title: Eva Kreisky

abstract: Hannelore Eva Kreisky was an Austrian political scientist and jurist.

text:
# Eva Kreisky

**Hannelore Eva Kreisky** (née **Zgraja**; 8 September 1944 – 14 August 2024) was an Austrian political scientist and jurist.

## Biography

Born on 8 September 1944, Kreisky earned a doctorate in law at the University of Vienna in 1971, and studied political science at the Institut für Höhere Studien in Vienna, where she worked from 1972. She became head of department for the Department of Political Science in 1979, and earned her Habilitation in 1986–87. From 1989 to 1993, she was Professor of political science, in particular women's studies, at the Free University of Berlin. She was Visiting Professor of Gender Studies at the University of Vienna from 1993, and became Professor there in 1995. She became a member of the council of the University of Innsbruck in 2007.

Kreisky is known for her research on state theory, theory of bureaucracy, feminism, political theory, and the history of ideas.

Eva Kreisky was married to the late political scientist Peter Kreisky, and the daughter-in-law of Chancellor Bruno Kreisky. She died on 14 August 2024, at the age of 79.

## Awards

## Publications

* *Feministische Standpunkte in der Politikwissenschaft : eine Einführung*, 1995
* *Vom patriarchalen Staatssozialismus zur patriarchalen Demokratie*, 1996
* *Das geheime Glossar der Politikwissenschaft : geschlechtskritische Inspektion der Kategorien einer Disziplin*, 1997
* *Geschlechterverhältnisse im Kontext politischer Transformation*, 1998
* *Geschlecht und Eigensinn : feministische Recherchen in der Politikwissenschaft*, 1998
* *Arena der Männlichkeit : über das Verhältnis von Fussball und Geschlecht*, 2006
* *Theoriearbeit in der Politikwissenschaft*, 2011
* *Dauerkämpfe Feministische Zeitdiagnosen und Strategien*, 2017
* *Jüdische Identitäten und antisemitische Politiken im österreichischen Parlament 1861-1933*, 2017

1. Eva Kreisky Archived 15 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine, University of Vienna
2. Eva Kreisky in *Austria-Forum* (in German) (at AEIOU)
3. In memoriam emer. o. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Hannelore Eva Kreisky (in German)


title: Poe (disambiguation)

abstract: Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849) was an American writer. Poe or POE may also refer to:

text:
# Poe (disambiguation)

**Edgar Allan Poe** (1809–1849) was an American writer.

**Poe** or **POE** may also refer to:

## Places

## Science and technology

### Computing

* Perl Object Environment, a library for event-driven multitasking for the Perl programming language
* Power over Ethernet (PoE), combining data and power supply via Ethernet cabling
* PowerOpen Environment, an open standard for running a Unix-based operating system on the PowerPC computer architecture
* Product of experts (PoE), a machine learning technique
* Poe (software) (Platform for Open Exploration), a service developed by Quora that allows users to ask questions and obtain answers from a range of AI bots

## Games

## People and characters

* Poe Ballantine (born 1955), American author
* Poe (singer) (born 1968), American singer/songwriter
* Poe (surname), a surname (and list of people with the name)
* Poe (mascot), a mascot of the Baltimore Ravens National Football League team
* Poe, a character in the series *Ruby Gloom*
* Poe, an AI character in the series *Altered Carbon*
* Poe, an uglydoll
* Poe, a ghost-like enemy in *The Legend of Zelda* series
* Poe Dameron, a Resistance pilot in the *Star Wars* sequel trilogy
* Poe De Spell, brother of Magica De Spell in *Ducktales*
* Poe, A violetish indigo crow from Poppy Playtime as one of the Nightmare Critters.

## Other uses

* Post-occupancy evaluation, of a building or space
* Port of entry, a place where one may lawfully enter a country
* Poe's law, which states that a sufficiently sophisticated parody of extremism is indistinguishable from the real thing
* Place of Employment, the address a repossessor, skip tracer, or process server will use to find a debtor or the debtor's collateral
* Poe Lock, one of the Soo Locks allowing access between Lake Superior and the lower Great Lakes, North America
* Jiaobei, wooden divination tools originating from China


title: Thaïs Henríquez

abstract: Thaïs Henríquez Torres is a Spanish synchronized swimmer. She competed for Spain in the team event at the 2008 Summer Olympics, winning silver, and the 2012 Summer Olympics, winning bronze.

text:
# Thaïs Henríquez

**Thaïs Henríquez Torres** (born 29 October 1982) is a Spanish synchronized swimmer. She competed for Spain in the team event at the 2008 Summer Olympics, winning silver, and the 2012 Summer Olympics, winning bronze.

## InfoBox

Thaïs Henríquez
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Thaïs Henríquez Torres |
| National team | Spain |
| Born | (1982-10-29) October 29, 1982<br>Las Palmas, Gran Canaria |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (185 cm) |
| Weight | 150 lb (68 kg) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Synchronised swimming |
| Medal record      Representing  Spain  Olympic Games  2008 Beijing  Team  2012 London  Team  World Championships  2009 Rome  Free combination  2007 Melbourne  Team free  2009 Rome  Team technical  2009 Rome  Team free  2013 Barcelona  Team technical  2013 Barcelona  Team free  2013 Barcelona  Routine combination  2005 Montreal  Team  2005 Montreal  Free combination  2011 Shanghai  Team technical  2011 Shanghai  Team free  European Championships  2012 Debrecen  Team  2012 Debrecen  Combination  2010 Budapest  Team  2010 Budapest  Combination  2014 Berlin  Combination routine | |


title: Canal Warehouse (Chillicothe, Ohio)

abstract: The Canal Warehouse is a historic warehouse at the intersection of Main and Mulberry Streets in downtown Chillicothe, Ohio, United States. Built in 1830, along the Ohio and Erie Canal, this three-story brick building is an ornate gabled structure with large dormers set into both sides of the main roof. These dormers served a purpose far different from decoration: their windows connect with first-floor doors to enable longshoremen easily to move goods into or out of the third floor. On the ground level, individuals can enter the warehouse through either of two recessed doorways; three stone steps climb from the sidewalk to each doorway. After it ceased to operate as a canalside warehouse, the building was converted into a clubhouse for the local post of the Veterans of Foreign Wars. Today, the warehouse has been recognized as a leading example of canal-related architecture; few warehouses built for the Ohio and Erie Canal survive in comparable condition. In recognition of its place in local transportation history, the Canal Warehouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. Additionally, it lies within the boundaries of the Chillicothe Business District, a historic district that was added to the National Register in 1979.

text:
# Canal Warehouse (Chillicothe, Ohio)

The **Canal Warehouse** is a historic warehouse at the intersection of Main and Mulberry Streets in downtown Chillicothe, Ohio, United States. Built in 1830, along the Ohio and Erie Canal, this three-story brick building is an ornate gabled structure with large dormers set into both sides of the main roof. These dormers served a purpose far different from decoration: their windows connect with first-floor doors to enable longshoremen easily to move goods into or out of the third floor. On the ground level, individuals can enter the warehouse through either of two recessed doorways; three stone steps climb from the sidewalk to each doorway.

After it ceased to operate as a canalside warehouse, the building was converted into a clubhouse for the local post of the Veterans of Foreign Wars. Today, the warehouse has been recognized as a leading example of canal-related architecture; few warehouses built for the Ohio and Erie Canal survive in comparable condition. In recognition of its place in local transportation history, the Canal Warehouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. Additionally, it lies within the boundaries of the Chillicothe Business District, a historic district that was added to the National Register in 1979.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Canal Warehouse | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district<br>Contributing property | |
|  | |
| Front and side of the warehouse. Notice the large dormer on the side. | |
|  | |
| Location | Main and Mulberry Sts., Chillicothe, Ohio |
| Coordinates | 39°20′3″N 82°58′44″W / 39.33417°N 82.97889°W / 39.33417; -82.97889 |
| Area | 0 acres (0 ha) |
| Built | 1830 |
| Part of | Chillicothe Business District (ID79001931) |
| NRHP reference No. | 73001522 |
| Added to NRHP | April 24, 1973 |


title: Farmville and Powhatan Railroad

abstract: In 1886, Randolph Harrison, of the Virginia department of Agriculture, cited Cumberland Mining Company, stating that businessmen would soon open a hotel at Lithia Springs, Farmville, VA for people seeking the healing waters. The Brighthope railway would be extended to bring them there. But instead, the Farmville and Powhatan Railroad Company built the narrow gauge rails through Cumberland County and the Farmville and Powhatan Railroad Company bought the Brighthope Railway, so the Farmville and Powhatan Railroad made the connection. In 1890, Beach Station was built with a railroad depot, some railroad shanties, a general store and an owner's house, the George Perdue House as a stop on the line.

text:
# Farmville and Powhatan Railroad

| Beach Station | |
| --- | --- |
| The Village of Beach Station was built around 1890 was a stop on the Farmville and Powhatan and was opened on the year that the Farmville and Powhatan bought the Brighthope Railway. | |
| General information | |
| Location | 10410 Beach Road, Chesterfield, VA<br>U.S.A. |
| Owned by | George Perdue |
| Line(s) | Main |
| Distance | 70 miles from Farmville, Va. |
| Tracks | 1 |
| Train operators | Farmville and Powhatan Railroad and Tidewater and Western Railroad |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | with a railroad depot, some railroad shanties, a general store and the owner's house. |
| History | |
| Opened | c.1891 (c.1891) |
| Closed | c.1905 (c.1905) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| General Store and Postal mail. Store continued after rails were removed. | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| Designated | February 22, 2008 |
| Reference no. | 08000067 |
|  | |
| Virginia Landmarks Register | |
| Designated | December 5, 2007 |
| Reference no. | 020-5386 |
|  | |
|  | |

In 1886, Randolph Harrison, of the Virginia department of Agriculture, cited Cumberland Mining Company, stating that businessmen would soon open a hotel at Lithia Springs, Farmville, VA for people seeking the healing waters. The Brighthope railway would be extended to bring them there. But instead, the **Farmville and Powhatan Railroad** Company built the narrow gauge rails through Cumberland County and the Farmville and Powhatan Railroad Company bought the Brighthope Railway, so the Farmville and Powhatan Railroad made the connection. In 1890, Beach Station was built with a railroad depot, some railroad shanties, a general store and an owner's house, the George Perdue House as a stop on the line.

## History

The Farmville and Powhatan Railroad, a narrow gauge railroad was formed On March 10, 1884, in five years beginning building tracks from Farmville to Cumberland and Powhatan. The Farmville and Powhatan bought the Brighthope Railway in which was in foreclosure on July 23, 1889. On March 3, 1890, the Farmville and Powhatan Railroad was connected to the Brighthope Railway three miles west of Winterpock, taking the eastward part, all but seven miles, of the Brighthope Railway to Bermuda Hundred. After this line was built from Farmville to the Petersburg Area, the Upper Appomattox Canal Navigation System, which took days to make the same journey, would no longer be used.

Trains mostly hauled coal, lumber and then grain and tobacco and other farm products as well as a little furniture. There was one passenger only train and one train with passengers and cargo which each ran Weekdays and Saturday. The trains had five first class passenger cars. The trains carried U.S. Postal mail on two mail, freight and express mail cars. The company had 7 engines and 210 cars in 1890, but only five engines in 1896. The railroad company employed 169 people including over 50 trackmen, who maintained the tracks; 18 who worked at the station as well as carpenters, machinists and other laborers.

In 1891 the train did not always stop but a railroad car, although not a Railway post office, on the Farmville and Powhatan Railroad, dropped off and picked up mail using the Mail on-the-fly technique at Moseley and Skinquater. This was a hook and pouch system that let the train drop off and pick up mail without slowing down.

Postal Telegraph Company operated the telegraph over the rails and charged customers for telegraphs.

## Stations

The Farmville and Powhatan was a ninety three mile line after the merger. The rails had one bridge over the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad and the Swift Creek Rail Bridge.

## Passenger travel

### An uncomfortable ride

A passenger from Powhatan Courthouse complained of the discontinuation of the early train of the F & P, that connected in Moseley with the Southern Railway, on the old Richmond and Danville Railroad rails. This forced him to take an uncomfortable ride on the F & P to Chester which took longer each morning. The railroad replied that they needed to have trains that were full the entire route, starting no earlier than 5:50 in Farmville for people who had to walk a few miles to reach the train station. His train that had connected to the Southern had started at 4:50 A.M. in Farmville so had very few passengers in the beginning of the run.

### Stop anywhere

Train operators running the passenger train would "Stop Anywhere" to pick up passengers. Red Lane Tavern was a common stop for the passenger train that was not listed on the schedule.

### Fowlkes v. the Southern Railroad Co.

Mrs. Eva C. Fowlkes, on March 9, 1899, purchased a ticket on the Southern Railway from Richmond to Mosley Junction to connect to Skinquarter by way of the Farmville and Powhatan. The railroad ticket master had misinformed her and there was no connection that day. She did not see the small new Farmville and Powhatan ticket office in Mosley Junction and hired wagon to take her to her parents house in Skinquarter, Virginia. As she was pregnant, she had a miscarriage after the wagon ride which resulted in a lawsuit, Folkes v. the Southern Railway Co. in which the railroad was liable for only $150, the court ruled that the railroad attendant could not predict the events that would happen after the misinformation was given.

## Modern pathway

Following the path of the old railroad today travels down Virginia State Route 10 from Bermuda Hundred on the north side of the Appomattox River and then east on Carver Heights Drive, Chester, through a landfill and housing complex, next to Bright Hope Road then along Beach Road to Winterpock, then one spur lead down where South on Coalboro Rd is today. The main line led from Winterpock to Skinquarter up Local route 603 or Beaver Bridge Rd. Past Skinquarter it continued on 603 to 605 and up 605 which becomes Mosley Rd where it crossed the Southern Railway. It continued on 605 to 622 and up 622 to Flat Rock. From Flat Rock it followed near State Rt 60 to Powhatan where it then took Route 13 or Old Buckingham Road all the way to Cumberland, Virginia. From Cumberland it followed what is now Virginia State Route 45 to Farmville. Most of the stops are still towns today, even if only a sign and a few stores.

## Location

The Farmville and Powhatan Railroad shown in southern Central Virginia on a Map by G.W. & C.B. Colton & Co. of the Norfolk, Wilmington, and Charleston Railroad in 1891.

## InfoBox

Farmville and Powhatan Railroad
| Overview | |
| --- | --- |
| Headquarters | Richmond, Virginia |
| Locale | Chesterfield, Virginia |
| Dates of operation | 1884-03-101905-06-07 |
| Successor | Tidewater and Western Railroad |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 3 ft (914 mm) |


title: Chersotis fimbriola

abstract: Chersotis fimbriola is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in number of isolated populations from Austria to Spain, Morocco, Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Turkmenistan.

text:
# Chersotis fimbriola

***Chersotis fimbriola*** is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in number of isolated populations from Austria to Spain, Morocco, Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Turkmenistan.

## Description

Warren (1914) states *R. fimbriola* Esp. (= *maravigna* Dup.) Forewing dark greyish ochreous, often much suffused with fuscous; stigmata of the ground colour, often indistinct, the upper two always separated by a fuscous black blotch forming part of a thick median shade; submarginal line preceded by a blackish shade; the raddei. marginal area fuscous; hindwing fuscous brown. — The ground colour of ab. *raddei* Chr. (13 f) is paler and brighter, the dark suffusion less, and the markings clearer; the underside likewise much paler. — A south European species, found in France, Spain, N. Italy, Switzerland, and Hungary; occurring also in Western Asia, in Armenia, Asia Minor, Syria, Persia and W. Turkestan, these Asiatic examples being usually the form *raddei*. Larva dark brownish grey; dorsal and subdorsal lines paler: between them on each segment two oblique black streaks; similar streaks also between the subdorsal and the conspicuous dark lateral lines; thoracic plate brown with 3 white streaks; head shining brown; on a variety of low-growing plants.

## Subspecies

* *Chersotis fimbriola fimbriola* (Austria, Hungary)
* *Chersotis fimbriola baloghi* (northern Hungary, southern Slovakia)
* *Chersotis fimbriola vallensis* (Wallis (Piemont), Alpes-Maritimes)
* *Chersotis fimbriola hackeri* (south-eastern France)
* *Chersotis fimbriola iberica* (Spain)
* *Chersotis fimbriola iminenia* (the High Atlas in Morocco)
* *Chersotis fimbriola rifensis* (Middle Atlas and Rif in Morocco)
* *Chersotis fimbriola maravignae* (Sicily)
* *Chersotis fimbriola forsteri* (Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Greece)
* *Chersotis fimbriola bohatschi* (Turkey, Armenia)
* *Chersotis fimbriola zernyi* (southern Turkey, Israel, Iraq, south-eastern Iran)
* *Chersotis fimbriola raddei* (northern Iran, eastern Armenia, Turkmenistan)

## Biology

Adults are on wing from June to August. There is one generation per year.

The larvae feed on various herbaceous plants.

## InfoBox

| *Chersotis fimbriola* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 13f | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | *Chersotis* |
| Species: | ***C. fimbriola*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Chersotis fimbriola***<br>(Esper, \[1803\]) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Phalaena (Noctua) fimbriola* Esper, \[1803\] * *Agrotis raddei* Christoph, 1877 * *Noctua maravignae* Duponchel, 1826 * *Agrotis (Rhyacia) amaliae* Fernández, 1931 | |


title: Ricardo Buitrago

abstract: Ricardo Enrique Buitrago Medina is a Panamanian footballer who plays for Plaza Amador as a midfielder.

text:
# Ricardo Buitrago

**Ricardo Enrique Buitrago Medina** (born March 10, 1985, in Panama City) is a Panamanian footballer who plays for Plaza Amador as a midfielder.

## Club career

Buitrago began his career on hometown's club Plaza Amador, but later moved to Colombia, signing a contract with Deportes Quindío. After two years on Quindío, he moved back to Plaza Amador. In February 2012, he moved to Spain, signing a contract with Elche, being assigned for the "B" team. On June, he was promoted to first team squad.

On 12 September 2012, Buitrago made his debut, in a Copa del Rey match against Córdoba CF. However, on 31 January 2013, he was released from Elche, alongside Jaime Jornet.

On 19 April, Buitrago signed a contract with fifth division club CD Almoradí. On 3 July, he returned to his homeland, signing with Plaza Amador. On 28 January of the following year Buitrago moved teams and countries again, signing with Cartaginés. He moved abroad once more, joining Peruvian side Juan Aurich in summer 2015., and then to Deportivo Municipal in 2018.

## International career

Buitrago played at the 2005 World Youth Championship in the Netherlands.

On 8 September 2010, Buitrago made his senior debut with Panama national team, against Trinidad & Tobago. He scored his first goal on 7 October 2011, against Dominica.

In May 2018, he was named in Panama’s preliminary 35 man squad for the 2018 World Cup in Russia. However, he did not make the final 23.

## International goals

*Scores and results list Panama's goal tally first.*

| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 7 October 2011 | Windsor Park, Roseau, Dominica | Dominica | **4**–0 | 5–0 | 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 2 | 15 November 2011 | Estadio Rommel Fernández, Panama City, Panama | Dominica | **2**–0 | 3–0 | 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification |

## Personal life

Nicknamed *el Halconcito*, he is a son of former Panama international striker Ricardo *el Halcón* Buitrago.

## InfoBox

Ricardo Buitrago
|  | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Ricardo Enrique Buitrago Medina | | |
| Date of birth | (1985-03-10) 10 March 1985 | | |
| Place of birth | Panama City, Panama | | |
| Height | 1.79 m (5 ft 10+12 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Plaza Amador | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Plaza Amador | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2004–2008 | Plaza Amador |  |  |
| 2008–2010 | Deportes Quindío | 6 | (0) |
| 2010–2011 | Plaza Amador | 27 | (6) |
| 2012 | Elche Ilicitano |  |  |
| 2012–2013 | Elche | 0 | (0) |
| 2013 | Almoradí | 7 | (0) |
| 2013 | Plaza Amador | 17 | (2) |
| 2014 | Cartaginés |  |  |
| 2014–2015 | Plaza Amador | 31 | (11) |
| 2015–2017 | Juan Aurich | 50 | (5) |
| 2017 | Plaza Amador | 3 | (1) |
| 2017 | Juan Aurich | 31 | (8) |
| 2018–2019 | Deportivo Municipal | 68 | (10) |
| 2020– | Plaza Amador | 2 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2005 | Panama U20 | 1 | (0) |
| 2010– | Panama | 28 | (3) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 22:23, 14 September 2020 (UTC)<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 11 June 2022 | | | |


title: Sim Gideon Power Plant

abstract:
The Sim Gideon Power Plant is a 639 megawatt (MW), natural gas fired power plant located near Bastrop, Texas in Bastrop County, Texas. It is owned and operated by the Lower Colorado River Authority. The Sim Gideon Power Plant consists of three generating units that operate via simple cycle combustion turbine utilizing natural gas. The plant, along with Lost Pines Power Project 1, is part of the Lost Pines Power Park. Three generating units compose the Sim Gideon Power Plant:
  - Unit 1, completed in 1965, with a generating capacity of 140 MW
  - Unit 2, completed in 1968, with a generating capacity of 140 MW
  - Unit 3, completed in 1971, with a generating capacity of 340 MW Cooling water is provided by Lake Bastrop, a 900-acre (360 ha) freshwater reservoir, and four wells that produce groundwater from the Simsboro Aquifer.

text:
# Sim Gideon Power Plant

The **Sim Gideon Power Plant** is a 639 megawatt (MW), natural gas fired power plant located near Bastrop, Texas in Bastrop County, Texas. It is owned and operated by the Lower Colorado River Authority. The Sim Gideon Power Plant consists of three generating units that operate via simple cycle combustion turbine utilizing natural gas. The plant, along with Lost Pines Power Project 1, is part of the Lost Pines Power Park.

Three generating units compose the Sim Gideon Power Plant:

* Unit 1, completed in 1965, with a generating capacity of 140 MW
* Unit 2, completed in 1968, with a generating capacity of 140 MW
* Unit 3, completed in 1971, with a generating capacity of 340 MW

Cooling water is provided by Lake Bastrop, a 900-acre (360 ha) freshwater reservoir, and four wells that produce groundwater from the Simsboro Aquifer.

## InfoBox

| Sim Gideon Power Plant | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Country | United States |
| Location | Bastrop County, Texas, near Bastrop, Texas |
| Coordinates | 30°08′44″N 97°16′13″W / 30.14556°N 97.27028°W / 30.14556; -97.27028 |
| Status | Operational |
| Commission date | Unit 1: 1965
Unit 2: 1968
Unit 3: 1971 |
| Owners | Lower Colorado River Authority |
| Thermal power station | |
| Primary fuel | Natural gas |
| Cooling source | Lake Bastrop |
| Power generation | |
| Nameplate capacity | 620 MW |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Domain (ring theory)

abstract: In algebra, a domain is a nonzero ring in which ab = 0 implies a = 0 or b = 0. Equivalently, a domain is a ring in which 0 is the only left zero divisor. A commutative domain is called an integral domain. Mathematical literature contains multiple variants of the definition of "domain".

text:
# Domain (ring theory)

In algebra, a **domain** is a nonzero ring in which *ab* = 0 implies *a* = 0 or *b* = 0. (Sometimes such a ring is said to "have the zero-product property".) Equivalently, a domain is a ring in which 0 is the only left zero divisor (or equivalently, the only right zero divisor). A commutative domain is called an integral domain. Mathematical literature contains multiple variants of the definition of "domain".

## Examples and non-examples

* The ring $\mathbb {Z} /6\mathbb {Z} $ is not a domain, because the images of 2 and 3 in this ring are nonzero elements with product 0. More generally, for a positive integer $n$, the ring $\mathbb {Z} /n\mathbb {Z} $ is a domain if and only if $n$ is prime.
* A *finite* domain is automatically a finite field, by Wedderburn's little theorem.
* The quaternions form a noncommutative domain. More generally, any division ring is a domain, since every nonzero element is invertible.
* The set of all Lipschitz quaternions, that is, quaternions of the form $a+bi+cj+dk$ where *a*, *b*, *c*, *d* are integers, is a noncommutative subring of the quaternions, hence a noncommutative domain.
* Similarly, the set of all Hurwitz quaternions, that is, quaternions of the form $a+bi+cj+dk$ where *a*, *b*, *c*, *d* are either all integers or all half-integers, is a noncommutative domain.
* A matrix ring M*n*(*R*) for *n* ≥ 2 is never a domain: if *R* is nonzero, such a matrix ring has nonzero zero divisors and even nilpotent elements other than 0. For example, the square of the matrix unit *E*12 is 0.
* The tensor algebra of a vector space, or equivalently, the algebra of polynomials in noncommuting variables over a field, $\mathbb {K} \langle x\_{1},\ldots ,x\_{n}\rangle ,$ is a domain. This may be proved using an ordering on the noncommutative monomials.
* If *R* is a domain and *S* is an Ore extension of *R* then *S* is a domain.
* The Weyl algebra is a noncommutative domain.
* The universal enveloping algebra of any Lie algebra over a field is a domain. The proof uses the standard filtration on the universal enveloping algebra and the Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt theorem.

## Group rings and the zero divisor problem

Suppose that *G* is a group and *K* is a field. Is the group ring *R* = *K*\[*G*\] a domain? The identity

$$(1-g)(1+g+\cdots +g^{n-1})=1-g^{n},$$

shows that an element *g* of finite order *n* \> 1 induces a zero divisor 1 − *g* in *R*. The **zero divisor problem** asks whether this is the only obstruction; in other words,

Given a field *K* and a torsion-free group *G*, is it true that *K*\[*G*\] contains no zero divisors?

No counterexamples are known, but the problem remains open in general (as of 2017).

For many special classes of groups, the answer is affirmative. Farkas and Snider proved in 1976 that if *G* is a torsion-free polycyclic-by-finite group and char *K* = 0 then the group ring *K*\[*G*\] is a domain. Later (1980) Cliff removed the restriction on the characteristic of the field. In 1988, Kropholler, Linnell and Moody generalized these results to the case of torsion-free solvable and solvable-by-finite groups. Earlier (1965) work of Michel Lazard, whose importance was not appreciated by the specialists in the field for about 20 years, had dealt with the case where *K* is the ring of p-adic integers and *G* is the *p*th congruence subgroup of GL(*n*, **Z**).

## Spectrum of an integral domain

Zero divisors have a topological interpretation, at least in the case of commutative rings: a ring *R* is an integral domain if and only if it is reduced and its spectrum Spec *R* is an irreducible topological space. The first property is often considered to encode some infinitesimal information, whereas the second one is more geometric.

An example: the ring *k*\[*x*, *y*\]/(*xy*), where *k* is a field, is not a domain, since the images of *x* and *y* in this ring are zero divisors. Geometrically, this corresponds to the fact that the spectrum of this ring, which is the union of the lines *x* = 0 and *y* = 0, is not irreducible. Indeed, these two lines are its irreducible components.

* Lam, Tsit-Yuen (2001). *A First Course in Noncommutative Rings* (2nd ed.). Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-0-387-95325-0. MR 1838439.
* Charles Lanski (2005). *Concepts in abstract algebra*. AMS Bookstore. ISBN 0-534-42323-X.
* César Polcino Milies; Sudarshan K. Sehgal (2002). *An introduction to group rings*. Springer. ISBN 1-4020-0238-6.
* Nathan Jacobson (2009). *Basic Algebra I*. Dover. ISBN 978-0-486-47189-1.
* Louis Halle Rowen (1994). *Algebra: groups, rings, and fields*. A K Peters. ISBN 1-56881-028-8.


title: Dejan Savić

abstract: Dejan Savić is a Serbian professional water polo coach and former player. During his playing career, he was part of two Olympic bronze medal squads, one for FR Yugoslavia at the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, the other for Serbia at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, and one Olympic silver medal squad for Serbia and Montenegro at the 2004 Olympics in Athens. Savić started training with the Partizan water polo club at the age of five and he debuted for the first team (seniors) at the age of thirteen, while still a pupil in elementary school. His last club was VK Crvena zvezda where he was team captain. He retired from active playing at the end of the 2010/11 season. At international level, Savić represented FR Yugoslavia, Serbia and Montenegro and Serbia, in 444 matches and scored 405 goals. He is the most capped player in Serbian water polo. He began coaching VK Crvena zvezda in 2011 and stayed there until 2015. He also became head coach of the Serbia men's national water polo team in autumn 2012 and stayed until 2023.

text:
# Dejan Savić

**Dejan Savić** (Serbian Cyrillic: Дејан Савић; born 24 April 1975) is a Serbian professional water polo coach and former player.

During his playing career, he was part of two Olympic bronze medal squads, one for FR Yugoslavia at the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, the other for Serbia at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, and one Olympic silver medal squad for Serbia and Montenegro at the 2004 Olympics in Athens.

Savić started training with the Partizan water polo club at the age of five and he debuted for the first team (seniors) at the age of thirteen, while still a pupil in elementary school. His last club was VK Crvena zvezda where he was team captain. He retired from active playing at the end of the 2010/11 season. At international level, Savić represented FR Yugoslavia, Serbia and Montenegro and Serbia, in 444 matches and scored 405 goals. He is the most capped player in Serbian water polo.

He began coaching VK Crvena zvezda in 2011 and stayed there until 2015. He also became head coach of the Serbia men's national water polo team in autumn 2012 and stayed until 2023.

## Club career as coach

### Crvena zvezda

In 2011, after finishing his long playing career, Savić remained with his club Crvena zvezda in the position of head coach. In 2015, Savić left the position in Crvena zvezda. In February 2022, he returned to Crvena zvezda as head coach.

## National career

Savić is one of a few sportspeople who won Olympic medals in water polo as players and head coaches.

### As player

Savić made his debut for the national team in 1994, during a time of sanctions for Yugoslavia, following All-Star selections in a tournament in Italy. He became the standard no. five (wing) player for the team almost without a break over the whole of his national career. Holding the record for the highest number of matches played (444), and also being a highly successful scorer (405 goals), he is considered to be among the true legends of Serbian sports. During his career, from a player in charge of sifting the opposing networks, he developed into the strongest pillar of Serbia's defense in front of the goal. With his power and imagination, he was a prominent member of the team. From 1997, Savić was part of the Yugoslav/Serbian water polo team in every competition in which they won a medal. In a duel with Montenegro at the 2008 Olympic Games, he was one of the players most responsible for Serbia's triumph when they won the bronze medal that year. Savić played his last match with the national team in China in 2011.

### As coach

Savić was named as head coach of the Serbia national team after Dejan Udovičić left the position in 2012. Under Savić's leadership, the national team won the 2020 and 2016 Olympic Games, the 2015 World Championship, three European Championships (2014, 2016 and 2018), and six World League titles (2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2019). In little over twelve months, between August 2015 and August 2016, the Serbian national team won consecutively all four of the biggest titles in Water Polo – the 2015 World Championship, the 2016 European Championship, the 2016 World League, and the 2016 and 2020 Olympic Games – an unprecedented achievement.

## Honours

### As coach

#### Crvena zvezda

### As player

#### Partizan

* Yugoslavian Championship: 1994–95
* Yugoslavia Cup: 1989–90, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1994–95
* LEN Cup: 1997–98
* LEN Super Cup: 1991
* LEN Cup Winners' Cup: 1990
* Mediterranean Championship: 1989

#### CN Barcelona

#### CN Atlètic-Barceloneta

#### Rari Nantes Florentia

#### Pro Recco

#### Sintez Kazan

* Russian Championship: 2006–07
* Russian Cup: 2004–05, 2009–10
* LEN Euro Cup: 2006–07

## Individual honours

It was announced on 1 June 2010 that Dejan Savić won the national sports award, which includes lifetime monthly fees. Savić was honored for winning a silver medal at the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens.

## InfoBox

| Dejan Savić | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Savić coaching Serbia at the 2015 World Championships | | | |
| Personal information | | | |
| Born | (1975-04-24) 24 April 1975
Belgrade, SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia | | |
| Hometown | Belgrade | | |
| Nationality | Serbian | | |
| Height | 192 cm (6 ft 4 in) | | |
| Weight | 135 kg (298 lb) | | |
| Handedness | R | | |
| Club information | | | |
| Current team | Sliema | | |
| Senior clubs | | | |
| Years | **Team** | | |
| 1989–1998 | Partizan | | |
| 1998–2000 | Barcelona | | |
| 2000–2001 | Atlètic-Barceloneta | | |
| 2001–2003 | Florentia | | |
| 2003–2005 | Pro Recco | | |
| 2005–2010 | Sintez | | |
| 2010–2011 | Crvena zvezda | | |
| Teams coached | | | |
| 2012–2022 | Serbia | | |
| 2011–2015 | Crvena zvezda | | |
| 2017–2018 | Crvena zvezda | | |
| 2022–2023 | Crvena zvezda | | |
| 2023– | Sliema | | |
| Medal record      Representing  Yugoslavia,
Serbia and Montenegro
and  Serbia  Olympic Games  2004 Athens   2000 Sydney   2008 Beijing   World Championships  2005 Montreal   2001 Fukuoka   1998 Perth   2003 Barcelona   European Championship  2001 Budapest   2003 Kranj   2006 Belgrade   1997 Seville   2008 Málaga   FINA World League  2005 Belgrade   2006 Athens   2007 Berlin   2008 Genova   2004 Long Beach   FINA World Cup  2006 Budapest   2002 Belgrade   Mediterranean Games  1997 Bari   Universiade  1995 Fukuoka   Head Coach for  Serbia  Olympic Games  2016 Rio de Janeiro   2020 Tokyo   World Championship  2015 Kazan   2017 Budapest   European Championship  2014 Budapest   2016 Belgrade   2018 Barcelona   FINA World Cup  2014 Almaty    2018 Berlin   FINA World League  2013 Chelyabinsk   2014 Dubai   2015 Bergamo   2016 Huizhou   2017 Ruza   2019 Belgrade   Mediterranean Games  2018 Tarragona | | | |


title: Cap Ferret

abstract: Cap Ferret is a headland situated at the south end of the commune of Lège-Cap-Ferret in the Gironde department in the French southwestern Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. The headland takes the form of a spit, which separates the Atlantic Ocean from Arcachon Bay. At the same time, the entrance to Arcachon Bay separates Cap Ferret from the resort town of Arcachon. Cap Ferret is famous for its lighthouse and as an up-market resort that has retained its natural feel at the heart of the Landes of Gascony and the Pays de Buch. It is also famous for its ostréicole (oyster-farming) activity and numerous tasting sites. Cap Ferret is accessible by road from the north, and by passenger ferry from Arcachon. The Tramway du Cap-Ferret, a diesel operated narrow-gauge railway, links the ferry landing at Bélisaire on the shores of Arcachon Bay with the beaches on the Atlantic coast.

text:
# Cap Ferret

**Cap Ferret** (French pronunciation: \[kap fɛʁɛ\]; English: Cape Ferret) is a headland situated at the south end of the commune of Lège-Cap-Ferret in the Gironde department in the French southwestern Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. The headland takes the form of a spit, which separates the Atlantic Ocean from Arcachon Bay. At the same time, the entrance to Arcachon Bay separates Cap Ferret from the resort town of Arcachon.

Cap Ferret is famous for its lighthouse and as an up-market resort that has retained its natural feel at the heart of the Landes of Gascony and the Pays de Buch. It is also famous for its ostréicole (oyster-farming) activity and numerous tasting sites.

Cap Ferret is accessible by road from the north, and by passenger ferry from Arcachon. The Tramway du Cap-Ferret, a diesel operated narrow-gauge railway, links the ferry landing at Bélisaire on the shores of Arcachon Bay with the beaches on the Atlantic coast.

## InfoBox

| Cap Ferret | |
| --- | --- |
| Cape | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 44°38′46.28″N 1°14′56.11″W / 44.6461889°N 1.2489194°W / 44.6461889; -1.2489194 | |
| Location | Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France |
| Offshore water bodies | Atlantic Ocean,<br>Arcachon Bay |


title: Farmville Plantation

abstract: Farmville Plantation is a historic plantation house located near the historic location, called Elmwood south of Statesville in Iredell County, North Carolina. It consists of two Federal style houses. The main house was built about 1818, and is a two-story, three bay by two bay, brick dwelling with a two-story entrance portico. The house is also known as the Joseph Chambers house or Darshana. The main house has a low gable roof and one-story rear shed porch. Attached to it by a breezeway is a smaller two-story, three bay by two bay stuccoed brick dwelling. The house was restored in the 1960s. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

text:
# Farmville Plantation

**Farmville Plantation** is a historic plantation house located near the historic location, called Elmwood south of Statesville in Iredell County, North Carolina. It consists of two Federal style houses. The main house was built about 1818, and is a two-story, three bay by two bay, brick dwelling with a two-story entrance portico. The house is also known as the Joseph Chambers house or Darshana. The main house has a low gable roof and one-story rear shed porch. Attached to it by a breezeway is a smaller two-story, three bay by two bay stuccoed brick dwelling. The house was restored in the 1960s.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

## History

The Farmville Plantation was built by Joseph Chambers (17911848) in about 1820. The land was worked by enslaved people who were held on the plantation. Joseph's son, Pinckney Brown Chambers (18211905) was born on the plantation and inherited it from his father.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Farmville Plantation | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Southeast of Elmwood off US 70 on SR 2362, near Elmwood, North Carolina |
| Coordinates | 35°44′22″N 80°45′54″W / 35.73944°N 80.76500°W / 35.73944; -80.76500 |
| Area | 6 acres (2.4 ha) |
| Built | 1818 (1818) |
| Architectural style | Federal, Federal |
| MPS | Iredell County MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 73001353 |
| Added to NRHP | June 19, 1973 |


title: SemaConnect

abstract: SemaConnect was an electric vehicle infrastructure company located in Bowie, Maryland, founded in 2008 by entrepreneur, Mahi Reddy. The company and its assets were acquired by Blink Charging in June 2022. On June 23, 2023, Blink Charging officially migrated all remaining SemaConnect infrastructures onto their own network, therefore phasing out the use of the SemaConnect brand entirely.

text:
# SemaConnect

**SemaConnect** was an electric vehicle infrastructure company located in Bowie, Maryland, founded in 2008 by entrepreneur, Mahi Reddy. The company and its assets were acquired by Blink Charging in June 2022. On June 23, 2023, Blink Charging officially migrated all remaining SemaConnect infrastructures onto their own network, therefore phasing out the use of the SemaConnect brand entirely.

## Company

SemaConnect is a developer and producer of smart networked Electric Vehicle charging stations and electric vehicle software for station owners and EV drivers. The company launched in 2008 with the first ChargePro 620 edition and EV software called SemaCharge.

SemaConnect has 150 ChargePro charging stations in Maryland, Virginia and Washington, D.C. In 2011, SemaConnect partnered with 350Green for the launch of 1,500 charging stations across the U.S. at retailers including Walgreens and Simon Properties. In July 2015, SemaConnect raised $15 million to expand their electric car network and customer support services.

## ChargePro

The ChargePro charging station uses the North American standard SAEJ1772 connector for Level 2 charging. The ChargePro charging station is designed for installation in commercial properties including municipal, parking, multifamily, hotel, office and retail locations. The ChargePro can have a single or double head unit, and can come with or without a cable management system.

## Partnerships

1. SemaConnect uses MobileNOW to permit EV Charging payment by cell phone with the Charge Pro.
2. SemaConnect uses PlugShare (under company Recargo) technology to offer public charger payment options.

In June 2022 it was announced that Miami, Florida–based EV charging network Blink Charging would be acquiring SemaConnect in a $200 million stock and cash deal. SemaConnect's founder and CEO, Mahi Reddy, is to join Blink's board of directors.

On June 23, 2023, Blink Charging started migrating all existing SemaConnect customers and their infrastructure onto their own network as part of their upcoming maintenance. This resulted the SemaConnect app and its website to permanently shut down as part of the migration. On June 25, 2023, Blink Charging announced that they have finalized the migration, welcoming existing SemaConnect customers onto their own network.

## InfoBox

SemaConnect
|
|  |
| Company type | Public |
| Industry | Electric vehicle infrastructure |
| Founded | 2008 (2008) |
| Founder | Mahi Reddy |
| Defunct | June 23, 2023 |
| Fate | Acquired by Blink Charging |
| Headquarters | Bowie, Maryland, United States |
| Area served | North America |
| Products | ChargePro™, Series 4 EV Charging Station, Series 5 EV Charging Station, Series 6 EV Charging station, Series 7/7 Plus EV Charging Station, Series 8 EV Charging Station |
| Website | SemaConnect |


title: Short Money

abstract: Short Money is the common name for the annual payment to opposition parties in the United Kingdom House of Commons to help them with their costs. It includes funding to assist an opposition party in carrying out its parliamentary business, for travel and associated expenses, and for the running costs of the Leader of the Opposition's office. It is named after Edward Short, the then-Leader of the House of Commons who first proposed the payments. Cranborne Money is its counterpart in the House of Lords.

text:
# Short Money

**Short Money** is the common name for the annual payment to opposition parties in the United Kingdom House of Commons to help them with their costs. It includes funding to assist an opposition party in carrying out its parliamentary business, for travel and associated expenses, and for the running costs of the Leader of the Opposition's office.

It is named after Edward Short, the then-Leader of the House of Commons who first proposed the payments. Cranborne Money is its counterpart in the House of Lords.

## Origin

Short Money was introduced by the Harold Wilson Government of 1974–76 following a commitment in the Queen's Speech of 12 March 1974: "My Ministers will consider the provision of financial assistance to enable Opposition parties more effectively to fulfil their Parliamentary functions".

Edward Short fleshed out the proposal in a statement on Members' allowances in July 1974:

> A more immediate need is to provide additional support for the Opposition parties in Parliament — support which they certainly require if they are to play their full part here. The then Opposition and, I believe, the whole House benefited greatly from the Rowntree scheme, but more permanent arrangements are now necessary. Following our commitment in the Queen's Speech, I have had very helpful discussions with the parties opposite. I now plan to bring firm proposals before the House in the autumn.

The current scheme is administered under a resolution of the House of Commons of 26 May 1999.

## Recipients

Short Money is made available to all opposition parties in the House of Commons that secured either at least two seats or one seat and more than 150,000 votes at the previous general election.

The scheme has three components:

1. Funding to assist an opposition party in carrying out its parliamentary business
2. Funding for the opposition parties' travel and associated expenses
3. Funding for the running costs of the Leader of the Opposition's office

Short Money is not available to parties whose members have not sworn the Oath of Allegiance (such as Sinn Féin), because it was introduced to offer assistance for parliamentary duties. A separate scheme (introduced on 8 February 2006) provides funds to parties 'represented by Members who have chosen not to take their seats', providing for 'expenses wholly, exclusively and necessarily incurred for the employment of staff and related support to Members designated as that party's spokesman in relation to the party's representative business'. This is calculated on the same terms as Short Money. Other opposition parties have access to Short Money to support parliamentary business only and no equivalent extension for representative work.

## 2023 amounts

In the financial year commencing 1 April 2023, eligible parties receive:

General funding for opposition parties£21,438.33 for every seat won at the last election plus £42.82 for every 200 votes gained by the party. Travel expenses for opposition parties£235,511.46 is apportioned between each of the opposition parties in the same proportion as the amount given to each of them under the 'general funding' scheme set out above. Leader of the Opposition's office£998,817.35 is available for the running costs of the Leader of the Opposition's office. In addition, the Leader of the Opposition, the Opposition Chief Whip and the Assistant Opposition Whip receive a salary from public funds, on top of their parliamentary salary.

The funding helps support parties with a large, dispersed voter base such as Reform UK and the Green Party.

In his July 2015 budget, George Osborne cut Short Money by 19%, although the news did not emerge until the Autumn statement in November. The move was strongly criticised but Ministers argued that other areas of public finance were being similarly cut. Indexation was also linked to CPI rather than the more generous RPI inflation.

1. "Q&A: How much Short money do parties get?". *BBC News*. 13 May 2015.
2. "Opposition Parties (Financial Assistance)". *Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)*. House of Commons. 26 May 1999. col. 427–429.
3. "Rules for funding for political parties". *Institute for Government*. 26 February 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
4. Short Money (Report). 8 June 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
5. "Short money, long argument. Why one MP is entitled to a £660,000 windfall". *Economist*. 15 May 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
6. Jon Stone (25 November 2015). "George Osbourne quietly cuts funding for all of UK's opposition parties". *The Independent*.
7. Chris Mason (17 March 2016). "Short money cuts 'compromise' expected". *BBC Politics*. Retrieved 10 September 2016.


abstract: Behind the Scenes of Total Hell is a 2013 British independent feature film directed by Andy Wilton and produced by Once Upon A Tyne Productions. It was released globally on 22 April 2013 via internet streaming, DVD and download. The film is a mockumentary following a fictional director, Jamie Gunn, and his attempts to make a low budget horror movie, Total Hell. The film follows Jamie from his attempts to gain funding right through to the premiere of his film. The 97 minute film had a budget of £1,000. The film features a narration from Norman Lovett and Ian McCulloch, known for playing Peter West in Zombi 2. The soundtrack to the film features a large number of UK bands including World is Static, film composer Kasia Middleton, Super Baby Project, Franny Griffiths, The Drellas, Subway Showdown, Dust, Yorkie, Photobooth, Jari Ylamaki, Victoria Geelan, Depot, Igal Gabbay, Red R. R. Tuby, Chris Everard, Wherewithal, The Buzzsonic, Three Shy of Nine, Simon Doherty, Rachel Wallen-James, Mark Lough, Grant Alderson, Jamie Gunn.

text:
# Behind the Scenes of Total Hell: The Jamie Gunn Chronicles

***Behind the Scenes of Total Hell*** is a 2013 British independent feature film directed by Andy Wilton and produced by Once Upon A Tyne Productions. It was released globally on 22 April 2013 via internet streaming, DVD and download.

The film is a mockumentary following a fictional director, Jamie Gunn, and his attempts to make a low budget horror movie, *Total Hell*. The film follows Jamie from his attempts to gain funding right through to the premiere of his film. The 97 minute film had a budget of £1,000.

The film features a narration from Norman Lovett (best known for playing Holly in Red Dwarf) and Ian McCulloch, known for playing Peter West in *Zombi 2*.

The soundtrack to the film features a large number of UK bands including World is Static, film composer Kasia Middleton, Super Baby Project, Franny Griffiths, The Drellas, Subway Showdown, Dust, Yorkie, Photobooth, Jari Ylamaki, Victoria Geelan, Depot, Igal Gabbay, Red R. R. Tuby, Chris Everard, Wherewithal, The Buzzsonic, Three Shy of Nine, Simon Doherty, Rachel Wallen-James, Mark Lough, Grant Alderson, Jamie Gunn.

## InfoBox

| Behind the Scenes of Total Hell: The Jamie Gunn Chronicles | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Andy Wilton |
| Written by | Andy Wilton |
| Starring | Grey McCulloch
Sam Smart
Sarah Towndrow
Norman Lovett
Ian McCulloch |
| Release date | * 22 April 2013 (2013-04-22) |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |


title: Sidney Littlefield Kasfir

abstract: Sidney Carolyn Littlefield Kasfir (1939–2019) was an art historian of African art.

text:
# Sidney Littlefield Kasfir

**Sidney Carolyn Littlefield Kasfir** (1939–2019) was an art historian of African art.

## Career

Sidney Littlefield Kasfir received a MA in art history from Harvard University and a Ph.D. in African art from the University of London in 1979 with a dissertation on visual arts of the Idoma people. She was a professor at Emory University for two decades.

## Works

* *Contemporary African Art* (1999)
* *African Art and the Colonial Encounter: Inventing a Global Commodity* (2007)
* *Central Nigeria Unmasked: Arts of the Benue River Valley* (2011, co-edited)
* *African Art and Agency in the Workshop* (2013, co-edited)

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Sidney Littlefield Kasfir | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1939 (1939)
York, Maine, United States |
| Died | December 29, 2019(2019-12-29) (aged 79–80)
Maralal, Kenya |
| Occupation | Art historian |
| Known for | History of African art |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Education | Harvard University |
| Alma mater | University of London |
| Thesis | *Visual Arts of the Idoma of Central Nigeria* (1979) |
|  | |
| Notes | |
|  | |


title: The Magic Face

abstract: The Magic Face is a 1951 American drama film directed by Frank Tuttle and written by Mort Briskin and Robert Smith. The film stars Luther Adler, Patricia Knight, William L. Shirer, Jaspar von Oertzen, Anton Mitterwurzer and Peter Preses. The film was released on August 13, 1951 by Columbia Pictures.

text:
# The Magic Face

***The Magic Face*** is a 1951 American drama film directed by Frank Tuttle and written by Mort Briskin and Robert Smith. The film stars Luther Adler, Patricia Knight, William L. Shirer, Jaspar von Oertzen, Anton Mitterwurzer and Peter Preses. The film was released on August 13, 1951 by Columbia Pictures.

## Plot

## Cast

* Luther Adler as Rudi Janus / Janus the Great / Adolf Hitler
* Patricia Knight as Vera Janus
* William L. Shirer as Himself
* Jaspar von Oertzen as Maj. Fritz Weinrich
* Anton Mitterwurzer as Hans
* Peter Preses as Warden Harbacker
* Manfred Inger as Heinrich Wagner
* Charles Koenig as Franz
* Rolf Wanka as Gen. Rodenbusch
* Oskar Willner as Gen. von Schlossen
* Bell as Gen. Haldes
* Eric Zuckmann as Heinrich Himmler
* Hermann Erhardt as Hermann Göring
* Hans Sheel as Gen. Steig
* Michael Tellering as Lt. Col. Heitmeier
* Erik Frey as Col. Raffenstein
* Heinz Moog as Hans Harbach
* Ilka Windish as Carla Harbach
* Annie Maier as Mariana

## InfoBox

| The Magic Face | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Frank Tuttle |
| Written by | Mort Briskin
Robert Smith |
| Produced by | Mort Briskin
Robert Smith |
| Starring | Luther Adler
Patricia Knight
William L. Shirer
Jaspar von Oertzen
Anton Mitterwurzer
Peter Preses |
| Cinematography | Tony Braun |
| Edited by | Henrietta Brunsch |
| Music by | Herschel Burke Gilbert |
| Production
company | Mort Briskin-Robert Smith Productions |
| Distributed by | Columbia Pictures |
| Release date | * August 13, 1951 (1951-08-13) |
| Running time | 88 minutes |
| Countries | United States
Austria |
| Language | English |


title: The-Merry-Go-Round

abstract: The-Merry-Go-Round was a musical vaudeville production that ran at the Circle Theatre on Broadway in 1908. The music was by Gus Edwards, with a book by Edgar Smith and lyrics by Paul West; it featured skits including "Stupid Mr. Cupid" by Theodore M. Morse and Edward Madden, "He's A-my Brud" by Fred Fisher and Jesse Lasky, and "The Shop Window Girls", with lyrics by Will D. Cobb. It was directed by George F. Marion with choreography by Joseph C. Smith. The musical takes place in Mineola, New York and New York City.

text:
# The-Merry-Go-Round

***The-Merry-Go-Round*** was a musical vaudeville production that ran at the Circle Theatre on Broadway in 1908. The music was by Gus Edwards, with a book by Edgar Smith and lyrics by Paul West; it featured skits including "Stupid Mr. Cupid" by Theodore M. Morse and Edward Madden, "He's A-my Brud" by Fred Fisher and Jesse Lasky, and "The Shop Window Girls", with lyrics by Will D. Cobb. It was directed by George F. Marion with choreography by Joseph C. Smith. The musical takes place in Mineola, New York and New York City.


title: Cao Lei

abstract: Cao Lei is a Chinese weightlifter. She was born in north China's Hebei Province and was raised in northeastern Heilongjiang Province.

text:
# Cao Lei

**Cao Lei** (Chinese: 曹磊; pinyin: *Cáo Lěi*; born 24 December 1983 in Qinhuangdao, Hebei) is a Chinese weightlifter. She was born in north China's Hebei Province and was raised in northeastern Heilongjiang Province.

## Career

Cao Lei started weightlifting training at the age of 11 and attended Daging City sports school in 1997 when she was selected to the Heilongjiang province weightlifting team coached by Qixi Fu.

Lei made her debut in the international field in 2001 after winning the national championships in Asian Championships 63 kilo category by winning gold with a result of 107,5 kg (a junior world record at the time) in snatch, and 127,5 kg in clean and jerk, totaling 235 kg. The next year she started training with national team under the supervision of Ma Wenhui and she moved 69 kilo weight class in which she won the junior world championships 2003 with 105+140 kg performance.

In 2005 Cao placed fourth in the National games and later the year won gold in the East Asian Games. The next year she moved up one weight class and participated in the women's -75 kg at the 2006 World Weightlifting Championships and won the gold medal, snatching 118 kg and clean and jerking an additional 150 kg for a total of 268 kg. Later the same year, she took gold in the Asian Games, besting her year ranking mark to 120 kg in the snatch and 152 kg in the clean and jerk.

At the 2007 World Weightlifting Championships she won the gold medal again in the same category, with a total of 286 kg.

2009 she finished her weightlifting grand slam by taking gold in Chinese National Games with a result of 125 kg in the snatch, 150 kg in the clean and jerk adding to 275 kg total. In the 2009 weightlifting world championships she wasn't able to sustain her supremacy over the 75 kilo weight class as Svetlana Podobedova of Kazakhstan swept three gold medals, Cao following her to take silvers in all three disciplines. Later that year she represented her country in East Asian Games taking gold with routine performance of 252 kg total.

## Doping violation

During the 2008 Beijing Olympic games, Cao was placed first in the women's -75 kg weightlifting division. She set new Olympic records in the snatch and clean and jerk events, as well as setting a new overall score record. However on 12 January 2017 it was announced that because of a doping violation she had been retroactively disqualified from the 2008 Olympic Games and was therefore stripped of her gold medal and her records annulled.

## InfoBox

Cao Lei
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1983-12-24) 24 December 1983<br>Qinhuangdao, Hebei |
| Height | 1.68 m (5 ft 6 in) |
| Weight | 75 kg (165 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Country | China |
| Sport | Weightlifting |
| Event | Women's 75 kg |
| Medal record      Olympic Games  **Disqualified**  2008 Beijing  75 kg  World Championships  2006 Santo Domingo 75 kg  2007 Chiang Mai 75 kg  2009 Goyang 75 kg  Asian Games  2006 Doha 75 kg  2010 Guangzhou -75 kg  Chinese National Games  2009 Shandong 75 kg  East Asian Games  2005 Macau 69 kg  2009 Hong Kong 75 kg | |


abstract: Vancouver City was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It was a multiple member riding based in the newly created city of Vancouver. It did not appear on the hustings until the 1890 election – the city only having been chartered and named in the year of the previous election when the locality was a small polling area of the New Westminster riding. It is a sign of Vancouver's rapid growth that by 1890 there were over 300 electors, by 1900 there were 15,000, by 1903 over 25,000 votes cast; prior to 1885 the population of the waterside village of Granville, B.I. had been in the range of 300. When the riding was created it was a two-member riding but because of population increase was made a three-member riding in 1890 and in 1903 a five-member seat. Under the Block Voting system in use, each voter had right to cast as many votes as there were seats to fill. By 1920 Vancouver having grown to 200,000 inhabitants, the district became a six-member seat with about 40,000 voting, and over 200,000 votes cast. When it was broken up after the 1928 election, it was redistributed into four ridings, three with two members and one with three members.

text:
# Vancouver City (provincial electoral district)

**Vancouver City** was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It was a multiple member riding based in the newly created city of Vancouver.

It did not appear on the hustings until the 1890 election – the city only having been chartered and named in the year of the previous election when the locality was a small polling area of the New Westminster (provincial electoral district) riding. It is a sign of Vancouver's rapid growth that by 1890 there were over 300 electors, by 1900 there were 15,000, by 1903 over 25,000 votes cast; prior to 1885 the population of the waterside village of Granville, B.I. (Burrard Inlet, a postal address shared by Moodyville, New Brighton and Barnet) had been in the range of 300. When the riding was created it was a two-member riding but because of population increase was made a three-member riding in 1890 and in 1903 a five-member seat. Under the Block Voting system in use, each voter had right to cast as many votes as there were seats to fill.

By 1920 Vancouver having grown to 200,000 inhabitants, the district became a six-member seat with about 40,000 voting, and over 200,000 votes cast.

When it was broken up after the 1928 election, it was redistributed into four ridings, three with two members (Vancouver-Burrard, Vancouver Centre and Vancouver East) and one with three members (Vancouver-Point Grey).

## Demographics

| Population, 1961 |  |
| --- | --- |
| Population change, 1871–1961 |  |
| Area (km2) |  |
| Population density (people per km2) |  |

## Political geography and history

Vancouver City was a multi seat district, electing from two to six MLAs, before being dismantled in 1928.

Each voter could cast as many votes as there were seats to fill in the district.

In most of the elections from 1903, when party labels were first used formally, to 1920, the Block Voting system in use meant that one party took all of the city's seats. But in most cases, that one party took less than half the votes.

From 1903 to 1912, the Conservative party took all of the Vancouver City seats each time, with the most popular Conservative candidate taking less than 11 percent of votes cast.

In 1916 and 1920, the Liberal party took five of Vancouver City's six seats, with a Conservatives taking one seat.

In 1924, the Liberal party took five of Vancouver City's six seats, with a "Provincial Party" candidate taking one seat.

In 1928, the Conservative party took all six of Vancouver City's seats.

Following the 1928 election, Vancouver City was converted into four new districts, electing a total of 9 MLAs.

## Notable elections

## Notable MLAs

## Electoral history

*Note: winners in each election in **bold***.

6th British Columbia election, 1890
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | Expenditures |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Opposition | **Francis Lovett Carter-Cotton** | **1,123** | **36.07%** |  | unknown |
|  | Government | James M. Fox | 33 | 1.06% |  | unknown |
|  | Opposition | Samuel Greer | 649 | 20.85% |  | unknown |
|  | **Independent** | **James Welton Horne** | **695** | **22.33%** |  | unknown |
|  | Opposition | James Orr | 135 | 4.34% |  | unknown |
|  | Independent | Robert Garnett Tatlow | 478 | 15.35% |  | unknown |
| Total valid votes | | | 3,113 | 100.00% |  |
| Total rejected ballots | | |  |  |  |
| Turnout | | | % |  |  |

7th British Columbia election, 1894
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | Expenditures |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Government | Robert Alexander Anderson | 920 | 11.32% |  | unknown |
|  | Opposition | **Francis Lovett Carter-Cotton** | **1,736** | **21.36%** |  | unknown |
|  | Independents | Samuel Greer | 208 | 2.56% |  | unknown |
|  | Opposition | **Robert Macpherson** | **1,766** | **21.73%** |  | unknown |
|  | Government | Edward Odlum | 607 | 7.47% |  | unknown |
|  | Government | Robert Garnett Tatlow | 979 | 12.05% |  | unknown |
|  | Opposition | **Adolphus Williams** | **1,911** | **23.51%** |  | unknown |
| Total valid votes | | | 8,127 | 100.00% |  |
| Total rejected ballots | | |  |  |  |
| Turnout | | | % |  |  |

8th British Columbia election, 1898
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | Expenditures |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Government | William John Bowser | 879 | 8.26% |  | unknown |
|  | Government | John T. Carroll | 954 | 8.97% |  | unknown |
|  | Opposition | **Francis Lovett Carter-Cotton** | **1,667** | **15.67%** |  | unknown |
|  | Government | James Ford Garden | 1,157 | 10.88% |  | unknown |
|  | Government | William Seaman McDonald | 735 | 6.91% |  | unknown |
|  | Opposition | **Robert Macpherson** | **1,795** | **16.88%** |  | unknown |
|  | Opposition | **Joseph Martin** | **1,651** | **15.52%** |  | unknown |
|  | Opposition | **Charles Edward Tisdall** | **1,798** | **16.91%** |  | unknown |
| Total valid votes | | | 10,636 | 100.00% |  |
| Total rejected ballots | | |  |  |  |
| Turnout | | | % |  |  |

| 1900 British Columbia general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | Elected |
|  | Conservative | James Ford Garden | 1,787 | 11.67 | Y |
|  | Government | Joseph Martin | 1,737 | 11.34 | Y |
|  | Opposition | Robert Garnett Tatlow | 1,645 | 10.74 | Y |
|  | Conservative | Hugh Bowie Gilmour | 1,465 | 9.57 | Y |
|  | Conservative | Charles Wilson | 1,457 | 9.51 |
|  | Independent Government | Robert Macpherson | 1,435 | 9.37 |
|  | Government | James McQueen | 1,391 | 9.08 |
|  | Conservative | William Henry Wood | 1,344 | 8.78 |
|  | Independent Labour | Joseph Dixon | 853 | 5.57 |
|  | Progressive | Francis Lovett Carter-Cotton | 802 | 5.24 |
|  | Labour | Francis Williams | 716 | 4.67 |
|  | Independent Labour | William MacClain | 683 | 4.46 |
| Total valid votes | | | 15,315 | 100.00 |

| 1903 British Columbia general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | Elected |
|  | Conservative | Robert Garnett Tatlow | 2,660 | 10.64 | Y |
|  | Conservative | James Ford Garden | 2,464 | 9.86 | Y |
|  | Conservative | Charles Wilson | 2,416 | 9.66 | Y |
|  | Conservative | William John Bowser | 2,304 | 9.2 | Y |
|  | Conservative | Alexander Henry Boswell MacGowan | 2,300 | 9.20 | Y |
|  | Liberal | Joseph Martin | 1,546 | 6.18 |
|  | Liberal | William Disbrow Brydone-Jack | 1,461 | 5.84 |
|  | Liberal | Truman Smith Baxter | 1,411 | 5.64 |
|  | Vancouver (Independent) Labour | Francis Williams | 1,357 | 5.43 |
|  | Socialist | John Thomas Mortimer | 1,328 | 5.31 |
|  | Vancouver (Independent) Labour | Albert George Perry | 1,248 | 4.99 |
|  | Liberal | James Douglas Turnbull | 1,193 | 4.77 |
|  | Vancouver (Independent) Labour | John McLaren | 1,164 | 4.66 |
|  | Socialist | Albion Rovert Stebbings | 956 | 3.82 |
|  | Liberal | Clarence Monck | 910 | 3.64 |
|  | Socialist Labour | William Griffiths | 284 | 1.14 |
| Total valid votes | | | 25,002 | 100.00 |
| Source: http://www.elections.bc.ca/docs/rpt/1871-1986\_ElectoralHistoryofBC.pdf | | | | | | |

11th 1907 British Columbia general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | Expenditures |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **William John Bowser** | **3,152** | **10.45%** |  | unknown |
|  | Socialist | John Edward Dubberley | 599 | 1.99% |  | unknown |
|  | Liberal | John Wallace deBeque Farris | 2,096 | 6.95% |  | unknown |
|  | **Conservative** | **James Ford Garden** | **3,080** | **10.21%** |  | unknown |
|  | Liberal | Alexander Henderson | 2,248 | 7.45% |  | unknown |
|  | Socialist | Eugene Thornton Kingsley | 617 | 2.04% |  | unknown |
|  | **Conservative** | **Alexander Henry Boswell MacGowan** | **3,141** | **10.41%** |  | unknown |
|  | Conservative | George Albert McGuire | **2,994** | **9.92%** |  | unknown |
|  | Liberal | William Wallace Burns McInnes | 2,233 | 7.40% |  | unknown |
|  | Liberal | Robert Purvis McLennan | 2,316 | 7.68% |  | unknown |
|  | Socialist | James Hackett McVety | 616 | 2.04% |  | unknown |
|  | Liberal\] | Thomas Fletcher Neelands | 2,063 | 6.84% |  | unknown |
|  | Canadian Labour Party of BC | Albert George Perry | 281 | 0.93% |  | unknown |
|  | Socialist | Richard Parmater Pettipiece | 602 | 1.99% |  | unknown |
|  | Socialist | Albion Robert Stebbings | 598 | 1.98% |  | unknown |
|  | **Conservative** | **Robert Garnet Tatlow** | **3,136** | **10.39%** |  | unknown |
|  | Canadian Labour Party of BC | Francis Williams | 401 | 1.33% |  | unknown |
| Total valid votes | | | 30,173 | 100.00% |  |
| Total rejected ballots | | |  |  |  |
| Turnout | | | % |  |  |

### 1909 election

12th 1909 British Columbia general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | Expenditures |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **William John Bowser** | **5,441** | **10.60%** |  | unknown |
|  | Liberal | John Bell Campbell | 3,227 | 6.29% |  | unknown |
|  | Socialist | Peter Garvie | 1,227 | 2.39% |  | unknown |
|  | Socialist | Eugene Thornton Kingsley | 1,883 | 3.67% |  | unknown |
|  | Liberal | George Ernest MacDonald | 3,984 | 7.76% |  | unknown |
|  | **Conservative** | **Alexander Henry Boswell MacGowan** | **3,141** | **10.41%** |  | unknown |
|  | Socialist | Moses McGregor | 1,218 | 2.37% |  | unknown |
|  | Conservative | George Albert McGuire | **4,826** | **9.41%** |  | unknown |
|  | Socialist | William Murray MacKenzie | 1,231 | 2.40% |  | unknown |
|  | Socialist | Richard Parmater Pettipiece | 1,428 | 2.78% |  | unknown |
|  | Liberal | John Harold Senkler | 4,110 | 8.01% |  | unknown |
|  | Liberal | James Stables | 3,356 | 6.54% |  | unknown |
|  | **Conservative** | **Charles Edward Tisdall** | **2,063** | **6.84%** |  | unknown |
|  | Liberal | Frederick Coate Wade | 3,942 | 7.68% |  | unknown |
|  | **Conservative** | **Henry Holgate Watson** | **5,202** | **10.14%** |  | unknown |
| Total valid votes | | | 51,316 | 100.00% |  |
| Total rejected ballots | | |  |  |  |
| Turnout | | | % |  |  |

13th 1912 British Columbia general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | Expenditures |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Socialist | William Bennett | 1,134 | 2.45% |  | unknown |
|  | **Conservative** | **William John Bowser** | **5,101** | **11.02%** |  | unknown |
|  | Liberal | Cameron William Smith | 2,716 | 5.87% |  | unknown |
|  | Liberal | Joseph Nealon Ellis | 2,619 | 5.66% |  | unknown |
|  | Liberal | Charles William Enright | 2,947 | 6.37% |  | unknown |
|  | Independent | Samuel Greer | 897 | 1.94% |  | unknown |
|  | Socialist | Joseph Patrick Lord | 1,133 | 2.45% |  | unknown |
|  | Socialist | John Amos MacDonald | 1,263 | 2.73% |  | unknown |
|  | **Conservative** | **Alexander Henry Boswell MacGowan** | **5,061** | **10.93%** |  | unknown |
|  | **Conservative** | **George Albert McGuire** | **5,114** | **11.05%** |  | unknown |
|  | Socialist | WilliamArthur Pritchard | 1,081 | 2.34% |  | unknown |
|  | Socialist | John Reid | 1,156 | 2.50% |  | unknown |
|  | Liberal | Ralph Smith | 3,257 | 7.04% |  | unknown |
|  | Liberal | William Maxwell Smith | 2,744 | 5.93% |  | unknown |
|  | **Conservative** | **Charles Edward Tisdall** | **5,085** | **10.97%** |  | unknown |
|  | **Conservative** | **Henry Holgate Watson** | **4,977** | **10.75%** |  | unknown |
| Total valid votes | | | 46,285 | 100.00% |  |
| Total rejected ballots | | |  |  |  |
| Turnout | | | % |  |  |

| 1916 British Columbia general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | Elected |
|  | Liberal | Malcolm Archibald Macdonald | 9,119 | 9.53 | Y |
|  | Liberal | Ralph Smith | 8,106 | 8.47 | Y |
|  | Liberal | John William MacIntosh | 8,096 | 8.46 | Y |
|  | Liberal | John Wallace deBeque Farris | 7,881 | 8.23 | Y |
|  | Conservative | William John Bowser | 7,421 | 7.75 | Y |
|  | Liberal | John Sedgwick Cowper | 7,056 | 7.37 | Y |
|  | Liberal | Patrick Donnelly | 7,005 | 7.32 |
|  | Conservative | Charles Edward Tisdall | 6,922 | 7.23 |
|  | Conservative | Thomas Duke | 6,395 | 6.68 |
|  | Conservative | George Albert McGuire | 6,270 | 6.55 |
|  | Conservative | Walter Leek | 6,136 | 6.41 |
|  | Conservative | Alexander Henry Boswell MacGowan | 5,906 | 6.17 |
|  | Independent Labour | Charles Edward Tisdall | 2,487 | 2.60 |
|  | Independent Conservative | Robert Cassidy | 2,451 | 2.56 |
|  | Independent | Harold George White | 1,416 | 1.48 |
|  | Socialist | John David Harrington | 1,380 | 1.44 |
|  | Independent | Edwin Clarke Appleby | 743 | 0.78 |
|  | Independent | Arthur Freeman Fawcett | 665 | 0.69 |
|  | Independent Conservative | Thomas Owen Townley | 250 | 0.26 |
| Total valid votes | | | 95,705 | 100.00 |

| 1920 British Columbia general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | Elected |
|  | Liberal | Mary Ellen Smith | 17,510 | 8.66 | Y |
|  | Liberal | Ian Alistair MacKenzie | 13,840 | 6.84 | Y |
|  | Liberal | John Wallace deBeque Farris | 12,550 | 6.21 | Y |
|  | Liberal | James Ramsay | 12,279 | 6.07 | Y |
|  | Liberal | Malcolm Archibald Macdonald | 12,222 | 6.04 | Y |
|  | Conservative | William John Bowser | 11,617 | 5.75 | Y |
|  | Conservative | George Black | 10,379 | 5.13 |
|  | Liberal | John Patrick Dougherty | 10,388 | 5.14 |
|  | Conservative | John Weightman Warden | 10,278 | 5.08 |
|  | Conservative | Samuel Lyness Howe | 9,913 | 4.90 |
|  | Conservative | Edith Louise Paterson | 9,573 | 4.73 |
|  | Independent | Joseph Martin | 9,123 | 4.51 |
|  | Conservative | John Wesley Mahan | 8,810 | 4.36 |
|  | Federated Labour | William Robert Trotter | 7,481 | 3.70 |
|  | Federated Labour | James Shaver Woodsworth | 7,444 | 3.68 |
|  | Federated Labour | Thomas Richardson | 7,192 | 3.56 |
|  | Independent | Moses Brewins Cotworth | 5,511 | 2.73 |
|  | Women's Freedom | Esther Margaret Crosfield | 4,166 | 2.06 |
|  | Vancouver Rentpayers | George Johnson Ashworth | 3,291 | 1.63 |
|  | Socialist | John David Harrington | 2,956 | 1.46 |
|  | United Veterans | John Livingstone Millar | 2,808 | 1.39 |
|  | United Veterans | Percival Horace North | 2,633 | 1.30 |
|  | Socialist | James Ferguson Smith | 2,267 | 1.12 |
|  | Socialist | Christopher Stephenson | 1,818 | 0.90 |
|  | Socialist | Sidney Earp | 1,694 | 0.84 |
|  | Socialist | William McQuoid | 1,524 | 0.75 |
|  | Independent | Thomas Turberville | 1,487 | 0.74 |
|  | Socialist | John Dennis | 1,451 | 0.72 |
| Total valid votes | | | 202,205 | 100.00 |

16th British Columbia election, 1924
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | Expenditures |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | William John Bowser | 7,818 | 4.12% |
|  | Independent Conservative | Robert Cassidy | 276 | 0.15% |
|  | Canadian Labour Party | Wilfred Harry Cottrell | 6,314 | 3.33% |
|  | Provincial | **Andrew McCreight Creery** | **9,071** | **4.78%** |
|  | Canadian Labour Party | William Dunn | 5,752 | 3.03% |  | unknown |
|  | Liberal | John Wallace deBeque Farris | 8,427 | 4.44% |  | unknown |
|  | Provincial | Jessie Columbia Hall | 8,749 | 4.61% |  | unknown |
|  | Socialist | John David Harrington | 3,281 | 1.73% |  | unknown |
|  | Conservative | Samuel Lyness Howe | 7,250 | 3.82% |  | unknown |
|  | Conservative | Thomas Henry Kirk | 7,686 | 4.05% |  | unknown |
|  | Socialist | Henry McEvoy | 750 | 0.40% |  | unknown |
|  | Canadian Labour Party | Angus McInnis | 5,897 | 3.11% |  | unknown |
|  | **Liberal** | **Ian Alistair MacKenzie** | **9,476** | **4.99%** |  | unknown |
|  | Provincial | Alexander Duncan McRae | 9,008 | 4.75% |  | unknown |
|  | **Liberal** | **Christopher McRae** | **9,778** | **5.15%** |  | unknown |
|  | Provincial | Donald Edgar McTaggart | 8,924 | 4.70 |  | unknown |
|  | Conservative | Royal Lethington Maitland | 8,417 | 4.44% |  | unknown |
|  | Canadian Labour Party | Edmund Henry Morrison | 5,613 | 2.96% |  | unknown |
|  | **Liberal** | **Victor Wentworth Odlum** | **10,011** | **5.28%** |  | unknown |
|  | Independent Liberal | Guy Cathcart Pelton | 225 | 0.12% |
|  | Conservative | Perry Douglas Roe | 7,222 | 3.81% |  | unknown |
|  | Provincial | Francis William Rounsefell | 8,407 | 4.43% |  | unknown |
|  | Conservative | Emma Wood Scott | 7,292 | 3.84% |  | unknown |
|  | Provincial | George Gower Birt Showler | 7,437 | 3.92% |  | unknown |
|  | **Liberal** | **Mary Ellen Smith** | **9,251** | **4.88%** |  | unknown |
|  | Canadian Labour Party | Priscilla Janet Smith | 6,078 | 3.20% |  | unknown |
|  | **Liberal** | **Charles Woodward** | **11,318** | **5.97%** |  | unknown |
| Total valid votes | | | 189,728 | 100.00% |  |
| Total rejected ballots | | |  |  |  |
| Turnout | | | % |  |  |

17th British Columbia election, 1928
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ± | Expenditures |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | Henry Elston Almond | 11,818 | 6.56% |  | unknown |
|  | **Conservative** | **William Dick** | **15,968** | **8.86%** |  | unknown |
|  | Liberal | Dugald Donaghy | 13,176 | 7.31% |  | unknown |
|  | Liberal | John Pitcairn Hogg | 10,948 | 6.08% |  | unknown |
|  | **Conservative** | **Thomas Henry Kirk** | **15,943** | **8.85%** |  | unknown |
|  | Independent Labour Party | Angus McInnis | 6,026 | 3.34% |  | unknown |
|  | **Conservative** | **Royal Lethington Maitland** | **16,499** | **9.16%** |  | unknown |
|  | Independent Liberal | Guy Cathcart Pelton | 976 | 0.54% |
|  | **Conservative** | **William Curtis Shelly** | **17,486** | **9.70%** |  | unknown |
|  | Independent Labour Party | Robert Skinner | 4,223 | 2.34% |  | unknown |
|  | Liberal | Helen Douglas Smith | 12,514 | 6.94% |  | unknown |
|  | **Conservative** | **Nelson Spencer** | **16,717** | **9.28%** |  | unknown |
|  | Liberal | Frederick William Sterling | 11,045 | 6.13% |  | unknown |
|  | Liberal | Nicholas Thompson | 11,101 | 6.16% |  | unknown |
|  | **Conservative** | **George Alexander Walkem** | **15,769** | **8.75%** |  | unknown |
| Total valid votes | | | 180,209 | 100.00% |  |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 425 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | % |  |  |

Vancouver City last appeared in the 1928 election. For the 1933 general election, Vancouver City was redistributed into:

1. Electoral History of BC, 1871–1986, p. 545


title: Sergenaux

abstract: Sergenaux is a commune in the Jura department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

text:
# Sergenaux

**Sergenaux** (French pronunciation: \[sɛʁʒəno\]) is a commune in the Jura department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 77 |  |
| 1975 | 54 | −4.94% |
| 1982 | 50 | −1.09% |
| 1990 | 33 | −5.06% |
| 1999 | 35 | +0.66% |
| 2009 | 56 | +4.81% |
| 2014 | 78 | +6.85% |
| 2020 | 62 | −3.75% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Sergenaux | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall in Sergenaux | |
| Location of Sergenaux | |
| SergenauxSergenaux | |
| Coordinates: 46°53′15″N 5°27′29″E / 46.8875°N 5.4581°E / 46.8875; 5.4581 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté |
| Department | Jura |
| Arrondissement | Lons-le-Saunier |
| Canton | Bletterans |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Jean Bacheley |
| Area**1** | 3.24 km2 (1.25 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 63 |
| Density | 19/km2 (50/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 39511 /39230 |
| Elevation | 197–221 m (646–725 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Short Mountain Creek Bridge

abstract: The Short Mountain Creek Bridge carries Short Mountain Road across Short Mountain Creek, northwest of Paris, Arkansas. It is a single-span Parker pony truss bridge, with a span measuring 92 feet (28 m) and a total structure length of 93 feet (28 m). It has a deck surface of concrete that is 21.7 feet (6.6 m) wide. It was built in 1928 by the Virginia Bridge Company of Tennessee, and is the only bridge of this type in the area. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

text:
# Short Mountain Creek Bridge

The **Short Mountain Creek Bridge** carries Short Mountain Road across Short Mountain Creek, northwest of Paris, Arkansas. It is a single-span Parker pony truss bridge, with a span measuring 92 feet (28 m) and a total structure length of 93 feet (28 m). It has a deck surface of concrete that is 21.7 feet (6.6 m) wide. It was built in 1928 by the Virginia Bridge Company of Tennessee, and is the only bridge of this type in the area.

The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Short Mountain Creek Bridge | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location in ArkansasLocation in United States | |
| Location | County Road 64 (Short Mountain Road), near Paris, Arkansas |
| Coordinates | 35°18′41″N 93°44′37″W / 35.31139°N 93.74361°W / 35.31139; -93.74361 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1928 (1928) |
| Built by | Virginia Bridge & Iron Co. of Tenn. |
| Architectural style | Parker pony truss |
| MPS | Historic Bridges of Arkansas MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 04001039 |
| Added to NRHP | September 24, 2004 |


title: Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses

abstract: Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses is a 1892 pamphlet on animal slaughter by H. F. Lester.

text:
# Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses

***Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses*** is a 1892 pamphlet on animal slaughter by H. F. Lester.

## Background

Horace Francis Lester was born in 1853 in Bombay. He was the son of Frederic William Lester, who was a Major-general of the Bombay Artillery. Lester attended the University College in Oxford and became a barrister-at-law in 1879. Professionally, he made several legal writings, and was a contributor to the weekly satire magazine *Punch*. He also wrote several fictional works, including the 1887 parody *Ben D'Ymion*, the 1888 murder mystery *Hartas Maturin*, and the 1888 future war novel *The Taking of Dover*, before writing the pamphlet *Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses*. He died four years after the publication, in 1896.

The representative of the Humanitarian League, which published Lester's exposé, Reverend John Verschoyle, was also a member of the Model Abattoir Society, a council that Lester was the founder of. On the concealment of the activities within the slaughterhouse, it was reported that the public had condemned the "pariah class" slaughtermen and that the "lads and little boys" had become curious, peering through the fences and banging at the doors, at establishments in Deptford and Islington, among others.

This led Lester to write the slaughterhouse exposé, which he justified because he believed that "meat-eaters had a moral obligation to understand the "demoralization of character" that was a necessary step in the provision of meat," according to the cultural historian and food writer Paula Young Lee in her 2008 work, *Meat, Modernity and the Rise of the Slaughterhouse*. For his contributions to writing on the subject of London slaughterhouses, Henry S. Salt, a president of the Vegetarian Society, refers to Lester as an expert in his 1921 autobiographical work, *Seventy Years Among the Savages*.

## Publication

The 5 x 8" pamphlet is 19 pages in total length and was printed by William Reeves, at 185 Fleet Street, E. C., London in 1892. Following the title page, the pamphlet includes the "Manifesto of the Humanitarian League," which expresses that the league works for the cessation of "suffering, directly or indirectly, on any sentient being." Included in the manifesto is an excerpt from the English Romantic poet William Wordsworth's poem "Hart-Leap Well."

*Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses* was issue number five of the Humanitarian League's "Pamphlet Series" publications. The cost for one issue in the year of publication was 2 pence, and it was also the cost in 1896. The final page in the pamphlet is a listing of the Humanitarian League's Publications, which was the first five issues, and the announcement of two which were in preparation.

During the Humanitarian League's annual meeting, on March 16, 1893, Lester gave an account of the progress of slaughterhouse reform, following the publication of the pamphlet. Copies of *Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses* in microfilm format are available at university and public libraries in the United States, England, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Germany.

### Content

The pamphlet is divided into three sections; namely "Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses," "Humane Inventions for Slaughtering," and "Legislative Interference."

The opening to *Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses* gives a quotation from Irish historian and political essayist William Edward Hartpole Lecky, who writes that the repugnance for the butcher trade has "simply ceased," adding that their work "has no place in their emotions or calculations." Lester then observes that "the ordinary human \[...\] shrinks instinctively from shedding the blood of one of the lower animals\[,\] in a community removed several steps from mere barbarism." This is further indicated by the fact that "the sight and smell of blood \[...\] produces a feeling of oppression and nausea on any human being who enters the building." He notes that with meat-eating, one must accept a "demoralization of character," as a result from the animals that must be killed, "whatever consequent suffering to them, and \[the\] degradation of the unfortunate butcher class."

Lester suggests, that since "meat is not only not necessary, \[and\] injurious," then that the establishments could be converted into "wholesome receptacles for grains and fruit." According to the medical authorities, diseases, such as tuberculosis, "appears to be impossible to prevent \[and are\] readily transmissible by eating the meat or drinking the milk of such animals." Finally, in this section, Lester details several instances of private slaughter-houses operating in poor conditions, as well as reprinting the notes of three public slaughter-houses which were in a similar, destitute condition.

The following, two shorter sections include a listing of several newly available methods for humane slaughtering. He also recounts the efforts of Parliament which had been devoted to providing the humane treatment of animals in slaughter-houses, as well as the minimization of dangers to public health incidental to such places.

### Response from the slaughtermen

In the pamphlet, Lester refers to the killing floor operators as "unclean creature\[s\]," asserting that the ranks of slaughtermen are composed of "the dregs of the population," who know that the butcher trade is "a nasty one, only bearable from lack of other employment and the good wages earned." This prompted one of the slaughtermen to reply:

> "People don't treat me as an unclean creature that I know of; and as to talking about the "deep degradation of the nature of the whole class of men," I can tell him that he does misrepresent me and others and that I do my duty as well and am quite as honest as this vegetarian agitator, who pretends he only wants private slaughterhouses abolished, while all the while he wants to stop meat-eating all together... We are not even now "dregs" and never were."

### Citations

### Sources

## InfoBox

Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses
| Cover page | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | H. F. Lester |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Animal slaughter |
| Publication date | 1892 |
| Media type | Print (pamphlet) |
| Pages | 19 |
| OCLC | 1116272431 |
| Text | *Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses* at Wikisource |