title: Encentrum

abstract:
Encentrum is a genus of rotifers belonging to the family Dicranophoridae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution. Species:
  - Encentrum acrodon Wulfert, 1936
  - Encentrum algente Harring, 1921
  - Encentrum alpinum Jersabek, 1999
  - Encentrum arenarium Althaus, 1957
  - Encentrum astridae Sørensen, 2001
  - Encentrum axi Tzschaschel, 1979
  - Encentrum barti De Smet, 2000
  - Encentrum bidentatum
  - Encentrum cruentum Harring & Myers, 1928
  - Encentrum desmeti Jersabek, 1999
  - Encentrum dieteri De Smet, 1995
  - Encentrum enteromorphae Otto, 1936
  - Encentrum eristes Harring & Myers, 1928
  - Encentrum eulitorale Tzschaschel, 1979
  - Encentrum flexile Godske Eriksen, 1968
  - Encentrum forcipatum Dartnall, 1997
  - Encentrum frenoti De Smet, 2002
  - Encentrum goldschmidi Jersabek, 1999
  - Encentrum graingeri Chengalath, 1985
  - Encentrum gulo Wulfert, 1936
  - Encentrum kostei Tzschaschel, 1979
  - Encentrum kutikovae De Smet & Chernyshev, 2006
  - Encentrum lacidum Harring & Myers, 1928
  - Encentrum limicola Otto, 1936
  - Encentrum listense Tzschaschel, 1979
  - Encentrum listensoides De Smet, 2000
  - Encentrum longirostrum Tzschaschel, 1979
  - Encentrum lutra Wulfert, 1936
  - Encentrum marinum
  - Encentrum martes Wulfert, 1939
  - Encentrum matthesi Remane, 1949
  - Encentrum mucronatum Wulfert, 1936
  - Encentrum mustela
  - Encentrum myersi Wulfert, 1936
  - Encentrum nesites Harring & Myers, 1928
  - Encentrum obesum Tzschaschel, 1979
  - Encentrum oculatum Harring & Myers, 1928
  - Encentrum permolle
  - Encentrum permutandum Tzschaschel, 1979
  - Encentrum porsildi Sørensen, 1998
  - Encentrum psammophilum Althaus, 1957
  - Encentrum remanei Voigt, 1957
  - Encentrum rousseleti
  - Encentrum sacculiforme Tzschaschel, 1979
  - Encentrum salsum Myers, 1936
  - Encentrum simillimum Remane, 1929
  - Encentrum spatiatum Wulfert, 1936
  - Encentrum striatum Althaus, 1957
  - Encentrum tectipes Remane, 1949
  - Encentrum tenuidigitatum De Smet, 2000
  - Encentrum uncinatum
  - Encentrum ussuriensis De Smet & Chernyshev, 2006
  - Encentrum valkanovi Althaus, 1957
  - Encentrum villosum Harring & Myers, 1928
  - Encentrum walterkostei Jersabek, 1994 (incomplete list)

text:
# Encentrum

***Encentrum*** is a genus of rotifers belonging to the family Dicranophoridae.

The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Encentrum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Rotifera |
| Class: | Monogononta |
| Order: | Ploima |
| Family: | Dicranophoridae |
| Genus: | *Encentrum*<br>Ehrenberg, 1838 |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Encentroides* Sudzuki, 1960 | |


title: Endotricha pyrosalis

abstract: Endotricha pyrosalis is a moth of the family Pyralidae described by Achille Guenée in 1854. It is found in Australia and is common in Sydney and Melbourne. The wingspan is about 20 mm.

text:
# Endotricha pyrosalis

***Endotricha pyrosalis*** is a moth of the family Pyralidae described by Achille Guenée in 1854. It is found in Australia and is common in Sydney and Melbourne.

The wingspan is about 20 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Endotricha pyrosalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Endotricha* |
| Species: | ***E. pyrosalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Endotricha pyrosalis***<br>Guenée, 1854 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Messatis sabirusalis* Walker, 1859 * *Paconia albifimbrialis* Walker, \[1866\] * *Tricomia auroralis* Walker, \[1866\] * *Rhodaria robinia* Butler, 1882 | |


title: Endotricha pyrrhaema

abstract: Endotricha pyrrhaema is a species of snout moth in the genus Endotricha. It was described by George Hampson in 1916, and is known from New Guinea and Amboina.

text:
# Endotricha pyrrhaema

***Endotricha pyrrhaema*** is a species of snout moth in the genus *Endotricha*. It was described by George Hampson in 1916, and is known from New Guinea and Amboina.

## InfoBox

| *Endotricha pyrrhaema* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Endotricha* |
| Species: | ***E. pyrrhaema*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Endotricha pyrrhaema***<br>Hampson, 1916 | |
|


title: Sceloporus ochoterenae

abstract: Sceloporus ochoterenae, the Queretaran spiny lizard or Ochoterena's lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Phrynosomatidae. It is endemic to Mexico.

text:
# Sceloporus ochoterenae

***Sceloporus ochoterenae***, the **Queretaran spiny lizard** or **Ochoterena's lizard**, is a species of lizard in the family Phrynosomatidae. It is endemic to Mexico.

## InfoBox

| *Sceloporus ochoterenae* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Iguania |
| Family: | Phrynosomatidae |
| Genus: | *Sceloporus* |
| Species: | ***S. ochoterenae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Sceloporus ochoterenae***
H.M. Smith, 1934 | |
|


title: Saphenista nomonana

abstract: Saphenista nomonana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in California, United States. Adults are on wing in April and May.

text:
# Saphenista nomonana

***Saphenista nomonana*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in California, United States.

Adults are on wing in April and May.

## InfoBox

| *Saphenista nomonana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Saphenista* |
| Species: | ***S. nomonana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Saphenista nomonana***<br>(Kearfott, 1907) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Phalonia nomonana* Kearfott, 1907 * *Phalonia voluntaria* Meyrick, 1912 | |


title: FEAST test

abstract: The First European Air Traffic Controller Selection Test (FEAST) is a tool that helps Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs) identify the most suitable candidates for the job of air traffic controllers. FEAST was designed by and made available by (EUROCONTROL), the European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation. It is used by 44 organisations, including civil and military European Air Navigation Service Providers and certified ATC aviation training academies and universities.

text:
# FEAST test

**The First European Air Traffic Controller Selection Test** (**FEAST**) is a tool that helps Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs) identify the most suitable candidates for the job of air traffic controllers. FEAST was designed by and made available by (EUROCONTROL), the European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation. It is used by 44 organisations, including civil and military European Air Navigation Service Providers and certified ATC aviation training academies and universities.

## Structure

The FEAST test package consists of 3 modules:

* FEAST I – a set of cognitive tests and an English language test
* FEAST II – two ATC work sample tests
* FEAST III – a personality questionnaire

Tests are administered in a standardized way, and all results are scored by computer. This is done to ensure the objectivity of the process. The first phase of FEAST aims at measuring basic skills and abilities in decision-making, logical reasoning, visual perception, attention, multi-tasking, and spatial orientation. This phase also includes a test on English language knowledge. All parts of the FEAST I consist of multiple choice questions. Once the candidate has successfully passed the FEAST I tests, they may be invited to attend a second round of testing. In this second phase they do one or two work sample tests:

* the FEAST Dynamic ATC Radar test (FEAST DART)
* and possibly the FEAST Multipass test

These tests are aimed at measuring the multi-tasking abilities. The tests are more complex and require the candidates to perform a number of different tasks at the same time. The third phase of FEAST consists of the assessment of personality traits and behavioral tendencies. The exact content of this phase differs among organizations that use FEAST.

## Content

This is not based on real FEAST tests; it's based in a programme (Skytest) which is not approved by Eurocontrol.

Nearly all parts of the FEAST test consist of multiple-choice questions. The test contains questions related to:

* In a coordinate system, aircraft are represented as dots. Horizontally, lines are called A, B, C, D, and E and vertically, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. For example, the dot C3 is where the lines C and 3 cross. Each square has a length of 10. The directions are depicted in a circle and are represented in degrees. Applicants are to estimate the distance between an aircraft and a given dot, as well as the new heading a plane must face turning to the left or to the right to get to a certain given point. In the coordinate system, many dots and planes can be seen, but the relevant ones must be found quickly.
* Reflex action test: In the so-called ball on the wall test, applicants must push a button when 2 moving objects (a ball and a line or wall) collide. Eventually the screen is divided into 2 parts, requiring concentration on 2 collisions. Finally, 4 parts are simultaneously seen, and one's attention must be on all of them. Sometimes the balls return and collide again. All of the images vary in speed.
* In the English section (which some air traffic control organisations do not see as important, compared with other features of the FEAST test) there are 3 sections:
    + The 1st part is to listen to a sentence, which is interrupted with a beep-tone. Applicants then choose the word (from the choice offered) which is the closest in meaning to the sentence.
    + The 2nd part is the “whole comprehension” of English. Candidates must read 2 texts with 2 different topics. The first text deals with the relationship between bosses and employees within a firm, particularly with the question how to deal with errors, made by the employees and how to distinguish between "punishable" and "non punishable" errors, respectively "avoidable" and "non avoidable" errors and how to cope with them by maintaining a good working atmosphere. The second text is about the relationship between companies and media, particularly how to maintain the companies´ public reputation through a media council.
    + Finally at the 3rd part, one must listen to a telephone conversation, which is about booking a train ticket: The scheduling, particularly the times and the prices of the ticket are often changed and in progress of the conversation, one must remember all data (cancelled as well as topical scheduling times, prices, and so on).
* In the landing instructions, applicants have to guide some aircraft to the ground. Some of the displayed runways are closed. The 2 numbers to the right of the aircraft represent the identification number of the aircraft (on the top) and its speed (on the bottom). The arrow on the runway means that aircraft must land from this direction. Via some dots, which the aircraft has to pass, applicants have some choices to direct the aircraft down to the runway. The rules are that slower aircraft must give way to faster aircraft; no overflying of any runway; and any crossing of the route of any other aircraft is forbidden. However, sometimes a message occurs that selected aircraft have a higher priority, even if they are slow in their speed; or that some aircraft above a certain speed are not allowed to land; or that a certain aircraft must land immediately. Very often, one also must face restricted areas, into which no plane is allowed to enter. There is a short time limit to complete this exercise.
* In a reaction test, applicants have to sort some shapes. On the bottom part of the screen is a small keyboard, on which there are some shapes (triangle, circle, diamond, square, etc.). Suddenly a shape appears on the top part of the screen. The applicant is given approximately 1–2 seconds to push the button corresponding to the shape displayed. Sometimes an instruction appears to sort particular shapes in another way (for example, if you see a triangle, sort it as a square). Sometimes the shapes must be sorted by their colour, independent of the shape itself. Again, there are also sometimes instructions to sort it differently (for example, all red circles must be sorted as blue objects). Very often beside the displayed shape on the top part of the screen, another shape can be seen. If both shapes are the same, applicants must press the “same” button, irrespective of the colour or the figure. This "same" command overrules all other instructions regarding sorting of the shapes. The 2nd part of this is the same as the 1st, but instead using numbers rather than shapes. For example, when the number 48 is displayed, it must be sorted into one category - this would be sorted into “0-250”. However, this exercise also develops as time passes; for example, if the sum of the digits of the number displayed is greater than 10, or if a particular digit appears twice in the given number, it must be sorted as if it were in the category “250-500”, and so forth.
* In the cube test, the applicant's spatial awareness is tested. A net of a cube is shown which must be mentally constructed and compared with 2 cubes. All in all, there are 4 cubes, which always unfolded differently and the candidate knows when a new cube is given in the exercise. Most of the time, one of the cubes corresponds to the net of the cube shown; sometimes none of the 2 options do. There are 25 minutes for 36 cubes. This test is particularly designed to test the left-right coordination, because the nets/areas of the shown cube normally consist of white, orange and blue areas, but especially they consist of arrows, which show into various directions. As one puts the model together, one must particularly decide into which direction the arrows of the constructed cube show. Here ends the first part of the test, if national air traffic control organisations split it into two parts (see above).
* In the final part of the test, local and opposite conflicts on air strips are presented. This is the so-called “flight strip test” or "strip management display" named SDM. During the test, a clock is running in the corner of the screen. The rest of the screen is divided into columns, one for the airspace at each hypothetical airport in the test. At each airport is a collection of strips. These need to be sorted in order of time. Simultaneously, you need to remove strips which have now expired and identify conflicts between both flights coming in and out of the airport and flights in the airport's airspace. While doing this, new strips are continuously added to the display.
* In 2011 SDM was replaced by a brand-new test: DART (Dynamic ATC Radar Test). The DART test requires applicants to guide aircraft safely and efficiently through a system of checkpoints taking certain traffic constraints into consideration: The DART test requires applicants to guide 3 airplanes safely and efficiently through a system of 4 checkpoints (A, B, C, D), taking certain traffic constraints into consideration: All 3 planes are only allowed to fly in an altitude of either 100, 200, or 300. First without any other planes, then with air traffic of various other planes, one does not have control over (and which are normally *always* on collision course) and finally, one must additionally, simultaneously do some mental arithmetic: You are listening to a sequence of letters and digits. Whenever 2 digits are to be heard, one must add them together: For example, "AT3QSK7TBV8PH4" requires at first an addition of "3+7" and then as soon as you hear the digit 8, an addition of "7+8" and then "8+4"; so, in other words, to remember the last digit of the last addition and to add it with the next coming digit. The top priority is, of course, to avoid conflicts or collisions between the planes, but also to give possibly very few commands - as fewest as it is possible. Planes on the screen respond to the given instructions with a certain time delay. You can find more information by accessing the link in the External Links section.

Some air traffic control organisations now add additional tests, for example a special reaction test or detection of a figure (a house) out of a muddle of lines.

## Preparation for FEAST

The tests are demanding in terms of concentration. Resilience and perseverance are required. Therefore, EUROCONTROL advises that the candidates should only attend the testing in a good physical and mental condition. EUROCONTROL discourages specific test preparation; however, there are some general areas in which the candidates can prepare themselves:

* In case of non-native speakers of English, applicants can prepare by improving their general level of English proficiency.
* Applicants may familiarize themselves with basic aviation concepts and terminology (although no ATC background knowledge is required to perform FEAST).
* Candidates could look for information about Air Traffic Control (ATC) and the job of an Air Traffic Controller to familiarise themselves with the challenges and demands of the job.

FEAST tests are designed for beginners with no background in ATC. The tests instructions are very detailed and ensure that everything is explained before the tests start.

## Result

A result is given directly after the test, or via a letter, e-mail or phone call. These results are computed by the central computer of Eurocontrol in Brussels (each candidate is connected with this computer via internet). The score required to proceed to the next round of selection differs from one air traffic control organisation to another. If a candidate has already successfully participated in a FEAST test, Eurocontrol offers a special certificate for trying it again elsewhere. Each company has a different opinion of whether an applicant is allowed to try the test again or not. According to the rules of Eurocontrol, unsuccessful applicants must wait 2 years before a second attempt.

## Criticism and commendation of the FEAST test

Although 44 member states of Eurocontrol use the FEAST test, it is not as popular elsewhere. The reason for this is that, until January 2015, the test could only be provided to ANSPs and ATC training academies in Eurocontrol member states. A particular criticism of the FEAST test refers to the English part of the FEAST test: some national air traffic control organisations add (after a successful FEAST test) an oral English test (a conversation with a native English speaking air traffic controller). The results of this oral English test are equivalent to the so-called "ICAO Level 4 English Knowledge Requirement"\[1\], which every pilot and air traffic controller must have. People who obtain relatively low scores in the English part of the FEAST test often pass this second English test easily and one can doubt how objective the English part of the FEAST test actually is.

On the other hand, the FEAST test is seen to be a very fair test: if this test is taken directly at Eurocontrol, all travel expenses and costs of hotels are reimbursed, as far as the applicant's residence is out of an area of 50 km from the Maastricht upper area control centre. Everyone, especially those of poorer member-countries of Eurocontrol, has a fair and realistic chance. Excessively so, no specific knowledge of mathematics or physics are required. Psychological "pre-selections" do not exist either. Applicants from all member countries of Eurocontrol are encouraged to participate and since the systems of education of each of the member states are rather different, Eurocontrol sets the priority of the FEAST test on basic skills. Additionally, unlike some other national air traffic control organisations, multiple attempts are possible.

1. "Search". *www.eurocontrol.int*. Retrieved 2019-08-23.


title: Diffuser (thermodynamics)

abstract: A diffuser is "a device for reducing the velocity and increasing the static pressure of a fluid passing through a system”. The fluid's static pressure rise as it passes through a duct is commonly referred to as pressure recovery. In contrast, a nozzle is used to increase the discharge velocity and lower the pressure of a fluid passing through it. Frictional effects during analysis can sometimes be important, but usually they are neglected. Ducts containing fluids flowing at low velocity can usually be analyzed using Bernoulli's principle. Analyzing ducts flowing at higher velocities with Mach numbers in excess of 0.3 usually require compressible flow relations. A typical subsonic diffuser is a duct that increases in area in the direction of flow. As the area increases, fluid velocity decreases, and static pressure rises.

text:
# Diffuser (thermodynamics)

A **diffuser** is "a device for reducing the velocity and increasing the static pressure of a fluid passing through a system”. The fluid's static pressure rise as it passes through a duct is commonly referred to as pressure recovery. In contrast, a nozzle is used to increase the discharge velocity and lower the pressure of a fluid passing through it.

Frictional effects during analysis can sometimes be important, but usually they are neglected. Ducts containing fluids flowing at low velocity can usually be analyzed using Bernoulli's principle. Analyzing ducts flowing at higher velocities with Mach numbers in excess of 0.3 usually require compressible flow relations.

A typical subsonic diffuser is a duct that increases in area in the direction of flow. As the area increases, fluid velocity decreases, and static pressure rises.

## Supersonic diffusers

A supersonic diffuser is a duct that decreases in area in the direction of flow which causes the fluid temperature, pressure, and density to increase, and velocity to decrease. These changes occur because the fluid is compressible. Shock waves may also play an important role in a supersonic diffuser.

## Applications

Diffusers are very common in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems. Diffusers are used in both all-air and air-water HVAC systems, as part of room air distribution subsystems, and serve several purposes:

* To deliver both conditioning and ventilating air
* Evenly distribute the flow of air, in the desired directions
* To enhance mixing of room air into the primary air being discharged
* Often to cause the air jet(s) to attach to a ceiling or other surface, taking advantage of the Coandă effect
* To create low-velocity air movement in the occupied portion of room
* Accomplish the above while producing the minimum amount of noise

When possible, dampers, extractors, and other flow control devices should not be placed near diffusers' inlets (necks), either not being used at all or being placed far upstream. They have been shown to dramatically increase noise production. For as-cataloged diffuser performance, a straight section of duct needs serve a diffuser. An elbow, or kinked flex duct, just before a diffuser often leads to poor air distribution and increased noise.

Diffusers can be as a shape of round, rectangular, or can be as linear slot diffusers (LSDs). E.g., linear slot diffusers take the form of one or several long, narrow slots, mostly semi-concealed in a fixed or suspended ceiling with airfoils behind the slots directing the airflow in the desired direction.

Occasionally, diffusers are mostly used in a reverse fashion, as air inlets or returns. This is especially true for a linear slot diffuser and 'perf' diffusers. But more commonly, grilles are used as return or exhaust air inlets.


title: Daniel Diaz (musician)

abstract: Daniel Diaz is an Argentinian bass player multi-instrumentalist, arranger, and composer known for his work for films and television, along with his fusion of different styles and genres of Argentinian music, jazz and experimental music. He has lived in Paris, France since 1997.

text:
# Daniel Diaz (musician)

**Daniel Diaz** is an Argentinian bass player multi-instrumentalist, arranger, and composer known for his work for films and television, along with his fusion of different styles and genres of Argentinian music, jazz and experimental music. He has lived in Paris, France since 1997.

## Career

Since moving to France he has collaborated with Juan Carlos Cáceres, on the single *Tango Negro*, and on the album *Toca Tango*. Cáceres mentions Diaz in his song "Los Muchachos de París" with the lyrics:

> *"Daniel Diaz y el barba, los muchachos de París."*

After the 2020-2021 pandemic he focused on his composer and studio work, producing collaborative albums with Argentine percussion player Minino Garay (fr), and Chamamé (es) music icon Raúl Barboza (es).

His last collaboration with Barboza was on the album *Souvenirs Panamericanos*, which was released in March 2023.

### Solo career

In 1993 he recorded his first album *The Years Alone* released by North American label Green Linnet/Xenophile Records, with small media coverage. The variety of styles in this album was mentioned by critics.

Diaz played most of the parts (fretted and fretless basses, keyboards, acoustic and electric guitars, percussion, etc.) and included guest appearances of other South American players, such as Ricky Olarte on congas, Manuel Miranda on Sax, flute and Indian flutes, "Pato" Loza on drums, Beto Satragni on bass, Gustavo Paglia on bandoneon, Rikhi Hambra on tabla, and Miguel Angel Amaral on vocals.

He continued this solo career with *Segundo Ciclo*, recorded in 1997, released by Dutch jazz label Timeless Records in 2002, and *Swan Song*, released in 2015, always with guest players form around the world. Both albums featured the cosmopolitan jazz-fusion style of the first one.

### Music for film, television and theatre

Since 2005 Diaz has been composing and recording for films, TV and documentaries. He works for French publisher and music library Cezame Music Agency (Frédéric Leibovitz Editeur) for whom he composed and recorded more than 250 tracks and released 5 albums alone or in collaboration. Since then he continued his work for films, TV and theatre, releasing hundreds of compositions for different publishers, in France: Cezame Music Agency, and Scoring Pictures/Universal Production Music, in Germany Sonoton GmbH, Music Vine and Indiesonics in England and Pacifica Music and Omnimusic in the USA.

In March 2009, he performed guitars and basses for the soundtrack of the film *Undertow* composed by Selma Mutal with whom he collaborated in the past, on the album *Natural Energies.*

In November 2009, he composed and performed the original music for Tennessee Williams’ *Suddenly, Last Summer* (Soudain l'été dernier in French) directed by Réné Loyon performed at Théâtre de la Tempête and Theatre des Celestins in France.

In 2012 he attended the Festival De Cannes as original score composer, for the short film *Quitte ou Double.*

Since 2010 his music has been used on many TV documentaries and films. In 2022 his track "Club Recoleta" from the album *Elec' Tango* was used on Tom McCarthy's feature film *Stillwater*.

## Discography

### As a solo artist

* *The Years Alone* (1996 Green Linnet/Xenophile 4031) USA, CD & Cassette.
* *Segundo Ciclo* (1997 Tímeles Records CD SJP 459) Netherlands, CD.
* *Lugar Comun* (2005 DedeLand/Exodos CDDD009 ) France, CD.
* *LOW Volume 1* (2007 DedeLand/Éxodos CDDD011) France, CD.
* *Musique Mécanique Boxset + Musique Mécanique Addendum (bonus tracks) + Lärmknunst* (2010 DedeLand/Éxodos CDDD012) France, CD.
* *Maquina Blanda* (2012 DedeLand Music) France, CD/download.
* *Swan Song* (2015 Dedeland 016) France CD.
* *Landscapes Consonance and Solitude* (2016 Dedeland 017) France, digital album.
* *Nightwatch* (2017 Dedeland 018) France, digital EP
* *Invisible Soundtracks* (2018 Dedeland 019) France, digital album
* *Film Noir & City Nights* (2020 Dedeland 022) France, digital album
* *Understated Passion Melodies* (2021 Dedeland 023) France, digital album
* *Miniatures Volume 1* (2021 DedeLand 024) France, digital album
* *Miniatures Volume 2* (2022 DedeLand 025) France, digital album
* *Souvenirs Panamericanos* with Raul Barboza (2023 Cezame Music Agency CEL7034) France, digital album

### Notable collaborations (selection)

* Juan Del Barrio *El Alma Secreta de las Cosas* (1993 Ciclo3) Argentina. co-producer.
* Xeito Novo *Galimérica* (1994 Melopea) Argentina. Electric bass (as member of Rodolfo Garcia's La Barraca)
* Osvaldo Burucuá *Paisaje* (1995 PAI3029 Argentina). Bass, producer.
* Jorge Chaminé *Alma Latina Vol 1* (2005 Éxodos/SonsCroisés, France) Bass, producer.
* Peio Serbielle *Zara* (2014 indep, france). Arrangements, Co-producer, basses, multi-instrumentalist.
* Raul Barboza Trio *12 de Julio en París* (2019 DedeLand, France). Bass, producer

* Daniel Diaz & Pajaro Canzani *La Otra America* (2006 Cezame Music Agency CEZ 4048 & 4049)
* Daniel Diaz *Elect’ Tango* (2011 Cezame Music Agency CEZ 4093)
* Daniel Diaz & Selma Mutal *Natural Energies* (2012 Cezame Music Agency CEZ 4099).
* Daniel Diaz, Pajaro Canzani, Selma Mutal *Géopolitique Amérique Latin*e (2012 Cezame Music Agency CEV3032)
* Daniel Diaz, Daniel Finot, Arnaud Rozermblat *Just Bass* (2012 Cezame Music Agency (CEZ4110)
* Raul Barboza & Daniel Diaz *Ruta 40* (2013 Cezame Carte Blanche, CCB1007)
* Daniel Diaz/Laurent Levesque *Repetitive Minimalism* (2022 Universal /Scoring Pictures , France SCP021)
* Daniel Diaz & Minino Garay *Latin Percussionary* (2022 Sonoton, Germany SCDV1135)

## Further reading

* Interview in Spanish with lots of Biographical data
* Swan Song review by Tyran Grillo
* Republic of jazz Swan Song review
* Review Diario El Litoral (Corrientes)
* Interview in French radio France Musiques

## InfoBox

| Daniel Diaz | |
| --- | --- |
| Daniel Diaz in the studio 2005 | |
| Born | Daniel Díaz Fernández<br>(1963-11-22) 22 November 1963 |
| Nationality | Argentinian, Spanish |
| Notable work | * *The Years Alone* (1996) * *Segundo Ciclo* (2002) * *Swan Song* (2015) * *Souvenirs Panamericanos* (2023) |
| Style | Jazz, World, Experimental, Soundtrack |


title: FIBT World Championships 2015 – Men

abstract: The men's event of the FIBT World Championships 2015 was held on 5–6 March 2015.

text:
# FIBT World Championships 2015 – Men

| FIBT World Championships 2015
/ | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Two |  | men |  | women |
| Four |  | men |  |  |
| Skeleton |  | men |  | women |
| Mixed |  |  | team |  |

The **men's event** of the FIBT World Championships 2015 was held on 5–6 March 2015.

## Results

The first two runs were started on 5 March at 10:00, and the last two runs on 6 March at 14:30.

| Rank | Bib | Athlete | Country | Run 1 | Run 2 | Run 3 | Run 4 | Total | Behind |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 3 | Martins Dukurs | Latvia | 55.94 | 56.10 | 55.51 | 55.68 | **3:43.23** |  |
|  | 5 | Aleksandr Tretyakov | Russia | 56.24 | 55.97 | 55.79 | 55.92 | **3:43.92** | +0.69 |
|  | 2 | Tomass Dukurs | Latvia | 56.45 | 56.28 | 55.92 | 56.10 | **3:44.75** | +1.52 |
| 4 | 6 | Nikita Tregubov | Russia | 56.63 | 56.53 | 56.26 | 55.97 | **3:45.39** | +2.16 |
| 5 | 9 | Christopher Grotheer | Germany | 56.66 | 56.28 | 56.42 | 56.17 | **3:45.53** | +2.30 |
| 6 | 4 | Axel Jungk | Germany | 56.54 | 56.44 | 56.38 | 56.27 | **3:45.63** | +2.40 |
| 7 | 7 | Dominic Parsons | Great Britain | 56.79 | 56.72 | 56.23 | 56.25 | **3:45.99** | +2.76 |
| 8 | 8 | Yun Sung-bin | South Korea | 56.77 | 56.77 | 56.36 | 56.19 | **3:46.09** | +2.86 |
| 9 | 13 | Kilian von Schleinitz | Germany | 56.72 | 56.79 | 56.51 | 56.26 | **3:46.28** | +3.05 |
| 10 | 10 | Sergey Chudinov | Russia | 57.14 | 56.68 | 56.38 | 56.30 | **3:46.50** | +3.27 |
| 11 | 11 | Dave Greszczyszyn | Canada | 56.71 | 56.76 | 56.57 | 56.57 | **3:46.61** | +3.38 |
| 12 | 1 | Matthew Antoine | United States | 56.85 | 56.78 | 56.61 | 56.65 | **3:46.89** | +3.66 |
| 13 | 14 | Pavel Kulikov | Russia | 56.96 | 56.68 | 56.78 | 56.74 | **3:47.23** | +4.00 |
| 14 | 15 | Hiroatsu Takahashi | Japan | 57.11 | 56.86 | 56.80 | 56.61 | **3:47.38** | +4.15 |
| 15 | 17 | Kyle Tress | United States | 57.13 | 56.85 | 56.88 | 56.59 | **3:47.45** | +4.22 |
| 16 | 23 | Martin Rosenberger | Germany | 57.12 | 56.97 | 56.73 | 56.75 | **3:47.57** | +4.34 |
| 17 | 28 | Marco Rohrer | Switzerland | 57.19 | 56.98 | 57.05 | 56.83 | **3:48.04** | +4.81 |
| 18 | 16 | Raphael Maier | Austria | 57.32 | 57.14 | 56.93 | 56.83 | **3:48.22** | +4.99 |
| 19 | 12 | Matthias Guggenberger | Austria | 57.32 | 57.10 | 56.95 | 57.01 | **3:48.38** | +5.15 |
| 20 | 24 | Barrett Martineau | Canada | 57.28 | 57.10 | 57.27 | 57.07 | **3:48.72** | +5.49 |
| 21 | 18 | Mattia Gaspari | Italy | 57.33 | 56.10 | 57.05 |  |  |  |
| 22 | 19 | David Swift | Great Britain | 57.30 | 57.56 | 56.81 |  |  |  |
| 23 | 21 | Evan Neufeldt | Canada | 57.53 | 57.29 | 57.03 |  |  |  |
| 24 | 27 | Lee Han-sin | South Korea | 57.44 | 57.40 | 57.09 |  |  |  |
| 25 | 26 | Ronald Auderset | Switzerland | 57.59 | 57.54 | 57.01 |  |  |  |
| 26 | 20 | Joseph Cecchini | Italy | 57.60 | 57.54 | 57.19 |  |  |  |
| 27 | 25 | John Farrow | Australia | 57.69 | 57.52 | 57.20 |  |  |  |
| 28 | 29 | Nicholas Timmings | Australia | 57.35 | 57.48 | 57.76 |  |  |  |
| 29 | 30 | Dorin Dumitru Velicu | Romania | 57.81 | 57.86 | 57.37 |  |  |  |
| 30 | 31 | Ander Mirambell | Spain | 57.85 | 57.87 | 57.78 |  |  |  |
| 31 | 32 | Rhys Thornbury | New Zealand | 57.76 | 57.95 | 57.93 |  |  |  |
| 32 | 34 | Marin Bangiev | Bulgaria | 58.94 | 59.04 | 58.79 |  |  |  |
| 33 | 33 | Gustavo Henke | Brazil | 59.93 | 1:01.27 | 58.60 |  |  |  |
|  | 22 | Ed Smith | Great Britain | 57.81 | 57.56 | DNS |  |  |  |

## InfoBox

| Men
at the FIBT World Championships 2015 | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Winterberg bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track, Winterberg |
| Date | 5–6 March 2015 |
| Competitors | 34 from 17 nations |
| Winning time | 3:43.23 |
| Medalists | |
| Latvia  Russia  Latvia | |
|


title: Europe, General Delivery

abstract: Europe, General Delivery or Europe poste restante is a 1918 German silent mystery film directed by Ewald André Dupont and starring Max Landa, Viktor Senger and Lu Synd. It was part of a series of films starring Joe Deebs, a fiction British detective modelled on Sherlock Holmes. It marked Dupont's directorial debut. The film's sets were designed by the art director Ernst Stern. It was shot at the Babelsberg Studios in Berlin.

text:
# Europe, General Delivery

***Europe, General Delivery*** or ***Europe poste restante*** (German: ***Europa postlagernd***) is a 1918 German silent mystery film directed by Ewald André Dupont and starring Max Landa, Viktor Senger and Lu Synd. It was part of a series of films starring Joe Deebs, a fiction British detective modelled on Sherlock Holmes. It marked Dupont's directorial debut.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Ernst Stern. It was shot at the Babelsberg Studios in Berlin.

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Bergfelder, Tim & Cargnelli, Christian. *Destination London: German-speaking emigrés and British cinema, 1925-1950*. Berghahn Books, 2008.

## InfoBox

| Europe, General Delivery | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Ewald André Dupont |
| Written by | Ewald André Dupont |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Max Fassbender |
| Production
company | Stern-Film |
| Release date | * 19 July 1918 (1918-07-19) |
| Country | Germany |
| Languages | Silent
German intertitles |


title: Eugene O. Sykes

abstract: Eugene Octave Sykes, Jr. was a justice on the Mississippi Supreme Court. He served as the first Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission from 1934 to 1935.

text:
# Eugene O. Sykes

**Eugene Octave Sykes, Jr.** (July 16, 1876 – June 21, 1945) was a justice on the Mississippi Supreme Court. He served as the first Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission from 1934 to 1935.

## Biography

Sykes was born in Aberdeen, Mississippi, on July 16, 1876, to Eugene Octave Sykes, Sr. and India Rogers. He attended St. John's College High School and the United States Naval Academy, and the University of Mississippi for his graduate degree.

He served on the Mississippi Supreme Court from 1916 to 1924, appointed by Theodore Bilbo. Calvin Coolidge appointed him to the Federal Radio Commission in 1927. He served as the first Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission from 1934 to 1935.

He died of a heart attack on June 21, 1945, in Washington, D.C.

## Further reading

* Flannery, Gerald V. (1995). *Commissioners of the FCC, 1927-1994*. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. pp. 1–3. ISBN 0-8191-9669-X.
* "Eugene Octave Sykes 1876–1945". *Broadcasting and Broadcast Advertising*. **28** (26A). Washington, D.C.: Broadcasting Publications, Inc.: 18 June 25, 1945.

## InfoBox

| Eugene Octave Sykes, Jr. | |
| --- | --- |
| Sykes in 1916 | |
|  | |
| Mississippi Supreme Court Justice | |
| **In office**
1916–1924 | |
| Appointed by | Theodore Bilbo |
| 1st Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission | |
| **In office**
July 11, 1934  March 8, 1935 | |
| President | Franklin Roosevelt |
| Preceded by | *Position Established* |
| Succeeded by | Anning S. Prall |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1876-07-16)July 16, 1876
Aberdeen, Mississippi |
| Died | June 21, 1945(1945-06-21) (aged 68)
Washington, DC |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Parent(s) | Eugene Octave Sykes, Sr.
India Rogers |
| Education | St. John's College High School
United States Naval Academy
University of Mississippi |
|  | |


title: Eva Ngui

abstract: Eva Ngui Nchama is a Paralympian athlete competing mainly in category T12 sprint events. Born in Equatorial Guinea, she represents Spain internationally. She has competed at three Paralympic Games, 2004 Summer Paralympics, 2008 Summer Paralympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics, and earned a pair bronze medals, both coming at the 2008 Games.

text:
# Eva Ngui

**Eva Ngui Nchama** (born 9 June 1985) is a Paralympian athlete competing mainly in category T12 sprint events. Born in Equatorial Guinea, she represents Spain internationally. She has competed at three Paralympic Games, 2004 Summer Paralympics, 2008 Summer Paralympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics, and earned a pair bronze medals, both coming at the 2008 Games.

## Personal

Ngui was born in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea. She has albinism, a condition she has had since birth. She moved to Spain in 2003, where she lived in Hospitalet de Llobregat and continued to reside there in 2008.

## Athletics

Ngui is a Paralympian athlete from Spain competing mainly in category T12 sprint events, who started competing in track and field in 2001. She is a member of ISS L'Hospitalet Atletisme, an athletic club in L'Hospitalet.

Around 2008, Ngui spent a year training at the High Performance Centre in Madrid. At that time, she was coached by Manuel Pascua Piqueras. She competed in the 2011 Spanish national championships in Vizcaya. She qualified for and competed in the 2011 IPC Athletics World Championships where she was one of thirty-two competitors representing Spain. Competing at the actual event, she won a bronze medal in the T12 100 meter event.

In 2012, Ngui was a recipient of a Plan ADO €18,000 athlete scholarship with a €3,000 reserve and a €2,500 coaching scholarship. In May 2012, she competed at the Paralympic World Cup in Manchester, earning a third-place finish in the 100 meters and another in the 200 meters. Prior to the start of the London Games, she trained with several other visually impaired Spanish track and field athletes in Logroño. In the lead up to the London Paralympics, in July 2012, she competed in a Diamond League race at the Crystal Palace National Sports Centre in London. In May 2013, she competed in the Spanish national championships, where she earned gold medals in the 100 and 200 meter events. In July 2013, she participated in the 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships.

### Paralympics

Ngui competed in the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens, Greece. There she went out in the semi-finals of the women's 100 metres — T12 event She also competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China. There she won a bronze medal in the women's 100 metres — T12 event and a bronze medal in the women's 200 metres — T12 event. Her 200-meter bronze medal came after the Spanish delegation complained that the Angolan runner Evalina Alexandre who finished ahead of her had been assisted by her guide in a way that violated the rules. Upon review, race officials agreed and then award Ngui bronze. She raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and was the 14th runner to finish.

## InfoBox

Eva Ngui
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Eva Ngui Nchama |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Born | (1985-06-09) 9 June 1985<br>Malabo, Equatorial Guinea |
| Sport | |
| Country | Spain |
| Sport | Track and field |
| Disability class | T12 |
| Medal record      Women's paralympic athletics  Representing  Spain  Paralympic Games  2008 Beijing  100 m T12  2008 Beijing  200 m T12  IPC World Championships  2011 Christchurch  100 m T12 | |


title: European Friends of Israel

abstract: European Friends of Israel (EFI) was a Brussels-based organization of European parliamentarians whose stated mission is "forging a stronger political relationship and a deeper understanding between Europe and Israel."

text:
# European Friends of Israel

**European Friends of Israel** (EFI) was a Brussels-based organization of European parliamentarians whose stated mission is "forging a stronger political relationship and a deeper understanding between Europe and Israel."

## History

Established in September 2006 by 300 MEPs and national MPs, European Friends of Israel aimed to bring together every national parliamentary friendship group with Israel from the EU 27 Member States, together with the friendship group with Israel within the European Parliament. EFI monitored all legislation that impacts Israel and supported many initiatives to help Israel exist within safe and secure borders. Its chairman was Marek Siwiec.

The organization was closed at 2015.

## Influence

EFI mustered 1,000 participants from all over Europe, the largest support group of its kind in the region, attracting more than 1,500 European parliamentarians and policymakers. In an official statement, EFI maintained that "Israel needs and deserves a better recognition of the close cultural and democratic bonds that it shares with the EU, to underpin greater EU support for the continuing challenges it faces over the coming years." High-level pronouncements reinforce how EFI recognizes Israel's bond with Europe but consistently highlight the lack of recognition. This is the element that sets the organization apart from other Israeli groups or pro-Israel grassroots NGOs in Europe. According to Siwiec, EFI mainly focused on elected political representatives with the goal of bringing together Israel-friendly EU Parliament.

EFI was considered a lobby group and likened to the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) in terms of its goals and initiatives. Studies showed the efficacy of the group thanks to its financial power and well-organized structure.

## Initiatives

EFI held multiple conferences in the European Parliament dealing important issues on the Israeli-European agenda:

On 29 November 2006, EFI held a press conference which dealt with "why the 3 Israeli Kidnapped Soldiers are not being released?" The Press Conference followed a private meeting between the representatives of the families of the three Israeli kidnapped soldiers and Members of the European Parliament who expressed their support for the families of the three Israeli kidnapped soldiers, Gilad Shalit, Udi Goldwasser and Eldad Regev.

On 7 March 2007, it held a conference calling for "Economic Sanctions against Iran". In 2007, EFI led 3 separate missions to EU member states. During a 2 days mission to Portugal in January, EFI's team met with the newly Portuguese Parliamentary Friendship Group with Israel. In Spain in February it met many high-level politicians from the leading political factions. In May, EFI met many Members of the Maltese parliament and other foreign officials.

On 5 June 2007, EFI led a delegation composed of 16 Members of the European Parliament and Members of National Parliaments from 11 different European nationalities to a three-day mission in Israel. The program included meetings with the Prime Minister of Israel, Ehud Olmert, the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Tsipi Livni and other high-ranking Israeli officials.

On the occasion of the European Holocaust Remembrance Day (26-27 January 2008), EFI organized a 2-day mission to Auschwitz. The Delegation was composed of Members of the European Parliament, Members of the EU Member States' Parliaments as well as Members of the Knesset.

On the occasion of Israel's 60th anniversary, EFI collaborated with B'nai B'rith, Peres Center for Peace and the Israeli Mission to the EU to organize workshops, conferences and panels on Israel-related topics and Israel's relations with the European Union.

On the 6/7 November 2008, The EFI Policy Conference gathered together hundreds of Parliamentarians and high-officials from 42 European countries, including Members of the European Parliament, Members of the Council of Europe as well as Members of the Knesset. The gathering aimed to promote a better understanding between Europe and Israel and called for an upgrade in relations between the two.


abstract: The Committee on Culture and Education (CULT) is a committee of the European Parliament.

text:
# European Parliament Committee on Culture and Education

The **Committee on Culture and Education** (**CULT**) is a committee of the European Parliament.

## Responsibilities of the committee

This committee has focused on the well-being of all members of the human race and the increased opportunities for education in all countries of the European Union. The committee has 6 aspects of focus:

1. looking at the cultural aspects of the European Union, in particular the safeguarding of cultural heritage, cultural exchange, and artistic creation of the nations in the European Union.
2. looking at the Union's education policy, both in the school education systems, and in lifelong-learning programmes, such as museums and libraries.
3. developing an audiovisual policy and connecting this with educational information systems.
4. looking at the development of a sports and leisure policy with an additional youth policy.
5. looking to connect information with a media policy.
6. cooperation with third countries in the areas of culture and education and relations with the relevant international organisations and institutions.

In this current term, the Committee on Culture and Education has looked at three issues. The first issue is the protection of members of circuses in the European Union. The committee has declared these members of society as a recognized culture in the EU and desires the circus vocational schools to become accredited among other provisions. This resolution passed on July 12, 2005, with a vote of 29 in favor, 1 against, and 2 abstained.

The second dealt with the standardization of higher education systems through thorough internal assessments in accordance with the European Higher Education Area. Education also must promote diversity in its students and in the programs offered by the various institutions. It was adopted on August 30, 2005, with a vote of 24 in favor, 1 against, and 1 abstained.

The third issue has regarded the protection of minors. The committee has brought forth a resolution for the protection of minors in all areas of media, including magazines, newspapers, and the Internet. Among numerous other provisions, it will offer classes in safe usage of the Internet, and put forth harsher punishments for Internet criminal activities.

This committee, however, does not desire to diminish freedom of speech. This resolution was adopted on September 22, 2005, with a vote of 21 in favor and 1 against.

## Parliament's activities

The Parliament has made a point of trying to promote culture. It has hosted numerous cultural events, 150 took place in 2005, including art and concerts. Some exhibitions have been on the topics of breast cancer, the Srebrenica massacre and the Orange revolution. As of 2007, is also gives the Lux Prize for European Cinema.

## Members

The CULT is made up of 61 members:

| Member State | No. members |
| --- | --- |
| France | 7 |
| Germany | 7 |
| Spain | 5 |
| Poland | 6 |
| Czech Republic | 1 |
| Italy | 6 |
| United Kingdom | 7 |
| Hungary | 3 |
| Greece | 3 |
| Austria | 1 |
| Lithuania | 1 |
| Portugal | 1 |
| Slovakia | 1 |
| Estonia | 1 |
| Romania | 2 |
| Bulgaria | 4 |
| Denmark | 1 |
| Malta | 2 |
| Slovenia | 1 |
| Ireland | 1 |
| **Total** | **61** |

The major political groups are also represented on this committee including, the Party of European Socialists, the European People's Party, the European Conservatives and Reformists Group, the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, the European United Left–Nordic Green Left, The Greens–European Free Alliance, and the Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy Group. There are also three members that are not attached to any particular party.

| Party group | No. members |
| --- | --- |
| European People's Party | 18 |
| Party of European Socialists | 16 |
| European Conservatives and Reformists | 6 |
| Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe | 6 |
| Nordic Green Left | 4 |
| The Greens–European Free Alliance | 4 |
| Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy | 3 |
| Not attached | 4 |
| **Total** | **61** |

## Members 2014

List of members for the 8th legislature

## Chairpersons

## Research service

The committee is directly supported by a research service, the Policy Department for Structural & Cohesion Policies. Most of its research studies and briefings are published online. They do not necessarily reflect the view of the committee.

Recent publications (as of October 2018):

Mobility of artists and culture professionals – towards a European policy framework

Digital Skills in the 21st century

Education in Cultural Heritage

Creative Europe: Towards the Next Programme Generation

Europe for Citizens: Towards the Next Programme Generation

Erasmus+: Towards a New Programme Generation

ESIF and culture, education, youth & sport

Child safety online: definition of the problem

Solutions and policy dilemmas regarding minors’ protection online Archived 2018-03-07 at the Wayback Machine

Recommendations for EU policy developments on the protection of minors in the digital age

Migrant Education: Monitoring and Assessment

Why cultural work with refugees

EU funding for cultural work with refugees: current practice and lessons learned

EU funding for cultural work with refugees: towards the next programme generation

Modernisation of higher education Archived 2017-12-08 at the Wayback Machine

European Solidarity Corps and volunteering

The New Role of Public Libraries in Local Communities

Promoting Media and Information Literacy in Libraries

E-lending: Challenges and Opportunities

European Identity


abstract: The Committee on Fisheries (PECH) is a committee of the European Parliament. Chris Davies was the chairman - until the United Kingdom left the European Union.

text:
# European Parliament Committee on Fisheries

The **Committee on Fisheries** (PECH) is a committee of the European Parliament.

Chris Davies was the chairman (2019 – 2020) - until the United Kingdom left the European Union.

## Committee mandate

PECH is the European Parliament committee responsible for:

1. the operation and development of the common fisheries policy and its management;

2. the conservation of fishery resources, the management of fisheries and fleets exploiting such resources and marine and applied fisheries research;

3. the common organisation of the market in fishery and aquaculture products and the processing and marketing thereof;

4. structural policy in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors, including the financial instruments and funds for fisheries guidance to support these sectors;

5. the integrated maritime policy as regards fishing activities;

6. sustainable fisheries partnership agreements, regional fisheries organisations and the implementation of international obligations in the field of fisheries.

## Research service

The committee is directly supported by a research service, the Policy Department for Structural & Cohesion Policies. Most of its research studies and briefings are published online. The papers do not necessarily reflect the view of the committee.

Recent publications (as of October 2018):

Fisheries in Ireland

Åland Islands

Training of Fishers

Fisheries in Andalusia – Atlantic region

Fisheries in Mauritania and the European Union Archived 2018-07-17 at the Wayback Machine

Landing Obligation and Choke Species in Multispecies and Mixed Fisheries – The North Western Waters

Landing Obligation and Choke Species in Multispecies and Mixed Fisheries – The South Western Waters

Landing Obligation and Choke Species in Multispecies and Mixed Fisheries – The North Sea

Marine recreational and semi-subsistence fishing – its value and its impact on fish stock

Common Fisheries Policy and BREXIT

Regional ocean governance in Europe: the role of fisheries

Fisheries in Japan

Small-Scale Fisheries Markets: Value Chain, Promotion and Labelling Archived 2018-03-07 at the Wayback Machine

Small scale fisheries and “Blue Growth” in the EU

Impact of Fisheries Partnership Agreements on Employment in the EU and in Third Countries

Seafood Industry Integration in the EU

The Management of Fishing Fleets in Outermost Regions Archived 2018-03-07 at the Wayback Machine


title: Euler's theorem

abstract:
In number theory, Euler's theorem states that, if n and a are coprime positive integers, then a φ is congruent to 1 modulo n, where φ denotes Euler's totient function; that is
  - a φ ≡ 1. In 1736, Leonhard Euler published a proof of Fermat's little theorem, which is the restriction of Euler's theorem to the case where n is a prime number. Subsequently, Euler presented other proofs of the theorem, culminating with his paper of 1763, in which he proved a generalization to the case where n is not prime. The converse of Euler's theorem is also true: if the above congruence is true, then a and n must be coprime. The theorem is further generalized by some of Carmichael's theorems. The theorem may be used to easily reduce large powers modulo n. For example, consider finding the ones place decimal digit of 7 222, i.e. 7 222. The integers 7 and 10 are coprime, and φ = 4. So Euler's theorem yields 7 4 ≡ 1, and we get 7 222 ≡ 7 4 × 55 + 2 ≡ 55 × 7 2 ≡ 1 55 × 7 2 ≡ 49 ≡ 9. In general, when reducing a power of a modulo n, one needs to work modulo φ in the exponent of a :
  - if x ≡ y, then a x ≡ a y. Euler's theorem underlies the RSA cryptosystem, which is widely used in Internet communications. In this cryptosystem, Euler's theorem is used with n being a product of two large prime numbers, and the security of the system is based on the difficulty of factoring such an integer.

text:
# Euler's theorem

In number theory, **Euler's theorem** (also known as the **Fermat–Euler theorem** or **Euler's totient theorem**) states that, if *n* and *a* are coprime positive integers, then $a^{\varphi (n)}$ is congruent to $1$ modulo *n*, where $\varphi $ denotes Euler's totient function; that is

$$a^{\varphi (n)}\equiv 1{\pmod {n}.}$$

In 1736, Leonhard Euler published a proof of Fermat's little theorem (stated by Fermat without proof), which is the restriction of Euler's theorem to the case where n is a prime number. Subsequently, Euler presented other proofs of the theorem, culminating with his paper of 1763, in which he proved a generalization to the case where n is not prime.

The converse of Euler's theorem is also true: if the above congruence is true, then $a$ and $n$ must be coprime.

The theorem is further generalized by some of Carmichael's theorems.

The theorem may be used to easily reduce large powers modulo $n$. For example, consider finding the ones place decimal digit of $7^{222}$, i.e. $7^{222}{\pmod {10}}$. The integers 7 and 10 are coprime, and $\varphi (10)=4$. So Euler's theorem yields $7^{4}\equiv 1{\pmod {10}}$, and we get $7^{222}\equiv 7^{4\times 55+2}\equiv (7^{4})^{55}\times 7^{2}\equiv 1^{55}\times 7^{2}\equiv 49\equiv 9{\pmod {10}}$.

In general, when reducing a power of $a$ modulo $n$ (where $a$ and $n$ are coprime), one needs to work modulo $\varphi (n)$ in the exponent of $a$:

if $x\equiv y{\pmod {\varphi (n)}}$, then $a^{x}\equiv a^{y}{\pmod {n}}$.

Euler's theorem underlies the RSA cryptosystem, which is widely used in Internet communications. In this cryptosystem, Euler's theorem is used with n being a product of two large prime numbers, and the security of the system is based on the difficulty of factoring such an integer.

## Proofs

1. Euler's theorem can be proven using concepts from the theory of groups: The residue classes modulo n that are coprime to n form a group under multiplication (see the article Multiplicative group of integers modulo *n* for details). The order of that group is *φ*(*n*). Lagrange's theorem states that the order of any subgroup of a finite group divides the order of the entire group, in this case *φ*(*n*). If a is any number coprime to n then a is in one of these residue classes, and its powers *a*, *a*2, ... , *a**k* modulo n form a subgroup of the group of residue classes, with *a**k*  1 (mod *n*). Lagrange's theorem says k must divide *φ*(*n*), i.e. there is an integer M such that *kM* = *φ*(*n*). This then implies,

$$a^{\varphi (n)}=a^{kM}=(a^{k})^{M}\equiv 1^{M}=1{\pmod {n}.}$$

2. There is also a direct proof: Let *R* = {*x*1, *x*2, ... , *x**φ*(*n*)} be a reduced residue system (mod *n*) and let a be any integer coprime to n. The proof hinges on the fundamental fact that multiplication by a permutes the xi: in other words if *axj*  *axk* (mod *n*) then *j* = *k*. (This law of cancellation is proved in the article Multiplicative group of integers modulo *n*.) That is, the sets R and *aR* = {*ax*1, *ax*2, ... , *ax**φ*(*n*)}, considered as sets of congruence classes (mod *n*), are identical (as sets—they may be listed in different orders), so the product of all the numbers in R is congruent (mod *n*) to the product of all the numbers in aR:

$\prod \_{i=1}^{\varphi (n)}x\_{i}\equiv \prod \_{i=1}^{\varphi (n)}ax\_{i}=a^{\varphi (n)}\prod \_{i=1}^{\varphi (n)}x\_{i}{\pmod {n},}$ and using the cancellation law to cancel each xi gives Euler's theorem:

$$a^{\varphi (n)}\equiv 1{\pmod {n}.}$$

The *Disquisitiones Arithmeticae* has been translated from Gauss's Ciceronian Latin into English and German. The German edition includes all of his papers on number theory: all the proofs of quadratic reciprocity, the determination of the sign of the Gauss sum, the investigations into biquadratic reciprocity, and unpublished notes.

* Gauss, Carl Friedrich; Clarke, Arthur A. (translated into English) (1986), *Disquisitiones Arithemeticae (Second, corrected edition)*, New York: Springer, ISBN 0-387-96254-9
* Gauss, Carl Friedrich; Maser, H. (translated into German) (1965), *Untersuchungen uber hohere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithemeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second edition)*, New York: Chelsea, ISBN 0-8284-0191-8
* Hardy, G. H.; Wright, E. M. (1980), *An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers (Fifth edition)*, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-853171-5
* Ireland, Kenneth; Rosen, Michael (1990), *A Classical Introduction to Modern Number Theory (Second edition)*, New York: Springer, ISBN 0-387-97329-X
* Landau, Edmund (1966), *Elementary Number Theory*, New York: Chelsea


title: Eurybia jonesiae

abstract: Eurybia jonesiae, commonly known as Jones's aster or Almut's wood aster, is a North American species of herbaceous perennial native to the Southeastern United States, primarily in the state of Georgia with a few populations in eastern Alabama. It is found mostly in the Piedmont Region in rich oak-hickory-pine forest. Within these rich woods, it has an affinity for moist soils with habitats that include ravines, rocky ridges, and wooded slopes in the vicinity of rivers and streams. Due to its restricted range it is considered threatened by the Nature Conservancy. It has often been misidentified as Eurybia spectabilis and was declared a separate species quite recently in 1988. The flowers emerge in the late summer and persist into the fall bearing cream-coloured ray florets that become purple and yellow disc florets.

text:
# Eurybia jonesiae

***Eurybia jonesiae***, commonly known as **Jones's aster** or **Almut's wood aster**, is a North American species of herbaceous perennial native to the Southeastern United States, primarily in the state of Georgia with a few populations in eastern Alabama. It is found mostly in the Piedmont Region in rich oak-hickory-pine forest. Within these rich woods, it has an affinity for moist soils with habitats that include ravines, rocky ridges, and wooded slopes in the vicinity of rivers and streams. Due to its restricted range it is considered threatened by the Nature Conservancy. It has often been misidentified as *Eurybia spectabilis* and was declared a separate species quite recently in 1988. The flowers emerge in the late summer and persist into the fall bearing cream-coloured ray florets that become purple and yellow disc florets.

## Distribution and habitat

*Eurybia jonesiae* grows only in the Piedmont Region south of the Appalachian Mountains. In this relatively small area, ranging from 100 to 400 metres (330–1330 feet) above sea level, it is found in rich oak-hickory-pine forests in moist soils. It is most common along the wooded slopes of rivers or streams, in moist ravines and on rocky ridges.

## InfoBox

| Jones's aster | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | *Eurybia* |
| Species: | ***E. jonesiae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eurybia jonesiae***
(Lamboy) G.L.Nesom | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Aster jonesiae* Lamboy | |


title: Eurybia merita

abstract: Eurybia merita, commonly known as the subalpine aster or arctic aster, is an herbaceous perennial native to northwestern North America, primarily from the Interior Mountains and Plateau system and Rocky Mountains in Canada, stretching south to Utah and extreme northern California. It is found largely in drier, open areas, generally at subalpine levels in mountains, though in more northern areas it is more common at lower elevations. It is similar in appearance to Eurybia sibirica, but their ranges only overlap near the border between the US and Canada, where E. sibirica is generally found at higher elevations than its relative. The flowers emerge in the late summer and display purple to violet ray florets and pale or creamy yellow disc florets.

text:
# Eurybia merita

***Eurybia merita***, commonly known as the **subalpine aster** or **arctic aster** (not to be confused with *Eurybia sibirica*, which shares the latter common name), is an herbaceous perennial native to northwestern North America, primarily from the Interior Mountains and Plateau system and Rocky Mountains in Canada, stretching south to Utah and extreme northern California. It is found largely in drier, open areas, generally at subalpine levels in mountains, though in more northern areas it is more common at lower elevations. It is similar in appearance to *Eurybia sibirica*, but their ranges only overlap near the border between the US and Canada, where *E. sibirica* is generally found at higher elevations than its relative. The flowers emerge in the late summer and display purple to violet ray florets and pale or creamy yellow disc florets.

## Distribution and habitat

*Eurybia merita* is present in much of northwestern North America. There are also a few isolated populations in the Black Hills of South Dakota. The primary distribution is from Alberta and British Columbia in Canada, south as far as northern Utah and to Siskiyou County, California. It is found at heights ranging from 100 up to 3200 metres (330–10670 feet) in soils that range from mesic to dry. Open woods, rocky areas, clearings and recently burnt areas constitute its primary habitat. It may also be found along sandy, rocky or gravely creek banks. Within these habitats, it is most commonly associated with subalpine meadows and Douglas fir, lodgepole pine or spruce forests. While it is generally restricted to subalpine elevations in mountains, it is found at lower elevations in the north of its range.

## InfoBox

| Subalpine aster | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Secure  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | *Eurybia* |
| Species: | ***E. merita*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eurybia merita***
(A.Nels.) G.L.Nesom | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Aster meritus* A.Nels. * *Aster montanus* var. *arcticus* Torr. & A.Gray * *Aster richardsonii* var. *meritus* (A.Nelson) Raup * *Aster sibiricus* var. *meritus* (A.Nelson) Raup | |


title: European squid

abstract: The European squid or common squid is a large squid belonging to the family Loliginidae. It occurs abundantly in coastal waters from the North Sea to at least the west coast of Africa. This species lives from sea level to depths of 500 m (1,600 ft). Its mantle is up to 40 cm (16 in) long. The species is extensively exploited by commercial fisheries. Loligo reynaudii, the Cape Hope squid, was previously treated as a subspecies of L. vulgaris.

text:
# European squid

The **European squid** or **common squid** (***Loligo vulgaris***) is a large squid belonging to the family Loliginidae. It occurs abundantly in coastal waters from the North Sea to at least the west coast of Africa. This species lives from sea level to depths of 500 m (1,600 ft). Its mantle is up to 40 cm (16 in) long. The species is extensively exploited by commercial fisheries.

*Loligo reynaudii*, the Cape Hope squid, was previously treated as a subspecies of *L. vulgaris*.

## Description

The European squid has a long, moderately slender and cylindrical body. Rhomboid fins comprise two-thirds of the mantle length, though locomotion is via jet propulsion. The posterior border is slightly concave. The head is relatively small and has large eyes which are covered with a transparent membrane. Like almost all squid, this species has ten limbs surrounding the mouth and beak: eight are relatively short arms, and two, which form the tentacles, are long, as they are used to catch prey. The fourth left arm of males is a hectocotylus. The European squid can grow up to 30–40 cm in the mantle length, but more usually they are 15–25 cm long. The males are generally bigger than the females and exhibit more rapid rates of growth.

The colour of the European squid is greyish-transparent or reddish, depending on the expansion of chromatophores in the dermis. Males have small chromatophores on their mantle.

## Habitat and distribution

The European squid is a neritic, semidemersal species, which undertakes distinct horizontal and vertical migrations, depending on the environment. In the Adriatic Sea, European squid can be found above various substrates, from sandy through to the muddy bottoms. It is found in temperatures of 13°C–20°C, preferring 18°C.

*L. vulgaris* is found throughout the Mediterranean and in the eastern Atlantic Ocean from the North Sea to the Gulf of Guinea. In British waters, it is mainly found in the Irish Sea, along the south coast of England, and off northern Scotland.

## Biology

This species can be found at depths from the surface to about 500 m, but it is most abundant between 20 and 250 m (deeper during the winter). The population in the northeastern Atlantic spends the winter in deeper waters off Portugal, then moves towards the coast of France in spring, before migrating farther north into the North Sea during May and June where they spawn in depths ranging from 20 to 80 m. A southward migration takes place in autumn. The population found off Morocco and Western Sahara similarly spends the winter in deeper offshore waters and moves inshore to spawn in spring and autumn. The main juvenile recruitment is in February and March and between July and September. In the western Mediterranean, European squid move into deeper water in late autumn; the largest individuals commence their inshore migration as early as in January and February, while the smaller individuals wait until summer.

The spawning season extends for most of the year, but climaxes in early summer and early autumn. Females lay up to 20,000 small eggs, which are deposited in gelatinous tubes containing tens of eggs each. These tubes are attached to debris and other solid objects on sandy to muddy bottoms. The incubation period is dependent on temperature and is between 25 days (at 22 °C) and 45 days (at 12 to 14 °C). The size of the male determines the number (up to 800) and size of spermatophores. Males that are reproducing for the second time usually carry more than those reproducing for the first time.

Growth in both sexes is temperature-dependent and is therefore faster in summer than in winter; the males grow faster than females. In the Atlantic, young squid hatched in June reach a mantle length of around 12 cm by December and grow to 13 or 14 cm by the following April. By August, males attain a mantle length of 17.5 cm and, if they reach the following April, 21 cm, compared to 17 cm in females. Life expectancy is 2 years in females and about 3 years in males.

European squid are predators on fishes and crustaceans. Cannibalism is common.

## Fisheries

The European squid is a commercially valuable species. It is caught in multispecies trawl fishing throughout the year and, seasonally, in small scale and recreational fishing with a variety of gear.

In the Adriatic Sea, the total annual catch of the species is around 1,000 to 1,500 tonnes. This is very variable and is probably linked to the annual reproduction cycle that is typical for many cephalopods.

* Vecchione, M., E. Shea, S. Bussarawit, F. Anderson, D. Alexeyev, C.-C. Lu, T. Okutani, M. Roeleveld, C. Chotiyaputta, C. Roper, E. Jorgensen & N. Sukramongkol. (2005). "Systematics of Indo-West Pacific loliginids" (PDF). *Phuket Marine Biological Center Research Bulletin* **66**: 23–26.

## InfoBox

| European squid | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Cephalopoda |
| Order: | Myopsida |
| Family: | Loliginidae |
| Genus: | *Loligo* |
| Species: | ***L. vulgaris*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Loligo vulgaris***<br>Lamarck, 1798 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Eurypetalum unijugum

abstract: Eurypetalum unijugum is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Cameroon. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Eurypetalum unijugum

***Eurypetalum unijugum*** is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in Cameroon. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Eurypetalum unijugum* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Genus: | *Eurypetalum* |
| Species: | ***E. unijugum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eurypetalum unijugum***
Harms | |
|


title: European Patent Office Reports

abstract: The European Patent Office Reports (EPOR) are a series of law reports, including decisions of the Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office. The reports were published since 1979 and since at least 1989 by Sweet & Maxwell.

text:
# European Patent Office Reports

The **European Patent Office Reports** (EPOR) are a series of law reports, including decisions of the Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office. The reports were published since 1979 and since at least 1989 by Sweet & Maxwell.

## List of editions

* European Patent Office, *European Patent Office Reports 1986*, ESC Pub.
* *European Patent Office reports*, Sweet & Maxwell, 1989, ISSN 0269-0802, 1989
* Brian C. Reid, Jessica Jones, Rory Sullivan, *European Patent Office Reports 1997*, Published 1998, Sweet & Maxwell Ltd, ISBN 0-421-61190-1
* Brian C. Reid, Jessica Jones, Rory Sullivan, *European Patent Office Reports*, 2000, Sweet & Maxwell, ISBN 0-421-69590-0
* Brian C. Reid, Jessica Jones, Rory Sullivan, *European Patent Office Reports*, 2001, Sweet & Maxwell Ltd, ISBN 0-421-73590-2
* By Brian C. Reid, Jessica Jones, *European Patent Office Reports 2001*, Published 2002, Sweet & Maxwell Ltd, ISBN 0-421-75480-X
* Peter Mclean Colley, *European Patent Office Reports 2005*, Published 2005, Sweet & Maxwell Ltd, ISBN 0-421-93480-8
* Peter Mclean Colley, *European Patent Office Reports 2006*: V. 21, Sweet & Maxwell Ltd, ISBN 1-84703-094-7


title: European Pathway Association

abstract: The European Pathway Association is a European non-profit organisation which brings together researchers, managers and clinicians on the management concept of clinical pathways. The organisation works on the establishment of clinical care pathways in order to systematically plan and follow up a patient focused care program.

text:
# European Pathway Association

The **European Pathway Association** is a European non-profit organisation which brings together researchers, managers and clinicians on the management concept of clinical pathways. The organisation works on the establishment of clinical care pathways in order to systematically plan and follow up a patient focused care program.

## History

In 2003, at the conference of the *International Society for Quality in Healthcare* (ISQUA) in Dallas (United States), the idea of a European Pathway Association was suggested by Kris Vanhaecht of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Belgium) and Massimiliano Panella of the University of Eastern Piedmont (Italy). On 16 and 17 September 2004, the EPA was founded at a meeting in Jesi (Italy).

* Darer J, Pronovost P, Bass E. Use and evaluation of critical pathways in hospitals. Eff Clin Pract 2002; 5:114-119.
* De Luc K., *Developing care pathways - the handbook*, Oxford: Radcliffe Medical Press Ltd, 2001.
* Vanhaecht K, Bollmann M, Bower K, Gallagher C, Gardini A, Guezo J et al., *International survey on the use and dissemination of clinical pathways in 23 countries*, Journal of Integrated Care Pathways, 2006.


abstract: ESSSAT is a scholarly, non-confessional organization, based in Europe, which aims to promote the study of relationships between the natural sciences and theological views. ESSSAT has members from almost every European country as well as members from other continents. They have different confessional backgrounds, and may include believers as well as non-believers and atheists. Every two years, ESSSAT organizes an international conference, each time on a different venue in Europe. Two prizes for outstanding research are awarded on these conferences: the ESSSAT Student Prize and the ESSSAT Research Prize. ESSSAT publishes three series: Issues in Science and Theology (IST), Studies in Science and Theology (SSTh), and ESSSAT-News. The organization was founded in the mid-1980s. Its current president is Dirk Evers, who succeeded Antje Jackelén, leading ESSSAT from 2008 to 2014. ESSSAT's president from 2002 to 2008 was Dutch theologian Willem B. Drees.

text:
# European Society for the Study of Science and Theology

**ESSSAT** is a scholarly, non-confessional organization, based in Europe, which aims to promote the study of relationships between the natural sciences and theological views. ESSSAT has members from almost every European country as well as members from other continents. They have different confessional backgrounds, and may include believers as well as non-believers and atheists. Every two years, ESSSAT organizes an international conference, each time on a different venue in Europe. Two prizes for outstanding research are awarded on these conferences: the ESSSAT Student Prize and the ESSSAT Research Prize. ESSSAT publishes three series: *Issues in Science and Theology* (IST), *Studies in Science and Theology* (SSTh), and *ESSSAT-News* (a quarterly newsletter). The organization was founded in the mid-1980s. Its current president is Dirk Evers, who succeeded Antje Jackelén, leading ESSSAT from 2008 to 2014. ESSSAT's president from 2002 to 2008 was Dutch theologian Willem B. Drees.

* Institute on Religion in an Age of Science (A similar American organization)
* Zygon Center for Religion and Science (Chicago) (A similar American organization)
* Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences (Berkeley) (A similar American organization)
* Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science (a related journal)
* Theology and Science (a related journal)
* Issues in Science and Religion

1. "Archived copy". *esssat.eu*. Archived from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2014.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
2. "Awarded ESSSAT Prizes | ESSSAT".


title: Eva Cantarella

abstract: Eva Cantarella is an Italian classicist. She is professor of Roman law and ancient Greek law at the University of Milan, and has served as Dean of the Law School at the University of Camerino.

text:
# Eva Cantarella

**Eva Cantarella** (born 1936 in Rome) is an Italian classicist. She is professor of Roman law and ancient Greek law at the University of Milan, and has served as Dean of the Law School at the University of Camerino.

## Biography

Cantarella is known for examining ancient law by relating it to modern legal issues through law and society perspective. She has researched subjects involving the legal and social history of sexuality, women's conditions, criminal law and capital punishment.

She has written many books, which have been translated into several languages, including English, French, German and Spanish. Cantarella is also editor of *Dike - International Journal of Greek Law* and a member of several editorial boards such as *Apollo - Bollettino dei Musei provinciali del Salernitano*; *Dioniso*; *Crime, Histoire et Societés*; *Revista des estudios latinos*; and *CADMO - Revista de História Antiga* (University of Lisbon).

Cantarella has been professor of Roman law and ancient Greek law at the University of Milan, Italy. She has been dean of the Law School of the University of Camerino. She has also taught and given lectures at many universities in Europe and the United States. She has been appointed Global Professor at New York University School of Law.

Cantarella has argued that penetration was normal in ancient Greek pederasty.

## Awards and honours

## Bibliography

### Books in English

* With Andrew Lear, *Images of Ancient Greek Pederasty: Boys Were Their Gods* (London: Routledge), 2008. ISBN 978-0-415-22367-6
* *Pandora's Daughters: The Role and Status of Women in Greek and Roman Antiquity* (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press), 1987; 2nd Printing, hardcover and paperback 1989; 4th printing 1993.
* *Bisexuality in the Ancient World* (New Haven: Yale University Press), 1992, reprinted 1993; first paperback edition 1994; trade paperback edition 2002. ISBN 0-300-04844-0
* With Luciana Jacobelli, *A Day in Pompeii: Daily Life, Culture and Society* (Naples: Electa), 2004.

### Authored books

* *La fideiussione reciproca. Allellegue e mutua fideiussio* (Milan: Giuffrè), 1965.
* *Studi sull'omicidio in diritto greco e romano* (Milan: Giuffrè), 1976.
* *Norma e sanzione in Omero* (Milan: Giuffrè), 1979.
* *L'ambiguo malanno. Condizione e immagine della donna nell' antichità greca e romana* (Rome: Editori Riuniti), 1981 (2nd edition 1985, 3rd edition Einaudi 1995); Spanish translation *La calamidad ambigua* (Madrid: Ediciones Clasicas), 1991; Greek translation *Oi gynaikes tes archaias Elladas* (Athens: Papademas), 1998.
* *Tacita Muta. Le donne nella città antica* (Rome: Editori Riuniti), 1985.
* *Secondo natura. La bisessualità nel mondo antico* (Rome: Editori Riuniti), 1988 (2nd expanded and updated edition Milan, Rizzoli, 1995); French translation *Selon la nature, l' usage et la loi. La bisexualité dans le monde antique* (Paris: Éditions La Découverte), 1991; Spanish translation *Segun la natura. La bisexualidad en el mundo antiguo* (Madrid: Akal Universitaria), 1991.
* *Le donne e la città* (Como: New Press Edizioni), 1990.
* *I supplizi capitali in Grecia e a Roma* (Milan: Rizzoli), 1991; French translation: *Les supplices capitaux en Grece at à Rome* (Paris, Albin Michel), 2000.
* *Passato prossimo. Donne romane da Tacita a Sulpicia*, Milano, Feltrinelli, 1996; Spanish translation *Pasado proximo, Mujeres romanas de Tacita a Sulpicia* (Valencia: Editiones Catedra), 1998.
* *El peso de Roma en la cultura europea* (Madrid: Ediciones Akal), 1996.
* *Phonos, Antologia di oratori attici sull’omicidio* (Milan: Mursia), 1989.
* *Pompei: I volti dell’amore* (Milan: Mondadori), 1998; German translation *Pompeji: Liebe und Erotik in einer römischen Stadt* (Berlin: Theiss), 1999; French translation *Pompéi: les visages de l’amour* (Paris: Albin Michel), 1999.
* *Un giorno a Pompei. Vita quotidiana, cultura, società* (with L. Jacobelli) (Naples: Electa), 1999.
* *Itaca, Eroi, donne, potere tra vendetta e diritto* (Milan: Feltrinelli), 2002; French translation *Ithaque. De la vengeance d’Ulysse à la naissance di droi* (Paris: Albin Michel), 2002.
* *L’amore è un dio* (Milan: Feltrinelli), 2007.
* *Il ritorno della vendetta* (Milan: Rizzoli), 2007.

Articles Courses

## InfoBox

| Eva Cantarella | |
| --- | --- |
| Cantarella in 2012 | |
| Born | 1936 (age 8788) |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | University of Milan |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Classicist |
| Sub-discipline |  |
| Institutions | University of Milan |
|  | |


title: Eva Carrillo de García

abstract: María de los Ángeles Guadalupe Eva Carrillo y Gallardo de García (1883-1979), was a Mexican-American missionary, nurse, social-welfare volunteer, and civil-rights activist.

text:
# Eva Carrillo de García

**María de los Ángeles Guadalupe Eva Carrillo y Gallardo de García** (1883-1979), was a Mexican-American missionary, nurse, social-welfare volunteer, and civil-rights activist.

## Background

Eva Carrillo de García was born on December 12, 1883, in Los Angeles, California to Teressa Gallardo de Carrillo and Nicanor Luis Carrilo. Before she turned five, her mother died of typhoid fever. Her father remarried. Eva became a ward of the Methodist Church and Dr. Levi Salmans, the first medical Methodist missionary to Mexico. She attended the Colegio Juarez in Guanajuato, Mexico. By 1906, she graduated from Bethany Hospital, a school for nursing in Larned, Kansas. By 1910, she graduated from the Chicago Training School for City, Home, and Foreign Missions. This school was an early branch of Northwestern University. After graduating, she worked as a nurse at the Battle Creek Sanitarium in Michigan, which was the famous Kellogg health facility of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

At Battle Creek, she met Dr. Alberto G. García. They married in New Orleans, Louisiana on December 6, 1911. They had eight children – Ruissy Eva Garcia, Esperanza Maria Garcia, John Albert Garcia, Alicia Ella Garcia, Martha X. Garcia, Nicanor Garcia, Virginia Garcia and Hermès Garcia. Six of these children attended the University of Texas at Austin.

Mrs. Garcia gave her primary attention to raising her family but still managed to be active in numerous activities – both political and church activities. Having been trained as a nurse, she also worked at the George O. Robinson Orphanage in San Juan, Puerto Rico. She and her husband lived in Central America and Mexico until moving to Austin, Texas in 1915.

## Significance

In 1920, Alberto and Eva co-wrote and co-published the first Spanish-language newspaper in Austin, called La Vanguardia. Eva also participated in health/education drives. One of these drives was focused on preventing tuberculosis. As an elder at University Methodist Church, she was an active number of the women’s groups there. She helped found Emmanuel Methodist, the second Mexican Methodist Church in Austin. She organized parties for graduating students. She also worked with youth and collaborated with a city probation officer and juvenile agencies to stop boys and girls from turning to delinquency. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, she taught Spanish to students from Austin Military Academy.

She was active in many clubs, including the League of Women Voters of Texas. In late 1930s, García became a founding member and the president of Ladies LULAC in Austin. She fought to desegregate movie theaters and swimming pools. She also fought to desegregate schools. Together with her husband, she encouraged others to buy property, vote, pay the poll tax, and defend their rights.

The collection of their papers are housed at the Benson Collection at UT Austin. More information: https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/taro/aushc/00274/00274-P.html

## Death

Garcia died on September 26, 1979, and was buried in Capital Memorial Park. In March 1989, Garcia's name and picture were added in a pictorial display at the Capitol in order to mark National Women's History Month. This display, which was sponsored by the Austin Commission for Women, was given, as a gift, to the city of Austin for the 150th anniversary of the city’s founding.


title: Evert Gullberg Three-Decker

abstract: The Evert Gullberg Three-Decker is a historic triple decker in Worcester, Massachusetts. Built c. 1902, the house is a well-preserved instance of an early Colonial Revival triple decker with a gambrel roof. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

text:
# Evert Gullberg Three-Decker

The **Evert Gullberg Three-Decker** is a historic triple decker in Worcester, Massachusetts. Built c. 1902, the house is a well-preserved instance of an early Colonial Revival triple decker with a gambrel roof. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

## Description and history

The Evert Gullberg Three-Decker stands in Worcester's northeastern Lincoln-Brittan Square neighborhood, on the east side of Ashton Street. It is a three-story wood frame structure, with a cross-gabled gambrel roof. Distinctive elements include the large gambrel gables, front windows with stained glass sections, and the third floor porch, which is recessed behind a shingled arch. Original shingling on the walls, typically found in the skirting below the front bay windows, has been covered by modern siding. The porches to the left of the window bay are likewise later 20th-century replacements.

The house was built about 1902, and represents an early example of the gambrel-roofed triple decker in the city, a style of Colonial Revival architecture that would not become widely deployed until the 1920s. The area was at the time of construction developing as a streetcar suburb, serving a largely middle-class population. Evert Gullberg, the first owner, was a carpenter; tenants included a salesman and a grocer. Most of the next few owners were absentee owners who used the building as a rental property.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Evert Gullberg Three-Decker | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 18 Ashton St.,<br>Worcester, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 42°16′58″N 71°47′27″W / 42.28278°N 71.79083°W / 42.28278; -71.79083 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | c. 1902 (1902) |
| Architectural style | Colonial Revival |
| MPS | Worcester Three-Deckers TR |
| NRHP reference No. | 89002388 |
| Added to NRHP | February 9, 1990 |


title: Evert Gummesson

abstract: Evert Gummesson was Professor Emeritus of Service Marketing and Management at the Stockholm Business School, where he was formerly the Director of Research. He received his Ph.D. from Stockholm University, Stockholm School of Economics. He was a Fellow and Honorary Doctor of Hanken School of Economics, Helsinki, Finland, and a Fellow of the University of Tampere, Finland.

text:
# Evert Gummesson

**Evert Gummesson** (18 January 1936 – 2 April 2023) was Professor Emeritus of Service Marketing and Management at the Stockholm Business School, where he was formerly the Director of Research. He received his Ph.D. from Stockholm University, Stockholm School of Economics. He was a Fellow and Honorary Doctor of Hanken School of Economics, Helsinki, Finland, and a Fellow of the University of Tampere, Finland.

## Research

Gummesson's research interest includes services marketing, relationship marketing, service-dominant logic, organizational structure, grounded theory, case study methodology, and other research methodologies.

## Professional activities

He was a Senior Advisory Board member for the European Journal of Marketing.

## Publications

* Gummesson, E. Montserrat, D-M. Saren, M. (2022). Improving the Evaluation of Scholarly Work. Springer Int Publ. AG.
* Gummesson, E. (2017). Case theory in business and management: Reinventing case study research. Sage.
* Gummesson, E. (2011). Total relationship marketing. Routledge.
* Lovelock, C., & Gummesson, E. (2004). Whither services marketing? In search of a new paradigm and fresh perspectives. Journal of service research, 7(1), 20-41.
* Gummesson, E. (2002). Relationsmarknadsföring i tjänsteföretag: från 4 P till 30 R. Liber.
* Gummesson, E. (2000). Qualitative methods in management research. Sage.
* Gummesson, E. (1984). Resultatinriktad marknadsföring. Norstedts Juridik.

## Awards

* S-D Logic Award (June 2011),

* Christopher Lovelock Career Contributions to the Service Discipline Award (2000),

## InfoBox

| Evert Gummesson | |
| --- | --- |
| Gummesson in 2015 | |
| Born | Evert Gummesson<br>18 January 1936 |
| Died | 2 April 2023 (age 87) |
| Nationality | Swedish |
| Occupation | Professor |
| Employer | Stockholm University |
| Title | Professor Emeritus |


title: Evert Hingst

abstract: Evert Constantijn Hingst was a Dutch lawyer. He was murdered in Amsterdam, one day before he was to talk to various media about the various investigations the Dutch Department of Justice was conducting after him. Among Hingst's clients were many noted criminals, including Sam Klepper and John Mieremet, who was once shot in front of Hingst's office. After this assault, Mieremet had claimed that Hingst had tried to set him up and promised revenge. Hingst was gunned down on 31 October. His murder was one of several in a string of underworld killings during late October and early November 2005 and one in a longer series of assassinations that started in 2000. Mieremet was murdered two days later, on 2 November, in Thailand. Both he and Hingst were suspected of involvement in the extortion and subsequent murder of real estate magnate Willem Endstra. Born in Utrecht, Hingst was imprisoned for several weeks when, during a raid of his office in 2005, the police discovered three firearms and a large sum of cash. A suspect of money laundering, membership of a criminal organization and possession of firearms, Hingst gave up his profession as a lawyer in July 2005. Hingst had previously been arrested on charges of forgery of documents in 2004.

text:
# Evert Hingst

**Evert Constantijn Hingst** (22 March 1969 – 31 October 2005) was a Dutch lawyer. He was murdered in Amsterdam, one day before he was to talk to various media about the various investigations the Dutch Department of Justice was conducting after him.

Among Hingst's clients were many noted criminals, including Sam Klepper and John Mieremet, who was once shot in front of Hingst's office. After this assault, Mieremet had claimed that Hingst had tried to set him up and promised revenge. Hingst was gunned down on 31 October. His murder was one of several in a string of underworld killings during late October and early November 2005 and one in a longer series of assassinations that started in 2000. Mieremet was murdered two days later, on 2 November, in Thailand. Both he and Hingst were suspected of involvement in the extortion and subsequent murder of real estate magnate Willem Endstra.

Born in Utrecht, Hingst was imprisoned for several weeks when, during a raid of his office in 2005, the police discovered three firearms and a large sum of cash. A suspect of money laundering, membership of a criminal organization and possession of firearms, Hingst gave up his profession as a lawyer in July 2005. Hingst had previously been arrested on charges of forgery of documents in 2004.

## InfoBox

| Evert Hingst | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 22 March 1969
Utrecht, Netherlands |
| Died | 31 October 2005(2005-10-31) (aged 36)
Amsterdam, Netherlands |
| Occupation | Lawyer |


title: Every Kid in a Park

abstract: Every Kid in a Park is a program run by the United States National Park Service in which fourth graders in the country receive free admission to National Parks. The program was created by Barack Obama in 2015 and has been renewed annually every year since.

text:
# Every Kid in a Park

**Every Kid in a Park** is a program run by the United States National Park Service in which fourth graders in the country receive free admission to National Parks. The program was created by Barack Obama in 2015 and has been renewed annually every year since.

## Overview

On February 19, 2015, President Obama announced the initiative. The initiative was launched in the fall of 2015 to coincide with the one hundredth anniversary of the National Park Service. The National Park Service gives all United States students in the fourth grade and their families an annual pass for free admission. Areas of admission include national parks, forests, monuments, and wildlife refuges. Around the time of the announcement of the initiative, annual passes to national parks generally cost $80.

Cost coverage for the free passes will come from the National Park Service's $20-million budget for youth engagement programs. The National Park Foundation and National Park Service will provide transportation grants and educational materials to schools, with a focus on schools that have greater need. Such transportation grants are part of the National Park Foundation's "Ticket to Ride" program. Resources will also be provided to facilitate the location of nearby parks and supporting youth programs.

Criticism of the initiative includes concern over a possible increase in National Parks' reliance on Congress. Another concern of the initiative is of its cost, but one source from *The Washington Post* projects that only $2.3 million in revenue will be lost.

Fourth-graders were specifically chosen for "logistical, educational and instructional reasons", according to a White House official. The National Park Service as well as other public agencies already have fourth grade programs in place. Furthermore, many states within the United States teach state history during fourth grade, so National Park programs are relevant to the grade. Other reasons include ease in coordination of trips by a student's one teacher (rather than multiple teachers, as present in higher grades) and the idea of youth building early connections with nature.

The Every Kid in a Park website everykidinapark.gov was designed and developed by 18F.

The Every Kid in a Park website everykidinapark.org was designed and developed by Sub Rosa.

The John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act, signed in March 2019, included the Every Kid Outdoors Act, which authorized the program for 7 years.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

Every Kid in a Park
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Owner | National Park Service |
| Created by | Barack Obama |
| Registration | None |
| Launched | September 1, 2015 (2015-09-01) |