abstract: This is a list of electoral results for the Division of Rankin in Australian federal elections from the division's creation in 1984 until the present.

text:
# Electoral results for the Division of Rankin

This is a list of **electoral results for the Division of Rankin** in Australian federal elections from the division's creation in 1984 until the present.

## Members

| Member | | Party | Term |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | David Beddall | Labor | 1984–1998 |
|  | Craig Emerson | Labor | 1998–2013 |
|  | Jim Chalmers | Labor | 2013–present |

## Election results

### Elections in the 2020s

#### 2022

2022 Australian federal election: Rankin
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Jim Chalmers | 38,596 | 43.95 | +2.52 |
|  | Liberal National | Paul Darwen | 25,478 | 29.01 | −2.34 |
|  | Greens | Neil Cotter | 9,394 | 10.70 | +1.62 |
|  | One Nation | Glen Cookson | 7,006 | 7.98 | −0.58 |
|  | United Australia | Jeff Crank | 5,064 | 5.77 | +2.08 |
|  | Animal Justice | Suzanne Clarke | 2,284 | 2.60 | +2.60 |
| Total formal votes | | | 87,822 | 96.11 | +3.84 |
| Informal votes | | | 3,553 | 3.89 | −3.84 |
| Turnout | | | 91,375 | 84.56 | −4.26 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Jim Chalmers | 51,892 | 59.09 | +2.65 |
|  | Liberal National | Paul Darwen | 35,930 | 40.91 | −2.65 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +2.65 |  |

### Elections in the 2010s

#### 2019

2019 Australian federal election: Rankin
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Jim Chalmers | 35,156 | 41.43 | −7.91 |
|  | Liberal National | Clinton Pattison | 26,608 | 31.35 | +2.72 |
|  | Greens | Neil Cotter | 7,709 | 9.08 | +2.79 |
|  | One Nation | Jesse Schneider | 7,261 | 8.56 | +8.56 |
|  | United Australia | Shyamal Reddy | 3,134 | 3.69 | +3.69 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Ric Davies | 2,379 | 2.80 | −1.31 |
|  | Conservative National | Peter Andrews | 1,593 | 1.88 | +1.88 |
|  | Non Affiliated | Yusuf Mohammad | 1,024 | 1.21 | +1.21 |
| Total formal votes | | | 84,864 | 92.27 | −1.97 |
| Informal votes | | | 7,111 | 7.73 | +1.97 |
| Turnout | | | 91,975 | 88.82 | −0.24 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Jim Chalmers | 47,893 | 56.44 | −4.86 |
|  | Liberal National | Clinton Pattison | 36,971 | 43.56 | +4.86 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | −4.86 |  |

#### 2016

2016 Australian federal election: Rankin
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Jim Chalmers | 42,147 | 49.34 | +7.16 |
|  | Liberal National | Freya Ostapovitch | 24,455 | 28.63 | −7.74 |
|  | Greens | Neil Cotter | 5,373 | 6.29 | +1.00 |
|  | Family First | Christopher Lawrie | 5,011 | 5.87 | +2.85 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Ric Davies | 3,513 | 4.11 | +4.11 |
|  | Katter's Australian | Shane Holley | 2,874 | 3.36 | +1.32 |
|  | Consumer Rights | Jeffrey Hodges | 2,050 | 2.40 | +2.40 |
| Total formal votes | | | 85,423 | 94.24 | +0.80 |
| Informal votes | | | 5,225 | 5.76 | −0.80 |
| Turnout | | | 90,648 | 89.13 | −3.13 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Jim Chalmers | 52,362 | 61.30 | +6.52 |
|  | Liberal National | Freya Ostapovitch | 33,061 | 38.70 | −6.52 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +6.52 |  |

#### 2013

2013 Australian federal election: Rankin
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Jim Chalmers | 35,098 | 42.18 | −2.97 |
|  | Liberal National | David Lin | 30,260 | 36.37 | −0.73 |
|  | Palmer United | William Rogan | 9,228 | 11.09 | +11.09 |
|  | Greens | Neil Cotter | 4,405 | 5.29 | −5.91 |
|  | Family First | Chris Lawrie | 2,514 | 3.02 | −3.52 |
|  | Katter's Australian | Chris Claydon | 1,697 | 2.04 | +2.04 |
| Total formal votes | | | 83,202 | 93.44 | +0.93 |
| Informal votes | | | 5,840 | 6.56 | −0.93 |
| Turnout | | | 89,042 | 92.27 | +0.93 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Jim Chalmers | 45,580 | 54.78 | −0.63 |
|  | Liberal National | David Lin | 37,622 | 45.22 | +0.63 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | −0.63 |  |

#### 2010

2010 Australian federal election: Rankin
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Craig Emerson | 36,090 | 45.15 | -10.98 |
|  | Liberal National | Luke Smith | 29,652 | 37.10 | +2.63 |
|  | Greens | Neil Cotter | 8,956 | 11.20 | +6.61 |
|  | Family First | Alexandra Todd | 5,231 | 6.54 | +3.44 |
| Total formal votes | | | 79,929 | 92.51 | −3.06 |
| Informal votes | | | 6,475 | 7.49 | +3.06 |
| Turnout | | | 86,404 | 91.33 | −2.38 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Craig Emerson | 44,289 | 55.41 | -6.26 |
|  | Liberal National | Luke Smith | 35,640 | 44.59 | +6.26 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | -6.26 |  |

### Elections in the 2000s

#### 2007

2007 Australian federal election: Rankin
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Craig Emerson | 44,858 | 56.01 | +12.22 |
|  | Liberal | Peter Coulson | 27,299 | 34.09 | -3.01 |
|  | Greens | Neil Cotter | 3,773 | 4.71 | +1.50 |
|  | Family First | Bert van Manen | 2,827 | 3.53 | -1.59 |
|  | Democrats | Salam El-Merebi | 590 | 0.74 | -0.11 |
|  | Liberty & Democracy | Liam Tjia | 463 | 0.58 | +0.58 |
|  | Citizens Electoral Council | Robert Meyers | 273 | 0.34 | +0.13 |
| Total formal votes | | | 80,083 | 95.51 | +2.68 |
| Informal votes | | | 3,764 | 4.49 | −2.68 |
| Turnout | | | 83,847 | 93.53 | −0.56 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Craig Emerson | 49,440 | 61.74 | +8.76 |
|  | Liberal | Peter Coulson | 30,643 | 38.26 | -8.76 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +8.76 |  |

#### 2004

2004 Australian federal election: Rankin
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Craig Emerson | 34,471 | 43.92 | -1.04 |
|  | Liberal | Wendy Creighton | 28,819 | 36.72 | -4.05 |
|  | Independent | Darren Power | 5,134 | 6.54 | +6.54 |
|  | Family First | Ross Wilson | 4,036 | 5.14 | +5.14 |
|  | Greens | Julian Hinton | 2,422 | 3.09 | +0.34 |
|  | One Nation | Margaret Hands | 1,601 | 2.04 | -4.57 |
|  | National | Mike Boyd | 1,187 | 1.51 | +1.51 |
|  | Democrats | Catherine Sporle | 653 | 0.83 | -3.97 |
|  | Citizens Electoral Council | Robert Meyers | 158 | 0.20 | +0.20 |
| Total formal votes | | | 78,481 | 92.81 | −0.82 |
| Informal votes | | | 6,078 | 7.19 | +0.82 |
| Turnout | | | 84,559 | 92.89 | −1.06 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Craig Emerson | 41,774 | 53.23 | +0.81 |
|  | Liberal | Wendy Creighton | 36,707 | 46.77 | -0.81 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +0.81 |  |

#### 2001

2001 Australian federal election: Rankin
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Craig Emerson | 36,875 | 49.45 | +1.97 |
|  | Liberal | Paul Wood | 27,524 | 36.91 | +7.00 |
|  | One Nation | Mark Mackenzie | 4,724 | 6.33 | -6.28 |
|  | Democrats | Darryl Dobson | 3,572 | 4.79 | +0.57 |
|  | Greens | Daniel Lloyd | 1,875 | 2.51 | +0.30 |
| Total formal votes | | | 74,570 | 93.40 | −2.15 |
| Informal votes | | | 5,269 | 6.60 | +2.15 |
| Turnout | | | 79,839 | 94.18 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Craig Emerson | 42,267 | 56.68 | -2.01 |
|  | Liberal | Paul Wood | 32,303 | 43.32 | +2.01 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | -2.01 |  |

### Elections in the 1990s

#### 1998

1998 Australian federal election: Rankin
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Craig Emerson | 32,924 | 47.48 | +4.91 |
|  | Liberal | Cuong Bui | 20,736 | 29.91 | -12.67 |
|  | One Nation | Ron Frood | 8,749 | 12.62 | +12.62 |
|  | Democrats | Robert Hernandez | 2,923 | 4.22 | -4.37 |
|  | Christian Democrats | Ann Hage | 1,556 | 2.24 | +2.24 |
|  | Greens | Sara van Tinteren | 1,536 | 2.22 | -0.74 |
|  | Independent | Brian Norton | 456 | 0.66 | +0.66 |
|  | Independent | Lorraine Barnes | 456 | 0.66 | +0.66 |
| Total formal votes | | | 69,336 | 95.55 | −1.27 |
| Informal votes | | | 3,228 | 4.45 | +1.27 |
| Turnout | | | 72,564 | 93.07 | −0.44 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Craig Emerson | 40,691 | 58.69 | +9.07 |
|  | Liberal | Cuong Bui | 28,645 | 41.31 | -9.07 |
|  | Labor **gain** from Liberal | | **Swing** | +9.07 |  |

#### 1996

1996 Australian federal election: Rankin
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | David Beddall | 31,869 | 45.00 | -9.93 |
|  | Liberal | Amanda Scott | 29,046 | 41.02 | +10.39 |
|  | Democrats | Alan Dickson | 6,050 | 8.54 | +3.52 |
|  | Greens | Richard Nielsen | 1,977 | 2.79 | +0.07 |
|  | Indigenous Peoples | Rosemary Bell | 976 | 1.38 | +1.38 |
|  | Independent | Xuan Thu Nguyen | 899 | 1.27 | +1.27 |
| Total formal votes | | | 70,817 | 96.61 | −0.52 |
| Informal votes | | | 2,488 | 3.39 | +0.52 |
| Turnout | | | 73,305 | 93.51 | −1.65 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | David Beddall | 36,278 | 51.35 | -11.69 |
|  | Liberal | Amanda Scott | 34,371 | 48.65 | +11.69 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | -11.69 |  |

#### 1993

1993 Australian federal election: Rankin
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | David Beddall | 32,157 | 45.19 | +0.94 |
|  | Liberal | Sallyanne Atkinson | 25,635 | 36.03 | +4.84 |
|  | National | Marian Schwarz | 5,051 | 7.10 | -2.84 |
|  | Democrats | Susan Werba | 3,106 | 4.37 | -7.88 |
|  | Greens | Richard Nielsen | 1,775 | 2.49 | +2.40 |
|  | Independent | Ian Reid | 1,722 | 2.42 | +2.42 |
|  | Confederate Action | Lester Reaves | 1,290 | 1.81 | +1.81 |
|  |  | Debbie Bell | 419 | 0.59 | +0.59 |
| Total formal votes | | | 71,155 | 96.97 | −0.09 |
| Informal votes | | | 2,226 | 3.03 | +0.09 |
| Turnout | | | 73,381 | 95.16 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | David Beddall | 37,449 | 52.67 | -0.49 |
|  | Liberal | Sallyanne Atkinson | 33,647 | 47.33 | +0.49 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | -0.49 |  |

#### 1990

1990 Australian federal election: Rankin
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | David Beddall | 31,782 | 46.3 | -2.9 |
|  | Liberal | John Miles | 16,014 | 23.3 | +10.2 |
|  | National | Huan Fraser | 11,065 | 16.1 | -15.9 |
|  | Democrats | John Hoskins | 7,512 | 10.9 | +6.5 |
|  | Independent | Richard Whiteman | 1,865 | 2.7 | +2.7 |
|  | Independent | Cheryl Crisp | 465 | 0.7 | +0.7 |
| Total formal votes | | | 68,703 | 97.3 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 1,916 | 2.7 |  |
| Turnout | | | 70,619 | 94.2 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | David Beddall | 38,037 | 55.5 | +0.7 |
|  | Liberal | John Miles | 30,519 | 44.5 | +44.5 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +0.7 |  |

### Elections in the 1980s

#### 1987

1987 Australian federal election: Rankin
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | David Beddall | 29,118 | 49.2 | +2.5 |
|  | National | Gerard Walsh | 13,256 | 22.4 | -1.3 |
|  | Liberal | John Patterson | 7,769 | 13.1 | -1.3 |
|  | National | Peter Jorgenson | 5,708 | 9.6 | +9.6 |
|  | Democrats | Miriam Cope | 2,599 | 4.4 | -1.2 |
|  | Independent | Michael Dunne | 670 | 1.1 | +1.1 |
|  | Independent | Terri Cavanagh | 99 | 0.2 | +0.2 |
| Total formal votes | | | 59,219 | 95.8 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 2,578 | 4.2 |  |
| Turnout | | | 67,797 | 92.1 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | David Beddall | 32,415 | 54.7 | +4.2 |
|  | National | Gerard Walsh | 26,791 | 45.3 | -4.2 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +4.2 |  |

#### 1984

1984 Australian federal election: Rankin
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | David Beddall | 23,820 | 46.7 | -3.9 |
|  | National | Cec Jamieson | 16,998 | 33.3 | +12.7 |
|  | Liberal | Bruce Mackenzie-Forbes | 7,324 | 14.4 | -8.5 |
|  | Democrats | Bev Peereboom | 2,880 | 5.6 | +0.7 |
| Total formal votes | | | 51,022 | 94.2 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 3,150 | 5.8 |  |
| Turnout | | | 54,172 | 91.8 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | David Beddall | 25,807 | 50.6 | -4.6 |
|  | National | Cec Jamieson | 25,199 | 49.4 | +49.4 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | -4.6 |  |


title: Chenia (plant)

abstract:
Chenia is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Pottiaceae. The genus name of Chenia is in honour of Pan Chieh Chen, a Chinese botanist (Bryology). The genus was circumscribed by Richard Henry Zander in Phytologia Vol.65 oon page 424 in 1989. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. The genus contains three species:
  - Chenia leptophylla Zander, 1993
  - Chenia lorentzii Zander, 1993
  - Chenia subobliqua Zander, 1989

text:
# Chenia (plant)

***Chenia*** is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Pottiaceae.

The genus name of *Chenia* is in honour of Pan Chieh Chen (1907 - 1970), a Chinese botanist (Bryology).

The genus was circumscribed by Richard Henry Zander in Phytologia Vol.65 oon page 424 in 1989.

The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.

The genus contains three species:

## InfoBox

| *Chenia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Bryophyta |
| Class: | Bryopsida |
| Subclass: | Dicranidae |
| Order: | Pottiales |
| Family: | Pottiaceae |
| Genus: | *Chenia*<br>R.H.Zander |
|


title: Boxhole crater

abstract: Boxhole is a young impact crater located approximately 180 km north-east of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory, Australia. It is 170 metres in diameter and its age is estimated to be 5,400 ± 1,500 years based on the cosmogenic ⁱ⁴C terrestrial age of the meteorite, placing it in the Holocene. The crater is exposed to the surface.

text:
# Boxhole crater

**Boxhole** is a young impact crater located approximately 180 km (265 km by road) north-east of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory, Australia. It is 170 metres in diameter and its age is estimated to be 5,400 ± 1,500 years based on the cosmogenic 14C terrestrial age of the meteorite, placing it in the Holocene. The crater is exposed to the surface.

## Description

In 1937 Joe Webb, a shearer at Boxhole sheep station, took geologist Cecil Madigan to examine the crater. Madigan discovered nickel-bearing metallic fragments and iron shale-balls similar to those found at Henbury to the south of Alice Springs. It was the second impact crater to be described in Australia, after Henbury. A later search found additional meteoritic metal including an iron mass of 181 pounds (82 kg) , now in the Natural History Museum, London.

## Further reading

* Cassidy, W. A., Descriptions and topographic maps of the Wolf Creek and Boxhole craters, Australia (abstract). French, B.M. and Short, N.M., eds., Shock Metamorphism of Natural Materials, Mono Book Corp., Baltimore, MD, p. 623. 1968
* Shoemaker, E. M., Roddy, D.J., Shoemaker, C.S. and Roddy,J.K., The Boxhole meteorite crater, Northern territory, Australia (abstract). Lunar and Planetary Science XIX, pp. 1081–1082. 1988

## InfoBox

| Boxhole crater | |
| --- | --- |
| Boxhole meteorite crater, July 2011 | |
| Impact crater/structure | |
| Confidence | Confirmed |
| Diameter | 170 m (560 ft) |
| Age | 5.4 ± 1.5 ka
Holocene |
| Exposed | Yes |
| Drilled | No |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 22°36′45″S 135°11′43″E / 22.61250°S 135.19528°E / -22.61250; 135.19528 |
| Country | Australia |
| State | Northern Territory |
| Location of the crater in the Northern Territory | |


title: Dunn Loring, Virginia

abstract: Dunn Loring is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The population was 9,464 as of the 2020 census. This suburban area is bordered by Merrifield to the south, Vienna to the west, Tysons to the north, and Idylwood to the east. Dunn Loring is located within the Washington metropolitan area.

text:
# Dunn Loring, Virginia

**Dunn Loring** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The population was 9,464 as of the 2020 census. This suburban area is bordered by Merrifield to the south, Vienna to the west, Tysons to the north, and Idylwood to the east. Dunn Loring is located within the Washington metropolitan area.

## History

Dunn Loring (archaic "Dunn-Loring"), the earliest platted subdivision in Fairfax County and possibly the Commonwealth of Virginia, was founded in 1886. General William McKee Dunn and his wife Elizabeth Lanier Dunn purchased about 600 acres (2.4 km2) located on the Washington, Ohio and Western Railroad, now the Washington and Old Dominion Regional Trail, from L. B. Clarke and his wife on June 8, 1886. On September 22, 1886, the land was transferred to the Loring Land and Improvement Company, composed of General Dunn, then a retired Army brigadier general and former Judge Advocate General; George B. Loring, a former congressman and Commissioner of Agriculture; and George H. LeFetra, a Washington temperance hotel proprietor. The Town of Dunn Loring was advertised for residential sales in 1887. The Loring Land and Improvement Company built a railroad station and a post office, but shortly thereafter General Dunn died, and the development stagnated. During the Spanish–American War, the founding of Camp Russell A. Alger brought growth and prosperity to Dunn Loring, and among the troops trained at Camp Alger was the celebrated author-poet Carl Sandburg, after whom the present Sandburg Street was named. In 1912, Fairfax Shield McCandlish bought out the interests of the developers, consolidated parcels, and subdivided the land into its current platting. Following World War II, the area began to develop as part of Metropolitan Washington, D.C.

Up until the mid-1990s, large portions of the land (mainly between Lee Hwy and Gallows Rd.) had been horse farms and plantations before becoming gentrified.

## Geography

Dunn Loring is located in northeastern Fairfax County at 38°53′31″N 77°13′52″W / 38.89194°N 77.23111°W / 38.89194; -77.23111 (38.891982, −77.231150). It is bordered to the west by the town of Vienna, to the north by Tysons Corner, to the east by the Capital Beltway, and to the south by Interstate 66. Dunn Loring is 14 miles (23 km) west of downtown Washington, D.C.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.4 square miles (6.1 km2), all of it land. Several perennial streams of Accotink Creek's Long Branch stream run through the subdivision.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | 7,861 |  |  |
| 2010 | 8,803 |  | 12.0% |
| 2020 | 9,464 |  | 7.5% |
| 2020 Census Data | | | |

### 2020 census

At the 2020 census (some information from the 2022 American Community Survey) there were 9,464 people, 3,076 housing units and 2,806 households residing in the CDP. The population density was 3,943.3 inhabitants per square mile (1,551.5/km2). The average housing unit density was 1,281.7 per square mile (504.3/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 59.68% White, 4.27% African American, 0.18% Native American, 23.77% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.92% from other races, and 10.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 7.40% of the population.

Of the households, 75.8% were married couple families, 7.8% were a male family householder with no spouse, and 12.9% were a female family householder with no spouse. The average family household had 3.27 people.

The median age was 42.0, 23.8% of people were under the age of 18, and 16.4% were 65 years of age or older. The largest ancestry is the 12.5% who had Irish ancestry, 35.7% spoke a language other than English at home, and 26.1% were born outside the United States, 77.1% of whom were naturalized citizens.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $238,734, and the median income for a family was $246,716. 5.8% of the population were military veterans, and 78.5% had a batchelor's degree or higher. In the CDP 4.6% of the population was below the poverty line, including 3.9% of those under the age of 18 and 2.6% of those aged 65 or over, with 1.6% of the population without health insurance.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 7,861 people, 2,668 households, and 2,038 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 3,855.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,488.8/km2). There were 2,711 housing units at an average density of 1,329.8 per square mile (513.4/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 74.14% White, 3.00% African American, 0.29% Native American, 15.24% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 4.13% from other races, and 3.18% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.87% of the population.

There were 2,668 households, out of which 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.8% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.6% were non-families. 14.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.18.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 24.0% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 34.1% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.0 males.

Like other surrounding areas in Fairfax County, Dunn Loring is an affluent neighborhood with the median income for a household in the CDP at $204,797 (2013), and the median income for a family at $219,490 (2013). About 0.4% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.7% of those under age 18 and 1.4% of those age 65 or over.

## Transportation

Interstate 66 and Interstate 495 form the southern and eastern boundaries of Dunn Loring, respectively, and serve as the major roadways providing access to Dunn Loring.

Dunn Loring is roughly equidistant from Washington Dulles International Airport, 16 miles (26 km) to the west, and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, 12 miles (19 km) to the east. It is also served by the Dunn Loring station on the Washington Metro's Orange Line.

## InfoBox

| Dunn Loring, Virginia | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| Dunn Loring post office, April 2019 | |
| Location of Dunn Loring in Fairfax County, Virginia | |
| Dunn Loring, VirginiaDunn Loring, VirginiaDunn Loring, Virginia | |
| Coordinates: 38°53′31″N 77°13′52″W / 38.89194°N 77.23111°W / 38.89194; -77.23111 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Virginia |
| County | Fairfax |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.4 sq mi (6.1 km2) |
| Land | 2.4 sq mi (6.1 km2) |
| Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2) |
| Elevation | 436 ft (133 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 9,464 |
| Density | 3,943.3/sq mi (1,551.5/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 22027 |
| Area code | 703 |
| FIPS code | 51-23984 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1495484 |


title: Journal of Neuro-Oncology

abstract: The Journal of Neuro-Oncology is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering cancer of the central nervous system. It was established in 1983 and is published 15 times per year by Springer Science+Business Media. It was originally published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and has been published by Springer since 2005. It is the oldest continuously published journal focused on the field of Neuro-Oncology. It is sponsored by the Tumor Section for the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and Congress of Neurological Surgeons. It is co-sponsored by the Society of British Neurological Surgeons, the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies Section of Neuro-Oncology, the Korean Neurosurgical Society, the Chinese Society for Neuro-Oncology (CSNO), the Grupo Interdisciplinario Mexicano de Investigacion en Neuro-Oncologia, the Radiosurgery Society, the Society for NeuroOncology Latin America, the Indian Society of Neuro-Oncology, and the Taiwan Society for Neuro-Oncology (TSNO). The current editor-in-chief is Jason P. Sheehan. Previous editors include Joseph M. Piepmeier and Linda M. Liau.

text:
# Journal of Neuro-Oncology

The ***Journal of Neuro-Oncology*** is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering cancer of the central nervous system. It was established in 1983 and is published 15 times per year by Springer Science+Business Media. It was originally published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and has been published by Springer since 2005. It is the oldest continuously published journal focused on the field of Neuro-Oncology.

It is sponsored by the Tumor Section for the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and Congress of Neurological Surgeons. It is co-sponsored by the Society of British Neurological Surgeons, the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies Section of Neuro-Oncology, the Korean Neurosurgical Society, the Chinese Society for Neuro-Oncology (CSNO), the Grupo Interdisciplinario Mexicano de Investigacion en Neuro-Oncologia, the Radiosurgery Society, the Society for NeuroOncology Latin America, the Indian Society of Neuro-Oncology, and the Taiwan Society for Neuro-Oncology (TSNO).

The current editor-in-chief is Jason P. Sheehan (University of Virginia). Previous editors include Joseph M. Piepmeier (Yale University) and Linda M. Liau (David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA).

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:

According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 4.130.

Members of the editorial board include the following:

**Associate Editors:**

Roger Abounader, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA

Jill Barnholtz-Sloan, Cleveland, OH, USA

Eric Bouffet, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Jeffrey N. Bruce, Columbia University, New York, NY

Linda M. Liau, Brain Research Institute, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA

Arjun Sahgal, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Chris Cifarelli, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV

**Editorial Board:**

Manish K. Aghi, San Francisco, CA, USA

Manmeet Ahluwalia, Cleveland, OH, USA

Marco Alegria, Mexico City, Mexico

Mitchel S. Berger, San Francisco, CA, USA

Deborah Blumenthal, Tel-Aviv, Israel

John A. Boockvar, New York, NY, USA

Steven Brem, Philadelphia, PA, USA

William Broaddus, Richmond, VA, USA

John M. Buatti, Iowa City, IA, USA

Miguel Angel Celis, Mexico City, Mexico

Arnab Chakravarti, Columbus, OH, USA

Samuel Chao, Cleveland, OH, USA

Thomas C. Chen, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Zhong-ping Chen, Guangzhou, China

Shi-Yuan Cheng, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Christopher P. Cifarelli, Morgantown, WV, USA

Charles S. Cobbs, San Francisco, CA, USA

William T. Couldwell, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

Sunit Das, Toronto, ON, Canada

Lisa DeAngelis, New York, NY, USA

Waldemar Debinski, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

Franco DeMonte, Houston, TX, USA

Francesco DiMeco, Milan, Italy

Ian F. Dunn, Boston, MA, USA

Gavin Dunn, St. Louis, MO, USA

Camilo E. Fadul, Charlottesville, VA, USA

Gaetano Finocchiaro, Milan, Italy

Atul Goel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Tejpal Gupta, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Costas G. Hadjipanayis, New York, NY, USA

Sanford P.S. Hsu, Taipei, Taiwan

Martin K. Hunn, Wellington, New Zealand

Jeong-Hyun Hwang, Daegu, Korea

Fabio Iwamoto, New York, NY, USA

Michael D. Jenkinson, Liverpool, UK

Randy L. Jensen, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

Ulf D. Kahlert, Düsseldorf, Germany

Ekkehard Kasper, Boston, MA, USA

Andrew H. Kaye, Melbourne, Australia

Soumen Khatua, Houston, TX, USA

Dong-Gyu Kim, Seoul, Korea

Se-Hyuk Kim, Suwon, Korea

John J. Kresl, Phoenix, AZ, USA

Albert Lai, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Joseph L. Lasky, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Andrew B. Lassman, New York, NY, USA

Eudocia Q. Lee, Boston, MA, USA

Emilie Le Rhun, Lille, France

Maciej Lesniak, Chicago, IL, USA

Michael Lim, Baltimore, MD, USA

Chun-Fu Lin, Taipei, Taiwan

Pedro Lowenstein, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

Marcos V.C. Maldaun, São Paulo, Brazil

Suzana M.F. Malheiros, São Paulo, Brazil

Akira Matsuno, Tokyo, Japan

Gordon McComb, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Michael McDermott, San Francisco, CA, USA

Ingo Mellinghoff, New York, NY, USA

Dattatraya Muzumdar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Brian V. Nahed, Boston, MA, USA

Masayuki Nitta, Tokyo, Japan

Antonio Omuro, New York, NY, USA

Brian Patrick O'Neill, Rochester, MN, USA

Edward Pan, Dallas, TX, USA

Hung-Chuan Pan, Taichung, Taiwan

Whitney Pope, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Daniel Prevedello, Columbus, OH, USA

Stephen Price, Cambridge, UK

Robert M. Prins, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Raj K. Puri, Bethesda, MD, USA

Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa, Jacksonville, FL, USA

Prashant Raghavan, Baltimore, MD, USA

Guilherme C. Ribas, São Paulo, Brazil

Patrick Roth, Zurich, Switzerland

Raymond Sawaya, Houston, TX, USA

Michael Schulder, Lake Success, NY, USA

Michael E. Sughrue, Oklahoma City, OK, USA

Tarik Tihan, San Francisco, CA, USA

Daniel M. Trifiletti, Jacksonville, FL, USA

Hiroaki Wakimoto, Boston, MA, USA

Ronald E. Warnick, Cincinnati, OH, USA

Katherine E. Warren, Bethesda, MD, USA

Howard L. Weiner, New York, NY, USA

Michael Weller, Zurich, Switzerland

Max Wintermark, Stanford, CA, USA

Anhua Wu, Shenyang, China

Isaac Yang, Los Angeles, CA, USA

William H. Yong, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Daizo Yoshida, Tokyo, Japan

Brad Evan Zacharia, Hershey, PA, USA

Gabriel Zada, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Jay-Jiguang Zhu, Houston, TX, USA

**Editor Emeritus:**

Joseph Piepmeier, New Haven, CT, USA

**Social Media Editors:**

Gautam Mehta, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Matthew Shepard, Charlottesville, VA, USA

## InfoBox

*Journal of Neuro-Oncology*
| Discipline | Oncology |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Jason Sheehan |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1983-present |
| Publisher | Springer Science+Business Media |
| Frequency | 15/year |
| Impact factor | 4.506 (2021) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *J. Neuro-Oncol.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| CODEN | JNODD2 |
| ISSN | 0167-594X (print)
1573-7373 (web)
 |
| OCLC no. | 890297171 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Spielplatz

abstract: Spielplatz is the longest-operating naturist resort in United Kingdom, and consists of 12 acres (4.9 ha) located in the village of Bricket Wood, in the English county of Hertfordshire. As of 2021, the resort consists of 65 houses.

text:
# Spielplatz

**Spielplatz** (German for playground) is the longest-operating naturist resort in United Kingdom, and consists of 12 acres (4.9 ha) located in the village of Bricket Wood, in the English county of Hertfordshire. As of 2021, the resort consists of 65 houses.

## History

Spielplatz was founded in 1929 by Charles Macaskie and his wife Dorothy. They moved from London into a tent on an area of virgin woodland they purchased near Bricket Wood. They called their utopian camp the *Green Monastery* and a *Play Place* (Spielplatz).

They were joined by other couples and individuals on weekends. Among their visitors until 1947 was Ross Nichols, founder of the Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids. In turn he attracted both fellow Druids and Gerald Gardner, who later established his first coven at Bricket Wood in his development of Wicca as a modern religion.

It was at Spielplatz that Ross Nichols first met Gerald Gardner. Spielplatz has featured in TV and films such as *Naked as Nature Intended* (1961) starring club member Pamela Green, *Nudist Memories* (1959) and *Confetti* (2006).

In 1956, The Naturist Ltd. published *Nudist Life at Spielplatz*, "The Story of a Modern Experiment in the Art of Living" by Charles Sennet, with a supplement of photographs by Stephen Glass.

In 1957 the documentary series *Out of Step* on ITV, the investigative reporter Dan Farson visited Spielplatz Naturist Club in Bricket Wood and interviewed Charles Macaskie, Mrs. Macaskie, and their daughter Iseult. It is claimed the programme was the first showing of a naked woman on British television.

## Notes and references

## Further reading

51°43′00″N 0°21′25″W / 51.716572°N 0.356984°W / 51.716572; -0.356984


title: Collita okanoi

abstract: Collita okanoi is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found on the southern Kuriles and in Japan. The wingspan is 28–32 mm.

text:
# Collita okanoi

***Collita okanoi*** is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found on the southern Kuriles (Kunashir, Shikotan) and in Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu).

The wingspan is 28–32 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Collita okanoi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Collita* |
| Species: | ***C. okanoi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Collita okanoi***<br>(Inoue, 1961) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eilema okanoi* Inoue, 1961 * *Eilema griseolum montana* Okano, 1954 | |


title: St Elizabeth of Portugal Church

abstract: St Elizabeth of Portugal Church is a Grade II listed Roman Catholic parish church in The Vineyard, Richmond in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, south west London. It is adjacent to The Vineyard Life Church. Dedicated to a 14th-century queen consort of Portugal, it claims to be oldest standing Catholic Church in the Archdiocese of Southwark.

text:
# St Elizabeth of Portugal Church

**St Elizabeth of Portugal Church** is a Grade II listed Roman Catholic parish church in The Vineyard, Richmond in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, south west London. It is adjacent to The Vineyard Life Church. Dedicated to a 14th-century queen consort of Portugal, it claims to be oldest standing Catholic Church in the Archdiocese of Southwark.

## History

The church dates from the 1790s. The present building in yellow and red brick, which is Grade II listed and dates from 1824, was the gift of Elizabeth Doughty. It was designed by Thomas Hardwick. A gallery was added in 1851. The chancel, presbytery and tower were rebuilt in 1903 according to plans drawn up by the architect Frederick Walters. The representations of the Stations of the Cross around the nave were designed by Don Pavey in the 1950s and painted by Jo Ledger.

Famous worshippers at the church include ex-King Manoel II of Portugal in the early 20th century.

## Events

### Marriages

### Funerals

* Phil Lynott, rock musician (1949–1986), on 9 January 1986

## Current activities

The parish priest is Father Stephen Langridge. Mass is held daily. Other activities are listed in the church's weekly newsletter.

## InfoBox

| St Elizabeth of Portugal Church | |
| --- | --- |
| St Elizabeth of Portugal Church, Richmond, London | |
|  | |
|  | |
| 51°27′27″N 0°18′12″W / 51.4576°N 0.3034°W / 51.4576; -0.3034 | |
| Location | 2A The Vineyard, Richmond, London TW10 6AQ |
| Country | England, United Kingdom |
| Denomination | Catholic Church |
| Website | stelizabethschurch.org.uk |
| History | |
| Founded | c.1790 |
| Dedication | Elizabeth of Portugal |
| Architecture | |
| Architect(s) | Thomas Hardwick |
| Years built | 1824–1903 |
| Specifications | |
| Materials | yellow and red brick |
| Administration | |
| Province | Southwark |
| Diocese | Archdiocese of Southwark |
| Episcopal area | South West Pastoral Area |
| Deanery | Mortlake |
| Parish | Richmond |
| Clergy | |
| Priest(s) | Father Stephen Langridge |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade II | |
| Official name | Church of St Elizabeth of Portugal |
| Designated | 24 December 1968 |
| Reference no. | 1261982 |
|  | |
|  | |


abstract: This is a list of electoral results for the Division of Petrie in Australian federal elections from the division's creation in 1949 until the present.

text:
# Electoral results for the Division of Petrie

This is a list of **electoral results for the Division of Petrie** in Australian federal elections from the division's creation in 1949 until the present.

## Members

| Member | | Party | Term |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Alan Hulme | Liberal | 1949–1961 |
|  | Reginald O'Brien | Labor | 1961–1963 |
|  | (Sir) Alan Hulme | Liberal | 1963–1972 |
|  | Marshall Cooke | Liberal | 1972–1974 |
|  | John Hodges | Liberal | 1974–1983 |
|  | Dean Wells | Labor | 1983–1984 |
|  | John Hodges | Liberal | 1984–1987 |
|  | Gary Johns | Labor | 1987–1996 |
|  | Teresa Gambaro | Liberal | 1996–2007 |
|  | Yvette D'Ath | Labor | 2007–2013 |
|  | Luke Howarth | Liberal National | 2013–present |

## Election results

### Elections in the 2020s

#### 2022

2022 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal National | Luke Howarth | 46,325 | 43.49 | −4.62 |
|  | Labor | Mick Denton | 31,972 | 30.02 | −0.84 |
|  | Greens | Will Simon | 12,169 | 11.42 | +2.68 |
|  | United Australia | Kelly Guenoun | 5,914 | 5.55 | +2.24 |
|  | One Nation | Marcus Mitchell | 5,613 | 5.27 | −2.25 |
|  | Animal Justice | Chris Cicchitti | 2,331 | 2.19 | +2.19 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Anneke Wilson | 2,189 | 2.06 | +2.06 |
| Total formal votes | | | 106,513 | 96.46 | +0.08 |
| Informal votes | | | 3,913 | 3.54 | −0.08 |
| Turnout | | | 110,426 | 88.46 | −2.84 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Liberal National | Luke Howarth | 57,981 | 54.44 | −3.96 |
|  | Labor | Mick Denton | 48,532 | 45.56 | +3.96 |
|  | Liberal National **hold** | | **Swing** | −3.96 |  |

### Elections in the 2010s

#### 2019

2019 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal National | Luke Howarth | 48,879 | 48.11 | +3.41 |
|  | Labor | Corinne Mulholland | 31,348 | 30.86 | −7.52 |
|  | Greens | Jason Kennedy | 8,877 | 8.74 | +1.37 |
|  | One Nation | Nikhil Aai Reddy | 7,638 | 7.52 | +7.52 |
|  | United Australia | Troy Hopkins | 3,361 | 3.31 | +3.31 |
|  | Conservative National | Neville Fowler | 1,494 | 1.47 | +1.47 |
| Total formal votes | | | 101,597 | 96.38 | +0.40 |
| Informal votes | | | 3,813 | 3.62 | −0.40 |
| Turnout | | | 105,410 | 91.30 | −0.32 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Liberal National | Luke Howarth | 59,331 | 58.40 | +6.75 |
|  | Labor | Corinne Mulholland | 42,266 | 41.60 | −6.75 |
|  | Liberal National **hold** | | **Swing** | +6.75 |  |

#### 2016

2016 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal National | Luke Howarth | 41,475 | 44.70 | +4.05 |
|  | Labor | Jacqui Pedersen | 35,616 | 38.38 | −1.14 |
|  | Greens | Sue Weber | 6,840 | 7.37 | +2.85 |
|  | Family First | Mark White | 4,746 | 5.11 | +2.96 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Catherine Buckley | 2,877 | 3.10 | +3.10 |
|  | Arts | Andrew Tyrrell | 1,239 | 1.34 | +1.34 |
| Total formal votes | | | 92,793 | 95.98 | +1.18 |
| Informal votes | | | 3,886 | 4.02 | −1.18 |
| Turnout | | | 96,679 | 91.73 | −1.96 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Liberal National | Luke Howarth | 47,926 | 51.65 | +1.12 |
|  | Labor | Jacqui Pedersen | 44,867 | 48.35 | −1.12 |
|  | Liberal National **hold** | | **Swing** | +1.12 |  |

#### 2013

2013 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal National | Luke Howarth | 33,570 | 40.65 | +0.59 |
|  | Labor | Yvette D'Ath | 32,630 | 39.52 | −3.27 |
|  | Palmer United | Thor Prohaska | 8,422 | 10.20 | +10.20 |
|  | Greens | John Marshall | 3,729 | 4.52 | −4.58 |
|  | Family First | Tasman Spence | 1,774 | 2.15 | −2.86 |
|  | Katter's Australian | Chris Thomson | 1,336 | 1.62 | +1.62 |
|  | Rise Up Australia | Elise Jennings | 920 | 1.11 | +1.11 |
|  | Citizens Electoral Council | Geoff Cornell | 192 | 0.23 | +0.23 |
| Total formal votes | | | 82,573 | 94.80 | +0.08 |
| Informal votes | | | 4,530 | 5.20 | −0.08 |
| Turnout | | | 87,103 | 93.69 | +0.65 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Liberal National | Luke Howarth | 41,722 | 50.53 | +3.04 |
|  | Labor | Yvette D'Ath | 40,851 | 49.47 | −3.04 |
|  | Liberal National **gain** from Labor | | **Swing** | +3.04 |  |

#### 2010

2010 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Yvette D'Ath | 32,677 | 42.79 | -6.27 |
|  | Liberal National | Dean Teasdale | 30,590 | 40.06 | -2.76 |
|  | Greens | Peter Jeremijenko | 6,949 | 9.10 | +4.68 |
|  | Family First | Sally Vincent | 3,829 | 5.01 | +3.14 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Gabriel Buckley | 1,604 | 2.10 | +1.79 |
|  | Democratic Labor | Lawrence Addison | 715 | 0.94 | +0.94 |
| Total formal votes | | | 76,364 | 94.72 | −2.06 |
| Informal votes | | | 4,253 | 5.28 | +2.06 |
| Turnout | | | 80,617 | 93.00 | −1.10 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Yvette D'Ath | 40,097 | 52.51 | -1.70 |
|  | Liberal National | Dean Teasdale | 36,267 | 47.49 | +1.70 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | -1.70 |  |

### Elections in the 2000s

#### 2007

2007 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Yvette D'Ath | 38,988 | 46.89 | +9.39 |
|  | Liberal | Teresa Gambaro | 37,299 | 44.86 | -7.41 |
|  | Greens | Terry Jones | 3,890 | 4.68 | -0.02 |
|  | Family First | Sally Vincent | 1,516 | 1.82 | -1.88 |
|  | Democrats | Bruce Carnwell | 814 | 0.98 | -0.76 |
|  | Christian Democrats | Peter Britt | 430 | 0.52 | +0.52 |
|  | Liberty & Democracy | Michael Pope | 217 | 0.26 | +0.26 |
| Total formal votes | | | 83,154 | 97.03 | +1.04 |
| Informal votes | | | 2,546 | 2.97 | −1.04 |
| Turnout | | | 85,700 | 95.12 | −0.38 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Yvette D'Ath | 43,283 | 52.05 | +9.50 |
|  | Liberal | Teresa Gambaro | 39,871 | 47.95 | -9.50 |
|  | Labor **gain** from Liberal | | **Swing** | +9.50 |  |

#### 2004

2004 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | Teresa Gambaro | 41,987 | 52.73 | +4.47 |
|  | Labor | Gavin Brady | 29,589 | 37.16 | -0.80 |
|  | Greens | Rick Pass | 3,676 | 4.62 | +1.93 |
|  | Family First | Wade Whincop | 2,972 | 3.73 | +3.73 |
|  | Democrats | Terri Ball | 1,403 | 1.76 | -3.44 |
| Total formal votes | | | 79,627 | 95.98 | +0.26 |
| Informal votes | | | 3,338 | 4.02 | −0.26 |
| Turnout | | | 82,965 | 94.69 | −0.43 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Liberal | Teresa Gambaro | 46,119 | 57.92 | +4.44 |
|  | Labor | Gavin Brady | 33,508 | 42.08 | -4.44 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | **Swing** | +4.44 |  |

#### 2001

2001 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | Teresa Gambaro | 39,411 | 48.19 | +5.82 |
|  | Labor | Rosemary Hume | 31,044 | 37.96 | -1.70 |
|  | Democrats | Owen Griffiths | 4,284 | 5.24 | +0.15 |
|  | One Nation | Bill Black | 3,463 | 4.23 | -6.86 |
|  | Greens | Kim Pantano | 2,254 | 2.76 | +0.96 |
|  | Independent | Ron Eaton | 1,319 | 1.61 | +1.61 |
| Total formal votes | | | 81,775 | 95.74 | −1.67 |
| Informal votes | | | 3,640 | 4.26 | +1.67 |
| Turnout | | | 85,415 | 95.62 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Liberal | Teresa Gambaro | 43,682 | 53.42 | +2.67 |
|  | Labor | Rosemary Hume | 38,093 | 46.58 | -2.67 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | **Swing** | +2.67 |  |

### Elections in the 1990s

#### 1998

1998 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | Teresa Gambaro | 32,994 | 42.37 | -9.19 |
|  | Labor | Rosemary Hume | 30,882 | 39.66 | +3.60 |
|  | One Nation | Raymond Bower | 8,637 | 11.09 | +11.09 |
|  | Democrats | Pamela Stowell | 3,962 | 5.09 | -1.42 |
|  | Greens | Peter Burgoyne | 1,395 | 1.79 | -0.80 |
| Total formal votes | | | 77,870 | 97.41 | −0.17 |
| Informal votes | | | 2,072 | 2.59 | +0.17 |
| Turnout | | | 79,942 | 94.68 | −0.36 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Liberal | Teresa Gambaro | 39,522 | 50.75 | -7.52 |
|  | Labor | Rosemary Hume | 38,348 | 49.25 | +7.52 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | **Swing** | -7.52 |  |

#### 1996

1996 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | Teresa Gambaro | 38,415 | 51.23 | +11.51 |
|  | Labor | Gary Johns | 27,280 | 36.38 | -8.24 |
|  | Democrats | Zillah Jackson | 4,918 | 6.56 | +2.23 |
|  | Greens | Dell Jones | 1,995 | 2.66 | +0.19 |
|  | Independent | Nat Karmichael | 1,148 | 1.53 | +1.53 |
|  | Independent | Leonard Matthews | 382 | 0.51 | +0.51 |
|  | Independent | John Phillips | 337 | 0.45 | +0.45 |
|  | Independent | Kerry Hay | 275 | 0.37 | +0.37 |
|  | Indigenous Peoples | Keryn Jackson | 236 | 0.31 | +0.31 |
| Total formal votes | | | 74,986 | 97.51 | +0.06 |
| Informal votes | | | 1,916 | 2.49 | −0.06 |
| Turnout | | | 76,902 | 95.04 | −0.90 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Liberal | Teresa Gambaro | 43,172 | 57.70 | +9.85 |
|  | Labor | Gary Johns | 31,651 | 42.30 | -9.85 |
|  | Liberal **gain** from Labor | | **Swing** | +9.85 |  |

#### 1993

1993 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Gary Johns | 32,436 | 44.14 | -0.73 |
|  | Liberal | Alan Sherlock | 29,487 | 40.12 | +1.21 |
|  | Independent | Jeff Gehrmann | 3,182 | 4.33 | +4.33 |
|  | Democrats | Zillah Jackson | 3,167 | 4.31 | -6.89 |
|  | National | Brendan Power | 2,126 | 2.89 | -1.02 |
|  | Greens | Angela Jones | 1,854 | 2.52 | +2.52 |
|  | Confederate Action | Allan Mutch | 1,025 | 1.39 | +1.39 |
|  | Natural Law | Gina Neville | 215 | 0.29 | +0.29 |
| Total formal votes | | | 73,492 | 97.51 | −0.63 |
| Informal votes | | | 1,887 | 2.49 | +0.63 |
| Turnout | | | 75,369 | 95.93 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Gary Johns | 38,256 | 52.10 | -0.84 |
|  | Liberal | Alan Sherlock | 35,176 | 47.90 | +0.84 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | -0.84 |  |

#### 1990

1990 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Gary Johns | 30,763 | 44.2 | -2.0 |
|  | Liberal | Bruce Flegg | 27,992 | 40.2 | +7.2 |
|  | Democrats | Anthony Bloomer | 7,740 | 11.1 | +4.4 |
|  | National | Peter Bateman | 2,327 | 3.3 | -10.9 |
|  | Democratic Socialist | Natasha Simons | 792 | 1.1 | +1.1 |
| Total formal votes | | | 69,614 | 98.1 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 1,335 | 1.9 |  |
| Turnout | | | 70,949 | 95.2 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Gary Johns | 36,327 | 52.3 | +0.9 |
|  | Liberal | Bruce Flegg | 33,185 | 47.7 | -0.9 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +0.9 |  |

### Elections in the 1980s

#### 1987

1987 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Gary Johns | 30,537 | 46.2 | +0.0 |
|  | Liberal | John Hodges | 21,780 | 33.0 | -0.2 |
|  | National | Gerard Cross | 9,375 | 14.2 | -1.6 |
|  | Democrats | Isobel Robinson | 4,404 | 6.7 | +1.9 |
| Total formal votes | | | 66,096 | 97.0 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 2,013 | 3.0 |  |
| Turnout | | | 68,109 | 93.5 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Gary Johns | 33,995 | 51.4 | +2.0 |
|  | Liberal | John Hodges | 32,086 | 48.6 | -2.0 |
|  | Labor **gain** from Liberal | | **Swing** | +2.0 |  |

#### 1984

1984 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Deane Wells | 28,392 | 46.2 | -1.8 |
|  | Liberal | John Hodges | 20,395 | 33.2 | -9.9 |
|  | National | Don Munro | 9,701 | 15.8 | +15.8 |
|  | Democrats | Garry Somerville | 2,971 | 4.8 | -1.6 |
| Total formal votes | | | 61,459 | 95.5 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 2,879 | 4.5 |  |
| Turnout | | | 64,338 | 94.1 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Liberal | John Hodges | 31,115 | 50.6 | +2.1 |
|  | Labor | Deane Wells | 30,339 | 49.4 | -2.1 |
|  | Liberal **gain** from Labor | | **Swing** | +2.1 |  |

#### 1983

1983 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Deane Wells | 33,283 | 47.0 | +4.3 |
|  | Liberal | John Hodges | 31,227 | 44.1 | -3.9 |
|  | Democrats | Ray Hollis | 4,506 | 6.4 | -0.4 |
|  | Independent | Christopher Caldwell | 1,453 | 2.0 | +2.0 |
|  | Progress | Phillip Grimison | 411 | 0.6 | -2.0 |
| Total formal votes | | | 70,880 | 98.6 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 1,003 | 1.4 |  |
| Turnout | | | 71,883 | 93.4 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Deane Wells | 35,800 | 50.5 | +3.9 |
|  | Liberal | John Hodges | 35,080 | 49.5 | -3.9 |
|  | Labor **gain** from Liberal | | **Swing** | +3.9 |  |

#### 1980

1980 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | John Hodges | 32,979 | 48.0 | -4.8 |
|  | Labor | Deane Wells | 29,319 | 42.7 | +8.7 |
|  | Democrats | Pauline Moylan | 4,668 | 6.8 | -5.1 |
|  | Progress | Phillip Grimson | 1,768 | 2.6 | +1.3 |
| Total formal votes | | | 68,734 | 98.4 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 1,091 | 1.6 |  |
| Turnout | | | 69,825 | 94.9 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Liberal | John Hodges | 36,671 | 53.4 | -6.5 |
|  | Labor | Deane Wells | 32,063 | 46.6 | +6.5 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | **Swing** | -6.5 |  |

### Elections in the 1970s

#### 1977

1977 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | John Hodges | 33,853 | 52.8 | -9.7 |
|  | Labor | Gerard Molloy | 21,774 | 34.0 | -3.5 |
|  | Democrats | Leslie Mundt | 7,648 | 11.9 | +11.9 |
|  | Progress | Rodney Jeanneret | 823 | 1.3 | +1.3 |
| Total formal votes | | | 64,098 | 98.7 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 819 | 1.3 |  |
| Turnout | | | 64,917 | 96.0 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Liberal | John Hodges |  | 59.9 | -2.6 |
|  | Labor | Gerard Molloy |  | 40.1 | +2.6 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | **Swing** | -2.6 |  |

#### 1975

1975 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | John Hodges | 47,414 | 62.5 | +21.2 |
|  | Labor | John Hungerford | 28,452 | 37.5 | -5.5 |
| Total formal votes | | | 75,866 | 98.6 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 1,049 | 1.4 |  |
| Turnout | | | 76,915 | 95.6 |  |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | **Swing** | +7.5 |  |

#### 1974

1974 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Denis Murphy | 30,651 | 43.0 | -2.2 |
|  | Liberal | John Hodges | 29,442 | 41.3 | +5.5 |
|  | Country | Peter Addison | 10,009 | 14.0 | +3.8 |
|  | Australia | Jill Ritchie | 1,202 | 1.7 | -1.8 |
| Total formal votes | | | 71,304 | 98.5 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 1,063 | 1.5 |  |
| Turnout | | | 72,367 | 95.5 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Liberal | John Hodges | 39,183 | 55.0 | +3.7 |
|  | Labor | Denis Murphy | 32,121 | 45.0 | -3.7 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | **Swing** | +3.7 |  |

#### 1972

1972 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Denis Murphy | 27,942 | 45.2 | +0.9 |
|  | Liberal | Marshall Cooke | 22,092 | 35.8 | -11.2 |
|  | Country | Gordon Olive | 6,332 | 10.2 | +10.2 |
|  | Democratic Labor | Frank Andrews | 3,285 | 5.3 | -0.5 |
|  | Australia | Alex Dewar | 2,137 | 3.5 | +0.7 |
| Total formal votes | | | 61,788 | 98.1 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 1,215 | 1.9 |  |
| Turnout | | | 63,003 | 95.7 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Liberal | Marshall Cooke | 31,709 | 51.3 | -2.6 |
|  | Labor | Denis Murphy | 30,079 | 48.7 | +2.6 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | **Swing** | -2.6 |  |

### Elections in the 1960s

#### 1969

1969 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | Alan Hulme | 25,656 | 47.0 | -4.3 |
|  | Labor | Kenneth Turbet | 24,160 | 44.3 | +4.7 |
|  | Democratic Labor | Robert Macklin | 3,168 | 5.8 | -2.8 |
|  | Australia | Sydney Appleby | 1,550 | 2.8 | +2.8 |
| Total formal votes | | | 54,534 | 98.9 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 595 | 1.1 |  |
| Turnout | | | 55,129 | 95.4 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Liberal | Alan Hulme | 29,383 | 53.9 | -5.9 |
|  | Labor | Kenneth Turbet | 25,151 | 46.1 | +5.9 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | **Swing** | -5.9 |  |

#### 1966

1966 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | Alan Hulme | 34,715 | 51.9 | +4.8 |
|  | Labor | Reginald O'Brien | 26,073 | 39.0 | -6.7 |
|  | Democratic Labor | Thomas Grundy | 5,740 | 8.6 | +1.7 |
|  | Independent | Francis O'Mara | 299 | 0.4 | +0.1 |
| Total formal votes | | | 66,827 | 98.4 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 1,081 | 1.6 |  |
| Turnout | | | 67,908 | 95.5 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Liberal | Alan Hulme |  | 59.2 | +5.7 |
|  | Labor | Reginald O'Brien |  | 40.8 | -5.7 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | **Swing** | +5.7 |  |

#### 1963

1963 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | Alan Hulme | 27,616 | 47.1 | +5.2 |
|  | Labor | Reginald O'Brien | 26,804 | 45.7 | -3.5 |
|  | Democratic Labor | Brian Balaam | 4,035 | 6.9 | +1.0 |
|  | Independent | Francis O'Mara | 159 | 0.3 | -0.2 |
| Total formal votes | | | 58,614 | 97.7 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 1,394 | 2.3 |  |
| Turnout | | | 60,008 | 96.0 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Liberal | Alan Hulme | 31,335 | 53.5 | +4.2 |
|  | Labor | Reginald O'Brien | 27,279 | 46.5 | -4.2 |
|  | Liberal **gain** from Labor | | **Swing** | +4.2 |  |

#### 1961

1961 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Reginald O'Brien | 26,468 | 49.2 | +14.3 |
|  | Liberal | Alan Hulme | 22,516 | 41.9 | -8.6 |
|  | Queensland Labor | Trevol Sturling | 3,179 | 5.9 | -4.9 |
|  | Independent | Cecil Guilfoyle | 1,314 | 2.4 | +2.4 |
|  | Independent | Francis O'Mara | 266 | 0.5 | +0.5 |
| Total formal votes | | | 53,743 | 97.1 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 1,611 | 2.9 |  |
| Turnout | | | 55,354 | 95.5 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Reginald O'Brien | 27,269 | 50.7 | +11.2 |
|  | Liberal | Alan Hulme | 26,474 | 49.3 | -11.2 |
|  | Labor **gain** from Liberal | | **Swing** | +11.2 |  |

### Elections in the 1950s

#### 1958

1958 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | Alan Hulme | 23,682 | 50.5 | -6.3 |
|  | Labor | John Claffey | 16,376 | 34.9 | -8.3 |
|  | Queensland Labor | Maxwell McCurdie | 5,081 | 10.8 | +10.8 |
|  | Australian Nationalist | Horace Burge | 1,776 | 3.8 | +3.8 |
| Total formal votes | | | 46,915 | 96.1 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 1,910 | 3.9 |  |
| Turnout | | | 48,825 | 96.3 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Liberal | Alan Hulme |  | 60.5 | +3.7 |
|  | Labor | John Claffey |  | 39.5 | -3.7 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | **Swing** | +3.7 |  |

#### 1955

1955 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | Alan Hulme | 23,328 | 56.8 | +1.7 |
|  | Labor | Noel Curran | 17,740 | 43.2 | -1.7 |
| Total formal votes | | | 41,068 | 97.6 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 993 | 2.4 |  |
| Turnout | | | 42,061 | 95.5 |  |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | **Swing** | +1.7 |  |

#### 1954

1954 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | Alan Hulme | 26,706 | 55.1 | -3.5 |
|  | Labor | Alexander Barry | 21,774 | 44.9 | +3.5 |
| Total formal votes | | | 48,480 | 98.9 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 561 | 1.1 |  |
| Turnout | | | 49,041 | 96.8 |  |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | **Swing** | -3.5 |  |

#### 1951

1951 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | Alan Hulme | 24,843 | 58.6 | -1.1 |
|  | Labor | Patrick Bredhauer | 17,533 | 41.4 | +4.8 |
| Total formal votes | | | 42,376 | 98.0 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 849 | 2.0 |  |
| Turnout | | | 43,225 | 95.9 |  |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | **Swing** | -3.0 |  |

### Elections in the 1940s

#### 1949

1949 Australian federal election: Petrie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | Alan Hulme | 23,803 | 59.7 | +14.6 |
|  | Labor | Samuel Martin | 14,593 | 36.6 | -7.4 |
|  | Independent | James Ryan | 1,488 | 3.7 | +3.7 |
| Total formal votes | | | 39,884 | 98.3 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 683 | 1.7 |  |
| Turnout | | | 40,567 | 94.5 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Liberal | Alan Hulme |  | 61.6 | +10.8 |
|  | Labor | Samuel Martin |  | 38.4 | -10.8 |
|  | Liberal **notional hold** | | **Swing** | +10.8 |  |


title: Chenhamo Chimutengwende

abstract: Chenhamo "Chen" Chakezha Chimutengwende was the Minister of State for Public and Interactive Affairs in Zimbabwe and a longstanding supporter of Robert Mugabe. On 31 March 2008 he lost his parliamentary seat in the general election, which ended his 23-year career as a Member of Parliament. Since September 2009 he has been chairman of the Zimbabwe Foundation for Sustainable Development.

text:
# Chenhamo Chimutengwende

**Chenhamo "Chen" Chakezha Chimutengwende** (born 28 August 1943) was the Minister of State for Public and Interactive Affairs in Zimbabwe and a longstanding supporter of Robert Mugabe. On 31 March 2008 he lost his parliamentary seat in the general election, which ended his 23-year career as a Member of Parliament. Since September 2009 he has been chairman of the Zimbabwe Foundation for Sustainable Development.

## Early years

During the 1960s and 1970s Chimutengwende lived in exile in London, England, where he directed the Europe-Africa Research Project from a basement in Gower Street. He was a member of the editorial board of *Red Mole*, a paper closely associated with the International Marxist Group. A staunch supporter of Mao Zedong's China, he resigned from the editorial board when the paper criticised Mao's policies with regard to the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971.

He earned a master's degree in social science and a PhD from the University of Bradford, writing a doctoral thesis on "Mass Media and the State in the Socio-Economic Development Process". He is the author of the book *South Africa: The Press and the Politics of Liberation* (Barbican Books, London, 1978).

## Zimbabwean politics

After relations with Britain worsened during the early 2000s, Chimutengwende was used by the party as a negotiator. He had many personal ties to London and many connections within British politics. His attempts at reconciliation did not bear much fruit, however, as the governments of Tony Blair and Robert Mugabe continued to denounce one another in public.

During the 2005 parliamentary election, his opponent Shepherd Mushonga accused Chimutengwende of being hypocritical for supporting Mugabe. Chimutengwende responded by saying to a crowd in Mazowe: "I love England, that country will always have a special place in my heart, but I am a proud Zimbabwean and always will be." Shepherd Mushonga was notably in favour of Mugabe's controversial land reform program, whereas Chimutengwende was more introspective about the issue. Chimutengwende said his position was that he favoured land reform as such, and land redistibution in particular, but he did not think it was done in a good way. He was however noted for being "deeply loyal" to President Robert Mugabe. Chimutengwende won the election with 18,041 votes compared to 7,567 votes for Shepherd Mushonga and 386 votes for Gideon Chinogurei of ZAPU.

Since 2005, he is placed on the United States sanctions list.


title: Rybno, Gniezno County

abstract: Rybno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kiszkowo, within Gniezno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Kiszkowo, 23 km (14 mi) west of Gniezno, and 35 km (22 mi) north-east of the regional capital Poznań.

text:
# Rybno, Gniezno County

**Rybno** \[ˈrɨbnɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kiszkowo, within Gniezno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Kiszkowo, 23 km (14 mi) west of Gniezno, and 35 km (22 mi) north-east of the regional capital Poznań.

## InfoBox

| Rybno | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Rybno | |
| Coordinates: 52°36′39″N 17°17′15″E / 52.61083°N 17.28750°E / 52.61083; 17.28750 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Gniezno |
| Gmina | Kiszkowo |
| Population | 860 |


title: Durga Mandir, Varanasi

abstract: Durga Mandir, also known as Durga Kund Mandir and Durga Temple, is one of the most famous temples in the holy city of Varanasi. This temple has great religious importance in Hinduism and is dedicated to Durga. Durga Mandir was constructed in 18th century by Rani Bhabani of Natore.

text:
# Durga Mandir, Varanasi

**Durga Mandir** (Hindi: दुर्गा मंदिर), also known as **Durga Kund Mandir** and **Durga Temple**, is one of the most famous temples in the holy city of Varanasi. This temple has great religious importance in Hinduism and is dedicated to Durga. Durga Mandir was constructed in 18th century by Rani Bhabani of Natore.

## History

Durga Mandir was constructed in 18th century by Bengali Maharani- Rani Bhabani of Natore. The temple is dedicated to the Goddess Durga. Next to the temple, is a kund (pond) which was earlier connected to the river Ganges. It is believed that the existing icon of the goddess was not made by a man but appeared on its own in the temple.

In *adhyaya* (chapter) 23 of the *Devi-Bhagavata Purana*, this temple's origin is explained. As per the text, Kashi Naresh (king of Varanasi) called for a Swayamvar for his daughter Sashikala's marriage. The King later learnt that the princess was in love with vanvasi prince Sudarshan. So Kashi Naresh got his daughter secretly married to the prince. When the other Kings (who were invited for Swayamvar) got to know about the marriage, they got angry and went on war with Kashi Naresh. Sudarshan then offered prayers to Durga, who came on a lion and fought the war for Kashi Naresh and Sudarshan. After the war, Kashi Naresh pleaded to Durga to protect Varanasi and with that belief, this temple was constructed.

## Construction

Durga Mandir was constructed in the 18th century (exact date of construction not known) by a Hindu Bengali Rani *\- Rani Bhabani of Natore. (Bengali queen).* The temple was built in North Indian Nagara style of architecture. The temple is painted red with ochre to match the colours of the central icon of Durga, the goddess of strength and power. Inside the temple, many elaborately carved and engraved stones can be found. The temple is made up of many small sikharas conjoined together*.*

## Location

Durga Mandir is situated on the Sankat Mochan road, adjacent to Durga Kund, 250 meters north of Tulsi Manas Mandir, 700 meters north-east of Sankat Mochan Mandir and 1.3 kilometers north of Banaras Hindu University.

## InfoBox

| Durga Mandir, Varanasi | |
| --- | --- |
| Main entrance of Durga Mandir | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Hinduism |
| District | Varanasi |
| Deity | Durga |
| Festivals | Durga Puja<br>Navratri |
| Location | |
| Location | Durga Kund, Bhelupur, Varanasi |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| Country | India |
| Temple location on Varanasi district mapDurga Mandir, Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) | |
| Geographic coordinates | 25°17′19″N 82°59′57″E / 25.288622°N 82.999279°E / 25.288622; 82.999279 |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Nagara |
| Creator | Rani Bhabani of Natore |
| Completed | 18th century |
| Elevation | 85 m (279 ft) |


title: Journal of Neural Transmission

abstract: The Journal of Neural Transmission is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering clinical neurology and translational neuroscience. It was established in 1950 by Carmen Coronini and Alexander Sturm as Acta Neurovegetativa. It was renamed to the Journal of Neuro-Visceral Relations in 1968 and to its current title in 1972. From 1989 to 1995, the journal was published in two sections: a "general section" and a "Parkinson's disease and dementia section." The editor-in-chief is Peter Riederer. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2019 impact factor of 3.505.

text:
# Journal of Neural Transmission

The ***Journal of Neural Transmission*** is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering clinical neurology and translational neuroscience. It was established in 1950 by Carmen Coronini and Alexander Sturm as ***Acta Neurovegetativa***. It was renamed to the ***Journal of Neuro-Visceral Relations*** in 1968 and to its current title in 1972. From 1989 to 1995, the journal was published in two sections: a "general section" and a "Parkinson's disease and dementia section." The editor-in-chief is Peter Riederer. According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal has a 2019 impact factor of 3.505.

## InfoBox

*Journal of Neural Transmission*
| Discipline | Clinical neurology
Translational neuroscience |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Peter Riederer |
| Publication details | |
| Former name(s) | Acta Neurovegetativa
Journal of Neuro-Visceral Relations |
| History | 1950–present |
| Publisher | Springer Science+Business Media |
| Frequency | Monthly |
| Impact factor | 3.505 (2019) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *J. Neural Transm. (Vienna)* |
| Indexing
 | |
| CODEN | JNTRF3 |
| ISSN | 0300-9564 (print)
1435-1463 (web)
 |
| OCLC no. | 956041026 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Liocranum rupicola

abstract: Liocranum rupicola is a species of spider in the family Liocranidae. It is found in Europe and Russia, and was first described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1830.

text:
# Liocranum rupicola

***Liocranum rupicola*** is a species of spider in the family Liocranidae. It is found in Europe and Russia, and was first described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1830.

## InfoBox

| *Liocranum rupicola* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Liocranum rupicola* in a mixed forest in Hambach, Germany | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Liocranidae |
| Genus: | *Liocranum* |
| Species: | ***L. rupicola*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Liocranum rupicola***<br>Walckenaer, 1830 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Clubiona domestica* * *Clubiona rupicola* * *Liocranum domesticum* * *Philoica notata* * *Tegenaria notata* | |


title: Split Up (expert system)

abstract:
Split Up is an intelligent decision support system, which makes predictions about the distribution of marital property following divorce in Australia. It is designed to assist judges, registrars of the Family Court of Australia, mediators and lawyers.
Split Up operates as a hybrid system, combining rule – based reasoning with neural network theory. Rule based reasoning operates within strict parameters, in the form: IF < condition(s) > then <action>. Neural networks, by contrast, are considered to be better suited to generate decisions in uncertain domains, since they can be taught to weigh the factors considered by judicial decision makers from case data. Yet, they do not provide an explanation for the conclusions they reach. Split_up, with a view to overcome this flaw, uses argument structures proposed by Toulmin as the basis for representations from which explanations can be generated.

text:
# Split Up (expert system)

**Split Up** is an intelligent decision support system, which makes predictions about the distribution of marital property following divorce in Australia. It is designed to assist judges, registrars of the Family Court of Australia, mediators and lawyers. Split Up operates as a hybrid system, combining rule – based reasoning with neural network theory. Rule based reasoning operates within strict parameters, in the form:

IF \< condition(s) \> then \<action\>.

Neural networks, by contrast, are considered to be better suited to generate decisions in uncertain domains, since they can be taught to weigh the factors considered by judicial decision makers from case data. Yet, they do not provide an explanation for the conclusions they reach. Split\_up, with a view to overcome this flaw, uses argument structures proposed by Toulmin as the basis for representations from which explanations can be generated.

## Application

In Australian family law, a judge in determining the distribution of property will:

1. identify the assets of the marriage included in the common pool
2. establish what percentage of the common pool each party will receive
3. determine a final property order in line with the decisions made in 1. and 2.

Split\_Up implements step 1 and 2 : the common pool determination and the prediction of a percentage split.

### The common pool determination

Since the determination of marital property is rule based, it is implemented using directed graphs.

However, the percentage split between the parties is discretionary in that a judge has a wide discretion to look at each party's contributions to the marriage under section 79(4) of the Family Law Act 1975. Broadly, the contributions can be taken as financial or non-financial. The party who can demonstrate a larger contribution to the marital relationship will receive a larger proportion of the assets. The court may further look at each party's financial resources and future needs under section 75(2)of the Family Law Act 1975. These needs can include factors such as the inability to gain employment, the continued care of a child under 18 years of age or medical expenses.

This means that different judges may and will reach different conclusions based on the same facts, since each judge assigns different relevant weights to each factor. Split\_up determines the percentage split by using a combination of rule- based reasoning and neural networks.

### The percentage split determination

In order to determine how judges weigh the different factors, 103 written judgements of commonplace cases were used to establish a database comprising 94 relevant factors for percentage split determination.

The factors relevant for a percentage split determination are:

* Past contributions of a husband relative to those of a wife
* The husband's future needs relative to those of the wife
* The wealth of the marriage

The factors relevant for a determination of past contributions are

* The relative direct and indirect contributions of both parties
* The length of the marriage
* The relative contributions of both parties to the homemaking role

The hierarchy provides a structure that is used to decompose the task of predicting an outcome into 35 subtasks. Outputs of tasks further down the hierarchy are used as inputs into sub-tasks higher up the hierarchy. Each sub-task is treated as a separate and smaller data mining exercise. Twenty one solid arcs represent inferences performed with the use of rule sets. For example, the level of wealth of a marriage is determined by a rule, which uses the common pool value.

By contrast, the fourteen dashed arcs establish inferences performed with the use of neural networks. These receive their name from the fact that they resemble a nervous system in the brain. They consist of many self – adjusting processing elements cooperating in a densely interconnected network. Each processing element generates a single output that is transmitted to the other processing element. The output signal of a processing element depends on the input to the processing element, i.e. each input is gated by a weighting factor that determines the amount of influence that the input will have on the output. The strength of the weighting factors is adjusted autonomously by the processing element as the data is processed.

In Split\_Up, the neural network is a statistical technique for learning the weights of each of the relevant attributes used in a percentage split determination of marital property.

Hence the inputs to the neural network are contributions, future needs and wealth, and the output the percentage split predicted.

On each arc there is a statistical weight. Using back propagation the neural network learns the necessary pattern to recognize the prediction. It is trained by repeatedly exposing it to examples of the problem and learning the significance (weights) of the input nodes.

The neural network used by Split\_up is said to generalise well if the output of the network is correct (or nearly correct) for examples not seen during training, which classifies it as an intelligent system.

### Toulmin Argument Structure

Since the manner in which these weights are learned is primarily statistical, domain knowledge of legal rules and principles is not modelled directly. However, explanations for a legal conclusion in a domain as discretionary as the determining the distribution of property following divorce, are at least as important as the conclusion reached. Hence the creators of Split\_Up used Toulmin Argument structures, to provide independent explanations of the conclusions reached.

These operate on the basis that every argument makes an assertion based on some data. The assertion of the argument stands as the claim of the argument. Since knowing the data and the claim, does not necessarily mean that the claim follows from the data, a mechanism is required to justify the claim in the light of the data. The justification is known as the warrant. The backing of an argument supports the validity of the warrant. In the legal domain, this is typically a reference to a statute or a precedent.

Here, a neural network (or rules), produce a conclusion from the data of an argument and the data, warrant and backing are reproduced to generate an explanation.

It is noteworthy, though, that an argument's warrant is reproduced as an explanation regardless of the claim values used. This lack of claim - sensitivity must be overcome by the different users, i.e., the judge, the representatives for the wife and the representatives for the husband, each of whom is encouraged to use the system to prepare their cases, but not to rely exclusively on its outcome.


title: Colleen Lee

abstract: Colleen Lee Ka-ling is a Hong Kong pianist who won the 6th place prize in the XV International Chopin Piano Competition in 2005.

text:
# Colleen Lee

**Colleen Lee Ka-ling** (李嘉齡; born 11 October 1980) is a Hong Kong pianist who won the 6th place prize in the XV International Chopin Piano Competition in 2005.

## Biography

Lee began piano lessons when she was four, and started studying with Miss Eleanor Wong upon admission to the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts two years later. She graduated valedictorian in 2001 (Bachelor’s) and again in 2003 (Professional Diploma), and has since been working with Arie Vardi at the Hochschule in Hannover, Germany.

She has given recitals extensively on nearly every continent, in venues from Carnegie Hall in New York City to Chopin's Manor in Poland, and has collaborated with many major orchestras, performing works from Bach to world premieres of Tjeknavorian and others. She was a guest artist at festivals in Austria (Carinthia), France (Prades “Casals”), Germany (Meissen, Goslar), Italy (Assisi), Holland (Holland Music Sessions) and Poland (Antonin, Chopin Duszniki Zdroj), and has been heard on radio in Hong Kong, Poland, Germany, Italy, Scotland and the United States.

She is considered as a leading pianist in Hong Kong and has performed in the New Masters on Tour Series in Concertgebouw, Amsterdam, and The Hague; as well as in New York City, San Francisco and Tel-Aviv (with the Israel Philharmonic) among other prestigious venues, for the upcoming season.

In 2005, she received 6th prize in the XV International Chopin Piano Competition, and in 2006 she received 6th prize in the Gina Bachauer International Piano Competition. She has also been awarded the Commendation from the Home Affairs Bureau in 2004 and the Commendation for Community Service by the Chief Executive in 2006, in recognition of her outstanding achievements in music.

## Others

She has recorded regularly for RTHK Radio 4 for both recitals and chamber series. Also, she was one of the artists presented in the acclaimed Outstanding Young Chinese Musicians Series (2006), and was also one of the ten outstanding Hong Kong musicians featured in the CD and programme "Gifted" presented by RTHK 4 to celebrate the 10th years of the Establishment of the Hong Kong SAR. Her début CD, an all Chopin album, recorded in Warsaw with the Pleyel Piano was issued by the Fryderyk Chopin Institute in 2006. In February 2008, she has recorded her second CD, including various Scarlatti Sonatas.

Lee was also the laureate of the Paloma O'Shea International Piano Competition in Santander, Cantabria, Spain.

## InfoBox

| Colleen Lee | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1980-10-11) 11 October 1980 |
| Alma mater | Heep Yunn School |
| Occupation | Musician |
| Awards | **International Frédéric Chopin Piano Competition**
2005 6th in place
**Hong Kong International Piano Competition**
2005 Finalist |
| **Musical career** | |
| Genres | Classical |
| Instrument | Piano |
| Website | https://www.colleen-lee.com/ |
|  | |


title: Stand Cup

abstract:
The Stand Cup is a Listed flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older.
It is run at Chester over a distance of 1 mile 4 furlongs and 63 yards, and it is scheduled to take place each year in September. The race was first run in 2006.

text:
# Stand Cup

Stand Cup
| 2021 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
| Invite | Alounak | Wells Farhh Go |

| Previous years | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Alignak | Morando | Hereby |
| 2019 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Sextant | Manuela De Vega | Grace And Danger |
| 2018 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Blakeney Point | Hochfeld | Mistress Quickly |
| 2017 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Duretto | Across The Stars | Rich Legacy |
| 2016 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Mountain Bell | Desert Encounter | Foundation |
| 2015 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Secret Number | Lustrous | Sheikhzayedroad |
| 2014 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Energia Fribby | Livia's Dream | Pinzolo |
| 2013 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Tac De Boistron | Cubanita | Allied Powers |
| 2012 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Goldoni | Naseem Alyasmeen | Good Morning Star |
| 2011 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Debussy | Kiama Bay | Zennor |
| 2010 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Harris Tweed | Les Fazzani | Wajir |
| 2009 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Snoqualmie Girl | Traffic Guard | Indian Days |
| 2008 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Foxhaven | Carte Diamond | Strategic Mount |
| 2007 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Hattan | Foxhaven | Lundy's Lane |
| 2006 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Foxhaven | Soulacroix | Camrose |
|  | | |

The **Stand Cup** is a Listed flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Chester over a distance of 1 mile 4 furlongs and 63 yards (2,472 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.

The race was first run in 2006.

## Winners

| **Year** | **Winner** | **Age** | **Jockey** | **Trainer** | **Time** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2006 | Foxhaven | 4 | Franny Norton | Patrick Chamings | 2:40.15 |
| 2007 | Hattan | 5 | Seb Sanders | Clive Brittain | 2:37.11 |
| 2008 | Foxhaven | 6 | Franny Norton | Patrick Chamings | 2:43.77 |
| 2009 | Snoqualmie Girl | 3 | Silvestre de Sousa | David Elsworth | 2:34.93 |
| 2010 | Harris Tweed | 3 | Liam Jones | William Haggas | 2:48.75 |
| 2011 | Debussy | 5 | Paul Hanagan | Mahmood Al Zarooni | 2:37.39 |
| 2012 | Goldoni | 3 | David Probert | Andrew Balding | 2:42.42 |
| 2013 | Tac De Boistron | 6 | Martin Harley | Marco Botti | 2:49.83 |
| 2014 | Energia Fribby | 4 | Ted Durcan | Marco Botti | 2:41.41 |
| 2015 | Secret Number | 5 | James Doyle | Saeed bin Suroor | 2:46.90 |
| 2016 | Mountain Bell | 3 | John Egan | Ralph Beckett | 2:41.84 |
| 2017 | Duretto | 5 | Graham Lee | Andrew Balding | 2:53.40 |
| 2018 | Blakeney Point | 5 | Trevor Whelan | Roger Charlton | 2:44.14 |
| 2019 | Sextant | 4 | Louis Steward | Sir Michael Stoute | 2:38.00 |
| 2020 | Alignak | 4 | David Allan | Sir Michael Stoute | 2:39.24 |
| 2021 | Invite | 3 | John Egan | Andrew Balding | 2:38.85 |
| 2023 | Al Qareem | 4 | Sam James | Karl Burke | 2:41.93 |
| 2024 | Al Qareem | 5 | Pierre-Louis Jamin | Karl Burke | 2:43.21 |


title: KDWG

abstract: KDWG is a radio station licensed to serve Dillon, Montana, United States. The station is owned by The University of Montana. It is an affiliate of Montana Public Radio. The station was assigned the KDWG call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on December 4, 2000.

text:
# KDWG

**KDWG** (90.9 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve Dillon, Montana, United States. The station is owned by The University of Montana. It is an affiliate of Montana Public Radio.

The station was assigned the KDWG call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on December 4, 2000.

## InfoBox

KDWG
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 90.9 MHz |
| Branding | Montana Public Radio |
| Programming | |
| Format | Public radio |
| Affiliations | Montana Public Radio |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | University of Montana |
| History | |
| First air date | December 4, 2000 |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 93389 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 850 watts |
| HAAT | −72 meters (−236 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 45°12′33″N 112°38′14″W / 45.20917°N 112.63722°W / 45.20917; -112.63722 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Available on website |
| Website | http://www.mtpr.org |