abstract: Germany participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2014 with the song "Is It Right", written by Elżbieta Steinmetz, Frank Kretschmer and Adam Kesselhaut. The song was performed by Elaiza. The German entry for the 2014 contest in Copenhagen, Denmark was selected through the national final Unser Song für Dänemark, organised by the German broadcaster ARD in collaboration with Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR). The national final took place on 13 March 2014 and featured eight competing acts, one of which was selected through a Club Concert wildcard round. The winner was selected through three rounds of public televoting, and "Is It Right" performed by Elaiza was selected as the German entry for Copenhagen after gaining 55% of the votes in the third round. As a member of the "Big Five", Germany automatically qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest. Performing in position 12, Germany placed eighteenth out of the 26 participating countries with 39 points.

text:
# Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2014

Germany participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2014 with the song "Is It Right", written by Elżbieta Steinmetz, Frank Kretschmer and Adam Kesselhaut. The song was performed by Elaiza. The German entry for the 2014 contest in Copenhagen, Denmark was selected through the national final *Unser Song für Dänemark*, organised by the German broadcaster ARD in collaboration with Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR). The national final took place on 13 March 2014 and featured eight competing acts, one of which was selected through a Club Concert wildcard round. The winner was selected through three rounds of public televoting, and "Is It Right" performed by Elaiza was selected as the German entry for Copenhagen after gaining 55% of the votes in the third round.

As a member of the "Big Five", Germany automatically qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest. Performing in position 12, Germany placed eighteenth out of the 26 participating countries with 39 points.

## Background

Prior to the 2014 contest, Germany had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest fifty-seven times since its debut as one of seven countries to take part in 1956. Germany has won the contest on two occasions: in 1982 with the song "Ein bißchen Frieden" performed by Nicole and in 2010 with the song "Satellite" performed by Lena. Germany, to this point, has been noted for having competed in the contest more than any other country; they have competed in every contest since the first edition in 1956 except for the 1996 contest when the nation was eliminated in a pre-contest elimination round. In 2013, the German entry "Glorious" performed by Cascada placed twenty-first out of twenty-six competing songs scoring 18 points.

The German national broadcaster, ARD, broadcasts the event within Germany and delegates the selection of the nation's entry to the regional broadcaster Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR). NDR confirmed that Germany would participate in the 2014 Eurovision Song Contest on 4 September 2013. Since 2010, NDR had set up national finals in collaboration with private broadcaster ProSieben to choose either the song and performer or both to compete at Eurovision for Germany, while in 2013, the broadcaster had set up a national final with several artists to choose both the song and performer to compete at Eurovision for Germany. On 6 September 2013, NDR announced that they would again organise a multi-artist national final to select the German entry.

## Before Eurovision

### *Unser Song für Dänemark*

*Unser Song für Dänemark* (English: Our Song for Denmark) was the competition that selected Germany's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2014. The competition took place on 13 March 2014 at the Lanxess Arena in Cologne, hosted by Barbara Schöneberger with Janin Reinhardt reporting from the green room. Like in the previous four years, the national final was co-produced by the production company Brainpool, which also co-produced the 2011 Eurovision Song Contest in Düsseldorf and the 2012 Eurovision Song Contest in Baku. Eight acts, one of them selected through a wildcard round, competed during the show with the winner being selected through a public televote. The show was broadcast on Das Erste as well as online via the broadcaster's Eurovision Song Contest website *eurovision.de* and the official Eurovision Song Contest website *eurovision.tv*.

#### Competing entries

Seven competing artists were selected by a panel consisting of representatives of NDR, youth-oriented and pop radio stations of ARD, Brainpool as well as record companies Universal Music, Sony Music, Warner Music Entertainment and other independent labels. The seven participating acts were announced on 13 December 2013, while an additional act was selected through a wildcard round. For the wildcard round, interested performers were able to apply by uploading a performance clip of an original or cover song via YouTube between 25 November 2013 and 22 January 2014. Musician Adel Tawil headed the campaign to encourage artists to apply. By the end of the process, it was announced that 2,240 applications were received and ten performers were selected by the panel. The ten participating artists performed during a Club Concert show that took place on 27 February 2014 at the Edelfettwerk in Hamburg, hosted by Barbara Schöneberger with Janin Reinhardt reporting from the green room and was broadcast on NDR Fernsehen and EinsPlus as well as online via *eurovision.de* and *eurovision.tv*. The winner, Elaiza, was selected solely by public televoting, including options for landline and SMS voting, and proceeded to the national final.

Club Concert – 27 February 2014
| Draw | Artist | Song (Original artists) | Televote | Place |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Elaiza | "Is It Right" | 23.6% | 1 |
| 2 | Nicole Milik | "I See Fire" (Ed Sheeran) | 8.2% | 5 |
| 3 | Simon Glöde | "Blame It on the Boogie" | 7.5% | 6 |
| 4 | Melanie Schlüter | "Run" (Snow Patrol) | 4.9% | 10 |
| 5 | Cassie Greene | "Not This Time" | 6.6% | 8 |
| 6 | Valentina | "Love Is Gone" | 7.3% | 7 |
| 7 | Caroline Rose | "Amber Sky" | 17.2% | 2 |
| 8 | Max Krumm | "Home" | 8.6% | 4 |
| 9 | Ambre Vallet | "Siehst du mich?" | 6.3% | 9 |
| 10 | Bartosz | "Walk Away" | 9.8% | 3 |

| Artist | Song | Songwriter(s) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The Baseballs | "Goodbye Peggy Sue" | Håkan Glänte |
| | "Mo Hotta Mo Betta" | Beatzarre, Gareth Owen, Konstantin "Djorkaeff" Scherer, Rüdiger Brans, Sebastian Rätzel, Sven Budja |
| Das Gezeichnete Ich | "Echo" | Das Gezeichnete Ich, Sebastian Budde |
| | "Weil du da bist" | |
| Elaiza | "Fight Against Myself" | Elżbieta Steinmetz, Frank Kretschmer, Adam Kesselhaut |
| | "Is It Right" | |
| Madeline Juno | "Error" | David Jost, Dave Roth, Madeline Juno |
| | "Like Lovers Do" | Madeline Juno, Dave Roth |
| MarieMarie | "Candy Jar" | MarieMarie, Anya Weihe, Johannes Vogt, Maximilian Spindler, Alexander Rapp |
| | "Cotton Candy Hurricane" | Thies Mynther, MarieMarie, Juri Kannheiser, Thomas Rainer Berthold |
| Oceana | "All Night" | Oceana Mahlmann, Sir Darryl Farris, Andre Harris, Joseph "joblaq" Macklin |
| | "Thank You" | Joseph "joblaq" Macklin |
| Santiano | "The Fiddler on the Deck" | Frank Ramond, Mark Nissen, Hartmut Krech, Lukas Hainer |
| | "Wir werden niemals untergehen" | |
| Unheilig | "Als wär's das erste Mal" | Der Graf, Henning Verlage, Markus Tombült |
| | "Wir sind alle wie eins" | |

#### Final

The televised final took place on 13 March 2014. The winner was selected through three rounds of public televoting, including options for landline and SMS voting. In the first round of voting, each artist performed their selected first of their two songs and the top four artists were selected to proceed to the second round. In the second round, the four remaining artists performed their second song and the top two artists with one song each were selected to proceed to the final round. In the final round, the winner, "Is It Right" performed by Elaiza, was selected. In addition to the performances of the competing entries, 2013 Danish Eurovision Song Contest winner Emmelie de Forest performed her entry "Only Teardrops", 2014 Italian Eurovision entrant Emma Marrone performed her entry "La mia città" and Adel Tawil performed his new song "Weinen".

First Round – 13 March 2014
| Draw | Artist | Song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Das Gezeichnete Ich | "Weil du da bist" | Eliminated |
| 2 | Oceana | "Thank You" | Eliminated |
| 3 | Santiano | "The Fiddler on the Deck" | Advanced |
| 4 | MarieMarie | "Cotton Candy Hurricane" | Advanced |
| 5 | The Baseballs | "Mo Hotta Mo Betta" | Eliminated |
| 6 | Elaiza | "Is It Right" | Advanced |
| 7 | Unheilig | "Als wär's das erste Mal" | Advanced |
| 8 | Madeline Juno | "Like Lovers Do" | Eliminated |

Second Round – 13 March 2014
| Draw | Artist | Song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Santiano | "The Fiddler on the Deck" | Eliminated |
| | | "Wir werden niemals untergehen" | Eliminated |
| 2 | MarieMarie | "Candy Jar" | Eliminated |
| | | "Cotton Candy Hurricane" | Eliminated |
| 3 | Elaiza | "Fight Against Myself" | Eliminated |
| | | "Is It Right" | Advanced |
| 4 | Unheilig | "Als wär's das erste Mal" | Eliminated |
| | | "Wir sind alle wie eins" | Advanced |

Final Round – 13 March 2014
| Draw | Artist | Song | Televote | Place |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Elaiza | "Is It Right" | 55% | 1 |
| 2 | Unheilig | "Wir sind alle wie eins" | 45% | 2 |

#### Ratings

Viewing figures by show
| Show | Air date | Viewing figures | | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Nominal | Share | |
| Club Concert | 27 February 2014 | 360,000 | 6.3% |  |
| Final | 13 March 2014 | 3,950,000 | 13.3% |  |

## At Eurovision

According to Eurovision rules, all nations with the exceptions of the host country and the "Big Five" (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top ten countries from each semi-final progress to the final. As a member of the "Big Five", Germany automatically qualified to compete in the final on 10 May 2014. In addition to their participation in the final, Germany is also required to broadcast and vote in one of the two semi-finals. This would have been regularly decided via a draw held during the semi-final allocation draw on 20 January 2014, however, prior to the draw, ARD requested of the European Broadcasting Union that Germany be allowed to broadcast and vote in the second semi-final on 8 May 2014, which was approved by the contest's Reference Group.

In Germany, the two semi-finals were broadcast on Phoenix as well as on delay on EinsPlus and Einsfestival, and the final was broadcast on Das Erste. All broadcasts featured commentary by Peter Urban. The final was watched by 8.9 million viewers in Germany, which meant a market share of 34.3 per cent. The German spokesperson, who announced the top 12-point score awarded by the German votes during the final, was Helene Fischer.

### Final

Elaiza took part in technical rehearsals on 4 and 6 May, followed by dress rehearsals on 9 and 10 May. This included the jury final on 9 May where the professional juries of each country watched and voted on the competing entries. During the German delegation's press conference on 6 May 2014, Elaiza took part in a draw to determine in which half of the final the German entry would be performed. Germany was drawn to compete in the first half of the final. Following the second semi-final, the shows' producers decided upon the running order of the final rather than through another draw, so that similar songs were not placed next to each other. Germany was subsequently placed to perform in position 12, following the entry from Austria and before the entry from Sweden.

The German performance featured the members of Elaiza performing on stage in outfits with flower patterns; Yvonne Grünwald played the accordion, Natalie Plöger played the contrabass and Ela Steinmetz performed vocals. The stage colours were predominately red, purple and yellow with the LED screens displaying the band name and purple tents and the stage floor displaying a chessboard. The staging presentation also included paper streamers dropping onto the stage and covering the band members during the last chorus. Germany placed eighteenth in the final, scoring 39 points.

### Voting

Voting during the three shows consisted of 50 percent public televoting and 50 percent from a jury deliberation. The jury consisted of five music industry professionals who were citizens of the country they represent, with their names published before the contest to ensure transparency. This jury was asked to judge each contestant based on: vocal capacity; the stage performance; the song's composition and originality; and the overall impression by the act. In addition, no member of a national jury could be related in any way to any of the competing acts in such a way that they cannot vote impartially and independently. The individual rankings of each jury member were released shortly after the grand final.

Following the release of the full split voting by the EBU after the conclusion of the competition, it was revealed that Germany had placed twentieth with the public televote and fourteenth with the jury vote in the final. In the public vote, Germany scored 31 points and in the jury vote the nation scored 61 points.

Below is a breakdown of points awarded to Germany and awarded by Germany in the second semi-final and grand final of the contest, and the breakdown of the jury voting and televoting conducted during the two shows:

#### Points awarded to Germany

|
|  |
Points awarded to Germany (Final)
| Score | Country |
| --- | --- |
| 12 points |  |
| 10 points |  |
| 8 points | Poland |
| 7 points | Switzerland |
| 6 points | Armenia |
| 5 points |  |
| 4 points | Albania |
| 3 points |  |
| 2 points |  |
| 1 point |  |

#### Points awarded by Germany

#### Detailed voting results

The following members comprised the German jury:

|
|  |
Detailed voting results from Germany (Semi-final 2)
| Draw | Country | J. Weist | M. Juno | K. Sommermeyer | Sido | A. Bourani | Jury Rank | Televote Rank | Combined Rank | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 01 | Malta | 6 | 3 | 15 | 7 | 13 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 3 |
| 02 | Israel | 5 | 14 | 8 | 14 | 14 | 11 | 7 | 9 | 2 |
| 03 | Norway | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 7 |
| 04 | Georgia | 4 | 15 | 14 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 13 | 10 | 1 |
| 05 | Poland | 3 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | **12** |
| 06 | Austria | 12 | 6 | 10 | 15 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 7 | 4 |
| 07 | Lithuania | 7 | 13 | 7 | 13 | 15 | 12 | 11 | 12 |  |
| 08 | Finland | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 6 | 5 |
| 09 | Ireland | 14 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 15 | 14 | 15 |  |
| 10 | Belarus | 15 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 11 | 14 | 12 | 14 |  |
| 11 | Macedonia | 11 | 12 | 4 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 15 | 13 |  |
| 12 | Switzerland | 9 | 2 | 12 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 10 |
| 13 | Greece | 8 | 7 | 5 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 6 |
| 14 | Slovenia | 13 | 11 | 13 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 11 |  |
| 15 | Romania | 10 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 8 |

|
|  |
Detailed voting results from Germany (Final)
| Draw | Country | J. Weist | M. Juno | K. Sommermeyer | Sido | A. Bourani | Jury Rank | Televote Rank | Combined Rank | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 01 | Ukraine | 20 | 20 | 18 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 14 | 16 |  |
| 02 | Belarus | 24 | 23 | 19 | 20 | 25 | 23 | 21 | 22 |  |
| 03 | Azerbaijan | 10 | 17 | 9 | 15 | 4 | 9 | 25 | 20 |  |
| 04 | Iceland | 19 | 9 | 15 | 16 | 18 | 14 | 8 | 9 | 2 |
| 05 | Norway | 4 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 10 | 5 | 9 | 6 | 5 |
| 06 | Romania | 12 | 14 | 16 | 21 | 22 | 16 | 17 | 18 |  |
| 07 | Armenia | 5 | 7 | 8 | 4 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 |
| 08 | Montenegro | 23 | 22 | 21 | 22 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 |  |
| 09 | Poland | 6 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 10 |
| 10 | Greece | 16 | 21 | 20 | 24 | 19 | 22 | 4 | 14 |  |
| 11 | Austria | 9 | 13 | 11 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 1 | 4 | 7 |
| 12 | Germany |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 13 | Sweden | 11 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 16 | 11 |  |
| 14 | France | 21 | 10 | 17 | 25 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 |  |
| 15 | Russia | 17 | 16 | 23 | 12 | 21 | 19 | 5 | 12 |  |
| 16 | Italy | 22 | 18 | 10 | 17 | 11 | 15 | 18 | 19 |  |
| 17 | Slovenia | 15 | 24 | 22 | 23 | 14 | 21 | 23 | 23 |  |
| 18 | Finland | 3 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 12 | 7 | 4 |
| 19 | Spain | 7 | 19 | 14 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 13 | 10 | 1 |
| 20 | Switzerland | 18 | 5 | 12 | 11 | 13 | 12 | 7 | 8 | 3 |
| 21 | Hungary | 14 | 12 | 24 | 19 | 17 | 17 | 15 | 17 |  |
| 22 | Malta | 13 | 11 | 13 | 9 | 15 | 13 | 11 | 13 |  |
| 23 | Denmark | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 3 | 8 |
| 24 | Netherlands | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | **12** |
| 25 | San Marino | 25 | 25 | 25 | 18 | 23 | 25 | 22 | 24 |  |
| 26 | United Kingdom | 8 | 15 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 19 | 15 |  |

## InfoBox

| Eurovision Song Contest 2014 | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Germany |
| National selection | |
| Selection process | *Unser Song für Dänemark* |
| Selection date(s) | 13 March 2014 |
| Selected artist(s) | Elaiza |
| Selected song | "Is It Right" |
| Selected songwriter(s) | * Elżbieta Steinmetz * Frank Kretschmer * Adam Kesselhaut |
| Finals performance | |
| Final result | 18th, 39 points |
| Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest | |
| ◄2013 **2014** 2015► | |


title: Raggedy Angry

abstract: Based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Raggedy Angry is a band that plays a mixture of synth and industrial rock music. On October 1, 2010 via Synthetic Sounds and Danse Macabre the band released their third full-length album entitled How I Learned To Love Our Robot Overlords. The album featured production work from Dave "Rave" Ogilvie along with vocals from Jakalope lead singer Chrystal Leigh and Kevin James Maher of Fake Shark - Real Zombie!. The band has played across Europe with The Birthday Massacre in addition to cross Canada with Die Mannequin.

text:
# Raggedy Angry

Based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, **Raggedy Angry** is a band that plays a mixture of synth and industrial rock music.

On October 1, 2010 via Synthetic Sounds and Danse Macabre the band released their third full-length album entitled *How I Learned To Love Our Robot Overlords*. The album featured production work from Dave "Rave" Ogilvie along with vocals from Jakalope lead singer Chrystal Leigh and Kevin James Maher of Fake Shark - Real Zombie!.

The band has played across Europe with The Birthday Massacre in addition to cross Canada with Die Mannequin.

## Current members

* Irvin Scabtree - Vocals
* Paul Roussel - Drums
* Brendan Bell - Guitars

## Past members

* Pressit - Guitars
* Professor Oblivion - Bass
* Air-Conditioned Superstar - Bass
* C-Man - Bass

## Discography

* *Take Me, Break Me, Make Me Pretty* (2006)
* *Pestilence* (2008)
* *How I Learned To Love Our Robot Overlords* (2010)
* *Dead Beats* (2012)
* Music appearance in *Darknet* (2013)

## InfoBox

| Raggedy Angry | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Toronto, Ontario |
| Genres | Industrial rock
Electronic rock |
| Years active | 2006 – Present |
| Labels | Synthetic Sounds,
Danse Macabre (Europe) |
|  | |
| Members | Irvin Scabtree
Paul Roussel
Brendan Bell |
|  | |
| Website | http://www.raggedyangry.com |


title: Sydney Stern, 1st Baron Wandsworth

abstract: Sydney James Stern, 1st Baron Wandsworth, was a British banker, Liberal Member of Parliament, philanthropist and member of the Stern banking family.

text:
# Sydney Stern, 1st Baron Wandsworth

**Sydney James Stern, 1st Baron Wandsworth**, JP (1844 – 10 February 1912) was a British banker, Liberal Member of Parliament, philanthropist and member of the Stern banking family.

## Background and education

Stern was born in London in 1844, the eldest son of Viscount David de Stern, the German-born senior partner of the merchant bank of Stern Brothers, and Sophia, daughter of Aaron Asher Goldsmid, brother of Sir Isaac Lyon Goldsmid. He was the elder brother of Sir Edward Stern and the first cousin of Lord Michelham. He was educated at Magdalene College, Cambridge, and admitted to the Inner Temple in 1874.

## Career

For some time Stern worked in his father's firm of Stern Brothers. He unsuccessfully contested the Middle Division of Surrey in 1880 and 1884, Tiverton in 1885 and Ipswich in 1886 but was finally elected as MP for Stowmarket in a by-election in 1891. On 19 July 1895 he was raised to the peerage as **Baron Wandsworth**, of Wandsworth in the County of London (he also held a Portuguese viscountcy by right of his father). His elevation to the peerage was a quid pro quo for donations he had made to Gladstone. The then Liberal Prime Minister Lord Rosebery was only willing to fulfill that promise (given his own commitment to Lords reform) after receiving a written request from Gladstone that he honour the deal.

He was a Justice of the Peace for Surrey and London, and served as vice-president of the London and Counties Radical Union. He was appointed the Honorary Colonel of the 4th Volunteer Battalion, East Surrey Regiment, on 16 February 1889 He provided the land for the battalion's new drill hall at 27 St John's Hill, Clapham Junction, opened in 1902.

## Personal life

Lord Wandsworth died at his London home, 10 Great Stanhope Street, Mayfair, on 10 February 1912, when the barony became extinct. He left an estate of nearly £1,555,985, most of which was bequeathed to charity, over a million being given to found the Lord Wandsworth Orphanage. In 1920 (after delays caused by World War I) the orphanage's trustees opened a preparatory school for boys and girls between 5 and 12 years old at Gosden House in Bramley, Surrey. Under the terms of Lord Wandsworth's will, preference was given to the children of agricultural labourers from his former constituency in the north-western or Stowmarket parliamentary division of Suffolk. Pupils would leave the school by the age of 13, the girls continuing their education in Guildford while the boys went on to the Lord Wandsworth Agricultural College in Long Sutton, Hampshire, which is now known as Lord Wandsworth College.

## InfoBox

| The Right HonourableThe Lord WandsworthJP | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament for Stowmarket | |
| **In office**
18911895 | |
| Preceded by | Edward Greene |
| Succeeded by | Ian Malcolm |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Sydney James Stern
1844
London, U.K. |
| Died | 10 February 1912
London, U.K. |
| Parent | David de Stern |
| Relatives | Hermann de Stern (paternal uncle)
Lord Michelham (cousin) |
| Occupation | Banker, politician |
|  | |


title: Brzeziny, Biłgoraj County

abstract: Brzeziny is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Józefów, within Biłgoraj County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Józefów, 20 km (12 mi) east of Biłgoraj, and 87 km (54 mi) south of the regional capital Lublin.

text:
# Brzeziny, Biłgoraj County

**Brzeziny** \[bʐɛˈʑinɨ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Józefów, within Biłgoraj County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Józefów, 20 km (12 mi) east of Biłgoraj, and 87 km (54 mi) south of the regional capital Lublin.

## InfoBox

| Brzeziny | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Brzeziny | |
| Coordinates: 50°31′N 23°0′E / 50.517°N 23.000°E / 50.517; 23.000 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Biłgoraj |
| Gmina | Józefów |
| Population | |
| Total | 168 |


title: Cameron Alborzian

abstract: Cameron Alborzian, also known as Yogi Cameron, is an Iranian-born British retired supermodel and Ayurveda therapist. He had a successful career in the fashion industry around the world, both in publicity and runway events, working for brands such as Guess, Levi's, Versace, Christian Dior, Valentino, Chanel, Gucci, Jean Paul Gaultier, Dolce & Gabbana, Karl Lagerfeld, Montana, John Galliano or Yves Saint Laurent. He also appeared in the music videos "Express Yourself" by Madonna, and "Something About the Way You Look Tonight" by Elton John. At the end of the 1990s, he abandoned modeling to work in closeness with people as an Ayurveda therapist.

text:
# Cameron Alborzian

**Cameron Alborzian** (born 26 February 1967), also known as **Yogi Cameron**, is an Iranian-born British retired supermodel and Ayurveda therapist. He had a successful career in the fashion industry around the world, both in publicity and runway events, working for brands such as Guess, Levi's, Versace, Christian Dior, Valentino, Chanel, Gucci, Jean Paul Gaultier, Dolce & Gabbana, Karl Lagerfeld, Montana, John Galliano or Yves Saint Laurent.

He also appeared in the music videos "Express Yourself" by Madonna, and "Something About the Way You Look Tonight" by Elton John (the latter with the British model Kate Moss). At the end of the 1990s, he abandoned modeling to work in closeness with people as an Ayurveda therapist.

## Early life

Alborzian was born in Tehran, Iran to an English mother and Iranian father.

He attended various boarding schools in England and Wales as well as one year of college before dropping out and moving to London. Soon after his arrival, a modelling scout on the street spotted him. Several weeks later, he appeared in a Jean Paul Gaultier show in Paris to start off his career.

## Career

### Modelling

Alborzian started his career as a fashion model on the runways of Paris in 1986. Along with Gaultier, he worked for other designers such as Dior and YSL. He did not achieve wider fame for his work until he landed a contract with Guess jeans in 1988.

This work earned him a great deal of attention, including that of Madonna, Alborzian played his love interest in the music video for his song *Express Yourself*. He appeared in the 1997 music video for Elton John's "Something About the Way You Look Tonight", also starring Kate Moss. In 1998, he ended his career in fashion after he joined fellow models Naomi Campbell, Christy Turlington, and Kate Moss in visiting Nelson Mandela in South Africa for a charity event to benefit the Mandela Fund.

### Ayurveda and yoga therapist

After the death of his close friend and mentor in naturopathy, Alborzian attended the Integral Yoga and Yogaville teacher training in New York. as well as a reflexology masters course at the Open Center in New York City. He continued his studies at Arsha Yoga Vidya Peetam Trust in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India in 2003. At Arsha, he studies Ayurveda and yoga under Sri V. Vasudevan, who studied in the lineage of Brahmasri Poomulli Neelakantan Namboothiripad, Brahmasri Cherukalakapurath Krishnan Namboothiri, and Yogi Narayanji Maharaj.

Yogi Cameron is the author of four books: *Ahora es el Momento*, *The Guru in You*, *The One Plan*, and *The Yogi Code*.

## InfoBox

| Cameron Alborzian | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1967-02-26) 26 February 1967<br>Tehran, Iran |
| Occupation(s) | supermodel, yoga and Ayurveda therapist |
| Years active | 1986–2005 |
| Children | Azusena Alborzian |
| **Modelling information** | |
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) |
| Hair colour | Black |
| Eye colour | Dark brown |
|  | |
| Website | www.yogicameron.com |


title: Telegram messenger

abstract: In many English-speaking countries, a telegram messenger, more often known as a telegram delivery boy, telegraph boy or telegram boy was a young man employed to deliver telegrams, usually on bicycle. In the United Kingdom, they were employed by the General Post Office; in the United States, they worked for Western Union or other telegraph companies.

text:
# Telegram messenger

In many English-speaking countries, a **telegram messenger**, more often known as a **telegram delivery boy**, **telegraph boy** or **telegram boy** was a young man employed to deliver telegrams, usually on bicycle. In the United Kingdom, they were employed by the General Post Office; in the United States, they worked for Western Union or other telegraph companies.

## In the United Kingdom

Telegram boys became popular in the United Kingdom after the General Post Office took over control of inland telegraphs from the railways and private telegraph companies. Many of the boys employed by these services to deliver telegrams transferred to the Post Office.

In some respects, the life of a telegram boy was not unlike that of someone in military service. They were expected to behave in a manner befitting one who wore the uniform of the Queen, and were required to complete a daily drill. Messengers, at least in London, were required to carry a blue book of instructions at all time, and produce them whenever they were ordered to. Rules included specifications on appearance, dictating that messengers must keep themselves clean and their hair short, and be courteous whenever speaking to anyone. The rulebook also sought to control their behavior, forbidding messenger boys from sliding down staircase handrails; from smoking, gambling, or playing cards while in uniform; and from entering public houses except to deliver messages. From 1915 to 1921, morning exercise was added to these requirements.

During the 1930s the Post Office introduced motorcycles. This started in Leeds where boys aged 17 were allowed to volunteer for training, but only with the permission of their parents. However, following the success of this, motorcycles were soon introduced elsewhere in the country. The fleet was comprised almost exclusively of BSA B33-1 250cc motorbikes which boys were expected to ride at an average of 15 mph. Later 125cc BSA Bantams were used. These were finally replaced with smaller Raleigh and Puch models.

During its heyday in the 1930s, the service was delivering an average of 65 million telegrams per year; however, the service was running at a loss, estimated at £1 million annually.

Throughout the 1960s and 1970s the use of telegrams had dropped significantly, with around 10 million sent annually in the mid-1960s. Consequently, the Post Office took the decision in 1977 to abolish the service. The service continued for a few years and was briefly operated by British Telecom after it split from the Post Office. British Telecom announced on 19 October 1981 that the telegram would be discontinued, and it was finally taken out of service on 30 September 1982 after 139 years in the United Kingdom.

The telegram as such was superseded by the British Telecom Telemessage service, introduced in October 1982. Messages were dictated over the telephone or sent via telex, printed, and delivered overnight by first class post in a distinctive envelope guaranteed for next day delivery, rather than by messenger.

## In the United States

**Telegraph boys** were boys under the age of 18 who carried telegrams through urban streets and who were generally not union members. The job came with inherent hazards. Boys were expected to "scorch" their bicycles in urban traffic by violating traffic laws in order to reach their destinations more quickly. At night, the boys might be required to enter the red light districts in connection with their job duties.

## In Israel

As of October 2023, Israel Post still offers a domestic telegram service via its website.

## Notable telegram boys


title: Catlins Ranges

abstract: The Catlins Ranges are a series of rugged, roughly parallel hill ranges in the southeastern corner of New Zealand's South Island. The Catlins Ranges take their name from the name given to this part of the country - the Catlins. The ranges lie mostly in Otago, although their western extremes lie in Southland Region. The original land purchaser was whaling captain Edward Cattlin. He purchased an extensive block of land along Catlins River on 15 February 1840 from Kāi Tahu chief Hone Tūhawaiki for muskets and £30. However, New Zealand's land commissioners declined to endorse the purchase. There are four distinct ranges: the small Rata and Beresford Ranges in the northeast, the Maclennan Range in the southwest, and the Forest Range, which can be considered as an extension of the Maclennan Range. Each of these ranges is oriented along a northwest-southeast axis. The ranges are separated by the valleys of the Catlins and Tahakopa Rivers. Inland, close to the watersheds of these rivers, the boundaries between the ranges become indistinct, part of the reason why they are often grouped together under the one name. The Maclennan Range is the largest of the ranges in terms of length, being some 25 km (15 mi) in length, but most of the highest hills are found inland in the area where the ranges are not easily differentiated. The highest point in the Catlins Ranges is the 720 m (2361 ft) summit of Mt. Pye, which is located 25 km (40 mi) north-northeast of Waikawa. Other prominent peaks include Mt Rosebery, Ajax Hill, Catlins Cone, and Mt Tautuku.

text:
# Catlins Ranges

The **Catlins Ranges** are a series of rugged, roughly parallel hill ranges in the southeastern corner of New Zealand's South Island.

The Catlins Ranges take their name from the name given to this part of the country - the Catlins. The ranges lie mostly in Otago, although their western extremes lie in Southland Region. The original land purchaser was whaling captain Edward Cattlin (sometimes spelt Catlin). He purchased an extensive block of land along Catlins River on 15 February 1840 from Kāi Tahu chief Hone Tūhawaiki (also known as "Bloody Jack") for muskets and £30 (roughly NZ$3000 in 2005 dollars). However, New Zealand's land commissioners declined to endorse the purchase.

There are four distinct ranges: the small Rata and Beresford Ranges in the northeast, the Maclennan Range in the southwest, and the Forest Range, which can be considered as an extension of the Maclennan Range. Each of these ranges is oriented along a northwest-southeast axis. The ranges are separated by the valleys of the Catlins and Tahakopa Rivers. Inland, close to the watersheds of these rivers, the boundaries between the ranges become indistinct, part of the reason why they are often grouped together under the one name.

The Maclennan Range is the largest of the ranges in terms of length, being some 25 km (15 mi) in length, but most of the highest hills are found inland in the area where the ranges are not easily differentiated. The highest point in the Catlins Ranges is the 720 m (2361 ft) summit of Mt. Pye, which is located 25 km (40 mi) north-northeast of Waikawa. Other prominent peaks include Mt Rosebery (719 m; 2359 ft), Ajax Hill (698 m; 2290 ft), Catlins Cone (698 m; 2290 ft), and Mt Tautuku (691 m; 2266 ft).

46°25′0″S 169°20′0″E / 46.41667°S 169.33333°E / -46.41667; 169.33333


abstract: Germany participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 with the song "Black Smoke", written by Michael Harwood, Ella McMahon and Tonino Speciale. The song was performed by Ann Sophie. The German entry for the 2015 contest in Vienna, Austria was selected through the national final Unser Song für Österreich, organised by the German broadcaster ARD in collaboration with Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR). The national final took place on 3 March 2015 and featured eight competing acts, one of which was selected through a Club Concert wildcard round. The winner was selected through three rounds of public televoting, and "Heart of Stone" performed by Andreas Kümmert initially announced as the German entry for Vienna after gaining 78.7% of the votes in the third round, however the artist immediately forfeited his victory upon the announcement. The confirmation of national final runner-up "Black Smoke" performed by Ann Sophie as the German entry occurred during a post-show press conference. The unprecedented withdrawal of Kümmert garnered international media interest. As a member of the "Big Five", Germany automatically qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest. Performing in position 17, Germany placed twenty-seventh (last) out of the 27 participating countries and failed to score any points, making it the sixth time the nation had placed last in the history of the competition and the third time the nation received nul points.

text:
# Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015

Germany participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 with the song "Black Smoke", written by Michael Harwood, Ella McMahon and Tonino Speciale. The song was performed by Ann Sophie. The German entry for the 2015 contest in Vienna, Austria was selected through the national final *Unser Song für Österreich*, organised by the German broadcaster ARD in collaboration with Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR). The national final took place on 3 March 2015 and featured eight competing acts, one of which was selected through a Club Concert wildcard round. The winner was selected through three rounds of public televoting, and "Heart of Stone" performed by Andreas Kümmert initially announced as the German entry for Vienna after gaining 78.7% of the votes in the third round, however the artist immediately forfeited his victory upon the announcement. The confirmation of national final runner-up "Black Smoke" performed by Ann Sophie as the German entry occurred during a post-show press conference. The unprecedented withdrawal of Kümmert garnered international media interest.

As a member of the "Big Five", Germany automatically qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest. Performing in position 17, Germany placed twenty-seventh (last) out of the 27 participating countries and failed to score any points, making it the sixth time the nation had placed last in the history of the competition and the third time the nation received *nul points*.

## Background

Prior to the 2015 contest, Germany had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest fifty-eight times since its debut as one of seven countries to take part in 1956. Germany has won the contest on two occasions: in 1982 with the song "Ein bißchen Frieden" performed by Nicole and in 2010 with the song "Satellite" performed by Lena. Germany, to this point, has been noted for having competed in the contest more than any other country; they have competed in every contest since the first edition in 1956 except for the 1996 contest when the nation was eliminated in a pre-contest elimination round. In 2014, the German entry "Is It Right" performed by Elaiza placed eighteenth out of twenty-six competing songs scoring 39 points.

The German national broadcaster, ARD, broadcasts the event within Germany and delegates the selection of the nation's entry to the regional broadcaster Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR). NDR confirmed that Germany would participate in the 2015 Eurovision Song Contest on 23 May 2014. Since 2013, NDR had set up national finals with several artists to choose both the song and performer to compete at Eurovision for Germany. On 8 September 2014, the broadcaster announced that they would organise a multi-artist national final to select the German entry.

## Before Eurovision

### *Unser Song für Österreich*

*Unser Song für Österreich* (English: Our Song for Austria) was the competition that selected Germany's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2015. The competition took place on 5 March 2015 at the TUI Arena in Hannover, hosted by Barbara Schöneberger with Janin Reinhardt reporting from the green room. Like in the previous five years, the national final was co-produced by the production company Brainpool, which also co-produced the 2011 Eurovision Song Contest in Düsseldorf and the 2012 Eurovision Song Contest in Baku. Eight acts, one of them selected through a wildcard round, competed during the show with the winner being selected through a public televote. The show was broadcast on Das Erste and EinsFestival as well as online via the broadcaster's Eurovision Song Contest website *eurovision.de*.

#### Competing entries

Seven competing artists were selected by a nine-member panel consisting of Thomas Schreiber (ARD entertainment coordinator, head of the fiction and entertainment department for NDR), Steffen Müller (Warner Music Entertainment managing director for Central Europe), Konrad von Löhneysen (Embassy of Music managing director), Tom Bohne (Universal Music Senior Vice President), Aditya Sharma (Radio Fritz lead music editor), Nico Gössel (Sony Music head of promotion), Norbert Grundei (N-Joy program director), Jörg Grabosch (Brainpool managing director) and Claudia Gliedt (lead music editor for Brainpool). The seven participating acts were announced on 14 January 2015, while an additional act was selected through a wildcard round.

For the wildcard round, interested performers were able to apply by uploading a performance clip of an original or cover song via YouTube between 8 September 2014 and 9 January 2015. Singer-songwriter Andreas Bourani headed the campaign to encourage artists to apply. By the end of the process, it was announced that 1,213 applications were received and ten performers were selected by the nine-member panel. The ten participating artists each performed an original song during a Club Concert show that took place on 19 February 2015 at the Große Freiheit 36 in Hamburg, hosted by Barbara Schöneberger with Janin Reinhardt reporting from the green room and was broadcast on NDR Fernsehen and EinsPlus as well as online via *eurovision.de*. The winner, Ann Sophie, was selected solely by public televoting, including options for landline and SMS voting, and proceeded to the national final.

Club Concert – 19 February 2015
| Draw | Artist | Song | Songwriter(s) | Televote | Place |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Klangpoet | "4 U" | Stephan Baader, Ekrem Karaca, N'Gom, Zett1 | 11.6% | 4 |
| 2 | Lars Pinkwart | "Tornado" | Lars Pinkwart | 5.7% | 8 |
| 3 | Sophie | "Imperfection" | Guido Schwarz | 8.0% | 5 |
| 4 | Moonjos | "Haggard Heart" | Ben Galliers, Daniel Munoz, Ricardo Munoz | 12.0% | 3 |
| 5 | Louisa | "Boomerang" | Rupert Blackman, Eyelar Mirzazadeh | 2.5% | 10 |
| 6 | Aden Jaron | "We're on Fire" | Aden Jaron | 7.3% | 7 |
| 7 | Alisson Bonnefoy | "Burning Down" | Alisson Bonnefoy | 7.5% | 6 |
| 8 | Ann Sophie | "Jump the Gun" | The Beatgees, Katrina Noorbergen, Laila Samuelsen | 24.1% | 1 |
| 9 | Sendi | "Battlefield" | Sendi Hoxha | 3.2% | 9 |
| 10 | Ason | "Hey You" | Dorotea Andersson | 18.1% | 2 |

| Artist | Song | Songwriter(s) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Alexa Feser | "Das Gold von morgen" | Steve van Velvet, Alexa Feser |
| | "Glück" | |
| Andreas Kümmert | "Heart of Stone" | Andreas Kümmert, Christian Neander |
| | "Home Is in My Hands" | |
| Ann Sophie | "Black Smoke" | Michael Harwood, Ella McMahon, Tonino Speciale |
| | "Jump the Gun" | Beatgees, Katrina Noorbergen, Laila Samuels |
| Fahrenhaidt feat. Amanda Pedersen | "Frozen Silence" | Andreas John, Erik Macholl, Amanda Pedersen |
| Fahrenhaidt | "Mother Earth" | Andreas John, Erik Macholl, Alexander Freund, Fiora Cutler |
| Faun | "Abschied" | Ingo Politz, Bernd Wendlandt, Faun, Oliver Pade, Michael Frewert |
| | "Hörst du die Trommeln" | Ingo Politz, Bernd Wendlandt, Faun |
| Laing | "Wechselt die Beleuchtung" | Nicola Rost, Moritz Friedrich |
| | "Zeig deine Muskeln" | Michael Vajna, Nicola Rost |
| Mrs. Greenbird | "Shine Shine Shine" | Chris Buseck, Sarah Nücken, Steffen Brückner |
| | "Take My Hand" | Sarah Nücken, Steffen Brückner |
| Noize Generation feat. Patrik Jean | "A Song for You" | Linnea Deb, Joyce Leong, Anton Malmberg Hård af Segerstad, Jewgeni Grischbowski |
| Noize Generation | "Crazy Now" | Jewgeni Grischbowski, Axel Ehnström |

#### Final

The televised final took place on 3 March 2015. The winner was selected through three rounds of public televoting, including options for landline and SMS voting. In the first round of voting, each artist performed their selected first of their two songs and the top four artists were selected to proceed to the second round. In the second round, the four remaining artists performed their second song and the top two artists with one song each were selected to proceed to the final round. In the final round, "Heart of Stone" performed by Andreas Kümmert was announced as the winner, however Kümmert stated shortly after that he would cede his victory for runner-up Ann Sophie: "Thanks for your support, Germany, but right now I'm not in the right condition to do this and I want to give the chance to Ann Sophie. I'm just a little singer and she is the better choice." Following the show, NDR held a press conference confirming "Black Smoke" performed by Ann Sophie as the German entry for the 2015 Eurovision Song Contest. His unprecedented decision to withdraw later garnered international media attention. In addition to the performances of the competing entries, 2014 Austrian Eurovision Song Contest winner Conchita Wurst performed her entry "Rise Like a Phoenix" and her new song "You Are Unstoppable", while Mark Forster performed his song "Flash mich" and Swiss singer Stefanie Heinzmann performed her new song "In the End" during the show.

First Round – 3 March 2015
| Draw | Artist | Song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Mrs. Greenbird | "Shine Shine Shine" | Eliminated |
| 2 | Alexa Feser | "Glück" | Advanced |
| 3 | Faun | "Hörst du die Trommeln" | Eliminated |
| 4 | Noize Generation feat. Patrik Jean | "A Song for You" | Eliminated |
| 5 | Ann Sophie | "Jump the Gun" | Advanced |
| 6 | Fahrenhaidt feat. Amanda Pedersen | "Frozen Silence" | Eliminated |
| 7 | Laing | "Zeig deine Muskeln" | Advanced |
| 8 | Andreas Kümmert | "Home Is in My Hands" | Advanced |

Second Round – 3 March 2015
| Draw | Artist | Song | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Alexa Feser | "Das Gold von morgen" | Eliminated |
| | | "Glück" | Eliminated |
| 2 | Ann Sophie | "Black Smoke" | Advanced |
| | | "Jump the Gun" | Eliminated |
| 3 | Laing | "Wechselt die Beleuchtung" | Eliminated |
| | | "Zeig deine Muskeln" | Eliminated |
| 4 | Andreas Kümmert | "Heart of Stone" | Advanced |
| | | "Home Is in My Hands" | Eliminated |

Third Round – 3 March 2015
| Draw | Artist | Song | Televote | Place |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Ann Sophie | "Black Smoke" | 21.3% | 2 |
| ~~2~~ | ~~Andreas Kümmert~~ | ~~"Heart of Stone"~~ | ~~78.7%~~ | ~~1~~ |

#### Ratings

Viewing figures by show
| Show | Air date | Viewing figures | | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Nominal | Share | |
| Club Concert | 19 February 2015 | 520,000 | 2.4% |  |
| Final | 3 March 2015 | 3,200,000 | 10.3% |  |

### Promotion

Ann Sophie made several appearances across Europe to specifically promote "Black Smoke" as the German Eurovision entry. On 18 April, Ann Sophie performed during the *Eurovision in Concert* event which was held at the Melkweg venue in Amsterdam, Netherlands and hosted by Cornald Maas and Edsilia Rombley. On 26 April, Ann Sophie performed during the *London Eurovision Party*, which was held at the Café de Paris venue in London, United Kingdom and hosted by Nicki French and Paddy O'Connell.

## At Eurovision

According to Eurovision rules, all nations with the exceptions of the host country and the "Big Five" (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top ten countries from each semi-final progress to the final. In the 2015 contest, Australia also competed directly in the final as an invited guest nation. As a member of the "Big Five", Germany automatically qualified to compete in the final on 23 May 2015. In addition to their participation in the final, Germany was also required to broadcast and vote in one of the two semi-finals. During the semi-final allocation draw on 26 January 2015, Germany was assigned to broadcast and vote in the second semi-final on 21 May 2015.

In Germany, the two semi-finals were broadcast on EinsFestival and Phoenix, and the final was broadcast on Das Erste. All broadcasts featured commentary by Peter Urban. ARD also broadcast the three shows with sign language performers for the hearing impaired on EinsPlus. The final was watched by 8.09 million viewers in Germany, which meant a market share of 33.8 per cent. The German spokesperson, who announced the top 12-point score awarded by the German votes during the final, was Barbara Schöneberger.

### Final

Ann Sophie took part in technical rehearsals on 17 and 20 May, followed by dress rehearsals on 22 and 23 May. This included the jury final on 22 May where the professional juries of each country watched and voted on the competing entries. After technical rehearsals were held on 20 May, the "Big Five" countries, host country Austria and special guest Australia held a press conference. As part of this press conference, the artists took part in a draw to determine which half of the grand final they would subsequently participate in. Germany was drawn to compete in the second half. Following the conclusion of the second semi-final, the shows' producers decided upon the running order of the final. The running order for the semi-finals and final was decided by the shows' producers rather than through another draw, so that similar songs were not placed next to each other. Germany was subsequently placed to perform in position 17, following the entry from Montenegro and before the entry from Poland.

The German performance featured Ann Sophie performing on stage in a black pantsuit, high heels and a single large gold earring with black feathers with four backing vocalists. The staging presentation included yellow spotlights and lamps as well as Ann Sophie performing a routine that included walking, gesturing and dancing. The stage colours were black and white with the LED screens displaying black smoke. The four backing vocalists that joined Ann Sophie on stage were Giovanna Winterfeldt, Bibi Vongehr, Lan Syreen and Kayna Okwuazu. Germany placed twenty-seventh (last) in the final, failing to score any points. The nation initially tied with Austria as both countries finished with zero points, however, due to a tiebreaker rule that favours the song performed earliest in the running order, Germany was placed twenty-seventh, while Austria, which performed in position 14 during the final, placed twenty-sixth. This was the sixth time Germany finished in last place and the third time the nation received *nul points*, the previous occasions being in 1964 and 1965.

### Voting

Voting during the three shows consisted of 50 percent public televoting and 50 percent from a jury deliberation. The jury consisted of five music industry professionals who were citizens of the country they represent, with their names published before the contest to ensure transparency. This jury was asked to judge each contestant based on: vocal capacity; the stage performance; the song's composition and originality; and the overall impression by the act. In addition, no member of a national jury could be related in any way to any of the competing acts in such a way that they cannot vote impartially and independently. The individual rankings of each jury member were released shortly after the grand final.

Following the release of the full split voting by the EBU after the conclusion of the competition, it was revealed that Germany had placed twenty-fifth with the public televote and twentieth with the jury vote. In the public vote, Germany scored 5 points and in the jury vote the nation scored 24 points.

Below is a breakdown of points awarded to Germany and awarded by Germany in the second semi-final and grand final of the contest, and the breakdown of the jury voting and televoting conducted during the two shows:

#### Points awarded to Germany

Germany did not receive any points at the 2015 Eurovision Song Contest.

#### Points awarded by Germany

#### Detailed voting results

The following members comprised the German jury:

|
|  |
Detailed voting results from Germany (Semi-final 2)
| Draw | Country | J. Strate | L. Clio | M. Forster | Ferris MC | S. Meyer | Jury Rank | Televote Rank | Combined Rank | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 01 | Lithuania | 12 | 3 | 9 | 15 | 14 | 10 | 10 | 11 |  |
| 02 | Ireland | 8 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 12 | 9 | 2 |
| 03 | San Marino | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 15 | 16 |  |
| 04 | Montenegro | 16 | 10 | 13 | 11 | 10 | 13 | 11 | 12 |  |
| 05 | Malta | 13 | 8 | 11 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 17 | 14 |  |
| 06 | Norway | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 7 |
| 07 | Portugal | 7 | 9 | 14 | 12 | 13 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 1 |
| 08 | Czech Republic | 5 | 13 | 6 | 2 | 12 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 4 |
| 09 | Israel | 6 | 6 | 4 | 9 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 8 |
| 10 | Latvia | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 10 |
| 11 | Azerbaijan | 11 | 16 | 8 | 7 | 16 | 12 | 13 | 13 |  |
| 12 | Iceland | 14 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 8 | 16 | 16 | 17 |  |
| 13 | Sweden | 2 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | **12** |
| 14 | Switzerland | 15 | 12 | 10 | 13 | 11 | 14 | 14 | 15 |  |
| 15 | Cyprus | 4 | 11 | 5 | 14 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 5 |
| 16 | Slovenia | 9 | 7 | 12 | 10 | 6 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| 17 | Poland | 10 | 15 | 16 | 8 | 15 | 15 | 1 | 8 | 3 |

|
|  |
Detailed voting results from Germany (Final)
| Draw | Country | J. Strate | L. Clio | M. Forster | Ferris MC | S. Meyer | Jury Rank | Televote Rank | Combined Rank | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 01 | Slovenia | 15 | 8 | 19 | 13 | 10 | 10 | 23 | 20 |  |
| 02 | France | 21 | 25 | 12 | 6 | 22 | 17 | 25 | 22 |  |
| 03 | Israel | 9 | 7 | 6 | 18 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 5 |
| 04 | Estonia | 6 | 6 | 5 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 14 | 9 | 2 |
| 05 | United Kingdom | 20 | 20 | 26 | 14 | 23 | 23 | 26 | 26 |  |
| 06 | Armenia | 17 | 23 | 23 | 21 | 25 | 24 | 19 | 23 |  |
| 07 | Lithuania | 10 | 11 | 9 | 25 | 13 | 11 | 21 | 19 |  |
| 08 | Serbia | 16 | 22 | 17 | 19 | 11 | 15 | 9 | 11 |  |
| 09 | Norway | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 15 | 7 | 4 |
| 10 | Sweden | 3 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 10 |
| 11 | Cyprus | 11 | 18 | 13 | 23 | 21 | 16 | 16 | 18 |  |
| 12 | Australia | 8 | 9 | 8 | 4 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| 13 | Belgium | 5 | 3 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 8 |
| 14 | Austria | 7 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 5 | 8 | 17 | 12 |  |
| 15 | Greece | 13 | 19 | 16 | 22 | 18 | 19 | 13 | 17 |  |
| 16 | Montenegro | 19 | 16 | 25 | 16 | 14 | 20 | 24 | 24 |  |
| 17 | Germany |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 18 | Poland | 22 | 26 | 14 | 17 | 20 | 22 | 8 | 13 |  |
| 19 | Latvia | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 5 | 6 |
| 20 | Romania | 18 | 21 | 24 | 15 | 16 | 21 | 11 | 16 |  |
| 21 | Spain | 14 | 13 | 20 | 9 | 19 | 14 | 20 | 21 |  |
| 22 | Hungary | 12 | 17 | 10 | 20 | 15 | 13 | 10 | 10 | 1 |
| 23 | Georgia | 24 | 12 | 15 | 8 | 12 | 12 | 18 | 14 |  |
| 24 | Azerbaijan | 25 | 14 | 22 | 24 | 26 | 25 | 22 | 25 |  |
| 25 | Russia | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 1 | **12** |
| 26 | Albania | 26 | 24 | 18 | 26 | 24 | 26 | 6 | 15 |  |
| 27 | Italy | 23 | 15 | 21 | 11 | 17 | 18 | 1 | 8 | 3 |

## InfoBox

| Eurovision Song Contest 2015 | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Germany |
| National selection | |
| Selection process | *Unser Song für Österreich* |
| Selection date(s) | 5 March 2015 |
| Selected artist(s) | Ann Sophie |
| Selected song | "Black Smoke" |
| Selected songwriter(s) |  |
| Finals performance | |
| Final result | 27th (last), 0 points |
| Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest | |
| ◄2014 **2015** 2016► | |


title: Extranjera

abstract: Extranjera ("Foreigner") is the debut solo album by Mexican singer and songwriter Dulce María. Extranjera was divided into two EPs, starting with an EP Extranjera, containing seven songs, released on November 9, 2010. and the album Extranjera released on June 14, 2011, with 7 more tracks plus a DVD with extras. The first single off the EP and album was "Inevitable".

text:
# Extranjera

| Extranjera
(Segunda Parte) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Dulce María | |
| Released | June 14, 2011 (2011-06-14) |
| Recorded | 2009-2010 |
| Genre | Pop, dance-pop |
| Length | 49:01 |
| Label | Universal Music Latino |
| Producer | Carlos Lara, Pedro Damián, AXL, Dulce María, Sebastian Krys |
| Dulce María chronology | |
| *Extranjera
(Primera Parte)*
(2010) ***Extranjera
(Segunda Parte)***
(2011) *Sin Fronteras*
(2014) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Extranjera* | |
| 1. "Ya No"
Released: November 23, 2010 2. "Ingenua"
Released: June 20, 2011 | |
|  | |

***Extranjera*** ("Foreigner") is the debut solo album by Mexican singer and songwriter Dulce María. *Extranjera* was divided into two EPs, starting with an EP *Extranjera (Primera Parte)*, containing seven songs, released on November 9, 2010. and the album *Extranjera (Segunda Parte)* released on June 14, 2011, with 7 more tracks plus a DVD with extras. The first single off the EP and album was "Inevitable".

## Singles

"Inevitable" was released as the lead single from the album released on May 11, 2010. The music video for the song premiered on May 24, 2010.

"Ya No" was chosen as the second single off *Extranjera*, and was released to radios on November 16, 2010. "Ya No" is a cover from the late singer Selena off her *Amor Prohibido* album. Due to piracy issues the music video for "Ya No" was released on February 10, 2011. .

"Ingenua" was released as the album's third single.

## Track listing

Primera Parte
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Inevitable" | Dulce María, Axel Dupeyron, Andrea Hernández | AXL | 3:10 |
| 2. | "Luna" | Dulce María, Axel Dupeyron, Andrea Hernández | AXL | 2:50 |
| 3. | "No Se Parece" | Carlos Lara, Ximena Muñoz | Carlos Lara | 4:02 |
| 4. | "Vacaciones" | Alih Jay, Baltazar Hinojosa | Sebastian Krys | 3:00 |
| 5. | "Ingenua" | Pedro Dabdoub Sanchéz, Monica Velez | Mario I. Contreras | 3:28 |
| 6. | "El Hechizo" | Xabier San Martín Beldarrain | Carlos Lara | 3:56 |
| 7. | "Extranjera" | Pedro Dabdoub Sanchéz, Monica Velez | Sebastian Krys | 3:44 |

U.S. Version
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Inevitable" | Dulce María, Axel Dupeyron, Andrea Hernández | AXL | 3:08 |
| 2. | "Luna" | Dulce María | Dulce María, Axel Dupeyron, Andrea Hernández | 2:49 |
| 3. | "No Se Parece" | Carlos Lara, Ximena Muñoz | Carlos Lara | 4:02 |
| 4. | "Vacaciones" | Alih Jay, Baltazar Hinojosa | Sebastian Krys | 3:00 |
| 5. | "Extranjera" | Pedro Dabdoub Sanchéz, Monica Velez | Sebastian Krys | 3:45 |
| 6. | "Inevitable (Superheroes Remix)" | Dulce María, Axel Dupeyron, Andrea Hernández, J-King y Maximan | AXL, J-King y Maximan | 3:15 |

Segunda Parte
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Inevitable" | Dulce María, Axel Dupeyron, Andrea Hernández | AXL | 3:08 |
| 2. | "Irremediablemente" | Dulce Maria |  | 3:07 |
| 3. | "Ya No" | A.B. Quintanilla, Ricky Vela | A.B. Quintanilla | 3:24 |
| 4. | "Ingenua" | Pedro Dabdoub Sanchéz, Monica Velez | Mario I. Contreras | 3:22 |
| 5. | "Lo Intentaré" | Dulce Maria |  | 3:12 |
| 6. | "No Se Parece" | Carlos Lara, Ximena Muñoz | Carlos Lara | 4:02 |
| 7. | "Vacaciones" | Alih Jay, Baltazar Hinojosa | Sebastian Krys | 2:58 |
| 8. | "Luna" | Dulce María, Axel Dupeyron, Andrea Hernández | AXL | 2:47 |
| 9. | "Extranjera" | Pedro Dabdoub Sanchéz, Monica Velez | Sebastian Krys | 3:42 |
| 10. | "Dicen" | Dulce María |  | 2:41 |
| 11. | "Pensando En Ti" | Dulce María |  | 3:38 |
| 12. | "El Hechizo" | Xabier San Martín Beldarrain | Carlos Lara | 3:51 |
| 13. | "24/7" | Dulce Maria |  | 3:15 |
| 14. | "Quien Serás? (Live From El Lunario Mexico / 2010)" | Dulce María, Baltazar Hinojosa |  | 3:39 |

Brazilian bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 15. | "Extranjera Portuguese Version" | 3:41 |
| 16. | "Ingenua Portuguese Version" | 3:24 |

## Promotion

Extranjera On Tour
| Continental tour by Dulce María | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | South America • North America |
| Associated album | *Extranjera* |
| Start date | April 15, 2011 |
| End date | September 23, 2011 |
| Legs | 1 |
| No. of shows | 12 in North America
8 in South America
20 Total |

**Extranjera On Tour** was the tour staged in support of the album. The tour began in Puebla, Mexico on April 15, 2011 and wrapped up in Caracas, Venezuela on September 23, 2011.

## Charts and certifications

## InfoBox

| Extranjera
(Primera Parte) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Dulce María | |
| Released | November 9, 2010 (2010-11-09) |
| Recorded | 2009–2010 |
| Genre | Pop, dance-pop, latin pop |
| Length | 24:07 |
| Label | Universal Music Latino |
| Producer | Carlos Lara, Pedro Damián, AXL, Dulce María, Sebastian Krys |
| Dulce María chronology | |
| *RBD discography*
(2004-2009) ***Extranjera
(Primera Parte)***
(2010) *Extranjera
(Segunda Parte)*
(2011) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Extranjera* | |
| 1. "Inevitable"
Released: May 11, 2010 | |
|  | |


title: Carapinheira

abstract: Carapinheira is a town in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 2,898, in an area of 15.90 km². At 40°12'9"N 8°38'1"W, there is a 120 metres tall guyed mast used for a mediumwave transmitter working on 630 kHz.

text:
# Carapinheira

**Carapinheira** is a town in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 2,898, in an area of 15.90 km².

At 40°12'9"N 8°38'1"W, there is a 120 metres tall guyed mast used for a mediumwave transmitter working on 630 kHz.

## InfoBox

| Carapinheira | |
| --- | --- |
| Civil parish | |
| CarapinheiraLocation in Portugal | |
| Coordinates: 40°12′32″N 8°39′11″W / 40.209°N 8.653°W / 40.209; -8.653 | |
| Country | Portugal |
| Region | Centro |
| Intermunic. comm. | Região de Coimbra |
| District | Coimbra |
| Municipality | Montemor-o-Velho |
| Area | |
| Total | 15.90 km2 (6.14 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 2,898 |
| Density | 180/km2 (470/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC±00:00 (WET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+01:00 (WEST) |


title: Rachid Harkouk

abstract: Rachid Peter Harkouk is a former professional footballer who played as a forward. Born in England, he represented the Algeria national team at international level.

text:
# Rachid Harkouk

**Rachid Peter Harkouk** (born 19 May 1956) is a former professional footballer who played as a forward. Born in England, he represented the Algeria national team at international level.

## International career

Harkouk was born in England to an Algerian father and English mother of Welsh descent. He appeared for Algeria at the 1986 FIFA World Cup, coming on as a substitute for Rabah Madjer in their opening game against Northern Ireland. He did not feature against Brazil but was the lone striker against Spain. During that game, he sustained a knee injury that ended his career.

## Personal life

After his retirement from football, Harkouk became a businessman in the village of Burton Joyce. In August 2011, he was jailed for 28 months for conspiring to supply illegal drugs.

## Career statistics

### Club

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | National cup | | League cup | | Anglo-Scottish Cup | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Chertsey Town | 1974–1975 | Spartan League |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |  |  |
| Feltham | 1975–1976 | Athenian League |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |  |  |
| Crystal Palace | 1976–1977 | Third Division | 28 | 12 |  |  |  |  |  | |  | 13 |
| | 1977–1978 | Second Division | 26 | 9 |  |  |  |  |  | |  | 12 |
| | Total | | 54 | 21 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 63 | 25 |
| Queens Park Rangers | 1978–1979 | First Division | 15 | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | 1979–1980 | Second Division | 5 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | Total | | 20 | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Notts County | 1980–1981 | Second Division | 25 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 3 |  |  |
| | 1981–1982 | First Division | 18 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |
| | | 1982–1983 | 14 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |  |  |  |  |
| | | 1983–1984 | 32 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 1 |  |  |  |  |
| | 1984–1985 | Second Division | 35 | 15 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 |  |  |  | 20 |
| | 1985–1986 | Third Division | 20 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 |  |  |  |  |
| | Total | | 144 | 39 | 11 | 5 | 13 | 5 | 5 | 3 |  |  |
| Career total | | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## Hat-trick

| Date | competition | For | Against | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 30 October 1984 | League Cup **(R3)** | Notts County | Bolton Wanderers | 6–1 |  |
| 17 November 1985 | FA Cup **(R1)** | Notts County | Scarborough | 6–1 |  |

## Honours

## InfoBox

Rachid Harkouk
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Rachid Peter Harkouk | | |
| Date of birth | (1956-05-19) 19 May 1956 | | |
| Place of birth | Chelsea, England | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Chertsey Town | | |
|  | Feltham | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1974–1975 | Chertsey Town | 40 | (15) |
| 1975–1976 | Feltham |  |  |
| 1976–1978 | Crystal Palace | 54 | (21) |
| 1978–1980 | Queens Park Rangers | 20 | (3) |
| 1980–1986 | Notts County | 144 | (40) |
| International career | | | |
| 1986 | Algeria | 4 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Symmoca degregorioi

abstract: Symmoca degregorioi is a moth of the family Autostichidae. It is found in Spain.

text:
# Symmoca degregorioi

***Symmoca degregorioi*** is a moth of the family Autostichidae. It is found in Spain.

## InfoBox

| *Symmoca degregorioi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Autostichidae |
| Genus: | *Symmoca* |
| Species: | ***S. degregorioi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Symmoca degregorioi***<br>Requena, 2007 | |
|


title: Brzeziny, Gmina Skomlin

abstract: Brzeziny is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skomlin, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Skomlin, 12 km (7 mi) west of Wieluń, and 97 km (60 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Brzeziny, Gmina Skomlin

**Brzeziny** \[bʐɛˈʑinɨ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skomlin, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Skomlin, 12 km (7 mi) west of Wieluń, and 97 km (60 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

## InfoBox

| Brzeziny | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Brzeziny | |
| Coordinates: 51°12′37″N 18°24′52″E / 51.21028°N 18.41444°E / 51.21028; 18.41444 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Wieluń |
| Gmina | Skomlin |


title: Cameron Allan

abstract: Cameron Beck Allan was an Australian-born American-based composer, record producer, filmmaker and former label owner. In September 1978 he co-founded the record label Regular Records with fellow filmmaker Martin Fabinyi. Their first signing was the new wave group Mental As Anything, and their second was the pub rock band Flowers. Allan produced both groups' early work. His TV and film music compositions include Stir (1980), The Umbrella Woman Kojak: Ariana (1989), and Kojak: Flowers for Matty (1990). In 1986 he relocated to the United States and in July 1992 he married Margaret Wertheim, a science writer. The couple had separated by 2007. Cameron Allan died of liver failure, after a transplant, aged 57.

text:
# Cameron Allan

**Cameron Beck Allan** (July 9, 1955 – June 25, 2013) was an Australian-born American-based composer, record producer, filmmaker and former label owner. In September 1978 he co-founded the record label Regular Records with fellow filmmaker Martin Fabinyi. Their first signing was the new wave group Mental As Anything, and their second was the pub rock band Flowers. Allan produced both groups' early work. His TV and film music compositions include *Stir* (1980), *The Umbrella Woman* (1987, a.k.a. *The Good Wife*) *Kojak: Ariana* (1989), and *Kojak: Flowers for Matty* (1990). In 1986 he relocated to the United States and in July 1992 he married Margaret Wertheim, a science writer. The couple had separated by 2007. Cameron Allan died of liver failure, after a transplant, aged 57.

## Biography

Cameron Beck Allan was born on July 9, 1955, in Melbourne but grew up in Sydney with a younger brother, Richard. He attended Meadowbank Boys High School and then the Sydney Conservatorium of Music. While at the conservatorium he became a member of David Ahern's AZ Music ensemble, which included fellow composers Alan Holley, Robert Irving and Carl Vine.

In July 1973 Allan published a classical music composition, *Madrigal for String Orchestra*, for a four-piece ensemble: violin, viola, cello and double bass. During 1974 he provided the music arrangements for three episodes of the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) TV series *Ten Australians*, covering Fred Williams, Michael Taylor, and Ron Robertson-Swann.

By 1978 Allan had turned to filmmaking and teamed up with Martin Fabinyi to finance a film project, *The Lipstick Killers*. To raise money they formed an independent label, Regular Records, in September of that year. The first artists they signed to the label was Mental As Anything, a Sydney-based new wave music group. Allan produced their debut three-track extended play, *Mental As Anything Plays at Your Party* (December 1978).

According to Fabinyi, "We had no experience in the record business. This didn't faze Cameron. He was obsessively optimistic once he committed to a project. A friend at EMI gave us some time to record the band while Cameron simultaneously learnt how to work the equipment." Allan also produced Mental As Anything's first two full-length studio albums, *Get Wet* (November 1979) and *Espresso Bongo* (July 1980). Luis Feliu of *The Canberra Times* described how *Get Wet* "was recorded in Sydney and mixed in London by Cameron Allan, the band's producer, who did a great job. I couldn't pick a bad track on *Get Wet* and there's 14 of them."

Regular Records' second signing was the pub rock band Flowers (later renamed Icehouse); Allan co-produced their debut album, *Icehouse* (October 1980) with the group's leader, Iva Davies. At the *TV Week* / *Countdown* Music Awards for 1980 Allan was nominated for Best Australian Producer but lost out to Mark Opitz. Allan was the music director for the feature film *Stir*; at the AFI Awards of 1980 his work was nominated for Best Original Music Score, but he lost to Peter Sculthorpe.

Allan produced the Sports' fourth studio album, *Sondra*, after their previous two were produced by Peter Solley. According to their guitarist, Martin Armiger, "Solley was an international producer, who jetted in, and there was always a deadline of three or four weeks. In that situation you can't walk out or have a big argument; there isn't time. With Cameron, we knew we could badger him to get what we wanted, if need be. We had more time to get the sound we wanted." In 1983 Allan visited the United States, "to test the waters". Later in that decade he relocated to Los Angeles, where he worked as a TV and film music composer, although he often returned to Australia.

In June 1984 he produced the self-titled album by singer-songwriter Broderick Smith, which was issued via Wheatley Records/RCA Records. *The Canberra Times*' Virginia Cook felt, "\[it\] testifies to the successful marriage of soul and synthesiser, a marriage helped along by the expertise of producer, \[Allan\]... with the use of every synthesiser the production team could think of. Allan and Tim Kramer mixed the album using the Sony 1610 digital mastering system which, Smith said, gave his album a 'clean sound'." Allan described his personal record collection to Meg Stewart of *The Canberra Times*, in February 1986, "Mainly classical and sound tracks. I used to own a pop company (Regular Records) so there are a lot of pop records as well."

Allan provided the music score for the Australian feature film *The Umbrella Woman* (February 1987, a.k.a. *The Good Wife*) and the associated soundtrack album. At the 1987 AFI Awards he received another nomination for Best Original Music Score but lost to Paul Schütze. His work in America included music composition for *The Equalizer* for season four (October 1988 to August 1989); *Kojak: Ariana* (November 1989) and *Kojak: Flowers for Matty* (January 1990), two TV movies for the *Kojak* series (see List of *Kojak* episodes: TV Movies).

Allan worked on a documentary film, *My Crasy Life* (1991), which he co-produced with Mark Daniels: it was written by French filmmaker Jean-Pierre Gorin and investigates the lives of Samoan Americans in Long Beach's streets.

## Personal life

Cameron Allan's second marriage was to Margaret Wertheim on July 21, 1992, in Minden, Nevada. Wertheim is an Australian-born American-based science writer. In 1998 Allan and Wertheim co-produced and co-directed a documentary, *Faith & Reason*, on the interaction between science and religion. The couple also co-produced and co-directed *It's Jim's World ... We Just Live in It* (2001) on the theories of fringe scientist Jim Carter. Allan composed its music and Wertheim was its writer. By 2007 the couple had separated. Cameron Allan was diagnosed with a liver disease, he received a transplant and died in June 2013, aged 57.

## Discography

## Filmography

* *Ten Australians: Fred Williams* (Cameron Allan as music arranger) (TV series, 1974)
* *Ten Australians: Michael Taylor* (Cameron Allan as music arranger) (TV series, 1974)
* *Ten Australians: Ron Robertson-Swann* (Cameron Allan as music arranger) (TV series, 1974)
* *The Night the Prowler* (Cameron Allan as music director) (feature film, June 1978)
* *Stir* (Cameron Allan as music director) (feature film, October 1980)
* *Hoodwink* (Cameron Allan as music director) (feature film, November 1981)
* *Heatwave* (Cameron Allan as music director) (feature film, 1982)
* *Midnite Spares* (Cameron Allan as music director) (feature film, 1983)
* *Faith & Reason* (by Ronald Bailey, Cameron Allan and Margaret Wertheim) (VHS documentary, 1998)

1. Foulcher, John (July 19, 2013). "Goodbye Cameron Allan (1955–2013)". *Pitt Street Poetry*. Archived from the original on June 18, 2018. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
2. Fabinyi, Martin (July 19, 2013). "Composer Was a Restless Intellect". *The Sydney Morning Herald*. Archived from the original on June 18, 2018. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
3. Barnard, Geoffrey (November 1999). "David Ahern: Starting from Scratch" (PDF). Adelaide Festival. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 24, 2014. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
4. Burt, Warren (July 31, 2007). "Some Musical and Sociological Aspects of Australian Experimental Music". Australian Music Centre (AMC). Archived from the original on March 21, 2019. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
5. Allan, Cameron; Gesualdo, Carlo (July 1973), *Madrigal for String Orchestra*, archived from the original on November 10, 2023, retrieved June 18, 2018
6. Murphy, Bernice (Consultant); Williams, Fred; Garner, Stafford (Producer, Director); Allan, Cameron (Music arranger); Vile, Peter (Film editor); Robinson, Laurie (Sound engineer); Beilharz, Wolfgang (Photographer); Buchanan, Leone; Australian Broadcasting Commission; Australia Council. Visual Arts Board (1974), *Fred Williams*, Australian Broadcasting Commission \[production company\]: Visual Arts Board of the Australia Council \[production company\], archived from the original on November 10, 2023, retrieved June 19, 2018 `{{citation}}`: `|author5=` has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
7. Taylor, Michael; Wilson, Tony (Photographer); Moore, Stanley (Film editor); Murphy, Bernice (Consultant); Garner, Stafford (Producer, Director); Allan, Cameron (Music arranger); Gleeson, Garry (Sound engineer); Australian Broadcasting Commission; Australia Council. Visual Arts Board (1974), *Michael Taylor*, Australian Broadcasting Commission \[production company\]: Visual Arts Board of the Australia Council \[production company\], archived from the original on June 19, 2018, retrieved June 19, 2018 `{{citation}}`: `|author3=` has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
8. Wilson, Tony (Photographer); Robertson-Swann, Ron; Murphy, Bernice (Consultant); Batchelor, John (Sound engineer); Garner, Stafford (Producer, director); Allan, Cameron (Music arranger); Pokorny, Tomas (Film editor); Australian Broadcasting Commission; Australia Council. Visual Arts Board (1974), *Ron Robertson-Swann*, Australian Broadcasting Commission \[production company\]: Visual Arts Board of the Australia Council \[production company\], archived from the original on November 10, 2023, retrieved June 19, 2018 `{{citation}}`: `|author7=` has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
9. McFarlane, Ian (1999). "Encyclopedia entry for 'Mental as Anything'". *Encyclopedia of Australian Rock and Pop*. St Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-1-86508-072-7. Archived from the original on August 13, 2004. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
10. Nimmervoll, Ed. "Mental As Anything". Howlspace – The Living History of Our Music. White Room Electronic Publishing Pty Ltd (Ed Nimmervoll). Archived from the original on 26 July 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
11. Australian Rock Database entries:
    * Mental As Anything: Holmgren, Magnus; Johns, Shane; Warnqvist, Stefan. "Mental As Anything". *hem.passagen.se*. Australian Rock Database (Magnus Holmgren). Archived from the original on September 29, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
    * Icehouse: Holmgren, Magnus. "The Flowers / Icehouse". *hem.passagen.se*. Australian Rock Database (Magnus Holmgren). Archived from the original on September 29, 2013. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
    * The Sports: Holmgren, Magnus; Warnqvist, Stefan; Hitchins, Paul. "The Sports". *hem.passagen.se*. Australian Rock Database (Magnus Holmgren). Archived from the original on November 27, 2013. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
    * Broderick Smith: Holmgren, Magnus. "Broderick Smith". *hem.passagen.se*. Australian Rock Database (Magnus Holmgren). Archived from the original on September 29, 2013. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
12. "Rock Music: Causing a Few Ripples". *The Canberra Times*. Vol. 54, no. 16, 123. November 16, 1979. p. 25. Archived from the original on November 10, 2023. Retrieved June 19, 2018  via National Library of Australia.
13. McFarlane, Ian (1999). "Encyclopedia entry for 'Icehouse'". *Encyclopedia of Australian Rock and Pop*. Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86448-768-2. Archived from the original on 2004-09-17. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
14. "*Countdown* Show no.:241 Date: 22/3/1981". Countdown Archives. Archived from the original on September 24, 2016. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
15. Smiley Films; Wallace, Stephen (Director); Brown, Bryan (Actor); Brennan, Richard (Producer); Waddell, Gary (Actor); New South Wales Film Corporation; Miller, Dennis (Actor); Allan, Cameron (Music director); Motherwell, Phil (Actor); Phipps, Max (Actor); Burton, Geoff (Photography); Dangar, Henry (Film editor); Gow, Michael (Actor) (October 1980), *Stir*, archived from the original on June 19, 2018, retrieved June 19, 2018 `{{citation}}`: `|author12=` has generic name (help)
16. "AACTA – Past Winners 1980". *1980 Australian Film Institute Awards*. Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA). Archived from the original on June 21, 2018. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
17. "Jack Thompson proposed for best-actor award". *The Canberra Times*. Vol. 54, no. 16, 410. August 30, 1980. p. 9. Archived from the original on November 10, 2023. Retrieved June 19, 2018  via National Library of Australia.
18. McFarlane, Ian (1999). "Encyclopedia entry for 'The Sports'". *Encyclopedia of Australian Rock and Pop*. St Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86508-072-1. Archived from the original on August 6, 2004. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
19. Moore, Susan (10 June 1981). "Moore on Pop". *The Australian Women's Weekly, TV and Entertainment World*. p. 123. Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2014  via National Library of Australia.
20. "Timespan: Broderick Smith takes the synthesised road". *The Canberra Times*. Vol. 58, no. 17, 797. June 20, 1984. p. 24. Archived from the original on November 10, 2023. Retrieved June 19, 2018  via National Library of Australia.
21. Stewart, Meg (February 23, 1986). "The Best Take Five... Sound Systems". *The Canberra Times*. Vol. 60, no. 18, 407. p. 83. Archived from the original on November 10, 2023. Retrieved June 19, 2018  via National Library of Australia. Note: last name is incorrectly given as Allen.
22. "*Good Wife*". Archived from the original on June 21, 2018. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
23. "*Umbrella Woman, The*: DVD". *Urban Cine File*. August 13, 2009. Archived from the original on August 13, 2009. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
24. "AACTA – Past Winners 1987". *1987 Australian Film Institute Awards*. Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA). Archived from the original on June 21, 2018. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
25. Gorin, Jean-Pierre (Author of screenplay); Marks, Daniel (Producer); Allan, Cameron (Producer); Rodman, Howard (Author of screenplay); Mangolte, Babette (Cinematographer); Thumim, Brand (Film editor); Yuasa, Jōji (Composer); Masur, Richard; The Criterion Collection (Firm) (2012), *My Crasy Life*, The Criterion Collection, ISBN 978-1-60465-550-6 `{{citation}}`: `|author1=` has generic name (help)
26. "Cameron Allan". *Composers Classical Music*. Archived from the original on September 13, 2015. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
27. Faith & Reason *(VHS Tape, 1998)*. Princeton, NJ: Films for the Humanities. OCLC 40065121.
28. It's Jim's World ... We Just Live in It *(DVD video, 2001)*. Five Continents Music. OCLC 976168215.
29. Haithman, Diane (May 6, 2007). "Wild and Woolly Imaginations". *Los Angeles Times*. Archived from the original on May 13, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
30. Vine, Carl; Allan, Cameron (1975), *Block*, La Trobe University, archived from the original on November 10, 2023, retrieved June 18, 2018
31. Chariot Films Pty Ltd; Allan, Cameron; Buckley, Anthony (Producer); Cracknell, Ruth (Actor); Frawley, John (Actor); Sanderson, David (Cinematography); Sharman, Jim (Director); Walker, Kerry (Actor); White, Patrick (Writer) (June 1978), *The Night the Prowler* (DVD), archived from the original on November 10, 2023, retrieved June 19, 2018
32. Oliver, Pamela M (Producer); Sullivan, Errol (Producer); Whatham, Claude (November 1981), *Hoodwink*, Umbrella Aussie DVD, archived from the original on June 21, 2018, retrieved June 21, 2018, Credits: Photographed by Dean Semler; designed by Ross Major; music by Cameron Allan
33. "*Heatwave*: DVD". *Urban Cine File*. September 22, 2016. Archived from the original on September 24, 2016. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
34. "*Midnite Spares*". Screen Australia. Archived from the original on February 2, 2023. Retrieved June 20, 2018.

## InfoBox

| Cameron Allan | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Cameron Beck Allan |
| Born | (1955-07-09)July 9, 1955
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| Origin | Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| Died | June 25, 2013(2013-06-25) (aged 57)
Memphis, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Genres |  |
| Occupations | * Record producer * composer |
| Years active | 1973–2013 |


title: Procedural due process

abstract:
Procedural due process is a legal doctrine in the United States that requires government officials to follow fair procedures before depriving a person of life, liberty, or property. When the government seeks to deprive a person of one of those interests, procedural due process requires at least for the government to afford the person notice, an opportunity to be heard, and a decision made by a neutral decisionmaker. Procedural due process is required by the Due Process Clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution. The article "Some Kind of Hearing" written by Judge Henry Friendly created a list of basic due process rights "that remains highly influential, as to both content and relative priority." The rights, which apply equally to civil due process and criminal due process, are the following:
  - An unbiased tribunal.
  - Notice of the proposed action and the grounds asserted for it.
  - The opportunity to present reasons for the proposed action not to be taken.
  - The right to present evidence, including the right to call witnesses.
  - The right to know the opposing evidence.
  - The right to cross-examine adverse witnesses.
  - A decision based only on the evidence presented.
  - Opportunity to be represented by counsel.
  - A requirement that the tribunal prepare a record of the evidence presented.
  - A requirement that the tribunal prepare written findings of fact and the reasons for its decision. Not all the above rights are guaranteed in every instance when the government seeks to deprive a person life, liberty, or property. At minimum, a person is due only notice, an opportunity to be heard, and a decision by a neutral decisionmaker. Courts use various tests to determine whether a person should also be guaranteed any of the other above procedural rights.

text:
# Procedural due process

**Procedural due process** is a legal doctrine in the United States that requires government officials to follow fair procedures before depriving a person of life, liberty, or property. When the government seeks to deprive a person of one of those interests, procedural due process requires at least for the government to afford the person notice, an opportunity to be heard, and a decision made by a neutral decisionmaker. Procedural due process is required by the Due Process Clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution.

The article "Some Kind of Hearing" written by Judge Henry Friendly created a list of basic due process rights "that remains highly influential, as to both content and relative priority." The rights, which apply equally to civil due process and criminal due process, are the following:

1. An unbiased tribunal.
2. Notice of the proposed action and the grounds asserted for it.
3. The opportunity to present reasons for the proposed action not to be taken.
4. The right to present evidence, including the right to call witnesses.
5. The right to know the opposing evidence.
6. The right to cross-examine adverse witnesses.
7. A decision based only on the evidence presented.
8. Opportunity to be represented by counsel.
9. A requirement that the tribunal prepare a record of the evidence presented.
10. A requirement that the tribunal prepare written findings of fact and the reasons for its decision.

Not all the above rights are guaranteed in every instance when the government seeks to deprive a person life, liberty, or property. At minimum, a person is due only notice, an opportunity to be heard, and a decision by a neutral decisionmaker. Courts use various tests to determine whether a person should also be guaranteed any of the other above procedural rights.

1. Glicksman, Robert L.; Levy, Richard E. (2010). *Administrative Law: Agency Action in Legal Context*. 9781599416106: Foundation Press.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location (link)
2. Strauss, Peter. "DUE PROCESS". Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 8 March 2013.


title: David Zwirner

abstract: David Zwirner is a German art dealer and owner of the David Zwirner Gallery in New York City, Los Angeles, London, Hong Kong, and Paris. His gallery represents over seventy artists.

text:
# David Zwirner

**David Zwirner** (born October 23, 1964) is a German art dealer and owner of the David Zwirner Gallery in New York City, Los Angeles, London, Hong Kong, and Paris.

His gallery represents over seventy artists.

## Early life and education

Zwirner was born in Cologne, West Germany. The son of art dealer Rudolf Zwirner and his wife Ursula, he was exposed to art at an early age as the family lived in a house with a gallery on the ground floor. At the suggestion of the art dealer Harold Diamond, Rudolf sent David and his sister to the Walden School in New York for one year.

Zwirner left West Germany after high school and attended New York University, where he studied music and performed as a jazz drummer.

## Career

On graduating, Zwirner returned to West Germany and worked in Hamburg in A&R for an affiliate of the PolyGram record label. Zwirner moved from working with musical talent to visual artists, and began to build his own art collection, acquiring works by Bernd and Hilla Becher, Hanne Darboven, and Dan Graham. His first job in the United States was with the art dealer Brooke Alexander at Brooke Alexander Gallery.

In 1993, Zwirner opened David Zwirner Gallery in the SoHo neighborhood of New York City with the intention of showcasing an international mix of contemporary artists.

From 2000 to 2009, David Zwirner also partnered with Iwan Wirth in Zwirner & Wirth, a gallery on New York's Upper East Side that focused on private sales. The collaboration yielded a series of exhibitions, including *Gerhard Richter: Early Paintings* (2000); *Bruce Nauman* (2001); *Cy Twombly: Letter of Resignation* (2002/2003); *Claes Oldenburg: Early Work* (2005); *David Hammons* (2006); *Joseph Beuys: Sculpture and Drawing* (2007); and *Dan Flavin: The 1964 Green Gallery Exhibition* (2008).

In 2002, David Zwirner gallery moved to Chelsea and established three galleries in Chelsea in four years. Zwirner planned to open a new gallery in 2021 on West 21st Street in New York City and would be the first commercial gallery space to be designed by architect Renzo Piano. David Zwirner decided not to move forward with this project in 2024.

Aside from New York, David Zwirner gallery opened a London gallery in 2012, a Hong Kong gallery in 2018, and a Paris gallery in 2019. He also opened 52 Walker, run by Ebony L. Haynes, in 2021 and Los Angeles galleries in Melrose Hill in 2023.

In 2017, David Zwirner established the first commercial online viewing room to sell art online and in 2018, he launched a podcast. In 2021, he announced the creation of a publishing house to make and sell original prints by contemporary artists.

In 2021, Zwirner and his wife Monica proposed to the relevant authorities their plan for the Bridgeford Cottages, an artists’ retreat that would involve the complete reconstruction of 17 cottages and a large single-family house at 31 East Lake Drive in Montauk, New York. The couple also proposed subsidizing the rental fees for the 17 cottages.

## Philanthropy

In 2001, Zwirner organized the "I Love NY Art Benefit" exhibition at David Zwirner Gallery to benefit victims of the World Trade Center attacks. A few days after the September 11 attacks, Zwirner asked its artists to donate works to the exhibition. He then called on the help of other New York dealers to organize their own benefit exhibitions. The initiative led to a citywide benefit with more than 150 participating galleries and alternative spaces. As with the exhibition at David Zwirner Gallery, all proceeds raised by the galleries benefited the Robin Hood Relief Fund, part of the Robin Hood Foundation.

In October 2006, May 2008, and July 2015, gallery artist Marcel Dzama organized three charity art auctions and exhibitions at the gallery in New York, all to benefit 826NYC, a nonprofit organization dedicated to supporting young students with their writing skills. Published by McSweeney's Books on the occasion of the 2006 auction, a special limited edition catalog reproduced artworks alongside criticism by eight-year-olds. In March 2011, Zwirner, fellow art dealer, and parent Christopher D'Amelio organized the art donations for the Grace Church School 25th Annual Scholarship Benefit Auction.

In April 2011, actor, director, and philanthropist Ben Stiller joined Zwirner to organize Artists For Haiti (Art Auction), an auction to raise funds for education and health programs for children. The auction took place at Christie's in New York on September 22, 2011. It raised $13,662,000. It said that one hundred percent of the sales would go to support non-profit organizations working in Haiti, including Architecture for Humanity, J/P Haitian Relief Organization, Partners in Health, Grameen Creative Lab, Artists for Peace and Justice, Ciné Institute, and The Stiller Foundation.

In April 2014, Zwirner hosted the annual Acria Unframed Auction to benefit HIV/AIDS research and education programs at his New York gallery. The event raised a record-breaking $1 million for charity. In February 2015, David Zwirner organized the annual auction to benefit Friends Seminary, the oldest continuously coeducational school in New York City. The exhibition featured more than 60 works, many donated by gallery artists, and raised over $500,000 for the school's largest fundraising event to date. In December 2016, gallery artist James Welling selected 65 works for an exhibition and sale to benefit the Foundation for Contemporary Arts (FCA) and grants for individual artists. 16 works were contributed by artists at Welling's invitation and 49 were selected from the FCA's collection, including works from its first benefit exhibition in 1963.

At *The New York Times* Art Leaders conference in April 2018, Zwirner suggested that upcoming galleries threatened by the rising cost of art admissions to art fairs could be assisted by larger galleries paying more. This was seen as a strategy to prevent the polarised art market from shrinking.

## Other activities

## Recognition

Since 2012 Zwirner has consistently ranked among the top five of the annual "Power 100" list published by the *ArtReview* magazine; he has been on the list since 2003. In 2012, he was in second place on *Forbes* magazine's list of "America's Most Powerful Art Dealers". In 2023, the Observer included him in their list of "The Most Influential People in the Art World Today".

## Personal life

Zwirner is married to Monica Seeman. They have three children and reside in New York City.

## InfoBox

| David Zwirner | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1964-10-23) October 23, 1964<br>Cologne, West Germany |
| Occupation | Art dealer |
| Spouse | Monica Seeman |
| Children | 3 |
| Parent | Rudolf Zwirner |


title: Cautelary jurisprudence

abstract: Cautelary jurisprudence is law made in a precautionary way prior to or outside of the normal legislative enactment. It meant empirical, practical legal efforts aimed at solving individual cases, as distinguished from regular jurisprudence which sought to establish abstract rules under which individual cases would fall. Cautelary law is a tentative "procedure" used by lawyers. Initially, in Ancient Rome, the idea of inheritance as being subject to conditions was not in practice. With cautio muciana it gave those who are to inherit a legacy, the legatees, a "negative authority" over something which otherwise would not have occurred until the death of the owner of the legacy, the legator. The legatee provides a stipulatio or cautio, promising something in return for a legacy. Thus, for example, it may be stipulated in the negative, "I agree that I can have full and exclusive use of, and live in the house, so long as I am not married." Cautelary jurisprudence nowadays is associated with inheritance law and the administration of trusts. The various inventions by lawyers of these new, arrangements, or forms of law, are often enacted outside of nation or state legislature, but with agreement amongst other lawyers and/or judges.

text:
# Cautelary jurisprudence

**Cautelary jurisprudence** is law made in a precautionary way prior to or outside of the normal legislative enactment. It meant empirical, practical legal efforts aimed at solving individual cases, as distinguished from regular jurisprudence which sought to establish abstract rules under which individual cases would fall.

Cautelary law is a tentative "procedure" used by lawyers. Initially, in Ancient Rome, the idea of inheritance as being subject to conditions was not in practice. With *cautio muciana* it gave those who are to inherit a legacy, the *legatees*, a "negative authority" over something which otherwise would not have occurred until the death of the owner of the legacy, the *legator*.

The legatee provides a *stipulatio* or *cautio*, promising something in return for a legacy. Thus, for example, it may be stipulated in the negative, "I agree that I can have full and exclusive use of, and live in the house, so long as I am not married."

Cautelary jurisprudence nowadays is associated with inheritance law and the administration of trusts. The various inventions by lawyers of these new, arrangements, or forms of law, are often enacted outside of nation or state legislature, but with agreement amongst other lawyers and/or judges.

1. Tuori, Kaius. *Ancient Roman Lawyers and Modern Legal Ideals: Studies on the Impact of Contemporary Concerns in the Interpretation of Ancient Roman Legal History* Vittorio Klostermann: 2007 ISBN 3-465-04034-1 ISBN 9783465040347; p. 42