title: Donald Lee (American football)

abstract: Donald Tywon Lee is a former American football tight end in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Mississippi State Bulldogs. He was selected by the Miami Dolphins in the fifth round of the 2003 NFL draft and spent two seasons with the team. He also played for the Green Bay Packers from 2005 to 2010 and the Cincinnati Bengals from 2011 to 2012. With Green Bay, he won Super Bowl XLV against the Pittsburgh Steelers.

text:
# Donald Lee (American football)

**Donald Tywon Lee** (born August 31, 1980) is a former American football tight end in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Mississippi State Bulldogs. He was selected by the Miami Dolphins in the fifth round of the 2003 NFL draft and spent two seasons with the team. He also played for the Green Bay Packers from 2005 to 2010 and the Cincinnati Bengals from 2011 to 2012. With Green Bay, he won Super Bowl XLV against the Pittsburgh Steelers.

## Early years

Lee attended Maben High School in Mississippi, where he lettered in football, track, and basketball.

## College career

Before his professional career, Lee was a four-year letterman at Mississippi State from 1999 to 2002.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 ft 3 in
(1.91 m) | 249 lb
(113 kg) | 32+12 in
(0.83 m) | 9+12 in
(0.24 m) | 4.82 s | 1.67 s | 2.81 s | 4.42 s | 7.42 s | 39 in
(0.99 m) | 10 ft 0 in
(3.05 m) | 26 reps |
| All values from NFL Combine. | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Miami Dolphins

Lee was selected by the Miami Dolphins in the fifth round, 156th overall in the 2003 NFL draft. He went on to play two years for the Dolphins.

### Green Bay Packers

In the 2005 NFL season, Lee was signed by the Green Bay Packers in free agency.

After the injury of Bubba Franks, Lee gained more playing time. He finished the season fourth in receiving (1st among tight ends) for the Packers.

In November 2007, Lee signed a four-year contract extension with the Packers for $12 million. On November 18, 2007, Lee had the first multi-touchdown game of his career as he caught two touchdown passes from Brett Favre in a 31–17 victory over the Carolina Panthers. Lee also found the end zone in Favre's record setting day for "most passing yards" on December 16, 2007, vs. the St. Louis Rams. Lee finished the 2007 season with 48 receptions for 575 yards and six touchdowns. He also caught Favre's final touchdown pass as a Packer during the NFC Championship Game against the New York Giants on January 20, 2008.

His final career touchdown and his final reception as a Packer was a game-winning fourth-quarter touchdown in a must-win Week 17 victory over the Chicago Bears, in which the Packers won 10–3. Had the Packers tied or lost that game, they would have missed the playoffs. Lee appeared in all four playoff games thereafter on the way to Green Bay's fourth-ever Super Bowl victory.

On March 2, 2011, Lee was released by the Packers.

### Philadelphia Eagles

On July 29, 2011, Lee was signed to a one-year contract with the Philadelphia Eagles. He was released during final roster cuts on September 3.

### Cincinnati Bengals

Lee was signed by the Cincinnati Bengals on September 14, 2011. Lee was released by the Bengals on September 27, 2012.

### Regular season statistics

| Year | Receiving | | | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Team | G | Rec | Yds | TD | Avg |  |
| 2003 | MIA | 16 | 7 | 110 | 1 | 15.7 |
| 2004 | MIA | 16 | 13 | 110 | 1 | 8.5 |
| 2005 | GB | 15 | 33 | 294 | 2 | 8.9 |
| 2006 | GB | 15 | 10 | 150 | 0 | 15.0 |
| 2007 | GB | 15 | 48 | 575 | 6 | 12.0 |
| 2008 | GB | 16 | 39 | 303 | 5 | 7.8 |
| 2009 | GB | 16 | 37 | 260 | 1 | 7.0 |
| 2010 | GB | 15 | 11 | 73 | 3 | 6.6 |
| 2011 | CIN | 9 | 11 | 115 | 0 | 10.5 |
| Total |  | 109 | 187 | 1802 | 16 | 9.6 |

### Post-season statistics

| Year | Receiving | | | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Team | G | Rec | Yds | TD | Avg |  |
| 2007 | GB | 2 | 5 | 51 | 1 | 10.2 |
| 2009 | GB | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2010 | GB | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2011 | CIN | 1 | 1 | 36 | 0 | 36.0 |
| Total |  | 7 | 6 | 87 | 1 | 10.9 |

## Personal life

Lee was dating former WNBA player Anriel Howard better known as current WWE NXT Superstar Lash Legend. He also has two children, Donsha and Don Lee Jr.

## InfoBox

Donald Lee
| Lee with the Packers in 2007 | |
| --- | --- |
| No. 85, 86 | |
| Position: | Tight end |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1980-08-31) August 31, 1980
Maben, Mississippi, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) |
| Weight: | 248 lb (112 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Maben |
| College: | Mississippi State |
| NFL draft: | 2003 / round: 5 / pick: 156 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Receptions: 209  Receiving yards: 1,990  Receiving touchdowns: 19 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Ceradenia

abstract: Ceradenia is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).

text:
# Ceradenia

***Ceradenia*** is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).

## Species

As of February 2020, the *Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World* accepted the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Ceradenia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Polypodiales |
| Suborder: | Polypodiineae |
| Family: | Polypodiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Grammitidoideae |
| Genus: | *Ceradenia*
L.E.Bishop |
|
| Type species | |
| *Ceradenia curvata*
(Sw.) L.E.Bishop | |


title: Bob Douglas

abstract: Robert L. Douglas was the founder of the New York Renaissance basketball team, the first fully all-black professional black-owned basketball team.

text:
# Bob Douglas

**Robert L. Douglas** (b. (St. Kitts) November 4, 1882 – d. (unknown) July 16, 1979) was the founder of the New York Renaissance basketball team, the first fully all-black professional black-owned basketball team.

## Career

Nicknamed the "Father of Black Professional Basketball", Douglas owned and coached the Rens from 1923 to 1949, guiding them to a 2,318-381 record (.859).

The Rens barnstormed throughout the United States, mostly in the Midwest, and played any team that would schedule them, black or white. Traveling as far as 200 miles for a game, they often slept on the bus and ate cold meals; they were barred from many hotels and restaurants by Jim Crow laws and norms of racial discrimination which prevailed in the northern United States at the time.

The Rens soon became a dominant team, winning as many as 88 consecutive games during the 193233 season. In the twenties and early thirties, their matches with the Original Celtics were basketball's greatest gate attraction. At the World Professional Basketball Tournament they won in 1939, lost to the eventual champion Harlem Globetrotters in 1940, and finished second to the National Basketball League champion Minneapolis Lakers in 1948.

## Accolades

He was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame as a contributor in 1972, the first African American enshrined.

## InfoBox

| Robert (Bob) L. Douglas | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1882-11-04)November 4, 1882
Saint Kitts, British West Indies |
| Died | July 16, 1979(1979-07-16) (aged 96)
New York, New York, U.S. |
| Occupation | Hall of Fame, Contributor |


abstract: The 1950 Lewis & Clark Pioneers football team was an American football team that represented Lewis & Clark College of Portland, Oregon, as a member of the Northwest Conference (NWC) during the 1950 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach Joe Huston, the Pioneers compiled a perfect 9–0 record, won the NWC championship, shut out five opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 327 to 32. As the NWC champion, the Lewis & Clark was invited to play in the Pear Bowl in Medford, Oregon. The Pioneers easily defeated the San Francisco Gators, 61 to 7, led by the rushing attack of Dick Walker and Rube Maisch and the passing of Clarke Anderson. They were also considered for the Pineapple Bowl on January 1, but the game's organizers instead invited the Denver Pioneers despite a 3–7–1 record. Eleven Lewis & Clark players were selected by Northwest Conference coaches as first-team players on the 1950 all-conference team. Five were named to the offensive team: halfback Rueben Baisch; fullback Stan Blair; guard Jim King; and tackles Elden Stender and Bill O'Hara. Six were named to the defensive team: ends Phil Fraser and Bill Bell; tackle Guy Gerber; guard Bud Cox; halfback Dick Voll; and safety Fred Wilson. The Pioneers also played four on the United Press' small-college all-coast football team: back Reuben Baisch, guard Bud Cox, tackle Bill O'Hara, and defensive back Blair. The team played home games at Multnomah Stadium and the Vaughn Street ballpark in Portland, Oregon.

text:
# 1950 Lewis & Clark Pioneers football team

1950 Northwest Conference football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |
| Lewis & Clark $ | 5 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 9 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
| Pacific (OR) | 3 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 7 |  | 2 |  | 0 |
| Linfield | 3 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 6 |  | 3 |  | 0 |
| College of Idaho | 2 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 4 |  | 5 |  | 0 |
| Willamette | 1 |  | 4 |  | 0 |  |  | 4 |  | 4 |  | 2 |
| Whitman | 1 |  | 4 |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  | 6 |  | 0 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * $  Conference champion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1950 Lewis & Clark Pioneers football team** was an American football team that represented Lewis & Clark College of Portland, Oregon, as a member of the Northwest Conference (NWC) during the 1950 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach Joe Huston, the Pioneers compiled a perfect 9–0 record (5–0 in conference games), won the NWC championship, shut out five opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 327 to 32.

As the NWC champion, the Lewis & Clark was invited to play in the Pear Bowl in Medford, Oregon. The Pioneers easily defeated the San Francisco Gators, 61 to 7, led by the rushing attack of Dick Walker and Rube Maisch and the passing of Clarke Anderson. They were also considered for the Pineapple Bowl on January 1, but the game's organizers instead invited the Denver Pioneers despite a 3–7–1 record.

Eleven Lewis & Clark players were selected by Northwest Conference coaches as first-team players on the 1950 all-conference team. Five were named to the offensive team: halfback Rueben Baisch; fullback Stan Blair; guard Jim King; and tackles Elden Stender and Bill O'Hara. Six were named to the defensive team: ends Phil Fraser and Bill Bell; tackle Guy Gerber; guard Bud Cox; halfback Dick Voll; and safety Fred Wilson. The Pioneers also played four on the United Press' small-college all-coast football team: back Reuben Baisch, guard Bud Cox, tackle Bill O'Hara, and defensive back Blair.

The team played home games at Multnomah Stadium and the Vaughn Street ballpark in Portland, Oregon.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 16 | Oregon College* |  | W 28–13 |  |
| September 23 | vs. Southern Oregon* |  | W 27–6 |  |
| October 7 | at Linfield | McMinnville, OR | W 44–0 |  |
| October 14 | at Pacific (OR) | Forest Grove, OR | W 24–0 |  |
| October 21 | Willamette | Portland, OR | W 20–6 |  |
| October 28 | Vanport | Portland, OR | W 38–0 |  |
| November 4 | Whitman | * Vaughn Street ballpark * Portland, OR | W 32–0 |  |
| November 11 | College of Idaho | Portland, OR | W 53–0 |  |
| November 23 | vs. San Francisco State |  | W 61–7 |  |
| * \*Non-conference game | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1950 Lewis & Clark Pioneers football | |
| --- | --- |
| NWC champion<br>Pear Bowl champion | |
| Pear Bowl, W 61–7 vs. San Francisco State | |
| Conference | Northwest Conference |
| Record | 9–0 (5–0 NWC) |
| Head coach |  |
| Home stadium | Multnomah Stadium, Vaughn Street ballpark |
|


title: Sophie von La Roche

abstract: Marie Sophie von La Roche was a German novelist. She is considered the first financially independent female professional writer in Germany.

text:
# Sophie von La Roche

**Marie Sophie von La Roche** (née **Gutermann von Gutershofen**; 6 December 1730 – 18 February 1807) was a German novelist. She is considered the first financially independent female professional writer in Germany.

## Biography

Sophie von La Roche was born in Kaufbeuren, present-day Germany, the oldest child of the doctor Georg Friedrich Gutermann and his wife, Regina Barbara Gutermann (née Unold). Gutermann was originally from Biberach. La Roche spent the majority of her childhood in Augsburg, under strict Pietist upbringing, and made frequent visits to Biberach. There she became the friend of Christoph Martin Wieland, and became engaged to him.

In 1753, however, she married Georg Michael Anton Frank Maria von La Rochecompletely surprising to her fiancé Wieland, who at the time lived in Switzerland. Georg von La Roche was an illegitimate son of Anton Heinrich Friedrich von Stadion and a dancer, Catharina La Roche. Stadion took custody of the boy and provided for his education as a secretary. Georg and Sophie had eight children, five survived past childhood: Maximiliane (1756–1793), Fritz (born 1757), Luise (born 1759), Carl (1766–1839) and Franz Wilhelm (1768–1791).

From 1761 to 1768, Sophie La Roche was a lady of the court at her father-in-law's castle Warthausen, near Biberach (where Sophie and Wieland encountered each other once again). There was a comprehensive library (1,440 volumes, 550 works) at the castle, which is today mostly at the Bohemian castle Kozel near Pilsen. She composed letter correspondence in court-sanctioned French and accompanied the Count often to his country estate in Bönnigheim. Through the Count's will, La Roche's husband was appointed as supervisor of the Bönningheim estates. La Roche followed her husband there in 1770, and it was there that she completed—on the advice of a parson friend—the novel she had already begun at Warthausen, *Geschichte des Fräuleins von Sternheim* (*History of Fräulein von Sternheim*). The novel was published by Wieland in 1771.

Georg von La Roche supervised the Stadion-Warthausen estates until 1771, when he became privy councillor of the Electoral Archbishop of Trier. The career change prompted a move for the family to Ehrenbreitstein. La Roche held a literary salon in their home in the borough of Koblenz, one that Goethe mentions in *Dichtung und Wahrheit*. Among the habitués were Johann Bernhard Basedow, Wilhelm Heinse, the Jacobi brothers, and Johann Kaspar Lavater. She became friends with Johann Heinrich Jung and introduced him to his second wife, Maria Salome von Saint George.

In 1780, La Roche's husband was fired from his office by Electoral Archbishop Clemens Wenzeslaus, due to his outspoken critical opinions of the church. With that, the elegant salon circle in Ehrenbreitstein came to a sudden end. The family was taken in by a friend in Speyer. In 1788, Georg's death left Sophie widowed. Due to the French Revolutionary occupation of the left bank of the Rhine in 1794, La Roche's widow's pension was cut off, so that she felt forced to secure her income through writing. After her husband's death, she spent her time in Speyer and Offenbach am Main, and traveled to Switzerland, France, Holland and England, which experiences prompted her to write and publish travelogues.

Through her daughter Maximiliane, who was married to the businessman and diplomat Peter Anton Brentano, La Roche became the grandmother of Bettina von Arnim and Clemens Brentano. When Maximiliane died in 1793, La Roche took in three girls of the couple's eight children.

La Roche died in Offenbach am Main. She is buried at the outer wall of the St. Pancras Church in Offenbach-Bürgel.

In the thirteenth book of his *Dichtung und Wahrheit*, Goethe writes of Sophie von La Roche:

> "She was a wonderful woman, and I don't know another to compare her to. Slim and delicately built, more tall than short, she kept a certain elegance into her later years, an elegance which hovered charmingly between the behavior of a fine lady and a worthy middle-class woman."

## Literary-historical significance

La Roche's first novel, published by Wieland in 1771, was her most successful. However, she wrote several other novels. Her works were meant to be morally instructive for young women. Some like *Schönes Bild der Resignation* (1795), were written against the background of the post-revolutionary period. Further expression of the author's pedagogical project "to educate and advise young women about the art of living," came in the form of a periodical *Pomona: Für Teutschlands Töchter* (English: *Pomona: For Germany's Daughters*), which La Roche planned and edited and which was published 1783-1784.

Her work was representative of the Age of Enlightenment and the Sentimental movement (*Empfindsamkeit*) in German literature, and she was one of the most famous women writers of the 18th century. Her first novel *Geschichte des Fräuleins von Sternheim* can be considered a founding text for the German female literary tradition.

## Works in German

* *Geschichte des Fräuleins von Sternheim. Von einer Freundin derselben aus Original-Papieren und andern zuverläßigen Quellen gezogen*. Hrsg. v. Christoph Martin Wieland. 2 Bände. Weidmanns Erben und Reich, Leipzig 1771 (München 2007, dtv, ISBN 978-3-423-13530-6, Originalausgabe)
* *Der Eigensinn der Liebe und Freundschaft, eine Englische Erzählung, nebst einer kleinen deutschen Liebesgeschichte, aus dem Französischen*. Orell, Geßner, Füßli, Zürich 1772
* *Rosaliens Briefe an ihre Freundin Mariane von St\***. 3 Bände. Richter, Altenburg 1780–1781
* *Pomona für Teutschlands Töchter*. Enderes, Speyer 1783-1784
* *Briefe an Lina, ein Buch für junge Frauenzimmer, die ihr Herz und ihren Verstand bilden wollen. Band 1. Lina als Mädchen*. Weiß und Brede, Mannheim 1785; Gräff, Leipzig 1788
* *Neuere moralische Erzählungen*. Richter, Altenburg 1786
* *Tagebuch einer Reise durch die Schweiz* Richter, Altenburg 1787
* *Journal einer Reise durch Frankreich*. Richter, Altenburg 1787
* *Tagebuch einer Reise durch Holland und England*. Weiß und Brede, Offenbach 1788
* *Geschichte von Miß Lony und Der schöne Bund*. C. W. Ettinger, Gotha 1789
* *Briefe über Mannheim*. Orell, Geßner, Füßli, Zürich 1791
* *Lebensbeschreibung von Friderika Baldinger, von ihr selbst verfaßt. Hrsg. und mit einer Vorrede begleitet von Sophie Wittwe von La Roche*. Carl Ludwig Brede, Offenbach 1791
* *Rosalie und Cleberg auf dem Lande*. Weiß und Brede, Offenbach 1791
* *Erinnerungen aus meiner dritten Schweizerreise*. Weiß und Brede, Offenbach 1793
* *Briefe an Lina als Mutter*. 2 Bände. Gräff, Leipzig 1795-1797
* *Schönes Bild der Resignation, eine Erzählung*. Gräff, Leipzig 1796
* *Erscheinungen am See Oneida, mit Kupfern*. 3 Bände. Gräff, Leipzig 1798
* *Mein Schreibetisch*. 2 Bände. Gräff, Leipzig 1799
* *Reise vom Offenbach nach Weimar und Schönebeck im Jahr 1799*. Gräff, Leipzig 1800 (auch als *Schattenrisse abgeschiedener Stunden in Offenbach, Weimar und Schönebeck in Jahre 1799*)
* *Fanny und Julia, oder die Freundinnen*. Gräff, Leipzig 1801
* *Liebe-Hütten*. 2 Bände. Gräff, Leipzig 1804
* *Herbsttage*. Gräff, Leipzig 1805
* *Melusinens Sommerabende*. Hrsg. von Christoph Martin Wieland. Societäts-Buch- und Kunsthandlung, Halle 1806 (Digitalisat)

## Works in English translation

* La Roche, Sophie von. *The History of Lady Sophia Sternheim.* Trans. Christa Baguss Britt. Albany: State University of New York, 1991.
* La Roche, Sophie von. *The History of Lady Sophie Sternheim.* Ed. James Lynn. Trans. Joseph Collyer. Worcester: Billing & Sons 1991. Contains selected bibliography.
* La Roche, Sophie von. "Two Sisters". *Bitter Healing: German Women Writers, 1770-1830.* Ed. Jeanine Blackwell and Susan Zantop. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1990
* La Roche, Sophie von. *Sophie in England*, a translation of the passages on England in the *Journal of a Journey through Holland and England* (1788), trans. Clare Williams. London: Jonathan Cape 1933.
*

## Secondary literature in German

* Becker-Cantarino, Barbara: Meine Liebe zu Büchern. Sophie von La Roche als professionelle Schriftstellerin. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, 2008. ISBN 978-3-8253-5382-7.

* Becker-Cantarino, Barbara; Loster-Schneider, Gudrun (Hgs.): "Ach, wie wünschte ich mir Geld genug, um eine Professur zu stiften": Sophie von La Roche (1730–1807) im literarischen und kulturpolitischen Feld von Aufklärung und Empfindsamkeit. Francke, 2008, ISBN 3-7720-8296-3.
* Eichenauer, Jürgen (Hrsg.): "Meine Freiheit, nach meinem Charakter zu leben". Sophie von La Roche (1730–1807) - Schriftstellerin der Empfindsamkeit. Weimar 2007, ISBN 978-3-89739-572-5.
* Haag, Klaus; Vordestemann, Jürgen (Hrsg.): Meine liebe grüne Stube. Die Schriftstellerin Sophie von La Roche in ihrer Speyerer Zeit (1780–1886). Marsilius, Speyer 2005, ISBN 3-929242-36-2.
* Jost, Erdmut (Kaufbeurer Schriftenreihe): Wege zur weiblichen Glückseligkeit - Die Welt ist das Buch der Frauen. Sophie von La Roches Reisejournale 1784 bis 1786 Bauer-Verlag GmbH, Thalhofen 2007, ISBN 978-3-934509-68-9.
* Mederer, Hanns-Peter : Romanschriftstellerin Sophie von La Roche - eine Tochter Kaufbeurens. In: Das schöne Allgäu 9. 1993, S. 40–42.
* Meighörner, Jeannine : "Was ich als Frau dafür halte". Sophie von La Roche. Deutschlands erste Beststellerautorin. Sutton, Erfurt 2006, ISBN 978-3-86680-062-5.
* Meise, Helga (Hrsg.): Sophie von La Roche – Lesebuch. Ulrike Helmer Verlag, Königstein/Taunus 2006, ISBN 3-89741-111-3 (ausgewählte Werke, darunter auszugsweise der Briefwechsel mit Wieland).
* Oehlmann, Melanie: Sophie von La Roche: Frau und Autorin im Zeitalter der Aufklärung: Wie Roman und Erzählung zur Schule der Frauen werden. VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008, ISBN 3-8364-6660-0.
* Pago, Peter: Der empfindsame Roman der Aufklärung. Christian Fürchtegott Gellert und Sophie von La Roche. Meidenbauer Verlag, 2003, ISBN 3-89975-452-2.
* Strohmeyr, Armin: Sophie von La Roche. Eine Biografie. Reclam, Leipzig 2006, ISBN 3-379-00835-4.
* Wiede-Behrendt, Ingrid : Lehrerin des Schönen, Wahren, Guten. Literatur und Frauenbildung im ausgehenden 18. Jh. am Beispiel Sophie von La Roche. Lang, Frankfurt u. a. 1987, ISBN 3-8204-0961-0.

## Secondary literature in English

* Becker-Cantarino, Barbara: "Sophie von La Roche (1730-1807)." *Women Writers in German Speaking Countries*. Ed. Elke Frederiksen. Greenwood Press, 1998. 288-98.

* Baldwin, Claire. "Sophie von La Roche." *Encyclopedia of German Literature.* Ed. Matthias Konzett. Chicago and London: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2000. 630-631.
* Blackwell, Jeannie. "Sophie von LaRoche." *German writers in the age of Goethe: Sturm und Drang to Classicism. Dictionary of Literary Biography.* Vol. 94. Ed. James Hardin and Christoph E. Schweitzer. Detroit: Bruccoli Clark, 1990. 154-161.
* Blackwell, Jeannie. "Sophie von LaRoche." *Bitter Healing. German Women Writers 1700-1830.* Ed. Jeannie Blackwell and Susanne Zantop. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1990. 147-187.
* Dawson, Ruth P. "The Enabling Effect of Difference: Sophie La Roche (1730-1807).*The Contested Quill: Literature by Women in Germany 1770-1880.* Newark, Del.: University of Delaware, 2002. 92-154.
* Garland, Mary. "La Roche, Sophie von." *The Oxford Companion to German Literature.* 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. 503.
* Joeres, Ruth-Ellen. "That girl is an entirely different character!" Yes, but is she a feminist? Observations on Sophia von La Roche's *Geschichte des Fräulein von Sternheim*." *German Women in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries*. Ed. Ruth-Ellen Joeres and Mary Jo Maynes. Bloomington: Indiana University Press 1986. 137-56.
* Lowry, Helen Mary : "Reisen, sollte ich reisen! England sehen!". A study in eighteenth-century travel accounts. Sophie von La Roche, Johanna Schopenhauer and others. Dissertation, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario 1998 (Volltext, PDF).
* Petschauer, Peter. "Sophie von La Roche, Novelist Between Reason and Emotion." *Germanic Review*. Vol. 61, Spring 1982. 70-77.
* Stoicea, Gabriela. "When History Meets Literature: Jonathan Israel, Sophie von La Roche, and the Problem of Gender.” *The Radical Enlightenment in Germany: A Cultural Perspective*. Ed. Carl Niekerk. Leiden: Brill-Rodopi, 2018. 211-237.
* Stoicea, Gabriela. "Fictions of Legibility: The Human Face and Body in Modern German Novels from Sophie von La Roche to Alfred Döblin." Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 2020.
* Winkle, Sally. *Woman as Bourgeois Ideal: A Study of Sophie von La Roche's "Geschichte des Fräuleins von Sternheim" and Goethe's "Die Leiden des Jungen Werthers".* New York and Bern: Peter Lang, 1988.

Media related to Sophie von La Roche at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Sophie von La Roche | |
| --- | --- |
| Marie Sophie von La Roche | |
| Born | (1730-12-06)6 December 1730
Kaufbeuren, Kingdom of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire |
| Died | 18 February 1807(1807-02-18) (aged 76)
Offenbach am Main, Grand Duchy of Hesse |
| Occupation | Novelist |
| Nationality | German |
| Genre | Epistolary novel, autobiography, periodical literature |
| Literary movement | Enlightenment, *Empfindsamkeit* |
| Spouse | Georg Michael Anton Frank Maria von La Roche (17531788) |
| Children | 8 |
| Relatives | Clemens Brentano (grandson)
Christian Brentano (grandson)
Bettina von Arnim (granddaughter) |


title: Eagris lucetia

abstract: Eagris lucetia is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Cameroon, the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo, southern Sudan, Uganda, western Kenya, western Tanzania, Angola and northern Zambia. The habitat consists of forests and forest margins. The larvae feed on Rhus vulgaris, Rhus villosa and Allophylus subcoriaceus.

text:
# Eagris lucetia

***Eagris lucetia*** is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Cameroon, the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo, southern Sudan, Uganda, western Kenya, western Tanzania, Angola and northern Zambia. The habitat consists of forests and forest margins.

The larvae feed on *Rhus vulgaris*, *Rhus villosa* and *Allophylus subcoriaceus*.

## InfoBox

| *Eagris lucetia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Kakamega Forest, Kenya | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Hesperiidae |
| Genus: | *Eagris* |
| Species: | ***E. lucetia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eagris lucetia***<br>(Hewitson, 1875) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Leucochitonea lucetia* Hewitson, 1875 | |


title: Leucanopsis oruba

abstract: Leucanopsis oruba is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by William Schaus in 1892. It is found in Colombia and Brazil.

text:
# Leucanopsis oruba

***Leucanopsis oruba*** is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by William Schaus in 1892. It is found in Colombia and Brazil.

## InfoBox

| *Leucanopsis oruba* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Leucanopsis* |
| Species: | ***L. oruba*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Leucanopsis oruba***<br>(Schaus, 1892) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Halisidota oruba* Schaus, 1892 | |


title: China Xinhua Airlines

abstract: China Xinhua Airlines was an airline based in Chaoyang District, Beijing, China. It operated scheduled trunk services and charter flights. Its main bases were Beijing Capital International Airport and Tianjin Binhai International Airport. On November 29, 2007, it merged with Shanxi Airlines and Chang An Airlines to form Grand China Air, a subsidiary of Hainan Airlines.

text:
# China Xinhua Airlines

**China Xinhua Airlines** (simplified Chinese: 中国新华航空; traditional Chinese: 中國新華航空; pinyin: *Zhōngguó Xīnhuá Hángkōng*) was an airline based in Chaoyang District, Beijing, China. It operated scheduled trunk services and charter flights. Its main bases were Beijing Capital International Airport and Tianjin Binhai International Airport. On November 29, 2007, it merged with Shanxi Airlines and Chang An Airlines to form Grand China Air, a subsidiary of Hainan Airlines.

## History

The airline was established in August 1992 and started operations on 6 June 1993. In April 1997 it became a partner in the creation of Oriental Falcon Jet Service, with Dassault Falcon Jet and Avion Pacific to operate Falcon 50 charter operations in China. It is a subsidiary of Hainan Airlines which holds a 60% stake in the airline. The relative bases of operation have been regulated in international airports which understood them and the international airport of Tianjin Binhai, principally taking care itself of the domestic passenger and the transport of cargo. In the month of February 2001, it has been re-united from the group of the Shenhua and from the group of HNA and it has been transformed in a main enterprise in the group of the transport of the HNA Air. Before the union, the overhead management of Xinhua has installed a nearly complete system of the flight transport, the maintenance, the sale, air, and the administration of service, control and emergency of the earth and the good obtained performances, maintain an annotation of no accidental incidents for 8 years.

## Fleet

The China Xinhua Airlines fleet consisted of the following aircraft (as of August 2019):

**China Xinhua Airlines fleet**
| Aircraft | In Service | Passengers |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Boeing 737-800 | 5 |  |
| Total | 5 |  | |

The airline fleet previously included the following aircraft:

1. "World Airline Directory." *Flight International*. 1–7 April 1998. 57. "No. 1, Zuoan Donglu, Zuoanmenwai, 100021, Beijing, China" (making it 左安东路1号)
2. "Directory: World Airlines". *Flight International*. 2007-04-03. p. 65.
3. "Global Airline Guide 2019 (Part One)". *Airliner World*: 11. October 2019.

## InfoBox

China Xinhua Airlines
中国新华航空
| IATA ICAO Call sign  XW CXH XINHUA | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1992 |
| Ceased operations | November 29, 2007 (merged to form Grand China Air) |
| Fleet size | 5 |
| Parent company | Hainan Airlines |
| Headquarters | Beijing, China |
| Website | www.chinaxinhuaair.com |


title: Jonesia

abstract: Jonesia is a genus of Actinomycetota.

text:
# Jonesia

***Jonesia*** is a genus of Actinomycetota.

## InfoBox

| *Jonesia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Actinomycetota |
| Class: | Actinomycetia |
| Order: | Micrococcales |
| Family: | Jonesiaceae |
| Genus: | *Jonesia*
Rocourt and Stackebrandt 1987 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Jonesia denitrificans*
(Prévot 1961) Rocourt et al. 1987 | |
| Species | |
|  | |


title: Don't-care term

abstract: In digital logic, a don't-care term for a function is an input-sequence for which the function output does not matter. An input that is known never to occur is a can't-happen term. Both these types of conditions are treated the same way in logic design and may be referred to collectively as don't-care conditions for brevity. The designer of a logic circuit to implement the function need not care about such inputs, but can choose the circuit's output arbitrarily, usually such that the simplest, smallest, fastest or cheapest circuit results (minimization) or the power-consumption is minimized. Don't-care terms are important to consider in minimizing logic circuit design, including graphical methods like Karnaugh–Veitch maps and algebraic methods such as the Quine–McCluskey algorithm. In 1958, Seymour Ginsburg proved that minimization of states of a finite-state machine with don't-care conditions does not necessarily yield a minimization of logic elements. Direct minimization of logic elements in such circuits was computationally impractical with the computing power available to Ginsburg in 1958.

text:
# Don't-care term

In digital logic, a **don't-care term** (abbreviated **DC**, historically also known as *redundancies*, *irrelevancies*, *optional entries*, *invalid combinations*, *vacuous combinations*, *forbidden combinations*, *unused states* or *logical remainders*) for a function is an input-sequence (a series of bits) for which the function output does not matter. An input that is known never to occur is a **can't-happen term**. Both these types of conditions are treated the same way in logic design and may be referred to collectively as *don't-care conditions* for brevity. The designer of a logic circuit to implement the function need not care about such inputs, but can choose the circuit's output arbitrarily, usually such that the simplest, smallest, fastest or cheapest circuit results (minimization) or the power-consumption is minimized.

Don't-care terms are important to consider in minimizing logic circuit design, including graphical methods like Karnaugh–Veitch maps and algebraic methods such as the Quine–McCluskey algorithm. In 1958, Seymour Ginsburg proved that minimization of states of a finite-state machine with don't-care conditions does not necessarily yield a minimization of logic elements. Direct minimization of logic elements in such circuits was computationally impractical (for large systems) with the computing power available to Ginsburg in 1958.

## Examples

Don't-care terms to get minimal circuit
| *ba**dc* | 00 | 01 | 11 | 10 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 00 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |

Karnaugh map for lower left segment
| *ba**dc* | 00 | 01 | 11 | 10 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 00 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 11 | x | x | x | x |
| 10 | 1 | 0 | x | x |

Digits in 7-segment display
| *ba**dc* | 00 | 01 | 11 | 10 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 00 |  |  |  |  |
| 01 |  |  |  |  |
| 11 |  |  |  |  |
| 10 |  |  |  |  |

Examples of don't-care terms are the binary values 1010 through 1111 (10 through 15 in decimal) for a function that takes a binary-coded decimal (BCD) value, because a BCD value never takes on such values (so called pseudo-tetrades); in the pictures, the circuit computing the lower left bar of a 7-segment display can be minimized to *a* *b* \+ *a* *c* by an appropriate choice of circuit outputs for *dcba* = 1010…1111.

Write-only registers, as frequently found in older hardware, are often a consequence of don't-care optimizations in the trade-off between functionality and the number of necessary logic gates.

Don't-care states can also occur in encoding schemes and communication protocols.

## X value

"Don't care" may also refer to an unknown value in a multi-valued logic system, in which case it may also be called an **X value** or **don't know**. In the Verilog hardware description language such values are denoted by the letter "X". In the VHDL hardware description language such values are denoted (in the standard logic package) by the letter "X" (forced unknown) or the letter "W" (weak unknown).

An X value does not exist in hardware. In simulation, an X value can result from two or more sources driving a signal simultaneously, or the stable output of a flip-flop not having been reached. In synthesized hardware, however, the actual value of such a signal will be either 0 or 1, but will not be determinable from the circuit's inputs.

## Power-up states

Further considerations are needed for logic circuits that involve some feedback. That is, those circuits that depend on the previous output(s) of the circuit as well as its current external inputs. Such circuits can be represented by a state machine. It is sometimes possible that some states that are nominally can't-happen conditions can accidentally be generated during power-up of the circuit or else by random interference (like cosmic radiation, electrical noise or heat). This is also called *forbidden input*. In some cases, there is no combination of inputs that can exit the state machine into a normal operational state. The machine remains stuck in the power-up state or can be moved only between other can't-happen states in a walled garden of states. This is also called a *hardware lockup* or *soft error*. Such states, while nominally can't-happen, are not don't-care, and designers take steps either to ensure that they are really made can't-happen, or else if they do happen, that they create a *don't-care alarm* indicating an emergency state for error detection, or they are transitory and lead to a normal operational state.

1. Karnaugh, Maurice (November 1953) \[1953-04-23, 1953-03-17\]. "The Map Method for Synthesis of Combinational Logic Circuits" (PDF). *Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Part I: Communication and Electronics*. **72** (5): 593–599. doi:10.1109/TCE.1953.6371932. S2CID 51636736. Paper 53-217. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-04-16. (7 pages)
2. Phister, Jr., Montgomery (April 1959) \[December 1958\]. *Logical design of digital computers*. Digital Design and Applications (3rd printing, 1st ed.). New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc. p. 97. ISBN 0-47168805-3. LCCN 58-6082. MR 0093930. ISBN 978-0-47168805-1. p. 97: \[…\] These prohibited combinations will here be called *redundancies* (they have also been called irrelevancies, "don't cares," and forbidden combinations), and they can usually be used to simplify Boolean functions. \[…\] (xvi+408 pages)
3. Caldwell, Samuel Hawks (1958-12-01) \[February 1958\]. Written at Watertown, Massachusetts, USA. *Switching Circuits and Logical Design*. 5th printing September 1963 (1st ed.). New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc. ISBN 0-47112969-0. LCCN 58-7896. (xviii+686 pages)
4. Moore, Edward Forrest (December 1958). "Samuel H. Caldwell. Switching circuits and logical design. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York 1958, and Chapman & Hall Limited, London 1958, xvii + 686 pp". *The Journal of Symbolic Logic* (Review). **23** (4): 433–434. doi:10.2307/2964020. JSTOR 2964020. S2CID 57495605. p. 433: \[…\] what Caldwell calls "optional entries" \[…\] other authors have called "invalid combinations", "don't cares", "vacuous combinations" \[…\] (2 pages)
5. Keister, William; Ritchie, Alistair E.; Washburn, Seth H. (1951). *The Design Of Switching Circuits*. The Bell Telephone Laboratories Series (1 ed.). D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc. p. 147. Archived from the original on 2020-05-09. Retrieved 2020-05-09.  (2+xx+556+2 pages)
6. Marcus, Mitchell Paul \[at Wikidata\] (c. 1970). "Chapter 6. Tabular method of simplification: Optional combinations". Written at IBM, Endicott / Binghampton, New York, USA. *Switching circuits for engineers*. Habana, Cuba: Edicion Revolucionaria, Instituto del Libro. pp. 70–72 \[71\]. 19 No. 1002. (xiv+2+296+2 pages)
7. Aiken, Howard H.; Blaauw, Gerrit; Burkhart, William; Burns, Robert J.; Cali, Lloyd; Canepa, Michele; Ciampa, Carmela M.; Coolidge, Jr., Charles A.; Fucarile, Joseph R.; Gadd, Jr., J. Orten; Gucker, Frank F.; Harr, John A.; Hawkins, Robert L.; Hayes, Miles V.; Hofheimer, Richard; Hulme, William F.; Jennings, Betty L.; Johnson, Stanley A.; Kalin, Theodore; Kincaid, Marshall; Lucchini, E. Edward; Minty, William; Moore, Benjamin L.; Remmes, Joseph; Rinn, Robert J.; Roche, John W.; Sanbord, Jacquelin; Semon, Warren L.; Singer, Theodore; Smith, Dexter; Smith, Leonard; Strong, Peter F.; Thomas, Helene V.; Wang, An; Whitehouse, Martha L.; Wilkins, Holly B.; Wilkins, Robert E.; Woo, Way Dong; Little, Elbert P.; McDowell, M. Scudder (1952) \[January 1951\]. *Synthesis of electronic computing and control circuits*. The Annals of the Computation Laboratory of Harvard University. Vol. XXVII (second printing, revised ed.). Write-Patterson Air Force Base: Harvard University Press (Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA) / Geoffrey Cumberlege Oxford University Press (London). ark:/13960/t4zh1t09d. Retrieved 2017-04-16. (2+x+278+2 pages) (NB. Work commenced in April 1948.)
8. Kautz, William H. (June 1954). "Optimized Data Encoding for Digital Computers". *Convention Record of the I.R.E., 1954 National Convention, Part 4 - Electronic Computers and Information Theory*. Session 19: Information Theory III - Speed and Computation. Stanford Research Institute, Stanford, California, USA: I.R.E.: 47–57. Archived from the original on 2020-07-03. Retrieved 2020-07-03.  (11 pages)
9. Rushdi, Ali Muhammad Ali; Badawi, Raid Mohammad Salih (January 2017). "Karnaugh-Map Utilization in Boolean Analysis: The Case of War Termination". *Journal of Engineering and Computer Sciences*. Qualitative Comparative Analysis. **10** (1). Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabi / Qassim University: 53–88 \[54–55, 57, 61–63\]. Rabi'II 1438H. Archived from the original on 2021-02-16. Retrieved 2021-02-17.
10. Morris, Noel Malcolm (January 1969) \[1968-12-16\]. "Code and Code Converters - Part 2: Mapping techniques and code converters" (PDF). *Wireless World*. **75** (1399). Iliffe Technical Publications Ltd.: 34–37. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-03-09. Retrieved 2020-05-09.
11. Morris, Noel Malcolm (1969). *Logic Circuits*. European electrical and electronic engineering series (1 ed.). London, UK: McGraw-Hill. pp. 31, 96, 114. ISBN 0-07094106-8. LCCN 72458600. ISBN 978-0-07094106-9. NCID BA12104142. Retrieved 2021-03-28. p. 31: \[…\] sometimes known as a *can't happen* condition \[…\] (x+189 pages)
12. Association Internationale pour le Calcul Analogique (AICA), ed. (1970) \[1969-09-15\]. "unknown". *Colloque international / International Symposium. Systèmes logiques: Conception et applications / Design and Applications of Logical Systems. Actes / Proceedings. Bruxelles, 15–20 septembre 1969 / Brussels, September 15–20, 1969.* (in English and French). Part 2. Bruxelles, Belgium: Presses Académiques Européennes: 1253. Retrieved 2021-03-28. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite uses generic title (help) (xxxiii+650+676 pages)
13. Holdsworth, Brian; Woods, Clive (2002). *Digital Logic Design* (4 ed.). Newnes Books / Elsevier Science. pp. 55–56, 251. ISBN 0-7506-4588-2. ISBN 978-0-08047730-5. Retrieved 2020-04-19.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors (link) (519 pages)
14. Strong, John A., ed. (2013-03-12) \[1991\]. "Chapter 2.11 Hazards and Glitches". *Basic Digital Electronics*. Physics and Its Applications. Vol. 2 (reprint of 1st ed.). Chapman & Hall / Springer Science & Business Media, B.V. pp. 28–29. ISBN 978-9-40113118-6. LCCN 90-2689. Retrieved 2020-03-30. (220 pages)
15. Iman, Sasan; Pedram, Massoud (1998) \[1997-11-30\]. "Chapter 6. Logic Minimization for Low Power". Written at University of Southern California, California, USA. *Logic Synthesis for Low Power VLSI Designs* (1 ed.). Boston, Massachusetts, USA / New York, USA: Kluwer Academic Publishers / Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. pp. 109–148 \[110\]. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5453-0\_6. ISBN 978-0-7923-8076-4. LCCN 97-042097. Archived from the original on 2024-07-26. Retrieved 2024-07-26. (xv+236 pages)
16. Maiti, Tapas Kr.; Chattopadhyay, Santanu (2008-05-18). *Don't care filling for power minimization in VLSI circuit testing*. 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) (1 ed.). Seattle, Washington, USA: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. pp. 2637–2640. doi:10.1109/ISCAS.2008.4541998. eISSN 2158-1525. ISBN 978-1-4244-1683-7. ISSN 0271-4302.
17. Ginsburg, Seymour (1959-04-01). "On the Reduction of Superfluous States in a Sequential Machine". *Journal of the ACM*. **6** (2): 259–282. doi:10.1145/320964.320983. S2CID 10118067.
18. *Toshiba 8 Bit Microcontroller TLCS-870/C Series TMP86PM29BUG* (2 ed.). Toshiba Corporation. 2008-08-29 \[2007-10-11\]. p. 61. Archived from the original on 2020-04-19. p. 61: \[…\] WDTCR1 is a write-only register and must not be used with any of read-modify-write instructions. If WDTCR1 is read, a don't care is read. \[…\] (9+vi+190 pages)
19. Katz, Randy Howard (1994) \[May 1993\]. "Chapter 2.2.4 Incompletely Specified Functions". Written at Berkeley, California, USA. *Contemporary Logic Design* (1 ed.). Redwood City, California, USA: The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc. p. 64. ISBN 0-8053-2703-7. 32703-7. p. 64: \[…\] The output functions have the value "X" for each of the input combinations we should never encounter. When used in a truth tables, the value X is often called a *don't care*. Do not confuse this with the value X reported by many logic simulators, where it represents an undefined value or a *don't know*. Any actual implementation of the circuit will generate some output for the don't care cases. \[…\] (2+xxviii+699+10+2 pages)
20. Naylor, David; Jones, Simon (May 1997). *VHDL: A Logic Synthesis Approach* (reprint of 1st ed.). Chapman & Hall / Cambridge University Press / Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 14–15, 219, 221. ISBN 0-412-61650-5. Retrieved 2020-03-30. (x+327 pages)
21. Lind, Larry Frederick; Nelson, John Christopher Cunliffe (1977-04-01). "2.3.7. Don't cares". *Analysis and Design of Sequential Digital Systems*. Electrical and Electronic Engineering (1 ed.). London & Basingstoke, UK: The Macmillan Press Ltd. pp. 20, 121–122. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-15757-0. ISBN 0-333-19266-4. Archived from the original on 2020-04-30. Retrieved 2020-04-30. (4+viii+146+6 pages)
22. Kumar, Ramayya; Kropf, Thomas, eds. (1995). "Theorem Provers in Circuit Design". *Proceedings of the Second International Conference, TPCD '94, Bad Herrenalb, Germany, September 26–28, 1994*. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 901 (1st ed.). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. p. 136. doi:10.1007/3-540-59047-1. ISBN 978-3-540-59047-7. ISSN 0302-9743. S2CID 42116934. Retrieved 2020-03-30. (viii+312 pages)
23. "Power-Up Don't Care logic option". *Quartus Help*. Intel Corporation. 2017. Archived from the original on 2020-04-19. Retrieved 2020-04-19.
24. "Power-up level of register \<name\> is not specified – using unspecifed power-up level". *Knowledge Base*. Intel Corporation. 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-04-19. Retrieved 2020-04-19.

## Further reading


title: Cerconota certiorata

abstract: Cerconota certiorata is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1932. It is found in Brazil.

text:
# Cerconota certiorata

***Cerconota certiorata*** is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1932. It is found in Brazil (Santa Catharina).

## InfoBox

| *Cerconota certiorata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Depressariidae |
| Genus: | *Cerconota* |
| Species: | ***C. certiorata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cerconota certiorata***<br>(Meyrick, 1932) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Stenoma certiorata* Meyrick, 1932 | |


title: Bob Donnelly

abstract: Bob Donnelly is an American entertainment lawyer who has represented clients including Esperanza Spalding, Bootsy Collins, the creators of Woodstock, and many more. Donnelly has been awarded 41 platinum albums. He has acted as in-house legal counsel for Leber-Krebs, who managed the careers of Aerosmith, AC/DC, and Def Leppard. In 2004 Donnelly and Dan Coleman launched Modern Works Music Publishing, an independent music publishing administration company whose initial clients were John Legend and his co-writers. Modern Works' catalog includes evergreen classics such as Erroll Garner's 'Misty,' Bootsy Collins’ “Flashlight” and “I’d Rather Be with You,” Julie Gold’s “From a Distance”, Herbie Hancock’s “Rockit”, Jonathan Edwards’ protest classic “Sunshine,” and Skee-Lo’s Top 10 rap “I Wish.” Modern Works is the publishing administrator for Second Floor Music, whose catalog contains standards such as “Bemsha Swing” by Thelonious Monk & Denzil Best, Bobby Timmons’ “Moanin'”, Clifford Brown’s “Joy Spring”. Donnelly took a lead role in repealing the pro-record company/anti-artist "Works-for-Hire" bill, and also was given credit from Attorney General Eliot Spitzer for bringing the "suspense account case" which resulted in the payment of $55 million in back-due royalties to artists. Donnelly was the first lawyer to do a superstar endorsement deal when he put Blondie's Deborah Harry into a pair of Murjani jeans. Other endorsement clients have included Sir Elton John, Reggie Jackson, and Michael Jackson. His awards within the industry include two special recognition awards from the Volunteer Lawyers for the Arts and from St. John’s Law School Entertainment Law Society. Bob has repeatedly been included on Irish America Magazine’s Legal 100, one of the most distinguished lawyers in the United States of Irish American descent and he is listed in the WHO’S WHO IN ENTERTAINMENT.

text:
# Bob Donnelly

**Bob Donnelly** is an American entertainment lawyer who has represented clients including Esperanza Spalding, Bootsy Collins, the creators of Woodstock, and many more. Donnelly has been awarded 41 platinum albums. He has acted as in-house legal counsel for Leber-Krebs, who managed the careers of Aerosmith, AC/DC, and Def Leppard. In 2004 Donnelly and Dan Coleman launched Modern Works Music Publishing, an independent music publishing administration company whose initial clients were John Legend and his co-writers.

Modern Works' catalog includes evergreen classics such as Erroll Garner's 'Misty,' Bootsy Collins’ “Flashlight” and “I’d Rather Be with You,” Julie Gold’sFrom a Distance” (made famous by Bette Midler and Nanci Griffith), Herbie Hancock’s “Rockit” (co-written by Michael Beinhorn), Jonathan Edwards’ protest classic “Sunshine,” and Skee-Lo’s Top 10 rap “I Wish.” Modern Works is the publishing administrator for Second Floor Music, whose catalog contains standards such as “Bemsha Swing” by Thelonious Monk & Denzil Best, Bobby Timmons’ “Moanin'”, Clifford Brown’sJoy Spring”.

Donnelly took a lead role in repealing the pro-record company/anti-artist "Works-for-Hire" bill, and also was given credit from Attorney General Eliot Spitzer for bringing the "suspense account case" which resulted in the payment of $55 million in back-due royalties to artists. Donnelly was the first lawyer to do a superstar endorsement deal when he put Blondie's Deborah Harry into a pair of Murjani jeans. Other endorsement clients have included Sir Elton John, Reggie Jackson, and Michael Jackson.

His awards within the industry include two special recognition awards from the Volunteer Lawyers for the Arts and from St. John’s Law School Entertainment Law Society. Bob has repeatedly been included on Irish America Magazine’s Legal 100, one of the most distinguished lawyers in the United States of Irish American descent and he is listed in the WHO’S WHO IN ENTERTAINMENT.


abstract: St Dominick, Harrowbarrow and Kelly Bray was an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom which returned one member to sit on Cornwall Council between 2013 and 2021. It was abolished at the 2021 local elections, being succeeded by Calstock and Callington and St Dominic.

text:
# St Dominick, Harrowbarrow and Kelly Bray (electoral division)

**St Dominick, Harrowbarrow and Kelly Bray** (Cornish: *Sen Domynek, Kelliskovarnek ha Kellivrygh*) was an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom which returned one member to sit on Cornwall Council between 2013 and 2021. It was abolished at the 2021 local elections, being succeeded by Calstock and Callington and St Dominic.

## Councillors

| Election | Member | | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2013 |  | Jim Flashman | Conservative |
| 2017 | | | |
| 2021 | *Seat abolished* | | |

## Extent

St Dominick, Harrowbarrow and Kelly Bray represented the villages of Kelly Bray, Latchley, Chilsworthy, St Dominick, Harrowbarrow, Norris Green, Bohetherick, St Mellion and Metherell, and the hamlets of Ashton and Newton. It covered 4070 hectares in total.

## Election results

### 2017 election

2017 election: St Dominick, Harrowbarrow and Kelly Bray
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Jim Flashman** | **690** | **40.2** |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Matthew Waterworth | 517 | 30.1 |  |
|  | Mebyon Kernow | Mark Smith | 365 | 21.2 |  |
|  | Labour | Alistair Tinto | 143 | 8.3 |  |
| Majority | | | 173 | 10.1 |  |
| Rejected ballots | | | 3 | 0.2 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1718 | 49.4 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### 2013 election

2013 election: St Dominick, Harrowbarrow and Kelly Bray
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Jim Flashman** | **477** | **36.1** |  |
|  | UKIP | Dave Lawson | 371 | 28.1 |  |
|  | Independent | Phillip Harriman | 193 | 14.6 |  |
|  | Mebyon Kernow | Maria Coakley | 139 | 10.5 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Charles Jones | 138 | 10.4 |  |
| Majority | | | 106 | 8.0 |  |
| Rejected ballots | | | 3 | 0.2 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1321 | 38.1 |  |
|  | Conservative **win** (new seat) | | | | |

## InfoBox

| St Dominick, Harrowbarrow and Kelly Bray | |
| --- | --- |
| Former ward
Cornwall Council. | |
| Boundary of St Dominick, Harrowbarrow and Kelly Bray in Cornwall  from 2013-2021. | |
| County | Cornwall |
| 2013 (2013)2021 (2021) | |
| Number of councillors | One |
| Replaced by | Calstock
Callington and St Dominic |
| Created from | Kelly Bray |


title: Julie McBride

abstract: Julie Anne McBride is an American-Polish professional basketball coach for the Albany Patroons.

text:
# Julie McBride

**Julie Anne McBride** (born September 24, 1982 in Troy, New York) is an American-Polish professional basketball coach for the Albany Patroons.

## College

McBride graduated Syracuse as the school’s all-time leader in points (1,605), scoring average (14.2 ppg), field goal attempts (1,378), 3-pointers (229), 3-point field goal attempts (707), free throws (348), assists (574), assists average (5.1 apg) and minutes played (3,964). She was a three-time All-Big East selection.

When CNNSI.com released a poll of the top 10 athletes all-time at Syracuse, McBride was the only female athlete on the list at No. 9 – one slot ahead of future NFL Hall of Fame receiver Marvin Harrison.

## Syracuse statistics

Source

Legend
| GP | Games played | GS | Games started | MPG | Minutes per game |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| FG% | Field goal percentage | 3P% | 3-point field goal percentage | FT% | Free throw percentage |
| RPG | Rebounds per game | APG | Assists per game | SPG | Steals per game |
| BPG | Blocks per game | PPG | Points per game | **Bold** | Career high |

| Year | Team | GP | Points | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000–01 | Syracuse | 27 | 265 | 35.7 | 33.3 | **79.2** | 2.1 | 4.0 | 1.1 |  | 9.8 |
| 2001–02 | Syracuse | **31** | **461** | **38.8** | 32.6 | 79.0 | 2.3 | 5.6 | 2.0 |  | 14.9 |
| 2002–03 | Syracuse | 28 | 438 | 36.9 | **35.7** | 73.8 | 3.0 | **6.4** | **2.2** | **0.1** | 15.6 |
| 2003–04 | Syracuse | 27 | 441 | 37.0 | 27.9 | 76.8 | **4.1** | 4.2 | 1.8 | 0.0 | **16.3** |
| Career | Syracuse | 113 | 1605 | 37.3 | 32.4 | 77.0 | 2.9 | 5.1 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 14.2 |

## Professional career

Following college, McBride played for the San Jose Spiders of the National Women's Basketball League in 2005 and 2006. She averaged 17.7 points per game in 2005 and 8.8 points in the 2006 season.

On May 3, 2006, McBride signed a contract with the Chicago Sky of the WNBA. She was waived on May 13.

Following her brief stint in the WNBA, McBride went overseas to play for Ceyhan's (pronounced J-Han) Spor Club, a pro team in the Turkish Women's Basketball League. In the 2006–07 season, McBride led her league in scoring (19.4 points per game) and assists (6.1). However, Ceyhan finished the season 1–7 after McBride suffered a season-ending injury, tearing her anterior cruciate ligament. Following the 2006–07 season, McBride signed a two-year extension.

Earlier she was a member of the Kayseri Pan Kup Basketball team after leading Samsun Basketbol Kulübü (SBK) in the Turkish Women's Basketball League to the 2nd place and leading her team in scoring (15.0) and assist (4.0). McBride is also a former college basketball player for the Syracuse Orange who was a three-time All Big East selection.

## Coaching career

On December 7, 2021, Will Brown announced that Julie McBride would join his coaching staff for the 2022 season.

1. WNBA.com Profile

2. Eurobasket Profile

3.  CAMP MCBRIDE- basketball camp Julie provides for kids in her hometown

## InfoBox

Julie McBride
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Albany Patroons | |
| Position | Assistant Coach |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1982-09-24) September 24, 1982<br>Troy, New York |
| Nationality | American / Polish |
| Listed height | 5 ft 4 in (1.63 m) |
| Listed weight | 130 lb (59 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school | Catholic Central (Troy, New York) |
| College | Syracuse (2000–2004) |
| WNBA draft | 2004: undrafted |
| Playing career | 2005–2021 |
| Coaching career | 2021–present |
| Career history | |
| As player: | |
| 2004–2005 | Botaş |
| 2005–2006 | San Jose Spiders |
| 2006 | Chicago Sky |
| 2006–2007 | Ceyhan Belediyespor |
| 2008–2009 | Samsun Basketbol |
| 2009–2010 | Panküp TED Kayseri |
| 2010–2011 | Ceyhan Belediyespor |
| 2011–2012 | Gospić Osiguranje |
| 2012–2013 | Artego Bydgoszcz |
| 2013–2014 | Beşiktaş JK |
| 2014–2016 | Artego Bydgoszcz |
| 2016 | Energa Toruń |
| 2017–2019 | Artego Bydgoszcz |
| 2020–2021 | KS Basket 25 Bydgoszcz |
| As coach: | |
| 2021 – present | Albany Patroons (asst.) |
|  | |


title: Sophie von Saldern

abstract: Sophie von Saldern is a former German female professional basketball player. She is 1.85 meters tall and played on the wing position. She began her career in 1985 in Göttingen, Germany and played a total of 106 times for the German national basketball team from 1993 to 2004. She was the first German player to be selected in the WNBA draft, but was never given a role in an actual game in the women's basketball league in the USA. After her active basketball career ended in 2007, the Sophie von Saldern, who has a degree in economy and is also an industrial psychologist, began her professional career. She currently works as the head of personnel development and human resources in the industry. She remained connected to sport through various voluntary activities. Among other things, she is involved in the Sportler für Organspende (VSO) association, is an ambassador for the NRW Sports Foundation of the German State of North Rhine-Westphalia and supports the Basketball Aid Association, which helps children with cancer. She has been married to actor Lars von Saldern since 2008.

text:
# Sophie von Saldern

**Sophie von Saldern** (born 30 March 1973) is a former German female professional basketball player.

She is 1.85 meters tall and played on the wing position. She began her career in 1985 in Göttingen, Germany and played a total of 106 times for the German national basketball team from 1993 to 2004. She was the first German player to be selected in the WNBA draft (2000 by the Cleveland Rockers), but was never given a role in an actual game in the women's basketball league in the USA.

After her active basketball career ended in 2007, the Sophie von Saldern, who has a degree in economy and is also an industrial psychologist, began her professional career. She currently works as the head of personnel development and human resources in the industry. She remained connected to sport through various voluntary activities. Among other things, she is involved in the *Sportler für Organspende (VSO)* association, is an ambassador for the *NRW Sports Foundation* of the German State of North Rhine-Westphalia and supports the *Basketball Aid Association*, which helps children with cancer.

She has been married to actor Lars von Saldern since 2008.

## InfoBox

Sophie von Saldern
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1973-03-30) 30 March 1973<br>Göttingen, West Germany |
| Listed height | 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) |
| Career information | |
| College | California (1994-1995) |
| WNBA draft | 2000: 4th round, 49th overall pick |
| Selected by the Cleveland Rockers | |
| Position | Small forward / power forward |
| Career history | |
| 1987-1993 | Göttingen |
| 1995-1996 | Wemex Berlin |
| 1996-1997 | Brisbane Blazers |
| 1997-2002 | BTV Wuppertal |
| 2002-2003 | Delta Alessandria |
| 2003-2004 | CB Puig d'en Valls |
| 2004-2005 | BG Dorsten |
| 2005-2007 | EVO Oberhausen |
|  | |


title: Eagulls

abstract: Eagulls were an English rock band, formed in Leeds in 2009. The band consisted of Mark Goldsworthy (guitar), Henry Ruddel (drums), Liam Matthews (guitar), Tom Kelly (bass), and George Mitchell (vocals).

text:
# Eagulls

**Eagulls** were an English rock band, formed in Leeds in 2009. The band consisted of Mark Goldsworthy (guitar), Henry Ruddel (drums), Liam Matthews (guitar), Tom Kelly (bass), and George Mitchell (vocals).

## History

Eagulls were formed in 2009 and released their first single 'Council Flat Blues' on Moshi Moshi imprint Not Even Records. The band's 2012 self-titled EP, recorded by MJ of Hookworms, was released on both London's Sexbeat label and Canadian label Deranged Records. In 2013 the band signed to Partisan Records, releasing 7" single "Nerve Endings" with a cover of Killing Joke's 'Requiem', and 7" single 'Tough Luck' (with 'Opaque' on the 7" as well). Their self-titled debut album has been released in March 2014.

The band have received sustained press attention, such as from the *NME*, *The Guardian*, Loud and Quiet, Vice, Stereogum, *Yorkshire Evening Post*, and internationally, such as from The Fader and Pitchfork Media. They were BBC Radio 6's Steve Lamacq's New Favourite Band in 2013. They have played in the UK and Europe with notable artists including Manic Street Preachers, Flipper, Milk Music, Ceremony, Iceage, Hot Snakes, and Pulled Apart By Horses, and in the United States for South by Southwest in Texas and New York's CMJ festivals. In 2014 they appeared on the *Late Show with David Letterman*, performing their song 'Possessed' for Bill Murray. The band were chosen as the main support for Franz Ferdinand's 2014 UK tour.

In May 2016, the band released their second album, *Ullages,* on Partisan Records. Produced by Matt Peel, the title is an anagram of the band's name.

In May 2021, singer George Mitchell confirmed during an interview that he left the band "a few years back". He is now a painter and has started a new musical project called "Honesty".

## Discography

### Studio albums

| Title | Details | Peak chart positions |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | | UK<br> |
| *Eagulls* |  | 86 |
| *Ullages* |  | 133 |

### EP & Singles

## InfoBox

| Eagulls | |
| --- | --- |
| Eagulls in 2011. | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Leeds, West Yorkshire, England |
| Genres |  |
| Years active | 2009 (2009)–2018 |
| Labels | Partisan |
|  | |
| Members | * Mark 'Goldy' Goldsworthy * Henry Ruddel * Liam Matthews * Tom Kelly * George Mitchell |


title: 219 Days

abstract: 219 Days is the debut album of Canadian Idol winner Kalan Porter. The album was released on November 23, 2004 through Sony Music Canada. The album title refers to the number of days from his first audition to the release of his debut CD. The album debuted at #4 on the Canadian Albums Chart and was certified double platinum by the CRIA months later with an excess of 200,000 copies.

text:
# 219 Days

***219 Days*** is the debut album of *Canadian Idol* winner Kalan Porter. The album was released on November 23, 2004 through Sony Music Canada. The album title refers to the number of days from his first audition to the release of his debut CD. The album debuted at #4 on the Canadian Albums Chart and was certified double platinum by the CRIA months later with an excess of 200,000 copies.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Praeludium and Allegro" | 0:44 |
| 2. | "She's So Dangerous" | 3:20 |
| 3. | "I Don't Wanna Miss You" | 4:06 |
| 4. | "Single" | 2:40 |
| 5. | "In Spite of it All" | 3:28 |
| 6. | "Awake in a Dream" | 4:07 |
| 7. | "Lucky Day" | 3:45 |
| 8. | "After All" | 3:54 |
| 9. | "How Many Roads" | 3:30 |
| 10. | "Unconditional" | 3:25 |
| 11. | "Until You" | 3:07 |
| 12. | "And We Drive" (with Randy Bachman) | 3:09 |
| 13. | "My Sweet One" | 2:21 |
| 14. | "True Colours" (with Theresa Sokyrka) | 3:53 |

## Singles

* "Awake in a Dream"
* "Single"
* "In Spite of It All"

## InfoBox

| 219 Days | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Kalan Porter | |
| Released | November 23, 2004 |
| Recorded | September – November 2004 |
| Studio | Metalworks Studios in Mississauga, Ontario |
| Genre | Pop rock |
| Length | 45:12 |
| Label | Sony Music Canada |
| Producer | Rob Wells, Perry Alexander, Chris Anderson, Luke McMaster, Tranny Wu, Derek Brin, Urin Isaacs |
| Kalan Porter chronology | |
| ***219 Days***
(2004) *Wake Up Living*
(2007) | |


title: Chieko Higashiyama

abstract: Chieko Higashiyama Chieko Higashiyama was a Japanese stage and film actress. She appeared in more than 60 films from 1936 to 1967.

text:
# Chieko Higashiyama

**Chieko Higashiyama** (東山 千栄子, *Higashiyama Chieko*, 30 September 1890 – 8 May 1980) was a Japanese stage and film actress. She appeared in more than 60 films from 1936 to 1967.

## Career

Graduating from the girls' school at Gakushuin, she married a businessman in 1909 and spent eight years in Moscow. In 1925, at the age of 35, she decided to become an actress and began training at the Tsukiji Shōgekijō. She appeared in many stage productions, most famously as Madame Ranevskaya in *The Cherry Orchard*. She also appeared in films, including *Tokyo Story*, which was voted the best film of all time in a poll of film directors by *Sight and Sound* magazine.

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1947 | *The Love of the Actress Sumako* |  |  |
| 1951 | *The Idiot* |  |  |
| | *The Tale of Genji* |  |  |
| | *Early Summer* | Shige |  |
| 1952 | *The Life of Oharu* |  |  |
| | *Carmen's Pure Love* | Housemaid |  |
| 1953 | *Tokyo Story* | Tomi |  |
| 1954 | *The Garden of Women* | Schoolmaster |  |
| | *The Princess Sen* | Yodo-dono |  |
|
| 1955 | *The Maid's Kid* | Hatsu's mother |  |
| 1958 | *The Loyal 47 Ronin* | Otaka |  |
| 1959 | *The Snow Flurry* | Tomi |  |
| 1960 | *The Wandering Princess* |  |
| 1966 | *The Kii River* |  |  |

## Honours

## InfoBox

| Chieko Higashiyama | |
| --- | --- |
| 東山 千栄子 | |
| Chieko Higashiyama in the 1953 film *Tokyo Story* | |
| Born | 30 September 1890
Chiba, Japan |
| Died | 8 May 1980(1980-05-08) (aged 89)
Yokohama, Japan |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1925–1980 |


title: Jonesoceras

abstract: Jonesoceras is a genus of orthocerids from the Silurian of Bohemia named by Barscov, 1960, included in the Geisonoceratidae. Also named by him, from the same age and area, the related Joachimoceras and Temperoceras.

text:
# Jonesoceras

***Jonesoceras*** is a genus of orthocerids from the Silurian of Bohemia named by Barscov, 1960, included in the Geisonoceratidae. Also named by him, from the same age and area, the related *Joachimoceras* and *Temperoceras*.

## InfoBox

| *Jonesoceras* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Cephalopoda |
| Order: | Orthocerida |
| Family: | Geisonoceratidae |
| Genus: | *Jonesoceras*<br>Barscov, 1960 |
|


title: Don Kendrick

abstract: Don Kendrick is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level. Kendrick made his full All Whites debut in a 2–0 win over Fiji on 7 September 1952 and ended his international playing career with five A-international caps and four goals to his credit, his final cap an appearance in a 5–3 win over Tahiti on 28 September 1952.

text:
# Don Kendrick

**Don Kendrick** is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.

Kendrick made his full All Whites debut in a 2–0 win over Fiji on 7 September 1952 and ended his international playing career with five A-international caps and four goals to his credit, his final cap an appearance in a 5–3 win over Tahiti on 28 September 1952.

## InfoBox

Don Kendrick
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Donald F B Kendrick | | |
| Place of birth | New Zealand | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Eastern Suburbs |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1952 | New Zealand | 5 | (4) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Cerconota dimorpha

abstract: Cerconota dimorpha is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by W. Donald Duckworth in 1962. It is found in Ecuador.

text:
# Cerconota dimorpha

***Cerconota dimorpha*** is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by W. Donald Duckworth in 1962. It is found in Ecuador.

## InfoBox

| *Cerconota dimorpha* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Depressariidae |
| Genus: | *Cerconota* |
| Species: | ***C. dimorpha*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cerconota dimorpha***<br>Duckworth, 1962 | |
|


title: Roman Catholic Diocese of Ballarat

abstract: The Diocese of Ballarat, based in Ballarat, Australia, is a diocese in the ecclesiastical province of Melbourne. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Melbourne and was established in 1874. Its geography covers the west, Wimmera and Mallee regions of Victoria. The cathedral is in St Patrick's Cathedral, Ballarat. The diocese has been prominent in Australia for its number of cases of sexual abuse by clergy and members of religious orders. In the New York Times in December 2017 it was stated that "The most damaging revelations about child sexual abuse have centered on scandals in towns like Ballarat" after the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse published its findings. Priests and brothers in the Ballarat diocese were sharing victims, passing on intelligence about vulnerable children, and protecting each other: the abuse was more organised than previously thought since the royal commission. A significant ruling in 2021, the first in Australia, found that the diocese can be vicariously liable for compensation regarding abuse that occurred from its own priests. In May 2020, newly released details in a royal commission report stated that Cardinal George Pell, a former Diocese of Ballarat priest, knew of sex abuse in the diocese as early as 1973.

text:
# Roman Catholic Diocese of Ballarat

The **Diocese of Ballarat**, based in Ballarat, Australia, is a diocese in the ecclesiastical province of Melbourne. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Melbourne and was established in 1874. Its geography covers the west, Wimmera and Mallee regions of Victoria. The cathedral is in St Patrick's Cathedral, Ballarat.

The diocese has been prominent in Australia for its number of cases of sexual abuse by clergy and members of religious orders. In the *New York Times* in December 2017 it was stated that "The most damaging revelations about child sexual abuse have centered on scandals in towns like Ballarat" after the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse published its findings. Priests and brothers in the Ballarat diocese were sharing victims, passing on intelligence about vulnerable children, and protecting each other: the abuse was more organised than previously thought since the royal commission. A significant ruling in 2021, the first in Australia, found that the diocese can be vicariously liable for compensation regarding abuse that occurred from its own priests.

In May 2020, newly released details in a royal commission report stated that Cardinal George Pell, a former Diocese of Ballarat priest, knew of sex abuse in the diocese as early as 1973.

## History

The Diocese of Ballarat was established on 30 March 1874, from the Diocese of Melbourne. At the same time, the Diocese of Melbourne was made an archdiocese while Ballarat became one of its suffragans.

Bishop Peter Connors retired as Bishop of Ballarat on 1 August 2012 and Father Paul Bird CSsR was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI to succeed him. He was ordained bishop on 16 October 2012. Bishop Paul Bird (born 17 July 1949) is a member of the missionary Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (Redemptorist).

## Bishops

### Ordinaries

The following individuals have been the Roman Catholic Bishop of Ballarat:

| Order | Name | Date enthroned | Reign ended | Term of office | Reason for term end |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Michael O'Connor | 24 April 1874 | 14 February 1883 | 8 years, 296 days | Died in office |
| 2 | James Moore | 12 January 1884 | 26 June 1904 | 20 years, 166 days | Died in office |
| 3 | Joseph Higgins | 3 March 1905 | 16 September 1915 | 10 years, 197 days | Died in office |
| 4 | Daniel Foley | 12 April 1916 | 31 October 1941 | 25 years, 202 days | Died in office |
| 5 | James O'Collins | 23 December 1941 | 1 May 1971 | 29 years, 129 days | Retired at age 79. Bishop Emeritus of Ballarat. Died 25 November 1983 |
| 6 | Ronald Mulkearns | 1 May 1971 | 30 May 1997 | 26 years, 29 days | Resigned. Bishop Emeritus of Ballarat. Died 4 April 2016 |
| 7 | Peter Connors | 30 May 1997 | 1 August 2012 | 15 years, 63 days | Retired at age 75. Bishop Emeritus of Ballarat |
| 8 | Paul Bird | 1 August 2012 |  | 12 years, 69 days |  |
|

### Coadjutor bishop

### Other priests of the diocese who became bishops

## Other information

The diocese is bounded by the South Australian border (the Archdiocese of Adelaide and the Diocese of Port Pirie), the Murray River (the Diocese of Wilcannia-Forbes) and the Southern Ocean. To the east is the Diocese of Sandhurst and the Archdiocese of Melbourne. The diocese has 52 parishes, 39 clergy and four parish leaders. The seat of the diocese is St Patrick's Cathedral, Ballarat.

## Diocese of Ballarat Catholic Education Limited

Secondary schools under the governance of the Diocese of Ballarat Catholic Education Limited (DOBCEL) include:

## Child sexual abuse

The Diocese of Ballarat has been part of the Catholic sexual abuse scandal, which includes a series of convictions, trials and ongoing investigations into allegations of sex crimes committed by Catholic priests and members of religious orders.

### Victorian government inquiry

In 2012 the Parliament of Victoria established the Inquiry into the Handling of Child Abuse by Religious and other Non-Government Organisations. The Inquiry tabled its report to Parliament on 13 November 2013 and the Government tabled its response to the Inquiry's recommendations on 8 May 2014.

The systemic problem of sexual abuse was highlighted in the Victoria Police submission into the parliamentary inquiry into the handling of child abuse by churches. "Confidential police reports detail the suicides of at least 40 people sexually abused by Catholic clergy in Victoria and say it appeared the church knew about a shockingly high rate of suicides and premature deaths but had *chosen to remain silent*".

Cardinal George Pell also confirmed in the Victorian parliamentary inquiry that "some members of the Church tried to cover up child sexual abuse by other members of the clergy" as the ABC states.

There have been 130 claims and substantiated complaints of child sexual abuse against the Ballarat diocese since 1980. At least 14 priests of the Diocese of Ballarat have been the subject of one or more claims and substantiated complaints of child sex abuse.

### Federal government inquiry

In May 2015, the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, a royal commission of inquiry initiated in 2013 by and supported by all state governments, began an investigation into the response of relevant Catholic Church authorities to the impact of child sexual abuse on survivors of child sexual abuse, their families and the community of Ballarat. The hearing heard about the impact of child sexual abuse on the community of Ballarat from residents and from former students of St Joseph's Home, Ballarat; St Alipius Primary School, Ballarat East; St Alipius Parish, Ballarat East; St Patrick's College, Ballarat; and St Patrick's Christian Brothers Boys Primary School, Ballarat. Catholic clergy who were convicted of child sexual offences which took place within the diocese were also invited to speak or make statements before the commission.

During the 2016 Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse in Ballarat it was found that 853 children, average age 13, had been sexually abused by one or more Christian Brothers and that at least 30 victims had since committed suicide in Ballarat. Child abuse complaints were made against 281 Christian Brothers, and the Congregation had paid A$37.3 million in compensation. It was found that every boy at the school at Mortlake between the age of 10 and 16 had been abused by Gerard Ridsdale and one victim held a photo of a class from St Alipius Primary School and stated that 12 of the 33 boys had committed suicide because of the abuse.

During the Ballarat Case Study of the royal commission it was found that Glynis McNeight, a private investigator, was paid for by the Christian Brothers through a retained law firm, Doyle Considine solicitors, which pursued victims sexually abused by Brother Edward Dowlan. McNeight's report was tabled which contained strategy to manipulate witnesses, such as a victim could "easily be torn down in the witness box" and "The person himself is a very nervous, excitable type who will reduce to tears and bad language easily". The report also documents a Senior Constable, Blair Smith, trying to protect victims from harassment from the investigator and from perversion of the course of justice. Blair Smith was also one of the first detectives to properly investigate a Christian brothers in Victoria, whose work in the early 1990s led to the conviction of Edward Dowlan; he said that the Christian Brothers is "run like a Mafia organisation." It was also shown that the Christian Brothers knew of abuse from Brothers but did not tell police and spent almost $1.5 Million defending paedophile Brother Robert Best, Edward Dowlan and Stephen Farrell. It was found that the Christian Brothers' St Alipius School was staffed almost entirely by paedophiles.

The royal commission's final report on Catholic Church authorities in Ballarat was released on 6 December 2017. The commission found that Bishop Mulkearns failed to take action: "Bishop Mulkearns again was derelict in his duty in failing to take any effective action to have (paedophile priest) Ridsdale referred to police and to restrict Ridsdale's contact with children". The commission pointed out the structure of the diocese, culture and governance, concluding: "The most likely explanation for the conduct of Bishop Mulkearns and other senior clergy in the Diocese was that they were trying to minimise the risk of scandal and protect the reputation of the Catholic Church. The Melbourne report found that former Ballarat Diocese Bishop Peter Connors was part of a culture that practiced 'using oblique or euphemistic language in correspondence and records concerning complaints of child sexual abuse'".

The following are extracts from the conclusion of the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse's report into Case Study 28 – Catholic Church authorities in Ballarat:

> This case study exposed a catastrophic failure in the leadership of the Diocese and ultimately in the structure and culture of the Church over decades to effectively respond to the sexual abuse of children by its priests. That failure led to the suffering and often irreparable harm to children, their families and the wider community. That harm could have been avoided if the Church had acted in the interests of children rather than in its own interests.

> Euphemistic and elliptical language was often used in correspondence and minutes to mask the true nature of the conduct discussed. There was repeated reference to 'pressures', 'strains' and unspecified 'problems'. On occasions, records were deliberately not made or kept or were destroyed.

> The result of these inexcusable failures was that more children were sexually abused by Catholic clergy in the Diocese. There was a catastrophic institutional failure which resulted in many children being sexually abused. We heard about the devastating, often lifelong, consequences in the lives of those children. The welfare of children was not the primary concern of Bishop Mulkearns and other senior members of the Diocese when responding to complaints and allegation of child sexual abuse against their priests. There is no doubt it should have been.

The report on Ballarat also described the impact it had on victims. One section outlines suicide and premature death caused from the abuse. One victim said:

> Newspapers don't report suicides, so the public doesn't hear about the broken families and their shattered lives, about the unseen impact of institutional child sexual abuse. Children are left behind and they don't understand why. It doesn't end when the abuse ends.

Other harms are outlined. Another victim outlines the general harm in the Ballarat community:

> Such chronic sexual abuse in the Ballarat community has led to a large number of men who are not able to be productive members of society and in effect have become either emotional, social or financial burdens upon the community.

The Royal Commission's final report published on 15 December 2017 found that 139 people made a claim of child sexual abuse to the Diocese of Ballarat between 1980 and 2015 and that there were 21 alleged perpetrators identified in claims. Of the 21 alleged perpetrators 17 were priests which is 8.7% of the priests who ministered during this period. Cardinal George Pell told the Royal Commission that the concentration of offending was a "coincidence". The final report included recommendations including recommendation 16.6 through to 16.26. They include the introduction of mandatory reporting/national standards, screening candidates before and during seminary or religious formation, the introduction of voluntary celibacy for diocesan clergy, to remove the requirement to destroy documents relating to canonical criminal cases in materials of morals where the accused cleric has died or ten years have elapsed from the condemnatory sentence, amend canon law to remove the time limit (prescription) for commencement of canonical actions relating to child sexual abuse, that the bishop of the diocese should ensure that parish priests are not the employers of principals and teachers in Catholic schools, modifications to canon law, and more transparency.

Following the royal commission, *The Age* reported that paedophile priests in Victoria worked together to share victims and there was more organisation than previously thought.

There have been more revelations through legal proceedings that show that priests and brothers in the Ballarat diocese were sharing victims, passing on intelligence about vulnerable children and protecting each other; 140 people have made claims of child abuse against the Catholic Church in the Ballarat diocese. In Warrnambool, seven Catholic priests and Christian Brothers abused children in an almost-continuous stream of paedophile clerics employed between 1963 and 1994. The Ballarat diocese and the Christian Brothers were also exporting known paedophiles to the US under the guise of "treatment". Notorious paedophile priests Gerald Ridsdale and Paul David Ryan, who molested boys at Warrnambool, were also sent to the US between the 1970s and early 2000s. Bishop Ronald Mulkearns approved both Ryan and Ridsdale's travel to the US for treatment and study, where both are alleged to have sexually assaulted children.

### "Loud Fence"

A community response during the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse was "Loud Fence", which was started by St Patrick's College school principal John Crowley who urged the public to tie ribbons to the school fence before the royal commission hearing commenced. He credits the idea and name to an unnamed local survivor, with another survivor coming up with the term "No more silence" in February 2014. John was the person who tied the first ribbon. By the day of the first hearing, ribbons had been tied to not only the school fence, but also to the fence of St Alipius Primary School, St Patrick's Cathedral, the entrances to Ballarat East, as well as outside the Ballarat Courts. Survivors at the hearing wore a ribbon pinned to their lapels. After the hearings had started, ribbons were taken down from St Alipius and some members of the community tied them back. One of those, Maureen Hatcher, then started a Facebook page called "Loud Fence" which is still in operation. Places that had a history of sexual abuse were marked with ribbons as a sign of support for the victims. The Loud Fence movement also spread internationally, with survivors taking it to Rome and even speaking about it at a university in Rome. There was also a Loud Fence march in Ballarat. The diocese removed the ribbons three days after the Royal Commission in to Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse published its final recommendations.

### Admitting to protecting Ridsdale and civil lawsuit

On 13 September 2019, the Diocese of Ballarat released a statement admitting that the high-ranking clergy in the diocese knew of sex abuse claims against Ridsdale and afterwards made efforts to shield him from prosecution. This confession came in the wake of a civil lawsuit filed against the diocese by one of Ridsdale's victims. In May 2020, it was revealed that the royal commission rejected Pell's defense that he was deceived when he was involved in a college of consultors decision to move Ridsdale from the Mortlake parish in Ballarat to Sydney in 1982 as "implausible" and that there were "at least complaints of sexual abuse of children having been made".

### Named sexual abusers or notable cases

Notable sexual abuse cases include:

* Cardinal George Pell was charged with historical sexual assault offences which dated back to his time at Ballarat in the 1970s. Pell pleaded not guilty and the court set a date for his committal hearing to commence on 5 March 2018 which was expected to last four weeks. The cardinal, then considered to be the third most senior official in the Vatican, was the most senior Catholic cleric in the world to face such charges. After Pell's appeal to overturn sexual assault convictions stemming from when he was archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne was dismissed by the Supreme Court of Victoria, Ballarat's Bishop Paul Bird acknowledged Pell's ties to the Diocese of Ballarat and apologised. Two new sex abuse accusations against Pell, which stemmed from his time serving a Diocese of Ballarat-run orphanage in the 1970s, surfaced in 2020 as well in the television documentary series *Revelation*. These allegations later resulted in a new sex abuse investigation against Pell which started on 13 April 2020.
* Gerald Ridsdale, who pleaded guilty to indecently assaulting a total of 53 children by 2006 and faced further charges of sexually abusing another 12 children, being found guilty on both cases and committed to a total of 33 years in prison. Ridsdale's nephew, David Ridsdale, gave evidence before the commission that his uncle had sexually abused him from the age of 11 to 15. It was later revealed in May 2020 that Pell assisted in transferring Ridsdale to Sydney in 1982. The same month, Ridsdale had his non-parole period extended from 2022 to 2024.
* Robert Charles Best, a Christian Brother, was sentenced in the Victorian County Court for 27 offences involving the sexual abuse of 11 boys.
* Stephen Frances Farrell, a Christian Brother, sentenced in 2013 for indecently assaulting a boy while teaching at St Alipius School in Ballarat in the mid-1970s. This conviction followed a 1997 conviction on nine charges of indecently assaulting two brothers at St Alipius around the same period.
* Paul David Ryan, jailed in 2006 for 18 months after admitting three charges of indecent assault against one victim between 1990 and 1991.
* Edward Dowlan (Ted Bales) pleaded guilty to 33 counts of indecently assaulting boys under the age of 16 and one count of gross indecency between 1971 and 1986. The judge found that he had preyed on vulnerable boys as young as eight years old over a 14-year period at six different schools from the first year he became a Christian Brother in 1971. Dowlan has been jailed twice, first in 1996 for six-and-a-half years and then again in 2015.
* Peter Toomey, a Christian Brother who admitted to sexually assaulting 10 students at a Catholic high school in Melbourne in the 1970s.
* Sydney Morey.
* Terrence Pidoto was sentenced to seven years and three months, being found guilty of 11 charges including rape and indecently assaulting a child under 16. He died before facing a second trial with new charges only a year into his first sentence.
* Bryan Desmond Coffey, a priest, pleaded not guilty to charges in February 1999. He was found guilty of 12 counts of indecent assault involving eight boys and one count involving a girl, aged between six and 11 years. He was given a three-year suspended jail sentence. In 2021 Justice Forrest made a significant ruling regarding one victim of Coffey ruling that, "I can see no reason why the diocese should not be vicariously liable for such an award given that is relates directly to Coffey's conduct and is compensatory in nature."
* Leslie Sheahan, a parish priest, pleaded guilty in September 2015 to unlawful/indecent assault of a girl.
* Robert Patrick Claffey, a priest, pleaded guilty in 1998 to indecent assault of two boys aged 12 and 13 after their sister died in a road accident in 1978. In 2014, he was also charged with 16 counts of indecent assault and one count of buggery against about seven child victims between 1970 and 1992. In October, 2016, he pleaded guilty to the offences and was jailed for 18 years. On 8 May 2020, it was revealed that Claffey was still serving a prison term for the sexual abuse of 14 children between 1969 and 1992, and that at least one of his victims, Joseph Barrett had filed a lawsuit against the Diocese of Ballarat.
* John Day has been described as Australia's most prolific paedophile with more than 100 complaints about the monsignor to the church's Towards Healing program, set up to deal with allegations of abuse by the clergy. He targeted both boys and girls. The police found that he had "misconducted himself" but did not charge him, and the police officer Denis Ryan, who collected statements of abuse, lost his job. The police were involved in a cover up which have been described as the "Catholic Mafia". The Day case was detailed by *Casefile True Crime Podcast* \- Case 34: The Catholic Mafia, aired on 24 September 2016.
* Leonard Monk.
* Peter Colley. Father Peter James Colley pleaded guilty in 1993 to two charges—one indecent assault of an adult male in a public toilet at Moonee Ponds and one charge of escaping from legal custody.
* Gerald Leo Fitzgerald, a Christian Brother. The Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse found that Fitzgerald was moved to new locations with continued access to children after allegations had been made. One victim described the type of behaviour of Fitzgerald to the commission: "Brother Fitzgerald was his grade 3 teacher in 1974. He said that at the end of school every Friday Brother Fitzgerald would line up his students and kiss them goodbye. He kissed some with his tongue." He died in 1987 before any charges were laid against him.
* Fr Dan Hourigan.
* Brother Kenneth Paul McGlade.
* Brother John Laidlaw, pleaded guilty to assaults on six boys, aged 12 to 17, between 1963 and 1984.

### Accusations against Pell

In 2017, Pell, who served in the Roman Curia, returned to Australia from the Vatican to face sex abuse charges stemming from his time in both the Archdiocese of Melbourne and the Diocese of Ballarat. The three episode documentary program *Revelation*, which aired on ABC TV in March 2020, revealed two men, identified as Bernie and Peter Clarke, who accused Pell of sexually abusing them as boys when he served the Diocese of Ballarat. The alleged sexual abuse occurred when Pell spent time at the Catholic orphanage where they resided in the 1970s. The ABC also defended the accuracy of *Revelation* after Pell's Melbourne conviction was overturned and temporarily removed reruns of the third episode so it could be updated and eventually restored; all three episodes also remain available on ABC Radio's website. On 11 April 2020, Pell stated in an interview with Sky News journalist Andrew Bolt, which aired on Sky News Australia on 14 April 2020, that he was "ashamed" of the way the Catholic Church handled sex abuse cases and that failures to act on the abuse, which he described as "cancer", still haunted him. On 13 April 2020, police began investigating the allegations which were discussed in *Revelation*. On 16 April 2020, the Richmond Football Club denied Pell the right to be reinstated as the club's vice-patron and ambassador.

On 6 May 2020, the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse report found that Pell knew about the abuse committed by Ridsdale. Pell had said to the commission that he "didn't do anything about it" when a young schoolboy told him that Brother Edward Dowlan was sexually abusing him, but also tried to hide the fact that it was in part his duty to assist in the investigation. These portions of the report were previously undisclosed. On 6 May 2020, newly disclosed portions of the royal commission's report found that Pell had attempted to protect Ridsdale from potential prosecution by transferring him when Pell was the vicar-general of the Diocese of Ballarat. Pell had also confessed to the Commission that "didn't do anything about it" when a young schoolboy told him that Brother Edward Dowlan was sexually abusing him, but also tried to hide the fact that it was also in part his duty to assist in the investigation.

According to the report's newly disclosed details, which were made public on 7 May 2020, by 1973 Pell was "not only conscious of child sexual abuse by clergy but that he also had considered measures of avoiding situations which might provoke gossip about it". The commission report also stated that with regards to his role in assisting in Risdale's transfer to Sydney "We are satisfied that Cardinal Pell's evidence as to the reasons that the CEO deceived him was implausible. We do not accept that Bishop Pell was deceived, intentionally or otherwise."

It was also reported that Pell, who was Ridsdale's former 1973 roommate, "tried to bribe" at least one Ridsdale victim, Ridsdale's nephew David Ridsdale, "into keeping quiet". David Ridsdale testified that the attempted bribe took place when he told Pell about the sex abuse over the phone in February 1983. He also stated that after he brought up the abuse, "\[Pell\] then began to talk about my growing family and my need to take care of their needs" and that "He mentioned how I would soon have to buy a car or house for my family." Hiss sisters, Patricia Ridsdale and Bernadette Lukaitis, also backed his account, telling the royal commission that their brother called them shortly after his conversation with Pell and said Pell had tried to bribe him. Despite not being satisfied with how David interpreted Pell's offer, which was believed to be mere assistance rather than an offer of silence, the royal commission accepted that Pell "turned his mind" to Ridsdale taking his boy victims on overnight camps.

### Establishment of Institutional Liability List

On 8 May 2020, the Victorian Supreme Court agreed to establish an Institutional Liability List to administer child sex abuse lawsuits The new list includes claims for damages arising from the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse. Lawsuits against Pell, and also cases concerning sexually abusive Diocese of Ballarat priests such as Ridsdale and Robert Claffey, played a major role in the list's creation.

## InfoBox

| Diocese of Ballarat<br>**Dioecesis Ballaratensis** | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| St Patrick's Cathedral, Ballarat | |
| Location | |
| Country | Australia |
| Ecclesiastical province | Melbourne |
| Metropolitan | Archdiocese of Melbourne |
| Coordinates | 37°34′18″S 143°51′00″E / 37.57167°S 143.85000°E / -37.57167; 143.85000 |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 58,000 km<sup>2</sup> (22,000 sq mi) |
| Population<br>- Total<br>- Catholics | (as of 2006)<br>384,000<br>97,900 ( 25.2%) |
| Parishes | 52 |
| Information | |
| Denomination | Catholic |
| *Sui iuris* church | Latin Church |
| Rite | Roman Rite |
| Established | 30 March 1874 |
| Cathedral | St Patrick's Cathedral |
| Current leadership | |
| Pope | Francis |
| Bishop | Paul Bird CSsR |
| Metropolitan Archbishop | Peter Comensoli |
| Bishops emeritus | Peter Connors |
| Map | |
|  | |
| Website | |
| ballarat.catholic.org.au | |