title: Farmout agreement

abstract:
In the oil and gas industry, a farmout agreement is an agreement entered into by the owner of one or more mineral leases, called the "farmor", and another company who wishes to obtain a percentage of ownership of that lease or leases in exchange for providing services, called the "farmee." The typical service described in farmout agreements is the drilling of one or more oil and/or gas wells. A farmout agreement differs from a conventional transaction between two oil and gas lessees, because the primary consideration is the rendering of services, rather than the simple exchange of money. Farmout agreements typically provide that the farmor will assign the defined quantum of interest in the lease(s) to the farmee upon the farmee finishing: (1) the drilling of an oil and/or gas well to the defined depth or formation, or (2) drilling of an oil and/or gas well and the obtaining of commercially viable production levels.
Farmout Agreements are the second most commonly negotiated agreements in the oil and gas industry, behind the oil and gas lease.
For the farmor, the reasons for entering into a farmout agreement include obtaining production, sharing risk, and obtaining geological information. Farmees often enter into farmout agreements to obtain an acreage position, or because they need to use underutilized personnel or share risks, or because they desire to obtain geological information. A farmout agreement differs from its sister agreement, the purchase and sale agreement (PSA), in that the PSA addresses an exchange of money or debt for immediate transfer of assets, whereas the farmout agreement addresses an exchange of services for a transfer of assets. Further, the transfer often occurs on a later date, such as the date when the 'earning barrier' has been met.

text:
# Farmout agreement

In the oil and gas industry, a **farmout agreement** is an agreement entered into by the owner of one or more mineral leases, called the "farmor", and another company who wishes to obtain a percentage of ownership of that lease or leases in exchange for providing services, called the "farmee." The typical service described in farmout agreements is the drilling of one or more oil and/or gas wells. A farmout agreement differs from a conventional transaction between two oil and gas lessees, because the primary consideration is the rendering of services, rather than the simple exchange of money.

Farmout agreements typically provide that the farmor will assign the defined quantum of interest in the lease(s) to the farmee upon the farmee finishing: (1) the drilling of an oil and/or gas well to the defined depth or formation, or (2) drilling of an oil and/or gas well and the obtaining of commercially viable production levels. Farmout Agreements are the second most commonly negotiated agreements in the oil and gas industry, behind the oil and gas lease. For the farmor, the reasons for entering into a farmout agreement include obtaining production, sharing risk, and obtaining geological information. Farmees often enter into farmout agreements to obtain an acreage position, or because they need to use underutilized personnel or share risks, or because they desire to obtain geological information.

A farmout agreement differs from its sister agreement, the purchase and sale agreement (PSA), in that the PSA addresses an exchange of money or debt for immediate transfer of assets, whereas the farmout agreement addresses an exchange of services for a transfer of assets. Further, the transfer often occurs on a later date, such as the date when the 'earning barrier' has been met.


title: Bolo Township, Jomda County

abstract: Bolo Township is a township in Jomda County, Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Bolo Township spans an area of 1,043.77 square kilometres (403.00 sq mi), and has a population of 8,135 as of 2018.

text:
# Bolo Township, Jomda County

**Bolo Township** (སྤོ་, simplified Chinese: 波罗乡; traditional Chinese: 波羅鄉; pinyin: *Bōluó Xiāng*) is a township in Jomda County, Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Bolo Township spans an area of 1,043.77 square kilometres (403.00 sq mi), and has a population of 8,135 as of 2018.

## Administrative divisions

Bolo Township is divided into eight administrative villages.

* Guse Village (Chinese: 古色村)
* Chongsang Village (Chinese: 冲桑村)
* Waichong Village (Chinese: 外冲村)
* Adang Village (Chinese: 阿当村)
* Reduo Village (Chinese: 热多村)
* Epeng Village (Chinese: 俄彭村)
* Ningba Village (Chinese: 宁巴村)
* Bogong Village (Chinese: 波公村)

## Culture

Tibetan woodblock printing reportedly has its origins in a village in Bolo Township. The village has 60 woodblock artists who practice woodblock printing for more than eight months per year. The village's artists state that the art has been practiced in their village for over 300 years.

1. 中国县域统计年鉴·2019（乡镇卷） (in Chinese). Beijing: 中国统计出版社, 国家统计局农村社会经济调查司. May 2020. p. 599. ISBN 9787503791390.
2. 2019年统计用区划代码 (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2019. Archived from the original on 2020-09-29. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
3. 2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码 (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2019. Archived from the original on 2020-09-29. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
4. "Tibetan woodblock art preserved in remote village". *en.chinaculture.org*. 2020-09-24. Archived from the original on 2020-09-29. Retrieved 2020-09-29.

## InfoBox

| Bolo Township 波罗乡སྤོ | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Bolo Township | |
| Coordinates: 31°11′37″N 98°35′52″E / 31.19361°N 98.59778°E / 31.19361; 98.59778 | |
| Country | China |
| Autonomous region | Tibet |
| Prefecture-level city | Chamdo |
| County | Jomda County |
| Area | |
| Total | 1,043.77 km2 (403.00 sq mi) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 8,135 |
| Density | 7.8/km2 (20/sq mi) |


title: Sybra puncticollis

abstract: Sybra puncticollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pascoe in 1865.

text:
# Sybra puncticollis

***Sybra puncticollis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pascoe in 1865.

## InfoBox

| *Sybra puncticollis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Sybra* |
| Species: | ***S. puncticollis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Sybra puncticollis***<br>(Pascoe, 1865) | |
|


title: Sally Meyer

abstract: Sally, Sally Meyer or just Meyer was a silent movie slapstick character played by Ernst Lubitsch, before he moved to Hollywood. The character was an antisemitic satire of a Jewish businessman. Meyer was portrayed as a stereotypical Jew who cannot be trusted and haggles about everything. He is also adulterous towards his wife. When Ernst Lubitsch first became involved in the film industry, he starred in slapstick comedies which poked fun at Jewish stereotypes. He performed these roles as an actor in such films as Die Firma heiratet (1914), Der Stolz der Firma (1914), Schuhpalast Pinkus (1916), Der schwarze Moritz (1916). In Shoe Palace Pinkus (1916) Lubitsch first performed as a character named "Sally Pinkus", a Jewish boy who prefers being lazy and acting as a class clown instead of working for school. He cheats on his tests and chases girls. Der Fall Rosentopf (1918) featured the character Sally once again. He was named Sally Meyer in the film Meyer aus Berlin (1918), which is the official debut of the character. During the First World War and during the 1920s the character was very popular, especially in Germany, where the films were made. Most films were only four reels long. After Lubitsch moved to Hollywood, he stopped making films about the character. Today the films about Meyer are almost forgotten, also due to the controversial antisemitism in the storylines. For many years the film Meyer aus Berlin was thought to be lost, but it was discovered in Dutch film archives under the title Sally geht auf Reisen.

text:
# Sally Meyer

**Sally**, **Sally Meyer** or just **Meyer** was a silent movie slapstick character played by Ernst Lubitsch, before he moved to Hollywood. The character was an antisemitic satire of a Jewish businessman.

Meyer was portrayed as a stereotypical Jew who cannot be trusted and haggles about everything. He is also adulterous towards his wife.

When Ernst Lubitsch first became involved in the film industry, he starred in slapstick comedies which poked fun at Jewish stereotypes. He performed these roles as an actor in such films as *Die Firma heiratet* (1914), *Der Stolz der Firma* (1914), *Schuhpalast Pinkus* (1916), *Der schwarze Moritz* (1916). In *Shoe Palace Pinkus* (1916) Lubitsch first performed as a character named "Sally Pinkus", a Jewish boy who prefers being lazy and acting as a class clown instead of working for school. He cheats on his tests and chases girls. *Der Fall Rosentopf* (1918) featured the character Sally once again. He was named Sally Meyer in the film *Meyer aus Berlin* (1918), which is the official debut of the character.

During the First World War and during the 1920s the character was very popular, especially in Germany, where the films were made. Most films were only four reels long. After Lubitsch moved to Hollywood, he stopped making films about the character.

Today the films about Meyer are almost forgotten, also due to the controversial antisemitism in the storylines. For many years the film *Meyer aus Berlin* was thought to be lost, but it was discovered in Dutch film archives under the title *Sally geht auf Reisen*.


title: Schwarzach, Vorarlberg

abstract: Schwarzach is a municipality in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.

text:
# Schwarzach, Vorarlberg

**Schwarzach** is a municipality in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 689 |  |
| 1880 | 800 | +16.1% |
| 1890 | 883 | +10.4% |
| 1900 | 995 | +12.7% |
| 1910 | 1,084 | +8.9% |
| 1923 | 967 | −10.8% |
| 1934 | 961 | −0.6% |
| 1939 | 967 | +0.6% |
| 1951 | 1,339 | +38.5% |
| 1961 | 1,780 | +32.9% |
| 1971 | 2,374 | +33.4% |
| 1981 | 3,084 | +29.9% |
| 1991 | 3,122 | +1.2% |
| 2001 | 3,373 | +8.0% |
| 2011 | 3,690 | +9.4% |

## Transport

Schwarzach in Vorarlberg railway station is an intermediate station on the Vorarlberg railway line (*Vorarlbergbahn*) traversing Vorarlberg in a nort-south direction. The railway station is called at by the S1 and R5 regional train services of Vorarlberg S-Bahn, operated by Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB).

## InfoBox

| Schwarzach | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location in the district | |
| SchwarzachLocation within Austria | |
| Coordinates: 47°25′00″N 09°45′00″E / 47.41667°N 9.75000°E / 47.41667; 9.75000 | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Vorarlberg |
| District | Bregenz |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Thomas Schierle (FÜR Schwarzach) |
| Area | |
| Total | 4.91 km2 (1.90 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 433 m (1,421 ft) |
| Population (2018-01-01) | |
| Total | 3,949 |
| Density | 800/km2 (2,100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 6858 |
| Area code | 05572 |
| Vehicle registration |  |
| Website | www.schwarzach.at |


title: Radio Gaga

abstract: Radio Gaga is a comic strip created by the Norwegian humourist "Flis". The series started in 2001, and is about characters who run a local radio station called Radio Gaga. Although the action takes place in the radio environment, it is mostly about the somewhat eccentric characters, and not so much about radio. Since 2008 it was published in the Pondus magazine, and in the newspapers Aftenposten and Nordlys, as well as in a number of smaller publications.

text:
# Radio Gaga

***Radio Gaga*** is a comic strip created by the Norwegian humourist "Flis" (Øyvind Sagåsen).

The series started in 2001, and is about characters who run a local radio station called Radio Gaga. Although the action takes place in the radio environment, it is mostly about the somewhat eccentric characters, and not so much about radio. Since 2008 it was published in the *Pondus* magazine, and in the newspapers *Aftenposten* and *Nordlys*, as well as in a number of smaller publications.


title: Buridan's Ass (Fargo)

abstract: "Buridan's Ass" is the sixth episode of the first season of the FX anthology series Fargo. The episode aired on May 20, 2014 in the United States on FX. It was written by series creator and showrunner Noah Hawley and directed by Colin Bucksey. The title refers to the paradox in logic known as Buridan's ass. In the episode, Lorne Malvo, police officers Molly Solverson and Gus Grimly, and hitmen Mr. Wrench and Mr. Numbers all end up involved in a chaotic and deadly shootout in the middle of a snow storm. Meanwhile, Lester Nygaard tries to implicate someone else for the murders of his wife and Chief Thurman, while Stavros Milos' torments come to an unforeseen conclusion. "Buridan's Ass" was very well received by critics and was seen by 1.80 million viewers. It was nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards, winning Outstanding Directing for a Limited Series, Movie, or Dramatic Special for Bucksey.

text:
# Buridan's Ass (Fargo)

"**Buridan's Ass**" is the sixth episode of the first season of the FX anthology series *Fargo*. The episode aired on May 20, 2014 in the United States on FX. It was written by series creator and showrunner Noah Hawley and directed by Colin Bucksey. The title refers to the paradox in logic known as Buridan's ass.

In the episode, Lorne Malvo (Billy Bob Thornton), police officers Molly Solverson (Allison Tolman) and Gus Grimly (Colin Hanks), and hitmen Mr. Wrench (Russell Harvard) and Mr. Numbers (Adam Goldberg) all end up involved in a chaotic and deadly shootout in the middle of a snow storm. Meanwhile, Lester Nygaard (Martin Freeman) tries to implicate someone else for the murders of his wife and Chief Thurman, while Stavros Milos' (Oliver Platt) torments come to an unforeseen conclusion.

"Buridan's Ass" was very well received by critics and was seen by 1.80 million viewers. It was nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards, winning Outstanding Directing for a Limited Series, Movie, or Dramatic Special for Bucksey.

## Plot

Lorne Malvo has Don Chumph place the call to Stavros, who has the money ready for the drop. Malvo knocks Chumph unconscious and duct tapes him to an exercise bench in the entry way of his house. He also duct tapes an unloaded shotgun to his hands and proceeds to fire randomly into the neighborhood with another gun. Malvo quickly exits via the back door before police arrive. They are duped into firing upon and then storming the house, killing Chumph who is struggling wildly to get free of his bonds.

Molly Solverson is visiting Gus Grimly in Duluth to discuss the recent murders when gunshots are reported. At the scene they find a car wreck that Numbers and Wrench staged to trap Malvo. Numbers and Wrench then attack with automatic weapons; Malvo escapes the ambush and captures and tortures Numbers to tell him who sent them. Numbers replies, "Fargo" before Malvo fatally slits his throat. Gus, seeing an unknown silhouette in the snow, accidentally shoots Molly.

Meanwhile, Stavros goes back to the roadside where he originally found the briefcase of cash, and buries the blackmail money there, believing God has been punishing him. Feeling God's forgiveness, Stavros calls his bodyguard to bring his son, Dmitri, home from the remote hideout he was staying at. The stormy weather clears, but not before fish fall out of the sky in a freak occurrence caused by the storm, causing the bodyguard to flip the car, killing himself and Dmitri, a scene that Stavros happens upon on his drive home.

Back in Bemidji, Lester Nygaard manages to sneak out of the hospital, stealing a car. He takes the murder weapon, some photos of his wife, and a pair of her panties from his house, hides everything in his brother Chazz's hidden gun cabinet, and places one of his brother's handguns in his nephew Gordo's backpack, to ensure the police will search Chazz's house. As he leaves the house, Gordo sees him, but does not react. Lester then returns undetected to his hospital room, where a satisfied smile slowly creeps across his face.

## Reception

### Ratings

The episode was first aired in the US on FX on May 20, 2014 and obtained 1.80 million viewers. The show was aired in the UK on Channel 4 on May 25, 2014 and was seen by 0.95 million viewers.

### Critical reception

The episode was very well received by critics. It currently holds a "Fresh" 86% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, making it, however, the lowest-ranking episode of the season, tied with the following episode "Who Shaves the Barber?".

*The A.V. Club* writers Zack Handlen and Emily VanDerWerff gave the episode an *A* rating, complimenting Allison Tolman's performance and comparing Lester to Walter White from *Breaking Bad*.

Another positive review came from IGN writer Roth Cornet, who gave the episode a *9.3/10* "amazing" rating and said "Lester Nygaard continued his descent into a moral wasteland, Gus Grimly's ineptitude may have yielded tragic and deadly consequences, and Lorne Malvo escaped death in what was one of the most emotionally dark and visually pretty episodes of Fargo to date."

### Accolades

At the 66th Primetime Emmy Awards, Colin Bucksey won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie, or Dramatic Special for this episode.

## InfoBox

| "**Buridan's Ass**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Fargo* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 1<br>Episode 6 |
| Directed by | Colin Bucksey |
| Written by | Noah Hawley |
| Featured music | Jeff Russo |
| Production code | XFO01006 |
| Original air date | May 20, 2014 (2014-05-20) |
| Running time | 53 minutes |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


title: Treaty of 1752

abstract: The Treaty of 1752 was a treaty signed between the Mi'kmaq people of Shubenacadie, Nova Scotia and the governor of Nova Scotia on 22 November 1752 during Father Le Loutre's War. The treaty was created by Governor Peregrine Hopson and signed by Jean-Baptiste Cope.

text:
# Treaty of 1752

The **Treaty of 1752** was a treaty signed between the Mi'kmaq people of Shubenacadie, Nova Scotia and the governor of Nova Scotia on 22 November 1752 during Father Le Loutre's War. The treaty was created by Governor Peregrine Hopson and signed by Jean-Baptiste Cope.

In 1928, Mr. Gabriel Sylliboy was the first to invoke the Treaty of 1752 in the courts (R. v. Sylliboy). He was Mi’kmaq Grand Chief. He was charged in Inverness County, Cape Breton, with possession of muskrat and fox pelts, in violation of the provincial Lands and Forests Act. The judge claimed that the 1752 treaty only applied to a small band of Mi’kmaq at Shubenacadie, located in central Nova Scotia, and therefore did not apply to Syliboy who was from the Whycocomagh Reserve in Cape Breton.

In 1985, Mr. Simon from Shubenacadie invoked the Treaty of 1752 in the courts (R. v. Simon). The courts reported that the treaty protected hunting rights for those from Shubenacadie. The court also indicated that there was not enough evidence uncovered at that time to determine if the treaty was terminated by subsequent hostilities. The court did not countenance any aboriginal rights to hunt and fish commercially.

In August 1993, in Antigonish, Donald Marshall, Jr. (who was from Cape Breton) caught 463 pounds of eels and sold them for $800 as part of a commercial fishery. He was violating federal laws by fishing without a licence in a closed season with illegal nets. Initially, Marshall's lawyer relied solely on the Treaty of 1752.

The Crown's expert historian Stephen Patterson dismantled the validity of the Treaty of 1752 that was used to support Marshall's case. Dr. Patterson indicated that the treaty did not apply to Mi’kmaq people outside of Shubenacadie and that the treaty was terminated by subsequent hostilities. (Chief Cope renounced and destroyed the Treaty himself six months after signing it.) Marshall's lawyers abandoned his reliance upon the Treaty of 1752, and switched his focus to the Halifax Treaties of 1760-61.

A significant provincial reconciliation event took place February 16, 2017. The Province of Nova Scotia granted the late Grand Chief Gabriel Sylliboy a posthumous free pardon. A free pardon, which recognizes that a conviction was made in error, considered “only in the rarest of circumstances,” marked just the second posthumously granted free pardon by the province of Nova Scotia. Lieutenant Governor J.J. Grant said that Sylliboy was pursuing his “aboriginal and treaty rights” and called the pardon “a process of treaty education,” which included “understanding and valuing what the Mi’kmaq have contributed in shaping this province and nation.”

Texts

## InfoBox

| Treaty of 1752 | |
| --- | --- |
| Canada | |
| Monument to the Treaty of 1752 | |
| For the Treaty of 1752 | |
| Location | near Shubenacadie First Nation, Nova Scotia Canada |


abstract: Falkirk East was a county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1983 until 2005. It was largely replaced by Linlithgow and East Falkirk, with some of its territory going to the new Falkirk constituency.

text:
# Falkirk East (UK Parliament constituency)

**Falkirk East** was a county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1983 until 2005. It was largely replaced by Linlithgow and East Falkirk, with some of its territory going to the new Falkirk constituency.

## Boundaries

**1983–1997**: The Falkirk District electoral divisions of Avonside, Bainsford, Braes, Carriden, Dundas, Kalantyre, Kinneil, Laurmont, and Sealock.

**1997–2005**: The Falkirk District electoral divisions of Avonside, Braes, Carriden, Dundas, Kalantyre, Kinneil, Laurmont, and Sealock.

## Members of Parliament

| Election | | Member | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1983 | Harry Ewing | Labour |
|  | 1992 | Michael Connarty | Labour |
| 2005 | | *constituency abolished: see Linlithgow and East Falkirk* | |

## Election results

### Elections in the 1980s

General election 1983: Falkirk East
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Harry Ewing** | **17,956** | **47.7** | **−7.2** |
|  | Conservative | Donald Masterton | 7,895 | 21.0 | −2.2 |
|  | SDP | Alexander Wedderburn | 6,967 | 18.5 | *New* |
|  | SNP | John McGregor | 4,490 | 11.9 | −9.9 |
|  | Communist | Fiona McGregor | 334 | 0.9 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 10,061 | 26.7 | −5.0 |
| Turnout | | | 37,642 | 72.3 |  |
|  | Labour **win** (new seat) | | | | |

General election 1987: Falkirk East
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Harry Ewing** | **21,379** | **54.2** | **+6.5** |
|  | Conservative | Kenneth Brookes | 7,356 | 18.7 | −2.3 |
|  | SNP | Ronald Halliday | 6,056 | 15.4 | +3.5 |
|  | SDP | Elizabeth Dick | 4,624 | 11.7 | −6.8 |
| Majority | | | 14,023 | 35.5 | +8.8 |
| Turnout | | | 39,415 | 75.0 | +2.7 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Elections in the 1990s

General election 1992: Falkirk East
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour Co-op** | **Michael Connarty** | **18,423** | **46.1** | **−8.1** |
|  | SNP | Ronald Halliday | 10,454 | 26.2 | +10.8 |
|  | Conservative | Keith Harding | 8,279 | 20.7 | +2.0 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Debra Storr | 2,775 | 6.9 | −4.8 |
| Majority | | | 7,969 | 19.9 | −15.6 |
| Turnout | | | 39,931 | 76.9 | +1.9 |
|  | Labour Co-op **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

General election 1997: Falkirk East
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour Co-op** | **Michael Connarty** | **23,344** | **56.1** | **+10.0** |
|  | SNP | Keith Brown | 9,959 | 23.9 | −2.3 |
|  | Conservative | Malcolm Nicol | 5,813 | 14.0 | −6.7 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Rodger Spillane | 2,153 | 5.2 | −1.7 |
|  | Referendum | Sebastian Mowbray | 325 | 0.8 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 13,385 | 32.2 | +12.3 |
| Turnout | | | 41,594 | 73.2 | −3.7 |
|  | Labour Co-op **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Elections in the 2000s

General election 2001: Falkirk East
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour Co-op** | **Michael Connarty** | **18,536** | **55.0** | **−1.1** |
|  | SNP | Isobel Hutton | 7,824 | 23.2 | −0.7 |
|  | Conservative | Bill Stevenson | 3,252 | 9.6 | −4.4 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Karen Utting | 2,992 | 8.9 | +3.7 |
|  | Scottish Socialist | Anthony Weir | 725 | 2.2 | *New* |
|  | Socialist Labour | Raymond Stead | 373 | 1.1 | *New* |
|  | Independent | Hugh Lynch | 490 | 1.6 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 10,712 | 31.8 | −0.4 |
| Turnout | | | 33,702 | 58.5 | −14.7 |
|  | Labour Co-op **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

## InfoBox

| Falkirk East | |
| --- | --- |
| Former county constituency
for the House of Commons | |
| Boundary of Falkirk East in Scotland for the 2001 general election | |
| Subdivisions of Scotland | Falkirk |
| Major settlements | Falkirk |
| 19832005 | |
| Seats | One |
| Created from | Stirling, Falkirk & Grangemouth, Stirlingshire East & Clackmannan and West Lothian |
| Replaced by | Linlithgow & East Falkirk
Falkirk |


title: Sal Maccarone

abstract:
Sal Maccarone is an American author, sculptor, designer and kinetic artist. He is best known as a master craftsman, and for his internationally distributed woodworking books such as Tune Up Your Tools, and How to Make $40,000 a Year Woodworking, both published by
F & W publications, Betterway Books, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He is also known for his woodworking technique articles published both online since 1994, Article.
and by the national magazine Popular Woodworking. Article. Articles such as his "Evolution of an Entryway" have also been published in industry specific journals. He attended San José State University and achieved a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1972. During 1973 and 1974 while enrolled in the Master of Fine Arts Program for sculpture at (SJSU), he studied under professors Sam Richardson, John Battenberg, and Fletcher Benton, all internationally recognized sculptors. While studying for his master's degree in sculpture Sal became involved in the kinetic sculpture movement of the 1970s. Always using wood as the main media for his sculpture, he also incorporates metal, glass, plastic, and natural stone. His meticulously engineered kinetic sculptures are best described as a combination of fine furniture pieces which contain an impossible bottle type environment that is viewed through glass. The cabinet always remains stationary while the artwork within is kinetic. When turned on, the pieces sequenced with a combination of light and mechanical movement. Video. He gained national recognition for his furniture, and sculpture in 1977 when he and his work were featured on the KPIX-TV program Evening Magazine. Video. He was the co-founder of Bears in the Wood a small chain of retail stores in the San Francisco Bay Area which served as the showrooms for furniture that he both designed and built. The stores also sold Teddy bears which were imported from around the world. The merchandise was displayed within an environment which featured a three-story waterfall, and a full scale log cabin. These were the first stores in the country to market "just" Teddy Bears. The airing of that TV special set off a national Teddy Bear store frenzy in the United States from coast to coast which began in 1976, and continues until the present. In 1979 his work was featured in the Fine Woodworking "Design Book Two" printed by the Taunton Press. This hardcover book featured photographs of the best work in wood by selected craftsmen from across the United States, and Canada. During 1985 Sal was commissioned by the "California State Mining and Mineral Association" to build a working scale model of a California Gold Rush era "Gold Stamp Mill". The model currently resides at the California State Mining and Mineral Museum in Mariposa, California. In 1990 his woodwork, and sculpture at the Tenaya Lodge in Yosemite was featured first in the Fresno Bee newspaper, and then on the KGPE CBS TV47 program, Eye on the Valley. Video. The program was filmed at Sal's studio in Mariposa, California in March 1990. In early 1990 Maccarone began furniture design, and construction for the Chateau du Sureau in Oakhurst, California. Over a period of eighteen months he worked very closely with the hotel owner to ultimately produce eighty different period pieces of furniture, and the castle's Honduras mahogany doors. During the process Sal perfected the distressing process which visually ages the woodwork. Part of that unique process involved using a small gauge shotgun. By glancing the shot at an angle, he discovered that it was possible to simulate worm holes in the faces of the wooden doors. Beginning in 1997, after the publication of his first national woodworking book, he began teaching woodworking technique. Touring the country with The Woodworking Shows, a Los Angeles based traveling trade organization, he gave three-day woodworking seminars in twenty-one different US cities each season. He continued teaching and traveling the country on an average of twice each month until October 2002. In 2009 he began a syndicated newspaper column called, "How Art Shapes Our Lives". The column is published once each week in the California central valley, Sierra foothills, and the Yosemite area. The column is designed to help build an awareness of the fine arts and the "Bigger Picture" while pointing to something local that can be observed. Article archives. In 2010 he designed and built the two wood and glass display cases which reside as part of the permanent collection in the Great Lounge of the Ahwahnee Hotel. These furniture pieces were the first new additions to grace the Great Lounge since 1927. Both matching cases are made of native walnut and are primarily used to display the historic baskets made by the Miwok people who once lived in Yosemite Valley. In 2011 the display cases were designated as "Reserve Property" of the hotel and are now part of the United States national heritage. He has been in the business of designing and building commissioned pieces of furniture, and sculpture since 1972. His woodwork and kinetic sculpture can be viewed in many public, and private collections throughout the United States, and British Columbia. Article. His woodwork portfolio has been used as reference within the Marriott International interior design library system since 1990. As a member of the American Institute for Conservation he has also served as a conservator of furniture for the Ahwahnee Hotel in Yosemite National Park, and has helped to preserve such National treasures as the three Craftsman style harvest tables which were built in 1926 by L & J.G. Stickley especially for the hotel.

text:
# Sal Maccarone

**Sal Maccarone** is an American author, sculptor, designer and kinetic artist. He is best known as a master craftsman, and for his internationally distributed woodworking books such as *Tune Up Your Tools*, and *How to Make $40,000 a Year Woodworking*, both published by F & W publications, *Betterway Books*, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He is also known for his woodworking technique articles published both online since 1994, Article. and by the national magazine **Popular Woodworking**. Article. Articles such as his "Evolution of an Entryway" have also been published in industry specific journals.

He attended San José State University and achieved a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1972. During 1973 and 1974 while enrolled in the Master of Fine Arts Program for sculpture at (SJSU), he studied under professors Sam Richardson, John Battenberg, and Fletcher Benton, all internationally recognized sculptors.

While studying for his master's degree in sculpture Sal became involved in the kinetic sculpture movement of the 1970s. Always using wood as the main media for his sculpture, he also incorporates metal, glass, plastic, and natural stone. His meticulously engineered kinetic sculptures are best described as a combination of fine furniture pieces which contain an impossible bottle type environment that is viewed through glass. The cabinet always remains stationary while the artwork within is kinetic. When turned on, the pieces sequenced with a combination of light and mechanical movement. Video.

He gained national recognition for his furniture, and sculpture in 1977 when he and his work were featured on the KPIX-TV program Evening Magazine. Video. He was the co-founder of **Bears in the Wood** a small chain of retail stores in the San Francisco Bay Area which served as the showrooms for furniture that he both designed and built. The stores also sold Teddy bears which were imported from around the world. The merchandise was displayed within an environment which featured a three-story waterfall, and a full scale log cabin. These were the first stores in the country to market "just" Teddy Bears. The airing of that TV special set off a national *Teddy Bear* store frenzy in the United States from coast to coast which began in 1976, and continues until the present.

In 1979 his work was featured in the Fine Woodworking "Design Book Two" printed by the Taunton Press. This hardcover book featured photographs of the best work in wood by selected craftsmen from across the United States, and Canada.

During 1985 Sal was commissioned by the "California State Mining and Mineral Association" to build a working scale model of a California Gold Rush era "Gold Stamp Mill". The model currently resides at the California State Mining and Mineral Museum in Mariposa, California.

In 1990 his woodwork, and sculpture at the Tenaya Lodge in Yosemite was featured first in the Fresno Bee newspaper, and then on the KGPE CBS TV47 program, *Eye on the Valley*. Video. The program was filmed at Sal's studio in Mariposa, California in March 1990.

In early 1990 Maccarone began furniture design, and construction for the Chateau du Sureau in Oakhurst, California. Over a period of eighteen months he worked very closely with the hotel owner to ultimately produce eighty different period pieces of furniture, and the castle's Honduras mahogany doors. During the process Sal perfected the distressing process which visually ages the woodwork. Part of that unique process involved using a small gauge shotgun. By glancing the shot at an angle, he discovered that it was possible to simulate worm holes in the faces of the wooden doors.

Beginning in 1997, after the publication of his first national woodworking book, he began teaching woodworking technique. Touring the country with **The Woodworking Shows**, a Los Angeles based traveling trade organization, he gave three-day woodworking seminars in twenty-one different US cities each season. He continued teaching and traveling the country on an average of twice each month until October 2002.

In 2009 he began a syndicated newspaper column called, "How Art Shapes Our Lives". The column is published once each week in the California central valley, Sierra foothills, and the Yosemite area. The column is designed to help build an awareness of the fine arts and the "Bigger Picture" while pointing to something local that can be observed. Article archives.

In 2010 he designed and built the two wood and glass display cases which reside as part of the permanent collection in the Great Lounge of the Ahwahnee Hotel. These furniture pieces were the first new additions to grace the Great Lounge since 1927. Both matching cases are made of native walnut and are primarily used to display the historic baskets made by the Miwok people who once lived in Yosemite Valley. In 2011 the display cases were designated as "Reserve Property" of the hotel and are now part of the United States national heritage.

He has been in the business of designing and building commissioned pieces of furniture, and sculpture since 1972. His woodwork and kinetic sculpture can be viewed in many public, and private collections throughout the United States, and British Columbia. Article. His woodwork portfolio has been used as reference within the Marriott International interior design library system since 1990.

As a member of the American Institute for Conservation he has also served as a conservator of furniture for the Ahwahnee Hotel in Yosemite National Park, and has helped to preserve such National treasures as the three Craftsman style harvest tables which were built in 1926 by L & J.G. Stickley especially for the hotel.

## InfoBox

| Sal Maccarone | |
| --- | --- |
| A 1990 Sal Maccarone sculpture, commissioned for the Tenaya Lodge in Yosemite National Park | |
| Born | Salvatore Maccarone
(1949-08-11) August 11, 1949
Lawrence, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Alma mater | San Jose State University |
| Occupation(s) | Author, furniture maker, sculptor |
| Years active | 1972present |


title: Sylvester Jordan

abstract: Franz Sylvester Jordan (1792–1861) was a German politician and lawyer. Born on 30 December 1792 in Omes, near Axams in Austria, Jordan went to school at the Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich. After studying jurisprudence and cameralism at the universities of Vienna and Landshut, he became a professor of constitutional law at the University of Marburg in 1821. Jordan contributed significantly to the drafting of the constitution of 1830 and thus the creation of the Hessian Diet. However, he got into conflict with the state government and was placed under police surveillance. He was arrested in 1839 under suspicion of being part of the Frankfurter Wachensturm six years earlier and was later sentenced to five years in prison. After two years in prison in Marburg, the supreme court of appeal in Kassel lifted the ruling and Jordan was freed. Jordan served 10 months as a member of the Frankfurt Parliament between 18 July 1848 and 20 May 1849. He died on 15 April 1861 in Kassel.

text:
# Sylvester Jordan

**Franz Sylvester Jordan** (1792–1861) was a German politician and lawyer.

Born on 30 December 1792 in Omes, near Axams in Austria, Jordan went to school at the Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich. After studying jurisprudence and cameralism at the universities of Vienna and Landshut, he became a professor of constitutional law at the University of Marburg in 1821.

Jordan contributed significantly to the drafting of the constitution of 1830 and thus the creation of the Hessian Diet. However, he got into conflict with the state government and was placed under police surveillance. He was arrested in 1839 under suspicion of being part of the Frankfurter Wachensturm six years earlier and was later sentenced to five years in prison. After two years in prison in Marburg, the supreme court of appeal in Kassel lifted the ruling and Jordan was freed.

Jordan served 10 months as a member of the Frankfurt Parliament between 18 July 1848 and 20 May 1849. He died on 15 April 1861 in Kassel.


title: Koichi Tanaka

abstract: Koichi Tanaka is a Japanese electrical engineer who shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002 for developing a novel method for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules with John Bennett Fenn and Kurt Wüthrich.

text:
# Koichi Tanaka

**Koichi Tanaka** (田中 耕一, *Tanaka Kōichi*, born August 3, 1959) is a Japanese electrical engineer who shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002 for developing a novel method for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules with John Bennett Fenn and Kurt Wüthrich (the latter for work in NMR spectroscopy).

## Early life and education

Tanaka was born and raised in Toyama, Japan, his biological mother died one month after he was born. Tanaka graduated from Tohoku University with a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering in 1983, afterward he joined Shimadzu Corporation, where he engaged in the development of mass spectrometers.

## Soft laser desorption

For mass spectrometry analyses of a macromolecule, such as a protein, the analyte must be ionized and vaporized by laser irradiation. The problem is that the direct irradiation of an intense laser pulse on a macromolecule causes cleavage of the analyte into tiny fragments and the loss of its structure. In February 1985, Tanaka found that by using a mixture of ultra fine metal powder in glycerol as a matrix, an analyte can be ionized without losing its structure. His work was filed as a patent application in 1985, and after the patent application was made public reported at the Annual Conference of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan held in Kyoto, in May 1987 and became known as soft laser desorption (SLD).

However, there was some criticism about his winning the prize, saying that contribution by two German scientists, Franz Hillenkamp and Michael Karas was also big enough not to be dismissed, and therefore they should also be included as prize winners. This is because they first reported in 1985 a method, with higher sensitivity using a small organic compound as a matrix, that they named matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). Also Tanaka's SLD is not used currently for biomolecules analysis, meanwhile MALDI is widely used in mass spectrometry research laboratories. But while MALDI was developed prior to SLD, it was not used to ionize proteins until after Tanaka's report.

## Recognition

## InfoBox

| Koichi Tanaka | |
| --- | --- |
| *Koizumi Cabinet E-mail Magazine*, No.81, February 6, 2003. | |
| Born | (1959-08-03) 3 August 1959
Toyama, Japan |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Alma mater | Tohoku University |
| Known for | Soft laser desorption |
| Awards | Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2002)
Order of Culture (2002)
Person of Cultural Merit (2002) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Electrical Engineering, chemistry |
| Institutions | Shimadzu Corporation |
|  | |


title: Camp Trans

abstract: Camp Trans was the name of an annual demonstration and event held outside the Michigan Womyn's Music Festival in Oceana County, Michigan. This demonstration was held by transgender women and their allies to protest against the Festival's policy of excluding trans women from attending, until the Music Festival's end in 2015.

text:
# Camp Trans

**Camp Trans** was the name of an annual demonstration and event held outside the Michigan Womyn's Music Festival (MWMF or Michfest) in Oceana County, Michigan. This demonstration was held by transgender women and their allies to protest against the Festival's policy of excluding trans women from attending, until the Music Festival's end in 2015.

## History

Camp Trans was sparked by a 1991 incident, in which Nancy Burkholder was ejected from the festival, after refusing to answer when a woman asked her whether or not she was transgender. The MWMF maintained a womyn-born womyn policy since its inception, as evidenced by posters from the first festival in 1975. Each year afterwards a group of women, both transgender and cisgender, protested the exclusion of trans women from the event. Initially, these protests were small and sometimes carried on inside of the camp.

A more organized group of transgender women and their allies began camping and holding demonstrations outside the gate. After a five-year hiatus, Camp Trans returned in 1999, led by transgender activists Riki Ann Wilchins and Leslie Feinberg, as well as many members of the Boston and Chicago Lesbian Avengers. The events of this year drew attention and controversy, culminating in tensions as a small group of transgender activists were admitted into the festival to exchange dialogue with organizers and to negotiate a short-lived compromise allowing only transgender women who had sex reassignment surgery on the festival land.

In the early 1980s and in 1999, a transgender musician who had transitioned 10 years earlier did perform in MWMF. During the 1999's Camp Trans event, a number of transgender women purchased tickets and were admitted to the MWMF. A similar claim of victory was published by Camp Trans that year.

## Events of 2006

By 2005, activists at Camp Trans and MWMF had become frustrated with the boycott effort and felt that a combined effort of external and internal activism on the grounds of MWMF might be more effective in securing inclusion.

In 2006, a transgender woman organizer of Camp Trans named Lorrraine Donaldson was sold a ticket to the 31st annual Michigan Womyn's Music Festival. On Tuesday, August 8, 2006, Donaldson approached the workers at the front gate of the festival and asked if she could purchase a ticket. She was instructed to read an outdated handout that was printed by the festival office in 2000 following the controversial events surrounding the "Michigan Eight" protest. This paper indicated that the festival was still enforcing a policy of exclusion for transsexual women. When Donaldson pointed out that the document was outdated and asked for a current version from the workers, they told her that none was available. Donaldson requested that the workers seek up-to-date policy information in writing from the office and informed them that she would return the next morning. That same day, the newly organized Yellow Armbands pro-inclusion support group held their first meeting at the Watermelon Tree in the common dining area of the festival.

On the morning of Wednesday, August 9, Donaldson again approached the box office workers near the front gate and asked to purchase a ticket. She was met at the gate by three members of the Yellow Armbands and one organizer of Camp Trans, all of whom witnessed Donaldson disclosing her trans status to the box office manager, before being sold a ticket and given an orange wristband that designated her as a "festie". Donaldson attended the festival for the remainder of the week and participated at a trans inclusion workshop that was presented by trans woman Emilia Lombardi, who was also an organizer with Camp Trans and who was sold a ticket to the festival on Friday, August 11, as well. The workshop was listed as part of the official festival program and both Donaldson and Lombardi were open about being trans women at the workshop that was attended by over 50 people. Donaldson and Lombardi also continued to join the Yellow Armbands mealtime gatherings, where they were met with support from festies and workers. The conclusion of the 2006 festivals in Hart, Michigan was marked with noted optimism and collaborative spirit between Camp Trans constituents and their pro-inclusion supporters at MWMF, as was noted immediately by members of the community and media. A camper also captured the good news as it was presented onstage by a Camp Trans committee member and later posted it on YouTube.

## 2006 press release controversy and resulting organizational changes

Following the 2006 festival, a small group of Camp Trans organizers issued a press release that stated that the MWMF had "ended its policy of exclusion." A disagreement ensued within the Camp Trans and Yellow Armbands organizations over whether or not this press release was ethical due to issues of transparency and consent.

Camp Trans argued that the press release was a deliberate and necessary tactic designed to bait WMWF founder Lisa Vogel into responding with a transphobic press release which would make the parameters of the "wbw-policy" officially known. Supporters of this tactic felt that because Vogel hadn't given the Camp Trans organization permission to republish the letter, nor was the policy (or what Vogel referred to as an "intention") available in writing on the MichFest website or elsewhere, that this was the only way that Camp Trans could ostensibly prove that the policy actually existed. Others felt that the motivation behind the press release was nebulous and not supportive or inclusive of Donaldson or others who were involved in the positive developments that occurred in the summer of 2006. They also believed that the press release caused unnecessary conflict between inclusion activists and the festival office and they preferred to focus on the larger community who were clearly supportive of trans women attending in 2006. Regardless, Vogel did in fact issue a response where she stated again that the festival is intended for women-born-women, and that they hope and expect trans women to respect that intention. Following the press release fallout, Donaldson resigned from Camp Trans and joined the Yellow Armbands as an organizer.

In 2007, the Yellow Armbands blog was frozen by an organizer who resigned from the activism due to lingering issues regarding lack of transparency in the inclusion movement. Other activists also resigned over concerns that Camp Trans was privileging the voices of trans men over trans women in their organization. The remaining inclusion activists at Yellow Armbands created a new online community and blog and renamed their organization Fest For All Womyn.

Donaldson returned to MWMF in 2007 with the newly renamed Fest For All Womyn/Yellow Armbands and camped in The Twilight Zone area of the festival along with other trans women and female inclusion supporters.

2007 was also a landmark year for Camp Trans, because for the first time in their 16-year history, they held elections for their organizational positions. Camp Trans organizers celebrated this as a positive step in the right direction when the majority of elected positions were filled by trans women.

## 2010 festivals

There were tensions during the 2010 festivals. A piece published in both *Anarchist News* and the queer zine *Pink and Black* described a confrontation with a tow truck driver. The driver allegedly threatened to kill Camp Trans members with a tow cable after he was asked to turn off his engine during a Camp Trans speech.

*Pink and Black* wrote that there was vandalism during the festival, saying that, in one incident, someone painted the words "Real Womyn Have Cocks" in a MichFest kitchen. The zine also said a flyer was distributed that read: "Second-Wave 'Feminists', / A hot load from my monstrous tranny-cock embodies womanhood more than the pieces of menstral (sic) art your transphobic cunts could ever hope to create. / Love, Womyn-born-Monsters".

## Since 2010

There have been groups created "on the land" like Trans Women Belong Here, for support, care, and acquiring a "safe space" within MichFest. MichFest itself, however, ceased as an ongoing concern after its 40th season in 2015.

## UK Festival

In 2022 a trans art and community camping festival of the same name was held in Leighton Buzzard. The event was a success and is planned to take place again, on a larger scale, in the summer of 2023.


title: Rafael Delgado, Veracruz

abstract: Rafael Delgado, former known as San Juan del Rio, is a municipality located in the mountainous central zone of the Mexican state of Veracruz, about 140 km from the state capital Xalapa. It has an area of 39.48 square kilometres (15.24 sq mi). In 1831, the village of San Juan del Río constituted a municipality. By decree, on November 5, 1932, the municipality became known as Rafael Delgado, in honor of the author, a native of nearby Córdoba.

text:
# Rafael Delgado, Veracruz

**Rafael Delgado**, former known as **San Juan del Rio**, is a municipality located in the mountainous central zone of the Mexican state of Veracruz, about 140 km from the state capital Xalapa. It has an area of 39.48 square kilometres (15.24 sq mi).

In 1831, the village of San Juan del Río constituted a municipality. By decree, on November 5, 1932, the municipality became known as Rafael Delgado, in honor of the author, a native of nearby Córdoba.

## Geography

The municipality is bordered to the north by Orizaba and Ixmatlahuacan, to the east by Ixtaczoquitlán, to the south by San Andrés Tenejapan, Tlilapan and Nogales, and to the west by Río Blanco. It is irrigated by the Río Blanco river.

The weather in Rafael Delgado is cold and wet all year, with rains in summer and autumn.

## Agriculture

The municipality produces principally maize, sugarcane and coffee.

## Celebrations

Every June, a celebration is held in honor of San Juan de la Concepción, patron of the town, and in December the town holds festivities in honor of the Virgin of Guadalupe.

18°49′N 97°04′W / 18.817°N 97.067°W / 18.817; -97.067


title: Samuel Hahnemann Monument

abstract: The Samuel Hahnemann Monument, also known as Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, is a public artwork dedicated to Samuel Hahnemann, the founder of homeopathy. It is located on the east side of Scott Circle, a traffic circle in the northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C. The Classical Revival monument consists of an exedra designed by architect Julius Harder and a statue sculpted by Charles Henry Niehaus, whose works include the John Paul Jones Memorial in Washington, D.C., and several statues in the National Statuary Hall Collection. The monument is significant because Hahnemann is the first foreigner not associated with the American Revolution to be honored with a sculpture in Washington, D.C. The monument was dedicated in 1900 following years of fundraising efforts by the American Institute of Homeopathy. Among the thousands of attendees at the dedication ceremony were prominent citizens including President William McKinley, Attorney General John W. Griggs, and General John Moulder Wilson. The monument was rededicated in 2000 and a restoration process was completed in 2011. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. The monument and surrounding lot are owned and maintained by the National Park Service, a federal agency of the Interior Department.

text:
# Samuel Hahnemann Monument

The **Samuel Hahnemann Monument**, also known as ***Dr. Samuel Hahnemann***, is a public artwork dedicated to Samuel Hahnemann, the founder of homeopathy. It is located on the east side of Scott Circle, a traffic circle in the northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C. The Classical Revival monument consists of an exedra designed by architect Julius Harder and a statue sculpted by Charles Henry Niehaus, whose works include the John Paul Jones Memorial in Washington, D.C., and several statues in the National Statuary Hall Collection. The monument is significant because Hahnemann is the first foreigner not associated with the American Revolution to be honored with a sculpture in Washington, D.C.

The monument was dedicated in 1900 following years of fundraising efforts by the American Institute of Homeopathy. Among the thousands of attendees at the dedication ceremony were prominent citizens including President William McKinley, Attorney General John W. Griggs, and General John Moulder Wilson. The monument was rededicated in 2000 and a restoration process was completed in 2011. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. The monument and surrounding lot are owned and maintained by the National Park Service, a federal agency of the Interior Department.

## History

### Background

Samuel Hahnemann (1755–1843) was a German physician who created homeopathy, an alternative medicine system that is considered a pseudoscience. He studied chemistry and medicine at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, earning a medical degree in 1779. He was then appointed Surgeon-in-Chief at a hospital in Dresden and later served as superintendent of an insane asylum in Georgenthal. While serving on the faculty at Leipzig University, Hahnemann became disillusioned with standard medical procedures of the time, including over drugging and bleeding. He pursued what he considered "natural laws" of medicine, opposing allopathy and developed the "laws of similars" (*similia similibus curantur*, meaning like is cured by like). His unorthodox views were controversial at the time, but Hahnemann continued to pursue his homeopathic studies and published several works, including *The Organon of the Healing Act* (1810), *Materia Medica Para* (1811–1821), and *The Chronic Diseases, Their Peculiar Nature and Their Homeopathic Cure* (1828). He is considered the greatest influence on the practice of homeopathy, which was very influential in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

A monument honoring Hahnemann was first proposed in 1881 by physician James H. McClelland at a meeting of the Homeopathic Medical Society. It wasn't until June 1892 at the 45th Session of the American Institute of Homeopathy (AIH) that the organization agreed to undertake the project. Members of the nation's homeopathic community began raising funds, including the largest single donation of $4,510 by physician Nancy T. Williams. The AIH was assisted in its endeavor by the National Sculpture Society, which formed a committee to select an artist and design. The committee consisted of sculptors George Edwin Bissell, Daniel Chester French, and Olin Levi Warner, and architects Thomas Hastings and Russell Sturgis. A design competition was held with 25 models submitted. They were displayed at the American Academy of the Fine Arts in New York City, the first time a public exhibition of competition models was held in the country. The committee unanimously selected the model submitted by Charles Henry Niehaus (1855–1935).

Niehaus was a German-American from Ohio who attended the Royal Academy in Munich. In 1881, the Ohio state government commissioned him to create a statue of the recently assassinated President James A. Garfield. He moved to New York City in 1887 and opened a studio where his works included the pediments at the Appellate Division Courthouse of New York State and the doors of Trinity Church. Niehaus was best known for his portraiture work, including eight statues for the National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol and two works for the Thomas Jefferson Building's Main Reading Room. His statue of John Paul Jones in Washington, D.C., is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Niehaus created Hahnemann's likeness by using a bust sculpted by David d'Angers that is now housed in the Saint Jacques Hospital in Paris.

While funds were being raised for the monument, permission to install the structure in Washington, D.C., was a difficult and long process. Hahnemann was not an American and had never visited the country. Supporters of the monument lobbied members of Congress to support its erection, but President Grover Cleveland refused to sign the agreement. After the election of President William McKinley, supporters renewed their efforts and eventually won the support of many congressional members and the president. But in 1899, a congressional vote to authorize the monument being placed in Washington, D.C., failed. Members such as Representative L. Irving Handy of Delaware argued that only individuals who had distinguished careers in the military or civil branches of the national government should be honored in the city. Supporters finally won approval of Congress on January 31, 1900, when members voted to approve the monument's placement and appropriate $4,000 for its foundation. Hahnemann became the first foreigner not associated with the American Revolution to be honored with a sculpture in Washington, D.C. The site selected for the monument was chosen by a committee created by Congress. The committee included McClelland, who first proposed the monument, Senator George P. Wetmore and General John Moulder Wilson. The committee chose a site on the east side of Scott Circle "by reason of its abundant opportunities to display to the best advantage the delicate lines which are features of the artist's work." The architect chosen to design the monument was Julius Harder of the firm Israel and Harder. The statue was founded by the Gorham Manufacturing Company and the contractor was the Maine & New Hampshire Granite Company. The total cost of the monument and its installation was around $75,000.

### Dedication

The dedication ceremony took place on June 21, 1900, during an AIH convention. Thousands of people, including hundreds of medical professionals, attended the elaborate ceremony at Scott Circle. In front of the monument were chairs for distinguished guests, including President McKinley and his wife, Ida, both supporters of homeopathy, Attorney General John W. Griggs, General Wilson, and District Commissioner Henry Brown Floyd MacFarland. Temporary scaffolding, adorned with flags and bunting, was built to shield these guests from the sun. When the president arrived, the Marine Band played "Hail to the Chief".

Physician James Bayard Gregg Custis of Washington, D.C., presided over the event. His remarks included: "This monument is erected in the hope that from it, as a center, truth may be spread which will result in the lessening of suffering and the increased usefulness of mankind." The invocation was provided by Presbyterian minister Benjamin Franklin Bittinger. McClelland, who served as chairman of the monument committee, gave a brief address and formally presented the monument to the AIH. The monument was then unveiled as the Marine Band played "My Country, 'Tis of Thee". The president of the AIH, physician Charles E. Walton of Cincinnati, then presented the monument to the government on behalf of the organization's members. He said, "Their labors make it possible, in this memorable year 1900, which marks on the dial of time the dividing point of centuries, to rear in our nation's capital this beautiful monument commemorating at once the genius of Samuel Hahnemann and the loyalty of his followers." An ode by physician William Tod Helmuth of New York was read followed by acceptance of the monument by government representative Colonel Theodore A. Bingham. He said, "It is with great pleasure that I have the honor, as the government's officer in charge of public buildings and grounds in the District of Columbia, to accept this monument on behalf of the government, and I assure you that every care will be taken for its preservation."

The Marine Band then played "The Star-Spangled Banner" followed by an address by Attorney General Griggs. He stated: "In the center of this park stands the statue of a great warrior, General Scott; on the other side is a statue of a great statesman and orator, Daniel Webster. Here on this side, with great appropriateness, has been placed the statue of a scientist, a reformer, a good physician. There is, said he, but one test of worthiness, and that is that a man shall have wrought in unselfishness, in the interests of his country, of humanity and the world. It was the merit of Dr. Hahnemann, he said, that he exposed fallacy, uncovered truth and uncovered errors." The ceremony concluded with the crowd giving three cheers for the president followed by the band playing music. Following the ceremony, the president invited around 1,000 guests to the White House and received them in the state rooms.

### Later history

On June 21, 2000, one hundred years after the original dedication, the AIH hosted "Homeopathy 2000: Rededication and Celebration in Washington, D.C." A rededication ceremony organized by homeopathic societies and other organizations was held with an Armed Forces Color Guard and music provided by the Marine Band Brass Quintet. It was during this ceremony that attendees realized the monument was in need of repair, including the crumbling mosaic above the statue. Physician Sandra M. Chase of the American Institute of Homeopathy Hahnemann Monument Preservation Committee organized a fundraising drive called the Hahnemann Monument Restoration Project. During the next few years, AIH members and the public raised over $30,000 for repairs. Working with the National Park Service (NPS), the committee hired conservator Judy Jacob to oversee the restoration. The process included the statue being evaluated and cleaned, the granite edifice being cleaned, the fountain basin and pedestal on the back of the monument being restored, and the brick in the surrounding plaza being relayed and leveled. A missing oak tree was also replaced and an informal pathway was covered. The completion of the restoration project was marked by an event at the monument site on September 16, 2011, with representatives from the NPS and AIH in attendance.

The monument was added to the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites on February 22, 2007, and the NRHP on October 11, 2007. It is also designated a contributing property to the Sixteenth Street Historic District, listed on the NRHP in 1978. The monument and surrounding lot are owned and maintained by the NPS, a federal agency of the Interior Department.

## Design and location

The Samuel Hahnemann Monument is located on Reservation 64, a small triangular lot on the east side of Scott Circle between Corregidor Street, Massachusetts Avenue, and Rhode Island Avenue NW. The monument faces west towards the traffic circle and the *Brevet Lt. General Winfield Scott* equestrian statue. On the opposite side of the circle is the Daniel Webster Memorial, also listed on the NRHP.

The Classical Revival monument consists of an exedra with a seated statue of Hahnemann on a central niche. The statue measures 6 ft (1.8 m) tall, 2.5 ft (0.76 m) wide, and 3 ft (0.91 m) long. He is wearing long robes and has his right leg crossed over his left leg. Hahnemann's right arm is resting on the arm of the chair as his head rests against his right hand. His left arm is resting on the left arm of the chair and his left hand is holding a book. Hahnemann is depicted as bald and seeming to concentrate while looking down to his left. Above Hahnemann on the niche is a decorative ceramic mosaic designed in the Art Nouveau style and keystone lion head. On either side of the lion head are stone reliefs. The right relief is a snake wrapped around a chalice and the left relief is an open book and chemist's bowl. The niche is flanked by columns and a top panel bears the inscription "HAHNEMANN". Below the statue is a Latin inscription, "SIMILIA / SIMILIBUS / CURENTUR", which translates "Likes Are Cured By Like." On either side of the niche are a pair of bronze reliefs sculpted by Niehaus, each measuring 4 ft (1.2 m) high and 1 ft (0.30 m) long. The left reliefs depict Hahnemann as a student and as a chemist. The German inscription "DIE MILDE MACHT IST GROSS", meaning "Gentle Power is Great", is below the left reliefs. The right reliefs depict Hahnemann as a teacher and as a physician. The Latin inscription "IN OMNIBUS CARITAS", meaning "In All Things, Charity", is below the right reliefs. A shell motif is located above the reliefs on each side. On each end of the exedra is a post adorned with a shield and lion head. A large shell is on the top of each of these posts. Four semi-circular steps lead to the exedra. The exedra is 25 ft (7.6 m) tall, 36 ft (11 m) long, and 24 ft (7.3 m) wide. On the back of the exedra is a fountain basin with a bird-like fountain spout and a relief of two nude figures kneeling back to back.

Inscriptions on the monument include the following:

* FEC '96 Gorham MFG Co / Founders
* C H Niehaus (first left bronze relief)
* C.H. Niehaus 1896 (second left bronze relief)
* CH Niehaus 96 (first right bronze relief)
* CH Niehaus/FEC (second right bronze relief)
* HAHNEMANN (above niche)
* SIMILIA / SIMILIBUS / CURENTUR (base of figure)
* AUDE SAPERE (left side of figure)
* NON INUTILIS VIXI (right side of figure)
* IN OMNIBUS CARITAS (below reliefs, right side)
* DIE MILDE MACHT IST GROSS (below reliefs, left side)
* ERLANGEN / DESSAU (left end post)
* COETHEN / LEIPZIG (right end post)
* MCM / CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH SAMUEL HAHNEMANN / DOCTOR IN MEDICINE / HOFRATH / LEADER OF THE GREAT / MEDICAL REFORMATION / OF THE NINETEENTH / CENTURY / FOUNDER OF THE / * * HOMEOPATHIC SCHOOL (back of exedra, center panel)
* PARIS JULY 2 1843 (back of exedra, right panel)
* MEISSEN APRIL 11, 1755 (back of exedra, left panel)

## InfoBox

Samuel Hahnemann Monument
| Monument in 2010 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 38°54′26″N 77°02′09″W / 38.907256°N 77.035725°W / 38.907256; -77.035725 | |
|  | |
| Samuel Hahnemann Monument | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| NRHP reference No. | 07001055 |
| Added to NRHP | October 11, 2007 |
|  | |
| Location | Reservation 64, Scott Circle, Washington, D.C., United States |
| Designer |  |
| Material | * Bronze (sculpture, reliefs) * Marble (base) * Granite (exedra) * Ceramic (mosaic) |
| Length | 2.5 feet (0.76 m) |
| Width | 3 feet (0.91 m) |
| Height | 6 feet (1.8 m) |
| Opening date | June 21, 1900 |
| Dedicated to | Samuel Hahnemann |


title: Constantia (1782 ship)

abstract: Constantia was launched in 1782 at the Delft Shipyard as an East Indiaman for the Delft Chamber of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). The British Royal Navy captured her in 1795 when the British occupied Malacca.

text:
# Constantia (1782 ship)

***Constantia*** was launched in 1782 at the Delft Shipyard as an East Indiaman for the Delft Chamber of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). The British Royal Navy captured her in 1795 when the British occupied Malacca.

## Career

**1st VOC voyage (1784–1785):** Captain Adriaan van Katersveld sailed from Goeree on 14 September 1784, bound for Batavia. *Consantia* arrived at the Cape of Good Hope on 23 December, and left on 16 January 1785. She arrived at Batavia on 21 April.

**2nd VOC voyage (1786):** Captain Adriaan van Katersveld sailed from Bengal on 22 January 1786 with cargo for the Delft and Rotterdam Chambers of the VOC. *Constantia* arrived at the Cape on 3 April, and left on 11 May. She arrived at Goeree on 20 July.

**3rd VOC voyage (1787):** Captain Jan Hendrik van der Linden sailed from Goeree on 16 May 1787, bound for Batavia. *Constantia* arrived at the Cape on 29 August, and left on 12 October. She arrived at Batavia on 18 December.

**4th VOC voyage (1790–1791):** Captain Johan Gallo sailed from Batavia on 28 October 11790, bound for Goeree with cargo for the Delft Chamber. *Constantia* arrived at the Cape on 25 January 1791, and left on 20 February. She arrived at Goeree on 20 May.

**5th VOC voyage (1793–1794):** Captain Andries Laurens Kanters sailed from Goeree on 8 July 1793, bound for Batavia. *Constantia* arrived at the Cape on 22 November, and left on 8 December. She arrived at Batavia on 18 February 1794.

## Fate

The Dutch government at Malacca arranged with the British government to turn Malacca over to the British rather than the having the Batavian Government, allies of the French, take possession. The British sent an expedition from Bengal that arrived off Malacca on 15 August 1795. HMS *Resistance* arrived on the 17th, and the operation began that morning.

*Constantia* had been run into the mud between the fleet and the Fort. *Resistance* fired a few shots in her direction; *Constancia* fired two shots in return, and then struck. Lieutenant Thomas Pitt (acting), of *Resistance*, led the boarding party. Midshipman Nesbit Willoughby commanded a second boat that accompanied Pitt.

The British troops landed, took possession of the Fort, and the Dutch signed Articles of Capitulation.

One European sailor aboard *Constantia* had been shot dead before she struck. On 21 January 1796, *Constantia*'s captain, commander, and sublieutenant, together with 17 European sailors and 24 Madurese soldiers left Malacca on the privately owned vessel *Arnolda*, E. Campadonica, master, bound for Java.

## Citations

1. Huygens Ing: Details of voyage 4457.1 from Goeree to Batavia. Accessed 25 March 2020.
2. Huygens Ing: Details of voyage 8163.1 from Bengal to Goeree. Accessed 25 March 2020.
3. Huygens Ing: Details of voyage 4560.2 from Goeree to Batavia. Accessed 25 March 2020.
4. Huygens Ing: Details of voyage 8293.2 from Batavia to Goeree. Accessed 25 March 2020.
5. Huygens Ing: Details of voyage 4750.3 from Goeree to Batavia. Accessed 25 March 2020.
6. "No. 13881". *The London Gazette*. 5 April 1796. pp. 321–322.
7. Irwin (1956), p. 89.
8. Irwin (1956), p. 93.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Dutch East India Company | |
| Name | *Constantia* |
| Builder | Delfshaven |
| Launched | 1782 |
| Captured | 15 August 1795 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen | 440 Last (load) (880 tons) |
| Length | 140 Voet (Foot) |


title: Treaty of 2004

abstract: The Treaty Between the Slovak Republic and the Holy See on Catholic Education is a treaty between the Slovak Republic and the Holy See about Catholic upbringing and education. This treaty, or concordat, secured full state funding for Church-controlled schools and Catholic religious education. It was signed between the Holy See and Slovakia on May 13, 2004, and came into effect on July 9, 2004.

text:
# Treaty of 2004

The **Treaty Between the Slovak Republic and the Holy See on Catholic Education** is a treaty between the Slovak Republic and the Holy See about Catholic upbringing and education.

This treaty, or concordat, secured full state funding for Church-controlled schools and Catholic religious education. It was signed between the Holy See and Slovakia on May 13, 2004, and came into effect on July 9, 2004.

## Bibliography


title: Falkirk Fury B.C.

abstract: Falkirk Fury, currently known as Sony Centre Fury for sponsorship reasons, is a Scottish basketball club based in the town of Falkirk, Scotland.

text:
# Falkirk Fury B.C.

**Falkirk Fury**, currently known as **Sony Centre Fury** for sponsorship reasons, is a Scottish basketball club based in the town of Falkirk, Scotland.

## History

The club was established in 1992 by founders John Bunyan, Keith Bunyan and Gregor Gillies and originally consisted of players from Falkirk High School and local sports development players. The club now competes at all National League age groups, and supports an extensive and strong junior program.

The under 23 team rose to join the Scottish Men's National League in 1997. After finishing 2nd in the league for six consecutive seasons between 2006 and 2012, the club then won the title in 4 of the following 5 seasons.

The most illustrious player to come through the Fury program is former Great Britain international and co-captain Kieron Achara.

## Honours

| Competition | Number of titles | Years won |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scottish Cup** | 6 | **2009-10**, **2013-14**, **2014-15**, **2016-17**, **2018-19**, **2021-22** |
| **National League** | 6 | **2000-01**, **2012-13**, **2013-14**, **2014-15**, **2016-17**, **2019-20** |
| **National League Playoffs** | 2 | **2014-15**, **2016-17** |

## Home arenas

**Mariner Centre** (1992-2017) **Grangemouth Sports Complex** (2017-present)

## Players

### Notable former players

Note: Flags indicate national team eligibility at FIBA-sanctioned events. Players may hold other non-FIBA nationalities not displayed.

| Criteria |
| --- |
| **To appear in this section a player must have either:**
* Set a club record or won an individual award while at the club * Played at least one official international match for their national team at any time * Played at least one official NBA match at any time. |

* Kieron Achara
* Alasdair Fraser
* Jonny Bunyan
* Fraser Malcolm
* Pete Duncan
* Keith Bunyan
* Marek Pawlak
* Mark Duncan
* David Wallace
* Steve Hoffman
* Douglas McCormack
* MOJO

## Record in BBL competitions

| Season | Competition | Round | Opponent | Home | Away |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2014–15 | BBL Trophy | R1 | Glasgow Rocks | L 46-112 |  |
| 2015–16 | BBL Trophy | R1 | Glasgow Rocks | L 42-91 |  |
| 2017–18 | BBL Trophy | R1 | Loughborough University | L 54-83 |  |

## Season-by-season records

| Season | Division | Tier | League | | | | | | Playoffs | Scottish Cup |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Finish | Played | Wins | Losses | Points | Win % | | |
| **Falkirk Fury** | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1996-97 | **U23** | - | 5th | 24 | 10 | 14 | 34 | 0.417 |  |  |
| 1997-98 | **SNBL** | 2 | 6th | 24 | 7 | 17 | 31 | 0.292 |  |  |
| **Clark Eriksson Fury** | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1998-99 | **SNBL** | 2 | 4th | 27 | 18 | 9 | 45 | 0.667 | Semi-finals |  |
| 1999-00 | **SNBL** | 2 | 4th | 18 | 12 | 6 | 30 | 0.667 |  |  |
| 2000-01 | **SNBL** | 2 | 1st |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2001-02 | **SNBL** | 2 | 3rd | 17 | 14 | 3 | 31 | 0.824 |  |  |
| 2002-03 | **SNBL** | 2 | 4th | 18 | 12 | 6 | 30 | 0.667 |  | Semi-finals |
| 2003-04 | **SNBL** | 2 | 2nd | 18 | 13 | 5 | 31 | 0.722 |  | Runners-up |
| 2004-05 | **SNBL** | 2 | 3rd |  |  |  |  |  |  | Semi-finals |
| 2005-06 | **SNBL** | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Semi-finals |
| 2006-07 | **SNBL** | 2 | 2nd | 15 | 11 | 4 | 26 | 0.733 |  | Runners-up |
| 2007-08 | **SNBL** | 2 | 2nd | 16 | 12 | 4 | 26 | 0.750 |  | Semi-finals |
| 2008-09 | **SNBL** | 2 | 2nd | 20 | 14 | 6 | 34 | 0.700 |  | Semi-finals |
| 2009-10 | **SNBL** | 2 | 2nd | 20 | 14 | 6 | 34 | 0.700 |  | Winners, beating Edinburgh |
| 2010-11 | **SNBL** | 2 | 2nd | 18 | 16 | 2 | 34 | 0.889 | Semi-finals |  |
| 2011-12 | **SNBL** | 2 | 2nd | 18 | 16 | 2 | 34 | 0.889 | Runners-up | Runners-up |
| 2012-13 | **SNBL** | 2 | 1st | 18 | 17 | 1 | 35 | 0.944 | Runners-up | Semi-finals |
| 2013-14 | **SNBL** | 2 | 1st | 18 | 18 | 0 | 36 | 1.000 | Semi-finals | Winners, beating St Mirren |
| 2014-15 | **SNBL** | 2 | 1st | 22 | 22 | 0 | 44 | 1.000 | Winners, beating Boroughmuir | Winners, beating St Mirren |
| **Sony Centre Fury** | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2015-16 | **SBC Div 1** | 2 | 5th | 18 | 12 | 6 | 30 | 0.667 | Semi-finals | Quarter-finals |
| 2016-17 | **SBC Div 1** | 2 | 1st | 18 | 16 | 2 | 34 | 0.889 | Winners, beating Boroughmuir | Winners, beating Boroughmuir |
| 2017-18 | **SBC Div 1** | 2 | 3rd | 18 | 13 | 5 | 31 | 0.722 | Semi-finals | Semi-finals |
| 2018-19 | **SBC Div 1** | 2 | 2nd | 18 | 14 | 4 | 32 | 0.778 | Runners-up | Winners, beating St Mirren |
| 2019-20 | **SBC Div 1** | 2 | 1st | 16 | 14 | 2 | 28 | 0.875 | *No playoffs* | 2nd round |
| 2020–21 | **SBC Div 1** | 2 | *No season* | | | | | | | |
| 2021-22 | **SBC Div 1** | 2 | 2nd | 16 | 13 | 3 | 29 | 0.813 | Runners-up | Winners, beating Dunfermline |
| 2022-23 | **SBC Div 1** | 2 | 2nd | 20 | 17 | 3 | 34 | 0.850 | Runners-up | Quarter-finals |
| 2023-24 | **SBC Div 1** | 2 | 1st | 21 | 19 | 2 | 38 | 0.905 | Winners, beating St Mirren | Winners, beating Dunfermline |

## InfoBox

| Sony Centre Fury | |
| --- | --- |
| League | SBC Division 1 |
| Established | 1992 (1992) |
| History | **Falkirk Fury**
1992-1998
**Clark Eriksson Fury**
1998-2015
**Sony Centre Fury**
2015-present |
| Arena | Grangemouth Complex |
| Capacity | 300 |
| Location | Falkirk, Scotland |
| Head coach | John Bunyan |
| Website | Official website |


title: Ross Honsberger

abstract: Ross Honsberger (1929–2016) was a Canadian mathematician and author on recreational mathematics.

text:
# Ross Honsberger

**Ross Honsberger** (1929–2016) was a Canadian mathematician and author on recreational mathematics.

## Life

Honsberger studied mathematics at the University of Toronto, with a bachelor's degree, and then worked for ten years as a teacher in Toronto, before continuing his studies at the University of Waterloo (master's degree). Since 1964 he had been on the faculty of mathematics, where he later became a professor emeritus. He dealt with combinatorics and optimization, especially with mathematics education. He developed education courses, for example, on combinatorial geometry, frequently held lectures for students and math teachers, and was editor of the *Ontario Secondary School Mathematics Bulletin*. He wrote numerous books on elementary mathematics (geometry, number theory, combinatorics, probability theory), and recreational mathematics (often at the Mathematical Association of America, MAA), with him in his own words using the book by Hans Rademacher and Otto Toeplitz of numbers and figures as a model. Frequent were his expositions of problems at the International Mathematical Olympiads and other competitions.

Edsger W. Dijkstra called his *Mathematical Gems* "delightful".

## Books

* *Ingenuity in Mathematics*, New Mathematical Library, Random House / Singer 1970
* *Mathematical Gems*, MAA 1973, 2003 (Mathematical Expositions Dolciani Vol.1), German Mathematical gems of elementary combinatorics, number theory and geometry, Wiley, 1990, ISBN 3-528-08474-X, Chapter "The Story of Louis Posa".
* *Mathematical Gems 2*, MAA 1975 (Vol.2 Dolciani Mathematical Expositions)
* *Mathematical Gems 3*, MAA 1985, 1991 (vol.9 Dolciani Mathematical Expositions)
* *Mathematical Morsels*, MAA 1978 (Vol.3 Dolciani Mathematical Expositions)
* *More Mathematical Morsels*, MAA 1991 (Dolciani Bd.10 Mathematical Expositions)
* *Mathematical Plums*, MAA 1979 (vol.4 Dolciani Mathematical Expositions)
* *Mathematical Chestnuts from around the world*, MAA 2001 (Dolciani Bd.24 Mathematical Expositions)
* *Mathematical Diamonds*, MAA 2003
* *In Pólya's Footsteps*, MAA 1997 (Dolciani Bd.19 Mathematical Expositions)
* *Episodes in nineteenth and twentieth century euclidean geometry*, MAA 1995
* *From Erdos to Kiev – Problems of Olympiad Caliber*, MAA 1997
* *Mathematical Delights*, MAA 2004 (Dolciani Mathematics Expositions Bd.28)

## InfoBox

| Ross Honsberger | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 2 June 1929<br>Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Died | 3 April 2016(2016-04-03) (aged 87) |
| Occupation(s) | mathematician, author |


title: Swift 40

abstract: The Swift 40 is a South Korean cruising sailboat that was designed by the American design firm Sparkman & Stephens and first built in 1979. The Swift 40 is a version of Sparkman & Stephens' design number 2134, as are the North Star 80/20 and the Hughes 40, with different decks and coach roof designs.

text:
# Swift 40

The **Swift 40** is a South Korean cruising sailboat that was designed by the American design firm Sparkman & Stephens and first built in 1979.

The Swift 40 is a version of Sparkman & Stephens' design number 2134, as are the North Star 80/20 and the Hughes 40, with different decks and coach roof designs.

## Production

The design was built by Kang Nam Shipbuilders in South Korea, from 1979 until 1984, but it is now out of production.

## Design

The Swift 40 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead ketch rig with a keel-stepped mast, a raked stem, an angled transom, a skeg-mounted rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel. It displaces 24,300 lb (11,022 kg) and carries 8,937 lb (4,054 kg) of lead ballast.

The boat has a draft of 5.25 ft (1.60 m) with the standard keel.

The boat is fitted with a British Perkins Engines diesel engine for docking and maneuvering. The fuel tank holds 50 U.S. gallons (190 L; 42 imp gal) and the fresh water tank has a capacity of 168 U.S. gallons (640 L; 140 imp gal).

The design has sleeping accommodation for seven people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin, a straight settee berth and drop-down dinette table that forms a double berth in the main cabin and an aft cabin with a double "V"-berth. The galley is located on the port side just forward of the companionway ladder. The galley is U-shaped and is equipped with a three-burner stove and a sink. A navigation station is opposite the galley, on the starboard side. There are two heads, one just aft of the bow cabin on the port side and one on the port side in the aft cabin.

The design has a hull speed of 7.46 kn (13.82 km/h).

**Related development**

## InfoBox

Swift 40
| Development | |
| --- | --- |
| Designer | Sparkman & Stephens |
| Location | South Korea |
| Year | 1979 |
| Builder(s) | Kang Nam Shipbuilders |
| Role | Cruiser |
| Name | Swift 40 |
| Boat | |
| Displacement | 24,300 lb (11,022 kg) |
| Draft | 5.25 ft (1.60 m) |
| Hull | |
| Type | monohull |
| Construction | fiberglass |
| LOA | 39.12 ft (11.92 m) |
| LWL | 31.00 ft (9.45 m) |
| Beam | 13.33 ft (4.06 m) |
| Engine type | Perkins Engines diesel engine |
| Hull appendages | |
| Keel/board type | fin keel |
| Ballast | 8,937 lb (4,054 kg) |
| Rudder(s) | skeg-mounted rudder |
| Rig | |
| Rig type | Bermuda rig |
| Sails | |
| Sailplan | masthead ketch |
| Total sail area | 786.00 sq ft (73.022 m2) |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Koichi Sugii

abstract: Kо̄ichi Sugii was a Japanese bandleader, composer, arranger, conductor, singer, and accordionist who was one of the pioneers of Japanese jazz. His musical arrangements skillfully bridged Eastern and Western styles, combining American orchestral jazz with Japanese pop and Chinese folk music to create a sophisticated and melodic hybrid style which one scholar has deemed, "among the most compellingly original in Japanese prewar and wartime jazz", and another scholar has called "the apex of wartime jazz" in Japan.

text:
# Koichi Sugii

**Kо̄ichi Sugii** (杉井幸一, *Sugii Kо̄ichi*, 1906  1942) was a Japanese bandleader, composer, arranger, conductor, singer, and accordionist who was one of the pioneers of Japanese jazz. His musical arrangements skillfully bridged Eastern and Western styles, combining American orchestral jazz with Japanese pop and Chinese folk music to create a sophisticated and melodic hybrid style which one scholar has deemed, "among the most compellingly original in Japanese prewar and wartime jazz", and another scholar has called "the apex of wartime jazz" in Japan.

## Biography

Sugii was born in Tokyo in 1906. His mother sang traditional Japanese music while accompanying herself on the shamisen. An early familiarity with his country's native folk songs later inspired Sugii to arrange these melodies in jazz settings.

Sugii took piano lessons from a Canadian teacher, and became an ardent admirer of Western classical traditions, jazz, and film music. In 1930, after graduating from Tokyo Imperial University, he was hired by the Osaka Merchant Shipping Company, which assigned him to Buenos Aires. In Argentina, the young business executive became enamored of the tango. Convinced his true interests were in music, Sugii returned to Japan in 1934 and found work composing and recording for a film studio. In 1935, he joined Sakurai Kiyoshi's Sakurai y Su Orquesta, a Latin-influenced band which specialized in tangos.

In 1936, under contract to the King Records label, Sugii made his first recordings as a solo accordionist and singer. In 1938, as a staff arranger, he directed the "King Novelty Orchestra" in releasing the King Records "Salon Music Series," a series of orchestral recordings (30 songs on 15 records) which launched a "Salon Music" vogue in Japan. The sessions were released under a variety of names, including the King Novelty Orchestra, the King Salon Orchestra, the King Jazz Band, and the Sugii Accordion Ensemble. When Sugii and his orchestra performed on radio broadcasts, they did so under names such as "The New Order Rhythm Orchestra," reflecting the increasingly tight ideological control over radio by state authorities during this period. In addition to providing arrangements, Sugii conducted the orchestra, played accordion, bandoneon, or piano, and occasionally sang on these recordings.

Sugii's arrangements are notable for their creative combination of jazz and swing lexicon with traditional Chinese and Japanese instruments and melodic elements. Sugii employed the jazz idiom as a somewhat neutral ground upon which to interpolate exotic Japanese and Chinese elements. At a time of growing nationalism and xenophobia in Japan, Suigii sought to naturalize a uniquely "Japanese" style of jazz that could avoid censorship and suppression by the state.

Sugii performed in concert and movie theaters and on radio, and was artistically and commercially successful in his brief career. However, Sugii was hospitalized on December 8, 1941, and died on April 5, 1942, at age 36, of acute nephritis.

## Music Archives

The once-popular Sugii released dozens of discs between 1936 and 1941 in his native Japan, but his work has rarely been reissued. In 2011, the archival digital label Radiophone Archives compiled 51 of Sugii's recordings into a three-volume series called *Japanese Jazz & Salon Music, 1936-1941*, featuring most of his known orchestral and solo recordings. The tracks were remastered from original 78s, many of which are extremely rare.

## Discography

| Year | Title | Original Title | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1936 | Oiwake | **(追分)** |  |
| 1936 | Chinrai-Bushi | **(チンライ節)** |  |
| 1937 | Gypsy-Dream-Rose | **(ジプシー・ドリーム・ローズ)** |  |
| 1937 | Tahako-Sendou-Uta | **(母子船頭歌)** |  |
| 1939 | Kanki-No-Uta | **(歓喜の歌)** |  |
| 1940 | When It's Lamplighting Time in The Valley | **(谷間の灯ともし頃)** |  |
| 1940 | Tairyo-Bushi | **大漁節** |  |
| 1940 | Kiso-Bushi | **(木曾節)** |  |
| 1941 | Kagoshima-Ohara-Bushi | **(鹿児島小原節)** |  |
| 1941 | Kushimoto-Bushi | **(串本節)** |  |

### Citations

1. Pope 2003, p. 345.
2. Atkins 1997, p. 165.
3. Atkins 1997, p. 138.
4. Atkins 1997, p. 125.
5. Pope 2003, p. 348.

### Works cited

* Atkins, E. Taylor (1997). *This Is Our Music: Authenticating Japanese Jazz, 1920-1980* (PhD thesis). University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
* Pope, Edgar (2003). *Songs of the Empire: Continental Asia in Japanese Wartime Popular Music* (PhD thesis). University of Washington.

## InfoBox

| Kо̄ichi Sugii | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Born | 1906
Tokyo, Japan |
| Died | April 5, 1942
Nakamura Hospital, Tokyo, Japan |
| Occupation(s) | bandleader, composer, arranger, conductor, singer, accordionist, and recording artist. |
| Instrument | orchestral music along with Japanese folk instruments |
| Years active | 1936-1941 |
| Labels | King Records |


title: Camp Uncas

abstract: Camp Uncas is an Adirondack Great Camp, the second built by William West Durant for his own use. It lies on the shore of 110-acre (45 ha) Lake Mohegan, near Great Camp Sagamore, and was completed in two years. Previously Durant had built Camp Pine Knot, which he sold to industrialist Collis P. Huntington, due to financial difficulties

text:
# Camp Uncas

**Camp Uncas** is an Adirondack Great Camp, the second built by William West Durant for his own use. It lies on the shore of 110-acre (45 ha) Lake Mohegan, near Great Camp Sagamore, and was completed in two years.

Previously Durant had built Camp Pine Knot, which he sold to industrialist Collis P. Huntington, due to financial difficulties

## History

The camp was built of logs felled on the property, and all iron hardware was forged on site. In the main lodge and dining hall, the log construction was unusual in that the logs were not interlocked, as in conventional log buildings, but rather were pinned together at beveled corners. The scale is massive: the dining hall is 24-by-36-foot (7.3 by 11.0 m), the walls 12 feet (3.7 m) high at the eaves with a cathedral ceiling 20 feet (6.1 m) high at the ridge, with a huge fireplace on one side. Floors, walls and ceilings were all of polished planks and peeled and polished natural logs.

In 1896, Durant sold Uncas to J. Pierpont Morgan with 1,100 acres (450 ha). After Morgan's death in 1913, the camp stayed in the Morgan family until 1947, when it was sold to the widow of Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt, who also owned Sagamore. General and Mrs. George Marshall, as guests of Mrs. Vanderbilt, entertained Madame Chiang Kai-shek at Uncas in 1949. Mrs. Vanderbilt left Uncas to a foundation, which sold it; eventually it was bought by the Rockland County Boy Scouts who used it as a camp. In 1975, it was returned to private use.

The camp was included in a multiple property submission for listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986, and was listed there in 1987. The camp was designated a National Historic Landmark on October 7, 2008.

## Sources

* Gilborn, Craig. *Durant: Fortunes and Woodland Camps of a Family in the Adirondacks*. Utica, NY: North Country Books, 1981.
* Gilborn, Craig. *Adirondack Camps: Homes Away from Home, 1850-1950*. Blue Mountain Lake, NY: Adirondack Museum; Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2000.
* Kaiser, Harvey. *Great Camps of the Adirondacks.* Boston: David R. Godine, 1982.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Camp Uncas | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. National Historic Landmark | |
|  | |
| Camp Uncas gate in 1899 | |
|  | |
| Nearest city | Raquette Lake, New York |
| Coordinates | 43°44′38″N 74°38′53″W / 43.74389°N 74.64806°W / 43.74389; -74.64806 |
| Built | 1893 (1893) |
| Architect | William West Durant |
| MPS | Great Camps of the Adirondacks TR |
| NRHP reference No. | 86002937 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | April 3, 1987 |
| Designated NHL | October 7, 2008 |


title: John Covert Boyd

abstract: John Covert Boyd was a surgeon and medical director in the United States Navy Medical Corps. He is one of the incorporators of the American Red Cross and one of the founders of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity.

text:
# John Covert Boyd

**John Covert Boyd** (December 24, 1850 – July 7, 1927) was a surgeon and medical director in the United States Navy Medical Corps. He is one of the incorporators of the American Red Cross and one of the founders of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity.

## Biography

John Covert Boyd was born on 24 December 1850 near Bradford Springs, South Carolina and spent his youth at the private schools of Charleston. From 1869 to 1871, he attended the University of Virginia. While there, he founded the Kappa Sigma fraternity with four other friends on December 10, 1869: William Grigsby McCormick, Edmund Law Rogers Jr., Frank Courtney Nicodemus, and George Miles Arnold. After Boyd's second year, in which he entered the medical program, he transferred to the University of the City of New York. After graduating as a Doctor of Medicine, Boyd was appointed as an assistant surgeon in the Navy medical corp, eventually rising to the rank of Medical Director. In 1902, he became a professor in the Navy Medical College, Washington, where he was second in seniority. Under supervision of the Surgeon-General of the Navy, Boyd compiled a book of instructions for medical officers. In 1905, President Roosevelt appointed Boyd to be one of the members of the Board of Incorporators of the American Red Cross. He died on 7 July 1927 and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

## Personal life

Boyd's father was William Simms Boyd, who was a graduate of South Carolina Medical College and his mother was Laura Nelson (Covert) Boyd. In 1887, he married Katherine Dorr Willard and had two children, Alice and Walter. They resided in Washington, D. C.

## Legacy

## InfoBox

| Dr.John Covert Boyd | |
| --- | --- |
| Plaque at the University of Virginia honoring his founding of Kappa Sigma | |
| Born | (1850-12-24)December 24, 1850
Bradford Springs, South Carolina, US |
| Died | July 7, 1927(1927-07-07) (aged 76) |
| Resting place | Arlington National Cemetery |
| Alma mater | University of Virginia
University of the City of New York |
| Occupation(s) | Naval surgeon, Medical director |
| Known for | incorporating the American Red Cross
founding the Kappa Sigma fraternity |


title: Elvanie Nimbona

abstract: Elvanie Nimbona is a Burundian long-distance runner. She competed in the senior women's race at the 2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. She finished in 55th place. In 2017, she competed in the junior women's race at the 2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships held in Kampala, Uganda. She finished in 16th place. In 2019, she also competed in the women's marathon at the 2019 World Athletics Championships held in Doha, Qatar. She did not finish her race.

text:
# Elvanie Nimbona

**Elvanie Nimbona** (born 15 March 1998) is a Burundian long-distance runner. She competed in the senior women's race at the 2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. She finished in 55th place.

In 2017, she competed in the junior women's race at the 2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships held in Kampala, Uganda. She finished in 16th place.

In 2019, she also competed in the women's marathon at the 2019 World Athletics Championships held in Doha, Qatar. She did not finish her race.

## InfoBox

Elvanie Nimbona
| Elvanie Nimbona in 2019 (far right) | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1998-03-15) 15 March 1998 |
| Sport | |
| Country | Burundi |
| Sport | Long-distance running |