located in the middle of Historic Downtown Campbell with many local shops, restaurants and services. Campbell Park is located about three blocks away, as is the Los Gatos Creek Trail trailhead.

## History

The Downtown Campbell station was constructed as part of the Vasona Extension. It was dedicated August 12, 2005, but was not opened for revenue service until October 1, 2005, due to the delay in obtaining waiver from Federal Railroad Administration.

This site is where Campbell's first train station was located, the Campbell Depot. Originally built in 1866 as part of the South Pacific Coast Railroad connecting Oakland with Santa Cruz with narrow gauge service and breaking Southern Pacific's monopoly. The railroad and station were eventually acquired by Southern Pacific.

## Platforms and tracks

The station's platform shelter is architecturally unique as compared with the other shelters used in the system. The shelter features a brick facade and a roofline that blends more naturally with the surrounding buildings. This is one of the many VTA Light Rail stations that only fits 2 cars.

There is no public art currently on display at this station.

## Connecting transit

## InfoBox

| Downtown Campbell | |
| --- | --- |
| Downtown Campbell station looking southwest along the platform | |
| General information | |
| Location | 175 Railway Avenue<br>Campbell, California |
| Coordinates | 37°17′09″N 121°56′36″W / 37.285703°N 121.943208°W / 37.285703; -121.943208 |
| Owned by | Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority |
| Platforms | 1 island platform |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Connections | VTA Bus: 26 |
| Construction | |
| Accessible | Yes |
| History | |
| Opened | October 1, 2005 (2005-10-01) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  VTA light rail Following station  Hamiltontoward Old Ironsides  Green Line  WinchesterTerminus | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former services   Preceding station Southern Pacific Railroad Following station  San JoseTerminus  San Jose Santa Cruz  Vasona Junctiontoward Santa Cruz  *Terminus*  New Almaden Narrow Gauge Branch  Los Gatos & San Jose Roadtoward New Almaden | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: Edward Nathan Pearson

abstract: Edward Nathan Pearson was the New Hampshire Secretary of State from 1899 to 1915.

text:
# Edward Nathan Pearson

**Edward Nathan Pearson** (September 7, 1859 – January 26, 1924) was the New Hampshire Secretary of State from 1899 to 1915.

## Biography

He was born in West Boscawen, New Hampshire, September 7, 1859, the son of John Couch and Elizabeth S. (Colby) Pearson. He prepared for college in the high school at Warner and the academy at Penacook and graduated from Dartmouth College in the class of 1881. Immediately upon graduation he entered the employ of the Republican Press Association at Concord, New Hampshire, as city editor of the *Concord Evening Monitor*. With the exception of one year spent in Washington, D.C., as teacher in a public school, Pearson continued his connection with the Republican Press Association and its papers, the *Evening Monitor* and *Independent Statesman*, for almost twenty years, acting during nearly half that time as managing editor of the papers and business manager of the plant.

During his connection with the Republican Press Association he was elected Public Printer of the state and served from 1894 to 1895. In 1899 he was chosen Secretary of State.

Pearson was for several years a member of the Board of Health of Concord and an officer of the Association of Boards of Health of the state. He resigned these positions upon his election to the Board of Education of the Union School District in Concord. He was a vice-president of the general alumni association of Dartmouth College and served on the committee for the nomination of candidates for alumni trustee. He was also an officer of the New Hampshire Press Association and of other organizations. He was a member of the Patrons of Husbandry and other fraternal orders and attended South Congregational Church in Concord. On December 8, 1882, he was married to Addie Marie Sargent of Lebanon. They had four children. Person died at the age of 64 on January 26, 1924, in Concord, where he is interred at the Blossom Hill Cemetery.

*This article incorporates text from the 1903 State Builders; An Illustrated Historical and Biographical Record of the State of New Hampshire at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century by George Franklyn Willey, a book now in the public domain. Please feel free to update the text but please maintain the proper citations on the information from that source*.


title: Pukara (Pacajes)

abstract: Pukara is a 4,266-metre-high (13,996 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the La Paz Department, Pacajes Province, Calacoto Municipality. Pukara lies north of the Anallajsi volcano, north-west of the mountain Pichaqa and south-west of the mountains Urqipi and Churi Willk'i. It is situated at the Jalsuri River, a right affluent of the Achuta River. The village of Pukara (Pucara) lies at its feet, south-east of it.

text:
# Pukara (Pacajes)

**Pukara** (Aymara for fortress, Hispanicized spelling *Pucara*) is a 4,266-metre-high (13,996 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the La Paz Department, Pacajes Province, Calacoto Municipality. Pukara lies north of the Anallajsi volcano, north-west of the mountain Pichaqa and south-west of the mountains Urqipi and Churi Willk'i. It is situated at the Jalsuri River, a right affluent of the Achuta River. The village of Pukara *(Pucara)* lies at its feet, south-east of it.

## InfoBox

| Pukara | |
| --- | --- |
| Pukara is visible in the upper right part of this satellite image. Sajama volcano is shown in the lower center. | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 4,266 m (13,996 ft) |
| Coordinates | 17°47′40″S 68°55′36″W / 17.79444°S 68.92667°W / -17.79444; -68.92667 |
| Geography | |
| PukaraLocation within Bolivia | |
| Location | Bolivia,<br>La Paz Department, Pacajes Province |
| Parent range | Andes |


title: Chersotis margaritacea

abstract: Chersotis margaritacea is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Central and Southern Europe up to heights of 1,500 meters. Outside of Europe, it is found in Algeria, Morocco, Anatolia, Iran, Georgia, Armenia, Kazakhstan up to the Altai Mountains.

text:
# Chersotis margaritacea

***Chersotis margaritacea*** is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Central and Southern Europe up to heights of 1,500 meters. Outside of Europe, it is found in Algeria, Morocco, Anatolia, Iran, Georgia, Armenia, Kazakhstan up to the Altai Mountains.

## Description

The wingspan is 32–40 mm. Warren (1914) states *R. margaritacea* Vill.(= *I-intactum* Hbn., *glareosa* Tr., nec Esp.) Forewing pearl-grey, slight flushed with, pink; lines marked by black costal spots; upper stigmata large, obscurely marked, separated by a square black spot; hindwing white, with the veins and terminal area darkened in female and slightly also in dark well-marked males. Occurs throughout S. Europe, in France, Italy, Switzerland, S. Germany, Austria, Hungary, Roumelia, S. Russia; also in Asia Minor, Armenia, W. Siberia, and Turkestan. Larva yellowish brown, marbled with dark above; dorsal and subdorsal lines white, with oblique black streaks between; a red and white lateral line dark-edged above; on low plants.

## Biology

The moth flies from June to September depending on the location.

The larvae feed on *Galium* and *Asperula cynanchica*.

## InfoBox

| *Chersotis margaritacea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | *Chersotis* |
| Species: | ***C. margaritacea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Chersotis margaritacea***<br>Villers, 1789 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Noctua margaritacea* * *Noctua i-intactum* * *Rhyacia margaritacea* * *Agrotis margaritacea* | |


title: Daiya-monde

abstract:
Daiya-monde is the first album by Hitomi Yaida released on 25 October 2000. The singles from this album were "B'coz I Love You" and "My Sweet Darlin'". The album also contains the mix version of "How?" & "I like" released from the indie record label only in the Kansai area. The album title is a word coined by Yaida. "Daiya" reads "Yaida" in reversed order in Japanese, and
"monde" means "the world" in French. That is, the title shows "Yaiko World". Moreover, it is an equivoque with "Diamond" of Diamond Head which produces her.

text:
# Daiya-monde

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| J-fan |  |

***Daiya-monde*** is the first album by Hitomi Yaida released on 25 October 2000. The singles from this album were "B'coz I Love You" and "My Sweet Darlin'". The album also contains the mix version of "How?" & "I like" released from the indie record label only in the Kansai area.

The album title is a word coined by Yaida. "Daiya" reads "Yaida" in reversed order in Japanese, and "monde" means "the world" in French. That is, the title shows "Yaiko World". Moreover, it is an equivoque with "Diamond" of Diamond Head which produces her.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Yaiko, all music composed by Yaiko except noted, all songs arranged by Diamond Head

| No. | Title | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "How? (UK mix)" |  |  |
| 2. | "Everything Is in Our Mind" |  |  |
| 3. | "B'coz I Love You" |  |  |
| 4. | "Your Kiss" |  |  |
| 5. | "My Sweet Darlin'" |  |  |
| 6. | "Girl's Talk" |  |  |
| 7. | "Moshimo no Uta (もしものうた)" |  |  |
| 8. | "Ne-e (ねえ)" |  |  |
| 9. | "Ōsaka Jennu (大阪ジェンヌ)" (instrumental) | Daishi Kataoka |  |
| 10. | "I Like (UK mix)" |  |  |
| 11. | "Nothing" |  |  |

## Notes and references

## InfoBox

| Daiya-monde | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Hitomi Yaida | |
| Released | 25 October 2000 |
| Genre | J-pop, Rock music |
| Length | 37:41 |
| Label | Toshiba EMI (TOCT-24455) |
| Producer | Diamond Head & Hitomi Yaida |
| Hitomi Yaida chronology | |
| ***Daiya-monde***
(2000) *Candlize*
(2001) | |


title: Potu Narsimha Reddy

abstract: Potu Narsimha Reddy was an Indian social reformer, and a member of the Satyagraha movement. In 1938, he moved from his native Ratnagiri to Chennur taluq of Adilabad District and purchased 10,000 acres (40 km²) of land. He used his wealth to assist the poor, purchasing food for nearby villages. In 1954 as landowners came under increased pressure from government, which was preparing land reform measures, Reddy voluntarily distributed his land to the poor in his region. He belongs to Dharmaram village near Bheemaram in Jaipur Mandal. He is the architect of mango gardens in all the villages in this region.

text:
# Potu Narsimha Reddy

**Potu Narsimha Reddy** was an Indian social reformer, and a member of the Satyagraha movement. In 1938, he moved from his native Ratnagiri to Chennur taluq of Adilabad District and purchased 10,000 acres (40 km²) of land. He used his wealth to assist the poor, purchasing food for nearby villages. In 1954 as landowners came under increased pressure from government, which was preparing land reform measures, Reddy voluntarily distributed his land to the poor in his region. He belongs to Dharmaram village near Bheemaram in Jaipur Mandal. He is the architect of mango gardens in all the villages in this region.


title: Bisaya nossidiiformis

abstract: Bisaya nossidiiformis is a beetle that is native to Iran, and the sole member of the genus Bisaya. Its diet consists of mainly dead wood and leaf litter .

text:
# Bisaya nossidiiformis

***Bisaya nossidiiformis*** is a beetle that is native to Iran, and the sole member of the genus ***Bisaya***. Its diet consists of mainly dead wood and leaf litter .

## InfoBox

| *Bisaya nossidiiformis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Superfamily: | Scirtoidea |
| Family: | Eucinetidae |
| Genus: | *Bisaya*
Reitter, 1884 |
| Species: | ***B. nossidiiformis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Bisaya nossidiiformis***
Reitter, 1884 | |
|


title: Copșa Mică works

abstract: The Copșa Mică works were two factories in the Transylvanian town of Copșa Mică, Sibiu County, Romania. Sometra, established in 1939, produced non-ferrous metals, particularly zinc and lead, through smelting; production has been suspended since 2009. Carbosin, dating to 1935, specialized in carbon black, and shut down in 1993. The two were the town's principal employers, but combined, they made it among the most polluted places in Eastern Europe. Soot from Carbosin encased Copșa Mică in a black covering, while metals from Sometra suffused the air, water and soil, leading to serious health effects on surrounding residents, vegetation and wildlife.

text:
# Copșa Mică works

The **Copșa Mică works** were two factories in the Transylvanian town of Copșa Mică, Sibiu County, Romania. Sometra, established in 1939, produced non-ferrous metals, particularly zinc and lead, through smelting; production has been suspended since 2009. Carbosin, dating to 1935, specialized in carbon black, and shut down in 1993. The two were the town's principal employers, but combined, they made it among the most polluted places in Eastern Europe. Soot from Carbosin encased Copșa Mică in a black covering, while metals from Sometra suffused the air, water and soil, leading to serious health effects on surrounding residents, vegetation and wildlife.

## The factories

### Sometra

Sometra was founded as a private firm in 1939 for the purpose of zinc smelting. Initially, it had three distillation furnaces, with five more added in 1948, the year it was nationalized by the new communist regime. Its initial capacity was 3000 tons of zinc per year, expanded to 4000 tons in 1946. Between 1950 and 1960, capacity was gradually expanded to 28,000 tons a year. In 1955, a unit for producing sulfuric acid was inaugurated. The unit was expanded in 1966, a year that also saw the introduction of a system for agglomerating concentrates of zinc and lead. This was the culmination of a four-year program of thorough restructuring and modernization, with the new equipment having a capacity of 30,000 tons of zinc and 20,000 tons of lead bullion per year. The 1967-1970 period saw the introduction of an electrolytic lead refining system (capacity 24,000 tons a year); a unit for extracting metallic bismuth for technical and pharmaceutical use from anode sludge, as well as gold and silver alloys and antimony slag; a unit for zinc sulfate production; a unit for zinc and ammonium chloride production; and an air preheater. Capacity was doubled between 1975 and 1984. A second zinc and lead extraction unit, with annual capacities of 30,000 tons (zinc) and 20,000 tons (lead) went online, as well as two thermal zinc refineries and greater cadmium refining. In 1983, metallic antimony production began by extracting the metal from slag, along with sodium thioantimoniate and stibnite. In 1984, a second blast furnace began operation, so that the old components built from 1939 to 1957 were retired. Between 1985 and 1989, zinc powder production began and a system for collecting residual gases was put in place. In 1988, a 250 m high chimney was built. By 1989, the plant was annually generating 43,490 tons of sulfuric acid (against a projected capacity of 126,000 tons), 23,519 tons of electrolytic lead (below the 38,000 tons projected), 29,840 tons of pure zinc, 2,094 tons of zinc powder, 19 tons of cadmium, 29 tons of bismuth and 195 tons of antimony.

The communist regime, which considered the factory crucial to the national economy and did not export its products, collapsed in 1989. Starting in 1990, production continuously fell, reaching 25% of its former level. However, output recovered to 1989 levels in some categories in 1995-1996. Starting in late 1992, efforts at updating the plant were made, including better gas purification at the agglomeration unit and blast furnace, completion of the tall chimney and a new dust filtration and water recirculation system. By 1997, some 40% of employees were laid off. The firm was privatized in 1998 when it was sold to Mytilineos Holdings. It was the country's only producer of lead and zinc concentrate. In early 2009, during the Great Recession, due to a major fall in zinc and lead orders, 80% of employees or over 700 people were laid off. The remainder were kept on for equipment maintenance, and the factory was temporarily shut down. Including their dependents, this measure affected nearly a third of the town's inhabitants, as well as provoking significant losses to the town budget.

Over the years, the company has been known as Sonemin, U.C.M., 21 Decembrie and I.M.M.N., acquiring the Sometra name in 1991.

### Carbosin

Carbosin was founded in 1935, mainly for producing carbon black from methane gas. The government of Czechoslovakia invested in the enterprise in order to develop its defense capabilities, ordering munitions and arms for its infantry. In 1939, following the German occupation, the 20% interest of Československá zbrojovka was taken over by the Nazi regime, contributing to the crippling of Romania's efforts to maintain an army outside German control.

From 1950 to 1970, new units for producing carbon black were set up, as well as for formic and oxalic acid and methyl methacrylate. The company's products were the chief raw materials for various objects made of rubber (tires, transmission belts, conveyor belts, protective clothes and shoes), but were also used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, agricultural and other industries. The output of various types of carbon black amounted to 24,400 tons in 1989 (63,000 tons had been projected), a number that steadily decreased until 1993, when the factory was shut down following lengthy negotiations. Black dust pollution affected a strip of land over 20 km in length and 5–6 km in width, although work was later done to clean this up.

## Environmental impact

By the early 1990s, Copșa Mică was among the most polluted towns in Eastern Europe. Over 60 years of unrestricted emissions led to lower air quality, surface water contamination, soil pollution, contaminated plant products and health risks to farm animals and human inhabitants. Until operations were suspended, Sometra remained the area's chief polluter, its emissions of sulfur dioxide and dust affecting all aspects of the environment. A March 1990 report in *The New York Times* describes the town: "For about 15 miles around, every growing thing in this once-gentle valley looks as if it has been dipped in ink. Trees and bushes are black; the grass is stained. The houses and streets look like the inside of a chimney. Even the sheep on the hillsides are a dingy gray." Horses could only live there for two years, and the only animal life in the immediate area were wildfowl, the meat of which was inedible from the toxins.

In 1977, 70 residents had excessive or dangerous lead levels, a figure that had risen to over 400 by 1990, when over half of Sometra employees had above-normal lead. One test of nearly 3000 residents showed over half had lead poisoning. From 1983 to 1993, some 2000 people were hospitalized due to lead-induced anemia or severe lung and stomach pains. Of local children aged two to fourteen, 96% had chronic bronchitis and respiratory problems. Studies of children seven to twelve years old from Copșa Mică and Mediaș found that many showed signs of mental retardation, two-thirds were underweight and 30% of boys and nearly half of girls had high blood pressure. Five babies were born with malformed hearts between 1977 and 1983, a number that rose to 16 in 1988 alone. In 1985, a local doctor wrote a detailed report that ended up in the hands of dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu, earning him a visit from the Securitate secret police and leading to construction of the tall chimney that spewed sulfuric emissions toward nearby villages. Residents were dependent on the factory for their livelihood, saw the pollution as part of reality and were reluctant to agitate for change.

### Effect on vegetation

Local authorities became aware of damage to vegetation caused by the factories by the early 1960s, a phenomenon that widened and intensified over time. In 1961, some 100 ha of trees, those in direct proximity to the sources of pollution, were afflicted. This figure had risen to 1650 ha by 1973 and nearly 8000 ha in 1978. Studies in 1988 and 1999 revealed that the entirety of the forests managed from Mediaș were polluted20,110 ha in the earlier study, or 17,247 ha in 1999, following the transfer of two parcels to Dumbrăveni. Starting in 1988, pollution was also observed in neighboring forest districts: Dumbrăveni (947 ha), Agnita (60 ha), Blaj (8,900 ha), so that over 30,000 ha were polluted, a number that remained constant in 1999. The intensity of damage also grew. In 1973, 120 ha of Mediaș forests fell into the category of most severe damage. This grew to 900 ha in 1978, nearly 2600 ha in 1988 and over 4500 ha in 1999. The Micăsasa and Târnava forests are the most polluted, the Șeica Mică and Boian ones less so, and those at Dârlos the least.

Natural regrowth of forests has been made more difficult in the least polluted areas, while in the severely to moderately polluted zones, it had stopped completely or was trending in that direction by 2008. Planting trees, even with additional costs such as fertilizer, has not always been successful either, due to soil contamination and elevated acidity. For instance, between 1994 and 1998, planting yielded a success rate of between 12 and 95%. Erosion, landslides and repeated fires have taken place, and trees' beneficial effects on climate, water and air quality have been seriously diminished or eliminated.

Replanting of intensely polluted soil started in 1988 and by 2008, 644 ha had been replanted, with the Black Locust proving especially well adapted, among other species. Upon privatization of Sometra in 1998, the government, in accordance with a 1995 law, stipulated that fourteen steps would have to be taken by 2002. These would lessen the plant's environmental impact by reducing gas and toxic dust emissions. One step was to plant 40-50 ha of trees on the banks of the Târnava Mare River; trees paid for by the company were planted on 35 ha between 2000 and 2003. With Sometra shuttered, the year 2010 marked the first since measurements were taken that air pollution did not exceed legal limits. Plants began to regrow in forests that were shrinking as late as 2001. Whereas moles and hedgehogs had disappeared and rabbits and deer had migrated to cleaner areas, rabbits, foxes, wild boars and deer later returned. Isolated honeybee colonies and other insect species also reappeared.

* (in Romanian) Sibiu Forest Agency, "Reconstrucția ecologică de la Copșa Mica" Archived 2014-03-15 at the Wayback Machine, at the Copșa Mica town hall site; accessed June 5, 2012
* Open Media Research Institute, *The Omri Annual Survey of Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union, 1996: Forging Ahead, Falling Behind'*. M.E. Sharpe, 1997, ISBN 1563249251
* N. Patrick Peritore, *Third World Environmentalism: Case Studies from the Global South*. University Press of Florida, 1999, ISBN 0813016886


title: SGK

abstract:
Serine/threonine-protein kinases SGK represent a kinase subfamily with orthologs found across animal clades and in yeast. In most vertebrates, including humans, there are three isoforms encoded by the genes SGK1, SGK2, and SGK3. The name Serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase refers to the first cloning of a SGK family member from a cDNA library screen for genes upregulated by the glucocorticoid dexamethasone in a rat mammary epithelial tumor cell line.
The first human family member was cloned in a screen of hepatocellular genes regulated in response to cellular hydration or swelling. The term SGK is also used as a synonym for SGK1.

text:
# SGK

**Serine/threonine-protein kinases SGK** represent a kinase subfamily with orthologs found across animal clades and in yeast (compare Treefam family TF320906). In most vertebrates, including humans, there are three isoforms encoded by the genes *SGK1*, *SGK2*, and *SGK3*. The name **S**erum/**g**lucocorticoid-regulated **k**inase refers to the first cloning of a SGK family member from a cDNA library screen for genes upregulated by the glucocorticoid dexamethasone in a rat mammary epithelial tumor cell line. The first human family member (human *SGK1*) was cloned in a screen of hepatocellular genes regulated in response to cellular hydration or swelling.

The term **SGK** is also used as a synonym for *SGK1*.

## Function

Among the three SGK genes, the SGK1 gene is the most intensively studied. This gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that is highly similar to the rat serum-and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase (SGK). This gene was identified in a screen of hepatocellular genes regulated in response to cellular hydration or swelling. Cellular hydration is a catabolic signal, stimulating glycogenolysis and proteolysis, and inhibiting protein and glycogen synthesis. This kinase has been shown to be important in activating certain potassium, sodium, and chloride channels. Expression of this gene in hepatocytes is stimulated by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), which participates in the pathophysiology of diabetic complications. Since both TGF-beta expression and SGK expression are elevated in diabetic nephropathy, an involvement of SGK in the development of this condition is suggested.

The SGK1 kinase regulates the myo-inositol transporter during osmotic stress.

Deregulated expression of SGK1 in the endometrium has been implicated in cases of infertility or recurrent miscarriage in humans, and SGK1 expression in the endometrium also affects fertility in mice.


title: Pierceland Central School

abstract: Pierceland Central School (PCS) is a pre-K to 12 school in Pierceland, Saskatchewan. PCS is one of twenty-four schools in the Northwest School Division. The division spans seventeen communities in north west Saskatchewan. The school mascot is the Panther. There are four house teams - Bobcats, Cheetahs, Lynx and Pumas.

text:
# Pierceland Central School

**Pierceland Central School (PCS)** is a pre-K to 12 school in Pierceland, Saskatchewan. PCS is one of twenty-four schools in the Northwest School Division. The division spans seventeen communities in north west Saskatchewan. The school mascot is the Panther. There are four house teams - Bobcats, Cheetahs, Lynx and Pumas.

## Demographics

**Students**

| Grades: | preK to Grade 12 |
| --- | --- |
| Student Population: | approx. 150 |
| Average Class Size: | 18 pupils |

**Staff**

| Teaching staff: | 17 |
| --- | --- |
| Support staff: | 6 |
| SCC: | 14 |

## Facilities

PCS houses 13 classrooms, a science lab, a full court gym, a large library, a shop with air and power tools, and a home economics room set up for sewing and cooking. There is a newly renovated 30-station computer lab with an additional 10 student computers in the library, and a single computer in every classroom all with internet access. Also in the high school end is a newly renovated conference room. In the elementary wing, there is a very well-equipped resource room as well as a band room.

## InfoBox

| Pierceland Central School | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Pierceland, Saskatchewan<br>Canada | |
| Coordinates | 54°20′22″N 109°47′00″W / 54.3394°N 109.7833°W / 54.3394; -109.7833 |
| Information | |
| Type | School |
| School district | Northwest School Division |
| Staff | 17 |
| Grades | Pre-K to 12 |
| Enrollment | 150 |
| Website | Pierceland Central School |


title: Eglykada

abstract: Eglykada is a neighbourhood in the eastern part of the city of Patras, 7 km by road from the city center. Eglykada is accessed with the Patras-Ekilistra Road which is 2 km long in the neighbourhood. Since 2002, it is linked with the Patras Bypass in which it was first constructed in the late-1990s and the interchange later on. Its interchange is circular with only one access from the entrance lane but it does not have any tolls and the intersection is by the entrance and the merging lanes. It is 200 m south of the road and 500 m from its nearest tunnel. The origin of the name is a corruption of the name Glykada and it is name since still today are made up of oranges, lemons, etc. The area was entirely rural until the 1960s. It had a sanatorium during the Medieval Times. A cypress tree in the area was burnt down by Turkish forces Turks during the Greek War of Independence of 1821.

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# Eglykada

**Eglykada** (Greek: Εγλυκάδα, meaning "sweetness") is a neighbourhood in the eastern part of the city of Patras, 7 km by road from the city center. Eglykada is accessed with the Patras-Ekilistra Road which is 2 km long in the neighbourhood. Since 2002, it is linked with the Patras Bypass in which it was first constructed in the late-1990s and the interchange later on. Its interchange is circular with only one access from the entrance lane but it does not have any tolls and the intersection is by the entrance and the merging lanes. It is 200 m south of the road and 500 m from its nearest tunnel.

The origin of the name is a corruption of the name Glykada and it is name since still today are made up of oranges, lemons, etc. The area was entirely rural until the 1960s. It had a sanatorium during the Medieval Times. A cypress tree in the area was burnt down by Turkish forces Turks during the Greek War of Independence of 1821.

## Nearest places

## Streets

## Geography

The hilly setting is filled with agricultural lands and surrounding houses. Sporadic forest cover and several hills lie to the east. The total area is approximately 2 km², its length is 1 km from north to south, and from east to west. The mountains dominate the northern part. The Panachaiko mountains lies to the east.

## People

* *The first version of the article is translated and is based from the article at the Greek Wikipedia (el:Main Page)*

38°14′N 21°46′E / 38.233°N 21.767°E / 38.233; 21.767