title: Thirumathi Hitler

abstract: Thirumathi Hitler is an Indian Tamil language drama television show which aired on Zee Tamil from 14 December 2020 and ended on 8 January 2022, and is digitally available on ZEE5. The series stars Keerthana Podhuval and Amit Bhargav in the lead roles. It is an official remake of the Hindi television series Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega. From business to family, AJ believes that everything should be done in an orderly manner. Frustrated with his perfectionism, his daughters-in-law plot to get him married to an easy-going woman.

text:
# Thirumathi Hitler

***Thirumathi Hitler*** (transl.*Mrs. Hitler*) is an Indian Tamil language drama television show which aired on Zee Tamil from 14 December 2020 and ended on 8 January 2022, and is digitally available on ZEE5. The series stars Keerthana Podhuval and Amit Bhargav in the lead roles. It is an official remake of the Hindi television series *Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega*.

From business to family, AJ believes that everything should be done in an orderly manner. Frustrated with his perfectionism, his daughters-in-law plot to get him married to an easy-going woman.

## Plot

Abinav Janardhan (AJ), who became a recluse after losing his wife Pravalika, is forced to remarry. He refuses at first, but agrees on the condition that the marriage should happen within a span of 15 days. AJ's three daughters-in-law – Archana, Maya, and Chitra – conduct a *suyamwaram* (for selecting a bride). Hasini accidentally enters the *suyamwaram* and mistakes AJ's daughters-in-law to be the producers of the film she was supposed to be auditioning for.

Archana and Chitra invite Hasini to meet AJ's mother, Jayamma, before learning that she was selected for AJ to marry. After hearing this she got shocked and angry and humiliates AJ. The next day Hasini's sister Swetha shows the newspaper with fake news about Hasini and AJ. Hasini is infuriated and goes to AJ's house where Komali humiliates him again. After she leaves, Jayamma tells him that instead of marrying a girl who wanted all wealth he could marry a girl who wants to save and protect her self-respect. AJ decides to marry Hasini and tries to convince her but all his efforts go in vain.

One day Hasini sees a girl with Badhri, her sister Swetha's lover, and mistakes that girl to be Swetha, later to find out she is Badhri's wife. Hasini is shocked and informs Swetha, who already knew he was married. Hasini warns Badri not to cross paths with Swetha, who attempts to commit suicide afterwards. AJ asks the doctor to perform the operation to save Swetha after Hasini admits her to the hospital. Hasini asks him to solve her problem and save her sister from Badri. With the help of a police officer, AJ threatens Badhri and makes him let go of Swetha and in turn asks Hasini to marry him.

At one point Hasini runs from AJ's house with Archana's help during the mehendi function. AJ is irritated and declares that he is going to marry Komali. During AJ's marriage, Badri blackmails Hasini to marry AJ by kidnapping Swetha. Hasini agrees, and knocks out Komali. AJ marries Hasin, who blames him for blackmailing and marrying her. Hasini is kidnapped on her way to police station to file a complaint against AJ by Vikram, a CBI officer. Vikram says that AJ is the reason for Pravalika's death, the one who pushed her off a cliff, and wants him to be jailed. Vikram also tells Hasini about the secret locker AJ possesses which contains some evidence against AJ. He threatens Hasini that if she does not help him he would arrest and imprison her father. Hasini enters AJ's house in an agreement that both of them had to prove that each other had married them by cheating.

## Cast

### Main

* Keerthana Podhuval as Hasini Chakravarthy Janardhan aka Cakekaari – Chakravarthy's daughter; Keerthana's step-daughter; Swetha's half-sister; Abhinav's wife. (2020–2022)
* Amit Bhargav as Abhinav Janardhan aka AJ / Hitler – A professional cook; Jayamma's son; Pravalika's ex-husband; Hasini's husband; Varadhan and Kishore's foster father. (2020–2022)

### Recurring

* Ambika as Jayamma – Abhinav's mother. (2020–2022)
* Manjula Paritala / Yamuna Chinnadurai as Pravalika Janardhan – Abhinav's ex-wife. (2020) / (2021–2022)
* Sowmya Rao Nadig / Mahalakshmi as Archana Varadhan – Varadhan's wife. (2020–2021) / (2021–2022)
* Subalakshmi Rangan / SK Sivanyaa as Maya Kishore – Komali's cousin; Kishore's wife. (2020–2021) / (2021–2022)
* Bhavya Sree as Chitra – Badhri's sister. (2020–2022)
* Keerthana as Keerthana Chakravarthy – Chakravarthy's second wife, Swetha's mother; Hasini's step-mother (2020–2022)
* G. Gnanasambandam as Chakravarthy – Keerthana's husband; Hasini and Swetha's father. (2020–2022)
* Swetha Senthilkumar as Swetha Chakravarthy – Keerthana and Chakravarthy's daughter; Hasini's half-sister. (2020–2022)
* Dharish Jayaseelan as Inspector Badhri – Chitra's brother; Sindhu's husband; Swetha's love interest; Hasini's enemy. (2020–2022)
* Ammu as Sindhu Badhri – Badhri's wife (2020–2022)
* Prithvi Krishna as Vardhan – Abhinav's foster son; Archana's husband. (2020–2022)
* Sugesh as Kishore – Abhinav's foster son; Maya's husband. (2020–2022)
* Janani as Komali – Abhinav's ex-fiancée; Maya's cousin (2020)
* Kousalya Senthamarai as Bhagyalakshmi – Vanangamudhi's grandmother.

### Cameo

* Chaitra Reddy as Pournami: AJ's friend
* Vanitha Vijayakumar as Rajeshwari: AJ's aunt
* Arvind Kathare as AJ's former driver (episode-1)
* Nachathira as Bombay Divya: Hasini's friend and Manohar's wife (episode 202–204)
* Shreekumar as Manohar: Divya's husband (Episode 202–204)
* Puvi as Vanangamudhi: AJ's friend and Shantanayaki's husband
* Ashwini Radhakrishna as Shantanayaki: Vanangamudhi' wife

## Soundtrack

The theme music was composed by Osho Venkat The song "Then Thuliyin" was composed by Puneet Dixit, where the karaoke was same in other versions of the series. This song was sung by Aslam and Sukanya (Sa Re Ga Ma Pa singers) and Lyrics by Yougin.

| Thirumathi Hitler | |
| --- | --- |
| Soundtrack album | |
| Released | 14 December 2020 |
| Recorded | 2020 |
| Genre | TV serial soundtrack |
| Language | Tamil |
| Label | Zee Tamil |
| Producer | Puneet Dixit |

Track list
| No. | Title | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Perfect ho" | Osho Venkat | 0:50 |
| 2. | "Paarvaiyil Thithipaa" | Osho Venkat | 1:20 |
| 3. | "Then Thuliyin Vizhiyaa" | Puneet Dixit | 5:00 |

## Special episodes

From 1 March to 18 March 2021, *Thirumathi Hitler* had an arc for AJ's marriage sequences titled *Thirumathi Hitler Thirumana Kondattam*. The wedding scenes were shot in Bangalore and Mysore.

## InfoBox

| *Thirumathi Hitler* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Also known as | Tamil Nadu's youngest mother-in-law |
| Genre | Drama
Romance
Comedy |
| Written by | **Dialogues**
Palanisamy |
| Screenplay by | Pandian Adhimoolam |
| Directed by | S. N. Rajkumar |
| Creative director | A. Abdullah |
| Starring | Keerthana Podhuval
Amit Bhargav |
| Music by | Rakshith. k (background score) |
| Opening theme | "Paarvaiyil Thithipaa" |
| Composer | Puneet Dixit |
| Country of origin | India |
| Original language | Tamil |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 356 |
| Production | |
| Producers | P Chandru
Ayesha Abdullah
Armaan Abdullah |
| Cinematography | Sugaselvan |
| Camera setup | Multi camera |
| Running time | approx. 22-25 minutes per episode |
| Production company | Aayshmaan Production |
| Original release | |
| Network | Zee Tamil |
| Release | 14 December 2020 (2020-12-14)
8 January 2022 (2022-01-08) |


title: Thirumathi Palanisamy

abstract: Thirumathi Palanisamy is a 1992 Indian Tamil-language drama film written and directed by R. Sundarrajan. The film stars Sathyaraj and Sukanya. It was released on 25 October 1992.

text:
# Thirumathi Palanisamy

***Thirumathi Palanisamy*** (transl.Mrs. Palanisamy) is a 1992 Indian Tamil-language drama film written and directed by R. Sundarrajan. The film stars Sathyaraj and Sukanya. It was released on 25 October 1992.

## Plot

Palanisamy is an uneducated man who dreams to marry a teacher and lives with his friend Dhandapani. Palanisamy falls in love with Hamsaveni at first sight. He decides to go to her village Irugur. First reluctant, she finally agrees to marry him, but only under three conditions: to continue to work as a teacher, to live in her hometown and with her father. After the marriage, Palanisamy imposes her three conditions: she must leave her hometown, be a teacher in the city that he has chosen and leave her father. She accepts them and Palanisamy explains the reason for these conditions.

In the past, Palanisamy lived in a village where a don Aandhavar forced the children to work in his fireworks factory. Palanisamy's father was a doctor and tried to save the children; knowing it, Aandhavar killed him. Aandhavar also killed his sister for the only reason that she was educated. Palanisamy asked many teachers to come to his village but everyone refused for fear of Aandhavar. Palanisamy's only hope is now Hamsaveni. What transpires next forms the rest of the story.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

The soundtrack was composed by Ilaiyaraaja. The song "Nadu Samathile" is set in Pahadi raga.

| Song | Singer(s) | Lyrics | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| "Amman Kovil" | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Sundarrajan, Minmini | Vaali | 5:07 |
| "Kuthalakuyile" | Malaysia Vasudevan, Minmini | Gangai Amaran | 5:05 |
| "Nadu Samathile" | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki | Vaali | 5:05 |
| "Othaamal Oru" | S. Janaki, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam | | 6:15 |
| "Paatha Kolusu" | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam | | 5:05 |
| "Rendula Nee Onna Thodu" | S. Janaki, Mano | Gangai Amaran | 5:02 |

## Release and reception

*Thirumathi Palanisamy* was released on 25 October 1992, Diwali day. Malini Mannath of *The Indian Express* gave the film a mixed review citing that "the first half was highly enjoyable and humorous" and she criticised the latter part. C. R. K. of *Kalki* praised the director for the message of the film.

## InfoBox

| Thirumathi Palanisamy | |
| --- | --- |
| Poster | |
| Directed by | R. Sundarrajan |
| Written by | R. Sundarrajan |
| Produced by | Ramanathan |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Rajarajan |
| Edited by | P. Mohanraj |
| Music by | Ilaiyaraaja |
| Production<br>company | Raaj Films International |
| Release date | * 25 October 1992 (1992-10-25) |
| Running time | 140 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Tamil |


title: Thomas M. Franck

abstract: Thomas Martin Franck was a lawyer, law professor, and expert on international law. Franck was the Murry and Ida Becker Professor of Law at New York University and advised many nations on legal matters, even helping some to write their constitutions.

text:
# Thomas M. Franck

**Thomas Martin Franck** (July 14, 1931  May 27, 2009) was a lawyer, law professor, and expert on international law. Franck was the Murry and Ida Becker Professor of Law at New York University and advised many nations on legal matters, even helping some to write their constitutions.

## Early life

Franck was born on July 17, 1931, in Berlin, the son of a Jewish family. In November 1938, his family fled Nazi Germany and spent six months in Switzerland. After being denied visas to emigrate to the United States, the Franck family obtained Canadian visas and moved to Vancouver.

## Academic career

Franck attended the University of British Columbia, where he received his B.A. in 1952 and Bachelor of Laws in 1953. He then began his teaching career as an assistant professor at the University of Nebraska in 1954. He further studied at Harvard University where he received a Master of Laws in 1954 and a Doctor of Juridical Science in 1959. He joined the faculty of New York University in 1957 as an associate professor, becoming a full professor in 1962, and receiving a named chair, as the Murry and Ida Becker Professor of Law in 1988.

Franck published prolifically, as the author or co-author of 31 books. He also held various leadership positions and fellowships. In 1973 and 1982, he received Guggenheim Fellowships. From 1998 to 2000, he served as the president of the American Society of International Law, and in 1965 he served as the first director of the Center for International Studies at NYU. In addition to teaching at NYU, Franck taught as a visiting professor at the University of Cambridge, Stanford University and York University. He was a member of the Whitney R. Harris World Law Institute's International Council.

Franck's work on international law was well respected. David Kennedy, of Brown University, called Franck "the leading American scholar of international law".

### Books

Franck's 31 books covered "a wide range of international issues," starting with his 1960 book *Race and Nationalism: The Struggle for Power in Rhodesia-Nyasaland* and ending with his 2002 book, *Recourse to force : state action against threats and armed attacks*.

In *Race and Nationalism: The Struggle for Power in Rhodesia-Nyasaland*, Franck studied the effect of nationalism on power struggles in Central Africa, based on research during his travels in Rhodesia in 1957. Writing in *International Affairs*, R.C. Pratt decisively criticized the book, calling it "shrill, without sympathetic insight, historical perspective, or understanding" and leading African historian Terence Ranger wrote that the book was "original only when it is inaccurate."

Franck's next major book, *East African Unity Through Law*, was published by Yale University Press in 1965. The book discussed African federalism in depth, and was largely informed by Franck's own experiences as a constitutional consultant for Zanzibar. In the book Franck showed the lack of success up to that time in efforts at transnational federations on the continent, arguing that this was largely the result of former colonial administrators who focused only on the problems of independence and neglected transnational issues. Franck was also critical of the British Commonwealth, and Louis Blom-Cooper wrote in *International Affairs* that Franck's points on the Commonwealth were "mildly prophetic."

In 1968, Franck finished his next book, *A Free Trade Association*, which he co-edited along with Edward Weisband. The book was based on the proceedings of a conference at NYU on a proposed free-trade association consisting of the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, envisioned as an alternative to the European Economic Community. Franck wrote the first chapter, examining the political implications of such an arrangement and argued that the United States needed to stay engaged with Western Europe.

The same year, Franck edited a second book, *Why Federations Fail*, which returned to many of the themes examined in *East African Unity Through Law*. The book examined several cases of failed federation, including a chapter on East Africa by Franck, and concluded with another chapter by Franck on the common themes of federation failure. In his concluding chapter, Franck emphasized the uniqueness of each individual federation, and the difficulty of finding common points, but he went on to conclude that ideological commitment was one of the most important prerequisites for federation.

Franck completed a third book in 1968, *The Structure of Impartiality*. In the book, Franck analyzed the absence of third-party, impartial decision makers in the international system. Franck wrote that "the failure of the international community to develop a system of third-party lawmaking compatible to that of the national community may well prove to be the fatal error of our civilization", and wrote of the many benefits that a third-party decision-making body would bring.

In 1971, Franck again collaborated with Edward Weisband on his next book, *Word Politics: Verbal Strategy Among Superpowers*. The book analyzed the importance of "how statesman \[*sic*\] rationalize their actions", arguing that the cover stories advanced by politicians to disguise acts of aggression had a profound, long-term effect on the international system. In particular, Franck and Weisband argued that the rationales advanced by the superpowers set a precedent for the action of both other major powers and for smaller and less powerful states who then felt it was justified to act as the major powers had. The book combined a theoretical framework for this process with case studies, showing how their theories had been at work in the previous several decades. The two showed, for example, that the United States's Johnson Doctrine used to justify intervention in the Dominican Republic in 1965 was almost identical to the Brezhnev Doctrine used to justify the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia three years later. Robert Jervis, in a review of the book for *Public Opinion Quarterly*, presented a detailed critique of some of the claims in the book, arguing that it overstated the role of words and understated the role of actions. Nonetheless, he concluded that the book made "an important contribution" to scholarship and showed that "words matter much more than realists believe."

## Legacy

Decolonization during the 1950s and 1960 implicated a process of drafting constitutions for the former colonies as they evolved into independent nation states. Franck was involved in developing constitutions for several African nations which were emerging from British rule Sierra Leone and Rhodesia, which is now known as Zimbabwe. He also worked on the constitution of Tanzania which encompassed the former Tanganyika and Zanzibar. He served as legal advisor to the African governments of Chad, Kenya and Mauritius; and in addition, he was a legal advisor to the governments of the Solomon Islands and El Salvador.

## Honors


title: Dvaleti

abstract: Dvaleti was a historical and ethnographic region in medieval Georgia. Territory in the central part of the Greater Caucasus Mountains, between Mamison Pass and Darial Gorge was associated with Dvaleti. According to Vakhusthi Bagrationi territory of Dvaleti included several gorges, namely: Kasris-Kkhevi, Zramaga, Zhghele, Nara Gorge, Zrogo, and Zakha. Some authors also mentioned Trusso Gorge and Magrandvaleti as being part of Dvaleti, while others disagree. Dvaleti was integral part of the Georgian Kingdoms from the 4th to 3rd century BC onward. After the Russian annexation of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti, in 1859 Dvaleti was excluded from the Tiflis Governorate and incorporated into the Terek Oblast. On modern maps historical region Dvaleti can be found in the south of North Ossetia–Alania, Russian Federation.

text:
# Dvaleti

**Dvaleti** (Georgian: დვალეთი; also *Tvaleti - თვალეთი*) was a historical and ethnographic region in medieval Georgia. Territory in the central part of the Greater Caucasus Mountains, between Mamison Pass and Darial Gorge was associated with Dvaleti. According to Vakhusthi Bagrationi territory of Dvaleti included several gorges, namely: Kasris-Kkhevi, Zramaga, Zhghele, Nara Gorge, Zrogo, and Zakha. Some authors also mentioned Trusso Gorge and Magrandvaleti as being part of Dvaleti, while others disagree. Dvaleti was integral part of the Georgian Kingdoms from the 4th to 3rd century BC onward. After the Russian annexation of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti, in 1859 Dvaleti was excluded from the Tiflis Governorate and incorporated into the Terek Oblast. On modern maps historical region Dvaleti can be found in the south of North Ossetia–Alania, Russian Federation.

## History

Christianity spread in Dvaleti from the middle of the 6th century. Later Dvaleti was included in the Episcopal Diocese of Nikozi. Roads from the Transcaucasia to the North Caucasus passed through Dvaleti. In the Middle Ages, the "Road to Dvaleti" was known. The fortification of the Dvaleti valleys from the north was of great importance for Georgia Kingdoms. After the Mongol invasions in 13th century Dvaleti was inhabited by Ossetian refugees from the north. The indigenous population of Dvaleti (Dvalebi), in turn, moved en masse to the south of the Caucasus. Even after the collapse of the unified Kingdom of Georgia in 15th century, Dvaleti was part of the Kingdom of Kartli. At the beginning of the 17th century Dvaleti was ruled by Giorgi Saakadze. Famous Dvali figures include 11th century clergymen: Michael Dvali, John Dvali and Svimon Dvali.According to Johann Anton Güldenstädt In 18 century Dvaletia was an Ossetian province in the upper reaches of the Ardon River

Historical monuments of Dvaleti that survived till modern times include forts built at the headwaters of the rivers Ardon and FiagdonKasris-karma and Khilka. The ruins of Christian temples in the valleys of Zrogo and Mamison (Zhghele)

## InfoBox

| Dvaleti | |
| --- | --- |
| Historical region | |
| Historical map | |
| Map highlighting the historical region of *Dvaleti* in the borders of modern North Ossetia–Alania. | |
| DvaletiDvaleti | |
| Coordinates: 42°40′N 44°00′E / 42.667°N 44.000°E / 42.667; 44.000 | |
| Country | Georgia |


title: Dvand: The Internal Conflict

abstract: Dvand: The Internal Conflict is a 2023 Indian Hindi-language drama film written and directed by Ishtiyak Khan. It stars Ishtiyak Khan, Sanjay Mishra, Vikram Kochhar and Ipshita Chakraborty. It was released theatrically on 29 September 2023.

text:
# Dvand: The Internal Conflict

***Dvand: The Internal Conflict*** is a 2023 Indian Hindi-language drama film written and directed by Ishtiyak Khan. It stars Ishtiyak Khan, Sanjay Mishra, Vikram Kochhar and Ipshita Chakraborty. It was released theatrically on 29 September 2023.

## Cast

## Production

*Dvand: The Internal Conflict* was shot in Jharkhand

## Plot summary

The movie is a comedic adaptation of Shakespeare's play, "Othello," combining elements of humor and adventure.

## Reception

### Critical response

A reviewer of *The Free Press Journal* wrote "However, the internal conflict, competitive and jealousy in the minds of people can be watched at least once to encourage the makers". Ritu Tripati from *India TV* wrote "it definitely feels like it has been drawn forcibly. But if you like realistic acting and down-to-earth characters then you will surely enjoy it". Rahul Chouhan from *Aaj Tak* wrote "If you want to watch a serious 'low' comedy film showing social evils, then you will like 'Dwand The Internal Conflict'". Shikha Yadav from *NDTV* says "Like the story of the film, its direction has also been done well. But at some places the story starts getting a bit slow and boring and looking at some scenes it seems as if an attempt has been made to add them forcefully". Priya Shukla from *News18 India* says "However, at some places the story seems to be lax. There are some scenes which look as if there was no need for this scene. As if it was just added forcefully".

## InfoBox

| Dvand: The Internal Conflict | |
| --- | --- |
| Official release poster | |
| Directed by | Ishtiyak Khan |
| Written by | Ishtiyak Khan |
| Produced by | Vikas Vashistha
Rohandeep Singh |
| Starring | Sanjay Mishra
Ishtiyak Khan |
| Cinematography | Chandra Shekhar Rath |
| Edited by | Sandeep Singh Bajeli |
| Music by | Rohit Sharma |
| Production
companies | Jumping Tomato Studios
Vsquare Films |
| Release date | * 29 September 2023 (2023-09-29) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi |


title: Lioptilodes arequipa

abstract: Lioptilodes arequipa is a species of moth in the genus Lioptilodes known from Peru and Chile. Moths of this species take flight in January and April and have a wingspan of approximately 21 millimetres. The specific name "arequipa" refers to the Arequipa Region, where the Peruvian specimen was collected.

text:
# Lioptilodes arequipa

***Lioptilodes arequipa*** is a species of moth in the genus *Lioptilodes* known from Peru and Chile. Moths of this species take flight in January and April and have a wingspan of approximately 21 millimetres. The specific name "*arequipa*" refers to the Arequipa Region, where the Peruvian specimen was collected.

## InfoBox

| *Lioptilodes arequipa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pterophoridae |
| Genus: | *Lioptilodes* |
| Species: | ***L. arequipa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lioptilodes arequipa***<br>Gielis, 2006 | |
|


title: Ferdinand Peters House

abstract: The Ferdinand Peters House is a historic house in Cold Spring, Minnesota, United States. It was built in 1907 for one of three co-owners of the Cold Spring Brewing Company. The Ferdinand Peters House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 for its local significance in the themes of architecture and industry. It was co-nominated with the other two Cold Spring Brewers' Houses, the Eugene Hermanutz and John Oster Houses. Their importance derives from representing industrial entrepreneurship, for their status as Cold Spring's finest houses, and for being the most intact surviving buildings associated with Stearns County's important brewing industry.

text:
# Ferdinand Peters House

The **Ferdinand Peters House** is a historic house in Cold Spring, Minnesota, United States. It was built in 1907 for one of three co-owners of the Cold Spring Brewing Company. The Ferdinand Peters House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 for its local significance in the themes of architecture and industry. It was co-nominated with the other two Cold Spring Brewers' Houses, the Eugene Hermanutz and John Oster Houses. Their importance derives from representing industrial entrepreneurship, for their status as Cold Spring's finest houses, and for being the most intact surviving buildings associated with Stearns County's important brewing industry.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Ferdinand Peters House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| The Ferdinand Peters House viewed from the southwest | |
|  | |
| Location | 214 N. Red River Avenue,<br>Cold Spring, Minnesota |
| Coordinates | 45°27′32″N 94°25′43″W / 45.45889°N 94.42861°W / 45.45889; -94.42861 |
| Area | Less than one acre |
| Built | 1907 |
| MPS | Cold Spring Brewers' Houses TR |
| NRHP reference No. | 82003042 |
| Added to NRHP | April 15, 1982 |


title: Bray Productions

abstract: Bray Productions was a pioneering American animation studio that produced several popular cartoons during the years of World War I and the early interwar era, becoming a springboard for several key animators of the 20th century, including the Fleischer brothers, Walter Lantz, Paul Terry, Shamus Culhane and Grim Natwick among others.

text:
# Bray Productions

**Bray Productions** was a pioneering American animation studio that produced several popular cartoons during the years of World War I and the early interwar era, becoming a springboard for several key animators of the 20th century, including the Fleischer brothers, Walter Lantz, Paul Terry, Shamus Culhane and Grim Natwick among others.

## History

The studio was founded sometime before 1912 by John Randolph Bray. It was perhaps one of the first studios entirely devoted to serial animation at the time instead of one-off experiments. Its first series was Bray's *Colonel Heeza Liar*, but from the beginning, the studio brought in outsiders to direct promising new series. Carl Anderson, later known for the comic strip *Henry*, directed *The Police Dog* from the beginning of the company.

The year 1915 brought Earl Hurd and Paul Terry; the former became J. R. Bray's business partner and directed *Bobby Bumps*, the latter was employed under duress and directed *Farmer Al Falfa*. The brothers Max and Dave Fleischer joined in 1916. In 1918, the rival International Film Service studio folded and owner William Randolph Hearst licensed Bray to continue the IFS series, which included *Jerry on the Job* films adapted from Walter Hoban's comic strip. Many staff members of the former studio transferred to Bray, and most of the new cartoons were directed by the same man who directed them for IFS, Gregory La Cava.

Bray's goal was to have four units working on four cartoons at any one time; since it took a month to complete a film, four units with staggered schedules produced one cartoon a week for use of the "screen magazines" (a one-reel collection of live-action didactic pieces and travelogs in addition to the cartoon, that was played before the feature). Bray started with Pathé as his distributor, switched to Paramount in 1916, and then switched to Goldwyn Pictures in 1919.

Of the units, one produced his *Colonel Heeza Liar*, one produced Hurd's *Bobby Bumps*, and one produced non-series cartoons, usually topical commentaries on the news directed by Leighton Budd, J. D. Leventhal, and others. The fourth unit was the one that kept changing hands. It produced Terry's *Farmer Al Falfa* in 1916, until Terry left a year later, and the Farmer went with him. It then produced Max Fleischer's *Out of the Inkwell* until 1921, when Fleischer left, taking Koko the Clown with him. The influx of IFS series at the same time broke up the four-unit system — in 1920 there were ten series going simultaneously, with *Heeza Liar* in hiatus from 1917.

Bray was constantly looking to expand his studio. He financed the semi-independent studio of C. Allen Gilbert to create a series of serious *Silhouette Fantasies* on classical themes (he actually did some of the animation work for this series). In 1917 he bought out his distributor's screen magazine to produce one of his own, moving him into the realm of live-action shorts producer. During World War I, he assigned Leventhal and Max Fleischer's units to create training and educational cartoons for the U.S. Army. These did so well that after the war, Bray was swamped with orders from the government and big business to make films for them.

Over a period of years, Bray moved the focus of his company from entertainment to education, putting Leventhal and E. Dean Parmelee in charge of the technical department. Dr. Rowland Rogers became educational director, while Jamison "Jam" Handy was put in charge of a ChicagoDetroit branch for creating films for the auto industry, Bray's largest private client.

The 1919 move from Paramount to Goldwyn also included a re-incorporation of the studio, now called Bray Pictures Corporation. The studio was putting out more than three reels of screen magazines per week, as well as educational and training films. Bray Pictures also made the first cartoon made in color, *The Debut of Thomas Cat*, shot in Brewster Color and released on February 8, 1920 (although some claim the first animated short was the British *In Gollywog Land*, a stop motion/live-action hybrid shot in Kinemacolor and made in 1912 or the animation/live-action hybrid *Pinto's Prizma Comedy Revue* made by Pinto Colvig in 1919 and shot in the Prizma process) and was apparently involved in an unnamed sound-on-film cartoon by Walt Lantz (co-producer/director) and Hugo Riesenfeld (composer) in 1927 for Movietone, in between the releases of *Don Juan* and *The Jazz Singer* and coincidentally shortly before Bray Pictures' demise.

The expenses quickly outweighed the revenue, and in January 1920, Samuel Goldwyn bought a controlling interest in Bray Pictures and ordered a massive reorganization. Max Fleischer and J. D. Leventhal became supervising directors of the entertainment and technical branches of the studio respectively, and the company was streamlined to work more like Goldwyn Picture Corporation, with two cartoons released a week, which meant a much bigger workload than most were willing to take.

The result was a massive exodus of talent, including Max Fleischer and even Earl Hurd, which also led to an increasingly poor output which led Goldwyn to drop Bray Pictures. In the wake of this setback, Vernon Stallings took over as Bray's entertainment production supervisor, being replaced by Walter Lantz by 1924. Stallings directed *Krazy Kat* and the revival of *Heeza Liar*, while Lantz directed *Dinky Doodle*. Among the big names who passed through the studio were Wallace Carlson, Milt Gross, Frank Moser, Burt Gillett, Grim Natwick, Raoul Barré, Pat Sullivan, Jack King, David Hand, Clyde Geronimi and Shamus Culhane.

J.R. Bray paid little attention to the animation side of things during the 1920s, focusing instead on beating Hal Roach as the king of two-reel comedy, with the disastrous series "The McDougall Alley Kids". When this adventure failed, he slipped out of the business. Meanwhile, Walter Lantz practically became a full-fledged producer as head of the cartoon division, with some trade publications referring to the studio as "Lantz-Bray" by the time the entertainment branch of Bray Pictures Corporation closed in 1928. The educational/commercial branch, Brayco, made mostly filmstrips from the 1920s until it closed in 1963. The Jam Handy Organization began life as a subsidiary of Bray Studios to fulfill its business contracts, making several thousand industrial and sponsored films and tens of thousands of filmstrips, mostly for the automobile industry, as an independent entity from 1928 until 1983. Max Fleischer, after being ousted from his own studio in the early 1940s, worked for Handy and later on Brayco in the 1940s and 1950s.

## Series produced by Bray Productions

* *Colonel Heeza Liar* (1913–1917, 1922–1924): directed by J. R. Bray 1913–1917; Vernon Stallings 1922–1924
* *The Police Dog* (1914–1916, 1918): directed by C. T. Anderson
* *The Trick Kids* (1916): directed by Alexander Leggett
* *Plastiques* (1916): directed by Ashley Miller
* *Bobby Bumps* (1916–1922): directed by Earl Hurd
* *Farmer Al Falfa* (1916–1917): directed by Paul Terry
* *Silhouette Fantasies* (1916): directed by C. Allen Gilbert
* *Miss Nanny Goat* (1916–1917): directed by Clarence Rigby
* *Quacky Doodles* (1917): directed by F.M. Follett
* *Picto Puzzles* (1917): Sam Lloyd
* *Otto Luck* (1917): directed by Wallace A. Carlson
* *Goodrich Dirt* (1917–1919): directed by Wallace A. Carlson
* *Out of the Inkwell* (1918–1921): directed by Max Fleischer and Dave Fleischer
* *Hardrock Dome* (1919): directed by Pat Sullivan
* *Us Fellers* (1919–1920): directed by Wallace A. Carlson
* *Jerry on the Job* (1919–1922): directed by Gregory La Cava, Vernon Stallings, (Inherited from International Film Service)
* *Lampoons* (1920): directed by Burt Gillett
* *Ginger Snaps* (1920): directed by Milt Gross
* *Shenanigan Kids* (1920): directed by Gregory La Cava, Burt Gillett, and Grim Natwick (Inherited from International Film Service)
* *Krazy Kat* (1920–1921): directed by Vernon Stallings (Inherited from International Film Service)
* *Happy Hooligan* (1920–1921): directed by Gregory La Cava, Bill Nolan (Inherited from International Film Service)
* *Judge Rummy* (1920–21): directed by Gregory La Cava, Burt Gillett, Grim Natwick and Jack King (Inherited from International Film Service)
* *Technical Romances* (1922–1923): directed by J.A. Norling, Ashley Miller, and F. Lyle Goldman
* *Ink Ravings* (1922–1923): directed by Milt Gross
* *Bray Magazine* (1922–1923): directed by Milt Gross
* *Dinky Doodle* (1924–1926): directed by Walter Lantz
* *Un-Natural History* (1925–1927): directed by Walter Lantz and Clyde Geronimi
* *Hot Dog Cartoons* (1926–1927): directed by Walter Lantz and Clyde Geronimi
* *A McDougall Alley Comedy* (1926–1928): directed by Joe Rock, Stan DeLay and Robert Wilcox

## InfoBox

Bray Productions
|
|  |
| Company type | Animation |
| Industry | Motion pictures |
| Predecessor | Emile Cohl Pictures |
| Founded | 1912 (1912) |
| Founder | John Randolph Bray |
| Defunct | 1928 (1928) |
| Fate | Bankruptcy |
| Successor | Walter Lantz Productions
Bolivar Productions
Out of the Inkwell Studios |
| Headquarters | New York, United States |
| Key people | John Randolph Bray
Earl Hurd
Paul Terry
Max Fleischer
Dave Fleischer
Walter Lantz |
| Owner | John Randolph Bray |


title: KSMJ-LP

abstract: KSMJ-LP is a low-power FM radio station licensed to Edmond, Oklahoma, United States. The station is currently owned by Oklahoma Fellowship Of Catholic Men.

text:
# KSMJ-LP

**KSMJ-LP** (100.9 FM) is a low-power FM radio station licensed to Edmond, Oklahoma, United States. The station is currently owned by Oklahoma Fellowship Of Catholic Men.

## History

The station call sign KSMJ-LP on February 21, 2014.

## InfoBox

KSMJ-LP
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Oklahoma City, Oklahoma |
| Frequency | 100.9 MHz |
| Branding | Oklahoma Catholic Broadcasting |
| Programming | |
| Format | Catholic Religious |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Oklahoma Fellowship Of Catholic Men |
| History | |
| First air date | 2016 |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 194312 |
| Class | LP1 |
| ERP | 22 watts |
| HAAT | 63 meters (207 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 35°38′52″N 97°29′46″W / 35.64778°N 97.49611°W / 35.64778; -97.49611 |
| Links | |
| Public license information | LMS |
| Website | http://www.okcr.org/ |


title: Sport toplumy (Daşoguz)

abstract: Sport Toplumy Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Daşoguz, Turkmenistan. It is currently used mostly for football matches and serves as the home stadium for FC Daşoguz. The stadium holds 10,000 people.

text:
# Sport toplumy (Daşoguz)

**Sport Toplumy Stadium** is a multi-purpose stadium in Daşoguz, Turkmenistan. It is currently used mostly for football matches and serves as the home stadium for FC Daşoguz. The stadium holds 10,000 people.

## History

The sports complex, which is spread over 13 hectares, opened in 2010. There are spectator stands which are designed for 10,000 people, as well as, treadmills laid around the football field for athletes. The sports complex offers facilities for various sports. It features an indoor swimming pool, rooms for volleyball, basketball, boxing and Turkmen national wrestling göreş. Also, there are open areas for mini-football, volleyball, basketball courts and two tennis courts. There is a sportswear and souvenir shop and a hotel with 50 seats for athletes and guests.

On June 16, 2015 the stadium held a 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifying match between Turkmenistan and Iran, which ended in a 1–1 tie. The match also marked the first time that the national team hosted a game outside of the capital, Ashgabat.

## InfoBox

Sport Toplumy Stadium
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Dashoguz, Turkmenistan |
| Coordinates | 41°49′34″N 59°56′04″E / 41.826109°N 59.934573°E / 41.826109; 59.934573 |
| Owner | Dashoguz city Administration |
| Capacity | 10,000 |
| Record attendance | 10,000 (Turkmenistan vs Iran, 17 June 2015) |
| Surface | Grass |
| Opened | 2010 |
| Tenants | |
| FC Daşoguz<br>Turkmenistan national football team | |


title: Electric Building (Fort Worth, Texas)

abstract: The Electric Building is an 18-story Art Deco and Spanish Renaissance styled building located in downtown Fort Worth, Texas. The building currently houses apartments with the ground floor used for retail stores.

text:
# Electric Building (Fort Worth, Texas)

The **Electric Building** is an 18-story Art Deco and Spanish Renaissance styled building located in downtown Fort Worth, Texas. The building currently houses apartments with the ground floor used for retail stores.

## History

Construction on the building began in December 1927. Architect Wyatt C. Hedrick was chosen to design the building. The building also housed the Texas Electric Service Company and the Hollywood Theater. In 1929 a six-story annex was constructed on an adjoining lot.

Interfirst Bank purchased the building in 1974. After closing the Hollywood Theater in 1976, it was remodeled as a banking facility.

The building was purchased by Robert Bass in 1984. In 1994 Bass converted the building into an apartment complex.

In 2009 it was purchased by Atlas Properties, and in 2016 Tradewind Properties of Houston purchased the building from Atlas.

It was added to the National Register in 1995.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Electric Building | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Electric Building in 2022 | |
| Electric BuildingElectric Building | |
| Location | 410 W. 7th St.,<br>Fort Worth, Texas |
| Coordinates | 32°45′5″N 97°19′58″W / 32.75139°N 97.33278°W / 32.75139; -97.33278 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1927 (1927) |
| Architect | Wyatt C. Hedrick, et al. |
| Architectural style | Art Deco, Three-part vertical block |
| NRHP reference No. | 95000048 |
| Added to NRHP | February 10, 1995 |


title: Claudio Ciccia

abstract: Claudio Fabian Ciccia Ourdin is a former Uruguay football player who played for Alajuelense and Cartaginés in the Costa Rican Primera Division.

text:
# Claudio Ciccia

**Claudio Fabian Ciccia Ourdin** (born 11 April 1972) is a former Uruguay football player who played for Alajuelense and Cartaginés in the Costa Rican Primera Division.

## Playing career

### Club

He made his debut in Costa Rican Primera División back in 1999 with Municipal Puntarenas, he soon become part of the usuals at the starting line-up and one of the most claimed players, so he was transferred a few months later to one of the two most important teams in that country.

Ciccia shares the record for most goals scored in the Costa Rican Primera, notching 41 goals for Cartaginés during the 2002–03 season.

## Managerial career

After retiring, Ciccia became sports director at Cartaginés and became caretaker manager in 2014 after Javier Delgado quit. He later replaced Enrique Meza jr. at the helm in March 2015.

## Personal life

Ciccia is married to Fabiana and they have three children.

* – Nación (in Spanish)

## InfoBox

Claudio Ciccia
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Claudio Fabian Ciccia Ourdin | | |
| Date of birth | (1972-04-11) 11 April 1972 | | |
| Place of birth | Montevideo, Uruguay | | |
| Height | 1.84 m (6 ft 12 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1993–1996 | Liverpool |  |  |
| 1996 | Alianza |  |  |
| 1998 | Deportivo Municipal |  |  |
| 1999 | Deportivo Maldonado |  |  |
| 1999–2000 | Municipal Puntarenas | 16 | (5) |
| 2000–2002 | Alajuelense | 37 | (14) |
| 2002–2004 | Cartaginés |  |  |
| 2004 | Real España |  |  |
| 2005 | Cartaginés |  |  |
| 2005 | Juventud de Las Piedras |  |  |
| 2006 | Chioggia |  |  |
| 2007 | Burjassot |  |  |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2014 | Cartaginés | | |
| 2015 | Cartaginés | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Chawridge Bourne

abstract: Chawridge Bourne is a 9.4-hectare (23-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Berkshire, England Part of the site is a 5-hectare (12-acre) nature reserve called Chawridge Bank, which is managed by the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust.

text:
# Chawridge Bourne

**Chawridge Bourne** is a 9.4-hectare (23-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Berkshire, England Part of the site is a 5-hectare (12-acre) nature reserve called **Chawridge Bank**, which is managed by the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust.

## Etymology

The name *Chawridge* is first attested in a charter of 942, which includes the Old English phrase "on ceawan hrycges hagan" ("to the enclosure of Ceawa's ridge"), where *Ceawa* is a personal name attested only here and in the place-names *East* and *West Challow*. As well as, appearing in *Chawridge Bourne*, the name also appears in the neighbouring sites of Chawridge Manor Farm, Charriage Lane, Chawridge Mead, and Chawridge Gorse.

## Ecology

This linear site is named after the stream called Chawridge Bourne, which runs through it. Half of it is unimproved grassland, which is managed by sheep grazing. There are also areas of scrub and broadleaved woodland. On the east side there is an ancient parish boundary hedge which has diverse tree flora.

### Fauna

The site has the following animals

#### Mammals

#### Birds

#### Invertebrates

### Flora

The site has the following flora:

#### Trees

#### Plants

## InfoBox

Chawridge Bourne
| Site of Special Scientific Interest | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location within Berkshire | |
| Location | Berkshire |
| Grid reference | SU 894 736 |
| Coordinates | 51°27′18″N 00°42′54″W / 51.45500°N 0.71500°W / 51.45500; -0.71500 |
| Interest | Biological |
| Area | 9.4 hectares (23 acres) |
| Notification | 1983 |
| Location map | *Magic Map* |


title: Collpacaja (Melgar)

abstract: Collpacaja is a mountain in the southern extensions of the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high. The mountain is situated in the Puno Region, Melgar Province, Nuñoa District. Collpacaja lies south of the mountain Yanacocha. West of it there is a small lake named Quellhuacocha.

text:
# Collpacaja (Melgar)

**Collpacaja** (possibly from Quechua *qullpa* salty, salpeter, *qaqa* rock, "salpeter rock") is a mountain in the southern extensions of the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high. The mountain is situated in the Puno Region, Melgar Province, Nuñoa District. Collpacaja lies south of the mountain Yanacocha. West of it there is a small lake named Quellhuacocha ("gull lake").

## InfoBox

| Collpacaja | |
| --- | --- |
| CollpacajaPeru | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 5,000 m (16,000 ft) |
| Coordinates | 14°11′07″S 70°38′27″W / 14.18528°S 70.64083°W / -14.18528; -70.64083 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Peru, Puno Region |
| Parent range | Andes, Vilcanota |


title: This Way of Life

abstract: This Way of Life is a New Zealand documentary film about a horse breeding family living in the wild near the Ruahine Ranges, resisting the call to a more "modern" lifestyle. It was directed by Thomas Burstyn and produced by Barbara Sumner-Burstyn. It opened theatrically in Vancouver on 3 October 2009 at the Vancouver International Film Festival; in Seattle on 11 June 2010 at the Seattle International Film Festival, and in New York City on 30 July 2010. It opened in Los Angeles on 6 August 2010 at the 14th Annual DocuWeeks. This Way of Life made the 2011 Oscar Documentary long list.

text:
# This Way of Life

***This Way of Life*** is a New Zealand documentary film about a horse breeding family living in the wild near the Ruahine Ranges, resisting the call to a more "modern" lifestyle. It was directed by Thomas Burstyn and produced by Barbara Sumner-Burstyn.

It opened theatrically in Vancouver on 3 October 2009 at the Vancouver International Film Festival; in Seattle on 11 June 2010 at the Seattle International Film Festival, and in New York City on 30 July 2010. It opened in Los Angeles on 6 August 2010 at the 14th Annual DocuWeeks.

*This Way of Life* made the 2011 Oscar Documentary long list.

## Cast

* Peter Ottley-Karena
* Colleen Ottley-Karena
* Llewelyn Ottley-Karena
* Aurora Ottley-Karena
* Malachi Ottley-Karena
* Elias Ottley-Karena
* Corban Ottley-Karena
* Salem Ottley-Karena

## InfoBox

| This Way of Life | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Thomas Burstyn |
| Produced by | Barbara Sumner-Burstyn |
| Cinematography | Thomas Burstyn |
| Edited by | Cushla Dillon |
| Music by | Joel Haines |
| Production<br>company | Cloud South Films |
| Release date | * 3 October 2009 (2009-10-03) (VIFF) |
| Running time | 88 minutes |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Language | English |


title: Songe, Kilindi

abstract: Songe is an administrative ward in Kilindi District of Tanga Region in Tanzania. The ward covers an area of 90 km⁲ (35 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 1,272 m (4,173 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 14,801.

text:
# Songe, Kilindi

**Songe** is an administrative ward in Kilindi District of Tanga Region in Tanzania. The ward covers an area of 90 km2 (35 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 1,272 m (4,173 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 14,801.

## InfoBox

| Songe *Kata ya Songe* (Swahili) | |
| --- | --- |
| Ward | |
| Kata ya Songe, Wilaya ya Kilindi | |
| Songe | |
| Coordinates: 5°34′59.88″S 37°21′0″E / 5.5833000°S 37.35000°E / -5.5833000; 37.35000 | |
| Country | Tanzania |
| Region | Tanga Region |
| District | Kilindi District |
| Area | |
| Total | 90 km2 (30 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,272 m (4,173 ft) |
| Population (2012) | |
| Total | 14,801 |
| Density | 160/km2 (430/sq mi) |
| Ethnic groups | |
| Settler | Swahili |
| Ancestral | Nguu |
| Tanzanian Postal Code | 21901 |