title: D'Orbigny's chat-tyrant

abstract:
D'Orbigny's chat-tyrant is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae.
It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland.

text:
# D'Orbigny's chat-tyrant

**D'Orbigny's chat-tyrant** (***Ochthoeca oenanthoides***) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland.

## InfoBox

| D'Orbigny's chat-tyrant | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Tyrannidae |
| Genus: | *Ochthoeca* |
| Species: | ***O. oenanthoides*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ochthoeca oenanthoides***
(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) | |
|
|  | |
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Cuthbert Bardsley

abstract: Cuthbert Killick Norman Bardsley was an Anglican bishop and evangelist who served as Bishop of Croydon from 1947 to 1956 and Bishop of Coventry from 1956 to 1976. It was during his tenure at Coventry that the new cathedral was consecrated in 1962, following the destruction of its 14th-century predecessor during the Second World War.

text:
# Cuthbert Bardsley

**Cuthbert Killick Norman Bardsley** CBE ChStJ (28 March 1907 – 9 January 1991) was an Anglican bishop and evangelist who served as Bishop of Croydon from 1947 to 1956 and Bishop of Coventry from 1956 to 1976. It was during his tenure at Coventry that the new cathedral was consecrated in 1962, following the destruction of its 14th-century predecessor during the Second World War.

## Formative years

Cuthbert Bardsley was born at Ulverston in Cumbria on the 28 March 1907, the youngest of six children of a Church of England vicar, Norman Bardsley, and his wife Annie Killick. In 1909 his father became vicar of Lancaster where Bardsley spent his childhood. He came from a family steeped in the tradition of Anglicanism who, within three generations, produced 29 priests and three bishops. In addition to Bardsley, consecrated in 1947, his lineage included John Wareing Bardsley, Bishop of Carlisle (1892–95) and his uncle Cyril Bardsley, Bishop of Peterborough (1924–27).

Cuthbert was educated at Summer Fields School, Oxford and entered Eton College in 1919. At 6' 6" in height when fully grown he was a natural sportsman and Bardsley excelled at sport and showed aptitude for art. A regular attender at Eton college chapel Bardsley left Eton in 1926 ... *still a nominal adherent of the Lord but far from a committed follower*... At New College, Oxford, Bardsley read Modern Greats enlisting wholeheartedly in the activities of the Oxford Group, an evangelical grouping founded by Frank Buchman that called for a moral crusade into society. Ultimately Bardsley distanced himself from Buchman but throughout his years as a pastor he retained an evangelical zeal to take the Christian message into all parts of society. Oxford cemented Bardsley's belief in ...*Christianity with a purpose*... and by 1930 he was on a path to ordination.

## Ministry

As an Anglican ordinand Bardsley attended Westcott House, Cambridge, in 1930, where the principal was Bertram Cunningham, who has been described by Archbishop Donald Coggan as "a man who probably influenced the Church of England more than other teacher this (20th) century". He was not, however, an enthusiast of the Oxford Group believing that the zealousness of some of the adherents could lead to a situation of Schism. There were tensions at Westcott during these years but Cunningham's teaching methods overcame potential rifts. Bardsley's time at Westcott House proved a happy period in his life. He was part of an influential in-take and contemporaries include: Launcelot Fleming, later Bishop of Norwich, Forbes Horan later Bishop of Tewkesbury and Geoffrey Tiarks, Bishop of Maidstone.

Whilst at Westcott House, Bardsley met Philip Clayton, known as 'Tubby', a renowned churchman and preacher who during the Great War had founded a retreat for soldiers at Poperinghe, Belgium that became famous as a sanctuary. Clayton used the symbol of a lamp to found the TocH, to promote reconciliation and work to bring disparate sections of society together particularly within cities. Clayton's living of All Hallows-by-the-Tower was in the City of London and it was to the East End of London in 1932 initially as a deacon and then upon ordination in 1933 as a curate that Bardsley first served his ministry. A conviction that he should remain mindful of the activities of the Oxford Group remained and in 1935 he sought the permission of the Bishop of London, Arthur Winnington-Ingram to work full-time as one of their totems. His subsequent mission took him to Norway, Denmark and Switzerland as well as extensive work at home. During the mid-30s the Oxford Group witnessed large attendances and conversions to evangelical Anglicanism. Initially Beardsley remained zealous in his support but as the 1930s progressed he began to harbour doubts about his involvement in the Oxford Group particularly after it became the Moral Re-Armament movement in 1938. Bardsley concluded that the movement had strayed from its founding principles of Jesus as Saviour into a more general purpose on morality and shortly after ended his formal association.

Bardsley returned to London in 1940 as vicar of St. Mary Magdalene Woolwich, where he was joined by his sister Dorothy who was to become his helper and companion for the next thirty two years. As the bombing of London continued during 1940 - 41 Bardsley worked tirelessly, sometimes to the point of exhaustion, in providing practical and spiritual aid to his parishioners. Although the Woolwich church stayed open during the Blitz (indeed the crypt was a sanctuary) Bardsley organised Industrial Missions to take the Gospel to the factories and offices. These missions were a guiding principle of Bardsley's wherever he served. He did not believe in sitting in a church and waiting for people to come to him.

Bardsley spent four years at Woolwich, later moving to the position of Provost of Southwark Cathedral on London's South Bank in 1944. Although the Blitz had ended rockets in the shape of flying bombs added a further test of morale to Londoners (and further afield). Bardsley's bishop, Bertram Simpson was an admirer of the notion of 'Industrial Mission' and saw Bardsley as the ideal man to lead an evangelical mission into the docks, wharfs, markets, factories and offices of the South Bank. As the war concluded Bardsley was vocal in stating that now the war was over the Church needed to win the peace As a consequence the Archbishop of Canterbury Geoffrey Fisher invited Bardsley's to undertake a pastoral visit to troops under the British Army of The Rhine where he visited thirty-three regiments, made numerous broadcasts, took part in several reconciliation events and partook in many services. In November 1947 his mission changed again with his appointment as Suffragan Bishop of Croydon.

## Ministry as Bishop

Although based at Croydon as one of Archbishop Fisher's suffragans, Bardsley was instructed to continue his mission to the Combined Forces. He remained as Bishop of Croydon for nearly nine years combining pastoral duties in Croydon with frequent visits overseas in support of his priests working with the Forces. Croydon had been badly bombed during the war and Bardsley involved himself in the reconstruction that was needed. The importance of taking the mission to industry remained a central tenet and he founded the Croydon Industrial Chaplaincy in 1950 to promote Christianity’s relationship with local industry. Bardsley realised that the Church needed to provide practical leadership if it was to remain relevant to many peoples' lives that had been disrupted by the War and the long period of austerity that followed.

The huge workload that Bardsley undertook started to effect his health and after a visit to Kenya in 1952 he suffered a minor thrombosis necessitating a period in hospital and convalescence. Bardsley was not a man to rest for long and returned to work too early subsequently developing further thromboses and a duodenal ulcer, the intense pain of which reoccurred for the rest of his life. Bardsley was appointed a CBE in the Birthday honours List in 1952. In 1957 he received an honorary Doctor of Divinity from Oxford University.

Following the death in office of Bishop Neville Gorton in 1956, Cuthbert Bardsley was appointed to the See of Coventry. The Fourteenth Century The Cathedral Church of St. Michael had been destroyed overnight on 14 November 1940 during the Coventry Blitz by the Luftwaffe. In the following years a new cathedral, designed by architect Basil Spence and next to the ruins of the old cathedral was built and consecrated in 1962. Bardsley oversaw its renewal as a centre of Christian teaching. As in previous postings Bardsley sought at every opportunity to take the Gospel into Coventry's factories and offices, acquiring the affectionate sobriquet of *The Works Padre*. As bishop he built up a network of representatives from all walks of life that included: politicians, trade union leaders, faith groups and educationalists. Regular conferences to which community leaders were invited were arranged as Bardsley continued to seek a central place for The Church in peoples' lives. Although Bardsley operated best in a city environment his diocese also included many rural parishes which were reorganised and revitalised through regular meetings with their Bishop. The city recognised his service to them and bestowed honours upon him that included president of Coventry City Football Club and in 1976 an honorary DLitt of Warwick University. As a leading Anglican evangelist, it was Bardsley's deep concern that evangelism should be at the centre of the Church's thinking and strategy. This was not a universally held position and Bardsley fretted that the evangelical zeal he felt was not high enough on the Church's agenda. In 1967 he persuaded Archbishop Michael Ramsey to set up the Archbishop's Council on Evangelism. Bardsley was chairman with a purpose to measure, evaluate and propagate news of evangelist enterprises. These included Lee Abbey an evangelical retreat in Devon where Bardsley was chairman of their Council. He remained a committed evangelist for the remainder of his ministry. In 1963 he took his seat as a Lords Spiritual in the House of Lords where he offered practical help and solutions on issues that included Third World poverty and famine relief.

In 1972 Bardsley married Ellen Mitchell and in May 1976 he resigned the see at Coventry. In his retirement at Cirencester he remained committed to evangelical causes, particularly Lee Abbey, which he visited regularly in his remaining years. Bardsley was also an enthusiastic amateur oil painter, and several of his works have appeared at auction room sales in recent years. Cuthbert Bardsley died on 8 January 1991.

The high altar cross by Geoffrey Clarke created in 1962 for the consecration of the new Coventry cathedral was dedicated as a memorial to Bardsley after his death. It is made from silver and plated with gold, and is an abstract work representing a phoenix rising from the ashes. Three medieval nails which were part of the old cathedral's roof are incorporated within the structure. This cross of nails was inspired by the example of the ministry for reconciliation and forgiveness led by Bishop

## Biography

* Donald Coggan, *Cuthbert Bardsley: Bishop, Evangelist, Pastor,* Collins, London, 1989. ISBN 0 00 215094-8

## Bibliography

* 1952: Bishop's Move, Cuthbert Bardsley, Bishop of Croydon, published by A R Mowbray
* 1953: An address given by C.K.N. Bardsley, Bishop suffragan of Croydon, AGM of the Church of England Soldiers', Sailors'and Airmen's Institutes at Church House, Westminster SW1 on 8 July 1953.
* 1962: Sundry Times, Sundry Places, Bardsley, published by A R Mowbray
* 1967: Him We Declare, Cuthbert Bardsley and William Purcell published by Mowbray
* 1970: I Believe in Mission, Bardsley published by Mowbray

## InfoBox

| The Right Reverend
Cuthbert Bardsley
CBE ChStJ | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Coventry | |
| Bishop Bardsley in 1962 | |
| Church | Church of England |
| Province | Canterbury |
| Diocese | Diocese of Coventry |
| Elected | 5 May 1956 |
| Term ended | 5 May 1976 (retired) |
| Predecessor | Neville Gorton |
| Successor | John Gibbs |
| Other post(s) | Bishop of Croydon
1947–1956 |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | September 1932 |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1907-03-28)28 March 1907
Ulverston, Cumbria, United Kingdom |
| Died | 19 January 1991(1991-01-19) (aged 83)
Cirencester, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom |
| Nationality | British |
| Denomination | Anglican |
| Parents | Norman Bardsley and Annie Mabel Killick |
| Spouse | Ellen Mitchell |
| Education | Eton College |
| Alma mater | New College, Oxford |


title: Cuthbert Brodrick

abstract: Cuthbert Brodrick FRIBA was a British architect, whose most famous building is Leeds Town Hall.

text:
# Cuthbert Brodrick

**Cuthbert Brodrick** FRIBA (1 December 1821 – 2 March 1905) was a British architect, whose most famous building is Leeds Town Hall.

## Early life

Brodrick was born in the Yorkshire port of Hull where his father was a well-to-do merchant and shipowner. He was the sixth son of ten children of John and Hannah Brodrick. The family lived at 39 George Street in the best residential area of Hull.

## Education and training

Brodrick attended Kingston College in Hull and, on leaving school, he became an articled pupil in the architectural practice of Henry Francis Lockwood whose premises were at 8 Dock Street. Brodrick remained at Lockwoods from 1837 until May 1844 when he embarked on the Grand Tour to continue his studies. He travelled through France to Rome in Italy. Whilst on the tour, he studied architecture in Paris; it influenced his later designs.

When Brodrick returned to Hull in 1846, he was offered a partnership in Lockwood's firm. He refused this, and set up in practice on his own at 1, Savile Street in Hull. He designed a number of buildings within the town. On leaving practice in 1870, he was succeeded in the business by his nephew Frederick Stead Brodrick.

## Leeds

In 1852, aged 29, Brodrick entered and won a competition for the design of Leeds Town Hall. The competition was judged by Charles Barry. The town hall was opened in September 1858 by Queen Victoria. Brodrick moved to an office at 30 Park Row, Leeds and acquired the nickname 'Town Hall, Leeds'.

Brodrick's only church was Headingley Congregational Church on Headingley Lane.

## Notable buildings

### Leeds

### Hull

Brodrick designed a number of buildings in Hull, including the Royal Institution building in 1852 (which was destroyed in the Hull Blitz in 1941), and the Renaissance-style Town Hall in 1866, which was demolished in 1905 to make way for the present Guildhall. Since the demolition of Wellington House, in the Fruit Market area of the city, in 2014, no significant buildings by Brodrick survive in Hull.

### Elsewhere

Brodrick designed the Grand Hotel in Scarborough. Completed in 1867, it was one of the largest hotels in the world.

Brodrick designed Yokefleet Hall, Yorkshire which commenced building in 1868. Many properties in Yokefleet were built around the time and in style of the house, including two lodges, east and west of the hall.

Brodrick designed Wells House which opened in 1856 as a Hydro, offering water treatments and pure air.

## Personal life

In 1870, Brodrick moved to France where in 1876 he bought a house at Le Vésinet, St. Germain-en-Laye. He retired in 1875, and spent his time painting, exhibiting his work and gardening. In about 1898 he went to live with his niece in Jersey, where he rented a house, La Colline, at Gorey. Whilst living there he designed, and planted a garden. He died in Jersey on 2 March 1905, and is buried in St Martin's Churchyard.

## Legacy

Among Brodrick's pupils was Joseph Wright.

A Wetherspoons public house, the 'Cuthbert Brodrick', opened on 22 October 2007 on Millennium Square in Leeds opposite one of the buildings he designed (the Leeds City Museum) and not far from another (Leeds Town Hall). It is near the site on Cookridge Street of the Oriental Baths which he also designed; they were built in 1866 and demolished in 1969.

Brodrick was the subject of a 2007 BBC2 television programme, *The Case of the Disappearing Architect*, by Jonathan Meades.

Cuthbert Brodrick is commemorated on four blue plaques, on Leeds Town Hall, Brodrick's Building, Wells House and Leeds Corn Exchange.

## Further reading

* Linstrum, Derek (1999). *Towers and Colonnades: The Architecture of Cuthbert Brodrick*. Leeds, UK: The Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society. ISBN 1870737113. OCLC 833552086.

## InfoBox

| Cuthbert Brodrick | |
| --- | --- |
| Cuthbert Brodrick | |
| Born | 1 December 1821
Kingston upon Hull, England |
| Died | 2 March 1905(1905-03-02) (aged 83)
Jersey, Channel Islands |
| Occupation | Architect |
|  | |
| Buildings | Leeds Town Hall, Grand Hotel, Scarborough |
|  | |


title: Cyril Onslow

abstract: Cyril Winnington Onslow was an English cricketer who played for a side representing the county of Kent in 1841, the year before the formation of the first Kent County Cricket Club. Onslow was the son of Arthur Onslow, a clergyman, and his wife Elizabeth and was born at Newington in Surrey in 1815. He played club cricket for Penshurst and Tunbridge Wells Cricket Clubs and for West Kent, generally as an opening batsman. In 1841 he made his only first-class cricket appearance, playing for a Kent XI against an England side at Bromley. He scored four runs in the only innings Kent batted in and was not out. Onslow worked in the police force, initially as a constable at Sheerness Dockyard, rising to the rank of Superintendent at Tunbridge Wells. He married Mary Hewlett at Barnstaple in Devon in 1848; the couple had two daughter's before Mary's death in 1855. Onslow died at Tunbridge Wells in 1866 aged 50.

text:
# Cyril Onslow

**Cyril Winnington Onslow** (17 December 1815 – 24 July 1866) was an English cricketer who played for a side representing the county of Kent in 1841, the year before the formation of the first Kent County Cricket Club.

Onslow was the son of Arthur Onslow, a clergyman, and his wife Elizabeth and was born at Newington in Surrey in 1815. He played club cricket for Penshurst and Tunbridge Wells Cricket Clubs and for West Kent, generally as an opening batsman. In 1841 he made his only first-class cricket appearance, playing for a Kent XI against an England side at Bromley. He scored four runs in the only innings Kent batted in and was not out.

Onslow worked in the police force, initially as a constable at Sheerness Dockyard, rising to the rank of Superintendent at Tunbridge Wells. He married Mary Hewlett at Barnstaple in Devon in 1848; the couple had two daughter's before Mary's death in 1855. Onslow died at Tunbridge Wells in 1866 aged 50.


abstract: Swords & Glory, Volume 2: Tékumel Player's Handbook is a 1983 fantasy tabletop role-playing game supplement published by Gamescience set in M. A. R. Barker's science fantasy world of Tékumel.

text:
# Swords & Glory, Volume 2: Tékumel Player's Handbook

***Swords & Glory, Volume 2: Tékumel Player's Handbook*** is a 1983 fantasy tabletop role-playing game supplement published by Gamescience set in M. A. R. Barker's science fantasy world of *Tékumel*.

## Contents

*Swords & Glory, Volume 2: Tékumel Player's Handbook* is the second part of the three releases that form the rules for *Sword & Glory*, and provides players with the rules to create characters.

## Reception

In the November–December 1984 edition of *Space Gamer* (Issue No. 71), Frederick Paul Kiesche III and Steve Sherman commented that "The game system described in this tightly-packed, 240 page rulebook can best be described as *realistic* and *complex*. It is not suitable for the occasional player, but, rather, for those who take their roleplaying seriously. The author's respect for his audience is clear."

In the January–February 1985 edition of *Different Worlds* (Issue #38), John Dark was not impressed with the unprofessional typesetting, calling it "pages of dense, unrelieved, small print", noting in addition that "all the accent marks were done by hand." Dark also noted the disorganization of subject matter, commenting "It is rather difficult to find a desired subject in this book, and the very nature of the book demands browsing, so it cannot be said to fulfill its function very well." He found that the rules were "quite complicated and not particularly realistic." He concluded by giving the book a poor rating of 1.5 out of 5, saying, "*Swords & Glory* is a classic example of wasted potential. Based on one of the greatest fantasy worlds ever dreamed up, but shackled by truly horrendous rules, it is an anomaly. \[...\] I cannot recommend any nonfanatic purchase these lengthy, incomplete rules."

In the May 1989 edition of *Games International*, Paul Mason admitted a personal bias with regards to the use of *Dungeons & Dragons* rules, saying "it does little to enhance the appeal of a world as rich and sophisticated as Tékumel." However, since these books do not have any role-playing rules, only campaign background, Mason found that there was "plenty to dip into." He concluded by giving this set of books an above-average rating of 4 out of 5, saying, "In a market full of hack fantasy and ersatz subcreation, it's reassuring to come across something which bears the stamp of true imagination."

## InfoBox

*Swords & Glory, Volume 2: Tékumel Player's Handbook*
| Adventures in Tékumel | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Publishers | Gamescience |
| Publication | 1983 (1983) |
| Genres | Fantasy |
| Systems | Basic Role-Playing |


title: Sycorax (disambiguation)

abstract:
Sycorax is a character mentioned though not seen in William Shakespeare's play The Tempest. Sycorax may also refer to:
  - Sycorax (moon), a moon of Uranus, named after the fictional character
  - Sycorax (typeface), a combination of typefaces and spelling used by the poet Kamau Brathwaite
  - Sycorax, a fictional planet, and alien race from the Doctor Who episode "The Christmas Invasion"
  - Sycorax (fly), a genus of moth flies in the family Psychodidae

text:
# Sycorax (disambiguation)

**Sycorax** is a character mentioned though not seen in William Shakespeare's play *The Tempest*.

**Sycorax** may also refer to:

* Sycorax (moon), a moon of Uranus, named after the fictional character
* Sycorax (typeface), a combination of typefaces and spelling used by the poet Kamau Brathwaite
* Sycorax, a fictional planet, and alien race from the *Doctor Who* episode "The Christmas Invasion"
* *Sycorax* (fly), a genus of moth flies in the family Psychodidae


title: Switzer, Kentucky

abstract: Switzer is an unincorporated community within Franklin County, Kentucky, United States. Its post office is closed.

text:
# Switzer, Kentucky

**Switzer** is an unincorporated community within Franklin County, Kentucky, United States. Its post office is closed.

## InfoBox

| Switzer, Kentucky | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| The historic North Folk Baptist Church, which is a Kentucky State Historic Site. | |
| SwitzerLocation within the state of KentuckySwitzerSwitzer (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 38°15′15″N 84°45′16″W / 38.25417°N 84.75444°W / 38.25417; -84.75444 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kentucky |
| County | Franklin |
| Elevation | 745 ft (227 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| GNIS feature ID | 2369790 |


title: D'Anchieta's fruit bat

abstract: D'Anchieta's fruit bat or D'Anchieta's epauletted bat is a species of megabat in the family Pteropodidae. It is the only species in the genus Plerotes. It is found in Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, and Zambia, where it lives in subtropical or tropical dry forests, dry savanna, and moist savanna. The scientific and common names for the species commemorate José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta, who is also honoured in the names of Anchieta's pipistrelle and the Angolan vlei rat. It was described in 1900 by Antero Frederico de Seabra, under the name Epomorphus anchietae.

text:
# D'Anchieta's fruit bat

**D'Anchieta's fruit bat** or **D'Anchieta's epauletted bat** (***Plerotes anchietae***) is a species of megabat in the family Pteropodidae. It is the only species in the genus ***Plerotes***. It is found in Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, and Zambia, where it lives in subtropical or tropical dry forests, dry savanna, and moist savanna.

The scientific and common names for the species commemorate José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta, who is also honoured in the names of Anchieta's pipistrelle (*Hypsugo anchietae*) and the Angolan vlei rat (*Otomys anchietae*). It was described in 1900 by Antero Frederico de Seabra, under the name *Epomorphus anchietae*.

## InfoBox

| D'Anchieta's fruit bat | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Pteropodidae |
| Genus: | *Plerotes*
K. Andersen, 1910 |
| Species: | ***P. anchietae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Plerotes anchietae***
(de Seabra, 1900) | |
|
|  | |
| D'Anchieta's Fruit Bat range | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Epomorphus anchietae* Seabra, 1900 | |


title: Swift Air Malawi

abstract: Swift Air Limited was an airline based in Lilongwe, Malawi. It was a privately owned airline that operated regional passenger services. Its main base was at Kamuzu International Airport.

text:
# Swift Air Malawi

**Swift Air Limited** was an airline based in Lilongwe, Malawi. It was a privately owned airline that operated regional passenger services. Its main base was at Kamuzu International Airport.

## History

Swift Air was incorporated in September 2009, acquired flying licences in November 2010, and began operations on 28 February 2011. It concentrated on domestic flights between the business and mining hubs of the country, and performed a regular shuttle service to Johannesburg O. R. Tambo International Airport.

In May 2012 the airline ceased operations due to unpaid debts, believed to be in millions of kwacha. All 24 employees of the company ceased reporting for work and the Head office in Lilongwe remained closed.

## Fleet

Swift Air Malawi operated Douglas DC-9, Embraer 120 and Beechcraft 1900D aircraft until its closure in May 2012. All have either been returned to their respective owners or grounded as a result of the financial problems.

## Destinations

Prior to its grounding, Swift Air operated domestically between Lilongwe, Blantyre, Mzuzu, Karonga with a single regional flight operated to Johannesburg, South Africa.

## InfoBox

Swift Air
| IATA ICAO Call sign  - | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | September 2009 |
| Ceased operations | July 2012 |
| Headquarters | Lilongwe, Malawi |
| Key people | Louise Hahn-Perepeczko (CEO) |


title: Swift Aircraft

abstract: Swift Aircraft Limited is a British aerospace manufacturer that designs the Swift II aerobatic training aircraft.

text:
# Swift Aircraft

52°45′27″N 01°21′00″E / 52.75750°N 1.35000°E / 52.75750; 1.35000

**Swift Aircraft Limited** is a British aerospace manufacturer that designs the Swift II aerobatic training aircraft.

## Swift II

The Swift II is a side-by-side, two-seat training and aerobatic aircraft, and is currently in the final stages of design. Swift Aircraft plan to market the Swift II for the military and civilian markets when it becomes available. The aircraft will be of all composite construction to save weight and improve performance. The company expected to commence tooling for construction of the Swift II by the end of 2011, and will initially offer the Swift II as a kit, before bringing the design up to certified standard. The Swift range is planned to include:

* Swift II (certified CS-23)
* Swift VLA (certified CS-VLA)
* Swift VLA (kit plane)

## Other activities

In 2008, Swift took over fellow British composite aircraft manufacturer, Europa Aircraft.

The company also sells and leases the Slingsby T67 Firefly, having purchased 22 examples from Babcock Defence Services in June 2011 following their retirement from the British military elementary flying training programme. It is responsible for support and service of the Firefly, although it does not possess the type certificate, as this was revoked by its former holder, Marshall Group.

In June 2019, permission was granted from local councils to reopen the runway at the former RAF Coltishall (where Swift Aircraft are now located), and allow Swift Aircraft to produce 98 aircraft a year as well as allowing eight flights a day from the former airbase.

## InfoBox

Swift Aircraft Limited
| Company type | Private limited company |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Aerospace |
| Founded | 2004 (2004) |
| Headquarters | Scottow Enterprise Park, RAF Coltishall, Norfolk, England |
| Key people | David Stanbridge (founder and managing director) |
| Products | Certified aircraft, kitplanes |
| Parent | Swift Technology Group |
| Website | SwiftAircraft.com |


title: Carenum ducale

abstract: Carenum ducale is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Sloane in 1905.

text:
# Carenum ducale

***Carenum ducale*** is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Sloane in 1905.

## InfoBox

| *Carenum ducale* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Carenum* |
| Species: | ***C. ducale*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Carenum ducale***<br>Sloane, 1905 | |
|


title: First division (baseball)

abstract: First division and second division are terms in the sport of baseball referring to rankings within a league. Teams ranked in the top half of the league standings table are said to be in the "first division", while teams in the bottom half of the standings are said to be in the "second division". The term was once closely associated with Major League Baseball (MLB). However, since the introduction of a divisional structure by MLB in 1969, usage of the term is now uncommon. Within MLB, the New York Yankees finished in the first division for a record 39 consecutive seasons (1926–1964) while, by comparison, the Chicago Cubs once finished in the second division for 20 seasons in a row (1947–1966).

text:
# First division (baseball)

**First division** and **second division** are terms in the sport of baseball referring to rankings within a league. Teams ranked in the top half of the league standings table (e.g. the top four teams in an eight-team league) are said to be in the "first division", while teams in the bottom half of the standings are said to be in the "second division".

The term was once closely associated with Major League Baseball (MLB). However, since the introduction of a divisional structure by MLB in 1969, usage of the term is now uncommon.

Within MLB, the New York Yankees finished in the first division for a record 39 consecutive seasons (1926–1964) while, by comparison, the Chicago Cubs once finished in the second division for 20 seasons in a row (1947–1966).

## MLB Players' Pool

In MLB before 1969—the establishment of divisions within each league—players on teams finishing in the first division received monetary shares from the Players' Pool, which was funded by gate receipts from that year's World Series. The team winning the World Series received 42% of this money, the team losing the World Series got 28%, and the second-, third- and fourth-place teams in each league were awarded 7.5%, 5% and 2.5%, respectively.

With the realignment of both leagues into two geographically based divisions in 1969, the terms "first division" and "second division" quickly fell into disuse—largely because the word "division" had acquired a completely different meaning—although teams finishing in the top half of the standings (the first three teams in each of the new divisions) continued to share in the Players' Pool.

The distribution of the Players' Pool money was also changed with the introduction of divisional play, with the World Series winner henceforth getting 36% of the pool, its loser 27%, the losers of the League Championship Series 12.5% each, the second-place teams in the divisions 2.375% each, and the third-place teams .625% each. In 1991, these shares were revised to 36%, 24%, 12%, 3% and 1% respectively, and when both major leagues realigned again in 1995 (each league now consisting of three divisions, the winners thereof plus one wild card team in each league reaching the postseason), the 3% shares went to teams losing in the Division Series and the 1% shares went to the teams that finished second in their division but did not earn a wild card.


title: David Ragg

abstract: Theodore David Butler Ragg was the Bishop of Huron in the last third of the 20th century. Born into an ecclesiastical family and educated the University of Manitoba, he was ordained in 1950. After a curacy at St Michael and All Angels, Toronto he held incumbencies at Nokomis, Wolseley Wolseley and North Vancouver before becoming Archdeacon of Saugeen. He was Bishop of Huron from 1974 to 1984 and died in 2002.

text:
# David Ragg

**Theodore David Butler Ragg**  (23 November 1919 – 1 July 2002) was the Bishop of Huron in the last third of the 20th century.

Born into an ecclesiastical family and educated the University of Manitoba, he was ordained in 1950. After a curacy at St Michael and All Angels, Toronto he held incumbencies at Nokomis, Wolseley Wolseley and North Vancouver before becoming Archdeacon of Saugeen. He was Bishop of Huron from 1974 to 1984 and died in 2002.


title: Platyceps rhodorachis

abstract:
Platyceps rhodorachis the common cliff racer, Wadi racer, desert racer, braid snake, or Jan’s cliff racer, is a species of snake found in Central Asia. Races:
  - subniger: Eritrea to Somalia.
  - kashmirensis: Pakistan; Type locality: from under pile of faggots near house of Master Muhammad Sadiq Goi Madan, Kotli, Azad Kashmir 33°30'N, 74°00'E. 1315 m Type locality: Arabian Peninsula; Shiraz (Iran) [fide SCHÄTTI & McCARTHY 2004] Highly variable in external morphology, particularly ventral scales.

text:
# Platyceps rhodorachis

***Platyceps rhodorachis*** the **common cliff racer**, **Wadi racer**, **desert racer**, **braid snake**, or **Jan’s cliff racer**, is a species of snake found in Central Asia.

**Races**:

* *subniger*: Eritrea to Somalia.
* *kashmirensis*: Pakistan (KHAN, pers. comm.); Type locality: from under pile of faggots near house of Master Muhammad Sadiq Goi Madan, Kotli, Azad Kashmir 33°30'N, 74°00'E. 1315 m

Type locality: Arabian Peninsula; Shiraz (Iran) \[fide SCHÄTTI & McCARTHY 2004\]

Highly variable in external morphology, particularly ventral scales.

* Boulenger, G.A. 1887 A list of the reptiles and batrachians obtained near Muscat, Arabia, and presented to the British Museum by Surgeon-Major A.S.G. Jayakar. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 20: 407-408
* Jan 1865 in: De Filippi, Viagg. Pers.: 356
* Perry, G. 1985 A new subspecies of Coluber rhodorachis (Ophidia: Colubridae) from Israel. Israel Journal of Zoology 33:123
* Utiger, Urs, Notker Helfenberger, Beat Schätti, Catherine Schmidt, Markus Ruf and Vincent Ziswiler 2002 Molecular systematics and phylogeny of Old World and New World ratsnakes, Elaphe Auct., and related genera (Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae). Russ. J. Herpetol. 9 (2): 105–124.

## InfoBox

| Braid Snake | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Colubridae |
| Genus: | *Platyceps* |
| Species: | ***P. rhodorachis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Platyceps rhodorachis***
(Jan, 1865) | |
|


title: The Nuclear Beauty Parlor

abstract: The Nuclear Beauty Parlor is a group of women artists active in protest and performance art, primarily during the nuclear freeze movement from 1983 to 1986 in San Francisco. Their name is synonymous with a music project they originated, the 45-RPM 7-inch single, The Nuclear Beauty Parlor. Two members of the Nuclear Beauty Parlor wrote the lyrics to the song which debuted in the women’s jail following the 1983 blockade of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, one of the largest anti-nuclear protests in the United States. The group staged numerous performances to attract media attention for the cause of nuclear disarmament. The record, conceived as an art prank, is archived in the Peace Library at Swarthmore College. The group is noted for adding humor and post-punk style to a dedicated protest movement.

text:
# The Nuclear Beauty Parlor

**The Nuclear Beauty Parlor** is a group of women artists active in protest and performance art, primarily during the nuclear freeze movement from 1983 to 1986 in San Francisco. Their name is synonymous with a music project they originated, the 45-RPM 7-inch single, *The Nuclear Beauty Parlor*. Two members of the Nuclear Beauty Parlor wrote the lyrics to the song which debuted in the women’s jail following the 1983 blockade of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, one of the largest anti-nuclear protests in the United States. The group staged numerous performances to attract media attention for the cause of nuclear disarmament. The record, conceived as an art prank, is archived in the Peace Library at Swarthmore College. The group is noted for adding humor and post-punk style to a dedicated protest movement.

## History

On May 24, 1983, ten women formed an affinity group to prepare for the mass arrests planned for the International Day of Nuclear Disarmament protest of June 20, 1983. They were trained in civil disobedience by Livermore Action Group. The female membership grew over the next 3 years, as they evolved into a performance art and activist art group. Founding member Vicki Krohn Amorose originally coined the name *Nuclear Beauty Parlor* and she, along with founding member Denise Slattery, wrote the lyrics to the *Nuclear Beauty Parlor* song. The group was not a band; they enacted political satire in the tradition of guerrilla theatre and performance activism.

## Activities

On June 20, 1983, the group participated in the blockade of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories. More than 1000 demonstrators were arrested, including three members of the Nuclear Beauty Parlor, and jailed for 11 days in tents on the grounds of the Alameda County Jail. The group gained their first media attention with a San Francisco Examiner headline: *Nuclear Beauty Parlor a Hit in Jail*.

During November and December,1983, the Nuclear Beauty Parlor acquired non-profit status, under the title Bay Area Energy Action. Bill Graham (promoter), San Francisco music impresario, funded production of the *Nuclear Beauty Parlor* 45-RPM 7-inch single. The lyrics were set to music and the record was produced by the group's friend and ally, Stacy Baird. Side A, *The Nuclear Beauty Parlor*, was performed by Re Styles and other members of The Tubes. Side B, *Awake*, was recorded at OTR Studios under the direction of Cookie Marenco. The *Nuclear Beauty Parlor* 45-RPM single was released and a press conference held on Dec 15,1983.

Between January and April, 1984, the group solidified its identity as a performance art group with the goal of gaining media attention for the nuclear freeze movement. The record gained airplay and press. On April 16, 1984, the group performs the first in a series of "Tax Day actions" at Rincon Annex Post Office in Rincon Center. Playing to the audience of taxpayers lined up in cars to meet the midnight tax-filing deadline, the Nuclear Beauty Parlor interacted as costumed waitresses, served weapon-themed food, and encourage people to: "Have one, you paid for it!" They attracted attention from TV and newspaper reporters.

The Democratic National Convention was held in San Francisco on July 14 and 15, 1984. In conjunction with "A Vision of America at Peace", the Nuclear Beauty Parlor performed an original play with songs, titled "The First Lady Debate". The group recorded "The First Lady Debate" and distributed tapes to radio stations nationwide.

On the eve of the Nov 6, 1984, presidential election, the group pasted thousands of anti-Reagan posters in downtown San Francisco, designed by artist Paul Mavrides, who also designed the record jacket. Although the posters were quickly removed after Ronald Reagan’s victory, photographer C. Baldwin captured the morning-after image and created a postcard.

A December 1984 *Ms.* Magazine article on the group helped to boost record sales.

In their second Tax Day performance at Rincon Annex Post Office on April 15, 1985, The Nuclear Beauty Parlor dressed as couture nuclear weapons with price tags, and interacted with last-minute taxpayers, resulting in local TV and press coverage.

In July and September, 1985, the group adapted their nuclear weapon costumes for The Fashion Show presented by New Langton Arts. An original script read by the MC accompanied the runway show, titled "The Nuclear Fashion Arsenal", which was also performed a second time at Fort Mason for the International Day of Peace.

In the group's third Tax Day performance, April 15, 1986, at Rincon Annex Post Office, The Nuclear Beauty Parlor enacted taxpayer robberies with pink machine guns.

In the 1990s, The Nuclear Beauty Parlor record was housed in the Audio Visual Collection of the Swarthmore College Peace Collection.

The group produced a PSA for the 2020 election. A Message From The Nuclear Beauty Parlor

## Members and Names

The founding group members are Marissa Hutter LaMagna, Diana Wendling, Denise Slattery, Laura Graham, Lisa Andreini, Cecilia London, Kathy Staats Hornbeak, Marjorie Newman, Vicki Krohn Amorose and Fawn Yacker. Membership grew to include Connie Hendrix, Suzanne Stefanac, Kelly Cash, Lexine Alpert, Brenda Burson, Nancy Leszczynski, Siri Aarons, Christine Stiles and Suzy Poole.

## InfoBox

The Nuclear Beauty Parlor
| Formation | May 24, 1983 |
| --- | --- |
| Founded at | San Francisco |
| Dissolved | 1986 |
| Type | Affinity group/ Activist Art group |
| Legal status | Non-profit |
| Purpose | Protest, performance activism, prankster art |
| Affiliations | Livermore Action Group |
| Volunteers | Ten founding members; nine additional volunteers |


title: Daya Vieja

abstract: Daya Vieja is a municipality of the Valencian Community (Spain), situated in the south-east of the Province of Alicante, in the comarca of Vega Baja del Segura.

text:
# Daya Vieja

**Daya Vieja** (Spanish pronunciation: \[ˈdaʝa ˈβjexa\]) is a municipality of the Valencian Community (Spain), situated in the south-east of the Province of Alicante, in the comarca of Vega Baja del Segura.

## Geography

Daya Vieja is situated on the western side of the Segura river, one kilometre (0.6 miles) from San Fulgencio. It is connected to Guardamar del Segura, Dolores and Crevillente by a four-lane highway.

It has boundaries with Daya Nueva, Dolores, Formentera del Segura and San Fulgencio.

## History

The area dates back to the 18th century when the Pinohermoso family obtained the land. Until 1707, Daya had been incorporated in Orihuela 'county' and it did not fully lost ties to the city until 1833.

Together with Daya Nueva, it belonged to the Roca de Togores family and was split from Orihuela in 1791. This family sold local farming land in 1928 for 1,500,000 pesetas (9,000) to the García Palmer and García Castillo brothers, who divided it before selling it on to smaller proprietors.

## Economy

The main economic activity in Daya Vieja is farming irrigated fields, using water from channels originating at Alfeitamí, the most frequently found crops are artichokes, hemp, potatoes and corn. Herds of sheep and pigs are also to be found.

## Monuments and places of interest

* Plaza del León

## Fiestas

* Patron Saints' Festivals: Celebrated on 8 September dedicated to Virgen de Monserrate.

## InfoBox

| Daya Vieja | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Daya ViejaLocation in Spain | |
| Coordinates: 38°6′17″N 0°44′18″W / 38.10472°N 0.73833°W / 38.10472; -0.73833 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Valencian Community |
| Province | Alicante |
| Comarca | Vega Baja del Segura |
| Judicial district | Orihuela |
| Government | |
| Alcalde | José Vicente Fernández Costa (2019) (Compromís) |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.1 km2 (1.2 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 4 m (13 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 685- |
| Demonym | Dayense |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 03177 |
| Official language(s) | Spanish |
| Website | Official website |


title: Parastoo Hashemi

abstract: Parastoo ("Parry") Hashemi is an Iranian-British neural engineer at Imperial College London. Hashemi's research develops and applies sensors for brain measurements of neurotransmitters in the context of mental illness etiology, diagnosis and treatment.

text:
# Parastoo Hashemi

**Parastoo ("Parry") Hashemi** (born 1980) is an Iranian-British neural engineer at Imperial College London.

Hashemi's research develops and applies sensors for brain measurements of neurotransmitters in the context of mental illness etiology, diagnosis and treatment.

## Life and academic career

### Early life

Hashemi was born in Tehran, Iran and immigrated with her family to the United Kingdom, as a child, in 1986. She grew up in Durham, UK and attended Belmont Comprehensive school and Durham Johnston 6th Form College.

Hashemi graduated with a first class Master in Science (MSci) degree in chemistry from King's College London in 2003. She received her PhD in Bioengineering from Imperial College London in 2007 under the mentorship of Dr. Martyn Boutelle. The focus of her Ph.D. research was to develop online microdialysis techniques for monitoring humans with traumatic brain injury.

Hashemi moved to the United States in 2007 to perform her post-doctoral work with Dr. R. Mark Wightman at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The focus of her post-doctoral research was to develop a selective method for *in vivo* detection for brain serotonin.

### Positions held

Hashemi held an assistant professorship in the department of Chemistry at Wayne State University from 2011 to 2015 and in the department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of South Carolina from 2015-2022 where she was tenured in 2017. Hashemi continues to run her lab as a Reader in Brain Diagnostics and Therapeutics in the Department of Bioengineering at Imperial College London since 2019.

### Research

Hashemi has pioneered tools for measurements of serotonin in the brain, a neurotransmitter important in the pathology of depression. Her team is using these tools in a variety of models to better understand, diagnose and treat mental disorders, with a focus on depression.

## Notable awards

* 2019 CAMS Fellow (Community for Analytical Measurement Science)
* 2018 Society for Electroanalytical Chemistry (SEAC) Royce W. Murray Award
* 2018 Society of Pittsburgh Chemists Pittcon Achievement Award
* 2018 USC Breakthrough Stars Award
* 2017 Midwestern Universities Analytical Chemistry Conference Young Investigator Travel Award
* 2017 International Society for Neurochemistry Brain in Flux Symposium Young Faculty Travel Award
* 2017 NSF CAREER Award
* 2015 Eli Lilly Young Investigator Award in Analytical Chemistry
* 2013 Masao Horiba Award for Analytical Chemistry

## Notable papers


title: Dawanne Devi

abstract: Dawanne Devi is a village development committee in Nawalparasi District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 10,833 people living in 2058 individual households. The place derives its name from Daunne Devi Temple.

text:
# Dawanne Devi

**Dawanne Devi**  is a village development committee in Nawalparasi District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 10,833 people living in 2058 individual households. The place derives its name from Daunne Devi Temple.

1. "Nepal Census 2001". *Nepal's Village Development Committees*. Digital Himalaya. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 18 December 2008.

## InfoBox

| Daunne Devi Kunjanpur | |
| --- | --- |
| Village development committee | |
| Nickname: Kukurmara | |
| Daunne DeviLocation in Nepal | |
| Coordinates: 27°31′N 83°50′E / 27.51°N 83.84°E / 27.51; 83.84 | |
| Country | Nepal |
| Zone | Lumbini Zone |
| District | Nawalparasi District |
| Population (1991) | |
| Total | 10,833 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:45 (Nepal Time) |
| Website | https://www.nepal.gov.np/ |


title: Partner-assisted reproduction

abstract: Partner-assisted reproduction, reception of oocytes from partner (ROPA), reciprocal IVF, shared motherhood, partner IVF or co-IVF is a method of family building that is used by couples who both possess female reproductive organs. The method uses in vitro fertilization (IVF), a method that means eggs are removed from the ovaries, fertilized in a laboratory, and then one or more of the resulting embryos are placed in the uterus to hopefully create a pregnancy. Reciprocal IVF differs from standard IVF in that two partners are involved: the eggs are taken from one partner, and the other partner carries the pregnancy. In this way, the process is mechanically identical to IVF with egg donation. Reciprocal IVF offers the highest chance for pregnancy and a lower chance of a multiple births. This process was first introduced in Spain in 2007 at the CEFER institute.

text:
# Partner-assisted reproduction

**Partner-assisted reproduction**, **reception of oocytes from partner** (**ROPA**), **reciprocal IVF,** **shared motherhood**, **partner IVF** or **co-IVF** is a method of family building that is used by couples who both possess female reproductive organs. The method uses in vitro fertilization (IVF), a method that means eggs are removed from the ovaries, fertilized in a laboratory, and then one or more of the resulting embryos are placed in the uterus to hopefully create a pregnancy. Reciprocal IVF differs from standard IVF in that two partners are involved: the eggs are taken from one partner, and the other partner carries the pregnancy. In this way, the process is mechanically identical to IVF with egg donation. Reciprocal IVF offers the highest chance for pregnancy and a lower chance of a multiple births.

This process was first introduced in Spain in 2007 at the CEFER institute.

## Process of reciprocal IVF

Reciprocal IVF is a process that involves steps both for the genetic mother and the gestational mother. Below lists the one-by-one steps a couple undergoing this procedure have to go through.

1. **Initial consultation:** both partners undergo a health screening to determine their overall health and fertility factors. This information can help a couple decide who will donate the eggs and who will carry the baby.
2. **Sperm sample:** a sperm donor is selected and could be an anonymous or known donor. High-quality sperm increases the likelihood of success and is an important factor to consider.
3. **Ovarian stimulation:** the partner donating the eggs will undergo an ovarian stimulation cycle and a sequential egg retrieval. Naturally, a woman produces only one egg each month, but, with this hormonal treatment, several eggs are developed. This will allow obtaining several eggs, which can be used throughout several cycles, without the need to repeat this process.
4. **Ovarian Puncture**: it is a simple procedure, performed under sedation in which a cannula is inserted through the vaginal cavity, to extract the eggs. This aspirate with the eggs is collected in tubes which are sent to the in vitro fertilization laboratory, where the rest of the process is carried out.
5. **In vitro fertilization:** once the egg is obtained it is fertilized with the donor sperm in a laboratory. This can be done by ICSI technique or regular In vitro fertilization. Once the egg is fertilized, embryos are obtained that are kept in the lab for 3 to 5 days, when they develop to blastocysts. For a fresh IVF cycle, both partners will sync their menstrual cycles to allow for the subsequent transition from egg donation to fertilization to implantation to happen smoothly.
6. **Endometrial preparation**: the uterine lining of the partner carrying the pregnancy needs to be synchronized with the stage of the embryo development in order for pregnancy to be attained.
7. **Genetic testing**: once the fertilized embryos have developed into the blastocyst stage, the embryos undergo preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) to test for the correct number of chromosomes to minimize the risk of genetic mutation.
8. **Embryo transfer**: the strongest and genetically correct embryos are selected and the decided number will be transferred to the gestational carrier.
9. **Pregnancy test:** after two weeks, a period known as the two-week wait it can be determined if the embryos had been properly implanted and will result in a pregnancy.

### Choosing partner roles

The decision to choose which partner is going to be the egg donor and which partner is going to be the gestational carrier can be based on personal reasons or medical reasons. When focusing strictly on medical advantages, the egg donor tends to be the younger partner, the partner with the stronger ovarian reserve, or the partner without known genetic abnormalities.

The gestational carrier tends to be the partner who has previously given birth, is fit for pregnancy, or the partner with the healthiest uterus. These factors can be determined by a full fertility workup by a healthcare provider prior to starting the reciprocal IVF process.

While some couples base their decision on medical reasons, personal reasons may also be a fundamental deciding factor. Many couples base their decision on emotional and/or psychological reasons of who wants to be the donor and who wants to carry the child to term.

Identity reasons may also play a factor in a couple's decision. For instance, some partners who are biologically able may not want to be the gestational carrier because it misaligns with their gender identity or because testosterone regimens may need altering or cessation. However, while the research is limited, successful reciprocal IVF using oocytes from a transgender male who remained on testosterone throughout the entire process has been documented.

### Timeline

The timeline of reciprocal IVF depends on if a couple chooses to undergo a fresh or a frozen transfer:

* A fresh embryo transfer IVF cycle lasts around 17–20 days and 10 days after the embryo is transferred to wait for the results of a pregnancy test.
* A frozen embryo transfer first involves one of the cycles dedicated to the genetic mother. The second cycle is dedicated to the carrier mother. The actual timing for a frozen embryo transfer is longer and depends on the entire time it takes for two menstrual cycles of the two intended parents and how they line up.

### Epigenetics

Epigenetics includes the changes that occur in the gene expression, but that does not alter the DNA sequence. These changes may be the result of external or environmental factors. There are multiple studies related to epigenetics that show that the surrogate mother can also play an important role in the development of the embryo. This is because the prenatal environment of the uterus, where the embryo will stay for 9 months, and also the nutrients that reach it, have great relevance in the gene expression. Therefore, it is important that the birth mother have a healthy lifestyle and habits, in absence of toxics such as alcohol or tobacco, among others.

After fertilisation, the endometrial fluid nourishes the embryo and regulates its development, before being replaced in this function by the placenta in the later stages of pregnancy. This embryo-mother communication is finely regulated by numerous cellular pathways, including epigenetic mechanisms. Among the substances transported in the endometrial fluid, extracellular vesicles are one of the most important mediators, especially in relation to their ability to transport ncRNAs. Primary human endometrial endothelial cells were found to internalize miRNAs into vesicles and actively secrete large amounts of exosomes. These are internalized by embryonic trophoblast cells and may influence their epigenetic patterns. Even though the capability of numerous ncRNAs (both maternal and embryo-derived) of being transmitted through endometrial fluid has been clearly established, the role of such molecules in the regulation of pivotal phases of implantation and early embryonic development still requires much needed investigation.

This phenomenon has important implications for patients who have to resort to using the ROPA method. Although the embryo does not carry the genetic information of the gestating mother, her uterus can influence the epigenetic characteristics of her future baby. This can help these women to overcome genetic grief, since they will be able to influence the phenotype of their child even if they do not share DNA.

Similar to reciprocal IVF, partners can choose concurrent IVF or double reciprocal IVF. This method is essentially two simultaneous reciprocal IVF processes, where both partners become pregnant at the same time using embryos from the opposite partner. This process allows both partners to undergo embryo transfers and simultaneous gestational carrying. There are potential considerations for concurrent IVF, including increased costs and potential stress from two childbirth deliveries.

Partners also have the option to choose Effortless IVF. This method of reciprocal IVF uses an FDA-approved capsule (called INVOcell) to combine the donor sperm and egg, rather than reproduction in a lab. The partner who is acting as the egg donor will place the capsule back inside the vagina to incubate for around five days. Once the embryo begins development, it is removed and typically frozen. The partner who is acting as the gestational carrier will then prepare for embryo transfer and carry the resulting child to term.

## Costs of Reciprocal IVF

In most states, insurance coverage for IVF is not mandated and varies by state. Insurance providers do not typically cover the costs of reciprocal IVF unless it is medically necessary. Only 25% of Americans have coverage for IVF. On average, the cost of one IVF cycle costs about $12,000, which does not include fertility medications that typically range from $3,000 to $10,000. The average cost of reciprocal IVF in the United States is over $20,000 but varies based on the clinic and medication protocols.

The cost of reciprocal IVF is more than IVF due to additional costs including donor sperm fees, legal fees, and fertility medications.

## Success rates

As reciprocal IVF is a fairly new process first established in 2009, one study from 2017 found that 60% of couples undergoing IVF with an average donor age of 32 achieved pregnancy. A study published in February 2018 found a 60% live birth rate in a group of 120 lesbian couples who underwent reciprocal IVF. The subject of the research are European patients only.

The success rate of reciprocal IVF heavily depends on the age of the birth mother. For women under age 35, there is a 41-43% success rate. For women over 40, there is a 13-18% success rate.

As IVF is not always successful on the first attempt, it is important that couples understand that multiple cycles may be required to achieve a pregnancy.

When choosing to undergo reciprocal IVF, legal issues may need to be addressed based on variations from state to state. One potential issue is the necessity to make sure the partner who donates the egg is a legal parent of the child. This can include getting the name on the birth certificate at the time of birth or may require legally adopting the child. These steps help establish equal parental rights for both the gestational carrier and the egg donor. A legal attorney who specializes in reproductive law can be a useful resource for navigating the specific legal aspects state by state.

In 2023, the Hong Kong High Court ruled that a lesbian who provided an egg but did not carry the baby through reciprocal IVF was a “parent at common law” and that exclusion from parental status was discriminatory.


title: De ortu et progressu morum

abstract: De ortu et progressu morum, or De ortu et progressu morum atque opinionum ad more pertinentium, is an essay written in 1740 by Jacopo Stellini. Cesare Beccaria liked it very much.

text:
# De ortu et progressu morum

***De ortu et progressu morum***, or *De ortu et progressu morum atque opinionum ad more pertinentium* (*About the origin and progress of customs and of opinions about customs*), is an essay written in 1740 by Jacopo Stellini. Cesare Beccaria liked it very much.

* Bartolommeo Gamba, Galleria Dei Letterati Ed Artisti Illustri Delle Provincie Veneziane Nel Secolo Decimottavo, Nabu Press, 2011, ISBN 1178734064

## InfoBox

De ortu et progressu morum
| Author | Jacopo Stellini |
| --- | --- |
| Original title | *De ortu et progressu morum atque opinionum ad more pertinentium* |
| Language | Latin |
| Genre | Essay |
| Published | 1740 |
| Publication place | Italy |


title: Dawn Birley

abstract: Dawn Jani Birley is a Canadian deaf actress, television anchor, educator and a popular taekwondo practitioner. She was engaged in her sport, taekwondo in the early parts of her life before becoming a professional actor in the mid-2000s. She graduated at Gallaudet University. Birley is a host and anchor for the H3 Network Media Alliance, a Canadian medium which broadcasts in International Sign across all parts of the world. She is best known for her efforts in revealing the Deaflympic scandal about the cancellation of the 2011 Winter Deaflympics in Slovakia. She is a fluent speaker of nine languages including five sign languages: American Sign Language, Finnish Sign Language, Swedish Sign Language, Norwegian Sign Language and International Sign.

text:
# Dawn Birley

**Dawn Jani Birley** (born 30 November 1977) is a Canadian deaf actress, television anchor, educator and a popular taekwondo practitioner. She was engaged in her sport, taekwondo in the early parts of her life before becoming a professional actor in the mid-2000s. She graduated at Gallaudet University.

Birley is a host and anchor for the H3 Network Media Alliance, a Canadian medium which broadcasts in International Sign across all parts of the world. She is best known for her efforts in revealing the Deaflympic scandal about the cancellation of the 2011 Winter Deaflympics in Slovakia.

She is a fluent speaker of nine languages including five sign languages: American Sign Language, Finnish Sign Language, Swedish Sign Language, Norwegian Sign Language and International Sign.

## Biography

Birley was born on 30 November 1977 to deaf parents in an all-deaf family in Regina, Saskatchewan. She started to play volleyball, basketball and softball during her childhood before becoming a taekwondo practitioner. Birley has also played volleyball, basketball and softball for the Gallaudet University.

She also served as a teacher in countries including Norway and Finland after her college career.

## Sports career

Birley practiced the Korean martial art taekwondo at the age of 12. She became the world junior taekwondo champion in 1992, becoming the first Canadian female athlete to achieve the feat. She represented Canada at several international taekwondo competitions including Pan American Games from 1989 to 1999. Birley was also the part of the Canadian National Taekwondo Olympic team prior to the 1996 Summer Olympics after earning a spot in the Canadian National Olympic Team for 1996 but she was not able to compete in the event due to the removal of taekwondo from that Olympic Games.

In 1996, she was awarded the Deaf Sportswoman of the Year award by the ICSD.

She is also working as a coordinator in the development of deaf sports in several countries.

## Acting career

Birley currently works as an actor with various theatre companies across the world. She spent 15 years in Finland where she was afforded more acting opportunities including a role in the world's first sign-language opera. She was also honoured as the 2015 Riksteatern's Artist of the Year from the National Swedish Touring Theatre, a prestigious acting award in Sweden for her performance in the leading role of *When Winter Stars Shine Here*. She also became the first deaf person to achieve this honour.

She was awarded the Toronto Theatre Critics Award for Best Actress in a Play for her role as Horatio in *Prince Hamlet*.

## InfoBox

| Dawn Jani Birley | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Dawn Jani Birley
(1977-11-30) 30 November 1977
Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada |
| Occupation(s) | Actress, Television anchor, educator, taekwondo practitioner |
| Website | www.dawnjanibirley.com |


title: Dawn Braid

abstract: Dawn Braid is a Canadian skating coach and consultant. She was the first woman to hold a full-time coaching job in the National Hockey League.

text:
# Dawn Braid

**Dawn Braid** is a Canadian skating coach and consultant. She was the first woman to hold a full-time coaching job in the National Hockey League.

## Career

She grew up in Woodbridge, Ontario, and competed as a figure skater at a national level in her youth. At the age of 17, she began coaching ice hockey players in skating techniques, working as a novice coach at in Toronto and for the junior B Vaughan Raiders team, owned by her father.

In 2005, she was hired by the National Hockey League's Toronto Maple Leafs to teach at their development camp. She would then go on to work as a consultant for several NHL teams, including the Buffalo Sabres, Anaheim Ducks, and Calgary Flames, as well as coaching a number of Ontario Hockey League players, including John Tavares and Ryan Merkley. In 2016, she was hired as a full-time skating coach by Arizona Coyotes, the first woman to hold a full-time coaching job in the NHL, and not just a part-time or temporary consulting position. After two years with the Coyotes, she left the team to return to her consultancy work.

She was named one of the 25 most powerful women in hockey by Sportsnet in 2020.

## Personal life

Her son, Mackenzie Braid, played 14 games professionally in the ECHL.

## InfoBox

| Dawn Braid | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Canadian |
| Occupation | Skating coach |


title: Parviturbo parvissima

abstract: Parviturbo parvissima is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Skeneidae.

text:
# Parviturbo parvissima

***Parviturbo parvissima*** is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Skeneidae.

## Description

The size of the shell attains 1 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Réunion and the Cocos-Keeling Islands, Indian Ocean, but is apparently a Pacific species.

* "*Parviturbo parvissima*". *Gastropods.com*. Retrieved 16 January 2019.

## InfoBox

| *Parviturbo parvissima* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Vetigastropoda |
| Order: | Trochida |
| Superfamily: | Trochoidea |
| Family: | Skeneidae |
| Genus: | *Parviturbo* |
| Species: | ***P. parvissima*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Parviturbo parvissima***<br>Engl, 2001 | |
|


abstract: The Women's 100m Breaststroke event at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games took place on Tuesday, July 18, 2006, at the S.U. Pedro de Heredia Aquatic Complex in Cartagena, Colombia.

text:
# Swimming at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games – Women's 100 metre breaststroke

The **Women's 100m Breaststroke** event at the **2006 Central American and Caribbean Games** took place on Tuesday, July 18, 2006, at the S.U. Pedro de Heredia Aquatic Complex in Cartagena, Colombia.

## Records

| World Record | Jessica Hardy (USA) | **1:06.20** | 2005-07-25 | Montreal, Canada |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| CAC Record | Kenia Puertas (VEN) | **1:12.19** | 1998-08-12 | Maracaibo |

## Results

### Final

| Rank | Swimmer | Country | Time | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Alia Atkinson | Jamaica | 1:12.24 |  |
| 2 | Adriana Marmolejo | Mexico | 1:12.41 |  |
| 3 | Daniela Victoria | Venezuela | 1:14.70 |  |
| 4 | Kimba Collymore | Trinidad and Tobago | 1:16.42 |  |
| 5 | Alicia Lightbourne | Bahamas | 1:16.74 |  |
| 6 | Danielle Beaubrun | Saint Lucia | 1:17.28 |  |
| 7 | Betsmara Cruz | Puerto Rico | 1:17.54 |  |
| 8 | Alba Álvarez | Mexico | 1:19.37 |  |
|

### Preliminaries

| Rank | Swimmer | Country | Time | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Alia Atkinson | Jamaica | 1:14.16 | **Q** |
| 2 | Adriana Marmolejo | Mexico | 1:15.50 | **Q** |
| 3 | Alicia Lightbourne | Bahamas | 1:16.53 | **Q** |
| | Betsmara Cruz | Puerto Rico | | **Q** |
| 5 | Alba Álvarez | Mexico | 1:16.82 | **Q** |
| 6 | Daniela Victoria | Venezuela | 1:16.95 | **Q** |
| 7 | Kimba Collymore | Trinidad and Tobago | 1:17.06 | **Q** |
| 8 | Danielle Beaubrun | Saint Lucia | 1:17.15 | **Q** |
|  | | | | |
| 9 | Corina Goncalves Ferreira | Venezuela | 1:18.28 |  |
| 10 | Alexis Jordan | Barbados | 1:18.97 |  |
| 11 | Teisha Lightbourne | Bahamas | 1:19.99 |  |
| 12 | Monica Álvarez | Colombia | 1:22.11 |  |
| 13 | Adrienne Indira Fraser | Aruba | 1:22.32 |  |
| 14 | Chinyere Pigot | Suriname | 1:23.23 |  |
| -- | Nilshaira Isenia | Netherlands Antilles | DNS |  |
|


title: Semra Kalan

abstract: Semra Kalan is a village in the Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is located in the Berasia tehsil.

text:
# Semra Kalan

**Semra Kalan** is a village in the Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is located in the Berasia tehsil.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Semra Kalan has 209 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 70.09%.

Demographics (2011 Census)
|  | Total | Male | Female |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Population | 1026 | 544 | 482 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 140 | 68 | 72 |
| Scheduled caste | 286 | 149 | 137 |
| Scheduled tribe | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| Literates | 621 | 393 | 228 |
| Workers (all) | 526 | 300 | 226 |
| Main workers (total) | 238 | 216 | 22 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 162 | 152 | 10 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 25 | 20 | 5 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 11 | 11 | 0 |
| Main workers: Other | 40 | 33 | 7 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 288 | 84 | 204 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 59 | 33 | 26 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 197 | 30 | 167 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 11 | 7 | 4 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 21 | 14 | 7 |
| Non-workers | 500 | 244 | 256 |

## InfoBox

| Semra Kalan | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| Semra KalanSemra Kalan | |
| Coordinates: 23°16′16″N 77°25′53″E / 23.271052°N 77.4314703°E / 23.271052; 77.4314703 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Madhya Pradesh |
| District | Bhopal |
| Tehsil | Berasia |
| Elevation | 490 m (1,610 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 1,026 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| ISO 3166 code | MP-IN |
| 2011 census code | 482259 |


title: First Battle of Ignacewo

abstract: The First Battle of Ignacewo was one of many clashes of the January Uprising. It took place on May 8, 1863, near the village of Ignacewo, which at that time belonged to Russian Empire’s Congress Poland. Insurgent forces commanded by Edmund Taczanowski clashed with a 2,000-strong detachment of the Imperial Russian Army led by Andrei Brunner. The battle ended with Russian victory, and Poles lost some 160 men. Taczanowski all together had 1,100 men under his command, including 500 infantry riflemen, 550 kosynierzy and 50 cavalry, together with 3 cannons. The insurgents camped in the village of Ignacewo, with their positions reinforced by abatis and a rampart. Russian detachment had some 2,000 men, commanded by General Brunner. Their initial attack was repelled, but after some time, the Russians found a passage across local swamps, and clashed with weak left wing of the Poles. After breaking into the camp, they destroyed Taczanowski's party, killing 160, also by deliberate murdering of the wounded insurgents. Polish painter Juliusz Kossak dedicated one of his paintings, Bitwa pod Ignacewem (1893), to the battle.

text:
# First Battle of Ignacewo

The **First Battle of Ignacewo** was one of many clashes of the January Uprising. It took place on May 8, 1863, near the village of Ignacewo, which at that time belonged to Russian Empire’s Congress Poland. Insurgent forces commanded by Edmund Taczanowski clashed with a 2,000-strong detachment of the Imperial Russian Army led by Andrei Brunner. The battle ended with Russian victory, and Poles lost some 160 men.

Taczanowski all together had 1,100 men under his command, including 500 infantry riflemen, 550 kosynierzy and 50 cavalry, together with 3 cannons. The insurgents camped in the village of Ignacewo, with their positions reinforced by abatis and a rampart. Russian detachment had some 2,000 men, commanded by General Brunner. Their initial attack was repelled, but after some time, the Russians found a passage across local swamps, and clashed with weak left wing of the Poles. After breaking into the camp, they destroyed Taczanowski's party, killing 160, also by deliberate murdering of the wounded insurgents.

Polish painter Juliusz Kossak dedicated one of his paintings, Bitwa pod Ignacewem (1893), to the battle.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| First Battle of Ignacewo | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the January Uprising | |
|
*Battle of Ignacewo*, 19th-century painting by Juliusz Kossak | |
| Date 8 May 1863  Location near Ignacewo  Result  Russian victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Polish insurgents | Russian Empire |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Edmund Taczanowski | Andrei Brunner |
| Strength | |
| 1,100 | 2,000 |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 160 dead, incl. murdered wounded insurgents
80 wounded | 26 dead, 67 wounded |


abstract: First Presbyterian Church is a historic church at 234 E. Main Street in Rock Hill, South Carolina. It was designed by Charles Coker Wilson and was built in 1894. It was added to the National Register in 1992.

text:
# First Presbyterian Church (Rock Hill, South Carolina)

**First Presbyterian Church** is a historic church at 234 E. Main Street in Rock Hill, South Carolina.

It was designed by Charles Coker Wilson and was built in 1894. It was added to the National Register in 1992.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| First Presbyterian Church | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 234 E. Main St., Rock Hill, South Carolina |
| Coordinates | 34°55′25″N 81°1′31″W / 34.92361°N 81.02528°W / 34.92361; -81.02528 |
| Area | 1.8 acres (0.73 ha) |
| Built | 1894 |
| Architect | Wilson, Charles Coker; et al. |
| Architectural style | Late Victorian |
| MPS | Rock Hill MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 92000653 |
| Added to NRHP | June 10, 1992 |


title: First possession theory of property

abstract: The "first possession" theory of property holds that ownership of something is justified simply by someone seizing it before someone else does. This contrasts with the labor theory of property where something may become property only by applying productive labor to it, i.e. by making something out of the materials of nature.

text:
# First possession theory of property

The **"first possession" theory of property** holds that ownership of something is justified simply by someone seizing it before someone else does. This contrasts with the labor theory of property where something may become property only by applying productive labor to it, i.e. by making something out of the materials of nature.

## Real property

***Pedis possessio*** is a legal phrase in common law used to describe walking on a property to establish ownership; this concept involves the establishment of first possession of land. By walking on a property and defining its bounds, possession is established. Legal dictionaries put forth this definition. *Pedis possessio* has been described as the actual possession of land within bounds set forth by the need of a mine claimant and operator to improve and work a claim for its mineral value.

Violation of set boundaries are avoided and violence prevented by the establishment of title using the concept of *pedis possessio*.


title: Plica plica

abstract: Plica plica is a species of lizard in the family Tropiduridae, the Neotropical ground lizards. Its common names include collared tree lizard, collared tree runner,tree runner, and harlequin racerunner. In Guyana it is known as wakanama.

text:
# Plica plica

***Plica plica*** is a species of lizard in the family Tropiduridae, the Neotropical ground lizards. Its common names include **collared tree lizard**, **collared tree runner**,**tree runner**, and **harlequin racerunner**. In Guyana it is known as ***wakanama***.

## Geographic range

*Plica plica* is native to South America, including Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador. It can also be found in the Caribbean, on Trinidad. It was long ago collected in Grenada, but these specimens were likely waifs.

## Biology

*Plica plica* is diurnal, active during the day, and arboreal, living most of its life adhered to the sides of tree trunks. It comes down from the trees only to lay eggs, which it places inside rotting palm trees and in palm litter. The female produces at least two clutches per reproductive season, with an average clutch size of three eggs. Larger females lay more eggs than smaller ones. The embryos are sensitive to vibration; lightly rolling an egg can induce it to hatch early. The hatchling is known to explode from the egg and immediately begin running, reaching up to half a meter on its first sprint. The diet of the lizard is composed of insects, and it specializes on ants.

## Description

The male of *Plica plica* can exceed 17 cm (6.7 in) snout-vent length (SVL), the female 15 cm (5.9 in). The body is flattened in shape, likely an adaptation to sticking to vertical tree trunks. It has bunches of spines on its neck. It is mostly olive green or greenish in color with dark brown mottling or banding. The chin is whitish, the throat is black, and there is a black "collar" around its neck. It is "mint-chocolate-chip-colored," a color tone that helps it blend into mossy tree bark.

## Habitat

The habitat of *Plica plica* is mainly primary and secondary forest. There it prefers to live on the largest of the forest trees. This lizard has a low active body temperature, around 30.7 °C. This may be related to its habit of remaining on trees in shady forest, where there is little opportunity to bask.

## Parasites

*Plica plica* harbors parasites such the digenea flatworm *Mesocoelium monas* and several nematodes, such as *Oswaldocruzia vitti*, *Physalopteroides venancioi*, *Strongyluris oscari*, and *Physaloptera retusa*. The protozoan *Plasmodium guyannense* was first described from this lizard in 1979.

## In tribal mythology

One tribe in the Tucano culture of Colombia holds *Plica plica* in high regard. It is one of the most important animals in their mythology, and they call it *vai-mahse*, meaning "lord of animals". It is also a phallic symbol. The lizard's hemipenis is visible at times, an organ that has been described as "aberrant" in shape, and a "small, red stick" that gives the animal special powers. Tucano people under the influence of hallucinogens have created artwork featuring various symbols of masculinity, with some representations bearing strong resemblance to the hemipenis.

## InfoBox

| *Plica plica* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Iguania |
| Family: | Tropiduridae |
| Genus: | *Plica* |
| Species: | ***P. plica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Plica plica***
(Linnaeus, 1758) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: The Oriental Leyte

abstract: The Oriental Hotel Leyte, also known as The Oriental Leyte, is a defunct hotel in the town of Palo in Leyte, Philippines. It was the only four-star rated hotel in the Eastern Visayas according to the Department of Tourism's National Accommodation Standards at the time of its operation. The facility was part of The Oriental Hotels and Resorts chain of the LKY Group of Companies.

text:
# The Oriental Leyte

**The Oriental Hotel Leyte**, also known as **The Oriental Leyte**, is a defunct hotel in the town of Palo in Leyte, Philippines. It was the only four-star rated hotel in the Eastern Visayas according to the Department of Tourism's National Accommodation Standards at the time of its operation.

The facility was part of The Oriental Hotels and Resorts chain of the LKY Group of Companies.

## History

Another hotel used to stand at the site of The Oriental Leyte. This hotel was the MacArthur Park Beach Resort which was built in 1983 by then First Lady Imelda Marcos. The hotel was sequestered by the Philippine national government after the People Power Revolution in 1986 and was transferred to the Leyte local government in 2009.

The Leyte government leased the associated property of the MacArthur hotel to the LKY Resorts and Hotel under a 25-year build, operate and transfer lease agreement in the same year.

The MacArthur Park Hotel's building was demolished to make way for a new hotel building. The Oriental Leyte first opened in 2012 The hotel building sustained heavy damage from Typhoon Haiyan, locally known as Super Typhoon Yolanda, in November 2013 forcing a ceasure of operations. Repair works on the hotel's facilities costed at least ₱300 million and The Oriental Leyte was reopened in 2016.

In January 2020, the Department of Tourism (DOT) gave the hotel a four-star rating under its National Accommodation Standards for hotels. The Oriental Leyte became the first hotel in the Eastern Visayas region to be given star accreditation by the tourism government department. However the hotel experienced a decline in bookings due to the COVID-19 pandemic which worsened in the same year. The hotel would eventually close on April 6, 2024.

## Facilities

The Oriental Leyte was situated besides the MacArthur Landing Memorial National Park and was connected to the park by a bridge since 2019. The hotel had 129 regular rooms and 8 suites. It also had 13 function rooms and a business center, as well as five videoke rooms, a fitness gym, three swimming pools and a single spa. The hotel prior to the onslaught of Typhoon Haiyan had 110 rooms.

The hotel reportedly in 2020 was a four-star hotel under the DOT's National Accommodation Standards. Under the tourism department's star-rating system, the hotel rated 716 points based on an assessment of its facilities and services.

## InfoBox

| The Oriental Leyte | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Alternative names | The Oriental Hotel Leyte |
| Hotel chain | The Oriental Hotels and Resorts |
| General information | |
| Status | Completed |
| Town or city | Palo, Leyte |
| Country | Philippines |
| Coordinates | 11°10′09.5″N 125°0′36.6″E / 11.169306°N 125.010167°E / 11.169306; 125.010167 |
| Opening | 2012 |
| Closed | April 6, 2024 (2024-04-06) |
| Management | LKY Resorts and Hotels, Inc. |
| Design and construction | |
| Developer | LKY Development Corporation |
| Other information | |
| Number of rooms | 129 |
| Number of suites | 8 |
| Website | |
| leyte.theorientalhotels.com | |


title: Daß ein gutes Deutschland blühe

abstract: Daß ein gutes Deutschland blühe is an East German documentary film directed by Joop Huisken. It was released in 1960.

text:
# Daß ein gutes Deutschland blühe

***Daß ein gutes Deutschland blühe*** is an East German documentary film directed by Joop Huisken. It was released in 1960.

## InfoBox

| Daß ein gutes Deutschland blühe | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Joop Huisken |
| Release date | * 1959 (1959) |
| Running time | 90 minutes |
| Country | East Germany |
| Language | German |


abstract: The women's 1500m Freestyle event at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games occurred on Wednesday, July 19, 2006, at the S.U. Pedro de Heredia Aquatic Complex in Cartagena, Colombia. The event was a timed final event, meaning that it was swum once.

text:
# Swimming at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games – Women's 1500 metre freestyle

The **women's 1500m Freestyle** event at the **2006 Central American and Caribbean Games** occurred on Wednesday, July 19, 2006, at the S.U. Pedro de Heredia Aquatic Complex in Cartagena, Colombia. The event was a timed final event, meaning that it was swum once (rather than the typical 2 times with prelim/finals, and the top-8 advancing).

## Records

| World Record | Janet Evans (USA) | **15:52.10** | 1988-03-26 | Orlando, USA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| CAC Record |  |  |  |  |

## Results

| Place | Swimmer | Country | Time | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Patricia Castañeda | Mexico | 17:03.47 | GR |
| 2 | Susana Escobar | Mexico | 17:14.83 |  |
| 3 | Golda Marcus | El Salvador | 17:31.70 |  |
| 4 | Andreina Pinto | Venezuela | 17:43.08 |  |
| 5 | Yanel Pinto | Venezuela | 17:45.62 |  |
| 6 | Isabel Acuña | Colombia | 17:46.25 |  |
| 7 | Gretchen Gotay | Puerto Rico | 17:51.21 |  |
| 8 | Juanita Hurtado | Colombia | 18:22.18 |  |
| 9 | Cindy Toscano | Guatemala | 18:23.82 |  |
| 10 | Militza Rios | Puerto Rico | 18:24.56 |  |
| 11 | Jodie Foster | Cayman Islands | 21:35.24 |  |
| -- | Johanna Rodríguez | Costa Rica | DNS |  |
|


title: Send Me a Lullaby

abstract: Send Me a Lullaby is The Go-Betweens' debut album. It was released in November 1981 in Australia on Missing Link as an eight-track mini-album. It was subsequently released in the UK on Rough Trade Records, an independent music record label in February 1982, as a 12-track album.

text:
# Send Me a Lullaby

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| *The Rolling Stone Album Guide* |  |

***Send Me a Lullaby*** is The Go-Betweens' debut album. It was released in November 1981 in Australia on Missing Link as an eight-track mini-album. It was subsequently released in the UK on Rough Trade Records, an independent music record label (Missing Link's UK distributors) in February 1982, as a 12-track album.

## Details

The album was recorded at the Richmond Recorders studio in Melbourne in July 1981. The album was engineered and produced by Tony Cohen (The Birthday Party), together with The Go-Betweens. Forster said that Cohen, although having a signature sound, lacked a producer's instinct and the band had to "choose their own songs and arrange them themselves," resulting in many older songs being jettisoned from the album. Cohen later said, "A band as different as the Go-Betweens threw me, and it took a while to catch up."

In 2002, Circus Records released an expanded CD which included a second disc of twelve bonus tracks of songs recorded by The Go-Betweens around the same time as the album together with a music video for the song, "Your Turn, My Turn".

McLennan later said, "*Send Me A Lullaby* is to me an inauspicious debut. It's a record that I think if I'd heard - well, it's hard for me to say that, but if I'd heard that and I wasn't in the band, I think my comment would have been 'What the fuck is going on here.' There's great melodies but then there's changes which to this day I can't work out. There's lyrics to this day which I don't understand and when I actually summon up enough courage to get to the microphone, I sound like a choirboy with a mouthful of fruitcake." Forster agreed, saying, "So, no classic first album. But a band has to keep thinking they are writing their own story. This was our way."

Morrison said her drumming on the album had been affected by the experimentation with her previous band Xero. "The trouble was, it had become part of me to do silly things, which is why my drumming is idiosyncratic with the Go-Betweens in many ways. On *Send Me A Lullaby* there are lots of strange drumbeats, things that a normal drummer wouldn't play," she said.

Melbourne artist Jenny Watson painted the cover of the album. The portraits were later purchased by the Australian National Portrait Gallery. Forster claimed, "She got the three of us with precision, placing us on the album with the touch of a master psychologist." The inner gatefold had pictures of Forster and McLennan's apartments.

## Reception

Reviewed in Australian Rolling Stone at the time of release, it was described as reflecting, "the progression from folky naivety of the early songs to a more involved, complex set of emotions, though understatement is still a key feature." The reviewer notes it is an album with, "no, or at least very few, overdubs," and says, "the band have produced a fresh, uncluttered sound that has a live presence to it." The review concludes by saying, "everything's come together just fine."

NME described the album as, "a record of tremendous depth, a mystery to be fathomed." Noting the album's naivety, clumsiness, intelligence, and frailty, the reviewer notes, "Maybe I'm forgetting, but this seems the least fussy, least pompous, most natural and moving music I've yet heard from their part of the planet." *Smash Hits* called it, "a set of unpolished but appealing songs. Their slight gawkiness would probably be scorned if they were British."

## Track listing

Send Me a Lullaby (original Australian issue)
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "One Thing Can Hold Us" | Grant McLennan | 3:17 |
| 2. | "People Know" (vocals by Lindy Morrison) | Robert Forster | 2:11 |
| 3. | "Midnight to Neon" | Robert Forster, Grant McLennan | 2:31 |
| 4. | "Careless" (lead guitar – Grant McLennan) | Robert Forster | 2:34 |
| 5. | "All About Strength" (lead guitar – Grant McLennan) | Grant McLennan | 2:12 |
| 6. | "Ride" | Robert Forster | 3:30 |
| 7. | "Hold Your Horses" | Grant McLennan | 2:14 |
| 8. | "It Could Be Anyone" (lead guitar – Grant McLennan) | Grant McLennan | 4:30 |

UK issue
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Your Turn, My Turn" | Grant McLennan | 3:03 |
| 2. | "One Thing Can Hold Us" | Grant McLennan | 3:17 |
| 3. | "People Know" (vocals by Lindy Morrison) | Robert Forster | 2:11 |
| 4. | "The Girls Have Moved" | Robert Forster | 2:36 |
| 5. | "Midnight to Neon" | Robert Forster | 2:31 |
| 6. | "Eight Pictures" | Robert Forster | 4:52 |
| 7. | "Careless" (lead guitar – Grant McLennan) | Robert Forster | 2:34 |
| 8. | "All About Strength" (lead guitar – Grant McLennan) | Grant McLennan | 2:12 |
| 9. | "Ride" | Robert Forster | 3:30 |
| 10. | "Hold Your Horses" | Grant McLennan | 2:14 |
| 11. | "Arrow in a Bow" | Robert Forster | 2:00 |
| 12. | "It Could Be Anyone" (lead guitar – Grant McLennan) | Grant McLennan | 4:30 |

2002 bonus disc
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Sunday Night" | Robert Forster | 2:50 |
| 2. | "One Word" | Grant McLennan | 2:02 |
| 3. | "I Need Two Heads" | Robert Forster | 2:34 |
| 4. | "The Clowns Are in Town" | Robert Forster | 2:14 |
| 5. | "Serenade Sound" | Grant McLennan | 2:23 |
| 6. | "Hope" | Robert Forster | 2:04 |
| 7. | "Stop Before You Say It" | Robert Forster | 1:42 |
| 8. | "World Weary" | Robert Forster | 1:41 |
| 9. | "Distant Hands" | Robert Forster | 2:01 |
| 10. | "Undo What You Did" | Robert Forster | 4:05 |
| 11. | "Cracked Wheat" | Robert Forster | 3:54 |
| 12. | "After the Fireworks" | Robert Forster, Grant McLennan, Nick Cave, Lindy Morrison | 6:59 |
| 13. | "Your Turn, My Turn" (Video) |  | 4:29 |

## Personnel

The Go-Betweens Additional personnel * Nick Cave – vocals on "After the Fireworks"
* Steve Daly – drums on "I Need Two Heads" and "Stop Before You Say It"
* James Freud – saxophone
* Mick Harvey – piano on "After the Fireworks"
* Rowland S. Howard – guitar on "After the Fireworks"
* Dan Wallace-Crabbe – piano on "World Weary"

## InfoBox

| Send Me a Lullaby | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by The Go-Betweens | |
| Released | November 1981 (AUS)
February 1982 (UK)
2002 |
| Recorded | July 1981
Melbourne, Australia |
| Genre | Rock, alternative rock, indie rock |
| Length | 35:37 |
| Label | Missing Link (AUS)
Rough Trade Records (UK)
Circus |
| Producer | The Go-Betweens, Tony Cohen |
| The Go-Betweens chronology | |
| ***Send Me a Lullaby***
(1981) *Before Hollywood*
(1983) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Send Me a Lullaby* | |
| 1. "Your Turn, My Turn"
Released: July 1981 | |
|  | |


title: Phillips (surname)

abstract: Phillips is a common patronymic surname of English and Welsh origin that derives from the given name Philip.

text:
# Phillips (surname)

**Phillips** is a common patronymic surname of English and Welsh origin that derives from the given name *Philip*.

## Notable people with this surname include

### A

### B

### C

### D

### E

### F

### G

### H

### I

### J

### K

### L

### M

### N

### O

### P

### R

### S

### T

### U

### V

### W

### X

### Z

## Disambiguation pages

### A

### B

### C

### D

### E

### F

### G

### H

### I

### J

### K

### L

### M

### N

### O

### P

### R

### S

### T

### V

### W

## Fictional characters

1. "Origin of Phillips". *one-name-study.phillipsdnaproject.com*. Retrieved 2015-09-08.
2. "Phillips Surname Meaning, History & Origin". *Select Surnames*. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
3. "Phillips Name Meaning, Family History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms". *HouseOfNames*. 2000-01-01. Retrieved 2023-03-08.

## InfoBox

Phillips
| Language(s) | English; Welsh |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | |
| Meaning | son of Philip |
| Region of origin | widespread |
| Other names | |
| Variant form(s) | Philips, Philipp, Philippson, Filip |