title: Facelina bilineata

abstract: Facelina bilineata is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Facelinidae.

text:
# Facelina bilineata

***Facelina bilineata*** is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Facelinidae.

## Distribution

This species has been reported from Japan.

## InfoBox

| *Facelina bilineata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Nudibranchia |
| Suborder: | Cladobranchia |
| Family: | Facelinidae |
| Genus: | *Facelina* |
| Species: | ***F. bilineata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Facelina bilineata***<br>Hirano & Ito, 1998 | |
|


title: Stardom Gold Rush 2023

abstract: Stardom Gold Rush 2023 was a professional wrestling event promoted by World Wonder Ring Stardom. It took place on November 19, 2023, in Osaka, Japan, at the Edion Arena Osaka. Eight matches were contested at the event, including two on the pre-show, and three of Stardom's ten championships were on the line. The main event saw the Baribari Bombers defeat Stars in a six-woman tag team Tables, Ladders, and Chairs Moneyball tournament final for the Artist of Stardom Championship.

text:
# Stardom Gold Rush 2023

**Stardom Gold Rush 2023** (スターダムゴールドラッシュ2023, *Sutādamugōrudorasshu 2023*) was a professional wrestling event promoted by World Wonder Ring Stardom. It took place on November 19, 2023, in Osaka, Japan, at the Edion Arena Osaka.

Eight matches were contested at the event, including two on the pre-show, and three of Stardom's ten championships were on the line. The main event saw the Baribari Bombers (Giulia, Thekla and Mai Sakurai) defeat Stars (Hazuki, Hanan and Saya Iida) in a six-woman tag team Tables, Ladders, and Chairs Moneyball tournament final for the Artist of Stardom Championship.

## Production

### Background

The show featured eight professional wrestling matches that result from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portray villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that build tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches.

Tam Nakano was scheduled to defend the World of Stardom Championship against Suzu Suzuki but pulled out due to injury on November 6. Suzuki instead faced AZM and the returning Starlight Kid in a Three-way match.

### Event

The event started with two preshow matches broadcast live on Stardom's YouTube channel. In the first bout, Kaori Yoneyama who wrestled as "Billiken Death", her Gold Rush pay-per-view gimmick which resembles the real life counterpart of charm doll Billiken last eliminated Queen's Quest's Miyu Amasaki to win the traditional Biliken battle royal. In the second bout, Hazuki, Hanan and Saya Iida picked up a victory over Konami, Ami Sourei and Hanako in the semifinals of the moneyball tournament.

In the first main card bout, Giulia, Thekla and Mai Sakurai defeated Natsuko Tora, Momo Watanabe and Ruaka in the second moneyball tournament semifinal. Next up, Mei Seira defeated Momoka Hanazono to secure the first defense of the High Speed Championship in that respective reign. In the fifth bout, AZM defeated Suzu Suzuki and a returning Starlight Kid in a three-way match. After the bout concluded, AZM challenged Giulia to a match for the Strong Women's Championship. Next, Syuri defeated Aliss Ink who wrestled under the name of Scandinavian Hurricane via technical knockout in a UWF Rules match. In the semi main event, Mirai went into a time-limit draw against Saori Anou in a match for the Wonder of Stardom Championship. The draw granted Mirai the successful defense, the third consecutive one in that respective reign.

In the main event, Giulia, Thekla and Mai Sakurai defeated Hazuki, Hanan and Saya Iida to win the moneyball tournament in a bout which was also disputed for the Artist of Stardom Championship, where the Donna Del Mondo sub-group secured the third defense of the titles in that respective reign. After the bout concluded, Thekla issued a challenge for Mei Seira's High Speed Championship. The match was scheduled to take place at *Nagoya Big Winter* on December 2, 2023.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1P | Billiken Death won by last eliminating Miyu Amasaki | Biliken battle royal | 14:44 |
| 2P | Stars (Hazuki, Hanan and Saya Iida) defeated God's Eye (Konami, Ami Sourei) and Hanako | Six-woman tag team Moneyball tournament semifinal | 10:32 |
| 3 | Baribari Bombers (Giulia, Thekla and Mai Sakurai) defeated Oedo Tai (Natsuko Tora, Momo Watanabe and Ruaka) | Six-woman tag team Moneyball tournament semifinal | 9:28 |
| 4 | Mei Seira (c) defeated Momoka Hanazono | Singles match for the High Speed Championship | 7:18 |
| 5 | AZM defeated Suzu Suzuki and Starlight Kid | Three-way match | 10:15 |
| 6 | Syuri defeated Scandinavian Hurricane by TKO | UWF Rules match | 10:15 |
| 7 | Mirai (c) vs. Saori Anou ended in a time-limit draw | Singles match for the Wonder of Stardom Championship | 30:00 |
| 8 | Baribari Bombers (Giulia, Thekla and Mai Sakurai) (c) defeated Stars (Hazuki, Hanan and Saya Iida) | Six-woman tag team Tables, Ladders, and Chairs Moneyball tournament finals for the Artist of Stardom Championship | 10:27 |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match  P  – the match was broadcast on the pre-show | | | |

1. Kreikenbohm, Philip (November 18, 2023). "Stardom Gold Rush 2023". *cagematch.net*. Retrieved November 19, 2023.
2. World Wonder Ring Stardom. 2023.11.18 (土) ［開催決定］『STARDOM GOLD RUSH 2023 ～しらんけどスターダム～』エディオンアリーナ大阪第１競技場. *wwr-stardom.com* (in Japanese). Retrieved October 21, 2023.
3. Grabianowski, Ed (13 January 2006). "How Pro Wrestling Works". *HowStuffWorks, Inc.* Discovery Communications. Archived from the original on November 29, 2013. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
4. Thompson, Andrew (October 12, 2023). "Tam Nakano sidelined with knee injury". *Post Wrestling*. Archived from the original on November 18, 2023. Retrieved November 18, 2023.
5. World Wonder Ring Stardom (November 18, 2023). 【第1試合まで 無料配信】11・18『LEC Presents STARDOM GOLD RUSH 2023 ～しらんけどスターダム～』エディオンアリーナ大阪第1競技場. *youtube.com* (in Japanese). Retrieved November 18, 2023.
6. Edwards, Scott (November 18, 2023). "STARDOM GOLD RUSH 2023 Results (11/17/23): MIRAI vs. Saori Anou". *Fightful*. Archived from the original on November 18, 2023. Retrieved November 18, 2023.
7. Lee, Joseph (November 18, 2023). "STARDOM Gold Rush 2023 Results". *411Mania*. Archived from the original on December 3, 2023. Retrieved November 19, 2023.
8. Daly, Wayne (November 18, 2023). "STARDOM Results: Gold Rush 2023 – Osaka, Japan (11/18)". *wrestling-news.net*. Archived from the original on November 19, 2023. Retrieved November 19, 2023.
9. Gonzalez, Troy (November 21, 2023). "STARDOM Gold Rush Results (11/18/23): MIRAI vs. Saori Anou, Moneyball Tournament Finals, And More". *WrestleZone*. Archived from the original on November 28, 2023. Retrieved November 25, 2023.
10. Carlin, James (October 16, 2023). "The former Red Belt champion's next UWF Rules match will be contested against Swedish wrestler Aliss Ink". *Monthly Puroresu*. Archived from the original on November 9, 2023. Retrieved October 21, 2023.

## InfoBox

| Gold Rush 2023 | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional poster of the event featuring Mirai, Saori Anou, Momoka Hanazono and Mei Seira | |
| Promotion | World Wonder Ring Stardom |
| Date | November 18, 2023 |
| City | Osaka, Japan |
| Venue | Edion Arena Osaka |
| Attendance | 1,033 |
| Event chronology | |
| **Previous**
New Blood West 1 **Next**
Nagoya Big Winter | |
| Gold Rush chronology | |
| **Previous**
2022 **Next**
 | |


title: Queen Lurline

abstract: Queen Lurline is a fictional character in the Oz books by L. Frank Baum and other authors. The name "Lurline" is a variant of Loreley, the Rhine nymph; the name has been used for ships, and has other associations.

text:
# Queen Lurline

**Queen Lurline** is a fictional character in the Oz books by L. Frank Baum and other authors.

The name "Lurline" is a variant of Loreley, the Rhine nymph; the name has been used for ships, and has other associations.

## Lurline in L. Frank Baum's books

### Descriptions in the Oz books

In the Oz mythos, Lurline is first mentioned in *The Tin Woodman of Oz*. She is the ethereal Queen of the Fairies and their creator. She is credited with enchanting the Land of Oz centuries ago so that it became a fairy country. Prior to this, Oz was just an ordinary country shut off from the rest of the world by four impassable deserts. After enchanting the country, Lurline left Princess Ozma to rule the country together with King Pastoria.

Lurline is therefore a fundamental ingredient in the backstory or foundation myth of Oz; and as such she recurs in various subsequent Oz books  as in Edward Einhorn's *Paradox in Oz*  and is at least mentioned in others  from Baum's *Glinda of Oz* to Dave Hardenbrook's *The Unknown Witches of Oz*.

### Possible references in other series

In Baum's book, *The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus*, the Queen of the Fairies is unnamed, and the Queen of the Wood Nymphs is named Zurline. Some debate exists among fans of the Oz books as to whether the unnamed Fairy Queen and Lurline are the same person. *Queen Zixi of Ix* depicts another Fairy Queen named Lulea, who is based in the Forest of Burzee, just as The Fairy Queen and Queen Zurline of the Wood Nymphs are.

## Lurline in Gregory Maguire's books

Lurline also appears in *Wicked*, Gregory Maguire's 1995 revisionist novel set in Oz; she is sometimes called "Lurlina". Maguire's version of Lurline is depicted as the central figure in a pagan religion in Oz. Although faith in the fairy queen Lurline is described as out of fashion, Oz celebrates a winter holiday dedicated to her, known as Lurlinemas. Lurline's followers are sometimes persecuted by believers in one of Oz's other major religion, Unionism, which worships "The Unnamed God."

## InfoBox

| Queen Lurline | |
| --- | --- |
| *Oz* character | |
| First appearance | *The Tin Woodman of Oz* (1918) |
| Last appearance | *Time Travelers of Oz* (2003) |
| Created by | L. Frank Baum |
| In-universe information | |
| Alias | Lulea? |
| Species | Fairy |
| Gender | Female |
| Title | Queen of the Fairies |
| Spouse | Pastoria |
| Children | Ozma (daughter) |
| Relatives | Her fairy band; L. Frank Baum said she descends from a long line of fairy Queens |


title: Eure-Roberts House

abstract: Eure-Roberts House is a historic home located at Gatesville, Gates County, North Carolina. It was built about 1850, and is a large two-story, side-gable frame dwelling. It was remodeled about 1901 to add a Queen Anne wraparound porch. Also on the property is a one-story, side-gable heavy braced-frame smokehouse built about 1850. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

text:
# Eure-Roberts House

**Eure-Roberts House** is a historic home located at Gatesville, Gates County, North Carolina. It was built about 1850, and is a large two-story, side-gable frame dwelling. It was remodeled about 1901 to add a Queen Anne wraparound porch. Also on the property is a one-story, side-gable heavy braced-frame smokehouse built about 1850.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Eure-Roberts House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Front and southern side | |
|  | |
| Location | 212 W. Main St., Gatesville, North Carolina |
| Coordinates | 36°24′23″N 76°45′9″W / 36.40639°N 76.75250°W / 36.40639; -76.75250 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | c. 1850 (1850), c. 1901 |
| Architectural style | Queen Anne |
| NRHP reference No. | 06000868 |
| Added to NRHP | September 20, 2006 |


title: The Fatherland

abstract: The Fatherland was a World War I era weekly periodical published by poet, writer, and noted propagandist George Sylvester Viereck (1884–1962), advocating "Fair Play for Germany and Austria-Hungary". Having been born in Munich, Germany, and moved to New York City in 1896, Viereck graduated from the College of the City of New York and directly entered the world of publishing.

text:
# The Fatherland

***The Fatherland*** was a World War I era weekly periodical published by poet, writer, and noted propagandist George Sylvester Viereck (1884–1962), advocating "Fair Play for Germany and Austria-Hungary". Having been born in Munich, Germany, and moved to New York City in 1896, Viereck graduated from the College of the City of New York and directly entered the world of publishing.

## Background

Viereck outspokenly supported the German cause at the outset of World War I, and his poetry reflected his pro-German zeal. Drawing on experience gained while working on his father's German-language monthly, *Der deutsche Vorkämpfer* (The German Pioneer), later called *Rundschau Zweier Welten* (Review of Two Worlds), the younger Viereck now channeled his German sympathies into his own publication. He founded *The Fatherland* in August 1914, a weekly publication in English that reached a circulation of 75,000, by some estimates, and 100,000 by others, to promote American neutrality in the war and give voice to German support. *The Fatherland*  was advertised on the cover of its first issues as a magazine devoted to “Fair Play for Germany and Austria-Hungary.”

Three German-American banker friends helped Viereck with the fifty dollars needed to start up *The Fatherland*. The first edition of ten thousand copies sold out quickly in New York. The publication grew to thirty employees almost immediately and “took upon itself the task of exposing the malfeasance of the Allied countries, of revealing the prejudices and distortions of the American press, and of rallying German-Americans in their own defense.” The weekly received part of its funding from a German propaganda cabinet set up in New York society, with which Viereck worked closely.

One of the contributors to *The Fatherland* was Aleister Crowley.

Viereck was accused by the *New York World* of receiving German subsidies for propaganda purposes, but the Department of Justice was unable to prosecute. Still, Viereck faced social censure, being driven from his house by a lynch mob and expelled from the Authors League as well as the Poetry Society of America.

Viereck’s personal circumstances affected the publication life and reception of *The Fatherland*. When America entered the war, he subdued the publication’s tone of German sympathy and changed its title. It was *New World* and *Viereck's: The American Weekly* in February 1917, *Viereck's American Monthly* in August 1918, and *American Monthly* in October 1920.

The Joseph McGarrity Collection of Villanova University’s Special Collections and Digital Library contains issues of *The Fatherland* from volume 1:1 (August 1914) to 6:2 (February 1917).

## Editions

* **1914**
    + The Fatherland v. 1 no. 1 - v. 1 no. 21
* **1915**
    + The Fatherland v. 1 no. 22 - v. 3 no. 21
* **1916**
    + The Fatherland v. 3 no. 22 - v. 5 no. 21
* **1917**
    + The Fatherland v. 5 no. 22 - v. 6 no. 2


title: Evangelical Lyceum

abstract: Evangelic Lutheran Lyceum in Bratislava, Slovakia, was founded in 1606 by David Kilger as a Lutheran high school. Until 1656 was Evangelical Lyceum a school with eight classes, two of them elementary school. Among its students, from 1829 to 1836, was the young Ľudovít Štúr, who became a member of Czech-Slav Society at the school, an important influence on his life as a Slovak nationalist. Between 1923 and 1989 the school was closed, but it was reopened in 1991 as a bilingual school, and continues to operate today.

text:
# Evangelical Lyceum

**Evangelic Lutheran Lyceum** (**Evanjelické lyceum**) in Bratislava, Slovakia, was founded in 1606 by David Kilger as a Lutheran high school. Until 1656 was Evangelical Lyceum a school with eight classes, two of them elementary school. Among its students, from 1829 to 1836, was the young Ľudovít Štúr, who became a member of Czech-Slav Society at the school, an important influence on his life as a Slovak nationalist.

Between 1923 and 1989 the school was closed, but it was reopened in 1991 as a bilingual school, and continues to operate today.

## Sources

48°07′29″N 17°05′28″E / 48.1247592°N 17.0910425°E / 48.1247592; 17.0910425

## InfoBox

| Evangelical Lyceum
Evanjelické lýceum v Bratislave | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Vranovská 2
Bratislava, 85102
Slovakia | |
| Information | |
| School type | Faith school, Bilingual school |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Lutheran |
| Established | 1606 (1606) |
| Status | open |
| Closed | 1923 |
| Teaching staff | 63 |
| Employees | 74 |
| Age | 14 to 19 |
| Number of students | 414 (31 August 2012) |
| Education system | Slovak |
| Language | Slovak, English |
| Website | http://evlyceum.sk/ |


title: Bulbophyllum leibergii

abstract: Bulbophyllum leibergii is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum. The species epitaph is in honor of John Bernhard Leiberg.

text:
# Bulbophyllum leibergii

***Bulbophyllum leibergii*** is a species of orchid in the genus *Bulbophyllum*. The species epitaph is in honor of John Bernhard Leiberg.

## InfoBox

| *Bulbophyllum leibergii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Genus: | *Bulbophyllum* |
| Species: | ***B. leibergii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Bulbophyllum leibergii***<br>Ames & Rolfe | |
|


title: Sarah Price (swimmer)

abstract: Sarah Jane Price is a female English former backstroke swimmer.

text:
# Sarah Price (swimmer)

**Sarah Jane Price** (born 19 April 1979) is a female English former backstroke swimmer.

## Swimming career

Price represented Great Britain in the Olympics and European championships, and competed for England in the Commonwealth Games. She began her swimming career at the Potters Bar club, and turned professional aged 15. She set her first British record in 1997 in the 50-metre backstroke. She also swam for Barnet Copthall Swimming Club, before ending her career at Loughborough University.

In 2001, at the European Short Course Swimming Championships, Price set a world record in the 200-metre backstroke winning gold. At the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, she won gold medals in the 100-metre and 200-metre backstroke races, and bronze in the 50-metre race and the 4×100-metre medley relay. At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, she cut her leg on an underwater camera and was eliminated as a result. Price retired in March 2005.

At the ASA National British Championships she won the 50 metres backstroke title four times (1996, 2001, 2002, 2003) and the 100 metres backstroke title four times (1997, 1998, 2001, 2002).

## InfoBox

Sarah Price
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Sarah Jane Price |
| National team | Great Britain |
| Born | (1979-04-19) 19 April 1979<br>Enfield, London, England |
| Height | 1.71 m (5 ft 7 in) |
| Weight | 66 kg (146 lb; 10.4 st) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Swimming |
|  | |
| Strokes | Backstroke |
| College team | Loughborough University |
|  | |
| Medal record      Women's swimming  Representing Great Britain  European Championships – Long Course  1997 Seville  4×100 m medley  European Championships – Short Course  2001 Antwerp  200 m backstroke  2002 Riesa  200 m backstroke  2001 Antwerp  100 m backstroke  2004 Vienna  200 m backstroke  1999 Lisbon  100 m backstroke  2000 Valencia  4×50 m medley  2002 Riesa  100 m backstroke  Representing  England  Commonwealth Games  2002 Manchester  100 m backstroke  2002 Manchester  200 m backstroke  1998 Kuala Lumpur  4×100 m medley  2002 Manchester  50 m backstroke  2002 Manchester  4×100 m medley | |


title: Ehrenfried-Oskar Boege

abstract: Ehrenfried-Oskar Boege was a German general during World War II who held several corps level commands. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany. Boege surrendered to the Soviet forces in May 1945 in the Courland Pocket. Convicted as a war criminal in the Soviet Union, he was held until 1955.

text:
# Ehrenfried-Oskar Boege

**Ehrenfried-Oskar Boege** (11 November 1889 – 31 December 1965) was a German general during World War II who held several corps level commands. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany.

Boege surrendered to the Soviet forces in May 1945 in the Courland Pocket. Convicted as a war criminal in the Soviet Union, he was held until 1955.

## Awards and decorations

### Citations

### Bibliography

* Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) \[1986\]. *Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile* \[*The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches*\] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
* Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). *Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II* \[*The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2*\] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
* Thomas, Franz (1997). *Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1: A–K* \[*The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 1: A–K*\] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7648-2299-6.

## InfoBox

| Ehrenfried-Oskar Boege | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 11 November 1889
Ostrowo |
| Died | 31 December 1965(1965-12-31) (aged 76)
Hildesheim |
| Allegiance | German Empire
Weimar Republic
Nazi Germany |
| Service/branch | Army |
| Years of service | 1913-45 |
| Rank | General of the Infantry |
| Commands | 197th Infantry Division
XXXXIII Army Corps
18th Army |
| Battles/wars | Courland Pocket |
| Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves |


title: Stardom Golden Week Fight Tour

abstract: Stardom Golden Week Fight Tour was a professional wrestling event promoted by World Wonder Ring Stardom. The event took place on May 5, 2022, in Fukuoka, Japan at the Fukuoka Convention Center, with a limited attendance due in part to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic at the time. Seven matches were contested at the event, including one on the pre-show, and three of Stardom's seven championships were on the line. The main event saw Saya Kamitani defeat Maika to retain the Wonder of Stardom Championship. In other prominent matches, FWC defeated Black Desire to win the Goddesses of Stardom Championship, and Mayu Iwatani defeated Thekla to win the SWA World Championship.

text:
# Stardom Golden Week Fight Tour

**Stardom Golden Week Fight Tour** (スターダムゴールデンウィークファイトツアー, *Sutādamugōruden'u~īkufaitotsuā*) was a professional wrestling event promoted by World Wonder Ring Stardom. The event took place on May 5, 2022, in Fukuoka, Japan at the Fukuoka Convention Center, with a limited attendance due in part to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic at the time.

Seven matches were contested at the event, including one on the pre-show, and three of Stardom's seven championships were on the line. The main event saw Saya Kamitani defeat Maika to retain the Wonder of Stardom Championship. In other prominent matches, FWC (Hazuki and Koguma) defeated Black Desire (Momo Watanabe and Starlight Kid) to win the Goddesses of Stardom Championship, and Mayu Iwatani defeated Thekla to win the SWA World Championship.

## Storylines

### Background

After she successfully defended the World of Stardom Championship against Giulia at Stardom World Climax 2022 on March 26, Syuri announced her departure from Donna Del Mondo to create a new stable which was later named as God's Eye, with Mirai and Ami Sourei being the first two recruits that Syuri aligned herself with. The new unit's leader stated that God's Eye will number one more member on May 5, where they will face Donna Del Mondo in an elimination tag team match. On the first night of the 2022 Cinderella Tournament from April 3, Saya Kamitani and Maika went into a double disqualification after they eliminated themselves simultaneously over the top rope. The 2021's edition of the tournament finalists were set to collide on May 5 for Kamitani's "White belt" after Maika issued a challenge.

### Event

The show featured total of seven professional wrestling matches that resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches. The event will be the pay-per-view and largest show of the "Stardom Golden Week Fight Tour" series of smaller events which will take place between May 1 and 8, 2022. The event's press conference was held on April 27, 2022 at the Tokyo Culture Culture venue and was broadcast on Stardom's YouTube channel.

Jushin Liger joined the commentary table for the night. On the third match of the night, Mayu Iwatani defeated Thekla to win the SWA World Championship and being one title away from winning all of Stardom's possible championships. Iwatani was also billed as the second "grand slam champion" of Stardom alongside Io Shirai. The fifth match saw God's Eye's Syuri, Mirai, Ami Sourei and a briefly returning Konami picking up a victory over Donna Del Mondo (Giulia, Himeka, Natsupoi and Mai Sakurai). The following bout saw Hazuki and Koguma recapturing the Goddesses of Stardom Championship from Momo Watanabe and Starlight Kid. They became the first team to ever win the titles on more than one occasion.

The main event portraited the confrontation between Saya Kamitani and Maika for the Wonder of Stardom Championship, match which solded with Kamitani retaining her title. After the victory, Cinderella Tournament winner Mirai stepped up to remind Kamitani of their title match from Stardom Flashing Champions which was set to occur on May 28, 2022.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1P | Hina defeated Waka Tsukiyama | Singles match | 6:25 |
| 2 | Stars (Hanan, Saya Iida and Momo Kohgo) defeated Oedo Tai (Saki Kashima, Ruaka and Rina) | Six-woman tag team match | 8:43 |
| 3 | Cosmic Angels (Tam Nakano, Mina Shirakawa and Unagi Sayaka) defeated Queen's Quest (Utami Hayashishita, AZM and Lady C) | Six-woman tag team match | 10:03 |
| 4 | Mayu Iwatani defeated Thekla (c) | Singles match for the SWA World Championship | 17:26 |
| 5 | God's Eye (Syuri, Mirai, Ami Sourei and Konami) defeated Donna Del Mondo (Giulia, Himeka, Natsupoi and Mai Sakurai) | Eight-woman elimination tag team match | 26:32 |
| 6 | FWC (Hazuki and Koguma) defeated Black Desire (Momo Watanabe and Starlight Kid) (c) | Tag team match for the Goddesses of Stardom Championship | 22:19 |
| 7 | Saya Kamitani (c) defeated Maika | Singles match for the Wonder of Stardom Championship | 24:58 |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match  P  – the match was broadcast on the pre-show | | | |

## InfoBox

| Stardom Golden Week Fight Tour | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional poster featuring various Stardom wrestlers | |
| Promotion | World Wonder Ring Stardom |
| Date | May 5, 2022 |
| City | Fukuoka, Japan |
| Venue | Fukuoka Convention Center |
| Attendance | 1,156 |
| Event chronology | |
| **Previous**
Stardom Cinderella Tournament 2022 **Next**
New Blood 2 | |


title: Red Edwards

abstract: Eugene Hoffman "Red" Edwards was an American football player and coach. After graduating from Weston High School in Weston, West Virginia, Edwards played quarterback for Knute Rockne at the University of Notre Dame. As a two-year starter, he led the team to a record of 7–2–1 in 1925, and 9–1 as a captain in 1926. Later in his career, while coaching at Saint Vincent College in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, Edwards was offered the head coaching position for the Pittsburgh Steelers by owner Art Rooney, but he declined. In 1956, he and his wife Sarah returned to his home town of Weston to accept a position with Citizens Bank, where he eventually became chairman of the board of directors in 1968. Edwards was inducted into the West Virginia Sports Hall of Fame in 1970.

text:
# Red Edwards

**Eugene Hoffman "Red" Edwards** (March 15, 1904  December 22, 1981) was an American football player and coach.

After graduating from Weston High School in Weston, West Virginia, Edwards played quarterback for Knute Rockne at the University of Notre Dame. As a two-year starter, he led the team to a record of 7–2–1 in 1925, and 9–1 as a captain in 1926.

Later in his career, while coaching at Saint Vincent College in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, Edwards was offered the head coaching position for the Pittsburgh Steelers by owner Art Rooney, but he declined. In 1956, he and his wife Sarah (née Brewster) returned to his home town of Weston to accept a position with Citizens Bank, where he eventually became chairman of the board of directors in 1968.

Edwards was inducted into the West Virginia Sports Hall of Fame in 1970.

* Citizens Bank of Weston, "Art Deco in 1980". Archived from the original on May 4, 2008.
* Gene Hoffman Edwards, "Descendants of Thomas Aloysius Edwards".

## InfoBox

| Gene Edwards | |
| --- | --- |
| College | Notre Dame |
| Conference | Independent |
| Sport | Football |
| Position | Quarterback |
| Jersey # | 25 |
| Career | 1924–1926 |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) |
| Weight | 161 lb (73 kg) |
| Nationality | American |
| Born | (1904-03-15)March 15, 1904
Weston, West Virginia, U.S. |
| Died | December 22, 1981(1981-12-22) (aged 77)
Weston, West Virginia, U.S. |
| High school | Weston High School |
| Championships | |
| 1924 NCAA Championship | |


title: Fabian Weinhandl

abstract: Fabian Weinhandl is an Austrian professional ice hockey goaltender who is currently an unrestricted free agent who was most recently under contract to EC Red Bull Salzburg of the Austrian Hockey League (EBEL). He previously played with EC KAC after joined the club on April 10, 2013, from the Vienna Capitals on a two-year contract. On May 27, 2015, Weinhandl returned to the EBEL after a stint on loan to Ritten/Renon in the Italian Serie A, signing a one-year deal to serve as the backup with EC Red Bull Salzburg. He participated at the 2011 IIHF World Championship as a member of the Austria men's national ice hockey team.

text:
# Fabian Weinhandl

**Fabian Weinhandl** (born January 3, 1987) is an Austrian professional ice hockey goaltender who is currently an unrestricted free agent who was most recently under contract to EC Red Bull Salzburg of the Austrian Hockey League (EBEL).

He previously played with EC KAC after joined the club on April 10, 2013, from the Vienna Capitals on a two-year contract. On May 27, 2015, Weinhandl returned to the EBEL after a stint on loan to Ritten/Renon in the Italian Serie A, signing a one-year deal to serve as the backup with EC Red Bull Salzburg.

He participated at the 2011 IIHF World Championship as a member of the Austria men's national ice hockey team.

## InfoBox

| Fabian Weinhandl | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Born | (1987-01-03) January 3, 1987
Graz, Austria | | |
| Height | 6 ft 3 in (191 cm) | | |
| Weight | 218 lb (99 kg; 15 st 8 lb) | | |
| Position | Goaltender | | |
| Catches | Left | | |
| EBEL team
Former teams | *Free Agent*
Graz 99ers
Vienna Capitals
EC KAC
Ritten/Renon
EC Red Bull Salzburg | | |
| National team | Austria | | |
| NHL draft | Undrafted | | |
| Playing career | 2006present | | |


title: Fabian Wilkens Solheim

abstract: Fabian Wilkens Solheim is a Norwegian alpine ski racer. At the 2017 Junior World Championships he finished twelfth in the giant slalom. He made his FIS Alpine Ski World Cup debut in December 2018 in Val d'Isere, and collected his first World Cup points in January 2019 in Adelboden with a 22nd-place finish. At the world championships 2021 he was part of the team winning gold medals in the team event. He represents the sports club IL Heming.

text:
# Fabian Wilkens Solheim

**Fabian Wilkens Solheim** (born 10 April 1996) is a Norwegian alpine ski racer.

At the 2017 Junior World Championships he finished twelfth in the giant slalom. He made his FIS Alpine Ski World Cup debut in December 2018 in Val d'Isere, and collected his first World Cup points in January 2019 in Adelboden with a 22nd-place finish. At the world championships 2021 he was part of the team winning gold medals in the team event.

He represents the sports club IL Heming.

## World Championship results

| Year | Age | Slalom | Giant
slalom | Super-G | Downhill | Combined | Team
event |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2021 | *24* |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## InfoBox

Fabian Wilkens Solheim
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1996-04-10) 10 April 1996
Oslo, Norway |
| Occupation | Alpine skier |
|  | |
| Skiing career | |
| Disciplines | Slalom, giant slalom, combined |
| Club | IL Heming |
| World Championships | |
| Teams | 1 – (2021) |
| Medals | 1 (1 gold) |
| Medal record      Olympic Games  2022 Beijing Team event  World Championships  2021 Cortina d’Ampezzo Team event | |
|  | |


title: 1903 Kentucky Derby

abstract: The 1903 Kentucky Derby was the 29th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 2, 1903, and offered a purse of $6,000.

text:
# 1903 Kentucky Derby

The **1903 Kentucky Derby** was the 29th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 2, 1903, and offered a purse of $6,000.

## Full results

| Finished | Post | Horse | Jockey | Trainer | Owner | Time / behind |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1st |  | Judge Himes | Harold Booker | John P. Mayberry | Charles R. Ellison | 2:09.00 |
| 2nd |  | Early | Jimmy Winkfield | Patrick Dunne | Myron H. Tichenor & Co. | 34 |
| 3rd |  | Bourbon | Richard Crowhurst | Thomas Clay McDowell | Thomas Clay McDowell | 6 |
| 4th |  | Bad News | Willie Davis | French Brooks | J. H. Woodford & Buckner | 12 |
| 5th |  | Woodlake | George Helgeson | Thomas Clay McDowell | Thomas Clay McDowell | 3 |
| 6th |  | Treacy | Frank Landry | M. J. Powers | T. H. Stevens | 5 |

## Payout

* The winner received a purse of $4,850.
* Second place received $700.
* Third place received $300.

## InfoBox

29th Kentucky Derby
| Kentucky Derby | |
| --- | --- |
| 1903 Kentucky Derby winner Judge Himes | |
| Location | Churchill Downs |
| Date | May 2, 1903 |
| Winning horse | Judge Himes |
| Jockey | Hal Booker |
| Trainer | John P. Mayberry |
| Owner | Charles R. Ellison |
| Surface | Dirt |
|  | |


title: John Y. Hill

abstract:
John Y. Hill was an American builder, tailor, bricklayer, cattle herder, hotel operator, and state legislator in Kentucky. He was born in Shepherds Town, Virginia in 1799 and moved to Elizabethtown, Hardin County, Kentucky, in approximately 1818. He worked as a tailor from approximately 1818 and into the 1830s. He also worked as a bricklayer and builder from 1825 and into the 1840s. He also served in the Kentucky House of Representatives. In approximately 1825, he built the Hill House, a Federal-style building in Elizabethtown. In the 1840s, he began operating Hill House as a boarding house. Hill died of pneumonia in August 1859. His second wife, Rebecca Davis Stone Hill, continued to operate Hill House until she died in 1882. General George Armstrong Custer lived at the house from 1871 to 1873. A number of Hill's works as a builder are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Works include:
  - William Bland House, KY 222, 2.5 mi. W of Glendale, Glendale, Kentucky, NRHP-listed
  - Hill House (1825), aka Brown Pusey House Community Center, 128 N. Maine St., Elizabethtown, Kentucky, NRHP-listed
  - First Baptist Church, 112 W. Poplar St., Elizabethtown, Kentucky, NRHP-listed
  - McKinney-Helm House (1825), 218 W. Poplar St., Elizabethtown, Kentucky, NRHP-listed
  - Horatio Wintersmith House, 221 W. Poplar St., Elizabethtown, Kentucky, NRHP-listed

text:
# John Y. Hill

**John Y. Hill** (August 14, 1799 - August 2, 1859) was an American builder, tailor, bricklayer, cattle herder, hotel operator, and state legislator in Kentucky. He was born in Shepherds Town, Virginia in 1799 and moved to Elizabethtown, Hardin County, Kentucky, in approximately 1818. He worked as a tailor from approximately 1818 and into the 1830s. He also worked as a bricklayer and builder from 1825 and into the 1840s. He also served in the Kentucky House of Representatives. In approximately 1825, he built the Hill House (later known as Brown Pusey House), a Federal-style building in Elizabethtown. In the 1840s, he began operating Hill House as a boarding house. Hill died of pneumonia in August 1859. His second wife, Rebecca Davis Stone Hill, continued to operate Hill House (sometimes referred to during her operation as "Aunt Beck Hill's Boarding House") until she died in 1882. General George Armstrong Custer lived at the house from 1871 to 1873.

A number of Hill's works as a builder are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Works include (with attribution):


title: Vackář oscillator

abstract: A Vackář oscillator is a wide range variable frequency oscillator (VFO) which has a near constant output amplitude over its frequency range. It is similar to a Colpitts oscillator or a Clapp oscillator, but those designs do not have a constant output amplitude when tuned.

text:
# Vackář oscillator

A **Vackář oscillator** is a wide range variable frequency oscillator (VFO) which has a near constant output amplitude over its frequency range. It is similar to a Colpitts oscillator or a Clapp oscillator, but those designs do not have a constant output amplitude when tuned.

## Invention

In 1949, the Czech engineer Jiří Vackář published a paper on the design of stable variable-frequency oscillators (VFO). The paper discussed many stability issues such as variations with temperature, atmospheric pressure, component aging, and microphonics. For example, Vackář describes making inductors by first heating the wire and then winding the wire on a stable ceramic coil form. The resulting inductor has a temperature coefficient of 6 to 8 parts per million per degree Celsius. Vackář points out that common air variable capacitors have a stability of 2 parts per thousand; to build a VFO with a stability of 50 parts per million requires that the variable capacitor is only 1/40 of the tuning capacity (.002/40 = 50ppm). The stability requirement also implies the variable capacitor may only tune a limited range of 1:1.025. Larger tuning ranges require switching stable fixed capacitors or inductors.

Vackář was interested in high stability designs, so he wanted the highest  for his circuits. It is possible to make wide range VFOs with stable output amplitude by heavily damping (loading) the tuned circuit, but that tactic substantially reduces the Q and the frequency stability.

Vackář was also concerned with the amplitude variations of the variable-frequency oscillator as it is tuned through its range. Ideally, an oscillator's loop gain will be unity according to the Barkhausen stability criterion. In practice, the loop gain is adjusted to be a little more than one to get the oscillation started; as the amplitude increases, some gain compression then causes the loop gain to average out over a complete cycle to unity. If the VFO frequency is then adjusted, the gain may increase substantially; the result is more gain compression is needed, and that affects both the output amplitude of the VFO and its frequency stability.

Vackář reviewed several existing circuits for their amplitude stability. In his analysis, Vackář made several assumptions. He assumed the tuned circuit has a constant quality factor (Q) over the VFO's frequency range; this assumption implies that the tank's effective resistance increases linearly with frequency (ω). The Clapp oscillator's transconductance is proportional to *ω*3. If the Clapp transconductance is set to just oscillate at the lowest frequency, then the oscillator will be overdriven at its highest frequency. If the frequency changed by a factor of 1.5, then the loop gain at the high end would be 3.375 times higher; this higher gain requires significant compression. Vackář concluded that the Clapp oscillator "can only be used for operation on fixed frequencies or at the most over narrow bands (max. about 1:1.2)." In contrast, the Seiler (tapped capacitor) and Lampkin (tapped inductor) oscillators have a transconductance requirement that is proportional to *ω*1.

Vackář then describes an oscillator circuit due to Radioslavia in 1945 that maintained "a comparatively constant amplitude over a wide frequency range." Vackář reports that VFO circuit being used by the Czechoslovak Post Office since 1946. Vackář analyzes the circuit and explains how to get an approximately constant amplitude response. The circuit's transconductance increases linearly with frequency, but that increase is offset by the tuning inductor's increasing Q. This circuit has become known as the Vackář VFO. Vackář referred to the circuit as "our circuit" and states that O. Landini independently discovered the circuit and published it (without an analysis) in *Radio Rivista* in 1948. Vackář describes a VFO design using this circuit that covers a modest frequency range of 1:1.17.

Vackář then describes a variation of the Radioslavia circuit that can cover a frequency range of 1:2.5 or even 1:3. This circuit tries to compensate for some variation in Q over the useful range of the VCO. Vackář patented this new circuit and two variations of it.

## Circuit operation

The schematic above is the equivalent of Fig. 5 in his paper (Radioslavia design), redrawn for the use of a junction FET. L1 and the capacitors form the resonant circuit of a Colpitts oscillator, and capacitors Cv and Cg also serve as the grid voltage divider. The circuit can be tuned with C0. Example values are from his paper. Resistor RL is part of the simulation, not part of the circuit. L2 is a radio frequency choke.

It is similar to an earlier Seiler oscillator, the difference is that in Seiler's the C0 is connected to the other side of Ca. Vackář based his design on stability analysis of Gouriet-Clapp (Vackář claims it is for fixed frequency or a very narrow band, max 1:1.2), Seiler and Lampkin oscillators (in the Lampkin's, an inductive voltage divider on the tuned circuit coil is used instead Cv, Cg, and Ca of Seiler's; schematics in the 1st ref).

The oscillator's stability is due largely to the dependency of the tube's (or transistor's) forward transconductance on the resonant frequency (ω) of the tuned circuit. Specifically, Vackář found that forward transconductance varied as *ω*3 for the Clapp oscillator, as 1/*ω* for the Seiler oscillator, and as *ω*/*Q* for his design, where the Q factor of the coil (L1) increases with ω.

The conditions for a forward transconductance that varies minimally with respect to *ω* are met when:

$C\_{a}\gg C\_{0}\gg C\_{v},$ and

$$C\_{g}\gg C\_{v}$$

and the Q of the resonator increases in proportion to ω, which is often approximated by real-world inductors.


title: 1910–11 Rochdale A.F.C. season

text:
# 1910–11 Rochdale A.F.C. season

The 1910–11 season saw Rochdale compete in The F.A. Cup for the 3rd time and reached the fifth qualifying round. The also competed in the Lancashire Combination Division 1 and finished top of the table.

## Statistics

| No. | Pos | Nat | Player | Total | | Lancs Comb Div 1 | | F.A. Cup | | Lancs Snr Cup | | Friendlies | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
|  | GK |  | Reeves | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|  | DF | ENG | Joe Blackett | 46 | 2 | 35 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | DF | ENG | Norman Riddell | 25 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|  | MF | ENG | Willie Cooper | 42 | 1 | 31 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | MF |  | Edward Thomason | 35 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|  | MF | ENG | Jimmy Freeborough | 36 | 4 | 28 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
|  | MF | ENG | Jack Manning | 35 | 5 | 25 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|  | MF | ENG | Tom Fleetwood | 39 | 23 | 26 | 18 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
|  | FW | ENG | Bob Grierson | 42 | 19 | 31 | 15 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | FW | ENG | Frederick Bracey | 8 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
|  | MF | ENG | Albert Smith | 51 | 20 | 38 | 16 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
|  | MF | ENG | Percy Hartley | 9 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|  | GK | ENG | Billy Biggar | 48 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|  | MF | ENG | James Henderson | 39 | 3 | 28 | 2 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | MF |  | H. Morgan | 6 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
|  | FW | ENG | Jimmy Kenyon | 38 | 19 | 30 | 17 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | MF |  | F. Greenhalgh | 8 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
|  | DF | SCO | Danny Crossan | 24 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|  | MF |  | Ernest Cutts | 5 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | FW | ENG | Alf Gregson | 15 | 2 | 15 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | FW |  | Harry Moon | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | FW | ENG | Eversley Mansfield | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | FW |  | Marcroft | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | FW |  | D Kennedy | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
|  | FW |  | JH Jones | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |

## Competitions

### Lancashire Combination Division 1

| 3 September 1910 (1910-09-03) 1 | **Rochdale** | **3–0** | **Colne** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Bracey
Fleetwood |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 5000 |

| 5 September 1910 (1910-09-05) 2 | **Chorley** | **4–0** | **Rochdale** | Chorley |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

 |  |  | Stadium: Ranglets Recreation Ground
Attendance: 3000 |

| 10 September 1910 (1910-09-10) 3 | **Bury Reserves** | **1–0** | **Rochdale** | Bury |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Gigg Lane
Attendance: 6000 |

| 19 September 1910 (1910-09-19) 4 | **Blackburn Rovers Reserves** | **1–5** | **Rochdale** | Blackburn |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Henderson
Smith
Fleetwood
Manning | Stadium: Ewood Park
Attendance: 2000 |

| 24 September 1910 (1910-09-24) 5 | **Rochdale** | **2–1** | **Chorley** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Manning
Freeborough  (pen.) |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 5000 |

| 8 October 1910 (1910-10-08) 6 | **Rochdale** | **3–1** | **Oldham Athletic Reserves** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Fleetwood
Kenyon |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 4000 |

| 22 October 1910 (1910-10-22) 7 | **Rochdale** | **4–2** | **Accrington Stanley** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Smith
Grierson |  |
 | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 7000 |

| 29 October 1910 (1910-10-29) 8 | **Nelson** | **2–3** | **Rochdale** | Nelson |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |
 |  | Grierson
Kenyon | Stadium: Seedhill
Attendance: 5000 |

| 12 November 1910 (1910-11-12) 9 | **Rochdale** | **5–0** | **Bury Reserves** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Smith
Kenyon
Fleetwood |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 4000 |

| 15 November 1910 (1910-11-15) 10 | **Rochdale** | **4–0** | **Bolton Wanderers Reserves** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Fleetwood
Manning
Smith |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 2000 |

| 10 December 1910 (1910-12-10) 11 | **Manchester United Reserves** | **0–2** | **Rochdale** | Manchester |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Kenyon | Stadium: Old Trafford
Attendance: 1500 |

| 17 December 1910 (1910-12-17) 12 | **Southport Central** | **2–2** | **Rochdale** | Southport |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |
 |  | ?  (o.g.)
Grierson | Stadium: Haig Avenue
Attendance: 1000 |

| 24 December 1910 (1910-12-24) 13 | **Preston North End Reserves** | **0–1** | **Rochdale** | Preston |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Freeborough | Stadium: Deepdale
Attendance: 3000 |

| 26 December 1910 (1910-12-26) 14 | **Rochdale** | **2–1** | **Liverpool Reserves** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Fleetwood
Manning |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 6500 |

| 27 December 1910 (1910-12-27) 15 | **Bolton Wanderers Reserves** | **2–2** | **Rochdale** | Bolton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |
 |  | Smith  (pen.)
Grierson | Stadium: Burnden Park
Attendance: 3000 |

| 31 December 1910 (1910-12-31) 16 | **St Helens Recreation** | **3–1** | **Rochdale** | St Helens |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

 |  | Smith  (pen.) | Stadium: Boundary Road ?
Attendance: 1000 |

| 2 January 1911 (1911-01-02) 17 | **Rochdale** | **4–1** | **St Helens Recreation** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Fleetwood
Kenyon |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 3500 |

| 7 January 1911 (1911-01-07) 18 | **Rochdale** | **4–1** | **Manchester United Reserves** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Smith
Grierson
Blackett
Kenyon |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 6000 |

| 14 January 1911 (1911-01-14) 19 | **Glossop Reserves** | **1–3** | **Rochdale** | Glossop |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Kenyon
Fleetwood | Stadium: North Road |

| 21 January 1911 (1911-01-21) 20 | **Rochdale** | **1–1** | **Everton Reserves** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Cutts |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 9500 |

| 28 January 1911 (1911-01-28) 21 | **Accrington Stanley** | **0–1** | **Rochdale** | Accrington |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Smith | Stadium: Peel Park
Attendance: 4000 |

| 4 February 1911 (1911-02-04) 22 | **Rochdale** | **2–1** | **Nelson** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Fleetwood
Smith |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 5000 |

| 11 February 1911 (1911-02-11) 23 | **Blackpool Reserves** | **3–2** | **Rochdale** | Blackpool |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

 |  | Fleetwood | Stadium: Bloomfield Road
Attendance: 2500 |

| 18 February 1911 (1911-02-18) 24 | **Rochdale** | **2–0** | **Blackpool Reserves** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Kenyon
Fleetwood |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 3500 |

| 25 February 1911 (1911-02-25) 25 | **Rochdale** | **1–0** | **Stockport County** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Freeborough |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 3000 |

| 4 March 1911 (1911-03-04) 26 | **Rochdale** | **3–1** | **Manchester City Reserves** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Freeborough  (pen.)
Grierson
Fleetwood |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 3000 |

| 11 March 1911 (1911-03-11) 27 | **Oldham Athletic Reserves** | **1–3** | **Rochdale** | Oldham |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Fleetwood
Grierson
Kenyon | Stadium: Boundary Park
Attendance: 10000 |

| 18 March 1911 (1911-03-18) 28 | **Colne** | **3–1** | **Rochdale** | Colne |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

 |  | Gregson | Stadium: Cottontree
Attendance: 3000 |

| 21 March 1911 (1911-03-21) 29 | **Rochdale** | **4–1** | **Burnley Reserves** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Grierson
Kenyon
Smith |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 1000 |

| 28 March 1911 (1911-03-28) 30 | **Burnley Reserves** | **0–0** | **Rochdale** | Burnley |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Turf Moor
Attendance: 3000 |

| 1 April 1911 (1911-04-01) 31 | **Rochdale** | **1–0** | **Southport Central** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Moon |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 7000 |

| 3 April 1911 (1911-04-03) 32 | **Stockport County** | **1–1** | **Rochdale** | Stockport |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Kenyon | Stadium: Edgeley Park
Attendance: 1000 |

| 8 April 1911 (1911-04-08) 33 | **Rochdale** | **4–0** | **Glossop Reserves** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Bracey
Smith |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 4000 |

| 14 April 1911 (1911-04-14) 34 | **Liverpool Reserves** | **2–2** | **Rochdale** | Liverpool |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |
 |  | Manning
Gregson | Stadium: Anfield
Attendance: 16000 |

| 15 April 1911 (1911-04-15) 35 | **Rochdale** | **2–0** | **Preston North End Reserves** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Grierson |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 5500 |

| 17 April 1911 (1911-04-17) 36 | **Everton Reserves** | **1–0** | **Rochdale** | Liverpool |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Goodison Park
Attendance: 6000 |

| 22 April 1911 (1911-04-22) 37 | **Rochdale** | **4–3** | **Blackburn Rovers Reserves** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Bracey
Henderson |  |

 | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 4000 |

| 29 April 1911 (1911-04-29) 38 | **Manchester City Reserves** | **4–3** | **Rochdale** | Manchester |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

 |  | Smith
Kenyon
Cooper | Stadium: Hyde Road
Attendance: 2000 |

### F.A. Cup

| 17 September 1910 (1910-09-17) Prel. | **Rochdale** | **2–1** | **Earlestown** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Grierson
Fleetwood |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 2500 |

| 1 October 1910 (1910-10-01) Q1 | **Rochdale** | **2–1** | **St Helens Town** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Grierson
Henderson |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 2000 |

| 15 October 1910 (1910-10-15) Q2 | **Heywood United** | **3–4** | **Rochdale** | Heywood |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

 |  | Fleetwood
Grierson
Smith  (pen.)
Kenyon | Stadium: ?
Attendance: 8000 |

| 5 November 1910 (1910-11-05) Q3 | **Rochdale** | **1–0** | **St Helens Recreation** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Grierson |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 4000 |

| 19 November 1910 (1910-11-19) Q4 | **Rochdale** | **0–0** | **Stockport County** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 6941 |

| 21 November 1910 (1910-11-21) Q4 | **Stockport County** | **0–0** | **Rochdale** | Stockport |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Edgeley Park
Attendance: 1500 |

| 28 November 1910 (1910-11-28) Q4 | **Stockport County** | **0–1** | **Rochdale** | Oldham |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Blackett | Stadium: Boundary Park
Attendance: 2276 |

| 3 December 1910 (1910-12-03) Q5 | **Rochdale** | **1–1** | **Luton Town** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Fleetwood |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 9933 |

| 7 December 1910 (1910-12-07) Q5 | **Luton Town** | **3–2** | **Rochdale** | Luton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

 |  | Kenyon
Smith  (pen.) | Stadium: Kenilworth Road
Attendance: 4000 |

### Lancashire Senior Cup

| 26 September 1910 (1910-09-26) 1 | **Rochdale** | **2–0** | **Colne** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Smith |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 1000 |

| 10 October 1910 (1910-10-10) 2 | **Burnley** | **1–0** | **Rochdale** | Burnley |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Turf Moor
Attendance: 1500 |

### Friendlies

| 1 September 1910 (1910-09-01) | **Rochdale** | **4–0** | **Heywood United** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Bracey
Fleetwood |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 2000 |

| 26 November 1910 (1910-11-26) | **Rochdale** | **1–0** | **Northern Nomads** | Rochdale |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Kennedy |  |  | Stadium: Spotland Stadium
Attendance: 500 |

## InfoBox

Rochdale
| 1910–11 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Stadium | Spotland Stadium |
| Lancashire Combination Division 1 | 1st |
| FA Cup | 5th Qualifying Round |
| Top goalscorer | League: Tom Fleetwood
All: Tom Fleetwood |
|  | |


title: Redon station

abstract: Redon is a railway station serving the town of Redon, Ille-et-Vilaine department, western France. The station is situated on the Rennes–Redon railway and the Savenay–Landerneau railway.

text:
# Redon station

**Redon** is a railway station serving the town of Redon, Ille-et-Vilaine department, western France. The station is situated on the Rennes–Redon railway and the Savenay–Landerneau railway.

## Services

The station is served by high speed trains to Quimper and Paris, and regional trains to Quimper, Lorient, Vannes, Nantes and Rennes.

## InfoBox

| Redon | |
| --- | --- |
| Redon railway station | |
| General information | |
| Location | Redon, Ille-et-Vilaine, Brittany,  France |
| Coordinates | 47°39′6″N 2°5′19″W / 47.65167°N 2.08861°W / 47.65167; -2.08861 |
| Line(s) | Rennes–Redon railway <br>Savenay–Landerneau railway |
| Platforms | 5 |
| Other information | |
| Station code | 87471300 |
| History | |
| Opened | 21 September 1862 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station SNCF Following station  Vannestowards Quimper  TGV  Rennestowards Montparnasse  Preceding station TER Bretagne Following station  Questemberttowards Quimper  2  Messac-Guiprytowards Rennes  3  Saint-Gildas-des-Boistowards Nantes  Malansactowards Vannes  15  Masséractowards Rennes  Preceding station TER Pays de la Loire Following station  *Terminus*  2  Sévéractowards Nantes | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: 1910 Paris–Roubaix

abstract: The 1910 Paris–Roubaix was the 15th edition of the Paris–Roubaix, a classic one-day cycle race in France. The single day event was held on 27 March 1910 and stretched 266 km (165 mi) from Paris to its end in a velodrome in Roubaix. The winner of this race for professionals was Octave Lapize from France. In addition to the race for professionals, there were two related Paris–Roubaix events in 1910. On 15 May, the race was run for amateurs, as the first leg of the Paris–Brussels race. The winner of this stage was Louis Mottiat. Two weeks later, there was another Paris–Roubaix race, this time for independents. This was won by Marcel Baumier.

text:
# 1910 Paris–Roubaix

The **1910 Paris–Roubaix** was the 15th edition of the Paris–Roubaix, a classic one-day cycle race in France. The single day event was held on 27 March 1910 and stretched 266 km (165 mi) from Paris to its end in a velodrome in Roubaix. The winner of this race for professionals was Octave Lapize from France.

In addition to the race for professionals, there were two related Paris–Roubaix events in 1910. On 15 May, the race was run for amateurs, as the first leg of the Paris–Brussels race. The winner of this stage was Louis Mottiat. Two weeks later, there was another Paris–Roubaix race, this time for independents. This was won by Marcel Baumier.

## Results

Final results (1–10)
| Rank | Cyclist | Time |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Octave Lapize (FRA) | 9h 5' 12″ |
| 2 | Cyrille Van Houwaert (BEL) | +0' 00″ |
| 3 | Eugène Christophe (FRA) | +0' 00″ |
| 4 | Édouard Léonard (FRA) | +0' 48″ |
| 5 | Charles Crupelandt (FRA) | +7' 33″ |
| 6 | René Vandenberghe (BEL) | +12' 48″ |
| 7 | Léon Georget (FRA) | +12' 49″ |
| 8 | Jules Messelis (BEL) | +15' 18″ |
| 9 | Gustave Garrigou (FRA) | +17' 48″ |
| 10 | Joseph Van Daele (BEL) | +17' 48″ |
|

## InfoBox

1910 Paris–Roubaix
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Race details | |
| Dates | 27 March 1910 |
| Stages | 1 |
| Distance | 266 km (165.3 mi) |
| Winning time | 9h 5' 12" |
| Results | |
| Winner  Octave Lapize (FRA)  Second  Cyrille Van Houwaert (BEL)  Third  Eugène Christophe (BEL) | |
|


title: FC Dabas

abstract: Football Club Dabas is a professional football club based in Dabas, Pest County, Hungary, that competes in the Nemzeti Bajnokság III, the third tier of Hungarian football.

text:
# FC Dabas

**Football Club Dabas** is a professional football club based in Dabas, Pest County, Hungary, that competes in the Nemzeti Bajnokság III, the third tier of Hungarian football.

## Name changes

* ?–50: Alsódabasi EPOSz
* 1997–00: Dabas VSE
* 2000–02: Diego-FC Dabas
* 2000: purchased the right from Érdi VSE
* 2002–2022: Football Club Dabas
* 2022-present: Meton-FC Dabas Se

## InfoBox

Meton-FC Dabas Se
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Meton-Football Club Dabas |
| Founded | 1950 (1950) |
| Ground | Wellis Sportpark |
| Capacity | 2,500 |
| Manager | László Tóth |
| League | NB III
Southeast |
| 2023–24 | NB III
Southeast, 9th of 16 |
| Website | Club website |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Red Intercable (Argentina)

abstract: Red Intercable SA is a network of independent cable television operators in Argentina. This company acts as an agent for more than 230 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in over 580 locations in 21 provinces. It reaches more than 610,000 households around the country.

text:
# Red Intercable (Argentina)

**Red Intercable SA** is a network of independent cable television operators in Argentina. This company acts as an agent for more than 230 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in over 580 locations in 21 provinces. It reaches more than 610,000 households around the country.

## History

The roots of Red Intercable are linked to the very origin of cable television in Argentina. In the 60s, small entrepreneurs in the interior, at their own risk and effort, developed networks in remote towns of the great capitals that were not in reach of the air television. In the 90s, driven by the various provincial associations, an organization of cable operators emerged. This organization grouped both of Argentina's largest operators of small systems, as Cable Television. In 1998, during one of the concentration processes that took place in Argentina, separate cable operators created Red Intercable SA.

## Services

* Digital Television for SMEs Pack Programming Platform Content Complementarios
* Monthly Magazine subscribers
* Enabling-Disabling Centralized Remote Encoding Addressable
* Tax Advice
* Legal and audio signal with exclusive content

### NOC

Red Intercable Digital SA, has an operations center where workers carry out their maintenance, control, and monitoring of the network in different localities to which it serves.

### Research and development

As a broadband product, Red Intercable later developed Soon Digital SA: an Internet service and IP telephone company that provides connectivity to the localities in which it operates.


title: Facelinopsis marioni

abstract: Facelinopsis marioni is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Facelinidae.

text:
# Facelinopsis marioni

***Facelinopsis marioni*** is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Facelinidae.

## Distribution

This species was described from the Rade de Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.

## Description

The typical adult size of this species is 10 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Facelinopsis marioni* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura
clade Nudipleura
clade Nudibranchia
clade Dexiarchia
clade Cladobranchia

clade Aeolidida |
| Superfamily: | Aeolidioidea |
| Family: | Facelinidae |
| Genus: | *Facelinopsis* |
| Species: | ***F. marioni*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Facelinopsis marioni***
(Vayssière, 1888) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Facelina marioni* Vayssière, 1888 | |


title: Facelis

abstract:
Facelis (trampweed) is a genus of South American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.
  - Species
  - Facelis brachyantha Macloskie - Patagonia
  - Facelis lasiocarpa (Griseb.) Cabrera - Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Argentina
  - Facelis plumosa (Wedd.) Sch.Bip. - Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Chile
  - Facelis retusa (Lam.) Sch.Bip.  - Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, northern Argentina, Chile; naturalized in parts of Africa, Australia, and North America

text:
# Facelis

***Facelis*** (**trampweed**) is a genus of South American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

Species

## InfoBox

| *Facelis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Facelis retusa | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Subfamily: | Asteroideae |
| Tribe: | Gnaphalieae |
| Genus: | *Facelis*
Cass. |
|
| Type species | |
| *Facelis apiculata*
(syn of *F. retusa)*
Cass. | |


title: Johnsville, Ohio

abstract: Johnsville, also known as Shauck, is an unincorporated community in northern Perry Township, Morrow County, Ohio, United States. It has a post office with the ZIP code 43349. It is located at the intersection of U.S. Route 42 with State Route 314.

text:
# Johnsville, Ohio

**Johnsville**, also known as **Shauck**, is an unincorporated community in northern Perry Township, Morrow County, Ohio, United States. It has a post office with the ZIP code 43349. It is located at the intersection of U.S. Route 42 with State Route 314.

## History

Johnsville was laid out in 1834, and named for John Ely, proprietor. The post office in Johnsville is called Shauck. This post office was established in 1824.

## InfoBox

| Johnsville, Ohio | |
| --- | --- |
| Shauck Post Office and Marvin's Village Market | |
| Nickname: Shauck | |
| Location of Johnsville, Ohio | |
| Coordinates: 40°37′15″N 82°39′43″W / 40.62083°N 82.66194°W / 40.62083; -82.66194 | |
| Elevation | 1,345 ft (410 m) |
| GNIS feature ID | 1061200 |


abstract: The 1915 British football betting scandal occurred when a Football League First Division match between Manchester United and Liverpool at Old Trafford on 2 April 1915 was fixed in United's favour, with players from both sides benefiting from bets placed upon the result. In all, seven players were found to have participated in the scandal and all were subsequently banned for life, although most later had their bans overturned.

text:
# 1915 British football match-fixing scandal

The **1915 British football betting scandal** occurred when a Football League First Division match between Manchester United and Liverpool at Old Trafford on 2 April (Good Friday) 1915 was fixed in United's favour, with players from both sides benefiting from bets placed upon the result. In all, seven players were found to have participated in the scandal and all were subsequently banned for life, although most later had their bans overturned.

## The match

At the time of the match, Manchester United were struggling to avoid relegation, while Liverpool were in mid-table and neither challenging for honours nor facing the threat of relegation themselves. The effects of the First World War provided further motivation to perpetrate a fix – by the end of March it was almost certain that the league would suspend operations after the 1914–15 season was finished, interrupting and possibly ending the footballing careers of everyone then playing in the league. Also, the players perhaps thought that the diversion of the conflict would lessen the attention that would normally be paid to a dubious match result.

The match ended in a 2–0 win to United, with George Anderson scoring both goals. However, the match referee and some observers noted Liverpool's lack of commitment during the game – they had missed a penalty that had been awarded to them, and when Fred Pagnam hit the Manchester United crossbar late in the match, his teammates publicly remonstrated with him.

## Investigation and punishments

After the match, handbills started to appear, alleging that a large amount of money had been bet at odds of 7/1 on a 2–0 win to United. The Football Association launched an investigation and found that players from both sides had been involved in rigging the match: Sandy Turnbull, Arthur Whalley and Enoch West of United, and Jackie Sheldon, Tom Miller, Bob Pursell and Thomas Fairfoul of Liverpool; Sheldon was a former United player himself and was found to be the plot's ringleader. Some players, such as Pagnam and United's George Anderson, had refused to take part. Pagnam had threatened to score a goal to ruin the result, hence his late shot against the crossbar; he later testified against his team-mates at the FA hearing. At the same hearing, United player Billy Meredith denied any knowledge of the match-fixing, but stated that he became suspicious when none of his teammates would pass the ball to him.

All seven players were banned from playing for life in a decision handed down on 27 December 1915. The FA concluded that it had been a conspiracy by the players alone – no official from either club was found guilty of wrongdoing, and neither club was fined or had points deducted. West vociferously protested his innocence, even going so far as suing the FA for libel. However, he lost the case and the ban stood. In itself, the ban had no immediate effect on the players' footballing careers, as by that point the Football League had suspended operations for the duration of the First World War. The ban did not apply in Scotland (four of the suspended players were Scottish), however the Scottish Football Association was never called upon to issue any sort of ruling on the players' eligibility there.

Sandy Turnbull was killed while serving in the war, but all the other players, except West, had their bans lifted by the FA in 1919 in recognition of their service to the country; Turnbull received a posthumous reinstatement. The intervention of the First World War meant that the Football League did not resume until 1919–20. This meant that West was the only player involved who was actually unable to play League football due to suspension. Fairfoul also did not return to football although he was re-instated, however the other four players resumed their careers after the war. West had to wait until 1945 for his ban to be lifted, by which time he was 59.

## Consequences

Although the players' main motives for the match-fixing appear to be financial, and not to save United from relegation, the two points United won from that game were enough to earn them 18th place and safety, one point ahead of 19th-placed Chelsea, who were nominally relegated. Before the 1919–20 season started, the League decided to expand the First Division by two teams; Chelsea (along with Arsenal) were elected back into the First Division and thus spared the drop.

* "Pre-War United 1902–1915". *RedCafe.net*. Archived from the original on 9 May 2006. Retrieved 5 November 2006.
* "Red Devilry". *rednews.co.uk*. Archived from the original on 22 March 2005.
* Airey, Tom; Burnell, Paul (3 April 2015). "Man Utd v Liverpool: The 1915 Good Friday betting scandal". BBC News.

## Further reading

* Inglis, Simon (1985). *Soccer in the Dock: A History of British Football Scandals 1900 to 1965*. Eclecta Books. ISBN 0-00-218162-2.
* Sharpe, Graham (2003). *Free the Manchester United One: The Inside Story of Football's Greatest Scam*. Robson Books. ISBN 1-86105-633-8.


title: Vainu, Pärnu County

abstract: Vainu is a village in Tori Parish, Pärnu County in southwestern Estonia. Prior to the administrative reform of Estonian local governments in 2017, the village was part of Sauga Parish.

text:
# Vainu, Pärnu County

**Vainu** is a village in Tori Parish, Pärnu County in southwestern Estonia. Prior to the administrative reform of Estonian local governments in 2017, the village was part of Sauga Parish.

58°24′51″N 24°38′53″E / 58.41417°N 24.64806°E / 58.41417; 24.64806

## InfoBox

| Vainu, Pärnu County | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Bus stop in Vainu | |
| Country | Estonia |
| County | Pärnu County |
| Parish | Tori Parish |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Jolly Musicians

abstract: Jolly Musicians is a 1932 Swedish comedy film directed by Theodor Berthels and Weyler Hildebrand and starring Mary Gräber, Ulla Sorbon and Anna Olin. The film's sets were designed by the art director Bibi Lindström. It takes place on Walpurgis Night in Uppsala.

text:
# Jolly Musicians

***Jolly Musicians*** (Swedish: ***Muntra musikanter***) is a 1932 Swedish comedy film directed by Theodor Berthels and Weyler Hildebrand and starring Mary Gräber, Ulla Sorbon and Anna Olin. The film's sets were designed by the art director Bibi Lindström. It takes place on Walpurgis Night in Uppsala.

## Cast

1. Larsson & Marklund p.126

## Bibliography

* Larsson, Mariah & Marklund, Anders. *Swedish Film: An Introduction and Reader*. Nordic Academic Press, 2010.

## InfoBox

| Jolly Musicians | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Theodor Berthels
Weyler Hildebrand |
| Written by | Weyler Hildebrand |
| Starring | Mary Gräber
Ulla Sorbon
Anna Olin |
| Cinematography | Ernst Westerberg |
| Music by | Fred Winter |
| Production
company | Europa Film |
| Distributed by | Europa Film |
| Release date | * 19 November 1932 (1932-11-19) |
| Running time | 91 minutes |
| Country | Sweden |
| Language | Swedish |


title: Utah Army National Guard

text:
# Utah Army National Guard

The Utah National Guard comprises both Army and Air National Guard components. The Constitution of the United States specifically charges the National Guard with dual federal and state missions. The National Guard is the only United States military force empowered to function in a state status.

The Utah Army National Guard maintains 30 armories in 27 communities.

The Utah Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the United States National Guard. Nationwide, the Army National Guard comprises approximately one half of the US Army's available combat forces and approximately one third of its support organization. National coordination of various state National Guard units are maintained through the National Guard Bureau.

## Units and formations

* **Joint Forces Headquarters – Utah** – Draper, UT
* 640th Regiment-(Regional Training Institute)- Riverton, UT
* Medical Command – Riverton, UT
* Operations Support Airlift Agency Detachment 50 (OSAAD 50) – Salt Lake City, UT
* Recruiting and Retention Command – Draper, UT
* Utah Training Center– Utah -Riverton, UT
* **97th Troop Command** – Draper, UT
    + 23rd Army Band – West Jordan, UT
    + 85th Civil Support Team (85th CST)(Weapons of Mass Destruction) – NSL Readiness Center, UT
    + 115th Maintenance Company (Support Maintenance Company) – Draper, UT
    + 128th Mobile Public Affairs Detachment (128th MPAD) – Draper, UT
    + 144th Medical Company (Area Support) – Riverton, UT
    + 197th Special Troops Company (197th STC)(Airborne) – Ogden, UT
    + 653rd Trial Defense Team (653rd TDT) -Draper, UT
    + 1993rd Contingency Contracting Team (1993rd CCT) -Draper, UT
* **65th Field Artillery Brigade (65th FAB)** – Riverton, UT
    + Headquarters and Headquarters Battery (HHB) – Riverton, UT
    + 213th Forward Support Company (213th FSC) – Saint George, UT
    + 214th Forward Support Company (214th FSC) – Tooele, UT
    + **1st Battalion, 145th Field Artillery Regiment (1-145th FAR)** – Spanish Fork, UT
        - Headquarters and Headquarters Battery (HHB) – Spanish Fork, UT
        - Battery A – Brigham City, UT
        - Battery B – Manti, UT
        - Battery C – Spanish Fork, UT
    + **2nd Battalion, 222nd Field Artillery Regiment (2-222nd FAR)** – Cedar City, UT
        - Headquarters and Headquarters Battery (HHB) – Cedar City, UT
        - Battery A – Richfield, UT
        - Battery B – Saint George, UT
        - Battery C – Beaver, UT
* **1st Battalion, 19th Special Forces Group (Airborne)** – Riverton, UT
    + Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC) – Riverton, UT
    + Company B – Riverton, UT
    + REC – Riverton, UT
    + Support Company (1st Battalion) – Riverton, UT
    + Support Company (19th SFGA) – Riverton, UT
* **300th Military Intelligence Brigade (300th MIB)** – Draper, UT
    + Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC) – Draper, UT
    + **141st Military Intelligence Battalion (141st MIB)** – Orem, UT
        - Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC) – Orem, UT
        - Company A – Draper, UT
        - Company B – Orem, UT
        - Company C – Orem, UT
        - Company D – Saint George, UT
    + **142nd Military Intelligence Battalion (142nd MIB)** – NSL Readiness Center, UT
        - Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC) – NSL Readiness Center, UT
        - Company A – Draper, UT
        - Company B – Ogden, UT
        - Company C – Draper, UT
        - Company D – Logan, UT
* **97th Aviation Troop Command (97th ATC)** – West Jordan, UT
    + **1st Battalion, 211th Aviation Regiment** – West Jordan, UT
        - Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC) – West Jordan, UT
        - Company A – West Jordan, UT
        - Company B – West Jordan, UT
        - Company C – West Jordan, UT
        - Company D – West Jordan, UT
        - Company E – West Jordan, UT
    + **2nd Battalion, 211th Aviation Regiment (General Support)** – West Jordan, UT
        - Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC) – West Jordan, UT
        - Company A – West Jordan, UT
        - Company D – West Jordan, UT
        - Company E – West Jordan, UT
        - Company G – West Jordan, UT
* **204th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade (204th MEB)** – Riverton, UT
    + Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC) – Riverton, UT
    + 115th Engineer Detachment (Facilities) – Riverton, UT
    + 217th Signal Company (Network Support)
    + **489th Brigade Support Battalion** (489th BSB)– Lehi, UT
        - Headquarters and Headquarters Company Detachment (HHCD)– Lehi, UT
        - Company A (Distribution) – Spanish Fork, UT
        - Company B (Maintenance) – Riverton, UT
    + **1457th Engineer Battalion** – American Fork, UT
        - Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC) – American Fork, UT
        - Company A (Forward Support) – American Fork, UT
        - 116th Engineer Company (Horizontal Construction) (-) – Spanish Fork, UT
        - 116th Engineer Company (Horizontal Construction) Detachment 1 – Mount Pleasant, UT
        - 118th Engineer Company (Sapper) (-) – NSL Readiness Center, UT
        - 118th Engineer Company (Sapper) Detachment 1 – Blanding, UT
        - 624th Engineer Company (Vertical Construction) (-) – Springville, UT
        - 624th Engineer Company (Vertical Construction) Detachment 1 – Price, UT
        - 624th Engineer Company (Vertical) Detachment 2 – Vernal, UT

## History

In one sense the Utah Army National Guard was originally formed in 1849. In 1847, as Mormon settlers began arriving in what become known as Utah, it was realized that some sort of militia would be needed to protect the new settlements. The core of this new militia were former members of the Nauvoo Legion, which was formed in Nauvoo, Illinois around 1840. For a number of years members of the Utah-based militia could be seen wearing elements of the old Nauvoo Legion uniforms. This new Utah based militia would also be referred to as the Nauvoo Legion. Some of the Utah-based Nauvoo Legion would carry lances, giving them a unique look when on horseback. Members of the Mormon Battalion, after finally arriving in Utah after the end of the Mexican–American War, would also join the new Nauvoo Legion.

The Nauvoo Legion was necessarily involved in the would-be conflict between Mormons and Federal forces sent to Utah in the late 1850s. After it was apparent no major hostilities would break out, a somewhat more conciliatory relationship developed between Federal troops and the Legion.

In 1857 the honorable reputation of the Utah-based Nauvoo Legion took a blow when Nauvoo Legion members in Iron County participated in the murder of 120 immigrants moving through Utah to California. This event is known as the Mountain Meadows massacre. The Utah-based Nauvoo Legion participated in numerous efforts to quell problems with Indians, and also did certain protective duties in Utah during the Civil War.

As non-Mormon settlers and U.S. Government officials began to grow in numbers, it was perceived that the Nauvoo Legion was loyal mainly to the LDS church and Brigham Young, and not to the Utah territorial government. This perception was more acute after Brigham Young was removed as the territorial governor and a non-Mormon replaced him. The Utah militia was disbanded around 1887, and for a time a more direct control over any military matters was maintained directly by the Federal government. In 1894 the Utah National Guard was created, and since that time has operated in a purely secular manner. The Militia Act of 1903 organized the various state militias into the present National Guard system.

See History of the United States National Guard for a more complete history of the guard at a national level.

On January 19, 2021, the Utah National Guard, in cooperation with the Utah Department of Health, administered COVID-19 vaccinations to Guard members and the civilian population. A team of Utah National Guard soldiers and Airmen administered vaccines to civilians that are 70 years or older in Utah County. Captain Jeremy Metzger said they administered 1,400 vaccines at one of their locations.

The Utah Army National Guard was previously led by adjutant general Michael Turley. Turley was recently placed on leave while under investigation for having an inappropriate relationship with a subordinate soldier. On August 21, 2023, Governor Cox appointed Brig. Gen. Daniel Boyack as the new adjutant general of the Utah National Guard.

### Historic units

* 115th Engineer Battalion
* 140th Field Artillery Regiment
* 145th Field Artillery Regiment
* 222nd Field Artillery Regiment

## InfoBox

| Utah Army National Guard | |
| --- | --- |
| Utah Army National Guard Headquarters DUI | |
| Country | United States |
| Allegiance | Utah |
| Branch | Army National Guard |
| Type | ARNG Headquarters Command |
| Part of | Utah National Guard |
| Garrison/HQ | Draper, Utah |
| Commanders | |
| Current<br>commander | Major Gen. Daniel Boyack |


title: Queen Maeve International Summer School

abstract: The Queen Maeve International Summer School, is one of Ireland's largest traditional music summer schools, held annually since 1999 and was founded by Sligo tin whistle player Carmel Gunning. During the week, students from around the world attend daily classes taught by experts in Irish music and dance. In addition, a full program of lectures, recitals, dances (céilithe) and exhibitions are run by the summer school. All events take place at the Institute of Technology in Sligo Town, County Sligo, in the north west of Ireland, during the second week of August. The weekly registration includes six classes, all lectures and recitals and reduced price admission to céilithe. Lectures, recitals, concert and céilithe are open to the public.

text:
# Queen Maeve International Summer School

The **Queen Maeve International Summer School**, (Irish **Scoil Samhraidh Miosgán Medbha**) is one of Ireland's largest traditional music summer schools, held annually since 1999 and was founded by Sligo tin whistle player Carmel Gunning. During the week, students from around the world attend daily classes taught by experts in Irish music and dance. In addition, a full program of lectures, recitals, dances (céilithe) and exhibitions are run by the summer school.

All events take place at the Institute of Technology in Sligo Town, County Sligo, in the north west of Ireland, during the second week of August. The weekly registration includes six classes, all lectures and recitals (except for the Thursday night concert) and reduced price admission to céilithe. Lectures, recitals, concert and céilithe are open to the public.

## The school

Students from Zimbabwe to Israel attend the summer school. Students range from children and teenagers and unlike many other summer school the school caters for a large number of adults. All are mixed within classes according to level. It is possible during the week to attend classes in tin whistle, fiddle, flute playing, as well as sean-nós singing.

54°16′45″N 8°27′41″W / 54.27925°N 8.46149°W / 54.27925; -8.46149


title: Eugene Ochieng

abstract: Eugene Odhiambo Ochieng is a Kenyan international cricketer who made his debut for the Kenya national team in 2014. An allrounder, Ochieng bowls right-arm medium pace and bats right-handed. Ochieng was born in Kiambu, in Kenya's Central Province. He made his debut for Kenya in November 2014, on a tour of Namibia that included matches against the Namibian national team. At the 2015 ICC Africa Twenty20 Division One tournament, Ochieng played in two of Kenya's matches, taking 2/10 against Tanzania but going wicketless against Namibia. Later in the year, he was selected in the Kenyan squad for the 2015 World Twenty20 Qualifier, the final qualification tournament for the 2016 World Twenty20. He appeared in two matches at the event, against the United Arab Emirates and the Netherlands, but had little impact in either. In May 2019, he was named in Kenya's squad for the Regional Finals of the 2018–19 ICC T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier tournament in Uganda. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut for Kenya against Nigeria on 20 May 2019. In October 2021, he was named in Kenya's squad for the Regional Final of the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier tournament in Rwanda. In June 2022, he featured in the Kenyan team for the 2022 Uganda Cricket World Cup Challenge League B tournament. He made his List A debut on 23 June 2022, against Italy.

text:
# Eugene Ochieng

**Eugene Odhiambo Ochieng** (born 18 February 1993) is a Kenyan international cricketer who made his debut for the Kenya national team in 2014. An allrounder, Ochieng bowls right-arm medium pace and bats right-handed.

Ochieng was born in Kiambu, in Kenya's Central Province. He made his debut for Kenya in November 2014, on a tour of Namibia that included matches against the Namibian national team. At the 2015 ICC Africa Twenty20 Division One tournament, Ochieng played in two of Kenya's matches, taking 2/10 against Tanzania but going wicketless against Namibia. Later in the year, he was selected in the Kenyan squad for the 2015 World Twenty20 Qualifier, the final qualification tournament for the 2016 World Twenty20. He appeared in two matches at the event, against the United Arab Emirates and the Netherlands, but had little impact in either.

In May 2019, he was named in Kenya's squad for the Regional Finals of the 2018–19 ICC T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier tournament in Uganda. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut for Kenya against Nigeria on 20 May 2019. In October 2021, he was named in Kenya's squad for the Regional Final of the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier tournament in Rwanda.

In June 2022, he featured in the Kenyan team for the 2022 Uganda Cricket World Cup Challenge League B tournament. He made his List A debut on 23 June 2022, against Italy.

## InfoBox

Eugene Ochieng
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Eugene Odhiambo Ochieng |
| Born | (1993-02-18) 18 February 1993<br>Kiambu, Kenya |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm medium |
| Role | All-rounder |
| International information | |
| National side |  |
| T20I debut (cap 28) | 20 May 2019 v Nigeria |
| Last T20I | 28 August 2022 v Nepal |
|  | |
| Source: ESPNCricinfo, 28 August 2022 | |


title: Diederik Sonoy

abstract: Diederik Sonoy or Snoey was a leader of the Geuzen during the Eighty Years' War.

text:
# Diederik Sonoy

**Diederik Sonoy** or **Snoey** (Kalkar (Duchy of Cleves), 1529 - Pieterburen, 2 June 1597) was a leader of the Geuzen during the Eighty Years' War.

## Biography

Diderick Sonoy was born about 1529 in the Duchy of Cleves. He was a son of Lambert Snoy and Emma Pauw van Derthuysen. He resided mostly in Holland and especially at the Hague, where he evinced great zeal for the reformation. He early entered military life, signed the compromise of Nobles, and was one of the most fierce advocates of the interests of the Prince of Orange. He gained the first naval victory over the Spanish fleet in July 1568. On 2 June 1572 he arrived at Enkhuizen. He was provided by William the Silent with a commission, appointing him Lieutenant-Governor of North Holland or Waterland. Troops under his command put both Egmond Castle and Egmond Abbey on fire in 1573. The destruction of these strategic locations prevented that the Spanish army could occupy them.

When he was discharged and received a pension he and his family crossed over to England, where he endeavoured to drain some land granted him by Elizabeth I; but failing he returned (1593) to East Frisia, resided for some time at Norden, and died 2 June 1597 on his seat near Pieterburen.

Sonoy was a narrow-minded religious fanatic and a furious persecutor of Catholics. After the Geuzen captured Alkmaar, they took prisoners five friars from the Franciscan monastery outside the city. Sonoy ordered them to be brought to Enkhuizen and had them hanged (martyrs of Alkmaar). Engelbert Terburg, a lay brother of the same monastery, was transferred by Sonoy to the village of Ransdorp, near Amsterdam, where he was hanged on 11 August 1572 after being subjected to torture.

1. Jean-François Houtart, *La famille Snoy*, Association familiale Snoy, 2021, Tome 1, p. 137.
2. Edouard Terwecoren (1867). *Collection de précis historiques: mélanges littéraires et scientifiques*. Vol. 2. p. 149. `{{cite book}}`: Unknown parameter `|agency=` ignored (help)

## InfoBox

| Diederik Sonoy | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Born | 1529
Kalkar |
| Died | 2 June 1597  (aged 67–68)
Pieterburen |
| Occupation |  |


abstract: The European Society for the Study of Western Esotericism (ESSWE) is Europe's only scholarly society for the study of Western esotericism. Founded in 2002, the society promotes academic study of Western esotericism in its various manifestations from late antiquity to the present, and works to secure the future development of the field.

text:
# European Society for the Study of Western Esotericism

The **European Society for the Study of Western Esotericism** (**ESSWE**) is Europe's only scholarly society for the study of Western esotericism. Founded in 2002, the society promotes academic study of Western esotericism in its various manifestations from late antiquity to the present, and works to secure the future development of the field.

## Publications

The peer-reviewed journal *Aries*, and the associated Aries book series are published by Brill under the auspices of the ESSWE. *Aries* was published in a first series by La Table d'Emeraude from 1985 to 1999, before a second series began to be published by Brill in 2001. The Aries book series was launched in 2006. The society also publishes a periodic *Newsletter*.

Between 2016 and 2018, the ESSWE funded the hosting and database costs of the journal *Correspondences: Journal for the Study of Esotericism*.

## International conferences

The ESSWE holds an international conference in a different European country every two years, and holds a workshop for graduate students in years in which there is no conference. Past conferences have been in Tübingen (2007), Strasbourg and Messina (2009), Szeged (2011), Gothenburg (2013), Riga (2015), Erfurt (2017), and Amsterdam (2019).

1st: July 2007, University of Tübingen, "Constructing Tradition: Means and Myths of Transmission in Western Esotericism."

2nd: July 2009, University of Strasbourg, "Capitals of European Esotericism and Transcultural Dialogue."

3rd: July 2011, University of Szeged, "Lux in Tenebris: The Visual and the Symbolic in Western Esotericism"

4th: June 2013, University of Gothenburg, "Western Esotericism and Health."

5th: April 2015, University of Latvia, "Western Esotericism and the East."

6th: June 2017, University of Erfurt, "Western Esotericism and Deviance."

7th: July 2019, University of Amsterdam, "Western Esotericism and Consciousness: Visions, Voices, Altered States."

## Other activities

The ESSWE provides various resources on its website, awards prizes and travel bursaries to recognize and encourage younger scholars. It has three regional networks, the Scandinavian Network for the Academic Study of Western Esotericism (SNASWE), the Israeli Network for the Study of Western Esotericsm (INASWE), and the Irish Network for the Study of Esotericism and Paganism (INSEP) and two thematic research networks, the Contemporary Esotericism Research Network (ContERN) and the ESSWE Network for the Study of Esotericism in Antiquity (NSEA).

## Relationships

The ESSWE is an affiliated society of the Project AWE (Aesthetics of Western Esotericism), International Association for the History of Religions (IAHR), and a related scholarly organization of the American Academy of Religion (AAR).

In 2014, a related Central and Eastern European Network for the Academic Study of Western Esotericism (CEENASWE) was founded at the Central European University, Budapest.

## Current officers

## Notable past officers

## Further reading

* Gregory D. Alles. Religious studies: a global view. USA & Canada: Routledge, 2008.
* Kripal J.J., Hanegraaff W.J. Introduction: things we don't talk about // Kripal J. J., Hanegraaff W.J. (eds.) Hidden intercourse. Eros and sexuality in the history of Western Esotericism. Leiden & Brill, 2008.

## Bibliography

### *Aries Book Series: Texts and Studies in Western Esotericism*


title: Bulbophyllum lemurense

abstract: Bulbophyllum lemurense is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.

text:
# Bulbophyllum lemurense

***Bulbophyllum lemurense*** is a species of orchid in the genus *Bulbophyllum*.

## InfoBox

| *Bulbophyllum lemurense* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Genus: | *Bulbophyllum* |
| Species: | ***B. lemurense*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Bulbophyllum lemurense***<br>Bosser & P. J. Cribb | |
|


title: Eero Antikainen

abstract: Eero Antikainen was a Finnish sawmill worker, trade union leader and politician, born in Vehmersalmi. He served as Deputy Minister of Transport and Public Works from 26 April to 29 August 1958. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1951 to 1955, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP). He later joined the Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders (TPSL). He was the chairman of the Finnish Federation of Trade Unions (SAK) from 1954 to 1958.

text:
# Eero Antikainen

**Eero Antikainen** (5 January 1906 - 29 January 1960) was a Finnish sawmill worker, trade union leader and politician, born in Vehmersalmi. He served as Deputy Minister of Transport and Public Works from 26 April to 29 August 1958. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1951 to 1955, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP). He later joined the Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders (TPSL). He was the chairman of the Finnish Federation of Trade Unions (SAK) from 1954 to 1958.


title: Cognitive approaches to grammar

abstract: Cognitive approaches to grammar are theories of grammar that relate grammar to mental processes and structures in human cognition. While Chomsky's theories of generative grammar are the most influential in most areas of linguistics, other theories also deal with the cognitive aspects of grammar. The approach of Noam Chomsky and his fellow generative grammarians is that of an autonomous mental faculty that it is governed by mental processes operating on mental representations of different kinds of symbols that apply only within this faculty. Another cognitive approach to grammar is that which is proposed by proponents of cognitive linguistics, which holds that grammar is not an autonomous mental faculty with processes of its own, but that it is intertwined with all other cognitive processes and structures. The basic claim here is that grammar is conceptualization. Some of the theories that fall within this paradigm are construction grammar, cognitive grammar, and word grammar.

text:
# Cognitive approaches to grammar

**Cognitive approaches to grammar** are theories of grammar that relate grammar to mental processes and structures in human cognition. While Chomsky's theories of generative grammar are the most influential in most areas of linguistics, other theories also deal with the cognitive aspects of grammar.

The approach of Noam Chomsky and his fellow generative grammarians is that of an autonomous mental faculty that it is governed by mental processes operating on mental representations of different kinds of symbols that apply only within this faculty.

Another cognitive approach to grammar is that which is proposed by proponents of cognitive linguistics, which holds that grammar is not an autonomous mental faculty with processes of its own, but that it is intertwined with all other cognitive processes and structures. The basic claim here is that *grammar is conceptualization*. Some of the theories that fall within this paradigm are construction grammar, cognitive grammar, and word grammar.

1. Kristiansen, Gitte; Achard, Michel; Dirven, René; Ibáñez, Francisco J. Ruiz de Mendoza (2008-08-22). *Cognitive Linguistics: Current Applications and Future Perspectives*. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-019776-1.
2. Kermer, Franka (2016-05-11). *A Cognitive Grammar Approach to Teaching Tense and Aspect in the L2 Context*. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4438-9315-2.
3. Green, Vyvyan Evans, Melanie (2018-10-24). *Cognitive Linguistics: An Introduction*. New York: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315864327. ISBN 978-1-315-86432-7. S2CID 232710602.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)