title: Election monitoring

abstract: Election monitoring involves the observation of an election by one or more independent parties, typically from another country or from a non-governmental organization (NGO). The monitoring parties aim primarily to assess the conduct of an election process on the basis of national legislation and of international election standards. There are national and international election observers. Monitors do not directly prevent electoral fraud, but rather record and report instances of suspicious practices. The monitoring may serve to disincentivize, prevent or minimize practices that undermine election quality, as well as election-related violence. Election observation increasingly looks at the entire electoral process over a long period of time, rather than at election-day proceedings only. The legitimacy of an election can be affected by the criticism of monitors, unless they are themselves seen as biased. A notable individual is often appointed honorary leader of a monitoring organization in an effort to enhance legitimacy of the monitoring process. Scholars distinguish between election monitoring organizations in terms of quality. Some election monitors, often those with ties to authoritarian states, validate elections even when they are blatantly flawed.

text:
# Election monitoring

**Election monitoring** involves the observation of an election by one or more independent parties, typically from another country or from a non-governmental organization (NGO). The monitoring parties aim primarily to assess the conduct of an election process on the basis of national legislation and of international election standards. There are national and international election observers.

Monitors do not directly prevent electoral fraud, but rather record and report instances of suspicious practices. The monitoring may serve to disincentivize, prevent or minimize practices that undermine election quality, as well as election-related violence. Election observation increasingly looks at the entire electoral process over a long period of time, rather than at election-day proceedings only. The legitimacy of an election can be affected by the criticism of monitors, unless they are themselves seen as biased. A notable individual is often appointed honorary leader of a monitoring organization in an effort to enhance legitimacy of the monitoring process.

Scholars distinguish between election monitoring organizations in terms of quality. Some election monitors, often those with ties to authoritarian states, validate elections even when they are blatantly flawed.

## History

The first monitored election was that of an 1857 plebiscite in Moldavia and Wallachia (current Romania) that was monitored by most of the major European powers. Election monitoring was uncommon until after World War II. During the 1960s, less than 10% of elections were monitored. Election observation activities have expanded significantly following the end of the Cold War, along with the development of international standards on the conduct of democratic elections and the process of monitoring elections by both international and domestic observing organizations. By the 2000s, about 80% of all elections were observed.

In recent years, there has been increased prevalence of low-quality election monitors who validate flawed elections. These election monitors tend to have ties to autocratic states and authoritarian regional organizations, such as Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Organization for Democracy and Economic Development (GUAM), and Southern African Development Community.

## Organizations

International organizations such as the Organization of American States, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the European Union, the Commonwealth Secretariat, the Council of Europe, and the African Union regularly deploy monitoring teams. The United Nations no longer provides monitoring services; instead, it focuses on electoral assistance. Individual governments also participate in monitoring efforts, generally under the umbrella of an international organization. These national efforts are normally managed by the local electoral commission. A wide array of NGOs also participate in monitoring efforts. The Carter Center, for example, played a key role—with the United Nations Electoral Assistance Division and the National Democratic Institute—in building consensus on a common set of international principles for election observation.

International observation is complemented in many countries by domestic observer groups.

A 2024 study categorized election monitoring organizations in terms of their quality. Of the 20 most-frequent election monitoring organizations, these were ranked as high-quality:

* OSCE/ODIHR
* European Union
* European Union Parliament
* Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
* OSCE Parliamentary Assembly
* Organization of American States
* Carter Center
* The Commonwealth
* National Democratic Institute
* Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa
* International Republican Institute

These were ranked middle quality:

* African Union
* Inter-American Union of Electoral Bodies
* International Organization of the Francophonie
* Economic Community of West African States
* Arab League

These were ranked low-quality:

* Commonwealth of Independent States
* Southern African Development Community
* The Electoral Commissions Forum of SADC Countries
* Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
* Organization of Islamic Cooperation

## International election monitoring

Standard international election observation missions, as deployed by, for the example, the European Commission or the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR), monitor the entire electoral process. Election experts and long-term observers begin their work weeks before the actual election day, looking at candidate registration, the legal framework, the media situation, the work of the election administration, and the campaign environment. On election day, short-term observers monitor the opening of polling stations, the vote cast, and the counting and tabulation of results. After election day, observers remain in the country for another few weeks to monitor how possible election-related shortcomings and complaints are dealt with by the election administration and the judiciary. The findings of the observers are made public in reports issued after election day.

### Long-term observers

Most observation missions send a small number of long-term monitors (known as LTOs) for a period of six to eight weeks. A larger number of short-term observers (known as STOs) then join the mission for the final week of the campaign. STOs provide mostly quantitative observation of polling station and count procedures, with LTOs supplying qualitative analysis and contextual information about the wider political situation.

In some cases, the objectivity of some international observers is questioned.

## Domestic election monitoring

In addition to international organizations monitoring elections, citizen organizations—or coalitions of organizations—also monitor elections in their own country.

The most common type of domestic election monitoring comes by way of party poll-watchers, who are partisan individuals that are looking out for the interests of their party. Election day activities of partisan observation groups often included scrutinizing the accreditation, voting, counting, and tabulations processes at polling units throughout election day.

There are, however, also numerous domestic nonpartisan observer groups in many countries.

Free and Fair Election Network (FAFEN) in Pakistan is a coalition of 42 national civil society organizations working together to promote fair elections in Pakistan.

Each jurisdiction may have different rules about who may observe. Rules vary by state in the United States.

## Local and regional election monitoring

Most international observer organizations have a mandate to observe parliamentary elections and some organizations, such as the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), also monitor local elections and referendums. However, the Congress of the Council of Europe, in cooperation with the Venice Commission, is specifically mandated to monitor local and regional elections and is unique in this regard. Since 1990, over 50 election processes have been observed by the Congress.

The Congress Strategy on election observation is based on three lines of action:

* Election monitoring by the Congress should contribute to setting up institutional frameworks which comply with the principles underlying local democracy as laid down in the European Charter of Local Self-Government. In light of this, the Congress puts the accent on post-election dialogue as part of the Congress' work on monitoring of local and regional democracy. The aim is to improve the follow-up given to the recommendations adopted by the Congress following election observation missions and to facilitate their implementation.
* Election monitoring by the Congress should contribute to promoting awareness about the significance of democracy at the local and regional level.
* Making full use of the unique role of the Congress in the field of election observation, efforts are also made to increase the operational capability of election observation missions.

## Sources


title: Eddie Hocking

abstract: Eddie Hocking is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). Originally from Clare, South Australia, Hocking began training with South Australian National Football League (SANFL) club Central District aged sixteen and within 12 months made his SANFL league debut. After a strong season with Central District in 1990, when he was runner-up in the Magarey Medal, Hocking was signed by Adelaide prior to its first season in the AFL. He came off the interchange bench in Adelaide's Round One, 1991 and played ten further games that year. An Indigenous Australian, Hocking is the shortest ever footballer to have played for Adelaide. Hocking’s trademark was his ability to baulk the player on the mark when lining up for goal. The clever onballer would make out he was going to take the set shot, and then at the last minute dodge around his opponent, who by that point was mid-air, and run into an open goal. He remained on the Adelaide Crows list for 1992 however did not play a game. Hocking finished his SANFL career with the West Adelaide Football Club.

text:
# Eddie Hocking

**Eddie Hocking** (born 6 January 1970) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Originally from Clare, South Australia, Hocking began training with South Australian National Football League (SANFL) club Central District aged sixteen and within 12 months made his SANFL league debut. After a strong season with Central District in 1990, when he was runner-up in the Magarey Medal, Hocking was signed by Adelaide prior to its first season in the AFL. He came off the interchange bench in Adelaide's Round One, 1991 and played ten further games that year.

An Indigenous Australian, Hocking is the shortest ever footballer to have played for Adelaide. Hocking’s trademark was his ability to baulk the player on the mark when lining up for goal. The clever onballer would make out he was going to take the set shot, and then at the last minute dodge around his opponent, who by that point was mid-air, and run into an open goal. He remained on the Adelaide Crows list for 1992 however did not play a game. Hocking finished his SANFL career with the West Adelaide Football Club.

## InfoBox

| Eddie Hocking | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Eddie Hocking | | |
| Date of birth | (1970-01-06) 6 January 1970 | | |
| Original team(s) | Central District | | |
| Height | 162 cm (5 ft 4 in) | | |
| Weight | 68 kg (150 lb) | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1991 | Adelaide (AFL) | 11 (4) |
| 1987–1992 | Central District (SANFL) | 91 (80) |
| 1993–1994 | West Adelaide (SANFL) | ? (?) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1991. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Rüdiger Lentz

abstract: Rüdiger Lentz was born in 1947 and serves as a Senior Advisor to Rud Pedersen Public Affairs. Previously, he served as Director of the Aspen Institute Germany in Berlin, Germany from 2013 to 2020.

text:
# Rüdiger Lentz

**Rüdiger Lentz** was born in 1947 and serves as a Senior Advisor to Rud Pedersen Public Affairs. Previously, he served as Director of the Aspen Institute Germany in Berlin, Germany from 2013 to 2020.

## Education

Lentz studied political science, history and economics at the University of Hamburg during his tenure as a career officer in the armed forces.

## Career

His career as a journalist started in 1976, when he joined *Der Spiegel*, Germany's weekly news magazine, as a correspondent for military and security affairs. In 1981 he became a TV reporter, national commentator and presenter of a weekly TV program on world affairs with ARD, Germany's largest public TV and radio station. In 1988, he joined RIAS-TV in Berlin, a joint US-German radio and TV station, becoming editor in chief. He was bureau chief in Brussels for six years, responsible for Deutsche Welle's radio and TV coverage of the creation of the Euro and the enlargement of NATO and the EU. In January 1999 he became Bureau Chief and Senior Diplomatic Correspondent for Deutsche Welle Radio and Television in Washington. As the representative of Germany's only international broadcaster in the United States, Lentz managed its journalistic, public diplomacy, marketing and regulatory affairs. In November 2009, Lentz took over the position as the first Executive Director of the German-American Heritage Foundation of the USA and the German-American Heritage Museum of the USA located at 719 6th Street NW in Washington, D.C. Since September 2013, Lentz returned to Berlin to head the Aspen Institute Germany as their Director. He was succeeded in that role by Stormy Anika Mildner in 2021. In 2014, Lentz was awarded the Lucius D. Clay Medal for his contributions to the German-American relationship.

## Associations

Lentz is a board member of the German American Business Council (GABC) and a member of the Atlantik-Brücke, a German-American foundation aimed at enhancing transatlantic relations. He also held the position of the president of Atlantic Initiative U.S., a non-profit, non-partisan organization founded to promote transatlantic cooperation and strengthen Germany’s foreign policy culture.

1. "Rüdiger Lentz".
2. "Atlantic Community:Us". *www.atlantic-community.org*. Archived from the original on 2008-03-04.
3. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 2013-12-16.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
4. "Aspen Institute Germany || News Room". Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 2013-12-16.
5. "Lucius D. Clay Medaille". 21 December 2019.
6. "GABC Board of Directors : Rüdiger Lentz". Archived from the original on 2010-01-10. Retrieved 2010-01-08.
7. "Atlantic Community:Us". *www.atlantic-community.org*. Archived from the original on 2008-03-04.

## InfoBox

| Rüdiger Lentz | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Executive Director, Aspen Institute Germany | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1947-09-21) 21 September 1947<br>Velden (Vils), Bavaria, Germany |
| Profession | Journalist |
|  | |


title: Universidad del Mar

abstract: The Universidad del Mar «UMAR» is a public institution of higher education and scientific research of the Government of the State of Oaxaca, Mexico, with the support and recognition of the federal government. It belongs to the Oaxaca State University System (OSUS) and has three campuses, Puerto Angel, Puerto Escondido, and Huatulco, and a Center of Tourist Training (CECAT). Its main functions are teaching, research, cultural diffusion and promoting development. UMAR was founded in 1992 at the request of Oaxaca Governor Heladio Ramírez López. It was designed and executed by Modesto Seara Vázquez, rector of the university. The Universidad del Mar has positioned itself as one of the best universities in Mexico, as demonstrated by results achieved in the last 13 years, when the bachelor's degrees in tourism administration and international relations have obtained first place in the CENEVAL knowledge test.

text:
# Universidad del Mar

The **Universidad del Mar** «UMAR» is a public institution of higher education and scientific research of the Government of the State of Oaxaca, Mexico, with the support and recognition of the federal government. It belongs to the Oaxaca State University System (OSUS) and has three campuses, Puerto Angel, Puerto Escondido, and Huatulco, and a Center of Tourist Training (CECAT). Its main functions are teaching, research, cultural diffusion and promoting development.

UMAR was founded in 1992 at the request of Oaxaca Governor Heladio Ramírez López. It was designed and executed by Modesto Seara Vázquez, rector of the university.

The Universidad del Mar has positioned itself as one of the best universities in Mexico, as demonstrated by results achieved in the last 13 years, when the bachelor's degrees in tourism administration and international relations have obtained first place in the CENEVAL knowledge test.

## Objectives of this university model

To decentralize higher education;

To avoid the concentration of academic and scientific resources in areas that are becoming disproportionately strong and increasingly differentiated from the rest of the country;

To prevent the human decapitalization of the most disadvantaged regions, which due to the lack of educational opportunities see young generations leave at an early age that facilitates their permanent uprooting, due to the emotional and sentimental ties and interests that are produced in the place of residence, and which makes their recovery practically impossible;

To improve knowledge of the economic resources of the concerned region in order to lay the foundation for sound economic and social development;

To train social leaders in the public and private spheres;

To introduce a professional elite into a society that lacks one, to serve as a catalyst for transformation;

To improve the cultural competitiveness of the area of influence of the respective university, by combining the reception of ideas and modernizing concepts, with the conservation and reinforcement of the own values; and

To contribute in a globalized world to the competitiveness of the economy of Oaxaca and Mexico, seeking the highest standards of quality in teaching and research, without an inferiority complex.

## Motto

The motto *Mare Nostrum Veritabile Faciendum* means "Let us truly make the sea ours".

## Governing bodies

* Rector, who is the highest university authority, and is appointed or removed by the Governor of Oaxaca.
* Academic vice-rector and administrative vice-rector, appointed by the rector.
* Vice-rector for Relations and Resources, also appointed by the rector. They have only been appointed for the Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca and Universidad del Mar, which are respectively in charge of the SUNEO offices in Mexico City and Oaxaca.
* Head of department and directors of research institutes, as well as the heads of the postgraduate studies. They are appointed by the rector.

## Academics

UMAR offers 16 undergraduate programs in addition to 11 postgraduate studies.

**Bachelor's degrees**

1. Actuarial Studies - Huatulco campus
2. Animal Science - Puerto Escondido Campus
3. Aquaculture Engineering - Puerto Ángel Campus
4. Biology - Puerto Escondido Campus
5. Communication Sciences - Huatulco Campus
6. Economics - Huatulco Campus
7. Environmental Engineering - Puerto Ángel Campus
8. Fishing Engineering- Puerto Ángel Campus
9. Forestry Engineering - Puerto Escondido Campus
10. Informatics – Puerto Escondido Campus
11. International Relations - Huatulco Campus
12. Marine Biology - Puerto Ángel Campus
13. Maritime Sciences - Puerto Ángel Campus
14. Nursing - Puerto Escondido Campus
15. Oceanology - Puerto Ángel Campus
16. Tourism Administration - Huatulco Campus

**Postgraduate Studies**

**Masters**

1. Animal Production and Health - Puerto Escondido Campus
2. Environmental Sciences - Puerto Ángel Campus
3. International Criminal Law - Huatulco Campus
4. International Relations: Environment - Huatulco Campus
5. Science: Genetics of Biodiversity - Puerto Escondido Campus
6. Science: Marine Ecology - Puerto Ángel Campus
7. Science: Wildlife Management - Puerto Escondido Campus
8. Tourism Marketing - Huatulco Campus

**Doctorates**

1. Animal Production - Puerto Escondido Campus
2. Environmental Sciences - Puerto Escondido Campus
3. Marine Ecology - Puerto Ángel Campus

## Infraestructure

UMAR has forty laboratories, for example:

* Aquaculture - Puerto Ángel Campus
* Phycotoxin Analysis (Larvatron) - Puerto Ángel Campus
* Food Analysis and Technology - Puerto Ángel Campus
* Mass Calculation - Puerto Ángel Campus
* Biological Collections - Puerto Escondido Campus
* Coastal Dynamics - Puerto Ángel Campus
* Teaching Biological Oceanography - Puerto Ángel Campus
* Teaching Physical Oceanography - Puerto Ángel Campus
* Teaching Geological Oceanography - Puerto Ángel Campus
* Ecology of the Bentos - Puerto Ángel Campus
* Histology - Puerto Ángel Campus
* Ichthyology and Fisheries Biology - Puerto Ángel Campus
* Environmental Engineering - Puerto Ángel Campus
* Research in Chemistry and Biology - Puerto Ángel Campus
* Genetic Research - Puerto Ángel Campus
* Microbiology - Puerto Escondido Campus
* Chemical Oceanography - Puerto Ángel Campus
* Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing - Puerto Ángel Campus
* Systematic of Marine Invertebrates -Campus Puerto Ángel
* Microalgae Technology -Campus Puerto Ángel

## Research

UMAR has 9 Research Institutes

1. Communication Sciences - Huatulco Campus
2. Social Sciences and Humanities - Puerto Ángel Campus
3. Ecology -Campus Puerto Escondido and Puerto Ángel Campus
4. Economic Studies - Huatulco Campus
5. International Studies Isidro Fabela - Huatulco Campus
6. Genetics -Campus Puerto Escondido and Puerto Ángel Campus
7. Industries -Campus Puerto Escondido and Puerto Ángel Campus
8. Resources -Campus Puerto Escondido and Puerto Ángel Campus
9. Tourism - Huatulco Campus

## Publications

**Books**

*The Decisive Hour*. Seara Vázquez, Modesto. 2018. 330pp.

*Corporaciones Multinacionales. Una mirada a Oaxaca.* Lozano Vázquez, Alberto, Marco Antonio Guadarrama Vega, Saúl Mendoza Palacios, Carlos Gabriel Argüelles Arredondo (Coord.). 2017. 330 pp.

*La Vuelta al Mundo en 80 años.* Seara Vázquez, Modesto. 2016. 433pp.

*Los puertos de España y México.* González Laxe, Fernando and Ojeda Cárdenas, Juan N. (Coord.). 2013. 318pp.

*Después de la Tragedia. A 70 años de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.* Seara Vázquez, Modesto and Lozano Vázquez, Alberto (Coord.). 2015. 806pp.

*DDT Mitos y Realidades.* Hernández Carlo, Beatriz and Martha E. Alcántara Garduño. 2012. 230pp.

*Aves del Jardín Botánico.* Bojorges B. José C. 2012. 92pp.

*La Sociedad Internacional Amorfa. Soluciones inadecuadas para problemas complejos.* Seara Vázquez, Modesto (coord.). 2011. 654pp.

*La iguana negra. Fundamentos de reproducción, nutrición y su manejo en cautiverio.* Arcos García, José Luis and Roberto López Pozos.  2009. 164pp.

*Diagnóstico de los Recursos Naturales de la Bahía y Micro-cuenca de Cacaluta.* Domínguez Licona, Juan Manuel (Ed.). 2008. 453pp.

*Rusia hacia la Cuenca del Pacífico.* 2007. Roldán, Eduardo (Ed.). 355pp.

*La política exterior de México durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial.* Velázquez Flores, Rafael. 2007. 205pp.

*Atlas de corales pétreos (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) del Pacífico mexicano.* Reyes Bonilla, Héctor, et al. 2005. 124pp.

*Factores, bases y fundamentos de la política exterior de México*. Velázquez Flores, Rafael. 2005. 332pp.

*Estudio de Ordenamiento Ecológico para la Zona Costera del Istmo de Tehuantepec.* Serrano Guzmán, Saúl J. (coord.). 2004. 159pp.

*Mujeres Empresarias y Turismo en la Costa Oaxaqueña. Informe Diagnóstico y Directorio.* Fernández Aldecua, María José and Pascal Barradas Salas. 2001. 81pp.

*Biología y aprovechamiento del camarón Duende Streptocephalus (Crustacea-branchiopoda).* Castrejón Ocampo, Laura. 1993. 72pp.

*Diagramas prácticos para la acuicultura.* Porras Díaz, Demetrio and Laura Castrejón Ocampo. Cuadernos 1. 1993. 111pp.

*Mezcal.* Moctezuma, Isidro. 2018. 113pp.

**Journal**

Ciencia y Mar*.* Published quarterly since 1997

Official page of the university: http://www.umar.mx/nuestrauniversidad\_eng.html

## InfoBox

| Universidad del Mar | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Puerto Ángel, Puerto Escondido and Huatulco<br>Mexico | |
| Information | |
| School type | Public |
| Motto | In Latin "Mare Nostrum Veritabile Faciendum" |
| Established | 1992 |
| Rector | Dr. Modesto Seara Vázquez |
| Website | http://www.umar.mx |


title: Chena Pump House

abstract: The Chena Pump House, also known just as the Pump House Restaurant, is a restaurant at 796 Chena Pump Road in Fairbanks, Alaska. The restaurant is located in the shell of a 1933 pumping station established by the Fairbanks Exploration Company, Alaska's largest gold mining operator at the time. The pump house was used to provide water to dredges operating on Cripple Creek in the Ester area. The building was abandoned by the company in 1958, and was enlarged and converted into a restaurant in 1978. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

text:
# Chena Pump House

The **Chena Pump House**, also known just as the **Pump House Restaurant**, is a restaurant at 796 Chena Pump Road in Fairbanks, Alaska. The restaurant is located in the shell of a 1933 pumping station established by the Fairbanks Exploration Company, Alaska's largest gold mining operator at the time. The pump house was used to provide water to dredges operating on Cripple Creek in the Ester area. The building was abandoned by the company in 1958, and was enlarged and converted into a restaurant in 1978. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Chena Pump House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| Alaska Heritage Resources Survey | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 796 Chena Pump Road, Fairbanks, Alaska |
| Coordinates | 64°49′53″N 147°53′5″W / 64.83139°N 147.88472°W / 64.83139; -147.88472 |
| Area | 3 acres (1.2 ha) |
| Built | 1933 (1933) |
| Built by | Fairbanks Exploration Company |
| NRHP reference No. | 82004900 |
| AHRS No. | FAI-202 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | March 17, 1982 |
| Designated AHRS | February 20, 1980 |


title: Oigny-en-Valois

abstract: Oigny-en-Valois is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

text:
# Oigny-en-Valois

**Oigny-en-Valois** (French pronunciation: \[waɲi ɑ̃ valwa\]) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 119 |  |
| 1968 | 92 | −22.7% |
| 1975 | 116 | +26.1% |
| 1982 | 137 | +18.1% |
| 1990 | 188 | +37.2% |
| 1999 | 163 | −13.3% |
| 2008 | 152 | −6.7% |

## InfoBox

| Oigny-en-Valois | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Chateau | |
|  | |
| Location of Oigny-en-Valois | |
| Oigny-en-ValoisOigny-en-Valois | |
| Coordinates: 49°13′12″N 3°08′15″E / 49.22°N 3.1375°E / 49.22; 3.1375 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Hauts-de-France |
| Department | Aisne |
| Arrondissement | Soissons |
| Canton | Villers-Cotterêts |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Christine Olry |
| Area**1** | 11.88 km2 (4.59 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 168 |
| Density | 14/km2 (37/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 02568 /02600 |
| Elevation | 72–158 m (236–518 ft)
(avg. 156 m or 512 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Efreytor Bakalovo

abstract: Efreytor Bakalovo is a village in the municipality of Krushari, in Dobrich Province, in northeastern Bulgaria.

text:
# Efreytor Bakalovo

**Efreytor Bakalovo** is a village in the municipality of Krushari, in Dobrich Province, in northeastern Bulgaria.

## InfoBox

| Efreytor Bakalovo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Efreytor Bakalovo | |
| Coordinates: 43°50′N 27°36′E / 43.833°N 27.600°E / 43.833; 27.600 | |
| Country | Bulgaria |
| Province | Dobrich Province |
| Municipality | Krushari |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Photochemistry and Photobiology

abstract: Photochemistry and Photobiology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering photochemistry and photobiology. It was established in 1962 and is pub lished by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the American Society for Photobiology. The editor-in-chief is Jean Cadet.

text:
# Photochemistry and Photobiology

***Photochemistry and Photobiology*** is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering photochemistry and photobiology. It was established in 1962 and is pub lished by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the American Society for Photobiology. The editor-in-chief is Jean Cadet (University of Sherbrooke).

## History

The journal's name was decided in Copenhagen at the 1960 International Congress on Photobiology. The journal has been published since 1962, originally by Pergamon Press under Robert Maxwell, who personally agreed to give the journal to the American Society for Photobiology (ASP), soon after its formation in 1972, and it has been the society's official journal ever since.

In 1986, the 38th Council of the ASP established a committee to investigate the proposal that the European Society for Photobiology (ESP) would share the operation of the journal with the ASP. Financial and contractual problems prevented agreement and, instead, ESP contracted with Elsevier leading to the publication of the *Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology* in 1987.

After the widespread challenge of falling journal subscription revenues, the journal was an early participant in the not-for-profit publishing initiative, BioOne.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Academic Search, Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews, CAB HEALTH, CABDirect, Chemical Abstracts Service, CSA Biological Sciences Database, Current Contents/Life Sciences, GeoRef, Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed, ProQuest Health & Medical Complete, Proquest Medical Library, and the Science Citation Index. According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 2.214.

## InfoBox

*Photochemistry and Photobiology*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Discipline | Photochemistry, photobiology |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Jean Cadet |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1962–present |
| Publisher | Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the American Society for Photobiology |
| Frequency | Bimonthly |
| Impact factor | 2.214 (2017) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Photochem. Photobiol.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| CODEN | PHCBAP |
| ISSN | 0031-8655 (print)
1751-1097 (web)
 |
| LCCN | 64009186 |
| OCLC no. | 01762302 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Pteroceras muriculatum

abstract: Pteroceras muriculatum is an endemic endangered orchid reported from the Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal. This insular orchid was first described by Reichenbach in 1881 as Thrixspermum muriculatum Rchb. f. based on a few specimens procured during the latter part of 19th century by Mr W. Bull. This taxon has not been reported until 2005 after the type collection. During the floristic survey of South Andaman Islands carried out by Sam Mathew for the 'Flora India Project' of the Botanical Survey of India, this taxon was relocated in 1993 from the semievergreen forests at Chidiyatappu region. Pteroceras muriculatum P. F. Hunt is a beautiful small epiphytic orchid having creamy white flowers with distinct transverse purple bands on petals. A living specimen collected from South Andaman Island is conserving at the Field Gene Bank of Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Trivandrum, India.

text:
# Pteroceras muriculatum

***Pteroceras muriculatum*** is an endemic endangered orchid reported from the Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal. This insular orchid was first described by Reichenbach in 1881 as *Thrixspermum muriculatum* Rchb. f. based on a few specimens procured during the latter part of 19th century by Mr W. Bull. This taxon has not been reported until 2005 after the type collection. During the floristic survey of South Andaman Islands carried out by Sam Mathew for the 'Flora India Project' of the Botanical Survey of India, this taxon was relocated in 1993 from the semievergreen forests at Chidiyatappu region. *Pteroceras muriculatum* (Reichb. f.) P. F. Hunt is a beautiful small epiphytic orchid having creamy white flowers with distinct transverse purple bands on petals. A living specimen collected from South Andaman Island is conserving at the Field Gene Bank of Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Trivandrum, India.

## InfoBox

| *Pteroceras muriculatum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Illustration of *Pteroceras muriculatum* as *Thrixspermum muriculatum* | |
|  | |
| Flowering specimen | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Genus: | *Pteroceras* |
| Species: | ***P. muriculatum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pteroceras muriculatum***<br>(Rchb. f.) P. F. Hunt | |
|
|  | |
| native distribution of *Pteroceras muriculatum* | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Sarcochilus muriculatus* Rchb.f. * *Thrixspermum muriculatum* (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. * *Grosourdya muriculata*  (Rchb.f.) R.Rice | |


title: Powell Street Festival

abstract: The Powell Street Festival is an ongoing annual festival in Paueru-Gai, Vancouver. Originating in 1977 the Powell Street Festival is the largest Japanese Canadian festival and the longest ongoing community event in Vancouver. The festival takes place in and around Oppenheimer Park. The Festival takes place every BC Day long weekend, which usually lands around the beginning of August. Powell Street Festival features both local, national, and international talent. It also features an outdoor venue with interactive installations, children's activities, craft market, martial arts demonstrations, taiko drumming, amateur sumo tournament, tea ceremonies, ikebana and bonsai demonstrations.

text:
# Powell Street Festival

The **Powell Street Festival** is an ongoing annual festival in Paueru-Gai, Vancouver. Originating in 1977 the Powell Street Festival is the largest Japanese Canadian festival and the longest ongoing community event in Vancouver. The festival takes place in and around Oppenheimer Park. The Festival takes place every BC Day long weekend, which usually lands around the beginning of August.

Powell Street Festival features both local, national, and international talent. It also features an outdoor venue with interactive installations, children's activities, craft market, martial arts demonstrations, taiko drumming, amateur sumo tournament, tea ceremonies, ikebana and bonsai demonstrations.

## Artists, Performers, and Talent

### Local / Lower Mainland

### National / Canadian

### International


title: Robin Boyd (architect)

abstract: Robin Gerard Penleigh Boyd was an Australian architect, writer, teacher and social commentator. He, along with Harry Seidler, stands as one of the foremost proponents for the International Modern Movement in Australian architecture. Boyd is the author of the influential book The Australian Ugliness (1960), a critique on Australian architecture, particularly the state of Australian suburbia and its lack of a uniform architectural goal. Like his American contemporary John Lautner, Boyd had relatively few opportunities to design major buildings and his best known and most influential works as an architect are his numerous and innovative small house designs.

text:
# Robin Boyd (architect)

**Robin Gerard Penleigh Boyd** CBE (3 January 1919 – 16 October 1971) was an Australian architect, writer, teacher and social commentator. He, along with Harry Seidler, stands as one of the foremost proponents for the International Modern Movement in Australian architecture. Boyd is the author of the influential book *The Australian Ugliness* (1960), a critique on Australian architecture, particularly the state of Australian suburbia and its lack of a uniform architectural goal.

Like his American contemporary John Lautner, Boyd had relatively few opportunities to design major buildings and his best known and most influential works as an architect are his numerous and innovative small house designs.

## Background and early life

Robin Boyd was a scion of the Boyd artistic dynasty in Australia, and his extended family included painters, sculptors, architects, writers and others in the arts. Robin was the younger son of the painter Penleigh Boyd, and his own son, named after his grandfather Penleigh, is an architect. He was a nephew of author Martin Boyd and a first cousin of Australian painter Arthur Boyd and his brothers David and Guy. In 1938 his grandfather Arthur Merric Boyd offered him his first commission, a studio for Arthur Boyd on the Boyd property, *Open Country*, at Murrumbeena. A further cousin was Joan à Beckett Weigall, Lady Lindsay (author of *Picnic at Hanging Rock*). She married Sir Daryl Lindsay, director of the National Gallery of Victoria, brother to artists Norman Lindsay and Sir Lionel Lindsay.

Robin Boyd's Queensland-born mother, Edith, was herself a skilled painter who also came from a prominent family. Her father, John Gerard Anderson, had been director of the Queensland Department of Public Instruction, her brother Arthur was a well-known physician, and her eldest sister Maud was of one of the first women to graduate with an Arts degree from the University of Sydney and is thought to have been Queensland's first female university graduate.

Robin Boyd and his elder brother Pat spent their early childhood at 'The Robins', the family home and studio that his father had built on land he purchased at Warrandyte, near Melbourne but in 1922 Penleigh sold 'The Robins' and moved his family to Sydney. Soon after arriving, he was enlisted by Sydney Ure Smith as one of the organisers of a major exhibition of contemporary European art. Penleigh took his family with him to England late in the year to pick paintings; he returned to Sydney without them in June 1923 to set up the exhibition, which was staged in Sydney and Melbourne during July–August. During his wife's absence Penleigh had a brief affair with another woman but shortly before his family returned from England he bought back 'The Robins' and purchased a new car.

Edith, Pat and Robin returned to Australia on 23 November 1923, but Penleigh and Edith had a heated argument soon after the homecoming. A few days later, for reasons unknown, Penleigh left Melbourne to drive to Sydney in the company of another person, but he lost control of the vehicle on a sharp bend near Warragul and it overturned. The passenger survived but Penleigh suffered terrible injuries and died at the scene within minutes. The proceeds of Penleigh's estate—including the sale of 'The Robins', the repaired car and about 40 paintings, plus an annual allowance from Penleigh's father, and a small inheritance from her own father—enabled Edith Boyd to support her sons without needing to work, even during the depths of the Depression.

After Penleigh's death Edith and the boys lived for a time in rented premises in upperclass Toorak and Robin's first two years of schooling were at Glamorgan Preparatory School. Edith bought a modest house in East Malvern in 1927, when Robin was enrolled at the nearby Lloyd Street State School. As a schoolboy he read widely and became a fan of films and jazz music. In 1930 he moved on to the Malvern Church of England Grammar School, where he completed his schooling. He sat for his Leaving Certificate in 1934 and although he failed one subject (Commercial Principles) at the first attempt, he passed that the following year. He had evidently decided quite early on architecture as his chosen career so his mother arranged for him to be articled to leading Melbourne architect Kingsley Henderson. He served in Papua New Guinea during World War II and resumed his architectural career in 1945.

## Architectural career

Boyd first came to notice in the late 1940s for his promotion of inexpensive, functional, partially prefabricated homes incorporating modernist aesthetics. Most of his architectural output was residential, although he also designed some larger buildings including the Domain Park residential tower block and the John Batman Motor Inn in Melbourne and the Australian headquarters of the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust in Canberra, on which he was working at the time of his death.

Boyd was the first Director of the Royal Victorian Institute of Architects Small Homes Service from 1947 to 1953 and for many years from 1948 he was the editor of this service for *The Age* newspaper, for which he also wrote weekly articles. The Small Homes Service provided designs of inexpensive houses, which attempted to incorporate modern architectural aesthetics and functional planning and were sold to the public for a small fee, and through this work Boyd became a household name in Victoria.

In 1948 Boyd was the recipient of the RVIA Robert and Ada Haddon Travelling Scholarship. The scholarship gave Boyd his first opportunity to travel through Europe which would have a profound influence on his later work.

In 1953 he formed a partnership with Frederick Romberg (1910–1992) and Roy Grounds (1905–1981); their influential Melbourne firm became a significant force in Australian architecture and through the 1950s and 1960s Boyd developed a number of important houses in the regional style, including a 1952 Canberra house for Australian historian Manning Clark.

Boyd was a prolific architect, with over 200 designs to his credit in his relatively short career. He was the sole designer of most of these projects although a number of early commissions were jointly designed with his unofficial partners Kevin Pethebridge and Frank Bell (1945–47) and others were jointly designed with his partners Grounds and Romberg (1953–62). After the acrimonious departure of Grounds from the practice in 1962, Romberg continued in partnership with Boyd until the latter's death.

Boyd was equally prolific and influential as a writer, commentator, educator and public speaker, vehemently supporting modernism in his *The Australian Ugliness* (1960) with a condemnation of visual pollution and vulgar 'featurism'. His work was documented and promoted by photographers Mark Strizic and Wolfgang Sievers, then the most prominent in their field. For many years from 1947 he was director of *The Age* Small Homes Service and influenced many people with his popular weekly articles on the subject. He was also lecturer in architecture at the University of Melbourne, and in 1956-57 he took up a teaching position at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston offered by Walter Gropius, a friend of Boyd's and a director at MIT.

In 1958 Boyd wrote the liner notes for satirist Barry Humphries' first commercial recording, a 7-inch EP, *Wild Life in Suburbia* (1958).

Boyd wrote nine books. His groundbreaking *Australia's Home* (1952) was the first substantial historical survey of Australian domestic architecture, and his best-known and most influential work, *The Australian Ugliness* (1960) was a popular and outspoken criticism of prevailing establishment tastes in architecture and in popular culture. Boyd was a dogged critic of the decorative tendency that he dubbed "Featurism", which he described as:

> ... not simply a decorative technique, it starts in concepts and extends upwards through the parts of the numerous trimmings. It may be defined as the subordination of the essential whole and the accentuation of selected separate features.

In 1967 Boyd presented the Boyer Lectures, which were broadcast nationally on ABC Radio. He delivered five lectures on a variety of topics and issues relating to Australia, architecture and design and prevailing cultural values of the time, under the series title *Artificial Australia*.

### Recognition

Robin Boyd was awarded the Royal Australian Institute of Architects Gold Medal in 1969.

Ten years after Boyd's death the Australian Institute of Architects established and named their top national residential prize as the Robin Boyd Award for New Residential Architecture and it has been presented annually since 1981.

## Death and legacy

Boyd travelled overseas in April–May 1971, when he contracted an infection and on his return to Australia his doctor detected a heart murmur. In early July his condition worsened and he was admitted to St Andrew's Hospital (now the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre) in Melbourne; he was diagnosed with interstitial pneumonia, told that the infection had settled in one of his heart valves and administered massive six-hourly doses of ampicillin. He recovered somewhat and struggled on through August–September, maintaining his usual heavy work schedule, but in early October his condition deteriorated again and he was admitted to the Royal Melbourne Hospital. Doctors puzzled over a diagnosis but eventually decided to extract all his teeth under full anaesthetic, believing the infection had settled there. He suffered a stroke while recovering from the operation, and although he briefly rallied enough to recognise his wife Patricia, he died three days later on 16 October 1971, aged 52.

In 2005, the not-for-profit Robin Boyd Foundation was established by a group including Boyd's family, the Australian Institute of Architects (Victoria Chapter), the faculties of architecture at the University of Melbourne, Deakin University and RMIT University, and others with expertise, interest and commitment to the advancement of design. Their website lists the Foundation's aims, which are to deepen understanding of the benefits of design through design awareness, design literacy and design advocacy. The Hon. Gough Whitlam was the founding patron of the foundation. From 17 August to 2 October 2011, the Mornington Peninsula Regional Gallery displayed all of the houses that Boyd had created for the Mornington Peninsula region.

The centenary of Boyd's birth in 2019 was marked by "the thirty-year anniversary of a two-day event comprising a public symposium, exhibition, publications and building tour dedicated to Robin Boyd." A special issue of the RMIT Design Archives Journal was produced to mark these two anniversaries entitled: Robin Boyd Redux.

## Major completed projects

| Project name | Image | Year completed | Location | State | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Arthur Boyd Studio |  | 1938 | 8 Wahroonga Cres, Murrumbeena | VIC | Pulled down in 1964 when Boyd family property sold for urban development. |
| Edith Boyd House |  | 1939 | Burwood | VIC |  |
| Boyd House I |  | 1947 | 158 Riversdale Rd, Camberwell | VIC |  |
| J. H. White House |  | 1948 | 31 Mundy St, Mentone | VIC |  |
| Alan Brown House I |  | 1949 | Toorak Rd, Malvern | VIC |  |
| Dustan House |  | 1949 | 17 Yandilla St, Balwyn | VIC |  |
| Manning Clark House |  | 1952 | 11 Tasmania Circle, Forrest | ACT |  |
| Gillison House |  | 1952 | Balwyn | VIC |  |
| Fenner House |  | 1953 | 8 Monaro Cres, Red Hill | ACT |  |
| Hilary Roche House |  | 1954 | 4 Bedford St, Deakin | ACT |  |
| Richardson House |  | 1954 | 10 Blackfriars Close, Toorak | VIC | Heritage listed locally by City of Stonnington. Largely rebuilt maintaining exterior appearance c2000. |
| Date House |  | 1956 | Studley Park, Kew | VIC |  |
| Walkley House |  | 1956 | 26-27 Palmer Place, North Adelaide | SA |  |
| Haughton James House |  | 1957 | 82 Molesworth Street, Kew | VIC | Listed by National Trust (Victoria) |
| Winter-Irving House |  | 1957 | Lake Colac | VIC |  |
| Walsh Street House |  | 1959 | 290 Walsh St, South Yarra | VIC |  |
| Clemson House |  | 1960 | 24 Milfay Ave, Kew | VIC | Listed by Heritage Victoria |
| Handfield House |  | 1960 | Eltham | VIC |  |
| Black Dolphin Motel |  | 1961 | Merimbula | NSW |  |
| Holy Trinity Lutheran National Memorial Church
(now Finnish Lutheran Church) |  | 1961 | 22 Watson Street, Turner | ACT | with Roy Grounds & Frederick Romberg, heritage listed 14 October 2008 |
| St George's Anglican Church |  | 1962 | Melbourne | VIC | with Romberg |
| Domain Park Flats |  | 1962 | Melbourne | VIC |  |
| Verge House |  | 1964 | 204 Monaro Cres, Red Hill | ACT |  |
| Baker House |  | 1966 | Bacchus Marsh | VIC |  |
| Lawrence House and Flats |  | 1966 | 13 Studley Avenue, Kew | VIC | Listed by National Trust (Victoria) |
| Lyons House |  | 1967 | 733 Port Hacking Rd, Dolans Bay | NSW |  |
| John Batman Motor Inn |  | 1968 | Melbourne | VIC |  |
| Baker Dower House |  | 1968 | Bacchus Marsh | VIC |  |
| Eltringham House |  | 1969 | 12 Marawa Pl, Aranda | ACT |  |
| McClune House |  | 1969 | Marcus Rd, Frankston | VIC |  |
| Featherston House |  | 1969 | Ivanhoe | VIC |  |
| Winston Churchill Memorial Trust Headquarters |  | 1972 | Braddon | ACT | with Romberg; completed by Neil Clerehan |

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Robin BoydCBE | |
| --- | --- |
| Boyd's Hilary Roche House (1954) in Deakin, ACT, is typical of the post-war Melbourne regional style of architecture: long unbroken roof line, wide eaves, extensive windows. | |
| Born | Robin Gerard Penleigh Boyd
(1919-01-03)3 January 1919 |
| Died | 16 October 1971(1971-10-16) (aged 52)
Melbourne, Victoria |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Occupation | Architect |
| Spouse | Patricia Madder (m. 1941; died 2009) |
| Parent(s) | Penleigh Boyd, Edith Anderson |
| Awards | RAIA Gold Medal (1969) |
|  | |
| Buildings |  |
| Design | International Modern Movement |
|  | |


title: Dakkili mandal

abstract: Dakkili mandal is one of the 34 mandals in Tirupati district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a part of Gudur revenue division.

text:
# Dakkili mandal

**Dakkili mandal** is one of the 34 mandals in Tirupati district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a part of Gudur revenue division.

## History

Dakkili mandal was a part of Nellore district until 2022. It was made part of the newly formed Tirupati district effective from 4 April 2022.

## Demographics

| Religions in Dakkili mandal (2011) | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Religion | |  | Percent | |
| Hindus | |  | 98.91% | |
| Muslims | |  | 0.84% | |
| Christians | |  | 0.16% | |
| Others or not stated | |  | 0.09% | |
| Distribution of religions | | | | |

As per 2011 census, Dakkili mandal had a total population of 40,452 with 20,174 male population and 20,278 female population with a density of 146/km2. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 11,656 and 4,976 of the population respectively. It had a literacy rate of 56.81% with 64.6% among males and 49.14% among females.

## Administration

Dakkili mandal is a part of Gudur revenue division. As of 2011 census, the mandal comprises the following 50 villages:

| Village |
| --- |
| Althurupadu |
| Attalasiddavaram |
| Bheemavaram |
| Chakalapalle |
| Chapalapalle |
| Cheekirenipalle |
| Chennasamudram |
| Cherlopalle |
| Daggavolu |
| Dakkili |
| Dandavolu |
| Dandavolu Upparapalle |
| Dattanagaram\* |
| Devulapalle |
| Gollavarigunta\* |
| Kandalavaripalle |
| Koneswarabhatlapalle |
| Kothacheruvu\* |
| Kothanalapadu |
| Kuppayapalem |
| Lingasamudram |
| Madhavaiahpalem |
| Mahasamudram |
| Marlagunta |
| Matumadugu |
| Mopuru |
| Nadimpalle |
| Nagavolu |
| Nagulapadu |
| Naidupalem |
| Namasivayapuram\* |
| Noothalacheruvu\* |
| Palugodu |
| Pathanalapadu |
| Pedayachasamudram |
| Sanganapalle |
| Sreepuram |
| Surayapalem |
| Swarnayacha Samudram\* |
| Theerthampadu |
| Thimmanagunta |
| Thimmayapalem |
| Vedurugunta\* |
| Veera Kummara Yachasamudram |
| Velampalle |
| Velikallu |
| Vembuluru |
| Vempativaripalle |
| Vengamanaidupalle |
| Yellavajjulapalle |

* Note: Dattanagaram, Gollavarigunta, Kothacheruvu, Namasivayapuram, Noothalacheruvu, Swarnayacha Samudram and Vedurugunta were uninhabited

## Politics

Dakkili mandal is a part of Venkatagiri Assembly constituency and Tirupati Lok Sabha constituency. As of 1 January 2018, the mandal had 29,925 eligible voters with 14,822 male voters and 15,103 female voters.

## InfoBox

| Dakkili mandal | |
| --- | --- |
| Mandal | |
|  | |
| Dakkili mandalDakkili mandal | |
| Coordinates: 14°6′10″N 79°33′0″E / 14.10278°N 79.55000°E / 14.10278; 79.55000 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| District | Tirupati |
| Revenue division | Gudur |
| Area | |
| Mandal | 277.12 km2 (107.00 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Mandal | 40,452 |
| Density | 150/km2 (380/sq mi) |
| Urban | 0 |
| Rural | 40,452 |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |


title: Ryckman

abstract:
Ryckman is a surname from Old German with a meaning related to "power"; English versions of the surname include Rickman and Rick. "Ryckman" is also a Dutch surname arising as a nickname for a rijc man. Among the notable people who share this surname are:
  - 17th Century
  - Albert Janse Ryckman (1642–1737), American businessman and politician
  - 19th Century
  - Edmond Baird Ryckman (1866–1934), Canadian politician
  - Samuel Shobal Ryckman (1849–1929), Canadian businessman and politician
  - 20th Century
  - Billy Ryckman, former professional American football player
  - Larry Ryckman, Canadian-American entertainment, technology and sports entrepreneur
  - Richard M. Ryckman (1937–2017), American psychologist and textbook author
  - Ron Ryckman Sr., American politician
  - Ron Ryckman Jr.,, American politician

text:
# Ryckman

**Ryckman** is a surname from Old German with a meaning related to "power"; English versions of the surname include Rickman and Rick. "Ryckman" is also a Dutch surname arising as a nickname for a *rijc man* (rich man).

Among the notable people who share this surname are (organized by birth century):

17th Century 19th Century 20th Century  * Ryckmans
* Ryckman Park, public park located on Ocean Avenue in Melbourne Beach, Florida on the Indian River
* Ryckman Corners, Ryckman's Corners, a rural hamlet, is located south of Hamilton at Rymal Road and Upper James. Ryckman's Corners was first settled in the late 1790s, It is named after the Ryckman family, one of the earliest settlers on the mountain. Ryckman Corners is located near Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

\<https://www.thespec.com/news-story/2243505-time-capsule-vintage-photos-from-ryckman-s-corners/\>


title: Ravensworth Castle, Lamesley

abstract: Ravensworth Castle is a ruinous Grade II* listed building and a Scheduled Ancient Monument situated at Lamesley, Tyne and Wear, England. The building has been destroyed and rebuilt a number of times, and was the seat of the Ravensworth barons, the Liddells.

text:
# Ravensworth Castle, Lamesley

**Ravensworth Castle** is a ruinous Grade II\* listed building and a Scheduled Ancient Monument situated at Lamesley, Tyne and Wear, England. The building has been destroyed and rebuilt a number of times, and was the seat of the Ravensworth barons, the Liddells.

## History

The castle may have started as a solar tower, which could have been added to an existing manor house approximately 1315. Further towers appear to have been added incrementally throughout the course of the fourteenth century.

Early owners included Fitz-Marmaduke, Viscount Lumley and Gascoigne. In 1607, the castle was purchased by Thomas Liddell, a wealthy Newcastle-upon-Tyne merchant. Liddell and his family would hold onto the estate for the following 300 years, much of their fortune would come from coal mining on the land, beginning in the early 17th century.

In 1724 Sir Henry Liddell built a substantial mansion within the curtilage of the castle, but this was demolished in 1808 by Sir Thomas Liddell, and replaced by a grand house designed in the Gothic Revival style by architect John Nash. The Duke of Wellington was entertained there in October 1827.

Georgiana, Lady Bloomfield, daughter of Sir Thomas Liddell wrote about visiting the castle in 1831, while still in her childhood.

Around 1935, the family began mining for coal directly under the house, with demolition of the building starting around the same time. The intention was to use the wreckage to build a model village, but with the interruption of World War II, only three houses were created. The majority of the house had been demolished by 1953.

## *Restoration* series

The castle was featured in the BBC's television programme *Restoration*. All thirty candidates from the series also featured in a book which was produced after the series.

## InfoBox

| Ravensworth Castle | |
| --- | --- |
| Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England | |
|  | |
| Ravensworth Castle | |
| Coordinates | 54°55′35″N 1°38′19″W / 54.9264°N 1.6387°W / 54.9264; -1.6387 |
| Grid reference | grid reference NZ23255914 |
| Site information | |
| Condition | Ruined |


title: Photochemical internalization

abstract: Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a drug and gene therapy delivery method originally developed to improve the release of macromolecules and hydrophilic chemotherapeutic agents from endosomes and lysosomes to the cytosol of targeted cancer cells. PCI is based on the use of endosomal and lysosomal localizing amphiphilic photosensitizers which, after activation by light, induce photochemical reactions resulting in destruction of endocytic membranes mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The photochemical destabilization of the membrane of the endocytic vesicle result in an endosomal escape of the entrapped drugs. The technology was invented by Kristian Berg at the Norwegian Radium Hospital.

text:
# Photochemical internalization

**Photochemical internalization** (PCI) is a drug and gene therapy delivery method originally developed to improve the release of macromolecules and hydrophilic chemotherapeutic agents from endosomes and lysosomes to the cytosol of targeted cancer cells. PCI is based on the use of endosomal and lysosomal localizing amphiphilic photosensitizers which, after activation by light, induce photochemical reactions resulting in destruction of endocytic membranes mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The photochemical destabilization of the membrane of the endocytic vesicle result in an endosomal escape of the entrapped drugs. The technology was invented by Kristian Berg at the Norwegian Radium Hospital.

## Further reading

* Pasparakis, George; Manouras, Theodore; Vamvakaki, Maria; Argitis, P Panagiotis (7 April 2014). "Harnessing photochemical internalization with dual degradable nanoparticles for combinatorial photo–chemotherapy". *Nature Communications*. **5**: 3623. Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.3623P. doi:10.1038/ncomms4623. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 3988806. PMID 24710504.
* Berg, Kristian; Weyergang, Anette; Prasmickaite, Lina; Bonsted, Anette; Høgset, Anders; Strand, Marie-Therese R.; Wagner, Ernst; Selbo, Pål K. (2010). "Photochemical Internalization (PCI): A Technology for Drug Delivery". *Photodynamic Therapy*. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 635. Humana Press. pp. 133–145. doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-697-9\_10. ISBN 978-1-60761-696-2. PMID 20552345.


title: Chena Hot Springs, Alaska

abstract: Chena Hot Springs is an unincorporated community and hot spring resort in the Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska, United States, 56.5 miles northeast of Fairbanks near the Chena River State Recreation Area. The resort makes use of the first low-temperature binary geothermal power plant built in Alaska, and is working on several alternative energy projects, including production and use of hydrogen and vegetable oil for fuel. The resort is conducting collaborative experiments in greenhouse production of vegetables with the University of Alaska Fairbanks Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station.

text:
# Chena Hot Springs, Alaska

**Chena Hot Springs** is an unincorporated community and hot spring resort in the Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska, United States, 56.5 miles northeast of Fairbanks near the Chena River State Recreation Area. The resort makes use of the first low-temperature binary geothermal power plant built in Alaska, and is working on several alternative energy projects, including production and use of hydrogen and vegetable oil for fuel. The resort is conducting collaborative experiments in greenhouse production of vegetables with the University of Alaska Fairbanks Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station.

## History

Chena Hot Springs was founded over 100 years ago by two gold mining brothers, Robert and Thomas Swan. In 1905, Robert Swan was suffering from rheumatism and needed a place to calm his pain and be comfortable. The two brothers set out to find the hot springs. It took them a little over a month to reach the hot springs after searching for it in Interior Alaska’s harsh landscape. In 1911, twelve small cabins were built to accommodate visitors. The twelve cabins developed, establishing it as a resort in the interior of Alaska. The United States Department of Agriculture sent chemists to analyze the water.

## Demographics

Chena Hot Springs has never formally reported a population on the U.S. Census. The USGS reported it had an estimated summer population of 10 for the resort.

## Weather

The coordinates for Chena Hot Springs Alaska are 65'03 *N and 146'03* W (65.05, -146.05). The average yearly temperature for the area is −4.9 °C (23.2 °F), with the highest temperature being in July at 20.4 °C (68.7 °F) and the lowest temperature being in January at −31.2 °C (−24.2 °F). Annually the average amount of precipitation is 357 millimetres (14.1 in). The average snowfall amount in Chena Hot Springs is 161.8 centimetres (63.7 in) annually.

Chena Hot Springs has visibility of the Aurora borealis, especially around the March equinox.

## Aurora Ice Museum

The Aurora Ice Museum contains carved ice sculptures and is located at the hot springs resort is open throughout the year. Some of the sculptures depict igloos, a large chess set, and jousting knights on horseback.

## Geothermal Power Plant

Chena Hot Springs Resort uses two 200kW Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) geothermal energy power plants to generate energy, the first in Alaska. The resort moved the diesel generators used in the past to a backup role since July 2006, and it is successful in reducing the cost from 30 cents/kWh to 5 cents/kWh.

## DC6 On Display

Everts Air Cargo retired the Douglas DC-6A N6174C “Good Grief” on October 2, 2016, after it made the final flight from Anchorage to Chena Hot Springs, after its 62-year flight career.

## InfoBox

| Chena Hot Springs, Alaska | |
| --- | --- |
| Populated Place | |
| Chena Hot Springs, Alaska, 2016 | |
| Chena Hot SpringsLocation in the U.S. state of Alaska | |
| Coordinates (USGS GNIS 1400199): 65°03′11″N 146°03′20″W / 65.05306°N 146.05556°W / 65.05306; -146.05556 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Alaska |
| Borough | Fairbanks North Star |
| Elevation | 1,158 ft (353 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-9 (Alaska (AKST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-8 (AKDT) |
| ZIP code | 99712 |
| Area code | 907 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1400199 |


title: Mil Ke Bhi Hum Na Mile (TV series)

abstract: Mil Ke Bhi Hum Na Mile is an Indian drama television series which aired on Dangal from 19 February 2024. It was produced by Masterstoke Productions. It currently stars Diksha Dhami, Adhik Mehta and Manisha Saxena. It formerly starred Zohaib Siddiqui and Manisha Saxena in the lead roles.

text:
# Mil Ke Bhi Hum Na Mile (TV series)

***Mil Ke Bhi Hum Na Mile*** (transl.Even Having Met, We Did Not Meet) is an Indian drama television series which aired on Dangal from 19 February 2024. It was produced by Masterstoke Productions. It currently stars Diksha Dhami, Adhik Mehta and Manisha Saxena. It formerly starred Zohaib Siddiqui and Manisha Saxena in the lead roles.

## Plot

Reva was only six months old when her parents separated from her, leaving her in the care of a greedy couple who exploited her luck for financial gain. They planned to marry her off to an elderly man for his wealth, but Rajveer Chauhan intervened and rescued her. As Reva grows closer to Rajveer, she discovers that he is engaged to her sister Shruti, and her own feelings for him become more complicated. Eventually Rajveer dies after getting shot leaving Reva and Shruti as widows.

### 5 Year Later

Reva is shown living as a widow eventually she marries Raghav Bhansingh.

## Cast

### Main

* Diksha Dhami as Reva Dikshit Bhansingh (formerly Chauhan): Mohan and Anu's younger / long lost daughter; Shruti's younger sister; Rajveer's widow; Raghav's wife (2024)
* Adhik Mehta as Raghav Bhansingh: Reva's second husband(2024)
* Manisha Saxena as Shruti Dikshit Chauhan: Rajveer's widow; Mohan and Anu's elder daughter; Reva's elder sister (2024)
* Zohaib Siddiqui as Rajveer Chauhan: Shruti and Reva's husband; Deepak and Kashmira's brother (2024) (Dead)
* Vibhanshu Dixit as Manav

### Recurring

* Vibhanshu Dixit as Manav
* Ruby Thuukral as Dadi
* Parul Chauhan as Kashmira Chauhan: Rajveer and Deepak's elder sister (2024)
* Anjali Gupta as Anu Dixit: Reva and Shruti's mother; Mohan's wife (2024)
* Rajiv Kumar as Mohan Dixit: Reva and Shruti's father; Anu's husband (2024)
* Toral Trivedi as Nandini
* Yeshu Diman as Parul
* Bindiya Kalra
* Mohit Arora as Deepak Chauhan: Rajveer and Kashmira's brother (2024)
* Love Singh as Pramod
* Neelakshi Naithani as Lata Bhansingh: Raghav's paternal aunt

## Production

### Casting

Manisha Saxena, Diksha Dhami, Vibhanshu Dixit and Zohaib Siddiqui were signed as the leads. The series also marks television comeback of Mohit Arora into television after 10 years.

Zohaib Siddiqui and Manisha Saxena quit the show in April 2024. All cast changed After 5 Year Leap.

### Release

The series was announced on Dangal by Masterstoke Productions. Manisha Saxena, Diksha Dhami and Zohaib Siddiqui were signed as the leads. The first promo was released on 3 February 2024 featuring Manisha Saxena, Diksha Dhami and Zohaib Siddiqui. It replaced the television series *Purnimaa.*

## Soundtrack

| Milke Bhi Hum Na Mile | |
| --- | --- |
| Soundtrack album | |
| Released | 2023 |
| Genre | Romance
Soundtrack |
| Length | 3:43 |
| Language | Hindi |
| Label | Enterr10 Television Network |

Tracklisting
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Milke Bhi Hum Na Mile" |  |
| Total length: | | 3:43 |

## InfoBox

| *Mil Ke Bhi Hum Na Mile* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Drama
Romance |
| Created by | Sohan Master |
| Developed by | Sohan Master |
| Screenplay by | Namramita Banerjee |
| Story by | Dhamini Kanwal Shetty Ahsan Bakhsh
**Dialogues**
Yash Kumar Sharada |
| Directed by | Ajay Sharma
Sukriti Das |
| Creative director | Vaishakhi Banerjee |
| Starring |  |
| Theme music composer | Nishant Raja |
| Opening theme | *Milke Bhi Hum Na Mile* |
| Composer | Dharmesh Mistri |
| Country of origin | India |
| Original language | Hindi |
| No. of episodes | 126 |
| Production | |
| Producers | Sohan Master
Vishal Bisen(Tony Singh) |
| Cinematography | Nidhin Balindra |
| Editors | Sanjay Singh
Dhinesh Kumar |
| Camera setup | Multi-camera |
| Running time | 22-24 minutes |
| Production company | Master Stroke Productions |
| Original release | |
| Network | Dangal |
| Release | 19 February (2024-02-19)
13 July 2024 (2024-07-13) |


title: Ryckman Park

abstract: Ryckman Park is a public park located on Ocean Avenue in Melbourne Beach, Florida on the Indian River in the historic section of town. The park is in the historic section of Melbourne Beach and contains the Town Hall, the Melbourne Beach Community Center, a playground, several gazebos and the Melbourne Beach Pier. The former Villa Marine Hotel, built in 1912, is across the street and the Community Chapel of Melbourne Beach is nearby.

text:
# Ryckman Park

**Ryckman Park** is a public park located on Ocean Avenue in Melbourne Beach, Florida on the Indian River in the historic section of town. The park is in the historic section of Melbourne Beach and contains the Town Hall, the Melbourne Beach Community Center (formerly the Women's Club), a playground, several gazebos and the Melbourne Beach Pier. The former Villa Marine Hotel, built in 1912, is across the street and the Community Chapel of Melbourne Beach is nearby.

## Ryckman House

The historic Ryckman House, one of the first homes in Melbourne Beach, is located in the park. The Florida-Vernacular style house was built in 1890 and was the home of G. E. Ryckman for 70 years.

## Beaujean Home and Post Office

There is a replica of the Beaujean home and first post office at Ryckman Park.

## InfoBox

| Ryckman Park | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | Public park / historic area |
| Location | 519 Ocean Avenue<br>Melbourne Beach |
| Coordinates | 28°04′05″N 80°33′56″W / 28.0680°N 80.5655°W / 28.0680; -80.5655 |
| Status | Open all year |


title: Dos de Mayo Province

abstract: The Dos de Mayo Province is one of eleven provinces of the Huánuco Region in Peru. The capital of this province is the city of La Unión.

text:
# Dos de Mayo Province

The **Dos de Mayo Province** (literally *May 2*) is one of eleven provinces of the Huánuco Region in Peru. The capital of this province is the city of La Unión.

## Boundaries

## Geography

Some of the highest mountains of the province are listed below:

* Allqa Raqra
* Allqay
* Aquy P'itiq
* Chuskuqucha
* Hanka Punta
* Hanka Wasi
* Hatun Punta
* Hatun P'unqu
* Hirka Kancha
* Kimsa Qucha
* Kinwa Qucha
* Kunkayuq
* Kushuru
* Khuchi Mach'ay
* Mama Hirka
* Maray
* Millpu Punta
* Pampa Wasi
* Pinqullu
* Pishtaq Punta
* Puchka Punta
* Puka Hirka
* Puka Raqra
* Phiruruyuq Punta
* P'itiq
* Qisqi Punta
* Qiwlla Qucha
* Quchayuq Punta
* Quriqucha
* Raqra Punta
* Riku Hirka
* Rumi Sunqu
* Rupha Pampa
* Saqra Waqra
* Saqsa Kusma
* Tikti Punta
* Tinku Pampa Punta
* Tuna Kancha
* Tutu Punta
* Ukru Wayin
* Waka Mach'ay Punta
* Wamalla Punta
* Wamash Punta
* Wank'a Mayu
* Wank'a Ukru Punta
* Wayta Hirka Punta
* Winchus
* Wiru Wiru
* Yana Mach'ay
* Yana Phaqcha
* Yuraq Yaku
* Yuraq Yaku Punta

## Political division

The province is divided into nine districts, which are:

## Ethnic groups

The province is inhabited by indigenous citizens of Quechua descent. Spanish, however, is the language which the majority of the population (59.82%) learnt to speak in childhood, 39.87% of the residents started speaking using the Quechua language (2007 Peru Census).

9°49′59″S 76°40′08″W / 9.833°S 76.669°W / -9.833; -76.669

## InfoBox

| Dos de Mayo | |
| --- | --- |
| Province | |
| Urqumayu valley | |
| Location of Dos de Mayo in the Huánuco Region | |
| Country | Peru |
| Region | Huánuco |
| Founded | November 5, 1870 |
| Capital | La Unión |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Luis Maldonado Rivera
(2019–2022) |
| Area | |
| Total | 1,438.88 km2 (555.55 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 3,226 m (10,584 ft) |
| Population | |
| Total | 33,258 |
| Density | 23/km2 (60/sq mi) |
| UBIGEO | 1003 |
| Website | Official Website |


title: Ryszard Ronczewski

abstract: Ryszard Ronczewski was a Polish actor. He appeared in more than seventy films from 1954 to 2021. Ronczewski died from COVID-19 on 17 October 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. He was 90.

text:
# Ryszard Ronczewski

**Ryszard Ronczewski** (27 June 1930 – 17 October 2020) was a Polish actor.

He appeared in more than seventy films from 1954 to 2021 (the premiere of *The Wedding* occurred a few months after his death).

Ronczewski died from COVID-19 on 17 October 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. He was 90.

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | *The Two Who Stole the Moon* |  |  |
| 1969 | *Colonel Wolodyjowski* |  |  |
| 2003 | *An Ancient Tale: When the Sun Was a God* |  |  |
| 2007 | *And Along Come Tourists* |  |  |
| 2012 | *Kaddisch für einen Freund* |  |  |
| 2013 | *West* |  |  |
| 2021 | *The Wedding* | Antoni Wilk |  |

## InfoBox

| Ryszard Ronczewski | |
| --- | --- |
| Ronczewski in 2015 | |
| Born | (1930-06-27)27 June 1930
Puszkarnia, Poland (present-day part of Vilnius, Lithuania) |
| Died | 17 October 2020(2020-10-17) (aged 90)
Sopot, Poland |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1954–2020 |


title: Ryszard Rumianek

abstract: Ryszard Rumianek was the rector of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw. He died in the 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash in Smolensk. Rumianek was born in Warsaw. He was ordained in 1972 by Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński shortly after graduation from the Major Metropolitan Seminary in Warsaw. At the time of his death he was the rector of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw. On 5 October 2009, for outstanding achievements in scientific and educational activities for performance in pastoral work he was awarded the Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta. On 16 April 2010, he was posthumously awarded the Commander's Cross of Polonia Restituta.

text:
# Ryszard Rumianek

**Ryszard Rumianek** (7 November 1947  10 April 2010) was the rector of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw. He died in the 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash in Smolensk.

Rumianek was born in Warsaw. He was ordained in 1972 by Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński shortly after graduation from the Major Metropolitan Seminary in Warsaw. At the time of his death he was the rector of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw.

On 5 October 2009, for outstanding achievements in scientific and educational activities for performance in pastoral work he was awarded the Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta. On 16 April 2010, he was posthumously awarded the Commander's Cross of Polonia Restituta.


title: Dos hogares

abstract: Dos hogares is a Spanish-language Mexican drama thriller telenovela produced by Emilio Larrosa for Televisa in 2011. Anahí, Carlos Ponce and Sergio Goyri starred as protagonists, while Alfredo Adame, Jorge Ortiz de Pinedo, Olivia Collins, Malillany Marín and Joana Benedek starred as antagonists.

text:
# Dos hogares

***Dos hogares*** (English title: *Two Homes, Double Life*) is a Spanish-language Mexican drama thriller telenovela produced by Emilio Larrosa for Televisa in 2011.

Anahí, Carlos Ponce and Sergio Goyri starred as protagonists, while Alfredo Adame, Jorge Ortiz de Pinedo, Olivia Collins, Malillany Marín and Joana Benedek starred as antagonists.

## History

Canal de las Estrellas aired *Dos Hogares* from June 27, 2011 to January 20, 2012, with *Abismo de Pasión* replacing it. From October 31, 2011 to May 29, 2012., Univision broadcast *Dos Hogares* at 3pm central, replacing one hour of *Ni Contigo Ni Sin Ti*.

## Plot

Angélica Estrada (Anahí) is a veterinarian committed to her job. She is engaged to Santiago Ballesteros (Carlos Ponce), a young and good-looking architect. She lives with her mother and her brother, Jorge.

Santiago's mother, widow Patricia Ortiz Monasterio (Olivia Collins), doesn't like Angelica and wants Santiago to marry Jennifer (Malillany Marín), Armando Garza's (Alfredo Adame) daughter. Her other son, Claudio (Abraham Ramos), studies Law. Patricia and Ricardo Valtierra (Sergio Goyri) are lovers. In the past, Ricardo was married to Yolanda Rivapalacio (Joana Benedek) but they divorced after Yolanda cheated on him with a man.

Ricardo is the main shareholder at a food company entitled Grupo KNG. Armando, Patricia and he are all members of the Board of Directors of this company. Armando Garza wants to take revenge on Ricardo Valtierra because his father went into bankruptcy and committed suicide because of Ricardo's father.

Angélica marries Santiago. Soon after, Santiago suffers an accident and disappears, being declared "officially dead". Jennifer dates Jorge. Dario Colmenares (Victor Noriega) is Yolanda's lover but he also likes Pamela (Maya Mishalska). Refugio (Laura Leon) is married to Cristobal (Jorge Ortiz de Pinedo) and they have a son named Oscar and a daughter named Cristina. Cristobal is polygamous and he has another wife named Mara with whom he has a boy and a girl, and a mistress called Dayana. Cristina works with Claudio and they start dating.

After two years of mourning, Angélica finds love in Ricardo Valtierra. Ricardo breaks up with Patricia and marries Angélica. Pamela falls in love with Ricardo. Patricia starts dating Armando. Cristobal gets married for the third time, with Dayana. Ricardo and Angélica return from their honeymoon because his mother suffered a stroke. Yolanda claims back her actions at Grupo KNG from Ricardo and she becomes the main shareholder. She is still in love with him. In San Antonio, Texas, Oscar starts dating Dayana.

Santiago reappears and tries to recover his life and Angélica's heart. Angélica now faces a big dilemma: she is married to two different men, both of whom she loves and needs. Santiago suffers from amnesia and lives with a woman named Flor Lopez who loves him. They met in the village where Santiago was found by a woman after his accident. Angelica allows them to stay together and pays for his recovery treatment but she doesn't tell him she's also married to Ricardo. She hides him and doesn't tell the others that he is alive.

Armando hires a woman called Abril to make Jorge fall in love with her and separate him and Jennifer. Dario Colmenares is elected president of the Board of Directors of Grupo KNG but the company faces financial problems and loses millions of pesos because of a fraud committed by Cristobal, Pamela and her step-father Eleazar. Ricardo is presumed guilty by Armando and his rights in the company are canceled by the members of the Board. Dario resigns. Armando becomes president of Grupo KNG. Mara turns out to be Yolanda's cousin. Mara, together with her children, abandons the house where she used to live with Cristobal, goes to Ciudad de Mexico, and becomes Yolanda's personal assistant.

Ricardo is arrested for the fraud at Grupo KNG. Patricia offers him her help to get out of prison in exchange of him leaving Angelica. He declines. By coincidence, Cristina becomes Ricardo's lawyer. Jennifer meets Santiago and afterwards tells Patricia, Claudio and others that he is alive and hidden by Angelica but nobody believes her. Adela, an ex-student of Santiago who is in love with him, discovers that he is alive and starts dating him. Ricardo is released from prison. Jennifer and Dario start dating but she has a one-night stand with Jorge. Ricardo sees Yolanda and Armando kissing in an office. Armando tells him that she cheated on him with Armando. They fight.

Jennifer confesses to Jorge that she dates Dario. Dario and Jorge get into a fight. Cristobal's brother loves Refugio and helps her to become a singer. Claudio and Karina had an affair and she got pregnant. He does not want to marry her. Santiago moves in the same block of flats where Refugio and her family live. One day he hears noise in Refugio's apartment as Servando, a man that Cristina dated for a while, was about to rape Cristina and he saves her. Patricia hires Julian to follow Angelica. He sees her with Santiago and he blackmails her to give him more money than Patricia to keep silence. Jorge wants to shoot Dario but it is he who is injured. Eventually, Julian tells Patricia that her son is alive. Angelica has to choose between her love with Santiago or Ricardo. She chooses Ricardo after Santiago starts dating her godmother's niece Adela. She goes live with Ricardo in his ranch. Unfortunately, Refugio finds out that Cristobal her husband has two other wives, makes him leave the house. Claudio proposes to Cristina and she accepts however when they tell the news to Patricia she lies and says they can't because they're siblings. Heartbroken Cristina and Claudio go do a DNA test, the results turn out negative.

They decide marry since they aren't siblings. Santiaho has trouble loving Adela since he still thinks of Angelica. Jorge goes missing who makes his mom heartbroken. Cristina and Claudio marry and go to their honeymoon. At the ranch, Angelica does what she can so Ricardo isn't in danger due to a bad guys who want rob Ricardo ranch since they heard there is a secret area in the ranch that has gold. Jennifer dad Armando teams up with them to avenge his dad's death which has nothing to do with Ricardo his dad chose to end his life and blames Ricardo instead. At Angelicas wedding to Ricardo, Ricardo gets shot and dies. Heartbroken, Angelica reconnects with Santigo which Adela left him realizing he will always love Angelica. They get married and have two children.

## Cast

### Main

### Recurring

### Guest cast

* Pietro Vanucci as Alexander Vadín
* Marisol Santacruz as Mara Sevedo
* Ana Bekoa as Dayana Díaz
* Arturo Vázquez as Julián Martínez
* Gabriela Goldsmith as Verónica Larrazábal
* José Carlos Femat as Jorge Estrada
* Hugo Aceves as Luis Miguel Sánchez "El Ojos Verdes"
* Roberto Tello as Rodolfo de la Colina
* Mauricio García Muela as Mauricio Pérez
* Benjamin Rivero as Braulio
* Elizabeth Valdez as Beatriz Noriega
* Lola Merino as Juana Maria
* José Luis Cordero as Mario
* Rudy Casanova as Don Fidel
* Luis Felipe Montoya as "El Charal"
* Mundo Siller as "El Jagger"
* Marco Uriel as Baldomero Lagos
* Alfredo Alfonso as Julio Cesar Palma
* Sergio Acosta as Cornelio Mendoza
* Diana Golden as Paola Diaz
* Javier Herranz as Leopoldo Garcia
* Diana Villa as Gardenia
* Ivonne Ley as Jacinta
* Xorge Noble as Filemon
* Carlos Miguel as Goyo
* Rogelio Guerra as Rodrigo Valtierra
* Esteban Franco as Artemio "El Lagarto"
* Yolanda Ciani as Martha de Colmenares
* Manuel Landeta as Ernesto
* Edith Kleiman as Dolores
* Archie Lafranco as Servando Uriostegui
* Dobrina Cristeva as Sofía
* Silvia Váldez as Abril
* Emma Escalante as Karina
* Eduardo de Guise as Octavio
* David Rencoret
* Marco Munoz as Esteban
* Felipe Najera as Guillermo
* Alberto Estrella

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Nominee | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2011 | Califa de Oro | Best Telenovela of the Year | Emilio Larrosa | Won |
| 2012 | Premios TVyNovelas | Best Telenovela | | Nominated |
| | | Best Actress | | Anahí |
| | | Best Actor | | Sergio Goyri |
| | | Best Antagonist Actor | | Jorge Ortiz de Pinedo |
| | | Best Antagonist Actress | | Olivia Collins |
| | | Best Young Lead Actress | | Claudia Álvarez |
| | | Best Musical Theme | | "Rendirme En Tu Amor" by Anahí and Carlos Ponce |
| | | Best Original Story or Adaptation | | Emilio Larrosa
Ricardo Barona
Saúl Pérez Santana |
| | Premios Juventud | What a Hottie! | | Carlos Ponce |
| | Girl of my Dreams | Anahí | |
| | Best Theme Novelero | "Dividida" by Anahí | |
| | Kids' Choice Awards Mexico | Favorite Actress | | Anahí |
|

## InfoBox

| *Dos hogares* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre |  |
| Created by | Emilio Larrosa |
| Written by | * Emilio Larrosa * Ricardo Barona * Saúl Pérez Santana |
| Directed by | * Gerardo Gómez * Luis Monroy * Víctor Manuel Fouilloux * Armando Quiñones |
| Starring |  |
| Theme music composer | * Orlando Rodríguez * Diego Girón * Anahí |
| Opening theme | "Dividida" performed by Anahí |
| Ending theme |  |
| Country of origin | Mexico |
| Original language | Spanish |
| No. of episodes | 150 |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Emilio Larrosa |
| Producer | Arturo Pedraza L. |
| Production locations | **Filming**
Televisa San Ángel
Mexico City, Mexico
**Locations**
Mexico City, Mexico
Texas, United States |
| Editors | * Mauricio Cortés * Norma Ramírez * Rodrigo Morales * Víctor Quiroz |
| Camera setup | Multi-camera |
| Running time | 41-44 minutes |
| Production company | Televisa |
| Original release | |
| Network | Canal de las Estrellas |
| Release | June 27, 2011 (2011-06-27)
January 20, 2012 (2012-01-20) |


title: Piana degli Albanesi Cathedral

abstract: Piana degli Albanesi Cathedral, in full the Cathedral of Saint Demetrius the Great Martyr is a cathedral in Piana degli Albanesi, Palermo, Italy. It is the seat of the Eparchy of Piana degli Albanesi, part of the Byzantine Rite Italo-Albanian Catholic Church.

text:
# Piana degli Albanesi Cathedral

**Piana degli Albanesi Cathedral**, in full the **Cathedral of Saint Demetrius the Great Martyr** (Arbëreshë Albanian: *Kryeklisha e Shën Mitrit të Madhit Dëshmor*, or *Klisha e Madhe (The Grand Church*); Italian: *Cattedrale di Piana degli Albanesi, Cattedrale di San Demetrio Megalomartire*) is a cathedral in Piana degli Albanesi, Palermo, Italy. It is the seat of the Eparchy of Piana degli Albanesi, part of the Byzantine Rite Italo-Albanian Catholic Church.

37°59′47″N 13°17′07″E / 37.99626°N 13.28534°E / 37.99626; 13.28534

## InfoBox

| Piana degli Albanesi Cathedral | |
| --- | --- |
| Cathedral of Saint Demetrius the Great Martyr | |
| Cattedrale di Piana degli Albanesi | |
| Kryeklisha e Shën Mitrit të Madhit Dëshmor | |
|  | |
|  | |
| 37°59′47.076″N 13°17′1.68″E / 37.99641000°N 13.2838000°E / 37.99641000; 13.2838000 | |
| Location | Piana degli Albanesi |
| Country | Italy |
| Denomination | Italo-Albanian Catholic Church |
| Tradition | Byzantine Rite |
| History | |
| Consecrated | 1589 |
| Architecture | |
| Years built | 1491 |
| Completed | 1644 |
| Administration | |
| Province | Palermo |