title: Dixon's leaf-toed gecko

abstract: Dixon's leaf-toed gecko is a species of lizard in the family Phyllodactylidae. The species is endemic to Venezuela.

text:
# Dixon's leaf-toed gecko

**Dixon's leaf-toed gecko** (***Phyllodactylus dixoni***) is a species of lizard in the family Phyllodactylidae. The species is endemic to Venezuela.

## Etymology

The specific name, *dixoni*, is in honor of American herpetologist James R. Dixon.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of *P. dixoni* is rocky areas, at an altitude of 40 m (130 ft).

## Reproduction

*P. dixoni* is oviparous.

## Further reading

* Rivas GA, Molina CR, Ugueto GN, Barros TR, Barrio-Amorós CL, Kok PJR (2012). "Reptiles of Venezuela: an updated and commented checklist". *Zootaxa* **3211**: 1–64. (*Phyllodactylus dixoni*, p. 13). (in English, with an sbstract in Spanish).
* Rivero-Blanco C, Lancini AR (1968). "Phyllodactylus dixoni: *Una nueva especie de lagarto (Sauria: Gekkoninae) de Venezuela*". *Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle* **27**: 168–175. (*Phyllodactylus dixoni*, new species). (in Spanish, with an abstract in English).
* Rösler H (2000). "*Kommentierte Liste der rezent, subrezent und fossil bekannten Geckotaxa (Reptilia: Gekkonomorpha)*". *Gekkota* **2**: 28–153. (*Phyllodactylus dixoni*, p. 104). (in German).

## InfoBox

| Dixon's leaf-toed gecko | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Phyllodactylidae |
| Genus: | *Phyllodactylus* |
| Species: | ***P. dixoni*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phyllodactylus dixoni***
Rivero-Blanco & Lancini, 1968 | |
|


title: Divertimento for String Trio (Mozart)

abstract: The Divertimento in E♭ major, K. 563, is a string trio, written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1788, the year in which he completed his last three symphonies and his "Coronation" Piano Concerto. It is his last divertimento and different from his other divertimenti not only in its instrumentation but also in its compositorial ambition and scope. The work was completed in Vienna on 27 September 1788 and is dedicated to Michael von Puchberg, a friend and fellow Freemason, who lent money to Mozart. The premiere was in Dresden on April 13, 1789, with Anton Teyber taking the violin part, Mozart playing viola and Antonín Kraft playing cello. At the time Mozart was conducting a tour of German cities, on his way to Berlin.

text:
# Divertimento for String Trio (Mozart)

The **Divertimento in E major**, K. 563, is a string trio, written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1788, the year in which he completed his last three symphonies (nos. 39–41) and his "Coronation" Piano Concerto. It is his last divertimento and different from his other divertimenti not only in its instrumentation but also in its compositorial ambition and scope.

The work was completed in Vienna on 27 September 1788 and is dedicated to Michael von Puchberg, a friend and fellow Freemason, who lent money to Mozart. The premiere was in Dresden on April 13, 1789, with Anton Teyber taking the violin part, Mozart playing viola and Antonín Kraft playing cello. At the time Mozart was conducting a tour of German cities, on his way to Berlin (see Mozart's Berlin journey).

## Movements

The work is in six movements:

1. Allegro (E major, sonata form, **4**
**4**)
2. Adagio (A major, sonata form, **3**
**4**)
3. Menuetto (Allegretto) – Trio (E major, ternary form, **3**
**4**)
4. Andante (B major, theme and 7 variations "intertwined", **2**
**4**) The first 8 measures are the first phrase of the theme; the next 8 are first phrase of Variation 1; mm. 17–32 give the conclusion of the theme; and mm. 33–48 the conclusion of Variation 1. This pattern of treating the Variations in pairs continues with Variations 2 and 3 in mm. 49–96 and Variations 4 and 5 in mm. 97–144. The 6th variation, in B minor, is contrapuntal and chromatic, and the 7th returns us triumphantly to B major, with the skeleton of the theme in the viola. This last variation melts seamlessly into a very brief coda which concludes the movement.
5. Menuetto (Allegretto) – Trio I – Trio II (E major, rondo form, with the first trio in A major and the second trio in B major, **3**
**4**)
6. Allegro (E major, sonata rondo form, **6**
**8**)

Recorded performances of the Divertimento range from 41 to 50 minutes.

## Critical reception

As Alfred Einstein wrote in *Mozart: His Character, His Work* (and as excerpted in the notes to a Kennedy Center performance), Mozart's only completed string trio shares with most divertimenti this six-movement format, but from that no lightness of tone should be understood – rather, "it is a true chamber-music work, and grew to such large proportions only because it was intended to offer ... something special in the way of art, invention, and good spirits. ... Each instrument is *primus inter pares*, every note is significant, every note is a contribution to spiritual and sensuous fulfilment in sound." Einstein called it "one of his noblest works".

Early performances of the work, however, were greeted with less enthusiasm. Tully Potter, in his notes to a recording, reports that when the Philharmonic String Trio of London performed the work in 1936, "that pompous old Wagnerian Ernest Newman reported that 'the work is over-long, and some of it mere music-spinning of the conventional eighteenth-century type'. He did, however, concede that 'the Adagio is an impressive piece of work'". However, Potter also reports that when members of the Busch Quartet performed it in Basel in 1931, the painter Alfred Heinrich Pellegrini was so impressed that he made a painting of the performance.

Mozart's Divertimento in E major is "one of a kind", according to the notes to an Emerson String Quartet performance. However, it is not the first work written for string trio; for example Wenzel Pichl published six trios for violin, viola and cello written at least five years earlier.


title: Divertimento in G major

abstract: The Divertimento in G major, Hob. XVI/8, L. 1, was written in 1766 by Joseph Haydn.

text:
# Divertimento in G major

The **Divertimento in G major**, Hob. XVI/8, L. 1, was written in 1766 by Joseph Haydn.

## History

The keyboard divertimento resembles the sonata, but its purpose was more for entertainment. Haydn’s divertimentos tend to have three movements in a quick-slow-quick form, but the 18th century divertimento can have up to nine movements. The opening and closing allegro movements are usually in sonata form and are characteristically galant. Georg Feder groups this divertimento with nine others, calling them, “Nine small early sonatas.” Feder believes Haydn wrote them for his students or amateurs, as they are not technically challenging.

In a letter from Haydn to the Prince Nikolaus Esterházy on December 6, 1766, Haydn references six new divertimenti that he had composed. This divertimento, seeing as it is classified by Landon as Divertimento No. 1, might be among the divertimenti that he is referencing:

*“The most joyous Name Feast (which, Your Highness, with the grace of God, may spend in most complete fortune and felicity) obliged me most duly…to deliver to Him, in all humbleness, 6 new divertimenti…. Furthermore, I received the high order to have the divertimenti composed by me (twelve pieces in all) bound. but since Your Highness had returned to me some of them to be changed and I did not annotate those changes into my score, I ask you most obediently to let come to me the first 12 pieces only for the duration of three days, thereafter also the others, one by one, so that everything, including the changes, could be copied well and correctly, and bound.”*

## Structure

The work has four movements:

The piece is scored for harpsichord. The first movement is an abbreviated sonata form in 2/4 time, and is 44 measures long. It follows the pattern of modulation from tonic to dominant in the first section, with a ten bar central section before the recapitulation of the original material in G major. The movement is lively and has a two-voice texture. It presents rhythmic challenges such as triplets surrounded by duplets and off-beat patterns, and also features contrapuntal lines and sixteenth note triplets. The second movement is a minuet without the trio, in standard 3/4 time, and is a brief 16 measures in length. It has rhythmic complexity; in the first four measures half notes, quarter notes, eighth notes, eighth note triplets and sixteenth notes are all encountered. The third movement is a short, 9 measure andante in common time, where the first half of the piece is composed of four bars which are repeated once, and the second half comprises five bars which are also repeated. It is melodic and well balanced and also features contrapuntal lines. The allegro finale is in 3/8 time and is 24 measures long. It is also composed of two halves, which are both repeated once. It is described as a fast and jocund movement, and is a good study in finger independence and facility. It features broken interval figuration, octaves, and both sustained and moving notes.

* Anderson, Keith. Liner notes to *HAYDN: Piano Sonatas Vol. 10, Nos. 1-10*. Jenoe Jandó. Naxos 8.553824. CD. 2001.
* Beghin, Tom. "Thoughts on performing Haydn’s keyboard sonatas." In *The Cambridge Companion to Haydn*, edited by Caryl Clark, 214. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
* Maxwell, Carolyn. “Sonatas." In *Haydn, Solo Piano Literature: A Comprehensive Guide, Annotated and Evaluated with Thematics*, edited by Carolyn Maxwell, Charles Shadle and Christine Armstrong, 26. Boulder, Colorado: Maxwell Music Evaluation, 1983.
* Price, Jane Bostian. "Authenticity, Chronology, Source Studies." In *Haydn studies*, edited by Jens Peter Larsen, Howard Serwer and James Webster, 135. NY: Norton, 1981.
* Thompson, Wendy and Nicholas Temperley. "divertimento." *The Oxford Companion to Music. Oxford Music Online.* Oxford University Press, accessed March 17, 2013. http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/opr/t114/e1990.
* Unverricht, Hubert and Cliff Eisen. "Divertimento." *Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online.* Oxford University Press, accessed March 17, 2013. http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/07864.


title: Disonycha admirabila

abstract: Disonycha admirabila is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Disonycha admirabila

***Disonycha admirabila*** is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Disonycha admirabila* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Chrysomelidae |
| Genus: | *Disonycha* |
| Species: | ***D. admirabila*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Disonycha admirabila***<br>Blatchley, 1924 | |
|


title: The Last Days of Judas Iscariot

abstract: The Last Days of Judas Iscariot is a play by American playwright Stephen Adly Guirgis first staged Off-Broadway at The Public Theater on March 2, 2005, directed by Philip Seymour Hoffman.

text:
# The Last Days of Judas Iscariot

***The Last Days of Judas Iscariot*** is a play by American playwright Stephen Adly Guirgis first staged Off-Broadway at The Public Theater on March 2, 2005, directed by Philip Seymour Hoffman.

## Plot summary

*The Last Days of Judas Iscariot* tells the story of a court case over the ultimate fate of Judas Iscariot. The play uses flashbacks to an imagined childhood and lawyers who call for the testimonies of such witnesses as Mother Teresa, Caiaphas, Saint Monica, Sigmund Freud, and Satan.

## Productions

### Off-Broadway

The original production premiered Off-Broadway in a Labyrinth Theatre Company production at the Public Theatre on March 2, 2005, and closed on April 3, 2005. Directed by Philip Seymour Hoffman, the cast included Eric Bogosian (Satan), Liza Colón-Zayas (Gloria/Mother Teresa/Ensemble), Jeffrey DeMunn (Judge Littlefield/Caiaphas the Elder/St. Matthew), Yetta Gottesman (Loretta/Mary Magdalene/Ensemble), Craig muMs Grant (Matthias of Galilee/Delayne/St. Peter/Soldier 2/Ensemble), Stephen McKinley Henderson (Pontius Pilate/Uncle Pino), Salvatore Inzerillo (Bailiff/Simon the Zealot/Ensemble), Adrian Martinez (Boaz the Assyrian Thief/Sigmund Freud/St. Thomas/Soldier 1), John Ortiz (Jesus of Nazareth), Sam Rockwell (Judas Iscariot), Elizabeth Rodriguez (Saint Monica/Soldier 3/Ensemble), Deborah Rush (Henrietta Iscariot/Sister Glenna/Ensemble), Kohl Sudduth (Butch Honeywell, Ensemble), Callie Thorne (Fabiana Aziza Cunningham), and Yul Vázquez (Yusef El-Fayoumy). It was designed by Andromache Chalfant. James Martin served as a theological adviser.

### London

The original London/European Premiere was at the Almeida Theatre, and was directed by Rupert Goold, and it ran from 28 March to 10 May 2008. The cast included (in order of appearance) Amanda Boxer (Henrietta Iscariot), Doña Croll (Gloria/Mother Teresa), Corey Johnson (Judge/Saint Peter), John Macmillan (Bailiff/Simon the Zealot), Susan Lynch (Fabiana Aziza Cunningham), Mark Lockyer (Yusef El-Fayoumy), Jessika Williams (St Monica), Poppy Miller (Loretta/Sister Glenna/Mary Magdalene), Ron Cephas Jones (Uncle Pino/Pontius Pilate), Shane Attwooll (Butch Honeywell), Joseph Mawle (Judas Iscariot), Josh Cohen (Matthias of Galilee/Freud/St Thomas), Gawn Grainger (St Matthew/Caiaphas the Elder), Douglas Henshall (Satan) and Edward Hogg (Jesus of Nazareth). It was designed by Anthony Ward.

### Barbican Centre

*The Last Days of Judas Iscariot* had a short run at the Barbican Centre's Milton Court Theatre in October 2018, directed by Wyn Jones. The cast included (in order of appearance) Kristina Tonteri-Young (Henrietta Iscariot), Matthew Nikitow (Judas Iscariot), Laurel Waghorn (Jesus), Uri Levy (Angel Gloria / Caiaphas), Jordan Angell (Judge Littlefield), Dan Hazel (Butch Honeywell). The designer was Libby Watson, with Lewis Hannaby as lighting designer and Ben Hagle as sound designer.

### The University of California: Santa Barbara

*The Last Days of Judas Iscariot* ran during May and into June of 2023 at the University of California: Santa Barbara. The production was directed by Kendra Ware and the cast consisted of Abbs Stoiber (Jesus / Loretta), Abraham Figueroa (Caiaphas / Uncle Pino), Ahlora Smith (Cunningham), Desiree Medina (Saint Monica), Frances Manthorpe (Gloria / Soldier 2), Hind Jadallah-Karraa (Henrietta Iscariot / Sister Glenna), Holden Overbeck (Satan / Matthias), Jonah Spitler (Sigmund Freud / Simon the Zealot), Kyle Brasher (Bailiff / Saint Peter / Soldier 1), Micheal Lao (El-Fayoumy), Michael Seitz (Judas), Nick Enea (Butch Honeywell / Saint Thomas / Soldier 3), Preston Jones (Pontius Pilate / Saint Matthew), Rytasha Kumardeen (Mother Teresa / Mary Magdalene), and Roy Ernster (Judge Littlefield). The production’s design team included Ann Sheffield as Scenic Designer, Adriana Lámbarri as Costume Designer, Azra King-Abadi as Lighting Designer, Daniel Kelly as Sound Designer, and Denise Umland as Special Effects Makeup Artist.

## Reception

*The Last Days of Judas Iscariot* was received fairly positively. Curtain Up gave it a positive review, specially mentioning Eric Bogosian's portrayal of Satan. *NY Mag* however said that for $50 a ticket, "LAB might eventually want to put forth a finished product."

The original West End production was met with almost unanimously positive reviews, *The Hollywood Reporter* calling it "funny, profound and wildly entertaining", praising "sensational performances". Charles Spencer of *The Daily Telegraph* starting his review with "it's hard to know where to begin with this astonishing play that knocked me for six at the Almeida", and finishing with "Guirgis and Goold have a sensational hit on their hands." Times Online however gave it 3 stars out of 5, saying "too much New York, maybe. One doesn’t want an earnestly pious, reverential play. But do we want one which tries to make big, big issues palatable by coating them not with sugar but, at times, with bubblegum?"

## Further reading

* Martin, James (2011-03-01). *A Jesuit Off-Broadway: Behind the Scenes with Faith, Doubt, Forgiveness, and More*. Loyola Press. ISBN 9780829435474.

## InfoBox

| The Last Days of Judas Iscariot | |
| --- | --- |
| Original West End poster | |
| Written by | Stephen Adly Guirgis |
| Characters | Judas Iscariot
Satan
Fabiana Aziza Cunningham
El-Fayoumy
Judge Frank Littlefield
Saint Monica
Pontius Pilate
Caiaphas
Simon the Zealot
Mother Teresa
Henrietta Iscariot
Jesus
Butch Honeywell
Matthias of Galilee
Sigmund Freud
Bailiff
Loretta
 |
| Date premiered | March 2, 2005 |
| Place premiered | The Public Theater
New York City |
| Original language | English |
| Subject | In modern times, Judas Iscariot is on appeal in Purgatory. |
| Genre | Comedy, drama |
| Setting | Purgatory and Earth |


title: The Last Days of Michael Jackson

abstract: The Last Days of Michael Jackson is a two-hour television special that premiered on ABC on May 24, 2018. The special is dedicated to Michael Jackson's life and legacy and is chronicling everything from his childhood to the comeback concerts, This Is It, that he never got to perform. It will also feature never-before-seen interviews he did with Barbara Walters and Diane Sawyer, as well as conversations with his friends and family. The special was watched by 5.56 million viewers and was met with negative response. The Michael Jackson Estate criticized the TV special in a statement a day before it aired, stating that it "is not sponsored or approved by Jackson’s heirs, and will most likely violate their intellectual property rights. - We believe the special to be another crass and unauthorized attempt to exploit the life, music and image of Michael Jackson without respect for Michael’s legacy, intellectual property rights or his children - It is particularly disheartening that Disney, a company known to strongly believe in protecting its own IP rights, would choose to ignore these rights belonging to the Estate".

text:
# The Last Days of Michael Jackson

***The Last Days of Michael Jackson*** is a two-hour television special that premiered on ABC on May 24, 2018. The special is dedicated to Michael Jackson's life and legacy and is chronicling everything from his childhood to the comeback concerts, This Is It, that he never got to perform. It will also feature never-before-seen interviews he did with Barbara Walters and Diane Sawyer, as well as conversations with his friends and family. The special was watched by 5.56 million viewers and was met with negative response.

The Michael Jackson Estate criticized the TV special in a statement a day before it aired, stating that it "is not sponsored or approved by Jackson’s heirs, and will most likely violate their intellectual property rights. - We believe the special to be another crass and unauthorized attempt to exploit the life, music and image of Michael Jackson without respect for Michael’s legacy, intellectual property rights or his children - It is particularly disheartening that Disney, a company known to strongly believe in protecting its own IP rights, would choose to ignore these rights belonging to the Estate".

## Cast

> "The star needs some space, give him a chance to relax, - He has a heart. He is human. Let him have a bed, a pillow. What more can I give? - People expect more and more because once it's done, it is immortal, - You can't go back."

-Michael Jackson (archived audio)

* Michael Jackson (archive footage)
* Karen Faye (archive footage)
* Diane Sawyer (archive footage)
* Barbara Walters (archive footage)
* Frank Cascio (archive footage)
* Chris Connelly
* Joe Jackson (archive footage)
* Margo Jefferson
* Steve Knopper
* Kym Mazelle
* Navi
* Kenny Ortega (archive footage)
* Randy Phillips
* Ryan Smith
* J. Randy Taraborrelli
* Tohme R. Tohme
* Toure
* Mike Walters

## Release

*The Last Days of Michael Jackson* was shown on the American television network ABC on May 24, 2018. The first trailer was on May 18, 2018.

## Reception

### Viewership

On its premiere airing, the special was watched by 5.56 million viewers.

### Reaction

The documentary received negative reviews from fans and critics alike for the many inaccuracies, while it interviewed paparazzi, tabloid reporters and people who never met Jackson, which made the special feel more like an opinion piece then a factual documentary about his life. The special received backlash for purposely ignoring crucial details, for not mentioning his skin disorder called Vitiligo, for not mentioning the abuse he received by his father as a child and also no mention of his humanitarian and charity efforts.

## Lawsuit

The Estate of Michael Jackson have filed a federal copyright infringement lawsuit against the Walt Disney Company and ABC TV, alleging the companies used dozens of copyrights without permission when the TV network aired the two-hour special.

## InfoBox

| *The Last Days of Michael Jackson* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Documentary |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Production | |
| Producers | Mark Anstendig<br>Monica DelaRosa |
| Original release | |
| Network | ABC (U.S.) |
| Release | May 24, 2018 (2018-05-24) |


title: Disonycha barberi

abstract: Disonycha barberi is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in Central America and North America.

text:
# Disonycha barberi

***Disonycha barberi*** is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in Central America and North America.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Disonycha barberi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Chrysomelidae |
| Tribe: | Alticini |
| Genus: | *Disonycha* |
| Species: | ***D. barberi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Disonycha barberi***<br>Blake, 1951 | |
|


title: Dmytro Dikusar

abstract: Dmytro Petrovych Dikusar is a Ukrainian dancer and choreographer.

text:
# Dmytro Dikusar

**Dmytro Petrovych Dikusar** (October 24, 1985, Odesa, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) is a Ukrainian dancer and choreographer.

## Biography

Dikusar was born on October 24, 1985, in Odesa. He started dancing at the age of 6, first ballroom, and later sports.

Received a higher education at the Kyiv Institute of Physical Education, in 2008 he received a diploma as a ballroom dance trainer. Dikusar has participated in Ukrainian and international sports dance competitions for many years. He achieved the greatest success in Latin American dances - he made it to the finals of the European Cup, and was also the winner of the World Championship in this dance genre.

In 2006, Dikusar received the title of candidate for master of sports in ballroom dancing. He repeatedly reached the finals of international competitions and the championship of Ukraine.

He gained popularity in the media in 2007 after participating in the second season of the project "Dancing with the Stars" on the TV channel "1+1". He danced with the singer Iryna Bilyk. Subsequently, they began their relationship, and soon they played a wedding, holding a solemn ceremony in Rio de Janeiro. However, in 2010, the couple broke up.

In 2011, he took part in the Russian "Dancing with the Stars". Subsequently, he also worked with the Georgian version of this show.

In 2012, Dikusar began a relationship with dancer Olena Shoptenko, whom he also met on *Dancing with the Stars*. In 2013, the couple got married. But even this marriage did not last long — in 2016, the couple divorced.

In 2019, he returned to the show *Dancing with the Stars*. In the sixth, seventh and eighth seasons, he danced in pairs with Victoria Bulitko, Slava Kaminska and Olga Harlan, respectively.

In 2022, he joined the ranks of the Armed Forces to defend Ukraine during the Russian invasion


title: The Lady of Glenwith Grange

abstract: "The Lady of Glenwith Grange" is a novella by the nineteenth-century English writer Wilkie Collins. The story was first published as one of six short stories by Collins in a collection entitled After Dark, published in 1856; it was his first collection of short stories. In the story, a French aristocrat living a peaceful married life in the English countryside is revealed to be an imposter.

text:
# The Lady of Glenwith Grange

**"The Lady of Glenwith Grange"** is a novella by the nineteenth-century English writer Wilkie Collins. The story was first published as one of six short stories by Collins in a collection entitled *After Dark*, published in 1856; it was his first collection of short stories.

In the story, a French aristocrat living a peaceful married life in the English countryside is revealed to be an imposter.

## *After Dark*

The stories in *After Dark* are linked by a narrative framework. At the beginning and end of the book are "Leaves from Leah's Diary": William Kerby, a travelling portrait-painter, is in danger of losing his sight, and is required by his doctor to cease painting for a while. His wife Leah realizes that destitution threatens. He is a good story-teller, and Leah has the idea of writing down his stories and publishing them.

All the other stories were first published in *Household Words*, and for this volume a prologue was added to each story. This story, entitled "The Angler's Story of the Lady of Glenwith Grange" for this collection, similarly has a prologue: Garthwaite, a gentleman-farmer who has commissioned Kerby to paint a picture of his bull, takes Kerby fishing while the bull is in an unmanageable temper. They come near Glenwith Grange; Garthwaite knows Miss Ida Welwyn, a middle-aged woman who lives there, and they visit the house. Kerby is impressed by the melancholy nature of Miss Welwyn and the out-of-date interior. Garthwaite, as he is angling after their visit, tells Kerby the story of the Welwyn family.

## Story summary

Since childhood, Ida is devoted to looking after her younger sister Rosamond, as she had promised to their mother before she died, soon after Rosamond was born. Their father is wealthy, and some years later the family spend a winter in the high society of Paris. Rosamond becomes engaged to Baron Franval, a French aristocrat. He has recently returned to France after several years abroad, and has received an inheritance. Ida, who still puts Rosamond's interests before all else, dislikes and distrusts the Baron, although he has an apparently pleasant personality.

The married life of the Baron and Rosamond at Glenwith Grange is peaceful; however when a French provincial newspaper, which he receives regularly, fails to arrive one day his mood changes, and he leaves to make enquiries. While he is away a visitor arrives, received by Ida who lives with the couple; he is an agent of the French police, and has withheld the newspaper the Baron was expecting; the paper informed that Baron Franval has arrived in France from overseas. The French police have ascertained that this supposed imposter is genuine, and that Rosamond's husband is probably Monbrun, a fraudster who resembles Franval.

The identity of Rosamond's husband is proved soon afterwards: he returns and, while asleep, the French agent finds the branded mark that Monbrun was given when he was a convict. The shock puts Rosamond, who is pregnant, into premature labour; the child is born with mental disabilities, and Rosamond dies. Ida remains to look after the child.

* *After Dark* at Project Gutenberg

## InfoBox

| "The Lady of Glenwith Grange" | |
| --- | --- |
| Short story by Wilkie Collins | |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Genre(s) | Mystery fiction |
| Publication | |
| Published in | *After Dark* |
| Publisher | Smith, Elder & Co. |
| Media type | Print |
| Publication date | 1856 |


title: The Majesty of the Law

abstract: The Majesty of the Law is a 1915 American drama silent film written and directed by Julia Crawford Ivers. The film stars George Fawcett, Jane Wolfe, William Desmond, Myrtle Stedman, John Oaker, and Charlie Ruggles. The film was released on August 26, 1915, by Paramount Pictures.

text:
# The Majesty of the Law

***The Majesty of the Law*** is a 1915 American drama silent film written and directed by Julia Crawford Ivers. The film stars George Fawcett (in his film debut), Jane Wolfe, William Desmond, Myrtle Stedman, John Oaker, and Charlie Ruggles. The film was released on August 26, 1915, by Paramount Pictures.

## Plot

## Cast

## Preservation

## InfoBox

| The Majesty of the Law | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Julia Crawford Ivers |
| Screenplay by | Julia Crawford Ivers |
| Produced by | Hobart Bosworth |
| Starring | George Fawcett
Jane Wolfe
William Desmond
Myrtle Stedman
John Oaker
Charlie Ruggles |
| Production
company | Hobart Bosworth Productions |
| Distributed by | Paramount Pictures |
| Release date | * August 26, 1915 (1915-08-26) |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Discovery and development of statins

text:
# Discovery and development of statins

The discovery of HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA) reductase inhibitors, called statins, was a breakthrough in the prevention of hypercholesterolemia and related diseases. Hypercholesterolemia is considered to be one of the major risk factors for atherosclerosis which often leads to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular diseases. The statins inhibit cholesterol synthesis in the body and that leads to reduction in blood cholesterol levels, which is thought to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and diseases caused by it.

## History

In the mid-19th century, a German pathologist named Rudolf Virchow discovered that cholesterol was to be found in the artery walls of people that died from occlusive vascular diseases, like myocardial infarction. The cholesterol was found to be responsible for the thickening of the arterial walls and thus decreasing the radius in the arteries which leads in most cases to hypertension and increased risk of occlusive vascular diseases.

In the 1950s the Framingham heart study led by Dawber revealed the correlation between high blood cholesterol levels and coronary heart diseases. Following up from that study the researchers explored a novel way to lower blood cholesterol levels without modifying the diet and lifestyle of subjects suffering with elevated blood cholesterol levels. The primary goal was to inhibit the cholesterol biosynthesis in the body. Hence HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) became a natural target. HMGR was found to be the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. There is no build-up of potentially toxic precursors when HMGR is inhibited, because hydroxymethylglutarate is water-soluble and there are alternative metabolic pathways for its breakdown.

In the 1970s the Japanese microbiologist Akira Endo first discovered natural products with a powerful inhibitory effect on HMGR in a fermentation broth of *Penicillium citrinum*, during his search for antimicrobial agents. The first product was named compactin (ML236B or mevastatin). Animal trials showed very good inhibitory effect as in clinical trials, however in a long term toxicity study in dogs it resulted in toxic effects at higher doses and as a result was believed to be too toxic to be given to humans. In 1978, Alfred Alberts and colleagues at Merck Research Laboratories discovered a new natural product in a fermentation broth of *Aspergillus terreus*, their product showed good HMGR inhibition and they named the product mevinolin, which later became known as lovastatin.

The cholesterol controversy began in the early promotion of statins.

## Mechanism

Statins are a competitive antagonists of HMG CoA, as they directly compete with the endogenous substrate for the active site cavity of HMGR. Statins are also noncompetitive with the cosubstrate NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate). By blocking the HMGR enzyme they inhibit the synthesis of cholesterol via the mevalonate pathway. The end result is lower LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein), TG (Triglycerides) and total cholesterol levels as well as increased HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) levels in serum.

## Interactive pathway map

*Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.*

\[\[File:      \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\]      |alt=Statin pathway edit\]\]   Statin pathway edit

## Statin drug design

The ideal statin should have the following properties:

* High affinity for the enzyme active site
* Marked selectivity of uptake into hepatic cells compared with non-hepatic cells
* Low systemic availability of active inhibitory equivalents
* Relatively prolonged duration of effect.

One of the main design objectives of statin design is the selective inhibition of HMGR in the liver, as cholesterol synthesis in non-hepatic cells is needed for normal cell function and inhibition in non-hepatic cells could possibly be harmful.

### The statin pharmacophore

The essential structural components of all statins are a dihydroxyheptanoic acid unit and a ring system with different substituents. The statin pharmacophore is modified hydroxyglutaric acid component, which is structurally similar to the endogenous substrate HMG CoA and the mevaldyl CoA transition state intermediate (Figure 1). The statin pharmacophore binds to the same active site as the substrate HMG-CoA and inhibits the HMGR enzyme. It has also been shown that the HMGR is stereoselective and as a result all statins need to have the required 3R,5R stereochemistry.

### Differences in statin structure

The statins differ with respect to their ring structure and substituents. These differences in structure affect the pharmacological properties of the statins, such as:

* Affinity for the active site of the HMGR
* Rates of entry into hepatic and non-hepatic tissues
* Availability in the systemic circulation for uptake into non-hepatic tissues
* Routes and modes of metabolic transformation and elimination

Statins have sometimes been grouped into two groups of statins according to their structure.

**Type 1 statins** Statins that have substituted decalin-ring structure that resemble the first statin ever discovered, mevastatin have often been classified as type 1 statins due to their structural relationship. Statins that belong to this group are:

**Type 2 statins** Statins that are fully synthetic and have larger groups linked to the HMG-like moiety are often referred to as type 2 statins. One of the main differences between the type 1 and type 2 statins is the replacement of the butyryl group of type 1 statins by the fluorophenyl group of type 2 statins. This group is responsible for additional polar interactions that causes tighter binding to the HMGR enzyme. Statins that belong to this group are:

Lovastatin is derived from a fungus source and simvastatin and pravastatin are chemical modifications of lovastatin and as a result do not differ much in structure from lovastatin. All three are partially reduced napthylene ring structures. Simvastatin and lovastatin are inactive lactones which must be metabolized to their active hydroxy-acid forms in order to inhibit HMGR. Type 2 statins all exist in their active hydroxy-acid forms. Fluvastatin has indole ring structure, while atorvastatin and rosuvastatin have pyrrole and pyrimidine based ring structure respectively. The lipophilic cerivastatin has a pyridine-based ring structure.

### HMGR statin binding site

Studies have shown that statins bind reversibly to the HGMR enzyme. The affinity of statins for HGMR enzyme is in the nanomolar range, while the natural substrate's affinity is in the micromolar range. Studies have shown that statins use the conformational flexibility of the HMGR enzyme that causes a shallow hydrophobic groove that the statins exploit and is used to accommodate their hydrophobic moieties. The specificity and the tight binding of statins is due to orientation and bonding interactions that form between the statin and the HMGR enzyme. Polar interactions are formed between the HMG-moiety and residues that are located in the cis loop of the enzyme. These polar interactions are between Ser684, Asp690, Lys691 and Lys692 (Figure 4). The terminal carboxylate of the HMG moiety forms a salt bridge with the cationic Lys735 of the enzyme. In addition to the polar interaction, Lys691 participates in a hydrogen bonding network with Glu559, Asp767 and the O5 hydroxyl group of the hydroxyglutartic acid component of the statins. Van der Waals interactions are formed between the hydrophobic side chains of the enzyme, which involve the Leu562, Val683, Leu853, Ala856 and Leu857 and the statins. Type 2 statins form polar interaction between the fluorine atom on the fluorophenyl group and the guanidinium group of Arg590. In addition to these interactions atorvastatin and rosuvastatin also form unique hydrogen bonds between Ser565 residue and either a carbonyl oxygen atom (atorvastatin) or a sulfone oxygen atom (rosuvastatin). A unique polar interaction between the Arg568 side chain and the electronegative sulfone group on rosuvastatin makes it the statin that has the greatest number of bonding interactions with HGMR.

### Structure-activity relationship (SAR)

All statins have the same pharmacophore so the difference in their pharmacodynamic effect is mostly based on the substituents. The activity of each statin is dependent on the binding affinity of the compound for the substrate site and the length of time it binds to the site. Type 2 statins have unique fluorophenyl group that causes additional polar interaction between the enzyme and the statins, which results in a tighter binding to the enzyme. The newest statin, rosuvastatin has a unique polar methane sulfonamide group, which is quite hydrophilic and confers low lipophilicity. The sulfonamide group forms a unique polar interaction with the enzyme. As a result, rosuvastatin has superior binding affinity to the HMGR enzyme compared to the other statins, which is directly related to its efficiency to lower LDL cholesterol.

### Lipophilicity

Lipophilicity of the statins is considered to be quite important since the hepatoselectivity of the statins is related to their lipophilicity. The more lipophilic statins tend to achieve higher levels of exposure in non-hepatic tissues, while the hydrophilic statins tend to be more hepatoselective. The difference in selectivity is because lipophilic statins passively and non-selectively diffuse into both hepatocyte and non-heptatocyte, while the hydrophilic statins rely largely on active transport into hepatocyte to exert their effects. High hepatoselectivity is thought to translate into reduced risk of adverse effects. It has been reported that the organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) is important for the hepatic uptake of hydrophilic statins such as rosuvastatin and pravastatin. OATP-C is expressed in liver tissue on the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes and is considered to be a potential contributor for the low IC50 for rosuvastatin in hepatocytes. Of the marketed statins, cerivastatin was the most lipophilic and also had the largest percentage of serious adverse effects due to its ability to inhibit vascular smooth muscle proliferation and as a result was voluntarily removed from the market by the manufacturer.

Comparison of lipophilicity of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors at pH 7,4
|  | Cerivastatin | Simvastatin | Fluvastatin | Atorvastatin | Rosuvastatin | Pravastatin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Log D Class | 1,50–1,75 | 1,50–1,75 | 1,00–1,25 | 1,00–1,25 | -0,25–(-0,50) | -0,75–(-1,0) |

## Metabolism

All statins are metabolized by the liver, which causes their low systemic bioavailability. Lovastatin and simvastatin are administered in their lactone forms, which is more lipophilic than their free acid forms, and therefore they have to be activated by hydrolysis to the active anionic carboxylate form. Cytochrome P450(CYP) isoenzymes are involved in the oxidative metabolism of the statins, with CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 isoenzymes being the most dominant. CYP3A4 isoenzyme is the most predominant isoform involved in metabolism of lovastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin and cerivastatin. CYP2C9 isoenzyme is the most predominant isoform involved in metabolism of Fluvastatin, but CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 isoenzymes also contribute to the metabolism of Fluvastatin. Rosuvastatin is metabolized to a small degree by CYP2C9 and to a lesser extent by CYP2C19 isoenzymes. Pravastatin is not metabolized by CYP isoenzymes to any appreciable extent. The statins that have the ability to be metabolized by multiple CYP isoenzymes may therefore avoid drug accumulation when one of the pathways is inhibited by co-administered drugs.

## Comparative pharmacology of statins

Comparative efficiency and pharmacology of the statins.
| Drug | Reduction in LDL-C (%) | Increase in HDL-C (%) | Reduction in TG (%) | Reduction in TC (%) | Metabolism | Protein binding (%) | T1/2 (h) | Hydrophilic | IC50 (nM) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Atorvastatin | 26 – 60 | 5 – 13 | 17 – 53 | 25 – 45 | CYP3A4 | 98 | 13–30 | No | 8 |
| Lovastatin | 21 – 42 | 2 – 10 | 6 – 27 | 16 – 34 | CYP3A4 | \>95 | 2 – 4 | No | NA |
| Simvastatin | 26 – 47 | 8 – 16 | 12 – 34 | 19 – 36 | CYP3A4 | 95 – 98 | 1 – 3 | No | 11 |
| Fluvastatin | 22 – 36 | 3 – 11 | 12 – 25 | 16 – 27 | CYP2C9 | 98 | 0,5 – 3,0 | No | 28 |
| Rosuvastatin | 45 – 63 | 8 – 14 | 10 – 35 | 33 – 46 | CYP2C9 | 88 | 19 | Yes | 5 |
| Pravastatin | 22 – 34 | 2 – 12 | 15 – 24 | 16 – 25 | Sulfation | 43 – 67 | 2 – 3 | Yes | 44 |

## Future research

With the recent elucidation of the structures of the catalytic portion of human HMGR enzyme complexed with six different statins by a series of crystallography studies, new possibilities have opened up for the rational design and optimization of even better HGMR inhibitors.

A new study using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) to establish three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D QSAR), while searching for novel active pharmacophores as potentially potent HGMR inhibitors, was recently published. Using this novel technique researchers were able to screen for compounds with high screening scores. In addition to the conventional statin-like compounds with HMG-like moiety, eight additional compounds with completely different pharmacophore structure were found. This structure-based virtual screening procedure is considered promising for rational quest and optimization of potential novel HGMR inhibitors.

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title: The Laws of the Universe

abstract: The Laws of the Universe is a Japanese animated film series consisting of four films, produced by HS Pictures Studio. The first film in the series, titled The Laws of the Universe: Part 0, was released on October 10, 2015. The anime has been licensed by Eleven Arts.

text:
# The Laws of the Universe

***The Laws of the Universe*** (Japanese: UFO学園の秘密 Hepburn: *UFO Gakuen no Himitsu*) is a Japanese animated film series consisting of four films, produced by HS Pictures Studio. The first film in the series, titled *The Laws of the Universe: Part 0*, was released on October 10, 2015. The anime has been licensed by Eleven Arts.

## Plot

A group of five junior high school students are wrapped up in a strange occurrence, involving an alien species called Grey.

## Cast

| Character |
| --- |
| | Japanese
voice
actor | English
dubbing actor |
| Ray | Ryota Osaka | Josh Keaton |
| Anna | Asami Seto | Kari Wahlgren |
| Tyler | Tetsuya Kakihara | Yuri Lowenthal |
| Halle | Hisako Kanemoto | Hynden Walch |
| Eisuke | Wataru Hatano | Roger Craig Smith |
| Suguru Yoake | Daisuke Namikawa | Dylan McDermott |
| Inkar | Miki Itō | Jennifer Beals |
| Marui | Banjō Ginga | Fred Tatasciore |
| Yanase | Yutaka Nakano | Dave Fennoy |
| Ummite | Issei Futamata | Tom Kenny |
| Goat-type Alien | Hiroshi Shirokuma | Beau Billingslea |
| Natsumi | Haruka Chisuga | Stephanie Sheh |
| Takamine | Takahiro Fujiwara | Patrick Seitz |
| Shizuka | Marie Miyake | Dorothy Fahn |

## Production

A promotional video of the prologue, *The Laws of the Universe: Part 0*, first streamed on July 23, 2015. The movie series was produced by HS Pictures Studio, which is operated by Happy Science, a controversial new religious and spiritual movement. Ryuho Okawa, the founder of Happy Science, was reported to be directly overseeing production of the movie series. A sequel to *Part 0*, *The Laws of the Universe Part 1*, premiered at the Awareness Film Festival in Los Angeles on October 6, 2018.

## Reception

*The Laws of the Universe: Part 0* was critically panned by anime critics. Charles Solomon of Los Angeles Times described the movie as "messy", and that "it follows no rules". Solomon also commented that the movie is something only Okawa followers could enjoy.

## InfoBox

| Laws of the Universe | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Created by | Happy Science |
| Anime film series | |
| Directed by | Isamu Imakake |
| Produced by | Ryuho Okawa |
| Music by | Yūichi Mizusawa |
| Studio | HS Pictures Studio |
| Licensed by |  |
| Released | October 10, 2015  – present |
| Runtime | 2 hours |
| Films | 4 |


title: The Lotus-Eaters (The White Lotus)

abstract: "The Lotus-Eaters" is the fifth episode of the first season of the American black comedy drama anthology television series The White Lotus. The episode was written and directed by series creator Mike White. It originally aired on HBO on August 8, 2021. The series follows the guests and employees of the fictional White Lotus resort chain. The season is set on Maui, and follows two couples, the Pattons and the Mossbachers, along with a woman named Tanya, as they each have different conflicts during their stay. In the episode, Paula conspires with Kai to steal from the Mossbachers, while Rachel reconsiders her marriage. According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 0.541 million household viewers and gained a 0.1 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received extremely positive reviews from critics, who praised the character development, performances and tone.

text:
# The Lotus-Eaters (The White Lotus)

"**The Lotus-Eaters**" is the fifth episode of the first season of the American black comedy drama anthology television series *The White Lotus*. The episode was written and directed by series creator Mike White. It originally aired on HBO on August 8, 2021.

The series follows the guests and employees of the fictional White Lotus resort chain. The season is set on Maui, and follows two couples, the Pattons and the Mossbachers, along with a woman named Tanya, as they each have different conflicts during their stay. In the episode, Paula conspires with Kai to steal from the Mossbachers, while Rachel reconsiders her marriage.

According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 0.541 million household viewers and gained a 0.1 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received extremely positive reviews from critics, who praised the character development, performances and tone.

## Plot

In bed, Kai (Kekoa Scott Kukumano) reveals to Paula (Brittany O'Grady) that Olivia (Sydney Sweeney) was flirting with him, unsettling Paula as she knows about their relationship. She leaves their room, telling him they probably won't be in touch as she is leaving soon, disappointing him. At the beach, Quinn (Fred Hechinger) is invited by locals to join their outrigger boat, and he enjoys paddling.

Nicole (Connie Britton) talks with Mark (Steve Zahn) over his infidelity confession, which they agreed to evade during their vacation. Wanting to avoid problems after the events of the previous night, Armond (Murray Bartlett) moves Shane (Jake Lacy) and Rachel (Alexandra Daddario) into the Pineapple Suite free of charge. Rachel is taken aback when Kitty (Molly Shannon) downplays her role, indicating that she might become a trophy wife. Over breakfast, Mark annoys Paula, who is mixed race, with an insensitive rant about the nature of colonialism, wealth and privilege. Feeling that the Mossbachers were benefiting from the theft of his culture, Paula meets with Kai and gives him the code to their safe, which contains a pair of expensive bracelets to pay for a lawsuit against the hotel. Although reluctant, Kai agrees to do it. Belinda (Natasha Rothwell) tries to talk with Tanya about their wellness business, but Tanya is more concerned about meeting with Greg (Jon Gries).

As the Mossbachers prepare to go scuba diving in the ocean, Nicole chooses to leave, screaming her frustrations at not feeling respected, forcing Mark to follow her and leaving Paula, Olivia and Quinn on the boat. She returns to the hotel, unaware that Kai is also there to steal the bracelets. He is forced to cover his face and attack her. Mark suddenly arrives and tackles him. Kai is forced to punch him in the face and escapes the room. The police arrive at the scene, with Armond promising to pay for their stay as a compensation. At dinner, Quinn and Olivia express admiration for Mark's actions, earning him their respect. Paula remains silent, with Olivia suspecting she might have been involved. After discovering that Greg has a terminal illness, Tanya tries to break up with him, but she asserts that he wants to stay with her. At their room, Rachel tells Shane that she made a huge mistake, right after removing her ring.

## Production

### Development

In June 2021, HBO announced that the fifth episode of the season would be titled "The Lotus-Eaters", and that it would be written and directed by series creator Mike White. This was White's fifth writing and directorial credit for the series.

## Reception

### Viewers

In its original American broadcast, "The Lotus-Eaters" was seen by an estimated 0.541 million household viewers with a 0.1 in the 18-49 demographics. This means that 0.1 percent of all households with televisions watched the episode. This was a slight increase from the previous episode, which was watched by 0.515 million household viewers with a 0.1 in the 18-49 demographics.

### Critical reviews

"The Lotus-Eaters" received extremely positive reviews from critics. Roxana Hadadi of *The A.V. Club* gave the episode an "A" grade and wrote, "Money is the elixir, the ambrosia, the manna upon which the White Lotus guests feast, and yes, this has come up over and over again during Mike White's preceding four episodes, but it takes on a grimier weight in penultimate episode 'The Lotus-Eaters.'"

Amanda Whiting of *Vulture* gave the episode a 4 star rating out of 5 and wrote, "These are 'The Lotus-eaters' of Armond's oratorical flourish, when he joins Belinda to finish off a bottle of white, compliments of Tanya. It's a dark coda to an episode that shifts the series's tonal register."

Alex Noble of *TheWrap* wrote, "Well, we are over halfway through HBO's limited series *The White Lotus* and we still have the same number of potential murder victims (and suspects) as we started with. Given that the series finale is next weekend, I'm thinking we'll finally have some answers sooner rather than later though." Breeze Riley of *Telltale TV* gave the episode a 4 star rating out of 5 and wrote, "The characters on *The White Lotus* who end up losing are the ones who never held much power to begin with like Paula or Belinda. If the people with power aren't the ones learning the lessons, they continue to leave destruction in their wake. The ones without power are left picking up the pieces."

### Accolades

Connie Britton submitted the episode to support her Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie nomination at the 74th Primetime Emmy Awards. She would lose the award to her co-star, Jennifer Coolidge.

## InfoBox

| "**The Lotus-Eaters**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *The White Lotus* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 1<br>Episode 5 |
| Directed by | Mike White |
| Written by | Mike White |
| Cinematography by | Ben Kutchins |
| Editing by | Heather Persons |
| Original release date | August 8, 2021 (2021-08-08) |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|


abstract: The Lost Chapter of the Acts of the Apostles, also known as the Sonnini Manuscript, is a short text purporting to be the translation of a manuscript containing the 29th chapter of the Acts of the Apostles, detailing Paul the Apostle's journey to Britannia, where he preached to a tribe of Israelites on "Mount Lud", later the site of St Paul's Cathedral, and met with Druids, who proved to him that they were descended from Jews. Thereafter, Paul preached in Gaul and Belgium, and then to Switzerland (Helvetia), where a miraculous earthquake occurred at the site of Pontius Pilate's supposed suicide. The canonical book of Acts ends rather abruptly with Paul kept under house arrest in chapter 28, which has led to various theories about the history of the text. This "Lost Chapter" does not explain how Paul escaped or was released from arrest to take up new travels.

text:
# The Lost Chapter of the Acts of the Apostles

The ***Lost Chapter of the Acts of the Apostles***, also known as the **Sonnini Manuscript**, is a short text purporting to be the translation of a manuscript containing the 29th chapter of the Acts of the Apostles, detailing Paul the Apostle's journey to Britannia, where he preached to a tribe of Israelites on "Mount Lud" (Ludgate Hill), later the site of St Paul's Cathedral, and met with Druids, who proved to him that they were descended from Jews. Thereafter, Paul preached in Gaul and Belgium, and then to Switzerland (Helvetia), where a miraculous earthquake occurred at the site of Pontius Pilate's supposed suicide.

The canonical book of Acts ends rather abruptly with Paul kept under house arrest in chapter 28, which has led to various theories about the history of the text. This "Lost Chapter" does not explain how Paul escaped or was released from arrest to take up new travels.

## History

The text made its first appearance in London in 1871. According to the editor, it was translated in the late 18th century by the French naturalist Sonnini de Manoncourt from a "Greek manuscript discovered in the archives at Constantinople and presented to him by the Sultan Abdoul Achmet". It was found hidden in an English translation of Sonnini's *Voyage en Grèce et en Turquie* in the library of Sir John Newport, MP (1756–1843) after his death. However, no trace of any such manuscript has been found, and from internal evidence, mainstream philology considers it to most likely be a fraud, thus it is classed among the modern pseudepigrapha.

It is available in a 1982 edition by E. Raymond Capt (ISBN 0-934666-09-1) from Artisan Publishers, Muskogee, which is a publisher specializing in evangelical fringe subjects.

## Purpose and influence

The purpose of the book was likely to support Anglo-Israelism. The book has not found attention in recent mainstream publications and is not mentioned on the website of the British-Israel-World Federation. The influence of that movement has declined.


title: The Malaise of Modernity

abstract: The Malaise of Modernity is a book by the Canadian philosopher Charles Taylor based on his 1991 Massey Lecture of the same title. Originally published by House of Anansi Press, it was republished by Harvard University Press with the title The Ethics of Authenticity.

text:
# The Malaise of Modernity

***The Malaise of Modernity*** is a book by the Canadian philosopher Charles Taylor based on his 1991 Massey Lecture of the same title. Originally published by House of Anansi Press, it was republished by Harvard University Press with the title ***The Ethics of Authenticity***.

## InfoBox

The Malaise of Modernity
| Cover of a House of Anansi Press edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Charles Taylor |
| Language | English |
| Subject |  |
| Publisher |  |
| Publication date | 1991 |
| Publication place | Canada |
| Media type | * Print * digital |
| Pages | 135 |
| ISBN | 978-0-88784-520-8 |
| LC Class | BF637.S4 T39 |


title: Dmitri Makarov (ice hockey)

abstract: Dmitri Leonidovich Makarov is a Russian professional ice hockey winger who is an unrestricted free agent. He most recently played for HC Yugra of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

text:
# Dmitri Makarov (ice hockey)

**Dmitri Leonidovich Makarov** (born December 6, 1983) is a Russian professional ice hockey winger who is an unrestricted free agent. He most recently played for HC Yugra of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

## Career

After his second year with Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod in the 2012–13 season, Makarov was traded in the off-season to return to Salavat Yulaev in exchange for Denis Parshin and Sergei Sentyurin on May 5, 2013.

## Career statistics

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1998–99 | Nowoil Ufa | Russia3 | | 9 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 6 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1999–00 | Salavat Yulaev Ufa-2 | Russia3 | | 36 | 22 | 18 | 40 | 60 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2000–01 | Salavat Yulaev Ufa | Russia | | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2000–01 | Salavat Yulaev Ufa-2 | Russia3 | | 44 | 21 | 18 | 39 | 76 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2001–02 | Metallurg Magnitogorsk-2 | Russia3 | | 34 | 20 | 19 | 39 | 26 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2002–03 | Metallurg Magnitogorsk | Russia | | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2002–03 | Metallurg Magnitogorsk-2 | Russia3 | | 48 | 24 | 38 | 62 | 108 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2003–04 | Zauralie Kurgan | Russia2 | | 30 | 12 | 9 | 21 | 44 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2003–04 | Metallurg Magnitogorsk | Russia | | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2003–04 | Metallurg Magnitogorsk-2 | Russia3 | | 29 | 13 | 22 | 35 | 38 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2004–05 | Metallurg Magnitogorsk | Russia | | 24 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 14 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2004–05 | Metallurg Magnitogorsk-2 | Russia3 | | 21 | 19 | 25 | 44 | 22 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2004–05 | Salavat Yulaev Ufa | Russia | | 11 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 8 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2005–06 | Salavat Yulaev Ufa | Russia | | 43 | 15 | 13 | 28 | 96 | | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 10 |
| 2005–06 | Salavat Yulaev Ufa-2 | Russia3 | | 2 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2006–07 | Salavat Yulaev Ufa | Russia | | 14 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 14 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2006–07 | Salavat Yulaev Ufa-2 | Russia3 | | 14 | 7 | 13 | 20 | 38 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2007–08 | HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk | Russia | | 56 | 15 | 20 | 35 | 159 | | 5 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| 2008–09 | HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk | KHL | | 47 | 9 | 18 | 27 | 24 | | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 |
| 2009–10 | HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk | KHL | | 34 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 57 | | 9 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| 2010–11 | HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk | KHL | | 52 | 14 | 19 | 33 | 34 | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2011–12 | Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod | KHL | | 41 | 14 | 16 | 30 | 46 | | 12 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 4 |
| 2012–13 | Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod | KHL | | 52 | 13 | 30 | 43 | 14 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2013–14 | Salavat Yulaev Ufa | KHL | | 54 | 11 | 29 | 40 | 20 | | 18 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 6 |
| 2014–15 | Salavat Yulaev Ufa | KHL | | 55 | 11 | 24 | 35 | 34 | | 4 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| 2015–16 | Salavat Yulaev Ufa | KHL | | 48 | 12 | 14 | 26 | 20 | | 19 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 35 |
| 2016–17 | HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk | KHL | | 23 | 1 | 7 | 8 | 4 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2016–17 | Salavat Yulaev Ufa | KHL | | 27 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 12 | | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2017–18 | Yugra Khanty-Mansiysk | KHL | | 19 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 18 | |  |  |  |  |  |
|| |
| KHL totals | | | | 452 | 93 | 167 | 260 | 283 | | 68 | 10 | 24 | 34 | 57 |
|| |
| Russia totals | | | | 158 | 38 | 39 | 77 | 295 | | 11 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 12 |

Media related to Dmitri Makarov at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Dmitri Makarov | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Born | (1983-12-06) December 6, 1983
Ufa, Russian SFSR, USSR | | |
| Height | 5 ft 10 in (178 cm) | | |
| Weight | 179 lb (81 kg; 12 st 11 lb) | | |
| Position | Right Wing | | |
| Shot | Left | | |
| Played for | Metallurg Magnitogorsk
Salavat Yulaev Ufa
Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk
Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod
HC Yugra | | |
| Playing career | 20022018 | | |


title: The Man from London (1943 film)

abstract: The Man from London or The London Man is a 1943 French thriller film directed by Henri Decoin and starring Fernand Ledoux, Suzy Prim and Jules Berry. It is an adaptation of the novel of the same title by the Belgian writer Georges Simenon, which was later turned into the 1947 British film Temptation Harbour. It was shot at the Buttes-Chaumont Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Serge Piménoff.

text:
# The Man from London (1943 film)

***The Man from London*** or ***The London Man*** (French: ***L'homme de Londres***) is a 1943 French thriller film directed by Henri Decoin and starring Fernand Ledoux, Suzy Prim and Jules Berry. It is an adaptation of the novel of the same title by the Belgian writer Georges Simenon, which was later turned into the 1947 British film *Temptation Harbour*. It was shot at the Buttes-Chaumont Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Serge Piménoff.

## Synopsis

A railway worker at a ferry port discovers a suitcase containing a large sum of money, the proceeds of a crime recently committed in London. He chooses to keep it rather than turn it over to the police, but it ends up luring him into a downwards spiral that eventually ends in murder.

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Goble, Alan. *The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film*. Walter de Gruyter, 1999.

## InfoBox

| The Man from London | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Henri Decoin |
| Written by | Charles Exbrayat
Henri Decoin |
| Based on | *The Man from London* by Georges Simenon |
| Produced by | François Chavane |
| Starring | Fernand Ledoux
Suzy Prim
Jules Berry |
| Cinematography | Paul Cotteret |
| Edited by | Suzanne de Troeye |
| Music by | Georges Van Parys
Marcel Landowski |
| Production
company | S.P.D.F. |
| Distributed by | Éclair-Journal |
| Release date | * 20 October 1943 (1943-10-20) |
| Running time | 98 minutes |
| Country | France |
| Language | French |


title: The Mermaid (ballad)

abstract: "The Mermaid" is a traditional folk ballad. Originating around the mid-18th century, this song is known by a number of names, including "Waves on the Sea", "The Stormy Winds", "Our Gallant Ship", and "The Wrecked Ship". The song belongs in the category of sea ballads, being a song sailors sung during their time off and not while they worked, but is more commonly thought of as a sea shanty. It is well known in American folk tradition as well as European traditions, and the text has appeared in many forms in both print and oral mediums. The ballad remains part of American culture as a song sung at camps operated by the Boy Scouts of America as well as in public school music education classes.

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# The Mermaid (ballad)

**"The Mermaid"** (Roud 124, Child 289) is a traditional folk ballad. Originating around the mid-18th century, this song is known by a number of names, including **"Waves on the Sea"**, **"The Stormy Winds"**, **"Our Gallant Ship"**, and **"The Wrecked Ship"**.

The song belongs in the category of sea ballads, being a song sailors sung during their time off and not while they worked, but is more commonly thought of as a sea shanty. It is well known in American folk tradition as well as European traditions, and the text has appeared in many forms in both print and oral mediums. The ballad remains part of American culture as a song sung at camps operated by the Boy Scouts of America as well as in public school music education classes.

## Synopsis

The ballad describes a ship that left port, its misadventure and eventual sinking. The moral of the song is that mermaids are a sign of an impending shipwreck. It is sung from the point of view of a member of the ship's crew, although the ship sinks without any survivors. In most versions the ship is unnamed but in a version sung by Almeda Riddle, the mermaid disappears and the ship is identified as the Merrymac. Often the ship is said to be departing on a Friday morning, but there are other versions of the lyrics including one that has it leaving on a Saturday night. On the way out to sea, the captain sees a mermaid with a "comb and a glass in her hand".

Three parallel stanzas most often follow describing how three of the crew members, contemplating impending disaster, would rather be somewhere else than on the ocean floor; for example, the cook would rather be with his pots and pans. In English versions crew members often identify their home port and the people (parents, wives, children) who will mourn for them.

The home of the crew members varies from version to version, but it has been assigned to almost every port town in Britain and the East Coast of the United States. At the end of the ballad the ship turns around three times and sinks with all hands; there are no survivors.

Between each of the verses there oftentimes is a chorus describing the conditions sailors face in a storm and the state of the sea that was caused by the mermaid.

## Legacy

The philologist and fantasy author J. R. R. Tolkien wrote a song in Old English, to be sung to the tune of The Mermaid.

First verse of one of J. R. R. Tolkien's Old English *Songs for the Philologists*
| *Ofer wídne gársecg* | Across the broad ocean (prose translation) | The Mermaid |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Þa ofer wídne gársecg wéow unwidre ceald,
Sum hagusteald on lagu féoll on nicera geweald.
He legde lást swa fýres gnást, he snúde on sunde fléah,
Oþþæt he métte meremenn déopan grunde néah.* | When the cold blast was blowing across the broad ocean,
a young man fell into the sea, into the power of nixies.
As fast as fire he made his way, he swam along so quickly –
until he met the mermen near the deep sea-bottom. | Oh 'twas in the broad Atlantic, mid the equinoctial gales
That a young fellow fell overboard among the sharks and whales
And down he went as a streak of light, so quickly down went he
Until he came to a mermaid at the bottom of the deep blue sea. |

## References and bibliography

* Atkinson, David (1998). "The Child Ballads from England and Wales in the James Madison Carpenter Collection". *Folk Music Journal*. **7** (4).
* Cazden, Norman; Haufrecht, Herbert; Studer, Norman (1983). *Folk Songs of the Catskills*. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-580-3.
* Hilcourt, Bill (August 1961). "Green Bar Bill Says: Keep Your Feet Dry". *Boys' Life*. Boy Scouts of America.
* Nelson-Burns, Lesley. "The Mermaid". Retrieved 8 August 2012.
* Niles, John Jacob (2000). *The Ballad Book of John Jacob Niles*. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0813109876.
* Roud, Steve; Bishop, Julia (2012). *The New Penguin Book of English Folk Songs*. London: Penguin Classic. ISBN 978-0141194615.


title: The Measure of a Mountain

abstract: The Measure of a Mountain: Beauty and Terror on Mount Rainier is a 1997 nonfiction work by Bruce Barcott about the natural and human history of Mount Rainier. Kirkus Reviews called it "enthralling, respectful, bitingly witty, and wise". Publishers Weekly said it "provid[es] clear information on the heritage, history and fascination this mountain creates". A review in a local Washington State newspaper said it was "the first book I've seen that gives you a sense of The Mountain's [Mount Rainier's] geologic history, natural history, political history, climbing history and native mythology, and how they fit together, all in one".

text:
# The Measure of a Mountain

***The Measure of a Mountain: Beauty and Terror on Mount Rainier*** is a 1997 nonfiction work by Bruce Barcott about the natural and human history of Mount Rainier. *Kirkus Reviews* called it "enthralling, respectful, bitingly witty, and wise". *Publishers Weekly* said it "provid\[es\] clear information on the heritage, history and fascination this mountain creates". A review in a local Washington State newspaper said it was "the first book I've seen that gives you a sense of The Mountain's \[Mount Rainier's\] geologic history, natural history, political history, climbing history and native mythology, and how they fit together, all in one".

### Sources

## Further reading

## InfoBox

The Measure of a Mountain: Beauty and Terror on Mount Rainier
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Bruce Barcott |
| Published | October 1, 1997 |
| Publisher | Sasquatch Books |
| Pages | 288 |
| ISBN | 1-57061-074-6 |
| Website | sasquatchbooks.com/books/the-measure-of-a-mountain/ |


title: The Measure of the Magic

abstract: The Measure of the Magic is a fantasy novel by American writer Terry Brooks, released on August 23, 2011 as the second of the two part Legends of Shannara series. Set after Bearers of the Black Staff and before First King of Shannara, the novel chronicles the adventures of Panterra Qu, a Tracker entrusted with the Black Staff after the death of Sider Ament during Bearers of the Black Staff.

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# The Measure of the Magic

***The Measure of the Magic*** is a fantasy novel by American writer Terry Brooks, released on August 23, 2011 as the second of the two part *Legends of Shannara* series. Set after *Bearers of the Black Staff* and before *First King of Shannara*, the novel chronicles the adventures of Panterra Qu, a Tracker entrusted with the Black Staff after the death of Sider Ament during *Bearers of the Black Staff*.


title: Fenxiang

abstract: Fenxiang (分香), literally the incense division, is a term that defines both hierarchical networks of temples dedicated to a particular Deity or Deities in Chinese folk religion, and the ritual process by which these networks form.

text:
# Fenxiang

**Fenxiang** (分香), literally the **incense division**, is a term that defines both hierarchical networks of temples dedicated to a particular Deity or Deities in Chinese folk religion, and the ritual process by which these networks form.

## Networks

Networks of affiliated temples dedicated to the cult of a specific God or Deity can proliferate extensively. These networks are economic and social bodies, and in certain moments of history have even taken military functions. They also represent routes of pilgrimage, with communities of devotees from the affiliated temples going up in the hierarchy to the senior temple. One notable example will Baishatun Mazu Pilgrimage in Taiwan.

## Ritual of creation of a new temple

When a new temple dedicated to the same Deity is founded, it enters the sacred network through the ritual of division of incense. This consists in filling the incense burner of the new temple with ashes brought from the incense burner of an existing temple. The new temple is therefore spiritually affiliated to the older existing temple, and back in the hierarchy to the first temple dedicated to the Deity.

## Footnotes

1. Shahar & Weller 1996, p. 24.

## Sources

* Shahar, Meir; Weller, Robert Paul (1996), *Unruly Gods: Divinity and Society in China*, University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 0190258144


title: Final Audition

abstract: Final Audition is a Canadian musical competition television miniseries which aired on CBC Television in 1979.

text:
# Final Audition

***Final Audition*** is a Canadian musical competition television miniseries which aired on CBC Television in 1979.

## Premise

These broadcasts featured the top 15 entrants of cigarette brand du Maurier's Search For Talent competition. The first three episodes each featured performances from five of the entrants. The five finalists from those broadcasts were featured on a live fourth episode from Toronto's Queen Elizabeth Theatre. The finalists were promised further exposure on the CBC.

## Scheduling

This hour-long series was broadcast on Fridays at 9:00 p.m. (Eastern) from 31 March to 19 May 1978.

## InfoBox

| *Final Audition* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | variety competition |
| Presented by | Fred Davis |
| Country of origin | Canada |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 4 |
| Production | |
| Producer | Ray McConnell |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | CBC Television |
| Release | 31 March (1979-03-31) <br>19 May 1979 (1979-05-19) |


title: Fine and Mellow (Ruth Brown album)

abstract: Fine and Mellow is an album by the American musician Ruth Brown, released in 1991. After recuperating from leg surgery, Brown supported the album with several concert appearances.

text:
# Fine and Mellow (Ruth Brown album)

***Fine and Mellow*** is an album by the American musician Ruth Brown, released in 1991. After recuperating from leg surgery, Brown supported the album with several concert appearances.

## Production

*Fine and Mellow* is an album of Brown's favorite songs. Produced by Ralph Jungheim, it was recorded with session bands in New York City and in Hollywood. The songs were arranged by Frank Owens. Rodney Jones played guitar; Herman Riley contributed on saxophone. The title track was written by Billie Holiday. "Salty Papa Blues" is a version of the song made famous by Dinah Washington. "It's Just a Matter of Time" is a cover of the Brook Benton song. "Knock Me a Kiss" is a cover of the song made famous by Louis Jordan.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Grove Press Guide to the Blues on CD* |  |
| *North County Times* |  |
| *The Philadelphia Inquirer* |  |
| *The Virgin Encyclopedia of R&B and Soul* |  |

*Newsday* wrote that Brown's "brash style never adapts to songs synonymous with other singers, but adopts them as her own." The *Los Angeles Times* said that the album "underlines her versatility and her ability to use an actor's touch to inject drama or humor into a song." *The Vancouver Sun* deemed *Fine and Mellow* "the blues in all its raunchy glory." The *Chicago Tribune* opined that "her singing has plenty of snarl and bite, and she shrewdly has surrounded herself with a terrific lineup of instrumentalists."

*Stereo Review* considered it the best album of Brown's return to recording, likening it to "taking a stroll down memory lane and on into the kind of crowded, smoke-filled club where countless organ-and-vocal combos delighted weekend crowds." *The Philadelphia Inquirer* called it "another big, brash affair that showcases Brown as earthmother/vamp, a singer who ... can deliver lyrics with a wink and a sneer." The *North County Times* labeled it a "mini-history of Black American music."

AllMusic called the album a "nice contemporary effort with a strongly swinging R&B flavor running throughout."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Fine and Mellow" |  |
| 2. | "I Ain't Got Nothin' but the Blues" |  |
| 3. | "A World I Never Made" |  |
| 4. | "Salty Papa Blues" |  |
| 5. | "I'll Drown in My Own Tears" |  |
| 6. | "Knock Me a Kiss" |  |
| 7. | "It's Just a Matter of Time" |  |
| 8. | "Don't Get Around Much Anymore" |  |
| 9. | "Nothing Takes the Place of You" |  |
| 10. | "I'll Be Satisfied" |  |

## InfoBox

| Fine and Mellow | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Ruth Brown | |
| Released | 1991 |
| Genre | R&B, blues |
| Label | Fantasy |
| Producer | Ralph Jungheim |
| Ruth Brown chronology | |
| *Brown, Black & Beautiful*
(1990) ***Fine and Mellow***
(1991) *The Songs of My Life*
(1993) | |


abstract: The Faculty of Fine Arts (FFA) was established in 1948 as the Dhaka Art School. It was the first art school in the region and became the main centre of art and cultural practice. Since 1956 it has been situated in Shahbag, Dhaka, close to the Bangladesh National Museum. Architect Muzharul Islam designed the building. In 2008, the institute took its current name when it became one of the faculties of the University of Dhaka.

text:
# Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Dhaka

The **Faculty of Fine Arts** (**FFA**) was established in 1948 as the Dhaka Art School. It was the first art school in the region and became the main centre of art and cultural practice. Since 1956 it has been situated in Shahbag, Dhaka, close to the Bangladesh National Museum. Architect Muzharul Islam designed the building. In 2008, the institute took its current name when it became one of the faculties of the University of Dhaka.

## History

With the leadership of Zainul Abedin, the eminent artists Anwarul Huq, Quamrul Hasan, Khawaja Shafique Ahmed, Safiuddin Ahmed and Habibur Rahman started the Government Institute of Arts and Crafts in DNMI Hospital building at Johnson Road in Dhaka.

At the moment of its beginning there were six teachers along with Zainul Abedin as the principal and eighteen students. The activities of this institute started with three departments: Fine arts (at present Drawing and Painting), Commercial art (at present Graphic Design) and Graphic art (at present Printmaking). In 1952 the institute moved to a building at Segun Bagicha and then in 1956 it moved to its own building at Shahbag.

In 1963 the institute turned into Government Degree College and was named East Pakistan College of Arts and Crafts. After independence of Bangladesh this college was named Bangladesh College of Arts and Crafts. M.F.A. course has been started here since 1978. Art History department started MFA course in 1991 and honors course in 2001. In 1983 this college merged as institute in Dhaka University. Honors course has been started since 1992-93 session. The institute was turned into a Faculty of Fine Arts of the University of Dhaka in 2008.

## Influence on art

After the institute was established, within a few years, however, it became quite apparent that what was started only as a training centre had assumed a far greater role, for it quickly became a meeting place for all aspiring artists and a forum from which a new art movement could be launched. The faculty and students of the institute were in touch with what was happening in the West. Many teachers went to Europe and Japan for training and came back with new ideas; but they were also steeped in the traditions of indigenous and folk art and art forms. The West played a formative influence in sharpening their sensibilities, but their firm root protected them from losing their sense of direction and becoming mere imitators of western art. This ability to balance and blend the very best elements of local and foreign art has been a strong point for Bangladeshi artists. Over the fifty years since the inception of the Art Institute, Bangladeshi art has made remarkable progress. The training provided to its students gave them the freedom to develop their own talents in keeping with their dominant inclinations. The heritage of the Bengal school was closely followed by the students of oriental art, while folk forms found their way in the work of many artists (including the founding teachers Zainul Abedin and Qamrul Hassan).

## Architecture

This masterpiece was Muzharul Islam's first architectural endeavor. The site is in the Roman area as part of Dhaka University Campus. The Roman area is well known for its gardens and parks. Most of the buildings in this area have been designed in the scheme of a "bagan bari" (house in a garden). The site that was given for the institute was dotted with beautiful trees with a large circular depression at the end of the site. Muzharul Islam decided to come up with a design scheme that would retain all the trees on the site (as some of them were large beautiful trees that would have required many years to grow). His scheme was also climate-responsive and had large continuous verandahs shading the inner walls and windows of the classrooms and studios. The design echoes the outhouse and inner house scheme of rural Bangladesh. It also transforms ‘Jalees’ (lattices) and ‘beras’ (perforated screens) into wonderful screens that separate and creates thresholds. One enters into the front pavilion, a wonderful structure that houses galleries on the ground floor and teachers and common rooms, etc. on the first. Wonderful sculptural stairs connect the two levels around a wonderful internal courtyard. Past the pavilion are the classrooms and studios and in the far end encircling the round depression are the print studios. A lotus pond and sitting area become the open heart of the whole institute. The ground in the south is both a relief and a place to gather. This ground and the whole structure itself transform to host many activities namely the Bengali New Year ‘Pohela Boishakh’ and numerous art classes and competitions for children. Bricks of the project were also custom-designed by Muzharul Islam as so are the terracotta screens.

## Present condition

At present the institute has eight departments—Graphic Design, Oriental Art, Ceramics, Drawing and Painting, Sculpture, Crafts, History of Arts and Printmaking. Programmes include four-year Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA Honours) and two-year Master of Fine Arts (MFA) for all departments. The number of students enrolled annually has gone up—from 80 to around 120. The Graphic Design department has a new computer lab. Students of FFA now have options to work part-time (at media houses and ad firms) and the commercial aspect of BFA and MFA degrees from the institute now seems favourable, opportunities the previous generations did not enjoy. There are 43 permanent teachers and most of the teachers are eminent artists of the country. FFA is an important centre of Modern art practice in Bangladesh. Many eminent and internationally renowned artists of Bangladesh were the students of this Faculty. The importance of this Art Institute in the cultural life of Bangladesh cannot be overemphasized. For the last 50 years, it has worked not simply as an institution imparting art education but also as a cultural centre for Bengalis, functioning as a force for cultural revival and regeneration.

## Further reading

* Mamun, Muntasir, February 2009, Dhaka Smriti Bsmritir Nagori Volume 2, Ananna Publishers, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

## InfoBox

Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Dhaka
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 1948: Dhaka Art School
1963: East Pakistan College of Arts and Crafts
1972: Bangladesh Govt. College of Arts and Crafts
1983: Institute of Fine Arts
2008: Faculty of Fine Arts of the University of Dhaka |
| Address | Shahbag, Dhaka |
| Location | Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| Coordinates | 23°44′09″N 90°23′41″E / 23.7357°N 90.3947°E / 23.7357; 90.3947 |


title: Say Nothing (film)

abstract: Say Nothing is a 2001 drama, romance, and thriller film written by Madeline Sunshine and directed by Allan Moyle. The film stars William Baldwin, Nastassja Kinski, and Hart Bochner.

text:
# Say Nothing (film)

***Say Nothing*** is a 2001 drama, romance, and thriller film written by Madeline Sunshine and directed by Allan Moyle. The film stars William Baldwin, Nastassja Kinski, and Hart Bochner.

## Cast

* William Baldwin as Julian
* Nastassja Kinski as Grace
* Hart Bochner as Matt
* Jordy Benattar as Casey
* Michelle Duquet as Christine
* Geoffrey Bowes as Jack
* Susie Dias as Lupe
* Andy Velasquez as Carlos
* Brooke Johnson as Margo Loring
* Jaymz Bee as Concierge
* Giuseppe Mercurio as Restaurant Host
* Samantha Espie as Linda
* Matt Gordon as Tony
* Sean MacMahon as Dooley Griffin
* Nicole Sherman as Rita

## InfoBox

| Say Nothing | |
| --- | --- |
| DVD cover | |
| Directed by | Allan Moyle |
| Written by | Madeline Sunshine |
| Produced by | Carlo Liconti
Andrew Pfeffer
Donald Zuckerman |
| Starring | William Baldwin
Nastassja Kinski
Hart Bochner |
| Cinematography | Walter Bal |
| Edited by | James Bredin |
| Distributed by | Artisan Entertainment |
| Release date | * December 16, 2001 (2001-12-16) |
| Running time | 94 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Cozahome, Arkansas

abstract: Cozahome is an unincorporated community in Searcy County, Arkansas, United States. Cozahome is 12 miles (19 km) northeast of Marshall.

text:
# Cozahome, Arkansas

**Cozahome** is an unincorporated community in Searcy County, Arkansas, United States. Cozahome is 12 miles (19 km) northeast of Marshall.

## InfoBox

| Cozahome, Arkansas | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| CozahomeCozahome | |
| Coordinates: 36°02′42″N 92°30′06″W / 36.04500°N 92.50167°W / 36.04500; -92.50167 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Arkansas |
| County | Searcy |
| Elevation | 1,204 ft (367 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP codes | 72627 |
| Area code | 870 |
| GNIS feature ID | 57596 |


title: Cozad Singers

abstract: The Cozad Singers are a Kiowa drum group from Anadarko, Oklahoma. The group was founded by Leonard Cozad, Sr. in the 1930s, and consists of Leonard, his sons, grandsons, and other members of the family. Cozad, as they are commonly known, are southern style pow-wow and gourd drum, and have released several albums. They performed on the 2001 Grammy Award for Best Native American Music Album winning Gathering of Nations Pow Wow album, along with 15 other drum groups. Their most recent album, California Pow Wow, was released by SOAR Records in June, 2004, and won the 2005 Native American Music Award for Best Historical Recording. Cozad won the 1994, 1995, 2000, 2003 & 2010 Southern Challenge drum championship at the Gathering of Nations pow-wow in Albuquerque, New Mexico. They are often the host southern drum at large powwows, including the 1996 Stanford University Powwow and the inaugural National Museum of the American Indian pow-wow in Washington, D.C. in 2002. Their songs are available on Pow Wow Radio.

text:
# Cozad Singers

The **Cozad Singers** are a Kiowa drum group from Anadarko, Oklahoma. The group was founded by Leonard Cozad, Sr. in the 1930s, and consists of Leonard, his sons, grandsons, and other members of the family. **Cozad**, as they are commonly known, are southern style pow-wow and gourd drum, and have released several albums. They performed on the 2001 Grammy Award for Best Native American Music Album winning *Gathering of Nations Pow Wow* album, along with 15 other drum groups. Their most recent album, *California Pow Wow*, was released by SOAR Records in June, 2004, and won the 2005 Native American Music Award for Best Historical Recording.

Cozad won the 1994, 1995, 2000, 2003 & 2010 *Southern Challenge* drum championship at the Gathering of Nations pow-wow in Albuquerque, New Mexico. They are often the host southern drum at large powwows, including the 1996 Stanford University Powwow and the inaugural National Museum of the American Indian pow-wow in Washington, D.C. in 2002.

Their songs are available on Pow Wow Radio.