title: River Ray, Wiltshire

abstract: The River Ray is a tributary of the River Thames in England which flows through Wiltshire. The river rises at Wroughton to the south of Swindon and runs in a generally northern direction, passing to the west of the town via Shaw. Near Roughmoor it is joined from the west by the Lydiard Brook. The river joins the Thames on the southern bank near Calcutt, east of Cricklade, just upstream of Water Eaton House Bridge. Its length is about 11.5 km (7.1 mi) from its source to the Lydiard Brook, and 10.3 km (6.4 mi) from there to the Thames. The river has been subject to a restoration project run by the Wiltshire Wildlife Trust. The final stage, completed in December 2007, was to build a tunnel near the Great Western Way at Rivermead to allow the nine species of fish to travel the length of the river without obstruction.

text:
# River Ray, Wiltshire

The **River Ray** is a tributary of the River Thames in England which flows through Wiltshire.

The river rises at Wroughton to the south of Swindon and runs in a generally northern direction, passing to the west of the town via Shaw. Near Roughmoor it is joined from the west by the Lydiard Brook. The river joins the Thames on the southern bank near Calcutt, east of Cricklade, just upstream of Water Eaton House Bridge. Its length is about 11.5 km (7.1 mi) from its source to the Lydiard Brook, and 10.3 km (6.4 mi) from there to the Thames.

The river has been subject to a restoration project run by the Wiltshire Wildlife Trust. The final stage, completed in December 2007, was to build a tunnel near the Great Western Way at Rivermead to allow the nine species of fish to travel the length of the river without obstruction.

## InfoBox

| River Ray, Wiltshire | |
| --- | --- |
| River Ray at Rivermead, Swindon | |
| Location | |
| Country | England |
| Counties | Wiltshire |
| Towns | Swindon |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Wroughton, Wiltshire |
| coordinates | 51°31′24″N 1°47′29″W / 51.52333°N 1.79139°W / 51.52333; -1.79139 |
|  | |
| Mouth | River Thames |
| location | Calcutt, Wiltshire |
| coordinates | 51°38′39″N 1°49′20″W / 51.64417°N 1.82222°W / 51.64417; -1.82222 |
| Length | 21.8 km (13.5 mi) |
|  | |
| Discharge |  |
| location | Water Eaton, Wiltshire |
| average | 1.28 m3/s (45 cu ft/s) |
| minimum | 0.26 m3/s (9.2 cu ft/s)28 August 1976 |
| maximum | 32.2 m3/s (1,140 cu ft/s)27 September 1974 |
|  | |


title: River Gilpin

abstract: The River Gilpin is a river in the English county of Cumbria. Formerly, the river was in the county of Westmorland. The river rises near Gilpin Lodge in the vicinity of Bowness-on-Windermere and flows in a general south-by-south-easterly direction through Gilpinpark Plantation. At Crosthwaite, the direction of the river changes from south to south-east, continuing past the hamlet of Row into the Lyth Valley, where it is swelled by the much larger River Pool. From there, the river continues moving south to Sampool, where it meets the River Kent. The name of the river is in honour of the Gilpin family.

text:
# River Gilpin

The **River Gilpin** is a river in the English county of Cumbria. Formerly, the river was in the county of Westmorland.

The river rises near Gilpin Lodge in the vicinity of Bowness-on-Windermere and flows in a general south-by-south-easterly direction through Gilpinpark Plantation.

At Crosthwaite, the direction of the river changes from south to south-east, continuing past the hamlet of Row into the Lyth Valley, where it is swelled by the much larger River Pool.

From there, the river continues moving south to Sampool, where it meets the River Kent.

The name of the river is in honour of the Gilpin family.

54°15′N 2°48′W / 54.250°N 2.800°W / 54.250; -2.800


title: Besford Bridge

abstract: Besford Bridge is a village in Worcestershire, England.

text:
# Besford Bridge

**Besford Bridge** is a village in Worcestershire, England.

## InfoBox

| Besford Bridge | |
| --- | --- |
| Besford Bridge Pumping Station | |
| Besford BridgeLocation within Worcestershire | |
| OS grid reference | SO921460 |
| London | 96 miles (154 km) |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | PERSHORE |
| Postcode district | WR10 |
| Dialling code | 01386 |
|  | |
| Police | West Mercia |
| Fire | Hereford and Worcester |
| Ambulance | West Midlands |
|  | |
|


title: Berthold C. Coburn

abstract: Berthold C. Coburn was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member of the Vermont House of Representatives.

text:
# Berthold C. Coburn

**Berthold C. Coburn** (January 14, 1899 – February 28, 1956) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member of the Vermont House of Representatives.

## Life and career

Coburn was a native of Belvidere, Vermont on January 14, 1899. He attended the local schools and the T. N. Vail School of Agriculture. In 1921, he graduated from the Vermont School of Agriculture. Coburn settled in Chelsea, where he worked as a cooperative fire insurance agent.

Active in politics as a Democrat, Coburn served as chairman of the Chelsea Democratic Committee and the Orange County Democratic Committee, in addition to serving on the Vermont Democratic Committee for eight years. He also served in local offices including justice of the peace and town lister. In 1946, he was the unsuccessful Democratic nominee for governor of Vermont. Coburn served in the Vermont House of Representatives from 1953 to 1955.

Coburn was the husband of Gertrude M. Walker; they were married until her death in 1955, and had no children. He died at his brother's home in Chelsea on February 28, 1956, at the age of 57.

## InfoBox

| Berthold C. Coburn | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Vermont House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
1953–1955 | |
| Preceded by | Alice B. Allen |
| Succeeded by | F. Ray Keyser Jr. |
| Constituency | Chelsea |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1899-01-14)January 14, 1899
Belvidere, Vermont, U.S. |
| Died | February 28, 1956(1956-02-28) (aged 57)
Chelsea, Vermont, U.S. |
| Resting place | Belvidere Center Cemetery, Belvidere, Vermont, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Education | Vermont School of Agriculture |
| Occupation | Insurance agent |
|  | |


title: Berlin 380-kV electric line

abstract: The Berlin 380 kV electric line is a 38.3-km double-circuit high-voltage electric three-phase power line in Berlin. An unusual system for a municipality, it was installed by the West Berlin Bewag utility company during the division of the city. Since 1951, West Berlin had been cut off from the East Berlin and East German power networks, and maintained an independent power generation capacity that was not connected to any other power grid. Berlin was connected to the western European power grid in 1994, following German reunification, by extending the 380 kV line. The first section of the line, which entered service in 1977, was an interconnector that consisted of a 2.6 km overhead transmission line and an 8.1 km underground cable, which ran from Reuter power station in Spandau to Mitte substation in Tiergarten ("Mitte" means "central"; the district of Berlin-Mitte was then in East Berlin). It was the first time plastic insulators had been used. The overhead segment and an adjacent 110-kV line are the only overhead lines in former West Berlin. The underground section used water-cooled cable in an accessible tunnel. Both substations use totally enclosed SF6-insulated switchgear. They are the oldest 380 kV substations with SF6 technology in Germany. Another speciality of the Berlin power grid is that the first pylon near Reuter power station has been built as a 66-metre-high (217 ft) concrete structure with transversal steel lattice mimicking a chimney for aesthetical reasons. After German reunification the line was extended 7.6 km further west to Teufelsbruch substation in Spandau Forest, near Berlin's western border, in 1994. The city was finally relinked to the western German power grid via a new 170 km (106 mi) transmission line to Helmstedt, just across the former inner-German border. At the same time, the 380 kV line was extended into former East Berlin via a 6.3 km (3.9 mi) tunnel to Friedrichshain substation (1998), extended 5.2 km to Marzahn substation in 2000. From Marzahn substation a 12 km long 380 kV overhead powerline was built in 1998 to Neuenhagen substation east of Berlin in order to create a second connector to the Western European grid. The tunnel is up to 30 m deep, and has a small inspection railway. After the line was complete, several overhead lines in former East Berlin were dismantled. There are plans for further 380 kV lines to other parts of the high voltage grid north and west of Berlin.

text:
# Berlin 380-kV electric line

The **Berlin 380 kV electric line** is a 38.3-km double-circuit high-voltage electric three-phase power line in Berlin. An unusual system for a municipality, it was installed by the West Berlin Bewag utility company during the division of the city. Since 1951, West Berlin had been cut off from the East Berlin and East German power networks, and maintained an independent power generation capacity that was not connected to any other power grid. Berlin was connected to the western European power grid in 1994, following German reunification, by extending the 380 kV line.

The first section of the line, which entered service in 1977, was an interconnector that consisted of a 2.6 km overhead transmission line and an 8.1 km underground cable, which ran from Reuter power station in Spandau to Mitte substation in Tiergarten ("Mitte" means "central"; the district of Berlin-Mitte was then in East Berlin). It was the first time plastic insulators had been used. The overhead segment and an adjacent 110-kV line are the only overhead lines in former West Berlin. The underground section used water-cooled cable in an accessible tunnel. Both substations use totally enclosed SF6-insulated switchgear. They are the oldest 380 kV substations with SF6 technology in Germany. Another speciality of the Berlin power grid is that the first pylon near Reuter power station has been built as a 66-metre-high (217 ft) concrete structure with transversal steel lattice mimicking a chimney for aesthetical reasons.

After German reunification the line was extended 7.6 km further west to Teufelsbruch substation in Spandau Forest, near Berlin's western border, in 1994. The city was finally relinked to the western German power grid via a new 170 km (106 mi) transmission line to Helmstedt, just across the former inner-German border.

At the same time, the 380 kV line was extended into former East Berlin via a 6.3 km (3.9 mi) tunnel to Friedrichshain substation (1998), extended 5.2 km to Marzahn substation in 2000. From Marzahn substation a 12 km long 380 kV overhead powerline was built in 1998 to Neuenhagen substation east of Berlin in order to create a second connector to the Western European grid. The tunnel is up to 30 m deep, and has a small inspection railway. After the line was complete, several overhead lines in former East Berlin were dismantled. There are plans for further 380 kV lines to other parts of the high voltage grid north and west of Berlin.

## Map

UW TeufelsbruchUW KW ReuterChimney pylonLattice pylonUW MitteUW FriedrichshainUW MarzahnUW Neuenhagenclass=notpageimage|Location of the 380 kV transversal line's components


title: Best Night of Our Lives

abstract: Best Night of Our Lives is Everyday Sunday's fifth full-length album, which was released June 16, 2009.

text:
# Best Night of Our Lives

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Best Night of Our Lives*** is Everyday Sunday's fifth full-length album, which was released June 16, 2009.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Trey Pearson except where noted

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The Best Night of Our Lives" | Jesse Counts | 3:14 |
| 2. | "Under Your Thumb" | Kevin Cramblet, Trey Pearson | 3:11 |
| 3. | "Lies and Fear Go Hand in Hand" | Counts, Pearson | 3:27 |
| 4. | "Breathing for Me" | Jesse Pearson | 2:42 |
| 5. | "Where I Ended" | Counts, J. Pearson | 3:21 |
| 6. | "Figure It Out" |  | 3:44 |
| 7. | "Pity the Man Who Falls and Has No One to Help Him Up" | Counts, T. Pearson | 2:48 |
| 8. | "Come Around" |  | 3:23 |
| 9. | "Here With Me" | Counts, Cramblet, J. Pearson | 5:07 |
| 10. | "In the End" |  | 3:35 |
| 11. | "Reprise" (Where I Ended) |  | 3:48 |
| Total length: | | | 38:20 |

## Personnel

* Breezy Baldwin — design, photography, packaging
* Dale Bray — executive producer
* Nathan Dantzler — mastering
* Rob Roy Fingerhead — guitar, piano, keyboards
* Nick Spencer — guitars
* Adam Hull — assistant
* J.R. McNeely — mixing
* Trey Pearson — vocals

## Chart positions

| Chart (2009) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| *Billboard* 200 | 187 |
| Hot Christian Albums | 15 |
| Top Heatseekers | 5 |
|

## InfoBox

| The Best Night of Our Lives | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Everyday Sunday | |
| Released | June 16, 2009 |
| Genre | Christian rock |
| Length | 38:20 |
| Label | Inpop |
| Everyday Sunday chronology | |
| *Wake Up! Wake Up!*
(2006) ***The Best Night of Our Lives***
(2009) *Best Night Of Our Lives (Special Edition)*
(2009) | |


title: Riverside station (River Line)

abstract: Riverside station is a station on the River Line light rail system, located on Franklin Street in Riverside, New Jersey. The station opened on March 15, 2004. Southbound service from the station is available to Camden, New Jersey. It is the last station on the line before crossing the bridge over Rancocas Creek northbound to the Trenton Rail Station where there are connections to New Jersey Transit trains to New York City, SEPTA trains to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Amtrak trains. Transfer to the PATCO Speedline at the Walter Rand Transportation Center. The station stands in the shadow of the historic Philadelphia Watch Case Company Building, which has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since January 31, 1978.

text:
# Riverside station (River Line)

**Riverside station** is a station on the River Line light rail system, located on Franklin Street in Riverside, New Jersey. The station opened on March 15, 2004.

Southbound service from the station is available to Camden, New Jersey. It is the last station on the line before crossing the bridge over Rancocas Creek northbound to the Trenton Rail Station where there are connections to New Jersey Transit trains to New York City, SEPTA trains to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Amtrak trains. Transfer to the PATCO Speedline at the Walter Rand Transportation Center.

The station stands in the shadow of the historic Philadelphia Watch Case Company Building, which has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since January 31, 1978.

## InfoBox

| Riverside | |
| --- | --- |
| Riverside station with the former Philadelphia Watch Case Company Building in the background | |
| General information | |
| Location | Franklin Street<br>Riverside Township, New Jersey |
| Coordinates | 40°2′21″N 74°57′32″W / 40.03917°N 74.95889°W / 40.03917; -74.95889 |
| Owned by | New Jersey Transit |
| Platforms | 2 side platforms |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Connections | NJ Transit Bus: 419 |
| Construction | |
| Parking | 307 spaces, 8 accessible spaces |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Fare zone | 1 |
| History | |
| Opened | March 15, 2004 (2004-03-15) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  NJ Transit Following station  Cinnaminsontoward Entertainment Center  River Line  Delancotoward Trenton | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former services | |
| Preceding station Pennsylvania Railroad Following station  Rivertontoward Camden  Camden South Amboy  Delancotoward South Amboy | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: Bessie Burke

abstract: Bessie Bruington Burke was the first African American teacher and principal hired in the Los Angeles public school system. In 1887, Burke's parents left their farms and teaching jobs in Kansas via a covered wagon. They settled in what is now North Hollywood. Burke attended Berendo Elementary School; Polytechnic High School; and the Los Angeles State Normal School (LANS), which is now a part of the University of California, Los Angeles. Burke graduated seventh in a class of 800 from LANS. By 1911, Burke had received her teaching credentials and became the first black teacher in the Los Angeles Public School System. Burke began teaching at Holmes Elementary School and became the first black principal in L.A. in 1918. In 1938, she became a principal at Nevin Avenue School, making her the first black principal to head a racially integrated school. Burke served in a number of civic organizations including the YWCA, Native California club, the Women's Political Study Club, and the NAACP. Burke was also a member of the Delta Sigma Theta sorority. She retired from the Los Angeles Board of Education in 1955.

text:
# Bessie Burke

**Bessie Bruington Burke** (March 19, 1891 - 1968) was the first African American teacher and principal hired in the Los Angeles public school system.

In 1887, Burke's parents left their farms and teaching jobs in Kansas via a covered wagon. They settled in what is now North Hollywood. Burke attended Berendo Elementary School; Polytechnic High School; and the Los Angeles State Normal School (LANS), which is now a part of the University of California, Los Angeles. Burke graduated seventh in a class of 800 from LANS. By 1911, Burke had received her teaching credentials and became the first black teacher in the Los Angeles Public School System.

Burke began teaching at Holmes Elementary School and became the first black principal in L.A. in 1918. In 1938, she became a principal at Nevin Avenue School, making her the first black principal to head a racially integrated school.

Burke served in a number of civic organizations including the YWCA, Native California club, the Women's Political Study Club, and the NAACP. Burke was also a member of the Delta Sigma Theta sorority. She retired from the Los Angeles Board of Education in 1955.


title: Beth Chatto

abstract: Beth Chatto was an English plantswoman, garden designer and author known for creating and describing the gardens named after her near Elmstead Market, Essex. She wrote several books about gardening under specific conditions and lectured on this in Britain, North America, Australia, the Netherlands and Germany. Her principle of placing the right plant in the right place drew on her husband Andrew Chatto's lifelong research into garden-plant origins.

text:
# Beth Chatto

**Beth Chatto** OBE VMH (27 June 1923 – 13 May 2018) was an English plantswoman, garden designer and author known for creating and describing the gardens named after her near Elmstead Market, Essex. She wrote several books about gardening under specific conditions and lectured on this in Britain, North America, Australia, the Netherlands and Germany. Her principle of placing the right plant in the right place drew on her husband Andrew Chatto's lifelong research into garden-plant origins.

## Biography

She was born Bessie Diana Little at Good Easter, Essex, to Bessie (née Styles) and William Little. She had a twin brother, Seley, to whom she remained close in adulthood. (Beth Chatto's Garden Notebook, October, p 278.) Her parents were themselves keen gardeners. She was educated at Colchester County High School for Girls before training as a teacher at Hockerill College, Bishop's Stortford. She adopted the name Beth in her twenties.

In the early 1940s, she met Andrew Chatto, a fruit farmer, namesake grandson of the founder of the publishing firm Chatto & Windus. Their shared love of plants helped to bring them together and they married in 1943. The couple lived in Braiswick, Colchester, where their two daughters, Diana and Mary, were born in 1946 and 1948. In 1960 they moved into the new White Barn House, built on the farm at Elmstead Market. At this time, they became friends with Sir Cedric Morris, who ran an art school at Dedham, Essex, attended by Francis Bacon and Lucian Freud. Chatto learned much of planting techniques from Morris, but his advice that she should move house if she wanted to create a truly great garden was less welcomed. With another friend, Pamela Underwood, Chatto became interested in flower arranging and the pair were founder members of the second flower arranging club in the country, in Colchester. From the late 1950s, Chatto was involved in the Flower Club movement.

From 1960, the Chattos worked on developing their gardens and in 1967 the nursery was opened. In 1978 Beth Chatto's first book, *The Dry Garden*, was published by J. M. Dent. She contributed to articles for the international and national press and appeared in international media. She worked with a team on developing the gardens and continued to inspect and approve their work until the day before she died, at the age of 94, on 13 May 2018. Her husband had pre-deceased her by almost 20 years, dying in 1999.

In her later years, Chatto commissioned Catherine Horwood to write about her life and her work. *Beth Chatto: A Life with Plants* was published in 2019 by Pimpernel Press.

## The Beth Chatto Gardens

Construction of the Beth Chatto Gardens at Elmstead Market, near Colchester, began in 1960. It was attached to the Chatto family home, on land that had previously been part of their fruit farm. It had not been farmed before, as the soil was considered too dry in places, too wet in others and the whole area had been allowed to grow wild with blackthorn, willow and brambles. The only plants to survive from the earliest days are the ancient boundary oaks surrounding the garden.

The Beth Chatto Gardens comprise a varied range of planting sites totalling 7 acres (2.8 ha), including dry, sun-baked gravel, water and marginal planting, woodland, shady, heavy clay and alpine planting. They now include the Gravel Garden, Woodland Garden, Water Garden, Long Shady Walk, Reservoir Garden (redesigned by the Head Gardener, Asa Gregers-Warg, and the Garden and Nursery Director, David Ward, with input from Chatto) and Scree Garden. The development of these sites prompted Chatto to write books on gardening about what could be considered as "problem areas", using plants that nature has developed to survive under differing conditions.

## Exhibitions

In January 1975 Chatto created a small winter garden at one of the Royal Horticultural Society Halls, London SW1. More exhibits followed and eventually the Beth Chatto Gardens "Unusual Plants" exhibition arrived at the Chelsea Flower Show. Her exhibits won ten consecutive Gold Medals there from 1977 to 1987, except that she did not exhibit in 1983. Exhibits by the Beth Chatto Gardens can still be seen at the Tendring Hundred Show in Essex.

## List of publications

Beth Chatto was the author of many gardening books, including an exchange of letters with her friend and fellow gardener and writer Christopher Lloyd:

* *The Dry Garden*. illustrated by Margaret Davies. J. M. Dent. 1978. ISBN 0-460-04317-X.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)
* *The Damp Garden*. illustrated by Margaret Davies. J. M. Dent. 1982. ISBN 0-460-04551-2.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)
* *Plant Portraits*. illustrated by Jill Coombs and Christine Grey-Wilson. J. M. Dent. 1985. ISBN 978-046-0-0460-08.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link) (out of print)
* *The Beth Chatto Garden Notebook*. Orion. 1988. ISBN 978-046-0-0473-57.
* *The Green Tapestry*. photographs by Ron Sutherland and Steven Wooster. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. 1990. ISBN 978-067-1-6703-68.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link) (out of print, rev. ed. *Beth Chatto's Green Tapestry: Perennial Plants for Your Garden*, London, England, HarperCollins, 1999)
* *Dear Friend and Gardener: letters exchanged between Beth Chatto and Christopher Lloyd*. Frances Lincoln. 1998. ISBN 978-071-1-2122-75.
* *Beth Chatto's Gravel Garden*. photographs by Steven Wooster. Frances Lincoln. 2000. ISBN 978-071-1-2142-55.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link) (reprinted in 2016 as *Drought-Resistant Planting*)
* *Beth Chatto's Woodland Garden:Shade-Loving Plants for Year-Round Interest*. photographs by Steven Wooster. Cassell. 2002. ISBN 978-030-4-3636-67.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)
* *The Damp Garden*. photographs by Steven Wooster. Cassell. 2005. ISBN 978-184-4-0304-53.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)
* *Beth Chatto's Shade Garden*. photographs by Steven Wooster. Pimpernel Press. 2017. ISBN 978-191-0-2582-24.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link) (previously *Beth Chatto's Woodland Garden*, 2008)

## Honours and awards

## Legacy

The Beth Chatto Education Trust was founded to engage all age groups with plants and gardens, and to take an ecological approach to them. The trust also sponsors the Beth Chatto Environmental Award, under the auspices of the Garden Media Guild.

The Society of Garden Designers has created a Beth Chatto Eco Garden Award to be assigned from 2020 onwards. It will focus on the ecological impact of garden designs.

## Other sources

* *The Beth Chatto Gardens Guide Book: Early Beginnings*
* Buchan, Ursula (18 November 2000). "Gravel allure". *The Spectator*. Retrieved 14 May 2018.

## InfoBox

| Beth ChattoOBE VMH | |
| --- | --- |
| Chatto in 2005 | |
| Born | Bessie Diana Little
(1923-06-27)27 June 1923
Good Easter, Essex, UK |
| Died | 13 May 2018(2018-05-13) (aged 94)
Elmstead Market, Essex, UK |
| Education | Colchester County High School for Girls
Hockerill College |
| Occupation(s) | Plantswoman, garden designer, author |
| Known for | Beth Chatto Gardens |


title: Risto Ristović

abstract: Risto Ristović is a Serbian footballer who plays as a midfielder.

text:
# Risto Ristović

**Risto Ristović** (Serbian Cyrillic: Ристо Ристовић; born 5 May 1988) is a Serbian footballer who plays as a midfielder.

## Career

Born in Valjevo, Ristović began his career playing for Mačva. He moved to OFK Beograd during the 2006–07 season. In the 2007–08 season he was on loaned to FK Vujić Valjevo. In 2008, Ristović moved to FK Banat Zrenjanin. In 2012, he moved to FK Novi Pazar playing in the Serbian Superliga.

In May 2015, Ristović solved his contract with Larissa in the Greek Football League.

In January 2017, Ristović went on trial with Tajik champions Istiklol.

On 21 June 2017, Ristović signed a one-year contract with Montenegrin champions Budućnost Podgorica.

## Career statistics

*As of 13 October 2017*

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | National Cup | | Continental | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Novi Pazar | 2012–13 | Serbian SuperLiga | 14 | 1 | 2 | 0 |  | | 16 | 1 |
| Baku | 2012–13 | Azerbaijan Premier League | 9 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 |
| | 2013–14 | | 23 | 3 | 2 | 1 |  | | 25 | 4 |
| | 2014–15 | | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 |  | | 13 | 1 |
| | Total | | 45 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 51 | 5 |
| Larissa | 2014–15 | Beta Ethniki | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | | 7 | 0 |
| Voždovac | 2015–16 | Serbian SuperLiga | 16 | 0 | 2 | 0 |  | | 18 | 0 |
| Okzhetpes | 2016 | Kazakhstan Premier League | 25 | 3 | 2 | 0 |  | | 27 | 3 |
| Zemun | 2016–17 | Serbian First League | 13 | 3 | 0 | 0 |  | | 13 | 3 |
| Budućnost Podgorica | 2017–18 | Montenegrin First League | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Career total | | | 123 | 11 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 136 | 12 |

## InfoBox

Risto Ristović
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1988-05-05) 5 May 1988 | | |
| Place of birth | Valjevo, Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia | | |
| Height | 1.74 m (5 ft 9 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2005–2006 | Mačva Šabac | 8 | (0) |
| 2007–2008 | OFK Beograd | 0 | (0) |
| 2007–2008 | → Vujić Valjevo (loan) | 26 | (3) |
| 2008–2012 | Banat Zrenjanin | 70 | (9) |
| 2012 | Novi Pazar | 14 | (1) |
| 2013–2014 | Baku | 45 | (4) |
| 2015 | Larissa | 7 | (0) |
| 2015 | Voždovac | 16 | (0) |
| 2016 | Okzhetpes | 25 | (3) |
| 2017 | Zemun | 13 | (3) |
| 2017 | Budućnost Podgorica | 3 | (0) |
| 2018–2019 | Radnik Surdulica | 49 | (2) |
| 2020 | Kolubara | 7 | (0) |
| 2021–2022 | Budućnost Krušik 2014 |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 9 November 2023 | | | |


title: Best of Gomo

abstract: Best of Gomo is the debut album by the Portuguese singer Gomo. It was released in 2004 in Portugal. The album spawned the two singles "Feeling Alive" and "I Wonder".

text:
# Best of Gomo

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| A Trompa |  |
| Disco Digital | (very favourable) |
| Edusurfa |  |
| Ípsilon | (very favourable) |
| Rascunho | favourable |

***Best of Gomo*** is the debut album by the Portuguese singer Gomo. It was released in 2004 in Portugal. The album spawned the two singles "Feeling Alive" and "I Wonder".

## Production

This disc, which includes the singles "Santa's depression" and "Feeling Alive" is an essential disc for all who call themselves lovers of good music. Was recorded, produced and mastered by Mário Barreiros and had different interests, especially that of Pedro Oliveira (Seventh Legion) who lent his voice after more than fifteen years without recording.

## Critical reception

Upon its release, the album met with favourable reviews, at Album Scores, it holds a score of 80 of 100, indicating generally favourable reviews.

## Singles

* "Santa's Depression"
* "Feeling Alive"
* "It's All Worth It"
* "I Wonder"

## Guest musicians

* Mário Barreiros - acoustic guitar track 1 - battery range 8, 9, 10, 11:12 - lower track 11
* Bruno Fiandeiro - keys range 2:05 - low band 3
* Carlos Gouveia - electric guitar a full
* Vasco Duarte - guitar track 6
* Gonçalo Catarino - low track 1, 4, 7, 8, 9 and 10
* Gonçalo Leonardo - violin and mandolin track 8
* Manuel Simoes - guitar track 8
* Pedro Oliveira - boice band 2

## Track listing

1. "Feeling Alive" (Gomo) \- 3:52
2. "I Wonder" (Gomo) \- 5:03
3. "Santa's Depression" (Gomo) \- 3:47
4. "Army Slave" (Gomo) \- 4:01
5. "Proud to Be Blad" (Gomo) \- 3:14
6. "November 6th" (Gomo) \- 4:30
7. "Can't Find You" (Gomo) \- 4:09
8. "You Never Came" (Gomo) \- 5:00
9. "Be Careful With The Train" (Gomo) \- 4:29
10. "It's All Worth It" (Gomo) \- 3:38
11. "Caught" (Gomo) \- 4:20
12. "You Might Ask" (Gomo) \- 4:03

## Personnel

* Mário Barreiros – acoustic guitar, producer, mastering, drums, bass
* Pedro Oliveira – vocals
* Mario Santos – saxophone
* Manuel Simões – guitar

## InfoBox

| Best of Gomo | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Gomo | |
| Released | 11 February 2004 (2004-02-11) |
| Recorded | 2003 |
| Genre | Indie rock |
| Length | 48:56 |
| Language | English |
| Label | Universal |
| Producer | Gomo
Mário Barreiros |
| Gomo chronology | |
| ***Best of Gomo***
(2004) *Nosy*
(2009) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Best of Gomo* | |
| 1. "Santa's Depression"
Released: December 2003 2. "Feeling Alive"
Released: April 2004 3. "It's All Worth It"
Released: September 2003 4. "I Wonder"
Released: February 2004 | |
|  | |


title: Robert B. Tabb

abstract: Robert Bruce Tabb was a doctor and state legislator in Virginia. He represented Norfolk County, Virginia, in the 1883-1884 session.

text:
# Robert B. Tabb

**Robert Bruce Tabb** (August 10, 1833 - November 12, 1906) was a doctor and state legislator in Virginia. He represented Norfolk County, Virginia, in the 1883-1884 session.

## Biography

He was born August 10, 1833, in Elizabeth City County, Virginia, to John and Mary Anne Veale Tabb. His mother died October 21, 1842, and his father died December 85, 1860. He was of Caucasian descent.

He graduated with an M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1855. He then started working as a doctor in Camden County, North Carolina

At the start of the American Civil War he enlisted with the *Bourrough's cavalry battalion* later joining the 15th Virginia Regiment and he was wounded and removed from active duty on November 10, 1862, but continued to serve as a doctor in the hospital.

He married Elizabeth Anne Warden April 25, 1861, who had been born in 1837 and died in 1891 and together they had several children.

After the war they moved to Norfolk County and he worked as both a doctor and a farmer.

He was elected to represent Norfolk County, Virginia, as a Democrat in 1883 and served in the Virginia House of Delegates in the 1883-1884 session, serving on the *Asylums and Prisons*, *Labor and the Poor* and *Retrenchment and the Economy* committees.

Tabb was offered the nomination to serve in the house of delegates again for Norfolk county in 1887 but declined due to "the force of circumstances, unnecessary to mention".

He also served on the Norfolk County School Board and was an elections judge for Indian Creek, Norfolk County.

He died November 12, 1906, after suffering a long illness at the house of his daughter Mrs Charles A. Stewart in Falls Church, Virginia. He was buried at Oak Hill Cemetery.


title: Road trip

abstract: A road trip, sometimes spelled roadtrip, is a long-distance journey traveled by automobile.

text:
# Road trip

A **road trip**, sometimes spelled **roadtrip**, is a long-distance journey traveled by automobile.

## History

### First road trips by automobile

The world's first recorded long-distance road trip by the automobile took place in Germany in August 1888 when Bertha Benz, the wife of Karl Benz, the inventor of the first patented motor car (the *Benz Patent-Motorwagen*), traveled from Mannheim to Pforzheim (a distance of 106 km (66 mi)) in the third experimental Benz motor car (which had a maximum speed of 10 kilometres per hour (6.2 mph)) and back, with her two teenage sons Richard and Eugen, but without the consent and knowledge of her husband.

Her official reason was that she wanted to visit her mother. But unofficially, she intended to generate publicity for her husband's invention (which had only been used on short test drives before), which succeeded as the automobile took off greatly afterward and, the Benz's family business eventually evolved into the present-day Mercedes-Benz company.

Presently there is a dedicated signposted scenic route in Baden-Württemberg called the Bertha Benz Memorial Route to commemorate her historic first road trip.

### Early road trips in North America

The first successful North American transcontinental trip by automobile took place in 1903 and was piloted by H. Nelson Jackson and Sewall K. Crocker, accompanied by a dog named Bud. The trip was completed using a 1903 Winton Touring Car, dubbed "Vermont" by Jackson. The trip took 63 days between San Francisco and New York, costing US$8,000. The total cost included items such as food, gasoline, lodging, tires, parts, other supplies, and the cost of the Winton.

The Ocean to Ocean Automobile Endurance Contest was a road trip from New York City to Seattle in June, 1909. The winning car took 23 days to complete the trip.

The first woman to cross the American landscape by car was Alice Huyler Ramsey with three female passengers in 1909. Ramsey left from Hell's Gate in Manhattan, New York and traveled 59 days to San Francisco, California. Ramsey was followed in 1910 by Blanche Stuart Scott, who is often mistakenly cited as the first woman to make the cross-country journey by automobile East-to-West (but was a true pioneer in aviation).

The 1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy was a road trip by approximately 300 United States Army personnel from Washington, DC to San Francisco. Dwight Eisenhower was a participant. 81 vehicles began the trip which took 62 days to complete, overcoming numerous mechanical and road condition problems. Eisenhower's report about this trip led to an understanding that improving cross-country highways was important to national security and economic development.

### Expansion of highways in the United States

New highways in the early 20th century helped propel automobile travel in the United States, primarily cross-country. Commissioned in 1926 and completely paved near the end of the 1930s, U.S. Route 66 is a living icon of early modern road-tripping.

Motorists ventured cross-country for holidays as well as migrating to California and other locations. The modern American road trip began to take shape in the late 1930s and into the 1940s, ushering in an era of a nation on the move.

The 1950s saw the rapid growth of ownership of automobiles by American families. The automobile, now a trusted mode of transportation, was being widely used for not only commuting but leisure trips as well.

As a result of this new vacation-by-road style, many businesses began to cater to road-weary travelers. More reliable vehicles and services made long-distance road trips easier for families, as the length of time required to cross the continent was reduced from months to days. The average family can travel to destinations across North America in one week. For example, Maryland journalist Kevin James Shay drove his two kids, Preston and McKenna, across the United States and back in roughly two weeks in 2013, visiting the Grand Canyon, Mount Rushmore, and other top attractions during the 6,950-mile trip.

The biggest change to the American road trip was the start and subsequent expansion of the Interstate Highway System. The higher speeds and controlled access nature of the Interstate allowed for greater distances to be traveled in less time and with improved safety as highways became divided.

Travelers from European countries, Australia, and elsewhere soon came to the United States to take part in the American ideal of a road trip. Canadians also engaged in road trips taking advantage of the large size of their nation and close proximity to destinations in the United States.

Some took to the road for years. After their home in Pasadena, California, was destroyed in a wildfire in 1993, Megan Edwards and Mark Sedenquist lived in a custom-built motorhome they called the Phoenix One for six years. They later settled in Las Vegas and started a website, RoadTripAmerica.com, to network with other road-trip advocates.

Others began to see how fast they could reach all 48 states in the Contiguous United States. Texas insurance agent Jay Lowe and two associates set the record in 1994 of just under five days, and they were mentioned in the Guinness Book of Records. After others beat that time, Lowe and his partners again eclipsed the record in 2019, driving 6,619 miles through the 48 states in just under four days.

## Possible motivations

Many people may go on road trips for recreational purpose (e.g. sightseeing or to reach a desired location, typically during a vacation period; e.g., in the US, driving to Disneyland from Oregon). Other motivations for long-distance travel by automobile include visitation of friends and relatives, who may live far away, or relocation of one's permanent living space.

In a January 2022 survey conducted by OnePoll, 2,000 American drivers were polled. The results revealed that, on average, individuals have embarked on approximately seven road trips throughout their lives. Over 78% of Americans have reported discovering special destinations such as restaurants (46%), historic locations (40%), and roadside attractions (38%), during their journeys that might have gone unnoticed if they had chosen an alternative mode of travel. Respondents also highlighted the additional benefits of road tripping, such as quality bonding time with family and friends (51%), the flexibility to make stops (48%), and the financial savings associated with this more economical method of travel (46%).

**Literature**

**Photography**

* In *The Open Road: Photography & the American Road Trip* (2014), the photography writer David Campany introduces the photographic road trip as a genre, the first book to do so.
* Robert Frank, *The Americans* (1958) – Sean O'Hagan, writing in *The Guardian,* about the inclusion of *The Americans* as the starting point in Campany's *The Open Road: Photography & the American Road Trip,* said "Swiss-born Frank set out with his Guggenheim Grant to do something new and unconstrained by commercial diktat. He aimed to photograph America as it unfolded before his somewhat sombre outsider’s eye.
* Ed Ruscha, *Twentysix Gasoline Stations* (1963)
* Stephen Shore, *Uncommon Places* (1982) and *American Surfaces* (1999)

**Films**

Many movies and other forms of media have been made that focus on the topic of road trips, including the namesake. Many tend to be comedic, although road movies such as *Easy Rider* and *Thelma and Louise* exemplify the American dream.

**Music**

### Tourism


title: Road Trips Volume 4 Number 4

abstract: Road Trips Volume 4 Number 4 is a live album by the rock band the Grateful Dead. Subtitled Spectrum 4–6–82, it includes the complete concert recorded on April 6, 1982, at the Spectrum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It also includes seven songs recorded the previous night at the same venue. The 16th of the Road Trips series of archival albums, it was released as a three-disc CD on August 1, 2011. At the time, this was only the second live Dead album release that had been recorded in 1982; the other being Dick's Picks Volume 32. The year 2016 saw the release of the show from July 31 as part of the 30 Trips Around the Sun boxset. Two further shows were released in 2022 as part of the In and Out of the Garden: Madison Square Garden '81, '82, '83 boxset. As of 2024 these are the only shows released from this year.

text:
# Road Trips Volume 4 Number 4

***Road Trips Volume 4 Number 4*** is a live album by the rock band the Grateful Dead. Subtitled *Spectrum 4–6–82*, it includes the complete concert recorded on April 6, 1982, at the Spectrum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It also includes seven songs recorded the previous night at the same venue. The 16th of the *Road Trips* series of archival albums, it was released as a three-disc CD on August 1, 2011.

At the time, this was only the second live Dead album release that had been recorded in 1982; the other being *Dick's Picks Volume 32*. The year 2016 saw the release of the show from July 31 as part of the *30 Trips Around the Sun* boxset. Two further shows (September 21 and 22) were released in 2022 as part of the *In and Out of the Garden: Madison Square Garden '81, '82, '83* boxset. As of 2024 these are the only shows released from this year.

## Critical reception

In *Relix*, Glenn BurnSilver wrote, "At the core of this latest *Road Trips* offering comes a well-known and revered concert: Philadelphia Spectrum, April 6, 1982. From the opening notes of a bustling "Cold Rain and Snow," it's clear that the band is in synch with a dynamic energy and flow that only escalates as the night lengthens and the set list intensifies. It's as if Bob Weir and Jerry Garcia attempt to progressively one up each other with every number.... The one disappointment here (and on other *Road Trips* ) is filler placement on disc two... Wouldn't it have worked better to keep the main show going through disc two... and put all the filler at the end of disc three?"

## Track listing

### Disc one

*April 6 – First set:* 1. "Cold Rain and Snow" (traditional, arranged by Grateful Dead) – 6:05 \>
2. "Promised Land" (Chuck Berry) – 5:22
3. "Candyman" (Jerry Garcia, Robert Hunter) – 6:28
4. "C.C. Rider" (traditional, arranged by Grateful Dead) – 8:49
5. "Brown-Eyed Women" (Garcia, Hunter) – 5:36
6. "Mama Tried" (Merle Haggard) – 2:24 \>
7. "Mexicali Blues" (Bob Weir, John Barlow) – 4:50
8. "Big Railroad Blues" (Noah Lewis) – 4:01
9. "Looks Like Rain" (Weir, Barlow) – 8:50
10. "Jack-A-Roe" (traditional, arranged by Grateful Dead) – 4:55
11. "It's All Over Now" (Bobby Womack, Shirley Womack) – 6:59
12. "Might As Well" (Garcia, Hunter) – 4:24

### Disc two

*April 6 – Second set:* 1. "Shakedown Street" (Garcia, Hunter) – 13:16 \>
2. "Lost Sailor" (Weir, Barlow) - 6:20 \>
3. "Saint of Circumstance" (Weir, Barlow) - 6:32 \>
4. "Terrapin Station" (Garcia, Hunter) - 11:58 \>
5. "Rhythm Devils" (Mickey Hart, Bill Kreutzmann) – 12:07 \>
6. "Space" (Garcia, Phil Lesh, Weir) – 8:49 \>
*April 5 – First set:* 7. "Deep Elem Blues" (traditional, arranged by Grateful Dead) - 6:02
8. "Althea" (Garcia, Hunter) – 8:26
9. "Man Smart, Woman Smarter" (Norman Span) - 5:51

### Disc three

*April 6 – Second set:* 1. "Truckin' " (Garcia, Lesh, Weir, Hunter) – 6:42 \>
2. "The Other One" (Weir, Kreutzmann) – 2:11 \>
3. "Morning Dew" (Bonnie Dobson, Tim Rose) – 12:09 \>
4. "Sugar Magnolia" (Weir, Hunter) – 8:52
*April 6 – Encore:* 5. "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue" (Bob Dylan) – 7:30
*April 5 – Second set:* 6. "Bertha" (Garcia, Hunter) – 6:44
7. "Playing in the Band" (Weir, Hart, Hunter) – 12:24 \>
8. "Ship of Fools" (Garcia, Hunter) – 7:46 \>
9. "Playing in the Band" (Weir, Hart, Hunter) – 10:06

## Personnel

### Grateful Dead

### Production

* Produced for release by David Lemieux and Blair Jackson
* CD mastering by David Glasser at Airshow Mastering, Boulder, CO
* Recorded by Dan Healy
* Cover art by Scott McDougall
* Photos by Michael Mendelson and Bob Minkin
* Package design by Steve Vance
* Liner notes essay "Don't Tell Me This Town Ain't Got No Heart!" by Blair Jackson

## Set lists

Following are the full set lists from the April 5 and 6, 1982 concerts at the Spectrum.

**Monday, April 5**

**Tuesday, April 6**

* Included in *Road Trips Volume 4 Number 4*

## InfoBox

| Road Trips Volume 4 Number 4 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Grateful Dead | |
| Released | August 1, 2011 |
| Recorded | April 6, 1982 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 222:42 (3:42:42) |
| Label | Rhino |
| Producer | Grateful Dead |
| Grateful Dead chronology | |
| *Road Trips Volume 4 Number 3*
(2011) ***Road Trips Volume 4 Number 4***
(2011) *Europe '72: The Complete Recordings*
(2011) | |


title: Road Warrior (EP)

abstract: Road Warrior is a limited 7" vinyl released by Black Tide in 2008. It features a live recording of the song "Warriors of Time" from their debut album Light from Above on the B-side and a cover of Iron Maiden's "Prowler". "Prowler" was originally released on the Kerrang! compilation Maiden Heaven Iron Maiden tribute CD as well as the band's CD single for the song "Shout". The cover is a scene from the music video for "Shockwave". It was the last release to feature rhythm guitarist Alex Nuñez. This EP is also available on iTunes, but as two separate singles. The physical 7" version was strictly a limited edition collector's item for fans.

text:
# Road Warrior (EP)

***Road Warrior*** is a limited 7" vinyl released by Black Tide in 2008. It features a live recording of the song "Warriors of Time" from their debut album *Light from Above* on the B-side and a cover of Iron Maiden's "Prowler". "Prowler" was originally released on the *Kerrang!* compilation *Maiden Heaven* Iron Maiden tribute CD as well as the band's CD single for the song "Shout". The cover is a scene from the music video for "Shockwave". It was the last release to feature rhythm guitarist Alex Nuñez.

This EP is also available on iTunes, but as two separate singles. The physical 7" version was strictly a limited edition collector's item for fans.

## Track listing

Side A
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Warriors of Time (Live)" | Gabriel Garcia | 4:59 |

Side B
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2. | "Prowler (Iron Maiden cover)" | Steve Harris | 3:53 |
| Total length: | | | 8:37 |

## Personnel

* Gabriel Garcia: vocals, lead guitar
* Alex Nuñez: rhythm guitar, backing vocals
* Zakk Sandler: bass, backing vocals
* Steven Spence: drums, percussion

## InfoBox

| Road Warrior | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Black Tide | |
| Released | 2008 |
| Genre | Heavy metal |
| Length | 8:37 |
| Label | Interscope |
| Black Tide chronology | |
| *Light from Above*
(2008) ***Road Warrior***
(2008) *Al Ciero EP*
(2011) | |


title: Beryl Rawson

abstract: Beryl Rawson was an Australian academic. She was Professor and Visiting Fellow in Classics at the Faculty of Arts of the Australian National University (ANU). Her work "made ANU a significant centre for classical studies".

text:
# Beryl Rawson

**Beryl Rawson** FAHA (née **Wilkinson**; 24 July 1933 – 22 October 2010) was an Australian academic. She was Professor and Visiting Fellow in Classics at the Faculty of Arts of the Australian National University (ANU). Her work "made ANU a significant centre for classical studies".

## Early life and education

Rawson was born in Innisfail, Queensland, and grew up in a small town nearby where her father was the schoolteacher. She won a full state government scholarship to the University of Queensland, where she excelled in classics and graduated with first-class honours. She accepted a Fulbright Scholarship to the United States and completed a doctorate at Bryn Mawr College, under Lily Ross Taylor.

## Academia

Her career at the Australian National University began in 1964, when she was appointed senior lecturer in classics. She served as Dean of the Faculty of the Arts from 1981 to 1986 and in 1989 was appointed Professor of Classics, retiring in 1998.

As well as her academic duties, Rawson won five research grants between 1979 and 1991 and served on the Australian Vice-Chancellors' Committee and the Australian Research Council. She was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 2006. The administrative offices of the College of Arts and Social Sciences at ANU was named after her following her death.

On 13 December 2010, Vice-Chancellor of ANU, Professor Ian Chubb officially recognised the naming of the Beryl Rawson Building in her honour.

## Publications

In the late 1970s she began using computers to analyse "the mass of funerary inscriptions commemorating slaves and freedmen, their spouses and children" and to better understand the lives of the lower classes in the early Roman Empire. She organised a number of conferences in Canberra on the Roman family (1981, 1988, 1994) and published collected papers resulting from these which included her own contributions, such as *Children and childhood in Roman Italy* (2003) and *A companion to families in the Greek and Roman worlds* (2010).

## Personal life

Rawson's first marriage was to political scientist Don Rawson, the son of politician Roy Rawson. They later divorced and she remarried in 1983 to historian A. W. Martin. She was widowed in 2002.

## InfoBox

| Beryl RawsonFAHA | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Beryl Marie Wilkinson
(1933-07-24)24 July 1933
Innisfail, Queensland, Australia |
| Died | 22 October 2010(2010-10-22) (aged 77) |
| Spouses | * Don Rawson *   A. W. Martin (m. 19832002) |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | University of Queensland
Bryn Mawr College |
| Doctoral advisor | Lily Ross Taylor |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Classics |
| Institutions | Australian National University |
|  | |


title: Beta Circini

abstract: Beta Circini, Latinized from β Circini, is an A-type main sequence star and is the second-brightest star in the constellation of Circinus. It has an apparent visual magnitude of approximately 4.069, which is bright enough to be viewed with the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 35.17 mas as seen from the Earth, it is located about 93 light years from the Sun. With a stellar classification of A3 Va, this is an main-sequence star fusing atoms of hydrogen into helium at its core. It is between 370 and 500 million years old with around 1.9 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 19 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 8,676 K. It has one known sub-stellar companion.

text:
# Beta Circini

**Beta Circini**, Latinized from **β Circini**, is an A-type main sequence star and is the second-brightest star in the constellation of Circinus. It has an apparent visual magnitude of approximately 4.069, which is bright enough to be viewed with the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 35.17 mas as seen from the Earth, it is located about 93 light years from the Sun.

With a stellar classification of A3 Va, this is an main-sequence star fusing atoms of hydrogen into helium at its core. It is between 370 and 500 million years old with around 1.9 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 19 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 8,676 K. It has one known sub-stellar companion.

## Substellar companion

**Beta Circini b** is a distant brown dwarf companion orbiting the host star at a distance of 6,656 AU. It was detected as a proper motion companion to Beta Circini in 2015 by L.C. Smith and collaborators. Using BHAC15 isochrones, its mass is estimated at 0.056 , or 59 MJ. It has a stellar classification of L1 and a temperature of 2,084  (1,811 °C).

The β Circini planetary system
| Companion
(in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis
(AU) | Orbital period
(days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **b** | 58.7±7.3 MJ | 6,656 |  |  |  |  |

## InfoBox

β Circini
| Location of β Circini (circled) | |
| --- | --- |
| Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 | |
| Constellation | Circinus |
|
| Right ascension | 15h 17m 30.8488s |
| Declination | −58° 48 04.3384 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 4.069 |
| Characteristics | |
|
| Spectral type | A3 Va |
|
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| U−B color index | +0.09 |
| B−V color index | +0.09 |
|
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| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | 9.6 ± 2 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: −96.742±0.491 mas/yr
Dec.: −136.541±0.621 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 35.1736 ± 0.4253 mas |
| **Distance** | 93 ± 1 ly
(28.4 ± 0.3 pc) |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | +1.64 |
|  | |
| Details | |
|  | |
| **Mass** | 1.96+0.03
−0.01 |
| **Radius** | 1.92 |
| **Luminosity** | 19 |
| **Surface gravity (log *g*)** | 4.281 cgs |
| **Temperature** | 8676±33 |
| **Metallicity** \[Fe/H\] | 0.16 dex |
| **Rotational velocity (*v* sin *i*)** | 59 km/s |
| **Age** | 370–500 Myr |
|  | |
| Other designations | |
| β Cir, Beta Circini, Beta Cir, CPD−58 5875, FK5 561, GC 20526, GJ 580.1, GJ 9516, HD 135379, HIP 74824, HR 5670, PPM 343590, SAO 242384. | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: Beta Cephei variable

abstract: Beta Cephei variables, also known as Beta Canis Majoris stars, are variable stars that exhibit small rapid variations in their brightness due to pulsations of the stars' surfaces, thought due to the unusual properties of iron at temperatures of 200,000 K in their interiors. These stars are usually hot blue-white stars of spectral class B and should not be confused with Cepheid variables, which are named after Delta Cephei and are luminous supergiant stars.

text:
# Beta Cephei variable

**Beta Cephei variables**, also known as **Beta Canis Majoris stars**, are variable stars that exhibit small rapid variations in their brightness due to pulsations of the stars' surfaces, thought due to the unusual properties of iron at temperatures of 200,000  in their interiors. These stars are usually hot blue-white stars of spectral class B and should not be confused with Cepheid variables, which are named after Delta Cephei and are luminous supergiant stars.

## Properties

Beta Cephei variables are somewhat evolved stars of masses between about 7 and 20 M$\_{\odot }$ (that is, 7–20 times as massive as the Sun). Among their number are some of the brightest stars in the sky, such as Beta Crucis and Beta Centauri; Spica is also classified as a Beta Cephei variable but mysteriously stopped pulsating in 1970. Typically, they change in brightness by 0.01 to 0.3 magnitudes with periods of 0.1 to 0.3 days (2.4–7.2 hours). The prototype of these variable stars, Beta Cephei, shows variation in apparent magnitude from +3.16 to +3.27 with a period of 4.57 hours. The point of maximum brightness occurs when the star is smallest and hottest. Their variation in brightness is much greater—up to 1 magnitude—in ultraviolet wavelengths. A small number of stars have been identified with periods shorter than one hour, corresponding to 1/4 of the fundamental radial pulsation period and 3/8 of the fundamental period. They also have relatively low amplitudes and a very narrow range of spectral types B2-3 IV-V. They are known as the short period group and the GCVS acronym BCEPS.

The pulsations of Beta Cephei variables are driven by the kappa mechanism and p-mode pulsations. At a depth within the star where the temperature reaches 200,000 K, there is an abundance of iron. Iron at these temperatures will increase (rather than decrease) in opacity, resulting in the buildup of energy within the layer. This results in increased pressure that pushes the layer back out again, the cycle repeating itself in a matter of hours. This is known as the Fe bump or Z bump (Z standing for the star's metallicity). The similar slowly pulsating B stars show g-mode pulsations driven by the same iron opacity changes, but in less massive stars and with longer periods.

## History of observations

American astronomer Edwin Brant Frost discovered the variation in radial velocity of Beta Cephei in 1902, initially concluding it was a spectroscopic binary. Paul Guthnick was the first to detect a variation in brightness, in 1913. Beta Canis Majoris and Sigma Scorpii were found to be variable not long afterwards, Vesto Slipher noted in 1904 that Sigma Scorpii's radial velocity was variable, and R.D. Levee and Otto Struve concluded this was due to the star's pulsations in 1952 and 1955 respectively. These variables were often called Beta Canis Majoris variables because Beta Canis Majoris was the most closely studied example in the first half of the 20th century, though its location in the southern sky meant that its lowness in the sky hampered observations. However, Beta Cephei was the first member of the class to be discovered and so they are generally called Beta Cephei variables—despite the similarity of name (and risk of confusion) with Cepheid variables.

Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin and Sergei Gaposchkin catalogued 17 probable members of the class in their 1938 *Variable Stars*, though classified them with Delta Scuti variables. 16 Lacertae was another star extensively studied before 1952. The number known jumped from 18 to 41 in 1966. Otto Struve studied these stars extensively in the 1950s, however research declined after his death.

Christiaan L. Sterken and Mikolaj Jerzykiewicz classed 59 stars as definite and 79 more as suspected Beta Cephei variables in 1993. Stankov listed 93 members of the class in a 2005 catalogue, plus 77 candidates and 61 poor or rejected stars. Six stars, namely Iota Herculis, 53 Piscium, Nu Eridani, Gamma Pegasi, HD 13745 (V354 Persei) and 53 Arietis had been found to exhibit both Beta Cephei and SPB variability.

In 2021 β Cru became the first star of any kind to have its pulsation modes identified using polarimetric asteroseismology.

### List of Beta Cephei variables

| Designation (name) | Constellation | Discovery | Maximum Apparent magnitude (mV) | Minimum Apparent magnitude (mV) | Period (hours) | Spectral class | Comment |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| β CMa | Canis Major | 1909 (William Wallace Campbell) | 1m.93 | 2m.00 | 6.031 | B1II-III | Pulsations of 6.03, 6.00, and 4.74 hours. |
|
| ξ1 CMa | Canis Major |  | 4m.33 | 4m.36 | 5.030 | B0.5IV |  |
| 15 CMa | Canis Major |  | 4m.79 | 4m.84 | 4.429 | B1III-IV |  |
| V376 Car | Carina |  | 4m.91 | 4m.96 | 0.4992 | B2IV-V | BCEPS star |
| V372 Car | Carina |  | 5m.70 |  | 2.78 | B2III |  |
| β Cen | Centaurus |  | 0m.61 |  | 3.768 | B1II |  |
| ε Cen | Centaurus |  | 2m.29 | 2m.31 | 4.070 | B1V |  |
| κ Cen | Centaurus |  | 3m.13 | 3m.14 | 2.288 | B2IV |  |
| χ Cen | Centaurus |  | 4m.40 |  | 0.84 | B2V | BCEPS star |
| β Cep | Cepheus | 1902 (Edwin Brant Frost) | 3m.16 | 3m.27 | 4.572 | B2IIIe | Prototype |
| δ Cet | Cetus |  | 4m.05 | 4m.1 | 3.867 | B2IV |  |
| β Cru | Crux |  | 1m.23 | 1m.31 | 4.589 | B0.5IV |  |
| δ Cru | Crux |  | 2m.78 | 2m.84 | 3.625 | B2IV |  |
| ω1 Cyg | Cygnus |  | 4m.94 |  |  | B2.5IV | confirmed on hi res spectroscopy. |
| ν Eri | Eridanus |  | 3m.87 | 4m.01 | 4.164 | B2III | Multiperiodic; also a slowly pulsating B star |
| 12 Lac | Lacerta |  | 5m.16 | 5m.28 | 4.634 | B1.5III | Also a slowly pulsating B star |
| 16 Lac | Lacerta |  | 5m.30 (B) | 5m.52 (B) | 4.109 | B2IV |  |
| α Lup | Lupus | 1956 (Bernard Pagel) | 2m.29 | 2m.34 | 6.235 | B1.5III |  |
| δ Lup | Lupus |  | 3m.20 | 3m.24 | 3.972 | B2IV |  |
| ε Lup | Lupus |  | 3m.36 | 3m.38 | 2.316 | B2IV + B3V | Triple star system; primary is a spectroscopic binary |
| ι Lup | Lupus |  | 3m.54 | 3m.3.55 |  | B2.5IV | not recorded as BCEP since 1997 |
| τ1 Lup | Lupus |  | 4m.54 | 4m.58 | 4.257 | B2IV |  |
| 19 Mon | Monoceros |  | 4m.96 | 5m.01 | 4.589 | B1IV-Vea |  |
| α Mus | Musca |  | 2m.68 | 2m.73 | 2.167 | B2IV-V | initially questionable, confirmed on hi res spectroscopy. |
| θ Oph | Ophiuchus |  | 3m.25 | 3m.31 | 3.373 | B2IV |  |
| η Ori | Orion |  | 3m.31 | 3m.35 | 7.247 | B0.5Vea + B3V | Quadruple star; also an Algol variable; component Ab is the pulsating star |
| γ Peg | Pegasus | 1953 (D. Harold McNamara) | 2m.78 | 2m.89 | 3.643 | B2IV | Also a slowly pulsating B star |
| ε Per | Perseus |  | 2m.88 | 3m.00 | 3.847 | B0.5V |  |
| PT Pup | Puppis |  | 5m.72 | 5m.74 | 3.908 | B2III |  |
| λ Sco | Scorpius |  | 1m.59 | 1m.65 | 5.129 | B1.5IV + PMS + B2IV | Triple system; also an Algol variable |
| κ Sco | Scorpius |  | 2m.41 | 2m.42 | 4.795 | B1.5III |  |
| σ Sco | Scorpius | 1904 (Vesto Slipher) | 2m.86 | 2m.94 | 5.923 | B1III | Quadruple system |
| Spica | Virgo |  | 0m.85 | 1m.05 | 6.520 | B1IV | Brightness variations stopped in 1970 |
| BW Vul | Vulpecula |  | 6m.44 | 6m.68 | 4.8 | B2IIIv | Beta Cephei variable with largest change in radial velocity |
|

### List of former, excluded or candidate Beta Cephei variables

| Designation (name) | Constellation | Discovery | Maximum Apparent magnitude (mV) | Minimum Apparent magnitude (mV) | Period (hours) | Spectral class | Comment |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ι CMa | Canis Major |  | 4m.36 | 4m.40 | 33.6 | B3Ib/II | Not considered a β Cep variable |
| FN CMa | Canis Major |  | 5m.38 | 5m.42 | 36.7 | B0.5IV | No longer considered a β Cep variable |
| χ Car | Carina |  | 3m.46 |  | 2.42 | B2IV | Not considered a β Cep variable |
| V343 Car | Carina |  | 4m.30 |  | 57.11 | B1.5III | Not considered a β Cep variable |
| ζ Cha | Chamaeleon |  | 5m.06 | 5m.17 | 25.91 | B5V | considered as a SBP as of 2011 |
| λ Cru | Crux |  | 4m.60 | 4m.64 | 9.482 | B4Vne | Not considered a β Cep variable |
| θ2 Cru | Crux |  | 4m.70 | 4m.74 | 2.134 | B2IV | Not considered a β Cep variable |
| 25 Cyg | Cygnus |  | 5m.09 | 5m.21 | 5.04 | B3IVe | γ Cas variable, not considered a β Cep variable |
| ι Her | Hercules |  | 2m.93 |  |  | B3IV | No longer classed as Beta Cephei type |
| η Hya | Hydra |  | 4m.27 | 4m.33 | ~4 | B3V | No longer classed as Beta Cephei type |
| NW Pup | Puppis |  | 5m.04 | 5m.18 | 3.00 | B3Vea | Also a rotating ellipsoidal variable, not considered a β Cep variable |
| α Pyx | Pyxis |  | 3m.67 | 3m.70 |  | B1.5III | Candidate β Cephei variable |
| Merope | Taurus |  | 4m.17 | 4m.19 |  | B6IVe | B(e) star, not Beta Cephei type |
| IS Vel | Vela |  | 5m.23 |  | 2.592 | B1IVn | Candidate β Cephei variable |
| HR 3440
(HW Vel) | Vela |  | 5m.46 | 5m.52 | 6.275 | B6V | Candidate β Cephei variable |
| 2 Vul | Vulpecula |  | 5m.36 | 5m.48 | 14.63 | O8IV-B0.5IVeV | B(e) star, not Beta Cephei type |
|


title: RjDj

abstract: RjDj was a startup founded in late 2008 by last.fm co-founder Michael Breidenbruecker. The company was based in London and was run by a small team of four employees. Its mission was to create sonic experiences specifically designed for the latest generation of personal music players. RjDj produced and distributed a network of mobile applications and sold additional musical content within this network. RjDj developed a new genre of music that it called reactive music, a non-linear form of music that was able to react to the listener and their environment in real-time. Reactive music is closely connected to generative music, interactive music, and augmented reality. Similar to music in video games, that is changed by specific events happening in the game, reactive music is affected by events occurring in the real life of the listener. Reactive music adapts to a listener and their environment by using built-in sensors in mobile media players. The main difference to generative music is that listeners are part of the creative process, co-creating the music with the composer. Reactive music is also able to augment and manipulate the listeners real-world auditory environment. What is distributed in reactive music is not the music itself, but software that generates the music. Applications made by RjDj were available on Apple’s iOS platform. The technology behind it was based on the Pure Data digital signal processing framework. Reactive music pieces, so called Scenes, could be made using rjlib, which is an open source library of useful software building blocks to construct reactive music. RjDj closed its website and removed its apps from circulation in 2013.

text:
# RjDj

**RjDj** (Reality Jockey Ltd.) was a startup founded in late 2008 by last.fm co-founder Michael Breidenbruecker. The company was based in London and was run by a small team of four employees. Its mission was to create sonic experiences specifically designed for the latest generation of personal music players. RjDj produced and distributed a network of mobile applications and sold additional musical content within this network.

RjDj developed a new genre of music that it called reactive music, a non-linear form of music that was able to react to the listener and their environment in real-time. Reactive music is closely connected to generative music, interactive music, and augmented reality. Similar to music in video games, that is changed by specific events happening in the game, reactive music is affected by events occurring in the real life of the listener. Reactive music adapts to a listener and their environment by using built-in sensors (e.g. camera, microphone, accelerometer, touch-screen and GPS) in mobile media players. The main difference to generative music is that listeners are part of the creative process, co-creating the music with the composer. Reactive music is also able to augment and manipulate the listeners real-world auditory environment.

What is distributed in reactive music is not the music itself, but software that generates the music. Applications made by RjDj were available on Apple’s iOS platform. The technology behind it was based on the Pure Data (or Pd) digital signal processing framework. Reactive music pieces, so called *Scenes*, could be made using rjlib, which is an open source library of useful software building blocks to construct reactive music.

RjDj closed its website and removed its apps from circulation in 2013.

## Apps Developed

* RjDj
* RjDj Shake
* Love by Air
* Inception – The App
* Kids on DSP – reactive minimal techno
* Little Boots – Reactive Remixer
* Dimensions – The Game
* Rj Voyager
* MusicZones
* Trippy
* Dark Night Rises Z+
* The app formerly known as H _ _ r

## Artists who have released music as RjDj apps

## YouTube videos

* – Dimensions – from the makers of Inception The App
* – Hans Zimmer about Inception The App
* – Inception The App – Sleep Dream Review
* – RjDj Rj Voyager featuring Booka Shade
* – Little Boots Reactive Remixer iPhone app tutorial

## InfoBox

RjDj
| Company type | Private |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Video games
Computer software |
| Founded | London, U.K. (2008 (2008)) |
| Founder | Michael Breidenbruecker |
| Headquarters | London, U.K. |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Michael Breidenbruecker
(CEO and founder)
Robert Thomas
(Chief Creative Officer)
Christian Haudum
(CTO) |
| Products | * "Inception The App" * "Dark Knight Rises Z+" * "Dimensions The Game" * "Rj Voyager" |
| Number of employees | 4 |
| Website | rjdj.me |


title: Robert C. Kettler

abstract: Robert Charles Kettler is an American real estate developer and founder of the Washington D.C. area development company Kettler.

text:
# Robert C. Kettler

**Robert Charles Kettler** (born 1952) is an American real estate developer and founder of the Washington D.C. area development company Kettler.

## Biography

Coming from a long line of real estate developers, Kettler has been around the real estate business his entire life. Kettler's father and uncle were successful home builders in the 1950s and 1960s, and his grandfather developed apartments in the 1920s. Kettler got his start in real estate remodeling apartments while still a student at George Washington University in 1974. He quickly worked his way up to large projects and co-founded Kettler & Scott, Inc. as the majority owner in 1977. The firm was later renamed "KSI Services," and then as the company's prominence grew, the name became "Kettler."

Kettler's career started to take off in the mid-1980s. His first large-scale project - a 3,000 home community in western Fairfax County - helped Kettler discover his talent for planning large-scale, multi-use properties. Kettler has developed many of the largest planned communities in the Washington D.C. Metro Area, large mixed-use commercial properties and several country clubs/golf courses. Developments include over 25 planned communities and more than 46,000 homes, including the 6,050-home community Cascades in Loudoun County, Virginia; the 2,434-home community Piedmont in Prince William County, Virginia; and the 2,600-home community Lorton Station in Fairfax County, Virginia. The company has developed more than 5 million square feet of mixed-used commercial space, including the 1.2-million-square-foot Trinity Centre mixed-use office park in Fairfax County, Virginia, and the 1.3-million-square-foot Village at Leesburg Town Center in Loudon County, Virginia. The company currently has 4.3 million square feet of commercial space development in the pipeline. Among his most notable projects are Lowes Island Club in Loudoun County and the Piedmont Golf Club in Prince William County.

In addition to planned communities, Kettler has developed some of the region's most successful multifamily communities, including national award-winners The Metropolitan at Pentagon City, The Metropolitan at Reston Town Center, Midtown Reston Town Center and The Millennium at Metropolitan Park. The company has developed more than 15,400 apartments and condominiums within 65 communities. Over the last five years Kettler's condominium communities in North Bethesda, Maryland, and Reston, Arlington and Alexandria, Virginia, were the Washington, DC Metropolitan area's top selling projects with gross sales in excess of $700 million. Additionally, Kettler is the largest developer of affordable housing in the Washington, DC, Metropolitan area. The company has a portfolio of 33 properties with over 6,500 bond-financed apartments that are owned and operated by Kettler.

Kettler has five multifamily projects in development, consisting of nearly 1,700 apartments in Washington, D.C., Columbia Town Center, Maryland, and Pentagon City, Crystal City and Tysons Corner, Virginia. In 2012 Kettler will break ground on two luxury high-rise apartment buildings. The Acadia at Metropolitan Park will mark the final phase of Kettler's Metropolitan Park project in Pentagon City, Virginia, with a 411 unit, high-end apartment building. A mixed-use residential development at 450 K Street in Washington, D.C., will feature 233 apartments.

In 1986, Kettler was named as the National Association of Homebuilders developer of the year. In 2006, he received a lifetime achievement award known of the Monument Award from the Northern Virginia Building Industry Association. He has also received numerous awards from Fairfax County, the Urban Land Institute, and various community and industry associations. The Washington Times has called him "one of the region's most successful businessmen."

In 1988, Kettler established Kettler Management, the property management division of his company. The wholly owned subsidiary manages more than 19,000 apartment units in 85 communities and over 1.7 million square feet of office and retail space. In the last two years the company has expanded into several new markets, including New York City, New Jersey, North Carolina and the Virginia Beach and Richmond areas in Virginia. In 2008, Kettler Management received the National Property Management Company of the Year award. In 2012, Kettler Management will add over 5,000 apartment units to its portfolio. As of February 2012 more than 550 people were employed by Kettler. In 2010 Kettler had an annual revenue of more than $407.5 million.

Kettler has also served on numerous boards of directors included those of the Northern Virginia Building Industry Association, the Northern Virginia Political Action Committee, the Washington Metropolitan Area Boys Club, and Venture America. He has also served on advisory boards at George Mason University and Northern Virginia Community College. In 2006, KSI Services bought the naming rights to the Washington Capitals practice arena, which became Kettler Capitals Iceplex. The facility kept his name until weeks after the Capitals won their first Stanley Cup in 2018, when MedStar Health bought the naming rights in a 10-year agreement together with the other Monumental Sports & Entertainment practice facilities and renamed it the MedStar Capitals Iceplex.

Kettler attended the George Washington University and American University from 1970 to 1974, studying economics and real estate. He has been married to his wife Charlotte for 29 years. Since 2003, Kettler and his wife, Charlotte, have served as co-chairs of a $50 million capital campaign that led to a transformational redevelopment of the Potomac School. They have four children and live in McLean, Virginia.

## InfoBox

| Robert C. Kettler | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1952 |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | George Washington University, American University |
| Occupation | Real estate developer |
| Known for | Founder of Kettler |
| Spouse | Charlotte Kettler (m. 1990) |
| Children | 4 |


title: Bettina Perut

abstract: Elisabetta Perut Bozzolo is a Chilean journalist, film director, producer, and screenwriter best known for the documentaries Un hombre aparte and La muerte de Pinochet. Both of these were made in collaboration with Iván Osnovikoff, a director with whom she has done most of her audiovisual work in the documentary field.

text:
# Bettina Perut

**Elisabetta Perut Bozzolo** (born 25 February 1970) is a Chilean journalist, film director, producer, and screenwriter best known for the documentaries *Un hombre aparte* and *La muerte de Pinochet*. Both of these were made in collaboration with Iván Osnovikoff, a director with whom she has done most of her audiovisual work in the documentary field.

## Career

Most of Perut's filmography has been made with Osnovikoff. Her first work was *Chi-chi-chi-le-le-le. Martín Vargas de Chile* in 2000, which won Best Film at the Valparaíso Film Festival and Best Research at the Santiago Documentary Festival in 2001. This was followed by *Un hombre aparte* (2001) – which won the jury prize for Best Experimental Documentary at the Havana Film Festival*El Astuto Mono Pinochet Contra La Moneda de los Cerdos* (2004), and *Welcome to New York* (2006), the latter of which was nominated for a Pedro Sienna Award for Best Short and Documentary Short Film. In 2009, *Noticias* was released, winning Best Experimental Documentary at the Parnü IDF in Estonia. *La muerte de Pinochet* (2011) received a special award from the Santiago International Film Festival jury.

In addition, Perut has won three Altazor Awards: two in 2002 in the categories Best Direction and Best Creative Contribution, and one in 2007 for Best Direction in Documentary Film. She received a nomination in the same category in 2012.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Genre |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | *Chi-chi-chi-le-le-le. Martín Vargas de Chile* | Documentary |
| 2001 | *Un hombre aparte* | Documentary |
| 2004 | *El astuto mono Pinochet contra la moneda de los cerdos* | Documentary |
| 2006 | *Welcome to New York* | Fiction documentary |
| 2009 | *Noticias* | Documentary |
| 2011 | *La muerte de Pinochet* | Documentary |

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Work | Category | Result | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2002 | Havana Film Festival | *Un hombre aparte* | Jury Award for Best Experimental Documentary | Winner |  |
| | Altazor Award | | Creative Contribution | Winner |  |
| | Film Direction | | Winner |  |
| 2003 | Barcelona Docúpolis Festival | | Docúpolis Award for Best Documentary | Winner |  |
| 2007 | Altazor Award | *Welcome to New York* | Direction in Documentary Film | Winner |  |
| 2011 | Warsaw International Film Festival | *La muerte de Pinochet* | Best Documentary | Nominated |  |
| 2012 | Altazor Award | | Documentary Direction | Nominated |  |

## InfoBox

| Bettina Perut | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Elisabetta Perut Bozzolo
(1970-02-25) 25 February 1970
Rome, Italy |
| Nationality | Chilean |
| Occupation | Filmmaker |
| Years active | 1997 – present |
| Website | perutosnovikoff.com |


title: Beverly-Begg Observatory

abstract: The Beverly-Begg Observatory is a New Zealand astronomical observatory, situated in Robin Hood Park in the Belleknowes part of Dunedin's town belt. It was established in 1922 by the Dunedin Astronomical Society (DAS) and is the home of the group.

text:
# Beverly-Begg Observatory

The **Beverly-Begg Observatory** is a New Zealand astronomical observatory, situated in Robin Hood Park in the Belleknowes part of Dunedin's town belt. It was established in 1922 by the Dunedin Astronomical Society (DAS) and is the home of the group.

## History

The observatory is named after local astronomers Arthur Beverly (1822-1907) and John Campbell Begg (1876-1965).

The annex was added in the 1960s.

On 6 September 2008 the society unveiled a new 35 cm Celestron instrument on a Software Bisque Paramount ME robotic telescope mount with camera totalling $38,000, replacing a 30.5 cm reflector telescope that had been in use since 1973. In addition $9,000 was spent upgrading the observatory facilities, including raising the floor by 1 m and installing computer screens displaying images captured by the telescope.

## Operation

The observatory is open to the public on Sunday nights from 7:30 pm during the winter months (when New Zealand daylight saving time is not in force). Access for education and private groups may be made by arrangement through the Dunedin Astronomical Society's education officer.

The annex is used by the society for meetings and talks. The observatory facilities are available for DAS members to use.

## InfoBox

Beverly-Begg Observatory
| Observatory building, December 2007 | |
| --- | --- |
| Named after | Arthur Beverly |
| Observatory code | R58 |
| Location | Belleknowes, Dunedin, New Zealand |
| Coordinates | 45°52′21″S 170°29′30″E / 45.87249°S 170.49163°E / -45.87249; 170.49163 |
| Altitude | 140 metres (460 ft) |
| Established | 1922 |
| Website | Dunedin Astronomical Society |
| Location of Beverly-Begg Observatory | |
| Related media on Commons | |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Robert Bentley Todd

abstract: Robert Bentley Todd was an Irish-born physician who is best known for describing the condition postictal paralysis in his Lumleian Lectures in 1849 now known as Todd's palsy.

text:
# Robert Bentley Todd

**Robert Bentley Todd** (9 April 1809 – 30 January 1860) was an Irish-born physician who is best known for describing the condition postictal paralysis in his Lumleian Lectures in 1849 now known as Todd's palsy.

## Early life

The son of physician Charles Hawkes Todd (1784–1826) and Elizabeth Bentley (1783–1862), Robert was born in Dublin, Ireland, on 9 April 1809. He was the younger brother of noted writer and minister Rev. James Henthorn Todd, D.D. He is the older brother of Rev. William Gowan Todd, D.D. and Armstrong Todd, MD.

Robert attended day school and was tutored by the Rev. William Higgin (1793–1867), who later became bishop of the Diocese of Derry and Raphoe.

Todd entered Trinity College, Dublin in 1825, intending to study for the bar. When his father died the next year, he switched to medicine and became a resident pupil at a hospital in Dublin. He was a student of Robert Graves, and graduated B.A. at Trinity in 1829. He became licensed at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland two years later.

At Hassel by Hull, Yorkshire, Robert Bentley Todd married Elizabeth Mary née Hart (1814–1894) 20 December 1836. The younger sister of Capt. John Hart M.P. (1808–1873) \[Australian Dictionary of Biography\], Elizabeth was baptized at St John's, Hackney, the daughter of journalist John Harriot Hart and Mary née Glanville on 23 June 1814. In one of the most sensational cases of its day, John Herriot Hart co-owner of The Whig Independent newspaper was imprisoned in Gloucester Gaol for liable \[Annual Register vol 72 p. 74\], before being transported to Tenerife. It is presumed that he died on the return voyage to England.

Elizabeth is not the only member of the Hart family to marry into the Todd family. Robert's younger sister, Margaret Gillmor Todd (1817–1876), married Elizabeth's brother, Capt. John Hart, a Premier of South Australia.

The children of Robert Bentley Todd and Elizabeth née Hart; were

## Professional life

He then moved to London, where he practised medicine and lectured. He received a M.S. at Pembroke College, Oxford in 1832, a B.M. the following year, and a D.M. in 1836. He travelled widely in Europe, lecturing and becoming acquainted with a number of eminent men in his field. He took the license of the Royal College of Physicians in 1833, became a Fellow in 1837, and a Censor in 1839–1840. He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society and served on the council in 1838–1839. In 1836–1837 he served on a sub-committee of the British Association to inquire into the motions of the heart, and in 1839–1840 was Examiner for the University of London. In 1844 he was elected Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons.

Todd's abiding interests were in physiological medicine (a field then in its infancy) and in the improvement of hospital nursing, and always held to a high standard of general and religious knowledge. He became a Professor at King's College London in 1836 and was prominent in the opening of King's College Hospital in 1840, and in the founding of its new building in 1851. It was largely through his advocacy that the Sisters of St John's commenced nursing at King's College Hospital.

Todd's increasing practice forced him to resign his professorship in 1853, and in the final years of his life, his practice grew enormously. In failing health, he was finally forced to give up his clinical lectures at the hospital that he had helped found.

Robert Bentley Todd died in his consulting rooms at his home located at 26 Brook Street, Grosvenor Square, Westminster, on 30 January 1860. He died of a gastrointestinal haemorrhage. He was buried at All Souls, Kensal Green, on 4 February 1860.

A statue of Todd was erected in the great hall of King's College Hospital.

## Legacy

Todd was the first to lay down definite principles for the treatment of serious cases of fever. In his Lumleian lectures, he discussed the nature and treatment of various forms of delirium, showed the significant role that exhaustion played in patient deterioration, and how bleeding and lowering remedies contributed to deterioration, while supporting treatment was followed by relief.

Todd was a prolific contributor to medical publications, including *The Cyclopaedia of Anatomy and Physiology*. He immediately integrated newly available technology, particularly the microscope, into the study and practice of medicine, and was a driving force in raising the standards of medical knowledge.

Todd is remembered for his prescription of a hot drink of brandy, canella (white cinnamon), sugar syrup and water. This is called a *Hot toddy*.

## Partial bibliography

Among Todd's publications were

* *The Cyclopaedia of Anatomy and Physiology* (1835–1859, with other notables)
* *Gulstonian Lectures on the Physiology of the Stomach* (1839)
* *Physiological Anatomy and Physiology of Man* (1843–1856, with W. Bowman) — this was among the first works in which histology played an important role (Philadelphia 1857 edition)
* *Practical Remarks on Gout, Rheumatic Fever, and Chronic Rheumatism of the Joints* (1843) (Croonian Lecture 1843)
* *Description and Physiological Anatomy of the Brain, Spinal Cord, and Ganglions* (1845)
* *Lumleian Lectures on the Pathology and Treatment of Delirium and Coma* (1850)
* *Clinical Lectures* (1854–1857–1859, in three volumes)
* Contributions to the *Transactions* of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society from 1833 through 1859 ('chirurgical' is an obsolete term meaning 'surgical')
* Ten articles in the *Cyclopaedia of Medicine* from 1833 to 1835, including discussions of paralysis, pseudo-morbid appearances, suppuration, and diseases of the spinal marrow

## Citations

## InfoBox

| Robert Bentley Todd | |
| --- | --- |
| Robert Bentley Todd | |
| Born | 9 April 1809
Dublin, Ireland |
| Died | 30 January 1860(1860-01-30) (aged 50)
London, England |
| Alma mater | Trinity College, Dublin BA,
Pembroke College, Oxford MS, BM, DM |
| Known for | Todd's palsy |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Medicine |
| Institutions | King's College London
Royal Society
Royal College of Physicians
Royal College of Surgeons |
|  | |


title: Robert Benvenuti

abstract: Robert J. Benvenuti III is an American politician and a Republican member of the Kentucky House of Representatives representing District 88 from 2013 to 2019. He did not seek reelection in 2018.

text:
# Robert Benvenuti

**Robert J. Benvenuti III** (born August 31, 1966) is an American politician and a Republican member of the Kentucky House of Representatives representing District 88 from 2013 to 2019. He did not seek reelection in 2018.

## Education

Benvenuti earned a BA in communication, a BS in science communication and an MPA from the University of Kentucky, and a JD from the University of Kentucky College of Law.

## Elections

When District 88 Representative Bill Farmer retired and left the seat open, Benvenuti was unopposed for the May 22, 2012 Republican primary and won the November 6, 2012 general election with 12,959 votes (54.0%) against Democratic nominee Reginald Thomas.

## InfoBox

| Robert Benvenuti | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Chair of the Kentucky Republican Party | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
December 11, 2023 | |
| Preceded by | Mac Brown |
| Member of the Kentucky House of Representatives
from the 88th district | |
| **In office**
January 1, 2013  January 1, 2019 | |
| Preceded by | Bill Farmer |
| Succeeded by | Cherlynn Stevenson |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1966-08-31) August 31, 1966 |
| Political party | Republican |
| Education | University of Kentucky (BS, MPA, JD) |
| Website | Campaign website |
|  | |


title: Beyond the Devil's Teeth

abstract: Beyond the Devil's Teeth is a travel book by Anglo-Afghan author, Tahir Shah. The text was published in April 1995 by Octagon Press.

text:
# Beyond the Devil's Teeth

***Beyond the Devil's Teeth*** is a travel book by Anglo-Afghan author, Tahir Shah. The text was published in April 1995 by Octagon Press.

## Overview

Forty-five million years ago, Gondwanaland split apart to form India, Africa and South America. Spellbound by the ancient myth of the Gonds who inhabited a fragment of the supercontinent, Tahir Shah decided to follow their path through India and Pakistan, to Uganda and Rwanda, Kenya and Liberia, before crossing the Atlantic Ocean for Brazil, and the Patagonian glaciers.

Roughing it for most of the journey, Shah shared his travels and his tales with a mix of eccentric and entertaining characters, from Osman and Prideep, Mumbai's answer to Laurel and Hardy, to Oswaldo Rodiguez Oswaldo, a well-turned-out Patagonian.

## Release

*Beyond the Devil's Teeth* was Shah's first mainstream travel book. Although received well by the critics, it is less crafted as his later works, such as *The Caliph's House* and *In Arabian Nights*. In a note on his own website, Shah describes how he set up his own agency called Worldwide Media Limited—and masqueraded as an agent called William Watkins—in order to sell the book: it was a ruse that worked. The book sold to the distinguished British publisher Weidenfeld and Nicolson, and paved the way for a host of other works.

## Reviews

## InfoBox

Beyond the Devil's Teeth
| First edition cover | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Tahir Shah |
| Illustrator | Tahir Shah (photos) |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Gondwanaland, India, Africa, Latin America |
| Genre | Travel |
| Published | April 1995 Octagon Press |
| Pages | 360 pp. |
| ISBN | 978-0863040290 |
| OCLC | 47719962 |
| Preceded by | *The Middle East Bedside Book* |
| Followed by | *Sorcerer's Apprentice (book)* |


title: Bhalu Khaira

abstract: Bhalu Khaira is a village and a notified area in Aurangabad district in the Indian state of Bihar.

text:
# Bhalu Khaira

**Bhalu Khaira** is a village and a notified area in Aurangabad district in the Indian state of Bihar.

## History

The village was founded by Mohammed Iqrajul Khan F/O Mohammad Abul Hassan Khan.

## Geography

Bhalu Khaira is located at 24°49′N 84°39′E / 24.82°N 84.65°E / 24.82; 84.65 It has an average elevation of Total area: 4.39 km² (1.69 mi²) Total distance: 8.39 km (5.21 mi). Bhalu Khaira has a named Dhava River.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Bhalu Khaira had a population of 10,389. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Rafiganj has an average literacy rate of 79%, more than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 55%, and female literacy is 41%. In Bhalu Khaira, 29% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Transportation

Bhalu Khaira is well connected with the Three Major city 'Rafiganj', 'Gaya' and 'Aurangabad' and three block subdivision 'Rafiganj' 'Goh','Obra', and 'Daudnagar'.

### Local Transport

City Bus, Auto-Rickhaw, Taxi, and cycle rickshaw moves here generally to the local transport.

### Roadways

Regular Bus service is from Rafiganj to Aurangabad, TATA, Ranchi, Kolkata, Dhanbad and Goh.

## Educational institutions

* Bhalu Khaira Govt High School (Well Facility Urdu School)
* Govt Urdu Middle School Quazichak (Well Facilitate Urdu Middle school)
* British Academy (well renowned private school in Rafiganj)
* R. B. R. High school
* Bosco international school
* Dr. V. K.Singh College Rafiganj
* High School Karma
* B.L. Indo Anglian Public School, Aurangabad, on NH-98 10 km from Rafiganj
* Sarswati Shishu Manadir
* Brite Life Public School (Affiliated from Delhi)
* Mother Teresa Academy \[M.T.A\] Managed by M.T.A Educational Trust W.B.
* All Rounder Communication Centre (ARCC) An ISO 9001 – 2008 Certified Organization (a unit of Shams Foundation)
* Dav Public School, located at Choudhary Gali Rafiganj (Affiliated from Delhi)
* Sanjay Singh Yadav College

## InfoBox

| Bhalu Khaira | |
| --- | --- |
| Bihar | |
| Coordinates: 24°49′N 84°39′E / 24.82°N 84.65°E / 24.82; 84.65 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Bihar |
| District | Aurangabad |
| Established | 1885 |
| Founded by | Mohammad Iqrazul khan |
| Named for | Bhalu Khaira |
| Government | |
| Body | Mla |
| Elevation | 89 m (292 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 20,000 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 824125 |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-BR |


title: Bhalukghata

abstract: Bhalukghata is a village in Kamrup rural district, in the state of Assam, India, situated in south bank of river Brahmaputra.

text:
# Bhalukghata

**Bhalukghata** is a village in Kamrup rural district, in the state of Assam, India, situated in south bank of river Brahmaputra.

## Transport

The village is located north of National Highway 31 and connected to nearby towns and cities like Boko, Chaygaon and Guwahati with regular buses and other modes of transportation.

## InfoBox

| Bhalukghata | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| BhalukghataLocation in Assam, IndiaBhalukghataBhalukghata (India) | |
| Coordinates: 26°01′N 91°11′E / 26.01°N 91.18°E / 26.01; 91.18 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Assam |
| Region | Western Assam |
| District | Kamrup |
| Government | |
| Body | Gram panchayat |
| Languages | |
| Official | Assamese |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 781123 |
| Vehicle registration | AS |
| Website | kamrup.nic.in |


title: Bheemavarappadu

abstract: Bheemavarappadu is a small village in Kondapuram mandalam of Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India.

text:
# Bheemavarappadu

**Bheemavarappadu** is a small village in Kondapuram mandalam of Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India.

## InfoBox

| Bheemavarappadu | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Dynamic map | |
| BheemavarappaduLocation in Andhra Pradesh, India | |
| Coordinates: 15°01′09″N 79°46′25″E / 15.019163°N 79.7734934°E / 15.019163; 79.7734934 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| District | Nellore |
| Population | |
| Total | 1,078 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Telugu |
| Other spoken | Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Website | nelkondapbheemagp.appr.gov.in |


title: Bheeta

abstract: Bheeta is a town and sub-prefecture in the Yomou Prefecture in the Nzérékoré Region of south-eastern Guinea.

text:
# Bheeta

**Bheeta**  (or **Beeta** or **Béta**) is a town and sub-prefecture in the Yomou Prefecture in the Nzérékoré Region of south-eastern Guinea.

## InfoBox

| Bheeta | |
| --- | --- |
| Sub-prefecture and town | |
| BheetaLocation in Guinea | |
| Coordinates: 7°25′47″N 9°12′06″W / 7.42972°N 9.20167°W / 7.42972; -9.20167 | |
| Country | Guinea |
| Region | Nzérékoré Region |
| Prefecture | Yomou Prefecture |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |