title: Clair Roddewig

abstract: Clair M. Roddewig was an American attorney and the 14th Attorney General of South Dakota.

text:
# Clair Roddewig

**Clair M. Roddewig** (April 18, 1903 – February 24, 1975) was an American attorney and the 14th Attorney General of South Dakota.

## Early life and education

Roddewig grew up in Newcastle, Nebraska.

He received his L.L.B. from the Creighton University School of Law.

A native of Newcastle, Nebraska, Roddewig studied law at Creighton University in Omaha and was admitted to the Nebraska bar in 1926. Moving from Omaha to South Dakota in 1931, he became the state's Assistant Attorney General in 1933 and served as Attorney General of South Dakota from 1937 to 1939 as a Democrat. In 1938, he was defeated for reelection by Republican Leo A. Temmey, who defeated him by 7.6 points.

He became a lawyer for the Interstate Commerce Commission in 1939 and was general counsel of the Office of Defense Transportation from 1942 to 1945.

Following World War II, Rodewig moved to Chicago, working as general counsel of the Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad. In 1947, he became vice president of the railroad. He became the railroad's president in 1949, serving in this role until 1957. From 1957 through 1970, he served as president of the Association of Western Railways.

Active in Chicago civics, he was considered an ally of Mayor Richard J. Daley. Roddewig served as president of the Chicago Board of Education from 1962 through 1964.

## Later career

Roddewig later served on the Citizens Board of the University of Chicago and the advisory committee of the Illinois Board of Higher Education.

He had served on the board of Catholic Charities of Chicago and was a trustee of John Marshall Law School, which gave him a J.D. degree in 1947, of DePaul University, which gave him an honorary L.L. D. in 1963, and of St. Mary's College in Notre Dame, Ill.

At the time of his death, he was a member of the Chicago Transit Authority Board.

Roddewig died on February 24, 1975, at the age of 72. He died at the residence of one of his daughters in the Chicago suburb of Hinsdale, Illinois.

## InfoBox

| Clair Roddewig | |
| --- | --- |
| *The De Paulia* (Chicago, IL), February 8, 1953 | |
|  | |
| 14th Attorney General of South Dakota | |
| **In office**
1937–1939 | |
| Preceded by | D. Walter Conway |
| Succeeded by | Leo A. Temmey |
| President of the Chicago Board of Education | |
| **In office**
1962–1964 | |
| Preceded by | William G. Caples |
| Succeeded by | Frank M. Whiston |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1903-04-18)April 18, 1903
Newcastle, Nebraska |
| Died | February 24, 1975(1975-02-24) (aged 71)
Hinsdale, Illinois |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Education | Creighton University School of Law |
| Occupation | Attorney |
|  | |


title: Clair W. Ditchy

abstract: Clair W. Ditchy (1891–1967) was an American architect in practice in Detroit from 1922 until 1967. From 1953 to 1955 he was president of the American Institute of Architects.

text:
# Clair W. Ditchy

**Clair W. Ditchy** FAIA (1891–1967) was an American architect in practice in Detroit from 1922 until 1967. From 1953 to 1955 he was president of the American Institute of Architects.

## Life and career

Clair William Ditchy was born April 12, 1891, in Kelleys Island, Ohio, to Peter Ditchy and Julia (Monaghan) Ditchy. He attended the University of Michigan, earning his B.Arch. degree in 1915. He worked for architects Albert Kahn, George D. Mason and Marcus Burrowes before opening his own office in 1922. For the first three years he shared his office with architect J. Ivan Dise but otherwise practiced alone until 1937, when he formed the firm of Ditchy–Farley–Perry, which became Ditchy–Perry–Sidnam in 1939 and dissolved in 1942. In 1959 he reorganized the firm as Clair Ditchy Associates. Ditchy remained head of the firm until his death in 1967. It was continued by his associate, Walter M. Dole, until his own death in 1972.

Ditchy joined the American Institute of Architects in 1924 as a member of the Detroit chapter. He was active in the chapter's affairs, serving as president, vice president and secretary. From 1938 to 1941 he was regional director for the Great Lakes. In 1947 he was elected secretary of the national organization, an office he filled until he was elected president in 1953, succeeding Glenn Stanton. He was elected to a second term in 1954, serving until 1955. In recognition of his contributions to the profession Ditchy was elected an honorary member of the Royal Institute of British Architects, the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada, the Colegio Nacional de Arquitectos de Cuba and the Philippine Institute of Architects. In 1956 he was granted an honorary Master of Architecture from the University of Michigan and an honorary Doctor of Engineering from the Lawrence Institute of Technology.

Ditchy was a prolific writer and speaker, publishing frequently in the local and architectural press.

## Personal life and death

Ditchy was married in 1920 to Berenice Bookmyer, and they had three children. The family lived in Royal Oak and were parishioners of the National Shrine of the Little Flower Basilica. Ditchy died July 31, 1967, in Royal Oak.

## Architectural works

1. R. Randall Vosbeck, *A Legacy of Leadership: The Presidents of the American Institute of Architects, 1857–2007* (Washington: American Institute of Architects, 2008)
2. "Ditchy, Clair William" in *American Architects Directory* (New York: R. R. Bowker Company, 1956): 138.
3. "Ditchy, Clair William" in *American Architects Directory* (New York: R. R. Bowker Company, 1962): 171.
4. "Clair Ditchy, 76, Architect, Dead" in *New York Times*, August 3, 1967, 33.
5. Dan Austin, "Greyhound Terminal (second)", Historic Detroit, no date. Accessed December 30, 2022.

## InfoBox

| Clair W. Ditchy | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1891-04-12)April 12, 1891
Kelleys Island, Ohio |
| Died | July 31, 1967(1967-07-31) (aged 76)
Royal Oak, Michigan |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Architect |


title: Spēlmaņu nakts gada aktieris

abstract: Spēlmaņu nakts gada aktieris is an annual award given to best stage actor in Latvia.

text:
# Spēlmaņu nakts gada aktieris

**Spēlmaņu nakts gada aktieris** is an annual award given to best stage actor in Latvia.

| Year | Winner | Play | Theatre |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1994 | Ģirts Ķesteris | *Spoku sonāte*, *Ferdinando* | Valmieras Drāmas teātris |
| 1995 | Ivars Puga | *Salemas raganas* | Latvijas Nacionālais teātris |
| 1996 | Armands Reinfelds | *Kā lēna un mierīga upe ir atgriešanās* | Jaunais Rīgas teātris |
| 1997 | Jakovs Rafalsons | *Nāves deja* | Mihaila Čehova Rīgas Krievu teātris |
| 1998 | Tālivaldis Lasmanis | *Ivanovs*, *Varkaļu pagasta skolotājs*, *Kamīnā klusi dzied vējš* | Valmieras Drāmas teātris |
| 1999 | Juris Bartkevičs | *Paula kungs*, *ART* | Dailes teātris, Mūris |
| | Ivars Stonins | *Kaupēn, mans mīļais!* | Liepājas teātris |
| 2000 | Rūdolfs Plēpis | *Sapņu spēles jeb Dvēseles kumēdiņi* | Daugavpils teātris |
| 2001 | Jakovs Rafalsons (2.) | *Skapēna blēdības* | Mihaila Čehova Rīgas Krievu teātris |
| 2002 | Aigars Vilims | *Tumšie brieži*, *Pazudušais dēls* | Valmieras Drāmas teātris |
| 2003 | Uldis Dumpis | *Dzelzszāle*, *Ienesīgā vieta* | Latvijas Nacionālais teātris |
| 2004 | Ivars Puga (2.) | *Kam no Vilka kundzes bail?* | Latvijas Nacionālais teātris |
| 2005 | Andris Keišs | *Latviešu stāsti*, *Mēnesis uz laukiem*, *Līze Luīze* | Jaunais Rīgas teātris |
| 2006 | Gundars Āboliņš | *Soņa*, *Ledus. Kolektīva grāmatas lasīšana ar iztēles palīdzību Rīgā* | Jaunais Rīgas teātris |
| | Artūrs Skrastiņš | *Spilvencilvēks*, *Naži vistās* | Dailes teātris |
| 2007 | Egons Dombrovskis | *CV (Tēvocis Vaņa)*, *Killera dienasgrāmata*, *Sniegbaltītes skola* | Liepājas teātris |
| 2008 | Juris Lisners | *Jūdas skūpsts*, *Smiltāju mantinieki (Mājās)* | Latvijas Nacionālais teātris |
| 2009 | Vilis Daudziņš | *Vectēvs* | Jaunais Rīgas teātris |
| 2010 | Kaspars Znotiņš | *Ziedonis un visums* | Jaunais Rīgas teātris |
| 2011 | Andris Keišs | *Otello* | Jaunais Rīgas teātris |
| 2012 | Ģirts Krūmiņš | *Oblomovs*, *Vigīlija. Sapnis par nomodu* | Jaunais Rīgas teātris |


title: St Leonard's Forest

abstract: St Leonard's Forest is at the western end of the Wealden Forest Ridge which runs from Horsham to Tonbridge, and is part of the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. It lies on the ridge to the south of the A264 between Horsham and Crawley with the villages of Colgate and Lower Beeding within it. The A24 lies to west and A23 to the East and A272 through Cowfold to the south. Much has been cleared, but a large area is still wooded. Forestry England has 289 ha. which is open to the public, as are Owlbeech and Leechpool Woods to the east of Horsham, and Buchan Country Park to the SW of Crawley. The rest is private with just a few public footpaths and bridleways. Leonardslee Gardens were open to the public until July 2010 and re-opened in April 2019. An area of 85.4 hectares is St Leonards Forest Site of Special Scientific Interest. The main car parks are at Roosthole close to Mannings Heath Golf Club for the Forestry Commission, Owlbeech/Leechpool on Harwood Road (B2195), and Buchan Country Park on the A264. The High Weald Landscape Trail leads from Horsham Station east across the forest to Handcross. The Sussex Ouse Valley Way crosses the south of the forest from Lower Beeding to Handcross. It is one of the "Fower stately Wood Nymphs" of the Forest Ridge which were part of the ancient Andreaswald or Andreadswald, now the Weald. Earlier used for hunting, by the 16th century they were the centre of the English iron industry. The hammer ponds remain, the dams of those in St. Leonard's forest being crossed by Hammerpond Road between Horsham and Handcross, and today are used for fishing.

text:
# St Leonard's Forest

**St Leonard's Forest** is at the western end of the Wealden Forest Ridge which runs from Horsham to Tonbridge, and is part of the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. It lies on the ridge to the south of the A264 between Horsham and Crawley with the villages of Colgate and Lower Beeding within it. The A24 lies to west and A23 to the East and A272 through Cowfold to the south. Much has been cleared, but a large area is still wooded. Forestry England has 289 ha. (714 acres) which is open to the public (many regard this as *The* St. Leonard's Forest), as are Owlbeech (mainly heathland) and Leechpool Woods (claimed by Horsham District Council to be ancient woodland) to the east of Horsham, and Buchan Country Park to the SW of Crawley. The rest is private with just a few public footpaths and bridleways. Leonardslee Gardens were open to the public until July 2010 and re-opened in April 2019. An area of 85.4 hectares (211 acres) is St Leonards Forest Site of Special Scientific Interest.

The main car parks are at Roosthole close to Mannings Heath Golf Club for the Forestry Commission, Owlbeech/Leechpool on Harwood Road (B2195), and Buchan Country Park on the A264.

The High Weald Landscape Trail leads from Horsham Station east across the forest to Handcross. The Sussex Ouse Valley Way crosses the south of the forest from Lower Beeding to Handcross.

It is one of the "Fower stately Wood Nymphs" (Michael Drayton, 1611, Poly-Olbion, Song 17) of the Forest Ridge (the other three being Worth, Ashdown and Waterdown forests) which were part of the ancient Andreaswald or Andreadswald, now the Weald.

Earlier used for hunting, by the 16th century they were the centre of the English iron industry. The hammer ponds remain, the dams of those in St. Leonard's forest being crossed by Hammerpond Road between Horsham and Handcross, and today are used for fishing.

## Geology

St Leonards Forest is at the western end of a plunging anticline at the centre of the Weald. The height varies from 144 metres O.D. in Pease Pottage to 40 metres O.D. in Horsham. The streams flowing north from the forest are known as brooks - those east of Colgate eventually form the River Mole while those west of Colgate flow into Chennells Brook to join those flowing south (called gills) and together form the River Arun. The latter have cut down exposing bedrock in places. The Forest Ridge east of Colgate is therefore the watershed between the River Thames and the South Coast. The southern edge of the forest drains into the River Adur, and the Ouse drains the south-eastern corner.

Forest Road runs along the top of the anticline, the beds dipping to the north and south at Pease Pottage, to the north west and South West at Colgate, to the west at Horsham and further west the sandstone is covered by the Weald clay. The most western point is at the A24 Broadbridge Heath Roundabout so Horsham is within the forest geologically speaking.

The northern boundary is very distinct, the Holmbush Fault which has a throw of some 30 metres runs from Warnham Mill through Faygate Roundabout on the A264, along the northern edge of Douster and Broadfield Ponds and is best seen immediately north of the top carpark in Tilgate Park. It is marked by a sudden increase in slope when travelling north to south. The southern edge is much more complicated with a large number of faults and folds, but approximates to the A272. The geology continues east into Tilgate and Worth Forests.

The geology consists of beds of sandstones, siltstones and clays, often with a high iron content, called the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation which are at the top of the Hastings Beds, the lower part of the Wealden Group.

Although mainly sandstones and siltstones there are several layers of clay revealed by muddy sections on the paths and tracks. There are few exposures except in the beds of the streams. The fields are mainly on the sandstones. Those with a constant slope are locally called plains (Shelley Plain and Plummers Plain for example). There are three named sandstones along the ridge, each about three metres thick, but sometimes split by a bed of clay. The lowest is the Shelley Plain sandstone, above that the Colgate sandstone forms the crest of the anticline in Colgate and Pease Pottage. The highest bed is the Roffey Park sandstone which forms the top of Blackhill. Further south a particularly strong sandstone bed is known as Tilgate Stone, but this term has also been used for the whole formation. It was frequently quarried for buildings. A thinly bedded layer is known as Horsham Stone, being quarried to the SW of Horsham, and was used for pavements and roofs. In some examples it has a corrugated surface of ripple marks. Although at a lower altitude it is part of the Wealden Clay formation, deposited later than the Hastings Beds, and is exposed in the forest between the Sidnye Farm and Borde Hill faults SE of Lower Beeding, and between Crabtree and Cowfold, again due to faulting.

The beds in the western part of the forest have sufficient iron to have been worth mining – clays, silts and sandstones were all mined.

These rocks were laid down in an early Cretaceous floodplain of either a braided or meandering river whose source was in the high ground of Londinia to the north east. The clays indicate rising sea levels turned the flood plain into a coastal lagoon at times. Several thousand feet of Weald clay, greensands and chalk have been eroded from the top of the anticline.

The main source for the above is The Horsham Memoir.

## History

### Early history

The forest was part of the large wooded area now known as the Weald which extended from Hampshire east to the sea between Eastbourne and Dover, and bounded by the North and South Downs which are formed of chalk and hence have a very different vegetation. The Weald was mainly impenetrable, but vegetation must have been thinner on the poor sandy beds that top the forest ridge because Mesolithic people created a trackway along the top and have left tumuli and worked flints along its route.

The forest was opened up to a limited extent by the South Saxons pushing north from the South Coast, and the Middle Saxons south from the North Downs. However, the boundary between the two was not along the watershed, but along the Clay Ridge to the north (the Surrey/Sussex border).

### St. Leonard of Limousin

The forest's name is believed to have come from St Leonard (AD c485-559), a Frankish nobleman who was baptised at the court of King Clovis in 498 by St Remigius, Bishop of Rheims, and then settled for a religious life. St. Leonard's prayers ensured the safe delivery of Clovis's child, and he was given as a reward as much land as he could ride round on a donkey in a day. He established a monastery on this land at Noblac near Limoges, and became its abbot. In his old age he became a forest hermit.

Noblac became a place of pilgrimage and was visited by crusaders including Richard Coeur de Lion, and it may be that this is how the story came to the south of England where some one hundred churches are named after the saint. However, local legend says that St. Leonard's hermitage was in this forest although this seems extremely unlikely.

The tithes for the forest were granted to Sele Priory in Upper Beeding and St. Leonard was regarded by the Benedictines who built a hermitage dedicated to him in the forest although the site is unknown. This may be the same place as the Chapel of St. Leonard built by the Braoses of Bramber Castle.

### The dragons

There is also a legend of St. Leonard the Dragon Slayer. Æthelweard's Chronicle of 770AD mentions "Monstrous serpents were seen in the country of the Southern Angles that is called Sussex". St. Leonard was injured and Lilies of the Valley grow where his blood fell - an area of the forest is still called The Lily Beds. As a reward he requested that snakes be banished and the nightingales which interrupted his prayers should be silenced. However, dragons were still around in August 1614 as a pamphlet was published with the title "Discourse relating a strange and monstrous Serpent (or Dragon) lately discovered, and yet living, to the great Annoyance and divers Slaughters both of Men and Cattell, by his strong and violent Poyson. In Sussex, two miles from Horsam, in a Woode called St. Leonards Forrest, and thirtie miles from London, this present month of August, 1614".

Today the only dragons are the public house at Colgate or the 2001 bronze dragon statue in Horsham Park.

### The Middle Ages

In 1086 the Sauvage family held Sedgwick Park on the west of the forest, and it was subsequently held by the Braoses of Bramber Castle who were given a licence to crenellate Sedgwick Castle in 1258. At this time the main use of the forest was pannage with the lords of Bramber and Bewbush holding the rights. The tithes of pannage and herbage were given to Sele Priory in 1235. The forest also had wild horses, and this may be the origins of the name Horsham which dates back to the 10th century. A horse fair was held on St Leonard's Day in the 15th century. Deer and timber belonged to the lord. Timber from the forest was sent to Dover in 1214 for use in the new great hall. Oak was given to the Bishop of Chichester in 1234 for the cathedral. Sele Priory had the rights to the underwood in 1234 - this was used to produce charcoal, hence the name Colgate (a charcoal burner was known as a collier). In 1295 the forest contained deer, hares, rabbits, pheasants and herons.

Later the forest was surrounded by a pale or fence and was technically a chase rather than a forest (used for hunting but not under forest law). There were gates into the forest, some of whose names still remain - Faygate in the north, Monk's Gate in the south west and Pease Pottage Gate (the gate was dropped from the name in 1877) in the east. Other gates were between subdivisions within the forest such as Colgate. Some names refer to clearings - Doomsday Green and Mannings Heath for example.

Little is known of the forest apart from legal records until the building of the hermitage or chapel, by which time it was known as Lower Beeding \- Lower meaning inferior or new. The forest was larger than the modern parish, effectively the part of the Rape of Bramber in the High Weald including Rusper, Ifield, the eastern part of modern Horsham and Nuthurst. The eastern boundary was the border of the Rape of Bramber, to the east of which it became Worth Forest in the Rape of Lewes although today there is not a clear boundary between the two. The Hundred of Burbeach consisted of Upper Beeding in the south and Lower Beeding and Ifield in the north and the whole of this northern part was known as St Leonards, but it extended further to the west. The first large scale map of Sussex by Saxton in 1575 shows Crawley and Slaugham churches, The Forest of St Leonard's extending north to nearly the Surrey border, and Word Forest, but just white space between them. Speed's map of 1610 (surveyed by John Nordon about 1595) also shows three enclosed parks - St. Leonard's, Schelley and Bewbush, with the Rape border and Tylgate Forest on the east. Neither map shows any roads.

### 16th century

In the 16th century the forest was divided into bailiwicks \- Roffey, Bewbush, Alkynburne (Hawksbourne), Horningbrook, Hyde, Shelley, Whitebarrow, Thrustlehole, Herony, Gosden and Patchgate, many of which are still recognisable today. It was around this time that the forest started to be cleared, wood being used for barrels, buildings and charcoal, the latter being used for both iron production and by the townsfolk of Horsham. In 1553 it was reported that there were no deer or other game in the forest. By the end of the century there were some 40 farms in the forest. These were not very successful except in Bewbush because of the poor soil.

It is not known when ironworking started in the forest, but it was well established by the middle of the century. It is known that the Romans worked iron nearby at Crawley, and there may have been workings earlier than the 16th century, but there are no remains or records, except for a thousand horseshoes produced at a forge at Roffey in 1327. The most obvious remains today are Hawkins Pond and Hammer Pond on the sources of the Arun, the dams of which are used by Hammerpond Road to cross the deep gills. There was a blast furnace at Bewbush which produced pig iron, and this was converted to wrought iron by the finery forges below the two ponds. The water was required to drive a waterwheel which in turn raised the trip hammers. Around 1584 a blast furnace was built at Hammer Pond to process ore from near Colgate, up to a 1000 loads of ore per year.

Another furnace was built at Crabtree in about 1580, the ore coming from Minepits Wood, and 49 miners were employed in 1587. There were also furnaces at Slaugham which obtained their ore from the forest - Furnace Pond is in both Slaugham and Lower Beeding.

The main iron products were cannon and firebacks. Graveslabs are also found in some churches.

Iron production in the area finished about 1650 when the iron works were destroyed by a parliamentary force.

The iron industry was not solely responsible for the loss of the woods because although a few large timbers were used for buildings and machinery, the main requirement was for charcoal which was produced initially from the undertimber and later by coppicing.

### 17th century

The Crown had the rights to the timber in 1602 and during the first half of the century much of the large timber had been used for shipbuilding. Other timber was used for charcoal, and by the middle of the century large areas had been cleared, especially Bewbush and Shelley Plain. Cattle, sheep and rabbits prevented regrowth and these two areas remained arable. Elsewhere the forest degenerated into heathland, although there were intermittent attempts to farm it.

### 18th century

Rabbits were the main produce of the forest. The first warrens are mentioned in 1614. At the beginning of the 18th century there were five including the Great Warren to the south of Colgate, Plummers Plain and Sibballs (now known as Holmbush). By the end of the century, the latter had some twelve thousand rabbits, London being the main market. The forest was described as bleak and barren as the Cumberland and Yorkshire moorland, and William Cobbett who travelled from Pease Pottage to Horsham in 1823 described it as "six of the worst miles in England...The first two of these miserable miles go through the estate of Lord ERSKINE \[Lord Chancellor\]. It was a bare heath here and there, in the better parts of it, some scrubby birch. It has been, in part, planted with fir-trees, which are as ugly as the heath was; and, in short, it is a most villainous track".

However Michael Mills planted a straight avenue of trees around 1720, and although these were blown down in 1836, the line of the avenue remains as a long narrow clearing (legend says that Mick Mills raced the devil and won - he went so fast that he burnt the trees on either side and they would never regrow).

### 19th century

Much of the heathland was converted into pasture, but trees, mainly larch, fir, oak, sweet chestnut and spruce, were also planted, mainly in the large estates such as Holmbush, Bewbush and Buchan Hill. Exotic gardens containing magnolias, rhododendrons etc. were developed in the second half of the century, Leonardslee and South Lodge being two well known examples. New dams were built to create lakes for ornamentation at Leonardslee, fishing and boating at Buchan Hill. A tower 106 feet high was built at Holmbush, hence the name Tower Road which replaced Beacon Hill which gives an indication of its former use, probably in Napoleonic times.

### 20th century

The main change in the 20th century as far as vegetation was concerned was the spread of rhododendron throughout the forest except where the dense planting by the Forestry Commission prevented it growing. The proportion of heathland diminished except where it was deliberately preserved, as in Buchan Country Park. The opening of this park and also Owlbeech and Leechpool Woods near Horsham took place in the second half of the century and these together with Forestry England land afford public access to parts of the forest. Building has increased throughout the forest although it is now an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

Two large golf courses were constructed at Mannings Heath and Buchan Hill. Both have 36 holes, and the first at Mannings Heath dates back to 1905. Buchan Hill is post second world war.

### 21st century

There is a campaign to reduce the area covered by rhododendron - unfortunately the more it is cut back the more it regrows. The proportion of native woodland will be increased over the next thirty years.

In The Dragon's Eye, Part 1 of The Dragonology Chronicles, St. Leonard's Forest is where many dragons live. St Leonard's Forest and its dragons also features in the Hellboy story The Nature of The Beast. In Episode 4 of BBC's Elizabeth R, Horrible Conspiracies, Mary, Queen of Scots complaining of her captivity, mentions Saint Leonard's forest as a "wood where nightingales never sing," because "some unseen evil drives them away".

51°03′47″N 0°16′05″W / 51.063°N 0.268°W / 51.063; -0.268

## InfoBox

| St Leonard's Forest | |
| --- | --- |
| Bluebells in St Leonard's Forest in 2009 | |
| Geography | |
| Location | West Sussex, England |
| Elevation | 40 metres (130 ft) to 145 metres (476 ft) |
| Area | 12 sq mi (31 km2) |
| Administration | |
| Governing body | Multiple - Forestry England, Horsham District Council, Private |
| Ecology | |
| Disturbance | Rhododendron |
| Lesser flora | Bilberry |
| Fauna | Blue butterfly, stonechat |


title: St Leonard's Hospital, Ferndown

abstract: St Leonard's Hospital is a health facility in Ferndown, Dorset, England. It is managed by Dorset HealthCare University NHS Foundation Trust.

text:
# St Leonard's Hospital, Ferndown

**St Leonard's Hospital** is a health facility in Ferndown, Dorset, England. It is managed by Dorset HealthCare University NHS Foundation Trust.

## History

The facility was built for American and Canadian military personnel arriving at Hurn Airport and was completed in 1942 during the Second World War. At the end of the war General Dwight D. Eisenhower planted an oak tree to commemorate the event. It joined the National Health Service as a geriatric facility in 1948 and, after most of the wartime buildings were cleared away in the 1960s, a small community hospital was established on the site. In September 2018 the Fayrewood Ward was closed as services started to transfer to the Royal Bournemouth Hospital.

## InfoBox

| St Leonard's Hospital | |
| --- | --- |
| Dorset HealthCare University NHS Foundation Trust | |
| St Leonard's Hospital | |
| Shown in Dorset | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Ferndown, Dorset, England |
| Coordinates | 50°49′03″N 1°51′22″W / 50.8176°N 1.85612°W / 50.8176; -1.85612 |
| Organisation | |
| Care system | NHS |
| Type | Community |
| History | |
| Opened | 1942 |
| Links | |
| Website | www.dorsethealthcare.nhs.uk |
| Lists | Hospitals in England |


abstract: The St. John the Baptist Church is a Macedonian Orthodox church in the neighbourhood of Novo Selo, Štip. The church is registered as a Cultural Heritage site of North Macedonia. The church is located high on the rocks in the suburb of Novo Selo, on the right bank of the river Otinja.

text:
# St. John the Baptist Church, Novo Selo, Štip

The **St. John the Baptist Church** is a Macedonian Orthodox church in the neighbourhood of Novo Selo, Štip. The church is registered as a Cultural Heritage site of North Macedonia.

The church is located high on the rocks in the suburb of Novo Selo, on the right bank of the river Otinja.

## History

The church was built in 1350 with the support of Jovan Probištipovikj (Jovan of Probištip) at a time when the land was owned by the despot Jovan Oliver.

## Features

It is a small single-nave church without a dome. The south façade is decorated with lizens, and above the west entrance there is a profiled niche similar to the one on the south side, in which there is a fresco by the patron John the Baptist. Only insignificant fragments of the frescoes are preserved - the representation of Saints Constantine and Helena on the southern wall.

## InfoBox

| St. John the Baptist Church | |
| --- | --- |
| Црква „Св. Јован Крстител“ | |
| The church in 2022 | |
|  | |
| 41°44′13″N 22°11′03″E / 41.736833°N 22.184111°E / 41.736833; 22.184111 | |
| Country | North Macedonia |
| Denomination | Eastern Orthodox<br>Macedonian Orthodox Church |
| Website | www.bregalnickaeparhija.org.mk |
| History | |
| Dedication | John the Baptist |
| Architecture | |
| Completed | 1350 |
| Administration | |
| Diocese | Bregalnica Diocese |
| Parish | Novo Selo Parish |


title: St. John the Baptist Church, Mumbai

abstract: St. John the Baptist Church is an abandoned and ruined church presently located within the SEEPZ Industrial Area, in Andheri, Mumbai, India. It was built by the Portuguese Jesuits in 1579 and opened to public worship on the feast of John the Baptist that year. It also had an attached graveyard. The church was abandoned in 1840 after an epidemic hit the village. Fr. José Lourenço Pais, the then Vicar of Kondivita transferred the church to the nearby Marol village. The baptismal font, pillars and altars were transferred to the new church. After abandonment, the church fell into decay and vegetation started to take over the ruins. Despite being abandoned, the native Christians visit the church once every year, as is traditional worldwide. The church was handed back to Fr. Rodney Esperance of Bombay Archdiocese in 2003 by the then Maharashtra Chief Minister Sushil Kumar Shinde.

text:
# St. John the Baptist Church, Mumbai

**St. John the Baptist Church** is an abandoned and ruined church presently located within the SEEPZ Industrial Area, in Andheri, Mumbai, India. It was built by the Portuguese Jesuits in 1579 and opened to public worship on the feast of John the Baptist that year. It also had an attached graveyard. The church was abandoned in 1840 after an epidemic hit the village. Fr. José Lourenço Pais, the then Vicar of Kondivita transferred the church to the nearby Marol village. The baptismal font, pillars and altars were transferred to the new church.

After abandonment, the church fell into decay and vegetation started to take over the ruins. Despite being abandoned, the native Christians visit the church once every year, as is traditional worldwide.

The church was handed back to Fr. Rodney Esperance of Bombay Archdiocese in 2003 by the then Maharashtra Chief Minister Sushil Kumar Shinde.

* *Roofless, but soul is intact*, Jeetha D'Silva, Times of India, pg-5, 2005-07-10
* Sarna, Deepa H (15 May 2007). "St. John's opens for mass". DNA. Retrieved 13 June 2018.

## InfoBox

| St. John the Baptist Church | |
| --- | --- |
| Igreja de São João Batista | |
| Ruins of St. John the Baptist Church | |
| St. John the Baptist ChurchLocation of the church | |
| 19°07′18″N 72°52′28″E / 19.1216159°N 72.8743576°E / 19.1216159; 72.8743576 | |
| Location | Andheri, Mumbai |
| Country | India |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| Tradition | Latin Rite |
| History | |
| Status | Ruins |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Inactive (since 1840 AD)<br>Semi-active (since 2003 AD) |
| Architectural type | Church |
| Style | Baroque |
| Years built | 1579 AD |
| Administration | |
| Diocese | Archdiocese of Bombay |


title: Clepsis gerasimovi

abstract: Clepsis gerasimovi is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.

text:
# Clepsis gerasimovi

***Clepsis gerasimovi*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.

## InfoBox

| *Clepsis gerasimovi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Clepsis* |
| Species: | ***C. gerasimovi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Clepsis gerasimovi***<br>Danilevsky, 1963 | |
|


title: Sri Krishnapuram Temple

abstract: Sri Krishnapuram Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Krishna situated in Kottayam, Kerala.

text:
# Sri Krishnapuram Temple

**Sri Krishnapuram Temple** is a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Krishna situated in Kottayam, Kerala.

## Location

Thalappalam Sri Krishnapuram Temple is located in Thalappalam, near Erattupetta, Kottayam District, Kerala, India. Lord Sri Krishna is the main Prathishta in the temple.

## Legend

Thalappulam has been a seat of spirituality from time immemorial. *Thala* means "head" and *pulam* means "hamlet" or "place" . The meaning can be "the land of lands" or the place which is above other places. People of diverse cultures inhabited the land. They comprised Brahmanical, Sudra and Tribal origins. Consequent on internal feuds and fear of rivals gradually the Brahmins deserted the place searching for safer pastures. The tribals by nature led a nomadic way of life, never used to stick to a particular abode, drifted to other places. The remaining ‘Sudras’ were leading a serene, self-satisfied pastoral life devoting the time and resources for farming and agriculture. The people while following pastoral vocation in the fields, their iron tool struck up on something queer... Thereupon they stood stunning at the sight of the celestial spirit. Actually this might have caused to lay the foundation stone to the temple. The people of the hamlet were of both Vaishnava and Saiva sects.

## History

The deity of Lord Krishna was formally deified by the Tantric priest from The Thazhmon Madomon 22nd Midhunam of 1078. The legend regarding this tells an interesting story... It is believed that the people in general wanted to have a Siva temple. It was not in complete unison with their will that the temple of Sreekrishna was deified there. The Thazhmon Tantri had brought from his Mana the Vigraha of Lord Krishna and got established there as the presiding deity. The Vigraha was once worshipped by a Brahmin woman who later entrusted it with the Thazhmon Madham. The spiritual longing to have Lord Siva as a dominant deity had consummated into the establishment of a temple for Lord Siva consequent on and as a solution for famine, calamities and epidemics. The vigraha of Lord Siva was ceremoniously consecrated on 26th Edavam of 1124. The shortcomings due to absence of a Goddess was overcome with the establishment of a sreekovil for the Goddess. The Nair family namely, Kochupurakkal, had the administration and the ownership of the temple. Later a section of the family moved to temple neighborhood for administrative convenience. The Kochupurakkal families jointly resolved to hand over the administration and ownership of the temple and its land holdings to 196 N.S.S. Karayogam Thalappulam. The Karayuogam is now carrying forward the good work for the benefit of the worshippers of the whole Hindu community. Now a word about the deities and their uniqueness. The two deities are in duo mode, namely, Radha-Krishna/Parvathi-Parameswara... The devotees, therefore, come to worship the Gods in duo mode as husband and wife for having good progeny. The same vigraha which was brought from Thazhmon Madham will be ceremoniously re-consecrated in the new sreekovil by the Tantric priest from the same Brahmonical tharavadu, Thazhmon Madham after 111 years from its first introduction.

## InfoBox

| Sri Krishnapuram Temple | |
| --- | --- |
| ശ്രീ കൃഷ്ണപുരം ക്ഷേത്രം | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Hinduism |
| District | Kottayam |
| Deity | Sri Krishna |
| Location | |
| Location | Thalappalam, Erattupetta |
| State | Kerala |
| Country | India |
| Sri Krishnapuram Temple, Thalappalam, Kottayam, Kerala | |
| Geographic coordinates | 9°42′45.0″N 76°46′18.8″E / 9.712500°N 76.771889°E / 9.712500; 76.771889 |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Kerala style |
| Specifications | |
| Temple(s) | One |
| Elevation | 62.05 m (204 ft) |


title: Clarkenia triangulifera

abstract: Clarkenia triangulifera is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Pichincha Province, Ecuador. The wingspan is 23 mm.

text:
# Clarkenia triangulifera

***Clarkenia triangulifera*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Pichincha Province, Ecuador.

The wingspan is 23 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Clarkenia triangulifera* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Clarkenia* |
| Species: | ***C. triangulifera*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Clarkenia triangulifera***<br>Razowski & Wojtusiak, 2008 | |
|


title: Clarkenia superba

abstract: Clarkenia superba is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Colombia.

text:
# Clarkenia superba

***Clarkenia superba*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Colombia.

## InfoBox

| *Clarkenia superba* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Clarkenia* |
| Species: | ***C. superba*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Clarkenia superba***<br>Razowski, 1988 | |
|


title: St. John's Church, Meerut

abstract: The Saint John the Baptist, or John's Church, is a parish church in the diocese of Agra of Church of North India, and is located Meerut, India. The church building was built from 1819 to 1821 and is the oldest Church in North India. Near to this church lies St. John's Church cemetery. The grounds contain trees and greenery. The parish motto Unity, Witness and Service found at the entrance serves to remind parishioners and guests alike of the purpose of this church.

text:
# St. John's Church, Meerut

The **Saint John the Baptist**, or **John's Church**, is a parish church in the diocese of Agra of **Church of North India**, and is located Meerut, India. The church building was built from 1819 to 1821 and is the **oldest Church in North India**. Near to this church lies St. John's Church cemetery. The grounds contain trees and greenery.

The parish motto **Unity, Witness and Service** found at the entrance serves to remind parishioners and guests alike of the purpose of this church.

## History

The parish was founded in 1819 to serve the military garrison stationed locally. Its founder was British Army chaplain, the Rev. Henry Fischer, a Church of England clergyman, posted to Meerut, India. The parish church of St John the Baptist is the oldest church edifice in the northern half of India. It still houses a huge but non-functioning pipe organ, which employed manually operated bellows to supply the organ with air. The wooden pews and kneelers, brass eagle lectern, marble baptistry, and stained glass windows all date back nearly two centuries.

## Architecture

St John's church building conforms to a style of English parish church architecture popular before the Gothic Revival, and is modelled on the Palladian or classical style, which was well suited to local conditions with a large open interior space for worship in which air could circulate freely in sometimes stifling temperatures. It includes an upper seating area (balcony), no longer in use. Dating back almost 200 years, renovations have changed little to the church fabric, making it a fine example of an Anglican parish church of the early 1800s.

## Church services

English Sunday Service is held in the morning, and usually includes Holy Communion if a priest is available. Holy Communion is offered to baptized Christians of all major denominations. St John's Church follows the Anglican rite and Book of Common Prayer liturgy.

Normal Sunday services times are 8:30 a.m. (summer), and 9:30 a.m. (winter), with services at 10:00 a.m. on the major Christian feast days of Easter and Christmas as well as to mark the New Year. Visitors are always welcomed.

## Parish

Most of the parishioners of St John's Church are from Meerut, and some travel more than 50 miles to attend major services or events. Members of the congregation span almost four generations and the elders have kept alive some of the traditions of a different era. Every year during Christmas the Parish Club comes alive and with the School organizes various functions and plays both for the congregation and guests.

## St John's Church cemetery

Some of the graves are more than a century old and contain engraved headstones, carved pillars and some very elegant tombs bordering on antiquity. The older ones in the graveyard are falling apart due to weathering, and a curious visitor may have to navigate through some unfriendly underbrush and rough terrain.

### Notable burials

## St John's school

The parish is home to a senior secondary school which follows the Indian C.B.S.E. curriculum and is under the auspices of the same diocese as the parish church. It is located at 117, Bank Street, a few kilometers from St John's Church building itself.

## InfoBox

| St. John's Church | |
| --- | --- |
| Saint John the Baptist Church | |
| St. John's Church, Meerut in 2009 | |
|  | |
| 29°00′45″N 77°42′32″E / 29.012625°N 77.708895°E / 29.012625; 77.708895 | |
| Location | Meerut |
| Country | India |
| Denomination | Church of North India |
| Membership | 100 |
| Weekly attendance | 50 |
| Website | http://www.stjohnschurchmeerut.org |
| History | |
| Former name(s) | Saint John the Baptist Garrison Church |
| Status | Functional |
| Founded | 1819 |
| Founder(s) | Rev. Henry Fischer |
| Dedication | Rt. Rev. Reginald Heber (Bishop) |
| Consecrated | 1821 |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Sunday morning service |
| Heritage designation | British Anglican Historical building |
| Architect(s) | Captain George Hutchinson |
| Completed | 1819 |
| Specifications | |
| Capacity | 3000 |
| Administration | |
| Diocese | Diocese of Agra (Church of North India) |
| Clergy | |
| Bishop(s) | Rt. Rev.Dr.P.P.Habil |
| Dean | Rev. Paritosh A. Noel |
| Priest(s) | Rev. Rinvi P. Noel |
| Minister(s) | Allison Samuel Masih |
| Laity | |
| Reader(s) | Mr. Rajiv Titus |


title: Education in Montserrat

abstract: Education in Montserrat is compulsory for children between the ages of 5 and 14, and free up to the age of 17. The Government of Montserrat developed an Education in the Country Policy Plan for 1998–2002 in conjunction with the United Kingdom. Under this plan, the government is supporting initiatives in the areas of curriculum development, student assessment and evaluation, professional development for teachers, post-secondary education expansion, and educational infrastructure and information technology. The educational system is similar to that of England. In 1990 all primary school-aged residents were enrolled in school.

text:
# Education in Montserrat

**Education in Montserrat** is compulsory for children between the ages of 5 and 14, and free up to the age of 17. The Government of Montserrat developed an Education in the Country Policy Plan for 1998–2002 in conjunction with the United Kingdom. Under this plan, the government is supporting initiatives in the areas of curriculum development, student assessment and evaluation, professional development for teachers, post-secondary education expansion, and educational infrastructure and information technology.

The educational system is similar to that of England. In 1990 all primary school-aged residents were enrolled in school.

## History

Methodists created two schools, one each in Plymouth and Cavalla Hill. The Sturges family founded the Olveston School.

Despite its small population of about 5,000 residents, Montserrat is home to three offshore medical schools.

## Schools

Government daycares include Lookout Daycare, St. John's Daycare, and Salem Daycare. Government nurseries include Brades Nursery, Lookout Nursery, and Salem Nursery. Aunt Madge Child Care, a private institution, has nursery and daycare services. Lookout Nursery opened in 2001, Lookout Daycare opened in 2002, and Salem Nursery opened in 2005. St. John's Nursery closed in 2001.

There are two government primary schools with Kindergarten and grades 1-6:

* Brades Primary School (Brades)
    + The Methodist Church built the school in 1966. Further additions and renovation were done by the Montserrat government. In 2009 the school was overpopulated; it had 151 students that year.
* Lookout Primary School (Lookout)
    + It was established after the 1997 Soufrière Hills volcanic eruption, beginning as a secondary institution in 1997. In 2001 it was converted into a primary institution. There are three buildings, with Building 1 at the highest-most point. In 2009 it had 174 students.

There are two private primary schools with Kindergarten and grades 1-6:

* St. Augustine Catholic Primary School (Brades)
* Lighthouse Primary School
* Samuel Academy (opened 2005)

There is also a Special Needs Unit primary school which opened in 2003.

The only secondary school (pre-16 years of age) on the island is the Montserrat Secondary School (MSS), a government-operated school in Salem. Montserrat Community College (MCC) is a community college (post-16 and tertiary) in Salem. MCC took over sixth-form college from MSS upon its opening in 2004.

The University of the West Indies maintains its Montserrat Open Campus. The University of Science, Arts and Technology in Olveston, a private tertiary institution, was established in 2003 and is accredited by Montserrat's Ministry of Education.

### Pre-1997

In the pre-1997 era, Montserrat had state, private, and church schools. In 1989 the island had two day care centres. Its 12 nursery schools had 460 students in 1988. Its 12 primary schools had 1,403 students in 1988.

* Kinsdale Primary School (KPS)
    + It served as a hurricane shelter.
* Plymouth Primary School
* Salem Primary School

Prior to 1928 residents had to go outside Montserrat to get secondary schooling. In 1928, the first secondary institution, Montserrat Boys Grammar School, a government boys-only school, opened. In 1932 a private girls-only secondary school opened. They merged into MSS in 1938.

In the pre-1997 era, Plymouth Junior Secondary School, Salem Junior Secondary School, and the MSS junior section had lower secondary education while MSS senior section had upper secondary education. They were branches of one secondary institution, and together had 1,043 students in 1988.

There was also a technical college, Montserrat Technical College (MTC), with 72 students in 1988.


title: Derk Boerrigter

abstract: Derk Boerrigter is a Dutch former footballer who played as a winger. He began his professional career with Ajax, but did not make any first team appearances and was eventually loaned to Haarlem. He then played for FC Zwolle and RKC Waalwijk before rejoining Ajax. In 2013, he moved abroad to sign for Celtic, playing there until retiring following the 2015–16 season.

text:
# Derk Boerrigter

**Derk Boerrigter** (born 16 October 1986) is a Dutch former footballer who played as a winger. He began his professional career with Ajax, but did not make any first team appearances and was eventually loaned to Haarlem. He then played for FC Zwolle and RKC Waalwijk before rejoining Ajax. In 2013, he moved abroad to sign for Celtic, playing there until retiring following the 2015–16 season.

## Club career

### Ajax (first period)

Born in Oldenzaal, Boerrigter started his career in the youth department of Quick '20. At age twelve he was scouted and recruited by FC Twente, where he played in various youth squads before joining the Academy. While playing for Twente's A1 squad, he impressed scouts from AFC Ajax and in the summer of 2005 he signed a two-year contract with the Amsterdam-based club and joined the selection of Jong Ajax. Although he was on the substitutes bench for several games, he was never able to make his full first team debut.

#### Loan to Haarlem

He was loaned to HFC Haarlem in 2007. He made his professional debut on 2 February 2007, in the home-match against AGOVV Apeldoorn which ended in a 1–1 draw. In this match, he was used as a 70th-minute substitute. He played eight competitive matches during his period in Haarlem, scoring one goal.

### FC Zwolle

After his contract with Ajax expired in 2007, Boerrigter signed a one-year contract with FC Zwolle, with the option for another year. He was a regular starter in Zwolle, and scored 11 goals in 63 league matches.

### RKC Waalwijk

He attracted attention from several big clubs in his home country, but he chose to sign with RKC Waalwijk, who had just won promotion to the Eredivisie. On 1 August 2009, Boerrigter made his Eredivisie debut in a match against FC Utrecht. Boerrigter soon developed into an important player at RKC, being an integral part of the team that won the 2010–11 Eerste Divisie.

### Ajax (second period)

In the January transfer window of 2011 Ajax renewed their interest in Boerrigter, making an unsuccessful attempt to purchase him. However, in the summer of 2011 he finally returned to Ajax, signing a three-year contract. He received squad number 21 for the 2011–12 season. He made his debut on 30 July 2011 in the 2–1 loss against Twente for the Johan Cruijff Shield, replacing Kolbeinn Sigþórsson in the 66th minute. In his first Eredivisie match for Ajax he scored his first goal for the club, in a 4–1 victory over De Graafschap. He continued his good start for the club with goals against Heerenveen, Vitesse, Dinamo Zagreb & Roda JC. After being out a few months with a back injury, Boerrigter made an impact in his second game as he scored two in a 3–1 victory over De Graafschap. Having made 17 appearances for Ajax in the 2011–12 season, Boerrigter scored seven league goals to help his side secure their 31st Eredivisie title.

On 14 April 2013, coming on as a substitute for Christian Poulsen in the 75th minute, Boerrigter scored the match winning goal against rivals PSV Eindhoven in the 77th minute off a long assist from his teammate Christian Eriksen, in which he challenged PSV's defender Erik Pieters and then shot the ball past goalkeeper Boy Waterman, only two minutes after having been brought on. The match ended in a 3–2 victory for Ajax, and proved to be a crucial win for the Amsterdammers, with only four matches left to play in the season. Ajax topped the table at that stage with 66 points, leaving PSV in third-place position with only 60 points in the title pursuit. On 13 July 2013, Boerrigter scored a hat-trick in the first half of a 5–1 away win over his former club RKC Waalwijk, in a pre-season friendly encounter scoring in the 17th, 21st and 28th minutes, helping his side to a 3–1 lead.

### Celtic

On 30 July 2013, Boerrigter signed a four-year deal with Celtic. A transfer fee between the two parties of Ajax and Celtic was agreed upon, since Boerrigter still had two more seasons left on his contract with Ajax. The fee was reported to be around €3.5 million (roughly £3 million) by his agent Søren Lerby. Upon his arrival in Glasgow he was given the number 11 shirt. Boerrigter made his Celtic debut against Ross County on 3 August 2013, but was taken off injured. Celtic went on to win the match 2–1. He scored his first goal for Celtic on 23 November 2013, netting Celtic's second goal in injury time in a 3–1 win over Aberdeen. However, injuries curtailed Boerrigter's first team involvement during his first few months at Celtic.

On 15 August 2014, he was cited by the SFA for diving to unlawfully gain a penalty kick during a match against St. Johnstone. He subsequently accepted a two-match ban for "simulation" in the incident which had also resulted in a red card been issued to St Johnstone defender Dave MacKay. Having made no further first team appearances since, Boerrigter was released from his Celtic contract in April 2016.

## International career

Boerrigter received his first international call up when he was named in the 23-man squad for the friendlies against Switzerland and Germany in November 2011 but did not play due to a back injury.

## Career statistics

*As of 27 December 2015*

| Club performance | | | League | | Cup | | Continental | | Other | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
|
| Netherlands | | | League | | KNVB Cup | | Europe1 | | Other2 | | Total | |
| 2006–07 | Ajax | Eredivisie | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2006–07 | Haarlem | Eerste Divisie | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | | - | | 8 | 1 |
| 2007–08 | FC Zwolle | Eerste Divisie | 32 | 3 | 4 | 2 | - | | 0 | 0 | 36 | 5 |
| 2008–09 | | | 31 | 8 | 1 | 0 | - | | 0 | 0 | 32 | 8 |
| 2009–10 | RKC Waalwijk | Eredivisie | 31 | 7 | 1 | 0 | - | | - | | 32 | 7 |
| 2010–11 | | Eerste Divisie | 33 | 18 | 5 | 4 | - | | - | | 38 | 22 |
| 2011–12 | Ajax | Eredivisie | 17 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 23 | 10 |
| 2012–13 | | | 30 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 43 | 6 |
| 2013–14 | Celtic | Scottish Premiership | 15 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 1 |
| 2014–15 | | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| 2015–16 | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Netherlands | | 182 | 49 | 17 | 8 | 13 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 213 | 59 |
| | Scotland | | 16 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 1 |
| | Career total | | 198 | 50 | 20 | 8 | 20 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 239 | 60 |

1 Includes UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League matches.

2 Includes Johan Cruijff Shield matches.

## Honours

### Club

**RKC Waalwijk**

**Ajax**

**Celtic**

## InfoBox

Derk Boerrigter
| Boerrigter in 2011 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Derk Boerrigter | | |
| Date of birth | (1986-10-16) 16 October 1986 | | |
| Place of birth | Oldenzaal, Netherlands | | |
| Height | 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Winger | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Quick '20 | | |
| 2003–2005 | Twente | | |
| 2005–2006 | Ajax | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2006–2007 | Ajax | 0 | (0) |
| 2007 | Haarlem (loan) | 8 | (1) |
| 2007–2009 | FC Zwolle | 63 | (11) |
| 2009–2011 | RKC Waalwijk | 64 | (25) |
| 2011–2013 | Ajax | 47 | (12) |
| 2013–2016 | Celtic | 16 | (1) |
| Total |  | **198** | **(48)** |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Erick Morillo

abstract: Erick Morillo was a Colombian-American disc jockey, music producer, and record label owner. Having produced under a number of pseudonyms, including Ministers de la Funk, the Dronez, RAW, Smooth Touch, RBM, Deep Soul, Club Ultimate, and Li'l Mo Ying Yang, Morillo was best known for his international work in house music, in particular for the label Strictly Rhythm, and the 1993 hit "I Like to Move It", which he produced under the pseudonym Reel 2 Real, and which was featured in commercials, movies, and ringtones. His label Subliminal Records produced the number-one Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play hit "Fun" by Da Mob, and won the Muzik magazine "Remixer of the Year" award in 1999. Subliminal also brought attention to artists like Eddie Thoneick, Carl Kennedy, and DJ DLG. He was a three-time winner of DJ Awards "Best House DJ" in 1998, 2001, and 2003 and a three-time winner of "Best International DJ" in 2002, 2006, and 2009 receiving a total of 15 nominations in all from 1998 to 2010. He died from a drug overdose at his home in Miami Beach, three days before he was due to appear in court to face rape charges.

text:
# Erick Morillo

**Erick Morillo** (March 26, 1971 – September 1, 2020) was a Colombian-American disc jockey, music producer, and record label owner. Having produced under a number of pseudonyms, including **Ministers de la Funk**, **the Dronez**, **RAW**, **Smooth Touch**, **RBM**, **Deep Soul**, **Club Ultimate**, and **Li'l Mo Ying Yang**, Morillo was best known for his international work in house music, in particular for the label Strictly Rhythm, and the 1993 hit "I Like to Move It", which he produced under the pseudonym Reel 2 Real, and which was featured in commercials, movies, and ringtones. His label Subliminal Records produced the number-one *Billboard* Hot Dance Music/Club Play hit "Fun" by Da Mob, and won the *Muzik* magazine "Remixer of the Year" award in 1999. Subliminal also brought attention to artists like Eddie Thoneick, Carl Kennedy, and DJ DLG. He was a three-time winner of DJ Awards "Best House DJ" in 1998, 2001, and 2003 and a three-time winner of "Best International DJ" in 2002, 2006, and 2009 receiving a total of 15 nominations in all from 1998 to 2010. He died from a drug overdose at his home in Miami Beach, three days before he was due to appear in court to face rape charges.

## Early life

Erick Morillo was born in 1971 in New York. He spent most of his pre-teen years in Cartagena, Colombia, where he lived with his family, and grew accustomed to salsa and merengue music. He moved back to the United States at age 11, living with his mother, Elisa, and sister, Sheila, in an apartment at 1406 Bergenline Avenue in Union City, New Jersey. Influenced by other genres such as reggae, and hip hop, it was also at age 11 that he began DJing weddings for friends and family. He attended grammar school at Saint Joseph and Michael's School, a private Catholic school, graduating in 1985. He graduated from Emerson High School in Union City in 1989.

## Career

### "Muevelo" and "I Like to Move It"

Morillo took a studio engineering course at the New York City's Center for the Media Arts, and began DJing at local clubs, in places like the Love Sexy music lounge on Hudson Street in Hoboken. While working at a club in nearby Weehawken, Morillo met Latin reggae star El General, whom he befriended. The two collaborated in 1991 on the single, "Muevelo", a mixture of reggae, house music, and a sample of T99's techno single "Anasthasia" that became a surprise hit, and went platinum.

As his remixes became familiar in Latin clubs, Morillo branched out through his friendship with New York house veteran "Little" Louie Vega, whom he met through then-unknown singer Marc Anthony, with whom Vega had worked on the seminal 1992 house anthem, "Ride on the Rhythm". According to Morillo, Vega advised him to "focus on vocals". Morillo's next big song came in 1993, when New York's premier house label at the time, Strictly Rhythm, released his "The New Anthem"/"Funky Buddha" 12. The song did well in the charts and in clubs, garnering attention for Morillo. Later that year, Strictly Rhythm released the Reel 2 Real's second single "I Like to Move It". The song, which has been described by *Mixer* as "part Euro-cheese, part pop A&R man's wet dream", became a staple international dance hit for both Reel 2 Real and Strictly Rhythm. It made Morillo a millionaire and thrust him into a globe-trotting life that included weekly trips to Europe to tape MTV Europe in between stateside promotions. In response to the song's success, Morillo recorded the full-length album *Move It!*, which was released in 1994, and spawned several singles that did particularly well in England. This was followed by a 1996 album from which several other singles were released, most notably "Mueve la Cadera" ("Move Your Body").

### From Reel 2 Real to Subliminal

Despite being believed to have made over $2 million from Reel 2 Real, Morillo feared that his financial success may have hurt both his creative drive and his street credibility. Wanting to create respectable house music, he produced "Jazz It Up", launching it under the label of the Erick Morillo Project, in order to ensure street credibility. The song did well, and boosted his confidence. He and Louie Vega collaborated as Lil' Mo' Ying Yang and released the 1995 single "Reach". Morillo intended a third album for Reel to Real, but his relationship with the Mad Stuntman soured, which derailed the project. Searching for a way to reinvent himself, Morillo attended The Forum, a self-help seminar in New York City, where he gained insight into finding happiness through things other than wealth and his frantic work schedule. The seminar also enabled him to escape his creative rut by helping him analyze his past and set future goals, one of which was to become a successful global DJ. He abandoned the Reel 2 Real alias in 1996, and concentrated on DJing, becoming a favorite in Ibiza, Europe and Australia.

Finishing his relationship with Strictly Rhythm, Morillo took the advice of Strictly Rhythm owner Mark Finkelstein, whom Morillo calls "a fair person and a business mentor", and decided to distance himself from R2R's pop past. In 1997, he partnered with Christina Pazzanese, who worked with DJ Sneak, Junior Sanchez, Josh Wink and Armand van Helden at X-Mix, and together, they launched Subliminal Records and Subliminal Management. Pazzanese, who came up with the subliminal name, directed both the label and the management companies while Morillo oversaw A&R and rebuilt his image. DJ Sneak and Jr. Sanchez came over with Pazzanese, joining Morillo's friends, DJ/producers José Nunez and Harry Choo Choo Romero. Morillo described Subliminal's sound as "ghetto music", branded with European-designed record sleeves, "but with class". Its first single was 1998's "Fun", which featured Chicago diva Dajae, and drew positive response via test pressings and buzz across the Atlantic. However, Dajae refused to sign the contract with Subliminal, so vocalist Jocelyn Brown was hired to re-record the vocals. Brown's collaboration with Subliminal is known as "Da Mob", and their version of "Fun" became a #1 Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play hit. Eventually, DJ Sneak left with Pazzanese in 1998 for her firm, Tight Artist Management, in New York City. Junior Sanchez also left Subliminal management in late 1998. The remaining trio of Morillo, Romero and Nunez are also known as the remix team the Dronez. With Subliminal, Morillo achieved financial success. The trio won *Muzik* magazine's Remixer of the Year award in 1999.

### Club nights

In late 1999, Morillo completed a U.S. tour. His club night "Subliminal Night" in New York City featured Danny Tenaglia, Darren Emerson, Bob Sinclar, Derrick Carter, Tiger Tim Stevens, Mark Farina and Tony Humphries in guest spots. Morillo has also hosted various other club nights across the globe, such as his mid-week Subliminal Sessions parties at Champs in New York. When they were evicted from that venue, the Sessions relaunched at Centro-Fly. Commenting on his socializing with promoters, Morillo says:

> I party with the promoters I play for. A lot of DJs don't like to do that; they play the party, go back to the hotel and then get ready to go home. Not me. I don't deny it! For me a DJ is someone who brings a vibe. If you don't party, then how do you bring that vibe?

Morillo hosted various other club nights across the globe, such as the annual Crobar party in Miami (ULTRA), and his legendary Subliminal Sessions parties at Pacha in Ibiza, which was named "Best International Club" of 2002 and "Best Ibiza Party" of 2001 by *Muzik* magazine. Ibiza is also where Morillo was crowned "Best International DJ" in 2002 and "Best House DJ" in 1999 and 2001 at the Pacha Ibiza awards. He has been known to play up to 30 jobs a month in locations including Greece, Malta, Amsterdam, London, Madrid, Belfast, and Russia. According to Morillo, his most memorable job was on Ibiza's White Isle after the September 11 attacks: "I was playing the closing party of the Space Terrace straight after September 11th. I ended the night with Frank Sinatra's 'New York, New York'. People were crying and waving American flags, everybody was singing. It's my most emotional memory as a DJ."

In addition to his MTV UK appearances, Morillo hosted MTV Ibiza for two years, presented the UK's Dancestar Awards, and starred in a seven-part Channel 4 series documenting his world travels as a party DJ. He has also worked on short films with actor Mark Alex Hanna.

In 2004, he released his first album under his real name, *My World*, which features collaborations with such artists as Sean "Diddy" Combs, who collaborated with Morillo on three tracks, including the dancefloor hit "Dance I Said". The label has also spawned other labels, such as Sondos, Subliminal Soul, Bambossa and SUBUSA. The label was distributed by Strictly Rhythm until that label ceased operations in 2002. Today, Subliminal is independently distributed, although Strictly Rhythm reopened its doors in 2007.

Morillo drew attention in June 2013 when he failed to appear at a June 6 show in Long Island, and then on June 12 when he had to be escorted off stage 45 minutes into a set, due to "erratic behavior." According to reports, Morillo appeared to be dazed when he began his set, and his condition worsened after he began it. At one point, he vanished from view, leaving a single loop playing over and over. Morillo later stated on his Twitter page, "The time has come to take a break and refocus my attention on my health and well-being."

## Awards and accolades

On October 11, 2012, Morillo's former home town of Union City, New Jersey honored him in a ceremony in which the portion of Bergenline Avenue between 14th and 15th Street, where Morillo lived as a youth, was dedicated "Erick Morillo Way". Union City Mayor Brian P. Stack praised Morillo, who donated 100 Nook tablets to a local school, by commenting, "It's important to recognize those in the community who contribute to our hometown," Union City Mayor Brian Stack said. "We can all be proud to call Erick a part of our community."

## Sexual assault accusations

On August 6, 2020, Morillo was arrested and charged with sexual battery upon a woman. In December 2019, Morillo and his accuser were working as DJs at a private party on Star Island in Miami Beach, and later went to his Miami Beach home. She told detectives that she got drunk and passed out alone in a bedroom, later waking nude with him standing beside her, also nude. A rape kit test performed on the woman tested positive for Morillo's DNA. Morillo denied the accusation, but turned himself in to police on the advice of his attorney on August 6, 2020. He was due to appear in court on September 4, but was found dead at his home on September 1.

Shortly after his death, at least nine women related accounts in which they stated that Morillo raped or sexually assaulted them. Producer Dave Lambert also related accounts of this told to him by other women. The accusations spanned 27 years, the majority of his working career. The victims included dancers, record company workers, journalists, camera crew and DJs and frequently involved involuntary administration of drugs. At least one victim left the music industry after working with Morillo and another was admitted to hospital after "a catalogue of both emotional and physical abuse".

## Death

Morillo was found dead at his home on La Gorce Drive in Miami Beach, Florida, on September 1, 2020. The cause of his death was not immediately known, but Miami police spokesman Ernesto Rodriguez said there were no apparent signs of foul play.

According to a preliminary report released on October 13, 2020, by the Miami-Dade County Medical Examiner, Morillo died accidentally of "acute ketamine toxicity", with MDMA and cocaine use listed as contributing factors. The final autopsy report concluded his death was an accident due to "acute ketamine toxicity", while also listing possible COVID-19 infection in the weeks before his death.

## Discography

## Awards

### DJ Awards

Morillo won the DJ Award for "Best International DJ Award" three times, the "Best House DJ Award" three times, and received a total of 15 nominations.

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1998 | Erick Morillo | Best House/Garage DJ | Won |
| 2000 | Erick Morillo | Best House DJ | Nominated |
| 2001 | Erick Morillo | Best House DJ | Won |
| 2002 | Erick Morillo | Best International DJ | Won |
| 2002 | Erick Morillo | Best House DJ | Nominated |
| 2003 | Erick Morillo | Best House DJ | Won |
| 2004 | Erick Morillo | Best House DJ | Nominated |
| 2005 | Erick Morillo | Best International DJ | Won |
| 2006 | Erick Morillo | Best International DJ | Won |
| 2006 | Erick Morillo | Best House DJ | Nominated |
| 2007 | Erick Morillo | Best House DJ | Nominated |
| 2008 | Erick Morillo | Best International DJ | Nominated |
| 2009 | Erick Morillo | Best International DJ | Nominated |
| 2010 | Erick Morillo | Best House DJ | Nominated |
| 2011 | Erick Morillo | Best House DJ | Nominated |

### International Dance Music Awards

At the annual Winter Music Conference, Morillo won the "Best American DJ award (2005) and he has been nominated 10 times overall.

Selected awards
| Year | Award | Nominated work | Category | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2002 | IDMA | Erick Morillo | Best American DJ | Nominated |
| 2003 | IDMA | Erick Morillo | Best American DJ | Nominated |
| 2004 | IDMA | Erick Morillo | Best American DJ | Nominated |
| 2005 | IDMA | Erick Morillo | Best American DJ | Won |
| 2005 | IDMA | Erick Morillo | Best Full Length Mix CD Subliminal | Nominated |
| 2006 | IDMA | Erick Morillo | Best American DJ | Nominated |
| 2006 | IDMA | Erick Morillo | Best Global DJ | Nominated |
| 2008 | IDMA | Erick Morillo | Best American DJ | Nominated |
| 2009 | IDMA | Erick Morillo | Best American DJ | Nominated |
| 2010 | IDMA | Erick Morillo | Best American DJ | Nominated |

### Muzik Awards

***Muzik*** was a UK dance music magazine published by IPC Media from June 1995 to August 2003.

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1999 | Erick Morillo | Re-mixer of the Year | Won |

## InfoBox

| Erick Morillo | |
| --- | --- |
| Erick Morillo in October 2012 | |
| Background information | |
| Also known as | Ministers de la Funk, the Dronez, RAW, Smooth Touch, RBM, Deep Soul, Club Ultimate, Li'l Mo Ying Yang |
| Born | (1971-03-26)March 26, 1971
New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Died | September 1, 2020(2020-09-01) (aged 49)
Miami Beach, Florida, U.S. |
| Genres | House, electro house |
| Occupations | Disc jockey, producer |
| Instruments | Turntable, sampler |
| Years active | 1982–2020 |
| Labels | Strictly Rhythm, Subliminal Records |
|  | |
| Website | Official website |


title: SEAT Exeo

abstract: The SEAT Exeo is a large family car and flagship model, that was built by the Spanish car manufacturer SEAT, subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group. The Exeo is an Audi A4 (B7) with a redesigned front and rear. Previously codenamed Bolero, and internally designated Typ 3R, the name Exeo derives from the Latin word exire, meaning "to go beyond", breaking SEAT's recent tradition to name its cars after Spanish cities. This car was made available in four-door saloon or five-door estate styles only. Production of the Exeo ended in May 2013, with the final production number being 81,552. There was no direct replacement.

text:
# SEAT Exeo

The **SEAT Exeo** (Spanish: \[eɣˈseo\]) is a large family car and flagship model, that was built by the Spanish car manufacturer SEAT, subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group. The Exeo is an Audi A4 (B7) with a redesigned front and rear.

Previously codenamed *Bolero*, (though not to be confused with SEAT's earlier concept car bearing the same name) and internally designated *Typ* 3R, the name *Exeo* derives from the Latin word *exire*, meaning "to go beyond", breaking SEAT's recent tradition to name its cars after Spanish cities.

This car was made available in four-door saloon or five-door estate styles only. Production of the Exeo ended in May 2013, with the final production number being 81,552. There was no direct replacement.

## Overview

The Exeo is a D-segment model, built on the Volkswagen Group B7 (PL46) platform. It is essentially a rebadged Audi A4 B7 generation, with styling changes to the front and rear by way of unique bonnet, front wings, boot lid, doors and exterior door mirrors.

It incorporates interior trim from the A4 Cabriolet, and extensively uses A4 B6 and B7 interior equipment and electrical components. To this purpose, the entire Audi A4 B7 production and assembly lines from Ingolstadt were dismantled and installed in Volkswagen Group's related SEAT factory in Martorell, Spain.

The Exeo was officially revealed at the 2008 Paris Motor Show, and at launch, it was confirmed to be available in just one car body style, as a four-door, five-seater saloon (*Typ* 3R5). However, from August 2009, it also became available as a five-door, five-seater estate, called Exeo ST (*Typ* 3R9). ST is an abbreviation for Sport Tourer.

It became available for purchase in Western Europe in March 2009, with a model lineup which initially included three petrol engines and two diesel engines, with a third lower-powered 88 kilowatts (120 PS; 118 bhp) diesel engine being added from September 2009.

In May 2010, three new petrol engines entered production, these were the 1.8 TFSI 88 kilowatts (120 PS; 118 bhp), the 1.8 TFSI 118 kilowatts (160 PS; 158 bhp) and the 2.0 TFSI 155 kilowatts (211 PS; 208 bhp). It was available with three different trim levels: *Reference*, *Stylance* and *Sport*.

In 2011, the Exeo got a minor facelift with new bi-xenon LED headlights, revised engines and a new honeycomb grille.

## Awards

* *Golden Steering Wheel Award* 2009 in Switzerland, in the upper medium sedan category
* *Company Car 2009* in Germany, for the SEAT Exeo ST
* *Car of the Year 2010* in Finland, by the Finnish magazine Tuulilasi
* *Novelty of the Year 2009* in Catalonia

## Powertrain

The Exeo being derived from the Audi B7 A4, it shares the same fundamental powertrain layout. It has engines mounted at the front, and they are oriented longitudinally, i.e.: "north south", rather than the "east west" transverse engine layout used in the remainder of the SEAT range. The gearboxes are of a transaxle type (containing the gearbox, along with the front final drive and differential), and are also mounted longitudinally at the rear of the engine.

For the 1.8-litre 20 valve Turbo petrol engine, one side-mounted intercooler (SMIC) is fitted to the lower front left of the car, below the left headlamp. For the 2.0 TSI petrol, along with the 147 and 155 kilowatts (200 and 211 PS; 197 and 208 bhp) 2.0-litre Turbocharged Direct Injection diesel engines, these use two SMICs, one below the left and right headlamps.

All diesel engine variants are common rail (CR) Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) engines and includes an exhaust catalytic converter along with a diesel particulate filter (DPF).

Transmission options initially included only a six-speed manual gearbox. Shortly after launch, the LuK originated multitronic continuously variable transmission (CVT), with selectable six or seven speeds, became available on models equipped with the 2.0 TSI petrol and 2.0 TDI diesel engines. Distribution of the engine torque to the driven roadwheels is only via the front wheels, and there is not a four-wheel-drive offering, which the Audi A4 used as an option in its 'trademark' quattro.

### Engine specifications

All available internal combustion engines are inline four cylinder four stroke designs and are based on existing units capable to be fitted longitudinally in the Exeo's PL46 platform and have also been used in other marques of the Volkswagen Group. They all comply with the European Euro 5 emissions standard, and offer the following performance statistics (for the saloon version in standard configuration):

| Engine
designation | Displacement, valvetrain,
fuel system | ID code | Max. motive power
at rpm | Max. torque
at rpm | 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) | Top
speed | CO2
(g/100 km) | Production
dates | Trim level (saloon) | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | | | | | *Reference* | *Stylance* | *Sport* |
| Petrol engines | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **1.6 SRE** | 1595 cc, 8v SOHC
multi-point fuel injection | ALZ
(EA113) | 75 kW (102 PS; 101 bhp)
at 5,600 rpm | 148 N⋅m (109 lbf⋅ft)
at 3,800 rpm | 12.6
sec. | 190 km/h (118.1 mph) | 179 | 03/2009–
2013 |  |  |  |
| **1.8 SRE T** | 1781 cc, 20v DOHC
Turbocharged multi-point fuel injection | CFMA
(EA113) | 110 kW (150 PS; 148 bhp)
at 5,700 rpm | 220 N⋅m (162 lbf⋅ft)
at 1,800 rpm | 9.3
sec. | 217 km/h (134.8 mph) | 184 | 12/2008–
05/2010 |  |  |  |
| **1.8 TSI** | 1798 cc, 16v DOHC
Turbocharged Fuel Stratified Injection | CDH
(EA888) | 88 kW (120 PS; 118 bhp)
at 4,000–6,200 rpm | 230 N⋅m (170 lbf⋅ft)
at 1,500–3,650 rpm | 10.7
sec. | 202 km/h (125.5 mph) | 166 | 09/2010–
2013 |  |  |  |
| **1.8 TSI** | 1798 cc, 16v DOHC
Turbocharged Fuel Stratified Injection | CDH
(EA888) | 118 kW (160 PS; 158 bhp)
at 4,500-6,200 rpm | 250 N⋅m (184 lbf⋅ft)
at 1,500–4,500 rpm | 8.6
sec. | 225 km/h (139.8 mph) | 166 | 05/2010–
2013 |  |  |  |
| **2.0 TSI** | 1984 cc, 16v DOHC
Turbocharged Fuel Stratified Injection | BWE
(EA113) | 147 kW (200 PS; 197 bhp)
at 6,000 rpm | 280 N⋅m (207 lbf⋅ft)
at 1,800–5,000 rpm | 7.3
sec. | 241 km/h (149.8 mph) | 179 | 03/2009–
2013 |  |  |  |
| **2.0 TSI** | 1984 cc, 16v DOHC
Turbocharged Fuel Stratified Injection | CDN
(EA888) | 155 kW (211 PS; 208 bhp)
at 4,300-6,000 rpm | 320 N⋅m (236 lbf⋅ft)
at 1,500–4,600 rpm | 7.1
sec. | 244 km/h (151.6 mph) | 159 | 05/2010–
2013 |  |  |  |
| Diesel engines | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **2.0 TDI CR
\+ DPF** | 1968 cc, 16v DOHC
common rail | CAGC
(EA189) | 88 kW (120 PS; 118 bhp)
at 4,000 rpm | 290 N⋅m (214 lbf⋅ft)
at 1,750–2,500 rpm | 10.5
sec. | 204 km/h (126.8 mph) | 139 | 09/2009–
2013 |  |  |  |
| **2.0 TDI CR
\+ DPF** | 1968 cc, 16v DOHC
common rail | CAGA
(EA189) | 105 kW (143 PS; 141 bhp)
at 4,200 rpm | 320 N⋅m (236 lbf⋅ft)
at 1,750–2,500 rpm | 9.2
sec. | 214 km/h (133.0 mph) | 143 | 12/2008–
2013 |  |  |  |
| **2.0 TDI CR
\+ DPF** | 1968 cc, 16v DOHC
common rail | CAHA
(EA189) | 125 kW (170 PS; 168 bhp)
at 4,200 rpm | 350 N⋅m (258 lbf⋅ft)
at 1,750–2,500 rpm | 8.4
sec. | 229 km/h (142.3 mph) | 153 | 02/2009–
2013 |  |  |  |

## Other features

The Exeo also features the same multi link fully independent front and rear suspension as used on the Audi A4, again with light weight cast aluminium alloy front suspension arms and virtual steering axis uprights. All models are equipped with ZF-supplied power steering, with some models having speed sensitive 'servotronic' variable assistance.

Disc brakes are fitted front and rear, with the radially ventilated fronts ranging in diameter from 280 millimetres (11.0 in) by 22 millimetres (0.87 in) thick, to 320 millimetres (12.6 in) by 30 millimetres (1.18 in). At the rear are solid (un ventilated) discs ranging from 245 millimetres (9.6 in) by 10 millimetres (0.39 in) to 288 millimetres (11.3 in) by 12 millimetres (0.47 in). All discs, front and rear, use a single piston sliding brake caliper.

Chassis electronics feature as standard the Bosch ESP 8.0 Electronic Stability Programme, which also includes Anti lock Braking System (ABS), Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD), and emergency Brake Assist (BA). This ESP system also includes Anti Slip Regulation (ASR, or traction control), and Electronic Differential Lock (EDL) traction aids.

Roadwheel options vary from a basic 7Jx16 steel wheel with plastic wheel covers, to a number of variants of alloy wheels, from 16" to 18" in diameter. Conventional halogen dual bulb (H7 dip and H1 main) headlamps are standard, with self leveling single source Bi Xenon high-intensity discharge (HID) headlights available as an option.

Luggage capacity in the saloon variant, measured according to the VDA 'block' method, is 460 litres (16.2 cu ft). On the other hand, in the estate Exeo ST variant, the boot size starts from 442 litres (15.6 cu ft) (or 564 litres (19.9 cu ft) when loaded up to roof) and after folding rear seats it rises to 882 litres (31.1 cu ft) (or 1,354 litres (47.8 cu ft) when loaded up to roof with rear seats down).

## Sales

In the year of 2009, the total annual retail sales number of SEAT Exeo cars was 21,013 vehicles (12,837 units for the Exeo and 8,176 for the Exeo ST version), while the annual production came up to 22,981 cars made in SEAT's plant in Martorell.

The total production per year of SEAT Exeo and Exeo ST cars is shown below:

| Model | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| SEAT Exeo | 348 | 13,952 |  |  |  |
| SEAT Exeo ST | 21 | 9,029 |  |  |  |
| Total annual production | 369 | 22,981 | 23,108 | 19,559 | 10,854 |

## InfoBox

| SEAT Exeo | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | SEAT |
| Production | 2008–2013 |
| Assembly | Spain: Martorell, Catalonia |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Large family car () |
| Body style | 4-door saloon
5-door estate |
| Layout | Longitudinally mounted front-engine, front-wheel-drive |
| Platform | Volkswagen Group B7 |
| Related | Audi A4 (B7) |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | **Petrol:**
1.6 L I4
1.8 L I4 16v TSI
1.8 L I4 20v Turbo
1.8 L I4 16v TSI
2.0 L I4 16v TSI
**Diesel:**
2.0 L I4 16v TDI CR |
| Transmission | 6-speed manual
6/7-speed LuK multitronic CVT |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,642 mm (104.0 in) |
| Length | 4,661 mm (183.5 in) (saloon)
4,666 mm (183.7 in) (estate) |
| Width | 1,772 mm (69.8 in) |
| Height | 1,430 mm (56.3 in) (saloon)
1,454 mm (57.2 in) (estate) |
| Kerb weight | 1,310–1,455 kg (2,888–3,208 lb) |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | SEAT 132
SEAT Bolero (concept) |


title: Cypress School District

abstract: Cypress Elementary School District is a public school district in Orange County, California. It serves Cypress and Buena Park.

text:
# Cypress School District

**Cypress Elementary School District** is a public school district in Orange County, California.

It serves Cypress and Buena Park.

## InfoBox

| Cypress School District | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
| 9470 Moody Street Cypress, California, 90630<br>United States | |
| District information | |
| Type | Public |
| Grades | K–6 |
| NCES District ID | 0610440 |
| Students and staff | |
| Students | 3,540 (2020–2021) |
| Teachers | 142.28 (FTE) |
| Staff | 183.37 (FTE) |
| Student–teacher ratio | 24.88:1 |
| Other information | |
| Website | www.cypsd.org |


title: 1886 Bathurst colonial by-election

text:
# 1886 Bathurst colonial by-election

A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Bathurst on 9 March 1886 as a result of the appointment of Francis Suttor to the office of Postmaster-General in the Jennings ministry. Under the constitution, ministers in the Legislative Assembly were required to resign to recontest their seats in a by-election when appointed. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested and on this occasion a poll was required for Bathurst and Redfern where Arthur Renwick was re-elected. The 7 other ministers were re-elected unopposed.

## Dates

| Date | Event |
| --- | --- |
| 26 February 1886 | Jennings ministry appointed. |
| 3 March 1886 | Writ of election issued by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. |
| 6 March 1886 | Nominations. |
| 9 March 1886 | Polling day |
| 24 March 1886 | Return of writ |

## Result

1886 Bathurst by-election
Tuesday 9 March
| Candidate | | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Francis Suttor (re-elected) | | 568 | 60.6 |
| Daniel Mayne | | 369 | 39.4 |
| Total formal votes | | 937 | 98.4 |
| Informal votes | | 15 | 1.6 |
| Turnout | | 952 | 53.7 |


title: Erling von Mende

abstract: Erling von Mende has been professor of Sinology at the FU Berlin since 1983. He is specialised in the social and economic history of the early Song dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty.

text:
# Erling von Mende

**Erling von Mende** (born October 10, 1940) has been professor of Sinology at the FU Berlin since 1983. He is specialised in the social and economic history of the early Song dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty.

## Biography

In 1969 von Mende gained a PhD in Sinology, economic history, Manchu Studies in Cologne. His 1971 dissertation was entitled *Die wirtschaftlichen und konsulären Beziehungen Norwegens zu China von der Mitte des 19. Jhs. bis zum 1. Weltkrieg* ("Economic and consular relations between Norway and China from the middle of the 19th century to the First World War").

Von Mende qualified as a university lecturer in 1979 in Cologne, specialising in Sinology and Manchu Studies. In 1982 he wrote a study, *China und die Staaten auf der koreanischen Halbinsel bis zum 12. Jh.: Eine Untersuchung zur Entwicklung der Formen zwischenstaatlicher Beziehungen in Ostasien* ("China and the states on the Korean peninsula until the 12th century: A study for the development of the forms of intergovernmental relations in Eastern Asia").

His father is Gerhard von Mende.


title: Elias Maluco

abstract: Elias Pereira da Silva, also known as Elias Maluco, was one of Rio de Janeiro's most powerful drug traffickers. Maluco, a member of the criminal faction Comando Vermelho, commanded drug trafficking in thirty slums near Complexo do Alemão and Penha, Brazil. He was accused of killing over sixty people. Elias Maluco was held responsible for the waves of violence that shook Rio de Janeiro between December 2006 and November 2010. He was arrested on September 19, 2002, after a three-month manhunt.

text:
# Elias Maluco

**Elias Pereira da Silva** (May 23, 1966 - September 22, 2020), also known as **Elias Maluco** (in English: *Crazy Elias*), was one of Rio de Janeiro's most powerful drug traffickers. Maluco, a member of the criminal faction Comando Vermelho, commanded drug trafficking in thirty slums near Complexo do Alemão and Penha, Brazil. He was accused of killing over sixty people.

Elias Maluco was held responsible for the waves of violence that shook Rio de Janeiro between December 2006 and November 2010. He was arrested on September 19, 2002, after a three-month manhunt.

## Murder of Tim Lopes

On June 2, 2002, journalist Tim Lopes was kidnapped by a group of drug dealers led by Elias and was taken to the Favela da Grota slum in Complexo do Alemão. Lopes was tortured and killed after being found with a camera which he was using for his reporting on sexual abuse of minors and drug trafficking in clubs in the Vila Cruzeiro favela. According to testimonies from drug traffickers linked to Maluco, who was arrested a few days later by the police, Maluco had tortured Lopes by burning his eyes with a cigarette and hitting him with a katana, and later burned his body with tires and gasoline in a method of killing known among locals as a "microwave." After intense searches, the charred remains of Lopes' body were found on June 12, 2002, in a clandestine cemetery in the Favela da Grota.

The crime had international repercussions and motivated demonstrations against violence and defense of press freedom in Rio de Janeiro. Brazil was named as the third most dangerous country for professionals in this field in the Americas by the Inter-American Press Association Impunity Commission (IAPA).

## Capture

On September 16, 2002, after a three-month manhunt led by the Rio de Janeiro security summit, the police launched "Operation Sufoco" and surrounded Complexo do Alemão with the aim to capture Maluco. After 50 hours of searching, Maluco was captured in Favela da Grota without resisting arrest. His words, at the time of his arrest, were "I lost, man. Just don't humiliate me.", referring to the police's eagerness to arrest him.

In December 2002, Elias Maluco was sentenced to 13 years in prison for trafficking crimes and association to drug trafficking, in a process involving the singer Belo. On November 10, 2003, he was sentenced to 18 years in prison by the 23rd Criminal Court of Rio de Janeiro for the same crimes in the context of another process. On May 25, 2005, he was sentenced to 28.5 years in prison by the 1st Rio de Janeiro Jury Tribunal for the crimes of triple-qualified homicide, conspiracy, and concealment of a body in the case of the murder of Tim Lopes.

Maluco was imprisoned in a Brazilian prison complex following his arrest until January 4, 2007, when he was transferred to the Federal Prison in Catanduvas, Paraná. He was transferred with eleven other heads of the criminal factions Comando Vermelho and Terceiro Comando, who were accused of arson and attacking police stations and military police posts on December 28, 2006, in Rio de Janeiro. These attacks resulted in the death of nineteen people.

After the start of a new wave of violence in Rio de Janeiro on November 21, 2010, Maluco and one other, who according to police intelligence, had ordered the attacks, were transferred on November 25, 2010, to the Federal Penitentiary in Porto Velho, Rondônia. Finally, on August 18, 2011, Maluco was transferred again, this time to the Federal Prison in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul.

## Death

In the late afternoon hours of September 22, 2020, the Paraná Penitentiary Department (DEPEN) informed the press that Elias Maluco was found dead in his cell at the Catanduvas Federal Penitentiary. According to the agency, Maluco's body showed signs of hanging. His death certificate confirmed the cause of death as mechanical choking by hanging.

Police chief Daniel Martarelli da Costa, from the Federal Police of Brazil, responsible for the investigation, classified the case as a “classic suicide”. In his cell, agents found letters left for his family.

> In the letters, he did not report the reason for the act. He basically said that he no longer had the will to live and asked his family for forgiveness, saying that it was not an act of cowardice, but rather of courage, that he felt ready for that. He didn’t report anything about threat or motivation.
>
> Daniel Martarelli da Costa about Elias Maluco’s letters

Elias' death is surrounded by controversy: many believe that he killed himself, for having lost his leadership within the Comando Vermelho (a month before he died, he had a fallout with the leader of the criminal faction, Márcio dos Santos Nepomuceno (known as "Marcinho VP"), leading to him being demoted from the organization's hierarchy).

Others, such as Elias' daughter Julia Fernandes, however, believe that he was killed in prison and that the alleged assassins made it look like he killed himself in his cell. A possible reason for his possible murder was the fact that he had argued and angered the gang leaders (like the aforementioned Marcinho VP, quoted above) a month before he was killed, which made the top echelon of the Comando Vermelho realize that Elias Maluco became a big problem for the gang, ordering his execution and thus disguising it as a suicide, thus eliminating someone they considered a dead weight for the criminal organization.

## InfoBox

| Elias Maluco | |
| --- | --- |
| Elias Maluco being introduced by the police after his arrest in 2002 | |
| Born | Elias Pereira da Silva
(1966-05-23)May 23, 1966
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| Died | September 22, 2020(2020-09-22) (aged 54)
Catanduvas, Paraná, Brazil |
| Occupation | Drug trafficker |
| Known for | Murder of Tim Lopes |
|  | |


title: Derk Bodde

abstract: Derk Bodde was an American sinologist and historian of China known for his pioneering work on the history of the Chinese legal system. Bodde received his undergraduate degree from Harvard University in 1930. He spent six years (1931-1937) studying in China on a fellowship. He earned a doctorate in Chinese Studies from the University of Leiden March 3, 1938. When the Fulbright scholarship program was initiated in 1948, Bodde was the first American recipient of a one-year fellowship, which he spent studying in Beijing. He spent several decades as Professor of Chinese Studies at the University of Pennsylvania, and was a president of the American Oriental Society (1968–69). He was a member of both the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society.

text:
# Derk Bodde

**Derk Bodde** (March 9, 1909  November 3, 2003) was an American sinologist and historian of China known for his pioneering work on the history of the Chinese legal system.

Bodde received his undergraduate degree from Harvard University in 1930. He spent six years (1931-1937) studying in China on a fellowship. He earned a doctorate in Chinese Studies from the University of Leiden March 3, 1938. When the Fulbright scholarship program was initiated in 1948, Bodde was the first American recipient of a one-year fellowship, which he spent studying in Beijing.

He spent several decades as Professor of Chinese Studies at the University of Pennsylvania, and was a president of the American Oriental Society (1968–69). He was a member of both the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society.

## Honors

## InfoBox

| Derk Bodde | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1909-03-09)March 9, 1909
Marshfield, Massachusetts, United States |
| Died | November 3, 2003(2003-11-03) (aged 94)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States |
|  | |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Chinese history
Sinology |
| Institutions | University of Pennsylvania |
|  | |


title: Béhagnies

abstract: Béhagnies is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region in northern France.

text:
# Béhagnies

**Béhagnies** (French pronunciation: \[be.aɲi\]) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region in northern France.

## Geography

A small farming village located 13 miles (21 km) south of Arras on the N17 road, at the junction with the D31.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 151 |  |
| 1975 | 137 | −1.38% |
| 1982 | 133 | −0.42% |
| 1990 | 115 | −1.80% |
| 1999 | 127 | +1.11% |
| 2009 | 132 | +0.39% |
| 2014 | 108 | −3.93% |
| 2020 | 134 | +3.66% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## Sights

* The church of St. Martin, dating from the twentieth century

## InfoBox

| Béhagnies | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The War memorial | |
|  | |
| Location of Béhagnies | |
| BéhagniesBéhagnies | |
| Coordinates: 50°08′28″N 2°49′50″E / 50.1411°N 2.8306°E / 50.1411; 2.8306 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Hauts-de-France |
| Department | Pas-de-Calais |
| Arrondissement | Arras |
| Canton | Bapaume |
| Intercommunality | CC du Sud-Artois |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Régis Leleu |
| Area**1** | 3.06 km2 (1.18 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 127 |
| Density | 42/km2 (110/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 62103 /62121 |
| Elevation | 93–122 m (305–400 ft)
(avg. 108 m or 354 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: C.D. Atlético Chaparratique

abstract: Club Deportivo Atletico Chaparrastique, commonly known as Atletico Chaparrastique, is a professional Salvadoran football club based in Moncagua, San Miguel, El Salvador.

text:
# C.D. Atlético Chaparratique

**Club Deportivo Atletico Chaparrastique**, commonly known as **Atletico Chaparrastique,** is a professional Salvadoran football club based in Moncagua, San Miguel, El Salvador.

## History

Atlético Chaparrastique were founded in 1943 and were named after the volcano near Moncagua. They have spent several seasons in the Salvadoran Second Division in the 2000s and almost secured promotion to the top tier in 2004 when they reached the Second Division Final. In 2006 they came close again, only losing at the penultimate stage. In 2008 they were relegated to the third tier.

## Stadium

The club started playing in the local central park before moving to the Estadio Tamarindo. After 25 years, they left for the Estadio Moncagua.

## Notable Coach

## InfoBox

Atletico Chaparrastique
| Full name | Club Deportivo Atlético Chaparrastique |
| --- | --- |
| Nickname(s) | Los Moncagüenses |
| Founded | 1943 |
| Ground | Estadio Moncagua |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |