abstract: The Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war started on 30 September 2015, with 4,000 Russian military personnel being stationed in Syria. The Russian forces also consisted of 25 strategic bombers, 20 tactical bombers, 12 attack bombers, 8 fighter aircraft, 16 attack helicopters and various other aircraft. As of spring 2019, there have been 116 officially confirmed Russian Armed Forces fatalities in the war. Also, two investigative groups, Fontanka and the Moscow-based Conflict Intelligence Team (CIT), reported a conservative estimate of at least 73–101 private military contractors (PMCs) being killed between October 2015 and mid-December 2017, 40–60 of whom died during the first several months of 2017, according to Fontanka and one more PMC was killed in late December 2017. In early 2018, the founder of CIT stated the PMCs' death toll was at least 100–200, while another CIT blogger said at least 150 were killed and more than 900 were wounded. They belonged to the Russian company "Wagner". In February 2018, a number of Russian PMCs were reported to have been killed during the Battle of Khasham. Estimation of casualties varies with some sources reported up to 200 Russian contractors died during the strikes. On 15 March 2023, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said that 266 Russian PMCs were killed in Syria during the civil war. In addition, at least 23 fighters have been killed that were possibly regular military, but their status has not been officially confirmed.

text:
# Russian Armed Forces casualties in Syria

The Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war started on 30 September 2015, with 4,000 Russian military personnel being stationed in Syria. The Russian forces also consisted of 25 strategic bombers, 20 tactical bombers, 12 attack bombers, 8 fighter aircraft, 16 attack helicopters and various other aircraft.

As of spring 2019, there have been 116 officially confirmed Russian Armed Forces fatalities in the war. Also, two investigative groups, *Fontanka* and the Moscow-based *Conflict Intelligence Team* (CIT), reported a conservative estimate of at least 73–101 private military contractors (PMCs) being killed between October 2015 and mid-December 2017, 40–60 of whom died during the first several months of 2017, according to *Fontanka* and one more PMC was killed in late December 2017. In early 2018, the founder of CIT stated the PMCs' death toll was at least 100–200, while another CIT blogger said at least 150 were killed and more than 900 were wounded. They belonged to the Russian company "Wagner". In February 2018, a number of Russian PMCs were reported to have been killed during the Battle of Khasham. Estimation of casualties varies with some sources reported up to 200 Russian contractors died during the strikes. On 15 March 2023, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said that 266 Russian PMCs were killed in Syria during the civil war.

In addition, at least 23 fighters have been killed that were possibly regular military, but their status has not been officially confirmed.

## List of fatalities

### Confirmed

The following list contains 141 servicemen listed as killed among the regular Russian Armed Forces and 6 officers of the Russian Federal Security Service:

| Date of death | Name | Rank | Age | Branch | Cause of death | Location of death |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 October 2015 | Edward Sokurov | Sergeant | 29 | 346th Special Purpose Brigade, Spetsnaz GRU | Hostile fire | N/A |
| 24 October 2015 | Vadim Kostenko | Private | 19 | Russian Air Force | Non-hostile (suicide) | Khmeimim airbase, Latakia Governorate |
| 19 November 2015 | Maxim Sorochenko | Captain | 31 | Special Operations Forces (SSO) | Hostile fire | N/A |
| 19 November 2015 | Fyodor Zhuravlyov | Captain | 27 | Special Operations Forces (SSO) | Hostile fire | N/A |
| 24 November 2015 | Oleg Peshkov | Lieutenant colonel | 45 | Russian Air Force | Hostile fire (shootdown) | Syria–Turkey border, Latakia Governorate |
| 24 November 2015 | Alexander Pozynich | Seaman | 29 | Russian Marines | Hostile fire (shootdown) | Syria–Turkey border, Latakia Governorate |
| 1 February 2016 | Ivan Cheremisin | Lieutenant colonel | 42 | Special Operations Forces (SSO) | Hostile fire (mortar attack) | Latakia Governorate |
| 17 March 2016 | Alexander Prokhorenko | Senior lieutenant | 25 | Special Operations Forces (SSO) | Hostile fire (air-strike) | Palmyra, Homs Governorate |
| 12 April 2016 | Andrey Okladnikov | Major | 38 | Russian Air Force | Non-hostile (helicopter crash) | Homs, Homs Governorate |
| 12 April 2016 | Viktor Pankov | N/A | N/A | Russian Air Force | Non-hostile (helicopter crash) | Homs, Homs Governorate |
| 7 May 2016 | Anton Yerygin | Sergeant | 31 | International Mine Action Center | Hostile fire (sniper fire) | Palmyra, Homs Governorate |
| 24 May 2016 | Asker Bizhoev | N/A | N/A | N/A | Hostile fire (shelling) | Palmyra, Homs Governorate |
| 3 June 2016 | Marat Akhmetshin | Captain | 35 | 9th Motorized Rifle Brigade, 3rd Motor Rifle Division | Hostile fire | Palmyra, Homs Governorate |
| 7 June 2016 | Mikhail Shirokopoyas | Junior sergeant | 35 | 35th Army | Hostile fire (shelling) | Moscow, Russia (wounds from Aleppo Governorate) |
| 9 June 2016 | Oleg Arhireev | Captain | 28 | Special Operations Forces (SSO) | Hostile fire (landmine) | N/A |
| 14 June 2016 | Sergei Pechalnov | Senior lieutenant | 28 | Special Operations Forces (SSO) | Hostile fire (landmine) | Moscow, Russia (wounds from 9 June 2016, in Syria) |
| 16 June 2016 | Andrey Timoshenkov | Sergeant | N/A | Russian Marines | Hostile fire (suicide car-bomb) | Khmeimim airbase, Latakia Governorate
(wounds from Homs Governorate) |
| 8 July 2016 | Evgeny Dolgin | Lieutenant | 24 | Russian Air Force | Hostile fire (shootdown) | Palmyra, Homs Governorate |
| 8 July 2016 | Ryafagat Khabibulin | Colonel | 51 | Russian Air Force | Hostile fire (shootdown) | Palmyra, Homs Governorate |
| 22 July 2016 | Nikita Shevchenko | Private | N/A | N/A | Hostile fire (improvised explosive device) | Aleppo Governorate |
| 1 August 2016 | Roman Pavlov | Captain | 33 | 92nd Helicopter Squadron, Russian Air Force | Hostile fire (shootdown) | Idlib Governorate |
| 1 August 2016 | Oleg Shelamov | Senior lieutenant | 29 | 92nd Helicopter Squadron, Russian Air Force | Hostile fire (shootdown) | Idlib Governorate |
| 1 August 2016 | Pavel Shorohov | Captain | 41 | 92nd Helicopter Squadron, Russian Air Force | Hostile fire (shootdown) | Idlib Governorate |
| 1 August 2016 | N/A | N/A | N/A | Russian Center for Reconciliation | Hostile fire (shootdown) | Idlib Governorate |
| 1 August 2016 | N/A | N/A | N/A | Russian Center for Reconciliation | Hostile fire (shootdown) | Idlib Governorate |
| 7 September 2016 | Evgeny Zakharchenkov | Junior sergeant | 28 | 14th Special Purpose Brigade, Spetsnaz GRU | Hostile fire | N/A |
| 22 September 2016 | Igor Chernyshov | Major | 32 | Spetsgruppa "A", Federal Security Service | Hostile fire | Officially listed as killed in Dagestan, Russia |
| 5 December 2016 | Nadezhda Durachenko | Sergeant | 40 (around) | Ministry of Defence's special medical unit | Hostile fire (shelling) | Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate |
| 5 December 2016 | Galina Mikhaylova | Sergeant | 40 (around) | Ministry of Defence's special medical unit | Hostile fire (shelling) | Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate |
| 7 December 2016 | Ruslan Galitsky | Colonel | 44 | 5th Guards Tank Brigade, 36th Army | Hostile fire (shelling) | Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate |
| 16 February 2017 | Pavel Kozachenkov | Major | 31 | Russian Marines | Hostile fire (improvised explosive device) | Tiyas Military Airbase, Homs Governorate (four kilometers west) |
| 16 February 2017 | Vadim Magamurov | Senior lieutenant | 31 | Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU) | Hostile fire (improvised explosive device) | Tiyas Military Airbase, Homs Governorate (four kilometers west) |
| 16 February 2017 | Sergey Senin | Lieutenant colonel | 43 | N/A | Hostile fire (improvised explosive device) | Tiyas Military Airbase, Homs Governorate (four kilometers west) |
| 16 February 2017 | Andrei Zekunov | Colonel | 44 | 152nd Guards Missile Brigade, Russian Marines | Hostile fire (improvised explosive device) | Tiyas Military Airbase, Homs Governorate (four kilometers west) |
| 2 March 2017 | Artyom Gorbunov | Private | 24 | 96th Reconnaissance Brigade, 1st Guards Tank Army | Hostile fire | near Palmyra, Homs Governorate |
| 9 April 2017 | Alexei Goncharenko | N/A | N/A | N/A | Hostile fire (mortar attack) | Hama Governorate |
| 9 April 2017 | Igor Zavidny | N/A | 34 | N/A | Hostile fire (mortar attack) | Hama Governorate |
| 18 April 2017 | Sergey Bordov | Major | N/A | Russian Marines | Hostile fire | Hama Governorate |
| 27 April 2017 | Alexei Chugunov | Junior sergeant | 39 | 14th Special Purpose Brigade, Spetsnaz GRU | Hostile fire (mortar attack) | N/A |
| 27 April 2017 | Bogdan Derevitsky | Junior sergeant | 24 | 14th Special Purpose Brigade, Spetsnaz GRU | Hostile fire (mortar attack) | N/A |
| 2 May 2017 | Alexei Buchelnikov | Lieutenant colonel | N/A | N/A | Hostile fire (sniper fire) | N/A |
| 10 July 2017 | Nikolay Afanasov | Captain | 33 | N/A | Hostile fire (mortar attack) | Hama Governorate |
| 2 August 2017 | Kurban Kasumov | Captain | 31 | 3rd Guards Spetsnaz Brigade, Spetsnaz GRU | Hostile fire (mortar attack) | Hama Governorate or Raqqa Governorate |
| 3 August 2017 | Valery Emdyukov | N/A | 30 | 3rd Guards Spetsnaz Brigade, Spetsnaz GRU | Hostile fire (mortar attack) | N/A |
| 4 September 2017 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Hostile fire (mortar attack) | Deir ez-Zor Governorate |
| 4 September 2017 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Hostile fire (mortar attack) | Deir ez-Zor Governorate |
| 19 September 2017 | Alexei Goynyak | Major | 33 | Special Operations Forces (SSO) | Hostile fire | N/A |
| 22 September 2017 | Alexei Kolganov | Senior sergeant | N/A | N/A | Hostile fire | N/A |
| 23 September 2017 | Valery Asapov | Lieutenant general | 51 | 5th Army | Hostile fire (mortar attack) | Deir ez-Zor Governorate |
| 30 September 2017 | Valery Fedyanin | Colonel | N/A | 61st Naval Infantry Brigade | Hostile fire (mortar attack) | Moscow, Russia (wounds from Hama or Deir ez-Zor Governorate) |
| 10 October 2017 | Yuri Kopylov | Captain | 42 | Russian Air Force | Non-hostile (plane crash) | Khmeimim airbase, Latakia Governorate |
| 10 October 2017 | Yuri Medvedkov | Captain | N/A | Russian Air Force | Non-hostile (plane crash) | Khmeimim airbase, Latakia Governorate |
| 31 December 2017 | N/A | N/A | N/A | Russian Air Force | Non-hostile (helicopter crash) | 15 km from Hama Military Airport, Hama Governorate |
| 31 December 2017 | N/A | N/A | N/A | Russian Air Force | Non-hostile (helicopter crash) | 15 km from Hama Military Airport, Hama Governorate |
| 31 December 2017 | Renat Gimadiev | N/A | N/A | N/A | Hostile fire (mortar attack) | Khmeimim air base, Latakia Governorate |
| 31 December 2017 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Hostile fire (mortar attack) | Khmeimim air base, Latakia Governorate |
| 3 February 2018 | Roman Filipov | Major | 33 | 37th Mixed Aviation Regiment, Russian Air Force | Hostile fire (shootdown) | Idlib Governorate |
| 6 March 2018 | Vladimir Eremeev | Major general | N/A | 27th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade | Non-hostile (airplane crash) | Khmeimim airbase, Latakia Governorate |
| 6 March 2018 | 38 other deaths
(see list of 36 names here ) | 1 Colonel, 6 Majors,
2 Captains, 29 Junior
Officers and Sergeants | N/A | N/A | Non-hostile (airplane crash) | Khmeimim airbase, Latakia Governorate |
| 3 May 2018 | Albert Davidyan | Captain Mayor | N/A | Russian Air Force | Non-hostile (airplane crash) | Mediterranean Sea near Khmeimim airbase, Latakia Governorate |
| 3 May 2018 | Konstantin Dobrynsky | Captain | 33 | Russian Air Force | Non-hostile (airplane crash) | Mediterranean Sea near Khmeimim airbase, Latakia Governorate |
| 6 May 2018 | Nikolay Gushchin | Lieutenant Colonel | 39 | 18th Army Aviation Brigade | Non-hostile (helicopter crash) | eastern Syria |
| 6 May 2018 | Roman Miroshnichenko | Lieutenant | 24 | 18th Army Aviation Brigade | Non-hostile (helicopter crash) | eastern Syria |
| 13 May 2018 | Igor Melyantsev | Colonel | 53 | Special Operations Forces (SSO) | Non-hostile (Heart attack) | N/A |
| 23 May 2018 | Kirill Polischuk | N/A | 25 | 200th Artillery Brigade, 29th Army | Hostile fire (shelling) | near Mayadin, Deir ez-Zor Governorate |
| 23 May 2018 | Sergey Yelin | Senior lieutenant | 32 | 200th Artillery Brigade, 29th Army | Hostile fire (shelling) | near Mayadin, Deir ez-Zor Governorate |
| 23 May 2018 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 200th Artillery Brigade, 29th Army | Hostile fire (shelling) | near Mayadin, Deir ez-Zor Governorate |
| 23 May 2018 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 200th Artillery Brigade, 29th Army | Hostile fire (shelling) | near Mayadin, Deir ez-Zor Governorate |
| 2 July 2018 | Alexander Popov | Colonel | 43 | Special Operations Forces (SSO) | Non-hostile (Heart attack) | N/A |
| 17 September 2018 | 15 servicemen | N/A | N/A | N/A | Friendly fire (shootdown) | Mediterranean Sea, near Latakia Governorate |
| 31 January 2019 | Maxim Pletnev | Sergeant | 24 | Special Operations Forces (SSO) | Hostile fire | near Massasneh, Hama Governorate |
| 23 February 2019 | Suhrob Karimov | Major | 35 | 38th Guards Motorized Rifle Brigade, 35th Combined Arms Army | Hostile fire | near Mayadin, Deir ez-Zor Governorate |
| 23 February 2019 | Albert Omarov | Colonel | N/A | 3rd Guards Spetsnaz Brigade, Spetsnaz GRU | Hostile fire | near Mayadin, Deir ez-Zor Governorate |
| 23 February 2019 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Hostile fire | near Mayadin, Deir ez-Zor Governorate |
| 18 January 2020 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Hostile fire | Idlib Governorate |
| 18 January 2020 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Hostile fire | Idlib Governorate |
| 18 January 2020 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Hostile fire | Idlib Governorate |
| 18 January 2020 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Hostile fire | Idlib Governorate |
| 1 February 2020 | Bulat Ahmatyanov | Major | 32 | Spetsgruppa "S", Federal Security Service | Hostile fire | Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate |
| 1 February 2020 | Dmitry Minov | Captain | 34 | Spetsgruppa "K", Federal Security Service | Hostile fire | Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate |
| 1 February 2020 | Ruslan Gimadiev | Major | 41 | Spetsgruppa "K", Federal Security Service | Hostile fire | Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate |
| 1 February 2020 | Vsevolod Trofimov | Lieutenant | 32 | Spetsgruppa "S", Federal Security Service | Hostile fire | Aleppo, Aleppo Governorate |
| 11 March 2020 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Non-hostile (traffic accident) | Tartus Governorate |
| 22 June 2020 | Anton Kopeikin | Lieutenant colonel | 43 | Spetsgruppa "B", Federal Security Service | Hostile fire | N/A |
| 18 August 2020 | Vyacheslav Gladkikh | Major-General | N/A | N/A | Hostile fire (improvised explosive device) | Deir ez-Zor Governorate |
| 6 September 2020 | Mikhail Milshin | Sergeant | N/A | N/A | Hostile fire (improvised explosive device) | Moscow, Russia (wounds from Deir ez-Zor Governorate) |
| 14 January 2021 | Mikhail Klimentsov | Ensign | N/A | Spetsnaz GRU | Hostile fire | Idlib Governorate |
| 9 June 2021 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Hostile fire (land mine) | Al-Hasakah Governorate |
| 9 September 2021 | Alexey Sneider | Lieutenant colonel | 45 | 61st Marine Brigade | Hostile fire (improvised explosive device) | Homs Governorate |
| 25 May 2023 | Oleg Pechevisty | Colonel | 49 | N/A | Hostile fire | N/A |
| 12 June 2023 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Hostile fire | Aleppo Governorate |
| 13 October 2023 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Friendly fire | Al-Hasakah Governorate |
| 13 October 2023 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Friendly fire | Al-Hasakah Governorate |
| 13 October 2023 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Friendly fire | Al-Hasakah Governorate |
| 13 October 2023 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Friendly fire | Al-Hasakah Governorate |
| 14 December 2023 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Hostile fire | Daraa Governorate |

### Status unclear

The following list contains another 23 killed that were possibly regular military, but were not officially confirmed.

| Date of death | Name | Rank | Age | Branch | Cause of death | Location of death |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19 June 2016 | Vladimir Bekish | Colonel | 42 | 5th Guards Tank Brigade, 36th Army | Hostile fire (shelling) | Aleppo Governorate |
| 8 December 2016 | Sanal Sanchirov | Major | 37 | 56th Guards Air Assault Brigade | Hostile fire (mortar attack) | Palmyra, Homs Governorate |
| 5 February 2017 | Igor Vorona | Lieutenant colonel | 37 | N/A | Hostile fire | N/A |
| February–March 2017 | Sergei Travin | N/A | 40+ | N/A | Hostile fire | N/A |
| 8 April 2017 | Gennady Perfilyev | Lieutenant colonel | 51 | N/A | Hostile fire | N/A |
| 18 April 2017 | N/A | N/A | N/A | Russian Marines | Hostile fire | Hama Governorate |
| 3 May 2017 | Evgeny Konstantinov | Captain | 32 | N/A | Hostile fire | Hama Governorate |
| 3 May 2017 | Alexander Skladan | Major | 37 | N/A | Hostile fire | Hama Governorate |
| June 2017 | Kalandarov N. D. | Ensign | N/A | 3rd Guards Spetsnaz Brigade, Spetsnaz GRU | Hostile fire | N/A |
| 16 September 2017 | Rustem Abzalov | Colonel | N/A | N/A | Hostile fire | N/A |
| 16 September 2017 | Vladimir Tarasyuk | N/A | N/A | N/A | Hostile fire | N/A |
| 16 September 2017 | N/A | General | N/A | N/A | Hostile fire | N/A |
| 23 September 2017 | N/A | Colonel | N/A | N/A | Hostile fire (mortar attack) | Deir ez-Zor Governorate |
| 23 September 2017 | N/A | Colonel | N/A | N/A | Hostile fire (mortar attack) | Deir ez-Zor Governorate |
| 18–23 September 2017 | Magomed Terbulatov | N/A | N/A | Chechen military police | Hostile fire | possibly Idlib Governorate |
| September 2017 | Yuri Khabarov | N/A | 40 | N/A | Hostile fire | N/A |
| October 2017 | Mark Neymark | N/A | 25 | Special Operations Forces | Hostile fire (landmine) | N/A |
| 1 March 2018 | Alexander Solopov | N/A | 22 | 291st Artillery Brigade, 58th Army | Hostile fire | Eastern Ghouta |
| Early March 2018 | Vladimir Ponomarev | N/A | N/A | 291st Artillery Brigade, 58th Army | Hostile fire | N/A |
| 2 November 2018 | Andranik Arustamyan | Junior sergeant | 28 | 21st Guards Motor Rifle Brigade | Friendly fire (anti-tank mine) | Deir ez-Zor Governorate |
| 3 September 2019 | Dmitry Syskov | Captain | N/A | Special Operations Forces | Hostile fire (mine) | Idlib Governorate |
| 3 September 2019 | Kirill Nikonov | Senior Lieutenant | N/A | Special Operations Forces | Hostile fire (mine) | Idlib Governorate |
| 3 September 2019 | Roman Mitsyk | Major | N/A | Special Operations Forces | Hostile fire (mine) | Idlib Governorate |

On 25 December 2016, a Russian military Tupolev Tu-154 with 92 people on board crashed in the Black Sea during a flight from Sochi International Airport, Russia to Khmeimim, Syria. There were no survivors. Among those killed were: 64 members of the Alexandrov Ensemble choir, nine journalists, eight crew members, eight other passenger soldiers, two federal civil servants and a prominent Russian humanitarian worker.

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title: SpringSpree

abstract: SpringSpree, sometimes written as Spring Spree and popularly known as Spree, is the annual cultural festival of the National Institute of Technology, Warangal. Soon to be in its 29th edition this cultural fest has the distinction of being one among the largest cultural fests of South India. With a footfall of around 10,000 and participation of around 600 colleges and increasing this fest has come a long way from its humble inception in 1978. Spring Spree today has an impressive array of events to cater to every possible personality. It covers every possible genre in music, dance, literature, art and gaming. Also an important part of this fest today are the workshops on subjects ranging from ethical hacking to the basics of a guitar. Also this fest has stepped up with time to include the celebs of the day. Some of the prominent personalities who have visited the campus during this very fest are Suraj Jagan, Suchitra, Sobhita Dhulipala, KK, Shobha Naidu, Baiju Dharmajan, Naresh Iyer and Stephen Devassy. The themes of Spring Spree have ranged from Renaissance, Rubaroo India, Carnival, Fantasia and World Fest for the year 2015.

text:
# SpringSpree

**SpringSpree**, sometimes written as **Spring Spree** and popularly known as **Spree**, is the annual cultural festival of the National Institute of Technology, Warangal. Soon to be in its 29th edition this cultural fest has the distinction of being one among the largest cultural fests of South India. With a footfall of around 10,000 and participation of around 600 colleges and increasing this fest has come a long way from its humble inception in 1978. Spring Spree today has an impressive array of events to cater to every possible personality. It covers every possible genre in music, dance, literature, art and gaming. Also an important part of this fest today are the workshops on subjects ranging from ethical hacking to the basics of a guitar. Also this fest has stepped up with time to include the celebs of the day. Some of the prominent personalities who have visited the campus during this very fest are Suraj Jagan, Suchitra, Sobhita Dhulipala, KK, Shobha Naidu, Baiju Dharmajan, Naresh Iyer and Stephen Devassy. The themes of Spring Spree have ranged from Renaissance, Rubaroo India, Carnival, Fantasia and World Fest for the year 2015.

## Conception

It started as an intercollegiate annual sports and cultural event held between January and March. The idea was that they should have an annual gathering to showcase their skills in the non-technical aspects. The students in the college came from different regions of the country, the fest would also be instrumental in binding them together as diverse citizens of a united country. It would also serve as a platform for people to recognize and respect the diverse regions of the country for what they are. This idea gained huge prominence and it was conducted annually till the early 2000s. This was the first ever cultural fest in the whole of South India and has maintained ranks among its best few. After early 2000s in 2006 the clubs and committees of the college conducted a small level fest called Elysium. The revival was complete when, in 2007, Spring Spree was brought back and has since been an annual event. Spree took a huge jump where, one of the India's best playback singer KK and one of the top 10 finalists of Indian Idol performed live for Spring Spree 2013. 2014 saw the likes of Suraj Jagan and Suchitra perform. The first pronite was a Sunburn Campus nite and bands like Baiju Dharmajan Syndicate and Gino Banks performed. Spring Spree is now one of the largest cultural festivals of India.

## Events

### Competitions

Spring Spree conducts over 75 events in the span of 3 days, with various events in the fields of art, literature, drama, dance, music, photography and painting which include 7 Spotlights Allure - Fashion Show, IRA - Rock band Competition, Idol - Singing Competition, Tear it Up - BBoying Competition, GameDome - Video Gaming, NITMUN - NIT Model United Nations, War of DJs - DJ Competition. Other popular events include Chitr- Painting Competition, StreetX - Street Football and Gully Cricket, Dance Events - Group, Solo and Pair Dance, Director's Cut - Short Film Contest, Skit, Sand Arts, T-shirt Designing, Tattoo making and many more. In 2013 it had an ethical hacking workshop conducted by. Spring Spree boasts of a national video gaming competition among its spotlights known as Gamedome featuring the most popular games like Age of Empires, DotA, Counter-Strike, FIFA and Need for Speed. To cater to the young entrepreneurs there sessions involving business planning and stock marketing are a part and parcel of Spring Spree. Spring Spree not only serves as a platform for art buffs and dance enthusiasts but it also serves as a great platform for analysts and hackers also.

#### Spotlights

Spotlights are mainstream events in SpringSpree. These events are a part and parcel of Spree. the spotlights are Open Air by Music Club NIT Warangal, one of the biggest clubs on campus, Allure - Fashion Show, IRA - Rock band Competition, Idol - Singing Competition, Tear it Up - BBoying Competition, GameDome - Video Gaming, NITMUN - NIT Model United Nations, War of DJs - DJ Competition. The spotlights receive a lot of attention for their adrenaline and the cash prizes. They are well attended in terms of participation and audience.

##### Open Air

Open Air is the flagship event of Music Club NIT Warangal, which usually marks the inaugural of Spring Spree every year. Typically a concert of about three hours, this event boasts a huge turnout of at least 1500 people every year, making it one of the biggest events of Spring Spree every year.

##### Idol

Idol is the mainstream competition for singers, wherein well-known singers judge their competence. This spotlight was judged by TIA KAR in 2013.

##### GameDome

GameDome is one of the largest student-organised gaming event in South-India. It hosts competitive games such as Counter-Strike, FIFA, Need for Speed, DOTA, League of Legends, Age of Empires along with Overwatch, Fortnite, World of Warcraft, Doodle Army 2: Mini Militia, Clash of Clans etc. The event sees hundreds of selected players from all over the country.

##### iRA

iRA is a competition held between homegrown college rock bands. The contestant bands perform their own rock music compositions and the winner is decided by the crowd. This Spotlight has become synonymous with the final day celebrations of Spring Spree. The iRA competition is an effort to nurture the growing taste in rock music among Indian students today and provides a platform for the upcoming bands all over the country.

##### Allure

Spring spree boasts of Allure a competition for the fashionista of India. 2011 saw a faceoff between the host and SRM, Chennai. The competition is judged by people matching up to the level of glamour that it provides. Usually the judges are models, actresses or others related to the fashion world. Spring Spree 2010 and 2011 saw judges like Rakhi Sharma and Mahima Sandoval (Miss Spain 2009 contestant) as judges. In 2013 it was judged by TIA KAR and in 2014 by Sobhita Dhulipala. Eyetex Dazzler will be sponsoring Allure for 2015.

##### Tear It Up

B’boying crews across India are invited to compete with each other in this Spotlight event. Popular crews like Freak N’ Style have graced the occasion. Tear it Up generally sees participation from five to six colleges every year and has been part of Spring Spree for more than five years. In 2014 the winner of the world B'boying championship judged the competition.

Dancing crews are asked to pick a song of their choice to which they must do their routine. They must prove and showcase their creativity, synchronization, uniqueness, song choice, attitude, overall ability to dance etc. Participants must advance through a various number of rounds to reach the finals. Spring Spree 2011 saw German B’Boying legend Zeb.roc.ski do some of his famous moves, as well as head the judging panel.

##### NITMUN (National Institute of Technology Model United Nations)

Students from participating colleges are assigned their countries prior to the start of the Model United Nations event. They are required to do previous research on their respective countries, the issues their countries face, and possible the possible outcomes of the policies they are to follow. In the NITW simulation of the United Nations, the delegates from various colleges will engage in discussions to converge on resolutions and policies about current, pressing issues. Delegates are encouraged to present solutions to the problems presented in each discussion.

### Pronites

Pronites are what Spring Spree calls the concerts conducted during the three days of Spree. Famous musicians are invited to close each day of the fest with a bang. In the years prior, NITW has seen the likes of Naresh Iyer and Stephen Devassy. Indian rock bands like Parikrama and others also performed.

Bollywood Playback singer, KK performed live on 23 February at Spring Spree. Spree 2013 saw performances by Suraj Jagan, Suchitra, Gino Banks, Baiju Dharmajan and also saw the presence of Sobhita Dhulipala who judged Allure. Spring Spree has also had the British band Xerath perform in 2012 along with Vijay Prakash.

## Workshops

Workshops are conducted in every possible field related to culture. The workshops range from acting, graffiti, painting, sketching, movie making, creative writing etc. Each workshop has a fee and is taught by a recognized professional in the field. In the 2011 edition the Graffiti workshop was taught by the famous German graffiti artist Loomit. In 2014 the workshops conducted were Guitar Workshop by Baiju Dharmajan (popularly known as the God of Small Strings), Animagic Workshop- 3D Animation Workshop, Cyber Forensics and Ethical Hacking Workshop, DSLR Workshop by Nikon, Rubik's Cube Workshop and Cartooning Workshop.

## Sponsors and past associates

Various corporations have sponsored Spring Spree including Murugappa Group. Airtel, Nestlé (in 2010), Nokia, Pepsi, Polo Ralph Lauren (in 2010), The Raymond Shop, State Bank of Hyderabad, TVS Motor (in 2009), Virgin Mobile (in 2009), Vodafone (in 2010) and Wipro (in 2010) to name a few. Sponsors from the media sector include several brands such as The Hindu, TV9, Red FM, and Maa Music.. The sponsors for Spree 2015 are Coke Studio, Eyetex Dazzler, Orient Cement, Campus France, Princeton Review, Amity Business School, British Council, ITM, Panache, Inspire, Tech Bharat, Ferris Wheel, Shankar Mahadevan Academy, Swarnabhoomi, Saavn, Faadoo Engineers, FestSamachar, knowafest, Campus Diaries, Free Charge, Electronics For You, Glow Job TV, UGCC, LIC, NITWAA, TTL, Kaps and Gift Xoxo.

## Working committee

The Spring Spree is a fest conducted by the students of NIT Warangal. Every year a core committee of students is chosen by the student council of the college to oversee the smooth running of the fest. They are aided by a faculty adviser chosen by the administration to assist them in their tasks.

The core committee looks after the all important aspects of the fest like Event Conduction, Sponsorship, Publicity, Logistics, Hospitality, Design, Decoration, Accounting and Prizes. Every member of the committee is dedicated to either of these departments. The synchronization between all the working committees is taken care by the student coordinator of the fest.

To assist the core committee, a sub-core committee and a work force body is chosen forming an apex structure contributing to a students working team. The success of the fest heavily depends on the efforts and idea of the entire students working team.

## Records, Artists and Celebrities

Spring Spree 2010 saw a performance by prominent Kuchipudi dancer Shobha Naidu. In the 25th edition film director Sekhar kammula graced the occasion exhorting the students to dream and work to realize them. Concerts of Naresh Iyer, Stephen Devassy and Pakistani sensational band Noori made each day of 25th edition of Spring Spree end with a bang Spring Spree 2011 saw the setting of a world record for the largest footprint painting. Spring Spree 2012 was graced by Xerath, Paradigm shift, Vijay Prakash, Ali (actor) and Siva Reddy and Mahima Sandoval. Spring Spree 2013 was dazzled by the performance of one of the India'S greatest playback singer krishnakumar kunath or KK.TIA KAR one of the Top10 Indian idol finalists also graced the occasion. Spree 2013 was inaugurated by R. P. Patnaik. 2014 saw the performances of Suchitra and Suraj Jagan taking Spree to new heights. Sobhita Dhulipala presided over the inaugural with Anoop Rubens and also judged Allure. Tarun Raj evaluated the director's cut event. iRA saw Gino Banks performing. Also performing were Baiju Dharmajan and Sunburn Campus.

## Social activities

Spring Spree 2011 saw the setting of a world record for the largest footprint painting. Aashayam a social initiative with a motto of eradicating child labour from INDIA and educating each and every child of INDIA is a brainchild of few students of NIT Warangal. For the Spring Spree 2013 these were some records and tasks that it attempted: SAVE GIRL CHILD-ICE CREAM Stick mosaic, STOP CHILD LABOUR-SALT mosaic, WALK FOR A CAUSE-a candle march on the closing of spree in the campus made the spree more dazzling with shining lights of candle all over the campus for a while. In association with MARD a rally against discrimination against women was organised in 2014. Aashayam organised an initiative called "PRAYAS" in 2014 which will be in its second edition in 2015. The initiatives for 2015 are Ek Jodi Ka Kapda, One Stage and Eradicate, which have a profound social implication and touch the soul of the observers.

## InfoBox

| Spring Spree | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Student Run, Non-Profit Cultural Event |
| Location(s) | Warangal, India |
| Founded | 1978 |
| Attendance | 10,000 footfalls, 600 colleges |
| Sponsor | National Institute of Technology Warangal |
| Website | www.springspree.in |


title: Thekkekkara Superfast

abstract: Thekkekkara Superfast is a 2004 Indian Malayalam film. It was filmed in 1995, but got released only in April 2004 along with Agninakshathram around Vishu.

text:
# Thekkekkara Superfast

***Thekkekkara Superfast*** is a 2004 Indian Malayalam film. It was filmed in 1995, but got released only in April 2004 along with *Agninakshathram* around Vishu.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

This film includes seven songs written by lyricist Gireesh Puthenchery. The songs were composed by the music maestro Ouseppachan.

| Track | Song | Singers | Lyricist | Raga |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Konchum Maine" | Rajesh H. | Gireesh Puthenchery |  |
| 2 | "Konchum Maine" | Sujatha Mohan | Gireesh Puthenchery |  |
| 3 | "Manjadikkuru" | Madhu Balakrishnan | Gireesh Puthenchery | Kapi |
| 4 | "Mukkootti Mantharam" | Madhu Balakrishnan | Gireesh Puthenchery | Abheri |
| 5 | "Murali Kayyilenthi" | Sreenivas | Gireesh Puthenchery |  |
| 6 | "Thalirambal" | M. G. Sreekumar, K. S. Chithra | Gireesh Puthenchery |  |
| 7 | "Varasooryan" | G. Venugopal | Gireesh Puthenchery |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Thekkekkara Superfast | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Thaha |
| Written by | Rajan Kiriyath-Vinu Kiriyath (dialogue) |
| Screenplay by | Renji Kottayam |
| Story by | Thaha |
| Produced by | P P Sathish kumar |
| Starring | Mukesh
Jagathy Sreekumar
Dileep
Gayathri Shastri
Prakash Raj |
| Cinematography | Prathapan |
| Edited by | E M Madhavan |
| Music by | Ouseppachan |
| Distributed by | Vinodh Movies |
| Release date | * 10 April 2004 (2004-04-10) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Malayalam |


title: Stenoma condemnatrix

abstract: Stenoma condemnatrix is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1930. It is found in Colombia.

text:
# Stenoma condemnatrix

***Stenoma condemnatrix*** is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1930. It is found in Colombia.

## InfoBox

| *Stenoma condemnatrix* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Depressariidae |
| Genus: | *Stenoma* |
| Species: | ***S. condemnatrix*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Stenoma condemnatrix***<br>Meyrick, 1930 | |
|


title: Foothill Malls

abstract: Foothill Malls is a series of eight traffic medians straddling 193rd Street between Foothill Avenue and Jamaica Avenue in the Hollis neighborhood of Queens, New York City. The surrounding neighborhood was developed in 1885 by Frederick W. Dunton who acquired 136 acres of land to the east of Jamaica for a suburban development. Similar in design to Jamaica Estates, the Holliswood section consisted of detached single-family homes, winding streets, and plenty of green landscaping atop the glacial terminal moraine, while parcels to the south of Hillside Avenue were divided in a rectangular grid in a section designated as Hollis Park Gardens. The central road connecting the two developments was Hollis Park Boulevard, later renamed 193rd Street. Inspired by urban boulevards, it contains malls between Foothill Avenue and Jamaica Avenue. In 1920, the Hollis World War Memorial was installed at the northern side of Hillside Avenue at 193rd Street, listing all Hollis residents killed in World War One, including those who served in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Canadian Forces and wartime service through the American Red Cross and YMCA. The plaque on a stone monument is flanked by a flagpole.

text:
# Foothill Malls

**Foothill Malls** is a series of eight traffic medians straddling 193rd Street between Foothill Avenue and Jamaica Avenue in the Hollis neighborhood of Queens, New York City.

The surrounding neighborhood was developed in 1885 by Frederick W. Dunton who acquired 136 acres of land to the east of Jamaica for a suburban development. Similar in design to Jamaica Estates, the Holliswood section consisted of detached single-family homes, winding streets, and plenty of green landscaping atop the glacial terminal moraine, while parcels to the south of Hillside Avenue were divided in a rectangular grid in a section designated as Hollis Park Gardens. The central road connecting the two developments was Hollis Park Boulevard, later renamed 193rd Street. Inspired by urban boulevards, it contains malls between Foothill Avenue and Jamaica Avenue.

In 1920, the Hollis World War Memorial was installed at the northern side of Hillside Avenue at 193rd Street, listing all Hollis residents killed in World War One, including those who served in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Canadian Forces and wartime service through the American Red Cross and YMCA. The plaque on a stone monument is flanked by a flagpole.

40°42′55.12″N 73°46′5.95″W / 40.7153111°N 73.7683194°W / 40.7153111; -73.7683194


title: Spiramater lutra

abstract: Spiramater lutra, the otter spiramater, is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Spiramater lutra is 10301.

text:
# Spiramater lutra

***Spiramater lutra***, the **otter spiramater**, is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America.

The MONA or Hodges number for *Spiramater lutra* is 10301.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Spiramater lutra* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | *Spiramater* |
| Species: | ***S. lutra*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Spiramater lutra***<br>(Guenée, 1852) | |
|


title: Tosan County

abstract: T'osan County is a county in North Hwanghae province, North Korea.

text:
# Tosan County

**T'osan County** is a county in North Hwanghae province, North Korea.

## Administrative divisions

T'osan county is divided into 1 *ŭp* (town) and 17 *ri* (villages):

## InfoBox

| T'osan County 토산군 | |
| --- | --- |
| County | |
| Korean transcription(s) | |
| Hanja | 兎山郡 |
| McCune-Reischauer | T‘osan-gun |
| Revised Romanization | Tosan-gun |
| Map of North Hwanghae showing the location of Tosan | |
| Country | North Korea |
| Province | North Hwanghae Province |


title: Cheiridopsis caroli-schmidtii

abstract: Cheiridopsis caroli-schmidtii is a species in the family Aizoaceae. Like the other members this species is native to semi-arid regions of Namibia and South Africa. This species grows on Granite and quartz outcrops.

text:
# Cheiridopsis caroli-schmidtii

***Cheiridopsis caroli-schmidtii*** is a species in the family Aizoaceae. Like the other members this species is native to semi-arid regions of Namibia and South Africa. This species grows on Granite and quartz outcrops.

## Name

The plant is named after Carl Schmidt who was a German nursery owner who operated in Erfurt. The genus name means hand shaped.

## Description

The daisy-like flowers illustrated open during the day from early winter to spring. Like many members of the genus the flower illustrated is borne singly and has Chrome-yellow petals which are 3.5 cm in diameter. The clump of tri-angled leaves that makes up the plant has little or no stem. When fully grown they are over 5 cm tall and about 17 cm in diameter. During the summer the plant dries so much that it can be mistaken for dead.

## InfoBox

| *Cheiridopsis caroli-schmidtii* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| In flower | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Aizoaceae |
| Genus: | *Cheiridopsis* |
| Species: | ***C. caroli-schmidtii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cheiridopsis caroli-schmidtii***
(Dinter & A.Berger) N.E.Br. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Cheiridopsis ausensis* L.Bolus
*Cheiridopsis borealis* L.Bolus
*Mesembryanthemum caroli-schmidtii* Dinter & A.Berger | |


title: Bourgeau Lake

abstract: Bourgeau Lake is a rock-rimmed alpine lake at the foot of Mount Bourgeau near Banff, in Banff National Park, Alberta. It is a popular hiking destination. The trailhead is located at the Bourgeau Lake parking lot on the southwest side of the Trans-Canada Highway, 2.9 km (1.8 mi) from the turnoff for the Banff Sunshine ski resort. The hike takes on average 2.5 to 3 hours one way and ascends 725 m (2,380 ft) to a maximum elevation of 2,160 m (7,090 ft) The trail to the summit of Mt. Bourgeau starts at the western end of the lake.

text:
# Bourgeau Lake

**Bourgeau Lake** is a rock-rimmed alpine lake at the foot of Mount Bourgeau near Banff, in Banff National Park, Alberta. It is a popular hiking destination. The trailhead is located at the Bourgeau Lake parking lot on the southwest side of the Trans-Canada Highway, 2.9 km (1.8 mi) from the turnoff for the Banff Sunshine ski resort. The hike takes on average 2.5 to 3 hours one way and ascends 725 m (2,380 ft) to a maximum elevation of 2,160 m (7,090 ft) The trail to the summit of Mt. Bourgeau starts at the western end of the lake.

## InfoBox

| Bourgeau Lake | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Bourgeau Lake | |
| Location | Banff National Park, Alberta |
| Coordinates | 51°08′07″N 115°47′25″W / 51.13528°N 115.79028°W / 51.13528; -115.79028 |
| Type | Glacial lake |
| Basin countries | Canada |
|  | |
| Max. depth | Unknown |
|  | |
| References |  |


title: SpringHill Suites

abstract: SpringHill Suites is a brand operated by Marriott International offering suite hotels that target the upper-moderate lodging tier of the industry.

text:
# SpringHill Suites

**SpringHill Suites** is a brand operated by Marriott International offering suite hotels that target the upper-moderate lodging tier of the industry.

## History

Introduced in May 1997, the concept arose out of rebranding former Fairfield Suites properties, which featured an all-suite layout, into a brand of its own. The 34 properties (six managed and 28 franchised) in 1999 grew to 153 by 2006. The 300th was opened in 2013. As of June 30, 2020, it has 470 hotels with 55,595 rooms in addition to 187 hotels with 21,307 rooms in the pipeline.

## Accommodations

### Historical

| Year | Acc. | US | Non-US | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2006 | Properties |  |  | 153 |
| | Rooms |  |  | 17,808 |
| 2007 | Properties | 176 | 1 | 177 |
| | Rooms | 20,445 | 124 | 20,569 |
| 2008 | Properties | 207 | 1 | 208 |
| | Rooms | 24,027 | 124 | 24,151 |
| 2009 | Properties | 255 | 1 | 256 |
| | Rooms | 29,846 | 124 | 29,970 |
| 2010 | Properties | 273 | 1 | 274 |
| | Rooms | 31,961 | 124 | 32,085 |
| 2011 | Properties | 285 | 2 | 287 |
| | Rooms | 33,466 | 299 | 33,765 |
| 2012 | Properties | 297 | 2 | 299 |
| | Rooms | 34,844 | 299 | 35,143 |
| 2013 | Properties | 306 | 2 | 308 |
| | Rooms | 35,888 | 299 | 36,187 |
| 2014 | Properties | 314 | 2 | 316 |
| | Rooms | 36,968 | 299 | 37,267 |

### From 2015

| Year | Acc. | North
America | Europe | Middle East
& Africa | Asia &
Pacific | Caribbean
Latin America | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | Properties | 336 |  |  |  |  | 336 |
| | Rooms | 39,750 |  |  |  |  | 39,750 |
| 2016 | Properties | 359 |  |  |  |  | 359 |
| | Rooms | 42,526 |  |  |  |  | 42,526 |
| 2017 | Properties | 388 |  |  |  |  | 388 |
| | Rooms | 45,946 |  |  |  |  | 45,946 |
| 2018 | Properties | 414 |  |  |  |  | 414 |
| | Rooms | 48,959 |  |  |  |  | 48,959 |
| 2019 | Properties | 456 |  |  |  |  | 456 |
| | Rooms | 54,033 |  |  |  |  | 54,033 |
| 2020 | Properties | 488 |  |  |  |  | 488 |
| | Rooms | 57,590 |  |  |  |  | 57,590 |
| 2021 | Properties | 512 |  |  |  |  | 512 |
| | Rooms | 60,617 |  |  |  |  | 60,617 |
| 2022 | Properties | 532 |  |  |  |  | 532 |
| | Rooms | 63,014 |  |  |  |  | 63,014 |
| 2023 | Properties | 547 |  |  |  |  | 547 |
| | Rooms | 64,774 |  |  |  |  | 64,774 |

Media related to SpringHill Suites at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

SpringHill Suites
|
|  |
| Industry | Hotel |
| Founded | 1997 (1997) |
| Founder | J. Willard Marriott |
| Number of locations | 470 (June 30, 2020) |
| Area served | North America |
| Parent | Marriott International |
| Website | www.springhillsuites.com |


title: 1939 European Wrestling Championships

abstract: The 1939 European Wrestling Championships were held in 24–27 April 1939 Oslo, Norway. The competitions were held only in Greco-Roman wrestling.

text:
# 1939 European Wrestling Championships

The **1939 European Wrestling Championships** were held in 24–27 April 1939 Oslo, Norway. The competitions were held only in Greco-Roman wrestling.

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Sweden | 3 | 2 | 0 | 5 |
| 2 | Finland | 2 | 0 | 3 | 5 |
| 3 | Germany | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 4 | Estonia | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 5 | Turkey | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 6 | Norway | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | Hungary | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Totals (7 entries) | | 7 | 8 | 6 | 21 |

## Medal summary

### Men's Greco-Roman

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bantamweight
56 kg | Kauko Kiiseli
Finland | Ivar Stokke
Norway
Kurt Pettersén
Sweden | None awarded
\[\[|\]\] |
| Featherweight
61 kg | Kustaa Pihlajamäki
Finland | Ferdinand Schmitz
Germany | Ferenc Tóth
Hungary |
| Lightweight
66 kg | Gösta Andersson
Sweden | Yaşar Doğu
Turkey | Lauri Koskela
Finland |
| Welterweight
72 kg | Fritz Schäfer
Germany | Edgar Puusepp
Estonia | Eino Virtanen
Finland |
| Middleweight
79 kg | Ivar Johansson
Sweden | Ludwig Schweickert
Germany | Arvi Pikkusaari
Finland |
| Light heavyweight
87 kg | Nils Åkerlindh
Sweden | Mustafa Çakmak
Turkey | August Neo
Estonia |
| Heavyweight
+87 kg | Johannes Kotkas
Estonia | John Nyman
Sweden | Gyula Bóbis
Hungary |

## InfoBox

| 1939 European Wrestling Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Host city | Norway, Oslo |
| Dates | 24–27 April 1939 |
| Champions | |
| Greco-Roman | Sweden |
|  | |


title: 5th Indonesian Choice Awards

abstract: The 5th Indonesian Choice Awards ceremony, presented by the NET., honored the best entertainment of the year in 2018, and took place on April 29, 2018, at the Sentul International Convention Center in Bogor, West Java, at 7:00 p.m. WIB. The awards ceremony aired live on NET. coinciding with the fifth anniversary celebration, entitled NET 5.0: Upgraded. The annual awards have presented by Sarah Sechan, Vincent Rompies and Desta. In addition to local musicians, NET. also featured international musician and artists, such as Craig David, Hailee Steinfeld, and Light Balance.

text:
# 5th Indonesian Choice Awards

The **5th Indonesian Choice Awards** ceremony (Official name: **Indonesian Choice Awards 5.0 NET.**), presented by the NET., honored the best entertainment of the year in 2018, and took place on April 29, 2018, at the Sentul International Convention Center in Bogor, West Java, at 7:00 p.m. WIB.

The awards ceremony aired live on NET. coinciding with the fifth anniversary celebration, entitled NET 5.0: Upgraded. The annual awards have presented by Sarah Sechan, Vincent Rompies and Desta (3rd time overall).

In addition to local musicians, NET. also featured international musician and artists, such as Craig David, Hailee Steinfeld, and Light Balance.

## Voting System

Voting for 2018 Indonesian Choice Awards opened on March 30, 2018, on Twitter for hashtag **#ICA \_5#\<nominees\_category\>**

## Performers

| Artist(s) | Song(s) |
| --- | --- |
| Main show | |
| Hailee Steinfeld | "Love Myself" |
| Light Balance | 24K Magic x Five More Hours |
| Raisa | "Tentang Cinta" |
| Craig David | "Ain't Giving Up" |
| Glorify the Lord Ensemble
Tulus | "Manusia Kuat"
"Pamit"
"Ruang Sendiri |
| GAC | "Suara" |
| Hailee Steinfeld | "Most Girls"
"Rock Bottom"
"Let Me Go" |
| Sheryl Sheinafia
Rizky Febian
Chandra Liow | "Sweet Talk" |
| Anji
Glenn Fredly | "Dia"
"Sekali Ini Saja" |
| Isyana Sarasvati
Gamaliel | "Terpesona" |
| Via Vallen
Boy William | "Sayang" |
| Craig David | "I Know You"
"7 Days" |
| Reza Artamevia
GAC
Sheryl Sheinafia
Anji | "Pertama"
"Inikah Cinta"
"Kita"
"Akad" |
| Glenn Fredly
Rinni Wulandari
Candil | "Marilah Kemari"
"Bimbi"
"Apanya Dong" |
| Sheila on 7 | "Film Favorit" |
| Craig David | "Insomnia" |
| Shout!
Light Balance | "Leaving You Sorry" "Swalla x If It Ain't Love x Get Ugly (Jason Derulo Remix)" |
| Hailee Steinfeld | "Starving" |

## Presenters

* Sheryl Sheinafia and Boy William \- Presented **Breakthrough Artist of the Year**
* Darto and Danang - Presented **Band/Group/Duo of the Year**
* Angel Karamoy and Panji Suryono - Presented **Music Video of the Year**
* Yuliandre Darwis - Presented **TV Program of the Year**
* Addie MS \- Presented **Creative & Innovative Person of the Year**
* Hesti Purwadinata and Beddu - Presented **Digital Persona of the Year**
* Sule and Andre Taulany \- Presented **Instrumental Album of the Year**
* Niken Anjani and Ibnu Jamil - Presented **Actress of the Year**
* Shahnaz Soehartono and Ganindra Bimo - Presented **Album of the Year**
* Vanesha Precilla and Dodit Mulyanto - Presented **Actor of the Year**
* Raisa and Isyana Sarasvati \- Presented **Male Singer of the Year**
* Via Vallen and Deva Mahenra \- Presented **Female Singer of the Year**
* Triawan Munaf - Presented **Lifetime Achievement Award**
* Aubry Beer and Rizky Febian \- Presented **Movie of the Year**
* Adinda Thomas and Tanta Ginting - Presented **Song of the Year**

1. "Kapanlagi.com: Musik - Hailee Steinfeld & Craig David Akan Ramaikan Indonesian Choice Awards 2018". *KapanLagi.com*. Retrieved 2018-04-30.

## InfoBox

| 5th Indonesian Choice Awards | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | April 29, 2018 (2018-04-29) |
| Location | Sentul International Convention Center, Bogor, West Java |
| Hosted by | Sarah Sechan
Vincent Rompies
Desta |
| Most awards | Sheila On 7 (2) |
| Most nominations | Isyana Sarasvati
Rendy Pandugo |
| Television/radio coverage | |
| Network | NET. |
|


title: Colombian order of precedence

abstract: The Colombian order of precedence is a symbolic hierarchy of officials used to direct protocol. It is regulated by Act 1444 of 4 May 2011.

text:
# Colombian order of precedence

The **Colombian order of precedence** is a symbolic hierarchy of officials used to direct protocol. It is regulated by Act 1444 of 4 May 2011.

## Order of precedence

Below is the current cabinet headed by the President of the Republic, in its respective denomination, order and precedence.

1. The President of Colombia (Gustavo Petro)
2. The Vice President of Colombia (Francia Márquez)
3. The Cardinal Primate of Colombia (Luis José Rueda)
4. Former presidents of Colombia and their widows/widowers (by seniority of assuming office):
    1. César Gaviria (7 August 1990 - 7 August 1994)
    2. Ernesto Samper (7 August 1994 - 7 August 1998)
    3. Andrés Pastrana (7 August 1998 - 7 August 2002)
    4. Álvaro Uribe (7 August 2002 - 7 August 2010)
    5. Juan Manuel Santos (7 August 2010 - 7 August 2018)
    6. Ivan Duque (7 August 2018 - 7 August 2022)
5. Former vice presidents of Colombia and their widows/widowers (by seniority of assuming office):
    1. Humberto De la Calle (7 August 1994 - 10 September 1996)
    2. Gustavo Adolfo Bell (7 August 1998 - 7 August 2002)
    3. Francisco Santos Calderón (7 August 2002 - 7 August 2010)
    4. Angelino Garzón (7 August 2010 - 7 August 2014)
    5. Germán Vargas Lleras (7 August 2014 - 21 March 2017)
    6. Oscar Naranjo (29 March 2017 - 7 August 2018)
    7. Marta Lucía Ramírez (7 August 2018 - 7 August 2022)
6. The Minister of Foreign Affairs (Álvaro Leyva) (if there is a diplomat or foreign personalities)
7. The Apostolic Nunciature and Diplomatic corp
8. Foreign Ambassadors
9. Concurrent Ambassadors
10. The President of the Constitutional Court (Cristina Pardo Schlesinger)
11. The President of Senate (Iván Name)
12. The President of the Supreme Court of Justice (Luis Antonio Hernández)
13. The President of the Council of State (Jaime Enrique Rodríguez)
14. The President of the Chamber of Representatives (Andrés Calle)
15. The President of the Superior Council of Judicature (Aurelio Enrique Rodríguez Guzmán)
16. The National Electoral Council
17. Current Government Ministers (in their respective order of origin)
    1. Minister of the Interior (Luis Fernando Velasco)
    2. Minister of Foreign Affairs (Álvaro Leyva)
    3. Minister of Finance and Public Credit (Ricardo Bonilla)
    4. Minister of Justice and Law (Néstor Osuna)
    5. Minister of Defense (Iván Velásquez)
    6. Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development (Jhenifer Mojica)
    7. Minister of Health and Social Protection (Guillermo Jaramillo)
    8. Minister of Labour (Gloria Inés Ramírez)
    9. Minister of Mines and Energy (Irene Vélez)
    10. Minister of Commerce (Germán Umaña)
    11. Minister of Education (Aurora Vergara)
    12. Minister of Environment (Susana Muhamad)
    13. Minister of Housing, City and Territory (Catalina Velasco)
    14. Minister of Information Technologies and Communications (Mauricio Lizcano)
    15. Minister of Transport (William Camargo)
    16. Minister of Culture (Jorge Zorro)
    17. Minister of Sports (Astrid Rodríguez)
    18. Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation (Yesenia Olaya)
18. The National Planning Department
19. The Administrative Department of Social Prosperity
20. The High Commissioner for Peace (Danilo Rueda)
21. The Presidential Advisors
    1. The Counselor for Women's Equality (Clemecia Carabalí)
    2. The Councilor for the Regions (Sandra Ortiz)
    3. The Counselor for Human Rights (Jenny de la Torre)
    4. The Counselor for National Reconciliation (Eva Ferrer)
22. The Attorney General of the Nation
23. The Commanders of the Armed Forces (by creation of branch)
    1. Commander of the Military Forces (Major general Helder Giraldo)
    2. General Staff of the Colombian Military Forces (Vice admiral José Joaquín Amézquita)
    3. Commander-in-chief of the National Army (General Luis Mauricio Opina)
    4. Commander-in-chief of the National Navy (Vice admiral Francisco Cubides)
    5. Commander-in-chief of the Air Force (General Luis Carlos Córdoba)
    6. Commander-in-chief of the National Police (General Henry Sanabria)
24. Governors of Departments \- when outside their own department (Relative precedence among governors, all of whom are outside their own department, is determined by each department's date of creation or alphabetically by department)
    1. Governor of Amazonas
    2. Governor of Antioquia (Andrés Julián Rendon)
    3. Governor of Arauca (José Facundo Castillo)
    4. Governor of Atlántico (Elsa Noguera)
    5. Governor of Bolívar (Vicente Antonio Blel)
    6. Governor of Boyacá (Ramiro Barragán Adame)
    7. Governor of Caldas (Luis Carlos Velásquez)
    8. Governor of Caquetá (Arnulfo Gasca Trujillo)
    9. Governor of Casanare (Salomón Andrés Sanabria)
    10. Governor of Cauca (Elías Larrahondo Carabalí)
    11. Governor of Cesar (Luis Alberto Monsalvo Gnecco)
    12. Governor of Chocó (Ariel Palacios)
    13. Governor of Córdoba (Erasmo Zuleta)
    14. Governor of Cundinamarca (Nicolás García)
    15. Governor of Guainía (Juan Carlos Iral)
    16. Governor of Guaviare (Heydeer Yovanny Palacio)
    17. Governor of Huila (Luis Enrique Dussán)
    18. Governor of La Guajira (Nemesio Roys Garzón)
    19. Governor of Magdalena (Carlos Caicedo)
    20. Governor of Meta (Juan Guillermo Zuluaga)
    21. Governor of Nariño (Jhon Alexander Rojas)
    22. Governort of North Santander (Silvano Serrano)
    23. Governor of Putumayo (Buanerges Rosero)
    24. Governor of Quindío (Roberto Jaramillo)
    25. Governor of Risaralda (Sigifredo Salazar)
    26. Governor of San Andrés y Providencia (Everth Julio Hawkins)
    27. Governor of Santander (Mauricio Aguilar)
    28. Governor of Sucre (Hector Olimpo)
    29. Governor of Tolima (José Ricardo Orozco)
    30. Governor of Valle del Cauca (Clara Luz Roldán)
    31. Governor of Vaupés (Elícer Pérez)
    32. Governor of Vichada (Álvaro Arley León)
    33. Mayor of the Capital District (Carlos Fernando Galán)
25. The Vice Presidents of the Senate
    1. The First Vice President (Miguel Ángel Pinto)
    2. The Second Vice President (Honorio Henríquez)
26. The Vice Presidents of the Chamber
    1. The First Vice President (Olga Lucía Velásquez)
    2. The Second Vice President (Erika Tatiana Sánchez)
27. The Senators (by alphabetical order)
28. The Members and the Prosecutor of the Supreme Court
29. The Members of the Constitutional Court

1. "Compilación de la Legislación Aplicable al Distrito Capital :: RÈgimen Legal de Bogotá". *www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co*. Retrieved 2022-03-17.
2. "Manual de Protocolo y Ceremonial del Senado de la República". senado.gov.co. October 14, 2020. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
3. *10. Protocolo de Gobierno y Diplomáticos en Colombia*. protocolo.org. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
4. "Nuevo orden de precedencia ministerial". *elnuevosiglo.com.co*. December 22, 2022. Retrieved December 14, 2022.


title: KINS-FM

abstract: KINS-FM is a radio station broadcasting a news/talk format. Licensed to Blue Lake, California, United States, the station is currently owned by Eureka Broadcasting Co., Inc. and features programming from CBS Radio Network.

text:
# KINS-FM

**KINS-FM** (106.3 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a news/talk format. Licensed to Blue Lake, California, United States, the station is currently owned by Eureka Broadcasting Co., Inc. and features programming from CBS Radio Network.

## InfoBox

KINS-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Eureka, California |
| Frequency | 106.3 MHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | News/Talk |
| Affiliations | CBS Radio News |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Eureka Broadcasting Co., Inc. |
| History | |
| First air date | 2007 (as KEJY) |
| Former call signs | KEJY (2006–2011) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 165975 |
| Class | C2 |
| ERP | 3,300 watts |
| HAAT | 516 meters |
| Transmitter coordinates | 40°43′38.90″N 123°58′17.00″W / 40.7274722°N 123.9713889°W / 40.7274722; -123.9713889 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | kins1063.com |


title: Spin Off (Canadian game show)

abstract: Spin Off is a Canadian game show created and produced by Mark Burnett for CHCH-DT. The series is hosted by Canadian comedian Elvira Kurt and debuted on September 11, 2013. The show appeared to only have one season, and reruns air randomly on CHCH overnight and weekends.

text:
# Spin Off (Canadian game show)

***Spin Off*** is a Canadian game show created and produced by Mark Burnett for CHCH-DT. The series is hosted by Canadian comedian Elvira Kurt and debuted on September 11, 2013. The show appeared to only have one season, and reruns air randomly on CHCH overnight and weekends.

## Gameplay

There is one contestant at a time, who answers questions in sequence while the results are displayed by changing the colours of wedges on a large wheel. The game consists of up to three numbered rounds followed by an Endgame round, unless the player is eliminated sooner. The player "banks" money for correct answers and the amount may be changed by a spin of the wheel at the end of each round. A player who is eliminated wins nothing.

### Rounds 1, 2, and 3

The wheel displays six wedges that all start as either red or green. Each correct answer changes one red wedge to green, or a green one to gold if there are no red wedges. An incorrect answer changes one green wedge to red, or eliminates the player if all six are already red. The wheel starts with one red wedge in Round 1, and one more is added for each subsequent round. Questions are worth $200 each in Round 1, $400 in Round 2, and $600 in Round 3.

A total of five questions are asked per round, or six if the entire wheel is the same colour after the fifth one. The wheel is then subdivided into 18 smaller wedges, maintaining the same proportions of the three colours, and the player takes one spin. If the wheel stops on red, the player is eliminated; a green wedge has no effect, while a gold one doubles the money banked in that round.

If either of the first two rounds ends without the player being eliminated, they may choose to proceed to the next round or play the Endgame immediately.

### Endgame

The wheel again displays six wedges, one of which is initially green and marked with the total banked in Rounds 1 through 3. The other five are blank. The player answers five more questions; each correct answer allows them to press one of five green buttons, while each miss forces them to press one of five red ones. The green buttons correspond randomly to the outcomes **×1**, **×2**, **×3**, **×4**, and **×5**; the red buttons correspond randomly to **÷2**, **÷3**, **÷4**, and **÷5**, and **BUST**. Each button press turns one blank wedge to its colour and marks it with the assigned value.

After answering the last question, the player spins the wheel once and wins the banked total for hitting it, nothing at all for hitting **BUST**, or the total multiplied/divided by the displayed number for hitting any other space.

The maximum potential winnings total is $60,000, obtained by answering five questions correctly in Rounds 1 through 3, spinning gold each time, finding the **x5** wedge with a correct answer in the Endgame, and landing on it.

## InfoBox

| *Spin Off* | |
| --- | --- |
| Created by | Mark Burnett |
| Presented by | Elvira Kurt |
| Country of origin | Canada |
| Production | |
| Running time | 30 minutes |
| Production companies | One Three Media
Suddenly SeeMore Productions |
| Original release | |
| Network | Syndicated via CHCH-DT |
| Release | September 11, 2013 (2013-09-11)
2014 (2014) |


title: Toulouse Regional Conservatory

abstract: The Toulouse Regional Conservatory is a state-run arts college in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, France. Represented by the Direction régionale des Affaires culturelles (DRAC), it offers specialist education in music, choreography and drama.

text:
# Toulouse Regional Conservatory

The **Toulouse Regional Conservatory** is a state-run arts college in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, France. Represented by the Direction régionale des Affaires culturelles (DRAC), it offers specialist education in music, choreography and drama.

## History

Founded on March 13, 1820, the Toulouse School of Music became a branch of the Paris Conservatoire in 1840.

From 1866 until 1993, the school was located on rue Labéda (site of today's Théâtre de la Cité, no. 4), after which it moved to the former Hôpital Larrey, where it remains today.

## Partnerships

In partnership with the French Ministry of Education, the Conservatoire is part of a cycle of classes à horaires aménagés. Elementary schools Lakanal (music and dance) and Rangueil (choral singing), collège Michelet (instrument, voice and dance) and lycée Saint-Sernin all take part in this program.

1. Base Mérimée: Ancien hôpital Larrey, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
2. Le site du CRR de Toulouse
3. Le CRR sur le site de la Cité de la musique


title: Cheiridopsis purpurea

abstract: Cheiridopsis purpurea is a species of succulent plant from South Africa. It is found growing in the succulent Karoo vegetation type.

text:
# Cheiridopsis purpurea

***Cheiridopsis purpurea*** is a species of succulent plant from South Africa. It is found growing in the succulent Karoo vegetation type.

## Description

This small and robus clump-forming succulent grows 8–12 cm (3.1–4.7 in) tall with a diameter of up to 40 cm (16 in). It often becomes raggedy with age. The triangular leaves are paired, with both leaves in each pair being about the same size (3–5 cm (1.2–2.0 in) long). Cultivated specimens may have three pairs of leaves per branch, while those in the wild have one or two pairs per branch. The leaves are fused when young, separating as they mature. They are grey-green in colour with slightly crimped margins and are spotted with transparent dots. They have a keel, which may or may not have teeth. The old leaves form persistent corky brown sheaths that protect new growth when they dry out and die.

Flowers are present between June and September. They are open between midday and sunset, closing for the night and morning. They have a diameter of about 4 cm (1.6 in) and are a bright magenta in colour. This species differs from others in this genus in that the petals do not fully unfold, but hide the stamens and feather stigmas. The anthers are grey.

This plant forms a cylindrical 10-locular fruit. They have stiff bristles at the tips of the expanding keels.

## Distribution and habitat

This species is endemic to the Northern Cape of South Africa. It has a range of less than 500 km2 (190 sq mi) between Karrachab and Maerfontein in the Richtersveld region. It is found growing in crevices in quartzite bands in sandstone areas.

## History and etymology

This species was first described in 1931 by Harriet Margaret Louisa Bolus. The scientific name refers to the colour of the flowers.

## Ecology

This plant is pollinated by insects.

The capsules open when wet, releasing only a few seeds at a time. This ensures that seeds are still available should conditions be more favourable further down the line. This complex capsule is important in light of the relatively short lifespan of this species. It is beneficial to set seed whenever conditions may be suitable for new growth, while still holding out for times when conditions make it more likely that young plants survive.

## Conservation

While this species is not currently threatened, it is considered to be rare by the South African National Biodiversity Institute due as it is a habitat specialist and has a small range. The combination of these two factors mean that it is not a common species, even if it is not yet uncommon enough or threatened enough to be considered at risk of extinction.

1. "*Cheiridopsis purpurea*". *Global Biodiversity Information Facility*. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
2. Wolfaardt, Lize (2012). "Cheiridopsis purpurea L.Bolus". *PlantZAfrica*. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
3. e-Flora of South Africa. v1.36. 2022. South African National Biodiversity Institute. http://ipt.sanbi.org.za/iptsanbi/resource?r=flora\_descriptions&v=1.36
4. Snijman, D.A. (2013). *Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Regionn, Vol. 2: the Extra Cape flora* (PDF). Strelitzia. John Manning, Peter Goldblatt. Pretoria: South African National Biodiversity Institute. ISBN 978-1-919976-74-7. OCLC 866860203.
5. Raimondo, D.; Cholo, F. (2009). "Cheiridopsis purpurea L.Bolus. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2020.1". *SANBI Red List of South African Plants*. Retrieved 3 February 2023.

## InfoBox

| *Cheiridopsis purpurea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Aizoaceae |
| Genus: | *Cheiridopsis* |
| Species: | ***C. purpurea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cheiridopsis purpurea***
L.Bolus | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cheiridopsis purpurata* L.Bolus * *Cheiridopsis splendens* L.Bolus | |


title: Ryan Johnson (artist)

abstract:
Ryan Johnson is a visual artist based in Brooklyn, New York. His sculptures are "made from a variety of materials, among them wood, medical casting tape and sheet metal," and they have been described as having "strange spatial compressions, surreal displacements and quasi-Futurist illusions of movement." Johnson grew up in Jakarta, Indonesia, and graduated from Jakarta International School.
He holds a BFA from Pratt Institute and an MFA from Columbia University. His work has been featured in exhibitions at MoMA PS1 in New York, Casino Luxembourg - Forum d'Art Contemporain, The Contemporary Museum, Honolulu, and the Saatchi Gallery in London.

text:
# Ryan Johnson (artist)

**Ryan Johnson** (born 1978) is a visual artist based in Brooklyn, New York. His sculptures are "made from a variety of materials, among them wood, medical casting tape and sheet metal," and they have been described as having "strange spatial compressions, surreal displacements and quasi-Futurist illusions of movement."

Johnson grew up in Jakarta, Indonesia, and graduated from Jakarta International School. He holds a BFA from Pratt Institute and an MFA from Columbia University. His work has been featured in exhibitions at MoMA PS1 in New York, Casino Luxembourg - Forum d'Art Contemporain, The Contemporary Museum, Honolulu (now the Honolulu Museum of Art Spalding House), and the Saatchi Gallery in London (among others).

## Solo exhibitions

**2017** *Life Study*, Nicelle Beauchene Gallery, New York, NY

**2012** *Self Storage*, Suzanne Geiss Company, New York, NY

**2010** *Description of a Struggle*, Sikkema Jenkins and Co., New York, NY

**2008** *Watchman, Guild & Greyshkul*, New York, NY

**2007** *Ambien Eyes*, Franco Soffiantino Arte Contemporanea, Turin, Italy

**2005** *Modern Human Animal*, LFL Gallery, New York, NY

## Selected group exhibitions

**2018** *Visitors from Shallow Space*, Fresh Window, Brooklyn, NY

**2017** *Cupid Angling*, John H. Baker Gallery, West Chester University, West Chester, PA

**2016** *Fort Greene*, curated by Adrianne Rubenstein, Venus LA, Los Angeles, CA *Life Study*, EDDYSROOM, Greenpoint, NY

**2015** *Under Foundations*, curated by Jess Wilcox, Sculpture Center, Long Island City, NY *Eagles II*, Galeria Marlborough, Madrid, Spain

**2014** *Forever*, Metropolitan Art Society, Beirut, Lebanon *Imaginary Portraits*, curated by Dodie Kazanjian, Gallery Met, New York, NY *Pale Fire*, Leroy Neiman Gallery, Columbia University, New York, NY

**2013** *High, Low, and In Between*, with Ryan Johnson, Johannes VanDerBeek, and Sara VanDerBeek, White Flag Projects, St. Louis, MO

**2012** *Pewter Wings, Golden Horns, Stone Veils*, GRIMM Gallery, The Netherlands

**2010** *NeoIntegrity: Comics Edition*, Museum of Comics and Cartoon Art, New York, NY

**2009** *Abstract America: New Painting and Sculpture*, Saatchi Gallery, London, UK *On From Here*, Guild & Greyshkul, New York, NY

**2008** *Without Walls*, Museum 52, New York, NY
*Imaginary Thing*, curated by Peter Eleey, Aspen Art Museum, Aspen, CO

**2007** *BRAIN FORM*, Guild & Greyshkul, New York, NY
*Capricci (possibilities of other worlds)*, Casino Luxembourg – Forum d'Art Contemporain, Luxembourg
*MASH*, The Helena, New York, NY

**2006** *2006 Untitled (For H.C. Westermann)*, curated by Michael Rooks, The Contemporary Museum, Honolulu, HI
*Metaphysics of Youth*, curated by Luigi Fassi and Irina Zucca Alessandrelli, Artenova-Fuoriuso, Pescara, Italy
*Turn the Beat Around*, Sikkema Jenkins and Co., New York, NY
*Ionesco's Friends*, curated by Irina Zucca Alessandrelli, Franco Soffiantino Arte Contemporanea, Turin, Italy

**2005** *Greater New York P.S.1*, Queens, NY
*Who is the Protagonist?* curated by Ohad Meromi, Guild & Greyshkul, New York, NY

**2004** *Pattern Playback*, curated by Silvia Cubina, The Moore Space, Miami, FL
*Four-Ply*, Andrea Rosen Gallery, New York, NY
*Hung, Drawn, and Quartered*, curated by Miriam Katzeff, Team Gallery, New York, NY

**2003** *Pantone*, curated by David Hunt, Massimo Audiello, New York, NY
*Burnt Orange*, Heresy Space 101, Brooklyn, NY

1. "Ryan Johnson - Artist - Saatchi Gallery". *www.saatchigallery.com*. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
2. "archive.ph". *archive.ph*. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
3. Rosenberg, Karen (2012-12-06). "Ryan Johnson: 'Self Storage'". *The New York Times*. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
4. "UPS and Ogilvy on Apparent Rip-Off: No Similarities Here! Who's Ryan Johnson?" *FastCo Design*, August 2010 http://www.fastcodesign.com/1662181/ups-and-ogilvy-on-apparent-rip-off-no-similarities-here-whos-ryan-johnson
5. “Ryan Johnson on How His New Works Reflect the angst of Early Adulthood,” Video on *Artinfo.com*, November 2012 http://www.blouinartinfo.com/news/story/837071/video-ryan-johnson-on-how-his-new-works-reflect-the-angst-of

## Further reading

Interview with the Ryan Johnson 2012 lodownmagazine.com

## InfoBox

| Ryan Johnson | |
| --- | --- |
| Ryan Johnson in his Brooklyn studio, 2009 | |
| Born | 1978 (age 4546)<br>Karachi, Pakistan |
| Nationality | American |
| Known for | Sculpture |


title: City of Elizabeth

abstract: The City of Elizabeth was a local government area located in the northern suburbs of Adelaide and seated at Elizabeth from 1964 to 1997.

text:
# City of Elizabeth

The **City of Elizabeth** was a local government area located in the northern suburbs of Adelaide and seated at Elizabeth from 1964 to 1997.

## History

Prior to the 1950s, most of the area surrounding today's suburb of Elizabeth was farming estates. After the end of the Second World War and the accompanying shortage of materials, the state government decided that South Australia needed to grow and become an industrialised state.

A satellite city was planned for northern metropolitan fringe of Adelaide, and the South Australian Housing Trust initiated a housing development program in the area, with a purchase of 3,000 acres (1,200 ha) of rural land between the established townships of Salisbury and Smithfield. In 1950 during the early planning stages the name Munno Para headed a list of names recommended by the Premier to the State's Nomenclature Committee name for the new satellite town. The first survey and works started in July 1954. Initially it was proposed that the Civic Administration of the New Town would be shared between the Salisbury and Munno Para 'East' District Councils.

Elizabeth, the suburb, was established within the District Council of Salisbury on 16 November 1955, being named after Queen Elizabeth II, who visited the city in 1963. More than seven years later, the Salisbury council was renamed to be the District Council of Salisbury and Elizabeth on 22 August 1963, in recognition of the burgeoning community on its northern lands. A year later, on 1 July 1964, the municipality of the **Town of Elizabeth** was created by severance from the District Council of Salisbury and Elizabeth, and the latter reverted to the name Salisbury.

The new municipality encompassed most or all of the suburbs of Elizabeth North, to the north, Elizabeth Park, to the north east, Elizabeth East, to the east, Elizabeth Grove and Elizabeth Vale, to the south east, Elizabeth South, to the south and south west, and Elizabeth West (now most of Edinburgh North and the southern half of Davoren Park), to the north west.

The City of Elizabeth was amalgamated with the City of Munno Para in 1997 to form the City of Playford. Twenty years hence, the term 'Elizabeth', in the context of Adelaide, still typically referred to the pre-amalgamation municipality encompassing both the suburb of Elizabeth and those suburbs surrounding it, and the distinct community they comprised.

A total of nine suburban localities clustered around the Elizabeth town centre were named for the City of Elizabeth, by which they were locally governed at some point:

## Community

The early town centre, now Elizabeth City Centre, had open air shopping malls and a theatre called the Octagon. Residential suburbs of Elizabeth were established with the earliest being Elizabeth South and Elizabeth North. Each was configured as a local community around a small shopping centre containing a supermarket, bank, hotel and service station along with other shops. Automotive manufacturer Holden established a manufacturing plant in the area, becoming a major employer along with the Department of Defence with its Long Range Weapons Establishment, later the Defence Science and Technology Organisation, and RAAF Base Edinburgh. Migrants were encouraged to settle in Elizabeth and its suburbs.

Elizabeth had large areas of open space, with the most prominent being Fremont Park, on Main North Road. Elizabeth was the sister city of Fremont, California; Lake Elizabeth in Fremont Central Park is named for the city.

Elizabeth also had a strong music scene, providing a home for Jimmy Barnes, John Swan, Bernard "Doc" Neeson and Glenn Shorrock, among other musicians.

## Mayors of Elizabeth

* Eugene Francis O'Sullivan (1964–1965)
* Stewart Lynn Gilchrist (1965–1968)
* Lloyd Maxwell Duffield (1968–1972)
* Joyce Eastland (1972–1977)
* Terry Hemmings (1977–1979)
* Eve Edge (1979–1980)
* Donald Paginton (1980–1981)
* Martyn Evans (1981–1984)
* Alfred (Alf) Thomas Charles (1989–1995)
* Marilyn Baker (1995-1997)

## Neighbouring local government

The following adjacent local government bodies co-existed with the Elizabeth council:

## InfoBox

| City of Elizabeth<br>South Australia | |
| --- | --- |
| City of Playford civic centre in 2017, formerly the City of Elizabeth council seat | |
| City of Elizabeth | |
| Coordinates | 34°42′54″S 138°40′12″E / 34.71500°S 138.67000°E / -34.71500; 138.67000 |
| Established | 1964 |
| Abolished | 1997 |
| Council seat | Elizabeth |
| **LGAs around City of Elizabeth:**  Munno Para Munno Para Munno Para  Salisbury City of Elizabeth Munno Para  Salisbury Salisbury Tea Tree Gully | |