title: Saint James Parish, New Brunswick

abstract: Saint James is a geographic parish in Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada, located north of St. Stephen. For governance purposes, Little Ridge and areas to the south are part of the town of the Municipal District of St. Stephen, while the rest of the parish is part of the Southwest rural district, both of which are members of the Southwest New Brunswick Service Commission. Prior to the 2023 governance reform, it comprised one local service district (LSD) and part of a second, both of which were members of the Southwest New Brunswick Service Commission (SNBSC). The Census subdivision of the same name shares the parish's borders.

text:
# Saint James Parish, New Brunswick

**Saint James** is a geographic parish in Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada, located north of St. Stephen.

For governance purposes, Little Ridge and areas to the south are part of the town of the Municipal District of St. Stephen, while the rest of the parish is part of the Southwest rural district, both of which are members of the Southwest New Brunswick Service Commission.

Prior to the 2023 governance reform, it comprised one local service district (LSD) and part of a second, both of which were members of the Southwest New Brunswick Service Commission (SNBSC).

The Census subdivision of the same name shares the parish's borders.

## Origin of name

Historian William Francis Ganong believed the name suggested by other Saint names in the area.

Five of the original six mainland parishes of Charlotte County used names of major saints recognised by the Church of England: Andrew (Scotland), David (Wales), George (England), Patrick (Ireland), and Stephen, and Saint James was the first new mainland parish to be erected in the county.

## History

Saint James was erected in 1823 from Saint Stephen Parish and unassigned lands to the north of Saint Stephen and Saint David Parish; the northern line of Saint Stephen had run above Gleason Point, Oak Hill, and DeWolfe.

## Boundaries

Saint James Parish is bounded:

* on the north by the York County line;
* on the east by a line beginning about 4.7 kilometres east of the Digdeguash River, on the prolongation of the eastern line of the Cape Ann Association, which runs along the rear line of grants on the eastern side of Board Road, then running south to the Digdeguash River;
* on the southeast and south by a line running along the Cape Ann Association grant, westerly to a point about 1.2 kilometres west of the junction of Richardson Road and Route 755 and about 450 metres north of Scott Road, then in 1.5-kilometre steps southerly, westerly, southerly, and westerly to the Dennis Stream, then downstream through Moores Mills Lake to a point about 600 metres north of the kink in Murphy Road, on the prolongation of the southern line of two grants to James Maxwell, then westerly along the prolongation, the Maxwell grants, passing about 300 metres north of the junction of Route 745 and Route 3, and along the prolongation to a point about 3 kilometres past Route 740, on the corner of the tier of grants between Route 740 and Route 735, then southerly and southeasterly along the tier, crossing Route 735, to a point about 550 metres north of Kendricks Lake, on the southeastern line of a grant to John McCauly, then southwesterly along the McCauly grant and its prolongation to the St. Croix River;
* on the west by the St. Croix River.

## Former local service districts

Both LSDs assessed for only the basic LSD services of fire protection, police services, land use planning, emergency measures, and dog control.

### Saint James Parish

The local service district of **the parish of Saint James** originally comprised the entire parish.

The LSD was established in 1969 to assess for community services, in this case to provide ambulance service after local funeral homes ceased doing so. Fire protection was added in 1970.

The taxing authority was 520.00 Saint James.

### Western Charlotte

Western Charlotte comprised an area along the St. Croix River, running east from the mouth of Canoose Stream, then south along Green Brown Brook until it strikes the rear line of grants along the eastern side of the Basswood Ridge Road until it crosses Robinson Cross Road, southwesterly until it strikes the rear line of grants along Route 740, then southerly to the parish line, following the parish line to the western line of grants along Route 740, then running southerly along grant lines to St. Stephen, westerly along the St. Stephen limits to the western end of the town, then northwesterly along the rear line of grants west of Barter Settlement Road before turning southwesterly to strike the Mohannes Stream about midway between the two crossings of the Burnt Hill Road, upstream to about midway between the Chandler Road and the parish line, turning southwesterly to the rear line of grants along Route 725, then northwesterly to the parish line and southwest to the St. Croix.

The LSD was established in 1988 to add first aid and ambulance services.

The taxing authority was 528.00 Western Charlotte.

## Communities

Communities at least partly within the parish.

* Andersonville
* Baillie
* Barber Dam
* Basswood Ridge
* Beaconsfield
* Canoose
* DeWolfe
* Gleason Road
* Lawrence Station
* Lower Little Ridge
* Lynnfield
* Meredith Settlement
* Moores Mills
* Oak Hill
* Pomeroy Ridge
* Scotch Ridge
* Upper Little Ridge
* Watt Junction
* Weeks Road

## Bodies of water

Bodies of water at least partly within the parish.

* Digdeguash River
* St. Croix River
    + Grand Falls Flowage
    + Woodland Flowage
* Canoose Stream
    + Canoose Flowage
    + Upper Canoose Flowage
* Dennis Stream
* Mohannes Stream
* Loon Bay
* Black Water Lake
* Cranberry Lake
* King Brook Lake
* Middle Lake
* Moores Mills Lake
* Mud Lake
* Potters Lake

## Islands

Islands at least partly within the parish.

* Dog Islands
* Grassy Islands
* Gravel Island
* Green Island
* Horse Island
* King Brook Islands

## Other notable places

Parks, historic sites, and other noteworthy places at least partly within the parish.

* Andersonville Protected Natural Area
* Baillie Settlement Protected Natural Area
* Canoose Flowage Protected Natural Area
* Clark Point Protected Natural Area
* Cowlily Pond Brook Protected Natural Area
* Saint Croix Provincial Park
* St. Croix River Islands Protected Natural Area

## Demographics

### Population

Canada census – Saint James community profile

|  | 2021 | 2016 | 2011 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Population | 1,024 (-13.7% from 2016) | 1,186 (-4.4% from 2011) | 1,241 (-8.1% from 2006) |
| Land area | 552.90 km2 (213.48 sq mi) | 556.62 km2 (214.91 sq mi) | 556.00 km2 (214.67 sq mi) |
| Population density | 1.9/km2 (4.9/sq mi) | 2.1/km2 (5.4/sq mi) | 2.2/km2 (5.7/sq mi) |
| Median age | 52 (M: 52, F: 53.2) | 47.7 (M: 47.8, F: 47.5) | 44.5 (M: 42.2, F: 46.5) |
| Private dwellings | 450 (total) | 570 (total) | 590 (total) |
| Median household income |  | $45,184 | $51,753 |

References: 2021 2016 2011 earlier

Historical Census Data - Saint James Parish, New Brunswick
| Year Pop. ±%  1991  1,367       1996  1,398 +2.3% | Year Pop. ±%  2001  1,430 +2.3%  2006  1,350 −5.6% | Year Pop. ±%  2011  1,241 −8.1%  2016  1,186 −4.4% |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | | |

### Language

| Canada Census Mother Tongue - Saint James Parish, New Brunswick | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Census |  | Total |  | French | | |  | English | | |  | French & English | | |  | Other | | |
| Year |  | Responses |  | Count | Trend | Pop % |  | Count | Trend | Pop % |  | Count | Trend | Pop % |  | Count | Trend | Pop % |
| 2011 |  | 1,235 |  | 1,200 | 9.4% | 97.17% |  | 25 | 40.0% | 2.02% |  | 0 | 0.0% | 0.00% |  | 10 | n/a% | 0.81% |
| 2006 |  | 1,340 |  | 1,325 | 4.0% | 98.88% |  | 15 | 0.0% | 1.12% |  | 0 | 0.0% | 0.00% |  | 0 | 0.0% | 0.00% |
| 2001 |  | 1,395 |  | 1,380 | 0.0% | 98.92% |  | 15 | 33.3% | 1.08% |  | 0 | 0.0% | 0.00% |  | 0 | 0.0% | 0.00% |
| 1996 |  | 1,390 |  | 1,380 | n/a | 99.28% |  | 10 | n/a | 0.72% |  | 0 | n/a | 0.00% |  | 0 | n/a | 0.00% |

## Access Routes

Highways and numbered routes that run through the parish, including external routes that start or finish at the parish limits:

1. "Census Profile". *Statistics Canada*. 26 October 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
2. "Chapter T-3 Territorial Division Act". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
3. "Chapter I-13 Interpretation Act". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
4. The Territorial Division Act divides the province into 152 parishes, the cities of Saint John and Fredericton, and one town of Grand Falls. The Interpretation Act clarifies that parishes include any local government within their borders.
5. "Southwest Regional Service Commission: RSC 10". *Government of New Brunswick*. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
6. "Southwest Regional Service Commission: RD 10". *Government of New Brunswick*. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
7. "Regions Regulation – Regional Service Delivery Act". *Government of New Brunswick*. 21 July 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
8. "Communities in each of the 12 Regional Service Commissions (RSC) / Les communautés dans chacune des 12 Commissions de services régionaux (CSR)" (PDF), *Government of New Brunswick*, July 2017, retrieved 1 February 2021
9. Ganong, William F. (1896). *A Monograph of the Place-Nomenclature of the Province of New Brunswick*. Royal Society of Canada. p. 268. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
10. "4 Geo. IV c. 11 An Act for erecting a part of the Parish of Saint Stephen and the Country adjacent, in the County of Charlotte, into a separate and distinct Town or Parish.". *Acts of the General Assembly of His Majesty's Province of New-Brunswick, Passed in the Year 1823*. Fredericton: Government of New Brunswick. 1823. pp. 14–16. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
11. "No. 145". *Provincial Archives of New Brunswick*. Department of Natural Resources and Energy Development. Retrieved 4 July 2021. Remainder of parish on maps 153, 154, and 160 at same site.
12. "438" (PDF). *Transportation and Infrastructure*. Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 4 July 2021. Remainder of parish on mapbooks 439, 440, 453–455, 466–468, 477, 478, 487, and 488 at same site.
13. "2020 Local Government Statistics for New Brunswick" (PDF). Department of Environment and Local Government. p. 55. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
14. "Regulation 69–17 under the Municipalities Act (O. C. 69–161)". *The Royal Gazette*. **127**. Fredericton: 149. 12 March 1969.
15. "St. Stephen – Milltown Ambulance Brigade". *The New Brunswick Municipal Monthly*. **25** (3). Fredericton, NB: Department of Municipal Affairs: 5. March 1969.
16. "Regulation 70–63 under the Municipalities Act (O. C. 70–385)". *The Royal Gazette*. **128**. Fredericton: 343–344. 17 June 1970.
17. "New Brunswick Regulation 84-168 under the Municipalities Act (O.C. 84-582)". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
18. New Brunswick Regulation 88-228.
19. "Search the Canadian Geographical Names Database (CGNDB)". *Government of Canada*. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
20. "Explore New Brunswick's Protected Natural Areas". *GeoNB*. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
21. "New Brunswick Regulation 2017-46 under the Parks Act (O.C. 2017-293)" (PDF). *The Royal Gazette*. **175**. Fredericton: Queen's Printer: 1496–1497. 13 December 2017. ISSN 1714-9428. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
22. "2021 Community Profiles". *2021 Canadian census*. Statistics Canada. 4 February 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
23. "2016 Community Profiles". *2016 Canadian census*. Statistics Canada. 12 August 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
24. "2011 Community Profiles". *2011 Canadian census*. Statistics Canada. 21 March 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
25. "2006 Community Profiles". *2006 Canadian census*. Statistics Canada. 20 August 2019.
26. "2001 Community Profiles". *2001 Canadian census*. Statistics Canada. 18 July 2021.
27. Statistics Canada: 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011 census
28. "Census Profile, 2016 Census: Saint James, Parish \[Census subdivision\], New Brunswick". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
29. Atlantic Canada Back Road Atlas ISBN 978-1-55368-618-7 Pages 4, 12

45°22′54″N 67°20′44″W / 45.381572°N 67.345505°W / 45.381572; -67.345505 (Saint James Parish, New Brunswick)

## InfoBox

| Saint James St. James | |
| --- | --- |
| Parish | |
| Location within Charlotte County. | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | New Brunswick |
| County | Charlotte County |
| Erected | 1823 |
| Area | |
| Land | 552.90 km2 (213.48 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 1,024 |
| Density | 1.9/km2 (5/sq mi) |
| Change 2016-2021 | 13.7% |
| Dwellings | 499 |
| Time zone | UTC-4 (AST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-3 (ADT) |


title: Bryce Chudleigh Burt

abstract: Sir Bryce Chudleigh Burt was an administrator in India during the British Raj. He was awarded a knighthood on 1 January 1936, having previously been made a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire in 1930 and a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1919.

text:
# Bryce Chudleigh Burt

**Sir Bryce Chudleigh Burt** CIE, MBE, FRSA (29 April 1881 – 2 January 1943) was an administrator in India during the British Raj. He was awarded a knighthood on 1 January 1936, having previously been made a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire in 1930 and a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1919.

## Life and career

Bryce Chudleigh Burt was born on 29 April 1881 at Newark-on-Trent, England, and was educated at the Merchant Venturers' School, Bristol. Subsequently, he obtained a first class honours BSc (chemistry) from University College, London.

Beginning his career as an assistant lecturer at Liverpool University, Burt was assistant government chemist and lecturer in tropical agriculture in Trinidad between 1904 and 1908, before moving to India. Based in Cawnpore, he was deputy director of agriculture for Uttar Pradesh from 1908 to 1921, having previously spent time collecting and classifying types of Indian wheat. From 1935 he was vice-chairman of the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research (later known as the Indian Council of Agricultural Research), for which he had been agricultural expert between 1929 and 1935. Having served as secretary between 1921 and 1928, he became president of the Indian Central Cotton Committee, a representative of the Asiatic Society on the Council of the National Institute of Sciences of India, and President of the Indian Lac Cess Committee. In addition, between 1936 and 1938 he served as the first president of the Indian Central Jute Committee (ICJC) and was the first chairman of the Indian Coffee Cess Committee.

## Secretary of ICCC

During 1921, McKenna committee (a representative body of the British Cotton Growing Association), recommended the Indian Central Cotton Committee (ICCC) to appoint Sir Chudleigh Burt Bryce, as its first secretary. The government of India set up the Cotton Committee for improving the production and marketing of Indian cotton. Today, ICCC wields a beneficent influence throughout India. Incidentally, he would have been the first to acknowledge the efficiency with which Arthur James Turner, established the Technological Laboratory, and controlled the technical research laboratories, belonging to the committee. Sir Bryce served 7 years.

## Later life

Burt had an Armstrong Siddeley Saloon De Luxe car (either a 12 Plus or 14 HP model) shipped to India in April 1936 and he left that country in April 1939. He lived at Allison Road, Rhos-on-Sea, Wales, in his latter years and died on 1 January 1943 at Colwyn Bay. Since leaving India he had been director of animal feeding stuffs for the Ministry of Food.

## Awards

## InfoBox

| SirBryce Chudleigh BurtCIE, MBE | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 29 April 1881
Newark-on-Trent, England |
| Died | 2 January 1943(1943-01-02) (aged 61)
Colwyn Bay, Wales |
| Education | Merchant Venturers' School, Bristol
University College, London (BSc) |
| Awards |  |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields |  |
| Institutions | Secretary and President, of ICCC, Bombay
Representative of the Asiatic Society on the Council of the National Institute of Sciences of India
President of the Indian Lac Cess Committee
President of the ICJC |
|  | |


title: Saheb Al-Abdullah

abstract: Saheb Al-Abdullah [صاحب العبدالله in Arabic] is a Saudi football player. He currently plays for Al-Sawab as a midfielder.

text:
# Saheb Al-Abdullah

**Saheb Al-Abdullah** \[صاحب العبدالله in Arabic\] (born 21 June 1977) is a Saudi football player. He currently plays for Al-Sawab as a midfielder.

## Honours

### Al-Ahli (Jeddah)

## InfoBox

Saheb Al-Abdullah
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Saheb Al-Abdullah | | |
| Date of birth | (1977-06-21) June 21, 1977 | | |
| Place of birth | Almterfi, Saudi Arabia | | |
| Height | 1.76 m (5 ft 9 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1997–2004 | Al-Khaleej | 70 | (14) |
| 2004–2012 | Al-Ahli | 101 | (6) |
| 2012–2013 | Najran | 0 | (0) |
| 2013 | Al-Nahda |  |  |
| 2014 | Al-Adalah |  |  |
| 2014–2016 | Al-Jeel |  |  |
| 2016–2018 | Al-Sawab |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 2004–2009 | Saudi Arabia | 10 | (1) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Saint Louis, Seychelles

abstract: Saint Louis is an administrative district of Seychelles located on the island of Mahé. It is the smallest district of Seychelles with an area slightly more than a square kilometer.

text:
# Saint Louis, Seychelles

**Saint Louis** (French pronunciation: \[sɛ̃ lwi\]) is an administrative district of Seychelles located on the island of Mahé. It is the smallest district of Seychelles with an area slightly more than a square kilometer.

4°38′S 55°26′E / 4.633°S 55.433°E / -4.633; 55.433

## InfoBox

| Saint Louis | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
|  | |
| Location within Mahé Island, Seychelles | |
| Country | Seychelles |
| Government | |
| District Administrator | Rachel Joseph |
| Member of National Assembly | Hon. Satya Naidu (Linyon Demokratik Seselwa) |
| Population (2019 Estimate) | |
| Total | 3,241 |
| Time zone | Seychelles Time |
|  | |


title: Bruce W. Carter

abstract: Bruce Wayne Carter was a United States Marine who was killed in action during the Vietnam War. He posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his heroism. In August 1969, his unit was ambushed outside of Vandegrift Combat Base in Quang Tri Province. Carter had stopped the enemy's advance when a grenade landed between him and his fellow Marines – Carter threw himself on the grenade, sacrificing his life to save the lives of others.

text:
# Bruce W. Carter

**Bruce Wayne Carter** (May 7, 1950 – August 7, 1969) was a United States Marine who was killed in action during the Vietnam War. He posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his heroism.

In August 1969, his unit was ambushed outside of Vandegrift Combat Base in Quang Tri Province. Carter had stopped the enemy's advance when a grenade landed between him and his fellow Marines – Carter threw himself on the grenade, sacrificing his life to save the lives of others.

## Biography

Carter was born May 7, 1950, in Schenectady, New York. He received his early schooling at Queens Elementary School in Pasadena, Texas. From September 1959 until January 1960, he attended Gretna Park Elementary School in Gretna, Louisiana, and graduated from Mimosa Park Elementary School, Mimosa Park, Louisiana, in May 1962.

PFC Carter's education continued in Hialeah, Florida, where he attended Filer Junior High and Hialeah Junior High. He then attended Miami Springs Junior and High Schools (Florida), prior to entering West Jefferson High School in Harvey, Louisiana.

He left West Jefferson in June 1968 to enlist in the U.S. Marine Corps at Jacksonville, Florida, on August 12, 1968. Ordered to the Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island, South Carolina, he completed recruit training with the 3rd Recruit Training Battalion in October 1968, and individual combat training with the 1st Infantry Training Battalion at the Marine Corps Base, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, the following December. Promoted to private first class, January 1, 1969, he attended the Vietnamese Language Course at Monterey, California, until March.

Ordered to the Republic of Vietnam in April 1969, he served as a radio operator/radio man with Company H, 2nd Battalion, 3rd Marines, 3rd Marine Division.

On August 7, 1969, while participating in Operation Idaho Canyon north of Vandegrift Combat Base, Quang Tri Province, PFC Carter's unit was maneuvering against the enemy and came under a heavy fire from a numerically superior hostile force. The lead element soon became separated from the main body of the squad by a brush fire. Pfc. Carter and his fellow marines were pinned down by vicious crossfire when, with complete disregard for his safety, he stood in full view of the North Vietnamese Army soldiers to deliver a devastating volume of fire at their positions. The accuracy and aggressiveness of his attack caused several enemy casualties and forced the remainder of the soldiers to retreat from the immediate area. Shouting directions to the marines around him, Pfc. Carter then commenced leading them from the path of the rapidly approaching brush fire when he observed a hostile grenade land between him and his companions. Fully aware of the probable consequences of his action but determined to protect the men following him, he unhesitatingly threw himself over the grenade, absorbing the full effects of its detonation with his body.

## Decorations

His medals and decorations include: the Medal of Honor (posthumously), the Purple Heart, the Combat Action Ribbon, the National Defense Service Medal, the Vietnam Service Medal with one bronze star, and the Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal.

| Medal of Honor | Purple Heart | Combat Action Ribbon |
| --- | --- | --- |
| National Defense Service Medal | Vietnam Service Medal with 1 bronze star | Vietnam Campaign Medal |
|

## Medal of Honor citation

The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR posthumously to

**PRIVATE FIRST CLASS BRUCE W. CARTER**
UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS

for service as set forth in the following CITATION:

For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while serving as Grenadier with Company H, Second Battalion, Third Marines, Third Marine Division in connection with combat operations against the enemy in the Republic of Vietnam. On 7 August 1969, Private First Class Carter's unit was maneuvering against the enemy during Operation Idaho Canyon and came under a heavy volume of fire from a numerically superior hostile force. The lead element soon became separated from the main body of the squad by a brush fire. Private First Class Carter and his fellow Marines were pinned down by vicious crossfire when, with complete disregard for his own safety, he stood in full view of the North Vietnamese Army soldiers to deliver a devastating volume of fire at their positions. The accuracy and aggressiveness of his attack caused several enemy casualties and forced the remainder of the soldiers to retreat from the immediate area. Shouting directions to the Marines around him, Private First Class Carter then commenced leading them from the path of the rapidly approaching brush fire when he observed a hostile grenade land between him and his companions. Fully aware of the probable consequences of his action, but determined to protect the men following him, he unhesitatingly threw himself over the grenade, absorbing the full effects of its detonation with his own body. Private First Class Carter's indomitable courage, inspiring initiative, and selfless devotion to duty upheld the highest traditions of the Marine Corps and the United States Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life in the service of his country.

/S/ RICHARD M. NIXON

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Marine Corps.

## InfoBox

| Bruce Wayne Carter | |
| --- | --- |
| Bruce W. Carter, Medal of Honor recipient | |
| Born | (1950-05-07)May 7, 1950
Schenectady, New York, US |
| Died | August 7, 1969(1969-08-07) (aged 19)
near Vandegrift Combat Base, South Vietnam |
| Place of burial | Arlington National Cemetery |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/branch | United States Marine Corps |
| Years of service | 1968–1969 |
| Rank | Private First Class |
| Unit | Company H, 2nd Battalion, 3rd Marines, 3rd Marine Division |
| Battles/wars | **Vietnam War** |
| Awards | Medal of Honor (1969)
Purple Heart |


abstract:
Bryant Township was a township in Logan County, North Dakota, United States. The former township was merged into the West Logan Unorganized Territory. As of the 2000 census the township's population was 78, it covered an area containing 34.436 square miles (89.19 km⁲) of land and 0.014 square miles (0.036 km⁲) of water, and it was located at 46.496600°N 99.735648°W. Its elevation was 2,021 feet (616 m). The township was located in the western part of the county, surrounding the city of Napoleon, and it bordered the following other townships within Logan County:
  - Glendale Township — north
  - Dixon Unorganized Territory — east
  - Red Lake Township — southeast corner
  - Starkey Township (defunct) — south
  - Sealy Township — northwest corner

text:
# Bryant Township, Logan County, North Dakota

**Bryant Township** was a township in Logan County, North Dakota, United States. The former township was merged into the West Logan Unorganized Territory.

As of the 2000 census the township's population was 78, it covered an area containing 34.436 square miles (89.19 km2) of land and 0.014 square miles (0.036 km2) of water, and it was located at 46°29′48″N 99°44′08″W / 46.496600°N 99.735648°W / 46.496600; -99.735648. Its elevation was 2,021 feet (616 m).

The township was located in the western part of the county, surrounding the city of Napoleon, and it bordered the following other townships within Logan County:

46°31′00″N 99°42′31″W / 46.51667°N 99.70861°W / 46.51667; -99.70861


title: Bryan Hassel

abstract: Bryan C. Hassel is an expert on education issues, co-president of Public Impact a national education policy and management consulting firm based in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and co-founder of the national Opportunity Culture initiative with Emily Ayscue Hassel. Hassel received his doctorate in public policy from Harvard University and his masters in politics from Oxford University, which he attended as a Rhodes Scholar. He earned his B.A. at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, which he attended as a Morehead Scholar.

text:
# Bryan Hassel

**Bryan C. Hassel** is an expert on education issues, co-president of Public Impact a national education policy and management consulting firm based in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and co-founder of the national Opportunity Culture initiative with Emily Ayscue Hassel. Hassel received his doctorate in public policy from Harvard University and his masters in politics from Oxford University, which he attended as a Rhodes Scholar. He earned his B.A. at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, which he attended as a Morehead Scholar.

## Major work

Dr. Hassel co-leads strategy and national outreach for the Opportunity Culture initiative, which redesigns schools to reach more students with excellent teaching teams, boost student learning growth and pay educators more, funded within schools’ regular budgets. The initiative currently serves schools in 12 states and is releasing a low-cost school redesign portal with design tools, educator professional certificates in design, and school certification based on factors correlated with student learning growth over the last decade.

Opportunity Culture schools are primarily public district schools, with limited numbers of public charter schools participating.

In addition, Dr. Hassel has written extensively on charter school excellence and co-designed early national charter authorizing standards, encouraging growth of the best networks and reduction of ineffective schools.

He has written and spoken extensively on these topics, in addition to school finance, school turnarounds, education talent, and more.

### Books

* Hassel, Bryan C. *The Charter School Challenge: Avoiding the Pitfalls, Fulfilling the Promise.* Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1999.
* Peterson, Paul E., and Bryan C. Hassel. Learning from School Choice. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1998.
* Hassel, Bryan C., and Emily Ayscue Hassel. Picky Parent Guide : Choose Your Child's School with Confidence: The Elementary Years, (K-6). Ross, CA: Armchair Press, 2004.
* Hassel, Bryan C., and Emily Ayscue Hassel. Choose Your Child's School with Confidence: The Elementary Years, K-6. Picky parent guide. Ross, CA: Armchair Press, 2004.


title: Brunei Open (badminton)

abstract: The Brunei Open in badminton was an international tournament held in Brunei from 1992 to 1996 and in 1998.

text:
# Brunei Open (badminton)

The **Brunei Open** in badminton was an international tournament held in Brunei from 1992 to 1996 and in 1998.

## Past winners

| Season | Men's singles | Women's singles | Men's doubles | Women's doubles | Mixed doubles |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1992 | Fung Permadi | Meiluawati | Reony Mainaky
Aras Razak | Rosalina Riseu
Lilik Sudarwati | *no competition* |
| 1993 | Fung Permadi | Silvia Anggraeni | Pramote Teerawiwatana
Sakrapee Thongsari | Ika Heny Nursanti
Lilik Sudarwati | *no competition* |
| 1994 | Sun Jun | Zhang Ning | Cun Cun Haryono
Victo Wibowo | Zhang Jin
Peng Xingyong | *no competition* |
| 1995 | Rashid Sidek | Yao Jie | Cun Cun Haryono
Ade Lukas | Eny Oktaviani
Nonong Denis Zanati | *no competition* |
| 1996 | Dwi Aryanto | Wu Huimin | Cun Cun Haryono
Ade Lukas | Thitikan Duangsiri
Pornsawan Plungwech | Sandiarto
Vera Octavia |
| 1998 | Taufik Hidayat | Gong Ruina | Tony Gunawan
Halim Haryanto | Yang Wei
Huang Nanyan | Jens Eriksen
Marlene Thomsen |


title: Saint-Pé-de-Bigorre station

abstract: Saint-Pé-de-Bigorre is a railway station in Saint-Pé-de-Bigorre, Occitanie, France. The station is on the Toulouse–Bayonne railway line. The station is served by TER (local) services operated by the SNCF.

text:
# Saint-Pé-de-Bigorre station

**Saint-Pé-de-Bigorre** is a railway station in Saint-Pé-de-Bigorre, Occitanie, France. The station is on the Toulouse–Bayonne railway line. The station is served by TER (local) services operated by the SNCF.

## Train services

The station is served by regional trains towards Bordeaux, Bayonne, Pau and Tarbes.

| Preceding station | TER Nouvelle-Aquitaine | | | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Montaut-Bétharramtowards Bordeaux |  | 52 |  | Lourdestowards Tarbes |
| Montaut-Bétharramtowards Bayonne |  | 53 |  | |

43°06′05″N 0°09′42″W / 43.10139°N 0.16167°W / 43.10139; -0.16167


title: Saint-Père River

abstract: Saint-Père River is a tributary of the east bank of the Wetetnagami River flowing into Senneterre, in the RCM of La Vallée-de-l'Or Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Abitibi-Témiscamingue, in Quebec, in Canada. This river successively crosses the townships of Saint-Père and Moquin. The surface of the Saint-Père River is generally frozen from early December to late April. Forestry is the main economic activity of the sector; recreational tourism activities, second. The Saint-Père River valley is served by the forest road passing north of Wetetnagami Lake] and another on the South side passing through the Wetetnagami Lake Biodiversity Reserve.

text:
# Saint-Père River

**Saint-Père River** is a tributary of the east bank of the Wetetnagami River flowing into Senneterre, in the RCM of La Vallée-de-l'Or Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Abitibi-Témiscamingue, in Quebec, in Canada.

This river successively crosses the townships of Saint-Père and Moquin. The surface of the Saint-Père River is generally frozen from early December to late April. Forestry is the main economic activity of the sector; recreational tourism activities, second.

The Saint-Père River valley is served by the forest road (East-West direction) passing north of Wetetnagami Lake\] and another on the South side passing through the Wetetnagami Lake Biodiversity Reserve.

## Geography

The hydrographic slopes near the Saint-Père River are:

The Saint-Père River begins in Senneterre, at the mouth of Lake Saint-Père (length: 8.4 kilometres (5.2 mi); maximum width: 2.3 kilometres (1.4 mi); altitude: 401 metres (1,316 ft)).

The mouth of Lake Saint-Père is located in Senneterre at:

From the mouth of Saint-Père Lake, the Saint-Père River flows over 28.8 kilometres (17.9 mi) according to the following segments:

* 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) westerly, to the outlet of a lake (coming from the South);
* 11.0 kilometres (6.8 mi) northerly, forming a westerly curve to the southern boundary of the Township of Moquin;
* 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi) North in the canton of Moquin, until the discharge (coming from the East) of the “Lac de la Jonction”;
* 7.7 kilometres (4.8 mi) westerly to its confluence with Wetetnagami Lake.

The Saint-Père River flows to the bottom of a small bay on the eastern shore of Wetetnagami Lake which is crossed by the Wetetnagami River; the latter is discharged in the Nicobi Lake. The latter is the head lake of the Nicobi River. The latter flows north to discharge on the southeast bank of the Opawica River. The latter, in turn, goes up north to its confluence with the Chibougamau River; this confluence is the source of the Waswanipi River. The course flows westward through the northern portion of Lake Waswanipi, Goéland Lake (Waswanipi River) and Olga Lake (Waswanipi River), before pouring into the Matagami Lake which in turn flows into the Nottaway River, a tributary of Rupert Bay (James Bay).

The confluence of the Saint-Père River with the Wetetnagami Lake is located at:

## Toponymy

At various times in history, this territory has been occupied by the Attikameks, the Algonquin and the Cree.

The toponym "Rivière Saint-Père" was officialized on December 5, 1968, at the Commission de toponymie du Québec, when it was created.

## InfoBox

| Saint-Père | |
| --- | --- |
| Watershed of Nottaway River | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Quebec |
| Region | Abitibi-Témiscamingue |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Saint-Père Lake |
| location | Senneterre, Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Quebec |
| coordinates | 48°40′39″N 76°24′21″W / 48.67750°N 76.40583°W / 48.67750; -76.40583 |
| elevation | 401 m (1,316 ft) |
|  | |
| Mouth | Wetetnagami River |
| location | Senneterre, Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Quebec |
| coordinates | 48°49′14″N 76°07′44″W / 48.82056°N 76.12889°W / 48.82056; -76.12889 |
| elevation | 367 m (1,204 ft) |
| Length | 28.8 km (17.9 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | Discharge of Georges-Côté Lake |
| right | Discharge of Jonction Lake |


title: Bryn Hargreaves

abstract: Bryn Hargreaves was an English professional rugby league footballer. He started his professional career at Wigan Warriors in 2004. After a spell on loan at Leigh Centurions, he went on to play for St Helens and Bradford Bulls before announcing his early retirement from the sport in 2012.

text:
# Bryn Hargreaves

**Bryn Hargreaves** (14 November 1985 – 2022/2023) was an English professional rugby league footballer. He started his professional career at Wigan Warriors in 2004. After a spell on loan at Leigh Centurions, he went on to play for St Helens and Bradford Bulls before announcing his early retirement from the sport in 2012.

## Career

### Wigan Warriors

Hargreaves played prop in the Wigan Academy from 2002. He made his first team début from the subs' bench against Salford City Reds in July 2004 and his full début against Harlequins RL in August of that year. Hargreaves was given a two-year full-time contract with the Wigan Warriors in August 2004. Hargreaves capped the 2004 season by being awarded the Under-21s Billie Joe Edwards and Craig Johnson Memorial Player of the Year trophy.

Hargreaves was selected to play for Lancashire in the 2004 Academy Origin Series and in the England Under 18s squad that toured Australia in 2004, but was requested to stay at home to aid Wigan's injury crisis. He really impressed in the first team in 2005 when injuries to more experienced players provided an opportunity for the 20-year-old to establish himself within the first team squad. Hargreaves was notably the only prop not to concede a penalty under Ian Millward's tenure.

### Leigh Centurions (loan)

In July 2006, Hargreaves moved to Leigh for an initial month's loan so that Wigan could complete the signing of Stuart Fielden. Commenting on the loan, Wigan chairman Maurice Lindsay said, "Bryn is a fine player and I'm sure his time will come in the future. He is not in our first team at the moment although he did a fine job earlier in the year. We have allowed him to go to Leigh to get further experience and we wish him good luck."

Hargreaves stayed on loan until the season's close and did not return to Wigan, but instead was released from his contract with Wigan Warriors in 2006 as a part of Brian Noble's squad rebuilding for the 2007 season. At this time many clubs such as Leigh Centurions, Hull Kingston Rovers, Salford City Reds and Harlequins RL all expressed an interest in signing the promising young front rower.

### St Helens

In November 2006, St. Helens, the then Super League and Challenge Cup champions, signed the ex-Wigan prop Hargreaves on a two-year deal. On Hargreaves, coach Daniel Anderson stated: “Bryn will be our fifth specialist prop next year and we are confident that we can develop him physically and technically over the next couple of years. “He was possibly thrown in at the deep end at too young an age as a starting prop at Wigan Warriors, but we believe that he has genuine potential as a rotational squad member who can be patiently and methodically developed.”

As 2006 Super League champions, St Helens faced 2006 National Rugby League Premiers the Brisbane Broncos in the 2007 World Club Challenge. Hargreaves played from the interchange bench in Saints' 18–14 victory. He was then picked for the Wales World Cup Qualifier against Scotland for whom he qualified through his grandfather's nationality. Hargreaves scored his first tries for St Helens on 13 June 2008, where he scored a hat-trick. Hargreaves played in the 2008 Super League Grand Final defeat against Leeds. Following injuries to a number of Saints front-rowers in the 2008 season, Hargreaves established himself as a first-team regular alongside James Graham. In 2009, he was the first-choice starting prop alongside Graham, ahead of Jason Cayless and Maurie Fa'asavalu. Hargreaves played in the 2009 Super League Grand Final defeat against Leeds at Old Trafford.

### Bradford Bulls

On 3 September 2010, it was announced that Hargreaves had signed a two-year contract with the Bradford Bulls for the 2011 and 2012 seasons.

**2011**

Hargreaves appeared in two of the four pre-season games. He played against Halifax and the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats. Hargreaves featured in 15 consecutive games from Round 1 against Leeds to Round 15 Salford City Reds. An injury kept him out for a few games, but Hargreaves then played in nine consecutive games from Round 19 against Leeds to Round 27 against the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats. He also appeared in the Challenge Cup games against Halifax and Wigan.

**2012**

Hargreaves featured in 18 consecutive games from Round 1 Catalans Dragons to Round 18 against the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats. He was injured for Round 19, but played in Round 20 against the London Broncos to Round 27 Catalans Dragons. He also featured in the Challenge Cup against Doncaster and Warrington. Hargreaves announced his retirement in September 2012, "bitterly disappointed, angry and above all disillusioned by events off the field". Hargreaves said that he had been offered a new job that could sustain him for life, unlike a career in Rugby League, adding "We’re pieces of meat at the end of the day and we’re not treated with much respect in rugby league as it is."

| Season | Appearance | Tries | Goals | F/G | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2011 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2012 | 28 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| **Total** | *54* | *1* | *0* | *0* | **4** |
|

## Personal life

Hargreaves had a brother.

After retiring from rugby league, he emigrated to the United States, initially living in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania before moving to West Virginia.

### Disappearance and death

In January 2022, Hargreaves was reported missing in Cheat Lake, West Virginia, where he was last residing. On 20 March 2023, his family confirmed that his body had been found, 14 months after he was reported missing.

1. "The official Engage Super League web site". *web page*. Super League. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
2. "Rugby League Project". Archived from the original on 12 March 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2009.
3. "Player Summary: Bryn Hargreaves". *Rugby League Records*. Rugby League Record Keepers Club. Retrieved 7 October 2024.
4. "2008 Grand Final". BBC Sport. 4 October 2008. Retrieved 5 October 2008.
5. Linfoot, Ben (10 October 2009). "Grand Final: Leeds Rhinos 18 St Helens 10". *Sky Sports*. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
6. Fletcher, Paul (10 October 2009). "St Helens 10-18 Leeds Rhinos". *BBC Sport*. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
7. "Sinfield hails winning culture". *The Daily Mirror*. 11 October 2009. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
8. "Bradford Bulls – Hargreaves: Why I opted to take early retirement". 20 September 2012.
9. Paul Byrne, *Family's plea over missing star of rugby*. Daily Mirror, London, 22 January 2022, page 9.
10. "Family of Bryn Hargreaves flies to the USA in order to find the missing ex-Bradford Bulls and St Helens prop". *Serious About Rugby League*. 10 February 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
11. "West Virginia Sheriff's Office looking for man that has been missing for two weeks". 17 January 2022.
12. "Body of missing former St Helens, Wigan and Bradford prop Bryn Hargreaves found in USA as family confirm death". *Total Rugby League*. 20 March 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023.

## InfoBox

Bryn Hargreaves
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Bryn Jack Hargreaves |
| Born | (1985-11-14)14 November 1985
Wigan, Greater Manchester, England |
| Died | 2022/2023 (aged 36–37)
West Virginia, U.S. |
| Playing information | |
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) |
| Weight | 16 st 7 lb (105 kg) |
| Position | Prop |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  2004–06 Wigan Warriors 33 1 0 0 4  2006(loan) Leigh Centurions 10 1 0 0 4  2007–10 St Helens 115 8 0 0 32  2011–12 Bradford Bulls 54 1 0 0 4  Total 212 11 0 0 44 | |
| Source: | |


title: Sainte-Rose-de-Lima, French Guiana

abstract: Sainte-Rose-de-Lima is a village of Lokono Amerindians in the commune of Matoury in French Guiana. The village is located on the RN2 near Cayenne – Félix Eboué Airport. It is the largest settlement of Lokono in French Guiana.

text:
# Sainte-Rose-de-Lima, French Guiana

**Sainte-Rose-de-Lima** is a village of Lokono Amerindians in the commune of Matoury in French Guiana. The village is located on the RN2 near Cayenne – Félix Eboué Airport. It is the largest settlement of Lokono in French Guiana.

## History

In 1951, Lokono from Suriname started to migrate to French Guiana mainly for economic reasons. The main villages of origin were Alfonsdorp near the Maroni River, and Matta in the Para District. At first they settled in the existing Lokono village of Balaté near Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni. Later, some migrated to Iracoubo and Cayenne often settling among the Kalina people.

On 13 April 1969, a small plane carrying four people took off from Cayenne – Félix Eboué Airport in bad weather. It struck the tree tops, and crashed in the rainforest. There were no survivors. In order to prevent future accidents, the rainforest in front of the runaway was cleared. In 1971, the Lokono created a settlement in the cleared area. Originally it was called "CD5" after the road running along the village. The Catholic Church built a mission in the village. In 1980, the priest of Matoury, suggested renaming the village "Sainte-Rose-de-Lima" after Rose of Lima.

Sainte-Rose-de-Lima has received access to drinking water and electricity. The land is legally owned by the tribe, and the tribal government is recognized by French Guiana. However, the commune of Matoury refuses building permits citing safety and noise concerns. Other shanty towns, mainly populated by Surinamese Maroons and Brazilians, have been constructed adjacent to Sainte-Rose-de-Lima. In 2020, INSEE counted five shanty towns in the commune.

In 2008, the Federation of Lokono in French Guiana was established and is headquartered in Sainte-Rose-de-Lima. In 1993, the Lokono had been awarded four hectares of communal land (ZDUC). In 2017, the land was controversially sold to a mining company. In 2017, Sainte-Rose-de-Lima was host to the Grand Village, the meeting of all Amerindian tribal chiefs in French Guiana. In June 2020, the village self isolated during the COVID-19 pandemic.

* Balaté, the other Lokono village in French Guiana

1. Grenard 1981, p. 3.
2. "Coronavirus : Les villages amérindiens de Macouria et de Matoury s'isolent volontairement pour prévenir toute propagation du virus chez eux". *France TV Info* (in French). Retrieved 23 March 2021.
3. David Rodoreda. "St-Rose de Lima: une capitale pour les Arawak de Guyane". *Une Saison en Guyane* (in French). Retrieved 17 March 2021.
4. "Elections à Balaté : la position de la FOAG". *Blada* (in French). Retrieved 17 March 2021.
5. Grenard 1981, p. 11.
6. Grenard 1981, p. 12.
7. "Accident Piper PA-31-310 Navajo F-OBZS, 13 Apr 1969". *Aviation Safety*. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
8. "Communion et confirmation à Sainte Rose de Lima". *Catholique.fr* (in French). 18 December 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
9. Grenard 1981, p. 13.
10. "Concentration des difficultés dans les quartiers urbains périphériques et à Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni" (PDF). *Blada* (in French). December 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
11. "Fédération Lokono de Guyane". *Blada* (in French). Retrieved 17 March 2021.
12. "Les zones de droit d'usage des Amérindiens : comprendre les attributions du foncier pour mieux le gérer (1/2)". *France TV Info* (in French). Retrieved 17 March 2021.
13. "Les chefs coutumiers débattent du projet de la Montagne d'or". *France TV Info* (in French). Retrieved 17 March 2021.
14. "La Guyane demande le report des municipales face à la multiplication des cas de Covid-19". *Le Monde* (in French). Retrieved 17 March 2021.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Sainte-Rose-de-Lima | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Sainte-Rose-de-LimaLocation in French Guiana | |
| Coordinates: 4°49′59″N 52°20′10″W / 4.83305°N 52.33622°W / 4.83305; -52.33622 | |
| Country | France |
| Overseas region | French Guiana |
| Arrondissement | Cayenne |
| Commune | Matoury |
| Established | 1971 |
| Government | |
| Captain | Charles Wingaarde |
| Population | |
| Total | 500 |


title: John Thomson Gordon

abstract: John Thomson Gordon FRSE (1813-1865) was a Scottish advocate who served as Rector of Marischal College 1849-50 and Sheriff of Aberdeen 1847-48 and Edinburgh 1848–1852.

text:
# John Thomson Gordon

**John Thomson Gordon** FRSE (1813-1865) was a Scottish advocate who served as Rector of Marischal College 1849-50 and Sheriff of Aberdeen 1847-48 and Edinburgh 1848–1852.

## Life

He was born on 19 March 1813 at 14 Buccleuch Place in Edinburgh the son of Dr John Gordon. His mother was the sister of Andrew Rutherfurd, Lord Rutherfurd. The family moved to 19 Castle Street in the New Town when he was five.

He was educated at Edinburgh Academy then studied law at the University of Edinburgh. He became an advocate in 1835. He was Sheriff of Aberdeen in 1847-48.

In 1849 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposer was John Gordon of Cairnbulg.

From 1848 he became Sheriff of Edinburgh based at Midlothian Chambers in Edinburgh.

He died in Caen in northern France on 21 September 1865.

## Family

In 1837 he married Mary Wilson (d.1873), daughter of John Wilson. Her sister, Jane Emily Wilson, was married to William Edmondstoune Aytoun.


title: Elandsdoorn

abstract: Elandsdoorn is a town in Sekhukhune District Municipality in the Limpopo province of South Africa.

text:
# Elandsdoorn

**Elandsdoorn** is a town in Sekhukhune District Municipality in the Limpopo province of South Africa.

## InfoBox

| Elandsdoorn | |
| --- | --- |
| ElandsdoornElandsdoorn | |
| Coordinates: 25°17′17″S 29°11′46″E / 25.288°S 29.196°E / -25.288; 29.196 | |
| Country | South Africa |
| Province | Limpopo |
| District | Sekhukhune |
| Municipality | Elias Motsoaledi |
| Area | |
| Total | 9.02 km2 (3.48 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 12,941 |
| Density | 1,400/km2 (3,700/sq mi) |
| Racial makeup (2011) | |
| Black African | 99.1% |
| Coloured | 0.2% |
| Indian/Asian | 0.2% |
| White | 0.3% |
| Other | 0.3% |
| First languages (2011) | |
| Zulu | 45.3% |
| Northern Sotho | 22.1% |
| S. Ndebele | 14.0% |
| Sotho | 6.9% |
| Other | 11.7% |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (SAST) |


title: Erbessa primula

abstract: Erbessa primula is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by Paul Dognin in 1919. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.

text:
# Erbessa primula

***Erbessa primula*** is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by Paul Dognin in 1919. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.

* Miller, James S. (2009). "Generic revision of the Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 1: Dioptini". *Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History*. **321** (2): 1–676. hdl:2246/5978.

## InfoBox

| *Erbessa primula* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Notodontidae |
| Genus: | *Erbessa* |
| Species: | ***E. primula*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Erbessa primula***<br>(Dognin, 1919) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Myonia primula* Dognin, 1919 * *Myonia ederi* Prout, 1918 | |


title: Deep Community

abstract: Deep Community: Adventures in the Modern Folk Underground is a book by Boston Globe journalist Scott Alarik with photographs by Robert Corwin. It was published in 2003 by Black Wolf Press. The book is a compilation of over 120 articles by the author that appeared in either The Boston Globe or Sing Out! between 1992 and 2002. The compilation includes interviews and stories about many of the key figures in contemporary folk music in America and the United Kingdom. Some of the writing is focused on the folk music scene in the Boston, Massachusetts area. The book is 416 pages and contains 96 photographs of the featured musicians.

text:
# Deep Community

***Deep Community: Adventures in the Modern Folk Underground*** is a book by *Boston Globe* journalist Scott Alarik with photographs by Robert Corwin. It was published in 2003 by Black Wolf Press. The book is a compilation of over 120 articles by the author that appeared in either *The Boston Globe* or *Sing Out!* between 1992 and 2002. The compilation includes interviews and stories about many of the key figures in contemporary folk music in America and the United Kingdom. Some of the writing is focused on the folk music scene in the Boston, Massachusetts area. The book is 416 pages and contains 96 photographs of the featured musicians.

## Reviews

The book received a great deal of positive press in folk music circles. Like the music that it describes, however, it appears to have been largely ignored by the mainstream media.

### Quotes

Several of New England's best known exponents of folk music offered praise that was included on the book's dust jacket:

* "This is the best reflection I've ever seen of the world I travel, by the person best suited to document it. Scott Alarik takes thirty years of experience as a journalist and performer and shows us how folk and roots music has survived and thrived in the nooks and cranies of the music world Let's hope the corporate music machine never gets its hands on this book." Ellis Paul
* "Scott Alarik is one of the best writers in America. You'll enjoy this book." Pete Seeger
* "The finest folk writer in the country." Dar Williams

## Contents (incomplete)

1. "How is a modern folk star measured?" Garnet Rogers, Greg Brown, Nerissa & Katryna Nields, January 25, 2002.
2. "Why the pop music industry is ignoring folk music—and why that may be good news", Emmylou Harris, Gillian Welch, Joan Osborne, Emily Saliers of the Indigo Girls, Patty Larkin, John Schoenberger of "Radio & Records magazine", July 29, 2001.
3. "Dar Williams: Her battle cry of Kindness", Dar Williams, August 20, 2000.
4. "Young stars stick to their roots", Nickel Creek, Kate Rusby, the Waifs, April 26, 2002.
5. "No more awards!" Pete Seeger, April 26, 1996.
6. "The quintessential Boston Songwriter finds his roots in Woody Guthrie", Ellis Paul, December 4, 1998.
7. "King of the hip-hop blues", Chris Thomas King, November 16, 2001.
8. "Irish music gets younger and older at the same time", Sharon Shannon, Karan Casey, Niamh Parsons, March 16, 2001.
9. "Did they get it right when they called it Celtic music?" Johnny Cunningham, Christian Lemaitre, Kevin Burke, November 5, 1992.
10. "The community coffeehouse: Quiet heart of the folk circuit", Greg Greenway, the Shaw Brothers, A New Song Coffeehouse director Jerry Christen, November 11, 2001.
11. "Folk's family feud: traditionalists vs. songwriters", Eric Andersen, Christine Lavin, Eddie from Ohio's Robbie Schaefer, Tony Barrand, Steve Tilston, music manager David Tamulevich, June 27, 1999.
12. "The roots of klezmer revival", Hankys Netsky of the Klezmer Conservatory Band, October 10, 1999.
13. "Donal Lunny and the 'invention' of Celtic music", Donal Lunny, August 14, 1999.
14. "Bill Morrissey's 'Three R's': Writing, rural, and roots", Bill Morrissey, Autumn, 2001.
15. "Folk dancing stays on its feet", The Folk Arts Center of New England, April 4, 1999.
16. "Why Ireland's biggest recording star hasn't 'gone huge' in America", Mary Black, Karan Casey, & Seamus Egan of Solas, November 13, 1998.
17. "Altan keeps its promise", Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh, July 17, 1998.
18. "Folk music sprouts in the suburbs", Garnet Rogers, manager David Tamulevich, coffeehouse directors Michael Moran, Jim & Beth Sargent, September 28, 1997.
19. "Her 'mom music' made Lori McKenna a songwriting star", Lori McKenna, December 7, 2001.
20. "Singing the praises of family life", Kate Campbell, Maria Sangiolo, Deborah Silverstein, sociologist Alex Liazos, April 27, 2001.
21. "Appearing in a living room near you: Folk music & house concerts", Barbara Kessler, Susie Burke & David Surette, house concert producers Laurie Laba, Neal Ecksteine, Gary Martin, and Barry Kasindorf.
22. "The blues lights his fires", Guy Davis, January 12, 1996.
23. "Finding peace beneath the blues", Chris Smither, March 20, 1997.
24. "Joan Baez looks back at her brand-new career", Joan Baez, Dar Williams, August 3, 1997.
25. "Red House Records: the little label that could", Joan Baez, John Gorka, Suzzy Roche, Red House president Bob Feldman, August 3, 1997.
26. "Having a 'John Gorka career'", John Gorka, music manager David Tamulevich, February 5, 1999.
27. "The McGarrigle family business", Kate & Anna McGarrigle, January 29, 1999.
28. "Why didn't the music industry jump on the 'O Brother' bandwagon?" Emmylou Harris, directors Joel & Ethan Coen and Maggie Greenwald, producer Christopher Covert, record executive Kira Florita, "Billboard" editor Timothy White, June 24, 2001.
29. "Boston a bluegrass hotbead?" Lynn Morris, Matt Glaser, Everett Lilly, Bill Keith, International Bluegrass Music Association president Dan Hayes, February 23, 2001.
30. "Club Passim: 40 years of folk in Harvard Square", Patty Larkin, Ellis Paul, Jim Kweskin, Catie Curtis, Betsy Siggins Schmidt, January 15, 1999.

## Sources and notes

1. FAME review by Carey Driscoll for the *Folk and Acoustic Music Exchange*
2. folkweb review by John McLaughlin May 9, 2004
3. *New England Music Scrapbook* review by *Alan Lewis Alexander*


title: Optimistic decompression

abstract: Optimistic decompression is a digital forensics technique in which each byte of an input buffer is examined for the possibility of compressed data. If data is found that might be compressed, a decompression algorithm is invoked to perform a trial decompression. If the decompressor does not produce an error, the decompressed data is processed. The decompressor is thus called optimistically---that is, with the hope that it might be successful. Optimistic decompression is used as a tool to validate JPEGs that are produced by file carving. The approach can also be used for fragment reassembly carving by attempting to combine different combinations of fragments, looking for a combination that produces neither decompression errors nor visual discontinuities.

text:
# Optimistic decompression

**Optimistic decompression** is a digital forensics technique in which each byte of an input buffer is examined for the possibility of compressed data. If data is found that *might* be compressed, a decompression algorithm is invoked to perform a *trial decompression.* If the decompressor does not produce an error, the decompressed data is processed. The decompressor is thus called *optimistically*---that is, with the hope that it might be successful.

Optimistic decompression is used as a tool to validate JPEGs that are produced by file carving. The approach can also be used for fragment reassembly carving by attempting to combine different combinations of fragments, looking for a combination that produces neither decompression errors nor visual discontinuities.


title: Chuck Sieminski

abstract: Charles Lee Sieminski was an American football player who played for the San Francisco 49ers, the Detroit Lions and the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Penn State University. After his playing career was over, he served as a high school football coach and sports official in his native Northeastern Pennsylvania for many years.

text:
# Chuck Sieminski

**Charles Lee Sieminski** (July 3, 1940 – May 16, 2020) was an American football player who played for the San Francisco 49ers, the Detroit Lions and the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Penn State University. After his playing career was over, he served as a high school football coach and sports official in his native Northeastern Pennsylvania for many years.

## InfoBox

Chuck Sieminski
| No. 65, 77, 61 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Defensive tackle |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1939-07-03)July 3, 1939
Swoyersville, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died: | May 16, 2020(2020-05-16) (aged 79)
Upper Chichester, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) |
| Weight: | 250 lb (113 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Swoyersville |
| College: | Penn State |
| NFL draft: | 1962 / round: 4 / pick: 46 |
| AFL draft: | 1962 / round: 14 / pick: 110 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Elisabeth (Zach Bryan album)

abstract: Elisabeth is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Zach Bryan, released on May 8, 2020, through Belting Bronco. Bryan recorded the album himself using his laptop in a barn behind his house, and its release was preceded by the single "Heading South".

text:
# Elisabeth (Zach Bryan album)

***Elisabeth*** is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Zach Bryan, released on May 8, 2020, through Belting Bronco. Bryan recorded the album himself using his laptop in a barn behind his house, and its release was preceded by the single "Heading South".

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| Sputnikmusic | 4.5/5 |

Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic felt that the album "resembles *DeAnn* in many ways", primarily with its "sparse instrumentation: while Bryan has provided some slight rhythmic textures and colors on the margin, *Elisabeth* still feels like a solo affair, a record where he's been caught strumming away in his bedroom". Erlewine likened listening to the album is "like eavesdropping on your melancholy neighbor strumming out his soul in the wee hours of the morning". A staff reviewer from Sputnikmusic described Bryan as "the *less is more* axiom personified, and when it comes to authenticity, he's the real deal", also finding that the album is not "designed to captivate. It's foggy, lo-fi, and predominantly acoustic. There are times when you'll have to fight through the bedroom production to get at the heart of a song \[...\] but one worth waging for the few who have the patience to endure eighteen straight acoustic Americana ballads".

## Commercial performance

Upon release, the album charted on the Heatseekers Albums chart, charting widely in 2023 following the increase in Bryan's profile after his chart successes with his 2022 album *American Heartbreak* and its accompanying single "Something in the Orange".

## Song removal & artwork change

In 2022, Bryan removed the songs "Anita, Pt. 2" and "Elisabeth" from streaming services. In June 2024, the artwork was also updated on streaming services to remove the photograph and album name. The album was named after and the artwork featured Bryan’s then-wife Rose Elisabeth Madden, the couple divorced in 2021.

## Track listing

*Elisabeth* track listing
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Come as You Are" | 4:45 |
| 2. | "From a Lover's Point of View" | 3:04 |
| 3. | "Driving" | 3:23 |
| 4. | "Heading South" | 3:30 |
| 5. | "Cold Blooded" | 3:25 |
| 6. | "Mine" | 2:58 |
| 7. | "Leaving" | 3:27 |
| 8. | "Codeine Pills, Pt. 1" | 3:16 |
| 9. | "Anita, Pt. 2" | 3:43 |
| 10. | "Hopefully" | 3:57 |
| 11. | "Messed Up Kid" | 4:19 |
| 12. | "Loom" | 2:43 |
| 13. | "Me and Mine" | 3:09 |
| 14. | "Old Man" | 4:01 |
| 15. | "A Boy Like You" | 4:48 |
| 16. | "Elisabeth" | 3:19 |
| 17. | "Washington Lilacs" | 2:47 |
| 18. | "Revival" | 3:41 |
| Total length: | | 64:15 |

## Charts

## Certifications

Certifications for *Elisabeth*
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 40,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| Elisabeth | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Zach Bryan | |
| Released | May 8, 2020 (2020-05-08) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 64:15 |
| Label | Belting Bronco |
| Producer | Leo Alba |
| Zach Bryan chronology | |
| *DeAnn*
(2019) ***Elisabeth***
(2020) *Quiet, Heavy Dreams*
(2020) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Elisabeth* | |
| 1. "Heading South"
Released: September 30, 2019 | |
| Alternate cover | |
|  | |
| Bryan updated the artwork on streaming platforms in June 2024 | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Polycarena

abstract:
Polycarena is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae. Its native range is Namibia and South African Republic. Species:
  - Polycarena aemulans Hilliard
  - Polycarena aurea Benth.

text:
# Polycarena

***Polycarena*** is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae.

Its native range is Namibia and South African Republic.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Polycarena* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Polycarena aurea | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Scrophulariaceae |
| Genus: | *Polycarena*<br>Benth. |
|


title: Ponitz Career Technology Center

abstract: David H. Ponitz Career Technology Center is a technical school located in downtown Dayton, Ohio. Ponitz enrolls 800 students in grades 9-12 annually. Ponitz is also part of the Dayton Public School District.

text:
# Ponitz Career Technology Center

**David H. Ponitz Career Technology Center** is a technical school located in downtown Dayton, Ohio. Ponitz enrolls 800 students in grades 9-12 annually. Ponitz is also part of the Dayton Public School District.

## School information

Ponitz Career Technology Center was built in 2009 and serves as the city of Dayton's second career center. Ponitz offers career-technical certificates in:

* Arts and Communication including Radio/TV, Sports Marketing, Graphic Design, and Multimedia
* Business and Information Technology including Management, Finance, Networking, Programming, and Cosmetology
* Health and Education including Dental Assisting, Allied Health, Biotechnology, Public Safety, and STEM Academy
* Industrial and Engineering Systems including Construction, Engineering, and Automotive

Ponitz is also in a strong partnership with Sinclair Community College. Upon completion of their career community programs students are eligible for a $3000 scholarship to use for tuition, books and fees at Sinclair Community College. As well as college credits that were earned while in high school. Because Ponitz is a Career Center and not a typical high school, there can be a different experience than that associated with high schools. But with sports, and music the high school experience is still available.

The district-owned FM radio station WDPS broadcasts from studios at Ponitz Career Technology Center.

## InfoBox

| David H. Ponitz Career Technology Center | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 741 Washington Street
Dayton, Ohio 45402
United States | |
| Coordinates | 39°44′59″N 84°12′08″W / 39.749681°N 84.202287°W / 39.749681; -84.202287 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public Secondary |
| Established | 2009 |
| Founder | David H. Ponitz |
| Principal | Melinda Clark |
| Staff | 58.00 (FTE) |
| Grades | 9-12 |
| Number of students | 763 (2017–18) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 13.16 |
| Color(s) | Blue and Gold |
| Athletics conference | Dayton City League |
| Website | www.ponitzctc.org |


title: Ponięcice

abstract: Ponięcice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rudnik, within Racibórz County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Rudnik, 12 km (7 mi) north-west of Racibórz, and 61 km (38 mi) west of the regional capital Katowice.

text:
# Ponięcice

**Ponięcice** \[pɔɲɛnˈt͡ɕit͡sɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rudnik, within Racibórz County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Rudnik, 12 km (7 mi) north-west of Racibórz, and 61 km (38 mi) west of the regional capital Katowice.

## InfoBox

| Ponięcice | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Houses | |
| Ponięcice | |
| Coordinates: 50°10′33″N 18°9′42″E / 50.17583°N 18.16167°E / 50.17583; 18.16167 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Silesian |
| County | Racibórz |
| Gmina | Rudnik |
| Population | 270 |


title: EMCO MoveOnBoot

abstract: EMCO MoveOnBoot is a freeware utility for managing locked file system resources on the Windows platform. The utility allows moving, renaming or deleting selected locked files or folders during the next Windows reboot.

text:
# EMCO MoveOnBoot

**EMCO MoveOnBoot** is a freeware utility for managing locked file system resources on the Windows platform. The utility allows moving, renaming or deleting selected locked files or folders during the next Windows reboot.

## Functionality

EMCO MoveOnBoot is a GUI tool that allows scheduling file and folder management tasks to be performed automatically by Windows at the next reboot. It can be used to manage resources locked by the system or running applications. During a reboot, the locked files and folders are unreferenced, and the pending move, rename and delete operations can be completed by Windows.

EMCO MoveOnBoot allows selecting one or multiple file system resources and scheduling move, rename or delete operations to be performed with these resources on the next reboot. It is possible to schedule multiple actions, as well as review and cancel the already scheduled actions.

## Limitations

EMCO MoveOnBoot uses the standard Windows mechanism for delaying file operations until reboot based on the WinAPI MoveFileEx functionality. This mechanism has a few limitations: it isn't possible to manage resources located on external disks and administrative permissions are required to use EMCO MoveOnBoot.

## Alternatives

Windows Sysinternals distributes command-line utilities for managing files that are in use. The MoveFile utility allows scheduling file move or deletion on the next computer reboot. The PendMoves utility displays the moves and deletions that have been scheduled.

## InfoBox

EMCO MoveOnBoot
| Developer(s) | EMCO Software |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Stable release | 2.3.3 (April 17, 2013 (2013-04-17)) \[±\] |
|  | |
| Operating system | Windows XP and later |
| Platform | .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 and above |
| Size | 33.4 MB |
| Available in | English |
| Type | Utility software |
| License | Freeware |
| Website | emcosoftware.com/move-on-boot |


title: Ponkotsu-chan Kenshōchū

abstract: Ponkotsu-chan Kenshōchū Ponkotsu-chan Kenshōchū is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Tsubasa Fukuchi. It was serialized in Shogakukan's Weekly Shōnen Sunday from April 2019 to July 2021.

text:
# Ponkotsu-chan Kenshōchū

***Ponkotsu-chan Kenshōchū*** (ポンコツちゃん検証中, "Miss Clumsy Currently Under Inspection") is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Tsubasa Fukuchi. It was serialized in Shogakukan's *Weekly Shōnen Sunday* from April 2019 to July 2021.

## Publication

*Ponkotsu-chan Kenshōchū*, written and illustrated by Tsubasa Fukuchi, was serialized in Shogakukan's *Weekly Shōnen Sunday* from April 24, 2019, to July 21, 2021. Shogakukan collected its chapters into ten *tankōbon* volumes, released from September 18, 2019, to August 18, 2021.

### Volume list

| No. | Japanese release date | Japanese ISBN |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | September 18, 2019 | 978-4-09-129327-5 |
| 2 | November 18, 2019 | 978-4-09-129439-5 |
| 3 | January 17, 2020 | 978-4-09-129548-4 |
| 4 | April 16, 2020 | 978-4-09-850067-3 |
| 5 | July 17, 2020 | 978-4-09-850165-6 |
| 6 | October 16, 2020 | 978-4-09-850272-1 |
| 7 | January 18, 2021 | 978-4-09-850383-4 |
| 8 | April 16, 2021 | 978-4-09-850517-3 |
| 9 | July 16, 2021 | 978-4-09-850630-9 |
| 10 | August 18, 2021 | 978-4-09-850688-0 |

## Reception

In 2020, the manga was one of the 50 nominees for the sixth Next Manga Awards.

## InfoBox

| Ponkotsu-chan Kenshōchū | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover of the first volume | |
| ポンコツちゃん検証中 | |
| Genre | Romantic comedy |
| Manga | |
| Written by | Tsubasa Fukuchi |
| Published by | Shogakukan |
| Imprint | Shōnen Sunday Comics |
| Magazine | *Weekly Shōnen Sunday* |
| Demographic | *Shōnen* |
| Original run | April 24, 2019July 21, 2021 |
| Volumes | 10 |


title: Pops, We Love You

abstract: Pops, We Love You is a 1979 compilation album by various artists at Motown Records, including Marvin Gaye, Diana Ross, Stevie Wonder, Smokey Robinson, Jermaine Jackson, the Commodores, and Táta Vega. It was released on April 26, 1979.

text:
# Pops, We Love You

***Pops, We Love You*** is a 1979 compilation album by various artists at Motown Records, including Marvin Gaye, Diana Ross, Stevie Wonder, Smokey Robinson, Jermaine Jackson, the Commodores, and Táta Vega. It was released on April 26, 1979.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Artist | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Pops, We Love You (Disco)" | Diana Ross, Marvin Gaye, Smokey Robinson & Stevie Wonder | 5:48 |
| 2. | "God Is Love" | Marvin Gaye | 3:14 |
| 3. | "I'll Keep My Light In My Window" | Diana Ross & Marvin Gaye | 4:27 |
| 4. | "Mother's Son" | Smokey Robinson | 5:15 |
| 5. | "This Is Your Life" | Commodores | 3:12 |
| 6. | "You'll Never Rock Alone" | Jermaine Jackson & Táta Vega | 3:38 |
| 7. | "Pops, We Love You" | Diana Ross, Marvin Gaye, Smokey Robinson & Stevie Wonder | 3:30 |
| 8. | "Come In Heaven (Earth Is Calling)" | Tata Vega | 3:39 |
| 9. | "Reach Out and Touch (Somebody's Hand)" | Diana Ross | 3:00 |

## InfoBox

| Pops, We Love You | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by various artists | |
| Released | April 26, 1979 |
| Length | 35:02 |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Pops, We Love You* | |
| 1. "Pops, We Love You (A Tribute to Father)"<br>Released: December 8, 1978 | |
|  | |


title: Earth, Wind & Fire Horns

abstract: The Earth, Wind & Fire Horns is the main horn section for the band Earth, Wind & Fire. The horn section has also played alongside artists such as Whitney Houston, P Diddy, Queen Latifah and Kelly Clarkson. The horn section should not be confused with the EWF Horns which were the first main horn section from 1975 to 1983, later known as the Phenix Horns.

text:
# Earth, Wind & Fire Horns

The **Earth, Wind & Fire Horns** is the main horn section for the band Earth, Wind & Fire. The horn section has also played alongside artists such as Whitney Houston, P Diddy, Queen Latifah and Kelly Clarkson. The horn section should not be confused with the EWF Horns which were the first main horn section from 1975 to 1983, later known as the Phenix Horns.

## History

The Earth, Wind & Fire Horns were established in 1987 by Maurice White as Earth, Wind & Fire's new horn section. Composed of tenor saxophonist Gary Bias, Reggie Young on trombone and trumpeter Raymond Lee Brown the horn section at first featured on Earth, Wind & Fire's 1990 studio album *Heritage*.

During 2004 Raymond Lee Brown left the Earth, Wind & Fire Horns to be replaced by Bobby Burns Jr.

## Solo works

The Earth, Wind & Fire Horns' trio performed on Whitney Houston's 1990 album *I'm Your Baby Tonight*. They went on to play on MC Hammer's 1991 *Too Legit to Quit*. The horn section also performed on jazz guitarist Norman Brown's 1992 album *Just Between Us*, saxophonist Kirk Whalum's 1993 album *Caché'*, and Salif Keita's 1993 *Amen*. The Earth, Wind & Fire horns then performed upon jazz guitarist Norman Brown's 1994 album *After The Storm*, and his 1996 album *Better Days Ahead*. Additionally horn section members Brown and Young played on Quincy Jones's 1995 *Q's Jook Joint* and Babyface's 1996 album *The Day*. On March 6, 1997 the Earth, Wind & Fire horns played at Ghana's 40th anniversary of independence gala held in its capital city of Accra alongside artistes such as Miriam Makeba and Joseph Hill of Culture.

The Earth, Wind & Fire Horns later featured on British girl group Cleopatra's 1998 album *Comin' Atcha!*, Puff Daddy's 1999 album *Forever* and Lionel Richie's 2000 album *Renaissance*. They also played on guitarist Paul Jackson Jr. 2003 album *Still Small Voice* and Queen Latifah's 2004 *The Dana Owens Album*. Additionally, horn section members Bias and Young featured on Anita Baker's 2004 album *My Everything* and Queen Latifah's 2007 album *Trav'lin' Light*. The Earth, Wind & Fire horns also played on Kelly Clarkson's 2017 album *Meaning of Life*.

## InfoBox

| Earth, Wind & Fire Horns | |
| --- | --- |
| Genres | Funk, jazz, pop, soul, R&B |
| Years active | 1987–present |
| Labels | Columbia, Warner Bros., Kalimba, Sanctuary |
|  | |
| Members |  |
|  | |
| Past members | Raymond Lee Brown |