title: Christian video game

abstract: Christian video games are a video game genre and a form of Christian media that focus on the narrative and themes of Christian morals and Christianity. The term can also refer to Christian symbolism, mythology, media franchises, and Christian media organizations within video game culture and industry.

text:
# Christian video game

**Christian video games** are a video game genre and a form of Christian media that focus on the narrative and themes of Christian morals and Christianity. The term can also refer to Christian symbolism, mythology, media franchises, and Christian media organizations within video game culture and industry.

## Game design

These games usually emphasize the teachings of the ministry of Jesus, or retell Bible stories such as *Noah's Ark* or the life of Jesus. While Christian video games are considered a genre, they usually intersect with other genres, such as early computer title *Bible Computer Games* which is an educational game, action-adventure games *Spiritual Warfare* and *Super 3D Noah's Ark*, the *Guitar Praise* series of rhythm games, or the simulation video game *I am Jesus Christ*. They are usually developed to appeal to Christian audiences.

Many of the earliest Christian video games were written by the company BibleBytes in 1982 for the TRS-80 Color Computer. That year, the company released eleven games for the computer, including such titles as *Manna from Heaven*, *Moses' Rod*, and *Noah's Ark*. These games were compiled together and released under the name *Bible Computer Games*. Several Christian-themed computer programming books, based on the original BibleBytes *Bible Computer Games* source code, were written by John and Joyce Conrod in 1984. The Conrods were the primary authors of the first two books while their son, Phil Conrod, was one of the original game developers and served as technical editor. The first BASIC programming book, "Computer Bible Games", included the BASIC source code for the Timex/Sinclair, Radio Shack TRS-80 Color Computer, and TI-99/4A. The book included tips for adapting the programs for the Apple II, Atari 8-bit computers, VIC-20, Commodore 64, and TRS-80 Since then, PC Enterprises and BibleByte Books has published several "Computer Bible Games" programming books for Microsoft Small Basic, Visual Basic, Visual C# and Java. Another Christian video game pioneer was Bernard K. Bangley, who wrote *Bible BASIC: Bible Games for Personal Computers* with his son, David Bangley. *Bible BASIC* was published by Harper & Row in December, 1983. His book included type-in BASIC programs to create Bible games. All of these Bible themed programming books were designed for Christian schools.

The annual Christian Game Developers Conference (CGDC) was started in 2001 by Tim Emmerich, founder of the small independent studio GraceWorks Interactive. The conference has been described as a place for Christian game developers to gather, make deals with other Christian developers, and gain encouragement from developers with a shared faith.

Game Developer, affiliated with the Game Developers Conference, featured an article by Greg Campbell titled "How to Handle Christianity in Video Games" in 2018. The article covered historical depictions of Christianity in video games, and suggested how developers can incorporate Christianity into their Christian game design.

## Production

While other Christian media formats such as music, literature, and film have big budget record labels, publishers, and blockbusters, the Christian video game industry has primarily been led by indie games and is generally devoid of AAA developers. This has led to criticism related to quality control concerns.

Many major publishers and studios are highly diversified, with brands under their moniker with both Christian media and video game culture. This would include mass media Warner Bros. Discovery which owns Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, Rooster Teeth and distributes the independent record label Word Entertainment, major media conglomerates like NBCUniversal which is parent company of both Big Idea Entertainment and G4 Media. While companies like G4 are not Christian media outlets, NBCUniversal operates both *VeggieTales* Christian studio Big Idea Entertainment and G4 Media, formerly the G4 TV network, as in-name only production units. Similarly Warner Bros. Discovery operates their interactive and Rooster Teeth studios separately from the distribution of Word Entertainment.

## History

### 1980s–1990s

Some of the early Christian video games are sought after by computer museums, particularly video game museums and private video game collections. This is due to them being distributed in small numbers at hobbyist conventions or at Christian bookstores and magazines, instead of high-volume video game retailers. One such example is the 1983 Atari 2600 game *Red Sea Crossing*, of which only two copies are known to have appeared on the resale market, one of which sold for over $10,000 in 2013. Another such Atari 2600 game was the 1982 *The Music Machine*, which sold for over $5,000 in 2017.

The 1980s also saw the earliest video game adaptions of Narnia, in the form of *Adventures in Narnia* and *Adventures in Narnia: Dawn Treader*. None of these games released on the NES, probably due to Nintendo of America's strict guidelines against religious content at the time. Nintendo of America's corporate stance at the time was that religious symbolism was forbidden. Nevertheless, even officially developed Nintendo of Japan products sometimes featured Christian symbols; for example, *The Legend of Zelda* featured a Christian cross on Link's shield. One of the first NES games to use overt Christian symbolism was *Castlevania*, a game which followed a Christian vampire hunter named Simon Belmont who carried weaponry such as holy water, crosses that function as boomerangs, and a blue rosary which cleared all on-screen enemies. Konami released a game based on Noah's Ark in Japan and Europe, but was never released in the United States, due to the aforementioned reluctance of Nintendo of America towards religious content. Nintendo of America's viewpoint on religious content at the time has been criticized, it even caused the censorship and modification of small-scale Christian iconography including 1989's *DuckTales* and *Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse*. Starting in the late 1980s, the unlicensed game developer Wisdom Tree developed a number of specifically Christian video games for the NES, such as *Spiritual Warfare*. As time went on Nintendo of America reversed their stance on religious material, now even overtly Christian games release on Nintendo platforms, just as Nintendo of Japan had always allowed.

In 1994, Wisdom Tree licensed the id Software Wolfenstein 3D engine for the SNES game *Super 3D Noah's Ark*. The game has been reprinted and rereleased a number of times since.

After the Columbine High School massacre in 1999, there was a revival of Christian video games specifically in the first-person shooter genre. Ralph Bagley of N'Lightning Software claims that publishers were more receptive to the concept of a Christian first-person shooting game with less violence because violent video games like *Doom* or *Quake* were facing controversy at the time due to the Columbine massacre. The first Christian FPS game to be released in July of 1999 was *Saints of Virtue*, developed by Shine Studios, a small video game company that was run by three people. In October 1999, *The War in Heaven* was released by a small video game company called Eternal Warriors. The game was developed by Andrew Lunstad and designed by Theodore Beale.

### 2000s–present

During the 2000s, N'Lightning Software Development released two first-person shooter games: *Catechumen* (2000) and *Ominous Horizons: A Paladin's Calling* (2001). The annual Christian Game Developers Conference (CGDC) was started in 2001.

In 2005, *The Bible Game* by Mass Media Games was released for the Game Boy Advance, PlayStation 2, and Xbox. That same year, the first version of *Dance Praise* was released by Digital Praise for PC. *Emo's MatchMaker*, a puzzle video game developed by Omni Creative Group and published by Big Fish Games for Microsoft Windows in early 2007, gives Biblical related advice to husbands and/or wives.

The 2000s also saw the first adaptations of Christian media franchises for major video game platforms. Those include games based on *The Lord of the Rings* and *The Chronicles of Narnia* film series, including *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers* (2002), *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King* (2003), *The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe* (2005), and *The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian* (2008), as well as the *VeggieTales* franchise in the form of *LarryBoy and the Bad Apple* (2006) for the Game Boy Advance and PlayStation 2. In 2006, *Left Behind: Eternal Forces*, a real-time strategy game, was released by Inspired Media Entertainment based on Left Behind series of novels; it had sequels released in 2007, 2010, and 2011.

The *Adam's Venture* games, first released in 2009, have made appearances on PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Nintendo Switch.

The 1980s Christian anime *Superbook*, rebooted in 2011 as an animated series, has had educational video game adaptations from 2014 and onward for browsers and mobile devices.

The 2014 game *That Dragon, Cancer* was critically acclaimed as an example of video games as an art form; the game touches on the concepts of love, mortality, and faith. The game involves couple Ryan and Amy Green raising their son Joel, who had been diagnosed with cancer, and the experience was the subject of the documentary film *Thank You for Playing*.

Steam has allowed indie games to reach a wider audience. The Wisdom Tree games *Super 3D Noah's Ark* and *Spiritual Warfare* were ported to the service by Piko Interactive in 2015 and 2017, and the role-playing simulation title *I Am Jesus Christ* launched in 2019, that same year *Shepherd of Light* was released by John Paul the Great Catholic University, and in 2021 action-adventure game *John Christian* and the turn-based RPG *Paladin Dream* were released.

## Christian video game journalism

Christian video game journalism is common for Christian news and media outlets. Some churches are known to incorporate game journalism into their services, which former theology student turned video game journalist Andy Robertson did with an interactive sermon involving the game *Abzû*.

In 1984, then-editor and president of *Christianity Today* V. Gilbert Beers and his son Ronald A. Beers worked for Baker Book House and co-authored Bible stories for children in the form of the *Baker Street Kids* franchise, which consists of the titular gang of children who dress up for a Sunday school play and reenact stories from the Bible. The books were adapted into educational computer games in which religious youth must answer questions about Bible stories correctly before they get treated to a little light animation; the games were distributed by Baker Book House, developed by Brian A. Rice Inc., and published by Educational Publishing Concepts for Apple II and Commodore 64. Series 1 (*Early Heroes of the Bible*, *Searching for a King*, *The Boy Jesus*, and *The Early Church*) was released in 1984, and Series 2 (*Moses and the Wilderness Wanderings*, *A Week That Changed the World*, *Paul's Missionary Journeys*, and *Israel's Golden Years*) was released in 1985-86.

Major Christian news outlets *Christianity Today*, Christian Broadcasting Network, *Relevant*, and Trinity Broadcasting Network, often include video game journalism as a part of their coverage. And some outlets specialize in video game culture including *Christ Centered Gamer* and *Geeks Under Grace*, journalists at these outlets often work for other outlets as well.


title: 1957–58 Welsh Cup

abstract: The 1957–58 FAW Welsh Cup is the 71st season of the annual knockout tournament for competitive football teams in Wales.

text:
# 1957–58 Welsh Cup

The **1957–58 FAW Welsh Cup** is the 71st season of the annual knockout tournament for competitive football teams in Wales.

## Key

League name pointed after clubs name.

* B&DL \- Birmingham & District League
* FL D2 \- Football League Second Division
* FL D3N \- Football League Third Division North
* FL D3S \- Football League Third Division South
* SFL \- Southern Football League

## Fifth round

Ten winners from the Fourth round and six new clubs.

| Tie no | Home | Score | Away |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Oswestry Town (B&DL) | 1–3 | **Chester** (FL D3N) |

## Sixth round

| Tie no | Home | Score | Away |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Chester** (FL D3N) | 2–0 | Swansea Town (FL D2) |

## Semifinal

Chester and Hereford United played at Wrexham, replay - at Swansea, Caernarfon Town and Wrexham played at Bangor.

| Tie no | Home | Score | Away |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Chester (FL D3N) | 1–1 | Hereford United (SFL) |
| *replay* | ***Chester** (FL D3N)* | *2–0* | *Hereford United (SFL)* |
| 2 | Caernarfon Town (WLN) | 2–4 | **Wrexham** (FL D3N) |

## Final

Final were held at Chester, replay - at Wrexham.

| Tie no | Home | Score | Away |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Chester (FL D3N) | 1–1 | Wrexham (FL D3N) |
| *replay* | ***Wrexham** (FL D3N)* | *2–1* | *Chester (FL D3N)* |

## InfoBox

1957–58 Welsh Cup
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Wales |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Wrexham |
| Runner-up | Chester |
|  | |


title: Classic 100 Swoon

abstract: In 2015, the Australian radio station ABC Classic FM held the thirteenth of its annual Classic Music countdowns, during which the public votes for 100 favourite pieces. The chosen theme was "Swoon", which refers to a fainting and in this context is used to mean "little parcel of [musical] rapture" or music "that makes [the listeners'] world stand still." The Classic 100 Swoon countdown was broadcast in reverse order from 5 to 8 June.

text:
# Classic 100 Swoon

In 2015, the Australian radio station ABC Classic FM held the thirteenth of its annual Classic Music countdowns, during which the public votes for 100 favourite pieces. The chosen theme was "Swoon", which refers to a fainting and in this context is used to mean "little parcel of \[musical\] rapture" or music "that makes \[the listeners'\] world stand still." The **Classic 100 Swoon** countdown was broadcast in reverse order from 5 to 8 June.

## Countdown results

The results of the countdown are as follows:

| Rank | Composer | Work | Genre | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Vaughan Williams, Ralph | *The Lark Ascending* | Violin, piano | 1920 |
| 2 | Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus | Clarinet Concerto, K. 622 (Adagio) | Concerto | 1791 |
| 3 | Barber, Samuel | *Adagio for Strings* (orchestral and vocal versions) | Orchestra, Choral | 1936 |
| 4 | Pärt, Arvo | *Spiegel im Spiegel* | Tintinnabuli | 1978 |
| 5 | Allegri, Gregorio | *Miserere* | Choral | 1630s |
| 6 | Massenet, Jules | "Méditation" from *Thaïs* | Orchestral | 1894 |
| 7 | Elgar, Edward | *Enigma Variations* Op. 36 (includes Variation 9, Nimrod) | Orchestral | 1898–99 |
| 8 | Morricone, Ennio | *The Mission* (Includes Gabriel's Oboe original version) | Film soundtrack | 1986 |
| 9 | Fauré, Gabriel | Requiem Op.48 (includes Introit and Kyrie, Pie Jesu, Agnus Dei et Lux Aeterna, In Paradisum) | Choral, mass | 1887-90 |
| 10 | Albinoni, Tomaso/Remo Giazotto | Adagio in G minor | Strings, organ |  |
| 11 | Satie, Erik | *Gymnopédies* | Piano | 1888 |
| 12 | Elgar, Edward | Cello Concerto in E minor (includes Adagio) | Concerto, for cello | 1919 |
| 13 | Rachmaninoff, Sergei | Piano Concerto No. 2 (includes Adagio sostenuto) | Concerto, for piano | 1900–01 |
| 14 | Mahler, Gustav | Symphony No. 5 (includes Adagietto) | Symphony | 1901–02 |
| 15 | Beethoven, Ludwig van | Piano Concerto No. 5 in E-flat major | Symphony | 1809–11 |
| 16 | Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus | *Ave verum corpus*, K. 618 | Choral, motet | 1791 |
| 17 | Bizet, Georges | *The Pearl Fishers* (Includes "Au fond du temple saint", "Je crois entendre encore") | Opera | 1863 |
| 18 | Vaughan Williams, Ralph | *Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis* | Orchestral | 1910 |
| 19 | Strauss, Richard | *Four Last Songs* | Orchestral, with voice | 1948 |
| 20 | Shostakovich, Dmitri | *The Gadfly Suite* | Suite, orchestral | 1955 |
| 21 | Khachaturan, Aram | *Spartacus* (Adagio of Spartacus and Phrygia) | Ballet score | 1954 |
| 22 | Puccini, Giacomo | *Madama Butterfly* (includes "One Fine Day", "Humming Chorus") | Opera | 1904 |
| 23 | Rodrigo, Joaquín | *Concierto de Aranjuez* | Orchestral, with guitar | 1939 |
| 24 | Bruch, Max | Violin Concerto No. 1 in G minor | Concerto | 1866 |
| 25 | Bach, Johann Sebastian | *St Matthew Passion* BWV 244 | Oratorio | 1727 |
| 26 | Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus | Requiem in D minor K.626 | Choral, Mass | 1791 |
| 27 | Pachelbel, Johann | Canon in D | Strings |  |
| 28 | Bach, Johann Sebastian | Cello Suite No. 1 in G major BWV 1007 (includes Prelude) | Suite, cello |  |
| 29 | Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus | Piano Concerto No. 21 in C major K.467 (Includes Andante) | Concerto | 1785 |
| 30 | Purcell, Henry | *Dido and Aeneas* (includes "Dido's Lament") | Opera | 1688 |
| 31 | Mascagni, Pietro | *Cavalleria rusticana* | Opera | 1890 |
| 32 | Delibes, Léo | *Lakmé* | Opera | 1881–81 |
| 33 | Saint-Saëns, Camille | *The Carnival of the Animals* (includes "Aquarium", "The Swan") | Suite, chamber | 1886 |
| 34 | Rachmaninoff, Sergei | *Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini* | Concerto, for piano | 1934 |
| 35 | Dvořák, Antonín | "O silver moon" from *Rusalka* | Opera, aria | 1901 |
| 36 | Westlake, Nigel | Antarctica Suite | Film soundtrack | 1991 |
| 37 | Verdi, Giuseppe | *Nabucco* | Opera | 1841 |
| 38 | Bach, Johann Sebastian | Concerto for two violins in D minor BWV 1043 (includes Allegro ma non-tanto) | Concerto, for violin | 1717–23 |
| 39 | Grieg, Edvard | *Peer Gynt* | Play incidental music | 1875 |
| 40 | Debussy, Claude | *Suite Bergamasque* (includes "Clair de Lune"; "Passepied") | Suite, piano | 1905 |
| 41 | Holst, Gustav | *The Planets* Op.32 | Suite, orchestral | 1914–16 |
| 42 | Handel, George Frideric | *Messiah* HWV 56 (includes "Comfort Ye"; "I Know that my Redeemer Liveth") | Oratorio | 1741 |
| 43 | Tallis, Thomas | *Spem in alium* | Choral | c.1570 |
| 44 | Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus | *Così fan tutte* K.588 (includes *soave sia il vento*) | Opera | 1790 |
| 45 | Dvořák, Antonín | Symphony No. 9 Op. 45 "From the New World" (includes largo) | Symphony | 1893 |
| 46 | Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Ilyich | *The Nutcracker Suite* (Includes "Waltz of the Snowflakes"; "Danse Arabe"; "Waltz of the Flowers") | Suite, ballet score | 1892 |
| 47 | Jenkins, Karl | *The Armed Man: A Mass for Peace* | Choral, mass, orchestral | 1999 |
| 48 | Canteloube, Joseph | *Songs of the Auvergne* (includes *Baïlèro*) | Arranged folksongs | 1923-30 |
| 49 | Kats-Chernin, Elena | *Wild Swans* suite (includes *Eliza's Aria* and *Green Leaf Prelude*) | Ballet score | 2003 |
| 50 | Wagner, Richard | *Tristan and Isolde* (includes *Prelude* *and* *Liebestod*) | Opera | 1857–59 |
| 51 | Williams, John | *Schindler's List* (Main Theme) | Film soundtrack | 1993 |
| 52 | Edwards, Ross | *Dawn Mantras* | Orchestral, choral | 1999 |
| 53 | Beethoven, Ludwig van | Sonata No. 14 in C-sharp minor, Op. 27, No. 2 *Moonlight* (includes I. Adagio sostenuto) | Sonata for piano | 1801 |
| 54 | Handel, George Frideric | *Xerxes*, HWV 40 (includes "Ombra Mai Fu" – *Largo*) | Opera | 1738 |
| 55 | Debussy, Claude | *Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun* | Symphonic poem | 1894 |
| 56 | Sculthorpe, Peter | *Small Town* | Orchestral | 1976 |
| 57 | Pärt, Arvo | *Cantus in Memoriam Benjamin Britten* | Tintinnabuli | 1977 |
| 58 | Beethoven, Ludwig van | Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 61 (includes II. Larghetto) | Concerto, for violin | 1806 |
| 59 | Mendelssohn, Felix | *The Hebrides' Overture*, Op. 26 (Fingal's Cave) | Overture | 1830 |
| 60 | Rachmaninoff, Sergei | *Vespers*, Op. 37 (All-Night Vigil) | Choral | 1915 |
| 61 | Mendelssohn, Felix | Violin Concerto in E minor, Op. 64 (includes II. Andante) | Concerto for violin | 1845 |
| 62 | Bach, JS/Hess, Myra | *Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring* | Cantata | 1926 |
| 63 | Beethoven, Ludwig van | *Für Elise* | Piano | 1810 |
| 64 | Beethoven, Ludwig van | Symphony No. 9 in D minor, Op. 125 *Choral* (includes III. Adagio molto e cantabile) | Symphony, choral | 1824 |
| 65 | Ravel, Maurice | *Pavane for a Dead Princess* | Piano | 1899 |
| 66 | Mendelssohn, Felix | *A Midsummer Night's Dream* | Orchestral | 1826, 1842 |
| 67 | Beethoven, Ludwig van | Symphony No. 7 in A major (includes II. Allegretto) | Symphony | 1811–12 |
| 68 | Bach, Johann Sebastian | Cantata, BWV 147 *Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben* (includes "Jesu Joy of Man's Desiring") | Cantata | 1716, 1723 |
| 69 | Gluck, Christoph Willibald | *Orpheus and Euridice* (includes "Dance of the Blessed Spirits") | Opera | 1762 |
| 70 | Morricone, Ennio | *Cinema Paradiso* (includes Main Theme; Love Theme for Nata) | Film soundtrack | 1988 |
| 71 | Bach, Johann Sebastian | *Goldberg Variations, BWV 988* (includes Aria) | Keyboard | 1741 |
| 72 | Schubert, Franz | Impromptu in G-flat major | Piano | 1827 |
| 73 | Bach, Johann Sebastian | Mass in B minor, BWV 232 | Choral, mass | 1749 |
| 74 | Lloyd Webber, Andrew | *Requiem* (includes "Pie Jesu") | Choral, mass | 1984–85 |
| 75 | Fauré, Gabriel | *Cantique de Jean Racine* | Choral, with piano | 1864–65 |
| 76 | Handel, George Frideric | *Rinaldo* (includes "Lascia ch'io pianga") | Opera | 1711 |
| 77 | Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus | Piano Concerto No. 23 in A major (includes II. Adagio) | Concerto for piano | 1786 |
| 78 | Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus | Clarinet Quintet, K581 (includes II. Larghetto) | Chamber | 1789 |
| 79 | Brahms, Johannes | *A German Requiem*, Op. 45 | Choral, mass | 1868 |
| 80 | Górecki, Henryk | Symphony No. 3, Op. 36 (*Symphony of Sorrowful Songs*) | Symphony, with voice | 1976 |
| 81 | Bach, Johann Sebastian | Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, BWV 1050 | Concerto, chamber | 1721 |
| 82 | Saint-Saëns, Camille | *Samson and Delilah* (includes "Mon cœur s'ouvre à ta voix") | Opera | 1877 |
| 83 | Fauré, Gabriel | Pavane, Op. 50 | Orchestral, with chorus | 1887 |
| 84 | Gershwin, George | *Porgy and Bess* (includes "Summertime") | Opera | 1934 |
| 85 | Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus | Concerto for Flute, Harp, and Orchestra, K. 299 | Concerto | 1778 |
| 86 | Korngold, Erich Wolfgang | *Die tote Stadt* (includes "Glück das mir verblieb") | Opera | 1920 |
| 87 | Satie, Erik | *Gnossiennes* | Piano | 1890s |
| 88 | Beethoven, Ludwig van | Symphony No. 6, Op. 68 (*Pastoral*) | Symphony | 1808 |
| 89 | Chopin, Frédéric | Piano Concerto No. 1 in E minor, Op. 11 | Concerto for piano | 1830 |
| 90 | Schubert, Franz | Ave Maria | Choral | 1825 |
| 91 | Sculthorpe, Peter | Little Suite | Suite, for strings | 1983 |
| 92 | Dvořák, Antonín | Cello Concerto in B minor, Op. 104 | Concerto for cello | 1894–95 |
| 93 | Pergolesi, Giovanni Battista | Stabat Mater | Oratorio | 1736 |
| 94 | Tavener, John | Song for Athene | Choral | 1997 |
| 95 | Albinoni, Tomaso | Oboe Concerto in D minor, Op. 9, No. 2 | Concerto for oboe | 1722 |
| 96 | Bellini, Vincenzo | *Norma* (includes "Casta diva") | Opera | 1831 |
| 97 | Strauss, Richard | Morgen! | Song | 1894 |
| 98 | Bach, JS/Gounod, Charles | Ave Maria | Choral | 1853 |
| 99 | Bach, Johann Sebastian | Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D major, BWV 1068 (includes Air on a G string) | Suite | 1730 |
| 100 | Puccini, Giacomo | "O mio babbino caro" from *Gianni Schicchi* | Opera, aria | 1917–18 |

## By composer

The following composers were featured in the countdown:

| Composer | Nationality | Works |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Albinoni | Italian | 2 |
| Allegri | Italian | 1 |
| JS Bach | German | 9 |
| Barber | American | 1 |
| Beethoven | German | 7 |
| Bellini | Italian | 1 |
| Bizet | French | 1 |
| Brahms | German | 1 |
| Bruch | German | 1 |
| Canteloube | French | 1 |
| Chopin | Polish-French | 1 |
| Debussy | French | 2 |
| Delibes | French | 1 |
| Dvořák | Czech | 3 |
| Edwards | Australian | 1 |
| Elgar | English | 2 |
| Fauré | French | 3 |
| Gershwin | American | 1 |
| Gluck | German | 1 |
| Gorecki | Polish | 1 |
| Gounod | French | 1 |
| Grieg | Norwegian | 1 |
| Handel | German-British | 3 |
| Hess | British | 1 |
| Holst | English | 1 |
| Jenkins | Welsh | 1 |
| Kats-Chernin | Australian | 1 |
| Khachaturian | Armenian | 1 |
| Korngold | Czech | 1 |
| Lloyd Webber | English | 1 |
| Mahler | Austrian | 1 |
| Mascagni | Italian | 1 |
| Massenet | French | 1 |
| Mendelssohn | German | 3 |
| Morricone | Italian | 2 |
| Mozart | Austrian | 8 |
| Pachelbel | German | 1 |
| Pergolesi | Italian | 1 |
| Puccini | Italian | 2 |
| Purcell | English | 1 |
| Pärt | Estonian | 2 |
| Rachmaninoff | Russian | 3 |
| Ravel | French | 1 |
| Rodrigo | Spanish | 1 |
| Saint-Saëns | French | 2 |
| Satie | French | 2 |
| Schubert | Austrian | 2 |
| Sculthorpe | Australian | 2 |
| Shostakovich | Russian | 1 |
| Strauss | German | 2 |
| Tallis | English | 1 |
| Tavener | British | 1 |
| Tchaikovsky | Russian | 1 |
| Vaughan Williams | English | 2 |
| Verdi | Italian | 1 |
| Wagner | German | 1 |
| Westlake | Australian | 1 |
| Williams | American | 1 |

*Note*: Bach had 10 entries on the countdown, including *Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring* as part of *Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben* and as a separate entry.


title: Bodzechów

abstract: Bodzechów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bodzechów, within Ostrowiec County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski and 58 km (36 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

text:
# Bodzechów

**Bodzechów** \[bɔˈd͡zɛxuf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bodzechów, within Ostrowiec County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski and 58 km (36 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

## InfoBox

| Bodzechów | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Wooden Church of Saint Sophia | |
| Bodzechów | |
| Coordinates: 50°54′38″N 21°26′27″E / 50.91056°N 21.44083°E / 50.91056; 21.44083 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Świętokrzyskie |
| County | Ostrowiec |
| Gmina | Bodzechów |


title: Eating the Dinosaur

abstract: Eating the Dinosaur is the sixth book written by Chuck Klosterman, first published by Scribner in 2009. In the mold of Klosterman's earlier Sex, Drugs, and Cocoa Puffs, the book is a collection of previously unpublished essays concerning an array of pop culture topics. The book cover was designed by Paul Sahre.

text:
# Eating the Dinosaur

***Eating the Dinosaur*** is the sixth book written by Chuck Klosterman, first published by Scribner in 2009. In the mold of Klosterman's earlier *Sex, Drugs, and Cocoa Puffs*, the book is a collection of previously unpublished essays concerning an array of pop culture topics. The book cover was designed by Paul Sahre.

## Essays

*Eating the Dinosaur* consists of 13 essays:

## Reception

*Eating the Dinosaur* was positively received by critics. *The Wall Street Journal* discussed Klosterman's "pixelated intelligence and vivid prose," concluding, "Mr. Klosterman's relentlessly thoughtful prose makes a case that our arts and entertainment are more suffused with meaning than ever before. Even as he's fretting over the direction of the culture, his writing stands as an eloquent defense of it." At The A.V. Club, critic Samantha Nelson wrote that Klosterman's work had "matured".

## InfoBox

Eating the Dinosaur
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Chuck Klosterman |
| Language | English |
| Subject | pop culture |
| Publisher | Scribner |
| Publication date | October 20, 2009 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (hardcover) |
| Pages | 256 |
| ISBN | 1-4165-4420-8 |
| OCLC | 317923385 |
| Preceded by | *Downtown Owl* |
| Followed by | *I Wear the Black Hat: Grappling with Villains (Real and Imagined)* |


abstract: Jonquière is a provincial electoral district in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec, Canada that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec. It is located within the city of Saguenay and consists of most of the borough of Jonquière. It was created for the 1966 election from parts of Jonquière-Kénogami and Lac-Saint-Jean electoral districts. In the change from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map, it lost a small amount of territory to Dubuc.

text:
# Jonquière (provincial electoral district)

**Jonquière** is a provincial electoral district in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec, Canada that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec. It is located within the city of Saguenay and consists of most of the borough of Jonquière.

It was created for the 1966 election from parts of Jonquière-Kénogami and Lac-Saint-Jean electoral districts.

In the change from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map, it lost a small amount of territory to Dubuc.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly / National Assembly

| Legislature | Years | Member | | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ***Riding created from* Jonquière-Kénogami *and* Lac-Saint-Jean** | | | | |
| 28th | 1966–1970 |  | Gérald Harvey | Liberal |
| 29th | 1970–1973 | | | |
| 30th | 1973–1976 | | | |
| 31st | 1976–1981 |  | Claude Vaillancourt | Parti Québécois |
| 32nd | 1981–1983 | | | |
| | 1983–1985 |  | Aline Saint-Amand | Liberal |
| 33rd | 1985–1989 |  | Francis Dufour | Parti Québécois |
| 34th | 1989–1994 | | | |
| 35th | 1994–1996 | | | |
| | 1996–1998 | | Lucien Bouchard | |
| 36th | | | 1998–2001 | |
| | 2001–2003 |  | Françoise Gauthier | Liberal |
| 37th | | | | 2003–2007 |
| 38th | 2007–2008 |  | Sylvain Gaudreault | Parti Québécois |
| 39th | 2008–2012 | | | |
| 40th | 2012–2014 | | | |
| 41st | 2014–2018 | | | |
| 42nd | 2018–2022 | | | |
| 43rd | 2022–Present |  | Yannick Gagnon | Coalition Avenir Québec |

## Election results

| 2022 Quebec general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Coalition Avenir Québec | Yannick Gagnon | 18,196 | 59.39 | +26.92 |
|  | Parti Québécois | Caroline Dubé | 5,912 | 19.30 | –29.06 |
|  | Conservative | Isabelle Champagne | 2,926 | 9.55 | +8.46 |
|  | Québec solidaire | Karla Cynthia Garcia Martinez | 2,778 | 9.07 | +1.79 |
|  | Liberal | Wilda Solon | 648 | 2.12 | –7.72 |
|  | Parti nul | Line Bélanger | 177 | 0.58 | *New* |
| Total valid votes | | | 30,637 | 98.75 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 387 | 1.25 | –0.16 |
| Turnout | | | 31,024 | 68.46 | –0.80 |
| Electors on the lists | | | 45,320 |
|  | Coalition Avenir Québec **gain** from Parti Québécois | | Swing | | +27.99 |
| Source: Élections Québec | | | | | | |

| 2018 Quebec general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Parti Québécois | Sylvain Gaudreault | 14,887 | 48.35 | +4.83 |
|  | Coalition Avenir Québec | Benoit Rochefort | 9,997 | 32.47 | +8.86 |
|  | Liberal | Alexandre Duguay | 3,029 | 9.84 | -16.79 |
|  | Québec solidaire | Marcel Lapointe | 2,242 | 7.28 | +2.09 |
|  | Conservative | Jimmy Voyer | 337 | 1.09 |  |
|  | Green | Julie Sion | 296 | 0.96 |  |
| Total valid votes | | | 30,788 | 98.60 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 438 | 1.40 |
| Turnout | | | 31,226 | 69.25 |
| Eligible voters | | | 45,091 |
|  | Parti Québécois **hold** | | Swing | | -2.02 |
| Source(s) "Rapport des résultats officiels du scrutin". Élections Québec. | | | | | | |

| 2014 Quebec general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Parti Québécois | Sylvain Gaudreault | 13,487 | 43.52 |
|  | Liberal | Tommy Pageau | 8,254 | 26.63 |
|  | Coalition Avenir Québec | Mélanie Boucher | 7,318 | 23.61 |
|  | Québec solidaire | Réjean Dumais | 1,608 | 5.19 |
|  | Option nationale | Nicolas Beaulieu | 326 | 1.05 |
| Total valid votes | | | 30,993 | 97.67 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 738 | 2.33 |
| Turnout | | | 31,731 | 69.51 |
| Electors on the lists | | | 45,648 |  |

| 2012 Quebec general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Parti Québécois | Sylvain Gaudreault | 16,429 | 48.22 |
|  | Coalition Avenir Québec | Pierre-Olivier Simard | 8,540 | 25.07 |
|  | Liberal | Martine Girard | 6,833 | 20.06 |
|  | Québec solidaire | Réjean Dumais | 1,089 | 3.20 |
|  | Option nationale | Sébastien Lévesque | 427 | 1.25 |
|  | Parti nul | Alain Létourneau | 269 | 0.79 |
|  | Quebec Citizens' Union | Alexis St-Gelais | 265 | 0.78 |
|  | Independent | Tommy Gagnon | 218 | 0.64 |
| Total valid votes | | | 34,070 | 98.80 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 413 | 1.20 |
| Turnout | | | 34,483 | 76.13 |
| Electors on the lists | | | 45,294 |  |

2008 Quebec general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Parti Québécois | Sylvain Gaudreault | 13,077 | 47.52 |  |
|  | Liberal | Martine Girard | 10,367 | 37.67 |  |
|  | Action démocratique | Marc Jomphe | 2,913 | 10.58 |  |
|  | Québec solidaire | Gabrielle Desbiens | 1,164 | 4.23 |  |

| 2007 Quebec general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Parti Québécois | Sylvain Gaudreault | 12,851 | 39.33 |
|  | Liberal | Françoise Gauthier | 11,576 | 35.43 |
|  | Action démocratique | Marc Jomphe | 6,634 | 20.30 |
|  | Québec solidaire | Sylvain Bergeron | 839 | 2.57 |
|  | Green | Dominic Rouette | 703 | 2.15 |
|  | Independent | Pierre Laliberté | 71 | 0.22 |
| Total valid votes | | | 32,674 | 99.17 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 275 | 0.83 |
| Turnout | | | 32,949 | 74.87 |
| Electors on the lists | | | 44,011 |  |

| 2003 Quebec general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Liberal | Françoise Gauthier | 13,826 | 44.42 |
|  | Parti Québécois | Myrtha Laflamme | 11,386 | 36.58 |
|  | Action démocratique | Réjean Laforest | 5,216 | 16.76 |
|  | Bloc Pot | Batiste W. Foisy | 368 | 1.18 |
|  | UFP | Michel Perron | 330 | 1.06 |
| Total valid votes | | | 31,126 | 98.93 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 337 | 1.07 |
| Turnout | | | 31,463 | 70.68 |
| Electors on the lists | | | 44,515 |  |

| Quebec provincial by-election, 2001 | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Liberal | Françoise Gauthier | 13,077 | 46.54 |
|  | Parti Québécois | Nicole Racine | 8,830 | 31.42 |
|  | Action démocratique | Michèle Boulianne | 5,391 | 19.18 |
|  | RAP | Gilbert Talbot | 480 | 1.71 |
|  | Bloc Pot | Marc-Boris St-Maurice | 323 | 1.15 |
| Total valid votes | | | 28,101 | 99.04 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 273 | 0.96 |
| Turnout | | | 28,374 | 63.45 |
| Electors on the lists | | | 44,716 |  |

| 1998 Quebec general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Parti Québécois | Lucien Bouchard | 20,475 | 60.48 |
|  | Liberal | Guylaine Caron | 6,552 | 19.35 |
|  | Independent RAP | Michel Chartrand | 5,023 | 14.84 |
|  | Action démocratique | Hélène Vigneault | 1,686 | 4.98 |
|  | Natural Law | Sylvain Bergeron | 120 | 0.35 |
| Total valid votes | | | 33,856 | 99.12 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 302 | 0.88 |
| Turnout | | | 34,158 | 76.91 |
| Electors on the lists | | | 44,415 |  |

| Quebec provincial by-election, 1996 | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Parti Québécois | Lucien Bouchard | 24,900 | 94.82 |
|  | CANADA! | George Butcher | 484 | 1.84 |
|  | Natural Law | Normand Dufour | 222 | 0.85 |
|  | Independent | Stéphane Guy Maurice Gagnon | 215 | 0.82 |
|  | Independent | Claude Gagnon | 198 | 0.75 |
|  | Socialist Democracy | Gervais Tremblay | 185 | 0.70 |
|  | Independent | Jolly Taylor | 57 | 0.22 |
| Total valid votes | | | 26,261 | 98.72 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 341 | 1.28 |
| Turnout | | | 26,602 | 60.99 |
| Electors on the lists | | | 43,614 |  |

| 1995 Quebec referendum | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Side | | Votes | % |
|  | Oui | 28,385 | 71.02 |
|  | Non | 11,584 | 28.98 |
|

| 1994 Quebec general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Parti Québécois | Francis Dufour | 22,598 | 69.64 |
|  | Liberal | Stéphane Dallaire | 8,703 | 26.74 |
|  | Natural Law | Sylvie Francoeur | 1,248 | 3.83 |
| Total valid votes | | | 32,549 | 97.01 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 1,002 | 2.99 |
| Turnout | | | 33,551 | 80.03 |
| Electors on the lists | | | 41,921 |  |

| 1992 Charlottetown Accord referendum | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Side | | Votes | % |
|  | Non | 27,001 | 77.31 |
|  | Oui | 7,926 | 22.69 |
|

| 1989 Quebec general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Parti Québécois | Francis Dufour | 17,294 | 56.05 |
|  | Liberal | Aline St-Amand | 11,789 | 38.21 |
|  | New Democratic | Maurice Bilodeau | 1,774 | 5.75 |
| Total valid votes | | | 30,857 | 97.63 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 750 | 2.37 |
| Turnout | | | 31,607 | 76.16 |
| Electors on the lists | | | 41,502 |  |

| 1985 Quebec general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Parti Québécois | Francis Dufour | 17,741 | 52.51 |
|  | Liberal | Aline St-Amand | 14,130 | 41.82 |
|  | New Democratic | Maurice Bilodeau | 1,784 | 5.28 |
|  | Christian Socialist | Jean-Pierre Rannou | 132 | 0.39 |
| Total valid votes | | | 33,787 | 98.70 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 444 | 1.30 |
| Turnout | | | 34,231 | 79.86 |
| Electors on the lists | | | 42,864 |  |

| Quebec provincial by-election, 1983 | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Liberal | Aline St-Amand | 16,338 | 52.09 |
|  | Parti Québécois | Céline Gagnon | 15,028 | 47.91 |
| Total valid votes | | | 31,366 | 97.66 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 751 | 2.34 |
| Turnout | | | 32,117 | 75.17 |
| Electors on the lists | | | 42,725 |  |

| 1981 Quebec general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Parti Québécois | Claude Vaillancourt | 23,562 | 65.99 |
|  | Liberal | André Harvey | 11,327 | 31.72 |
|  | Union Nationale | Jacques Trahan | 582 | 1.63 |
|  | Workers Communist | Edouard Lavallière | 235 | 0.66 |
| Total valid votes | | | 35,706 | 99.06 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 338 | 0.94 |
| Turnout | | | 36,044 | 83.63 |
| Electors on the lists | | | 43,099 |  |

| 1980 Quebec referendum | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Side | | Votes | % |
|  | Oui | 22,058 | 60.74 |
|  | Non | 14,25 | 39.26 |

| 1976 Quebec general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Parti Québécois | Claude Vaillancourt | 20,373 | 58.23 |
|  | Liberal | Gérald Harvey | 10,682 | 31.04 |
|  | Union Nationale | Roselda Duguay Brassard | 2,220 | 6.34 |
|  | Ralliement créditiste | Serge Racine | 1,535 | 4.39 |
| Total valid votes | | | 34,990 | 98.31 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 600 | 1.69 |
| Turnout | | | 35,590 | 89.26 |
| Electors on the lists | | | 39,873 |  |

| 1973 Quebec general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Liberal | Gérald Harvey | 16,985 | 53.71 |
|  | Parti Québécois | Francis Dufour | 12,850 | 40.63 |
|  | Union Nationale | Lucien Audet | 897 | 2.84 |
|  | Parti créditiste | Albert Bouchard | 892 | 2.82 |
| Total valid votes | | | 31,624 | 98.42 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 507 | 1.58 |
| Turnout | | | 32,131 | 84.30 |
| Electors on the lists | | | 38,117 |  |

| 1970 Quebec general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Liberal | Gérald Harvey | 15,010 | 49.49 |
|  | Parti Québécois | Gilles Grégoire | 11,354 | 37.44 |
|  | Union Nationale | Claude Boily | 3,108 | 10.25 |
|  | Ralliement créditiste | Gérard Lacombe | 856 | 2.82 |
| Total valid votes | | | 30,328 | 99.06 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 289 | 0.94 |
| Turnout | | | 30,617 | 88.64 |
| Electors on the lists | | | 34,540 |  |

| 1966 Quebec general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Liberal | Gérald Harvey | 11,959 | 46.91 |
|  | Union Nationale | Roger Dufault | 7,464 | 29.28 |
|  | Ralliement national | Magella Tremblay | 4,992 | 19.50 |
|  | RIN | Gérard Lacombe | 916 | 3.59 |
|  | Independent Socialist | Richard Tremblay | 165 | 0.65 |
| Total valid votes | | | 25,496 | 98.69 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 339 | 1.31 |
| Turnout | | | 25,835 | 79.06 |
| Electors on the lists | | | 32,677 |  |

Information Election results Maps

48°22′41″N 71°13′48″W / 48.378°N 71.230°W / 48.378; -71.230

## InfoBox

Jonquière
| Quebec electoral district | |
| --- | --- |
| Location in Saguenay | |
| Provincial electoral district | |
| Legislature | National Assembly of Quebec |
| MNA |
     Yannick Gagnon
Coalition Avenir Québec |
| District created | 1965 |
| First contested | 1966 |
| Last contested | 2022 |
| Demographics | |
| Electors (2014) | 45,648 |
| Area (km²) | 409.3 |
| Census division(s) | Le Saguenay-et-son-Fjord (part) |
| Census subdivision(s) | Saguenay (part) |


title: Liam Greentree

abstract: Liam Greentree is a Canadian junior ice hockey right wing currently playing for the Windsor Spitfires of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) as a prospect to the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted 26th overall by the Kings in the 2024 NHL entry draft.

text:
# Liam Greentree

**Liam Greentree** (born January 1, 2006) is a Canadian junior ice hockey right wing currently playing for the Windsor Spitfires of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) as a prospect to the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted 26th overall by the Kings in the 2024 NHL entry draft.

## Playing career

Greentree recorded 25 goals and 20 assists in 61 games for the Windsor Spitfires during the 2022–23 season. His 25 goals were the most amongst rookies, and that earned him an OHL First All-Rookie Team selection. During the 2023–24 season, he served as team captain and led his team in scoring with 36 goals and 54 assists in 64 games for the Spitfires. Following the season he was named to the OHL Third All-Star team.

Greentree was drafted 26th overall by the Los Angeles Kings in the 2024 NHL Entry Draft. On July 20, 2024, the Kings signed Greentree to a three-year, entry-level contract.

## International play

| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Representing  Canada | | |
| Men's ice hockey | | |
| World U18 Championships | | |
|  | 2024 Finland |  |

On April 16, 2024, Greentree was named to Canada's under-18 team for the 2024 IIHF World U18 Championships. During the tournament he recorded two goals and two assists in seven games and won a gold medal.

## Career statistics

### Regular season and playoffs

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2022–23 | Windsor Spitfires | OHL | | 61 | 25 | 20 | 45 | 26 | | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 2023–24 | Windsor Spitfires | OHL | | 64 | 36 | 54 | 90 | 33 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| OHL totals | | | | 125 | 61 | 74 | 135 | 59 | | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |

### International

| Year | Team | Event | Result |  | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2023 | Canada | HG18 |  | | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 2024 | Canada | U18 |  | | 7 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 0 |
| Junior totals | | | | | 10 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 0 |

## Awards and honours

| Award | Year | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- |
| OHL | | |
| First All-Rookie Team | 2023 |  |
| Third All-Star Team | 2024 |  |

## InfoBox

| Liam Greentree | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (2006-01-01) January 1, 2006
Oshawa, Ontario, Canada | | |
| Height | 6 ft 2 in (188 cm) | | |
| Weight | 214 lb (97 kg; 15 st 4 lb) | | |
| Position | Right wing | | |
| Shoots | Left | | |
| NHL team (*P*)
*Cur.* team | *Los Angeles Kings*
Windsor Spitfires (OHL) | | |
| NHL draft | 26th overall, 2024
Los Angeles Kings | | |


title: South Canyon Fire

abstract: The South Canyon Fire was a 1994 wildfire that took the lives of 14 wildland firefighters on Storm King Mountain, near Glenwood Springs, Colorado, on July 6, 1994. It is often also referred to as the "Storm King" fire. It was the subject of John Maclean's book Fire on the Mountain: The True Story of the South Canyon Fire.

text:
# South Canyon Fire

The **South Canyon Fire** was a 1994 wildfire that took the lives of 14 wildland firefighters on Storm King Mountain, near Glenwood Springs, Colorado, on July 6, 1994. It is often also referred to as the "Storm King" fire.

It was the subject of John Maclean's book *Fire on the Mountain: The True Story of the South Canyon Fire*.

## Fire origin

On July 2, 1994, lightning sparked a fire near the base of Storm King Mountain, 7 miles (11 km) west of Glenwood Springs, Colorado. Initially small and well away from private property, the fire was assigned low priority and allowed to smolder for the first two days. By July 4, the fire had burned only 3 acres (1.2 ha). Nearby residents of Canyon Creek Estates, however, were growing increasingly concerned by the persistent blaze, prompting local authorities to take action. Due to the uneven terrain, and the efforts necessary to coordinate the incident response, it was decided that the fight against the fire would commence the following morning.

## Incident

On July 5, firefighters began their approach from the west at the east end of Canyon Creek Estates, making a difficult march up the rugged terrain along which is the present location of the Storm King Mountain Memorial Trail. Firefighters began constructing firelines to contain the blaze. The fight was joined that evening by smokejumpers who began aiding in the construction of the fireline, working well into the night of July 5 but quitting early due to "danger from rolling rocks."

The following day, twenty Hotshots from Prineville, Oregon, were rushed to the fire to aid in the battle. That afternoon, a dry cold front passed through the area, increasing the winds and fire activity. By 4 p.m., the fire had "spotted" beyond the fireline and below the firefighters' location to the west and began to race towards them up the steep, densely vegetated terrain.

## Casualties

Twelve firefighters were unable to outrun the blaze and perished. Two more helitack firefighters were also killed as they tried to flee to the northwest. Those who died:

* **Prineville Hotshots**: Kathi Beck, Tamera Bickett, Scott Blecha, Levi Brinkley, Douglas Dunbar, Terri Hagen, Bonnie Holtby, Rob Johnson, Jon Kelso.
* **Missoula Smokejumper**: Don Mackey
* **McCall Smokejumper**s: Roger Roth, Jim Thrash.
* **Helitack**: Robert Browning, Jr., Richard Tyler.

## Memorials

The Storm King Mountain Memorial Trail, closely following the actual path the firefighters hiked to fight the blaze, leads visitors to the site. Plaques and memorials line the trail explaining the events and paying homage to those who fell. Crosses were installed where each person fell. Memorials have also been constructed at Two Rivers Park in Glenwood Springs, at Ochoco Creek Park in Prineville, Oregon, and in McDonald Forest's Peavy Arboretum near Corvallis, Oregon.

## Footnotes

39°34′26.48″N 107°25′36.82″W / 39.5740222°N 107.4268944°W / 39.5740222; -107.4268944

## InfoBox

| View showing the West Flank Fireline, looking northeast across the West Drainage | |
| --- | --- |
| Date(s) | July 2, 1994 (1994-07-02) — July 11, 1994 (1994-07-11) |
| Statistics | |
| Burned area | 2,115 acres (9 km2) |
| Impacts | |
| Deaths | 14 |
| Ignition | |
| Cause | Lightning |


title: Firkal

abstract: Firkal is a martial art folk-dance of Bhumij tribe. The main instruments of Firkal are swords, arrows, bows and shields. It can be found in Potka block of Jharkhand and some parts of Odisha, India. Older than Kalaripayattu, and even those martial art forms that trace its origins to China and Japan, Firkal is still very much a living martial art-based dance form, performed mainly by the Bhumij tribes of Chotanagpur area in Jharkhand. At first sight, Firkal appears to be like any other warrior dance performed by African tribes. The dance recitals were originally enactments of hunting scenes and self-defence, the focus being mainly of raw macho courage. Over time, however, the evolving lifestyle of the Bhumjis has led to the modification of dance movements. Over time, the dance movements have changed into a leisurely, recreational exercise rather than a ritualistic demonstration of courage. These dance steps are variously known as Bagh Taal, Birsa Munda Taal, Pahalbani Taal, etc. denotes the courageous struggle experienced by the Bhumij community. The younger generation, however, seem to be unfamiliar with these dance steps. Firkal is still alive thanks a great deal to the efforts of Kalamandir—The Celluloid Chapter Art Foundation (TCCAF), a Jamshedpur-based NGO. For many years now, the organisation has been tirelessly working for the revival and promotion of Firkal. Today, Firkal survives in just one obscure village, Janumdih, of Potka block in East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand. A group of about 25 Bhumij tribal families here still hang on to the traditions of the discipline. Experts say Firkal is, in fact, a variation of Kirpan Susun, a traditional dance form among the Bhumij tribes of Chhotanagpur. The dance portrayals are mostly enactments of hunting scenes and self-defence.

text:
# Firkal

**Firkal** is a martial art folk-dance of Bhumij tribe. The main instruments of Firkal are swords, arrows, bows and shields. It can be found in *Potka block* of Jharkhand and some parts of Odisha, India.

Older than Kalaripayattu, and even those martial art forms that trace its origins to China and Japan, Firkal is still very much a living martial art-based dance form, performed mainly by the Bhumij tribes of Chotanagpur area in Jharkhand.

At first sight, Firkal appears to be like any other warrior dance performed by African tribes. The dance recitals were originally enactments of hunting scenes and self-defence, the focus being mainly of raw macho courage. Over time, however, the evolving lifestyle of the Bhumjis has led to the modification of dance movements. Over time, the dance movements have changed into a leisurely, recreational exercise rather than a ritualistic demonstration of courage. These dance steps are variously known as *Bagh Taal* , *Birsa Munda Taal,* *Pahalbani Taal, etc.* denotes the courageous struggle experienced by the Bhumij community. The younger generation, however, seem to be unfamiliar with these dance steps.

Firkal is still alive thanks a great deal to the efforts of Kalamandir—The Celluloid Chapter Art Foundation (TCCAF), a Jamshedpur-based NGO. For many years now, the organisation has been tirelessly working for the revival and promotion of Firkal. Today, Firkal survives in just one obscure village, Janumdih, of Potka block in East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand. A group of about 25 Bhumij tribal families here still hang on to the traditions of the discipline. Experts say Firkal is, in fact, a variation of *Kirpan Susun* (Kirpan means sword and susun dance), a traditional dance form among the Bhumij tribes of Chhotanagpur. The dance portrayals are mostly enactments of hunting scenes and self-defence.

*FIRKAL DANCE । NATIONAL TRIBAL FESTIVAL VANAJ 2015* (Video), Desi Cinema Classical, Ministry of tribal affairs, Govt of India, 24 August 2015, retrieved 25 May 2022


title: Classic 100 Voice

abstract: In 2016, the Australian radio station ABC Classic FM held the fourteenth of its annual Classic Music countdowns, during which the public voted for 100 favourite pieces. The chosen theme was "Voice" and included opera, operetta, choral music and classical song. The Classic 100 Voice countdown was broadcast in reverse order from 10 to 13 June.

text:
# Classic 100 Voice

In 2016, the Australian radio station ABC Classic FM held the fourteenth of its annual Classic Music countdowns, during which the public voted for 100 favourite pieces. The chosen theme was "Voice" and included opera, operetta, choral music and classical song. The **Classic 100 Voice** countdown was broadcast in reverse order from 10 to 13 June.

## Countdown results

The results of the countdown are as follows:

| Rank | Composer | Work | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 100 | Beethoven, Ludwig van | Choral Fantasy | 1808 |
| 99 | Handel, George Frederic | *Giulio Cesare* ("Piangerò la sorte mia") | 1724 |
| 98 | Bach, Johann Sebastian | Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme, BWV 140 | 1731 |
| 97 | Strauss, Richard | "Morgen!" | 1894 |
| 96 | Beethoven, Ludwig van | *Fidelio* | 1805 |
| 95 | Humperdinck, Engelbert | *Hansel und Gretel* ("When I Lay Me Down to Sleep") | 1892 |
| 94 | Schubert, Franz | *Die schöne Müllerin* | 1823 |
| 93 | Mascagni, Pietro | *Cavalleria rusticana* | 1889 |
| 92 | Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus | *Zaide* ("Ruhe sanft") | 1780 |
| 91 | Rossini, Gioachino | *The Barber of Seville* ("Largo al factotum") | 1813 |
| 90 | Schubert, Franz | Ellens Gesang III (Ave Maria) | 1825 |
| 89 | Anonymous | Greensleeves |  |
| 88 | Parry, Hubert | I Was Glad | 1902 |
| 87 | Britten, Benjamin | *War Requiem* | 1962 |
| 86 | Villa-Lobos, Heitor | Bachianas Brasileiras No. 5 | 1938 |
| 85 | Lehár, Franz | *The Merry Widow* ("Es lebt' eine Vilja, ein Waldmägdelein" (Vilia Song)) | 1905 |
| 84 | Wagner, Richard | *Die Walküre* (The Valkyrie) | 1856 |
| 83 | Rutter, John | The Lord Bless You and Keep You | 1981 |
| 82 | Bach, Johann Sebastian | Magnificat in D, BWV243 | 1733 |
| 81 | Mendelssohn, Felix | *Elijah* ("Lift Thine Eyes") | 1846 |
| 80 | Handel, George Frederic | *Samson* ("Let the Bright Seraphim") | 1741 |
| 79 | Mendelssohn, Felix | *A Midsummer Night's Dream* | 1842 |
| 78 | Bach, Johann Sebastian | *Christmas Oratorio* | 1734 |
| 77 | Lauridsen, Morten | O magnum mysterium | 1994 |
| 76 | Haydn, Franz Joseph | *The Creation* | 1798 |
| 75 | Schubert, Franz | An die Musik | 1817 |
| 74 | Donizetti, Gaetano | *Lucia di Lammermoor* (Mad Scene) | 1835 |
| 73 | Beethoven, Ludwig van | *Missa Solemnis* | 1823 |
| 72 | Bach, Johann Sebastian | *St John Passion* | 1724 |
| 71 | Verdi, Giuseppe | *Rigoletto* | 1851 |
| 70 | Westlake, Nigel | Missa Solis: Requiem for Eli | 2011 |
| 69 | Rachmaninov, Sergei | Vocalise | 1915 |
| 68 | Tavener, John | Song for Athene | 1993 |
| 67 | Rutter, John | For the Beauty of the Earth | 1980 |
| 66 | Britten, Benjamin | *A Ceremony of Carols* | 1942 |
| 65 | Sullivan, Arthur | *The Mikado* | 1885 |
| 64 | Korngold, Erich Wolfgang | *Die tote Stadt* ("Glück, das mir verblieb") | 1920 |
| 63 | Strauss, Richard | *Der Rosenkavalier* | 1911 |
| 62 | Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus | *Don Giovanni* (Catalogue Aria: "Madamina, il catalogo è questo") | 1787 |
| 61 | Schubert, Franz | Erlkönig | 1815 |
| 60 | Mahler, Gustav | Das Lied von der Erde (The Song of the Earth) | 1909 |
| 59 | Sullivan, Arthur | *The Pirates of Penzance* | 1879 |
| 58 | Handel, George Frederic | *Rinaldo* ("Lascia ch'io pianga") | 1711 |
| 57 | Saint-Saens, Camille | *Samson et Dalila* ("Mon cœur s'ouvre à ta voix") | 1877 |
| 56 | Mahler, Gustav | Symphony No. 2 *Resurrection* (Urlicht) | 1895 |
| 55 | Bach, Johann Sebastian | Sheep May Safely Graze, Cantata BWV 208 | 1713 |
| 54 | Franck, César | Panis angelicus | 1872 |
| 53 | Bellini, Vincenzo | *Norma* ("Casta diva") | 1831 |
| 52 | Edwards, Ross | Dawn Mantras | 1999 |
| 51 | Fauré, Gabriel | Cantique de Jean Racine, Op. 11 | 1865 |
| 50 | Verdi, Giuseppe | *Aida* | 1871 |
| 49 | Gluck, Christoph Willibald von | *Orfeo ed Euridice* | 1762 |
| 48 | Hildegard von Bingen | O Ecclesia |  |
| 47 | Barber, Samuel | Agnus Dei | 1967 |
| 46 | Handel, George Frederic | *Serse (Xerxes)* ("Ombra mai fu") | 1738 |
| 45 | Verdi, Giuseppe | Requiem | 1874 |
| 44 | Wagner, Richard | *Tristan und Isolde* ("Liebestod") | 1859 |
| 43 | Rachmaninov, Sergei | Vespers (All Night Vigil) | 1915 |
| 42 | Monteverdi, Claudio | Vespers of 1610 | 1610 |
| 41 | Pergolesi, Giovanni Battista | Stabat Mater | 1736 |
| 40 | Verdi, Giuseppe | *La traviata* | 1853 |
| 39 | Puccini, Giacomo | *Tosca* ("Vissi d'arte") | 1900 |
| 38 | Jenkins, Karl | *The Armed Man: A Mass for Peace* | 1999 |
| 37 | Brahms, Johannes | *A German Requiem* | 1868 |
| 36 | Puccini, Giacomo | *Gianni Schicchi* ("O mio babbino caro") | 1918 |
| 35 | Schubert, Franz | *Winterreise* | 1828 |
| 34 | Górecki, Henryk | Symphony No. 3 *Symphony of Sorrowful Songs* | 1976 |
| 33 | Lloyd Webber, Andrew | Requiem – Pie Jesu | 1985 |
| 32 | Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus | Exsultate, jubilate – Alleluia | 1773 |
| 31 | Elgar, Edward | Sea Pictures | 1899 |
| 30 | Bach, Johann Sebastian | Mass in B minor | 1749 |
| 29 | Tallis, Thomas | Spem in alium | c.1570 |
| 28 | Kats-Chernin, Elena | Wild Swans (Eliza's Aria) | 2002 |
| 27 | Bach, Johann Sebastian | Cantata BWV 147 ("Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring") | 1723 |
| 26 | Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus | *The Marriage of Figaro* ("Voi che sapete") | 1786 |
| 25 | Parry, Hubert | Jerusalem | 1916 |
| 24 | Verdi, Giuseppe | *Nabucco* ("Va, pensiero") | 1842 |
| 23 | Gershwin, George | *Porgy and Bess* ("Summertime") | 1934 |
| 22 | Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus | *The Magic Flute* | 1791 |
| 21 | Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus | *Così fan tutte* ("Soave sia il vento") | 1790 |
| 20 | Vivaldi, Antonio | Gloria, RV 589 | 1715 |
| 19 | Bizet, Georges | *Carmen* | 1875 |
| 18 | Puccini, Giacomo | *La bohème* ("Che gelida manina") | 1896 |
| 17 | Canteloube, Joseph | Songs of the Auvergne | 1930 |
| 16 | Puccini, Giacomo | *Turandot* ("Nessun dorma") | 1924 |
| 15 | Purcell, Henry | *Dido and Aeneas* ("When I Am Laid in Earth") | c.1684 |
| 14 | Dvorák, Antonín | *Rusalka* ("Song to the Moon") | 1900 |
| 13 | Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus | Ave verum corpus, K. 618 | 1791 |
| 12 | Handel, George Frederic | Coronation Anthems (Zadok the Priest) | 1727 |
| 11 | Bach, Johann Sebastian | *St Matthew Passion* | 1727 |
| 10 | Puccini, Giacomo | *Madama Butterfly* ("Un bel dì") | 1904 |
| 09 | Orff, Carl | *Carmina Burana* | 1936 |
| 08 | Strauss, Richard | *Four Last Songs* | 1948 |
| 07 | Delibes, Léo | *Lakmé* ("Flower Duet: Sous le dôme épais") | 1883 |
| 06 | Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus | Requiem, K. 626 | 1791 |
| 05 | Allegri, Gregorio | Miserere | c.1630s |
| 04 | Fauré, Gabriel | Requiem, Op. 48 | 1890 |
| 03 | Handel, George Frederic | *Messiah* ("Hallelujah") | 1741 |
| 02 | Bizet, Georges | *Les pêcheurs de perles* (Duet: "Au fond du temple saint") | 1863 |
| 01 | Beethoven, Ludwig van | Symphony No. 9 | 1824 |


title: Bogard

abstract: Bogard may refer to:

text:
# Bogard

**Bogard** may refer to:

## People

* Ben M. Bogard (1868–1951), an American Baptist clergyman, author, editor, educator, radio broadcaster, and champion debater
* Delia Bogard (1921–1995), an American film actress and dancer
* Dick Bogard (1937–2003), minor league baseball player, manager and scout
* Jan Bogard (died c. 1634), Flemish printer in Leuven and Douai
* Paul Bogard, American author and dark sky advocate

## Video game characters

## Places


title: Ed Sayles

abstract: Ed Sayles is the Owner of Creative Communication & Development

text:
# Ed Sayles

**Ed Sayles** is the Owner of Creative Communication & Development

## Early years

Sayles was born in Syracuse, New York on February 19, 1952. After graduating with a BA in Speech Communication & History from SUNY College at Cortland, he was awarded a full scholarship and stipend by Bowling Green State University where he received a master's degree in Directing and Rhetoric from Bowling Green State University in Ohio.

## Career

After receiving his graduate degree, Sayles served as artistic director for a small theatre in Dayton, Ohio. While there, he helped create two new theater spaces: a 300-seat thrust space for the Trotwood Circle Theatre and a 250-seat experimental space for the First Street Theatre. In the fall of 1980, Sayles was hired as Producing Director of the Merry-Go-Round Playhouse, now known as the REV Theatre Company. He succeeded the retiring founder, Susan Riford. He remained in that position until June of 2014. According to former REV Managing Director Lynnette Lee, the operating budget for the Playhouse grew from $180,000 to $5 million under Sayles' leadership. Attendance at the Playhouse's Musical Theatre season grew from 9,000 to 50,000, and the number of students participating in the Educational Youth Theatre grew from 10,000 to over 125,000.

Sayles oversaw two major renovations to the Playhouse building, which is located in Auburn, NY. The first, in 1993, was an expansion from 325 seats to 365, and the addition of new dressing rooms and backstage facilities. In 2004, a $2.5 million renovation was completed, which included a full fly-system and orchestra pit, larger wing space, an expanded box office, new heating and cooling systems, and state-of-the-art lighting and sound systems. Most importantly of all, the renovation expanded the Playhouse seating from 365 to a Broadway-size house of 501 seats. This would eventually enable the Playhouse to earn the nickname of "Broadway in the Finger Lakes". During his tenure at the Playhouse he produced or directed over 200 plays and musicals. Favorite directing assignments included The Drowsy Chaperone (featuring Robert Moss) *Crazy for You*, Anything Goes, Big River, Antigone, As You Like it and Pictures at an American Exhibition.

In 2011 Sayles created the Finger Lakes Musical Theatre Festival which operated in tandem with the Playhouse. The festival was in operation from 2011 until 2015, one year after Sayles retired from the Playhouse. In the summer of 2012, consisted of 6 mainstages productions at the Merry-Go-Round Playhouse; 3 "Off-Broadway"-style shows presented at the Auburn Public Theater; and the PITCH which presented staged readings of new musical works at Theater Mack. The idea for The PITCH came to Sayles when was still in his High School. In an interview with *Emerging Musical Theatre*, Sayles explains the origins of The PITCH:

> "I’ve always loved the movie Yankee Doodle Day with James Cagney as George M. Cohan. In the movie, Cohan and his partner Sam Harris meet with a producer, and Harris sits at the piano while Cohan “pitches” their story for a show in less than 15 minutes. Pitch. The idea stuck with me for a while. Over the years I’ve become disturbed at the production costs creative teams incur in the early stages of developing their musicals. So, The PITCH came into being as a way for creative teams to receive feedback about their work without any out-of-pocket expenses. This summer, The PITCH will be hosting 20 new musicals, which we hope will give them a start on the way to being fully realized productions. I suspect that a number of wonderful ideas for shows have never reached fruition because of the financial burdens that accompany the development process. It is my wish that, in a small way, this will remedy that problem."

In 2015 Sayles founded Creative Communication& Development which focuses on assisting Non-Profit organizations in a variety of areas. From 2015 to 2020 Sayles was Director of the Spotlight Showcase which is part of Mozaic. In that capacity he directed two ensembles composed of neuro-diverse performers. He also oversaw and annual art show featuring the work of neuro-diverse visual artists.

## Personal life

Sayles lives in Auburn, New York, with his wife Kathleen. They have three grown children: Austin, Celeste and Sarah.

## Honors

He has served two terms on the Theatre Panel of the New York State Council on the Arts. He has also been a member of the board of directors of the Cayuga Museum, the Cayuga County United Way, and the Cayuga County Office of Tourism. In 2006, the Cayuga County Legislature declared Friday, May 5, of that year to be "Ed Sayles Day" in recognition of his work as producing director for the Merry-Go-Round Playhouse, which "has become nationally recognized for the quality of both its musical and youth theatres," offering 10 different school productions each year in its curriculum-based in-school workshop and performance program, serving over 125,000 students in 70 school districts across New York State. Sayles was honored at the 28th Annual Theatre Educators' Conference in September 2012 with the Regional Award for Contributions to Educational & Regional Theatre.

## InfoBox

| Ed Sayles | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Edward Thomas Sayles
(1952-02-19) February 19, 1952
Syracuse, New York, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | Producing Director at the
Merry-Go-Round Playhouse |


title: Chitose Station (Aomori)

abstract: Chitose Station is a railway station in the city of Hirosaki, Aomori Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator, Kōnan Railway Company. The station's name is transliterated as "Titose" on its signage.

text:
# Chitose Station (Aomori)

**Chitose Station** (千年駅, *Chitose-eki*) is a railway station in the city of Hirosaki, Aomori Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator, Kōnan Railway Company. The station's name is transliterated as "Titose" on its signage.

## Lines

Chitose Station is served by the Kōnan Railway Ōwani Line, and lies 10.0 kilometers from the southern terminus of the line at Ōwani Station.

## Station layout

Chitose Station has a single island platform with two tracks, connected to the station building by a level crossing. The station is attended only during morning and evening commuting hours.

### Platforms

| **1** | Kōnan Railway Ōwani Line | for Ōwani |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2** | Kōnan Railway Ōwani Line | forChūō-Hirosaki |

## Adjacent stations

| « | | Service | » | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kōnan Railway Kōnan Line | | | | |
| Koguriyama | | - | Seiaichūkō-mae | |

## History

Chitose Station was opened as **Tsugaru-Chitose Station** 津軽千年駅 (*Tsugaru-Chitose-eki*) on January 26, 1952, with the opening of the Ōwani Line. The station name was changed to its present name on April 1, 2008.

## Surrounding area

The station is located in a residential area of Hirosaki

Media related to Chitose Station (Aomori) at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Chitose Station
千年駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Chitose Station, September 2019 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Matsubara-nishi 3-3-8, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori-ken 036-8142
Japan |
| Coordinates | 40°34′01.71″N 140°28′50.70″E / 40.5671417°N 140.4807500°E / 40.5671417; 140.4807500 |
| Operated by | Kōnan Railway |
| Line(s) | Ōwani Line |
| Distance | 10.0 km from Ōwani |
| Platforms | 1 island platform |
| Other information | |
| Status | Unstaffed |
| Website | Official website (in Japanese) |
| History | |
| Opened | January 26, 1952 |
| Previous names | Tsugaru-Chitose (to 2008) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY2015 | 114 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Chitose StationLocation within Aomori PrefectureChitose StationChitose Station (Japan) | |


title: Sisters of Providence of Holyoke

abstract: The Sisters of Providence of Holyoke, Massachusetts, are a congregation of Roman Catholic religious sisters founded in 1892.

text:
# Sisters of Providence of Holyoke

The **Sisters of Providence of Holyoke**, Massachusetts, are a congregation of Roman Catholic religious sisters founded in 1892.

## History

In November 1873, four Sisters of Charity from the House of Providence in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, came to Holyoke in Western Massachusetts to care for the sick poor, most of whom were immigrants laboring in the city's paper mills. Holyoke was a young, rapidly growing industrial city with cotton, satin and thread mills. These employed hundreds of immigrants, especially those from Ireland and Scotland.

A great dam was built across the Connecticut at Holyoke. Hundreds of laborers were employed in its construction. The immigrants and mill employees were lodged in company houses, badly constructed, unsanitary and overcrowded. Disease, especially typhoid fever, was rampant. Since the city had neither hospital nor an almshouse, during illness these poor people received little or no care. There were no homes for the aged or infirm, or an orphanage for homeless children. Rev. Patrick J. Harkins, pastor of St. Jerome's Church, the only Catholic Church in the city, was aware of the needs of his poor parishioners and sought to address them. In September 1873 two Sisters of Charity of the House of Providence arrived from their Mother House in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. The two, Sister Mary de Chantal and Sister Mary Elizabeth were on a begging trip and seeking his permission to solicit funds from his parish for their poor back home. Harkins had studied under Sr. Mary Elizabeth’s brother, Fr. Stafford, at Regiopolis College in Kingston. He asked that they open a charitable mission in the city.

The sisters’ Reverend Mother Mary John and Mother Mary Edward, first assistant, visited Holyoke on September 23, 1873. They accepted Holyoke as their first mission. On November 7, 1873, four sisters arrived to establish the Holyoke mission, settling in their first House of Providence, located on the other side of the Connecticut River in South Hadley Falls. They crossed the river by rowboat to visit the needy in Holyoke. Within one week, Sisters Mary Edward, Mary Mount Carmel, Mary of the Cross, and Mary Patrick welcomed their first orphan, 11-year old Edward Reilly. It was not long after that before the city almoner was sending the city's needy and the infirm to the sisters for care and shelter.

Soon their house was filled to capacity and only the very sick and friendless could be admitted. In 1874, the Sisters moved from South Hadley Falls to a new House of Providence in Holyoke. The House of Providence functioned as a hospital, orphanage, home for the elderly and convent.

Providence Hospital, Holyoke's first full-service medical facility was founded in 1873. Mercy Hospital in Springfield, the first Catholic hospital in western Massachusetts. developed from a Holyoke mission the following year. Saint Vincent Hospital in Worcester was founded in 1893.

The work of the Sisters of Providence, as all in Holyoke called them, rapidly developed. Soon they were not only caring for the orphaned, the aged, and the infirm at the House of Providence, but for the sick poor in their homes where the sisters spent nights with the dying and preparing the dead for burial. To help support themselves and their ministries, the sisters made and sold altar breads, church linens, vestments and burial robes. This last work was a major source of income for the House of Providence until around 1920. In the summer of 1875 Father Harkins sent a request to Kingston for the Sisters to take charge of the Boys School at St. Jerome's Institute. Teaching was not one of the works for which the sisters’ congregation had been founded, but not finding it incompatible with their Rule, and wishing to cooperate with the pastor accepted this new work on August 12, 1875. Sister Mary of Providence, Sister Mary Berchmans and four novices arrived from Kingston to begin the new teaching ministry. As no convent had been provided for the sisters teaching in the school, they resided at the House of Providence and frequently helped care for the orphans, aged and infirm in their free time from school, as well as relieving on night duty or spending their nights with the dying. With true missionary spirit, these pioneer sisters generously and courageously fulfilled their vocation as servants of the poor.

By 1890 the Rev. Dr. Thomas D. Beaven, acting for the Right Rev. Patrick Thomas O'Reilly, Bishop of Springfield of which Holyoke is a part, petitioned Rome for the sisters to become a separate diocesan Congregation, separate from the Mother House in Kingston. On the day of Bishop O’Reilly's death, May 28, 1892 notice arrived that Rome had granted that permission, and on August 12 Father Beaven was appointed to succeed as bishop. Following his predecessor's plan, sisters who wished were permitted to remain members of the Kingston Community, and on August 13, 1892, fourteen of their number bade farewell to their companions in Holyoke and returned to Kingston. The 30 remaining sisters became the nucleus for the new diocesan Community. And, on August 17, 1892 a provisional government was established with Mother Mary of Providence (in secular life Catherine Horan), as its first major superior.

The sisters’ new Community was incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth as the Sisters of Providence, Holyoke, Massachusetts. Their charter, dated December 17, 1892, was granted for “the establishment and maintaining of the school for the education of children; establishing and maintaining a hospital for the cure of the sick; assisting the poor and destitute people; and teaching and fitting young women for the Order of the Sisters of Providence and maintaining the same.”

In the next 15 years, the sisters, under the able leadership of Mother Mary of Providence established 20 works of charity. Mother Mary served as teacher, principal, nurse, administrator and religious leader. By her death in 1943, the Sisters of Providence had made sharp inroads into alleviating the social needs of Western Massachusetts. In their various missions, the works of the Community were continuing to flourish throughout the Springfield Diocese, which at that time include Worcester in central Massachusetts. The Sisters ministries included several hospitals and nursing schools, an orphanage, nursing homes, a residence for working girls and a home for unwed mothers. Many others of their ministries also aided the poor and needy.

In 1950, the diocese was divided into two diocese: the newly established Worcester Diocese was headed by Bishop John Wright, and the Springfield Diocese by Bishop Christopher J. Weldon. The need to rebuild many of the institutions operated by the Sisters of Providence was a major concern. Some of the buildings were more than 50 years old, while others needed expansion or modernization. In the Springfield Diocese, Bishop Weldon raised funds to add a new wing to Farren Memorial Hospital in Montague City, and to rebuild Providence Hospital in Holyoke. Funds were also raised to replace the original Brightside buildings in Holyoke with Our Lady of Providence Children's Center in West Springfield, the Guild of the Holy Child in Westfield moved into its new building, and in Worcester, there was a dedication for a new Saint Vincent Hospital.

During these same years, the Community took steps to provide the advanced educations the Sisters needed in order to assume significant roles within these modern, sophisticated health and human service agencies. A House of Studies was opened in the Boston area for the many sisters who began to pursue professional studies. Many of the newer members of the Community were sent to the House of Studies or to Marillac College, a sister formation college in St. Louise, Missouri, where they obtained college degrees.

In 1967, the Sisters of Providence assumed management of the Diocese of Raleigh's St. Joseph of the Pines Hospital, a 75-bed acute care facility, built of the site of the 1928 Pine Needles Golf Resort Hotel. hospital and added Home Care services. One year later, SJP shifted its mission from acute medical care to long-term care. The Sisters acquired land on Camp Easter Road in 1990 and began the development of a skilled nursing center, The Health Center, and new residential living community, Belle Meade. The Health Center opened in 1996; Belle Meade in 1999. The Coventry assisted living facility, opened in 2008 and is located between The Health Center and Belle Meade.

## Present Day

The sisters legacy is visible in the Sisters of Providence Health System, a member of Trinity Health-New England, whose parent organization Trinity Health is the second largest Catholic health System in the U. S. In addition, the sisters sponsor Genesis Spiritual Life Center, and Providence Ministries for the Needy.

Finding the motherhouse too large for their needs, the sisters converted it into "Providence Place at Ingleside", an independent living community with 119 units for those over age 55. Residents are welcome to enjoy and gather in the large and ornate chapel for daily mass and prayer. In addition, the chapel is open for concerts several times a year.

Also on the same campus, "Mary’s Meadow" at Providence Place offers care to people needing long and short term rehabilitative services.

## Sources

Sisters of Providence archival materials housed in the Sisters of Providence Archives in Holyoke, Mass.

## Further reading

* Liptak, Dolores Ann; Bennett, Grace (1999). *Seeds of hope : the history of the Sisters of Providence, Holyoke, Massachusetts*. The Sisters of Providence. OCLC 43637892.

## InfoBox

Sisters of Providence of Holyoke, Massachusetts
|
|  |
| Formation | December 17, 1892 |
| Type | Religious Institute |
| Headquarters | Holyoke, Massachusetts |
| President | Kathleen Popko, SP |
| Website | www.sisofprov.org |


title: South Cape May, New Jersey

abstract: South Cape May was a borough that existed in Cape May County, New Jersey, United States, from 1894 to 1945. The borough was formed on August 27, 1894, from portions of Lower Township, based on the results of a referendum held six days earlier. The borough was heavily wrecked after the 1936 Nor'easter, and was ultimately destroyed by the 1944 Great Atlantic Hurricane, which hit in September of that year. After the hurricane, the borough was dissolved as of April 30, 1945, and returned to Lower Township. The remaining land not underwater is part of a bird sanctuary.

text:
# South Cape May, New Jersey

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1900 | 14 |  |  |
| 1910 | 7 |  | −50.0% |
| 1920 | 10 |  | 42.9% |
| 1930 | 6 |  | −40.0% |
| source:1910-1930 | | | |

**South Cape May** was a borough that existed in Cape May County, New Jersey, United States, from 1894 to 1945.

The borough was formed on August 27, 1894, from portions of Lower Township, based on the results of a referendum held six days earlier.

The borough was heavily wrecked after the 1936 Nor'easter, and was ultimately destroyed by the 1944 Great Atlantic Hurricane, which hit in September of that year. After the hurricane, the borough was dissolved as of April 30, 1945, and returned to Lower Township.

The remaining land not underwater is part of a bird sanctuary (South Cape May Meadows Preserve).

## History

In 1840, a man named Mark Devine bought 89 acres of land. Devine continuously bought parcels of land, eventually owning 225 acres of land stretching from Paterson Avenue in Cape May to Cape May Point. In 1882, Theodore M. Reger, an entrepreneur, formed an investment group known as The Cape May City Land Company, where they bought Devine's tract south of Broadway. Reger sought to develop the land, with the goal of land reclamation, seawall construction, wharves, roads, hotels, and cottages.

In 1885, Reger built a Lucy-type elephant called the Light of Asia, which housed his real estate office, concessions, and a sightseeing platform. People called the elephant "Jumbo" because of its size, as well as the fact that Barnum & Bailey Circus had an elephant named Jumbo. Due to low visitation, the structure was demolished in 1900.

In the 1887, the New Mount Vernon Hotel began construction in order to replace the original Mount Vernon Hotel, which burnt down in 1856 during construction, and would have been the largest hotel in the world. The new hotel was to be smaller than the original, but the plan included cottages that stretched 14 beachfront blocks and 69 blocks all the way to the Cape May Turnpike (currently Sunset Boulevard) in a gridiron pattern. In 1887, a mural of the new hotel was painted on the side of the Light of Asia elephant to advertise it. By 1888, South Cape May consisted of one hotel, 8 cottages, bathhouses, and a two-story pavilion.

In 1894, Reger withdrew the tract of land from Lower Township to form the borough of South Cape May. Shortly after, Reger and his business partner, James Henry Edmunds, formed another company, the West Cape May Improvement Company, in order to develop the lots and streets within the borough. Between 1892-1918, an electric trolley car ran through South Cape May to connect it to Cape May.

By 1910, the beachfront properties had to be moved inland by a block so they would face the railroad tracks on Mount Vernon Avenue, rather than the ocean. A three-story boarding house opened around this time, but most of the land remained a meadow.

In 1925, Sunset Boulevard was paved over the gravel Cape May Turnpike due to talks about a ferry forming between Cape May Point and Delaware. This led to an influx of development in the area, although the ferry wasn't built until 20 years later in North Cape May. That same year, several Spanish-villa style cottages were built in South Cape May. There were roughly 50 in the borough, although this only consisted of 5% of the land in the borough.

In 1936, a Nor'easter destroyed many of the cottages in the borough. Finally, the 1944 Great Atlantic Hurricane dealt the final blow to the borough. Floodwater went all the way past Sunset Boulevard, leaving any structures either destroyed or uninhabitable. The borough then declared bankruptcy as they had no properties to tax, with the borough being receded back to Lower Township. Later, in 1950, a fierce tidal wave swept through the area, reaching as far as 6th Avenue in West Cape May, ultimately destroying any remaining structures in the former South Cape May, returning the area into the meadow it was prior to development.

Today, the remaining land is now home to a bird sanctuary known as South Cape Meadows, which is adjacent to Cape May Point State Park.

38°55′59″N 74°56′31″W / 38.933°N 74.942°W / 38.933; -74.942


title: Firiplaka

abstract: Firiplaka or Firiplaka Beach is a beach situated at the southern side in Milos Island, Greece between the other beaches of Provatas (West) and Tsigrado (East). It is one of the most popular beach on the island. The beach is extensive with majestic towering volcanic cliffs, snow-grey fine sand and white pebbles and shallow turquoise waters. There are umbrellas and sunbeds and a bar hut. There is also a huge rock with a cave under it in the water near the shore and it was sculptured out from a volcanic a long time ago. The access to the beach is possible by your own vehicle, taxi, bus or even boat which goes around the island from the port of Adamas. The largest part of the road is asphalt, however the last part of it, is a gravel paved driveway.

text:
# Firiplaka

**Firiplaka** or Firiplaka Beach is a beach situated at the southern side in Milos Island, Greece between the other beaches of Provatas (West) and Tsigrado (East). It is one of the most popular beach on the island. The beach is extensive with majestic towering volcanic cliffs, snow-grey fine sand and white pebbles and shallow turquoise waters. There are umbrellas and sunbeds and a bar hut. There is also a huge rock with a cave under it in the water near the shore and it was sculptured out from a volcanic a long time ago. The access to the beach is possible by your own vehicle, taxi, bus or even boat which goes around the island from the port of Adamas. The largest part of the road is asphalt, however the last part of it, is a gravel paved driveway.


title: St Mark's, South Africa

abstract: St Mark's, Eastern Cape is a town in Chris Hani District Municipality in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Village on the White Kei River, about 15 km west of Cofimvaba and 40 km north-east of Cathcart.

text:
# St Mark's, South Africa

**St Mark's, Eastern Cape** is a town in Chris Hani District Municipality in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Village on the White Kei River, about 15 km west of Cofimvaba and 40 km north-east of Cathcart.

## History

It was founded in 1855 by Bishop John Armstrong as one of four Anglican mission stations named after the apostles.

## InfoBox

| St Mark’s | |
| --- | --- |
| St Mark’sSt Mark’s | |
| Coordinates: 32°00′47″S 27°22′52″E / 32.013°S 27.381°E / -32.013; 27.381 | |
| Country | South Africa |
| Province | Eastern Cape |
| District | Chris Hani |
| Municipality | Intsika Yethu |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.43 km2 (0.94 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 852 |
| Density | 350/km2 (910/sq mi) |
| Racial makeup (2011) | |
| Black African | 99.8% |
| Coloured | 0.1% |
| Indian/Asian | 0.1% |
| First languages (2011) | |
| Xhosa | 95.7% |
| Zulu | 2.0% |
| Other | 2.4% |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (SAST) |


title: Ed Orlett

abstract: Edward J. Orlett is an American politician and former Democrat member of the Ohio House of Representatives.

text:
# Ed Orlett

**Edward J. Orlett** is an American politician and former Democrat member of the Ohio House of Representatives.

## InfoBox

| Ed Orlett | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Ohio House of Representatives
from the 34th district | |
| **In office**
January 3, 1973 – January 8, 1986 | |
| Preceded by | David Albritton |
| Succeeded by | Tom Roberts |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Republican |
|  | |


abstract:
The Republic of the Congo national under-16 basketball team is a national basketball team of the Republic of the Congo, administered by the Fédération Congolaise de Basketball.
It represents the country in international under-16 basketball competitions.

text:
# Republic of the Congo men's national under-16 basketball team

The **Republic of the Congo national under-16 basketball team** is a national basketball team of the Republic of the Congo, administered by the Fédération Congolaise de Basketball. It represents the country in international under-16 (under age 16) basketball competitions.

## InfoBox

Republic of the Congo
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| FIBA zone | FIBA Africa |
| World Championships | |
| Appearances | None |
| African Championships | |
| Appearances | 1 (2011) |
| Medals | None |


title: Chitose Station (Chiba)

abstract: Chitose Station is a passenger railway station in the city of Minamibōsō, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company.

text:
# Chitose Station (Chiba)

**Chitose Station** (千歳駅, *Chitose-eki*) is a passenger railway station in the city of Minamibōsō, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

## Lines

Chitose Station is served by the Uchibō Line, and is located 98.6 km from the western terminus of the line at Soga Station.

## Station layout

The station is an at-grade station with a single side platform serving bidirectional traffic. The station is unattended.

## History

Chitose Station was opened on May 20, 1927 as a temporary stop. It was elevated to a full station on August 1, 1930. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of the Japan National Railways (JNR) on April 1, 1987. A new station building was completed in February 2007.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2006, the station was used by an average of 62 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

Media related to Chitose Station (Chiba) at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Chitose Station
千歳駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Chitose Station in 2007 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Chikura-chō Shirako 524, Minamibōsō-shi, Chiba-ken 295-0003
Japan |
| Coordinates | 34°59′29″N 139°57′59″E / 34.99139°N 139.96639°E / 34.99139; 139.96639 |
| Operated by | JR East |
| Line(s) | Uchibō Line |
| Distance | 98.6 km from Soga |
| Platforms | 1 side platform |
| Other information | |
| Status | Unstaffed |
| Website | Official website |
| History | |
| Opened | August 1, 1930 |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY2006 | 94 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  JR East Following station  Chikuratowards Soga or Chiba  Uchibō LineLocal  Minamiharatowards Awa-Kamogawa | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Chitose StationLocation within Chiba PrefectureChitose StationChitose Station (Japan) | |


title: Leucophyllum langmaniae

abstract: Leucophyllum langmaniae is a shrub native of Mexico, semi-evergreen, with gray-green leaves of velvety texture. Its shape is branched and compact, forming a rounded mass of up to 1 m high and wide. The flowers are lavender. They appear in the fall, and are even more abundant if drought or heat waves were important. Leucophyllum langmaniae is called Langman's sage or Rio Bravo sage. However, it is not a true sage and it has no systematics relationship to the genus Salvia. The specific epithet langmaniae was given in honor of Ida Kaplan Langman.

text:
# Leucophyllum langmaniae

***Leucophyllum langmaniae*** is a shrub native of Mexico (Chihuahuan Desert), semi-evergreen, with gray-green leaves of velvety texture. Its shape is branched and compact, forming a rounded mass of up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) high and wide. The flowers are lavender. They appear in the fall, and are even more abundant if drought or heat waves were important.

*Leucophyllum langmaniae* is called **Langman's sage** or **Rio Bravo sage**. However, it is not a true sage and it has no systematics relationship to the genus *Salvia*.

The specific epithet *langmaniae* was given in honor of Ida Kaplan Langman.

## InfoBox

| *Leucophyllum langmaniae* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Leucophyllum langmaniae* in flower. | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Scrophulariaceae |
| Genus: | *Leucophyllum* |
| Species: | ***L. langmaniae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Leucophyllum langmaniae***<br>Flyr | |
|


title: Chris Orr (rugby league)

abstract: Christopher Orr is a former professional rugby league footballer who played as a stand-off or scrum-half in the 1990s. He played at representative level for Scotland, and at club level for the Gold Coast Chargers and the Huddersfield Giants.

text:
# Chris Orr (rugby league)

**Christopher Orr** (born 18 November 1973) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played as a stand-off or scrum-half in the 1990s. He played at representative level for Scotland, and at club level for the Gold Coast Chargers and the Huddersfield Giants.

## International honours

Chris Orr won caps for Scotland while at the Huddersfield Giants 1998 2-caps.

## InfoBox

Christopher Orr
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Christopher Orr |
| Born | (1973-11-18) 18 November 1973 |
| Playing information | |
| Position | Halfback, Five-eighth |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1995–97 Gold Coast Chargers 27 2 0 0 8  1998 Huddersfield Giants 23 2 0 0 8  Total 50 4 0 0 16  Representative  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1998 Scotland 2 0 0 0 0 | |
| Source: | |


title: June Blundell

abstract: June Daphne, Lady Blundell was the wife of Sir Denis Blundell, former Governor-General of New Zealand. She was known in her own right for her extensive community activism and welfare work.

text:
# June Blundell

**June Daphne, Lady Blundell** ONZ QSO GCStJ (née **Halligan**, 19 June 1922 – 31 October 2012) was the wife of Sir Denis Blundell, former Governor-General of New Zealand. She was known in her own right for her extensive community activism and welfare work.

## Biography

Lady Blundell was active on behalf of the Order of St John as Vice-Patron and later Patron of the St John Northern Region Branch and had a devoted interest in St John Youth. In 1972 Lady Blundell was appointed Commander of the Order of Saint John (CStJ), in 1988 promoted to Dame of Justice of the Order of Saint John (DStJ) and in 2004 promoted to Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Saint John (GCStJ). In 1977, she was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal. At the end of Sir Denis's term of office as Governor-General of New Zealand Lady Blundell was recognised for her service to New Zealand on 1 November 1977 and appointed a Companion of the Queen's Service Order for community service. On 6 February 1988 Lady Blundell was the sixth appointee to the Order of New Zealand. In 1990, she was awarded the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal.

## Activism

She was heavily involved in the Cancer Foundation of New Zealand for many years. She was the founding Patron of the Child Cancer Foundation, contributed to the instigation of CanTeen, was active with the Homai College for the Blind, Save the Children New Zealand and the Asthma Society of New Zealand.

## Family

June and Denis Blundell married in 1945. They had a son and a daughter. Denis Blundell died in Townsville, Queensland, Australia, in 1984. Lady Blundell died on 31 October 2012 aged 90 at Auckland Hospital following a brief illness.

## Honours

## InfoBox

| June, Lady BlundellONZ QSO GCStJ | |
| --- | --- |
| Blundell in 2011 | |
|  | |
| Viceregal consort of New Zealand | |
| **In office**
27 September 1972  5 October 1977 | |
| Preceded by | Kathleen, Lady Porritt |
| Succeeded by | Dame Norma Holyoake |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | June Daphne Halligan
(1922-06-19)19 June 1922 |
| Died | 31 October 2012(2012-10-31) (aged 90)
Auckland, New Zealand |
| Spouse | Sir Denis Blundell  (m. 1945; died 1984) |
|  | |