title: Semantic Web (journal)

abstract: Semantic Web - Interoperability, Usability, Applicability is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by IOS Press. It was established in 2010 and covers the foundations and applications of semantic web technologies, knowledge graph, and linked data. The journal uses an open peer-review process. The journal publishes its metadata online in the form of linked data and provides scientometrics such as the geographic distribution of authors, citation networks, trends in research topics over time, and so forth. The founding editors-in-chief are Pascal Hitzler and Krzysztof Janowicz (2010-). The journal follows an open and transparent review process, sharing all paper-related metadata, such as reviews and decisions online. It originally combined freely available author-versions of accepted papers with a subscription model and optional open access to published versions. In October 2019 the journal announced that it will go full (gold) open access and full open access was implemented 1 January 2020. Starting 29 April 2021, the journal implemented an Open Science Data policy that requires authors to publicly provide data and software relevant to their manuscript. The journal is abstracted and indexed by Science Citation Index Expanded and Scopus. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2019 impact factor of 3.524.

text:
# Semantic Web (journal)

***Semantic Web - Interoperability, Usability, Applicability*** is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by IOS Press. It was established in 2010 and covers the foundations and applications of semantic web technologies, knowledge graph, and linked data. The journal uses an open peer-review process. The journal publishes its metadata online in the form of linked data and provides scientometrics such as the geographic distribution of authors, citation networks, trends in research topics over time, and so forth. The founding editors-in-chief are Pascal Hitzler (Kansas State University) (from 2010-2023) and Krzysztof Janowicz (University of California, Santa Barbara and University of Vienna) (2010-).

The journal follows an open and transparent review process, sharing all paper-related metadata, such as reviews and decisions online. It originally combined freely available author-versions of accepted papers with a subscription model and optional open access to published versions (green open access together with hybrid open access). In October 2019 the journal announced that it will go full (gold) open access and full open access was implemented 1 January 2020. Starting 29 April 2021, the journal implemented an Open Science Data policy that requires authors to publicly provide data and software relevant to their manuscript.

The journal is abstracted and indexed by Science Citation Index Expanded and Scopus. According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal has a 2019 impact factor of 3.524.

1. semantic-web-journal-about
2. "A new Semantic Web journal - with an open review process - Semantic Web Company". *Semantic Web Company*. 17 January 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
3. Domingue, John; Fensel, Dieter; Hendler, James A., eds. (2011). *Handbook of Semantic Web Technologies*. Heidelberg: Springer Science+Business Media. p. 30. ISBN 9783540929130. OCLC 769756125.
4. Janowicz, Krzysztof; Hitzler, Pascal (January 2012). "Open and transparent: the review process of the Semantic Web journal". *Learned Publishing*. **25** (1): 48–55. doi:10.1087/20120107.
5. Hu, Y., Janowicz, K., McKenzie, G., Sengupta, K. and Hitzler, P., 2013, October. A linked-data-driven and semantically-enabled journal portal for scientometrics. In: International Semantic Web Conference (pp. 114-129). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
6. "Semantic Web: Editorial Board". Retrieved 6 December 2021.
7. "Open Access: SWJ Going for Gold". *Semantic Web journal*. 28 October 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
8. Janowicz, Krzysztof; Hitzler, Pascal (January 2020). "Gold-Level Open Access at the Semantic Web Journal". *Semantic Web*. **11** (1): 1–2. doi:10.3233/SW-200389.
9. "Roll-out of Open Science Data Website Update". *Semantic Web journal*. 27 April 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
10. Hitzler, Pascal; Janowicz, Krzysztof; Shimizu, Cogan; Zhou, Lu; Eells, Andrew (May 2021). "Open Science Data and the Semantic Web Journal". *Semantic Web*. **12** (3): 401–402. doi:10.3233/SW-210427. ISSN 1570-0844.
11. "Semantic Web". *2018 Journal Citation Reports*. Web of Science (Science ed.). Clarivate Analytics. 2019.

## InfoBox

*Semantic Web*
| Discipline | Semantic web, linked data, ontology engineering |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Krzysztof Janowicz |
| Publication details | |
| History | 2010–present |
| Publisher | IOS Press |
| Frequency | Bimonthly |
| Open access | Yes |
| Impact factor | 3.524 (2019) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Semant. Web* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 1570-0844 (print)
2210-4968 (web)
 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Eunidia lujai

abstract: Eunidia lujai is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1951.

text:
# Eunidia lujai

***Eunidia lujai*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1951.

## InfoBox

| *Eunidia lujai* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Eunidia* |
| Species: | ***E. lujai*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eunidia lujai***<br>Breuning, 1951 | |
|


title: Carntierna

abstract: Carntierna is a ringfort and National Monument located in County Cork, Ireland.

text:
# Carntierna

**Carntierna** is a ringfort and National Monument located in County Cork, Ireland.

## Location

Carntierna is located atop Corrin Hill in the Nagle Mountains, 2.4 km (1.5 mi) south of Fermoy.

## History and description

Carntierna was built between 500 BC and AD 500, during Ireland's Iron Age; it is one of only three "hillforts" in north Cork. The name is Irish for "Tigernac's cairn", named after Tigernac Tetbannach, legendary King of Munster in the time of Conchobar mac Nessa.

A great cairn lies atop the hill, supposedly the king's burial-place.

## InfoBox

| Carntierna | |
| --- | --- |
| *Native name*
Irish: *Carn Tigernac* | |
| Carn Tigherna, Carn Tierna | |
| Location of Carntierna in Ireland | |
| Type | ringfort |
| Location | Coolcarron, Fermoy,
County Cork, Ireland |
| Coordinates | 52°06′54″N 8°16′58″W / 52.114963°N 8.282850°W / 52.114963; -8.282850 |
| Elevation | 222 m (728 ft) |
| Built | Iron Age (500 BC – AD 500) |
|  | |
| National monument of Ireland | |
| Official name | Carntierna |
| Reference no. | 592 |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Tailor's ham

abstract: A tailor's ham or dressmaker's ham is a tightly stuffed pillow used as a curved mold when pressing curved areas of clothing, such as darts, sleeves, cuffs, collars, or waistlines. Pressing on a curved form allows a garment better to fit body contours. To accommodate tapering or garments of different sizes, it has roughly the shape of a ham. It is possible to make a tailor's ham using a heavy weight fabric such as cotton canvas; a tailor's ham may be filled with sawdust or pieces of scrap fabric.

text:
# Tailor's ham

A **tailor's ham** or **dressmaker's ham** is a tightly stuffed pillow used as a curved mold when pressing curved areas of clothing, such as darts, sleeves, cuffs, collars, or waistlines. Pressing on a curved form allows a garment better to fit body contours. To accommodate tapering or garments of different sizes, it has roughly the shape of a ham.

It is possible to make a tailor's ham using a heavy weight fabric such as cotton canvas; a tailor's ham may be filled with sawdust or pieces of scrap fabric.


title: Re: Fraynes

abstract: Re: Fraynes is a Canadian sports talk show television series which aired on CBC Television from 1954 to 1955.

text:
# Re: Fraynes

***Re: Fraynes*** (later ***The Fraynes***) is a Canadian sports talk show television series which aired on CBC Television from 1954 to 1955.

## Premise

Sports personalities were interviewed in a set which resembled a recreation room. Hosts were journalists Trent Frayne and his wife June Callwood. The series was retitled *The Fraynes* from the 26 February 1955 episode.

Guests included Edmonton Eskimos player Norman Kwong (27 November 1954).

## Scheduling

This series, approximately 15 minutes, was broadcast Saturday nights following the *hockey broadcast* from 16 October 1954 to 30 April 1955. The series filled network time until the newscast at 11:00 p.m..

## InfoBox

| *Re: Fraynes* | |
| --- | --- |
| Also known as | The Fraynes |
| Genre | sports talk show |
| Presented by | Trent Frayne
June Callwood |
| Country of origin | Canada |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| Production | |
| Running time | 15 minutes (approx.) |
| Original release | |
| Network | CBC Television |
| Release | 16 October 1954 (1954-10-16)
30 April 1955 (1955-04-30) |


title: Chamaeranthemum

abstract:
Chamaeranthemum is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Acanthaceae. It includes four species native to the tropical Americas, including Costa Rica, Peru, and southern and southeastern Brazil. Accepted species:
  - Chamaeranthemum beyrichii Nees
  - Chamaeranthemum malifolium (Nees) A.L.A.Côrtes
  - Chamaeranthemum tonduzii Lindau
  - Chamaeranthemum venosum M.B.Foster ex Wassh. & L.B.Sm.

text:
# Chamaeranthemum

***Chamaeranthemum*** is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Acanthaceae. It includes four species native to the tropical Americas, including Costa Rica, Peru, and southern and southeastern Brazil.

Accepted species:

## InfoBox

| *Chamaeranthemum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Acanthaceae |
| Genus: | *Chamaeranthemum*<br>Nees (1836) |
|


title: Scalplock Mountain Fire Lookout

abstract: The Scalplock Mountain Fire Lookout in Glacier National Park is significant as one of a chain of staffed fire lookout posts within the park. The low two-story timber-construction structure with a pyramidal roof was built in 1931. The lookout affords views into the Park Creek valley and the Middle Fork of the Flathead River, which was traversed by the Great Northern Railway (U.S.) and US 2, prolific sources of fires. The lookout was built to standard plans derived from U.S. Forest Service plans.

text:
# Scalplock Mountain Fire Lookout

The **Scalplock Mountain Fire Lookout** in Glacier National Park is significant as one of a chain of staffed fire lookout posts within the park. The low two-story timber-construction structure with a pyramidal roof was built in 1931. The lookout affords views into the Park Creek valley and the Middle Fork of the Flathead River, which was traversed by the Great Northern Railway (U.S.) and US 2, prolific sources of fires. The lookout was built to standard plans derived from U.S. Forest Service plans.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Scalplock Mountain Fire Lookout | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Nearest city | West Glacier, Montana |
| Coordinates | 48°18′1″N 113°34′24″W / 48.30028°N 113.57333°W / 48.30028; -113.57333 |
| Built | 1931 |
| MPS | Glacier National Park MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 86000363 |
| Added to NRHP | February 14, 1986 |


title: Radio Sessions 1974 & 1978

abstract: Radio Sessions 1974 & 1978 is a double live album by Welsh rock band Budgie. The album tracks were taken from two live concerts; one at the Global Village in London in 1974, the other in Los Angeles in 1978.

text:
# Radio Sessions 1974 & 1978

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Radio Sessions 1974 & 1978*** is a double live album by Welsh rock band Budgie. The album tracks were taken from two live concerts; one at the Global Village in London in 1974, the other in Los Angeles in 1978.

## Track listing

Disc one: London, 1974
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Breadfan" | 6:06 |
| 2. | "You're the Biggest Thing Since Powdered Milk" | 8:18 |
| 3. | "Hammer and Tongs" | 12:01 |
| 4. | "Zoom Club" | 8:58 |
| 5. | "Parents" | 8:38 |
| 6. | "Rocking Man" | 9:22 |

Disc two: Los Angeles, 1978
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Melt the Ice Away" | 3:56 |
| 2. | "In the Grip of a Tyrefitter's Hand" | 6:02 |
| 3. | "Smile Boy Smile" | 4:21 |
| 4. | "In for the Kill/You're the Biggest Thing Since Powdered Milk" | 7:08 |
| 5. | "Love for You and Me" | 4:09 |
| 6. | "Parents" | 10:31 |
| 7. | "Who Do You Want for Your Love" | 6:36 |
| 8. | "Don't Dilute the Water" | 6:13 |
| 9. | "Breaking All the House Rules" | 6:33 |
| 10. | "Breadfan" | 7:37 |

## Personnel

### London, 1974

Budgie * Burke Shelley \- bass & vocals
* Tony Bourge - guitar
* Pete Boot - drums

### Los Angeles, 1978

Budgie * Burke Shelley - bass, vocals
* Tony Bourge - guitar
* Myfyr Isaac - guitar
* Steve Williams - drums

## InfoBox

| Radio Sessions 1974 & 1978 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Budgie | |
| Released | 2005 |
| Recorded | 1974, 1978 |
| Genre | Hard rock
heavy metal |
| Producer | Budgie |
| Budgie chronology | |
| *The BBC Recordings*
(2004) ***Radio Sessions 1974 & 1978***
(2005) | |


title: Simanggang

abstract: Simanggang is a town and the capital of Sri Aman District and Sri Aman Division in Sarawak, east Malaysia. Located on the Lupar River, it is 193 kilometres (120 mi), a three-hour drive, from Kuching, the capital of Sarawak. It is a trade center for the timber, oil palm, rubber, and pepper of its mostly agricultural district. Simanggang is famous for the benak, or tidal bore, of the Batang Lupar River. The tidal bore comes in from the river mouth and fills up the river very rapidly in the course of about 10 minutes. The wave crest at Simanggang is up to two to three metres high. This is one of approximately 48 rivers and estuaries in the world where this phenomenon happens. What is special about Simanggang's benak is that it occurs every day, the only river in the world that does that. There is a timetable at the river which has the time and dates for when the tidal bore will occur, but the really big ones occur only a couple of times a year. The author Somerset Maugham almost died at Simanggang during one of these tidal bores, an event commemorated the event in his short story The Yellow Streak. Simanggang is also a gateway for tourists to the Batang Ai National Park, and cultural tours to the Iban longhouses along the rivers.

text:
# Simanggang

| Sri Aman District Council
Majlis Daerah Sri Aman | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | |
| Type | Local authority |
| History | |
| Founded | 10 February 1963 |
| Preceded by | Batang Lupar District Council |
| Leadership | |
| President | Anthony Abell Chendan |
| District Secretary | Tay Guan Huat |
| Motto | |
| *Berkhidmat*
(Service) | |
| Meeting place | |
| Peti Surat 78, 95007 Sri Aman, Sarawak. | |
| Website | |
| sriamandc.sarawak.gov.my | |

**Simanggang** is a town and the capital of Sri Aman District and Sri Aman Division in Sarawak, east Malaysia. Located on the Lupar River, it is 193 kilometres (120 mi), a three-hour drive, from Kuching, the capital of Sarawak. It is a trade center for the timber, oil palm, rubber, and pepper of its mostly agricultural district.

Simanggang is famous for the *benak*, or tidal bore, of the Batang Lupar River. The tidal bore comes in from the river mouth and fills up the river very rapidly in the course of about 10 minutes. The wave crest at Simanggang is up to two to three metres (7 to 10 ft) high. This is one of approximately 48 rivers and estuaries in the world where this phenomenon happens. What is special about Simanggang's benak is that it occurs every day, the only river in the world that does that.

There is a timetable at the river which has the time and dates for when the tidal bore will occur, but the really big ones occur only a couple of times a year. The author Somerset Maugham almost died at Simanggang during one of these tidal bores, an event commemorated the event in his short story The Yellow Streak.

Simanggang is also a gateway for tourists to the Batang Ai National Park, and cultural tours to the Iban longhouses along the rivers.

## Etymology

The town of Simanggang was known for the same name until 1973. Following the memorandum of understanding (MoU) signed in October 1973 between government of Sarawak and Communist members to end the armed conflict in southern Sarawak, the name of the town was changed to "Sri Aman" while the administrative division was renamed as Sri Aman Division in March 1974. Sri Aman means "town of peace" in the Malay language. In 2019, the town reverted to its old name "Simanggang" according to the wishes of the local residents. However, the administrative division retains its "Sri Aman" name.

## History

## Geography

Simanggang has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy to very heavy rainfall year-round.

| Climate data for Simanggang | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.2
(86.4) | 30.4
(86.7) | 31.3
(88.3) | 32.0
(89.6) | 32.3
(90.1) | 32.2
(90.0) | 32.1
(89.8) | 31.9
(89.4) | 31.7
(89.1) | 31.7
(89.1) | 31.3
(88.3) | 30.8
(87.4) | 31.5
(88.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.3
(79.3) | 26.4
(79.5) | 27.0
(80.6) | 27.4
(81.3) | 27.6
(81.7) | 27.4
(81.3) | 27.1
(80.8) | 27.0
(80.6) | 27.0
(80.6) | 27.1
(80.8) | 26.9
(80.4) | 26.6
(79.9) | 27.0
(80.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.4
(72.3) | 22.4
(72.3) | 22.7
(72.9) | 22.8
(73.0) | 23.0
(73.4) | 22.6
(72.7) | 22.2
(72.0) | 22.2
(72.0) | 22.4
(72.3) | 22.5
(72.5) | 22.5
(72.5) | 22.4
(72.3) | 22.5
(72.5) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 324
(12.8) | 252
(9.9) | 285
(11.2) | 281
(11.1) | 265
(10.4) | 198
(7.8) | 170
(6.7) | 261
(10.3) | 264
(10.4) | 292
(11.5) | 334
(13.1) | 405
(15.9) | 3,331
(131.1) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Demography

Sri Aman District Ethnic Statistic
| Total
Population | Malay | Iban | Bidayuh | Melanau | Other
Bumiputera | Chinese | Indian | Other
Non-Bumiputera | Non-Citizen |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 64,500 | 16,418 | 37,666 | 457 | 154 | 379 | 8,614 | 70 | 120 | 622 |
|

According to the 2010 Malaysian census, Sri Aman has a total population of 64,500. Indigenous people form the largest ethnic group in the city which consists of Iban, Malay, other indigenous tribes. This is followed by Chinese, non-Malaysians Indians, and Others.

## Transport

### Local Bus or Bus Express remain unclear

| Route No. | Operating Route | Operator | Remark |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| K25 | Kuching-Sri Aman | CPL |  |

## Other utilities

### Education

#### Secondary school

* SMK St Luke (M)
* SMK Sri Aman
* SMK Simanggang
* SMK Melugu
* SMK ENGKILILI
* SMK LUBOK ANTU
* SMK LINGGA

#### Primary school

* SK Abang Aing
* SK Melugu
* SK Temudok Kem Pakit
* SJK (C) Chung Hua Undop
* SJK (C) Chung Hua Simanggang
* SJK (C) Chung Hua Pantu
* SJK (C) Chung Hua Lingga
* SJK (C) Chung Hua Bangkong
* SK St Lawrence Sabu
* SK Sri Aman
* SK Selepong
* SK Engkilili

### Healthcare

Sri Aman II hospital started operation since September 2022.

## Leisure and conservation areas

### Fort Alice

Fort Alice, built in 1864, is the oldest heritage building in Simanggang, constructed following the victory of Rajah Charles Brooke, the second Rajah of Sarawak, over Rentap, the last of the major Iban chieftains, in 1864. The Fort was named after Charles Brooke's wife, Margaret Alice Lili de Windt. It served as a defensive structure controlling the Lupar River.

The structure was built on a strategic hilltop position and had a commanding view of the river with cannons bearing down to stop any threats coming from upriver. It played a major role in suppressing piracy, slavery, and head-hunting, while encouraging trade and expanding the authority of the Rajah. Fort Alice was the Simanggang administrative center, housing various government departments and even a prison.

It was here Rajah Charles used to preside as judge settling disputes among the local Ibans during his many visits to Simanggang. It was built entirely of belian (ironwood) timber. Much of the timber used was taken from an earlier fort, Fort James Brooke, which had been built further upriver in Nanga Skrang. However, Fort James was built on lowland and was hard to defend, as was proven in 1853 when one of the Rajah's officers, Alan Lee, died in an attack by the Iban chieftain Rentap.

It was decided to dismantle Fort James and to rebuild it in a more strategic and more defensible site in Simanggang District (now Sri Aman Division). Thus Fort Alice was built. Most of the original structure remains substantially intact, but it is in an extremely dilapidated and run down condition and in need of urgent restoration work. Many articles have been written to highlight the sorry state of the grand old lady. Restoration for the fort had been done in April 2015 and been changed into a museum.

## InfoBox

| Simanggang | |
| --- | --- |
| Town and district capital | |
| Aerial view of Simanggang and Lupar River | |
|  | |
| Nickname: Benak Town | |
| SimanggangLocation in Malaysia | |
| Coordinates: 1°14′7″N 111°28′11″E / 1.23528°N 111.46972°E / 1.23528; 111.46972 | |
| Country | Malaysia |
| State | Sarawak |
| Division | Sri Aman |
| District | Sri Aman |
| Division Office Location | Sri Aman |
| Local area government(s) | Sri Aman District Council |
| Population (2015) | |
| Total | 102,092 |
| Postal code | 95xxx |
| International dialling code prefix | +6083 (landline only) |
| President | Anthony Abell Chendan |
| Website | www.sriamandc.sarawak.gov.my |


title: The Bonnie Sisters

abstract: The Bonnie Sisters were an American pop group from New York City. The three members were all nurses at Bellevue Hospital. After hearing The DeJohn Sisters on the radio, they began singing together at work, calling themselves The Belle Aimes initially. After performing on Arthur Godfrey's television show, they were signed by Mickey Baker to Rainbow Records and changed their name to The Bonnie Sisters at the behest of Rainbow owner Eddie Heller. Their first recording was "Cry Baby", originally a B-side recorded by The Scarlets. The tune became a hit in the U.S., peaking at #18 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1956. Follow-up singles "Track That Cat", "Wandering Heart", and "Confess" failed to chart, and the group returned to nursing. The 1990 John Waters movie, Cry-Baby, is named after the group's lone hit.

text:
# The Bonnie Sisters

**The Bonnie Sisters** were an American pop group from New York City.

The three members were all nurses at Bellevue Hospital. After hearing The DeJohn Sisters on the radio, they began singing together at work, calling themselves The Belle Aimes initially. After performing on Arthur Godfrey's television show, they were signed by Mickey Baker to Rainbow Records and changed their name to The Bonnie Sisters at the behest of Rainbow owner Eddie Heller. Their first recording was "Cry Baby", originally a B-side recorded by The Scarlets. The tune became a hit in the U.S., peaking at #18 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 in 1956. Follow-up singles "Track That Cat", "Wandering Heart", and "Confess" failed to chart, and the group returned to nursing.

The 1990 John Waters movie, *Cry-Baby*, is named after the group's lone hit.

## Members

* Pat Ryan
* Sylvia Totter
* Jean Borgia


title: Semantic Web Services Language

abstract: The Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL) is a general-purpose logical language for specifying Semantic Web Services Ontologies (SWSOs), as well as individual Web services. The Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL) describes the syntax elements of SWSL and its semantic and semantic foundations. It can be used with the underlying language and network structure of Semantic Web Services. Syntactically, first-order logic is a subset of the Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL). The Semantic Web Services Language consists of two different basic languages: Declarative Logic Programs and First Order Classical Logic (SWSL-FOL). Semantically, the two sub-language of SWSL are incompatible, but the two sub-language can cooperate. SWSL-Rules is a non-monotonic semantic and rule-based language. SWSL-FOL is a complete first word logic language. SWSL-FOL and SWSL-Rules follow the semantics of the Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL).

text:
# Semantic Web Services Language

The **Semantic Web Services Language** (SWSL) is a general-purpose logical language for specifying Semantic Web Services Ontologies (SWSOs), as well as individual Web services. The Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL) describes the syntax elements of SWSL and its semantic and semantic foundations. It can be used with the underlying language and network structure of Semantic Web Services. Syntactically, first-order logic (including all connections used in first-order logic) is a subset of the Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL).

The Semantic Web Services Language consists of two different basic languages: Declarative Logic Programs (SWSL Rule) and First Order Classical Logic (SWSL-FOL). Semantically, the two sub-language of SWSL are incompatible, but the two sub-language can cooperate.

SWSL-Rules is a non-monotonic semantic and rule-based language. SWSL-FOL is a complete first word logic language.

SWSL-FOL and SWSL-Rules follow the semantics of the Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL).

## Background

Twelve authors from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), National Research Council of Canada, SRI International, Stanford University, Toshiba and Southampton University submitted four documents:

* Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL)
* Semantic Web Services Framework (SWSF) Overview
* Semantic Web Services Ontology (SWSO)
* SWSF Application Scenarios

The four documents defined the Semantic Web Services Framework (SWSF). The Semantic Web Services Framework (SWSF) includes Ontology Semantic Web Services Ontology (SWSO) and Descriptive Language Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL) . The Semantic Web Service Ontology (SWSO) and Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL) semantics can work together to accomplish tasks.

The Semantic Web Services Ontology (SWSO) is expressed in both FLOWS and ROWS. FLOWS is the First-order Logic Ontology for Web Services; ROWS is the Rules Ontology for Web Services.

Semantic Web Services Ontology (SWSO) develops a first-order logic language along with its sister general-purpose logic language Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL). The expected semantics of the concepts in FLOWS in the Semantic Web Services Ontology (SWSO) can be used in SWSL-FOL; partial semantics of ROWS can also be used in SWSL-Rules.

## Uses of SWSL

The Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL) features include URIs, integration of XML built-in types, and XML-compatible namespaces and import mechanisms. Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL) works with the basic language of the Web to meet the requirements of a single Semantic Web Service and Semantic Web Service Ontology (SWSO).

The use of The Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL) also includes helping SWSL-Rules work with SWSL-FOL.

Developed with Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL) is FLOWS, which provides a framework for description and reasoning services.

### The cases of Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL)

**Negotiation and contracting**

When shopping online, buyers and sellers represent “a financing service” and “a delivery service” respectively. When there is a natural conflict of interest between the parties: the seller wants to sell the goods, the buyer wants to benefit from the loss of the goods.

**Process Modeling**

Process Modeling can be easily divided into three steps: Generic Planning Services; Single or Multiagent Plan Coordination Service and e-Service Composition in a Behavior based Framework.

1. Generic Planning Services: "This is an example of a service to support the selection or generation of plans and their reliable execution."

2.Single or Multiagent Plan Coordination Service: Single or Multiagent Plan The nature of the Coordination Service is a service, which is designed to coordinate multiple or one plan, handle conflicts and take advantage of collaboration opportunities.

3.e-Service Composition in a Behavior based Framework: e-Service is an operation of outputting and inputting parameters. Under the conditions and effects of both message-based and activity-based, the interactive e-Service can have different combinations. The result of composition can be divided into one-time and reusable. One-time means that the combined results can only be used once and cannot be used for requests from other users. Reusable means that the combined result can be used multiple times and can be used for requests from other users.

**Process Enactment**

This section shows an example of SWSL using DAML-S, and the services of federated resource coordination operations are constrained by heterogeneous distributed policy sets.

## SWSL-FOL

### Definition

SWSL-FOL, which is SWSL-First-order Logic, is a complete first word logic language that extends HiLog's functionality and F-Logic's frame syntax. SWSL-FOL has a Layers structure.

SWSL-FOL and SWSL-Rules are sub-language of the Semantic Web Services Language. There is a grammatical overlap between the two. Although each connection used by SWSL-FOL can be used for SWSL-Rules, this does not mean that SWSL-FOL is a subset of the SWSL rules.

### The Syntax And Semantic Extension Of SWSL-FOL

The most basic syntax and semantics of SWSL-FOL's syntax and semantics is SWSL-FOL. Three other enhancements based on SWSL-FOL include: SWSL-FOL + Equality, SWSL-FOL + HiLog and SWSL-FOL + Frames. This helps the SWSL-FOL language to have more powerful features.

The SWSL-FOL + Equality formula adds an equality operator based on SWSL-FOL:=:.

> In this situation, the end of the SWSL-FOL formula uses the (".") symbol.

The SWSL-FOL + HiLog formula extends the object-oriented syntax of the Frames layer of SWSL-Rules.

> This formula extends the semantics and syntax usage rules of the HiLog and HiLog atomic formulas to extend SWSL-FOL. The combination of SWSL-FOL + Equality and SWSL-FOL + HiLog can also extend the syntax and semantics of SWSL-FOL + HiLog, but this does not help SWSL-FOL + Equality upgrade syntax and semantics.

The SWSL-FOL + Frames formula extends the object-oriented syntax of the HiLog layer of SWSL-Rules.

> The combination of SWSL-FOL + Equality and SWSL-FOL + Frame can extend the semantics and syntax of both formulas simultaneously.

### Uses

SWSL-FOL is mainly used to express the formal characteristics of Web services concepts and Semantic Web services, especially the process model:

The composition of the service and the process model;

Verification and verification services after analysis of the process model;

SWSL-FOL is in the form of first-order classical logic.

SWSL-FOL applies the ability to oppose reasoning and/or presence to many use case scenarios and can be used to formally specify service features.

## SWSL-Rules

### Definition

SWSL-Rules, which is Declarative Logic Programs, is a non-monotonic semantic and rule-based language. SWSL-Rules is not first-order. SWSL-Rules has a Layers structure.

Among them, the pure Horn subset in SWSL-Rules constitutes the core of the SWSL-Rules.

### The Syntax And Semantic Extension Of SWSL-Rules

SWSL-Rules is a Declarative Logic Programs that combines different layers of SWSL-Rules syntax and semantics into a knowledge representation language. The structure of SWSL-Rules can be easily divided into NAF, Courteous, HiLog, Frames and Reification layers. In the SWSL-Rules different branches are orthogonal and can be combined.

NAF indicates the negation and failure of SWSL-Rules in the semantic sense. The Courteous extension features SWSL-Rules, adding syntax to limit classic negation and priority rules. Nonmon LT extends the semantics and syntax of SWSL-Rules by extending the meaning of quantifiers and rule bodies. HiLog belongs to the first order, enabling highly metaprogramming by allowing variables to transcend predicate symbols, function symbols, and formulas.

Frames layer introduces the most common object-oriented features. Both the HiLog and Frames layers extend the syntax and semantics of SWSL-Rules at different levels in different ways. The Reification layer is used to create objects with WSL-Rules formulas. The Lloyd-Topor extension and the Courteous rule extension provide all normal first-order connections for SWSL rules.

Therefore, the syntax SWSL rule contains all the connections of the complete first-order logic, which provides a bridge for SWSL-FOL.

### Uses

SWSL-Rules is mainly used to express the formal characteristics of Web services concepts and Semantic Web services, especially the process model:

* rust in security, privacy and confidentiality authorization policies;
* Contracts and advertising;
* Supervise certain procedures for identifying and resolving anomalies;
* Semantic mediation of translation between different ontology or context;

Use an object-oriented ontology with default inheritance with priority and/or cancellation (for example, in the Program Manual. The logically non-monotonic nature of SWSL rules is widely used for negative failures and/or polite priority conflict handling and similar events.

SWSL-FOL applies the ability to oppose reasoning and/or presence to many use-case scenarios that can be used to formalize service features, while SWSL rules are used to infer these features and perform service.

## Language

### The Layered Structure

The semantics and syntax within the layer enhance the language modeling capabilities of SWSL. It makes it easier for learners and administrators to learn and manipulate the language and understand the relationships between different functions within the layer.

In addition, the semantics and syntax of the sub-language SWSL-Rules or SWSL-FOL inside SWSL is usually extended by updating most of the layers that are the core of the language. The layers are independent of each other, but can be combined with each other, and the specific combination is different in the two sub-language. This can provide some guidance for vendors who may only be interested in a particular subset of features.

### Main layers

#### The Monotonic Lloyd-Topor Layer:

The Monotonic Lloyd-Topor Layer extends the Horn layer by using Disjunction in the rule body; Conjunction in the rule head; and allowing new symbols of classical implication to be used in the rule head.

* The forms of classical implication: *formula1 ==\> formula2; formula1 \<== formula2*
* The new symbols of classical implication in Monotonic Lloyd-Topor Layer: *formula1 \<==\> formula2*

#### The NAF Layer

The NAF layer add the negation-as-failure symbol, naf.

The form of NAF layer: *p(?X,?Y) :- q(?X,?Z) and naf r(?Z,?Y)*

The NAF layer extends the semantics of SWSL-Rules by adding a negative failure symbol naf. The main advantage of this semantic is that it is easy to calculate, and the definition of its model is unique.

* The form before the NAF layer extends naf syntax: *... :- ... and naf r(?X) and ...*
* The form after the NAF layer extends naf syntax: *... :- ... and ∃ X (naf r(?X)) and ...* or *... :- ... and ∀ X (naf r(?X)) and ...*

#### The Nonmonotonic Lloyd-Topor Layer

The Nonmonotonic Lloyd-Topor Layer introduces explicit bounded quantifiers: *\<==*, *==\>* and the bi-implication symbol *\<==\>* in the rule body.

For example, classical implication *A \<== B* is interpreted in a non-classical way: as (A or naf B) rather than (A or neg B).

#### The Courteous Rules Layer

The Courteous Rules Layer is upgraded for conflict handling, and syntax and semantics extend four new features:

* Rule labels: The name that prioritizes between rules. The form of rule labels in Courteous Rules Layer :{label} head :- body.
* Classical negation of atoms; prioritization predicate: rules can be sorted by priority

#### The HiLog Layer

The HiLog Layer extends the first-order syntax of Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL) by allowing variables to be used beyond the function notation, predicate symbol, and atomic formula range. The expanded functionality of The HiLog Layer supports materialization and plays a key role in exploring unknown knowledge structures.

*"HiLog term* (abbr., H-term): A HiLog term is either a first-order term or an expression of the following form: *t(t1,...,tn), where t, t1, ..., tn* are HiLog terms."

#### The Equality Layer

The Equality Layer adds a complete equality predicate to the Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL) that obeys the equal congruence axioms of equality, *:=:* .

* The equality predicates in The Equality Layer are transitive and symmetrical.
* The logical implication relationship is constant when it is equal to or equal to or equal to.

#### The Frames Layer

The Frames Layer mimics F-logic's addition of Frame syntax to extend semantics. The Frames are called molecules in the Frames Layer, which introduces object-oriented syntax.

* The Frame syntax.
* Path expressions.
* Class membership and class subclasses.
* The signature molecules will give a representation of the type specification.

## InfoBox

Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL)
| Paradigm | Multi-paradigm: generic, object-oriented (class-based), imperative, reflective |
| --- | --- |
| First appeared | 1994 (1994) |
| Filename extensions | .swsl |
| Website | www.w3.org/Submission/SWSF-SWSL/ |
| Influenced | |
| Semantic Web Services, Semantic Web, Semantic computing | |


title: Shaadisthan

abstract: Shaadisthan is a 2021 Indian Hindi-language drama musical film directed by Raj Singh Chaudhary starring Kirti Kulhari. The film is produced under the production company Famous Digital Studio and distributed by Disney+ Hotstar Multiplex. The story is based on women's empowerment.

text:
# Shaadisthan

***Shaadisthan*** is a 2021 Indian Hindi-language drama musical film directed by Raj Singh Chaudhary starring Kirti Kulhari. The film is produced under the production company Famous Digital Studio and distributed by Disney+ Hotstar Multiplex. The story is based on women's empowerment.

## Plot

Arshi and her parents are bound to travel from Mumbai to Ajmer for her cousin Cholu's wedding but they miss their flight. Arshi who was unwilling to travel to the wedding had earlier gone into hiding at her friend's place, but she returns after her mother pleads with her on the phone to do so. Cholu tells Arshi's father Papaji that his friend's music troupe is travelling on their bus to Ajmer to perform at his wedding and that he has arranged their travel with them. The next day Arshi and her parents reach the scheduled place and start their journey. Her father disapproves of the troupe's habits such as using expletives, drinking and smoking early in the morning.

Sasha is the lead singer of the troupe. Imad and Jigme are other members and are courteous towards the family. Sasha is a modern girl who calls a spade a spade and hits back at Papaji when he casually remarks that their music is noise. Arshi is in a sombre mood and does not speak when the troupe members try to interact with her. This further angers Papaji. However his wife tries to calm down his nerves. Slowly, the ice between Arshi's parents and the troupe breaks and they start interacting freely.

Somewhere in the afternoon, they halt in the middle of the highway to take a break. As the troupe members are outside and the family is inside the bus, Papaji scolds Arshi for her stone-cold attitude. Arshi cannot take it anymore and runs out in the open and cries her heart out. The troupe members try to console her. She tells them that she would turn 18 the next day and would get engaged at the wedding ceremony of Cholu. The troupe members are shocked but realise that they are helpless. Arshi tells them that she had run away to her friend's place, but could not see her mother crying and pleading, so she returned. Her mother cares about Arshi, but has silently submitted herself to the archaic societal practices. Her parents are under the pressure of being ostractised from their extended family and social circle if they do not follow traditional rites. Arshi tells them that on one side she cannot see her mother crying and pleading to her and on the other end she cannot imagine her future with an unknown person at such tender age.

In the evening when they enter Udaipur, Papaji gets down for personal work and the rest of them take a detour to the hotel of Tiger, a mutual friend and plan to rest for an hour or so. Tiger is a gracious host and strikes a chord with Arshi's mother who was initially reluctant to get out of the bus. All of them have a good time at the hotel with some dance and music. Later we see the troupe in deep slumber at a Dhaba. The owner of the Dhaba answers the call on Arshi's mother's phone and wakes her up. Cholu who had called her tells her that Papaji is trying to connect them for a long time and tells her to send him their location immediately. She runs towards the bus and finds everyone asleep. She wakes up Arshi and she sends Papaji the location of the place. Jigme later realises that Tiger had laced their tea with Opium, which everyone seems to have enjoyed. Arshi's mother and Sasha start cooking dinner because the Dhaba has run out of food. While cooking, Sasha confronts her with very pointed and intimate questions and for most of them, she has a negative answer. Finally, she acknowledges that she has followed societal norms dedicated towards family and in this process completely forgotten about her intimate and personal feelings. Sasha tells her that being a free-spirited girl, she admires her sacrifices for the family but indirectly questions if she would want the same fate for Arshi.

After an eventful journey the next day they reach the wedding venue and settle in their respective rooms. On the eve of the wedding, Papaji faces humiliation from his sister and brother-in-law because he brought just half a million rupees for the wedding, while they were expecting at least 2-3 times that amount. They remind him that because of their efforts they are able to marry their daughter in a reputed family. He is deeply hurt by this humiliation and forced to rethink his understanding of the societal structure and his daughter's future. Arshi tells the troupe that she wants to spend the night with them. Sasha conveys this to her mother and they continue their discussion from the previous night. She does acknowledge the merit in her argument and at the same time expresses that, like music notes, everyone has a different approach to life. Later in the night, Arshi's parents have an intimate conversation after a long time and Arshi's mother tells Papaji that from the bottom of her heart she truly does not care about the societal norms, which also strikes a chord with him.

The next day we see the entire family happily boarding the music troupe's bus back to Mumbai.

## Cast

* Kirti Kulhari as Sasha, a rockstar and lead singer of her band
* Medha Shankar as Arshi Modi, a girl who just turned 18
* Nivedita Bhattacharya as mother of Medha
* Nishank Verma as Cholu
* Nina Borah as Cholu's bride
* Sanjay Dadhich
* Kay Kay Menon as Tiger Ji/Rajaji
* Rajan Modi as Papaji, father of Medha Shankar
* Siddharth Tripathy as Olu

## Reception

Lakshana N Palat of The Indian Express gave the film 2 out of 5 stars and stated, "In her role as Sasha, Kirti Kulhari just glowers at others, directing a snarky comment at anyone who interferes in her space. But she’s the heroine in the show, and you know you have to root for her." Ronak Kotecha of Times of India gave the film 2 out of 5 stars and stated, "*Shaadisthan* embarks on the road less taken, but never reaches its destination to truly engage and entertain its audience." ABP Live gave the film 2 out of 5 stars and stated, "That, though, is clearly not enough an attraction to make this film interesting. *Shaadisthan* is the story that ought to be told right now -- only, not in the way they ended up doing it." Rahul Sharma of BollywoodLife gave the film 3 out of 5 stars and stated, "All the actors have also given excellent performances and presented the emotional scenes beautifully. If you are with your family in Corona, then definitely watch *Shaadisthan* because such films affect everyone's mind." Rahul Desai of Film Companion gave the film a negative review and stated, "If only films like *Shaadisthan* stopped preaching altogether, perhaps we all wouldn’t feel like a bunch of unruly kids trapped in a confession booth."

## Soundtrack

| Shaadisthan | |
| --- | --- |
| Soundtrack album by Nakul Sharma, Sahil Bhatia, Swaroop Khan and Ajay Jayanthi | |
| Released | 16 June 2021 |
| Recorded | 2020 |
| Genre | Feature film soundtrack |
| Length | 21:31 |
| Language | Hindi |
| Label | Zee Music Company |
|  | |
| Official audio | |
| Shaadisthan – Full Album on YouTube | |
|  | |

The film's soundtrack is composed by Nakul Sharma, Sahil Bhatia, Swaroop Khan and Ajay Jayanthi whereas lyrics being written by Sahil Bhatia, Nakul Sharma, Apurv Dogra, Ajay Jayanthi, Kunal Singh Chauhan, Swaroop Khan, Surbhi Dashputra and Amir Khusrau.

Track listing
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Singer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Yeh Sach" | Sahil Bhatia, Nakul Sharma, Apurv Dogra | Nakul Sharma, Sahil Bhatia | Mansheel Gujral, Ajay Jayanthi, Apurv Dogra | 4:27 |
| 2. | "Leheriyera" | Nakul Sharma, Sahil Bhatia, Ajay Jayanthi, Kunal Singh Chauhan | Nakul Sharma, Sahil Bhatia | Isheeta Chakrvarty, Swaroop Khan, Ajay Jayanthi, Apurv Dogra | 3:57 |
| 3. | "Hichki" | Swaroop Khan, Surbhi Dashputra | Nakul Sharma, Sahil Bhatia | Isheeta Chakrvarty, Swaroop Khan | 5:07 |
| 4. | "Kirpa Karo" | Amir Khusrau | Nakul Sharma, Sahil Bhatia, Swaroop Khan | Swaroop Khan | 4:01 |
| 5. | "Secret Annexe" | - | Ajay Jayanthi | Instrumental | 4:11 |
| 6. | "The Pushkar Song" | - | Ajay Jayanthi | Instrumental | 1:49 |
| Total length: | | | | | 23:31 |

## InfoBox

| Shaadisthan | |
| --- | --- |
| Poster | |
| Directed by | Raj Singh Chaudhary |
| Written by | * + Raj Singh Chaudhary     + Kartik Chaudhry     + Nishank Verma |
| Produced by | * + Anant Roongta     + Sanjay Shekhar Shetty |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Sushil Rajpal |
| Edited by | Aarti Bajaj |
| Music by |  |
| Production<br>companies | * Famous Studios * Opticus INC |
| Distributed by | Disney+ Hotstar |
| Release date | * 11 June 2021 (2021-06-11) |
| Running time | 94 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi |


title: Eunidia marmorea

abstract: Eunidia marmorea is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fairmaire in 1892.

text:
# Eunidia marmorea

***Eunidia marmorea*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fairmaire in 1892.

## InfoBox

| *Eunidia marmorea* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Eunidia* |
| Species: | ***E. marmorea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eunidia marmorea***<br>Fairmaire, 1892 | |
|


title: Re: I Am

abstract: .mw-parser-output.tracklist{border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output.tracklist tr{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output.tracklist tr:nth-child(2n-1){background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output.tracklist caption{text-align:left;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output.tracklist td,.mw-parser-output.tracklist th[scope="row"]{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output.tracklist th[scope="col"]{text-align:left;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}.mw-parser-output.tracklist th.tracklist-length-header,.mw-parser-output.tracklist th.tracklist-number-header,.mw-parser-output.tracklist th[scope="row"],.mw-parser-output.tracklist-length,.mw-parser-output.tracklist-total-length td{padding-right:10px;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output.tracklist th[scope="row"]{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output.tracklist-number-header{width:2em;padding-left:10px}.mw-parser-output.tracklist-length-header{width:4em}.mw-parser-output.tracklist tr.tracklist-total-length{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output.tracklist.tracklist-total-length th{padding:0;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output.tracklist-total-length th>span{float:right;padding:0 10px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}.mw-parser-output.tracklist-total-length td{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);font-weight:bold;padding:0 10px 0 0} "Re: I Am" is the fifth single by Japanese singer Aimer, released on March 20, 2013 under Defstar Records. Written by Hiroyuki Sawano, the song was used as the theme song of episode 6 of the mecha anime OVA series Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn, as well as the opening theme of episode 18 of the OVA's TV edit version Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn RE:0096. The single peaked at No. 6 on the Oricon Singles Chart and No. 27 on the Billboard Japan Hot 100. According to Sawano, he selected Aimer among a list of vocal candidates to record the song, as he was drawn by her husky voice. At the same time, he was concerned with her voice, which she injured in a vocal accident when she was 15. This was Aimer's first foray into rock-based music, as her prior releases were ballads. The song's title is an anagram of Aimer's name. The song was written in English by Benjamin Anderson and mpi and re-recorded by Aimer in the 2014 SawanoHiroyuki[nZk]:Aimer collaboration album UnChild.

text:
# Re: I Am

"**Re: I Am**" is the fifth single by Japanese singer Aimer, released on March 20, 2013 under Defstar Records. Written by Hiroyuki Sawano, the song was used as the theme song of episode 6 of the mecha anime OVA series *Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn*, as well as the opening theme of episode 18 of the OVA's TV edit version *Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn RE:0096*. The single peaked at No. 6 on the Oricon Singles Chart and No. 27 on the *Billboard Japan* Hot 100.

According to Sawano, he selected Aimer among a list of vocal candidates to record the song, as he was drawn by her husky voice. At the same time, he was concerned with her voice, which she injured in a vocal accident when she was 15. This was Aimer's first foray into rock-based music, as her prior releases were ballads. The song's title is an anagram of Aimer's name.

The song was written in English by Benjamin Anderson and mpi and re-recorded by Aimer in the 2014 SawanoHiroyuki\[nZk\]:Aimer collaboration album *UnChild*.

## Music videos

### "Re: I Am"

The animated music video features a boy who spots an unidentified object crash into the Earth. Upon arriving at the crash site, he sees a black cat and befriends it. The cat leads him to a rocket ship, which he boards before it launches into space. The rocket suddenly explodes, leaving him and the cat floating in space as a female spirit approaches him.

### "Kyō kara Omoide"

In this animated music video, a young girl waits by her window for her father to come home from work. One day, he gives her a teddy bear dressed like him. He leaves the house once she falls asleep. Days go by as he does not return home. The teddy bear's glasses fall off and break, causing the girl to cry, but her father returns to fix the glasses.

## Track listing

### CD

| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Arrangement | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Re: I Am" | Hiroyuki Sawano | Sawano | Sawano | 5:44 |
| 2. | "Hoshi no Kieta Yoru ni" ((星の消えた夜に, "On the Night When the Stars Disappear")) | aimerrhythm | Masahiro Tobinai | * Kenji Tamai * Tobinai | 5:53 |
| 3. | "Kyō kara Omoide" ((今日から思い出, "Memories from Today")) | aimerrhythm | Tobinai | * Tamai * Tobinai | 5:06 |
| 4. | "Re: I Am" (instrumental) | Sawano | Sawano | Sawano | 5:44 |
| 5. | "Hoshi no Kieta Yoru ni" (instrumental) | aimerrhythm | Tobinai | * Tamai * Tobinai | 5:53 |

### DVD

* "Re: I Am" (Music video) – 5:44

## Charts

Chart performance for "Re: I Am"
| Chart (2013) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Japanese Oricon Singles Chart | 6 |
| *Billboard Japan* Hot 100 | 27 |
| *Billboard Japan* Top Singles Sales | 5 |
| *Billboard Japan* Hot Animation | 2 |

## Cover versions

## InfoBox

| "Re: I Am" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Aimer | |
| from the album  *Midnight Sun* | |
| Language | Japanese |
| B-side | "Hoshi no Kieta Yoru ni /
Kyō kara Omoide" |
| Released | March 20, 2013 (2013-03-20) |
| Studio | Studio Sound Valley • Bunkamura Studio • Splash Sound Studio • Studio Device |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 28:20 |
| Label | Defstar |
| Songwriter(s) | Hiroyuki Sawano |
| Producer(s) | * Hiroyuki Sawano * Kenji Tamai |
| Aimer singles chronology | |
| "Anata ni Deawanakereba ~Kasetsutouka~"
(2012) "**Re: I Am**"
(2013) "StarRingChild"
(2013) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| RE:I AM on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: LaMont Johnson

abstract: LaMont Johnson was an American jazz pianist who played in the hard bop and post-bop genres. He recorded extensively with Jackie McLean during the 1960s as well as with Ornette Coleman, Kenny Burrell, Bud Shank, Paul Beaver, and Bernie Krause, among others.

text:
# LaMont Johnson

**LaMont Johnson** (October 1, 1941 – October 21, 1999) was an American jazz pianist who played in the hard bop and post-bop genres. He recorded extensively with Jackie McLean during the 1960s as well as with Ornette Coleman, Kenny Burrell, Bud Shank, Paul Beaver, and Bernie Krause, among others.

## Biography

James LaMont Johnson was born in New York City, New York. During his childhood he took dancing, singing, and mime lessons, and appeared on the *Star Time Kids* television program at age 7. He later served in the United States Air Force in Germany, after which he attended Manhattan College and Syracuse University.

Johnson began his recording career in 1962. In New York City, he worked with tubist Howard Johnson and trumpeter Woody Shaw as the bebop period came to an end. Throughout the 1960s, he recorded with artists such as Jackie McLean, Ornette Coleman, and George Benson. Later in the same decade, Johnson began composing music for films and advertisements.

Johnson lived and worked in San Diego, California, where he established the record label MasterScores Records. Johnson worked in the film industry during the 1970s as a distributor and producer. He produced the 1973 martial arts film *Thunderfist*. Johnson was a major shareholder in the film distributors Artisan Releasing and Twin World Films, and formed another distributorship, Elmark General Film.

In his later years, Johnson lived in Austin, Texas, where he continued to perform at venues such as Top of the Marc, and released *I'll Be Home for Kwanzaa* on the Bagel Label. During this time, he appeared on *Jackie's Blues Bag* by the Hip Bop Essence All Stars, a group that also included Branford Marsalis, Javon Jackson, and Vincent Herring. He also worked with Black Entertainment Television. Between 1991 and 1997, he was involved with more than 30 jazz festivals, as either a performer or producer.

On October 21, 1999, Johnson died of heart failure in Austin, Texas, where he lived with his wife, Jayne Taylor Johnson. Johnson had two daughters, Astrid and Kyleigh, and two sons, Neil and Rand. At the time of his death, Johnson had indicated his plans to return to San Diego.

## Discography

### As leader

* 1972: *Sun, Moon and Stars* (Mainstream Records)
* 1976: *Nine: A Mystical Musical Allegory* (Orchard)
* 1979: *Aces* (Orchard)
* 1987: *New York Exile* (Orchard)
* 1991: *Burned by the Passion* (MasterScores)
* 1997: *Jackie's Blues Bag* (Hip Bop Essence)
* 1998: *242 E 3rd* (Orchard)
* 2000: *Collaboration* (with Kenny Burrell)

### As sideman

with Jackie McLean with Hank Mobley

## InfoBox

| LaMont Johnson | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1941-10-01)October 1, 1941
New York City, NY, US |
| Died | October 21, 1999(1999-10-21) (aged 58)
Austin, Texas, US |
| Genres | Jazz, soul, funk |
| Occupation(s) | Pianist
Record label owner
Film producer |
| Instrument | Piano |
| Years active | 1962–1999 |


title: Raiphi Gomez

abstract: Raiphi Vincent Gomez is an Indian cricketer who played for Kerala and Puducherry in domestic cricket. He is an all-rounder who bats right-handed and bowls right arm medium-fast. He was bought by Rajasthan Royals ahead of the 2009 season of Indian Premier League making him the second Kerala player to be part of an IPL franchise after Sreesanth. Raiphi has also represented India U-17 team and India U-19 team. Gomez represented Kochi Tuskers Kerala in IPL 2011. After KTK's termination, he was selected to play for Pune Warriors India in the 5th edition of IPL. In December 2018, he was selected for cricket association of Pondicherry as a guest player in Ranji trophy.

text:
# Raiphi Gomez

**Raiphi Vincent Gomez** (born 16 October 1985) is an Indian cricketer who played for Kerala and Puducherry in domestic cricket. He is an all-rounder who bats right-handed and bowls right arm medium-fast. He was bought by Rajasthan Royals ahead of the 2009 season of Indian Premier League making him the second Kerala player to be part of an IPL franchise after Sreesanth. Raiphi has also represented India U-17 team and India U-19 team.

Gomez represented Kochi Tuskers Kerala in IPL 2011. After KTK's termination, he was selected to play for Pune Warriors India in the 5th edition of IPL.

In December 2018, he was selected for cricket association of Pondicherry as a guest player in Ranji trophy.

## InfoBox

Raiphi Gomez
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Raiphi Vincent Gomez |
| Born | (1985-10-16) 16 October 1985 |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm fast-medium |
| Role | Allrounder |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 2005–2017 | Kerala |
| 2009–2010 | Rajasthan Royals |
| 2011 | Kochi Tuskers Kerala |
| 2012–2013 | Pune Warriors India |
| 2018–2019 | Puducherry |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition FC LA T20  Matches 41 51 62  Runs scored 1,258 1,261 774  Batting average 21.68 30.02 21.50  100s/50s 2/5 1/9 0/2  Top score 108 105 62\*  Balls bowled 2,853 1,179 588  Wickets 40 19 20  Bowling average 31.85 51.73 38.25  5 wickets in innings 0 0 0  10 wickets in match 0 0 0  Best bowling 4/58 3/51 2/8  Catches/stumpings 21/– 9/– 26/– | |
|  | |
| Source: ESPNcricinfo, 7 May 2022 | |


title: Central Pacific languages

abstract: The Central Pacific languages, also known as Fijian–Polynesian languages, are a branch of the Oceanic languages spoken in Fiji and Polynesia.

text:
# Central Pacific languages

The **Central Pacific languages**, also known as **Fijian–Polynesian languages**, are a branch of the Oceanic languages spoken in Fiji and Polynesia.

## Classification

Ross et al. (2002) classify the languages as a linkage.

The West Fijian languages are more closely related to Rotuman, and East Fijian to Polynesian, than they are to each other, but subsequent contact has caused them to reconverge. Rotuman has been influenced by Polynesian languages, evident today by the presence of two reflex sets (one inherited, one from Polynesian).

## InfoBox

| Central Pacific | |
| --- | --- |
| Fijian–Polynesian | |
| Geographic
distribution | Fiji and Polynesia |
| Linguistic classification | Austronesian |
| Proto-language | Proto-Central Pacific |
| Subdivisions | * West Fijian – Rotuman * East Fijian – Polynesian |
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | ``cent2060`` |
| **The Central Pacific languages**
Pink is Western Fijian – Rotuman; ocher East Fijian – Polynesian (not shown: Rapa Nui) | |


title: The Daredevil Men

abstract: The Daredevil Men is a 1972 British short subject written and directed by John Sealey and featuring Tom Adams. It details the activities of stunt performers and stunt arrangers.

text:
# The Daredevil Men

***The Daredevil Men*** is a 1972 British short subject written and directed by John Sealey and featuring Tom Adams. It details the activities of stunt performers and stunt arrangers.

## Plot

The film demonstrates how action scenes in a film are created using stunt performers, editing and special effects. The action includes unarmed combat, gunfights, the pyrotechnics of an electrocution scene, and a car and motorcycle chase.

## Cast

* *The Daredevil Men* at BFI

## InfoBox

| The Daredevil Men | |
| --- | --- |
| Original film poster | |
| Directed by | John Sealey |
| Written by | John Sealey |
| Starring | Tom Adams |
| Production<br>company | Wendon films |
| Release date | * 1972 (1972) |
| Running time | approx. 20 min. |
| Country | UK |
| Language | English |


title: Sengari Dam

abstract: Sengari Dam is a dam in the Hyōgo Prefecture of Japan.

text:
# Sengari Dam

**Sengari Dam**  is a dam in the Hyōgo Prefecture of Japan.

## InfoBox

| Sengari Dam | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. |
| Coordinates | 34°52′34″N 135°16′12″E / 34.8761°N 135.27°E / 34.8761; 135.27 |
| Construction began | 1914 |
| Opening date | 1919 |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Height | 42.4 m |
| Length | 106.7 m |
| Reservoir | |
| Total capacity | 11,717,000 m3 |
| Catchment area | 94.5 km2 |
| Surface area | 112 hectares |


title: Carved turn

abstract: A carved turn is a skiing and snowboarding term for the technique of turning by shifting the ski or snowboard onto its edges. When edged, the sidecut geometry causes the ski to bend into an arc, and the ski naturally follows this arc shape to produce a turning motion. The carve is efficient in allowing the skier to maintain speed because, unlike the older stem Christie and parallel turns, the skis do not create drag by sliding sideways. Starting a carved turn requires the ski to be rotated onto its edge, which can be accomplished through angulation of the hips and knees applied to both skis, leading them to efficiently carve a naturally parallel turn. Carving turns are generally smoother and longer radius than either stemmed or parallel turns. Carving maintains the skis efficiently turning along the direction of travel as opposed to skidding at an angle across the direction of travel. For a given velocity, carving with shaped skis typically requires less effort than stemming or parallel and offers increased speed and control in even steep descents and highly energetic turns, making it ubiquitous in racing. Prior to the introduction of "shaped skis" in the 1990s, the technique was not simple to learn. Since then, it has become accessible and carving is commonly taught as a form of parallel skiing alongside the classic parallel "brushed" technique. Modern downhill technique is generally a combination of carving and skidding, varying the ratio between the two when rapid control over the turn or speed is required. Pure carving is a useful technique on "groomers" – slopes of moderate steepness with smooth snow – with skis dedicated to this style. Other situations remain almost pure parallel Christie technique, such as competitive mogul skiing, with edged turn initiation aided by the moguls themselves.

text:
# Carved turn

A **carved turn** is a skiing and snowboarding term for the technique of turning by shifting the ski or snowboard onto its edges. When edged, the sidecut geometry causes the ski (in the following, snowboard is implicit and not mentioned) to bend into an arc, and the ski naturally follows this arc shape to produce a turning motion. The carve is efficient in allowing the skier to maintain speed because, unlike the older stem Christie and parallel turns, the skis do not create drag by sliding sideways.

Starting a carved turn requires the ski to be rotated onto its edge, which can be accomplished through angulation of the hips and knees applied to both skis, leading them to efficiently carve a naturally parallel turn. Carving turns are generally smoother and longer radius than either stemmed or parallel turns. Carving maintains the skis efficiently turning along the direction of travel as opposed to skidding at an angle across the direction of travel. For a given velocity, carving with shaped skis typically requires less effort than stemming or parallel and offers increased speed and control in even steep descents and highly energetic turns, making it ubiquitous in racing.

Prior to the introduction of "shaped skis" in the 1990s, the technique was not simple to learn. Since then, it has become accessible and carving is commonly taught as a form of parallel skiing alongside the classic parallel "brushed" technique. Modern downhill technique is generally a combination of carving and skidding, varying the ratio between the two when rapid control over the turn or speed is required. Pure carving is a useful technique on "groomers" – slopes of moderate steepness with smooth snow – with skis dedicated to this style. Other situations remain almost pure parallel Christie technique, such as competitive mogul skiing, with edged turn initiation aided by the moguls themselves.

## History

Shaped skis, also called parabolic skis, make carved turns possible at low speeds and with short turn radius. Skis had sidecut since they were first carved from wood – typically around 5mm on a long ski. But it wasn't until the early 1980s that much deeper cuts were explored. In 1979 Head developed the "Natural Turning Radius" concept and skis with 7.3mm sidecut (~35 m radius). Olin Corp developed a teaching ski with an 8 m radius (31mm sidecut) and the first asymmetric ski, with no up hill cut and, because side cut involves proportionately wide tips, a platform for the boot to allow a very narrow waist. A total of 150 pairs were produced.

In 1990 Volkl released their metal "Explosiv" with a 10-mm sidecut and 28-m turn radius. K2 introduced a 10mm sidecut race ski, whose improved edging and turning ability became a sought after by consumers. Volant released a 12mm cut ski in 1992, followed by Dynastar, and K2.

Elan engineers Jurij Franko and Pavel Skofic experimentally adjusted sidecut and developed a physical model—desired radius, speed, forces and lean one could generate, and bend the ski to solve for this combination. By 1991 they released a ski with a sidecut that was, at 22.25 mm, three times that of previous standard for slalom skis and a tight, 15–m turning radius. It took eight of the top ten places in its initial racing, allowing skiers to stand with a stronger straighter leg and make the desired carve. In the US, ski instructors found that students could easily make parallel turns that would otherwise take considerable practice and training. The company put the ski on the market in 1993 as the Elan SCX.

Kneissl, struggling in bankruptcy released a radical 19–mm sidecut ski for a radius of 14 m. In tests, Elan found that its skis substantially boosted skier capability. Engineers experimented and were funded at Atomic, Blizzard and others. With cuts of 20 mm, short skis were a necessity to avoid unnecessarily heavy tips and tails. Increasing widths held snow contact constant as lengths and turn radius plummeted. The necessary tip and tail mass as well as carved edge contact made 180 cm skis as stable as straight skis 20% longer. Design challenges such as engineering increased stiffness to keep wide tips from bending over bumps and in deeps continued to be met as Wright's law took over ski design.

Some (Atomic, Fischer and Head) leaped at the new designs while others resisted (Rossignol/Dynastar, K2) or took other directions (Salomon with their incredibly successful cap or “monocoque” design). The expense of competing against the dual innovations of the new carving skis and radical manufacturing innovation such as the cap, and investment in new presses to handle the width of carving skis saw several companies go to the wall, including Blizzard, while innovators such as the Slovenian Elan company thrived combining new manufacturing with “parabolic” ski design. In 1994 K2 launched its K2 Fours: a 22 meter radius 195 cm downhill ski. In 1996 Bode Miller took multiple wins. The market shifted dramatically, with "old" skis piling up, unsalable even in clearance racks.1996 was also the year when Skis Lacroix presented the first Parabolic ski in France, called "Morpho". Designed by J.B. and H.M., it was based on an asymmetric construction, featuring one left ski and one right ski. The inside and outside lines of the ski were different, being "asymmetric" to compensate for the shorter distance the inside ski had to cover compared to the longer one for the outside ski. These skis exhibited amazing carving speed in giant slalom when used properly. A couple of years later, Atomic copied the concept and created their own ski called "Differential". Although these skis would still win races today, they were not used to their full potential as nobody used them as they should be.

## Dynamics

Skis bend when edged (angling of the ski running base to the snow surface). Combined with sidecut, this creates a curved interface to the snow, and at a turn of that radius, the ski carves, rather than skids, with all points of the edge of the ski traveling along the same curve on the snow surface. These basic physical facts drive the radical parabolic sidecut.

When making a carving turn, a skier is skiing in dynamic equilibrium, so to balance the centripetal force the skier brings their center of mass to the inside of the turn. This is like a cyclist leaning to the inside of a turn to avoid being thrown off of their bicycle. Beginners to the sport are often hesitant to angulate into these turns, as they feel that such an action will cause them to fall. Ski instructors therefore teach new skiers to overcome this hesitation.

The ski is made with a side-cut radius. This is the radius of a circle that would fit into the shape of the edge of the ski if viewed in plan-view. This is approximately the maximum radius of turn that can be cleanly carved. Expertly used skis are capable of carving clean circular arc segments whose approximate minimum radius is proportional to the cosine of the angle of tilt multiplied by the side-cut radius.

## Path

Carving typically involves the skier making a series of "Cs", or half circles, down the hill (with two consecutive "C"s forming an "S"). Skidding turns on the other hand would rather follow a Z-shaped path.

Some instructors teach their students to think of these half circles as a clock. For example, the most extreme left portion of a turn would be at 9 o'clock and the extreme right is 3 o'clock. The turns are accomplished by utilizing a "rolling" of both skis from edge to edge.

## Speed

Recreational skiing is usually done at speeds in range between 5 m/s and 15 m/s with average turn radius of less than 15 m. Accordingly, sidecuts of modern recreational skis are calculated for turn radius of approximately 7 to 15 m.

Unlike a skidding turn, which primarily uses the skidding effect to reduce speed (hence the "Z"-path), a (perfect) carved turn does not lose any speed because there is no braking action in the turns. Rather, the reduction of the average path slope angle resulting from the skier's S-shaped path down the slope, as opposed to a path straight down, reduces the skier's speed. The skier wishing to go slower must wait a little longer before initiating the next C-turn, making the "C" longer. This will lead the skier to ski more across the slope (in extremes uphill), reducing the average path slope angle.

## Snowboarding

A carved turn is distinguishable by its subsequent "pencil line" mark left in the snow. This indicates that only the edge of the board made contact with the snow, and no skidding took place during the turn. The rider is using pressure, twist and tilt to get only the side of the board into the snow. Then engaging the sidecut edge which determines the carved turn shape. This type of turn causes the board to bend and store a large amount of potential energy during the turn. Allowing this potential energy to be released and then used to propel the boarder into the next turn. The act requires the snowboarding skills of twist, tilt, and pressure to engage the edge into the snow and start the turn. No pivoting should be involved while the edge of the board is engaged with the snow as it will cause skidding, or the edge to release from the snow.


title: Uniform Task-Based Management System

abstract: The Uniform Task-Based Management System (UTBMS) is a set of codes designed to standardize categorization and facilitate the analysis of legal work and expenses. UTBMS was produced through a collaborative effort among the American Bar Association Section of Litigation, the American Corporate Counsel Association, and a group of major corporate clients and law firms coordinated and supported by Price Waterhouse LLP. UTBMS codes are now maintained and developed by the Legal Electronic Data Exchange Standard (LEDES) Oversight Committee.

text:
# Uniform Task-Based Management System

The **Uniform Task-Based Management System** (**UTBMS**) is a set of codes designed to standardize categorization and facilitate the analysis of legal work and expenses. UTBMS was produced through a collaborative effort among the American Bar Association Section of Litigation, the American Corporate Counsel Association, and a group of major corporate clients and law firms coordinated and supported by Price Waterhouse LLP (now PricewaterhouseCoopers). UTBMS codes are now maintained and developed by the Legal Electronic Data Exchange Standard (LEDES) Oversight Committee.

## Background

UTBMS coding is reflected in legal bills sent from a law firm to its corporate clients. Law firms will usually use coding on time and expenses only for those clients who explicitly request it. Most clients who use UTBMS also require electronic billing, usually with an invoice in a LEDES e-billing format.

Fees, which are attorney and legal assistant time charges, are coded with task and activity codes. There are five sets of task codes: Litigation, Intellectual Property, Counseling, Project and Bankruptcy. The set used for a given matter (i.e., case or transaction) depends upon the nature of that matter. Tasks may be summarized into phases. Tasks are often reported without reporting the phase, as this can be deduced from the task. The phase/task hierarchy is uniform in the Litigation, Intellectual Property and Bankruptcy task code sets. In the Project set, only the second phase contains multiple tasks. The Counseling set has only a single level. (In such situations, a code may be considered both a phase and a task, and it may be necessary to program the time and billing software this way.) There is a single set of activity codes, which is used in conjunction with each of the four task code sets. There is also a single set of expense codes, which are independent of phase, task and activity codes.

The codes themselves are composed of a letter (the first letter of the task code set), followed by a three-digit number. Tasks sharing the same letter and first digit belong to the same phase.

From time-to-time, the LEDES Oversight Committee (LOC), the administrative body that oversees these codes, adds and changes codes. In 2007, a set of Intellectual Property codes (for patents and trademarks) were finalized and ratified. In 2011, a set of "eDiscovery" codes were ratified. In 2015, the LOC ratified a set of Governance, Risk and Compliance codes based on the Open Compliance & Ethics Group (OCEG) GRC Capability Model.

## Lists of the Codes

### Litigation Code Set

* L100 Case Assessment, Development and Administration
    + L110 Fact Investigation/Development
    + L120 Analysis/Strategy
    + L130 Experts/Consultants
    + L140 Document/File Management
    + L150 Budgeting
    + L160 Settlement/Non-Binding ADR
    + L190 Other Case Assessment, Development and Administration
* L200 Pre-Trial Pleadings and Motions
    + L210 Pleadings
    + L220 Preliminary Injunctions/Provisional Remedies
    + L230 Court Mandated Conferences
    + L240 Dispositive Motions
    + L250 Other Written Motions and Submissions
    + L260 Class Action Certification and Notice
* L300 Discovery
    + L310 Written Discovery
    + L320 Document Production
    + L330 Depositions
    + L340 Expert Discovery
    + L350 Discovery Motions
    + L390 Other Discovery
* L400 Trial Preparation and Trial
    + L410 Fact Witnesses
    + L420 Expert Witnesses
    + L430 Written Motions and Submissions
    + L440 Other Trial Preparation and Support
    + L450 Trial and Hearing Attendance
    + L460 Post-Trial Motions and Submissions
    + L470 Enforcement
* L500 Appeal
    + L510 Appellate Motions and Submissions
    + L520 Appellate Briefs
    + L530 Oral Argument

### eDiscovery Code Set

* L600 Identification
    + L601 Discovery planning
    + L602 Interviews
    + L609 Quality assurance and control
* L610 Preservation
    + L611 Preservation order
    + L612 Legal hold
    + L619 Quality assurance and control
* L620 Collection
    + L621 Collection/Recovery
    + L622 Media costs
    + L623 Media/ESI Transfer, Receipt, Inventory
    + L629 Quality assurance and control
* L630 Processing
    + L631 ESI stage, preparation and process
    + L632 Scanning - Hard Copy
    + L633 Foreign language translation
    + L634 Exception handling
    + L639 Quality assurance and control
* L650 Review
    + L651 Hosting costs
    + L693 Review Planning & Training
    + L652 Objective and Subjective coding
    + L653 First pass document review
    + L654 Second pass document review
    + L655 Privilege review
    + L656 Redaction
    + L659 Quality assurance and control
* L660 Analysis
* L670 Production
    + L671 Conversion of ESI to production format
    + L679 Quality assurance and control
* L680 Presentation
* L690 Project Management

### Counseling Code Set

* C100 Fact Gathering
* C200 Researching Law
* C300 Analysis and Advice
* C400 Third Party Communication

### Project Code Set

* P100 Project Administration
* P200 Fact Gathering/Due Diligence
    + P210 Corporate Review
    + P220 Tax
    + P230 Environmental
    + P240 Real and Personal Property
    + P250 Employee/Labor
    + P260 Intellectual Property
    + P270 Regulatory Reviews
    + P280 Other
* P300 Structure/Strategy/Analysis
* P400 Initial Document Preparation/Filing
* P500 Negotiation/Revision/Responses
* P600 Completion/Closing
* P700 Post-Completion/Post-Closing
* P800 Maintenance and Renewal

### Bankruptcy Code Set

* B100 Administration
    + B110 Case Administration
    + B120 Asset Analysis and Recovery
    + B130 Asset Disposition
    + B140 Relief from Stay/Adequate Protection Proceedings
    + B150 Meetings of and Communications with Creditors
    + B160 Fee/Employment Applications
    + B170 Fee/Employment Objections
    + B180 Avoidance Action Analysis
    + B185 Assumption/Rejection of Leases and Contracts
    + B190 Other Contested Matters (excluding assumption/rejection motions)
    + B195 Non-Working Travel
* B200 Operations
    + B210 Business Operations
    + B220 Employee Benefits/Pensions
    + B230 Financing/Cash Collections
    + B240 Tax Issues
    + B250 Real Estate
    + B260 Board of Directors Matters
* B300 Claims and Plan
    + B310 Claims Administration and Objections
    + B320 Plan and Disclosure Statement (including Business Plan
* B400 Bankruptcy-Related Advice
    + B410 General Bankruptcy Advice/Opinions
    + B420 Restructurings

### Patent Code Set

* PA100 Assessment, Development, and Administration
    + PA110 Fact Investigation and Development
    + PA120 Analysis/Strategy
    + PA130 Document/File Management
    + PA140 Budgeting
    + PA199 Other Assessment, Development, or Administration
* PA200 Patent Investigation and Analysis
    + PA210 State-of-the-Art Investigation
    + PA220 Patentability Investigation
    + PA230 Clearance Investigation
    + PA240 Validity Investigation
    + PA250 Publication Watches
    + PA260 Infringement Investigation
    + PA270 Status Investigation
    + PA299 Other Patent Investigation and Analysis
* PA300 Domestic Patent Preparation
    + PA310 Provisional Application Preparation - Domestic
    + PA320 Non-Provisional Application Preparation - Domestic
    + PA330 Design Application Preparation - Domestic
    + PA340 Plant Patent Preparation - Domestic
    + PA350 Continuing Application Preparation - Domestic
    + PA360 Validation Patent Application Preparation - Domestic
    + PA399 Other Patent Application Preparation - Domestic
* PA400 Domestic Patent Prosecution
    + PA450 Post-Issuance Remedial Action - Domestic
    + PA560 Validation Patent Application Preparation - International
    + PA650 Post-Issuance Remedial Action - International
    + PA410 Information Disclosure Statement - Domestic
    + PA420 Preliminary Amendment - Domestic
    + PA430 Official Communication - Domestic
    + PA440 Quasi-Judicial Administrative Proceedings - Domestic
    + PA499 Other Patent Prosecution - Domestic
* PA500 International Patent Preparation
    + PA510 Provisional Application Preparation - International
    + PA520 Non-Provisional Application Preparation - International
    + PA530 Design Application Preparation - International
    + PA540 Plant Patent Preparation - International
    + PA550 Continuing Application Preparation - International
    + PA599 Other Patent Application Preparation - International
* PA600 International Patent Prosecution
    + PA610 Information Disclosure Statement - International
    + PA620 Preliminary Amendment - International
    + PA630 Official Communication - International
    + PA640 Quasi-Judicial Administrative Proceedings - International
    + PA699 Other Patent Prosecution - International
* PA700 Other Patent-Related Tasks
    + PA710 Opinion Preparation
    + PA720 Portfolio Analysis and Management
    + PA730 Assignments and Security Interests
    + PA740 Licensing

### Trademark Code Set

* TR100 Assessment, Development, and Administration
    + TR110 Fact Investigation and Development
    + TR120 Analysis/Strategy
    + TR130 Document/File Management
    + TR140 Budgeting
    + TR199 Other Assessment, Development, or Administration
* TR200 Trademark Investigation and Analysis
    + TR220 Registerability Investigation
    + TR230 Clearance Investigation
    + TR240 Opposition Investigation
    + TR250 Publication Watches
    + TR260 Enforcement Investigation
    + TR270 Status Investigation
    + TR299 Other Trademark Investigation and Analysis
* TR300 Domestic Trademark Application Preparation
    + TR310 Application Preparation and Filing - Domestic
    + TR399 Other Domestic Trademark Application Preparation and Filing
* TR400 Domestic Trademark Prosecution and Renewal
    + TR410 Aff., Pet., Ext., Decl. and Other Filings - Domestic
    + TR420 Preliminary Amendment - Domestic
    + TR430 Official Communication - Domestic
    + TR440 Quasi-Judicial Administrative Proceedings - Domestic
    + TR499 Other Trademark Prosecution - Domestic
* TR500 International Trademark Application Preparation and Renewals
    + TR510 Application Preparation and Filing - International
    + TR599 Other International Trademark Application Prep. and Filing
* TR600 International Trademark Prosecution and Renewal
    + TR610 Aff., Pet., Ext., Decl. and Other Filings - International
    + TR620 Preliminary Amendment - International
    + TR630 Official Communication - International
    + TR640 Quasi-Judicial Administrative Proceedings - International
    + TR699 Other Trademark Prosecution - International
* TR700 Other Trademark Related Tasks
    + TR710 Opinion Preparation
    + TR720 Portfolio Analysis and Management
    + TR730 Assignments and Security Interests
    + TR740 Licensing
    + TR750 Domain Names - gTLDs
    + TR760 Domain Names - ccTLDs
    + TR770 Quasi-Judicial Administrative Proceedings - Domain Names
    + TR799 Other Trademark Prosecution

### Activity Codes

* A100 Activities
    + A101 Plan and prepare for
    + A102 Research
    + A103 Draft/revise
    + A104 Review/analyze
    + A105 Communicate (in firm)
    + A106 Communicate (with client)
    + A107 Communicate (other outside counsel)
    + A108 Communicate (other external)
    + A109 Appear for/attend
    + A110 Manage data/files
    + A111 Other
    + A112 Travel

In late 2013, the Activity Code set was updated and ratified.

* A101 Plan and prepare for
* A102 Research
* A103 Draft/Revise
* A104 Review/Analyze
* A105 Communicate (within legal team)
* A106 Communicate (with client)
* A107 Communicate (opponents/other outside counsel)
* A113 Communicate (witnesses)
* A114 Communicate (experts)
* A108 Communicate (other external)
* A109 Appear For/Attend
* A110 Manage Data/Files/Documentation
* A112 Billable Travel Time
* A115 Medical Record and Medical Bill Management
* A116 Training
* A117 Special Handling Copying/Scanning/Imaging (Internal)
* A118 Collection-Forensic
* A119 Culling & Filtering
* A120 Processing
* A121 Review and Analysis
* A122 Quality Assurance and Control
* A123 Search Creation and Execution
* A124 Privilege Review Culling and Log Creation
* A125 Document Production Creation and Preparation
* A126 Evidence/Exhibit Creation and Preparation
* A127 Project Management
* A128 Collection Closing Activities
* A111 Other

### Expense Codes

* E100 Expenses
    + E101 Copying
    + E102 Outside printing
    + E103 Word processing
    + E104 Facsimile
    + E105 Telephone
    + E106 Online research
    + E107 Delivery services/messengers
    + E108 Postage
    + E109 Local travel
    + E110 Out-of-town travel
    + E111 Meals
    + E112 Court fees
    + E113 Subpoena fees
    + E114 Witness fees
    + E115 Deposition transcripts
    + E116 Trial transcripts
    + E117 Trial exhibits
    + E118 Litigation support vendors
    + E119 Experts
    + E120 Private investigators
    + E121 Arbitrators/mediators
    + E122 Local counsel
    + E123 Other professionals
    + E124 Other

In late 2013, the Expense Code set was reworked and ratified.

* X100 Expenses
    + X101 Copies/Blowbacks/Printing-Black & White (Internal)
    + X102 Copies/Blowbacks/Printing-Color (Internal)
    + X103 Copy Service (External)
    + X104 Special Handling Copying/Scanning/Imaging (Internal)
    + X105 Word Processing
    + X106 Facsimile
    + X107 Telephone-Local
    + X108 Telephone-Long Distance
    + X109 Telephone-Mobile
    + X110 Conference Call/Video Call/Webinar Charges
    + X111 Online Legal Research
    + X112 Delivery Services/Messengers
    + X113 Postage
    + X114 Local Travel
    + X115 Out-of-Town Travel
    + X116 Meals
    + X117 Court and Governmental Agency Fees
    + X118 Eviction Costs
    + X119 Foreclosure Costs
    + X120 Title Insurance Costs
    + X121 Immigration Costs
    + X122 Late Fees
    + X123 Publication Costs
    + X124 Publications/Books/Treatises
    + X125 ATE Premiums/Insurance
    + X126 Witness Fees
    + X127 Deposition Transcripts
    + X128 Trial Transcripts
    + X129 Trial Exhibits
    + X130 Medical Records Costs
    + X131 Medical Records Analysis
    + X132 Medical Record Service Provider Fees
    + X133 Private Investigators, Investigative Reports and Investigation Fees
    + X134 Arbitrators/Mediators
    + X135 Local Counsel
    + X136 Appraiser/Appraisal Fees
    + X137 Experts, Consultants, Other Vendors and Professionals
    + X138 Litigation Support Vendors
    + X139 Translation
    + X140 Special Purpose Location/Office Rental
    + X141 Special Purpose Moving and Storage Fees
    + X142 Settlement Costs
    + X143 Bank Fees
    + X200 Drawings
    + X201 Patent and Trademark Records
    + X202 Patent and Trademark Searching and Monitoring
    + X203 Patent and Trademark Prosecution Application Official Fees, Excluding Prosecution Post-Issuance and Opposition Fees
    + X204 Patent and Trademark Prosecution Post-Issuance (Patent Maintenance and Trademark Renewal) Fees, Excluding Prosecution Application and Opposition Fees
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title: Utricularia cornuta

abstract: Utricularia cornuta, the horned bladderwort, is a small to medium-sized, probably perennial species of carnivorous plant in the family Lentibulariaceae. It is endemic to North America and can be found in the Bahamas, Cuba, Canada, and the United States. Utricularia cornuta grows as a terrestrial or subaquatic plant in marshes, swamps, and pools in shallow waters, mostly at lower altitudes. It was originally described and published by André Michaux in 1803.

text:
# Utricularia cornuta

***Utricularia cornuta***, the **horned bladderwort**, is a small to medium-sized, probably perennial species of carnivorous plant in the family Lentibulariaceae. It is endemic to North America and can be found in the Bahamas, Cuba, Canada, and the United States. *Utricularia cornuta* grows as a terrestrial or subaquatic plant in marshes, swamps, and pools in shallow waters, mostly at lower altitudes. It was originally described and published by André Michaux in 1803.

## InfoBox

| *Utricularia cornuta* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Lentibulariaceae |
| Genus: | *Utricularia* |
| Subgenus: | *Utricularia* subg. *Bivalvaria* |
| Section: | *Utricularia sect. Stomoisia* |
| Species: | ***U. cornuta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Utricularia cornuta***<br>Michx. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Stomoisia cornuta* (Michx.) Raf. | |