title: Thaïs (opera)

abstract: Thaïs is an opera, a comédie lyrique in three acts and seven tableaux, by Jules Massenet to a French libretto by Louis Gallet, based on the novel Thaïs by Anatole France. It was first performed at the Opéra Garnier in Paris on 16 March 1894, starring the American soprano Sibyl Sanderson, for whom Massenet had written the title role. The original production was directed by Alexandre Lapissida, with costumes designed by Charles Bianchini and sets by Marcel Jambon and Eugène Carpezat. The opera was later revised by the composer and was premiered at the same opera house on 13 April 1898. The work was first performed in Italy at the Teatro Lirico Internazionale in Milan on 17 October 1903 with Lina Cavalieri in the title role and Francesco Maria Bonini as Athanaël. In 1907, the role served as Mary Garden's American debut in New York in the U.S. premiere performance. Thaïs takes place in Egypt under the rule of the Roman Empire, where a Cenobite monk, Athanaël, attempts to convert Thaïs, an Alexandrian courtesan and devotee of Venus, to Christianity, but discovers too late that his obsession with her is rooted in lust; while the courtesan's true purity of heart is revealed, so is the religious man's baser nature. The work is often described as bearing a sort of religious eroticism, and has had many controversial productions. Its famous Méditation, the entr'acte for violin and orchestra played between the scenes of act 2, is an oft-performed concert music piece; it has been arranged for many different instruments. The role of Thaïs, similar to another Massenet heroine also written for Sibyl Sanderson, Esclarmonde, is notoriously difficult to sing and is reserved for only the most gifted of performers. Modern interpreters have included Carol Neblett, Anna Moffo, Beverly Sills, Leontyne Price, Renée Fleming, and Elizabeth Futral. Géori Boué was the first to record the opera, in 1952.

text:
# Thaïs (opera)

***Thaïs*** (French pronunciation: \[ta.is\]) is an opera, a *comédie lyrique* in three acts and seven tableaux, by Jules Massenet to a French libretto by Louis Gallet, based on the novel *Thaïs* by Anatole France. It was first performed at the Opéra Garnier in Paris on 16 March 1894, starring the American soprano Sibyl Sanderson, for whom Massenet had written the title role. The original production was directed by Alexandre Lapissida, with costumes designed by Charles Bianchini and sets by Marcel Jambon (act 1, scene 1; act 3) and Eugène Carpezat (act 1, scene 2; act 2). The opera was later revised by the composer and was premiered at the same opera house on 13 April 1898.

The work was first performed in Italy at the Teatro Lirico Internazionale in Milan on 17 October 1903 with Lina Cavalieri in the title role and Francesco Maria Bonini as Athanaël. In 1907, the role served as Mary Garden's American debut in New York in the U.S. premiere performance.

*Thaïs* takes place in Egypt under the rule of the Roman Empire, where a Cenobite monk, Athanaël, attempts to convert Thaïs, an Alexandrian courtesan and devotee of Venus, to Christianity, but discovers too late that his obsession with her is rooted in lust; while the courtesan's true purity of heart is revealed, so is the religious man's baser nature. The work is often described as bearing a sort of religious eroticism, and has had many controversial productions. Its famous Méditation, the *entr'acte* for violin and orchestra played between the scenes of act 2, is an oft-performed concert music piece; it has been arranged for many different instruments.

The role of Thaïs, similar to another Massenet heroine also written for Sibyl Sanderson, *Esclarmonde*, is notoriously difficult to sing and is reserved for only the most gifted of performers. Modern interpreters have included Carol Neblett, Anna Moffo, Beverly Sills, Leontyne Price, Renée Fleming, and Elizabeth Futral. Géori Boué was the first to record the opera, in 1952.

## Differences between two versions

In the 1894 version the end of act 1, the supposed striptease of Thaïs (which caused a great scandal on the first night due to a mishap with Sibyl Sanderson's costume) is a long symphonic interlude "L'amours d'Aphrodite" that leads without a break into act 2 and the scene with the mirror aria "Dis-moi que je suis belle". In the first edition vocal score, this is 18 pages – 196 bars – almost a fifth of the entire first act. There is a strangely experimental middle section, that is in an amorphous 5/4 time signature (unusual for Massenet) with a sultry whole-tone feel. In 1898 this was cut, though the climax is retained in part as the peroration for act 1 – a mere 17 bars.

In Thaïs's famous Mirror Aria at the opening of act 2 there are some text changes, though this does not affect the music.

In the 1898 revision, there is an extended ballet sequence in act 2 for Nicias' followers, including the little vocal intermezzo for La charmeuse. This replaced the 1894 ballet in the last act. The 1898 ballet is entirely new music.

The most comprehensive revisions concern the final act, act 3. In 1894, there is no scene at the Oasis, the act opens with the monks in the Thébaïde. When Athanaël falls asleep there is an extended ballet sequence "Les Sept esprits de la Tentation" – which is modeled on Flaubert's epic poem *La tentation de Saint Antoine*. In it Athanaël is tormented by spirit voices, La perdition, L'étoile de la rédemption (star of redemption), Les sphinges (Sphinxes), Âmes perdues (lost souls) and Esprits de L'abîme (spirits of the abyss) culminating in an orgiastic black sabbath.

This was cut. The first scene becomes scene 2. The new scene 1 (the Oasis scene) shows Athanaël delivering Thaïs to Mère Albine and *les filles blanches*, and leaving her.

1894: In the final scene, after the famous final duet "Te souvient-il du lumineux voyage" there is extra music and text. Voices from heaven curse Athanaël, Mère Albine and the nuns cry out *Un vampire* and run away (as in the final chapter of the Anatole France novel) and the opera concludes with voices of angels calling *Pitié* and a soft reminiscence of the famous Méditation. In 1898, this is all cut and reduced to Athanaël's single cry of *Pitié* and a brief three bar coda.

|  |  | Original version (1894) | Revised version (1898) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Act 1 | Scene 1 | The Thébaïde | The Thébaïde |
| | Scene 2 | Alexandria – followed by a poéme symphonique 'L'amours d'Aphrodite' that segues into act 2 without a break | Alexandria |
| Act 2 | Scene 1 | At the House of Thaïs | At the House of Thaïs |
| | Scene 2 | Before the House of Thaïs | Before the House of Thaïs
(Ballet: Nos. 1–7) |
| Act 3 | Scene 1 | The Thébaïde | The Oasis |
| | Scene 2 | **La Tentation** | The Thébaïde (formerly scene 1) |
| | Scene 3 | The Death of Thaïs | The Death of Thaïs |

## Roles

Roles, voice types, premiere cast
| Role | Voice type | Premiere cast, 16 March 1894
Conductor: Paul Taffanel |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Thaïs, *a courtesan* | soprano | Sibyl Sanderson |
| Athanaël, *a Cenobite monk* | baritone | Jean-François Delmas |
| Nicias, *a nobleman* | tenor | Albert Alvarez |
| Crobyle, *servant of Nicias* | soprano | Jeanne Marcy |
| Myrtale, *servant of Nicias* | mezzo-soprano | Meyrianne Héglon |
| Palémon, *leader of the Cenobites* | bass | François Delpouget |
| Albine, *an abbess* | mezzo-soprano | Laure Beauvais |
| A servant | bass | Euzet |
| *Cenobites, Nuns, Citizens of Alexandria, Nicias's friends.* | | |

## Synopsis

### Act 1

**Scene 1**

A group of Cenobite monks go about their daily business. Athanaël, the most rigorous ascetic of them all, enters and confesses to the senior monk, Palémon, that he has lately been disturbed by visions of a courtesan and priestess of Venus named Thaïs, whom he had seen many years ago in his native city of Alexandria. Believing these visions to be a sign from God, he resolves, against Palémon's advice, to return to Alexandria, convert Thaïs to Christianity, and persuade her to enter a convent.

**Scene 2**

Athanaël arrives in Alexandria and visits his old friend Nicias, a wealthy voluptuary. Nicias welcomes him with open arms and reveals himself to be Thaïs's current lover. Upon hearing Athanaël's plan, he laughs and warns him that the revenge of Venus can be terrible. Nevertheless, he procures clothing for his friend in preparation for a feast that evening at which Thaïs will appear. His slaves, Crobyle and Myrtale, dress Athanaël and mock his prudery.

The feast begins. Thaïs arrives and sings a bittersweet love duet with Nicias: this is their last night together. She then asks him about Athanaël, who overhears her and tells her that he has come to teach her "contempt for the flesh and love of pain." Not tempted by this proposition, she offends his sense of propriety with a seductive song. He leaves, angrily promising to come back later, while she taunts him with a parting shot: "Dare to come, you who defy Venus!" and begins to disrobe as the curtain falls.

### Act 2

**Scene 1**

Exhausted after the feast, Thaïs expresses dissatisfaction with her empty life and muses on the fact that one day, old age will destroy her beauty. Athanaël enters at this vulnerable moment, praying to God to conceal her beauty from him. He tells her that he loves her according to the spirit rather than the flesh, and that his love will last forever instead of a single night. Intrigued, she asks him to teach her the ways of this love. He nearly succumbs to her physical charm, but succeeds in explaining to her that if she converts, she will gain eternal life. She nearly succumbs to his eloquence, but then reasserts her nihilistic worldview and drives him away. However, after a long meditation she changes her mind.

**Scene 2**

Thaïs has joined Athanaël and resolved to follow him into the desert. He orders her to burn down her house and possessions in order to destroy all traces of her wicked past. She agrees, but asks if she can keep a statuette of Eros, the god of love, explaining to Athanaël that she sinned against love rather than through it. When he hears that Nicias gave it to her, however, Athanaël demands that she destroy it. Nicias appears with a group of revelers, who see Athanaël taking Thaïs away. Furious, they begin to stone him. Although Nicias is astonished at Thaïs' decision to leave, he respects it and throws handfuls of money to distract the crowd. Thaïs and Athanaël escape.

### Act 3

**Scene 1**

Thaïs and Athanaël travel on foot through the desert. Thaïs is exhausted, but Athanaël forces her to keep going and thus do penance for her sins. They reach a spring, where Athanaël begins to feel pity rather than disgust for her, and they share a few moments of idyllic, platonic companionship as they rest. Shortly afterwards, they reach the convent where Thaïs is to stay. Placing her in the care of Mother Superior Albine, Athanaël realizes that he has accomplished his mission – and that he will never see her again.

**Scene 2**

The Cenobite monks express anxiety over Athanaël's asocial and morose behavior since his return from Alexandria. Athanaël enters and confesses to Palémon that he has begun to experience sexual longing for Thaïs. Palémon castigates him for having attempted to convert her in the first place. Athanaël falls into a depressed sleep and has an erotic vision of Thaïs. He tries to seize her, but she laughingly evades him. Then, a second vision tells him that Thaïs is dying.

**Scene 3**

Feeling that existence is worth nothing without her, he repudiates all his vows and rushes off to find her. He reaches the convent and finds her on her deathbed. He tells her that all he taught her was a lie, that "nothing is true but life and the love of human beings", and that he loves her. Blissfully unaware, she describes the heavens opening and the angels welcoming her into their midst. She dies, and Athanaël collapses in despair.

## Noted arias

* "Voilà donc la terrible cité" (Athanaël) – act 1
* "Dis-moi que je suis belle" (Thaïs) – act 2
* "C'est toi, mon père" (Thaïs, Athanaël) – act 3

## Recordings

These are all of the revised, definitive 1898 version. There are no recordings of the original 1894 version. However there are two recordings of the *Thaïs* ballet music which are of the original ballet music *La tentation*, though the recordings, confusingly, do not specify this.

**Notes**

**Sources**

* Boyden, Matthew; Kimberley, Nick; Staines, Joe (2002). *The Rough Guide to Opera*. New York: Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-85828-749-2.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Thaïs | |
| --- | --- |
| *comédie lyrique* by Jules Massenet | |
| Original poster, design by Manuel Orazi | |
| Librettist | Louis Gallet |
| Language | French |
| Based on | novel *Thaïs*
by Anatole France |
| Premiere | 16 March 1894 (1894-03-16)
Opéra Garnier, Paris |


title: Paulipalpus

abstract: Paulipalpus is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

text:
# Paulipalpus

***Paulipalpus*** is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

## Distribution

Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Paulipalpus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tachinidae |
| Subfamily: | Dexiinae |
| Tribe: | Dexiini |
| Genus: | *Paulipalpus*
Barraclough, 1992 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Paulipalpus zentae*
Barraclough, 1992 | |


title: Road slipperiness

abstract: Road slipperiness is a condition of low skid resistance due to insufficient road friction. It is a result of snow, ice, water, loose material and the texture of the road surface on the traction produced by the wheels of a vehicle. Road slipperiness can be measured either in terms of the friction between a freely-spinning wheel and the ground, or the braking distance of a braking vehicle, and is related to the coefficient of friction between the tyre and the road surface. Public works agencies spend a sizeable portion of their budget measuring and reducing road slipperiness. Even a small increase in slipperiness of a section of road can increase the accident rate of the section of road tenfold. Maintenance activities affecting slipperiness include drainage repair, snow removal and street sweeping. More intensive measures may include grinding or milling a surface that has worn smooth, a surface treatment such as a chipseal, or overlaying a new layer of asphalt. A specific road safety problem is split friction or μ (mu) - split; when the friction significantly differs between the left and the right wheelpath. The road may then not be perceived as hazardous when accelerating, cruising or even braking softly, but in a case of hard braking, the difference in friction will cause the vehicle to start to rotate towards the side offering higher grip. Split friction may cause jack-knifing of articulated trucks, while trucks with towed trailers may experience trailer swing phenomena. Split friction may be caused by an improper road spot repair that results in high variance of texture (roads) and colour across the road section.

text:
# Road slipperiness

**Road slipperiness** is a condition of low skid resistance due to insufficient road friction. It is a result of snow, ice, water, loose material and the texture of the road surface on the traction produced by the wheels of a vehicle.

Road slipperiness can be measured either in terms of the friction between a freely-spinning wheel and the ground, or the braking distance of a braking vehicle, and is related to the coefficient of friction between the tyre and the road surface.

Public works agencies spend a sizeable portion of their budget measuring and reducing road slipperiness. Even a small increase in slipperiness of a section of road can increase the accident rate of the section of road tenfold. Maintenance activities affecting slipperiness include drainage repair, snow removal and street sweeping. More intensive measures may include grinding or milling a surface that has worn smooth, a surface treatment such as a chipseal, or overlaying a new layer of asphalt.

A specific road safety problem is split friction or μ (mu) - split; when the friction significantly differs between the left and the right wheelpath. The road may then not be perceived as hazardous when accelerating, cruising or even braking softly, but in a case of hard braking, the difference in friction will cause the vehicle to start to rotate towards the side offering higher grip. Split friction may cause jack-knifing of articulated trucks, while trucks with towed trailers may experience trailer swing phenomena. Split friction may be caused by an improper road spot repair that results in high variance of texture (roads) and colour (thin ice on newly paved black spots thaws faster than ice on old greyish asphalt) across the road section.

## Measurement

The two ways to measure road slipperiness are surface friction testing and stopping distance testing. Friction testing can use surface friction testers or portable friction testers, and involves allowing a freely moving object, usually a wheel, to move against the surface. By measuring the resistance experienced by the wheel, the friction between the ground and the wheel can be found.

Stopping distance testing involves performing an emergency stop in a test vehicle and measuring the distance required to come to a stop. This can be measured either from the length of the skid marks left by the vehicle, or by the "chalk-to-gun" method, where the brakes are connected to a small gun filled with chalk powder, which marks the point when the brakes were applied. This has the advantage of measuring the full stopping distance, while simply measuring the skid marks only measures the distance from the point where the wheels began to lock or slip.

Measurement of skidding resistance is not yet universally harmononised despite a number of attempts such as FEHRL's HERMES project. The European Standards Organisation (CEN)has been working on the topic for many years through its committee CEN/TC 227 - Road materials. Contributions to this were made through the FP7 Tyrosafe project which aims to raise awareness, to coordinate and prepare for European harmonisation and to optimise the assessment and management of essential tyre/road interaction parameters in order to increase safety and support greening of road transport. This project will provide a synopsis of the current state of scientific understanding and its current application in different standards. It will identify the needs for future research and propose a way forward in the context of the future objectives of road administrations in order to optimise three key properties of roads: skid resistance, rolling resistance and tyre/road noise emission.

## Reduction

Road slipperiness can contribute to car accidents. In 1997, over 53,000 accidents were caused by slippery roads in the United Kingdom out of an estimated 4,000,000 accidents (or approximately 1.3 per cent) . A small change in road slipperiness can have a drastic effect on surface friction: decreasing the coefficient of friction from 0.45 to 0.35, equivalent to adding a dusting of wet snow, increased the accident rate by almost 1000%. As such, road agencies have a number of approaches to decreasing road slipperiness. Most roads are designed with a convex camber to provide sufficient drainage, thereby allowing surface water to drain out of the road. Trouble sections include entrances and exits of banked outercurves, where the cross slope is close to zero. Unless these sections have a longitudinal grade of at least 0.4–0.5%, the drainage gradient (resultant to crossfall and longitudinal grade) will be lower than 0.5% so water will not run off the road surface. Storm drains may be installed at regular intervals and modern paving materials are designed to provide high friction in most conditions. Permeable paving allows water to soak through the paving material, reducing slipperiness in very adverse conditions.

Road slipperiness can be prevented or delayed by proper pavement design. The aggregate used in the pavement should be selected with care, as certain aggregates such as dolomite may *polish*, or wear smooth under the action of tires. With asphalt pavements and surface treatments, using too much asphalt or asphalt emulsion can cause bleeding or *flushing*, a condition where excess asphalt rises to the top and fills in the road texture. Both problems increase slipperiness, especially when the pavement is wet.

Once lost, pavement texture can be restored with retexturing procedures such as diamond grinding of pavement, surface treatments such as chipsealing and resurfacing with asphalt concrete.

Snow and ice removal also decreases road slipperiness; snowploughs and snow blowers can remove the snow from the road surface while gritters drop road salt and sand, which both melts the snow and ice from the road surface, and provide a rougher surface to grip onto. However, in dry conditions, sand and salt on the road surface can themselves increase road slipperiness and pose a danger to road traffic, and therefore, roads are cleared by street sweepers after roadworks and gritting to make sure that all the loose material is cleared from the road surface.

"Volume 7" of the UK Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB), specifically HD 37/99: Section 5: Part 2: Chapter 11.

```
TRL Report 298 : Mechanical retexturing of roads : A study of processes and early-life performance.
TRL Report 299 : Mechanical retexturing of roads : An experiment to assess durability
```


title: KQDR

abstract: KQDR is a radio station licensed to serve Savoy, Texas, United States. The station is owned by Prophecy Radio Group, LLC. KQDR broadcasts a contemporary hits music format to the Sherman-Denison metropolitan area. The station was assigned the call sign KQDR by the Federal Communications Commission on July 26, 2007. On September 1, 2012 KQDR changed their format from adult hits to contemporary hits, branded as "Hot 107.3".

text:
# KQDR

**KQDR** (107.3 FM, "Hot 107.3 FM") is a radio station licensed to serve Savoy, Texas, United States. The station is owned by Prophecy Radio Group, LLC.

KQDR broadcasts a contemporary hits music format to the Sherman-Denison metropolitan area.

The station was assigned the call sign KQDR by the Federal Communications Commission on July 26, 2007.

On September 1, 2012 KQDR changed their format from adult hits (as "Doc FM") to contemporary hits, branded as "Hot 107.3".

## InfoBox

KQDR
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Sherman-Denison, Texas |
| Frequency | 107.3 MHz |
| Branding | *Hot 107.3* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Top 40/CHR |
| Affiliations | Compass Media Networks<br>Premiere Networks |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Prophecy Radio Group, LLC |
| History | |
| First air date | 2008 |
| Call sign meaning | **K Q** **D**octo**R** (previous format) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 170996 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 3,700 watts |
| HAAT | 128.4 meters (534 feet) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 33°42′31″N 96°24′09″W / 33.70861°N 96.40250°W / 33.70861; -96.40250 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live |
| Website | hot1073fm.com |


title: Ritsuko Hiroto

abstract: Ritsuko Hiroto is a former Japanese cricketer who played four Women's One Day International cricket matches for Japan national women's cricket team in 2003.

text:
# Ritsuko Hiroto

**Ritsuko Hiroto** (born 26 July 1981) is a former Japanese cricketer who played four Women's One Day International cricket matches for Japan national women's cricket team in 2003.

## InfoBox

Ritsuko Hiroto
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Ritsuko Hiroto |
| Born | (1981-07-26) 26 July 1981<br>Japan |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm medium-fast |
| International information | |
| National side |  |
| ODI debut (cap ) | 21 July 2003 v Pakistan |
| Last ODI | 26 July 2003 v West Indies |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition WODI  Matches 4  Runs scored 0  Batting average 0.00  100s/50s 0/0  Top score 0  Balls bowled 144  Wickets 1  Bowling average 143.00  5 wickets in innings 0  10 wickets in match 0  Best bowling 1/43  Catches/stumpings 1/– | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 25 September 2011 | |


title: KDVV

abstract: KDVV is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Topeka, Kansas. It is owned by Cumulus Media. It airs a classic rock radio format that leans toward harder-edged songs from the 1960s, 70s and 80s. It carries the nationally syndicated Bob & Tom Show in morning drive time. KDVV has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts, the maximum for most FM stations. The transmitter tower is on SW Davis Road in Dover. The radio studios are on South Kansas Avenue in Topeka.

text:
# KDVV

**KDVV** (100.3 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Topeka, Kansas. It is owned by Cumulus Media. It airs a classic rock radio format that leans toward harder-edged songs from the 1960s, 70s and 80s. It carries the nationally syndicated *Bob & Tom Show* in morning drive time.

KDVV has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts, the maximum for most FM stations. The transmitter tower is on SW Davis Road in Dover. The radio studios are on South Kansas Avenue in Topeka.

## History

The station signed on the air on May 29, 1960. Its original call sign was KTOP-FM, and was the sister station to KTOP (1490 AM). (The KTOP-FM call letters are now found on a co-owned station at 102.9 MHz in St. Marys.) At first, KTOP-AM-FM simulcast and were network affiliates of the Mutual Broadcasting System. In 1964, KTOP-AM-FM were acquired by Harris Enterprises.

By the 1970s, KTOP-FM had a separate format from 1490 AM. While KTOP (AM) was a Top 40 station in the 1960s and 70s, KTOP-FM aired an automated country music format. In 1976, the two stations flipped, with KTOP-FM becoming the Top 40 station, playing contemporary hits in FM stereo. During this time, KTOP-FM switched its call letters to KDVV. The Top 40 format continued throughout the 1980s and into the early 1990s.

The station has aired various forms of album rock music since the 1990s, at times leaning heavily on classic rock and at other times playing more new music. In 2014, KDVV became the Topeka affiliate of the *Bob & Tom Show*. KDVV serves now as the de facto active rock station for Topeka, Junction City, and Manhattan since the nearest active rock station provides only rimshot coverage.

## InfoBox

KDVV
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Topeka metropolitan area |
| Frequency | 100.3 MHz |
| Branding | *V100* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Classic rock |
| Affiliations | United Stations Radio Networks<br>Westwood One |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | KMAJ, KMAJ-FM, KTOP, KTOP-FM, KWIC |
| History | |
| First air date | May 29, 1960 (1960-05-29) (as KTOP-FM) |
| Former call signs | KTOP-FM (1960–1976) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 62237 |
| Class | C |
| ERP | 100,000 watts |
| HAAT | 300 meters (980 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 38°57′15″N 95°54′43″W / 38.95417°N 95.91194°W / 38.95417; -95.91194 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | v100rocks.com |


title: KDVW-LP

abstract: KDVW-LP is a low-power FM radio station licensed to Montrose, Colorado, United States. The station is currently owned by Calvary Chapel of Montrose.

text:
# KDVW-LP

**KDVW-LP** (100.9 FM) is a low-power FM radio station licensed to Montrose, Colorado, United States. The station is currently owned by Calvary Chapel of Montrose.

## InfoBox

KDVW-LP
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 100.9 MHz |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Calvary Chapel of Montrose |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 132045 |
| Class | L1 |
| ERP | 100 watts |
| HAAT | −25.2 meters (−83 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 38°28′8″N 107°53′5″W / 38.46889°N 107.88472°W / 38.46889; -107.88472 |
| Links | |
| Public license information | LMS |
| Website | kdvwonline.com |


title: Flower of the Year Campaign in Germany

abstract: In 1979, Loki Schmidt (1919–2010), the spouse of former German Federal chancellor Helmut Schmidt, founded the Stiftung zum Schutze gefährdeter Pflanzen which became the Stiftung Naturschutz Hamburg und Stiftung zum Schutze gefährdeter Pflanzen in 1985. One of the main purposes of this organisation is a public awareness campaign about the ecological value of wildflowers. This campaign which celebrate a wildflower of the year was established in 1980. The announcement for the flower of the year is often published in October and events to protect the critically endangered, endangered or vulnerable wildflowers are organised. In 2003, Schmidt published a book about this campaign with watercolour illustrations of the plants by herself and a foreword titled "With Loki's eyes" written by Siegfried Lenz.

text:
# Flower of the Year Campaign in Germany

In 1979, Loki Schmidt (1919–2010), the spouse of former German Federal chancellor Helmut Schmidt, founded the **Stiftung zum Schutze gefährdeter Pflanzen** ("Foundation for the protection of endangered plants") which became the **Stiftung Naturschutz Hamburg und Stiftung zum Schutze gefährdeter Pflanzen** ("Foundation Nature Conservancy Hamburg and for the protection of endangered plants") in 1985. One of the main purposes of this organisation is a public awareness campaign about the ecological value of wildflowers. This campaign which celebrate a wildflower of the year was established in 1980. The announcement for the flower of the year is often published in October and events to protect the critically endangered, endangered or vulnerable wildflowers are organised. In 2003, Schmidt published a book about this campaign with watercolour illustrations of the plants by herself and a foreword titled "With Loki's eyes" written by Siegfried Lenz.

## List of wildflowers announced as Flower of the Year in Germany

| Year | Scientific name | English name | German name | Image |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1980 | *Gentiana pneumonanthe* | Marsh gentian | *Lungen-Enzian* |  |
| 1981 | *Narcissus pseudonarcissus* | Wild daffodil | *Gelbe Narzisse* |  |
| 1982 | *Cephalanthera rubra* | Red helleborine | *Rotes Waldvögelein* |  |
| 1983 | *Tulipa sylvestris* | Wild tulip | *Wildtulpe* |  |
| 1984 | *Adonis aestivalis* | Summer pheasant's-eye | *Sommer-Adonisröschen* |  |
| 1985 | *Aquilegia vulgaris* | Common columbine | *Wald-Akelei* |  |
| 1986 | *Arnica montana* | Mountain arnica | *Arnika* |  |
| 1987 | *Eryngium maritimum* | Sea holly | *Stranddistel* |  |
| 1988 | *Calla palustris* | Bog arum | *Sumpf-Calla, Drachenwurz* |  |
| 1989 | *Dianthus carthusianorum* | Carthusian pink | *Karthäuser-Nelke* |  |
| 1990 | *Jasione montana* | Sheep's bit scabious | *Sandknöpfchen* |  |
| 1991 | *Andromeda polifolia* | Bog-rosemary | *Rosmarinheide* |  |
| 1992 | *Drosera rotundifolia* | Common sundew | *Rundblättriger Sonnentau* |  |
| 1993 | *Fritillaria meleagris* | Snake's-head fritillary | *Schachbrettblume* |  |
| 1994 | *Dactylorhiza majalis* | Western marsh orchid | *Breitblättriges Knabenkraut* |  |
| 1995 | *Trollius europaeus* | Globe-flower | *Trollblume* |  |
| 1996 | *Pulsatilla vulgaris* | Pasque-flower | *Echte Küchenschelle, Kuhschelle* |  |
| 1997 | *Carlina acaulis* | Stemless carline thistle | *Silberdistel* |  |
| 1998 | *Stratiotes aloides* | Water soldier | *Krebsschere, Wasseraloe* |  |
| 1999 | *Caltha palustris* | Marsh marigold | *Sumpfdotterblume* |  |
| 2000 | *Lithospermum purpurocaeruleum* | Purple gromwell | *Purpurblauer Steinsame* |  |
| 2001 | *Geranium sanguineum* | Bloody cranesbill | *Blutroter Storchschnabel* |  |
| 2002 | *Viola riviniana* | Common dog-violet | *Hain-Veilchen* |  |
| 2003 | *Agrostemma githago* | Common corncockle | *Kornrade* |  |
| 2004 | *Soldanella alpina* | Alpine snowbell | *Alpenglöckchen* |  |
| 2005 | *Rhinanthus angustifolius* | Greater yellow-rattle | *Großer Klappertopf* |  |
| 2006 | *Cardamine pratensis* | Cuckoo flower | *Wiesen-Schaumkraut* |  |
| 2007 | *Geum rivale* | Water avens | *Bach-Nelkenwurz* |  |
| 2008 | *Carduus nutans* | Nodding thistle | *Nickende Distel* |  |
| 2009 | *Cichorium intybus* | Common chicory | *Wegwarte* |  |
| 2010 | *Iris sibirica* | Siberian iris | *Sibirische Schwertlilie* |  |
| 2011 | *Narthecium ossifragum* | Bog asphodel | *Moorlilie* |  |
| 2012 | *Dianthus deltoides* | Maiden pink | *Heidenelke* |  |
| 2013 | *Anemone hepatica* | Common hepatica | *Leberblümchen* |  |
| 2014 | *Butomus umbellatus* | Flowering rush | *Schwanenblume* |  |
| 2015 | *Succisa pratensis* | Devil's-bit | *Gewöhnlicher Teufelsabbiss* |  |
| 2016 | *Primula veris* | Cowslip | *Echte Schlüsselblume* |  |
| 2017 | *Papaver rhoeas* | Common poppy | *Klatschmohn* |  |
| 2018 | *Veronica longifolia* | Garden speedwell | *Langblättriger Ehrenpreis* |  |
| 2019 | *Calluna vulgaris* | Common Heather | *Besenheide* |  |
| 2020 | *Menyanthes trifoliata* | Bogbean | *Fieberklee* |  |
| 2021 | *Sanguisorba officinalis* | Great burnet | *Großer Wiesenknopf* |  |

* Loki Schmidt (2003). *Die Blumen des Jahres* \[*The Flowers of the Year*\] (in German). Hamburg: Hoffmann und Campe. ISBN 978-3-455-09395-7.
* "Blume des Jahres" \[Flower of the Year\] (in German). Stiftung Naturschutz Hamburg und Stiftung Loki Schmidt. Archived from the original on October 28, 2011. Retrieved October 21, 2011.


title: 1978 in association football

abstract: The following are the association football events of the year 1978 throughout the world.

text:
# 1978 in association football

The following are the **association football** events of the year **1978** throughout the world.

## Events

## Winners club national championship

### Africa

### Asia

### Europe

### North America

### Oceania

### South America

## International tournaments

England

## Births

### January

### February

### March

### April

### May

### June

### July

### August

### September

### October

### November

### December

## Deaths

### January

### May

### June

### July

### August

### September

### November

### December


title: KSMM-FM

abstract: KSMM-FM is a radio station licensed to serve the community of Liberal, Kansas, United States. The station is owned by Rocking M Media, LLC. It airs a Regional Mexican music format. The station was assigned the call sign KSLS by the Federal Communications Commission on April 10, 1978. In the 1980s, under that call sign, it was part of the "LS Network" of Kansas radio entrepreneur Larry Steckline. The station changed its call sign to KSMM-FM on February 15, 2008.

text:
# KSMM-FM

**KSMM-FM** (101.5 MHz) is a radio station licensed to serve the community of Liberal, Kansas, United States. The station is owned by Rocking M Media, LLC. It airs a Regional Mexican music format.

The station was assigned the call sign **KSLS** by the Federal Communications Commission on April 10, 1978. In the 1980s, under that call sign, it was part of the "LS Network" of Kansas radio entrepreneur Larry Steckline. The station changed its call sign to KSMM-FM on February 15, 2008.

## InfoBox

KSMM-FM
| Simulcast with KZRD Dodge City | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Frequency | 101.5 MHz |
| Branding | *La Mexicana 101.5 y 93.9* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Regional Mexican |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Rocking M Media, LLC |
| History | |
| First air date | July 1978 (as KSLS) |
| Former call signs | KSLS (1978–2008) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 37120 |
| Class | C1 |
| ERP | 100,000 watts |
| HAAT | 165 meters |
| Transmitter coordinates | 37°03′20″N 100°48′40″W / 37.05556°N 100.81111°W / 37.05556; -100.81111 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | La Mexicana |
| Website | La Mexicana Online |


title: Robbie Buck

abstract: Robert Buck known as Robbie Buck is an Australian radio announcer.

text:
# Robbie Buck

**Robert Buck** known as **Robbie Buck** is an Australian radio announcer.

## Career

Robbie's radio experience began in his home town of Lismore where he took up a late night shift on the local radio station. Once he moved to Sydney he began doing graveyard shifts on community station 2SER, and eventually became a full-time employee for the station. Following this, he spent time at SBS radio and TV as a sound producer. During his time at SBS, he co-hosted *Alchemy* which was a late night TV program focused on the electronic music scene.

In 2003, he took on the role of a new show at the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Triple J, *Home and Hosed*, the successor to Richard Kingsmill's *Australian Music Show*. The new program aired every weeknight from 9 pm for two hours, replacing the single three-hour timeslot that Kingsmill's show had taken. The show cemented the station's tradition of being a strong supporter of Australian music at a time when the station was going through turmoil in management changes.

In 2006, Caroline Tran took the reins of *Home and Hosed*, and Robbie started a new program *Top Shelf Radio*, airing in the afternoon drive timeslot from 3  5:30 pm. He remained the host of the program until the end of the 2007 ratings period, to make way for *Dools and Linda* in 2008, hosted by Scott Dooley and Linda Marigliano. Robbie subsequently joined Lindsay McDougall and Marieke Hardy to host the new breakfast show, *Robbie, Marieke and The Doctor*. During his time at Triple J, Robbie also hosted the Lunch and Weekend Lunch shows, and has appeared on ABC TV programs including *Mondo Thingo* hosted by Amanda Keller.

In September 2009, Robbie announced that he would be leaving Triple J to host the Evenings program on 702 ABC Sydney, 1233 ABC Newcastle, 666 ABC Canberra and ABC Local Radio stations across New South Wales. In 2012 he was replaced by Dominic Knight and moved on to host *The Inside Sleeve* on Radio National until the end of the 2013 ratings year. Buck returned to 702 ABC Sydney in 2014 when he replaced Adam Spencer as host of Breakfast 5:30  8 am weekdays. On 1 October 2021, Robbie announced via ABC news that he was leaving his ABC Radio Sydney breakfast show that he co-hosted with Wendy Harmer for three years, stating they had decided to "go out on a high".

## InfoBox

| Robbie Buck | |
| --- | --- |
| Robbie in the Triple J studio | |
| Born | (1972-03-24) March 24, 1972<br>Lismore, New South Wales, Australia |
| Occupation(s) | Radio host, National Buck Ambassador |


title: Robbie Brown

abstract: Robbie Brown is a Northern Irish former professional ice hockey forward. He played in the Elite Ice Hockey League for his hometown Belfast Giants during the 2009–10 season and the 2013–14 season. He last played for the Streatham Redskins in the National Ice Hockey League who he joined towards the end of the 2014–15 season. Brown had re-signed with the Redskins for the 2015–16 season on the 22nd of June 2016, but two months later they announced that he had opted to remain in Belfast for a career outside of hockey which ultimately ended his playing career.

text:
# Robbie Brown

**Robbie Brown** (born 30 November 1990) is a Northern Irish former professional ice hockey forward. He played in the Elite Ice Hockey League for his hometown Belfast Giants during the 2009–10 season and the 2013–14 season. He last played for the Streatham Redskins in the National Ice Hockey League who he joined towards the end of the 2014–15 season. Brown had re-signed with the Redskins for the 2015–16 season on the 22nd of June 2016, but two months later they announced that he had opted to remain in Belfast for a career outside of hockey which ultimately ended his playing career.

## InfoBox

| Robbie Brown | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1990-11-30) 30 November 1990
Belfast, NI | | |
| Height | 5 ft 7 in (170 cm) | | |
| Weight | 181 lb (82 kg; 12 st 13 lb) | | |
| Position | Forward | | |
| Shot | Right | | |
| Played for | Solway Sharks
Belfast Giants
Wightlink Raiders
Basingstoke Bison
Invicta Dynamos
Peterborough Phantoms
Streatham Redskins | | |
| Playing career | 20062015 | | |


title: KFVS-TV

abstract: KFVS-TV is a television station licensed to Cape Girardeau, Missouri, United States, serving Southeastern Missouri, the Purchase area of Western Kentucky, Southern Illinois, and Northwest Tennessee as an affiliate of CBS and The CW. The station is owned by Gray Television alongside Paducah, Kentucky–licensed Telemundo affiliate WQWQ-LD. The two stations share studios in the Hirsch Tower on Broadway Avenue in Downtown Cape Girardeau; KFVS-TV's transmitter is located northwest of Egypt Mills, in unincorporated Cape Girardeau County. KFVS-TV had previously served the Jonesboro, Arkansas, media market as the default CBS station on cable, until the sign-on of the Jonesboro area's first locally based CBS affiliate August 1, 2015, on a second digital subchannel of Fox affiliate KJNB-LD/KJNE-LD.

text:
# KFVS-TV

**KFVS-TV** (channel 12) is a television station licensed to Cape Girardeau, Missouri, United States, serving Southeastern Missouri, the Purchase area of Western Kentucky, Southern Illinois, and Northwest Tennessee as an affiliate of CBS and The CW. The station is owned by Gray Television alongside Paducah, Kentucky–licensed Telemundo affiliate WQWQ-LD (channel 18). The two stations share studios in the Hirsch Tower on Broadway Avenue in Downtown Cape Girardeau; KFVS-TV's transmitter is located northwest of Egypt Mills, in unincorporated Cape Girardeau County.

KFVS-TV had previously served the Jonesboro, Arkansas, media market as the default CBS station on cable, until the sign-on of the Jonesboro area's first locally based CBS affiliate August 1, 2015, on a second digital subchannel of Fox affiliate KJNB-LD/KJNE-LD.

## History

KFVS began broadcasting on October 3, 1954, and aired an analog signal on VHF channel 12. It was owned by broadcasting pioneer Oscar C. Hirsch, who had signed-on the area's first radio station, KFVS radio (AM 960, now KZIM) in his radio shop in 1925. Although the KFVS call letters appear to stand for "Five States", they were actually randomly assigned by then-Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover. At the start, channel 12 did not have any video cameras. Instead, its first broadcast showed slides of its new transmitter tower that was under construction at the time. Channel 12 was housed along with its radio sister until 1968 when it moved to its present location on Broadway Avenue. Hirsch sold the station to AFLAC in 1979, but his family retained the radio station until 1985.

In 1997, AFLAC sold its entire broadcasting division, including KFVS, to a group headed by Retirement Systems of Alabama. It, in turn, merged with Ellis Communications a few months later to form Raycom Media. KFVS offered The Tube Music Network (a 24-hour digital music video channel) on its third digital subchannel which ceased operations on October 1, 2007.

### Sale to Gray Television

On June 25, 2018, Atlanta-based Gray Television announced it had reached an agreement with Raycom to merge their respective broadcasting assets (consisting of Raycom's 63 existing owned-and/or-operated television stations, including KFVS and WQTV/WQWQ), and Gray's 93 television stations) under the former's corporate umbrella. The cash-and-stock merger transaction valued at $3.6 billion—in which Gray shareholders would acquire preferred stock currently held by Raycom—resulted in KFVS and WQTV/WQWQ gaining new sister stations in nearby markets, including NBC/ABC affiliates KYTV and KSPR-LD in Springfield and ABC/Fox affiliate WBKO in Bowling Green, in addition to its current Raycom sister stations. The sale was approved on December 20, and was completed on January 2, 2019.

## News operation

Compared with the other big four stations in the market, KFVS has traditionally covered Southeastern Missouri. The newscasts of ABC affiliate WSIL-TV focus exclusively on Southern Illinois, from studios in Carterville, and it does not even mention the market's other two primary cities (Cape Girardeau and Paducah) in its on-air legal identification. This is despite the fact that WSIL operates a full-time satellite, KPOB, in Poplar Bluff, Missouri. KFVS offers secondary coverage of Southern Illinois from a newsroom on East Plaza Drive in Carterville near WSIL. NBC affiliate WPSD-TV, based in Paducah, focuses more on the Western Kentucky side although that station operates a bureau in Marion, Illinois and barely even covered the northern West Tennessee side of the market. KBSI later debuted its own newscasts in 2022, outsourced from ABC affiliate KLKN in Lincoln, Nebraska.

At one point in time, KFVS produced a nightly prime time newscast on WQTV/WQWQ. Known as *Heartland News at 9*, the show could be seen for a half-hour and was targeted specifically at a Southeastern Missouri audience. It competed with another broadcast in the time slot on Fox affiliate KBSI which also aired every night for thirty minutes. However, that program was produced by WPSD, so it featured more of a regional summary of headlines since it originated from the NBC outlet's facility in Kentucky. The WQTV/WQWQ newscast was dropped on July 29, 2007, after nearly eight years. KFVS-DT2 currently replays three weekday newscasts from KFVS including the 6 a.m. hour of *The Breakfast Show* (at 7), *Heartland News at Noon* (at 1 p.m.), and *Heartland News at 10* (at 11 p.m.). The Sunday edition of *The Breakfast Show* is also repeated on the subchannel.

On October 1, 2010, *Heartland News at 9* was brought back after a news share agreement was established with KBSI, which offers a nightly hour-long prime time newscast originating from the KFVS studios. With that addition, this station offers more than thirty hours of local news each week. Unlike other outsourced news arrangements at Sinclair-owned television stations, KBSI features the same graphics scheme and music package as seen on this CBS outlet. Also, there are no on-air duratrans separately identifying the KBSI newscast. In instances of severe weather (most notably during a tornado warning in the viewing area), KBSI may simulcast live coverage from KFVS if an event occurs outside the prime time newscast. On October 3, 2010, WPSD brought back its own newscast at 9 p.m. known as *The Nine* to both of its digital subchannels which is seen every night, except Saturdays, for a half-hour, until it was canceled in 2019.

In July 2011, KFVS became the second news operation in the market to upgrade local news production to high definition level. Included with the switch was the debut of a new studio and updated graphics (the KBSI newscast was included in the change).

During weather segments, the station uses live NOAA National Weather Service radar data from several regional sites. This system is known on-air as "First Alert Doppler Network". KFVS also operates its own Doppler weather radar, called "Live StormTeam Radar", that is located on top of the Hirsch building. It is a Collins radar sold by ADC in Bloomington, Indiana, and is the only live radar source in the market since the National Weather Service data seen on rival stations is delayed.

## Technical information

### Subchannels

The station's signal is multiplexed:

Subchannels of KFVS-TV
| Channel | Res. | Aspect | Short name | Programming |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12.1 | 1080i | 16:9 | KFVS DT | CBS |
| 12.2 | | 720p | CW | The CW |
| 12.3 | | 480i | Outlaw | Outlaw |
| | | 12.4 | MeTV | MeTV |
| | | 12.5 | Grit | Grit |
| | | 12.6 | Oxygen | Oxygen |

### Analog-to-digital conversion

KFVS-TV shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 12, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 57, which was among the high band UHF channels (52-69) that were removed from broadcasting use as a result of the transition, to its analog-era VHF channel 12.

## Coverage area

KFVS refers to its viewing area as "The Heartland", which is included in KFVS-DT2's on-air branding. KFVS serves more than fifty counties in four states including all of southeastern Missouri, southern Illinois, western Kentucky, and northwestern Tennessee. KFVS considers Clay County as the only northeastern Arkansas county in its viewing area as shown during its nightly weather segments which be seen in the local temperature graphic. Cable systems in Corning, Piggott, Rector, Marmaduke, Pollard, Greenway, St. Francis, and Lafe, Arkansas list KFVS on their local cable lineups. However, Jonesboro and Lake City cable systems do not carry the station. According to DirecTV, KFVS is still carried on its Jonesboro area lineup as a local channel.

While broadcasting an analog signal, a portion of its off-air signal reached into the Missouri Bootheel overlapping with sister stations WMC-TV in Memphis, Tennessee, and KAIT in Jonesboro. During the analog era, KFVS' coverage area overlapped with KMOV in St. Louis, extending as north as Belleville, Illinois, with cable systems on the edge of both markets providing both stations until CBS forced carriage of only the market's given affiliate on those systems in the early 2010s.

## InfoBox

KFVS-TV
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| City | Cape Girardeau, Missouri |
| Channels |  |
| Branding | KFVS 12; *Heartland News*; KFVS Too (DT2) |
| Programming | |
| Affiliations |  |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | WQWQ-LD |
| History | |
| First air date | October 3, 1954 (1954-10-03) |
| Former channel number(s) | * **Analog:** 12 (VHF, 1954–2009) * **Digital:** 57 (UHF, 2002–2009), 12 (VHF, 2009–2020) |
| Call sign meaning | from former radio sister KFVS (AM) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 592 |
| ERP | 11.8 kW |
| HAAT | 609 m (1,998 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 37°25′46″N 89°30′14″W / 37.42944°N 89.50389°W / 37.42944; -89.50389 |
| Translator(s) | K17LV-D 17 (UHF) Poplar Bluff, MO |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | www.kfvs12.com |


title: Robbie Glover (singer)

abstract: Robbie Glover is a British singer-songwriter from Leeds, England. In 2006, the BBC reported that he was the first act in history, with no label or management at the time, to achieve two People's Choice number one records. The records spent 12 consecutive weeks in the chart, removing U2 from the chart top, and was voted in by the people across Eastern Europe, of which he also was voted in as the second most popular record of the year.

text:
# Robbie Glover (singer)

**Robbie Glover** is a British singer-songwriter from Leeds, England. In 2006, the BBC reported that he was the first act in history, with no label or management at the time, to achieve two People's Choice number one records. The records spent 12 consecutive weeks in the chart, removing U2 from the chart top, and was voted in by the people across Eastern Europe, of which he also was voted in as the second most popular record of the year.

## Career

Glover comes from Leeds, where at the age of five he was given his first drum kit, subsequently joining the Leeds College of Music's junior concert band, under Guy Scarlet, giving him the opportunity of playing at the Royal Albert Hall at the age of 12. He later went on as a singer-songwriter, which he toured the UK alongside successful chart acts, appearing on various Radio Roadshows.

When he achieved his first People's Choice number one, he appeared on various mainstream UK media including ITV, Channel 4, BBC, *The Sun*, VH1.Com, as well as coverage from the story making its way to Yahoo Oz & Nz and Undercover Media (Australia). Glover was voted the second most popular artist of the year on the Kanal 77 radio network, the charts were submitted and published in *Тин-шема* magazine over in the voting countries. *The Stage* said *In Macedonia Robbie Glover is more popular than Britney, Kylie and Sophie Elis Bextor*

Glover flew over to Amsterdam where he wrote and recorded the track "Hot Girls" which became the second people's choice hit, where in the European radio chart it lasted some 12 consecutive weeks, the track receiving massive club support which was remixed by Robbie T, and subsequently released on vinyl a version that featured a version of John Legend's "Save Room" alongside extensive radio play on BBC Radio 1Xtra. This later lead to his track "Hot Girls" appearing on the albums *100% Garage & Bassline* & *Streetz Vol8* & *100 Hits Garage & Bassline* compiled by Ministry of Sound and distributed via Sony Digital Audio Disc Corporation & Demon Music Group in the UK and Internationally. Matt Goss had him appear in his music video for the track *I Need The Key*, which was aired on several music channels and Never Mind The Buzzcocks

Glover has also worked with Dee Tails, who appears on the tracks "Breaking The Rules", "Nasty Funk", and "Gotta Get Away" all written by Glover & Dee Tails and recorded with Oscar Lo Brutto (Engineer for Chipmunk and Wretch 32), the tracks have been supported by DJs nationwide including Matt 'Jam' Lamont and DJ Charma, as well as BBC Radio 1Xtra, Ministry of Sound and appearing on over 95% of the digital jukebox's in pubs and bars up and down the UK courtesy of Sound Leisure, "Gotta Get Away" has also been remixed by Robert Vadney, best known for his work alongside Paul Oakenfold and his Perfecto label.

Alongside Dee Tails, Glover has feature's from Bradley McIntosh of S Club 7. on his track *Hands Up* which he co-wrote, and was recorded and produced in Essex.

Many of his tracks, such as "Foolin" have had releases in Spain and various other places via producers and DJs releasing their own bootlegs inspired from his music. Vaden – one of the most active Garage propagandists, based in Russia, added "Hot Girls" to his *2 Step Nights* CD compilation in April 2010.

## Anti-weapons stance

In a newspaper interview in 2008, following the attack of a friend with a knife, Glover spoke out against people who carry knives. The paper said,

> A record breaking R&B artist has branded knife-wielders "cowards" after adding his weight to the Recorder's Respect Life campaign.

1. "BBC – Leeds – Entertainment Robbie Glover". BBC. 5 June 2006. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
2. "A Bedroom Boon". *The Stage*. 30 January 2003. p. 10.
3. *Music Net News*. 7. MBR Promotions. Spring 2004. p. 10.
4. "Kanal 77 top 20". *Тин-шема*. 26 February 2004.
5. "Kanal 77 top 20". *Тин-шема*. 11 March 2004.
6. "Robbie Glover – LIVE ITV Interview (Debut LIVE Interview – Rare Old School Footage)". Yorkshire TV. 9 February 2007. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
7. "Robbie Glover – Hit of the Year ITV Feature (Rare Old School Footage)". Yorkshire TV. 9 February 2007. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
8. "Leeds College of Music – People". Retrieved 22 January 2016.
9. "Радио Мрежа Канал 77 – Магија во етерот – Магија во етерот". Retrieved 31 December 2015.
10. "Release "Streetz, Volume 8" by Various Artists – MusicBrainz". *Music Brainz*. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
11. "Demon Music Group". Archived from the original on 8 August 2010. Retrieved 4 September 2012.
12. "Oh gosh! At last some new music from Stereohype Recordings – Slick n FreshSlick n Fresh". Retrieved 9 November 2014.
13. "Robbie Glover | AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
14. "100 Hits – Garage & Bassline / 100 Hits DMG100061 – CD". Retrieved 8 November 2014.
15. "Robbie Glover Ft Dee Tails (MN8) – Breaking The Rules & Nasty Funk (Digitial Jukebox Promo) Musica Movil". Retrieved 31 December 2015.
16. "MN8, I've got a little something for you (1995) | We Are The 90's | Soirée années 90". *We are the 90's*. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
17. "Robbie Glover Ft Dee Tails (MN8) – Gotta Get Away (Full Version Lyrics Video)". Retrieved 31 December 2015.
18. "MonMon – 'Don't Blame Me' – A 'Consumer Society' song". *Fame Magazine*. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
19. "Success of Charma show on BBC 1xtra 'could lead to permanent slot' – Slick n FreshSlick n Fresh". Retrieved 8 November 2014.
20. "Sunday Mass with DJ Charma – 16/09/07 – SubJam 104.7FM – Slick n FreshSlick n Fresh". Retrieved 8 November 2014.
21. "Robbie Glover Ft Dee Tails (MN8) – Gotta Get Away (Robbie V (Robert Vadney) Remix)". Retrieved 12 November 2014.
22. "Time Tunnel: S Club 7 « Creative Disc – Music Weblog". Retrieved 5 November 2014.
23. "Slevin feat. Robbie Glover – South Beach (the Remixes)". *Deep South Audio*. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
24. "DJ Vaden – 2 Step Nights Vol.1 CD1 – 2step.ru". Retrieved 31 December 2015.
25. Wiggan, Dominic (7 August 2008). "Knife carriers are cowards – R&B star". *Ilford Recorder*. Archant Community Media Ltd. p. 7.

## InfoBox

| Robbie Glover | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Born | Leeds, England |
| Genres | Pop |
| Occupation(s) | Singer, songwriter, drummer |
|  | |
| Website | www.robbieglover.com |


title: KVNA (AM)

abstract: KVNA is a radio station broadcasting a sports format. Licensed to Flagstaff, Arizona, United States, the station serves the Flagstaff area. The station is currently owned by Yavapai Broadcasting Corporation. KVNA is also heard on FM translator K284BO at 104.7 MHz broadcasting from Mt. Elden and serving the greater Flagstaff area, giving the station the "Sunny 104.7" identification. KVNA has been granted an FCC construction permit to move to a different transmitter site and increase the night power to 70 watts.

text:
# KVNA (AM)

**KVNA** (600 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a sports format. Licensed to Flagstaff, Arizona, United States, the station serves the Flagstaff area. The station is currently owned by Yavapai Broadcasting Corporation.

KVNA is also heard on FM translator K284BO at 104.7 MHz broadcasting from Mt. Elden and serving the greater Flagstaff area, giving the station the "Sunny 104.7" identification. KVNA has been granted an FCC construction permit to move to a different transmitter site and increase the night power to 70 watts.

## History

### KEOS

Today's KVNA started as KEOS, which used the slogan "Service in Sound in Northern Arizona" in the 1950s and 1960s. The station was owned by Flagstaff businessman Jack Bird and licensed to Thunderbird Broadcasting Company; the call letters stood for the initials of the first owner, E.O. Smith. KEOS ("Chaos") was a 1,000-watt daytimer signing off at sunset each day on the 1290 AM frequency.

In 1963, the second radio station to operate in Flagstaff failed. KGPH signed on December 6, 1950, from studios in the Weatherford Hotel. The station would relocate from 1230 kHz to 690 in 1953. KGPH was bought by a part-owner of Phoenix's KOY in April 1956; the new owners changed the callsign to KVNA. In June 1963, KVNA was sold to Frontier Television for $95,000. KVNA was described as defunct by that September, and in October, KEOS filed to take over the superior 24-hour facilities that belonged to KVNA. The application was approved in 1966, but it was not until the station completed construction of its new studio facilities, on September 8, 1969, that it moved to 690. The new KEOS broadcast with 1,000 watts day and 500 watts night, DA-2. The station later changed its call sign to KZKZ after it was sold in 1981.

### KVNA

After Communications Ltd. (Ed Raabe and Paul Seyler) purchased the station in 1986, they changed the call sign from KZKZ to KVNA (returning the callsign to the frequency for the first time since 1963), and paired it with a new FM station at 97.5 MHz (KVNA-FM).

On July 14, 1988, the station that had been recognized as Northern Arizona's news and sports station, KCLS at 600 kHz, shut down when its owner opted to convert the land into a mobile home park. KVNA moved to acquire on-air talent, including the former KCLS general manager, and sports rights including Los Angeles Dodgers baseball and Flagstaff High School football. In the mid-1990s, under new ownership, KVNA would acquire the dormant KCLS license in order to relocate KVNA to 600 kHz.

On December 30, 2014, the "Sunny" AC format of KVNA-FM moved to KVNA and its FM translator as "Sunny 104.7". KVNA flipped to sports talk in 2019.

## Station Ownership

* 1952–1974 **THUNDERBIRD BROADCASTING COMPANY**

owned no other radio stations

* 1974–1978 **CFK CORPORATION (Jason Jennings, Paul Knutsen, Connie Knutsen)**

owned no other radio stations

* 1978–1986 **in receivership to Jack Bird, former Principal of Thunderbird Broadcasting, with Todd Wallace, broadcast consultant**
* 1986–1989 **COMMUNICATIONS, LTD, (Ed Raabe & Paul Seyler)**
* 1994–1996 **PARK LANE COMMUNICATIONS**

owned stations in Kansas along with 97.5 KVNA-FM and was to sign on current KMGN

* 1996–1999 **REGENT BROADCASTING**

owned sister stations KZGL-FM, KVNA-FM along with stations in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, California, New Mexico and Minnesota

* 1999– **YAVAPAI BROADCASTING**

currently owns KQST-FM, KVNA-FM, KVRD-FM, KKLD-FM, KYBC-AM

## On-air personalities/shows

Some notable radio personalities have worked at either KVNA or KCLS earlier in their careers. Tim Hattrick of the well known Phoenix morning team of Tim and Willie (who have worked at KMLE and KNIX) started at KZKZ while in college at Northern Arizona University. Jim Sharpe, who has worked mornings in several major markets, including Los Angeles spent some of his early radio career at KCLS in the early 1980s. Some other notable personalities and shows to appear on either station were:

### Sports

## InfoBox

KVNA
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | FlagstaffPrescott, Arizona |
| Frequency | 600 kHz |
| Branding | *ESPN 104.7FM AM600* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Sports |
| Affiliations | ESPN Radio |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Yavapai Broadcasting Corporation |
| Sister stations | KKLD, KQST, KVNA-FM, KVRD-FM, KYBC |
| History | |
| First air date | 1958 (as KEOS) |
| Former call signs | KEOS (1958–1981)
KZKZ (1981–1986) |
| Call sign meaning | **K** **V**oice of **N**orthern **A**rizona (former slogan) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 68567 |
| Class | D |
| Power | 1,000 watts (day)
48 watts (night) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 35°12′2″N 111°36′49″W / 35.20056°N 111.61361°W / 35.20056; -111.61361 |
| Translator(s) | 104.7 K284BO (Flagstaff) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | KVNA Online |


title: KVMX-FM

abstract: KVMX-FM is a radio station licensed to Placerville, California, United States, and serving the Sacramento area with a regional Mexican format, branded as "La Ranchera". The station is currently owned by Lotus Communications, who bought the then-KMJE from Results Radio on September 3, 2013, and took over ownership on December 10, 2013. It is also broadcasting on AM at 890, known as KSAC, which signed on as KMJE in the summer of 2014.

text:
# KVMX-FM

**KVMX-FM** (92.1 MHz) is a radio station licensed to Placerville, California, United States, and serving the Sacramento area with a regional Mexican format, branded as "La Ranchera". The station is currently owned by Lotus Communications, who bought the then-KMJE from Results Radio on September 3, 2013, and took over ownership on December 10, 2013. It is also broadcasting on AM at 890, known as KSAC, which signed on as KMJE in the summer of 2014.

## History

### Classic country: 2004-2005

From November 17, 2003 - March 15, 2005, the station was known as "Real Country 92.1" under the call letters KRLL, and later KREL.

### Adult hits: 2005

From March 15, 2005, to August 1, 2005, the station was known as "92-1 Bob FM" under the call letters KBDB-FM.

### '80s hits: 2005-2007

From August 1, 2005, to January 5, 2007, the station was known as "Flash 92-1" under the call letters KXCL.

### Classic hits: 2007-2013

From January 5, 2007, to May 29, 2013, that station was known as "K-Hits" under the call letter KCCL. The classic hits format then moved to 101.5 FM.

### Spanish adult contemporary: 2013-2017

In 2013, the station was sold to Lotus Communications. On December 10, 2013, the station became "Vive 92.1" initially with Spanish Holiday music programming. During this period, the call letters were KMJE, and later KMJE-FM.

### Regional Mexican: 2017-present

In July 2017, KMJE dropped the Vive branding in favor of a Regional Mexican format under the name "La Buena." The station changed its call sign to KVMX-FM on March 1, 2019. The name was later changed to "La Ranchera."

## InfoBox

KVMX-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Sacramento, California |
| Frequency | 92.1 MHz |
| Branding | *La Ranchera* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Regional Mexican |
| Affiliations | Las Vegas Raiders Spanish Radio Network |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | KSAC, KSAC-FM |
| History | |
| First air date | December 9, 1982 (1982-12-09) |
| Former call signs | * KHTN (1981–90) * KWWN (1990–92) * KZSA (1992–2004) * KRLL (2004) * KREL (2004–05) * \>KBDB-FM (2005) * KXCL (2005–07) * KCCL (2007–13) * KMJE (2013–14) * KMJE-FM (2014–17) * KMJE (2017–19) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 36028 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 6,000 watts |
| HAAT | 100 meters (330 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 38°38′10.5″N 120°38′14″W / 38.636250°N 120.63722°W / 38.636250; -120.63722 |
| Repeater(s) | 105.5 KSAC-FM (Dunnigan) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live |
| Website | www.larancherasuperstation.com |


title: KVMZ

abstract: KVMZ is a radio station licensed to Waldo, Arkansas. The station broadcast Top 40 (CHR) format and is owned by Noalmark Broadcasting Corporation. On April 3, 2023, the station became a simulcast of KELD-FM.

text:
# KVMZ

**KVMZ** (99.1 FM) is a radio station licensed to Waldo, Arkansas. The station broadcast Top 40 (CHR) format and is owned by Noalmark Broadcasting Corporation.

On April 3, 2023, the station became a simulcast of KELD-FM.

33°17′59″N 93°14′00″W / 33.29972°N 93.23333°W / 33.29972; -93.23333

## InfoBox

KVMZ
| Simulcasts KELD-FM El Dorado | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Magnolia, Arkansas |
| Frequency | 99.1 MHz |
| Branding | MAX FM |
| Programming | |
| Format | Top 40 (CHR) |
| Affiliations | Fox News Radio<br>Compass Media Networks |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Noalmark Broadcasting Corporation |
| Sister stations | KAGL, KDMS, KELD, KELD-FM, KIXB, KLBQ, KMLK, KMRX, KVMA |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 86171 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 4,100 watts |
| HAAT | 122 meters |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | magnoliaradio.com |


title: Rob Morris (American football)

abstract: Robert Samuel Morris is an American former professional football player who spent his entire eight-year career as a linebacker for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the BYU Cougars and was selected by the Colts in the first round of the 2000 NFL draft. With the Colts, Morris won Super Bowl XLI against the Chicago Bears.

text:
# Rob Morris (American football)

**Robert Samuel Morris** (born January 18, 1975) is an American former professional football player who spent his entire eight-year career as a linebacker for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the BYU Cougars and was selected by the Colts in the first round (28th overall) of the 2000 NFL draft. With the Colts, Morris won Super Bowl XLI against the Chicago Bears.

## Early life

Morris was born and raised in Nampa, Idaho, and graduated from Nampa High School in 1993. He was an all-state fullback for the Bulldogs in football and *USA Today* All-American, and also lettered in basketball and track. Morris was also an Eagle Scout and was inducted into the NHS hall of fame in 2010.

## College career

Morris attended Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah, and played college football for the Cougars. Morris was a semi-finalist for the Butkus Award and was named as a first-team All-American by the Associated Press, *Sporting News*, and *The Football News*. He earned a bachelor's degree in communications from BYU.

## Professional career

In 2000, Morris was selected in the first round (28th overall) of the NFL draft by the Indianapolis Colts, where he spent his entire career. Morris started at middle linebacker for the Colts for the first 5 years of his career, and was the Colts' leading special teams tackler in the 2006 season. Morris also started 9 games for the Colts during the 2006 season, including 3 games in the playoffs and Super Bowl XLI, replacing Gilbert Gardner to improve the Colts' run defense. In 2001, Morris had his best statistical year with 114 total tackles (84 solo) and one sack. Morris was an unrestricted free agent after the 2006 season concluded and was re-signed by Indianapolis on March 5. He injured his left knee in the fourth game of 2007, and had season-ending surgery. He was released after a failed physical on February 27, 2008.

### NFL statistics

| Year | Team | Games | Combined Tackles | Tackles | Assisted Tackles | Sacks | Forced Fumbles | Fumble Recoveries | Fumble Return Yards | Interceptions | Interception Return Yards | Yards per Interception Return | Longest Interception Return | Interceptions Returned for Touchdown | Passes Defended |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | IND | 7 | 11 | 8 | 3 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2001 | IND | 14 | 114 | 84 | 30 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2002 | IND | 16 | 100 | 76 | 24 | 3.0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2003 | IND | 16 | 83 | 58 | 25 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 2004 | IND | 15 | 77 | 53 | 24 | 3.0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 2 |
| 2005 | IND | 14 | 29 | 22 | 7 | 0.0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2006 | IND | 15 | 55 | 43 | 12 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2007 | IND | 2 | 13 | 12 | 1 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Career |  | 99 | 482 | 356 | 126 | 7.0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 7 |

## Notes and references

## InfoBox

Rob Morris
| No. 94 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Linebacker |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1975-01-18) January 18, 1975<br>Nampa, Idaho, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) |
| Weight: | 243 lb (110 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Nampa |
| College: | BYU |
| NFL draft: | 2000 / round: 1 / pick: 28 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Total tackles: 482  Sacks: 7.0  Forced fumbles: 2  Fumble recoveries: 1  Interceptions: 1  Defensive touchdowns: 1 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Rob Morrison (journalist)

abstract: Rob Morrison is an American former television journalist and news anchor.

text:
# Rob Morrison (journalist)

**Rob Morrison** is an American former television journalist and news anchor.

## Career

Morrison began his broadcasting career as a combat correspondent while serving in the U.S. Marine Corps. He was a radio disc jockey and news anchor and reporter while stationed on Okinawa, Japan, in the early 1990s. As a civilian, he began his career at WGMC-TV in Worcester, Massachusetts. He later worked at WWLP-TV in Springfield, Massachusetts, and in Hartford, Connecticut. As a foreign correspondent, he reported from Iraq and Qatar during the Second Gulf War; Afghanistan, where he embedded with the Marines during Operation Enduring Freedom in 2001; and Haiti.

In 1999, Morrison began a nine-year period at WNBC, the New York City, flagship station of the NBC television network. There he co-anchored *Today in New York* and *Weekend Today in New York*, the station's early-morning, local-news-and-entertainment television program. In 2001, Morrison moved to the station's weekend-evening newscasts.

In 2004, he was made a co-anchor of the weekday edition of *Today in New York*, alongside Darlene Rodriguez, and stayed in that position until 2008 when he left the station. During Morrison's time with WNBC, he also served as a correspondent for NBC News, as well as a news reader for *Weekend Today*, also an early-morning, news-and-entertainment television program and a production of NBC News.

After leaving WNBC and NBC, Morrison wrote a blog, *Daddy Diaries   Confessions of a Stay-at-Home Anchorman*, which was published on *The Huffington Post*, a news website and content-aggregating blog.

In 2009, he joined WCBS, a local broadcast-television station also located in New York City   and the flagship station of the CBS broadcast-television network   where Morrison has anchored the station's morning and evening weekend newscasts. On December 20, 2010, he was named co-anchor, with Mary Calvi, of the weekday editions of *CBS 2 News This Morning*, the station's early-morning news program, and on newscasts beginning January 3, 2011.

On February 20, 2013, Morrison resigned from his $300,000-a-year position at WCBS-TV.

## Personal life

His wife, Ashley Morrison (née Risk), a business anchor for *CBS MoneyWatch*, was an anchor and reporter with Bloomberg Television from 2007 to 2009. In 2011, the couple and their son, Jack, moved from Manhattan to Darien, Connecticut.

### Domestic violence

Morrison was arrested in his home at approximately 1:30 a.m. Sunday, February 17, 2013, and charged with second-degree strangulation, second-degree threatening and disorderly conduct for allegedly choking his wife. Judge Kenneth Povodator defined a protective order against him, forbidding contact with his wife and to remain 100 yards away from her. On July 3, 2013, Morrison pleaded guilty to threatening and breach of peace charges and the strangulation charge was dropped in April 2014.

### Harassment call charges

Morrison was arrested again on Monday, June 17, 2014, after calling his wife Ashley Morrison more than 100 times over several days the previous month. He was charged with criminal violation of a protection order and second-degree harassment after turning himself in on a warrant about 6PM. He later pleaded guilty to harassment charges against his wife Ashley in October 2014 and he was sentenced to six months probation.

## InfoBox

| Rob Morrison | |
| --- | --- |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Years active | Since early 1990s |
| Spouse | Ashley Morrison |
| Children | 1 |


title: 1978–79 Yorkshire Football League

abstract: The 1978–79 Yorkshire Football League was the 53rd season in the history of the Yorkshire Football League, a football competition in England.

text:
# 1978–79 Yorkshire Football League

The **1978–79 Yorkshire Football League** was the 53rd season in the history of the Yorkshire Football League, a football competition in England.

## Division One

Division One featured 12 clubs which competed in the previous season, along with four new clubs, promoted from Division Two:

### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Winterton Rangers | 30 | 19 | 5 | 6 | 54 | 21 | +33 | 43 |  |
| 2 | Emley | 30 | 18 | 5 | 7 | 58 | 31 | +27 | | 41 |
| 3 | North Ferriby United | 30 | 16 | 9 | 5 | 55 | 31 | +24 | | 41 |
| 4 | Guiseley | 30 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 35 | 32 | +3 | | 31 |
| 5 | Thackley | 30 | 13 | 5 | 12 | 41 | 39 | +2 | | 31 |
| 6 | Ossett Town | 30 | 14 | 2 | 14 | 42 | 37 | +5 | | 30 |
| 7 | Scarborough reserves | 30 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 34 | 36 | 2 | | 30 |
| 8 | Sheffield | 30 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 26 | 28 | 2 | | 29 |
| 9 | Leeds Ashley Road | 30 | 10 | 8 | 12 | 34 | 37 | 3 | | 28 |
| 10 | Hallam | 30 | 12 | 4 | 14 | 33 | 42 | 9 | | 28 |
| 11 | Bridlington Town | 30 | 11 | 6 | 13 | 36 | 48 | 12 | | 28 |
| 12 | Frecheville Community Association | 30 | 7 | 13 | 10 | 33 | 42 | 9 | | 27 |
| 13 | Tadcaster Albion | 30 | 9 | 8 | 13 | 33 | 39 | 6 | 26 | Relegated to Division Two |
| 14 | Bentley Victoria Welfare | 30 | 9 | 7 | 14 | 34 | 38 | 4 | | 25 |
| 15 | Kiveton Park | 30 | 8 | 7 | 15 | 44 | 54 | 10 | | 23 |
| 16 | Lincoln United | 30 | 5 | 9 | 16 | 28 | 65 | 37 | | 19 |

Source: fchd
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
The points system until the 1990–91 season: 2 points for a win, 1 point for a draw and 0 points for losing.

### Map

Bentley Victoria WelfareBridlington TownEmleyFrecheville Community AssociationGuiseleyHallamKiveton ParkLeeds Ashley RoadLincoln UnitedNorth Ferriby UnitedOssett TownScarborough reservesSheffieldTadcaster AlbionThackleyWinterton Rangersclass=notpageimage|Location of the clubs in the 1978–79 Yorkshire League Division One on a map of Yorkshire and the Humber

## Division Two

Yorkshire Football League
Division Two
| Season | 1978–79 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Ossett Albion |
| Promoted | Fryston Colliery Welfare
Liversedge
Ossett Albion
Thorne Colliery |
| Relegated | Rawmarsh Welfare
Wombwell Sporting Association
Worsbrough Bridge Miners Welfare Athletic |
| Matches played | 240 |
| Goals scored | 681 (2.84 per match) |
| 1977–78 1979–80 | |

Division Two featured eight clubs which competed in the previous season, along with eight new clubs.

### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Ossett Albion | 30 | 17 | 9 | 4 | 37 | 18 | +19 | 43 | Promoted to Division One |
| 2 | Fryston Colliery Welfare | 30 | 15 | 6 | 9 | 56 | 36 | +20 | | 36 |
| 3 | Thorne Colliery | 30 | 12 | 12 | 6 | 45 | 34 | +11 | | 36 |
| 4 | Liversedge | 30 | 13 | 9 | 8 | 39 | 33 | +6 | | 35 |
| 5 | Brook Sports | 30 | 12 | 8 | 10 | 45 | 48 | 3 | 32 |  |
| 6 | Farsley Celtic | 30 | 10 | 11 | 9 | 49 | 38 | +11 | | 31 |
| 7 | Hatfield Main | 30 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 39 | 36 | +3 | | 31 |
| 8 | Maltby Miners Welfare | 30 | 8 | 12 | 10 | 37 | 38 | 1 | | 28 |
| 9 | Denaby United | 30 | 10 | 7 | 13 | 47 | 51 | 4 | | 27 |
| 10 | Norton Woodseats | 30 | 10 | 7 | 13 | 38 | 47 | 9 | | 27 |
| 11 | Yorkshire Amateur | 30 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 34 | 46 | 12 | | 27 |
| 12 | Barton Town | 30 | 10 | 6 | 14 | 43 | 47 | 4 | | 26 |
| 13 | Rawmarsh Welfare | 30 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 45 | 51 | 6 | 26 | Relegated to Division Three |
| 14 | Worsbrough Bridge Miners Welfare Athletic | 30 | 11 | 4 | 15 | 39 | 48 | 9 | | 26 |
| 15 | Leeds & Carnegie Polytechnic | 30 | 11 | 3 | 16 | 55 | 58 | 3 | 25 | Resigned from the league |
| 16 | Wombwell Sporting Association | 30 | 9 | 6 | 15 | 33 | 52 | 19 | 24 | Relegated to Division Three |

Source: fchd
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
The points system until the 1990–91 season: 2 points for a win, 1 point for a draw and 0 points for losing.

### Map

Barton TownBrook SportsDenaby UnitedFarsley CelticFryston Colliery WelfareHatfield MainLeeds & Carnegie PolytechnicLiversedgeMaltby MWNorton WoodseatsOssett AlbionRawmarsh WelfareThorne CollieryWombwellWorsbroughYorkshire Amateurclass=notpageimage|Location of the clubs in the 1978–79 Yorkshire League Division Two on a map of Yorkshire and the Humber

## Division Three

Yorkshire Football League
Division Three
| Season | 1978–79 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | York Railway Institute |
| Promoted | Harworth Colliery Institute
BSC Parkgate
Stocksbridge Works
York Railway Institute |
| Matches played | 210 |
| Goals scored | 683 (3.25 per match) |
| 1977–78 1979–80 | |

Division Three featured eleven clubs which competed in the previous season, along with four new clubs.

### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | York Railway Institute | 28 | 17 | 5 | 6 | 70 | 41 | +29 | 39 | Promoted to Division Two |
| 2 | Stocksbridge Works | 28 | 16 | 6 | 6 | 46 | 31 | +15 | | 38 |
| 3 | Harworth Colliery Institute | 28 | 17 | 5 | 6 | 49 | 23 | +26 | | 37 |
| 4 | BSC Parkgate | 28 | 15 | 6 | 7 | 57 | 42 | +15 | | 36 |
| 5 | Hall Road Rangers | 28 | 15 | 4 | 9 | 62 | 42 | +20 | 33 |  |
| 6 | Pickering Town | 28 | 13 | 7 | 8 | 67 | 47 | +20 | | 33 |
| 7 | Selby Town | 28 | 14 | 4 | 10 | 37 | 30 | +7 | | 32 |
| 8 | Dodworth Miners Welfare | 28 | 12 | 6 | 10 | 54 | 47 | +7 | 28 | Resigned from the league |
| 9 | Woolley Miners Welfare | 28 | 10 | 3 | 15 | 45 | 52 | 7 | 23 |  |
| 10 | Pilkington Recreation | 28 | 9 | 5 | 14 | 36 | 45 | 9 | | 23 |
| 11 | Collingham | 28 | 8 | 7 | 13 | 42 | 51 | 9 | | 23 |
| 12 | Sheffield Waterworks | 28 | 8 | 7 | 13 | 32 | 45 | 13 | | 23 |
| 13 | Harrogate Town | 28 | 7 | 6 | 15 | 27 | 55 | 28 | | 20 |
| 14 | Garforth Miners | 28 | 5 | 7 | 16 | 30 | 62 | 32 | | 17 |
| 15 | Rossington Miners Welfare | 28 | 3 | 4 | 21 | 29 | 70 | 41 | | 10 |

Source: fchd
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
The points system until the 1990–91 season: 2 points for a win, 1 point for a draw and 0 points for losing.
Notes:

### Map

CollinghamDodworth Miners WelfareGarforth MinersHall Road RangersHarrogate TownHarworth Colliery InstituteBSC ParkgatePickering TownPilkington RecreationRossington Miners WelfareSelby TownSheffield WaterworksStocksbridge WorksWoolley Miners WelfareYork Railway Instituteclass=notpageimage|Location of the clubs in the 1978–79 Yorkshire League Division Three on a map of Yorkshire and the Humber

## League Cup

1978–79 Yorkshire Football League League Cup
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | England |
|  | |

### Final

|  | **Emley** | **1–0** | Winterton Rangers | Westfield Lane |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

Yorkshire Football League
Division One
| Season | 1978–79 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Winterton Rangers |
| Relegated | Bentley Victoria Welfare
Kiveton Park
Lincoln United
Tadcaster Albion |
| Matches played | 240 |
| Goals scored | 620 (2.58 per match) |
| 1977–78 1979–80 | |


title: KFLG (AM)

abstract: KFLG is an AM radio station broadcasting an adult standards/MOR format. Licensed to Bullhead City, Arizona, United States, the station is owned by Cameron Broadcasting, Inc. and features programming from Westwood One. The station operates during the day only and signs off at local sunset to protect clear channel station KNWN in Seattle.

text:
# KFLG (AM)

**KFLG** (1000 kHz, "K-Star 99.3 FM") is an AM radio station broadcasting an adult standards/MOR format. Licensed to Bullhead City, Arizona, United States, the station is owned by Cameron Broadcasting, Inc. and features programming from Westwood One. The station operates during the day only and signs off at local sunset to protect clear channel station KNWN in Seattle.

## History

The station went on the air as KRHS on January 30, 1981. On January 28, 1991, the station changed its call sign to the current KFLG.

## Translator

The station is also heard on 99.3 FM, through a translator in Laughlin, Nevada, and on 101.9 FM, through a translator in Kingman, Arizona.

| Call sign | Frequency | City of license | FID | ERP () | HAAT | Class | FCC info |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| K257FM | 99.3 FM | Laughlin, Nevada | 157072 | 250 | 664  (2,178 ft) | D | LMS |
| K270CI | 101.9 FM | Kingman, Arizona | 145133 | 250 | 63 m (207 ft) | D | LMS |
| K277DK | 103.3 FM | Bullhead City, Arizona | 201367 | 250 | 0 m (0 ft) | D | LMS |

## InfoBox

KFLG
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Bullhead City, Arizona |
| Frequency | 1000 kHz |
| Branding | *K-Star 99.3 FM* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Adult standards |
| Affiliations | Westwood One |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Cameron Broadcasting, Inc. |
| Sister stations | KAAA, KZZZ, KLUK, KNKK, KFLG-FM |
| History | |
| First air date | January 30, 1981 (as KRHS) |
| Former call signs | KRHS (1981–1991) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 65676 |
| Class | D |
| Power | 1,000 watts day |
| Transmitter coordinates | 35°10′10″N 114°38′2″W / 35.16944°N 114.63389°W / 35.16944; -114.63389 |
| Translator(s) | 99.3 K257FM (Laughlin, Nevada)
101.9 K270CI (Kingman)
103.3 K277DK (Bullhead City) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | kstar993fm.com |


title: Fogo Aerodrome

abstract: Fogo Aerodrome is a local airport located 4 nautical miles south of Fogo, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada on Fogo Island. It is the island's only infrastructure for air transport.

text:
# Fogo Aerodrome

**Fogo Aerodrome** (TC LID: **CDY3**) is a local airport located 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) south of Fogo, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada on Fogo Island. It is the island's only infrastructure for air transport.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| --- | --- |
| Exploits Valley Air Services | Gander, Halifax |

1. *Canada Flight Supplement*. Effective 0901 16 July 2020 to 0901Z 10 September 2020.

## InfoBox

| Fogo Aerodrome | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Operator | Government of Newfoundland and Labrador |
| Location | Fogo, Newfoundland and Labrador |
| Time zone | NST (UTC−03:30) |
| Summer (DST) | NDT (UTC−02:30) |
| Elevation AMSL | 97 ft / 30 m |
| Coordinates | 49°39′27″N 054°14′15″W / 49.65750°N 54.23750°W / 49.65750; -54.23750 |
| Map | |
| CDY3Location in Newfoundland and Labrador | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  10/28 3,000 914 Asphalt | |
| Source: Canada Flight Supplement | |


title: KUBD (TV)

abstract: KUBD is a television station in Ketchikan, Alaska, United States, affiliated with CBS. Owned by Gray Television, it is operated as a full-time satellite of Juneau-licensed KYEX-LD. KUBD's transmitter is located in downtown Ketchikan. On cable, KUBD is available on channel 4 on GCI and KPU CommVision, the latter of which is owned by the City of Ketchikan.

text:
# KUBD (TV)

**KUBD** (channels 2 and 5) is a television station in Ketchikan, Alaska, United States, affiliated with CBS. Owned by Gray Television, it is operated as a full-time satellite of Juneau-licensed KYEX-LD (channel 5). KUBD's transmitter is located in downtown Ketchikan.

On cable, KUBD is available on channel 4 on GCI and KPU CommVision, the latter of which is owned by the City of Ketchikan.

## History

The station went on the air April 1, 1995 as KNEB-TV, operating on analog channel 4. It became KUBD in 1998. Originally a TBN affiliate, the station switched to Pax (now Ion Television) when it launched in 1998 and joined CBS in 2000. It continued a secondary affiliation with Pax for some time after joining CBS.

KUBD launched their digital signal in early 2006 on channel 13. KUBD stayed on channel 13 when the digital switchover took place in 2009.

On December 9, 2013, Ketchikan Television filed to sell KUBD, along with KTNL-TV in Sitka and KXLJ-LD in Juneau, to Denali Media Holdings, a subsidiary of local cable provider GCI. The deal would make them sister stations to NBC affiliate KATH-LD in Juneau and its satellite KSCT-LP in Sitka, as well as fellow CBS affiliate KTVA in Anchorage. The sale was completed on July 28, 2014.

## Subchannels

The station's digital signal is multiplexed:

Subchannels of KUBD
| Channel | Res. | Aspect | Short name | Programming |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2.1 | 1080i | 16:9 | KATH-LD | NBC |
| | | 5.1 | KYES | CBS (KAUU) |
| 5.4 | | 480i | KYES-DT4 | MyNetworkTV (KAUU-DT4) |

Simulcast of subchannels of another station

## InfoBox

KUBD
| Satellite of KYEX-LD, Juneau, Alaska | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Channels |  |
| Branding | CBS Southeast |
| Programming | |
| Affiliations | CBS |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | KATH-LD, KSCT-LP |
| History | |
| First air date | April 1, 1995 (1995-04-01) |
| Former call signs | KNEB-TV (1995–1998) |
| Former channel number(s) | * **Analog:** 4 (VHF, 1995–2009) * **Virtual:** 4 (2009–2020) |
| Former affiliations | * TBN (1995–1998) * Pax/Ion (1998–2000s, secondary from 2000) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 60520 |
| ERP | 0.18 kW |
| HAAT | −71 m (−233 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 55°20′59.1″N 131°40′28.1″W / 55.349750°N 131.674472°W / 55.349750; -131.674472 (KUBD) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | www.alaskasnewssource.com |


title: KUAU

abstract: KUAU is a radio station licensed to serve Haiku, Hawaii. The station is owned by First Assembly King's Cathedral and Chapels. It airs a Religious Talk radio format. The station was assigned the KUAU call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on June 28, 1991.

text:
# KUAU

**KUAU** (1570 AM) is a radio station licensed to serve Haiku, Hawaii. The station is owned by First Assembly King's Cathedral and Chapels. It airs a Religious Talk radio format.

The station was assigned the KUAU call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on June 28, 1991.

## InfoBox

KUAU
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 1570 kHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Religious Talk |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | First Assembly King's Cathedral and Chapels |
| Sister stations | KLUI-LP, KIOM-LP |
| Technical information | |
| Facility ID | 36687 |
| Class | B |
| Power | 15,000 watts fulltime |
| Transmitter coordinates | 20°47′30″N 156°28′1″W / 20.79167°N 156.46694°W / 20.79167; -156.46694 |


title: Robbie McGrath

abstract: Robbie McGrath is a former Irish international rugby union player. His playing position was as scrum-half. McGrath played schools rugby for Newbridge College before joining Wanderers Football Club. McGrath was capped 17 times for Ireland, his first taste in a green jersey came against Southland in Invercargill during Ireland's 1976 tour of New Zealand and Fiji. He broke into the team in January 1977, his official debut coming against Wales at Cardiff Arms Park. McGrath was integral to Ireland's success in 1982, playing every game in the 1982 Five Nations Championship campaign culminating in Ireland's first winning of the Triple Crown in 33 years. He was again part of the Irish squad who shared the 1983 Five Nations Championship title with France, finishing level on points. McGrath featured in five Five Nations Championships. His last game for Ireland came against the same side he had made his first cap against, Wales, in February 1984. Robbie McGrath was elected President of Boyne Rugby Football Club in July 2013.

text:
# Robbie McGrath

**Robbie McGrath** (born 18 July 1951) is a former Irish international rugby union player. His playing position was as scrum-half.

McGrath played schools rugby for Newbridge College before joining Wanderers Football Club.

McGrath was capped 17 times for Ireland, his first taste in a green jersey came against Southland in Invercargill during Ireland's 1976 tour of New Zealand and Fiji. He broke into the team in January 1977, his official debut coming against Wales at Cardiff Arms Park. McGrath was integral to Ireland's success in 1982, playing every game in the 1982 Five Nations Championship campaign culminating in Ireland's first winning of the Triple Crown in 33 years. He was again part of the Irish squad who shared the 1983 Five Nations Championship title with France, finishing level on points. McGrath featured in five Five Nations Championships (1977, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984). His last game for Ireland came against the same side he had made his first cap against, Wales, in February 1984.

Robbie McGrath was elected President of Boyne Rugby Football Club in July 2013.

## InfoBox

Robbie McGrath
| Date of birth | (1951-07-18) July 18, 1951 |
| --- | --- |
| School | Newbridge College |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Scrum-half  Amateur team(s)  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  Wanderers   ()  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1976–1984 Ireland  17  (4) | |


title: KRI Ratulangi

abstract: Nikolay Kartashov was a Don-class submarine tender of the Soviet Navy which later was transferred to the Indonesian Navy and renamed KRI Ratulangi.

text:
# KRI Ratulangi

***Nikolay Kartashov*** was a Don-class submarine tender of the Soviet Navy which later was transferred to the Indonesian Navy and renamed **KRI *Ratulangi***.

## Development and design

The project of the submarine tenders was developed in the central design bureau "Baltsudoproekt" under the leadership of the chief designer V. I. Mogilevich. The main observer from the Navy was Captain 1st Rank G.V. Zemlyanichenko. The construction of the lead ship was completed in Nikolaev at the Black Sea shipyard in 1958. In total, seven sub tenders of Project 310 were built for the Soviet Navy in 1958-1963.

Don-class submarine tenders had a total displacement of 7150 tons and 5030 tons while they're empty. Main dimensions: maximum length - 140 m, width - 17.67 m, draft - 5.6 m. Two-shaft diesel-electric main power plant with a capacity of 4000 hp. with. provided the ship with a full speed of 16 knots. The cruising range reached 3000 nautical miles (at a speed of 12.5 knots), autonomy - 40 days. The crew consisted of 350 people, including 28 officers.

They could serve four submarines of Project 611 or Project 613. The equipment of the floating base was capable of providing navigational and emergency repair of the hull, mechanisms and weapons and storage of 42 533-mm torpedoes in a special room. A 100-ton crane was housed at the bow of the ship.

The defensive armaments of the ships consisted of four single-barreled 100-mm artillery mounts B-34USMA and four 57-mm twin installations ZIF-31 with the Ryf control radar, the sonar station was not provided. After modernization, on two ships, instead of two aft 100-mm installations, a take-off and landing pad was equipped for basing one Ka-25 helicopter. On the last floating base of the series, the Osa-M air defense missile system was installed.

## Construction and career

*Nikolay Kartashov* was built at Black Sea Shipyard in Mykolaiv and was launched on 25 June 1957 and commissioned on 1 July 1960.

She was decommissioned in 1962 and transferred to the Indonesian Navy as **RI *Ratulangi*** (4101). She was acquired along with 12 Whiskey-class submarine as part of the First Nasution Mission, which aims to improve Indonesian Armed Forces capabilities as preparation for Operation Trikora. Alongside *Ratulangi*, the Navy also received RI *Thamrin* of Atrek-class submarine tender. *Ratulangi* didn't partake in the operation, as she arrived in Indonesia in July 1962, shortly before the West Irian dispute was concluded in New York Agreement which was signed on 15 August 1962.

Her first combat assignment was during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation from 1963 to 1966, of which the ship play her role.

The ship participated in Operation Seroja, the invasion of East Timor in late 1975. KRI *Ratulangi* was involved in Battle of Dili as the command ship of Operation Seroja Amphibious Task Force, along with KRI *Martadinata* as naval gunfire support, KRI *Barakuda* as sub-chaser, KRI *Jayawijaya* as repair ship, KRI *Sorong* as oiler, and KRI *Teluk Bone* which carried landing forces from 5th Landing Team Battalion of Marine Infantry. On 7 December at 04:30 UTC+8, the landing forces disembarked from *Teluk Bone*, covered with naval gunfire from *Martadinata*. At 05:00, the landing at Kampung Alor went smoothly.

During the landing process, the task force were shadowed by two Portuguese Navy frigates, consisted of NRP *Afonso de Albuquerque* and a *João Belo*-class frigate. Both Portuguese frigates were already present in Timorese waters since October 1975. *Ratulangi*, which has four 100 mm guns, keep track of the two frigates, while *Martadinata* continues to carry on her assignment. The Portuguese frigates were observing the landing process 7 km (3.8 nmi) from the Indonesian ships.

In early 1980s her pennant number was changed to 301, and in mid 1980s it was again changed to 400.

From the mid until late 1980s, *Ratulangi* was used as patrol ship, until she was decommissioned sometime that decade. Her final fate is unknown.

## Citations

## InfoBox

| A Don-class submarine tender of Soviet Navy in 1967 | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Soviet Union | |
| Name | * *Nikolay Kartashov* * (Николай Карташов) |
| Namesake | Карташов, Николай Иванович |
| Builder | Black Sea Shipyard |
| Yard number | 619 |
| Laid down | 18 December 1959 |
| Launched | 20 December 1960 |
| Commissioned | 31 March 1962 |
| Decommissioned | 1962 |
| Identification | Pennant number: 441 |
| Fate | Transferred to Indonesian Navy, 1962 |
| Indonesia | |
| Name | *Ratulangi* |
| Namesake | Sam Ratulangi |
| Acquired | 1962 |
| Commissioned | 1962 |
| Identification | Pennant number: 4101, 301, 400 |
| Fate | Unknown |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Don-class submarine tender |
| Displacement | * 2,316 tonnes (2,279 long tons) standard * 3,066 tonnes (3,018 long tons) full load |
| Length | 140 m (460 ft) |
| Beam | 17.7 m (58 ft) |
| Draught | 6.4 m (21 ft) |
| Propulsion | 4 diesel engines, 8,000 hp (6,000 kW) |
| Speed | 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph) |
| Range | 21,000 km (11,000 nmi; 13,000 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) |
| Complement | 300-450 |
| Sensors and
processing systems | * Radar: + Hawk Screech + Slim Net + Rys-1 |
| Electronic warfare
& decoys | 2 Watch dog ECM systems, Vee cone communication system |
| Armament | * 4 × single 100 mm (4 in) guns * 4 × dual 57 mm (2.2 in) guns, * 4 × dual 25 mm guns (in late 1970s) |