title: Delaware Air National Guard

abstract: The Delaware Air National Guard is the aerial militia of the State of Delaware, United States of America. It is, along with the Delaware Army National Guard, an element of the Delaware National Guard as well as a reserve of the United States Air Force. As state militia units, the units in the Delaware Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Delaware through the office of the Delaware Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Delaware Air National Guard is headquartered at New Castle Air National Guard Base, and its commander was Brigadier General Carol A. Timmons. The Delaware Air National Guard is an Air Reserve Component of the United States Air Force. Delaware ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are operationally gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. In addition, the Delaware Air National Guard forces are assigned to Air Expeditionary Forces and are subject to deployment tasking orders along with their active duty and Air Force Reserve counterparts in their assigned cycle deployment window. Along with their federal obligations, as state militia units, the Delaware ANG is subject to activation by order of the Governor to provide protection of life and property, and preserve peace, order and public safety. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of vital public services, and support to civil defense. The Delaware Air National Guard consists of the 166th Airlift Wing. It traces its history to the establishment of the 142d Fighter Squadron on 1 July 1946. It operates the Lockheed C-130H Hercules. It is stationed at New Castle Air National Guard Base, and when mobilized is commanded by Air Mobility Command.

text:
# Delaware Air National Guard

The **Delaware Air National Guard (DE ANG)** is the aerial militia of the State of Delaware, United States of America. It is, along with the Delaware Army National Guard, an element of the Delaware National Guard as well as a reserve of the United States Air Force.

As state militia units, the units in the Delaware Air National Guard are not in the normal United States Air Force chain of command. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Delaware through the office of the Delaware Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States. The Delaware Air National Guard is headquartered at New Castle Air National Guard Base, and its commander was Brigadier General Carol A. Timmons.

The Delaware Air National Guard is an Air Reserve Component of the United States Air Force. Delaware ANG units are trained and equipped by the Air Force and are operationally gained by a Major Command of the USAF if federalized. In addition, the Delaware Air National Guard forces are assigned to Air Expeditionary Forces and are subject to deployment tasking orders along with their active duty and Air Force Reserve counterparts in their assigned cycle deployment window.

Along with their federal obligations, as state militia units, the Delaware ANG is subject to activation by order of the Governor to provide protection of life and property, and preserve peace, order and public safety. State missions include disaster relief in times of earthquakes, hurricanes, floods and forest fires, search and rescue, protection of vital public services, and support to civil defense.

The Delaware Air National Guard consists of the 166th Airlift Wing. It traces its history to the establishment of the 142d Fighter Squadron on 1 July 1946. It operates the Lockheed C-130H Hercules. It is stationed at New Castle Air National Guard Base, and when mobilized is commanded by Air Mobility Command.

## History

On 6 Sept 1946 the 142d Fighter Squadron, Delaware Air National Guard stood up with an authorized strength of 49 officers and 263 enlisted men. The actual strength on founding day was 15 officers, one warrant officer and 36 enlisted men.

### Korea

During the Korean War, the entire Delaware Air National Guard was ordered to active duty, and though the 142nd Fighter Squadron remained at New Castle County Airport, its pilots were all rotated to the Far East and most saw combat against Russian-built jets in what came to be known as MiG Alley over Korea.

### Vietnam

In the Vietnam War, the Delaware Air National Guard began a regular schedule of cargo flights to Vietnam in late 1965 and operated several each month, in addition to its regular flights to Europe and the Caribbean. The Air Guard carried 60% of the cargo it would be expected to carry if it were an active unit in Federal service.

Brig. Gen. William "Bill" Spruance (1916–2011), a founding member of the Delaware Air Guard, received the first Air Force Distinguished Service Medal given to a reserve officer for his work Vietnam. In 1961, after a near fatal plane crash as passenger in a T-33, Brig. Gen. Spruance selflessly devoted his time, knowledge and experience in an effort to improve flying and crash survival techniques. In 1968 during one of his three trips to Vietnam he gave over 100 presentations to over 10,000 people, at 58 bases, in 60 days.

### Persian Gulf

During the 1991 Gulf War, the Headquarters 166th Tactical Airlift Group, 166th Consolidated Aircraft Maintenance Squadron, and the 142nd Tactical Airlift Squadron were activated in January 1991 involving over 275 Air Guard members. Shortly thereafter, members of the 166th Tactical Clinic were also called upon, bringing the total Air Guard involvement to over 350. All eight C-130 Hercules aircraft were deployed with the Air Guard to the Persian Gulf. The Air Guard merged with the 1670th Tactical Airlift Group (Provisional) at Prince Sultan Air Base (Al Kharj), part of the largest composite U.S. Air Force wing in the entire Persian Gulf area. The unit flew missions carrying personnel and fuel bladders critical to destroying the Iraqi Republican Guard. They were also one of the first crews that flew into Kuwait International Airport to begin rebuilding. In May, they moved a significant portion of the Shiite Muslim refugees to a camp in Saudi Arabia السعودية. In January and February personnel from the 166th Civil Engineering Squadron were also tasked with the 100% enlargement of the mortuary facility at Dover Air Force Base.

Brig. Gen. (then Lieutenant Colonel) Ernest Talbert served in combat zones in Southwest Asia as a C-130 pilot in support of Operation Desert Storm. On 11 Nov 2005 he became the first African-American general in the history of the Delaware National Guard. Upon his retirement as Chief of Staff, Headquarters, Delaware Air National Guard on 11 Jan 2009, Brig. Gen. Talbert received the honorary rank of major general. Maj. Gen. Hugh T. Broomall, Special Assistant to the Director, Air National Guard, spoke of General Talbert's military career of 36 years, 30 of which were in the Delaware Guard:

> Ernie Talbert's career is the clearest proof we have in the Delaware National Guard that outstanding performance merits ever higher positions of leadership. Delaware and the nation should be proud of General Talbert's career contributions, including his mentoring of dozens of Airmen, his wartime combat service and leadership, and his steadfast devotion to those who serve in the Delaware National Guard and wear the uniform of the U.S. Military. General Talbert has upheld his oath to support and defend the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the State of Delaware against all enemies, foreign and domestic.

The Delaware Air National Guard units returned on 31 May 1991.

### Afghanistan

The Delaware Air National Guard was called upon again during the Afghanistan War. Its units have deployed to the Afghan region several times since 2001. In November 2004 Lieut. Col. (then Major) Patrick Houtman received the Distinguished Flying Cross for taking evasive action at low altitude after a surface-to-air missile (SAM) was launched against his C-130 aircraft. Lieut. Col. Houtman was the first Delaware Air National Guard member to receive this decoration. Lieut. Col. Gregory Carr and Master Sgt. Thomas Michaels of the 142nd Airlift Squadron were awarded the Air Force Combat Action Medal for active participation in combat action, having been personally present and under direct enemy fire on 26 Sept 2004. On that date they were carrying Afghan and US VIP's on a classified mission when they were engaged by multiple sources of ground fire. In April 2008, Staff Sgt. Aaron Weber, Staff Sgt. Aaron Sweeney and Staff Sgt. David Gazzara received the Air Force Combat Action Medal for being engaged by enemy forces while supporting Operation Enduring Freedom. These three Airmen are the first Delaware Air National Guard ground personnel to receive the newly created Air Force Combat Action Medal.

As the deputy commander of the 455th Expeditionary Operations Group, 455th Air Expeditionary Wing, Bagram Air Base, Afghanistan, Brig. Gen. (then Colonel) Carol Timmons received the Bronze Star for meritorious achievement during period of 3 May 2008 to 3 Sept 2008. On 14 May 2011 she was promoted to brigadier general and became the first federally recognized female general officer in the history of the Delaware Air National Guard. Effective 1 Jan 2012 Brig. Gen. Timmons was assigned as the Assistant Adjutant General, Delaware Air National Guard, succeeding Brig. Gen. John Merritt who retired after 43 years of service. The change of command ceremony on 8 Jan 2012 was attended by U.S. Sen. (former Governor) Tom Carper and U.S. Sen. Chris Coons. Sen. Coons, an honorary commander of the 166th Air Wing of the Delaware Air National Guard, thanked both Brig. Gen. Merritt and Brig. Gen. Timmons for their service. He said of Brig. Gen. Timmons:

> General Timmons is a true trailblazer and an inspiration to women in Delaware and around the country. She followed her dream to fly aircraft in service of our nation and has done so with courage and honor. I look forward to working with her, General Vavala, and the rest of the Delaware Guard leadership team on priorities in Washington for the men and women who serve our state.

Sen. Carper, a Veteran of the Vietnam War who retired from the U.S. Naval Reserve after 23 years of service with the rank of Captain (naval), also spoke of Gen. Timmons:

> She brings with her an outstanding work ethic and strong leadership qualities which I have come to know through conversations with her and through her work on my service academy interview team. I am proud that Brigadier General Timmons has been chosen to lead the exceptional men and women of the Delaware Air National Guard, who not only work their day jobs, but additionally shoulder the duty to protect all Americans in their service to their state and their country. I thank them and Brigadier General Timmons for performing with professionalism and precision to keep our nation safe and secure

### Iraq

While deployed to Ali Air Base, Iraq العراق with the Delaware Air National Guard's 166th Airlift Wing in 2010, Col. Dennis Hunsicker, the deputy commander of the 407th Air Expeditionary Group, following a presidential directive to reduce the American military presence in that country, helped facilitate the drawdown designed to responsibly shift the Air Force mission from a combat posture to one of advice and assistance.

### Kuwait

The 166th Civil Engineer Squadron (CES) of the Delaware Air National Guard served in several bases in Southwest Asia including Ali Al Salem Air Base, Kuwait دولة الكويت with the 386th Expeditionary Civil Engineer Squadron, 386th Air Expeditionary Wing. Led by Maj Elias Danucalov, Maj Kevin Canning, and CMSgt Ron Marandola, they performed base maintenance, engineering operations, major repairs, maintenance, construction management, explosive ordnance disposal, and emergency management planning. Base engineering work was performed by skilled craftsman such as electricians, plumbers, HVAC specialists, heavy equipment operators, engineering assistants, liquid fuels management, utilities, pest management, and specialists in structures, emergency management, fire protection, explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) and force protection. For their superb work and performance, the deployed members of the 166 CES earned the Meritorious Unit Award. In addition, several members individually received the Air Force Achievement Medal and the Air Force Commendation Medal.

### Kyrgyzstan

Col. Karl Kromer, in support of Operation Enduring Freedom received the Bronze Star for his service in the Republic of Kyrgyzstan Кыргызстан. As the commander of the 376th Expeditionary Maintenance Group, 376th Air Expeditionary Wing from November 2003 to March 2004 he led a team of 170 aircraft maintainers in the upkeep of six C-130 and seven KC-135 aircraft. Those aircraft generated more than 1,600 combat sorties and more than 4,700 hours flying time. The group was responsible for transporting 4,300 tons of critical combat supplies supporting Operation Mountain Resolve, Mountain Blizzard and Mountain Avalanche. His aircraft achieved a 99% departure reliability rate. Only three flights out of 450 were cancelled due to maintenance issues. On Veteran's Day 11 Nov 2004 he was presented the medal by Lt. Governor John Carney and Maj. Gen. Francis D. Vavala, Adjutant General, Delaware National Guard. Maj. Gen. Vavala said at the event, "Colonel Kromer's unswerving devotion to duty proved vital to sustaining the momentum of decisive combat operations and resulted in the swift defeat of enemy forces. All of Delaware should be proud of him."

### Hurricane Katrina

On 31 Aug 2005 "Task Force Delaware" composed of the 166th Security Forces of the Delaware Air National Guard and the 153rd Military Police Company (United States) of the Delaware Army National Guard deployed to Gulfport, Mississippi in response to Hurricane Katrina. Two C-130 Aircraft carried around 75 troops, the first of about 400 troops from Delaware. The Delaware Guard under the direction of Joint Task Force Katrina and the Mississippi National Guard, operated 24-hour traffic control points, roving patrols, presence patrols as well as performing humanitarian operations in the Gulfport, Long Beach, Biloxi and Pass Christian areas. Humanitarian aid was distributed such as potable water, ice and MRE's (Meal, Ready-to-Eat). Over a dozen C-130 transport missions brought Civil Engineers from the 166 Civil Engineer Squadron (CES), communications specialists, ground and air medical personnel, fire fighters (166CES) and other skilled personnel who contributed to relief efforts in almost a dozen cities in Mississippi as well as Louisiana in the city of New Orleans, in areas north of Lake Pontchartrain such as the towns of Slidell and Hammond. Participants of these relief efforts received the Humanitarian Service Medal. The commander of the 142nd Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron, Col. Virginia Schneider, recalled a year after Hurricane Katrina:

> We initiated a recall of all personnel and I was so impressed with the response I received. Within a few short hours I had over 20 nurses and medical technicians willing to drop everything to help the people of New Orleans. They assisted with one of the largest civilian medical evacuations in U.S. history. We are all saddened when tragedy strikes the U.S. but we are grateful that we possess a skill and capability to provide medical help when needed.

### Hurricane Gustav

When Hurricane Gustav hit Louisiana on 1 Sept 2008 Delaware was one of the first four states to respond. The Delaware Air National Guard evacuated 285 hospital patients from potentially dangerous areas in Louisiana and Texas. The Delaware Air and Army National Guard sent two Black Hawk helicopters, communications and search and rescue specialists, as well as a Joint Enabling Team (JET).

### Operation Jump Start

On 18 Aug 2007 46 members of the 166th Civil Engineer Squadron returned from a two-week deployment to areas south of Yuma, Arizona in support of Operation Jump Start. Working in two teams directly across from the border of Mexico the 166th Civil Engineer Squadron installed metal fence panels eight feet wide and 15 feet tall which needed to be welded together. On the first day the teams installed 91 panels, breaking the previous daily record of 35 set by other National Guard troops. Over two work weeks the teams installed 1,100 panels along a 9,000 foot border. The unit installed four 50 foot tall light poles in one day, exceeding the normal installation rate of two light poles per day. Other important support tasks were performed such as road maintenance. Major Elias Danucalov summed up the efforts of the 166th Civil Engineer Squadron, "Our people were satisfied that they could contribute something to national security."

## Notable members

This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

## InfoBox

| Delaware Air National Guard | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 1 July 1946 - present |
| Country | United States |
| Allegiance | Delaware |
| Branch | Air National Guard |
| Type | state militia, military reserve force |
| Role | "To meet state and federal mission responsibilities." |
| Part of | Delaware National Guard
United States National Guard Bureau
National Guard |
| Garrison/HQ | Delaware Air National Guard, 2600 Spruance Drive, New Castle, Delaware, 19720 |
| Commanders | |
| Civilian leadership | President Joe Biden
***(Commander-in-Chief)***
Frank Kendall III
***(Secretary of the Air Force)***
Governor John Carney
***(Governor of the State of Delaware)*** |
| State military leadership | Brigadier General Michael R. Berry Adjutant General, Brigadier General Jason S. Christman Assistant Adjutant General - Air |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Transport | Lockheed C-130 Hercules |


title: Delicious Candy Pickles Factory

abstract: Delicious Candy Pickles Factory is an American candy company that sells flavored candy pickles. The company was founded in 2014 by Heather Perkins and is headquartered in Desoto, Texas. Delicious Candy Pickles Factory has up to 250 candy pickle flavors and has a name in the State Fair of Texas.

text:
# Delicious Candy Pickles Factory

**Delicious Candy Pickles Factory** is an American candy company that sells flavored candy pickles.

The company was founded in 2014 by Heather Perkins and is headquartered in Desoto, Texas. Delicious Candy Pickles Factory has up to 250 candy pickle flavors and has a name in the State Fair of Texas.

## History

Delicious Candy Pickles Factory is a family-owned business, founded by Heather Perkins in 2014. The company is based in Desoto, Texas. As of 2022, the company prepares 250 flavors of candy pickles.

## Products and Services

Their products include Chamoy Pickle, Jolly Green Giant, Unicorn, Tropical Punch Rainbow, Cotton Candy Pickle, Candy Pinata, Lemon Head Crunch, Sweet & Sour Drop, Cherry Popsicle, Birthday Cake, Pineapple Twist, Tropical Punch Rainbow, Chamoy Pickle, Candy Apple Coated Pickle, Crushed Jolly Rancher, Pickles on a Stick, Pickles in a Cup, Chocolate Coated Pickles, and Cotton Candy Pickle.

## InfoBox

Delicious Candy Pickles Factory
| Industry | Food |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 2014 (2014) in Desoto, Texas, U.S. |
| Founder | Heather J. Perkins |
| Headquarters | Desoto, Texas |
| Products | Candy Pickles, Chamoy Pickle, Stuffed Pickles |
| Website | www.deliciouscandypicklesfactory.com |


title: Deltics (album)

abstract: Deltics is the second studio album by British singer-songwriter Chris Rea. It was released in 1979 on Magnet Records. The album is named after the East Coast rail network's Deltic-class locomotives that were used in the 1960s and 1970s. The album is Rea's first album to chart on the UK Albums Chart, peaking at number fifty-four. The single "Diamonds" peaked at number 44 on both the UK Singles Chart, and Billboard Hot 100, where it charted for eight weeks. The B-side of this single, "Cleveland Calling", was not included on the CD reissue of the album. The album producer Gus Dudgeon had made several early albums with Elton John.

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# Deltics (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Deltics*** is the second studio album by British singer-songwriter Chris Rea. It was released in 1979 on Magnet Records. The album is named after the East Coast rail network's Deltic-class locomotives that were used in the 1960s and 1970s. The album is Rea's first album to chart on the UK Albums Chart, peaking at number fifty-four. The single "Diamonds" peaked at number 44 on both the UK Singles Chart, and *Billboard* Hot 100, where it charted for eight weeks. The B-side of this single, "Cleveland Calling", was not included on the CD reissue of the album. The album producer Gus Dudgeon had made several early albums with Elton John.

## Track listing

All songs by Chris Rea.

1. "Twisted Wheel" – 5:15
2. "The Things Lovers Should Do" – 3:35
3. "Dance! (Don't Think)" – 3:52
4. "Raincoat and a Rose" – 4:09
5. "Cenotaph/Letter from Amsterdam" – 5:49
6. "Deltics" – 5:28
7. "Diamonds" – 4:51
8. "She Gave It Away" – 4:00
9. "Don't Want Your Best Friend" – 3:44
10. "No Qualifications" – 2:20
11. "Seabird" – 2:52

## Singles

1. "Diamonds" b/w "Cleveland Calling"
2. "Raincoat and a Rose" b/w "No Qualifications"

## Personnel

### Musicians

* Chris Rea – vocals, pianos, synthesizers, accordion, acoustic guitar, 12-string acoustic guitar, electric guitars, slide guitar
* Graham Watson – organ
* Eddie Guy – acoustic guitar (2)
* Martin Jenner – acoustic guitar (8)
* Kevin Peek – acoustic guitar (11)
* Mick Hutchinson – bass
* Norman Nosebait – drums
* Gus Dudgeon – percussion (1-3, 6)
* Morris Pert – percussion (4, 7, 8)
* Bruce Baxter – brass arrangements (1, 7), string arrangements (1, 3, 4, 7, 11)
* Steve Gregory – brass arrangements (6, 9, 10), saxophone solo (10)
* Vicki Brown – backing vocals (3)
* Liza Strike – backing vocals (3)
* Joy Yates – backing vocals (3)
* Stuart Epps – backing vocals (6)

### Production

* Gus Dudgeon – producer
* Stuart Epps – engineer
* Gordon Vicary – mastering at Utopia Studios (London, UK)
* Media Visual Arts Ltd. – sleeve design
* Jacques Lowe – photography
* Jim Beach – management
* John McCoy – management

## Charts

Chart performance for *Deltics*
| Chart (1979) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Albums (Kent Music Report) | 27 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 54 |

## InfoBox

| Deltics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Chris Rea | |
| Released | April 1979 |
| Studio | * Moonlight Studios (London, UK) |
| Genre | Album-oriented rock |
| Length | 45:55 |
| Label | United Artists, Magnet |
| Producer | Gus Dudgeon |
| Chris Rea chronology | |
| *Whatever Happened to Benny Santini?*
(1978) ***Deltics***
(1979) *Tennis*
(1980) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Diamonds (TopPop 1979)" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Paul Lakeland

abstract: Paul Lakeland is an American academic and former Jesuit priest.

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# Paul Lakeland

**Paul Lakeland** is an American academic and former Jesuit priest.

## Biography

Lakeland received his MA from Oxford University; BD from the University of London; and PhD from Vanderbilt University.

Lakeland, a former Jesuit priest, is married and has one son, Jonathan Palmer Lakeland who is a professional pianist and conductor, and also a graduate of Westminster Choir College. Paul Lakeland has also been a member of the group Voice of the Faithful.

Lakeland served as the inaugural Rev. Aloysius P. Kelley, S.J., Professor of Catholic Studies and Chair of the Center for Catholic Studies at Fairfield University in Fairfield, Connecticut, from 2004 through 2023. Lakeland was named the 2005 Fairfield University Teacher of the Year. Lakeland was awarded the first place 2004 Catholic Press Award, in the category of theology, for his book, *The Liberation of the Laity: In Search of an Accountable Church* (Continuum International, New York, N.Y., 2003). Lakeland served as the Director of the Center for Catholic Studies at Fairfield and host of the *Voices of Others* video series in which he sits down with distinguished scholars, theologians and social activists to discuss issues surrounding the theme “Listening to the Voices of Others.” Past special guests include Loung Ung, Greg Boyle, Paul Farmer, and Archbishop Demetrios of America.

Lakeland is a contributing blogger to *The Huffington Post* and a contributing writer to *Commonweal*.

Lakeland has come out in support of controversial theologian Roger Haight in the magazine *Commonweal*. In January 2007, he published an impassioned apologia of his thought by the title "Not So Heterodox. In Defense of Roger Haight."

## Views

Lakeland believes that clerical celibacy should become optional and that change is inevitable. He further believes the Roman Catholic priests are not sufficiently accountable to outsiders. Lakeland claims those church leaders who allowed child sex abuse to continue were less responsive over the duty to act accountably than lay Catholics who have routinely had to act accountably towards employers and family. During the first few centuries of the Christian Era the laity routinely played a part in the choice of clergy up to and including the pope. Pope Leo the Great is quoted pronouncing, "Let the one who is going to rule over all be elected by all". He believes the church has traditionally been sensitive to political models that were contemporary at the time and believes it would be good if the church were today more democratic. Lakeland feels the church should seek to imitate the Holy Trinity where he feels the three persons are coequal and not hierarchal.

In his view, the church is in crisis and losing credibility due to, "the wholly human predilection for rules, regulations, buildings, status, power over others, secrecy, silence, ambition and expediency." Demands for unthinking obedience to a hierarchical authority reduce the church to something purely human. Lakeland believes good order in the church is God given but pyramidal power structure that existed since medieval times is not conducive to good order. The church has lost credibility because it has lost accountability. He considers that Catholic bishops are out of step with lay Catholics over acceptance of sexual diversity and same sex relationships. Lay Catholics are accepting while the church hierarchy demands lifelong celibacy from people with non heterosexual orientation. Lakeland feels both sides should examine what the other side says but also suspects the church hierarchy are wrong when they seek to deny people with same sex orientation the chance of love.

## Books

* The Wounded "Angel: Fiction and the Religious Imagination (Liturgical, 2017)
* A Council That Will Never End (Liturgical, 2013)
* Church: Living Communion (Liturgical, 2009)
* Catholicism at the Crossroads: How the Laity Can Save the Church (Continuum, March 2007)
* The Liberation of the Laity: In Search of an Accountable Church (2004)
* Postmodernity: Christian Identity in a Fragmented Age (1997)
* Theology and Critical Theory: The Discourse of the Church (1990)
* Free in Christ: The Challenge of Political Theology (1984)
* The Politics of Salvation: The Hegelian Idea of the State (1984)
* Can Women Be Priests? (1975).


title: Delbert K. Smith

abstract: Delbert K. Smith was an American farmer and state politician in Wisconsin. Born in Big Bend, Waukesha County, Wisconsin, Smith went to the public schools and the Rochester Seminary. After graduating from the University of Wisconsin, Smith became a farmer in the town of Vernon. Elected to the state legislature in 1894, Smith served in the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1895 to 1899. Smith then worked for the Wisconsin Secretary of State. He returned to his farm. In 1904 and 1905, Smith served as chairman of the Vernon Town Board, equivalent to a mayor. Smith died at his home, in Vernon, Wisconsin, from tuberculosis.

text:
# Delbert K. Smith

**Delbert K. Smith** (November 15, 1862  June 17, 1905) was an American farmer and state politician in Wisconsin.

Born in Big Bend, Waukesha County, Wisconsin, Smith went to the public schools and the Rochester Seminary.

After graduating from the University of Wisconsin, Smith became a farmer in the town of Vernon. Elected to the state legislature in 1894, Smith served in the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1895 to 1899. Smith then worked for the Wisconsin Secretary of State.

He returned to his farm. In 1904 and 1905, Smith served as chairman of the Vernon Town Board, equivalent to a mayor.

Smith died at his home, in Vernon, Wisconsin, from tuberculosis (then called consumption).


title: Delbert L. Stapley

abstract: Delbert Leon Stapley was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints from 1950 to 1978.

text:
# Delbert L. Stapley

**Delbert Leon Stapley** (December 11, 1896 – August 19, 1978) was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1950 to 1978.

## Early life

Stapley was born in Mesa, Arizona Territory. He graduated from Mesa Union High School in 1914. As a youth, he rejected a chance at playing Major League Baseball so he could serve an LDS Church mission in the southern United States and because he didn't want to play on Sunday, the day Latter-day Saints observe as the Sabbath. Stapley remained physically active throughout his life, his favorite sport being golf.

Stapley was a missionary in the LDS Church's Southern States Mission from 1915 to 1917. After his mission, he was a U.S. marine in the First World War.

## LDS Church service

Stapley had been stake president for three years before receiving a call to the apostleship on October 5, 1950. Stapley was also sustained as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve on October 5, 1950, at the church's October general conference, filling the vacancy caused by the death of George F. Richards. Stapley was notified of his new calling by church president George Albert Smith in the elevator bank of the Hotel Utah. Stapley organized the original Miami Stake in 1961. In 1969 he received the Silver Buffalo Award from the Boy Scouts of America.

### Views on civil rights

A letter sent by Stapley illustrates his views on black people before they were more widely assimilated into the LDS Church. Dated January 23, 1964 and specifically stating he was not speaking for the church or in his position as an apostle, the letter urged Michigan Governor George W. Romney to back away from certain positions for civil rights, and he called the bill that became the Civil Rights Act of 1964 "vicious legislation." Romney is reported to have accelerated his engagement for civil rights shortly after he received the letter.

## Death

Stapley delivered his last conference address in October 1977. The following April conference he was too ill to attend. Stapley died on August 19, 1978, in Salt Lake City, Utah. He suffered cardiac arrest at about noon while walking near his home. He was buried in the Mesa, Arizona cemetery.

At the time of his death, Stapley was the third apostle in line to the presidency of the church. His vacancy in the Quorum of the Twelve was filled by James E. Faust.

## InfoBox

| Delbert L. Stapley | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Quorum of the Twelve Apostles | |
| October 5, 1950 (1950-10-05)  August 19, 1978 (1978-08-19) | |
|  | |
|  | |
| LDS Church Apostle | |
| October 5, 1950 (1950-10-05)  August 19, 1978 (1978-08-19) | |
| Reason | Death of George F. Richards |
| Reorganization
at end of term | James E. Faust ordained |
|  | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Delbert Leon Stapley
(1896-12-11)December 11, 1896
Mesa, Arizona Territory, United States |
| Died | August 19, 1978(1978-08-19) (aged 81)
Salt Lake City, Utah, United States |
| Spouse(s) | Ethel Burdette Davis |
| Children | 3 |
|  | |


title: Paul Craft

abstract: Paul Charles Craft was an American country singer-songwriter. The Memphis-born Craft was known as the songwriter for Mark Chesnutt's single "Brother Jukebox", and the novelty song "It's Me Again, Margaret", recorded by Ray Stevens, and Craft himself. Between 1977 and 1978, Craft charted three singles on RCA Nashville. His song "Keep Me From Blowing Away" was originally recorded by The Seldom Scene on their 1973 album Act II and was then recorded by Linda Ronstadt on her 1974 album Heart Like a Wheel, and has since been recorded by Moe Bandy, T. Graham Brown, Jerry Lee Lewis, The Grascals and Willie Nelson. His song "Midnight Flyer" was recorded by the Eagles. His song "Dropkick Me, Jesus" was a No. 17 country hit for Bobby Bare in 1976. He also wrote Moe Bandy's "Hank Williams, You Wrote My Life" and T. Graham Brown's "Come as You Were" among others. Craft was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame on October 5, 2014. Craft died at a hospital in Nashville, Tennessee on October 18, 2014, at the age of 76.

text:
# Paul Craft

**Paul Charles Craft** (August 12, 1938 – October 18, 2014) was an American country singer-songwriter. The Memphis-born Craft was known as the songwriter for Mark Chesnutt's single "Brother Jukebox", and the novelty song "It's Me Again, Margaret", recorded by Ray Stevens, and Craft himself. Between 1977 and 1978, Craft charted three singles on RCA Nashville.

His song "Keep Me From Blowing Away" was originally recorded by The Seldom Scene on their 1973 album *Act II* and was then recorded by Linda Ronstadt on her 1974 album *Heart Like a Wheel*, and has since been recorded by Moe Bandy, T. Graham Brown, Jerry Lee Lewis, The Grascals and Willie Nelson. His song "Midnight Flyer" was recorded by the Eagles. His song "Dropkick Me, Jesus" was a No. 17 country hit for Bobby Bare in 1976. He also wrote Moe Bandy's "Hank Williams, You Wrote My Life" and T. Graham Brown's "Come as You Were" among others.

Craft was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame on October 5, 2014.

Craft died at a hospital in Nashville, Tennessee on October 18, 2014, at the age of 76.

## Discography

| Year | Single | Chart Positions | Songwriter | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US Country | | |
| 1974 | "It's Me Again, Margaret" | 55 | Paul Craft | Truth |
| 1977 | "We Know Better" | 98 | Paul Craft | RCA Nashville |
| | "Lean on Jesus (Before He Leans on You)" | 55 | Mark Germino, Rob Stanley | |
| 1978 | "Teardrops in My Tequila" | 84 | Paul Craft | |

## InfoBox

| Paul Craft | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Paul Charles Craft |
| Born | (1938-08-12)August 12, 1938
Memphis, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Died | October 18, 2014(2014-10-18) (aged 76)
Nashville, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Genres | Country |
| Occupation(s) | Singer, songwriter |


title: Paul E. Blackwell

abstract: Paul Eugene Blackwell Sr. is a retired United States Army lieutenant general. During his 31-year career in the United States Army, LTG Blackwell held a wide variety of command and staff positions including assignment as Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans (G3), Department of the Army and commanding general, 24th Infantry Division (Mechanized), at Fort Stewart, Georgia. Other key assignments include Deputy Director of Operations, National Military Command Center, Washington, DC; commanding general, 2d Armored Division (Forward), Garlstedt, Federal Republic of Germany, and Assistant Division Commander, 3d Armored Division, Federal Republic of Germany. Blackwell earned a B.S. degree with honors in Agricultural Education from Clemson University in June 1963. He was commissioned as a reserve infantry officer through the Army ROTC program, but did not report for active duty until after he had completed an M.S. degree in Horticulture and Agricultural Education at Clemson in June 1965. Blackwell graduated from the Marine Corps Command and Staff College in June 1976 and the United States Army War College in June 1983.

text:
# Paul E. Blackwell

**Paul Eugene Blackwell Sr.** (born August 19, 1941) is a retired United States Army lieutenant general. During his 31-year career in the United States Army, LTG Blackwell held a wide variety of command and staff positions including assignment as Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans (G3), Department of the Army and commanding general, 24th Infantry Division (Mechanized), at Fort Stewart, Georgia. Other key assignments include Deputy Director of Operations, National Military Command Center, Washington, DC; commanding general, 2d Armored Division (Forward), Garlstedt, Federal Republic of Germany, and Assistant Division Commander, 3d Armored Division, Federal Republic of Germany.

Blackwell earned a B.S. degree with honors in Agricultural Education from Clemson University in June 1963. He was commissioned as a reserve infantry officer through the Army ROTC program, but did not report for active duty until after he had completed an M.S. degree in Horticulture and Agricultural Education at Clemson in June 1965. Blackwell graduated from the Marine Corps Command and Staff College in June 1976 and the United States Army War College in June 1983.

## Awards and decorations

| **U.S. service medals** | |
| --- | --- |
|  | Combat Infantryman Badge |
|  | Senior Parachutist Badge |
|  | Army Staff Identification Badge |
|  | Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge |
|  | Army Distinguished Service Medal with Oak leaf cluster |
|  | Silver Star with Oak leaf cluster |
|  | Legion of Merit with Oak leaf cluster |
|  | Bronze Star with V device and eight Oak leaf clusters |
|  | Purple Heart |
|  | Defense Meritorious Service Medal |
|  | Air Medal with device 3 |
|  | Army Commendation Medal with V device and three Oak leaf clusters |
|  | National Defense Service Medal |
|  | Vietnam Service Medal with two campaign stars |
|  | Army Overseas Service Ribbon |
| **Foreign decorations** | |
|  | Kuwait Liberation Medal (Saudi Arabia) |
|  | Kuwait Liberation Medal (Kuwait) |
|  | Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal |
|  | Parachutist Badge (United Kingdom) |

## InfoBox

| Paul E. Blackwell | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nickname(s) | Gene |
| Born | (1941-08-19) August 19, 1941
York, South Carolina, U.S. |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Service/branch | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1965–1996 |
| Rank | Lieutenant General |
| Commands | Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans, United States Army; Deputy Director of Operations, National Military Command Center; 24th Infantry Division; 2d Armored Division (Forward); 1st Brigade, 9th Infantry Division; 1st Battalion, 4th Infantry Regiment |
| Battles/wars | Vietnam War
Persian Gulf War |
| Awards | Silver Star (2)
Bronze Star (9)
Purple Heart
Air Medal (3) |


title: Paul E. Davis

abstract: Paul E. Davis was an American college football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Mississippi State University from 1962 to 1966, compiling a record of 20–28–2.

text:
# Paul E. Davis

**Paul E. Davis** (February 3, 1922 – March 31, 2009) was an American college football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Mississippi State University from 1962 to 1966, compiling a record of 20–28–2.

## Playing career

Davis grew up in Knoxville, Tennessee, and attended Young High School there, where he was selected as caption of the school's football team in both 1940 and 1941. During World War II, he served in the United States Army in Europe. He played college football at the University of Mississippi after completing his military service.

## Coaching career

Davis was head coach at New Albany High School in New Albany, Mississippi, before taking the reins of the Jones County Junior College football team, leading the Bobcats to a 9–0–1 mark and a state championship in 1951. He compiled a 34–11–3 record while coaching the team at Jones County Junior College from 1950 to 1954. He left to take a position as coach at Memphis State University, among other schools, before heading to Mississippi State University under head coach Wade Walker.

He was the head coach of the Mississippi State Bulldogs football team from 1962 until 1966, with his teams going 20–38–2 overall and 9–22–2 in the Southeastern Conference in those five seasons. The team had a 7–2–2 record in 1963, earning its first postseason bowl game since 1939. The team finished the season with a 16–12 victory over North Carolina State in front of 8,309 fans at the 1963 Liberty Bowl played in a bitter cold Philadelphia. Mississippi State was able to convert two botched North Carolina State punts into touchdowns, and a 13–0 lead at the first quarter. United Press International named Davis the SEC Coach of the Year for the 1963 season. After a 2–8 record in the 1966 season, Mississippi State dismissed Davis, as well as athletic director Wade Walker. Charles Shira, who had been defensive coach for the University of Texas, was named to fill both vacant positions.

He was defensive coordinator and assistant head coach, among other positions, for the Auburn Tigers football team under Ralph Jordan (1967 to 1975), Doug Barfield (1976 to 1980) and Pat Dye (1987 to 1990), spending a total of 17 years with the team.

## Death

Davis died at age 87 on March 31, 2009, at a hospice in Auburn, Alabama. He was survived by two children and two grandchildren.

## Head coaching record

### College

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs | Coaches# |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Mississippi State Bulldogs** *(Southeastern Conference)* (1962–1966) | | | | | | | | |
| 1962 | Mississippi State | 3–6 | 2–5 | 9th |  |  |
| 1963 | Mississippi State | 7–2–2 | 4–1–2 | 4th | **W** Liberty | 11 |
| 1964 | Mississippi State | 4–6 | 2–5 | 8th |  |  |
| 1965 | Mississippi State | 4–6 | 1–5 | T–9th |  |  |
| 1966 | Mississippi State | 2–8 | 0–6 | T–9th |  |  |
| **Mississippi State:** | | 20–28–2 | 9–22–2 |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 20–28–2 |  | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Paul E. Davis
| Davis pictured in *Reveille 1963*, Mississippi State yearbook | |
| --- | --- |
| Biographical details | |
| Born | (1922-02-03)February 3, 1922 |
| Died | March 31, 2009(2009-03-31) (aged 87)
Auburn, Alabama, U.S. |
| Playing career | |
| 1942 | Ole Miss |
| 1946 | Ole Miss |
|  | |
| Position(s) | Center |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1950–1954 | Jones County |
| 1960–1961 | Mississippi State (assistant) |
| 1962–1966 | Mississippi State |
| 1967–1980 | Auburn (assistant) |
| 1981–1982 | Alabama (recruiting) |
| 1983–1985 | Temple (assistant) |
| 1987–1990 | Auburn (assistant) |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 20–28–2 (college)
34–11–3 (junior college) |
| Bowls | 1–0 |
| Accomplishments and honors | |
| Awards | |
| SEC Coach of the Year (1963) | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Del Norte County Airport

abstract: Del Norte County Regional Airport is a public airport three miles (4.8 km) northwest of Crescent City, in Del Norte County, California, United States. It has one airline flight per day to/from Oakland and Los Angeles/Hawthorne under the Essential Air Service program. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a primary commercial service airport.

text:
# Del Norte County Airport

**Del Norte County Regional Airport** (IATA: **CEC**, ICAO: **KCEC**, FAA LID: **CEC**) (Jack McNamara Field) is a public airport three miles (4.8 km) northwest of Crescent City, in Del Norte County, California, United States. It has one airline flight per day to/from Oakland and Los Angeles/Hawthorne under the Essential Air Service program. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a *primary commercial service* airport (i.e. more than 10,000 enplanements per year).

## History

The airfield was used during World War II as **Crescent City Outlying Field** supporting Naval Air Station Alameda. and a naval radio station at Point Saint George. High-frequency direction finding (HFDF) was used for radio intercept. These sites along the coast could track Japanese warships and merchant marine vessels as far away as the Western Pacific. The other stations in California were at Point Arguello, Farallon Islands and San Diego. Bainbridge Island, Washington also hosted a station.

## Facilities and aircraft

The airport covers 544 acres (220 ha) at an elevation of 61 feet (19 m). It has two asphalt runways: 11/29 is 5,000 by 150 feet (1,524 x 46 m) and 17/35 is 5,001 by 150 feet (1,524 x 46 m).

In the year ending July 31, 2019; the airport had 12,565 aircraft operations, average 34 per day: 72% general aviation, 27% air taxi, and 1% military. 26 aircraft were then based at the airport: 65% single-engine and 35% multi-engine.

## Historical airline service

By 1950 Southwest Airways Douglas DC-3s were flying to San Francisco, e.g. Crescent City - Eureka/Arcata - Fort Bragg/Mendocino - Ukiah - Santa Rosa - Vallejo/Napa - Oakland - San Francisco. Southwest Airways changed its name to Pacific Air Lines which in 1959 was flying DC-3s or Martin 4-0-4s Crescent City - Eureka/Arcata - San Francisco; Crescent City - Eureka/Arcata - Ukiah - Santa Rosa - San Francisco; or Crescent City - Eureka/Arcata - Redding - Red Bluff - Chico - Marysville/Yuba City - Sacramento - San Francisco. Also, nonstop between Crescent City and Medford, Oregon. By 1964 Pacific Air Lines was flying Fairchild F-27s and Martin 4-0-4s to Crescent City on similar multi-stop routings to San Francisco and nonstop to Portland. In 1968 Pacific Air Lines merged with Bonanza Air Lines and West Coast Airlines to form Air West which changed its name to Hughes Airwest in 1970. All Air West flights to the airport in 1968 were Fairchild F-27s. In 1972 Hughes Airwest F-27s flew San Francisco - Eureka/Arcata - Crescent City - North Bend, Oregon - Corvallis, Oregon - Portland, Oregon - Astoria, Oregon - Tacoma, Washington - Seattle. By 1980 Hughes Airwest was no longer serving the airport as it had retired its F-27s.

Several commuter airlines served the airport. In 1976 Eureka Aero Industries was flying nonstop to Eureka/Arcata continuing to Eureka's Murray Field airport with Cessna 402s. WestAir was serving the airport by the early 1980s and in 1985 was flying Cessna 402s nonstop to Eureka/Arcata and on to Sacramento. WestAir also offered connecting service via either Eureka/Arcata or Sacramento to San Francisco. WestAir became a United Express airline via a code sharing agreement with United Airlines and in 1994 was flying BAe Jetstream 31s Crescent City - Eureka/Arcata - Sacramento - San Francisco several times a day. In the late 1990s, WestAir was replaced by SkyWest Airlines which in 1999 was operating as United Express from the airport with nonstop and direct Embraer EMB-120 Brasilias to San Francisco International Airport.

In 2007 SkyWest operating as United Express was continuing to fly Embraer EMB-120s nonstop to both San Francisco and Eureka/Arcata with direct one-stop flights to Sacramento. SkyWest ended all United Express service into Crescent City in 2015. From August 2017, the only remaining passenger airline service, flown by PenAir with Saab 340s via a code sharing agreement with Alaska Airlines, operated nonstop to the Portland International Airport in Oregon. This service ended after PenAir filed for bankruptcy.

### New airline jet service

On February 28, 2018 Contour Airlines announced it would begin flying an Embraer ERJ-135 regional jet between Crescent City and Oakland with service which began on April 11, 2018. This new service marked the first time Crescent City had scheduled passenger airline flights operated with a jet aircraft.

## Airlines and destinations

### Passenger

According to FlightAware, scheduled passenger flights are currently being operated by Advanced Air with Dornier 328JET regional jets nonstop to Oakland (OAK).

| Airlines | Destinations | Refs |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Advanced Air | Los Angeles/Hawthorne, Oakland |  |

### Cargo

| Airlines | Destinations |
| --- | --- |
| Ameriflight | North Bend/Coos Bay, Portland (OR) |
| FedEx Feeder | Arcata/Eureka, Sacramento |

## Statistics

Passenger boardings (enplanements) by year, as per the FAA
| Year | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Enplanements | 12,541 | 11,490 | 14,341 | 14,887 | 12,547 | 12,136 | 13,701 | 4,915 | 8,667 | 6,802 | 5,907 |
| Change | 8.42% | 8.38% | 24.81% | 3.81% | 15.72% | 3.28% | 12.90% | 64.13% | 76.34% | 21.52% | 13.16% |
| Airline | SkyWest Airlines dba United Express | SkyWest Airlines dba United Express | SkyWest Airlines dba United Express | SkyWest Airlines dba United Express | SkyWest Airlines dba United Express | SkyWest Airlines dba United Express | SkyWest Airlines dba United Express | SkyWest Airlines dba United Express | PenAir | PenAir | Contour Airlines |
| Destination(s) | Arcata-Eureka   ---  San Francisco | Arcata-Eureka   ---  San Francisco | Arcata-Eureka   ---  San Francisco | Arcata-Eureka   ---  San Francisco | Arcata-Eureka   ---  San Francisco | San Francisco | San Francisco | San Francisco | Portland | Portland | Oakland |
| Aircraft | Embraer 120 Brasilia | Embraer 120 Brasilia | Embraer 120 Brasilia | Embraer 120 Brasilia | Embraer 120 Brasilia | Embraer 120 Brasilia | Embraer 120 Brasilia | Embraer 120 Brasilia | Saab 340 | Saab 340 | Embraer 135 |
| Subsidy | $957,025 | $957,025 | $957,025 | $1,136,896 | $1,136,896 | $1,996,959 | $1,996,959 | $2,454,084 | $3,506,231 | $2,951,831 | $3,310,503 |

## Other sources

* Essential Air Service documents (Docket DOT-OST-1997-2649) from the U.S. Department of Transportation:
    + Order 2004-7-29: re-selecting SkyWest, Inc., d/b/a United Express, to provide essential air service at Crescent City, California, at the annual subsidy rate of $816,025 per year for the period ending July 31, 2006.
    + Order 2006-6-15: re-selecting SkyWest Airlines, Inc., d/b/a United Express, to provide subsidized essential air service at Crescent City, California, for the two-year period from August 1, 2006, through July 31, 2008, at an annual rate of $957,025.
    + Order 2008-4-23: re-selecting SkyWest Airlines, Inc., d/b/a United Express, to provide essential air service at Crescent City, California, at an annual subsidy rate of $1,136,896, through July 31, 2010.
    + Order 2010-5-19: re-selecting SkyWest Airlines, Inc., d/b/a United Express, to provide essential air service (EAS) at Crescent City, California, at an annual subsidy rate of $1,781,888. The selection extends from August 1, 2010, through July 31, 2012.
    + Order 2012-5-21: re-selecting SkyWest Airlines, Inc., d/b/a United Express, to provide Essential Air Service (EAS) at Crescent City, California, for $1,996,959 annual subsidy.

## InfoBox

| Del Norte County Regional Airport<br>Jack McNamara Field | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Owner | Del Norte County |
| Operator | Border Coast Regional Airport Authority |
| Serves | Crescent City, California |
| Elevation AMSL | 61 ft / 19 m |
| Coordinates | 41°46′49″N 124°14′12″W / 41.78028°N 124.23667°W / 41.78028; -124.23667 |
| Website | flycrescentcity.com |
| Map | |
| **CEC****CEC** | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  12/30 5,002 1,524 Asphalt  18/36 5,000 1,523 Asphalt | |
| Statistics (2019) | |
| Aircraft operations 12,565  Based aircraft 17 | |
| Source: Federal Aviation Administration | |


abstract: Del Norte High School or DNHS, located in Crescent City, California, is a public high school educating students from grades 9 through 12. It is the only regular public high school in Del Norte County. In 2008 DNHS was accredited for six years by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. The principal, as of 2021, is Alison Eckart, and the dean of students/athletic director is Robert Hadfield. In popular culture, Del Norte High School is the school attended by Laurel Sewell and her friends in the novel, Wings. Del Norte High School also became sister schools with another school in Rikuzentakata-shi, Iwate, Japan. Del Norte High School began an art club and cosplay club in 2018. The school takes turns with Takata high school each year of traveling their students to Japan and Takata's students the next year. As of 2013, it was one of five schools in California offering classes in the Yurok language. Tolowa language classes have been taught "for many years."

text:
# Del Norte High School (Crescent City, California)

**Del Norte High School** or **DNHS**, located in Crescent City, California, is a public high school educating students from grades 9 through 12. It is the only regular public high school in Del Norte County. In 2008 DNHS was accredited for six years (through 2014) by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. The principal, as of 2021, is Alison Eckart, and the dean of students/athletic director is Robert Hadfield.

In popular culture, Del Norte High School is the school attended by Laurel Sewell and her friends in the novel, Wings. Del Norte High School also became sister schools with another school in Rikuzentakata-shi, Iwate, Japan. Del Norte High School began an art club and cosplay club in 2018. The school takes turns with Takata high school each year of traveling their students to Japan and Takata's students the next year.

As of 2013, it was one of five schools in California offering classes in the Yurok language. Tolowa language classes have been taught "for many years."

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

| Del Norte High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| 1301 El Dorado Street
Crescent City, California
United States | |
| Coordinates | 41°46′11″N 124°12′33″W / 41.76984°N 124.20924°W / 41.76984; -124.20924 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public |
| Motto | "Go Warriors!" |
| Established | 1898 |
| School district | Del Norte County Unified School District |
| Principal | Alison Eckhart |
| Faculty | 49.68 (FTE) |
| Grades | 9 to 12 |
| Enrollment | 1,006 (2022-2023) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 20.25 |
| Color(s) | Navy and gold |
| Slogan | "You Can Succeed" |
| Sports | Baseball, football, basketball, tennis, volleyball, etc. |
| Mascot | Warrior |
| Nickname | DNHS |
| Newspaper | *The W. (not in print)* |
| Website | https://www.dnusd.org/delnortehigh |


title: Delicious Proposal

abstract: Delicious Proposal is a 2001 South Korean television series starring Jung Joon, Son Ye-jin, So Yoo-jin and So Ji-sub. It aired on MBC from February 7 to March 29, 2001 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 16 episodes.

text:
# Delicious Proposal

***Delicious Proposal*** (Korean: 맛있는 청혼; Hanja: 맛있는 請婚; RR: *Mashineun Cheonghon*) is a 2001 South Korean television series starring Jung Joon, Son Ye-jin, So Yoo-jin and So Ji-sub. It aired on MBC from February 7 to March 29, 2001 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 16 episodes.

## Plot

The drama is about two families that operate rival Chinese food restaurants, and the love stories of twenty-something high school graduates on their paths to becoming first-class chefs.

Hyo-dong treats his customers like kings and serves the best Chinese food in the area, but his restaurant has been struggling for some time. Built on his father's dedication and decades of hard work, the restaurant has been declining due to the aggressive techniques of their rivals. In the midst of this competition, Hyo-dong gets to know Hee-ae, a charming young girl who frequents the same cooking class. They also meet Shin-ae, a poor, very determined student who dreams of owning her own restaurant someday. Hyo-dong falls for Hee-ae, but he later finds out that she is the daughter of the owner of deluxe eatery Golden Dragon, a ruthless rival who is out to destroy his father's restaurant.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| *Delicious Proposal* | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional poster | |
| Also known as | Tasty Courtship
Sweet Proposal |
| Genre |  |
| Written by | Kim In-young |
| Directed by | Park Sung-soo |
| Starring |  |
| Country of origin | South Korea |
| Original language | Korean |
| No. of episodes | 16 |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Lee Eun-kyu |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation |
| Release | February 7 (2001-02-07)
March 29, 2001 (2001-03-29) |


title: Delicious Surprise (song)

abstract: "Delicious Surprise" is a song co-written and recorded by American singer Beth Hart for her second studio album Screamin' for My Supper (1999). It was released on August 22, 2000 as the second single from the album by Atlantic Records. The song was written by Hart and Glen Burtnik and produced by the two and Tal Herzberg. The song was also her final single for Atlantic Records before leaving the label in 2001. It was later covered in 2005 by Jo Dee Messina for her album Delicious Surprise.

text:
# Delicious Surprise (song)

"**Delicious Surprise**" is a song co-written and recorded by American singer Beth Hart for her second studio album *Screamin' for My Supper* (1999). It was released on August 22, 2000 as the second single from the album by Atlantic Records. The song was written by Hart and Glen Burtnik and produced by the two and Tal Herzberg. The song was also her final single for Atlantic Records before leaving the label in 2001. It was later covered in 2005 by Jo Dee Messina for her album *Delicious Surprise*.

## Track list (Beth Hart version)

German maxi-CD single
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Delicious Surprise (Album Version)" | 3:48 |
| 2. | "Jackie's Song (Live Non-LP Bonus Track)" | 4:32 |
| 3. | "Mama (Live Acoustic)" | 5:00 |
| 4. | "LA Song (Live Bonus Track)" | 4:28 |
| Total length: | | 17:48 |

US promotional single
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Delicious Surprise (I Believe) (Radio Edit)" | * Hart * Burtnik | 3:25 |
| Total length: | | | 3:25 |

## Jo Dee Messina version

| "Delicious Surprise (I Believe It)" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Jo Dee Messina | |
| from the album  *Delicious Surprise* | |
| Released | June 20, 2005 (2005-06-20) |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 3:48 |
| Label | Curb |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) |  |
| Jo Dee Messina singles chronology | |
| "My Give a Damn's Busted"
(2005) "**Delicious Surprise (I Believe It)**"
(2005) "Not Going Down"
(2005) | |

"Delicious Surprise" was later recorded by American country music artist Jo Dee Messina. It was released as the second single from her fifth studio album of the same name, re-titled as "Delicious Surprise (I Believe It)" by Curb Records on June 20, 2005. Messina's version was produced by Byron Gallimore and Tim McGraw.

Compared to the lead single "My Give a Damn's Busted", the song did underperform, only peaking at number 23 on the Hot Country Songs chart, but it did spend 20 weeks in total.

## Chart performance

Messina's version debuted on June 25, 2005 on the *Billboard* Hot Country Songs at number 57. The song then rose up to number 47 the following week. "Delicious Surprise" then rose to the top forty on July 16 at number 40. The song would later rise to its peak position of number 23 the week of September 24, 2005, spending one week in the position and spending twenty weeks overall. "Delicious Surprise" marked Messina's first single to miss the country top-20 since "Was That My Life" from her 2003 *Greatest Hits* compilation only reached number 21. It performed better on the *Radio & Records* Country Top 50, rising as high as number 18.

In Canada, the song performed moderately. "Delicious Surprise" debuted on the *Radio & Records* Canada Country Top 30 the week of August 5, 2005, at number 27 with 235 total plays, the highest debut of the week. The song then fell to number 29 the next week before rising again to number 28. "Delicious Surprise" rose to a peak of number 24 the week of September 23, 2005. The song overall spent 10 weeks in the country.

## Music video

A music video for "Delicious Surprise" was released, with it being filmed by Peter Zavadil. It premiered to CMT on August 4, 2005.

## Charts

| Chart (2005) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Country (*Radio & Records*) | 24 |
| US Hot Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 23 |
| US Country Top 50 (*Radio & Records*) | 18 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2005) | Position |
| --- | --- |
| US Country Top 50 (*Radio & Records*) | 85 |

## Release history

Release dates and format(s) for "Delicious Surprise (I Believe It)"
| Region | Date | Format | Label(s) | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | June 20, 2005 | Country radio | Curb Records |  |

## InfoBox

| "Delicious Surprise" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Beth Hart | |
| from the album  *Screamin' for My Supper* | |
| Released | August 22, 2000 (2000-08-22) |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 3:48 |
| Label | Atlantic |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | * Beth Hart * Tal Herzberg * Oliver Leiber |
| Beth Hart singles chronology | |
| "LA Song (Out of This Town)"
(1999) "**Delicious Surprise**"
(2000) "Leave the Light On"
(2004) | |


title: Demajagua, Fajardo, Puerto Rico

abstract: Demajagua is a barrio in the municipality of Fajardo, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 1,430.

text:
# Demajagua, Fajardo, Puerto Rico

**Demajagua** is a barrio in the municipality of Fajardo, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 1,430.

## History

Demajagua was in Spain's gazetteers until Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became an unincorporated territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the combined population of Demajagua and Cabezas barrios was 1,168.

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1910 | 427 |  |  |
| 1920 | 407 |  | −4.7% |
| 1930 | 471 |  | 15.7% |
| 1940 | 472 |  | 0.2% |
| 1950 | 298 |  | −36.9% |
| 1960 | 271 |  | −9.1% |
| 1970 | 169 |  | −37.6% |
| 1980 | 113 |  | −33.1% |
| 1990 | 299 |  | 164.6% |
| 2000 | 1,094 |  | 265.9% |
| 2010 | 1,430 |  | 30.7% |
| U.S. Decennial Census
1900 (N/A) 1910-1930
1930-1950 1980-2000 2010 | | | |

## InfoBox

| Demajagua | |
| --- | --- |
| Barrio | |
| Location of Demajagua within the municipality of Fajardo shown in red | |
| DemajaguaLocation of Puerto Rico | |
| Coordinates: 18°17′15″N 65°39′19″W / 18.287582°N 65.65527°W / 18.287582; -65.65527 | |
| Commonwealth | Puerto Rico |
| Municipality | Fajardo |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.53 sq mi (4.0 km2) |
| Land | 1.33 sq mi (3.4 km2) |
| Water | 0.20 sq mi (0.5 km2) |
| Elevation | 89 ft (27 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 1,430 |
| Density | 1,075.2/sq mi (415.1/km2) |
|  | Source: 2010 Census |
| Time zone | UTC−4 (AST) |
| ZIP Code | 00738 |


title: Demain à Nanguila

abstract: Demain à Nanguila is a 1969 Malian film.

text:
# Demain à Nanguila

***Demain à Nanguila***  (or *Nanguila Tomorrow*) is a 1969 Malian film.

## Synopsis

*Nanguila Tomorrow* follows the steps of a young Malian man while illustrating the detrimental effects of rural exodus. The film also questions the government's decisions immediately after obtaining independence in its attempt to put a stop to the wave of people immigrating to the cities and to develop the country based on agriculture. A portrait of Mali in the 1960s by means of the nightlife in Bamako, the capital's monuments, and women bent under the weight of too many tasks, Nanguila Tomorrow is regarded as the first Malian film.

## InfoBox

| Demain à Nanguila (Nanguila Tomorrow) | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Joris Ivens |
| Screenplay by | Catherine Varlin |
| Produced by | Société Franco-Africaine de Cinéma |
| Starring | Sidibé Moussa |
| Cinematography | Louis Miaille Pierre Guéguen |
| Edited by | Gisèle Chézeau Hélène Arnal Suzanne Baron |
| Music by | Louis Bessières Sidibé Moussa |
| Release date | * 1969 (1969) |
| Running time | 50 minutes |
| Country | Mali |


title: Demaine, Saskatchewan

abstract: Demaine is a hamlet in the southwest Coteau Hills region of Saskatchewan, Canada.

text:
# Demaine, Saskatchewan

**Demaine** is a hamlet in the southwest Coteau Hills region of Saskatchewan, Canada.

## History

Demaine was named after Frank Demaine who settled in the region in the early 1900s with several other families.

## Geography

Demaine is in the Rural Municipality of Victory No. 226.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Demaine had a population of 20 living in 13 of its 17 total private dwellings, a change of -20% from its 2016 population of 25. With a land area of 0.29 km2 (0.11 sq mi), it had a population density of 69.0/km2 (178.6/sq mi) in 2021.

## InfoBox

| Demaine | |
| --- | --- |
| Hamlet | |
| DemaineLocation in Saskatchewan | |
| Coordinates: 50°53′29″N 107°15′37″W / 50.89139°N 107.26028°W / 50.89139; -107.26028 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Saskatchewan |
| Rural Municipality | Victory No. 226 |
| Settled | July 1908 |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Butch Erickson |
| Population (2006) | |
| Total | ~23 |
|  | Estimated as exact census data is not taken. |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Postal Code | S0L 0R0 |
| Area code | 306 |


title: Paul Bunyan and Babe the Blue Ox

abstract: Paul Bunyan and Babe the Blue Ox are the names of a pair of large statues of the American folk hero Paul Bunyan and his ox, located in Bemidji, Minnesota. This roadside attraction has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1988. Built in 1937 to attract attention of passing motorists, these are similar to such structures as the Benewah Milk Bottle, the Teapot Dome Service Station, or the comparably colossal Dinosaur Park sculptures in South Dakota. These were all built in a period of time when automobile travel became increasingly affordable and common. This pair of statues are said by the Kodak Company to be the "second most photographed statues in the United States", behind Mount Rushmore in South Dakota.

text:
# Paul Bunyan and Babe the Blue Ox

***Paul Bunyan* and *Babe the Blue Ox*** are the names of a pair of large statues of the American folk hero Paul Bunyan and his ox, located in Bemidji, Minnesota. This roadside attraction has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1988.

Built in 1937 to attract attention of passing motorists, these are similar to such structures as the Benewah Milk Bottle, the Teapot Dome Service Station, or the comparably colossal Dinosaur Park sculptures in South Dakota. These were all built in a period of time when automobile travel became increasingly affordable and common.

This pair of statues are said by the Kodak Company to be the "second most photographed statues in the United States", behind Mount Rushmore in South Dakota.

## History

The city of Bemidji is located in a vast woodland and lake region. As early as the 1890s, the town enjoyed a modest tourist trade. When rail connections were constructed to Bemidji in 1898, promoters began the development of lakeshore sites for cottages, hotels, and resorts. Most of these resorts catered to hunters and anglers. In the 1920s the rise in automobile usage and affordability contributed to a significant boom in Bemidji's tourist industry, but it suffered during the Great Depression. Enter Paul Bunyan and Babe the Blue Ox.

As a means of stimulating tourism in Bemidji, a number of local, civic organizations sponsored a winter carnival meant to promote the city's resources for winter sports. Due to Bemidji's once prominent status as a logging and lumbering center, the celebrations focused on Paul Bunyan, the larger-than life lumberjack who is an American folk hero.

On January 14, 1937 the carnival opened with Earl L. Grinols, Sr., elected as the carnival king. Two giant statues were unveiled at the event: one of Bunyan and the other of his giant blue ox, Babe; the pair were to serve as carnival mascots. Babe was brought into town on a Grinols Implement & Fuel Co. truck arranged so that its exhaust exited through Babe's nostrils. The statues were designed by Lennord L. Pitney of Park Rapids, Minnesota. Paul was built by Carl Aldal (1897–1966), a local cement man. Babe was built by N. Edward Johnson (1902 - 1999) who owned the Bemidji Boat Factory.

In March 2006, the Rotary Club of Bemidji raised $53,000; along with a $68,000 federal grant, the club undertook to repair some damage to the statues. The money was also allocated for use in maintenance, with the majority slated for stabilizing the ground beneath the statues, to lessen shifting in freezing temperatures. The work included repairing a 1-inch-wide (25 mm) crack in Babe from the neck to the hindquarters; this had continued to widen despite yearly fixes by the city with caulk and blue paint.

In October of 2013, local organizers ran the first Bemidji Blue Ox Marathon and planned the course to run past the statues.

## Dimensions

*Paul Bunyan* is approximately 18 feet (5.5 m) tall and measures 5 feet (1.5 m) across at his base. From toe to heel, *Paul Bunyan* measures 3 feet (0.91 m). *Babe the Blue Ox* is about 10 feet (3 m) tall and 8 feet (2.4 m) across at the front hooves. From nose to tail, Babe measures about 23 feet (7.0 m).

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| *Paul Bunyan* and *Babe the Blue Ox* | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Statues such as these served to attract passers-by in automobiles as cars gained popularity through the 1920s and 1930s. | |
|  | |
| Location | Third St. and Bemidji Ave.<br>Bemidji, Beltrami County, Minnesota |
| Coordinates | 47°28′13.6″N 94°52′44.1″W / 47.470444°N 94.878917°W / 47.470444; -94.878917 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1937 |
| Architect | Cyril M. Dickinson; Jim Payton |
| NRHP reference No. | 88000204 |
| Added to NRHP | March 10, 1988 |


title: Paul Geerts

abstract: Paul Geerts is a Flemish comics artist who succeeded Willy Vandersteen as the main artist of the Spike and Suzy series.

text:
# Paul Geerts

**Paul Geerts** (complete name **Paulus Josephus Coleta Geerts**) (born 16 May 1937) is a Flemish comics artist who succeeded Willy Vandersteen as the main artist of the Spike and Suzy series.

## Biography

Born in Turnhout, his parents moved to Antwerp a few years after his birth, looking for employment. He was taught drawing by his father and as a child entered the youth organisation Chiro Flanders. He later joined the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. After three and a half years of drawing lessons, he made the transition to the painting class. However, his father could not afford the painting materials. Geerts decided to quit the academy and to apply for a job with the experience he had.

At the age of sixteen Geerts went into military service, after which he found various jobs. He drew the comic strips *De Chirowietjes* and *De melkweglopers*, which appeared in a number of Chiro magazines in the mid-1960s.

Halfway through 1967 he decided without an appointment, with a self-drawn comic strip, to visit Willy Vandersteen in order to possibly get his dream job here. Vandersteen agreed and hired him, and Geerts started working in Studio Vandersteen in early 1968, a drawing team of 26 people at the time.

### Spike and Suzy

In 1971, after working in the drawing team for three years, Paul Geerts decided he would write his own comic strip for the German weekly Stern. Vandersteen, who had heard of his future plans, asked him if he would like to take over Spike and Suzy from him later on. Geerts agreed, and in 1972 he wrote his first screenplay for a Spike and Suzy story, *De gekke gokker*. He was the main artist of Spike and Suzy from 1971 until 2002.

## Bibliography

* Vaessen, Theo "Paul Geerts: Dertig jaar peetvader van Suske en Wiske", Standaard Uitgeverij, Uitgeverij Van Holleema en Warendorf, (2005) ISBN 9002219474 (in Flanders), ISBN 9077692215 (in the Netherlands).

## InfoBox

| Paul Geerts | |
| --- | --- |
| Vandersteen & Geerts (1985) | |
| Born | Paulus Josephus Coleta Geerts
(1937-05-16) 16 May 1937
Turnhout, Belgium |
| Nationality | Belgian |
| Area(s) | Writer, Artist |
| Notable works | Spike and Suzy |
| Awards | full list |


title: Paul Irwin

abstract: Dr. Paul G. Irwin is the current president and CEO of Elephants in Crisis, former president of the American Bible Society and former host of American Bible Society Presents. Prior to that, he was president of the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) between 1975 and 2004. Irwin is an ordained minister of the United Methodist Church and taught for six years at the Boston University School of Theology.

text:
# Paul Irwin

Dr. **Paul G. Irwin** is the current president and CEO of Elephants in Crisis, former president of the American Bible Society (2005 – June 2008) and former host of *American Bible Society Presents*. Prior to that, he was president of the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) between 1975 and 2004.

Irwin is an ordained minister of the United Methodist Church and taught for six years at the Boston University School of Theology.

## Controversy

In 1996, the Humane Society of Canada (as an affiliate of HSUS) filed a lawsuit alleging that Irwin and other HSUS officials transferred $1 million from their account to HSUS without authorization. They also alleged HSUS "took its donor list, and overcharged for administrative costs." In January 1997, a Canadian judge ruled in favor of the Humane Society of Canada, writing: "I cannot imagine a more glaring conflict of interest or a more egregious breach of fiduciary duty. It demonstrates an overweening arrogance of a type seldom seen."

Irwin's tenure as president at the American Bible Society (ABS) ended after his contract was not renewed by the organization's trustees. He was placed on paid leave (along with chief financial officer Richard B. Stewart, Jr.) after an article in *The New York Times* linked him with Richard J. Gordon, a web consultant hired by ABS, who was a convicted felon with ties to online pornography and gambling enterprises. At that time, it was revealed by USA Today that, while president of the Humane Society, Irwin used $85,000 of Humane Society money for renovate a home in Maine in 1987. In April 2003, the Humane Society paid $881,000 to Gordon's Exciting New Technologies (ENT) company; ENT hired Irwin's son (Christopher) as director of business development. As president of ABS, Irwin hired Exciting New Technologies again, paying the company more than $5,000,000 for Web design, e-mail marketing, and digitizing the Bible.

## Works

*Losing Paradise: The Growing Threat to Our Animals, Our Environment, and Ourselves* (2000) Garden City Park, NY: Square One Publishers, ISBN 0-7570-0003-7.

1. "Dr. Paul Irwin". Elephants in Crisis. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
2. "Bible TV show expands on satellite". religionandspirituality.com. 19 October 2007.
3. "Paul Irwin". *HumaneWatch*. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
4. "Paul Irwin". Center for Consumer Freedom. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
5. Brad Stone (18 May 2008). "An E-Commerce Empire, From Porn to Puppies". *The New York Times*.
6. Madison Trammel (9 June 2008). "Bible Society Drops President". Christianity Today. Archived from the original on 28 September 2012.
7. Tony Carnes (23 May 2008). "American Bible Society Seeks Revelations". Christianity Today.
8. "United States of America, Plaintiff-appellee, v. Richard J. Gordon, Defendant-appellant, 655 F.2d 478 (2d Cir. 1981)". *Justia Law*. Retrieved 2019-04-17.
9. "ABS Board Fires its CEO Following a New York Times Expose" (PDF). Ministry Watch. June 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-05.
10. Rusty Leonard; Warren Cole Smith (14 June 2008). "Problems at the top?". World News Group.
11. *Losing paradise*. Open Library. OL 24764930M.


title: Delta blues

abstract: Delta blues is one of the earliest-known styles of blues. It originated in the Mississippi Delta and is regarded as a regional variant of country blues. Guitar and harmonica are its dominant instruments; slide guitar is a hallmark of the style. Vocal styles in Delta blues range from introspective and soulful to passionate and fiery.

text:
# Delta blues

**Delta blues** is one of the earliest-known styles of blues. It originated in the Mississippi Delta and is regarded as a regional variant of country blues. Guitar and harmonica are its dominant instruments; slide guitar is a hallmark of the style. Vocal styles in Delta blues range from introspective and soulful to passionate and fiery.

## Origin

Although Delta blues certainly existed in some form or another at the turn of the twentieth century, it was first recorded in the late 1920s, when record companies realized the potential African-American market for "race records". The major labels produced the earliest recordings, consisting mostly of one person singing and playing an instrument. Live performances, however, more commonly involved a group of musicians. Record company talent scouts made some of the early recordings on field trips to the South, and some performers were invited to travel to northern cities to record. Current research suggests that Freddie Spruell is the first Delta blues artist to have been recorded; his "Milk Cow Blues" was recorded in Chicago in June 1926. According to Dixon and Godrich (1981), Tommy Johnson and Ishmon Bracey were recorded by Victor on that company's second field trip to Memphis, in 1928. Robert Wilkins was first recorded by Victor in Memphis in 1928, and Big Joe Williams and Garfield Akers by Brunswick/Vocalion, also in Memphis, in 1929.

Charley Patton recorded for Paramount in Grafton, in June 1929 and May 1930. He also traveled to New York City for recording sessions in January and February 1934.

Son House first recorded in Grafton, Wisconsin, in 1930 for Paramount Records.

Robert Johnson recorded his only sessions, in San Antonio in 1936 and in Dallas in 1937, for ARC. Many other artists were recorded during this period.

Subsequently, the early Delta blues (as well as other genres) were extensively recorded by John Lomax and his son Alan Lomax, who crisscrossed the southern U.S. recording music played and sung by ordinary people, helping establish the canon of genres known today as American folk music. Their recordings, numbering in the thousands, now reside in the Smithsonian Institution. According to Dixon and Godrich (1981) and Leadbitter and Slaven (1968), Alan Lomax and the Library of Congress researchers did not record any Delta bluesmen or blueswomen prior to 1941, when he recorded Son House and Willie Brown near Lake Cormorant, Mississippi, and Muddy Waters at Stovall, Mississippi. However, among others, John and Alan Lomax recorded Lead Belly in 1933, and Bukka White in 1939.

## Female performers

In big-city blues, female singers such as Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Mamie Smith dominated the recordings of the 1920s. Although very few women were recorded playing Delta blues and other rural or folk-style blues, many performers did not get professionally recorded.

Geeshie Wiley was a blues singer and guitar player who recorded six songs for Paramount Records that were issued on three records in April 1930. According to the blues historian Don Kent, Wiley "may well have been the rural South's greatest female blues singer and musician".

L. V. Thomas, better known as Elvie Thomas, was a blues singer and guitarist from Houston, Texas, who recorded with Geeshie Wiley.

Memphis Minnie was a blues guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter whose recording career lasted for more than three decades. She recorded approximately 200 songs, some of the best known being "Bumble Bee", "Nothing in Rambling", and "Me and My Chauffeur Blues".

Bertha Lee was a blues singer, active in the 1920s and 1930s. She recorded with and was the common-law wife of, Charley Patton.

Rosa Lee Hill, daughter of Sid Hemphill, learned guitar from her father and by the time she was ten, was playing at dances with him. Several of her songs, such as "Rolled and Tumbled", were recorded by Alan Lomax between 1959 and 1960. In the late 1960s, Jo Ann Kelly (UK) started her recording career. In the 1970s, Bonnie Raitt and Phoebe Snow performed blues.

Bonnie Raitt, Susan Tedeschi and Rory Block are contemporary female blues artists, who were influenced by Delta blues and learned from some of the most notable of the original artists still living. Sue Foley and Shannon Curfman also performed blues music.

## Influence

Many Delta blues artists, such as Big Joe Williams, moved to Detroit and Chicago, creating a pop-influenced city blues style. This was displaced by the new Chicago blues sound in the early 1950s, pioneered by Delta bluesmen Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, and Little Walter, that was harking back to a Delta-influenced sound, but with amplified instruments.

Delta blues was also an inspiration for the creation of British skiffle music, from which eventually came the British invasion bands, while simultaneously influencing British blues that led to the birth of early hard rock and heavy metal.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox


title: Paul Robinson (American football)

abstract: Paul Harvey Robinson is an American former professional football player who was a running back for two seasons in the American Football League (AFL) and four seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Arizona Wildcats.

text:
# Paul Robinson (American football)

**Paul Harvey Robinson** (born December 19, 1944) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for two seasons in the American Football League (AFL) and four seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Arizona Wildcats.

## Early life

Robinson was one of 12 children of Leslie Robinson Sr. (1907–1987) and Levada Mallard Robinson (1909–1956), both of Crockett, Texas, who were married in 1926. In 1951, the family moved to Marana, Arizona where Leslie worked as a farm contractor. Paul attended Marana High School, where he played basketball and football, but he especially excelled at track.

He graduated from high school in 1963 and attended Eastern Arizona College, a community college in Thatcher, Arizona. He then received a track scholarship to the University of Arizona and ran track for two years for the Wildcats. But when his track scholarship ended, Robinson turned to football out of necessity for one season, becoming the team's #2 running back his senior year.

## Professional football career

Robinson was chosen in the third round (82nd overall) of the 1968 NFL/AFL Draft by the Cincinnati Bengals.

In his first year as a professional, he gained 1,023 yards rushing to lead the league and scored eight touchdowns. He also caught 24 passes for 128 yards and one touchdown. He was the second man to gain over 1,000 yards in his first year in professional football in the U.S., the first being Cookie Gilchrist. Robinson is the only running back in professional football history to gain over 1,000 yards in a season for a first-year expansion team.

He was the 1968 United Press International and *Sporting News* AFL Rookie of the Year and finished second in the MVP voting to Joe Namath. He was named to the 1968 and 1969 AFL All-Star Team and led the 1968 Western AFL All-Star team to victory over the Eastern All-Stars.

He also scored the first-ever Bengals regular-season touchdown on September 6, 1968. His two-yard run gave the Bengals a 7–0 lead over the San Diego Chargers at San Diego, although the Bengals lost 29–13.

In his second season, 1969, he gained 489 yards in 160 attempts for a 3.1 yards-per-carry average and four touchdowns. He rebounded his third season, 1970, for 622 yards in 149 attempts for a 4.2 average and six touchdowns.

In 1971, he gained 213 yards on 49 carries for a 4.3 average with one touchdown.

In 1972, in four games with the Bengals, he gained 94 yards in 21 attempts, a 4.5 average. On October 24, 1972, he was traded along with running back Fred Willis to the Houston Oilers for wide receiver Charlie Joiner and linebacker Ron Pritchard. For the Oilers, he played in eight games, gaining 355 yards on 86 attempts for a 4.1 average and three touchdowns.

His final year in the NFL was 1973 for the Oilers, when he gained 151 yards on 34 attempts for a 4.4 average and two touchdowns.

For his career, he gained 2,947 yards on 737 carries for a 4.0 average with 24 touchdowns. He caught 90 passes for 612 yards (a 6.8 average) for two touchdowns. He returned 40 kicks for 924 yards, a 23.1 average, and he returned two punts for one yard.

In 1974, he played for the Birmingham Americans of the World Football League, where he helped the Americans win the WFL’s only championship game before the team folded during the offseason.

## Personal life

Paul Robinson was married to the late Arlene (Hines) Robinson. They had three daughters and also a son, Paul Harvey "PJ" Robinson Jr., who died in 2009. Paul is also the granduncle of Atlanta Falcons running back Bijan Robinson. He currently resides in Safford, Arizona.

## InfoBox

Paul Harvey Robinson
| No. 18 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Running back |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1944-12-19) December 19, 1944<br>Tucson, Arizona, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) |
| Weight: | 198 lb (90 kg) |
| Career information | |
| College: | Arizona |
| NFL draft: | 1968 / round: 3 / pick: 82 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Rushing yards: 2,947  Rushing average: 4.0  Rushing touchdowns: 24 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Paul Grabowsky Trio

abstract: Paul Grabowsky Trio were an Australian jazz ensemble founded in 1983 by Paul Grabowsky on piano. By 1989 he was joined by Allan Browne on drums and Gary Costello on double bass. They won Best Jazz Album for Six by Three (1989) at the ARIA Music Awards of 1990 and for When Words Fail (1995) in 1996. The trio disbanded in 2001. Gary Costello died in December 2006, aged 54; Browne died in June 2015, aged 70.

text:
# Paul Grabowsky Trio

**Paul Grabowsky Trio** were an Australian jazz ensemble founded in 1983 by Paul Grabowsky on piano. By 1989 he was joined by Allan Browne on drums and Gary Costello on double bass. They won Best Jazz Album for *Six by Three* (1989) at the ARIA Music Awards of 1990 and for *When Words Fail* (1995) in 1996. The trio disbanded in 2001. Gary Costello died in December 2006, aged 54; Browne died in June 2015, aged 70.

## History

Paul Grabowsky on piano formed his eponymous trio in 1983 in Melbourne. By 1986 Grabowsky was in Germany and was joined by Joachim "Rocky" Knauer on double bass and Sunk Pöschl on drums. They released their debut album, *Contact Sport Midnight Waltz*, in that year. It was co-produced by Grabowsky and Pöschl. In 1989 a new trio with Allan Browne on drums (ex-the Red Onion Jazz Band) and Gary Costello on double bass, issued the second album, *Six by Three*. It won the Best Jazz Album at the ARIA Music Awards of 1990.

The trio's third album *When Words Fail* was released in April 1995, via Origin Recordings. It also won the ARIA Award for Best Jazz Album, at the ARIA Music Awards of 1996. In 1997 the trio were co-credited with Shelley Scown on the album, *Angel*. Browne left the ensemble in 1998 and was replaced by Nikolaus Schäuble on drums for their next album, *Three* (November 2000) (a.k.a. *PG3*). It was nominated for Best Jazz Album in 2001.

Gary Costello died in December 2006, aged 54. Allan Browne died in June 2015, aged 70.

## Members

## Discography

List of albums
| Title | Album details |
| --- | --- |
| *Contact Sport Midnight Waltz* | * Released: 1986 * Label: Paul Grabowsky * Formats: 12" Vinyl |
| *Six by Three* | * Released: 1989 * Label: Spiral Scratch (0001) * Formats: 12" Vinyl |
| *When Words Fail* | * Released: April 1995 * Label: ORIGiN (OR 010) * Formats: CD |
| *Angel* <br>(Shelley Scown with Paul Grabowsky Trio) | * Released: March 1997 * Label: ORIGiN (OR 025 ) * Formats: CD, Digital download |
| *Three*  (a.k.a. *PG3*) | * Released: November 2000 * Label: ORIGiN * Formats: CD, Digital download |
|

## ARIA Music Awards

The ARIA Music Awards are annual awards, which recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. They commenced in 1987. Paul Grabowsky Trio have won two awards from four nominations.

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1990 | *Six By Three* | Best Jazz Album | Won |  |
| 1996 | *When Words Fail* | | Won |  |
| 1998 | *Angel*  (with Shelley Scown) | | Nominated |  |
| 2001 | *Three* | | Nominated |  |

* Note: For awards and nominations for Paul Grabowsky, see his solo article.

## InfoBox

| Paul Grabowsky Trio | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| Genres | Jazz |
| Years active | 1983-2001 |
| Labels | OriGin |
|  | |
| Past members |  |


title: Delaware State News

abstract: Delaware State News is an American daily newspaper published in Dover, Delaware. It is owned by Independent Newsmedia Inc. USA and prints seven days a week. It bills itself as "The Capital Daily" and "downstate Delaware's dominant daily newspaper", primarily covering Dover and the state's two southern counties, Kent and Sussex. It is one of two dailies based in the state of Delaware; the other is The News Journal in New Castle County, at the state's northern end.

text:
# Delaware State News

***Delaware State News*** is an American daily newspaper published in Dover, Delaware. It is owned by Independent Newsmedia Inc. USA and prints seven days a week.

It bills itself as "The Capital Daily" and "downstate Delaware's dominant daily newspaper", primarily covering Dover and the state's two southern counties, Kent and Sussex. It is one of two dailies based in the state of Delaware; the other is *The News Journal* in New Castle County, at the state's northern end.

## History

The *Delaware State News* debuted as a four-page weekly newspaper in Dover in May 1902. Thirty years later, the paper said it aimed to deliver "a live, readable newspaper at all times. While Democratic in politics, we shall not swerve from our policy of many years' standing to maintain an independent attitude at all times. ..."

The paper was founded by Robert H. Wilson, who owned it from May 24, 1902, to June 28, 1908. He sold it to James C. Wickes, who owned it until his death August 1, 1945.

Wickes, who had cut his teeth in journalism as a printer's devil at a previous Dover paper in the early 1880s, was on the inaugural staff of the *Delaware State News*. Under his leadership, the paper championed the progressive politics of the day. He supported Woodrow Wilson and, in a series of editorials, was the first Delaware publisher to push for the presidential nomination of Franklin D. Roosevelt. He was affectionately known as the dean of Delaware publishers and as "Colonel Jim", having been appointed a Kentucky Colonel in 1935.

George Willets Parker purchased the paper from Wickes' estate in January 1946, then sold it half a year later to J. Hampton Barnes Jr.

Bernard "Jack" Smyth, a newspaper owner in Renovo, Pennsylvania, purchased the *Delaware State News* and a competing weekly in 1953 for $40,000 (equivalent to $455,522 in 2023), with the intention of turning it into a daily newspaper, after learning that Dover was the only state capital without one. The *Delaware State News* became the first daily newspaper in Delaware outside of Wilmington, starting with its edition of September 14, 1953.

Smyth moved to Arizona for health reasons in 1969, selling the paper to his children. His son Joe Smyth bought out his siblings' shares in the 1970s, establishing Independent Newspapers Inc. and expanding his holdings into Arizona and Florida. In 1991, he transferred ownership of the company to a nonprofit trust, INI Holdings Inc., to ensure that the papers remain independent.

In May 1997, the *Delaware State News* announced it would merge with the *Daily Whale* of Lewes, Delaware. The Lewes paper had been purchased by Independent Newspapers in March 1996.

Independent Newspapers Inc. changed its name to Independent Newsmedia Inc. USA in 2011.

## Sister papers

The *Delaware State News* is the East Coast flagship publication of Independent Newsmedia Inc. USA, a company founded by the Smyth family and now owned by a nonprofit trust. The company owns newspapers in Arizona, Delaware, Florida and Maryland, including the *Daily Independent* of Sun City, Arizona.

The Dover newsroom publishes four monthly community papers covering specific cities and regions in Delaware:

Independent Newsmedia also owns three weekly newspapers nearby on the Delmarva Peninsula:

## InfoBox

Delaware State News
| Type | Daily newspaper |
| --- | --- |
| Format | Tabloid |
| Owner(s) | Independent Newsmedia Inc. USA |
| President | Charlene Bisson, President & CEO |
| Editor-in-chief | Andrew West |
| Founded | May 24, 1902 (1902-05-24) |
| Headquarters | 110 Galaxy Drive,
Dover, Delaware 19901, United States |
| Circulation | 9,000 Daily (digital and print)
13,000 Sunday (digital and print) (as of 2023) |
| ISSN | 0745-8096 |
| Website | baytobaynews.com |


abstract: The Delaware Student Excellence Equals Degree Program Scholarship is intended to provide free college tuition to Delaware residents seeking to earn an Associate degree at in-state colleges Delaware Tech and the University of Delaware. Any Delaware high school graduate after 2006 is eligible to apply given certain criteria.

text:
# Delaware Student Excellence Equals Degree Program Scholarship

The **Delaware Student Excellence Equals Degree Program Scholarship** (**Delaware SEED Scholarship**) is intended to provide free college tuition to Delaware residents seeking to earn an Associate degree at in-state colleges Delaware Tech and the University of Delaware. Any Delaware high school graduate after 2006 is eligible to apply given certain criteria.

## Criteria

The criteria to be awarded are:

1. Must be a resident of Delaware and planning/are to be a full time student.
2. Must not have been convicted of any felony.
3. Have already applied for other forms of financial aid.
4. Must have graduated from a Delaware High School and have obtained a 2.5 GPA in high school (on a 4.0 scale).
    * The student must maintain at least a 2.5 GPA throughout college as well.
5. Gain admission to Delaware Tech or the University of Delaware and satisfy their respective admissions standards.
    * A Delaware Tech student is not eligible for the scholarship if they've been admitted "by special admission standards."
6. Must attend college classes no later than the fall semester after high school.
7. Must be eligible for the scholarship under their admitted colleges implemented criteria.

If the student lived in foster care while 16 - 18 years old, points 4 and 6 do not apply. In this case the student must have started their Associates degree before the age of 25 and take no more than 5 years to obtain it.

In order to maintain eligibility and funding for the scholarship, a student must:

1. Earn at least 24 credits as a full time student per year.
    * This requirement has been waived due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
    * If the student has lived in foster care while 16 - 18 years old, this requirement does not apply.
2. Maintain continuous enrollment of at least 2 semesters per year.
    * The college may grant an exception and waive this requirement.
3. Maintain a college GPA of at least 2.5.
    * The college may grant an exception and waive this requirement.
4. The student’s family must certify that the student has not been convicted of a felony.


title: Pogonocherus ressli

abstract: Pogonocherus ressli is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Holzschuh in 1977. It is known from Iran and Azerbaijan.

text:
# Pogonocherus ressli

***Pogonocherus ressli*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Holzschuh in 1977. It is known from Iran and Azerbaijan.

## InfoBox

| *Pogonocherus ressli* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Tribe: | Pogonocherini |
| Genus: | *Pogonocherus* |
| Species: | ***P. ressli*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pogonocherus ressli***<br>Holzschuh, 1977 | |
|


title: TPC Tampa Bay

abstract: TPC Tampa Bay is an 18-hole golf course located in Lutz, Florida. Opened in 1991, TPC Tampa Bay was designed by Bobby Weed in consultation with tour professional Chi Chi Rodriguez and is part of the Tournament Players Club network operated by the PGA Tour. In February 2008, the facility was sold to the Heritage Golf Group, but retained its TPC branding under a licensing agreement.

text:
# TPC Tampa Bay

**TPC Tampa Bay** is an 18-hole golf course located in Lutz, Florida.

Opened in 1991, TPC Tampa Bay was designed by Bobby Weed in consultation with tour professional Chi Chi Rodriguez and is part of the Tournament Players Club network operated by the PGA Tour. In February 2008, the facility was sold to the Heritage Golf Group, but retained its TPC branding under a licensing agreement.

## Golf

TPC Tampa Bay was the venue for the annual Encompass Insurance Pro-Am of Tampa Bay, an event on the Champions Tour. TPC Tampa Bay has won numerous awards and continues to garner praise and rave reviews. 2016 Justin Wink - West Central PGA Chapter Merchandiser of the Year - *PGA of America* 2016 Justin Wink - North Florida PGA Chapter Merchandiser of the Year - *PGA of America* 2014 Top 50 Public Ranges - *Golf Range Magazine* 2012 100 Best Golf Shops - *GolfWorld* 2011 Justin Wink - West Central PGA Chapter Merchandiser of the Year - *PGA of America* 2011 100 Best Golf Shops - *GolfWorld* 2009 Readers Choice Awards (#13) *GolfWorld Magazine's Readers Choice Poll.*

2005 - 2008 Environmental Leadership in Golf Award *\- Golf Digest and the GCSAA*

## Cuisine

In 2015, TPC Tampa Bay opened up a new modern restaurant called ¡CUATRO. The inspiration for ¡CUATRO not only came from the word "Fore!" shouted across the TPC Tampa Bay golf course (which provides the restaurant's lush backdrop), but also from the four culinary influences Chefs Michael Toscano and Wes Morton bring from their own family tables: Mexican, Italian, Cajun and American home cooking. Chef Michael Toscano has been recognized as a James Beard "Rising Star Chef" Semi-Finalist and winner of the StarChefs.com "New York Rising Stars Award". ¡CUATRO is open to the public 7 days a week for breakfast, lunch, and dinner.

## InfoBox

TPC Tampa Bay
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Club information | |
| Location | Lutz, Florida, United States |
| Established | 1991 |
| Type | Public |
| Owned by | Heritage Golf Group |
| Operated by | Heritage Golf Group |
| Total holes | 18 |
| Events hosted | Encompass Insurance Pro-Am of Tampa Bay |
| Website | www.tpctampabay.com |
|  | |
| Designed by | Bobby Weed, Chi Chi Rodriguez |
| Par | 71 |
| Length | 6,898 yards |
|  | |