title: Samu-Jussi Koski

abstract: Samu-Jussi Koski is a Finnish fashion designer and the founder and Creative Director of Samuji. Koski holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Fashion Design from the Lahti University of Applied Sciences in Finland, and a Master’s Degree in Fashion Design from the Polimoda Fashion School in Florence, Italy. Before establishing his own label, Koski worked the major part of his career at the Finnish textile house Marimekko, where he started as an Assistant Designer in 2003. Two years later Koski was promoted to Fashion Designer and he began to design collections carrying his own name under the Marimekko brand. The working experience was significant for the young designer and allowed Koski to develop his own signature style early in his career. Koski’s vision was well received, and in 2008 he became the Creative Director of the company. In 2009, Koski moved on to start Samuji with the ambition to pursue a variety of creative projects. He began on his own but soon gathered a team of creative minds to help him with art direction, production, marketing, sales and finance. The first Samuji womenswear collection was launched in spring 2011. Today, the company’s key areas are design and consulting. Samuji presents four womenswear collections annually, and a menswear line was introduced in fall 2013.

text:
# Samu-Jussi Koski

**Samu-Jussi Koski** (born 3 June 1975 in Helsinki) is a Finnish fashion designer and the founder and Creative Director of Samuji.

Koski holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Fashion Design from the Lahti University of Applied Sciences in Finland, and a Master’s Degree in Fashion Design from the Polimoda Fashion School in Florence, Italy.

Before establishing his own label, Koski worked the major part of his career at the Finnish textile house Marimekko, where he started as an Assistant Designer in 2003. Two years later Koski was promoted to Fashion Designer and he began to design collections carrying his own name under the Marimekko brand.

The working experience was significant for the young designer and allowed Koski to develop his own signature style early in his career. Koski’s vision was well received, and in 2008 he became the Creative Director of the company.

In 2009, Koski moved on to start Samuji with the ambition to pursue a variety of creative projects. He began on his own but soon gathered a team of creative minds to help him with art direction, production, marketing, sales and finance. The first Samuji womenswear collection was launched in spring 2011.

Today, the company’s key areas are design and consulting. Samuji presents four womenswear collections annually, and a menswear line was introduced in fall 2013.


title: Sywell Country Park

abstract: Sywell Country Park exists on the site of a former drinking water reservoir near the village of Sywell in East Northamptonshire, England. The reservoir was built at the turn of the 20th century to supply water to the Higham Ferrers and Rushden areas. It operated between 1906 and 1979 and is now a country park run by Northamptonshire County Council. It has an area of 280,000 square metres. The land for the reservoir was purchased from the Stockdale family estate at adjoining Mears Ashby. The site includes a small tea room. There is also a project which aims to use both oral and written records to interpret the route of the water supply throughout the site.

text:
# Sywell Country Park

**Sywell Country Park** exists on the site of a former drinking water reservoir near the village of Sywell in East Northamptonshire, England.

The reservoir was built at the turn of the 20th century to supply water to the Higham Ferrers and Rushden areas. It operated between 1906 and 1979 and is now a country park run by Northamptonshire County Council. It has an area of 280,000 square metres. The land for the reservoir was purchased from the Stockdale family estate at adjoining Mears Ashby.

The site includes a small tea room. There is also a project which aims to use both oral and written records to interpret the route of the water supply throughout the site.

## Angling

The reservoir is considered as one of the leading tench fisheries in the country.

## InfoBox

| Sywell Reservoir | |
| --- | --- |
| Sywell Reservoir | |
| Sywell Reservoir | |
| Location | Northamptonshire |
| Coordinates | 52°16′52″N 0°46′55″W / 52.28111°N 0.78194°W / 52.28111; -0.78194 |
| Type | Reservoir |
| Basin countries | United Kingdom |


title: Konstantyna, Łódź Voivodeship

abstract: Konstantyna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rzgów, within Łódź East County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Rzgów and 11 km (7 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Konstantyna, Łódź Voivodeship

**Konstantyna** \[kɔnstanˈtɨna\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rzgów, within Łódź East County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Rzgów and 11 km (7 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

## Climate

Konstantyna has a humid continental climate (*Cfb* in the Köppen climate classification).

| Climate data for Konstantyna | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.3
(32.5) | 2.1
(35.8) | 6.9
(44.4) | 13.6
(56.5) | 18.5
(65.3) | 21.7
(71.1) | 23.7
(74.7) | 23.5
(74.3) | 18.6
(65.5) | 12.7
(54.9) | 7.2
(45.0) | 2.4
(36.3) | 12.6
(54.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.0
(28.4) | −0.8
(30.6) | 3.0
(37.4) | 8.9
(48.0) | 14.0
(57.2) | 17.5
(63.5) | 19.5
(67.1) | 19.1
(66.4) | 14.5
(58.1) | 9.3
(48.7) | 4.7
(40.5) | 0.4
(32.7) | 9.0
(48.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.5
(23.9) | −3.9
(25.0) | −1.0
(30.2) | 3.8
(38.8) | 8.9
(48.0) | 12.5
(54.5) | 14.8
(58.6) | 14.5
(58.1) | 10.4
(50.7) | 6.1
(43.0) | 2.3
(36.1) | −1.7
(28.9) | 5.2
(41.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 48
(1.9) | 44
(1.7) | 52
(2.0) | 51
(2.0) | 74
(2.9) | 72
(2.8) | 96
(3.8) | 66
(2.6) | 62
(2.4) | 48
(1.9) | 48
(1.9) | 51
(2.0) | 712
(27.9) |
| Source: https://en.climate-data.org/europe/poland/łodz-voivodeship/konstantyna-910691/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Konstantyna | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| Konstantyna | |
| Coordinates: 51°41′37″N 19°30′40″E / 51.69361°N 19.51111°E / 51.69361; 19.51111 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Łódź East |
| Gmina | Rzgów |


abstract: Canton Township is one of twenty-six townships in Fulton County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2020 census, its population was 14,217 and it contained 6,284 housing units.

text:
# Canton Township, Fulton County, Illinois

**Canton Township** is one of twenty-six townships in Fulton County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2020 census, its population was 14,217 and it contained 6,284 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Canton Township has a total area of 35.64 square miles (92.31 km2), of which 34.74 square miles (89.98 km2) (or 97.47%) is land and 0.90 square miles (2.33 km2) (or 2.53%) is water.

### Cities, towns, villages

### Unincorporated towns

(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Cemeteries

The township contains these seven cemeteries: Greenwood, Hanson, Johnson, Norris, Saint Josephs, Saint Marys and White Chapel.

### Major highways

### Airports and landing strips

* Ingersoll Airport

### Lakes

* Van Winkle Lake

### Landmarks

* Big Creek Park
* Graham Hosp

## Demographics

As of the 2020 census there were 14,217 people, 5,601 households, and 3,146 families residing in the township. The population density was 398.92 inhabitants per square mile (154.02/km2). There were 6,284 housing units at an average density of 176.32 per square mile (68.08/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 85.74% White, 7.56% African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 2.70% from other races, and 3.45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.56% of the population.

There were 5,601 households, out of which 23.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.72% were married couples living together, 7.48% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 43.83% were non-families. 36.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.81.

The township's age distribution consisted of 16.5% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 27.5% from 45 to 64, and 21.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 122.8 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $45,836, and the median income for a family was $60,896. Males had a median income of $45,208 versus $23,565 for females. The per capita income for the township was $29,994. About 13.9% of families and 18.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.6% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | 15,990 |  |  |
| 2010 | 15,703 |  | −1.8% |
| 2020 | 14,217 |  | −9.5% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

## School districts

* Canton Union School District 66

## Political districts

* "Canton Township, Fulton County, Illinois". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved January 16, 2010.
* United States Census Bureau 2007 TIGER/Line Shapefiles
* United States National Atlas

1. "Explore Census Data". *data.census.gov*. Retrieved January 22, 2023.
2. Bureau, US Census. "Gazetteer Files". *Census.gov*. Retrieved January 22, 2023. `{{cite web}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)
3. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.

## InfoBox

| Canton Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Location in Fulton County | |
| Fulton County's location in Illinois | |
| Coordinates: 40°34′54″N 90°02′47″W / 40.58167°N 90.04639°W / 40.58167; -90.04639 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| County | Fulton |
| Established | November 6, 1849 |
| Area | |
| Total | 35.64 sq mi (92.3 km2) |
| Land | 34.74 sq mi (90.0 km2) |
| Water | 0.90 sq mi (2.3 km2)  2.53% |
| Elevation | 676 ft (206 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 14,217 |
| Density | 400/sq mi (150/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP codes | 61427, 61520, 61531 |
| FIPS code | 17-057-11020 |


title: Eucithara monochoria

abstract: Eucithara monochoria is a small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

text:
# Eucithara monochoria

***Eucithara monochoria*** is a small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Description

The shell length attains 5 mm; its diameter 2 mm.

(Original description) The small, stout, solid shell has a biconical shape. Its colour is russet-brown, with a definite buff band on the shoulder covering three spirals, and a less definite buff band on the base. The penultimate, antepenultimate whorls, and varix also buff. The shell contains 6½ whorls, of which 2½ compose the sharply differentiated protoconch. Sculpture -The earlier whorls of the protoconch are smooth, and the last has about twenty delicate radial riblets. The ribs on the adult shell are broad, prominent, perpendicular, and discontinuous, at first eleven, at last nine. Both ribs and interstices are traversed by flat-topped elevated spirals, spaced more than their breadth apart, on the body whorl twenty-five, on the penultimate eight. The spirals are grained by the passage of fine radial striae. The aperture : A substantial varix stretches a free limb over the mouth. Beneath it are six small tubercles. On the inner lip are ten entering plaits.

## Distribution

This marine genus is endemic to Australia and occurs off Queensland

## InfoBox

| *Eucithara monochoria* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Original image of a shell of *Eucithara monochoria* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Mangeliidae |
| Genus: | *Eucithara* |
| Species: | ***E. monochoria*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eucithara monochoria***<br>Hedley, 1922 | |
|


title: San Silvestro, Orte

abstract: San Silvestro is a Romanesque-style deconsecrated Roman Catholic church located on Via Matteotti in the historic center of the town of Orte in the province of Viterbo, region of Lazio, Italy.

text:
# San Silvestro, Orte

**San Silvestro** is a Romanesque-style deconsecrated Roman Catholic church located on Via Matteotti in the historic center of the town of Orte in the province of Viterbo, region of Lazio, Italy.

## History

The church was founded in the 12th century, putatively with a facade defined in 1195 by Binellius. Separate from the nave, in a small garden is the square campanile, with mullioned windows. The interior of the church had been embellished over the centuries, but a 19th-century reconstruction led to the more spare interior seen today.

In 1967, the church was converted into the *Museo Diocesano e d'Arte Sacra* (Diocese Museum of Sacred Art). Along with other panels and altarpieces from religious institutions, it displays an 8th-century Byzantine mosaic of the Madonna derived from the Oratory of Pope John VII in Rome.

A column rescued from the refurbishment of the cathedral was erected in the piazza in front of the church.

42°27′37″N 12°23′11″E / 42.46020°N 12.38641°E / 42.46020; 12.38641


title: Emel Sayın

abstract: Emel Sayın is a Turkish singer and actress.

text:
# Emel Sayın

**Emel Sayın** (born 20 November 1945) is a Turkish singer and actress.

## Life

She was born in Şarkışla district of Sivas Province on 20 November 1945, to a father who immigrated from Skopje, and a mother from Mardin. Her parents moved frequently and she had to attend primary and secondary schools in various cities such as Kayseri, Konya and Edirne. Finally she graduated from Teachers College of Çapa in Istanbul. However by then, she had already chosen a career in music. Her ex boyfriend Tarık Akan, she played in films Mavi Boncuk, Yalancı Yarim, Feryat.

Emel Sayın married three times. Her first marriage was to İsmet Kasapoğlu in 1966. The couple divorced in 1975, but remarried a year later. Their marriage ended in 1979. From June 1979 to September 1981, she was married to Selçuk Aslan. Her third and final husband was David Younnes, whom she married in 1986 and divorced in 1999.

## Music career

After serving three years in Istanbul Municipal Conservatory she got on the stage in 1962 in Ankara while she was only 17. Next year she became a singer of Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT) for seven years. She then moved to İstanbul to sing in the music halls. She also created music albums. Her genre was Turkish classical music Later she began playing in the cinema and television films.

In 1998 she received the title state artist.

Before the Iranian Revolution (1978), she was present in Iranian cinema as an actress for a while, in addition to performing several live music. She also performed the famous song Gole Sangam with Ava Bahram during a joint concert in 2018 in Istanbul.

### Discography

Albums  * 1970: *Askin Kanunu*
* 1971: *Sus Sus Sus*
* 1971: *Gel Gel Gel*
* 1971: *Doyamadım Sana*
* 1972: *Son On Yılın En Sevilen On Şarkısı*
* 1975: *Emel Sayın 73*
* 1975: *Emel Sayın 74*
* 1975: *Emel Sayın 75*
* 1975: *Emel'in Dünyası*
* 1976: *Emel Sayın 76*
* 1977: *Emel Sayın (İran)*
* 1978: *Sensiz Olmuyor*
* 1979: *Rüzgar*
* 1980: *Emel'in Seçtikleri*
* 1982: *Bir Şarkıdır Yalnızlığım*
* 1985: *Sevgiler Yağsın*
* 1986: *Sevgisiz Yaşayamam*
* 1988: *Sevdalılar*
* 1989: *Kanımda Kıvılcım*
* 1990: *Üzüldüğün Şeye Bak*
* 1991: *İstanbul Şarkıları*
* 1992: *Gücendim Sana*
* 1993: *El Bebek Gül Bebek*
* 1997: *Başroldeyim*
* 2000: *Ah Bu Şarkılar*
* 2000: *Dinle 2001*
* 2006: *Emel Sayın Münir Nurettin Söylüyor*

Singles * 2009: "Haylazım"
* 2011: "Mavi Boncuk"
* 2013: "Hep Bana"

## Acting career

Sayın, who has appeared in various movies and TV series throughout her career, was given the "Lifetime Achievement Award" at the 53rd International Antalya Film Festival in 2016.

### Filmography

#### Series

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | *Aşkım Aşkım* |  | The series was aired in 2001 and broadcast again in 2008. |
| 2008 | *Avrupa Yakası* | Guest appearance |  |
| 2009 | *Karınca Yuvası* |  |  |

#### Films

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1970 | *Şampiyon* | Emel Sayın |  |
| 1970 | *Eyvah* |  |  |
| 1971 | *Makber* |  |  |
| | *Hicran* |  |  |
| | *Feride* | Feride |  |
| 1972 | *Süreyya* | Süreyya |  |
| | *Gülüzar* | Pervin |  |
| | Feryat |  |  |
| 1973 | *Yalancı Yarim* | Alev |  |
| | *Düşman* | Helga |  |
| 1974 | *Mavi Boncuk* | Emel Sayın | She also performed the main song for the movie's soundtrack. |
| | *Hasret* | Alev Sayın |  |
| 1976 | *Çam Sakızı* |  |  |
| 1977 | *Acı Hatıralar* | Emel |  |
| 1980 | *Rüzgar* | Emel |  |
| 2007 | *Beyaz Melek* | Emel Sayın |  |
| 2013 | *Düğün Dernek* | Cameo |  |

| External videos | |
| --- | --- |
| Feride (an example of one her recent songs) | |

## InfoBox

| Emel Sayın | |
| --- | --- |
| Sayın in 2014 | |
| Background information | |
| Born | (1945-11-20) 20 November 1945<br>Şarkışla, Sivas, Turkey |
| Genres | Turkish music |
| Occupation(s) | Singer, actress |
| Years active | 1962–present |


title: Filipinos in India

abstract: Filipinos living in India consists of migrants from the Philippines to India. As of March 2013, there are about 3,500 Filipinos living in the country. They form one of the largest expat minorities in India.

text:
# Filipinos in India

**Filipinos living in India** consists of migrants from the Philippines to India. As of March 2013, there are about 3,500 Filipinos living in the country. They form one of the largest expat minorities in India.

## Employment

Most Filipinos in India work in companies in the information technology industry. They would be managers, trainees on a limited schedule, or connected in key and sensitive positions. There are also others working in other industries such as engineering, hospitality as well as foreign or diplomatic relations.

There are smaller numbers of Filipinos also working as musicians, bands and singers working in the best nightspots in India as well as teachers in specific schools.

## Distribution

Many of them live in cities such as Chennai, New Delhi, Kochi and Mumbai. There are about 70 Filipinos living in Chennai, and they come together for early Christmas celebrations every year in Nandambakkam, where they celebrate in the traditional Filipino way. There is also a Filipino film festival in Chennai. The 10-day film festival is being jointly organised by the Madras Film Society, Embassy of the Philippines in New Delhi, and the International Cine-Appreciation Foundation (ICAF).

Mumbai is home to about 90 Filipino residents and most of them are married to Indian nationals. Many Filipinos who met their Malayali spouses while working in the Arab States of the Persian Gulf have settled in the state of Kerala.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

Filipinos in India
| Total population | |
| --- | --- |
| 3,500 | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Chennai **·**  Kochi **·**  New Delhi **·**  Mumbai **·**  Hyderabad **·** Bangalore **·**  Kolkata **·**  Lucknow **·**  Visakhapatnam **·**  Indore **·**  Amritsar **·**  Ahmedabad | |
| Languages | |
| English **·** Tagalog **·** Cebuano **·** Telugu **·** Kannada **·** Marathi **·** Gujarati **·** Punjabi **·** Tamil **·** Malayalam **·**  Hindi | |
| Religion | |
| <br>Christianity **·**  Roman Catholicism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Overseas Filipino | |


title: Royal Arcade, London

abstract: The Royal Arcade, located in Mayfair, London, is a Victorian era shopping arcade that runs from 12 Albemarle Street to 28 Old Bond Street. Completed in 1880, it was designed by architects Archer & Green and is Grade II listed.

text:
# Royal Arcade, London

The **Royal Arcade**, located in Mayfair, London, is a Victorian era shopping arcade that runs from 12 Albemarle Street to 28 Old Bond Street. Completed in 1880, it was designed by architects Archer & Green and is Grade II listed.

## History

Development of an arcade in the area was originally proposed in 1864 as a longer link between Old Bond Street and Regent Street, but was rejected due to the scale of proposed demolition and restriction of access to existing properties. A subsequent redesigned proposal was submitted with its current layout, and the arcade as it appears today opening in 1880.

With its saddled glass roof and decorated stucco arches, curved glass shop fronts with Ionic columns, the arcade has changed little in the intervening 138 years and retains all its original features, making it a rare original Victorian arcade.

Originally called *The Arcade*, it acquired its royal prefix when shirtmaker H. W. Brettell was patronised by Queen Victoria in the early 1880s. William Hodgson Brettell opened his shirtmakers in The Arcade in 1880 (aged 24) and occupied number 12.

The Royal Arcade has been used as a location for TV and film, including The Parent Trap (1998), *Miss Pettigrew Lives for a Day* (2008), *Balletboyz* (2013) for Channel 4 and in 2016 *Film Stars Don’t Die in Liverpool*. Parts of Agatha Christie's Poirot episode *The Theft of the Royal Ruby* were also filmed there.

## Shops in 2017

* Charbonnel et Walker, 1&2
* Simon Griffen Antiques, 3
* Watch Club, 4&5
* EB Meyrowitz Optician, 6
* Calleija Jewellery, 7
* Camper, 8-10
* Cartujano, 11
* Ormonde Jayne, 12
* George Cleverley, 13
* Beards Jewellers, 14
* Erskine, Hall & Coe, 15

Burlington Arcade – another nearby arcade in Mayfair

51°30′32″N 0°08′29″W / 51.5090°N 0.1415°W / 51.5090; -0.1415


title: Synaptic gating

abstract: Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly, and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action. Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized and a depolarized resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.

text:
# Synaptic gating

**Synaptic gating** is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).

Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.

## Gated synapse model

The model for gated synapses was originally derived from the model electronic circuit, in which the gatekeeper serves as a transistor in a circuit. In a circuit, a transistor can act as a switch that turns an electrical signal on or off. In addition, a transistor can serve to amplify an existing current in a circuit. In effect, the gatekeeper neuron acts as the transistor of a gated synapse by modulating the transmission of the signal between the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons.

In a model gated synapse, the gate is either open or closed by default. The gatekeeper neuron, therefore, serves as an external switch to the gate at the synapse of two other neurons. One of these neurons provides the input signal and the other provides the output signal. It is the role of the gatekeeper neuron to regulate the transmission of the input to the output. When activated, the gatekeeper neuron alters the polarity of the presynaptic axon to either open or close the gate. If this neuron depolarizes the presynaptic axon, it allows the signal to be transmitted. Thus, the gate is open. Hyperpolarization of the presynaptic axon closes the gate. Just like in a transistor, the gatekeeper neuron turns the system on or off; it affects the output signal of the postsynaptic neuron. Whether it is turned on or off is dependent on the nature of the input signal (either excitatory or inhibitory) from the presynaptic neuron.

## Inhibition

### Modulation of interneurons

Gating can occur by shunting inhibition in which inhibitory interneurons change the membrane conductance of an excitatory target axon, thereby diffusing its excitatory signal. A gating signal from the gatekeeper triggers these inhibitory interneurons in order to prevent one set of neurons from firing even when stimulated by another set. In this state, the gate is closed. Examples of this kind of gating have been found in visual cortical neurons and areas of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in primates that may be responsible for suppressing irrelevant stimuli. Studies suggest that this kind of inhibition can be attributed in part to GABA receptor-mediated synapses.

In order for these inhibitory interneurons to act upon their targets, they must receive input from a gatekeeper signal that stimulates them. This input can be either intrinsic, extrinsic or both. Extrinsic input comes from an area of the brain anatomically and functionally distinct from a given circuit, while intrinsic input is released from parts if the circuit itself. Generally, this input occurs in the form of neuromodulatory substances, such as hormones, neuropeptides and other neurotransmitters that have been released from incoming neurons. These signals then converge on the gatekeeper, where they are integrated and directed toward the target. Depending on the circuit, gate signals may arrive from different brain areas. For example, studies have shown that the entorhinal cortex may gate areas of the medial PFC, thereby inhibiting them from projecting to other brain areas.

Additional research has shown that the thalamus can also act as a source for gating signals. In the pathway between the PFC and the hippocampus, stimulation of mediodorsal thalamic neurons, as well as stimulation of ventral tegmental area neurons inhibited PFC neuron firing. These inhibitory effects were shown to be modulated by various dopamine receptor antagonists, which implies some role of dopamine as a neuromodulatory agent in this circuit.

### Role in spatial attention

Due to the brain's limited capacity to process information, it becomes necessary that the brain have the ability filter out unnecessary information, and select important information. Input, especially to the visual field, competes for selective attention. Models for gating mechanisms in the process of attention have been explored by many groups of researchers, however, a consensus on the role of synaptic gating in attention has not been reached.

### Role in working memory

Gating mechanisms in the basal ganglia have been linked to our ability to filter irrelevant information and access relevant information from working memory. In this instance, the gatekeeping function is the responsibility of the thalamus. It opens the gate between two areas in the cortex, allowing for the influence of stimuli in working memory. The thalamus, however, is tonically inhibited by the basal ganglia. Activation within the basal ganglia will allow for the disinhibition of the thalamus and thus, the opening of the gate.

## Permissive gating

The firing of an action potential, and consequently the release of neurotransmitters, occurs by this gating mechanism. In synaptic gating, in order for an action potential to occur, there must be more than one input to produce a single output in the neuron being gated. The interaction between these sets of neurons creates a biological AND gate. The neuron being gated is bistable and must be brought to the up state before it can fire an action potential. When this bistable neuron is in the up state, the gate is open. A gatekeeper neuron is responsible for stimulating the bistable neuron by shifting it from a down state to an up state and thus, opening the gate. Once the gate is open, an excitatory neuron can cause the bistable neuron to further depolarize and reach threshold causing and action potential to occur. If the gatekeeper does not shift the bistable neuron from down to up, the excitatory neuron will not be able to fire an action potential in the bistable neuron. Both the gatekeeper neuron and excitatory neuron are necessary to fire an action potential in the bistable neuron, but neither is sufficient to do so alone.

An example of this type of gating may occur in the nucleus accumbens. Studies have shown hippocampal neurons may gate the transmission of signals between the prefrontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens. Stimulation of the prefrontal cortical neurons has a very small chance of eliciting an action potential in the nucleus accumbens while those neurons are in the down state. Likewise, stimulation of hippocampal neurons fails to produce action potentials in the nucleus accumbens; however, these hippocampal neurons have been shown to switch their targets in the nucleus accumbens to the up state. As long as these neurons remain in the up state, stimulation of prefrontal cortical neurons has a much higher likelihood of producing action potentials in the nucleus accumbens. Thus, the hippocampus serves as the gatekeeper for information flow from the prefrontal cortex to the nucleus accumbens, such that its action permissively gates these synapses.

Synaptic gating involves a variety of mechanisms by which the efficacy of neuronal activity is modulated. Additional studies demonstrate the permissive properties of synaptic gating. In certain instances, membrane depolarization will cause an opening of the gates that previously had an inhibitory effect on the neuron they were gating. This permissive gating is more than a matter of simple summation, however. Summation is the convergence of many EPSPs at the axon hillock (either from a single neuron firing at a high frequency or from many neurons firing at once) that depolarizes the membrane potential to the point of threshold. The membrane depolarization caused by the opening of synaptic gates causes an additional increase in intracellular calcium that facilitates the release of neurotransmitters; thus, it is able to selectively distribute information from the presynaptic cell.

## Disease

### Comorbidity of ADHD and anxiety

Studies of children diagnosed with ADHD have shown considerably higher scores on the Anxious/Depressed scale of the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist, which implies a comorbidity of ADHD and anxiety. It has been suggested that impaired synaptic gating processes in the nucleus accumbens are the underlying cause of this comorbidity. This defect causes a reduction in synaptic gating of dopamine input from the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus on the nucleus accumbens. One theory supposes that this defect reduces the individual's ability to selectively inhibit fear responses from the amygdala, leading to anxiety. There are several theories, however, on how this impairment ultimately affects those with ADHD.

In studies with rodents, the prefrontal cortex, specifically the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been implicated in the processing of information lasting from milliseconds to several seconds, while the hippocampus has been implicated in the processing of information for longer time scales – such as minutes to hours. Damage to both these areas in people with ADHD seems to illustrate why they exhibit inattentiveness and impulsiveness. Nucleus accumbens neurons are bistable and thus can be selectively gated to either an "up" – depolarized state or a "down" – hyperpolarized state. Nucleus accumbens neurons are gated by hippocampal and amygdala input and this creates a depolarized accumbens neuron that is more receptive to innervation from input from the prefrontal cortex. Thus, in patients with ADHD not only is the input from the prefrontal cortex to the nucleus accumbens reduced but in addition the gating input from the hippocampus to the nucleus accumbens is also reduced leading to a reduction in activation of the nucleus accumbens neurons. Individuals that take medication such as methylphenidate (Ritalin) will increase their dopamine (DA) output along many of these synapses helping to compensate in the loss of synaptic activity generated from the pathophysiology of ADHD. Taking methylphenidate can increase DA projections to the nucleus accumbens, which can not only act to increase synaptic activity between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (improving memory) but also act as a reward system as the nucleus accumbens is part of the mesolimbic pathway. Moreover, it is possibly why individuals on Ritalin have a “need” and “desire” to learn as it acts as a positive reinforcer in the brain. In addition, this reward circuitry activation is most likely a reason why methylphenidate is highly addictive and carries great dependence. In conclusion, synaptic gating illustrates a plausible mechanism by which ADHD medication like Ritalin modulates synaptic activity and memory.

### Schizophrenia

People who suffer from schizophrenia often exhibit an inability to illustrate context-dependent memory, an inability to show affective valence – proper emotions, and an inability for attentional and temporal processes. Synaptic gating seems to illustrate why all of these inabilities develop. In particular, hippocampal input into the nucleus accumbens, a region of the basal ganglia, acts as a gate creating a more depolarized up state within the accumbens neurons allowing them to be more receptive to innervation from the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In addition, amygdala input, in much the same way, acts as a gate creating a more depolarized state within the accumbens neurons although this depolarized state is much more transient. All in all, nucleus accumbens neurons are bistable. People with schizophrenia have damage to the hippocampus and amygdala illustrating improper gating and resulting in nucleus accumbens neurons being in the down position. This is why people with schizophrenia display an inability for context-dependent memory and their inability to show proper affective valence. In addition, because accumbens neurons are in the down position they are not as receptive to PFC stimulation and therefore people with schizophrenia show problems with attentional deficits. The gating theory of schizophrenia posits a bistable nucleus accumbens neuron that when gated improperly leads to a wealth of behavioral and memory deficits.

## Current and future research

Current research now has shed light on the fact that the bistability of a neuron may be part of a larger bistable neural network. Evidence of a bistable network has been shown with the interneurons of the auditory cortex. The stable states of this auditory cortex network are either synchronous or antisynchronous, which illustrates its bistable nature. When auditory interneurons were coupled with electrical and chemical inhibitory synapses, a bimodal firing pattern was observed. This bimodal pattern illustrates the bistability of the network to fire at either a synchronous or antisynchronous state. These two states could be modes by which an individual perceives different frequencies in sound waves. Future research is looking into whether this bistable network embodies many of the properties of a bistable neuron, and if there is a larger gatekeeper modulating the network as a whole.

It has been shown that nucleus accumbens neurons are capable of being gated because they are bistable. Recent evidence has shown that neurons in the cortex are also bistable, and thus also able to be gated. There appear to be three different types of gating circuits – one that is controlled by the cortex, one that is controlled by the association nuclei in the thalamus, and one that is controlled by circuits spanning the basal ganglia, cortex, and the thalamus. Strong evidence has concluded that gating from thalamus impacts the prefrontal cortex response from the hippocampus. This is seen as either an enhancement or a suppression illustrating the bistability of the process. It has been proven that nucleus accumbens neurons act as a gate yet do the neurons in the cortex act in the same manner? Future research will look at similarities between the two sets of bistable neurons. In addition, the mechanism of shifting the bistable neurons to their “down” state needs to be expanded upon. This state leads to inhibition and thus are their inhibitory interneurons that modulate this shift and if so are inhibitory neurotransmitters such as GABA involved? Lastly, neurons capable of modulating gates such as hippocampal and thalamic neurons can contact many different areas of the brain. With increasing research saying that neurons in the cortex, nucleus accumbens, and cerebellum are all able to be gated, can the hippocampus modulate the signals for all of these and if so can it connect these different brain areas into a much larger neural network capable of being modulated all at once? These are the questions at the heart of synaptic gating in the future.


title: Konstanty Zamoyski Palace

abstract: The Konstanty Zamoyski Palace is a historic building on ulica Foksal in Warsaw, Poland.

text:
# Konstanty Zamoyski Palace

The **Konstanty Zamoyski Palace** (Polish: *Pałac Konstantego Zamoyskiego*; *Pałac Zamoyskich*) is a historic building on *ulica Foksal* in Warsaw, Poland.

## History

Prior to the construction of the Zamoyski Palace, the grounds had been dedicated for a Vauxhall Gardens-style parkland. In 1870 Konstanty Zamoyski became the grounds' owner.

The palace was built to architect Leonard Marconi's Renaissance Revival design. It comprises a main corpus and two perpendicular wings, to either side, flanking a courtyard. The driveway to Foksal Street is closed by a late-Baroque gate.

During World War II, the palace was slightly damaged. In 1949 the building complex was transferred to the Association of Polish Architects (*Stowarzyszenie Architektów Polskich*). The palace has also housed the Association of Polish Painters and Graphic Artists (*Związek Polskich Artystów Malarzy i Grafików*).

The palace now houses the Association of Polish Architects, the Association of House Builders, and the restaurant and club *Endorfina Foksal*.

## InfoBox

| Konstanty Zamoyski Palace | |
| --- | --- |
| *Pałac Konstantego Zamoyskiego* | |
| Location | Warsaw, Mazowsze Province, Poland |
| Coordinates | 52°14′04″N 21°01′26″E / 52.23444°N 21.02389°E / 52.23444; 21.02389 |
| Built | 1879 |
| Architect | Leandro Marconi |
| Architectural style(s) | Renaissance Revival |
|  | |
| Location of Konstanty Zamoyski Palace in Warsaw | |


title: Canal Vasco

abstract: Canal Vasco was the name that the Euskal Irrati Telebista group used to broadcast its international television channel, ETB Sat, via satellite and CATV operators in the Americas, until they were both merged into ETB Basque on 1 January 2021. This channel brought Basque-language television and Basque culture to the large Basque community residing in the Americas, as well as other citizens of these areas. Its programming was based primarily on self-produced content from the domestic flagship channels ETB 1 and ETB 2.

text:
# Canal Vasco

**Canal Vasco** ("Basque channel" in Spanish) was the name that the Euskal Irrati Telebista group used to broadcast its international television channel, ETB Sat, via satellite and CATV operators in the Americas, until they were both merged into ETB Basque on 1 January 2021.

This channel brought Basque-language television and Basque culture to the large Basque community residing in the Americas, as well as other citizens of these areas. Its programming was based primarily on self-produced content from the domestic flagship channels ETB 1 and ETB 2.

## InfoBox

Canal Vasco
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Spain |
| Broadcast area | Americas
Worldwide |
| Network | ETB |
| Headquarters | Bilbao, Basque Country |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | Basque and Spanish |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | EiTB |
| Sister channels | ETB 1
ETB 2
ETB 3
ETB 4
ETB Sat |
| History | |
| Launched | March 2001 (2001-03) |
| Links | |
| Website | eitb.eus/en |
| Availability | |
|  | |
| Streaming media | |
| eitb.eus | Live streaming |
|  | |


title: John Ducker

abstract: John Patrick Ducker AO, Australian labour leader and politician, played a leading role in the Australian labour movement and the Labor Party for 20 years.

text:
# John Ducker

**John Patrick Ducker** AO (29 March 1932 – 25 November 2005), Australian labour leader and politician, played a leading role in the Australian labour movement and the Labor Party for 20 years.

## Background

Ducker was born in Kingston upon Hull, in northern England, the son of a bus driver, and worked on the docks from the age of 14. He migrated to Australia with his family in 1950, and became an ironworker and active in the Federated Ironworkers Association, at that time controlled by the Communist Party of Australia. Ducker, a convert to Catholicism, was a strong anti-Communist and became a supporter of B. A. Santamaria's Industrial Groups, which campaigned successfully to overturn the Communist control of the union.

## Career

From 1952, Ducker was an official of the union under the new anti-Communist leader, Laurie Short (a non-Catholic). When the Labor Party split in 1955 over the related issues of Communism and the role of Santamaria's "Movement" within the party, Ducker did not follow many other Catholic anti-Communists into the Democratic Labor Party, but remained in the Labor Party, becoming a leading figure in the party's right wing. His characteristic North English accent led to him becoming known as "Broovver Dooker" throughout the movement.

In 1961, Ducker moved from the Ironworkers to the Labor Council of New South Wales, becoming first an organiser and in 1975 becoming secretary. In 1972, he was appointed a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council. He was also president of the New South Wales Labor Party and vice-president of the Australian Council of Trade Unions. In these positions he supported successive New South Wales Labor leaders such as Pat Hills, Neville Wran and Barrie Unsworth (also a Catholic convert). In 1973, he was the main organiser of the leadership coup which replaced Hills as leader with Wran, who went on to become Premier of New South Wales for ten years.

Ducker was also a powerful supporter of Federal Labor Leader Gough Whitlam in his battles with the left wing of the Labor Party during the 1960s. In 1970, Ducker was a leading figure in the internal crisis in the Labor Party that cemented Whitlam's leadership. Convinced of the need to remove the left-wing controllers of the Victorian branch of the party if Labor was to win the 1972 federal election, Ducker did a deal with the left-wing leader Clyde Cameron, under which the right shared power with the left in the New South Wales branch in exchange for Cameron's support for the reform of the Victorian branch.

According to historian C. J. Coventry, Ducker was a "prolific informer" for the United States of American throughout the 1970s, providing inside-information about the Labor Party and the ACTU. During this time Ducker secretly helped the United States resolve industrial disputes. For example, when Frank Sinatra insulted women journalists, causing a nationwide boycott of the singer, Ducker worked with the Ambassador and ACTU President Bob Hawke to bring about a quick resolution.

He had a long association with Mater Maria Catholic College.

In 1979, Ducker's health declined and he resigned all his official positions, but Wran appointed him chairman of the New South Wales Public Service Board. He remained a powerful influence behind the scenes, supporting younger Labor leaders such as Graham Richardson, Bob Carr and Paul Keating. He was made an Officer of the Order of Australia in 1979, and the Catholic Church awarded him a Papal knighthood. He was also appointed to several company boards, including Qantas and the poker machine giant Aristocrat Leisure Industries.

## Community

Ducker was appointed (1988–2000) as both the NSW chair of the Duke of Edinburgh's International Award – Australia and a national board director.

## InfoBox

| The HonourableJohn DuckerAO | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Legislative Council of New South Wales | |
| **In office**
29 February 1972  5 September 1979 | |
| President, Labor Party (New South Wales) | |
| **In office**
1972–1979 | |
| Succeeded by | Paul Keating |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1932-03-29)29 March 1932
Kingston upon Hull, England |
| Died | 25 November 2005(2005-11-25) (aged 73)
Sydney, Australia |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Political party | Labor Party |
| Spouse | Valerie Ducker |
| Children | 2 (male), 1 (female) |
| Occupation | Union organiser |
|  | |


title: San Silvestro, Pisa

abstract: San Silvestro is a former church in Pisa, Italy, facing piazza San Silvestro. It is now deconsecrated.

text:
# San Silvestro, Pisa

**San Silvestro** is a former church in Pisa, Italy, facing piazza San Silvestro. It is now deconsecrated.

## History

In 1118, the religious structure was given to the Benedictines from Montecassino. In the 14th century it came into Dominican hands. The present façade was built in 1770-1772 by the architects Giuseppe Vaccà and Anton Francesco Quarantotti.

The façade once featured a sculptured 12th century architrave with *Story of San Silvestro*, now found in the National Museum of San Matteo, Pisa, along with other works from this church. The two statues of *Saints Domenico* and *Silvestro* are works by Giovanni Antonio Cybei. The wooden ceiling inside was carved in 1612 by Cosimo Pugliani, and has paintings by Aurelio Lomi.

## Sources

* Barsali, U.; U. Castelli; R. Gagetti; O. Parra (1999). *Storia e Capolavori di Pisa*. Florence: Bonechi.
* Donati, Roberto. *Pisa. Arte e storia*. Narni: Plurigraf.

## InfoBox

| Church of San Silvestro | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Roman Catholic |
| Province | Pisa |
| Location | |
| Location | Pisa, Italy |
| Geographic coordinates | 43°42′51.26″N 10°24′35.26″E / 43.7142389°N 10.4097944°E / 43.7142389; 10.4097944 |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Church |
| Groundbreaking | 1118 |
| Completed | 1772 |


title: Corliss–Carrington House

abstract: The Corliss–Carrington House is a National Historic Landmark house at 66 Williams Street in the College Hill neighborhood of Providence, Rhode Island. Built in 1812, it is significant as a high-quality and well-preserved example of an Adamesque-Federal style town house.

text:
# Corliss–Carrington House

The **Corliss–Carrington House** is a National Historic Landmark house at 66 Williams Street in the College Hill neighborhood of Providence, Rhode Island. Built in 1812, it is significant as a high-quality and well-preserved example of an Adamesque-Federal style town house.

## Description

The house is a large three-story brick structure, trimmed in brownstone. The front facade is five bays wide, with corners trimmed with brownstone quoining. The window bays are also lined with quoining and topped by flat-arch brownstone with keystones. The center three bays of the front facade are sheltered by a two-story porch, supported on the first floor by fluted cast iron Corinthian columns, and on the second by fluted wooden Ionic columns. The main entrance is flanked by sidelight windows and topped by an elliptical fanlight.

The interior follows a typical Federal plan, with an expansive central hallway flanked by two rooms on each side. An archway with a leaded fanlight separates the immediate entry area from the spiral staircase that provides access to the second floor. The parlor to the right of the entry is the finest chamber, decorated with original Chinese-style wallpaper and elaborate woodwork, said to be the design of John Holden Greene. The fireplace mantels in this and other first-floor rooms are all Greek Revival replacements.

## History

The house was built in 1810–11 by John Corliss, a prominent Providence businessman, and was originally two stories in height. In 1812 it was purchased by Edward Carrington, who added the third floor and the front porch. The house remained in the Carrington family until 1936, when it was given to the Rhode Island School of Design. It was sold by the school to private owners in 1961, and is not open to the public.

It was declared a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.

On December 17, 2019, Rhode Island Businessman and former mayoral candidate, Lorne Adrain, announced the purchase of the home for use as the headquarters of his program "Global Fellows in Courage".

In 2023, the house was listed for sale with an asking price of $7.45 million.

## Images

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Corliss–Carrington House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. National Historic Landmark | |
| U.S. National Historic Landmark District
Contributing Property | |
|  | |
| Front elevation, 2008 | |
|  | |
| Location | 66 Williams Street
Providence, RI |
| Coordinates | 41°49′21″N 71°24′06″W / 41.82250°N 71.40167°W / 41.82250; -71.40167 |
| Built | 1812 |
| Architectural style | Federal |
| Part of | College Hill Historic District (ID70000019) |
| NRHP reference No. | 70000020 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | December 30, 1970 |
| Designated NHL | December 30, 1970 |


title: Emelda Okiro

abstract: Emelda Aluoch Okiro is a Kenyan public health researcher who is lead of the Population Health Unit at the Kenya Medical Research Institute–Wellcome Trust program in Kenya. She looks to understand the determinants of health transitions and to evaluate access to health information. She is a Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences.

text:
# Emelda Okiro

**Emelda Aluoch Okiro** (born 1977) is a Kenyan public health researcher who is lead of the Population Health Unit at the Kenya Medical Research InstituteWellcome Trust program in Kenya. She looks to understand the determinants of health transitions and to evaluate access to health information. She is a Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences.

## Early life and education

Okiro was born in Kenya, one of nine siblings. She went to school in Nairobi and Kitale. She was an undergraduate Egerton University, where she majored in biochemistry and chemistry. She completed her doctoral research between the Open University and University of Warwick, studying the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and how it is transmitted in the household and community. She collected data in Kilifi, where almost twenty thousand infants a year are hospitalised from RSV-induced pneumonia. She showed that saliva samples could be used to diagnose RSV, which would avoid the need for blood samples. After earning her doctorate, she moved to the University of Nairobi, where she worked on malaria. She studied how *plasmodium falciparum* varied in sites with different malaria endemicities. She moved to the University of Washington Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, where she worked on the Access, Bottlenecks, Costs and Equity (ABCE) project.

## Research and career

Okiro worked as a program officer at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, where she was based in the Global Health Team. She studied the impact of malaria control and anti-retroviral programs, and was responsible for setting up and coordinating the Malaria Modelling Consortium. She left the Foundation to work at the Philips Research Lab in Africa.

Okiro was appointed to the Population Health Unit at the Kenya Medical Research InstituteWellcome Trust in 2016. She is investigating the epidemiology of malaria, and works to strengthen the use of health data in policy making. She is interested in the spatial heterogeneity of child survival across Kenya. She was elected to the African Academy of Sciences in 2020.

In 2022, Okiro was one of five African researchers to be awarded a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship. That year she was made professor.

## Selected publications

* Wendy P O'Meara; Phillip Bejon; Tabitha W Mwangi; Emelda A Okiro; Norbert Peshu; Robert W. Snow; Charles R J C Newton; Kevin Marsh (1 November 2008). "Effect of a fall in malaria transmission on morbidity and mortality in Kilifi, Kenya". *The Lancet*. **372** (9649): 1555–1562. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61655-4. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 2607008. PMID 18984188. Wikidata Q37023420.
* Simon I Hay; Emelda A Okiro; Peter W Gething; Anand P Patil; Andrew J Tatem; Carlos A Guerra; Robert W Snow (June 2010). "Estimating the Global Clinical Burden of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in 2007". *PLOS MEDICINE*. **7** (6): e1000290. doi:10.1371/JOURNAL.PMED.1000290. ISSN 1549-1277. PMC 2885984. PMID 20563310. Wikidata Q17485684.
* Emelda A Okiro; Simon Iain Hay; Priscilla W Gikandi; Shahnaaz K Sharif; Abdisalan M Noor; Norbert Peshu; Kevin Marsh; Robert W. Snow (15 November 2007). "The decline in paediatric malaria admissions on the coast of Kenya". *Malaria Journal*. **6**: 151. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-6-151. ISSN 1475-2875. PMC 2194691. PMID 18005422. Wikidata Q36372814.

## Personal life

Okiro is on the International Advisory Board of *The Lancet*.

## InfoBox

| Emelda Aluoch Okiro | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1977 (age 4647) |
| Alma mater | Egerton University
Open University
University of Warwick |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | Kenya Medical Research Institute
University of Nairobi
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Kenya Medical Research Institute
Wellcome Trust |
| Thesis | *Transmission dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus within the household and the community* (2007) |
|  | |


abstract: The Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption (FICAC) is the country's mandated law enforcement agency to investigate and prosecute public sector corruption, as well as educate society on understanding and reporting corruption. It was established by the FICAC Act No 11 of 2007, and began operations in April of the same year. The Constitution of the Republic of Fiji stipulates that the Commission may investigate, institute and conduct criminal proceedings, take over investigations and criminal proceedings that fall under its responsibility and functions as prescribed by law, and which may have been initiated by another person or authority and discontinue, at any stage before judgment is delivered, criminal proceedings instituted or conducted by it. Until 2023 FICAC was headed by a Deputy Commissioner, who is appointed by the President of Fiji. In 2023 Mr Rashmi Aslam was appointed FICAC's first Commissioner. Mr Aslam was appointed Deputy Commissioner after the retirement of Mr George Langman in 2019. Mr Aslam served as the Acting Deputy Commissioner from April 2019 until his official appointment as the Deputy Commissioner in May 2020. Mr Aslam Resigned on the 5th of September 2023. On the 22 of September 2023 Ratu David Toganivalu was appointed Acting Commissioner but died on Sunday the 1st of October 2023. The position of Commissioner is currently vacant.

text:
# Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption

The **Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption** (FICAC) is the country's mandated law enforcement agency to investigate and prosecute public sector corruption, as well as educate society on understanding and reporting corruption.

It was established by the FICAC Act No 11 of 2007, and began operations in April of the same year.

The Constitution of the Republic of Fiji stipulates that the Commission may investigate, institute and conduct criminal proceedings, take over investigations and criminal proceedings that fall under its responsibility and functions as prescribed by law, and which may have been initiated by another person or authority and discontinue, at any stage before judgment is delivered, criminal proceedings instituted or conducted by it.

Until 2023 FICAC was headed by a Deputy Commissioner, who is appointed by the President of Fiji. In 2023 Mr Rashmi Aslam was appointed FICAC's first Commissioner. Mr Aslam was appointed Deputy Commissioner after the retirement of Mr George Langman in 2019. Mr Aslam served as the Acting Deputy Commissioner from April 2019 until his official appointment as the Deputy Commissioner in May 2020. Mr Aslam Resigned on the 5th of September 2023.  On the 22 of September 2023 Ratu David Toganivalu was appointed Acting Commissioner but died on Sunday the 1st of October 2023.   The position of Commissioner is currently vacant.

## Function

The FICAC Act No. 11 and the Prevention of Bribery Act No. 12 of 2007 gives the Commission unique powers to investigate, advise and prosecute cases involving public sector corruption.

The commission also has powers to investigate and prosecute breaches under the Crimes Act of 2009, Electoral (Registration of Voters) Act No. 54 of 2012, Political Parties Act No. 4 of 2013, and the Electoral Act of 2014. It is the primary objective of FICAC to promote the integrity and accountability of public administration and educating and enlisting public support to combat corruption.

FICAC acceded to the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) on 14 May 2008 and volunteered for a Pilot Review Program by Serbia and France in 2009.

In 2012, Fiji became one of the first 28 State Parties to be reviewed on its implementation of UNCAC by Bangladesh and the United States of America in a peer review process.

## FACE

The Fiji Anti-Corruption and Ethics Centre was created in 2017 to provide its viewers with access to anti-corruption information and education materials.

Visitors to the page can read and download annual reports, statistics, anti-corruption policies and all published work of the commission.

This online resource centre acts as an avenue for building a strong brand amongst its stakeholders and provide a platform for exchanging ideas and proposals to tackle corruption.

Anti-corruption policy templates available on this page can assist organisations who have yet to develop any system of internal controls to identify and prevent corruption.

The Commission acknowledges and realises that information is absolutely vital to creating a culture of empowerment and that once this is achieved, there will be more people speaking out and against corruption in the country.

## Reporting corruption

Anyone wishing to report suspected corrupt activity can visit the FICAC website to lodge it online.


title: Booger (film)

abstract: Booger is a 2023 American body horror comedy film written and directed by Mary Dauterman in her feature directorial debut. It stars Grace Glowicki, Garrick Bernard, Heather Matarazzo, and Marcia DeBonis. The film follows Anna (Glowicki), who, while grieving the unexpected death of her best friend and roommate Izzy, is bitten by their runaway cat Booger, causing Anna to undergo an unusual bodily transformation. Booger had its world premiere at the Fantasia International Film Festival on July 24, 2023, as part of the festival's "Underground" section. The film was received a limited theatrical release and be released on video-on-demand (VOD) on September 13, 2024.

text:
# Booger (film)

***Booger*** is a 2023 American body horror comedy film written and directed by Mary Dauterman in her feature directorial debut. It stars Grace Glowicki, Garrick Bernard, Heather Matarazzo, and Marcia DeBonis. The film follows Anna (Glowicki), who, while grieving the unexpected death of her best friend and roommate Izzy (Sofia Dobrushin), is bitten by their runaway cat Booger, causing Anna to undergo an unusual bodily transformation.

*Booger* had its world premiere at the Fantasia International Film Festival on July 24, 2023, as part of the festival's "Underground" section. The film was received a limited theatrical release and be released on video-on-demand (VOD) on September 13, 2024.

## Cast

## Production

*Booger* marks Dauterman's feature directorial debut; prior to *Booger*, Dauterman directed such short films as *Wakey, Wakey* (2019) and *Unfinished Business* (2020), the former of which screened at the Fantasia International Film Festival and Fantastic Fest in 2019. Dauterman described *Booger* as "a disgusting comedy about grief. Or a body horror that's funny and sad. Or a tragedy that makes you laugh and squirm. It's the nuanced story I wanted to tell about the joys of friendship, the pain of loss, and the dizzying search back to your center after a crisis."

## Release

*Booger* had its world premiere at the Fantasia International Film Festival in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on July 24, 2023, as part of the festival's "Underground" section. A second screening at the festival followed on July 26. In February 2024, it was announced that Dark Sky Films had acquired the US distribution rights to *Booger*. The film was released in limited theaters and on video-on-demand (VOD) on September 13, 2024.

## Reception

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 95% of 22 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 6.9/10.

J Hurtado of *Screen Anarchy* praised Dauterman's direction and Glowicki's performance, writing, "There are endless films and stories about grief, but none of them are like this one, and I have to assume that very few feature this number of graphic scenes of a human woman coughing up hairballs." *Collider*'s Maggie Lovitt gave the film a grade of "B+", calling it "a bold and refreshing journey into grief and the damaging effects of holding it in when it desperately wants to claw its way out."

Emily Gagne of *Dread Central* gave the film three out of five stars, complimenting Glowicki's performance while desiring to know more about the character of Izzy; Gagne concluded: "Like picking your nose, *Booger* is a film that will work for some and make others wholly uncomfortable." Nick Allen, writing for *RogerEbert.com*, described the film's story as "too slack, even for 75 minutes of movie", and concluded: "*Booger* could stand to have more going on as a character study, but the movie does have promise for Dauterman's animalistic cinema."

## InfoBox

| Booger | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Mary Dauterman |
| Written by | Mary Dauterman |
| Produced by | Lexi Tannenholtz |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Kenny Suleimanagich |
| Edited by | Kyle Moriarty |
| Music by | Zoe Polanski |
| Production<br>companies |  |
| Distributed by | Dark Sky Films |
| Release dates | * July 24, 2023 (2023-07-24) (Fantastic Fest) * September 13, 2024 (2024-09-13) (United States) |
| Running time | 78 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Business (film)

abstract: Business is a 1960 French film directed by Maurice Boutel and starring Colette Renard, Pierre Doris and Marcel Charvey.

text:
# Business (film)

***Business*** is a 1960 French film directed by Maurice Boutel and starring Colette Renard, Pierre Doris and Marcel Charvey.

## Cast

1. Rège p.137

## Bibliography

* Philippe Rège. *Encyclopedia of French Film Directors, Volume 1*. Scarecrow Press, 2009.

## InfoBox

| Business | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Maurice Boutel |
| Written by | Maurice Boutel |
| Produced by | Maurice Boutel |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Enzo Riccioni |
| Edited by | Paul Cayatte |
| Music by | Raymond Legrand |
| Release date | * 13 January 1960 (1960-01-13) |
| Running time | 87 minutes |
| Country | France |
| Language | French |


title: Konobougou

abstract: Konobougou is commune in the Cercle of Barouéli in the Ségou Region of southern-central Mali. As of 1998 the commune had a population of 26,084, growing to 37,236 in the 2009 census.

text:
# Konobougou

**Konobougou** is commune in the Cercle of Barouéli in the Ségou Region of southern-central Mali. As of 1998 the commune had a population of 26,084, growing to 37,236 in the 2009 census.

## InfoBox

| Konobougou | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune and town | |
| KonobougouLocation in Mali | |
| Coordinates: 12°55′N 6°46′W / 12.917°N 6.767°W / 12.917; -6.767 | |
| Country | Mali |
| Region | Ségou Region |
| Cercle | Barouéli Cercle |
| Population (1998) | |
| Total | 26,084 |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |


title: Canalizations of Zenobia

abstract: The Canalizations of Zenobia or El Kanat are canals that according to traditions, were built by Queen Zenobia to channel water from the Orontes river in the Anti-Lebanon mountains to Palmyra. Remains of the ruins of the canals can be seen in places around Lebanon.

text:
# Canalizations of Zenobia

The **Canalizations of Zenobia** or **El Kanat** are canals that according to traditions, were built by Queen Zenobia to channel water from the Orontes river in the Anti-Lebanon mountains to Palmyra. Remains of the ruins of the canals can be seen in places around Lebanon.

## History

Some of the canals were built in the second century during Hadrian's time, when the region was fully under Roman rule. There are bridges over canals, still standing from Roman times.

It has been suggested that one of the canals originated from a mountain near Labweh extending to Qusayr. The other extends from the village of Chawaghir, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) north of Hermel. The canals were cut out of solid limestone bedrock to a depth of 20 metres (66 ft) with wells approximately every 100 metres (330 ft).

Probably Queen Zenobia extended the original canals, in order to bring water to the nearly 200,000 inhabitants of the city and surroundings when she ruled her kingdom.

The canals were used until the Arab conquest, when they were destroyed.

## Data

One of the canals is suggested to originate from a mountain near Labweh extending to Qusayr. Labweh has several archaeological sites of interest including three old caves with Roman-Byzantine sarcophagi and the remains of a temple. There are also remains of a Byzantine bastion and a Roman dam suggested to date to the reign of Queen Zenobia. Legend suggests that channels were carved through the rock to send water to her lands in Palmyra, Syria.

Another canal extends from the village of Chawaghir, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) north of Hermel. The canals - until the outskirts of Palmyra - were cut out of solid limestone bedrock to a depth of 20 metres (66 ft) with wells approximately every 100 metres (330 ft).

Archaeologist Diana Kirkbride wrote:

> Among the remains to be found around Hermel one may see the canalizations of Zenobia, queen of Palmyra. Two of them hewn in the rock supplied the city of Palmyra in the desert with water from the Orontes. They were dug at a depth of twenty meters and were connected with wells dug at every hundred meters, channeling the water off to Palmyra, the short-lived capital of Queen Zenobia.

The traditional suggestion that the canals were originally constructed during the brief reign of Zenobia has been treated as probable -but not sure- by Michael Alouf, who notes the existence of canals traces in the desert.


title: Eugen Lindner

abstract: Eugen Lindner was a German composer, notably of opera. A friend of Richard Strauss and Gustav Mahler, he was an important figure in musical scene in Weimar before the First World War. Lindner's earlier career was spent in Leipzig, where his recently completed opera Ramiro was first staged in September 1886 at the Neues Stadttheater, with Mahler conducting in his own first season there. Lindner was a pupil of Edmund Abesser and Gustav Kogel for the piano; of Volck and Friedrich Stack in composition and of Franz Götze in singing and, at the age of twenty, became a chorus master in his home town. He quickly allied himself stylistically with Wagner and began to conduct Wagner's works. He was also in demand as a singer and as a singing teacher but began to turn his attention more and more to composition. Eventually he was nominated as a Court (Imperial) Professor of Music in Weimar. Other works include the operas Der Meisterdieb (1889), to a libretto by Gustav Kastroff and the composer after Arthur Fitger's poem, and the unstaged opera Eldena. He produced many songs for voice and piano in a romantic and dramatic, sometimes declamatory style, using post-Wagnerian harmony, mostly published by the Hermann Seemann Nachfolger Verlag to texts by such poets as Carl Busse, Ada Negri, Otto Roquette and Emil zu Schönaich-Carolath, whose almost exact contemporary he was. Lindner was sometimes attracted to exotic or eastern subjects, typified by the short song cycle "Lieder des Saidjah".

text:
# Eugen Lindner

**Eugen Lindner** (11 December 1858 in Leipzig – 12 November 1915 in Weimar) was a German composer, notably of opera. A friend of Richard Strauss and Gustav Mahler, he was an important figure in musical scene in Weimar before the First World War. Lindner's earlier career was spent in Leipzig, where his recently completed opera *Ramiro* was first staged in September 1886 at the Neues Stadttheater, with Mahler conducting in his own first season there.

Lindner was a pupil of Edmund Abesser and Gustav Kogel for the piano; of Volck and Friedrich Stack in composition and of Franz Götze in singing and, at the age of twenty, became a chorus master in his home town. He quickly allied himself stylistically with Wagner and began to conduct Wagner's works. He was also in demand as a singer and as a singing teacher but began to turn his attention more and more to composition. Eventually he was nominated as a Court (Imperial) Professor of Music in Weimar.

Other works include the operas *Der Meisterdieb* (*The Master Thief*) (1889), to a libretto by Gustav Kastroff and the composer after Arthur Fitger's poem, and the unstaged opera *Eldena*. He produced many songs (over sixty, some with orchestral arrangements) for voice and piano in a romantic and dramatic, sometimes declamatory style, using post-Wagnerian harmony, mostly published by the Hermann Seemann Nachfolger Verlag to texts by such poets as Carl Busse, Ada Negri, Otto Roquette and Emil zu Schönaich-Carolath, whose almost exact contemporary he was.

Lindner was sometimes attracted to exotic or eastern subjects, typified by the short song cycle "Lieder des Saidjah".

## Sources

Songs of Eugen Lindner


title: San Silvestro, Troina

abstract: San Silvestro is a Roman Catholic parish church located on Via Sccaone, along SS120, in the town of Troina, in the province of Enna, region of Sicily, Italy.

text:
# San Silvestro, Troina

**San Silvestro** is a Roman Catholic parish church located on Via Sccaone, along SS120, in the town of Troina, in the province of Enna, region of Sicily, Italy.

## History and description

A small church at this site, dedicated to St Bartholemew was present by the 13th-century; in this century, the tomb and body of St Silvester of Troina, a basilian monk and patron of the town, were putatively discovered. The church was granted to the Confraternity of San Silvestro in 1436. A new church was erected and the saint is now buried in the chapel crypt. The present church is the result of refurbishment in the 19th century. A central nave is separated from the aisles by solid stone columns with Corinthian capitals. The simplicity of the walls and the wooden choir stalls above a domed apse are completed in a late Renaissance style. The facade is simply articulated with pilasters. The nave leads to a domed apse. The tomb of St Sylvester of Troina is covered with a recumbent statue of white alabaster, attributed to followers of Antonello Gagini.

## InfoBox

| San Silvestro | |
| --- | --- |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Roman Catholic |
| Province | Enna |
| Location | |
| Location | Troina, Sicily, Italy |
| Geographic coordinates | 37°47′0″N 14°36′4″E / 37.78333°N 14.60111°E / 37.78333; 14.60111 |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Church |
| Completed | 15th Century |
|  | |


abstract: Stonyhurst Southville International School is a learning institution in the province of Batangas, Philippines, and one of the Southville Global Education Network (SGEN) schools.

text:
# Stonyhurst Southville International School

| SSIS Lipa City Campus | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Mahogany Avenue, Brgy. Dagatan, Lipa, Batangas | |
| Coordinates | 13°57′50″N 121°10′41″E / 13.96390°N 121.17799°E / 13.96390; 121.17799 |
| Information | |
| Type | Private, International School |
| Motto | Quant Je Puis! |
| Established | 2007 |
| Headmaster | Donnabelle Atienza |
| Mascot | KINGS |
| Website | www.stonyhurst.edu.ph/malarayat |

**Stonyhurst Southville International School** is a learning institution in the province of Batangas, Philippines, and one of the Southville Global Education Network (SGEN) schools.

## History

SSIS, originally Stonyhurst School, (lacking the later mentioned international title given) was founded in 1996 offering only a pre-school program and practicing in an English speaking environment. The name a reference to Stonyhurst College in the UK, the school where Peter P. Laurel, the founder of the school, studied.

In 1997, the grade school department opened with Integrated Program, a developmental model for elementary schools, designed to better meet the challenges of the 21st century. This allowed Stonyhurst School to enroll more and older students. Which gave the school a reason to expand its grounds and start constructing new school facilities.

In 2005, Stonyhurst was granted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon recommendation of the Department of Education, the international status thus the current name, Stonyhurst International School. The year after, it merged with a different large International School in the Philippines, Southville International School and Colleges, which helped allow the school to build its second campus in Lipa City, The Philippines.

In 2009, The Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) granted Stonyhurst Southville International School full accreditation.

In 2017, the school added robotics in its pre-school, grade school, and high school curriculum and integrated a robotics lab making use of robotic programs involving Hexbots and Arduino.

## School campuses

### Stonyhurst Southville - Batangas City Campus

### Stonyhurst Southville - Malarayat/Lipa City Campus

Stonyhurst Southville International School – Malarayat (SSISM) was established in 2007. Originally situated in a small house with 44 students, SSISM now has more than 500 students.

## Curriculum

### Early Childhood Education Department

The Early Childhood Education Department (ECED) of SSIS Batangas accepts children from Nursery (2 years old), Pre-Kinder (3 years old), Junior Kinder (4 years old), Senior Kinder (5 years old), Grade 1 (6 years old) and Grade 2 (7 years old).

The Early Childhood Education Department’s curriculum is patterned after Pennsylvania Standards.

### Grade School and High School sections

The SSIS Grade School (GS) Department consists of students from the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th Grades. Aside from the academic subjects – Math, Science, English, Social Studies, Languages, there are also courses on Arts, Culture and Sports - Physical Education, Values Education, Home Economics, Technology, Robotics, Financial Literacy, Football and Interest Clubs.

The SSIS Grade School and High School sections are generally patterned after the Common Core State Standards for English, UK Standards for Mathematics and Science, and NCTM (National Council of Teacher of Math).

Aside from the courses in Mathematics, English, Science, Social Living and Global Education, Filipino, Home Economics and Technological Arts, Computer/Robotics, Music, Arts, Physical Education and Foreign Language (which are also offered in the Grade School Department), the High School Department also offers courses on Economics, Accounting, Investment Management & Entrepreneurship and Financial Literacy.

### Senior High School Department

Senior High School (SHS) covers the last two years of the K-12 Program in accordance to the Republic Act No. 10533, also known as the Enhanced Basic Education Act. SSIS follows the core curriculum and subjects under the track of their choice. SSIS also incorporates the international standards in English, Math, and Science courses.

The Senior High School of SSIS Malarayat offers the STEM and the ABM Strands. STEM stands for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics and ABM stands for Accountancy, Business and Management. Below is the list of courses offered for each strand.

**Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)**. This strand focuses on University and College courses such as Chemical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Computer Engineering, Safety Engineering, Civil Engineering, Marine Engineering, Information Technology, Computer Programming, Data Encoding, Data Analyzing, Pre-Medical Courses, Doctor of Medicine, Doctor of Dental Medicine, Nursing, Medical Technology, Radiologic Technology, Phlebotomy, Pharmacy, Chemical Science, Biological Science, Physical Science, Organic Chemistry and the like. Specialised Subjects that are included under this strand are Chemistry 1 & 2, Biology 1&2, Practical Research, Pre-Calculus, Calculus, Business Math, Physics 1 & 2.

**Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM)**. This strand focuses on University and College courses such as Accountancy, Entrepreneurship, Business Management, Marketing and the like. Specialised Subjects that are included under this strand are Business Ethics and Social Responsibility, Marketing, Business Organisation and Environment, Business Math, Economics, Finance and Accounts, Business Plan, Practical Research.

## Affiliates

Stonyhurst Southville International School is a member of the Southville Global Education Network (SGEN), and is affiliated with its following sister schools:

## InfoBox

| SSIS Batangas City Campus | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Gov. Antonio Carpio Rd, Batangas City | |
| Coordinates | 13°45′27″N 121°04′41″E / 13.75748°N 121.07802°E / 13.75748; 121.07802 |
| Information | |
| Type | Private, International School |
| Motto | Quant Je Puis! |
| Established | 1996 |
| Headmaster | Anthony Paul M. Calado |
| Mascot | Stonyhurst KNIGHT |
| Website | www.stonyhurst.edu.ph |


title: Fiji Girl Guides Association

abstract: The Fiji Girl Guides Association is the national Guiding organization of Fiji. It serves 1,829 members. Founded in 1924, the girls-only organization became a full member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1981. An annual camp is held. This lapsed for 20 years, but it was revived in 2007. The uniforms they wear can be blue or white blouses and their skirts either blue, green, or white.

text:
# Fiji Girl Guides Association

The **Fiji Girl Guides Association** is the national Guiding organization of Fiji. It serves 1,829 members (as of 2003). Founded in 1924, the girls-only organization became a full member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1981.

An annual camp is held. This lapsed for 20 years, but it was revived in 2007.

The uniforms they wear can be blue or white blouses and their skirts either blue, green, or white.

## InfoBox

| Fiji Girl Guides Association | |
| --- | --- |
| Fiji Girl Guides Association | |
| Country | Fiji |
| Founded | 1924 |
| Membership | 1,829 |
| Affiliation | World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts |
|  | |
|


title: Rozajny

abstract: Rozajny is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gardeja, within Kwidzyn County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of Gardeja, 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Kwidzyn, and 83 km (52 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

text:
# Rozajny

**Rozajny** \[rɔˈzai̯nɨ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gardeja, within Kwidzyn County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of Gardeja, 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Kwidzyn, and 83 km (52 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

## InfoBox

| Rozajny | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Rozajny | |
| Coordinates: 53°39′35″N 19°2′7″E / 53.65972°N 19.03528°E / 53.65972; 19.03528 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Pomeranian |
| County | Kwidzyn |
| Gmina | Gardeja |
| Population | 440 |


title: But What If We're Wrong?

abstract: But What If We're Wrong? Thinking About the Present As If It Were the Past is a 2016 non-fiction book by American author and essayist Chuck Klosterman.

text:
# But What If We're Wrong?

***But What If We're Wrong? Thinking About the Present As If It Were the Past*** is a 2016 non-fiction book by American author and essayist Chuck Klosterman.

## Content and concepts

The premise of the book is that most of what we believe is likely to be wrong, but to avoid delusions in our perceptions, Klosterman advises us to "think about the present as if it were the distant past."

Klosterman examines such phenomena as the history of scientific theories, our perception of historical literary geniuses and our interests in entertainment and professional sports, as background examples to challenge the reader's confidence in their contemporary perceptions, and to try to detect how those perceptions might be mistaken. In a series of what have been called thought experiments, various topics (literary greats, multiverses, time, dreams, democracy, television shows, sports) are analyzed under "Klosterman's Razor": the concept that "the best hypothesis is the one that reflexively accepts its potential wrongness to begin with."

## Reception

*But What If We're Wrong?* reached *The New York Times* Best Seller list in the Culture category.

Jim Holt wrote in *The New York Times* that while he was "never bored" and Klosterman's goals were admirable, the book left him "exasperated," Holt asserting the book lacked rigor and treated profound questions with glibness: "My hackles raised, I argued inwardly with the author on every page."

*Kirkus Reviews* indicated the book is "full of intelligence and insights" and "makes readers think," challenging our beliefs "with jocularity and perspicacity."

*Publishers Weekly* acknowledged the book was "pop philosophy" but noted parts were based on interviews of "heavyweights," adding that Klosterman's humor and curiosity "propel the reader through the book."

In *The Oregonian,* Douglas Perry recognised the impossibility of the predicting the future, explaining why the book includes "endless streams of maybes, coulds and ifs, all leading to a shrug"—while affirming that Klosterman is "good company throughout the long, fruitless expedition."

In the *Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,* Will Ashton asserted the book to be Klosterman's most wide-reaching accomplishment to date and confirmed the writer's "signature wit," but wrote that Klosterman appeared "overwhelmed" by the challenge, leaving "an ongoing sense (Klosterman) is grasping here."

The book's cover, designed by Paul Sahre, was judged among the year's best, as chosen by the art director of *The New York Times Book Review*.

## InfoBox

But What If We're Wrong? Thinking About the Present As If It Were the Past
| Hardcover edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Chuck Klosterman |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Culture, social science, epistemology |
| Genre | Non-fiction |
| Publisher | Penguin Press, Blue Rider Press imprint |
| Publication date | June 7, 2016 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print, e-book, audiobook |
| Pages | 288 pp |
| ISBN | 978-0-399-18412-3 |


title: DYNLT3

abstract: Dynein, light chain, Tctex-type 3, also known as DYNLT3, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the DYNLT3 gene.

text:
# DYNLT3

**Dynein, light chain, Tctex-type 3**, also known as **DYNLT3**, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the *DYNLT3* gene.

## Function

DYNLT3 is a member of the dynein motor protein family. DYNLT3 binds to BUB3, a spindle checkpoint protein is present on kinetochores at prometaphase. DYNLT3 can also function as a transcription regulator of Bcl-2 gene through binding to SATB1 in a dynein-independent manner.

## Interactions

DYNLT3 has been shown to interact with VDAC1.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| DYNLT3 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | DYNLT3, RP3, TCTE1L, TCTEX1L, dynein light chain Tctex-type 3 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 300302; MGI: 1914367; HomoloGene: 21304; GeneCards: DYNLT3; OMA:DYNLT3 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_006520   NM\_025975   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_006511   NP\_080251   Location (UCSC) Chr X: 37.84 – 37.85 Mb Chr X: 9.52 – 9.53 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: 2011 Senior Bowl

abstract: The 2011 Senior Bowl was an all-star college football exhibition game featuring players from the 2010 college football season, and prospects for the 2011 draft of the professional National Football League (NFL). The 62nd edition of the Senior Bowl was won by the South team, 24–10. The game was played on January 29, 2011, at 3 pm CST at Ladd–Peebles Stadium in Mobile, Alabama, between "North" and "South" teams. The coaching staff of the Cincinnati Bengals, led by head coach Marvin Lewis, coached the North team. The coaching staff of the Buffalo Bills, led by head coach Chan Gailey, coached the South team. Coverage of the event was in high-definition on the NFL Network. Clothing company Under Armour sponsored the game for the fifth consecutive year and provided apparel for the game. For the South team, quarterback Christian Ponder, formerly with Florida State, threw 132 yards and two touchdowns and was named the Most Valuable Player. Leonard Hankerson, former Miami Hurricanes wide receiver, had five catches for 100 yards and one touchdown. He was named the Under Armour Offensive Player of the Game.

text:
# 2011 Senior Bowl

The **2011 Senior Bowl** was an all-star college football exhibition game featuring players from the 2010 college football season, and prospects for the 2011 draft of the professional National Football League (NFL). The 62nd edition of the Senior Bowl was won by the South team, 24–10.

The game was played on January 29, 2011, at 3 pm CST (4 p.m. Eastern time) at Ladd–Peebles Stadium in Mobile, Alabama, between "North" and "South" teams. The coaching staff of the Cincinnati Bengals, led by head coach Marvin Lewis, coached the North team. The coaching staff of the Buffalo Bills, led by head coach Chan Gailey, coached the South team.

Coverage of the event was in high-definition on the NFL Network. Clothing company Under Armour sponsored the game for the fifth consecutive year and provided apparel for the game.

For the South team, quarterback Christian Ponder, formerly with Florida State, threw 132 yards and two touchdowns and was named the Most Valuable Player. Leonard Hankerson, former Miami Hurricanes wide receiver, had five catches for 100 yards and one touchdown. He was named the Under Armour Offensive Player of the Game.

## Game summary

### Scoring summary

| Scoring Play | Score |
| --- | --- |
| **1st Quarter** | | | |
| SOUTH - Josh Jasper 23-yard field goal, 09:57 | SOUTH 3 - 0 |
| SOUTH - Leonard Hankerson 18-yard pass from Christian Ponder (Josh Jasper kick), 02:14 | SOUTH 10 - 0 |
| **2nd Quarter** | | | |
| SOUTH - Noel Devine 1-yard run (Josh Jasper kick), 04:05 | SOUTH 17 - 0 |
| **3rd Quarter** | | | |
| NORTH - Kai Forbath 24-yard field goal, 05:09 | SOUTH 17 - 3 |
| NORTH - Da'Rel Scott 1-yard run (Alex Henery kick), 00:19 | SOUTH 17 - 10 |
| **4th Quarter** | | | |
| SOUTH - Jeremy Kerley 23-yard pass from Christian Ponder (Josh Jasper kick), 03:04 | SOUTH 24 - 10 |
|

### Statistics

| Statistics | North | South |
| --- | --- | --- |
| First Downs | 13 | 20 |
| Total offense, plays - yards | 50-238 | 71-317 |
| Rushes-yards (net) | 19-0 | 43-127 |
| Passing yards (net) | 238 | 190 |
| Passes, Att-Comp-Int | 31-17-1 | 28-15-0 |
| Time of Possession | 24:02 | 35:58 |
|

## InfoBox

| 2011 Under Armour Senior Bowl | |
| --- | --- |
| 62nd Senior Bowl | |
|  | |
| 1 2 3 4 Total  **North** 0 0 10 0 10  **South** 10 7 0 7 24 | |
| Date | January 29, 2011 |
| Season | 2010 |
| Stadium | Ladd–Peebles Stadium |
| Location | Mobile, Alabama |
| MVP | Christian Ponder |
| Referee | John McDaid |
| Attendance | 40,646 |
| United States TV coverage | |
| Network | NFL Network |
|


title: Scot Davidson

abstract: Scot Davidson is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in a by-election on February 25, 2019. He represents the electoral district of York—Simcoe as a member of the Conservative Party of Canada.

text:
# Scot Davidson

**Scot Davidson** is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in a by-election on February 25, 2019. He represents the electoral district of York—Simcoe as a member of the Conservative Party of Canada.

## Political career

Scot Davidson, Heather Fullerton, and Jason Verkaik sought the Conservative nomination for the 2019 York—Simcoe federal by-election. In a nomination meeting on October 20, Scot Davidson was declared the Conservative candidate. Davidson won the seat in the by election, and held it in the general election in October.

## Electoral record

| 2021 Canadian federal election: York—Simcoe | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Conservative | Scot Davidson | 24,900 | 50.0 | +3.7 |
|  | Liberal | Daniella Johnson | 14,469 | 29.0 | +2.2 |
|  | New Democratic | Benjamin Jenkins | 6,800 | 13.6 | -0.6 |
|  | People's | Michael Lotter | 3,662 | 7.3 | +5.7 |
| Total valid votes | | | 49,831 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 466 |
| Turnout | | | 50,297 | 53.74 |
| Eligible voters | | | 93,596 |
| Source: Elections Canada | | | | | | |

| 2019 Canadian federal election: York—Simcoe | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
|  | Conservative | Scot Davidson | 24,918 | 46.3 | 7.61 | $56,801.81 |
|  | Liberal | Cynthia Wesley-Esquimaux | 14,407 | 26.8 | 2.24 | *none listed* |
|  | New Democratic | Jessa McLean | 7,620 | 14.2 | 6.69 | *none listed* |
|  | Green | Jonathan Arnold | 4,650 | 8.6 | 5.58 | $6,288.49 |
|  | Libertarian | Keith Komar | 1,311 | 2.4 | 1.83 | *none listed* |
|  | People's | Michael Lotter | 875 | 1.6 | 0.30 | $223.47 |
| Total valid votes/expense limit | | | 53,781 | 100.0 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 497 |
| Turnout | | | 54,278 | 60.7 |
| Eligible voters | | | 89,360 |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | | 2.68 |
| Source: Elections Canada | | | | | | |

| Canadian federal by-election, February 25, 2019: York—Simcoe
Resignation of Peter Van Loan | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Conservative | Scot Davidson | 8,929 | 53.91 | 3.66 |
|  | Liberal | Shaun Tanaka | 4,811 | 29.04 | 8.72 |
|  | New Democratic | Jessa McLean | 1,244 | 7.51 | 1.38 |
|  | Progressive Canadian | Dorian Baxter | 634 | 3.83 | -- |
|  | Green | Mathew Lund | 451 | 2.72 | 0.37 |
|  | People's | Robert Geurts | 314 | 1.90 | -- |
|  | Libertarian | Keith Dean Komar | 95 | 0.57 | -- |
|  | Independent | John The Engineer Turmel | 64 | 0.39 | -- |
|  | National Citizens Alliance | Adam Suhr | 22 | 0.13 | -- |
| Total valid votes/expense limit | | | 16,564 | 99.43 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 95 | 0.57 | +0.09 |
| Turnout | | | 16,659 | 20.03 | -43.23 |
| Eligible voters | | | 83,179 |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | | +6.19 |
| Source: Elections Canada | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Scot DavidsonMP | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament
for York—Simcoe | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
February 25, 2019 | |
| Preceded by | Peter Van Loan |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Georgina, Ontario |
| Political party | Conservative |
| Residence | Duclos Point, Ontario |
|  | |


title: Udo Weilacher

abstract: Dr. Udo Weilacher is a German landscape architect, author and Professor for Landscape Architecture.

text:
# Udo Weilacher

Dr. **Udo Weilacher** (born 1963 in Kaiserslautern) is a German landscape architect, author and Professor for Landscape Architecture.

## Biography

Udo Weilacher was educated as a gardener in 1984. He studied landscape architecture at the Technical University of Munich-Weihenstephan and at the California State Polytechnic University, Pomona between 1986 and 1993. Since 1995, Weilacher has been an officially registered Garden- and Landscape Architect at the Chamber of Architecture in Germany. At the Technical University of Munich he received his diploma from the German landscape architect and professor Peter Latz. He worked with the renowned Swiss landscape architect Dieter Kienast as a scientific assistant and a lecturer at the University of Karlsruhe and the ETH Zürich, where he gained his distinguished doctorate (Dr. sc. ETH Zurich) in 2001.

In 2002 Weilacher became full professor for Landscape Architecture and Design at the Leibniz University Hannover and, in 2006-08, Dean of the Faculty of Architecture and Landscape Sciences. Since April 2009 Udo Weilacher has been a full professor for Landscape Architecture and Transformation at the Technische Universität München, Department of Architecture, TUM School of Engineering and Design.

Weilacher worked from 1998 to 2002 as a freelance journalist for NZZ FOLIO, the monthly magazine of the Neue Zürcher Zeitung. He does extensive research on the relationship between art and landscape, on the theory and history of contemporary landscape architecture, and on the transformation of former cultural landscapes, e.g. industrial landscapes in the Alps. He published his works internationally, is a member of international juries and scientific advisor in editorial boards of scientific magazines and research institutes.

## Academic Memberships

Udo Weilacher is or was a member of national and international scientific and professional organizations:

* BDLA, German Association of Landscape Architects
* DGGL, German Society of Garden Architecture and Landscape Culture
* CGL, Centre of Garden Art and Landscape Architecture at the Leibniz University Hannover
* Deutscher Werkbund, German Association of Craftsmen
* International Doctoral College "Spatial Research Lab"

## Honors and awards

## Publications (selection)

* Full list of publications at the Technical University of Munich
* Weilacher, Udo (1996/1999): *Between Landscape Architecture and Land Art.* Basel Berlin Boston: Birkhauser; ISBN 3-7643-6119-0
* Weilacher, Udo (2005): *Visionary Gardens. Modern Landscapes by Ernst Cramer.* Basel Berlin Boston: Birkhauser; ISBN 3-7643-6567-6
* Weilacher, Udo (2005): *In Gardens. Profiles of contemporary European Landscape Architecture.* Basel Berlin Boston: Birkhauser; ISBN 3-7643-7084-X
* Weilacher, Udo (2006): *Promises instead of ready-made answers.* in: Quart Verlag, Luzern (ed.): Schweingruber Zulauf. Volume 3 of the Series Arcadia 2006. 8-49. Luzern: Quart Verlag; ISBN 3-907631-33-1
* Udo Weilacher: *Switzerland* und approximately 18 other contributions in: Taylor, Patrick (ed.): *The Oxford Companion to the Garden*. Oxford University Press, New York 2006; ISBN 0-19-866255-6
* Udo Weilacher (2007): *The Garden as the Last Luxury Today: Thought-Provoking Garden Projects by Dieter Kienast*. in: Conan, Michel (ed.): *Contemporary Garden Aesthetics, Creations and Interpretations*. 81-95. Harvard University Press ISBN 0-88402-325-7
* Udo Weilacher (2007): *Land Art* in: Colafranceschi, Daniela (ed.): *Landscape + 100 words to inhabit it. Land&ScapeSeries*. 108-110. Barcelona: Editorial Gustavo Gili SL.
* Weilacher, Udo (2008): *Syntax of Landscape. The Landscape Architecture by Peter Latz and Partners.* Basel Berlin Boston: Birkhauser; ISBN 978-3-7643-7615-4
* Weilacher, Udo (2020): *Garden Thinking in Cities of Tomorrow.* in: SPOOL. Journal of Architecture and the Built Environment, vol. 6; doi:https://doi.org/10.7480/spool.2020.1.5484
* Weilacher, Udo et.al.(2023): *Waterways transformation in the vulnerable port city of Alexandria.* in: Cities, vol. 141, Oct. 2023; doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2023.104426