title: Cocoyam

abstract:
Cocoyam is a common name for more than one tropical root crop and vegetable crop belonging to the Arum family and may refer to:
  - Taro – old cocoyam
  - Malanga – new cocoyam Cocoyams are herbaceous perennial plants belonging to the family Araceae and are grown primarily for their edible roots, although all parts of the plant are edible. Cocoyams that are cultivated as food crops belong to either the genus Colocasia or the genus Xanthosoma and are generally composed of a large spherical corm, from which a few large leaves emerge. The petioles of the leaves stand erect and can reach lengths in excess of one metre. The leaf blades are large and heart-shaped and can reach 50 centimetres in length. The corm produces lateral buds that give rise to side-corms or stolons depending on the species and variety. Cocoyams commonly reach in excess of one metre in height and although they are perennials, they are often grown as annuals, harvested after one season. Colocasia species may also be referred to as taro, old cocoyam, arrowroot, eddoe, macabo, kontomire or dasheen and originate from the region of Southeast Asia. Xanthosoma species may be referred to as tannia, yautia, new cocoyam or Chinese taro and originate from Central and South America.

text:
# Cocoyam

**Cocoyam** is a common name for more than one tropical root crop and vegetable crop belonging to the Arum family (also known as Aroids and by the family name *Araceae*) and may refer to:

* Taro (*Colocasia esculenta*)  old cocoyam
* Malanga (*Xanthosoma* spp.)  new cocoyam

Cocoyams are herbaceous perennial plants belonging to the family Araceae and are grown primarily for their edible roots, although all parts of the plant are edible. Cocoyams that are cultivated as food crops belong to either the genus Colocasia or the genus Xanthosoma and are generally composed of a large spherical corm (swollen underground storage stem), from which a few large leaves emerge.

The petioles of the leaves (leaf stems) stand erect and can reach lengths in excess of one metre (three feet). The leaf blades are large and heart-shaped and can reach 50 centimetres (20 inches) in length. The corm produces lateral buds that give rise to side-corms (cormels, suckers) or stolons (long runners, creeping rhizomes) depending on the species and variety. Cocoyams commonly reach in excess of one metre (three feet) in height and although they are perennials, they are often grown as annuals, harvested after one season. Colocasia species may also be referred to as taro, old cocoyam, arrowroot, eddoe, macabo, kontomire or dasheen and originate from the region of Southeast Asia. Xanthosoma species may be referred to as tannia, yautia, new cocoyam or Chinese taro and originate from Central and South America.


abstract: Flaherty Hall is one of the newest of the 32 Residence Halls on the campus of the University of Notre Dame and one of the 15 female dorms. It is located on East Quad, between Knott Hall and McCourtney Hall. Built in 2016 together with its twin dorm Dunne Hall, it was the first dorm built since Ryan Hall in 2009. The coat of arms is taken form the Flaherty family, with the bears replacing the Flaherty dragons.

text:
# Flaherty Hall (University of Notre Dame)

**Flaherty Hall** is one of the newest of the 32 Residence Halls on the campus of the University of Notre Dame and one of the 15 female dorms. It is located on East Quad, between Knott Hall and McCourtney Hall. Built in 2016 together with its twin dorm Dunne Hall, it was the first dorm built since Ryan Hall in 2009. The coat of arms is taken form the Flaherty family, with the bears (the hall mascot) replacing the Flaherty dragons.

## History

It was built in 2015-2016, it opened for the Fall 2016 semester. It was constructed with 20 million dollars donated by Jay Flaherty, a 1979 graduate of Notre Dame and a member of the university's board of trustees. Flaherty served for 11 years as chairman and chief executive officer of HCP, Inc.

Flaherty served for 11 years as chairman and CEO of HCP, the third largest REIT in the United States, and currently serves as managing director of a real estate joint venture with NorthStar Asset Management. Flaherty Hall is dedicated to Mary Hesburgh Flaherty, a 1979 Notre Dame graduate from one of the first classes to include women. She is a member of Notre Dame's Undergraduate Experience Advisory Council She is also the niece of the late Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh, C.S.C.

## Features

The building was built in the neo-gothic style used for other recent constructions at Notre Dame. The chapel is visible from the outside, unlike many other dorms whose chapel is inside the building. The chapel is named after Mary, Queen of Angels. Flaherty Hall is approximately 71,000 square feet. Student rooms will host 226 students, and rooms feature singles, doubles, quads. Half of each first floor is devoted to community spaces, featuring a two-story floor lounge, reading room, and study areas. Additional space will include pass-through floor lounges on the second, third and fourth floors, designed to promote gathering in community. The building has full kitchens adjoined to the lounge on every floor.

It opened in the fall of 2016, and it hosted the community incoming from Pangborn Hall. The colors, Lavender and Navy, and mascot, Bears, were chosen by popular vote by the residents.

## InfoBox

| Flaherty Hall | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Campus quad | East |
| Coordinates | 41°42′13″N 86°13′58″W / 41.7035°N 86.2328°W / 41.7035; -86.2328 |
| Motto | Fortuna Audaces Iuvat (Latin) |
| Motto in English | Fortune Favors the Brave |
| Established | 2016 |
| Named for | Mary Hesburgh Flaherty |
| Colors | Lavender and Navy |
| Gender | Female |
| Rector | Sr. Mary Donnelly, O.P. |
| Benefactor | Jay Flaherty '79 |
| Undergraduates | 226 |
| Chapel | Mary, Queen of Angels |
| Mascot | FlaherBears |
| Interhall sports | Interhall Flag Football |
| Charities | TBD |
| Major events | Flaherty Fair (benefiting the Robinson Community Learning Center) |
| Website | Home Page |


abstract: The Southern Illinois Salukis men's basketball team represents Southern Illinois University Carbondale in Carbondale, Illinois. The Salukis compete in the NCAA Division 1, and they play their home games at Banterra Center. As of March 2024, former South Dakota State and Wright State coach, Scott Nagy, has become the newest head coach of the Southern Illinois basketball program.

text:
# Southern Illinois Salukis men's basketball

The **Southern Illinois Salukis men's basketball** team represents Southern Illinois University Carbondale in Carbondale, Illinois. The Salukis compete in the NCAA Division 1, and they play their home games at Banterra Center. As of March 2024, former South Dakota State and Wright State coach, Scott Nagy, has become the newest head coach of the Southern Illinois basketball program.

## History

Prior to joining the NCAA, the Salukis competed in the NAIA men's basketball. Appearing five times, with a combined tournament record of 9 wins and 4 losses. Most notable tournament appearances came in 1945, in which the Salukis finished third, and then the following year in the 1946 tournament where the Salukis were NAIA national champions. The Salukis would not place again in the following three tournament appearances in 1947, 1948, 1960.

In 1967, SIU, led by guard Walt Frazier, who went on to be named one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History, won the National Invitation Tournament under coach Jack Hartman. At the time, the tournament was considered much more prestigious than it is today. The Salukis were members of the College Division (now Division II) and were therefore ineligible to compete for the NCAA Division I Tournament.

In 1977, future NBA player Mike Glenn led the Salukis to the NCAA Division I Tournament Sweet Sixteen.

From 1993 to 1995, SIU advanced to three straight NCAA Division I Tournaments. Prior to that, the Salukis participated in the National Invitation Tournament for four consecutive years from 1989 to 1992.

Part of the SIU Saluki men's basketball team's 2003 season was chronicled in MTV's *True Life: I Am A College Baller*.

The Saluki men's basketball team garnered national attention by advancing to the Sweet Sixteen in 2002 and 2007.

In the 2006–2007 season, the Salukis, coached by Chris Lowery, reached their highest ranking in the AP Coaches Poll and the ESPN/USA Today Poll with a position of #11, before dropping to #14 after losing the MVC to Creighton prior to entering the NCAA tournament.

After achieving success at SIU, former coaches Bruce Weber and Matt Painter accepted head coaching positions at schools in the Big Ten. Weber took over at Illinois in 2003 and Painter – an alumnus of and former basketball player at Purdue University – accepted the Boilermakers' offer to become top assistant and designated successor to Gene Keady in 2004, becoming head coach in March 2005.

Prior to the 2018-2019 season, the Salukis became the first NCAA men's basketball team to win a completed game against the Cuban national team during a pre-season visit to the country.

Nine Salukis have gone on to play in the NBA:

Chico Vaughn \- St. Louis Hawks (1963–66), Detroit Pistons (1966-67)
Walt Frazier \- New York Knicks (1968–77), Cleveland Cavaliers (1978–80)
Dick Garrett \- Los Angeles Lakers (1970), Buffalo Braves (1971-73), New York Knicks (1974), Milwaukee Bucks (1974)
Nate Hawthorne \- Los Angeles Lakers (1974), Phoenix Suns (1975–76)
Joe C. Meriweather \- Houston Rockets (1976), Atlanta Hawks (1977), New Orleans Jazz (1978–79), Kansas City Kings (1981–85)
Mike Glenn \- Buffalo Braves (1978), New York Knicks (1979-81), Atlanta Hawks (1982–85), Milwaukee Bucks (1986-87)
Ashraf Amaya \- Vancouver Grizzlies (1996), Washington Bullets (1997)
Chris Carr \- Phoenix Suns (1996), Minnesota Timberwolves (1997–98), New Jersey Nets (1999), Golden State Warriors (2000), Chicago Bulls (2000), Boston Celtics (2001)
Troy Hudson \- Utah Jazz (1998), Los Angeles Clippers (1999-2000), Orlando Magic (2001-02), Minnesota Timberwolves (2003–07), Golden State Warriors (2007–08)

## Yearly records (Division I)

Statistics overview
| Season | Coach | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Jack Hartman**  *(Division I Independent)* (1967–1970) | | | | | | | | |
| 1967-68 | Jack Hartman | 20-2 |  |  | NIT Champion |
| 1968–69 | Jack Hartman | 16–8 |  |  |  |
| 1969–70 | Jack Hartman | 13–10 |  |  |  |
| **Jack Hartman:** | | 29–18 |  |  | | | | |
| **Paul Lambert**  *(Midwestern Conference)* (1970–1972) | | | | | | | | |
| 1970–71 | Paul Lambert | 13–10 |  |  |  |
| 1971–72 | Paul Lambert | 10–16 |  |  |  |
| **Paul Lambert**  *(Division I Independent)* (1972–1975) | | | | | | | | |
| 1972–73 | Paul Lambert | 11–15 |  |  |  |
| 1973–74 | Paul Lambert | 19–7 |  |  |  |
| 1974–75 | Paul Lambert | 18–9 |  |  | NIT 1st Round |
| **Paul Lambert**  *(Missouri Valley Conference)* (1975–1978) | | | | | | | | |
| 1975–76 | Paul Lambert | 16–10 | 9–3 | 2nd |  |
| 1976–77 | Paul Lambert | 22–7 | 8–4 | T–1st | NCAA regional semi-Finals |
| 1977–78 | Paul Lambert | 17–10 | 11–5 | 3rd |  |
| **Paul Lambert:** | | 126–84 | 28–12 |  | | | | |
| **Joe Gottfried**  *(Missouri Valley Conference)* (1978–1981) | | | | | | | | |
| 1978–79 | Joe Gottfried | 15–13 | 8–8 | T–3rd |  |
| 1979–80 | Joe Gottfried | 9–17 | 5–11 | 8th |  |
| 1980–81 | Joe Gottfried | 7–20 | 0–16 | 9th |  |
| **Joe Gottfried:** | | 31–50 | 13–35 |  | | | | |
| **Allen Van Winkle**  *(Missouri Valley Conference)* (1981–1985) | | | | | | | | |
| 1981–82 | Allen Van Winkle | 11–16 | 7–9 | 7th |  |
| 1982–83 | Allen Van Winkle | 9–19 | 5–13 | 8th |  |
| 1983–84 | Allen Van Winkle | 15–13 | 7–9 | T–5th |  |
| 1984–85 | Allen Van Winkle | 14–14 | 6–10 | T–6th |  |
| **Allen Van Winkle:** | | 49–62 | 25–41 |  | | | | |
| **Rich Herrin**  *(Missouri Valley Conference)* (1985–1998) | | | | | | | | |
| 1985–86 | Rich Herrin | 8–20 | 4–12 | T–8th |  |
| 1986–87 | Rich Herrin | 12–17 | 5–9 | 6th |  |
| 1987–88 | Rich Herrin | 12–16 | 6–8 | T–4th |  |
| 1988–89 | Rich Herrin | 20–14 | 6–8 | T–5th | NIT 1st Round |
| 1989–90 | Rich Herrin | 26–8 | 10–4 | 1st | NIT 1st Round |
| 1990–91 | Rich Herrin | 18–14 | 9–7 | T–4th | NIT Quarterfinals |
| 1991–92 | Rich Herrin | 22–8 | 14–4 | T–1st | NIT 1st Round |
| 1992–93 | Rich Herrin | 23–10 | 12–6 | 2nd | NCAA 1st Round |
| 1993–94 | Rich Herrin | 23–7 | 14–4 | T–2nd | NCAA 1st Round |
| 1994–95 | Rich Herrin | 23–9 | 13–5 | T–2nd | NCAA 1st Round |
| 1995–96 | Rich Herrin | 11–18 | 4–14 | T–10th |  |
| 1996–97 | Rich Herrin | 13–17 | 6–12 | 9th |  |
| 1997–98 | Rich Herrin | 14–16 | 8–10 | 8th |  |
| **Rich Herrin:** | | 225–174 | 111–103 |  | | | | |
| **Bruce Weber**  *(Missouri Valley Conference)* (1998–2003) | | | | | | | | |
| 1998–99 | Bruce Weber | 15–12 | 10–8 | T–5th |  |
| 1999–2000 | Bruce Weber | 20–13 | 12–6 | 3rd | NIT 2nd Round |
| 2000–01 | Bruce Weber | 16–14 | 10–8 | T–4th |  |
| 2001–02 | Bruce Weber | 28–8 | 14–4 | T–1st | NCAA Sweet 16 |
| 2002–03 | Bruce Weber | 24–7 | 16–2 | 1st | NCAA 1st Round |
| **Bruce Weber:** | | 103–54 | 62–28 |  | | | | |
| **Matt Painter**  *(Missouri Valley Conference)* (2003–2004) | | | | | | | | |
| 2003–04 | Matt Painter | 25–5 | 17–1 | 1st | NCAA 1st Round |
| **Matt Painter:** | | 25–5 | 17–1 |  | | | | |
| **Chris Lowery**  *(Missouri Valley Conference)* (2004–2012) | | | | | | | | |
| 2004–05 | Chris Lowery | 27–8 | 15–3 | 1st | NCAA 2nd Round |
| 2005–06 | Chris Lowery | 22–11 | 12–6 | 2nd | NCAA 1st Round |
| 2006–07 | Chris Lowery | 29–7 | 15–3 | 1st | NCAA Sweet 16 |
| 2007–08 | Chris Lowery | 18–15 | 11–7 | 3rd | NIT 2nd Round |
| 2008–09 | Chris Lowery | 13–18 | 8–10 | 5th |  |
| 2009–10 | Chris Lowery | 15–15 | 6–12 | 9th |  |
| 2010–11 | Chris Lowery | 13–19 | 5–13 | 8th |  |
| 2011–12 | Chris Lowery | 8–23 | 5–13 | 9th |  |
| **Chris Lowery:** | | 145–115 | 77–67 |  | | | | |
| **Barry Hinson**  *(Missouri Valley Conference)* (2012–2019) | | | | | | | | |
| 2012–13 | Barry Hinson | 14–17 | 6–12 | 10th |  |
| 2013–14 | Barry Hinson | 14–19 | 9–9 | T–4th |  |
| 2014–15 | Barry Hinson | 12–21 | 4–14 | 9th |  |
| 2015–16 | Barry Hinson | 22–10 | 11–7 | T–4th |  |
| 2016–17 | Barry Hinson | 17–16 | 9–9 | T–3rd |  |
| 2017–18 | Barry Hinson | 20–13 | 11–7 | 2nd |  |
| 2018–19 | Barry Hinson | 17–14 | 10–8 | T–3rd |  |
| **Barry Hinson:** | | 116–110 | 60–66 |  | | | | |
| **Bryan Mullins**  *(Missouri Valley Conference)* (2019–present) | | | | | | | | |
| 2019–20 | Bryan Mullins | 16–16 | 10–8 | 5th |  |
| 2020–21 | Bryan Mullins | 12–14 | 5–13 | 9th |  |
| 2021–22 | Bryan Mullins | 16–15 | 9–9 | 6th |  |
| 2022–23 | Bryan Mullins | 23–10 | 14–6 | T–3rd |  |
| 2023–24 | Bryan Mullins | 19-13 | 11-9 | 6th |  |
| **Bryan Mullins:** | | 86–68 | 49–45 |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 948–753 |  | | | | | | |
| National champion         Postseason invitational champion
Conference regular season champion          Conference regular season and conference tournament champion
Division regular season champion       Division regular season and conference tournament champion
Conference tournament champion | | | | | | | | |

## Postseason results

### NCAA Division I tournament results

The Salukis have appeared in the NCAA Division I Tournament ten times. Their combined record is 6–10.

| Year | Seed | Round | Opponent | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1977 |  | Quarterfinals
Sweet Sixteen | Arizona
Wake Forest | **W** 81–77
L 81–86 |
| 1993 | #14 | First Round | #3 Duke | L 70–105 |
| 1994 | #11 | First Round | #6 Minnesota | L 60–74 |
| 1995 | #10 | First Round | #7 Syracuse | L 92–96 |
| 2002 | #11 | First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen | #6 Texas Tech
#3 Georgia
#2 Connecticut | **W** 76–68
**W** 77–75
L 59–71 |
| 2003 | #11 | First Round | #6 Missouri | L 71–72 |
| 2004 | #9 | First Round | #8 Alabama | L 64–65 |
| 2005 | #7 | First Round
Second Round | #10 St. Mary's
#2 Oklahoma State | **W** 56–65
L 77–85 |
| 2006 | #11 | First Round | #6 West Virginia | L 46–64 |
| 2007 | #4 | First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen | #13 Holy Cross
#5 Virginia Tech
#1 Kansas | **W** 61–51
**W** 63–48
L 58–61 |

### NCAA Division II tournament results

The Salukis have appeared in the NCAA Division II Tournament seven times. Their combined record is 17–9.

| Year | Round | Opponent | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1959 | Regional Semifinals
Regional Third Place | Wittenberg
Belmont Abbey | L 70–80
L 70–79 |
| 1961 | Regional Semifinals
Regional Finals | Trinity
Southeast Missouri State | **W** 96–82
L 84–88 |
| 1962 | Regional Semifinals
Regional Finals
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Third Place | Union
Evansville
Northeastern
Mount St. Mary's
Nebraska Wesleyan | **W** 70–56
**W** 88–83
**W** 73–57
L 57–58
**W** 98–91 |
| 1963 | Regional Semifinals
Regional Finals
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Third Place | Southeast Missouri State
Lamar
Evansville
South Dakota State
Oglethorpe | **W** 87–79
**W** 93–84
**W** 86–73
L 76–80
L 64–68 |
| 1964 | Regional Semifinals
Regional Finals
 | Ball State
Evansville | **W** 88–81
L 59–64 |
| 1965 | Regional Semifinals
Regional Finals
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship Game | Concordia (IL)
Central Michigan
Washington-St. Louis
North Dakota
Evansville | **W** 71–70
**W** 90–62
**W** 76–67
**W** 97–64
L 82–85 OT |
| 1966 | Regional Semifinals
Regional Finals
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship Game | Indiana State
Evansville
Fresno State
North Dakota
Kentucky Wesleyan | **W** 83–65
**W** 90–77
**W** 93–70
**W** 69–63
L 51–54 |

### NAIA tournament results

The Salukis have appeared in five NAIA Division I Tournaments. Their combined record is 9–4. They were NAIA national champions in 1946.

| Year | Round | Opponent | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1945 | First Round
Elite Eight
Final Four
Third Place Game | Washburn
Doane
Loyola (LA)
Eastern Kentucky | **W** 64–49
**W** 61–44
L 35–37
**W** 49–45 |
| 1946 | First Round
Second Round
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship | Central Missouri
Loras
Nevada
Loyola (LA)
Indiana State | **W** 49–39
**W** 58–55
**W** 66–58
**W** 53–37
**W** 49–48 |
| 1947 | First Round | Dakota Wesleyan | L 39–44 |
| 1948 | First Round | Southern Oregon
Manhattan | **W** 54–50
L 42–52 |
| 1960 | First Round | Oklahoma Baptist | L 71–75 |

### NIT results

The Salukis have appeared in the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) nine times. Their combined record is 8–8. They were NIT champions in 1967.

| Year | Round | Opponent | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1967 | First Round
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Finals | Saint Peter's
Duke
Rutgers
Marquette | **W** 103–58
**W** 72–63
**W** 79–70
**W** 71–56 |
| 1969 | First Round | South Carolina | L 63–72 |
| 1975 | First Round | Pittsburgh | L 65–70 |
| 1989 | First Round | Saint Louis | L 54–87 |
| 1990 | First Round | Green Bay | L 60–73 |
| 1991 | First Round
Second Round
Quarterfinals | Boise State
Missouri State
Stanford | **W** 74–75
**W** 72–69
L 68–78 |
| 1992 | First Round | Boston College | L 69–78 |
| 2000 | First Round | Colorado
BYU | **W** 94–92
L 57–82 |
| 2008 | First Round
Second Round | Oklahoma State
Arizona State | **W** 69–53
L 51–65 |

## Retired numbers

Two players have had their numbers retired by the school.

| **Southern Illinois Salukis retired numbers** | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| No. | Player | Career | Ref. |
| **20** | Chico Vaughn | 1958–1962 |  |
| **52** | Walt Frazier | 1963–1967 |  |

## InfoBox

| Southern Illinois Salukis | |
| --- | --- |
| *2024–25 Southern Illinois Salukis men's basketball team* | |
|  | |
| University | Southern Illinois University |
| Head coach | Scott Nagy (1st season) |
| Conference | Missouri Valley |
| Location | Carbondale, Illinois |
| Arena | Banterra Center
(capacity: 8,284) |
| Nickname | Salukis |
| Colors | Maroon and white
 |
| Uniforms | |
|  | |
| NCAA tournament runner-up | |
| **1965\*, 1966\*** | |
| NCAA tournament Final Four | |
| **1962\*, 1963\*, 1965\*, 1966\*** | |
| NCAA tournament Elite Eight | |
| **1962\*, 1963\*, 1965\*, 1966\*** | |
| NCAA tournament Sweet Sixteen | |
| **1961\*, 1962\*, 1963\*, 1964\*, 1965\*, 1966\*, 1977, 2002, 2007** | |
| NCAA tournament round of 32 | |
| **1959\*, 1961\*, 1962\*, 1963\*, 1964\*, 1965\*, 1966\*, 1977, 2002, 2005, 2007** | |
| NCAA tournament appearances | |
| **1959\*, 1961\*, 1962\*, 1963\*, 1964\*, 1965\*, 1966\*, 1977, 1993, 1994, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
**at Division II level*** | |
| Conference tournament champions | |
| **1977, 1993, 1994, 1995, 2006** | |
| Conference regular season champions | |
| **MVC - 1977, 1990, 1992, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007
IIAC - 1946, 1947, 1948, 1960, 1961, 1962** | |


title: Joseph Smith (explorer)

abstract: Joseph Smith was a British fur trader and explorer working for the Hudson's Bay Company. He was one of the first Europeans to explore the interior of what later became Canada from Hudson Bay. Smith died June 1765 en route to York Factory from the Saskatchewan River country. Smith's explorations played an important role in opening up the interior of western Canada to European trade, and his journals provide one of the earliest accounts of Cree life. Joseph Smith arrived at Hudson Bay as a labourer in 1753. Three years later he was sent inland with Joseph Waggoner to accompany a Cree chief, Washiabitt, to his home grounds. Their instructions were to distribute gifts to the Indians they encountered in an effort to persuade them to travel downriver to York Factory. Following the Hayes and Fox rivers, they reached Cedar Lake on 31 October. Adopting the native way of life and travel, Smith continued south past the Porcupine Hills, crossing the Assiniboine River where he hunted buffalo. In March 1757 Smith continued his travels by going north to the Swan River region. There his party built birch bark canoes, and traveled to Fort Bourbon. They then returned to York Factory by way of Oxford and Knee Lakes. The next year Smith returned to the Assiniboine River, and was the first European to record the use of a buffalo pound. In 1759 Smith joined the explorer Anthony Henday on a trip into Saskatchewan country, returning with a large flotilla of Cree bringing furs to trade. In 1763, the Cree leader Meesinkeeshick guided Smith inland via the Grass River. He became the first European to visit Lake Athapapuskow and the important Cranberry Portage. During his travels, Smith established a family with a Cree woman near Nipawin. In 1764, accompanied by Isaac Batt, Smith traveled the same route up the Grass River. On the return journey Smith died. After his death his Cree wife brought their child and his furs downriver to York Factory. The Hudson Bay Company gave the furs, which he had traded illegally, to his "tent mate".

text:
# Joseph Smith (explorer)

**Joseph Smith** was a British fur trader and explorer working for the Hudson's Bay Company. He was one of the first Europeans to explore the interior of what later became Canada from Hudson Bay. Smith died June 1765 en route to York Factory from the Saskatchewan River country. Smith's explorations played an important role in opening up the interior of western Canada to European trade, and his journals provide one of the earliest accounts of Cree life.

Joseph Smith arrived at Hudson Bay as a labourer in 1753. Three years later he was sent inland with Joseph Waggoner to accompany a Cree chief, Washiabitt, to his home grounds. Their instructions were to distribute gifts to the Indians they encountered in an effort to persuade them to travel downriver to York Factory. Following the Hayes and Fox rivers, they reached Cedar Lake on 31 October. Adopting the native way of life and travel, Smith continued south past the Porcupine Hills, crossing the Assiniboine River where he hunted buffalo.

In March 1757 Smith continued his travels by going north to the Swan River region. There his party built birch bark canoes, and traveled to Fort Bourbon. They then returned to York Factory by way of Oxford and Knee Lakes. The next year Smith returned to the Assiniboine River, and was the first European to record the use of a buffalo pound. In 1759 Smith joined the explorer Anthony Henday on a trip into Saskatchewan country, returning with a large flotilla of Cree bringing furs to trade. In 1763, the Cree leader Meesinkeeshick guided Smith inland via the Grass River. He became the first European to visit Lake Athapapuskow and the important Cranberry Portage. During his travels, Smith established a family with a Cree woman near Nipawin.

In 1764, accompanied by Isaac Batt, Smith traveled the same route up the Grass River. On the return journey Smith died. After his death his Cree wife brought their child and his furs downriver to York Factory. The Hudson Bay Company gave the furs, which he had traded illegally, to his "tent mate".


title: Charlie Harbour

abstract: Charlie Harbour was an Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

text:
# Charlie Harbour

**Charlie Harbour** (20 June 1924 – 24 August 1988) was an Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## InfoBox

| Charlie Harbour | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Edmond Charles Harbour | | |
| Date of birth | (1924-06-20)20 June 1924 | | |
| Place of birth | Foster, Victoria | | |
| Date of death | 24 August 1988(1988-08-24) (aged 64) | | |
| Place of death | Preston, Victoria | | |
| Height | 183 cm (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Weight | 76 kg (168 lb) | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1945–46 | St Kilda | 7 (0) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1946. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Bottoms Up (Nickelback song)

abstract: "Bottoms Up" is a single by Canadian rock band Nickelback as the second single from their seventh studio album, Here and Now. A Billboard review of the song said that it was a "surprising return to [...] bawdy arena rock," but that it was also "amazingly monolithic" and "lack[ed] the slick melodies of the group's past hits."

text:
# Bottoms Up (Nickelback song)

"**Bottoms Up**" is a single by Canadian rock band Nickelback as the second single from their seventh studio album, *Here and Now*.

A *Billboard* review of the song said that it was a "surprising return to \[...\] bawdy arena rock," but that it was also "amazingly monolithic" and "lack\[ed\] the slick melodies of the group's past hits."

## Release

The song was made free for listening on the band's official website on September 22, 2011 and was released as an official single on September 26. It was made available for download on September 27. The official lyric video for "Bottoms Up" was released on YouTube on November 17.

## Track listing

### UK Track listing

1. "Bottoms Up" (Clean Edit)
2. "Bottoms Up" (Album Version)

### US Track Listing

1. "Bottoms Up" (Clean Edit)

## Charts

| Chart (2011–12) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | 83 |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 31 |
| Canada Rock (*Billboard*) | 5 |
| UK Singles (The Official Charts Company) | 179 |
| UK Rock & Metal (OCC) | 4 |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (*Billboard*) | 1 |
| US Hot Rock & Alternative Songs (*Billboard*) | 6 |
|

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2012) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Hot Rock Songs (*Billboard*) | 57 |

## InfoBox

| "Bottoms Up" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Nickelback | |
| from the album  *Here and Now* | |
| Released | September 26, 2011 (Rock radio only) |
| Genre | Hard rock |
| Length | 3:39 |
| Label | Roadrunner |
| Songwriter(s) | Chad Kroeger, Mike Kroeger, Joey Moi |
| Producer(s) | Nickelback, Joey Moi |
| Nickelback singles chronology | |
| "When We Stand Together"
(2011) "**Bottoms Up**"
(2011) "This Means War"
(2011) | |


title: Cikarang

abstract: Cikarang is a large industrial, commercial and residential town which includes the administrative headquarters of Bekasi Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The biggest industrial estate in Southeast Asia, Kota Jababeka is located there.

text:
# Cikarang

**Cikarang** is a large industrial, commercial and residential town which includes the administrative headquarters of Bekasi Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The biggest industrial estate in Southeast Asia, Kota Jababeka is located there.

## Industrial area

Cikarang includes Kota Deltamas as well as the administrative government of Bekasi Regency. Cikarang has contributed to the spread of industrialization from the West Cikarang (Cibitung) area to South Cikarang. The city is known for MM2100 Cikarang Barat, Kota Jababeka, Bekasi International Industrial Estate (BIIE), or the Hyundai Industrial Park; East Jakarta Industrial Park (EJIP), Delta Silicon Industrial Park, and Indonesia-China Integrated Industrial Zone (Kawasan Industri Terpadu Indonesia-China, KITIC). Many foreign companies are located in Cikarang industrial estate.

Cikarang's Industrial City is supported by housing complexes scattered around the Cikarang industrial park that was built by a collection of architects and contractors under PT PP. This residential area stretches around Tambun, Cibitung, Cikarang, Serang, Setu, Cicau, and Cibarusah. Some residential areas are well known, such as Jababeka and Lippo Cikarang. Cikarang has attracted industries including tourism, household, food and television.

Cikarang Dry Port is located in Jababeka Industrial Estate, the biggest manufacturing zone of West Java. Indonesia is home to a dozen industrial estates with more than 2,500 companies, both multinational and small-medium enterprises (SMEs). Approximately 200 hectares (490 acres) are allocated for the Dry Port, which is accessible by highway and rail.

Cikarang wet Port offers cargo handling and logistics for export and import, as well as domestic distribution. It provides integrated port and logistics services with dozens of logistics and supply chain players, such as export/import, carriers, terminal operators, container freight stations, bonded warehouses, transportation, third party logistics (3PL), and empty container depots, as well as banks and other supporting facilities. The Dry Port is the extension gate of Tanjung Priok International Port. Document formalities for port clearance and customs clearance are completed in the Cikarang Dry Port.

Cikarang Dry Port has been appointed as an Integrated Customs Services Zone with a new international port code, IDJBK. The shipping lines’ service connects Cikarang Dry Port with other ports as part of international trading lines.

## Demographics

There is no single administrative body at the level of the extensive town of Cikarang; instead, the town covers five of the administrative districts (*kelurahan*) of Bekasi Regency. In total, Cikarang covers a land area of 223.14 km2 and had a combined population of 733,253 at the 2010 Census and 769,618 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 801,186 - comprising 404,746 males and 396,440 females.

* Cikarang Pusat (Central Cikarang) had a population of 56,756 at the 2010 Census and 67,336 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 68,445 - comprising 34,179 males and 34,266 females. The district centre is at Sukamahi, and the six *desa* share a postcode of 17531.
* Cikarang Selatan (South Cikarang) had a population of 143,030 at the 2010 Census and 161,534 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 171,742 - comprising 86,539 males and 85,203 females. The district centre is at Sukadami, and the seven *desa* share a postcode of 17532.
* Cikarang Timur (East Cikarang) had a population of 91,326 at the 2010 Census and 106,478 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 110,191 - comprising 55,809 males and 54,382 females. The district centre is at Jatibaru, and the *kelurahan* of Sertajaya and the seven *desa* share a postcode of 17533.
* Cikarang Utara (North Cikarang) had a population of 230,563 at the 2010 Census and 228,937 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 239,769 - comprising 121,438 males and 118,331 females. The district centre is at Cikarangkota, and the eleven *desa* share a postcode of 17534.
* Cikarang Barat (West Cikarang) had a population of 211,578 at the 2010 Census and 205,333 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 211,039 - comprising 106,781 males and 104,258 females. The district centre is at Telaga Asih, and that *kelurahan* and the ten *desa* share a postcode of 17530.

The five districts are sub-divided administratively into 2 *kelurahan* (the towns of Sertajaya and Telaga Asih) and 41 *desa* (nominally "rural" villages), listed below with their areas and their officially-estimated populations as at mid 2022.

### Language

The language most commonly used by Cikarang residents is Indonesian, this is because Cikarang as an industrial area has diversity in terms of ethnicity and language. However, There are two regional languages used by the natives in Cikarang, namely Sundanese (North Coast dialect) and Betawi (Cikarang dialect).

The Sundanese language is mostly spoken in Central Cikarang (*Cikarang Pusat*), South Cikarang (*Cikarang Selatan*) and East Cikarang (*Cikarang Timur*). Meanwhile, the Betawi language is spoken in North Cikarang (*Cikarang Utara*) and West Cikarang (*Cikarang Barat*). The boundaries of the use of these two languages in Cikarang overlap, but are mainly delimited by National Route 1 (known as *Jalan Pantai Utara*). The distribution is that the Sundanese language is spoken in the south while the Betawi language is spoken in the north.

## Climate

Cikarang has a tropical monsoon climate (Am) with moderate rainfall from May to October and heavy rainfall from November to April.

| Climate data for Cikarang | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.0
(84.2) | 30.1
(86.2) | 30.9
(87.6) | 31.6
(88.9) | 31.9
(89.4) | 32.1
(89.8) | 32.1
(89.8) | 32.5
(90.5) | 32.9
(91.2) | 32.9
(91.2) | 32.1
(89.8) | 31.0
(87.8) | 31.6
(88.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.2
(79.2) | 26.4
(79.5) | 26.8
(80.2) | 27.2
(81.0) | 27.3
(81.1) | 27.1
(80.8) | 26.9
(80.4) | 27.0
(80.6) | 27.4
(81.3) | 27.6
(81.7) | 27.4
(81.3) | 26.8
(80.2) | 27.0
(80.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.6
(72.7) | 22.7
(72.9) | 22.7
(72.9) | 22.9
(73.2) | 22.8
(73.0) | 22.1
(71.8) | 21.7
(71.1) | 21.6
(70.9) | 22.0
(71.6) | 22.4
(72.3) | 22.7
(72.9) | 22.7
(72.9) | 22.4
(72.4) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 320
(12.6) | 270
(10.6) | 217
(8.5) | 154
(6.1) | 129
(5.1) | 99
(3.9) | 69
(2.7) | 47
(1.9) | 64
(2.5) | 125
(4.9) | 183
(7.2) | 218
(8.6) | 1,895
(74.6) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Transport

Cikarang railway station is served by KRL Commuter Line to Jakarta Kota railway station and regional train services such as Jatiluhur (runs between Cikarang and Cikampek) and Walahar Express (Cikarang to Purwakarta). Lemahabang railway station, also located in Cikarang, is only served by Jatiluhur and Walahar Express trains.

## Sports

Wibawa Mukti Stadium was used as a venue for men's football at the 2018 Asian Games.

## InfoBox

| Cikarang | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Bekasi Regency administration building | |
| Coordinates: 6°21′50″S 107°10′41″E / 6.364°S 107.178°E / -6.364; 107.178 | |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Province | West Java |
| Regency | Bekasi Regency |
| Elevation | 14–85 m (46–279 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (Indonesia Western Time) |
| Area code | (+62) 21 |
| License plate | B |
| Website | www.bekasikab.go.id |


title: Smallmouth yellowfish

abstract: The smallmouth yellowfish is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Labeobarbus. It has become an invasive species in rivers of the Eastern Cape, South Africa, such as the Mbhashe River.

text:
# Smallmouth yellowfish

The **smallmouth yellowfish** (***Labeobarbus aeneus***) is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus *Labeobarbus*. It has become an invasive species in rivers of the Eastern Cape, South Africa, such as the Mbhashe River.

## Introduction

The Orange-Vaal River system is one of the few in South Africa that is truly international. The source of the Orange river is in Lesotho and that of the Vaal on the Mpumalanga highveld whereas their tributaries extend well into most provinces of South Africa as well as into Botswana and Namibia. The Orange river eventually flows into the Atlantic Ocean at Oranjemund on the West coast border between South Africa and Namibia. The river drains hugely diverse terrestrial habitat types ranging from grasslands, mountains and karoo to desert. This results in diverse riverine habitats that include clear mountain streams, turbid waters of the middle Orange river and the nutrient-rich discoloured water of the lower reaches of both rivers. Several in stream dams have changed the natural flow of the upper reaches to a regulated flow in the middle and lower reaches. This river system is home to South Africa's best known and favourite sport yellowfish, the Orange-Vaal smallmouth yellowfish, *L. aeneus*.

## Biology and ecology

The smallmouth yellowfish is a hardy and adaptable species that is widespread across its natural distribution range. It has the ability to inhabit smaller streams owing to its smaller size. Attaining a mass of around 9 kg it is an opportunistic feeder, eating a variety of food types ranging from plant material to aquatic insects, crabs, shrimps and small fish.

The smallmouth yellowfish is a slow-growing species with a low egg-to-mass ratio (fecundity), only becoming sexually active at a fork length of 30 cm when it is almost seven years old. During the spawning season the skin of the male fish is covered in sensory papillae, giving it a rough feel to the touch. This is also found in females but to a lesser extent, therefore always wet your hands before handling fish as dry hands can remove this critical mucous layer that protects the skin and scales.

When water temperatures exceed 19 °C in Spring, small shoals of fish migrate to shallow rocky areas to spawn and may do so intermittently from October to February. The long spawning season is an adaptation to the food-driven river and ensures that yellowfish will be able to lay eggs whenever favourable conditions occur. The eggs are relatively large and have a double "shell", allowing the fish to spawn in rough rapids and riffles.

The fast water is highly oxygenated and a highly productive zone for algae, diatoms and aquatic insect larvae and nymphs. The juvenile fish have silver bellies and a characteristic olive-green back with black spots. They gather in small shoals in favourable habitat.

### Distribution

The Orange-Vaal river system, also translocated to Gouritz, Great Fish and Kei river systems as well as the Limpopo river and Kyle dam in Zimbabwe.

### Habitat

Prefers clear flowing waters of large rivers with sandy or rocky substrates. Also thrives in large impoundments.

### Diet

Larger fishes are omnivores depending on availability of food with benthic invertebrates, incl. bivalve molluscs, vegetation, algae and detritus.

## Status

The smallmouth yellowfish is listed as "Not Threatened", as it is still widespread across the Orange-Vaal River system and is in abundance in most suitable habitats. However, recent fish kills in the middle Vaal river and some tributaries are a cause for concern, as they have the potential to cause substantial damage to valuable recreational fisheries.

## Threats

Water pollution in the form of effluent from municipal sewerage plants, agriculture and mine water return flows perhaps pose the most serious threat to yellowfish in the middle to lower Vaal river and several of its tributaries. Whereas most of the ingredients of the effluent are not directly toxic to fish, the enriched water facilitates algal blooms that reduce dissolved oxygen concentration to lethal levels. (see NCYWG ongoing research report).

Additionally, bacteria that break down organic waste produce by products such as ammonia and nitrites. At elevated levels these nitrogenous wastes are highly toxic to fish and even sub lethal concentrations can seriously damage their gills.

Over abstraction of water from tributaries during the dry Winter months result in stretches of river being laid dry, killing fish and their food. In stream dams such as the Vaal and Gariep dams are barriers to fish migration and also regulate river flow, modifying food driven flows for much of the year.

Illegal netting takes place all over both river systems, usually near informal settlements. However some land owners or entrepreneurs trying to make extra money from selling fish, are also implicated. Law enforcement operations in which the South African Police Service is actively involved are under way.

Several alien fish species are now common in parts of the Orange and Vaal rivers. The predatory largemouth bass flourish in several dams on tributaries of the Vaal and in the Barrage below the Vaal dam. Carp are widespread and common in the system and compete with smallmouth yellowfish for food as well as eating yellowfish eggs at spawning time. The recent explosion of grass carp in dams of the middle Vaal river is seen as a potentially serious threat as this prolific species grows to more than 20 kg and is an obvious competitor for food.

Angling is one of the most popular forms of recreation in South Africa. Moreover, many subsistence fishermen depend on fish to provide their families with a valuable source of protein. Smallmouth yellowfish is a target for both parties who need to be informed of its conservation status. The two groups also need to bee managed effectively. At present, each province straddling the Orange-Vaal catchment area has different policies regarding the capture of yellowfish which complicates law enforcement and angler awareness. The effect of wading through spawning beds (especially by fly anglers) may also be a threat to the survival of yellowfish in heavily fished areas. Most provinces have legislation that prohibits people from interfering with spawning fish.

## Conservation and utilisation

Conservancies are terrestrial protected areas that are managed by conservation departments in some provinces. For those conservancies that include rivers, it offers an informal river protection facility. Bear in mind that conservancies can only be meaningful if participating land owners are made aware of river and fish issues and are guided in the implementation of relevant measures.

The Orange-Vaal River yellowfish Conservation and Management Association (OVRYCMA) is an association of 700 interested and affected people that support yellowfish conservation. The association was established on the Vaal river in 1996. The aims are simple and include three basic conservation concepts:

* Developing a managed conservation area
* Releasing captured yellowfish
* Educating and building capacity in people

There is a considerable body of national and provincial legislation that enable authorities to respond to illegal activities on rivers such as pollution, netting, interfering with spawning fish, stocking of alien species and so on. Legislation incorporated in provincial nature conservation ordinances also permits the effective management of smallmouth yellowfish and their habitat by means of regulations governing minimum size, bag limits, spawning season, spawning areas, etc. A major concern however is the current lack of capacity in nature conservation at provincial and national level to manage rivers and freshwater fish effectively.

The national River Health Programme (RHP) is used as the primary tool to monitor fish communities across South Africa. The Free State, Mpumalanga and Gauteng provinces have active and successful RHP's, but other provinces not. Yellowfish is generally used as an indicator species on the Orange and Vaal rivers to give managers an idea of the ecological state of the river. Large numbers of smallmouth as well as largemouth yellows in good health indicate ecologically healthy rivers.

Research is critical for managers to develop an understanding of the species and how they interact with their environment. This allows them to make informed decisions with regards to water flow releases, pollution standards and fisheries management protocols.

Several important and sizeable research programmes are currently under way on yellowfish in the Orange-Vaal system. These involve research on migration (Telemetry Project), conservation, genetics as well as a socio-economic study on the value of the resource.

Smallmouth yellowfish are highly prized gamefish and their proximity to the Gauteng heartland is the keystone of the yellowfish fly fishing industry in South Africa. The angling tourism industry centred on the Vaal river has been valued at a massive R1.2 billion per annum which includes direct costs (angling equipment) and indirect costs (transport, accommodation and food). All forms of angling have targeted this species with great success and organised angling has been very supportive of measures to improve conservation of the two yellowfish species in this river system - competitive fishing for either species has been discontinued. Subsistence fishers catch smallmouth readily on natural baits such as worms, crabs and minnows. Unfortunately they often focus on spawning fish as these are easy prey. It is essential to develop a programme to teach these anglers to target the more abundant alien carp as well as the sharp-tooth catfish (barbel) instead.

Subsistence and commercial fishers using trawl/seine nets and gill nets to target carp, catfish and moggel (Labeo umbratus) have operated for many years in certain designated dams in the Vaal and Orange rivers. The policy has now been changed and only trawl/seine nets may be used unless circumstances preclude their use, in which case a temporary permit may be issued to place gill nets in specific habitats where carp, moggel and catfish are most prevalent.

The Free State Department of Tourism, Environmental and Economic Affairs provide smallmouth yellowfish for stocking of farm dams as an alternative to alien fish species. The Gariep Dam State Fish Hatchery is making use of subsistence anglers to catch smallmouth yellowfish which are then kept in dams at the hatchery. These fish are then supplied to land owners in the Orange river catchment area to stock dams. This method is preferable to culturing/breeding yellowfish which can result in unwanted hybrids as well as fish with genetic material less than ideal for release into natural systems. This protocol flows from concepts developed at previous conferences of the Yellowfish Working Group (YWG) which emphasise that the provision of yellowfish should not be left up to the private sector as there is no control of such institutions. Neither should yellowfish be allowed to be transported into or within any province without a permit from the relevant conservation authority.

## InfoBox

| Smallmouth yellowfish | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Genus: | *Labeobarbus* |
| Species: | ***L. aeneus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Labeobarbus aeneus***
(Burchell, 1822) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Drync

abstract: Drync is a wine mobile app for both iOS platforms developed by Drync LLC. The company was founded by Brad Rosen and Bill Kirtley. It is primarily a mobile software application that helps users to discover and buy wine. Drync mobile app provides reviews and comments for wines listed in its database. It claims to search about 10 databases including WineZap, Wine Searcher, and Snooth through its wine search, discovery, and cellar management tool. The application allows users to scan a bottle's label, and it show pricing and ratings, as well as a place to make tasting notes on when wine was sipped. Drync LLC raised $900,000 from angel investors including Mark Hastings, Andrew Moss, and Jack Remondi.

text:
# Drync

**Drync** is a wine mobile app for both iOS platforms developed by Drync LLC. The company was founded by Brad Rosen and Bill Kirtley. It is primarily a mobile software application that helps users to discover and buy wine. Drync mobile app provides reviews and comments for wines listed in its database. It claims to search about 10 databases including WineZap, Wine Searcher, and Snooth (which has its own app) through its wine search, discovery, and cellar management tool. The application allows users to scan a bottle's label, and it show pricing and ratings, as well as a place to make tasting notes on when wine was sipped. Drync LLC raised $900,000 from angel investors including Mark Hastings, Andrew Moss, and Jack Remondi.

## Versions

The first version was launched in 2008 and a new version was launched on 14 August 2014.

## InfoBox

Drync
| Developer(s) | Drync LLC |
| --- | --- |
| Initial release | 2008 |
| Written in |  |
| Operating system | iOS |
| Available in | English |
| Type | Mobile app |
| License | Trialware |
| Website | drync.com |


title: Colin Kenneth MacLean

abstract: Vice-Admiral Colin Kenneth MacLean, CB, CVO, DSO was a British Royal Navy officer during the First World War.

text:
# Colin Kenneth MacLean

Vice-Admiral **Colin Kenneth MacLean**, CB, CVO, DSO (17 September 1876 – 12 September 1935) was a British Royal Navy officer during the First World War.

MacLean joined the Royal Navy, and was promoted a Lieutenant in 1898. He was posted to the second-class cruiser HMS *Pique* on 15 February 1900.

As a Captain, he later commanded several ships, including HMS *Lightfoot*, HMS Spenser, and HMS Centaur, and as Rear-Admiral commanded a Destroyer flotilla. He ended his career as a naval officer in China, and retired as Vice-Admiral in 1932.


title: Florida State Road 273

abstract: State Road 273 is a north–south highway in the panhandle in the U.S. state of Florida that extends from State Road 77 in Chipley to U.S. Route 231 in Campbellton. SR 273 runs through both Washington and Jackson counties, and most, if not all of the road is a two-lane undivided highway. Between its termini, SR 273 intersects with no state roads other than former ones. A former section of the road south of Chipley is now County Road 273.

text:
# Florida State Road 273

**State Road 273** (**SR 273**) is a north–south highway in the panhandle in the U.S. state of Florida that extends from State Road 77 (SR 77) in Chipley to U.S. Route 231 (US 231) in Campbellton. SR 273 runs through both Washington and Jackson counties, and most, if not all of the road is a two-lane undivided highway. Between its termini, SR 273 intersects with no state roads other than former ones. A former section of the road south of Chipley is now County Road 273.

## Route description

State Road 273 begins at a blinker-light intersection with State Road 77 in Chipley, Florida as Glenwood Avenue, which is a west-to-east street that continues west as a city local city street until it reaches North First Street. The road remains at this trajectory for the first four blocks, and does not start to turn north until after the intersection with Bennett Drive. From that point on, the road is named the Chipley-Campbellton Highway. During this curve to the north, it encounters the headquarters for the Washington County Department of Parks and Recreation. The remainder of the road is strictly rural. Four local streets are intersected within the county before the road crosses a bridge over a small creek and curves north during its last run through the county. Almost immediately after crossing the Washington-Jackson County Line, it has a blinker-light intersection with County Road 164 (Lovewood Road). Winding around some farmland and taking a curve more toward the east, County Road 193, which is named "Smokey Road" northwest of SR 273, and is an unmarked dirt road named "Smoky Road" southeast of SR 273. After this, it passes one more dirt road and then encounters the western segment of County Road 162 (Rachel Road), which joins SR 273 in a concurrency. After an embankment over some lowland and then climbing a slight grade, SR 273/CR 162 makes another slight right curve where it encounters another blinker-light intersection with County Road 169 (Peanut Road), which unlike the one at CR 164 contains four-way stop signs.

Just west of Jacob City, the eastern segment of County Road 162 (Main Street/Jacob Road) branches off to the southeast on the opposite side of the intersection with Sharon Road, ending the concurrency. After Woodrest Road, SR 273 curves more to the north again. One anomaly along the way is an intersection with a dirt road named "Overpass Road," which is a private road to the west and is a long distance from the Atlanta and Saint Andrews Bay Railway overpass it was named for to the east. After this intersection, the road runs along the east side of the Springhill Landfill, one of the few non-agricultural sites along the road outside of the occasional church. Later, it crosses an abandoned railroad line spanning from the A&SAB main line that runs through Graceville and points west. One last church and cemetery can be found south of where SR 273 finally enters Campbellton just at an unmarked one-lane grass road named Dixie Street. A paved street with the same name is encountered later before the road terminates at a blinker-light intersection with U.S. Route 231. Two dead-end streets can be seen across from the terminus of SR 273, but only one was part of the road once (*see below*).

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Washington | Chipley | 0.000 | 0.000 |

SR 77 (Main Street) to US 90 / I-10 |  |
| Jackson | Richter Crossroads | 4.297 | 6.915 | CR 164 (Lovewood Road) |  |
| |  | 7.594 | 12.221 |
CR 193 north (Smokey Road) |  |
| |  | 8.530 | 13.728 |
CR 162 west (Rachel Road) |  |
| |  | 9.477 | 15.252 | CR 169 Graceville, Cottondale |  |
| |  | 10.817 | 17.408 |
CR 162 east Jacob |  |
| | Campbellton | 14.509 | 23.350 | US 231 (SR 75) Dothan, Cottondale |  |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

## Former segments

### County Road 273

| County Road 273 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Gilberts Mill-Chipley |

**County Road 273** is a county spur of State Road 273. It begins at Elkcam Boulevard in Gilberts Mill, Florida as Orange Hill Road. Here, the road winds around an unfinished development as well as some other local land and doesn't straighten out until it meets a cotton field across from Ledger Road. North of there, the road runs relatively straight north until it takes one more slight curve to the left before encountering the eastern terminus of County Road 278(Pioneer Road). This trajectory continues through a patch of scrub land until it curves back to the north, running mostly through small forests interrupted by dirt roads and local residencies. The one exception to these road is an intersection with the paved Sunday Road. North of there, farmland begins to take the place of forestland as the road approaches a much more important intersection, specifically the short concurrency with County Road 276 beginning at Alford Road, then running past a firehouse before ending at Clayton Road where CR 276 turns west at the corner of an abandoned gas station.

Farmland becomes much more prevalent north of this point, especially after one tree-lined culvert beneath the road. The next major intersection is the west end of Southern County Road 280 (Corbin Road), which leads to Steele City in Jackson County. Next is Joiner Road, a local street leading west towards Falling Waters State Park. After passing a local nursery and then intersecting a local one-lane street named Deerpath Road, CR 273 takes a sharp curve to the northwest, where the farms diminish, but don't completely disappear until the route intersects a street named Foxworth Road, the elongated southwestern frontage road for a bridge over Interstate 10 with no access that becomes a dirt road once it curves along the eastbound lanes of I-10. A northeastern frontage road for this bridge can also be found that is just as elongated, but with even less pavement. Between Earlene Lane and Donnell Road CR 273 curves slightly to the right, but still continues to run northwest and southeast. Part of the Chipley City Limits are encountered just before the last moderate intersection, a northern segment of County Road 280 (Brickyard Road) that seemingly has no connection with the previous CR 280. One small industrial park and a local dead-end street can be found before the route makes a sharp left turn onto South Boulevard before finally intersecting State Road 77, which would seem to continue northbound in a hidden concurrency to eventually reunite with SR 273, especially judging by one of the sign trees along SR 77. Instead CR 273 extends along the rest of South Boulevard to the west, serving as the southern terminus of the South Third Street Historic District then leaving the city limits at Hoyt Street, and finally ends at State Road 277.

### Chipley Street and Elaville Road

Besides CR 273, two other former segments exist in the Campbellton area, none of which are marked as either state or county roads. The first is Chipley Road which begins as a dead-end street across from the northern terminus. This road is north of the beginning of a former segment of State Road 2 which is also a dead end at US 231. Chipley Road ends at the existing SR 2 across from a Campbellton municipal block that includes a fire station and community center as well as two water towers.

The second segment is Elaville Road which runs east from US 231, north of SR 2. After the grade crossing with the former Atlanta and Saint Andrews Bay Railway main line it encounters a fork in the road with Long Pine Street. Ellaville Road turns to the northeast. Most of the surroundings are forest land, although some clearances for farmland and other uses can be found as the road curves further north. This former segment of SR 273 ends at a dirt road named Rambo Road. FDOT maps and others still incorrectly regard this as being part of SR 273.

Template:Attached KML/Florida State Road 273KML is not from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| State Road 273 | |
| --- | --- |
| SR 273 in red, CR 273 in blue | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by FDOT | |
| Length | 14.509 mi (23.350 km) |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | SR 77 in Chipley |
| North end | US 231 in Campbellton |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Florida |
| Counties | Washington, Jackson |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| SR 269   I-275 | |


title: Spencer Gulf Important Bird Area

abstract: The Spencer Gulf Important Bird Area comprises a 460.38 square kilometres strip of coastal land extending for about 100 kilometres along the north-eastern coast of the Spencer Gulf in South Australia. It is considered to be an important site for waders, or shorebirds.

text:
# Spencer Gulf Important Bird Area

Spencer Gulf IBAclass=notpageimage|Location of the Spencer Gulf Important Bird Area in South Australia

The **Spencer Gulf Important Bird Area** comprises a 460.38 square kilometres (177.75 square miles) strip of coastal land extending for about 100 kilometres (62 miles) along the north-eastern coast of the Spencer Gulf in South Australia. It is considered to be an important site for waders, or shorebirds.

## Description

The Important Bird Area (IBA) extends from Tickera Point (also called Myponie Point) immediately north of Wallaroo in the south to Ward Point immediately west of Port Germein in the north. It also passes close to Port Broughton, and the industrial city of Port Pirie. About 190.00 square kilometres (73.36 square miles), or over 40%, of the IBA consists of intertidal sand and mudflats used by waders as feeding habitat. There are also extensive areas of mangroves and salt marshes.

## Criteria for nomination as an IBA

The site has been identified by BirdLife International as an IBA because it supports over 1% of the world population of red-necked stints. Other waders and waterbirds sometimes recorded in significant numbers include red knots, sharp-tailed sandpipers, banded stilts, pied oystercatchers, Australian shovelers and fairy terns. Chirruping wedgebills and rock parrots have been recorded. A single sighting of an orange-bellied parrot was made in 1992.

## Associated protected areas

While the IBA has no statutory status, it does overlap the following protected area declared by the South Australian government \- Heritage Agreement No. HA1096, an allotment of privately owned land sized at 7.58 square kilometres (2.93 square miles).

33°18′11″S 137°53′40″E / 33.30306°S 137.89444°E / -33.30306; 137.89444


title: Tongahiti

abstract: Tongahiti is one of Tāwhaki's enemies in a Māori tradition which White (1887-1891) attributes to the Ngati Hau iwi. In this tale, Tāwhaki blocks up all the chinks in the house of his enemies, a house of which his grandmother Whaitiri is the doorkeeper. Before sunset, the enemies - who are like small birds - flock into the house in great numbers. Tongahiti is among them. When morning comes, the enemies sleep on, because no light can enter the house. Tongahiti makes a remark about the length of the night, and suggests that Whaitiri may be deceiving them. Tāwhaki now lets the light in, and then kills all the creatures except Tongahiti, who manages to escape through a small hole he pierces through the base of one of the posts at the back of the house. Tongahiti is called 'god of headaches' by White (1887-1891) in his English translation of the story. The reference to headaches does not appear in the Māori text..

text:
# Tongahiti

**Tongahiti** is one of Tāwhaki's enemies in a Māori tradition which White (1887-1891) attributes to the Ngati Hau iwi. In this tale, Tāwhaki blocks up all the chinks in the house of his enemies, a house of which his grandmother Whaitiri is the doorkeeper. Before sunset, the enemies - who are like small birds - flock into the house in great numbers. Tongahiti is among them. When morning comes, the enemies sleep on, because no light can enter the house. Tongahiti makes a remark about the length of the night, and suggests that Whaitiri may be deceiving them. Tāwhaki now lets the light in, and then kills all the creatures except Tongahiti, who manages to escape through a small hole he pierces through the base of one of the posts at the back of the house.

Tongahiti is called 'god of headaches' by White (1887-1891) in his English translation of the story. The reference to headaches does not appear in the Māori text. (Tongahiti is also mentioned by Tregear as 'the god of Headache', giving White I:101 as his source).

* R. D. Craig, *Dictionary of Polynesian Mythology* (Greenwood Press: New York, 1989), 288.
* E. R. Tregear, *Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary* (Lyon and Blair: Lambton Quay), 1891, 531.
* J. White, *The Ancient History of the Maori*, 7 Volumes (Government Printer: Wellington), 1887–1891, I, English pp. 101–102, Māori pp. 89–90.


abstract: The Federal Institute for Prevention and Education in Medicine or Bundesinstitut für Prävention und Aufklärung in der Medizin (BIPAM) in Germany is an independent federal public health authority being planned by the Federal Ministry of Health (Germany), spearheaded by health minister Karl Lauterbach, and expected to be implemented by January 2025. It is charged to focus on non-communicable diseases like cardiac disease, cancer and dementia, and will subsume health education tasks, so far handled by the Federal Centre for Health Education in Cologne. The law making process began in 2023, and the bill is expected to be sent to the Bundestag before summer. The designated head of BIPAM will be Johannes Niessen, previously head of the Cologne department of health.

text:
# Federal Institute for Prevention and Education in Medicine

The **Federal Institute for Prevention and Education in Medicine** or *Bundesinstitut für Prävention und Aufklärung in der Medizin (BIPAM)* in Germany is an independent federal public health authority being planned by the Federal Ministry of Health (Germany), spearheaded by health minister Karl Lauterbach, and expected to be implemented by January 2025. It is charged to focus on non-communicable diseases like cardiac disease, cancer and dementia, and will subsume health education tasks, so far handled by the Federal Centre for Health Education in Cologne.

The law making process began in 2023, and the bill is expected to be sent to the Bundestag before summer. The designated head of BIPAM will be Johannes Niessen, previously head of the Cologne department of health.

## Reception

Lars Schaade, director of the RKI welcomed the move. While the RKI has been the most important public health institution in Germany, it has no mandate to recommend any interventions regarding non-communicable diseases.

Other representatives of the German public health community have been critical, either calling it "symbolic politics", avoiding difficult discussions on limiting personal freedoms on sugar consumption, tobacco or overdue speed limits on the Autobahn; others are critical of the speed of the reform process without "independent scientific evaluation of what happened in the local public health services" after the COVID pandemic.

## InfoBox

Federal Institute for Prevention and Education in Medicine
| **Bundesinstitut für Prävention und Aufklärung in der Medizin (BIPAM)** | |
| --- | --- |
| Agency overview | |
| Jurisdiction | Government of Germany |
| Headquarters | Berlin and Cologne |
| Agency executive |  |


title: Siri Røine

abstract: Siri Røine is a Norwegian civil servant. She was born in Oslo, and took education as a dental hygienist and jurist. She has worked as assisting head negotiator in the trade union, Norwegian Nurses' Union. Later, she worked in the Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities and the Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise. In 2008 she was named as the new Government Director of Personnel. As such she is also a member of the National Wages Board. She resides in Son.

text:
# Siri Røine

**Siri Røine** (born 1957) is a Norwegian civil servant.

She was born in Oslo, and took education as a dental hygienist and jurist. She has worked as assisting head negotiator in the trade union, Norwegian Nurses' Union. Later, she worked in the Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities and the Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise. In 2008 she was named as the new Government Director of Personnel. As such she is also a member of the National Wages Board.

She resides in Son.


title: Rupéreux

abstract: Rupéreux is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

text:
# Rupéreux

**Rupéreux** (French pronunciation: \[ʁypeʁø\] ) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

## Demographics

Inhabitants of Rupéreux are called *Rupérois*.

## InfoBox

| Rupéreux | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall in Rupéreux | |
| Location of Rupéreux | |
| RupéreuxRupéreux | |
| Coordinates: 48°38′11″N 3°19′46″E / 48.6364°N 3.3294°E / 48.6364; 3.3294 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Île-de-France |
| Department | Seine-et-Marne |
| Arrondissement | Provins |
| Canton | Provins |
| Intercommunality | Provinois |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Flavien Blanchard |
| Area**1** | 6.33 km2 (2.44 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 100 |
| Density | 16/km2 (41/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 77396 /77560 |
| Elevation | 151–179 m (495–587 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


abstract: The City of Los Angeles Department of Cultural Affairs is the official Los Angeles, California, USA arts council. The agency approves the design of structures built on or over City property and accepts works of art to be acquired by the City. The Commission meets on the first and third Friday mornings of each month. The Department runs under the county arts council, the LA County Arts Commission and the California state arts council, the California Arts Council (CAC).

text:
# City of Los Angeles Department of Cultural Affairs

The **City of Los Angeles Department of Cultural Affairs** is the official Los Angeles, California, USA arts council.

The agency approves the design of structures built on or over City property and accepts works of art to be acquired by the City. The Commission meets on the first and third Friday mornings of each month.

The Department runs under the county arts council, the LA County Arts Commission and the California state arts council, the California Arts Council (CAC).


title: Lintneria geminus

abstract: Lintneria geminus, the gemmed sphinx, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. The species was first described by Walter Rothschild and Karl Jordan in 1903. It is found from Mexico to Honduras and Nicaragua with an occasional stray into Texas. The wingspan is 92–105 mm. The upperside of the forewings is gray with wavy black and light gray bands and two small gray spots, while the upperside of the hindwing is black with two wavy white bands. There is one generation per year with adults on wing in from July to August. They feed on the nectar of various deep-throated flowers, including Lonicera japonica, Saponaria officinalis, Petunia species and Catalpa speciosa.

text:
# Lintneria geminus

***Lintneria geminus***, the **gemmed sphinx**, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. The species was first described by Walter Rothschild and Karl Jordan in 1903. It is found from Mexico to Honduras and Nicaragua with an occasional stray into Texas.

The wingspan is 92–105 mm. The upperside of the forewings is gray with wavy black and light gray bands and two small gray spots, while the upperside of the hindwing is black with two wavy white bands.

There is one generation per year with adults on wing in from July to August. They feed on the nectar of various deep-throated flowers, including *Lonicera japonica*, *Saponaria officinalis*, *Petunia* species and *Catalpa speciosa*.

## InfoBox

| Gemmed sphinx | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Sphingidae |
| Genus: | *Lintneria* |
| Species: | ***L. geminus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lintneria geminus***<br>(Rothschild & Jordan, 1903) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Sphinx geminus* * *Hyloicus geminus* Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 | |


title: Du style galant au style méchant

abstract: Du style galant au style méchant is an opera cycle written for radio by composer Germaine Tailleferre and librettist Denise Centore. The cycle consistes of five short one act French language chamber operas, each one written to parody a different operatic form or style. The four surviving operas are La fille d'opéra, Le bel ambitieux, La pauvre Eugénie, and Monsieur Petit Pois achète un château. The cycle had its world premiere on December 28, 1955 in a performance by the Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française. In November 2014 portions of the cycle were staged by director Marie-Eve Signeyrole at the Opéra de Limoges in Originaux & Pastiches; a pastiche created using music from all four radio operas along with music from Rameau's Platée, Rossini's The Barber of Seville, Charpentier's Louise, and Offenbach's The Tales of Hoffmann. The cast included Magali Arnault-Stanczak, Kimy McLaren, Jean-Michel Richer, and Dominique Côté.

text:
# Du style galant au style méchant

***Du style galant au style méchant*** is an opera cycle written for radio by composer Germaine Tailleferre and librettist Denise Centore. The cycle consistes of five short one act French language chamber operas, each one written to parody a different operatic form or style. The four surviving operas are ***La fille d'opéra*** (a parody of Jean-Philippe Rameau), ***Le bel ambitieux*** (a parody of Gioachino Rossini), ***La pauvre Eugénie*** (a parody of Gustave Charpentier), and ***Monsieur Petit Pois achète un château*** (a parody of Jacques Offenbach). The cycle had its world premiere on December 28, 1955 in a performance by the Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française.

In November 2014 portions of the cycle were staged by director Marie-Eve Signeyrole at the Opéra de Limoges in *Originaux & Pastiches*; a pastiche created using music from all four radio operas along with music from Rameau's *Platée*, Rossini's *The Barber of Seville*, Charpentier's *Louise*, and Offenbach's *The Tales of Hoffmann*. The cast included Magali Arnault-Stanczak, Kimy McLaren, Jean-Michel Richer, and Dominique Côté.


title: Colfax, Saskatchewan

abstract: Colfax is an unincorporated community in Wellington Rural Municipality No. 97 in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. Located on highway 306, approximately 40 km north of the city of Weyburn. The community was founded in 1912, settled primarily by American immigrants from Iowa. The community was named by B.A. Brown, after Colfax, Iowa. The current population of Colfax is 6 people.

text:
# Colfax, Saskatchewan

**Colfax** is an unincorporated community in Wellington Rural Municipality No. 97 in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. Located on highway 306, approximately 40 km north of the city of Weyburn. The community was founded in 1912, settled primarily by American immigrants from Iowa. The community was named by B.A. Brown, after Colfax, Iowa. The current population of Colfax is 6 people.

## Notable residents

49°56′46″N 103°59′53″W / 49.946°N 103.998°W / 49.946; -103.998


abstract: The women's shot put event at the 1972 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on 11 March in Grenoble.

text:
# 1972 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Women's shot put

The **women's shot put** event at the 1972 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on 11 March in Grenoble.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | #1 | #2 | #3 | #4 | #5 | #6 | Result | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Nadezhda Chizhova | Soviet Union | **19.41** | x | 19.17 | 18.54 | 18.90 | 18.90 | **19.41** |  |
|  | Antonina Ivanova | Soviet Union | 17.32 | **18.54** | x | 17.88 | 17.64 | 18.05 | **18.54** |  |
|  | Marianne Adam | East Germany | **18.30** | 17.95 | 17.81 | 17.75 | x | 17.87 | **18.30** |  |
| 4 | Ivanka Khristova | Bulgaria | 17.44 | 17.46 | 17.35 | 17.31 | **17.92** | 17.37 | **17.92** |  |
| 5 | Ludwika Chewińska | Poland | 16.40 | 17.11 | **17.88** | 17.50 | x | 17.66 | **17.88** |  |
| 6 | Galina Nekrasova | Soviet Union | 17.10 | 17.60 | **17.68** | 17.07 | 17.35 | 17.23 | **17.68** |  |
| 7 | Radostina Vasekova | Bulgaria | **17.60** | 17.26 | 17.11 | 16.92 | 16.84 | 17.23 | **17.60** |  |
| 8 | Helena Fibingerová | Czechoslovakia | 17.01 | 17.13 | 17.16 | x | **17.40** | x | **17.40** |  |
| 9 | Valentina Cioltan | Romania | 16.20 | **17.09** | 16.74 |  |  |  | **17.09** |  |
| 10 | Sigrun Kofink | West Germany | 15.54 | **16.18** | 15.67 |  |  |  | **16.18** |  |
| 11 | Ana Salagean | Romania | 15.65 | 15.47 | **16.04** |  |  |  | **16.04** |  |
| 12 | Elena Stoyanova | Bulgaria | **15.63** | x | 15.59 |  |  |  | **15.63** |  |
| 13 | Mary Peters | Great Britain | x | 13.77 | **14.90** |  |  |  | **14.90** |  |


title: Tor Double Novels

abstract: Tor Doubles are a series of science fiction books published by Tor Books between 1988 and 1991, mostly in tête-bêche format. The series was inspired by the Ace Doubles, published between 1952 and 1973.

text:
# Tor Double Novels

**Tor Doubles** are a series of science fiction books published by Tor Books between 1988 and 1991, mostly in tête-bêche format. The series was inspired by the Ace Doubles, published between 1952 and 1973.

## Titles in the series

This list is complete and includes ISBN numbers for the United States.

| # | First book | Second book | Publication date | ISBN |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Arthur C. Clarke
*A Meeting with Medusa* | Kim Stanley Robinson
*Green Mars* | October 1988 | 0-8125-3362-3 |
| 2 | Greg Bear
*Hardfought* | Timothy Zahn
*Cascade Point* | November 1988 | 0-8125-5971-1 |
| 3 | Robert Silverberg
*Born With The Dead* | Brian W. Aldiss
*The Saliva Tree* | December 1988 | 0-8125-5952-5 |
| 4 | John Varley
*Tango Charlie and Foxtrot Romeo* | Samuel R. Delany
*The Star Pit* | January 1989 | 0-8125-5956-8 |
| 5 | Poul Anderson
*No Truce With Kings* | Fritz Leiber
*Ship of Shadows* | February 1989 | 0-8125-5958-4 |
| 6 | Barry B. Longyear
*Enemy Mine* | John Kessel
*Another Orphan* | March 1989 | 0-8125-5963-0 |
| 7 | Vonda N. McIntyre
*Screwtop* | James Tiptree, Jr.
*The Girl Who Was Plugged In* | April 1989 | 0-8125-4554-0 |
| 8 | Leigh Brackett
*The Nemesis From Terra* | Edmond Hamilton
*Battle for the Stars* | May 1989 | 0-8125-5960-6 |
| 9 | Isaac Asimov
*The Ugly Little Boy* | Theodore Sturgeon
*The \[Widget\], the \[Wadget\], and Boff* | June 1989 | 0-8125-5966-5 |
| 10 | Robert Silverberg
*Sailing to Byzantium* | Gene Wolfe
*Seven American Nights* | July 1989 | 0-8125-5924-X |
| 11 | James Tiptree, Jr.
*Houston, Houston, Do You Read?* | Joanna Russ
*Souls* | August 1989 | 0-8125-5962-2 |
| 12 | Roger Zelazny
*He Who Shapes* | Kate Wilhelm
*The Infinity Box* | September 1989 | 0-8125-5879-0 |
| 13 | Kim Stanley Robinson
*The Blind Geometer* | Ursula K. Le Guin
*The New Atlantis* | October 1989 | 0-8125-0010-5 |
| 14 | Poul Anderson
*The Saturn Game* | Gregory Benford and Paul A. Carter
*Iceborn* | November 1989 | 0-8125-0277-9 |
| 15 | Jack Vance
*The Last Castle* | Robert Silverberg
*Nightwings* | December 1989 | 0-8125-0194-2 |
| 16 | James Tiptree, Jr.
*The Color of Neanderthal Eyes* | Michael Bishop
*And Strange At Ecbatan The Trees* | January 1990 | 0-8125-5964-9 |
| 17 | L. Sprague de Camp
*Divide and Rule* | Leigh Brackett
*The Sword of Rhiannon* | February 1990 | 0-8125-0362-7 |
| 18 | C.L. Moore
*Vintage Season* | Robert Silverberg
*In Another Country* | February 1990 | 0-8125-0193-4 |
| 19 | Fritz Leiber
*Ill Met in Lankhmar* | Charles de Lint
*The Fair in Emain Macha* | March 1990 | 0-8125-0821-1 |
| 20 | L. Sprague de Camp
*The Wheels of If* | Harry Turtledove
*The Pugnacious Peacemaker* | April 1990 | 0-8125-0202-7 |
| 21 | Roger Zelazny
*Home is the Hangman* | Samuel R. Delany
*We, In Some Strange Power's Employ,
Move On A Rigorous Line* | May 1990 | 0-8125-0983-8 |
| 22 | Leigh Brackett
*The Jewel of Bas* | Karen Haber
*Thieves' Carnival* | June 1990 | 0-8125-0272-8 |
| 23 | Norman Spinrad
*Riding The Torch* | Joan D. Vinge
*The Tin Soldier* | July 1990 | 0-8125-0551-4 |
| 24 | Roger Zelazny
*The Graveyard Heart* | Walter Jon Williams
*Elegy For Angels And Dogs* | August 1990 | 0-8125-0275-2 |
| 25 | John M. Ford
*Fugue State* | Gene Wolfe
*The Death of Doctor Island* | September 1990 | 0-8125-0813-0 |
| 26 | John Varley
*Press Enter■* | Robert Silverberg
*Hawksbill Station* | October 1990 | 0-8125-5948-7 |
| 27 | Orson Scott Card
*Eye For Eye* | Lloyd Biggle, Jr.
*The Tunesmith* | November 1990 | 0-8125-0854-8 |
| 28 | Kim Stanley Robinson
*A Short Sharp Shock* | Jack Vance
*The Dragon Masters* | December 1990 | 0-8125-0895-5 |
| 29 | Ian Watson
*Nanoware Time* | John Varley
*The Persistence of Vision* | January 1991 | 0-8125-5940-1 |
| 30 | Poul Anderson
*The Longest Voyage* | Steve Popkes
*Slow Lightning* | March 1991 | 0-8125-1170-0 |
| 31 | Gordon R. Dickson
*Naked To The Stars* | Gordon R. Dickson
*The Alien Way* | February 1991 | 0-8125-0396-1 |
| 32 | Harlan Ellison
*Run For The Stars* | Jack Dann and Jack C. Haldeman II
*Echoes of Thunder* | April 1991 | 0-8125-1180-8 |
| 33 | Mike Resnick
*Bwana* | Mike Resnick
*Bully* | May 1991 | 0-8125-1246-4 |
| 34 | Damon Knight
*Rule Golden* | Damon Knight
*Double Meaning* | June 1991 | 0-8125-1294-4 |
| 35 | Dean Ing
*Silent Thunder* | Robert A. Heinlein
*Universe* | July 1991 | 0-8125-0265-5 |
| 36 | Fritz Leiber
*Conjure Wife* | Fritz Leiber
*Our Lady Of Darkness* | August 1991 | 0-8125-1296-0 |

At least one more in the series was prepared but never published: Esther Friesner's *Yesterday We Saw Mermaids* paired with Lawrence Watt-Evans's *The Final Folly of Captain Dancy* would have been series number 37.

1. Watt-Evans, Lawrence. "How The Final Folly of Captain Dancy Got Published". Retrieved 19 August 2012.


abstract: The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources is a German agency within the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology. It acts as a central geoscience consulting institution for the German federal government. The headquarters of the agency is located in Hanover and there is a branch in Berlin. Early 2013, the BGR employed a total of 795 employees. The BGR, the State Authority for Mining, Energy and Geology and the Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics form the Geozentrum Hanover. All three institutions have a common management and infrastructure, and complement each other through their interdisciplinary expertise. BGR is also active as a research institute and works on topics related to the geology of continental, marine and energy resources as well as soil science, polar research and geodata management.

text:
# Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources

The **Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources** (**Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe**, or **BGR**) is a German agency within the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology. It acts as a central geoscience consulting institution for the German federal government. The headquarters of the agency is located in Hanover and there is a branch in Berlin. Early 2013, the BGR employed a total of 795 employees. The BGR, the State Authority for Mining, Energy and Geology and the Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics form the Geozentrum Hanover. All three institutions have a common management and infrastructure, and complement each other through their interdisciplinary expertise.

BGR is also active as a research institute and works on topics related to the geology of continental, marine and energy resources as well as soil science, polar research and geodata management.

## InfoBox

Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources
| Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Agency overview | |
| Headquarters | Hanover, Germany |
| Employees | 795 in 2013 |
| Website | www.bgr.bund.de |


abstract: Los Angeles v. Alameda Books, Inc., 535 U.S. 425 (2002), was a United States Supreme Court case on the controversial issue of adult bookstore zoning in the city of Los Angeles. Zoning laws dictated that no adult bookstores could be within five hundred feet of a public park, or religious establishment, or within 1000 feet of another adult establishment. However, Alameda Books, Inc. and Highland Books, Inc. were two adult stores that operated under one roof. They sued Los Angeles, stating the ordinance violated the First Amendment. The district court concurred with the stores, stating that the 1977 study stating there was a higher crime rate in areas with adult stores, which the law was based upon, did not support a reasonable belief that multiple-use adult establishments produce the secondary effects the city asserted as content-neutral justifications for its restrictions on adult stores. The Court of Appeals upheld this verdict, and found that even if the ordinance were content neutral, the city failed to present evidence upon which it could reasonably rely to demonstrate that its regulation of multiple-use establishments was designed to serve its substantial interest in reducing crime. However, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the city. This reversed the decision of the lower court. This case was argued on December 4, 2001; certiorari was granted on March 5, 2001. "City of Los Angeles v. Alameda Books, 00-799, didn't involve the kind of adult material that can be regulated by the government, but rather the extent to which cities can ban "one-stop shopping" sex-related businesses."

text:
# City of Los Angeles v. Alameda Books, Inc.

***Los Angeles v. Alameda Books, Inc.***, 535 U.S. 425 (2002), was a United States Supreme Court case on the controversial issue of adult bookstore zoning in the city of Los Angeles. Zoning laws dictated that no adult bookstores could be within five hundred feet of a public park, or religious establishment, or within 1000 feet of another adult establishment. However, Alameda Books, Inc. and Highland Books, Inc. were two adult stores that operated under one roof. They sued Los Angeles, stating the ordinance violated the First Amendment. The district court concurred with the stores, stating that the 1977 study stating there was a higher crime rate in areas with adult stores, which the law was based upon, did not support a reasonable belief that multiple-use adult establishments produce the secondary effects the city asserted as content-neutral justifications for its restrictions on adult stores. The Court of Appeals upheld this verdict, and found that even if the ordinance were content neutral, the city failed to present evidence upon which it could reasonably rely to demonstrate that its regulation of multiple-use establishments was designed to serve its substantial interest in reducing crime. However, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the city. This reversed the decision of the lower court. This case was argued on December 4, 2001; certiorari was granted on March 5, 2001. "City of Los Angeles v. Alameda Books, 00-799, didn't involve the kind of adult material that can be regulated by the government, but rather the extent to which cities can ban "one-stop shopping" sex-related businesses."

## Background

In 1977, the city of Los Angeles conducted a study regarding the effects of high concentrations of adult stores. At that time 26 adult bookstores and 21 adult movie theatres flourished in the Hollywood area alone. Downtown L.A. had 23 stores within a 3 block radius. Other businesses began to flee the area and property values plummeted, though Justice Souter noted that the study conducted by the city "found no certain correlation between the location of those establishments and depressed property values".

Passersby were subject to sexually explicit material through advertisements for these businesses.

Drug transactions were also prevalent in these areas, and the narcotics trade gave way to a 16 percent increase in part 1 crime in the Hollywood area, while there was a 5 percent decrease city-wide . Such crimes include, murder, rape, aggravated assault, robbery, burglary, larceny, and vehicle theft. There was also a 45 percent increase in part 2 crimes in Hollywood which includes, other assaults, forgery, counterfeiting, embezzlement, fraud, stolen property, prostitution, narcotics, liquor violations, gambling, and other miscellaneous misdemeanors . Meanwhile, there was a 3 percent decrease citywide. "\[The City\] concluded that concentrations of adult businesses are associated with higher rates of prostitution, robbery, assaults, and thefts in surrounding communities. Accordingly, the city enacted an ordinance prohibiting the establishment, substantial enlargement, or transfer of ownership of an adult arcade, bookstore, cabaret, motel, theater, or massage parlor or a place for sexual encounters within 1,000 feet of another such enterprise or within 500 feet of any religious institution, school, or public park. \[Later, the city realized that its method of calculating distances created a loophole permitting the concentration of multiple adult enterprises in a single structure.\]" In response, Los Angeles enacted 12.70(C), the zoning law which dealt with the problem.

"The issue is whether, in such a case, the City Council can rely on the fact that the Fourth Circuit examined and upheld a state law almost identical to the Los Angeles ordinance, or whether a study or other evidence is required demonstrating that a combination adult bookstore/arcade standing alone produces harmful secondary effects. An amicus brief, which brought to the Court's attention the broadening scope of adult business zoning so that mainstream businesses are often regulated, was filed in August 2001 on behalf of the American Booksellers Foundation for Free Expression, Feminists for Free Expression, the Freedom to Read Foundation, the International Periodical Distributors Association, the Publishers Marketing Association and the Video Software Dealers Association."

"The two plaintiffs operated their adult businesses from the same location. Both sold adult print media and operated an "adult arcade." In 1995, after a city inspector informed both parties that they were violating the ordinance, they sued, claiming that enforcing the ordinance would violate their First Amendment rights."

## Summary Of Plurality Opinion

In a plurality opinion delivered by Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, the Court ruled that "the city of Los Angeles may reasonably rely on the 1977 study when enacting the present version of section 12.70(C) to demonstrate that its ban on multiple-use adult establishments serves its interest in reducing crime. Three other Justices joined in this holding. Concurring, Justice Anthony M. Kennedy concluded that Los Angeles may impose its regulation in the exercise of the zoning authority, and that the city is not, at least, to be foreclosed by summary judgment. Justice David H. Souter, with whom Justices John Paul Stevens, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and Stephen G. Breyer joined, dissented. Justice Souter argued that the 1977 study, while pursuing a policy of dispersing adult establishments, evolved to a policy of breaking-up combined bookstores/video arcades, for which the study's evidence was insufficient." "The plurality wrote that 'the Los Angeles City Council is in a better position than the Judiciary to gather and evaluate data on local problems.'" "The issue in this case is the district court's grant of summary judgment against the City of Los Angeles on the grounds that the City's Ordinance for the dispersal of adult entertainment businesses violates the First Amendment. We reverse. The district court erred by granting summary judgment on the issue whether the plaintiffs had presented "actual and convincing" evidence "casting doubt" on the city's rationale for its Ordinance."

## Concurrence

Justices Scalia, and Kennedy wrote concurring opinions. Scalia stated "I join the plurality opinion because I think it represents a correct application of our jurisprudence concerning regulation of the "secondary effects" of pornographic speech. As I have said elsewhere, however, in a case such as this our First Amendment traditions make "secondary effects" analysis quite unnecessary. The Constitution does not prevent those communities that wish to do so from regulating, or indeed entirely suppressing, the business of pandering sex." Kennedy said "Speech can produce tangible consequences. It can change minds. It can prompt actions. These primary effects signify the power and the necessity of free speech. Speech can also cause secondary effects, however, unrelated to the impact of the speech on its audience. A newspaper factory may cause pollution, and a billboard may obstruct a view. These secondary consequences are not always immune from regulation by zoning laws even though they are produced by speech. Municipal governments know that high concentrations of adult businesses can damage the value and the integrity of a neighborhood. The damage is measurable; it is all too real. The law does not require a city to ignore these consequences if it uses its zoning power in a reasonable way to ameliorate them without suppressing speech. A city's "interest in attempting to preserve the quality of urban life is one that must be accorded high respect...""

## Dissenting opinion

A dissenting opinion was authored by Justice Souter, who stated, "In 1977, the city of Los Angeles studied sections of the city with high and low concentrations of adult business establishments catering to the market for the erotic. The city found no certain correlation between the location of those establishments and depressed property values, but it did find some correlation between areas of higher concentrations of such business and higher crime rates. On that basis, Los Angeles followed the examples of other cities in adopting a zoning ordinance requiring dispersion of adult establishments. I assume that the ordinance was constitutional when adopted, and assume for purposes of this case that the original ordinance remains valid today. The city subsequently amended its ordinance to forbid clusters of such businesses at one address, as in a mall. The city has, in turn, taken a third step to apply this amendment to prohibit even a single proprietor from doing business in a traditional way that combines an adult bookstore, selling books, magazines, and videos, with an adult arcade, consisting of open viewing booths, where potential purchasers of videos can view them for a fee." Souter goes on to argue that businesses at one address are not in violation of the original intent of the law. He goes on to say "My concern is not with the assumption behind the amendment itself, that a conglomeration of adult businesses under one roof, as in a minimal or adult department store, will produce undesirable secondary effects comparable to what a cluster of separate adult establishments brings about, ante, at 8. That may or may not be so. The assumption that is clearly unsupported, however, goes to the city's supposed interest in applying the amendment to the book and video stores in question, and in applying it to break them up."

## Historical significance

This case was significant because it stated limits on freedom of speech. Kennedy drew a line stating that the effects of freedom of speech are not protected by the first amendment, creating an analogy between newspaper factories causing pollution. Such a company certainly has the right to print newspapers; however they must succumb to the environmental laws. The same is true here; these stores have a right to conduct business; however when a law is passed relating to the secondary effects of their commerce, adult business is subject to obey such a zoning ordinance. "It is questionable whether some types of establishments, especially those that are adult-oriented, enjoy the First Amendment's full protection. Allegedly, a lesser extent of protection applies when city governments, acting within their zoning powers, inhibit the prosperity of these businesses by limiting their choice of location, hours, and modes of operation. City governments are fully entitled to restrict the free use of land if the regulation is justified by "some aspect of the police ..."

## InfoBox

| Los Angeles v. Alameda Books, Inc. | |
| --- | --- |
| Supreme Court of the United States | |
| Argued December 4, 2001
Decided May 13, 2002 | |
| Full case name | *City of Los Angeles v. Alameda Books, Inc., et al.* |
| Citations | 535 U.S. 425 (*more*)122 S. Ct. 1728; 152 L. Ed. 2d 670; 2002 U.S. LEXIS 3424; 70 U.S.L.W. 4369; 30 Media L. Rep. 1769; 2002 Cal. Daily Op. Service 4067; 2002 Daily Journal DAR 5167; 15 Fla. L. Weekly Fed. S 267 |
| Holding | |
| Los Angeles may reasonably rely on its 1977 study to demonstrate that its present ban on multiple use adult establishments serves its interest in reducing crime. | |
| Court membership | |
| Chief Justice William Rehnquist  Associate Justices John P. Stevens **·**  Sandra Day O'Connor
Antonin Scalia **·**  Anthony Kennedy
David Souter **·**  Clarence Thomas
Ruth Bader Ginsburg **·**  Stephen Breyer | |
| Case opinions | |
| Plurality | O'Connor, joined by Rehnquist, Scalia, Thomas |
| Concurrence | Scalia |
| Concurrence | Kennedy (in judgment) |
| Dissent | Souter, joined by Stevens, Ginsburg; Breyer (Part II) |


title: Lintneria justiciae

abstract: Lintneria justiciae is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from south-eastern Brazil, eastern Argentina and Uruguay. Adults have been recorded in late January in Brazil. The larvae have been recorded feeding on Justicia, Petunia and Hyptis sidifolia.

text:
# Lintneria justiciae

***Lintneria justiciae*** is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from south-eastern Brazil, eastern Argentina and Uruguay.

Adults have been recorded in late January in Brazil.

The larvae have been recorded feeding on *Justicia*, *Petunia* and *Hyptis sidifolia*.

## InfoBox

| *Lintneria justiciae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Sphingidae |
| Genus: | *Lintneria* |
| Species: | ***L. justiciae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lintneria justiciae***<br>(Walker, 1856) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Sphinx justiciae* Walker, 1856 * *Sphinx anteros* Ménétriés, 1857 | |