title: Île du Belvédère

abstract: Île du Belvédère is an island located on the lake of Parc des Buttes Chaumont, in the 19th arrondissement of Paris. Covering an area of around 6,700 m⁲ (72,000 sq ft), it is connected to the bank by two bridges: to the west by Pont des Suicidés, made of stone, and to the south by a hanging walkway, made of wood.

text:
# Île du Belvédère

**Île du Belvédère** is an island located on the lake of Parc des Buttes Chaumont, in the 19th arrondissement of Paris. Covering an area of around 6,700 m2 (72,000 sq ft), it is connected to the bank by two bridges: to the west by Pont des Suicidés, made of stone, and to the south by a hanging walkway, made of wood.

## The Temple de la Sibylle

This pavilion, referred to as the "Temple of Sibyl", located at the top of the island, is at a height of 30 meters above the lake water level. It was built in 1866 by Gabriel Davioud and inspired by the Temple of Vesta in Tivoli, Italy; a similar structure, also built by Davioud, is found in the Bois de Vincennes on Île de Reuilly.

48°52′52″N 2°22′59″E / 48.88111°N 2.38306°E / 48.88111; 2.38306


title: Scopula nacida

abstract: Scopula nacida is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1901. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.

text:
# Scopula nacida

***Scopula nacida*** is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1901. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.

## Subspecies

It has two subspecies:

* *Scopula nacida nacida* (Ecuador)
* *Scopula nacida cinerosaria* (Warren, 1904) (Peru)

## InfoBox

| *Scopula nacida* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Scopula* |
| Species: | ***S. nacida*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Scopula nacida***<br>(Dognin, 1901) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Craspedia nacida* Dognin, 1901 * *Emmiltis cinerosaria* Warren, 1904 | |


abstract: The R.W. Estes Celery Company Precooler Historic District is a U.S. historic district located in Oviedo, Florida. The district is at 159 North Central Avenue. It contains 3 buildings and 2 structures.

text:
# R. W. Estes Celery Company Precooler Historic District

The **R.W. Estes Celery Company Precooler Historic District**  (also known as the Nelson & Company Precooler Historic District) is a U.S. historic district (designated as such on September 20, 2001) located in Oviedo, Florida. The district is at 159 North Central Avenue. It contains 3 buildings and 2 structures.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| R.W. Estes Celery Company Precooler Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Oviedo, Florida |
| Coordinates | 28°40′18″N 81°12′33″W / 28.67167°N 81.20917°W / 28.67167; -81.20917 |
| Area | 63 acres (250,000 m2) |
| NRHP reference No. | 01001022 |
| Added to NRHP | September 20, 2001 |


title: Cuckoo (album)

abstract: Cuckoo is the second studio album to be released by the British alternative rock band Curve. It was released on 13 September 1993 and was issued by Anxious Records and Charisma Records. It was less commercially successful than the band's previous releases.

text:
# Cuckoo (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Chicago Tribune* |  |
| *Entertainment Weekly* | B+ |
| *Los Angeles Times* |  |
| *NME* | 5/10 |
| *The Philadelphia Inquirer* |  |
|  |  |
| *Select* | 5/5 |
| *Vox* | 6/10 |

***Cuckoo*** is the second studio album to be released by the British alternative rock band Curve. It was released on 13 September 1993 and was issued by Anxious Records and Charisma Records. It was less commercially successful than the band's previous releases.

## Release

*Cuckoo* was released in the United Kingdom on 13 September 1993 by Anxious Records, and in the United States on 21 September 1993 by Anxious and Charisma Records. Two singles were issued from the album: "Blackerthreetracker" (which featured the *Cuckoo* song "Missing Link" as its lead track) on 23 August 1993, and "Superblaster" on 8 November 1993. In the UK, *Cuckoo* underperformed commercially compared to previous Curve releases, peaking at number 23 on the UK Albums Chart. Several months after the album's release, Curve disbanded, though they would reform in 1996.

In the August 1996 issue of *Select* magazine, Curve frontwoman Toni Halliday said: "I still think our second album was our best. It got to the point where Dean didn't want to tour. We did reach that point of hedonistic head-fuckery, glugging JD, hollering 'Where's the schnozz?' You finally get that out of your system and think, 'This is sad.' We couldn't have gone on like that."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Dean Garcia and Toni Halliday

| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Missing Link" |  | 4:59 |
| 2. | "Crystal" | * Curve * Flood | 4:02 |
| 3. | "Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus" | * Curve * Flood | 4:36 |
| 4. | "All of One" | * Curve * Flood | 4:19 |
| 5. | "Unreadable Communication" |  | 5:51 |
| 6. | "Turkey Crossing" | * Curve * Osborne | 4:53 |
| 7. | "Superblaster" | * Curve * Flood | 4:01 |
| 8. | "Left of Mother" | * Curve * Flood | 4:10 |
| 9. | "Sweetest Pie" | * Curve * Flood | 3:59 |
| 10. | "Cuckoo" | * Curve * Osborne | 4:56 |
| Total length: | | | 45:46 |

## Personnel

Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.

**Curve**

**Additional musicians**

* Flood – electronics
* Sally Herbert – violin on "Superblaster" and "Left of Mother"
* Alex Mitchell – guitar
* Steve Monti – drums on "Crystal", "Superblaster" and "Sweetest Pie"
* Alan Moulder – guitar
* Steve Osborne – guitar
* Debbie Smith – guitar

**Production**

* Darren Allisonmixing (assistant)
* Curve – production
* Flood – production
* Alan Moulder – mixing
* Steve Osborne – production on "Unreadable Communication", "Turkey Crossing" and "Cuckoo"

**Design**

* Andrew Catlin – band photography
* Flat Earth – sleeve design, cover photography
* Vaughan Matthews – cover photography

## Charts

| Chart (1993) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| European Top 100 Albums (*Music & Media*) | 77 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 23 |
| UK Independent Albums (OCC) | 2 |
| US Heatseekers Albums (*Billboard*) | 18 |

## InfoBox

| Cuckoo | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Curve | |
| Released | 13 September 1993 (1993-09-13) |
| Recorded | December 1992 – March 1993 |
| Studio | Todal (London) |
| Genre | Shoegaze |
| Length | 45:46 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
| Curve chronology | |
| *Radio Sessions*
(1993) ***Cuckoo***
(1993) *Come Clean*
(1998) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Cuckoo* | |
| 1. "Blackerthreetracker"
Released: 23 August 1993 2. "Superblaster"
Released: 8 November 1993 | |
|  | |


title: Bromcom

abstract: Bromcom Computers plc is a British technology company, based in Bromley. It provides schools, colleges, local authorities and multi academy trusts with Cloud MIS and Finance software. Bromcom is used by schools in Telford & Wrekin, Ark Schools, the Harris Federation and West Sussex.

text:
# Bromcom

**Bromcom Computers plc** is a British technology company, based in Bromley. It provides schools, colleges, local authorities and multi academy trusts with Cloud MIS (management information software) and Finance software.

Bromcom is used by schools in Telford & Wrekin, Ark Schools, the Harris Federation and West Sussex.

## History

Bromcom was founded in 1986 by computer scientist Ali Guryel as a private company serving business-to-business alongside sister company Frontline Technology Ltd.

Bromcom's first product in the early 1990s was the EARS (Electronic Attendance Registration System), a software package designed to replace paper registers, which was shown on the BBC's Tomorrow's World in January 1994.

In 1999, consultancy firm Capita did not cooperate with Bromcom's request for improved interoperability with their SIMS system: Bromcom complained to the now defunct Office of Fair Trading (OfT), who sided Bromcom in that Capita was required to offer interoperability. Later in 2020, it was involved in legal disputes with United Learning over claims of a breach of contract.

In June 2000, Bromcom launched a 'Parent Portal', MyChildAtSchool.com, to enable pupil's parents to access information about their child's academic performance via the internet. This innovation led to Bromcom receiving a Queens Enterprise Award in 2001, with a mobile app later being developed for android and iOS devices.

After initial works in 2004, 2005 saw Bromcom launch their own MIS system into the market. Bromcom then became the first company in the UK to create a fully cloud-based MIS solution in 2011, which is now used in thousands of schools and education establishments across the UK.

In March 2012, a new framework agreement was created in a £575m deal with the Department for Education. 18 suppliers were appointed under the new framework, including Bromcom, Capita, Serco, and RM plc. The agreement was set up by the Government Procurement Service on behalf of the DfE.

The Covid-19 pandemic saw Bromcom switch to fully remote operations for the first time in its history, which led to a period of growth where the company grew from 120 to 180 employees. The company now employs nearly 250 staff across the country.

In 2020, Bromcom was involved in legal disputes with United Learning over claims of a breach of contract. This culminated with the high court ruling in Bromcom’s favour in December 2022. After finding that United Learning acted unlawfully, it was determined that Bromcom would have won the 57-school contract in question, had it not been for the breaches found. In line with Bromcom’s motivation in bringing this case to light, it has pledged to donate 50 per cent of any damages recovered, after accounting for costs and expenses, to education charities and awareness campaigns for best practice in public procurement, including fair competition and open systems.

In March 2022, Bromcom entered a partnership with West Sussex County Council to provide MIS and Finance software to their 200+ maintained schools.

In 2022 and 2023, Bromcom were voted as the Megabuyte Best Performing Company of the year, with innovation and the company’s forward-thinking nature regarded as key factors. 2023 also saw Bromcom become the UK’s first MIS provider to create and offer a built in AI chatbot, Bromcom AI. Bromcom AI has helped schools with thousands of queries, with further developments currently underway.

In 2024, Bromcom announced a partnership with the Education Authority (EA) Northern Ireland to provide Cloud MIS software to 1100 schools across the country. The goal of the project is to provide high quality, sustainable, core education technology services to schools and to ensure that they are appropriate to meet the current and future needs of school children, young people, teachers, school leaders, parents, and guardians in Northern Ireland.

## InfoBox

Bromcom Computers plc
|
|  |
| Formerly | Shoebox Ltd. (July–Nov 1986) |
| Company type | Public |
| Industry | Technology company |
| Founded | 24 July 1986 (1986-07-24) |
| Founder | Ali Guryel |
| Headquarters | Bromley, Greater London, England |
| Website | bromcom.com |


title: Cale, Arkansas

abstract: Cale is a town in Nevada County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 75 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Hope Micropolitan Statistical Area. The town was named after Cale Wardell.

text:
# Cale, Arkansas

**Cale** is a town in Nevada County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 75 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Hope Micropolitan Statistical Area.

The town was named after Cale Wardell.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of, 2.8 km2 (1.1 sq mi), of which 2.5 km2 (0.97 sq mi) is land and 0.2 km2 (0.077 sq mi) (8.33%) is water.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1980 | 110 |  |  |
| 1990 | 70 |  | −36.4% |
| 2000 | 75 |  | 7.1% |
| 2010 | 79 |  | 5.3% |
| 2020 | 73 |  | −7.6% |
| U.S. Decennial Census
2014 Estimate | | | |

As of the census of 2000, there were 75 people, 30 households and 21 families residing in the town. The population density was 29.5 people/km2 (76 people/sq mi). There were 40 housing units at an average density of 15.8 units/km2 (41 units/sq mi). The racial makeup of the town was 97.33% White and 2.67% Black or African American.

There were 30 households, out of which 23.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.0% were married couples living together, 3.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.7% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 20.0% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 32.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $39,063, and the median income for a family was $58,438. Males had a median income of $29,375 versus $37,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $21,611. There were 8.7% of families and 11.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including 11.1% of under eighteens and none of those over 64.

## Infrastructure

### Highways

## Education

Nevada School District serves the area.

On July 1, 1985 Cale School District merged into the Nevada County School District.

1. "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
2. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Cale, Arkansas
3. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
4. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Archived from the original on May 22, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
5. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
6. "ConsolidationAnnex\_from\_1983.xls Archived 2015-09-12 at the Wayback Machine." Arkansas Department of Education. Retrieved on October 13, 2017.

cale also makes a great name

## InfoBox

| Cale, Arkansas | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Location of Cale in Nevada County, Arkansas. | |
| Coordinates: 33°37′32″N 93°14′33″W / 33.62556°N 93.24250°W / 33.62556; -93.24250 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Arkansas |
| County | Nevada |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.06 sq mi (2.73 km2) |
| Land | 0.97 sq mi (2.50 km2) |
| Water | 0.09 sq mi (0.23 km2) |
| Elevation | 299 ft (91 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 73 |
| Density | 75.57/sq mi (29.19/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 71828 |
| Area code | 870 |
| FIPS code | 05-10480 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2405360 |


title: Post-consumerism

abstract: Post-consumerism is a view or ideology that well-being, as distinct from material prosperity, is the aim of life, and often suggesting that there is a growing willingness to assert such. Post-consumerism can also be viewed as moving beyond the current model of addictive consumerism. This personal and societal strategy utilizes each individual's core values to identify the "satisfaction of enough for today," also called "self-defined enoughness." The intent and outcome of this basic strategy to date has "reached people where they are rather than simply where we are." Therefore the "Do I have enough stuff for now?" campaign "is promoting this intriguing question" regardless of the answer.

text:
# Post-consumerism

**Post-consumerism** is a view or ideology that well-being, as distinct from material prosperity, is the aim of life, and often suggesting that there is a growing willingness to assert such. Post-consumerism can also be viewed as moving beyond the current model of addictive consumerism. This personal and societal strategy utilizes each individual's core values to identify the "satisfaction of enough for today," also called "self-defined enoughness." The intent and outcome of this basic strategy to date has "reached people where they are rather than simply where we are." Therefore the "Do I have enough stuff for now?" campaign "is promoting this intriguing question" regardless of the answer.


title: David Gosselin

abstract: David Gosselin is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger who played 13 games in the National Hockey League for the Nashville Predators between 2000 and 2001. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1998 to 2012, was mainly spent in the minor leagues. He was drafted 78th overall by the New Jersey Devils in the 1995 NHL Entry Draft and made his NHL debut for the Predators during the 1999–00 NHL season.

text:
# David Gosselin

**David Gosselin** (born June 22, 1977) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger who played 13 games in the National Hockey League for the Nashville Predators between 2000 and 2001. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1998 to 2012, was mainly spent in the minor leagues. He was drafted 78th overall by the New Jersey Devils in the 1995 NHL Entry Draft and made his NHL debut for the Predators during the 1999–00 NHL season.

## Career statistics

### Regular season and playoffs

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1992–93 | Richelieu Riverains | QMAAA | | 40 | 5 | 12 | 17 | 24 | | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 1993–94 | Richelieu Riverains | QMAAA | | 44 | 26 | 19 | 45 | 62 | | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| 1994–95 | Sherbrooke Faucons | QMJHL | | 58 | 8 | 8 | 16 | 36 | | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 1995–96 | Sherbrooke Faucons | QMJHL | | 55 | 24 | 24 | 48 | 147 | | 7 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 |
| 1996–97 | Sherbrooke Faucons | QMJHL | | 23 | 11 | 5 | 26 | 52 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1996–97 | Chicoutimi Sagueneens | QMJHL | | 28 | 17 | 35 | 52 | 60 | | 12 | 9 | 7 | 16 | 16 |
| 1996–97 | Chicoutimi Sagueneens | M-Cup | |  |  |  |  |  | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 2 |
| 1997–98 | Chicoutimi Sagueneens | QMJHL | | 69 | 46 | 64 | 110 | 139 | | 6 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 8 |
| 1998–99 | Milwaukee Admirals | IHL | | 74 | 17 | 11 | 28 | 78 | | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 1999–00 | Nashville Predators | NHL | | 10 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1999–00 | Milwaukee Admirals | IHL | | 70 | 21 | 20 | 41 | 118 | | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| 2000–01 | Milwaukee Admirals | IHL | | 32 | 5 | 9 | 14 | 56 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2001–02 | Nashville Predators | NHL | | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2001–02 | Milwaukee Admirals | AHL | | 66 | 11 | 21 | 32 | 112 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2002–03 | Utah Grizzlies | AHL | | 80 | 12 | 22 | 34 | 141 | | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| 2003–04 | Frankfurt Lions | DEL | | 43 | 6 | 9 | 15 | 48 | | 15 | 7 | 8 | 15 | 20 |
| 2004–05 | Kassel Huskies | DEL | | 50 | 7 | 8 | 15 | 48 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2005–06 | Frankfurt Lions | DEL | | 50 | 12 | 8 | 20 | 124 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2006–07 | Bietigheim Steelers | GER-2 | | 49 | 20 | 23 | 43 | 137 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2007–08 | Alba Volán Székesfehérvár | EBEL | | 12 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 22 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2007–08 | Alba Volán Székesfehérvár | HUN | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2007–08 | Saint-Jean Chiefs | LNAH | | 36 | 20 | 29 | 49 | 62 | | 4 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 6 |
| 2008–09 | 98.3 FM de Saguenay | LNAH | | 34 | 10 | 21 | 31 | 59 | | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 2009–10 | Saguenay Marquis | LNAH | | 17 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 12 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2009–10 | Isothermic de Thetford Mines | LNAH | | 5 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 8 | | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 8 |
| 2010–11 | Rivière-du-Loup 3L | LNAH | | 40 | 15 | 20 | 35 | 72 | | 9 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 25 |
| 2011–12 | Rivière-du-Loup 3L | LNAH | | 31 | 11 | 20 | 31 | 41 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| DEL totals | | | | 143 | 25 | 25 | 50 | 220 | | 21 | 8 | 8 | 16 | 61 |
| NHL totals | | | | 13 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 11 | |  |  |  |  |  |

## InfoBox

| David Gosselin | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1977-06-22) June 22, 1977
Lévis, Quebec, Canada | | |
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (183 cm) | | |
| Weight | 195 lb (88 kg; 13 st 13 lb) | | |
| Position | Right wing | | |
| Shot | Right | | |
| Played for | Nashville Predators
 | | |
| NHL draft | 78th overall, 1995
New Jersey Devils | | |
| Playing career | 19982012 | | |


title: Carposina phycitana

abstract: Carposina phycitana is a moth in the Carposinidae family. It was described by Walsingham in 1914. It is found in Panama.

text:
# Carposina phycitana

***Carposina phycitana*** is a moth in the Carposinidae family. It was described by Walsingham in 1914. It is found in Panama.

## InfoBox

| *Carposina phycitana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Carposinidae |
| Genus: | *Carposina* |
| Species: | ***C. phycitana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Carposina phycitana***<br>Walsingham, 1914 | |
|


title: Santa Monica State Beach

abstract: Santa Monica State Beach is a California State Park operated by the city of Santa Monica. The beach is located along Pacific Coast Highway. It is 3.5 miles (5.6 km) long and has parks, picnic areas, playgrounds, restrooms, as well as staffed lifeguard stations, the Muscle Beach, bike rentals, concessions, a few hotels, a bike path, and wooden pathways for beachgoers with disabilities. Visitor activities include volleyball, surfing, stand up paddleboarding, and swimming. Smoking at the beach is prohibited.

text:
# Santa Monica State Beach

**Santa Monica State Beach** is a California State Park operated by the city of Santa Monica.

The beach is located along Pacific Coast Highway. It is 3.5 miles (5.6 km) long and has parks, picnic areas, playgrounds, restrooms, as well as staffed lifeguard stations, the Muscle Beach, bike rentals, concessions, a few hotels, a bike path, and wooden pathways for beachgoers with disabilities. Visitor activities include volleyball, surfing, stand up paddleboarding, and swimming. Smoking at the beach is prohibited.

## Activities

At the foot of Colorado Avenue lies the Santa Monica Pier, which dates from 1909. The pier has a National Historic Landmark -– the 1922 Looff Hippodrome Carousel.

Just south of the pier volleyball courts is International Chess Park with public chess tables and a human-scale chessboard set into the sidewalk.

Palisades Park is located atop Santa Monica's cliffs, providing a vantage point to see the Santa Monica Beach and the Pacific Ocean.

The beach is the one featured in the album art for Umbrella Beach by Owl City.

The beach will host beach volleyball and surfing during the 2028 Summer Olympics.

## Wildlife

Snowy Plovers nest on the beach.

In November, 2023, the city announced a plan to restore an additional 5-acre section (2.0 ha) of beach north of the pier into a native coastal strand habitat.

The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) has developed a safe eating advisory for fish caught in the Santa Monica Beach based on levels of mercury or PCBs found in local species.

## "Ink Well"

A section of the beach was referred to as "Ink Well" and "Negro Beach" in the early 20th century when it was one of the few areas in California where African Americans were allowed to enjoy beach access in a largely segregated society. Other areas for blacks were Bruce's Beach in Manhattan Beach and the Pacific Beach Club in Orange County. Nick Gabaldon, one of the first black surfers in California, lived in Santa Monica, and used the 200 foot roped off stretch of beach demarcated for blacks. He died after crashing into the Malibu Pier.

## Arlington West

Arlington West was a temporary memorial created on Santa Monica Beach just north of the Santa Monica Pier at Santa Monica, every Sunday from sunrise to sunset. Crosses are placed on the beach for each U.S. military person who has died in the Iraq War. The number of crosses erected every Sunday now exceeds 4,000. For military personnel killed within the week past, flag draped coffins with blue crosses are positioned in front. The Arlington West Memorial, a project of Veterans For Peace, is intended to offer visitors a graceful, visually and emotionally powerful, place for reflection.

## InfoBox

| Santa Monica State Beach | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Los Angeles County, California |
| Nearest city | Santa Monica |
| Coordinates | 34°0′54″N 118°30′6″W / 34.01500°N 118.50167°W / 34.01500; -118.50167 |
| Governing body | California Department of Parks and Recreation |


title: Šašinovec

abstract: Šašinovec is a village in Croatia. It is formally a settlement (naselje) of Zagreb, the capital of Croatia.

text:
# Šašinovec

**Šašinovec** is a village in Croatia. It is formally a settlement (naselje) of Zagreb, the capital of Croatia.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 772.

## InfoBox

| Šašinovec | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Šašinovec | |
| Coordinates: 45°51′N 16°10′E / 45.850°N 16.167°E / 45.850; 16.167 | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | City of Zagreb |
| City District | Sesvete |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.9 sq mi (10.2 km2) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 772 |
| Density | 200/sq mi (76/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Scooby-Doo! Stage Fright

abstract: Scooby-Doo! Stage Fright is a 2013 direct-to-DVD animated musical comedy horror film, and the twenty-first entry in the direct-to-video series of Scooby-Doo films. It was released on August 20, 2013, by Warner Premiere, the last film to be released under this label due to its dissolution the previous year. The movie made its linear premiere on Cartoon Network in the United States on March 25, 2023.

text:
# Scooby-Doo! Stage Fright

***Scooby-Doo! Stage Fright*** is a 2013 direct-to-DVD animated musical comedy horror film, and the twenty-first entry in the direct-to-video series of *Scooby-Doo* films. It was released on August 20, 2013, by Warner Premiere, the last film to be released under this label due to its dissolution the previous year. The movie made its linear premiere on Cartoon Network in the United States on March 25, 2023.

## Plot

The Mystery Inc. gang head to Chicago, Illinois for a talent show, called *Talent Star*, hosted by Brick Pimiento, where songwriting duo Fred and Daphne are finalists. Upon arrival, they learn that the opera house in which the show will be held is being terrorized by a Phantom, who is intensely lauding one of the finalists to win, Chrissy, a spoiled girl whose noisy parents are no more polite than she is. Fred and Daphne also befriend one of the finalists, Emma Gale, a violinist.

Not long after checking in for the talent show, the Phantom appears in the opera house and Fred, Daphne and Velma attempt to catch him using the surveillance cameras, but are unsuccessful due to the Phantom’s ability to seemingly appear in multiple places at once. While being chased by the Phantom, Shaggy and Scooby notice the Phantom has a strange lemon scent and afterwards, the gang split up to search for clues. Fred and Daphne meet the owner of the opera house Mel Richmond. They learn from Richmond that a Phantom once terrorized the opera house thirty-five years ago when it was a disco.

The dress rehearsal commences the next day. Fred and Daphne meet Emma’s parents, who are hoping to get the prize money to save their home from bankruptcy. During the dress rehearsal, the Phantom sabotages most of the finalists’ acts, leaving Chrissy, Emma, and Fred and Daphne as the only contestants left. Due to these attacks, Fred and Daphne decide to use themselves as bait to lure the Phantom out. The gang manage to track down a Phantom, only to find it is the original Phantom, a man named Steve Trilby. Steve admits to the gang that he vandalized the opera house due to his hatred for disco music, but that now he only goes into the opera house to get food. The gang return to the stage to find the Phantom setting fire to the opera house. With the help of Steve, they catch the Phantom, who is revealed to be Mel Richmond, hoping to collect the insurance money on the opera house. However, the gang learn that Richmond is not the Phantom they are after when they hear another Phantom threatening to destroy the place.

Later that night, using Emma as bait, the gang manage to capture the Phantom, who turns out to be Chrissy's father Lance. However, Shaggy and Scooby find out that assistant director Dewey Ottoman is also a Phantom, when they see him putting on lemon-scented hand sanitizer. They rush to Ottoman's office and find a magazine about the Soap Diamond, which is on display at a mineralogical center nearby. They rush to the mineralogical center and find Ottoman running out of the building. Ottoman trips and drops the Soap Diamond, which Scooby catches. Ottoman pursues the gang toward a drawbridge, where Fred tricks him into jumping into a barge filled with garbage. Ottoman is arrested and the gang return to the opera house just in time for Fred and Daphne to participate in a tie-breaker performance. When they realize what the loss would mean to Emma, they decide throw the competition allowing Emma to win. At the end of the show, Pimiento confesses that he only used the Phantom to boost the show's ratings.

During the credits, the gang stops at a gas station where they see the news that Steve has become the new host of *Talent Star* after the show has been renewed for a tenth season. Velma advises Daphne to talk to Fred about their possible relationship as Shaggy and Scooby advise Fred to do the same. Then they head out to Goose Lake to solve the mystery of the Goose Lake Monster.

## Voice cast

## Critical response

*DVD Verdict* offered that the plot was an unoriginal "rip-off of the classic *The Phantom of the Opera*" mixed with "overtones of *American Idol*" as well as other "reality based music shows". They also offered that while Blu-ray quality gives the film a ghoulish quality, it would be scary to only the youngest viewers. They noted Frank Welker as the voice of Fred, being the only holdover from the original series, and Matthew Lillard's return as the voice of Shaggy. They also offered that Mindy Cohn "fits in well as nerdy Velma" and that Vivica A. Fox, Peter MacNicol, and Wayne Brady in supporting roles "make the film slightly more interesting for adults who want to play the 'is that so-and-so's voice?' game." They concluded that for children, the film "will probably be a lot of fun and somewhat thrilling", due to the car and foot chases and its various adventures, but that "adults will find it to be a bit tedious, but if that surprises you, clearly you haven't spent much time around children's entertainment."

*Common Sense Media*, in their review of the film, deemed it a generic Scooby-Doo movie, giving it 3 out of 5 stars, while noting the greater degree of romance it compared to most other Scooby-Doo films. They praised Brady's performance as Brick Pimiento, calling it "extremely believable".

## InfoBox

| Scooby-Doo! Stage Fright | |
| --- | --- |
| DVD cover | |
| Directed by | Victor Cook |
| Written by | Doug Langdale
Candie Langdale |
| Based on | *Scooby-Doo*
by Joe Ruby and Ken Spears |
| Produced by | Victor Cook
Alan Burnett |
| Starring | Frank Welker
Mindy Cohn
Grey DeLisle
Matthew Lillard
Wayne Brady
Peter MacNicol
Ariel Winter |
| Edited by | Bruce King |
| Music by | Robert J. Kral |
| Production
company | Warner Bros. Animation |
| Distributed by | Warner Home Video |
| Release date | * August 20, 2013 (2013-08-20) |
| Running time | 78 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: USLHT Arbutus (1879 ship)

abstract: USLHT Arbutus was a wooden-hulled, steam-powered lighthouse tender built for the United States Lighthouse Board in 1879. She served on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts in this role until 1925. During World War I, she was transferred to the United States Navy and was commissioned as USS Arbutus, but her duties largely remained those of a lighthouse tender. She was sold in 1925 and became a workboat for Union Shipbuilding Company, which used her to salvage steel ships which were recycled in the company's shipyard. She was likely scrapped in 1935.

text:
# USLHT Arbutus (1879 ship)

**USLHT *Arbutus*** was a wooden-hulled, steam-powered lighthouse tender built for the United States Lighthouse Board in 1879. She served on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts in this role until 1925. During World War I, she was transferred to the United States Navy and was commissioned as **USS *Arbutus***, but her duties largely remained those of a lighthouse tender.

She was sold in 1925 and became a workboat for Union Shipbuilding Company, which used her to salvage steel ships which were recycled in the company's shipyard. She was likely scrapped in 1935.

## Construction and characteristics

On 20 June 1878 Congress appropriated $50,000 for the "building of a steam-tender for general service on the Atlantic coast." In October 1878 William T. Malster was the low bidder on the contract to build *Arbutus*. He bid $43,500 and a completion time of 260 days. Malster and Reaney Company built *Arbutus* at its shipyard in Canton, Maryland.

*Arbutus* was launched on 1 July 1879. She was christened by Miss Emma Lucas. The ship slid down the ways and promptly collided with the schooner *Ridie,* fully loaded with cargo, sailing out of Baltimore Harbor. *Arbutus'* starboard propeller hit the schooner and broke off one of its blades. The impact punched a large hole in *Ridie's* hull, and despite the efforts of her crew and a number of nearby vessels, she sank in the channel. *Ridie* was raised on 3 July 1879, and her owners submitted a bill to Malster and Reaney for damage to cargo, salvage costs, and repair of the ship. The shipyard declined to pay. The owners of *Ridie* sued Malsters and Reaney for $3,500 and won the full amount claimed. The decision was affirmed on appeal.

*Arbutus'* sea trial took place on 21 August 1879 in Delaware Bay. The ship attained a speed of 11 knots. Based on this successful trial, she was accepted by the Lighthouse Board on 1 September 1879. The ship's original cost was $49,769.

Her hull was built of wood. The ship was 150 feet (46 m) long overall (145 feet (44 m) between perpendiculars), with a beam of 25 feet (7.6 m), a depth of hold of 11 feet (3.4 m), and a draft of 7 feet 1 inch (2.16 m) when light, and 9 feet (2.7 m) when fully loaded. Her gross register tonnage was 400, and her net register tonnage was 75. She displaced 398 tons light and 545 tons loaded.

*Arbutus* was driven by two propellers. Power was provided by two inverted cylinder surface condensing steam engines. The cylinders in each engine were 21 inches (53 cm) in diameter and had a stroke of 27 inches (69 cm). Her boiler was coal-fired.

The ship was built as a gaff-rigged, two-masted schooner. Her foremast was used with a boom as a derrick to lift buoys and other heavy cargoes on and off the ship.

A steam-powered electric generator was installed on the ship in 1898. This powered electric lights and a searchlight. *Arbutus* had a radio installed in 1918. In order to accommodate a radio room, quarters for a radio operator, and to improve the officers' quarters, the ship underwent an extensive refit in 1918 that cost $27,967 and almost six months of work.

In 1909 *Arbutus* had a complement of 5 officers and 14 men.

Lighthouse tenders were named for trees and shrubs. Arbutus is a genus of flowering plants in the heather family. The *Arbutus* launched in 1879 was the second vessel of that name to serve as a lighthouse tender. A subsequent USLHT *Arbutus* was launched in 1933.

## United States government service (1879–1925)

### 4th Lighthouse District (1879-1882)

*Arbutus* first sailed in the fleet of the U.S. Lighthouse Board, a bureau of the U.S. Department of the Treasury. In this quasi-military organization, each Lighthouse District had an Inspector, typically a Naval officer, and an Engineer, typically an officer from the Army Corps of Engineers. While the Engineer was primarily responsible for the construction and maintenance of lighthouses, piers, and other structures, the Inspector was primarily responsible for supplying lighthouses and lightships, and maintaining buoys and lightships in their assigned locations. *Arbutus* was initially assigned to the inspector of the 4th Lighthouse District and based in Wilmington, Delaware. The district encompassed the coasts of Delaware and Maryland, and portions of the shores of New Jersey and Virginia. She replaced USLHT *Violet*, which was reassigned to the 5th Lighthouse District. *Violet's* crew, however, who knew the local waters, was transferred to *Arbutus*.

Buoys are moved by storms and ice, break loose from their anchors, are hit by passing ships, rust, and worn by the weather. They require periodic maintenance, and this was one of *Arbutus's* main missions. Her buoy tending chores were complicated by winter sea in Delaware Bay and the rivers which flowed into it. Ice would damage or sink large iron buoys, so every fall *Arbutus* would replace threatened nuns, cans, and bell buoys with wooden spar buoys. In the spring she would have to reverse the process and put all the metal buoys back in place. *Arbutus* also placed temporary buoys around wrecks while preparations were made to remove them.

Many lighthouses and all lightships were supplied by sea, since their remote locations offered no land transportation. *Arbutus* performed this task through her entire career, delivering mail, food, water, and other supplies.

While some lightships of this era were capable of self-propulsion, many were towed to and from their stations. For example, in 1881 *Arbutus* towed *Light-ship No. 40* to her station at Five-Fathom Bank.

As one of the few government vessels in the area, she was also involved in assisting vessels in distress. For example, on 5 April 1880, *Arbutus* towed the British freighter *Brennus* into deep water after she had gone aground.

### 7th and 8th Lighthouse Districts (1882-1917)

In March 1882, *Abutus* and USLHT *Geranium* switched assignments. *Arbutus* moved to New Orleans, while *Geranium* took her place at Wilmington. The change was made because *Arbutus* was judged to be more seaworthy in the open waters of the Gulf of Mexico. *Arbutus* was assigned to the District Engineers and thus supported construction and repairs. She was shared between the 7th and 8th Lighthouse Districts. Her responsibilities included the entire coast of the United States from the Mexican border to Cape Canaveral, Florida.

*Arbutus* carried men and materials, towed barges, pile-drivers, and caissons, and otherwise assisted in the construction of a number of lighthouses in the districts. These included the Anclote Key Light, Galveston Jetty Light, Hillsboro Inlet Light, Rebecca Shoal Light, Sabine Bank Light, and St. Joseph Point Light.

Her responsibilities also included repairing existing lighthouses in the districts. Among the light stations *Arbutus* maintained were the Aransas Pass Light, Cedar Key Light, Cape St. George Light, Charlotte Harbor Light, Crooked River Light, Egmont Key Light, Fort Barrancas Light, Fort McRee Light, Fort Point Light, Gasparilla Light, Horn Island Light, Mobile Point Light, Northwest Passage Light, Redfish Bar Cut Light, and Tortugas Harbor Light. One of *Arbutus'* other construction projects was laying electric cables between lighthouses and the mainland.

In 1886 the ship hit a submerged log in Mobile Bay and lost a propeller. That same year, she broke her foremast while pulling old pilings. *Arbutus* underwent forty-four days of repairs to correct these maintenance issues. In 1888 her boiler and a broken crankshaft in one of her engines was replaced.

In 1898, during the Spanish-American War, *Arbutus* assisted in laying mines at the entrance to Mobile Bay, a defense against the Spanish fleet.

*Arbutus* was the second government vessel carrying relief supplies to reach Galveston after the hurricane of 1900.

In 1903, the Lighthouse Board was transferred to the newly created U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor. Since the Lighthouse Board still had operational control of the U.S. Lighthouse Service, little changed in *Arbutus'* operations. In 1910, Congress abolished the Lighthouse Board and replaced it with the all-civilian Lighthouse Bureau of the Department of Commerce and Labor. This change did impact the ship's work in that District Inspectors and Engineers were replaced by a single civilian District Supervisor. All ships did any construction, maintenance, or buoy tending they were assigned.

### United States Navy (19171919)

On 11 April 1917 President Wilson issued Executive Order 2588 transferring a number of lighthouse tenders to support the American effort in World War I. *Arbutus* was transferred to the U.S. Department of War, and she was commissioned into the United States Navy as USS *Arbutus* on 4 June 1917. She was assigned to the 5th Naval District and moved her home port to Baltimore, Maryland. She replaced USLHT *Ivy* in the district but traded crews with her so as to retain local knowledge of Chesapeake Bay waters.

After the war, on 1 July 1919, the components of the Lighthouse Service which had become part of the Navy were returned to the supervision of the Department of Commerce. *Arbutus* was struck from the Navy List.

### 5th Lighthouse District (19191925)

After the war, *Arbutus* returned to her lighthouse tender duties under the 5th Lighthouse District. In 1919 *Arbutus* briefly played host to engineers developing radio direction finding equipment from the National Bureau of Standards.

### Obsolescence and sale

In his 1919 annual report, the Commissioner of Lighthouses reported that *Arbutus* was "worn out". Again, in his 1923 report, he wrote that *Arbutus* was "worn out and not worth further repair." The crew of *Arbutus* was transferred to USLHT *Mayflower* in August 1924. *Mayflower* was transferred to the 5th Lighthouse District to replace *Arbutus* which was laid up.

In January 1925 notice was given to the public that *Arbutus* would be sold in a sealed bid auction. On 14 April 1925 the bids for *Arbutus* were opened by the Superintendent of the 5th Lighthouse District. She was sold to the high-bidder, M. Bloch and Son, of Norfolk, Virginia for $3,025.

## Commercial Service (19251935)

The Union Shipbuilding Company developed a business of scrapping obsolete steel ships. It purchased *Arbutus* from M. Bloch and Son in December 1925 and used her to tow derelicts to its Baltimore shipyard. Her first assignment for her new owners was to pump out, refloat, and tow to port the burned and sunken steamer *Lenape* from near Lewes, Delaware. Perhaps her most newsworthy effort as a salvage steamer was assisting in refloating and scrapping of ex-USS *Alabama*, which was sunk as a target ship in Chesapeake Bay in 1921.

Federal documentation shows that *Arbutus* was "abandoned" sometime in 1935. Likely this means that she was scrapped by her owners, as both her wooden hull and steam engines were outmoded and worn down by nearly six decades of service.

## InfoBox

| USLHT *Arbutus* | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | USLHT *Arbutus* |
| Operator | United States Lighthouse Service |
| Builder | Malster and Reaney Company |
| Cost | $49,769 |
| Launched | 1 July 1879 |
| Identification | Signal Letters: GVMT |
| Fate | Transferred to U.S. Navy |
| United States | |
| Name | USS *Arbutus* |
| Operator | United States Navy |
| Acquired | 11 April 1917 |
| Identification | Signal letters: NAGM |
| Fate | Transferred to U.S. Lighthouse Service |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | USLHT *Arbutus* |
| Operator | United States Lighthouse Service |
| Acquired | 1 July 1919 |
| Decommissioned | 1925 |
| Identification | Signal Letters: GVMT |
| Fate | Sold at auction |
| United States | |
| Name | *Arbutus* |
| Operator | Union Shipbuilding Company |
| Acquired | 1925 |
| Identification | Signal Letters: MGBC, KJBR Official Number: 225246 |
| Fate | Scrapped in 1935 |
| General characteristics as built in 1879 | |
| Displacement | 545 tons fully loaded |
| Length | 150 ft (46 m) |
| Beam | 25 ft (7.6 m) |
| Draft | 8 ft (2.4 m) |
| Depth of hold | 11 ft (3.4 m) |
| Installed power | 2 steam engines |


title: Brombos

abstract: Brombos is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.

text:
# Brombos

**Brombos** is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 194 |  |
| 1975 | 193 | −0.07% |
| 1982 | 183 | −0.76% |
| 1990 | 188 | +0.34% |
| 1999 | 218 | +1.66% |
| 2009 | 249 | +1.34% |
| 2014 | 277 | +2.15% |
| 2020 | 254 | −1.43% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Brombos | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Location of Brombos | |
| BrombosBrombos | |
| Coordinates: 49°38′50″N 1°53′17″E / 49.6472°N 1.8881°E / 49.6472; 1.8881 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Hauts-de-France |
| Department | Oise |
| Arrondissement | Beauvais |
| Canton | Grandvilliers |
| Intercommunality | Picardie Verte |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Étienne Caux |
| Area**1** | 6.9 km2 (2.7 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 251 |
| Density | 36/km2 (94/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 60109 /60210 |
| Elevation | 175–207 m (574–679 ft)
(avg. 195 m or 640 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Savage Progress

abstract: Savage Progress was a pop group in the 1980s from England that had hits in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The band was founded by Rik Kenton Glynnis (voc) Ned Morant (perc.) Carol Isaacs and Andrew Edge (drums). They were a mixed-race group of musicians who used traditional pop styles as well as reggae, Caribbean dance rhythms and African rhythms. Savage Progress joined the Thompson Twins on the "Into the Gap" tour of Britain as support act. Savage Progress' biggest hit was "My Soul Unwraps Tonight", which was written by Kenton, a former member of Roxy Music.

text:
# Savage Progress

**Savage Progress** was a pop group in the 1980s from England that had hits in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The band was founded by Rik Kenton (b. 31 October 1945, in Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, England) Glynnis (voc) Ned Morant (perc.) Carol Isaacs (keyboards/background vocals) and Andrew Edge (drums). They were a mixed-race group of musicians who used traditional pop styles as well as reggae, Caribbean dance rhythms and African rhythms.

Savage Progress joined the Thompson Twins on the "Into the Gap" tour of Britain (February 1984) as support act. Savage Progress' biggest hit was "My Soul Unwraps Tonight", which was written by Kenton, a former member of Roxy Music.

## Early years

The band started with the meeting of Kenton and Glynnis in 1982. They later recruited Morant, who was not a professional percussionist, but was eager to learn and fitted in with the visual style of the band. They recorded a few basic demos over Christmas in 1982, at The Point studio in Victoria, London, with a young tape operator called Danny Hyde, who used the free time he was allowed by the studio to record four basic tracks. At that time the Point studio was under the control of Rupert Merton, who owned the Point Music publishing company. After hearing their demos he asked them to record more songs. Merton was then the Thompson Twins publisher, and later signed Freur/Underworld.

As Savage Progress had no drummer at that time, they invited Edge to join. Edge had rehearsed in The Point studio a few years before with the Thompson Twins, and was a friend of Alex Burak, the chief engineer. Edge had previously played with David Lloyd in Uropa Lula, and later introduced Isaacs to Savage Progress, as they had both previously worked together in Uropa Lula, which had been signed to Arista records the previous year.

### Racial mix

The racial mix within Savage Progress was never fully stressed in the media, but had a definite effect on their music: Glynnis was born in Zimbabwe to mixed race/African parents, Kenton is from Nottingham, Isaacs is English-Jewish, Morant has Indian parentage, and Edge is from Leeds, in northern England. This mix of differing cultures proved to be advantageous for Savage Progress' music, as Kenton infused their songs with as many cultural influences as possible. Larry Heard commented on his early influences, which include the Savage Progress song, "Heart Begin To Beat".

### Recording contract

After signing a publishing contract with Point Music, the band signed a contract with 10 Records (a subsidiary of Virgin Records) and released their first single, "My Soul Unwraps Tonight". It became a medium hit in Germany peaking at #14 in July 1984. The first album, *Celebration*, was partly produced by Paul "Wix" Wickens, who plays keyboards for Paul McCartney.

### Touring

Savage Progress supported Tina Turner at The Venue in Victoria, London, and joined the Thompson Twins on the "Into The Gap" tour of Britain (1984) as support act: 21 February 1984, Goldiggers, Chippenham/22, Apollo, Oxford/23, The Leisure Centre, Hereford/24-25, Brighton Conference Centre, Brighton/26-27, Colston Hall, Bristol/28, Coliseum, St. Austell/29, Arts Centre, Dorchester/2-3-4-5–6 March 1984, Hammersmith Odeon, London/8, Sheffield City Hall/9, Newcastle City Hall/10, Glasgow Apollo, Glasgow/11-12, Edinburgh Playhouse/13-14, Royal Concert Hall, Nottingham/15, Royal Court Theatre, Liverpool/16, Manchester Apollo/17-18, Birmingham Odeon, Birmingham/19, De Montfort Hall, Leicester/25, Birmingham Odeon/26-27, Hammersmith Palais.

In October of the same year they went on a tour of Germany, Austria and Switzerland, to capitalize on the success of their single releases.

### Session musicians

Keyboarder Steve French had earlier worked with Haircut One Hundred, and played keyboards for Savage Progress on the Thompson Twins *Mind The Gap* tour in February 1984, and after Savage Progress he worked with Tom Robinson and numerous other artists. Edge left shortly after the Thompson Twins tour, but was asked back to play on the European tour in October 1984. During his absence, drummer Stuart Elliot (previously with Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel) played drums with the band for a John Peel session on 18 July 1984, and also played on the song, "Ball and Chain", for their first album, *Celebration*. Neil Conti—from Prefab Sprout—played drums with them during the summer of 1984, before Edge was asked to rejoin. Mark Ferda played guitar with them on their European tour, and later worked with Jah Wobble, Bill Laswell, Brian Eno, and The Wolfgang Press.

### Lyrics

Kenton avoided normal topics and styles when writing lyrics, such as on, "My Souls Unwraps Tonight":

> "Suddenly there come a time lately, I'm my own little one / With my spear and my shield, democratically won / Suddenly in summertime baby, when your fire starts to burn / I can turn, I can turn, your disaster to fun / Hey, Hey, My Soul Unwraps Tonight"

### The end

Glynnis left the band after their tour of Europe in October 1984. The band were offered the chance to play European festivals in the summer of 1985 (with another singer) but Kenton declined and broke up the band. The remaining members played together as a backing band for other artists, but never re-formed using the original name.

## Before Savage Progress

After Roxy Music, Kenton recorded *Bungalow Love*  in 1974 for Island Records (1974 /UK Island 7 Inch, WIP6214). In 1976 Kenton recorded "The Libertine/Messin' Around" (7" single) (UK) EMI/EMI 2443. His band members for the recording included Chris Spedding/guitars, Jim Cregan/guitars, Herbie Flowers/bass, and Tony Newman/drums.

Glynnis had sung backing vocals with a reggae band, lead vocals in a punk band she had formed with her sister. Called 'The Max Factor ' their debut gig was at Toyah Willcox' 21st Birthday party. Morant had had various jobs, including inoculating chickens. Edge had played with the Thompson Twins, and Viva Lula, as well as drumming for various artists.

## After Savage Progress

Kenton worked with Bassomatic on one track of *Set the Controls for the Heart of the Bass* in 1990, but has not released any solo material. Carol Isaacs went on to work with many other artists, such as Sinéad O'Connor, Sam Brown, Squeeze, and the Indigo Girls. Edge moved to Austria to start a singing career, signing with his band YOYO EMI and later, BMG (as a solo artist), singing on various recordings, but is now working with Drumsing. Morant has worked with other bands, such as The 4 Of Us, Alabama 3, and Anne Clark. Guitarist Ferda later formed a duo with Glynnis after she left the band. Called 'Angel Chorus' they landed a recording deal with Virgin 10 Records and released a single, "Devil on my shoulder", produced by Zeus B. Held. Glynnis has since changed her name to Urtema Dolphin and now runs a successful practice incorporating sound and voice in her work as sound healer /spiritual teacher based in London. She has one son, Marlon (born 2 February 1995).

## Discography

### Albums

* *Celebration* (LP), 10 Records (UK) (1984)

### Singles

* "My Soul Unwraps Tonight" (7"), Virgin Records (Germany) (1984)
* "Burning Bush" (7"), 10 Records (UK) (1984)
* "Heart Begin to Beat" (7"), 10 Records (UK) (1984)

### Compilation appearances

* *Hit-News* (LP) - "My Soul Unwraps Tonight" – K-Tel International GmbH (1984)
* *Megamix Vol. 1* (2xLP) - "My Soul Unwraps Tonight" – Virgin Scandinavia AB (1984)
* *Megamix Vol. 2* (2xLP) - "Burning Bush (Testify)" – Virgin Scandinavia AB (1984)
* *Super 20 Hit-Sensation* (LP) - "Heart Begin to Beat" – Ariola (Germany) (1984)
* *The Best of 1980 – 1990 Vol. 6* (2xCD) - "My Soul Unwraps Tonight" – EMI Electrola GmbH (1992)

## InfoBox

| Savage Progress | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | London |
| Genres | Pop, dance, synthpop |
| Years active | 1982–1985 |
| Labels | 10 Records/Virgin Records |
|  | |
| Past members | Glynnis (voc)
Rik Kenton (bs)
Ned Morant (perc)
Carol Isaacs (key)
Andrew Edge (dr) |


title: Poul Weber

abstract: Poul Weber is a Danish politician, representing the Liberal party Venstre. He served as the last County Mayor of Funen County. As from 1 January 2007, Funen forms part of Region Syddanmark. Weber became County Mayor after this predecessor, Jan Boye, was elected Mayor of Odense in the Danish municipal elections of 15 November 2005. In the same election Weber ran for a seat in the Region Council of Region Syddanmark, where he was elected with a total of 8,011 votes. He previously served as Mayor of Egebjerg municipality, 1989–2001. Weber is married and the father of three children. He has worked in the construction business and is a fruit grower by profession.

text:
# Poul Weber

**Poul Weber** (born 30 December 1949) is a Danish politician, representing the Liberal party *Venstre*. He served as the last County Mayor of Funen County. As from 1 January 2007, Funen forms part of Region Syddanmark.

Weber became County Mayor after this predecessor, Jan Boye, was elected Mayor of Odense in the Danish municipal elections of 15 November 2005. In the same election Weber ran for a seat in the Region Council of Region Syddanmark, where he was elected with a total of 8,011 votes. He previously served as Mayor of Egebjerg municipality, 1989–2001.

Weber is married and the father of three children. He has worked in the construction business and is a fruit grower by profession.

**In-line:**


title: Taranagar

abstract: Taranagar is a city and a municipality in Churu district in the Indian state of Rajasthan, situated at 28° 41'N 75° 3'E, about 28 miles south of Churu City. Taranagar was earlier known as Reni, named for the lady Rinkali who came here to live from Vishalnagar Koyalapatan, currently Foga in Sardarshar (Rajasthan). Reni was the headquarters of the nizamat and the tehsil of the same name in the state of Bikaner in Rajputana. The nizamat consisted of five eastern tehsils of Bhadra, Churu, Nohar, Rajgarh and Reni. In 1948, the town was renamed for King Tara Singh, who ruled it in the mid-18th century.

text:
# Taranagar

**Taranagar** is a city and a municipality in Churu district in the Indian state of Rajasthan, situated at 28° 41'N 75° 3'E, about 28 miles south of Churu City. Taranagar was earlier known as **Reni**, named for the lady Rinkali who came here to live from Vishalnagar Koyalapatan, currently Foga in Sardarshar (Rajasthan). Reni was the headquarters of the nizamat and the tehsil of the same name in the state of Bikaner in Rajputana. The nizamat consisted of five eastern tehsils of Bhadra, Churu, Nohar, Rajgarh and Reni. In 1948, the town was renamed for King Tara Singh, who ruled it in the mid-18th century.

## Places of interest and importance

Taranagar is well known for its antiquity. It has a famous Jain temple built-in 942. It has very old statues of Jain Tirthankars. The Chhatri of Anand Singhji and Tara Singhji, or saints' homes, are quite popular. These are 2 km distant from the town.

A temple, a little away from the town, is known as Shyam Pandia. It is said to be as old as Dvapara Yuga. As the legend goes, it is believed that Bhima of The Mahabharata fame was sent here to call for the services or blessings of the then pujari of the temple, Saint Shyam Pandia, for the Tilak ceremony of Yudhishthira after the Battle of Kurukshetra was won by Pandavas.

Apart from private hospitals and practicing doctors, Taranagar has a referral hospital set up by late Onkar Mal Mintri and run by the state government where health care facilities are available for the general public and for the people from nearby villages. There is another hospital building that has been converted into a veterinary hospital catering to cattle.

Though the town does not have a railway station, it is well connected by road. It is served by roadway organization of many states, private buses, and taxi operators. Gandhi Upwan, in the east of the town, close to the bus stand and police station, is a moderate garden maintained by the municipality. There is a rest-house used by visiting officials that is run by Rajasthan state PWD. The same locality houses the famous Govt. Higher Secondary School, Taranagar.

A public library is almost in the middle of the Taranagar that also houses a free reading room, that over the decades has helped the growth of local intellect even if the facilities have been meager and maintenance falls short of needs; nonetheless, it has been providing a space for developing minds.

Since last decade or so Taranagar has been emerging as a place counted in its vicinity of its surrounding villages  for providing facilities for children's education, selling their produce, shopping, trade, institutional interaction, etc. Besides the Main Bazar that is in the center of town, there are a number of shop-clusters or markets specializing in merchandise like footwear, vegetables and fruits, medicines etc. There are some trading firms, bank branches, organizations, government offices. Almost a dozen institutions impart graduate courses including an upcoming veterinary medical college providing the feel of a self-sufficient town. Taranagar boasts an industrial estate promoted by RIICO primarily for the manufacture of plaster of Paris.

## Nearby cities and villages

Sadulpur (also known as Rajgarh, its connecting railway station), a junction on the Northern Zone of Indian Railways is on east side at a distance of about 36 km and Churu, the district city is on its south side at a distance of about 60 km while Sardarsahar is on its south-west side. Apart from these cities, the town is surrounded by a large number of villages (124 )on all sides that are populated by mostly by small to medium-sized land holders, farmers and artisans. The town of Taranagar is used by them as a Mandi for selling their agricultural product as also a center for education, health services and connectivity. The nearby villages include Dhani- kumharan, Satyu, Rajpura, Lunas, Gajuwas, Chalkoi, Kharatwas, Nethawa, Togawas, Bhaleri, Bhanin, Kalwas, Dabri Chhoti, Dheerwas Bara, Sahwa, Bain, Buchawas, Dadrewa, Jigsana, Nyangli, Hadiyal, Dudhwa Khara, Bhamara etc. Brahmanwasi is an agricultural locality situated on the western side of the town. The main crops raised in the area are millets, bajra, guar, gram and lately even mustard. Historically, it was a zamindari that was initially vested in the Vyas family (Pushkarna Brahmins) by the late Raja Shri Joravar Singhji, the then ruler of a princely state of Bikaner. The current scion of the family Mool Raj holds the original handwritten document of transfer of Brahmanwasi. Vyas was further patronized by the vaishya community mainly Swetambar Jains, who held a prominent position in business and commerce. Goga Medi in Degawas Mohalla is also a famous temple built 50 years ago by Pujari Shree Bihari Lal Ji Sankholia, where a fair is held on the occasion of Goga Navmi. More prominent of fairs held in the town include Ramdevji Ka Mela, where cattle are sold and the Gaur Magaria, a festival when a procession of Gaurajja is taken out with a lot of fanfare.

## Geography

Taranagar is located at 28°41′N 75°02′E / 28.68°N 75.03°E / 28.68; 75.03. It has an average elevation of 232 meters (761 feet). A part of Thar desert, it experiences extremities of climate both in summer and in the winter, that are however considered good for build-up of immunities, for general health.

Town is located in the tehsil by the same name, under the Rajgarh subdivision of the Churu district. Historically, even the city of Churu used to be a part of Taranagar Tehsil. The town grew with its Mohallas (or localities) earmarked for different castes (that is to say known by caste names) that are even today referred to for the ease of practical identification but is officially now divided into different numerical wards for the postal, election or voting purposes.

## Demographics

As of 2011 India Census, Taranagar had a population of 2,11,831 out of which the urban population is 32,640 while the rural population is 1,79,191. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Taranagar has an average literacy rate of 57.06%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 66.85%, and female literacy is 46.45%. 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. Despite its moderate size, the town boasts of the cosmopolitan nature of its populace that comprises a diversity of castes, creeds, religions and regional inhabitants as also its diaspora spread over the various nooks and corners of different states of the country as also abroad. The composition of this diaspora is also quite varied and comprises industrialists, traders, businessmen, professionals, social workers and others. One person from the town, Late Sri Ram Krishna Sarawagi (son of a reputed disciple of Mahatma Gandhi late Sri Tulsiram Sarawagi) rose to become a minister in the state of West Bengal in the 1970s.Shree Shivraj Singh Kavia's in laws house is located near Shree Karani ji temple in this city.

## Language

Taranagar tehsil is well known for its **Bagri language**, a dialect of Rajasthani language which is spoken by **the majority** of the people.

While, Hindi and english are official language for government of Rajasthan.

## Industry

Taranagar is known for its plaster of Paris industry, wooden items handicraft, jewelry, and education. Students of the nearby districts and tehsils are coming here to get a better and qualitative education from its educational institutions.

https://naksha-wala-taranagar.business.site/

## InfoBox

| Taranagar Reni (Star City) | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Taranagar in Churu district, Rajasthan | |
| TaranagarLocation in Rajasthan, IndiaTaranagarTaranagar (India) | |
| Coordinates: 28°40′8″N 75°2′26″E / 28.66889°N 75.04056°E / 28.66889; 75.04056 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Rajasthan |
| District | Churu |
| Elevation | 232 m (761 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 32,640 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Hindi, English |
| Regional | Bagri |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 331304 |
| Telephone code | 1561 |
| ISO 3166 code | RJ-IN |
| Vehicle registration | RJ-10 |


title: John Molson (British politician)

abstract: Major John Elsdale Molson TD (1863–1925) was a Canadian-born British Conservative politician and member of the Molson family of Montreal that started the Molson brewery. John Molson was the son of Samuel Elsdale and Agnes Molson, born in Montreal on 6 August 1863. Educated at Cheltenham College and Emmanuel College, Cambridge, he qualified from the Middlesex Hospital Medical School in 1889. The Medical Register for 1891 listed him as employed at the Middlesex Hospital in London having registered as a doctor on 19 September 1889. He held a commission in the Royal Army Medical Corps (Territorials) from 1900 and served at home and in Egypt in World War I. He practised for some years at Chelmsford. From 1906 he rented Goring Hall, Goring-by-Sea near Worthing, in Sussex and lived the life of a country gentleman. He died on 28 November 1925, aged 62, and his funeral was held at St Mary's Church, Goring on 2 December 1925. He was the Unionist Member of Parliament for Gainsborough, Lincolnshire from 1918 to 1923, having unsuccessfully contested Bethnal Green North East in the two 1910 general elections. On 22 November 1920 Irish Nationalist MP Joseph Devlin raised the Croke Park deaths the previous day, causing uproar. Devlin continued to try to put his question and was assaulted by Molson who pulled him over the bench. The Speaker suspended the sitting for 15 minutes; when it resumed, Molson apologised and Devlin was able to ask his questions and to get an answer. He lost his seat to the Liberal Sir Richard Winfrey in the 1923 general election.

text:
# John Molson (British politician)

Major **John Elsdale Molson** TD (1863–1925) was a Canadian-born British Conservative politician and member of the Molson family of Montreal that started the Molson brewery.

John Molson was the son of Samuel Elsdale and Agnes Molson, born in Montreal on 6 August 1863. Educated at Cheltenham College and Emmanuel College, Cambridge, he qualified from the Middlesex Hospital Medical School in 1889. The Medical Register for 1891 listed him as employed at the Middlesex Hospital in London having registered as a doctor on 19 September 1889.

He held a commission in the Royal Army Medical Corps (Territorials) from 1900 and served at home and in Egypt in World War I.

He practised for some years at Chelmsford. From 1906 he rented Goring Hall, Goring-by-Sea near Worthing, in Sussex and lived the life of a country gentleman. He died on 28 November 1925, aged 62, and his funeral was held at St Mary's Church, Goring on 2 December 1925.

He was the Unionist Member of Parliament for Gainsborough, Lincolnshire from 1918 to 1923, having unsuccessfully contested Bethnal Green North East in the two 1910 general elections. On 22 November 1920 Irish Nationalist MP Joseph Devlin raised the Croke Park deaths the previous day, causing uproar. Devlin continued to try to put his question and was assaulted by Molson who pulled him over the bench. The Speaker suspended the sitting for 15 minutes; when it resumed, Molson apologised and Devlin was able to ask his questions and to get an answer. He lost his seat to the Liberal Sir Richard Winfrey in the 1923 general election.

## Family

He married Mary Leeson in 1891 in London. She had been born in Argentina, the daughter of Dr Arthur Edmund Leeson, and christened at St John's Cathedral in Buenos Aires on 16 June 1863.

His son Arthur Hugh Elsdale Molson (1903–1991) was a Conservative politician and was created a Life Peer in 1961 as Baron Molson. His three other sons died in military service: Harold Elsdale Molson died on 5 February 1946 as a major in Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, Eric Elsdale Molson was killed in action on Good Friday, 1 April 1915 as a lieutenant in the Royal Scots (Lothian Regiment), and Gerald Hildred Elsdale Molson was killed serving as second in command of HMS *Rawalpindi* when she was sunk by the German warships *Scharnhorst* and *Gneisenau* on 23 November 1939.

## InfoBox

| DrJohn Elsdale Molson | |
| --- | --- |
| Molson in 1922. | |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament
for Gainsborough | |
| **In office**
14 December 1918  16 November 1923 | |
| Preceded by | George Jackson Bentham |
| Succeeded by | Richard Winfrey |
| Majority | 2,078 (13.6%) |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 6 August 1863
Montreal, Province of Canada |
| Died | 28 November 1925 (aged 62)
Goring-by-Sea, Sussex, United Kingdom |
| Resting place | St Mary's Church, Goring-by-Sea |
| Political party | Conservative |
| Spouse | Mary Leeson |
| Education | Cheltenham College |
| Alma mater | Emmanuel College, Cambridge |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Branch/service | British Army |
| Unit | Royal Army Medical Corps |
| Battles/wars | World War I |
| Awards | TD |
|  | |


title: Crystal Lake (Davenport, Florida)

abstract: Crystal Lake is one of a large number lakes of the same name in the world, including six others in Polk County, Florida. This lake is 2.4 miles (3.9 km) west of Davenport, Florida, and north of Haines City, Florida. It has a 14.38-acre (58,200 m⁲) surface area and is shaped like a backwards comma. Crystal lake, a natural freshwater lake, is in a hilly area and is northwest of the intersection of Sanders Road and US Highway 27. It is in the vicinity of a large housing development and a fountain has been placed in it. On the east Crystal Lake is bordered by US 27. On the north it is bordered by a citrus grove and pastureland. From the northwest to the southwest the lake is bordered by houses and a pasture is on the southeast. The edges of this lake are somewhat swampy and it has no swimming areas, public or private. It has no public or private boat ramps. The only public access to the lake is along the right of way along US 27. The Hook and Bullet website says Crystal Lake contains yellow perch, white perch and smallmouth bass.

text:
# Crystal Lake (Davenport, Florida)

**Crystal Lake** is one of a large number lakes of the same name in the world, including six others in Polk County, Florida. This lake is 2.4 miles (3.9 km) west of Davenport, Florida, and north of Haines City, Florida. It has a 14.38-acre (58,200 m2) surface area and is shaped like a backwards comma. Crystal lake, a natural freshwater lake, is in a hilly area and is northwest of the intersection of Sanders Road and US Highway 27. It is in the vicinity of a large housing development and a fountain has been placed in it. On the east Crystal Lake is bordered by US 27. On the north it is bordered by a citrus grove and pastureland. From the northwest to the southwest the lake is bordered by houses and a pasture is on the southeast.

The edges of this lake are somewhat swampy and it has no swimming areas, public or private. It has no public or private boat ramps. The only public access to the lake is along the right of way along US 27. The Hook and Bullet website says Crystal Lake contains yellow perch, white perch and smallmouth bass.

## InfoBox

| Crystal Lake | |
| --- | --- |
| Crystal LakeCrystal Lake | |
| Location | Polk County, Florida |
| Coordinates | 28°09′37″N 81°38′29″W / 28.1603°N 81.6415°W / 28.1603; -81.6415 |
| Type | natural freshwater lake |
| Basin countries | United States |
|  | |
| Max. length | 1,245 feet (379 m) |
| Max. width | 870 feet (270 m) |
| Surface area | 14.38 acres (6 ha) |
| Surface elevation | 125 feet (38 m) |


title: Sabicea cinerea

abstract: Sabicea cinerea, the largeflower woodvine, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is a perennial dicot with both vine and shrub growth habits. It is a native plant of Puerto Rico.

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# Sabicea cinerea

***Sabicea cinerea***, the **largeflower woodvine**, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is a perennial dicot with both vine and shrub growth habits. It is a native plant of Puerto Rico.

## InfoBox

| *Sabicea cinerea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Rubiaceae |
| Genus: | *Sabicea* |
| Species: | ***S. cinerea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Sabicea cinerea***<br>Aubl. | |
|


title: Calicivirin

abstract:
Calicivirin is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
  - Endopeptidase with a preference for cleavage when the P1 position is occupied by Glu- and the P1- position is occupied by Gly- Viruses that are members of the genus Norovirus are a major cause of epidemic acute viral gastroenteritis.

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# Calicivirin

**Calicivirin** (EC 3.4.22.66, *Camberwell virus processing peptidase*, *Chiba virus processing peptidase*, *Norwalk virus processing peptidase*, *Southampton virus processing peptidase*, *norovirus virus processing peptidase*, *calicivirus trypsin-like cysteine protease*, *calicivirus TCP*, *calicivirus 3C-like protease*, *calicivirus endopeptidase*, *rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 3C endopeptidase*) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

Endopeptidase with a preference for cleavage when the P1 position is occupied by Glu- and the P1- position is occupied by Gly-

Viruses that are members of the genus Norovirus (family *Caliciviridae*) are a major cause of epidemic acute viral gastroenteritis.

## InfoBox

| Calicivirin | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 3.4.22.66 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |


title: Poullignac

abstract: Poullignac is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

text:
# Poullignac

**Poullignac** (French pronunciation: \[puliɲak\]) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 143 |  |
| 1975 | 102 | −4.71% |
| 1982 | 124 | +2.83% |
| 1990 | 97 | −3.02% |
| 1999 | 77 | −2.53% |
| 2009 | 80 | +0.38% |
| 2014 | 78 | −0.51% |
| 2020 | 94 | +3.16% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## Sights

The Romanesque Church of Saint-Martin, built from the end of the 11th century to the beginning of the 12th, was classified as a historic monument in 1987. The apse was replaced in the 12th century with the current barrel vault choir. The brick vault in the nave dates from 1844. There are murals painted in the choir, and traces of paintings in the rest of the church.

## InfoBox

| Poullignac | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church in Poullignac | |
| Location of Poullignac | |
| PoullignacPoullignac | |
| Coordinates: 45°24′00″N 0°01′09″W / 45.4°N 0.0192°W / 45.4; -0.0192 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine |
| Department | Charente |
| Arrondissement | Angoulême |
| Canton | Tude-et-Lavalette |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Mireille Neeser |
| Area**1** | 8.94 km2 (3.45 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 100 |
| Density | 11/km2 (29/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 16267 /16190 |
| Elevation | 63–167 m (207–548 ft)
(avg. 80 m or 260 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: David Applegate (geologist)

abstract: David Applegate is an American academic who has served as director of the United States Geological Survey since 2022. He is also a professor at the University of Utah.

text:
# David Applegate (geologist)

**David Applegate** is an American academic who has served as director of the United States Geological Survey since 2022. He is also a professor at the University of Utah.

## Education

Applegate earned a Bachelor of Science degree in geology from Yale University and a PhD in geology from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

## Career

Applegate is an adjunct full professor at the University of Utah. From 2004 to 2011, he served as senior science advisor for earthquake and geologic hazards at the United States Geological Survey. Since May 2011, he has served as associate director of the USGS for natural hazards.

## USGS Nomination

On January 20, 2021, Applegate began serving as acting director of the USGS. On March 8, 2022, President Joe Biden nominated Applegate to serve as director of the agency. Hearings on his nomination were held before the Senate Energy Committee on April 28, 2022. The committee favorably reported his nomination to the Senate floor on June 14, 2022. His nomination was confirmed by the Senate by voice vote. He was sworn in by Interior Secretary Deb Haaland on August 15, 2022.

1. "Dave Applegate, Ph.D. | U.S. Geological Survey". *www.usgs.gov*. Retrieved 2022-03-08.
2. "David Applegate Sworn In as Director of the U.S. Geological Survey". United States Department of the Interior. 2022-08-15. Retrieved 2022-08-15.
3. "President Biden Announces Key Nominees". *The White House*. 2022-03-08. Retrieved 2022-03-08.
4. "Dr. David Applegate, USGS Geologist, Honored for Contributions to Public Understanding of Geoscience". *American Geosciences Institute*. 2018-10-23. Retrieved 2022-03-08.
5. "Business Meeting: Pending Nominations". *U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources*. 14 June 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
6. "PN1830 - Nomination of David Applegate for Department of the Interior, 117th Congress (2021-2022)". *www.congress.gov*. 28 April 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.

## InfoBox

| David Applegate | |
| --- | --- |
| Applegate in 2022 | |
|  | |
| 18th Director of the United States Geological Survey | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
August 15, 2022 | |
| President | Joe Biden |
| Preceded by | James F. Reilly |
| **Acting** | |
| **In office**
January 20, 2021  August 15, 2022 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Education | Yale University (BS)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (PhD) |
|  | |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Geology |
| Institutions |  |
| Thesis | *The unroofing history of the funeral mountains metamorphic core complex, California* (1994) |
| Doctoral advisor | Kip Hodges |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Seringia nephrosperma

abstract: Seringia nephrosperma, commonly known as free-carpel fire-bush, is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family and is endemic to northern Australia. It is an upright, suckering shrub with hairy new growth, usually oblong to lance-shaped leaves, and purple flowers arranged in groups of 5 to 25.

text:
# Seringia nephrosperma

***Seringia nephrosperma***, commonly known as **free-carpel fire-bush**, is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family and is endemic to northern Australia. It is an upright, suckering shrub with hairy new growth, usually oblong to lance-shaped leaves, and purple flowers arranged in groups of 5 to 25.

## Description

*Seringia nephrosperma* is an upright, suckering shrub that typically grows to a height of 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) and 1.0 m (3 ft 3 in) wide, its new growth covered with white, star-shaped hairs. The leaves are usually oblong to lance-shaped, greyish-green, 10–30 mm (0.39–1.18 in) long and 5–15 mm (0.20–0.59 in) wide on a twisted petiole 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long with tiny stipules at the base. The flowers are arranged in a cyme with 5 to 25 flowers on a peduncle 3–8 mm (0.12–0.31 in) long, each flower on a pedicel 3–10 mm (0.12–0.39 in) long. The flowers are purple with petal-like sepals opening to 20–30 mm (0.79–1.18 in) wide, covered on the back with white, star-shaped hairs. There are no petals, up to 5 staminodes, and the filaments are yellow. Flowering occurs in most months and the fruit is 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long and 2.5–3.5 mm (0.098–0.138 in) wide. This species is similar to *S. exastia*.

## Taxonomy

This species was first described in 1863 by Ferdinand von Mueller who gave it the name *Keraudrenia nephrosperma* in *Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany*. In 1860, von Mueller transferred the species to *Seringia* as *S. nephrosperma*. The specific epithet (*nephrosperma*) means "kidney-shaped", referring to the shape of the seeds.

## Distribution and habitat

Free-carpel fire-bush usually grows in drier inland areas of New South Wales, the Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, and northern Western Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Seringia nephrosperma* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| In Welford National Park | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Malvaceae |
| Genus: | *Seringia* |
| Species: | ***S. nephrosperma*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Seringia nephrosperma***<br>F.Muell. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| List * + *Keraudrenia collina var. multiflora* Domin     + *Keraudrenia nephrosperma* (F.Muell.) Benth. isonym     + *Keraudrenia nephrosperma* (F.Muell.) F.Muell.     + *Keraudrenia sp. A*     + *Keraudrenia sp. A Kimb. Flora*     + *Keraudrenia sp. A Kimberley Flora (T.E.H.Aplin et al. 333) WA Herbarium*     + *Seringea nephrosperma* F.Muell. orth. var.     + *Keraudrenia integrifolia* auct. non Steud.     + *? Keraudrenia integrifolia* auct. non Steud.: Guymer, G.P. | |


title: John Molson Jr.

abstract: John Molson Jr. was a Canadian politician and businessman. He served as director of Molson Bank, president of the Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad, and president of Montreal General Hospital. He was the son of the founder of the Molson family dynasty in Canadian business.

text:
# John Molson Jr.

**John Molson Jr.** (October 14, 1787 – July 12, 1860) was a Canadian politician and businessman. He served as director of Molson Bank, president of the Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad (Canada's first railway), and president of Montreal General Hospital. He was the son of the founder of the Molson family dynasty in Canadian business.

## Life

Molson was born on October 14, 1787 to John Molson (1763–1836) and Sarah Vaughn (1751–1829), at Montreal, Quebec. Though he was apprenticed to the brewing trade and became a partner in the family brewery in 1816, Molson was primarily a financier. The family monopoly of river transport enabled him, as owner of the *Swiftsure*, to engage in profitable banking operations during the War of 1812, buying bills of exchange at heavy discount in Montreal and disposing of them at a profit in Quebec. He became a director of the Bank of Montreal shortly after its foundation and was vice-president of Molson's Bank from its incorporation in 1855. He was a promoter of the Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad, Canada's first railway, and became its president in 1837. His other interests included the first Montreal water works and gas company, fire insurance and various industrial enterprises. He succeeded his father as a life governor, vice-president and president of the Montreal General Hospital. As chairman of the Constitutional Association he fought on the government side in the Rebellions of 1837 and was wounded; he was given the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel of the militia. From 1838 to 1841, he was a member of the Special Council of Lower Canada.

## Marriage and children

In 1816, John was wed to his first cousin, Mary Anne Molson (1791–1862), daughter of Thomas Molson (1768–1803) of Lincolnshire, England, and Anne Atkinson (1765–1813). John and Mary Ann had one daughter and five sons. One of their sons, John Molson III, also married his cousin, the daughter of his father's brother William Molson, and become a president of the Molson Bank. John died on July 12, 1860, at Montreal.

## InfoBox

| John Molson Jr. | |
| --- | --- |
| Molson in 1867, photographed by William Notman | |
| Born | October 14, 1787
Montreal, Quebec, British North America |
| Died | July 12, 1860(1860-07-12) (aged 72)
Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
| Occupation(s) | Politician, businessman |
| Family | Molson |


title: Canadian Ethnic Media Association

abstract: The Canadian Ethnic Media Association (CEMA), founded in 1978 as the Canadian Ethnic Journalists and Writers Club, is an organization for professionals engaged in the field of print and electronic journalism and creative writing. CEMA upholds the principles of Canadian citizenship and multiculturalism and maintains and the right of freedom of expression without ethnocentric bias. The emphasis of CEMA is on the exchange of ideas rather than lobbying although, when necessary, statements are made on pressing topics to whomever they may concern such as the exclusion of ethnic journalists from sources of news and information open to mainstream media. CEMA operates as an independent organization, without financial support from governments. It hosts an annual award and in 2004 also established Sierhey Khmara Ziniak Award for best contribution to the idea of multiculturalism through journalism.

text:
# Canadian Ethnic Media Association

**The Canadian Ethnic Media Association** (CEMA), founded in 1978 as the Canadian Ethnic Journalists and Writers Club, is an organization for professionals engaged in the field of print and electronic journalism and creative writing.

CEMA upholds the principles of Canadian citizenship and multiculturalism and maintains and the right of freedom of expression without ethnocentric bias. The emphasis of CEMA is on the exchange of ideas rather than lobbying although, when necessary, statements are made on pressing topics to whomever they may concern such as the exclusion of ethnic journalists from sources of news and information open to mainstream media.

CEMA operates as an independent organization, without financial support from governments.

It hosts an annual award and in 2004 also established Sierhey Khmara Ziniak Award for best contribution to the idea of multiculturalism through journalism.

## Board of directors

* Chair, Madeline Ziniak
* President, Kiumars (Kiu) Rezvanifar, Editor at *Persian Tribune*
* 1st Vice President, Vasil Yancoff, Producer, Macedonian Heritage Hour;
* Treasurer, Irene Chu, Toronto Writers' Association and Chinese Canadian News;
* Secretary, Gina Valle, Writer/researcher;
* Membership, Elena Zolotko, Russian journalist;
* Webmaster, Zuhair Kashmeri, OMNI-TV South Asian News and Diversity commentator; author, writer and editor; TV documentary producer;
* Membership, Alexander Gershtein – Journalist and documentary producer;
* Immediate Past President, Ace Alvarez, Managing Editor, Producer, Front Page Philippines.

## InfoBox

Canadian Ethnic Media Association
| Predecessor | Canadian Ethnic Journalists and Writers Club |
| --- | --- |
| Formation | November 9, 1978 (1978-11-09) |
| Founder | Sierhey Khmara Ziniak |
| Type | Non-profit NGO |
| Location |  |
| Chair | Madeline Ziniak |
| President | Kiu Rezvanifar |
| Website | canadianethnicmedia.com |


title: Escape character

abstract: In computing and telecommunications, an escape character is a character that invokes an alternative interpretation on the following characters in a character sequence. An escape character is a particular case of metacharacters. Generally, the judgement of whether something is an escape character or not depends on the context. In the telecommunications field, escape characters are used to indicate that the following characters are encoded differently. This is used to alter control characters that would otherwise be noticed and acted on by the underlying telecommunications hardware, such as illegal characters. In this context, the use of escape characters is often referred to as quoting.

text:
# Escape character

In computing and telecommunications, an **escape character** is a character that invokes an alternative interpretation on the following characters in a character sequence. An escape character is a particular case of metacharacters. Generally, the judgement of whether something is an escape character or not depends on the context.

In the telecommunications field, escape characters are used to indicate that the following characters are encoded differently. This is used to alter control characters that would otherwise be noticed and acted on by the underlying telecommunications hardware, such as illegal characters. In this context, the use of escape characters is often referred to as **quoting**.

## Definition

An escape character may not have its own meaning, so all escape sequences are of two or more characters.

Escape characters are part of the syntax for many programming languages, data formats, and communication protocols. For a given alphabet an escape character's purpose is to start character sequences (so named escape sequences), which have to be interpreted differently from the same characters occurring without the prefixed escape character.

The functions of escape sequences include:

* To encode a syntactic entity, such as device commands or special data, which cannot be directly represented by the alphabet.
* To represent characters, referred to as *character quoting*, which cannot be typed in the current context, or would have an undesired interpretation. In this case, an escape sequence is a digraph consisting of an escape character itself and a "quoted" character.

### Control character

Generally, an escape character is not a particular case of (device) control characters, nor vice versa. If we define control characters as non-graphic, or as having a special meaning for an output device (e.g. printer or text terminal) then any escape character for this device is a control one. But escape characters used in programming (such as the backslash, "\\") are graphic, hence are not control characters. Conversely most (but not all) of the ASCII "control characters" have some control function in isolation, therefore they are not escape characters.

In many programming languages, an escape character also forms some escape sequences which are referred to as control characters. For example, line break has an escape sequence of `\n`.

## Examples

### JavaScript

JavaScript uses the `\` (backslash) as an escape character for:

* `\'` single quote
* `\"` double quote
* `\\` backslash
* `\n` new line
* `\r` carriage return
* `\t` tab
* `\b` backspace
* `\f` form feed
* `\v` vertical tab (Internet Explorer 9 and older treats `'\v` as `'v` instead of a vertical tab (`'\x0B`). If cross-browser compatibility is a concern, use `\x0B` instead of `\v`.)
* `\0` null character (U+0000 NULL) (only if the next character is not a decimal digit; else it is an octal escape sequence)
* `\xFF` character represented by the hexadecimal byte "FF"

The `\v` and `\0` escapes are not allowed in JSON strings.

Example code:

```
console.log("Using \\n \nWill shift the characters after \\n one row down")
console.log("Using \\t \twill shift the characters after \\t one tab length to the right")
console.log("Using \\r \rWill imitate a carriage return, which means shifting to the start of the row") // can be used to clear the screen on some terminals. Windows uses \r\n instead of \n alone

```

### ASCII escape character

The ASCII "escape" character (octal: `\033`, hexadecimal: `\x1B`, or, in decimal, `27`, also represented by the sequences `^[` or `\e`) is used in many output devices to start a series of characters called a control sequence or escape sequence. Typically, the escape character was sent first in such a sequence to alert the device that the following characters were to be interpreted as a control sequence rather than as plain characters, then one or more characters would follow to specify some detailed action, after which the device would go back to interpreting characters normally. For example, the sequence of `^[`, followed by the printable characters `[2;10H`, would cause a Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) VT102 terminal to move its cursor to the 10th cell of the 2nd line of the screen. This was later developed into ANSI escape codes covered by the ANSI X3.64 standard. The escape character also starts each command sequence in the Hewlett-Packard Printer Command Language.

An early reference to the term "escape character" is found in Bob Bemer's IBM technical publications, who is credited with inventing this mechanism during his work on the ASCII character set.

The Escape key is usually found on standard PC keyboards. However, it is commonly absent from keyboards for PDAs and other devices not designed primarily for ASCII communications. The DEC VT220 series was one of the few popular keyboards that did not have a dedicated Esc key, instead of using one of the keys above the main keypad. In user interfaces of the 1970s–1980s it was not uncommon to use this key as an escape character, but in modern desktop computers, such use is dropped. Sometimes the key was identified with AltMode (for alternative mode). Even with no dedicated key, the escape character code could be generated by typing `[` while simultaneously holding down `Ctrl`.

### Programming and data formats

Many modern programming languages specify the double-quote character (`"`) as a delimiter for a string literal. The backslash (`\`) escape character typically provides two ways to include double-quotes inside a string literal, either by modifying the meaning of the double-quote character embedded in the string (`\"` becomes `"`), or by modifying the meaning of a sequence of characters including the hexadecimal value of a double-quote character (`\x22` becomes `"`).

, C++, Java, and Ruby all allow exactly the same two backslash escape styles. The PostScript language and Microsoft Rich Text Format also use backslash escapes. The quoted-printable encoding uses the equals sign as an escape character.

URL and URI use -escapes to quote characters with a special meaning, as for non-ASCII characters. The ampersand (`&`) character may be considered as an escape character in SGML and derived formats such as HTML and XML.

Some programming languages also provide other ways to represent special characters in literals, without requiring an escape character (see e.g. delimiter collision).

### Communication protocols

The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) uses the `0x7D` octet (`\175`, or ASCII: `<nowiki>}</nowiki>`) as an escape character. The octet immediately following should be XORed by `0x20` before being passed to a higher level protocol. This is applied to both `0x7D` itself and the control character `0x7E` (which is used in PPP to mark the beginning and end of a frame) when those octets need to be transmitted by a higher level protocol encapsulated by PPP, as well as other octets negotiated when the link is established. That is, when a higher level protocol wishes to transmit `0x7D`, it is transmitted as the sequence `0x7D 0x5D`, and `0x7E` is transmitted as `0x7D 0x5E`.

### Bourne shell

In Bourne shell (sh), the asterisk (`*`) and question mark (`?`) characters are wildcard characters expanded via globbing. Without a preceding escape character, an `*` will expand to the names of all files in the working directory that do not start with a period if and only if there are such files, otherwise `*` remains unexpanded. So to refer to a file literally called "\*", the shell must be told not to interpret it in this way, by preceding it with a backslash (`\`). This modifies the interpretation of the asterisk (`*`). Compare:

### Windows Command Prompt

The Windows command-line interpreter uses a caret character (`^`) to escape reserved characters that have special meanings (in particular: `&`, `<nowiki>|</nowiki>`, `(`, `)`, `<`, `>`, `^`). The DOS command-line interpreter, though it has similar syntax, does not support this.

For example, on the Windows Command Prompt, this will result in a syntax error.

```
C:\>echo <hello world>
The syntax of the command is incorrect.

```

whereas this will output the string: `<hello world>`

```
C:\>echo ^<hello world^>
<hello world>

```

### Windows PowerShell

In Windows, the backslash is used as a path separator; therefore, it generally cannot be used as an escape character. PowerShell uses backtick ( \` ) instead.

For example, the following command:

```
PS C:\> echo "`tFirst line`nNew line"
        First line
New line

```

### Others

* Quoted-printable, which encodes 8-bit data into 7-bit data of limited line lengths, uses the equals sign (`<nowiki>=</nowiki>`) as an escape character.

1. "JavaScript character escape sequences". Mathias Bynens. 21 December 2011. Retrieved 2014-06-30.
2. "Special Characters (JavaScript)". Microsoft Developer Network. Archived from the original on Dec 14, 2014. Retrieved 2014-06-30.
3. Bemer, Bob (Oct 25, 2003). "How Bob Bemer Invented the ESCAPE Sequence and Key". *Bob Bemer*. Archived from the original on 4 January 2018. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
4. Tim Hill (1998). "The Windows NT Command Shell". *Microsoft Learn*. MacMillan Technical Publishing. Retrieved 2010-01-13.
5. "about\_Escape\_Characters". Microsoft Developer Network. 2014-05-08. Archived from the original on 2016-11-25. Retrieved 2016-11-24.

This article incorporates public domain material from *Federal Standard 1037C*. General Services Administration. Archived from the original on 2022-01-22.