title: Cello Concerto (Kraft)

abstract: The Cello Concerto Nr. 1 in C Major (Op.4) is a cello concerto by Antonín Kraft. The C Major Cello Concerto Nr. 1 was first published by Breitkopf & Härtel in Leipzig the year 1805. The concerto bears the title Premier Concerto Pour le Violoncelle composé et dédié à Monsieur le Comte Maurce de Fries chambellan SMJ par Antoine Kraft Executé par son Fils Nicolaus Antoine Kraft au Théatre imperial (Tous les deux, Violoncelles de S.A.S. le Prince régnant de Lobkowitz Oeuvr. 4 L.1. Dir. 2. Rthl. à Leipsic chez Breitkopf et Härtel The dedicatee of the Concerto is Moritz von Fries, who was the wealthiest man in the monarchy at that time, and through his personal contact and financing allowed its publication and performance. The concerto was regularly performed at the imperial Theatre in Vienna Burgtheater by his son Nikolaus Kraft. Both father Antonin Kraft and his son Nikolaus were principal cellists at the orchestra of Prince Joseph Franz von Lobkowitz and premiered several of Beethoven's symphonies, for instance the 3rd Symphony that starts with the theme on the cellos. The concerto was played on tour all over Europe, and was a much appreciated work at that time. The personal copy of Friedrich Grützmacher of the Concerto is to be found at the Sächsische Landesbibliothek. Grützmacher was a pupil of Bernhard Romberg who was himself a pupil of Franz Xaver Hammer and Antonin Kraft. The second edition of the work was printed in 1961 in Prague by Státní hudební nakladatelství Praha SHV, 1961. Plate H 3296. This edition was heavily revised by Josef Chuchro. Kraft was principal cellist under Joseph Haydn in Prince Nikolaus Esterházy's orchestra from 1778 until 1790. Antonin Kraft along with his son Nikolaus joined the orchestra of Count Anton Grassalkovich in Bratislava in 1790 as first cellist. Kraft became a member of the Schuppanzigh Quartet founded in 1792 in the salon of Prince Karl Lichnowský, then from 1796 he was employed in Prince Lobkowicz's orchestra. The cello parts to Haydn's D major Cello Concerto and Beethoven's Triple Concerto, Op.56 were written to fit his technique. Haydn's D Major Cello Concerto was attributed to Kraft for almost a century. Antonin Kraft was also a composition student of Haydn and played chamber music with all major musicians of that time, notably also the premiere of the Divertimento in E-flat major, K.563 by Mozart in Dresden on April 13, 1789 with Anton Teyber taking the violin part, Mozart playing viola and himself playing cello. In 1792 Ludwig van Beethoven established permanent residence in Vienna, and he soon made the acquaintance of Kraft. Both artists were bound by a friendship that lasted until Kraft's death. He was also first cellist in the Vienna opera.

text:
# Cello Concerto (Kraft)

The **Cello Concerto Nr. 1 in C Major** (Op.4) is a cello concerto by Antonín Kraft.

The C Major Cello Concerto Nr. 1 was first published by Breitkopf & Härtel in Leipzig the year 1805 (Plate Nr. 283).

The concerto bears the title *Premier Concerto Pour le Violoncelle composé et dédié à Monsieur le Comte Maurce de Fries chambellan SMJ (Sa Majesté Imperiale) par Antoine Kraft Executé par son Fils Nicolaus Antoine Kraft au Théatre imperial (Tous les deux, Violoncelles de S.A.S. le Prince régnant de Lobkowitz Oeuvr. 4 L.1. Dir. 2. Rthl. à Leipsic chez Breitkopf et Härtel*

The dedicatee of the Concerto is Moritz von Fries, who was the wealthiest man in the monarchy at that time, and through his personal contact and financing allowed its publication and performance. The concerto was regularly performed at the imperial Theatre in Vienna Burgtheater by his son Nikolaus Kraft (named after Prince Nikolaus Esterhazy). Both father Antonin Kraft and his son Nikolaus were principal cellists at the orchestra of Prince Joseph Franz von Lobkowitz and premiered several of Beethoven's symphonies, for instance the 3rd Symphony (also premiered in 1805) that starts with the theme on the cellos.

The concerto was played on tour all over Europe, and was a much appreciated work at that time. The personal copy of Friedrich Grützmacher of the Concerto is to be found at the Sächsische Landesbibliothek. Grützmacher was a pupil of Bernhard Romberg who was himself a pupil of Franz Xaver Hammer (also called Marteau or sometimes Mardeau) and Antonin Kraft.

The second edition of the work was printed in 1961 in Prague by Státní hudební nakladatelství Praha (now editio Supraphon) SHV, 1961. Plate H 3296. This edition was heavily revised by Josef Chuchro.

Kraft was principal cellist under Joseph Haydn in Prince Nikolaus Esterházy's orchestra from 1778 until 1790. Antonin Kraft along with his son Nikolaus joined the orchestra of Count Anton Grassalkovich in Bratislava in 1790 as first cellist. Kraft became a member of the Schuppanzigh Quartet founded in 1792 in the salon of Prince Karl Lichnowský, then from 1796 he was employed in Prince Lobkowicz's orchestra. The cello parts to Haydn's D major Cello Concerto and Beethoven's Triple Concerto, Op.56 were written to fit his technique. Haydn's D Major Cello Concerto was attributed to Kraft for almost a century.

Antonin Kraft was also a composition student of Haydn and played chamber music with all major musicians of that time, notably also the premiere of the Divertimento in E-flat major, K.563 by Mozart in Dresden on April 13, 1789 (follow up concerts in Leipzig and Berlin) with Anton Teyber taking the violin part, Mozart playing viola and himself playing cello. In 1792 Ludwig van Beethoven established permanent residence in Vienna, and he soon made the acquaintance of Kraft. Both artists were bound by a friendship that lasted until Kraft's death. He was also first cellist in the Vienna opera.

## Recordings

* Anner Bylsma, cello. With the Tafelmusic Orchestra. (Harmonia Mundi Label)


title: The Man from Lost River

abstract: The Man from Lost River is a lost American silent drama film directed by Frank Lloyd and released in 1921. It stars House Peters, Fritzi Brunette, and Allan Forrest.

text:
# The Man from Lost River

***The Man from Lost River*** is a lost American silent drama film directed by Frank Lloyd and released in 1921. It stars House Peters, Fritzi Brunette, and Allan Forrest.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine, Jim Barnes (Peters) has been raised in the woods and knows little of how to associate with women. As foreman at a lumber camp, he comes to love Marcia Judd (Brunette), but his backwardness allows her to be won over by the smooth talking Arthur Fosdick (Forrest), a New York society man who had recently come to the camp. Realizing that the young woman is in love with the Easterner and the weakness of his character, Jim constitutes himself as Marcia's protector without her knowledge. After proving his utter worthlessness, Arthur's death is brought about by his own cowardice, Marcia awakens to the strength of a noble man's love.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| The Man from Lost River | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Frank Lloyd |
| Written by | Lambert Hillyer
Arthur F. Statter |
| Story by | Katharine Newlin Burt |
| Starring | House Peters
Fritzi Brunette
Allan Forrest |
| Cinematography | Norbert Brodine |
| Production
company | Goldwyn Pictures |
| Release date | * November 1921 (1921-11) |
| Running time | 60 min. |
| Country | United States |
| Language | Silent (English intertitles) |


title: Blaesodactylus ambonihazo

abstract: Blaesodactylus ambonihazo is a species of gecko endemic to Madagascar.

text:
# Blaesodactylus ambonihazo

***Blaesodactylus ambonihazo*** is a species of gecko endemic to Madagascar.

## InfoBox

| *Blaesodactylus ambonihazo* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Gekkonidae |
| Genus: | *Blaesodactylus* |
| Species: | ***B. ambonihazo*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Blaesodactylus ambonihazo***
Bauer, Glaw, Gehring, & Vences, 2011 | |
|
|  | |


title: Sofular, Yenice

abstract: Sofular is a village in the Yenice District of Çanakkale Province in Turkey. Its population is 305 (2021).

text:
# Sofular, Yenice

**Sofular** is a village in the Yenice District of Çanakkale Province in Turkey. Its population is 305 (2021).

## InfoBox

| Sofular | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| SofularLocation in TurkeySofularSofular (Marmara) | |
| Coordinates: 40°02′00″N 27°18′01″E / 40.0333°N 27.3002°E / 40.0333; 27.3002 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Çanakkale |
| District | Yenice |
| Population (2021) | 305 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Dénes Eszenyi

abstract: Dénes Eszenyi is a retired Hungarian football striker.

text:
# Dénes Eszenyi

**Dénes Eszenyi** (born 9 January 1968) is a retired Hungarian football striker.

## InfoBox

Dénes Eszenyi
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1968-01-09) 9 January 1968 | | |
| Place of birth | Nyíregyháza, Hungary | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Nyíregyháza Spartacus | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1986–1992 | Újpest | 98 | (29) |
| 1992–1995 | K.V. Mechelen | 45 | (9) |
| 1995 | Pécsi | 11 | (2) |
| 1995 | Kispesti Honved FC | 5 | (1) |
| 1996 | Hapoel Tzafririm Holon | 21 | (7) |
| 1996–1997 | Bnei Yehuda | 1 | (0) |
| 1997 | Eintracht Trier | 4 | (0) |
| 1997–1998 | Újpest | 25 | (8) |
| 1999 | Ferencvárosi | 9 | (0) |
| 1999 | Maccabi Petah Tikva | 7 | (0) |
| 1999–2000 | Hapoel Ramat Gan |  | (5) |
| 2000–2001 | Előre |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1990–1994 | Hungary | 12 | (1) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Silvia Hernández Sánchez

abstract: Silvia Vanessa Hernández Sánchez is a Costa Rican economist and politician who has been President of the country's Legislative Assembly since 1 May 2021.

text:
# Silvia Hernández Sánchez

**Silvia Vanessa Hernández Sánchez** (born November 21, 1976) is a Costa Rican economist and politician who has been President of the country's Legislative Assembly since 1 May 2021.

## Early life and education

Hernández was born in San José on November 21, 1976, the oldest of five children and only daughter of Freddy Hernández and María de los Ángeles Sánchez. Her paternal grandfather was a diplomat and deputy in the government of Daniel Oduber.

Hernández attended public school in Turrialba and Siquirres, before graduating from Bryant High School in Arkansas in 1996 through an exchange program. She studied at Universidad Regiomontana in Monterrey, Mexico, before completing a Bachelor of Economics at the Latin University of Costa Rica. While studying, she worked in a call center, and in 2002, she was hit by a car on her way home, breaking both legs and requiring spinal surgery. After spending six months in rehabilitation, she received a scholarship to study in The Netherlands. She has a Masters in Development Economics from Erasmus University and a Masters in International Markets from the University of Salamanca.

## Career

Hernández is an economist, and has taught at Lead University in San José. From 2006 to 2007, she was an economic advisor to Vice President Kevin Casas Zamora.

Hernández was elected to the Legislative Assembly as a PLN deputy from San José. She worked as Deputy Minister of National Planning and Economic Policy in the government of Laura Chinchilla from 2012 to 2014. She has been president of the Tax Affair Commission, as well as a member of the Science, Technology and Education and OECD Special Commissions. In April 2019, she was elected chair of the National Liberation Party.

Hernández has published opinion pieces and analysis in *La Republica*, *El Financiero* and *Dos Magazine*.

Hernández was elected President of the Legislative Assembly on May 1, 2021 with 42 votes, and is the fourth woman to hold the position.

## Personal life

Hernández married Rigoberto Zúñiga, a real estate developer, in 2009 and lives in Cartago. They have one daughter. She is Catholic.

## InfoBox

| Silvia Hernández Sánchez | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| President of the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica | |
| **In office**
1 May 2021  30 April 2022 | |
| Preceded by | Eduardo Cruickshank Smith |
| Succeeded by | Rodrigo Arias Sánchez |
| 2nd Deputy of San José Province | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
1 May 2018 | |
| President | Carlos Alvarado Quesada |
| Preceded by | Epsy Campbell Barr |
| Vice-minister of Planification | |
| **In office**
1 March 2012  8 May 2014 | |
| President | Laura Chinchilla Miranda |
| Preceded by | Melania Núñez Vargas |
| Succeeded by | Luis Alfredo Fallas Calderón |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Silvia Vanessa Hernández Sánchez
(1976-11-21) 21 November 1976
San José, Costa Rica |
| Political party | National Liberation Party |
| Spouse | Rigoberto Zúñiga |
| Children | 1 |
| Education | Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, Universidad Regiomontana, Erasmus University Rotterdam |
|  | |


title: City of Enfield

abstract: The City of Enfield was a local government area of South Australia from 1868 to 1996. It was known as Yatala South up until 1933, which was named for its local government area predecessor, the District Council of Yatala, and known as Enfield thereafter. The seat of the City of Enfield was the township of Enfield, approximately 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north of the Adelaide central business district, named after Enfield Town in the London borough of same name. In 1868, the council area ranged approximately from Dry Creek in the north to the River Torrens in the south east and Torrens Road in the south west.

text:
# City of Enfield

The **City of Enfield** (formerly **District Council of Yatala South**) was a local government area of South Australia from 1868 to 1996. It was known as Yatala South up until 1933, which was named for its local government area predecessor, the District Council of Yatala, and known as Enfield thereafter.

The seat of the City of Enfield was the township of Enfield, approximately 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north of the Adelaide central business district, named after Enfield Town in the London borough of same name. In 1868, the council area ranged approximately from Dry Creek in the north to the River Torrens in the south east and Torrens Road (unrelated to the river) in the south west.

## History

### Early years

The **District Council of Yatala South** was established on 18 June 1868 when the District Council of Yatala was divided at Dry Creek and the Dry Creek-Port Adelaide railway line into Yatala South and Yatala North. The council office was located near Gepps Cross intersection at the northern end of the suburb of Enfield.

The division still did not satisfy everyone, as the council had trouble collecting rates from the rural north-western areas; and Prospect ratepayers who did pay, believed they were not getting their fair share of roadworks and that the council office was too far away at Gepps Cross. Led by council member James Harrington, Prospect Village residents petitioned for separation from Yatala South, and on 1 August 1872 part was severed to form the new District Council of Prospect. This reduced Yatala South in area by about 3 square miles (7.8 km2).

In 1927 the second Enfield council chamber, located on Regency Road, Enfield was erected.

In 1930, the recorded population of Yatala South was 4,979.

Well over half a century since its establishment, on 22 June 1933, Yatala South was renamed to be the **District Council of Enfield** following lobbying from residents. The district council was now named after its major population centre and council seat, the township of Enfield.

### Municipality

In April 1944 the Enfield council was granted municipal status, becoming the **Town of Enfield**. In January 1953, the population had reached a point where the municipality was granted city status and known thereafter as the City of Enfield. The chairman of the council became the mayor from 1944.

In March 1996 the City of Enfield merged with the City of Port Adelaide to form the City of Port Adelaide Enfield.

## Chairmen and mayors

### Yatala South (Chairman)

* G. W. W. Sudholz (1868–1876)
* John Williams (1876-1885)
* J. L. Thompson (1885-1886)
* George Morris (1886-1889)
* Robert Emery (1889-1893)
* John Francis (1893-1895)
* John Duncanson (1895-1896)
* James R. Musson (1896-1897)
* Andrew W. Shillabeer (1897-1899)
* James R. Musson (1899-1901)
* William Duthie (1904-1905)
* John Williams (1905-1908)
* Andrew W. Shillabeer (1908-1922)
* William Duthie (?)
* Thomas Keith Shutter (1931–1933)

### Enfield

* Thomas Keith Shutter (1933–1938)
* Arthur George Owen Gray (1938–1943)
* Keith Teller (1943–1944)
* Harold Frank Stevens (1944–1947)
* Thomas Keith Shutter (1947–1955)
* Thomas Turner (1955–1964)
* Joseph Robert Chaplin (1964–1968)
* Roy Donald Amer (1968–1971)
* Ray J Norton (1971–1974)
* (1974–1976) ?
* Ray J Norton (1976–1988)
* Ronald Henry Charles Bonner (1988–1989)
* Roy Donald Amer (1989–1993)
* Michael Charles Stock (1993–1996)

## InfoBox

| City of Enfield
South Australia | |
| --- | --- |
| Second Enfield council chamber, Rakes Road, Enfield | |
| City of Enfield | |
| Coordinates | 34°51′9″S 138°36′3″E / 34.85250°S 138.60083°E / -34.85250; 138.60083 |
| Established | 1868 |
| Abolished | 1996 |
| Area | 47.3 km2 (18.25 sq mi) (1872–1930) |
| Council seat | Enfield |
|  | |
| **LGAs around City of Enfield:**  Port Adelaide Yatala North
Salisbury Highercombe
Tea Tree Gully  Woodville
Hindmarsh Woodville City of Enfield Payneham/
Campbelltown  Hindmarsh
Hindmarsh Woodville Adelaide
Prospect Walkerville
Payneham/
Campbelltown | |


title: Julius Sarkodee-Addo

abstract: Justice Julius Sarkodee-Adoo was the second Chief Justice of Ghana during the First Republic. He studied law at King's College London, was admitted to Inner Temple in 1928, and was called to the Bar in 1932. He replaced the first native Ghanaian chief justice, Sir Kobina Arku Korsah in 1964. He was removed after the coup d'état of 24 February 1966 by the military National Liberation Council government which was formed after the overthrow of Dr. Kwame Nkrumah. Sarkodee-Adoo died in January 1972 at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra.

text:
# Julius Sarkodee-Addo

Justice **Julius Sarkodee-Adoo** JSC (8 September 1908  January 1972) was the second Chief Justice of Ghana during the First Republic.

He studied law at King's College London, was admitted to Inner Temple in 1928, and was called to the Bar in 1932. He replaced the first native Ghanaian chief justice, Sir Kobina Arku Korsah in 1964. He was removed after the coup d'état of 24 February 1966 by the military National Liberation Council government which was formed after the overthrow of Dr. Kwame Nkrumah.

Sarkodee-Adoo died in January 1972 at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra.

## InfoBox

| Julius Sarkodee-AdooJSC | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 2nd Chief Justice of Ghana | |
| **In office**
1964–1966 | |
| Appointed by | Dr. Kwame Nkrumah |
| Preceded by | Sir Kobina Arku Korsah |
| Succeeded by | Edward Akufo-Addo |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 8 September 1908 |
| Died | January 1972 (aged 63)
Accra |
| Nationality | Ghanaian |
|  | |


title: Central African Athletics Championships

abstract: The Central African Athletics Championships are an international athletics competition between countries in Central Africa. First held in 1976, it has been held sporadically since then, with the most recent edition being the ninth championships in 2015. The competition features mostly outdoor track and field events, though the 1991 championships had a men's marathon and the 1999 championships hosted a men's 20 kilometres race walk. There was also a cross country running championships held in 2000. These competitions were all hosted separately from the Central African Games as well as the East and Central African Championships.

text:
# Central African Athletics Championships

The **Central African Athletics Championships** are an international athletics competition between countries in Central Africa. First held in 1976, it has been held sporadically since then, with the most recent edition being the ninth championships in 2015.

The competition features mostly outdoor track and field events, though the 1991 championships had a men's marathon and the 1999 championships hosted a men's 20 kilometres race walk. There was also a cross country running championships held in 2000. These competitions were all hosted separately from the Central African Games as well as the East and Central African Championships.

## Editions

| Edition | Year | City | Country | Date | Nations | Athletes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1975 | Yaoundé | Cameroon |  |  |  |
| 2 | 1978 | Libreville | Gabon |  |  |  |
| 3 | 1980 | Brazzaville | Republic of the Congo |  |  |  |
| 4 | 1995 | Yaoundé | Cameroon |  |  |  |
| 5 | 1996 | N'Djamena | Chad |  |  |  |
| 6 | 1999 | Garoua | Cameroon |  |  |  |
| 7 | 2007 | Kinshasa | Democratic Republic of the Congo |  |  |  |
| 8 | 2013 | Brazzaville | Republic of the Congo |  |  |  |
| 9 | 2015 | Yaoundé | Cameroon |  |  |  |

## Participation

## Central African Cross Country Championships

In 2000, Bujumbura in Burundi staged the only known edition of a Central African Cross Country Championships. Long and short course races were held for both men and women, with Lambert Ndayikéza (36:29) and Béatrice Iradukunda (28:39) the long course winners and Onèsphore Nkunzimana (12:40) and Épiphanie Nyirabaramé (15:24) being the short course winners. Rwanda's Nyirabarame was the only winner not from the host nation. Burundi and Rwanda are the only nations in the region with an international pedigree in long-distance running.

## Champions

## InfoBox

| Central African Athletics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | outdoor track and field |
| Venue | varies |
| Participants | Central African nations |
| Organised by | Confederation of African Athletics |


abstract: This article details the qualifying phase for diving at the 2019 Pan American Games. The competition at these Games comprised a total of 70 athletes coming from 12 different nations; each was allowed to enter no more than 8 divers if entering teams into the synchronized diving events, or 6 divers if not. A maximum of two divers per event per NOC was enforced, and divers were allowed to enter into multiple events.

text:
# Diving at the 2019 Pan American Games – Qualification

This article details the qualifying phase for **diving at the 2019 Pan American Games**. The competition at these Games comprised a total of 70 athletes coming from 12 different nations; each was allowed to enter no more than 8 divers if entering teams into the synchronized diving events, or 6 divers if not. A maximum of two divers per event per NOC was enforced, and divers were allowed to enter into multiple events.

## Summary

The top twenty divers from the South American Swimming Championships along with the top twenty from the Central American and Caribbean Games and the Central American and Caribbean Swimming Championships combined qualified, with the remaining 14 places from Zone 1 and 2 being made up according to FINA rankings. Eight divers also qualified from Zones 3 and 4 (USA and Canada respectively) according to National Championships or trials held by the country.

Please note: Athletes could enter multiple events and therefore the numbers below are the number of entries each NOC made, not the number of athletes participating.

*'X' indicates a team of 2 divers*

| Nation | Synchronized diving | | | | Individual diving | | | | | | Total
entries |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Men's
3 m | Men's
10 m | Women's
3 m | Women's
10 m | Men's
1 m | Men's
3 m | Men's
10 m | Women's
1 m | Women's
3 m | Women's
10 m | |
| Brazil | X | X | X |  | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 18 |
| Canada | X | X | X | X |  | 2 | 2 |  | 2 | 2 | 16 |
| Chile | X |  |  |  | 2 | 2 |  | 2 | 2 |  | 10 |
| Colombia | X | X | X |  | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 17 |
| Cuba | X | X | X | X | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 20 |
| Dominican Republic | X | X |  |  | 1 | 2 | 2 |  |  |  | 9 |
| Jamaica |  |  |  |  | 1 | 1 |  |  |  |  | 2 |
| Mexico | X | X | X | X | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 20 |
| Peru | X |  | X |  | 1 | 1 |  | 1 | 1 |  | 8 |
| Puerto Rico |  |  |  |  | 1 | 1 | 1 |  |  |  | 3 |
| United States | X | X | X | X | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 20 |
| Venezuela |  | X |  |  |  |  | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 8 |
| Total: 12 NOCs | 18 | 16 | 14 | 8 | 15 | 19 | 17 | 14 | 16 | 14 | 151 |

Panam Sports final list - 1 August 2019

## Timeline

| Event | Date | Venue |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2018 Central American and Caribbean Games | July 19–25, 2018 | Barranquilla |
| 2018 South American Swimming Championships | November 7–10, 2018 | Trujillo |
| 2019 Central American and Caribbean Swimming Championships | March 28–31, 2019 | Havana |
| Re-allocation of unused quota | June 15–26, 2019 |  |


title: Blaenycoed

abstract: Blaenycoed, or Blaen-y-coed is a village situated between Carmarthen and Newcastle Emlyn, Wales, of 17 houses, a Welsh Independents chapel, a postbox and small farms. Blaen-y-coed literally translates to mean "Head-of-the-wood.". Woodland Rise is a camping and caravanning site in the village.

text:
# Blaenycoed

**Blaenycoed**, or **Blaen-y-coed** is a village situated between Carmarthen and Newcastle Emlyn, Wales, of 17 houses, a Welsh Independents chapel, a postbox and small farms. *Blaen-y-coed* literally translates to mean "Head-of-the-wood.". Woodland Rise is a camping and caravanning site in the village.

## Notable people

Howell Elvet Lewis, the Independent minister, hymn-writer, poet, known as Elfed, was born in 1860. The house where he was born, ***Y Gangell***, is near Blaenycoed and contains a small exhibition of his life. His ashes were also scattered in Blaenycoed chapel graveyard.

1. "Woodland Rise Camping and Caravan Park – Camping and Caravan Park for adults and children situated in the West Wales countryside".

## InfoBox

| Blaen-y-Coed | |
| --- | --- |
| Blaen-y-CoedLocation within Carmarthenshire | |
| Population | *See Carmarthen* |
| OS grid reference | SN348271 |
| Community |  |
| Principal area |  |
| Preserved county |  |
| Country | Wales |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Carmarthen |
| Postcode district | SA33 |
| Dialling code | 01267 |
|  | |
| Police | Dyfed-Powys |
| Fire | Mid and West Wales |
| Ambulance | Welsh |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
| Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament |  |
|


title: Chima Centus Nweze

abstract: Chima Centus Nweze was a Nigerian jurist and Justice of the Supreme Court of Nigeria.

text:
# Chima Centus Nweze

**Chima Centus Nweze** (25 September 1958 – 30 July 2023) was a Nigerian jurist and Justice of the Supreme Court of Nigeria.

## Early life

Chima Centus Nweze was born on 25 September 1958, and hailed from Enugu State, eastern Nigeria.

Nweze graduated with an LLB (Hons) from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka in 1983, BL from the Nigerian Law School in 1984, LL.M in 1995, and a PhD in Law in 2001 from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka.

## Law career

Prior to his appointment as justice of the Supreme Court of Nigeria, he was a Justice of the Nigerian courts of appeal.

Nweze was sworn in on 29 October 2014, by Justice Aloma Mariam Mukhtar, the former Chief Justice of Nigeria.

## Death

Chima Centus Nweze died on 30 July 2023, at the age of 64.

## InfoBox

| Chima Centus Nweze | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Justice of the Supreme Court of Nigeria | |
| **In office**
29 October 2014  30 July 2023 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1958-09-25)25 September 1958
Enugu State, Federation of Nigeria |
| Died | 30 July 2023(2023-07-30) (aged 64) |
| Political party | Non partisan |
|  | |


title: Thomas Vollnhofer

abstract: Thomas Vollnhofer is an Austrian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for SKN St. Pölten II.

text:
# Thomas Vollnhofer

**Thomas Vollnhofer** (born 2 September 1984) is an Austrian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for SKN St. Pölten II.

## International career

Between 2000 and 2003, Vollnhofer was capped for various Austrian national youth teams, representing his country at under-16, under-17 and under-19 level. For the U19, he was capped a total of 13 times under coach Paul Gludovatz. He was part of the team winning the third place in the 2003 UEFA European Under-19 Championship.

## Honours

**Austria U19**

## InfoBox

Thomas Vollnhofer
|  | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Thomas Vollnhofer | | |
| Date of birth | (1984-09-02) 2 September 1984 | | |
| Place of birth | Oberpullendorf, Austria | | |
| Height | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | SKN St. Pölten II | | |
| Number | 32 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1990–1998 | USC Kirchschlag | | |
| 1998–2002 | BNZ St. Pölten | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2002–2012 | SKN St. Pölten | 232 | (0) |
| 2012–2015 | Wiener Neustadt | 66 | (0) |
| 2015–2016 | First Vienna | 30 | (0) |
| 2016–2020 | SKN St. Pölten | 17 | (0) |
| 2016– | SKN St. Pölten II | 21 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2000–2001 | Austria U16 |  |  |
| 2001–2002 | Austria U17 | 13 | (0) |
| 2002–2003 | Austria U19 |  |  |
| Medal record      Representing  Austria  UEFA European Under-19 Championship  Liechtenstein 2003 U-19 Team | | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 6 June 2022 | | | |


title: Sober companion

abstract: A sober companion is a human services-related career path with the goal of helping the client maintain total abstinence or harm reduction from any addiction, and to establish healthy routines at home or after checking out of a residential treatment facility. Although regulations do not exist for the specific sober companion position, ethical existing peoples and businesses abide by the U.S. standards of mental health treatment. A sober companion may be a part of a whole medical and/or a clinical team of professional(s), may be formally licensed as a mental health professional, or have well-respected experiential experience in the field and/or may work independently on their own.

text:
# Sober companion

A **sober companion** is a human services-related career path with the goal of helping the client maintain total abstinence or harm reduction from any addiction, and to establish healthy routines at home or after checking out of a residential treatment facility. Although regulations do not exist for the specific sober companion position, ethical existing peoples and businesses abide by the U.S. standards of mental health treatment. A sober companion may be a part of a whole medical and/or a clinical team of professional(s), may be formally licensed as a mental health professional, or have well-respected experiential experience in the field and/or may work independently on their own.

## Service

Protocols for a sober companion when working with a client, their family, and/or friends are established immediately. These may include a psychotherapeutic approach, 12-step or non-12 step plan, other outside support groups, help establishing nutrition and fitness daily, medication therapy, or holistic practices. The primary duty of a sober coach is to ensure the recovering individual does not relapse. They may be hired to provide round the clock care, be on-call, or to accompany the recovering addict during certain activities.

A companion acts as an advocate for the newly recovering person and provides new ways for the client to act in their own living environment. A sober companion either completely removes the addict from his own environment of hidden stashes, or may search for hidden drugs in that environment, in an effort to prevent a relapse.

An engagement with a sober companion usually lasts 30 days or longer. The time required to effect a meaningful change varies depending upon the client, co-occurring disorders, and life at home. Ethically, a companion's presence in the client's life will titrate down as the client's ability to connect to newly defined healthy behaviors with family, work, and legal issues without relapse is proven. Some recovery coaches stay with their clients for many months, and some offer only transportation services (for instance, to and from treatment facilities or sober living homes). The sober companion's duties vary from case to case, from simply ensuring the client remains abstinent, to establishing and ushering a specific plan of recovered resources and relationships into their home and community.

Many sober companions are ex-addicts themselves and are sometimes hired in cases where a celebrity, actor or musician will not attend residential treatment, but must remain abstinent to complete a film or recording project. They are also depicted by some media outlets as "adult babysitters". Doctors may also refer to sober companions as "advocates" for actors, musicians, and other celebrities.

## Controversies

There has been controversy among sober companions over the use of drug replacement therapy and prescription drugs to ease withdrawal, cravings or other side effects of long-term narcotic and alcohol use. Sober companions are sometimes used as a replacement for residential addiction treatment or other forms of drug rehabilitation. Dr. Ronald J. Hunsicker, FACATA, National Association of Addiction Treatment Providers' president and chief executive officer, introduced an alternative perspective in mental health and addiction treatment programs. It was recommend that a combined approach be taken, particularly for people at high risk of relapse. Hunsicker's speech on “The Challenges for Implementing Evidence-Based Practices in Addiction Treatment" suggested that companions can help a patient successfully transition from a heavily structured, secure environment into the world where he previously failed to stay sober. Other experts are skeptical of the companion approach and its dependence on a single individual.

## Pop culture

The television series *Elementary* depicts Watson as a female sober companion to a modern-day Sherlock Holmes.


title: Claude-Marius Vaïsse

abstract: Claude-Marius Vaïsse was a French lawyer who joined the administration of the July Monarchy. During the French Second Republic he was briefly Minister of the Interior. Under the Second French Empire he was appointed prefect of the Rhône department. He was called the "Hausmann of Lyon" for his work on urban design in Lyon.

text:
# Claude-Marius Vaïsse

**Claude-Marius Vaïsse** (8 July 1799 – 8 August 1864) was a French lawyer who joined the administration of the July Monarchy. During the French Second Republic he was briefly Minister of the Interior. Under the Second French Empire he was appointed prefect of the Rhône department. He was called the "Hausmann of Lyon" for his work on urban design in Lyon.

## Early years

Claude-Marius Vaïsse was born in Marseille, Bouches -du- Rhône, on 8 August 1799. He studied law, and began to practice in Marseille as an *avoué*. Under the Bourbon Restoration he showed that he had strong Liberal views. After the July Revolution in 1830 he sold his practice and became Secretary General of the prefecture of Bouches-du-Rhône. He went to Algeria with General Danrémont, and was named Director of Civil Affairs in Algiers in 1837. After the death of the general at the siege of Constantine, he became sub-prefect of Saint-Quentin. He was prefect of Pyrénées-Orientales from 1842 to 1848.

## Second Republic and Second Empire

Vaïsse was dismissed by the interim government after the February Revolution of 1848. He aligned himself with the policy of Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, and was appointed Prefect of the Nord department in December 1848. He performed his duties with zeal, and on 24 January 1851 was appointed Minister of the Interior in the Petit ministère of 1851, holding office until 10 April 1851. He was elected a deputy for the Nord on 27 July 1851. Vaïsse supported the coup d'état of 2 December 1851 in which Napoleon seized power. He was made a member of the Consultative Commission, then the Council of State.

In 1853 Vaïsse was made Inspector of prefectures. In March 1854 he was given responsibility for the administration of the Rhône department. In Lyon he undertook major transformations and embellishments. He cleared the routes for several new streets, built the Exchange and restored the City Hall. He established a vast network of canals and aqueducts. On 19 June 1854 he was made a senator. In his votes he always supported the imperial government.

Vaïsse was awarded the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor. He died in Lyon, Rhône, on 29 August 1864. A memorial pays tribute to him in the Parc de la Tête d'Or (on the Belvedere, near the velodrome) and a small street named after him in the 6th arrondissement of Lyon, between the Avenue Foch and the Place d'Helvétie.

## Main works under his direction

**Citations**

**Sources**

* Robert, Adolphe; Cougny, Gaston (1891). "Claude, Marius VAÏSSE". *Dictionnaire des parlementaires français de 1789 à 1889 (Adolphe Robert et Gaston Cougny*. Retrieved 2014-04-15.

## InfoBox

| Claude-Marius Vaïsse | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1799-07-08)8 July 1799
Marseille, France |
| Died | 8 August 1864(1864-08-08) (aged 65)
Lyon, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Known for | Lyon urban design |


title: Julius Schachter

abstract: Julius Schachter was an American microbiologist at the University of California, San Francisco. He was a leading expert on Chlamydia.

text:
# Julius Schachter

**Julius Schachter** (June 1, 1936 – December 20, 2020) was an American microbiologist at the University of California, San Francisco. He was a leading expert on Chlamydia.

## Early life and education

Schachter was born in the Bronx, to parents Sam and Mary (Kudisch). His father was a furrier and his mother was a clerk at the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles.

He received his bachelor's degree in chemistry from Columbia University in 1957, his master's degree in physiology from Hunter College in 1960 and his PhD in bacteriology from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1965.

## Personal life and death

Schachter was married to Joyce Poynter from 1962 until her death in 1990. He remarried Dr. Elisabeth Scheer in 2018. In 1986, while traveling with his family, Schachter used a pocketknife to release oxygen masks that had not deployed during the TWA Flight 840 bombing.

He died from COVID-19 in San Francisco, on December 20, 2020, aged 84, during the COVID-19 pandemic in the San Francisco Bay Area.

## Selected publications

* Schachter J, Chow JM, Howard H, et al. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis by nucleic acid amplification testing: our evaluation suggests that CDC-recommended approaches for confirmatory testing are ill-advised. J Clin Micro. 2006; 44(7): 2512–7.
* Chernesky MA, Hook EW 3rd, Martin DH, et al. Women find it easy and prefer to collect their own vaginal swabs to diagnose Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections. Sex Transm Dis. 2005; 32: 729–33.
* Schachter J, Chernesky MA, Willis DE, et al. Vaginal swabs are the specimens of choice when screening for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: results from a multicenter evaluation of the APTIMA assays for both infections. Sex Transm Dis. 2005; 32: 725–8.
* Spaargaren J, Schachter J, Moncada J, et al. Slow epidemic of lymphogranuloma venereum L2b strain. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005; 11: 1787–8.
* Schachter J, Hook III EW, Martin DH, et al. Confirming positive results of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for Chlamydia trachomatis: all NAATs are not created equal. J Clin Microbiol. 2005; 43: 1372–3.


title: Redcliffe Showgrounds

abstract: The Redcliffe Showgrounds is a showground in Redcliffe, Queensland for the annual Redcliffe Show the June holidays. Whilst the show is not on, it is home to the Redcliffe Darts club, Redcliffe Bingo as well as PCYC Over 35 soccer club. It used to be the main field for the Redcliffe Dolphins up until 1982 before the club moved to Dolphin Oval, but still serves as a training ground. Prior to 2004, the Redcliffe Padres Baseball Club had called the Redcliffe Showgrounds home for 12 years, taking advantage of the great floodlighting facilities. In 2004, the club moved to the recently built field at Talobilla Park in Kippa-Ring.

text:
# Redcliffe Showgrounds

The **Redcliffe Showgrounds** is a showground in Redcliffe, Queensland for the annual Redcliffe Show the June holidays. Whilst the show is not on, it is home to the Redcliffe Darts club, Redcliffe Bingo as well as PCYC Over 35 soccer club. It used to be the main field for the Redcliffe Dolphins up until 1982 before the club moved to Dolphin Oval, but still serves as a training ground.

Prior to 2004, the Redcliffe Padres Baseball Club had called the Redcliffe Showgrounds home for 12 years, taking advantage of the great floodlighting facilities. In 2004, the club moved to the recently built field at Talobilla Park in Kippa-Ring.

## InfoBox

Redcliffe Showgrounds
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Scarborough Road, Redcliffe, Queensland |
| Coordinates | 27°13′32″S 153°6′29″E / 27.22556°S 153.10806°E / -27.22556; 153.10806 |
| Owner | Moreton Bay Regional Council |
| Capacity | 1,800 |
| Surface | Grass |


title: Shout (band)

abstract: Shout was an American rock band formed in 1987 by Ken Tamplin. Musically, the band was similar to Journey and Styx, with the Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music describing them as "more competent than Stryper". Cornerstone magazine wrote that Shout was more straightforward than other Christian metal bands such as Bloodgood. The band garnered a Dove Award after their breakup in 1989.

text:
# Shout (band)

**Shout** was an American rock band formed in 1987 by Ken Tamplin. Musically, the band was similar to Journey and Styx, with the *Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music* describing them as "more competent than Stryper". *Cornerstone* magazine wrote that Shout was more straightforward than other Christian metal bands such as Bloodgood. The band garnered a Dove Award after their breakup in 1989.

## History

Their first album, *It Won't Be Long*, was recorded by session musicians. These included Lanny Cordola (Magdalen), Marty Friedman (Megadeth), Michael Angelo (Nitro), Joseph Galletta, Loren Robinson, Dennis Holt (AD), and others. The album was an instant hit, and the band played at London's famed Marquee in August 1988. Following this release Tamplin hired Galletta and Robinson, who he had played with in Joshua, on a full-time basis. These three members would form the long term core of the band. Chuck King (Idle Cure) also became an integral part of the band. The band achieved early success in Europe and toured there in August 1988.

Their second album, *In Your Face*, sold 40,000 copies within a month of its release. The album was said to express "every nuance and shade of loudness and fastness". At that time the band became widely successful, selling out shows at the Roxy Theatre. The lead single, "In Your Face", won the Dove Award for hard music song in 1990.

The band dissolved in 1989 due to primarily two issues: the "inability of Christian music to financially support artists" and a lawsuit over naming rights, where Tamplin was held to have the right to record under the name Shout, but an East Coast band had the right to perform with it. Tamplin went on to pursue a solo career. Two compilations were issued before Tamplin reformed the band. New material was issued in their 1999 release, *Shout Back*.

## Discography

## Members

* Loren Robinson – bass
* Ken Tamplin – guitar, vocals
* Chuck King – guitar, vocals
* Joseph Galletta – drums
* Dennis Holt – drums
* Mark Hugonberger – keyboard
* Roger Mielke – keyboard

## Guest musicians

## InfoBox

| Shout | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Costa Mesa, California, U.S. |
| Genres | Rock, hard rock, Christian metal |
| Years active | 1987–1989, 1999 (Reunion: 2012, 2024) |
| Labels | Frontline, Intense |
|  | |
| Past members | * Loren Robinson * Ken Tamplin * Chuck King * Joseph Galletta * Dennis Holt * Mark Hugonberger * Roger Mielke |


title: The Mermaid (2016 film)

abstract: The Mermaid is a 2016 Chinese-Hong Kong romantic comedy fantasy film directed, co-written and produced by Stephen Chow, which stars Lin Yun, Deng Chao, Zhang Yuqi and Show Lo. The film tells the story of a playboy businessman who falls in love with a mermaid sent to assassinate him. The film was released in China on 8 February 2016, and broke numerous box office records, including biggest opening day and biggest single-day gross through its seventh day of release. The Mermaid had the biggest opening week of all time in China, where it became the thirteenth-highest-grossing film of all time. A sequel is reported to have completed filming. A treatment for an American remake is being written by Cherry Chevapravatdumrong and Teresa Hsiao.

text:
# The Mermaid (2016 film)

***The Mermaid*** (Chinese: 美人鱼) is a 2016 Chinese-Hong Kong romantic comedy fantasy film directed, co-written and produced by Stephen Chow, which stars Lin Yun, Deng Chao, Zhang Yuqi and Show Lo. The film tells the story of a playboy businessman (Deng Chao) who falls in love with a mermaid (Lin Yun) sent to assassinate him.

The film was released in China on 8 February 2016, and broke numerous box office records, including biggest opening day and biggest single-day gross through its seventh day of release. *The Mermaid* had the biggest opening week of all time in China, where it became the thirteenth-highest-grossing film of all time.

A sequel is reported to have completed filming. A treatment for an American remake is being written by Cherry Chevapravatdumrong and Teresa Hsiao.

## Plot

Playboy property tycoon Liu Xuan (Deng Chao) purchases the Green Gulf, a coastal wildlife reserve, for a land reclamation project, and uses sonar technology to get rid of the sea life in the area. Unknown to him, the Green Gulf is the home of merpeople and the sonar (in addition to heavy pollution) has caused many of them to die or get sick. The few survivors live in an abandoned shipwreck in the gulf, and want to assassinate Xuan for his deeds. The merfolk send Shan (Lin Yun), a beautiful young mermaid, who has been trained to walk on her fins and hide among humans, to seduce and kill Xuan. At an extravagant party celebrating Xuan's business success, Shan, pretending to be a dancer, asks him to call her.

Xuan, believing that Shan is an escort, calls her number in order to make Ruolan (Zhang Yuqi), his business partner (and ex-girlfriend), jealous. Shan attempts to kill Xuan, but all her attempts backfire. Xuan decides to escort Shan back home, and along the way Shan takes him to a funfair where she works. While there, Shan shows Xuan there are more important things than money, and Xuan is impressed with Shan's simple, amusing antics. They spend the day together and develop feelings for each other. When Xuan finally takes Shan home, Shan quickly sends Xuan away before her people can kill him. The next day, Xuan takes Shan out on another date and proposes to her. Xuan admits that even though they only met the day before, he already knows that she is the one for him. A conflicted Shan rejects him and admits that she was sent there to kill him. Xuan kisses her, but Ruolan interrupts them. Shan runs out, and as Xuan attempts to follow her, Ruolan stops him. Angered, Xuan demands Ruolan to cancel their business deal.

That night, as Shan gets into an argument with the other merpeople, Xuan goes to Shan's house to talk to her. There, he discovers that she and her family are merpeople. Against Shan's wishes, the others capture Xuan and explain that he is killing them with his land development project. Xuan is about to be killed when Shan helps him escape. Octopus (Show Lo), one of Shan's friends, gets angry and realizes that she has fallen in love with him. Xuan returns home and, after the shock has worn off, decides to investigate the consequences of his project. He turns off the sonar but tells Ruolan that Shan is a mermaid and reveals where the other merpeople live. Ruolan tells Xuan that George, her henchman, also believes in mermaids and has been trying to find one. She is angered at Xuan's lack of affection and vows to kill Shan. Xuan tries to stop them but they dismiss him and proceed to the abandoned ship. The merpeople are attacked by Ruolan's mercenaries, and many of them are killed. The merpeople soon realize that the sonar had been turned off and return to the ocean. As Shan attempts to escape, she is shot and forced onto land. Xuan, using a jetpack, arrives in time to retrieve a badly-injured Shan. As he is carrying her to the ocean, Ruolan angrily shoots him, but George stops her before she could injure him any further. Shan insists that Xuan leave her, but he continues to carry her to safety. The police arrive and while Ruolan and George get arrested, Xuan collapses from his wounds.

Three years later, a student arrives at Xuan's home to thank him for setting up a scholarship for research into environmental protection. The student asks Xuan whether merpeople are real and if the story that he fell in love with a mermaid is true, but Xuan denies it. Xuan then introduces the student to his wife, "Lucy", who is actually Shan in a human disguise. Xuan and Shan encourage the student to travel and explore the world. The screen then goes to Xuan and Shan swimming in the ocean along with the other merpeople.

## Cast

## Production

### Inspirations

The story was inspired by Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale of "The Little Mermaid" in which a mermaid loves a human, but Chow wanted to make it a modern interpretation: "I saw great creative space and development potential from the story". In another interview, Chow said: "I'm actually a big fairy-tale fan. All my previous titles can be understood as fairy tales. In the world of fairy tales, the evil are punished and the good see a happy ending. I buy that idea."

Another inspiration comes from Chow's own childhood experiences. "I lived near the sea at a young age and I looked at the sea every day. I was frightened and curious. I was very nervous when I swam in the sea and felt there might be something hidden below. I’ve been fascinated with the (mermaid) story since then, and I felt I could do the film, creating the concept 6 years ago and beginning to write the script four or five years ago."

### Casting

#### Male lead and villain

Stephen Chow picked Deng Chao to play the film's lead male character Liu Xuan, even though Show Lo (who played Octopus in the film, and had previously worked with Chow in *Journey to the West: Conquering the Demons*) was also in the consideration. Chow explained that he ultimately chose Deng Chao for the lead role due to his overwhelming popularity in China, and he also had confidence in Deng's comedic talent, having observed his performances in the slapstick-style hit *The Breakup Guru*.

Zhang Yuqi first worked with Chow in *CJ7* and gained fame from that role. They both later fell out in a highly publicized contractual dispute. But the personal relationship between them was not intense and Zhang once defended Chow when he was under personality attacks from former disgruntled collaborators and employees. When Zhang got a call from Chow, she was in a foreign country while her car broke down. She said yes to join the cast to play the film's villain, and described the role as a personal challenge.

#### The "Mermaid"

The selection of the female lead character, the "Mermaid" Shan, was one of the most publicized parts of the filming process. As reported on *Oriental Daily News*, the then 18-year-old actress Lin Yun was selected by Chow and his casting team from over 120,000 participants due to her demure personality in a talent contest held in Shenzhen. Reportedly, throughout the 13 casting-training period, Lin Yun caught the casting team's eyes for being calm and collected while other participants tried their hardest to steal the spotlight. According to Lin Yun, she entered the audition at her friends' recommendation, and has always admired Stephen Chow.

The mass audition was from 31 July – 15 August 2014 when everyone could submit the CVs to the website for online votes and for the casting team to choose. A total of 43 contestants were selected after the first round, and then were shortlisted to 13 finalists to participate in the final contest held on 15 September 2014. Among them, six were chosen to continue in the audition process. Lin Yun eventually won the role of the film.

### Filming

*The Mermaid* began filming in October 2014, with shoots taking place in Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Dongguan, and in Beijing. Before the filming, confirmed cast members include Deng Chao, Show Lo, Zhang Yuqi, and newcomer Lin Yun was from a talent contest held specifically for *The Mermaid* in Shenzhen.

The film's production was a well-kept secret. A major set was built up in a large factory, which was used once for glass production, in Shenzhen as the shelter of mermaids in the film. Reports say that most of the scenes in his latest film have been shot more than 50 times to meet his exacting standards. Chow has even personally coached most of the cast on acting-from lead stars Deng, Zhang Yuqi and Lin Yun to Show Lo, as well as other cast members. To get the best result, Chow once let Deng Chao and Lin Yun eat 150 roasted chickens for shooting a scene. Lin Yun said Chow has never shouted at her and would often watch out for her. Playing the role of a mermaid, Lin often had to put on the safety harness when filming her underwater scenes. As she was not used to it, she often incurred injuries all over her body, and on one occasion, Yun nearly became disfigured.

Filming wrapped up in Beijing on 2 February 2015, and then went into post-production, adding visual effects by Ken Law and his Different Digital Design Ltd., as well as by MACROGRAPH，Ltd. from South Korea, both of which worked for Chow's previous film *Journey to the West: Conquering the Demons*.

### Notable cameos

Directors Tsui Hark and Stephen Chow collaborated for the first time in *The Mermaid*. The two film directors had never worked together during their careers, despite each spanning three decades. Tsui Hark said they had discussed collaboration for years but Chow was so busy that Tsui had to wait until then. At a press conference in Beijing to promote *The Mermaid*, it was revealed that director Tsui Hark and actor Kris Wu would have cameo appearances in the film.

Other notable cameos include actor Wen Zhang, who was in Chow's previous blockbuster *Journey to the West: Conquering the Demons*, and the comedian duo Kong Lianshun and Bai Ke (White. K) from the popular web series *Surprise*, and the 2015 fantasy comedy film *Surprise*.

## Marketing

Stephen Chow was on a 20-city tour in China to promote *The Mermaid*, including many fan meetings. Nine companies, including China Film Group, Hehe (Shanghai) Pictures and Enlight Media, invested in the production, while four companies, Star Overseas, Hehe Pictures, Maxtimes Culture, and Union (Beijing) Pictures collaborated in terms of marketing and promotion.

On 24 May 2016, Stephen Chow, Deng Chao and Lin Yun joined Chinese government ministers in Wellington for a screening of *The Mermaid* as the opening of the "New Zealand China Film Week" at New Zealand's national museum to bring cultural exchange between the China and New Zealand film-making communities.

### Trailers and "hunger marketing"

There were three trailers released before *The Mermaid's* debut. In the first trailer, the tycoon, played by Deng Chao, tells police that he has met and been kidnapped by a mermaid. In its final 90-second trailer released on 31 January 2016, it showed the love story between Liu Xuan and Shan, the two main characters, as well as the killing and hunting of the mermaids. An interesting twist and a historical link was seen in the second trailer, where there was a clue hinting at legendary Chinese mariner Zheng He's voyages in the 15th century. However, much of the storyline was kept a secret and the trailers didn't reveal too much as the marketing team held the belief to make the trailers "less amazing than the actual movie", in order to lower the hype and expectation, and so that when audiences saw the film, they would be "surprised".

Chow also adopted "hunger marketing" this time to maintain high secrecy and mystery by not letting anyone, including theater managers and film critics, see the film in advance at any premieres until it actually opened in theaters.

### Theme song and music videos

The theme song of *The Mermaid* is titled "Invincible". The song was written and composed by Stephen Chow and performed by Deng Chao. Film score composer Raymond Wong (*Shaolin Soccer,* *Kung Fu Hustle*, *CJ7* and *Journey to the West: Conquering the Demons*) made the arrangement, while the music producer Patrick Tsang (who produced records for Faye Wong, Eason Chan and more) mixed it. The song also has a music video in which Deng Chao sings in studio while Stephen Chow, Kris Wu and Lin Yun appear to sing the song too. Their vocals are never heard as there is only one vocal track by Deng.

Adam Cheng, Lin Yun, Stephen Chow and Karen Mok appeared at a press conference in Beijing on 18 January 2016, to release the promotional song "You Are the Best in the World" for the film. The song is Cheng and Mok's cover of the popular old song from the 1983 TV series "The Legend of the Condor Heroes." The music video of "You Are the Best in the World" shows a duet by Adam Cheng and Karen Mok with Stephen Chow adding background vocals.

### Finance

A rumored deal of a two billion yuan box office guarantee was widely reported by the media. The deal would enable Chow and the film's producers to receive a huge chunk of advance income before box office grosses actually hit two billion yuan in China. If the gross eventually surpasses that figure, the distributors will take priority in collecting dividends. Yang Wei, Chairwoman of Hehe Pictures, "admitted there was such deal but she would not reveal the exact number since the details were covered by a secrecy clause in the agreement."

The "box office guarantee model" has existed for more than a decade now in the Chinese film industry. Chow's last film *Journey to the West: Conquering the Demons*, along with many other recent blockbuster comedies such as *Breakup Buddies* also used this kind of approach. It is said "The model offers not only risk control, securing the production party's interests, but also gives distributors priority in financing blockbusters-to-be, as well as showing their confidence in the films' future box office performance."

"I can confirm Hehe Pictures is the principal party of the deal and paid all the box office guarantees," Yang said.

### Milestone posters

As *The Mermaid* has become the highest-grossing film in China, a new poster was released to mark the milestone.

## Release

*The Mermaid* was released in China on 8 February 2016. In the U.S., it was given a limited release by Sony Pictures on 19 February across 35 theaters. In the Philippines, the film was also given a limited released in theaters on 11 May 2016, simply titled ***Mermaid***, with Columbia Pictures Philippines and Edko Films as distributors.

### Box office

Buoyed by anticipation from fans as well as having the advantage of opening a day after the Chinese New Year, *The Mermaid* earned an opening day record of US$40.9 million, at the time this was the biggest opening day for a Chinese film and the second biggest of all time there behind the opening day of *Furious 7*. US$1 million came from midnight screenings. The film set a record for the fastest film to earn CN¥1 billion (US$152.4 million), doing so within four days of release, and also recorded the largest five-day gross receipts (US$187.3 million). Through its seven-day opening week, it grossed US$275.1 million, breaking records for the biggest seven-day gross and the biggest opening week of all time in China (breaking the record of *Furious 7*), and the third biggest of all time, behind Hollywood films *Star Wars: The Force Awakens* (US$390.8 million) and *Jurassic World* (US$296.2 million). It grossed US$120.4 million alone for the three-day opening weekend (Friday to Sunday), the biggest of all time in China and the second biggest three-day gross behind the Saturday-to-Monday gross of *Furious 7*. This along with *From Vegas to Macau III* (US$119 million) and *The Monkey King 2* (US$116 million) helped the Chinese box office to break the *Guinness World Record* for the biggest box office week with $548 million from 8 – 14 February 2016. The previous record was set in the week of 26 December 2015 – 1 January 2016 when *Star Wars: The Force Awakens* led the box office with US$261 million and the box office that week totalled US$529.6 million. The previous biggest Chinese box office week had been set in July 2015 when *Monster Hunt*, *Pancake Man*, and *Monkey King: Hero is Back*, combined for a then total US$253 million during their first week.

On 19 February 2016 – 12 days after release – the film became the highest-grossing film in China with CN¥2.45 billion, overtaking the previous record holder, *Furious 7*. In its second weekend, its receipts fell by 53% to US$55.9 million from 155,704 screenings for a 14-day total of US$419.2 million. On 26 February, it was announced that *The Mermaid* had grossed three billion yuan (US$459 million) on its 19th day since release on Chinese mainland. It was the first film ever to launch the three-billion-yuan club in China's film industry and set a new milestone. On 5 March, it became the first film to gross over US$500 million in China and the seventh overall in a single territory. *The Mermaid* grossed 3.39 billion yuan (US$525 million) in China, Due to its success, its theatrical release in China was extended to June 2016.

The film also found success outside of China, scoring the largest opening day of all time for a Chinese film both in Malaysia ($838,000) and in Singapore ($528,000). It also opened in first place in Malaysia with US$3.8 million (ahead of *Deadpool*) and in Vietnam with US$2 million. In Singapore it debuted in second place with US$1.6 million. In Hong Kong, *The Mermaid* broke the local opening day record with HK$4.96 million (US$638,352), surpassing the previous record holder *Kung Fu Hustle* (HK$4.42 million) which was also directed by Chow. As of 3 April 2016, it had grossed US$7.69 million there.

In the U.S., the film grossed $985,000 in its opening weekend – at an average of $28,144 per theater – making it the biggest opening weekend to date for a limited release Chinese-language film.

The *Apple Daily*, however, reported that Taiwan would not be releasing *The Mermaid*. Taiwanese quota regulations at the time permitted only ten Chinese mainland films to be released in Taiwan in any given year. Chinese mainland movies were required to draw lots; only those with numbers 1–10 received permission. *The Mermaid* drew #44. This was the first time that Taiwan audiences missed a Stephen Chow film, and fans protested against Taiwan's cultural ministry about the matter.

### Critical response

Response to the film was generally positive. It earned a 95% score on Rotten Tomatoes based on 37 critic reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "*The Mermaid* requires a willingness to embrace the strange, but backs up its wacky flights of fancy with a big-hearted fairy tale and a resonant message." It earned a 69% score on Metacritic.

Glenn Kenny of *The New York Times* noted that The Mermaid is "no ordinary fantastical rom-com…encompassing as it does weaponized sea urchins, incredibly delicious roasted chickens, man-octopus self-mutilation and other comic oddities." Bilge Ebiri of *New York Magazine* praised the film, saying that it's "amazing how distinctive and strange Mermaid manages to be, especially given the highly derivative concept - how personal it feels, amid all the absurdist, go-for-broke humor. It deserves to be seen." Dylan Kickham of *Entertainment Weekly* thought the film was "at its best when embracing the ridiculous, no-holds-barred, farcical comedy that Chow had become known for, thanks to films like *Kung Fu Hustle* and *Shaolin Soccer*. From the start, and throughout the middle of the movie, Chow and his actors present a full-force farce." Simon Abrams of *RogerEbert.com* noted that "It doesn't matter if you don't like subtitles. It doesn't matter if you've never heard of the director. It doesn't matter if you've never seen a Chinese movie in your life. It will make you laugh. Guaranteed." *South China Morning Post*'s film critic Ben Sin gave the film three out of five stars and described it as "a solid dramedy with heart and, more importantly, a message", though he opined that, being Chow's second film where he stayed behind the camera, it "has to be disappointing to Hongkongers". James Marsh of *Screen International* said that actress Lin "brings a delightfully quirky demeanour to her literal fish-out-of-water" and "the occasionally hokey CGI only adds to the film’s oddball charm." Zhang Rui of *China.org.cn* commented that "The film has a simple and strong message to deliver: Love can transcend race and other barriers. You could hardly expect to see such a pure fairy tale and such a clean theme in blockbusters for a long time, but Chow has done it with a pure and childlike heart." Elizabeth Kerr of *The Hollywood Reporter* said that "the fantastical *Mermaid* delivers its message without a shred of subtlety (and is unapologetic about it) but with considerable charm, wit and darkness to make up for it." MovieXclusive.com gave the film four out of five stars and said that the film "is a complete package – a stellar cast which delivers fun performances, a decent story about environmentalism, and most importantly: a barrelful of laughs guaranteed to entertain the whole family."

### Accolades

| List of awards and nominations | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Award | Date of ceremony | Category | Recipient(s) | Result | Ref(s) |
| 12th Chinese American Film Festival | 2016 | Golden Angel Award Film | *The Mermaid* | Won |  |
| | | Best Newcomer | Lin Yun | Won | |
| Asian Film Awards | | 21 March 2017 | Best Newcomer | Nominated |  |
| Saturn Awards | 28 June 2017 | Best International Film | *The Mermaid* | Nominated |  |
| Hong Kong Film Awards | 9 April 2017 | Best Film | Stephen Chow | Nominated |  |
| | | Best Director | Stephen Chow | Nominated | |
| | | Best Screenplay | Stephen Chow | Nominated | |
| | | Best Supporting Actress | Zhang Yuqi | Nominated | |
| | | Best New Performer | Lin Yun | Nominated | |
| | | Best Art Direction | Chan Kam Ho Raymond | Nominated | |
| | | Best Original Film Song | Composer and Lyricist： Stephen Chow<br>Performer： Deng Chao<br>(For the song "Invincible") | Nominated | |
| | | Best Visual Effects | Ken Law<br>Lee In-ho<br>Kang Tae-gyun<br>Marco Ng | Nominated | |
|

## InfoBox

| The Mermaid | |
| --- | --- |
| Chinese theatrical release poster | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Traditional Chinese | 美人魚 |
| Simplified Chinese | 美人鱼 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin měirényú  Yue: Cantonese  Jyutping mei<sup>5</sup> jan<sup>4</sup> jyu<sup>4</sup> | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Directed by | Stephen Chow |
| Written by | * Stephen Chow * Kelvin Lee * Andrew Fung * Ho Miu-kei * Chan Hing-kai * Lu Zhengyu * Ivy Kong * Tsang Kan-cheong |
| Story by | Stephen Chow |
| Based on | The Little Mermaid<br>by Hans Christian Andersen |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Choi Sung-fai |
| Edited by |  |
| Music by | Raymond Wong<br>Huang Fuhua<br>Wendy Zhang |
| Production<br>companies |  |
| Distributed by | * Beijing Enlight Pictures * China Film Group Corporation |
| Release date | * 8 February 2016 (2016-02-08) |
| Running time | 94 minutes |
| Countries | * China * Hong Kong |
| Language | Mandarin |
| Budget | US$60.72 million |
| Box office | US$553.8 million |


title: Rolf Lislevand

abstract: Rolf Lislevand, is a Norwegian performer of Early music specialising on lute, vihuela, baroque guitar and theorbo.

text:
# Rolf Lislevand

**Rolf Lislevand** (30 December 1961 in Oslo, Norway), is a Norwegian performer of Early music specialising on lute, vihuela, baroque guitar and theorbo.

## Biography

From 1980 to 1984, Lislevand studied classical guitar at the Norwegian Academy of Music. In 1984 he entered the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis in Switzerland, under the tutelage of lutenists Hopkinson Smith and Eugen Dombois up to 1987 when he moved to Italy. From 1990 he was a teacher at the conservatory in Toulouse, France, from 1993 professor at the Music Academy in the German town of Trossingen.

Since his first album as main artist with works from the "Libro Quarto d'intavolatura di Chitarrone" by composer Hieronymus Kapsberger, he had gained various awards: *Diapason d’Or*,  *Choc du Monde de la Musique*, *10 de Répertoire*, etc.

In 1991 he played as part of the sound-track to the French film *Tous les Matins du Monde* together with the viol player Jordi Savall, with whom he has had an extensive collaboration.

Lislevand's son André Lislevand plays the viola da gamba.

## Honors

## Discography (in selection)

### Solo albums

### Collaborations

## InfoBox

| Rolf Lislevand | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1961-12-30) 30 December 1961<br>Oslo |
| Origin | Norway |
| Genres | Contemporary and classical music |
| Occupation | Musician |
| Instrument(s) | Lute, vihuela, baroque guitar, theorbo |
|  | |
| Website | player.ecmrecords.com/lislevand |


title: Solomos Museum

abstract: The Solomos Museum, officially known as the Museum of Solomos and Eminent Zakynthians, is a museum dedicated to Dionysios Solomos and Andreas Kalvos. Founded in 1959, it is located in St. Mark's Square, in the northern part of Zakynthos. The museum features local art from the 18th and 19th centuries, sculptures, musical instruments contemporary to the eminent Zakynthians, and ceramics. There are also portraits dedicated to the most important people of the island. Since March 2022, its head is a female mathematician Eleni Pylarinou.

text:
# Solomos Museum

The **Solomos Museum**, officially known as the Museum of Solomos and Eminent Zakynthians, is a museum dedicated to Dionysios Solomos and Andreas Kalvos. Founded in 1959, it is located in St. Mark's Square, in the northern part of Zakynthos. The museum features local art from the 18th and 19th centuries, sculptures, musical instruments contemporary to the eminent Zakynthians, and ceramics. There are also portraits dedicated to the most important people of the island. Since March 2022, its head is a female mathematician Eleni Pylarinou.

## History

Dionysios Solomos (April 8, 1798 - February 9, 1857) was a Greek poet born in Zakynthos. Among his most important works is the "Hymn to Liberty", the first two stanzas of which are part of the Greek national anthem. In 1828, he moved to Corfu to become a poet. He has been interred in the mausoleum since 1968.

Andreas Kalvos (April 1, 1792 - November 3, 1869) was born in Zakynthos (under the rule of the Venetian Republic). He published five volumes of poetry and drama.

Other prominent Zakynthians featured in the museum include:

Official website

37°47′18″N 20°53′55″E / 37.78847°N 20.89865°E / 37.78847; 20.89865


title: Thomas Vonier

abstract: Thomas Vonier is an architect with a private practice based in Paris and Washington D.C. He is a senior partner in Chesapeake Strategies Ltd, advising organizations on innovations in the building, design, security, and urban sectors. Vonier is a leading advocate for applying research to architectural design, advancing the use of innovative technologies in buildings and cities, and integrating unobtrusive security measures with architecture and urban design. He speaks frequently to public and professional audiences. Atlantic magazine's "CityLab" featured Vonier in its live session with New York mayor Michael Bloomberg and Paris mayor Anne Hidalgo, to address contemporary challenges facing the world's major cities. He appeared on the NPR program All Things Considered, and on the WBUR program Here and Now, in features on urban security. He was the international advisor to the Federal Triangle Security project, which received a Presidential Design Award. The 95,000-member American Institute of Architects elected Vonier as its national president for 2017. Delegates to the World Congress of Architects, held in Seoul, elected Vonier as UIA president from 2017 to 2021, representing the world's 3.2 million architects. Vonier has worked as an architect with many public and private international organisations in the United States and abroad. He led the work to produce landmark reforms in embassy design, implemented by the US Secretary of State. He has completed work on educational facilities, corporate office buildings, hotels and resorts, consulates and embassies, public buildings, and retail complexes.

text:
# Thomas Vonier

**Thomas Vonier (FAIA, RIBA)** is an architect with a private practice based in Paris and Washington D.C. He is a senior partner in Chesapeake Strategies Ltd, advising organizations on innovations in the building, design, security, and urban sectors.

Vonier is a leading advocate for applying research to architectural design, advancing the use of innovative technologies in buildings and cities, and integrating unobtrusive security measures with architecture and urban design. He speaks frequently to public and professional audiences.

*Atlantic* magazine's "CityLab" featured Vonier in its live session with New York mayor Michael Bloomberg and Paris mayor Anne Hidalgo, to address contemporary challenges facing the world's major cities. He appeared on the NPR program *All Things Considered*, and on the WBUR program *Here and Now*, in features on urban security. He was the international advisor to the Federal Triangle Security project, which received a Presidential Design Award.

The 95,000-member American Institute of Architects elected Vonier as its national president for 2017. Delegates to the World Congress of Architects, held in Seoul, elected Vonier as UIA president from 2017 to 2021, representing the world's 3.2 million architects.

Vonier has worked as an architect with many public and private international organisations in the United States and abroad. He led the work to produce landmark reforms in embassy design, implemented by the US Secretary of State. He has completed work on educational facilities, corporate office buildings, hotels and resorts, consulates and embassies, public buildings, and retail complexes.

## Education

Vonier studied architecture at Washington University in St. Louis and at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, earning Bachelor of Science in Architecture and Master of Architecture degrees. He served as a research affiliate with the MIT Laboratory of Architecture and Planning, and organized Summer Institute programmes at MIT and the Harvard Graduate School of Design.

## Career

Vonier had the opportunity early in his life to tour Taliesin East with Frank Lloyd Wright. He cites that experience as the beginning of his lifelong interest in architecture. He worked throughout high school and college for architects and industrial designers.

Prior to entering university, Vonier worked for industrial designer Brooks Stevens, who produced designs for the Avanti, the Studebaker Hawk, the Jeepster and the Jeep Wagoneer, the AMC Pacer, the Excalibur SS, the Harley Davidson Sportster motorcycle, and many other recreational vehicles and household products. During his work with Brooks Stevens, Vonier developed skills in sketching, mechanical drawing, modelmaking, shop techniques, and illustration.

As a graduate student in architecture, Vonier received a fellowship from the National Science Foundation to study museum design. The fellowship sent him to Washington D.C., where he worked with the Smithsonian Institution and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

His study of modern display and exhibition methods led him to meet with Roy Disney, the brother of Walt Disney, and to take an immersion course with the Disney "Imagineering" team in Anaheim, California. The fellowship culminated in a book on public participation in design policy and decision-making.

Vonier was encouraged to pursue international work by Ron Herron, a member of *Archigram* in London, and Nathaniel Owings, a founding partner in SOM, chair of the Pennsylvania Avenue Development Commission, both of whom came to know Vonier when he was a student.

After the fellowship in Washington D.C., Vonier took a break from studies to work and travel in Europe. He sailed from New York on the SS France and found work in London for a hotel developer in the Pimlico neighbourhood. He then went to Vienna, Austria, collaborating with architects Hannes Lintl and Rudolf Keiml.

After returning to the US to complete graduate studies, Vonier became a program manager with the AIA Research Corporation. He led projects in energy conservation, passive solar energy use, seismic design, and adaptive re-use of historic buildings. He was part of a group of young architects doing work during the mid-1970s on energy conscious design and the use of solar and wind energy.

Vonier was the founding president of AIA Continental Europe, one of the seven chapters of the American Institute of Architects (1994-1995). He was the first president of the AIA International Region and chairman of the jury for Honorary Fellows of the American Institute of Architects. In 2010, he was named AIA 2010-2012 board of directors, as the AIA's international director. He became president of the AIA in 2017.

Based in Paris and Washington D.C., Vonier's practice serves public and private clients with global industrial operations. He also works with municipalities to improve urban security. As a board certified security professional, Vonier led groundbreaking research for US embassies and consulates, resulting in landmark recommendations to the Secretary of State and a new generation of design criteria. He was international advisor to the Federal Triangle planning project, which received a Presidential Design Award.

With a group of young architects in Washington D.C., Vonier pioneered work in energy conscious design and the use of solar and wind energy. He was part of the team that received a *P/A Design Award* for the College of the Atlantic in Bar Harbor, Maine. He received the Henry Adams Award for his research on public museums, completed under a fellowship from the National Science Foundation.

An award-winning author on both architecture and security, Tom was the European correspondent for *Progressive Architecture* magazine, where his work was nominated for the Jesse H. Neal Award.

Vonier was also liaison delegate to the Architects' Council of Europe in Brussels. He was elected to serve as Secretary General of the International Union of Architects (UIA) in Paris, and leads in its roles with UNESCO, the WTO and various world heritage and climate organizations. He has lectured widely on architecture, and served as a research affiliate with the Laboratory of Architecture and Planning at MIT.

## Private architecture practice

Vonier established a private practice in Washington D.C. upon becoming licensed as an architect. Now based both in Paris and in Washington D.C., his practice serves public and private clients with global operations. He also consults with municipalities to improve urban security.

Vonier was senior security advisor for overseas operations and facilities to the Halliburton corporation, reporting directly to its chief executive, Dick Cheney. He led multiple "red team" exercises, conducted post-incident analyses, and designed security upgrades for sites operated worldwide by Halliburton and its subsidiary, Brown & Root. He led evaluations of NATO operational sites and billeting facilities, and assessments of field offices and oilfield worksites in Eastern Europe, Eurasia, and North Africa.

During his tenure as European vice president for ASIS International, the global security organisation, Vonier was senior advisor to the International Centre for Urban Security in Barcelona. He worked with the Rand Corporation on comparative municipal security studies in the aftermath of motor vehicle attacks in Nice, New York, and Barcelona.

His practice has worked numerous US government agencies and departments, including the National Park Service, the US Department of Energy, and the US Department of Housing and Urban Development. His firm also worked with the State of California on energy conservation codes, and with the National Trust for Historic Preservation on design guidelines for historic properties.

In addition to the US Department of State and the National Park Service, his firm has worked for UN-ESCAP, Butler Manufacturing (now Bluesteel), the City of Yokohama, and multiple private corporations.

A board-certified security professional, Vonier led research on improving security in embassies and consulates, resulting in landmark recommendations to the US Secretary of State and a new generation of embassy design criteria. He was the international advisor to the Federal Triangle project, which won a Presidential Design Award.

## Writing, public speaking, and broadcast appearances

Vonier has authored many articles on architecture, urban design, and security. He is a skilled public speaker and often appears in media broadcasts. He frequently delivers keynote speeches at professional events.

Following the January 6 2021 attack on the US Capitol, he testified before Congress on potential security enhancements for the building and grounds. He also appeared on a *Newsy* feature story about the incident and its implications.

He was featured in the *Atlantic* CityLab program with New York mayor Michael Bloomberg and Paris mayor Anne Hidalgo. He appeared on the NPR program *All Things Considered*, and the WBUR program *Here and Now* in features on urban security. Vonier appeared on the *CBS Evening News* in a segment on façade preservation in historic neighbourhoods. He gave keynote speeches for *Prague Architecture Week*, for the *London Security Conference,* and for the *World Canals Conference* in Leipzig.

Vonier served for fifteen years as the European correspondent *for Progressive Architecture* magazine, and the industry nominated his "Technics" articles for the Jesse H. Neal Award. Vonier wrote the chapter on contemporary construction systems in the *Building Systems Integration Handbook* published by John Wiley & Sons.

## President of the AIA / American Institute of Architects

Shortly after establishing his office in Paris, France, Vonier founded AIA Continental Europe, chartered in 1994 as an offshore chapter of the American Institute of Architects, with members from Ireland to Russia and from Turkey to Finland. Vonier then established and served as the first president of AIA's International Region, incorporating members in all countries outside the United States. The AIA appointed Vonier to its board of directors in 2010. In 2016, the 95,000-member Institute elected him as its president. At the AIA Conference on Architecture in Orlando, Florida, Vonier interviewed former First Lady Michelle Obama, his invited guest, in front of more than ten thousand people. He also invited Diébédo Francis Kéré and Alejandro Aravena to give presentations on their work.

## President of the UIA / International Union of Architects

During the 2017 UIA World Congress of Architects in Seoul, South Korea, delegates from all over the world elected Vonier to serve as UIA president, a post he held from 2017 to 2021. He had previously served as the UIA Secretary General.

From the UIA's headquarters in Paris, Vonier led in renewing the organisation's work with UNESCO, UN Habitat, and other international heritage and design institutions. Under his leadership, the UIA established the *UNESCO/UIA World Capital of Architecture* programme. With Audrey Azoulay, UNESCO director general, and Georg Pendl, president of the Architects’ Council of Europe, Vonier co-chaired the international conference on design competitions

## Personal life

Vonier maintains residences in France and the United States. An avid cyclist, he followed the Tour de France and wrote about the experience for *The Washington Post.* An amateur musician, he played in a rock group whose other members went on to join Talking Heads (Jerry Harrison), to tour and record for decades with Leonard Cohen (Bob Metzger), and to record and tour with Johnny Winter (Jon Paris). As a college student, Vonier worked during vacations as an assistant floor manager for the *NBC Today* program, handling props and sets for Frank Blair, Frank McGee, and Barbara Walters. He is a motorcyclist, owning a succession of Ducati, BMW, and Honda two-wheelers.

## Honours and awards

Vonier was made an Honorary Member of the Australian Institute of Architects, and an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada. The American Institute of Architects elevated him to the College of Fellows in 2006.

He is an elected member of the Royal Institute of British Architects. The International Academy of Architecture inducted Vonier into its ranks in 2018. The Consortium for Sustainable Urbanism in New York gave Vonier its Champion Award.

With Edward Larrabee Barnes as lead architect, Vonier was part of the team to win a *P/A Design Award* for the College of the Atlantic in Bar Harbour, Maine. He received the *Henry Adams Award for Excellence in Architecture* for graduate research on public museums, funded by the National Science Foundation.

## Recent appearances

Vonier served as an official delegate to the United Nations conferences on climate change—COP 21 (Paris), COP 22 (Marrakesh) and COP 26 (Glasgow)—and as a delegate to UN Habitat III (Quito) and the UN World Urban Forum 9 (Kuala Lumpur).

He delivered the keynote address on "Architecture and Water" to the 2022 World Canals Conference in Leipzig, Germany. He also opened the 2022 Architecture Week in Prague, and made the keynote opening lecture to the *Design Science Conference* of the Tsinghua University School of Architecture in Beijing.

## InfoBox

| Thomas Vonier | |
| --- | --- |
| Vonier at the Prix Versailles ceremony (2019) | |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Washington University in St. Louis<br>University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee |
| Occupation | Architect |


title: Leporipoxvirus

abstract: Leporipoxvirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Poxviridae, in the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae. Lagomorphs and squirrels serve as natural hosts. There are four species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: myxomatosis.

text:
# Leporipoxvirus

***Leporipoxvirus*** is a genus of viruses, in the family *Poxviridae*, in the subfamily *Chordopoxvirinae*. Lagomorphs and squirrels serve as natural hosts. There are four species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: myxomatosis.

## Taxonomy

The genus contains the following species:

## Structure

Viruses in *Leporipoxvirus* are enveloped, with brick-shaped geometries. Genomes are linear, around 160kb in length.

| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Leporipoxvirus* | Brick-shaped |  | Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |

## Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) mediates endocytosis of the virus into the host cell. Fusion with the plasma membrane to release the core into the host cytoplasm. Early phase: early genes are transcribed in the cytoplasm by viral RNA polymerase. Early expression begins at 30 minutes post-infection. Core is completely uncoated as early expression ends, viral genome is now free in the cytoplasm. Intermediate phase: Intermediate genes are expressed, triggering genomic DNA replication at approximately 100 minutes post-infection. Late phase: Late genes are expressed from 140 min to 48 hours post-infection, producing all structural proteins. Assembly of progeny virions starts in cytoplasmic viral factories, producing a spherical immature particle. This virus particle matures into brick-shaped intracellular mature virion (IMV). IMV virion can be released upon cell lysis, or can acquire a second double membrane from trans-Golgi and bud as external enveloped virion (EEV)host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by existing in occlusion bodies after cell death and remaining infectious until finding another host. Lagomorph and squirrels serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are fomite, mechanical, and contact.

| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Leporipoxvirus* | Lagomorph; squirrels | None | Glycosaminoglycans | Lysis; budding | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Arthropods; contact |

## InfoBox

| *Leporipoxvirus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Virus classification | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| *Realm*: | *Varidnaviria* |
| Kingdom: | *Bamfordvirae* |
| Phylum: | *Nucleocytoviricota* |
| Class: | *Pokkesviricetes* |
| Order: | *Chitovirales* |
| Family: | *Poxviridae* |
| Subfamily: | *Chordopoxvirinae* |
| Genus: | ***Leporipoxvirus*** |
|
| Species | |
|  | |


title: Cheryl Valentine

abstract: Cheryl Valentine is a female field hockey midfield player from Scotland. She played over 100 times for the Women's National Team. She played club hockey for Bonagrass Grove, and made her debut for the Women's National Team in 2000. She announced her retirement for international competitions in 2007. Valentine studied at Queen Margaret University College, graduating in 2002 with a BSc (hons) in Physiotherapy and now works as a physiotherapist in Lothian.

text:
# Cheryl Valentine

**Cheryl Valentine** (born 8 April 1980, in Dundee) is a female field hockey midfield player from Scotland. She played over 100 times for the Women's National Team.

She played club hockey for Bonagrass Grove, and made her debut for the Women's National Team in 2000. She announced her retirement for international competitions in 2007.

Valentine studied at Queen Margaret University College, graduating in 2002 with a BSc (hons) in Physiotherapy and now works as a physiotherapist in Lothian.


title: Fighting Norway

abstract: Fighting Norway is a 10-minute 1943 Canadian documentary, part of the wartime Canada Carries On series of short films produced by the National Film Board of Canada. The film was directed by Sydney Newman, one of a number of shorts that were intended for theatrical release.

text:
# Fighting Norway

***Fighting Norway*** is a 10-minute 1943 Canadian documentary, part of the wartime *Canada Carries On* series of short films produced by the National Film Board of Canada. The film was directed by Sydney Newman, one of a number of shorts that were intended for theatrical release.

## Synopsis

The role of the free forces of occupied Norway during the Second World War is documented, especially the role of the Norwegian underground.

Canada offered haven to Norwegian troops at a "Little Norway" Norwegian Army Air Service/Royal Norwegian Air Force training camp in Ontario. The training of Norwegian air crew in Canada, and the relationships formed between servicemen of the two nations is emphasized.

## Cast

## Production

*Fighting Norway* was produced in 1943, with financial backing from the Wartime Information Board. The documentary was created as a propaganda film during the Second World War, emphasizing the cooperation and collaboration of two allied countries.

The narrator was Lorne Greene, known for his work on both radio broadcasts as a news announcer at *CBC* as well as narrating many of the *Canada Carries On* series. His sonorous recitation led to his nickname, "The Voice of Canada", and to some observers, the "voice-of-God". When reading grim battle statistics or, as in *Fighting Norway*, narrating a particularly serious topic, he was "the Voice of Doom". Some of the stock footage used had previously been used in the British documentary *All for Norway* (1942).

## Reception

As part of the *Canada Carries On* series, *Fighting Norway* was produced in 35 mm for the theatrical market. Each film was shown over a six-month period as part of the shorts or newsreel segments in approximately 800 theatres across Canada. The NFB had an arrangement with Famous Players theatres to ensure that Canadians from coast to coast could see the documentary series, with further distribution by Columbia Pictures. After the six-month theatrical tour ended, individual films were made available on 16 mm to schools, libraries, churches and factories, extending the life of these films by another year or two. They were also made available to film libraries operated by university and provincial authorities.

### Notes

### Bibliography

* Bennett, Linda Greene. *My Father's Voice: The Biography of Lorne Greene*. Bloomington, Indiana: iUniverse, Inc., 2004. ISBN 978-0-595-33283-0.
* Ellis, Jack C. and Betsy A. McLane. *New History of Documentary Film*. London: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2005. ISBN 978-1-4411-2457-9.
* Rist, Peter. *Guide to the Cinema(s) of Canada*. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001. ISBN 978-0-3132-9931-5.
* Rowan, Terry. *World War II Goes to the Movies & Television Guide*. Santa Rosa, California: Terry Rowan, 2015. ISBN 978-1-1055-8602-6.

## InfoBox

| Fighting Norway | |
| --- | --- |
| Screenshot: Title frame | |
| Directed by | Sydney Newman |
| Narrated by | Lorne Greene |
| Distributed by | National Film Board of Canada<br>Columbia Pictures |
| Release date | * 1943 (1943) |
| Running time | 10 minutes |
| Country | Canada |
| Language | English |


title: Redcloud Peak

abstract: Redcloud Peak is a mountain peak of over fourteen thousand feet in the U.S. state of Colorado. It is located in the San Juan Mountains in Hinsdale County approximately 7 miles (11 km) south west of Lake City.

text:
# Redcloud Peak

**Redcloud Peak** is a mountain peak of over fourteen thousand feet in the U.S. state of Colorado. It is located in the San Juan Mountains in Hinsdale County approximately 7 miles (11 km) south west of Lake City.

## Historical names

* Red Mountain
* **Redcloud Peak** – 1906

## InfoBox

| Redcloud Peak | |
| --- | --- |
| The hiking trail to the peak's summit. | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 14,041 ft (4,280 m) |
| Prominence | 1,436 ft (438 m) |
| Isolation | 4.91 mi (7.90 km) |
| Listing | Colorado Fourteener 46th |
| Coordinates | 37°56′27″N 107°25′19″W / 37.9408302°N 107.4220017°W / 37.9408302; -107.4220017 |
| Geography | |
| Redcloud Peak**Colorado** | |
| Location | Hinsdale County, Colorado, U.S. |
| Parent range | San Juan Mountains |
| Topo map | USGS 7.5' topographic map<br>Redcloud Peak, Colorado |
| Climbing | |
| First ascent | 1874 J. C. Spiller |
| Easiest route | Northeast Ridge: Hike, class 2 |


title: Shubhanshu Vijay

abstract: Shubhanshu Vijay is an Indian first-class cricketer who represented Rajasthan. He made his first-class debut for Rajasthan in the 2006-07 Ranji Trophy on 10 January 2007.

text:
# Shubhanshu Vijay

**Shubhanshu Vijay** (born 19 December 1986) is an Indian first-class cricketer who represented Rajasthan. He made his first-class debut for Rajasthan in the 2006-07 Ranji Trophy on 10 January 2007.

## InfoBox

Shubhanshu Vijay
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Shubhanshu Vijay |
| Born | (1983-10-19) 19 October 1983<br>baran, India |
| Batting | Right-hand bat |
| Source: ESPNcricinfo, 30 November 2016 | |