title: Taiping Clubs

abstract: The Taiping Clubs were sports and recreation clubs that existed in the city of Taiping, Malaysia, during the 1880s. At the time, the city saw significant growth in European as well as Chinese, Indian, Arab, and Indonesian communities, and thus the need for such clubs arose. The following is a non-exhaustive list of these establishments.

text:
# Taiping Clubs

The **Taiping Clubs** were sports and recreation clubs that existed in the city of Taiping, Malaysia, during the 1880s. At the time, the city saw significant growth in European as well as Chinese, Indian, Arab, and Indonesian communities, and thus the need for such clubs arose. The following is a non-exhaustive list of these establishments.

## Perak Club (Old Club)

The Perak Club was the premier social institution of Taiping and was the senior club in the Malay States. Colonel Robert Sandilands Frowd Walker was in large measure responsible for its formation and development in 1881. Among the early patrons were Sir Hugh Low, formerly British Resident of Perak, William Edward Maxwell, Assistant Resident, and Major Paul Swinburne. The clubhouse was erected by the government, and is still kept in repair by the Public Works Department. In front of the building is a playing field which is used for cricket, football, hockey, and tennis. The athletics section of the club is known as the Cricket and Recreation Club, and was the leading sporting club of the Federated Malay States. It organized the first inter-state matches in Malaya. Many European residents of Larut, Matang, Krian, and Upper Perak were members of the club, and as was usual with most Federated Malay States clubs, ladies were admitted to its privileges gratis.

## New Club

The leading social institution in the capital of Perak was the New Club, formed in 1892. Its chief promoters were the late Dr. Shepherd and Messrs. Lefroy, Mais, Gray, and Aylesbury. During the first year of its existence, the clubhouse was sold to the Sultan of Perak, and the present structure, built on a site granted by the Perak Government and H.M. Sultan Sir Idris Shah from plans prepared by Mr. Lefroy in 1893, was opened in the following year. The building scheme was financed by the issue of debentures to the value of 10,000 dollars, nearly the whole of which has now been paid off. The clubhouse overlooks the cricket and football grounds and the Taiping Hills. It contains reading, billiard, and card rooms, a large dining room, and five residential chambers. To the rear of the club building there is a croquet ground. The Taiping Golf Club has its headquarters onsite.

**List of New Club's Presidents**

1894 - 1898 H.A.W. Aylesbury

1898 - 1900 A.R. Venning

1901 - 1902 F.St. G. Caulfeild

1903 - 1907 Colonel R.S.F. Walker

1908 - 1909 H.C.N. Barnard

1909 - 1910 Sir E.W. Birch

1910 - 1911 B.C.N. Knight

1911 - 1912 Lt. Col. W.P. Hume

1912 - 1913 W.H. Tate

1913 - 1914 D.S.C.G. Fox

1914 - 1915 R.G. Watson

1915 - 1916 T.C. Fleming

1916 - 1918 R.G. Watson

1918 - 1919 V. Hill

1919 - 1920 C.W.H. Cochrane

1920 - 1921 W.A. Wilkinson

1921 - 1922 J.N. Sheffield

1922 - 1923 F.W. Mager

1923 - 1924 D.G.B. McHutchison

1924 - 1926 T.S. Adams

1926 - 1927 H.G. Baxter

1927 - 1928 L.C. Pearson

1928 - 1929 Major W.A.D. Edwardes

1929 - 1930 S.B. Palmer

1930 - 1931 J.N. Sheffield

1931 - 1935 S.B. Palmer

1935 - 1936 E.T. Jacques

1936 - 1939 S.B. Palmer

1939 - 1940 H.L.H. Tate

1940 - 1941 S.B. Palmer

1940 - 1945 (World War II)

1945 - 1946 C.N. Wood

1946 - O.T. Lovett

## Perak Turf Club

The Perak Turf Club was established in 1884; it was the first exclusive turf club ever built in Perak. It was the idea of Sir Frank Swettenham, who was passionate about horse racing. The new race course was located at Waterfall Road, later changed to Race Course Road, near the Lake Gardens. It held ordinary racing in the Federated Malay States — the major tournaments were held at Penang, Selangor, or Singapore. In 1906, it had a membership of about 250. The present course is at Waterfall Road, Taiping, which is 7 furlongs in length. There was an old course, situated about three miles away from Taiping, on which races were run. In 1886, Burma ponies provided most of the racing and the meetings were primarily social functions. The turf club was the only club that attracted people of all classes, especially the Chinese, to mingle around, because of the sweepstakes and lotteries, as gambling was a favourite pastime. Sir E.W. Birch, a racing enthusiast, would travel to distant turf clubs just to join the major tournament, and was crucial to developing racing interest in the area. In 1934, when the importance of Taiping had declined below that of Ipoh, the club was shifted to Ipoh, still bearing the same name.

## Taiping Swimming Club

The club was formed in 1914 and shared a building with the New Club. At the beginning, the club's activities were carried out at the waterfall site near the foothill of Maxwell Hill. However, in 1929, a swimming pool was built near the Maxwell Hill to accommodate the growth in membership.

## Perak Golf Club

The Perak Golf Club was established in 1894 and housed at the New Club buildings. It claimed to be the first of its kind formed in the Federated Malay States. This nine-hole golf course was reserved exclusively for New Club members. The golf field was originally located near the Taiping Goal.

## Ladies’ Rifle Association

The Ladies' Rifle Association was formed in 1903.

## Other clubs

* **Taiping Sikh Club**
* **Taiping Recreation Club**
* **Istana Club**
* **Muslim Club**
* **Perak Rifle Association (gentlemen)**
* **Chinese Recreation Club**

## Sources

* Swettenham, Sir Frank, British Malaya: An Account of the Origin and Progress of British Influence in Malaya, London, (1955)
* Wright, Arnold, Twentieth Century Impressions of British Malaya, London (1908)
* Keane, Augustus Henry, *A Geography of the Malay Peninsula, Indo-China, the Eastern Archipelago, the Philippines, and New Guinea* (1892)
* Harrison, C.W., An Illustrated Guide to the Federated Malay States (1910)
* Smith, D. Warres, European Settlements in the Far East (1900)
* Japan. Tetsud-osh-o, An official guide to eastern Asia v.5 1920
* Federated Malay States Railways Pamphlet (1914)
* Eugene Khoo, 2007 A History of Taiping, Malaysia

4°51′25″N 100°44′37″E / 4.856846°N 100.7436497°E / 4.856846; 100.7436497


title: Carl Akhurst

abstract: Carl Adrian Akhurst was an Australian accountant, secretary and politician who served as a Member of the Legislative Council of New South Wales from 1925 to 1934. Initially appointed by the Governor of New South Wales as one of 25 Labor Party appointees, Akhurst was expelled from the party after failing to vote for the Council's abolition in 1926. Readmitted to the Federal Labor Party in 1931, Akhurst unsuccessfully sought re-election as the ALP candidate to the council in 1940.

text:
# Carl Akhurst

**Carl Adrian Akhurst** JP (14 June 1886  8 September 1953) was an Australian accountant, secretary and politician who served as a Member of the Legislative Council of New South Wales from 1925 to 1934. Initially appointed by the Governor of New South Wales as one of 25 Labor Party appointees, Akhurst was expelled from the party after failing to vote for the Council's abolition in 1926. Readmitted to the Federal Labor Party in 1931, Akhurst unsuccessfully sought re-election as the ALP candidate to the council in 1940.

## Early life and background

Akhurst was born on 14 June 1886 at Darlinghurst, New South Wales, to printer and accountant Thomas Carlyle Akhurst and Emily Kate Naphthali. His paternal grandfather was prominent actor, playwright and journalist, William Mower Akhurst (1822–1878). Akhurst spent his early years at Annandale, with the family residence at 51 Annandale Street, and received education at Annandale Public School, Blennerhassett's Institute of Accountancy and the Ballarat School of Mines. Akhurst first gained employment as a clerk on the staff of the newspaper *The Australian Worker*, published by the Australian Workers' Union. In 1905 he joined the Labor Party, was secretary of the Darlinghurst ALP branch, and was private secretary to Donald Macdonell and Edward Grayndler in their capacity as general secretaries of the Australian Workers' Union. After moving from Darlinghurst to a residence at 5 Bray Street, North Sydney and later Naremburn, Akhurst became secretary of the St Leonards and Willoughby ALP Branches.

In the period 1921–1922, he was private secretary to the Minister for Public Instruction in the Dooley Labor Government, Thomas Mutch. Akhurst then joined wine and spirit merchants Westphal and Clarke, was a tally clerk on the Sydney wharves, became share registrar of the Primary Producers Bank of Australia, and was appointed a Fellow of the Institute of Incorporated Secretaries (FIIS). In September 1924, Akhurst received appointment as a Justice of the Peace (JP).

## Member of the Legislative Council

When the conservative Nationalist/Progressive coalition government of Sir George Fuller, was defeated at the May 1925 NSW state election by the Labor Party under Jack Lang, the new Labor Government only held a single seat majority in the Legislative Assembly and only a handful of members in the upper Legislative Council. With the Legislative Council comprising members appointed by the Governor for life terms, it had long been seen by Lang and the Labor Party as an outdated bastion of conservative privilege holding back their reform agenda. Although Lang denied that his intention was full abolition, in September 1925 Lang requested Governor Sir Dudley de Chair to appoint 25 new members to the Council, including Akhurst. De Chair, concerned that Lang's government intended to abolish the upper house, initially agreed to fifteen, but by December 1925 agreed to the full list of 25 nominees, on condition that the appointments should not be used to abolish the council.

On 21 December 1925 Akhurst took up his life appointment to the Legislative Council as a Labor member. By January 1926, Lang had reneged on his promise to the Governor, and his government's representative, Albert Willis, presented a bill in the Legislative Council for abolition, which took even some of the recent 25 appointees by surprise, although Akhurst voted yes at the bill's first reading. When the bill came up for a final reading on 23 February 1925, Akhurst was absent from the chamber when the division was called which, when combined with five other Labor appointees also being absent and two Labor members voting against, resulted in the abolition proposal's defeat 47 votes to 41.

Akhurst later explained that his absence was an unfortunate accident, having been called away on business at dinner, and arrived back at Parliament too late, after the doors had closed to the chamber for the division vote. Nevertheless, consequences were swift and on 5 March the ALP Executive expelled the two ALP MLCs that had voted against the bill, and requested the five MLCs (including Akhurst) who had been absent without cause to justify why they should not be expelled. At the party conference held on 10 April 1926, a motion was passed confirming the expulsion of Akhurst and the other four members who had been absent. In response to his expulsion from the Labor Party, Akhurst complained that he had not been given a proper opportunity to speak against his expulsion at the conference and declared: "To be a Laborite one must not necessarily be a Langite. Despite anything the Lang faction may do, I will stand firm in my loyalty to Labor principles. My association with the Labor movement extends over a period of 21 years, and I challenge Mr. Lang to point to one instance where I have violated my pledge or broken my word".

Having been employed with the Primary Producers Bank of Australia since the 1920s, Akhurst undertook several tours of rural New South Wales to inspect agricultural conditions, including Bourke, Moree, Gilgandra, Collie, Warren, Nevertire, Trangie and Narromine. He left the bank in February 1931, prior to the bank's collapse into liquidation.

With the expulsion of the NSW Branch of the Australian Labor Party in November 1931, Akhurst rejoined the ALP to sit in the council as one of 15 representatives of the Federal Labor Party. Akhurst continued to serve on the council for Federal Labor until its reconstitution as an indirectly elected chamber from 22 April 1934. Akhurst had sought election to the new council but failed to secure a seat amongst a crowded field of 90 candidates for 65 positions and which only five Federal Labor candidates were successful.

## Later life

In August 1934, Akhurst travelled to Dubbo to be campaign secretary for the local ALP federal Member of Parliament for Darling, Arthur Blakeley, to support his ultimately unsuccessful campaign in the 1934 federal election against Lang Labor.

With the reunification of the NSW and Federal branches of the ALP in 1936 and the deposition in 1939 of Lang as the NSW party leader by William McKell, Akhurst was again a member of the united Labor Party and in late 1940, when the sitting Legislative Council member for the United Australia Party, James Ryan, died in office, Akhurst was nominated by the ALP to be the party's candidate in the Council by-election to fill the vacancy. Despite receiving 28 votes from the Labor bloc on the Council, Akhurst did not receive any other support and the United Australia Party candidate, William Bradley, was ultimately successful at the election held on 22 October 1940.

In the early 1940s, Akhurst moved to the New England region town of Barraba to manage a scheelite and tungsten mine, being granted a mining lease by the NSW Government on 21 July 1941. While in Barraba he lived at the Victoria Hotel on Queen Street. In 1942 and 1943 he was elected as President of the Barraba Branch of the ALP, and later became vice-president of the New England Federal Electorate Council in 1945.

## Personal life

On 15 February 1910 at the Congregational Church, Collins Street, Melbourne, he married Laura Ellen Thomas of Ballarat. After moving to North Sydney in 1912 and later Naremburn, the marriage produced a daughter, Olwyn Ellen Akhurst (born 5 March 1912; Renfree from 1937), and a son, Thomas Adrian Akhurst (born 18 June 1916). His first wife died of pneumonic influenza at Brighton Emergency Hospital on 1 May 1919.

Akhurst soon remarried in 1920 to Marian Lucardou-Wells, which produced a daughter, Peggy Akhurst (Langemyr from 1944). His second wife died in 1942, and Akhurst remarried a third time on 13 January 1943 to Ethel May Smith. Akhurst was a member of the Commercial Travellers' Club (1925–1953) and the NSW Masonic Club, a Freemason (Leinster Marine Lodge, Sedgwick Sovereign Chapter), and a scribe and esteemed brother of the Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes (Grand Australian Banner).

In retirement, Akhurst lived in Rockdale, at 317 Princes Highway, where he died at the age of 67 in September 1953, survived by his third wife and three children. His funeral was held at St John's Anglican Church, Rockdale, and was buried at Woronora Crematorium.

## InfoBox

| Carl Adrian AkhurstJP | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the New South Wales Legislative Council | |
| **In office**
21 December 1925  22 April 1934 | |
| Nominated by | Jack Lang |
| Appointed by | Sir Dudley de Chair |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1886-06-14)14 June 1886
Darlinghurst, Colony of New South Wales |
| Died | 8 September 1953(1953-09-08) (aged 67)
Rockdale, New South Wales, Australia |
| Resting place | Woronora Memorial Park |
| Political party | Australian Labor Party (NSW Branch) (1905–1926)
Federal Labor Party (1931–1936)
Australian Labor Party (NSW Branch) (1936–1953) |
| Other political
affiliations | Independent (1926–1931) |
| Spouse(s) | Laura Ellen Thomas
(b.1878–m.1910–d.1919)
Marion Lucardou-Wells
(b.1890–m.1920–d.1942)
Ethel May Benson
(b.1895–m.1943–d.1962) |
| Relations | William Mower Akhurst (grandfather) |
| Children | Olwyn Ellen Akhurst (1912–2006)
Thomas Adrian Akhurst (1916–1995) |
|  | |


title: (It) Feels So Good

abstract: "(It) Feels So Good" is a song by Aerosmith frontman Steven Tyler. Written by Tyler and Marti Frederiksen, it features background vocals from American recording artist Nicole Scherzinger. It premiered on Ryan Seacrest's radio show on KIIS-FM in Los Angeles on May 9, 2011, and released digitally via iTunes and Amazon MP3 on May 10, 2011.

text:
# (It) Feels So Good

"**(It) Feels So Good**" is a song by Aerosmith frontman Steven Tyler. Written by Tyler and Marti Frederiksen, it features background vocals from American recording artist Nicole Scherzinger. It premiered on Ryan Seacrest's radio show on KIIS-FM in Los Angeles on May 9, 2011, and released digitally via iTunes and Amazon MP3 on May 10, 2011.

## Background

Originally titled "Oxygen", the track was written in 2002 throughout the making of Aerosmith's 'career-spanning compilation' *O Yeah! Ultimate Aerosmith Hits* and is in a similar vein to pop-orientated efforts such as *Just Push Play*. The band instead opted to record "Girls of Summer" and "Lay It Down". Tyler subsequently recorded a demo of the song, which later leaked to the Internet.

The cover photo was captured by Steve Erle. The logo used can be found on much of Tyler's clothing range (e.g. jackets, shirts, etc.), while the font is a similar style to that of the Aerosmith logo.

## Music video

The music video for the song was directed by Ray Kay. Kay, in the past has directed videos for Britney Spears, Lady Gaga, Melanie C, Justin Bieber and Adam Lambert. Filming took place in April 2011 and the world premiere took place on Thursday, May 12, 2011, on *American Idol* where Tyler was a member of the judging panel alongside Jennifer Lopez and Randy Jackson. It features Nicole Scherzinger, who also provides backing vocals.

Tyler performed the song in 2011 in Las Vegas, Nevada with Nicole Scherzinger on backing vocals, fellow Idol judge Randy Jackson playing bass guitar, and legendary British guitarist Jeff Beck.

## Cover versions

Tribute Mega Stars made an album with a cover of the song, an instrumental mix, an a cappella mix, a drums and vocals mix, and a mix with no drums.

## Chart performance

"(It) Feels So Good" made its debut on the *Billboard* Hot 100 at number 35, the highest-charting song by any member of Aerosmith since 2001's "Jaded". It also debuted at number 24 on Hot Digital Songs, with 77,000 downloads. As of July 15, 2011, the song has sold 197,000 copies.

## Charts

| Chart (2011) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Rock (*Billboard*) | 23 |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 35 |
| US Adult Pop Airplay (*Billboard*) | 17 |
| US Pop Airplay (*Billboard*) | 37 |
|

## InfoBox

| "(It) Feels So Good" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Steven Tyler | |
| Released | May 10, 2011 |
| Genre | Pop rock, power pop |
| Length | 3:31 |
| Label | Columbia |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Marti Frederiksen |
| Steven Tyler singles chronology | |
| "Love Lives"
(2010) "**(It) Feels So Good**"
(2011) "Love Is Your Name"
(2015) | |


title: Sazep

abstract: Sazep is a village in the Champhai district of Mizoram, India. It is located in the Khawbung R.D. Block.

text:
# Sazep

**Sazep** is a village in the Champhai district of Mizoram, India. It is located in the Khawbung R.D. Block.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Sazep has 111 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 93.53%.

Demographics (2011 Census)
|  | Total | Male | Female |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Population | 649 | 326 | 323 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 108 | 52 | 56 |
| Scheduled caste | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Scheduled tribe | 628 | 315 | 313 |
| Literates | 506 | 258 | 248 |
| Workers (all) | 234 | 157 | 77 |
| Main workers (total) | 234 | 157 | 77 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 204 | 134 | 70 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Main workers: Other | 30 | 23 | 7 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Non-workers | 415 | 169 | 246 |

## InfoBox

| Sazep Sạzêp | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| SazepLocation in Mizoram, IndiaSazepSazep (India) | |
| Coordinates: 23°14′08″N 93°18′06″E / 23.2354386°N 93.3017564°E / 23.2354386; 93.3017564 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Mizoram |
| District | Champhai |
| Block | Khawbung |
| Elevation | 1,441 m (4,728 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 649 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 796321 |
| 2011 census code | 271362 |


title: Erdman

abstract:
Erdman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
  - Andrew L. Erdman, American author, journalist, and scholar
  - Charles Erdman Petersdorff (1800–1886), legal writer
  - Charles R. Erdman Sr. (1866–1960), American Presbyterian minister and professor of theology at Princeton Theological Seminary
  - Charles R. Erdman Jr. (1897–1984), American Republican Party politician
  - Constantine Jacob Erdman (1846–1911), Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
  - David V. Erdman (1911–2001), American literary critic, editor, and Professor Emeritus of English at the State University of New York at Stony Brook
  - Derek Erdman, artist living in Seattle, Washington
  - Jacob Erdman (1801–1867), Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
  - Jean Erdman (1916–2020), dancer and choreographer of modern dance as well as an avant-garde theater director
  - Jean Erdman, Baron Dieskau (1701–1767), German-born soldier remembered mostly as a French general and commander in America
  - Marshall Erdman (1922–1995), Lithuanian-American builder and colleague of Frank Lloyd Wright
  - Molly Erdman, American actress and improvisational comedian
  - Nikolai Erdman (1900–1970), Soviet dramatist and screenwriter
  - Paul Erdman (1932–2007), one of the leading business and financial writers in the United States
  - Philip Erdman, Nebraska Republican state senator from Bayard, Nebraska in the Nebraska Legislature
  - Richard Erdman (1925–2019), American actor and director
  - Richard Erdman (artist), American artist
  - Wayne Erdman, retired Canadian judoka who represented Canada in Judo at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada
  - Woody Erdman (1926–1997), American sportscaster, television producer and businessman

text:
# Erdman

**Erdman** is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

* Andrew L. Erdman (born 1965), American author, journalist, and scholar
* Charles Erdman Petersdorff (1800–1886), legal writer
* Charles R. Erdman Sr. (1866–1960), American Presbyterian minister and professor of theology at Princeton Theological Seminary
* Charles R. Erdman Jr. (1897–1984), American Republican Party politician
* Constantine Jacob Erdman (1846–1911), Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
* David V. Erdman (1911–2001), American literary critic, editor, and Professor Emeritus of English at the State University of New York at Stony Brook
* Derek Erdman (born 1973), artist living in Seattle, Washington
* Jacob Erdman (1801–1867), Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
* Jean Erdman (1916–2020), dancer and choreographer of modern dance as well as an avant-garde theater director
* Jean Erdman, Baron Dieskau (1701–1767), German-born soldier remembered mostly as a French general and commander in America
* Marshall Erdman (1922–1995), Lithuanian-American builder and colleague of Frank Lloyd Wright
* Molly Erdman (born 1974), American actress and improvisational comedian
* Nikolai Erdman (1900–1970), Soviet dramatist and screenwriter
* Paul Erdman (1932–2007), one of the leading business and financial writers in the United States
* Philip Erdman (born 1977), Nebraska Republican state senator from Bayard, Nebraska in the Nebraska Legislature
* Richard Erdman (19252019), American actor and director
* Richard Erdman (artist) (born 1952), American artist
* Wayne Erdman (born 1952), retired Canadian judoka who represented Canada in Judo at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada
* Woody Erdman (1926–1997), American sportscaster, television producer and businessman


title: Crepidotus cinnabarinus

abstract: Crepidotus cinnabarinus is a species of saprophytic fungus in the family Crepidotaceae with a stipeless sessile cap distributed in North America and Europe. It is highly conspicuous and often found on fallen branches and rotting trunks of broad leafed trees. In England it appears from late summer to autumn.

text:
# Crepidotus cinnabarinus

***Crepidotus cinnabarinus*** is a species of saprophytic fungus in the family Crepidotaceae with a stipeless sessile cap distributed in North America and Europe. It is highly conspicuous and often found on fallen branches and rotting trunks of broad leafed trees. In England it appears from late summer to autumn.

## Description

* **Cap**: Bright orangish red, the cap (pileus) of C. cinnabarinus is generally about 2 to 18mm in diameter and is convex, shell or fan shaped with a finely down felted surface when fresh, especially at its base, becoming minutely pitted or more or less bald and dry. The margin is irregular to fibrous and initially inrolled.
* **Stipe (stem)**: Absent, but a pale, lateral pseudostem is sometimes present.
* **Gills**: Coloured pale brown with a red-orange edge, are crowded and adnexed.
* **Spores**: The spore print is buff. Spore shape is broadly elliptical to subspherical with a finely spiny to warty surface, measuring 8-8.5–8.5

× 5.5–6/5 μm in size.

| Mycological characteristics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | **Gills** on hymenium |
|  | Cap is **convex** |
|  | Hymenium is **adnexed** |
|  | Lacks a stipe |
|  | Spore print is **buff** |
|  | Ecology is **saprotrophic** |
|  | Edibility is **inedible** |

## InfoBox

| *Crepidotus cinnabarinus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Crepidotus cinnabarinus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Crepidotaceae |
| Genus: | *Crepidotus* |
| Species: | ***C. cinnabarinus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Crepidotus cinnabarinus***<br>Peck 1895 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| Crepidotus decurrens | |


title: Brennecke Nunataks

abstract: The Brennecke Nunataks are a group of large nunataks on the north side of the head of Beaumont Glacier, to the southwest of the Holmes Hills in south-central Palmer Land. They were mapped by the United States Geological Survey from aerial photographs taken by the U.S. Navy, 1966–69. In association with the names of oceanographers grouped in this area, the group was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Carl Wilhelm A. Brennecke (1875–1924), German oceanographer; member of the staff of Deutsche Seewarte, 1904–24; member of the Second German Antarctic Expedition, 1911–12.

text:
# Brennecke Nunataks

The **Brennecke Nunataks** (72°14′S 63°35′W / 72.233°S 63.583°W / -72.233; -63.583) are a group of large nunataks on the north side of the head of Beaumont Glacier, to the southwest of the Holmes Hills in south-central Palmer Land. They were mapped by the United States Geological Survey from aerial photographs taken by the U.S. Navy, 1966–69. In association with the names of oceanographers grouped in this area, the group was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Carl Wilhelm A. Brennecke (1875–1924), German oceanographer; member of the staff of Deutsche Seewarte (German Naval Observatory), 1904–24; member of the Second German Antarctic Expedition, 1911–12.

* This article incorporates public domain material from "Brennecke Nunataks". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.


title: CS Dinamo București (women's handball)

abstract: Handbal Club Dinamo Bitcoin București, also known as HC Dinamo Bitcoin București or HC Dinamo Bitcoin, is a women's handball team based in Bucharest, Romania. They are sponsored by Bitcoin.

text:
# CS Dinamo București (women's handball)

**Handbal Club Dinamo Bitcoin București**, also known as **HC Dinamo Bitcoin București** or **HC Dinamo Bitcoin**, is a women's handball team based in Bucharest, Romania. They are sponsored by Bitcoin.

## Kits

## Players

### Current squad

*As of 30 June 2017*

### Transfers

*Transfers for the 2017-2018*

## Personnel

### Current technical staff

| Position | Staff |
| --- | --- |
| Head coach | Nicoleta Alexandrescu |
| Assistant coach | Ion Ivan |
| Kinetotherapist | Marian Stan |

Last updated: 3 April 2017
Source:

## InfoBox

| HC Dinamo Bitcoin București | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Handbal Club Dinamo Bitcoin București |
| Short name | Dinamo; Bitcoin |
| Founded | 2016 |
| Arena | Dinamo Polyvalent Hall |
| Capacity | 2,538 |
| President | Constantin Căliman |
| Head coach | Nicoleta Alexandrescu |
| League | Divizia A |
| 2018–19 | Divizia A, Seria B, 3rd |
| Club colours |  |
|  | |
| **Website** <br>Official site | |


title: Plutus (opera)

abstract: Plutus is a three-act opéra comique by Charles Lecocq, with a libretto by Albert Millaud and Gaston Jollivet. It was first presented at the Opéra-Comique, Paris, on 31 March 1886; it was not a success and was taken off after eight performances. This was the first and last opera Lecocq wrote for the Opéra-Comique. The story, with an ancient Greek setting, is loosely based on a play by Aristophanes, and portrays the damage that wealth can do to the course of true love.

text:
# Plutus (opera)

***Plutus*** is a three-act opéra comique by Charles Lecocq, with a libretto by Albert Millaud and Gaston Jollivet. It was first presented at the Opéra-Comique, Paris, on 31 March 1886; it was not a success and was taken off after eight performances. This was the first and last opera Lecocq wrote for the Opéra-Comique.

The story, with an ancient Greek setting, is loosely based on a play by Aristophanes, and portrays the damage that wealth can do to the course of true love.

## Background and performance history

Despite his great popularity with the Parisian public during the 1870s and early 1880s, Lecocq had not been invited to compose for the prestigious Opéra-Comique. In 1884 he finally received a commission to do so. Work proceeded slowly because Lecocq's health was uncertain, and he required serious surgery at one point, but the score was completed by the end of July 1885.

For the libretto Albert Millaud and Gaston Jollivet reworked a two-act verse comedy they had written in 1873 for the Théâtre du Vaudeville. The manager of the Vaudeville at the time of the first production was Léon Carvalho. He had gone on to be the director of the Opéra Comique, where the operatic version of *Plutus* was put into rehearsal in December 1885. Lecocq dedicated the score to him. For their plot, Millaud and Jollivet drew on Aristophanes' comedy *Plutus*, adding a love interest and softening the satire. The opera received notices ranging from polite to critical, and it was taken off after eight performances and replaced with a revival of Ambroise Thomas' *Le songe d'une nuit d'été*. Lecocq wrote no more works for the Opéra-Comique.

## Original cast

* Plutus, God of Wealth (bass) – Lucien Fugère
* Chrémyle, a labourer (bass) – Hippolyte Belhomme
* Xinthias, son of Chremyle (tenor) – Jean Mouliérat
* Carion, slave (baritone) – Gabriel Soulacroix
* Xenon, a rich old man (tenor) – Pierre Grivot
* Blepsidème, a labourer (bass) – M. Balanqué
* Aristippe, a peasant (tenor) – M. Mauguière
* Lycas, a winemaker (tenor) – M. Sujol
* Cléomène, a winemaker (bass) – M. Étienne Troy
* Myrrha, fiancée of Xinthias (soprano) – Juliette Patoret
* La pauvreté (mezzo-soprano) – Blanche Deschamps-Jéhin
* Praxagora, a rich widow (mezzo-soprano) – Juliette Pierron
* A reaper (soprano) – Mlle. Dupont
* A reaper (mezzo-soprano) – Mlle. Degrandi

Source: Vocal score and *Almanach des Spectacles*.

## Synopsis

The opera is set in the ancient Greek world. The hero is Xinthias, son of a poor labourer, Chrémyle. He is attended by a slave, Carion, who is more clear-thinking than his master. Both master and slave are preoccupied with affairs of the heart: Xinthias loves and is loved by Myrrha; Carion does not love but is loved by Praxagora, a rich widow, whom he is anxious to avoid.

Myrrha's father intends her to marry a rival suitor, Xénon, who is old and rich. Xinthias has consulted the oracle of Apollo, whose advice he follows in inviting into his house a blind and ragged tramp, who accepts his hospitality. The tramp is Plutus, the god of wealth, who rewards Xinthias by diverting the River Pactolus through the house. The waters of the Pactolus contain copious amounts of gold, and Xinthias becomes immensely rich. The waters flow through the local village, whose inhabitants, previously peaceable, become corrupted by the gold and jealousy, feuding and gossip are prevalent. Plutus's counterpart, the personification of poverty, appears and warns the villagers of the perils of wealth, but they drive her away.

Chrémyle now considers Myrrha an unequal match for his millionaire son, and the young lovers are disconsolate at his decision to forbid their marriage. Their despair touches the old man, who relents. But Myrrah now hesitates, feeling Xinthias's wealth may form a barrier between them. The young couple sing of gold as the curse of the world. Plutus takes pity on them and restores the lovers and their neighbours to poverty, love and happiness. He leaves. Carion comments that if wealth does not buy happiness it certainly goes some way to contributing to it.

Source: *The Era*.

## Numbers

**Act 1**

* Prelude
* Chorus – Ah! Nous avons quitté la chaumière (Ah! We have left the thatched cottage)
* Duet (Myrrha, Xinthias) – A l'heure où l'ombre croît (At the hour when the shadows are lengthening)

**Act 2**

* Entr'acte
* Couplets (Carion) – Je pourrais trouver mieux, sans doute (I could probably find better)
* Duet (Praxagora, Carion) – Ah! ce vin est une merveille (This wine is a marvel)
* Quartet (Myrrha, Praxagora, Xinthias, Carion) – A-t-elle vu son père? (Has she seen her father?)
* Madrigal (Xénon) – Que dites-vous là, ma pervenche (What do you say, my periwinkle?)
* Duet (Xinthias, Carion) – Elle est partie! — Oui, maître! (She has gone! Tes, master)
* Quartet (Xinthias, Carion, Chrémyle, Plutus) – Dites-moi, citoyens, le chemin pour Athènes (Citizens, tell me the way to Athens)
* Trio (Carion, Chrémyle, Plutus) – Nous le tenons! Il est à nous! (We hold it! It is ours)
* Finale – Mes amis, l'heure est opportune (My friends, the time is right)

**Act 3**

* Chorus – Le vin joyeux rit dans l'amphore (The happy wine laughs in the amphora)
* Bacchic couplets (Plutus) – A nous les vins, à nous les roses (To us the wines, to us the roses)
* Air (Myrrha) – Vénus, que traînent les colombes (Venus, with doves following in your wake)
* Duet (Myrrha, Xinthias) – Saluons d'un si beau jour (Greet so beautiful a day)
* Trio (Myrrha, Xinthias, Chrémyle) – Ta fiancée? (Your fiancée?)
* Morceau d'ensemble – Cela n'est pas de jeu (This is no game)
* Duet (Praxagora, Carion) – Est-ce toi que j'entends (It is you I hear)
* Couplets (Carion) – J'aurais voulu, sur mon âme (I should have liked, upon my soul)
* Finale – Restez! je plains voire souffrance (Stay! I feel pity for suffering)

Source: Vocal score.

## Critical reception

By 1886 Lecocq had an international reputation, and critics from Britain and the US as well as France attended the first night. In *Le Ménestrel*, Henri Moreno wrote that some numbers were overlong, but that on the whole the opera "does M. Lecocq much honour and deserves to be repeated". An American reviewer thought that although the piece did not match Lecocq's most celebrated opera, *La fille de Madame Angot*, in popular appeal, it contained "many charming airs, both gay and plaintive, some of which may possibly receive the honors of the barrel-organ". A British critic in *The Musical World* described the piece as a brilliant success, but his confrère in *The Era* disagreed: "The composer has not been equal to his reputation and his *Plutus* must be set down as the most unsuccessful and insignificant of his works ... the score is miserably weak as a whole". In a 2015 study of operetta, Robert Letellier comments that either Lecocq found the antique poem incompatible with his strengths as a composer or he was ill at ease writing for the prestigious Opéra Comique.

## References and sources

### References

### Sources

* Lecocq, Charles; Albert Millaud; Gaston Jollivet (1886). *Plutus, Opéra comique en trois actes*. Paris: Brandus. OCLC 474080983.
* Letellier, Robert (2015). *Operetta: A Sourcebook. Volume I*. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4438-6690-3.
* Milliet, Paul; Albert Soubies (1886). *Almanach des spectacles*. Vol. 13. Paris: Librarie des bibliophiles. OCLC 868203773.
* Wright, Lesley (2009). "Carvalho and the Opéra Comique". *Music, Theater and Cultural Transfer: Paris, 1830–1914*. Annegret Fauser and Mark Everist (ed). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-23926-2.


title: Tales of the Unexpected (comics)

abstract: Tales of the Unexpected was a science fiction, fantasy, and horror comics anthology series published by DC Comics from 1956 to 1968 for 104 issues. It was later renamed The Unexpected although the numbering continued and it ended at issue #222 in 1982. The title was revived as a limited series in 2006.

text:
# Tales of the Unexpected (comics)

***Tales of the Unexpected*** was a science fiction, fantasy, and horror comics anthology series published by DC Comics from 1956 to 1968 for 104 issues. It was later renamed *The Unexpected* although the numbering continued and it ended at issue #222 in 1982. The title was revived as a limited series in 2006.

## Publication history

### Original series

In response to the restrictions imposed by the Comics Code Authority, DC began a new science-fiction series in 1956. The series featured artwork by Murphy Anderson, Gil Kane, and many others, with stories by John Broome, Gardner Fox, and additional writers. It was an anthology comic for many years, publishing a variety of science fiction stories. The series featured Space Ranger as of issue #40 and running through #82 (April–May 1964). Other features included the "Green Glob" (issues #83–98, 100, 102, 103) and "Automan" (issues #91, 94, 97). The series' last issue as *Tales of the Unexpected* was #104 (December 1967–January 1968). As of issue #105 (February–March 1968), the title was shortened to *The Unexpected*.

### 2006 limited series

DC revived the title for an eight-issue miniseries in 2006, focusing on the Crispus Allen incarnation of the Spectre, with a back-up series featuring Doctor Thirteen.

The back-up feature starred a team made up of Thirteen and his daughter Traci, I…Vampire, Genius Jones, Captain Fear, Infectious Lass, Anthro, the Primate Patrol, and the Haunted Tank. It was written by Brian Azzarello and drawn by Cliff Chiang.

## Collected editions

* ***Showcase Presents: Tales of the Unexpected*** collects *Tales of the Unexpected* #1–20, 512 pages, August 2012, ISBN 1401235204
* ***The Jack Kirby Omnibus*** Volume 1 includes stories from *Tales of the Unexpected* #13, 15–18, and 21–24, 304 pages, August 2011, ISBN 1401231071
* ***Crisis Aftermath: The Spectre*** includes the Spectre lead stories from *Tales of the Unexpected* vol. 2 #1–3, 144 pages, May 2007, ISBN 1401213804
* ***Spectre: Tales of the Unexpected*** collects the Spectre lead stories from *Tales of the Unexpected* vol. 2 #4–8, 128 pages, December 2007, ISBN 1401215068
* ***Doctor 13: Architecture and Mortality*** collects the Doctor 13 backup stories from *Tales of the Unexpected* vol. 2 #1–8, 144 pages, September 2007, ISBN 1401215521

## InfoBox

| *Tales of the Unexpected* | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover of *Tales of the Unexpected* #1 (Feb.–March 1956) by Bill Ely. | |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | DC Comics |
| Schedule | Monthly |
| Format | Standard |
| Genre | Fantasy
Horror
Science fiction |
| Publication date | List * **(vol. 1)**
February–March 1956 – December 1967–January 1968
**(vol. 2)**
December 2006–July 2007 |
| No. of issues | List |
| Creative team | |
| Written by | List |
| Penciller(s) | List |
| Inker(s) | List * **(vol. 2)**
Prentis Rollins |
| Colorist(s) | List * **(vol. 2)**
Guy Major
Patricia Mulvihill |
| Editor(s) | List |


title: Carlo Boszhard

abstract: Carlo Boszhard is a Dutch TV personality, singer, impersonator, and host. His brother is Ron Boszhard.

text:
# Carlo Boszhard

**Carlo Boszhard** (born 26 June 1969) is a Dutch TV personality, singer, impersonator, and host. His brother is Ron Boszhard.

## Early life

Carlo was born as the youngest son of the Boszhard family, he is the brother of Ron Boszhard.

He spent his childhood in Amsterdam and had a predilection for theater and hamsters, show and entertainment in primary school. At the age of thirteen het started performing in theater *De Engelenbak* in Amsterdam. One of his teachers there was Dutch TV host Paul de Leeuw.

After completing the Agricultural and Horticultural school, he became a caretaker. He nursed elderly people suffering from dementia.

Yet, Boszhard still wanted to be a presenter. So he chose to perform as an extra in late 1980s television shows such as the *Ep Oorklep Show* (with André van Duin), *Pisa* (with Henk Spaan and Harry Vermeegen), and in the film *Dutch Treat* with the Dolly Dots.

In 1989 Boszhard responded to an advertisement from the AVRO and got himself hired as a host for the 1st time.

## Career

His career started in 1989, hosting a part of the AVRO program *Pauze TV* (Break TV). In 1990, he switched to RTL 4, where he would present *De Gek Van De Week-Show* (The Nut Of The Week-Show), which wasn't successful. In 1991, Boszhard joined Irene Moors in hosting the television program *Hitbingo*, but his career truly took off in 1993 with RTL 4's *Telekids*, co-starring Irene Moors, which made both them and the television show famous in the Netherlands.

His shows include *Cash en Carlo,* a Dutch adaptation of the American television game show *The Price Is Right,* *McCarlo* and *Monte Carlo*, both of which featured Carlo singing with guest talents, and *Life en Cooking* for RTL 4.

Boszhard was a voice actor for the Dutch versions of movies like *Mulan*, *Ice Age*, *The Magic Voyage*, *Frozen* and *Shrek*.

In 2009, Boszhard hosted the second incarnation of the Dutch *Wheel of Fortune*, entitled *Het Rad Van Fortuin.*

In the last few years, Boszhard has been working on impersonations of Dutch celebrities. He is the driving force behind the program *The TV Canteen*, broadcast by RTL 4. Boszhard worked on the concept of the show and developed it. In this satirical program, he impersonates famous people, together with Irene Moors. The program won the *Gouden Televizier Ring*, an award for outstanding TV programs on Dutch television, in October 2010.

Since 2019 Boszhard has been a jury member in the Dutch version of the program *The Masked Singer.*

He also is a rotating celebrity judge on Season 2 RuPaul's Drag Race Holland in 2021.

## Additional work

Carlo Boszhard has been an Ambassador for the Animal Aid Foundation (Stichting Dierenhulp) since 2000. During one of his broadcasts of *Monte Carlo*, Carlo came into contact with the initiator of this foundation. Carlo was impressed by this charity and has supported the Dutch organization ever since.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Network | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1993–1999 | *Telekids* | RTL 4 | Himself | Co-host |
| 2000–2009 | *Life & Cooking* | RTL 4 | Himself | Co-host |
| 2009–present | *The TV Canteen* | RTL 4 | Various |  |
| 2009–2015 | *Carlo & Irene: Life4You* | RTL 4 | Himself | Co-host |
| 2018–2019 | *Een goed stel hersens* | RTL 4 | Himself | Co-host |
| 2020 | *I Can See Your Voice* | RTL 4 | Himself | Host |

## Theatre

## InfoBox

| Carlo Boszhard | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1969-06-26) 26 June 1969<br>Amsterdam, Netherlands |
| Years active | 1989-present |
| **Career** | |
| Show |  |
| Country | Netherlands |
|  | |


title: (Just Like) Romeo and Juliet

abstract: "(Just Like) Romeo and Juliet" is a song written by Bob Hamilton and Freddie Gorman, first made famous by the 1964 hit recording by the Reflections. The song is the first person narrative of a young man who plans to find a job so that he can buy his girlfriend presents and a car to take her out on dates. He fears that if he fails to find gainful employ, their love will fall apart, a situation he likens to the famous tragedy Romeo and Juliet.

text:
# (Just Like) Romeo and Juliet

**"(Just Like) Romeo and Juliet"** is a song written by Bob Hamilton and Freddie Gorman, first made famous by the 1964 hit recording by the Reflections. The song is the first person narrative of a young man who plans to find a job so that he can buy his girlfriend presents and a car to take her out on dates. He fears that if he fails to find gainful employ, their love will fall apart, a situation he likens to the famous tragedy *Romeo and Juliet*.

## Background

Ed Wingate, owner of the newly formed Detroit-based Golden World Records, had signed the Reflections on the basis of the group's regional success with the single "You Said Goodbye" on the local Kay-Ko label. Songwriter Freddie Gorman, who had been recruited by Golden World from Motown, would recall that he considered his recent composition "(Just Like) Romeo and Juliet" as "tailor made" for the doo-wop-styled Reflections "because it had a pop feel, as opposed to the R&B thing they were doing." However Reflections' lead singer Tony Micale recalls that none of the group responded positively to the song when Gorman first sang it for them: "It just didn't sound like much with \[Gorman\] just playing a little piano backup".

The Reflections recorded the vocal for the track several weeks later at the RCA recording studio in Chicago. According to Micale, the group's members still regarded the song as somewhat of a joke. While running through the song prior to the recording session they ad-libbed a falsetto "doo-doo-doot" hook line as irreverent mimicry of Gorman's vocal style when he had pitched them the song. The group was surprised when Gorman added that line to the song's vocal arrangement. The instrumental track for "(Just Like) Romeo and Juliet" had been recorded at United Sound Systems in Detroit. Micale would recall that when the group's members first heard that instrumental track through the \[RCA\] studio monitors "we were just blown away... Some of the Motown \[session musicians\] were playing on it, and the sound was just amazing. Besides our vocals, the only thing added at that point were \[the\] 'doo-doo-doot's that we had come up with, and hand claps".

## Chart history

First aired on CKLW in Windsor, Ontario in February 1964, the single topped the hit parade of CKLW, as well as those of Detroit radio stations WJBK and WKNR in March 1964. "(Just Like) Romeo and Juliet" made its national chart debut on the *Billboard* Hot 100 dated April 11, 1964, ranked at #86 and rose to a Hot 100 peak of #6 on the chart dated May 30, 1964. In New Zealand, the song reached #5.

## Cover versions

## Mental As Anything's version

(Just Like) Romeo and Juliet" was recorded by Australian band Mental As Anything, released in November 1980 and it reached #27 on the Kent Music Report.

| "(Just Like) Romeo and Juliet" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Mental As Anything | |
| B-side | "Go Down" |
| Released | November 1980 |
| Genre | Pop, Rock |
| Length | 2:12 |
| Label | Regular Records |
| Songwriter(s) | Bob Hamilton,
Freddie Gorman |
| Producer(s) | Cameron Allan |
| Mental As Anything singles chronology | |
| "Come Around"
(1980) "**(Just Like) Romeo and Juliet**"
(1980) "If You Leave Me, Can I Come Too?"
(1981) | |

### Track listing

Regular Records (K8115)
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "(Just Like) Romeo And Juliet" | Bob Hamilton, Freddie Gorman | 2:12 |
| 2. | "Go Down" | Martin Plaza | 2:44 |

### Personnel

### Charts

| Chart (1980/81) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian (Kent Music Report) | 27 |

## InfoBox

| "(Just Like) Romeo and Juliet" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by The Reflections | |
| from the album  *(Just Like) Romeo and Juliet* | |
| B-side | "Can't You Tell By the Look in My Eyes" |
| Released | February 1964 |
| Recorded | 1963 |
| Studio | United Sound Systems, Detroit (instrumental track)
RCA Studios, Chicago (vocal track) |
| Genre | Pop, doo-wop |
| Length | 2:17 |
| Label | Golden World |
| Songwriter(s) | Bob Hamilton, Freddie Gorman |
| Producer(s) | Rob Reeco |
| The Reflections singles chronology | |
| "You Said Goodbye"
(1963) "**(Just Like) Romeo and Juliet**"
(1964) "Like Columbus Did"
(1964) | |


title: Saša Marković Mikrob

abstract: Saša Marković – Mikrob, also known as Mladoženja, Bambus and Ganeša was a Serbian artist, journalist, radio host, social worker, performer, and one of the major representatives of the Serbian alternative and contemporary art scene. He worked as a contributor for several newspapers and radio programs, and as a performer he played about fifty times in Serbia and abroad. As a specific character, Marković was an inspiration for a number of documentaries, and often appeared in music videos of Belgrade bands.

text:
# Saša Marković Mikrob

**Saša Marković – Mikrob** (Serbian Cyrillic: Саша Марковић – Микроб, pronounced \[saʃa markɔʋitɕ mikrɔb\]; 21 October 1959, Belgrade, SFRY – 15 July 2010, Belgrade, Serbia), also known as **Mladoženja**, **Bambus** and **Ganeša** was a Serbian artist, journalist, radio host, social worker, performer, and one of the major representatives of the Serbian alternative and contemporary art scene. He worked as a contributor for several newspapers and radio programs, and as a performer he played about fifty times in Serbia and abroad. As a specific character, Marković was an inspiration for a number of documentaries, and often appeared in music videos of Belgrade bands.

## Biography

Saša Marković was born in 1959. in Belgrade, where he studied Yugoslav literature and Serbo-Croatian language. From an early age he was engaged in different jobs – he was a graphic editor of the *Student* magazine, a guardian in the basement of the bank in the city center, chauffeur and courier at the embassy of one non-European country, political activist and founder of some opposition parties, attender of various courses, a manufacturer of toilet paper, book collector, journalist, radio host, editor of radio show *Lepi ritam srca*, a lecturer on the history of rock and roll, co-founder of the secret organization KPGS and co-founder *Remont*.

## Radio

From 1990, Marković worked on *Radio B92* on the show *Ritam srca* (*Rhythm of the heart*), and since the end of the 1990s hosted and edited *Lepi ritam srca* (*Beautiful rhythm of the heart*), which was always beginning with his distinctive greeting *Zdravo živo!* In the show, Marković was "in a fun and optimistic way commenting on the reality, recommending concerts, exhibitions and other events", and from his collection he was choosing "music that could not be heard in other places." After that, up to 2006. he was working with Mićun Ristić on *Radio SKC*, and led *Black Market* – a show about the music and concert events in Belgrade. The name of the show came from the record market that was simultaneously taking place in the street in front of the *Studentski kulturni centar*. The show also had a live edition in DKSG, and in some other venues in the city. The show was canceled after *Radio SKC* had not received permission to broadcast on the contest of the *Broadcasting Agency of the Republic of Serbia*.

## Music

Marković was a rock and roll expert, with a rich record collection, of which he obtained his first single record when he was nine.

In 1987 his friend Nebojša Kandić – Dudek introduced him to then unknown Rambo Amadeus with whom they formed a secret organization KPGS. The name was an acronym of *Kurac! Pička! Govno! Sisa!* (*Dick! Cunt! Shit! Tit!*) which was spontaneously formed in a telephone conversation between Marković and Dudek. Within the KPGS group Marković participated in the Rambo Amadeus' album *O tugo jesenja* in 1988. The official PGP-RTS release of this album features Rambo Amadeus dressed in toga from the time of Amadeus on the front cover, and him again dressed as Rambo and on the back cover. A limited, 90 copies edition, appeared in a special cover made by Marković. The front is decorated with photocopies of pages that contain various references to turbo-folk, with the name Rambo Amadeus written in font similar to *The Mouse Factory*, while the back side is made in the form of comic strip collage, of the images from the photobooth. In 1993 Rambo Amadeus released album *Kurac, Pička, Govno, Sisa* that includes the song *KPGS (Oda radosti)*.

1. An old Serbian greeting. In free translation *Hello and be well!*

## InfoBox

| Saša Marković Mikrob | |
| --- | --- |
| Saša Marković in a T-Shirt with the print of one of his drawings, and his name written in Cyrillic. | |
| Born | Saša Marković

**Nicknames:**
Mikrob
Mladoženja
Bambus
Ganeša
(1959-10-21)21 October 1959
Belgrade, SFRY |
| Died | 15 July 2010(2010-07-15) (aged 50)
Belgrade, Serbia |
| Nationality | Serbian |
| Known for | Painting, performance art, music |


title: Super Bit Mapping

abstract: Super Bit Mapping (SBM) is a noise shaping process, developed by Sony for CD mastering. Sony claims that the Super Bit Mapping process converts a 20-bit signal from master recording into a 16-bit signal nearly without sound quality loss, using noise shaping to improve signal-to-noise ratio over the frequency bands most acutely perceived by human hearing. Audible quantization error is reduced by noise shaping the error according to an equal-loudness contour. This processing takes place in dedicated hardware inside the recording device. A similar process is used in Sony's DSD to PCM conversion and is called SBM Direct.

text:
# Super Bit Mapping

**Super Bit Mapping** (**SBM**) is a noise shaping process, developed by Sony for CD mastering.

Sony claims that the Super Bit Mapping process converts a 20-bit signal from master recording into a 16-bit signal nearly without sound quality loss, using noise shaping to improve signal-to-noise ratio over the frequency bands most acutely perceived by human hearing.

Audible quantization error is reduced by noise shaping the error according to an equal-loudness contour.

This processing takes place in dedicated hardware inside the recording device. A similar process is used in Sony's DSD to PCM conversion and is called *SBM Direct*.


title: S. R. Mehrotra

abstract: Sri Ram Mehrotra was an Indian professor of history who published on the history of the Indian independence movement, the Indian National Congress, the life and work of its founder Allan Octavian Hume, and on the writings and philosophy of Gandhi. He also wrote a biography of Pranjivan Mehta, an important but little-known influence in the Indian independence movement who supported Gandhi. Mehrotra was known for his meticulous detail to sources and care in interpretations and published several annotated collections of sources and letters relating to Hume and towards the end of his life, Dadabhai Naoroji.

text:
# S. R. Mehrotra

**Sri Ram Mehrotra** (23 June 1931 – 17 July 2019) was an Indian professor of history who published on the history of the Indian independence movement, the Indian National Congress, the life and work of its founder Allan Octavian Hume, and on the writings and philosophy of Gandhi. He also wrote a biography of Pranjivan Mehta, an important but little-known influence in the Indian independence movement who supported Gandhi. Mehrotra was known for his meticulous detail to sources and care in interpretations and published several annotated collections of sources and letters relating to Hume and towards the end of his life, Dadabhai Naoroji.

## Life and career

Mehrotra was born in Anantram, Etawah. He went to a local government school (which had been founded by A. O. Hume, an abiding professional interest in later life) and later to the University of Allahabad, receiving an M.A. in history in 1950 after which he went to the University of London from where he received a Ph.D. in 1960. His Ph.D. dissertation was published as a book *India and the Commonwealth* (1965). He then worked as a lecturer at the University of London. He then moved to India and became a founding professor in the department of history at the Himachal Pradesh University in 1971. He was a visiting professor at the University of Wisconsin in 1974 and Visiting Fellow at St. John's College, Cambridge 1983-84. He was Jawaharlal Nehru Professor at Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak and a Fellow of the Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla. Mehrotra received an honorary D.Litt. from Himachal Pradesh University in 2014, receiving the award from the Dalai Lama, honoured guest at the convocation ceremony.

## Personal life

Mehrotra was married to historian Dr Eva Mehrotra from 24 July 1957 until her death. The couple had no children. On retirement he moved to Shimla where he lived at Seva, Kenfield Estate. He died at his home in Shimla following a fall and hip injury.

## Writings

Mehrotra's published works include:

* *Emergence of the Indian National Congress* (1971, republished in 2004)
* *The Commonwealth and the Nation* (1978)
* *Towards India’s Freedom and Partition* (1979)
* *A History of the Indian National Congress: Volume One, 1885-1918* (1995)
* *M. K. Gandhi's Hind Swaraj: A Critical Edition* (2010)
* *The Mahatma and the Doctor* (2014)
* (with Edward C. Moulton) *Selected Writings of Allan Octavian Hume. Volume I* (2004)

He also published numerous journal papers on the pre-Independence period that included such topics as the history of the British India Society, the Landholders' Society, the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, as well as reviews of historical works. The proposed second volume of his history of the Indian National Congress, taking the story to independence in 1947, was never completed.

## InfoBox

| Sri Ram Mehrotra | |
| --- | --- |
| S.R. Mehrotra at his home in Shimla in 2016 | |
| Born | (1931-06-23)June 23, 1931<br>Anantram, Etawah |
| Died | July 17, 2019(2019-07-17) (aged 88) |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Occupation | professor of history |


title: Sanriku

abstract: Sanriku (三陸), sometimes known as Rikushū (陸州), lies on the northeastern side of the island of Honshu, corresponding to today's Aomori, Iwate and parts of Miyagi Prefecture and has a long history. The 36 bays of this irregular coastline tend to amplify the destructiveness of tsunami waves which reach the shores of Sanriku, as demonstrated in the damage caused by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.

text:
# Sanriku

**Sanriku** (三陸), sometimes known as **Rikushū** (陸州), lies on the northeastern side of the island of Honshu, corresponding to today's Aomori, Iwate and parts of Miyagi Prefecture and has a long history.

The 36 bays of this irregular coastline tend to amplify the destructiveness of tsunami waves which reach the shores of Sanriku, as demonstrated in the damage caused by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.

## History

On January 19, 1869, in the aftermath of the Boshin War, the provinces of Mutsu and Dewa were divided. Mutsu was split into new five provinces: Rikuō (also read *Mutsu*), Rikuchū, Rikuzen, Iwashiro and Iwaki. The first three of these collectively known as the "Three Riku", or *Sanriku*, with san (三) meaning "three."

The new provinces became quickly obsolete in July 1871 when the abolition of the han system divided Japan into its present prefectures that became the sole divisions used by the government. However, the label lives on in common usages such as the Sanriku Coast, which extends along Japan's Pacific coastline from Aomori in the north down to the Oshika Peninsula in Miyagi.


title: Plica semilunaris of conjunctiva

abstract: The plica semilunaris is a small fold of bulbar conjunctiva on the medial canthus of the eye. It functions during movement of the eye, to help maintain tear drainage via the lacrimal lake, and to permit greater rotation of the globe, for without the plica the conjunctiva would attach directly to the eyeball, restricting movement. It is the vestigial remnant of the nictitating membrane which is drawn across the eye for protection, and is present in other animals such as birds, reptiles, and fish, but is rare in mammals, mainly found in monotremes and marsupials. Its associated muscles are also vestigial. It is loose, thus eye movements are not restricted by it. Only one species of primate, the Calabar angwantibo, is known to have a functioning nictitating membrane. With ocular allergies, the lacrimal caruncle and plica semilunaris may be inflamed and pruritic (itchy) due to histamine release in the tissue and tear film.

text:
# Plica semilunaris of conjunctiva

The **plica semilunaris** is a small fold of bulbar conjunctiva on the medial canthus of the eye. It functions during movement of the eye, to help maintain tear drainage via the lacrimal lake, and to permit greater rotation of the globe, for without the plica the conjunctiva would attach directly to the eyeball, restricting movement. It is the vestigial remnant of the nictitating membrane (the "third eyelid") which is drawn across the eye for protection, and is present in other animals such as birds, reptiles, and fish, but is rare in mammals, mainly found in monotremes and marsupials. Its associated muscles are also vestigial. It is loose, thus eye movements are not restricted by it. Only one species of primate, the Calabar angwantibo, is known to have a functioning nictitating membrane.

With ocular allergies, the lacrimal caruncle and plica semilunaris may be inflamed and pruritic (itchy) due to histamine release in the tissue and tear film.

## InfoBox

| Plica semilunaris of the conjunctiva | |
| --- | --- |
| Front of left eye with eyelids separated to show medial canthus. (Plica semilunaris labeled at center left.) | |
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | *plica semilunaris conjunctivae* |
| TA98 | A15.2.07.048 |
| TA2 | 6841 |
| FMA | 59045 |
| Anatomical terminology | |


title: Daniel H. Beekman

abstract: Daniel Henry Beekman was an American jurist, banker, and politician.

text:
# Daniel H. Beekman

**Daniel Henry Beekman** (May 29, 1874 – February 1, 1951) was an American jurist, banker, and politician.

## Early life and education

Beekman was born on May 29, 1874, in North Branch, New Jersey, the son of John Henry Beekman and Mary Elizabeth Lane Beekman. His parents owned and operated a large farm in Somerset County. His ancestors emigrated from the Netherlands in 1648, descended from Rev. Gerardus Beekman (1558-1625), a Protestant scholar who participated in the translation of the Bible to English for King James I. He was a distant relative of Wilhelmus Beekman, the treasurer of the Dutch West India Company and a prominent 17th-century politician. Beekman attended North Branch public schools and Metz Private School for Boys, then matriculated at New York Law School, graduating in 1896.

## Career

Beekman was admitted to the bar in 1898 and settled in Somerville, New Jersey. His first legal job was in the law office of former Congressman Alvah A. Clark. In 1901, Beekman partnered with retired Judge John D. Bartine to establish a law firm in Somerville. In 1913, then-Governor Woodrow Wilson appointed Beekman Judge of the Somerset County Court of Common Pleas. He was reappointed by Governor James Fielder, presiding over the Court until 1920.

Following his tenure as judge, Beekman returned to his law firm and concurrently served as an executive of the Second National Bank of Somerville. He helped lead the bank through the Great Depression, during which runs caused many institutions to fail. Beekman credited Franklin Roosevelt's swift action after taking office in 1933 with saving the banking system and ultimately stabilizing markets. In 1937, Beekman was elected president of Second National Bank, a position he held until his death.

Beekman's son joined his law firm in 1929, at which time the firm began operating under the name Beekman & Beekman. His practice covered a range of matters, with a particular focus on real estate.

Beekman was active in state Democratic politics. After serving as judge, he ran for state senate in multiple elections in the late 1920s and early 1930s. During World War II, Beekman served as chairman of the Selective Service Board. He sat on the Board of Managers of the New Jersey Reformatory for Women at Clinton.

## Personal life

Beekman married Emetta Hoffmann in 1899. They had two children: son John Henry Beekman, Jr., and daughter Mabel Elizabeth Beekman. John Beekman, Jr. served as Somerset County Prosecutor and president of the Somerset County Bar Association. Mabel Beekman graduated the Yale School of Nursing and served as a supervisor in the New Jersey Department of Health.

Beekman was a deacon and elder of the First Reformed Church of Somerville and a member of various clubs including Raritan Valley Country Club, the Bachelors Club, the Somerville Athletic Association, and Solomon's Lodge 46. He died at Bound Brook Hospital.


title: 2013 Kentucky 300

abstract: The 2013 Kentucky 300 was the 27th stock car race of the 2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series and the second iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, September 21, 2013, in Sparta, Kentucky, at Kentucky Speedway, a 1.5-mile (2.41 km) tri-oval speedway. The race took the scheduled 200 laps to complete. At race's end, Ryan Blaney, driving for Penske Racing, would be able to hold off the field on the final restart to win his first career NASCAR Nationwide Series win and his only win of the season. To fill out the podium, Austin Dillon and Matt Crafton, both driving for Richard Childress Racing, would finish second and third, respectively.

text:
# 2013 Kentucky 300

The **2013 Kentucky 300** was the 27th stock car race of the 2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series and the second iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, September 21, 2013, in Sparta, Kentucky, at Kentucky Speedway, a 1.5-mile (2.41 km) tri-oval speedway. The race took the scheduled 200 laps to complete. At race's end, Ryan Blaney, driving for Penske Racing, would be able to hold off the field on the final restart to win his first career NASCAR Nationwide Series win and his only win of the season. To fill out the podium, Austin Dillon and Matt Crafton, both driving for Richard Childress Racing, would finish second and third, respectively.

## Background

**Kentucky Speedway** is a 1.5-mile (2.4 km) tri-oval speedway in Sparta, Kentucky, which has hosted ARCA, NASCAR and Indy Racing League racing annually since it opened in 2000. The track is currently owned and operated by Speedway Motorsports, Inc. and Jerry Carroll, who, along with four other investors, owned Kentucky Speedway until 2008. The speedway has a grandstand capacity of 117,000. Construction of the speedway began in 1998 and was completed in mid-2000. The speedway has hosted the Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series, Xfinity Series, IndyCar Series, Indy Lights, and most recently, the NASCAR Cup Series beginning in 2011.

### Entry list

* **(R)** denotes rookie driver.
* **(i)** denotes driver who is ineligible for series driver points.

| # | Driver | Team | Make | Sponsor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 00 | Blake Koch | SR² Motorsports | Toyota | SupportMilitary.org, Kappa Sigma |
| 01 | Mike Wallace | JD Motorsports | Chevrolet | Disaster Services of Environmental Specialists |
| 2 | Brian Scott | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | Shore Lodge |
| 3 | Austin Dillon | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | AdvoCare |
| 4 | Landon Cassill | JD Motorsports | Chevrolet | JD Motorsports |
| 5 | Brad Sweet | JR Motorsports | Chevrolet | Great Clips |
| 6 | Trevor Bayne | Roush Fenway Racing | Ford | Ford EcoBoost |
| 7 | Regan Smith | JR Motorsports | Chevrolet | TaxSlayer |
| 10 | Jeff Green | TriStar Motorsports | Toyota | TriStar Motorsports |
| 11 | Elliott Sadler | Joe Gibbs Racing | Toyota | Sport Clips Haircuts |
| 12 | Sam Hornish Jr. | Penske Racing | Ford | Alliance Truck Parts |
| 14 | Eric McClure | TriStar Motorsports | Toyota | Hefty Ultimate with Arm & Hammer |
| 18 | Joey Coulter **(i)** | Joe Gibbs Racing | Toyota | Freightliner |
| 19 | Mike Bliss | TriStar Motorsports | Toyota | TriStar Motorsports |
| 20 | Brian Vickers | Joe Gibbs Racing | Toyota | Dollar General |
| 21 | Dakoda Armstrong **(i)** | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | WinField United |
| 22 | Ryan Blaney **(i)** | Penske Racing | Ford | Discount Tire |
| 23 | Harrison Rhodes | Rick Ware Racing | Ford | Precision Fabrication, Craven Sign Service |
| 24 | Ryan Ellis | SR² Motorsports | Toyota | SR² Motorsports |
| 30 | Nelson Piquet Jr. **(R)** | Turner Scott Motorsports | Chevrolet | Worx Yard Tools |
| 31 | Justin Allgaier | Turner Scott Motorsports | Chevrolet | Brandt Professional Agriculture |
| 32 | Kyle Larson **(R)** | Turner Scott Motorsports | Chevrolet | Clear Men Scalp Therapy |
| 33 | Matt Crafton **(i)** | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | Menards, Rheem |
| 34 | Jeb Burton **(i)** | Turner Scott Motorsports | Chevrolet | Arrowhead Brass |
| 40 | Reed Sorenson | The Motorsports Group | Chevrolet | The Motorsports Group |
| 42 | T. J. Bell | The Motorsports Group | Chevrolet | The Motorsports Group |
| 43 | Michael Annett | Richard Petty Motorsports | Ford | Pilot Flying J |
| 44 | Cole Whitt | TriStar Motorsports | Toyota | TriStar Motorsports |
| 46 | Matt DiBenedetto | The Motorsports Group | Chevrolet | The Motorsports Group |
| 50 | Danny Efland | MAKE Motorsports | Chevrolet | Defiant Whiskey |
| 51 | Jeremy Clements | Jeremy Clements Racing | Chevrolet | Value Lighting, All South Electric |
| 52 | Joey Gase | Jimmy Means Racing | Toyota | Donate Life |
| 54 | Drew Herring | Joe Gibbs Racing | Toyota | Monster Energy |
| 55 | Jamie Dick | Viva Motorsports | Chevrolet | Viva Motorsports |
| 60 | Travis Pastrana | Roush Fenway Racing | Ford | Roush Fenway Racing |
| 70 | Johanna Long | ML Motorsports | Chevrolet | ForeTravel Motorcoach |
| 74 | Carl Long | Mike Harmon Racing | Dodge | Mike Harmon Racing |
| 77 | Parker Kligerman | Kyle Busch Motorsports | Toyota | Toyota, Camp Horsin' Around |
| 79 | Jeffrey Earnhardt **(R)** | Go Green Racing | Ford | Keen Parts |
| 87 | Joe Nemechek | NEMCO Motorsports | Toyota | Lester Buildings |
| 99 | Alex Bowman **(R)** | RAB Racing | Toyota | ToyotaCare |
| Official entry list | | | | |

## Practice

Originally, two practice sessions were scheduled to be held on Friday, September 20, but the final session would get canceled due to rain.

The only one-hour and 30-minute practice session was held on Friday, September 20, at 3:30 PM EST. Matt Crafton of Richard Childress Racing would set the fastest time in the session, with a lap of 31.081 and an average speed of 173.740 miles per hour (279.607 km/h).

| Pos. | # | Driver | Team | Make | Time | Speed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 33 | Matt Crafton **(i)** | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 31.081 | 173.740 |
| 2 | 3 | Austin Dillon | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 31.140 | 173.410 |
| 3 | 2 | Brian Scott | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 31.200 | 173.077 |
| Full practice results | | | | | | |

## Qualifying

Qualifying was held on Saturday, September 21, at 4:35 PM EST. Each driver would have two laps to set a fastest time; the fastest of the two would count as their official qualifying lap.

Sam Hornish Jr. of Penske Racing would win the pole, setting a time of 30.128 and an average speed of 179.235 miles per hour (288.451 km/h).

Danny Efland would be the only driver to fail to qualify.

### Full qualifying results

| Pos. | # | Driver | Team | Make | Time | Speed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 12 | Sam Hornish Jr. | Penske Racing | Ford | **30.128** | **179.235** |
| 2 | 22 | Ryan Blaney **(i)** | Penske Racing | Ford | 30.310 | 178.159 |
| 3 | 3 | Austin Dillon | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 30.330 | 178.042 |
| 4 | 2 | Brian Scott | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 30.388 | 177.702 |
| 5 | 33 | Matt Crafton **(i)** | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 30.447 | 177.357 |
| 6 | 18 | Joey Coulter **(i)** | Joe Gibbs Racing | Toyota | 30.595 | 176.499 |
| 7 | 54 | Drew Herring | Joe Gibbs Racing | Toyota | 30.598 | 176.482 |
| 8 | 60 | Travis Pastrana | Roush Fenway Racing | Ford | 30.612 | 176.401 |
| 9 | 31 | Justin Allgaier | Turner Scott Motorsports | Chevrolet | 30.616 | 176.378 |
| 10 | 20 | Brian Vickers | Joe Gibbs Racing | Toyota | 30.623 | 176.338 |
| 11 | 77 | Parker Kligerman | Kyle Busch Motorsports | Toyota | 30.637 | 176.257 |
| 12 | 11 | Elliott Sadler | Joe Gibbs Racing | Toyota | 30.677 | 176.028 |
| 13 | 34 | Jeb Burton **(i)** | Turner Scott Motorsports | Chevrolet | 30.718 | 175.793 |
| 14 | 7 | Regan Smith | JR Motorsports | Chevrolet | 30.741 | 175.661 |
| 15 | 43 | Michael Annett | Richard Petty Motorsports | Ford | 30.762 | 175.541 |
| 16 | 30 | Nelson Piquet Jr. **(R)** | Turner Scott Motorsports | Chevrolet | 30.765 | 175.524 |
| 17 | 5 | Brad Sweet | JR Motorsports | Chevrolet | 30.791 | 175.376 |
| 18 | 44 | Cole Whitt | TriStar Motorsports | Toyota | 30.805 | 175.296 |
| 19 | 32 | Kyle Larson **(R)** | Turner Scott Motorsports | Chevrolet | 30.814 | 175.245 |
| 20 | 99 | Alex Bowman **(R)** | RAB Racing | Toyota | 30.850 | 175.041 |
| 21 | 21 | Dakoda Armstrong **(i)** | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 30.915 | 174.672 |
| 22 | 6 | Trevor Bayne | Roush Fenway Racing | Ford | 31.014 | 174.115 |
| 23 | 19 | Mike Bliss | TriStar Motorsports | Toyota | 31.142 | 173.399 |
| 24 | 51 | Jeremy Clements | Jeremy Clements Racing | Chevrolet | 31.278 | 172.645 |
| 25 | 14 | Eric McClure | TriStar Motorsports | Toyota | 31.326 | 172.381 |
| 26 | 79 | Jeffrey Earnhardt **(R)** | Go Green Racing | Ford | 31.504 | 171.407 |
| 27 | 10 | Jeff Green | TriStar Motorsports | Toyota | 31.519 | 171.325 |
| 28 | 4 | Kevin Lepage | JD Motorsports | Chevrolet | 31.599 | 170.891 |
| 29 | 40 | Reed Sorenson | The Motorsports Group | Chevrolet | 31.611 | 170.827 |
| 30 | 74 | Carl Long | Mike Harmon Racing | Dodge | 31.717 | 170.256 |
| 31 | 01 | Mike Wallace | JD Motorsports | Chevrolet | 31.765 | 169.998 |
| 32 | 55 | Jamie Dick | Viva Motorsports | Chevrolet | 31.835 | 169.625 |
| 33 | 00 | Blake Koch | SR² Motorsports | Toyota | 31.845 | 169.571 |
| 34 | 87 | Joe Nemechek | NEMCO Motorsports | Toyota | 31.887 | 169.348 |
| 35 | 52 | Joey Gase | Jimmy Means Racing | Chevrolet | 31.909 | 169.231 |
| 36 | 70 | Johanna Long | ML Motorsports | Chevrolet | 31.925 | 169.146 |
| 37 | 42 | T. J. Bell | The Motorsports Group | Chevrolet | 32.085 | 168.303 |
| 38 | 24 | Ryan Ellis | SR² Motorsports | Toyota | 32.637 | 165.456 |
| Qualified by owner's points | | | | | | |
| 39 | 23 | Harrison Rhodes | Rick Ware Racing | Ford | 32.927 | 163.999 |
| Last car to qualify on time | | | | | | |
| 40 | 46 | Matt DiBenedetto | The Motorsports Group | Chevrolet | 32.139 | 168.020 |
| Failed to qualify | | | | | | |
| 41 | 50 | Danny Efland | MAKE Motorsports | Chevrolet | 32.738 | 164.946 |
| Official starting lineup | | | | | | |

## Race results

| Fin | St | # | Driver | Team | Make | Laps | Led | Status | Pts | Winnings |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2 | 22 | Ryan Blaney **(i)** | Penske Racing | Ford | 200 | 96 | running | 0 | $80,800 |
| 2 | 3 | 3 | Austin Dillon | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 200 | 32 | running | 43 | $57,475 |
| 3 | 5 | 33 | Matt Crafton **(i)** | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 200 | 0 | running | 0 | $38,995 |
| 4 | 1 | 12 | Sam Hornish Jr. | Penske Racing | Ford | 200 | 65 | running | 41 | $31,290 |
| 5 | 20 | 99 | Alex Bowman **(R)** | RAB Racing | Toyota | 200 | 0 | running | 39 | $27,590 |
| 6 | 7 | 54 | Drew Herring | Joe Gibbs Racing | Toyota | 200 | 0 | running | 38 | $24,915 |
| 7 | 10 | 20 | Brian Vickers | Joe Gibbs Racing | Toyota | 200 | 0 | running | 37 | $23,265 |
| 8 | 13 | 34 | Jeb Burton **(i)** | Turner Scott Motorsports | Chevrolet | 200 | 0 | running | 0 | $15,265 |
| 9 | 18 | 44 | Cole Whitt | TriStar Motorsports | Toyota | 200 | 0 | running | 35 | $21,040 |
| 10 | 15 | 43 | Michael Annett | Richard Petty Motorsports | Ford | 200 | 0 | running | 34 | $21,790 |
| 11 | 4 | 2 | Brian Scott | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 200 | 1 | running | 34 | $22,170 |
| 12 | 14 | 7 | Regan Smith | JR Motorsports | Chevrolet | 200 | 0 | running | 32 | $19,745 |
| 13 | 21 | 21 | Dakoda Armstrong **(i)** | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 200 | 0 | running | 0 | $13,295 |
| 14 | 12 | 11 | Elliott Sadler | Joe Gibbs Racing | Toyota | 200 | 4 | running | 31 | $19,840 |
| 15 | 22 | 6 | Trevor Bayne | Roush Fenway Racing | Ford | 200 | 0 | running | 29 | $19,830 |
| 16 | 36 | 70 | Johanna Long | ML Motorsports | Chevrolet | 200 | 0 | running | 28 | $18,520 |
| 17 | 9 | 31 | Justin Allgaier | Turner Scott Motorsports | Chevrolet | 200 | 0 | running | 27 | $18,415 |
| 18 | 6 | 18 | Joey Coulter **(i)** | Joe Gibbs Racing | Toyota | 200 | 0 | running | 0 | $18,285 |
| 19 | 28 | 4 | Kevin Lepage | JD Motorsports | Chevrolet | 199 | 0 | running | 25 | $18,172 |
| 20 | 24 | 51 | Jeremy Clements | Jeremy Clements Racing | Chevrolet | 198 | 2 | running | 25 | $18,725 |
| 21 | 29 | 40 | Reed Sorenson | The Motorsports Group | Chevrolet | 198 | 0 | running | 23 | $17,945 |
| 22 | 31 | 01 | Mike Wallace | JD Motorsports | Chevrolet | 198 | 0 | running | 22 | $17,840 |
| 23 | 34 | 87 | Joe Nemechek | NEMCO Motorsports | Toyota | 197 | 0 | running | 21 | $17,715 |
| 24 | 25 | 14 | Eric McClure | TriStar Motorsports | Toyota | 197 | 0 | running | 20 | $17,585 |
| 25 | 26 | 79 | Jeffrey Earnhardt **(R)** | Go Green Racing | Ford | 197 | 0 | running | 19 | $17,955 |
| 26 | 23 | 19 | Mike Bliss | TriStar Motorsports | Toyota | 196 | 0 | running | 18 | $17,375 |
| 27 | 16 | 30 | Nelson Piquet Jr. **(R)** | Turner Scott Motorsports | Chevrolet | 194 | 0 | running | 17 | $17,270 |
| 28 | 32 | 55 | Jamie Dick | Viva Motorsports | Chevrolet | 194 | 0 | running | 16 | $11,165 |
| 29 | 11 | 77 | Parker Kligerman | Kyle Busch Motorsports | Toyota | 187 | 0 | crash | 15 | $17,040 |
| 30 | 17 | 5 | Brad Sweet | JR Motorsports | Chevrolet | 161 | 0 | crash | 14 | $17,235 |
| 31 | 35 | 52 | Joey Gase | Jimmy Means Racing | Chevrolet | 113 | 0 | suspension | 13 | $10,830 |
| 32 | 39 | 23 | Harrison Rhodes | Rick Ware Racing | Ford | 100 | 0 | engine | 12 | $16,725 |
| 33 | 19 | 32 | Kyle Larson **(R)** | Turner Scott Motorsports | Chevrolet | 98 | 0 | brakes | 11 | $10,635 |
| 34 | 8 | 60 | Travis Pastrana | Roush Fenway Racing | Ford | 59 | 0 | crash | 10 | $16,545 |
| 35 | 38 | 24 | Ryan Ellis | SR² Motorsports | Toyota | 31 | 0 | vibration | 9 | $16,450 |
| 36 | 40 | 46 | Matt DiBenedetto | The Motorsports Group | Chevrolet | 8 | 0 | overheating | 8 | $9,895 |
| 37 | 30 | 74 | Carl Long | Mike Harmon Racing | Dodge | 8 | 0 | suspension | 7 | $9,865 |
| 38 | 37 | 42 | T. J. Bell | The Motorsports Group | Chevrolet | 6 | 0 | transmission | 6 | $9,836 |
| 39 | 33 | 00 | Blake Koch | SR² Motorsports | Toyota | 4 | 0 | rear gear | 5 | $9,705 |
| 40 | 27 | 10 | Jeff Green | TriStar Motorsports | Toyota | 3 | 0 | vibration | 4 | $9,610 |
| Failed to qualify | | | | | | | | | | |
| 41 |  | 50 | Danny Efland | MAKE Motorsports | Chevrolet |  | | | | |
| Official race results | | | | | | | | | | |

## Standings after the race

## InfoBox

2013 Kentucky 300
| Race details | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Race 27 of 33 of the 2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series | | | |
| Date | September 21, 2013 | | |
| Official name | 2nd Annual Kentucky 300 | | |
| Location | Sparta, Kentucky, Kentucky Speedway | | |
| Course | Permanent racing facility<br>1.5 mi (2.41 km) | | |
| Distance | 200 laps, 300 mi (482.803 km) | | |
| Scheduled Distance | 200 laps, 300 mi (482.803 km) | | |
| Average speed | 121.131 miles per hour (194.941 km/h) | | |
| Pole position | | | |
| Driver |  | Penske Racing |
| Time | 30.128 | | |
| Most laps led | | | |
| Driver | Ryan Blaney | Penske Racing |
| Laps | 95 | | |
| Winner | | | |
| No. 22 | Ryan Blaney | Penske Racing |
| Television in the United States | | | |
| Network | ESPNEWS | | |
| Announcers | Marty Reid, Ricky Craven | | |
| Radio in the United States | | | |
| Radio | Performance Racing Network | | |


title: Carlo Borea

abstract: Carlo Borea is an Italian retired professional tennis player who won two medals at the 1975 Mediterranean Games.

text:
# Carlo Borea

**Carlo Borea** (born 24 March 1954) is an Italian retired professional tennis player who won two medals at the 1975 Mediterranean Games.

## InfoBox

Carlo Borea
| Country (sports) | Italy |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1954-03-24) 24 March 1954 |
| Singles | |
| Career record | 0–2 |
| Career titles | 0 |
| Grand Slam singles results | |
| Australian Open |  |
| French Open | Q4 (1975) |
| Wimbledon |  |
| US Open |  |
| Doubles | |
| Career record | 1–2 |
| Career titles | 0 |
| Grand Slam doubles results | |
| Australian Open |  |
| French Open |  |
| Wimbledon |  |
| US Open |  |
| Medal record      Mediterranean Games  1975 Algiers  Doubles  1975 Algiers  Singles | |
| Last updated on: 16 August 2016. | |


title: Łaziska-Kolonia

abstract: Łaziska-Kolonia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łaziska, within Opole Lubelskie County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south of Łaziska, 7 km (4 mi) south-west of Opole Lubelskie, and 50 km (31 mi) west of the regional capital Lublin.

text:
# Łaziska-Kolonia

**Łaziska-Kolonia** \[waˈʑiska kɔˈlɔɲa\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łaziska, within Opole Lubelskie County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south of Łaziska, 7 km (4 mi) south-west of Opole Lubelskie, and 50 km (31 mi) west of the regional capital Lublin.

## InfoBox

| Łaziska-Kolonia | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Łaziska-Kolonia | |
| Coordinates: 51°7′21″N 21°53′12″E / 51.12250°N 21.88667°E / 51.12250; 21.88667 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Opole Lubelskie |
| Gmina | Łaziska |
| Population | 200 |


title: Calosima fallaciae

abstract: Calosima fallaciae is a moth in the family Blastobasidae which is endemic to Costa Rica.

text:
# Calosima fallaciae

***Calosima fallaciae*** is a moth in the family Blastobasidae which is endemic to Costa Rica.

## InfoBox

| *Calosima fallaciae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Blastobasidae |
| Genus: | *Calosima* |
| Species: | ***C. fallaciae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Calosima fallaciae***<br>Adamski, 2002 | |
|


title: U.D. Vilafranquense

abstract: União Desportiva Vilafranquense is a Portuguese football club from Vila Franca de Xira, Lisbon District. The team currently compete in the 3rd division of Lisbon Football Association, equivalent to the 7th Portuguese division. The team competed in Liga Portugal 2, the second tier of the Portuguese football league system, until 2023–24 but after suffered a split between U.D. Vilafranquense (club) and Vilafranquense SAD, the SAD relocated to Vila das Aves after the 2022-23 Liga Portugal 2, rebranding itself as AVS Futebol SAD and adopting the defunct Desportivo das Aves's facilities and colours. The other only time when the club had played in the second tier was in 1987–88 season, when that level was still regionalised.

text:
# U.D. Vilafranquense

**União Desportiva Vilafranquense** is a Portuguese football club from Vila Franca de Xira, Lisbon District.

The team currently compete in the 3rd division of Lisbon Football Association, equivalent to the 7th Portuguese division. The team competed in Liga Portugal 2, the second tier of the Portuguese football league system, until 2023–24 but after suffered a split between U.D. Vilafranquense (club) and Vilafranquense SAD, the SAD relocated to Vila das Aves after the 2022-23 Liga Portugal 2, rebranding itself as AVS Futebol SAD and adopting the defunct Desportivo das Aves's facilities and colours.

The other only time when the club had played in the second tier was in 1987–88 season, when that level was still regionalised.

## History

The club was created on April 12, 1957, with the merger between four local sports clubs: **Grupo de Foot-Ball Operário Vilafranquense**, **Águia Sport Club Vilafranquense**, **Hóquei Clube Vilafranquense** and **Ginásio Vilafranquense**.

In the 2016–17 Taça de Portugal, Vilafranquense defeated G.S. Loures, Vilaverdense F.C. and G.D. Vitória de Sernache to reach a fourth-round tie at home to F.C. Paços de Ferreira of the Primeira Liga. They beat the top-flight team 1–0 on 20 November, with a goal by Marocas. In the next round (last 16), they lost by the same score at Vitória S.C., also of the Primeira.

In the 2018–19 Campeonato de Portugal, Vilafranquense came second in Serie C behind U.D. Leiria. In the play-offs, they dispatched Lusitânia F.C. and then Leiria on penalties to win promotion. This was the club's first time in a national second division. On 23 June in the final at the Estádio Nacional against Casa Pia A.C., the club drew 2–2 then lost 4–2 on penalties.

Due to the inadequate facilities of their Campo do Cevadeiro, Vilafranquense had to play their LigaPro home games 50 kilometres away at the Estádio Municipal in Rio Maior.

At end of 2022–23 season, UD Vilafranquense (club) and Vilafranquense SAD went their separate ways, the SAD relocate to Aves and became a new club, AVS Futebol SAD from 2023 to 2024, maintaining their place in the Liga Portugal 2, while UD Vilafranquense (club) restarted in the 3rd division of Lisbon Football Association, equivalent to the 7th Portuguese division, similar to what happened to C.F. Os Belenenses years before.

## InfoBox

U.D. Vilafranquense
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| --- | --- |
| Full name | União Desportiva Vilafranquense |
| Nickname(s) | *Piranhas do Tejo* (Tagus Piranhas) |
| Founded | 12 April 1957 (12 April 1957) |
| Ground | Campo do Cevadeiro |
| Capacity | 2,500 |
| Chairman | Elias Barquete Albarrello |
| 2022–23 | Liga Portugal 2, 7th of 18 |
| Website | Club website |
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title: Criminal Investigation Department

abstract: investigation divisions The Criminal Investigation Department (CID) is the branch of a police force to which most plainclothes detectives belong in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth nations. A force's CID is distinct from its Special Branch. The name derives from the CID of the Metropolitan Police, formed on 8 April 1878 by C. E. Howard Vincent as a re-formation of its Detective Branch. British colonial police forces all over the world adopted the terminology developed in the UK in the 19th and early 20th centuries, and later the police forces of those countries often retained it after independence. English-language media often use "CID" as a translation to refer to comparable organisations in other countries.

text:
# Criminal Investigation Department

The **Criminal Investigation Department** (**CID**) is the branch of a police force to which most plainclothes detectives belong in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth nations. A force's CID is distinct from its Special Branch (though officers of both are entitled to the rank prefix "Detective"). The name derives from the CID of the Metropolitan Police, formed on 8 April 1878 by C. E. Howard Vincent as a re-formation of its Detective Branch. British colonial police forces all over the world adopted the terminology developed in the UK in the 19th and early 20th centuries, and later the police forces of those countries often retained it after independence. English-language media often use "CID" as a translation to refer to comparable organisations in other countries.

## By country

### Afghanistan

The *Criminal Investigation Department* is under the Afghan National Police.

### Bangladesh

### France

The Direction Centrale de la Police Judiciaire (DCPJ) is the national authority of the criminal division of the French National Police. Its function is to lead and co-ordinate the action of the law enforcement forces against crime.

### Germany, Austria and Switzerland

*Kriminalpolizei* is the standard term for the criminal investigation agency within the police forces of Germany, Austria, and the German-speaking cantons of Switzerland.

### Hong Kong

The Hong Kong Police Force's CID is a sub-branch unit within the Criminal Intelligence Bureau under the crime wing of the *B* department (crime and security).

### India

Many state police forces in India possess a CID (sometimes known as the *investigation branch*) as a specialised wing. Personnel attached to this wing work in plain clothes, or *mufti*. A CID may contain sub-branches, for instance the CID in Uttar Pradesh includes the state crime investigation bureau, finger print bureau and scientific section.

Like their counterparts in the law and order police (*local police*), the crime branch has its own ranks up to the level of additional director general of police or special commissioner of police. The crime branch has senior officers like superintendents, inspectors and sub-inspectors. Officers and men attached to this wing generally add the prefix *detective* before their regular police rank.

While the name "CID" is used in several states, some states use different names for their CID units. In Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Gujarat, the CID is known as the Crime Investigation Department. In Assam, Bihar, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajastan, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Jammu and Kashmir, it is known as the Criminal Investigation Department. In Delhi and Kerala, the CID is referred to as the Crime Branch, and in Tamil Nadu, it is known as the Crime Branch - Criminal Investigation Department (CB-CID).

The crime branch's tasks are to investigate criminal cases, which span across multiple districts or states. The CID may also take up complicated cases like communal riot cases, circulation of counterfeit currency or very complicated murder cases. A crime branch investigation is ordered either by a judicial court, by the director-general of police, or the government.

Crime branch officers can be transferred to the law and order police, and vice versa. The crime branch is different from the crime detachment or crime squad. Crime Detachment and Crime Squads are a group of regular law and order policemen (who generally wear the uniform specifically detailed by the police inspector to work in plain clothes to keep a tab on local criminal elements, prostitutes, petty thieves, and other habitual offenders.

### Indonesia

The criminal investigation units within the Indonesian National Police are called *sat-reskrim* (*satuan reserse kriminal*) meaning "criminal investigation unit", it is under the *bareskrim* (*badan reserse kriminal*) "criminal investigation agency" which is under the command of the national police headquarters. Every regional police force in Indonesia has this unit; they are concerned with conducting criminal investigations and identification activities.

### Ireland

The Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) maintained a CID along British lines before the independence of most of Ireland in December 1922. After the Partition of Ireland and the establishment of the Irish Free State in the early 1920s, the Government of the Irish Free State set up a CID for the purposes of counter-insurgency during the 1922-1923 Irish Civil War. It was separate from the unarmed Civic Guard, which later became the Garda Síochána. The Garda today operates local detective squads and several specialised, national detective units, including the National Bureau of Criminal Investigation.

In Northern Ireland, a region that came into existence in 1921 and which has remained within the United Kingdom, a new police force was formed in June 1922 called the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). This force had its own CID from the start. In November 2001, the RUC was replaced by the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI).

### Japan

Criminal investigation departments or bureaus are set up within each Prefectural police headquarters. They maintain two investigation divisions (捜査課, *sousa-ka*) (third or even fourth divisions are established in some urban prefecture), a organised crime investigation division (組織犯罪対策課, *soshikihanzai-taisaku-ka*) (reinforced as an independent department or headquarters in the TMPD and some prefecture), a mobile investigation unit, and a identification division (鑑識課, *kanshiki-ka*). The mobile investigation units (機動捜査隊, *kidō sousa-tai*) are first responders for initial criminal investigations, distributed among the region with unmarked cars. The special investigation teams (特殊事件捜査係, *tokushu-jiken sousa-kakari*) are specialised detective units of the first investigation divisions, well acquainted with new technologies and special tactics including SWAT capabilities.

### Kenya

### Malaysia

The CID of the Royal Malaysian Police is involved with the investigation, arrest, and prosecution of crimes that affect people (e.g. murder, robbery with firearms, rape and injury) and property crime (e.g. theft and house-breaking). Modeled on the British police, this department enforces laws regarding gambling, "sin" and the Triad in Malaysia.

### Pakistan

The CID in Pakistan is a special unit of the provincial and metropolitan police departments, responsible for carrying out investigations into crimes, including terrorism, murders, organised crime and sectarianism. The special branch of the CID in the Asia Division (CIDA) was a division of this department but is currently not operational. It had only 12 members, the names of which are not available because of security issues.

### Singapore

The Singapore Police Force's CID is the agency for premier investigation and staff authority for criminal investigation matters within the Singapore Police Force.

### Sri Lanka

The CID of the Sri Lanka Police Service is responsible for carrying out investigations into crimes including murder and organised crime. It was established in 1870.

### United Kingdom

Detectives are usually either assigned to a CID unit within a local policing command, or to a central specialised unit dealing with a specific type of crime, such as fraud or sexual offences. Most local police stations have more uniformed officers than CID officers; a smaller station might have five DCs with a Detective Sergeant (DS) in command, while a larger station would have more CID officers under a detective of higher rank. A particular case would be assigned to a Senior Investigating Officer (SIO) whose rank would depend on the seriousness of the crime and their force's policy.

Detectives in the United Kingdom do not have a separate rank system and are not senior to uniformed officers who hold the same rank, however, a senior detective does outrank a uniformed officer of a lower rank. for example a Detective Inspector outranks a uniformed Sergeant. Before 1999, female detectives' ranks were prefixed with "Woman", as in other branches of the police. The head of the CID in most police forces is a Detective Chief Superintendent. Ranks are abbreviated as follows:

To join a CID in the United Kingdom, a police officer usually must have served in uniform for at least two years. From 2017 direct entry to the detective branch became possible. While training as a detective they are referred to as a *Trainee Detective Constable* (TDC) and after completing the national Initial Crime Investigators' Development Programme, typically taking around two years, they become full Detective Constables (DCs).

There is generally no pay increment on obtaining detective status in most forces. Previously paid allowances such as the detective duty allowance (a small payment intended to allow officers to purchase refreshments and other similar petty cash purposes) and the plainclothes allowance (an allowance used to purchase suitable clothing) have all been withdrawn over the past few years.

#### Military investigations

The Royal Military Police (RMP), Royal Navy Police (RNP), and RAF Police all maintained a Special Investigation Branch (SIB), fulfilling much the same role as a civilian CID. These Units have all been merged into a tri-service unit called the Defence Serious Crime Unit (DSCU). The Ministry of Defence Police is a civilian force that provides policing services on military bases, and as such has a CID much like a territorial police force. The RMP SIB has regular sections and one Army Reserve section. To join the reserve section, a reservist must either have a regular army SIB or civilian CID background.