abstract: The Core Humanitarian Standard on Quality and Accountability (CHS) sets out nine commitments for humanitarian and development actors to measure and improve the quality and effectiveness of their assistance. The CHS places communities and people affected by crisis at the centre of humanitarian action. Humanitarian organisations may use it as a voluntary code with which to align their own internal procedures. It can also be used as a basis for verification of performance. The CHS was launched on 12 December 2014 in Copenhagen, Denmark as the result of a global consultation process involving 2,000 humanitarian and development practitioners. It draws together key elements of existing humanitarian standards and commitments. The founders and copyright holders of the CHS are Groupe URD, Sphere and the CHS Alliance. The CHS was updated in 2024 following an extensive global consultation with more than 4,000 people from crisis-affected communities and response organisations across 90 countries. The revision process led to the 2024 edition of the CHS, which is more people-centred with a simplified structure and clearer language, promoting accessibility to a diverse range of actors supporting people in crisis situations.

text:
# Core Humanitarian Standard on Quality and Accountability

The **Core Humanitarian Standard on Quality and Accountability (CHS)** sets out nine commitments for humanitarian and development actors to measure and improve the quality and effectiveness of their assistance. The CHS places communities and people affected by crisis at the centre of humanitarian action. Humanitarian organisations may use it as a voluntary code with which to align their own internal procedures. It can also be used as a basis for verification of performance.

The CHS was launched on 12 December 2014 in Copenhagen, Denmark as the result of a global consultation process involving 2,000 humanitarian and development practitioners. It draws together key elements of existing humanitarian standards and commitments. The founders and copyright holders of the CHS are Groupe URD, Sphere and the CHS Alliance.

The CHS was updated in 2024 following an extensive global consultation with more than 4,000 people from crisis-affected communities and response organisations across 90 countries. The revision process led to the 2024 edition of the CHS, which is more people-centred with a simplified structure and clearer language, promoting accessibility to a diverse range of actors supporting people in crisis situations.

## Background

The Core Humanitarian Standard (CHS) describes the essential elements of principled, accountable and high-quality humanitarian action. Humanitarian organisations may use it as a voluntary code with which to align their own internal procedures. It can also be used as a basis for verification of performance.

The CHS is the result of a 12-month, three-stage consultation facilitated by Humanitarian Accountability Partnership International (HAP), People In Aid and the Sphere Project, during which many hundreds of individuals and organisations rigorously analysed the content of the CHS and tested it at headquarters and field level.

The three founding bodies and copyright holders of the Core Humanitarian Standard are Groupe URD, Sphere, and the CHS Alliance. They play complementary roles, namely:

* The CHS Alliance assists its members and the wider community to promote and implement the CHS; the CHS Verification Scheme allows organisations to measure the extent to which they have successfully applied the Standard.
* Groupe URD helps organisations to improve the quality of their programmes through evaluations, research, training, and strategic and quality support. It has developed the Quality & Accountability COMPASS, which provides guidelines, processes and tools to help implement the CHS in the field.
* Sphere works with humanitarian agencies and individual practitioners to improve the quality and accountability of humanitarian assistance. The Sphere Handbook sets common principles and universal minimum standards in areas of humanitarian response. The Core Humanitarian Standard is one of the three foundational chapters of Sphere, informing and supporting the technical standards, together with the Humanitarian Charter and the Protection Principles.

Besides the CHS Alliance, Sphere and Groupe URD, there are numerous organisations around the world that advocate for, promote and implement the CHS.

## Nine commitments

The nine commitments are: People and communities in situations of crisis and vulnerability... 1. can exercise their rights and participate in actions and decisions that affect them. 2. access timely and effective support in accordance with their specific needs and priorities. 3. are better prepared and more resilient to potential crises. 4. access support that does not cause harm to people or the environment. 5. can safely report concerns and complaints and get them addressed. 6. access coordinated and complementary support. 7. access support that is continually adapted and improved based on feedback and learning. 8. interact with staff and volunteers that are respectful, competent, and well-managed. 9. can expect that resources are managed ethically and responsibly.

## Statements of support

The Core Humanitarian Standard (CHS) was created with the ambitious goal to provide the entire humanitarian and development sectors with a common reference framework for quality and accountability. Subsequently, many humanitarian and development organisations adopted the Standard and/or expressed their support.

Some of the notable statements of support are from the European Union, UNDP, UNIDO, International Committee of the Red Cross, Oxfam and from the governments of Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Furthermore, it has been featured in key documents such as the Commitments on Accountability to Affected People and Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (CAAP) by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), and the first annual synthesis report published by UNOCHA since the World Humanitarian Summit and entitled ‘No Time to Retreat’ (2017).

> *“We see the CHS has the clear potential to become an influential framework to set out a common set of commitments and expectations for organisations engaged in principled humanitarian action, based on humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence.”* \- International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) on the Core Humanitarian Standard

## Utilization

Since 2014, the uptake of the CHS is steadily on the increase. Case studies and best practices show that complying with the CHS indeed increases the overall effectiveness and quality of the work of humanitarian and development organisations. For example, putting emphasis on training (Commitment 7, 8) helps to improve the quality and speed of surge response, improving the way of engagement with communities (Commitment 4) helps to obtain quality information and thus a true understanding of people’s realities, and in general, the CHS contributes to making organisations more transparent and to addressing sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA).

## Verification

The Core Humanitarian Standard (CHS) is a voluntary and measurable standard, which means its application can be objectively assessed.

Verification is a structured, systematic process to assess the degree to which an organisation is working to achieve the CHS. The Verification Scheme is managed by the CHS Alliance. It sets out the policies and rules of the verification process to ensure it is conducted in a fair and consistent manner for all participating organisations.

The Scheme offers four verification options with different degrees of rigour and confidence in the results. These are self-assessment, peer review, independent verification and certification. Although each option is stand alone, the indicators used in the self-assessment are common to all four options.

To avoid potential conflicts of interest and following international good practice, the actual independent auditing is undertaken by a certification body specially established for this purpose and is totally independent from the CHS Alliance, the CHS standard setting process and the organisations it audits. Currently the only such organisation is the Humanitarian Quality Assurance Initiative.

1. "Home Page - CHS". *corehumanitarianstandard.org*. Retrieved 2018-01-23.
2. "The Core Humanitarian Standard to launch on 12 December". *reliefweb*. reliefweb. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
3. "Launch of a Stronger Standard". *chsalliance.org*. Retrieved 2024-01-05.
4. Purvis, Katherine (2015-06-11). "Core Humanitarian Standard: do NGOs need another set of standards?". *the Guardian*. Retrieved 2018-01-23.
5. "Strengthening humanitarian response through the application of a common standard: The Core Humanitarian Standard on Quality and Accountability" (PDF).
6. "Who We Are". Retrieved 2018-01-23.
7. "Groupe URD - Our mission". *www.urd.org*. Archived from the original on 2018-01-24. Retrieved 2018-01-23.
8. "The Sphere Project | The Sphere Project in brief | About". *www.sphereproject.org*. Retrieved 2018-01-23.
9. "The Standard". *corehumanitarianstandard.org*. Retrieved 2024-01-05.
10. "Statements of support - CHS". *corehumanitarianstandard.org*. Archived from the original on 2021-08-02. Retrieved 2018-01-23.
11. "Case study: Transforming surge capacity through training" (PDF).
12. "The People First Impact Method" (PDF).
13. "Seven ways to help curb corruption in the humanitarian sector". Retrieved 2018-01-23.
14. "Developing the PSEA Handbook – what we learnt". Retrieved 2018-01-23.
15. "Verification". Retrieved 2018-01-23.

## InfoBox

Core Humanitarian Standard on Quality and Accountability (CHS)
| Formation | 2014 |
| --- | --- |
| Legal status | Non-profit organisation |
| Website | http://corehumanitarianstandard.org |


title: Country Teachers

abstract: Country Teachers is a 1993 Chinese drama film directed by He Qun. The film was selected as the Chinese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 66th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

text:
# Country Teachers

***Country Teachers*** (Chinese: 凤凰琴) is a 1993 Chinese drama film directed by He Qun. The film was selected as the Chinese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 66th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Country Teachers | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Traditional Chinese | 鳳凰琴 |
| Simplified Chinese | 凤凰琴 |
| Literal meaning | fenghuang qin (phoenix zither) |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin fènghuáng qín  Yue: Cantonese  Jyutping fung6 wong4 kam4 | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Directed by | He Qun |
| Starring | Li Baotian |
| Release date | * 1993 (1993) |
| Running time | 90 minutes |
| Country | China |
| Language | Mandarin |


title: Country Town

abstract: Country Town is a 1971 Australian drama film directed by Peter Maxwell, produced by Fenton Rosewarne and starring Terry McDermott, Gary Gray and Lynette Curran. It was a film version of the Australian television series Bellbird, written by Barbara Vernon.

text:
# Country Town

***Country Town*** is a 1971 Australian drama film directed by Peter Maxwell, produced by Fenton Rosewarne and starring Terry McDermott, Gary Gray and Lynette Curran. It was a film version of the Australian television series *Bellbird*, written by Barbara Vernon.

## Plot

A severe drought strikes the town of Bellbird. Young reporter Philip Henderson arrives and stirs old tensions. The locals rally together and hold a fund-raising gymkhana.

## Cast

## Production

The film was made in January 1971 during a break in production from filming the TV series. Although most of the regular cast were involved and the script was written by Barbara Vernon, who was one of the main writers on the show, the ABC was not formally involved in production. The movie was the idea of two regular cast members, Gary Gray and Terry McDermott who formed a production company, Avargo, with Fenton Rosewarne, an ABC film editor, and Rod Barnett, a chartered accountant. English director Peter Maxwell, who had extensive experience of working in Australia, was hired to direct.

The film was shot on 16mm over four weeks on a $70,000 budget starting late January 1971. Yea in Victoria was the main location with drought scenes shot in Wentworth, New South Wales. After editing was completed the Australian Film Development Corporation provided $15,000 to help prepare 35 mm prints.

## Release

The film was distributed by Gray and McDermott themselves, released first in country areas then reaching Sydney in 1973.

1. Andrew Pike and Ross Cooper, *Australian Film 1900–1977: A Guide to Feature Film Production*, Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1998 p257
2. BFI.org
3. *Bellbird* Archived 14 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine at Australian Soap Archive
4. ""LANE END" should please "Bellbird" fans". *The Australian Women's Weekly*. 8 December 1971. p. 10. Retrieved 23 September 2012  via National Library of Australia.

## InfoBox

| Country Town | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Peter Maxwell |
| Written by | Barbara Vernon |
| Produced by | Fenton Rosewarne |
| Starring | Terry McDermott |
| Cinematography | Bruce McNaughton |
| Edited by | Raymond Daley |
| Music by | Bruce Clarke |
| Production
companies | Outback Films
Avargo Productions |
| Distributed by | Gary Gray
Terry McDermott |
| Release date | * 19 June 1971 (1971-06-19) |
| Running time | 106 minutes |
| Country | Australia |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $85,000 |


title: String Quartet No. 3 (Piston)

abstract: String Quartet No. 3 by Walter Piston is a chamber-music work composed in 1947.

text:
# String Quartet No. 3 (Piston)

**String Quartet No. 3** by Walter Piston is a chamber-music work composed in 1947.

## History

Piston's third string quartet was commissioned by Harvard University and first performed by the Walden String Quartet on May 1, 1947. It is dedicated to Diran Alexanian.

## Analysis

The quartet is in three movements:

1. Allegro
2. Lento
3. Allegro

Both of the outer movements are in sonata-allegro form, and are in F minor. The central Lento movement is a calm theme and variations in C minor. However, the first movement actually begins in A major/minor, only gradually settling into F minor at the end, and the variation movement spends a lot of its time in the parallel major (the dominant of F minor). However, Piston's characteristic flexibility of tonality and thickly chromatic harmony makes it simplest to omit key signatures.

## Discography

* 1984. *Walter Piston: String Quartet No. 3; String Quartet No. 4*. Portland String Quartet. Sounds of New England LP recording. Northeastern Records NR 214. Boston, Massachusetts: Northeastern Records. Third Quartet reissued on *Walter Piston: String Quartet No. 1; String Quartet No. 2; String Quartet No. 3*. The Portland String Quartet (Stephen Kecskemethy and Ronald Lanz, violins; Julia Adams, viola; Paul Ross, cello). CD recording. Northeastern NR 9001 CD. Boston: Northeastern University, 1988.
* 2010. *Walter Piston: String Quartets Nos. 1, 3 and 5*. Harlem Quartet. CD Recording. Naxos 8.559630 \[Hong Kong\]: Naxos Records.

**Sources**

* DeVoto, Mark. 1988. Booklet notes for *Walter Piston: String Quartet No. 1; String Quartet No. 2; String Quartet No. 3*. The Portland String Quartet (Stephen Kecskemethy and Ronald Lanz, violins; Julia Adams, viola; Paul Ross, cello). CD recording. Northeastern NR 9001 CD. Boston: Northeastern University.
* Pollack, Howard. 1982. *Walter Piston*. Studies in Musicology. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press. ISBN 0-8357-1280-X.


# Candidates of the 1910 New South Wales state election

This is a list of candidates for the 1910 New South Wales state election. The election was held on 14 October 1910.

## Retiring Members

### Liberal

### Independent

## Legislative Assembly

Sitting members are shown in bold text. Successful candidates are highlighted in the relevant colour. Where there is possible confusion, an asterisk (\*) is also used.

| Electorate | Held by | Labor candidate | Liberal candidate | Other candidates |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |
| Albury | Ind Liberal | Benjamin Lloyd |  | **Gordon McLaurin** (Ind Lib) |
| Alexandria | Labor | **John Dacey** | George Smith | James Horne (Ind) |
| Allowrie | Liberal | Charles Craig | **Mark Morton** |  |
| Annandale | Liberal | George Davidson | Albert Bruntnell |  |
| Armidale | Liberal | Francis Bryant | **Edmund Lonsdale** |  |
| Ashburnham | Labor | **John Lynch** | Reginald Weaver |  |
| Ashfield | Liberal | Francis Cowling | **William Robson** |  |
| Balmain | Labor | **John Storey** | John Hurley |  |
| Bathurst | Liberal | Joseph Coates | **John Miller** |  |
| Bega | Liberal | Francis Riley | **William Wood** |  |
| Belmore | Labor | **Patrick Minahan** |  | John English (Ind Lab) |
| Belubula | Liberal | Cornelius Danahey | **Thomas Waddell** |  |
| Bingara | Liberal | George McDonald | **Samuel Moore** |  |
| Blayney | Labor | **George Beeby** | William Kelk |  |
| Botany | Labor | **Fred Page** | George Howe |  |
| Broken Hill | Labor | **John Cann** |  |  |
| Burrangong | Labor | **George Burgess** | James Carroll |  |
| Burwood | Liberal | Thomas Tytherleigh | **Thomas Henley** |  |
| Camden | Liberal | Frederick Webster | **Fred Downes** |  |
| Camperdown | Labor | **Robert Stuart-Robertson** | Thomas Jessep |  |
| Canterbury | Liberal | Ernest Burgess | **Varney Parkes** | John Gager (Ind) |
| Castlereagh | Labor | **John Treflé** | William Donnelly |  |
| Clarence | Liberal | William Cahill | **John McFarlane** |  |
| Clyde | Liberal | William Tomkins | **William Millard** | Samuel Rose (Ind) |
| Cobar | Labor | **Donald Macdonell** |  |  |
| Cootamundra | Labor | **William Holman** | Granville Ryrie |  |
| Corowa | Liberal | John Grant | **Richard Ball** |  |
| Darling | Labor | **John Meehan** | William Shepherd |  |
| Darling Harbour | Labor | **John Cochran** |  | Andrew Thomson (Ind Lab) |
| Darlinghurst | Liberal | Jack FitzGerald | **Daniel Levy** | John Haynes (Ind) |
| Deniliquin | Labor | **Henry Peters** |  | Arthur Trethowan (FSA) |
| Durham | Liberal | Robert Elkin | **William Brown** | Walter Bennett (Ind Lib) |
| Glebe | Liberal | Tom Keegan | **James Hogue** |  |
| Gloucester | Liberal | Con Hogan | **Richard Price** | James Gregg (Ind) |
| Gordon | Liberal | Conrad Von Hagen | **Charles Wade** |  |
| Gough | Liberal | Henry Colditz | **Follett Thomas** |  |
| Goulburn | Liberal | Percy Hollis | **Augustus James** |  |
| Granville | Liberal | Francis McLean | **John Nobbs** |  |
| Gwydir | Labor | **George Jones** | Edward Spear |  |
| Hartley | Labor | **James Dooley** | Sydney Innes-Noad |  |
| Hastings and Macleay | Liberal | Hugh Bridson | **Robert Davidson** | Henry Morton (Ind) |
| Hawkesbury | Liberal | Albert Jones | **Brinsley Hall** |
| Kahibah | Labor | **Alfred Edden** | Walter Clutton |  |
| King | Liberal | James Morrish | Neville Mayman | Philip Cullen (Ind)
Michael Egan (Ind)
James Jones (Ind)
Robert Roberts (Ind) |
| Lachlan | Labor | **Andrew Kelly** | William Ewers |  |
| Lane Cove | Liberal | Sydney Hutton | **David Fell** |  |
| Leichhardt | Labor | **Campbell Carmichael** | Frederick Reed |  |
| Liverpool Plains | Labor | **Henry Horne** |  | Robert Patten (FSA) |
| Macquarie | Liberal | Thomas Thrower | James Burns |  |
| Maitland | Ind Liberal | Laurence Vial |  | **John Gillies** (Ind Lib) |
| Marrickville | Liberal | Thomas Crawford | Rupert McCoy | Tedbar Barden (Ind)
Arthur Blackwood (Ind Lib) |
| Middle Harbour | Liberal | Stephen O'Brien | **Richard Arthur** | David Middleton (Ind Lib) |
| Monaro | Labor | **Gus Miller** | William Wright |  |
| Mudgee | Liberal | Bill Dunn | **Robert Jones** |  |
| Murray | Labor | **Robert Scobie** |  |  |
| Murrumbidgee | Labor | **Patrick McGarry** | John Fletcher |  |
| Namoi | Independent | George Black |  | Hubert O'Reilly (Ind Lib) |
| Newcastle | Liberal | Arthur Gardiner | **Owen Gilbert** |  |
| Newtown | Labor | **Robert Hollis** | William Ferguson | Patrick Quinn (Ind) |
| Northumberland | Labor | **William Kearsley** |  | Reginald Harris (Ind Lib) |
| Orange | Liberal | Greg McGirr | **John Fitzpatrick** |  |
| Paddington | Liberal | John Osborne | **Charles Oakes** | Francis Meacle (Ind Lib) |
| Parramatta | Liberal | Dowell O'Reilly | **Tom Moxham** |  |
| Petersham | Liberal | Adamson Dawson | **John Cohen** |  |
| Phillip | Ind Liberal | **Richard Meagher** | Henry Manning | William Leonard (Ind) |
| Pyrmont | Labor | **John McNeill** | John Sutton | William McCristal (Ind Lab) |
| Queanbeyan | Labor | **John Cusack** | Joseph Roberts |  |
| Raleigh | Ind Liberal | Clem Johnson |  | **George Briner** (Ind Lib) |
| Randwick | Ind Liberal | George Young |  | **David Storey** (Ind Lib) |
| Redfern | Labor | **James McGowen** | John Fegan |  |
| Richmond | Liberal | William Gillies | **John Perry** |  |
| Rous | Liberal | Alfred Taylor | **George Hindmarsh** |  |
| Rozelle | Labor | **James Mercer** | Tom Hoskins |  |
| St George | Liberal | William Bagnall | **William Taylor** |  |
| St Leonards | Ind Liberal | George Down | Arthur Cocks | **Edward Clark** (Ind Lib) |
| Sherbrooke | Liberal | Andrew Thompson | **John Hunt** |  |
| Singleton | Liberal | Sydney Pender | **James Fallick** |  |
| Sturt | Labor | **Arthur Griffith** | Henry Kelly |  |
| Surry Hills | Liberal | Henry Hoyle | **Sir James Graham** | John Eaton (Ind) |
| Tamworth | Ind Liberal | John Lord |  | **Robert Levien** (Ind Lib) |
| Tenterfield | Liberal | Reginald Whereat | **Charles Lee** | Robert Pyers (Ind) |
| Upper Hunter | Labor | **William Ashford** | Henry Willis |  |
| Waratah | Labor | **John Estell** | Thomas Collins |  |
| Waverley | Liberal | Walter Duncan | **James Macarthur-Onslow** | Henry Douglass (Ind)
Robert Watkins (Ind Lib) |
| Wickham | Labor | **William Grahame** | Thomas Allsopp |  |
| Wollondilly | Liberal | Charles Fern | **William McCourt** |  |
| Wollongong | Labor | **John Nicholson** | Edward Beeby |  |
| Woollahra | Liberal | James McCarthy | **William Latimer** | Leo Robinson (Ind) |
| Wynyard | Ind Liberal | Walter Boston |  | **Robert Donaldson** (Ind Lib) |
| Yass | Labor | **Niels Nielsen** | Bernard Grogan |  |

* Green, Antony. "1910 election candidate index". *New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007*. New South Wales Parliament.


title: String Quartet No. 3 (Dvořák)

abstract: At over an hour's duration, Dvořák's String Quartet No. 3 in D major B. 18 is the longest of his compositions for this medium. It was written early in his career, probably at some stage in the years 1869 and 1870. In addition to its length, its style has been described in parts as Wagnerian.

text:
# String Quartet No. 3 (Dvořák)

At over an hour's duration, Dvořák's **String Quartet No. 3 in D major** B. 18 is the longest of his compositions for this medium. It was written early in his career, probably at some stage in the years 1869 and 1870. In addition to its length, its style has been described in parts as Wagnerian.

## Background

The String Quartet No. 3 was one of three (Nos. , 3, and ) which Dvořák believed he had destroyed after he had disposed of the scores, they having been written early in his composing career. The exact date of this one cannot be ascertained, but all three were composed during the years 1868 to 1870, with the completion of No. 4 given as December 1870. At a later stage the separate parts for the individual players were re-discovered and these quartets rescued for posterity. This quartet appears not to have been published commercially, but it appears in the Souborné vydání díla (complete critical edition), volume 5, dated 1964.

It received its first performance by the Dvorak Quartet, at the Rudolfinum, Prague, on 12 January 1969.

## Structure

String Quartet No. 3 in D major, B. 18 is in four movements, as follows:

1. *Allegro con brio*
2. *Andantino*
3. *Allegro energico — Trio*
4. *Finale: Allegretto*

Typical performances take between 65 and 70 minutes.

## Recordings

According to one source, the first recording was in 1938, by the Lener (Lehner) Quartet, which may have been reissued on CD by Rockport Records, although this was unverifiable in October 2015. Another source indicates that this recording was of String Quartet No. 10 in E major (which was 'No. 3' based on the old-style numbering). This would suggest that the first recording was in 1976 by the Prague String Quartet for Deutsche Grammophon. Subsequent recordings have been made by the Stamic, Panocha, Vlach and Zemlinsky string quartets.

* Burghauser, Jarmil (1977). *Notes translated by John Coombs – Dvorak: The String Quartets (Set: 429-193-2)* (CD Box Set). Antonín Dvořák. Germany: Deutsche Grammophon. 429-196-2, tracks 1-4.
* Šourek, Otakar; (Trans.)Samsour, Roberta Finlayson. *The Chamber Music of Antonín Dvořák*. Czechoslovakia: Artia.
* Herbert and Trufitt, Peter J F and Ian T (2004). *Antonin Dvorak complete catalogue of works, (The Dvorak Society occasional publications no. 4), 4th revised edition*. The Dvorak Society for Czech and Slovak Music. ISBN 0-9532769-4-5.
* *Prager Streichquartett, Deutsche Grammophon CD recording of SQ No. 3 429-196-2, Tracks 1-4*.


title: Scott Gruhl

abstract: Scott Gruhl is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. Gruhl was born in Port Colborne, Ontario. He played two years with Northeastern University, before joining the Sudbury Wolves for the 1978–79 season. Gruhl turned professional in 1979 with the Saginaw Gears, after a tryout with the Binghamton Dusters. He would play until 1996 with various minor league professional teams. He earned two callups to the Los Angeles Kings and one with the Pittsburgh Penguins during his career.

text:
# Scott Gruhl

**Scott Gruhl** (born September 13, 1959) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player.

Gruhl was born in Port Colborne, Ontario. He played two years with Northeastern University, before joining the Sudbury Wolves for the 1978–79 season.

Gruhl turned professional in 1979 with the Saginaw Gears, after a tryout with the Binghamton Dusters. He would play until 1996 with various minor league professional teams. He earned two callups to the Los Angeles Kings and one with the Pittsburgh Penguins during his career.

## Career statistics

|  | | |  | Regular Season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1976-77 | Northeastern University | ECAC | | 17 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1977-78 | Northeastern University | ECAC | | 28 | 21 | 38 | 59 | 46 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1978–79 | Sudbury Wolves | OHA | | 68 | 35 | 49 | 84 | 78 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1979–80 | Binghamton Dusters | AHL | | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1979–80 | Saginaw Gears | IHL | | 75 | 53 | 40 | 93 | 100 | | 7 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 16 |
| 1980–81 | Saginaw Gears | IHL | | 77 | 56 | 34 | 90 | 87 | | 13 | 11 | 8 | 19 | 12 |
| 1980–81 | Houston Apollos | CHL | | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1981–82 | New Haven Nighthawks | AHL | | 73 | 28 | 41 | 69 | 107 | | 4 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 2 |
| 1981–82 | Los Angeles Kings | NHL | | 7 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1982–83 | New Haven Nighthawks | AHL | | 68 | 25 | 38 | 63 | 114 | | 12 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 22 |
| 1982–83 | Los Angeles Kings | NHL | | 7 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1983–84 | Muskegon Mohawks | IHL | | 56 | 40 | 56 | 96 | 49 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1984–85 | Muskegon Lumberjacks | IHL | | 82 | 62 | 64 | 126 | 102 | | 17 | 7 | 16 | 23 | 25 |
| 1985–86 | Muskegon Lumberjacks | IHL | | 82 | 59 | 50 | 109 | 178 | | 14 | 7 | 13 | 20 | 22 |
| 1986–87 | Muskegon Lumberjacks | IHL | | 67 | 34 | 39 | 73 | 157 | | 15 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 54 |
| 1987–88 | Pittsburgh Penguins | NHL | | 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1987–88 | Muskegon Lumberjacks | IHL | | 55 | 28 | 47 | 75 | 115 | | 6 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 12 |
| 1988–89 | Muskegon Lumberjacks | IHL | | 79 | 37 | 55 | 92 | 163 | | 14 | 8 | 11 | 19 | 37 |
| 1989–90 | Muskegon Lumberjacks | IHL | | 80 | 41 | 51 | 92 | 206 | | 15 | 8 | 6 | 14 | 26 |
| 1990–91 | Fort Wayne Komets | IHL | | 59 | 23 | 47 | 70 | 109 | | 19 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 39 |
| 1991–92 | Fort Wayne Komets | IHL | | 78 | 44 | 61 | 105 | 196 | | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 48 |
| 1992–93 | Fort Wayne Komets | IHL | | 73 | 34 | 47 | 81 | 290 | | 12 | 4 | 11 | 15 | 14 |
| 1993–94 | Kalamazoo Wings | IHL | | 30 | 15 | 12 | 27 | 85 | | 5 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 26 |
| 1993–94 | Milwaukee Admirals | IHL | | 28 | 6 | 9 | 15 | 102 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1994–95 | Richmond Renegades | ECHL | | 49 | 31 | 40 | 71 | 288 | | 17 | 9 | 9 | 18 | 68 |
| 1995–96 | Richmond Renegades | ECHL | | 60 | 46 | 39 | 85 | 236 | | 7 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 18 |
| 1995–96 | Baltimore Bandits | AHL | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1995–96 | Fort Wayne Komets | IHL | |  |  |  |  |  | | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| IHL Totals | | | | 921 | 532 | 612 | 1144 | 1939 | | 145 | 64 | 92 | 156 | 331 |
| NHL Totals | | | | 20 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 6 | |  |  |  |  |  |

## Awards

* IHL Second All-Star Team (1980, 1986, 1992)
* IHL First All-Star Team (1984, 1985)
* James Gatschene Memorial Trophy (MVP - IHL) (1985)

## InfoBox

| Scott Gruhl | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1959-09-13) September 13, 1959
Port Colborne, Ontario, Canada | | |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (185 cm) | | |
| Weight | 200 lb (91 kg; 14 st 4 lb) | | |
| Position | Left wing | | |
| Shot | Left | | |
| Played for | Los Angeles Kings
Pittsburgh Penguins | | |
| NHL draft | Undrafted | | |
| Playing career | 19791996 | | |


title: Correa 'Dusky Bells'

abstract: Correa 'Dusky Bells' is a Correa cultivar from Australia. It is a compact and dense shrub that grows to 0.6 metres in height and 2 to 4 metres in width. The lanceolate, elliptic or ovate leaves vary in size from 10 to 40 mm long and 5 to 20 mm wide. The tubular flowers are pale carmine pink and appear predominantly between March and September. The cultivar is believed to have been originally distributed as Correa sp. and later as Correa sp. (pink), Correa 'Rubra', Correa 'Carmine Bells' and Correa 'Pink Bells'. The name 'Dusky Bells' was originally applied to a Correa reflexa cultivar, but came to be adopted for the plant now known by that name. An application to register the name 'Dusky Bells' was received by the Australian Cultivar Registration Authority in 1980 and accepted in 1986.

text:
# Correa 'Dusky Bells'

***Correa* 'Dusky Bells'** is a *Correa* cultivar from Australia. It is a compact and dense shrub that grows to 0.6 metres in height and 2 to 4 metres in width. The lanceolate, elliptic or ovate leaves vary in size from 10 to 40 mm long and 5 to 20 mm wide. The tubular flowers are pale carmine pink and appear predominantly between March and September.

The cultivar is believed to have been originally distributed as *Correa* sp. and later as *Correa* sp. (pink), *Correa* 'Rubra', *Correa* 'Carmine Bells' and *Correa* 'Pink Bells'. The name 'Dusky Bells' was originally applied to a *Correa reflexa* cultivar, but came to be adopted for the plant now known by that name. An application to register the name 'Dusky Bells' was received by the Australian Cultivar Registration Authority in 1980 and accepted in 1986.

## Cultivation

It is a long-lived shrub, with frost resistance and moderate drought tolerance. Being a hybrid, propagation by cuttings is required to produce plants which are true to type. *Correa* 'Dusky Bells' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

## InfoBox

| *Correa* 'Dusky Bells' | |
| --- | --- |
| Genus | *Correa* |
| Hybrid parentage | *Correa pulchella* × *Correa reflexa* |
| Cultivar | 'Dusky Bells' |


title: SuGui Kriss

abstract: SuGui Kriss is a former American Paralympic volleyballer.

text:
# SuGui Kriss

**SuGui Kriss** (birth name **Yang SuGui**; born July 6, 1987) is a former American Paralympic volleyballer.

## Biography

Kriss was born in Kunming, Yunnan province, China from where she was adopted when she was 8 years old. She started competing for Paralympic Games in 2006, when she got into the 5th place at Netherlands' Sitting Volleyball World Championship.

In 2007, she got her first medal which was silver for her participation at Sitting volleyball Invitational in Shanghai, China. The same year she visited her orphanage for a month and a half. She came back to her homeland for the 2008 Paralympics which were held in Beijing, during which she first carried an American flag and won a silver medal.

The same year she got a bronze medal for her participation at World Organization Volleyball for Disabled at Ismaïlia, Egypt.

## InfoBox

| SuGui Kriss | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Nationality | American |
| Born | Yang SuGui
(1987-07-06) July 6, 1987
Kunming, Yunnan, China |
| Height | 5 ft 2 in (1.57 m) |
| Weight | 130 lb (59 kg) |
| Medal record      Women's sitting volleyball  Representing  United States  Paralympic Games  2008 Beijing Team  Sitting Volleyball Invitational  2007 Shanghai, China Team  WOVD Intercontinental Cup  2008 Ismaïlia, Egypt Team | |


title: Scott Gumbleton

abstract: Scott Gumbleton is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Essendon and Fremantle Football Clubs in the Australian Football League (AFL).

text:
# Scott Gumbleton

**Scott Gumbleton** (born 3 August 1988) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Essendon and Fremantle Football Clubs in the Australian Football League (AFL).

## Early career

He was drafted by Essendon with the second selection in the 2006 AFL Draft. Prior to the Draft, Gumbleton was widely seen as one of the top key position players for his age group, and was expected to be Essendon's first pick in the number 2 spot. As a natural centre half-forward player, Gumbleton's imposing figure places him in the immediate spotlight, with North Melbourne recruiting manager Neville Stibbard already talking of an upcoming rivalry between Gumbleton and the third draft pick of the same year, Lachlan Hansen, who has been described as a natural centre half-back.

## AFL career

Gumbleton's 2007, 2008 and 2009 seasons were all plagued by injury and he played only five AFL games in first three seasons, all of which were in 2007. However, the 2010 season saw much improvement for Gumbleton, having a full pre-season, playing 17 of the first 18 games and being re-signed by Essendon, after showing much improvement. Gumbleton suffered yet another injury in round 18, with broken ribs and a punctured lung, ruling him out for the remainder of the 2010 season. Scott's 2011 season was again plagued by injury and he failed to play any games at AFL level. At the end of 2011 Scott had back surgery to repair a disk. It was hoped the surgery would fix his chronic hamstring issues. In 2012 Scott played his first senior game in nearly two years when he returned against Port Adelaide in round 16, booting three goals. He finished the 2012 season having played six games kicking 11 goals. Despite having long-term offers from rival clubs at the end of 2012 Gumbleton showed his loyalty to Essendon agreeing to a new one-year deal to remain at the club until at least the end of 2013.

In October 2013, Gumbleton was recruited by Fremantle, who traded the 55th selection in the 2013 AFL Draft to Essendon.

After failing to play a senior game in his one season at Fremantle, Gumbleton announced his retirement in September 2014. He returned to Melbourne to play for the Banyule Football Club in the Northern Football League from 2015.

Gumbleton, along with 33 other Essendon players, was found guilty of using a banned performance-enhancing substance, thymosin beta-4, as part of Essendon's sports supplements program during the 2012 season. He and his team-mates were initially found not guilty in March 2015 by the AFL Anti-Doping Tribunal, but a guilty verdict was returned in January 2016 after an appeal by the World Anti-Doping Agency. He was suspended for two years which, with backdating, ended in November 2016; as a result, he served approximately fourteen months of his suspension and missed the entire 2016 season with Banyule.

## Statistics

**Legend**
| G | Goals | K | Kicks | D | Disposals | T | Tackles |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| B | Behinds | H | Handballs | M | Marks |

| Season | Team | No. | Games | Totals | | | | | | | Averages (per game) | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | G | B | K | H | D | M | T | G | B | K | H | D | M | T |
| 2007 | Essendon | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 19 | 22 | 41 | 26 | 4 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 8.2 | 5.2 | 0.8 |
| 2008 | Essendon | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2009 | Essendon | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2010 | Essendon | 3 | 17 | 19 | 12 | 102 | 71 | 173 | 84 | 31 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 6.0 | 4.2 | 10.2 | 4.9 | 1.8 |
| 2011 | Essendon | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2012 | Essendon | 3 | 6 | 11 | 4 | 35 | 23 | 58 | 24 | 8 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 5.8 | 3.8 | 9.7 | 4.0 | 1.3 |
| 2013 | Essendon | 3 | 7 | 12 | 6 | 38 | 29 | 67 | 37 | 9 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 5.4 | 4.1 | 9.6 | 5.3 | 1.3 |
| 2014 | Fremantle | 19 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Career | | | 35 | 45 | 23 | 194 | 145 | 339 | 171 | 52 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 5.5 | 4.1 | 9.7 | 4.9 | 1.5 |

## InfoBox

| Scott Gumbleton | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Scott Gumbleton | | |
| Date of birth | (1988-08-03) 3 August 1988 | | |
| Original team(s) | Peel Thunder Football Club (WAFL) | | |
| Draft | No. 2, 2006 National Draft, Essendon | | |
| Height | 197 cm (6 ft 6 in) | | |
| Weight | 99 kg (218 lb) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 2007–2013 | Essendon | 35 (45) |
| 2014 | Fremantle | 00 0(0) |
| Total |  | **35 (45)** |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 2014. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Cotler

abstract:
Cotler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
  - Irwin Cotler, Member of the Canadian Parliament for Mount Royal
  - Doug Cotler, American singer-songwriting and composer
  - Kami Cotler, American actress and educator
  - Julia Quinn, the pseudonym of Julie Pottinger, an American writer
  - Loire Cotler, American Jazz Rhythm Vocalist
  - Zachary Cotler, American film director and poet

text:
# Cotler

**Cotler** is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

* Irwin Cotler (born 1940), Member of the Canadian Parliament for Mount Royal
* Doug Cotler (born 1949), American singer-songwriting and composer
* Kami Cotler (born 1965), American actress and educator
* Julia Quinn, the pseudonym of Julie Pottinger (born Julie Cotler in 1970), an American writer
* Loire Cotler, American Jazz Rhythm Vocalist (born Lori Beth Cotler in 1972)
* Zachary Cotler (born 1981), American film director and poet


title: Canteen (charity)

abstract: Canteen is an Australian national support organisation for young people living with cancer; including cancer patients, their brothers and sisters, and young people with parents or primary carers with cancer. Canteen was created by young cancer patients in 1985 and its policies are guided by young people living with cancer. The organisation is also present in New Zealand. On the last Friday of October, Canteen holds National Bandanna Day. Bandannas are sold to fundraise. Canteen's celebrity ambassadors include Shannan Ponton, Kate Peck, Chris Bond, Terry Campes, MC Optamus, Kathryn Robinson, Jessica Adamso, David Mackay, Duncan Smith and Joey Toutounji.

text:
# Canteen (charity)

**Canteen** is an Australian national support organisation for young people (aged 12–25) living with cancer; including cancer patients, their brothers and sisters, and young people with parents or primary carers with cancer.

Canteen was created by young cancer patients in 1985 and its policies are guided by young people living with cancer. The organisation is also present in New Zealand.

On the last Friday of October, Canteen holds National Bandanna Day. Bandannas are sold to fundraise.

Canteen's celebrity ambassadors include Shannan Ponton, Kate Peck, Chris Bond, Terry Campes, MC Optamus, Kathryn Robinson, Jessica Adamso, David Mackay, Duncan Smith and Joey Toutounji.


title: Cotley Castle

abstract: Cotley Castle is a large Iron Age Hill fort near Dunchideock in Devon and close to Exeter in England. It occupies a significant hilltop at 220 metres (720 ft) above sea level, just to the north of Great Haldon, part of the same ridge of the Haldon Hills.

text:
# Cotley Castle

**Cotley Castle** is a large Iron Age Hill fort near Dunchideock in Devon and close to Exeter in England. It occupies a significant hilltop at 220 metres (720 ft) above sea level, just to the north of Great Haldon, part of the same ridge of the Haldon Hills.

1. R.R.Sellman; Aspects of Devon History, Devon Books 1985 - ISBN 0-86114-756-1 \- Chapter 2; The Iron Age in Devon. Map Page 11 of Iron Age hill forts in Devon includes Cotley.

50°41′39″N 3°36′54″W / 50.6943°N 3.6150°W / 50.6943; -3.6150


title: Canteen Lunch in the Alley

abstract:
Canteen Lunch in the Alley is a restaurant located in Ottumwa, Iowa. The original five-stool Canteen Lunch was opened in 1927 in a different location, and moved to its current address in 1936. The “Canteen Lunch” was originally established in 1927. In 1936, the business relocated to its present location under the second street parking ramp in Ottumwa, Iowa. It has since been a local institution known for its loose-meat sandwiches and homemade pies. The restaurant's design is a horseshoe-shaped counter-top surrounded by 16 stools.
It remains an example of an early to mid-20th-century lunchroom. The Canteen Lunch reflects on this type of eating establishment that gained popularity in the 1920s and 1930s as social and economic challenges were felt by the Great Depression. Lunchrooms like The Canteen were frequented by those who had a small budget for eating out, but still needed to have lunch. Places like The Canteen offered simple short-order food in an informal place to meet and socialize. They were typically frequented by male workers and were typically located near factories. The Canteen Lunch remains in operation today. The canteen sandwich is a loose-meat sandwich resembling that of a “Maid-Rite” or “Sloppy Joe”; however, it is seasoned differently and served more similarly to a hamburger with condiments like pickles, ketchup and mustard. A cheese sauce can be added for a small additional charge. The lunchroom itself is accessed through an alley and is sought out by native Ottumwans as a first order of business when returning home. The friendly atmosphere coupled with simple but tasty food draws natives and visitors alike. The sandwich and operations are intriguing in design. Every day, the lunchroom prepares 100–150 lbs of ground beef. The grind is finer than standard store ground beef. Attempts to use a coarser grind were immediately noticed by the patrons and rejected in favor of the finer grind. The sandwich is served on an oversized custom-made hamburger bun that is cut and left hinged just prior to making the sandwich. The sandwich is placed in a custom wax paper wrapper that has a thicker than average wax coating for extra protection. A teaspoon is traditionally included with the sandwich to scoop out any remaining beef from the paper after finishing the sandwich. The layout of the restaurant is just as essential to the lunchroom's success. The horseshoe-shaped counter wraps around the freestanding metal steamer. One waitress continually stirs the beef as it cooks in full sight of the patrons. Another waitress cuts the buns and adds the condiments, and another ladles the loose meat onto the buns and wraps them in their signature wax paper. This show is an integral part of the dining experience for the canteen's new and seasoned customers. The price of a "Canteen" is just as modest today as it was during the Depression. A full meal with a piece of pie can still be obtained for less than $5. In 2000, the City of Ottumwa pursued the construction of a downtown parking ramp in the current location of the canteen. Upon offering to purchase the building, or paying for the building to be moved to another location, the owners and patrons alike insisted that it remain in place. Subsequently, in 2004 air rights were purchased above the canteen and a parking ramp was constructed overhead. The Canteen was the model for the Lanford Lunch Box restaurant opened by Roseanne Conner in the sitcom Roseanne. Barr was married to actor Tom Arnold, a native of Ottumwa, and they frequently visited Ottumwa during their marriage. On November 20, 2015, Scott and Janice Pierce became the new owners of the Canteen Lunch in the Alley.

text:
# Canteen Lunch in the Alley

41°01′05″N 92°24′43″W / 41.018091°N 92.411947°W / 41.018091; -92.411947 **Canteen Lunch in the Alley** is a restaurant located in Ottumwa, Iowa. The original five-stool Canteen Lunch was opened in 1927 in a different location, and moved to its current address in 1936. The “Canteen Lunch” was originally established in 1927. In 1936, the business relocated to its present location under the second street parking ramp in Ottumwa, Iowa. It has since been a local institution known for its loose-meat sandwiches (originally called "scrambled hamburgers" in Iowa) and homemade pies. The restaurant's design is a horseshoe-shaped counter-top surrounded by 16 stools. It remains an example of an early to mid-20th-century lunchroom. The Canteen Lunch reflects on this type of eating establishment that gained popularity in the 1920s and 1930s as social and economic challenges were felt by the Great Depression.

Lunchrooms like The Canteen were frequented by those who had a small budget for eating out, but still needed to have lunch. Places like The Canteen offered simple short-order food in an informal place to meet and socialize. They were typically frequented by male workers and were typically located near factories.

The Canteen Lunch remains in operation today. The canteen sandwich (or locally, “Canteen”) is a loose-meat sandwich resembling that of a “Maid-Rite” or “Sloppy Joe”; however, it is seasoned differently and served more similarly to a hamburger with condiments like pickles, ketchup and mustard. A cheese sauce can be added for a small additional charge.

The lunchroom itself is accessed through an alley and is sought out by native Ottumwans as a first order of business when returning home. The friendly atmosphere coupled with simple but tasty food draws natives and visitors alike.

The sandwich and operations are intriguing in design. Every day, the lunchroom prepares 100–150 lbs of ground beef. The grind is finer than standard store ground beef. Attempts to use a coarser grind were immediately noticed by the patrons and rejected in favor of the finer grind. The sandwich is served on an oversized custom-made hamburger bun that is cut and left hinged just prior to making the sandwich. The sandwich is placed in a custom wax paper wrapper that has a thicker than average wax coating for extra protection. A teaspoon is traditionally included with the sandwich to scoop out any remaining beef from the paper after finishing the sandwich.

The layout of the restaurant is just as essential to the lunchroom's success. The horseshoe-shaped counter wraps around the freestanding metal steamer. One waitress continually stirs the beef as it cooks in full sight of the patrons. Another waitress cuts the buns and adds the condiments, and another ladles the loose meat onto the buns and wraps them in their signature wax paper. This show is an integral part of the dining experience for the canteen's new and seasoned customers.

The price of a "Canteen" is just as modest today as it was during the Depression. A full meal with a piece of pie can still be obtained for less than $5.

In 2000, the City of Ottumwa pursued the construction of a downtown parking ramp in the current location of the canteen. Upon offering to purchase the building, or paying for the building to be moved to another location, the owners and patrons alike insisted that it remain in place. Subsequently, in 2004 air rights were purchased above the canteen and a parking ramp was constructed overhead.

The Canteen was the model for the Lanford Lunch Box restaurant opened by Roseanne Conner (played by Roseanne Barr) in the sitcom *Roseanne*. Barr was married to actor Tom Arnold, a native of Ottumwa, and they frequently visited Ottumwa during their marriage.

On November 20, 2015, Scott and Janice Pierce became the new owners of the Canteen Lunch in the Alley.

## InfoBox

| Canteen Lunch in the Alley | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Restaurant information | |
| Established | 1927 |
| Food type | Canteen lunch |
| Street address | 112 East 2nd Street |
| City | Ottumwa |
| State | Iowa |
| Country | United States |
| Seating capacity | 16 |


title: Scopula shiskensis

abstract: Scopula shiskensis is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found on Sakhalin.

text:
# Scopula shiskensis

***Scopula shiskensis*** is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found on Sakhalin.

## InfoBox

| *Scopula shiskensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Scopula* |
| Species: | ***S. shiskensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Scopula shiskensis***<br>(Matsumura, 1925) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Acidalia shiskensis* Matsumura, 1925 | |


title: Cotiujeni

abstract: Cotiujeni is a village in Briceni District, Moldova.

text:
# Cotiujeni

**Cotiujeni** is a village in Briceni District, Moldova.

## InfoBox

| Cotiujeni | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Cotiujeni | |
| Coordinates: 48°20′46″N 26°56′17″E / 48.34611°N 26.93806°E / 48.34611; 26.93806 | |
| Country | Moldova |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Mihail Ursu |
| Population (2014 census) | |
| Total | 3,406 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code | MD-4722 |


title: Scopula simplificata

abstract: Scopula simplificata is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in Ethiopia.

text:
# Scopula simplificata

***Scopula simplificata*** is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in Ethiopia.

## InfoBox

| *Scopula simplificata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Scopula* |
| Species: | ***S. simplificata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Scopula simplificata***<br>Prout, 1928 | |
|


title: Panaxia

abstract: Panaxia Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. is a global company headquartered in Israel, that develops, manufactures and markets medical cannabis-based products in pharmaceutical quality. The company has commercial activity in Germany, France, Cyprus and Malta. Panaxia is the controlling shareholder of Panaxia Labs Israel Ltd., which is traded on the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange. Panaxia is the first and only company in Israel to have been granted EU GMP standard from an EU Health Authority, which is required for commercial production and export of medical cannabis and medical cannabis products to Europe. Panaxia was founded in 2010, as the cannabis division of Segal Pharma Group, which manufactures different pharmaceutical products that are marketed worldwide. Panaxia USA manufactures medical cannabis-based products in North America intended for the treatment of various diseases. Panaxia employs over 150 people. Its manufacturing facility and offices are located in Lod, Israel.

text:
# Panaxia

**Panaxia Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.** is a global company headquartered in Israel, that develops, manufactures and markets medical cannabis-based products in pharmaceutical quality. The company has commercial activity in Germany, France, Cyprus and Malta.

**Panaxia** is the controlling shareholder of Panaxia Labs Israel Ltd., which is traded on the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange. Panaxia is the first and only company in Israel to have been granted EU GMP standard from an EU Health Authority, which is required for commercial production and export of medical cannabis and medical cannabis products to Europe.

Panaxia was founded in 2010, as the cannabis division of Segal Pharma Group, which manufactures different pharmaceutical products that are marketed worldwide. Panaxia USA (a subsidiary of Panaxia Israel) manufactures medical cannabis-based products in North America intended for the treatment of various diseases.

Panaxia employs over 150 people. Its manufacturing facility and offices are located in Lod, Israel.

## History

In 2010, Panaxia was founded as the cannabis division of the Segal Pharma Group, a group of private companies in the pharmaceutical and medical device spaces. Upon its establishment, the company began research and development in the field of medical cannabis.

In 2016, upon the government's announcement of the outline for medicalization of medical cannabis products, Panaxia Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. was founded by Dr. Dadi Segal, Dr. Eran Goldberg and Adv. Assi Rotbart as a separate company controlled by the Segal Group.

In 2018, Panaxia began cooperating with Rafa Laboratories, which was the first pharmaceutical company in Israel to enter the medical cannabis arena. As part of this partnership, Panaxia manufacturers cannabis oils for Rafa under the Axiban brand.

In 2018, Panaxia began distributing medical cannabis products to various pharmacies in Israel.

In November 2018, Panaxia was listed on the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange and signed a memorandum of understanding to merge its activity in Israel into the publicly traded company, Herodium Investments.

In July 2020, Panaxia signed a partnership agreement with the European pharmaceutical company, Neuraxpharm. Under the agreement, both companies will produce cannabis-based medicines and products for medical purposes and will market and distribute them in Germany.

In November 2020, Panaxia sent its first commercial shipment of medical cannabis products to Australia jointly with its partner, Seach Medical.

In December 2020, Panaxia sent its first commercial shipment to Germany, containing a series of medical cannabis products under its joint brand with European company Neuraxpharm, NAXIVA-PANAXOL.

In January 2021, Panaxia was selected as one of the four main winners in the French government tender for regulation of the medical cannabis industry along with cannabis titans Tilray and Aurora. It will provide patients in the program with oils and tablets under the NAXIVA-PANAXIR brand, together with its partner, European pharmaceutical company, Neuraxpharm.

In February 2021, Panaxia began initial retail sales of its products to patients in Germany and became the first Israeli company to sell its products on the cannabis market in Europe. Additionally, the company was selected by the government of Cyprus to provide medical cannabis products for patients in the country, which will be marketed under the PANAXIR brand.

## Research

* January 2019: Panaxia announced a trial for registration with the Israeli Ministry of Health, the first of its kind for the administration of sublingual medical cannabis tablets to evaluate their bioavailability and safety of use. Panaxia's medical cannabis products, which are marketed by the pharmaceutical company, Rafa, are being evaluated in a clinical study and their registration following the trial will herald a revolution for treatment with medical cannabis. The tremendous inherent potential of sublingual tablets is primarily for patients who suffer from chronic/persistent pain.
* February 2019: Panaxia announced a clinical trial for registration purposes with the Ministry of Health to evaluate the bioavailability of administration of medical cannabis through a metered-dose inhaler. The inhaler is made of a vaporizer to which the patient adds the measured cannabis extract for inhalation. The cannabis extract contains a precise dose of the active ingredients, the concentration of which does not depend on the actual inflorescence, but rather is precise thanks to the pharmaceutical production process. The use of the extract ensures a more precise and reproducible intake than smoking.
* December 2019: Panaxia reports excellent results in its clinical trial of the leading products, which prove efficacy of absorption in the blood and safety of tablets, suppositories, and inhaled cannabis extract. Additionally, data indicate that Panaxia's sublingual tablets have a higher absorption rate and lower variance than Sativex, the industry's gold standard.

## Subsidiaries

### Panaxia Israel

In 2017, Panaxia Pharmaceutical Industries Israel was founded along with the company's first facility for the production of medical cannabis in Lod.

In June 2020, Panaxia Israel was officially awarded EU GMP certification and became the first medical cannabis company in Israel to be EU GMP-certified. This certification is required for the manufacture, export and marketing of medicines within the European Union.

### Panaxia USA

Panaxia USA was founded in 2016. The company established the first pharmaceutical cannabis facility in the United States, in Bernalillo County, New Mexico. The facility is used for the production of smokeless medicines and medicinal preparations. Ultra Health, New Mexico's largest and leading medical cannabis distributor, markets and distributes the medicines and preparations produced at the facility.

## InfoBox

Panaxia
| Founded | 2010 |
| --- | --- |
| Founder | Dadi Segal, Assi Rotbart, Eran Goldberg |
| Headquarters | Lod, Israel |
| Key people | Dadi Segal (CEO) |
| Products | Medical cannabis |
| Number of employees | 150+ |
| Subsidiaries | * Panaxia Israel * Panaxia USA |
| Website | panaxia.co.il |


title: The Kiss on the Cruise

abstract: The Kiss on the Cruise is a 1950 Swedish comedy film directed by Arne Mattsson and starring Annalisa Ericson, Gunnar Björnstrand and Karl-Arne Holmsten. The film's sets were designed by the art director Nils Svenwall. It was shot at the Råsunda Studios in Stockholm with location shooting in London, Lisbon, Madeira and Morocco.

text:
# The Kiss on the Cruise

***The Kiss on the Cruise*** (Swedish: ***Kyssen på kryssen***) is a 1950 Swedish comedy film directed by Arne Mattsson and starring Annalisa Ericson, Gunnar Björnstrand and Karl-Arne Holmsten. The film's sets were designed by the art director Nils Svenwall. It was shot at the Råsunda Studios in Stockholm with location shooting in London, Lisbon, Madeira and Morocco.

## Synopsis

Lasse Brenner, a celebrated film director known for his realist dramas is offered a contract to take over a film backed by a wealthy manufacturer. Set on a cruise ship, he sees this as a chance of a holiday in which he can bring his wife Sonja, a famous star along. The only stipulation is that the manufacturer's daughter Lisa Yhlén, an aspiring actress, must appear in the film. Sonja takes a dislike to Lisa, who is almost identical to her. The protagonists all head to London where they join the ship heading out to the Mediterranean. A series of mistaken identities ensues.

## Cast

1. Gustafsson p.148
2. Qvist & Von Bagh p.148

## Bibliography

* Gustafsson, Fredrik (2016). *The Man from the Third Row: Hasse Ekman, Swedish Cinema and the Long Shadow of Ingmar Bergman*. Berghahn Books. ISBN 9781785332500. OCLC 965476172.
* Qvist, Per Olov; von Bagh, Peter (2000). *Guide to the Cinema of Sweden and Finland*. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313303777. OCLC 40632681.

## InfoBox

| The Kiss on the Cruise | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Arne Mattsson |
| Written by | Hasse Ekman
Arne Mattsson |
| Produced by | Allan Ekelund |
| Starring | Annalisa Ericson
Gunnar Björnstrand
Karl-Arne Holmsten |
| Cinematography | Åke Dahlqvist |
| Edited by | Lennart Wallén |
| Music by | Julius Jacobsen |
| Production
company | Svensk Filmindustri |
| Distributed by | Svensk Filmindustri |
| Release date | * 16 December 1950 (1950-12-16) |
| Running time | 100 minutes |
| Country | Sweden |
| Language | Swedish |


title: Fall Creek Meeting House

abstract: The Fall Creek Meeting House is a historic Quaker meeting house located approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Pendleton, Indiana, United States, on State Road 38 in Fall Creek Township, Madison County, Indiana.

text:
# Fall Creek Meeting House

**The Fall Creek Meeting House** is a historic Quaker meeting house located approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Pendleton, Indiana, United States, on State Road 38 in Fall Creek Township, Madison County, Indiana.

## History

In 1834, Enos Adamson deeded 3 acres (12,000 m2) east of Pendleton to the Society of Friends. Adamson was paid $15 for the land. In 1836 the congregation built a log house for worship on the ground. In 1857, a frame meeting house was constructed at a cost of $800. The meeting house is representative of the rural meeting houses of the period. The building is still maintained and a pioneer cemetery adjoins the meeting house.

It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Fall Creek Meeting House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Nearest city | State Road 38 southeast of Pendleton, approximately 1.5 miles southeast of its junction with U.S. Route 36, Fall Creek Township, Madison County, Indiana |
| Coordinates | 39°59′35″N 85°42′23″W / 39.99306°N 85.70639°W / 39.99306; -85.70639 |
| Area | 1.8 acres (0.73 ha) |
| Built | 1857 |
| NRHP reference No. | 96001544 |
| Added to NRHP | January 2, 1997 |


title: Fatemeh Hashemi

abstract: Fatemeh Hashemi is an Iranian television actress.

text:
# Fatemeh Hashemi

**Fatemeh Hashemi** (born 1969) is an Iranian television actress.

## Career

Fatemeh Hashemi is an Iranian actress. She born in Iran, Anzali port & completed her primary education. She generally plays and acts in the genre of comedy on Iran television and appeared in movies & different television series like as *Parvaz 57*, *Sa'ate khosh*, *Harf to Harf*, *Az khastegari ta Ezdevaj*, *Shabhaye Barareh*, *Ghahve-ye Talkh,* Shoukhi Kardam*.*

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title | Director | Character |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1994 | *Parvaz 57* | Mehran Modiri |  |
| 1995 | *Sa'ate Khosh (Happy Hour)* | Mehran Modiri |  |
| 1996 | *Sun Flowers* | Masoud Shahmohammadi |  |
| 1995 | *39* | Dariush Kardan |  |
| 2000 | *Az khastegari ta Ezdevaj* |  |  |
| 20052006 | *Shabhaye Barareh* | Mehran Modiri | Shakhe Shemshad |
| 2007 | *Dobare Zendegi* | Nader Moghadas | Shokat |
|
| 2010 | *Ghahve-ye Talkh* | Mehran Modiri | Hamdam |
|
| 1996 | *Sun Flowers* | Masoud Shahmohammadi |  |
| 2002 | *Atiyeh* | Arjang Amirfazli |  |
| 2003 | *Afsaneye Share Hert* | Saeed Chari |  |
|
| 2013 | *Colonel Garden* | Flora Sam | Azam |
|
| 2013 | *Shoukhi Kardam* | Mehran Modiri |  |
| 2011 | *Khabam Miad* | Reza Attaran |  |
|
| 2014 | *Dar Hashiye* | Mehran Modiri |  |
| 2015 | *Shahre Gomshode* | Shahab Abbasi |  |
| 2017 | Tatilate Royaee | Alireza Amini |  |
| 2018 | Confidential | Moslem Tehrani |  |
| 2019 | Chay Net | Arash Teymour nezhad |  |
| 2019 | Shapaloutka | Hossein Ghenaat |  |
|

* 'با مردم ناکجاآبادی بنام برره گفتگو با فاطمه هاشمی.\]
* *نگاهی به مجموعه جنجال برانگیز شبهای برره*\]، بی‌بی‌سی فارسی.
* *«شب‌های برره»، پاییز روی آنتن تلویزیون*\]، وب‌گاه ترفند.
* \- ۴۲k *نگاهی به مجموعه جنجال برانگیز شبهای برره*\]، بی‌بی‌سی فارسی.
* *ماهنامه سروش زنان*. شماره ۶۶: ۱۳۸۴

## InfoBox

| Fatemeh Hashemi | |
| --- | --- |
| فاطمه هاشمی | |
| Born | 1969 (age 5455)<br>Bandar Anzali, Iran |
| Occupation | Actress |


title: Faithless Hijabi

abstract: Faithless Hijabi is an association founded by Zara Kay in 2018 in Sydney, Australia. Faithless Hijabi is a storytelling platform that enables ex-Muslim and questioning Muslim women to share their stories of apostasy, doubt and freedom while also providing support to women ostracised or abused for leaving islam. While being a platform that creates safe spaces for women to express their dissent, Faithless Hijabi strives to take an active role in advocating for women's rights. FH is active on numerous social media in order to enable people to reach out for help. At present, the organisation primarily publishes stories and blogs in English, but has recently launched their Arabic social media pages. FH's mission is "Educate through stories," and "to empower an underrepresented group of women."

text:
# Faithless Hijabi

**Faithless Hijabi** is an association founded by Zara Kay in 2018 in Sydney, Australia. Faithless Hijabi is a storytelling platform that enables ex-Muslim and questioning Muslim women to share their stories of apostasy, doubt and freedom while also providing support to women ostracised or abused for leaving islam. While being a platform that creates safe spaces for women to express their dissent, Faithless Hijabi strives to take an active role in advocating for women's rights. FH is active on numerous social media in order to enable people to reach out for help. At present, the organisation primarily publishes stories and blogs in English, but has recently launched their Arabic social media pages. FH's mission is "Educate through stories," and "to empower an underrepresented group of women."

## Bibliography

* Kay, Z. (2021). The faithless Hijabi: Helping ex Muslim women be seen, heard, safe and free. *The Australian Humanist*, (142), 25–27. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.848284667661604

## InfoBox

Faithless Hijabi
| Founded | 2018 |
| --- | --- |
| Focus | Women's right and support to ex-muslims |
| Location |  |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Zara Kay, Johanna Saoirse Browne |
| Website | faithlesshijabi.org/ |


title: Exceptia

abstract: Exceptia is a genus of moths in the family Gelechiidae.

text:
# Exceptia

***Exceptia*** is a genus of moths in the family Gelechiidae.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Exceptia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Tribe: | Gnorimoschemini |
| Genus: | *Exceptia*<br>Povolný, 1967 |
|


title: Caerdydd (TV series)

abstract: Caerdydd is a Welsh language television programme set in Cardiff made by Fiction Factory for Welsh public service television station S4C. The series is "a stylish, new drama about modern, urban Welsh-speakers living in a bilingual city" following "a group of modern urban twenty- and thirtysomethings" with "their complex friendships and relationships [set] against a backdrop of relentless socialising". First commissioned by S4C's drama editor Angharad Jones in 2005, as part of a drive by S4C to reach a younger audience, the third series of Caerdydd started its run on S4C on 30 March 2008. A fourth series was commissioned and went into production in Spring 2008. It started broadcasting on 14 June 2009.

text:
# Caerdydd (TV series)

***Caerdydd*** is a Welsh language television programme set in Cardiff made by Fiction Factory for Welsh public service television station S4C. The series is "a stylish, new drama about modern, urban Welsh-speakers living in a bilingual city" following "a group of modern urban twenty- and thirtysomethings" with "their complex friendships and relationships \[set\] against a backdrop of relentless socialising". First commissioned by S4C's drama editor Angharad Jones in 2005, as part of a drive by S4C to reach a younger audience, the third series of *Caerdydd* started its run on S4C on 30 March 2008. A fourth series was commissioned and went into production in Spring 2008. It started broadcasting on 14 June 2009.

## Awards and nominations

*Caerdydd* (2nd series) has received three nominations for the *2008 Bafta Cymru* awards: Best Screenwriter for Ed Talfan, Best Design for Hayden Pearce and Best Director of Photography (Drama) for Richard Wyn. The second series was also nominated at the *Celtic Media Festival* 2008 for best drama series.

The third series has been nominated for Best Drama Series at the *2009 Bafta Cymru* awards; Roger Wiliams as Best Screenwriter, and Ryland Teifi as Best Actor.

## Criticism

Criticism of the series focuses mainly on three topics:

* the series was originally set in Dublin and only transferred to Cardiff when commissioned by S4C.
* the large amount of English spoken, not just as some characters are non-Welsh speakers, but also English words in Welsh dialogue.
* explicit sex scenes of both a heterosexual and homosexual nature.

## "Sex In The Assembly" controversy

A row started after the broadcast of episode three in series III as it emerged that a sex scene was actually filmed *on location* in a toilet room of the Senedd, the Welsh National Assembly building, and not in a television studio. Officials of the National Assembly for Wales Commission who approved the filming for the Neuadd area, the corridors of the building and for one scene in the baby-changing room, were not made aware of the nature of the scene. The scene itself, filmed on 14 March 2008, involves Lea Kennedy (played by Alys Thomas) who is working for an unnamed party group and her much older boyfriend Stephen James (Dewi Rhys Williams) having sexual intercourse. As a result, S4C announced that it was investigating the matter and had contacted producers. One AM, William Graham (Conservative) called for scripts to be vetted more closely in the future.

S4C's investigation came to this conclusion: *S4C has looked into the circumstances surrounding the filming of drama series Caerdydd at the Senedd and is satisfied that the production company followed the correct procedures. We are confident that Senedd personnel who dealt with this issue were not misled.*

The National Assembly's investigation came to this conclusion: *The National Assembly has carried out a full internal review of the circumstances of the filming of Caerdydd. We can confirm that at no stage of the negotiations about the use of the building for filming, or during the filming itself, was the content of the scene disclosed by the programme makers. Despite this setback, the Assembly is committed to being open and accessible to all, including programme makers, and we sincerely hope that this does not prevent us from working with responsible companies in future.*

## Characters and cast

* Peter Marshall (Ryland Teifi)
* Emyr Tomos (Lee Haven-Jones)
* Osian James (Gareth Pierce)
* Lea Kennedy (Alys Thomas)
* Stephen James (Dewi Rhys Williams)
* Elen Aaron (Rhian Green)
* Mike Powell (Julian Lewis Jones)
* Kate Marshall Ford (Mali Harries)
* Robert Lewis (Bradley Freegard)
* Non Ellis Jones (Sue Roderick) III/2-8,10
* Natasha Jenkins (Ffion Williams) III/2-10, IV, V
* Jamie Roberts (Gareth Milton) IV-V (Dyfan Dwyfor) III/4-10
* Danny Ford (Huw Rhys) I, II
* Gareth Pritchard (Matthew Gravelle)
* Ceri Price (Siwan Morris) I, II, III/5-7,9,10
* Paul (Richard Shackley)
* Siân Edwards (Iola Hughes)
* Lleucu (Tara Bethan) II, III/1-3
* Damian Charles (Daniel Hope) I, II, III/1-3
* Mike Thomas (Jâms Thomas) III/2,3,6-9
* *Yr Arglwydd* (Lord) Delme Richards (Ian Saynor) III/2-4,7,9,10
* Ben (Jonathan Floyd) III/2-5
* Mared (Rhian Jones) III/3,4,6,7,9
* Rhys Johnstone (Rhodri Meilir) I, II
* Philip (Glyn Morgan) III/4,8,9
* Jane (Sharon Roberts) III/8,9
* Kylie Byrne (Jennie Crum) III/6,10
* Rhodri (Cellan Wyn Evans) III/9,10
* Sara Harris \[Lauren Phillips\] IV-V

Further cast: Catherine Ayers (Nia, I), Nathan Sussex, Sousila Pilay (II), Lillie Downie (Baby Ela Ford, III/4,6-10), Amelia Wyatt (Baby Ela Ford, III/3,4), Nick Ross (Gwilym, III/3), Lisa Zamira (III/3), Lee Bane (III/3), John Schumacher (III/3), Tomos James (III/3), Tyron Lopez (III/4), Gemma Prosser (III/4), Hazel Condon (III/4), Bethan Cecil (III/7), Charlote Grey (III/8), Poonah Najimohammadi (III/9), Rob Kendrick (actor) (III/9), Martin Glyn Murray (III/9), Elen Florence (I), Charmaine Hibberd (III/10), Kathryn Dimery (III/10), Megan Browne (Ela Ford), Ross O'Hennessy John Davies The Immigration Officer

## Production

* The series is produced for S4C by *Fiction Factory*, a division of *Tinopolis*.
* Directors: Ed Thomas (I, II, III/1-5), Dave "D.J." Evans (II, III/6-10), Ed Talfan (I, II)
* Writers: Tim Price, Ian Staples (var. II, III/2,9), Anwen Huws (III/3,7), Roger Williams (III/4,6,8,10), Catrin Clarke (III/5,6)
* Producers: Fizzy Oppè, Catrin Rees, Ed Thomas (III)
* Line producer: Maurice Hunter (III)
* Series 1 was filmed in the main from January to April 2005. Directors: Ed Thomas, Ed Talfan
* Series 2 was filmed in the main from February to July 2006. Directors: Ed Thomas, Ed Talfan, Dave Evans.
* Series 3 was filmed in the main from January to June 2007. Directors: Ed Thomas, Dave Evans
* Series 2 and 3 were produced in HD format.
* Series 4 has been commissioned and is currently in production.
* Episodes are available (with on-screen English subtitles) on S4C's website for streaming for 35 days after initial broadcast. The first series went online each Saturday following the initial TV broadcast, without any restrictions to availability.
* All episodes are fully subtitled, in Welsh and English. The Welsh subtitles are available for download.
* All episodes in series 3 feature audio description.

## Broadcasts

### Series 1

Broadcasts of Series 1 on S4C
| Episode | First | Repeated | Viewers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 11 January 2006 | 13 January 2006 |  |
| 2 | 18 January 2006 | 20 January 2006 |  |
| 3 | 25 January 2006 | 27 January 2006 |  |
| 4 | 3 February 2006 | 5 February 2006 |  |
| 5 | 10 February 2006 | 12 February 2006 |  |
| 6 | 17 February 2006 | 19 February 2006 |  |
| 7 | 24 February 2006 | 26 February 2006 |  |

### Series 2

Broadcasts of Series 2 on S4C
| Episode | First | Repeated | Viewers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 10 January 2007 | 12 January 2007 | 70,000 |
| 2 | 17 January 2007 | 19 January 2007 | 45,000 |
| 3 | 24 January 2007 | 26 January 2007 | 40,000 |
| 4 | 31 January 2007 | 2 February 2007 | \<30,000 |
| 5 | 7 February 2007 | 9 February 2007 | \<33,000 |
| 6 | 14 February 2007 | 16 February 2007, 18 February 2007 | 43,000 |
| 7 | 21 February 2007 | 23 February 2007, 25 February 2007 | \<35,000 |
| 8 | 28 February 2007 | 2 March 2007, 4 March 2007 | 43,000 |
| 9 | 7 March 2007 | 9 March 2007, 11 March 2007 | \<40,000 |
| 10 | 14 March 2007 | 16 March 2007 | \<36,000 |

The second series was repeated in February and March 2008.

### Series 3

Broadcasts of Series 3 on S4C
| Episode | First | Repeated | Viewers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 30 March 2008 | 3 April 2008 | 44,000 |
| 2 | 6 April 2008 | 10 April 2008 | 61,000 |
| 3 | 13 April 2008 | 17 April 2008 | 45,000 |
| 4 | 20 April 2008 | 24 April 2008 | 46,000 |
| 5 | 27 April 2008 | 1 May 2008 | 46,000 |
| 6 | 4 May 2008 | 8 May 2008 | 40,000 |
| 7 | 11 May 2008 | 15 May 2008 | 43,000 |
| 8 | 18 May 2008 | 22 May 2008 | 49,000 |
| 9 | 25 May 2008 | 29 May 2008 | 59,000 |
| 10 | 1 June 2008 | 5 June 2008 | 49,000 |

### Series 4

Broadcasts of Series 4 on S4C
| Episode | First | Repeated | Viewers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 14 June 2009 |  | \<32,000 |
| 2 | 21 June 2009 |  | 32,000 |
| 3 | 28 June 2009 |  | 38,000 |
| 4 | 5 July 2009 |  | \<30,000 |
| 5 | 12 July 2009 |  | \<35,000 |
| 6 | 19 July 2009 |  | \<38,000 |
| 7 | 26 July 2009 |  | \<38,000 |
| 8 | 2 August 2009 |  | 38,000 |
| 9 | 9 August 2009 |  | 36,000 |
| 10 | 16 August 2009 |  | \<36,000 |

## InfoBox

| *Caerdydd* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Created by | Fiction Factory |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom
(Wales) |
| Original language | Welsh |
| No. of seasons | 5 |
| Production | |
| Producers | Fizzy Oppè, Catrin Rees, Ed Thomas |
| Running time | 47 minutes (III) |
| Original release | |
| Network | S4C |
| Release | 2006 (2006)
2010 (2010) |


title: Joseph Coolidge

abstract: Joseph Coolidge (1798–1879), who married Thomas Jefferson's granddaughter Ellen Wayles Randolph, was a partner of several trading companies, working most of his career overseas in the opium, silk, porcelain, and tea trades. He watched over his mother-in-law Martha Jefferson Randolph's interests and provided a home for her temporarily after Thomas Jefferson's death.

text:
# Joseph Coolidge

**Joseph Coolidge** (1798–1879), who married Thomas Jefferson's granddaughter Ellen Wayles Randolph, was a partner of several trading companies, working most of his career overseas in the opium, silk, porcelain, and tea trades. He watched over his mother-in-law Martha Jefferson Randolph's interests and provided a home for her temporarily after Thomas Jefferson's death.

## Early life

Born October 30, 1798, Joseph Coolidge was the son of Joseph and Elizabeth Bulfinch Coolidge. He is the third Joseph Coolidge representing the old Boston family. The family estate, now known as Coolidge House, was located at Bowdoin Square in the fashionable part of Boston. In 1817, Coolidge graduated from Harvard College, along with classmates George Bancroft, Caleb Cushing, and Samuel A. Eliot. After graduation, he began a Grand Tour of Europe. He received his master's degree through an International Baccalaureate program in 1820. He was a friend of Lord Byron, who mentioned Coolidge in his journal in 1821. Coolidge returned to America in 1824.

## Marriage and children

In early 1824, a letter was sent to Thomas Jefferson from George Ticknor, introducing Cooldige to Governor Thomas Mann Randolph, Martha Jefferson Randolph and their family. Coolidge visited Monticello in the spring of that year for two weeks, during which he met Ellen Wayles Randolph. They were married on May 27, 1825, at Monticello. After their honeymoon, they lived with Coolidge's parents at Bowdoin Square. They had two daughters and four sons:

* Ellen Randolph (1826–1894), who married Edmund Dwight
* Elizabeth Bulfinch (1827–1832)
* Joseph Randolph (1828–1925), who married Julia Gardner
* Algernon Sidney (1830–1912), a twin, who married Mary Lowell
* Philip Sidney (1830–1863), a twin, died during Civil War
* Thomas Jefferson (1831–1863), who married Hetty Sullivan Applegate

### Jefferson family

After Thomas Jefferson died, and it was clear that Monticello would be sold, Coolidge's mother-in-law Martha Jefferson Randolph moved in with Joseph and Ellen Randolph Coolidge temporarily. Martha's youngest child, George Wythe Randolph, came with her to Boston. George remained with the Coolidges after Martha returned to Virginia in June 1827.

In January 1827, or earlier, Coolidge had recommended that Jefferson's manuscripts should be published with Jared Sparks' assistance. Coolidge "detested" his father-in-law Tom Randolph, and urged his mother-in-law not to reunite with him.

His wife Ellen began an extended visit to London in 1838. While Coolidge headed the Augustine Heard and Company in Canton, Ellen lived for two years in Macao. Women were unable to live in Canton.

The Coolidges left China in 1844 for Switzerland where their sons attended a boarding school. One of the daughters lived in Boston; the other had died. The Coolidges lived in Europe for several years and then returned to Boston.

## Career

Coolidge worked at three trading companies that operated in Asia, during which he made a fortune. He traded in opium, porcelain, silk, and tea in the 1830s and 1840s.

After starting his career as a clerk, by 1834 he had become a working partner with Russell & Company, which was "probably the most important American seller" of Indian opium. About 1833, Coolidge was sent to Bombay and then Calcutta to increase the number of suppliers of opium. By the 1830s, Russell & Company had nearly all of the American trade in Chinese opium, but by 1833 lost its lead due to mismanagement. Coolidge was later removed from the organization due to a conflict with another partner, John Cleve Green.

In 1839, Coolidge became an agent for the British firm Jardine, Matheson & Company in Canton. The following year, he was a co-founder of Augustine Heard & Company and was a resident partner. Augustine Heard & Company was an agent for Jardine, Matheson & Company. During the First Opium War, from 1839 to 1842, British merchants were banned from trading in China. Coolidge made profitable opium trades on behalf of the British during the war. Coolidge was overwhelmed with the influx of new business and asked Augustine Heard to sail to China to help manage the significant growth. Canton was attacked by the Chinese on May 21, 1841 with cannons and fireboats. Most Western merchants quickly fled the city, but Coolidge was working late. Picked up near the factory, he was believed to be a British businessman and was captured by a mob of angry Chinese. He spent two days in a Chinese prison and was saved by factory workers who declared that he was not British, but an American man. The factory was destroyed and Coolidge filed an excessively high claim for punitive and compensatory damages. Coolidge left the firm in spring 1844, following a disagreement with co-partner George Dixwell.

## Death

His wife Ellen died April 30, 1879. Coolidge died on December 14, 1879, at his residence in Boston, Massachusetts.

1. Waters, Henry F. (Henry Fritz-Gilbert) (1847). *The New England Historical & Genealogical Register*. Boston : New England Historic Genealogical Society. pp. 299–302.
2. "Joseph Coolidge". *Monticello*. Retrieved 2023-01-11.
3. "Obituary: Joseph Coolidge". *Boston Post*. December 16, 1879. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-01-11.
4. Coolidge, Thomas Jefferson (1923). *The Autobiography of T. Jefferson Coolidge, 1831-1920*. Houghton Mifflin. pp. 3–4.
5. Kierner 2012, p. 212.
6. Shackelford, George Green (1988). *George Wythe Randolph and the Confederate elite*. Athens : University of Georgia Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-8203-0998-9.
7. Kierner 2012, p. 213.
8. Kierner 2012, pp. 223, 228.
9. Downs, Jacques M. (1968). "American Merchants and the China Opium Trade, 1800-1840". *The Business History Review*. **42** (4): 435–437. doi:10.2307/3112527. ISSN 0007-6805. JSTOR 3112527. S2CID 153582226.
10. Dierksheide, Christa, Historian at Monticello (January 4, 2017). ""Jefferson and His Legacies": History Colloquium at Missouri". *Jack Miller Center*. Retrieved 2023-01-12.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
11. Layton 1997, p. 29.
12. "Jardine Matheson Archive - Scope and contents". *archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk*. Retrieved 2023-01-12.
13. Layton 1997, p. 30.
14. Layton 1997, pp. 30, 34.
15. Layton 1997, pp. 34–35.
16. Layton 1997, p. 39.

## Sources

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Joseph Coolidge | |
| --- | --- |
| Levitsky, *Joseph Coolidge*, ca. 1860, Paris | |
| Born | (1798-10-30)October 30, 1798 |
| Died | December 14, 1879(1879-12-14) (aged 81)<br>Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Occupation | International trader |
| Spouse | Ellen Randolph Coolidge |
| Children | T. Jefferson Coolidge and five others |


title: Farice

abstract: Farice is a telecommunications service provider operating in Iceland. The company offers Internet transit, MPLS VPN, DWDM and SDH services and offers only international connectivity. The company operates mainly as a carrier for service providers, data center customers and data center service providers. Farice was founded in November 2002 and is the main provider of International connectivity in and out of Iceland. Farice is owned by the Arion Bank, Landsvirkjun the national power company of Iceland and the Icelandic state. The company also serves the Faroe Islands with international capacity and extends the Greenland Connect submarine cable for Tele Greenland to Europe. Farice ehf owns two submarine cables, named DANICE and FARICE-1 and has points-of-presence in Reykjavik, Hafnarfjörður and Keflavík Airport in Iceland and abroad in the following main places: Telecity II Amsterdam, Telehouse East & West London, Interxion Copenhagen and Klingran Torshavn. The submarine capacity available is a multiple of terabits per second.

text:
# Farice

**Farice** is a telecommunications service provider operating in Iceland. The company offers Internet transit, MPLS VPN, DWDM and SDH services and offers only international connectivity. The company operates mainly as a carrier for service providers, data center customers and data center service providers.

Farice was founded in November 2002 and is the main provider of International connectivity in and out of Iceland. Farice is owned by the Arion Bank, Landsvirkjun the national power company of Iceland and the Icelandic state. The company also serves the Faroe Islands with international capacity and extends the Greenland Connect submarine cable for Tele Greenland to Europe.

Farice ehf owns two submarine cables, named DANICE and FARICE-1 and has points-of-presence in Reykjavik, Hafnarfjörður and Keflavík Airport in Iceland and abroad in the following main places: Telecity II Amsterdam, Telehouse East & West London, Interxion Copenhagen and Klingran Torshavn.

The submarine capacity available is a multiple of terabits per second.

1. "Company History | Farice". *www.farice.is*. Retrieved 2016-03-04.
2. PFS - Skráð fyrirtæki, Retrieved 26. February 2013.
3. "Service Access Points | Farice". *www.farice.is*. Retrieved 2016-03-04.
4. "Network map and a logical network distance diagram - Network Maps - Network - Farice". *Farice*. Archived from the original on 2016-03-07. Retrieved 2016-03-03.

## InfoBox

Farice ehf
|
|  |
| Company type | Public–private partnership |
| Industry | Telecommunications |
| Founded | Reykjavik, Iceland (November 2002 (2002-11)) |
| Headquarters | Reykjavik, Iceland |
| Area served | Iceland |
| Services | Internet service provider |
| Website | farice.is |


title: Faricimab

abstract: Faricimab, sold under the brand name Vabysmo, is a monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME). Faricimab is the first bispecific monoclonal antibody to target both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2). By targeting these pathways, faricimab stabilizes blood vessels in the retina. It is given by intravitreal injection by an ophthalmologist. Faricimab was developed by Roche in Penzberg. Faricimab was approved for medical use in the United States in January 2022, and in the European Union in September 2022.

text:
# Faricimab

**Faricimab**, sold under the brand name **Vabysmo**, is a monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME). Faricimab is the first bispecific monoclonal antibody to target both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2). By targeting these pathways, faricimab stabilizes blood vessels in the retina. It is given by intravitreal injection (injection into the eye) by an ophthalmologist.

Faricimab was developed by Roche in Penzberg (Roche Innovation Center Munich). Faricimab was approved for medical use in the United States in January 2022, and in the European Union in September 2022.

## Medical uses

Faricimab is indicated for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME).

## Adverse effects

The most common adverse reaction reported in people receiving faricimab include conjunctival bleeding.

### Contraindications

Contraindications to injection of faricimab include active infection in or around the eye, active inflammation in the eye (uveitis), and prior allergic reactions to receiving the drug (hypersensitivity).

### Special populations

#### Pregnancy

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of faricimab administration in pregnant women.

#### Breast feeding

There is no information regarding faricimab accumulation in breast milk, the effects of the drug on the breastfed infant, or the effects of the drug on milk production. However, the drug company states that many drugs are transferred in human milk with the potential for absorption and adverse reactions in the breastfed child.

#### Fertility

No studies on the effects of faricimab on human fertility have been conducted and it is not known whether faricimab can affect reproduction. Based on its mechanism of action, treatment with may pose a risk to reproductive capacity.

## Pharmacology

Faricimab is a 150kDa-sized bispecific antibody whose molecular structure allows a high affinity bond to both vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and Angiopoietin (Ang-2). By blocking the action of these two growth factors, faricimab decreases migration and replication of endothelial cells allowing for stabilization of vascular structures, thereby decreasing vascular leakage. Faricimab has shown improved and sustained efficacy in comparison to agents that only target the VEGF pathway.

## History

In 2016, pre-clinical studies looking at the mechanism of action behind faricimab showed that by blocking Ang-2, one of the drug's targets, there was decreased endothelial barrier breakdown in blood vessels. In 2017, phase I studies in neovascular age related macular degeneration (nAMD) showed that the drug was safe to use in people and well tolerated.

## Society and culture

On 21 July 2022, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Vabysmo, intended for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular oedema (DME). The applicant for this medicinal product is Roche Registration GmbH. Faricimab was approved for medical use in the European Union in September 2022.

### Names

Faricimab is the International Nonproprietary Name (INN). Faricimab was formerly named RG7716.

## Research

Two phase II trials evaluated faricimab's efficacy and safety in comparison to ranibizumab and showed that faricimab received every 16 weeks and every twelve weeks was comparable to ranibizumab received every four weeks in visual acuity and imaging outcomes. In 2019, two phase III multi-center randomized studies TENAYA and LUCERNE were initiated on 1,200 participants with neovascular age related macular degeneration (nAMD) to evaluate faricimab's safety, efficacy, and durability against aflibercept. Both studies reached its primary endpoints and showed that faricimab given at up to every 16 weeks was non-inferior to aflibercept administered every 8 weeks. Faricimab demonstrated its potential to extend the time between intravitreal injections in nAMD patients.

### Diabetic macular edema

One phase II trial evaluated faricimab's efficacy and safety in comparison to ranibizumab and showed clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvements in visual acuity. Two phase III multi-center randomized studies were completed on 1,891 diabetic participants with diabetic macular edema (DME).

### Branch and central retinal vein occlusion macular edema

In two phase III trials, faricimab met the primary endpoint of non-inferior visual acuity gains when compared with aflibercept in 553 participants with macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in the BALATON and COMINO studies.

* Clinical trial number *NCT03622580* for "A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Faricimab (RO6867461) in Participants With Diabetic Macular Edema (YOSEMITE)" at ClinicalTrials.gov
* Clinical trial number *NCT03622593* for "A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Faricimab (RO6867461) in Participants With Diabetic Macular Edema (RHINE)" at ClinicalTrials.gov
* Clinical trial number *NCT03823287* for "A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Faricimab in Participants With Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (TENAYA)" at ClinicalTrials.gov
* Clinical trial number *NCT03823300* for "A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Faricimab in Participants With Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (LUCERNE)" at ClinicalTrials.gov

## InfoBox

Faricimab
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Monoclonal antibody | |
| Type | Whole antibody |
| Source | Humanized |
| Target | VEGF-A, angiopoietin 2 |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Vabysmo |
| Other names | RO6867461; RG7716; faricimab-svoa |
| License data |  |
| Pregnancy
category |  |
| Routes of
administration | Intravitreal |
| ATC code |  |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |  |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| DrugBank |  |
| UNII |  |
| KEGG |  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C6506H9968N1724O1026S45 |
| Molar mass | 130197.05 g·mol−1 |


title: Feast or Famine (Chuck Ragan album)

abstract: Feast or Famine is the debut studio album by Chuck Ragan. It was recorded in 2007 at Mad Dog Studios in Burbank, California. It was produced by Ted Hutt, engineered by Ryan Mall and mixed by both Hutt and Mall.

text:
# Feast or Famine (Chuck Ragan album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Feast or Famine*** is the debut studio album by Chuck Ragan. It was recorded in 2007 at Mad Dog Studios in Burbank, California. It was produced by Ted Hutt, engineered by Ryan Mall and mixed by both Hutt and Mall.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The Boat" | 3:20 |
| 2. | "For Broken Ears" | 3:43 |
| 3. | "California Burritos" | 2:44 |
| 4. | "Geraldine" | 4:04 |
| 5. | "It's What You Will" | 2:58 |
| 6. | "Do You Pray" | 3:04 |
| 7. | "Don't Cry" | 2:37 |
| 8. | "Symmetry" | 3:35 |
| 9. | "Between the Lines" | 2:59 |
| 10. | "Hearts of Stone" | 3:10 |
| 11. | "The Grove" | 2:52 |
| 12. | "Do What You Do" (The last seven minutes of the track are the sounds of ocean waves crashing on the beach.) | 10:42 |

1. Greene, Jo-Ann. "Feast or Famine - Chuck Ragan: Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards : AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 29 April 2014.
2. "Chuck Ragan - Feast or Famine". Noidearecords.com. 2007-08-07. Archived from the original on 2012-02-07. Retrieved 2012-05-14.

## InfoBox

| Feast or Famine | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Chuck Ragan | |
| Released | August 7, 2007 |
| Recorded | 2007 at Mad Dog Studios |
| Length | 45:48 |
| Label | SideOneDummy / No Idea Records |
| Producer | Ted Hutt, Ryan Mall |
| Chuck Ragan chronology | |
| ***Feast or Famine***
(2007) *Gold Country*
(2009) | |


title: Farrowia

abstract: Farrowia is a genus of fungi within the Chaetomiaceae family.

text:
# Farrowia

***Farrowia*** is a genus of fungi within the Chaetomiaceae family.

## Taxonomy

In 1975, Hawksworth suggested a novel genus for *F. seminuda*, *F. longicola*, and *F. malaysiensis*. These species were distinguished from other *Chaetomium* species by their long-necked ascomata and production of anamorphs similar to *Botryotrichum*. However, this categorization has been controversial since its inception. In 2001, a molecular phylogenetic study using rRNA sequence data did not support the separation of *Farrowia* and *Chaetomium*.

Widden, in 1986, suggested that *Farrowia seminuda* and *Botryotrichum piluliferum* are the teleomorph and anamorph of the same organism based on their preference for coniferous soils and visual indistinguishability.

## Description

Perithecia are subglobose (imperfectly spherical), with straight, unbranched lateral and terminal hairs. The terminal hairs fuse to form a neck-like structure, potentially rudimentary. Pedestal-like rhizoidal bases are usually present. *Farrowia* forms asci which are clavate (club-shaped) and deliquesce before ascospores mature. The ascospores are lemoniform (lemon-shaped), biapiculate, and are not ornamented. *F. malaysiensiensis* is reported having a longer neck than the other two species in this genus.

In media cultures, reddish brown pigments are produced only in the presence of contaminants.

## Ecology

Species are widespread across tropical and temperate areas. It is most commonly found in soil, although *F. longicola* has been found in leaf litter and freshwater.

## Chemistry and Research

Novel interleukin inhibitors were isolated from *Farrowia* broths in 2003. These compounds were named EI-1941-1 and EI-1941-2. The enzymes they specifically inhibit are elastase and cathepsin B. EI-1941-2 is degraded by the presence of cysteine, but EI-1941-1 is not. Further study of these ICE inhibitors could lead to new synthetic anti-inflammatory agents.

## InfoBox

| *Farrowia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Subdivision: | Pezizomycotina |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes |
| Order: | Sordariales |
| Family: | Chaetomiaceae |
| Genus: | ***Farrowia***<br>D. Hawksw. |
|