title: LaMia

abstract: LaMia Corporation S.R.L., operating as LaMia, was a Bolivian charter airline headquartered in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, as an EcoJet subsidiary. It had its origins from the failed Venezuelan airline of the same name. Founded in 2015, LaMia operated three Avro RJ85 as of November 2016. The airline received international attention when one of its aircraft crashed in November 2016, killing many members of Brazilian football club Chapecoense. In the aftermath, LaMia's air operator's certificate was suspended by the Bolivian civil aviation authority.

text:
# LaMia

**LaMia Corporation S.R.L.**, operating as **LaMia** (short for *Línea Aérea Mérida Internacional de Aviación*), was a Bolivian charter airline headquartered in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, as an EcoJet subsidiary. It had its origins from the failed Venezuelan airline of the same name. Founded in 2015, LaMia operated three Avro RJ85 as of November 2016. The airline received international attention when one of its aircraft crashed in November 2016, killing many members of Brazilian football club Chapecoense. In the aftermath, LaMia's air operator's certificate was suspended by the Bolivian civil aviation authority.

## History

### LaMia (Venezuela)

Bolivian airline LaMia originated in the failed Venezuelan airline of the same name, which was founded as LAMIA, C.A. in 2009 by Spanish businessman Ricardo Albacete. The name chosen, styled as *LaMia*, was the acronym of *Línea Aérea Mérida Internacional de Aviación* and literally means "my airline". It took delivery of an ATR 72-500 wet leased from Swiftair and intended to begin service out of Mérida, Venezuela, its original base. However, the company failed to secure its own air operator's certificate and folded in October 2010 after only operating since August, with Swiftair taking back the aircraft. After its permits expired, LaMia attempted a relaunch in 2011 by taking a single Avro RJ85 and focusing on domestic flights, although none operated from Mérida. Having had its efforts in Mérida thwarted twice, the airline moved to the state of Nueva Esparta: the airline changed the M in its name to mean Margarita and planned to relaunch in early 2014 operating out of Porlamar. A November 2013 demonstration flight featured the state's governor, Carlos Mata Figueroa, and Albacete gave a speech praising Venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro; this incarnation also fell through amidst the country's worsening economic crisis. In 2014, LaMia even placed its planes in Trujillo, Trujillo, apparently with the intent of operating flights from Valera to Caracas, but these efforts never got off the ground; the airline failed to receive certification from the National Institute of Civil Aviation (INAC), and the planes were only in Venezuela for a year.

### LaMia (Bolivia)

With their repeated failures in two Venezuelan states, the Venezuelan owners opted to lease the three RJ85s they had to Bolivian entrepreneurs; in a cost-cutting move, the Bolivian company adopted the name already painted on the aircraft: LaMia. The two aircraft not in service at the time of the crash still bore the Venezuelan airline's website, lamia.com.ve, on their sides. In November 2015, Bolivian airline LaMia—a legally distinct company incorporated as LAMIA Corporation SRL—set up offices in a house in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, and received permission from its national civil aviation authority to begin offering domestic charter flights there; such operations began in January 2016 under the new company's "indefinite" operating certificate. Its fleet included three RJ85 aircraft with capacity for 95 passengers, though two never flew and the airline never offered commercial service. At the time, operations coordinator Mario Pacheco said that resource extraction and mining companies, travel agencies and soccer teams were among their target clients. Indeed, soccer teams were among the most faithful clients, and the airline had flown the Argentina, Bolivia and Venezuela national teams as well as the Colombian Atlético Nacional, the Paraguayan Club Olimpia and local sides Oriente Petrolero, The Strongest and Club Blooming. Additionally, the Bolivian Ministry of Mining and Metallurgy was a client of the airline.

In the aftermath of the crash of Flight 2933, DGAC, Bolivia's aviation authority, suspended LaMia's operating license, and the Bolivian Labor Ministry stated that LaMia was not a registered business with the government. Bolivian law requires all employers to be registered with the Labor Ministry, which maintains the Obligatory Registry of Businesses.

## Corporate affairs

LaMia was headquartered in the Bolivian city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra. It was owned by Gustavo Vargas Gamboa; its other owner, Miguel Alejandro Quiroga Murakami, died in the Flight 2933 accident. As of 30 November 2016, the airline had eight employees.

Albacete, the owner of the Venezuelan airline that owns the Bolivian airline's fleet, told press from Spain that while he was emotionally affected by the disaster, he was not involved in the Bolivian airline's operations.

On 6 December, Vargas Gamboa was arrested along with two other LaMia employees by the local branch of the attorney general's office. He claimed that he had presented his resignation from the company three days before the crash, on 25 November. That same day, the civil aviation authority hauled documents and papers from the airline's Santa Cruz headquarters. The other owner, Miguel Quiroga, had an arrest warrant issued by the Bolivian government for leaving the Bolivian Air Force earlier than had been stipulated, breaking the terms of his pilot training. The Air Force found that Quiroga and four other trained pilots had not provided sufficient justification for leaving before they had completed their required years of military service.

In May 2017, a CNN report revealed that LaMia's insurance policy with Bolivian insurer Bisa had lapsed beginning in October 2016 for nonpayment; while said policy did not cover flights to Colombia, which the insurer included as part of a geographical exclusion clause along with several African countries, as well as Peru, Afghanistan, Syria and Iraq, the airline managed to get permission to fly to Colombia on at least eight occasions.

## Fleet

### Final fleet

As of November 30, 2016, after the destruction of CP-2933, the remaining LaMia fleet consisted of the following:

LaMia fleet
| Aircraft | In
Service | Orders | Passengers | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Avro RJ85 | 2 |  | 95 | Both stored at Cochabamba and Valera. |
| Total | 2 |  |  | |

The multinational investigative commission opted on December 7 to seize the other two aircraft as part of its investigation. The Bolivian Air Force also revealed that it had filed a lawsuit for maintenance on the downed aircraft carried out by the Air Force in 2014, but for which the airline never paid.

### Retired fleet

The airline formerly operated the following for the Venezuelan LaMia:

## Accidents and incidents

### Flight 2933

On the night of November 28, 2016 at approximately 10:33 pm (Bogotá time), LaMia Flight 2933, which carried 77 passengers mostly composed of Brazilian football squad Chapecoense, departed Santa Cruz de la Sierra (Bolivia) heading towards Medellín (Colombia) when the aircraft crashed in the countryside just outside La Unión in Antioquía department. Out of the 77 passengers, 71 were officially confirmed dead. Miguel Quiroga, one of the flight crew of the downed aircraft, was also a part owner of the airline. The crash exposed gaps in safety at the airline. LaMia did not meet IATA regulations that would have permitted it to handle the aftermath of the crash; instead, the airline had to borrow 100 coffins, requiring Avianca, the Colombian flag carrier, and the Colombian and Brazilian governments to step in and pick up the slack. The Bolivian government proceeded to suspend LaMia's license on 1 December.

Media related to LaMia at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

LaMia
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| IATA ICAO Call sign  - LMI LAMIA | |
| Founded | 2009 (Venezuela)
August 2014 (Bolivia) |
| Commenced operations | January 2016 |
| Ceased operations | December 1, 2016 |
| Hubs | Viru Viru International Airport |
| Fleet size | 2 |
| Headquarters | Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia |
| Key people | Gustavo Vargas Gamboa (Owner) |
| Employees | 8 |
| Website | www.lamiacorp.com |


title: Central Pangean Mountains

abstract: The Central Pangean Mountains were an extensive northeast–southwest trending mountain range in the central portion of the supercontinent Pangaea during the Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic periods. They were formed as a result of collision between the large landmasses of Euramerica and Gondwana during the formation of Pangaea. At its greatest elevation during the early part of the Permian period, it was comparable to the present Himalayas. Remnants of this massive mountain range include the Appalachian Mountains and Ouachita Mountains of North America as well as the Bohemian Massif and Massif Central in Europe. A number of mountain building periods were involved in the formation of the Central Pangean Mountains, including the Acadian, Caledonian, Alleghenian, Mauritanide and Variscan orogenies. The eastern portions of the range are also called the Variscan Mountains.

text:
# Central Pangean Mountains

The **Central Pangean Mountains** were an extensive northeast–southwest trending mountain range in the central portion of the supercontinent Pangaea during the Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic periods. They were formed as a result of collision between the large landmasses of Euramerica (also known as Laurussia) and Gondwana during the formation of Pangaea. At its greatest elevation during the early part of the Permian period, it was comparable to the present Himalayas. Remnants of this massive mountain range include the Appalachian Mountains and Ouachita Mountains of North America as well as the Bohemian Massif and Massif Central in Europe.

A number of mountain building periods were involved in the formation of the Central Pangean Mountains, including the Acadian, Caledonian, Alleghenian, Mauritanide and Variscan orogenies.

The eastern portions of the range are also called the **Variscan Mountains**.

## Formation and decline

The Central Pangean Mountains were formed during the collision of Euramerica and northern Gondwana as part of the Variscan and Alleghanian orogenies, which began during the Carboniferous approximately 340 million years ago, and complete by the beginning of the Permian around 295 million years ago, when the range was at its maximum elevation. During the Permian, the mountain range was subjected to intense physical and mechanical weathering, reducing the peaks to around half their original size by the Late Permian (Lopingian) and creating numerous deep intermontane valleys. By the Middle Triassic, the Central Pangean mountains had been substantially reduced in size, and by the earliest Jurassic around 200 million years ago the Pangean range in Western Europe had been reduced to a few upland areas surrounded by deep marine basins.

## Climate

Climate modeling suggests that the Central Pangean Mountains contributed to the deposition of vast quantities of coal in the late Carboniferous. The mountains created an area of year-round heavy precipitation, with no dry season typical of a monsoon climate. This is necessary for the preservation of peat in coal swamps. During the early-mid Permian, the Central Pangean Mountains lay directly beneath the equatorial rainy belt. Data from the loess deposits of the Salagou Formation in France, dating to the Permian, indicates that the upland areas of the Central Pangean Mountains were likely glaciated, despite being located at the equator. Due to their immense size and orientation nearly parallel to the equator, during the Late Permian the Central Pangean Mountains created a rain shadow to the north of the range, blocking the monsoonal rains from the Southern Hemisphere, and contributed to the formation of the immense Zechstein salt deposits in Europe.


title: The Darcys

abstract: The Darcys are a Canadian two-piece art rock band from Toronto, Ontario. Currently independent, the duo was previously signed to a four-album deal with the record label Arts & Crafts. The third of those, 2013's Warring, was nominated for a Juno Award for Alternative Album of the Year, and was a longlist nominee for the 2014 Polaris Music Prize.

text:
# The Darcys

**The Darcys** are a Canadian two-piece art rock band from Toronto, Ontario.

Currently independent, the duo was previously signed to a four-album deal with the record label Arts & Crafts. The third of those, 2013's *Warring*, was nominated for a Juno Award for Alternative Album of the Year, and was a longlist nominee for the 2014 Polaris Music Prize.

## Career

### 2007-2011: Formation and early work

The Darcys, who obtained their name from Jane Austen's *Pride and Prejudice*, first began as the two-piece project of Jason Couse and Wes Marskell in Etobicoke, Ontario which gradually transitioned into a full band in Halifax, Nova Scotia with the additions of Dave Hurlow and Kirby Best. In December 2007, The Darcys’ debut album, Endless Water, was released. In the years following, the group returned to Toronto, and Michael le Riche was added to the lineup.

Days before their 2010 CMW showcase, Best had left the band, forcing them to frantically re-create the work of five into parts for four. This brought about the solidification of the current four-piece lineup: Jason Couse, Wes Marskell, Michael le Riche, and Dave Hurlow. On losing Best and adding Couse on vocals, Marskell notes, "We became really close friends because of it, and it also made us willing and able to work through things that came up later down the line that became publicized and were difficult for us internally." In the process of touring and recording their 2011 follow-up album amidst lineup changes, The Darcys continued to encounter hardships. This included stolen equipment, being held at knifepoint, and nearly losing their lives to a head-on collision on an icy road.

### 2011: *The Darcys* (self-titled)

Despite the release of Endless Water, the band will argue that their "true" first release came in 2011 with their self-titled Arts & Crafts debut, which marked the first of a three-record deal with the Toronto label responsible for prominent Canadian acts such as Broken Social Scene and Feist. The 10-track release received production from Murray Lightburn of The Dears and was mixed by Dave Schiffman (Rage Against The Machine, Weezer). The album was offered as a free download on the band's website, drawing many comparisons to Radiohead for its "lushly layered, lightly proggy arrangements." A music video was released for the album's second track, "Don't Bleed Me".

### 2012: *AJA*

Only months after releasing their self-titled album, The Darcys released their interpretation of Steely Dan’s 1977 release *Aja*. As Marskell mentions, the choice to cover the entire album "existed solely to redirect conversation" surrounding the band's self-titled release. The release gained much criticism for recreating an album that "cannot be duplicated or reinterpreted", while also receiving praise for being ‘compelling’ and bringing out the ‘dark-hued’ nature of the lyrical content. On November 11, 2012, the band presented ‘An Interpretation Of Steely Dan's Aja’ live at Toronto's historic **Lee's Palace**. A mini documentary was made by Adrian Vieni of **Wood & Wires Productions**, discussing the decision to re-imagine the album with interviews and live footage. A music video was also released for the track ‘Josie’.

### 2013: *Warring*

In late 2013, The Darcys delivered the third installment of a three album series with Warring. The band discussed accomplishing the album in a statement explaining: "It's learning in motion. Competition and survival, letting go to persevere. It is anxiety about the future and the triumph of life in the moment. It's victory on will alone, the force that eradicates failure as an option." The album is strongly influenced by the work of American novelist Cormac McCarthy, specifically his book Blood Meridian, which can be seen through the lyrical content. The 10-track album features artwork done by Toronto artist/graphic designer Sara Cwynar, as well as production from Tom McFall (Stars) and mixing from previous contributor, Dave Schiffman. Six music videos have been released to accompany the tracks ‘Pretty Girls’, ‘Itchy Blood’, ‘The River’, ‘Hunting’, ‘The Pacific Theatre’ and ‘Horses Fell’ from the album. *Warring* marked the band's first Juno nomination in 2014 for Alternative Album of the Year, and also earned a spot on the 2014 Polaris Music Prize longlist.

### 2013-2014: Play In School Campaign and "Hymn For A Missing Girl"

The Darcys embarked on their Play in School campaign in November 2013, to support the continuation of public school music programs and engage youths in embracing the importance of the arts as a part of their development. The band was turned on to the idea when the Toronto District School Board intended to cut its musical programs, in addition to receiving countless messages from young fans who were unable to attend their mainly 19+ shows. This campaign has enabled The Darcys to visit multiple high schools across Southern Ontario with the intention of encouraging students nationwide to "hold their school boards accountable to maintain and develop music programs."

In celebration of Record Store Day, The Darcys released "Hymn for a Missing Girl" in 2014 as an epilogue to *Warring*. The 22-minute instrumental, split into five movements, continues the trend of its predecessor with inspiration being drawn from Cormac McCarthy’s *Cities of the Plain*. The track was released online, though it was limited to 500 vinyl copies in North America.

The band has also released the track "Ultra Violet", a bonus track from the recording sessions of the 2013 album. In addition to working on a follow-up to *Warring* and touring rigorously, Marskell has been contributing to The Huffington Post by occasionally writing articles for their Canada Music section, mainly recounting The Darcys’ tour experiences.

### 2014-present: duo and *Centerfold*

On December 17, 2014, The Darcys announced the band will be going forward as a duo consisting of founding members Jason Couse and Wes Marskell.

On August 10, 2016, The Darcys announced their new album, *Centerfold*, would be released on November 4, 2016. The album is said to be a drastic shift in sound from the band's previous records.

The Darcys planned to release a cover of Mariah Carey's "All I Want for Christmas is You" in December 2016.

The Darcys were in the line-up for the Wayhome summer 2017 music festival in Oro-Medonte, Ontario.

The Darcys were in the line-up on the headline stage for the Wintersong 2022 music festival in Stouffville, Ontario.

## Discography

### Studio albums

* 2011 – *The Darcys*
* 2012 – *Aja*
* 2013 – *Warring*
* 2016 – *Centerfold*
* 2020 – *Fear & Loneliness*
* 2024 – *Rendering Feelings*

### Other releases

* 2014 – *Hymn For A Missing Girl*
* 2017 – *Another Log on the Fire*

### Singles

* 2010 – House Built Around Your Voice 7
* 2013 – The River
* 2016 – Miracle
* 2016 – Coming Up For Air
* 2016 – Arizona Hwy
* 2018 – Just Here With My Friends (feat. Leah Fay)
* 2018 – Chasing the Fall
* 2019 – Ocean Eyes (Billie Eilish Cover)
* 2019 – Hurt
* 2019 – Hurt - Piano Version
* 2019 – Better Days
* 2019 – Melodramatic
* 2020 – Boys Don't / Change
* 2020 – Look Me in the Eyes
* 2020 – Off the Deep

## InfoBox

| The Darcys | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Genres | Alternative rock |
| Labels | Arts & Crafts, Independent |
|  | |
| Members | Jason Couse
Wes Marskell |
|  | |
| Past members | Dave Hurlow
Mike le Riche
Kirby Best |
|  | |
| Website | www.thedarcys.ca |


title: Santa Barbara Museum of Art

abstract: The Santa Barbara Museum of Art (SBMA) is an art museum located in downtown Santa Barbara, California. Founded in 1941, it is home to both permanent and special collections, the former of which includes Asian, American, and European art that spans 4,000 years from ancient to modern.

text:
# Santa Barbara Museum of Art

The **Santa Barbara Museum of Art** (**SBMA**) is an art museum located in downtown Santa Barbara, California.

Founded in 1941, it is home to both permanent and special collections, the former of which includes Asian, American, and European art that spans 4,000 years from ancient to modern.

## History

The Santa Barbara Museum of Art opened to the public on June 5, 1941, in a building that was at one time the Santa Barbara Post Office (1914–1932). The idea for an art museum first came from the local artist Colin Campbell Cooper when he learned that the post office was going to be sold. In a letter to the editor published in the Santa Barbara News-Press in July 1937, Cooper proposed that the impressive Italianate structure should be transformed into a museum. After gaining momentum in town and with the support of local businesses, politicians and art collectors the Santa Barbara Museum of Art was officially established just four years after Cooper's letter was published. The renowned Chicago architect David Adler was hired to simplify the building's façade and create the Museum's first galleries including: Ludington Court, Thayer Gallery, von Romberg Gallery, Campbell Gallery and Gould Gallery. One of the Museum's key founders, Wright S. Ludington, was instrumental in its formation and was active with the Museum for over 50 years even serving as its president in the early 1950s. Most importantly, however, Ludington donated nearly 400 objects to the Museum's permanent collection including Ancient Greek and Roman antiquities, Ancient Chinese sculptures, as well as work from modern artists including Henri Matisse, Edgar Degas, Joseph Stella, Georges Braque, Pablo Picasso and Joan Miró.

Over its history the Museum has expanded with the addition of the Stanley B. McCormick Gallery donated by his wife Katharine McCormick in 1942 and the Sterling and Preston Morton Galleries in 1963. Significant expansions came when the Alice Keck Park Wing opened to the public in 1985 and the Jean and Austin H. Peck, Jr. Wing in 1998. The Ridley-Tree Education Center at McCormick House, a center for art education activities, was established in 1991. The newly renovated Park Wing Entrance and Luria Activities Center opened in June 2006.

Beginning in Summer 2016, the SBMA embarked on the largest renovation in its history addressing critical needs of the building including: seismic retrofitting, new storage and conservation space, new roof and mechanical systems, new art receiving facility and an increase in overall gallery space. The renovation was designed by the Santa Barbara firm Kupiec Architects. The total cost of the master plan, which involves extensive improvements for the museum’s 1914 building and the re-installation of its collection, was initially projected at $50 million.

Today, the Museum's 60,000 square feet include exhibition galleries, a store, café, a 154-seat auditorium, a library containing 50,000 books and 55,000 slides, a Family Resource Center dedicated to participatory interactive programming and an 11,500-square-foot off-site facility, the Ridley-Tree Education Center at McCormick House.

In 2023, Amada Cruz was appointed as the Director and CEO of the museum, succeeding Larry J. Feinberg. Shortly after Amada Cruz became Director in October 2023, she cancelled *Three American Painters: Then and Now*, a major exhibition with over 62 works, citing the aim of making the museum "more inclusive and more reflective of Santa Barbara County’s diverse community." Chief Curator Eik Kahng conceived the exhibit as a reimagining of art historian Michael Fried’s 1965 show *Three American Painters*, considered a precursor to Fried's 1967 historical essay "Art and Objecthood." The SBMA exhibit, years in the making, was to open summer 2024. Eik Kahng was dismissed and Cruz appointed herself to Kahng’s position. According to Santa Barbara Independent Cruz's "tenures at previous institutions were punctuated by controversy," including at the Phoenix Art Museum. SBMA did not provided a reason for Kahng's termination.

## Permanent collection

SBMA's permanent collection includes more than 27,000 works of art, including paintings, sculpture, prints, drawings, photographs, ceramics, glass, jades, bronzes, lacquer and textiles. These works represent the arts of Asia, Europe and the Americas spanning over 5,000 years of human history. Particular strengths of the permanent collection include:

## Exhibitions

SBMA presents shows of art and artists of the past, such as Degas, Leonardo, Picasso, Rothko, Van Gogh, Nam June Paik, Inge Morath and of living artists including Tatsuo Miyajima, April Street, Kehinde Wiley, and Peter Halley.

## Curatorial

The Santa Barbara Museum of Art maintains a diverse curatorial staff, including, Assistant Director and Chief Curator Eik Kahng, Curator of Contemporary Art James Glisson., Curator of Asian Art Susan Tai, and Curator of Photography and New Media Charlie Wylie.

## Looted art controversies

In 2023, the Santa Barbara Museum of Art agreed to restitute a drawing by Egon Schiele, "Portrait of the Artist’s Wife, Edith," which had been looted by the Nazis and later donated to the museum by one of its founders, Wright Ludington. This decision followed after seventeen years of concerted efforts by the heirs of Holocaust victim Fritz Grünbaum and intervention by the Manhattan District Attorney. The drawing, not displayed for decades, was returned to Grünbaum's heirs, acknowledging the wrongful acquisition under Nazi persecution. The museum, recognizing the need to correct historical wrongs, participated in this restitution to help close a painful chapter for the heirs. The Schiele, "Portrait of the Artist’s Wife, Edith", was the object of a lawsuit filed in 2022 against the museum and an investigation by New York authorities because it was sold in the USA through Otto Kallir's New York gallery St. Etienne" with no provenance whatsoever."

## InfoBox

Santa Barbara Museum of Art
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Established | 1941 |
| Location | 1130 State Street
Santa Barbara, CA

United States |
| Coordinates | 34°25′22″N 119°42′12″W / 34.422789°N 119.70345°W / 34.422789; -119.70345 |
| Type | Art museum |
| Director | Amada Cruz |
| Website | http://www.sbma.net/ |


title: Seminobatrachus

abstract: Seminobatrachus is an extinct genus of neotenic salamander from late Paleocene to early Eocene deposits of Cherkassy Region, central Ukraine. It is known from 14 skeletons from a drill hole near Boltyshka village. It was first named by Pavel P. Skutschas and Yuri M. Gubin in 2011 and the type species is Seminobatrachus boltyschkensis.

text:
# Seminobatrachus

***Seminobatrachus*** is an extinct genus of neotenic salamander from late Paleocene to early Eocene deposits of Cherkassy Region, central Ukraine. It is known from 14 skeletons from a drill hole near Boltyshka village. It was first named by Pavel P. Skutschas and Yuri M. Gubin in 2011 and the type species is *Seminobatrachus boltyschkensis*.

## InfoBox

| *Seminobatrachus*
Temporal range: Thanetian \- Ypresian, | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| A fossil with soft tissue impressions interpreted at right | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Urodela |
| Genus: | *Seminobatrachus*
Skutschas & Gubin, 2011 |
|
| Species | |
| * ***S. boltyschkensis***  Skutschas & Gubin, 2011 (type) | |


title: Carved worm lizard

abstract: The carved worm lizard is a species of amphisbaenian in the family Amphisbaenidae. The species is endemic to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. There are two recognized subspecies.

text:
# Carved worm lizard

The **carved worm lizard** (***Monopeltis scalper***) is a species of amphisbaenian in the family Amphisbaenidae. The species is endemic to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. There are two recognized subspecies.

## Description

*M. scalper* is brownish dorsally, and it is whitish ventrally. It may attain a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of 29 cm (11 in), with a tail 2.9 cm (1.1 in) long.

## Reproduction

The mode of reproduction of *M. scalper* is unknown.

## Subspecies

Two subspecies are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies.

* *Monopeltis scalper gerardi* Boulenger, 1913
* *Monopeltis scalper scalper* (Günther, 1876)

*Nota bene*: A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than *Monopeltis*.

## Further reading

* Boulenger GA (1885). *Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Second Edition. Volume II. ... Amphisbænidæ.* London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 497 pp. + Plates I–XXIV. (*Monopeltis scalper*, new combination, pp. 457–458 + Plate XXIV, figures 4a–4d).
* Boulenger GA (1913). "*Description d'un Reptile Amphisbénide nouveau provenant du Katanga*". *Revue Zoologique Africaine, Brussels* **2**: 392–393. (*Monopeltis gerardi*, new species, pp. 392–393, illustration, three views of head). (in French).
* Günther A (1876). "Notes on a small Collection brought by Lieut. L. Cameron, C.B., from Angola". *Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London* **1876**: 678–679. (*Phractogonus scalper*, new species, pp. 678–679, illustration, three views of head).

## InfoBox

| Carved worm lizard | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Amphisbaenidae |
| Genus: | *Monopeltis* |
| Species: | ***M. scalper*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Monopeltis scalper***
(Günther, 1876) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Phractogonus scalper*
Günther, 1876 * *Lepidosternon scalprum*
Strauch, 1881 * *Monopeltis scalper*
Boulenger, 1885 | |


title: Uniform Type Identifier

abstract: A Uniform Type Identifier (UTI) is a text string used on software provided by Apple Inc. to uniquely identify a given class or type of item. Apple provides built-in UTIs to identify common system objects – document or image file types, folders and application bundles, streaming data, clipping data, movie data – and allows third party developers to add their own UTIs for application-specific or proprietary uses. Support for UTIs was added in the Mac OS X 10.4 operating system, integrated into the Spotlight desktop search technology, which uses UTIs to categorize documents. One of the primary design goals of UTIs was to eliminate the ambiguities and problems associated with inferring a file's content from its MIME type, filename extension, or type or creator code. UTIs use a reverse-DNS naming structure. Names may include the ASCII characters A–Z, a–z, 0–9, hyphen ("-"), and period ("."), and all Unicode characters above U+007F. Colons and slashes are prohibited for compatibility with Macintosh and POSIX file path conventions. UTIs support multiple inheritance, allowing files to be identified with any number of relevant types, as appropriate to the contained data. UTIs are case-insensitive.

text:
# Uniform Type Identifier

A **Uniform Type Identifier** (**UTI**) is a text string used on software provided by Apple Inc. to uniquely identify a given class or type of item. Apple provides built-in UTIs to identify common system objects – document or image file types, folders and application bundles, streaming data, clipping data, movie data – and allows third party developers to add their own UTIs for application-specific or proprietary uses. Support for UTIs was added in the Mac OS X 10.4 operating system, integrated into the Spotlight desktop search technology, which uses UTIs to categorize documents. One of the primary design goals of UTIs was to eliminate the ambiguities and problems associated with inferring a file's content from its MIME type, filename extension, or type or creator code.

UTIs use a reverse-DNS naming structure. Names may include the ASCII characters A–Z, a–z, 0–9, hyphen ("-"), and period ("."), and all Unicode characters above U+007F. Colons and slashes are prohibited for compatibility with Macintosh and POSIX file path conventions. UTIs support multiple inheritance, allowing files to be identified with any number of relevant types, as appropriate to the contained data. UTIs are case-insensitive.

## Background

One of the difficulties in maintaining a user-accessible operating system is establishing connections between data types and the applications or processes that can effectively use such data. For example, a file that contains picture data in a particular compression format can only be opened and processed in applications that are capable of handling picture data, and those applications must be able to identify which compression type was used in order to extract and work with that data. In early computer systems – particularly DOS, its variants, and some versions of Windows – file associations are maintained by file extensions. The three to four character code following a file name instructs the system to open the file in particular applications.

Beginning with System 1, Macintosh operating systems have attached type codes and creator codes as part of the file metadata. These four-character codes were designed to specify both the application that created the file (the creator code) and the specific type of the file (the type code) so that other applications could easily open and process the file data. However, while type and creator codes extended the flexibility of the system — a particular type of file was not restricted to opening in a particular application — they suffered many of the same problems as file extensions. Type and creator codes could be lost when files were transferred across non-Macintosh systems (such as Unix-based servers), and the plethora of type codes made identification problematic.

In addition, the classic Mac OS did not recognize file extensions at all, leading to unrecognized file errors when files were transferred from DOS/Windows systems. OPENSTEP, which formed the basis of Mac OS X, used extensions, and early versions of Mac OS X followed suit. This led to some controversy with users and developers coming to OS X from NeXT or Windows origins advocating for continued use of file extensions, and those coming from Classic Mac OS urging Apple to replace or supplement file extensions with type and creators.

Other file identification types exist: for example, MIME types are used for identifying data that is transferred over the web. However, Apple's UTI system was designed to create a flexible file association system that would describe data hierarchically and allow for better categorization and searching, standardize data descriptions across contexts, and provide a uniform method of expanding data types. For instance, the *public.jpeg* and *public.png* UTIs inherit from the *public.image* UTI, allowing users to search narrowly for JPEG images or PNG images or broadly for any kind of image merely by changing the specificity of the UTI used in the search. Further, application developers who design new data types can easily extend the UTIs available. For example, a new image format developed by a company may have a UTI of *com.company.proprietary-image* and be specified to inherit from the *public.image* type.

Apple's macOS continues to support other forms of file association, and contains utilities for translating between them, but will use UTIs by preference where available.

## UTI structure

Apple maintains the public.\* domain as a set base data types for all UTIs. Other UTIs are associated with these base UTIs by **conformance**, a system similar to class inheritance. UTIs that conform to other UTIs share a basic types, and in general any application that works with data of a more general UTI should be able to work with data of any UTI that conforms to that general UTI.

### Apple public UTIs

The most basic public UTIs in the Apple hierarchy are as follows:

| Identifier | Conforms to | Comment |
| --- | --- | --- |
| public.item |  | base class in the physical hierarchy |
| public.content |  | base class for all document content |
| public.data | public.item | base class for all files, byte streams, pasteboard, etc. |
| public.image | public.data, public.content | base class for all images |

UTIs are even used to identify other file type identifiers:

| Identifier | Conforms to | Comment |
| --- | --- | --- |
| public.filename-extension | public.case-insensitive-text | Filename extension |
| public.mime-type | public.case-insensitive-text | MIME type |
| com.apple.ostype | public.text | Four-character code (type OSType) |
| com.apple.nspboard-type | public.text | NSPasteboard type |

Dynamic UTIs can be created as needed by applications; these have the prefix dyn. and take the form of "a UTI-compatible wrapper around an otherwise unknown filename extension, MIME type, OSType, and so on."

## Third-party UTIs

Apple provides a large collection of system-declared Uniform Type Identifiers. Third-party applications can add UTIs to the database maintained by macOS by "exporting" UTIs declared within the application package. Because new UTIs can be declared to "conform to" existing system UTIs, and declarations can associate the new UTIs with file extensions, an exported declaration alone can provide the operating system with enough information to enable new functions, such as enabling Quick Look for new file types.

### List of common third-party UTIs

| Description | UTI | Extensions | Conforms to | MIME types | Reference URL |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| OPML document | `org.opml.opml` | `.opml` | `public.xml` | `text/xml, text/x-opml, application/xml` | http://dev.opml.org/spec2.html |
| Markdown document | `net.daringfireball.markdown` | `.md, .markdown` | `public.plain-text` | `text/markdown` | https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/ |
| SQLite database | `vnd.sqlite3` | `.sqlite3, .sqlite, .db` | `public.database, public.data` | `application/vnd.sqlite3` | https://www.sqlite.org/fileformat2.html |
| POSIX Paths document | `cc.utis.paths-file` | `.paths` | `public.utf8-plain-text` | not defined | https://github.com/utiscc/DotPathsFileSpec |
| Pasteboard Types | `org.nspasteboard.TransientType`, `org.nspasteboard.ConcealedType`, `org.nspasteboard.AutoGeneratedType`, `org.nspasteboard.source` | not a file type | N/A | N/A | http://nspasteboard.org |

## Looking up a UTI

To get the UTI of a given file, use the mdls (meta data list, part of Spotlight) command in the Terminal.

`mdls -name kMDItemContentType -name kMDItemContentTypeTree -name kMDItemKind FILE`


title: Tai, Rivers

abstract:
Tai is a Local Government Area (LGA) of Rivers State in Nigeria. It covers an area of 159 km⁲ and at the 2006 Census it had a population of 117,797. It is part of the Okrika/Oyigbo/Tai/Eleme constituency of the Nigerian Senate, represented since April 2007 by George Thompson Sekibo. Tai local government headquarters is situated at Sakpenwa. Christianity and traditionalism are widely practiced in the area and little Islamic religion
In the April 2007 elections the Tai LGA recorded an implausible 99.6% turnout for the Governorship election.
Celestine Omehia of the Rivers State People's Democratic Party was at first declared winner, but his election was later annulled and Rotimi Amaechi, also of the PDP, was declared governor.
In February 2009, the Chairman of Tai Local Government Area was Barry Mpigi. Most of the people are Ogoni, speaking the Tee and Baan languages.
Communities include Ban-Ogoi, Bara-Ale, Bara-Alue, Barayira, Borobara, Botem, Bunu, Deeyor Kira, Gbam, Gbene-Ue, Horo, Kebara Kira, Korokoro, Koroma, Kpite, Nonwa Tai (Kebara), Nonwa Uedume, Orkpo, Sime and Ueken.
Other communities include Kporghor and Gio. Tai Local government area has two broad sections: the Tua Tua Kingdom and the Barasi Nonwa Kingdom, both under the overall Tai kingdom headed by the Gbene Mene Tai. The primary occupations are farming, and fishing to a lesser degree. In September 2009, Samuel Nnee was the paramount ruler of the Kpite Community in Tai LGA. There are many oil wells in the LGA, which is laced with pipelines, with most of the oil installations being operated by Shell Nigeria. However, the local community has seen little benefit from oil extraction, and infrastructure is poor.
In the 1990s, the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People began a struggle against the degradation of their lands, which at times erupted into violence. In June 2001 an oil pipeline that passes through the Baraale community ruptured and spilled crude oil into nearby forests, farmlands and houses. There were delays in repair, and in October 2001 the spilled oil caught fire, causing extensive environmental damage.
The region suffers from violence, kidnapping and arson.

text:
# Tai, Rivers

**Tai** is a Local Government Area (LGA) of Rivers State in Nigeria. It covers an area of 159 km2 and at the 2006 Census it had a population of 117,797. It is part of the Okrika/Oyigbo/Tai/Eleme constituency of the Nigerian Senate, represented since April 2007 by George Thompson Sekibo. Tai local government headquarters is situated at Sakpenwa. Christianity and traditionalism are widely practiced in the area and little Islamic religion In the April 2007 elections the Tai LGA recorded an implausible 99.6% turnout for the Governorship election. Celestine Omehia of the Rivers State People's Democratic Party was at first declared winner, but his election was later annulled and Rotimi Amaechi, also of the PDP, was declared governor. In February 2009, the Chairman of Tai Local Government Area was Barry Mpigi.

Most of the people are Ogoni, speaking the Tee and Baan languages. Communities include Ban-Ogoi, Bara-Ale, Bara-Alue, Barayira, Borobara (a central community), Botem, Bunu, Deeyor Kira, Gbam, Gbene-Ue, Horo, Kebara Kira, Korokoro (the seat of the Tai monarch), Koroma, Kpite, Nonwa Tai (Kebara), Nonwa Uedume, Orkpo, Sime and Ueken. Other communities include Kporghor and Gio.

Tai Local government area has two broad sections: the Tua Tua Kingdom and the Barasi Nonwa Kingdom, both under the overall Tai kingdom headed by the Gbene Mene Tai. The primary occupations are farming, and fishing to a lesser degree. In September 2009, Samuel Nnee was the paramount ruler of the Kpite Community in Tai LGA.

There are many oil wells in the LGA, which is laced with pipelines, with most of the oil installations being operated by Shell Nigeria. However, the local community has seen little benefit from oil extraction, and infrastructure is poor. In the 1990s, the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People began a struggle against the degradation of their lands, which at times erupted into violence. In June 2001 an oil pipeline that passes through the Baraale community ruptured and spilled crude oil into nearby forests, farmlands and houses. There were delays in repair, and in October 2001 the spilled oil caught fire, causing extensive environmental damage. The region suffers from violence, kidnapping and arson.

## Climate/Geography

Tai experiences year-round heat and humidity due to its tropical location. At 27 degrees Celsius (81 degrees Fahrenheit), the average temperature is 27 degrees, and the average humidity is 80%. Tai LGA has an approximate total area of 159 square kilometers with a mean temperature of 25 °C. There are several rivers and streams in the LGA, and the area's average humidity is reported to be 73%.

## Primary and Secondary Schools in Tai LGA

* Community Secondary school Kira, Tai
* Community Comprehensive Secondary School, Boyemi, Tai
* Community Comprehensive Secondary school Nonwa-Gam, Tai
* Community Secondary School Ban Ogoi, Tai
* Community Grammar School, Nowa, Tai
* Community Secondary School Koroma, Tai
* Tuatua Community Secondary School, Korokoro, Tai

See also: https://www.manpower.com.ng/lists/secondary-schools/lga/741/tai

4°43′0″N 7°18′0″E / 4.71667°N 7.30000°E / 4.71667; 7.30000

## InfoBox

| Tai | |
| --- | --- |
| LGA | |
| TaiTai shown within Nigeria | |
| Coordinates: 4°43′0″N 7°18′0″E / 4.71667°N 7.30000°E / 4.71667; 7.30000 | |
| Country | Nigeria |
| State | Rivers State |
| Date created | 1996 |
| Seat | Saakpenwa |
| Government | |
| Local Government Chairman | Mbakpone Okpe (PDP) |
| Deputy Local Government Chairman | Caroline Amaawa (PDP) |
| Local Government Council | Ward 1: Christian Monday (PDP)
Ward 2: Kumbe Susan (PDP)
Ward 3: Dorkabari Best Ebere (PDP)
Ward 4: Kenneth Levi (PDP)
Ward 5: Prince Tamzor (PDP)
Ward 6: David Tambeke Ngeh (PDP)
Ward 7: Paul Ngbene Barigbue (PDP)
Ward 8: Theophilus Otumba (PDP)
Ward 9: Godknows Bira Ntorkere (PDP)
Ward 10: Lagalo Mene Sam (PDP) |
| Population | 117,797 (2,006) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
|  | |


title: Utricularia fimbriata

abstract: Utricularia fimbriata is a small to medium-sized, probably perennial carnivorous plant that belongs to the genus Utricularia. U. fimbriata is endemic to Colombia and Venezuela. It grows as a terrestrial plant in damp, sandy soils in savannas at altitudes from near sea level to 300 m (984 ft). It was originally described and published by Carl Sigismund Kunth in 1818. In 1913, John Hendley Barnhart treated this species as part of a new genus, Aranella, which was later reduced to the taxonomic rank of section within the genus Utricularia, thus bringing the species back to the original genus.

text:
# Utricularia fimbriata

***Utricularia fimbriata*** is a small to medium-sized, probably perennial carnivorous plant that belongs to the genus *Utricularia*. *U. fimbriata* is endemic to Colombia and Venezuela. It grows as a terrestrial plant in damp, sandy soils in savannas at altitudes from near sea level to 300 m (984 ft). It was originally described and published by Carl Sigismund Kunth in 1818. In 1913, John Hendley Barnhart treated this species as part of a new genus, *Aranella*, which was later reduced to the taxonomic rank of section within the genus *Utricularia*, thus bringing the species back to the original genus.

## InfoBox

| *Utricularia fimbriata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Lentibulariaceae |
| Genus: | *Utricularia* |
| Subgenus: | *Utricularia* subg. *Bivalvaria* |
| Section: | *Utricularia sect. Aranella* |
| Species: | ***U. fimbriata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Utricularia fimbriata***<br>Kunth | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: LaMonica Garrett

abstract: LaMonica Garrett is an American actor and former professional Slamball player. He is best known for Deputy Sheriff Cane in the FX series Sons of Anarchy (2011–2014), Mike Ritter in the abc/Netflix series Designated Survivor (2016–2018), John in Primal (2019), Mar Novu / Monitor and Anti-Monitor in the Arrowverse (2018–2020), Thomas in the Paramount+ series 1883 (2021–2022), and Tucker in the Paramount+ series Special Ops: Lioness (2023).

text:
# LaMonica Garrett

**LaMonica Garrett** (born May 23, 1975) is an American actor and former professional Slamball player. He is best known for Deputy Sheriff Cane in the FX series *Sons of Anarchy* (2011–2014), Mike Ritter in the abc/Netflix series *Designated Survivor* (2016–2018), John in *Primal* (2019), Mar Novu / Monitor and Anti-Monitor in the Arrowverse (2018–2020), Thomas in the Paramount+ series *1883* (2021–2022), and Tucker in the Paramount+ series *Special Ops: Lioness* (2023).

## Early years and sports career

LaMonica Garrett was born in San Francisco, California. He was named after former Oakland Raiders quarterback Daryle Lamonica, of whom his parents were fans. During high school, Garrett was a football player. When his family moved to Los Angeles, he and a friend were transferred to Burbank High School. Garrett has said that although his friend made the varsity team, he was held back on the junior varsity team due to his ego and attitude. In an interview with *Muscle and Fitness* magazine, he refers to this setback as a "wake-up call, which taught him both humility and accountability—and drove him into the gym."

Because of this, Garrett started working out more intensively and managed to excel on offense. After high school, he attended a Los Angeles junior college where he played as a linebacker. Eventually, Garrett transferred to Central State University in Ohio where he continued to play. At one point, he led the team in tackles. Garrett was interested in joining the NFL, but despite having what he called "a great Pro Day" and having some workouts with the Detroit Lions and the Los Angeles Rams, he was not picked up.

Garrett had always been interested in acting, so he moved to Los Angeles to pursue a career in entertainment. In the meantime, he worked as a FedEx driver to pay for acting classes. Garrett also started playing Slamball, a hybrid between basketball and football played with trampolines. During his time playing, he became the league's leading scorer and one of four players announced for the All Slamball Team.

## Acting career

While still a Slamball player, Garrett landed a role on an episode of *One Tree Hill* that had a Slamball-related storyline. After that, he signed with an agent and continued to get minor roles in TV shows like *Hawthorne*, *CSI: Miami*, and *NCIS*, as well as films like *Transformers: Dark of the Moon*. In 2011, Garrett started a recurring role as Deputy Sheriff Cane on FX's *Sons of Anarchy*. He appeared in 17 episodes from 2011 to 2014.

In 2016, Garrett landed two key roles; the first one, as Lieutenant TAO Cameron Burk on TNT's *The Last Ship*, and the second as Secret Service agent Mike Ritter on ABC's *Designated Survivor*. David Guggenheim, creator and executive producer of the latter, said they "needed someone who could throw President Tom Kirkman into a car", but that had "an emotional core goodness". The character of Mike Ritter became a fan favorite and Garrett remained with the show through the whole first two seasons, until its initial cancelation. After the show was picked up by Netflix, Garrett confirmed on Twitter that after "lengthy negotiations" he would not return due to budget constraints.

In late 2018, he was cast as Mar Novu / The Monitor in the Arrowverse crossover event "Elseworlds" on The CW, which connects storylines from *The Flash*, *Arrow*, and *Supergirl*. He reprised the role throughout the spring 2019 episodes of *Arrow*, *The Flash*, *Supergirl*, and *Legends of Tomorrow.* He was later upgraded to a series regular for those shows, as well as *Batwoman*, to ensure his availability for all appearances prior to and in the "Crisis on Infinite Earths" crossover. In July 2019, it was announced that Garrett would also be portraying the Anti-Monitor in the crossover.

In 2021, Garrett was cast as Thomas in *1883*, a Yellowstone Origin Story, which is available exclusively on Paramount+. This show debuted December 19, 2021, and is a spin-off of the popular Paramount Network show Yellowstone, starring Kevin Costner. 1883 stars Faith Hill, Sam Elliott, and Tim McGraw.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Director | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2011 | *Transformers: Dark of the Moon* | Morshower's Aide | Michael Bay |  |
| 2019 | *Primal* | John Ringer | Nick Powell |  |
| | *Clemency* | Logan Cartwright | Chinonye Chukwu |  |
| 2020 | *DC/Marvel: Crisis on Infinite Earths* | Mar Novu/Monitor | AListProductions | Short fan film |
| TBA | *Takeover* | Sheriff ‘Herc’ Hitchens | Greg Jonkajtys |  |
| TBA | *Osiris* | TBA | William Kaufman |  |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2002 | *Dog Eat Dog* | Himself | Contestant |
| 2008 | *One Tree Hill* | Jerome | Episode: "Sympathy for the Devil" |
| 2011–2014 | *Sons of Anarchy* | Deputy Sheriff Cane | 17 episodes |
| 2012 | *Suits* | Roberto Solis | Episode: "Asterisk" |
| 2012–2013 | *Mike & Molly* | James | 2 episodes |
| 2012 | *Political Animals* | Agent Clark | 3 episodes |
| 2014 | *Modern Family* | Bouncer | Episode: "Haley's 21st Birthday" |
| 2016–2018 | *Designated Survivor* | Mike Ritter | 38 episodes |
| | *The Last Ship* | Lt. TAO Cameron Burk | 15 episodes |
| 2018–2019 | *Supergirl* | Mar Novu / Monitor   ---  Anti-Monitor | Guest star (season 4), Main (season 5); 5 episodes |
| 2018–2020 | *Arrow* | | Guest star (season 7), Main (season 8); 8 episodes |
| 2018–2019 | *The Flash* | | Guest star (season 5), Main (season 6); 6 episodes |
| 2019–2020 | *Legends of Tomorrow* | | Guest star (season 4), Main (season 5); 2 episodes |
| 2019 | *Batwoman* | | Main (season 1); 2 episodes |
| 2020 | *Curb Your Enthusiasm* | Officer Harris | Episode: "Insufficient Praise" |
| 2021 | *Delilah* | Casey Landon |  |
| | *Brooklyn Nine-Nine* | FBI Agent Feingold | "The Set Up" |
| 2021–2022 | *1883* | Thomas | Main |
| 2022 | *The Terminal List* | Commander Bill Cox | Recurring Role; 5 episodes |
| 2023–present | *Special Ops: Lioness* | Tucker | Main role |

### Video games

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2011 | *Fight Night Champion* | Andre Bishop |  |
| | *Need for Speed: The Run* | Rival Racer 2 / Highway Patrolman |  |
| 2019 | *Call of Duty: Modern Warfare* | Sergeant Griggs |  |

## InfoBox

| LaMonica Garrett | |
| --- | --- |
| Garrett in 2003 during his Slamball time | |
| Born | (1975-05-23) May 23, 1975<br>San Francisco, California, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 2003–present |
| Spouse | Mina Ivanova (m. 2017) |
| Children | 1 |


title: Radoševo

abstract: Radoševo is a village in the municipality of Arilje, Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 286 people.

text:
# Radoševo

**Radoševo** is a village in the municipality of Arilje, Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 286 people.

43°40′N 19°56′E / 43.667°N 19.933°E / 43.667; 19.933

## InfoBox

| Radoševo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Radoševo | |
| Coordinates: 43°40′N 19°56′E / 43.667°N 19.933°E / 43.667; 19.933 | |
| Country | Serbia |
| District | Šumadija |
| Municipality | Arilje |
| Area | |
| Total | 16.84 km2 (6.50 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 739 m (2,425 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 286 |
| Density | 17/km2 (44/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Chamayam (1993 film)

abstract: Chamayam is a 1993 Indian Malayalam-language drama film directed by Bharathan and written by John Paul, starring Manoj K. Jayan, Murali and Sithara in the lead roles. The film is about the lives of two fishermen who are also stage actors.

text:
# Chamayam (1993 film)

***Chamayam*** is a 1993 Indian Malayalam-language drama film directed by Bharathan and written by John Paul, starring Manoj K. Jayan, Murali and Sithara in the lead roles. The film is about the lives of two fishermen who are also stage actors.

## Plot

Esthappan Aasan is a veteran stage artist and director who is also a fisherman for a living. He runs a drama troupe along with his daughter Liza and another drama actor Charlie. Anto is a fisherman in the same area whose friend Pappi is an actor at Esthappan Aasan’s drama troupe. Anto is a wayward youth mostly into drinking and gambling in his free time and lives with his sister Ammu. Pappi’s sister Ponnu has a crush on Anto and secretly dotes for him. Ammu is waiting for her lover Raghu who is shown as working overseas, waiting for a chance to come back. Esthappan Aasan detests Anto since he mocks Aasan for being a drama enthusiast fisherman. Once Anto even creates a ruckus at Aasan’s house and rehearsal camp since Pappi failed to turn up for one of their trade-related deals as he was busy with practice. However, both warms up to each other and becomes thick friends after a chance encounter at a local toddy shop with singing and dancing. Aasan, who was in a fix due to Charlie not turning up for rehearsal decides to try Anto for the lead role of his drama since he had committed the same for the church festival. Anto is reluctant at first but turns out to be a born performer and an actor of great potential. The drama during church festival becomes a grand success with Anto being praised for his performance. Aasan gets one more booking for the same play at another church event and decides to continue casting Anto.

At this stage Charlie comes to the scene, claiming that he could not make it to the rehearsal and stage due to come prior commitments and promises Aasan to continue his role like before. Aasan reluctantly let’s go of Anto and the play gets staged with Charlie in the role but turns out average since Charlie lacked practice and forget his lines frequently. At this point, Charlie, who is also the troupe financier, introduces a new drama writer with the intention of producing a social drama as a change from Aasan’s historical / mythological themes. However, the writer puts out a condition that he himself will direct the play and can give Aasan a role if there is any scope for the same. A humiliated Aasan storms out of the meeting and severs all ties with Charlie. He decides to write and produce a new drama with Anto as the lead and comes up with a plot of Alexander the Great. During the rehearsal at the beach, Charlie comes and creates a scene, saying that Liza is under a contract with Charlie and cannot get involved with another troupe or production. He threatens legal action unless he gets the lead role. A furious Aasan drives him out and starts thinking of a solution. Liza comes up with the idea of casting Ammu as the lead lady. The play gets staged with Anto and Ammu as the lead and becomes a success. Anto and Liza gets involved romantically and even gets the approval of Aasan for marriage.

During one of the stages, Raghu is shown as furiously watching the lead pair of Anto and Ammu perform at the stage. One day he comes to their house and starts beating up Ammu. When everyone intervenes, he reveals that Ammu is not Anto’s sister as they claimed, and she is a Hindu. He further accuses them of being involved in an illicit affair and she is cheating on Raghu who came back for her. This creates confusion in the camp, and it’s shown that it was Charlie who aggravated Raghu at a Bar after the play and turned him against Ammu and Anto by his false accusations.

Eventually Anto and Ammu reveals their life in the flashback. Anto was a young lad troubled by his stepfather, when ammu’s father took him in and helps him to lead a good life. Anto grows up as their neighbor and treats Ammu as his own sister. When Ammu gets romantically involved with Anto’s friend Raghu, Anto warns her against it since he is not of a stable nature, but she does not heed to his warnings. One day when both try to elope, a fight ensues with Raghu and her brothers, and her younger brother is killed in the ongoing scuffle. Raghu goes into hiding to avoid any issue and Anto is forced to relocate with Ammu since she wanted to live with Raghu only and further staying at her house was dangerous at this point. They come to this place and starts living as brother and sister, all the while waiting for Raghu’s arrival. Raghu, still convinced of Ammu’s infidelity, comes to their house, and tries to rape her. Aasan and Anto beats him up and drives him away. Aasan goes to Charlie and warns him to stay away from his people, even when Raghu threatens him of finishing off Anto for good. During the next play, Aasan tells Pappi to keep an eye on Anto due to the risk of an attack from Raghu. In the green room, he sees Raghu trying to get into the backstage with the intention of attacking Anto. Both get into a scuffle and in the ensuing fight Raghu fatally stabs Aasan and Aasan strangles Raghu to death. Aasan comes back to the stage for his part without informing anyone of the injury and plays his part of getting stabbed to death in the final act of drama to perfection before dying in the stage itself in his costumes like he had always wished.

## Cast

## Production

Originally, Bharathan conceived the characters of Anto and Esthappan Ashan for Mohanlal and Thilakan. But, they were later replaced by Manoj K. Jayan and Murali.

## Soundtrack

All lyrics are written by Kaithapram Damodaran; all music is composed by Johnson

| No. | Title | Artist(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Anthi Kadappurathu" | M. G. Sreekumar, Jolly Abraham |  |
| 2. | "Ragadevanum" | M. G. Sreekumar, K. S. Chithra |  |
| 3. | "Raja Hamsame Mazhavil" | K. S. Chithra |  |

## InfoBox

| Chamayam | |
| --- | --- |
| Poster | |
| Directed by | Bharathan |
| Written by | John Paul |
| Produced by | G. P. Vijayakumar |
| Starring | Manoj K. Jayan
Murali
Sithara
Mayoori
Niyas Backer |
| Cinematography | Dinesh Babu |
| Edited by | B. Lenin
V. T. Vijayan |
| Music by | Johnson |
| Production
company | Seven Arts International |
| Distributed by | Seven Arts Release |
| Release date | * 1993 (1993) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Malayalam |


title: The Daredevil Reporter

abstract: The Daredevil Reporter is a 1929 German silent thriller film directed by Ernst Laemmle and starring Eddie Polo, Gritta Ley and Maria Forescu. It was the first credited screenplay by Billy Wilder. The film was made by the German subsidiary of Universal Pictures. The sets were designed by Gustav A. Knauer and Willy Schiller.

text:
# The Daredevil Reporter

***The Daredevil Reporter*** (German: ***Der Teufelsreporter***) is a 1929 German silent thriller film directed by Ernst Laemmle and starring Eddie Polo, Gritta Ley and Maria Forescu. It was the first credited screenplay by Billy Wilder.

The film was made by the German subsidiary of Universal Pictures. The sets were designed by Gustav A. Knauer and Willy Schiller.

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Smedley, Nick. *A Divided World: Hollywood Cinema and Emigré Directors in the Era of Roosevelt and Hitler, 1933-1948*. Intellect Books, 2011.

## InfoBox

| The Daredevil Reporter | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Ernst Laemmle |
| Written by | Billy Wilder |
| Produced by | Joe Pasternak |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Charles J. Stumar |
| Production<br>company | Deutsche Universal-Film |
| Distributed by | Deutsche Universal-Film |
| Release date | * 19 July 1929 (1929-07-19) |
| Country | Germany |
| Languages |  |


title: San Vittorino, Cittaducale

abstract: San Vittorino is a Baroque former Roman Catholic church in Cittaducale, province of Rieti, region of Lazio, Italy. Soon after completion in 1613, the church collapsed into a sinkhole, and the roofless ruins remain, with the facade sheltering a mineral-water pool that streams out the former portal. The combination of ruins and nature create an air of mystery; the church was used in some of the scenes of the movie Nostalghia.

text:
# San Vittorino, Cittaducale

**San Vittorino** is a Baroque former Roman Catholic church in Cittaducale, province of Rieti, region of Lazio, Italy. Soon after completion in 1613, the church collapsed into a sinkhole, and the roofless ruins remain, with the facade sheltering a mineral-water pool that streams out the former portal. The combination of ruins and nature create an air of mystery; the church was used in some of the scenes of the movie *Nostalghia*.

42°22′35″N 12°59′19″E / 42.3764°N 12.9887°E / 42.3764; 12.9887


title: Sela nad Podmelcem

abstract: Sela nad Podmelcem is a small village in the hills north of Podmelec in the Municipality of Tolmin in the Littoral region of Slovenia.

text:
# Sela nad Podmelcem

**Sela nad Podmelcem** (pronounced \[ˈseːla nat pɔdˈmeːu̯tsɛm\]) is a small village in the hills north of Podmelec in the Municipality of Tolmin in the Littoral region of Slovenia.

## InfoBox

| Sela nad Podmelcem | |
| --- | --- |
| Sela nad PodmelcemLocation in Slovenia | |
| Coordinates: 46°10′40.7″N 13°48′56.28″E / 46.177972°N 13.8156333°E / 46.177972; 13.8156333 | |
| Country | Slovenia |
| Traditional region | Slovenian Littoral |
| Statistical region | Gorizia |
| Municipality | Tolmin |
| Area | |
| Total | 6.47 km2 (2.50 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 829.8 m (2,722.4 ft) |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 9 |
|  | |


title: Cascade, West Virginia

abstract: Cascade is an unincorporated community in Preston County, West Virginia, United States. Cascade is located along West Virginia Route 7, Deckers Creek, and a CSX Railroad line 1.2 miles (1.9 km) northwest of Masontown.

text:
# Cascade, West Virginia

**Cascade** is an unincorporated community in Preston County, West Virginia, United States. Cascade is located along West Virginia Route 7, Deckers Creek, and a CSX Railroad line 1.2 miles (1.9 km) northwest of Masontown.

## InfoBox

| Cascade, West Virginia | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Cascade, West VirginiaCascade, West Virginia | |
| Coordinates: 39°33′48″N 79°48′52″W / 39.56333°N 79.81444°W / 39.56333; -79.81444 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | West Virginia |
| County | Preston |
| Elevation | 1,703 ft (519 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| Area code(s) | 304 & 681 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1554081 |


title: John Harrington (Parliamentarian)

abstract: John Harington (1627–1700) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1654. He fought in the Parliamentary army in the English Civil War. Harrington was the son of John Harrington of Kelston, Somerset and was baptised at Kelston on 19 May 1627. He matriculated at Lincoln College, Oxford on 21 February 1640, aged 13. In the Civil War he was a captain of a Somerset troop of horse in the Parliamentary army. He was of Corston, and later of Kelston. His father died in 1654. In 1654, he was elected Member of Parliament for Somerset in the First Protectorate Parliament. He was re-elected MP for Somerset in 1656 for the Second Protectorate Parliament. In 1659 he was elected MP for Bath for the Third Protectorate Parliament. Harrington died at the age of 73 at Bath and was buried there on 16 April 1700.

text:
# John Harrington (Parliamentarian)

**John Harington** (1627–1700) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1654. He fought in the Parliamentary army in the English Civil War.

Harrington was the son of John Harrington of Kelston, Somerset and was baptised at Kelston on 19 May 1627. He matriculated at Lincoln College, Oxford on 21 February 1640, aged 13. In the Civil War he was a captain of a Somerset troop of horse in the Parliamentary army. He was of Corston, and later of Kelston. His father died in 1654. In 1654, he was elected Member of Parliament for Somerset in the First Protectorate Parliament. He was re-elected MP for Somerset in 1656 for the Second Protectorate Parliament. In 1659 he was elected MP for Bath for the Third Protectorate Parliament.

Harrington died at the age of 73 at Bath and was buried there on 16 April 1700.


title: Taimur ministry

abstract: The Taimur ministry was the state ministry of Assam headed by Chief Minister Anwara Taimur of the Indian National Congress (I) from 6 December 1980 until its resignation on 30 June 1981. The ministry was formed after the withdrawal of President's rule imposed in the state since 12 December 1979 in the aftermath of Assam agitation against illegal foreign nationals staying in Assam under the leadership of the All Assam Students' Union (AASU) and further involvement of the United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) which resulted in breakdown of law and order in the state and the resignation of Chief Minister Jogendra Nath Hazarika. Anwara Taimur of the Indian National Congress (I) was elected the chief minister, thus becoming the first and only female and Muslim to serve as chief minister of Assam. She served in the position until her resignation on 30 June 1981 and the subsequent imposition of President's rule following intensification of the agitation against illegal foreign nationals.

text:
# Taimur ministry

The **Taimur ministry** was the state ministry of Assam headed by Chief Minister Anwara Taimur of the Indian National Congress (I) from 6 December 1980 until its resignation on 30 June 1981. The ministry was formed after the withdrawal of President's rule imposed in the state since 12 December 1979 in the aftermath of Assam agitation against illegal foreign nationals staying in Assam under the leadership of the All Assam Students' Union (AASU) and further involvement of the United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) which resulted in breakdown of law and order in the state and the resignation of Chief Minister Jogendra Nath Hazarika.

Anwara Taimur of the Indian National Congress (I) was elected the chief minister, thus becoming the first and only female and Muslim to serve as chief minister of Assam. She served in the position until her resignation on 30 June 1981 and the subsequent imposition of President's rule following intensification of the agitation against illegal foreign nationals.

## Composition

The ministry was formed on 6 December 1980 and was sworn in into office by Governor Lallan Prasad Singh. It consisted of Chief Minister Anwara Taimur, five ministers of cabinet rank and two ministers of state. The cabinet ministers included Ramesh Chandra Saharia, Kesab Chandra Gogoi, Hiteswar Saikia, Golok Rajbanshi, A. F. Golam Osmani, while the ministers of state included Mukut Sarma and Afzalur Rahman. On 7 December, two more ministers were appointed. Dhani Ram Rongpi was appointed cabinet minister while Joy Chandra Nagbanshi was appointed minister of state.

Later, Taimur was succeeded by her Finance Minister Kesab Chandra Gogoi as the state's chief minister on 13 January 1982 after the withdrawal of the president's rule in the state.

## Ministers

### Cabinet Ministers

| Portfolio | Minister | Tookoffice | Leftoffice | Party | | Constituency |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Chief Minister** and also in-charge of:
Department of General Administration
Department of Political
Department of Personnel and Appointments
Department of Information and Public Relations
Department of Planning and Development
Department of Public Works
Department of Industries
Department of Revenue
Department of Cabinet Affairs
And all other departments and subjects not allocated to any other minister. | Anwara Taimur | 6 December 1980 | 30 June 1981 |  | INC(I) | Dalgaon |
| Minister of Home Affairs | Ramesh Chandra Saharia | 6 December 1980 | 30 June 1981 |  | INC(I) | Panery |
| Minister of Finance
Minister of Judicial, Legislative and Law)
Minister of Parliamentary Affairs | Kesab Chandra Gogoi | 6 December 1980 | 30 June 1981 |  | INC(I) | Dibrugarh |
| Minister of Education
Minister of Sports
Minister of Cultural Affairs
Minister of Supplies | Hiteswar Saikia | 6 December 1980 | 30 June 1981 |  | INC(I) | Nazira |
| Minister of Health and Family Welfare | Golok Rajbanshi | 6 December 1980 | 30 June 1981 |  | INC(I) | Rangapara |
| Minister of Power
Minister of Irrigation | A. F. Golam Osmani | 6 December 1980 | 30 June 1981 |  | INC(I) | Barkhola |
| Minister of Transport
Minister of Tribal Welfare | Dhani Ram Rongpi | 7 December 1980 | 30 June 1981 |  | INC(I) | Baithalangso |

### Ministers of State

| Portfolio | Minister | Tookoffice | Leftoffice | Party | | Constituency |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Minister of State of the Department of Flood Control
Minister of State of the Department of Forests
Minister of State of the Department of Tourism | Mukut Sarma | 6 December 1980 | 30 June 1981 |  | INC(I) | Nowgong |
| Minister of State of the Department of Panchayat and Community Development | Afzalur Rahman | 6 December 1980 | 30 June 1981 |  | INC(I) | Jaleswar |
| Minister of State of the Department of Labour | Joy Chandra Nagbanshi | 7 December 1980 | 30 June 1981 |  | INC(I) | Moran |

## InfoBox

| Taimur ministry | |
| --- | --- |
| Date formed | 6 December 1980 |
| Date dissolved | 30 June 1981 |
| People and organisations | |
| Governor | Lallan Prasad Singh |
| Chief Minister | Anwara Taimur |
| Member parties | Indian National Congress (I) |
| History | |
| Election | 1978 |
| Successor | Kesab Chandra Gogoi Ministry |


title: John W. Harreld

abstract: John William Harreld was a United States representative and Senator from Oklahoma. Harreld was the first Republican senator elected in Oklahoma and represented a shift in Oklahoma politics.

text:
# John W. Harreld

**John William Harreld** (January 24, 1872  December 26, 1950) was a United States representative and Senator from Oklahoma. Harreld was the first Republican senator elected in Oklahoma and represented a shift in Oklahoma politics.

## Early life and career

Harreld was born in Butler County, Kentucky, near Morgantown to Martha Helm and Thomas Nelson Harreld. He attended public schools, the normal school at Lebanon, Ohio, and Bryant & Stratton Business College of Louisville, Kentucky, where he taught while studying law. Admitted to the bar in 1889, he begin his practice in Morgantown. He was prosecuting attorney of Butler County from 1892 to 1896. After marrying Laura Ward on October 20, 1889, and having a son, Ward, he moved to Ardmore, Oklahoma, in 1906. He was a referee in bankruptcy from 1908 to 1915, when he resigned to become an executive with an oil corporation. He moved to Oklahoma City in 1917 and engaged in the production of oil and continued the practice of law. After his first wife's death, he married his wife's sister, Thurlow Ward, in 1931.

## Political career

Harreld was elected, on November 8, 1919, as a Republican to the Sixty-sixth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Joseph B. Thompson and served from November 8, 1919, to March 4, 1921. He was not a candidate for renomination, having become a candidate for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senator; he was elected to the Senate in 1920 and served from March 4, 1921, to March 4, 1927; he was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1926. He served as Senate chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs. He was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1940 to the Seventy-seventh Congress and returned to Oklahoma City, where he continued the practice of law and his interest in the oil business.

He died in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, in 1950, and was interred in Fairlawn Cemetery.

## InfoBox

| John W. Harreld | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| United States Senator
from Oklahoma | |
| **In office**
March 4, 1921  March 4, 1927 | |
| Preceded by | Thomas Gore |
| Succeeded by | Elmer Thomas |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Oklahoma's 5th district | |
| **In office**
November 8, 1919  March 4, 1921 | |
| Preceded by | Joseph Bryan Thompson |
| Succeeded by | Fletcher B. Swank |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | John William Harreld
(1872-01-24)January 24, 1872
Butler County, Kentucky |
| Died | December 26, 1950(1950-12-26) (aged 78)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouses | * Laura Ward * Thurlow Ward |
| Alma mater | Bryant & Stratton Business College, Louisville, Kentucky |
|  | |


abstract: The men's 800 metres event at the 2017 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on 3 March 2017 at 11:35 (heats), on 4 March at 19:25 (semifinals) and on 5 March 17:50 (final) local time.

text:
# 2017 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Men's 800 metres

The **men's 800 metres** event at the 2017 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on 3 March 2017 at 11:35 (heats), on 4 March at 19:25 (semifinals) and on 5 March 17:50 (final) local time.

## Medalists

| **Gold** | **Silver** | **Bronze** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Adam Kszczot
*Poland* | Andreas Bube
*Denmark* | Álvaro de Arriba
*Spain* |

## Records

| Standing records prior to the 2017 European Athletics Indoor Championships | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **World record** | Wilson Kipketer (DEN) | **1:42.67** | Paris, France | 9 March 1997 |
| **European record** | | | | |
| **Championship record** | Paweł Czapiewski (POL) | **1:44.78** | Vienna, Austria | 3 March 2002 |
| **World Leading** | Casimir Loxsom (USA) | **1:46.13** | Birmingham, United Kingdom | 18 February 2017 |
| **European Leading** | Adam Kszczot (POL) | **1:46.17** | Düsseldorf, Germany | 1 February 2017 |

## Results

### Heats

Qualification: First 2 in each heat (Q) and the next 4 fastest (q) advance to the Semifinal.

| Rank | Heat | Athlete | Nationality | Time | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | Andreas Kramer | Sweden | 1:46.86 | Q, PB |
| 2 | 1 | Thijmen Kupers | Netherlands | 1:47.21 | Q, SB |
| 3 | 1 | Daniel Andújar | Spain | 1:47.32 | q |
| 4 | 1 | Robert Farken | Germany | 1:48.06 | q |
| 5 | 4 | Adam Kszczot | Poland | 1:48.37 | Q |
| 6 | 4 | Álvaro de Arriba | Spain | 1:48.57 | Q |
| 7 | 4 | Paul Renaudie | France | 1:48.63 | q |
| 8 | 4 | Andreas Bube | Denmark | 1:48.68 | q |
| 9 | 4 | Guy Learmonth | Great Britain | 1:48.73 |  |
| 10 | 1 | Balázs Vindics | Hungary | 1:49.18 |  |
| 11 | 2 | Jan Kubista | Czech Republic | 1:49.21 | Q |
| 12 | 2 | Amel Tuka | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1:49.84 | Q |
| 13 | 3 | Kyle Langford | Great Britain | 1:49.93 | Q |
| 14 | 3 | Kevin López | Spain | 1:49.96 | Q |
| 15 | 3 | Christoph Kessler | Germany | 1:50.04 |  |
| 16 | 2 | Mateusz Borkowski | Poland | 1:50.08 |  |
| 17 | 3 | Jan Van Den Broeck | Belgium | 1:50.43 |  |
| 18 | 2 | Zak Curran | Ireland | 1:50.87 |  |
| 19 | 2 | Pol Moya | Andorra | 1:50.88 |  |
| 20 | 1 | Brice Etès | Monaco | 1:51.35 |  |
| 21 | 3 | Hugo Santacruz | Switzerland | 1:52.61 |  |
| 22 | 2 | Jozef Repčík | Slovakia | 1:52.62 |  |
| 23 | 4 | Tigran Mkrtchyan | Armenia | 1:53.54 |  |
| 24 | 3 | Matúš Talán | Slovakia | 1:57.83 |  |
|

### Semifinals

Qualification: First 3 in each heat (Q) advance to the Final.

| Rank | Heat | Athlete | Nationality | Time | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | Álvaro de Arriba | Spain | 1:48.36 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | Adam Kszczot | Poland | 1:48.53 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | Thijmen Kupers | Netherlands | 1:48.69 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | Kyle Langford | Great Britain | 1:49.23 |  |
| 5 | 1 | Paul Renaudie | France | 1:49.26 |  |
| 6 | 2 | Andreas Bube | Denmark | 1:49.42 | Q |
| 7 | 2 | Daniel Andújar | Spain | 1:49.44 | Q |
| 8 | 2 | Kevin López | Spain | 1:49.53 | Q |
| 8 | 1 | Andreas Kramer | Sweden | 1:49.53 |  |
| 10 | 2 | Jan Kubista | Czech Republic | 1:49.81 |  |
| 11 | 2 | Robert Farken | Germany | 1:51.39 |  |
|  | 2 | Amel Tuka | Bosnia and Herzegovina | DNS |  |
|

### Final

| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | Time | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Adam Kszczot | Poland | 1:48.87 |  |
|  | Andreas Bube | Denmark | 1:49.32 |  |
|  | Álvaro de Arriba | Spain | 1:49.68 |  |
| 4 | Daniel Andújar | Spain | 1:50.28 |  |
| 5 | Thijmen Kupers | Netherlands | 1:50.47 |  |
| 6 | Kevin López | Spain | 1:54.17 |  |
|


title: The Dapifer

abstract: The Dapifer was an independent fashion magazine that focused on editorial photography, fashion industry news, art, and streetwear. It was founded by Lakenya Kelly during his undergraduate studies at Cornell University in 2010. Initially a small streetwear blog, it released its first print issue in October 2011, and maintained a limited print release schedule for future issues. The Dapifer was owned by Kelly, its founder and editor-in-chief.

text:
# The Dapifer

***The Dapifer*** was an independent fashion magazine that focused on editorial photography, fashion industry news, art, and streetwear. It was founded by Lakenya Kelly during his undergraduate studies at Cornell University in 2010. Initially a small streetwear blog, it released its first print issue in October 2011, and maintained a limited print release schedule for future issues. *The Dapifer* was owned by Kelly, its founder and editor-in-chief.

## Contributors

The fashion media platform collaborated with various brands and agencies, including Ford Models, Wilhelmina Models, New York Models, Alexander McQueen, Saint Laurent, and the La Jolla Fashion Film Festival. *The Dapifer* also collaborated with contemporary visual artists, such as Brooklyn painter Michael Alan. In July 2016, Kelly was appointed as a judge at La Jolla Fashion Film Festival.

## Online platforms

In 2016, *The Dapifer* transitioned its operations to digital publishing. The publication introduced iOS and Android apps to facilitate mobile access to its digital content, both of which have since been removed.

In 2016, *The Dapifer* launched an online networking platform that was also known as *The Dapifer*. This platform served as a resource in photography, modeling, styling, and the creative arts.

## InfoBox

*The Dapifer*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Editor-in-Chief | Lakenya Kelly |
| Categories | Fashion magazine |
| Founder | Lakenya Kelly |
| Founded | 2010 |
| First issue | October 2011 (2011-10) |
| Company | The Dapifer, LLC |
| Country | United States |
| Based in | New York City |
| Language | English |


title: CBS International Business School

abstract: The CBS International Business School (CBS) is a state-recognised, private business school which emerged in 2020 from the individual brands Cologne Business School (CBS) and European Management School (EMS). At its locations in Cologne, Mainz, Potsdam, Aachen, Brühl, Neuss and Solingen, it offers approximately 3,000 students its predominantly English-language business management study courses with the academic degrees Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, Master of Arts, Master of Science and MBA. The CBS Cologne Business School GmbH is the responsible body of the university.

text:
# CBS International Business School

The **CBS International Business School (CBS)** is a state-recognised, private business school which emerged in 2020 from the individual brands Cologne Business School (CBS) and European Management School (EMS). At its locations in Cologne, Mainz, Potsdam, Aachen, Brühl, Neuss and Solingen, it offers approximately 3,000 students its predominantly English-language business management study courses with the academic degrees Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, Master of Arts, Master of Science and MBA. The CBS Cologne Business School GmbH is the responsible body of the university.

## Profile

The CBS International Business School was founded in 1993 under the name "International Campus". It specialises in practice-oriented management study programmes according to international standards. Its portfolio includes on-site study programmes in German or English, which can be studied full-time, extra-occupationally or part-time.

The practical relevance of the courses of study is guaranteed by, among others, lecturers from business and science, who transfer their practical knowledge directly into teaching. In addition, practice-oriented teaching content such as business projects and business simulation games, in which ethical issues and theories of sustainable management are discussed, are firmly anchored in the curricula.

The study program portfolio of CBS International Business School comprises around 40 study programmes at Bachelor, Master and MBA level. They can be studied full-time, part-time, or extra-occupationally. All study programmes at the CBS International Business School are regularly accredited by the trinational accreditation agency FIBAA (Foundation for International Business Administration Accreditation) and the German Council of Science and Humanities. Institutionally, the CBS has also been accredited by the International Accreditation Council for Business Education (IACBE).

The university also has numerous memberships in national and international associations, such as the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB), the Central and East European Management Development Association (CEEMAN), the Dr. Jürgen Foundation and the Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME) Initiative. Since 2018, Prof. Dr. Elisabeth Fröhlich, President of the CBS International Business School, has held the chairmanship of the Cologne Science Round Table (KWR), whose aim is to highlight the numerous scientific and economic potentials of the region with its diverse range of offers and to facilitate networking between Cologne's universities and research institutions.

## History

The development of the CBS International Business School is closely connected to the European Business and Language Academy, which was founded in 1908 as a private academy at the location of the current Cologne campus in the southern part of Cologne. In the winter semester 1993/1994, the Europäische Wirtschafts- und Sprachenakademie (EWS) introduced courses of study according to the Bachelor system for the first time under the new name "International Campus", which made it one of the first providers of these degrees in Germany alongside the University of Bochum. In 1998, the study programmes of this business studies bachelor model were the first in Germany to be accredited by FIBAA. One year later, the university was renamed "Cologne Business School - International Campus", which can still be found in the acronym "CBS" of the university name "CBS International Business School".

The CBS first expanded in 2006 and founded the European Management School (EMS) as its second location, today's "Campus Mainz". Since 2016, the CBS has been part of the Stuttgart Klett Group and was awarded IACBE accreditation (International Accreditation Council for Business Education) in 2018.

With the re-design of the new brand in 2020, the CBS International Business School presents itself as a joint university group with an enhanced study profile and with the new slogan "Creating tomorrow". Since August 2020, the CBS International Business School has had a further campus in Potsdam-Babelsberg.

In 2022, CBS took over the Management and Technology university division of European University of Applied Sciences (EUFH), which also belongs to Klett, as a result of which the locations Brühl, Aachen, Neuss and Solingen were newly added and the number of students and study programs approximately doubled.

## Milestones of CBS International Business School

1993: Foundation of Cologne Business School (CBS) in Cologne

1998: FIBAA accreditation of all study programmes

2006: Foundation of European Management School (EMS) in Mainz

2016: Integration into the Klett Group

2018: IACBE accreditation as the first German university

2020: Merger of Cologne Business School and European Management School to form CBS International Business School

2020: Foundation of the Potsdam campus

2022: Fusion between CBS International Business School and European University of Applied Sciences (EUFH)

## Internationality

The internationalisation of the university is one of the core goals of the CBS. This is not only reflected in the international orientation of its English-language degree programmes but also in a broad international network of currently 130 partner universities worldwide (as of February 2020). The CBS also has an Erasmus Charter for Higher Education (ECHE), which makes it part of the Erasmus+ programme funded by the EU Commission.

In the curricula of the English-language BA and BSc programmes, the semester abroad is integrated as a compulsory part of the programme. The semesters abroad are made possible via a mobility window in the 5th semester of the degree course and are completed at the CBS partner universities. Internships abroad are also supported and promoted by the CBS Career Service. The student body of the CBS is characterised by a high degree of diversity with a share of over 20% of international students from almost 75 different nations across all study courses. The integration of the international students is promoted via close academic and also social support through consultation hours, various events and German courses at the CBS.

## Further facilities of CBS International Business School

### Center for Advanced Sustainable Management

The **Center for Advanced Sustainable Management (CASM)** was founded at the CBS in 2016 from the Dr. Jürgen Meyer Endowed Chair for International Business Ethics and Sustainability. Since its foundation, the CASM has been headed by Prof. Dr. René Schmidpeter and Patrick Bungard. The CASM deals with questions of corporate social responsibility, international business and corporate ethics, sustainability as well as social innovation. It integrates and promotes research and education on relevant sustainability and CSR topics within the university. The CASM also aims to generate an active transfer of knowledge between academic research and business practice through corporate cooperation. The Center has developed strong relationships with key companies in the field of sustainable management as well as with chambers of commerce, ministries of economics, NGOs, think tanks and thought leaders at local and international level. Together they are working to make sustainability the new standard in business practice and in sustainable management education. CASM aims to drive the change towards systemically sustainable management by training young leaders, imparting knowledge and bringing together people who believe in the same way of thinking.

Since 2018, CASM has been a partner in various international research cooperation that focus on the development and piloting of innovative teaching formats for sustainable management and their effectiveness.

CASM is a founding member of the international WISE Institute. WISE is based at the IEDC-Bled School of Management and aims to serve professionals in the field of sustainable business (including business ethics, CSR and environmental responsibility) in emerging economies through practice-oriented research, education and networking. The aim is to develop an ongoing research and education agenda to advance integrated sustainability and facilitate the implementation of best practices in emerging economies. Further partners are the National Institute for Innovation Management at Zhejiang University in China and the University of Stellenbosch Business School in South Africa.

In addition, since 2019 CASM has been a member of the ESSSR (European School of Sustainability Science & Research) and the NBS SSC (Network for Business Sustainability: Sustainability Centers Community).

In 2018, CASM, in cooperation with the Humboldt University, the Hamburg School of Business Administration and other national and international partners, hosted the 8th International Conference on Sustainability and Responsibility on the topic of "Responsible Leadership in Times of Transformation" for the first time. More than 400 participants from around 40 nations attended the CSR and Sustainability Conference. In addition, the 5th Responsible Management Education Research Conference took place in the run-up to the conference, which in 2018 was under the patronage of the PRME Regional Chapter DACH and dealt with the topic "Leadership Development for Advancing the Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals".

From August 2021 to February 2023 the CASM was headed by Prof. Dr. Cristian R. Loza Adaui, who joined CBS International Business School as holder of the Professorship for Sustainability Management and Corporate Social Responsibility. During this period the CASM was responsible for the activities related to four international Erasmus+ Projects:

Additionally the CASM coordinated the activities of the project 1Uni - 1Book, dedicated to the topic of Gender Data Gap: #TheOtherHalf - Making Invisible Women Visible! which was financed by the Stifterverband.

### University start-up network cologne e.V.

In 2018, CBS International Business School took over the office of the hochschulgründernetz cologne e. V.(hgnc), which is represented by Prof. Dr. Ulrich Anders as Managing Director and Flora Carlhoff as Project Manager. The hgnc offers a wide range of consulting and information services for prospective founders from the Cologne region, which are free of charge for students, graduates and scientists from Cologne universities and non-university research institutions. With 20 partners from universities and institutions in Cologne (including innovation centres, banks, the Cologne Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the City of Cologne), the association, which was founded in 1998, has developed into the first point of contact and expert network in Cologne.

## Research

At the core of the research work at CBS are the two areas of sustainable management and digitisation, which are expressed in the concept of "Corporate Digital Responsibility". Other current research clusters include: "Education & Methods", "Business Transformation", "Entrepreneurship & Innovation", "Leadership, People & Organisation" and "Financial Markets & Rising Economics", all of which are considered in the context of globalisation.

The cluster *"Business Transformation"* comprises all steps of an entrepreneurial value chain and is dedicated to questions of how these value chain steps must be transformed or realigned through sustainable management and digitisation. *"Entrepreneurship & Innovation",* as another cluster, is dedicated to the establishment of innovative digital and sustainable business models. *"Leadership, People & Organisation"* focuses in particular on the constantly increasing demands on the management culture, personnel management practices and organisation of a company. The cluster *"Financial Markets & Rising Economies" plays a* special role in the context of sustainable management and digitalisation. The fast-growing emerging economies are facing central challenges in terms of climate protection, energy consumption, or the protection of human rights, while shaping their growth and role in a globalised economy. Finally, the cluster *"Education & Methods"* is of particular importance as a base for research. In addition to implementing integrated curricula for sustainable management and digitisation, educational institutions are faced with the challenge of implementing new methods for research and teaching as well as finding instruments that document learning success in a sustainable manner.

Research projects at the CBS:

\- ***German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD):***

From Navigational Data to Ontologies - Knowledge Integration for Cataloguing Ethical Scenarios in Autonomous Vehicles (KI-ES-AV) - Research project applied for within the DAAD Programme "PPP Programme for Project-Related Personal Exchange" together with researchers from the AGH University of Science and Technology in Kraków

\- ***German Research Foundation (DFG):***

Module on business management professions for biochemists, for Graduate College of the University of Cologne, as part of a DFG application of the University of Cologne, AG Prof. Dr. Jan Riemers, Department of Chemistry

\- ***German Research Foundation (DFG):***

DFG-NCN (Beethoven)-Projekt “The effects of non-financial reporting legislation on human resource management practices and corporate governance in Germany and Poland”. Analyzing the impacts of Directive 2014/95/EU

\- ***German Research Foundation (DFG):***

Entrepreneurship programme "Bench-to-Business" for graduate college of the University of Cologne, as part of a DFG application of the University of Cologne, AG Prof. Dr. Meerholz, Department of Chemistry (focus on physical chemistry). Pre-proposal positively reviewed, DFG inspection expected in March 2020.

\- ***ERASMUS+ STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS 2018:***

Cooperation for Innovation and the Exchange of Good Practices: ISSUE - Innovative Solutions for SUstainability in Education (2018-1-HU01-KA202-047730)

\- ***ERASMUS+ STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS 2019:***

Cooperation for innovation and the exchange of good practices: EFFORT - EFFectiveness Of Responsibility Teaching (KA203-135267E4)

\- ***National Science Center Poland:***

Research grant awarded by the National Science Center Poland (https://www.ncn.gov.pl/), body of the Ministry of Higher Education in Poland, to support internationalization of project title: *"Changes in competitiveness and the intensity of international economic cooperation of the new EU Member States in the years 2000-2014"* (January 2016 - December 2019) in cooperation with professors from the Warsaw School of Economics (Prof. dr. habil. Elzbieta Czarny) and Krakow School of Economics (Prof. Dr. habil. Edward Molendowski)

\- ***Research Data Alliance (RDA) Europe:***

"SDG Ambassador Grant

## Professors (selection)

Source:

* Michael Schwertel, Media Producer
* Klemens Skibicki, Economic Historian
* Anja Karlshaus, Economist
* Desmond Wee, Professor of Culture, Consumption & Mobilities
* Rembert Horstmann, Professor of Marketing and Sales
* Ingvill C. Ødegaard, Professor of International Politics

## Members of the Advisory Board (selection)

Source:

* Gregor Berghausen, Managing Director, IHK Düsseldorf
* Thomas Bischof, Chairman, Gothaer Allgemeine Versicherung
* Marcus Flory, VP Technology & Innovation, Digital Factory Deutsche Telekom
* Dr. Michael Fübi, Chairman, TÜV Rheinland AG
* Andreas Janetzko, CEO, TBA Logistics
* Klaus Laepple, tourism industry entrepreneur
* Dr. Tanja Lingohr, CEO, ICON-INSTITUTE
* Birgit Oßendorf-Will, Group HR Director, Ströer Group
* Ulf C. Reichardt, CEO, NRW.Energy4Climate
* Prof. Dr. Walter Tokarski, Rector (ret.), Deutsche Sporthochschule
* Markus Voss, Global CIO & COO, DHL Supply Chain

## Known students/graduates

* Thomas Bachem (\*1985), German entrepreneur, software developer and venture capitalist
* Christian Miele, Investor at e. ventures, President of the Federal Association of German Startups
* Gleb Tritus, Entrepreneur, Investor, Managing Director at Lufthansa Innovation Hub
* Christopher Muhr, Entrepreneur, Co-Founder Citydeal (Groupon International), Investor

50°55′28″N 6°56′57″E / 50.92444°N 6.94917°E / 50.92444; 6.94917

## InfoBox

CBS International Business School
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Other name | CBS |
| Motto in English | Creating tomorrow |
| Established | 1993 |
| President | Prof. Dr. Anja Karlshaus |
| Students | 3000 (2022) |
| Location | Cologne, Germany |
| Website | http://www.cbs.de/en/ |