title: Dahanu Lok Sabha constituency

abstract: Dahanu was a Lok Sabha parliamentary constituency of Maharashtra.

text:
# Dahanu Lok Sabha constituency

**Dahanu** was a Lok Sabha parliamentary constituency of Maharashtra.

## Members of Lok Sabha

| Year | Member | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *1952-67 : Constituency did not exist* | | | |
| 1967 | Yashwantrao Martandrao Mukne |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1971 | Laxman Dumada | | |
| 1977 | Kom Shidava |  | Communist Party of India |
| 1980 | Damodar Shingada |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1984 | | | |
| 1989 | | | |
| 1991 | | | |
| 1996 | Chintaman Wanaga |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 1998 | Shankar Sakharam |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1999 | Chintaman Wanaga |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2004 | Damodar Shingada |  | Indian National Congress |
| *2009 onwards : See Palghar Lok Sabha constituency* | | | |
|

20°00′N 72°48′E / 20.0°N 72.8°E / 20.0; 72.8

## InfoBox

| Dahanu | |
| --- | --- |
| Former Lok Sabha constituency | |
| Constituency details | |
| Country | India |
| Region | Western India |
| State | Maharashtra |
| Abolished | 2009 |
| Reservation | ST |


abstract: Sakartvelos Skauturi Modzraobis Organizatsia, the national Scouting organization of Georgia, was founded in 1994, and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1997. The coeducational Sakartvelos Skauturi Modzraobis Organizatsia has 1,343 members as of 2011.

text:
# Sakartvelos Skauturi Modzraobis Organizatsia

***Sakartvelos Skauturi Modzraobis Organizatsia*** (in Georgian: საქართველოს სკაუტური მოძრაობის ორგანიზაცია; 'Georgian Organization of the Scout Movement'), the national Scouting organization of Georgia, was founded in 1994, and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1997. The coeducational *Sakartvelos Skauturi Modzraobis Organizatsia* has 1,343 members as of 2011.

## History

Scouting first came to what is now the Republic of Georgia around the 1920s, by way of the British business community in the western part of the country. There was no formalized Georgian Scouting within Georgia prior to the breakup of the former USSR, and within Georgia, Scouting did not exist during the period preceding the collapse of the Soviet Union.

## Rebirth

In 1992, students at Tbilisi State University began to take an interest in Scouting. The Georgian Scouting Organization was officially founded in 1994 and become the 147th member of the World Scout Movement in January, 1998. *Sak'art'velos Skauturi Modzraobis Organizatsia* presently has 1,092 members, both boys and girls. Georgian Scouts have actively participated in several World Scouting events, Jamborees and Moots, including the 1995 World Jamboree in the Netherlands (at the invitation of the World Scout Committee) and the Chile World Jamboree in 1998-99.

In the summer of 1996, two Georgian Scouts attended the National Jamboree in Denmark. Although they arrived late due to visa problems, they expressed gratitude for being able to attend, and took back with them a lot of information about Scouting programs in Denmark.

The Scouts et Guides de France have been working with the Georgian Scouts to help with organization, training and programs. The Georgian Scouts maintain close ties with Scouts de France and other European and Eurasian Scout Associations. It is expected that the Georgian Scouts will grow rapidly through the schools.

In 2008, a group of about 20 Scouts went to Sweden for a Swedish camp together with *Norra Lidingö Sjöscoutkår* (Northern Lidingö Sea Scout troop). The camp took place during the beginning of the Russo-Georgian War. In 2009, a group of Swedish Scouts from the same troop went to Georgia to attend in a Georgian Scout camp and after the camp home hospitality. Georgian Scouts plan to revisit Sweden in 2010, and the Swedish Scouts plan to visit Georgia again in 2011, the same year as the World Scout Jamboree in Sweden.

## Program and ideals

* Cub Scouts – 7 to 11
* Scouts – 12 to 15
* Rovers – 16 to 20

The Scout Motto is იყავი მზად (*ikavi mzad*), translating as 'Be Prepared' in Georgian. The Georgian noun for a single Scout is სკაუტი, transliterating as *skauti*.

The fleur-de-lis in the membership badge of *Sak'art'velos Skauturi Modzraobis Organizatsia* is made of the initials of the organization S-S-M-O in the Georgian alphabet.

### Scout Oath (პირობა \[*Piroba*\], 'Promise')

პირობას ვდებ, რომ ყოველ ღონეს ვიხმარ, რათა მოვიხადო ვალი ღვთის, სამშობლოს და საკუთარი თავის წინაშე. ყოველთვის და ყველგან დავეხმარო ადამიანებს და ვიცხოვრო სკაუტების კანონების შესაბამისად.

**Transliteration**: *pirobas vdeb, rom qovel ḡones vixmar, rata movixado vali ḡvt'is, samšoblos da sak'ut'ari t'avis cinaše. qovelt'vis da qvelgan davexmaro adamianebs da vic'xovro sk'autebis kanonebis šesabamisad*.

**Translation**:

I promise that I will do my best –

To do my duty to God, my Country and to myself,

To help other peoples at all times and in all places,

To obey the Scout Law.

### Scout Law (კანონი \[*Kanoni*\])

1. სკაუტის სიტყვას ენდობიან (*skautis sityvas endobian*);

2. სკაუტი მუდამ გვერდში გიდგათ (*skauti mudam gverdshi gidgat*);

3. სკაუტი ყველასთვის მეგობარია და ყველა სკაუტის ძმაა (*skauti yvelastvis megobaria da yvela skautis dzmaa*);

4. სკაუტი ზრდილობიანია (*skauti zrdilobiania*);

5. სკაუტი ბუნების მეგობარია (*skauti bunebis megobaria*);

6. სკაუტი არასოდეს ნებდება (*skauti arasodes nebdeba*);

7. სკაუტი გულწრფელია ფიქრით, სიტყვითა და საქმით (*skauti gultsrpelia fiqrit, sitqvita da saqmit*).

**Translation:**

1. A Scout is trustworthy;

2. A Scout is always by your side;

3. A Scout is a friend to all, and a brother to every other Scout;

4. A Scout is courteous;

5. A Scout is a friend to Nature;

6. A Scout never gives up;

7. A Scout is clean in thoughts, words and actions.

## Regional subdivisions

Tbilisi Organisation of Georgian Scout Movement (საქართველოს სკაუტური მოძრაობის თბილისის ორგანიზაცია) is a regional subdivision of Georgian Organisation of the Scout Movement. It was established in April, 2006.

## InfoBox

| Sakartvelos Skauturi Modzraobis Organizatsia | |
| --- | --- |
| საქართველოს სკაუტური მოძრაობის ორგანიზაცია | |
| Country | Georgia |
| Membership | 1,343 |
| Affiliation | World Organization of the Scout Movement |
|  | |
| **Website**<br>scout.ge | |
|  | |
|


title: Scott Mason (cricketer)

abstract: Scott Robert Mason was an Australian cricketer who played first-class cricket for Tasmania. He was a left-handed batsman who averaged 27.21 with the bat in 28 first-class games and 9.42 with the bat in 8 one-day domestic games. In first-class cricket he scored 1252 runs with two centuries and five half-centuries with a highest score of 174. In one-day domestic cricket he scored just 66 runs with a highest score of 16. In 2003–04 season he scored 126 against WA.

text:
# Scott Mason (cricketer)

**Scott Robert Mason** (27 July 1976  9 April 2005) was an Australian cricketer who played first-class cricket for Tasmania. He was a left-handed batsman who averaged 27.21 with the bat in 28 first-class games and 9.42 with the bat in 8 one-day domestic games. In first-class cricket he scored 1252 runs with two centuries and five half-centuries with a highest score of 174. In one-day domestic cricket he scored just 66 runs with a highest score of 16.

In 2003–04 season he scored 126 against WA.

## Death

Mason was feeling sluggish during pre-season training in August 2004. He discovered he had a heart condition and underwent open heart surgery to have a new valve inserted. This meant he missed the 2004–05 season.

On 7 April 2005 Scott Mason suffered a heart-attack while batting in the nets for Tasmania. Two days later he was officially declared dead in the Royal Hobart Hospital. He was 28.

## Legacy

Former Tasmanian captain Jamie Cox paid tribute to Mason:

> It is just tragic and ironic that a guy whose heart was metaphorically so big and a man who was so courageous that it was the thing in the end that cost him his life. A likeable guy, competitive and inspirational, and one of our true team leaders, and we missed him on the field enormously this season, undoubtedly on the field, but nowhere near as much as we will miss him now. He was such a natural leader and so much so, he may have been a future Tasmanian captain. His career was just about to take off when he was struck down last year."... He was a guy who was as tough as possible, and took his last breath with his bat in his hand, like a warrior. He touched a lot of people in his life, he was a really determined little bugger who never gave in but unfortunately this battle was too much for him.

Mason's life is commemorated by an annual Sheffield Shield game in Hobart between Tasmania and Victoria, the Scott Mason Memorial.

## InfoBox

Scott Mason
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Scott Robert Mason |
| Born | (1976-07-27)27 July 1976
Launceston, Tasmania, Australia |
| Died | 9 April 2005(2005-04-09) (aged 28)
Hobart, Tasmania, Australia |
| Batting | Left-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm off-break |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1997/98–2003/04 | Tasmania |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class List A  Matches 28 8  Runs scored 1,252 66  Batting average 27.21 9.42  100s/50s 2/5 0/0  Top score 174 16  Catches/stumpings 15/– 3/– | |
|  | |
| Source: CricInfo, 4 July 2024 | |


title: Pseudotetracha corpulenta

abstract: Pseudotetracha corpulenta is a species of tiger beetle in the subfamily Cicindelinae that was described by George Henry Horn in 1907. It is endemic to Australia.

text:
# Pseudotetracha corpulenta

***Pseudotetracha corpulenta*** is a species of tiger beetle in the subfamily Cicindelinae that was described by George Henry Horn in 1907. It is endemic to Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudotetracha corpulenta* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cicindelidae |
| Genus: | *Pseudotetracha* |
| Species: | ***P. corpulenta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudotetracha corpulenta***<br>(Horn, 1907) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Megacephala corpulenta* (Horn, 1907) | |


title: Terrors on Horseback

abstract: Terrors on Horseback is a 1946 American Western film directed by Sam Newfield and written by Milton Raison. The film stars Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Patti McCarty, I. Stanford Jolley, Kermit Maynard and Henry Hall. The film was released on May 1, 1946, by Producers Releasing Corporation.

text:
# Terrors on Horseback

***Terrors on Horseback*** is a 1946 American Western film directed by Sam Newfield and written by Milton Raison. The film stars Buster Crabbe, Al St. John, Patti McCarty, I. Stanford Jolley, Kermit Maynard and Henry Hall. The film was released on May 1, 1946, by Producers Releasing Corporation.

## Plot

## Cast

The "Billy the Kid" films starring Buster Crabbe:

## InfoBox

| Terrors on Horseback | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Sam Newfield |
| Screenplay by | Milton Raison |
| Produced by | Sigmund Neufeld |
| Starring | Buster Crabbe
Al St. John
Patti McCarty
I. Stanford Jolley
Kermit Maynard
Henry Hall |
| Cinematography | Jack Greenhalgh |
| Edited by | Holbrook N. Todd |
| Production
company | Sigmund Neufeld Productions |
| Distributed by | Producers Releasing Corporation |
| Release date | * May 1, 1946 (1946-05-01) |
| Running time | 55 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Shilihe station

abstract: Shilihe station is an interchange station between Line 10, Line 14 and Line 17 of the Beijing Subway. Line 10 station opened on December 30, 2012. Line 14 station opened on December 26, 2015. Line 17 station opened on December 31, 2021, and is the current northern terminus of the southern section of the line until it connects to the north section at Workers' Stadium.

text:
# Shilihe station

**Shilihe station** (Chinese: 十里河站; pinyin: *Shílǐhé Zhàn*) is an interchange station between Line 10, Line 14 and Line 17 of the Beijing Subway. Line 10 station opened on December 30, 2012. Line 14 station opened on December 26, 2015. Line 17 station opened on December 31, 2021, and is the current northern terminus of the southern section of the line until it connects to the north section at Workers' Stadium.

## Station layout

The line 10, line 14 and line 17 stations all have underground island platforms. Only the southbound platform of line 17 is in use.

## Exits

There are 10 exits, lettered A, B, D, E, G, H, J, K1, K2 and L. Exits D, G and L are accessible.

## InfoBox

| Shilihe
十里河 | |
| --- | --- |
| Line 10 platform

Line 14 platform

Line 17 platform | |
| General information | |
| Location | Shilihe Bridge, East 3rd Ring Road South and Zuo'an Road (左安路) / Dayangfang Road (大羊坊路)
Shibalidian, Chaoyang District, Beijing
China |
| Coordinates | 39°51′59″N 116°27′29″E / 39.866417°N 116.457983°E / 39.866417; 116.457983 |
| Operated by | Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corporation Limited (Line 10)
Beijing MTR Corporation Limited (Line 14 & Line 17) |
| Line(s) |  |
| Platforms | 6 (3 island platforms) |
| Tracks | 6 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Underground |
| Accessible | Yes |
| History | |
| Opened | December 30, 2012 (2012-12-30)
(Line 10)
December 26, 2015 (2015-12-26)
(Line 14)
December 31, 2021 (2021-12-31)
(Line 17) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Beijing Subway Following station  Panjiayuanouter loop / anticlockwise  Line 10  Fenzhongsiinner loop / clockwise  Fangzhuangtowards Zhangguozhuang  Line 14  Beijing Univ. of Tech. West Gatetowards Shangezhuang  *Terminus*  Line 17 South section  Zhoujiazhuangtowards Jiahuihu | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  ShiliheLocation in central Beijing | |


title: Esio Trot (film)

abstract: Roald Dahl's Esio Trot, or simply Esio Trot, is a British comedy drama television film directed by Dearbhla Walsh and written by Richard Curtis and Paul Mayhew-Archer, based on the 1990 novel, Esio Trot, by Roald Dahl. In the film, a retired bachelor falls in love with his neighbour, a widow who keeps a tortoise as a companion after the death of her husband. Roald Dahl's Esio Trot debuted in the United Kingdom on 1 January 2015, on BBC One. It was seen by 7.86 million viewers, making it the ninth-most watched programme on BBC One and across all United Kingdom TV channels for the week ending 4 January 2015.

text:
# Esio Trot (film)

***Roald Dahl's Esio Trot***, or simply ***Esio Trot***, is a British comedy drama television film directed by Dearbhla Walsh and written by Richard Curtis and Paul Mayhew-Archer, based on the 1990 novel, *Esio Trot*, by Roald Dahl. In the film, a retired bachelor (Dustin Hoffman) falls in love with his neighbour, a widow (Judi Dench) who keeps a tortoise as a companion after the death of her husband.

*Roald Dahl's Esio Trot* debuted in the United Kingdom on 1 January 2015, on BBC One. It was seen by 7.86 million viewers, making it the ninth-most watched programme on BBC One and across all United Kingdom TV channels for the week ending 4 January 2015.

## Cast

## Music

The musical score is by composer Tim Phillips. All the commercial music used in the show is that of New Orleans jazz singer and trumpeter Louis Armstrong and his All-Stars, which includes Edmond Hall, Trummy Young, Billy Kyle, Arvell Shaw and Barrett Deems.

## Differences from Dahl's novel

* Mr. Pringle (Hoppy's rival for the affections of Mrs Silver) does not appear in the novel.
* In the novel, Mr. Hoppy's ruse of switching tortoises to fool Mrs. Silver into thinking that hers is growing is successful, and she never discovers the truth. In the movie, she discovers Mr. Hoppy's plan, but eventually marries him anyway.

## Production

Charlotte Moore announced the television film at the Edinburgh International Television Festival on 22 August 2013. It was produced by Hilary Bevan Jones and directed by Dearbhla Walsh. Bevan Jones said, "To bring together two of the world's favourite actors in Dame Judi and Dustin is a dream come true. Richard and Paul have captured the magic of Roald Dahl’s wonderful tale and I am thrilled that Dearbhla is to direct it." It was adapted by Richard Curtis and Paul Mayhew-Archer, and filming took place in May 2014 in London. The apartment block featured in the film is Adelaide Wharf in Haggerston.

## Reviews

The adaptation received praise, with Lucy Mangan in *The Guardian* writing, "An utterly, completely, inescapably beguiling adaptation of Roald Dahl's book by Richard Curtis and Paul Mayhew-Archer, directed by Dearbhla Walsh, narrated by James Corden and starring Dustin Hoffman and Judi Dench. You could argue that with a pedigree like that nothing could have gone wrong, but it doesn’t work like that. Although you can maximise your chances of being able to conjure it, charm is ineffable, alchemical. You can't measure it out by the yard and cut it off when you've got enough. You can't splash it on to a scene and then stopper it to make sure you've got enough for the next take. It just … appears, if you're careful and if you're lucky. And then it ripples through your film, or your play or your book, animating all and subtly transforming everything from a prosaic good – or even great – into a thing of wonder."

## Awards

| Year | Award | Category | Nominated | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 | 44th International Emmy Awards | Best Performance by an Actor | Dustin Hoffman | Won |
| | | Best Performance by an Actress | Judi Dench | Nominated |
|

## InfoBox

| *Esio Trot* | |
| --- | --- |
| DVD cover | |
| Based on | *Esio Trot*<br>by Roald Dahl |
| Written by |  |
| Directed by | Dearbhla Walsh |
| Starring |  |
| Composer | Tim Phillips |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Executive producers |  |
| Producer | Hilary Bevan Jones |
| Cinematography | Ben Smithard |
| Editor | Tim Murrell |
| Running time | 90 minutes |
| Production company | Endor Productions |
| Original release | |
| Network | BBC One |
| Release | 1 January 2015 (2015-01-01) |


title: Dahanu Road–Vadodara Superfast Express

abstract: The 22929/30 Dahanu Road–Vadodara Superfast Express is a Superfast train belonging to Western Railway zone that runs between Dahanu Road and Vadodara Junction in India. It is currently being operated with 22929/22930 train numbers on a daily basis.

text:
# Dahanu Road–Vadodara Superfast Express

The 22929/30 **Dahanu Road–Vadodara Superfast Express** is a Superfast train belonging to Western Railway zone that runs between Dahanu Road and Vadodara Junction in India. It is currently being operated with 22929/22930 train numbers on a daily basis.

## Service

* 22929/Dahanu Road–Vadodara Superfast Express has an average speed of 55 km/h (34 mph) and covers 273 km (170 mi) in 4 hrs 55 mins.
* 22930/Vadodara–Dahanu Road Superfast Express has an average speed of 58 km/h (36 mph) and covers 273 km (170 mi) in 4 hrs 45 mins.

## Route and halts

The important halts of the train are:

## Coach composition

The train has standard ICF rakes with max speed of 110 km/h (68 mph). The train consists of 13 coaches:

* 1 First Class Non-AC
* 10 General Unreserved
* 2 Seating cum Luggage Rake

## Traction

Both trains are hauled by a Vadodara Loco Shed based WAP-5/4 electric locomotive from Dahanu Road to Vadodara Junction and vice versa.

1. "The three coaches derailed freight train". Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
2. SOME WR TRAINS TO RUN AS SUPERFAST WITH NEW NUMBER
3. Clear skies, no fog: Passengers want cancelled Shatabdi back on tracks

## InfoBox

Dahanu Road–Vadodara Superfast Express
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Service type | Superfast |
| Current operator(s) | Western Railway zone |
| Route | |
| Termini | Dahanu Road (DRD)<br>Vadodara Junction (BRC) |
| Stops | 14 |
| Distance travelled | 273 km (170 mi) |
| Average journey time | 4 hrs 55 mins |
| Service frequency | Daily |
| Train number(s) | 22929/22930 |
| On-board services | |
| Class(es) | Monthly Season Ticket 1st Class, Monthly Season Ticket 2nd Class, General Unreserved |
| Seating arrangements | Yes |
| Sleeping arrangements | No |
| Catering facilities | No |
| Observation facilities | ICF coach |
| Entertainment facilities | No |
| Baggage facilities | No |
| Other facilities | Below the seats |
| Technical | |
| Rolling stock | 2 |
| Track gauge | 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) |
| Operating speed | 57 km/h (35 mph), including halts |
| Route map | |


title: Bryan Young (cricketer)

abstract: Bryan Andrew Young is a former international cricketer who played 35 Test matches and 74 One Day Internationals (ODIs) for New Zealand between 1990 and 1999. He played internationally as a right-handed opening batsman who scored over 2,000 Test runs, including a highest score of 267 not out against Sri Lanka in 1997.

text:
# Bryan Young (cricketer)

**Bryan Andrew Young** (born 3 November 1964) is a former international cricketer who played 35 Test matches and 74 One Day Internationals (ODIs) for New Zealand between 1990 and 1999. He played internationally as a right-handed opening batsman who scored over 2,000 Test runs, including a highest score of 267 not out against Sri Lanka in 1997.

## Early life and domestic career

Young was born at Whangārei in the Northland Region of New Zealand in 1964. He began his cricket career as a wicket-keeper and lower-order batsman for Northern Districts. He made his first-class cricket debut for the side in January 1984 and played for the side until the end of the 1997/98 season when he moved to Auckland for his final season as a professional cricketer. He played more than 150 matches for Northern Districts.

## International cricket

Young made his international debut for New Zealand in an ODI against Australia at Melbourne in December 1990. During the early 1990s he became a "dogged" opening batsman and played his first Test match in December 1993 during New Zealand's tour of Australia. He went on to make 35 test and 74 ODI appearances for the national side, playing his final international matches in March 1999 against South Africa. Young acquired a reputation as a slow scoring opening batsman and his record as an opener has been described as "traditional, old-school". He scored 38 runs from 167 deliveries in his first Test innings before going on to make a half century in his second innings, making 53 from 122 balls and in December 1994 he scored the third slowest half-century in Test history, taking 333 minutes to reach 50 runs in the second Test on New Zealand's tour of South Africa.

His batting could also, however, lead to New Zealand victories. He made 120 runs to anchor a difficult run chase in the fourth innings of the Christchurch Test against the touring Pakistan side in 1994, adding 154 runs with Shane Thomson for the fifth wicket, and his score of 267 not out, the only double-century of his career, lead to an inning victory over Sri Lanka at Dunedin in March 1997. His score of 267 not out against the touring Sri Lankans in 1997 was the second highest Test match score made by a New Zealander at the time and the highest score by an opening batsman from the country. Young was also an effective slip fielder, on average taking almost a catch in every innings in which he fielded at Test level.

## InfoBox

Bryan Young
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Bryan Andrew Young |
| Born | (1964-11-03) 3 November 1964<br>Whangārei, New Zealand |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Role | Batsman/Wicket-keeper |
| International information | |
| National side |  |
| Test debut (cap 186) | 3 December 1993 v Australia |
| Last Test | 18 March 1999 v South Africa |
| ODI debut (cap 75) | 11 December 1990 v Australia |
| Last ODI | 27 March 1999 v South Africa |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition Test ODI FC LA  Matches 35 74 163 172  Runs scored 2,034 1,668 7,489 4,452  Batting average 31.78 24.52 32.14 28.72  100s/50s 2/12 0/9 10/37 2/27  Top score 267 74 267 108  Balls bowled   48   Wickets   1   Bowling average   76.00   5 wickets in innings   0   10 wickets in match   0   Best bowling   1/76   Catches/stumpings 54/0 28/0 297/11 84/12 | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 4 May 2017 | |


title: Cantonese profanity

abstract: The five most common Cantonese profanities, vulgar words in the Cantonese language are diu (屌/𨳒), gau (㞗/𨳊/鳩), lan (𡳞/𨶙/撚), tsat (杘/𨳍/柒) and hai (㞓/屄/閪), where the first ("diu") literally means fuck, "hai" is a word for female genitalia and "gau" refers to male genitalia. They are sometimes collectively known as the "outstanding five in Cantonese" (廣東話一門五傑). These five words are generally offensive and give rise to a variety of euphemisms and minced oaths. Similar to the seven dirty words in the United States, these five words are forbidden to say and are bleep-censored on Hong Kong broadcast television. Other curse phrases, such as puk gai (仆街/踣街) and ham gaa caan (冚家鏟/咸家鏟), are also common.

text:
# Cantonese profanity

The five most common **Cantonese profanities**, vulgar words in the Cantonese language are *diu* (/𨳒), *gau* (/𨳊/), *lan* (𡳞/𨶙/), *tsat* (/𨳍/) and *hai* (//), where the first ("diu") literally means *fuck*, "hai" is a word for female genitalia and "gau" refers to male genitalia. They are sometimes collectively known as the "outstanding five in Cantonese" (廣東話一門五傑). These five words are generally offensive and give rise to a variety of euphemisms and minced oaths. Similar to the seven dirty words in the United States, these five words are forbidden to say and are bleep-censored on Hong Kong broadcast television. Other curse phrases, such as *puk gai* (仆街/踣街) and *ham gaa caan* (冚家鏟/咸家鏟), are also common.

## Vulgar words

### *Diu*

*Diu* (Traditional Chinese:  or , Jyutping: diu2), literally meaning *fuck*, is a common but grossly vulgar profanity in Cantonese. In a manner similar to the English word *fuck*, *diu2* expresses dismay, disgrace and disapproval. Examples of expressions include *diu2 nei5!* (屌你！ or 𨳒你！, fuck you!) and the highly offensive *diu2 nei5 lou5 mou2!* (屌你老母 or 𨳒你老母, fuck your mother) or *diu2 nei5 lou5 mou2 cau3 hai1!* (屌你老母臭㞓 or 𨳒你老母臭閪, fuck your mother's stinky cunt).

The word *diu* was originally a noun meaning the penis and evolved as a verb. Regarded as a grossly vulgar word in Cantonese, the word has gained a new meaning in Taiwan to refer to "cool". In this context, the Mandarin pronunciation may not be censored on TV broadcasts but the original Cantonese pronunciation is still taboo.

Certain euphemisms exist, including *siu* () (small/little), *tsiu* (), *yiu* ().

### *Gau*

*Gau* (Traditional Chinese:  or  or ; Jyutping: gau1, but more commonly written as  (*haau1*) or  (*gou1*) despite different pronunciations, is a vulgar Cantonese word which literally means erected *cock* or *cocky*.

The phrase 𨳊 *ngong6 gau1* is an adjective that may be loosely translated as a "dumbass". Minced variants include 戇居 *ngong6 geoi1*, 戇Q *ngong6 kiu1*, 硬膠／硬胶 *ngaang6 gaau1* (*lit.* hard plastic) and "on9" (used in internet slang). The phrase *mou4 lei4 tau4 gau1* (無厘頭尻) meaning "makes no sense" was cut to *mou4 lei4 tau4* to avoid the sound *gau1*. Similar to "fucking" in English, this word is usually used as an adverb. Compare this:

* 黐線 (crazy)
* 黐㞗線 (fucking crazy)

Two common euphemisms *gau*, which only differ in the tone, include  *gau2* (nine) and  *gau2* (dog, but it may change the original "dumbass" meaning into "cunning" instead).

### *Lan*

*Lan* ( or Chinese: ; Jyutping: lan2), more commonly idiomatically written as  *lan*, is another vulgar word that means penis. Similar to *gau*, this word is also usually used as an adverb.

*lan yeung* (𡳞 or ) can be loosely translated as "dickface".

Euphemisms includes  *laan* (lazy) or  *nang* (able to).

### *Tsat*

*Tsat* ( or  or Chinese: ; Jyutping: cat6), more commonly idiomatically written as , is a vulgar word for an impotent penis. *Ban6 cat6* (笨杘) (stupid dick) is a more common phrase among others. However, it is usually used as a vulgar adjective especially among the youth. It means "ugly" or "shameful".

*cat6 tau4* (杘頭 or 柒頭 or 𡴶頭) can be loosely translated as "dickhead".

A common euphemism is  *cat1* (seven), which only differs in the tone. Other euphemisms include  *caat3* (to brush) and  *caak6* (thieves). As a result, thieves that are easily caught by the police are often intentionally described as 笨賊 *ban6 caak6* (stupid thieves) in the newspaper to achieve the humorous effects from the phrase *ban6 cat6*.

### *Hai*

*Hai* (Traditional Chinese:  or  or  ; Jyutping: hai1) is a common vulgar word that literally means vagina. The English equivalent is "cunt".  is more common on the mainland of China, with  being used in Hong Kong and Macao. The Chinese character  consists of two parts: the upper part is  that means "body" while the bottom part  means "a hole". The Chinese character thus literally means a "hole at the bottom of the body". Two common phrases include  *so4 hai1* (silly cunt) and 臭㞓 *cau3 hai1* (stinking cunt). Also another phrase is 屌㞓 *diu2 hai1* (fuck a pussy).

A common euphemism is 西 *sai1* (west). The phrase 西口西面 *sai1 hau2 sai1 min6* (west mouths and west faces) is often used to describe women who have an impolite look. Some terms that are associated with western culture, such as 西人 *sai1 yan4* (westerners), may become Cantonese jokes that are based on the ambiguity of the pronunciations or tones. Other euphemisms include  *haai4* (shoes) and  *haai5* (crabs). As a result, crabs are sometimes intentionally linked with other words such as stinking and water to achieve some vagina-related humorous effects.

The word *hai* can also mean total failure, as in the phrase *hai1 saai3* (). The Chinese character , one of whose meanings is similar to the English "bask", functions in Cantonese as the verbal particle for the perfective aspect. To further stress the failure, sometimes the phrase *hai1 gau1 saai3* is used (the word *gau* that means penis is put in between the original phrase). Since this phrase is highly offensive (it consists of two of the five vulgar words), a euphemism or *xiehouyu*, a kind of Chinese "proverb", is sometimes used. As in a normal *xiehouyu*, it consists of two elements: the former segment presents a scenario, while the latter provides the rationale thereof. One would often only state the first part, expecting the listener to know the second. The first part is "a man and a woman having a sunbath (naked)" (男女日光浴). Since the penis and vagina are both exposed to the sun, the second part is *hai1 gau1 saai3* (㞓㞗晒)—a pun for total failure. Therefore, if one wants to say that something is a total failure, he only has to say 男女日光浴, and the listener will understand the intended meaning.

## Other curse phrases

### *Puk gaai*

*Puk gai* (踣街, more commonly idiomatically written as 仆街; *pūk gāai*) literally means "falling onto street", which is a common curse phrase in Cantonese that may be translated into English as "drop dead". It is sometimes used as a noun to refer to an annoying person that roughly means a "prick". The phrase can also be used in daily life under a variety of situations to express annoyance, disgrace or other emotions. Since the phrase does not involve any sexual organs or reference to sex, some argue that it should not be considered as profanity. Nevertheless, "PK" is often used as a euphemism for the phrase. The written form can be seen on graffiti in Hong Kong and in Guangdong.

In Southeast Asia, the meaning of the phrase has evolved so that it is no longer a profanity, and is usually taken to mean "broke/bankrupt" or "epic fail". In Taiwan, it is commonly used to refer to planking. The term is additionally used in a colloquial sense by Malays in Singapore in which case it is usually rendered as "*pokai*".

### *Ham gaa caan*

*Ham6 gaa1 caan2* ( or more commonly written as ; Jyutping: *ham6 gaa1 caan2*) is another common curse phrase in Cantonese that literally means *may your whole family be bulldozed*.  *caan2* means *to be bulldozed*, which possibly relates to a funeral and ultimately to the meaning of death. Like *puk6 gaai1*, the phrase can both be used to mean *prick* or to express annoyance, but many find *ham gaa caan* much more offensive than *puk gaai*, since the phrase targets the listener's whole family instead of just themself.

咸家伶 or 冚家拎 *Ham6 gaa1 ling1*, 咸家富貴 or 冚家富貴 *ham6 gaa1 fu3 gwai3* (may the whole family be rich), 咸家祥 or 冚家祥 *ham gaa ceong* (may the whole family be fortunate) are common variants but  *ling* (to take/carry something) has little logical relations with the original phrase. Adding the words *ham gaa* (whole family) in front of a blessing can actually reverse the meaning. The appropriate word for *the whole family* is 全家 *cyun gaa* to avoid any negative meanings.

In Hong Kong, there are specific by-laws that forbid the usage of profanity in public. For instance, it is not permitted to "use obscene language ... in Ocean Park", for which "an offence is liable on conviction to a fine at level 1 and to imprisonment for 1 month", while in the MTR, it was prohibited to "use any threatening, abusive, obscene or offensive language". However, despite the explicit prohibition by various laws, the exact definition of "obscene language" is not given in the ordinance.

## Notes and references

### Notes

### References

1. Bauer, Robert S.; Benedict, Paul K. (1997). *Modern Cantonese Phonology*. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-014893-5. Part of Chapter 3 concerns Cantonese profanity.
2. Bolton, Kingsley; Hutton, Christopher (1997). "Bad boys and bad language: chou hau and the sociolinguistics of swearwords in Hong Kong Cantonese". In Evans, Grant; Tam, Maria (eds.). *Hong Kong: the Anthropology of a Chinese Metropolis*. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. ISBN 0-7007-0601-1.
3. Pang, Chi Ming (2007). *Little Dogs are too Lazy to Polish Shoes (小狗懶擦鞋): a Study of Hong Kong Profanity Culture* (in Chinese). Hong Kong Subculture Publishing. ISBN 978-962-992-161-3.


title: Ptychohyla

abstract: Ptychohyla is a genus of frogs in the family Hylidae. These frogs are found in the southern Mexican states of Chiapas, Guerrero, and Oaxaca, and Central America to western Panama. Ptychohyla has a pale pink iris and nuptial outgrowth in breeding males that differentiates this new species from other Mexican frog groups. This new species usually live in untouched tropical forest. They are known to be vulnerable in modified habitat by humans.

text:
# Ptychohyla

***Ptychohyla*** is a genus of frogs (common names: **stream frogs**, **mountain stream frogs**) in the family Hylidae. These frogs are found in the southern Mexican states of Chiapas, Guerrero, and Oaxaca, and Central America to western Panama.

*Ptychohyla* has a pale pink iris and nuptial outgrowth in breeding males that differentiates this new species from other Mexican frog groups. This new species usually live in untouched tropical forest. They are known to be vulnerable in modified habitat by humans.

## Species

The following species are recognised in the genus *Ptychohyla*:

| Binomial name and author | Common name |
| --- | --- |
| *P. dendrophasma* (Campbell, Smith, and Acevedo, 2000) | Phantom treefrog |
| *P. euthysanota* (Kellogg, 1928) | Cloud forest stream frog |
| *P. hypomykter* (McCranie and Wilson, 1993) | Copan stream frog |
| *P. legleri* (Taylor, 1958) | Legler's stream frog |
| *P. leonhardschultzei* (Ahl, 1934) | Schultze's stream frog |
| *P. macrotympanum* (Tanner, 1957) | Pine forest stream frog |
| *P. salvadorensis* (Mertens, 1952) | Salvador stream frog |
| *P. zophodes* (Campbell and Duellman, 2000) | Gloomy Mountain stream frog |
|

* Duellman, W. E. (1960): Synonymy, variation, and distribution of *Ptychohyla leonhard-schultzei* Ahl. Studies of American hylid frogs. IV - *Herpetologica* **16**: 191–197

* AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. \[web application\]. 2008. Berkeley, California: *Ptychohyla*. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: April 23, 2008).

## InfoBox

| *Ptychohyla* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Ptychohyla salvadorensis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Hylidae |
| Subfamily: | Hylinae |
| Genus: | *Ptychohyla*<br>Taylor, 1944 |
|
| Species | |
| See text. | |


title: Debbie McClendon

abstract: Debbie McClendon is an American gospel musician and Christian R&B singer, who is a traditional black gospel, urban contemporary gospel, and contemporary Christian music recording artist. She started her music career, in 1985, and released four studio albums until 1990, I Can Hardly Wait, Count It All Joy, Morning Light, and Get a Grip. McClendon was nominated for two GMA Dove Awards in 1987 and 1988, in the Contemporary Black Gospel Album category. She was nominated for a Grammy Award, in 1988, for Best Gospel Vocal Performance, Female.

text:
# Debbie McClendon

**Debbie McClendon** (born June 15, 1960) is an American gospel musician and Christian R&B singer, who is a traditional black gospel, urban contemporary gospel, and contemporary Christian music recording artist. She started her music career, in 1985, and released four studio albums until 1990, *I Can Hardly Wait*, *Count It All Joy*, *Morning Light*, and *Get a Grip*. McClendon was nominated for two GMA Dove Awards in 1987 and 1988, in the Contemporary Black Gospel Album category. She was nominated for a Grammy Award, in 1988, for Best Gospel Vocal Performance, Female.

## Early life

McClendon was born on June 15, 1960, in Pasadena, California.

## Music career

Her music recording career began in 1985, when she released, *I Can Hardly Wait*, with Light Records. This album was nominated for a GMA Dove Award in the Contemporary Black Gospel Album category, at the 18th GMA Dove Awards in 1987. The subsequent studio album, *Count It All Joy*, was released in 1987, from Star Song Communications. Her Grammy Award nomination came at the 30th Grammy Awards ceremony in 1988, for the Best Gospel Vocal Performance, Female of the song, "Count It All Joy". It was also nominated for the Contemporary Black Gospel Album, at the 19th GMA Dove Awards, in 1988. The third studio album, *Morning Light*, was released in 1989 by Frontline Records. She released, *Get a Grip*, with Frontline Records, in 1990. McClendon had three radio hits during her career, "He Won't Let Me Down (Every Time I Call)", that was No. 12 in 1987, "In the Valley" that was No. 13 in 1989, and "Fear Not" that was No. 19 during 1990.

In 2011-12, McClendon and husband Scott Smith were briefly the worship leaders at the Crystal Cathedral and televised Hour of Power services, a shift away from the church's longtime focus on traditional music with organ and orchestra.

## Discography

### Studio albums

* *I Can Hardly Wait* (1985, Light)
* *Count It All Joy* (1987, StarSong)
* *Morning Light* (1989, Frontline)
* *Get a Grip* (1990, Frontline)

## InfoBox

| Debbie McClendon | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1960-06-15) June 15, 1960<br>Pasadena, California |
| Genres | Gospel, Christian R&B, CCM, urban contemporary gospel, traditional black gospel |
| Occupation(s) | Singer, songwriter |
| Instrument | vocals |
| Years active | 1985–present |
| Labels | Light, StarSong, Frontline |


title: Shiliin Bogd

abstract: The Shiliin Bogd is an extinct volcano in Sükhbaatar Province, Mongolia. The Shiliin Bogd 70 kilometer away from Altan Ovoo which in the center of Dariganga soum. The Shiliin Bogd is the highest peak in Sükhbaatar Province at 1,778 metres (5,833 ft) above sea level and has a crater of 2 kilometers wide and over 300 metres (980 ft) deep. Shiliin or Shil means there is less water thus there are fewer herders live in this area. The Shiliin Bogd is one of the most visited places for Mongolians especially for men for their belief.

text:
# Shiliin Bogd

The **Shiliin Bogd** (Mongolian: Шилийн богд) is an extinct volcano in Sükhbaatar Province, Mongolia. The Shiliin Bogd 70 kilometer away from Altan Ovoo which in the center of Dariganga soum. The Shiliin Bogd is the highest peak in Sükhbaatar Province at 1,778 metres (5,833 ft) above sea level and has a crater of 2 kilometers wide and over 300 metres (980 ft) deep. Shiliin or Shil means there is less water thus there are fewer herders live in this area. The Shiliin Bogd is one of the most visited places for Mongolians especially for men for their belief.

## InfoBox

| Shiliin Bogd | |
| --- | --- |
| View above Shiliin bogd | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 1,778 m (5,833 ft) |
| Coordinates | 45°28′17″N 114°35′2″E / 45.47139°N 114.58389°E / 45.47139; 114.58389 |
| Geography | |
| Shiliin BogdLocation in Mongolia | |
| Location | Mongolia |
| Geology | |
| Mountain type | extinct volcano |


title: Seguidilla

abstract: The seguidilla is an old Castilian folksong and dance form in quick triple time for two people with many regional variations. The music is generally in a major key and often begins on an offbeat. The term is also used for a Spanish stanza form with four to seven short, partly assonant lines in a characteristic rhythm.

text:
# Seguidilla

The **seguidilla** (/ˌsɛɡəˈd(l)jə, -ɡɪ-, ˌs-/; Spanish: \[seɣiˈðiʎa\]; plural in both English and Spanish *seguidillas*; diminutive of *seguida*, which means "sequence" and is the name of a dance) is an old Castilian folksong and dance form in quick triple time for two people with many regional variations. The music is generally in a major key and often begins on an offbeat.

The term is also used for a Spanish stanza form with four to seven short, partly assonant lines in a characteristic rhythm.

## Types

The earliest and most influential of the types of seguidilla are thought to originate in either La Mancha or Andalusia, having become typical of large parts of central Spain. Variants include the *seguidilla manchega* (from La Mancha) as well as the *murciana* from Murcia and the slightly faster *sevillana* of Seville. One of the most complex styles of seguidilla is the *seguidilla flamenca* or *seguiriya*), which is used in flamenco music. Act I of Jacques Offenbach's opera *La Périchole* includes a number entitled "Séguedille".

### Dance

The dance is performed in pairs with animated footwork reflecting the rhythm of the guitar and percussion, yet restrained upper body movement. One technique characteristic of the dance is known as *bien parado*, wherein the dancers stop motion at the end of a section of the music or stanza of text while the instruments continue playing into the next section. Usually the woman dancer also holds castanets.

Act I of ballet *Don Quixote* (classical version choreographed by Marius Petipa and restaged by Alexander Gorsky) includes a Seguidilla dance performed by corps de ballet.

### Song

In general, seguidilla folksongs begin with a brief instrumental introduction, often played on guitar, followed by a *salida*, which is a small portion of the song text acting as a false start. The remaining sections are free and varied, consisting of instrumental *interludios* and the vocal sections called *coplas*.

### The 'Seguidilla' in opera

An original song entitled *Seguidilla* occurs in Act I of the opera *Carmen* by Georges Bizet, where it is sung by the title character to persuade her captor, the soldier Don José, to set her free. She promises to meet him later at the inn of her friend Lillas Pastia. Although this number uses flamenco-style material, it has a slower tempo than the classic Spanish dance form and a more complex structure. It is possible also that the "Veil Song" (Act II, scene 1, of *Don Carlos*) by Giuseppe Verdi is meant to evoke the style of a *seguidilla*, though stylistically it is closer to a *bolero* with added flamenco-style melodic colouration. Elsewhere, in *La forza del destino*, the same composer inserts a folk dance at the beginning of Act II; but although it is labelled *seguidilla* in the score, the passage is written in 4/4, not the triple time usual for a seguidilla. A seguidilla also features in Paisiello's opera *Il barbiere di Siviglia*.


title: Ethical calculus

abstract: An ethical calculus is the application of mathematics to calculate issues in ethics.

text:
# Ethical calculus

An **ethical calculus** is the application of mathematics to calculate issues in ethics.

## Scope

Generally, ethical calculus refers to any method of determining a course of action in a circumstance that is not explicitly evaluated in one's ethical code.

A formal philosophy of ethical calculus is a development in the study of ethics, combining elements of natural selection, self-organizing systems, emergence, and algorithm theory. According to ethical calculus, the most ethical course of action in a situation is an absolute, but rather than being based on a static ethical code, the ethical code itself is a function of circumstances. The optimal ethic is the best possible course of action taken by an individual with the given limitations.

While ethical calculus is, in some ways, similar to moral relativism, the former finds its grounds in the circumstance while the latter depends on social and cultural context for moral judgment. Ethical calculus would most accurately be regarded as a form of dynamic moral absolutism.

Ethical calculus is not to be confused with ethics in mathematics or ethics of quantification which study the moral questions coming from mathematical practice and quantification in society.

## Examples

Francis Hutcheson devoted a section of his 1725 work *Inquiry into the Original of our ideas and Beauty and Virtue* to "an attempt to introduce a Mathematical Calculation in subjects of Morality". Formulas included:

* M = B × A

where,

* M is the moral importance of any agent
* B is the benevolence of the agent
* A is the ability of the agent

Another example is the felicific calculus formulated by utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham for calculating the degree or amount of pleasure that a specific action is likely to cause. Bentham, an ethical hedonist, believed the moral rightness or wrongness of an action to be a function of the amount of pleasure or pain that it produced. The felicific calculus could, in principle at least, determine the moral status of any considered act.


title: Candyland (James McMurtry album)

abstract: Candyland is the second album by the American musician James McMurtry, released in 1992. McMurtry supported the album by participating in the "In Their Own Words: A Bunch of Songwriters Sittin' Around Singing" tour, with Marshall Crenshaw, Don Dixon, Jules Shear, and David Halley.

text:
# Candyland (James McMurtry album)

***Candyland*** is the second album by the American musician James McMurtry, released in 1992. McMurtry supported the album by participating in the "In Their Own Words: A Bunch of Songwriters Sittin' Around Singing" tour, with Marshall Crenshaw, Don Dixon, Jules Shear, and David Halley.

## Production

Produced by Michael Wanchic, the album was recorded in 1990. John Mellencamp coproduced one song, and most of his band played on the album. David Grissom played lead guitar. *Candyland'*s release date was pushed back numerous times, due to Columbia Records' doubts about the songs, problems with McMurtry's management company, and Columbia's request that McMurtry record new material. McMurtry wrote all of the songs, mostly in the studio. He did not like to write about his personal life and also found it more difficult to write about pleasant subjects. The title track is about suburbia; McMurtry wrote it because his band thought he needed a song with a faster tempo. "Where's Johnny" is about a faded high school big man on campus. "Safe Side" describes segregated American neighborhoods. In "Hands Like Rain", an old man remembers how a woman helped him get through a rough period in his life.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Calgary Herald* | B+ |
| *Chicago Tribune* |  |
| *The Indianapolis Star* |  |
| *MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide* |  |

*Trouser Press* opined that "the songs stand out more as hummable tunes," writing that "it's a compelling assortment of small-town tragedies of lost love, lost youth and lost ideals that exposes unpleasant aspects of an America most people would prefer to deny." *The New York Times* determined that McMurtry's "characters are detached, stranded without frontiers to strive toward; their lives are cluttered with things they're not sure they need." *The Boston Globe* stated: "His trump card is resignation, and the Americans he profiles can be characterized as closed-minded. Their world, spiritually and financially mediocre, is unchanging."

*The Indianapolis Star* noted that "cynics might justly accuse McMurtry of merely painting by numbers in this 10-song follow-up." *The Kitchener-Waterloo Record* panned "McMurtry's almost directionless voice and often somnolent writing." *Rolling Stone* concluded that, "with his dusty voice and limited range, McMurtry needs to vary his laconic delivery to ensure that his singing doesn't fade to gray after a half-dozen songs."

AllMusic wrote that "McMurtry offers a deep, personable (if plain) voice and delivery, equally suited to both country and rock."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Where's Johnny" |  |
| 2. | "Vague Directions" |  |
| 3. | "Hands Like Rain" |  |
| 4. | "Safe Side" |  |
| 5. | "Candyland" |  |
| 6. | "Don't Waste Away" |  |
| 7. | "Good Life" |  |
| 8. | "Save Yourself" |  |
| 9. | "Storekeeper" |  |
| 10. | "Dusty Pages" |  |

## InfoBox

| Candyland | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by James McMurtry | |
| Released | 1992 |
| Label | Columbia |
| Producer | Michael Wanchic |
| James McMurtry chronology | |
| *Too Long in the Wasteland*
(1989) ***Candyland***
(1992) *Where'd You Hide the Body*
(1995) | |


title: Pterogonia episcopalis

abstract: Pterogonia episcopalis is a moth of the family Nolidae first described by Charles Swinhoe in 1891. It has been described as being from the Indian subcontinent.

text:
# Pterogonia episcopalis

***Pterogonia episcopalis*** is a moth of the family Nolidae first described by Charles Swinhoe in 1891. It has been described as being from the Indian subcontinent.

## Description

*Pterogonia episcopalis*'s head and thorax are violaceous grey with a few brown scales. Its abdomen is pale brown with slight whitish segmental hues. The claspers are fringed with rufous hair. The ventral surface is whitish except towards the extremity of the species.

## InfoBox

| *Pterogonia episcopalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| In the Western Ghats of India | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nolidae |
| Genus: | *Pterogonia* |
| Species: | ***P. episcopalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pterogonia episcopalis***<br>(C. Swinhoe, 1891) | |
|


title: Debbie Mason

abstract: Debbie "The Pearl" Mason is an American former professional basketball player who played in the Women's Professional Basketball League (WBL). Mason played for the Queens College women's basketball team from 1971 to 1975. She went on to play professional basketball in Sweden for a single season before returning to the United States to play for the New York Stars. She was cut from the Stars due to her small stature, and then signed to the New Jersey Gems, who felt her skills could make up for size.   Mason was inducted into the NYC Basketball Hall of Fame in 2011 in recognition of her contributions to basketball history, the third woman to ever receive this honor.

text:
# Debbie Mason

**Debbie "The Pearl" Mason** is an American former professional basketball player who played in the Women's Professional Basketball League (WBL).

Mason played for the Queens College women's basketball team from 1971 to 1975. She went on to play professional basketball in Sweden for a single season before returning to the United States to play for the New York Stars. She was cut from the Stars due to her small stature (5 ft 5 in), and then signed to the New Jersey Gems, who felt her skills could make up for size.

Mason was inducted into the NYC Basketball Hall of Fame in 2011 in recognition of her contributions to basketball history, the third woman to ever receive this honor.


title: Celebrate the Season Parade

abstract: The Celebrate the Season Parade is one of the traditional parades held each year in Downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is held on the Saturday after Thanksgiving Day; that is, the last Saturday in November. It is one of the first events that rings in the holiday season and airs annually on WPXI, the local NBC-affiliated television station in Pittsburgh.

text:
# Celebrate the Season Parade

The **Celebrate the Season Parade** is one of the traditional parades held each year in Downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is held on the Saturday after Thanksgiving Day; that is, the last Saturday in November. It is one of the first events that rings in the holiday season and airs annually on WPXI, the local NBC-affiliated television station in Pittsburgh.

## Parade history

The first parade was held in 1980 and aired on local Metromedia affiliate WPGH-TV for the first two seasons and was sponsored by local department store chain Kaufmann's. Kaufmann's merged with Macy's in 2006; from that parade through the 2013 event, Macy's assumed title sponsorship, thus making the parade a smaller sister to the much larger Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade held two days earlier in New York City. WIIC, the local NBC station now known as WPXI, decided to air live coverage of the parade. Its original hosts were Mike Hambrick and Edye Tarbox. David Johnson and Peggy Finnegan took over the hosting duties in 1991. Bob Bruce subbed for David Johnson for the 2002 and 2004 parades. John Fedko, the station's sports director, debuted as a street reporter in 1997, and was joined by a rotating personality from the station every year. Darieth Chisolm joined Fedko for the 2004, 2006 and 2007 parades. Julie Bologna handled street interviews for the 2008 parade along with Fedko. Formally known as the Celebrate the Seasons Parade, from 2010 to 2013, the parade was also known as the My Macy's Holiday Parade'. In February 2014, Macy's Parade Group announced it would end its sponsorship of the parade, citing the need to focus on other projects. WPXI announced that they were saddened by Macy's decision and would work hard on finding a new sponsor before the 2014 parade. By the 2014 parade, Pittsburgh Public Schools joined as the presenting sponsor, with the parade's name changing again, to the WPXI Holiday Parade.

2020 saw no parade on grounds of COVID-19 pandemic.

On September 8, 2021, WPXI announced they are ending their 30-year relationship with the parade.


title: Sarasambo

abstract: Sarasambo is a municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Taolanaro, which is a part of Anosy Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 9,000 in 2001 commune census. Only primary schooling is available. The majority 65% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 5% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are peanuts and cassava. Services provide employment for 5% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 25% of the population. This municipality is located at approx. 30km west from Fort Dauphin in the Lavasoa-Ambatotsirongorongo Mountains.

text:
# Sarasambo

**Sarasambo** is a municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Taolanaro, which is a part of Anosy Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 9,000 in 2001 commune census.

Only primary schooling is available. The majority 65% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 5% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are peanuts and cassava. Services provide employment for 5% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 25% of the population.

This municipality is located at approx. 30km west from Fort Dauphin in the Lavasoa-Ambatotsirongorongo Mountains.

25°6′S 46°47′E / 25.100°S 46.783°E / -25.100; 46.783

## InfoBox

| Sarasambo | |
| --- | --- |
| SarasamboLocation in Madagascar | |
| Coordinates: 25°6′S 46°47′E / 25.100°S 46.783°E / -25.100; 46.783 | |
| Country | Madagascar |
| Region | Anosy |
| District | Taolanaro |
| Elevation | 41 m (135 ft) |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 9,000 |
| Time zone | UTC3 (EAT) |
| Postal code | 614 |


title: John Scheaffer

abstract: John E. Scheaffer is a former Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.

text:
# John Scheaffer

**John E. Scheaffer** (August 28, 1916  March 29, 1990) is a former Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.

## InfoBox

| John E. Scheaffer | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
from the 88th district | |
| **In office**
1971–1980 | |
| Preceded by | Lourene George |
| Succeeded by | John Kennedy |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | August 28, 1916
Pottstown, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | March 29, 1990(1990-03-29) (aged 73) |
| Political party | Republican |
|  | |


title: Segmental innervation

abstract: Segmental innervation refers to the distribution (innervation) of nerves within an organ or muscle. These nerves are attached to a segment of the spine. Segmental innervation can be mapped through stimulation of the nerve at the spinal segment.

text:
# Segmental innervation

**Segmental innervation** refers to the distribution (innervation) of nerves within an organ or muscle. These nerves are attached to a segment of the spine.

Segmental innervation can be mapped through stimulation of the nerve at the spinal segment.

1. Puri and Tyrer. (1992). Sciences Basic to Psychiatry, Edinburgh: Robert Stevenson House. ISBN 0-443-05514-9
2. DETERMINATION OF THE SEGMENTAL SENSORY AND MOTOR INNERVATION OF THE LUMBOSACRAL SPINAL NERVES: AN ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY


title: Álamos

abstract: Álamos is a town in Álamos Municipality in the Mexican state of Sonora, in northwestern Mexico. Historically an important center of silver mining, the town's economy is now dominated by the tourist sector. Designated a pueblo mágico due to its architecture, the town is host to several arts festivals, most notably the Festival Cultural "Alfonso Ortíz Tirado". It also hosts the Alamos Alliance, a yearly summit of economic policy makers, academics and business leaders founded and led by Arnold Harberger that has led to the town being called the "Little Mexican Davos".

text:
# Álamos

**Álamos** (Spanish: \['alamos\] ) is a town in Álamos Municipality in the Mexican state of Sonora, in northwestern Mexico.

Historically an important center of silver mining, the town's economy is now dominated by the tourist sector. Designated a *pueblo mágico* due to its architecture, the town is host to several arts festivals, most notably the Festival Cultural "Alfonso Ortíz Tirado". It also hosts the Alamos Alliance, a yearly summit of economic policy makers, academics and business leaders founded and led by Arnold Harberger that has led to the town being called the "Little Mexican Davos".

## Name

The Municipality of Álamos derives its name from the *álamo* (poplar or cottonwood) tree. Several impressive specimens are found in one of its two principal plazas, the Alameda. The nearby hamlet, El Sabinito, located within the municipality, also derives its name from a tree, the *sabino* ("Montezuma cypress").

## History

The area was named by the conquistador Francisco Vásquez de Coronado. His expedition of 1540 camped at the confluence of the two major arroyos (Escondido and the Aduana) of present-day Álamos and made reference to local geographical landmarks, including two large rock formations on Mount Alamos known as Los Frailes, 'the monks' in English.

As historian David Leighton explained, “Its first known name was Real de los Frailes or “Mining Camp of the Friars,” a designation taken from some tall white rocks that appeared like hooded monks near the village.”

The church records of Álamos date to 1682, but it was founded on December 8, 1685, by the Spanish soldier, Domingo Terán de los Ríos, after the discovery of the silver mines at Promontorios, La Aduana, Las Cabras, La Quintera, and others of lesser importance nearby. Rios in 1686 became governor of Sonora and Sinaloa, where he was successful in quelling Indian disturbances.

A major expedition led by Juan Bautista de Anza II departed Álamos in 1775 to discover a route to Alta California. The Anza expedition had nearly 300 members, of which about half were from Álamos. The trek was financed by the wealthy silver mine owners of Álamos, and it established the Presidio of Monterey.

Álamos became the capital of what was then the state of Occidental in the early 1800s. Occidental encompassed today's state of Sonora, the northern portion of the state of Sinaloa, and some of Baja California and southern Arizona. Álamos was the northernmost “Silver City” in Mexico. While it has much in common, architecturally, with Mexico's other “Silver Cities,” Álamos has not succumbed to large-scale commercialism and has managed to retain the charm and pace of earlier times.

Álamos is known as “La Ciudad de los Portales” (*portales* are tall, arched, covered verandas or walkways fronting many of the cobble-stoned streets or *calles*). Álamos boasts numerous buildings exhibiting classic Andalusian architecture from Mexico's Colonial period, including numerous mansions, the Plaza de Armas, the Church of La Purísima Concepción, La Capilla and the Palacio Municipal (“city hall”).

The great wealth created by the silver mines from the surrounding mining towns of La Aduana, Minas Nuevas, and others enabled the founders and residents of Álamos to build scores of colonial Spanish mansions throughout the town; most of them went into ruin in the early 20th century but in the late 1940s, a number of Americans and Canadians began buying and restoring the houses.

Most notably, William Levant Alcorn, an American farmer, bought one of the decaying mansions there, restored it and opened a hotel. The publicity he brought to Alamos breathed new life into this once prosperous city, which in turn attracted further investment in the years ahead.

By 1955, the city had electricity running from dusk to about midnight and in 1960 electrical power began to run 24 hours a day, being generated at a dam on a nearby river.

In the 1980s, a study was done by the students at the University of Sinaloa, which resulted in 185 structures in town being listed as historic monuments.

The Alamos Alliance was started in 1993 by Arnold Harberger as a small gathering among friends to discuss economic policy.

## Geography

Álamos is located in the southeastern part of Sonora, and 396 km (246 mi) from state capital Hermosillo, 54 km (34 mi) from Navojoa via Sonora State Highway 162, and 663 km (412 mi) from the northern border town of Nogales. The State of Chihuahua is on the east, and the State of Sinaloa on the south. The population of the municipality is 24,493 and its area is 6,947.27 square kilometres or 2,682 square miles.

### Climate

Álamos has a semi-arid climate (Köppen *BSh*) bordering on a tropical savanna climate, with three seasons: a hot, dry season from April to June, a hot, humid wet season from July to October, and a warm, generally dry “winter” from November to March. Occasionally the dry winter pattern is interrupted by the passage of frontal cloudbands: 220 millimetres (8.66 in) fell during January 1981, including 168 millimetres (6.61 in) between the fifth and the seventh of that month, and over 120 millimetres (4.72 in) in January 1979. During the hot early summer, temperatures can reach extreme heights; the record being 49.5 °C (121.1 °F) on 16 June 1976.

| Climate data for Álamos (1951-2010) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 41.5
(106.7) | 44.0
(111.2) | 44.0
(111.2) | 43.0
(109.4) | 48.0
(118.4) | 49.5
(121.1) | 45.5
(113.9) | 44.0
(111.2) | 46.0
(114.8) | 43.0
(109.4) | 39.0
(102.2) | 39.0
(102.2) | 49.5
(121.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 27.8
(82.0) | 28.8
(83.8) | 30.2
(86.4) | 32.5
(90.5) | 35.2
(95.4) | 38.0
(100.4) | 36.2
(97.2) | 35.1
(95.2) | 35.2
(95.4) | 34.4
(93.9) | 31.7
(89.1) | 28.6
(83.5) | 32.8
(91.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 9.2
(48.6) | 9.5
(49.1) | 10.2
(50.4) | 11.6
(52.9) | 14.1
(57.4) | 18.2
(64.8) | 19.8
(67.6) | 20.1
(68.2) | 18.4
(65.1) | 15.2
(59.4) | 11.5
(52.7) | 9.5
(49.1) | 13.9
(57.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 0.0
(32.0) | −4
(25) | 2.0
(35.6) | 5.0
(41.0) | 6.5
(43.7) | 8.0
(46.4) | 9.0
(48.2) | 9.5
(49.1) | 1.3
(34.3) | 6.5
(43.7) | 0.4
(32.7) | 0.0
(32.0) | −4
(25) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 35.0
(1.38) | 17.9
(0.70) | 17.8
(0.70) | 1.9
(0.07) | 3.9
(0.15) | 25.5
(1.00) | 184.4
(7.26) | 198.2
(7.80) | 86.3
(3.40) | 53.1
(2.09) | 26.3
(1.04) | 37.0
(1.46) | 687.3
(27.05) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.4 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 12.8 | 11.0 | 6.8 | 3.1 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 45.4 |
| Source: Servicio Meteorólogico Nacional | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Economy

After a heyday lasting from the late 1600s until the early 1900s, when the silver mines closed, the economy of Alamos went into a serious decline. Only a few hundred people remained in the once vibrant city due to a major decline in silver prices, ongoing unrest in the country with a revolution in progress, and the exodus of business owners and people of wealth. Vacant mansions went into disrepair until foreigners began restoring homes in 1946 after three decades of abandonment, bringing employment to locals with building and housekeeping skills. The area's top industries for decades were ranching and tourism. The present-day economy includes copper and silver mines. About 16 km to the northwest is the Adolfo Ruiz Cortinez Dam and Reservoir known as “El Mocúzarit”, whose waters irrigate 80,000 acres (320 km2). Cattle ranching is seasonal and declining due to impoverished grazing lands. Numerous chicken and pig farms, called “granjas,” contribute substantially to the economy.

### Tourism

Álamos was named a “Pueblo Mágico” in 2005. “Pueblo Magico” is a designation given by the Mexican Secretariat of Tourism to towns that offer a 'magical' experience by reason of their natural beauty, cultural riches and historical relevance.

Álamos has many festivals and fiestas year-round. Most notable is the annual Festival of Dr. Alfonso Ortiz Tirado (“FAOT”), a nine-day event in late January that is attended by many national and international musicians and celebrities. Dr. Alfonso Ortiz Tirado, born in this community in 1894, achieved recognition for being “El Tenor de las Américas.” An impressive exhibit of Ortiz Tirado is found in the Museo Costumbrista, located in front of and to the east of the Plaza de Armas. The annual film festival is usually held in March. Several professional hunting lodges operate in the Alamos area, attracting dove hunters from various areas of the world. Álamos has more recently been the location for film production, including a European Endemol production and more than 180 episodes of the 'novela' (soap opera) *La Fuerza del Destino*

The Sierra de Álamos–Río Cuchujaqui Biosphere Reserve offers serious “birding” opportunities. The creek of Cuchujaqui, which is in the ecological reserve is the most species-rich subtropical area in the Northern Hemisphere. Cuchujaqui is the subject of international scientific study and the southern migration destination of hundreds of different species of birds.

The presence of a jet-rated airport in Alamos (XALA) attracts aviators from Mexico, the U.S. and Canada. There is also charter service available to some areas of the Copper Canyon. The village has more than 20 hotels and B&B's.

## Government

You can see a list of municipal presidents of Álamos

## Notable people

### Sister City

### Planet Mars

The name Álamos has been used for a crater on the planet Mars by the International Astronomical Union, although not specifically commemorating the town.

27°01′39″N 108°56′24″W / 27.02750°N 108.94000°W / 27.02750; -108.94000

## InfoBox

| Álamos, Sonora | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Top, from left to right: Panoramic view of Álamos, Chapel of Zapopan, Semi-arid municipality landscape, City Hall, Cathedral of Purísima Concepción | |
|  | |
| ÁlamosLocation in MexicoÁlamosÁlamos (Mexico) | |
| Coordinates: 27°1′39″N 108°56′24″W / 27.02750°N 108.94000°W / 27.02750; -108.94000 | |
| Country | Mexico |
| State | Sonora |
| Municipality | Álamos |
| Founded | Late 17th century |
| Population (2005) | |
| Total | 24,493 |
| Time zone | UTC-7 (MST) |
| Postal code | 85760 |
| Area code | 647 |


title: Sympathetic ophthalmia

abstract: Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO), also called spared eye injury, is a diffuse granulomatous inflammation of the uveal layer of both eyes following trauma to one eye. It can leave the affected person completely blind. Symptoms may develop from days to several years after a penetrating eye injury. It typically results from a delayed hypersensitivity reaction.

text:
# Sympathetic ophthalmia

**Sympathetic ophthalmia** (**SO**), also called spared eye injury, is a diffuse granulomatous inflammation of the uveal layer of both eyes following trauma to one eye. It can leave the affected person completely blind. Symptoms may develop from days to several years after a penetrating eye injury. It typically results from a delayed hypersensitivity reaction.

## Signs and symptoms

Eye floaters and loss of accommodation are among the earliest symptoms. The disease may progress to severe inflammation of the uveal layer of the eye (uveitis) with pain and sensitivity of the eyes to light. The affected eye often remains relatively painless while the inflammatory disease spreads through the uvea, where characteristic focal infiltrates in the choroid named Dalén–Fuchs nodules can be seen. The retina, however, usually remains uninvolved, although perivascular cuffing of the retinal vessels with inflammatory cells may occur. Swelling of the optic disc (papilledema), secondary glaucoma, vitiligo, and poliosis of the eyelashes may accompany SO.

## Pathophysiology

Sympathetic ophthalmia is currently thought to be an autoimmune inflammatory response toward ocular antigens, specifically a delayed hypersensitivity to melanin-containing structures from the outer segments of the photoreceptor layer of the retina. The immune system, which normally is not exposed to ocular proteins, is introduced to the contents of the eye following traumatic injury. Once exposed, it senses these antigens as foreign, and begins attacking them. The onset of this process can be from days to years after the inciting traumatic event.

## Diagnosis

Diagnosis is clinical, seeking a history of eye injury. An important differential diagnosis is Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome (VKH), which is thought to have the same pathogenesis, without a history of surgery or penetrating eye injury.

Still experimental, skin tests with soluble extracts of human or bovine uveal tissue are said to elicit delayed hypersensitivity responses in these patients. Additionally, circulating antibodies to uveal antigens have been found in patients with SO and VKH, as well as those with long-standing uveitis, making this a less than specific assay for SO and VKH.

## Treatment

Because SO is so rarely encountered following eye injury, even when the injured eye is retained, the first choice of treatment may not be enucleation or evisceration, especially if there is a chance that the injured eye may regain some function. Additionally, with current advanced surgical techniques, many eyes once considered nonviable now have a fair prognosis.

However, only if the injured eye has completely lost its vision and has no potential for any visual recovery, prevention of SO is done by enucleation of the injured eye preferably within the first 2 weeks of injury. Evisceration—the removal of the contents of the globe while leaving the sclera and extraocular muscles intact—is easier to perform, offers long-term orbital stability, and is more aesthetically pleasing, i.e., a greater measure of movement of the prosthesis and thus a more natural appearance. There is concern, however, that evisceration may lead to a higher incidence of SO compared to enucleation. Several retrospective studies involving over 3,000 eviscerations, however, have failed to identify a single case of SO.

Once SO is developed, immunosuppressive therapy is the mainstay of treatment. When initiated promptly following injury, it is effective in controlling the inflammation and improving the prognosis. Mild cases may be treated with local application of corticosteroids and pupillary dilators. More severe or progressive cases require high-dose systemic corticosteroids for months to years. Patients who become resistant to corticosteroids or develop side effects of long-term corticosteroid therapy (osteoporosis and pathologic fractures, mental status changes, etc.), may be candidates for therapy with chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, or ciclosporin.

## Epidemiology

Sympathetic ophthalmia is rare, affecting 0.2% to 0.5% of non-surgical eye wounds, and less than 0.01% of surgical penetrating eye wounds. There are no gender or racial differences in incidence of SO.

## History

Although descriptions of sympathetic ophthalmia can be found in ancient Greek texts, modern understanding of SO derives from the works of Scotland's William MacKenzie who characterized and named the disease sympathetic ophthalmitis. At MacKenzie's time, oral mercury and leeches applied to the conjunctiva were the treatments of choice for SO.

It is thought that Louis Braille, who injured one of his eyes as a child, lost vision in his other eye owing to SO. James Thurber's adult blindness was also diagnosed as sympathetic ophthalmia deriving from the loss of an eye when he was six years old.

## InfoBox

| Sympathetic uveitis | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | spared eye injury |
| Specialty | Ophthalmology |
| Symptoms | floaters, photophobia |
| Complications | uveitis, blindness |


title: Saint Christopher Academy

abstract: Saint Christopher Academy is the only private and diocesan school in the town of Bangar, La Union, Philippines. The school has complete grade school levels, and high school levels.

text:
# Saint Christopher Academy

**Saint Christopher Academy** is the only private and diocesan school in the town of Bangar, La Union, Philippines. The school has complete grade school levels, and high school levels.

## History

Saint Christopher Academy is the only private diocesan school and also the oldest school in Bangar, La Union, it was founded in 1945 by the late Rev. Fr. Mariano Singson. The school is named after the patron saint of the town, Saint Christopher. Initially the school served only high school students. In 1984 it opened a pre-school department, which offers Nursery and Kindergarten levels. In 1987, the pre-school department expanded into an elementary department. The elementary department offered grade one class during School Year 1987-88 until all levels were completed. The first batch of graduates graduated in 1994.

## InfoBox

| **Saint Christopher Academy** | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Bangar, La Union<br>Philippines | |
| Coordinates | 16°53′34″N 120°25′26″E / 16.89276°N 120.42389°E / 16.89276; 120.42389 |
| Information | |
| Type | Private Diocesan School |
| Motto | *Christum Semper Ferens* |
| Established | 1947 |


title: Schwarzer Mann

abstract: The Schwarzer Mann is a mountain in the western part of the Eifel which is known as Schnee Eifel. With a height of 697.8 meters it is the highest peak in the Schnee Eifel and third highest in the Eifel.

text:
# Schwarzer Mann

The **Schwarzer Mann** ("Black Man") is a mountain in the western part of the Eifel which is known as Schnee Eifel. With a height of 697.8 meters it is the highest peak in the Schnee Eifel and third highest in the Eifel.

## Geography

### Location

The *Schwarzer Mann* rises in the west of the Eifel in the Schnee Eifel, near the border with Belgium and within the High Fens-Eifel Nature Park. Its mountain summit lies around 3 kilometres west of Halenfeld (part of Buchet), 3.8 km west-northwest of Wascheid (part of Gondenbrett) and 3.3 km (each as the crow flies) north of Sellerich; the boundary between Buchet and Sellerich runs over the top. In the vicinity is the town of Prüm to the southeast as well as the villages of Bleialf to the west-southwest and Ormont to the northeast. On the northern slopes of the mountain rises the Alfbach stream, on the eastern mountainside, the Litzenmehlenbach and on its southern slopes, the Mönbach.

Near the summit is the *Tranchotstein*. This small boundary stone was named after French geographer, Jean Joseph Tranchot (1752–1815), who undertook a survey of the Rhinelands by order of Napoleon Bonaparte.

### Geology

The Schwarzer Mann is made of quartzite which is also 15-kilometers-long.

## Usage

The area surrounding of Schwarzer Mann is a well-developed hiking area and the largest skiing area in Rhineland-Palatinate.

## Flora and fauna

The heavily wooded mountain ridge is covered mainly with spruce and is host to a number of rare wild species including the European wildcat.

## Name

The name of the mountain is derived from the nearby abandoned lead ore mine in Bleialf from which the miners would return with blackened faces.

1. Map service of the Landscape Information System of the Rhineland-Palatinate Nature Conservation Office (*Naturschutzverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz*)

## InfoBox

| Schwarzer Mann | |
| --- | --- |
| View from the Weißer Stein in the Zitterwald forest looking south to the *Schwarzer Mann* and the tower of the Schnee Eifel transmitter (mid-2006) | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 697.8 m above sea level (NHN) (2,289 ft) |
| Listing | – Highest Schneifel summit
– winter sports area
– Schnee Eifel transmitter |
| Coordinates | 50°15′24.9″N 6°21′35.7″E / 50.256917°N 6.359917°E / 50.256917; 6.359917 |
| Geography | |
| Schwarzer MannNear Buchet-Halenfeld; Bitburg-Prüm, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany | |
| Parent range | Schneifel (Eifel) |


title: Prong (company)

abstract: Prong was an iPhone battery case company based in New York City, primarily manufacturing accessories for electronic devices.

text:
# Prong (company)

**Prong** was an iPhone battery case company based in New York City, primarily manufacturing accessories for electronic devices.

## History

Prong was founded in 2011 with the production of the PocketPlug. The company later introduced the Prong PWR Case, a removable battery case with integrated prongs.

Prong introduced the PocketPlug, at the Consumer Electronics Show in January 2013. It was first reviewed by *The Washington Post*, citing that they enjoyed the product, although adding the critique that a battery pack was needed and the product had limited usability during charging. The *New York Times* gave a similar review. CNet felt that the phone was lacking an external battery.

Prong ceased trading in 2017.


title: Deer Creek (Oklahoma)

abstract: Deer Creek is a stream that flows from rural Canadian County through portions of Oklahoma County and Logan County. It joins with Cottonwood Creek in rural Logan County near the community of Seward, Oklahoma. Cottonwood Creek continues on to join with the Cimarron River near Guthrie, Oklahoma. Like Cottonwood Creek, portions of Deer Creek are prone to flooding. The most significant tributary of Deer Creek is Bluff Creek (and upstream to Lake Hefner, a major water reservoir and recreational lake in Oklahoma City. Deer Creek Public Schools takes its name from the creek. Most of the creek's path goes through the northern portions of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area.

text:
# Deer Creek (Oklahoma)

**Deer Creek** is a stream that flows from rural Canadian County through portions of Oklahoma County and Logan County. It joins with Cottonwood Creek in rural Logan County near the community of Seward, Oklahoma. Cottonwood Creek continues on to join with the Cimarron River near Guthrie, Oklahoma. Like Cottonwood Creek, portions of Deer Creek are prone to flooding.

The most significant tributary of Deer Creek is Bluff Creek (and upstream to Lake Hefner, a major water reservoir and recreational lake in Oklahoma City.

Deer Creek Public Schools takes its name from the creek.

Most of the creek's path goes through the northern portions of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area.

## InfoBox

| Deer Creek | |
| --- | --- |
| Deer Creek | |
| Location of mouth | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Oklahoma |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth |  |
| coordinates | 35°46′14″N 97°33′00″W / 35.770679°N 97.550131°W / 35.770679; -97.550131 |


title: Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee

abstract: Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee, also known as Di Gong An or Dee Goong An, is an 18th-century Chinese gong'an detective novel by an anonymous author, "Buti zhuanren". It is loosely based on the stories of Di Renjie, a county magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700. Though set in Tang dynasty China, the novel also contains cultural elements from later dynasties. A translated version was released by Robert van Gulik in 1949; van Gulik would go on to write his own series of Judge Dee novels, starting with The Chinese Maze Murders.

text:
# Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee

***Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee*** (Chinese: 狄公案; pinyin: *Dí Gōng Àn*; lit. "Cases of Judge Dee"), also known as **Di Gong An** or **Dee Goong An**, is an 18th-century Chinese *gong'an* detective novel by an anonymous author, "Buti zhuanren" (Chinese: 不题撰人). It is loosely based on the stories of Di Renjie (Wade-Giles Ti Jen-chieh), a county magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630700. Though set in Tang dynasty China, the novel also contains cultural elements from later dynasties. A translated version was released by Robert van Gulik in 1949; van Gulik would go on to write his own series of Judge Dee novels, starting with *The Chinese Maze Murders*.

## Translation

The Dutch sinologist and diplomat Robert van Gulik came across a copy in a second-hand book store in Tokyo and translated the novel into English. He then used it as the basis to create his own original Judge Dee stories over the next 20 years. Van Gulik wrote:

This translation is chiefly a product of the Pacific War years, 1941-1945, when constant travel on various war duties made other more complicated Sinological research impossible. This novel *Dee Goong An* is offered here in a complete translation. Possibly it would have had a wider appeal if it had been entirely re-written in a form more familiar to our readers.

The translation was first privately printed on behalf of Van Gulik by the Toppan Printing Company of Tokyo, in a limited run of 1200 numbered signed copies.

The translation features nine drawings, three copies from old Chinese art, and six illustrations by the author.

### "Four Great Strange Cases of Empress Wu's Reign"

As carefully noted in his scholarly postscript, the present book is in fact a translation of only about half (31 out of 65 chapters) of a Chinese book in Van Gulik's possession, entitled "Four Great Strange Cases of Empress Wu's Reign". Van Gulik obtained three editions of that book – a 19th-century manuscript and two printed editions, published respectively in 1903 and in 1947 at Shanghai. There were many differences between variant texts, Van Gulik considering the 19th century version the best and basing his translation mainly on it.

The part which Van Gulik translated describes Judge Dee simultaneously solving three difficult criminal cases, culminating with his being rewarded by promotion to the Imperial court (which, Van Gulik notes, was the traditional culmination of a Chinese story about an official). The later 34 chapters described events at the Court (where the historical Judge Dee is known to have been a valued adviser to Empress Wu, though his career suffered various ups and downs).

Based on textual analysis, Van Gulik became convinced that the second part was a later addition written by "a person of feeble talents". As stated in the postscript, "Part I is written in a fairly compact style and cleverly composed. The style of part II, on the contrary, is prolix and repetitious, the plot is clumsy and the characters badly drawn. Further, while Part I is written with considerable restraint, in part II there occur passages which are plain pornography, e.g. where the relations of the Empress Wu with the priest Huai-i are described". Moreover, Part II did not describe a detective investigation at all, but rather dealt mainly with court intrigues and power struggles - and thus did not serve Van Gulik's aim of presenting Chinese crime fiction to Western readers.

For all these reasons Van Gulik decided to translate the first part only. The title given, "Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee", is what Van Gulik assumed the original work was called, before the second part was added. However, he never actually obtained a copy of that original work or a conclusive evidence that it had existed under that name. The second part, of which Van Gulik so strongly disapproved, was apparently never translated - leaving western readers with no way of independently evaluating Van Gulik's scathing criticism.

## Plot introduction

There are three cases in this book. The first might be called "The Double Murder at Dawn"; the case describes the hazardous life of the traveling silk merchant and a murder which is committed to gain wealth.

The second, "The Strange Corpse", takes place in a small village and addresses a crime of passion which proves hard to solve. The criminal is a very determined woman.

The third case, "The Poisoned Bride", addresses the poisoning of a local scholar's daughter, who marries the son of the former administrator of the district and dies mysteriously on her wedding night. This case contains a surprising twist in its solution.

All three cases are solved by Judge Dee, the district magistrate, detective, prosecutor, judge, and jury all wrapped up into one person. His powers are vast, and some of the things he can do would be manifestly illegal in a Western judicial system - such as grossly intimidating a witness or suspect, up to and including the extraction of a confession by torture. In contrast, making a false judgement could be far more perilous to a magistrate like Dee than to a modern western judge. Exhuming a dead body without proving the dead person was murdered would be an act of sacrilege which would cost the Judge his job (which very nearly happens to Dee in the course of the book). If a magistrate sentenced a person to death and the executed was afterwards proved to have been innocent, the magistrate would be himself executed - having made an honest mistake would not be sufficient to save him. Should an innocent person die under torture, both the judge ordering the torture and all members of staff administering the torture would suffer capital punishment - and members of Dee's staff urging him to cease torture when the suspect proves obdurate shows they are aware of that dire risk to themselves.

The three cases offer a glimpse into the lives of different classes in traditional Chinese society: adventurous traders who travel vast distances along the trade routes up and down the land of China, and who are sometimes targeted by robbers and sometimes form dubious partnerships or turn outright robbers themselves; the small-scale shopkeepers and townspeople, who live within a narrow circumscribed life of routine which some find stifling; the gentry of literati, who by long tradition were considered as the land's rulers and so considered themselves.

Any official departure of Judge Dee from the court compound (which also includes his private living quarters) is done with fanfare, accompanied by a large retinue of constables and officials. This approach is sometimes useful - especially when suspects are to be overawed and intimidated, or recalcitrant local officials intimidated into fully cooperating with an investigation. Sometimes, however, Judge Dee finds it expedient to go out incognito and carry out an investigation in disguise. He carries off very well the disguise of an itinerant physician; as Van Gulik points out, knowledge of medicine was expected of Chinese literati. Conversely, Judge Dee is less successful in passing himself off as a merchant, a member of a completely different social class; an observant merchant quickly unmasks him as what he is, a member of the Literati elite. Fortunately, it turns out that this observant merchant is not the wanted criminal; on the contrary, he is an honest merchant, with his own accounts to settle with the criminal, and becomes a very valuable ally.

Judge Dee acts according to very strict ethics, regarding himself as duty bound to enforce justice, seek out, and severely punish all wrong-doers, high or low. Some remarks made by various characters and references made to other magistrates make clear that Dee's conduct is far from universal among District Judges. Others of Dee's colleagues might have been more lenient with a suspected murderer when he was a member of a rich family and an outstanding student of literature; or would not have exerted themselves to catch the murderer of a "small" shop-keeper in a minor provincial town; or would have thought more of lining their own pockets than of seeing justice done. Judge Dee's honesty and probity were proverbial - which is why tales were told of him even more than a thousand years after his death.

## Literary significance and criticism

"*Dee Goong An* is the genuine article, dating from the 18th century and barely modified by the translator to make it intelligible today. Like his modern fictions, it adroitly intertwines three plots and shows the judge and his aides in their now familiar guise. The introduction and notes (including Chinese ideograms for the skeptical) are as entertaining as the tale, once the reader has become a Dee-votee".

## InfoBox

Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee
| Chapter one of an edition of the novel that was printed in the 28th year of the Guangxu Emperor. | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Unknown |
| Original title | *Dee Goong An* |
| Translator | Robert van Gulik |
| Language | Chinese |
| Series | Judge Dee |
| Genre | Gong'an fiction, Mystery, Detective novel, Crime |
| Publication date | 18th century |
| Publication place | China |
| Published in English | 1949 |
| Media type | Print (hardback & paperback) |
| Pages | 237 (English) |


title: Kwasio people

abstract: The Bujeba or Kwasio people are an African ethnic group, members of the Bantu group, who are indigenous to Equatorial Guinea. Their indigenous language is Bujeba. Today Bujebas inhabit Northern and Southern Bata, and South of Rio Benito. The ethnic group has decreased in number, as most have assimilated into the Fang ethnic group due to their strong influence in recent decades. They are referred to as Ndowe or "Playeros", one of several peoples on the Rio Muni coast.

text:
# Kwasio people

The **Bujeba** or **Kwasio** people are an African ethnic group, members of the Bantu group, who are indigenous to Equatorial Guinea. Their indigenous language is Bujeba. Today Bujebas inhabit Northern and Southern Bata, and South of Rio Benito. The ethnic group has decreased in number, as most have assimilated into the Fang ethnic group due to their strong influence in recent decades. They are referred to as Ndowe or "Playeros" (Beach People in Spanish), one of several peoples on the Rio Muni coast.


title: John Scheneberg

abstract: John Bluford Scheneberg was a pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played for the Pittsburgh Pirates and St. Louis Browns.

text:
# John Scheneberg

**John Bluford Scheneberg** (November 20, 1887 – September 26, 1950) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played for the Pittsburgh Pirates and St. Louis Browns.

## InfoBox

| John Scheneberg | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:** (1887-11-20)November 20, 1887
Guyandotte, West Virginia | |
| **Died:** September 26, 1950(1950-09-26) (aged 62)
Huntington, West Virginia | |
| **Batted:** Both**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| September 23, 1913, for the Pittsburgh Pirates | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| September 24, 1920, for the St. Louis Browns | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Games played | 2 |
| Innings pitched | 8 |
| Earned runs | 10 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |