title: Song for Sophie (I Hope She Flies)

abstract: "Song for Sophie" is a song by Danish singer-songwriter Aura Dione from her debut album Columbine. It was released as Dione's second single in 2007 in Denmark, following "Something from Nothing". In Germany, Austria and Switzerland, it was released on 27 April 2010 by Island Records as Dione's second single. The song peaked at number twelve in Germany and at number eighteen in Austria. It also charted within Billboard's European Hot 100 Singles chart at number 49.

text:
# Song for Sophie (I Hope She Flies)

"**Song for Sophie (I Hope She Flies)**" is a song by Danish singer-songwriter Aura Dione from her debut album *Columbine*. It was released as Dione's second single in 2007 in Denmark, following "Something from Nothing". In Germany, Austria and Switzerland, it was released on 27 April 2010 by Island Records as Dione's second single.

The song peaked at number twelve in Germany and at number eighteen in Austria. It also charted within *Billboard*'s European Hot 100 Singles chart at number 49.

## Track listings

German digital download
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Song for Sophie (I Hope She Flies)" | 3:18 |
| 2. | "Clean Hands" | 3:49 |
| 3. | "Song for Sophie (I Hope She Flies)" (Wippenberg Remix) | 8:24 |
| 4. | "Song for Sophie (I Hope She Flies)" (Jean Claude Ades Radio Edit) | 3:03 |
| 5. | "Song for Sophie (I Hope She Flies)" (Acoustic Version) | 3:19 |

German CD single
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Song for Sophie (I Hope She Flies)" | 3:18 |
| 2. | "Clean Hands" | 3:49 |

## Chart performance

## InfoBox

| "Song for Sophie (I Hope She Flies)" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Aura Dione | |
| from the album  *Columbine* | |
| B-side | "Clean Hands" |
| Released | 27 April 2010 (2010-04-27) |
| Recorded | Delta Lab Studios, Copenhagen, Denmark |
| Genre | Pop |
| Length | 3:18 |
| Label | Island |
| Songwriter(s) | Aura Dione |
| Producer(s) | Kenneth Bager, Thomas Troelsen |
| Aura Dione singles chronology | |
| "I Will Love You Monday (365)"
(2009) "**Song for Sophie (I Hope She Flies)**"
(2010) "Something from Nothing"
(2010) | |


title: Three or Four Shades of Blues

abstract: Three or Four Shades of Blues is a studio album by the American jazz bassist and bandleader Charles Mingus. It was recorded in sessions held on March 9 and 11, 1977, at New York City's Atlantic Studios, and on March 29 at the Record Plant in Los Angeles. The album features two new versions of Mingus's "standards" and three new compositions performed by large ensembles featuring saxophonists Ricky Ford, George Coleman, and Sonny Fortune, pianist Jimmy Rowles, guitarists Larry Coryell, Philip Catherine and John Scofield, bassists Ron Carter and George Mraz, trumpeter Jack Walrath, and drummer Dannie Richmond.

text:
# Three or Four Shades of Blues

***Three or Four Shades of Blues*** is a studio album by the American jazz bassist and bandleader Charles Mingus. It was recorded in sessions held on March 9 and 11, 1977, at New York City's Atlantic Studios, and on March 29 at the Record Plant in Los Angeles. The album features two new versions of Mingus's "standards" and three new compositions performed by large ensembles featuring saxophonists Ricky Ford, George Coleman, and Sonny Fortune, pianist Jimmy Rowles, guitarists Larry Coryell, Philip Catherine and John Scofield, bassists Ron Carter and George Mraz, trumpeter Jack Walrath, and drummer Dannie Richmond.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings* |  |
|  |  |
| *Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide* |  |
| *The Village Voice* | A− |

In a contemporary review for *The Village Voice*, Robert Christgau said the second side on *Three or Four Shades of Blue* was "the best composed bebop" he had heard in 1977, partly because Coryell and Fortune gave their most impressive performances in some time. *The New Yorker* found the record "subtle and funny and full of Mingus's peculiar and unmistakable authority". AllMusic's Stuart Kremsky was less enthusiastic in a retrospective review, writing that it was not Mingus's "best work, but not without merit". He felt the title track was one of his most successful attempts at longer compositions, even though he said the electric guitars were out of place.

## Track listing

All compositions by Charles Mingus.

Side one
| No. | Title | Recording date | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Better Get Hit in Yo' Soul" | March 9, 1977 | 4:35 |
| 2. | "Goodbye Pork Pie Hat" | March 9, 1977 | 7:00 |
| 3. | "Noddin Ya Head Blues" | March 9, 1977 | 10:29 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Recording date | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 4. | "Three or Four Shades of Blues" | March 29, 1977 | 12:03 |
| 5. | "Nobody Knows" | March 11, 1977 | 10:06 |

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Three or Four Shades of Blues | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Charles Mingus | |
| Released | 1977 (1977) |
| Recorded | March 9, 10, and 29, 1977 |
| Studio | Atlantic Studios, New York; Record Plant, Los Angeles |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 44:13 |
| Label | Atlantic |
| Producer | Ilhan Mimaroglu |
| Charles Mingus chronology | |
| *Changes Two*
(1975) ***Three or Four Shades of Blues***
(1977) *Cumbia & Jazz Fusion*
(1978) | |


title: Lepidium nanum

abstract: Lepidium nanum, the dwarf pepperweed, is a plant species native to the US states of Nevada and Utah. It is known from four counties in Nevada but only one in Utah. It occurs in open, sunlit areas in the desert, often with gypsum, limestone, quartzite or chalky soils. Lepidium nanum is a perennial herb with a woody caudex, forming mound-shaped mats on the surface of the ground. Basal leaves are obovate, up to 2.0 inches (5 cm) long. There are no leaves on the stems above ground level. Flowers are yellow to creamy white, born on a raceme of up to 7 flowers. Fruits are egg-shaped, often with wings at the tips.

text:
# Lepidium nanum

***Lepidium nanum***, the **dwarf pepperweed**, is a plant species native to the US states of Nevada and Utah. It is known from four counties in Nevada (Nye, Elko, White Pine and Eureka) but only one in Utah (Tooele County). It occurs in open, sunlit areas in the desert, often with gypsum, limestone, quartzite or chalky soils.

*Lepidium nanum* is a perennial herb with a woody caudex, forming mound-shaped mats on the surface of the ground. Basal leaves are obovate, up to 2.0 inches (5 cm) long. There are no leaves on the stems above ground level. Flowers are yellow to creamy white, born on a raceme of up to 7 flowers. Fruits are egg-shaped, often with wings at the tips.

## InfoBox

| *Lepidium nanum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Brassicales |
| Family: | Brassicaceae |
| Genus: | *Lepidium* |
| Species: | ***L. nanum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lepidium nanum***<br>S.Wats. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Nasturtium nanum* (S. Watson) Kuntze | |


title: Chhokran, SBS Nagar

abstract: Chhokran is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 7.7 kilometres (4.8 mi) away from postal head office Nawanshahr, 4.6 kilometres (2.9 mi) from Rahon, 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and 87 kilometres (54 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

text:
# Chhokran, SBS Nagar

**Chhokran** is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 7.7 kilometres (4.8 mi) away from postal head office Nawanshahr, 4.6 kilometres (2.9 mi) from Rahon, 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and 87 kilometres (54 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

## Demography

As of 2011, Chhokran has a total number of 209 houses and population of 844 of which 409 include are males while 435 are females according to the report published by Census India in 2011. The literacy rate of Chhokran is 81.05%, higher than the state average of 75.84%. The population of children under the age of 6 years is 100 which is 11.85% of total population of Chhokran, and child sex ratio is approximately 1326 as compared to Punjab state average of 846.

Most of the people are from Schedule Caste which constitutes 25.83% of total population in Chhokran. The town does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far.

As per the report published by Census India in 2011, 576 people were engaged in work activities out of the total population of Chhokran which includes 275 males and 301 females. According to census survey report 2011, 94.62% workers describe their work as main work and 5.38% workers are involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months.

## Education

The village has a Punjabi medium, co-ed primary school founded in 1955. The schools provide mid-day meal as per Indian Midday Meal Scheme and the meal prepared in school premises. As per Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act the school provide free education to children between the ages of 6 and 14.

KC Engineering College and Doaba Khalsa Trust Group Of Institutions are the nearest colleges. Industrial Training Institute for women (ITI Nawanshahr) is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) away from the village. Lovely Professional University is 52 kilometres (32 mi) away from the village.

## Transport

Nawanshahr railway station is the nearest train station however, Garhshankar Junction railway station is 19 kilometres (12 mi) away from the village. Sahnewal Airport is the nearest domestic airport which located 51 kilometres (32 mi) away in Ludhiana and the nearest international airport is located in Chandigarh also Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport is the second nearest airport which is 160 kilometres (99 mi) away in Amritsar.

## InfoBox

| Chhokran | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| ChhokranLocation in Punjab, IndiaChhokranChhokran (India) | |
| Coordinates: 31°04′27″N 76°07′45″E / 31.0742668°N 76.1292081°E / 31.0742668; 76.1292081 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Punjab |
| District | Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar |
| Government | |
| Type | Panchayat raj |
| Body | Gram panchayat |
| Elevation | 251 m (823 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 844 |
|  | Sex ratio 409/435 / |
| Languages | |
| Official | Punjabi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 144514 |
| Telephone code | 01823 |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-PB |
| Post office | Nawanshahr |
| Website | nawanshahr.nic.in |


title: Fannia lucidula

abstract: Fannia lucidula is a fly species in the Fanniidae family. This species is smaller and more slender than the house fly, Musca domestica, and is similar in appearance to the lesser house fly, Fannia canicularis.

text:
# Fannia lucidula

***Fannia lucidula*** is a fly species in the Fanniidae family. This species is smaller and more slender than the house fly, *Musca domestica*, and is similar in appearance to the lesser house fly, *Fannia canicularis*.

## InfoBox

| *Fannia lucidula* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Fanniidae |
| Genus: | *Fannia* |
| Species: | ***F. lucidula*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Fannia lucidula***<br>(Zetterstedt, 1860) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Aricia lucidula* Zetterstedt, 1860 * *Fannia glaucescens* authors * *Fannia herniosa* (Rondani, 1866) * *Homalomyia herniosa* Rondani, 1866 | |


title: Dolle

abstract: Dolle is a village and a former municipality in the Börde district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the municipality Burgstall.

text:
# Dolle

**Dolle** is a village and a former municipality in the Börde district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the municipality Burgstall.

## InfoBox

| Dolle | |
| --- | --- |
| Ortsteil of Burgstall | |
|  | |
| Location of Dolle | |
| Dolle Dolle | |
| Coordinates: 52°24′11″N 11°37′11″E / 52.40306°N 11.61972°E / 52.40306; 11.61972 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Saxony-Anhalt |
| District | Börde |
| Municipality | Burgstall |
| Area | |
| Total | 50.17 km2 (19.37 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 91 m (299 ft) |
| Population (2006-12-31) | |
| Total | 571 |
| Density | 11/km2 (29/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 39517 |
| Dialling codes | 039364 |
| Vehicle registration | BK |
| Website | www.Heidedorf-Dolle.de |


title: Central Park (pinball)

abstract: Central Park is a pinball machine that was released by Gottlieb in 1966. The game was sold in 3,100 units. It was designed by Ed Krynski and the art was done by Roy Parker.

text:
# Central Park (pinball)

***Central Park*** is a pinball machine that was released by Gottlieb in 1966. The game was sold in 3,100 units. It was designed by Ed Krynski and the art was done by Roy Parker.

## Gameplay

*Central Park* is a very difficult game due to the large gap between the flippers. The goal of the game is to raise a special called the Tree Bonus by collecting numbers. The player can collect numbers by hitting targets at the top of the playfield. Every time 100 points are scored in Central Park an animated monkey on the backglass will ring a bell. Hitting the 7 and 9 would light up a bumper, earning 10 points instead of the usual 1. The 2 and 4 would also light up a bumper.

## Design team

* Concept: Ed Krynski
* Game Design: Ed Krynski
* Mechanics: Ed Krynski
* Artwork: Art Stenholm, Roy Parker
* Animation: Ed Krynski

## Digital versions

*Central Park* is available as a licensed table of *The Pinball Arcade* for several platforms, and can be adjusted to have extra balls allowed or not, however the table is defaulted to five ball play. The table appeared also in *Pinball Hall of Fame: The Gottlieb Collection* on multiple video game consoles.

## InfoBox

*Central Park*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Manufacturer | Gottlieb |
| Release date | April 1966 |
| Design | Ed Krynski |
| Artwork | Roy Parker |
| Production run | 3,100 |


title: Three perfections

abstract: The three perfections is a term referring to Chinese poetry, painting, and calligraphy understood and practiced as related endeavors. The earliest recorded mention known of "the three perfections" is found in The New Book of Tang, where the term is used to describe the work of poet-painter Zheng Qian, who, as described by calligrapher Qi Gong, "excelled in poetry, calligraphy, and painting." Legend holds that the Tang dynasty poets Du Fu and Li Bai were the first to introduce the combination of painting and poetry into one artwork. Several hundred years later, Su Shi, a poet and painter, promoted the use of poetry and painting together. Instruction of artists at the Northern Song Imperial Painting Academy included the integration of poetry and painting.

text:
# Three perfections

The **three perfections** (Chinese: 三絕; pinyin: *sānjué*) is a term referring to Chinese poetry, painting, and calligraphy understood and practiced as related endeavors.

The earliest recorded mention known of "the three perfections" is found in The New Book of Tang, where the term is used to describe the work of poet-painter Zheng Qian, who, as described by calligrapher Qi Gong, "excelled in poetry, calligraphy, and painting."

Legend holds that the Tang dynasty poets Du Fu and Li Bai were the first to introduce the combination of painting and poetry into one artwork. Several hundred years later, Su Shi, a poet and painter, promoted the use of poetry and painting together. Instruction of artists at the Northern Song Imperial Painting Academy included the integration of poetry and painting.

## Examples

* *Anchorage on a Rainy Night*, Shen Zhou, Chinese, 1427–1509
* *Illustration to the Second Prose Poem on the Red Cliff*, Qiao Zhongchang, Chinese, late 11th or early 12th century
* *Landscape after Li Bo's poem*, Ike Taiga, Japanese, Edo period, 18th century

## Further reading

* Transcultural Ink: Riding Three Perfections to One.


title: Lepidium nitidum

abstract: Lepidium nitidum, known by the common name shining pepperweed, is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family. It is native to far western North America from Washington, through Nevada and California, into Baja California. It thrives in diverse habitat types. It may be found elsewhere as an introduced species.

text:
# Lepidium nitidum

***Lepidium nitidum***, known by the common name **shining pepperweed**, is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family.

It is native to far western North America from Washington, through Nevada and California, into Baja California. It thrives in diverse habitat types.

It may be found elsewhere as an introduced species.

## Description

*Lepidium nitidum* is a mainly erect annual herb producing a slender stem up to about 40 centimeters tall. There are small leaves along the stem and larger ones at the base growing up to 10 centimeters long and divided into many narrow lobes.

At the top of the stem appear tiny flowers with spoon-shaped white petals only about a millimeter long.

The flowers give way to flattened, rounded to oval-shaped disclike fruits up to about half a centimeter long. Each green to pink shiny fruit is divided down the center into two chambers containing seeds.

## InfoBox

| *Lepidium nitidum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Brassicales |
| Family: | Brassicaceae |
| Genus: | *Lepidium* |
| Species: | ***L. nitidum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lepidium nitidum***<br>Nutt. | |
|


title: Civitella d'Arna

abstract: Civitella d'Arna is a frazione of the comune (municipality) of Perugia in central Italy, and the Ancient city and former bishopric Arna, which remains a Latin Catholic titular see.

text:
# Civitella d'Arna

**Civitella d'Arna** is a *frazione* of the *comune* (municipality) of Perugia in central Italy, and the Ancient city and former bishopric Arna, which remains a Latin Catholic titular see.

## Town

What was once an important town but now only a village of some 350 inhabitants stands atop a small hill (333 metres above sea level) about 9 kilometres east of the city of Perugia, the capital of Umbria (and of Perugia Province). On one side, it provides a view of that city along its main axis from the bell towers of San Pietro and San Domenico, to the Rocca Paolina fortress, the bell tower of the Palazzo dei Priori, the gateway of Porta Sole and the Convent of Monteripido. On the other side, it looks towards Assisi, Spello, Trevi, Bastia, the dome of Santa Maria degli Angeli, and beyond them to Foligno, Bevagna, Montefalco, and as far as the Rocca (castle) of Spoleto.

## History

Civitella d'Arna boasts of Umbrian origins, but it was the Etruscans who were chiefly responsible for its development in the 4th century BC. The Ancient name **Arna** in the Etruscan language meant "river current" and probably referred to its position between the rivers Tiber and Arno. Under Roman rule, it continued to be important and was the seat of a bishop by the end of the 5th century AD, in the last decade of which a Bishop Vitalianus held the see.

The barbarian hordes of Totila devastated it in 548–549 and it ceased to be an episcopal see. The centuries-long struggles between Byzantines and Lombards brought further decline to the town, which saw its bishopric suppressed in 588 or 589. Only in the 13th century was the building of its hilltop castle completed.

## Titular see

At the request of the then Archbishop of Perugia, the Holy See acknowledged the former existence of the residential bishopric of Arna, by inserting its name among the Latin titular sees recognized by the Catholic Church. as Latin Titular bishopric of Arna (Latin = Curiate Italian) / Arien(sis) (Latin adjective).

It has had the following incumbent(s), so far of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank :

## Sights

* The 13th-century castle stands on foundations of a Roman-era cistern, whose remains can be seen. It underwent adjustments under the local noble families of the Sozi, the Degli Azzi Vitelleschi, the Spinola, and the present owners, the Baldelli. It has an entrance bastion and a fine 14th-century arch. Traces of walls of the Etruscan and Roman periods are built into its outer walls.
* A 19th-century parish church inside the castle. It contains a 1492 gonfalone attributed to Bartolomeo Caporali, a painting on wood by Domenico Bruschi of Perugia, a 19th-century crucifix, a Deruta ceramic of the end of the 16th century, and a fresco attributed to Giannicola di Paolo, of the school of Perugino. The bronze church bells of 1850 weigh respectively 536, 264 e 127 kilograms.
* A ruined 11th-century chapel in the cemetery.
* The 17th-century convent of the Filippini Fathers, summer residence of the Filippini of the Chiesa Nuova in Perugia. Walls of Roman cisterns serve as its foundations. The 14th-century chapel has 18th-century stuccoes and a painting on canvas by Francesco Appiani.
* A 1562 fountain at Osteria built by Francesco di Orsino Sozi to a design by the architect Guido Caporali.
* Villa Floramonti (17th century) on the road to Sant'Egidio, built by Cardinal Pompeo Floramonti.

Many archaeological finds from the area are on display in the Archaeological Museum of Perugia. However, a bronze head of Hypnos (the god of sleep), perhaps a 1st or 2nd-century AD copy of a Hellenistic original, was found at Civitella d'Arna in the early nineteenth century and is now part of the Castellani Collection in the British Museum.

Bibliography - ecclesiastical history * Francesco Lanzoni, *Le diocesi d'Italia dalle origini al principio del secolo VII (an. 604)*, vol. I, Faenza 1927, p. 480

43°07′41″N 12°29′13″E / 43.128°N 12.487°E / 43.128; 12.487

## InfoBox

| Civitella d'Arna | |
| --- | --- |
| *Frazione* | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Umbria |
| Province | Perugia (PG) |
| *Comune* | Perugia |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Chhopkhali

abstract: Chhopkhali is a village in Barguna District in the Barisal Division of southern-central Bangladesh.

text:
# Chhopkhali

**Chhopkhali** is a village in Barguna District in the Barisal Division of southern-central Bangladesh.

1. "NGA GeoName Database". National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 2008-06-08. Retrieved 2008-07-14.

## InfoBox

| Chhopkhali | |
| --- | --- |
| ChhopkhaliLocation in Bangladesh | |
| Coordinates: 22°21′N 90°9′E / 22.350°N 90.150°E / 22.350; 90.150 | |
| Country | Bangladesh |
| Division | Barisal Division |
| District | Barguna District |
| Time zone | UTC+6 (Bangladesh Time) |


title: Reginald George Malcolm

abstract: Captain Reginald George Malcolm was a Canadian flying ace during World War I. He was credited with eight aerial victories scored during March, April, and May 1916.

text:
# Reginald George Malcolm

Captain **Reginald George Malcolm** MC was a Canadian flying ace during World War I. He was credited with eight aerial victories scored during March, April, and May 1916.

## Early life

Reginald George Malcolm was a Canadian, though there are conflicting accounts of his birthplace and birth date. Some aviation historians state he was born in Manitoba, Canada in 1890. The Canadian Great War Project, as well as the Aerodrome website, give his birthplace as Owen Sound, Ontario, and the date as 14 January 1891. He was a bachelor working as a clerk in civil life before he joined the military.

When he decided to join military service to fight in the First World War, he first learned to fly in the United States. He earned Aero Club of America Pilot's Certificate No. 440 from the Wright School in Augusta, Georgia on 29 March 1916.

## First World War service

Malcolm joined the Royal Flying Corps and was placed on the General List; on 24 February 1917 second lieutenant R. G. Malcolm was appointed a Flying Officer. Eight days later, he scored his first aerial victory while teamed with Leonard Herbert Emsden in a pusher Royal Aircraft Factory FE.2d. Sometimes teamed with Emsden, sometimes with other gunners, Malcolm was already an ace when he and Emsden finished off their respective victory strings with three victories on 1 May 1917.

The action that day was vividly described in public records:

On 1 May 1917, he was one of a formation of six which was attacked by 15 hostile scouts. He attacked one which he shot down and destroyed near Izel. A little later he was attacked by five scouts, one of which he drove down damaged. This machine was seen to land just west of Lens. Again, on the same patrol, he drove off two scouts which were attacking one of our artillery machines. Later in the same day, whilst on a bomb raid, he was attacked by a red scout, which damaged his engine. He immediately dived, and his observer shot down the hostile machine, which fell in flames in Bois-Bernard. 2nd Lieutenant Malcolm managed to land on our side of the lines.

Emsden, his observer that day, was wounded in the hand during the fray.

Malcolm was withdrawn from combat on 18 June 1917 and posted to Home Establishment in Britain. On 18 July, his Military Cross award for courage was gazetted:

> For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He has shown exceptional skill and courage in aerial fighting. He has several times been attacked by superior numbers, and on each occasion has accounted for more than one of the hostile machines and effected a safe landing himself.

On 1 July 1918, he was both promoted to captain and shipped home to Canada. Once there, he commanded Aerial Fighting School No. 2 at Beamsville, Ontario, Canada until he was transferred to staff duty at headquarters on 16 December 1918.

## List of aerial victories

| No. | Date/time | Aircraft | Foe | Result | Location | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 March 1917 @ 1115 hours | Royal Aircraft Factory FE.2d serial number 7693 | LVG two-seater | Destroyed | Courrieres, France | Gunner: Leonard Herbert Emsden; victory shared with William Drummond Matheson and gunner, two other air crews |
| 2 | 17 March 1917 circa 1130 hours | Royal Aircraft Factory FE.2d s/n A782 | Albatros D.II | Destroyed | Between Oppy and Beaumont, France | Gunner: C. W. Wilson |
| 3 | 13 April 1917 @ 1930 hours | Royal Aircraft Factory FE.2d s/n A6385 | Albatros D.III | Destroyed | Hénin-Liétard, France | Gunner: Leonard Herbert Emsden |
| 4 | 14 April 1917 @ 1930 hours | Royal Aircraft Factory FE.2d s/n A6383 | Albatros D.III | Destroyed | Henin-Lietard, France | Gunner: C.W. Weir; victory shared with another air crew |
| 5 | 21 April 1917 @ 1845 hours | Royal Aircraft Factory FE.2d s/n A8375 | Captured | Albatros D.III | Between Thélus and Vimy, France | Gunner: C.W. Weir; victory shared with Anthony Arnold RNAS |
| 6 | 1 May 1917 @ 0620 hours | Royal Aircraft Factory FE.2d s/n 7672 | Albatros D.III | Destroyed | Izel-lès-Hameau, France | Gunner: Leonard Herbert Emsden |
| 7 | 1 May 1917 @ 0645 hours | Royal Aircraft Factory FE.2d s/n 7672 | Albatros D.III | Captured | West of Lens | Gunner: Leonard Herbert Emsden |
| 8 | 1 May 1917 @ 1800 hours | Royal Aircraft Factory FE.2d s/n 7672 | Albatros D.III | Destroyed; set afire in midair | Bois-Bernard, France | Gunner: Leonard Herbert Emsden |
|

## Post war

After Reginald George Malcolm was transferred to staff duty at headquarters on 16 December 1918, he fades from history's view.

* *Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, The British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, And the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914-1918: Volume 4 of Fighting Airmen of WWI Series: Volume 4 of Air Aces of WWI*. Norman Franks, Russell Guest, Gregory Alegi. Grub Street, 1997. ISBN 1-898697-56-6, ISBN 978-1-898697-56-5.

## InfoBox

| Reginald George Malcolm | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Either 14 January 1891, or 1890
Either Owen Sound, Canada or Manitoba, Canada |
| Died | After 16 December 1918 |
| Allegiance | Canada
United Kingdom |
| Service/branch | Royal Flying Corps
 |
| Years of service | 19171918 |
| Rank | Captain |
| Unit | No. 25 Squadron RFC |
| Commands | Aerial Fighting School No. 2 |
| Awards | Military Cross |


title: The March of Fools

abstract: The March of Fools is a 1975 South Korean comedy film directed by Ha Gil-jong.

text:
# The March of Fools

***The March of Fools*** (Korean: 바보들의 행진; RR: *Babodeuli haengjin*) is a 1975 South Korean comedy film directed by Ha Gil-jong.

## Plot

Philosophy university students, Byeong-tae and Yeong-cheol, make friends with French Literature female students, Yeong-ja and Sun-ja, from a nearby university. They often hang out, sharing their troubles and drinking together. They talk about their dreams for the future but the future is bleak.

## Cast

* Yun Mun-seop as Byeong-tae
* Ha Jae-young as Yeong-cheol
* Lee Young-ok as Yeong-ja
* Kim Yeong-suk as Sun-ja
* Hah Myung-joong
* Park Am

## InfoBox

| The March of Fools | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 바보행진 |
| Hanja | 바보들의 行進 |
| Revised Romanization | *Babodeurui Haengjin* |
| McCune–Reischauer | *Pabodŭrŭi Haengjin* |
|  | |
| Directed by | Ha Gil-jong |
| Screenplay by | Choi In-ho |
| Based on | novel *The March of Fools*<br>by Choi In-ho |
| Starring | Yun Mun-seop, Ha Jae-young |
| Cinematography | Jung Il-sung |
| Edited by | Hyeon Dong-chun |
| Music by | Kang Keun-shik |
| Release date | * May 31, 1975 (1975-05-31) |
| Running time | 105 minutes |
| Country | South Korea |
| Language | Korean |


title: Central High, Texas

abstract: Central High is an unincorporated community in Cherokee County, located in the U.S. state of Texas. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 30 in 2000. It is located within the Tyler-Jacksonville combined statistical area.

text:
# Central High, Texas

**Central High** is an unincorporated community in Cherokee County, located in the U.S. state of Texas. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 30 in 2000. It is located within the Tyler-Jacksonville combined statistical area.

## History

The area in what is known as Central High today was first settled in the early 1900s. It had a store and a Baptist church in 1919. The community center opened on May 12, 1963. The population was only 30 in 2000.

## Geography

Central High is located on Farm to Market Road 851, 4 mi (6.4 km) northeast of Alto in southeastern Cherokee County.

## InfoBox

| Central High, Texas | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Central HighCentral High | |
| Coordinates: 31°42′24″N 95°03′14″W / 31.70667°N 95.05389°W / 31.70667; -95.05389 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Texas |
| County | Cherokee |
| Elevation | 535 ft (163 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area codes | 430 & 903 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2034644 |


title: SonReal

abstract: Aaron Hoffman, better known by his stage name SonReal, is a Canadian singer, rapper, and songwriter signed to the Black Box Recordings record label.

text:
# SonReal

**Aaron Hoffman** (born August 16, 1985), better known by his stage name **SonReal**, is a Canadian singer, rapper, and songwriter signed to the Black Box Recordings record label.

## Musical career

### 2006–2012: *Early Career* and mixtapes

SonReal began his career in 2006 with the release of "Trapped in the Streets" (2006), followed by a series of mixtapes he recorded while living in Vancouver, BC. These included: *Good Morning* (2008), *The Stroll* (2009),*The Lightyear Mixtape* (2010), *Where's Waldo* (2010), *Words I Said* (2012), *Good News* (2012), and *One Long Day* (2014).

2012 also saw the release of *The Closers,* a collaboration with Toronto's Rich Kidd which was nominated for a Juno Award for Rap Recording of the Year in 2013. It also included the critically acclaimed single "Hometown"*.*

### 2013–2016: "Everywhere We Go" and EPs

In the summer of 2013, SonReal released the single and music video for his song "Everywhere We Go". His subsequent EP, the Juno-nominated *For The Town* (2015) included the songs "Preach", "For The Town", and "Woah Nilly".

In 2016, SonReal released *The Name* EP which included the singles "No Warm Up" and "Can I Get a Witness". "Can I Get a Witness" peaked at No. 52 on the Billboard Canadian Hot 100 chart, and was certified Platinum in Canada.

### 2017–2018: *One Long Dream, The X Factor* and standalone singles

In August 2017, SonReal released his first full length studio album entitled *One Long Dream*. Producers on the project include Rahki (known for his work with Kendrick Lamar, Syd, and Mac Miller), Alex Lustig, and the legendary DJ Khalil. This release saw the subsequent music video releases for the singles "Repo Man", "Grammy Song (Live)", "Problems", and "Potential". SonReal made his debut international radio appearance on Sway's Universe in August 2017 to promote the release of his album, which also included a live on-air freestyle during Sway's iconic "5 Fingers of Death" segment.

Following the release of this album SonReal released the song "My Friend" (produced by Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds and Charlie Handsome) on November 2, 2017. This song is a deeply personal and touching tribute to his late father Glenn Hoffman, who suffered a heart attack while SonReal was on tour in early 2016. A music video for *My Friend* was also released in November 2017.

In April 2018, SonReal was announced as a judge on the fifth and final season of the Canadian version of *The X Factor* replacing Paula Abdul. He became the first and only rapper to join since the show's inception. SonReal mentored the Groups category on which his act, rap trio CZN, won.

In July 2018, SonReal released the single "Have a Nice Day". The quirky music video for "Have a Nice Day" has since been nominated for a Juno Award for Video of the Year in 2019. along with a second nomination for a Prism Prize. The video was directed by Peter Huang and produced by Mad Ruk Entertainment, both of whom have been long time creative partners to SonReal.

SonReal released two other singles with accompanying music videos in the latter half of 2018: "Last Year" and "No More". "No More" was released in partnership with Telus as part of their campaign to end Cyber Bullying.

In 2020 SonReal was selected alongside Northcote, JJ Wilde and The OBGMs as one of four musical acts to be promoted by Collective Arts Brewing's Audio/Visual Lager, which publicizes independent musicians with special limited edition band-themed cans.

## Tours and live appearances

SonReal's live shows started coming together in 2008 when he met DJ Rich-A in Vancouver, BC. Together, the pair played live shows across Canada and the US. This would lay the groundwork for what would evolve into SonReal's live show as it is known today.

### *Everywhere We Go Tour (2014)*

In 2014, SonReal and DJ Rich-A were booked as the opening act on a 53-date tour with Seattle rapper Grieves which exposed him to a new audience of listeners. Previous Canadian domestic tours also included a direct support for Mac Miller's Ontario campus tour in February 2013, a 2014 Canada wide tour as direct support for Down with Webster, and SonReal's own 2014 headlining *Everywhere We Go Tour* in BC, Ontario, Quebec and the Maritimes. In February 2015 SonReal and DJ Rich-A joined Canadian hip hop artist Classified as direct support on his 26-date national *Greatful Tour*.

### *For The Town Tour (2015/2016)*

SonReal kicked off his own North American *For The Town* tour in Canada in May 2015. This 28-date headlining tour took him through eastern and western Canada as well as the United States. Another key opportunity as an opening act came in 2016 when SonReal headed out with Jon Bellion on an international tour in support of Jon's album *The Human Condition* in June/ July 2016. It was during The *Human Condition Tour* that SonReal expanded his live show to include guitar player Joey Resly.

### *No Warm Up Tour (2017)*

At the top of 2017, SonReal embarked on another 25-date headlining *No Warm Up* tour throughout Canada and the United States in support of his single *No Warm Up* and upcoming album *One Long Dream*. This was the first tour where SonReal added live drums to his band, played by Colanthony Humphrey.

### *One Long Dream Tour (2017)*

*One Long Dream* was released globally in August 2017, and SonReal immediately hit the road on a 45 date *One Long Dream* North American headlining tour in Sept – Dec 2017. This tour included DJ Rich-A (DJ, Keys), Colanthony Humphrey (Drums), Peter Huang (Guitar). This tour continued into early 2018 with 19 more dates being added in North America in Feb/ March 2018. In addition to this tour SonReal also performed at the SiriusXM Kickoff Show at the CFL's 105th Grey Cup on November 26, 2017 in Ottawa, Canada.

### *SonReal Goes Sightseeing Tour (2018)*

Having gained a large fan base touring North America over the last 4 years, SonReal took his live performance to Europe for the first time in Oct/Nov 2018. This included shows in Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, UK, Ireland, and Denmark as part of his *SonReal Goes Sightseeing Tour* in support of *One Long Dream* and his 2018 singles.

## Discography

### Studio albums

2022: *Nobody's Happy All the Time*

2019: *The Aaron LP*

2017: *One Long Dream*

### EPs

2021: *I Can't Make This Up*

2016: *The Name*

2015: *For The Town*

### Mixtapes

2014: *One Long Day*

2012: *Good News*

2012: *The Closers* (with Rich Kidd)

2012: *Good News*

2012: *Words I Said*

2010: *The Lightyear Mixtape*

2010: *Where's Waldo*

2009: *The Stroll*

2008: *Good Morning*

2006: *Trapped in the Streets*

## Awards and nominations

| **Year** | **Ceremony** | **Nominee/Work** | **Award** | **Result** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2013 | IHeartRadio Much Music Video Awards | "Hometown” | Hip Hop Video of the Year | Nominated |
| | Juno Award | *The Closers* | Rap Recording of the Year | Nominated |
| | 2014 | "Everywhere We Go” | Rap Recording of the Year | Nominated |
| | IHeartRadio Much Music Video Awards | "Everywhere We Go” | Video of the Year | Nominated |
| | | Director of the Year (Director: Peter Huang) | Nominated |
| | | Hip Hop Video of the Year | Nominated |
| | | MuchFact Video of the Year | Won |
| | | Viewers Choice Video of the Year | Nominated |
| | 2015 | "For The Town” | Best Post-Production | Nominated |
| | "Preach” | Best Hip Hop Video | Nominated |
| | Juno Award | "Preach” | Best Hip Hop Video | Nominated |
| 2016 | IHeartRadio Much Music Video Awards | "Whoa Nilly” | Best Hip Hop Video | Nominated |
| | | | Best MuchFACT Video | Nominated |
| 2019 | Juno Award | "Have a Nice Day" | Video of the Year | Nominated |

## InfoBox

| SonReal | |
| --- | --- |
| SonReal 2018 (Photo by Lee Watkins) | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Aaron Hoffman |
| Born | (1985-08-16) August 16, 1985<br>Vernon, British Columbia, Canada |
| Genres | Hip-Hop, Alternative hip hop, Northern hip hop, pop rap |
| Occupation(s) | Rapper, songwriter |
| Instrument(s) | Vocals, guitar |
| Years active | 2004–present |
| Labels | The 1851 Recordings, Black Box Recordings |
|  | |
| Website | www.sonreal.com |


title: Threshold (DC Comics)

abstract: Threshold was an ongoing comic book series published by DC Comics, as part of The New 52. Threshold is written by Keith Giffen and illustrated by Tom Raney. The series explores the space-oriented side and cosmic mythos of DC Universe.

text:
# Threshold (DC Comics)

***Threshold*** was an ongoing comic book series published by DC Comics, as part of The New 52. *Threshold* is written by Keith Giffen and illustrated by Tom Raney. The series explores the space-oriented side and cosmic mythos of DC Universe.

## Publication history

*Threshold* was announced on October 12, 2012, as part of a "Fourth Wave" of comics for The New 52. The series spun out of *Green Lantern: New Guardians Annual* #1 (March 2013), and *Blue Beetle* #16 (March 2013), picking up on plot threads that were developed. Giffen planned to re-introduce "dozens" of space-related characters into The New 52, among them: Omega Men, Space Ranger, Lady Styx, Space Cabbie and Star Hawkins.

A *Larfleeze* back-up, drawn by Scott Kolins, ran from issues #1 to #5. Larfleeze would spin-off into a self-titled series after the conclusion of the back-up.

A *Star Hawkins* back-up feature began with issue #6, drawn by Timothy Green II and Joseph Silver.

*Threshold* was cancelled with issue #8.

## Plot

In the conclusion of *Green Lantern: New Guardians Annual* #1 (March 2013), Jediah Caul, previously a deep cover member of the Green Lantern Corps working for the Guardians of the Universe, is captured and forced into *The Hunted*, with his discharged power ring embedded into his chest. His Green Lantern power battery is collected by the host of *The Hunted*, Bleeding Adonis.

*The Hunted* is a bounty hunting glimmernet game show taking place on Tolerance, a planet in Lady Styx's sector of space, the Tenebrian Dominion. Those who are labeled as being a threat to the Tenebrian Dominion have a bounty put on their head and are inducted into the game.

The series begins with Caul evading capture from hunters and hunt clubs. He is aided by Ember who, with Star Hawkins, was supposed to bring him in to join their resistance forces. Ember is also part of *The Hunted*. Another Hunted competitor, Stealth, runs into another competitor, Rikane "Ric" Starr, a former member of the Space Rangers. Starr is revealed to be working with Colonel T'omas T'morra, head of the resistance, to create blind spots for Hunted competitions. The "Crimson Thrust" hunt club attempts to ambush Stealth and Starr; however, they evade capture while taking out some of members.

Blue Beetle, last seen being captured by Lady Styx's henchmen, is also dropped into the competition, but without his scarab armed. Caul later meets up with T'morra and Ember at a bar, where they inform Caul of Beetle's presence, because his residual Green Lantern energy might have an effect on Beetle's Reach armor. Captain K'rot with his team, Sleen and Pig-Iron, are trying to claim Beetle's Scarab. The Scarab activates to protect its unconscious host. During their altercation with Beetle, they run into Caul, which causes the Scarab to go berserk. Once Caul gets far away enough from Beetle, Jaime Reyes regains control and flies away. Star Hawkins and Ilda, a robot uploaded with the personality and memories of his deceased wife, arrive to cloak Caul and tell him the location of his Green Lantern power battery.

Back at T'morra's bar, Starr and Ember are attempting to convince Stealth to join their crew. T'morra thinks that they could use reverse-propaganda, to turn the tables on the game, because Stealth is one of the longest living contestants in *The Hunted*. Ember tails Stealth, wanting to be friends and learn from her.

Blue Beetle is tracked by another Hunted contestant, a New God named Lonar, who has plans for Beetle.

Hawkins informs Caul of his power battery's location—a pocket dimension inside Bleeding Adonis' palace. K'rot is hired by an unknown party to steal Caul's battery and relocate it. During their individual attempts to gain access to Adonis, they become aware of each other's presence. K'rot decides to help Caul find his power battery. Ilda sacrifices her current body to keep Caul from getting caught.

Meanwhile, Adonis's secretary informs him of Lady Styx' negotiations with a collector, Brainiac, and that Adonis must relocate himself and his possessions. Before Adonis is able to make his exit, K'rot and Caul attempt to ambush Adonis, and gain access to his pocket dimension. However, Brainiac bottles Sh'diki Borough, leaving them trapped inside. Caul convinces Adonis to give him the power battery. After Caul charges his ring, Brainiac's drones attack him. Brainiac is revealed to be K'rot's mysterious benefactor.

Stealth and Ember are outside of the city when it gets bottled, but Ember gets shot in the head while they're on the move.

Caul manages to break the membrane around the bottled city, enlarging himself. He gets into a brief altercation with Brainiac, but Brainiac allows Caul to leave the ship unharmed, not wanting to damage his collection of bottled cities. Caul decides to abandon the others trapped in the city, only to have a change of heart, revealing that he had uploaded Ilda's memory chip into Brainiac's ship. Ilda is able to take control of the ship and then Brainiac. Brainiac quickly takes back control of his body, ejecting both Caul and the bottled city out of his ship. Ilda is later uploaded to a newly ordered body by Hawkins.

In T'morra's bar, it is revealed that Stealth ran off after Ember's apparent death. Ember regrows from a tree while having a conversation with T'morra. Hawkins interrupts their chat to discuss Lonar and his team-up with Blue Beetle. Their conversation is disrupted by news alerts about Caul, now utilizing his power ring, re-entering Tolerance airspace. After seeing a crowd cheering for Caul's return, Stealth begins to realize that T'morra's reverse-propaganda tactic might work.

Elsewhere, Lonar tells Blue Beetle that he is able to remove the Reach Scarab in return for his help.

With Caul's rising popularity as a hero, Adonis plans to exploit him in merchandising for more profit. After deciding to pitch the bottled city into the sun, he has a change of heart and continues on to Tolerance. Upon entering the Tolerance's space sector, he is contacted by Adonis who patches him into a call with Lady Styx. He is allowed safe passage and returns the city back to its location, but unable to enlarge the city back to proper size. He later is teleported elsewhere by Styx.

Stealth finally decides to join T'morra and his reverse-propaganda campaign with Caul; surprised that Ember is still alive after seeing her die, she learns that Ember is actually a plant. Meanwhile, Lonar and Beetle approach the bottled city using cloaking technology. Lonar disables Beetle's cloaking disc, using him as a distraction, while he enters the city and kills Adonis. Lonar picks up Adonis' pocket dimension, and disappears. Later Hawkins, Stealth, and Ember are ambushed by the Crimson Thrust and Lady Styx's soldiers. The barmaid is revealed to have been an actress, with Crimson Thrust all being actors as well.

Caul reappears in an office setting, where he is informed that *The Hunted* has been cancelled. In the same office, Beetle is sent back to Earth by a producer of the show. T'morra is revealed to have been the showrunner of *The Hunted*; he had been inserted into the show to advance the plots and keep all of the participants active. After a brawl between the two, T'morra offers Caul a lead role on a new show, *Team Cauldron* with the rest of his friends and Hunted competitors. Caul agrees to the role, having his power ring re-embedded into his chest. He is granted a meeting with Styx to finalize his new role. As soon as Caul materializes at her base, he is killed by multiple gunshots, as planned by T'morra. In a glimmernet commercial, it is shown that T'morra replaces Caul in the proposed new show, with a name change to *T'morra Never Comes*.

### Larfleeze (backup)

Larfleeze kidnaps and enlists Pulsar Stargrave as a scribe for a biography about himself, wanting a book similar to Guardians of the Universe's *Book of Oa*. Larfleeze begins dictating his history to Stargrave, before his ring receives a news alert about an Orange Lantern; Larfleeze goes to investigate. Upon returning, after realizing someone had played a joke on him, he finds he had been robbed of all of his belongings, including his Orange Lantern Power Battery. After questioning Stargrave, who had been knocked unconscious, about what had transpired, Larfleeze seeks out the Star Rovers. While attempting to negotiate with them, they are attacked by Orange Lantern constructs, which Larfleeze has no apparent control over. The constructs disperse after Larfleeze is hit in the head. After a discussion with Stargrave, the Star Rovers agree to help Larleeze find his belongings, free of charge. The Star Rovers take Larfleeze and Stargrave to a space diner, where they had set up a meeting with Branx Rancor, a treasure hunter. After a brawl about the pricing of Rancor's services, they are attacked by L.E.G.I.O.N. Larfleeze's constructs act without his control again. The situation calms down and an agreement is reached by all parties involved; it is later revealed that Sayd is the true mastermind, previously thought dead. Sayd had tampered with Larfleeze's power ring and placed post-hypnotic suggestions into Larfleeze's subconscious, as revenge for enslaving her, causing Larfleeze to destroy all of his belongings without any memory.

### Star Hawkins (backup)

Hawkins intends to sell pictures of a political figure in engaging in an extramarital affair. T'morra intervenes, destroying the pictures and hires him to find out the identity of "The Legend", the first and longest surviving *The Hunted* competitor, and to bring them in. While investigating, he and Ilda are detained by the Crimson Thrust and told that The Legend wants to meet them. After being escorted to the Legend, it is revealed that The Legend is in fact Lady Styx, the ruler of the Tenebrian Dominion. Ilda initiates a purge protocol, acting as a bomb and distraction for Hawkins to escape. Grabbing a gun from a member of the Crimson Thrust, he escapes. Upon leaving Styx's base, Caul unexpectedly materializes in front of him; out of reflex, Hawkins shoots Caul multiple times.

## Characters

*Threshold* features a variety of characters, some are revamped versions of previously existing characters, while others are created just for the series.

In the *Larfleeze* backup:

## InfoBox

| *Threshold* | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover of *Threshold* #1 (March 2013), art by Howard Porter and Hi-Fi. | |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | DC Comics |
| Schedule | Monthly |
| Format | Ongoing series |
| Genre |  |
| Publication date | March – October 2013 |
| No. of issues | 8 |
| Creative team | |
| Written by | Keith Giffen |
| Artist(s) | Tom Raney, Scott Kolins, Phil Winslade |
| Letterer(s) | Dezi Sienty, David Sharpe |
| Colorist(s) | Andrew Dalhouse, John Kalisz, Chris Sotomayor, Hi-Fi |
| Editor(s) | Kate Stewart, Joey Cavalieri, Matt Idelson, Kyle Andrukiewicz |


title: Lepidium perfoliatum

abstract: Lepidium perfoliatum is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common names clasping pepperweed and perfoliate pepperwort. It is native to Europe and Asia and it can be found in other parts of the world as an introduced species. This is an annual or biennial herb producing an erect stem to a maximum height near 60 centimeters. Leaves at the base of the plant are divided into linear lobes, while the leaves higher up on the stem are rounded to oval in shape and surround the stem. The tip of the stem is occupied by an inflorescence of very small flowers, each with yellow petals only 1 or 2 millimeters long. The fruit is a flattened oval or diamond-shaped capsule about 4 millimeters (0.16 in) long.

text:
# Lepidium perfoliatum

***Lepidium perfoliatum*** is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common names **clasping pepperweed** and **perfoliate pepperwort**. It is native to Europe and Asia and it can be found in other parts of the world as an introduced species.

This is an annual or biennial herb producing an erect stem to a maximum height near 60 centimeters. Leaves at the base of the plant are divided into linear lobes, while the leaves higher up on the stem are rounded to oval in shape and surround the stem. The tip of the stem is occupied by an inflorescence of very small flowers, each with yellow petals only 1 or 2 millimeters (0.039 or 0.079 in) long. The fruit is a flattened oval or diamond-shaped capsule about 4 millimeters (0.16 in) long.

## InfoBox

| *Lepidium perfoliatum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Brassicales |
| Family: | Brassicaceae |
| Genus: | *Lepidium* |
| Species: | ***L. perfoliatum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lepidium perfoliatum***<br>L. | |
|


title: St Leonard's Hospital, Hackney

abstract: St Leonard's Hospital is a hospital in Hoxton, London.

text:
# St Leonard's Hospital, Hackney

**St Leonard's Hospital** is a hospital in Hoxton, London.

## History

The hospital was founded as the infirmary for the St Leonard’s Shoreditch Workhouse in 1777. It was known as St Leonard's Infirmary. The workhouse was rebuilt between 1863 and 1866 and the infirmary was rebuilt in 1872. It had become known as St Leonard's Hospital by 1920 and came under the management of London County Council in 1930. It was the first hospital to receive casualties during the Blitz and then joined the National Health Service in 1948.

Although the hospital was the subject of a workers’ occupation aiming to keep the hospital open in July 1984, it ceased to operate a general hospital later that year. Nevertheless the building continues to provide services on behalf of Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust.

## Notable staff

* Joanna (also known as Joan) Inglis, (1863–1958), Matron 1902- until at least 1928. Inglis trained at The London Hospital under Matron Eva Luckes between 1892-1894. After her training she worked as a staff nurse before moving on for promotion. She was a member of the County and County Borough Matrons Association, and also Treasurer of the Poor Law Infirmary Matrons Association. During her time as matron, Inglis significantly improved nursing and nurse training at the hospital and thereby contributed to the professionalisation of Poor Law Nursing.
* Edith Cavell served as Assistant Matron at the hospital from 1903 to 1906. Cavell had also trained at The London Hospital.

## InfoBox

| St Leonard's Hospital | |
| --- | --- |
| Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust | |
| St Leonard's Hospital | |
| Location within Hackney | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Hoxton, London, England, United Kingdom |
| Coordinates | 51°32′00″N 0°04′39″W / 51.5333°N 0.0774°W / 51.5333; -0.0774 |
| Organisation | |
| Care system | NHS England |
| History | |
| Opened | 1777 |
| Links | |
| Lists | Hospitals in England |


title: Chiappa Little Badger

abstract: The Chiappa Little Badger is a family of Italian-made survival rifles and shotguns manufactured by Chiappa Firearms. The three basic models are chambered for.22LR,.22 WMR,.17WSM,.17HMR, and 9mm Flobert.

text:
# Chiappa Little Badger

The **Chiappa Little Badger** is a family of Italian-made survival rifles and shotguns manufactured by Chiappa Firearms. The three basic models are chambered for .22LR, .22 WMR, .17WSM, .17HMR, and 9mm Flobert.

## Little Badger Survival Rifle

The **Little Badger Survival Rifle** has a barrel length of 16.5 inches and measures 31 inches overall. It is a single-shot break-action rifle and, when folded, measures around 17.5 inches. The Little Badger features a wire buttstock and has a 12-round ammunition holder. Unloaded, it weighs approximately 2.9 pounds. Its safety mechanism is its hammer, which can be half-cocked to prevent accidental firing. The barrel is threaded at 28 threads per inch. Some versions use 1/2x20 TPI It uses M1 carbine-type sights and Picatinny rails on the barrel for additional sights, tac-lights, etc. An additional small section of picatinny rail sits behind the trigger, allowing the user to add a pistol grip. This model is chambered for .22LR, .22 WMR, .17WSM and .17HMR.

## Little Badger Shotgun

The **Little Badger Shotgun** is a garden gun version and is virtually identical to the rifle, except that it fires 9mm Flobert shot-shells from a 24-inch smooth-bore barrel, and lacks the sights and Picatinny rails.

## Little Badger Deluxe Shotgun

The **Little Badger Deluxe Shotgun** is another garden gun configuration. It features wooden furniture. It is 38.5 inches in overall length and fires 9mm Flobert shot-shells from a 24-inch smooth-bore barrel.

## InfoBox

| Little Badger | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | Break-action rifle |
| Place of origin | Italy |
| Production history | |
| Manufacturer | Chiappa Firearms |
| Unit cost | $229 USD (MSRP in 2018) |
| Variants | * Little Badger Shotgun * Little Badger Deluxe Shotgun |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 2.9 lb (1.3 kg) |
| Length | 31 in (79 cm) |
| Barrel length | 16.5 in (42 cm) |
| --- | |
| Cartridge |  |
| Action | Break-action |
| Feed system | Single-shot |
| Sights | Iron sights and Picatinny rails |


title: Fighting Pose wa Date ja Nai!

abstract: "Fighting Pose wa Date ja Nai!" is the second single by the Japanese pop girl group Berryz Kobo. It was released on April 28, 2004, and debuted at number 25 in the weekly Oricon singles chart.

text:
# Fighting Pose wa Date ja Nai!

**"Fighting Pose wa Date ja Nai!"** (ファイティングポーズはダテじゃない!, *Faitingu Pōzu wa Date ja Nai!*, "A Fighting Pose Isn't Showy!") is the second single by the Japanese pop girl group Berryz Kobo. It was released on April 28, 2004, and debuted at number 25 in the weekly Oricon singles chart.

## Track listing

1. "Fighting Pose wa Date ja Nai!" (Music and lyrics: Tsunku. Arrangement: Takahashi Yuichi)
2. "Natsu Wakame" (夏わかめ, *Summer Seaweed*) (Music and lyrics: Tsunku. Arrangement: Takahashi Yuichi)
3. "Fighting Pose wa Date ja Nai!" (Instrumental)

## Music video versions

* Normal version
* Dance-shot version
* Close-up version (group)

## Charts

| Chart (2004) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Japan (Oricon Weekly Singles Chart) | 25 |
|

## InfoBox

| "Fighting Pose wa Date ja Nai!" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Berryz Kobo | |
| from the album  *1st Chō Berryz* | |
| B-side | "Natsu Wakame" |
| Released | April 28, 2004 (2004-04-28) |
| Recorded | 2004 |
| Genre | Pop |
| Label | Piccolo Town |
| Songwriter(s) | Tsunku |
| Producer(s) | Tsunku |
| Berryz Kobo singles chronology | |
| "Anata Nashi de wa Ikite Yukenai"
(2004) "**Fighting Pose wa Date ja Nai!**"
(2004) "Piriri to Yukō!"
(2004) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Fighting Pose wa Date ja Nai!" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Reginald Gibbons

abstract: Reginald Gibbons is an American poet, fiction writer, translator, and literary critic. He is the Frances Hooper Professor of Arts and Humanities, Emeritus, at Northwestern University. Gibbons has published numerous books, including 11 volumes of poems, translations of poetry from ancient Greek, Spanish, and co-translations from Russian. He has published short stories, essays, reviews and art in journals and magazines, has held Guggenheim Foundation and NEA fellowships in poetry and a research fellowship from the Center for Hellenic Studies in Washington D.C. For his novel, Sweetbitter, he won the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award; for his book of poems, Maybe It Was So, he won the Carl Sandburg Prize. He has won the Folger Shakespeare Library's O. B. Hardison, Jr. Poetry Prize, and other honors, among them the inclusion of his work in Best American Poetry and Pushcart Prize anthologies. His book Creatures of a Day was a Finalist for the 2008 National Book Award for poetry. His other poetry books include Sparrow: New and Selected Poems, Last Lake and Renditions, his eleventh book of poems. Two books of poems are forthcoming: Three Poems in 2024 and Young Woman With a Cane in 2025. He has also published two collections of very short fiction, Five Pears or Peaches and An Orchard in the Street. Gibbons was born in Houston, Texas, and first attended public school in Houston before entering the Spring Branch independent school district. He received an AB in Spanish and Portuguese from Princeton University, and an MA in English and creative writing and a PhD in comparative literature from Stanford University. Before moving to Northwestern University to direct TriQuarterly Magazine, he taught Spanish at Rutgers and creative writing at Princeton and Columbia University. At Northwestern, he was the editor of TriQuarterly magazine from 1981 to 1997, and co-founded TriQuarterly Books. As the editor of TriQuarterly, he edited or co-edited the special issues Chicago (1984), From South Africa: New Writing, Photography and Art (1987), A Window on Poland (1983), Prose from Spain (1983), The Writer in Our World (1986), Thomas McGrath: Life and the Poem (1987), Writing and Well-Being (1989), New Writing from Mexico (1992), and others, as well as many general issues of the magazine. As the executor of the literary estate of William Goyen (1915–1983), Gibbons edited four works of Goyen: a posthumous volume of short stories, Had I a Hundred Mouths: New & Selected Stories 1947-1983; Goyen's posthumously published second novel, Half a Look of Cain; a 50th-Anniversary restored edition of The House of Breath; and a collection of nonfiction prose, Goyen: Autobiographical Essays, Notebooks, Evocations, Interviews. In 1989, Gibbons was one of a group of co-founders of the Guild Literary Complex (Chicago), a literary presenting organization. He was also a member of the Content Leadership Team that helped create the American Writers Museum (Chicago), and he remains on the national advisory board of the museum. With colleagues in the Guild Literary Complex, he also founded BrooksDay, an annual public reading in Chicago of the poetry of Gwendolyn Brooks. At Northwestern University, he was director of the Center for the Writing Arts; a faculty member of the Department of English; a faculty member of the Dept. of Classics; a former member of the Department of Spanish and Portuguese; the founder of the part-time MFA in Creative Writing within the School of Professional Studies at Northwestern University; a former director of graduate studies of the full-time Litowitz Graduate Creative Writing Program (MFA+MA); and a member of the Core Faculty of the Program in Comparative Literary Studies.

text:
# Reginald Gibbons

**Reginald Gibbons** (born 1947) is an American poet, fiction writer, translator, and literary critic. He is the Frances Hooper Professor of Arts and Humanities, Emeritus, at Northwestern University. Gibbons has published numerous books, including 11 volumes of poems, translations of poetry from ancient Greek, Spanish, and co-translations from Russian. He has published short stories, essays, reviews and art in journals and magazines, has held Guggenheim Foundation and NEA fellowships in poetry and a research fellowship from the Center for Hellenic Studies in Washington D.C. For his novel, *Sweetbitter*, he won the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award; for his book of poems, *Maybe It Was So*, he won the Carl Sandburg Prize. He has won the Folger Shakespeare Library's O. B. Hardison, Jr. Poetry Prize, and other honors, among them the inclusion of his work in *Best American Poetry* and *Pushcart Prize* anthologies. His book *Creatures of a Day* was a Finalist for the 2008 National Book Award for poetry. His other poetry books include *Sparrow: New and Selected Poems* (Balcones Prize), *Last Lake* and *Renditions*, his eleventh book of poems. Two books of poems are forthcoming: Three Poems in 2024 and Young Woman With a Cane in 2025. He has also published two collections of very short fiction, *Five Pears or Peaches* and *An Orchard in the Street*.

Gibbons was born in Houston, Texas, and first attended public school in Houston before entering the Spring Branch independent school district (at that time, outside Houston, Texas; now inside Houston's boundaries). He received an AB in Spanish and Portuguese from Princeton University, and an MA in English and creative writing and a PhD in comparative literature from Stanford University. Before moving to Northwestern University to direct *TriQuarterly Magazine*, he taught Spanish at Rutgers and creative writing at Princeton and Columbia University.

At Northwestern, he was the editor of *TriQuarterly* magazine from 1981 to 1997, and co-founded TriQuarterly Books (after 1997, an imprint of Northwestern University Press). As the editor of *TriQuarterly*, he edited or co-edited the special issues *Chicago* (1984), *From South Africa: New Writing, Photography and Art* (1987), *A Window on Poland* (1983), *Prose from Spain* (1983),  *The Writer in Our World* (a symposium of writers including Derek Walcott, Grace Paley, Robert Stone, C. K. Williams, Gloria Emerson, Carolyn Forche, Michael S. Harper, Mary Lee Settle, Ward Just, and others) (1986), *Thomas McGrath: Life and the Poem* (1987), *Writing and Well-Being* (1989), *New Writing from Mexico* (1992), and others, as well as many general issues of the magazine.

As the executor of the literary estate of William Goyen (1915–1983), Gibbons edited four works of Goyen: a posthumous volume of short stories, *Had I a Hundred Mouths: New & Selected Stories 1947-1983* (Clarkson Potter, 1985; Persea Books, 1986); Goyen's posthumously published second novel, *Half a Look of Cain* (Northwestern University Press, 1998); a 50th-Anniversary restored edition of *The House of Breath* (Northwestern University Press, 2000); and a collection of nonfiction prose, *Goyen: Autobiographical Essays, Notebooks, Evocations, Interviews* (University of Texas Press / Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center Imprint Series, 2007).

In 1989, Gibbons was one of a group of co-founders of the Guild Literary Complex (Chicago), a literary presenting organization (as of 2019 he is an emeritus board member). He was also a member of the Content Leadership Team that helped create the American Writers Museum (Chicago), and he remains on the national advisory board of the museum. With colleagues in the Guild Literary Complex, he also founded BrooksDay, an annual public reading in Chicago of the poetry of Gwendolyn Brooks.

At Northwestern University, he was director of the Center for the Writing Arts; a faculty member of the Department of English (which he chaired in 2002–2005); a faculty member of the Dept. of Classics; a former member of the Department of Spanish and Portuguese; the founder of the part-time MFA in Creative Writing within the School of Professional Studies at Northwestern University; a former director of graduate studies of the full-time Litowitz Graduate Creative Writing Program (MFA+MA); and a member of the Core Faculty of the Program in Comparative Literary Studies.

## Career

* Frances Hooper Professor of Arts and Humanities, Emeritus Northwestern University
* Formerly lecturer in Spanish, Livingston College, Rutgers University, 1975–76; lecturer in creative writing, Princeton University, 1976–1980; lecturer in creative writing, Columbia University School of General Studies, 1980–81; lecturer then professor of English, Northwestern University, 1981-
* Editor of *TriQuarterly* magazine, 1981–1997
* Core faculty member of *MFA Program for Writers*, Warren Wilson College (Asheville, North Carolina), 1989–2011
* Co-founder and member of the board of directors, Guild Complex, 1989–2019
* Member, National Advisory Council and Content Leadership Team, American Writers Museum, 2012–

## Poetry

* *Roofs Voices Roads* (Quarterly Review of Literature, 1979).
* *The Ruined Motel* (Houghton Mifflin, 1981).
* *Saints* (Persea Books, 1986).
* *Maybe It Was So* (University of Chicago Press, 1991). ISBN 978-0-226-29056-0.
* *Sparrow: New and Selected Poems* (LSU Press, 1997). ISBN 978-0-8071-2232-7.
* *Homage to Longshot O'Leary: Poems* (Holy Cow! Press, 1999).
* *It's Time: Poems* (LSU Press, 2002) ISBN 978-0-8071-2815-2.
* *Creatures of a Day: Poems* (LSU Press, 2008) ISBN 978-0-8071-3318-7.
* *Desde una barca de papel (Poemas 1981-2008)* (Littera Libros (Villanueva de la Serena, SPAIN), 2009, bilingual edition, English and Spanish).
* *Slow Trains Overhead: Chicago Poems and Stories* (University of Chicago Press, 2010) ISBN 978-0-226-29058-4.
* *L'abitino blue* (Gattomerlino (Rome, ITALY, 2012, bilingual edition, English and Italian).
* *Last Lake* (University of Chicago Press, 2016 ISBN 978-0-226-41745-5.
* *Renditions* (Four Way Books, 2021).

## Fiction

* *Sweetbitter: A Novel* a fourth reprint in paperback in 2023 by JackLeg Press (after previous editions by Broken Moon Press, Penguin Books, LSU University Press).
* *Five Pears or Peaches*. (Broken Moon Press, 1991).
* *An Orchard in the Street*. (BOA Editions, Ltd, 2017).

## Other books

*(Incomplete - to be updated)*

## InfoBox

| Reginald Gibbons | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1947 (age 7677)
Houston, Texas, U.S. |
| Occupation | * Poet * writer * translator * literary critic |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | Princeton University (AB)
Stanford University (MA, PhD) |
| Genre | Fiction |
| Notable awards | Anisfield-Wolf Book Award (1995) |
| Website | |
| www.reginaldgibbons.northwestern.edu | |


title: Central High School (Beaumont, Texas)

abstract: Central Medical Magnet High School (CMMHS) was a magnet high school in Beaumont, Texas. It was operated by the Beaumont Independent School District. The mascot was the jaguar.

text:
# Central High School (Beaumont, Texas)

**Central Medical Magnet High School** (**CMMHS**) was a magnet high school in Beaumont, Texas. It was operated by the Beaumont Independent School District. The mascot was the jaguar.

## History

CMMHS was established in 1986 by the merger of Beaumont Charlton-Pollard High School and French High School. In 2006 it received a medical magnet program.

In 2017 Hurricane Harvey (as Tropical Storm Harvey) hit the Beaumont area, damaging Central High's main building. The gymnasium remained open.

The school merged with Clifton J. Ozen High School in 2018 to form Beaumont United High School.

## Athletics

Each year Central and Ozen had an athletic match, the Soul Bowl. Central also had an athletic match with Westbrook High School, known as the Beaumont Bowl.

## Notable alumni


title: Bloomington, Maryland

abstract: Bloomington is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located in southeastern Garrett County, Maryland located at the confluence of the North Branch Potomac River and Savage River. It lies to the west of Luke on Maryland Route 135 and is bounded to the northwest by Savage River State Forest. As of the 2010 census the population of Bloomington was 305. Originally known as "Llangollen" when the town's post office was established on December 4, 1872, its name was later changed to "Bloomington". Jennings Randolph Lake to the southwest on the North Branch of the Potomac was completed in 1982 as "Bloomington Lake" but was renamed in 1987 by the United States Congress for West Virginia Senator Jennings Randolph. Borderside, a historic home, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. The Bloomington Viaduct was listed in 1976. A proposal has been filed with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission by Fairlawn Hydroelectric Company to construct a 10.5 MW hydroelectric facility at the Army Corps of Engineers-operated dam for the lake. Approvals were still pending in 2016.

text:
# Bloomington, Maryland

**Bloomington** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located in southeastern Garrett County, Maryland located at the confluence of the North Branch Potomac River and Savage River. It lies to the west of Luke on Maryland Route 135 and is bounded to the northwest by Savage River State Forest. As of the 2010 census the population of Bloomington was 305.

Originally known as "Llangollen" when the town's post office was established on December 4, 1872, its name was later changed to "Bloomington". Jennings Randolph Lake to the southwest on the North Branch of the Potomac was completed in 1982 as "Bloomington Lake" but was renamed in 1987 by the United States Congress for West Virginia Senator Jennings Randolph.

Borderside, a historic home, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. The Bloomington Viaduct was listed in 1976.

A proposal has been filed with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission by Fairlawn Hydroelectric Company to construct a 10.5 MW hydroelectric facility at the Army Corps of Engineers-operated dam for the lake. Approvals were still pending in 2016.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 271 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

## Climate

The climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Bloomington has a marine west coast climate, abbreviated "Cfb" on climate maps.

## InfoBox

| Bloomington, Maryland | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| View of Bloomington from West Virginia Route 46 across the North Branch Potomac River in Mineral County, West Virginia | |
| BloomingtonBloomington | |
| Coordinates: 39°28′46″N 79°04′37″W / 39.47944°N 79.07694°W / 39.47944; -79.07694 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Maryland |
| County | Garrett |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.65 sq mi (1.67 km2) |
| Land | 0.62 sq mi (1.61 km2) |
| Water | 0.03 sq mi (0.06 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,316 ft (401 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 271 |
| Density | 437.10/sq mi (168.72/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 21523 |
| Area codes | 301, 240 |
| FIPS code | 24-08050 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2583586 |


title: Chinese monal

abstract: The Chinese monal or Chinese impeyan is a pheasant. This monal is restricted to mountains of central China. The plumage is highly iridescent. The male has a large drooping purple crest, a metallic green head, blue bare skin around the eyes, a reddish gold mantle, bluish green feathers and black underparts. The female is dark brown with white on its throat. This is the largest of the three monals and, by mass, is one of the largest pheasants. Males measure 76–80 cm (30–31 in) in length while females measure 72–75 cm (28–30 in). The mean weight is reportedly 3.18 kg (7.0 lb). The scientific name, lhuysii, commemorates the French statesman Édouard Drouyn de Lhuys. Due to ongoing habitat loss and degradation, limited range and illegal hunting, the Chinese monal is evaluated as vulnerable on IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix I of CITES.

text:
# Chinese monal

The **Chinese monal** or **Chinese impeyan** (***Lophophorus lhuysii***) is a pheasant. This monal is restricted to mountains of central China. The plumage is highly iridescent. The male has a large drooping purple crest, a metallic green head, blue bare skin around the eyes, a reddish gold mantle, bluish green feathers and black underparts. The female is dark brown with white on its throat.

This is the largest of the three monals and, by mass, is one of the largest pheasants (after the turkeys and the green and Indian peafowls). Males measure 76–80 cm (30–31 in) in length while females measure 72–75 cm (28–30 in). The mean weight is reportedly 3.18 kg (7.0 lb).

The scientific name, *lhuysii*, commemorates the French statesman Édouard Drouyn de Lhuys.

Due to ongoing habitat loss and degradation, limited range and illegal hunting, the Chinese monal is evaluated as vulnerable on IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix I of CITES.

## In captivity

London Zoo and Beijing Zoo have kept Chinese monal but all attempts to establish a captive breeding population failed.

## InfoBox

| Chinese monal | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Captive male *L. lhuysii* | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| CITES Appendix I (CITES) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Galliformes |
| Family: | Phasianidae |
| Genus: | *Lophophorus* |
| Species: | ***L. lhuysii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lophophorus lhuysii***
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, A, 1866 | |
|


title: Threshold (1981 film)

abstract: Threshold is a 1981 Canadian drama/science fiction film directed by Richard Pearce, and starring Donald Sutherland and Jeff Goldblum. It was nominated for ten Genie Awards in 1983 and won two of them. Sutherland also won best actor at the 1982 Karlovy Vary International Film Festival for his performance. Threshold was filmed on location at the then newly constructed Ottawa General Hospital.

text:
# Threshold (1981 film)

***Threshold*** is a 1981 Canadian drama/science fiction film directed by Richard Pearce, and starring Donald Sutherland and Jeff Goldblum. It was nominated for ten Genie Awards in 1983 and won two of them. Sutherland also won best actor at the 1982 Karlovy Vary International Film Festival for his performance. *Threshold* was filmed on location at the then newly constructed Ottawa General Hospital.

## Plot

Respected cardiac surgeon Dr. Thomas Vrain performs a risky operation to provide a patient with the first artificial heart ever implanted in a human subject.

He and his colleague, research scientist Dr. Aldo Gehring, consider the risks and weigh the odds as time runs out for Carol Severance, the patient. Severance will die unless the experimental surgery is done quickly and succeeds.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Threshold | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Richard Pearce |
| Written by | James Salter |
| Produced by | * Jon Slan * Michael Burns |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Michel Brault |
| Edited by | * Susan Martin * Bill Yahraus |
| Music by |  |
| Distributed by | Pan-Canadian Film Distributors |
| Release date | * 1981 (1981) |
| Running time | 97 minutes |
| Country | Canada |
| Language | English |


title: Siloam Springs Cardinals

abstract: The Siloam Springs Cardinals were a minor league baseball team that represented Siloam Springs, Arkansas. In 1940 Siloam Springs played as members of the Arkansas–Missouri League in the final season of the league. The Siloam Springs "Cardinals" were a minor league affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals. The Cardinals followed previous Siloam Springs teams in the Arkansas–Missouri League and its predecessor, the Arkansas State League between 1934 and 1938.

text:
# Siloam Springs Cardinals

The **Siloam Springs Cardinals** (previously known as the **Buffaloes** and the **Travelers**) were a minor league baseball team that represented Siloam Springs, Arkansas. In 1940 Siloam Springs played as members of the Arkansas–Missouri League in the final season of the league. The Siloam Springs "Cardinals" were a minor league affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals. The Cardinals followed previous Siloam Springs teams in the Arkansas–Missouri League and its predecessor, the Arkansas State League between 1934 and 1938.

## History

The 1940 Siloam Springs Cardinals were a minor league affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals and played in the final season of the four-team Class D level Arkansas–Missouri League. Siloam Springs rejoined the league after a one year absence, after the league reduced teams in 1939.

Siloam Springs ended the 1940 season in last place, as the league disbanded on July 1, 1940. When the league folded, Siloam Springs had a record of 21-30 and ended the season 14.0 games behind the first place Carthage Pirates. The Cardinals were managed by Herb Moore.

## The ballpark

The Siloam Springs Cardinals hosted home minor league games at **Smiley Park**. The ballpark previously hosted the Siloam Springs Buffaloes (1934) and Siloam Springs Travelers (1935-1938) teams. The ballpark was located at the present site of Siloam Springs' Northside Elementary School. Northside Elementary School is located at 501 West Elgin Street in Siloam Springs, Arkansas.

## InfoBox

| Siloam Springs Cardinals | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Minor league affiliations | |
| Previous classes | Class D |
| League | Arkansas–Missouri League (1940) |
| Previous leagues | Arkansas–Missouri League (1936–1938)<br>Arkansas State League (1934–1935) |
| Major league affiliations | |
| Previous teams | St. Louis Cardinals (1940) |
| Minor league titles | |
| League titles | None |
| Team data | |
| Previous names | * **Siloam Springs Cardinals** (1940) * Siloam Springs Travelers (1935–1938) * Siloam Springs Buffaloes (1934) |
| Previous parks | Smiley Park |


title: Sproul Hill

abstract: Sproul Hill is a mountain in the Finger Lakes region of New York. It is located in west of Watkins Glen in Schuyler County. The mountain is the location of a 67-foot-6-inch-tall (20.57 m) steel fire lookout tower known as the Sugar Hill Fire Tower which was built in 1941. The tower ceased fire lookout operations at the end of 1988, and remains on the mountain and is open to the public.

text:
# Sproul Hill

**Sproul Hill** is a mountain in the Finger Lakes region of New York. It is located in west of Watkins Glen in Schuyler County. The mountain is the location of a 67-foot-6-inch-tall (20.57 m) steel fire lookout tower known as the **Sugar Hill Fire Tower** which was built in 1941. The tower ceased fire lookout operations at the end of 1988, and remains on the mountain and is open to the public.

## History

In 1940, a fire lookout tower was planned to be built near Prattsburgh. The district forest ranger wanted a tower to be built instead on Sproul Hill to see the next tower to insersect fires in the Corning-Painted Post area. In 1941, the Civilian Conservation Corps built a 67-foot-6-inch-tall (20.57 m) International Derrick steel fire lookout tower on the mountain. The tower, like many in the Southern Tier wasn't intended to be part of the system of towers in the Adirondack Mountains or Catskill Mountains, but to protect large areas of State Forest lands. The tower is 2.5 metres (0.0025 km) north-northwest of Sugar Hill but is known as the Sugar Hill Fire Tower due to the name of the reforestation area its in. Due to increased use of aerial detection, the tower ceased fire lookout operations at the end of the 1988 season and was officially closed in early 1989. The tower remains on the mountain and is open to the public.

## InfoBox

| Sproul Hill | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Sproul Hill within New YorkSproul Hill (the United States) | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 2,093 feet (638 m) |
| Coordinates | 42°23′13″N 77°00′09″W / 42.38702°N 77.00247°W / 42.38702; -77.00247 |
| Geography | |
| Location | W of Watkins Glen, Schuyler County, New York, U.S. |
| Topo map | USGS *Wayne* |


title: Chiba Institute of Science

abstract: Chiba Institute of Science is a private university in Chōshi, Chiba, Japan, established in 2004.

text:
# Chiba Institute of Science

**Chiba Institute of Science** (千葉科学大学, *Chiba kagaku daigaku*) is a private university in Chōshi, Chiba, Japan, established in 2004.

35°42′14.76″N 140°50′39.95″E / 35.7041000°N 140.8444306°E / 35.7041000; 140.8444306

## InfoBox

Chiba Institute of Science
| 千葉科学大学;<br>*Chiba kagaku daigaku* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | Private |
| Established | 2004 |
| Location | Chōshi, Chiba, Japan |
| Website | www.cis.ac.jp |


title: Do Raha

abstract: Do Raha is a 1971 Hindi-language erotic drama film. The film stars Anil Dhawan, Radha Saluja, Shatrughan Sinha. The film was remade in Tamil as Aval (1972).

text:
# Do Raha

***Do Raha*** (transl.Two Paths) is a 1971 Hindi-language erotic drama film. The film stars Anil Dhawan, Radha Saluja, Shatrughan Sinha.

The film was remade in Tamil as *Aval* (1972).

## Cast

## Music

All songs were written by Indeevar.

| Song | Singer |
| --- | --- |
| "Tumhi Rehnuma Ho" | **Asha Bhosle** |
| "Dole Jhumka Mera" | **Asha Bhosle** |
| "Meri Bagiya Ki Kali" | **Asha Bhosle** |
|

## InfoBox

| Do Raha | |
| --- | --- |
| Poster | |
| Directed by | Firoze Chinoy |
| Starring | Anil Dhawan
Radha Saluja
Shatrughan Sinha |
| Music by | Sapan-Jagmohan |
| Release date | * 21 November 1971 (1971-11-21) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi |


abstract: The Central Square Historic District is a historic district encompassing the Central Square area of downtown Lynn, Massachusetts. The area is at the confluence of a number of city streets, and includes buildings that border on Central Avenue, Willow Street, Munroe Street, Lake Street, Almont Street. It is a small part of Lynn's "Burned District", a large area of the downtown that was destroyed by fire in 1889. One of the first buildings built after the fire, the Bergengren Block, stands at the corner of Union Street and Central Square. It also includes the Mowers' Block, listed on the National Register in 1982. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

text:
# Central Square Historic District (Lynn, Massachusetts)

The **Central Square Historic District** is a historic district encompassing the Central Square area of downtown Lynn, Massachusetts. The area is at the confluence of a number of city streets, and includes buildings that border on Central Avenue, Willow Street, Munroe Street, Lake Street, Almont Street. It is a small part of Lynn's "Burned District", a large area of the downtown that was destroyed by fire in 1889. One of the first buildings built after the fire, the Bergengren Block, stands at the corner of Union Street and Central Square. It also includes the Mowers' Block, listed on the National Register in 1982.

The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Central Square Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Lynn, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 42°27′50″N 70°56′44″W / 42.46389°N 70.94556°W / 42.46389; -70.94556 |
| Architect | Multiple |
| Architectural style | Classical Revival, Beaux Arts, Romanesque |
| NRHP reference No. | 85003335 |
| Added to NRHP | December 10, 1985 |


abstract: The Diocese of San Bernardino is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, in Southern California in the United States. Erected by Pope Paul VI on July 14, 1978, its jurisdiction extends over San Bernardino and Riverside counties. As of 2021, the diocese had 92 parishes and 12 missions in its territory. Its cathedral is Our Lady of the Rosary Cathedral in San Bernardino. The Diocese of San Bernardino is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Los Angeles.

text:
# Roman Catholic Diocese of San Bernardino

The **Diocese of San Bernardino** (Latin: *Dioecesis Sancti Bernardi*, Spanish: *Diócesis de San Bernardino*) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, in Southern California in the United States. Erected by Pope Paul VI on July 14, 1978, its jurisdiction extends over San Bernardino and Riverside counties. As of 2021, the diocese had 92 parishes and 12 missions in its territory. Its cathedral is Our Lady of the Rosary Cathedral in San Bernardino.

The Diocese of San Bernardino is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Los Angeles.

## Demographics

In 2019, the Diocese of San Bernardino reported a population of 1,740,655 Catholics, a 22,000 increase from the previous year. That made San Bernardino the fifth largest Catholic diocese in the United States. The main cause of this increase was thought to be the increasing migration of Hispanics to the area in part due to the economic opportunities and affordable housing in comparison to the rest of California.

## History

### 1800 to 1821

During the 18th century, the San Bernardino and Riverside areas were part of the province of Las Californias in the Spanish colony of New Spain. In 1804, the Spanish split the Province of California into two territories:

Spanish missionaries from the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel in present-day Los Angeles established the first church in the San Bernardino area in 1810 at the village of Wa'aachnga, later Politania, between what is now San Bernardino and Colton. Reverend Francisco Dumetz named the church San Bernardino after the feast day of St. Bernardino of Siena. The Franciscans also named the San Bernardino Mountains.

The first European settlement in present-day Riverside County was an estancia, or farmer, established by the Mission San Luis Rey de Francia at the Luiseño village of Temescal. In 1819, Franciscan missionaries established the San Bernardino de Sena Estancia in what is today Redlands.

After the Mexican War of Independence ended in 1821, Alta California became part of Mexico. The Mexican Government in 1835 secularized all the Catholic missions in Alta California, including the Mission San Luis Rey de Francia.

### 1821 to 1859

In 1840, Pope Gregory XVI set up the Diocese of California. The new diocese included both Alta California and Baja California. Gregory XVI set the episcopal see at present-day San Diego in Alta California. The first bishop of the new diocese was Francisco Garcia Diego y Moreno. Moreno designated the Mission Santa Barbara in Santa Barbara as his pro-cathedral.

After ceding Alta California to the United States at the close of the Mexican–American War in 1848, the government of Mexico objected to San Diego, a see city now located in the United States, having jurisdiction over Mexican parishes. In response, the Vatican divided the Diocese of California into American and Mexican sections in 1849. The American section became the Diocese of Monterey; the see city was moved to Monterey because of its more central location. The Royal Presidio Chapel in Monterey became the cathedral of the new American diocese.

### 1859 to 1978

In 1859, Pius IX renamed the Diocese of Monterey as the Diocese of Monterey-Los Angeles to recognize the growth of Los Angeles; the see was transferred to Los Angeles in 1876. St. Francis de Sales, the first parish in Riverside County, was established in 1886.

In 1922, the Vatican divided the diocese again, with the southern portion becoming the Diocese of Los Angeles-San Diego. The Diocese of San Diego was erected in 1936, including San Bernardino and Riverside Counties. These two counties would remain part of the Diocese of San Diego for the next 42 years.

### 1978 to present

Pope John Paul II erected the Diocese of San Bernardino on November 6, 1978, taking San Bernardino and Riverside Counties from the Diocese of San Diego. He appointed Reverend Phillip Straling of San Diego as the first bishop of San Bernardino.

During Straling's episcopate, the diocese grew from about 235,000 people to 800,000, and from 85 parishes to 105. For the formation for ministry, he established a diaconate program, and started the Straling Institute in 1980 for laymen. In 1995, John Paul II named Straling as bishop of the Diocese of Reno and replaced him in San Bernardino with Auxiliary Bishop Gerald Barnes.

Under Barnes, the diocese operated three high schools, twenty-three elementary schools and three pre-schools. In 2001, Barnes inaugurated the Annual Bishop's Golf Classic to fund scholarships to families who are unable to afford a Catholic education for their children. During his tenure, Barnes closed four primary schools in the California communities of Barstow, Banning, Apple Valley and San Bernardino. The high desert portion of the diocese currently has no Catholic schools.In 2019, Auxiliary Bishop Alberto Rojas of the Archdiocese of Chicago was appointed as coadjutor bishop of the Diocese of San Bernardino by Pope Francis to assist Barnes.

When Barnes retired in 2020, Rojas automatically succeeded him as bishop. In May 2023 seven priests were ordained for San Bernardino, the largest number of ordinations in the diocese's history. As of 2023, the current bishop of San Bernardino is Alberto Rojas.

### Sex abuse

Former Monsignor Patrick O'Keefe was charged in August 2002 with 15 felony counts of oral copulation with a minor. Then serving in the Diocese of San Diego, O'Keefe fled to Ireland and was never arrested. The alleged victim, then a 17 year old girl, said she was abused by O'Keefe in 1972. She reported the abuse to the diocese in 1989, but it did nothing. The diocese finally removed O'Keefe from ministry in 1994 after receiving abuse reports from other women; at that time, the diocese reached a settlement with one of his victims. In July 2003, a US Supreme Court ruling on a California law forced prosecutors to drop the O'Keefe case.

In April 2003, the Diocese of San Bernardino sued the Archdiocese of Boston. The diocese charged that the archdiocese gave them false information on Paul R. Shanley, a priest who transferred to San Bernardino from Boston in 1990. The archdiocese had sent Shanley to California to recover from various ailments and practices ministry part time. Despite Shanley having a record of sexual abuse of minors in Massachusetts, the archdiocese described him to the diocese as "a priest in good standing". In 1990, Shanley was accused of abusing a male teenager at Cabana Club Resort, a gay-oriented hotel that Shanley and another priest owned in Palm Springs. In 2002, Shanley was extradited from California to Massachusetts to face sexual assault charges there. In July 2003, after speaking to the new archbishop of Boston, Sean O'Malley, Barnes decided to drop the lawsuit.

Reverend Joseph Jablonski, a visiting priest with the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart, was removed from ministry in the diocese in 2014. The diocese had received a complaint that Jablonski had been grooming a young man for a possible sexual encounter. His order sent Jablonski to treatment, then assigned him again to ministry. Jablonski worked in three Illinois dioceses until 2018, when his name appeared on the San Bernardino list of credibly accused priests.

Reverend Marcelo De Jesumaria of Arrowhead was convicted in May 2015 of sexually abusing a female passenger during an August 2014 flight from Philadelphia to Los Angeles. After waking from a nap, the victim realized that De Jesumaria was groping her breast and groin. He was arrested after the plane arrived in Los Angeles. In August 2015, he was sentenced to six months in prison and six months of home detention. De Jesumaria was immediately suspended from ministry after his arrest.

In 2018, the diocese released a list of 34 priests with credible accusations of sexual abuse of minors since the founding of the diocese in 1978. The diocese announced in May 2019 its participation with other Southern California dioceses in a voluntary compensation plan for victims of sexual abuse by clergy.

Nick Flores in December 2019 sued the diocese, claimed that he had been sexually abused by Reverend Louis Perreault at Our Lady of the Valley Church in Hemet in the 1990s. His attorneys accused the diocese of having been a so-called dumping ground for sexually abusive priests. The diocese had permanently removes Perreault from ministry in September 2011 after receiving abuse allegations against him.

## Bishops

### Bishops of San Bernardino

1. Phillip Francis Straling (1978–1995), appointed Bishop of Reno
2. Gerald Richard Barnes (1995–2020)
3. Alberto Rojas (2020–present)

### Coadjutor bishops

Alberto Rojas (2019–2020)

### Auxiliary bishops

## High schools

Our Lady of the Desert School in Yucca Valley is not associated with the diocese, though it offers traditional Catholic education.

34°07′46″N 117°17′35″W / 34.1294°N 117.2930°W / 34.1294; -117.2930

## InfoBox

| Diocese of San Bernardino
**Dioecesis Sancti Bernardi**
Diócesis de San Bernardino | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Our Lady of the Rosary Cathedral | |
| Coat of arms | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| Territory | Counties of San Bernardino and Riverside, California |
| Ecclesiastical province | Los Angeles |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 70,689 km2 (27,293 sq mi) |
| Population
- Total
- Catholics | (as of 2019)
4,650,631
1,740,655 (37.4%) |
| Parishes | 92 |
| Schools | 30 |
| Information | |
| Denomination | Catholic |
| *Sui iuris* church | Latin Church |
| Rite | Roman Rite |
| Established | November 6, 1978 |
| Cathedral | Our Lady of the Rosary Cathedral |
| Patron saint | St. Bernardine of Siena
Our Lady of Guadalupe |
| Current leadership | |
| Pope | Francis |
| Bishop | Alberto Rojas |
| Metropolitan Archbishop | José Gómez |
| Bishops emeritus |  |
| Map | |
|  | |
| Website | |
| sbdiocese.org | |