title: Caroline Winnett

abstract: Caroline Winnett is the executive director of the Berkeley SkyDeck startup accelerator at the University of California, Berkeley. She is a serial entrepreneur, civic activist, angel investor, advisor and board member of several startups, and a frequent speaker on startups, accelerators, women in business and consumer neuroscience.

text:
# Caroline Winnett

**Caroline Winnett** is the executive director of the Berkeley SkyDeck startup accelerator at the University of California, Berkeley. She is a serial entrepreneur, civic activist, angel investor, advisor and board member of several startups, and a frequent speaker on startups, accelerators, women in business and consumer neuroscience.

## Education

Winnett attended Brown University as an undergraduate and got her violin performance degree in 1984 from the Indiana University School of Music. In 1990, Winnett earned her MBA from the Berkeley Haas School of Business. In a 2018 interview, Winnett said that she created her own major in Entrepreneurial Operations because at that time there were no programs at Berkeley for entrepreneurs.

## Civic activism and Berkeley landmarks

### Save Berkeley Iceland

In 2008, Winnett was a founder and spokesperson for Save Berkeley Iceland, advocating for the preservation of the 67-year old Olympic-sized historical ice rink in Berkeley, California. She appeared on local *NBC News* to raise donations and also petitioned the city council. Winnett and the group were able to raise $50,000 and advocated turning the rink into a nonprofit, but in the end were not able to save the rink from closure.

### SkyDeck signage petition

In July 2017, Winnett successfully petitioned the Berkeley city council after a 10-month review process to approve signage on the tallest building in downtown Berkeley, formerly known as the PowerBar building or the Chase Building due to previous signage. The highly-debated building signage named the building "SkyDeck" after Winnett's nonprofit organization, the Berkeley SkyDeck accelerator located on the penthouse floor. Those opposed to the petition argued that the signage was "advertising" and not architectural, while advocates including Winnett argued that the name SkyDeck reflected the Berkeley spirit of innovation. In the end the SkyDeck Building petition was unanimously approved by the council.

## Career

### NeuroFocus

In 2006, Winnett co-founded startup NeuroFocus, a company that measures how consumers react to advertising using neurological measurements using EEG sensors. Nielsen Holdings acquired NeuroFocus in 2011.

### UC Berkeley SkyDeck

Winnett joined Berkeley SkyDeck as executive director in 2015, three years after its original founding as a mentoring space. As the new director, Winnett added staff and worked to partner with the resources already in place at Berkeley. With a colleague, Winnett helped to secure a $150,000 grant to build The Berkeley Startup Network platform so that startup resources at Berkeley would be accessible in one place. In a 2018 interview with *Xconomy*, Winnett noted that the number of SkyDeck startup advisors had increased from 30 to 140, and that the penthouse accelerator had also taken over an additional floor of the high-rise building it was housed in, located next to Berkeley campus.

In Spring 2018, Winnett and SkyDeck raised a $24 million oversubscribed venture fund from investors Sequoia Capital, Mayfield, Sierra Ventures and others. Managed by Winnett's colleague Chon Tang, the Berkeley SkyDeck Fund began offering $100,000 each to startups in return for 5 percent ownership, beginning with a cohort of 20. In a 2019 blog, Winnett expressed a goal that the Berkeley SkyDeck Fund would bring $1 billion in revenue to UC Berkeley in the future.

### Cal Performances

Winnett also serves on the Board of Trustees for Cal Performances, a UC Berkeley performing arts organization.

## Public Speaking

Winnett was the opening speaker at the 2020 Taiwan-US Innovation Forum, and urged companies in the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic environment to "focus on the basics", "don't be afraid to change course", and "look for new opportunities". Winnett has also spoken at venues such as the Milan Innovation District and the Rhodes House at the University of Oxford talking about the future of work and innovation.

## InfoBox

| Caroline Winnett | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Alma mater |  |
| Occupations | * Accelerator Director * Investor * Serial Entrepreneur |
| Employer | Berkeley SkyDeck |
| Known for | NeuroFocus |
| Title | Executive Director |
| Board member of | Cal Performances, Embee Mobile |


title: Chris Hicks (rugby league)

abstract: Chris Hicks is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s. He last played for the Parramatta Eels of the National Rugby League (NRL). A former New South Wales country origin representative fullback or wing, he has previously played in the NRL for the Penrith Panthers and Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles as well as playing for Warrington Wolves of the Super League.

text:
# Chris Hicks (rugby league)

**Chris Hicks** (born 19 March 1977) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s. He last played for the Parramatta Eels of the National Rugby League (NRL). A former New South Wales country origin representative fullback or wing, he has previously played in the NRL for the Penrith Panthers and Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles as well as playing for Warrington Wolves of the Super League.

## Playing career

### Early NRL career

Hicks made his NRL début for the Penrith Panthers in 1997. In six years with the Penrith club, Hicks scored just under 300 points. In 2004, Hicks made his return to the NRL, this time for the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles. Hicks spent four years with the Manly outfit and played in their 2007 NRL grand final defeat to the Melbourne Storm.

### Super League

Hicks signed for the Warrington Wolves in the Super League for the 2008 season. At 30 years old he joined Manly team-mate Michael Monaghan in moving to the Wolves for the 2008 season.

In his first season with Warrington, he scored in every single game after adopting kicking duties for the club. The first time he failed to score in a Warrington game came in a 60–8 defeat away at Harlequins on Saturday 24 March 2009, five games into his second season with the Warrington side. In each of his three years at Warrington, Hicks was the team's top try-scorer. While he was with Warrington, the team won two Challenge Cups. Hicks scored a hat-trick in the 2010 Challenge Cup Final victory over Leeds at Wembley Stadium.

### Retirement and return to NRL

On 3 December 2010, it was announced that Hicks had retired with immediate effect to make room for Warrington's new signing, Joel Monaghan. However, the retirement was very short-lived. Within a fortnight, Hicks signed a one-year deal with the Parramatta Eels to help fill the gap left by the retiring Eric Grothe Jr.  Hicks retired at the end the 2011 NRL season. In round 26 against the Sydney Roosters, Hicks scored a try in his 200th Game.

## InfoBox

Chris Hicks
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1977-03-19) 19 March 1977<br>Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| Height | 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) |
| Weight | 91 kg (14 st 5 lb) |
| Playing information | |
| Position | Wing, Fullback, Centre |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1997–02 Penrith Panthers 101 36 77 0 298  2004–07 Manly Sea Eagles 93 42 7 0 182  2008–10 Warrington Wolves 82 71 119 0 572  2011 Parramatta Eels 7 3 0 0 12  Total 283 152 203 0 1064  Representative  Years Team Pld T G FG P  2001–06 NSW Country 2 1 5 0 14 | |
| Source: As of 26 June 2009 | |


title: Shi Yigong

abstract: Shi Yigong is a Chinese biophysicist who serves as founding and the current president of Westlake University since April 2018. He previously served as vice president of Tsinghua University from 2015 to 2018 and dean of Tsinghua University School of Life Sciences from 2009 to 2016.

text:
# Shi Yigong

**Shi Yigong** (Chinese: 施一公; born 5 May 1967) is a Chinese biophysicist who serves as founding and the current president of Westlake University since April 2018. He previously served as vice president of Tsinghua University from 2015 to 2018 and dean of Tsinghua University School of Life Sciences from 2009 to 2016.

## Education

Shi Yigong received a Bachelor of Science with majors in biology and mathematics from Tsinghua University in 1989 and a Doctor of Philosophy in molecular biophysics from Johns Hopkins University in 1995. He studied at Iowa State University for three months in 1990, before transferring to Johns Hopkins University.

During his graduate studies, he determined the crystal structure of several critical apoptotic proteins, including apaf-1, DIAP1, and the BIR3 domain of XIAP.

## Career

Shi Yigong was the Warner-Lambert/Parke-Davis Professor in the department of Molecular Biology at Princeton University. In June 2008, he was selected as a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator. However, he rejected the award upon resigning his position at Princeton University in order to pursue his career at Tsinghua University, becoming the dean of the School of Life Sciences there. In 2003, he was appointed a Chair Professor of Tsinghua's Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology. In late 2007, He was appointed Vice Director of Tsinghua's Institute of Biomedicine and Vice Dean of Tsinghua's Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology before returning to China. He was appointed Dean of Tsinghua's School of Life Sciences (replacing the Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology) in 2009. In 2018, he became the founding and the first president of Westlake University, a newly established private university in Hangzhou.

Shi renounced his U.S. citizenship in 2011 in order to reclaim his Chinese citizenship.

## Personal life

Shi's grandfather was academic and politician Shi Ping. According to Shi, his father, Shi Huailin (施怀琳), was named after his mother Yang Lin (杨琳), who died 18 days after his birth, with 怀琳 literally meaning "remembering Lin." As a result of his grandfather's work commitments, his father was estranged from his grandfather as a child, and friends and family raised his father. Shi's father and grandfather eventually reunited later in life.

His father died on 21 September 1987, at the age of 52.

His grandfather died on 29 June 2024, at the age of 112 years, 241 days.

## Awards

## InfoBox

| Shi Yigong | |
| --- | --- |
| 施一公 | |
| Shi in 2023 | |
| Born | (1967-05-05) May 5, 1967
Zhengzhou, Henan, China |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Alma mater |  |
| Relatives | Shi Ping (grandfather) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Programmed cell death (apoptosis)
Membrane protein |
| Institutions |  |
| Thesis | *Molecular mechanisms of zinc finger protein-nucleic acid interactions* (1995) |
| Doctoral advisor | Jeremy Berg |
| Doctoral students | Yan Ning |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Simplified Chinese | 施一公 |
| Traditional Chinese | 施一公 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Shī Yī Gōng | |
|  | |
|  | |


abstract: Robert C. McLeod is a former Canadian politician who represented the electoral district of Inuvik Twin Lakes in the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories from 2004 to 2019. Prior to his election to the legislature, he worked as a carpenter and private contractor. McLeod was first elected in a by-election held on November 29, 2004. He served until the 2019 Northwest Territories general election, when he retired from politics.

text:
# Robert C. McLeod (Northwest Territories politician)

**Robert C. McLeod** (born March 3, 1960, in Aklavik, Northwest Territories, Canada) is a former Canadian politician who represented the electoral district of Inuvik Twin Lakes in the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories from 2004 to 2019.

Prior to his election to the legislature, he worked as a carpenter and private contractor.

McLeod was first elected in a by-election held on November 29, 2004. He served until the 2019 Northwest Territories general election, when he retired from politics.

## InfoBox

| The HonourableRobert C. McLeodMLA | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories for
Inuvik Twin Lakes | |
| **In office**
November 29, 2004  September 2, 2019 | |
| Preceded by | Roger Allen |
| Succeeded by | Lesa Semmler |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1960-03-03) March 3, 1960
Aklavik, Northwest Territories |
| Political party | Independent |
|  | |


title: Vazov Point

abstract: Vazov Point is a point on the coast of Bransfield Strait forming the northeast side of the entrance to Brunow Bay on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. This landmark is surmounted by Vazov Rock.

text:
# Vazov Point

**Vazov Point** is a point on the coast of Bransfield Strait forming the northeast side of the entrance to Brunow Bay on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. This landmark is surmounted by Vazov Rock.

## Location

The point is located at 62°42′50.5″S 60°06′50″W / 62.714028°S 60.11389°W / -62.714028; -60.11389, which is 2.35 km (1.46 mi) northeast of Samuel Point and 3.38 km (2.1 mi) west by south of Aytos Point. It was mapped by the Bulgarian expedition Tangra 2004/05, who named it for the Bulgarian poet and playwright Ivan Vazov. British mapping in 1968, Chilean in 1971, Argentine in 1980, and Bulgarian in 2005 and 2009.

## Maps

* L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009. ISBN 978-954-92032-6-4

*This article includes information from the Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria which is used with permission.*


title: Sir Arthur Wardour

abstract: Sir Arthur Wardour of Knockwinnock Castle is a character in Walter Scott's 1816 novel The Antiquary, a Scottish Tory baronet who is vain of his ancient family but short of money. He is a friend and neighbour of Jonathan Oldbuck, the novel's title-character.

text:
# Sir Arthur Wardour

**Sir Arthur Wardour** of Knockwinnock Castle is a character in Walter Scott's 1816 novel *The Antiquary*, a Scottish Tory baronet who is vain of his ancient family but short of money. He is a friend and neighbour of Jonathan Oldbuck, the novel's title-character.

## Wardour's role in the novel

He first appears when he and his daughter Isabella are invited to Oldbuck's house to meet his new friend Lovel. Wardour, we are told, is a former Jacobite who has become reconciled to the House of Hanover, and is interested in antiquarian research. As they have dinner together they fall out over the question of the Pictish language, Wardour thinking it Celtic and Oldbuck Germanic. Things get so heated that the Wardours call the dinner-party short and walk homeward over the sands of the intervening bay, but the incoming tide cuts them off and threatens to drown them. They are rescued by the combined efforts of their neighbours, and Wardour is bundled off home in a state of exhaustion. When Oldbuck and Lovel next day visit Wardour they find him semi-invalid. It becomes apparent, firstly that there is a romance between Isabella and Lovel which must seemingly be frustrated since Lovel is believed to be illegitimate, and secondly that Wardour hopes to recoup his diminished fortune by prospecting for a lead mine, being encouraged in this project by a suspicious German character called Herman Dousterswivel. Wardour later invites Oldbuck and Lovel to join him in a trip to the ruins of St. Ruth's Priory, and when the day comes the conversation turns to a treasure rumoured to be buried there. One night shortly afterwards Wardour and Dousterswivel are discovered excavating in the grounds of the Priory, the baronet having been persuaded by his companion that he had discovered the site of the treasure by alchemical means, and a small bag of old coins is duly found. Wardour next tries to persuade Oldbuck to invest in a larger-scale excavation. Oldbuck turns down the chance, but persuades him to try the search without making the payments to Dousterswivel that the German insists are necessary. A quantity of silver bullion is uncovered, delighting Wardour and dumbfounding Dousterswivel. After an interval we learn that Wardour has been squandering his new-found money unwisely, while most of his debts remain unpaid. His main creditor institutes bankruptcy proceedings and sends in the bailiffs, but just as Sir Arthur is facing the prospect of a debtors' prison a letter arrives from his son enclosing enough money to pay off the main debt. Isabella's lover is discovered to be the long-lost legitimate son of a wealthy earl, and the two are speedily married, putting Sir Arthur out of all financial danger.

## His character

Sir Arthur Wardour has a deep and lasting, though stormy, friendship with his neighbour Jonathan Oldbuck, which is based on their common interests; they both conduct historical research, though Sir Arthur is a dilettante compared to his friend. Their approach to the past is not that of a scientific historian, deducing hypotheses from solid evidence, but that of an antiquary, forming opinions first and justifying them with whatever evidence comes to hand afterwards. Sir Arthur's particular interest is in the history of the Wardour family and of the kings of Scotland, this pursuit being motivated by his need to bolster his own feelings of social superiority over those around him, including the middle-class Oldbuck. He does not feel at home in the present, but he demonstrates the impossibility of living in the past by his ridiculous bluster and insufferable snobbishness. He is altogether a futile figure with many faults: he is shown as being financially extravagant, self-centred, weak, gullible, and tyrannical over his daughter Isabella, who tries to protect him from the results of his stupidity. His greed makes him an easy dupe for the swindler Dousterswivel, so that the reader may feel that his near-ruin is an appropriate fate.

## The originals of Wardour

Sir Arthur was said by Scott's acquaintance Allan Cunningham to have been modelled on Sir John Whitefoord, 3rd Bt., though it has also been claimed that he was based on Sir John Sinclair, 1st Bt., a Caithness landowner who was taken in by a fraudulent geologist, Rudolf Erich Raspe. According to one commentator, "Scott detested Sir John Sinclair, and probably got some pleasure from representing him as Sir Arthur Wardour". Similarities have also been noted between Sir Arthur and the fictional Sir Epicure Mammon, the gullible nobleman in Ben Jonson's play *The Alchemist*. Yet another claim is that Wardour is a portrait of his own author as a true-blue Tory supporter of the claims of the established aristocratic order; A. N. Wilson was also struck by the similarity Sir Arthur displays to Scott's behaviour in later years, "duped by hare-brained financial schemes and *folie de grandeur*", and, when his fortune is restored, talking of buying contiguous estates that would stretch from shore to shore.

## Later appearance

Sir Arthur Wardour later appeared in the fictional Laurence Templeton's Introduction (or "Dedicatory Epistle") to Scott's *Ivanhoe*. There Templeton, the ostensible author of the novel, tells us he has based "his" story of *Ivanhoe* on a medieval manuscript owned by Sir Arthur, who guards it jealously while being unable to read a syllable of it, and who insists on Templeton referring to it in pompous Blackletter type as $\mathfrak {The}\\,{\mathfrak {Wardour}\\,{\mathfrak {Manuscript}.}}$ As the novel progresses Templeton several times refers back to this manuscript.

## Critical assessment

There is no critical consensus as to whether Sir Arthur is a successful fictional creation. W. S. Crockett thought he was "an eminently silly type of aristocrat – a foolish old Tory with whom we lose all patience". Edgar Johnson found him exaggeratedly credulous and insufficiently realized for us to care about the final clearing up of all his troubles, and complained that though we are told he has in the end learned greater wisdom we are not shown it. On the other hand, Andrew Lang found him "perennially delightful", and A. N. Wilson thought him one of the comic portraits that makes *The Antiquary* great.

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

| Sir Arthur Wardour | |
| --- | --- |
| Herman Dousterswivel and Sir Arthur Wardour portrayed by the Dalziel Brothers | |
| First appearance | *The Antiquary* (1816) |
| Last appearance | *Ivanhoe* (1819) |
| Created by | Walter Scott |
| In-universe information | |
| Title | Baronet |
| Occupation | Laird |
| Relatives | Sir Anthony Wardour (Father)
Capt. Reginald Gamelyn Wardour (Son)
Isabella Wardour (Daughter)
Major William Neville (Son-in-law) |
| Religion | Episcopal |
| Nationality | Scottish |


title: FC Alians Lypova Dolyna

abstract: Football Club Alians is a Ukrainian football club based in Lypova Dolyna, Sumy Oblast, in north-eastern Ukraine, founded in 2016. The club is competing in the Ukrainian First League following promotion from the 2019–20 Ukrainian Second League. Alians's home field is Yuvileiny Stadium in Sumy.

text:
# FC Alians Lypova Dolyna

**Football Club Alians** is a Ukrainian football club based in Lypova Dolyna, Sumy Oblast, in north-eastern Ukraine, founded in 2016. The club is competing in the Ukrainian First League following promotion from the 2019–20 Ukrainian Second League. Alians's home field is Yuvileiny Stadium in Sumy.

## History

Alians Lypova Dolyna was founded in 2016. The team played its first match on May 21 of the same year within the framework of the Sumy Oblast Championship against Lebedynets from Lebedyn. According to the results of the 2016 season, Alians won gold medals in the championship, ahead of Yavir and Trostianets. Since 2017, the team participated in the highest league of the championship of Sumy Oblast. Alians finished the first draw in third place, and a year later became the champion.

In 2018, Alians was admitted into the Amateur Championship of Ukraine. In its group, the team took third place, skipping ahead of Victoria and LNZ Cherkasy, and in the quarterfinals of the playoffs lost to the future champion VPK Ahro.

In 2019, the club won the Hennady Svirsky Cup and the Super Cup of Sumy Oblast, and in the summer season Alians received the status of a professional club and began playing in the Ukrainian Second League. In the early completed draw of the 2019/20 season, the team took third place in Group B and in the play-offs with Metalurh Zaporizhzhia won addmitance to play in the Ukrainian First League of the 2020/21 season. In its first draw of the Ukrainian Cup, Alliance lost in the quarterfinals to premier league club FC Mariupol with a score of 2:4.

## Honors

## League and cup history

| Season | Div. | Pos. | Pl. | W | D | L | GS | GA | P | Domestic Cup | Other | | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2018–19 | 4th "B" | **3**/12 | 22 | 14 | 4 | 4 | 54 | 22 | **46** |  |  |  | Promoted |
| 2019–20 | 3rd "B" | **3**/11 | 22 | 17 | 2 | 3 | 54 | 12 | **53** | 14 finals |  |  | Promoted as play-off winner |
| 2020–21 | 2nd | **6**/16 | 30 | 14 | 9 | 7 | 46 | 31 | **51** | 132 finals |  |  |  |
| 2021–22 | 2nd | **3**/16 | 19 | 10 | 3 | 6 | 33 | 24 | **33** | 116 finals |  |  | Merged with Viktoriya Mykolaivka |

## Head coaches

## InfoBox

Alians Lypova Dolyna
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Football Club Alians |
| Nickname(s) | Alliance |
| Founded | 2016 |
| Ground | Alians-Arena, Bairak
Yuvileiny Stadium, Sumy |
| Capacity | 520
25,830 |
| President | Serhiy Demchenko |
| League | none |
| 2021–22 | Ukrainian First League, 3rd of 16 (withdrew) |
| Website | Club website |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Charles Powell White

abstract: Charles Powell White F.R.C.S. was an English pathologist and cancer researcher.

text:
# Charles Powell White

**Charles Powell White** (21 April 1867 – 26 September 1930) F.R.C.S. was an English pathologist and cancer researcher.

## Biography

White was born on 21 April 1867. He was the fourth son of Reverend Lewis Borrett White, D.D. He was educated at St Paul's School and obtained first-class honours at the University of London, in 1884. He gained a scholarship at Sidney Sussex College in 1886 and graduated BA. He was house surgeon at St Bartholomew's Hospital and during 1894–1895 obtained the Treasurer's research scholarship in pathology. He became pathologist at Birmingham General Hospital in 1898 and was elected demonstrator of pathology at Yorkshire College, in 1900. White was appointed demonstrator of morbid anatomy and pathology at St Thomas' Hospital in 1902 and became demonstrator of pathology in 1904 and assistant pathologist in the Medical School in 1905.

White obtained L.R.C.P. in 1894 and F.R.C.S. in 1896. He was treasurer of the Pathological Society of Great Britain. He moved to Manchester in 1906 and was appointed pathologist to the Christie Hospital for Cancer in 1910 and special lecturer in pathology at Manchester University in 1915. He was director of the Helen Swindell Cancer Research Laboratory at the University of Manchester and histologist to the Manchester Committee on Cancer.

White authored *Lectures on the Pathology of Cancer*, in 1908. It was positively reviewed in the *Nature* journal and recommended "to all who wish to be brought up to date in the biology of cancer". His book, *The Pathology of Growth Tumours* was well received by a reviewer in *The Lancet* journal who commented that it gave an "admirably clear and concise account of our knowledge of the different varieties of tumours, their structure, and their mode of growth".

White married Lettice Mary in 1918. They had a son and daughter.

## Death

White suffered a severe cerebral haemorrhage. He died on 26 September 1930 after being paralysed and bedridden for two years.

## Selected publications

## InfoBox

| Charles Powell White | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 21 April 1867 |
| Died | 26 September 1930 |
| Occupation(s) | Pathologist, writer |


title: Devnya Valley

abstract: Devnya Valley is 2.5-km long and 700 m wide valley and is situated between the north slopes of Great Needle Peak and Helmet Peak in Levski Ridge, Tangra Mountains on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands. The valley holds a side tributary of Huron Glacier. It is named after the town of Devnya in Northeastern Bulgaria.

text:
# Devnya Valley

**Devnya Valley** (Devnenska Dolina \\'dev-nen-ska do-li-'na\\) is 2.5-km long and 700 m wide valley and is situated between the north slopes of Great Needle Peak (Falsa Aguja Peak) and Helmet Peak in Levski Ridge, Tangra Mountains on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands. The valley holds a side tributary of Huron Glacier. It is named after the town of Devnya in Northeastern Bulgaria.

## Location

The valley is centred at 62°39′11″S 60°02′40″W / 62.65306°S 60.04444°W / -62.65306; -60.04444 (Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009 from the Tangra 2004/05 topographic survey).

## Maps

* L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
* L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009. ISBN 978-954-92032-6-4
* A. Kamburov and L. Ivanov. Bowles Ridge and Central Tangra Mountains: Livingston Island, Antarctica. Scale 1:25000 map. Sofia: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2023. ISBN 978-619-90008-6-1

*This article includes information from the Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria which is used with permission.*


title: South African Class 10E1, Series 2

abstract: The Spoornet Class 10E1, Series 2 of 1990 is a South African electric locomotive. Between 1990 and 1992, Spoornet placed fiftyClass 10E1, Series 2 electric locomotives with a Co-Co wheel arrangement in mainline service.

text:
# South African Class 10E1, Series 2

The **Spoornet Class 10E1, Series 2** of 1990 is a South African electric locomotive.

Between 1990 and 1992, Spoornet placed fiftyClass 10E1, Series 2 electric locomotives with a Co-Co wheel arrangement in mainline service.

## Manufacturer

The 3 kV DC Class 10E1, Series 2 electric locomotive was designed for the South African Railways (SAR) by the General Electric Company (GEC) and built by Union Carriage & Wagon (UCW) in Nigel, Transvaal. GEC supplied the electrical equipment while UCW was responsible for the mechanical components and assembly.

UCW delivered fifty locomotives to Spoornet between 1990 and 1992, numbered in the range from 10-126 to 10-175. Contrary to prior UCW practice, GEC works numbers were allocated to the Class 10E1 locomotives. With the exception of the Class 9E, also a UCW-built GEC locomotive, UCW did not allocate builder’s numbers to previous locomotives it built for the SAR or Spoornet, but used the SAR or Spoornet unit numbers for their record keeping.

## Characteristics

The Class 10E1 was introduced as a new standard 3 kV DC heavy goods locomotive. With a continuous power rating of 3,090 kilowatts (4,144 horsepower), four Class 10E1 units are capable of performing the same work as six Class 6E1 units.

### Brakes

The entire Class 10E1 fleet features electronic chopper control, which is smoother in comparison to the rheostatic resistance control which was used in the Classes 1E to 6E1 electric locomotives.

The locomotive makes use of either regenerative or rheostatic braking, as the situation demands. Both traction and electric braking power are continuously variable, with the electric braking optimised to such an extent that maximum use will be made of the regenerative braking capacity of the 3 kV DC network, with the ability to automatically change over to rheostatic braking whenever the overhead supply system becomes non-receptive.

### Bogies

The Class 10E1 was built with sophisticated traction linkages on the bogies. Together with the locomotive's electronic wheel-slip detection system, these traction struts, mounted between the linkages on the bogies and the locomotive body and colloquially referred to as grasshopper legs, ensure the maximum transfer of power to the rails without causing wheel-slip by reducing the adhesion of the leading bogie and increasing that of the trailing bogie by as much as 15% upon starting.

### Orientation

This dual cab locomotive has a roof access ladder on one side only, immediately to the right of the cab access door. The roof access ladder end is marked as the no. 2 end. In visual appearance, the Series 1 and Series 2 locomotives are virtually indistinguishable from each other.

## Service

Most of the Class 10E1 locomotives were placed in service at Nelspruit and Ermelo in Mpumalanga. In 1998 a number of Spoornet’s electric locomotives and most of their Class 38-000 electro-diesel locomotives were sold to Maquarie-GETX (General Electric Financing) and leased back to Spoornet for a ten-year period which was to expire in 2008. Of the Class 10E, Series 2, numbers 10-136 to 10-173 were included in this leasing deal.

## Liveries

The Class 10E2, Series 2 introduced the new Spoornet orange livery with a yellow and blue chevron pattern on the cowcatchers. In the late 1990s at least one was repainted in the Spoornet blue livery with outline numbers on the long hood sides. After 2008 in the Transnet Freight Rail (TFR) era, several received the TFR red, green and yellow livery.

## Illustration

Media related to South African Class 10E1 Series 2 at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| South African Class 10E1, Series 2 | |
| --- | --- |
| 10-168 at Pyramid South, 22 September 2015 | |
| Type and origin  Power type Electric  Designer General Electric Company  Builder Union Carriage & Wagon  Serial number 5739-5788  Model GEC 10E1  Build date 1990-1993  Total produced 50 | |
| Specifications  Configuration:
   AAR C-C  UIC Co'Co'  Commonwealth Co-Co  Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge  Wheel diameter 1,220 mm (48.03 in)  Wheelbase 13,460 mm (529+78 in)   Bogie 4,060 mm (13 ft 3+78 in)  Pivot centres 10,200 mm (33 ft 5+58 in)  Panto shoes 12,000 mm (39 ft 4+12 in)  Length:
   Over couplers 18,520 mm (60 ft 9+18 in)  Over body 17,506 mm (57 ft 5+14 in)  Width 2,906 mm (9 ft 6+38 in)  Height:
   Pantograph 4,120 mm (13 ft 6+14 in)  Body height 3,945 mm (12 ft 11+38 in)  Axle load 21,210 kg (46,760 lb)  Adhesive weight 126,000 kg (278,000 lb)  Loco weight 126,000 kg (278,000 lb)  Electric system/s 3 kV DC catenary  Current pickup(s) Pantographs  Traction motors Six GEC G425AZ   Rating 1 hour 540 kW (720 hp)  Continuous 515 kW (691 hp)  Gear ratio 17:87  Loco brake Air, Regenerative & Rheostatic  Train brakes Air & Vacuum  Couplers AAR knuckle | |
| Performance figures  Maximum speed 90 km/h (56 mph)  Power output:
   1 hour 3,240 kW (4,340 hp)  Continuous 3,090 kW (4,140 hp)  Tractive effort:
   Starting 450 kN (100,000 lbf)  1 hour 335 kN (75,000 lbf)  Continuous 310 kN (70,000 lbf) @ 35 km/h (22 mph)  Brakeforce 175 kN (39,000 lbf) @ 15–45 km/h (9–28 mph)
2,187 kN (492,000 lbf) @ 45–100 km/h (28–62 mph) | |
| Career  Operators Spoornet
Transnet Freight Rail  Class Class 10E1  Number in class 50  Numbers 10-126 to 10-175  Nicknames *Breadbin*  Delivered 1990-1992  First run 1990 | |


title: Shi Yi Ji

abstract: Shi Yi Ji is a Chinese mythological / historical treatise compiled by the Taoist scholar Wang Jia. The title of the work has been variously translated into English as Record of Heretofore Lost Works, Researches into Lost Records, Record of Gleanings, or Forgotten Tales. The verb shiyi (拾遺) is translated by modern dictionaries as "to appropriate lost property", or, when used in book titles, "to make up for omissions". Accordingly, the work is based on "apocryphal" versions of early (legendary) Chinese history, which must have been produced during the Eastern Han dynasty. For example, Shi Yi Ji's version of the story of Yu the Great has a yellow dragon and a black turtle helping Yu to create the geographical features of China, and to name them – details not found in the Classic of Mountains and Seas.

text:
# Shi Yi Ji

***Shi Yi Ji*** (Chinese: 拾遺記; pinyin: **Shíyí Jì**) is a Chinese mythological / historical treatise compiled by the Taoist scholar Wang Jia (died 390). The title of the work has been variously translated into English as *Record of Heretofore Lost Works*, *Researches into Lost Records*, *Record of Gleanings*, or *Forgotten Tales*.

The verb *shiyi* (拾遺) is translated by modern dictionaries as "to appropriate lost property", or, when used in book titles, "to make up for omissions". Accordingly, the work is based on "apocryphal" versions of early (legendary) Chinese history, which must have been produced during the Eastern Han dynasty. For example, *Shi Yi Ji*'s version of the story of Yu the Great has a yellow dragon and a black turtle helping Yu to create the geographical features of China, and to name them – details not found in the *Classic of Mountains and Seas*.

### Citations

### Sources


title: Robert C. James

abstract: Robert Clarke James was an American mathematician who worked in functional analysis.

text:
# Robert C. James

**Robert Clarke James** (1918 – September 25, 2004) was an American mathematician who worked in functional analysis.

## Biography

James attended UCLA as an undergraduate, where his father was a professor. As a devout Quaker, he was a conscientious objector during World War II.

He obtained his PhD at Caltech in 1946 under the direction of Aristotle Demetrius Michal. He spent a year as a Benjamin Peirce Fellow at Harvard and joined the faculty at UC Berkeley. In 1950, during the loyalty oath controversy, James refused to sign the oath and moved to Haverford College. Later he was the founding math department chair both at Harvey Mudd College and at the Claremont Graduate University.

James constructed a number of counterexamples in the theory of Banach spaces, including James' space and James' tree space. He also characterized reflexivity for Banach spaces with an unconditional Schauder basis and proved an eponymous compactness criterion.

With his father Glenn James (a professor at UCLA and long-time editor of Mathematics Magazine) he published a mathematical dictionary which went through several editions.

James was made a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1978.

## Selected works

* James, Robert C.; James, Glenn (1992). *Mathematics Dictionary* (5th ed.). New York: Chapman & Hall. ISBN 0412990415.
* James, Robert C. (March 1951). "A non-reflexive Banach space isometric with its second conjugate space". *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences*. **37** (3): 174–177. Bibcode:1951PNAS...37..174J. doi:10.1073/pnas.37.3.174. PMC 1063327. PMID 16588998. MR44024
* James, Robert C. (1981). "Structure of Banach spaces: Radon-Nikodým and other properties". *General topology and modern analysis (Proceedings of a conference at the University of California, Riverside, Calif., 1980)*. New York: Academic Press. pp. 347–363. ISBN 0-12-481820-X.
* James, Robert C. (November 1982). "Bases in Banach spaces". *The American Mathematical Monthly*. **89** (9): 625–640. doi:10.2307/2975644. JSTOR 2975644. MR678808


title: Sir Arthur Young, 1st Baronet

abstract: Sir Arthur Stewart Leslie Young, 1st Baronet was a Scottish Unionist Party politician. Educated at Fettes College and abroad, he served during the First World War in the Scottish Rifles, reaching the rank of major. He sat as the member of parliament (MP) for Glasgow Partick from 1935 to 1950, and then sat for Glasgow Scotstoun until his death. He was Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Under-Secretary of State for Scotland from 1937 and Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for Scotland from 1939. In 1941, he was appointed Scottish Unionist Whip. He was a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury from 1942 to 1944, and Vice-Chamberlain of HM Household from 1944 to 1945. He was created a baronet on 7 September 1945.

text:
# Sir Arthur Young, 1st Baronet

**Sir Arthur Stewart Leslie Young, 1st Baronet** (10 October 1889 – 14 August 1950) was a Scottish Unionist Party politician.

Educated at Fettes College and abroad, he served during the First World War in the Scottish Rifles, reaching the rank of major.

He sat as the member of parliament (MP) for Glasgow Partick (UK Parliament constituency) from 1935 to 1950, and then sat for Glasgow Scotstoun (UK Parliament constituency) until his death.

He was Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Under-Secretary of State for Scotland from 1937 and Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for Scotland from 1939. In 1941, he was appointed Scottish Unionist Whip. He was a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury from 1942 to 1944, and Vice-Chamberlain of HM Household from 1944 to 1945.

He was created a baronet on 7 September 1945.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Sir Arthur Young, 1st Baronet
|  | CrestA lymphad Or under full sail its sail charged of the arms having a pennon Gules with the badge of Scotland in the hoist. EscutcheonArgent on three piles issuant from a chief Sable charged with three lymphads Or under full sail Argent flagged Gules as many annulets of the third. MottoServe Wisely With Faith |
| --- | --- |


title: FIL European Luge Championships 1971

abstract: The FIL European Luge Championships 1971 took place in Imst, Austria for the second time after having previously hosted the championships in 1956. A record four countries won medals at these championships.

text:
# FIL European Luge Championships 1971

The **FIL European Luge Championships 1971** took place in Imst, Austria for the second time after having previously hosted the championships in 1956. A record four countries won medals at these championships.

## Men's singles

| Medal | Athlete | Time |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gold | Horst Hörnlein (GDR) |  |
| Silver | Wolfgang Scheidel (GDR) |  |
| Bronze | Manfred Schmid (AUT) |  |

## Women's singles

| Medal | Athlete | Time |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gold | Erika Lechner (ITA) |  |
| Silver | Angela Knösel (GDR) |  |
| Bronze | Barbara Piecha (POL) |  |

## Men's doubles

| Medal | Athlete | Time |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gold | Italy (Paul Hildgartner, Walter Plaikner) |  |
| Silver | Austria (Manfred Schmid, Ewald Walch) |  |
| Bronze | Poland (Tadeusz Radwan, Janusz Krawczyk) |  |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Italy (ITA) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2 | East Germany (GDR) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 3 | Austria (AUT) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 4 | Poland (POL) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Totals (4 entries) | | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9 |


title: Sisters Island (Michigan)

abstract: Sisters Island is an island in River Raisin. It is in Monroe County, Michigan. Its coordinates are 41°55′10″N 83°24′15″W, and the United States Geological Survey gives its elevation as 587 ft (179 m).

text:
# Sisters Island (Michigan)

**Sisters Island** is an island in River Raisin. It is in Monroe County, Michigan. Its coordinates are 41°55′10″N 83°24′15″W / 41.91944°N 83.40417°W / 41.91944; -83.40417 (Sisters Island), and the United States Geological Survey gives its elevation as 587 ft (179 m).

## InfoBox

Sisters Island
| USGS aerial imagery of Sisters Island | |
| --- | --- |
| Sisters IslandSisters Island | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Michigan |
| Coordinates | 41°55′10″N 83°24′15″W / 41.91944°N 83.40417°W / 41.91944; -83.40417 (Sisters Island) |
| Adjacent to | River Raisin |
| Highest elevation | 587 ft (178.9 m) |
| Administration | |
| **United States** | |
| State | Michigan |
| County | Monroe |


title: The Dakota Kid

abstract: The Dakota Kid is a 1951 American Western film directed by Philip Ford and starring Michael Chapin, Eilene Janssen and James Bell. The film's sets were designed by the art director Frank Hotaling.

text:
# The Dakota Kid

***The Dakota Kid*** is a 1951 American Western film directed by Philip Ford and starring Michael Chapin, Eilene Janssen and James Bell.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Frank Hotaling.

## Plot

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Pitts, Michael R. *Western Movies: A Guide to 5,105 Feature Films*. McFarland, 2012.

## InfoBox

| The Dakota Kid | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Philip Ford |
| Written by | William Lively |
| Produced by | Rudy Ralston |
| Starring | Michael Chapin
Eilene Janssen
James Bell |
| Cinematography | John MacBurnie |
| Edited by | Harry Keller |
| Music by | Stanley Wilson |
| Production
company | Republic Pictures |
| Distributed by | Republic Pictures |
| Release date | * July 1, 1951 (1951-07-01) |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $52,471 |


title: Septuaginta zagulajevi

abstract: Septuaginta is a genus of moths in the family Pterophoridae containing only one species, Septuaginta zagulajevi, which is found in Russia.

text:
# Septuaginta zagulajevi

***Septuaginta*** is a genus of moths in the family Pterophoridae containing only one species, ***Septuaginta zagulajevi***, which is found in Russia (the Chita region in Siberia).

## InfoBox

| *Septuaginta* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pterophoridae |
| Genus: | *Septuaginta*
Ustjuzhanin, 1996 |
| Species: | ***S. zagulajevi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Septuaginta zagulajevi***
Ustjuzhanin, 1996 | |
|


title: South African Class 10C 4-6-2

abstract: The South African Railways Class 10C 4-6-2 of 1910 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in Transvaal. In 1910, the Central South African Railways placed twelve Class 10-C 4-6-2 Pacific type steam locomotives in service. In 1912, these locomotives were renumbered and designated Class 10C on the South African Railways roster.

text:
# South African Class 10C 4-6-2

The **South African Railways Class 10C 4-6-2** of 1910 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in Transvaal.

In 1910, the Central South African Railways placed twelve Class 10-C 4-6-2 Pacific type steam locomotives in service. In 1912, these locomotives were renumbered and designated Class 10C on the South African Railways roster.

## Manufacturer

In November and December 1910, twelve light 4-6-2 Pacific type passenger locomotives were placed in service by the Central South African Railways (CSAR). Designed by G.G. Elliot, Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the CSAR, they were built along similar lines to the Class 10-2 which had been delivered to the CSAR earlier in that same year, but they were slightly smaller and had smaller coupled wheels.

They were built for the CSAR by the North British Locomotive Company (NBL) and were designated Class 10-C, numbered in the range from 1003 to 1014. As built, they used saturated steam and had Belpaire fireboxes and Walschaerts valve gear.

They embodied some of the features of their larger Class 10-2 superheated predecessors, with the notable exceptions of the feedwater heaters and superheating. They were also fitted with the Flaman speed recorder, of which the driving gear was connected to the right trailing crank pin. A new feature was the placing of the Pyle National turbo-generator unit behind the dome on top of the boiler barrel.

## Tenders

Since they were originally intended for local passenger work around the Reef, the locomotives had been delivered with comparatively small Type XC tenders with a coal capacity of 5 long tons (5.1 tonnes) and 2,600 imperial gallons (11,800 litres) of water.

Their outside-admission piston valves with straight-ported cylinders made them extraordinarily free runners and they were soon found suitable for the mainline as well. To better equip them to handle mainline passenger trains, an order for new larger Type XM2 tenders was placed with Robert Stephenson and Company. Since the original tenders were already numbered for their respective engines, the new tenders, with works numbers D1540/1 to D1540/12, were numbered N1 to N12. They had a coal capacity of 10 long tons (10.2 tonnes) and 4,000 imperial gallons (18,200 litres) of water.

In March 1922, one of these engines, no. 775 with a new Type XM2 tender, worked a special Johannesburg-Cape Town fast passenger train over the Klerksdorp-Kimberley section. The locomotive covered the 182 miles (293 kilometres) with the 320 long tons (325 tonnes) train in 5 hours 55 minutes, including 34 minutes which were lost taking water and attending to a hot-running big-end bearing, attaining an average speed of 33.75 miles per hour (54 kilometres per hour). This was a creditable performance for a comparatively small locomotive with only 57 inches (1,448 millimetres) coupled wheels and which, at the time, was not yet superheated.

## Superheating

With the new larger tenders, the locomotives were therefore put to work on the Kimberley-Klerksdorp line. To enhance their performance in their new role as mainline locomotives, they were soon reboilered and equipped with superheaters, but they retained their Class 10C classification.

## South African Railways

When the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (Cape Government Railways, Natal Government Railways and CSAR) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways were only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.

In 1912, these locomotives were renumbered in the range from 767 to 778 and designated Class 10C on the South African Railways (SAR).

## Watson standard boilers

In the 1930s, many serving locomotives were reboilered with a standard boiler type, designed by then CME A.G. Watson as part of his standardisation policy. Such Watson Standard reboilered locomotives were reclassified by adding an "R" suffix to their classification.

All but two of the Class 10C locomotives, numbers 772 and 776, were eventually reboilered with Watson Standard no. 1 boilers and reclassified to Class 10CR.

Their original boilers were fitted with Ramsbottom safety valves, while the Watson Standard boilers were fitted with Pop safety valves. An obvious difference between an original and a Watson Standard reboilered locomotive is usually a rectangular regulator cover, just to the rear of the chimney on the reboilered locomotive. In the case of the Class 10CR locomotives, an even more obvious difference was the absence of the Belpaire firebox hump between the cab and boiler on the reboilered locomotives.

## Service

When the Kimberley-Klerksdorp line was eventually relaid with heavier rails, the Class 10CR were displaced by larger and more powerful locomotives and transferred to Cape Town, where most of them worked the local inter-urban services. Part of their duties was to haul the weekly mail trains between the East Pier and Monument Station. On Fridays, the Union-Castle Line’s mailship berthed at the East Pier, from where mail trains to Transvaal and Rhodesia would depart. A shunting engine would bring these carriages from the pier via Dock Road to Monument Station, where the mainline locomotive, dining saloon, kitchen car and carriages for local passengers would be attached. They remained in this service until they were later relegated to shunting and goods pickup work for the rest of their years.

The two Class 10C locomotives went to Bloemfontein to assist with shunting. After the entire Class was withdrawn in 1973, no. 771 was sold to Lorraine gold mine in the Free State. After being retired from mine service, it was obtained by Sandstone Estates for restoration in 2011.

## Works numbers

The table lists the locomotive and tender works numbers, the CSAR to SAR renumbering and the tender numbers for the Class 10C and 10CR locomotives.

## Illustration

The main picture shows Watson Standard reboilered Class 10CR no. 778, with a large dome cover, passing through Woltemade No. 4 near Cape Town, c. 1930. Woltemade No. 4 no longer exists and was located between the present-day Thornton and Goodwood stations on the line from Cape Town to Bellville. The pictures illustrate the differences in the appearance of the locomotives over their lifespan.

| External videos | |
| --- | --- |
| South African Steam: 10CR & 19D Loraine Gold Mine Open Day August 1997 Class 10CR no. 771 and Class 19D numbers 2765 and 3369, working at the Lorraine Gold Mine in the Free State, August 1997. (Time 8:42) | |

## InfoBox

| CSAR Class 10-C 4-6-2
South African Class 10C & 10CR 4-6-2 | |
| --- | --- |
| Class 10CR no. 778 passing Woltemade No. 4, near present-day Thornton, c. 1940 | |
| Type and origin  ♠ Class 10C as built with a Belpaire firebox
Class 10C, superheated
Class 10CR rebuilt with a Watson Standard boiler
ʘ Type XC tender \- ʘ Type XM2 tender  Power type Steam  Designer Central South African Railways
(G.G. Elliot)  Builder North British Locomotive Company  Serial number 19195-19206  Model CSAR Class 10-C  Build date 1910  Total produced 12 | |
| Specifications  Configuration:
   Whyte 4-6-2 (Pacific)  UIC ♠ 2'C1'n2 -  2'C1'h2  Driver 2nd coupled axle  Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge  Leading dia. 28+12 in (724 mm)  Coupled dia. 57 in (1,448 mm)  Trailing dia. 33 in (838 mm)  Tender wheels ʘʘ 33+12 in (851 mm) as built
ʘʘ 34 in (864 mm) retyred  Wheelbase 52 ft 4+12 in (15,964 mm)   Engine 28 ft 7+12 in (8,725 mm)  Leading 6 ft (1,829 mm)  Coupled 10 ft (3,048 mm)  Tender ʘ 14 ft 7 in (4,445 mm)
ʘ 16 ft 9 in (5,105 mm)  Tender bogie ʘʘ 4 ft 7 in (1,397 mm)  Length:
   Over couplers ʘ 59 ft 34 in (18,002 mm)
ʘ 62 ft 9 in (19,126 mm)  Height  12 ft 10 in (3,912 mm)
12 ft 11 in (3,937 mm)  Axle load ♠ 14 LT (14,220 kg)
14 LT 14 cwt (14,940 kg)
15 LT 6 cwt (15,550 kg)   Leading ♠ 11 LT 11 cwt (11,740 kg)
13 LT 12 cwt (13,820 kg)
15 LT 6 cwt (15,550 kg)  Coupled ♠ 14 LT (14,220 kg)  1st coupled  13 LT 19 cwt (14,170 kg)
14 LT 14 cwt (14,940 kg)  2nd coupled  14 LT 14 cwt (14,940 kg)
15 LT 6 cwt (15,550 kg)  3rd coupled  14 LT 2 cwt (14,330 kg)
14 LT 14 cwt (14,940 kg)  Trailing ♠ 11 LT 4 cwt (11,380 kg)
11 LT 15 cwt (11,940 kg)
12 LT 6 cwt (12,500 kg)  Tender bogie **Bogie 1:**
ʘ 17 LT (17,270 kg)
ʘ 24 LT 4 cwt (24,590 kg)
**Bogie 2:**
ʘ 17 LT 16 cwt (18,090 kg)
ʘ 25 LT 3 cwt (25,550 kg)  Tender axle ʘ 8 LT 18 cwt (9,043 kg)
ʘ 12 LT 11 cwt 2 qtr (12,780 kg)  Adhesive weight ♠ 42 LT (42,670 kg)
42 LT 15 cwt (43,440 kg)
44 LT 14 cwt (45,420 kg)  Loco weight ♠ 64 LT 15 cwt (65,790 kg)
68 LT 2 cwt (69,190 kg)
72 LT 6 cwt (73,460 kg)  Tender weight ʘ 34 LT 16 cwt (35,360 kg)
ʘ 49 LT 7 cwt (50,140 kg)  Total weight ♠ʘ 99 LT 11 cwt (101,100 kg)
ʘ 114 LT 2 cwt (115,900 kg)
ʘ 102 LT 18 cwt (104,600 kg)
ʘ 117 LT 9 cwt (119,300 kg)
ʘ 121 LT 13 cwt (123,600 kg)  Tender type XC (2-axle bogies)
XM2 (2-axle bogies)
XC, XC1, XD, XE, XE1, XF, XF1, XF2, XJ, XM, XM1, XM2, XM3, XM4, XP1, XS permitted  Fuel type Coal  Fuel capacity ʘ 5 LT (5.1 t)
ʘ 10 LT (10.2 t)  Water cap. ʘ 2,600 imp gal (11,800 L)
ʘ 4,000 imp gal (18,200 L)  Generator Pyle National turbo-generator  Firebox:   Type Belpaire \-  Round-top  Grate area  32 sq ft (3.0 m2)
36 sq ft (3.3 m2)  Boiler:
   Model  Watson Standard no. 1  Pitch  7 ft 4 in (2,235 mm)
8 ft (2,438 mm)  Diameter  4 ft 8+14 in (1,429 mm)
5 ft (1,524 mm)  Tube plates  16 ft 6+12 in (5,042 mm)
17 ft 9 in (5,410 mm)  Small tubes **183:** 2+14 in (57 mm)
**100:** 2+14 in (57 mm)
**76** 2+12 in (64 mm)  Large tubes  **18:** 5+12 in (140 mm)
**24:** 5+12 in (140 mm)  Boiler pressure  200 psi (1,379 kPa)  Safety valve  Ramsbottom
Pop  Heating surface:   Firebox  122 sq ft (11.3 m2)
123 sq ft (11.4 m2)  Tubes ♠ 1,783 sq ft (165.6 m2)
1,403 sq ft (130.3 m2)
1,497 sq ft (139.1 m2)  Total surface ♠ 1,905 sq ft (177.0 m2)
1,525 sq ft (141.7 m2)
1,620 sq ft (151 m2)  Superheater:
   Heating area  345 sq ft (32.1 m2)
366 sq ft (34.0 m2)  Cylinders Two  Cylinder size  18 in (457 mm) bore
26 in (660 mm) stroke  Valve gear Walschaerts  Valve type Piston  Couplers Johnston link-and-pin
AAR knuckle (1930s) | |
| Performance figures  Tractive effort  22,170 lbf (98.6 kN) @ 75% | |
| Career  Operators Central South African Railways
South African Railways  Class CSAR Class 10-C, SAR Class 10C  Number in class 12  Numbers CSAR 1003-1014, SAR 767-778  Delivered 1910-1911  First run 1910  Withdrawn 1973 | |


title: Shi Yiting

abstract: Shi Yiting is a Chinese para athlete. She has impaired muscle movement in her left arm and different lengths in both of her legs. She won four gold medals at the Summer Paralympics and six gold medals at the World Para Athletics Championships. In the 2020 Tokyo Paralympic Games, Yiting won the women's T36 class 100m final gold medal. In the Kobe Para Athletics World Championships, held in East Asia, she won the women's 100m T36 final where she set a new world record. She achieved the fastest run by a female para athlete in the T36 category which was 13.68 seconds on 20 July 2017 at the World Para Athletics Championships held in London, UK.

text:
# Shi Yiting

**Shi Yiting** (born October 17, 1997) is a Chinese para athlete. She has impaired muscle movement in her left arm and different lengths in both of her legs. She won four gold medals at the Summer Paralympics and six gold medals at the World Para Athletics Championships.

In the 2020 Tokyo Paralympic Games, Yiting won the women's T36 class 100m final gold medal.

In the Kobe Para Athletics World Championships, held in East Asia, she won the women's 100m T36 final where she set a new world record.

She achieved the fastest run (100 metres) by a female para athlete in the T36 category which was 13.68 seconds on 20 July 2017 at the World Para Athletics Championships held in London, UK.

## InfoBox

Shi Yiting
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Born | (1997-10-17) 17 October 1997<br>Chengzhou, China |
| Height | 1.58 m (5 ft 2 in) |
| Sport | |
| Country | China |
| Sport | Paralympic athletics |
| Disability class | T36 |
| Medal record      Women's para athletics  Representing  China  Paralympic Games  2016 Rio de Janeiro 200m T36  2020 Tokyo 100m T36  2020 Tokyo 200m T36  2024 Paris 100 m T36  2024 Paris 200 m T36  World Championships  2017 London 100m T36  2017 London 200m T36  2019 Dubai 100m T36  2019 Dubai 200m T36  2023 Paris 100m T36  2024 Kobe 100m T36  2024 Kobe 200m T36  Asian Para Games  2022 Hangzhou 100m T36  2022 Hangzhou 200m T36 | |


title: Bettina Oneto

abstract: Rosa Bertha Oneto Martínez, better known as Bettina Oneto, is a Peruvian actress, humorist, singer, stand-up comedian, and producer.

text:
# Bettina Oneto

**Rosa Bertha Oneto Martínez** (born 27 August 1957), better known as **Bettina Oneto**, is a Peruvian actress, humorist, singer, stand-up comedian, and producer.

## Biography

The daughter of comedian Carlos Oneto, Bettina Oneto debuted as a singer in a restaurant with a musical group in Toronto, Canada. She married Richard "Bimbo" Macedo (drummer of the rock group The Mad's), with whom she had her first daughter, Shantall Young Oneto. In 1978 she returned to Peru, where she began acting with Pepe Vilar on the program *Teatro como en el teatro*. She also appeared on various other programs, such as *La comedia Peruana* and *Volver a vivir*.

In 1981 she debuted as a vedette in the revue *Paro general* at the café-théâtre La Gata Caliente. She then moved to New York, where she attended courses in singing, theater, and dance.

She returned to Peru, where she starred in the revue *Los valatos del 85*, under the direction of Efraín Aguilar, along with Analí Cabrera, Doris Caballero, and Rodolfo Carrión.

She participated in cafés-théâtres such as El Ático, Sachariel, Canout, Monarisa, La Mueca, and Pimpinela.

From 1985 to 1988 she worked in the Orchestra of Carlos Brescia.

Oneto performed at the Peruvian National Theater, in the play *El pájaro azul*, playing "The Night". She married footballer Carlos Lazon, with whom she had two children. Beginning in 1998 she appeared in theatrical works directed by Osvaldo Cattone*Con el sexo no se juega*, *Annie*, *Marido mas mujer igual desastre*, *Filumena Marturano*, and *The Vagina Monologues*.

She appeared on the television comedy program *Risas y salsa*, as well as *Teatro desde el teatro*.

In 1999 she was called on by the producers and directors of *Jucare*, and presented the play *El espectáculo soy yo* in Barranco Station. This was a success, running for three years and touring Japan and the United States. The following year she released an album with the recording of a live performance.

In 2006 she performed in the show *¿Hija de su Madre?* In 2007 she starred in the drama *Matrimonio a la peruana*, and in 2008 she launched *El espectáculo sigo siendo yo*, compiling various performances from that year.

In 2011 she performed in the telenovela *La bodeguita*.

In 2012 she celebrated her 36-year artistic career with the show *Viva la vida*. That May through August, she appeared in the musical *Hairspray* as Motormouth Maybelle, under the direction of Juan Carlos Fisher at the Teatro Peruano Japonés. She then briefly participated in the dance reality program *El Gran Show*.

## Television credits

## InfoBox

| Bettina Oneto | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1957-08-27) 27 August 1957<br>Lima, Peru |
| Occupation(s) | Actress, comedian, producer, singer |
| Children | Shantall Young Oneto |
| Father | Carlos Oneto |


title: Vennaimalai

abstract: Vennaimalai is a village of Karur District located near Karur and Tiruchirappalli, in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the residential area in Karur District and is known for Balasubramaniyaswamy Temple.

text:
# Vennaimalai

**Vennaimalai** is a village of Karur District located near Karur and Tiruchirappalli, in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the residential area in Karur District and is known for Balasubramaniyaswamy Temple.

## Education

Bharani Park and Cheran Matriculation are two schools located near Vennamalai. Also the Kongu Arts and Science College is located near this area.

## Transport

Vennaimalai has frequent buses and mini-buses from Karur town. The nearest railway station is located in Karur.

## InfoBox

| Vennaimalai | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Balasubramaniyaswamy Temple | |
| VennaimalaiLocation in Tamil Nadu, IndiaVennaimalaiVennaimalai (India) | |
| Coordinates: 10°59′32.8″N 78°04′27.0″E / 10.992444°N 78.074167°E / 10.992444; 78.074167 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| District | Karur |
| Languages | |
| Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |


title: Sir Arthur Shaen, 2nd Baronet

abstract: Sir Arthur Shaen, 2nd Baronet was an Anglo-Irish politician. Shaen was the son of Sir James Shaen, 1st Baronet and Frances FitzGerald, a daughter of George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare. Between 1692 and his death in 1725, he was the Member of Parliament for Lismore in the Irish House of Commons. On 13 December 1695 he succeeded to his father's baronetcy. Shaen was High Sheriff of Mayo in 1708 and High Sheriff of Roscommon in 1709 and 1718. He was married twice; firstly to Jane Hele, daughter and heiress of Sir Samuel Hele, 2nd Baronet, and secondly to Susanna Magan, by whom he had two daughters. On his death without male heirs, his title became extinct.

text:
# Sir Arthur Shaen, 2nd Baronet

**Sir Arthur Shaen, 2nd Baronet** (c.1650 – 24 June 1725) was an Anglo-Irish politician.

Shaen was the son of Sir James Shaen, 1st Baronet and Frances FitzGerald, a daughter of George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare. Between 1692 and his death in 1725, he was the Member of Parliament for Lismore in the Irish House of Commons. On 13 December 1695 he succeeded to his father's baronetcy. Shaen was High Sheriff of Mayo in 1708 and High Sheriff of Roscommon in 1709 and 1718.

He was married twice; firstly to Jane Hele, daughter and heiress of Sir Samuel Hele, 2nd Baronet, and secondly to Susanna Magan, by whom he had two daughters. On his death without male heirs, his title became extinct.


title: Sivananda Colony

abstract: Sivananda Colony is a neighborhood and suburb in Coimbatore, India. Sivanandha colony shares its border with Tatabad, R. S. Puram, Rathinapuri and Goundampalayam.

text:
# Sivananda Colony

**Sivananda Colony** is a neighborhood and suburb in Coimbatore, India. Sivanandha colony shares its border with Tatabad, R. S. Puram, Rathinapuri and Goundampalayam.

## InfoBox

| Sivananda Colony | |
| --- | --- |
| neighbourhood | |
| Corporatation Shopping Complex, Sivanandha Colony | |
| Coordinates: 11°1′23″N 76°57′25″E / 11.02306°N 76.95694°E / 11.02306; 76.95694 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| District | Coimbatore |
| Population | |
| Total | 45,243 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 641012 |
| Telephone code | 0422 |
| Vehicle registration | TN-66 |


title: Dread Empire's Fall

abstract: Dread Empire's Fall is a space opera novel series, written since 2002 by the American author Walter Jon Williams.

text:
# Dread Empire's Fall

***Dread Empire's Fall*** is a space opera novel series, written since 2002 by the American author Walter Jon Williams.

## Setting and synopsis

The *Dread Empire's Fall* series is set in a future in which the powerful Shaa species thousands of years ago conquered several other intelligent species, including humanity; imposing on them their inflexible set of laws known as "the Praxis". When the last living Shaa dies, the species they conquered first, the Naxids, attempts to appoint itself rulers of the former Shaa empire. A civil war erupts when the other species resist them, including the protagonists, Terran (human) naval officers Caroline Sula and Gareth Martinez. Since the Shaa empire stopped expanding long ago and its military was largely occupied by training and suppressing the occasional mutiny or revolt, its strategic and tactical doctrines have become matters of rigid, unchanging tradition. To stop the Naxids, the other species must practice innovation and creativity, something the Shaa attempted to stamp out long ago.

## Reception

At *Tor.com*, Jo Walton appreciated the trilogy consisting of the first three novels as very well-made, "funny and clever" conventional examples of their genre: "There’s a war, in which the characters get to do clever things and get promoted. If you like military SF you’ll like it."

## Books

The first three novels form a trilogy, while the later books are stand-alone works set after the events of the trilogy.

* The *Dread Empire's Fall* trilogy:

* *The Praxis* (2002), ISBN 0-7434-2897-8
* *The Sundering* (2003), ISBN 0-7434-2898-6
* *Conventions of War* (2005), ISBN 0-7432-5677-8
* Standalone novellas:

* Second trilogy:


title: Serrulina

abstract: Serrulina is a genus of air breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium.

text:
# Serrulina

***Serrulina*** is a genus of air breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium.

## Species and subspecies

Species and subspecies in the genus *Serrulina* include:

* *Serrulina serrulata* (L. Pfeiffer 1847)
    + *Serrulina serrulata serrulata* (L. Pfeiffer 1847)
    + *Serrulina serrulata amanica* (Naegele 1906)
* *Serrulina sieversi* (L. Pfeiffer 1871)
    + *Serrulina sieversi sieversi* (L. Pfeiffer 1871)
    + *Serrulina sieversi occidentalis* Likharev 1962

## InfoBox

| *Serrulina* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Clausiliidae |
| Genus: | *Serrulina*<br>Mousson, 1873 |
|


title: Shine Your Way

abstract: "Shine Your Way" is a song by American electronica project Owl City and Malaysian singer Yuna. The song was released on March 4, 2013, from the 2013 DreamWorks Animation film, The Croods.

text:
# Shine Your Way

"**Shine Your Way**" is a song by American electronica project Owl City and Malaysian singer Yuna. The song was released on March 4, 2013, from the 2013 DreamWorks Animation film, *The Croods*.

## Background

During post-production of *The Croods*, Kirk DeMicco and Chris Sanders created a playlist to "evoke the feeling they wanted" for the film, in which several tracks on that playlist were by Owl City. Sanders stated they wanted Owl City, because he provides, "just the right weight and the right lift you need." According to Yuna, Silvestri reached out to Young, who also needed a female vocalist for the track.

## Composition

"Shine Your Way" was written and produced by Alan Silvestri, Glen Ballard, Kirk DeMicco and Chris Sanders. The song has been described as a positive and optimistic track. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com, by Alfred Music Publishing, the track runs at 120 BPM and is in the key of D flat major. Young and Yuna's range in the song spans from the notes Bb3 to Bb5.

## Critical reception

Robbie Daw of *Idolator* gave a positive review for the song stating, "All the right elements, both natural and musical, are present for this one to become a radio staple this spring – and for Malaysian songstress Yuna to finally break out in a big way." The song was eligible for Best Original Song at the Oscars in 2013.

## Live performances

Owl City and Yuna performed "Shine Your Way" on *The Tonight Show With Jay Leno* on March 14, 2013.

## Music video

The music video for "Shine Your Way" premiered via VEVO on March 15, 2013. The video showcases Yuna and Young performing the song around the animated landscape of the film.

## Charts

Chart performance for "Shine Your Way"
| Chart (2013) | Peak<br>position |
| --- | --- |
| South Korea International Chart (GAON) | 93 |

## Use in media

"Shine Your Way" was performed by the top ten contestants on the singing competition series *American Idol*.

## InfoBox

| "Shine Your Way" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by Owl City and Yuna | |
| from the album  **The Croods* soundtrack* | |
| Released | March 4, 2013 (2013-03-04) |
| Length | 3:27 |
| Label | Relativity Music Group |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | * Silvestri * Ballard * Young |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Shine Your Way" on YouTube | |
|  | |