title: Berlin-Rummelsburg railway station

abstract: Berlin-Rummelsburg station is a station in the suburb of Rummelsburg in the Lichtenberg district of Berlin. The station is located on the Berlin–Frankfurt (Oder) railway and is served by line S3 of the Berlin S-Bahn. It is not to be confused with Berlin-Rummelsburg Betriebsbahnhof, which lies further east and was formerly a freight yard and is now used for the maintenance of long-distance trains. Berlin-Rummelsburg Betriebsbahnhof S-Bahn station is also in the precinct of that station.

text:
# Berlin-Rummelsburg railway station

**Berlin-Rummelsburg station** is a station in the suburb of Rummelsburg in the Lichtenberg district of Berlin. The station is located on the Berlin–Frankfurt (Oder) railway (“Lower Silesian–Markish Railway”) and is served by line S3 of the Berlin S-Bahn.

It is not to be confused with Berlin-Rummelsburg Betriebsbahnhof, which lies further east and was formerly a freight yard and is now used for the maintenance of long-distance trains. Berlin-Rummelsburg Betriebsbahnhof S-Bahn station is also in the precinct of that station.

## Location and construction

The S-Bahn station is located at kilometre 3.2 of the Berlin–Frankfurt (Oder) railway. The entrance from Nöldnerstraße and Hauptstraße connects with the western end of the platform. The station includes an island platform, but it has no independent entrance building as facilities for passenger handling are located in the entrance passage. This was built within the rail viaduct. A lift provides barrier-free access to the platform.

The mainline tracks of the Berlin–Frankfurt (Oder) railway and a connecting track to the Berlin-Rummelsburg Betriebsbahnhof depot run to south of the S-Bahn station.

## History

The first station, located east of the current Schlichtallee, was put into operation in 1882 under the name of *Kietz-Rummelsburg*. In 1901 or 1902, the railway line was raised from ground level and placed on a viaduct and the station was built in its current location. In addition, bridges were built over the nearby Karlhorster Strasse, immediately to the west of the station. In 1914, the station was given its current name of *Rummelsburg*.

On 11 June 1928, the first electric suburban trains served the station and they were branded as the Berlin S-Bahn from 1 December 1930. As a result of the Second World War, Deutsche Reichsbahn ceased services at the station in April 1945. The first services were restored on 5 January 1948. The station received a southern entrance on Hauptstraße in 1984.

Modification of the viaduct arches of the mainline tracks and the entire track infrastructure in this area is planned in the coming years as part of the redevelopment of the Ostkreuz station.

## Passenger services

Berlin-Rummelsburg station is served by line S3 between Berlin Ostkreuz and Erkner. Next to Nöldnerstraße there is a bus stop and bicycle parking and on Hauptstraße, there is a stop on tram line 21. Bus routes 194, 240 and N94, operated by Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (Berlin Transport Company), serve the station.

| Service | Route |
| --- | --- |
|  | Ostkreuz **Rummelsburg** Betriebsbahnhof Rummelsburg Karlshorst Wuhlheide Köpenick Hirschgarten Friedrichshagen Rahnsdorf Wilhelmshagen Erkner |

## InfoBox

| Berlin-Rummelsburg (S-Bahn) | |
| --- | --- |
| S-Bahn station | |
| Main entrance on Nöldnerstraße | |
| General information | |
| Location | Rummelsburg, Lichtenberg, Berlin<br>Germany |
| Coordinates | 52°30′04″N 13°28′43″E / 52.501244°N 13.478545°E / 52.501244; 13.478545 |
| Line(s) |  |
| Platforms | 2 (S-Bahn) |
| Train operators | S-Bahn Berlin |
| Connections |  |
| Other information | |
| Station code | 556 |
| DS100 code | BRH |
| IBNR | 8089084 |
| Category | 4 |
| Fare zone | VBB: Berlin B/5656 |
| Website | www.bahnhof.de |
| History | |
| Opened | * 1882 as Kietz-Rummelsburg * 1901 or 1902 at current location |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Berlin S-Bahn Following station  Ostkreuztowards Spandau  S3  Rummelsburg Betriebsbahnhoftowards Erkner | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Berlin-Rummelsburg (S-Bahn)Location within Berlin | |


title: Silver Strand Falls

abstract: Silver Strand Falls drops 574 feet (175m) along Meadow Brook, at the western end of Yosemite Valley, within Yosemite National Park. The falls are commonly thought to drop 1170 feet (356m); this is incorrect. The name Widow's Tears had been applied to Silver Strand Falls in the past, but the lower-volume waterfall located one drainage to the east of Meadow Brook is now known as Widow's Tears and is thought to drop 1,170 feet (360 m), hence the confusion regarding the height. Note that the recent 1:24,000 topo map of Yosemite Valley shows the height of this waterfall as 400 feet (120 m), not 574 feet (175 m), which is derived, apparently, from ice climbers. Since the waterfall is not vertical, it is possible that the ice-climbing height is, in fact, 574 feet (175 m), while the difference in elevation between the top and bottom is as shown on the topo sheet at 400 feet (120 m). The origin of the number "1,170 feet" for the height either of this or of nearby Widow's Tears is obscure. But in any case, this height is not supported either by a field survey or by the topo sheet. It appears that the Widow's Tears drop more or less steeply in a square alcove for about 810 feet (250 m), then proceeds to drop at generally lower angle an additional 700 feet (210 m) over a series of small stepdowns and slabs. Since both Silver Strand and Widow's Tears are located on streams draining small, relatively low areas, they both dry up completely in a normal year by mid June since they are fed exclusively by melting snow.

text:
# Silver Strand Falls

**Silver Strand Falls** drops 574 feet (175m) along Meadow Brook, at the western end of Yosemite Valley, within Yosemite National Park. The falls are commonly thought to drop 1170 feet (356m); this is incorrect. The name Widow's Tears had been applied to Silver Strand Falls in the past, but the lower-volume waterfall located one drainage to the east of Meadow Brook is now known as Widow's Tears and is thought to drop 1,170 feet (360 m), hence the confusion regarding the height.

Note that the recent 1:24,000 topo map of Yosemite Valley shows the height of this waterfall as 400 feet (120 m), not 574 feet (175 m), which is derived, apparently, from ice climbers. Since the waterfall is not vertical, it is possible that the ice-climbing height is, in fact, 574 feet (175 m), while the difference in elevation between the top and bottom is as shown on the topo sheet at 400 feet (120 m).

The origin of the number "1,170 feet" for the height either of this or of nearby Widow's Tears is obscure. But in any case, this height is not supported either by a field survey or by the topo sheet. It appears that the Widow's Tears drop more or less steeply in a square alcove for about 810 feet (250 m), then proceeds to drop at generally lower angle an additional 700 feet (210 m) over a series of small stepdowns and slabs.

Since both Silver Strand and Widow's Tears are located on streams draining small, relatively low areas, they both dry up completely in a normal year by mid June since they are fed exclusively by melting snow.

## InfoBox

| Silver Strand Falls | |
| --- | --- |
| Silver Strand Falls in May, from Inspiration Point | |
|  | |
| Location | Yosemite Valley, Yosemite NP, CA, US |
| Coordinates | 37°42′16″N 119°40′09″W / 37.70447°N 119.66929°W / 37.70447; -119.66929 |
| Type | Horsetail |
| Total height | 574 feet (175 m) |


title: Chapter 22: Guns for Hire

abstract: "Chapter 22: Guns for Hire" is the sixth episode of the third season of the American television series The Mandalorian. It was written by showrunner Jon Favreau and directed by Bryce Dallas Howard. It was released on Disney+ on April 5, 2023, and received positive reviews.

text:
# Chapter 22: Guns for Hire

"**Chapter 22: Guns for Hire**" is the sixth episode of the third season of the American television series *The Mandalorian*. It was written by showrunner Jon Favreau and directed by Bryce Dallas Howard. It was released on Disney+ on April 5, 2023, and received positive reviews.

## Plot

Bo-Katan Kryze, the Mandalorian, and Grogu set out for the idyllic planet Plazir-15, where Bo-Katan's former army, now led by Axe Woves, have set themselves up as mercenaries. Before they can meet them, they are involuntarily diverted by the planet's rulers, ex-Imperial officer Captain Bombardier and the unnamed Duchess of Plazir-15, who ask for their help in neutralizing several repurposed—but malfunctioning—Imperial and Separatist droids.

After stopping a rogue droid, Bo-Katan and the Mandalorian follow its trail to *The Resistor*—a droid bar—and convince its bartender and clientele to help them. They discover that the droids were sabotaged through nanodroids in the bar's maintenance fluid, which were covertly imported by Commissioner Helgait, head of the planetary Security Office. Confronted, Helgait reveals himself as a Separatist, threatening to activate the droids back to their original 'battle droid' programming before Bo-Katan knocks him out. The Duchess sentences a remorseful Helgait to a penitent exile on the Moon of Paraquaat.

Granted an audience with the Mandalorian privateers, Bo-Katan challenges Woves for leadership and defeats him. Woves tries to goad Bo-Katan into challenging the Mandalorian for the Darksaber, telling her that the true ruler of Mandalore should possess the ancient weapon. Bo-Katan reasons that in order to retake Mandalore, they should stop fighting each other and join forces. To help her ascendance, the Mandalorian admits his capture by the cyborg in the mines of Mandalore and his rescue by Bo-Katan, defeating his captor. Seeing the truth in this revelation, Woves and the others accept that the Darksaber rightfully belongs to her. The Mandalorian then bestows the weapon to her.

## Production

### Development

The episode was directed by Bryce Dallas Howard, from a screenplay by series creator Jon Favreau.

### Casting

Pedro Pascal and Katee Sackhoff star as the Mandalorian and Bo-Katan Kryze, respectively. The Mandalorian is physically portrayed by stunt doubles Brendan Wayne and Lateef Crowder, with Wayne and Crowder receiving co-star credit.

The co-starring cast for this episode includes Simon Kassianides, Mercedes Varnado, Jack Black, Lizzo and Christopher Lloyd as Axe Woves, Koska Reeves, Captain Bombardier, The Duchess and Commissioner Helgait, respectively. Favreau cast Black and Lizzo as Bombardier and the Duchess because of their reputations in social media as *Star Wars* fans, with Black often doing funny videos of *The Mandalorian* on his Instagram and TikTok accounts while Lizzo often cosplayed as Grogu in videos that Favreau's kids showed to his father. As the showrunners were preparing to make an episode with an eccentric royal couple in a court that felt like something taken from Lewis Carroll's *Alice's Adventures in Wonderland*, Favreau reached out to Black and Lizzo and they gladly accepted, especially for the opportunity of interacting with the Grogu puppet.

### Music

Joseph Shirley composed the musical score for the episode, replacing Ludwig Göransson.

## Reception

On Rotten Tomatoes, the episode has a score of 81% based on reviews from 21 critics, with an average rating of 7.2/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Even more of a lark than usual, *The Mandalorian* indulges in some broad comedy and star-studded cameos in an altogether amiable adventure."

## InfoBox

| "**Chapter 22: Guns for Hire**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *The Mandalorian* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 3<br>Episode 6 |
| Directed by | Bryce Dallas Howard |
| Written by | Jon Favreau |
| Cinematography by | Paul Hughen |
| Editing by | * Dylan Firshein * J. Erik Jessen |
| Original release date | April 5, 2023 (2023-04-05) |
| Running time | 39 minutes |
| Co-starring | |
|  | |
|
|


title: Rat Portage 38A

abstract: Rat Portage 38A is a First Nations reserve on Lake of the Woods in northwestern Ontario. It is one of two reserves of the Obashkaandagaang Bay First Nation.

text:
# Rat Portage 38A

**Rat Portage 38A** is a First Nations reserve on Lake of the Woods in northwestern Ontario. It is one of two reserves of the Obashkaandagaang Bay First Nation.

## InfoBox

| Rat Portage 38A | |
| --- | --- |
| Indian reserve | |
| Rat Portage Indian Reserve No. 38A | |
| Rat Portage 38A | |
| Coordinates: 49°42′N 94°36′W / 49.700°N 94.600°W / 49.700; -94.600 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Ontario |
| District | Kenora |
| First Nation | Obashkaandagaang Bay |
| Area | |
| Land | 29.84 km2 (11.52 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 362 |
| Density | 12.1/km2 (31/sq mi) |


title: The Commando

abstract: The Commando is a 2022 American action crime thriller film directed by Asif Akbar and starring Mickey Rourke and Michael Jai White. It was released in the United States on January 7, 2022, by Saban Films.

text:
# The Commando

***The Commando*** is a 2022 American action crime thriller film directed by Asif Akbar and starring Mickey Rourke and Michael Jai White.

It was released in the United States on January 7, 2022, by Saban Films.

## Cast

## Plot

A DEA SWAT team, led by elite DEA agent James Baker (Michael Jai White), assault a Mexican cartel's drug lab. The bad guys are taken out in the ensuing gun fight, but Baker inadvertently kills three hostages. As a result of PTSD-induced hallucinations and nightmares, caused by the killing of the innocent, Baker gets sent home to recover.

At this time, his family makes an unexpected discovery in their house - a stash of money worth $3 million. Baker just happens to live, with his wife Lisa (Aris Mejía) and their two teenage daughters, in the house where career criminal Johnny (Mickey Rourke) stashed his loot. The Baker family soon faces the danger and threat of freshly sprung Johnny, who quickly reunites with his old crew to retake the $3 million of stolen money he hid before his arrest. Johnny is über-badass, just before his release, he "dealt" with three inmates who tried to shank him right before he was freed.

Eventually, James and Lisa head off for a quiet weekend together, leaving their two daughters home alone. The youngest girl promptly organizes a house party. It is during this party that Johnny's goons stage a home invasion.

Johnny and his henchmen will do whatever it takes to retrieve the money, including kidnap Baker's daughters. Stakes are high in this head-to-head battle as Baker stops at nothing to protect his family against the money-hungry criminals. There are many confrontations, but none of them between Baker and Johnny, until the final minutes.

One of the highlights is a high schooler getting shot while taking a leak and peeing all over his killer.

## Production

### Casting

In September 2020, it was announced that Rourke was cast in the film. In October 2020, White joined the cast of the film.

### Filming

Principal photography occurred in New Mexico on October and November 2020.

## Release

On December 7, 2021, Saban Films released a trailer for the film and set it for a January 7, 2022 release.

## Reception

Rene Rodriguez of *Variety* gave the film a negative review and wrote, "A talky and lethargic home-invasion thriller, *The Commando* amounts to an inept crime drama stuffed with banal dialogue and irrelevant supporting characters to pad its feature-length running time."

Leslie Felperin of *The Guardian* awarded the film one star out of five and wrote, "*The Commando* contains a number of egregious implausibilities and cliches."

## InfoBox

| The Commando | |
| --- | --- |
| Official release poster | |
| Directed by | Asif Akbar |
| Written by | Koji Steven Sakai |
| Story by | * Asif Akbar * Koji Steven Sakai * Al Bravo |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Jorge Gomez |
| Edited by | RJ Cooper |
| Music by | Mauricio Yazigi |
| Production<br>companies | * Premiere Entertainment * ITN Distribution * BondIt Media Capital |
| Distributed by | Saban Films |
| Release date | * January 7, 2022 (2022-01-07) |
| Running time | 93 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Dorcas Oluwade

abstract: Dorcas Omanyo Oluwade is the Vice Chancellor of Salem University, Lokoja. She retired on January 18, 2021, after the school 17th Governing Council Meeting. Alewo Johnson Akubo, a professor of Sociology took over as the new vc. She holds a B.Ed. in Administration and Planning and M.Ed. in Administration and Planning. She also holds a Ph.D. in Educational Administration and Planning.

text:
# Dorcas Oluwade

**Dorcas Omanyo Oluwade** is the Vice Chancellor of Salem University, Lokoja. She retired on January 18, 2021, after the school 17th Governing Council Meeting. Alewo Johnson Akubo, a professor of Sociology took over as the new vc.

She holds a B.Ed. in Administration and Planning and M.Ed. in Administration and Planning. She also holds a Ph.D. in Educational Administration and Planning

.

## InfoBox

| Dorcas Oluwade | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Nigerian |
| Title | Vice-Chancellor |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | National Open University |
| Academic work | |
| Institutions | Salem University, Lokoja |
|  | |


abstract: A Selective Availability Anti-spoofing Module (SAASM) is used by military Global Positioning System receivers to allow decryption of precision GPS observations, while the accuracy of civilian GPS receivers may be reduced by the United States military through Selective Availability (SA) and anti-spoofing (AS). However, on May 1, 2000 it was announced that SA was being discontinued, along with a United States Presidential Directive that no future GPS programs will include it. Before the advent of L2C, AS was meant to prevent access to dual-frequency observations to civilian users. SAASM allows satellite authentication, over-the-air rekeying, and contingency recovery. Those features are not available with the similar, but older, PPS-SM system. PPS-SM systems require periodic updates with a classified "Red Key" that may only be transmitted by secure means. SAASM systems can be updated with an encrypted "Black Key" that may be transmitted over unclassified channels. All military receivers newly deployed after the end of September 2006 must use SAASM. SAASM does not provide any additional anti-jam capability, however, the higher data (chipping) rate of P(Y) code can provide a higher processing gain which will provide better tracking performance in a jamming environment. Future GPS upgrades, such as M-Code, will provide additional improvements to anti-jam capabilities. SAASM hardware is covered with an anti-tampering coating, to deter analysis of their internal operation. Deployment of the next generation military signal for GPS, called M-code, commenced with the launch of IIR-M and IIF satellites, beginning in 2005. A complete constellation of 18 satellites with M-code capability is planned for 2016.

text:
# Selective availability anti-spoofing module

A **Selective Availability Anti-spoofing Module** (**SAASM**) is used by military Global Positioning System receivers to allow decryption of precision GPS observations, while the accuracy of civilian GPS receivers may be reduced by the United States military through Selective Availability (SA) and anti-spoofing (AS). However, on May 1, 2000 it was announced that SA was being discontinued, along with a United States Presidential Directive that no future GPS programs will include it. Before the advent of L2C, AS was meant to prevent access to dual-frequency observations to civilian users.

SAASM allows satellite authentication, over-the-air rekeying, and contingency recovery. Those features are not available with the similar, but older, PPS-SM (Precise Positioning Service Security Module) system. PPS-SM systems require periodic updates with a classified "Red Key" that may only be transmitted by secure means (such as physically taking the receiver to a secure facility for rekeying or having a trusted courier deliver a paper tape with a new key to the receiver, after which that paper tape must be securely destroyed). SAASM systems can be updated with an encrypted "Black Key" that may be transmitted over unclassified channels. All military receivers newly deployed after the end of September 2006 must use SAASM.

SAASM does not provide any additional anti-jam capability, however, the higher data (chipping) rate of P(Y) code can provide a higher processing gain which will provide better tracking performance in a jamming environment. Future GPS upgrades, such as M-Code, will provide additional improvements to anti-jam capabilities.

SAASM hardware is covered with an anti-tampering coating, to deter analysis of their internal operation.

Deployment of the next generation military signal for GPS, called M-code, commenced with the launch of IIR-M and IIF satellites, beginning in 2005. A complete constellation of 18 satellites with M-code capability is planned for 2016.


title: Laurel micropolitan area

abstract: The Laurel Micropolitan Statistical Area is a micropolitan statistical area (μSA) in southeastern Mississippi that covers two counties - Jasper and Jones. The 2010 census placed the Laurel micropolitan area population at 84,823, though as of 2019, estimates indicate the population has slightly decreased to 84,481.

text:
# Laurel micropolitan area

The **Laurel Micropolitan Statistical Area** is a micropolitan statistical area (μSA**)** in southeastern Mississippi that covers two counties - Jasper and Jones. The 2010 census placed the Laurel micropolitan area population at 84,823, though as of 2019, estimates indicate the population has slightly decreased to 84,481.

## Counties

## Communities

### Incorporated places

### Unincorporated places

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 83,107 people, 30,983 households, and 22,507 families residing within the μSA. The racial makeup of the μSA was 65.73% White, 32.13% African American, 0.32% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.12% from other races, and 0.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.67% of the population.

The median income for a household in the μSA was $26,614, and the median income for a family was $32,208. Males had a median income of $27,728 versus $18,333 for females. The per capita income for the μSA was $13,855.

31°42′32″N 89°08′10″W / 31.709021°N 89.136157°W / 31.709021; -89.136157

## InfoBox

| Laurel, Mississippi Area | |
| --- | --- |
| Micropolitan Statistical Area | |
| Laurel, MS Micropolitan Statistical Area | |
| Lauren Rogers Museum of Art | |
| Interactive Map of Hattiesburg–Laurel, MS CSA | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Mississippi |
| Principal city | Laurel |
| Area | |
| Total | 3,570 km2 (1,377 sq mi) |
| Land | 3,500 km2 (1,370 sq mi) |
| Water | 20 km2 (7 sq mi) |
| Population (2009) | |
| Total | 85,716 |
| Density | 23.9/km2 (61.9/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |


title: Sommerfuglene

abstract: Sommerfuglene is a Norwegian film from 1974 directed by Christian Boger.

text:
# Sommerfuglene

***Sommerfuglene*** (literally, The Butterflies; English title: *Summer of Silence*) is a Norwegian film from 1974 directed by Christian Boger.

## Plot

A young speech therapist arrives at a lonely farm in an mysterious forest to teach a teenage girl to speak after many years of silence. He encounters a strange family, and the summer is full of emotions, confusion, and love hidden in a veil of silence and sounds. Laughter and fun resonate in tragedy. They are surrounded by summer with jealousy, suspicion, and fear, behind closed doors and windows. Occasionally there is a picnic in the forest, or a boat trip on the river, and then sudden departure when summer is over.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Sommerfuglene | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Christian Boger |
| Written by | Christian Boger |
| Starring | Geraldine Chaplin
Sally Newton
Jonas Bergström
Marit Halset
Lars Nordrum
Paul Kael
Aud Fosse
Tor Åge Bringsværd |
| Cinematography | István Korda Kovács |
| Edited by | Randi Weum |
| Music by | Paul Kael |
| Distributed by | Kommunenes filmcentral |
| Release date | * April 15, 1974 (1974-04-15) |
| Running time | 89 minutes |
| Country | Norway |
| Language | Norwegian |


title: Benda Bilili!

abstract: Benda Bilili! is a 2010 documentary by Renaud Barret and Florent de La Tullaye, produced by Yves Chanvillard and Nadim Cheikhrouha (Screenrunner). The film follows the Kinshasa street musician group Staff Benda Bilili, whose core members of the group are disabled due to polio. "Benda Bilili" means "look beyond appearances" in Lingala. Renaud Barret and partner Florent de La Tullaye first spotted the group performing on the streets of Kinshasa in 2004. The shooting lasted 5 years until the Staff Benda Bilili became worldwide acclaimed. Amid this larger arc of triumph over adversity, it's Barret and de La Tullaye's joint eye for smaller personal and environmental details that keep the film witty and surprising: the camera captures the social cut-and-thrust of urban Kinshasa, before reflecting the group's wonder at a wider world they previously imagined only in mythic terms. In Benda Bilili!, the sense of discovery between subject and audience is thrillingly mutual. Benda Bilili! received standing ovations when it opened at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival, with the group in attendance, and performing at the Directors' Fortnight opening party. The film opened in American theatres in 2011, although a planned U.S. tour in conjunction with the film had to be canceled due to passport problems.

text:
# Benda Bilili!

***Benda Bilili!*** is a 2010 documentary by Renaud Barret and Florent de La Tullaye, produced by Yves Chanvillard and Nadim Cheikhrouha (Screenrunner).

The film follows the Kinshasa street musician group Staff Benda Bilili, whose core members of the group are disabled due to polio. "Benda Bilili" means "look beyond appearances" in Lingala.

Renaud Barret and partner Florent de La Tullaye first spotted the group performing on the streets of Kinshasa in 2004. The shooting lasted 5 years until the Staff Benda Bilili became worldwide acclaimed. Amid this larger arc of triumph over adversity, it's Barret and de La Tullaye's joint eye for smaller personal and environmental details that keep the film witty and surprising: the camera captures the social cut-and-thrust of urban Kinshasa, before reflecting the group's wonder at a wider world they previously imagined only in mythic terms. In Benda Bilili!, the sense of discovery between subject and audience is thrillingly mutual.

Benda Bilili! received standing ovations when it opened at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival, with the group in attendance, and performing at the Directors' Fortnight opening party.

The film opened in American theatres in 2011, although a planned U.S. tour in conjunction with the film had to be canceled due to passport problems.

## Synopsis

A musical documentary depicting the against-all-odds rise of Staff Benda Bilili, a dynamic band of street musicians from the Democratic Republic of Congo who became beloved stars of the world music circuit. Charting the group's progress across several years, Benda Bilili! tells a real-life Cinderella story spanning humble beginnings in Kinshasa and a triumphant European tour.

## Awards

* Opening Film, Directors' Fortnight 2010
* Nominated for Best Documentary at Cesar Awards 2010
* Golden Star for Best Documentary, French press critics Awards 2010
* Dublin's Audience Award, Jameson Dublin International Film Festival 2011

## InfoBox

| Benda Bilili! | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Renaud Barret
Florent de La Tullaye |
| Screenplay by | Renaud Barret
Florent de La Tullaye |
| Produced by | Screenrunner
La Belle Kinoise |
| Cinematography | Florent de La Tullaye Renaud Barret |
| Edited by | Jean-Christophe Hym |
| Music by | Staff Benda Bilili |
| Release date | * 2010 (2010) |
| Running time | 84 minutes |
| Countries | Democratic Republic of the Congo
France |
| Languages | French
Lingala |
| Box office | US$127,362 |


title: Simmons Lake (Washington)

abstract: Simmons Lake is a lake in the U.S. state of Washington. The lake has a surface area of 24.5 acres (9.9 ha) and reaches a depth of 12 feet (3.7 m). Simmons Lake was named after Michael T. Simmons, a pioneer citizen. A variant name was "Ken Lake".

text:
# Simmons Lake (Washington)

**Simmons Lake** is a lake in the U.S. state of Washington. The lake has a surface area of 24.5 acres (9.9 ha) and reaches a depth of 12 feet (3.7 m).

Simmons Lake was named after Michael T. Simmons, a pioneer citizen. A variant name was "Ken Lake".

## InfoBox

| Simmons Lake | |
| --- | --- |
| Simmons Lake | |
| Location | Thurston County, Washington |
| Coordinates | 47°01′57″N 122°57′02″W / 47.0326305°N 122.9506702°W / 47.0326305; -122.9506702 |
| Type | lake |
|  | |
| Surface area | 24.5 acres (9.9 ha) |
| Max. depth | 12 feet (3.7 m) |


title: Chapter 23: The Spies

abstract: "Chapter 23: The Spies" is the seventh episode of the third season of the American television series The Mandalorian. It was written by showrunner Jon Favreau and Dave Filoni, and directed by Rick Famuyiwa. It was released on Disney+ on April 12, 2023, and received positive reviews.

text:
# Chapter 23: The Spies

"**Chapter 23: The Spies**" is the seventh episode of the third season of the American television series *The Mandalorian*. It was written by showrunner Jon Favreau and Dave Filoni, and directed by Rick Famuyiwa. It was released on Disney+ on April 12, 2023, and received positive reviews.

## Plot

Moff Gideon is informed by Elia Kane of the Mandalorians' intent to retake their planet. Gideon relays this information to the Shadow Council, a group of Imperial remnant warlords. He requests reinforcements from Commandant Brendol Hux and questions Captain Pellaeon on the absence of Grand Admiral Thrawn, suggesting that the Council should choose a new leader.

Reassembling on Nevarro, Bo-Katan Kryze unites the Mandalorian clans and prepares a recon party to explore the surface of Mandalore and locate the Great Forge. Prior to leaving, Greef Karga presents the Mandalorian with IG-12: a rebuilt version of IG-11 which has been turned into a pilotable exoskeleton to be controlled by Grogu. The Mandalorian hesitantly allows Grogu to use IG-12.

On Mandalore, the group meets up with another clan, who is loyal to Bo-Katan. Bo-Katan admits that she surrendered herself and the Darksaber to Gideon shortly after the Night of a Thousand Tears, hoping that her people would be spared from further harm. She reveals that after her surrender, Gideon betrayed her and continued to bomb Mandalore. The clan directs Bo-Katan's search party to the location of the Great Forge, while the Armorer takes its weakened members back to the fleet to be tended to.

The search group finds the Great Forge but is ambushed by Gideon's beskar-enhanced stormtroopers and lured into a trap. Axe Woves sees an opening above and flies towards it to warn the Mandalorian fleet orbiting the planet of the attack and to reinforce the others below.

The Mandalorian is captured by a beskar-clad Gideon, who reveals his intent to create a new army of Dark Troopers and complete the Great Purge of Mandalore. He attempts to kill the search party, but Bo-Katan uses the Darksaber to make an escape for the group, with Paz Vizsla staying behind to buy them time to warn the Mandalorian fleet of the approaching attack. Vizsla fights off the stormtroopers but is killed by Gideon's Praetorian Guards.

## Production

### Development

The episode was directed by Rick Famuyiwa, from a screenplay by series creator Jon Favreau and Dave Filoni.

### Casting

Pedro Pascal and Katee Sackhoff star as the Mandalorian and Bo-Katan Kryze, respectively. The Mandalorian is physically portrayed by stunt doubles Brendan Wayne and Lateef Crowder, with Wayne and Crowder receiving co-star credit.

The co-starring cast for this episode returned from previous episodes, including Carl Weathers as Greef Karga, Katy M. O'Brian as Elia Kane, Emily Swallow as The Armorer, Simon Kassianides as Axe Woves, Mercedes Varnado as Koska Reeves, Taika Waititi as IG-11, Tait Fletcher and Jon Favreau as Paz Vizsla, and Giancarlo Esposito as Moff Gideon. Brian Gleeson and Xander Berkeley appear as Brendol Hux and Gilad Pellaeon, two Imperial warlords and members of the Shadow Council. Jonny Coyne, Jodi Long, Hemky Madera, Ron Bottitta, Marco Khan, and Imelda Corcoran appear as additional Warlords. Charles Parnell and Charles Baker appear as the Survivor Captain and Scout. Parvesh Cheena, Shirley Henderson, and Wesley Kimmel reprise their roles as Karga's protocol droid, the Anzellan crew, and Ragnar Vizsla, respectively.

### Music

Joseph Shirley composed the musical score for the episode, with Ludwig Göransson composing the themes.

## Reception

On Rotten Tomatoes, the episode has a score of 86% based on reviews from 22 critics. The website's critics consensus reads: "There's some creakiness as *The Mandalorian* reincorporates an overarching threat after a directionless period, but "The Spies" succeeds in priming this season for an impactful finish."

## InfoBox

| "**Chapter 23: The Spies**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *The Mandalorian* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 3<br>Episode 7 |
| Directed by | Rick Famuyiwa |
| Written by |  |
| Cinematography by | David Klein |
| Editing by | Rachel Goodlett Katz |
| Original release date | April 12, 2023 (2023-04-12) |
| Running time | 45 minutes |
| Co-starring | |
|  | |
|
|


title: The Comment Section

abstract: The Comment Section is a weekly American infotainment television series which premiered on the E! network, on August 7, 2015. Announced in May 2015, the show is hosted by Michael Kosta and "explores the biggest stories of the week and all of the outrageous and hilarious comments made about them on social media."

text:
# The Comment Section

***The Comment Section*** is a weekly American infotainment television series which premiered on the E! network, on August 7, 2015. Announced in May 2015, the show is hosted by Michael Kosta and "explores the biggest stories of the week and all of the outrageous and hilarious comments made about them on social media."

## InfoBox

| *The Comment Section* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Infotainment |
| Presented by | Michael Kosta |
| Theme music composer | Mike Fiore |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 6 |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | * Joel McHale * K.P. Anderson * Jason Burns * Greg Heller |
| Camera setup | Multiple |
| Running time | 22 minutes |
| Production companies | * Wilshire Studios Free Period * Pygmy Wolf Productions |
| Original release | |
| Network | E! |
| Release | August 7 (2015-08-07) <br>September 11, 2015 (2015-09-11) |
| Related | |
| *The Soup* | |


title: The Promise (Deborah Cox album)

abstract: The Promise is the fifth studio album by Canadian R&B singer Deborah Cox. It was released on November 11, 2008, worldwide and marked her debut with Image Entertainment and Deco Recording Group. While her 2007 album Destination Moon was a jazz tribute, this one marks her return to R&B music six years after The Morning After (2002). The album received a generally good critical reception. The Promise debuted at number 106 on the US Billboard 200, number 14 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, and number 95 on the Canadian Albums Chart. The album was nominated for R&B/Soul Recording of the Year at the 2009 Juno Awards. It also features Cox's tenth number hit on the Dance Club Songs chart, "Beautiful U R".

text:
# The Promise (Deborah Cox album)

***The Promise*** is the fifth studio album by Canadian R&B singer Deborah Cox. It was released on November 11, 2008, worldwide and marked her debut with Image Entertainment and Deco Recording Group. While her 2007 album *Destination Moon* was a jazz tribute, this one marks her return to R&B music six years after *The Morning After* (2002). The album received a generally good critical reception.

*The Promise* debuted at number 106 on the US *Billboard* 200, number 14 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, and number 95 on the Canadian Albums Chart. The album was nominated for R&B/Soul Recording of the Year at the 2009 Juno Awards. It also features Cox's tenth number hit on the Dance Club Songs chart, "Beautiful U R".

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| Okayplayer | (75/100) |
| *Toronto Star* | ) |
| *People* |  |

*People* magazine critic Ivory Jeff rated *The Promise* three out of four stars. He found that with *The Promise* "Cox makes a winning return to the pop-friendly soul with which she began her career. Her powerful yet sensitive delivery is showcased on smooth grooves and ballads like the John Legend-assisted title track." Jon Pareles from *The New York Times* wrote that "tears lurk just behind Deborah Cox's tremulous voice, and the closer they get to the surface the better she sounds on her fourth R&B studio album \[...\] While echoes of Ms. Houston haven't completely disappeared, and there's a hint of Ms. Jackson in some songs, the album reveals much more of Ms. Cox's tangy, sympathetic voice \[...\] Whether she's aching or pulling herself together, she now sounds like her own woman." *Toronto Star* critic Ashante Infantry remarked that while "Cox's rich pipes are as vibrant as ever, there's not a single song taking them to their 1998 "Nobody's Supposed to Be Here" zenith."

AllMusic editor Pemberton Roach rated *The Promise* three and a half out of five stars and noted that Cox "delivers a set of eminently smooth yet impassioned music which alternates between hip-hop-style jams ("Saying Goodbye") and neo-soul fare ("You Know Where My Heart Is")." Peggy Oliver from online magazine *SoulTracks* called the album "a mixed bag \[...\] Cox's voice is still worthy, cutting like a knife and arousing emotions. Yet somehow she still needs to gather more ammunition in gaining her groove back that captured both Davis's initial interest and sophisticated R&B audiences initial attention." In a negative review, Associated Press wrote that "Cox should think twice about making promises she can't keep \[...\] *The Promise* is mediocre at best and features overused lyrics and average production." The news agency found that "the new CD shows that Cox has not grown musically in the last six years."

## Chart performance

In the United States, *The Promise* debuted and peaked at number 106 on the US *Billboard* 200 and number 14 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. It marked Cox's lowest opening for a non-specialty album up to then and was a considerable decline from her previous major label effort *The Morning After* (2002), which had entered the top ten of the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. On the Independent Albums, *The Promise* became Cox's first album to chart, peaking at number eight.

## Track listing

*The Promise* track listing
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Love Is Not Made in Words" |  |  | 4:11 |
| 2. | "You Know Where My Heart Is" |  |  | 3:55 |
| 3. | "Did You Ever Love Me" | * Cox * J. Harris * Lewis * Wright | * Jam * Lewis * Big Jim | 3:37 |
| 4. | "Saying Goodbye" |  | * Rob Torres * Phillip "P3" Scott | 4:20 |
| 5. | "Beautiful U R" |  |  | 4:10 |
| 6. | "The Promise" |  |  | 3:31 |
| 7. | "All Over Me" | * Cox * J. Harris * Lewis * Lascelles Stephens * Wright | * Jam * Lewis * Big Jim | 3:36 |
| 8. | "All Hearts Aren't Shaped the Same" | * J. Harris * Lewis * Wright | * Jam * Lewis * Big Jim | 3:40 |
| 9. | "Down 4 U" | * B. Avila * I. Avila * Cox * Najera * Salter * Wright | * The Avila Brothers * Big Jim | 4:08 |
| 10. | "Where Do We Go 2" | * Shep Crawford * Onitsha Shaw * Isaiah Thomas | * Crawford * Davix * Professa Funk | 3:39 |
| Total length: | | | | 43:47 |

**Notes**

* **^\[a\]**  signifies co-producer

## Charts

## Release history

*The Promise* release history
| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Various | November 11, 2008 |  |  |  |

## InfoBox

| The Promise | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Deborah Cox | |
| Released | November 11, 2008 |
| Genre | R&B |
| Length | 43:47 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
| Deborah Cox chronology | |
| *Destination Moon*
(2007) ***The Promise***
(2008) | |


abstract: The Shanghai–Suzhou–Huzhou high-speed railway or Husuhu high-speed railway (沪苏湖高速铁路) is a high-speed railway in China. It is expected to be completed in November 2024.

text:
# Shanghai–Suzhou–Huzhou high-speed railway

The **Shanghai–Suzhou–Huzhou high-speed railway** or **Husuhu high-speed railway** (沪苏湖高速铁路) is a high-speed railway in China. It is expected to be completed in November 2024.

## History

Construction began in June 2020.

## Stations

| Station Name | Chinese | Metro
transfers/connections |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | | | | | | | | |
| Shanghai Hongqiao | 上海虹桥 | 10   17 |
| Shanghai Songjiang | 上海松江 |  |
| Liantang | 练塘 |  |
| Suzhou South | 苏州南 |  |
| Shengze | 盛泽 |  |
| Huzhou Nanxun | 湖州南浔 |  |
| Huzhou East | 湖州东 |  |
| Huzhou | 湖州 |  |

## InfoBox

| Shanghai–Suzhou–Huzhou
high-speed railway
沪苏湖高速铁路 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Overview | |
| Status | Under construction |
| Locale | Shanghai, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province, China |
| Termini |  |
| Stations | 8 |
| Service | |
| Operator(s) | China Railway Shanghai Group |
| Technical | |
| Line length | 163.8 km (101.8 mi) |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) |
| Operating speed | 350 km/h (217 mph) |
| Route map | |


title: Chino High School

abstract: Chino High School (CHS), located in Chino, California is one of the four regular high schools in the Chino Valley Unified School District. The school was established in 1897, making it one of the oldest schools in Southern California. Chino High moved from its original location in 1951 to its present location at Park Place and Benson Ave.

text:
# Chino High School

**Chino High School** (**CHS**), located in Chino, California is one of the four regular high schools in the Chino Valley Unified School District. The school was established in 1897, making it one of the oldest schools in Southern California. Chino High moved from its original location in 1951 to its present location at Park Place and Benson Ave.

## Academics

In 2007, the rate of passing the English-Language Arts section of the California High School Exit Exam for sophomores was 76% and the rate of graduating seniors was approximately 70%. Dropout rates continue to stay low at less than 10% in 2008, Chino High School was recertified by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges for three years.

## Demographics

The demographic breakdown of the 2,498 students enrolled for the 2012-2013 school year was:

* Male - 49.0%
* Female - 51.0%
* Native American/Alaskan - 0.2%
* Asian/Pacific islander - 4.0%
* Black - 3.5%
* Hispanic - 75.4%
* White - 16.3%
* Multiracial - 0.6%

In addition, 57% of the students were eligible for free or reduced lunch.

## Athletics

Chino High School is a member of the California Interscholastic Federation Hacienda League in the southern section. Division 6

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

| Chino High School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 5472 Park Place
Chino, California 91710
United States | |
| Coordinates | 34°01′17″N 117°41′06″W / 34.021500°N 117.685121°W / 34.021500; -117.685121 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public high school |
| Established | 1897 |
| School district | Chino Valley Unified School District |
| Principal | John Miller |
| Grades | -12 |
| Enrollment | 1,900 (2022–23) |
| Campus | Suburban |
| Color(s) | Royal blue and white
 |
| Nickname | Cowboys |
| Rivals | Don Antonio Lugo High School |
| Accreditation | WASC 3-year |
| Test average | API 653 in 2008 |
| Newspaper | *The Lariat* |
| Yearbook | *El Chasqui* |
| Website | www.chino.k12.ca.us/chinohigh |
|  | |


title: Bendahler Bach

abstract: Bendahler Bach is a small river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It flows into the Wupper in Wuppertal.

text:
# Bendahler Bach

**Bendahler Bach** is a small river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It flows into the Wupper in Wuppertal.

## InfoBox

| Bendahler Bach | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | North Rhine-Westphalia |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Wupper |
| coordinates | 51°15′28″N 7°09′48″E / 51.2578°N 7.1633°E / 51.2578; 7.1633 |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | WupperRhineNorth Sea |


title: Chambord station

abstract: Chambord station is a Via Rail station in Chambord, Quebec, Canada. It is located on Rue de la Gare and is staffed. Some older documents use the name Chambord Junction or Chambord Node. Chambord station is known for its clean safety record from 1911 to 1928, when there were no licensed safety inspectors.

text:
# Chambord station

**Chambord station** is a Via Rail station in Chambord, Quebec, Canada. It is located on Rue de la Gare and is staffed. Some older documents use the name Chambord Junction or Chambord Node. Chambord station is known for its clean safety record from 1911 to 1928, when there were no licensed safety inspectors.

*
* Via Rail station page for Chambord station
* "Chambord Junction station". *Rail.cc*. Retrieved 2024-07-08.

## InfoBox

| Chambord | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | 169 rue de la Gare,
Chambord, Quebec
Canada |
| Coordinates | 48°25′17″N 72°03′32″W / 48.4214°N 72.0589°W / 48.4214; -72.0589 |
| Platforms | 1 side platform |
| Tracks | 1 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Shelter |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Via Rail Following station  Lac-Bouchettetoward Montreal  Montreal–Jonquière  Hébertvilletoward Jonquière | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former services   Preceding station Canadian National Railway Following station  Desbienstoward Chicoutimi  QuebecChicoutimi  Lac à Belleytoward Quebec  Val Jalberttoward Dolbeau  ChambordDolbeau  *Terminus* | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Sir Arthur Pease, 1st Baronet

abstract: Sir Arthur Francis Pease, 1st Baronet, DL was an English coal owner and public servant. He was a member of the Quaker Pease family of Darlington, born in Hummersknott, a suburb of Darlington, the son of the coal owner and Member of Parliament Arthur Pease, and the brother of the politician Herbert Pike Pease, 1st Baron Daryngton. He was educated at Brighton College and Trinity College, Cambridge, and in 1888 joined the family firm, Pease & Partners Ltd, of which he later became chairman. Pease eventually also became chairman of Middlesbrough Estate Ltd, North-Eastern Improved Dwellings Company, William Whitwell & Co, and the Durham & North Yorkshire Public House Trust, and a director of the North Eastern Railway Company/London and North Eastern Railway Company, Lloyds Bank, Horden Collieries Ltd, the Forth Bridge Railway Company, the National Benzole Company, and a number of others. Pease was appointed a deputy lieutenant of County Durham in December 1906 and High Sheriff of Durham for 1920–21. He became prominent as a representative of the employers in negotiations with the Miners' Federation of Great Britain and favoured hard responses to worker militancy. He was a member of a number of government committees. He served as Additional Civil Lord of the Admiralty from 1918 to 1919, and for this he was created a baronet in the 1920 Birthday Honours. He rented Middleton Lodge in North Yorkshire, where he lived until his death. Pease died of a cerebral haemorrhage during a board meeting of Horden Collieries Ltd on 23 November 1927. On his death he was succeeded by his only son, Richard Arthur Pease. He also had three daughters, the youngest of whom, Elizabeth Frances, married Sir Frank O'Brien Wilson, a member of the Legislative Council of Kenya.

text:
# Sir Arthur Pease, 1st Baronet

**Sir Arthur Francis Pease, 1st Baronet**, DL (11 March 1866 – 23 November 1927) was an English coal owner and public servant.

He was a member of the Quaker Pease family of Darlington, born in Hummersknott, a suburb of Darlington, the son of the coal owner and Member of Parliament Arthur Pease, and the brother of the politician Herbert Pike Pease, 1st Baron Daryngton. He was educated at Brighton College and Trinity College, Cambridge, and in 1888 joined the family firm, Pease & Partners Ltd, of which he later became chairman.

Pease eventually also became chairman of Middlesbrough Estate Ltd, North-Eastern Improved Dwellings Company, William Whitwell & Co, and the Durham & North Yorkshire Public House Trust, and a director of the North Eastern Railway Company/London and North Eastern Railway Company, Lloyds Bank, Horden Collieries Ltd, the Forth Bridge Railway Company, the National Benzole Company, and a number of others.

Pease was appointed a deputy lieutenant of County Durham in December 1906 and High Sheriff of Durham for 1920–21. He became prominent as a representative of the employers in negotiations with the Miners' Federation of Great Britain and favoured hard responses to worker militancy. He was a member of a number of government committees. He served as Additional Civil Lord of the Admiralty from 1918 to 1919, and for this he was created a baronet in the 1920 Birthday Honours. He rented Middleton Lodge in North Yorkshire, where he lived until his death.

Pease died of a cerebral haemorrhage during a board meeting of Horden Collieries Ltd on 23 November 1927. On his death he was succeeded by his only son, Richard Arthur Pease. He also had three daughters, the youngest of whom, Elizabeth Frances, married Sir Frank O'Brien Wilson, a member of the Legislative Council of Kenya.

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

| Sir Arthur PeaseBt DL | |
| --- | --- |
| Arthur Pease, c. 1890 | |
|  | |
| Additional Civil Lord of the Admiralty | |
| **In office**
January 1918  March 1919 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Arthur Francis Pease
(1866-03-11)11 March 1866
Hummersknott, Darlington, County Durham, England |
| Died | 23 November 1927(1927-11-23) (aged 61) |
| Occupation | Coal owner |
|  | |


title: Dependency theory (database theory)

abstract: Dependency theory is a subfield of database theory which studies implication and optimization problems related to logical constraints, commonly called dependencies, on databases. The best known class of such dependencies are functional dependencies, which form the foundation of keys on database relations. Another important class of dependencies are the multivalued dependencies. A key algorithm in dependency theory is the chase, and much of the theory is devoted to its study.

text:
# Dependency theory (database theory)

**Dependency theory** is a subfield of database theory which studies implication and optimization problems related to logical constraints, commonly called dependencies, on databases. The best known class of such dependencies are functional dependencies, which form the foundation of keys on database relations. Another important class of dependencies are the multivalued dependencies. A key algorithm in dependency theory is the chase, and much of the theory is devoted to its study.

## Dependencies

Some recognized dependency types are:


title: Carenum elegans

abstract: Carenum elegans is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae, tribe Scaritini and subtribe Carenina. It was described by William John Macleay in 1864 from Port Denison, Western Australia.

text:
# Carenum elegans

***Carenum elegans*** is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae, tribe Scaritini and subtribe Carenina. It was described by William John Macleay in 1864 from Port Denison, Western Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Carenum elegans* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Carenum* |
| Species: | ***C. elegans*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Carenum elegans***<br>W. J. Macleay, 1864 | |
|


abstract: The Federation of Independent Trade Unions (FITU) was a national trade union federation in South Africa. The federation was established in March 1991 by a variety of trade unions. Its largest affiliates were all skilled unions focused on white workers, which had been part of the former Trade Union Council of South Africa (TUCSA). This led to controversy, and when they elected a white general secretary, Willie Coetzee, some affiliates resigned, arguing that it simply represented a refounding of the TUCSA. By 1994, FITU claimed 24 affiliates, with a total of 236,000 members. These affiliates included the South African Typographical Union, the South African Boilermakers' Society, and the Amalgamated Union of Building Trade Workers of South Africa. In 1997, most of its affiliates transferred to the new Federation of Unions of South Africa, and FITU then dissolved.

text:
# Federation of Independent Trade Unions (South Africa)

The **Federation of Independent Trade Unions** (FITU) was a national trade union federation in South Africa.

The federation was established in March 1991 by a variety of trade unions. Its largest affiliates were all skilled unions focused on white workers, which had been part of the former Trade Union Council of South Africa (TUCSA). This led to controversy, and when they elected a white general secretary, Willie Coetzee, some affiliates resigned, arguing that it simply represented a refounding of the TUCSA.

By 1994, FITU claimed 24 affiliates, with a total of 236,000 members. These affiliates included the South African Typographical Union, the South African Boilermakers' Society, and the Amalgamated Union of Building Trade Workers of South Africa. In 1997, most of its affiliates transferred to the new Federation of Unions of South Africa, and FITU then dissolved.

1. Adler, G.; Webster, E. (1997). *Bargained Liberalisation: The Labour Movement, Policy-Making and Transition in Zambia and South Africa* (PDF). University of the Witwatersrand. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
2. Murray, Martin J. (1994). *Revolution Deferred*. Verso. ISBN 9780860915775.
3. Bendix, Sonia (2001). *Industrial Relations in South Africa*. Juta. ISBN 9780702152795.


title: Shanghai–Woosung railway

abstract: The Shanghai–Woosung or Songhu railway was a standard-gauge railway in Shanghai, China. It was opened on September 1, 1898, and ran between the Old North Railway Station in the modern city's Zhabei District and Woosung in the modern Baoshan District. It is sometimes conflated with the earlier Woosung Road, whose route it principally shared. That railway had been purchased from its foreign owners – principally the British firm Jardine, Matheson, & Company – in 1876 and dismantled for reuse in the Taiwanese coal fields. Sheng Xuanhuai established a new railroad generally along the same path as the old one, although the station was moved over a few streets to the Old North Station. The Songhu was also extended north into Woosung proper and additional stations opened. The line was badly damaged during World War II. The route was eventually incorporated in the Shanghai Metro's Line 3. The former North Station is now the site of the Shanghai Railway Museum and another memorial was placed at the site of the former terminus beside Line 3's Songbin Road station.

text:
# Shanghai–Woosung railway

The **ShanghaiWoosung** or **Songhu railway** was a standard-gauge railway in Shanghai, China. It was opened on September 1, 1898, and ran between the Old North Railway Station in the modern city's Zhabei District and Woosung in the modern Baoshan District.

It is sometimes conflated with the earlier Woosung Road, whose route it principally shared. That railway had been purchased from its foreign owners  principally the British firm Jardine, Matheson, & Company  in 1876 and dismantled for reuse in the Taiwanese coal fields. Sheng Xuanhuai established a new railroad generally along the same path as the old one, although the station was moved over a few streets to the Old North Station. The Songhu was also extended north into Woosung proper and additional stations opened.

The line was badly damaged during World War II. The route was eventually incorporated in the Shanghai Metro's Line 3. The former North Station is now the site of the Shanghai Railway Museum and another memorial was placed at the site of the former terminus beside Line 3's Songbin Road station.

1. Shanghai Municipal Government. Office of Shanghai Chronicles. "July 3".

## InfoBox

Songhu railway
| Remains of Tiantong'an railway station on the Shanghai-Woosung railway | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Locale | Shanghai, China |
| Dates of operation | 1898 |
| Predecessor | Woosung railway |
| Successor | Huning railway |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) standard gauge |
| Length | 16 km (10 mi) |
| Route map | |


title: Choi Wan West (constituency)

abstract: Choi Wan West is one of the 25 constituencies in the Wong Tai Sin District in Hong Kong. The constituency returns one district councillor to the Wong Tai Sin District Council, with an election every four years. The constituency has an estimated population of 13,371.

text:
# Choi Wan West (constituency)

| Choi Wan West | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 彩雲西 |
| Transcriptions  Yue: Cantonese  Yale Romanization Chói wàhn sāi  Jyutping Coi5 wan4 sai1 | |
|  | |

**Choi Wan West** is one of the 25 constituencies in the Wong Tai Sin District in Hong Kong. The constituency returns one district councillor to the Wong Tai Sin District Council, with an election every four years.

The constituency has an estimated population of 13,371.

## Councillors represented

| Election | | Member | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1999 | Chui Pak-tai | Frontier |
|  | *2008* | | Democratic |
|  | 2011 | Tam Mei-po | DAB/FTU |
|  | 2019 | Chan Lee-shing→vacant | Democratic |
|

## Election results

### 2010s

Wong Tai Sin District Council Election, 2019: Choi Wan West
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | Chan Lee-shing | 3,501 | 54.39 |  |
|  | FTU (DAB) | Tam Mei-po | 2,936 | 45.61 |  |
| Majority | | | 565 | 8.78 |  |
| Turnout | | | 6,491 | 71.38 |  |
|  | Democratic **gain** from FTU | | Swing |  |  |

## InfoBox

| Choi Wan West | |
| --- | --- |
| Elected constituency<br>for the Wong Tai Sin District Council | |
| Boundary of Choi Wan Westin Wong Tai Sin District | |
| District | Wong Tai Sin |
| Legislative Council constituency | Kowloon East |
| Population | 13,371 (2019) |
| Electorate | 9,099 (2019) |
| Current constituency | |
| Created | 1999 |
| Number of members | One |
| Member(s) | (Vacant) |


title: Benjamin Vaughan (bishop)

abstract:
Benjamin Noel Young Vaughan was an Anglican priest. He was born on Christmas Day 1917,
the son of a Newport alderman, and took a first class degree in Classics at St David's University College, Lampeter. He then moved to St Edmund Hall, Oxford, where he achieved a second class degree in Theology, and Westcott House, Cambridge, where he trained for ordination. Ordained in 1943, he served two curacies, in Llannon and Carmarthen - before going in 1948 to teach theology at Codrington College in Barbados, the main centre of Anglican theological training in the Caribbean. Several of his students went on to become bishops in the Church in the Province of the West Indies. After four years there, he returned to his alma mater at University of Wales, Lampeter to teach Old Testament and doctrine, from 1952 to 1955. He was Rector of Holy Trinity Cathedral, Port of Spain and Dean of Trinidad from 1955 to 1961; and Bishop Suffragan of Mandeville from 1961 to 1967. From 1967 until 1971 he served as Bishop of British Honduras. In 1971 he returned to Britain, and became dean of Bangor and assistant bishop in the Bangor diocese, giving assistance to the Archbishop of Wales, Gwilym Williams. In 1976 Vaughan was elected Bishop of Swansea and Brecon, a post that he held until his retirement in 1987. Vaughan was affectionately referred to by his clergy as Beniamin Fychan in allusion to the Welsh of Psalm 68, v.27. He died on 5 August 2003, aged 85.

text:
# Benjamin Vaughan (bishop)

**Benjamin Noel Young Vaughan** (25 December 1917  5 August 2003) was an Anglican priest.

He was born on Christmas Day 1917, the son of a Newport alderman, and took a first class degree in Classics at St David's University College, Lampeter. He then moved to St Edmund Hall, Oxford, where he achieved a second class degree in Theology, and Westcott House, Cambridge, where he trained for ordination.

Ordained in 1943, he served two curacies, in Llannon and Carmarthen \- before going in 1948 to teach theology at Codrington College in Barbados, the main centre of Anglican theological training in the Caribbean. Several of his students went on to become bishops in the Church in the Province of the West Indies. After four years there, he returned to his alma mater at University of Wales, Lampeter to teach Old Testament and doctrine, from 1952 to 1955. He was Rector of Holy Trinity Cathedral, Port of Spain and Dean of Trinidad from 1955 to 1961; and Bishop Suffragan of Mandeville from 1961 to 1967. From 1967 until 1971 he served as Bishop of British Honduras (now the Anglican Diocese of Belize).

In 1971 he returned to Britain, and became dean of Bangor and assistant bishop in the Bangor diocese, giving assistance to the Archbishop of Wales, Gwilym Williams.

In 1976 Vaughan was elected Bishop of Swansea and Brecon, a post that he held until his retirement in 1987. Vaughan was affectionately referred to by his clergy as Beniamin Fychan (Welsh 'bychan' meaning small, in its mutated form 'fychan' from which the name Vaughan derives) in allusion to the Welsh of Psalm 68, v.27.

He died on 5 August 2003, aged 85.


title: Signet Solar

abstract: Signet Solar is a defunct solar company that was established in 2006 in Menlo Park, California. They produced photovoltaic modules, and have manufacturing plants in India and Germany. The modules are made using thin film silicon technology on large area glass substrates, referred to as Gen 8.5. They filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 2012.

text:
# Signet Solar

**Signet Solar** is a defunct solar company that was established in 2006 in Menlo Park, California. They produced photovoltaic modules, and have manufacturing plants in India and Germany. The modules are made using thin film silicon technology on large area (5.7 m2 (61 sq ft)) glass substrates, referred to as Gen 8.5. They filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 2012.

## India

Signet Solar India, started in 2007, was planning to have the capacity to produce 300 MWp/year by 2012. The factory was located near Chennai.

## Germany

The plant in Mochau, near Dresden, began production in 2008 and was expected to have the capacity to produce 120 MWp/year by 2010.

## New Mexico

In December, plans were announced to begin construction of a plant in Belen, New Mexico, with an initial capacity of 65 MWp/year when it was to be completed in 2010, and an eventual capacity of 300 MWp/year. The plant was located in a 6,000 acres (2,400 ha) master planned industrial and residential community, called Rancho Cielo, and was expected to provide the panels for a 700 acres (280 ha), 600 MW solar farm, to provide the majority of the power for the community.


title: John Stephens Wood

abstract: John Stephens Wood was an American attorney and politician from the state of Georgia, United States. He served as a Democrat in the United States House of Representatives, 1931–1935 and 1945–1953.

text:
# John Stephens Wood

**John Stephens Wood** (February 8, 1885 – September 12, 1968) was an American attorney and politician from the state of Georgia, United States. He served as a Democrat in the United States House of Representatives, 1931–1935 and 1945–1953.

## Early life, education and career

Wood was born on a farm near Ball Ground, Cherokee County, Georgia, February 8, 1885. He attended the public schools and graduated from North Georgia Agricultural College in Dahlonega. He earned his law degree from Mercer University in Macon in 1910. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced the practice of law in Jasper, Georgia, the county seat of Pickens County.

## Career

In 1915, Wood turned up at the scene of the lynching of Leo Frank, Jewish factory owner in Atlanta, with Judge Newt Morris on the morning after the murder. He drove the vehicle in which Frank's body was conveyed to the undertaker. Whether he had any prior knowledge of or involvement with the lynching is open to dispute, as he and Morris may have been simply trying to ensure Frank's body had a decent burial.

Entering politics, Wood was a member of the Georgia House of Representatives in 1917; served as Solicitor General of the Blue Ridge Judicial Circuit, 1921–1925. He was elected as a Superior Court Judge, Blue Ridge Judicial Circuit, 1925–1931.

In 1931, Wood was elected as a Democrat from Georgia's 9th congressional district to the 72nd United States Congress and was reelected to the 73rd Congress (March 4, 1931 – January 3, 1935). He was unsuccessful in seeking renomination in 1934 and resumed the practice of law.

Ten years later, in 1944, Wood was elected to the 79th United States Congress serving until the 82nd Congress (January 3, 1945 – January 3, 1953). As chairman of the House Un-American Activities Committee, he had a prominent role in investigating the American Communist Party and the entertainment industry; the committee charged 10 persons with contempt of Congress for refusing to testify, and their careers and reputations were severely damaged in what was called the Hollywood Blacklist.

Wood was criticized for failing to investigate the Ku Klux Klan in the same period, as it was expanding in chapters in opposition to civil rights activism by African-Americans.

## Later years

Wood did not seek reelection in 1952 and he resumed the practice of law in Canton, Georgia. Finally, failing health forced his retirement. Wood died in Marietta, Georgia, September 12, 1968, and was interred in Arlington Memorial Park, Sandy Springs, Georgia.

* United States Congress. "John Stephens Wood (id: W000699)". *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*.
* John Stephens Wood at Find a Grave

## InfoBox

| John Stephens Wood | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Georgia's 9th district | |
| **In office**
January 3, 1945  January 3, 1953 | |
| Preceded by | B. Frank Whelchel |
| Succeeded by | Phillip M. Landrum |
| **In office**
March 4, 1931  January 3, 1935 | |
| Preceded by | Thomas Montgomery Bell |
| Succeeded by | B. Frank Whelchel |
| Member of the Georgia House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
1917 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1885-02-08)February 8, 1885
Cherokee County, Georgia |
| Died | September 12, 1968(1968-09-12) (aged 83)
Marietta, Georgia |
| Political party | Democratic Party |
| Alma mater | Mercer University |
|  | |


title: Simplon Railway

abstract: The Simplon Railway is a line that links Lausanne in Switzerland and Domodossola in Italy, via Brig. The 20 km (12 mi)-long Simplon Tunnel is a major part of it. The line between Lausanne and Vallorbe is sometimes considered to form part of the line, making it 233 km (145 mi) long. Together with the Lötschberg Railway to its north, it forms the second most important trans-Alpine railway line in Switzerland after the Gotthard Railway, which lies to its east and is about 240 km (150 mi) long. ETCS level 2 is expected to be installed on the line between Lausanne and Brig before 2022.

text:
# Simplon Railway

The **Simplon Railway** is a line that links Lausanne in Switzerland and Domodossola in Italy, via Brig. The 20 km (12 mi)-long Simplon Tunnel (opened in 1906) is a major part of it. The line between Lausanne and Vallorbe is sometimes considered to form part of the line, making it 233 km (145 mi) long.

Together with the Lötschberg Railway to its north, it forms the second most important trans-Alpine railway line in Switzerland after the Gotthard Railway, which lies to its east and is about 240 km (150 mi) long.

ETCS level 2 is expected to be installed on the line between Lausanne and Brig before 2022.

## History

### Vallorbe–Lausanne

The CossonayBussigny-près-Lausanne section was opened in 1855 by the Compagnie de l'Ouest-Suisse (West Switzerland Company, OS) as part of the construction of the Jura Foot Railway. The Bussigny–Lausanne connecting curve was opened in 1856. The Jougne-Eclépens Railway started work on the Cossonay–Vallorbe section in 1870. A cross-border connection to the French rail network was opened in 1875 with the completion of the tunnel under the Col de Jougne. However, the trains from France to Switzerland had to make a zig zag turn until 1915, when the opening of the Mont d’Or Tunnel and the new line to Frasne created a direct route. The SNCF initially maintained the line to Pontarlier via the Tunnel de Jougne, but this suffered significant damage in the Second World War, including the blowing up of the Tunnel de Jougne by the French army, and it was not rebuilt.

### Lausanne–Brig

The first section of the line went in operation on 10 June 1857 when the *Compagnie de l'Ouest Suisse* opened the VilleneuveBex section. The line was completed by the OS, the *Compagnie de la Ligne d'Italie* ("Company of the Italian line") and the *Compagnie du chemin de fer du Simplon* ("Simplon Railway Company") in subsequent stages, ending with the closing of the LeukBrig gap in 1878. The upgrade to two continuous tracks between Lausanne and Brig was completed in 2004.

The construction of the Lötschberg Railway was completed in 1913 and, in preparation, Brig was upgraded to be a junction station. After 1919, the Sion–Brig section was electrified at 3000 Volt 16 Hertz three phase, but between 1923 and 1927 the line was electrified throughout at the modern SBB standard single-phase 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC system.

With the opening of the Lötschberg Base Tunnel in 2007, Visp station became an interchange station between services from the Bern region to Zermatt and services towards Sion. Since then all trains to and from the Base Tunnel have run over the Simplon line between Visp and Domodossola.

### Brig–Domodossola

The first tube of the Simplon Tunnel was completed after eight years of construction and, along with the continuation of the line to Domodossola, it was opened in 1906. The connection to Domodossola included the *Varzo elicoidale*, which was probably the longest spiral tunnel in the world. The Simplon tunnel was electrified with 3000 Volt 16 Hertz three-phase AC power from the beginning of operations until 1930.

The second tube of the Simplon tunnel was built between 1912 and 1921 and opened to traffic in 1922.

In 1930, the route from Brig to Domodossola was electrified throughout with the standard Swiss system of 15 kV/1623 Hz AC, which with its high voltage better suited the steep south ramp than the Italian 3,000 Volt DC system. The dispatcher at the nearby Italian south ramp (Iselle–Domodossola) has worked under Swiss regulations since the establishment of the SBB. Until the electrification in 1930, the 2.5 percent grade on the section was worked by steam, using a large number of C 5/6 locomotives that had been reallocated to the Brig depot after the electrification of the Gotthard Railway. The section, which is equipped with the Swiss train protection system belongs to Ferrovie dello Stato (FS), which also provides the ground personnel. Even in the 21st century, with open access, the majority of traffic on the Italian section is hauled by Swiss locomotives.

Since 1992, there has been a single-track link, electrified on the Swiss system, from Domodossola I station to the Domodossola II marshalling yard to provide access for Swiss locomotives. The marshalling yard mainly provides changes of traction for through freight trains.

## Operations

Since the closure of the Trans Europ Express service from Paris to Milan, only nightly passenger trains have run the full distance. These trains are operated by Trenitalia under the name of *Thello* and run on the Paris–Dijon–Milan–Venice route, which was also used by the former Venice-Simplon Orient Express. These services are operated with ETR 610 stock.

### Long-distance services

Between Vallorbe and Lausanne long-distance TGV services run to/from Paris, which are extended in the winter season to Brig. Between Cossonay and Bussigny or Lausanne the route is still operated by ICN trains, which run over the Jura Foot Railway. Between Lausanne and Brig, InterRegio services run to and from Geneva Airport. Between Lausanne and Domodossola, EuroCity services run from Geneva to Milan or Venice. With the opening of the Lötschberg Base Tunnel in 2007, InterCity services running on the Romanshorn–Brig route and EuroCity services running on the Basel–Milan route use the section between the south portal in Visp and the north portal of the Simplon Tunnel in Brig.

### Regional services

In the Rhone Valley Regional services run from Brig to Sion or Saint-Gingolph. In addition, five of the seven lines of the RéseauExpressVaudois run on sections of the Simplon railway between Lausanne and Renens. The S2 runs between Vallorbe and Lausanne, the S1 between Cossonay and Villeneuve, the S3 between Renens and Villeneuve, the S4 between Renens and Lausanne and the S11 between Cossonay and Lausanne.

### Freight

Freight trains run on the line.

## List of Inter-City/Inter-Regional services

| Station | French | German | Italian | Distance (km) | Lyria | IR90 | EuroCity | IR (Lötschberger) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Vallorbe | Vallorbe | Vallorbe | Vallorbe | 46.30 |  |  |  |  |
| Lausanne CFF | Lausanne | Lausanne | Losanna | 0.00 |  |  |  |  |
| Vevey | Vevey | Vivis | Vevey | 18.40 |  |  |  |  |
| Montreux | Montreux | Montreux | Montreux | 24.54 |  |  |  |  |
| Aigle | Aigle | Älen | Aigle | 39.31 |  |  |  |  |
| Saint-Maurice | Saint-Maurice | Sankt-Moritz | Saint-Maurice | 51.56 |  |  |  |  |
| Martigny | Martigny | Martinach | Martigny | 66.50 |  |  |  |  |
| Sion | Sion | Sitten | Seduno | 92.43 |  |  |  |  |
| Sierre/Siders | Sierre | Siders | Sierre | 108.13 |  |  |  |  |
| Leuk | Loèche | Leuk | Leuk | 117.58 |  |  |  |  |
| Visp | Viège | Visp | Visp(a) | 136.66 |  |  |  |  |
| Brig | Brigue | Brig | Brig(a) | 145.55 |  |  |  |  |
| Domodossola | Domodossola | Domodossola | Domodossola | 0.00 |  |  |  |  |

## Route

### Vallorbe–Lausanne

The line includes the section from the border station of Vallorbe to its northern connection to the RFF line from Dijon. After crossing the Le Day Viaduct, the line reaches the station of the village of Le Day. Immediately afterwards is the junction to the Vallorbe–Le Brassus railway line to Le Brassus. Between the stations of La Sarraz and Cossonay, the Jura Foot Railway from Olten connects with the line. The two routes run together to Bussigny, where there is connection to the line to Geneva at a wye junction. This allows trains running between the Jura Foot Railway and Geneva to avoid reversing at Lausanne. The line reaches Lausanne via Renens.

### Lausanne–Brig

After Lausanne station, the line to Fribourg and Bern branches off to the left in the middle of the SBB rolling stock depot, while the Simplon line remains on the shore of Lake Geneva. Some Lavaux communities have stations on both lines, such as Pully (*Pully* and *Pully Nord*) or Lutry (*Lutry* and *La Conversion*).

Vevey is reached via Pully, Lutry and Cully. The Vevey–Chexbres railway line, which ends here, is a one-track connection to the line to Bern and can also function as a bypass of Lausanne for the Simplon Railway, but it is rarely used as such. In addition, the narrow-gauge Vevey–Les Pléiades railway line runs from here to Les Pléiades.

The line reaches Montreux via La Tour-de-Peilz, Burier, and Clarens (which is within the Montreux municipal boundary); it is the only Swiss station with three different gauges. Here, the Montreux–Glion–Rochers-de-Naye railway line branches off to Rochers de Naye and the Montreux–Lenk im Simmental line to Lenk.

After Montreux, the line runs past Chillon Castle and the former Hôtel Byron to Villeneuve. Three narrow gauge lines branch off in Aigle to Leysin, Les Diablerets and Champéry. In Bex, the narrow-gauge Bex–Villars–Bretaye Railway runs to the Col-de-Bretaye. The line from Saint-Gingolph connects with the Simplon line in Saint-Maurice. The line then reaches Martigny, where two lines branch off. Both are operated by the TMR, the narrow gauge Martigny–Châtelard Railway towards Chamonix and a standard gauge line to Orsières with a branch to Le Châble. A few kilometres later, the line reaches Sion and shortly later Sierre, before reaching the language border between French and German. The first stop in the Upper Valais is Leuk. In Visp station there is a connection to the Matterhorn-Gotthard-Bahn (MGB) from Zermatt and the Lötschberg Base Tunnel connects with the line. The MGB runs from Brig, where the Lötschberg Mountain Railway connects with the Simplon line towards the Upper Valais.

### Brig–Domodossola

After Brig, the line runs into the Simplon Tunnel, in the middle of which is the national border between Switzerland and Italy. The tunnel ends at Iselle di Trasquera where, as in Brig, there is a terminal for the carriage of cars through the tunnel. This is followed by the 1.7 km-long Trasquera Tunnel and the 3.0 km-long Varzo Spiral Tunnel. The line reaches Domodossola via the halts of Varzo and Preglia. The catenary of the section on Italian territory is built to the Italian overhead line standards—but it is charged at 15 kV / 16.7 Hz AC. The signals comply with SBB standards. The trains continue from Domodossola over the Domodossola–Milan railway, which is owned by the Italian infrastructure company RFI.

### Footnotes

### Sources

* Wägli, Hans G. (2010). *Schienennetz Schweiz und Bahnprofil Schweiz CH+* (in German). Zürich: AS Verlag. ISBN 978-3-909111-74-9.

## InfoBox

| Simplon Railway | |
| --- | --- |
| 1928 poster, showing the line passing the Chateau du Chillon | |
| Overview | |
| Native name | Simplonstrecke or Simplonlinie |
| Termini |  |
| Technical | |
| Line length | 232.5 km (144.5 mi) |
| Number of tracks | 2 |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) standard gauge |
| Electrification | 15 kV/16.7 Hz AC overhead catenary |
| Operating speed | 160 km/h (99 mph) (Passenger trains) 140 km/h (87 mph) (Freight trains)<br>200 km/h (120 mph) (Planned for 2030) |
| Route map | |


title: Desmoglein-3

abstract: Desmoglein-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DSG3 gene. In the skin epidermis Desmoglein-3 is expressed in the basal lower layers of the epidermis, and dominates in terms of expression on mucosal surfaces compared to Desmoglein-1.

text:
# Desmoglein-3

**Desmoglein-3** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *DSG3* gene. In the skin epidermis Desmoglein-3 is expressed in the basal lower layers of the epidermis, and dominates in terms of expression on mucosal surfaces compared to Desmoglein-1.

## Function

Desmosomes are cell-cell junctions between epithelial, myocardial, and certain other cell types. Desmoglein 3 is a calcium-binding transmembrane glycoprotein component of desmosomes in vertebrate epithelial cells. Currently, four desmoglein subfamily members have been identified and all are members of the cadherin cell adhesion molecule superfamily. These desmoglein gene family members are located in a cluster on chromosome 18. This protein, along with Desmoglein-1, has been identified as the autoantigen of the autoimmune skin blistering disease pemphigus vulgaris. The mucosal dominant form of pemphigus vulgaris only involves antibodies against Desmoglein-3 and causes mucosal erosions, but no skin lesions. Desmoglein-3 serves as a prognostic marker of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC), and may even be involved in the progression of ESCC.

## Pathogenicity

Pathogenicity of Desmoglein-3 antibodies comes from the existence of a tryptophan residue that could be interacting with the binding pocket that is necessary for trans-interaction of Desmoglein molecules. Such antibodies can lead to the cause of skin disorders like pemphigus vulgaris.

## Interactions

Desmoglein 3 has been shown to interact with PKP3.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| DSG3 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Available structures  PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | DSG3, CDHF6, PVA, desmoglein 3, ABOLM | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 169615; MGI: 99499; HomoloGene: 55513; GeneCards: DSG3; OMA:DSG3 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001944   NM\_030596   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001935   NP\_085099   Location (UCSC) Chr 18: 31.45 – 31.48 Mb Chr 18: 20.64 – 20.68 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: The Sentimental Agent

abstract: The Sentimental Agent is a television drama series spin-off from Man of the World. It was produced in the United Kingdom in 1963 by Associated Television and distributed by ITC Entertainment. The series ran for 13 one-hour monochrome episodes. Some of the episodes were edited into the feature film Our Man in the Caribbean (1962).

text:
# The Sentimental Agent

***The Sentimental Agent*** is a television drama series spin-off from *Man of the World.* It was produced in the United Kingdom in 1963 by Associated Television and distributed by ITC Entertainment.

The series ran for 13 one-hour monochrome episodes. Some of the episodes were edited into the feature film *Our Man in the Caribbean* (1962).

## Plot

The series stars Carlos Thompson as Argentinian Carlos Varela, a successful import-export agent based in London.

Now based in London, Varela's company takes him into unusual and sometimes dangerous situations. Impeccably dressed, cigar smoking and using his wit, ingenuity, and charm, which would often involve a damsel in distress. Assisted by Chin, a resourceful Chinese manservant, and Miss Carter, an ultra-efficient secretary.

Later episodes introduced Bill Randall, a businessman, who became the boyfriend of Miss Carter and then an employee of Varela.

## Cast and characters

Carlos Thompson did not appear in production episodes 110, 111, 112, and only briefly at the beginning and end of 113.

Guest stars included: Warren Mitchell, Diana Rigg, Imogen Hassall, Patrick Troughton, Ann Bell, Carol Cleveland, Annette Andre, and Donald Sutherland.

## Episode list

Filmed on location and at Shepperton Studios

Airdate is for ATV London. ITV regions varied date and order.

Production number is of the Network DVD order.

| Episode# | Prod # | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original airdate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 101 | "All That Jazz" | Charles Frend | Julian Bond | 28 September 1963 (1963-09-28) |
| Carlos Varela takes responsibility for a jazz group, The Arthur Rogers Jaz Quintet, that his company has been transporting around Europe on tour when Major Harold Nelson of MI.5 informs him that the group are sending information to spies and he wants to know how. Stars Anthony Bushell, Peter Arne and Anneke Wills. | | | | | | |
| 2 | 102 | "The Beneficiary" | John Paddy Carstairs | Julian Bond | 5 October 1963 (1963-10-05) |
| A Korean wartime colleague of Varela sends him a prearranged distress signal from Lisbon that spells danger. The friend is murdered and Varela goes to Lisbon and finds he is the beneficiary of a supposed key to a safe deposit box containing secret research papers into the perfecting of a new laser beam, but there is no key and interested parties are prepared to kill to obtain the papers. Stars Michael Godfrey, Derek Francis, Lubna Aziz, Aubrey Morris, Bill Mitchell, Robert Rietti and David Graham. | | | | | | |
| 3 | 103 | "Express Delivery" | Charles Frend | Lindsay Hardy | 12 October 1963 (1963-10-12) |
| When on business in Poland, Varela finds he is being harassed by the police and decides to take the express train back to Vienna. He is befriended by a young girl, Katrina who wants to escape the iron curtain using Varela as cover but is she a spy and for which side? And who are their fellow passengers? Stars Ann Bell, Patrick Magee and Donald Morley. | | | | | | |
| 4 | 104 | "Never Play Cards with Strangers" | John Paddy Carstairs | Julian Bond | 19 October 1963 (1963-10-19) |
| Varela hears that passengers who booked a cruise from his agency have been fleeced of their savings playing bridge and decides to board the ship in Marseilles to give the cardsharps a taste of their own medicine. He takes the daughter whose parents were victims but the trouble is he cannot play bridge. Help is at hand from Chin. Stars Suzanna Leigh, Donald Stewart, Bessie Love, Hugh McDermott, and Jack Melford. | | | | | | |
| 5 | 105 | "May the Saints Preserve Us" | Charles Frend | Patrick Campbell | 26 October 1963 (1963-10-26) |
| Varela has the unusual job of shipping an ancient Irish border castle to Texas. The local illegal potcheen makers do not like the idea but the castle's secret blocked passageway between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland is a way to smuggle back a deported Irish writer, befriended by Varela, back into Britain. Stars Brian Phelan, Carol Cleveland, Godfrey Quigley and Kevin Flood. | | | | | | |
| 6 | 108 | "Meet My Son, Henry" | John Paddy Carstairs | Lindsay Hardy | 2 November 1963 (1963-11-02) |
| Henry, the son of one of Verela's clients, is a boy genius. When he buys an obscure book that has stolen top secret flight plans concealed within it, the thieves want the book and follow Henry on his way to Switzerland escorted by Miss Carter and Bill Randall who is employed by the boy's father. Stars John Turner, John Phillips, Glynn Edwards, Derren Nesbitt and Vladek Sheybal. | | | | | | |
| 7 | 107 | "A Little Sweetness and Light" | Harold French | Tudor Gates | 9 November 1963 (1963-11-09) |
| Informed that his business agent on a Greek island has been killed in a motoring accident, Varela investigates the man's death and the loss of business, and discovers the island and its bandit leader have come under the influence of gangster deported from Chicago. Stars Patrick Allen, Zena Marshall, Patrick Newell, Martin Miller and Eileen Way. | | | | | | |
| 8 | 110 | "The Height of Fashion" | Charles Frend | Peter and Betty Lambda | 16 November 1963 (1963-11-16) |
| Varela is abroad when Miss Carter is left with the problem of 30,000 unwanted horse blankets. Bill Randall visiting her for a dinner date takes over and with the help of a top model enters the cutthroat world of fashion and the forthcoming wedding of a royal princess. Stars Sue Lloyd, Dennis Price, Warren Mitchell and Anton Rodgers. | | | | | | |
| 9 | 109 | "A Very Desirable Plot" | Harry Booth | Brian Clemens | 23 November 1963 (1963-11-23) |
| When a conman is selling worthless plots of land in the Bahamas for which Mercury International is supplying prefabricated houses, the victims complain and Varela heads to the Bahamas to sort out the problem. Stars William Mervyn, Paul Maxwell, Diana Rigg, David Healy and Donald Sutherland. | | | | | | |
| 10 | 111 | "Finishing School" | Harry Fine | Peter and Betty Lambda | 30 November 1963 (1963-11-30) |
| Valera is in New York when a young girl goes missing from an exclusive ladies' finishing school where he is a school governor. Bill Randall, staying at Valera's London office, steps in to investigate at the headmistress's request. Stars Annette Andre, Susan Clark, Helen Cherry, and Andrew Ray. | | | | | | |
| 11 | 106 | "The Scroll of Islam" | John Paddy Carstairs | Jack Davies | 7 December 1963 (1963-12-07) |
| Varela is intrigued when two professors approach him to obtain photographs of a relic contained within a priceless casket, which could prove more important than the Dead Sea scrolls. It means entering a small sheikdom with the help of the sheik's son, who has expensive tastes. Stars William Sylvester, Patrick Troughton, Frank Thornton, Alan Gifford, Clifford Elkin and Terence Brook. | | | | | | |
| 12 | 112 | "Not Quite Fully Covered" | Charles Frend | Leslie Harris and Roger East | 14 December 1963 (1963-12-14) |
| Valera is away and Bill Randall, now employed by Mercury International, goes to Beirut to escort a girl back to London but she has a priceless collection of French antiques and furniture she had smuggled from her homeland. To transport the goods requires a large insurance premium that the girl does not have. Randall agrees for Mercury International to pay the premium but the cargo is lost at sea. Stars Keith Baxter, Imogen Hassall, Reginald Beckwith, Cyril Shaps and Charles Lloyd-Pack. | | | | | | |
| 13 | 113 | "A Box of Tricks" | Harold French | Ian Stuart Black | 21 December 1963 (1963-12-21) |
| An £11 million gift, dollars for Europe, for the poor of Palabria is refused unless the five man committee each receive an expected bribe but a government inspector is investigating corruption. Varela is on a cruise so Bill Randall and Chin go to Palabria to pay the bribes under the inspector's nose. Stars Ferdy Mayne, Gary Raymond, Walter Gotell, George Pastell, Zena Marshall and Robert Rietti. | | | | | | |

## Music

The series' theme music, "Carlos' Theme", was written by Ivor Slaney who was also the director of incidental music using some musical cues of Edwin Astley.

Slaney released "Carlos' Theme" as a single in September 1963 on the HMV record label, as did Johnny Keating in January 1964 on the Piccadilly label, but neither version reached the charts.

## DVD release

Network released the 13 episodes on DVD in April 2010.

## InfoBox

| *The Sentimental Agent* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Created by | Leslie Harris |
| Starring | Carlos Thompson
John Turner
Burt Kwouk
Clemence Bettany |
| Theme music composer | Ivor Slaney |
| Composers | Ivor Slaney
Edwin Astley |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Original language | English |
| No. of series | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 13 (list of episodes) |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Leslie Harris |
| Producer | Harry Fine |
| Cinematography | Brendan J. Stafford |
| Running time | 49 mins |
| Production company | ATV |
| Original release | |
| Network | ITV |
| Release | 28 September (1963-09-28)
21 December 1963 (1963-12-21) |
| Related | |
| Man of the World | |


title: Carenum episcopale

abstract: Carenum episcopale is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Castelnau in 1867.

text:
# Carenum episcopale

***Carenum episcopale*** is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Castelnau in 1867.

## InfoBox

| *Carenum episcopale* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Carenum* |
| Species: | ***C. episcopale*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Carenum episcopale***<br>(Laporte, 1867) | |
|