abstract: The 1933 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the first edition of the All-Star Game known as the "Midsummer Classic". This was the first official playing of the midseason exhibition baseball game between Major League Baseball's (MLB's) National League (NL) and American League (AL) All-Star teams. The game was held on July 6, 1933, at Comiskey Park in Chicago, Illinois, the home of the AL's Chicago White Sox. The game resulted in the AL defeating the NL, 4–2, in two hours and five minutes. The first official All-Star Game came 22 years after the Addie Joss Benefit Game of July 24, 1911, when the American League's Cleveland Naps faced a team of all-stars from other American League teams at League Park in Cleveland, Ohio; the game was won by the all-star squad, 5–3.

text:
# 1933 Major League Baseball All-Star Game

The **1933 Major League Baseball All-Star Game** was the first edition of the All-Star Game known as the "Midsummer Classic". This was the first official playing of the midseason exhibition baseball game between Major League Baseball's (MLB's) National League (NL) and American League (AL) All-Star teams. The game was held on July 6, 1933, at Comiskey Park in Chicago, Illinois, the home of the AL's Chicago White Sox. The game resulted in the AL defeating the NL, 4–2, in two hours and five minutes.

The first official All-Star Game came 22 years after the Addie Joss Benefit Game of July 24, 1911, when the American League's Cleveland Naps faced a team of all-stars from other American League teams at League Park in Cleveland, Ohio; the game was won by the all-star squad, 5–3.

## History

The first official MLB All-Star exhibition game on July 6, 1933, was held at Comiskey Park (1910–1990) and was part of the 1933 Chicago World's Fair during the city's centennial. The 1933 MLB All-Star Game was the idea of Arch Ward, the sports editor of the *Chicago Tribune*, after the Mayor of Chicago, Edward J. Kelly, had first approached the *Tribune's* publisher for a major sport event. The game was intended to be a one-time event to boost morale during the Great Depression. Ward decided that the fans would select the starting nine players and the managers the other nine players for each of the NL and AL All-Star teams. The *Tribune* called it the "Game of the Century", and 55 newspapers across the country printed the fans' ballots in their papers. The *Tribune* estimated the game's attendance on July 6, 1933, at 49,000. The proceeds ($45,000, net gate receipts) from the game went to a charity for disabled and needy major league players. The All-Star Game would afterwards be known as MLB's "Midsummer Classic".

The legendary Babe Ruth of the Yankees highlighted the game by hitting a two-run home run to right field in the bottom of the third inning and catching a fly ball up against the scoreboard in right-center field in the top of the eighth inning. Ruth was greeted at home plate by the AL/Chicago White Sox batboy John McBride and teammate Lou Gehrig. Twenty of the game's thirty-six All-Stars including Ruth would later be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame at Cooperstown, New York. Both the game's managers, five out of six coaches, and two out of the four umpires on the field that day would also be future Hall of Famers. Two AL All-Stars were White Sox players, starting third baseman Jimmy Dykes and starting center fielder Al Simmons. Yankee Lefty Gomez was the winning pitcher for the American League.

The NL team wore specially made gray uniforms and navy blue caps with "National League" in navy blue felt letters on the front of the jersey, a large navy blue felt number on the back and "NL" in white letters printed on the navy caps. The AL team members each wore their home uniform. The NL members were allowed to keep their All-Star uniforms and caps. In 1934, each NL member used their home uniform and cap.

The game's official AL baseball was changed to an official NL baseball and the AL home plate umpire was replaced by a NL home plate umpire after the top of the 5th inning. 60 baseballs autographed by All-Star players were given out before the game started.

## 1933 All-Star Game rosters

Personnel in *italics* have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.

## 1933 All-Star Game

### Umpires

| Position | Umpire | League |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Home Plate | Bill Dinneen | American |
| First Base | *Bill Klem* | National |
| Second Base | *Bill McGowan* | American |
| Third Base | Cy Rigler | National |

The umpires rotated positions clockwise in the middle of the fifth inning, with Klem moving behind the plate.

### Starting lineups

| National League | | | | American League | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Order | Player | Team | Position | Order | Player | Team | Position |
| **1** | Pepper Martin | St. Louis | 3B | **1** | Ben Chapman | New York | LF |
| **2** | *Frankie Frisch* | St. Louis | 2B | **2** | *Charlie Gehringer* | Detroit | 2B |
| **3** | *Chuck Klein* | Philadelphia | RF | **3** | *Babe Ruth* | New York | RF |
| **4** | *Chick Hafey* | Cincinnati | LF | **4** | *Lou Gehrig* | New York | 1B |
| **5** | *Bill Terry* | New York | 1B | **5** | *Al Simmons* | Chicago | CF |
| **6** | Wally Berger | Boston | CF | **6** | Jimmy Dykes | Chicago | 3B |
| **7** | Dick Bartell | Philadelphia | SS | **7** | *Joe Cronin* | Washington | SS |
| **8** | Jimmie Wilson | St. Louis |  | **8** | *Rick Ferrell* | Boston |  |
| **9** | Bill Hallahan | St. Louis |  | **9** | *Lefty Gomez* | New York |  |
|

### Game summary

Thursday, July 6, 1933 1:15 pm (CT) at Comiskey Park in Chicago, Illinois
| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| National League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 0 |
| **American League** | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | x | 4 | 9 | 1 |
| **WP:** Lefty Gomez (1–0)   **LP:** Bill Hallahan (0–1)
**Home runs:**
NL: Frankie Frisch (1)
AL: Babe Ruth (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Chick Hafey of the National League had the first hit, a bloop single to center field to lead off the second inning. The American League got on the board first in the bottom of the second. NL pitcher Bill Hallahan issued one-out walks to Jimmy Dykes and Joe Cronin. Two batters later, the game's winning pitcher Lefty Gomez, singled home Dykes for the AL's first run.

In the bottom of the third, after a walk to Charlie Gehringer, Babe Ruth famously hit the first home run in All-Star Game history, putting the AL up 3–0. Hallahan was chased from the game after walking Lou Gehrig immediately afterward, and was replaced by Lon Warneke. General Crowder replaced Gomez to start the fourth inning. In the sixth, Warneke hit a one-out triple and scored on a Pepper Martin groundout. Frankie Frisch followed with a home run to bring the NL to within a run, but after a Chuck Klein single, Crowder would escape the inning without giving up any more damage.

Cronin led off the bottom of the sixth with a single. After advancing on a bunt, he scored on an Earl Averill single to extend the lead to 4–2. Crowder would be replaced by Lefty Grove in the top of the seventh, while Warneke was replaced by Carl Hubbell in the bottom of the inning. The NL looked to have a chance in the top of the eighth. With Frisch on first with two outs, Hafey lined a shot to right field that looked like it could be a home run, but Ruth reached over the wall to catch it, denying the NL a chance to tie the game. Grove retired the side in order in the ninth to secure the American League's victory.

## InfoBox

1933 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9     National League 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 8 0  **American League** 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 9 1 | |
| Date | July 6, 1933 |
| Venue | Comiskey Park |
| City | Chicago, Illinois |
| Managers |  |
| Attendance | 47,595 |
| Radio | CBS
NBC |
| Radio announcers | Pat Flanagan and Johnny O'Hara (CBS)
Graham McNamee and Hal Totten (NBC) |
|


title: Josh Fisher

abstract: Joseph A "Josh" Fisher is an American and Spanish computer scientist noted for his work on VLIW architectures, compiling, and instruction-level parallelism, and for the founding of Multiflow Computer. He is a Hewlett-Packard Senior Fellow (Emeritus).

text:
# Josh Fisher

**Joseph A "Josh" Fisher** (born July 22, 1946) is an American and Spanish computer scientist noted for his work on VLIW architectures, compiling, and instruction-level parallelism, and for the founding of Multiflow Computer. He is a Hewlett-Packard Senior Fellow (Emeritus).

## Biography

Fisher holds a BA (1968) in mathematics (with honors) from New York University and obtained a Master's and PhD degree (1979) in Computer Science from The Courant Institute of Mathematics of New York University.

Fisher joined the Yale University Department of Computer Science in 1979 as an assistant professor, and was promoted to associate professor in 1983. In 1984 Fisher left Yale to found Multiflow Computer with Yale colleagues John O'Donnell and John Ruttenberg. Fisher joined HP Labs upon the closing of Multiflow in 1990. He directed HP Labs in Cambridge, MA USA from its founding in 1994, and became an HP Fellow (2000) and then Senior Fellow (2002) upon the inception of those titles at Hewlett-Packard. Fisher retired from HP Labs in 2006.

Fisher is married (1967) to Elizabeth Fisher; they have a son, David Fisher, and a daughter, Dora Fisher. He holds Spanish citizenship due to his Sephardic heritage.

## Work

### Trace Scheduling

In his Ph.D. dissertation, Fisher created the Trace Scheduling compiler algorithm and coined the term Instruction-level parallelism to characterize VLIW, superscalar, dataflow and other architecture styles that involve fine-grained parallelism among simple machine-level instructions. Trace scheduling was the first practical algorithm to find large amounts of parallelism between instructions that occupied different basic blocks. This greatly increased the potential speed-up for instruction-level parallel architectures.

### The VLIW architecture style

Because of the difficulty of applying trace scheduling to idiosyncratic systems (such as 1970s-era DSPs) that in theory should have been suitable targets for a trace scheduling compiler, Fisher put forward the VLIW architectural style. VLIWs are normal computers, designed to run compiled code and used like ordinary computers, but offering large amounts of instruction-level parallelism scheduled by a trace scheduling or similar compiler. VLIWs are now used extensively, especially in embedded systems. The most popular VLIW cores have sold in quantities of several billion processors.

### Multiflow Computer

Multiflow was founded to commercialize trace scheduling and VLIW architectures, then widely thought to be impractical. Multiflow's technical success and the dissemination of its technology and people had a great effect on the future of computer science and the computer industry.

## Awards and honors

* 1984 NSF Presidential Young Investigator's Award. (This award was meant to persuade promising faculty to stay at universities; financial grant to Yale University declined due to Fisher's leaving to start Multiflow.)
* 1987 Eli Whitney Connecticut Entrepreneur of the Year.
* 2003 Eckert–Mauchly Award given by The IEEE Computer Society and The Association for Computing Machinery, *in recognition of 25 years of seminal contributions to instruction-level parallelism, pioneering work on VLIW architectures, and the formulation of the Trace Scheduling compilation technique*. The Eckert-Mauchly is known as the computer architecture community's highest award.
* 2012 B. Ramakrishna Rau Award given by The IEEE Computer Society *for the development of trace scheduling compilation and pioneering work in VLIW (Very Long Instruction Word) architectures*.

## Writings

## InfoBox

| Josh Fisher | |
| --- | --- |
| Josh Fisher in 2014. | |
| Born | (1946-07-22) July 22, 1946
Bronx, NY, USA |
| Alma mater | Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences (New York University) |
| Known for | The Invention of VLIW Architectures, Instruction-level Parallelism, Trace Scheduling, Co-Founder of Multiflow Computer |
| Awards | Eckert-Mauchly Award, (IEEE/ACM 2003)
B. Ramakrishna Rau Award (IEEE-CS 2012)
Connecticut Entrepreneur of the Year (1987)
Presidential Young Investigator's Award (NSF 1984) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Computer Architecture, Compiling, Embedded Systems |
| Institutions | Yale University, Multiflow Computer, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories (retired) |
|  | |


title: 1934 Mexican general election

text:
# 1934 Mexican general election

General elections were held in Mexico on 1 July 1934. The presidential elections were won by Lázaro Cárdenas, who received 98% of the vote.

## Results

### President

| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Lázaro Cárdenas | National Revolutionary Party | 2,225,000 | 98.19 |
|  | Antonio Irineo Villarreal | Revolutionary Confederation of Independent Parties | 24,395 | 1.08 |
|  | Adalberto Tejeda Olivares | Socialist Parties of the Left | 16,037 | 0.71 |
|  | Hernán Laborde | Mexican Communist Party | 539 | 0.02 |
| Total | | | 2,265,971 | 100.00 |
|  | | | | |
| Source: Nohlen | | | | |

## InfoBox

1934 Mexican general election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Presidential election | |
|  | |
| Nominee **Lázaro Cárdenas** Antonio Villarreal   Party PNR CPRI  Popular vote **2,225,000** 24,395  Percentage **98.19%** 1.08% | |
| ---  **President before election**
Abelardo L. Rodríguez
PNR **Elected President**
Lázaro Cárdenas
PNR | |
|  | |


# Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022

This article documents the chronology of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022, which originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Some developments may become known or fully understood only in retrospect. Reporting on this pandemic began in December 2019.

## Reactions and measures in the United Nations

## Reactions and measures in Africa

## Reactions and measures in the Americas

### 13 January

## Reactions and measures in the Eastern Mediterranean

### 7 January

* The Israeli Health Ministry has eliminated its "red list" of countries with high-infection rates on the grounds that travel bans have failed to stop the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant domestically.

## Reactions and measures in Europe

### 16 January

* The French Parliament has approved several new measures to combat COVID-19 including requiring people to have a vaccine pass to enter public places such as restaurants, cafes, cinemas and long-distance trains.

## Reactions and measures in South, East and Southeast Asia

### 4 January

The Chinese city of Yuzhou has entered into a lockdown following the discovery of three asymptomatic cases.

### 12 January

* Malaysian Health Minister Khairy Jamaluddin confirmed that travellers entering the country who are fully vaccinated and have previously contracted Covid-19 do not need to undergo mandatory quarantine.

### 19 January

* Malaysian National Unity Minister Halimah Mohamed Sadique announced that house visits and family reunions would be allowed for Chinese New Year. While open houses would not be allowed, functions could proceed on an invitation basis.

### 21 January

* Health Minister Khairy announced that travelers who had received their booster doses would only be required to undergo a five day quarantine period from 24 January.

## Reactions and measures in the Western Pacific

### 2 January

* The Fijian Health Ministry's Permanent Secretary Dr James Fong confirmed that the Government would be avoiding "population blanket" measures such as lockdowns to combat the third wave of COVID-19, citing their adverse impact on the community. Instead, the Fijian Government would be focusing on vaccination, masking, physical distancing, social gathering limits, and hand hygiene.

### 4 January

* The Fijian Health Ministry revised the country's quarantine and isolation policies to require COVID-19 positive healthcare workers to self-isolate for seven days before resuming work.

### 9 January

### 10 January

* Kiribati reopened its borders to international travellers, which had been closed since March 2020.

### 17 January

### 18 January

* COVID-19 Response Minister Chris Hipkins postponed the next MIQ (Managed Isolation and Quarantine) lottery due to an increase in imported Omicron cases.

### 19 January

* Following an outbreak resulting from a commercial flight, the Kiribati Government imposed a nationwide curfew and mandated the wearing of face masks.

### 20 January

### 22 January

* Kiribati entered into a four-day nationwide lockdown following confirmed COVID-19 community transmissions. In addition, a 24-hour curfew was imposed on non-essential services, with exceptions being made for essential food providers.
* In response to an outbreak at the border, the Samoan Government imposed a 48-hour lockdown on the country from 6pm on Friday (21 January) to Monday (24 January). Under this state of emergency, all residents except for essential workers were required to stay at home. Businesses, schools and restaurants were closed while travel and mass gatherings were banned.

### 23 January

### 25 January

* The New Zealand Government has announced that workers covered by the country's vaccine mandate will be required to wear surgical-grade or N95 face masks instead of cloth face masks and improvised masks such as scarfs, bandannas, and T-shirts.
* Samoan Prime Minister Fiame Naomi Mata'afa extended Samoa's lockdown until 27th January after five frontline nurses tested positive for COVID-19. In addition, the Government allowed certain businesses and services including petrol and cashpower outlets, banks, money transfer services, and chemists to open for limited hours between 8am and 2 pm.

### 28 January

* The Kiribati Government extended the country's lockdown for another week in response to rising community cases.

### 29 January

* The Samoan Government lifted the country's lockdown due to a lack of community transmission. Workplaces and businesses will be allowed to reopen while public gatherings will be limited to 30 people. Only cargo flights will be allowed to enter Samoa.


title: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology

abstract: The Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins covering clinical psychopharmacology. It was founded by Richard I. Shader, MD in 1981 as the first journal of an international scope devoted solely to clinical psychopharmacology. David J. Greenblatt, MD served as Co-Editor-In-Chief.  Drs. Shader and Greenblatt remained at the helm of the journal until both retired at the end of 2020. Anthony J. Rothschild, MD became JCP's new Editor-in-Chief in January 2021. The first issue of the journal was published in January 1981. It included articles on several psychopharmacological studies, review articles, a brief report of clinicians' observations, an abstract, a historical perspective article, a book review, a forensic update, and a "Question the Experts" section. According to the first editorial by the Editors-in-Chief, this format was chosen "to create a "one stop" journal in which clinicians and students could find a variety of avenues to learning." The journal has since published bimonthly issues with a wide range of articles reporting on clinical trials and studies, side effects, drug interactions, overdose management, pharmacogenetics, pharmacokinetics, and psychiatric effects of non-psychiatric drugs. Subscriptions to Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology are managed through Lippincott Williams & Wilkins online store.

text:
# Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology

The ***Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology*** is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins covering clinical psychopharmacology. It was founded by Richard I. Shader, MD in 1981 as the first journal of an international scope devoted solely to clinical psychopharmacology. David J. Greenblatt, MD served as Co-Editor-In-Chief. Drs. Shader and Greenblatt remained at the helm of the journal until both retired at the end of 2020. Anthony J. Rothschild, MD became JCP's new Editor-in-Chief in January 2021.

The first issue of the journal was published in January 1981. It included articles on several psychopharmacological studies, review articles, a brief report of clinicians' observations, an abstract, a historical perspective article, a book review, a forensic update, and a "Question the Experts" section. According to the first editorial by the Editors-in-Chief, this format was chosen "to create a "one stop" journal in which clinicians and students could find a variety of avenues to learning."

The journal has since published bimonthly issues with a wide range of articles reporting on clinical trials and studies, side effects, drug interactions, overdose management, pharmacogenetics, pharmacokinetics, and psychiatric effects of non-psychiatric drugs. Subscriptions to Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology are managed through Lippincott Williams & Wilkins online store.

## Abstracting and indexing

According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal's 2020 impact factor was 3.153. In addition, the journal is abstracted and indexed in the Science Citation Index and PubMed/MEDLINE.

## InfoBox

*Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Discipline | Psychopharmacology |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Anthony J. Rothschild, M.D. |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1981–present |
| Publisher | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |
| Frequency | Bimonthly |
| Impact factor | 3.153 (2020) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| CODEN | JCPYD |
| ISSN | 0271-0749 (print)
1533-712X (web)
 |
| OCLC no. | \[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/06541910 Susan L. McElroy, M.D. 06541910
Susan L. McElroy, M.D.\] |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Joshua Cain

abstract: Joshua Allen Cain, is a guitarist and record producer from Saint Paul, Minnesota. He is the co-founder and lead guitarist of American pop punk band Motion City Soundtrack. Cain is also a music producer with multiple past projects; comprising an EP for Epitaph-signed band Sing It Loud and two songs from Metro Station's debut album.

text:
# Joshua Cain

**Joshua Allen Cain**, (born July 31, 1976) is a guitarist and record producer from Saint Paul, Minnesota. He is the co-founder and lead guitarist of American pop punk band Motion City Soundtrack. Cain is also a music producer with multiple past projects; comprising an EP for Epitaph-signed band Sing It Loud and two songs (including the lead single) from Metro Station's debut album.

## History

Joshua Cain played in numerous bands before joining the much more successful Motion City Soundtrack. Prior to Motion City he had roles in bands Superette, Saddest Girl Story, and Boxcar. He then co-founded Motion City Soundtrack with guitarist and lead vocalist Justin Pierre in 1997. Cain took on a lot of managerial responsibilities when the band first began, including booking the band's first shows. He is lead guitar in the band, playing a 1965 Gibson SG Junior through a Vox AC-30 Custom Classic. Cain also sings many of the band's backup vocals, including a notable solo in the song "Capital H" from the band's debut studio album, *I Am the Movie*. Cain and longtime girlfriend Jill Lipski married on September 8, 2007, during a ceremony at the Gale Mansion in his hometown of Minneapolis. In 2010, the couple welcomed their first child, Dot Cain.

### Production

Cain took up his first production job outside of any Motion City Soundtrack project in 2006. Alongside fellow band member Justin Pierre, he produced two tracks for the pop rock band Metro Station. "Kelsey" and "Seventeen Forever" both featured on the band's self-titled debut album, *Metro Station*, after "Seventeen Forever" had gained the band exposure on Myspace. "Kelsey" was the first single to be released from the album, ahead of the chart hit "Shake It", which peaked at #3 on Hot Digital Songs, #9 in the Pop 100 and #10 in the *Billboard* Hot 100. In 2008, the album went on to peak at #43 in the *Billboard* 200, #1 Top Electronic Albums and #2 in the Top Heatseekers.

In 2007, Cain was appointed to produce the second EP for Motion City Soundtrack's fellow hometown band from Minneapolis, Sing it Loud. He produced all five songs for the band's 2008 release, coinciding with their signing to Epitaph Records.

## InfoBox

| Joshua Cain | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Joshua Allen Cain |
| Born | (1976-07-31) July 31, 1976 |
| Origin | St. Paul, Minnesota |
| Genres | Pop punk, indie rock |
| Years active | 1997–present |
| Labels | Columbia Records |


title: 1933 Stanley Cup Finals

abstract: The 1933 Stanley Cup Finals was played between the New York Rangers and the Toronto Maple Leafs, in a rematch of the 1932 Finals. The Rangers won the series 3–1 to win their second Stanley Cup.

text:
# 1933 Stanley Cup Finals

The **1933 Stanley Cup Finals** was played between the New York Rangers and the Toronto Maple Leafs, in a rematch of the 1932 Finals. The Rangers won the series 3–1 to win their second Stanley Cup.

## Paths to the Finals

Toronto defeated the Boston Bruins 3–2 in a best-of-five series to reach the Finals. New York defeated the Montreal Canadiens 8—5 and Detroit Red Wings 6–3 to reach the Finals.

## Game summaries

After game one, the Rangers would vacate Madison Square Garden for the circus. Bill Cook would become the first player to score a Cup-winning goal in overtime.

| April 4 | Toronto Maple Leafs |  | **1–5** |  | **New York Rangers** | Madison Square Garden III | Recap |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *No scoring* | | **First period** | | | 12:18 – Bun Cook (2)
13:11 – Cecil Dillon (6) | | |
| *No scoring* | | **Second period** | | | 08:31 – *pp*Ott Heller (2)
14:25 – *sh* – Cecil Dillon (7) | | |
| Alex Levinsky (1) – 15:53 | | **Third period** | | | 16:55 – Murray Murdoch (2) | | |
| Lorne Chabot | | **Goalie stats** | | | Andy Aitkenhead | | |

| April 8 | **New York Rangers** |  | **3–1** |  | Toronto Maple Leafs | Maple Leaf Gardens | Recap |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ott Heller (3) – 08:18
Bill Cook (2) – *sh* – 11:38 | | **First period** | | | 01:10 – Ken Doraty (3) | | |
| *No scoring* | | **Second period** | | | *No scoring* | | |
| Earl Seibert (1) – 14:39 | | **Third period** | | | *No scoring* | | |
| Andy Aitkenhead | | **Goalie stats** | | | Lorne Chabot | | |

| April 11 | New York Rangers |  | **2–3** |  | **Toronto Maple Leafs** | Maple Leaf Gardens | Recap |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Cecil Dillon (8) – *sh* – 02:21 | | **First period** | | | *No scoring* | | |
| *No scoring* | | **Second period** | | | 07:21 – *pp*Ken Doraty (4) | | |
| Butch Keeling (1) – *sh* – 07:42 | | **Third period** | | | 05:29 – *pp* – Ken Doraty (5)
08:30 – Red Horner (1) | | |
| Andy Aitkenhead | | **Goalie stats** | | | Lorne Chabot | | |

| April 13 | **New York Rangers** |  | **1–0** | **OT** | Toronto Maple Leafs | Maple Leaf Gardens | Recap |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *No scoring* | | **First period** | | | *No scoring* | | |
| *No scoring* | | **Second period** | | | *No scoring* | | |
| *No scoring* | | **Third period** | | | *No scoring* | | |
| Bill Cook (3) – *pp* – 07:33 | | **First overtime period** | | | *No scoring* | | |
| Andy Aitkenhead | | **Goalie stats** | | | Lorne Chabot | | |

| ***New York won series 3–1*** |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |

## Stanley Cup engraving

The 1933 Stanley Cup was presented to Rangers captain Bill Cook by NHL President Frank Calder following the Rangers 1–0 overtime win over the Maple Leafs in game four.

The following Rangers players and staff had their names engraved on the Stanley Cup

**1932–33 New York Rangers**

### Players

Centres     Wingers     Defencemen     Goaltenders

### Coaching and administrative staff

* Lester Patrick (Manager-Coach)
* Harry Westerby (Trainer)
* William Carey (President-Owner)†
* Richard Hoyt (Vice President-Owner)†

† Left off Stanley Cup, but included on the team picture

### Stanley Cup engraving

* New York Rangers included two smaller rings on the Stanley Cup. Due to the size of the first ring, no playoff score was included. On the second ring, they honoured Lester Patrick (See 1934 Chicago Black Hawks for the wording.) Lester Patrick's name was put on the Stanley Cup twice in 1933. Even with adding 2 rings the New York Rangers did not include any playoff scores on the 2nd ring even though there was more than enough room.
* Rangers did not include President William Carey's name on the Stanley Cup. He is the only President of a Stanley Cup-winning team left off the Cup since the engraving of winning members became an annual tradition in 1924. John Hammond returned as President of the New York Rangers in the offseason forcing out Carey and Hoyt; this may be the reason William Carey and Richard Hoyt were left off the Stanley Cup.

## References & notes

* NHL (2000). *Total Stanley Cup*. Dan Diamond & Associates.

* Podnieks, Andrew; Hockey Hall of Fame (2004). *Lord Stanley's Cup*. Bolton, Ont.: Fenn Pub. pp 12, 50. ISBN 978-1-55168-261-7

## InfoBox

| 1933 Stanley Cup Finals | |
| --- | --- |
| 1 2 3 4 Total  Toronto Maple Leafs 1 1 **3** 0\* 1  **New York Rangers** **5** **3** 2 **1*** **3** | |
| * indicates periods of overtime. | |
| Location(s) | New York City: Madison Square Garden (1)
Toronto: Maple Leaf Gardens (2–4) |
| Format | best-of-five |
| Coaches | Toronto: Dick Irvin
New York: Lester Patrick |
| Captains | Toronto: Hap Day
New York: Bill Cook |
| Dates | April 4–13, 1933 |
| Series-winning goal | Bill Cook (7:34, OT, G4) |
| Hall of Famers | **Maple Leafs:**
Ace Bailey (1975)
King Clancy (1958)
Charlie Conacher (1961)
Hap Day (1961)
Red Horner (1965)
Busher Jackson (1971)
Joe Primeau (1963)
**Rangers:**
Frank Boucher (1958)
Bill Cook (1952)
Bun Cook (1995)
Ching Johnson (1958)
Earl Seibert (1963)
Babe Siebert (1964)
**Coaches:**
Dick Irvin (1958, player)
Lester Patrick (1947, player) |
|  | |


title: Joseph Smith (dancer)

abstract: Joseph C. Smith (1875–1932) was an American dancer, musical theatre actor, and choreographer. He introduced tango to the United States in 1911. In a letter to the New York Times he claimed that he introduced it at the Winter Garden Theatre, dancing with Dorothy Jardon, in the show called Review of 1911. He was the son of George Washington Smith (1820-1899), America's first male ballet star.

text:
# Joseph Smith (dancer)

**Joseph C. Smith** (1875–1932) was an American dancer, musical theatre actor, and choreographer. He introduced tango to the United States in 1911. In a letter to the New York Times he claimed that he introduced it at the Winter Garden Theatre, dancing with Dorothy Jardon, in the show called *Review of 1911*. He was the son of George Washington Smith (1820-1899), America's first male ballet star.

## Early life and career

Joseph C. Smith was born in 1875; one of ten children born to the American ballet dancer George Washington Smith. Against the wishes of his mother, Smith was trained by his father as a dancer and actor; learning ballet and skills in stage combat and the art of the harlequin. He also was an accomplished horseman, and became proficient in trick riding. He began his career as a ballet dancer in Europe, ultimately performing in classical ballets at La Scala in Milan and on the London stage.

After returning to America, Smith was a choreographer for Broadway from 1902 through 1914. The first show he choreographed was the musical *The Show Girl, or The Cap of Fortune* which premiered at Wallack's Theatre on May 5, 1902. Some of the other productions he choreographed included the opera *Red Feather* (1903, Lyric Theatre), the operetta *Vera Violetta* (1911, Winter Garden Theatre), and the musicals *The Sultan of Sulu* (1902, Wallack's Theatre), *Coming Thro' The Rye* (1906, Herald Square Theatre), *The Ziegfeld Follies of 1907*, *The-Merry-Go-Round* (1908, Circle Theatre), *A Certain Party* (1911, Wallack's Theatre) and *My Little Friend* (1913, New Amsterdam Theatre). The final Broadway musical he choreographed was Victor Herbert's *The Only Girl* (1914, Lyric Theatre).

Smith was also a musical theatre actor; portraying characters that heavily featured his dancing abilities. He first performed on Broadway as one of the Apache Dancers in the musical *The Queen of the Moulin Rouge* at the Circle Theatre in 1908-1909. His first character role was as Bobby in the musical *Madame Sherry* at the New Amsterdam Theatre in 1910-1911. His other Broadway roles included Charles Bigroll in *Over the River* (1912), I. Ketchum in *The Whirl of New York* (1921), and Moe Zimmermann in *Sidewalks of New York* (1927-1928). He was also a featured dancer in the ensemble of several other musicals in the 1910s and 1920s.

## Personal life and death

Smith was married to the dancer Frances Demarest. He died in December 1932 in New York City when he was hit by a truck while crossing the street.

## Notes and references

## Bibliography

## See also

* Carlos G. Groppa, *The Tango in the United States, a History*, McFarland & Company, Jefferson, North Carolina, 2004, ISBN 0-7864-1406-5


title: Vernessa Mitchell

abstract: Vernessa Ann Mitchell is an American contemporary Christian and gospel recording artist whose vocal versatility has been heralded by R&B and House audiences.

text:
# Vernessa Mitchell

**Vernessa Ann Mitchell** (born January 1, 1959) is an American contemporary Christian and gospel recording artist whose vocal versatility has been heralded by R&B and House audiences.

## Early life

Mitchell was born on January 1, 1959, in Columbus, Georgia, as one of Ten siblings, whose father was a preacher. Mitchell was raised in Pasadena, California. Vernessa Ann Mitchell is a contemporary Christian and Gospel recording artist whose vocal versatility has been heralded by R&B and House audiences. She began her career at the young age of 16, after being discovered by Berry Gordy of Motown Records. She and three other young ladies became a teen girl group called High Inergy and were signed by the label during the late ‘70s. Their first album went gold and produced the hit single “You Can’t Turn Me Off (In The Middle of Turning Me On).” The group was featured on American Bandstand, Soul Train and television shows hosted by Merv Griffin, Dina Shore, and Mike Douglas. Billed as the next-generation Supremes, they worked with noted artists, such as Stevie Wonder, Smokey Robinson, Michael Jackson. Vernessa's solo debut album, “This Is My Story”, was released in 1985 and quickly established her as a singer's singer. The title cut on the project garnered Grammy and Dove Award nominations. The 1987 follow-up album, "Higher Ground" became the impetus for nonprofit ministry, Higher Ground Ministries. That title single became her signature song as it gained nationwide airplay by Gospel disc jockeys. The project also featured hits such as "Rise and Shine" and "Trust in the Lord". Her sophomore music project, “On A Mission”, which included the hits “Stand Up and Be Counted” and “Someone Loves You”, was much anticipated and built upon the success of “Higher Ground” and her critically acclaimed live performances that included presidential inaugurations and Salvation Army youth crusades. However, it was her 1992 release, “Destiny”, which won the hearts of urban audiences throughout America and gained the attention of Dick Clark Productions and The Christian Athletic Association. “Destiny” acquired crossover success as its driving urban tone aggressively crossed religious barriers. Hits such as “Reap” and “You Took My Life” caught the ear of renowned DJ, Junior Vasquez; and were remixed –becoming anthems within major urban clubs throughout the United States, Europe and South America. Vernessa's voice became a soaring instrument of hope and joy as her music climbed the Billboard charts. Singles such as “Took My Life” which peaked at number one on the Dance Music/Club Play charts and “Love Will Find A Way” peaking at number five, were followed by more than a dozen singles that dominated the dance charts from 1999 to 2010. Her single, “This Joy,” went triple platinum and was declared to be the most influential dance song of 1999. An ordained evangelist, Vernessa established Higher Ground Ministries in 1985, and traveled both nationally and internationally sharing the good news with thousands of pastors and congregations through word and song. She has had opportunity to minister on national platforms with renowned leaders in the clergy world.

## Career

Mitchell began her career at the young age of 15, after being discovered by Berry Gordy of Motown Records. She and three other young ladies became a teen girl group called High Inergy and were signed by the label during the late 1970s. Their first album went gold and produced the hit single "You Can’t Turn Me Off (In The Middle of Turning Me On)".

The group was featured on *American Bandstand*, *Soul Train* and television shows hosted by Merv Griffin, Dinah Shore, and Mike Douglas. Billed as the next-generation Supremes, they worked with noted artists, such as Stevie Wonder, Smokey Robinson, and Michael Jackson.

Mitchell's solo debut album, *Higher Ground*, was released in 1985 and quickly established her as a singer's singer. The title cut on the project garnered Grammy and Dove Award nominations.

The 1987 follow-up album, *On A Mission*, which included the hits "Stand Up and Be Counted" and "Someone Loves You" was much anticipated and built upon the success of *Higher Ground* and her critically acclaimed live performances that included presidential inaugurations and Salvation Army youth crusades. However, it was her 1992 release, *Destiny*, which won the hearts of urban audiences throughout America and gained the attention of Dick Clark Productions and The Christian Athletic Association.

*Destiny* acquired crossover success as its driving urban tone aggressively crossed religious barriers. Hits such as "Reap" and "You Took My Life" caught the ear of DJ Junior Vasquez; and were remixed – becoming anthems within major urban clubs throughout the United States, Europe and South America.

Singles such as "Took My Life", which peaked at number one on the Dance Music/Club Play charts, and "Love Will Find A Way", peaking at number five, were followed by nearly a dozen singles that dominated the dance charts from 1999 to 2010. Her single, "This Joy", went triple platinum and was declared to be the most influential dance song of 1999.

## Billboard charts

Although she had success as a gospel/CCM artist, Mitchell has also done well as a gospel dance diva. Her uplifting house songs have charted seven times on *Billboard's* Hot Dance Music/Club Play with gospel/inspirational themed dance songs "Reap (What You Sow)" (#19/1996), "This Joy" (#5/1998), "Issues" (#12/2000), "Serious" (#37/2003), "Took My Life" (#2/2004; #1 Club Play track in 2004 year-end chart) and "Accept Me"(#1/2005). Mitchell's 2006 single, "Love Will Find A Way" peaked at #5 on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart.

## Discography

### Albums

* *This Is My Story* (1985) Top Gospel Albums #19
* *Higher Ground* (1988) Top Gospel Albums #32
* *On a Mission* (1990) Benson
* *Destiny* (1992) A&M
* *Let Your Presence Fall* (1998) Priority Sound
* *Love Is The Message* (2010) Continuous Cool

### Singles

* "Reap (What You Sow)"
* "This Joy"
* "Higher"
* "Serious"
* "Took My Life"
* "Accept Me"
* "Trouble don't last always"
* "Love Will Find A Way"
* "Rise!"


title: Verners Kohs

abstract: Verners Edgards Kohs is a Latvian professional basketball player for Valmiera Glass VIA of the Latvian-Estonian Basketball League. Standing at 2.06 m, he plays as power forward. He is a three-time Latvian League champion with VEF Riga.

text:
# Verners Kohs

**Verners Edgards Kohs** (born 21 May 1997) is a Latvian professional basketball player for Valmiera Glass VIA of the Latvian-Estonian Basketball League. Standing at 2.06 m (6 ft 9 in), he plays as power forward. He is a three-time Latvian League champion with VEF Riga.

## Professional career

Kohs came through the youth ranks of BK Ventspils, before joining VEF Rīga in 2013. He made his debut for VEF's senior team during the 2014–15 season.

In January 2015, Kohs moved to Belgium, joining BC Oostende for a try-out, followed by a year in Spain, in which he mostly saw action for El Olivar Zaragoza in the LEB Silver, while appearing in one game for Liga ACB outfit CAI Zaragoza.

He moved to Prague in 2016, joining the Get Better Academy which competes in the country's second tier. In July 2017, he was signed by Obradoiro CAB of the Spanish Liga ACB and was then sent to LEB Oro side Club Ourense Baloncesto on loan.

On 25 January 2022 he signed with Vanoli Cremona of the Italian Lega Basket Serie A (LBA).

On 8 September 2022 Kohs signed a one-year contract for Heroes Den Bosch of the BNXT League.

On September 20, 2023, he signed with Czarni Słupsk of the Polish Basketball League.

## International career

Representing Latvia, Kohs played at the 2013 under-16-, the 2015 under-18- and the 2016 under-20-European Championships.

## InfoBox

Verners Kohs
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| No. 30  Valmiera Glass VIA | |
| Position | Power forward |
| League | Latvian-Estonian Basketball League |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1997-05-21) 21 May 1997<br>Ventspils, Latvia |
| Nationality | Latvian |
| Listed height | 2.06 m (6 ft 9 in) |
| Listed weight | 94 kg (207 lb) |
| Career information | |
| Playing career | 2012–present |
| Career history | |
| 2014–2015 | VEF Rīga |
| 2015–2016 | CAI Zaragoza |
| 2016–2017 | GBA Prague |
| 2017–2019 | Obradoiro CAB |
| 2017–2018 | Ourense |
| 2019–2021 | VEF Rīga |
| 2021–2022 | BK Liepāja |
| 2022–2023 | Vanoli Cremona |
| 2023 | Heroes Den Bosch |
| 2023–2024 | Czarni Słupsk |
| 2024–present | Valmiera Glass VIA |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: José Antonio Pujante

abstract: José Antonio Pujante Diekmann was a Spanish politician and philosophy professor. Pujante, a regional coordinator for the United Left–Greens of the Region of Murcia, served as a deputy of the Regional Assembly of Murcia from 2007 until his death in office in 2019. Pujante died of a heart attack on the morning of 1 January 2019 in Murcia, at the age of 54.

text:
# José Antonio Pujante

**José Antonio Pujante Diekmann** (10 December 1964 – 1 January 2019) was a Spanish politician and philosophy professor. Pujante, a regional coordinator for the United Left–Greens of the Region of Murcia, served as a deputy of the Regional Assembly of Murcia from 2007 until his death in office in 2019.

Pujante died of a heart attack on the morning of 1 January 2019 in Murcia, at the age of 54.

## InfoBox

| José Antonio Pujante | |
| --- | --- |
| Pujante in 2014 | |
|  | |
| Member of the Regional Assembly of Murcia | |
| **In office**
27 May 2007  1 January 2019 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | José Antonio Pujante Diekmann
(1964-12-10)10 December 1964
Villefranche-de-Rouergue, France |
| Died | 1 January 2019(2019-01-01) (aged 54)
Murcia, Spain |
| Political party | United Left–Greens of the Region of Murcia
United Left |
| Education | University of Murcia |
| Occupation | Politician
Philosophy professor |
|  | |


title: Rhiwbach Tramway

abstract: The Rhiwbach Tramway was a Welsh industrial, 1 ft 11+1⁄2 in (597 mm) narrow gauge railway connecting the remote slate quarries east of Blaenau Ffestiniog with the Ffestiniog Railway. It was in use by 1862, and remained so until progressively closed between 1956 and 1976. The route included three inclines, one of which became the last operational gravity incline in the North Wales slate industry. The tramway was worked by horses and gravity for much of its existence, but a diesel locomotive was used to haul wagons on the top section between 1953 and its closure in 1961.

text:
# Rhiwbach Tramway

The **Rhiwbach Tramway** was a Welsh industrial, 1 ft 11+12 in (597 mm) narrow gauge railway connecting the remote slate quarries east of Blaenau Ffestiniog with the Ffestiniog Railway. It was in use by 1862, and remained so until progressively closed between 1956 and 1976. The route included three inclines, one of which became the last operational gravity incline in the North Wales slate industry. The tramway was worked by horses and gravity for much of its existence, but a diesel locomotive was used to haul wagons on the top section between 1953 and its closure in 1961.

## History

The first attempts to build a tramway to connect to quarries east of Blaenau Ffestiniog were made in 1854, when a petition to build the Ffestiniog and Machno Railway was presented to Parliament. This would 'authorise the construction of a new line of railway from Duffws to the Machno Slate Quarries and other purposes'. The intent was that this would be quite separate from the Ffestiniog Railway. The bill was promoted by Thomas Spooner, but was abandoned at the committee stage. One factor may have been the Ffestiniog Railway's insistence that all products produced by the quarries served should be exported via the railway, and this caused disagreement among the quarry owners. A second scheme was promoted in the late 1850s, to connect to the Rhiwbach Quarry, missing out the Penmachno Quarry. It was this scheme that was subsequently built.

The Ffestiniog Railway built an extension beyond Duffws in 1860, to connect to the end of the tramway. Between 1861 and 1863, they contracted the construction of the Rhiwbach Tramway to Owen Gethin Jones of Penmachno, although it was financed by the Festiniog Slate Company Ltd, owners of the Rhiwbach Quarry. It was in use by two quarries in early 1862, but was not finally finished until early 1863. Quarries which used the tramway paid tolls to the Festiniog Slate Company.

The tramway remained in operation over its full length for close to a century. The section between Cwt y Bugail and Rhiwbach was lifted in 1956 and the section from Cwt y Bugail to Maenofferen was closed in 1961 and lifted in 1964. The first incline was replaced by a road, but a short section remained in use between the mills at Maenofferen and the foot of No 2 Incline, which became the last remaining gravity incline in the North Wales slate industry. This section was finally closed in 1976 after a new quarry road was built connecting the upper levels of Llechwedd with the mills at Maenofferen. Most of the track was lifted, although short sections of track remained intact as late as 2013.

## Route

The quarries connected to the tramway had no practical road access as they lay at a high altitude in a remote moorland. Rhiwbach Quarry was about 1,560 ft (475 m) above sea level, while the main tramway was higher still, at around 1,625 ft (495 m). The tramway rose by three inclines through Maen Offeren quarry to reach the plateau. The first incline, *Rhiwbach No. 1*, which was sometimes known as *Bowydd incline* or *Dolgarregddu incline*, climbed from a junction at the east end of the Ffestiniog Railway's Duffws station approximately 300 feet (91 m) along the base of Garreg Ddu mountain. The line then skirted the western edge of Votty & Bowydd Quarry. *Rhiwbach No. 2* incline then rose a further 350 feet (110 m) to reach the level of the Maenofferen quarry mills. The tramway ran a quarter of a mile south to pass the Maenofferen mills and the foot of the last incline. *Rhiwbach No. 3* incline climbed a further 300 feet (91 m) to reach the plateau above Blaenau Ffestiniog, passing the main pit of the David and Jones Quarry.

From the head of No. 3 incline, the tramway ran on an approximately level course east towards Cwt y Bugail Quarry. It skirted the edge of Llyn Bowydd, a reservoir constructed to supply water to power the equipment in the quarries below. From Cwt y Bugail, the line turned south, passing Blaen y Cwm Quarry to the head of the incline down to the Rhiwbach quarry which lay below the plateau in the Machno valley. A further branch ran south from Blaen y Cwm, via a switchback, to Manod and Bwlch y Slaters quarries.

## Operations

The tramway was originally designed to be worked by horses and gravity. During busy periods, two or three horses were required to work the summit section between the top of No. 3 incline and the Rhiwbach incline. Sometime in the 1920s petrol locomotives were introduced to work this section and a small shed was built in which the locomotive was kept. The practice was not entirely successful, as the locomotive was too heavy for the track materials used, and parts of the tramway were relaid in light section flat-bottomed rail or heavier section bridge rail. In 1953 the Rhiwbach Quarry closed, leaving the Cwt y Bugail Quarry as the only user of the main section of the tramway.

## Locomotives

This table shows locomotives known to have worked the Rhiwbach Tramway.

| Builder | Type | Works Number | Built | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ruston and Hornsby | 4wDM | 223687 | 1944 | Purchased before 1949 by the Cwt y Bugail Quarry, used on the Rhiwbach Tramway from 1953 to 1961, scrapped at Cwt y Bugail 1974-1977 |
| Motor Rail | 4wPM | 1904 |  | Operating on the tramway in 1951. |

### References

### Bibliography

* Boyd, James I.C. (1975a). *The Festiniog Railway*. Vol. 1. Oakwood Press.
* Boyd, James I.C. (1975b). *The Festiniog Railway*. Vol. 2. Oakwood Press. ISBN 085361-168-8.
* Lewis, M.J.T. (2003). *Blaen y Cwm and Cwt y Bugail Slate Quarries*. Adit Publications. ISBN 978-0-9522979-3-2.
* Richards, Alun John (2006). *Slate Quarrying in Wales*. Gwasg Carreg Gwalch. ISBN 978-1-84527-026-1.

53°00′08″N 3°54′13″W / 53.0022°N 3.9035°W / 53.0022; -3.9035

## InfoBox

Rhiwbach Tramway
| The route of the Rhiwbach Tramway | |
| --- | --- |
| The Rhiwbach Tramway passing to the left and below the main Maen Offeren mill level | |
| Overview | |
| Headquarters | Blaenau Ffestiniog |
| Locale | Wales |
| Dates of operation | 18611961 |
| Successor | Abandoned |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 1 ft 11+12 in (597 mm) |
| Length | 3 miles (4.8 km) |


title: Criminal Investigation Branch

abstract: The Criminal Investigation Branch (CIB) is one of the main branches of the New Zealand Police and it is dedicated to investigating and solving serious crime, and targeting organized crime and recidivist criminals. The CIB has existed since the civil Police Force was formed in 1886 by the Police Force Act 1886.

text:
# Criminal Investigation Branch

The **Criminal Investigation Branch (CIB)** is one of the main branches of the New Zealand Police and it is dedicated to investigating and solving serious crime, and targeting organized crime and recidivist criminals. The CIB has existed since the civil Police Force was formed in 1886 by the Police Force Act 1886.

## Frontline CIB

The CIB has detectives stationed around the country. Their job is to investigate serious crimes such as homicides, aggravated violence, sexual offending, drug offences, crimes against society, and fraud.

Staff who work in the CIB are drawn from the Uniform Branch who have completed five CIB training modules. They then undergo an intensive period of training in law and the latest techniques in investigation. The training consists of a live-in three-and-a-half-week CIB Selection and Induction Course at the Royal New Zealand Police College. Upon the completion of this course the police officer gains the designation of Constable on Trial. The minimum period of this designation is six months and during this period the Constable on Trial is expected to complete four CIB modules. They are then eligible to apply for the designation of Detective Constable, which the minimum period for this designation is 24 months. During this time the Detective Constable completes six further CIB modules, a Workplace Assessment Book, a three-hour Pre-Requisite exam based upon the content of the 15 CIB modules and then a three-week CIB Detective Qualifying Course. They are then eligible to apply for the designation of Detective.

As well as the frontline CIB squads there are a number of proactive Organized Crime Squads that use covert methods to principally target high level drug offending. Detectives who work on these squads routinely carry out protracted investigations into organized groups or individuals who habitually commit crimes.

## High Profile Investigations

High profile crimes like homicide require detectives to carry out lengthy and thorough inquiries. They interview witnesses and gather physical evidence to piece together a case that leads to the offender being identified. Once the investigation is complete, a Crown Solicitor will begin a prosecution against the accused in the High Court.

The detective will then deal with witnesses and expert forensic specialists in preparation for a depositions hearing. This is where a High Court Judge assesses the case against the accused to see if it is strong enough to proceed to trial. If a trial is held, detectives arrange for witnesses to give evidence along with their own testimony.

## Policing Tools

Today, most complex crime inquiries are carried out with the help of modern policing tools. A Criminal Investigation Database is used to record and organize information gathered during many serious crime investigations.

Intelligence-lead policing and analytical computer tools are increasingly used to help police detect and suppress crime. Crime mapping is a computer tool that presents police with information on where certain crimes are being committed. Link charting enables detectives to plot the relationships between criminals and their activities.

## Special methods to Investigate Organized Crime

Undercover Programme - Undercover police officers are sometimes deployed to detect serious criminal offending, which is often gang-related. They assume another identity and go into the field for weeks or months. When they have gathered enough information to make arrests, the undercover operation is terminated.

Witness Protection - Witnesses who give evidence against gang members and other serious criminals can sometimes feel threatened or intimidated. The Witness Protection Programme monitors these people's welfare and if need be, helps them create new identities.

Threats - The Threat Assessment Unit investigates threats against police staff, judges and court staff and other investigative agency staff. They respond to counter-terrorist threats or situations. The unit also collects and analyses potential threats to New Zealand and visiting government politicians and officials.

**Police Negotiation Team (PNT)** is a specialist unit of the New Zealand Police dedicated to crisis negotiation. Nationwide, there are 17 Police Negotiation teams, with each Armed Offender Squad (AOS) having a dedicated PNT attached to it. Similar to the AOS units themselves, the negotiators are all part-time volunteers drawn from the ranks of the front line police.

As well as deploying to armed incidents with the AOS, they will also act as an independent unit and speak with suicidal people, offenders who have barricaded themselves in buildings, prison rioters, and kidnappers. They will also deploy overseas to provide support and advice to the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade when a New Zealand national has been kidnapped.

## InfoBox

| Criminal Investigation Branch | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 1886 - present |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Branch | New Zealand Police |
| Type | Law Enforcement |
| Role | Serious Crime Investigation |
| Garrison/HQ | Wellington |
| Nickname(s) | CIB |
| Colors | Blue and White |


title: Canal Tunnels

abstract: The Canal Tunnels are a pair of single track railway tunnels in north London which connect the East Coast Main Line to the Thameslink route at London St Pancras International. Their name comes from the Regent's Canal, which they pass closely beneath. Constructed as one element of the overarching Thameslink Programme, the Canal Tunnels enabled trains to travel directly from Peterborough and Cambridge to St Pancras, along with numerous other stations in London, Gatwick Airport and down to Brighton and Horsham. They were constructed between 2004 and 2006, while fitting-out was performed between 2013 and 2014. The first services were run through the Canal Tunnels during February 2018, while its official opening occurred three months later. The Canal Tunnels run from Belle Isle Junction, north of London King's Cross, to Canal Junction.

text:
# Canal Tunnels

The **Canal Tunnels** are a pair of single track railway tunnels in north London which connect the East Coast Main Line to the Thameslink route at London St Pancras International. Their name comes from the Regent's Canal, which they pass closely beneath.

Constructed as one element of the overarching Thameslink Programme, the Canal Tunnels enabled trains to travel directly from Peterborough and Cambridge to St Pancras, along with numerous other stations in London, Gatwick Airport and down to Brighton and Horsham. They were constructed between 2004 and 2006, while fitting-out was performed between 2013 and 2014. The first services were run through the Canal Tunnels during February 2018, while its official opening occurred three months later. The Canal Tunnels run from Belle Isle Junction, north of London King's Cross, to Canal Junction.

## Construction

The Canal Tunnels were constructed as part of the wider Thameslink Programme; a £6 billion project to upgrade and expand the north-south railway crossing the capital. They were the first main limb of Thameslink to commence construction. Their main purpose is to link the East Coast Main Line (ECML) with the Thameslink network; a junction connecting the tunnels northern approach to the ECML is 100 metres from the northern portals.

The tunnels were designed by Halcrow Group, part of the Rail Link Engineering consortium, with safety and resilience in mind. The construction process itself took roughly two years, with civil works commencing in 2004 and completed in 2006. Design and construction of the tunnels were planned to integrate with the adjacent railway engineering works for the Channel Tunnel Rail Link High Speed 1 and redevelopment of the Railway Lands and St Pancras railway station. The tunnels were driven using tunnel boring machines (TBMs). Each bore is 6 metres (20 ft) in diameter and lined with pre-cast concrete segmental rings. The northbound tunnel is 860 m (2,820 ft) in length, while the southbound tunnel is 820 m (2,690 ft) long; this disparity is due to curvature. The tunnels have a maximal incline of 1 in 34; the nadir is next to the main sump system.

Power is normally from supplies for the nearby Midland Main Line however provisions to use those of the ECML were made. For safety reasons, emergency service radio systems have been installed, along with a walkway and automated LED lighting at four-metre intervals for an escape route for any passenger evacuation of the tunnel. On account of the Regent Canal being above, flood management measures were built, including a drainage system with a large sump beneath the tunnel, which is pumped into the ECML's drainage system. The infrastructure has been designed to facilitate bi-directional working for greater operational flexibility.

Despite their problem-free completion, the Canal Tunnels remained unused for several years. This was largely due to their having been completed well in advance of numerous other Thameslink elements, such as delivery of the new British Rail Class 700 multiple units ordered for the service and other infrastructure works. During this interval, the installation of track, power supply, and signalling systems were performed ahead of the commencement of passenger services. In August 2012, railway infrastructure owner Network Rail announced that the construction company Carillion had been appointed as the principal contractor for the fitting-out of the Canal Tunnels.

The fitting-out process commenced during 2013 and was completed during the following year, despite this milestone occurring several years ahead of services running; this was reportedly to facilitate stock movements and to take advantage of available land to facilitate such work. The signalling systems installed were integrated with Thameslink's High Capacity Infrastructure; in addition to conventional colour light signalling, the European Train Control System is present; Thameslink officials claimed that this arrangement was the world's first implementation of such technology on a mainline 'heavy' railway. Wherever possible all wiring, mechanical, and electrical equipment was cleanly run in a pair of interior troughs. Amongst the last elements of the work was the connection of the new track to the existing lines via the insertion of new junctions.

## Services

| King's Cross & St Pancras approaches |
| --- |
|  |
|  |

On 26 February 2018, the first passenger service traversed the Canal Tunnels after many out-of-service trains had done so for testing. The tunnels were officially opened to traffic during May 2018, forming a part of the Thameslink core route from that month onwards. Until then, capacity had been limited to 16 trains per hour from Bedford, Luton/Luton Airport Parkway and St Albans City southbound via the Midland Main Line; the presence of the Canal Tunnels added another 8 per hour from Cambridge and Peterborough, achieving the objective of a hypothetically possible peak service of 24 trains per hour between St Pancras and Blackfriars, though as of 2024, this frequency has never been reached. Many of these movements are automated, making use of the route's advanced digital signalling.

## InfoBox

Canal Tunnels
| Canal Tunnels northern entrance at Belle Isle Junction prior to opening | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Line | East Coast Main Line |
| Location | Belle Island junction–Canal junction |
| Coordinates | 51°32′22″N 0°07′36″W / 51.5395°N 0.1266°W / 51.5395; -0.1266 |
| OS grid reference |
| Status | * Original bore: operational * Second bore: operational |
| System | National Rail |
| Start | * Original bore: 2004 (2004) * Second bore: 2004 |
| No. of stations | None |
| Operation | |
| Constructed | TBM |
| Owner | Network Rail |
| Operator |  |
| Technical | |
| Design engineer | Tunnels: Halcrow Group for Rail Link Engineering; Fit-Out: Arup |
| Length | 820 m (2,690 ft) |
| No. of tracks | 2 |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) |
| Electrified | 25 kV 50 Hz AC |
| Width | 6 m (20 ft) |
| Route map | |
|  | |


title: Darren Duncan

abstract: Darren Duncan is an American professional basketball player who last played for the KW Titans of the National Basketball League of Canada (NBL).

text:
# Darren Duncan

**Darren Duncan** (born November 11, 1988) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the KW Titans of the National Basketball League of Canada (NBL).

## Collegiate career

Duncan attended Merrimack College in North Andover, Massachusetts and graduated in 2010. He was a finalist for the Bob Cousy Award as a junior. Other finalists included Stephen Curry, Jeff Teague, and Ty Lawson.

## Professional career

In his rookie season, Duncan led Raiffesen Dornbirn Lions to the Austrian Division II Basketball League championship. Averaging 25.5 points in the semifinals, he was named Finals Most Valuable Player and most notably recorded a game-winning shot in the Final Four round.

Duncan was named a National Basketball League of Canada (NBL) All-Star in 2012 and 2013 while he was with the Halifax Rainmen and Windsor Express. He also earned All-NBL Canada honors and won the 2014 NBL Canada Finals in the latter season.

On August 7, 2015, Duncan signed a one-year deal with Apollon Patras of the Greek Basket League. He left Apollon after appearing in seven games. On December 2, 2015, he signed with KTP Basket Kotka for the rest of the season.

On November 21, 2016, Duncan re-signed with Windsor Express.

## InfoBox

Darren Duncan
| Free agent | |
| --- | --- |
| Position | Point guard |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1988-11-11) November 11, 1988 |
| Nationality | American |
| Listed height | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) |
| Listed weight | 170 lb (77 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school | Christ the King<br>(Queens, New York) |
| College | Merrimack (2006–2010) |
| NBA draft | 2010: undrafted |
| Playing career | 2010–present |
| Career history | |
| 2010–2011 | Raiffeisen Dornbirn Lions |
| 2011 | NH Ostrava |
| 2011 | Levharti Chomutov |
| 2011 | BK 04 AC LB SNV |
| 2012 | Saint John Mill Rats |
| 2012 | Halifax Rainmen |
| 20122014 | Windsor Express |
| 2014–2015 | Salon Vilpas |
| 2015 | Apollon Patras |
| 2015–2016 | KTP Basket Kotka |
| 2016–2017 | Windsor Express |
| 20172018 | KW Titans |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: The Manfreds

abstract: The Manfreds is a British pop group, formed in 1991 as a reunion of former members of the 1960s pop group Manfred Mann, though without their eponymous founder Manfred Mann.

text:
# The Manfreds

**The Manfreds** is a British pop group, formed in 1991 as a reunion of former members of the 1960s pop group Manfred Mann, though without their eponymous founder Manfred Mann.

## History

The original members of Manfred Mann, minus keyboard player Mann, reformed in 1991 to celebrate guitarist Tom McGuinness's 50th birthday, and to promote a Manfred Mann compilation released around the same time. The absence of Mann forced them to adopt a different name. Original singer Paul Jones, and his late-1960s replacement Mike d'Abo were involved, along with other members of Manfred Mann from their 1960s heyday including keyboard player Mike Hugg, Tom McGuinness and Mike Vickers with drummer Rob Townsend and originally Benny Gallagher on bass guitar. They decided to continue the reunion, and in 1999 released the album *5-4-3-2-1* on the BMG sublabel Camden, described by Allmusic as "very close to their original sound, only a bit slicker". Live album *L.I.V.E.* followed in 2000. They went on to release further albums in 2000 and 2003. The group later included Marcus Cliffe (bass) and Simon Currie (flute and sax).

They continued to perform live, fitting it in between their other individual commitments, with Jones, McGuinness, and Townsend also members of The Blues Band, Jones also continuing his solo career and acting, radio and television work, Hugg and Cliffe performing as part of a jazz trio, and D'Abo presenting radio shows and performing with The New Amen Corner.

In 2013 they toured nationally to support a new Manfred Mann compilation, and did so again in 2014 and 2016, and in 2017 to promote their new album, *Makin' Tracks*, featuring both Jones and D'Abo on vocals, as well as performances in Ireland.

Mike Hugg retired from touring in 2022 and was replaced by Mike Gorman on keyboards.

Rob Townsend was advised not to undertake the 2023 Autumn 60th Anniversary tour on medical grounds and was replaced by Pete Riley on drums.

## Personnel

**Current members**

Dates related to pre-2020 are taken from gig references on the British Newspaper Archive.

* **Paul Jones** – vocals, harmonica (Nov 1992–present)
* **Tom McGuinness** – guitar, backing vocals (Nov 1992–present)
* **Mike d'Abo** – vocals, keyboards (Nov 1992–present)
* Marcus Cliffe – bass guitar (Oct 2000–present)
* Simon Currie – saxophone, flute (May 2002–present)
* Mike Gorman - keyboards, vocals (Mar 2022–present)
* Pete Riley - drums (Sep 2023–present)

**Former members**

## Discography

| Year | Album | UK albums | US albums | Additional information |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1998 | *5-4-3-2-1* | - | - | Catalogue No. BMG CD 74321 566632. |
| 1999 | *Live* | - | - | Catalogue No. MANFREDS CD001. |
| 2000 | *Maximum Manfreds* | - | - | Catalogue No. MANFREDS CD002. |
| 2003 | *Uncovered* | - | - | Catalogue No. MANFREDS CD003. |
| 2014 | *Let ‘em Roll* | - | - | Catalogue No. MANFREDs CD004. |
| 2016 | *Makin' Tracks* | - | - |  |

## InfoBox

| The Manfreds | |
| --- | --- |
| The Manfreds in 2021 | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | London, England |
| Genres | Beat, R&B |
| Years active | 1991–present |
| Labels | BMG/Camden |
|  | |
| Members |  |
|  | |
| Past members |  |
|  | |
| Website | http://www.themanfreds.com |


title: Ficus triradiata

abstract: Ficus triradiata, commonly known as the red stipule fig, is a hemiepiphytic fig that is endemic to the wet tropical rainforests of northeastern Queensland, Australia.

text:
# Ficus triradiata

***Ficus triradiata***, commonly known as the **red stipule fig**, is a hemiepiphytic fig that is endemic to the wet tropical rainforests of northeastern Queensland, Australia.

## Description

*Ficus triradiata* is a monoecious tree which grows up to 25 m (82 ft) tall. Its leaves are 33–163 mm (1.3–6.4 in) long and 10–66 mm (0.39–2.60 in) wide. Its syconia are cream, yellow, orange or pink in colour, 21–26 mm (0.83–1.02 in) long and 15–26 mm (0.59–1.02 in) in diameter. It begins life as a hemiepiphyte.

## InfoBox

| *Ficus triradiata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shown with fruit | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Moraceae |
| Genus: | *Ficus* |
| Species: | ***F. triradiata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ficus triradiata***<br>Corner | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Ficus triradiata* var. *sessilicarpa* Corner | |


title: Finnish League Cup

abstract: The Finnish League Cup, is a knock-out football competition contested annually during the pre-season in winter by teams from Veikkausliiga. The competition is notably the only football competition in Europe which is mostly played indoors. It is also administrated by Veikkausliiga

text:
# Finnish League Cup

The **Finnish League Cup** (in Finnish: *Liigacup*), is a knock-out football competition contested annually during the pre-season in winter by teams from Veikkausliiga. The competition is notably the only football competition in Europe which is mostly played indoors. It is also administrated by Veikkausliiga

## History

The competition was founded in 1994. After 18 editions it was abolished in 2016. It was replaced with the Finnish Cup group stage starting from the 2017 season

League cup will be played again starting in the spring of 2022, as it returned in its original format. The competing teams are allowed to have up to three non-contract test players in their roster, with seven possible substitutions. The most successful club is Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi (HJK) with 6 wins.

## Finnish League Cup Finals

| Year | Winner | Score | Runner-up | Venue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1994 | HJK | 2–0 | FC Jazz | Helsinki |
| 1995 | FC Haka | 4–2 | HJK | Helsinki |
| 1996 | HJK | 3–2 | RoPS | Helsinki Olympic Stadium, Helsinki |
| 1997 | HJK | 2–0 | VPS | Helsinki |
| 1998 | HJK | 1–1 (aet) (8–7 ) | FF Jaro | Helsinki |
| 1999 | VPS | 3–0 | Kotkan TP | Lahti |
| 2000 | VPS | 2–1 | FC Jokerit | Hanko |
| 2001–03 | *Not Played* | | | |
| 2004 | AC Allianssi | 2–2 (aet) (5–3 ) | FC Lahti | Pohjola Stadion, Vantaa |
| 2005 | AC Allianssi | 3–1 | FC Lahti | Finnair Stadium, Helsinki |
| 2006 | KuPS | 2–1 | FC KooTeePee | Finnair Stadium, Helsinki |
| 2007 | FC Lahti | 0–0 (4–3 ) | FC Inter Turku | Finnair Stadium, Helsinki |
| 2008 | FC Inter Turku | 1–0 | TPS | Finnair Stadium, Helsinki |
| 2009 | Tampere United | 2–0 | HJK | ISS Stadion, Vantaa |
| 2010 | FC Honka | 0–0 (4–3 ) | JJK | Finnair Stadium, Helsinki |
| 2011 | FC Honka | 3–0 | Tampere United | Tapiolan urheilupuisto, Espoo |
| 2012 | TPS | 1–1 (4–2 ) | HJK | Sonera Stadium, Helsinki |
| 2013 | FC Lahti | 2–1 | JJK | Lahden kisapuisto, Lahti |
| 2014 | SJK | 1–0 | VPS | Jouppilanvuoren tekonurmi, Seinäjoki |
| 2015 | HJK | 2–0 | RoPS | Rovaniemen keskuskenttä, Rovaniemi |
| 2016 | FC Lahti | 0–0 (aet) (4–3 ) | SJK | Wallsport Arena, Seinäjoki |
| 2017–21 | *Not Played* | | | |
| 2022 | FC Honka | 3–1 | FC Inter Turku | Espoonlahti, Espoo |
| 2023 | HJK | 2–1 | AC Oulu | Bolt Arena, Helsinki |
| 2024 | Inter Turku | 2–2 (4–2 ) | KuPS | Veritas Stadion, Turku |

## Performance by club

| Club | Winners | Runners-up | Winning Years |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| HJK | 6 | 3 | 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2015, 2023 |
| FC Lahti | 3 | 2 | 2007, 2013, 2016 |
| FC Honka | 3 |  | 2010, 2011, 2022 |
| VPS | 2 | 2 | 1999, 2000 |
| *AC Allianssi* | 2 |  | 2004, 2005 |
| FC Inter Turku | 2 | 2 | 2008, 2024 |
| Tampere United | 1 | 1 | 2009 |
| TPS | 1 | 1 | 2012 |
| SJK | 1 | 1 | 2014 |
| KuPS | 1 | 1 | 2006 |
| FC Haka | 1 |  | 1995 |
| JJK |  | 2 |  |
| RoPS |  | 2 |  |
| FC Jazz |  | 1 |  |
| FF Jaro |  | 1 |  |
| Kotkan TP |  | 1 |
| AC Oulu |  | 1 |  |
| *FC Jokerit* |  | 1 |  |
| *FC KooTeePee* |  | 1 |  |

Notes:

* Teams in *Italic* no longer exist.

## InfoBox

Finnish League Cup
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1994 |
| Region | Finland |
| Current champions | FC Inter Turku (2nd title) |
| Most successful club(s) | HJK (6 titles) |


title: Fire Station No. 25 (Seattle)

abstract: Fire Station No. 25 is a former fire station located near the borders of the Capitol Hill and First Hill neighborhoods of Seattle, Washington listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is now a condominium apartment building.

text:
# Fire Station No. 25 (Seattle)

**Fire Station No. 25** is a former fire station located near the borders of the Capitol Hill and First Hill neighborhoods of Seattle, Washington listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is now a condominium apartment building.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Fire Station No. 25 | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Fire Station No. 25, 2011 | |
| Location in downtown SeattleLocation in WashingtonLocation in United States | |
| Location | 1400 Harvard Ave., Seattle, Washington |
| Coordinates | 47°36′49″N 122°19′15″W / 47.61361°N 122.32083°W / 47.61361; -122.32083 |
| Area | 0.5 acres (0.20 ha) |
| Built | 1909 (1909) |
| Architect | Sommerville & Coe |
| NRHP reference No. | 72001273 |
| Added to NRHP | April 14, 1972 |


title: Faithless Lover

abstract: Faithless Lover is a 1928 American silent drama film directed by Lawrence C. Windom and starring Eugene O'Brien, Gladys Hulette and Raymond Hackett.

text:
# Faithless Lover

***Faithless Lover*** is a 1928 American silent drama film directed by Lawrence C. Windom and starring Eugene O'Brien, Gladys Hulette and Raymond Hackett.

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Munden, Kenneth White. *The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Produced in the United States, Part 1*. University of California Press, 1997.

## InfoBox

| Faithless Lover | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Lawrence C. Windom |
| Written by | * Baroness D'Arville (story) * Jack Murray * Sam Sherman |
| Produced by | Sherman S. Krellberg |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Frank Zucker |
| Production
company | Krelbar Pictures Corporation |
| Distributed by | Collwyn Pictures Corporation |
| Release date | * January 1928 (1928-01) |
| Running time | 57 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Silent
English intertitles |


title: Saurauia punduana

abstract: Saurauia punduana is a species of plant in the Actinidiaceae family. It is found in Tamenglong district of Manipur.

text:
# Saurauia punduana

***Saurauia punduana*** is a species of plant in the Actinidiaceae family. It is found in Tamenglong district of Manipur.

## InfoBox

| *Saurauia punduana* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Actinidiaceae |
| Genus: | *Saurauia* |
| Species: | ***S. punduana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Saurauia punduana***
Wall. | |
|


title: Calm Like a Bomb

abstract: "Calm Like a Bomb" is a song by American rock band Rage Against the Machine from their third album The Battle of Los Angeles. Like their song "Tire Me" from the 1996 album Evil Empire, “Calm Like a Bomb” never had a music video or was released on any media formats. It did, however, receive enough radio airplay to become an album favorite. The artwork most commonly associated with the song is from a competition the band held for the then upcoming album The Battle of Los Angeles. Competing artists were given titles to put on their covers including "Agunzagun", "Battle Hymns", and "The Battle of Los Angeles". One of the titles was even a verse from “Calm Like a Bomb” - "The Riot Be the Rhyme of the Unheard". Tom Morello eventually used the name "Battle Hymns" for a track on his debut album, One Man Revolution in 2007. "Calm Like a Bomb" is notable as a display of guitarist Tom Morello's creative use of a whammy pedal. Like many of RATM's songs, the song's lyrics take a radical and violent approach to the topic of social inequalities. The song also features a reference to Emiliano Zapata. Tim Commerford uses a combination of a home-made overdrive pedal and the Jim Dunlop 105Q Bass Wah pedal on his bass throughout the song. In Rolling Stone magazine's feature article on the new "Guitar Heroes," a section was printed about Tom Morello, and “Calm Like a Bomb” was cited as the prime example of his skill and fame on the guitar. He has occasionally referred to the extremely high whammy-pedal effects used in songs such as this as "pterodactyl sounds." "Calm Like a Bomb" made its live debut on June 11, 1999, at the K-Rock Dysfunctional Family Picnic in Wantagh, New York at Jones Beach Amphitheater. It was prominently featured in the ending credits of The Matrix Reloaded and was also included in the film's soundtrack.

text:
# Calm Like a Bomb

"**Calm Like a Bomb**" is a song by American rock band Rage Against the Machine from their third album *The Battle of Los Angeles*. Like their song "Tire Me" from the 1996 album *Evil Empire*, “Calm Like a Bomb” never had a music video or was released on any media formats. It did, however, receive enough radio airplay to become an album favorite.

The artwork most commonly associated with the song is from a competition the band held for the then upcoming album *The Battle of Los Angeles*. Competing artists were given titles to put on their covers including "Agunzagun", "Battle Hymns", and "The Battle of Los Angeles". One of the titles was even a verse from “Calm Like a Bomb” - *"The Riot Be the Rhyme of the Unheard"*. Tom Morello eventually used the name "Battle Hymns" for a track on his debut album, *One Man Revolution* in 2007.

"Calm Like a Bomb" is notable as a display of guitarist Tom Morello's creative use of a whammy pedal. Like many of RATM's songs, the song's lyrics take a radical and violent approach to the topic of social inequalities. The song also features a reference to Emiliano Zapata. Tim Commerford uses a combination of a home-made overdrive pedal and the Jim Dunlop 105Q Bass Wah pedal on his bass throughout the song. In *Rolling Stone* magazine's feature article on the new "Guitar Heroes," a section was printed about Tom Morello, and “Calm Like a Bomb” was cited as the prime example of his skill and fame on the guitar. He has occasionally referred to the extremely high whammy-pedal effects used in songs such as this as "pterodactyl sounds."

"Calm Like a Bomb" made its live debut on June 11, 1999, at the K-Rock Dysfunctional Family Picnic in Wantagh, New York at Jones Beach Amphitheater.

It was prominently featured in the ending credits of *The Matrix Reloaded* and was also included in the film's soundtrack.

## InfoBox

| "Calm Like a Bomb" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Song by Rage Against the Machine | |
| from the album  *The Battle of Los Angeles* | |
| Released | November 2, 1999 |
| Genre | Rap metal, funk metal |
| Length | 4:59 |
| Label | Epic |
| Songwriter(s) | Tim Commerford, Zack de la Rocha, Tom Morello, Brad Wilk |
| Producer(s) | Rage Against the Machine<br>Brendan O'Brien |


title: Callanthias legras

abstract: Callanthias legars, the goldie or African splendid perch, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Callanthiidae. This species is found in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean off southern Africa.

text:
# Callanthias legras

***Callanthias legars***, the **goldie** or **African splendid perch**, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Callanthiidae. This species is found in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean off southern Africa.

## Taxonomy

*Callanthias legras* was first formally described in 1948 by the South African ichthyologist J. L. B. Smith with its type locality given as Algoa Bay in South Africa. The genus *Callanthias* is one of two classified in the family Callanthiidae which the 5th edition of *Fishes of the World* classifies in the order Spariformes.

## Etymology

*Callanthias legras* has the specific name *legras* and this honours Mr M. G. le Gras, a fish collector from Port Elizabeth, although he apparently did not collect any specimens of this species.

## Description

*Callanthias legras* has a dorsal fin which is supported by 11 spines and 10 or 11 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 10 soft rays. The upper body and head is mainly orange, with vivid yellow longitudinal band extending from the snout enclosing the eye and running the length of body to merge with the yellow caudal fin. Underneath this yellow band is a lilac band which extends from the snout nearly all the way to the caudal peduncle with another yellow band extending from the base of the pelvic fin to the caudal peduncle. The eye has a yellow iris with a mauve edges. The dorsal, anal and caudal fins are yellow with the posterior rays of the dorsal fin being orange and the same rays of the anal fin being red. The highest and lowest fin rays in the caudal fin are vermilion at their base and lilac towards their tips. The pectoral fins are yellow but have lilac colour near the base on the ventral surface while the pelvic fin is white. The goldie has a maximum published total length of 25 cm (9.8 in).

## Distribution and habitat

*Callanthias legras* is found in the southeastern Atlantic and southwestern Indian Ocean off the coasts of southern Africa. It occurs from Dassen Island in the Northern Cape Province to KwaZulu-Natal. It may also be found off Namibia but its presence there is yet to be confirmed. The goldie is found at depths of 50 to 200 m (160 to 660 ft) over rock substrates.

## InfoBox

| *Callanthias legras* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Spariformes |
| Family: | Callanthiidae |
| Genus: | *Callanthias* |
| Species: | ***C. legras*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Callanthias legras***<br>J. L. B. Smith, 1948 | |
|


title: Callanmarca District

abstract: Callanmarca District is one of twelve districts of the province Angaraes in Peru.

text:
# Callanmarca District

**Callanmarca District** is one of twelve districts of the province Angaraes in Peru.

## Ethnic groups

The people in the district are mainly Indigenous citizens of Quechua descent. Quechua is the language which the majority of the population (92.03%) learnt to speak in childhood, 7.85% of the residents started speaking using the Spanish language (2007 Peru Census).

12°52′01″S 74°37′23″W / 12.8669°S 74.6231°W / -12.8669; -74.6231

## InfoBox

| Callanmarca | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
| Country | Peru |
| Region | Huancavelica |
| Province | Angaraes |
| Founded | February 28, 1941 |
| Capital | Callanmarca |
| Area | |
| Total | 26.02 km2 (10.05 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 3,526 m (11,568 ft) |
| Population (2005 census) | |
| Total | 1,006 |
| Density | 39/km2 (100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (PET) |
| UBIGEO | 090303 |


title: Callanthias

abstract: Callanthias is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Callanthiidae. These fishes are primarily found in subtropical parts of the Pacific Ocean, with one species marginally in the Indian Ocean and two species in the eastern Atlantic Ocean.

text:
# Callanthias

***Callanthias*** is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Callanthiidae. These fishes are primarily found in subtropical parts of the Pacific Ocean, with one species marginally in the Indian Ocean and two species in the eastern Atlantic Ocean.

## Taxonomy

*Callanthias* was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1839 by the English zoologist Richard Thomas Lowe when he described *Callanthias paradiseus*. Lowe’s Callanthias paradiseus is now known to be a synonym of *Lepimphis ruber*, described by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque in 1810 from Palermo on Sicily. The relationships of *Callianthias* have been subject of some uncertainty in the past and they were previously regarded as a very aberrant genus of the Serranidae, while other authors placed it in the Grammatidae. *Callanthias* is one of two genera in the family Callanthiidae, the other is *Grammatonotus*, which the 5th edition of *Fishes of the World* places in the order Spariformes.

## Etymology

*Callianthias* is a combination of *callos*, meaning "beautiful", and *Anthias* the genus in the family Serranidae. Lowe named the genus this because he described its type species, *Callanthias paradisaeus*, as "a most elegant little fish" and "almost as rare as beautiful" and noted the resemblance on form and dentition to *Anthias*.

## Species

Despite being in separate families, some *Callanthias* have been included in the genus *Anthias* in the past. There are currently 7 recognized species in this genus:

## Characteristics

*Callanthias* splendid perches are characterised by having relatively elongated bodies with a short, blunt head which has a large eye located close to the end of the head. They have oblique mouths that extend to underneath the middle of the eye and there is a single outerrow of conical teeth in each jaw with an inner row of smaller conical or villiform teeth. There are aloso a few forward pointing canine-like teeth. They may or may not have very small teeth in the palatine The operculum has two short spines on its upper part but the preoperculum has no spines or serrations. The scales are large and ctenoid. The dorsal and anal fins are not incised and the soft rays are longer than the spines. The caudal fin is forked and the males have long filaments extending from both lobes. They appear to be protogynous and when they change from female to male this is associated with changes in size, morphology and colouration. The largest species is the magnificent splendid perch (*C. australis*) with a maximum published standard length of 49 cm (19 in) but most species have maximum lengths between 17.9 and 30 cm (7.0 and 11.8 in). These are brightly coloured fishes with the colours red, orange, yellow and purple being typical.

## Distribution and habitat

*Callanthias* splendid perches are found in temperate and subtropical seas with most species occurring in the Pacific Ocean. One species, the Southern splendid perch (*C. allporti*) extends into the southeastern Indian Ocean while there are two Atlantic species. Of these the goldie (*C. legras*) is found in the southeastern Atlantic off Southern Africa and the parrot seaperch (*C. ruber*) is found in the northeastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. They occur on deep reefs, rockwalls, pinnacle and seamounts.

## InfoBox

| *Callanthias* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Callanthias japonicus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Spariformes |
| Family: | Callanthiidae |
| Genus: | *Callanthias*
R. T. Lowe, 1839 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Callanthias paradisaeus*
Lowe, 1839 | |
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Saskatchewan Volunteer Medal

abstract: The Saskatchewan Volunteer Medal (SVM) is a civil decoration for volunteers in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, introduced in 1995 by the Government of Saskatchewan. Prior to the establishment of the medal volunteerism could be recognized by the Saskatchewan Order of Merit, but this is only one of the fields for which the Order is presented. The medal was established to remedy inadequate recognition of volunteerism by the provincial government.

text:
# Saskatchewan Volunteer Medal

The **Saskatchewan Volunteer Medal** (**SVM**) is a civil decoration for volunteers in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, introduced in 1995 by the Government of Saskatchewan. Prior to the establishment of the medal volunteerism could be recognized by the Saskatchewan Order of Merit, but this is only one of the fields for which the Order is presented. The medal was established to remedy inadequate recognition of volunteerism by the provincial government.

## Description

The medal is circular, made of silver, suspended from a V-shaped clasp. The obverse depicts the shield of the Coat of arms of Saskatchewan surmounted by St Edward's Crown. Inscribed above the shield is the motto "Nos ipsos dedimus" (We Gave of Ourselves), and below is "Saskatchewan".

## InfoBox

| Saskatchewan Volunteer Medal | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Civil decoration |
| Awarded for | Outstanding volunteer service or exceptional community involvement in an area that is beyond the performance of the individual's normal duties or the exercise of the responsibilities of a profession to which that individual belongs |
| Country | Canada |
| Presented by | The lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan
 |
| Eligibility | Canadian citizens |
| Post-nominals | SVM |
| Motto | *Nos ipsos dedimus*
(We Gave of Ourselves) |
| Status | Currently awarded |
| Established | 1995 |
|  | |
| Ribbon bar of the medal | |
|  | |
| Precedence | |
| Next (higher) | Ontario Medal for Firefighters Bravery |
| Next (lower) | Ontario Provincial Police Long Service and Good Conduct Medal |


title: Calliactis polypus

abstract: Calliactis polypus is a species of sea anemone in the family Hormathiidae. It is usually found living on the surface of a sea snail shell in which a hermit crab is living.

text:
# Calliactis polypus

***Calliactis polypus*** is a species of sea anemone in the family Hormathiidae. It is usually found living on the surface of a sea snail shell in which a hermit crab is living.

## Description

*C. polypus* can grow up to 8 cm (3 in) long. Several anemones can grow on one shell. The base is wide with wavy edges and pink striations and flares out over the shell surface. The column is wider at the base than further up and has pale brown and white patches and longitudinal striations. The oral disc has several whorls of long brownish translucent tentacles with paler bases surrounding the mouth.

## Distribution

*C. polypus* is found in the Indo-Pacific area and the Red Sea. It lives in the neritic zone at depths down to about 25 metres (80 ft).

## Ecology

*C. polypus* lives as a commensal with several species of hermit crab including *Dardanus gemmatus*. The anemone shows no inclination to attach itself to a gastropod shell with or without a hermit crab. However the crab shows great interest in the anemone and taps and massages the base of the column with its legs until the anemone relaxes and the pedal disc becomes detached. The crab then picks up the anemone and holds it against the shell in which it is living. Both the pedal disc and the tentacles are very sticky and either can quickly form a firm attachment to the shell.

## InfoBox

| *Calliactis polypus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Cnidaria |
| Class: | Hexacorallia |
| Order: | Actiniaria |
| Family: | Hormathiidae |
| Genus: | *Calliactis* |
| Species: | ***C. p.*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Calliactis polypus*** <br>(Forsskål, 1775) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| List * *Actinia decorata* Couthouy in Dana, 1846 * *Actinia maculata* * *Actinia polypus* * *Adamsia decorata* * *Adamsia miriam* Haddon & Shackleton, 1893 * *Calliactis decorata* (Drayton in Dana, 1849) * *Calliactis miriam* Haddon & Shackleton, 1893 * *Cribrina polypus* Ehrenberg * *Priapus polypus* Forsskål, 1775 | |


title: Calliactis tricolor

abstract: Calliactis tricolor, the tricolor anemone or hitchhiking anemone, is a species of sea anemone in the family Hormathiidae. It occurs in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. It can be found attached to rocks but is often attached to a living crab or mollusc or an empty shell occupied by a hermit crab.

text:
# Calliactis tricolor

***Calliactis tricolor***, the **tricolor anemone** or **hitchhiking anemone**, is a species of sea anemone in the family Hormathiidae. It occurs in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. It can be found attached to rocks but is often attached to a living crab or mollusc or an empty shell occupied by a hermit crab.

## Description

*Calliactis tricolor* is conical in shape with a smooth outer surface and a wide base. The height of the column varies from 2.5 to 7.5 centimetres (0.98 to 2.95 in). The colour is some shade of dull red, brown, olive or purple with cream stripes and there is a band of dark coloured spots near the base. The oral disc has a fringe of about 200 short white, orange or pink tentacles. The mouth is in the centre surrounded by bands of yellow, red and pinkish-purple colour. When threatened by a predator, the anemone can release orange or white threads armed with stinging cnidocytes.

## Distribution

*Calliactis tricolor* is found in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the eastern coast of Florida.

## Reproduction

*Calliactis tricolor* can reproduce asexually by longitudinal fission. Prior to that observation, its method of reproduction was unknown, but the finding of a number of very small specimens in one location indicates that sexual reproduction may also sometimes take place.

## Ecology

*Calliactis tricolor* may adhere to a rock but is usually found attached to the hard surface of a living animal. This can be the carapace of a crab, a hermit crab occupying an empty gastropod shell, a clam or other living mollusc such as the tulip shell (*Fasciolaria tulipa*) or the Caribbean crown conch (*Melongena melongena*). This is a symbiotic relationship; the anemone benefits from greater access to food as its host moves around, and the host benefits from the protection from predators provided by the anemone's stinging cells.

The shell occupied by the thinstripe hermit crab (*Clibanarius vittatus*) often carries a tricolor anemone. This is usually quite small but may be several centimetres in diameter. The crab actively collects the anemone from a base on a rock and places it on its shell. It later transfers it to a new shell when it has outgrown the present shell and needs to move into larger quarters.

*Calliactis tricolor* is often found attached to a gastropod shell occupied by another hermit crab, *Dardanus venosus*. On finding an anemone, or after moving into a new shell, this hermit crab taps the edge of the base of the anemone several times with its claw. This causes it to relax and the crab can then lift it off the surface to which it was attached and place it onto its new home. The anemone clings there with its tentacles until its base is firmly settled in place. In a trial, *Dardanus venosus* showed a preference for large anemones over small ones. It placed a large one on the top of its shell. When offered small ones, it ate some of them, and placed others close to the opening of its shell.

## InfoBox

| *Calliactis tricolor* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Cnidaria |
| Class: | Hexacorallia |
| Order: | Actiniaria |
| Family: | Hormathiidae |
| Genus: | *Calliactis* |
| Species: | ***C. tricolor*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Calliactis tricolor***<br>(Lesueur, 1817) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Actinia bicolor* Le Sueur, 1817 * *Actinia tricolor* Le Sueur, 1817 * *Adamsia bicolor* Le Sueur, 1817 * *Adamsia egletes* Duchassaing de Fombressin & Michelotti, 1866 * *Adamsia tricolor* (Le Sueur, 1817) * *Calliactis bicolor* (Le Sueur) * *Calliactis egletes* Duchassaing de Fombressin & Michelotti * *Cereus bicolor* | |