title: Resveratrol

abstract: Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a stilbenoid, a type of natural phenol or polyphenol and a phytoalexin produced by several plants in response to injury or when the plant is under attack by pathogens, such as bacteria or fungi. Sources of resveratrol in food include the skin of grapes, blueberries, raspberries, mulberries, and peanuts. Although commonly used as a dietary supplement and studied in laboratory models of human diseases, there is no high-quality evidence that resveratrol improves lifespan or has a substantial effect on any human disease.

text:
# Resveratrol

**Resveratrol** (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-*trans*-stilbene) is a stilbenoid, a type of natural phenol or polyphenol and a phytoalexin produced by several plants in response to injury or when the plant is under attack by pathogens, such as bacteria or fungi. Sources of resveratrol in food include the skin of grapes, blueberries, raspberries, mulberries, and peanuts.

Although commonly used as a dietary supplement and studied in laboratory models of human diseases, there is no high-quality evidence that resveratrol improves lifespan or has a substantial effect on any human disease.

## Research

Resveratrol has been studied for its potential therapeutic use, with little evidence of anti-disease effects or health benefits in humans.

### Cardiovascular disease

There is no evidence of benefit from resveratrol in people who already have heart disease. A 2018 meta-analysis found no effect on systolic or diastolic blood pressure; a sub-analysis revealed a 2 mmHg decrease in systolic pressure only from resveratrol doses of 300 mg per day, and only in diabetic people. A 2014 Chinese meta-analysis found no effect on systolic or diastolic blood pressure; a sub-analysis found an 11.90 mmHg reduction in systolic blood pressure from resveratrol doses of 150 mg per day.

### Cancer

As of 2020, there is no evidence of an effect of resveratrol on cancer in humans.

### Metabolic syndrome

There is no conclusive evidence for an effect of resveratrol on human metabolic syndrome. One 2015 review found little evidence for use of resveratrol to treat diabetes. A 2015 meta-analysis found little evidence for an effect of resveratrol on diabetes biomarkers.

One review found limited evidence that resveratrol lowered fasting plasma glucose in people with diabetes. Two reviews indicated that resveratrol supplementation may reduce body weight and body mass index, but not fat mass or total blood cholesterol. A 2018 review found that resveratrol supplementation may reduce biomarkers of inflammation, TNF-α and C-reactive protein.

### Lifespan

As of 2011, there is insufficient evidence to indicate that consuming resveratrol has an effect on human lifespan.

### Cognition

Resveratrol has been assessed for a possible effect on cognition, but with mixed evidence for an effect. One review concluded that resveratrol had no effect on neurological function, but reported that supplementation improved recognition and mood, although there were inconsistencies in study designs and results.

### Alzheimer's disease

A 2022 meta-analysis provided preliminary evidence that resveratrol, alone or in combination with glucose and malate, may slow cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.

### Diabetes

Although animal experiments have found some evidence that resveratrol may help improve insulin sensitivity and so potentially help manage diabetes, subsequent research on people is limited and does not support the use of resveratrol for this purpose.

### Other

There is no significant evidence that resveratrol affects vascular endothelial function, neuroinflammation, skin infections or aging skin. A 2019 review of human studies found mixed effects of resveratrol on certain bone biomarkers, such as increases in blood and bone alkaline phosphatase, while reporting no effect on other biomarkers, such as calcium and collagen.

## Pharmacology

### Pharmacodynamics

Resveratrol has been identified as a pan-assay interference compound, which produces positive results in many different laboratory assays. Its ability for varied interactions may be due to direct effects on cell membranes.

As of 2015, many specific biological targets for resveratrol had been identified, including NQO2 (alone and in interaction with AKT1), GSTP1, estrogen receptor beta, CBR1, and integrin αVβ. It was unclear at that time if any or all of these were responsible for the observed effects in cells and model organisms.

### Pharmacokinetics

The viability of an oral delivery method is unlikely due to the low aqueous solubility of the molecule. The bioavailability of resveratrol is about 0.5% due to extensive hepatic glucuronidation and sulfation. Glucuronidation occurs in the intestine as well as in the liver, whereas sulfonation not only occurs in the liver but in the intestine and by microbial gut activity. Due to rapid metabolism, the half-life of resveratrol is short (about 8–14 minutes), but the half-life of the sulphate and glucoronide metabolites is above 9 hours.

### Metabolism

Resveratrol is extensively metabolized in the body, with the liver and intestines as the major sites of its metabolism. Liver metabolites are products of phase II (conjugation) enzymes, which are themselves induced by resveratrol in vitro.

## Chemistry

Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a stilbenoid, a derivative of stilbene. It exists as two geometric isomers: *cis-* (*Z*) and *trans-* (*E*), with the *trans*-isomer shown in the top image. Resveratrol exists conjugated to glucose.

The *trans-* form can undergo photoisomerization to the *cis-* form when exposed to ultraviolet irradiation.

UV irradiation to cis-resveratrol induces further photochemical reaction, producing a fluorescent molecule named "Resveratrone".

*Trans*-resveratrol in the powder form was found to be stable under "accelerated stability" conditions of 75% humidity and 40 °C in the presence of air. The *trans* isomer is also stabilized by the presence of transport proteins. Resveratrol content also was stable in the skins of grapes and pomace taken after fermentation and stored for a long period. lH- and 13C-NMR data for the four most common forms of resveratrols are reported in literature.

### Biosynthesis

Resveratrol is produced in plants via the enzyme resveratrol synthase (stilbene synthase). Its immediate precursor is a tetraketide derived from malonyl CoA and 4-coumaroyl CoA. The latter is derived from phenylalanine.

### Biotransformation

The grapevine fungal pathogen *Botrytis cinerea* is able to oxidise resveratrol into metabolites showing attenuated antifungal activities. Those include the resveratrol dimers restrytisol A, , and , resveratrol trans-dehydrodimer, leachinol F, and pallidol. The soil bacterium *Bacillus cereus* can be used to transform resveratrol into piceid (resveratrol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside).

## Adverse effects

Only a few human studies have been done to determine the adverse effects of resveratrol, all of them preliminary with small participant numbers. Adverse effects resulted mainly from long-term use (weeks or longer) and daily doses of 1000 mg or higher, causing nausea, stomach pain, flatulence, and diarrhea. A review of 136 patients in seven studies who were given more than 500 mg for a month showed 25 cases of diarrhea, 8 cases of abdominal pain, 7 cases of nausea, and 5 cases of flatulence. A 2018 review of resveratrol effects on blood pressure found that some people had increased frequency of bowel movements and loose stools.

## Occurrences

### Plants

Resveratrol is a phytoalexin, a class of compounds produced by many plants when they are infected by pathogens or physically harmed by cutting, crushing, or ultraviolet radiation.

Plants that synthesize resveratrol include knotweeds, pine trees including Scots pine and Eastern white pine, grape vines, raspberries, mulberries, peanut plants, cocoa bushes, and *Vaccinium* shrubs that produce berries, including blueberries, cranberries, and bilberries.

### Foods

The levels of resveratrol found in food varies considerably, even in the same food from season to season and batch to batch.

#### Wine and grape juice

| Beverage | Resveratrol (μg/100 mL) | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | mean | range |
| Red wine | 270 | 0 — 2780 |
| Rosé wine | 120 | 5 — 290 |
| White wine | 40 | 0 — 170 |
| Sparkling wine | 9 | 8 — 10 |
| Green grape juice | 5.08 | 0 — 10 |
|

Resveratrol concentrations in red wines average 1.9±1.7 mg trans-resveratrol/L (8.2±7.5 μM), ranging from nondetectable levels to 14.3 mg/L (62.7 μM) *trans*-resveratrol. Levels of *cis*-resveratrol follow the same trend as *trans*-resveratrol.

In general, wines made from grapes of the Pinot noir and St. Laurent varieties showed the highest level of *trans*-resveratrol, though no wine or region can yet be said to produce wines with significantly higher concentrations than any other wine or region. Champagne and vinegar also contain appreciable levels of resveratrol.

Red wine contains between 0.2 and 5.8 mg/L, depending on the grape variety. White wine has much less because red wine is fermented with the skins, allowing the wine to extract the resveratrol, whereas white wine is fermented after the skin has been removed. The composition of wine is different from that of grapes since the extraction of resveratrol from grapes depends on the duration of the skin contact, and the resveratrol 3-glucosides are in part hydrolysed, yielding both *trans*\- and *cis*-resveratrol.

#### Selected foods

| Food | Serving | Total resveratrol (mg) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Peanuts (raw) | 1 cup (146 grams) | 0.01 – 0.26 |
| Peanut butter | 1 cup (258 grams) | 0.04 – 0.13 |
| Red grapes | 1 cup (160 grams) | 0.24 – 1.25 |
| Cocoa powder | 1 cup (200 grams) | 0.28 – 0.46 |

Ounce for ounce, peanuts have about 25% as much resveratrol as red wine. Peanuts, especially sprouted peanuts, have a content similar to grapes in a range of 2.3 to 4.5 μg/g before sprouting, and after sprouting, in a range of 11.7 to 25.7 μg/g, depending on peanut cultivar.

Mulberries (especially the skin) are a source of as much as 50 micrograms of resveratrol per gram dry weight.

Most US supplements of resveratrol are derived from the root of Reynoutria japonica (also called Japanese knotweed, Hu Zhang, etc.)

## History

The first mention of resveratrol was in a Japanese article in 1939 by Michio Takaoka, who isolated it from *Veratrum album*, variety *grandiflorum*, and later, in 1963, from the roots of Japanese knotweed. In 2004, Harvard University professor David Sinclair co-founded Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, the initial product of which was a resveratrol formulation. Sirtris was purchased and made a subsidiary of GlaxoSmithKline in 2008 for $720 million and shut down in 2013, without successful drug development.

## InfoBox

Resveratrol
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
Chemical structures of *cis-* ((*Z*)-resveratrol, left) and *trans*-resveratrol ((*E*)-resveratrol, right) | |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name 5-\[(*E*)-2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethen-1-yl\]benzene-1,3-diol | |
| Other names *trans*-3,5,4′-Trihydroxystilbene;
3,4′,5-Stilbenetriol;
*trans*-Resveratrol;
(*E*)-5-(*p*-Hydroxystyryl)resorcinol;
(*E*)-5-(4-hydroxystyryl)benzene-1,3-diol | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChEBI |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| DrugBank |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.121.386 |
| KEGG |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| RTECS number | * CZ8987000 |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C14H12O3/c15-12-5-3-10(4-6-12)1-2-11-7-13(16)9-14(17)8-11/h1-9,15-17H/b2-1+ YKey: LUKBXSAWLPMMSZ-OWOJBTEDSA-N Y * InChI=1/C14H12O3/c15-
12-5-3-10(4-6-12)
1-2-11-7-13(16)9-
14(17)8-11/h1-9,15-
17H/b2-1+ | |
| SMILES * Oc1ccc(cc1)\C=C\c2cc(O)cc(O)c2 | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C14H12O3 |
| Molar mass | 228.247 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | white powder with
slight yellow cast |
| Melting point | 261 to 263 °C (502 to 505 °F; 534 to 536 K) |
| Solubility in water | 0.03 g/L |
| Solubility in DMSO | 16 g/L |
| Solubility in ethanol | 50 g/L |
| UV-vismax) | 304nm (trans-resveratrol, in water)
286nm (cis-resveratrol, in water) |
| Hazards | |
| **GHS** labelling: | |
| Pictograms |  |
| Signal word | **Warning** |
| Hazard statements | H319 |
| Precautionary statements | P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313 |
| **Lethal dose** or concentration (LD, LC): | |
| LD50 (median dose) | 23.2 μM (5.29 g) |
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | Fisher Scientific
Sigma Aldrich |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?)  Infobox references | |


title: RAF Hospital Ely

abstract: RAF Hospital Ely, was a Royal Air Force staffed military hospital in Ely, Cambridgeshire, England. The hospital opened in 1940, and was one of a handful of Second World War era RAF hospitals that were kept open post Second World War, remaining a military asset until 1992, although it also treated non-service patients, usually those who lived locally. On closure, the hospital became a civilian hospital under the NHS. Although not located on an established RAF Base, RAFH Ely was located within 50 miles (80 km) of forty RAF bases in the Second World War.

text:
# RAF Hospital Ely

**RAF Hospital Ely** (also known as **RAF Ely** and **RAFH Ely**), was a Royal Air Force staffed military hospital in Ely, Cambridgeshire, England. The hospital opened in 1940, and was one of a handful of Second World War era RAF hospitals that were kept open post Second World War, remaining a military asset until 1992, although it also treated non-service patients, usually those who lived locally. On closure, the hospital became a civilian hospital under the NHS. Although not located on an established RAF Base (unlike RAFH Cosford and RAFH Halton), RAFH Ely was located within 50 miles (80 km) of forty RAF bases in the Second World War.

## History

Groundwork for the hospital was started as far back as 1937, although actual construction started in 1939, and by June 1940, the hospital was opened with a capacity of 197 beds. Originally, land on High Barnes Road was allocated for the hospital, but this was moved further north to the road out of Ely to Chettisham. The first part to open was at Littleport, which became an annexe of the Ely Hospital. The facility at Littleport (5 miles (8 km) to the north), was opened hurriedly when on the outbreak of war, the Ely facility was not completed in time.

An August 1940 opening was worked on the basis of the hospital not being complete, however, in terms of the other RAF hospitals, it was quite modern in having air-conditioning and was designed to be blast-proof. An enemy bomber did drop some ordnance near to the hospital in February 1941, killing a guard, and although all the glass in the hospital was smashed, there was no structural damage. Due to many of the East Anglian regiments and Air Force personnel serving in the Far East, Ely hospital became a unit which specialised in tropical diseases. The hospital also had a maxillo-facial unit which opened in June 1942, the first ever in an RAF Hospital, and was staffed by a dental officer who had been specially trained in that area. Selected staff attended the emergency medical section at East Grinstead, which was noted in its pioneering use of plastic surgery on the burns suffered by aircrew. These staff were then returned to their units, with the RAF hospitals at Halton, Rauceby, Cosford and Ely having special burns units. By the time the hospital was running at full-strength, it could cater for over forty RAF stations within a 50 miles (80 km) radius. Many of the patients who were treated at RAFH Ely during the war, were casualties from the nearby Bomber Command bases who had been injured on bombing operations over occupied Europe.

Although no airfield existed at the hospital, in the 1960s a Spitfire aircraft was transported on a low-loader from RAF Middleton-st-George to act as the hospital's gate guardian. This was replaced by a Meteor aircraft. In 1962, nurse training was formalised at Ely and Wroughton hospitals; both female and male nurses would enlist doing six-weeks basic training at RAF Halton camp (not the hospital), and then move to Ely or Wroughton for three years of nursing training. As a post-war service, the hospital also treated non-service personnel from the local area (there was also another hospital, The Tower Hospital, in Ely), and had an accident and emergency unit which was opened in 1963. In 1973, the hospital treated 31,000 outpatients, and 6,000 inpatients, of which, at least 30% were civilian patients. In September 1977, the hospital was given the *Freedom of the City of Ely*. In the late 1970s, it was decided that either the hospital at Nocton Hall or Ely would close, and in 1983 Nocton Hall closed. RAFH Ely accepted the work that was previously undertaken there, having a £4 million refit with two new operating theatres and four new wards.

The number of beds available for in-patients varied over the years, and numbers reflected the necessity (the Second World War) and the diminishing service community.

Bed space numbers
| Year | Beds | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1940 | 400 (included the 250 beds at Littleport) |  |
| 1941 | (315 at Ely, 250 at Littleport) 565 |  |
| 1972 | 175 |  |
| 1980 | 142 |  |
| 1985 | 185 |  |
| 1987 | 168 (65 beds specially reserved for NHS patients) |  |
| 1990 | 137 |  |
| 1992 | 81 |  |

Functions at Ely and Littleport
| Ely | Littleport |
| --- | --- |
| General surgical (major and minor) | NYDN Centre (Not yet diagnosed neuropsychiatric) |
| General medical | Dermatological |
| Orthopaedic | Infectious diseases |
| Burns | Ophthalmic |
| Accident and Emergency (post war civilian use) | Convalescent centre (Surgical and medical) |
|  | Invaliding holding centre |

Both locations had numerous outpatients too. Besides routine medical work, and services to the local community, the hospital continued to provide specialist attention. In 1986, several air crashes resulted in pilots and aircrew being taken to RAFH Ely after ejecting for their aircraft.

Diana, Princess of Wales visited the hospital in July 1987, and unveiled its new name of the *Princess of Wales Royal Air Force Hospital*. In 1989, the hospital treated 13,538 outpatients and 5,652 inpatients. This represented a split of 70% civilian and 30% service personnel.

A closure programme was announced in 1990, with Ely due to go two years later. The site was closed by the RAF in July 1992, but was taken over as an NHS hospital by the local trust as a community hospital. Tower hospital in Ely closed in 1993, and all functions were transferred to the Princess of Wales site. In the 2010s, the hospital was serving 40,000 patients per year.

## Badge

Many RAF hospitals were opened in the Second World War period, due to its location in East Anglia near to the RAF bases of Brampton, Coltishall, Honington, Marham, Swanton Morley, West Raynham, Wattisham, and Wyton, it stayed open until 1992, (though the RAF hospitals at Halton and Wroughton survived it). As such, it was awarded a badge; which displayed a red cross with three Ducal crowns - the red cross denoted the medical help, and the crowns were adopted from the arms of the See of Ely.

The motto of the hospital was *Save*.

## Notable personnel

### Sources

* Mackie, Mary (2001). *Sky wards : a history of the Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service*. London: Robert Hale. ISBN 0-7090-6976-6.
* Rexford-Welch, Samuel Cuthbert (1954). *Royal Air Force Medical Services*. London: HMSO. OCLC 1072173557.

## InfoBox

| RAF Hospital Ely | |
| --- | --- |
| Off-duty nursing sisters with RAF Hospital Ely behind them | |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Ely, Cambridgeshire, England |
| Coordinates | 52°24′47″N 0°16′26″E / 52.413°N 0.274°E / 52.413; 0.274 |
| Organisation | |
| Care system | Military |
| Funding | Government hospital |
| Services | |
| Beds | 150 (1940)<br>168 (1987) |
| History | |
| Construction started | 1939 – 1940 |
| Opened | 1940 |
| Closed | 31 July 1992 |
| Links | |
| Lists | Hospitals in England |


title: Robert Climie

abstract: Robert Climie was a Scottish trade unionist and Labour Party (UK) politician. Robert was born in Kilmarnock, Scotland on 4 January 1868. He was the son of bonnet weaver Mary McGarvie and underground colliery fireman, Robert Climie. He was educated at the local Board School and served his apprenticeship in engineering at the Britannia Works, where he continued to work as a journeyman. Early in his career he became involved in trade union activity and joined the Independent Labour Party (ILP). Despite previously being a Volunteer Sergeant in the Royal Scots Fusiliers, when he became involved in socialist politics he opposed the Boer War and spoke out regularly against it at the ILP's outdoor meetings from 1899–1902. He was first elected as a local councillor for the ILP in 1905 and served for many years, with particular interest in public health and housing. As a nominee of Ayrshire Trades Council, he was a member of the Scottish Trades Union Congress's Parliamentary Committee from 1910 to 1918 and from 1920 to 1923, and was Secretary to the Committee in 1914. He was elected to Parliament at the 1923 general election as Member of Parliament (MP) for Kilmarnock, having unsuccessfully contested the seat in 1922. He was narrowly defeated at the 1924 general election, but won the seat back again at the general election in May 1929. However, he was already in poor health by this time and he died in office later that year, aged 61. He was survived by his wife, Jeannie McIldowie Meikle, herself an active Labour Party worker, six sons and a daughter. He was an excellent speaker and formidable debater. In an obituary in the Kilmarnock Standard, 1929, he is described as......a small man of medium build, with dark hair and moustache, blue eyes and a fresh complexion. He was moderate in all things, always hard-working in the labour cause and a lifelong supporter of Ramsay MacDonald. Climie was teetotal although never formally attached to the temperance movement. In Kilmarnock, Scotland there is a street, "Climie Place" named in his memory.

text:
# Robert Climie

**Robert Climie** (4 January 1868 – 3 October 1929) was a Scottish trade unionist and Labour Party (UK) politician.

Robert was born in Kilmarnock, Scotland on 4 January 1868. He was the son of bonnet weaver Mary McGarvie and underground colliery fireman, Robert Climie. He was educated at the local Board School and served his apprenticeship in engineering at the Britannia Works, where he continued to work as a journeyman. Early in his career he became involved in trade union activity and joined the Independent Labour Party (ILP). Despite previously being a Volunteer Sergeant in the Royal Scots Fusiliers, when he became involved in socialist politics he opposed the Boer War and spoke out regularly against it at the ILP's outdoor meetings from 1899–1902. He was first elected as a local councillor for the ILP in 1905 and served for many years, with particular interest in public health and housing.

As a nominee of Ayrshire Trades Council, he was a member of the Scottish Trades Union Congress's Parliamentary Committee from 1910 to 1918 and from 1920 to 1923, and was Secretary to the Committee in 1914.

He was elected to Parliament at the 1923 general election as Member of Parliament (MP) for Kilmarnock, having unsuccessfully contested the seat in 1922.

He was narrowly defeated at the 1924 general election, but won the seat back again at the general election in May 1929. However, he was already in poor health by this time and he died in office later that year, aged 61. He was survived by his wife, Jeannie McIldowie Meikle, herself an active Labour Party worker, six sons and a daughter.

He was an excellent speaker and formidable debater. In an obituary in the Kilmarnock Standard, 1929, he is described as...

> ...a small man of medium build, with dark hair and moustache, blue eyes and a fresh complexion. He was moderate in all things, always hard-working in the labour cause and a lifelong supporter of Ramsay MacDonald. Climie was teetotal although never formally attached to the temperance movement.

In Kilmarnock, Scotland there is a street, "Climie Place" named in his memory.

* Craig, F. W. S. (1983) \[1969\]. *British parliamentary election results 1918-1949* (3rd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. ISBN 0-900178-06-X.
* Historical list of MPs: K (part 2)<sup>\[usurped\]</sup>


title: Robert Clinton (British lawyer)

abstract: Robert George Clinton, CVO, is a noted British lawyer. He was a senior partner with Farrer & Co, the solicitors between 2002 and 2008, and continues to act as one of their consultants. His main areas of expertise include reputation and issue management for individuals, institutions and corporates. In the 2008 Birthday Honours Clinton was appointed Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO). He also acts as a trustee to the Tony Blair Faith Foundation, to the Cherie Blair Foundation for Women and as a Director of Early Resolution, a non-profit endeavor offering claimants and defendants a chance to resolve key issues in libel disputes.

text:
# Robert Clinton (British lawyer)

**Robert George Clinton**, CVO, is a noted British lawyer. He was a senior partner with Farrer & Co, the solicitors between 2002 and 2008, and continues to act as one of their consultants. His main areas of expertise include reputation and issue management for individuals, institutions and corporates. In the 2008 Birthday Honours Clinton was appointed Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO). He also acts as a trustee to the Tony Blair Faith Foundation, to the Cherie Blair Foundation for Women and as a Director of Early Resolution, a non-profit endeavor offering claimants and defendants a chance to resolve key issues in libel disputes.


title: Kaare Klint

abstract: Kaare Klint was a Danish architect and furniture designer, known as the father of modern Danish furniture design. His style was epitomized by clean, pure lines, use of the best materials of his time and superb craftsmanship. He was the son of the equally influential architect Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint whose monumental Grundtvig's Church he completed after his father's death in 1930.

text:
# Kaare Klint

**Kaare Klint** (15 December 1888  28 March 1954) was a Danish architect and furniture designer, known as the father of modern Danish furniture design. His style was epitomized by clean, pure lines, use of the best materials of his time and superb craftsmanship.

He was the son of the equally influential architect Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint whose monumental Grundtvig's Church he completed after his father's death in 1930.

## Early life and education

Kaare Klint was born on 15 December 1888 in the Frederiksberg district of Copenhagen, the son of Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint, then a struggling painter about to abandon his artistic career in place of a more secure career in architecture.

Klint apprenticed as a furniture maker in Kalundborg and Copenhagen from 1893 and took classes at technical school in Copenhagen, Jens Møller-Jensens furniture school, and the Artists' Studio Schools under Johan Rohde. He was then articled to Carl Petersen and was also taught the architectural trade by his father, who had completed his first architectural project in 1896.

## Design career

In 1914, Klint designed his first piece of furniture, the Faaborg Chair, for Carl Petersen's Faaborg Museum  in 1914. He went on to create furniture and fittings for a number of other museums.

From 1921 to 1926 he was responsible for the conversion of Frederiks Hospital into the Danish Museum of Art & Design together with Thorkild Henningsen and Ivar Bentsen. In 1927 he also created a chair in mahogany for the museum which was inspired by English 18th-century chairs.

Klint's carefully researched furniture designs are based on functionality, proportions adapted to the human body, craftsmanship, and the use of high-quality materials. Notable examples of his work include the Propeller Stool (1927), the Safari Chair and the Deck Chair (both 1933), the Church Chair (1936), and the Circle Bed (1938) featuring curved sides and rounded ends, with hand-woven textiles by Lis Ahlmann.

He founded the furniture school at the Royal Academy in 1924. As a result, Klint had a strong influence on Danish furniture, inspiring designers such as Poul Kjærholm and Børge Mogensen.

He also designed textiles, lamps, and organs.

## Completion of his father's unfinished works

After his father's death in 1930, Kaare Klint completed his monumental Grundtvig's Church in Copenhagen. Construction had started in 1921 but was not completed until 1940. He also designed the Bethlehem Church, also in Copenhagen, on the basis of his father's sketches. It was built from 1935 to 1937.

## Awards and distinctions

## Notable designs

| Image | Name and Description | Original Manufacturer (Current) | Year |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Faaborg Chair** (KK-96620) | Rud. Rasmussen (Carl Hansen & Søn) | 1914 |
|  | **Thorvaldsen Chair** The chair was created for Thorvaldsens Museum in Copenhagen in 1922. |  | 1922 |
|  | **Mix Chair** (KK43960) |  | 1930 |
|  | **Safari Chair** (KK47000) | (\[Carl Hansen & Co.) | 1933 |
|  | **Red Chair** (KK-47510) | Rud. Rasmussen | 1933 |
|  | **Church Chair** | Fritz Hansen Eftf and Bernstorffsminde Møbelfabrik A/S | 1936 |
|  | **Spherical Bed** | Rud. Rasmussen | 1936 |
|  | **Barcelona Chair** (KK-3758) | Rud. Rasmussen | 1940 |
|

## Literature

* Harkær, Gorm: *Kaare Klint*, 2010, Copenhagen: Klintiana, Vol 1: 660 p., Vol 2: 160 p. ISBN 978-87-994184-2-8.

## InfoBox

| Kaare Klint architect and furniture designer | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1888-12-15)15 December 1888<br>Frederiksberg, Copenhagen |
| Died | 28 March 1954(1954-03-28) (aged 65) |
| Nationality | Danish |
| Occupation | Architect |
| Awards | C. F. Hansen Medal (1954) |
|  | |
| Buildings | Bethlehem Church |
|  | |


title: Kadono Ikunoshin

abstract: Kadono Ikunoshin was a Japanese samurai and businessman. He has a younger brother Kadono Jūkurō who was a Japanese railway engineer, businessman, and the Chairman of Ōkura Gumi.

text:
# Kadono Ikunoshin

**Kadono Ikunoshin** (門野幾之進, 1856 – 1938) was a Japanese samurai and businessman. He has a younger brother Kadono Jūkurō (1867 - 1958) who was a Japanese railway engineer, businessman, and the Chairman of Ōkura Gumi (1914 - 1937).

## Career

In 1904, Kadono founded Chiyoda Mutual Life Insurance Company (*Chiyoda Seimei Hoken*). It was the first in Japan with an American structure. In 1906, he was a founder of Chiyoda Fire Insurance (*Chiyoda Kasai Hoken*).


title: 1980 Player's Canadian Open

abstract: The 1980 Player's International Canadian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the National Tennis Centre in Toronto in Canada that was part of the 1980 Volvo Grand Prix and of the 1980 WTA Tour. The tournament was held from August 11 through August 17, 1980.

text:
# 1980 Player's Canadian Open

The **1980 Player's International Canadian Open** was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the National Tennis Centre in Toronto in Canada that was part of the 1980 Volvo Grand Prix and of the 1980 WTA Tour. The tournament was held from August 11 through August 17, 1980.

## Finals

### Men's singles

Ivan Lendl defeated  Björn Borg 4–6, 5–4 retired

* It was Lendl's 2nd singles title of the year and of his career.

### Women's singles

Chris Evert-Lloyd defeated  Virginia Ruzici 6–3, 6–1

* It was Evert-Lloyd's 4th title of the year and the 101st of her career.

### Men's doubles

Bruce Manson /  Brian Teacher defeated  Heinz Günthardt /  Sandy Mayer 6–3, 3–6, 6–4

* It was Manson's 1st title of the year and the 3rd of his career. It was Teacher's 3rd title of the year and the 8th of his career.

### Women's doubles

Andrea Jaeger /  Regina Maršíková defeated  Ann Kiyomura /  Betsy Nagelsen 6–1, 6–3

* It was Jaeger's 1st title of the year and the 1st of her career. It was Maršíková's 1st title of the year and the 6th of her career.

## InfoBox

| 1980 Player's Canadian Open | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | August 11–17 |
| Edition | 91st |
| Surface | Hard / outdoor |
| Location | Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Venue | National Tennis Centre |
| Champions | |
| Men's singles | |
| Ivan Lendl | |
| Women's singles | |
| Chris Evert-Lloyd | |
| Men's doubles | |
| Bruce Manson /  Brian Teacher | |
| Women's doubles | |
| Andrea Jaeger /  Regina Maršíková | |
|  | |


title: 1982 Avon Championships of Washington

abstract: The 1982 Avon Championships of Washington was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts (Sporteze) at the GWU Charles Smith Center and the Capital Centre in Washington D.C., District of Columbia in the United States that was part of the 1982 Avon Championships Circuit. It was the ninth edition of the tournament and was held from January 4 through January 11, 1982. Second-seeded Martina Navratilova won the singles title and earned $40,000 first-prize money.

text:
# 1982 Avon Championships of Washington

The **1982 Avon Championships of Washington** was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts (Sporteze) at the GWU Charles Smith Center and the Capital Centre in Washington D.C., District of Columbia in the United States that was part of the 1982 Avon Championships Circuit. It was the ninth edition of the tournament and was held from January 4 through January 11, 1982. Second-seeded Martina Navratilova won the singles title and earned $40,000 first-prize money.

## Finals

### Singles

Martina Navratilova defeated  Anne Smith 6–2, 6–3

* It was Navratilova's first singles title of the year and the 56th of her career.

### Doubles

Kathy Jordan /  Anne Smith defeated  Martina Navratilova /  Pam Shriver 6–2, 3–6, 6–1

## Prize money

| **Event** | **W** | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Singles | $40,000 | $20,000 | $9,900 | $4,800 | $2,500 | $1,350 |

## InfoBox

| 1982 Avon Championships of Washington | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | January 4–11 |
| Edition | 9th |
| Category | Virginia Slims circuit |
| Draw | 32S / 16D |
| Prize money | $200,000 |
| Surface | Carpet / indoor |
| Location | Washington D.C., U.S.
Landover, Maryland, U.S. |
| Venue | GWU Charles Smith Center
Capital Centre |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Martina Navratilova | |
| Doubles | |
| Kathy Jordan /  Anne Smith | |
|  | |


title: Robert Gwiazdowski

abstract: Robert Gwiazdowski is a Polish habilitated doctor of jurisprudence and economist. He studied law on the University of Warsaw. In 2004, he was appointed president of the Adam Smith Centre. From 2006 to 2007 he was the head of supervisory board of Social Insurance Institution, a Polish state organization responsible for social insurance matters. He authored books on economics and taxes. He is a supporter of the free market, criticizes socialism on the ground that it is an ineffective and unjust economical system and advocates lowering taxes as a way of incentivizing the entrepreneurs to set up new businesses. He is a specialist in the history of political thought and from time to time appears in various television programmes.

text:
# Robert Gwiazdowski

**Robert Gwiazdowski** (born 23 March 1960) is a Polish habilitated doctor of jurisprudence and economist. He studied law on the University of Warsaw. In 2004, he was appointed president of the Adam Smith Centre. From 2006 to 2007 he was the head of supervisory board of Social Insurance Institution, a Polish state organization responsible for social insurance matters. He authored books on economics and taxes. He is a supporter of the free market, criticizes socialism on the ground that it is an ineffective and unjust economical system and advocates lowering taxes as a way of incentivizing the entrepreneurs to set up new businesses. He is a specialist in the history of political thought and from time to time appears in various television programmes.


title: Kady Faulkner

abstract: Kady Faulkner (1901–1977) was an American muralist, painter and art instructor who gained recognition in the middle of the 20th century. Her works are in the permanent collections of the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, and the Great Plains Art Museum, as well as others. She was selected to work on the United States post office murals project of the U.S. Treasury during the New Deal and completed a mural for the Valentine, Nebraska post office. A mosaic by Faulkner in Kenosha, Wisconsin adorns the former bakery on the Kemper Hall grounds. She was an associate professor of Art at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln between 1930 and 1950 and then instructed headed the Art Department at Kemper Hall until her retirement.

text:
# Kady Faulkner

**Kady Faulkner** (1901–1977) was an American muralist, painter and art instructor who gained recognition in the middle of the 20th century. Her works are in the permanent collections of the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, and the Great Plains Art Museum, as well as others. She was selected to work on the United States post office murals project of the U.S. Treasury during the New Deal and completed a mural for the Valentine, Nebraska post office. A mosaic by Faulkner in Kenosha, Wisconsin adorns the former bakery on the Kemper Hall grounds. She was an associate professor of Art at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln between 1930 and 1950 and then instructed headed the Art Department at Kemper Hall until her retirement.

## Early life

Katherine Burnap Faulkner was born on June 23, 1901, in Syracuse, New York, to Margaret and Philip Faulkner. The family were related to the founders of the Simmons Mattress Company. She was the eldest of two daughters and contracted polio at a young age. After her recovery from the disease, she earned a BA from Syracuse University in 1925. Faulkner went on to continue studies at The Art Students League of New York for two years and then in 1928 studied at the Grand Central School of Art. That same year, she began studying at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln (UNL).

## Career

In 1930, Faulkner began instructing drawing and painting at UNL. She continued her own training, studying with Hans Hofmann in New York City in 1933 and with Boardman Robinson from the Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center and fresco muralist Henry Varnum Poor, working each summer until she completed her master's degree from Syracuse University. Throughout the 1930s and 1940s Faulkner exhibited at numerous galleries, gaining membership in the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors in 1936 based upon four works submitted to the association for review. Her painting *Prairie Farm* was included in the organization's annual show that year. She participated in exhibitions in Dallas, Denver, Kansas City, New York City, Philadelphia and Syracuse and several shows with the Lincoln Artists Guild, including her works *American Vacation*, *Dustbowl*, *Georgetown* and *Lost in the Forest*. *Dustbowl* was featured in *Art News Magazine* in January 1938 and*Georgetown* won honorable mention in a Lincoln show in 1939. After competing for the New Deal post office competition of the Treasury Department's Section of Painting and Sculpture for Dallas, Faulkner was awarded the commission for Valentine, Nebraska. In 1939, she finished *End of the Trail*, her mural for the Valentine, Nebraska post office. The painting is a tempera panel, representing goods arriving via train and being offloaded into wagons for settlers' use.

Faulkner completed murals for two churches in Nebraska and at the building housing the student union at UNL, before resigning from UNL in 1950. That same year, she accepted a position as head of the Art Department at a private Episcopalian boarding school, Kemper Hall in Kenosha, Wisconsin. Faulkner completed a mural for the chapel altar in Racine, Wisconsin for the DeKoven Foundation and in 1962, Faulkner designed a mosaic for the wall of the former bakery building on the Kemper campus. The building had been used by the Episcopalian Sisters of St. Mary, who had founded the school, to produce communion wafers. The proceeds of the wafers paid the expenses for the order and were sold internationally. The mosaic is 12 feet tall and 30 feet in length, depicting in three sections, the wine, the bread and the ingredients of the Eucharist. Though the school closed in 1975, it was preserved as a cultural center, with many of the buildings being restored. The bakery building was renamed in honor of Faulkner. In 2013, the Kenosha Historic Preservation Commission recommended that the mosaic be listed in the National Registry. Faulkner retired from Kemper in 1972, but continued to teach oil and watercolor classes after her retirement through the late 1970s.

Faulkner died 7 May 1977 in Kenosha, Wisconsin.

## Legacy

In 1972, a scholarship was established in her name by the Greater Kenosha Arts Council. She has works in the permanent collections of the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, the Museum of Nebraska Art and the Great Plains Art Museum, as well as others.

### Citations

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Kady Faulkner | |
| --- | --- |
| circa 1977 | |
| Born | Katherine Burnap Faulkner
(1901-06-23)June 23, 1901
Syracuse, New York |
| Died | May 7, 1977(1977-05-07) (aged 75)
Kenosha, Wisconsin |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation(s) | artist, art instructor |
| Years active | 1930-1972 |


title: Robert Dietz Farmhouse

abstract: The Robert Dietz Farmhouse is a historic house in the North Valley of Albuquerque, New Mexico. It was originally a one-story farmhouse built in 1914 by Robert Dietz, a native of Syracuse, New York, who moved to Albuquerque in 1910 like many others seeking treatment for tuberculosis. A second story was added in 1928, turning the building into a "grand home". The Dietz family lived and farmed there until the 1940s. It was listed on the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties in 1983 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The Dietz house is a two-story stuccoed frame building aligned along a north–south axis. The house design is a vernacular adaptation of Prairie School architecture, with a low, overhanging hip roof, and sash windows arranged in bands surrounded by wooden trim to "create an impression of horizontality". The house has over 100 windows in total. A stable on the property is also included in the National Register listing.

text:
# Robert Dietz Farmhouse

The **Robert Dietz Farmhouse** is a historic house in the North Valley of Albuquerque, New Mexico. It was originally a one-story farmhouse built in 1914 by Robert Dietz, a native of Syracuse, New York, who moved to Albuquerque in 1910 like many others seeking treatment for tuberculosis. A second story was added in 1928, turning the building into a "grand home". The Dietz family lived and farmed there until the 1940s. It was listed on the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties in 1983 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

The Dietz house is a two-story stuccoed frame building aligned along a north–south axis. The house design is a vernacular adaptation of Prairie School architecture, with a low, overhanging hip roof, and sash windows arranged in bands surrounded by wooden trim to "create an impression of horizontality". The house has over 100 windows in total. A stable on the property is also included in the National Register listing.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Robert Dietz Farmhouse | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| NM State Register of Cultural Properties | |
|  | |
| Dietz Farmhouse, 2010 | |
|  | |
| Location | 4117 Rio Grande Blvd. NW,<br>Albuquerque, New Mexico |
| Coordinates | 35°8′23″N 106°40′44″W / 35.13972°N 106.67889°W / 35.13972; -106.67889 |
| Built | 1914 |
| Architectural style | Prairie School |
| NRHP reference No. | 84002852 |
| NMSRCP No. | 946 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | February 9, 1984 |
| Designated NMSRCP | August 25, 1983 |


title: Robert L. Emerson

abstract: Robert L. Emerson is a Democratic politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. He was member of the Michigan Senate having served as the Democratic minority leader. He represented the 27th district in Genesee County, which encompasses the city of Flint.

text:
# Robert L. Emerson

**Robert L. Emerson** (born March 23, 1948) is a Democratic politician from the U.S. state of Michigan.

He was member of the Michigan Senate having served as the Democratic minority leader. He represented the 27th district in Genesee County, which encompasses the city of Flint.

## Biography

Emerson was born in Alpena on March 23, 1948. He graduated from St. Paul Catholic Seminary and attended Wayne State University and the University of Michigan. After moving to Flint in 1969, Emerson was employed by General Motors. He was elected to the Michigan State House of Representatives in 1980. After serving eighteen consecutive years in the State House, he served two four-year terms in the State Senate.

During this time he took on roles such as the Senate minority leader and Democratic floor leader. Additionally, he served as co-chairman of the School Aid Appropriations Subcommittee and chairman of the Public Health Appropriations Subcommittee. Emerson has been actively involved in issues regarding education, health, and labor legislation over the course of his career.

In January 2007, Emerson was appointed by Governor Jennifer Granholm as her next budget director.

On September 30, 2011, Michigan Governor Rick Snyder appointed an eight-member state review team for the City of Flint including Emerson. Senator Emerson is married to Judy Samelson (CEO of the Early Childhood Investment Corporation) and is the father of four children.

## InfoBox

| The HonorableRobert L. Emerson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Michigan Budget Director | |
| **In office**
January 3, 2007  December 31, 2010 | |
| Preceded by | Mary A. Lannoye |
| Succeeded by | John E. Nixon |
| Member of the Michigan Senate | |
| **In office**
January 1, 1999  December 31, 2006 | |
| Preceded by | Joe Conroy |
| Succeeded by | John J. Gleason |
| Constituency | 29th district (1999-2002)
29th district (2003-2006) |
| Member of the Michigan House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
November 4, 1980  December 31, 1998 | |
| Preceded by | Mark Clodfelter |
| Succeeded by | Jack Minore |
| Constituency | 81st district (1980-1992)
49th district (1993-1998) |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1948-03-23) March 23, 1948
Alpena, Michigan |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Alma mater | University of Michigan |
|  | |


title: Robert L. Fantz

abstract: Robert Lowell Fantz (1925–1981) was an American developmental psychologist who pioneered several studies into infant perception. In particular, the preferential looking paradigm introduced by Fantz in the 1961 is widely used in cognitive development and categorization studies among small babies. Working at the Case Western Reserve University, Fantz introduced in 1961 the visual preference paradigm - showing that infants look longer at patterned images rather than uniform images. An innovation in this task was the measurement of the duration of the infant gaze rather than just the direction of first gaze. In 1964, Fantz extended this idea to habituation situations, to show that over multiple exposures to the same and a different image, the infant gradually exhibited a preference for the novel stimulus. The researcher could now estimate an infant's discriminatory and perceptual capability by showing different images in highly controlled situations, often within a stagelike box, and observing which changes in the scenarios the infant would perceive as novel. The American Psychological Foundation has instituted the annual Robert Fantz Memorial Award for research in "perceptual-cognitive development and the development of selective attention"; and also "development of individuality, creativity, and free-choice of behavior."

text:
# Robert L. Fantz

**Robert Lowell Fantz** (1925–1981) was an American developmental psychologist who pioneered several studies into infant perception. In particular, the preferential looking paradigm introduced by Fantz in the 1961 is widely used in cognitive development and categorization studies among small babies.

Working at the Case Western Reserve University, Fantz introduced in 1961 the visual preference paradigm - showing that infants look longer at patterned (e.g. checkered) images rather than uniform images. An innovation in this task was the measurement of the duration of the infant gaze rather than just the direction of first gaze. In 1964, Fantz extended this idea to habituation situations, to show that over multiple exposures to the same and a different image, the infant gradually exhibited a preference for the novel stimulus. The researcher could now estimate an infant's discriminatory and perceptual capability by showing different images in highly controlled situations, often within a stagelike box, and observing which changes in the scenarios the infant would perceive as novel.

The American Psychological Foundation has instituted the annual Robert Fantz Memorial Award for research in "perceptual-cognitive development and the development of selective attention"; and also "development of individuality, creativity, and free-choice of behavior."


title: Robert L. Echols

abstract: Robert Lynn Echols is a former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee.

text:
# Robert L. Echols

**Robert Lynn Echols** (born January 13, 1941) is a former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee.

## Early life, education and military service

Born in Memphis, Tennessee, Echols received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Southwestern College (now Rhodes College) in Memphis in 1962 and a Juris Doctor from the University of Tennessee College of Law in 1964. He was in the United States Army in 1966. He served for 35 years in both the United States Army Reserves and the Army National Guard retiring as a brigadier general in 2001. His last assignment in the military was commander of the 30th Troop Command of the Tennessee Army National Guard.

## Career

Echols was a law clerk to Judge Marion S. Boyd of the United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee from 1965 to 1966. He was a legislative assistant for Congressman Dan Kuykendall in the United States House of Representatives from 1967 to 1969. He was in private practice in Nashville, Tennessee from 1969 to 1992, serving as a night commissioner for Davidson County, Tennessee from 1974 to 1975.

On October 22, 1991, Echols was nominated by President George H. W. Bush to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee created by 104 Stat. 5089. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 13, 1992, and received his commission on March 18, 1992. He served as Chief Judge from 1998 to 2005, assuming senior status on March 1, 2007, and retiring fully from the bench on July 31, 2010.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Robert Lynn Echols | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee | |
| **In office**
March 1, 2007  July 31, 2010 | |
| Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee | |
| **In office**
1998–2005 | |
| Preceded by | John Trice Nixon |
| Succeeded by | Todd J. Campbell |
| Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee | |
| **In office**
March 18, 1992  March 1, 2007 | |
| Appointed by | George H. W. Bush |
| Preceded by | *Seat established by 104 Stat. 5089* |
| Succeeded by | Kevin H. Sharp |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Robert Lynn Echols
(1941-01-13) January 13, 1941
Memphis, Tennessee |
| Education | Rhodes College (BA)
University of Tennessee College of Law (JD) |
|  | |


title: Kachhua Sanctuary

abstract:
Kachhua Sanctuary is in Varanasi district in Uttar Pradesh, India. Turtles, the Ganges dolphin and other water animals can be found here. Location 8 km from railway station, spread over the 7 km stretch of River Ganges from Rajghat to Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Distances 28 km from Babatpur (Varanasi) Airport, by road - Lucknow- Varanasi via Sultanpur-285 km, Via Pratapgarh 302, via Ayodhya 323 km. One can contact the Office of Warden, Turtle Wild Life Sanctuary, Sarnath, Varanasi. Best season - (October–June) Attractions: Nature and wildlife How to reach: Can be accessed by boat through the riverfront of Varanasi Turtle Sanctuary was declared on 21 December 1989.
In order to check this biological pollution and to make River Ganges free of pollutants, Ganga Action Plan (GAP) Phase I, has started in the year 1986 by the Govt. of India, with a turtle breeding project with its breeding centre at Sarnath where turtles are hatched and reared for one to one and half year and then are left into River Ganges to remove the bio-pollutants like partly cremated and dead bodies directly thrown in the river. The eggs of these turtles are specially procured from river Chambal. Around 2000 turtles are released annually in the river. Between 1987 and 2010 around 33,356 turtles were released in the River Ganges by the Kashi Wildlife Division's tortoise breeding centre, Sarnath.
To protect these turtles and secure their habitat Kachhua Sanctuary, spreading over seven km from Rajghat to Ramnagar Fort, was declared Wildlife Protection Zone, under U.P. Govt. Order under the provisions of the Wildlife Protection Act 1972, after launching the Ganga Action Plan (GAP). The existence of motor boats and sand mining in the protected zone of the sanctuary is prohibited, as turtles lay eggs in the sand of the river banks.
The Turtle Sanctuary has its own importance to clean the water. In the Kachhua (Turtle) Sanctuary mainly Nilssonia gangetica, Lissemys punctata, Chitra indica which are carnivorous species and hard-shelled herbivorous turtles - Geoclemys hamiltonii, Pangshura tentoria, Batagur dhongoka are in abundance. Rohu, bhakur, tengra, prawn, nain, bam etc. fish are also found in the sanctuary. Gangetic dolphin can also be seen especially during rainy season here. Turtles and all other aquatic species are conserved/ protected and efforts are being made to increase their population in this sanctuary. Fishing and any attempt to tamper with the habitat of the animals found in the sanctuary has been declared a cognizable offence in this stretch of the River Ganges, under 1972 Act.
The sanctuary will most probably be denotified to make way for the government's ambitious Haldia-Varanasi Inland Waterways Project along the Ganga. The project requires dredging of the river, which can not be done as long as the sanctuary exists. Incidentally, one of the objectives of declaring this area as a sanctuary was to conserve the Nilssonia gangetica, a carnivorous turtle abundant in this region, which helped in scavenging half burnt corpses dumped in this section of the river and eventually aided in cleaning the river and improve water quality.

text:
# Kachhua Sanctuary

**Kachhua Sanctuary** is in Varanasi district in Uttar Pradesh, India. Turtles, the Ganges dolphin and other water animals can be found here.

Location 8 km from railway station, spread over the 7 km stretch of River Ganges from Rajghat to Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India Distances 28 km from Babatpur (Varanasi) Airport, by road - Lucknow- Varanasi via Sultanpur-285 km, Via Pratapgarh 302, via Ayodhya 323 km. One can contact the Office of Warden, Turtle Wild Life Sanctuary, Sarnath, Varanasi. Best season - (October–June)

Attractions: Nature and wildlife

How to reach: Can be accessed by boat through the riverfront of Varanasi

Turtle Sanctuary was declared on 21 December 1989. In order to check this biological pollution and to make River Ganges free of pollutants, Ganga Action Plan (GAP) Phase I, has started in the year 1986 by the Govt. of India, with a turtle breeding project with its breeding centre at Sarnath where turtles (both herbivores and carnivores) are hatched and reared for one to one and half year and then are left into River Ganges to remove the bio-pollutants like partly cremated and dead bodies directly thrown in the river. The eggs of these turtles are specially procured from river Chambal. Around 2000 turtles are released annually in the river. Between 1987 and 2010 around 33,356 turtles were released in the River Ganges by the Kashi Wildlife Division's tortoise breeding centre, Sarnath. To protect these turtles and secure their habitat Kachhua Sanctuary, spreading over seven km from Rajghat (Malviya Rail Road Bridge) to Ramnagar Fort, was declared Wildlife Protection Zone, under U.P. Govt. Order (No. 4170/04-3-62/89 dated 21-12-1989) under the provisions of the Wildlife Protection Act 1972, after launching the Ganga Action Plan (GAP). The existence of motor boats and sand mining in the protected zone of the sanctuary is prohibited, as turtles lay eggs in the sand of the river banks. The Turtle Sanctuary has its own importance to clean the water.

In the Kachhua (Turtle) Sanctuary mainly *Nilssonia gangetica*, *Lissemys punctata*, *Chitra indica* (soft-shelled turtles) which are carnivorous species and hard-shelled herbivorous turtles - *Geoclemys hamiltonii*, *Pangshura tentoria*, *Batagur dhongoka* are in abundance. Rohu, bhakur, tengra, prawn, nain, bam etc. fish are also found in the sanctuary. Gangetic dolphin can also be seen especially during rainy season here. Turtles and all other aquatic species are conserved/ protected and efforts are being made to increase their population in this sanctuary.

Fishing and any attempt to tamper with the habitat of the animals found in the sanctuary has been declared a cognizable offence in this stretch of the River Ganges, under 1972 Act. The sanctuary will most probably be denotified to make way for the government's ambitious Haldia-Varanasi Inland Waterways Project along the Ganga. The project requires dredging of the river, which can not be done as long as the sanctuary exists. Incidentally, one of the objectives of declaring this area as a sanctuary was to conserve the *Nilssonia gangetica*, a carnivorous turtle abundant in this region, which helped in scavenging half burnt corpses dumped in this section of the river and eventually aided in cleaning the river and improve water quality.

25°16′48″N 83°00′58″E / 25.280°N 83.016°E / 25.280; 83.016

## InfoBox

| Kachhua Wildlife Sanctuary | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Varanasi district |
| Established | 21 December 1989 (1989-12-21) |


title: Robert L. Brock

abstract: Robert Lee Brock was an American businessman. He was born in Pawnee Rock, Kansas, and graduated from Sterling High School and the University of Kansas, where he was a member of Tau Kappa Epsilon Fraternity. He started "Inn Operations" with a friend and sold it to Holiday Inns, Inc., to manage "Topeka Inn Management". As chairman of TIM, the first and at the time largest franchisee of Holiday Inns, he founded ShowBiz Pizza Place in 1980 in Topeka, Kansas after becoming a Pizza Time Theatre franchisee. He also started The Residence Inn line of hotels with Jack DeBoer. Marriott later bought the brand and renamed all locations "Residence Inn by Marriott". ShowBiz Pizza Place Inc. later superseded Pizza Time Theatre Inc. after SPP bought the PTT assets and intellectual property in 1984. All SPP stores were renamed Chuck E. Cheese's by 1994. In 1998 ShowBiz Pizza Place Inc. was renamed CEC Entertainment Inc., and continues to do business under this name. He died on June 7, 1998 in Dallas, Texas.

text:
# Robert L. Brock

**Robert Lee Brock** (December 27, 1924  June 7, 1998) was an American businessman. He was born in Pawnee Rock, Kansas, and graduated from Sterling High School and the University of Kansas, where he was a member of Tau Kappa Epsilon Fraternity.

He started "Inn Operations" with a friend and sold it to Holiday Inns, Inc., to manage "Topeka Inn Management". As chairman of TIM (later renamed Brock Hotel Corporation), the first and at the time largest franchisee of Holiday Inns, he founded ShowBiz Pizza Place in 1980 in Topeka, Kansas after becoming a Pizza Time Theatre franchisee. He also started The Residence Inn line of hotels with Jack DeBoer. Marriott later bought the brand and renamed all locations "Residence Inn by Marriott".

ShowBiz Pizza Place Inc. later superseded Pizza Time Theatre Inc. after SPP bought the PTT assets and intellectual property in 1984. All SPP stores were renamed Chuck E. Cheese's by 1994. In 1998 ShowBiz Pizza Place Inc. was renamed CEC Entertainment Inc., and continues to do business under this name.

He died on June 7, 1998 in Dallas, Texas.

## InfoBox

| Robert L. Brock | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1924-12-27)December 27, 1924
Pawnee Rock, Kansas, U.S |
| Died | June 7, 1998(1998-06-07) (aged 73)
Dallas, Texas, U.S |
| Occupation | Businessman |
| Known for | Founding of ShowBiz Pizza Place |
| Political party | Democratic |


title: Forbidden Daughters

abstract: Forbidden Daughters is a 1927 American silent black & white short erotic-drama film directed by prominent nude photographer Albert Arthur Allen. This is the only known movie directed by Allen who, otherwise, was famous by his work as a photographer of nude female models.

text:
# Forbidden Daughters

***Forbidden Daughters*** is a 1927 American silent black & white short erotic-drama film directed by prominent nude photographer Albert Arthur Allen. This is the only known movie directed by Allen who, otherwise, was famous by his work as a photographer of nude female models.

## Plot

Alva receives news from her long-lost husband, Russell, and goes to Africa in search of him. There, she finds that her husband is being "held prisoner" by a naked native princess, called Loma. Now, in order to bring Russell back home, Alva must show that she's better than the princess.

## Cast

* Clarice Conwell
* Gladys DeLores
* Kathryn Kay
* Ralph O'Brien

## InfoBox

| Forbidden Daughters | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Directed by | Albert Arthur Allen |
| Starring | * Clarice Conwell * Gladys DeLores * Kathryn Kay * Ralph O'Brien |
| Distributed by | Something Weird Video (2002) (USA) (DVD) |
| Release date | * 1927 (1927) |
| Running time | 13 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | Silent (English subtitles) |


title: Robert Lacoste

abstract: Robert Lacoste was a French politician. He was a socialist MP of the Dordogne from 1945 to 1958, and from 1962 to 1967. He then served as senator from 1971 to 1980.

text:
# Robert Lacoste

**Robert Lacoste** (5 July 1898 – 8 March 1989) was a French politician. He was a socialist MP of the Dordogne from 1945 to 1958, and from 1962 to 1967. He then served as senator from 1971 to 1980.

## Biography

Robert Lacoste was born at Azerat (Dordogne). He studied at the law school in Paris, and became a civil servant and CGT trade unionist. He participated in the resistance. In 1944, he was Joint Delegate General of the French Committee of National Liberation for occupied France, and become minister for industrial production in the provisional government of general De Gaulle. A member of both houses of parliament, and socialist MP for the Dordogne, he was Minister of Industry until 1950. He was Minister of Finance and the Economy in 1956.

After Guy Mollet's visit to Algeria, greeted by *colons* (French-Algerian colonists) throwing tomatoes at him, Lacoste replaced general Catroux in February 1956, becoming resident minister and governor general of Algeria. He remained the minister of Algeria until May 1958. A proponent of forceful action, he played a principal role in the Algerian War. He also promoted accelerated social and economic programmes, highlighted by his efforts to "Algerianise" the administration. He increased Algeria's *départements* to twelve and drafted the *Loi Cadre* (enabling or framework law) designed to enhance internal autonomy and Muslim representation.

He sat in the National Assembly once more from 1962 to 1967. From 1971 to 1980, he was elected socialist senator of the Dordogne, assuming from 1974 to 1979 the vice-presidency of the regional council of Aquitaine. President of the superior council of electricity and gas of France in 1950, he was mayor of Azerat until 1983. He died, aged 90, at Périgueux.

## Governmental Positions

He was Secretary General of Industrial Production from 26 August to 4 September 1944 and then Minister of Industrial Production from 10 September 1944 to 11 August 1947, also serving as Minister of Work and Social Security (temporary) under the government of Paul Ramadier from 4 to 9 May 1947. He was then Minister of Industry and Commerce from 11 August 1947 to 7 February 1950. He served as Minister of Economic and Financial Affairs from 1 to 9 February 1956. He was Resident Minister in Algeria from 9 February 1956 to 13 June 1957 then Minister of Algeria from 13 June 1957 to 14 May 1958.


title: Robert A. Barber Jr.

abstract: Robert A. Barber Jr. of Charleston was the 2006 Democratic Party's Nominee for Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina. In November 2006, Barber faced off against incumbent Republican Lieutenant Governor Andre Bauer, who sought a second term in office, defeating Barber in the General Election.

text:
# Robert A. Barber Jr.

**Robert A. Barber Jr.** of Charleston was the 2006 Democratic Party's Nominee for Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina. In November 2006, Barber faced off against incumbent Republican Lieutenant Governor Andre Bauer, who sought a second term in office, defeating Barber in the General Election.

## Early life and career

Robert Barber was born in Charleston, South Carolina on July 29, 1949. Having spent his earliest years on Folly Beach and nearby Bowen's Island, Barber moved to Columbia with his parents at the age of 10. After graduating from Columbia High School in 1967, he attended Wofford College and graduated in 1971. Barber later received a Masters of Divinity from Duke University in 1976. He then returned to his native state and served as a minister in two Laurens County churches before entering law school. Receiving his J.D. degree in 1982 from the South Texas College of Law, Barber engaged in a general practice of law in Charleston before being elected to the Charleston County School Board in 1984.

## S.C. House of Representatives

Barber served for four years on the Charleston County School Board and from 1986 to 1988 served as its chairman. In 1988, he was elected into the South Carolina House of Representatives. Serving in the House from 1989 to 1994, Barber spent time on the Judiciary, Ways and Means, and Operations and Management Committees. In 1993 and 1994, he chaired the Joint Legislative Committee on Energy. In 1994, rather than run for re-election, Barber ran for the U.S. House of Representatives as the Democratic candidate for the First Congressional District, but lost to a political newcomer named Mark Sanford.

## Later career

After leaving the SC House, Barber split his time between running Bowen's Island Seafood Restaurant, which his grandparents founded in the 1940s, and serving as a consultant for a range of predominantly not-for-profit public interest groups. A conservationist, health care advisor, and advocate for the state's elderly population, Barber has attempted to improve the lives of many South Carolinians through his work for organizations such as the South Carolina Wildlife Federation, American Heart Association, American Cancer Society, the College of Charleston, the Palmetto Conservation Foundation, the Sierra Club and the Association of Council on Aging Directors.

In 2010, Barber ran for Comptroller General of South Carolina. He lost to Richard Eckstrom, the incumbent.

## The Barber Family

Barber met LaNelle Dominick in the 5th grade in Columbia. They dated throughout their high school years at Columbia High, as well as through college. They later married after Barber's graduation from Wofford. LaNelle, a graduate of Queens College, in Charlotte is now a public school teacher in Charleston, at Buist Academy.

Robert and LaNelle have two children, Hope and Matt. Hope and her husband, Bill McIntosh, live in Summerville with their two daughters, Mary Lesesne and Frances. Matt and his wife Danielle, live in Summerville with their daughter, Madelyn.

Barber's father, Bob Barber, worked for 35 years with the C&S National Bank in Charleston and Columbia. His mother, Cile, was a career homemaker who, with Bob's help, raised six children. After the children were grown, Cile opened antique shops in Columbia and Newberry. His parents have resided in Newberry since 1987.

Robert has four brothers and a sister who live and work in Charleston, Columbia and Irmo.

## InfoBox

| Robert A. Barber Jr. | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives
from the 115th district | |
| **In office**
1989–1995 | |
| Preceded by | Derwood Lorraine Aydlette, Jr. |
| Succeeded by | Lynn Seithel |
| Member of the Charleston County School Board | |
| **In office**
1984–1989 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1949-07-29) July 29, 1949
Charleston, South Carolina, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic Party |
| Spouse | LaNelle Barber |
| Alma mater | Wofford College (BA)
Duke University (M.Div.)
South Texas College of Law (JD) |
| Profession | Restaurateur
Minister
Lawyer |
|  | |


title: Kabutoyama Station

abstract: Kabutoyama Station is a passenger railway station in located in the city of Kyōtango, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway company Willer Trains.

text:
# Kabutoyama Station

**Kabutoyama Station** (かぶと山駅, *Kabutoyama-eki*) is a passenger railway station in located in the city of Kyōtango, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway company Willer Trains (Kyoto Tango Railway).

## Lines

Kabutoyama Station is a station of the Miyazu Line, and is located 69.7 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Nishi-Maizuru Station.

## Station layout

The station has one ground-level side platform serving a single bi-directional track. The station is unattended.This is the only station on the Miyazu Line that has no station building except for the shelter on the platform.

## Adjacent stations

| « | | Service | » | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Miyazu Line | | | | |
| Shōtenkyō |  | Local |  | Kumihama |
| Limited express "Hashidate", "Tango Relay": Does not stop at this station | | | | |

## History

The station was opened on March 1, 1962 as **Kōyama Station** (甲山駅, *Kōyama-eki*) and was renamed to the present name on April 1, 2015.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2018, the station was used by an average of 71 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

## InfoBox

| Kabutoyama Station
かぶと山駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Kabutoyama Station, April 2012 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Kumihamachō Kōyama, Kyōtango-shi, Kyoto^fu 629-3442
Japan |
| Coordinates | 35°36′25″N 134°55′12″E / 35.6069°N 134.9199°E / 35.6069; 134.9199 |
| Operated by | Kyoto Tango Railway |
| Line(s) | Miyazu Line |
| Distance | 69.7 km from Nishi-Maizuru |
| Platforms | 1 side platform |
| Connections | * Bus stop |
| Other information | |
| Station code | T23 |
| Website | Official website |
| History | |
| Opened | 15 December 1929 (1929-12-15) |
| Previous names | Kōyama Station (to 2015) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY2018 | 71 daily |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Kabutoyama StationLocation within Kyoto PrefectureKabutoyama StationKabutoyama Station (Japan) | |


title: 1985 New Zealand National Soccer League

abstract: The 1985 New Zealand National Soccer League was the 16th season of a nationwide round-robin club competition in New Zealand football. Wellington Diamond United finished as champions, three points clear of 1984 title-holders Gisborne City.

text:
# 1985 New Zealand National Soccer League

The **1985 New Zealand National Soccer League** was the 16th season of a nationwide round-robin club competition in New Zealand football. Wellington Diamond United finished as champions, three points clear of 1984 title-holders Gisborne City.

## Promotion and relegation

Auckland University finished last in the 1984 league, and took part in a play-off with the winners of the northern, central, and southern leagues (Hamilton, Stop Out, and Rangers respectively). Auckland University were victorious, becoming the first relegated side to instantly regain their place. The 1985 league was thus the first one to contain an identical starting line-up to the previous season's competition.

## Team performance

Though the starting line-up for the 1985 league was identical to the previous season, the finishing positions were considerably different. Wellington Diamond United, playing under that name for the final time, climbed from the previous season's mid-table position to finish top. It started the season poorly, but had an excellent run of results near the end of the season to climb into the leading position. The team was the most youthful to win the title to this point, with an average age of just 23. They edged out playing-through champions Gisborne City who were leading at the half-way stage but saw that followed by a slump featuring three home losses. Hanimex North Shore United greatly improved on their 1984 form to finish third, having taken over the lead from Gisborne but being unable to hold on to it as the season drew to a close. Mount Wellington also improved on the previous season's efforts, but were draw-prone at home costing them a higher finishing position.

Miramar Rangers continued to be entrenched in the middle of the table, its fifth placing being the fifth time in a row that it had not finished in the top or bottom four. Their position was the result of a late season rally after a 10-game winless run had left them close to the bottom of the table. Sixth-placed Nelson United's season was rescued by its mid-season form. It had a poor start and end to the season, but between these won nine of eleven games. Nelson were followed by Auckland University. The previous season's bottom-placed side boasted a radically changed squad, with only three members playing in both seasons, and the team showed a steady, if not brilliant, improvement. Dunedin City rounded out the top eight with an inconsistent season. Towards the end of the come=petition they were in the top four, but they only won one of their last five games and slipped back down the table.

A dramatic mid-season slump saw Christchurch United slip to an unlikely ninth place. An inability to find goals was compensated for by a sturdy defence, but that alone was not enough to see the team into the top half of the table. Below them came 1983 champions Manurewa, who suffered a crippling start to the season with just one win from its first eight matches, and never recovered. Papatoetoe's fall from grace was still more noteworthy. Two top three finishes in 1983 and 1984 were followed by an eleventh place showing in 1985. The team was unlucky, suffering a series of narrow losses, and actually scored more goals than in either of the previous two seasons, finishing with a goal difference of just -1. Last place went to Napier City Rovers, who remained rooted to the bottom of the table with a poor first half to the season. Even a late rally didn't save the club, though its position belied its abilities. It managed to achieve the unusual double of relegation from the national league and a win in the Chatham Cup in the same season.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Wellington United (C) | 22 | 12 | 5 | 5 | 50 | 33 | +17 | 41 |
| 2 | Gisborne City | 22 | 11 | 5 | 6 | 41 | 26 | +15 | 38 |
| 3 | North Shore United | 22 | 11 | 4 | 7 | 47 | 33 | +14 | 37 |
| 4 | Mount Wellington | 22 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 40 | 30 | +10 | 32 |
| 5 | Miramar Rangers | 22 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 35 | 33 | +2 | 30 |
| 6 | Nelson United | 22 | 9 | 3 | 10 | 35 | 46 | 11 | 30 |
| 7 | Auckland University | 22 | 9 | 3 | 10 | 30 | 45 | 15 | 30 |
| 8 | Dunedin City | 22 | 8 | 5 | 9 | 34 | 38 | 4 | 29 |
| 9 | Christchurch United | 22 | 8 | 4 | 10 | 24 | 25 | 1 | 28 |
| 10 | Manurewa | 22 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 30 | 49 | 19 | 27 |
| 11 | Papatoetoe | 22 | 8 | 2 | 12 | 36 | 37 | 1 | 26 |
| 12 | Napier City Rovers (R) | 22 | 5 | 5 | 12 | 36 | 43 | 7 | 20 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (R) Relegated

## Sources

* Hilton, T. (1991) *An association with soccer.* Auckland: The New Zealand Football Association. ISBN 0-473-01291-X.


title: Robert E. Brannan

abstract: Robert E. Brannan was an American football, basketball, and baseball player and coach. He was the first coach in Chicago Bears franchise history, running the team when they were known as the Decatur Staleys in 1919. Brannan was hired as athletic coach at Sioux Falls College—now known as the University of Sioux Falls in 1915. In 1920, Brannan became the ninth head football coach at Ottawa University in Ottawa, Kansas, a position he held for three seasons until 1922. His coaching record at Ottawa was 4–19–1. According to football legend Walter Camp, the only bright spot for the team in the 1922 season was a guard named Swineheart who "played consistently" for the season. Brannan graduated from the Ottawa academy in 1911. He later graduated from Ottawa University in 1915, having earned fourteen letters in all university sports. Prior to coaching at Ottawa, he had coached at Sioux Falls, James Millikin University, and high schools near Decatur, Illinois. After coaching, Brannan worked for what later became Union Carbide, Co. until he retired in 1956. He died at a hospital at New York City in 1958.

text:
# Robert E. Brannan

**Robert E. Brannan** (November 12, 1891 – August 6, 1958) was an American football, basketball, and baseball player and coach. He was the first coach in Chicago Bears franchise history, running the team when they were known as the Decatur Staleys in 1919.

Brannan was hired as athletic coach at Sioux Falls College—now known as the University of Sioux Falls in 1915.

In 1920, Brannan became the ninth head football coach at Ottawa University in Ottawa, Kansas, a position he held for three seasons until 1922. His coaching record at Ottawa was 4–19–1. According to football legend Walter Camp, the only bright spot for the team in the 1922 season was a guard named Swineheart who "played consistently" for the season. Brannan graduated from the Ottawa academy in 1911. He later graduated from Ottawa University in 1915, having earned fourteen letters in all university sports. Prior to coaching at Ottawa, he had coached at Sioux Falls, James Millikin University, and high schools near Decatur, Illinois.

After coaching, Brannan worked for what later became Union Carbide, Co. until he retired in 1956. He died at a hospital at New York City in 1958.

## Head coaching record

### College football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Millikin Big Blue** *(Illinois Intercollegiate Athletic Conference)* (1918) | | | | | | | | |
| 1918 | Millikin | 4–1 |  |  |  |
| **Millikin:** | | 4–1 |  |  | | | | |
| **Ottawa Braves** *(Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference)* (1920–1922) | | | | | | | | |
| 1920 | Ottawa | 1–6 | 1–6 | 12th |  |
| 1921 | Ottawa | 3–5–1 | 2–5–1 | T–11th |  |
| 1922 | Ottawa | 0–8 | 0–7 | 16th |  |
| **Ottawa:** | | 4–19–1 | 3–18–1 |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | |  |  | | | | | | |

### Other

| Team | Year | Regular season | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Won | Lost | Ties | Win % | Finish |
| Decatur Staleys | 1919 | 6 | 1 | 0 | .857 | Named Central Illinois Champions |
| Total | | 6 | 1 | 0 | .857 |  |

## InfoBox

Robert E. Brannan
| Biographical details | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1891-11-12)November 12, 1891
Timken, Kansas, U.S. |
| Died | August 6, 1958(1958-08-06) (aged 66)
New York, New York, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Ottawa University (1915) |
| Playing career | |
| Football | |
| 1912–1913 | Ottawa |
| Basketball | |
| 1912–1915 | Ottawa |
| Baseball | |
| 1910–1915 | Ottawa |
|  | |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| Football | |
| 1915–1916 | Sioux Falls |
| 1918 | Millikin |
| 1919 | Decatur Staleys |
| 1920–1922 | Ottawa |
| Basketball | |
| 1918–1919 | Millikin |
| 1920–1922 | Ottawa |
| Baseball | |
| 1919 | Millikin |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 37–12 (college basketball)
3–2 (college baseball) |
|  | |


title: Robert Lees

abstract: Robert Lees was an American television and film screenwriter. Lees was best known for writing comedy, including several Abbott and Costello films.

text:
# Robert Lees

**Robert Lees** (July 10, 1912  June 13, 2004) was an American television and film screenwriter. Lees was best known for writing comedy, including several Abbott and Costello films.

## Life and career

Born in San Francisco, California, Lees graduated from Lowell High School in 1929. He started in show business as a dancer before becoming a writer for MGM Studios, where he was paired with writer Frederic Rinaldo. Their first screenplay was for the 1936 short film, *The Perfect Set-Up*. The short film was the first in the "Crime Does Not Pay" series. The series, which was produced by MGM in the 1930s and 1940s, were based on real life crime cases. Lees and Rinaldo continued to work on comedy shorts including, *A Night At The Movies*, starring Robert Benchley, and *Penny Wisdom*. The duo also worked on the 1937 films, *Decathlon Champions* and *Candid Cameramaniacs* from the Pete Smith Specialty series. In 1939, Lees and Rinaldo were nominated for an Academy Award for the 1939 biographical short film, *Prophet Without Honor*.

After completing the comedy short *An Hour For Lunch*, in 1939, Lees and Rinaldo moved on to feature-length films with the 1940 drama, *Street Of Memories*. The pair worked on the sci-fi/horror films, *The Invisible Woman* and *The Black Cat*. In 1941, they wrote their first comedy for Abbott and Costello entitled, *Hold That Ghost*. In the following years, Lees and Rinaldo would go on to write six more movies for the comedy duo, namely, *Hit the Ice*, *Buck Privates Come Home*, *The Wistful Widow of Wagon Gap*, *Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein*, *Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man*, and *Comin' Round the Mountain* (1951). In 1952, an unused treatment they wrote for a service comedy at Paramount around 1943 was later adapted as *Jumping Jacks* for another comic duo, Martin and Lewis.

In the early 1950s, Lees' career was virtually destroyed when he was put on the Hollywood blacklist by movie studio bosses during the McCarthy Era for alleged Communist activities. As a result of his blacklisting, he had associates submit manuscripts to the studios under the pseudonym "J. E. Selby." Lees also wrote pseudonymously for the British television series, *The Adventures of Robin Hood* during the blacklist. At age 91 he declared that the speech he delivered in 1951 to the House Committee on UnAmerican Activities was the best thing he ever wrote.

## Retirement

After retiring from screenwriting in 1983 and becoming associated with sexologist Helen Colton, who would become his girlfriend to the end of his life, he became active in atheist and humanist circles, sometimes speaking at events.

## Murder

On June 13, 2004, sometime around 11 a.m., Keven Lee Graff, a 27-year-old homeless man, broke into Lees' home. Graff attacked the 91-year-old Lees and decapitated him. Graff then left the home, carrying Lees's severed head, and broke into a neighboring house. The occupant of the home was a 69-year-old retired doctor, Morley Engleson. Graff then attacked and killed Engleson, who was on the telephone making a plane reservation. The Southwest Airlines ticketing agent heard the attack and phoned police. Before police could arrive, Graff stole Engleson's 2001 Mercedes-Benz and left the scene.

During a search through Engleson's house, police discovered Lees' severed head lying on a bed. Lees' longtime girlfriend, Helen Colton, discovered Lees' headless body, covered by blankets, in his bedroom some five hours later when she arrived to pick Lees up for an event at the Academy headquarters in Beverly Hills.

The following day, Graff caught the attention of security guards at the gates of Paramount Pictures when he began behaving erratically; talking to himself and yelling at passing cars. One security guard identified Graff from a picture that was shown on a televised news conference about the double murders, and phoned police. When questioned about the crimes, Graff claimed that a man on the streets of Hollywood gave him methamphetamine and Ecstasy the night before the murders claiming he had no memory of committing the murders.

In February 2008, Graff, under a plea bargain, pleaded guilty to ten felonies for the murders of Lees and Engelson. Under the plea agreement, Graff received two consecutive life terms without the possibility of parole.

## Filmography

### Writer

### Actor

* *The Sin of Madelon Claudet* a.k.a. *The Lullaby* (Uncredited, 1931)
* *Grand Hotel* (Uncredited, 1932)
* *Rasputin and the Empress* a.k.a. *Rasputin the Mad Monk* (Uncredited, 1932)
* *Dancing Lady* (Uncredited, 1933)

## InfoBox

| Robert Lees | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1912-07-10)July 10, 1912
San Francisco, California, United States |
| Died | June 13, 2004(2004-06-13) (aged 91)
Los Angeles, California, United States |
| Cause of death | Decapitation |
| Other names | J.E. Selby
Jay Selby |
| Occupation | Screenwriter |
| Years active | 19311983 |
| Spouse | Jean Abel (m.?1982) |


title: 1983 Copa Polla Gol

abstract: The 1983 Copa Polla Gol was the 13th edition of the Chilean Cup tournament. The competition started on March 6, 1983, and concluded on July 10, 1983. Only first level teams took part in the tournament. Universidad Católica won the competition for their first time, winning the final liguilla. In this edition, and for the first time, the Chilean Cup qualified teams to Copa Libertadores; in this case, the champions Universidad Católica and the runners-up O'Higgins.

text:
# 1983 Copa Polla Gol

The **1983 Copa Polla Gol** was the 13th edition of the Chilean Cup tournament. The competition started on March 6, 1983, and concluded on July 10, 1983. Only first level teams took part in the tournament. Universidad Católica won the competition for their first time, winning the final liguilla. In this edition, and for the first time, the Chilean Cup qualified teams to Copa Libertadores; in this case, the champions Universidad Católica and the runners-up O'Higgins.

## Calendar

| Round | Date |
| --- | --- |
| Group Round | 6 March 1983
29 May 1983 |
| Second Round | 5 June 1983
29 June 1983 |
| Final Liguilla | 3–10 July 1983 |

## Group Round

| Key to colours in group tables |
| --- |
| Teams that progressed to the Second Round |

### North Group

| ARI IQU ANT CLO ATA SFE TRA PAL MAG UCA  Arica  4–2 2–1 2–1 4–0 3–1 3–0 4–1 2–2 1–4  Iquique 3–1  2–1 0–0 1–0 7–2 1–1 1–1 1–2 3–3  Antofagasta 2–3 1–1  1–1 2–0 2–0 1–2 4–1 1–2 1–1  Cobreloa 0–0 3–0 1–1  2–0 2–1 1–0 3–1 3–0 2–2  Atacama 2–2 0–2 2–1 1–0  1–0 1–1 1–1 0–0 1–4  San Felipe 1–1 2–0 0–1 1–3 1–1  1–3 2–4 0–0 1–2  Trasandino 4–0 2–2 3–2 0–2 2–3 2–1  0–2 2–3 2–1  Palestino 2–1 3–2 6–1 1–0 5–0 3–0 1–1  0–2 0–4  Magallanes 3–1 0–2 2–0 1–2 1–2 1–0 4–0 1–2  2–1  U. Católica 1–1 2–0 1–0 2–0 2–0 4–3 2–2 1–4 4–2 | Rank Team Points  1 Universidad Católica 25  2 Cobreloa 23 (+12)  3 Palestino 23 (+10)  4 Magallanes 21 (+5)*****  5 Deportes Arica 21 (+5)  6 Deportes Iquique 18  7 Trasandino 17  8 Regional Atacama 15  9 Deportes Antofagasta 12  10 Unión San Felipe 5 |
| --- | --- |

Magallanes qualified for the second round due to its better group head-to-head results (3-1 & 2-2)

### South Group

| EVE SWA UES AUD UCH COL OHI RAN NAV FVI  Everton  1–1 2–1 0–0 2–3 0–2 1–2 1–1 0–0 1–1  S. Wanderers 2–0  1–1 2–0 0–1 2–1 2–0 0–6 3–1 2–3  U. Española 0–3 1–0  1–1 1–1 0–1 2–2 2–3 0–0 5–1  Audax I. 2–4 3–0 2–3  0–3 2–0 2–3 4–2 0–3 0–2  U. de Chile 1–2 3–0 1–1 1–1  0–0 1–2 1–1 2–0 0–0  Colo-Colo 4–2 2–0 3–0 2–1 4–1  4–2 2–5 1–2 3–0  O'Higgins 0–0 2–1 0–0 1–1 3–0 0–2  0–0 2–2 3–1  Rangers 2–2 0–0 3–0 2–1 1–0 2–1 2–2  1–1 2–2  Naval 1–1 0–1 3–3 2–3 4–1 0–0 2–0 0–1  1–0  F. Vial 0–1 1–2 0–0 1–0 1–3 0–2 0–0 1–1 0–0 | Rank Team Points  1 Rangers 25  2 Colo-Colo 24  3 O'Higgins 20  4 Naval 18 (+3)  5 Universidad de Chile 18 (0)  6 Everton 18 (0)  7 Santiago Wanderers 17  8 Unión Española 15  9 Fernández Vial 13  10 Audax Italiano 12 |
| --- | --- |

## Second round

| Key to colours in group tables |
| --- |
| Teams that progressed to the Final Liguilla |

### Group A

| UCA PAL COL MAG  U. Católica  01 10 50  Palestino 13  00 00  Colo-Colo 12 11  10  Magallanes 26 24 15 | Rank Team Points  1 Universidad Católica 10  2 Palestino 7  3 Colo-Colo 6  4 Magallanes 1 |
| --- | --- |

### Group B

| CLO OHI RAN NAV  Cobreloa  40 50 11  O'Higgins 11  33 30  Rangers 22 22  23  Naval 02 22 34 | Rank Team Points  1 Cobreloa 9  2 O'Higgins 6  3 Rangers 5  4 Naval 4 |
| --- | --- |

## Final Liguilla

### First matchday

| Universidad Católica | 1  0 | O'Higgins |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Aravena  28' |  |  |

Estadio Nacional, SantiagoAttendance: 9,747Referee: M. Lira

| Palestino | 4  0 | Cobreloa |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Benzi  19'
Castañeda  59'
Montenegro  73'
Román  83' |  |  |

Estadio Nacional, SantiagoAttendance: 9,747Referee: V. Ojeda

### Second matchday

| Universidad Católica | 3  1 | Cobreloa |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Aravena  12',  35',  47' |  | 72' (pen.) Tabilo |

Estadio Santa Laura, SantiagoAttendance: 8,571Referee: S. Vázquez

| Palestino | 1  2 | O'Higgins |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Castañeda  39' |  | 18' Geoffroy
70' Gallardo |

Estadio Santa Laura, SantiagoAttendance: 8,571Referee: J. Silvagno

### Third matchday

| O'Higgins | 2  1 | Cobreloa |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Geoffroy  37'
Guajardo  55' |  | 35' Merello |

Estadio Nacional, SantiagoAttendance: 12,663Referee: G. Castro

| Universidad Católica | 2  1 | Palestino |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Isasi  56'
Aravena  85' |  | 82' Fuentes |

Estadio Nacional, SantiagoAttendance: 12,663Referee: H. Silva

## Top goalscorer

## Sources

## InfoBox

1983 Copa Polla Gol
|  | |
| --- | --- |