title: Ralph Kekwick

abstract: Professor Ralph Ambrose Kekwick. was a British biochemist who did pioneering work on human plasma fractionation, including the first production of Factor VIII.

text:
# Ralph Kekwick

Professor **Ralph Ambrose Kekwick** FRS (11 November 1908 Leytonstone Essex – 17 January 2000 Woodford). was a British biochemist who did pioneering work on human plasma fractionation, including the first production of Factor VIII.

## Early life and education

Ralph's father was Oliver A. Kekwick (1865–1939) a managing clerk in a firm of ships' chandlers in Royal Albert Dock, London. His mother was Mary E. Price (1868–1958) who, aged 13, was a pupil-teacher at Bromley St Leonard's Church school, Bromley-by-Bow, London. Ralph was the youngest of her three children.

Ralph attended infants' and elementary schools in Leytonstone and in 1919 gained a scholarship to Leyton County High School for boys. His elder brother read chemistry at University College London (UCL) and his accounts of this excited Ralph and set him for a career in science.

At age 16, Ralph passed the School Certificate sufficiently to make him eligible for university entrance and he began at UCL in 1925, a month before his 17th birthday. He obtained a BSc with first class in chemistry in 1928.

## Career

### 1920s

UCL did not then run undergraduate courses in biochemistry but did have a small biochemistry department headed by Prof. Sir Jack Drummond (FRS 1944). In 1928 Drummond gave a series of open lectures which Kekwick attended and decided as a result to pursue a career in biochemistry. He stayed at UCL doing work which included the hydrogen-ion dissociation curve of the crystalline albumin of the hen's egg.

### 1930s

In 1931 he was awarded a Commonwealth Fund Harkness Fellowship which enabled him to spend two years in the United States. He joined Keith Cannan and resumed work on egg albumin and later published two papers in the Biochemical Journal. He returned to UCL as a lecturer from 1933 to 1937, spending a year at the Physical Chemical Institute in Uppsala, Sweden from 1935 to 1937 doing work with Nobel laureate Theodor Svedberg on analytical ultracentrifugation. In 1935 a grant of £3,400 to the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine in London was made by the Rockefeller Foundation to acquire an oil turbine and equilibrium ultracentrifuge from the Swedish institute. A special building housed the equipment because of the closeness of the Thames and the need to protect other equipment from vibration. Kekwick assisted with the installation and in 1937 a Medical Research Council (MRC) grant supported him working at the Lister where he was offered a post. In 1938, Svedberg attended the opening of the new Lister Institute Biophysics Building. A steady flow of research papers based on ultracentrifugal measurements followed and in 1941, in recognition of his contributions to the physicochemical characterisation of proteins, Kekwick was awarded a DSc degree by London University of which the Lister was a part.

In the summer of 1939 he left for the USA with his wife and daughter (born 1938) to visit his wife's family and attend the Third Microbiological Congress in New York during which war was declared in Europe. His wife and daughter stayed on with her family while he returned to the UK – his wife and daughter did not return until 1944.

### 1940s

On his return to the Lister he continued experiments on diphtheria antitoxic horse sera. In 1940, Sir Percival Hartley, head of the Medical Research Council Biological Standards Division, raised problems with serum and plasma for transfusion. On storage, sterile human serum developed a haze owing to liberation of lipid from serum lipoprotein. This was visually indistinguishable from bacterial contamination. A method was found to produce a clear, filterable, stable product.

There was also a need for stocks of dried plasma or serum that could be reconstituted in emergencies. In 1941 Ralph moved to the unoccupied London County Council Serum Institute at Carshalton to avoid the London bombing. During 1942–43 the ether-freeze treatment of human serum and plasma was expanded and 1,000 litres of serum and 2,500 litres of plasma were produced and used clinically. More work was done on human plasma fractionation between 1944 and 1954.

### 1950s – retirement

An expanding demand for dried plasma and plasma protein fractions and a new blood products laboratory was built at the Elstree site.

In 1952 Ralph was appointed Reader in Biophysics in the University of London.

The first effective concentrate of human Factor VIII was produced and used successfully and reported in *The Lancet* in 1957. Kekwick received the Oliver Memorial Award for outstanding contributions to blood transfusion.

In 1966 Kekwick was given a personal Chair in the University of London and was elected a Fellow of The Royal Society (FRS).

## Personal life

He met his future wife Barbara Stone, a graduate in English from Wells College, whilst in New York in the 1930s. They married in June 1933. He retired in 1971 as his wife was unwell following post-operative complications – she died 18 months later. In 1974 he married his former colleague at the Lister, Margaret Mackay, who later died suddenly in 1982.


title: Ralph Kent (artist)

abstract: Ralph Kent was an American artist and Imagineer. His most famous work was for designing the first limited-edition Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse watch for adults. The design was so popular amongst Disney's executive team that Kent advised Disney artists on character models for decades to follow. Kent is said to have designed marketing materials for many Disneyland attractions, including Jungle Cruise, Enchanted Tiki Room, and It's a Small World. He was named a Disney Legend in 2004.

text:
# Ralph Kent (artist)

**Ralph Kent** (January 28, 1939 – September 10, 2007) was an American artist and Imagineer. His most famous work was for designing the first limited-edition Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse watch for adults. The design was so popular amongst Disney's executive team that Kent advised Disney artists on character models for decades to follow. Kent is said to have designed marketing materials for many Disneyland attractions, including Jungle Cruise, Enchanted Tiki Room, and It's a Small World. He was named a Disney Legend in 2004.

## Biography

### Early life

Growing up in New York during the 1940s and 1950s, Kent became enamored with Disney animated motion pictures. By age 10, he adorned his family's basement walls into a massive mural of Disney characters. Focused on one day working for Disney, Kent went on to attend the University of Buffalo Albright Art School. In 1960, Kent enlisted in the U.S. Army, shortly taking on an artistic role by illustrating training aids and films for the military.

### 1960s

In 1963, following his discharge from the army, Kent was hired by Disney to be a marketing production for Disneyland Park. He was quickly put in charge of developing marketing materials for many park attractions including Enchanted Tiki Room, The Jungle Cruise and more.

The following year saw Kent involved with the Disney team responsible for creating attractions for the 1964 New York World's Fair. He developed training materials for several attractions including It's a Small World.

By 1965, Kent had become a trusted artist of Walt Disney, and was responsible for designing the first limited-edition Mickey Mouse watch for adults. Walt gifted 25 of these watches to his top executives and the Mickey Mouse adult watch designs became a constant in Disney merchandising with over 100 designs manufactured each year since.

When Walt Disney became one of the original investors in the family-oriented entertainment business in Denver, Colorado known as Celebrity Fun Center, served as art director for the complex.

### 1970s and beyond

Following the Disney company's expansion to Florida in 1971, Kent transitioned to designing souvenirs for Walt Disney World including license plates and bumper stickers. In 1979, Kent was promoted to director of Walt Disney Imagineering East, in a role that would have him overseeing cast members in Florida that would provide support for soon to be opened Tokyo Disneyland park and EPCOT Center.

The 1990s, saw another transition for Kent as joined the Disney Design Group as a corporate trainer. Known as "The Keeper of the Mouse," Kent trained other Disney artists to draw the Mickey Mouse design uniformly, and also helped determine which merchandise would carry the Mickey image. Besides being a mentor for new aspiring artists, Kent taught park guests at the Disney Institute and created a thorough collection of Disney character reference model sheets.

Kent officially retired from The Walt Disney Company in May 2004, yet continued to consult on special projects afterwards.

## Awards and honors

In a 2004 ceremony at the Disney Studios in Burbank, CA, Kent was inducted as a Disney Legend. Kent also was honored with a window bearing his name on Main Street, U.S.A. of the Magic Kingdom park at Walt Disney World.

## InfoBox

| Ralph Kent | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Ralph Kwiatkowski
(1939-01-28)January 28, 1939
Buffalo, New York, U.S. |
| Died | September 10, 2007(2007-09-10) (aged 68)
Kissimmee, Florida |
| Notable work | Mickey Mouse
It's a Small World
Celebrity Sports Center
EPCOT Center
Tokyo Disneyland |
| Title | Director of Walt Disney Imagineering East,
Imagineer,
Art director |
| Awards | Disney Legend, 2004 |


title: Ralph Campbell Jr.

abstract: Ralph Campbell Jr. was an American politician and auditor who served as the North Carolina State Auditor from 1993 to 2005. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African American to hold statewide elected executive office in North Carolina. Campbell was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, and he attended St. Augustine's College. He graduated with a degree in business administration in 1968, and served in the United States Army Reserve from 1971 until 1977. After leaving the reserve, he worked various government jobs before being elected to the Raleigh City Council in 1985. In 1992, Campbell ran for North Carolina State Auditor and was elected, defeating Republican Vernon Abernethy. Taking office in January 1993, he equipped office staff with desktop computers and field auditors with laptop computers during his first term and pushed for the implementation of an entirely digital auditing system. Campbell conducted several high-profile audits during his tenure, occasionally annoying government workers and other Democrats. Re-elected in 1996 and 2000, he lost a bid for a fourth term to Republican Les Merritt. Leaving office in 2005, Campbell worked as a consultant and served as treasurer of the North Carolina Democratic Party. Campbell was diagnosed with lung cancer in 2010, and he died the following year.

text:
# Ralph Campbell Jr.

**Ralph Campbell Jr.** (December 7, 1946 – January 11, 2011) was an American politician and auditor who served as the North Carolina State Auditor from 1993 to 2005. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African American to hold statewide elected executive office in North Carolina. Campbell was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, and he attended St. Augustine's College. He graduated with a degree in business administration in 1968, and served in the United States Army Reserve from 1971 until 1977. After leaving the reserve, he worked various government jobs before being elected to the Raleigh City Council in 1985.

In 1992, Campbell ran for North Carolina State Auditor and was elected, defeating Republican Vernon Abernethy. Taking office in January 1993, he equipped office staff with desktop computers and field auditors with laptop computers during his first term and pushed for the implementation of an entirely digital auditing system. Campbell conducted several high-profile audits during his tenure, occasionally annoying government workers and other Democrats. Re-elected in 1996 and 2000, he lost a bid for a fourth term to Republican Les Merritt. Leaving office in 2005, Campbell worked as a consultant and served as treasurer of the North Carolina Democratic Party. Campbell was diagnosed with lung cancer in 2010, and he died the following year.

## Early life

Ralph Campbell Jr. was born on December 7, 1946, in Raleigh, North Carolina, United States to Ralph Campbell Sr. and June Kay Campbell. Both of his parents were civil rights activists. His maternal grandmother, Willie Otey Kay, was a prominent dressmaker in Raleigh. Ralph Jr. grew up with two brothers, Bill (who would later serve as Mayor of Atlanta) and Eddie, and one sister, Mildred. In 1960, the elder Campbells requested that the Raleigh School Board admit Ralph Jr., Mildred, and Bill to attend all-white schools. The board allowed Bill to be transferred—and thus become the first black student to attend an all-white public school in the city—but denied the applications for Ralph Jr. and Mildred, citing overcrowding at the junior high school to which they sought admission.

Campbell accompanied his father and sister to the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. After graduating from John W. Ligon High School in 1964, he attended St. Augustine's College, receiving a degree in business administration in 1968. He later took graduate-level business courses at North Carolina Central University.

## Early career

From 1971 until 1977, Campbell served in the United States Army Reserve. After leaving the reserve, he worked as a field auditor for the North Carolina Department of Revenue, and from 1986 to 1990 as a plan auditor for the State Health Benefits Office. In 1990, Campbell took an administrative job in the North Carolina Department of Insurance, holding the job until 1992. In 1985, Campbell was elected to the Raleigh City Council, assuming office on December 3. He was re-elected in 1987, 1989, and 1991. In the city council, he chaired the Law and Finance Committee and Intergovernmental Committee from 1985 to 1989 and served as mayor pro tempore in his final full term from 1989 to 1991. He resigned from the council effective January 1, 1993.

## North Carolina State Auditor

### Election and first term

Campbell decided to run for the office of North Carolina State Auditor in 1992, declaring his candidacy in January. Facing two other candidates in the Democratic Party's primary election, he took a leave of absence from his job in the Department of Insurance and travelled across the state to hold meetings and rallies. He won the May 5 primary, securing the Democratic nomination with 48 percent of the vote, and faced Republican Vernon Abernethy in the general election. Campbell pledged that if he was elected he would create an advisory council for the office and establish a technical assistance program to educate officials in other state agencies on cost-controlling methods. Abernethy emphasized his Certified Public Accountant status and criticized Campbell for lacking accounting experience. Campbell won the general election on November 3, saying, "How sweet it is to be standing with my fellow North Carolinians on the edge of tomorrow \[...\] We have chosen hope over fear." His victory made him the first black person ever elected to a statewide executive office in North Carolina.

Campbell was sworn in as North Carolina State Auditor on January 9, 1993. During his first term he equipped office staff with desktop computers and field auditors with laptop computers and pushed for the implementation of an entirely digital auditing system. He served as head of the state's Information Resource Management Commission and helped determine its policy towards the internet and later reviewed the government's response to the Year 2000 problem. In May 1995 he was involved in a car accident while driving his government-issued vehicle. Campbell was initially charged with driving while impaired, but the police later determined that his blood alcohol content was lower than the level necessary for such a case and dropped the charges while also finding the driver of the other vehicle at fault for the collision.

Ralph Campbell ran for re-election in 1996, pledging that if he re-secured his office he would continue to enhance its technological capabilities. He was challenged by Republican candidate Jack Daly, a law student. Daly and his campaign official, Nate Pendley, accused Campbell of misusing his state vehicle and criticized him for the 1995 collision, saying he should resign from office. Campbell rejected the allegations. He ultimately won re-election with less than 50 percent of the vote, receiving the fewest votes among the Democratic candidates on the Council of State.

### Second term and re-election

Campbell conducted several high-profile audits during his tenure, occasionally annoying government workers and other Democrats. He released a critical audit of North Carolina's mental health services in early 2000, for which he received broad praise, and the report led to the creation of a legislative panel to study the matter. In June he audited the expenses of State Attorney General Mike Easley, who used official funds to pay for public service announcements. The audit cleared Easley of any wrongdoing, but Campbell was accused of protecting Easley by his political opponents, since Easley was a candidate for governor.

For the 2000 Democratic primary contest for state auditor, Pendley recruited a homeless man and client of Daly, Kenneth Campbell, to challenge Ralph Campbell for the nomination. Daly filed Kenneth Campbell's candidacy and paid the associated fees. Daly renewed his candidacy for the auditor's office, and sponsored another former client to run in the primary. Ralph Campbell stated that Kenneth had been deceived, and the latter's candidacy was invalidated by election officials after one asserted that the move was done to confuse voters in the primary. Campbell attended the 2000 Democratic National Convention as a delegate. For his own 2000 campaign, he collected a significant amount of his campaign contributions from Atlanta-area donors, where his brother Bill was serving as mayor. His Republican opponent in the general election, Les Merritt, attempted to tie Ralph Campbell to a federal corruption investigation into Atlanta's city government and turned over his campaign financial disclosures to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Campbell's campaign officials denied any wrongdoing. He won his third term over Merritt in November with 51 percent of the vote.

### Third term and election defeat

In late 2001 Campbell accused the North Carolina Technological Development Authority, a nonprofit designed to promote small technology companies, of wasting its money on frivolous travel and entertainment expenses and excessive salaries. As a result, Easley—who was governor—cut off the organization from state funds and it later filed for bankruptcy. In May 2001, the auditor's office began exploring the cybersecurity vulnerabilities of state computer networks. In December 2002 Campbell was elected president of the National Electronic Commerce Coordinating Council. The following year his office reported on the John A. Hyman Foundation, a nonprofit founded by Congressman Frank Ballance, accusing it of financial improprieties. The audit led to state and federal investigations, and as a result the auditor's office lobbied for increased oversight into nonprofits which received state funds, including the implementation of new financial reporting requirements and the hiring of additional auditors. Following an audit of state juvenile justice facilities, the Department of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention adopted one of Campbell's recommendations and declared that it would create task forces to review the department's reporting and investigative procedures for incidents of abuse.

In March 2004 Campbell released an audit of the North Carolina State Ports Authority which led its chief executive officer to resign and the board of directors to revise its rules regarding credit cards and travel expenses. The following month the auditor's office released a report which accused the North Carolina Medicaid program of misallocating $414 million in federal funding. Campbell sent the audit to state and federal prosecutors for review, and said, "This is the most damaging audit that we have ever had to release in my 11, 12 years as state auditor." The audit led to a public dispute between Campbell and Secretary of the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services Carmen Hooker Odom. Odom denounced the findings during a North Carolina General Assembly committee hearing, asserted that what problems existed would have been fixed if Campbell had followed-up on issues his office discovered in 1997, and stated that she wished to return to the "very good relationship" she had with Campbell before the release of the audit. Campbell followed her presentation by saying, "Let me thank the secretary for her magnanimous gesture of working together as I pull the daggers and the arrows out of my back from the beginning part of that presentation." His comment elicited gasps from the audience, and after he summarized the report, the legislators intensively questioned Odom on the spending of the Medicaid funds. In June he was elected president of the National State Auditors Association.

Merrit challenged Campbell again for the auditor's office in the 2004 election. He criticized Campbell for not fully uncovering the Medicaid problems in 1997. The North Carolina Republican Party attacked Campbell's connections to his brother Bill, who had been indicted in the course of the federal investigation on corruption charges. Campbell lost re-election in November, with Merritt receiving about 28,000 more votes. Campbell believed that his race and some of his audits played a role in his electoral defeat. His office performed about 3,600 audits during his tenure. His tenure ended on January 15, 2005. Another black person was not elected to serve on the Council of State until Mark Robinson was elected Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina in 2020.

## Later life

In March 2005 Campbell became treasurer of the North Carolina Democratic Party. He endorsed Beth Wood, a former employee in the state auditor's office, as the Democratic candidate to challenge Merritt in the 2008 election. After leaving office, Campbell worked as a consultant. In 2010 he was diagnosed with lung cancer. He was admitted to the Duke Raleigh Hospital in January 2011 and died on January 11. Following his death, his body lay in state in the State Capitol rotunda. Governor Beverly Perdue also ordered that all North Carolina flags at state facilities were to be flown at half-staff in his honor. Perdue stated, "His entire life Ralph Campbell was a gift to the people of North Carolina." A funeral was held at St. Ambrose Church in Raleigh on January 15 and he was subsequently buried. On December 7, a library in Raleigh was dedicated in his honor.

### Citations

### Works cited

## InfoBox

| Ralph Campbell Jr. | |
| --- | --- |
| Ralph Campbell Jr., date unknown | |
|  | |
| 15th State Auditor of North Carolina | |
| **In office**
January 9, 1993  January 15, 2005 | |
| Governor | Jim Hunt
Mike Easley |
| Preceded by | Edward Renfrow |
| Succeeded by | Leslie W. Merritt Jr. |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Ralph Campbell Jr.
(1946-12-07)December 7, 1946
Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S. |
| Died | January 11, 2011(2011-01-11) (aged 64)
Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Parents |  |
| Alma mater | St. Augustine's College |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Branch/service | Army Reserve |
| Years of service | 1971–1977 |
|  | |


title: Ralph Caplan

abstract: Ralph Caplan was an American design consultant, writer, and public speaker. Caplan was born in Ambridge, Pennsylvania in January 1925. In 1941, he entered Earlham College for a semester, then enlisted in the Marine Corps. He was 17 years of age at the time. After his discharge from the Marines, Caplan re-entered Earlham College, graduated, and went for his master's degree at Indiana University. He later taught at Wabash College, then moved to New York City, where he became editor of Industrial Design. He left ID to write his first book, a novel, Say Yes, which was loosely inspired by his experience at Earlham and Wabash. Author of By Design: Why There Are No Locks on the Bathroom Doors in the Hotel Louis XIV and Other Object Lessons, Caplan also wrote about design for major design magazines and was a director emeritus of the International Design Conference in Aspen, Colorado. He is the author of The Design of Herman Miller, and was a consultant to that Michigan furniture manufacturer for more than 20 years. His book, Cracking the Whip, published in 2006, is a selection of his essays on design and its side effects. Caplan taught design criticism at the School of Visual Arts in New York, and wrote for various print and online journals. He died in Manhattan, New York from heart failure at the age of 95 in June 2020.

text:
# Ralph Caplan

**Ralph Caplan** (January 4, 1925 – June 4, 2020) was an American design consultant, writer, and public speaker.

Caplan was born in Ambridge, Pennsylvania in January 1925. In 1941, he entered Earlham College for a semester, then enlisted in the Marine Corps. He was 17 years of age at the time.

After his discharge from the Marines, Caplan re-entered Earlham College, graduated, and went for his master's degree at Indiana University. He later taught at Wabash College, then moved to New York City, where he became editor of *Industrial Design*. He left ID to write his first book, a novel, *Say Yes*, which was loosely inspired by his experience at Earlham and Wabash.

Author of *By Design: Why There Are No Locks on the Bathroom Doors in the Hotel Louis XIV and Other Object Lessons*, Caplan also wrote about design for major design magazines and was a director emeritus of the International Design Conference in Aspen, Colorado. He is the author of *The Design of Herman Miller*, and was a consultant to that Michigan furniture manufacturer for more than 20 years. His book, *Cracking the Whip*, published in 2006, is a selection of his essays on design and its side effects.

Caplan taught design criticism at the School of Visual Arts in New York, and wrote for various print and online journals. He died in Manhattan, New York from heart failure at the age of 95 in June 2020.


title: Rallye Aicha des Gazelles

abstract: The Rallye Aïcha des Gazelles du Maroc is a rally which is held in the deserted parts of southern Morocco. The distinctive feature of the rally is that participation is restricted to women only. In 2009, the 20th edition of the rally took place between March 18 and March 26 with the participation of 119 teams of women in the three categories: Quad/Motorbike, 4WD/Truck and Crossover. The rally started in Meknes with the finish-line in Essaouira on the Atlantic coast in southern Morocco.

text:
# Rallye Aicha des Gazelles

The **Rallye Aïcha des Gazelles du Maroc** is a rally which is held in the deserted parts of southern Morocco. The distinctive feature of the rally is that participation is restricted to women only.

In 2009, the 20th edition of the rally took place between March 18 and March 26 with the participation of 119 teams of women in the three categories: Quad/Motorbike, 4WD/Truck and Crossover. The rally started in Meknes with the finish-line in Essaouira on the Atlantic coast in southern Morocco.

## Mode

The Rally consists of one prologue and six legs, all entirely off-road, two of which are marathon legs lasting two days. A total of 2,500 kilometers through dried-out river beds, shock absorber-busting stony plains and the sandy dunes of the western Sahara desert have to be covered by the teams with only a compass and a 1:100,000 scale map to plot their route between checkpoints. GPS, and any kind of binoculars and cell phones are forbidden items. The winner is not the fastest team but the one which has traveled the fewest kilometers on the onboard odometer between checkpoints within a given time frame (distance driven minus straight-line distance). Penalty kilometers are allocated for missed checkpoints and requests for technical assistance. For safety reasons, the teams are constantly monitored by a satellite tracking system.

## History

Dominique Serra, head of the operating agency Maïenga, organized the first women’s rally in 1990. Initially planned as an image campaign and to dispel prejudices, today the Rallye Aïcha des Gazelles is one of the most important motor sport events in Morocco. The 2009 rally took place under the patronage of his Majesty, the Moroccan King Mohammed VI on the occasion of his tenth year of reign. For this reason the coat of arms of the Moroccan Royal Guard was exceptionally attributed to the event this year. King Mohammed VI had – much to the opposition of the fundamentalists and Islamist conservatives – reformed and liberalized family law in favour of women by creating a new family code, the Mudawana, during his 10 years of rulership.

## Environmental responsibility

MAÏENGA and the Rallye Aicha des Gazelles are now officially certified ISO 14001:2004. The Rallye Aïcha des gazelles is the only rally to obtain ISO 14001:2004 Environmental Management Certification in 2010. This international standard guarantees that MAÏENGA has introduced an Environmental Management System (EMS) for integrating environmental policy into its actions and its global management strategy. MAÏENGA’s Environmental Management System was audited by VERITAS, accredited independent certification body, which also audited the Rallye itself, on location in Morocco, to verify the event’s conformity to the EMS. ISO 14001 certification is based on the identification of environmental impacts, possible solutions for improvement, and the introduction of suitable processes.

## Coeur de Gazelles (Heart of Gazelles)

There is no prize money up for grabs for the participants. "The rally isn't just any other race – it's a commitment and dedication", says Dominique Serra. The money generated helps to finance teams of doctors providing medical care for the population in the remote regions of Morocco. Annually and with the infrastructure of the Rally, a medical caravan, including a mobile clinic with 8 doctors, cares for the rural population. This year 4,582 people received free medical care. In addition, aid for children's education has been set up as well as aid for an orphanage for children under six years of age.

## Winners

### 2009

* Categorie 4WD: Team 138 (Corentine Quiniou and Florence Migraine-Bourgnon), Toyota Land Cruiser
* Categorie Crossover/SUV : Team 307 (Anne-Marie Ortola and Jeanette James, Mercedes-Benz Viano)
* Categorie Quad: Team 24 (Isabelle Castel and Elizabeth Kraft, Polaris Sportsman 500)

### 2010

* Categorie 4WD: Team 125, Christine Laloue and Claudine Amat on Land Rover Discovery
* Categorie Crossover: Team 315, Isabelle Charles and Dounia Bennani on Dacia Duster

### 2011

* Categorie 4WD: Team 124, Carole Montillet and Syndiely Wade on NissanSpringbok
* Categorie Crossover/SUV : Team 319, Anneke Voss and Andrea Spielvogel on Mercedes-Benz Vito
* Categorie Quad: Betty Kraft and Caroline Couet-Lannes on Polaris Sportsman 850 xps

### 2012

* Categorie Quad bikes / Motorbikes: Team 20, Dorothée Langlois and France Cleves on Polaris Ranger RZR 800 S
* Categorie 4x4 / Camions : Team 187, Carole Montillet and Julie Verdaguer on Buggy Jugand
* Categorie CROSSOVER: Team 310, Sylvie Husson and Sophie Goset on Dacia Duster

### 2013

* Categorie Quad bikes / Motorbikes: Team 22, Isabelle Charles and Betty Kraft on Polaris Scrambler 850
* Categorie 4x4 / Camions : Team 188, Syndiely Wade and Florence Pham on Isuzu New D-Max
* Categorie CROSSOVER: Team 317, Paulina Hachoud and Anne-Sophie Cally on Dacia Duster

### 2016

* Categorie Quad bikes / Motorbikes: Team 27 – Betty KRAFT and Sonia BAUDOIN-GUERARD (POLARIS France)
* Categorie 4x4 / Truck : Team 179 – Régine ZBINDEN and Ela STEINER (JEEP)
* Categorie CROSSOVER: Team 318 – Viola HERMANN and Vanessa WAGNER (MERCEDES BENZ VANS)
* Categorie Expert Class: Team 407 – Sylvie FRECHES and Carole MONTILLET (SAINT HONORE)


title: Ramakrishna Mission Shilpayatana

abstract:
Ramakrishna Mission Shilpavidyala
(RKMS) is a private Industrial Training Institute and HS Vocational. It has four I.T.I. trade courses - electrician, fitter, turner and welder - under Craftsman Training Scheme (C.T.S.) affiliated to National Council for Vocational Training (N.C.V.T), New Delhi and HS Vocational for the trade Electrical and Computer which is affiliated to W.B. State Council of Technical and Vocational Education and Skill Development.
It was established in sector one 1921,sector two 1963 as a Government Sponsored Junior Technical School, during the birth centenary celebrations of Swami Vivekananda. Swamiji is the greatest and most remarkable philosopher sage and karma yogi one comes across in modern India, who sailed to the United States in 1893 to find means for the material development of the masses of India. He represented Hinduism at the Chicago Parliament of Religions. This institution has been nurtured with Swami Vivekananda's ideas to help build a bridge for the masses, especially in rural India, to connect to modern industry. Hundreds of youth who would otherwise have had no scope to go in for higher education have been trained by us in skills and are gainfully employed in various well-known industries.
It is located in Belur Math, P.O. Belur Math, D.T. Howrah, Pin- 711202, Belur, West Bengal.

text:
# Ramakrishna Mission Shilpayatana

Ramakrishna Mission Shilpavidyala (Ramakrishna Mission Shilpayatana) (RKMS) is a private Industrial Training Institute and (**Govt. Aided) HS Vocational**. It has four I.T.I. trade courses - electrician, fitter, turner and welder (gas & electric) - under Craftsman Training Scheme (C.T.S.) affiliated to National Council for Vocational Training (N.C.V.T), New Delhi and **HS Vocational for the trade Electrical and Computer** which is affiliated to W.B. State Council of Technical and Vocational Education and Skill Development (WBSTC & VE & SD). It was established in sector one 1921,sector two 1963 as a Government Sponsored Junior Technical School, during the birth centenary celebrations of Swami Vivekananda. Swamiji is the greatest and most remarkable philosopher sage and karma yogi one comes across in modern India, who sailed to the United States in 1893 to find means for the material development of the masses of India. He represented Hinduism at the Chicago Parliament of Religions. This institution has been nurtured with Swami Vivekananda's ideas to help build a bridge for the masses, especially in rural India, to connect to modern industry. Hundreds of youth who would otherwise have had no scope to go in for higher education have been trained by us in skills and are gainfully employed in various well-known industries. It is located in Belur Math, P.O. Belur Math, D.T. Howrah, Pin- 711202, Belur, West Bengal.

## Special note

W.e.f. August 2019 session, as per DGT order, Ramakrishna Mission Shilpayatana is now merged into Ramakrishna Mission Shilpavidyalaya Belurmath. All trades affiliated to Shilpayatana will be conducted under the name Shilpavidyalaya. Location of the campus is also unchanged.

## History

In the Second Meeting of Ramakrishna Mission Association at Calcutta on 5 May 1897 presided by Swami Vivekananda, the following two were included while stating the objectives of the Mission: i) to train men so as to make them competent to teach such knowledge and sciences as are conductive to the material and spiritual welfare of the masses. ii) to promote and encourage arts and industries.

* To fulfill Swamiji’s dream, Ramakrishna Mission established an Industrial School in the year 1921 at Belur Math.
* In 1963 Ramakrishna Mission Shilpayatana was established as a Government Sponsored Junior Technical School.
* In the early 1990s, the Junior Technical School courses were abandoned and four new I.T.I. trade courses - Electrician, Fitter, Turner and Welder(Gas & Electric) - were started under Craftsman Training Scheme (CTS) affiliated to National Council for Vocational Training (N.C.V.T), New Delhi. The institute was recognized as a Government Sponsored Industrial Training Centre.
* Parallel to these above developments, in the year 1976, H.S. Vocational stream was started under the West Bengal Higher Secondary Council and continued up to 2005. The Government of West Bengal next formed a new Statutory Body called West Bengal State Council of Vocational Education and Training (W.B.S.C.V.E.& T.). Under this council, two 10+2 level courses called Higher Secondary (Vocational) course in Engineering and Technology Stream are now conducted in this institute - a) Maintenance and Repair of Electrical Domestic Appliances and b) Computer application and Maintenance. Students undergoing this scheme are eligible for lateral entry into second year of Diploma Courses.
* Short term courses (Modular Employability Skills or M.E.S.) were also started under Skill Development Initiative Scheme(SDIS) of D.G.E.&T., Government of India. These courses are of 120 hours or 3 months duration. Two courses are now conducted under this scheme - a) Basic Electrical Training and b) Rewinding of AC/DC Motors.
* The institute has been granted self-financing status and has now been converted into a Private Industrial Training Institute w.e.f. 1 November 2013 as per D.G.E.&T. Norms.

## Courses

There are two sections in the institute - I.T.I. and H.S. (Vocational)

### Schemes running in the institute under NCVT

| Name of the Scheme | Total Capacity | Duration | Admitted in current Financial year | Current Status |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Craftsmen Training Scheme | 74 | 2 year/1 year | yes | In progress up to July 2014 |
| Modular Employable Scheme | 40 | 3 months | yes | Admissions in hold as per directive of the SSDIS, West Bengal |
| Other Schemes | - | - | - | - |

### Trades Affiliated to NCVT

| Name of the Trade(linked to the respective Syllabus with DGET website) | No. of units | Shifts Running (I/II/III) | Seating Capacity per Unit | Total Seating Capacity | Affiliation Date/ Copy of DGET order Link (SCANNED) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Welding | I | I | 16 | 16 |
| Fitter | I | I | 21 | 21 |
| Turner | I | I | 16 | 16 |
| Draughtsman Civil | I | I | 16 | 16 |
| Draughtsman Mechanical | I | I | 16 | 16 |
| Electrician | I | I | 21 | 21 |
| Electronics | I | I | 16 | 16 |
|

### Higher Secondary (Vocational) Courses under WBSCVE&T

| Trade | Intake Capacity | Main Subjects | Other Subjects |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Electrical Maintenance & Installation Group(ETEM) | 25 | Maintenance & Repair of ElectricalDomestic Appliances (MREDA) Electrical Wiring & Installation of Motors (EWIM) | Communicative English, Bengali, Basic Science(PCM), Workshop Practices, Technical Drawing, Entrepreneurship Basic Engg. Theory, Engineering Mechanics |
| Computer Maintenance & Networking Group (ETCM) | 25 | Basic Computer Maintenance & Networking(BCMN) Introduction to Visual Basic & its Application(IVBA) | -same as above- |

## Admission Criteria

### I.T.I.

A one-hour written test (medium is English/Bengali) is conducted for a total of 50 marks based on Maths, Physics, Chemistry and English of the entry qualification level. Shortlisted candidates are called for interview before the finalizing of the list of selected candidates. Forms will be available after the publication of the West Bengal Class X (Madhyamik) Results around May–June.

Interested candidates may collect the forms from the institute's office or download from this website and submit by hand at the office. Enquires by phone are discouraged. All information will be displayed at the institute's notice board and the Official website (http://www.itirkmbelur.ac.in).

| Name of the I.T.I. Trade under NCVT | Duration of Training | Eligibility Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Welder (G&E) | 1 year | Class VIII |
| Turner | 2 years | Class X (Madhyamik) |
| Fitter | 2 years | Class X (Madhyamik) |
| Electrician | 2 years | Class X (Madhyamik) |

### Higher Secondary (Vocational)

Forms will be available after the publication of the West Bengal Class X (Madhyamik) Results around May–June. Shortlisted candidates are called for interview before the finalizing of the list of selected candidates.

Interested candidates may collect the forms from the institute's office or download from this website and submit by hand at the office. Enquires by phone are discouraged. All information will be displayed at the institute's notice board and the Official website (http://www.itirkmbelur.ac.in).

| Name of the HS (Vocational) Trade under WBSCVET | Duration of Training | Eligibility Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Computer (ETCM) | 2 years | Class X (Madhyamik) |
| Electrician (ETEM) | 2 years | Class X (Madhyamik) |

## Uniform

The school of Ramakrishna Mission Shilpavidyala (Ramakrishna Mission Shilpayatana) uniform is navy blue pant with Sky shirt.

## Golden Jubilee

Ramakrishna Mission Shilpavidyala (Ramakrishna Mission Shilpayatana) celebrated a Golden Jubilee Ceremony on 23 February 2014.

> Thanks to all students and ex-students, Instructors and ex-Instructors, and well-wishers of Shilpayatana who attended the Golden Jubilee Inaugural Function in Vivekananda Sabhagriha at Belur Math campus at 3.30 p.m. We were blessed by the holy presence of Srimat Swami Smarananandaji Maharaj, Vice-President of Ramakrishna Math & Ramakrishna Mission, and also Srimat Swami Sarvadevanandaji and Srimat Swami Girishanandaji, all of whom were intimately connected with Shilpayatana during these five decades!
>
> A message from Ramakrishna Mission Shilpayatana, via the official website

Merger of ITI in West Bengal (0.36 MB) - NCVT Mis

*
* pmjdy.gov.in was first indexed by Google in October 2014
*

## InfoBox

| Ramakrishna Mission Shilpavidyala (Ramakrishna Mission Shilpayatana) | |
| --- | --- |
| Emblem | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Belur Math, Howrah district, West Bengal, India | |
| Coordinates | 22°37′58″N 88°21′10″E / 22.632639°N 88.352801°E / 22.632639; 88.352801 |
| Information | |
| Motto | *Atmano mokshartham jagat hitaya cha*
(*आत्मनो मोक्षार्थं जगद्धिताय च*)
(আত্মো মোক্ষার্থম জগৎ হিতায়া চ)
(*For one’s own salvation and for the welfare of the world*) |
| Established | * Sector One 1921 * Sector Two 1963 |
| Principal | **Swami Gunindrananda.** |
| Campus | Urban |
| Color(s) | uniform Blue, Sky |
| Athletics |  |
| Affiliations | Ramakrishna Mission Shilpayatana
**National Council for Vocational Training(NCVT)**for Industrial training institute / ITI
**West Bengal State Council of Vocational Education and Training(WBSCVT)** for (Higher Secondary Vocational) |
| Administration Staff | * + **Br. Nageshachaitanya.** * + **Br. Ranajit.** * + **Sumit Bhattacharyya.** * + **Kamal Maity.** * + **Nandadulal Mandal.** * + **Bikash Chaudhuri.** * + **Samiran Chakraborty.** * + **Bharat Chandra Roy.** * + **Kanchan Chakraborty.** * + **Jagat Kumar Das.** * + **Pashupati Nath Mukherjee.** * + **Sri Sourav Banerjee.** * + **Sri Srimanta Chakraborty.** |
| Website | www.itirkmbelur.ac.in |


title: Ramchandra Bhikaji Gunjikar

abstract:
Ramchandra Bhikaji Gunjikar was a Marathi writer from the Bombay Presidency in British India. He was born on 10 April 1843 in the town of Jamboti in Belgaum District. He graduated in 1864 from Elphinstone High School in Mumbai, and started teaching in the same school three years later. In 1888, he assumed the headmaster's position in the Anglo-vernacular High School in Hubli, and moved on four years later to be an assistant deputy educational inspector for Belagaum district. In 1867, Gunjikar became the first editor of the monthly Wiwidha Dnyan Wistar (विविधज्ञानविस्तार)
which was founded with the objective of disseminating information on varied topics, including sciences, biographies, literary criticisms, and philosophical/ethical ideas. He stayed in that position for seven years to turn the magazine into a prestigious monthly. His proficiency in Sanskrit, Marathi, Gujarati, Kannada, Bengali, and English languages helped him in his editorial and literary works. His articles included ones on Marathi poetry, Marathi grammar, and Marathi as a language.
He also invented a Marathi shorthand script. Gunjikar became the first historic novelist in Marathi literature when he wrote the novel Mochangad (मोचनगड) in 1871. The novel vividly describes life in Maharashtra in the first half of the 17th century. He died before he could finish his second historic novel Godawari (गोदावरी) pertaining to Portuguese rule in Goa.

text:
# Ramchandra Bhikaji Gunjikar

**Ramchandra Bhikaji Gunjikar** (Devanagari: रामचंद्र भिकाजी गुंजीकर) (10 April 1843 – 18 June 1901) was a Marathi writer from the Bombay Presidency in British India.

He was born on 10 April 1843 in the town of Jamboti in Belgaum District.

He graduated in 1864 from Elphinstone High School in Mumbai, and started teaching in the same school three years later. In 1888, he assumed the headmaster's position in the Anglo-vernacular High School in Hubli, and moved on four years later to be an assistant deputy educational inspector for Belagaum district.

In 1867, Gunjikar became the first editor of the monthly *Wiwidha Dnyan Wistar* (विविधज्ञानविस्तार) which was founded with the objective of disseminating information on varied topics, including sciences, biographies, literary criticisms, and philosophical/ethical ideas. He stayed in that position for seven years to turn the magazine into a prestigious monthly. His proficiency in Sanskrit, Marathi, Gujarati, Kannada, Bengali, and English languages helped him in his editorial and literary works. His articles included ones on Marathi poetry, Marathi grammar, and Marathi as a language. He also invented a Marathi shorthand script.

Gunjikar became the first historic novelist in Marathi literature when he wrote the novel *Mochangad* (मोचनगड) in 1871. The novel vividly describes life in Maharashtra in the first half of the 17th century. He died before he could finish his second historic novel *Godawari* (गोदावरी) pertaining to Portuguese rule in Goa.

## Literary work

The following is a list of titles of Gunjikar's major works:

* मोचनगड (1871)
* रोमकेतुविजया (Translation of Shakespeare's play *Romeo and Juliet*) (1872)
* कौमुदीमहोत्साह (Translation of Bhattoji Dikshit's Sanskrit volumes titled सिद्धान्तकौमुदी concerning Sanskrit grammar) (1877–79)
* लाघवी लिपी किंवा अतित्वरेने लिहिण्याची युक्ती (1878)
* सरस्वती मंडळ (1884)
* भ्रमनिरास (1884)
* सुबोधचंद्रिका (A critique in Marathi on Sanskrit *Bhagavad Gita* (1884)
* सौभाग्यरत्नमाला (1886)
* कन्नडपरिज्ञान (1895)
* अभिज्ञान शाकुंतल (Translation of Kalidas's Sanskrit play *Abhijñānaśākuntalam*)
* रामचंद्रिका

* रामचंद्र भिकाजी गुंजीकर : संकलित लेख - संपादक : अ.का.प्रियोळकर (Book in Marathi containing a compilation of Gunjikar's essays)


title: Ramchandra Chandravanshi

abstract: Ramchandra Chandravanshi is the state legislative assembly member from Bishrampur. In the 2014 general election, he was elected as MLA of Bishrampur as Bharatiya Janata Party candidate. He is health minister in the Government of Jharkhand. He was MLA of Bishrampur from Rashtriya Janata Dal party from 2005 to 2009.

text:
# Ramchandra Chandravanshi

**Ramchandra Chandravanshi** is the state legislative assembly member from Bishrampur. In the 2014 general election, he was elected as MLA of Bishrampur as Bharatiya Janata Party candidate. He is health minister in the Government of Jharkhand. He was MLA of Bishrampur from Rashtriya Janata Dal party from 2005 to 2009.

## InfoBox

| Ramchandra Chandravanshi | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Jharkhand Legislative Assembly Bishrampur | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
2014 | |
| Preceded by | Chandra Shekhar Dubey |
| **In office**
2005–2009 | |
| Succeeded by | Chandra Shekhar Dubey |
| Minister for Health, Medical Education & Family Welfare | |
| **In office**
2014–2019 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Political party | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| Parent | * Sahdev Chandravanshi (father) |
| Residence(s) | Garhwa, Jharkhand |
| Education | I.SC, GLA COLLEGE, Daltonganj |
| Occupation | Politician |
| As of 25 October 2019 | |


title: Randal F. Dickey

abstract: Randal F. Dickey was a United States politician. Dickey was born in Trenton, Kansas. During World War I, he served in the United States Navy. He subsequently served in the California legislature; from 1947 to 1951, he was Republican Floor Leader of the California State Assembly.

text:
# Randal F. Dickey

**Randal F. Dickey** (July 5, 1899  October 16, 1975) was a United States politician.

Dickey was born in Trenton, Kansas. During World War I, he served in the United States Navy. He subsequently served in the California legislature; from 1947 to 1951, he was Republican Floor Leader of the California State Assembly.

1. Join California: Election history for the state of California. Accessed 27 June 2013
2. Vassar, Alexander C. (2011). *Legislators of California* (PDF). Retrieved 23 November 2016.

## InfoBox

| Randal F. Dickey | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the California State Assembly
from the 14th district | |
| **In office**
January 6, 1941 - January 7, 1957 | |
| Preceded by | George P. Miller |
| Succeeded by | Robert W. Crown |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1899-07-05)July 5, 1899
Trenton, Kansas |
| Died | October 16, 1975(1975-10-16) (aged 76) |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Helen A. Dickey |
| Children | 3 |
| Military service | |
| Branch/service | United States Navy |
| Battles/wars | World War I |
|  | |


title: Randal C. Picker

abstract: Randal C. Picker is an American legal scholar who is currently the James Parker Hall Distinguished Service Professor of Law at the University of Chicago Law School. He is an expert in antitrust law and intellectual property law. His areas of interest also include law and economics, regulated industries, and bankruptcy law.

text:
# Randal C. Picker

**Randal C. Picker** is an American legal scholar who is currently the James Parker Hall Distinguished Service Professor of Law at the University of Chicago Law School. He is an expert in antitrust law and intellectual property law. His areas of interest also include law and economics, regulated industries, and bankruptcy law.

## Life and career

Picker graduated from the University of Chicago with a B.A. *cum laude* in 1980, majoring in economics. He was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. He continued his studies at Chicago and graduated with a M.A. as a Freidman fellow in 1982. In 1985, he graduated with a J.D. *cum laude* from the University of Chicago Law School, where he was an associate editor of the *University of Chicago Law Review*.

After graduating from law school, Picker clerked for Judge Richard A. Posner on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. Between 1986 and 1999, he practised as an attorney at Sidley & Austin in Chicago, where he worked in the areas of debt restructuring and corporate reorganizations in bankruptcy.

Picker joined the faculty at the University of Chicago Law School in 1989. He has written in the areas of intellectual property, antitrust policy and regulated industries, and applications of game theory and agent-based computer simulations to the law. He teaches classes in antitrust law, network industries, secured transactions, and bankruptcy and corporate reorganizations.

## InfoBox

| Randal C. Picker | |
| --- | --- |
| Education | University of Chicago (B.A., M.A.)
University of Chicago Law School (J.D.)
 |
| Employer | University of Chicago Law School |
| Known for | Antitrust law and intellectual property law |


title: Randal Crowder

abstract: Randal Crowder is an American politician who served in the New Mexico House of Representatives to 2015 to 2023, where he represented the 64th district.

text:
# Randal Crowder

**Randal Crowder** (born July 12, 1950) is an American politician who served in the New Mexico House of Representatives to 2015 to 2023, where he represented the 64th district.

## InfoBox

| Randal Crowder | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the
New Mexico House of Representatives
from the 64th district | |
| **In office**
January 1, 2015  January 1, 2023 | |
| Preceded by | Anna Crook |
| Succeeded by | Andrea Reeb |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1950-07-12) July 12, 1950 |
| Political party | Republican |
|  | |


title: Ram Aur Shyam (1996 film)

abstract: Ram Aur Shyam is a 1996 Hindi Action film of Bollywood directed and produced by Raju Mavani. This movie was released on 20 December 1996 under the banner of Jay Raj Productions. This is the debut film of actor Samrat Mukerji.

text:
# Ram Aur Shyam (1996 film)

***Ram Aur Shyam*** is a 1996 Hindi Action film of Bollywood directed and produced by Raju Mavani. This movie was released on 20 December 1996 under the banner of Jay Raj Productions. This is the debut film of actor Samrat Mukerji.

## Plot

Scientist Roshni Raman has discovered an important scientific formula. But she was abducted by the gang of "Jabar" and subsequently taken by force by "Tatar", another anti-national Don. Tatar is a very powerful person who has the police and politicians on his payroll. Roshni's mother could not be satisfied by the activities of the police and appoints a young fellow, "Ram", to locate and rescue Roshni. On the other hand, Jabar hires Shyam to find Roshni and bring her to him. Both men must now not only confront each other, but also the invincible Tatar.

## Cast

## Music

1. "Ajab Ho Tum" - Kumar Sanu, Alka Yagnik
2. "Bindu Re Bindu" - Anu Malik, Parveen Saba
3. "Ek Nazar Dekha Tujhe" - Kumar Sanu, Alka Yagnik
4. "Pyar Kis Se Karen" - Kumar Sanu
5. "Sajna Tere Bina" - Sadhana Sargam, Poornima
6. "Yaad Piya Ki Aaye" - Udit Narayan, Poornima

## InfoBox

| Ram Aur Shyam | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Raju Mavani |
| Written by | Anirudh Tiwari |
| Produced by | Raju Mavani |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Sanjay Malvankar |
| Edited by | A. Muthu |
| Music by | Anu Malik |
| Release date | * 20 December 1996 (1996-12-20) |
| Running time | 129 min |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi |
| Budget | 1,75,00,000 |
| Box office | 1,47,50,000 |


title: Ranisstorum

abstract: Ranisstorum was an Ancient Roman fort located east of Sarmizegetusa, the former capital of the old kingdom of Dacia. The exact location of this fortification is now lost, but it is possible that it was the present location called Sub Cununi, near Gradistea de Munte in Romania. In 106 AD, Tiberius Claudius Maximus, of the Roman army, captured a fugitive Dacian king Decebalus. Moments afterwards the king committed suicide in order not to be captured alive and suffer the same humiliation as Vercingetorix. Maximus cut off Decebalus' head and right hand and brought them on a shield to Emperor Trajan, who was camped at that time at this fort. As a result of this action, Maximus was made decurion and was given a second medal for bravery.

text:
# Ranisstorum

**Ranisstorum** was an Ancient Roman fort located east of Sarmizegetusa, the former capital of the old kingdom of Dacia. The exact location of this fortification is now lost, but it is possible that it was the present location called Sub Cununi, near Gradistea de Munte in Romania.

In 106 AD, Tiberius Claudius Maximus, of the Roman army, captured a fugitive Dacian king Decebalus. Moments afterwards the king committed suicide in order not to be captured alive and suffer the same humiliation as Vercingetorix. Maximus cut off Decebalus' head and right hand and brought them on a shield to Emperor Trajan, who was camped at that time at this fort. As a result of this action, Maximus was made decurion and was given a second medal for bravery (the first was received from Emperor Domitian in 87 AD).


title: Ram Raheem

abstract: Ram Raheem is a 1974 Indian Telugu-language drama film, produced by K. R. V. Prasad Rao under the Raja Lakshmi Combines banner and directed by B. A. Subba Rao. It stars Nandamuri Balakrishna and Nandamuri Harikrishna with music composed by S. Rajeswara Rao.

text:
# Ram Raheem

***Ram Raheem*** is a 1974 Indian Telugu-language drama film, produced by K. R. V. Prasad Rao under the Raja Lakshmi Combines banner and directed by B. A. Subba Rao. It stars Nandamuri Balakrishna and Nandamuri Harikrishna with music composed by S. Rajeswara Rao.

## Plot

The film is based on friendship beyond caste, creed, and religion. It also proclaims, *A true friend in need is a friend indeed*. Ram & Rahim are best friends studying in the same school. Rajayya, the father of Ram, is a truck driver who serves as an honorable-seeming hoodlum Jagan Mohan Rao. Since Rajayya has a vice and is worry-free, his family leads an impoverished life. Thus, his wife Lakshmi works as a maid in a few houses for their survival. However, Rajayya torments them and dissipates Lakshmi's efforts. All the time, Rahim supports and shields Ram. He is the son of Inspector Khan, one that lives mirthfully, which vexes Ram to hit against his own. Near their school, the duo maintains cordial relations with a beggar, Sivaram. As worse comes and completely stuck under the furnace of hardship, Lakshmi attempts suicide. Ram & Rahim rescue her and words to turn the family.

During that plight, Ram quits his education and pulls a rickshaw for his livelihood. Besides, Syam, the son of a millionaire, loves Ram's sister Radha. Here, Ram & Rahim play an act and get approval for their wedding. Later, Syam realizes he is a foster child of his parents and decides to seek the whereabouts of his biological parents. Anyhow, Syam falls into the clutches of Jagan Mohan Rao's gang. In their school function, Sivaram revolts against Jagan Mohan Rao, and he dumps him as insane. Accordingly, Ram & Rahim seek his reality when Sivaram spins back. Indeed, he is a tycoon when Jagan Mohan Rao abducts his son, grabs his wealth, and vanishes the boy. Now Ram & Rahim are aware of Syam's missing case and start digging when they know he is the son of Sivaram. As it happens, the Police Department uses Ram & Rahim as bait and schemes to catch hold of gangsters. Jagan Mohan Rao entices Radha and attempts to molest her. Rajayya spots it, reforms, and guards her. At last, Ram & Rahim cease the baddies and reunite everyone. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note, with the government rewarding them and providing job opportunities after the complications of their education.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

| Ram Raheem | |
| --- | --- |
| Film score by S. Rajeswara Rao | |
| Released | 1974 |
| Genre | Soundtrack |
| Length | 19:34 |
| Label | EMI Columbia |
| Producer | S. Rajeswara Rao |

Music composed by S. Rajeswara Rao. Music released on EMI Columbia Audio Company.

| S. No. | Song Title | Lyrics | Singers | length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Nenu Kathula Rathayahnule" | Dasaradhi | Mohammed Rafi, Madhavapeddi Ramesh | 3:00 |
| 2 | "Kalale Kannanu" | Dasaradhi | P. Susheela | 3:43 |
| 3 | "Egire Gaali Pataaniki" | C. Narayana Reddy | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela | 3:17 |
| 4 | "Prapancha Mantha Jhutta" | Samudrala Jr. | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam | 3:10 |
| 5 | "Rickshaw Tokkaaliraa" | Kosaraju | Madhavapeddi Ramesh | 3:24 |
| 6 | "Yunaani Hakin Hum" | Dasaradhi | Mohammed Rafi, Madhavapeddi Ramesh | 3:00 |

## InfoBox

| Ram Raheem | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | B. A. Subba Rao |
| Written by | Samudrala Jr (dialogues) |
| Screenplay by | B. A. Subba Rao |
| Story by | Prasad |
| Produced by | K. R. V. Prasad Rao |
| Starring | Nandamuri Balakrishna
Nandamuri Harikrishna |
| Cinematography | P. Ellappa |
| Edited by | K. A. Martand |
| Music by | S. Rajeswara Rao |
| Production
company | Raja Lakshmi Combines |
| Release date | * 12 December 1974 (1974-12-12) |
| Running time | 110 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Telugu |


title: Ram Pyari Mahal

abstract: The Ram Pyari Mahal is an early 20th-century palace in Gujrat District, Punjab, Pakistan.

text:
# Ram Pyari Mahal

The **Ram Pyari Mahal** is an early 20th-century palace in Gujrat District, Punjab, Pakistan.

## History

Ram Pyari Mahal was built by contractor Sundar Das Chopra in 1918 for his third wife, Ram Pyari. The adjacent street, originally named Ram Pyari Road, now forms part of the Circular Road skirting Sohni Bazaar, known for its pottery and ceramics in the Walled City.

Following the migration of Ram Pyari's family to India amid the 1947 riots and partition, the building was temporarily repurposed to serve as a hostel for the Government Fatima Jinnah College.

In 2021, it was converted into a museum.

## Architecture

The Mahal's design showcases Greek and Indian influences, with the façade, Doric and Corinthian pillars reflecting Greek architectural orders. The floor, laid with Indian tiles, and walls, adorned with French tiles, add to the structure's unique style.

The building has over 40 rooms and four basements.


title: Ranked alphabet

abstract:
In theoretical computer science and formal language theory, a ranked alphabet is a pair of an ordinary alphabet F and a function Arity: F→ N. Each letter in F has its arity so it can be used to build terms. Nullary elements are also called constants. Terms built with unary symbols and constants can be considered as strings. Higher arities lead to proper trees. For instance, in the term
  - f, a,b,c are constants, g is unary, and f is ternary. Contrariwise,
  - f cannot be a valid term, as the symbol f appears once as binary, and once as unary, which is illicit, as Arity must be a function.

text:
# Ranked alphabet

In theoretical computer science and formal language theory, a **ranked alphabet** is a pair of an ordinary alphabet *F* and a function *Arity*: *F*→ $\mathbb {N} $. Each letter in *F* has its arity so it can be used to build terms. Nullary elements (of zero arity) are also called **constants**. Terms built with unary symbols and constants can be considered as strings. Higher arities lead to proper trees.

For instance, in the term

$f(a,g(a),f(a,b,c))$,

*a,b,c* are constants, *g* is unary, and *f* is ternary.

Contrariwise,

$$f(a,f(a))$$

cannot be a valid term, as the symbol *f* appears once as binary, and once as unary, which is illicit, as *Arity* must be a function.

* Comon, Hubert; Dauchet, Max; Gilleron, Rémi; Jacquemard, Florent; Lugiez, Denis; Löding, Christof; Tison, Sophie; Tommasi, Marc (November 2008). "Preliminaries". *Tree Automata Techniques and Applications* (PDF). Retrieved 11 February 2014.


title: Ramblewood East, Coral Springs, Florida

abstract: Ramblewood East is a former census-designated place (CDP) in Broward County, Florida, United States. The population was 1,395 at the 2000 census. It is now incorporated as a community of Coral Springs, Florida.

text:
# Ramblewood East, Coral Springs, Florida

**Ramblewood East** is a former census-designated place (CDP) in Broward County, Florida, United States. The population was 1,395 at the 2000 census. It is now incorporated as a community of Coral Springs, Florida.

## Geography

Ramblewood East is located at 26°16′50″N 80°14′42″W / 26.28056°N 80.24500°W / 26.28056; -80.24500 (26.280508, -80.244959).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.2 km2 (0.077 sq mi), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,395 people, 812 households, and 349 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 5,984.6 people/km2 (15,500 people/sq mi). There were 929 housing units at an average density of 3,985.4 units/km2 (10,322 units/sq mi). The racial makeup of the CDP was 87.60% White (72.7% were Non-Hispanic White,) 4.59% African American, 0.14% Native American, 1.86% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 3.58% from other races, and 2.15% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 19.71% of the population.

There were 812 households, out of which 14.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.4% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 57.0% were non-families. 52.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 32.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.72 and the average family size was 2.48.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 13.4% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 13.5% from 45 to 64, and 40.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 69.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 66.2 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $23,407, and the median income for a family was $26,454. Males had a median income of $26,875 versus $24,352 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,266. About 11.3% of families and 14.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.7% of those under age 18 and 12.5% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2000, English as a first language accounted for 69.91% of all residents, while Spanish made up 26.99%, and Yiddish was the mother tongue of 3.09% of the population.

1. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
2. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
3. "Demographics of Ramblewood East, FL". MuniNetGuide.com. Retrieved 2007-11-17.
4. "MLA Data Center Results for Ramblewood East, FL". Modern Language Association. Retrieved 2007-11-17.

## InfoBox

| Ramblewood East, Florida | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighborhood | |
| Ramblewood East, FloridaRamblewood East, Florida | |
| Coordinates: 26°16′50″N 80°14′42″W / 26.28056°N 80.24500°W / 26.28056; -80.24500 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Florida |
| County | Broward |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.1 sq mi (0.2 km2) |
| Land | 0.1 sq mi (0.2 km2) |
| Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 1,395 |
| Density | 14,932.7/sq mi (5,765.5/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| FIPS code | 12-59512 |


title: Kaitō Tenshi Twin Angel

abstract: Kaitō Tenshi Twin Angel is a series of slot machine games from TRIVY Corporation, and later Sammy. It has been adapted into a manga and two anime series.

text:
# Kaitō Tenshi Twin Angel

***Kaitō Tenshi Twin Angel*** (快盗天使ツインエンジェル, *Kaitō Tenshi Tsuin Enjeru*, lit. *Phantom Thief Angels: Twin Angel*) is a series of slot machine games from TRIVY Corporation, and later Sammy. It has been adapted into a manga and two anime series.

## Plot

Haruka and Aoi are a pair of friends who become the magical Twin Angels in order to fight off evil as the Red and Blue Angels. Their story revolves heavily around tracking down and protecting Seven Amulets; magical pieces of jewelry capable of generating immense power when assembled from a mysterious man known only as Black Trader and his subordinates. They are eventually joined by Kurumi the White Angel.

In the new season, Kurumi (in the form of a hedgehog) seeks the help of Meguri Amatsuki and Sumire Kisaragi as the Rose and Sapphire Twin Angels-in-training, when Haruka and Aoi go missing. This story is about hunting down a mysterious woman known as Mary and her pawns that aim to revive a demon ruler by collecting medals contained with innocent energy sources.

## Characters

### Protagonists

Haruka Minazuki (水無月 遥, *Minazuki Haruka*) Voiced by: Yukari Tamura The spunky and energetic red-headed protagonist. Haruka has a caring, get-going sort of personality that compels her to seek out and help people even when not asked. She is prone to being occasionally ditzy and air-headed but is generally quite wise and worldly. Her alias is Red Angel. She mainly attacks using superhuman strength, agility, and powerful kicks enhanced by red flames which add jet-propulsion to her kicks. Her main attack is the Angel Tornado a powerful flying kick. Aoi Kannazuki (神無月 葵, *Kannazuki Aoi*) Voiced by: Mamiko Noto A quiet and polite girl with blue hair. Aoi is the reserved foil to Haruka and occasionally the voice of reason. She comes from a very rich and respected family, her grandmother is their private school's principal and the previous Angel in her position. She is also well attended to by a one-eyed warrior butler named Heinojou who has a habit of appearing out of nowhere to tend to her. Her alias is Blue Angel. She attacks using a magical bow and arrow called Angel Arrow which can produce infinite arrows that can split upon firing. Kurumi Hazuki (葉月 クルミ, *Hazuki Kurumi*) Voiced by: Rie Kugimiya A young genius with black hair and green eyes, she is Aoi's distant cousin who transferred straight from St. Bernardi elementary in Italy. She has a *tsundere* personality. She takes great pride in her and Aoi's work as Twin Angel and often bumps heads with Haruka who she feels is too crude and weak to be Aoi's partner. She grows to like her as well however. Her alias is White Angel. She apparently doesn't require a Poketen (a hand-held device needed for transformation) to transform. She fights using cat-faced gunpowder bombs. Tenshi-chan (天使ちゃん) Voiced by: Saori Sakura The spirit living inside their poketens, the magical devices the girls use to transform. Yuito Kisaragi (如月 唯人, *Kisaragi Yuito*) / Misty Knight (ミスティナイト, *Misuti Naito*) Voiced by: Nobuyuki Hiyama The handsome school president. He assists the Twin Angels as a Tuxedo Mask-inspired hero. His main weapons are blue roses he apparently cuts from folded paper. Haruka has a crush on him. He often acts as a Deus Ex Machina either working off-screen to happily resolve a conflict or rendering assistance at exactly the right moments. He is apparently from a rich family yet much of his time is spent doing odd and occasionally humiliating part-time jobs.

### St. Cherine Academy

Yayoi Shinmon (新門 弥生, *Shinmon Yayoi*) Voiced by: Yukari Minegishi A member of the school newspaper club, she has brown pigtails and glasses. She constantly tries to photograph big scoops mostly involving Twin Angel but all her photos either come out blurry or out of focus. Nyan Tomochi (戸持 娘, *Tomochi Nyan*) Voiced by: Saori Goto A young green-haired girl who wears a distinctive beanie with cat ears. She is a typical clumsy girl. She takes care of a magical giant Japanese salamander. Ms. Saijo (西条 先生, *Saijo-Sensei*) / Black Carrier (ブラック キャリア, *Burakku Kyaria*) Voiced by: Yuu Asakawa The lonely school teacher of Twin Angel. She is in her late twenties and is wracked by fears that she will never get married and earning enough money to make a living. She is eventually hired by Black Trader as Black Carrier. She is a formidable fighter in hand-to-hand and employs her own set of robots. Despite that she is very caring and noble, she avoids committing any serious crime and even cleans up any destruction she causes. She falls in love with Black Trader but gives up on him when she realizes that he is not a good person.

### Recurring antagonists

Salome (サロメ, *Sarome*) Voiced by: Ryoko Shintani A gothic-lolita dressed blonde girl who served as the Twin Angel's first opponent before she was fired and exiled to the South Pole by Black Trader. She fought entirely using specially constructed giant robots. She is assisted by her bumbling, masochistic servant Alexander who is infatuated with her. She neither particularly abusive or ungrateful towards him but he seems to enjoy throwing himself into unpleasant circumstances for her sake. Tesla Violet (テスラ・ヴァイオレット, *Tesura Vaioretto*) / Nine Violet (ナイン・ヴァイオレット, *Nain Vaioretto*) Voiced by: Yui Horie Voiced by: Ryoka Yuzuki Black Trader's Twin Phantom. Tesla is the eldest, and Nine is the youngest of the Violet sisters. Tesla has long aqua-colored hair and fights using electric powers, and Nine has short aqua-colored hair and fights using a large magical sword. She rarely speaks, but likes animals. The sisters lost their parents in an arson incident, but were 'rescued' by Black Trader who adopted them when he had lied to them about the Twin Angels being responsible. Nine became close to Haruka not knowing she is a Twin Angel. Discovering Black Trader's true colors, Nine and Tesla changed allegiance to Twin Angels. Black Trader (ブラックトレーダー, *Burakku Toreda*) Voiced by: Rikiya Koyama The mysterious antagonist who seeks the Seven Amulets and tries to destroy the Twin Angels. He was an assistant to Oscar Violet, the Violet sisters' father, into researching the amulets, but the two were often in conflict about it. Mary (メアリ / オギノメ アリ, *Marī*) Mary is the sexy demonic leader of the Four Heavenly Kings and the most frequent antagonist against Meguru and Sumire. She poses as the nurse of St. Cherine Academy under the alias Ari Oginome. Mary later somehow deduces the Twin Angels' identities and attempts using a despaired Meguru as a catalyst for the energy sources Mary collected from innocent humans in order to revive her beloved Zelucifer, a great demon. When her mission fails, she activates a dead man's switch summoning a destructive ship that rages upon the earth. Veil (ベール, *Vail*) / Nui (ヌイ, *Nue*) Twin pop idols stage name Twenty-Eight. Veil and Nui are silver-haired siblings who are talent and hard-working. In reality the twins are dolls given life by Mary and since collaborate promising them full body flesh. They enroll at St. Cherine Academy to further access energy. Meguru and Veil form a bond, but Nui and Sumire are seen as foes. Meguru discovers Veil's secret yet she accepts her. As Meguru has the siblings see the error of their ways, they renounce Mary, and tragically she detonates the bodies. Misty Knight installed the dolls in Mary's weapon ship to intercept the berserk and save the earth. In a cliffhanger, the dolls are found by a silhouette (possibly Zelucifer).

### Twin Angel Break characters

Meguru Amatsuki (天月めぐる, *Amatsuki Meguru*) / Angel Rose (エンジェルローズ, *Enjerurōzu*) Voiced by: M.A.O Meguru is a resident of Chiichi Island who moved to Tokyo. Her personality strikingly resembles Haruka's. One of her hobbies is photography. In the past, Meguri witnessed the Twin Angels flying and idolize to become one too. It is revealed Meguri descended from some sort of religious cult and she and Sumire have met in their youth. Sumire Kisaragi (如月すみれ, *Kisaragi Sumire*) / Angel Sapphire (エンジェルサファイア, *Enjerusafaia*) Voiced by: Ai Kayano Sumire is Yuito's younger sister. She serve as Meguri's Twin Angel partner. Despite her antisocial nature and lack of desire to become a Twin Angel, she eventually grows into the role and becomes good friends with Meguri. Sumire is extremely fond of her brother and has a great deal of hunger (carrying six lunch boxes) due to low blood pressure. Sumire is also a member of the kendo club. Miruku-chan (みるくちゃん) Voiced by: Rie Kugimiya She actually is Kurumi from the original series magically transformed to a hedgehog. She requests help from Meguri and Sumire to become Twin Angels while the original team, Haruka and Aoi, are captured in suspended animation.

## Media

### Original video anime

#### Episode list

| No. | Title | Release date |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 01 | TBA | September 18, 2008 (2008-09-18) |
| Haruka and Aoi strive to protect a pair of statues being exhibited at the school festival. However, when the villain, a magician known as the Baron of the Fourth Dimension attacks, he reveals his main purpose is not the statues, but to crush the bonds of the Twin Angel. He succeeds by managing to hospitalise Aoi and destroy both of their 'Poketen' transformation devices, leaving Haruka devastated. | | | |
| 02 | TBA | October 2, 2008 (2008-10-02) |
| As Aoi remains hospitalized, Haruka feels guilty about running away during their battle with the Baron. However, after some encouragement from mysterious ally, Misty Knight, and her hardworking classmates, Haruka returns to Aoi's side as she wakes up and they rekindle their courage. Whilst Aoi rests, Haruka goes alone to confront the Baron, managing to transform without her Poketen, and is later aided by Misty Knight and Aoi, working together to defeat the Baron. | | | |

### Manga

### Anime television series

In December 2010, a promotional video at Sammy's Comic Market booth announced that a new anime television series was planned for 2011 with the J.C.Staff producing the animation. Titled *Kaitō Tenshi Twin Angel: Kyun Kyun Tokimeki Paradise!!* (快盗天使ツインエンジェル ~キュンキュン☆ときめきパラダイス!!~, *Kaitō Tenshi Tsuin Enjeru: Kyun Kyun Tokimeki Paradaisu!!*), the series began its broadcast run in Japan on TV Kanagawa on July 5, 2011, at 1:45am. The North American media website Crunchyroll simulcast the series under the title *Twin Angel: Twinkle Paradise*. The anime series has two pieces of theme music. The opening theme is "Those Girls are Totally Angels!!" (オンナのコって♪マジ☆超えんじぇる!!, *Onna no Kotte Maji Chō Enjeru!!*) performed by Ave;new Project feat. Saori Sakura and Rie Shirasawa and the ending theme is "Shining☆Star" performed by Yukari Tamura, Mamiko Noto and Rie Kugimiya, the voices of Haruka Minazuki, Aoi Kannazuki and Kurumi Hazuki, respectively. A new TV anime has been announced titled *Twin Angel BREAK*, serving as the sequel to Twinkle Paradise, premiered on April 7, 2017. The opening theme of *Twin Angel BREAK* is "Love♡Jewelry♪Angel☆Break!!" (ラブって♡ジュエリー♪えんじぇる☆ブレイク!!") performed by Ave;new Project feat. Mao Ichimichi and Ai Kayano, the voices of Meguru Amatsuki and Sumire Kisaragi. The ending theme is "Break Kurumi Milk Club!" performed by Rie Kugimiya. Crunchyroll later streamed the anime series.

### Kaitou Tenshi Twin Angel: Kyun Kyun Tokimeki Paradise

#### Episode list

| No. | Title | Original airdate |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 01 | "That Does Not Even Deserve a Response! Enter: Twin Angel"
Transliteration: "Mondō Muyō! Tsuin Enjeru Tōjō" (Japanese: 問答無用! ツインエンジェル登場) | July 5, 2011 (2011-07-05) |
| Twin Angels spend their time protecting their town from crime when Salome attacks their school using a giant robot and attempts to steal a magical tiara. | | | |
| 02 | "Beware of Thieves! Stolen Poketen"
Transliteration: "Tōnan Chūi! Ubawareta Poketen" (Japanese: 盗難注意! うばわれたポケてん) | July 12, 2011 (2011-07-12) |
| Reeling from her defeat Salome attacks again this time by using a perverted burglar who bears a close resemblance to Yuito, which causes Haruka to doubt him. Using this camouflage Salome steals the girls poketens preventing them from transforming. | | | |
| 03 | "The Triumphant Debut of Hazuki Kurumi!"
Transliteration: "Iki Yōyō! Hazuki Kurumi Kenzan" (Japanese: 意気揚々! 葉月クルミ見参) | July 19, 2011 (2011-07-19) |
| Kurumi Hazuki the White Angel and Aoi's cousin arrives to assist Twin Angel and immediately begins antagonizing Haruka who she feels is inadequate as Aoi's partner. | | | |
| 04 | "Sizzling Hot Photos! The Target is Twin Angel!"
Transliteration: "Gekisatsu Gekisha! Hyōteki wa Tsuin'enjeru" (Japanese: 激撮激写! 標的はツインエンジェル) | July 26, 2011 (2011-07-26) |
| Yayoi Shinmon the school's amoral reporter attempts to uncover the true identity of the Twin Angel girls. | | | |
| 05 | "Passionate Love Warning! Senjou-sensei's Part-time Job"
Transliteration: "Netsuai Keihō! Saijō-sensei no Arubaito" (Japanese: 熱愛警報! 西条先生のアルバイト) | August 2, 2011 (2011-08-02) |
| Looking for part-time work Ms. Saijo the school teacher is recruited as Black Carrier by Black Trader whom she falls in love with mistaking his distant demeanor as a kindred lonely heart. | | | |
| 06 | "Hot, Passionate Wind! Angel Hurricane"
Transliteration: "Jōnetsu Neppū! Enjeru Harikēn" (Japanese: 情熱熱風! エンジェルハリケーン) | August 9, 2011 (2011-08-09) |
| Fed-up with each other Haruka and Kurumi refuse to work together forcing Aoi to seek Misty Knight's assistance in reconciling the two. Unfortunately, he is trapped inside a bear costume from his part-time day job forcing him to improvise. | | | |
| 07 | "Identity Unknown! Is Nyan's UMA a Good UMA!?"
Transliteration: "Shōtai Fumei! Musume (nyan) no UMA wa Yoi UMA!?" (Japanese: 正体不明! 娘(ニャン)のUMAは良いUMA!?) | August 16, 2011 (2011-08-16) |
| The three girls discover that their classmate Nyan Tomochi is secretly caring for a colossal Japanese Giant Salamander. | | | |
| 08 | "The Path of Duty! Twin Sisters"
Transliteration: "Ebisu ken ichi-setsu (Iken Issetsu)! Futago no Shimai" (Japanese: 夷険一節(いけんいっせつ)! 双子の姉妹) | August 23, 2011 (2011-08-23) |
| While at the beach the girls meet and make friends with Tesla and Nine Violet the Twin Phantom daughters of Black Trader and their future enemies. | | | |
| 09 | "Formidable Appearance! The Identity of Twin Phantom"
Transliteration: "Kyōteki Shutsugen! Tsuin Fantomu no Shōtai" (Japanese: 強敵出現! ツインファントムの正体) | August 30, 2011 (2011-08-30) |
| On the day of the school's festival, Black Carrier and Twin Phantom attempt to steal part of the Seven Amulets protected by the school the latter two revealing themselves as enemies to the Twin Angel girls. | | | |
| 10 | "In One Stroke! One Rose Burning in the Darkness"
Transliteration: "Ikkikasei! Yami ni Moeru Bara Ichi-rin" (Japanese: 一気呵成! 闇に燃えるバラ一輪) | September 6, 2011 (2011-09-06) |
| Twin Phantom attacks a second time but decide that fighting their friends is wrong and back down. Salome and Alexander join the heroes after being betrayed by Black Trader. However Misty Knight sacrifices himself to stop a time bomb from leveling the school and surrounding area. | | | |
| 11 | "Driven into a Corner!! The Wish of Each One"
Transliteration: "Zettaizetsumei! Sorezore no Omoi" (Japanese: 絶体絶命! それぞれの想い) | September 13, 2011 (2011-09-13) |
| Rocked by the death of Misty Knight, Haruka wallows in depression while Twin Phantom attempt to stop Black Trader. | | | |
| 12 | "The Final Battle! Let's Get Everyone's Smiles Back"
Transliteration: "Saishū Kessen! Min'na no Egao o Torimodosu!" (Japanese: 最終決戦! みんなの笑顔を取り戻す!) | September 20, 2011 (2011-09-20) |
| Black Trader attempts to use the combined Seven Amulets to power a satellite weapon with the power to destroy the world. Twin Angels with help from a recently returned Misty Knight and Salome attempt to stop him. | | | |

## InfoBox

| Kaitō Tenshi Twin Angel | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover of the first manga volume | |
| 快盗天使ツインエンジェル | |
| Genre | Magical girl |
| Manga | |
| Written by | Monako Serasai |
| Published by | Kadokawa Shoten |
| Magazine | *Comp Ace* |
| Demographic | *Shōnen* |
| Original run | 20072009 |
| Volumes | 3 |
| Original video animation | |
| Directed by | Tatsuyuki Nagai |
| Written by | Hideyuki Kurata |
| Music by | Ken'ichirou Ooishi |
| Studio | Nomad |
| Released | September 18, 2008  October 2, 2008 |
| Runtime | 30 minutes per episode |
| Episodes | 2 |
| Anime television series | |
| *Twin Angel: Twinkle Paradise* | |
| Directed by | Yoshiaki Iwasaki |
| Written by | Michiko Itou |
| Studio | J.C.Staff |
| Original network | TV Kanagawa |
| Original run | July 5, 2011  September 20, 2011 |
| Episodes | 12 |
| Original video animation | |
| *Twin Angel: Kyun Tokimeki Paradise!!* | |
| Directed by | Yoshiaki Iwasaki |
| Produced by | Jun'ichirō Tamura
Yuji Matsukura |
| Written by | Michiko Itou |
| Music by | Shinkichi Mitsumune |
| Studio | J.C.Staff |
| Released | January 30, 2015 |
| Runtime | 30 minutes |
| Episodes | 2 |
| Anime television series | |
| *Twin Angel Break* | |
| Directed by | Yoshiaki Iwasaki |
| Written by | Michiko Itou |
| Music by | Gin |
| Studio | J.C.Staff |
| Original network | Tokyo MX, TV Aichi, KBS, Sun TV, BS11, TVQ |
| Original run | April 7, 2017  June 23, 2017 |
| Episodes | 12 |


title: Sinpa Chongnyon station

abstract: Sinp'a Ch'ŏngnyŏn station is a railway station in Kimjŏngsuk-ŭp, Kimjŏngsuk-kun, Ryanggang Province, North Korea, on the Pukpu Line of the Korean State Railway.

text:
# Sinpa Chongnyon station

**Sinp'a Ch'ŏngnyŏn station** is a railway station in Kimjŏngsuk-ŭp, Kimjŏngsuk-kun, Ryanggang Province, North Korea, on the Pukpu Line of the Korean State Railway.

## History

The station, originally called **Sinp'a station**, was opened on 27 November 1987 by the Korean State Railway, along with the rest of the first eastern section of the Pukpu Line between Huju and Hyesan. When the town (and county) of Sinp'a was renamed Kimjŏngsuk, the station itself was not renamed. It received its current name around 2013.

## InfoBox

| Sinp'a Ch'ŏngnyŏn
신파청년 | |
| --- | --- |
| Sinp'a Ch'ŏngnyŏn station | |
|  | |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 신파청년역 |
| Hanja |  |
| Revised Romanization | *Sinpa Cheongnyon-nyeok* |
| McCune–Reischauer | *Sinp'a Ch'ŏngnyŏn-nyŏk* |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Kimjŏngsuk-ŭp,
Kimjŏngsuk-kun,
Ryanggang Province
North Korea |
| Coordinates | 41°25′08″N 127°45′41″E / 41.4189°N 127.7615°E / 41.4189; 127.7615 |
| Owned by | Korean State Railway |
| Line(s) | Pukpu Line |
| History | |
| Opened | 27 November 1987 |
| Electrified | yes |
| Previous names | Sinp'a (신파, 新坡) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Korean State Railway Following station  Kanghatowards Manp'o Ch'ŏngnyŏn  Pukbunaeryuk Line  Mint'angtowards Hyesan Ch'ŏngnyŏn | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Ralph Alabi

abstract: Raphael Adeola Alabi OON, Fellow of NSE (1941–2009) was a Nigerian engineer and industrialist. He hailed from the City of Akure, Ondo State, and he was the first indigenous engineer in post colonial Nigeria to become a 'Chief Engineer' at Guinness, Nigeria. Altogether he spent 45 years at Guinness, including 13 years as the chairman.

text:
# Ralph Alabi

**Raphael Adeola Alabi** OON, Fellow of NSE (1941–2009) was a Nigerian engineer and industrialist. He hailed from the City of Akure, Ondo State, and he was the first indigenous engineer in post colonial Nigeria to become a 'Chief Engineer' at Guinness, Nigeria. Altogether he spent 45 years at Guinness, including 13 years as the chairman.

## Early life

Ralph was born to a traditional Akure family, and was, as documented in his book, related to the royal Adesida Family of Akure. He lived with his great-grandmother, Eyelori (Queen) Faromibi Adesida, one of the wives of Oba Afunbiowo Adeside (former Deji of Akure), until he was 16 years of age.

After primary school in 1956, Ralph Alabi attended St. Joseph's College, Ondo (1957–1961), where he received a scholarship from the Akure District Council. After receiving an ordinary diploma in mechanical engineering at the technical college, Ibadan (now Ibadan Polytechnic) and the City and Guild of London Certificate, Ralph enrolled at the Hendon College of Technology in London (now Middlesex University) on a Guinness scholarship on an HND programme, but was later transferred to a degree class due to high performance. He subsequently graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering.

## Professional career

Ralph began his career in Guinness Nigeria Plc as a Technical Trainee in 1964 and rose through the ranks to become the Chairman of Guinness Nigeria Plc. He was also very active in other professional circles, and later founded his own engineering consultancy company.

### Guinness Nigeria

Having earlier earned a Diploma in Mechanical Engineering from the Technical College, Ibadan (now Ibadan Polytechnic), where he graduated as the best engineering student, he was employed by Guinness as a 'Trainee' and rose through the ranks to become the first Nigerian Chief Engineer in 1979. He was subsequently Executive Director in 1986, marketing director 1988 and was managing director Chief Executive, and vice-chairman between 1994 and 1996. Ralph Alabi's journey at Guinness ended with him spending up to 13 years as the chairman (Non-Executive) in 2009.

### Taïjo Wonukabe

Ralph Adeola Alabi was the chairman of a frontline marketing communications firm known as Taijo Wonukabe Limited. A renowned corporate strategist and captain of industry, Alabi brought to bear to the business of Taijo Wonukabe his vast experience in management and corporate governance.

### Maystar Brothers Ltd

After an illustrious career with Guinness, Ralph Alabi decided to set an engineering consultancy business – a company christened Maystar Brothers Ltd. In the seventh chapter of his second publication (Second Diamond Chronicle, 2001), Ralph explained the reason for his company name by describing what he called "The May factor" using some of the following points:

* Married, May 1967
* Promoted to Assistant Chief Engineer, May 1972
* Promoted Chief Engineer, May 1979
* Promoted to general manager, May 1985
* Appointed Deputy M.D, May 1991

## Honours and memberships

Ralph Alabi was a member of several business and professional organisations such as COREN. In 1990, he was given the chieftaincy title of Aruwajoye of Akure, and honoured with a National merit award - Officer of Order of the Niger (OON) - in 2003 by the Obansanjo government. The Federal University of Technology of Akure on 11 December 2005, conferred on him the award of doctorate degree (Honoris Causa) Doctor of Engineering. He was a National Vice-Chairman of Science, Engineering and Technology Summit of the Federal Ministry of Science and Technology. He was also a member of the Governing Council of Lagos State Polytechnic.

### Manufacturers Association of Nigeria

Ralph was a former chairman of the Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN), Ikeja Branch, and the Finance and Establishment Committee Chairman of MAN National Council.

### Nigeria Society of Engineers

Ralph was also a fellow of the Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE).

## Personal life and death

Alabi married Rachael Alabi (née Oluwafemi) while studying in the UK, and they had three of their seven children there before returning to Nigeria in 1969. Since 1964, Alabi was employed at Guinness in several capacities until three months before his death, and sat as the head of many organisations through the course of his life. He lived mainly in Lagos, but spent substantial periods of his life at his hometown, Akure.

A statement from the family spokesperson and daughter of the late former Guinness head, Mrs. Yetunde McEwen, said he died at his Ikeja GRA, Lagos home on Wednesday, 11 November 2009. The late Alabi devoted his last days to the service of God as a pastor of the Merciful God Ministry. He left behind many children and grandchildren, and a legion of individuals from all walks of life who sought his counsel on various facets of life: spiritual, entrepreneurship, management, alumni relations, discipline and family.

## InfoBox

| Ralph Alabi | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1941-04-14)14 April 1941
Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria |
| Died | 11 November 2009(2009-11-11) (aged 68)
Ikeja, Lagos State |
| Resting place | Akure, Ondo State |
| Education | City and Guild of London Certificate, OND, BSc. |
| Alma mater | St, Joseph's College Ondo, Hendon College, UK |
| Occupation(s) | Engineer, Industrialist, businessman, Pastor |
| Years active | 1961–2009 |
| Employer | Guinness Nigeria |
| Organization(s) | Nigeria Society of Engineers, Manufacturers association of Nigeria, Akure Inner Circle, Oyemekun Progressive Union |
| Title | Engr, Doctor |
| Spouse | Rachael Oluwayemisi Alabi (Late) |
| Children | Olufunmilayo Atkins, Adekunle Alabi, Adeniyi Alabi, Folaranmi Masha, Yetunde McEwen, Olusayo Alabi, Adenike Alabi |


title: Thamiaraea

abstract:
Thamiaraea is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Staphylinidae. The genus was described in 1858 by Carl Gustaf Thomson. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species:
  - Thamiaraea hospita
  - Thamiaraea tsitsilasi Pace

text:
# Thamiaraea

***Thamiaraea*** is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Staphylinidae.

The genus was described in 1858 by Carl Gustaf Thomson.

The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Thamiaraea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Thamiaraea cinnamomea | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Staphylinidae |
| Subfamily: | Aleocharinae |
| Tribe: | Athetini |
| Genus: | *Thamiaraea* |
|


title: Thamimum Ansari

abstract: Thamimun Ansari is an Indian politician belonging to Manithaneya Jananayaga Katchi (MJK). He is also General Secretary of the party. He has contested and was elected as MLA of Nagapattinam in Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly in 2016 as an All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate and well speech person.

text:
# Thamimum Ansari

**Thamimun Ansari** is an Indian politician belonging to Manithaneya Jananayaga Katchi (MJK). He is also General Secretary of the party. He has contested and was elected as MLA of Nagapattinam in Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly in 2016 as an All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate and well speech person.

## InfoBox

| Thamimun Ansari | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| MLA of Nagapattinam | |
| **In office**<br>2016–2021 | |
| Preceded by | K. A. Jayapal |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Manithaneya Jananayaga Katchi |
|  | |


title: Denis Sire

abstract: Denis Sire was a French cartoonist.

text:
# Denis Sire

**Denis Sire** (4 September 1953 – 16 January 2019) was a French cartoonist.

## Biography

Sire entered the École nationale supérieure des arts appliqués et des métiers d'art at age 16, where he would meet Frank Margerin. After he graduated, Sire helped publish *Métal hurlant*, which was run by Jean-Pierre Dionnet and Philippe Manœuvre. His first individual work was *Menace diabolique* in 1979. He did works in the magazine *L'Echo des Savanes* such as *Triste jeudi*.

In 1978, Sire created five different covers for *Presses de la Cité*, and did the same for *Cheval Noir* in 1992. In 1993, he created another cover for *Heavy Metal*. He also drew vinyl record covers for the band Taxi Girl.

In 1997, he published a comic book with Jean-Pierre Dionnet, titled *L'île des amazones*. In 2002, he drew stamps for the French Collection Jeunesse. Sire drew the posters for the 2005 Circuit des Remparts. In 2006, Sire made 24 paintings representing the 24 hours of the Le Mans Classic race. That same year, Nickel Productions published a collection of his works, recounting his career.

Denis Sire died on 16 January 2019.

## Works

* *Menace diabolique* (1979) ISBN 2902123736
* *Bois Willys* (1981) ISBN 2731600942
* *6T Mélodie* (1982) ISBN 273160171X
* *Kosmik Komiks* (1983)
* *Lisa Bay* (1985) ISBN 2731603283
* *Best of racing* (1987)
* *Ziblyne et Bettie* (1992) ISBN 2731610441
* *Racing* (1992) ISBN 2840450054
* *L'Île des amazones - Orchid Island* (1997) ISBN 2226094156
* *Mon continental circus à moi* (2000) ISBN 290705189X
* *Poupées de Sire* (2001)
* *Courses de légende - Indianapolis* (2003) ISBN 2847870261
* *Denis Sire* (2006) ISBN 2914420153
* *Poupées de Sire T. II* (2011) ISBN 978-2-915757-25-5
* *Baron d'Holbach* (2012) ISBN 978-2-915757-30-9
* *Baron d'Holbach 2* (2013) ISBN 978-2-915757-33-0

## InfoBox

| Denis Sire | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 4 September 1953
Saint-Nazaire, France |
| Died | 16 January 2019(2019-01-16) (aged 65)
Bagnolet, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Occupation | Cartoonist |


title: Deman

abstract: Deman — is a village in the Yardymli Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Avaş.

text:
# Deman

38°52′40″N 48°02′27″E / 38.87778°N 48.04083°E / 38.87778; 48.04083

**Deman** (also, **Diman** and **Dyman**) — is a village in the Yardymli Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Avaş.

## Notable natives

## InfoBox

| Deman | |
| --- | --- |
| Deman | |
| Coordinates: 38°52′40″N 48°02′27″E / 38.87778°N 48.04083°E / 38.87778; 48.04083 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Rayon | Yardymli |
| Municipality | Avaş |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (AZT) |


title: The Bismarck Convoy Smashed

abstract: Bismark Convoy Smashed!, also known as Battle of the Bismark Sea, is a Second World War 1943 Australian documentary newsreel film about the Battle of the Bismarck Sea on 2–3 March, an engagement which resulted in the claimed destruction of 22 Japanese ships, their crews and 15,000 soldiers. Actual Japanese losses were rather less, but still devastating. It used footage shot by Damien Parer.

text:
# The Bismarck Convoy Smashed

***Bismark Convoy Smashed!*,** also known as ***Battle of the Bismark Sea**,* is a Second World War 1943 Australian documentary newsreel film about the Battle of the Bismarck Sea on 2–3 March, an engagement which resulted in the claimed destruction of 22 Japanese ships, their crews and 15,000 soldiers. Actual Japanese losses were rather less, but still devastating.

It used footage shot by Damien Parer.

## Premise

*The Bismarck Convoy Smashed* tells the story of the Battle of the Bismarck Sea, in which a convoy of Japanese ships is attacked by the U.S. Army Air Forces and the Royal Australian Air Force.

## Production

Parer later said he was too busy to be scared filming the action.

## Reception

*The Recorder* stated that "the thrill is contagious, and the watcher finds himself leaning well for ward in his seat to see the next episode of the great air victory—one of the biggest of the war. "Battle of the Bismarck Sea" is really something worthwhile in screen fare. If it were four times the length it would still be absorbing. All should see."

The *Sydney Morning Herald* wrote that:

> The newsreel pictures... are among the most dramatic to be screened in Sydney. They offer a thrilling bird's-eye view of the bombing and machine-gunning of the Japanese convoy by Australian and American pilots. Many of the attacks were made by pilots flying above the enemy at only mast-high levels. The grim determination behind this great aerial attack is seen in more than one vivid scene. Less commentary would improve these newsreels.

## InfoBox

| Bismark Convoy Smashed! | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Ken G. Hall (uncredited) |
| Produced by | Ken G. Hall (uncredited) |
| Narrated by | Peter Bathurst |
| Cinematography | Damien Parer |
| Edited by | Terry Banks |
| Production
companies | Cinesound Productions
Department of Information |
| Release date | * 19 March 1943 (1943-03-19) |
| Running time | 9 minutes |
| Country | Australia |
| Language | English |