abstract:
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, or Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, is a 1886 novella by Robert Louis Stevenson. This page lists Wikipedia articles using "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" or a very similar name, or links to the most closely related article for items using that name that do not have a Wikipedia article. For a fuller list of adaptations, including those using other names, see Adaptations of Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde may also refer to:
  - Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (character), a character in Robert Louis Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

text:
# Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (disambiguation)

***Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde***, or *Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde*, is a 1886 novella by Robert Louis Stevenson.

This page lists Wikipedia articles using "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" or a very similar name, or links to the most closely related article for items using that name that do not have a Wikipedia article. For a fuller list of adaptations, including those using other names, see Adaptations of *Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde*.

**Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde** may also refer to:

## Film

## Television

## Stage

## Music

### Songs

## Video games

## Other


title: Pick Pocket (1976 film)

abstract: Pick Pocket is a 1976 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by J. Sasikumar. The film stars Prem Nazir, Jayan, Adoor Bhasi and Sankaradi. The film's score was composed by M. K. Arjunan.

text:
# Pick Pocket (1976 film)

***Pick Pocket*** is a 1976 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by J. Sasikumar. The film stars Prem Nazir, Jayan, Adoor Bhasi and Sankaradi. The film's score was composed by M. K. Arjunan.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by M. K. Arjunan with lyrics by Pappanamkodu Lakshmanan.

| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics | Length (m:ss) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Bhoomikku Burmma Vakkum" | P. Jayachandran, Pattom Sadan | Pappanamkodu Lakshmanan |  |
| 2 | "Kanmunayil" | K. J. Yesudas | Pappanamkodu Lakshmanan |  |
| 3 | "Manushyaputhranmaare" | K. J. Yesudas | Pappanamkodu Lakshmanan |  |
| 4 | "Pazhanimalakkovilile" | P. Jayachandran, Chorus | Pappanamkodu Lakshmanan |  |
| 5 | "Swapnahaaramaninjethum" | P. Jayachandran, Vani Jairam | Pappanamkodu Lakshmanan |  |

## InfoBox

| Pick Pocket | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | J. Sasikumar |
| Written by | Pappanamkodu Lakshmanan |
| Screenplay by | Pappanamkodu Lakshmanan |
| Produced by | E.P Abraham |
| Starring | Prem Nazir
Jayan
Adoor Bhasi
Sankaradi |
| Edited by | V. P. Krishnan |
| Music by | M. K. Arjunan |
| Release date | * 29 October 1976 (1976-10-29) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Malayalam |


title: Pick Temple

abstract: Lafayette Parker "Pick" Temple was a cowboy folksinger who starred in The Pick Temple Giant Ranch television show from 1948 through 1961.

text:
# Pick Temple

**Lafayette Parker "Pick" Temple** (January 20, 1911 - December 21 1991) was a cowboy folksinger who starred in *The Pick Temple Giant Ranch* television show from 1948 through 1961.

## Early life and career

Temple was born and grew up in the Washington, D.C., area.

Prior to his career in show business, Temple had been employed as an economic statistician in the Business Division of the U.S. Census Bureau for 20 years.

He entered an amateur hour contest on WTTG in which he sang and won the competition. A television station executive saw his performance and asked if he could perform a children's cowboy show.

## The Pick Temple Giant Ranch TV show

His children’s show featured his guitar playing and singing, puppet shows, cartoons, his pony Piccolo, and Lady, his Collie canine. Viewers sent postcards to Pick, hoping he might pick them as “Lucky rangers” to appear as guests on his show, sitting in the studio’s hayloft. Pick's opening greeting, "Heidi, Pardner!" was a tip of the hat to the Heidi Bakery, which was the bakery affiliated with the grocery chain. Children wishing to participate in the various games had to wave their hands wildly and shout "Heidi, Please!". The show aired on WMAL-TV, seven days per week, in the Washington, D. C. area and was sponsored by a local grocery store chain, Giant Food of Landover, Maryland.

## Appearance on *The Rifleman*

Temple also appeared on ABC-TV’s weekly Western series, *The Rifleman*, starring Chuck Connors as Lucas McCain. In the episode, “Honest Abe” (November 20, 1961), a friend of Lucas’ who resembled Abraham Lincoln stopped at a saloon in North Fork, New Mexico (the town closest to McCain’s ranch), for a drink of water. Temple played a guitarist who sang "Jimmy Crack Corn" also known as "Blue-Tailed Fly," with the saloon’s patrons. The townspeople—except for Matt Yordy—play along with the Lincoln look-alike, who claims that he is the president. Yordy is looking for a fight, and Abe obliges him.

## Library of Congress music archives contributions

During the Great Depression, Temple rode the rails, listening to the melancholic folksongs of the day, some of which, in 1948, he recorded for the Library of Congress’ music archives.

## Post-television career

After *The Pick Temple Giant Ranch* was cancelled in 1962 due to financial expense, he moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to try out a similar show there. However, due to lack of success, Temple retired from television in 1963.

Temple returned to government service, working for the Office of Economic Opportunity’s Public Affairs Section and as an audio-visual expert, producing motivational films for Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA). He retired and moved to Sun City, Arizona, in 1972.

Temple died in 1991 at the age of 80. His survivors include his son Park, his daughter Faye, and four grandchildren.

## Sound recording


title: Phymonotus

abstract: Phymonotus jacintotopos, or San Jacinto shieldback, is a rare species of shieldback katydid endemic to the San Jacinto Mountains of southern California. It has a distinct red-and-black coloration not found in similar katydids.

text:
# Phymonotus

***Phymonotus jacintotopos***, or **San Jacinto shieldback**, is a rare species of shieldback katydid endemic to the San Jacinto Mountains of southern California. It has a distinct red-and-black coloration not found in similar katydids.

## Distribution and habitat

*Phymonotus jacintotopos* is endemic to the San Jacinto Mountains of southern California, the highest section of the Baja California Peninsular Ranges extending to the south. It inhabits high elevation mixed conifer forests consisting mainly of Jeffrey pine, Ponderosa pine, White fir, and California incense cedar, occurring above 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) elevation up to at least 3,000 metres (9,800 ft). It is reported as especially common near the community of Fern Valley on the western slopes of the mountain range.

## InfoBox

| San Jacinto shieldback | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| A male *Phymonotus jacintotopos* near Wellman Divide in the San Jacinto Mountains | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Ensifera |
| Family: | Tettigoniidae |
| Subfamily: | Tettigoniinae |
| Tribe: | Nedubini |
| Genus: | *Phymonotus*
Lightfoot, Weissman & Ueshima, 2011 |
| Species: | ***P. jacintotopos*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phymonotus jacintotopos***
Lightfoot, Weissman & Ueshima, 2011 | |
|


title: Down to the River / This Town

abstract: "Down to the River / This Town" are two songs on a double A-sided single by Feeder, released as the group's third and final single from their seventh album Renegades in 2010, while being their 31st single overall and their third double A-sided single after the 2008 release of "Tracing Lines / Silent Cry". Both tracks like the majority of the Renegades album, started off life as tracks first performed live under their Renegades side-project name, but were both only released commercially as Feeder tracks. "Down to the River" is the longest track on the Renegades album, running at 5 minutes and 23 seconds being edited down to 4 minutes for single release, while "This Town" has a running time of 2 minutes and 57 seconds. When "Down to the River" was first played live, setlists would list the song as "Down to the River" or simply "River" with Grant Nicholas introducing the song as "Down By the River". This confusion was further lengthened when the standard edition of Renegades listed the track as "Down By the River", while the special edition listed it as "Down to the River". Grant Nicholas later confirmed "Down to the River" as the correct title. This is also the first single to be released by the band to include an A-side track recorded not with their main drummer, as "Down to the River" features former Mexicolas drummer Tim Trotter while "This Town" features their then regular drummer Karl Brazil. Tim played drums on two of the album's tracks, with the other being "White Lines". On "Call Out", Trotter drums on the track "Fallen", which was however a B-side on that single. The single has no new tracks, meaning "Sending Out Waves" is the only new track to be released exclusively on any of the album's singles, as "Fallen", the b-side to "Call Out", was at first a free download to anybody who owned a copy of the Renegades second EP and also appears on the iTunes and Japanese versions of the album. Although there are indeed no new tracks on the vinyl itself, the vinyl sleeve was printed with a code, that if entered on a special section of the Feederweb website, allowed the user to download an instrumental version of "Fallen". This version unlike the one on the instrumentals promo CD, has no skips in it and have been corrected especially for this download release. The track was used as an instrumental during the 2010-2011 edition of Match of the Day, while the Premier League table was shown. The download was released to tie in with this. "Down to the River/This Town", could be seen as Feeder's most low-key single release as although promo CDs were made for airplay, the single included no new material making it more of a single for collectors, while there was no music video produced for the single, making it the first Feeder single release not to include one. The main reason for this was that the band were on tour before the single was released, therefore taking away their time to make one.

text:
# Down to the River / This Town

**"Down to the River / This Town"** are two songs on a double A-sided single by Feeder, released as the group's third and final single from their seventh album *Renegades* in 2010, while being their 31st single overall and their third double A-sided single after the 2008 release of "Tracing Lines / Silent Cry". Both tracks like the majority of the *Renegades* album, started off life as tracks first performed live under their Renegades side-project name, but were both only released commercially as Feeder tracks.

"Down to the River" is the longest track on the *Renegades* album, running at 5 minutes and 23 seconds being edited down to 4 minutes for single release, while "This Town" has a running time of 2 minutes and 57 seconds. When "Down to the River" was first played live, setlists would list the song as "Down to the River" or simply "River" with Grant Nicholas introducing the song as "Down By the River". This confusion was further lengthened when the standard edition of *Renegades* listed the track as "Down By the River", while the special edition listed it as "Down to the River". Grant Nicholas later confirmed "Down to the River" as the correct title.

This is also the first single to be released by the band to include an A-side track recorded not with their main drummer, as "Down to the River" features former Mexicolas drummer Tim Trotter while "This Town" features their then regular drummer Karl Brazil. Tim played drums on two of the album's tracks, with the other being "White Lines". On "Call Out", Trotter drums on the track "Fallen", which was however a B-side on that single.

The single has no new tracks, meaning "Sending Out Waves" is the only new track to be released exclusively on any of the album's singles, as "Fallen", the b-side to "Call Out", was at first a free download to anybody who owned a copy of the Renegades second EP and also appears on the iTunes and Japanese versions of the album. Although there are indeed no new tracks on the vinyl itself, the vinyl sleeve was printed with a code, that if entered on a special section of the Feederweb website, allowed the user to download an instrumental version of "Fallen". This version unlike the one on the instrumentals promo CD, has no skips in it and have been corrected especially for this download release. The track was used as an instrumental during the 2010-2011 edition of *Match of the Day*, while the Premier League table was shown. The download was released to tie in with this. "Down to the River/This Town", could be seen as Feeder's most low-key single release as although promo CDs were made for airplay, the single included no new material making it more of a single for collectors, while there was no music video produced for the single, making it the first Feeder single release not to include one. The main reason for this was that the band were on tour before the single was released, therefore taking away their time to make one.

## Track listing

### 7" vinyl

* "Down to the River" (radio edit) - 4:00
* "This Town" - 2:57

## InfoBox

| "Down to the River / This Town" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Feeder | |
| from the album  *Renegades* | |
| Released | 6 December 2010 |
| Recorded | 2010 |
| Genre | Alternative rock |
| Length | Down to the River: 4:00
This Town: 2:57 |
| Label | Big Teeth Music |
| Songwriter(s) | Grant Nicholas (both songs) |
| Producer(s) | Grant Nicholas |
| Feeder singles chronology | |
| "Renegades"
(2010) "**Down to the River / This Town**"
(2010) "Side By Side"
(2011) | |


title: Downtown Buda Historic District

abstract: Downtown Buda Historic District is a six-block historic commercial area located in Buda, Texas. The oldest building dates from 1881 when the town was created with the arrival of the International-Great Northern Railroad (I&GN). The town experienced moderate success for the next forty years, but the downtown area never grew beyond its track-side beginnings. Twenty-eight buildings contribute to the historic district, most date from the early 1900s, the most recent is from 1934. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in November 7, 2003 as an example of a late 19th to early 20th century railroad town.

text:
# Downtown Buda Historic District

**Downtown Buda Historic District** is a six-block historic commercial area located in Buda, Texas. The oldest building dates from 1881 when the town was created with the arrival of the International-Great Northern Railroad (I&GN). The town experienced moderate success for the next forty years, but the downtown area never grew beyond its track-side beginnings.

Twenty-eight buildings contribute to the historic district, most date from the early 1900s, the most recent is from 1934. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in November 7, 2003 as an example of a late 19th to early 20th century railroad town.

## Shaun Bonn

Media related to Downtown Buda Historic District at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Downtown Buda Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| Downtown Buda Historic District in 2012 | |
| Downtown Buda Historic DistrictDowntown Buda Historic District | |
| Location | Roughly bounded by Elm St., Main St., China St., and Austin St., Buda, Texas |
| Coordinates | 30°4′54″N 97°50′36″W / 30.08167°N 97.84333°W / 30.08167; -97.84333 (Downtown Buda Historic District) |
| Area | 15 acres (6.1 ha) |
| Built | 1881 (1881) |
| Built by | Dave Garison, Thomas Howe |
| Architectural style | Early Commercial, Bungalow/Craftsman |
| NRHP reference No. | 03001126 |
| Added to NRHP | November 7, 2003 |


title: Downtown Butler Historic District

abstract: Downtown Butler Historic District is a national historic district located at Butler, DeKalb County, Indiana. The district encompasses 30 contributing buildings in the central business district of Butler. The district developed between about 1860 and 1950, and includes notable examples of Italianate and Early Commercial style architecture. Notable buildings include the Butler Carnegie Library (1916), Marshall Clothing Company, Old Dimestore (1863), First National Bank Building (1913), Butler Hotel (1914), Oberlin Building (1907), Towne Hardware / Broadway Cafe Buildings (1880s), Thompson Block (1903), and Mutzfeld Building (1912). It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

text:
# Downtown Butler Historic District

**Downtown Butler Historic District** is a national historic district located at Butler, DeKalb County, Indiana. The district encompasses 30 contributing buildings in the central business district of Butler. The district developed between about 1860 and 1950, and includes notable examples of Italianate and Early Commercial style architecture. Notable buildings include the Butler Carnegie Library (1916), Marshall Clothing Company, Old Dimestore (1863), First National Bank Building (1913), Butler Hotel (1914), Oberlin Building (1907), Towne Hardware / Broadway Cafe Buildings (1880s), Thompson Block (1903), and Mutzfeld Building (1912).

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Downtown Butler Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| Butler Masonic Lodge, HABS Photo, 1983 | |
|  | |
| Location | Roughly 100 & 200 Blocks of South Broadway, Butler, Indiana |
| Coordinates | 41°25′45″N 84°52′18″W / 41.42917°N 84.87167°W / 41.42917; -84.87167 |
| Area | 5.3 acres (2.1 ha) |
| Architectural style | Italianate, Early Commercial |
| NRHP reference No. | 01001347 |
| Added to NRHP | December 7, 2001 |


title: Downtown Burlington Historic District

abstract:
Downtown Burlington Historic District is a national historic district located at Burlington, Alamance County, North Carolina, United States. It encompasses 40 contributing buildings in the central business district of Burlington, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. The district includes commercial, industrial, and transportation-related buildings. The majority of the buildings are one to three-story brick commercial buildings dating to the mid-19th and early-20th centuries. Among the buildings located in the district are:
  - Alamance Hotel
  - Atlantic Bank and Trust Company Building
  - Efird Building
  - Southern Railway Passenger Station
  - United States Post Office Other notable buildings include the former May Hosiery Mill, C. F. Neese Jewelers Building (1887), Strader Building (1913–1918), McClellan Stores Building, Troxler-Cammack Building (1908), and Morris Plan Bank Building.

text:
# Downtown Burlington Historic District

**Downtown Burlington Historic District** is a national historic district located at Burlington, Alamance County, North Carolina, United States. It encompasses 40 contributing buildings in the central business district of Burlington, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

The district includes commercial, industrial, and transportation-related buildings. The majority of the buildings are one to three-story brick commercial buildings dating to the mid-19th and early-20th centuries. Among the buildings located in the district are:

Other notable buildings include the former May Hosiery Mill, C. F. Neese Jewelers Building (1887), Strader Building (1913–1918), McClellan Stores Building (c. 1895), Troxler-Cammack Building (1908), and Morris Plan Bank Building (c. 1930).

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Downtown Burlington Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| Main Street, with the Atlantic B&T Building at left | |
|  | |
| Location | Roughly bounded by Morehead, S. Main, Davis, S. Worth, E. Webb and Spring Sts., Burlington, North Carolina |
| Coordinates | 36°05′33″N 79°26′18″W / 36.09250°N 79.43833°W / 36.09250; -79.43833 |
| Area | 11 acres (4.5 ha) |
| Built | 1892 (1892) |
| Architect | Charles Hartmann |
| Architectural style | Classical Revival, Art Deco |
| NRHP reference No. | 90001320 |
| Added to NRHP | September 6, 1990 |


title: Dpkg

abstract: dpkg is the software at the base of the package management system in the free operating system Debian and its numerous derivatives. dpkg is used to install, remove, and provide information about.deb packages. dpkg itself is a low-level tool. APT, a higher-level tool, is more commonly used than dpkg as it can fetch packages from remote locations and deal with complex package relations, such as dependency resolution. Frontends for APT, like aptitude (ncurses) and synaptic (GTK), are used for their friendlier interfaces. The Debian package "dpkg" provides the dpkg program, as well as several other programs necessary for run-time functioning of the packaging system, including dpkg-deb, dpkg-split, dpkg-query, dpkg-statoverride, dpkg-divert and dpkg-trigger. It also includes the programs such as update-alternatives and start-stop-daemon. The install-info program used to be included as well, but was later removed as it is now developed and distributed separately. The Debian package "dpkg-dev" includes the numerous build tools described below.

text:
# Dpkg

**dpkg** is the software at the base of the package management system in the free operating system Debian and its numerous derivatives. `dpkg` is used to install, remove, and provide information about .deb packages.

`dpkg` (Debian Package) itself is a low-level tool. APT (Advanced Package Tool), a higher-level tool, is more commonly used than `dpkg` as it can fetch packages from remote locations and deal with complex package relations, such as dependency resolution. Frontends for APT, like aptitude (ncurses) and synaptic (GTK), are used for their friendlier interfaces.

The Debian package "dpkg" provides the `dpkg` program, as well as several other programs necessary for run-time functioning of the packaging system, including `dpkg-deb`, `dpkg-split`, `dpkg-query`, `dpkg-statoverride`, `dpkg-divert` and `dpkg-trigger`. It also includes the programs such as `update-alternatives` and `start-stop-daemon`. The `install-info` program used to be included as well, but was later removed as it is now developed and distributed separately. The Debian package "dpkg-dev" includes the numerous build tools described below.

## History

The first attempt at a package management system for Linux was possibly the development of StopAlop by Greg Wettstein at the Roger Maris Cancer Center in Fargo, North Dakota. It provided inspiration for the creation of dpkg. dpkg was originally created by Ian Murdock in January 1994 as a Shell script. Matt Welsh, Carl Streeter and Ian Murdock then rewrote it in Perl, and then later the main part was rewritten in  by Ian Jackson in 1994. The name *dpkg* was originally a shortening of "Debian package", but the meaning of that phrase has evolved significantly, as dpkg the software is orthogonal to the deb package format as well as the Debian Policy Manual which defines how Debian packages behave in Debian.

## Example use

To install a .deb package:

```
dpkg -i *filename.deb*
```

where *filename.deb* is the name of the Debian package (such as **pkgname\_0.00-1\_amd64.deb**).

The list of installed packages can be obtained with:

```
dpkg -l *[optional pattern]*
```

To remove an installed package:

```
dpkg -r *packagename*
```

## Development tools

dpkg-dev contains a series of development tools required to unpack, build and upload Debian source packages. These include:

* **dpkg-source** packs and unpacks the source files of a Debian package.
* **dpkg-gencontrol** reads the information from an unpacked Debian tree source and generates a binary package control package, creating an entry for this in Debian/files.
* **dpkg-shlibdeps** calculates the dependencies of runs with respect to libraries.
* **dpkg-genchanges** reads the information from an unpacked Debian tree source that once constructed creates a control file (.changes).
* **dpkg-buildpackage** is a control script that can be used to construct the package automatically.
* **dpkg-distaddfile** adds a file input to debian/files.
* **dpkg-parsechangelog** reads the changes file (changelog) of an unpacked Debian tree source and creates a conveniently prepared output with the information for those changes.

## Database

The dpkg database is located under`/var/lib/dpkg`; the "status" file contains the list of installed software on the current system. There is no information about repositories in this database.

## wpkg packager for Windows

**wpkg** was created as a dpkg look-alike that would run under the Microsoft Windows operating system. It subsequently evolved to include functionality similar to parts of the APT suite, improved repository management, distribution management and was ported to Linux and Unix-like systems, including Cygwin, Mingw32, macOS, OpenSolaris and FreeBSD. It retains .deb file format compatibility and is supplied with the ready-to-use executable **wpkg.exe**. As of March 2024, the most recent release of the software was in 2015.

## InfoBox

dpkg
| Original author(s) | Ian Murdock |
| --- | --- |
| Developer(s) | The Debian Project |
| Initial release | January 1994 (1994-01) |
|  | |
| Stable release | 1.21.22  / 24 May 2023 |
| Preview release | 1.22.7  / 17 July 2024 |
|  | |
| Repository |  |
| Written in | , C++, Perl |
| Operating system | Unix-like |
| Available in | 42 languages |
| Type | Package manager |
| License | GPLv2 |
| Website | wiki.debian.org/Teams/Dpkg |


title: Douglas Melamed

abstract: Arthur Douglas Melamed is an American legal scholar specializing in antitrust law. Since 2014, Melamed has been a professor, first, visiting and then professor of the practice, at Stanford Law School. He was previously Senior Vice President and General Counsel at Intel Corporation as well as the chair of the Antitrust and Competition Practice Group at the law firm of WilmerHale.

text:
# Douglas Melamed

**Arthur Douglas Melamed** (born December 3, 1945) is an American legal scholar specializing in antitrust law. Since 2014, Melamed has been a professor, first, visiting and then professor of the practice, at Stanford Law School. He was previously Senior Vice President and General Counsel at Intel Corporation as well as the chair of the Antitrust and Competition Practice Group at the law firm of WilmerHale.

## Early life and academics

Arthur Douglas Melamed was born on December 3, 1945, to Arthur C. Melamed and Helen Melamed in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Melamed graduated from Yale University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1967, then from Harvard Law School with a Juris Doctor degree in 1970, where he was an editor on the *Harvard Law Review*.

## Career

After law school, he clerked for one year with Judge Charles M. Merrill on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. By co-authoring a law review article on the different types of property rights accorded by tort rules and property rules in *Property Rules, Liability Rules and Inalienability: One View of the Cathedral* with Guido Calabresi, he became well-known in the field of law and economics for his views on the natural evolution of property rights. He served in the Justice Department's antitrust division under Joel Klein and was later Acting Assistant Attorney General during the Clinton Administration. He then began working as the chair of the Antitrust and Competition Practice Group at the law firm of WilmerHale. From 2009 to 2014, Melamed was the Senior Vice President and General Counsel of Intel Corporation; there, he oversaw Intel’s legal, corporate affairs, and government affairs departments. In 2014, he became, and still is, a professor at Stanford Law School.

## Publicity

Throughout his career, Melamed has been interviewed by the media, mainly about antitrust law. In 2015, Corporate Counsel covered a story on Melamed titled '"The Michael Jordan" of Law now Focuses on Teaching'. From May 2019 to June 2019, in particular, Melamed was interviewed by a variety of news outlets, including CNBC, as some antirust academics, regulators, and members of the public became concerned by the threat to competition that large tech platforms may pose.


title: Dragan Dragić

abstract: Dragan Dragić is a politician in Serbia. He served in the Assembly of Vojvodina from 2016 to 2020 as a member of the Serbian Progressive Party.

text:
# Dragan Dragić

**Dragan Dragić** (Serbian Cyrillic: Драган Драгић; born 1980) is a politician in Serbia. He served in the Assembly of Vojvodina from 2016 to 2020 as a member of the Serbian Progressive Party.

## Private career

Dragić is an agricultural technician. He lives in Kovin.

## Politician

In September 2015, Dragić was appointed as an assistant to the mayor of Kovin with responsibility for economy, communal infrastructure, and urban affairs. He remained in this role until his election to the provincial assembly the following year.

Dragić was given the thirty-sixth position on the Progressive Party's electoral list in the 2016 Vojvodina provincial election and was elected when the list won a majority victory with sixty-three out of 120 mandates. He served in the assembly for the next four years and did not seek re-election in 2020.


title: Downtown Springfield Railroad District

abstract: The Downtown Springfield Railroad District is a historic district encompassing a group of early 20th century railroad-related buildings in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA. They are in an area roughly bounded by Lyman, Main, Dwight and Frank B. Murray Streets. The district includes the Union Station, the old freight house, commercial warehouses and a retaining wall and bridge designed in part by H. H. Richardson. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

text:
# Downtown Springfield Railroad District

The **Downtown Springfield Railroad District** is a historic district encompassing a group of early 20th century railroad-related buildings in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA. They are in an area roughly bounded by Lyman, Main, Dwight and Frank B. Murray Streets. The district includes the Union Station, the old freight house, commercial warehouses and a retaining wall and bridge designed in part by H. H. Richardson. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

## Description and history

Springfield was from an early date a significant transportation crossroads, with traffic on the north-south Connecticut River and the east-west Boston Post Road as major transportation routes. With the arrival of railroads in the 1830s, the city became a major transit point for freight moved on railroads along similar routes. Its early train stations were located at the northern end of downtown, on the west side of Main Street near the main rail junction. A major former freight house, built in 1875, is located north of the tracks and east of Main Street. In 1889, the grade-level crossing of Main Street was replaced by a stone arch bridge. It and the stone embankment wall on the north side of Lyman Street were designed by H. H. Richardson. This change was accompanied by the construction of new stations on the east side of Main Street, which were consolidated into the single large Union Station in 1924. That building, vacant for many years, underwent rehabilitation in 2016-17 and again is a transportation hub.

Adjacent to Union Station stood the Hotel Charles, at 11 stories a major landmark. It was demolished in 1997 after a fire gutted its interior. Across the tracks from Union Station, the south side of Lyman Street was lined by a series of freight warehouses, all of brick construction, and varying in height and style. A number of these still survive, but some have been demolished since the National Register listing.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Downtown Springfield Railroad District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| Union Station | |
|  | |
| Location | Springfield, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 42°6′31″N 72°35′25″W / 42.10861°N 72.59028°W / 42.10861; -72.59028 |
| Built | 1875 |
| MPS | Downtown Springfield MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 83000745 |
| Added to NRHP | May 27, 1983 |


title: Doug McKenzie (magician)

abstract: Doug McKenzie is a magician, mentalist, magic consultant, and magic television producer based in New York City. His brand of magic - "Magic2.0" - merges traditional sleight of hand techniques with technology, using phones, robots, and artificial intelligence. Doug has been profiled on CNN by Laurie Segall in a segment titled "Magician or Hacker?"

text:
# Doug McKenzie (magician)

**Doug McKenzie** (born 19 June 1980 in Stirling, Scotland) is a magician, mentalist, magic consultant, and magic television producer based in New York City. His brand of magic \- "Magic2.0" - merges traditional sleight of hand techniques with technology, using phones, robots, and artificial intelligence. Doug has been profiled on CNN by Laurie Segall in a segment titled "Magician or Hacker?"

## Performances

* In 2006, he stole former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani's watch from his wrist in clear view of his 6-person security detail. The Mickey Mantle collector's watch was later auctioned back to Mayor Giuliani to raise money for charity. McKenzie was also able to steal musician John Mayer's watch.
* In 2010, McKenzie made an appearance on the *Comical Radio* show. In the show, McKenzie changed George Washington's face on a one-dollar bill to that of the show's host, Danny Lobell.
* In 2011, McKenzie was asked to perform for some of the top NBA stars before their pickup game in Baltimore. A short segment of the performance was filmed with LeBron James, Carmelo Anthony, and Chris Paul. The YouTube video of the performance received over 50,000 hits in its first week.
* In 2011, McKenzie made an appearance on the Australian television show Hamish and Andy's Gap Year. In the show, he successfully helped Hamish Blake gain membership to the Magic Castle in LA.

## Volunteer work

In January 2009, McKenzie became the Magic Director for the Conjuring Arts Research Center's Hocus Pocus Project. The project teaches magic to disadvantaged youth and adults. HPP is not magic entertainment, but magic education. The goal of the program is to empower participants by introducing them to fun and accessible magic effects that, with some effort, they will master and be able to share in other settings. As of 2011, the project runs in a Juvenile Detention Center and a number of hospitals (both adult and children) in the New York City area with plans to expand its footprint nationwide.

## Product releases

Doug McKenzie has released three of his effects for other magicians to learn:

* Phoneomenon – A prediction appears on a stranger's cell phone in a number of ways. Featured both in Marco Tempest and David Blaine's television specials and a Nokia mobile phone commercial.
* The Juan Hundred Dollar Bill Switch – A $1 bill visibly transforms into a $100 bill.
* Flicker – A coin production with seemly empty hands

## Television credits

## InfoBox

| Doug McKenzie | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 19 June 1980 (1980-06-19) (age 44)<br>Stirling, Scotland |
| Occupation(s) | Magician, mentalist, magic consultant, TV producer |
| Website | dougmckenzie.com |


title: Physospermum

abstract:
Physospermum is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae. Its native range is Europe to Iran, Algeria. Species:
  - Physospermum cornubiense (L.) DC.
  - Physospermum verticillatum Vis.

text:
# Physospermum

***Physospermum*** is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae.

Its native range is Europe to Iran, Algeria.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Physospermum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Apiales |
| Family: | Apiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Apioideae |
| Tribe: | Pleurospermeae |
| Genus: | *Physospermum*<br>Cusson |
|


title: Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy

abstract: Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy was a Dutch politician and jurist who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 3 September 1940 until 25 June 1945. He oversaw the government-in-exile based in London under Queen Wilhelmina during the German occupation of the Netherlands. He was a member of the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP).

text:
# Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy

**Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy** (born **Pieter Gerbrandij**; 13 April 1885 – 7 September 1961) was a Dutch politician and jurist who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 3 September 1940 until 25 June 1945. He oversaw the government-in-exile based in London under Queen Wilhelmina during the German occupation of the Netherlands. He was a member of the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP).

## Early life

Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy was born on 13 April 1885 in the village of Goënga, near Sneek, in the province of Friesland. He was an ethnic Frisian, and his name is styled in the traditional Frisian way: first name ("Pieter"), patronymic ("Sjoerds", meaning "son of Sjoerd"), family name (Gerbrandy). Incidentally, the name Gerbrandy is also a patronymic since his great-great-grandfather Jouke Gerbrens (17691840) took "Gerbrandy" as a family name on 30 December 1811.

Pieter applied to Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in June 1904 and majored in law. He would obtain a doctorate in law in January 1911 and proceeded to work as a lawyer and prosecutor from 1911 to 1920.

## Early political career

Gerbrandy was a member of the Municipal Council of Sneek from April 1916 to January 1930, the Provincial Council of Friesland from July 1919 to August 1920 and the Provincial Executive of Friesland from August 1920 to January 1930.

From 1920 to 1930, he was a member of the Provincial Council of Friesland for the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP). He also served as Minister of Justice in 1939 against his party's wishes.

## World War II

The German victory at the Battle of the Netherlands in 1940 made the Dutch royal family and many leading politicians flee to London and form a government-in-exile. With Dirk Jan de Geer's resignation the same year, Queen Wilhelmina appointed Gerbrandy as prime minister of the Dutch government-in-exile. He also served as Minister of Justice and Minister of Colonial Affairs.

## Postwar

After the liberation of the southern Netherlands in 1945, Gerbrandy formed a new cabinet, but he resigned after the total liberation of the country. He opposed the government's Indonesian policy and from 1946 to 1950 chaired the National Committee for the Maintenance of the Kingdom's Unity, which opposed Indonesian independence and advocated for the Republic of South Maluku.

In 1950, Gerbrandy published *Indonesia*, which offered an explanation of the history of the relationship between the Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) from the 1600s to 1948, which included "The Indies under Dutch rule", "The Rule of Law", "The Japanese Occupation", and "Chaos", with each section outlining Gerbrandy's observations.

In 1948, Gerbrandy returned as a member of the Dutch Parliament, but his hot temper alienated members of his party. In 1956, he was made member of a commission that investigated the affair surrounding Greet Hofmans. Three years later, Gerbrandy resigned as a Member of Parliament.

## Personal life

On 18 May 1911, Gerbrandy married Hendrina Elisabeth Sikkel (26 February 1886 – 4 May 1980). Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy died on 7 September 1961 in The Hague, at the age of 76.

## Decorations

| **Honours** | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ribbon bar | Honour | Country | Date | Comment |
|  | Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion | Netherlands | 6 May 1946 | Elevated from Knight (28 August 1930) |
|  | Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau | Netherlands | 5 April 1955 |  |
|  | Grand Cross of the Order of Adolphe of Nassau | Luxembourg |  |  |
|  | Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire | United Kingdom |  |  |
| **Honorific titles** | | | | |
| Ribbon bar | Honour | Country | Date | Comment |
|  | Minister of State | Netherlands | 5 April 1955 | Style of Excellency |

Official

## InfoBox

| His ExcellencyPieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy | |
| --- | --- |
| Gerbrandy in 1941 | |
|  | |
| Prime Minister of the Netherlands | |
| **In office**
3 September 1940  25 June 1945 | |
| Monarch | Wilhelmina |
| Deputy | Hendrik van Boeijen
*(de facto)* |
| Preceded by | Dirk Jan de Geer |
| Succeeded by | Willem Schermerhorn |
| Member of the House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
23 October 1956  20 March 1959 | |
| **In office**
27 July 1948  3 July 1956 | |
| Minister of Colonial Affairs | |
| **In office**
17 November 1941  21 May 1942 | |
| Prime Minister | *Himself* |
| Preceded by | Charles Welter |
| Succeeded by | Hubertus van Mook |
| Minister of Justice | |
| **In office**
23 February 1945  25 June 1945 | |
| Prime Minister | *Himself* |
| Preceded by | Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart |
| Succeeded by | Hans Kolfschoten |
| **In office**
10 August 1939  21 February 1942 | |
| Prime Minister | Dirk Jan de Geer
(1939–1940)
*Himself*
(1940–1942) |
| Preceded by | Johan de Visser |
| Succeeded by | Jan van Angeren |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Pieter Gerbrandij
(1885-04-13)13 April 1885
Goënga, Netherlands |
| Died | 7 September 1961(1961-09-07) (aged 76)
The Hague, Netherlands |
| Political party | Anti-Revolutionary Party |
| Spouse | Hendrina Elisabeth Sikkel  (m. 1911) |
| Children | 2 sons and 1 daughter |
| Alma mater | Free University Amsterdam |
|  | |
|  | |


title: The Incarnations

abstract: The Incarnations is a 2014 British novel by Susan Barker. The novel was originally published by Doubleday in 2014 before being released in North America in 2015. Set in Beijing the novel focuses on a taxi driver, Wang Jun, who begins receiving ominous letters from someone claiming to be his re-incarnated soulmate who has known him over six previous incarnations. According to Barker she spent six years completing the novel which was written as she lived in Beijing, Seoul, Colorado, Boston, Leeds, Washington DC, London and Shenzhen.

text:
# The Incarnations

***The Incarnations*** is a 2014 British novel by Susan Barker. The novel was originally published by Doubleday in 2014 before being released in North America in 2015. Set in Beijing the novel focuses on a taxi driver, Wang Jun, who begins receiving ominous letters from someone claiming to be his re-incarnated soulmate who has known him over six previous incarnations.

According to Barker she spent six years completing the novel which was written as she lived in Beijing, Seoul, Colorado, Boston, Leeds, Washington DC, London and Shenzhen.

## Plot

Wang Jun is a taxi driver in his early thirties working in Beijing. He finds a letter in his cab informing him that his soulmate has found him again. Wang finds the letter frightening, especially as it mentions details of his personal life, the location of his apartment, and that the writer has ridden in his cab, but when he takes the letter to the police they tell him they can do nothing.

Jun continues to find letters in his cab with the mysterious writer telling him that they have met before in previous incarnations. The letter writer informs Jun that they are dedicated to being his biographer and begins to include detailed stories about Jun's previous lives. Each letter takes places in a different historical time period and they frequently involve violence, same-sex relationships and betrayal.

The letters cause Jun to reflect on his past. His mother, Li Shuxiang was deeply mentally ill and eventually died of drowning by swimming in a polluted river. Jun was hospitalized during university when he had a nervous breakdown and started showing symptoms similar to his mother. While there he met Zeng Yan, the first openly gay man Jun had ever met. The two later became lovers. When Jun runs into Zeng again after ten years he immediately begins to suspect that Zeng is the one sending him letters though Zeng denies it. Despite his own suspicions Jun lapses into an affair with Zeng once more.

Images of Zeng and Jun together are sent to Jun's wife, Yida, and causes the two to separate for a time. The separation causes Jun's step-mother, Ling Hong, to tell Jun that his wealthy family will hire lawyers to ensure he will get sole custody of his daughter Echo. Realizing that Ling Hong want to send his invalid father away and then play at being a family with Jun, who she has tried to seduce before, and his daughter, Jun fights with his step-mother. During their fight Ling Hong reveals that Li Shuxiang actually lived years beyond what Jun was told though she eventually died after returning to her hometown. Betrayed and angry Jun cuts both his father and step-mother out of his life for good.

Echo and Yida are nearly killed after an electrical fire starts in their apartment. Jun suspects that Zeng caused the fire.

The final letter is set in 1966 and tells the story of Yi Moon, the teenage daughter of a political dissident who has an affair with Zhang Liya, a well-connected and privileged member of the communists. When the revolutionists turn on Liya, Moon helps to betray and later, to atone for what she has done, helps Li commit suicide and then attempts suicide herself. However she survives and reveals that in her attempts to survive she swapped identities with a woman named Li Shuxiang, revealing that she is Jun's mother.

Before he can read the final letter Jun dies in a car accident with Zeng, which some suspect to be suicide. At the wake Li Shuxiang appears, though the only one who recognizes her is Jun's invalid father who is unable to communicate who she is. Li Shuxiang gives the final letter to Echo but also tells Echo that she is also an incarnation revealing that she believes that Echo is a cruel villain who has plagued Jun and Li Shuxiang in all of their previous lives.

## Characters

* *Wang Jun* – a thirty year old taxi driver who is married with a child
* *Wang Hu –* Jun's father with whom he had a difficult and contentious relationship before his stroke left him partially paralyzed
* *Ling Hong –* Jun's step-mother who is only nine years older than him and with whom Jun had an emotional affair when he was 18
* *Yida –* Jun's provincial wife who works at a massage parlour
* *Echo –* Jun and Yida's daughter who is eight years old and loves comics

## Reception

The novel received positive reviews. *The New York Times* called it "a work of considerable, if unnerving, importance." It was a finalist for the 2015 Kirkus Prize and *Kirkus Reviews* called it "a deeply human masterpiece." *The Guardian* praised it as a "wonderful book".

## Awards

| Year | Award | Category | Result | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | Jerwood Fiction Uncovered Prize |  | Won |  |
| | Kirkus Prize | Fiction | Shortlisted |  |
| 2016 | International Dublin Literary Award |  | Longlisted |  |

## InfoBox

The Incarnations
| Author | Susan Barker |
| --- | --- |
| Audio read by | Timo Chen
Joy Osmanski |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Literary fiction |
| Set in | Beijing, China |
| Publisher | Doubleday |
| Publication date | 3 July 2014 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print, ebook, audiobook |
| Pages | 384 pp |
| ISBN | 9780857522573
(hardcover 1st ed.) |
| OCLC | 885020345 |
| Preceded by | *The Orientalist and the Ghost* |


title: Sot, Šid

abstract: Sot is a village located in Syrmia, Vojvodina, Serbia. It is situated in the Šid municipality, in the Syrmia District. The village is ethnically mixed and its population numbering 791 people.

text:
# Sot, Šid

**Sot** (Serbian Cyrillic: Сот) is a village located in Syrmia, Vojvodina, Serbia. It is situated in the Šid municipality, in the Syrmia District. The village is ethnically mixed and its population numbering 791 people (2002 census).

## Ethnic groups (2002 census)

The population of the village include:

## Historical population

* 1961: 1,272
* 1971: 1,077
* 1981: 900
* 1991: 819
* 2002: 791

* Slobodan Ćurčić, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 1996.

45°10′N 19°19′E / 45.167°N 19.317°E / 45.167; 19.317

## InfoBox

| Sot Сот (Serbian) | |
| --- | --- |
| Village (Selo) | |
|  | |
| SotSotSot | |
| Coordinates: 45°10′N 19°19′E / 45.167°N 19.317°E / 45.167; 19.317 | |
| Country | Serbia |
| Province | Vojvodina |
| Region | Syrmia |
| District | Srem |
| Municipality | Šid |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 791 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Robin Kankapankatja

abstract: Kunmanara Tjilpi Kankapankatja, Robin Kankapankatja, was an Australian Aboriginal artist. He worked for most of his life as a labourer and conservationist. He is the manager and senior traditional owner of Walalkara, a homeland and Indigenous protected area on the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands. He began work as an artist in 2004, aged in his 70s. His artworks are now held in several major galleries in Australia.

text:
# Robin Kankapankatja

**Kunmanara Tjilpi Kankapankatja** (c.1930 – January 2013), **Robin Kankapankatja**, was an Australian Aboriginal artist. He worked for most of his life as a labourer and conservationist. He is the manager and senior traditional owner of Walalkara, a homeland and Indigenous protected area on the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands. He began work as an artist in 2004, aged in his 70s. His artworks are now held in several major galleries in Australia.

## Biography

Robin Kankapankatja was born at Walalkara, a place in the Great Victoria Desert near Kaltjiti, South Australia. His father was Pitjantjatjara from the land west of Watarru; his mother was Yankunytjatjara from Makiri, northwest of Walalkara. Robin grew up living a traditional, nomadic life in the area around Kaltjiti. The first time he saw a whitefella was when he was a young teenager. As a young man, he worked on the cattle stations at Welbourne Hill and Everard Park.

When he was much older, Robin moved back to Walalkara and set up an outstation for his family on his homelands. He lived there with his wife, Tyayangka, and his children. Kankapankatja was the senior traditional owner (**nguraṟitja**) of Walalkara. The people that lived on this outstation were all part of his family. They were the land managers of Walalkara Indigenous Protected Area, a federally protected reserve created from an agreement between the Robin family and the Australian government. It covers 700,000 hectares (7,000 km2) of the Great Victoria Desert. Until 2008, Kankapankatja and his wife Tyayangka worked as rangers of the reserve. When they retired, their children took over its management. Robin Kankapankatja died in January 2013.

## Artwork

Robin began working as an artist in July 2004, while he was at home recovering from surgery. His paintings and drawings are about Walalkara. They depict the landscape, animals, and spiritual Dreaming stories associated with it. He is also known for carving traditional tools, such as boomerangs, spears, spear-throwers and shields.

From 2006, Robin's work has been shown in many exhibitions alongside other Kaltjiti artists. In 2007, he was featured at the Mossenson Galleries in Collingwood, Victoria. His work was featured as part of the annual *Desert Mob* exhibition in Alice Springs, in 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009. It was also exhibited in Adelaide at the Flinders University City Gallery in 2009, and the South Australian Museum in 2010.

In 2012, the Cross Cultural Art Exchange in Darwin held a solo exhibition of Robin's work. The exhibition was called **Nyangatja ngayuku aṟa irititja*: this is my life from long ago*. It showcased a series of drawings that depict Robin's memories from growing up in the bush, and the legendary journeys of his ancestors. In the same year, his work was also shown at the annual *Our Mob* exhibition in Adelaide, at an exhibition of Kaltjiti Arts in the Darwin Aboriginal Art Fair, and in Germany, in an exhibition at the ArtKelch gallery in Freiburg im Breisgau.

Examples of Robin's work are held in the collections of the Araluen Arts Centre, Flinders University, and the National Gallery of Australia. Others are held in the national Artbank collection, and several private collections, such as the Gallery Gabrielle Pizzi in Melbourne.

## InfoBox

| Robin Kankapankatja | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Kunmanara Tjilpi Kankapankatja
c.1930
Walalkara, near
Kaltjiti, South Australia |
| Died | January 2013 |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Occupation | Artist |
| Years active | 2004–2013 |
| Organization | Kaltjiti Arts |
| Style | Western Desert art |
| Spouse | Tjayangka Antjala Robin |


title: Beer in the Caribbean

abstract:
The beers of the Caribbean are unique to each island in the region, although many are variants of the same style. Each island generally brews its own unique pale lager, the occasional stout, and often a non-alcoholic malta beverage. Contract-brewing of international beers is also common, with Heineken Pilsener and Guinness Foreign Extra Stout being the most popular.
The beers vary between the islands to suit the taste and the brewing method used.

text:
# Beer in the Caribbean

The **beers of the Caribbean** are unique to each island in the region, although many are variants of the same style. Each island generally brews its own unique pale lager, the occasional stout, and often a non-alcoholic malta beverage. Contract-brewing of international beers is also common, with Heineken Pilsener and Guinness Foreign Extra Stout being the most popular. The beers vary between the islands to suit the taste and the brewing method used.

## Antigua and Barbuda

The national beer of Antigua is Wadadli beer, an alternative name for the island itself. It is now brewed by the St Vincent Brewery. It was previously brewed by Antigua Brewery, which also brewed international beer and soft drinks under license.

## Aruba

Aruba is home to Brouwerij Nacional Balashi. The brewery produces a line-up of four distinctive beers, each inspired and influenced in one way or another by Aruba's heritage and way of life. Balashi the flagship brand is an all-malt pilsner with a 5% ABV. First brewed in 1999, Balashi has won two awards from the Monde Selection in Brussels, the gold medal in 2001 as well as the Grand Gold in 2004. Chill is a pale lager with a 5% ABV and is gluten free. First brewed in 2011, Chill is a popular beer on the island because of its easy drinkability. And finally, HopiBon a premium lager with a 5% ABV made exclusively with premium hops from Germany and HopiStout a Caribbean Style Stout with a 7.4% ABV.

## Bahamas

Kalik beer, a golden lager, is the national beer of The Bahamas, controlling over 50% of the beer market in the country. Winner of three consecutive Gold Medals from Monde Selection, it is also stronger than most Caribbean lagers, at 7%ABV. Its brewer, Commonwealth Brewing Ltd, also brews Kalik Light and Kalik Regular, two lagers lighter than the original. In 2007 Sands Beer based out of Freeport, Grand Bahama entered the market with its signature Lager "Sands" it also launched beers called High Rock named after a town in Eastern Grand Bahama, and a dark stout called Strong Back.

## Barbados

Barbados is home to the Banks Barbados Brewery, which brews Banks Beer, a pale lager, as well as Banks Amber Ale. Banks also brews Tiger Malt, a non-alcoholic malted beverage.

There is a separate Banks beer company in Guyana, Banks DIH, and the two breweries merged in 2005 with the intention to market their beer internationally.

10 Saints beer is brewed in Speightstown, St. Peter in Barbados and aged for 90 days in Mount Gay 'Special Reserve' Rum casks. It was first brewed in 2009 and is available in certain Caricom nations.

In 2014, a microbrewery called The Brew House was founded in Christ Church.

## Cayman Islands

Grand Cayman - Following a $10m investment programme, The Cayman Islands Brewery was launched in 2007.

## Cuba

There are four major brands found in Cuba and sold mainly on resorts and tourists:

* Cristal
* Bucanero - joint venture with Labatts
* Mayabe
* Hatuey

Tinima and Bruja are local brands consumed by locals.

## Dominica

The national beer of Dominica is Kubuli, an amber-colored lager which won the Monde Selection Gold Medal in 2002.

## Dominican Republic

Brands represented in the Dominican Republic include Presidente, Presidente Black and Presidente Light, Bohemia Especial, La Benedicta, The One and Quisqueya.

## Grenada

The West Indies Beer Company is a craft brewery located in L'Anse Aux Epines that was founded in September 2014.

## Haiti

Prestige is the name for a brand of American-style lager produced by Brasserie Nationale d'Haïti in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. It is the best-selling beer in Haiti, claiming a 98% market share. Prestige beer is also available in some parts of the United States.

Prestige beer was launched in 1976, less than 2 years after BRANA's creation. In 2000 and again in 2012, it won the gold medal at the World Beer Cup for American-style lager.

## Jamaica

Red Stripe is an internationally popular Jamaican beer produced by Desnoes & Geddes. It is a pale lager. The company also produces Red Stripe Light, Dragon Stout and Malta, a non-alcoholic beverage.

*Kingston 62*, alternately *Kingston Beer* is a pale lager also sold on the island.

**Trouble's Brewing** is a small craft brewery that first emerged in 2019 to carve out their own market niche in Jamaica. As of September 2021, Trouble's Brewing offers five beer styles (Blonde Ale, IPA, Hefeweizen, Stout, and Pale Ale), and one to two seasonal beers including their Oktoberfest (Märzen). Trouble's Brewing is owned by Craft Beer Company of Jamaica Ltd., which is listed as a private company with a sole shareholder.

## Puerto Rico

Old Harbor Brewery, which had been a staple of Old San Juan, closed its doors in December, 2015. They re-emerged in 2018 with a new look and a brand new production facility in Carolina which includes a large tasting room.

REBL Brewery (Radical Experimental Brewing Lab) is a nano brewery located in Utuado. Their Kasiri IPA is brewed with cassava.

Boquerón Brewing Company, from Cabo Rojo, produces several beer styles, the most popular being Boquerón Pale Ale, Boquerón Blonde Ale and Crash Boat IPA. They also make Gas Chambers, which is an IPA series that varies seasonally, Domes Caribbean Style IPA, Caja de Muerto Summer Ale and 3 Palmas Milk Stout.

FOK (Fresh off the Keg) Brewing Company operates in the town of Caguas. They currently have 3 main products: FOK Red Ale, which is an Irish Red Ale, a Golden Ale named FOK Blond Ale, and FOK Coffee-Black IPA. In all, FOK has produced at least 14 beers since their introduction on the island.

Ingeniero Microbrewery is located in Manatí and produces 5 beer brands: Porter Rican, Son of a Glitch, Mother Hopper, Tamarindia Amber Ale and Conuco. Porter Rican is an English-style Robust Porter, which is conditioned with Puerto Rican cocoa nibs and vanilla beans. Son of a Glitch is a Pale Ale that has citrus and floral notes. These two are available throughout the year. Mother Hopper is an Imperial/Double IPA made with 7 hop varieties while Tamarindia Amber Ale is an Irish-style Red Ale infused with local tamarind. Conuco is their seasonal beer that changes annually, the first version being a Spiced Yam Beer that employed Sweet Potatoes, star anise and cinnamon.

Barlovento Brewing Company, formerly located in Manatí, produced the Galeón craft beer series. It included Galeón IPA, which combines English ale brewing techniques with American hop blends and Galeón 90/-, which is a Scottish-styled ale matured in rum soaked oak chips and honey. The brewery was sold and went on to become Ocean Lab Brewing Co. in Carolina, Puerto Rico

The Aviator's Brewery is a nano brewery operating out of San Lorenzo. Their flagship beer is called Gallo Negro red ale.

Dragon Stone Abbey in Río Grande produces Saphira, Drakko and Black Diamond. Saphira is a Saison with tart notes while Drakko is an American Style session IPA. Black Diamond is a full-bodied Belgian Style Porter with chocolate aroma and flavors of coffee, chocolate, stone fruit and some wood.

Bros Brewing Company was a contract-brewery operating out of at Ingeniero Microbrewery and is currently on hiatus. They initially produced the "Discovery Series", featuring the names of the vessels employed by Christopher Columbus during the discovery of Puerto Rico: "La Niña Wheat Ale", "La Pinta" and "La Santa María-Belgian Tripel".

Boxlab Brewing Company is a nano brewery and tap room from Aguadilla, Puerto Rico. Annual production is 300 BBL (barrels). Their beers include Mal de ojo IPA, Semifusa Brut IPA and Cocotero Toasted Coconut Milk Stout. The owners also operate west coast craft beer landmark The Beer Box, a small bar and eatery also located in Aguadilla.

Ocean Lab Brewing Co. operates a large production facility, tap room and events venue in Carolina. It is one of the largest craft breweries in Puerto Rico.

ZURC Bräuhaus is a nano brewery operating out of Coamo, Puerto Rico. They brew mostly in the German tradition, but will also release American styles. They are the first brewery to release a sour beer (a Berliner Weisse kettle sour) in Puerto Rico commercially.

Señorial Brewing Corp. is a nano brewery operating out of the town of Ponce. Their beers make reference to places, people and historical events around the city, most notably: La Ceiba IPA (named after the centuries-old landmark tree) and El Polvorín Smoked Porter (a tribute to the heroes of the El Polvorín fires of 1899).

Sothego Corp. was a nano brewery which produced the Dacay Cerveza Artesanal line of beers in Guaynabo. The product line included Dacay Red Ale, Dacay Golden Ale, Dacay Black IPA and Sofía IPA. They also produced Jíbaro Ale, which was a beer made with ginger and lemon peel and Dacay Oatmeal Stout, both available seasonally. The Brewery has since closed.

Medalla Light and Silver Key are commercial light lager beers produced by Compañía Cervecera de Puerto Rico. The first beer won first prize in 2005 for light beer in Brussels awarded by Monde Selection. Currently, it is the top selling beer in Puerto Rico. In addition, they launched Magna on August 1, 2011.

A few local bars have started to produce their own house beers by contract through established breweries. In Ponce, small bar Birriola has produced a Blonde Ale through Señorial Brewing, and in San Juan, El Tap has established Saint-Turce Beer Co. and released Tras Talleres, a Double IPA.

Several more microbreweries are in the process of attaining permits, while others have closed their doors. New microbreweries include Pura Vida Brewery in Cabo Rojo, Cold Blood Brewery in Quebradillas, Rincón Beer Company in Rincón, Reina Mora Brewing Co. in Sabana Grande and Cervecería del Callejón in San Juan. Although from unknown locations in Puerto Rico, other microbreweries in the process of getting their permits are Amalgama Brewing, Gafas Locas Beer Co. and Cervezas Cielo Roto.

## Saint Lucia

Piton is a Pilsner beer brand from the island of Saint Lucia, brewed by Windward & Leeward Brewing Limited, which is owned by Heineken.

Antillia Brewing Company is the island's award-winning craft brewery. It brews traditional ales and stouts and a lineup of locally inspired beers using passion fruit, local citrus, aging on rum barrels and even the fabled Bois Bandee. Distributed island wide in draught form Antillia bottles are also found at local grocery and wine shops and are often sold by large resort clients. The brewery is located in Odsan and they operate a beer garden at Duty Free Pointe Seraphine, the cruise terminal in the capital of Castries.

## Trinidad and Tobago

Carib Brewery manufactures Carib Beer and Stag Lager, along with Malta Carib, and Shandy Carib.

There is a new micro brewery in P.O.S, Tommy's Brewing Company. In 2019 Tommy's Brewing Company won two Double Gold Medals at the 2019 European Beer Challenge in London.

## St. Vincent and the Grenadines

32 Islands Brewery in Mustique makes three craft beers. Mustique Gold; a golden pale ale. Mustique Blues; created in homage to the Mustique Blues Festival and Mustique WIPA; A West Indian Pale Ale.

St. Vincent Brewery, Ltd. brews Hairoun beer, an alternative name for the island. Hairoun is a golden lager brewed with barley, hops, and spring water. St. Vincent Brewery also bottles Guinness Foreign Extra Stout under license as well as Vita Malt, a non-alcoholic malt beverage, and several other non-alcoholic beverages.

## United States Virgin Islands

The United States Virgin Islands had three breweries as of 2012.

## List of beers and breweries

### Further reading


title: Ridgewood Park (Tampa)

abstract: Ridgewood Park is a neighborhood within the city limits of Tampa, Florida. As of the 2000 census, the neighborhood had a population of 379. The ZIP Code serving the area is 33602.

text:
# Ridgewood Park (Tampa)

**Ridgewood Park** is a neighborhood within the city limits of Tampa, Florida. As of the 2000 census, the neighborhood had a population of 379. The ZIP Code serving the area is 33602.

## Geography

Ridgewood Park's boundaries are North Boulevard to the east, Columbus Boulevard to the north, and the Hillsborough River to the south and west.

## Demographics

*Source: Hillsborough County Atlas*

At the 2000 census, there were 379 people and 181 households residing in the neighborhood. The population density was 2,935/mi2. The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 53.0% White, 44.0% African American, 0.0% Native American, 0.0% Asian, 0.0% from other races, and 4.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were about 7.0%.

Of the 181 households, 19% had children under the age of 18 living with them; 43% were married couples living together; 10% had a female householder with no husband present; and 8% were non-families. 30% of households were made up of individuals.

The age distribution was 13% under the age of 18, 23% from 18 to 34, 26% from 35 to 49, 14% from 50 to 64, and 25% 65 or older. For every 100 females, there were 101 males.

The per capita income for the neighborhood was $24,798. About 6% of the population lived below the poverty line.

## Education

Ridgewood Park is served by Hillsborough County Public Schools, which serves the city of Tampa and Hillsborough County. Madison Middle School is located within the neighborhood.

## InfoBox

| Ridgewood Park | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighborhood | |
| Ridgewood ParkLocation within the state of Florida | |
| Coordinates: 27°57′52″N 82°28′14″W / 27.96444°N 82.47056°W / 27.96444; -82.47056 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Florida |
| County | Hillsborough |
| City | Tampa |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 379 |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP codes | 33602 |


title: Sisyridae

abstract: Sisyridae, commonly known as spongeflies or spongillaflies, are a family of winged insects in the order Neuroptera. There are approximately 60 living species described, and several extinct species identified from the fossil record.

text:
# Sisyridae

**Sisyridae**, commonly known as **spongeflies** or **spongillaflies**, are a family of winged insects in the order Neuroptera. There are approximately 60 living species described, and several extinct species identified from the fossil record.

## Description

In general appearance, the adults resemble some brown lacewings (Hemerobiidae). The forewings of spongillaflies have a span of 4–10 millimetres. The greyish or brownish wings have few cross veins except in the costal field, and most of these are not forked. The subcostal (Sc) and radial (R1) veins are fused near the wingtip.

The larvae of spongillaflies look rather bizarre. Similar to those of some osmylids (Osmylidae) at first glance, they have spindly legs on a bulky thorax, long antennae, and flexible, threadlike mouthparts. However, the second and third instars carry seven pairs of jointed, movable tracheal gills beneath their plump abdomen. These gills are possessed by no other extant insect family, and readily distinguish them from osmylid larvae.

## Ecology and life cycle

Adult spongillaflies are crepuscular or nocturnal. They are omnivores, sometimes hunting small invertebrates, but mainly scavenging on such animals' carcasses, as well as on pollen and honeydew.

The females deposit their eggs singly or as small clutches on plants that droop over freshwater lakes or slow-moving rivers. A protective web is spun to cover the eggs. When the larvae hatch, they drop down into the water where they develop until pupation. They use their mouthparts to parasitize Spongillidae freshwater sponges (e.g. of the genus *Spongilla*, hence the name "spongillaflies") and Phylactolaemata freshwater bryozoans by stinging into the host animals' body and sucking out cell contents. The antennae are stouter than they look and are used to aid in locomotion. Development to pupation takes between several weeks and one year.

Spongillafly larvae leave the water and go to hidden places nearby to pupate, choosing locations like beneath rocks or behind tree bark. They spin a cocoon for pupation, but in temperate climates they overwinter in the cocoon as larvae, pupating only the following spring.

## Systematics and taxonomy

Spongillaflies were formerly placed in the Osmyloidea, as their closest relatives were held to be the osmylids (Osmylidae) and the Nevrorthidae. This was due to the similar adaptations of the larvae of spongillaflies and osmylids. But this is apparently due to convergent evolution; actually, the spongillaflies seem to be closer to the brown lacewings (Hemerobiidae) than to the osmylids, but even more closely related to the dustywings (Coniopterygidae). And even though they are not often placed in the superfamily Coniopterygoidea yet, they most likely form a clade with the Coniopterygidae and thus it would seem that the Coniopterygoidea, rather than being an unnecessarily monotypic taxon, is expanded to signify that the spongillaflies and the dustywings are each other's closest relatives.

A few fossil genera are known, mainly from the Eocene like *"Sisyra" amissa* which may or may not be the first record of the living genus. The genus *Cratosisyrops*, from the Aptian Crato Formation, was suggested to be a spongillafly member, but later authors Perkovsky and Makarkin in 2015 noted the fossil lacks details to confidently place it in the family. The oldest members of the family are species in the subfamily Paradoxosisyrinae from Cenomanian Burmese amber and *Prosisyrina* from Santonian Taimyr amber.

The family is currently divided into two subfamilies with the four extant genera and two of the extinct genera placed into Sisyrinae, while five extinct genera are placed into the subfamily Paradoxosisyrinae.

**Sisyridae**

*This article draws heavily on the corresponding article in the German-language Wikipedia.*

## InfoBox

| Sisyridae
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Sisyra terminalis* imago | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Neuroptera |
| Superfamily: | Osmyloidea |
| Family: | Sisyridae
Banks, 1905 |
|
| Subfamilies | |
| See text | |


title: Battle of Jassin

abstract: The Battle of Jassin was a World War I battle that took place on 18– 19 January 1915 at Jassin on the German East African side of the border with British East Africa between a German Schutztruppe force and British and Indian troops. Jassin had been occupied by the British in order to secure the border between British East Africa and German territory, but was weakly defended by a garrison of four companies of Indian troops, commanded by Colonel Raghbir Singh and numbering a little over 300 men. Colonel Singh was killed during the battle. The German commander, Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck, decided to attack Jassin in order to prevent further danger to Tanga, which lay more than 50 kilometres to the south and had previously been successfully defended against a British attack. Nine companies of Schutztruppe with European officers were gathered for the assault. Immediately after the British force surrendered, British Captains Hanson and Turner were taken to see Lettow-Vorbeck. He congratulated them on their defence of the town before releasing them on the promise they would play no further part in the war.

text:
# Battle of Jassin

The **Battle of Jassin** (also known as the **Battle of Yasin**, the **Battle of Jasin**, the **Battle of Jasini** or the **Battle of Jassini**) was a World War I battle that took place on 18 19 January 1915 at Jassin on the German East African side of the border with British East Africa between a German Schutztruppe force and British and Indian troops. Jassin had been occupied by the British in order to secure the border between British East Africa and German territory, but was weakly defended by a garrison of four companies of Indian troops, commanded by Colonel Raghbir Singh and numbering a little over 300 men. Colonel Singh was killed during the battle.

The German commander, Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck, decided to attack Jassin in order to prevent further danger to Tanga, which lay more than 50 kilometres to the south and had previously been successfully defended against a British attack. Nine companies of Schutztruppe with European officers were gathered for the assault.

Immediately after the British force surrendered, British Captains Hanson and Turner were taken to see Lettow-Vorbeck. He congratulated them on their defence of the town before releasing them on the promise they would play no further part in the war.

## Aftermath

Brigadier-General Michael Tighe arrived too late, just hours after the surrender to support the British at Jassin. Although the British force surrendered, Lettow-Vorbeck realised that the level of German losses of officers and ammunition meant that he could rarely afford confrontation on such a large scale and would need to make use of guerrilla warfare instead—he turned his attention away from seeking decisive battle against the British, concentrating instead on operations against the Uganda Railway. The British response was to withdraw and concentrate their forces in order to reduce their risks and make defence easier. As a result, the invasion of German East Africa was postponed for some time.

4°40′53″S 39°11′05″E / 4.6814°S 39.1847°E / -4.6814; 39.1847

## InfoBox

| Battle of Jassin | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the East African Campaign of World War I | |
|  | |
| Date 1819 January 1915  Location Jassin, Mayomboni, Mkinga District, German East Africa  Result  German victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| German Empire | British Empire |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck | Raghbir Singh
Captain J.G.J. Hanson
Captain J. Turner |
| Strength | |
| 244 Germans
1,350 Askaris
23 machine guns
4 field guns | **Initially**:
300
**Relief Force**:
800
1 Town-class light cruiser |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 86 killed
200 wounded | 200 killed
320–400 captured |


title: Battle of Taenum

abstract: The Battle of Taenum was fought in 90 BC during the Social War. In the battle, Roman forces under the command of Lucius Julius Caesar were defeated by Italian rebel forces commanded by Marius Egnatius. As Lucius Caesar moved his army composed of 30,000 infantry and 5,000 cavalry through a defile, he was ambushed and attacked by the rebels. Although many of his men were killed during the initial ambush, the Romans were able to fight their way through a frantic retreat to the town of Teanum where they took up a defensive position. It has been reported that Lucius Caesar lost 8,000 of his 35,000. This rebel victory offset their previous defeat at Acerrae. During the battle, Lucius Caesar himself was sick. During the retreat, he had to be evacuated on a litter.

text:
# Battle of Taenum

41°15′00″N 14°04′00″E / 41.25°N 14.066667°E / 41.25; 14.066667

**The Battle of Taenum** (also spelled Teanum) was fought in 90 BC during the Social War. In the battle, Roman forces under the command of Lucius Julius Caesar were defeated by Italian rebel forces commanded by Marius Egnatius.

As Lucius Caesar moved his army composed of 30,000 infantry and 5,000 cavalry through a defile, he was ambushed and attacked by the rebels. Although many of his men were killed during the initial ambush, the Romans were able to fight their way through a frantic retreat to the town of Teanum where they took up a defensive position. It has been reported that Lucius Caesar lost 8,000 of his 35,000.

This rebel victory offset their previous defeat at Acerrae. During the battle, Lucius Caesar himself was sick. During the retreat, he had to be evacuated on a litter.

## InfoBox

| Battle of Taenum | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Social War | |
| Date 90 BC  Location Teanum Sidicinum, modern Teano, Italy  Result  Rebel victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Roman Republic | Italian rebels |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Lucius Julius Caesar | Marius Egnatius |
| Strength | |
| 35,000 | |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 8,000 | Unknown |


# Results of the 2007 Australian federal election in territories

This is a list of electoral division results for the Australian 2007 federal election for the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory.

## Australian Capital Territory

Turnout 95.85% (CV) — Informal 2.31%
| Party | | Votes | % | Swing | Seats | Change |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | 114,244 | 51.10 | +0.85 | 2 |  |
|  | Liberal | 74,295 | 33.23 | –2.00 | 0 |  |
|  | Australian Greens | 29,424 | 13.16 | +2.40 |  |  |
|  | Australian Democrats | 2,509 | 1.12 | –1.28 |  |  |
|  | Citizens Electoral Council | 1,295 | 0.58 | +0.21 |  |  |
|  | Socialist Alliance | 539 | 0.24 | –0.75 |  |  |
|  | Independents | 1,275 | 0.57 | +0.57 |  |  |
| Total | | 223,581 |  |  | 2 |  |
| Two-party-preferred vote | | | | | | |
|  | Labor | 141,745 | 63.40 | +1.86 | 2 |  |
|  | Liberal | 81,836 | 36.60 | –1.86 | 0 |  |
|  | | | | | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | | | 5,289 | 2.31 | −1.13 |  |
| Registered voters/turnout | | | 238,786 | 95.85 |  |  |
| Source: Commonwealth Election 2007 | | | | | | |

### Canberra

2007 Australian federal election: Canberra
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Annette Ellis | 58,711 | 51.10 | +1.17 |
|  | Liberal | Natalie Colbert | 40,359 | 35.13 | −1.56 |
|  | Greens | Amanda Bresnan | 14,878 | 12.95 | +2.65 |
|  | Citizens Electoral Council | John Holder | 953 | 0.83 | +0.13 |
| Total formal votes | | | 114,901 | 97.74 | +1.11 |
| Informal votes | | | 2,660 | 2.26 | −1.11 |
| Turnout | | | 117,561 | 96.05 | +0.91 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Annette Ellis | 71,030 | 61.82 | +1.91 |
|  | Liberal | Natalie Colbert | 43,871 | 38.18 | −1.91 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +1.91 |  |

### Fraser

2007 Australian federal election: Fraser
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Bob McMullan | 55,533 | 51.10 | +0.50 |
|  | Liberal | Troy Williams | 33,936 | 31.23 | −2.41 |
|  | Greens | Meredith Hunter | 14,546 | 13.38 | +2.12 |
|  | Democrats | Darren Churchill | 2,509 | 2.31 | −0.27 |
|  | Independent | Kerri Taranto | 1,275 | 1.17 | +1.17 |
|  | Socialist Alliance | Farida Iqbal | 539 | 0.50 | −1.42 |
|  | Citizens Electoral Council | Jim Arnold | 342 | 0.31 | +0.31 |
| Total formal votes | | | 108,680 | 97.64 | +1.15 |
| Informal votes | | | 2,629 | 2.36 | −1.15 |
| Turnout | | | 111,309 | 95.67 | +0.92 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Bob McMullan | 70,715 | 65.07 | +1.75 |
|  | Liberal | Troy Williams | 37,965 | 34.93 | −1.75 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +1.75 |  |

## Northern Territory

2007 Australian federal election
(Northern Territory)
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  All 2 Northern Territory seats in the Australian House of Representatives
and all 2 seats in the Australian Senate | |
| First party Second party   Leader Kevin Rudd John Howard  Party Labor Liberal/National coalition  Last election 1 seat 1 seat  Seats won **2** 0  Seat change  1  1  Popular vote 46,794 40,298  Percentage **47.65%** 41.03  Swing  3.38  2.81  TPP **55.41%** 44.59%  TPP swing  3.26  3.26 | |

Turnout 86.53% (CV) — Informal 3.85%
| Party | | Votes | % | Swing | Seats | Change |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | 46,794 | 47.65 | +3.38 | 2 | 1 |
|  | Country Liberal | 40,298 | 41.03 | –2.81 | 0 | 1 |
|  | Greens | 7,903 | 8.05 | +1.84 |  |  |
|  | Liberty and Democracy Party | 358 | 0.36 | +0.36 |  |  |
|  | Citizens Electoral Council | 245 | 0.25 | –0.01 |  |  |
|  | Independents | 2,615 | 2.66 | +0.70 |  |  |
| Total | | 98,213 |  |  | 2 |  |
| Two-party-preferred vote | | | | | | |
|  | Labor | 54,418 | 55.41 | +3.26 | 2 | 1 |
|  | Country Liberal | 43,795 | 44.59 | –3.26 | 0 | 1 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | | | 3,936 | 3.85 | −0.60 |  |
| Registered voters/turnout | | | 118,045 | 86.53 |  |  |
| Source: Commonwealth Election 2007 | | | | | | |

CLP to Labor: Solomon.

### Lingiari

2007 Australian federal election: Lingiari
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Warren Snowdon | 25,213 | 53.99 | +3.33 |
|  | Country Liberal | Adam Giles | 16,189 | 34.66 | -3.70 |
|  | Greens | Emma Young | 3,231 | 6.92 | +1.34 |
|  | Independent | Maurie Ryan | 1,206 | 2.58 | +2.58 |
|  | Independent | Wayne Wright | 864 | 1.85 | +1.85 |
| Total formal votes | | | 46,703 | 95.15 | +0.09 |
| Informal votes | | | 2,381 | 4.85 | −0.09 |
| Turnout | | | 49,084 | 81.34 | +3.63 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Warren Snowdon | 28,565 | 61.16 | +3.50 |
|  | Country Liberal | Adam Giles | 18,138 | 38.84 | -3.50 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +3.50 |  |

### Solomon

2007 Australian federal election: Solomon
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Country Liberal | Dave Tollner | 24,109 | 46.80 | -1.95 |
|  | Labor | Damian Hale | 21,581 | 41.90 | +3.37 |
|  | Greens | Debbie Hudson | 4,672 | 9.07 | +2.30 |
|  | Independent | Maurice Foley | 545 | 1.06 | -0.44 |
|  | Liberty & Democracy | Jacques Chester | 358 | 0.70 | +0.70 |
|  | Citizens Electoral Council | Trudy Campbell | 245 | 0.48 | -0.01 |
| Total formal votes | | | 51,510 | 97.07 | +0.98 |
| Informal votes | | | 1,555 | 2.93 | −1.07 |
| Turnout | | | 53,065 | 91.29 | +0.98 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Damian Hale | 25,853 | 50.19 | +3.00 |
|  | Country Liberal | Dave Tollner | 25,657 | 49.81 | -3.00 |
|  | Labor **gain** from Country Liberal | | **Swing** | +3.00 |  |

## InfoBox

2007 Australian federal election
(Australian Capital Territory)
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  All 2 Australian Capital Territory seats in the Australian House of Representatives
and all 2 seats in the Australian Senate | |
| First party Second party   Leader Kevin Rudd John Howard  Party Labor Liberal/National coalition  Last election 2 seats 0 seats  Seats won **2** 0  Seat change    Popular vote **114,244** 74,295  Percentage **51.10%** 33.23%  Swing  2.05  2.00  TPP **63.40%** 36.60%  TPP swing  1.86  1.86 | |


title: Battle on Shangganling Mountain (film)

abstract: Shangganling is a 1956 Chinese war film, also translated as Battle of Shangganling and Battle on Shangganling Mountain. It depicts the Battle of Triangle Hill during the Korean War, an especially bloody battle that resulted in eventual Chinese victory. The film follows a group of Chinese People's Volunteer Army soldiers who are holding Triangle Hill for several days against the U.S. Army and the Republic of Korea Army. Short of both food and water, they hold their ground until the relief troops arrive. The movie shows Chinese victory over the American invasion, and the People's Volunteer Army soldiers were shown as Chinese war heroes. The film's style and view of the battle have been contrasted with the 1959 American film Pork Chop Hill.

text:
# Battle on Shangganling Mountain (film)

***Shangganling*** (Chinese: 《上甘岭》; pinyin: *Shànggānlǐng*) is a 1956 Chinese war film, also translated as *Battle of Shangganling* and *Battle on Shangganling Mountain*. It depicts the Battle of Triangle Hill (Shangganling in Chinese) during the Korean War, an especially bloody battle that resulted in eventual Chinese victory.

The film follows a group of Chinese People's Volunteer Army soldiers who are holding Triangle Hill for several days against the U.S. Army and the Republic of Korea Army. Short of both food and water, they hold their ground until the relief troops arrive. The movie shows Chinese victory over the American invasion, and the People's Volunteer Army soldiers were shown as Chinese war heroes. The film's style and view of the battle have been contrasted with the 1959 American film *Pork Chop Hill*.

## The spirit of Shangganling

The Battle of Shangganling has become a symbol of Chinese "die for the sake of motherland" heroism, and also the symbol of fighting spirit of the Chinese military. Taking into account of the absolute superiority of American ground artillery power and air power, resulting in the People's Volunteer Army regaining their original positions against high American and South Korean casualties, the Chinese promote it as a military victory with emphasis on Chinese soldier's endurance and sacrifice.

## White House performance controversy

On 19 January 2011, pianist Lang Lang played the theme song of this movie at a White House state dinner for Chinese President Hu Jintao. The event generated controversies within both US and China, similar to the "anti-Soviet" music of composer Dmitri Shostakovich.

## InfoBox

| Shangganling | |
| --- | --- |
| DVD front cover | |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 上甘嶺 |
| Simplified Chinese | 上甘岭 |
|
| Hanyu Pinyin | Shànggānlǐng |
|  | |
|  | |
| Directed by | Lin Shan
Sha Meng |
| Starring | Gao Baocheng
Xu Linge
Liu Yuru |
| Release date | * 1956 (1956) |
| Country | China |
| Language | Mandarin |


title: Battle of Syracuse (1710)

abstract: The Battle of Syracuse was a naval engagement of the War of the Spanish Succession fought on 9 November 1710, outside the Sicilian port of Syracuse. A French fleet of four ships under the command of Jacques Cassard came to relieve a heavily laden French merchant fleet that had been blockaded in the Syracuse harbour by a British fleet. Cassard arrived off Syracuse when most of the blockading fleet had left to resupply at Port Mahon; he successfully captured Falcon and Pembroke, the two ships left to maintain the blockade, and escorted the fleet to Marseille.

text:
# Battle of Syracuse (1710)

The **Battle of Syracuse** was a naval engagement of the War of the Spanish Succession fought on 9 November 1710, outside the Sicilian port of Syracuse. A French fleet of four ships under the command of Jacques Cassard came to relieve a heavily laden French merchant fleet that had been blockaded in the Syracuse harbour by a British fleet. Cassard arrived off Syracuse when most of the blockading fleet had left to resupply at Port Mahon; he successfully captured *Falcon* and *Pembroke*, the two ships left to maintain the blockade, and escorted the fleet to Marseille.

15°17′03″N 37°03′58″E / 15.284288°N 37.066228°E / 15.284288; 37.066228


title: Battle of Syrjäntaka

abstract: Battle of Syrjäntaka was a 1918 Finnish Civil War battle fought on 28–29 April in Syrjäntaka, Tuulos, between the German Baltic Sea Division and the Finnish Red Guards. Thousands of Red refugees were fleeing east, while they were blocked by a small unit of Germans at a highway crossing in the small village of Syrjäntaka. After hours of desperate fighting, the Reds managed to break through and continue their journey. The Battle of Syrjäntaka and the preceding battle in Hauho were the only battles the Germans lost during their one-month military campaign in Finland. They were also the last Red victories of the 1918 civil war. The battle itself was totally unnecessary. It had no effect on the result of the war and neither side gained anything as the fleeing Reds were captured only a couple of days later.

text:
# Battle of Syrjäntaka

**Battle of Syrjäntaka** was a 1918 Finnish Civil War battle fought on 28–29 April in Syrjäntaka, Tuulos, between the German Baltic Sea Division and the Finnish Red Guards. Thousands of Red refugees were fleeing east, while they were blocked by a small unit of Germans at a highway crossing in the small village of Syrjäntaka. After hours of desperate fighting, the Reds managed to break through and continue their journey. The Battle of Syrjäntaka and the preceding battle in Hauho were the only battles the Germans lost during their one-month military campaign in Finland. They were also the last Red victories of the 1918 civil war. The battle itself was totally unnecessary. It had no effect on the result of the war and neither side gained anything as the fleeing Reds were captured only a couple of days later.

## Background

After the city of Tampere had fallen on 6 April, the Red Guard general staff ordered their troops to retreat to the eastern part of Red controlled Finland in order to form a new front behind the river Kymijoki. The Reds first started fleeing from Tampere, Pori and Turku and were soon joined by Reds from the Helsinki area as the Germans took the city on 13 April. In the three weeks, tens of thousands of Red Guard fighters, their family members and other Red supporters were marching east. About 25,000 travelled through the town of Hämeenlinna in the southern part of Tavastia province. As the Germans were closing Hämeenlinna in 25–26 April, there was still up to 4,000 refugees in town. The road heading east from Hämeenlinna was now blocked, so the Reds had to make their way through a new route: first 30 kilometres north, then across the small river of Alvettula and back southwards to Hauho and Tuulos.

## Battles in Alvettula and Hauho

The Red column reached the Alvettula river, 30 kilometres north of Hämeenlinna, in the early morning of 26 April. The Finnish Whites were in defensive positions on the east side of the river with their machine guns aimed to the brigade. The Red artillery started firing at 5:00 am, but the Reds did not make their first effort to cross the river until the evening. After ten hours of fighting, they managed to cross the bridge in the next morning and finally made their way through the White lines in the afternoon. Nearly 150 Reds were killed as the Whites lost only 11 men. The column then headed 6 kilometres south to Hauho where the Reds stayed for the night. They were now joined by 1,000 more refugees who had come from the north.

At the same time, the Germans had taken Hämeenlinna. General major Konrad Theodor Wolf then sent a unit of 400 men to Syrjäntaka, a village and highway crossing 25 kilometres east of Hämeenlinna. The German unit was commanded by the major Godert von Reden. He was not aware of the approaching Reds and therefore did not expect any fighting. Reden decided to scatter his men to the nearby villages and finally there was only less than 150 men left in Syrjäntaka. Late in the evening of 27 April, two White officers informed Reden of the Reds in Hauho. For some reason, Reden then ordered an attack against the village. The operation was carried out early next morning with only one German bicycle company (Radfahr-Kompanie) and a small unit of Finnish Whites. The attack failed totally as the Reds stroke the enemy back, causing them nearly 50 dead while only 14 Reds were killed. After the battle, the Red column started marching towards Syrjäntaka, about 20 kilometres southeast of Hauho.

## Battle in Syrjäntaka

After being informed of the failure in Hauho, Reden realized his men were soon to face an overwhelming enemy. At 3:00 pm, Reden ordered his men to dig into defensive positions. The Germans formed a 1.5 kilometre-long line of trenches in the fields surrounding the village. Reden also called for additional forces and General major Wolf decided to send a unit of 200–300 men, under the command of major Lothar von Brandenstein. His troops never reached their destination as they were stuck in a fight with the Reds by the small lake of Pannujärvi, 3 kilometres west of Syrjäntaka.

The Reds reached Syrjäntaka at 9:00 pm. The artillery started pounding German positions and soon the Reds were attacking towards the enemy lines. A desperate blow after another was made through the night. The Red male fighters were joined by armed women and children. Finally at 5:00 am, Reden called his men to pull back. They were running out of ammunition and Reden had lost two-thirds of his men dead or wounded. The Germans retreated to the nearby lake Suolijärvi and set the village on fire to slow the Reds. Wooden buildings were now burning on the both sides of the road and the Germans watched the flames from the nearby hill. The Reds were now stopped for several hours, they could not proceed until the houses were burned out at 10:00 am. The column then marched through the village for the next six hours. It was 18 kilometres long, with at least 4,000–5,000 people, according to some sources even 10,000. As the Reds passed the village, they set the other side of the crossing on fire in order to prevent the Germans following them. However, the Germans managed to hit to the tail of the column and take 150 prisoners, including 30–40 fighters of the Valkeakoski Women's Guard who had a major role in the Battle of Alvettula. The women were handed to the Whites who took them to Hauho, where they were executed two days later. The Finnish doctor J. K. Klemola, who entered Syrjäntaka a day after the battle, described the sight as shocking; a piles of human bodies and dead horses lying around the smokey ruins of the burned village.

## Aftermath

As the Reds passed Syrjäntaka, they marched towards east for the next couple of days, but the Germans and Whites tightened their noose and up to 30,000 fleeing Reds were finally captured near the city of Lahti. They were gathered to the Fellman Concentration Camp after the Battle of Lahti was over on 1 May. Most of the women and children were soon sent back home, but some of them as well as the captured men were closed to prison camps around Southern Finland. The German commander Godert von Reden committed suicide in January 1919. The failures in Hauho and Syrjäntaka were most likely the main reasons for his suicide.

## Commemoration

The 11 Germans killed in the Pannujärvi area are buried in a common grave next to the present-day National Road 10 and the Pannujärvi industrial park. The rest of the Germans were laid to Hämeenlinna in the Tähtipuisto Park. In 1962 the bodies and the memorial were transferred to the Old Cemetery. 87 Reds, including two women, are buried in a mass grave in Syjäntaka. A memorial was finally erected in 1967. There is also several single graves around the woods between Hauho and Syrjäntaka, but burial sites of most of the killed Reds are unknown. The memorial of the battle was erected in the Pappilanmäki Hill of Syrjäntaka in 1968.

## In culture

Finnish authors Väinö Linna and Veijo Meri have both described the battle. It is featured in the second part of Linna's classic trilogy *Under the North Star*, and its film adaptation *Here, Beneath the North Star*, as one of the main characters is killed in the battle.

61°06′59″N 24°49′54″E / 61.116257°N 24.831663°E / 61.116257; 24.831663

## InfoBox

| Battle of Syrjäntaka | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the Finnish Civil War and Eastern Front in World War I | |
|
Captured Red Guard women with a German carabinier | |
| Date 28–29 April 1918
(1 day)  Location Tuulos, Finland  Result  Red breakthrough | |
| Belligerents | |
| German Empire | Finnish Reds |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Godert von Reden | Unknown |
| Units involved | |
| Baltic Sea Division | Red Guards |
| Strength | |
| c. 400 | c. 4,000–5,000 |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 48 killed | c. 300 killed
c. 150 captured |