title: Bob Houston

abstract: Robert Houston was a Scottish footballer who played as a forward for St Bernard's, Heart of Midlothian and Tottenham Hotspur. In two seasons with Hearts he claimed winner's medals in the Scottish Cup in 1901, followed by the 1901–02 World Championship. The opposition they defeated in the cross-border challenge was the FA Cup holders Tottenham, who signed Houston a few months later; in London, he lost the battle for a regular place in the side with future English international Vivian Woodward He was a regular feature of the squad that won the London League that season. Houston returned to Scotland a year later, aged 30. After that point, no appearances were recorded for him in major competitions. He had married the daughter of Tottenham's groundsman, and later returned to act as an assistant in the role. He remained in that position till WW2.

text:
# Bob Houston

**Robert Houston** (9 January 1877 – 29 November 1954) was a Scottish footballer who played as a forward for St Bernard's, Heart of Midlothian and Tottenham Hotspur.

In two seasons with Hearts (joining the club alongside St Bernard's teammate Mark Bell) he claimed winner's medals in the Scottish Cup in 1901, followed by the 1901–02 World Championship. The opposition they defeated in the cross-border challenge was the FA Cup holders Tottenham, who signed Houston a few months later; in London, he lost the battle for a regular place in the side with future English international Vivian Woodward He was a regular feature of the squad that won the London League that season. Houston returned to Scotland a year later, aged 30. After that point, no appearances were recorded for him in major competitions. He had married the daughter of Tottenham's groundsman, and later returned to act as an assistant in the role. He remained in that position till WW2.

## Honours

**Hearts**

**Tottenham Hotspur**

## Bibliography

* Soar, Phil (1995). *Tottenham Hotspur The Official Illustrated History 1882–1995*. Hamlyn. ISBN 0-600-58706-1.
* Goodwin, Bob (1992). *The Spurs Alphabet*. ACL & Polar Publishing (UK) Ltd. ISBN 0-9514862-8-4.

## InfoBox

Bob Houston
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Robert Houston | | |
| Date of birth | 9 January 1877 | | |
| Place of birth | Leven, Scotland | | |
| Date of death | 29 November 1954(1954-11-29) (aged 77) | | |
| Place of death | Edmonton, England | | |
| Height | 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Leven Thistle |  |  |
| 1897–1900 | St Bernard's | 24 | (9) |
| 1900–1902 | Heart of Midlothian | 23 | (8) |
| 1902–1903 | Tottenham Hotspur | 9 | (3) |
|  | East Fife |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Chinju no Mori

abstract: Chinju-no-mori (鎮守の森) are forests established and maintained in or around shrines (Chinjugami) in Japan, surrounding temples, Sando, and places of worship.

text:
# Chinju no Mori

**Chinju-no-mori** (鎮守の森) are forests established and maintained in or around shrines (Chinjugami) in Japan, surrounding temples, Sando, and places of worship.

## Meaning

Chinju no mori refers to the Forest that surrounded many Shinto shrine*.* The character for **mori** is often used. In some cases, the word shrine is written and read as mori, suggesting that Shrine Shinto was derived from Koshinto. The character *mori* () is often used in the names of Shrines. In this case it refers to a place where a *kami* is present. It can therefore be a shrine and, in fact, the characters 神社, 社 and 杜 can all be read "mori" ("grove"). This reading is present in the *Man'yōshū*. This reading reflects the fact the first shrines were simply sacred groves or Chinju no Mori where *kami* were present.

In modern Shinto, the shintai of shrine Shinto is understood to be the shrine, such as the main hall and Shinto architecture, which are covered with shimenawa, and the surrounding forests are understood to be the chinju-no-mori. In Koshinto, which is the original source of shinto, there are Himorogi, Iwakura, forests, land covered with forests, mountains (such as Mount Fuji, etc.), megaliths, seas, rivers (characteristic places such as reefs and waterfalls), and nature itself is an object of faith. In many shrine precincts and in the mountains, trees with distinctive trunks and branches and large trees are worshipped as sacred trees.

Most Shinto shrines were originally built in such a Shinto shrine or on the border between the everlasting world and the present world, where there is a sacred stone or rock. In the same way as in the ancient Shinto religion, shrines like Omiwa Shrine in Nara Prefecture, which worships Mount Miwa, the mountain itself is considered the Shintai. Some shrines do not even have a main shrine or a Honden, and some use forests and hills as their sacred objects, thus preserving the ancient Shinto religion, which is also known as nature worship and spirit worship in Japan.

According to Akira Miyawaki, "chinju no mori" is used as an academic term by the International Society of Vegetation Science.

### Planted Chinju no Mori

Contrary to these examples, there are also examples of Chinju no Mori forests created for shrines via Afforestation. The most famous example is Meiji Shrine. Some trees were brought in as donations from Taiwan and other countries, but the basic policy is to give consideration to the vegetation (potential natural vegetation) that should originally exist in the area, and the forest was planned to look like a natural shrine forest through natural renewal in the future. The plan is designed to make the forest look like a natural township forest through natural renewal in the future. In addition, when Kasugayama Primeval Forest was registered as a World Heritage Site, this point was taken into consideration and it was designated as a cultural heritage site instead of a natural heritage site.

## Vegetation

It is believed that the township forests have been preserved as such since ancient times. Therefore, its forest vegetation is considered to have preserved the original vegetation of the area, the so-called original vegetation. Today, when the surrounding nature is often destroyed, township forests are often one of the few clues to the former nature of the area. For this reason, in Forest ecology in Japan, the township forests are emphasized, called **shrine forests** or **shrine and temple forests**, and are often the subject of surveys. In many cases, they are confirmed to be valuable in the process and are protected as natural monuments or the like. In this sense, the forests associated with Utaki in Okinawa are similar.

However, it should not be assumed that the old vegetation has been completely preserved. If the surrounding area is developed and only the chinju forest remains in isolation, the originally wide and continuous vegetation will have been cut into small pieces. As a result, the area will become smaller, and it is very possible that some species will not be able to maintain their population as a result. The topography of the area may not include areas along mountain streams, and many areas will be lost from the communities that existed in ancient times. This will also cause aridification and other changes. Some areas are changed by such changes, and some species are newly invaded. For example, camphora, which is often seen in shrines, is not thought to have originally been found in the forests of central and southern Japan. Also, deciduous trees such as Keyaki and Mucunoki should not occur much in the climax community south of the plains in central Honshu.

Furthermore, in such fragmented vegetation, the animals that live there often do not have enough room to move around to maintain their populations, and the animal communities are thought to be more degraded than the plant communities. Since many plants require specific animals for pollen vectoring, seed dispersal, etc., it can be said that the degradation of animal communities is related to the transformation of the vegetation itself in various ways.

Direct human disturbance also takes place. Often, non-wild plants are planted in the precincts. Also, when a tree falls in the forest, the gap created by the fall (in ecological terms gap) is often filled by planting cedar or cypress. There are reports of advanced use of forest resources in the precincts as early as the early modern period. 。In recent years, some forests have been undercut and raked for leaves, but this kind of maintenance is not necessary, and if done in natural forests, it can lead to increased devastation. In addition, forests are often cut off from their surroundings or mowed around them due to road expansions, etc. In such cases, the forests are often destroyed by clumps or mantle communities. In such cases, forests that have lost their mantle and sod communities are prone to drying out of the forest floor, which can lead to devastation. In addition, concrete spraying is increasingly used for restoration of these areas, which is an easy and inexpensive method that does not allow for natural recovery.

Nevertheless, unlike so-called satoyamas, these forests are familiar to people, but they are treated differently from forests that are tended to for human use, and they continue to have a certain presence.

## Decline

In modern times, the belief in shinto deities has become more abstract, and the reverence for the dense forests of Shinto shrines has waned, with many believers, such as Ujiko, not necessarily considering them necessary. While there are examples where the core shrine is so revered that the shrine forest is maintained (e.g., Meiji Jingu mentioned above, as well as Tadasu Forest in Kyoto City), there have been many cases where the shrine forest was cut down to make room for road repairs, agricultural and residential land development, and public facilities such as daycare centers. In particular, in urban areas, forests were often cut down. In some cases, especially in urban areas, forests have been completely lost. There are shrines that consist entirely of torii gates and main shrines, and the original meaning of shrines based on nature worship has been greatly diminished.

As far back as before the Meiji era, there were shrines of various sizes in each village, and many of them had a forest for their Shinto shrine. This was greatly reduced by the so-called Jinja gōshi decree. As a result, many shrines were abolished, and at the same time, their guardian forests were cut down. Minakata Kumagusu has been opposed to Shrine merging since that time, fearing the large-scale destruction of nature that would result from this logging.

Jinja gōshi was intended to incorporate indigenous beliefs into State Shinto by organizing only one shrine per administrative village, but one theory suggests that the purpose was to gain concessions on the wood resources or by-products (camphor, etc.) of this process. It is also said that the purpose was to acquire the wood resources or by-products (such as camphor). In particular, there are many large camphor trees and tabunoki in shrines in central Honshu and southward, and there is a theory that these trees may have been treated at a high price.

On a more minor note, large plants of furan and sekkok, which used to be common on sacred trees in shrines, are rarely seen anymore due to the wildflower boom. There was a similar case in the past, when Minakata Kumagusu found a large plant of a magnificent epiphytic orchid at a shrine in Wakayama Prefecture, and happily explained it to the kannushi, who promoted it to the fullest. The goddess was very pleased with it and explained it to him. The priest was very angry with him, saying, "How dare you advertise something so rare in such a way? It will be stolen." He was angry.

## Revaluation and restoration

Following the conclusion of the Pacific War, widespread deforestation took place as part of national land development, separate from the state Shinto religion. This led to increased reflection on the consequences of excessive development, depopulation, and land shortage in the aftermath of the collapse of the bubble economy. This resulted in the rise of the national trust movement and other initiatives aimed at preserving and restoring forests and green spaces. The national trust movement has been successful in its efforts to conserve and rehabilitate forests and other vegetation. In the aftermath of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, there has also been a push to maintain and restore the forests affected by the disaster.

1. Kotera, Yasuhiro (2021-12-23). "Sacred Forests: The Ecological Power of Reverence". *The Earth & I*. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
2. "ARC - Faiths and ecology - Shinto forestry". *www.arcworld.org*. Retrieved 2023-03-11.
3. "Encyclopedia of Shinto詳細". *國學院大學デジタルミュージアム* (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-03-11.
4. "Chinju no Mori: The Guardian of the Forest Shrine". *Wisata App*. Retrieved 2023-03-11.
5. "Chinju-no-Mori". *www.gentleearth.org*. Retrieved 2023-03-11.
6. を含む小さな神社で、神殿のすぐ隣まで人家などが建てられている神社は除く。
7. 「みそぎ神社」 建物・施設紹介
8. Iwanami Kōjien (広辞苑) Japanese dictionary
9. Sonoda Minoru in *Breen, Teeuwen* (2000:43)
10. 神奈備祭について
11. 読売新聞 2009年1月10日 12版6面 山田養蜂場の全面広告
12. 「木を植える-21世紀の鎮守の森を目指して-」 宮脇昭NPO PLANT A TREE PLANT LOVEサイト
13. 鳴海邦匡・小林茂「近世以降の神社林の景観変化」歴史地理学48-1、2006年
14. 鎮守の森プロジェクト（2018年5月19日閲覧）
15. 鎮守の森を再び シャクナゲなど130本植樹 二里町大里地区住民佐賀新聞』LiVE（2018年3月7日）2018年5月19日閲覧


title: Solomon Shulman

abstract: Solomon Efimovich "Sol" Shulman, Semion Shulman, was a Belarusian author, screenwriter, film director and adventurer.

text:
# Solomon Shulman

**Solomon Efimovich "Sol" Shulman** (20 January 1936 – 6 September 2017), **Semion Shulman**, was a Belarusian author, screenwriter, film director and adventurer.

## Biography

Shulman's first profession was engineering. In 1966 he completed his second higher education degree at the Academy of Cinema in Moscow (VGIK), training as a film director. From 1963 to 1973 he worked as one of the creators of a popular documentary series called *Film-Adventurer's Almanac* (USSR) (artistic director Vladimir A. Shnejderov).

He is the writer of more than forty documentary films, five feature film scripts, plus a host of literary and publicistic works, published in many countries worldwide. He has led film expeditions into the most distant corners of the planet—from the North Pole, to the summits of Pamir, the jungles of Africa, the islands of Oceania, and the deserts of Australia.

He has worked at film studios in the USSR, Yugoslavia, Germany, USA, Italy and Australia, and has been awarded the Order of Soviet Journalists of the USSR. He is a presidium member of the Eurasian Academy of Television and Radio, a member of the Russian Cinematographers Union and Russian Film Directors Guild, a member of the Russian Writers' Union, a member of the Australian Writers' Guild, and a professor at the Italian State University.

His public appearances always attract a large student crowd in the auditoriums of Italy, England, Germany, Australia and the USA. He lived his last years in Melbourne, Australia.

## Prizes and awards

* 1964 First Prize of the USSR Union of Journalists at the All-National Film-Festival for the documentary film *In Broad Daylight* (*Izvestia*, Moscow, 10 August 1964).
* 1971 Prize at the Int. Film-Festival in Czechoslovakia for the documentary films *On the Slopes of Elbruce* and *In Ancient Khiv*.
* 1976 First Prize at an Int. cinematography competition in Yugoslavia for the script *The Disaster* (*Novosti*, Belgrade, 20 January 1976).
* 1998 "Book of the month" awarded by a panel of professional critics for the book *Power and Destiny* (*Izvestia*, Moscow, 29 May 1998).
* 2006 Sign of Appreciation III degree, (Int. Conference of Journalists).

## Work

### Bibliography

* 1974 *On the Edge of the World* ("AS" # 1, Yugoslavia)
* 1982 *Russia Dies Laughing*
* 1985 *Aliens over Russia*
* 1996 *In the Land of Snow and Volcanoes* ("New Russian Word", New York)
* 1998 *Power and Destiny*
* 1998 *The Lucky Country' (GEO #7)*
* 2002 *Kings of the Kremlin*
* 2004 *We are the Last to Leave...*
* 2004 *Promenade along the Sotzialka*
* 2006 *Tomorrow Never Comes* (National Geographic, TRAVELER #6–7)
* 2007 *The Nuclear Age*

### Filmography (abridged)

* 1963 *The Black Sands of Kara-Kum*
* 1964 *In Broad Daylight*
* 1965 *Pamir – Roof of the World*
* 1966 *The Valley of Sumbar*
* 1967 *The Heart of Africa*
* 1968 *The Earthquake*
* 1968 *Where the Ships Winter*
* 1969 *On the Slopes of Elbruce*
* 1969 *In Ancient Khiva*
* 1970 *The Edge of the World*
* 1971 *In the Scythian Steppes*
* 1973 *Alaid – Crater of Fire*
* 1974 *The Land of my Enemies*
* 1984 *Art-Nouveau*
* 1985 *Underwater Children*
* 1990 *Art Treasures of the World…*
* 2004  *The Opal Hunter*
* 2006 *White Man in a Hole*

### Screenplays

* 1968 *The Nuclear Age* (USSR, Mosfilm)
* 1975 *The Disaster* (Yugoslavia, "FRZ")
* 1978 *The Silence* (Australia, Victoria Film Corporation Co.)
* 1980 *The Jewish Ticket* (Australia, Australian Film Commission)
* 2007 *Colonel Kondo* (Kazakhstan, Capital Group Ltd. SA)

### Sources

## InfoBox

| Solomon Shulman | |
| --- | --- |
| Sol Shulman, 2011 | |
| Born | Solomon Efimovich Shulman
(1936-02-20)20 February 1936
Babruysk, BSSR, USSR |
| Died | 6 September 2017(2017-09-06) (aged 81)
Melbourne, Australia |
| Nationality | Belarusian |
| Occupation | Author |
| Years active | 1960s–2017 |


title: Sony Ericsson Xperia active

abstract: The Sony Ericsson Xperia Active is a smartphone produced by Sony Ericsson. Released in October 2011, it was the last smartphone released under the Sony Ericsson brand before Sony bought out Ericsson's stake in the joint-venture. It runs the Android operating system. It contains similar hardware as other 2011 Xperia phones in a smaller package. The phone is marketed towards people with an 'active lifestyle', hence the name, and comes with a scratch resistant screen, dust and water resistant casing and pre-loaded fitness applications. It is small in size with a 3" touchscreen with wet finger tracking, similar to that of the Xperia Mini. It has a two-layer removable rear cover.

text:
# Sony Ericsson Xperia active

The **Sony Ericsson Xperia Active** is a smartphone produced by Sony Ericsson. Released in October 2011, it was the last smartphone released under the Sony Ericsson brand before Sony bought out Ericsson's stake in the joint-venture. It runs the Android operating system. It contains similar hardware as other 2011 Xperia phones in a smaller package. The phone is marketed towards people with an 'active lifestyle', hence the name, and comes with a scratch resistant screen, dust and water resistant casing and pre-loaded fitness applications. It is small in size with a 3" touchscreen with wet finger tracking, similar to that of the Xperia Mini.

It has a two-layer removable rear cover.

## InfoBox

**Sony Ericsson Xperia Active**
Also known as: Sony Ericsson ST17i, Sony Ericsson ST17a
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Manufacturer | Sony Mobile Communications |
| Series | Sony Xperia |
| Compatible networks | UMTS/HSPA |
| First released | 1 October 2011 (2011-10-01) |
| Availability by region | **Worldwide** October 2011 (2011-10) |
| Successor | Sony Xperia go |
| Related | Xperia mini |
| Type | Smartphone |
| Form factor | Slate Smartphone (Orange/Black, White/Black) |
| Dimensions | 92.0 mm (3.62 in) H
55.0 mm (2.17 in) W
16.5 mm (0.65 in) D |
| Weight | 110.8 g (3.91 oz) |
| Operating system | Android 2.3.4 (Gingerbread);
Officially upgradeable up to Android 4.0.4 (Ice Cream Sandwich);

Unofficially upgradeable to: * Android 4.0.4 (Ice Cream Sandwich) via CyanogenMod 9, * Android 4.1.2 (JellyBean) via CyanogenMod 10, * Android 4.2.2 (JellyBean) via CyanogenMod 10.1, * Android 4.3.1 (JellyBean) via CyanogenMod 10.2, * Android 4.4.2 (Kitkat) via CyanogenMod 11 |
| CPU | Qualcomm MSM 8255 1 GHz Scorpion (Snapdragon) |
| GPU | Adreno 205 |
| Memory | 512 MB |
| Storage | 1 GB (320 MB available to user) |
| Removable storage | microSDHC, 2 GB (supports up to 32 GB) |
| Battery | EP500
1,200 mAh 4.5 Wh, 3.7
Internal rechargeable li-po
User replaceable
**Stand-by** Up to 351 h (2G) / Up to 335 h (3G)
**Talk time** Up to 4 h 53 min (2G) / Up to 5 h 31 min (3G)
**Music play** Up to 25 h |
| Display | LED-backlit LCD "Reality Display" with Mobile BRAVIA Engine, 3.0 in (76 mm) diagonal
320×480 px HVGA
3:2 aspect-ratio
16M colors
**Protection** Scratch-resistant glass
– Touch sensitive controls
Timescape UI |
| Rear camera | 5 MP 2592×1944 px
8× digital zoom
Autofocus
Flash LED illumination
720p HD video recording
Face recognition
Geo-tagging
Image and video stabilizer
Smile detection

Touch focus,
Video 720p HD (Android 2.3) |
| Front camera | None |
| Connectivity | Wi-Fi (802.11 //)
Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR
Quad-band GSM/GPRS/EDGE
850/900/1800/1900 MHz
**ST17a model:** tri-band UMTS/HSPA
850/1900/2100 MHz

**ST17i model:** dual-band UMTS/HSPA
900/2100 MHz |
| Data inputs | Multi-touch capacitive touchscreen, accelerometer |
| Other | **Sound** Single loudspeaker Sony **xLOUD** enhancement
3.5 mm TRRS
**Messaging** SMS (threaded view), MMS, Email, Push email, IM
**Browser** HTML, Adobe Flash
**Radio** Stereo FM radio with RDS
**GPS** with A-GPS support
**Java** via Java MIDP emulator
– Dust and water resistant
– Flashlight
SNS integration
TrackID music recognition
Google Search, Maps, Gmail, YouTube, Calendar, Google Talk
– Document viewer
– Voice memo
– Predictive text input |
| References |  |


title: Chloé Katz

abstract: Chloé Madeline Katz is an American former competitive pair skater. With partner Joseph Lynch, she is the 2008 Couple de Nice silver medalist and the 2005 U.S. junior bronze medalist. Katz competed as part of the U.S National Figure Skating Team from 2006 to 2011. She also earned eligibility to two Olympic Games, including an alternate position for the 2006 Olympic Team. In August 2011, Katz and Lynch announced the end of their partnership. Katz is currently pursuing a career in technology and is a graduate of New York University and Columbia Business School.

text:
# Chloé Katz

**Chloé Madeline Katz** (born March 16, 1986, in New York, New York) is an American former competitive pair skater. With partner Joseph Lynch, she is the 2008 Couple de Nice silver medalist and the 2005 U.S. junior bronze medalist. Katz competed as part of the U.S National Figure Skating Team from 2006 to 2011. She also earned eligibility to two Olympic Games, including an alternate position for the 2006 Olympic Team. In August 2011, Katz and Lynch announced the end of their partnership. Katz is currently pursuing a career in technology and is a graduate of New York University and Columbia Business School.

## Competitive highlights

| Event | 2004-2005 | 2005-2006 | 2006-2007 | 2007-2008 | 2008-2009 | 2010-2011 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| U.S. Championships | 3rd J. | 10th | 10th | 8th | 6th | 9th |
| Coupe de Nice |  |  |  |  | 2nd |  |
| Nebelhorn Trophy |  | 11th |  |  |  |  |
| Junior Grand Prix, USA | 5th |  |  |  |  |  |

* N = Novice level; J = Junior level

## InfoBox

| Chloé Katz | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Chloé Madeline Katz |
| Born | (1986-03-16) March 16, 1986
New York City |
| Height | 5 ft 2 in (1.57 m) |
| Figure skating career | |
| Country | United States |
| Partner | Joseph Lynch |
| Coach | Adam Leib
Johnny Johns
Adrienne Lenda |
| Skating club | SC of New York |
| Retired | 2011 |


title: Chloé Kautzmann

abstract: Chloé Kautzmann is a French competitor in synchronized swimming who competed in the 2011 and 2013 World Aquatics Championships.

text:
# Chloé Kautzmann

**Chloé Kautzmann** (born 12 September 1991) is a French competitor in synchronized swimming who competed in the 2011 and 2013 World Aquatics Championships.

## Personal

Kautzmann was born on 12 September 1991 in Strasbourg. She studies by correspondence Business and Administration (gestion des entreprises et des administrations). Kautzmann is 163 centimetres (5 ft 4 in) tall and weighs 53 kilograms (120 lb).

## Synchronized swimming

Kautzmann is a synchronized swimmer, starting in the sport when she was seven years old in the team of Strasbourg.

Kautzmann represented France in free routine combination events. She finished 5th at the 2010 European Aquatics Championships, 8th at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships, 4th at the 2012 European Aquatics Championships and 7th at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships, both in the technical routine and free routine. With Marie Annequin, she is captain of the French team.

## InfoBox

Chloé Kautzmann
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | French |
| Born | (1991-09-12) 12 September 1991<br>Strasbourg |
| Height | 163 cm (5 ft 4 in) (2013) |
| Weight | 53 kg (117 lb) (2013) |
| Sport | |
| Country | France |
| Sport | Synchronized swimming |
| Event(s) | Team, Combination |
| Club | Ballet Nautique Strasbourg |
| Achievements and titles | |
| World finals | 2013 World Aquatics Championships |


title: Chloé LaDuchesse

abstract: Chloé LaDuchesse is a Canadian poet from Sudbury, Ontario, whose collection Exosquelette was a shortlisted finalist for the Governor General's Award for French-language poetry at the 2021 Governor General's Awards, and the 2022 winner of the Trillium Book Award for French Poetry. LaDuchesse published her first collection, Furies, in 2017, and was a Trillium nominee in 2018. She served as the poet laureate of the City of Greater Sudbury from 2018 to 2020, although her time in the position was marked by a minor controversy when the city rescinded its invitation for her to read the poem she had written for the inauguration ceremony for the new Greater Sudbury City Council following the 2018 Greater Sudbury municipal election. LaDuchesse published her debut novel L'Incendiare de Sudbury in 2022. It was selected for inclusion in the 2023 edition of Le Combat des livres, where it was defended by journalist Brigitte Noël.

text:
# Chloé LaDuchesse

**Chloé LaDuchesse** is a Canadian poet from Sudbury, Ontario, whose collection *Exosquelette* was a shortlisted finalist for the Governor General's Award for French-language poetry at the 2021 Governor General's Awards, and the 2022 winner of the Trillium Book Award for French Poetry.

LaDuchesse published her first collection, *Furies*, in 2017, and was a Trillium nominee in 2018. She served as the poet laureate of the City of Greater Sudbury from 2018 to 2020, although her time in the position was marked by a minor controversy when the city rescinded its invitation for her to read the poem she had written for the inauguration ceremony for the new Greater Sudbury City Council following the 2018 Greater Sudbury municipal election.

LaDuchesse published her debut novel *L'Incendiare de Sudbury* in 2022. It was selected for inclusion in the 2023 edition of *Le Combat des livres*, where it was defended by journalist Brigitte Noël.


title: Chloé Lambert

abstract: Chloé Lambert is a French actress. She is known for her work in such films as Chaos (2001) and Disco (2008). She was awarded the Prix Suzanne Bianchetti as the most promising young film actress of 2005. She began her career onstage in Paris, and has appeared in film; however, much of her work has been in television.

text:
# Chloé Lambert

**Chloé Lambert** (born 30 March 1976) is a French actress. She is known for her work in such films as *Chaos* (2001) and *Disco* (2008). She was awarded the Prix Suzanne Bianchetti as the most promising young film actress of 2005. She began her career onstage in Paris, and has appeared in film; however, much of her work has been in television.

## Personal life

From 2007 to 2012, Lambert had a relationship with Raphaël Enthoven, with whom she had a child, Sacha, born 19 December 2008. She also has a second child, Samuel, born in 2013, from her relationship with Thibault Ameline.

## Filmography

## InfoBox

| Chloé Lambert | |
| --- | --- |
| Chloé Lambert at the Cannes Film Festival, 2011 | |
| Born | (1976-03-30) 30 March 1976<br>Marseille, France |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Notable credits |  |
| Partner | Raphaël Enthoven (2007–2012) |
| Children | 2 |
| Awards | Prix Suzanne Bianchetti |


title: Chris Doyle (rugby league)

abstract: Chris Doyle is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s. He played for the Newtown Jets and Canterbury-Bankstown in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) competition.

text:
# Chris Doyle (rugby league)

**Chris Doyle** is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s. He played for the Newtown Jets and Canterbury-Bankstown in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) competition.

## Playing career

Doyle made his first grade debut for Newtown in 1976. At the end of 1976, Newtown claimed the wooden spoon after finishing last on the table. Newtown would subsequently finish last in 1977 and 1978. In 1979, Newtown appointed Warren Ryan as new head coach. Ryan took Newtown from being a struggling outfit to being premiership contenders by 1981. Newtown would eventually reach the 1981 NSWRL grand final against Parramatta but Doyle missed the match due to injury. Newtown would go on to be defeated 20–11 at the Sydney Cricket Ground.

Doyle played 13 games for Newtown in 1983 which would prove to be the club's last in the top grade of Australian rugby league. Doyle played in Newtown's final ever match in the NSWRL premiership, which was a 9–6 victory over the Canberra Raiders at Campbelltown Stadium.

In 1985, Doyle joined Canterbury-Bankstown after Newtown were evicted from the premiership due to financial reasons in 1984. Doyle made 3 appearances for Canterbury-Bankstown over 2 seasons as he mainly played for their reserve grade team. At the end of 1986, Doyle was released by Canterbury after playing a total of 28 games for the side across all grades.

## InfoBox

Chris Doyle
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Christopher Doyle |
| Born | (1958-05-02) 2 May 1958<br>Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| Playing information | |
| Position | Second-row, Lock, Centre, Wing |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1976–83 Newtown Jets 66 14 0 0 43  1985–86 Canterbury Bulldogs 3 0 0 0 0  Total 69 14 0 0 43 | |
| Source: As of 4 June 2019 | |


title: Sophie Kennedy Clark

abstract: Sophie Kennedy Clark is a Scottish actress. She is the daughter of actress and singer Fiona Kennedy and the granddaughter of singer Calum Kennedy.

text:
# Sophie Kennedy Clark

**Sophie Kennedy Clark** (born 1990) is a Scottish actress. She is the daughter of actress and singer Fiona Kennedy and the granddaughter of singer Calum Kennedy.

## Career

Her first big break came when she starred as David Tennant's eldest daughter in the television series *Single Father*. She next went on to do theatre in London's Southwark Playhouse in *Eight Women* and had appeared in a handful of projects including Lauren in the episode of *Black Mirror* entitled "The National Anthem". In 2012, she made a short appearance in *Dark Shadows*, with Johnny Depp. She also appeared in Stephen Frears' film *Philomena* (2013) and in Lars von Trier's film *Nymphomaniac* (2014).

In 2021, she acted and produced *Sorority* with director James Webber. She later won the Unrestricted View Film Festival award for Best Actress in a Feature.

She also plays the clarsach.

## Filmography

### Films

### Television

## InfoBox

| Sophie Kennedy Clark | |
| --- | --- |
| Clark in *Urban Myths: Madonna and Basquiat* 2019 | |
| Born | 1990 (age 3334)<br>Aberdeen, Scotland, UK |
| Occupation | Actress |


title: Sonomia Terrane

abstract: The Sonomia Terrane is a geologic crustal block known as a "terrane" whose remnants are today centered in northwest Nevada, and extends into western California, southeastern Oregon, and a small sliver of Idaho. The terrane acquired its name from the Sonoma Range in that region. The Sonomia Terrane is associated with the Golconda Thrust, a structure named for its proximity to the town of Golconda, Nevada. The Sonoma orogeny was caused by the accretion of the Sonomia microcontinent onto western North America during the mid-Triassic.

text:
# Sonomia Terrane

The **Sonomia Terrane** is a geologic crustal block known as a "terrane" whose remnants are today centered in northwest Nevada, and extends into western California, southeastern Oregon, and a small sliver of Idaho. The terrane acquired its name from the Sonoma Range in that region. The Sonomia Terrane is associated with the Golconda Thrust, a structure named for its proximity to the town of Golconda, Nevada. The Sonoma orogeny was caused by the accretion of the Sonomia microcontinent onto western North America during the mid-Triassic.


title: Chloroperlidae

abstract: Chloroperlidae are a family of stoneflies, commonly known as green stoneflies, with more than 200 species and 22 genera. They appear green to yellow in colour, and are popularly used among fisherman as bait for trout fishing. Green stoneflies live in the benthic zone of the cold streams and rivers of five continents and four zoogeographical regions, emerging from the water to live in the riparian zone as adults. They are sensitive to pollutants, making them an indicator species for determining the quality of water bodies. Chloroperlidae are hemimetabolous, having no pupal stage, but instead hatch from eggs as nymphs and mature directly into adults. They are omnivorous, feeding on small organisms and plant particles, and become more carnivorous as they mature. The classification of Chloroperlidae is contested, with some believing that they should be considered as members of different orders, as opposed to the order Plecoptera that they currently belong to.

text:
# Chloroperlidae

**Chloroperlidae** are a family of stoneflies, commonly known as **green stoneflies**, with more than 200 species and 22 genera. They appear green to yellow in colour, and are popularly used among fisherman as bait for trout fishing. Green stoneflies live in the benthic zone of the cold streams and rivers of five continents and four zoogeographical regions, emerging from the water to live in the riparian zone as adults. They are sensitive to pollutants, making them an indicator species for determining the quality of water bodies. Chloroperlidae are hemimetabolous, having no pupal stage, but instead hatch from eggs as nymphs and mature directly into adults. They are omnivorous, feeding on small organisms and plant particles, and become more carnivorous as they mature. The classification of Chloroperlidae is contested, with some believing that they should be considered as members of different orders, as opposed to the order Plecoptera that they currently belong to.

## Physical description

Chloroperlidae are defined mainly by the lack of distinct pigment patterns on the thorax, a relatively short cerci compared to the abdomen, slender labial palps, wings pads which are not divergent from the midline and short legs. Adult Chloroperlidae are typically yellowish green in coloration, which gives them their common name.

Insects in this family are small to medium-sized, ranging from 6 to 20 mm or 10 to 20 mm and have a distinct green colour for their wings, which gives the common name **green stoneflies**. They can also be yellow, and fly fishermen commonly refer to them as **yellow** **sallflies** or **yellow sallies**. Chloroperlidae undergo incomplete metamorphosis, only having three life stages (egg, nymph, and adult), but no pupal stage. In the nymph stage, they have almost-parallel hindwing pads to their brown to yellow body, short legs and cerci smaller than their abdomen. As they become adults, their body and wings become oval-shaped and can be somewhat green, yellow, or white.

## Taxonomy

Chloroperlidae is a family of stoneflies, typically referred to as green stoneflies, and is part of the order Plecoptera, splitting off into its lineage roughly 150 million years ago. This classification as a separate family was originally made in 1912. There is some contention about Chloroperlidae’s classification, however, with some arguing it is a subfamily within Perlidae, some arguing it is its own family within Perlomorpha, and others believing it is its own family within Perloidea. It is composed of more than 200 species.

Subfamilies & genera

Two subfamilies are included by the *Plecoptera Species File*:

### Chloroperlinae

Authority: Okamoto, 1912

tribe Alloperlini Surdick, 1985 1. *Alloperla* Banks, 1906
2. *Bisancora* Surdick, 1981
3. *Gaufinia* Stark & Baumann, 2021
4. *Sasquaperla* Stark & Baumann, 2001
5. *Sweltsa* Ricker, 1943

tribe Chloroperlini Okamoto, 1912 1. *Alaskaperla* Stewart & DeWalt, 1991
2. *Chloroperla* Newman, 1836
3. *Haploperla* Navás, 1934
4. *Isoptena* Enderlein, 1909
5. *Plesioperla* Zwick, 1967
6. *Plumiperla* Surdick, 1985
7. *Pontoperla* Zwick, 1967
8. *Rasvena* Ricker, 1952
9. *Siphonoperla* Zwick, 1967
10. *Triznaka* Ricker, 1952
11. *Xanthoperla* Zwick, 1967

tribe Suwalliini Surdick, 1985 1. *Suwallia* Ricker, 1943

### Paraperlinae

Authority: Ricker, 1943

1. *Paraperla* Banks, 1906
2. *Utaperla* Ricker, 1952

**Note:** *Kathroperla* is now placed in the monotypic family Kathroperlidae Banks, 1947.

### *Incertae sedis*

Dipsoperla Sinitshenkova, 1987

## Worldwide distribution

More than 200 species of the Chloroperlidae family are distributed predominantly in the Holarctic region. Nearly 80 species distributed among the Nearctic and East Palaearctic Regions are in the genera *Sweltsa* and *Alloperla*. Four genera and 19 species still exist in Europe.

Estimated Chloroperlidae species divided among continents are 95 in North America, 2 in Central America, 19 in Europe, 1 in Africa, and 89 in Asia. Estimated Chloroperlidae species by zoogeographical region are 20 in the Palaearctic Region, 95 in the Nearctic Region, 2 in the Neotropical Region, with a total species number of 206 in the World. Estimated Chloroperlidae genera by zoogeographical region are 14 in Palaearctic, 12 in Nearctic, 2 in Neotropical, 2 in Oriental, with a total genera number of 17 in the World.

## Habitat

Nymphs are aquatic and inhabit a wide variety of habitats, especially in the stony bottoms of cold mountain streams and/or lakes. The family Chloroperlidae is not very tolerant to pollutants, making them a good indicator species of very high water quality. *Suwallia pallidula* nymphs dwell in the hyporheic zone emerging only when are going to become winged adults. This shows the importance of the hyporheic zone prior to their emergence, but also the challenges for further research on early instars and voltinism. As winged adults, they migrate onto land where they dwell on rocks, debris, and plants near the water.

## Life cycle

Chloroperlidae are hemimetabolous (undergo incomplete metamorphosis), with no pupal stage and three life stages: egg, nymph, and adult.

The Chloroperlidae life cycle begins with an egg. Adult females deposit egg sacs containing fertilized eggs into a water body either by dropping the sac above the water body, releasing eggs from the banks of a water body, or by depositing egg sacs along the gravel substrate. If circumstances are unfavourable for hatching, the eggs may enter diapause for 3 to 12 months. Otherwise, the eggs may hatch within 2–3 weeks or a few months.

After the eggs hatch, the nymph stage of the cycle begins. Chloroperlidae nymphs reside in the benthic portions of the water body among and within the gravel and sediment. As the nymphs mature, they undergo 12-23 developmental stages, or instars, and progressively grow larger and more mature by shedding their exoskeleton. They also grow wing pads as they develop, which become functioning wings as adults. After approximately one year of development, the nymphs undergo their final moult and become adults, emerging from the water body in the spring or summer. Male Chloroperlidae mature faster, and therefore emerge earlier than females.

The objective for Chloroperlidae adults is to find a mate and reproduce. Most Chloroperlidae do not feed; their sole focus is mating. However, some species with longer adult stages do feed, to maintain enough energy to both evade predators and find a mate. To attract a mate, males land on a rock or piece of vegetation near the water and produce sounds by striking their abdomen against an object of their choice. The sound attracts nearby females of the same species, and an interested female will make the same sound back to the male. Once they locate each other, they mate, with the male depositing his sperm directly into the female's reproductive organs to fertilize her eggs. Mating Chloroperlidae are often found in swarms, clustered around vegetation near a water body. Chloroperlidae are polygynous, and males that emerge early are larger and more likely to be successful in reproducing with multiple females. After fertilization, the eggs are deposited in the nearest body of water. The flies then die soon after mating, as the adult stage of Chloroperlidae lasts only 1–4 weeks.

## Feeding strategies

Chloroperlidae consume food, but they are also an important food source for many fish and invertebrates in freshwater ecosystems.

### Nymphs

Most nymph Chloroperlidae are omnivores with mostly fine particulate organic matter, coarse particulate organic matter, and unicellular organisms found in their gut content. However, as they mature, they typically become carnivores consuming chironomid midge, mayfly, caddisfly, and stonefly larvae. The mouths of carnivorous nymphs are usually for grasping and penetrating prey; however, mouths of herbivores are used for scraping and grinding. Specifically for *Isoptena serricornis*, the diet of the nymphs mostly contained detritus, unicellular organisms. For nymphs of intermediate or large size, Chironomidae larvae have also been consumed.

### Adults

Although adults generally do not feed, predatory nymph species have been found to continue to feed actively as adults. Specifically for *Isoptena serricornis*, the diet of adults mostly contained pollen grains and some fungi, detritus and Cyanoprokaryota. Males typically have lower food content than female, suggesting that females had greater reproductive effort.

## InfoBox

| Chloroperlidae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| An instar of Chloroperlidae | |
|  | |
| *Xanthoperla apicalis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Plecoptera |
| Superfamily: | Perloidea |
| Family: | Chloroperlidae<br>DeWalt, 2013 |
|


title: Chloropentammineplatinum chloride

abstract:
Chloropentammineplatinum chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula [PtCl(NH3)5]Cl3. It is a chloride salt of the coordination complex [PtCl(NH3)5]+. It is a white, water soluble solid. The compound is prepared by treating potassium hexachloroplatinate with aqueous ammonia:
  - K2PtCl6 + 5 NH3 → [PtCl(NH3)5]Cl3 + 2 KCl

text:
# Chloropentammineplatinum chloride

**Chloropentammineplatinum chloride** is an inorganic compound with the formula \[PtCl(NH3)5\]Cl3. It is a chloride salt of the coordination complex \[PtCl(NH3)5\]+. It is a white, water soluble solid.

The compound is prepared by treating potassium hexachloroplatinate with aqueous ammonia:

K2PtCl6 \+ 5 NH3\[PtCl(NH3)5\]Cl3 \+ 2 KCl

The title complex is one of several platinum ammine complexes.

## InfoBox

Chloropentammineplatinum chloride
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| Other names Pentammineplatinum(IV) chloride, Pentammineplatinum chloride, Chloropentammineplatinum(IV) chloride | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/4ClH.5H3N.Pt/h4\*1H;5\*1H3;/q;;;;;;;;;+4/p-4Key: XXWVYPODEOCLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-J | |
| SMILES * N.N.N.N.N.\[Cl-\].\[Cl-\].\[Cl-\].\[Cl-\].\[Pt+4\] | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | Cl4H15N5Pt |
| Molar mass | 422.04 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | white solid |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Chloropaschia rufibasis

abstract: Chloropaschia rufibasis is a species of snout moth in the genus Chloropaschia. It is found in Trinidad, Costa Rica and Peru.

text:
# Chloropaschia rufibasis

***Chloropaschia rufibasis*** is a species of snout moth in the genus *Chloropaschia*. It is found in Trinidad, Costa Rica and Peru.

## InfoBox

| *Chloropaschia rufibasis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Chloropaschia* |
| Species: | ***C. rufibasis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Chloropaschia rufibasis***<br>(H. Druce, 1910) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Macalla rufibasis* H. Druce, 1910 * *Pococera brunnapex* Kaye, 1922 * *Macalla claphealis* Schaus, 1912 | |


title: Somera (moth)

abstract: Somera is a genus of moths of the family Notodontidae. The genus was erected by Francis Walker in 1855.

text:
# Somera (moth)

***Somera*** is a genus of moths of the family Notodontidae. The genus was erected by Francis Walker in 1855.

## Species

* Kobayashi, H., 2012: New Notodontidae species in Southeast Asia (2) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). *Tinea* **22 (1)**: 6-11.
* Schintlmeister, A & C.L. Fang, 2001, *New and less known Notodontidae from mainland China* *Neue Entomologische Nachrichten* **band 50**: 1-141.
* Schintlmeister, Alexander, 2008, *Palaearctic Macrolepidoptera* **Volume 1**: 1-482. *Notodontidae*

* Savela, Markku. "*Somera* Walker, 1855". *Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms*. Retrieved August 4, 2019.

## InfoBox

| *Somera* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Notodontidae |
| Genus: | *Somera*<br>Walker, 1855 |
|


title: Sophronica rufina

abstract: Sophronica rufina is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1981.

text:
# Sophronica rufina

***Sophronica rufina*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1981.

## InfoBox

| *Sophronica rufina* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Sophronica* |
| Species: | ***S. rufina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Sophronica rufina***<br>Breuning, 1981 | |
|


title: Sophronica rubida

abstract: Sophronica rubida is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1940.

text:
# Sophronica rubida

***Sophronica rubida*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1940.

## InfoBox

| *Sophronica rubida* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Sophronica* |
| Species: | ***S. rubida*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Sophronica rubida***<br>Breuning, 1940 | |
|


title: Chris Grocock

abstract: Christopher Richard Grocock is an English lawyer and former professional footballer.

text:
# Chris Grocock

**Christopher Richard Grocock** (born 30 October 1968) is an English lawyer and former professional footballer.

## Career

Born in Grimsby, Grocock played as a left winger for Grimsby Town, Boston United, Grantham Town, Bridlington Town, Boston Town, Brigg Town and Louth United.

After retiring as a player he became a solicitor.

## InfoBox

Chris Grocock
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Christopher Richard Grocock | | |
| Date of birth | (1968-10-30) 30 October 1968 | | |
| Place of birth | Grimsby, England | | |
| Position(s) | Left winger | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Grimsby Town | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1987–1989 | Grimsby Town | 43 | (1) |
|  | Boston United |  |  |
|  | Grantham Town |  |  |
|  | Bridlington Town |  |  |
|  | Boston Town |  |  |
|  | Brigg Town |  |  |
|  | Louth United |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Chris Grismer

abstract: Chris Grismer is a Canadian director and producer of film, television and music videos, now residing in Los Angeles. His debut feature film, Clutch, premiered at the 1998 Toronto International Film Festival, before going into commercial release in 2000. His television credits include Designated Survivor, Killjoys, The Vampire Diaries, The Originals, The Nine Lives of Chloe King, Playmakers, This Is Wonderland, Queer As Folk, Pretty Little Liars, Deputy, Prodigal Son and Quantum Leap. As a music video director, he has directed videos for Arcade Fire, Broken Social Scene, Metric, Stars, Death From Above 1979, Magneta Lane, The Fembots and Motion City Soundtrack. He was nominated for a Gemini Award in 2009 for his work on Being Erica.

text:
# Chris Grismer

**Chris Grismer** is a Canadian director and producer of film, television and music videos, now residing in Los Angeles. His debut feature film, *Clutch*, premiered at the 1998 Toronto International Film Festival, before going into commercial release in 2000.

His television credits include *Designated Survivor*, *Killjoys*, *The Vampire Diaries*, *The Originals*, *The Nine Lives of Chloe King*, *Playmakers*, *This Is Wonderland*, *Queer As Folk*, *Pretty Little Liars*, *Deputy*, *Prodigal Son* and *Quantum Leap*.

As a music video director, he has directed videos for Arcade Fire, Broken Social Scene, Metric, Stars, Death From Above 1979, Magneta Lane, The Fembots and Motion City Soundtrack.

He was nominated for a Gemini Award in 2009 for his work on *Being Erica*.


title: Chorsia albiscripta

abstract: Chorsia albiscripta is a species of moth of the genus Chorsia and family Erebidae. This species is found on Sri Lanka, southern India, Japan, Borneo.

text:
# Chorsia albiscripta

***Chorsia albiscripta*** is a species of moth of the genus *Chorsia* and family Erebidae. This species is found on Sri Lanka, southern India, Japan, Borneo.

## InfoBox

| *Chorsia albiscripta* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Chorsia albiscripta* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Genus: | *Chorsia* |
| Species: | ***C. albiscripta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Chorsia albiscripta***<br>(Hampson, 1898) | |
|


title: Chorizandra multiarticulata

abstract: Chorizandra multiarticulata is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to Australia. The monoecious and rhizomatous perennial sedge typically grows to a height of 0.6 metres (2.0 ft). The plant blooms between August and September producing purple-brown flowers. In Western Australia it is found in swampy areas along the coast of the Wheatbelt and Goldfields-Esperance regions where it grows in sandy-clay soils.

text:
# Chorizandra multiarticulata

***Chorizandra multiarticulata*** is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to Australia.

The monoecious and rhizomatous perennial sedge typically grows to a height of 0.6 metres (2.0 ft). The plant blooms between August and September producing purple-brown flowers.

In Western Australia it is found in swampy areas along the coast of the Wheatbelt and Goldfields-Esperance regions where it grows in sandy-clay soils.

## InfoBox

| *Chorizandra multiarticulata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Cyperaceae |
| Genus: | *Chorizandra* |
| Species: | ***C. multiarticulata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Chorizandra multiarticulata***<br>Nees | |
|


title: Cleaton, Kentucky

abstract: Cleaton is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 168.

text:
# Cleaton, Kentucky

**Cleaton** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 168.

## History

A post office called Cleaton has been in operation since 1901. The name Cleaton was the middle name of the wife of the postmaster.

## Geography

Cleaton is in eastern Muhlenberg County northeast of U.S. Route 431, which forms the western edge of the community. The neighborhood of Holt is in the northern part of the CDP, while Bevier is in the southern part. US 431 leads northwest 3.5 miles (5.6 km) to Central City and southeast 4 miles (6 km) to Drakesboro. Greenville, the county seat, is 6 miles (10 km) to the southwest.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Cleaton CDP has an area of 0.62 square miles (1.61 km2), of which 0.003 square miles (0.008 km2), or 0.48%, are water. The community is drained to the southeast by a tributary of Pond Creek, which flows north to the Green River.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 168 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

## InfoBox

| Cleaton, Kentucky | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| CleatonCleaton | |
| Coordinates: 37°15′16″N 87°5′20″W / 37.25444°N 87.08889°W / 37.25444; -87.08889 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kentucky |
| County | Muhlenberg |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.62 sq mi (1.61 km2) |
| Land | 0.62 sq mi (1.61 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.01 km2) |
| Elevation | 440 ft (130 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 168 |
| Density | 270.97/sq mi (104.67/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CST) |
| ZIP code | 42332 |
| FIPS code | 21-15490 |
| GNIS feature ID | 489650 |


title: 1997 San Marino referendum

text:
# 1997 San Marino referendum

A referendum was held in San Marino on 26 October 1997. Voters were asked whether they approved of a proposal that any corporation buying, administering or selling land and property would have to be a public company. It was approved by 88.1% of voters.

## Results

> Do you want that corporations with the purpose of acquiring, administering or selling real estate have to exercise their economic activities in the form of a public company?

| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| For | 11,877 | 88.1 |
| Against | 1,607 | 11.9 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 412 |  |
| **Total** | **13,896** | **100** |
| Registered voters/turnout | 29,932 | 46.4 |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | | |

## InfoBox

1997 San Marino referendum
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
| --- | |
| Do you want that corporations with the purpose of acquiring, administering or selling real estate have to exercise their economic activities in the form of a public company? | |
| Results | |
| Choice Votes  %  **Yes** **11,877** **88.08%**  **No** 1,607 11.92%  Valid votes 13,484 97.04%  Invalid or blank votes 412 2.96%  **Total votes** **13,896** **100.00%**  Registered voters/turnout 29,932 46.43% | |


title: Bilaluşağı, Baskil

abstract: Bilaluşağı is a village in the Baskil District of Elazığ Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Herdî tribe and had a population of 224 in 2021. The hamlet of Yukarımahalle is attached to the village. Bilaluşağı gets its name from a former head of the village called Bilal. Ancient graves, which are in poor condition and dating back to the times of the Seljuk Empire, can be found near the village.

text:
# Bilaluşağı, Baskil

**Bilaluşağı** (Kurdish: Bîlan/Bîlalan) is a village in the Baskil District of Elazığ Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Herdî tribe and had a population of 224 in 2021. The hamlet of Yukarımahalle is attached to the village.

Bilaluşağı gets its name from a former head of the village called Bilal. Ancient graves, which are in poor condition and dating back to the times of the Seljuk Empire, can be found near the village.

## InfoBox

| Bilaluşağı | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| BilaluşağıLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 38°34′12″N 38°23′53″E / 38.570°N 38.398°E / 38.570; 38.398 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Elazığ |
| District | Baskil |
| Population (2021) | 224 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Beverly, Missouri

abstract: Beverly is an unincorporated community in Platte County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is within the Kansas City metropolitan area. The community is located at the confluence of Bee Creek with the Missouri River Floodplain. Missouri Route 92 and Missouri Route 45 pass through the community. Platte City lies four miles to the east on Route 92. Weston Bend State Park is just to the north on Route 45.

text:
# Beverly, Missouri

**Beverly** is an unincorporated community in Platte County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is within the Kansas City metropolitan area.

The community is located at the confluence of Bee Creek with the Missouri River Floodplain. Missouri Route 92 and Missouri Route 45 pass through the community. Platte City lies four miles to the east on Route 92. Weston Bend State Park is just to the north on Route 45.

## History

A variant name was "Beverly Station". A post office called Beverly Station was established in 1874, the name was changed to Beverly in 1946, and the post office closed in 1960. The community was named after one Mr. Beverly, a railroad employee.

39°22′05″N 94°52′02″W / 39.3680547°N 94.8671847°W / 39.3680547; -94.8671847


title: El Protector (2014)

abstract: El Protector (2014) was an annual professional wrestling major event produced by Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG), which took place on February 2, 2014 in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico, Mexico. The 2014 El Protector was the third annual event produced under that name and the first to be held in February. The focal point of the show was the El Protector tag team tournament where seven teams competed for the trophy.

text:
# El Protector (2014)

**El Protector (2014)** was an annual professional wrestling major event produced by Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG), which took place on February 2, 2014 in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico, Mexico. The 2014 *El Protector* was the third annual event produced under that name and the first to be held in February. The focal point of the show was the *El Protector* tag team tournament where seven teams competed for the trophy.

## Production

### Background

*Lucha Libre* has a tradition for a tournament where a rookie, or *novato*, would be teamed up with an experienced veteran wrestler for a tag team tournament in the hopes of giving the *Novato* a chance to show case their talent and move up the ranks. Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre has held a *Torneo Gran Alternativa* ("Great Alternative Tournament") almost every year since 1994, but the concept predates the creation of the *Gran Alternativa*. The Mexican professional wrestling company International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG; at times referred to as *Grupo Internacional Revolución* in Mexico) started their own annual rookie/veteran tournament in 2010. The first two tournaments were called *Torneo Relampago de Proyeccion a Nuevas Promesas de la Lucha Libre* (Spanish for "Projecting a new promise lightning tournament") but would be renamed the *El Protector* tournament in 2012. The *El Protector* shows, as well as the majority of the IWRG shows in general, are held in "Arena Naucalpan", owned by the promoters of IWRG and their main arena. The 2014 *El Protector* show was the fifth time that IWRG promoted a show around the rookie/veteran tournament, with the name changing to *El Protector* in 2012 and onwards.

### Storylines

The event featured nine professional wrestling matches with different wrestlers involved in pre-existing scripted feuds, plots and storylines. Wrestlers were portrayed as either heels (referred to as *rudos* in Mexico, those that portray the "bad guys") or faces (*técnicos* in Mexico, the "good guy" characters) as they followed a series of tension-building events, which culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.

### Tournament participants

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Cristal, Dama de Hierro and Latigo defeated Diosa Maya, Sadica and Zurdog | Intergender trios tag team two-out-of-three falls match |
| 2 | Chico Che, Diva Salvaje and Miss Gaviota defeated El Hijo del Fishman and *Los Oficiales* (Oficial AK-47 and Oficial Fierro) | Six-man tag team two-out-of-three falls match |
| 3 | Oficial 911 (C) defeated Golden Magic | Best two-out-of-three falls match for the IWRG Rey del Ring |
| 4 | Alan Extreme and Veneno, Emperador Azteca and Máscara Purpura defeated Arana de Plata and Trauma I, Atomic Star and Eterno, Centvrion and El Hijo de Dos Caras, Dragón Celestia and Relámpago, Electro Boy and Super Nova, El Hijo de Pirata Morgan and Imposible | 2014 *El Protector* seeding Battle Royal |
| 5 | Dragón Celestia and Relámpago defeated Centvrion and El Hijo de Dos Caras | 2014 *El Protector* tournament quarter finals, tag team match |
| 6 | Electro Boy and Super Nova defeated Arana de Plata and Trauma I | 2014 *El Protector* tournament quarter finals, tag team match |
| 7 | Atomic Star and Eterno defeated El Hijo de Pirata Morgan and Imposible | 2014 *El Protector* tournament quarter finals, tag team match |
| 8 | Emperador Azteca and Máscara Purpura defeated Alan Extreme and Veneno | 2014 *El Protector* tournament quarter finals, tag team match |
| 9 | Electro Boy and Super Nova defeated Dragón Celestia and Relámpago | 2014 *El Protector* tournament semi-finals, tag team match |
| 10 | Atomic Star and Eterno defeated Emperador Azteca and Máscara Purpura | 2014 *El Protector* tournament quarter finals, tag team match |
| 11 | Electro Boy and Super Nova defeated Atomic Star and Eterno | 02014 *El Protector* tournament finals, tag team match |

## InfoBox

| El Protector (2014) | |
| --- | --- |
| Official poster of the event depicting the veteran participants in the *El Protector* tournament | |
| Promotion | International Wrestling Revolution Group |
| Date | February 2, 2014 |
| City | Naucalpan, State of Mexico |
| Venue | Arena Naucalpan |
| Event chronology | |
| **Previous**
IWRG 18th Anniversary Show **Next**
Rebelión de los Juniors | |
| El Protector chronology | |
| **Previous**
2013 **Next**
2015 | |


title: Thermal burn

abstract: A thermal burn is a type of burn resulting from making contact with heated objects, such as boiling water, steam, hot cooking oil, fire, and hot objects. Scalds are the most common type of thermal burn suffered by children, but for adults thermal burns are most commonly caused by fire. Burns are generally classified from first degree up to fourth degree, but the American Burn Association (ABA) has categorized thermal burns as minor, moderate, and major, based almost solely on the depth and size of the burn.

text:
# Thermal burn

See or edit source data. Rate of deaths due to fire between 1990 and 2017.

A **thermal burn** is a type of burn resulting from making contact with heated objects, such as boiling water, steam, hot cooking oil, fire, and hot objects. Scalds are the most common type of thermal burn suffered by children, but for adults thermal burns are most commonly caused by fire. Burns are generally classified from first degree up to fourth degree, but the American Burn Association (ABA) has categorized thermal burns as minor, moderate, and major, based almost solely on the depth and size of the burn.

## Causes

### Hot liquids and steam

Scalding is a type of thermal burn caused by boiling water and steam, commonly suffered by children. Scalds are commonly caused by accidental spilling of hot liquids, having water temperature too high for baths and showers, steam from boiling water or heated food, or getting splattered by hot cooking oil. Scalding is usually a first- or second-degree burn, and third-degree burn can sometimes result from prolonged contact. Nearly three quarters of all burn injuries suffered by young children are scalds.

### Fire

Fire causes about 50% of all cases of thermal burns in the United States. The most frequent event where people get burned by fire is during house fires encountered by firefighters and trapped occupants, where 85% of all fire deaths take place. Fireworks are another notable cause of fire burns, especially among adolescent males on holidays such as Independence Day in the US. The most common cause of injury by fire or flame in children is touching candle flame. In some regions, such as the western United States, wildfires are responsible for an increase in burn injuries. Wildfires can suddenly shift due to changing wind directions, making it harder for firefighters and eyewitnesses to avoid getting burned.

If clothing catches fire, third-degree burn can develop in a matter of just a few seconds.

### Hot objects

Solid objects that are hot can also cause contact burns, especially in children, who may intentionally touch things they don't know are too hot to touch. Such burns imprinted on the skin usually form a pattern that resembles the object. Sources of burns from solid objects include ashes and coal, irons, soldering equipment, frying pans and pots, oven containers, light bulbs, and exhaust pipes.

## Pathophysiology

There are three (or sometimes four) degrees of burns, in ascending order of severity and depth. For more information, see Signs and symptoms. According to Jackson's thermal wound theory, there are three zones of major burn injury.

* **Zone of coagulation** is the area that sustained maximum damage from the heat source. Proteins become denaturated, and cell death is imminent due to destruction of blood vessels, resulting in ischemia to the area. Injury at this area is irreversible (coagulative necrosis & gangrene)
* **Zone of stasis** surrounds the coagulation area, where tissue is potentially salvageable. This is the main area of focus when treating burn injuries.
* **Zone of hyperemia** is the area surrounding the zone of stasis. Perfusion is adequate due to patent blood vessels, and erythema occurs due to increased vascular permeability.

## Prevention

It is important to teach children how to avoid fire and scalding. Firefighters and community leaders often lead such programs in schools and clinics.

Smoke alarms installed in homes can reduce deaths resulting from fire by half. Homeowners should change batteries at least once a year and replace smoke alarms every decade. Before fire occurs, a family should practice evacuating the home, and when fire occurs the family must leave the residence immediately (within two minutes). Sources of flame, like matches, should be kept out of children's reach. Stoves, ovens, space-heaters, and candles must not be left unattended, and flammable objects must be kept at least 30 cm away from open flames. Fire extinguishers should be stored in the kitchen, where most house fires start.

To prevent children from getting burned, water temperature must not be set too high when taking baths or washing hands, nonflammable sleepwear should be worn, back burners should be used when cooking something on the stove, and hot foods, drinks, and irons should be kept away from the edge of counter and table. Oven mitts and potholders must be used in handling hot containers. Care should be taken when taking hot foods out of microwave ovens, and covers should be opened gently to reduce the risk of steam burns.

## Treatment

The most important first action is to stop the burning process. The source of the burn should promptly be removed (or the patient removed from the source). If the person is on fire, they must be told to stop, drop and roll, or extinguish the fire by covering them with heavy blanket, wool, coat, or rug. Burning clothing should be removed as should all jewelry that could act as a tourniquet as swelling occurs, but burned clothing stuck to the skin must not be removed. Cooling the burn with cold running water has been shown to be beneficial if accomplished within 30 minutes of the injury. The pain or inflammation can then be effectively treated using acetaminophen (paracetamol), or ibuprofen. Ice, butter, cream and ointment cannot be used since they can worsen the burn.

Severe burn patients are often treated through trauma resuscitation, airway management, fluid resuscitation, blood transfusion, wound management, and skin grafting, as well as the use of antibiotics.

## Outcome

95% of people hospitalized for thermal burns survive. Survival rates have increased steadily over the last half century due to advances in treatment and better burn centers. Patients with uncomplicated burns have a 99.7% survival rate. Three risk factors—patient age above 60, burns covering more than 40% of the body, and inhalation injury—greatly reduce the odds of survival, which decline to 97% with any one of these complications, to 67% with any two, and to only 10% in cases with all three.

## Epidemiology

In the United States, over two million people required medical attention for thermal burns every year. About 1 in 30 of those victims (75,000) are hospitalized for thermal burns every year, with a third of those patients staying in the hospital for more than two months. About 14,000 Americans die each year from burns.

### Children

Thermal burns are one of the most common early childhood injuries. In the United States, burns are the third most common cause of accidental death among children. Nearly 96,000 children around the world died as a result of thermal burns in 2004, and 61,400 died in 2008 from thermal injuries. Deaths from burns dropped by 55% from 1999 to 2011. Burns are the only mode of unintentional injury which more girls suffer from than boys worldwide, including by fire.


title: Portulacaria pygmaea

abstract: Portulacaria pygmaea, also known as the pygmy porkbush, is a small-leaved dwarf succulent plant found on the border between Namibia and the Cape Provinces of South Africa.

text:
# Portulacaria pygmaea

***Portulacaria pygmaea*** (previously *Ceraria pygmaea*), also known as the **pygmy porkbush**, is a small-leaved dwarf succulent plant found on the border between Namibia and the Cape Provinces of South Africa.

## Description

It is a small, compact, soft-wooded, dwarf shrub with Unisexual flowers (dioecious). Its blue-green leaves are semi-evergreen. Its tiny compact branches spread, and often droop, staying close to the ground. It also develops a thick caudex or root-stock, which has led to it being a popular bonsai specimen.

Within the genus *Portulacaria* it is most closely related to its larger sister-species *Portulacaria fruticulosa*.

## InfoBox

| *Portulacaria pygmaea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Didiereaceae |
| Genus: | *Portulacaria* |
| Species: | ***P. pygmaea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Portulacaria pygmaea***<br>Pillans | |
|


title: Portulacaria armiana

abstract: Portulacaria armiana, also known as the whipstick-porkbush, is a succulent plant native to southwestern Namibia.

text:
# Portulacaria armiana

***Portulacaria armiana*** (previously *Ceraria armiana*), also known as the **whipstick-porkbush**, is a succulent plant native to southwestern Namibia.

## Description

It grows as a low shrub. It can be distinguished from its relatives by its large, grey-green waxy leaves, and its extremely tall inflorescence ("whipstick"), which rises unusually high (up to 8 metres (26 ft)).

Within the genus *Portulacaria*, it is most closely related to its sister-species *Portulacaria namaquensis*.

## Distribution

Its natural habitat is the lower reaches of the Orange River valley of Namibia, near the border with South Africa. In this extremely arid, winter-rainfall area, it favours mildly acidic sands on high granite outcrops.

It grows in full sun in extremely well-drained soil, and can be propagated by seed or cuttings.

## InfoBox

| *Portulacaria armiana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Didiereaceae |
| Genus: | *Portulacaria* |
| Species: | ***P. armiana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Portulacaria armiana***<br>van Jaarsv. | |
|


title: Portulacaria fruticulosa

abstract: Portulacaria fruticulosa is a succulent plant found in southwestern Namibia and the northwestern Cape Provinces of South Africa.

text:
# Portulacaria fruticulosa

***Portulacaria fruticulosa*** (previously *Ceraria fruticulosa* or *Ceraria schaeferi*) is a succulent plant found in southwestern Namibia and the northwestern Cape Provinces of South Africa.

## Description

It is a soft-wooded deciduous shrub with flat, round succulent leaves. It bears unisexual flowers on sessile inflorescences.

Within the genus *Portulacaria*, it is most closely related to its tiny sister-species, *Portulacaria pygmaea*.

## InfoBox

| *Portulacaria fruticulosa* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Didiereaceae |
| Genus: | *Portulacaria* |
| Species: | ***P. fruticulosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Portulacaria fruticulosa***<br>Pearson & Stephens | |
|


title: Porphyrocrates

abstract: Porphyrocrates is a genus of moths of the family Yponomeutidae.

text:
# Porphyrocrates

***Porphyrocrates*** is a genus of moths of the family Yponomeutidae.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Porphyrocrates* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Yponomeutidae |
| Genus: | ***Porphyrocrates*** |
|
| Species | |
| See text | |


title: Porto Trombetas Airport

abstract: Porto Trombetas Airport is the airport serving the district of Porto Trombetas in Oriximiná, Brazil. It is operated by the mining company Mineração Rio do Norte S/A.

text:
# Porto Trombetas Airport

**Porto Trombetas Airport** (IATA: **TMT**, ICAO: **SBTB**) is the airport serving the district of Porto Trombetas in Oriximiná, Brazil.

It is operated by the mining company Mineração Rio do Norte S/A.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| --- | --- |
| Azul Brazilian Airlines | Manaus, Santarém |
| Azul Conecta | Juruti, Monte Alegre, Óbidos, Oriximiná, Santarém |

## Access

The airport is located 4 km (2 mi) from downtown Porto Trombetas and 70 km (43 mi) from downtown Oriximiná.

## InfoBox

| Porto Trombetas Airport<br>*Aeroporto de Porto Trombetas* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Owner/Operator | Mineração Rio do Norte |
| Serves | Porto Trombetas (Oriximiná) |
| Time zone | BRT (UTC−03:00) |
| Elevation AMSL | 51 m / 168 ft |
| Coordinates | 01°29′23″S 056°23′49″W / 1.48972°S 56.39694°W / -1.48972; -56.39694 |
| Map | |
| TMTLocation in BrazilTMTTMT (Brazil) | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  m ft  09/27 1,600 5,249 Asphalt | |
| Sources: ANAC, DECEA | |


title: Porto Velho Air Force Base

abstract: Porto Velho Air Force Base – ALA6 is a base of the Brazilian Air Force, located in Porto Velho, Brazil. It shares some facilities with Gov. Jorge Teixeira de Oliveira International Airport.

text:
# Porto Velho Air Force Base

**Porto Velho Air Force Base – ALA6** (IATA: **PVH**, ICAO: **SBPV**) is a base of the Brazilian Air Force, located in Porto Velho, Brazil.

It shares some facilities with Gov. Jorge Teixeira de Oliveira International Airport.

## History

Porto Velho Air Force Base was commissioned on 31 October 1984.

## Units

The following units are based at Porto Velho Air Force Base:

* 2nd Squadron of the 3rd Aviation Group (2º/3ºGAv) *Grifo*, using the A-29A & B Super Tucano.
* 2nd Squadron of the 8th Aviation Group (2°/8°GAv) *Poti*, using the Mil AH-2 Sabre. In August 2022 it was announced that all 12 aircraft will be decommissioned and stored.
* 5th Squadron of the 1st Communications and Control Group (5º/1ºGCC) *Zagal*, using radars and equipment for air defense.

## Access

The base is located 7 km from downtown Porto Velho.

This gallery displays aircraft that are or have been based at Porto Velho. The gallery is not comprehensive.

### Present aircraft

### Retired aircraft

## InfoBox

| Porto Velho Air Force Base | |
| --- | --- |
| **Base Aérea de Porto Velho** | |
| Porto Velho, Rondônia in Brazil | |
| A line of AH-2 Sabre at Porto Velho in 2015. | |
| SBPVLocation in BrazilSBPVSBPV (Brazil) | |
| Coordinates | 08°42′49″S 063°54′10″W / 8.71361°S 63.90278°W / -8.71361; -63.90278 |
| Type | Air Force Base |
| Code | ALA6 |
| Site information | |
| Owner | Brazilian Air Force |
| Controlled by | Brazilian Air Force |
| Open to
the public | No |
| Website | www.fab.mil.br/organizacoes/mostra/509 |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1969 (1969) |
| In use | 1984-present (1984-present) |
| Garrison information | |
| Current
commander | Ten. Cel. Av. Jason Sakai |
| Occupants | * 2nd Squadron of the 3rd Aviation Group * 2nd Squadron of the 8th Aviation Group * 5th Squadron of the 1st Communications and Control Group |
| Airfield information | |
| Identifiers | IATA: PVH, ICAO: SBPV, LID: RO0001 |
| Elevation | 90 metres (295 ft) AMSL |
| Runways  Direction Length and surface  01/19 2,400 metres (7,874 ft) Asphalt | |
| Source: DECEA | |


title: Potentilla micheneri

abstract: Potentilla micheneri is a species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is known by the common names Santa Rosa oceanspray, Santa Rosa horkelia and thin-lobed horkelia and is endemic to California, where it is known only from the coastal hills and mountains north of the San Francisco Bay Area. It is a plant of chaparral habitat.

text:
# Potentilla micheneri

***Potentilla micheneri*** is a species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is known by the common names **Santa Rosa oceanspray**, **Santa Rosa horkelia** and **thin-lobed horkelia** and is endemic to California, where it is known only from the coastal hills and mountains north of the San Francisco Bay Area. It is a plant of chaparral habitat.

## Description

*Potentilla micheneri* is a perennial herb producing a low mat of hairy, glandular green foliage around a woody base. The leaves are cylindrical or somewhat flat, often tapering to a point, and each is made up of several densely packed pairs of hairy leaflets. The inflorescence is an array of flowers atop an erect stalk, each flower made up of five pointed green sepals and five white petals. At the center of the flower is a cone of stamens tipped with reddish anthers around many pistils. It flowers in May. It is threatened by trampling, trail maintenance, and development.

## InfoBox

| *Potentilla micheneri* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Imperiled  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Genus: | *Potentilla* |
| Species: | ***P. micheneri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Potentilla micheneri***
Greene | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| List * *Horkelia micheneri* (Greene) Rydb. * *Horkelia fusca* var. *tenuiloba* Torr. * *Horkelia tenuiloba* (Torr.) A.Gray * *Potentilla stenoloba* Greene * *Potentilla tenuiloba* (Torr.) Greene * *Potentilla tenuiloba* var. *micheneri* Jeps. | |


title: Pork. The Other White Meat

abstract: "Pork. The Other White Meat." was an advertising slogan developed by advertising agency Bozell, Jacobs, Kenyon & Eckhardt in 1987 for the National Pork Board. The campaign was paid for using a checkoff fee (tax) collected from the initial sale of all pigs and pork products, including imports. Medical researchers and the United States Department of Agriculture classify pork as red meat.

text:
# Pork. The Other White Meat

**"Pork. The Other White Meat."** was an advertising slogan developed by advertising agency Bozell, Jacobs, Kenyon & Eckhardt in 1987 for the National Pork Board. The campaign was paid for using a checkoff fee (tax) collected from the initial sale of all pigs and pork products, including imports. Medical researchers and the United States Department of Agriculture classify pork as red meat.

## Advertisements

The program's television ad campaign began on March 2, 1987, with a series of advertisements that pitched pork as a white meat alternative to chicken or turkey, offering entrees such as cordon bleu, kabobs and pork à l'orange. The $7 million budget contrasted to the $30 million spent primarily on network television ads for the "Beef. It's What's for Dinner" campaign from the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, and the $112 million spent on ads for branded chickens.

Print ads have encouraged consumers to rethink the way they prepare meals, including an ad written in the style of an obituary that depicts a woman who is mourning "the passing of her long-lived tuna chow mein casserole recipe", which will be replaced "by a new recipe for Orange Glazed Pork Tenderloin".

During Super Bowl XXIX, Pork unveiled the "Taste What's Next" campaign, set around restaurants serving pork by people including Emeril Lagasse.

In the fall of 1998, Pork promoted "The Other White Sale".

The last campaign using the slogan, which was first used in 2005, was "The Other White Meat. Don't be blah."

## Results

With a program promoting pork using the slogan as a lean meat to health-conscious consumers, pork sales in the United States rose 20%, reaching $30 billion annually by 1991.

Data collected by the USDA's Economic Research Service showed that pork consumption following the introduction of the Board's promotion programs had risen from 45.6 pounds (20.7 kg) per capita in 1987 to a peak of 49.3 pounds (22.4 kg) per capita in 1999, dropping to 48.5 pounds (22.0 kg) in 2003. By contrast, beef consumption had declined from 69.5 pounds (31.5 kg) per American in 1987 to 62 pounds (28 kg) in 2003.

## Replacement

On March 4, 2011, the National Pork Board replaced the slogan with a new one: "Pork. Be inspired."


title: Pork Chop Gang

abstract: The Pork Chop Gang was a group of 20 Democratic Party legislators from rural areas of North Florida who worked together to dominate the Florida legislature, especially to maintain segregation and conserve the disproportionate political power of mostly rural northern Florida. The origins of the name are obscure, referring either to a purported divide in the state's cuisine or to the legislative pork that the members of the Gang were allegedly awarding themselves. They were active primarily from the 1930s to the 1960s, although the final "nail in their coffin" was in 1977. The spokesperson was Senator Charley Johns. They "had become unusually powerful in the 1950s because the legislative districts of the state had not been redrawn to account for the massive growth of urban areas in earlier years." The key figure in the group, coordinating their activities, although not a legislator, was industrialist Ed Ball. Their favorite haunt was the fish camp of legislator Raeburn C. Horne, at Nutall Rise, in Taylor County on the Aucilla River. The group targeted communists and homosexuals.

text:
# Pork Chop Gang

The **Pork Chop Gang** was a group of 20 Democratic Party legislators from rural areas of North Florida who worked together to dominate the Florida legislature, especially to maintain segregation and conserve the disproportionate political power of mostly rural northern Florida. The origins of the name are obscure, referring either to a purported divide in the state's cuisine (pork supposedly being preferred in the north and lamb being preferred in the south) or to the legislative pork that the members of the Gang were allegedly awarding themselves. They were active primarily from the 1930s to the 1960s, although the final "nail in their coffin" was in 1977. The spokesperson was Senator Charley Johns. They "had become unusually powerful in the 1950s because the legislative districts of the state had not been redrawn to account for the massive growth of urban areas in earlier years." The key figure in the group, coordinating their activities, although not a legislator, was industrialist Ed Ball. Their favorite haunt was the fish camp of legislator Raeburn C. Horne, at Nutall Rise, in Taylor County on the Aucilla River. The group targeted communists and homosexuals.

## Membership

The following legislators were members of the Pork Chop Gang in 1956, according to the captions on a photo of them in the state archives of Florida:

| **Members of the Pork Chop Gang in 1956** |
| --- |
| Legislator | Hometown |
| James E. "Nick" Connor | Brooksville |
| L. K. Edwards Jr. | Irvine |
| Irlo Bronson, Sr. | Kissimmee |
| W. E. Bishop | Lake City |
| H. B. Douglas | Bonifay |
| William A. Shands | Gainesville |
| W. Randolph Hodges | Cedar Key |
| Charley Eugene Johns | Starke |
| John S. Rawls | Marianna |
| Philip D. Beall Jr. | Pensacola |
| Harry O. Stratton | Callahan |
| F. Wilson Carraway | Tallahassee |
| W. Turner Davis | Madison |
| Scott Dilworth Clarke | Monticello |
| Dewey M. Johnson | Quincy |
| J. Edwin Baker | Umatilla |
| Edwin G. Fraser | Macclenny |
| Basil Charles "Bill" Pearce | East Palatka |
| Woodrow M. Melvin | Milton |
| J. Graham Black | Jasper |
| J. C. Getzen Jr. | Bushnell |
|

Their public spokesman was Florida Senate President Charley Eugene Johns from Starke. The coalition supported racial segregation (which was practiced at Ball's St. Joe Paper Company, as it was at most companies in Florida at the time).

## Activities

For nine years, the Pork Chop Gang, having failed in its investigation of alleged communism in the NAACP, devoted its efforts to identifying homosexuals in Florida universities and schools. "By 1963, more than 39 college professors and deans had been dismissed from their positions at the three state universities, and 71 teaching certificates were revoked." See Homosexuality and Citizenship in Florida, a report prepared by the Florida Legislative Investigation Committee, popularly called the Johns Committee, since it was Johns' legislative project (to get the committee set up) and he was its chair.

Their downfall was the Constitution of 1968, which ended decades of misapportionment that favored rural north Florida over more populated central and south Florida, and eliminated mandatory school segregation. However, it took a new state constitution to get them out.

Professor Judith Poucher called the Johns Committee "Florida's version of McCarthyism".

## Further reading


title: Power in One

abstract: Power in One is the final studio album by punk rock band Wipers, released in 1999 by Zeno Records. The album was written, produced and recorded at Greg Sage's Zeno Studios in Phoenix, Arizona.

text:
# Power in One

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Lincoln Journal Star* |  |

***Power in One*** is the final studio album by punk rock band Wipers, released in 1999 by Zeno Records. The album was written, produced and recorded at Greg Sage's Zeno Studios in Phoenix, Arizona.

## Critical reception

*Exclaim!* wrote that "led by Sage's sinewy lead guitar riffs, the band plays in a gothic-tinged post-punk style that is timeless." *The Arizona Republic* wrote that "Sage retains his guitar soloing ego on *Power in One* but he's tempering his songwriting with aging post-punk anxiety."

## Track listing

All songs written by Greg Sage.

1. "The Fall" – 3:46
2. "Power in One" – 3:36
3. "Shaken" – 3:41
4. "Misleading" – 3:37
5. "Rocket" – 3:08
6. "I'll Be Around" – 2:18
7. "Still Inside of Me" – 3:33
8. "Ship of Dreams" – 3:20
9. "Rest of My Life" – 3:42
10. "Loser's Revenge" – 2:54
11. "Take It Now" – 2:52
12. "Stay Around" – 4:22
13. "What's Wrong?" – 3:54
14. "Too Many Strangers" – 1:41

## Personnel

* Greg Sage – vocals, guitar, bass; producer.
* Steve Plouf – drums

## InfoBox

| Power in One | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Wipers | |
| Released | October 22, 1999 |
| Recorded | Zeno Studios, Phoenix, Arizona |
| Genre | Punk rock |
| Length | 46:33 |
| Label | Zeno Records |
| Producer | Greg Sage |
| Wipers chronology | |
| *The Herd*
(1996) ***Power in One***
(1999) | |


title: Ed Powers

abstract: Mark Arnold Krinsky, better known as Ed Powers, is an American pornographic film director, producer, actor, and radio host. He is the owner of the porn production company Ed Powers Productions.

text:
# Ed Powers

**Mark Arnold Krinsky** (born October 25, 1954), better known as **Ed Powers**, is an American pornographic film director, producer, actor, and radio host. He is the owner of the porn production company Ed Powers Productions.

## Early life

Powers was born Mark Arnold Krinsky in the Brooklyn borough of New York City on October 25, 1954.

## Career

Powers is best known for his *Dirty Debutantes* porn series, which features amateur female performers (some making their porn debut) masturbating and having sex with both male and female performers, as well as his prurient fascination with female masturbation and anal sex. The series has introduced many new porn actresses and helped those already in the business. Jamie Gillis was initially a co-producer on the series. Mimi Miyagi also made her debut with Powers. Aurora Snow's first film was *More Dirty Debutantes 152*.

Powers twice filmed scenes with former *Family Matters* child star Jaimee Foxworth. In 2001, Sunrise Adams made her debut in *More Dirty Debutantes 186*, though she later referred to the experience of making the film as "nothing \[she\] want\[s\] to remember". Katie Morgan's first scene was in *Dirty Debutantes 197*. Lisa Sparxxx, who would later go onto the break the world record for having sex with the most men in one day, made her film debut in *Dirtier Debutants #4* in 2003. Audrey Hollander's first scene was in *More Dirty Debutantes 268*. In 2005, HIV positive adult actress Brooke Ashley returned to the adult industry in *Dirty Debutantes 328*. She was filmed having sex with her boyfriend Eddie Wood, who is also HIV positive.

Powers hosted a late-night weekend radio talk show on 97.1 KLSX in Los Angeles, known as *Bedtime Stories*, in which various guests connected with sex in some way; the show hosted swingers, prostitutes, and porn stars, who would talk with Powers about sex and take listener calls. His co-host was a young Latina woman named Elizabeth who had performed in a number of his films under the pseudonym Bonita. Guests included Bridget Powers. The radio show was rated number one in its time slot.

Powers made a one-time appearance in the professional wrestling promotion Pro Wrestling Guerrilla to support wrestlers Top Gun Talwar and Hook Bomberry. In 2008, he released a book about the adult film industry called *Naked*, and produced a documentary of the same name. The film featured adult performers such as Buck Angel. In 2009, he appeared in the film *Crank: High Voltage*.

## Personal life

Powers was severely hit by the global financial crisis in 2008, and his home in the Granada Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles was foreclosed by Wells Fargo.

## Awards

## InfoBox

| Ed Powers | |
| --- | --- |
| Powers in September 2006 | |
| Born | Mark Arnold Krinsky
(1954-10-25) October 25, 1954
New York City, U.S. |
| Other names | Mark Arnold
Pugsley Wurshlurski |
| Website | edpowers.com |


title: Ed Price (Louisiana politician)

abstract: Edward J. Price is an American politician. He served as a Democratic member for the 58th district of the Louisiana House of Representatives, and is currently a member for the 2nd district of the Louisiana State Senate. Price attended Grambling State University, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1975. In 2012, he was elected for the 58th district of the Louisiana House of Representatives, succeeding Elton M. Aubert. In 2017, he was succeeded by Ken Brass and elected to the Louisiana State Senate, succeeding Troy E. Brown for the 2nd district. He assumed his office on June 16, 2017.

text:
# Ed Price (Louisiana politician)

**Edward J. Price** is an American politician. He served as a Democratic member for the 58th district of the Louisiana House of Representatives, and is currently a member for the 2nd district of the Louisiana State Senate.

Price attended Grambling State University, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1975. In 2012, he was elected for the 58th district of the Louisiana House of Representatives, succeeding Elton M. Aubert. In 2017, he was succeeded by Ken Brass and elected to the Louisiana State Senate, succeeding Troy E. Brown for the 2nd district. He assumed his office on June 16, 2017.

## InfoBox

| Ed Price | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Louisiana State Senate from the 2nd district | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
June 16, 2017 | |
| Preceded by | Troy E. Brown |
| Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from the 58th district | |
| **In office**
January 2012  May 2017 | |
| Preceded by | Elton M. Aubert |
| Succeeded by | Ken Brass |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Edward Joseph Price |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Alma mater | Grambling State University |
|  | |


title: Porky's Preview

abstract: Porky's Preview is a Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Tex Avery. The short was released on April 19, 1941, and stars Porky Pig.

text:
# Porky's Preview

***Porky's Preview*** is a Warner Bros. *Looney Tunes* cartoon directed by Tex Avery. The short was released on April 19, 1941, and stars Porky Pig.

## Plot

Porky Pig has arranged the screening of a film in a film theater for an audience of barnyard animals. The public goes to the ticket booth. A chicken buys tickets for herself and her three "children" (eggs). A kangaroo tears the tickets (and even the hand that holds it) and throws them in his pouch. A firefly usher leads the audience with his hindquarters as a bright lamp. A skunk has a "scent" (pun on smelling it, and 1 cent of a dollar) and cannot enter, so he goes through the back door.

On stage Porky presents the film he made himself. The accompanying music is a version of the flickering that usually introduced cartoons of Looney Tunes. The film turns out to be a series of small sketches of primitive characters drawn with stick figures, minimalist, with settings that seem to have been penciled by a child. After the film, Porky is surprised to see the theatre in shambles. The only audience remaining is the skunk (whose presence drove away everyone else). The skunk enthusiastically applauds Porky's film.

## Analysis

The basic premise of the film is that a 7-year-old Porky has created a "homemade" animated cartoon, and demonstrates it to an audience willing to pay an admission fee. The artistic skills of the child are minimal, so the film within a film is depicted in a very simple style. Effectively serving as a parody of its art form. All fictional characters within it are drawn as stick figures, while the animation style is reminiscent of a flip book.

For this film within a film, Tex Avery uses a series of blackout gags. Carl Stalling accompanies each joke with a tune already familiar to the audience. Among them are *La Cucaracha* (first mentioned c. 1819), "Aloha ʻOe" (1878), "The Old Gray Mare" (written between 1875 and 1895), "Frat" (1910, a frequent Warner cartoon staple) and "September in the Rain" (from a 1937 Warner film and sung by an Al Jolson imitator). Stalling also parodies the typical music score of shorts produced by Warner Bros. Cartoons. The credits of the film within a film make use of *The Merry-Go-Round Broke Down* (1937), but the familiar tune is simplified, giving the impression that it is played by an amateur. A number of notes are repeated, in the style of a broken record which repeats over and over.

The film includes some references to war. When a skunk approaches the box office, the lady working there wears a gas mask to endure its scent. The self-portrait of Porky is marked as draft No. 6+78.

## Reception

*The Film Daily* called the short a "fair cartoon", saying, "Some of the characterizations are amusing... Rate it as just fair."

## Television edits

The "September In The Rain" clip has been removed from Nickelodeon, Cartoon Network, and a few VHS prints in the United States due to its racist content.

## InfoBox

| Porky's Preview | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Fred Avery |
| Written by | Dave Monahan |
| Produced by | Leon Schlesinger |
| Starring | Mel Blanc
Sara Berner |
| Edited by | Treg Brown |
| Music by | Carl W. Stalling |
| Animation by | Virgil Ross
Rod Scribner
Robert McKimson
Sid Sutherland
Charles McKimson |
| Backgrounds by | John Didrik Johnsen |
| Color process | Black and White
(Digitally colorized in the 1990s) |
| Production
company | Leon Schlesinger Productions |
| Distributed by | Warner Bros. |
| Release date | * April 19, 1941 (1941-04-19) |
| Running time | 6:48 |