title: Ray Horkings

abstract: Ray Horkings is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

text:
# Ray Horkings

**Ray Horkings** (born 4 May 1946) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## InfoBox

| Ray Horkings | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Ray Horkings | | |
| Date of birth | (1946-05-04) 4 May 1946 | | |
| Height | 170 cm (5 ft 7 in) | | |
| Weight | 66 kg (146 lb) | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1967–68 | Hawthorn | 11 (5) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1968. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Caribbean least gecko

abstract: The Caribbean least gecko is a species of lizard in the family Sphaerodactylidae. It is endemic to Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama.

text:
# Caribbean least gecko

The **Caribbean least gecko** (***Sphaerodactylus homolepis***) is a species of lizard in the family Sphaerodactylidae. It is endemic to Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama.

## InfoBox

| Caribbean least gecko | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Sphaerodactylidae |
| Genus: | *Sphaerodactylus* |
| Species: | ***S. homolepis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Sphaerodactylus homolepis***
Cope, 1886 | |
|


# Saudi Arabia at the 1992 Summer Olympics

Saudi Arabia competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. Nine competitors, all men, took part in thirteen events in five sports.

## Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Athletics | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Cycling | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Fencing | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Swimming | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Table tennis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | 9 | 0 | 9 |

## Athletics

**Men's Discus Throw**

* Qualification  47.96 m (→ did not advance)

**Men's Shot Put**

* Qualification  17.72 m (→ did not advance)

## Cycling

Three cyclists represented Saudi Arabia in 1992.

Men's road race Men's team time trial

## Fencing

One fencer represented Saudi Arabia in 1992.

Men's sabre

## Swimming

## Table tennis

## InfoBox

| Saudi Arabia at the<br>1992 Summer Olympics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| IOC code | KSA |
| NOC | Saudi Arabian Olympic Committee |
| Website | olympic.sa (in Arabic and English) |
| in Barcelona | |
| Competitors | 9 in 5 sports |
| Flag bearer | Medhadi Al-Dosari |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| Summer Olympics appearances (overview) | |
|  | |


title: Euborellia brunneri

abstract: Euborellia brunneri is a species of earwig in the family Anisolabididae.

text:
# Euborellia brunneri

***Euborellia brunneri*** is a species of earwig in the family Anisolabididae.

## Taxonomy

This species was originally described by Heinrich Wolfgang Ludwig Dohrn, as *Forcinella brunneri*, in 1864 from a female specimen collected by Brunner in Adelaide, Australia. In 1905 a male specimen, also from South Australia, was mistakenly thought to be a new species and was named by Malcolm Burr as the synonym *Gonolabis verhoeffi* (and soon after known as *Anisolabis verhoeffi*). The species is now placed in the genus *Euborellia*, and is thus named *Euborellia brunneri*.

## Description

*Euborellia brunneri* is apterous and sexually dimorphic in terms of size. It is native to coastal regions of eastern Australia; specifically, it occurs in the states of Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, New South Wales, and Queensland. *E. brunneri* tends to keep hidden beneath plant detritus and other debris where it is dark and damp. Individuals are mostly nocturnal and solitary, but may occur in abundance when habitat conditions are suitable.

The behavioural ecology of *E. brunneri* was the subject of research that resulted in several scientific publications, primarily authored by Emile van Lieshout and Mark Adrian Elgar.

An additional two species of the genus *Euborellia* are known from Australia:

## InfoBox

| *Euborellia brunneri* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Dermaptera |
| Family: | Anisolabididae |
| Genus: | *Euborellia* |
| Species: | ***E. brunneri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Euborellia brunneri***<br>(Dohrn, 1864) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Forcinella brunneri* Dohrn, 1864 * *Gonolabis verhoeffi* Burr, 1905 * *Anisolabis verhoeffi* (Burr, 1905) | |


title: Daiyang village

abstract: Daiyang village is an administrative subdivision of the Jinchang town of Dingxiang, a suburb of Xinzhou, Shanxi, China. To the south, it abuts the Muma River; to the north, the Thai Ha Jin Chang railway and Xinfu road. Dingxiang proper lies west of the village; the urbanization trickles to a halt heading east. In 2016, Daiyang village had 4188 acres of farmland supporting 2972 people, of whom 1085 were farmers and more than 2,000 registered to live elsewhere, and 75 acres of developed land. In 2009 the village produced 3.5 million kilograms of grain, worth 23.7 million yuan or, 5415 yuan net per capita. As of 2016, Dingxiang County Government had proposed a 90 million-yuan project for a new village center, called "Yang village", in mid-socialist style. The six new buildings east of Chang Avenue are expected to contain a new community center and resolve this village's housing shortage, especially offering affordable housing to seventy elder pensioners. The construction project will also require a street reconstruction with new pavement, landscaping, and lighting, and taxes from the new residents should reduce the costs of public utilities such as water, electricity, and education for current residents as well.

text:
# Daiyang village

**Daiyang village** (zh: 待阳) is an administrative subdivision of the Jinchang town of Dingxiang, a suburb of Xinzhou, Shanxi, China. To the south, it abuts the Muma River; to the north, the Thai Ha Jin Chang railway and Xinfu road. Dingxiang proper lies west of the village; the urbanization trickles to a halt heading east.

In 2016, Daiyang village had 4188 acres of farmland supporting 2972 people, of whom 1085 were farmers and more than 2,000 registered to live elsewhere, and 75 acres of developed land.

In 2009 the village produced 3.5 million kilograms of grain, worth 23.7 million yuan or, 5415 yuan net per capita.

As of 2016, Dingxiang County Government had proposed a 90 million-yuan project for a new village center, called "Yang village", in mid-socialist style. The six new buildings east of Chang Avenue are expected to contain a new community center and resolve this village's housing shortage, especially offering affordable housing to seventy elder pensioners. The construction project will also require a street reconstruction with new pavement, landscaping, and lighting, and taxes from the new residents should reduce the costs of public utilities such as water, electricity, and education for current residents as well.

## InfoBox

| Daiyang 待阳村 | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shanxi |
| Prefecture-level city | Xinzhou |
| County | Dingxiang |
| Town | Jinchang (晋昌) |


title: Sam O'Steen

abstract: Samuel Alexander O'Steen was an American film editor and director. He had an extended, notable collaboration with the director Mike Nichols, with whom he edited 12 films between 1966 and 1994. Among the films O'Steen edited are Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf, Cool Hand Luke, The Graduate, Rosemary's Baby, and Chinatown. On a 2012 listing of the 75 best-edited films of all time compiled by the Motion Picture Editors Guild based on a survey of its members, both The Graduate and Chinatown appear, Chinatown listed 31st and The Graduate 52nd.

text:
# Sam O'Steen

**Samuel Alexander O'Steen** (November 6, 1923 – October 11, 2000) was an American film editor and director. He had an extended, notable collaboration with the director Mike Nichols, with whom he edited 12 films between 1966 and 1994. Among the films O'Steen edited are *Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf* (directed by Nichols, 1966), *Cool Hand Luke* (directed by Stuart Rosenberg, 1967), *The Graduate* (directed by Nichols, 1967), *Rosemary's Baby* (directed by Roman Polanski, 1968), and *Chinatown* (directed by Polanski, 1974).

On a 2012 listing of the 75 best-edited films of all time compiled by the Motion Picture Editors Guild based on a survey of its members, both *The Graduate* and *Chinatown* appear, *Chinatown* listed 31st and *The Graduate* 52nd.

## Life and career

O'Steen was born in Paragould, Arkansas but raised in California. As a child in Burbank, he would try to make it onto the Warner Bros. lot hoping it could be an entree to work in the editing room. He was finally able to secure a position as an assistant editor in 1956, when he became George Tomasini's assistant editor on Alfred Hitchcock's 1957 film *The Wrong Man*.

As was typical at the time, he served as an assistant editor at Warner Bros. for eight years; his first credit as editor was on *Youngblood Hawke* (1964), which was directed by Delmer Daves.

Within a year, O'Steen had become the editor on Mike Nichols' first film as a director, *Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?*. O'Steen was Nichols' principal editor for nearly thirty years, during which he edited twelve of Nichols' films; their last film together was *Wolf* (1994).

O'Steen had been working as a principal editor for only three years when he edited Nichols' second film, *The Graduate*, but Patrick J. Sauer considers this film to be the epitome of O'Steen's editing:

> Nowhere are O'Steen's skills more apparent than in Dustin Hoffman's classic debut film, *The Graduate*. O'Steen gives the audience time to study the performer's face before cutting the scene. O'Steen allows for long, personal looks at Hoffman's facial expressions to give the viewers an idea of what the character is thinking instead of the "quick-cutting" seen so often in modern films. In *The Graduate* Hoffman's expressions at the party scene are as important to the character as any bit of dialogue and O'Steen does not cut the scene short.

In his volume from the *History of American Cinema* series, Paul Monaco emphasizes the innovative aspects of the editing of *The Graduate*:

> ...with *The Graduate*, both Nichols and O'Steen had an opportunity to push their collaboration in the direction of a more innovative editing style. For example, one sequence in the film begins with the recent college graduate Benjamin (Dustin Hoffman) floating on an air mattress in his parents' swimming pool. As he leaves the pool to walk back into their house, the scene cuts smoothly to a room where Benjamin is meeting an older woman ... for clandestine sex. Over the next couple of minutes through continuous editing the scenes shift back and forth between his parents' home pool and Benjamin's mental projections of his meetings with Mrs. Robinson. ... This associational montage shows adeptness of the editing technique and reinforces the inner sense of Benjamin's feelings of alienation and ambivalence ...

O'Steen directed seven films for television in the 1970s and 1980s, most notably *Queen of the Stardust Ballroom* (1975) and *Kids Don't Tell* (1985). He also directed one feature film, *Sparkle* (1976). His editing of *The Graduate* (1967) was honored by a BAFTA Award for Best Editing, and he was nominated for this award again for *Chinatown* (1974). He was nominated three times for the Academy Award for Best Film Editing, for *Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf* (1966), *Chinatown* (1974), and *Silkwood* (directed by Mike Nichols, 1983).

In 1976, O'Steen won the "Most Outstanding Television Director" award from the Directors Guild of America (DGA). His film *Queen of the Stardust Ballroom* won the Outstanding Directorial Achievement Award in the category "Movies for Television and Mini-Series". He was also nominated for an Emmy award for "Outstanding Directing in a Special Program - Drama or Comedy" for his work on *Queen of the Stardust Ballroom*.

O'Steen was married twice and had four daughters. His memoir, *Cut to the Chase: Forty-Five Years of Editing America's Favorite Movies*, was published in 2001, shortly after his death. The book is written mostly as a transcript of O'Steen's responses to questions posed by his second wife, Bobbie (Meyer) O'Steen, with sidebars about individual films and filmmakers. Ray Zone characterized it as "one of the very best anecdotal histories of filmmaking in print."

## Filmography (Editor)

| Year | Film | Director | Other notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1964 | *Youngblood Hawke* | Delmer Daves |  |
| | *Robin and the 7 Hoods* | Gordon Douglas |  |
| | *Kisses for My President* | Curtis Bernhardt |  |
| 1965 | *None but the Brave* | Frank Sinatra |  |
| | *Marriage on the Rocks* | Jack Donohue |  |
| 1966 | *Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?* | Mike Nichols | (nominated) Academy Award for Film Editing |
| 1967 | *Hotel* | Richard Quine |  |
| | *Cool Hand Luke* | Stuart Rosenberg |  |
| | *The Graduate* | Mike Nichols | BAFTA Award for Best Editing |
| 1968 | *Rosemary's Baby* | Roman Polanski |  |
| 1969 | *The Sterile Cuckoo* | Alan J. Pakula |  |
| 1970 | *Catch-22* | Mike Nichols |  |
| 1971 | *Carnal Knowledge* | Mike Nichols |  |
| 1972 | *Portnoy's Complaint* | Ernest Lehman |  |
| 1973 | *The Day of the Dolphin* | Mike Nichols |  |
| 1974 | *Chinatown* | Roman Polanski | (nominated) BAFTA and Academy Awards for Best Editing |
| 1976 | *Sparkle* | Sam O'Steen |  |
| 1978 | *Straight Time* | Ulu Grosbard |  |
| 1979 | *Hurricane* | Jan Troell |  |
| 1982 | *Amityville II: The Possession* | Damiano Damiani |  |
| 1983 | *Silkwood* | Mike Nichols | (nominated) Academy Award for Film Editing |
| 1986 | *Heartburn* | Mike Nichols |  |
| 1987 | *Nadine* | Robert Benton |  |
| 1988 | *Frantic* | Roman Polanski |  |
| | *Biloxi Blues* | Mike Nichols |  |
| | *Working Girl* | Mike Nichols |  |
| 1989 | *A Dry White Season* | Euzhan Palcy |  |
| 1990 | *Postcards from the Edge* | Mike Nichols |  |
| 1991 | *Regarding Henry* | Mike Nichols |  |
| 1992 | *Consenting Adults* | Alan J. Pakula |  |
| 1994 | *Wolf* | Mike Nichols |  |
| 1996 | *Night Falls on Manhattan* | Sidney Lumet |  |
| 1999 | *The White River Kid* | Arne Glimcher |  |

## InfoBox

| Sam O'Steen | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Samuel Alexander O'Steen
(1923-11-06)November 6, 1923
Paragould, Arkansas, U.S. |
| Died | October 11, 2000(2000-10-11) (aged 76)
Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Occupation | Film editor |
| Years active | 1960–2000 |
| Children | 4 |
| Awards | BAFTA Award for Best Editing (1968) *The Graduate* |


title: Seaford Meadows railway station

abstract: Seaford Meadows railway station is located on the Seaford line in South Australia. Situated in the southern Adelaide suburb of Seaford Meadows, it is 34.7 kilometres from Adelaide station.

text:
# Seaford Meadows railway station

**Seaford Meadows railway station** is located on the Seaford line in South Australia. Situated in the southern Adelaide suburb of Seaford Meadows, it is 34.7 kilometres from Adelaide station.

## History

Seaford Meadows station opened on 23 February 2014 as part of the extension of the line from Noarlunga Centre to Seaford. It is located in a triangular section of land between Seaford and Dungeys Roads. The rail line between Seaford Road and Griffiths Drive follows a similar alignment to the former Willunga railway line (now the Coast to Vines Rail Trail) and Seaford Meadows station is located approximately 800m from the site of the former Noarlunga railway station, which is marked by a rest point on the trail.

The station has two side platforms connected via an overhead walkway. Lifts and stairs enable passengers to move between the walkway and the platforms. A 550 space park & ride area is provided, as well as a kiss & ride facility. A train stabling depot and maintenance facility has been provided adjacent to the station.

## Services by platform

| Platform | Destination/s |
| --- | --- |
| 1 | Seaford |
| 2 | Adelaide |

35°10′44″S 138°29′15″E / 35.178882°S 138.487531°E / -35.178882; 138.487531

## InfoBox

| Seaford Meadows | |
| --- | --- |
| Southbound view from Platform 2, January 2018 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Teakle Road, Seaford Meadows |
| Owned by | Department for Infrastructure & Transport |
| Operated by | Adelaide Metro |
| Line(s) | Seaford |
| Distance | 34.7 km from Adelaide |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Parking | Yes |
| Bicycle facilities | Yes |
| History | |
| Opened | 23 February 2014 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Adelaide Metro Following station  Noarlunga Centretowards Adelaide  Seaford line  SeafordTerminus | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Pursuit racing

abstract: Pursuit racing is where two or more competitors are either chasing after each other or chasing after a lead competitor or team.

text:
# Pursuit racing

**Pursuit racing** is where two or more competitors (or teams) are either chasing after each other or chasing after a lead competitor or team.

## Cycling

In cycling, pursuit racing is a form of track racing.

In individual pursuit, two cyclists begin on opposite sides of the velodrome. After starting at the same time, each cyclist attempts to catch up to the other for the win. The cyclists are also timed, for comparison with other competitors. Men race for 4 kilometres (2.5 mi); women race for 3 kilometres (1.9 mi). At the Olympics beginning in 2012, individual pursuit is competed only as part of the omnium event.

Team pursuit works similarly to individual pursuit. Two teams – each with three or four cyclists – start from opposite sides of the track. The team earns their time based on the third-finishing rider. All events are 4 kilometres (2.5 mi), although through the 2011–2012 season the women's competitions were three cyclists over 3 kilometres (1.9 mi).

## Track and field

The modern pentathlon is formatted such that the final event, a cross-country run with target shooting, is essentially a pursuit race. Athlete performance in the prior events determines the times in which they start the race. The idea is that the first athlete to cross the finish line wins the entire event.

## Winter sports

In biathlon, pursuit is the second part of a sprint-pursuit race. The sprint is held first. In the subsequent pursuit section, the competitors' starts are staggered according to their times: the sprint winner starts first, whoever finished second by a certain time follows the leader by that time, and so on. (For example, Competitor F finished 5 seconds ahead of Competitor S in the Sprint, so Competitor F will start 5 seconds ahead of Competitor S in the Pursuit event.) Pursuit can follow up to the individual race too. They just divide by 2 your extra time behind the winner of individual race.

In cross-country skiing a pursuit is a race where the skiers start according to results in one or more previous races. The final stage of a ski tour event (i.e. Nordic Opening, Tour de Ski and World Cup Finals) is usually a pursuit where the overall leader starts first and is followed by the others starting behind according to their cumulative time from the stages raced before the pursuit.

In Nordic combined, the pursuit is determined by how well the competitors or team do in the ski jumping part of the competition. This is part of the Gundersen method developed in the 1980s. For the 15 km individual and 7.5 km sprint competitions, the computation is a 1-point advantage at the ski jump equals a 4-second advantage at the start of the cross-country skiing part of the competition. (For example, Competitor A finished the ski jump with 5 more points than Competitor B, so Competitor B must start 20 seconds after Competitor A in the cross-country skiing part.) For the 4 x 5 km team event prior to 2005, the computation was a 1-point advantage at the ski jump equals a 1.5 second advantage in the cross-country skiing part of the competition; since 2005, that computation is 1 point equals 1 second.

Long-track speed skating also has pursuit races. In team pursuit, two teams – each team comprising three skaters – begin on opposite sides of the ice, start at the same time, and attempt to catch the other team in the shortest elapsed time as measured by the third skater. Men race for eight laps and women for six laps.


title: Delicate Flame of Desire

abstract: Delicate Flame of Desire is the third studio album by progressive rock band Karnataka, released by Immrama Records on 10 February 2003. It was the final Karnataka album to feature all five of the original band members, as bassist Ian Jones was the only remaining founding member left by the time The Gathering Light, the band's fourth album, was released.

text:
# Delicate Flame of Desire

***Delicate Flame of Desire*** is the third studio album by progressive rock band Karnataka, released by Immrama Records on 10 February 2003. It was the final Karnataka album to feature all five of the original band members, as bassist Ian Jones was the only remaining founding member left by the time *The Gathering Light*, the band's fourth album, was released.

## Track listing

All lyrics written by R. Jones.

1. "Karnataka" (Instrumental) (J. Edwards/I. Jones) \- 2:54
2. "Time Stands Still" (P. Davies/J. Edwards/I. Jones/R. Jones) \- 6:17
3. "Delicate Flame of Desire" (J. Edwards/I. Jones/R. Jones) \- 7:34
4. "After the Rain" (J. Edwards/I. Jones/R. Jones) \- 7:52
5. "Strange Behaviour" (J. Edwards/I. Jones/R. Jones) \- 6:10
6. "The Right Time" (P. Davies/J. Edwards/I. Jones/R. Jones) \- 7:06
7. "One Breath Away" (I. Jones/R. Jones) \- 5:13
8. "Out of Reach" (I. Jones/R. Jones) \- 7:48
9. "Heart of Stone" (J. Edwards/I. Jones/R. Jones) \- 10:31

## Personnel

* Rachel Jones - lead vocals, percussion
* Paul Davies - electric guitars
* Ian Jones - bass, acoustic guitars, percussion, vocals
* Jonathan Edwards - keyboards, backing vocals
* Gavin Griffiths - drums, percussion
* Anne-Marie Helder \- flute, percussion, backing vocals

Additional personnel * Steve Evans - programming
* Heather Findlay - vocals (2, 6, and 9)

## InfoBox

| Delicate Flame of Desire | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Karnataka | |
| Released | 10 February 2003 |
| Genre | Progressive rock |
| Length | 61:29 |
| Label | Immrama Records |
| Karnataka chronology | |
| *The Storm*
(2000) ***Delicate Flame of Desire***
(2003) *The Gathering Light*
(2010) | |


title: Shimazu Iehisa

abstract: Shimazu Iehisa was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period, who was a member of the Shimazu clan of Satsuma Province. He was the fourth son of Shimazu Takahisa. He served in a command capacity during his family's campaign to conquer Kyūshū. His sons were Shimazu Toyohisa, Shimazu Tadanao, and Shimazu Mitsuhisa. He was nephew of 'Ten'ei-in' from his mother side and later he married Kamehime and daughter of Shimazu Yoshitaka, Mitsuhime. He participated in the Battle of Mimigawa (1578), Siege of Minamata Castle (1582), Battle of Okitanawate (1584), and in 1587 he fought against Toyotomi Hideyoshi forces at Battle of Hetsugigawa and Battle of Takajo. In 1587, he suddenly died at Sadowara castle. There is a theory that he was poisoned when he visited Toyotomi Hidenaga's camp.

text:
# Shimazu Iehisa

**Shimazu Iehisa** (島津 家久, 1547 – July 10, 1587) was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period, who was a member of the Shimazu clan of Satsuma Province. He was the fourth son of Shimazu Takahisa. He served in a command capacity during his family's campaign to conquer Kyūshū.

His sons were Shimazu Toyohisa, Shimazu Tadanao, and Shimazu Mitsuhisa. He was nephew of 'Ten'ei-in' (wife of Tokugawa Ienobu) from his mother side and later he married Kamehime and daughter of Shimazu Yoshitaka, Mitsuhime.

He participated in the Battle of Mimigawa (1578), Siege of Minamata Castle (1582), Battle of Okitanawate (1584), and in 1587 he fought against Toyotomi Hideyoshi forces at Battle of Hetsugigawa and Battle of Takajo.

In 1587, he suddenly died at Sadowara castle. There is a theory that he was poisoned when he visited Toyotomi Hidenaga's camp.

## InfoBox

| Shimazu Iehisa | |
| --- | --- |
| 島津 家久 | |
|  | |
| Lord of Sadowara Castle | |
| **In office**
1579–1587 | |
| Preceded by | Itō Yoshisuke |
| Succeeded by | Shimazu Toyohisa |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1547
Izaku Castle |
| Died | 1587 (aged 39-40) |
| Children | Shimazu Toyohisa
Shimazu Tadanao
Shimazu Mitsuhisa |
| Parent |  |
| Relatives | Shimazu Yoshihisa (brother)
Shimazu Toshihisa (brother)
Shimazu Yoshihiro (brother) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Shimazu clan |
| Unit | Shimazu clan |
| Battles/wars | Battle of Mimigawa (1578)
Siege of Minamata (1581)
Battle of Okitanawate (1584)
Siege of Tachibana (1586)
Kyūshū campaign (1586-1587) |
|  | |


title: John Weir House

abstract: The John Weir House is a historic house located at 715 N. Main St. in Edwardsville, Illinois. Built in 1836, the house is the second-oldest in Edwardsville after the Benjamin Stephenson House. The two-and-one-half story brick house is designed in the Federal style. The front facade of the house has five bays with a central entrance; the entrance is surrounded by a fan light and an arched lintel. The house's gable roof features three dormers on either side, chimneys at either end, and a brick cornice on the rear edge. Dr. John Weir, the owner of the house, ran his doctor's office in the house with his son Edward until the former's death in 1878. In 1963, the Madison County Historical Society purchased the house and converted it to a museum. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 9, 1983.

text:
# John Weir House

The **John Weir House** is a historic house located at 715 N. Main St. in Edwardsville, Illinois. Built in 1836, the house is the second-oldest in Edwardsville after the Benjamin Stephenson House. The two-and-one-half story brick house is designed in the Federal style. The front facade of the house has five bays with a central entrance; the entrance is surrounded by a fan light and an arched lintel. The house's gable roof features three dormers on either side, chimneys at either end, and a brick cornice on the rear edge. Dr. John Weir, the owner of the house, ran his doctor's office in the house with his son Edward until the former's death in 1878. In 1963, the Madison County Historical Society purchased the house and converted it to a museum.

The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 9, 1983.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| John Weir House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Northern end and front | |
|  | |
| Location | 715 N. Main St., Edwardsville, Illinois |
| Coordinates | 38°48′59″N 89°57′42″W / 38.81639°N 89.96167°W / 38.81639; -89.96167 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1836 (1836) |
| Architectural style | Federal |
| NRHP reference No. | 83000329 |
| Added to NRHP | May 9, 1983 |


title: Sarakan

abstract: Sarakan is the brand name for a range of oral health products owned by G.R Lane Health Products Ltd. Sarakan oral health products contain the natural ingredient Salvadora Persica which is more commonly known as the toothbrush tree. It has been used for centuries in the Indian subcontinent in the form of a chewing stick as a natural way to help keep teeth and gums healthy. The Sarakan range of products offers the benefits of Salavdora Persica in a user friendly format. Sarakan Toothpaste is vegan, fluoride-free and is flavoured with oil of peppermint, clove and geranium. It contains no sugars or artificial colours and does not contain Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS). Sarakan Mouthwash is an alcohol-free anti-plaque mouth rinse which contains the same natural oil flavourings as the toothpaste, and an anti-plaque bacterial agent to get rid of micro-organisms in the mouth and help promote better gum health.

text:
# Sarakan

**Sarakan** is the brand name for a range of oral health products owned by G.R Lane Health Products Ltd.

Sarakan oral health products contain the natural ingredient Salvadora Persica which is more commonly known as the toothbrush tree. It has been used for centuries in the Indian subcontinent in the form of a chewing stick as a natural way to help keep teeth and gums healthy. The Sarakan range of products offers the benefits of Salavdora Persica in a user friendly format.

Sarakan Toothpaste is vegan, fluoride-free and is flavoured with oil of peppermint, clove and geranium. It contains no sugars or artificial colours and does not contain Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS).

Sarakan Mouthwash is an alcohol-free anti-plaque mouth rinse which contains the same natural oil flavourings as the toothpaste, and an anti-plaque bacterial agent to get rid of micro-organisms in the mouth and help promote better gum health.

## The history of the Sarakan brand

Sarakan toothpaste was developed after a British Army doctor who was serving in India noticed that his patients’ teeth and gum health were comparatively very good despite the general low quality of nutrition. He discovered that many used a "chewing stick" to clean and massage their teeth and gums. These small portions of twig came from a specific shrub, Salvadora persica (the toothbrush tree), which is widespread throughout the Middle East, Africa and Asia. The doctor, on his return to the UK, decided to develop a toothpaste suitable for the European market with extract of Salvadora persica.


title: Caribbean monk seal

abstract: The Caribbean monk seal, also known as the West Indian seal or sea wolf, is an extinct species of seal native to the Caribbean. The main natural predators of Caribbean monk seals were large sharks, such as great whites and tiger sharks, and possibly transient orcas; however, humans would become their most lethal enemy. Overhunting of the monk seals for oil and meat, as well as overfishing of their natural prey, are the likely reasons for the seals' extinction. The last confirmed sighting of a Caribbean monk seal was in 1952, at Serranilla Bank, in the waters west of Jamaica and off the eastern coast of Nicaragua. In 2008, the species was officially declared extinct by the United States, after an exhaustive five-year search. This analysis was conducted by the National Marine Fisheries Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The Caribbean monk seal is closely related to the critically endangered Hawaiian monk seal, a species which is restricted to the central Pacific Ocean surrounding the Hawaiian Islands, and the Mediterranean monk seal, another endangered species, predominantly found in the waters off of Greece.

text:
# Caribbean monk seal

The **Caribbean monk seal** (***Neomonachus tropicalis***), also known as the **West Indian seal** or **sea wolf**, is an extinct species of seal native to the Caribbean. The main natural predators of Caribbean monk seals were large sharks, such as great whites and tiger sharks, and possibly transient orcas (though killer whales are not often sighted in the Caribbean); however, humans would become their most lethal enemy. Overhunting of the monk seals for oil and meat, as well as overfishing of their natural prey, are the likely reasons for the seals' extinction.

The last confirmed sighting of a Caribbean monk seal was in 1952, at Serranilla Bank, in the waters west of Jamaica and off the eastern coast of Nicaragua. In 2008, the species was officially declared extinct by the United States, after an exhaustive five-year search. This analysis was conducted by the National Marine Fisheries Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The Caribbean monk seal is closely related to the critically endangered Hawaiian monk seal, a species which is restricted to the central Pacific Ocean surrounding the Hawaiian Islands, and the Mediterranean monk seal, another endangered species, predominantly found in the waters off of Greece.

## Description

Caribbean monk seals had a relatively large, long, robust body, could grow to nearly 2.4 metres (8 ft) in length and weighed 170 to 270 kilograms (375 to 600 lb). Males were probably slightly larger than females, which is similar to Mediterranean monk seals. Like other monk seals, this species had a distinctive head and face. The head was rounded with an extended broad muzzle. The face had relatively large wide-spaced eyes, upward opening nostrils, and fairly big whisker pads with long light-colored and smooth whiskers. When compared to the body, the animal's foreflippers were relatively short with little claws and the hindflippers were slender. Their coloration was brownish and/or grayish, with the underside lighter than the dorsal area. Adults were darker than the more paler and yellowish younger seals. Caribbean monk seals were also known to have algae growing on their pelage, giving them a slightly greenish appearance, which is similar to Hawaiian monk seals.

## Behavior and ecology

Historical records suggest that this species may have "hauled out" at resting areas on land in large social groups, typically 20–40 animals, but sometimes up to 100 individuals, throughout its range. The groups may have been organised based on age and life stage differences. Their diet most likely consisted of fish and crustaceans.

Like other true seals, the Caribbean monk seal was sluggish on land. Its lack of fear of humans, and an unaggressive, curious nature was taken advantage of by human hunters.

### Reproduction and longevity

Caribbean monk seals had a long pupping season, which is typical for pinnipeds living in subtropical and tropical habitats. In Mexico, breeding season peaked in early December. Like other monk seals, this species had four retractable nipples for suckling their young. Newborn pups were probably about 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) in length and weighed 16 to 18 kilograms (35 to 40 lb) and reportedly had a sleek, black lanugo coat when born. It is believed this animal's average lifespan was approximately twenty years.

The Caribbean monk seal nasal mite (*Halarachne americana*), was entirely dependent on the seal, living inside of its nasal cavity, and went extinct with it.

## Habitat

Caribbean monk seals were found in warm temperate, subtropical and tropical waters of the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and the western Atlantic Ocean. They probably preferred to haul out at low sandy beaches above high tide on isolated and secluded atolls and islands, but occasionally would visit the mainland coasts and deeper waters offshore. This species may have fed in shallow lagoons and reefs.

## Relationship with humans

The first historical mention of the Caribbean monk seal is recorded in the account of the second voyage of Christopher Columbus. In August 1494, a ship laid anchor off the mostly barren island of Alta Velo, south of Hispaniola, where the party of men aboard killed eight seals that were resting on the beach. The second recorded interaction with Caribbean monk seals was Juan Ponce de León's discovery of the Dry Tortugas Islands. On June 21, 1513, when Ponce de León discovered the islands, he ordered a foraging party to go ashore, where the men killed fourteen of the docile seals. There are several more records throughout the colonial period of seals being discovered and hunted at Guadeloupe, the Alacrane Islands, Bahamas, Pedro Cays, and Cuba. As early as 1688, sugar plantation owners sent out hunting parties to kill hundreds of seals every night in order to obtain oil to lubricate the plantation machinery. A 1707 account describes fisherman slaughtering seals by the hundreds for oil to fuel their lamps. By 1850, so many seals had been killed that there were no longer sufficient numbers for them to be commercially hunted.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, scientific expeditions to the Caribbean encountered the Caribbean monk seal. In December 1886, the first recorded scientific expedition to research seals, led by H. A. Ward and Professor F. Ferrari Perez as part of the Mexican Geographical and Exploring Survey, ventured to a small collection of reefs and a small cay known as the Triangles (20.95° N 92.23° W) in search of monk seals. Although the research expedition was in the area for only four days, forty-two specimens were killed and taken away; the two leaders of the expedition sent to museums around the Western world. Two specimens from the encounter survive intact at the British Museum of Natural History, and the Cambridge Zoological Museum, respectively. The expedition also captured a newly born seal pup that died in captivity a week later.

The first Caribbean monk seal to live in captivity for an extended period was a female seal that lived in the New York Aquarium. The seal was captured in 1897 and died in 1903, living in captivity for a total of five and a half years. In 1909, the New York Aquarium acquired four Caribbean monk seals, three of which were yearlings (between one and two years old) and the other a mature male.

### Extinction

Through the first half of the 20th century, Caribbean monk seal sightings became much rarer. In 1908, a small group of seals was seen at the once bustling Tortugas Islands. Fishermen captured six seals in 1915, which were sent to Pensacola, Florida, and eventually released. A seal was killed near Key West, Florida in March 1922. There were sightings of Caribbean monk seals on the Texas coast in 1926 and 1932. The last seal recorded to be killed by humans was killed on the Pedro Cays in 1939. Two more seals were seen on Drunken Mans Cay, just south of Kingston, Jamaica, in November 1949. In 1952 the Caribbean monk seal was confirmed sighted for the last time at Serranilla Bank.

The final extinction of the Caribbean monk seal was triggered by two main factors. The most visible factor contributing to the Caribbean monk seals' demise was the nonstop hunting and killing of the seals in the 18th and 19th centuries to obtain the oil held within their blubber. The insatiable demand for seal products in the Caribbean encouraged hunters to slaughter the Caribbean monk seals by the hundreds. The Caribbean monk seals' docile nature and lack of flight instinct in the presence of humans made them very easy to kill. The second factor was the overfishing of the reefs that sustained the Caribbean monk seal population. With no fish or mollusks to feed on, the seals that were not killed by hunters for oil died of starvation. Surprisingly few conservation measures were taken towards attempting to save the Caribbean monk seal; by the time it was placed on the endangered species list in 1967, it was likely already extinct.

Unconfirmed sightings of Caribbean monk seals by local fishermen and divers are relatively common in Haiti and Jamaica, but two recent scientific expeditions failed to find any sign of the species. It is possible the mammal is still extant, but some biologists strongly believe the sightings are of wandering hooded seals, which have been positively identified on Caribbean archipelagos such as Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

## InfoBox

| Caribbean monk seal | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Specimen in the New York Aquarium, c. 1910 | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Extinct (1952)  (IUCN 3.1) | |
|
Presumed Extinct (1952)  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Carnivora |
| *Clade*: | Pinnipedia |
| Family: | Phocidae |
| Genus: | *Neomonachus* |
| Species: | ***N. tropicalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Neomonachus tropicalis***
(Gray, 1850) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Monachus tropicalis* (Gray, 1850)
*Phoca tropicalis* Gray, 1850 | |


title: Union J

abstract: Union J are an English boy band, consisting of members JJ Hamblett, Jaymi Hensley, George Shelley and Josh Cuthbert. Shelley left the group in 2016 and was replaced by Casey Johnson, who left several months later, Cuthbert left the group in 2018 leaving the band as duo until they disbanded in 2019. The band formed in 2011, originally as a trio known as Triple J, consisting of Cuthbert, Hamblett and Hensley. They auditioned for the ninth series of the British television music competition The X Factor where they met Shelley who joined the band at the judges' request. They were the tenth contestant eliminated and were subsequently signed to Sony Music subsidiary RCA Records. Their debut single "Carry You" was released in June 2013. Their self-titled debut studio album followed in October 2013 and peaked at number 6 on the UK Albums Chart. Union J left RCA Records in April 2014 and signed with Epic Records. In the lead-up to the release of their second album You Got It All – The Album, the band released two singles: "Tonight" and "You Got It All". A new EP Who Would've Thought was released on 22 March 2019. Cuthbert left the band in 2018 leaving the group as a duo, they later disbanded in 2019. On 31 January 2022 Union J confirmed they would be reforming to celebrate their tenth anniversary with Shelley and Cuthbert rejoining the group who respectively left in 2016 and 2018.

text:
# Union J

**Union J** are an English boy band, consisting of members JJ Hamblett, Jaymi Hensley, George Shelley and Josh Cuthbert. Shelley left the group in 2016 and was replaced by Casey Johnson, who left several months later, Cuthbert left the group in 2018 leaving the band as duo until they disbanded in 2019. The band formed in 2011, originally as a trio known as Triple J, consisting of Cuthbert, Hamblett and Hensley. They auditioned for the ninth series of the British television music competition *The X Factor* where they met Shelley who joined the band at the judges' request. They were the tenth contestant eliminated and were subsequently signed to Sony Music subsidiary RCA Records. Their debut single "Carry You" was released in June 2013. Their self-titled debut studio album followed in October 2013 and peaked at number 6 on the UK Albums Chart.

Union J left RCA Records in April 2014 and signed with Epic Records. In the lead-up to the release of their second album *You Got It All – The Album*, the band released two singles: "Tonight (We Live Forever)" and "You Got It All". A new EP *Who Would've Thought* was released on 22 March 2019. Cuthbert left the band in 2018 leaving the group as a duo, they later disbanded in 2019.

On 31 January 2022 Union J confirmed they would be reforming to celebrate their tenth anniversary with Shelley and Cuthbert rejoining the group who respectively left in 2016 and 2018.

## History

### 2011–2012: Formation and *The X Factor*

In 2007, Blair Dreelan of Alpha Dog Management met 14-year-old Josh Cuthbert, who was auditioning for the fourth series of *The X Factor* in front of judges Simon Cowell, Louis Walsh, Sharon Osbourne and Dannii Minogue. Cuthbert failed to progress to the bootcamp stage, but Dreelan believed that he looked like a pop star and was impressed by his voice: "I began to sort of work with him on various little projects like just sort of recording stuff because I've got a recording studio in Swindon." In 2011, Cuthbert and Jaymi Hensley met whilst studying performing arts at the Sylvia Young Theatre School in Westminster and later decided to put a band together. Former jockey Jamie "JJ" Hamblett was later added to the group by Dreelan, and they named themselves Triple J (due to each member sharing the same initial).

In May 2012, after eight months together, Triple J and soloist George Shelley both auditioned in London for the ninth series of *The X Factor* in front of judges Walsh, Gary Barlow, Tulisa and Nicole Scherzinger. Triple J performed Rihanna's international hit "We Found Love", whilst George covered an acoustic version of Britney Spears' "Toxic" – in which he also incorporated his guitar. Both acts progressed to the next stage of the competition, receiving positive critique from all judges present. Bootcamp saw Shelley perform Labrinth's "Earthquake", competing against female contestants; Charlie Cammish and Meg O'Neill. Triple J first sang Maroon 5's "Moves Like Jagger", before contending for the final place at judges' houses with GMD3 (later District3). They covered Chris Brown's "Yeah 3x", but were sent home after GMD3 were eventually chosen for judges' houses. However, following Rough Copy's forced withdrawal from the show, Dreelan was contacted by *The X Factor* producers with an offer for the group to return, on the basis that Shelley was added to the three-piece. All parties accepted the offer and the band – now a four-piece – became Union J and advanced to judges' houses alongside fellow recalled Times Red in the groups category, mentored by Walsh. The band's first performance as a four-piece was an acoustic cover of Carly Rae Jepsen's "Call Me Maybe". Walsh put them through to the live shows alongside District3 and MK1, and they instantly proved popular with social media users.

In week 1 of the live shows, Union J performed Queen's "Don't Stop Me Now". Despite negative feedback from the other judges, they progressed through to the next week after placing fourth in voting statistics behind Christopher Maloney, Jahméne Douglas and Ella Henderson, respectively. In week 4, the group received the fewest public votes with Jade Ellis, but were saved by Barlow, Scherzinger and Walsh. They found themselves in the bottom two again in week 6, against District3, but were saved for a second time by Barlow and Scherzinger, with Walsh refusing to vote between his acts. Union J were in the bottom two for a third time in the quarter-final, where they were saved by Walsh, Barlow and Tulisa over Rylan Clark. They were eliminated in the semi-final on 2 December. It was later reported that their winning single would have been a cover of Demi Lovato's "Skyscraper", which is featured on their debut album.

### 2013–2014: *Union J* and *You Got It All*

Union J first announced that they had signed a record deal with Sony Music Entertainment at a performance in Cardiff, Wales, on 15 December 2012. Their debut single "Carry You" was recorded in London in January 2013 and was released in June 2013, charting at number six in the United Kingdom. On 28 January, it was confirmed that the subsidiary label that Union J had signed with was RCA Records. In June 2013, it was announced that the band would embark on their first UK headline tour, the Magazines + TV Screens Tour, which consisted of 18 dates in December 2013 and January 2014. They also revealed that their debut album would be released on 28 October 2013.

Union J announced that their second single, "Beautiful Life", would be released on 21 October 2013, a week before their self-titled debut album, *Union J*. On 2 October 2013, the band revealed that they are partnering up with Pokémon for the UK release of *X and Y*. On 5 November 2013, they announced that their third single would be "Loving You Is Easy".

On 2 January 2014, while guest editing the *Daily Star*'s Playlist column, Union J announced that they would release their second album in 2014. Jaymi said, "Very exciting, we're about to start recording our second studio album, which is massive. And then I think we're going to write on the album as well, work with some new producers." Josh also said that they hope to "find that lane that \[they\] want to go down." They also revealed that they felt there was pressure on them to match the huge success of One Direction, as Louis Walsh had expected them to have a number-one single. The band also revealed that they did write songs for their debut album which ultimately failed to make the final cut, but hoped to have more self-penned tracks on their second album. Hensley told Digital Spy, "We did write for \[their first\] album and we'd done about 14 songs but they didn't go on the album, maybe because they weren't right. The thing about writing is it's personal but also the more practice you get, the better you get."

On 5 April, Cuthbert announced via Twitter that Union J had left RCA and signed a new deal with Epic Records. The first single to be taken from the band's second album is "Tonight (We Live Forever)", which was released on 17 August 2014. Following its premiere on Capital FM on 18 June 2014, the single entered the iTunes Top 100 Chart through pre-order sales alone. Union J performed "Tonight (We Live Forever)" live for the first time at Capital FM's Summertime Ball. On 24 August, "Tonight" debuted at number 9 in the UK.

On 14 October, it was announced that the second single from their second album is entitled "You Got It All". Its first play was on 15 October on Capital FM. On 30 October, Union J that announced that their second album will be called *You Got It All – The Album* and was released on 8 December 2014. Despite promoting the album on *The X Factor* and *The Xtra Factor*, it entered at number 28 on the UK Albums Chart, selling 15,000 copies on its first week.

### 2015–2019: Tour, departures and split

Union J were the main support act on The Vamps' arena tour in the UK and Ireland in April and May 2015. They announced that they were doing *An Audience with Union J* in October and November, and also revealed that they are working on their third album.

Shelley left the group in March 2016; speaking exclusively to *The Sun*'s Dan Wootton, Cuthbert blamed Shelley's departure on the latter's changing manner following his stint on *I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!*. Cuthbert said, "I would much rather have someone who wants to do it and is committed to do it. I’m not going to lose any sleep over him not being in the band." Hensley revealed that Shelley's departure was a mutual agreement between all four members and that there were no bad feelings or jealousy which led to it.

Union J recorded their third album called "Who Would've Thought" in Los Angeles in May 2016. It was also announced that theywould be touring Butlins throughout the summer of 2016. In April 2017, Johnson left the band and the remaining members announced that they would continue as a trio.

In July 2018, Union J announced that they will be releasing their new single on the same month. In the same month, it was announced that the single is called "Alive" and will be released on 13 July 2018. They released a second single, *Dancing* featuring Ironik, off their third album on 25 August.

Josh Lloyd-Cuthbert then quit the band in October, leaving Hamblett and Hensley as a duo. Cuthbert told *The Sun*:

> "The music industry is really difficult. It plays with your emotions, it's ups and downs and you go through different managers. Over the last few years we’ve had different managers and we've been promised the world and been let down. We've got a label now which are great and I respect them lots and have nothing but good words to say about them, but it is difficult when you change members.
>
> George obviously left, which was hard for us, but everyone has different reasons and has different things going on. Now that I'm making this decision myself I understand why George made that decision two years ago.
>
> At the time you don't really get it, until you have the same feelings as him, which I now have. I spoke to them on the phone and I just hope that they support me, I want to stay friends with the boys, I love them."

The remaining members of Union J released their third and final single from *Who Would've Thought*, called "Paralysed", on 14 December 2018, with a video appearing on their YouTube channel on 25 January 2019. JJ Hamblett and Jaymi Hensley then disbanded.

### 2022–present: Tenth anniversary reunion

On 31 January 2022, the band confirmed they would be reforming to celebrate their tenth anniversary. Shelley and Cuthbert rejoined the group for the reunion and announced a one night residency at The London Palladium on 28 May 2022. On the night of the concert, they announced they would be embarking on a comeback tour.

On 23 December 2022, Union J released their third studio album, *Ten*, to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the band's formation. On 9 December 2022 the group announced they would be embarking on a headline UK tour the following year. On 19 March 2023 the group issued a statement on their social media platforms saying they had to cancel their upcoming tour, they did not state the reason(s) why.

On 11 April 2023, Hensley announced his departure from the band via Twitter. He said: "I hoped and dreamed of all possibilities afterwards, but this has not happened for several reasons, and therefore, out of love & respect to the family of fans and my integrity as an artist, I cannot sit and watch the legacy that I have tried to sustain for a decade decay any further."

## Products and endorsements

Union J made an appearance in the 2013 comedy film *Kick-Ass 2*, playing heartthrobs adored by Hit-Girl's teenage school friends.

On 2 April 2013, it was announced that they had signed a book deal to publish an autobiography through Penguin Books and Michael Joseph, prior to the release of their album on 26 September 2013. The band commented, "We are very excited to be working with Penguin on our first book and are looking forward to the chance to tell our stories, of how we came together and where we came from, as well as the journey we've taken since X Factor." The autobiography, titled *Our Story: Union J 100% Official*, was released on 21 October 2013. They also released *The Official Union J 2014 Annual*.

On 21 January 2014, the band launched a set of lookalike dolls. On 7 February, Panini launched the official Union J sticker collection.

## Members

* JJ Hamblett (2011–2019, 2022–present)
* Josh Cuthbert (2011–2018, 2022–present)
* George Shelley (2012–2016, 2022–present)
* Jaymi Hensley (2011–2019, 2022–2023)
* Casey Johnson (2016–2017)

**Timeline**

### JJ Hamblett

**Jamie Paul "JJ" Hamblett**, born 25 May 1988, is from Newmarket, Suffolk. He is the oldest member of the group and was one of the three original members of Triple J. He was a jockey until he was 21, riding in 270 races and winning 24 times. He has ridden for the Queen and met her. On 18 September 2013, Hamblett announced that he and his then girlfriend were expecting a child together, making both of them first-time parents. Hamblett's son was born shortly thereafter during November 2013.

In August 2015, Hamblett announced the start of a new reality television project with his former girlfriend and mother of his child, by posting a sneak peek video on Facebook but the venture did not progress beyond initial promotions. Also at this time, Hamblett announced that he signed a contract with ThinkersPR Talent but this business relationship was discontinued.

In January 2019, Hamblett appeared on the fourth series of *Celebrity Coach Trip* alongside Jaymi Hensley.

### Jaymi Hensley

**James William "Jaymi" Hensley**, born 24 February 1990, is from Luton, Bedfordshire. He was one of the three original members of Triple J. Hensley has been in a relationship with Olly Marmon since 2009 and proposed to him in 2010. He went to a theatre school with Cuthbert. He has 17 tattoos. Before *The X Factor*, he did both ballet and gymnastics, but his career as a gymnast was cut off by a broken wrist, and he struggled with his weight when he was no longer exercising so much. In 2015, Hensley appeared with singer Sinitta on *Pointless Celebrities*, a celebrity edition of the BBC game show *Pointless*. Having made his panto debut in the lead role in *Peter Pan* at the White Rock Theatre (Hastings) in December 2016. Hensley was set to play the lead role in the *Aladdin* panto at the Derngate Theatre (Northampton) over December 2017. Hensley has been in a long-term relationship with Olly Marmon since 24 September 2009. They became engaged in 2014. Hensley and Marmon were originally due to get married in 2015, but postponed their wedding for a few years. In August 2024 Olly Marmon died following a fall from a hotel window, a few weeks before he and Jaymi were due to be married.

In January 2019, Hensley appeared on the fourth series of *Celebrity Coach Trip* alongside JJ Hamblett. Hensley is now starring in Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat as Joseph, Directed by Bill Kenwright at Theatre Royal Windsor.

### George Shelley

**George Paul Shelley**, born 27 July 1993, in Clevedon, North Somerset, was the youngest member of the group. His parents Dominic Shelley and Toni Harris are divorced, Dominic remarried. He has two brothers Tom, who lives in Australia, and Will, who did three tours with the Marines in Afghanistan; a younger sister Harriet who died in April 2016 after being hit by a car, and two step-sisters Anabelle and Louisa along with four half-brothers Leo, Archie, Spencer and Roman. He attended Weston College in Weston-super-Mare from 2010 until 2011, where he completed a BTEC Extended Diploma in Graphic Design.

Shelley auditioned for *The X Factor* as a solo artist singing "Toxic" in 2012 while he worked as a Barista in Costa Coffee and was eliminated during bootcamp, but they later called him back to join Triple J and form Union J.

In 2015, Shelley appeared as one of the thirteen contestants on the fifteenth series of *I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!* On 4 March 2016, it was announced Shelley left Union J to pursue other career endeavours.

### Casey Johnson

**Casey Johnson**, born 1 May 1995, was the most recent member of Union J. Johnson auditioned for the *X Factor* in 2014 and became a member of eight-piece band Stereo Kicks. The band released one single, "Love Me So", and a month later they split as they could not afford to continue without a record deal.

On 6 May 2016, Union J announced that Johnson was the newest member of the band, and that they were to continue as a four-piece. However, he left the band less than a year later.

### Josh Cuthbert

**Joshua Thomas John "Josh" Cuthbert**, born 28 July 1992, is from Ascot, Berkshire. He attended Charters School in Berkshire and The Sixth Form College Farnborough. He was one of the three original members of Triple J. Before *The X Factor*, he worked in an office and starred in the West End musical *Chitty Chitty Bang Bang* when he was 14. In 2009, he was invited to join The Wanted, but was unable to do so because of a two-year contract with another band, Replay.

Cuthbert also used to be a footballer, playing as a goalkeeper, but had to quit after damaging his thumb in a shooting accident. Cuthbert said, "I played football from a young age. Playing in goal meant I broke every single finger but one day I was shooting an air rifle with my grandad and the gun was faulty. My thumb got trapped and I ended up losing half of it. And obviously being a goalie your thumb is an integral part."

Cuthbert was in a relationship with model Chloe Lloyd since November 2014. On 14 November 2015, Cuthbert proposed to Lloyd on a gondola ride in Venice. On 9 August 2018, Cuthbert married Lloyd at a private wedding at Aynhoe Park.

On 7 February 2015, Cuthbert signed a modelling contract with modeling agency Two Management. On 11 May 2015, it was announced that he had signed a modelling contract with modeling agency Storm Model Management in London. On 16 June 2015, Josh announced that he signed a contract with Red Model Management. In 2016, he signed a contract with Select Model Management in London.

## Discography

## Tours

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Nominee | Category | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2013 | Popdust | Union J | Next Pop Superstar of 2013 | Third |
| | BBC Radio 1 Teen Awards | | Best British Breakthrough | Won |
| 2014 | Best of 2013 Awards | | Best Boyband of 2013 | Fourth |
| | Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards | | UK Favourite Band | Nominated |
| | World Music Awards | | World's Best Group | Nominated |
| | World's Best Live Act | |
| | "Beautiful Life" | | World's Best Song |
| | World's Best Video | |

## Further reading

* *The Official Union J 2014 Annual* ISBN 978-0141349497
* *Our Story: Union J 100% Official* ISBN 978-0718178666
* "Union J A-Z'" Union J A-Z eBook : H, Sophie: Amazon.co.uk: Books

## InfoBox

| Union J | |
| --- | --- |
| Union J interviewed by students of Ullswater Community College in 2016 | |
| Background information | |
| Also known as | Triple J (20112012) |
| Origin | London, England |
| Genres | Pop |
| Years active | * 20112019 * 2022present |
| Labels |  |
|  | |
| Members |  |
|  | |
| Past members | Casey Johnson * Jaymi Hensley |
|  | |
| Website | unionjofficial.com |


title: Sam Obst

abstract: Sam Obst is a former professional rugby league footballer who last played for Australian Queensland Cup club Northern Pride. Obst was equally at home playing at scrum-half and at hooker. Obst originated from the rugby league stronghold of Redcliffe and attended Southern Cross Catholic College.

text:
# Sam Obst

**Sam Obst** (born 26 November 1980) is a former professional rugby league footballer who last played for Australian Queensland Cup club Northern Pride. Obst was equally at home playing at scrum-half and at hooker. Obst originated from the rugby league stronghold of Redcliffe and attended Southern Cross Catholic College.

## Whitehaven

Obst joined Whitehaven in 2004 and was voted National League One Player of the Year for 2004. He went on to join Wakefield Trinity Wildcats.

## Wakefield Trinity Wildcats

The Australian had an excellent season with the Wakefield club, especially during the latter half of 2006 under John Kear. He later re-signed with Wakefield Trinity Wildcats for another two years to keep him as a player there till 2009. He later signed a new two-year deal by head coach John Kear, and has accepted, keeping him at the club until 2011. In 2008 and 2009, Obst received the club's man of steel (best player for club).

## Hull F.C.

In 2011, Obst signed a two-year deal with Super League club Hull F.C. The deal is completed for an undisclosed fee as part of the rescue plan for Wakefield Trinity Wildcats.

## Keighley Cougars

On 1 December 2011 it was announced that Obst had signed a 12-month deal with Co-operative Championship club Keighley Cougars. Obst followed in his father's (Tony Obst played for Keighley in the 1970s) footsteps and re-joined two of his former teammates in Michael Korkidas and cougars player-coach Jason Demetriou.

## Northern Pride

In 2013 Obst played for the Cairns based Intrust Super Cup team, the Northern Pride. In 2014, Obst was part of Northern Pride's Queensland Cup winning side. Obst played in the inaugural NRL State Championship final for the Northern Pride as they defeated Penrith 32–28. He played with the club up until the end of the 2015 season. In 2017 he returned to the Pride as assistant coach, a role he still holds (2024).

## InfoBox

Sam Obst
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Sam Obst |
| Born | (1980-11-26) 26 November 1980<br>Australia |
| Height | 170 cm (5 ft 7 in) |
| Weight | 79 kg (12 st 6 lb) |
| Playing information | |
| Position | Hooker, Stand-off, Scrum-half |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  2001–02 Sydney Roosters 7 0 0 0 0  2004 Whitehaven 25 18 0 4 80  2005–11 Wakefield Trinity Wildcats 137 59 7 0 250  2011 Hull F.C. 25 9 0 0 36  2012 Keighley Cougars 24 10 0 1 41  Total 218 96 7 5 407 | |
| Source: Rugby League ProjectAs of 1 November 2023 | |


title: Pursuit of the Screamer

abstract: Pursuit of the Screamer is a science fiction novel written by the American writer Ansen Dibell, first published in 1978.

text:
# Pursuit of the Screamer

***Pursuit of the Screamer*** is a science fiction novel written by the American writer Ansen Dibell, first published in 1978.

## Plot

Jannus is the son of Mistress Lillia, the ruler of Newstock, a village near the river in Bremner. The competing villages are protected by the Valde, strange female warriors who serve ten years in the villages. The few who reach the end of their service are allowed to marry one of the rare male Valde. The Valde are tall, beautiful, filled with quick animal instincts, sexually mature at nine and dead of old age around thirty, and gifted with empathy; the power to feel one's emotions.

While watching a duel to the death between Poli, Jannus's favorite Valde, and another Valde, Jannus discovers a Screamer. This fragile humanoid creature is hunted without pity by the Valde. He saves the Screamer who tells him that he is an immortal Tek. Each time when a Tek dies he is reborn again. The Tek wants to return to Kantmorie to end his thousand years of regenerations. The Tek, called Lur by Jannus, persuades Jannus to accompany him.

Together with a merchant family, the Innsmiths (a corruption of Ironsmith) and a number of Valde warriors Jannus follows the river downstream. Among the Valde is Poli who served her ten years. After a number of adventures the Tek, Jannus, Poli and the leader of the merchant family find themselves in the desert trying to reach the location where the Shai is, the huge intelligence guiding the star ship that brought the Teks to the world, to end the endless cycle of reincarnation.

## Series

* *Pursuit of the Screamer*, DAW Books, June 1978, ISBN 0-87997-386-2
* *Circle, Crescent, Star*, DAW Books, February 1981, ISBN 0-87997-603-9
* *Summerfair*, DAW Books, July 1982, ISBN 0-87997-759-0
* *Tidestorm Limit*, 1983, (published in Dutch and French translations only)
    + *Stormvloedgrens*, Dutch edition
    + *Aux confins de l'ouragan*, French edition
* *The Sun of Return*, 1985 (published in Dutch and French translations only)
    + *Gift van de Shai*, Dutch edition
    + *Le soleil du grand retour*, French edition

## InfoBox

Pursuit of the Screamer
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Ansen Dibell |
| Cover artist | Gino D'Achille |
| Language | English |
| Series | The King of Kantmorie |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Published | 1978 (DAW Books) |
| Publication place | United States |
| ISBN | 0-87997-386-2 |
| OCLC | 4068337 |


title: Terry Yurkiewicz

abstract: Terrance A. Yurkiewicz was a Canadian ice hockey goaltender who was a two-time All-American for Clarkson.

text:
# Terry Yurkiewicz

**Terrance A. Yurkiewicz** was a Canadian ice hockey goaltender who was a two-time All-American for Clarkson.

## Career

Yurkiewicz joined the varsity team at Clarkson University in 1963 but a broken finger curtailed his first season. After he recovered he became the starting goaltender and led Clarkson to a third-place finish in ECAC Hockey. He was named to both the All-American and Second Team All-ECAC rosters. Clarkson finished the ECAC Tournament in fourth place and, despite the disappointing result, Yurkiewicz was named as the best goaltender of the tournament.

He was named as an alternate captain for his senior season and Yurkiewicz led Clarkson to one of the best seasons in program history. The team finished atop the conference standings, winning the first ECAC title in program history. Yurkiewicz was absolutely integral to Clarkson's success and was named as the ECAC Player of the Year. He was again outstanding in the conference tournament, allowing just 5 goals in 3 games as Clarkson won its first ECAC tournament championship. Yurkiewicz was named as the Most Outstanding Player in Tournament to add to his growing list of accolades.

Despite winning both ECAC titles, Clarkson only received the 2nd eastern seed for the 1966 NCAA Tournament. They faced a dangerous Denver squad in the semifinal and the two fought a close contest but the Golden Knights finished on top 4–3. Clarkson appeared in its second championship game against a surprising Michigan State team that entered postseason play with a losing record. Clarkson was 24–2 and favored in the game but Michigan State was riding a wave of momentum that saw them completely dominate the Golden Knights. MSU outshot Clarkson 50 to 24 in the game and despite the disparity in the skaters, Yurkiewicz kept his team in the game in the game through two periods. It was only until in the third when the Spartans pulled away with a 4-goal stanza.

The last Clarkson goalie to play without a mask (he did not wear one until his senior year), Yurkiewicz posted a .910 save percentage, 2.10 GAA, and a 43–10–0 record from 1963 to 1966.

Yurkiewicz was also a standout in the classroom, where he ranked first in his academic department. After his graduation from Clarkson in 1966 with a degree in business administration, he enjoyed great success in the business world, where he went on to serve as vice president and general manager of Albany Engineered Systems, a Division of Albany International. Yurkiewicz died in October 2002 at the age of 59. Yurkiewicz was posthumously honored by being inducted into the Clarkson Athletic Hall of Fame in 2007.

## Statistics

### Regular season and playoffs

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP | W | L | T | MIN | GA | SO | GAA | SV% | | GP | W | L | MIN | GA | SO | GAA | SV% |
| 1963–64 | Clarkson | ECAC Hockey | |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1964–65 | Clarkson | ECAC Hockey | | 24 | 18 | 6 | 0 | 1366 |  | 1 | 2.66 | .914 | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1965–66 | Clarkson | ECAC Hockey | |  | 24 |  | 0 |  |  | 1 | 2.46 | .906 | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| NCAA totals | | | | 53 | 43 | 10 | 0 |  |  |  | 2.10 | .910 | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## Awards and honors

| Award | Year |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| All-ECAC Hockey Second Team | 1964–65 |  |
| AHCA East All-American | 1964–65 |  |
| ECAC Hockey All-Tournament First Team | 1965 |  |
| All-ECAC Hockey First Team | 1965–66 |  |
| AHCA East All-American | 1965–66 |  |
| ECAC Hockey All-Tournament First Team | 1966 |  |
| NCAA All-Tournament Second Team | 1966 |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Terry Yurkiewicz | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1943-08-03)August 3, 1943<br>Cartier, Ontario, Canada | | |
| Died | October 9, 2002(2002-10-09) (aged 59) | | |
| Height | 5 ft 9 in (175 cm) | | |
| Weight | 160 lb (73 kg; 11 st 6 lb) | | |
| Position | Goaltender | | |
| Played for | Clarkson | | |
| NHL draft | Undrafted | | |
| Playing career | 19631966 | | |


title: Shimazu Estate

abstract: Shimazu Estate The Shimazu Estate was a shōen in southern Kyushu of Japan, covering large portions of Satsuma, Ōsumi and Hyūga Provinces. It was the largest shōen of medieval Japan. The Shimazu clan took its name from this estate as the clan succeeded the position of jitō.

text:
# Shimazu Estate

The **Shimazu Estate** (島津荘, **Shimazu no shō**) was a *shōen* (estate or manor) in southern Kyushu of Japan, covering large portions of Satsuma, Ōsumi and Hyūga Provinces. It was the largest *shōen* of medieval Japan. The Shimazu clan took its name from this estate as the clan succeeded the position of *jitō* (land steward).

## History

### Heian Period

No contemporary source recorded the foundation of the Shimazu Estate. According to a document dated circa 1291, a "wasteland belonging to no one" was developed during the Manju era (1024–1028) and was donated to Kampaku (de facto ruler of Japan) Fujiwara no Yorimichi to break free from the provincial government's control. Another document states that its founder was Taira no Suemoto, the Dazai Daigen (high-ranking official of the administrative center of Kyūshū). It is likely that Taira no Suemoto was the founder of the *Chinzei Heishi*, a branch line of the Taira clan in Kyushu. A notable member of the Chinzei Heishi was Ata Tadakage.

The Shimazu Estate originally covered Shimazu, Morokata District of southern Hyūga Province (modern-day Miyakonojō, Miyazaki Prefecture) but was soon expanded into the neighboring lands of the province. Under the patronage of the powerful Fujiwara clan, Taira no Suemoto exercised effective administrative control over the lands. In 1029, Taira no Suemoto even raided the government office of the neighboring Ōsumi Province but a fragmentary sources suggest that he was not punished severely.

The Shimazu Estate was expanded substantially in the first half of the 12th century. Large portions of Satsuma, Ōsumi (including the island of Tanegashima) and southern Hyūga became part of the estate, either as *ichien no shō* (estate under complete control) or *yose gōri* (where tax revenue was shared with the provincial government).

The Shimazu Estate was inherited by the Fujiwara family, but came under the control of the Taira clan in the second half of the 12th century. Yorimichi's 6th generation descendant, Kampaku Fujiwara no Motozane, was married to Taira no Moriko, a daughter of Taira no Kiyomori. After Motozane died in 1166, his widow Moriko managed the property of the Fujiwara clan. After Moriko's death in 1179, the estate was inherited by the Konoe branch family of the Fujiwara clan.

### Kamakura Period

With the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate, supporters of the Taira clan were replaced by the shōgun's retainers. In 1185, Koremune no Tadahisa was appointed as *jitō* of the Shimazu Estate. Although he was originally a retainer of the Konoe family, he moved in an inner circle of the shogunate for his kinship ties with the first shōgun Minamoto no Yoritomo and his powerful retainer Hiki Yoshikazu. He was also appointed as the military governor of Satsuma, Ōsumi and Hyūga Provinces. Thereafter he claimed the clan name of Shimazu, which indicated the ownership of the estate.

By the time Tadahisa took the position of *jitō*, the Shimazu Estate occupied 70% of agricultural fields of Satsuma Province although over 70% of the lands were *yose gōri* and were not under the estate's full control. A small portion of the Shimazu Estate in Satsuma was controlled by the Chiba clan. In Satsuma, the provincial government was fused with the Shimazu Estate, as a large overlap in membership between the two polities is observed. The Shimazu Estate's area of influence was smaller in Ōsumi Province, being just over half, and the largest part of the remaining portion was controlled by Ōsumi Shō-Hachimangū. However, it had a stronger control over the land, as over half of the lands were *ichien no shō*. The provincial government and the estate remained largely separate entities.

In 1203, Shimazu Tadahisa was ousted from his positions as a *jitō* of the estate and the military governor of the three provinces because his relative Hiki Yoshikazu was annihilated by the Hōjō clan. He managed to regain the posts of the *jitō* of the Shimazu Estate *in Satsuma* (1213) and the military governor of Satsuma Province (1205). However, the *jitō* of the estate *in Ōsumi* and the military governor of Ōsumi Province were succeeded by the Hōjō clan. The Nagoe branch family of the Hōjō clan maintained the post of *jitō* in Ōsumi until the end of the Kamakura period. They sent the Higo clan to Ōsumi as deputy rulers. After the Hōjō clan was annihilated, one line of the Higo clan made itself autonomous in Tanegashima and began to claim the clan name of Tanegashima. The post of the military governor of Ōsumi Province was transferred from the Nagoe family to the Chiba clan in the early 1280s and then to the Kanesawa branch family of the Hōjō clan in the early 1290s. Because the Nagoe family kept the position of the jitō of the estate in Ōsumi, the military governor had to devote much effort to consolidate power. In fact, Kanesawa Tokinao actively incorporated the officials of the military government as his retainers and relabeled their lands as the "private territories of the military governor" (守護私領).

Even in Satsuma Province, the Shimazu clan's rule was not stable. As a result of the Jōkyū War, Satsuma's Kawanabe District came under the control of the Tokusō (mainline) family of the Hōjō clan. Hōjō's retainer, the Chikama clan, served as the district governor and deputy jitō of Kawanabe District.

### Afterwards

During the downfall of the Kamakura shogunate, Shimazu Sadahisa successfully sided with Ashikaga Takauji. In reward for his service, the Shimazu clan won back the *jitō* of the Shimazu Estate *in Ōsumi* and the military governor of Ōsumi and Hyūga Provinces. Because the military government and the estate in Ōsumi remained distinct entities, the Shimazu clan had much trouble regaining control over the province and eventually collapsed.


title: Expedition 53

abstract: Expedition 53 was the 53rd expedition to the International Space Station, which began upon the departure of Soyuz MS-04 on September 2, 2017, and concluded upon the departure of Soyuz MS-05 on December 14, 2017. Randolph Bresnik, Paolo Nespoli and Sergey Ryazansky were transferred from Expedition 52, with Randolph Bresnik taking the commander role. Transfer of Command from Expedition 53 to Expedition 54 was done on December 13, 2017. Expedition 53 officially ended on December 14, 2017 5:14 UTC, with the undocking of Soyuz MS-05.

text:
# Expedition 53

**Expedition 53** (September – December 2017) was the 53rd expedition to the International Space Station, which began upon the departure of Soyuz MS-04 on September 2, 2017, and concluded upon the departure of Soyuz MS-05 on December 14, 2017. Randolph Bresnik, Paolo Nespoli and Sergey Ryazansky were transferred from Expedition 52, with Randolph Bresnik taking the commander role. Transfer of Command from Expedition 53 to Expedition 54 was done on December 13, 2017. Expedition 53 officially ended on December 14, 2017 5:14 UTC, with the undocking of Soyuz MS-05.

## Crew

| Position | First part
(September 2 - September 13, 2017) | Second part
(September 13 – December 14, 2017) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Commander | Randolph J. Bresnik, NASA
Second spaceflight | |
| Flight engineer 1 | Sergey Ryazansky, RSA
Second and last spaceflight | |
| Flight engineer 2 | Paolo Nespoli, ESA
Third and last spaceflight | |
| Flight engineer 3 |  | Alexander Misurkin, RSA
Second spaceflight |
| Flight engineer 4 |  | Mark T. Vande Hei, NASA
First spaceflight |
| Flight engineer 5 |  | Joseph M. Acaba, NASA
Third spaceflight |
|

In March 2017, after agreements with RSA, NASA announced that Joseph Acaba will be assigned to Expedition 53 and 54 crews, which previously included only Mark Vande Hei and Alexander Misurkin. Shannon Walker trained as a backup for Acaba.

## Mission overview

### Expedition 52/53 launch and docking

Soyuz MS-05 launched on July 28, 2017, transporting Randy Bresnik, Sergey Ryazansky and Paolo Nespoli, who would make up the Expedition 52/53 crew. MS-05 docked with the *Rassvet* module six hours later.

### September 2017 - Research Mission Started

#### Expedition 53/54 launch and docking

Soyuz MS-06 launched on September 13, transporting Alexander Misurkin, Mark T. Vande Hei and Joe Acaba. MS-06 docked with the (*Poisk* (MRM-2) module six hours later.

#### Dragon Brought Back ISS Experiments

On September 17, the SpaceX CRS-12 Dragon cargo spacecraft was released by Bresnick and Nespoli using the Canadarm2, clearing the *Harmony* module's docking port. It touched down in the Pacific Ocean southwest of Long Beach, California. It landed with the Lung Tissue Experiment, which grew lung tissue using stem cells in microgravity, the CASIS PCG7 study, which grew larger versions of the protein LRRK2 to help study Parkinson's disease, and mice from the Rodent Research-9 study, that looked at cartilage loss in hip and knee joints.

#### September research

Nespli and Ryazanskiy were the subjects of a bone marrow experiment that looked at the negative effects of microgravity on bone marrow and blood cells produced in bone marrow. Bresnik was the subject of a study on physiological changes due to microgravity, he is one of 33 astronauts that had signed on to participate in NASA's Biological Specimen Repository. Vande Hei worked on a camera for the Meteor experiment, which took high-resolution video and images of the Earth's atmosphere for space-based observations of meteor chemical composition. Acaba installed a Fast Neutron Spectrometer that had a better suited technique for measurements in mixed radiation fields. Ryazanskiy, Nespoli and Bresnik took measurements of themselves for Sarcolab-3, to investigate the deterioration of the calf muscle where it joins the Achilles tendon. Bresnik and Nespoli also tested out a Miniature Exercise Device-2 (MED-2) that used small robotic actuators to provide motion and resistance for crew workouts in a smaller package than previous exercise devices. Acaba setup hardware for the Veggie-3 experiment that grew Extra Dwarf Pak Choi, Amara Mustard and Red Romaine Lettuce to set the ground work to feed future long-duration missions to space. Ryazanskiy and Acaba installed radiation sensors on the U.S. portion of ISS to characterize the radiation environment aboard the station.

### October 2017 - Three EVAs and a Progress

#### EVA 1 - Robotic Arm work

On October 5, Bresnik and Vande Hei completed a 6 hour and 55 minute spacewalk. They replaced of the two Latching End Effectors (LEE) on Canadarm2. They also were able to get ahead by removing insulation from a DC switching unit and preparing a flex hose rotary couple. This was Vande Hei's first spacewalk and Bresnik's third of their careers.

#### EVA 2 - Lubrication and camera fix

For their second spacewalk in less than a week, Bresnik and Vande Hei completed a 6 hour and 26 minute spacewalk on October 10. They lubricated the LEE they installed on October 5, replaced a faulty camera system, replaced a smudged lens cover and removed two handrails outside the *Tranquility* module. This would be Vande Hei's second space walk and final one of this mission.

#### Progress MS-07 resupply

After a scrubbed launch attempt on October 12, the Progress MS-07 resupply ship launched from Baiknour Cosmodrome on October 14 and docked with the station on October 16 about 252 miles over eastern China. The Progress had three tons of food, fuel and supplies for the station.

#### EVA 3 - Canadarm2 camera install

On October 20, Bresnik and Acaba exited the station for their 3rd spacewalk of the mission. They installed a new camera system on the end of Canadarm2's LEE, an HD camera on the starboard truss of the ISS and replaced a fuse on the Dextre robotic arm. Bresnik also installed a new radiator grapple bar, prepped one of two spare pumps and started work on the second. This was Bresnik's 5th career spacewalk, bringing his total EVA hours to 32, and Acaba's third spacewalk, bringing his total hours to 19.

### November 2017 - Science and Cygnus

#### Science ambassadors, space culture and research

In addition to their duties as researchers and maintenance technicians, astronauts Vande Hei and Acaba shared their science and technology studies with students from Shaker Heights High School in Cleveland, Ohio. The crew also documented life aboard the station for the CSA's study called "At Home in Space", testing a hypothesis that despite their different backgrounds, due to the isolation and confined environment of the ISS, astronauts share a common space culture. Vande Hei also setup gear to analyze the air in the space station for dust to highlight any health impacts and maintain crewmember well being. Nespli participated in a Fine Motor Skills study and how those motor skills are affected by a microgravity environment. To monitor microgravity vision impairment, Misurkin, Ryazanskiy, Nespoli and Vande Hei examined each other's eyes.

#### Cygnus CRS OA-8E "S.S. *Gene Cernan*" resupply

After a scrubbed launch attempt on November 11, the Cygnus resupply ship, named after Gene Cernan, launched atop an Orbital ATK Antares rocket on November 12 from the Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia. The spacecraft docked with the ISS on November 14 with 7,400 pounds of research and supplies. The Bigelow Expandable Activity Module (or BEAM) was outfitted in late November for future stowage operations by removing excess gear including inflations tanks and sensors. The old gear from BEAM and trash was placed into the Cygnus resupply ship for disposal. The spacecraft was detached from the station on December 5 by Vande Hei, Acaba and ground controllers.

### December 2017 - Station handover to Expedition 54

On December 13, with an official change of command ceremony, Expedition 53 Commander Randy Bresnik handed the station over to Expedition 54 Commander Alexander Misurkin. They undocked from the station on December 14, ending Expedition 53 and starting Expedition 54. They touched down later that day southeast of Dzhezkazgan in Kazakhstan. At the end of the mission, Bresnik had logged 150 days in space over two missions, Ryazanskiy had 306 days over two missions and Nespoli logged 313 days over three missions.

## Spacewalks

## Uncrewed spaceflights to the ISS

Resupply missions that visited the International Space Station during Expedition 53:

| **Spacecraft**
\- ISS flight number | **Country** | **Mission** | **Launcher** | **Launch
(UTC)** | **Docked/Berthed
(UTC)** | **Undocked/Unberthed
(UTC)** | **Duration (Docked)** | **Deorbit** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Progress MS-07**
\- ISS 68P | Russia | *Logistics* | Soyuz-2.1a | 14 Oct 2017, 08:47:11 | 16 Oct 2017, 00:00 | 28 Mar 2018, 13:50 | 163d 13h 50m | 26 Apr 2018, 04:08 |
| **Cygnus CRS OA-8E**
\- CRS OA-8E | United States | *Logistics* | Antares 230 | 12 Nov 2017, 12:20:26 | 14 Nov 2017, 10:04 | 6 Dec 2017, 13:11 | 22d 3h 7m | 18 Dec 2017, 12:54 |
|

## InfoBox

Expedition 53
| Promotional Poster | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Mission type | Long-duration expedition |
|  | |
|  | |
| Expedition | |
| Space station | International Space Station |
| Began | 2 September 2017 |
| Ended | 14 December 2017 |
| Arrived aboard | Soyuz MS-05
Soyuz MS-06 |
| Departed aboard | Soyuz MS-05
Soyuz MS-06 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Crew | |
| Crew size | 6 |
| Members | **Expedition 52/53**:
Sergey Ryazansky
Randolph J. Bresnik
Paolo Nespoli
**Expedition 53/54**:
Alexander Misurkin
Mark T. Vande Hei
Joseph Acaba |
|  | |
|
Expedition 53 mission patch

(l-r) Acaba, Misurkin, Vande Hei, Ryazansky, Bresnik and NespoliISS expeditions | |


abstract: The men's 10,000 metres at the 2016 European Athletics Championships were held at the Olympic Stadium on 8 July.

text:
# 2016 European Athletics Championships – Men's 10,000 metres

The **men's 10,000 metres** at the 2016 European Athletics Championships were held at the Olympic Stadium on 8 July.

## Records

| Standing records prior to the 2016 European Athletics Championships | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **World record** | Kenenisa Bekele (ETH) | **26:17.53** | Brussels, Belgium | 26 August 2005 |
| **European record** | Mo Farah (GBR) | **26:46.57** | Eugene, United States | 3 June 2011 |
| **Championship record** | Martti Vainio (FIN) | **27:30.99** | Prague, Czechoslovakia | 29 August 1978 |
| **World Leading** | Mo Farah (GBR) | **26:53.71** | Eugene, United States | 27 May 2016 |
| **European Leading** | Mo Farah (GBR) | **26:53.71** | Eugene, United States | 27 May 2016 |

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Round |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 8 July 2016 | **20:45** | **Final** |

All times are local times (UTC+2)

## Results

### Final

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Polat Kemboi Arikan | Turkey | 28:18.52 |  |
|  | Ali Kaya | Turkey | 28:21.42 |  |
|  | Antonio Abadía | Spain | 28:26.07 |  |
| 4 | Dmytro Lashyn | Ukraine | 28:27.90 | PB |
| 5 | Dewi Griffiths | Great Britain | 28:28.55 | PB |
| 6 | Juan Antonio Pérez | Spain | 28:37.42 |  |
| 7 | Daniel Mateo | Spain | 28:43.03 | PB |
| 8 | Soufiane Bouchikhi | Belgium | 29:03.74 |  |
| 9 | Ahmed El Mazoury | Italy | 29:29.36 |  |
|  | Aimeru Alemya | Israel | DNF |  |
|  | Girmaw Amare | Israel | DQ |  |
|  | Andy Vernon | Great Britain | DNS |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Men's 10,000 metres <br>at the 2016 European Athletics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Olympic Stadium |
| Location | Amsterdam |
| Dates | * July 9 (final) |
| Competitors | 12 from 7 nations |
| Winning time | 28:18.52 |
| Medalists | |
| Turkey  Turkey  Spain | |
|


title: Sendeturm Dobratsch

abstract: The Sendeturm Dobratsch is a radio tower on the Dobratsch mountain, the easternmost peak of the Gailtal Alps near Villach in Carinthia, Austria. The transmitter was built in 1971 and succeeded a provisional facility on the lower Pyramidenkogel mountain near Klagenfurt. It consists of a concrete tower which carries a guyed steel tube mast on the top, similar to the Gerbrandy Tower in the Netherlands. The tower is located at an altitude of 2,115 m (6,939 ft) above sea-level, its total height is 165 metres (541 ft). The transmission facility can be reached by a private cable car from Bad Bleiberg. The Dobratsch Transmitter Tower is used for directional radio services and FM broadcasting as well as for DVB-T transmission of several TV programmes. 125,000 watts ERP make it the strongest transmitter of Austria. It supplies virtually the entire state of Carinthia as well as adjacent regions in Styria, Italy and Slovenia.

text:
# Sendeturm Dobratsch

The **Sendeturm Dobratsch** (Dobratsch Transmitter Tower) is a radio tower on the Dobratsch mountain, the easternmost peak of the Gailtal Alps near Villach in Carinthia, Austria.

The transmitter was built in 1971 and succeeded a provisional facility on the lower Pyramidenkogel mountain near Klagenfurt. It consists of a concrete tower which carries a guyed steel tube mast on the top, similar to the Gerbrandy Tower in the Netherlands. The tower is located at an altitude of 2,115 m (6,939 ft) above sea-level, its total height is 165 metres (541 ft). The transmission facility can be reached by a private cable car from Bad Bleiberg.

The Dobratsch Transmitter Tower is used for directional radio services and FM broadcasting as well as for DVB-T transmission of several TV programmes. 125,000 watts ERP make it the strongest transmitter of Austria. It supplies virtually the entire state of Carinthia as well as adjacent regions in Styria, Italy (Friuli-Venezia Giulia) and Slovenia (Upper Carniola).

## InfoBox

| Sendeturm Dobratsch | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Status | Completed |
| Type | Partially guyed tower |
| Architectural style | Modernism |
| Location | Mt. Dobratsch<br>Bad Bleiberg, Austria |
| Coordinates | 46°36′11″N 13°40′23″E / 46.60306°N 13.67306°E / 46.60306; 13.67306 |
| Construction started | 1969 |
| Completed | 15 October 1971 |
| Owner | Österreichische Rundfunksender GmbH |
| Height | |
| Antenna spire | 165 m (541 ft) |


title: Union J discography

abstract: The discography of English boy band Union J consists of three studio albums, five singles and six music videos. Union J first announced that they had signed a record deal with Sony Music Entertainment at a performance in Cardiff, Wales on 15 December 2012. Their debut single "Carry You" was recorded in London in January 2013 and was released in June 2013, charting at number six in the United Kingdom. On 28 January, it was confirmed that the subsidiary label that Union J had signed with was RCA Records. In June 2013, it was announced that the band would embark on their first UK headline tour, the Magazines and TV Screens Tour, which consists of 18 dates in December 2013 and January 2014. Their second single, "Beautiful Life", was released on 21 October and debuted at number 8. The following week saw the release of their self-titled debut album, Union J. On 5 November 2013, they announced that their third single would be "Loving You Is Easy". In 2014, Union J left RCA and signed with Epic Records. "Tonight", the lead single from their second album, was released on 17 August 2014. This was followed up by "You Got It All", written by Magic!'s Nasri, released in November 2014. Although it was the most purchased single of the week, audio streaming of Ed Sheeran's "Thinking Out Loud" prevented it from reaching the number one spot. Their second album, You Got It All – The Album, reached number 28 on the UK Albums Chart. In December 2022, Union J released their third studio album, Ten, to celebrate ten years since their formation. The album includes previously released singles "Alive" and "Dancing".

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# Union J discography

The discography of English boy band Union J consists of three studio albums, five singles and six music videos. Union J first announced that they had signed a record deal with Sony Music Entertainment at a performance in Cardiff, Wales on 15 December 2012. Their debut single "Carry You" was recorded in London in January 2013 and was released in June 2013, charting at number six in the United Kingdom. On 28 January, it was confirmed that the subsidiary label that Union J had signed with was RCA Records. In June 2013, it was announced that the band would embark on their first UK headline tour, the Magazines and TV Screens Tour, which consists of 18 dates in December 2013 and January 2014. Their second single, "Beautiful Life", was released on 21 October and debuted at number 8. The following week saw the release of their self-titled debut album, *Union J*. On 5 November 2013, they announced that their third single would be "Loving You Is Easy".

In 2014, Union J left RCA and signed with Epic Records. "Tonight (We Live Forever)", the lead single from their second album, was released on 17 August 2014. This was followed up by "You Got It All", written by Magic!'s Nasri, released in November 2014. Although it was the most purchased single of the week, audio streaming of Ed Sheeran's "Thinking Out Loud" prevented it from reaching the number one spot. Their second album, *You Got It All – The Album*, reached number 28 on the UK Albums Chart.

In December 2022, Union J released their third studio album, *Ten*, to celebrate ten years since their formation. The album includes previously released singles "Alive" and "Dancing".

## Albums

| Title | Details | Peak chart positions | | | Sales | Certifications |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | UK
 | IRE
 | SCO
 | | |
| *Union J* |  | 6 | 8 | 5 |  |  |
| *You Got It All – The Album* | * Released: 8 December 2014 * Label: Syco, Epic * Format: CD, digital download | 28 | 57 | 26 |  |  |
| *Ten* | * Released: 23 December 2022 * Label: R U Listening Ltd * Format: Digital download; streaming | - | - | - |  |  |
|

## Extended plays

| Title | Details |
| --- | --- |
| *Who Would've Thought* | * Released: 12 July 2019 * Format: Digital download |

## Singles

| Single | Year | Peak chart positions | | | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | UK
 | IRE
 | SCO
 | |
| "Carry You" | 2013 | 6 | 12 | 4 | *Union J* |
| | "Beautiful Life" | 8 | 19 | | 7 |
| | "Loving You Is Easy" | 196 |  | |  |
| "Tonight (We Live Forever)" | 2014 | 9 | 45 | 7 | *You Got It All – The Album* |
| | "You Got It All" | 2 | 64 | | 2 |
| "Alive" | 2018 | 166 |  |  | *Who Would've Thought* |
| | "Dancing"
(featuring Ironik) |  |  | |  |
| "Paralysed" | 2019 |  |  | |  |
| "—" denotes a single that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | | | | | | | | | | |
|

## Music videos

List of videos, showing year released and director
| Title | Year | Director(s) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| "Carry You" | 2013 | Sarah Chatfield |
| | "Carry You in *Kick-Ass 2*" |  |
| | "Beautiful Life" | Naroop |
| | "Loving You Is Easy" | Carly Cussen |
| "Tonight (We Live Forever)" | 2014 | Director X |
| | "You Got It All" | Frank Borin |
| "Alive" | 2018 | Jedd Roberts |
| | | "Dancing" (Featuring Ironik) |
| "Paralysed" | 2019 | Askaris & Sean Russell for RU Listening Ltd |
|

## InfoBox

| Union J discography | |
| --- | --- |
| Studio albums | 3 |
| Music videos | 9 |
| EPs | 1 |
| Singles | 8 |