title: Castlemaine Brewery, Newcastle

abstract: Castlemaine Brewery is a heritage-listed former brewery and museum and now serviced apartments at 787 Hunter Street, Newcastle West, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Oswald Lewis and built from 1874 to 1876 by Laing and Wylie under supervising architect G. H. Cox. It was later used as the Pink Elephant Markets and as the Newcastle Museum before being redeveloped as the Quest Newcastle West serviced apartments.

text:
# Castlemaine Brewery, Newcastle

**Castlemaine Brewery** is a heritage-listed former brewery and museum and now serviced apartments at 787 Hunter Street, Newcastle West, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Oswald Lewis and built from 1874 to 1876 by Laing and Wylie under supervising architect G. H. Cox. It was later used as the **Pink Elephant Markets** and as the **Newcastle Museum** before being redeveloped as the **Quest Newcastle West** serviced apartments.

## History

**1856** – Arrival in Newcastle of the Wood family: John and Ann and three sons: John Jr., Joseph and Edward.

**1856–1857**Edward Fitzgerald established the Castlemaine Brewery at Castlemaine, Victoria.

**1857** – John Wood Jr. was a miner with the A.A. Company in the D pit.

**1859** – John Wood Jr. became publican of the Ship Inn Hotel.

**1865** – Wood Brothers and Co. opened a Spirit and Bond Store in part of the spacious premises known as Bingle and Co.'s stores in Bolton Street, Newcastle

**1868** – Wood Bros. accepted from Mr Fitzgerald the agency for the sale of Castlemaine Ale in Newcastle.

**1874** – Fire destroyed the building in which the Wood Brothers' store was located.

**1874** – Tenders were called for the construction of a new brewery to the designs of architect Oswald Lewis. Tender by Messrs. Laing and Wylie accepted.

**1876** – The new brewery was opened and commenced operations. Water supply was obtained from a well on the site. The ale produced was of the highest quality produced by the most up-to-date methods.

**1878** – Major extensions were made such that the brewery was said to be amongst the finest in Australia. The expansion was largely to cater for the greatly increased beer trade and the new complex is described as being 'replete with every convenience.'

**1883** – The company name was changed from the Castlemaine Brewery and Malting Company Limited to the Castlemaine Brewery Maltings and Wine and Spirit Company Limited. This was changed again a few years later to the Australian Brewer and Wine and Spirit Limited.

**1887** – A limited liability company was formed named The Castlemaine Brewery and Wood Bros. and Company, Newcastle, New South Wales Limited, which acquired the brewery business carried on in Newcastle and elsewhere under the name of Prendergast Wood and Co., and the wine and spirit business carried on at Newcastle, West Maitland and elsewhere under the name of Wood Bros and Co., together with the freehold land and brewery in Charlton Street (now Hunter Street) and the freehold land and store in Bolton Street, Newcastle. The first directors of the company were Joseph Wood, three Victorians: Edward Fitzgerald, Nicholas Fitzgerald and Malcolm Donald McEacharn and James Burns from Sydney.

Joseph Wood's brother John Wood Jr. died on 6 September 1887, and his shares passed to his only son, John Robert Wood (1865–1928), a fine cricketer who married the actress Essie Jenyns (1864–1920) in 1888 and took little interest in the company's operation.

**1889** – Profit and turnover performance by the brewery in 1888–1890 was considered to be most satisfactory with dividend return to shareholders of 12 percent.

**1890** – The Castlemaine Brewery purchases short-lived rival Great Northern Brewery on the south-western corner of Wood and Parry streets. There is little to indicate that Castlemaine used the Great Northern premises until 1897.

**1893** – The Depression and strikes of the 1890s had a serious effect on the brewery business and the dividend payment was reduced to 7 percent.

**1895** – The Depression deepened and was made worse by a drought which affected the previously strong country sales. Dividends, however, were held at 7 percent.

**1897** – The dividend was reduced again to a level of 5 percent and the chairman during his annual report spoke of the troubles the company had faced, but which were now past: major modernisation of the equipment had been undertaken in the previous year and the brewery was now producing among the best beer in the Colony. Other improvements at the plant included asphalting the enclosure, repainting throughout, weather sheds to protect casks from sun damage, new cellars and vats.

The "evil" which had overtaken the company was a cessation of production for four months due to a bacterial growth in the brewery. During the complete renovations undertaken to counter this problem, brewing was transferred to the buildings purchased earlier from the Great Northern Brewery. Once the renovations were again completed brewing returned to Castlemaine and the Great Northern was used for only secondary purposes such as laboratories.

Partly as a result of the loss of trade during this period and due to increasing competition from Sydney, the dividend never rose above 4 percent during the remainder of the 1890s.

**1898** – The renovations were completed at a total cost of £10,000 and the brewery was noted as being equipped with all the most modern appliances and capable of producing up to 800 to 900 hogsheads per week and up to 100 dozen bottled beer per day.

**1899** – At the Annual General Meeting the directors complained that Tooth & Co and Tooheys from Sydney had plenty of money and were using it freely to secure business. This period saw a considerable effort to maintain the brewery's position in the market.

**1911** – The chairman, Mr. H. H. Long, noted that performance had been satisfactory given the adverse circumstances under which the brewery had been working during the previous twelve months.

Extensive alterations had been made which involved the installation of practically a new plant and a new system of brewing which necessitated important structural alterations and a great increase in engine, boiler and refrigeration plant. Under the guidance of Mr Pfrander, the head brewer, both the quality and quantity of the beer being produced had increased.

The alterations had been carried out while brewing continued which resulted in a staged alteration process. They had been undertaken under the superintendence of E. G. Castleden, architect, with the overall advice of Auguste de Bavay of Melbourne.

1912 – This year marked the twenty-fifth annual meeting of the Castlemaine Brewery and Wood Bros. and Company Newcastle NSW Limited. It was noted that the alterations of the previous year had been very successful with the company's beer now considered the most superior on the market. Partly as a result, beer output had increased by 40 percent and the spirit department had also expanded dramatically.

Further improvements costing almost £20,000 had been made which included about £6,000 expended in the building and equipping of a new bottling department, rendered necessary by the increased demand for the company's product. This reference is to the building facing Hunter Street designed by Castleden to house offices in the single-storey section and the bottling department in the two-storey portion to the rear.

**1913** – The brewery's business continued to expand in both the beer and spirit departments as the new machinery continued in efficient production. Dividends of 5 percent were announced. The company had purchased the freehold on the Royal Exchange Hotel in Newcastle and arranged a long lease on the new Railway Hotel in Cessnock in an effort to popularise the company's products.

The new bottling plant had reached completion and other alterations were nearing completion. If the prospects for turnover were maintained at their anticipated levels, further additions were foreseen.

**1921** – Tooth & Co entered into an agreement with the Castlemaine Brewery and Wood Bros. and Company Newcastle NSW Limited and subsequently acquired the company's brewing, wine and spirit business and properties. Prior to this Tooths had a small depot in Telford Street which was closed in late 1921.

Brewing continued on the site until mid-1931 when operations closed as a result of the Great Depression. Competition from other Sydney and Melbourne brewers and an apparent partiality for these "foreign" brews by the local people were given as reasons for the closure. The closure was not taken lightly by Newcastle as it had just lost its soap factory and biscuit works and the employment situation was not bright. More than 50 men were stood down and brewing ceased in Newcastle for nearly 40 years until Tooheys opened its Cardiff plant.

**1938** – As business improved after the Depression, Tooth & Co decided to use the former brewery as a depot for the distribution of their products manufactured in Sydney. In order to implement this change of use, major alterations and additions were carried out to the designs of Pitt and Merewether, architects. The alterations involved the removal of all the brewing equipment, demolition of the power generating plant and erection of garages and buildings for the handling of packaged beer. This operation continued successfully with various additional buildings and alterations being required in the 1960s, until 1974.

**1974** – Tooth & Co ceased operations on the site and transferred to a new depot in Nelson Road, Cardiff. The site was sold and became the Pink Elephant Markets.

**1988** – Newcastle Museum opens in the former brewery after restoring the building.

**2008** – Newcastle Museum closes at the brewery and moves to the former Honeysuckle Point Railway Workshops.

**2014** – Development application approved for 47 units and associated car parking in the former brewery.

**2017** – The Quest Newcastle West serviced apartments open in the former Castlemaine Brewery.

## Description

Original Brewery Building

Originally a four-storey tower, with symmetrical two-storey wings running to the east and west. The tower was roofed with galvanised iron with a central ventilating lantern running north–south with four accompanying ventilation dormers. Each floor had two windows on the northern face, with two on the east and west faces on the fourth floor. A verandah ran across the front of the tower, part of which was enclosed to form an office in 1878. The wings to the east and west terminated in brick gables that projected above the roof line.

In around 1880 the tower was enlarged and large openings created for vehicle access. Additional dormer windows and ventilation lantern was added. In 1911 the west wing was altered to allow the creation of a Gyle Room with three gyle tanks to be added to the first floor. In 1912 the east wing was altered internally by raising the ground floor to match the later additions and a parapet was added to the northern wall. Two more Gyle tanks in the western wing required supportive alterations. In c. 1920 the dormers and ventilation lantern were removed from the roof of the tower. Pitt and Merewether designed extensive internal modifications to convert the buildings into a storage distribution depot in 1938, including drastic alterations to the northern ground floor to allow for new awnings and a loading dock.

Wood Street Brewery Building

A two-storey building, with lofts, constructed in two stages between 1878 and 1885. The ground floor was concrete with a timber first floor, clad in brick with a galvanised iron roof. The Wood Street facade features two projecting gables and the roof profile creates an "M" shape, with central box gutter and fascia gutters. The 1878 section was built by George Yeomans as a malting room with overhead storage. In 1897 the ground floor was converted to refrigeration storage through the addition of cork insulation and loading access was created from the Hunter Street courtyard. Major internal alterations were undertaken in 1911, designed by E. G. Castleden, as a response to innovations in brewing technology. New skimming rooms were created on a raised floor in the centre of the 1878 building and an office and laboratory were created on the first floor. Prior to 1938 a cart dock was created on the eastern wall to load from the ground floor cellars. In 1938, when the new garage was built, the openings in the eastern wall were bricked up.

A 1911 illustration by E. G. Castleden indicates a room was attached to the south-east corner, also a shed, a boiler room, chimney stack and engine room to the south. These were demolished in 1938, along with workshops, harness room, bottle washing shed and earth closets along what was the eastern boundary.

Condenser Tower

No documentary evidence exists regarding the construction of the condenser tower, which first appears on a Department of Lands map in 1896, although it is believed to have been constructed in 1878. Castleden's drawing of 1911 describes the structure's purpose as bottle washing, however it has a shape traditionally associated with malting houses. The brick tower is square and topped with a pyramidal timber roof and ventilation lantern. Between 1911 and 1938 Castleden converted the tower from a malting house into a condenser tower. The pyramidal roof was removed and the masonry extended to three storeys. A refrigeration plant was located on the ground floor, with brine tanks on the first and second floors, supported by concreted and steel-framed barrel-vaults.

Bottle Store and Office

A two-storey construction, originally housing bottling equipment, with a single-storey section on Hunter Street for the office and reception area. The single-storey section has a triangular pediment over an entry portico, with rendered pilasters to add continuity to the Hunter Street facade. The two-storey section echoes the office, with the addition of a curved gable and a bullseye window common to the Federation style of the early 20th century.

The eastern facade was modified around 1914, with the addition of a bottling house. The original roof of the loading gate was extended to incorporate the new building. In 1938 Pitt and Merewether converted parts of the two-storey section into additional offices, a canteen and toilets.

Bottle House

An addition to the bottle store in 1914, it is thought to have been designed by Castleden, as the detailing matches the bottle store. In 1938 the hoist room, which had projected through the roof, was demolished. The southern parapet was lowered and finished with a triangulated brick gable. A substantial addition was constructed in 1960 with a plain brick face to Hunter Street and a saw-toothed roof.

Bottled Beer Store No. 2

The store was constructed before 1938 as a single-storey addition from the south-east corner of the bottle house. In the 1938 renovations the roof and southern parapet were lowered.

Receiving Platform

Constructed in 1938 on the southern wall of the bottle house, covered with a steel-framed cantilevered roof, to give access to the rear of the bottle store.

Vehicle Garage

A single-storey construction of steel-framing built between 1938 and 1939 as a lorry and car garage, with workshops and stores. Vehicle entry was via roller doors at the eastern end. Staff facilities were located on the southern side.

Courtyard Enclosure and Awning

In 1912 the former loading court was enclosed through the construction of brick walls. Originally sections were covered by verandahs, these were replaced in 1938–39 by a steel awning.

Covered Cask Platform

A free-standing raised platform with a galvanised iron roof supported by iron columns and trusses, built in 1938.

Oil Store

A small timber shed constructed in 1938 as an oil store and pump. In 1974 the shed was converted into a confectionery sales outlet.

Return Beer House

Removed from the main complex, a single-storey brick building with a galvanised iron roof for draining returned beer kegs was constructed in 1938.

Platform

A 25.6-metre (85-foot) platform was constructed on the southern boundary of the road in from Stewart Avenue.

## Heritage listing

The Castlemaine Brewery is of State Significance as a Newcastle landmark. Additionally, the item is unusual in the architectural sensitivity used during subsequent stages of construction, resulting in a significant industrial streetscape. The original brewery was constructed in 1874, with substantial additions being constructed in 1878 and between 1911 and 1914.

Castlemaine Brewery was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.

**The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.**

The Castlemaine brewery is historically significant as being indicative of the development of breweries in New South Wales. Its position is indicative of the prominence of brewing in Australian industrial development, and how, prior to the expansion of the transport system in Australia, each town had an independent brewery that was eventually bought out by a major brewing company and closed down as part of the gradual centralisation.

**The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.**

The Castlemaine Brewery is of State significance as a set of 19th century buildings on a scale, massing and with a continuity of design that has a significant visual and landscape quality, particularly when viewed from Hunter or Wood Streets. The Brewery is an excellent example of strong, but simplistic industrial architecture of the 19th century and has been a major visual element and landmark in Newcastle's skyline since its erection. The additions to the Brewery in 1910–1914 and again in 1912–1914 were undertaken in a sympathetic manner rarely seen in industrial buildings.

1. "Castlemaine Brewery (former)". *New South Wales State Heritage Register*. Department of Planning & Environment. H00312. Retrieved 1 June 2018.  Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC-BY 4.0 licence.
2. "The Late Mr John Wood". *Newcastle Morning Herald & Miners' Advocate*. Vol. XIV, no. 10, 571. New South Wales, Australia. 8 September 1887. p. 4. Retrieved 8 June 2021  via National Library of Australia.
3. "The Great Northern Brewery". *The Australian Star*. No. 699. New South Wales, Australia. 28 February 1890. p. 5. Retrieved 16 August 2021  via National Library of Australia.
4. "Museum History". Newcastle Museum. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
5. "Hunter Street: $350m puts life back in our town". *Newcastle Herald*. 19 July 2013. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
6. "Quest opens second property in Newcastle". *accomnews.com.au*. 5 July 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2018.

Media related to Castlemaine Brewery at Wikimedia Commons

### Attribution

This Wikipedia article was originally based on Castlemaine Brewery (former), entry number 00312 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under CC-BY 4.0 licence, accessed on 1 June 2018.

## InfoBox

| Castlemaine Brewery | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | 787 Hunter Street, Newcastle West, New South Wales, Australia |
| Coordinates | 32°55′32″S 151°45′29″E / 32.9256°S 151.7580°E / -32.9256; 151.7580 |
| Built | 18741876 |
| Architect | Oswald Lewis |
| Owner | Newcastle City Council |
|  | |
| New South Wales Heritage Register | |
| Official name | Castlemaine Brewery (former); Regional Museum |
| Type | state heritage (built) |
| Designated | 2 April 1999 |
| Reference no. | 312 |
| Type | Brewery |
| Category | Manufacturing and Processing |
| Builders | Messrs Laing and Wylie; supervising architect Mr G. H. Cox |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Castlemaine Brewery in New South Wales | |


title: Pressure (reggae musician)

abstract: Delyno Brown, better known as Pressure or Pressure Busspipe, is a reggae musician from Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. He gained his early experience working on the Star Lion sound system in the late 1990s. His debut album, The Pressure Is On, was produced by Dean Pond and released in 2005. He had a hit in Jamaica in 2007 with a remixed version of "Love and Affection", a song originally recorded for Pond but updated by producer Don Corleon. Corleon produced an album of the same name. His third album was called Coming Back For You, again produced by Pond and released in 2009. Pressure is known for his commitment to the Rastafari movement. His fourth album, Africa Redemption, was released in December 2012. He worked on the album with producer Trevor "Baby G" James in Jamaica and Damian and Stephen Marley in Miami. After being a victim of gun crime and in response to the rise in violent crime in the islands, Pressure Busspipe organized a peace concert in St. Thomas in August 2013. Fifth album The Sound was released in 2014. His 2016 album Red Rose reached the top ten of the Billboard Top Reggae Albums chart. In November 2019 he released the album Rebel With a Cause.

text:
# Pressure (reggae musician)

**Delyno Brown** (born August 5, 1981), better known as **Pressure** or **Pressure Busspipe**, is a reggae musician from Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands.

He gained his early experience working on the Star Lion sound system in the late 1990s.

His debut album, *The Pressure Is On*, was produced by Dean Pond and released in 2005. He had a hit in Jamaica in 2007 with a remixed version of "Love and Affection", a song originally recorded for Pond but updated by producer Don Corleon. Corleon produced an album of the same name.

His third album was called *Coming Back For You*, again produced by Pond and released in 2009.

Pressure is known for his commitment to the Rastafari movement.

His fourth album, *Africa Redemption*, was released in December 2012. He worked on the album with producer Trevor "Baby G" James in Jamaica and Damian and Stephen Marley in Miami.

After being a victim of gun crime and in response to the rise in violent crime in the islands, Pressure Busspipe organized a peace concert in St. Thomas in August 2013.

Fifth album *The Sound* was released in 2014.

His 2016 album *Red Rose* reached the top ten of the *Billboard* Top Reggae Albums chart.

In November 2019 he released the album *Rebel With a Cause*.

## Discography

* *The Pressure Is On* (2005), Tsuni
* *Love and Affection* (2007), Don Corleon
* *Coming Back for You* (2009), Rymshot Productions
* *The Sound* (2014), I Grade/BussPipe
* *Africa Redemption* (2014), BussPipe/Yard Vibes
* *Red Rose* (2016), Jalpo/Busspipe - US Reggae no. 8
* *Rebel With a Cause* (2019), Zojak Worldwide

## InfoBox

| delyno Busspipe | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Delyno Brown |
| Born | (1981-08-05) 5 August 1981<br>St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands |
| Genres | Reggae |
| Years active | 2005–present |
| Labels | Busspipe |
|  | |
| Website | pressurebusspipe.com |


title: Seán Ruane

abstract: Seán T. Ruane was an Irish politician and schoolteacher. He was an independent member of Seanad Éireann from 1943 to 1957. He was first elected to the 4th Seanad in 1943 by the Labour Panel. He was re-elected at the 1944, 1948, 1951 and 1954 Seanad elections but lost his seat at the 1957 election.

text:
# Seán Ruane

**Seán T. Ruane** (died 24 March 1967) was an Irish politician and schoolteacher. He was an independent member of Seanad Éireann from 1943 to 1957. He was first elected to the 4th Seanad in 1943 by the Labour Panel. He was re-elected at the 1944, 1948, 1951 and 1954 Seanad elections but lost his seat at the 1957 election.

## InfoBox

| Seán Ruane | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Senator | |
| **In office**<br>8 September 1943  22 May 1957 | |
| Constituency | Labour Panel |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Died | 24 March 1967 |
| Political party | Independent |
|  | |


title: Paul Taff

abstract: Paul Kenneth Taff was an American television executive, executive producer, and television producer. His credits included Mister Rogers' Neighborhood. Taff spearheaded the funding for Julia Child's first cooking show, The French Chef, which allowed the show to be aired nationwide and launched Child's television career. Taff had an over 70-year career in broadcasting. His career started during his college years as a control room operator and occasional announcer on WSOY radio in Decatur, Illinois. That beginning was followed by positions as continuity director and assistant program director at KFUO radio, St. Louis; program director at WBEZ radio, Chicago; program director at WTVP television, Decatur, Illinois; station manager at WMVS, an educational television station in Milwaukee, Wisconsin; director of children’s programs and director of program operations, National Educational Television (NET), New York City, the predecessor to the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS); president and general manager of Connecticut Educational Telecommunications Company, Hartford, Connecticut, which subsequently became Connecticut Public Broadcasting; and executive director, president and president emeritus of the Connecticut Broadcasters Association. Taff graduated from Belleville High School and from Millikin University. He later received a master's degree in speech from Northwestern University and an honorary doctorate of humane letters from the University of New Haven. Taff became the first television broadcaster to appear on WTVP in 1953, In Decatur, Illinois. As Director of Children's Programs for National Educational Television, he helped to secure funding to acquire the broadcasting rights for Mister Rogers' Neighborhood. and bring it to a national television audience. A resident of Glastonbury, Connecticut, Taff died on January 3, 2013, at the age of 92.

text:
# Paul Taff

**Paul Kenneth Taff** (January 21, 1920 in Belleville, Illinois – January 3, 2013) was an American television executive, executive producer, and television producer. His credits included *Mister Rogers' Neighborhood*. Taff spearheaded the funding for Julia Child's first cooking show, *The French Chef*, which allowed the show to be aired nationwide and launched Child's television career.

Taff had an over 70-year career in broadcasting. His career started during his college years as a control room operator and occasional announcer on WSOY radio in Decatur, Illinois. That beginning was followed by positions as continuity director and assistant program director at KFUO radio, St. Louis; program director at WBEZ radio, Chicago; program director at WTVP television, Decatur, Illinois; station manager at WMVS, an educational television station in Milwaukee, Wisconsin; director of children’s programs and director of program operations, National Educational Television (NET), New York City, the predecessor to the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS); president and general manager of Connecticut Educational Telecommunications Company, Hartford, Connecticut, which subsequently became Connecticut Public Broadcasting; and executive director, president and president emeritus of the Connecticut Broadcasters Association.

Taff graduated from Belleville High School and from Millikin University. He later received a master's degree in speech from Northwestern University and an honorary doctorate of humane letters from the University of New Haven.

Taff became the first television broadcaster to appear on WTVP (now WAND) in 1953, In Decatur, Illinois.

As Director of Children's Programs for National Educational Television, he helped to secure funding to acquire the broadcasting rights for *Mister Rogers' Neighborhood*. and bring it to a national television audience.

A resident of Glastonbury, Connecticut, Taff died on January 3, 2013, at the age of 92.

## InfoBox

| Paul Kenneth Taff | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | January 21, 1920<br>Belleville, Illinois |
| Died | January 3, 2013 (aged 92) |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation(s) | television executive, executive producer, television producer |


title: The Swap (1979 film)

abstract: The Swap is a 1979 American neo noir crime film directed by Jordan Leondopoulos. Parts of the film are edited from the 1969 film Sam's Song, also directed by Leondopoulos. The rest consists of extensive reshootings, the different part being tied together by the use of a voice over. The film is also known as Line of Fire.

text:
# The Swap (1979 film)

***The Swap*** is a 1979 American neo noir crime film directed by Jordan Leondopoulos. Parts of the film are edited from the 1969 film *Sam's Song*, also directed by Leondopoulos. The rest consists of extensive reshootings, the different part being tied together by the use of a voice over.

The film is also known as ***Line of Fire*** (American video title).

## Plot

Sam Nicoletti works in his office where he is a film editor, little knowing there is an intruder. After talking on the phone, Sam is knocked out from behind by the intruder.

After the credits the film cuts to ten years later. Sam's brother Vito is being released from prison for an unspecified crime. He sets out to find out who killed Sam and why. He goes to visit Erica Moore, a publisher, who he knows spent time with Sam in his last days. She tells him how her husband had an affair with Carole, a girl Sam was dating, and ended up marrying Carole. In flashbacks we learn more about a weekend that Sam spent with rich friends Warren and Mickey.

From a caretaker in the cemetery where Sam is buried, Vito learns that a girl has been visiting Sam's grave for the last ten years. He confronts her when she visits, but she drives off. Tracing her licence plate, he traces her to her home, where he reveals he is Sam's brother. Vivian reveals that she was in Sam's pornographic films. Vito is surprised as he was unaware of Sam's involvement in that business.

Further complexities lead Vito to Warren and his wife, who both have reason to prevent the porno film seeing the light of day. Vito gets his hands on the reel of film and has it processed, while Vivian transports him around. Warren's wife seduces Vito at his hotel but 'slips him a mickey', later kidnapping him at gunpoint. But Vito grabs her, turns the gun on her and she is killed.

Vito himself is wounded but goes to the film processing place where with Vivian he watches the porno film and sees that Warren was in it. Vivian drives him to Warren's where he shoots Warren's houseboy, and finds Warren in the bathtub. Warren pleads for his life but Vito shoots him.

Vivian drives Vito away. She thinks they can make it to the mountains where she can get him a doctor, but he is clearly dying. She tells him that she loves him.

## Cast

### 1969 archive footage scenes

### New Scenes

1. Hayes, Britt (February 18, 2013). "Way Back When: Robert De Niro, Best Supporting Actor Nominee". *ScreenCrush*.
2. Maltin, Leonard (1992). *Leonard Maltin's Movie and Video Guide 1993*. Penguin Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-452-26857-9.
3. "Sam's Song". *TVGuide.com*. Retrieved 2024-01-05.
4. Dougan, Andy (2011-05-31). *Untouchable: Robert De Niro: Unauthorised*. Random House. ISBN 978-0-7535-4684-0.

## InfoBox

| The Swap | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Jordan Leondopoulos (credited as John Shade) |
| Written by | John C. Broderick (screenplay) |
| Produced by | Christopher C. Dewey |
| Starring | Robert De Niro |
| Cinematography | Álex Phillips Jr. |
| Music by | Bill Conti |
| Production<br>company | January Films |
| Distributed by | Cannon Films |
| Release date | * May 7, 1979 (1979-05-07) |
| Running time | 83 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Pseudoricia sibyllae

abstract: Pseudoricia sibyllae is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by Herbert Druce in 1885. It is found in Ecuador.

text:
# Pseudoricia sibyllae

***Pseudoricia sibyllae*** is a moth of the family Notodontidae first described by Herbert Druce in 1885. It is found in Ecuador.

* Miller, James S. (2009). "Generic revision of the Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 1: Dioptini". *Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History*. **321** (2): 1–676. hdl:2246/5978.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudoricia sibyllae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Notodontidae |
| Genus: | *Pseudoricia* |
| Species: | ***P. sibyllae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudoricia sibyllae***<br>(H. Druce, 1885) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Josiodes sibyllae* H. Druce, 1885 | |


title: Praner Manush

abstract: Praner Manush is a 2003 Bangladeshi romantic drama film. The film is directed by Amjad Hossain and produced by Azizul Haque Putu. story written by Ali Hassan, screenplay and dialogue by Amjad Hossain himself. It feature Shakib Khan, Shabnur and Ferdous Ahmed. The soundtrack was composed by Alauddin Ali, the cinematography was handled by Dilip Bhaumik, choreographed by Munmun Ahmed,Amir Hossain Babu, Masum Babul and editing was by Jinnat Hossain. The film was released on 11 July 2003, in Bangladesh. It received two nominations at the 6th Meril-Prothom Alo Awards in the Best Film Director – Critics and Best Film Actor – Critics categories. Shakib Khan has been nominated for an award for the first time in his career.

text:
# Praner Manush

***Praner Manush*** is a 2003 Bangladeshi romantic drama film. The film is directed by Amjad Hossain and produced by Azizul Haque Putu. story written by Ali Hassan, screenplay and dialogue by Amjad Hossain himself. It feature Shakib Khan, Shabnur and Ferdous Ahmed.

The soundtrack was composed by Alauddin Ali, the cinematography was handled by Dilip Bhaumik, choreographed by Munmun Ahmed,Amir Hossain Babu, Masum Babul and editing was by Jinnat Hossain. The film was released on 11 July 2003, in Bangladesh. It received two nominations at the 6th Meril-Prothom Alo Awards in the Best Film Director – Critics (Amjad Hossain) and Best Film Actor – Critics (Shakib Khan) categories. Shakib Khan has been nominated for an award for the first time in his career.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

| *Praner Manush* | |
| --- | --- |
| Soundtrack album by Alauddin Ali | |
| Released | 2003 |
| Studio | Alpona Kothachitro |
| Genre | Film soundtrack |
| Length | 25:36 |
| Language | Bengali language |
| Label | CD Choice |
| Producer | Alauddin Ali |
| Alauddin Ali chronology | |
| *Noyon Bhora Jol*
(2003) ''***Praner Manush''***
(2003) *Sahoshi Manush Chai*
(2003) | |

The film's soundtrack is composed by Alauddin Ali and lyrics penned by Amjad Hossain. Also, a song named "Past is Past" was written by Moniruzzaman Monir. All the songs are sung by Sabina Yasmin, Andrew Kishore, Kanak Chapa, Monir Khan, Sujit Mostafa, and Momtaz Begum respectively.

All music is composed by Alauddin Ali

Track listing
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Singer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Ekta Golpo Lekha Holo" | Amjad Hossain | Andrew Kishore & Konok Chapa | 4:48 |
| 2. | "Bondhu Ekta Chithi Dio" | Amjad Hossain | Andrew Kishore & Konok Chapa | 5:03 |
| 3. | "Ronger Manush Rongila Re" | Amjad Hossain | Momtaz Begum & Sujit Mostafa | 5:05 |
| 4. | "Past Is Past" | Moniruzzaman Monir | Andrew Kishore & Monir Khan | 5:05 |
| 5. | "Ronger Manush Rongila Re" (Female Version) | Amjad Hossain | Sabina Yasmin | 5:35 |
| Total length: | | | | 25:36 |

## Accolades

**6th Meril-Prothom Alo Awards**

## InfoBox

| Praner Manush | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Bengali | *প্রাণের মানুষ* |
|  | |
| Directed by | Amjad Hossain |
| Written by | Amjad Hossain (dialogue) |
| Screenplay by | Amjad Hossain |
| Story by | Ali Hassan |
| Produced by | Azizul Haque Putu |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Dilip Bhaumik |
| Edited by | Jinnat Hossain |
| Music by | Alauddin Ali |
| Production
company | Alpona Kothachitro |
| Release date | * 11 July 2003 (2003-07-11) |
| Country | Bangladesh |
| Language | Bangla |


title: Qinglong County, Guizhou

abstract: Qinglong County is a county in the southwest of Guizhou province, China. It is under the administration of the Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. It has a population of 234,162 as of 2020, 56% belonging to ethnic minorities. Qinglong is named after the Qinglong mountain, before 1941 it was called Annang County (安南县). The county was a frontline of the 1854–1873 Miao Rebellions.

text:
# Qinglong County, Guizhou

**Qinglong County** (simplified Chinese: 晴隆县; traditional Chinese: 晴隆縣; pinyin: *Qínglóng Xiàn*; lit. 'sunny and grand') is a county in the southwest of Guizhou province, China. It is under the administration of the Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. It has a population of 234,162 as of 2020, 56% belonging to ethnic minorities (2019 data). Qinglong is named after the Qinglong mountain, before 1941 it was called Annang County (安南县). The county was a frontline of the 1854–1873 Miao Rebellions.

## Administrative divisions

Qinglong County has 4 subdistricts, 8 towns, 3 townships, and 1 ethnic township under its jurisdiction:

* Liancheng Subdistrict (莲城街道)
* Dongguan Subdistrict (东观街道)
* Sanbao Subdistrict (三宝街道)
* Tenglong Subdistrict (腾龙街道)
* Shazi Town (沙子镇)
* Bihen Town (碧痕镇)
* Dachang Town (大厂镇)
* Jichang Town (鸡场镇)
* Huagong Town (花贡镇)
* Zhongying Town (中营镇)
* Guangzhao Town (光照镇)
* Chama Town (茶马镇)
* Changliu Township (长流乡)
* Zima Township (紫马乡)
* Angu Township (安谷乡)
* Sanbao Yi Ethnic Township (三宝彝族乡)

## Climate

| Climate data for Qinglong, elevation 1,553 m (5,095 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 25.2
(77.4) | 27.8
(82.0) | 32.2
(90.0) | 33.0
(91.4) | 34.6
(94.3) | 32.5
(90.5) | 32.0
(89.6) | 31.0
(87.8) | 31.0
(87.8) | 28.2
(82.8) | 27.3
(81.1) | 24.0
(75.2) | 34.6
(94.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.4
(47.1) | 11.8
(53.2) | 16.4
(61.5) | 21.1
(70.0) | 23.3
(73.9) | 24.2
(75.6) | 25.5
(77.9) | 25.5
(77.9) | 23.1
(73.6) | 18.5
(65.3) | 15.4
(59.7) | 9.9
(49.8) | 18.6
(65.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.9
(40.8) | 7.6
(45.7) | 11.4
(52.5) | 16.0
(60.8) | 18.7
(65.7) | 20.3
(68.5) | 21.3
(70.3) | 21.1
(70.0) | 18.9
(66.0) | 14.9
(58.8) | 11.4
(52.5) | 6.5
(43.7) | 14.4
(57.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.8
(37.0) | 4.8
(40.6) | 8.2
(46.8) | 12.4
(54.3) | 15.3
(59.5) | 17.5
(63.5) | 18.4
(65.1) | 18.1
(64.6) | 16.1
(61.0) | 12.6
(54.7) | 8.8
(47.8) | 4.3
(39.7) | 11.6
(52.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −6.1
(21.0) | −4.5
(23.9) | −4.4
(24.1) | 1.5
(34.7) | 6.5
(43.7) | 10.3
(50.5) | 12.5
(54.5) | 13.3
(55.9) | 7.0
(44.6) | 2.8
(37.0) | −1.5
(29.3) | −5.8
(21.6) | −6.1
(21.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 37.0
(1.46) | 27.0
(1.06) | 44.2
(1.74) | 65.2
(2.57) | 163.0
(6.42) | 328.2
(12.92) | 281.0
(11.06) | 229.7
(9.04) | 135.8
(5.35) | 104.7
(4.12) | 37.4
(1.47) | 29.0
(1.14) | 1,482.2
(58.35) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 18.6 | 15.0 | 15.4 | 14.0 | 16.4 | 20.2 | 18.9 | 18.0 | 14.7 | 17.6 | 12.3 | 16.2 | 197.3 |
| Average snowy days | 3.9 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 7.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 87 | 81 | 77 | 74 | 76 | 84 | 85 | 83 | 82 | 85 | 82 | 85 | 82 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 62.2 | 85.9 | 111.7 | 139.5 | 136.3 | 101.7 | 133.5 | 149.3 | 117.9 | 80.7 | 98.6 | 69.9 | 1,287.2 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 19 | 27 | 30 | 36 | 33 | 25 | 32 | 37 | 32 | 23 | 30 | 21 | 29 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Qinglong County 晴隆县 | |
| --- | --- |
| County | |
|  | |
| QinglongLocation of the seat in GuizhouQinglongQinglong (Southwest China) | |
| Coordinates (Qinglong County government): 25°50′05″N 105°13′08″E / 25.8348°N 105.2190°E / 25.8348; 105.2190 | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Guizhou |
| Autonomous prefecture | Qianxinan |
| County seat | Liancheng |
| Area | |
| County | 1,327 km2 (512 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 2,025 m (6,644 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 543 m (1,781 ft) |
| Population (2020) | |
| County | 234,162 |
| Density | 180/km2 (460/sq mi) |
| Urban | 76,937 |
| Rural | 157,225 |
| Ethnic minorities (2019) | 152,300 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Website | www.gzql.gov.cn |


title: Daniel M. Fox

abstract: Daniel M. Fox was the Mayor of Philadelphia from 1869 to 1872.

text:
# Daniel M. Fox

**Daniel M. Fox** (June 16, 1819 – March 20, 1890) was the Mayor of Philadelphia from 1869 to 1872.

## Life

Fox was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to John and Margaret Fox and was reared in the former Northern Liberties Township. Upon completing school, he worked as a salesman before studying conveyancing, working under a practitioner for five years before going into business for himself. At twenty-one, he was elected a school director in Northern Liberties, including service as president of the board, and also represented the district in the board of health and was elected a director of Girard College by the Philadelphia City Council. He represented Philadelphia's 12th Ward in the Select Council for three years until 1861.

Fox ran unsuccessfully for mayor as the nominee of the Democratic Party in 1862 and 1865, losing to Republicans Alexander Henry and Morton McMichael, respectively. He won the mayoral election of 1868 against Hector Tyndale by a close margin, a matter that was resolved by the courts after the results were contested. During his tenure, improvements were made to sanitary conditions in the city and the Philadelphia Fire Department was established, a move that proved controversial with the displaced volunteer fire houses, a number of which displayed effigies of the mayor.

After his term as mayor, Fox served as president of the Philadelphia Conveyancers' Association. He died on March 20, 1890, in Atlantic City, New Jersey.


title: Flag Officer First Flotilla

abstract: The First Flotilla was a naval formation of the British Royal Navy commanded by the Flag Officer, First Flotilla from 1971 to 1990. The Western Fleet and Far East Fleet were merged into the single Commander-in-Chief Fleet in 1971. Within this new structure three rear-admirals' appointments were created, the Flag Officer First Flotilla, Flag Officer Second Flotilla and Flag Officer, Carriers and Amphibious Ships. In 1990 the First, Second and Third Flotillas were unified to create a single formation called the Surface Flotilla.

text:
# Flag Officer First Flotilla

The **First Flotilla** was a naval formation of the British Royal Navy commanded by the Flag Officer, First Flotilla from 1971 to 1990.

The Western Fleet and Far East Fleet were merged into the single Commander-in-Chief Fleet in 1971. Within this new structure three rear-admirals' appointments were created, the Flag Officer First Flotilla, Flag Officer Second Flotilla and Flag Officer, Carriers and Amphibious Ships. In 1990 the First, Second and Third Flotillas were unified to create a single formation called the Surface Flotilla.

## Flag Officer First Flotilla

| Flag Officer, First Flotilla (FOF1) | |
| --- | --- |
| Ensign of the Royal Navy | |
| Navy Department, Ministry of Defence | |
| Reports to | Commander-in-Chief, Fleet |
| Nominator | Secretary of State for Defence |
| Appointer | *Prime Minister*<br>Subject to formal approval by the Queen-in-Council |
| Term length | Not fixed (typically 1–4 years) |
| Inaugural holder | Rear-Admiral John Ernle Pope |
| Formation | 1971-1990 |

The Flag Officer, First Flotilla (FOF1) was a senior Royal Navy post that existed from 1971 to 1990.

Post holders included:

Note: the office is re-designated Flag Officer, Surface Flotilla.

## Structure

At various times included:

| Unit | Date | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1st Frigate Squadron | 1972-1981 |  |
| 2nd Frigate Squadron | 1972-1981 |  |
| 3rd Frigate Squadron | 1972-1977 |  |
| 4th Frigate Squadron | 1972-1976 |  |
| 5th Frigate Squadron | 1976-1977 |  |
| 6th Frigate Squadron | 1977-1981 |  |
| 3rd Destroyer Squadron | 1980-1990 |  |
|

### Footnotes

### Sources

* Mackie, Colin. (2018) "Royal Navy Senior Appointments from 1865" (PDF). gulabin.com. Colin Mackie. Scotland, UK.
* Roberts, John (2009). Safeguarding the Nation: The Story of the Modern Royal Navy. Barnsley, England: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 9781848320437.
* Smith, Gordon. (2015) "Royal Navy Organisation and Ship Deployment 1947-2013:FLEET ORGANISATION, 1981-2002". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith.

## InfoBox

| First Flotilla | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 1971 – 1990 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | Royal Navy |
| Size | Flotilla |
| Part of | Commander-in-Chief Fleet |
| Garrison/HQ | HMNB Portsmouth |
| Commanders | |
| First | Rear-Admiral John Ernle Pope |
| Last | Vice-Admiral A. Peter Woodhead |


title: Shane Yost

abstract: Shane Yost is a retired Australian professional roller blader and was the 2000 ASA number one ranked vert skater in the world. He was the first roller blader to land a switch 1080 and the first skater to land a frontside 1260. Yost revolutionized the world of inline skating with his clean style and incredible flair. Best Tricks Fakie 1080, First person to ever land a frontside 1260 in competition, Frontside Double 360 Garfunkel, First person to land a Fakie Garfunkel.

text:
# Shane Yost

**Shane Yost** is a retired Australian professional roller blader and was the 2000 ASA number one ranked vert skater in the world. He was the first roller blader to land a switch 1080 and the first skater to land a frontside 1260. Yost revolutionized the world of inline skating with his clean style and incredible flair.

**Best Tricks** Fakie 1080, First person to ever land a frontside 1260 in competition, Frontside Double 360 Garfunkel, First person to land a Fakie Garfunkel.

## Vert Competitions

* 2015 Australian Rolling Open, Canberra, ACT - Vert: Gold Medalist
* 2014 Australian Rolling Open, Geelong, VIC - Vert: Gold Medalist
* 2008 LG Action Sports World Championships, Seattle, WA - Vert: Silver Medalist
* 2008 Asian X Games, Shanghai - Vert: 3rd
* 2007 LG Action Sports World Championships, Dallas, TX - Vert: Silver Medalist
* 2007 Action Sports World Tour, San Diego, CA - Vert: 4th
* 2007 Asian X Games, Shanghai - Vert: 2nd
* 2007 Vodafone X-Air, Wellington, New Zealand - Vert: 2nd
* 2006 LG Action Sports World Championships, Dallas, TX - Vert: 3rd
* 2006 LG Action Sports World Tour, Paris, France - Vert: 2nd
* 2006 LG Action Sports World Tour, Berlin, Germany - Vert: 1st
* 2006 LG Action Sports World Tour, Birmingham, England - Vert: 1st
* 2006 LG Action Sports World Tour, Amsterdam, Netherlands - Vert: 2nd
* 2006 Action Sports World Tour, Richmond, VA - Vert: 4th
* LG Action Sports World Championship, Manchester, England - Vert: 3rd
* LG Action Sports World Tour, Moscow, Russia - Vert: 3rd
* 2003 ASA Pro Tour, Cleveland, OH: 6th
* 2003 ASA Pro Tour, Milwaukee, WI: 2nd
* 2003 ASA Pro Tour, Cincinnati, OH: 2nd
* 2003 ASA Pro Tour, Los Angeles, CA: 2nd
* 2003 World X Games: 3rd
* 2002 ASA World Championships: 2nd
* 2002 ASA Pro Tour, Baltimore, MD: 2nd
* 2002 Gravity Games: 3rd
* 2002 ASA Pro Tour, San Diego, CA: 4th
* 2002 ASA Pro Tour, Cincinnati, OH: 3rd
* 2001 X Games - Vert: Bronze Medalist

## InfoBox

Shane Yost
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Born | (1977-07-06) 6 July 1977<br>Launceston, Australia |
| Height | 5,8 |
| Medal record      Summer X Games  Representing  Australia  2008 Seattle, WA, USA  Vert  2008 Shanghai, China  Vert  2007 Dallas, TX, USA  Vert  2007 Shanghai, China  Vert  2006 Dallas, TX, USA  Vert  2006 Paris, France  Vert  2006 Berlin, Germany  Vert  2006 Birmingham, England  Vert  2006 Amsterdam, Netherlands  Vert  2005 Manchester, England  Vert  2005 Moscow, Russia  Vert  2003 Milwaukee, WI, USA  Vert  2003 Cincinnati, OH, USA  Vert  2003 Los Angeles, USA  Vert  2003 USA  Vert  2002 USA  Vert  2002 Baltimore, MD, USA  Vert  2002 USA  Vert  2002 USA  Vert  2001 USA  Vert  2000 USA  Vert | |


title: Predicate dispatch

abstract: In computer programming, predicate dispatch is a generalisation of multiple dispatch ("multimethods") that allows the method to call to be selected at runtime based on arbitrary decidable logical predicates and/or pattern matching attached to a method declaration. Raku supports predicate dispatch using "where" clauses that can execute arbitrary code against any function or method parameter. Julia has a package for it with PatternDispatch.jl but otherwise natively supports multiple dispatch. Experimental implementations have been created for Common LISP, and for Java (JPred). It allows open extension of previously declared methods at a fine-grained level, but multiple extensions with identical or overlapping predicates created by different developers may interfere with each other in unanticipated ways. In this respect it is similar to aspect-oriented programming.

text:
# Predicate dispatch

In computer programming, **predicate dispatch** is a generalisation of multiple dispatch ("multimethods") that allows the method to call to be selected at runtime based on arbitrary decidable logical predicates and/or pattern matching attached to a method declaration.

Raku supports predicate dispatch using "where" clauses that can execute arbitrary code against any function or method parameter.

Julia has a package for it with *PatternDispatch.jl* but otherwise natively supports multiple dispatch.

Experimental implementations have been created for Common LISP, and for Java (JPred).

It allows open extension of previously declared methods at a fine-grained level, but multiple extensions with identical or overlapping predicates created by different developers may interfere with each other in unanticipated ways. In this respect it is similar to aspect-oriented programming.


title: Shahrdari Tabriz FSC

abstract: Shahrdari Tabriz Cultural and Athletic Club is an Iranian sports club most widely known for its professional futsal team based in Tabriz, Iran.They currently compete in the Iranian Futsal Super League, the 1st tier of Iranian futsal.

text:
# Shahrdari Tabriz FSC

**Shahrdari Tabriz Cultural and Athletic Club** (Persian: باشگاه فرهنگی ورزشی شهرداري تبريز) is an Iranian sports club most widely known for its professional futsal team based in Tabriz, Iran.They currently compete in the Iranian Futsal Super League, the 1st tier of Iranian futsal.

## Season-by-season

The table below chronicles the achievements of the Club in various competitions.

| Season | League | Position | Hazfi | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | 2 Div | ?? |  | Promoted Play Off |
| 2009–10 | 1 Div | 6th/Group A | | bought Romatism Tehran |
| 2010–11 | 1 Div | 4th/Group A | |  |
| 2011-12 | 1 Div | 1st/Group A | | Promoted |
| 2012-13 | Super League | 7th | |  |
| 2013-14 | Super League | 8th | Semi-Final |  |

## Honours

## First-team squad 2012-13

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  1   IRN Yaghob Filgosh  2   IRN Babak Akbari  3   IRN Ramin Rostamiyan  5   IRN Babak Nasiri  6   IRN Moslm Rostamiha  7   IRN Majid Tikdarinejad  8   IRN Hashem Amnizadeh  10   IRN Majid Rezaei  11   IRN Hamed Hossienzadeh  12   IRN Amin Mehmandoost | No. Pos. Nation Player  13   IRN Iraj Jahanbakhsh  16   IRN Morteza Ezati  17   IRN Davood Tajbakhsh  18 DF  IRN Vahid Shafiei  19   IRN Hamid Charkhiyan  21   IRN Saeed Moemeni  22   IRN Hatef Ghanbari  IRN Afshin Sepah  IRN Ali Mikaeili |
| --- | --- |

## InfoBox

Shahrdari Tabriz FSC
شهرداري تبريز
| Full name | Shahrdari Tabriz Futsal Club |
| --- | --- |
| Dissolved | August, 2014 |
| Ground | Shahid Pour Sharifi Arena <br>Tabriz |
| Capacity | 6,000 |
| Chairman | Mir Masoum Sohrabi |
| Head Coach | Esmail Taghipour |
| League | Super League |
| 2013-14 | 8th |
| Website | Club website |


title: Delvine Relin Meringor

abstract: Delvine Relin Meringor is a Kenyan-born Romanian long distance runner. She ran the marathon at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Delvine Relin Meringor

**Delvine Relin Meringor** (born 1 August 1992) is a Kenyan-born Romanian long distance runner. She ran the marathon at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

## Career

Running for Kenya, she finished fourth in Edinburgh at the 2008 IAAF World Cross Country Championships in the Junior women's race, Winning a silver medal in the team event.

She was given Romanian citizenship in May 2021. In March 2023, she finished in 3rd place at the Barcelona Marathon in a time of 2:20:48.

She finished fourth at the 2024 European Athletics Championships in the Women's half marathon, running a time of 1:09:25 in Rome.

She ran the marathon at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris on 11 August 2024, placing seventh overall.

## InfoBox

Delvine Relin Meringor
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Nationality | Romanian |
| Born | (1992-08-01) 1 August 1992 |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Event | Long distance running |
| Achievements and titles | |
| Personal best(s) | **Marathon:** 2:20:29 (2023)<br>**Half marathon:** 1:07:48 (2021) |


title: Public Communications Inc.

abstract: Public Communications Inc. (PCI) is a Chicago, Illinois-based communications agency specializing in crisis and issues management counsel, digital and social marketing services, and integrated communications for healthcare, conservation/environment, education, culture and destination marketing, civic and park district, and nonprofit organizations. Other services include senior counsel for brand and reputation management, executive/board strategic planning, media and presentation coaching; fundraising campaign communications; product launch and lifecycle promotions; awareness campaigns and events; websites, online platforms and collateral. PCI is a founding partner of Worldcom PR Group.

text:
# Public Communications Inc.

**Public Communications Inc. (PCI)** is a Chicago, Illinois-based communications agency specializing in crisis and issues management counsel, digital and social marketing services, and integrated communications for healthcare, conservation/environment, education, culture and destination marketing, civic and park district, and nonprofit organizations. Other services include senior counsel for brand and reputation management, executive/board strategic planning, media and presentation coaching; fundraising campaign communications; product launch and lifecycle promotions; awareness campaigns and events; websites, online platforms and collateral. PCI is a founding partner of Worldcom PR Group.

## History

Founded in 1962, PCI is consistently ranked by fee income among the largest independent (non-advertising agency owned) firms in the United States and Chicago. The agency is also among the largest certified Women’s Business Enterprise (WBE) public relations agencies in the United States.

In 2014, Jill Allread was named as CEO. Craig Pugh was named President in June 2015.

## InfoBox

Public Communications Inc.
| Industry | Marketing, Public Relations, Communications |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1962 |
| Key people | Jill Allread (CEO)<br>Craig Pugh (President) |
| Website | pcipr.com |


title: Dani Ferron

abstract: Daniel Ferrón Pérez is an Andorran football player. He has played for Andorra national team.

text:
# Dani Ferron

**Daniel Ferrón Pérez** (born 13 March 1980) is an Andorran football player. He has played for Andorra national team.

## National team statistics

| Andorra national team | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Apps | Goals |
|
| 2001 | 1 | 0 |
| 2002 | 1 | 0 |
| 2003 | 1 | 0 |
| 2004 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | 4 | 0 |

## InfoBox

Dani Ferrón
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1980-03-13) 13 March 1980 | | |
| Place of birth | Andorra | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | FC Andorra | | |
| International career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2001–2004 | Andorra | 4 | (0) |


title: Justin Lanning (musician)

abstract: Justin Lanning is a Los Angeles–based singer-songwriter. He began singing at age nine.

text:
# Justin Lanning (musician)

**Justin Lanning** (born November 28, 1985) is a Los Angeles–based singer-songwriter. He began singing at age nine.

## Career

In 2008, his single *Take My Breath Away* was listed on the Billboard *Hot Dance Club Play Chart*. It entered the chart at No. 45 on 28 June 2008 spending two weeks at its highest position of No. 13. It spent at least 11 weeks on the chart.

## InfoBox

| Justin Lanning | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Justin Drew Lanning |
| Born | (1985-11-28) 28 November 1985 |
| Origin | Los Angeles, California |
| Genres | Pop rock |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, piano, drums |
| Years active | 2007-present |
| Labels | Just Love Records |
|  | |
| Website | JustinLanning.com |


title: Shane Yarran

abstract: Shane Yarran was an Australian rules footballer. He played for the Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL) in the 2016 season. Yarran also played for Subiaco and Peel Thunder in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) and for Kelmscott and Gosnells in the Western Australian Amateur Football League (WAAFL). Yarran's football career began in 2013 after he served a six-year prison sentence. After playing in the amateur and country leagues in 2013, he joined Subiaco in the WAFL in 2014 and helped the team win the premiership that year and the next. Yarran was awarded the Bernie Naylor Medal for kicking the most goals in the WAFL in 2015. He was picked up by the Fremantle Dockers in the 2015 AFL national draft and scored 10 goals for the team in the six games he played in the 2016 season. He also played for Peel Thunder in the WAFL in 2016, helping the team win their first premiership. Yarran's football career was plagued by criminal and drug issues off the field. He retired from AFL at the end of 2016 due to his personal issues. He returned to the WAAFL, playing for Kelmscott in 2017. In May 2017, he spent time in jail again following a high-speed police pursuit. In 2018, he played for Gosnells in the WAAFL. Yarran died by suicide in April 2018.

text:
# Shane Yarran

**Shane Yarran** (2 June 1989 – 20 April 2018) was an Australian rules footballer. He played for the Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL) in the 2016 season. Yarran also played for Subiaco and Peel Thunder in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) and for Kelmscott and Gosnells in the Western Australian Amateur Football League (WAAFL).

Yarran's football career began in 2013 after he served a six-year prison sentence. After playing in the amateur and country leagues in 2013, he joined Subiaco in the WAFL in 2014 and helped the team win the premiership that year and the next. Yarran was awarded the Bernie Naylor Medal for kicking the most goals in the WAFL in 2015. He was picked up by the Fremantle Dockers in the 2015 AFL national draft and scored 10 goals for the team in the six games he played in the 2016 season.

He also played for Peel Thunder in the WAFL in 2016, helping the team win their first premiership. Yarran's football career was plagued by criminal and drug issues off the field. He retired from AFL at the end of 2016 due to his personal issues. He returned to the WAAFL, playing for Kelmscott in 2017. In May 2017, he spent time in jail again following a high-speed police pursuit. In 2018, he played for Gosnells in the WAAFL. Yarran died by suicide in April 2018.

## Early life and education

Yarran was born in 1989; his parents were Mick and Cheryl, and he had an older brother, Malcolm. He was a Noongar Aboriginal. Yarran grew up in Midvale, Western Australia, living in his grandparents' home on Bushby Street near Fremantle teammate Michael Walters, West Coast's Nic Naitanui and his cousin Chris Yarran. The four attended the same school and played football together in their childhood. Yarran participated in the Clontarf Foundation's program to improve the lives of young Indigenous men through football. In 2009, Yarran was sentenced to six years in prison for burglary.

## Career

After his release in 2013, Yarran began playing football in the Western Australian Amateur Football League (WAAFL) C1 grade for Gosnells and in the Peel Football League for South Mandurah. He made his debut for Subiaco in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) in 2014. He kicked 39 goals in his first season. In 2015, he kicked 54 goals to win the Bernie Naylor Medal as the leading goalkicker in the WAFL. Subiaco won the premiership in both seasons. Yarran also played for the Indigenous All-Stars in their exhibition match against the West Coast Eagles on 20 February 2015.

He was picked up by Fremantle with the 61st selection in the 2015 AFL national draft. He made his AFL debut playing against Gold Coast in round 18, 2016 at Metricon Stadium. A few weeks earlier he pleaded guilty to a charge of disorderly behaviour and was fined $800 after being arrested outside a Leederville nightclub in June 2016. The club also imposed sanctions on Yarran including undertaking an ongoing counselling program and a period of volunteer work with a community organisation. On 16 November 2016, Yarran was charged with aggravated assault following a family dispute. He pleaded not guilty in February 2017 and the charge was later dropped.

While still a listed Dockers player, Yarran played for Peel Thunder in the 2016 WAFL season. He kicked five goals in their grand final match against his old team Subiaco to help Peel win their first premiership. In December 2016, Yarran retired from AFL football. Fremantle CEO Steve Rosich said "\[Yarran\] and his management believe that focusing on his personal and off-field matters at this time needs to take priority over his football career." He played a total of six games for Fremantle, scoring 10 goals.

In 2017, Yarran returned to the WAAFL and played in the B grade for Kelmscott. In May 2017, Yarran was arrested after a high-speed police pursuit through Gosnells which ended with him jumping from a moving car. He pleaded guilty to charges in August and was sentenced to six months in prison which was backdated to include the three months he had been in custody since his arrest. Yarran was handed a concurrent three-month jail term for failing to stop and fined almost $5000 for several other charges, including driving without a licence, breaching bail and breaching a violence restraining order. Yarran had breached the restraining order when he approached his partner after taking methamphetamine and prescription drugs. He was taken to hospital after he acted erratically and abused police officers. His defence lawyer said Yarran fell into the wrong group of peers and started using drugs after earning more disposable income. Later in August, Yarran was acquitted of assaulting his partner after she failed to turn up to court to give evidence.

Next season, Yarran played for Gosnells in the WAAFL C1 grade. He had also been training with Subiaco since mid-December 2017 and working towards a return to the WAFL. In March 2018, Yarran was convicted (in his absence) of trespassing on two properties in December 2017. He was fined $600 and ordered to pay almost $200 in court costs. Later in March, Yarran was acquitted of an unlawful wounding charge after prosecutors said there was no reasonable prospect of him being convicted. He was alleged to have stabbed a man with a broken bottle during a brawl outside a tavern in Camillo in July 2015. His defence counsel said the charge had triggered Yarran's methamphetamine addiction but that the AFL Players Association was assisting with his rehabilitation. On 6 April 2018, Yarran appeared in court and pleaded not guilty to a charge of attempted aggravated home burglary with intent. He clashed with media outside the court and allegedly shoved a TV cameraman to the ground.

Days before his death, Yarran was subject to verbal abuse by players on the opposing team at his last football game. He was repeatedly called a "criminal", a "wife-basher" and a "gutless thug". Yarran told a confidant after the match that he was unsure if he would continue playing football, given the abuse he was likely to endure.

## Personal life and death

On 20 April 2018, Yarran was found dead in his Seville Grove home after he died by suicide. The Dockers wore black armbands in tribute to Yarran at their game against the Western Bulldogs the next day. He had a daughter.

## Statistics

**Legend**
| G | Goals | K | Kicks | D | Disposals | T | Tackles |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| B | Behinds | H | Handballs | M | Marks |

| Season | Team | No. | Games | Totals | | | | | | | Averages (per game) | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | G | B | K | H | D | M | T | G | B | K | H | D | M | T |
| 2016 | Fremantle | 41 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 45 | 23 | 68 | 24 | 15 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 7.5 | 3.8 | 11.3 | 4.0 | 2.5 |
| Career | | | 6 | 10 | 5 | 45 | 23 | 68 | 24 | 15 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 7.5 | 3.8 | 11.3 | 4.0 | 2.5 |

## InfoBox

| Shane Yarran | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Yarran at Domain Stadium in August 2016 | | | |
| Personal information | | | |
| Nickname(s) | Yaz | | |
| Date of birth | (1989-06-02)2 June 1989 | | |
| Date of death | 20 April 2018(2018-04-20) (aged 28) | | |
| Place of death | Seville Grove, Western Australia | | |
| Original team(s) | Subiaco (WAFL) | | |
| Draft | No. 61, 2015 national draft | | |
| Debut | Round 18, 2016, Fremantle vs. Gold Coast, at Metricon Stadium | | |
| Height | 186 cm (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Weight | 76 kg (168 lb) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 2014–2015 | Subiaco (WAFL) | 39 (93) |
| 2016 | Fremantle | 6 (10) |
|  | Peel Thunder (WAFL) | 9 (17) |
| Representative team honours | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 2015 | Indigenous All-Stars | 1 (1) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 2016.2 State and international statistics correct as of 2015. | | | |
| Career highlights | | | |
|  | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Castellterçol

abstract: Castellterçol is a town in Catalonia. It is in the province of Barcelona, in the comarca of Moianès; until May 2015 it was in Vallès Oriental. As of 2013, the population was 2,402.

text:
# Castellterçol

**Castellterçol** (Catalan pronunciation: \[kəsˌteʎtəɾˈsɔl\]) is a town in Catalonia. It is in the province of Barcelona, in the comarca of Moianès; until May 2015 it was in Vallès Oriental. As of 2013, the population was 2,402.

## InfoBox

| Castellterçol | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Plaça Prat de la Riba | |
|  | |
| CastellterçolLocation in CataloniaCastellterçolCastellterçol (Spain) | |
| Coordinates: 41°45′7″N 2°7′21″E / 41.75194°N 2.12250°E / 41.75194; 2.12250 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Community | Catalonia |
| Province | Barcelona |
| Comarca | Moianès |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Isaac Burgos Lozano (2015) |
| Area | |
| Total | 31.9 km2 (12.3 sq mi) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 2,418 |
| Density | 76/km2 (200/sq mi) |
| Website | www.castelltersol.cat |


title: Predicate crime

abstract: In the criminal law of the United States, a predicate crime or offense is a crime which is a component of a larger crime. The larger crime may be racketeering, money laundering, financing of terrorism, etc. For example, to violate the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act (RICO), a person must "engage in a pattern of racketeering activity", and in particular, must have committed at least two predicate crimes within 10 years. These include bribery, blackmail, extortion, fraud, theft, money laundering, counterfeiting, and illegal gambling. Crimes are predicate to a larger crime if they have a similar purpose to the larger crime. For example, using false identification is itself a crime; it may be a predicate offense to larceny or fraud if it is used to withdraw money from a bank account. Predicate crimes can be charged separately or together with the larger crime.

text:
# Predicate crime

In the criminal law of the United States, a **predicate crime** or **offense** is a crime which is a component of a larger crime. The larger crime may be racketeering, money laundering, financing of terrorism, etc.

For example, to violate the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act (RICO), a person must "engage in a pattern of racketeering activity", and in particular, must have committed at least two predicate crimes within 10 years. These include bribery, blackmail, extortion, fraud, theft, money laundering, counterfeiting, and illegal gambling.

Crimes are predicate to a larger crime if they have a similar purpose to the larger crime. For example, using false identification is itself a crime; it may be a predicate offense to larceny or fraud if it is used to withdraw money from a bank account.

Predicate crimes can be charged separately or together with the larger crime.

## Money Laundering

Crimes that are specific to anti-money laundering (AML) programs have been referred to as Predicate Offenses (or Predicate Crimes) since the establishment of the FATF 40 Recommendations in October, 2004. Since 2004, the FATF have updated the 40 Recommendations to expand the list of predicate offences. Financial intelligence units in the European Union and United States have created legislation to mirror or expand these offences. In the United States, these offences were initially created by the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970 and have subsequently been expanded by the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001. The predicate offences are codified in 18 USC § 1956(c)(7). With the passage of the 6th EU Money Laundering Directive, the European Union has now adopted as standard set of Predicate Offences to mitigate loopholes in member state AML legislation.

| Offense | EU 6MLD | FinCEN | FATF 2018 | FATF 2004 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Arms Trafficking |  |  |  |  |
| Arson |  |  |  |  |
| Concealment of Assets |  |  |  |  |
| Corruption & Bribery |  |  |  |  |
| Counterfeiting Currency |  |  |  |  |
| Counterfeiting Products |  |  |  |  |
| Cybercrime |  |  |  |  |
| Drug Trafficking |  |  |  |  |
| Environmental Crime |  |  |  |  |
| Extortion |  |  |  |  |
| Forgery |  |  |  |  |
| Fraud |  |  |  |  |
| Human Trafficking / Migrant Smuggling |  |  |  |  |
| Insider Trading & Market Manipulation |  |  |  |  |
| Kidnapping, Illegal Restraint, and Hostage-taking |  |  |  |  |
| Organized Crime / Racketeering |  |  |  |  |
| Piracy |  |  |  |  |
| Robbery or Theft |  |  |  |  |
| Sexual Exploitation |  |  |  |  |
| Smuggling |  |  |  |  |
| Tax Crimes |  |  |  |  |
| Terrorism / Terrorist Financing |  |  |  |  |
| Trafficking in Stolen Goods |  |  |  |  |
| Violent Crime (Murder & Grievous Bodily Injury) |  |  |  |  |

## Etymology

"Predicate" as an adjective originally means "something said of a subject", originally from Latin *praedicare* 'to proclaim or make known'. In logic, it came to mean to assert something. In U.S. legal usage, it is a "basis or foundation on which something rests".

1. "Predicate Offence". *AML-CFT*. Retrieved 2019-05-13.
2. "Criminal Law Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Law :: Justia". *www.justia.com*. Retrieved 2019-05-09.
3. "Redirecting..." *heinonline.org*. Retrieved 2019-05-08. `{{cite web}}`: Cite uses generic title (help)
4. Glossary, Legal (2013-10-13). "Predicate crime". *Legal-Glossary*. Retrieved 2019-05-08.
5. "The 40 Recommendations, published October 2004". *www.fatf-gafi.org*. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
6. "18 U.S. Code § 1956 - Laundering of monetary instruments". *LII / Legal Information Institute*. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
7. *Directive (EU) 2018/1673 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2018 on combating money laundering by criminal law*, vol. OJ L, 2018-11-12, retrieved 2020-07-06
8. "Predicate Offenses, FinCEN, and the 6MLD". *Medium*. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
9. *Oxford English Dictionary*, Third Edition, March 2007, *s.v.*


title: Delvino, Blagoevgrad Province

abstract: Delvino is a sparsely populated village in Blagoevgrad Municipality, in Blagoevgrad Province, Bulgaria. It is situated in Rila mountain few kilometers east of Blagoevgrad.

text:
# Delvino, Blagoevgrad Province

**Delvino** is a sparsely populated village in Blagoevgrad Municipality, in Blagoevgrad Province, Bulgaria. It is situated in Rila mountain few kilometers east of Blagoevgrad.

## InfoBox

| Delvino Делвино | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Delvino | |
| Coordinates: 42°1′N 23°8′E / 42.017°N 23.133°E / 42.017; 23.133 | |
| Country | Bulgaria |
| Province | Blagoevgrad Province |
| Municipality | Blagoevgrad |
| Government | |
| Suffragan Mayor | Lyuben Parashkanski |
| Area | |
| Total | 6.912 km2 (2.669 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 694 m (2,277 ft) |
| Population (15 December 2010) | |
| Total | 66 |
|  | GRAO |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal Code | 2728 |
| Area code | 073 |


title: Predicate transfer

abstract: In linguistics, predicate transfer is the reassignment of a property to an object which would not otherwise inherently have that property. Thus, the expression "I am parked out back" conveys the meaning of "parked" from "car" to the property of "I possess a car". This avoids incorrect polysemous interpretations of "parked": that "people can be parked", or that "I am pretending to be a car", or that "I am something which can be parked". This is supported by the morphology: "We are parked out back" does not mean that there are multiple cars; rather, that there are multiple passengers.

text:
# Predicate transfer

In linguistics, predicate transfer is the reassignment of a property to an object which would not otherwise inherently have that property. Thus, the expression "*I am parked out back*" conveys the meaning of "parked" from "car" to the property of "I possess a car". This avoids incorrect polysemous interpretations of "parked": that "people can be parked", or that "I am pretending to be a car", or that "I am something which can be parked". This is supported by the morphology: "*We are parked out back*" does not mean that there are multiple cars; rather, that there are multiple passengers (having the property of being in possession of a car).

1. G. Nunberg, "Transfers of Meaning", *Journal of Semantics*, 1995 - Oxford Univ Press


title: Drainage divide

abstract: A drainage divide, water divide, ridgeline, watershed, water parting or height of land is elevated terrain that separates neighboring drainage basins. On rugged land, the divide lies along topographical ridges, and may be in the form of a single range of hills or mountains, known as a dividing range. On flat terrain, especially where the ground is marshy, the divide may be difficult to discern. A triple divide is a point, often a summit, where three drainage basins meet. A valley floor divide is a low drainage divide that runs across a valley, sometimes created by deposition or stream capture. Major divides separating rivers that drain to different seas or oceans are continental divides. The term height of land is used in Canada and the United States to refer to a drainage divide. It is frequently used in border descriptions, which are set according to the "doctrine of natural boundaries". In glaciated areas it often refers to a low point on a divide where it is possible to portage a canoe from one river system to another.

text:
# Drainage divide

A **drainage divide**, **water divide**, **ridgeline**, **watershed**, **water parting** or **height of land** is elevated terrain that separates neighboring drainage basins. On rugged land, the divide lies along topographical ridges, and may be in the form of a single range of hills or mountains, known as a **dividing range**. On flat terrain, especially where the ground is marshy, the divide may be difficult to discern.

A triple divide is a point, often a summit, where three drainage basins meet. A *valley floor divide* is a low drainage divide that runs across a valley, sometimes created by deposition or stream capture. Major divides separating rivers that drain to different seas or oceans are continental divides.

The term *height of land* is used in Canada and the United States to refer to a drainage divide. It is frequently used in border descriptions, which are set according to the "doctrine of natural boundaries". In glaciated areas it often refers to a low point on a divide where it is possible to portage a canoe from one river system to another.

## Types

Drainage divides can be divided into three types:

## Valley-floor divides

A valley-floor divide occurs on the bottom of a valley and arises as a result of subsequent depositions, such as scree, in a valley through which a river originally flowed continuously.

Examples include the Kartitsch Saddle in the Gail valley in East Tyrol, which forms the watershed between the Drau and the Gail, and the divides in the *Toblacher Feld* between Innichen and Toblach in Italy, where the Drau empties into the Black Sea and the Rienz into the Adriatic.

Settlements are often built on valley-floor divides in the Alps. Examples are Eben im Pongau, Kirchberg in Tirol and Waidring (In all of these, the village name indicates the pass and the watershed is even explicitly displayed in the coat of arms). Extremely low divides with heights of less than two metres are found on the North German Plain within the *Urstromtäler*, for example, between Havel and Finow in the *Eberswalde Urstromtal*. In marsh deltas such as the Okavango, the largest drainage area on earth, or in large lakes areas, such as the Finnish Lakeland, it is difficult to find a meaningful definition of a watershed.

A bifurcation is where the watershed is effectively in a river bed, in a wetland, or underground. The largest watershed of this type is the bifurcation of the Orinoco in the north of South America, whose main stream empties into the Caribbean, but which also drains into the South Atlantic via the Casiquiare canal and Amazon River.

## Political boundaries

Since ridgelines are sometimes easy to see and agree about, drainage divides may form natural borders defining political boundaries, as with the Royal Proclamation of 1763 in British North America which coincided with the ridgeline of the Appalachian Mountains forming the Eastern Continental Divide that separated settled colonial lands in the east from Indian Territory to the west. Another instance of a border matching a watershed in modern times involves the western border between Labrador and Quebec, as arbitrated by the privy council in 1927.

## Portages and canals

Drainage divides hinder waterway navigation. In pre-industrial times, water divides were crossed at portages. Later, canals connected adjoining drainage basins; a key problem in such canals is ensuring a sufficient water supply. Important examples are the Chicago Portage, connecting the Great Lakes and Mississippi by the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, and the Canal des Deux Mers in France, connecting the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. The name is enshrined at the Height of Land Portage on the route from the Great Lakes in the Atlantic drainage basin to the Hudson Bay drainage basin.

## Further reading

* DeBarry, Paul A. (2004). *Watersheds : processes, assessment, and management*. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. ISBN 978-0471264231.


title: Puerto Rico Highway 35

abstract: Puerto Rico Highway 35 (PR-35), also known as Avenida Manuel Fernández Juncos, is an urban road in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

text:
# Puerto Rico Highway 35

**Puerto Rico Highway 35** (**PR-35**), also known as *Avenida Manuel Fernández Juncos*, is an urban road in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

## Route description

It begins at Miramar, from the intersection of PR-1 (Expreso Luis Muñoz Rivera) and PR-26 (Expreso Román Baldorioty de Castro) to the PR-1 (Avenida Luis Muñoz Rivera), near Hato Rey. It is a road that runs parallel to the PR-25 (Avenida Juan Ponce de León). Among its intersections are PR-39 (Calle Cerra), PR-2 and PR-37.

## Major intersections

The entire route is located in Santurce, San Juan.

| km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 4.1 | 2.5 |
PR-1 south (Avenida Luis Muñoz Rivera) Hato Rey | Southern terminus of PR-35 |
| 3.8–
3.7 | 2.4–
2.3 |

To PR-1 north (Expreso Luis Muñoz Rivera) / PR-36 (Avenida Borinquen) Santurce, Bayamón, Caguas |  |
| 3.0 | 1.9 | PR-Avenida José Fidalgo Díaz / PR-Calle Los Ángeles Santurce |  |
| 2.5 | 1.6 | PR-37 (Calle Doctor Manuel Fernández Pavía) Santurce | One-way street |
| 2.4 | 1.5 |
PR-22 west (Autopista José de Diego) Bayamón, Caguas | PR-22 exit 0B; incomplete diamond interchange; eastbound exit and westbound entrance |
| 1.7–
1.6 | 1.1–
0.99 | PR-2 (Avenida Roberto H. Todd) San Juan, Bayamón |  |
| 1.2–
1.1 | 0.75–
0.68 | PR-39 (Calle Cerra) Santurce | One-way street; northbound access via Calle Monserrate |
| 0.0 | 0.0 | PR-16 (Bulevar Román Baldorioty de Castro) Santurce | Northern terminus of PR-35 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Highway 35 | |
| --- | --- |
| *Ruta 35* | |
| *Avenida Manuel Fernández Juncos* | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by Puerto Rico DTPW | |
| Length | 4.1 km (2.5 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | PR-1 in Santurce |
| Major intersections |  |
| North end | PR-16 in Santurce |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| Territory | Puerto Rico |
| Municipalities | San Juan |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| PR-34   PR-36 | |


title: Quadrangle Group

abstract: Quadrangle Group LLC is a private investment firm focused on private equity. The firm invests in middle-market companies within the media, communications and information-based sectors. The firm, which is based in New York City, was founded in 2000, has raised approximately $3 billion of private equity capital since inception and employs approximately 40 investment professionals in offices in New York and Hong Kong. Quadrangle's private equity business, Quadrangle Capital Partners, raised a $1.1 billion fund in 2000, followed by a $2.0 billion fund in 2005. Citing a not-further-identified "investor letter", a Feb. 2010 news report said the first fund had already returned the full amount to its investors and retained stakes in several companies, while the second fund had about $500 million left to invest and was up 19 percent in 2009. No 2008 fund was referenced in the report. In February, 2009, Steven Rattner left Quadrangle when he was named as lead auto industry adviser to United States Treasury Department Secretary Timothy Geithner. A report at the time said that Michael Huber, who joined the firm in 2000, and Joshua L. Steiner would become co-presidents of the firm.

text:
# Quadrangle Group

**Quadrangle Group LLC** is a private investment firm focused on private equity. The firm invests in middle-market companies within the media, communications and information-based sectors.

The firm, which is based in New York City, was founded in 2000, has raised approximately $3 billion of private equity capital since inception and employs approximately 40 investment professionals in offices in New York and Hong Kong.

Quadrangle's private equity business, Quadrangle Capital Partners, raised a $1.1 billion fund in 2000, followed by a $2.0 billion fund in 2005. Citing a not-further-identified "investor letter", a Feb. 2010 news report said the first fund had already returned the full amount to its investors and retained stakes in several companies, while the second fund had about $500 million left to invest and was up 19 percent in 2009. No 2008 fund was referenced in the report.

In February, 2009, Steven Rattner left Quadrangle when he was named as lead auto industry adviser to United States Treasury Department Secretary Timothy Geithner. A report at the time said that Michael Huber, who joined the firm in 2000, and Joshua L. Steiner would become co-presidents of the firm.

## Bloomberg relationship

In January, 2008, it was reported that New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg's extensive business interests were placed in "a sort of blind trust" with Quadrangle because of Bloomberg's possible run for the presidency. Bloomberg was reported to be a friend of Rattner. Bloomberg would "continue to have control of and access to certain investment decisions." In February, 2009, when Rattner left, a report said Quadrangle would continue with its responsibilities for Bloomberg.

In February, 2010, Mayor Bloomberg "shift\[ed\] about $5 billion from Quadrangle into a new investment firm devoted solely to \[Bloomberg's\] interest and that of his charitable foundation \[with\] about a dozen employees of Quadrangle," it was reported. Moving to the new unit would be Alice Ruth, who had been recruited to Quadrangle for the Bloomberg job and "who \[before that\] had managed the personal fortune of Gordon Moore, Intel’s co-founder."

## NY State pension fund investigation

Mr. Rattner and Quadrangle were linked to a New York pension fund investigation "within months of his \[Feb. '09\] departure from Quadrangle, and \[Rattner then\] stepped down from his government role" summer 2009. In September, 2009, a number of other firms involved in the pension fund investigation, including Carlyle Group and Riverstone Holdings, either paid fines or had "already agreed to pay settlements and to stop using placement agents," while Rattner and Quadrangle were "among others in talks with Mr. Cuomo’s office." In April, 2010, the firm agreed to pay fines of $7 million to Mr. Cuomo’s office and $5 million to the Securities and Exchange Commission to settle its part. Rattner was not included in the agreement. According to a report, "The allegations against Quadrangle involved a movie deal that a company owned by one of the firm’s funds agreed to distribute. That film called *Chooch* was a project involving a brother of David J. Loglisci, the chief investment officer of the state pension fund. Mr. Loglisci pleaded guilty \[in March 2010\] to securities fraud and admitted that he helped steer pension money to political contributors of the former state Comptroller, Alan G. Hevesi, and to companies that paid kickbacks to Mr. Hevesi’s top political consultant, Hank Morris."

## Investment holdings

It current investment holdings or portfolio companies include:

### Other references

## InfoBox

Quadrangle Group LLC
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry |  |
| Founded | 2000 (2000) |
| Founder |  |
| Headquarters | Seagram Building, New York, New York, United States |
| Products |  |
| Total assets | $3 billion |
| Number of employees | 40+ |
| Website | www.quadranglegroup.com |
| **Footnotes / references**<br> | |


title: Take Off and Landing

abstract: Take Off and Landing is the second solo studio album by Yoshinori Sunahara. It was released on Ki/oon Records on May 21, 1998. It is centered around the fictional Tokyo Underground Airport.

text:
# Take Off and Landing

***Take Off and Landing*** is the second solo studio album by Yoshinori Sunahara. It was released on Ki/oon Records on May 21, 1998. It is centered around the fictional Tokyo Underground Airport.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

Ben Davies of AllMusic gave the album 2.5 out of 5 stars, writing, "most tracks are too repetitive and drawn out."

*Snoozer* placed the album at number 26 on the "50 Best Albums of the Year" list.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Information of TUA" | 2:49 |
| 2. | "Cross Wind Take Off" | 3:41 |
| 3. | "Magic Sunset Street" | 5:53 |
| 4. | "Sony Romantic Electro Wave" | 4:35 |
| 5. | "Sun Song '80" | 5:33 |
| 6. | "2300 Hawaii" | 7:18 |
| 7. | "Count Down" | 1:22 |
| 8. | "Journey Beyond the Stars" | 7:03 |
| 9. | "Life & Space" | 8:11 |
| 10. | "No Sun" | 8:02 |
| 11. | "The Good Timing of the World of Love Song" | 2:41 |
| 12. | "Summer" | 5:06 |
| 13. | "My Love Is Like a Red, Red Rose" | 3:23 |
| 14. | "Welcome to Japan" | 4:47 |
| Total length: | | 70:23 |

## InfoBox

| Take Off and Landing | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Yoshinori Sunahara | |
| Released | May 21, 1998 (1998-05-21) |
| Genre | Electronic |
| Length | 70:23 |
| Label | Ki/oon Records |
| Producer | Yoshinori Sunahara |
| Yoshinori Sunahara chronology | |
| *Crossover*
(1995) ***Take Off and Landing***
(1998) *The Sound of '70s*
(1998) | |


title: Take On Helicopters

abstract: Take On Helicopters is a 2011 flight simulation video game developed by Bohemia Interactive. It was released on 27 October 2011 for Microsoft Windows, with its first official downloadable content, Take On Helicopters: Hinds being released on 15 March 2012. The DLC features three different versions of the Mi-24 Hind. It is the first game in the Take On video game series, followed by Take On Mars. The campaign takes place primarily in the then-future of 2013, on a 3,800 square kilometer section of Seattle, Washington and its surrounding metropolitan area. In the campaign mode, the player takes on the role of a civilian helicopter pilot, Tom Larkin, whose civil aviation business is struggling through hard times. The campaign involves different types of contracts which the player earns money, which can be used to buy, repair, and upgrade helicopters. The campaign also features flashback missions, where the player takes on the role of Larkin's older brother, Joe Larkin, during his military service as a U.S. Army helicopter pilot during a 2012 war in Takistan, the fictional country that was the setting of Bohemia Interactive's 2010 video game, ARMA 2: Operation Arrowhead.

text:
# Take On Helicopters

***Take On Helicopters*** is a 2011 flight simulation video game developed by Bohemia Interactive. It was released on 27 October 2011 for Microsoft Windows, with its first official downloadable content, ***Take On Helicopters: Hinds*** being released on 15 March 2012. The DLC features three different versions of the Mi-24 Hind (Mil Mi-24 V, Mi-24 P and SuperHind Mk.III). It is the first game in the *Take On* video game series, followed by *Take On Mars*.

The campaign takes place primarily in the then-future of 2013, on a 3,800 square kilometer section of Seattle, Washington and its surrounding metropolitan area. In the campaign mode, the player takes on the role of a civilian helicopter pilot, Tom Larkin, whose civil aviation business is struggling through hard times. The campaign involves different types of contracts which the player earns money, which can be used to buy, repair, and upgrade helicopters. The campaign also features flashback missions, where the player takes on the role of Larkin's older brother, Joe Larkin, during his military service as a U.S. Army helicopter pilot during a 2012 war in Takistan, the fictional country that was the setting of Bohemia Interactive's 2010 video game, *ARMA 2: Operation Arrowhead*.

## Plot

In the summer of 2013, former U.S. Army helicopter pilot and war veteran, Joe Larkin, and his younger brother, Tom Larkin, take over their Seattle-based family business, civil aviation provider, Larkin Aviation, after the death of their father, who was also the owner. Only mere weeks away from closure, the Larkin brothers face an uncertain future in a struggling economy. Trying to save what their father has built, they decide to take on contracts, and competitors.

## Gameplay

*Take On Helicopters* is primarily a civil aviation video game focused on rotary-wing aircraft, featuring three different classes of helicopters: light, medium, and heavy. In addition to the career, the game includes challenges, time trials, training, a mission editor, free flight, and multiplayer.

*Take On Helicopters* is set in two large open world terrains (North American and South Asia) based upon real-world terrain-data. The former features 60 km x 60 km terrain of detailed Seattle city, suburban, industrial, water and woodland bodies while the latter - South Asia - includes 120 km x 120 km of deserts, rivers and simple villages. The game also features a powerful mission editor and supports modding. Sample missions and sample helicopter models have been released to support mission editors and mod-makers. The flight model in *Take On Helicopters* is based on helicopter dynamics middleware by RTDynamics.

## Development

On 24 June 2011 a community preview version of *Take On Helicopters* was released to the public. This version was available to anyone who owned *ARMA 2: Operation Arrowhead*. 4 October 2011 a beta version of the game was released for those who had pre-ordered the game. *Bohemia Interactive* regularly releases public beta patches for their games before they are officially released.

## Downloadable content

*Take On Helicopters: Hinds* is the first downloadable content. Shifting focus to a more combat-oriented experience, *Hinds* puts players in the seat of Mil Mi-24, also known as the Hind.

## Reception

*Take On Helicopters* received mostly positive reviews, being praised for its gameplay and scenery, but receiving criticism for its storyline.

## InfoBox

| Take On Helicopters | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Bohemia Interactive |
| Engine | Real Virtuality 3 |
| Platform(s) | Microsoft Windows |
| Release | 27 October 2011 |
| Genre(s) | Amateur flight simulation |
| Mode(s) | Single-player, multiplayer |