title: Keith Bakker

abstract: Keith Benjamin Bakker is an American-Dutch former mental health practitioner and convicted criminal. He specialized in drug rehabilitation and became known in the Netherlands for his addiction rehabilitation clinic, Smith & Jones, and appearances on several Dutch television programs. Bakker was sentenced to prison for the sexual abuse of several of his female ex-clients, and had been detained from April 2011 to September 2014. Bakker was convicted and sentenced on March 3, 2021, on the charge of rape of a minor and sentenced to 4.5 years of imprisonment.

text:
# Keith Bakker

**Keith Benjamin Bakker** (born November 24, 1960) is an American-Dutch former mental health practitioner and convicted criminal. He specialized in drug rehabilitation and became known in the Netherlands for his addiction rehabilitation clinic, Smith & Jones, and appearances on several Dutch television programs.

Bakker was sentenced to prison for the sexual abuse of several of his female ex-clients, and had been detained from April 2011 to September 2014.

Bakker was convicted and sentenced on March 3, 2021, on the charge of rape of a minor and sentenced to 4.5 years of imprisonment.

## Personal life

Bakker grew up in Westport, Connecticut. He started using alcohol and drugs as a teenager, and used heroin for the first time on his eighteenth birthday. In the 1980's, Bakker worked as a roadie, traveling with Michael Jackson, Prince, and Bruce Springsteen, among others.

Bakker came to Amsterdam in 1985. In the following years, his addiction to drugs continued, and he contracted HIV from an infected syringe. In 1989, he came into contact with a social worker at Youth With A Mission, who helped him stop using drugs, and the two got married. Subsequently, Bakker became a music industry manager.

In 1996, Bakker relapsed into hard drug addiction. After a trial during which he threatened a police officer, he was sent to the Jellinek Clinic in Amsterdam, a drug addiction rehabilitation facility. In July 1998, he had a heart attack, which was the result of a drug overdose, but survived. A month later, Bakker had stopped using drugs after a stay in a hospital and following the Minnesota Model therapy program in Scotland.

## Smith & Jones

In 2004, Bakker opened the Smith & Jones clinic for people with drug or alcohol addictions. In 2006 it became the first clinic in Europe to focus on people with a video game addiction. This was a result of him attempting to find complementary treatment for an existing client who he was treating for drug addiction and devised a program specially for him after not being able to outsource aid. The clinic had locations in Amsterdam and Wassenaar.

In the same period, Bakker also appeared regularly on Dutch television talk shows and reality series. He was a frequent guest on *Spuiten en Slikken* as an addiction expert, as well as coaching troubled teenagers (and their families) in *Van etter tot engel* and *Family Matters*. 2008 also saw the release of Bakker's biography entitled *Pushing the Limits*, written by Dutch author Leon Verdonschot.

By the end of 2009, during an interview with NCRV, Bakker falsely claimed that it was thanks to his clinic that he had managed to introduce the Twelve-Step Program to the Netherlands, which he had followed himself in Scotland, despite it already existing in the Netherlands before his clinic.

Having become involved in a renting conflict, Bakker resigned as manager of Smith & Jones in September 2010. The clinic itself closed shortly afterwards.

## Indictment and conviction

By the end of 2010, Bakker was accused of sexual abuse by several of his female clients. After an investigation by the Amsterdam vice squad, Bakker was arrested in April 2011 and was held on remand. During the trial in March 2012, Bakker admitted that he sexually abused some of his clients, but denied that he had sexual intercourse with them. In April 2012, the court convicted Bakker of sexual abuse and sentenced him to five years imprisonment and a ten-year prohibition from executing his profession as a mental health practitioner. His clinic, Smith & Jones, had already been declared bankrupt in March 2011.

Bakker was released from prison in September 2014.

Bakker was arrested on new charges of rape and violating his professional ban in 2019. He was subsequently convicted on the charge of rape and sentenced to 4.5 years imprisonment on March 3, 2021. After a successful appeal, his sentence was reduced to 18 months imprisonment. Subsequently, Bakker was released from prison on July 13, 2022.

## Goliath Project

In 2018, Keith Bakker founded and launched the “Goliath project 2018”. The original "Goliath project" was launched in 2000 by him as well. The focus of the original Goliath project was cross-border healthcare inside the European Union based on Article 86 of the European treaty. As a result of his efforts, two major UK clinics, Castle Craig and the Priory group, were able to treat Dutch patients in the United Kingdom.

The Goliath project 2018 is an advocate/activist organization that is focused on medically managed addiction treatment for prisoners in the European Union. The basis for their efforts is article 3 of the EU human rights charter.

## InfoBox

| Keith Bakker | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Keith Benjamin Bakker
(1960-11-24) November 24, 1960
New York City, United States |
| Nationality | American, Dutch |
| Occupation(s) | Mental health practitioner, television personality |
| Television | *Van etter tot engel*, *Family Matters* |
| Criminal charge(s) | Sexual abuse, rape (2012) rape (2021) |
| Criminal penalty | Sentenced to 5 years imprisonment in 2012 & 4.5 years imprisonment in 2021 |
| Criminal status | Incarcerated |
| Website | keithbakkerofficial.com
keithbakkerfoundation.nl |


title: Frank Pratt (baseball)

abstract: Francis Bruce "Trackhorse" Pratt was a pinch hitter in Major League Baseball. He played for the Chicago White Sox in 1921.

text:
# Frank Pratt (baseball)

**Francis Bruce "Trackhorse" Pratt** (August 24, 1897 – March 8, 1974) was a pinch hitter in Major League Baseball. He played for the Chicago White Sox in 1921.

## InfoBox

| Frank Pratt | |
| --- | --- |
| **Pinch hitter** | |
| **Born:** (1897-08-24)August 24, 1897
Blocton, Alabama | |
| **Died:** March 8, 1974(1974-03-08) (aged 76)
Centreville, Alabama | |
| **Batted:** Left**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| May 13, 1921, for the Chicago White Sox | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| May 13, 1921, for the Chicago White Sox | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Games played | 1 |
| At bats | 1 |
| Hits | 0 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Stanisław Sylwester Alfonzy Grodyński

abstract: Stanisław Sylwester Alfonzy Grodyński - Polish soldier, lawyer, local government administrator and senior military intelligence adviser\officer.

text:
# Stanisław Sylwester Alfonzy Grodyński

**Stanisław Sylwester Alfonzy Grodyński** (born *Stanisław Sylwester Alfonzy Kusionowicz*; 4 November 1898 – 27 August 1971) - Polish soldier, lawyer, local government administrator and senior military intelligence adviser\officer.

## Early life

On 7 September 1906 Stanisław's father, Andrzej Kusionowicz Grodyński, a circuit judge in Polish Silesia, changed the family surname from *Kusionowicz* to *Grodyński*. Following his father's marriage to Alicja Matter on 3 June 1896, Stanisław was born on 4 November 1898 in Jabłonków (now Jablunkov in the Czech Republic) in the Trans-Olza region (at that time occupied by Austria). As a young boy he moved with his parents to Strumień in the Cieszyn District of Silesia, and after the family moved to the town of Cieszyn, Stanisław Grodyński (following the change of surname) lived with his parents in Bielska street (formerly Bielitzerstrasse).

At age seventeen Grodyński was conscripted into the Austrian Army in May 1916 he began military training as a rifleman in 100 Reserve Battalion of the Infantry Regiment. His next assignment was the Officers School in Opava and after several months he was promoted to the rank of Corporal. In November of that year Grodyński was assigned to 12 Storming Battalion with which he fought in Russia and later he also fought at the Italian front. He was shortly promoted to Sergeant then several months later to Ensign. In January 1918 he was promoted to the rank of Second Lieutenant in the same battalion. On the Italian Front, he was wounded in the neck by shrapnel from a hand-grenade. After leaving the hospital, he was assigned as Adjutant at the military hospital in Bielsko-Biała.

On 12 January 1921, after five years of military service, Grodyński transferred to the 'reserve' as a 'civilian'. After embarking on law studies at the Jagiellonian University, in Kraków, he completed his studies on 25 July 1923 at the Adam Mickiewicz University, in Poznań.

## Career

He worked in the Ministry of the Interior in Warsaw. Following his marriage to Halina Bulczyńska he took up a new position in Poznań (Wielkopolska) and after the birth of his first son "Andrzej" on 28 November 1922, Grodyński was posted to Kobryń (now in Belarus) in Polesie. After a temporary assignment in Brest he returned to take up the post of 'Vice-Starost' (Deputy Head of Provincial Government). Grodyński's second son, "Marjan", was born in Kobryń on 3 July 1925 and following his appointment as 'Poviat Starost' (Province Governor) he and his young family moved to Sarny (now in Ukraine) in Wołyń. (Aged only 28 he reputedly became Poland's youngest 'Starost'.) During this period he was visited by friends Józef Werobej and Count Stefan Tyszkiewicz, both of whom also later served under General Anders during WW II.

Following further appointments as Governor of Świecie, Toruń, Ivano-Frankivsk and Kalush (now in Ukraine), in 1937 Grodyński was reassigned to the post of Province\City Governor of Grudziądz, in the politically and militarily strategic region of Pomorze. In this nationally important post he worked closely with judges and military commanders, including General Michał Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski and Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły, and worked under Raczkiewicz, the Pomeranian Governor who became 'President-in-Exile' (1939-47). In recognition of his work Grodyński was decorated with the Gold Cross of Merit (Poland's then highest civilian award) shortly before the outbreak of war.

## World War II

On 1 September 1939, shortly after military operations commenced, Grodyński with his family drove to the railway station in Grudziądz to reach an evacuation point near Lublin. Following news that the Polish Army was withdrawing from the western part of the country, Grodyński moved to the Polish-Russian border and made for the city of Lwów where he and his wife and sons were suddenly arrested and deported to a Soviet forced labour camp near the town of Aldan in the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Yakutsk.

In 1941, following the signing of the Polish-Russian Military Agreement (30 July) which granted amnesty to all those surviving in Soviet Russia, Grodyński immediately requested to meet with the NKWD authorities in Ałdan. On reaching Buzułuk (pl) Grodyński and his family were assigned to different branches of the military and he then parted from his family to re-commence serving in the ranks of the Polish Army.

After a two-week 'working visit' to Moscow, on 25 October Grodyński was assigned to the 6th Polish Army Infantry Division which was being formed in the town of Totskoye in Kazakhstan. The commander of the division was Brigadier General Michał Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski. On 1 November, Grodyński was appointed Commander of the Headquarters' Platoon, the 17th Infantry Regiment, which he led for nine months. The Commander of the Polish Army in the Soviet Union, General Władysław Anders, visited this division four times, including the occasion he accompanied General Sikorski during his official visit to Russia in December 1941. After a few months Grodyński left with 17th Headquarters' Platoon to the vicinity of Shahrisabz in Uzbekistan. In August 1942 this division left Russia by ships from the port of Turkmenbashi (in the Krasnovodsk Gulf of Turkmenistan) on the Caspian Sea to the port of Pahlewi in Persia (now Bandar-e Anzali in Iran). Grodyński continued his military service in Persia, where the Polish Army was transferred under the command of the British. A few months later the entire 6th Division was transported through Hamadan to the territory of Iraq, where all the military units were deployed in the vicinity of the towns of Khanaqin, Quizil-Ribat and Kirkuk. From 18 November to 30 December 1942 Grodyński continued his military service in Iraq as an Officer in Army HQ.

Assigned to Unit II of Army Section Command on 31 December 1942, Grodyński moved from Iraq with 5th Division to Gaza in Palestine. (The dissolution of 6th Infantry Division and merger with 5th Borderland Infantry Division under the sign of the bison, was completed on 11 March 1943.) While there he was visited by his son Marjan, on leave from the famous submarine Sokół, and together they managed to visit Grodyński's wife, Halina, who was working as a Specialist Nurse with the Red Cross in a Polish Hospital near Ismailia in Egypt. The next deployment of the units of 5th Division was in the vicinity of El Qantara. After the Allied Forces began military operations in Italy, with the American Army and British Eighth Army attacking Sicily and the Italian peninsula in September 1943, the Polish Army, commanded by General Władysław Anders, was redeployed to Italy. The 5th Borderland Division, commanded by General Bohusz-Szyszko, was transported by sea from Port Said to Taranto, before 2nd Corps attacked Monte Cassino. During heavy fighting against the German Army, 5th Borderland Infantry Division, commanded by General Nikodem Sulik, were victorious in many battles.

Grodyński's military service in this period exploited his administrative\organizational skills, as well as his intelligence background and multi-lingual skills. On 2 June 1945, he took part in a ceremony in Rome celebrating the anniversary of Garibaldi's death, during which he represented Polish Armed Forces (pl), along with military leaders of French and other national armed forces. The ending of the Second World War was devastating for Grodyński and other serving Poles who fought with the Allied Forces when much of Eastern Europe, including Poland, fell to Russian hegemony, thus robbing many of them of the prospect of returning to their homeland.

Having survived the harsh conditions of Siberia Grodyński joined the Polish Armed Forces and served in the Command of the independent Polish Division of the Eighth Army in North Africa and at Monte Cassino, his key role was acknowledged with his promotion to Captain on 12 June 1946 by Brigadier General Nikodem Sulik.

## Post-War years

After he joined the Polish Resettlement Corps, on 28 March 1947, Grodyński left Italy and sailed to Liverpool. His first place of residence was Polish Military Camp in Chiseldon, near Swindon in Wiltshire, where he became Head of a Polish School created for young Polish soldiers, before moving to reside in London.

Grodyński's closest friends in London were Colonel Józef Werobej (pl) and the Lubomirski-Tyszkiewicz, Offenkowski and Banks families. In addition to the various employment roles he undertook he was a member of different Polish organizations, including the London Institute of 5th Borderland Infantry Division at which, in September 1966, he attended the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Division during which General Władysław Sikorski was commemorated by General Władysław Anders. On Sunday 3 January 1971 Grodyński participated in an event presenting New Year's greetings to President August Zaleski in the Polish President's Office in London. Living in Balham, South London, Grodyński was one of the first members of the Polish Catholic Parish and of the White Eagle Club inaugurated in the area.

Throughout the post-war period Grodyński maintained contacts with government, military and business leaders with whom he had worked previously, while endeavouring 'behind the scenes' (given his senior military intelligence background) to assist the Polish Government-in-exile. A back injury sustained in breaking the fall of one of Poland's former Generals with whom he was walking in London, contributed to his death. Following serious deterioration in his physical health, Stanisław SA Grodyński died in St James' Hospital, Balham, in 1971, and was laid to rest at Streatham Cemetery, to be later joined there by his wife, Halina, who died in 1984.

## Awards

### Polish honours

### British honours

## Bibliography

* *Gwiazdka Cieszyńska* ... edition of 13 June 1896 (49#24) recording the marriage of AK and AM in Cieszyn Parish Church
* *The beginning of independence (11 November 1918)* ... Museum of Józef Piłsudski in Sulejówek, retrieved 19 December 2013 (in Polish)
* *Dziennik Śląska Cieszyńskiego* ... editions of 26, 30 July 1925 (XXII#161/152-3, 163/159,161) with AG obituary, funeral and tribute details
* *Gwiazdka Cieszyńska* ... editions of 28, 31 July 1925 (78#58/224, 59/227) noting further AG details and account of funeral procession
* *Starosts of Interwar Period 1918-1939 (Słownik biograficzny starostów Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej)* ... Janusz Mierzwa, (2018) SG Starost p194/5 ISBN 9788365080769 (in Polish)
* *Kalendarz Grudziądzki 2002* ... Stanisław Poręba, SG Starost 1937-1939 p145-6
* *Dziennik Bydgoski* ... editions of 6 January 1938, SG appointment as Starost, 18 May 1939 (XXIII#114), SG meeting in Grudziądz with Mayor Józef Włodek (pl), Pomeranian Governor Władysław Raczkiewicz, General Michał Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski and Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły (before his appointment as Commander-in-Chief of Polish Forces)
* *Biuletyn Grudziądz* ... edition of 18 March 2020 noting SG as "last Starost of Grudziądz before outbreak of WWII" p4
* *Poland's 1939 Defensive War* ... Eugeniusz Kozłowski, Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Nradowej, Warszawa 1979. ISBN 83-11-06314-1 (in Polish)
* *Poland in the Second World War* ... Jozef Garlinski, ISBN 0-333-39258-2
* *The Pattern of Soviet Domination* ... Stanisław Mikolajczyk (Sampson Low, Marston & Co 1948)
* *The Fate of Poles in the USSR 1939~1989* Tomasz Piesakowski, ISBN 0-901342-24-6
* *Orzeł Biały (White Eagle)* ... edition Nr 24 (159) p9 'O Wolność Prawdziwą' (For Real Freedom, June 1945) Stanisław SA Grodyński representing Poland's Armed Forces at allied commemoration in Rome with Garibaldi grandson (full-page article including two photos)
* *The Polish Resettlement Corps: Organisation of the Corps and Plans for its Employment* ... HM Government 1946
* *Rzeczpospolita Polska (Republic of Poland)* ... London 31 January 1971 - Rok XV NrI (197), front-page lead article and photograph of new year celebration of 3 January with President August Zaleski and Prime Minister Zygmunt Muchniewski
* *Eugeniusz Lubomirski - Kartki z mego życia* ... Polska Fundacja Kulturalna, (1998), with numerous references to cousin, mutual friend and Polish Army Command comrade, Stefan Tyszkiewicz (in Polish)
* *The Grodyński Brigade (Brygadą Grodyńskawo)* ... 1977/2012 book by Andrzej ST Grodyński with biography of Stanisław on pages 47–77

## InfoBox

| Stanisław Sylwester Alfonzy Grodyński | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Decorated Starosta
Polish Military Intelligence Officer | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Stanisław Kusionowicz
(1898-11-04)4 November 1898
Jabłonków, Austrian Silesia |
| Died | 27 August 1971(1971-08-27) (aged 72)
London, England |
| Spouse | Halina Bulczyńska Grodyńska |
| Children | Andrzej, Marjan |
| Alma mater | Kraków & Poznań Universities
(Faculties Law\Administration) |
| Awards | . . . . . . .  Gold Cross of Merit
\< military honours list \> |
|  | |


title: Frank Prendergast

abstract: Francis Joseph Prendergast was an Irish lecturer and Labour Party politician who served for four years in Dáil Éireann, as a Teachta Dála (TD) for Limerick East. He also served two terms as Mayor of Limerick city. Prendergast was an Irish Transport and General Workers' Union (ITGWU) official. He was educated by the Christian Brothers in Limerick, he received a Diploma in Social and Economic Science from University College Cork and an MA in Industrial relations from Keele University in England. He first stood as a candidate for Dáil Éireann at the 1981 general election, as the running-mate of sitting TD Michael Lipper. Both Labour candidates were defeated by the independent socialist Jim Kemmy. Prendergast did not contest the February 1982 general election, but stood again as the sole Labour candidate at the November 1982 general election and regained the seat for Labour. Kemmy regained the seat by a wide margin at the 1987 general election, and Prendergast did not stand again. Kemmy's Democratic Socialist Party merged with the Labour Party in 1990, and the two men continued to serve on Limerick City Council. Prendergast had been Mayor of Limerick twice, from 1977 to 1978 and 1984 to 1985. He died on 19 February 2015, aged 81.

text:
# Frank Prendergast

**Francis Joseph Prendergast** (13 July 1933 – 19 February 2015) was an Irish lecturer and Labour Party politician who served for four years in Dáil Éireann, as a Teachta Dála (TD) for Limerick East. He also served two terms as Mayor of Limerick city. Prendergast was an Irish Transport and General Workers' Union (ITGWU) official.

He was educated by the Christian Brothers in Limerick, he received a Diploma in Social and Economic Science from University College Cork and an MA in Industrial relations from Keele University in England.

He first stood as a candidate for Dáil Éireann at the 1981 general election, as the running-mate of sitting TD Michael Lipper. Both Labour candidates were defeated by the independent socialist Jim Kemmy. Prendergast did not contest the February 1982 general election, but stood again as the sole Labour candidate at the November 1982 general election and regained the seat for Labour.

Kemmy regained the seat by a wide margin at the 1987 general election, and Prendergast did not stand again. Kemmy's Democratic Socialist Party merged with the Labour Party in 1990, and the two men continued to serve on Limerick City Council. Prendergast had been Mayor of Limerick twice, from 1977 to 1978 and 1984 to 1985.

He died on 19 February 2015, aged 81.

## InfoBox

| Frank Prendergast | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Teachta Dála | |
| **In office**
November 1982  February 1987 | |
| Constituency | Limerick East |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1933-07-13)13 July 1933
Limerick, Ireland |
| Died | 19 February 2015(2015-02-19) (aged 81)
Limerick, Ireland |
| Political party | Labour Party |
| Alma mater |  |
|  | |


title: Coelogyne breviscapa

abstract:
Coelogyne breviscapa is a species of orchid in the genus Coelogyne.
It is a small epiphytic/lithopytic orchid that grows in humid environments in the Western Ghats of India, and in Sri Lanka.

text:
# Coelogyne breviscapa

***Coelogyne breviscapa*** is a species of orchid in the genus *Coelogyne*. It is a small epiphytic/lithopytic orchid that grows in humid environments in the Western Ghats of India, and in Sri Lanka.

## InfoBox

| *Coelogyne breviscapa* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Tribe: | Arethuseae |
| Genus: | *Coelogyne* |
| Species: | ***C. breviscapa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Coelogyne breviscapa***<br>Lindl. | |
|


title: Katzweiler

abstract: Katzweiler is a municipality in the district of Kaiserslautern, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany.

text:
# Katzweiler

**Katzweiler** is a municipality in the district of Kaiserslautern, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany.

## History

The municipality was first mentioned in 1190 as *Cazwilere*. Until the end of the 18th Century, it was part of the Electoral Palatinate and under the jurisdiction of the Lautern Superior Court.

From 1798 to 1814, when the Palatinate region was part of the French First Republic (until 1804) und thereafter of the First French Empire, the municipality was incorporated into the Kanton Otterberg. In 1815 the village belonged to Austria, but changed to the Kingdom of Bavaria already in 1816.

In 1939, it became part of the Kaiserslautern district. Following World War II, it was within the French Zone of Occupation that formed the new state of Rhineland-Palatinate in 1946.

In the course of the first administrative reforms in Rheinland-Pfalz, the municipality became part of the newly formed Verbandsgemeinde Otterbach in 1971. Since July 1, 2014, it is part of the Verbandsgemeinde Otterbach-Otterberg .

## InfoBox

| Katzweiler | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Katzweiler within Kaiserslautern district | |
| Katzweiler Katzweiler | |
| Coordinates: 49°30′10″N 7°41′53″E / 49.50278°N 7.69806°E / 49.50278; 7.69806 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Rhineland-Palatinate |
| District | Kaiserslautern |
| Municipal assoc. | Otterbach-Otterberg |
| Government | |
| Mayor (201924) | Sven Rheinheimer (FW) |
| Area | |
| Total | 9.42 km2 (3.64 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 226 m (741 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 1,946 |
| Density | 210/km2 (540/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 67734 |
| Dialling codes | 06301 |
| Vehicle registration | KL |


title: Frank Coutts (rugby union)

abstract: Frank Coutts was a Scotland international rugby union player. He became the 91st President of the Scottish Rugby Union.

text:
# Frank Coutts (rugby union)

**Frank Coutts** (8 July 1918 – 20 October 2008) was a Scotland international rugby union player. He became the 91st President of the Scottish Rugby Union.

## Rugby Union career

### Amateur career

Coutts played for Melrose and the Army.

He played for the Army against a 'Rest of Scotland' side on 15 February 1947.

He played a charity match on 17 April 1948. This was C.R. Bruce's over-25 select XV against H. Waddell's under-25 select XV. This was in aid of the Glasgow Academy building fund and it drew the largest crowd of the season at New Anniesland. The match was won by H. Waddell's XV by 21-15. Coutts played well for the C.R. Bruce XV kicking a penalty and a conversion.

He played for the Public School Wanderers in August 1949.

He was playing for London Scottish till the end of December 1949. He was then posted back with the army to Edinburgh district. However on the move back to Scotland, Coutts made arrangements to play for Glasgow Academicals.

He played for the Co-Optimists on 4 October 1950 against South of Scotland District.

He played for Glasgow Academicals in 1950.

### Provincial career

He played for Scotland Probables in the 1946 December trial match; and in the January 1947 second trial match that season.

He travelled 400 miles from Edinburgh to play for a Kent county side against Eastern Counties on 4 January 1950. It was the deciding match in the South-Eastern division of the English county championship.

### International career

Coutts played for Scotland in war-time internationals when at Melrose.

He played for Scotland 3 times in 1947.

### Administrative career

Coutts was SRU Vice-President in 1976.

He became the 91st President of the Scottish Rugby Union. He served the standard one year from 1977 to 1978.

During his presidency, the SRU accepted a £80,000 sponsorship from Schweppes in a 3 year deal. The winners of each of the 7 national divisions will receive a Schweppes Trophy. However Coutts said that the SRU frowned on sponsorship in general and had refused a building society when they wanted to sponsor the Melrose Sevens.

## Military career

Coutts was a Colonel with the King's Own Scottish Borderers.

Coutts became a Brigadier in the army.

He became a general secretary of the Royal British Legion in Scotland.

## Family

His mother Rose Coutts lived till she was 100, dying a week short of her 101st birthday, in August 1987.

Coutts had 3 brothers and a sister. One of them was knighted as Sir Walter Coutts.

Another brother, Captain J. Burnaby 'Ben' Coutts, was a radio and TV broadcaster and an author of books on agriculture.

His grandfather Sir John Fleming was an Aberdeen M.P. and Lord Provost of the city.

## InfoBox

Frank Coutts
| Birth name | Francis Henderson Coutts |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1918-07-08)8 July 1918 |
| Place of birth | Glasgow, Scotland |
| Date of death | 20 October 2008(2008-10-20) (aged 90) |
| Place of death | Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Notable relative(s) | Walter Coutts, brother |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Lock  Amateur team(s)  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  Melrose   ()  Army   ()  1948  C. R. Bruce XV   ()  -1949 London Scottish   ()  1949 Public School Wanderers   ()  1950  Co-Optimists   ()  1950 Glasgow Academicals   ()  Provincial / State sides  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1946-47 Scotland Probables   ()  1950 Kent   ()  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1947 Scotland  3  (0) | |
|  | |
|  | |
| 91st President of the Scottish Rugby Union | |
| **In office**<br>1977–1978 | |
| Preceded by | Hector Monro |
| Succeeded by | Lex Govan |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Star Trek: Enterprise season 3

abstract: The third season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: Enterprise commenced airing on UPN in the United States on September 10, 2003 and concluded on May 26, 2004 after 24 episodes. Set in the 22nd century, the series follows the adventures of the first Starfleet starship Enterprise, registration NX-01, and its crew. Starting with the third episode of this season, producers added Star Trek to the name of the show, previously the series was known simply as Enterprise. The opening theme was also changed for a more instrumental version. With UPN seeking to attract a wider audience for the show, this season the writers pivoted from the stand-alone episodes Star Trek had been known for, to a single, serialized storyline: the crew's mission to prevent the Earth being destroyed by a newly introduced alien species, the Xindi. Episodes focus on action-driven plots and a military assault team is stationed aboard as the crew faces more combat during missions away from Enterprise.

text:
# Star Trek: Enterprise season 3

The third season of the American science fiction television series *Star Trek: Enterprise* commenced airing on UPN in the United States on September 10, 2003 and concluded on May 26, 2004 after 24 episodes. Set in the 22nd century, the series follows the adventures of the first Starfleet starship *Enterprise*, registration NX-01, and its crew.

Starting with the third episode of this season, producers added *Star Trek* to the name of the show, previously the series was known simply as *Enterprise*. The opening theme was also changed for a more instrumental version.

With UPN seeking to attract a wider audience for the show, this season the writers pivoted from the stand-alone episodes *Star Trek* had been known for, to a single, serialized storyline: the crew's mission to prevent the Earth being destroyed by a newly introduced alien species, the Xindi. Episodes focus on action-driven plots and a military assault team is stationed aboard as the crew faces more combat during missions away from *Enterprise*.

## Plot overview

The third season embraces a heavily serialized format initially dedicated to the search for a Xindi superweapon. It focuses on the *Enterprise* NX-01's mission to prevent a second, more powerful Xindi attack from destroying Earth. It also explores and develops the early encounters between Humans, Vulcans and Andorians. Additionally, main characters such as Captain Archer, Commander Tucker and Sub-Commander T'Pol receive considerable development.

## Cast

### Main cast

### Recurring cast

## Episodes

In the following table, episodes are listed by the order in which they aired.

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Date | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | Prod.
code | U.S. viewers
(millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 53 | 1 | "The Xindi" | Unknown | Allan Kroeker | Rick Berman & Brannon Braga | September 10, 2003 (2003-09-10) | 40358-053 | 4.07 |
| Captain Archer and Lieutenant Reed visit a mining facility in order to track down a Xindi. | | | | | | | | |
| 54 | 2 | "Anomaly" | Unknown | David Straiton | Mike Sussman | September 17, 2003 (2003-09-17) | 40358-054 | 4.29 |
| The crew of *Enterprise* encounters the rigours of the Delphic Expanse first-hand, and deal with pirates operating from a giant cloaked alien sphere. | | | | | | | | |
| 55 | 3 | "Extinction" | Unknown | LeVar Burton | André Bormanis | September 24, 2003 (2003-09-24) | 40358-055 | 4.00 |
| While pursuing the Xindi, three crew members are exposed to an alien virus and begin to mutate into Loque'eque, a long-dead alien race. | | | | | | | | |
| 56 | 4 | "Rajiin" | Unknown | Mike Vejar | *S*: Paul Brown
*T*: Chris Black
*S/T*: Brent V. Friedman | October 1, 2003 (2003-10-01) | 40358-056 | 4.51 |
| A slave girl Archer rescues from an alien bazaar seeks refuge aboard *Enterprise* but betrays the crew instead. | | | | | | | | |
| 57 | 5 | "Impulse" | Unknown | David Livingston | *S*: Terry Matalas
*S/T*: Jonathan Fernandez | October 8, 2003 (2003-10-08) | 40358-057 | 4.17 |
| *Enterprise* encounters a Vulcan ship whose crew has become unstable due to Trellium-D exposure. Sub-Commander T'Pol soon begins to exhibit the same symptoms. | | | | | | | | |
| 58 | 6 | "Exile" | Unknown | Roxann Dawson | Phyllis Strong | October 15, 2003 (2003-10-15) | 40358-058 | 3.46 |
| A *Beauty and the Beast*-like tale involving Ensign Sato encountering a potentially helpful telepath on a deserted world. | | | | | | | | |
| 59 | 7 | "The Shipment" | Unknown | David Straiton | Chris Black & Brent V. Friedman | October 29, 2003 (2003-10-29) | 40358-059 | 3.70 |
| Captain Archer learns of kemocite, a key element in a new weapon being built to destroy Earth, and seeks to follow its supply to the superweapon. | | | | | | | | |
| 60 | 8 | "Twilight" | Unknown | Robert Duncan McNeill | Mike Sussman | November 5, 2003 (2003-11-05) | 40358-060 | 4.06 |
| A parasite causes Captain Archer to lose his short-term memory, and he (with the help of T'Pol and Doctor Phlox) seeks a way to change the past. | | | | | | | | |
| 61 | 9 | "North Star" | Unknown | David Straiton | David A. Goodman | November 12, 2003 (2003-11-12) | 40358-061 | 3.88 |
| Investigating a planet found to be inhabited by humans, the crew find a town resembling the American "Old West". | | | | | | | | |
| 62 | 10 | "Similitude" | Unknown | LeVar Burton | Manny Coto | November 19, 2003 (2003-11-19) | 40358-062 | 4.59 |
| Commander Tucker becomes comatose after an accident, and a rapid-growing clone is created for the purpose of harvesting brain tissue. | | | | | | | | |
| 63 | 11 | "Carpenter Street" | Unknown | Mike Vejar | Rick Berman & Brannon Braga | November 26, 2003 (2003-11-26) | 40358-063 | 3.71 |
| With the help of Temporal Agent Daniels, Captain Archer and Sub-Commander T'Pol go back to 2004 Detroit to stop a group of Reptilians from developing a biological weapon.TCW | | | | | | | | |
| 64 | 12 | "Chosen Realm" | Unknown | Roxann Dawson | Manny Coto | January 14, 2004 (2004-01-14) | 40358-064 | 3.93 |
| Religious zealots seek to execute Captain Archer, for supposed acts of sphere desecration, after hijacking *Enterprise*. | | | | | | | | |
| 65 | 13 | "Proving Ground" | December 6, 2153 (2153-12-06) | David Livingston | Chris Black | January 21, 2004 (2004-01-21) | 40358-065 | 3.44 |
| Xindi scientists test their new, planet-killing weapon in an asteroid field as Captain Archer is suddenly assisted by Andorians in the Delphic Expanse.Fed | | | | | | | | |
| 66 | 14 | "Stratagem" | December 12, 2153 (2153-12-12) | Mike Vejar | *S*: Terry Matalas
*T*: Mike Sussman | February 4, 2004 (2004-02-04) | 40358-066 | 4.07 |
| A Xindi scientist, Degra, is tricked into giving Captain Archer information about the location of the new superweapon. | | | | | | | | |
| 67 | 15 | "Harbinger" | December 27, 2153 (2153-12-27) | David Livingston | *S*: Rick Berman & Brannon Braga
*T*: Manny Coto | February 11, 2004 (2004-02-11) | 40358-067 | 3.95 |
| *Enterprise* encounters a dying alien, one of the Sphere Builders, for the first time. | | | | | | | | |
| 68 | 16 | "Doctor's Orders" | Unknown | Roxann Dawson | Chris Black | February 18, 2004 (2004-02-18) | 40358-068 | 3.73 |
| As *Enterprise* passes through a "trans-dimensional disturbance," the crew is put into hibernation, leaving Doctor Phlox in control of the ship. | | | | | | | | |
| 69 | 17 | "Hatchery" | January 8, 2154 (2154-01-08) | Michael Grossman | *S*: Mike Sussman
*S/T*: André Bormanis | February 25, 2004 (2004-02-25) | 40358-069 | 3.52 |
| Captain Archer becomes overly protective of an Insectoid hatchery, to the point of endangering their mission. | | | | | | | | |
| 70 | 18 | "Azati Prime" | Unknown | Allan Kroeker | *S*: Rick Berman, Brannon Braga
*S/T*: Manny Coto | March 3, 2004 (2004-03-03) | 40358-070 | 3.78 |
| Finding the superweapon on Azati Prime, Captain Archer embarks on a suicide mission to destroy it, and *Enterprise* suffers a devastating attack by the Xindi.TCW Fed | | | | | | | | |
| 71 | 19 | "Damage" | Unknown | James L. Conway | Phyllis Strong | April 21, 2004 (2004-04-21) | 40358-071 | 2.86 |
| *Enterprise*, now heavily damaged, seeks a warp coil from an alien vessel but is forced to steal it. | | | | | | | | |
| 72 | 20 | "The Forgotten" | Unknown | LeVar Burton | Chris Black & David A. Goodman | April 28, 2004 (2004-04-28) | 40358-072 | 3.35 |
| Captain Archer deals with the loss of 18 crew members and continues negotiations with two of the five Xindi species. | | | | | | | | |
| 73 | 21 | "" | Unknown | Roxann Dawson | Mike Sussman | May 5, 2004 (2004-05-05) | 40358-073 | 3.25 |
| The *Enterprise* crew meet their own descendants from an alternate timeline in the past. | | | | | | | | |
| 74 | 22 | "The Council" | February 12, 2154 (2154-02-12) | David Livingston | Manny Coto | May 12, 2004 (2004-05-12) | 40358-074 | 3.41 |
| Captain Archer speaks at the Xindi Council, sparking a civil war for control of the superweapon. | | | | | | | | |
| 75 | 23 | "Countdown" | February 13, 2154 (2154-02-13) | Robert Duncan McNeill | André Bormanis & Chris Black | May 19, 2004 (2004-05-19) | 40358-075 | 3.46 |
| Captain Archer seeks the support of the Aquatics in order to tip the war in their favor. | | | | | | | | |
| 76 | 24 | "Zero Hour" | February 14, 2154 (2154-02-14) | Allan Kroeker | Rick Berman & Brannon Braga | May 26, 2004 (2004-05-26) | 40358-076 | 3.91 |
| The final showdown with the Reptilians and their Guardian allies occurs. | | | | | | | | |

## Production

Season 3 was the first to use a single story arc for an entire season and is only one of two seasons (of every *Star Trek* series) not to feature a Klingon character, the other being the first season of *Star Trek: Strange New Worlds*. The season was cut from 26 to 24 episodes by Paramount, following some disappointing early ratings. In an attempt at boosting ratings, the series title was changed to *Star Trek: Enterprise* after "Extinction" (earlier episodes released later on DVD were updated to reflect this change) and the theme music was made more upbeat.

The series had been filmed in High Definition from the pilot episode, but the sixth episode, "Exile", was the first episode to be broadcast in HD.

## Broadcast

| Season | Timeslot | Season Premiere | Season Finale | TV Season | Rank | Viewers
(in millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 3rd |  | September 10, 2003 | May 26, 2004 | 2003–2004 | 178 | 3.26 |

## Media information

Season three was also included in a complete set containing all four seasons of the series.

## Reception

*Enterprise'*s long-term ratings decline, which it had been suffering through its entire run, continued in Season 3, which featured both the show's last episode to be seen by more than four million people ("Stratagem"), and the first to be seen by fewer than three million ("Damage").

In 2019, *CBR* rated Season 3 of *Star Trek: Enterprise* as the seventh best season of all *Star Trek* seasons up to that time.

In 2022, Dominic Keating said he liked the original theme music, but disliked the revised version used in Season 3.

## InfoBox

| *Star Trek: Enterprise* | |
| --- | --- |
| Season 3 | |
| DVD and Blu-ray cover | |
| No. of episodes | 24 |
| Release | |
| Original network | UPN |
| Original release | September 10, 2003 (2003-09-10)
May 26, 2004 (2004-05-26) |
| Season chronology | |
|


title: Cocktail glass

abstract: A cocktail glass is a stemmed glass with an inverted cone bowl, mainly used to serve straight-up cocktails. The term cocktail glass is often used interchangeably with martini glass, despite their differing slightly. Today, the glass is used to serve a variety of cocktails, such as the martini and its variations, Manhattan, Brandy Alexander, pisco sour, Negroni, cosmopolitan, gimlet, and the grasshopper.

text:
# Cocktail glass

A **cocktail glass** is a stemmed glass with an inverted cone bowl, mainly used to serve straight-up cocktails. The term *cocktail glass* is often used interchangeably with ***martini glass***, despite their differing slightly. Today, the glass is used to serve a variety of cocktails, such as the martini and its variations (Gibson, French martini, vodka martini, espresso martini, appletini), Manhattan, Brandy Alexander, pisco sour, Negroni, cosmopolitan, gimlet, and the grasshopper.

## History

Invented in the late 19th century, its form derives from the fact that all cocktails are traditionally served chilled and contain an aromatic element. Thus, the stem allows the drinker to hold the glass without affecting the temperature of the drink, an important aspect due to the lack of added ice which in other drinks serves to cool the drink, and the wide bowl places the surface of the drink directly under the drinker's nose, ensuring the aromatic element has the desired effect. In the modern day, cocktail glasses without stems are common; however, these glasses warm very quickly, a phenomenon the original stem addressed.

## Martini glass

Although the terms *cocktail glass* and *martini glass* are often used interchangeably, a martini glass is slightly larger, with a more conical rather than rounded shape, features a longer stem, and has a wider rim.

Despite a popular story that says the martini glass was invented during Prohibition so that in the case of a raid on a speakeasy, the large rim allowed the drink to be easily disposed of, the martini glass was formally introduced in the 1925 Paris Exhibition as a modernist take on the Champagne coupe, and wasn't originally used as it is today: in films of the 1920s it is shown to be used to hold champagne, like the coupe. However, despite the design taking influence from the geometric aesthetics of the era's architecture, interiors and furnishings, it was designed less for aesthetics and more for functionality – with the longer stem reducing the warming effect of body heat upon the contents of the glass, and the widened brim increasing surface area, supposedly allowing the gin, the main ingredient in martinis, to release its bouquet. Steeply sloping sides prevent ingredients separating, and also serve to support a toothpick or olives on a cocktail skewer.

The martini glass has somewhat fallen out of favour in modern times due to its tendency to spill drinks, and the coupe is sometimes used instead.

## Sizes

A standard cocktail glass contains 90 to 300 millilitres (3 to 10 US fl oz), though originally they were around 120 millilitres (4 US fl oz) in size. Oversized cocktail glasses, ranging in capacity from 180 ml (6 US fl oz) to large glasses of 350 ml (12 US fl oz) or more are available.


title: Rattlesnake Island (Clear Lake)

abstract: - For other places with the same name, see Rattlesnake Island (disambiguation). Rattlesnake Island is an island located on Clear Lake in Lake County, northern California. Its land area is nominally 53 acres, but may vary significantly as lake levels rise and fall. It is 500 feet offshore from the north shore of the eastern arm of Clear Lake, the site of the Elem Indian Colony. There is evidence of Native American activity on the island, possibly dating back as much as 8,000 years, although little archaeological work has been conducted. This site is connected with the prehistoric Post Pattern, and has probably been used by the Southeastern Pomo throughout prehistoric times. The Elem Pomo Colony have claimed the island to be their place of origin, and a political and religious center. A history of ownership disputes dates as far back as the late nineteenth century. Due to a controversial 1949 U.S. court decision, the Elem Pomo tribe lost legal control of 80,000 acres of its ancestral land, including the island. At present, legal title to the island is held by a Bay Area businessman, John Nady His 2003 attempt to obtain permits to construct a log cabin on the island was challenged by Elem Indian Colony members but eventually granted. John Parker, a local archaeologist, petitioned the federal government to add the island to the National Register of Historical Places. John Nady was developing a sustainable vacation home there with solar power and resident livestock. John Nady died in September 2024.

text:
# Rattlesnake Island (Clear Lake)

*For other places with the same name, see Rattlesnake Island (disambiguation).*

**Rattlesnake Island** is an island located on Clear Lake in Lake County, northern California. Its land area is nominally 53 acres (210,000 square meters), but may vary significantly as lake levels rise and fall. It is 500 feet (150 meters) offshore from the north shore of the eastern arm of Clear Lake, the site of the Elem Indian Colony.

There is evidence of Native American activity on the island, possibly dating back as much as 8,000 years, although little archaeological work has been conducted. This site is connected with the prehistoric Post Pattern, and has probably been used by the Southeastern Pomo throughout prehistoric times. The Elem Pomo Colony have claimed the island to be their place of origin, and a political and religious center.

A history of ownership disputes dates as far back as the late nineteenth century. Due to a controversial 1949 U.S. court decision, the Elem Pomo tribe lost legal control of 80,000 acres (32,375 hectares) of its ancestral land, including the island. At present, legal title to the island is held by a Bay Area businessman, John Nady (founder of Nady Systems, Inc.) His 2003 attempt to obtain permits to construct a log cabin on the island was challenged by Elem Indian Colony members but eventually granted. John Parker, a local archaeologist, petitioned the federal government to add the island to the National Register of Historical Places. John Nady was developing a sustainable vacation home there with solar power and resident livestock. John Nady died in September 2024.

Nady Systems - About Us

39°00′44″N 122°40′45″W / 39.01231°N 122.67926°W / 39.01231; -122.67926


title: Stanisław Michał Ubysz

abstract: Stanisław Michał Ubysz - chorąży (ensign) of Gostyń, member of parliament of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was elected as a member of parliament in 1666 and also in 1672. As a supporter of king Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki on 20 June 1672 broke Sejm. In 1676 he was an elector of Jan III Sobieski.

text:
# Stanisław Michał Ubysz

**Stanisław Michał Ubysz** (also Michał Stanisław Ubysz) (died after 1676) - chorąży (ensign) of Gostyń, member of parliament (*sejm walny*) of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

He was elected as a member of parliament in 1666 and also in 1672. As a supporter of king Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki on 20 June 1672 broke Sejm. In 1676 he was an elector of Jan III Sobieski.

* Niesiecki, Kasper (1842). *Herbarz polski*. Vol. 9. Lipsk: Bretikopf & Hertel. p. 187.
* Przyboś, Adam (1984). *Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki 1640-1673*. Kraków - Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Literackie. p. 183.


title: Coenergy

abstract: In physics and engineering, Coenergy is a non-physical quantity, measured in energy units, used in theoretical analysis of energy in physical systems.The concept of co-energy can be applied to many conservative systems, which can be described by a linear relationship between the input and stored energy.The co-energy analysis techniques cannot be applied to non-linear systems. However, small nonlinearities are often neglected by linearisation of the problems.

text:
# Coenergy

In physics and engineering, **Coenergy** (or **co-energy**) is a non-physical quantity, measured in energy units, used in theoretical analysis of energy in physical systems.

> The concept of co-energy can be applied to many conservative systems (inertial mechanical, electromagnetic, etc.), which can be described by a linear relationship between the input and stored energy.

The co-energy analysis techniques cannot be applied to non-linear systems. However, small nonlinearities are often neglected by linearisation of the problems.

## Example - magnetic coenergy

Consider a system with a single coil and a non-moving armature (i.e. no mechanical work is done). Hence, all of the electric energy supplied to the device is stored in the magnetic field. $dW\_{\text{input}=dW\_{\text{stored}\qquad (dW\_{\text{mechanical}=0)}}}$

where (*e* is the voltage, *i* is the current, and $\lambda $ is the flux linkage): $dW\_{\text{input}=ei\\,dt}$ $dW\_{\text{stored}=i\\,d\lambda }$ therefore $dW\_{\text{stored}=ei\\,dt=i\\,d\lambda }$

For a general problem the relationship $i-\lambda $ is non-linear (see also magnetic hysteresis).

If there is a finite change in flux linkage from one value to another (e.g. from $\lambda \_{1}$ to $\lambda \_{2}$), it can be calculated as: $\Delta W\_{\text{stored}=\int \_{1}^{\lambda \_{2}i(\lambda )\\,d\lambda }}$

(If the changes are cyclic there will be losses for hysteresis and eddy currents. The additional energy for this would be taken from the input energy, so that the flux linkage to the coil is not affected by the losses and the coil can be treated as an ideal lossless coil. Such system is therefore conservative.)

For calculations either the flux linkage $\lambda $ or the current *i* can be used as the independent variable.

The total energy stored in the system is equal to the area OABO, which is in turn equal to OACO, therefore: $\mathrm {Energy} =\operatorname {Area} (OABO)=W\_{\text{stored}=\int \_{0}^{\lambda }i(\lambda )\\,d\lambda }$ $\mathrm {Coenergy} =\operatorname {Area} (OACO)=W'\_{\text{stored}=\int \_{0}^{i}\lambda (i)\\,di}$

For linear lossless systems the coenergy is equal in value to the stored energy. The coenergy has no real physical meaning, but it is useful in calculating mechanical forces in electromagnetic systems. To distinguish it from the "real" energy in calculations it is usually marked with an apostrophe.

The total area of the rectangle OCABO is equal to the sum of the two triangles (energy + coenergy), so: $\operatorname {Area} (OCABO)=\operatorname {Area} (OABO)+\operatorname {Area} (OACO)$

Hence for at a given operating point with current *i* and flux linkage $\lambda $: $\mathrm {Energy} (W)+\mathrm {Coenergy} (W')=i\lambda $

The self inductance is defined as flux linkage over current: $L={\frac {\lambda }{i}}$ and the energy stored in a coil is: $W\_{\text{energy}={\frac {1}{2}{\frac {\lambda ^{2}{L}={\frac {1}{2}Li^{2}}}}}}$

In a magnetic circuit with a movable-armature the inductance *L*(*x*) will be a function of position x.

Therefore the field energy can be written as a function of two mathematically independent variables $\lambda $ and x: $W(\lambda ,x)\_{\text{energy}={\frac {1}{2}\\,{\frac {\lambda ^{2}{L(x)}}}}}$

And the coenergy is a function of two independent variables i and x: $W'(i,x)\_{\text{coenergy}={\frac {1}{2}L(x)i^{2}}}$

The last two expressions are general equations for energy and coenergy in magnetostatic system.

## Applications of coenergy theory

The concept of coenergy is practically used for instance in finite element analysis for calculations of mechanical forces between magnetized parts.


title: Coen River

abstract: The Coen River is a river in the Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, Australia. The headwaters of the river rise at the confluence of Pandanus Creek and an unnamed creek near Bend along the Peninsula Developmental Road in the Great Dividing Range. The river flows in an easterly direction crossing the Peninsula Developmental Road at Coen then veering north east through mostly uninhabited country including Mungkan Kandju National Park then heading east and eventually discharging into the Archer River. The Coen River is a tributary of the Archer river and was for a time known as the South Coen River. The catchment area of the river occupies an 3,207 square kilometres (1,238 sq mi) of which an area of 29 square kilometres (11 sq mi) is composed of riverine wetlands. The present (1996) Pennefather River was originally called the Coen River by Jan Carstenszoon in honour of Jan Pieterszoon Coen, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies. The present Archer River was probably confused by Matthew Flinders with Carstenszoon's Coen River.

text:
# Coen River

The **Coen River** is a river in the Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, Australia.

The headwaters of the river rise at the confluence of Pandanus Creek and an unnamed creek near Bend along the Peninsula Developmental Road in the Great Dividing Range. The river flows in an easterly direction crossing the Peninsula Developmental Road at Coen then veering north east through mostly uninhabited country including Mungkan Kandju National Park then heading east and eventually discharging into the Archer River. The Coen River is a tributary of the Archer river and was for a time known as the South Coen River.

The catchment area of the river occupies an 3,207 square kilometres (1,238 sq mi) of which an area of 29 square kilometres (11 sq mi) is composed of riverine wetlands.

The present (1996) Pennefather River (renamed 1894) was originally called the Coen River by Jan Carstenszoon in honour of Jan Pieterszoon Coen, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies. The present Archer River was probably confused by Matthew Flinders with Carstenszoon's Coen River.

## InfoBox

| Coen | |
| --- | --- |
| Coen River | |
| Location of Coen River mouth in Queensland | |
| Location | |
| Country | Australia |
| State | Queensland |
| Regions | Far North Queensland, Cape York Peninsula |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Great Dividing Range |
|  | |
|  | |
| 2nd source | Pandanus Creek |
| location | near Bend |
| elevation | 205 m (673 ft) |
|  | |
| Mouth | confluence with the Archer River |
| location | Oyala Thumotang National Park |
| coordinates | 13°36′21″S 142°09′30″E / 13.60583°S 142.15833°E / -13.60583; 142.15833 |
| elevation | 35 m (115 ft) |
| Length | 217 km (135 mi) |
| Basin size | 3,207 km2 (1,238 sq mi) |
| Basin features | |
| National park | Mungkan Kandju National Park |
|  | |


title: Starosiele

abstract: Starosiele is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dubienka, within Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) south of Dubienka, 31 km (19 mi) south-east of Chełm, and 95 km (59 mi) east of the regional capital Lublin.

text:
# Starosiele

**Starosiele** \[starɔˈɕɛlɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dubienka, within Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) south of Dubienka, 31 km (19 mi) south-east of Chełm, and 95 km (59 mi) east of the regional capital Lublin.

## InfoBox

| Starosiele | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Starosiele | |
| Coordinates: 51°2′N 23°53′E / 51.033°N 23.883°E / 51.033; 23.883 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Chełm |
| Gmina | Dubienka |


title: Star activity

abstract: Star activity is the relaxation or alteration of the specificity of restriction enzyme mediated cleavage of DNA that can occur under reaction conditions that differ significantly from those optimal for the enzyme. The result is typically cleavage at non-canonical recognition sites, or sometimes complete loss of specificity. Differences which can lead to star include low ionic strength, high pH, and high glycerol concentrations. The latter condition is of particular practical interest, since commercial restriction enzymes are usually supplied in a buffer containing a substantial amount of glycerol, meaning insufficient dilution of the enzyme solution can cause star activity; this problem most often arises during double or multiple digests. Star activity can happen because of presence of Mg2+, as is seen in HindIII, for example. The term star activity was introduced by Mayer who characterized the modified activity in EcoRI.

text:
# Star activity

**Star activity** is the relaxation or alteration of the specificity of restriction enzyme mediated cleavage of DNA that can occur under reaction conditions that differ significantly from those optimal for the enzyme. The result is typically cleavage at non-canonical recognition sites, or sometimes complete loss of specificity.

Differences which can lead to star include low ionic strength, high pH, and high (\> 5% v/v) glycerol concentrations. The latter condition is of particular practical interest, since commercial restriction enzymes are usually supplied in a buffer containing a substantial amount of glycerol (50% v/v is typical), meaning insufficient dilution of the enzyme solution can cause star activity; this problem most often arises during double or multiple digests. Star activity can happen because of presence of Mg2+, as is seen in HindIII, for example.

The term star activity was introduced by Mayer who characterized the modified activity in EcoRI.

* Star Activity \- New England Biolabs
* Star Activity (Relaxation of Specificity) \- Fermentas
* Star activity of restriction enzymes \- a detailed list from TaKaRa
* Wei, H; Therrien, C; Blanchard, A; Guan, S; Zhu, Z (2008). "The Fidelity Index provides a systematic quantitation of star activity of DNA restriction endonucleases". *Nucleic Acids Research*. **36** (9): e50. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn182. PMC 2396408. PMID 18413342.


title: Coiling

abstract: A coiling or coil is a curve, helix, or spiral used for storing rope or cable in compact and reliable yet easily attainable form. They are often discussed with knots. Rope are often coiled and hung up in lofts for storage. They are also hung over stakes in farm wagons and on hooks in moving vans, fire apparatus and linesmen's repair trucks. For such active storage coils must be well made.

text:
# Coiling

A **coiling** or **coil** is a curve, helix, or spiral used for storing rope or cable in compact and reliable yet easily attainable form. They are often discussed with knots.

> Rope are often coiled and hung up in lofts for storage. They are also hung over stakes in farm wagons and on hooks in moving vans, fire apparatus and linesmen's repair trucks. For such active storage coils must be well made.
>
> *The Ashley Book of Knots*

## Mountaineer's coil

The **mountaineer's coil**  (also **alpine coil**, **climber's coil**, **lap coil**, or **standing coil**) is a traditional method used by climbers to store and transport a climbing rope. This older style coil is noted as being more prone to twists and tangles than the butterfly coil, and care must be taken upon uncoiling to avoid these problems.

### Tying method

Begin by taking hold of the rope in one hand with its end facing you. Coil the rope in arm's length sections with your free hand (extending it away from the other as far as it will reach to ensure each segment is of equal length as it is gathered). Alternate tucking the new gather in front and behind the previous coil to avoid putting a half-turn in the rope with each coil.

When the last segment is reached form a short bight atop the gathered rope with its standing end. Grasp the working end and pass it over the bight and back through the center of the coiled rope in a round turn several times, making each new wrap closer to the bight until only a short tail remains. Pass this tail through the bight then grasp the standing end and pull it away from the bight until it is cinched tight around the working end.

For added security, ensure both ends are sufficiently long to tie them into a reef knot.

Forming the coilCoil the rope until its ends are reachedMake a bight in one end (the standing end)Wrap the opposite end (the working end) around the coil in a round turnMake several additional round turns then insert the working end through the bightPull the standing end to tighten the bight and complete the knot

## Butterfly coil

The **butterfly coil** (also known as a ***backpacker's coil***) is a method used by climbers for storing and transporting a climbing rope. Slinging the coiled rope over the shoulders and tying it in place for carrying earns the technique its alternative name.

Unlike the alpine coil it cannot be attached to a harness for climbing, and thus is useful only for transporting a rope to and from where it must be used.

The method is also useful for much smaller items such as for keeping earphone cables from tangling.

### Tying method

Depending on the thickness and length, one can use palms of hands stretched out to the sides (crossing over the neck), two knees, passive side palm and elbow, or two fingers of the passive hand. The following is for the extra long climbing rope.

Start with both rope ends in one hand. Pull 1.5–2 arm lengths of the pair through and let their ends hang free. Begin coiling the balance of both strands one arm length at a time, alternating the gathers in the opposite hand into two separate "lobes" (or wings) draping on either side.

With 1.5–2 arm lengths remaining secure the coil by wrapping both strands twice round both lobes approximately 1–1.5' down, then pass a short bight above the wraps and through the coil. Pass both free ends over the top of the coil and through the bight to cinch it tight.

Attach the rope for transport by placing the coil atop one's back, with one free end passing over each shoulder. Pass the ends back under the armpits, cross them over the coil, then bring them forward again, securing in front with a square knot.

An alternate method draws the doubled rope over the shoulders instead of in front of the climber.

## Over/under cable coiling

**Over/under cable coiling** refers to a method of storing cables that preserves the capacitance and common-mode rejection ratio built in by the manufacturer with a twist in the cable, and the shielding that encases the twisted pairs within. It allows the cable to lie flat when uncoiled, and makes for easier and faster work.

The "over/under" name refers to the practice of twisting the cable in one direction to make the first coil, and un-twisting it to make the next, and repeating this until all the cable is neatly coiled. Care needs to be taken to keep each end on its proper side of the roll when uncoiling otherwise a knot will appear with every other loop. Connecting the ends on the outside of the loops, or tying them in that position, ensures that the ends don't pass through the loops in storage so there are no knots when the cable is laid out.

There are a number of informal terms in common circulation including "over/under wrapping", "countercoiling", and "flip-coiling".

### Straight coiling

Straight coiling, or the practice of coiling a cable in the same direction coil after coil, has the similar result to coiling cable on a spool. If the cable comes off the spool the same way it goes on, the internal 'lay' is preserved, and the cable isn't damaged or twisted internally. If a cable is straight coiled and then pulled from the coil, it has the effect as coiling cable on a spool and then pulling the cable off the top of the spool, imparting a twist in the cable with every coil that is removed. To make it lie flat, the twist will need to be removed. The advantages of straight coiling cable are that it will not produce knots when uncoiling and is easily taught and therefore can be accomplished easily by assistants.

* Sheepshank, also known as shank knot – Type of knot
* Chain sinnet – Series of knots for shortening a cable


title: Coill Dubh

abstract: Coill Dubh, also known as Blackwood, is a town in Ireland in northern County Kildare, at the junction of the R403 and R408 regional roads, about 40 km (25 mi) from Dublin. It was one of the fastest growing urban area in Ireland between the 2016 and 2022 census, with its population doubling from 746 to 1,476. The village is home to Coill Dubh GAA club, which has won the Kildare Senior Hurling Championship eleven times.

text:
# Coill Dubh

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1961 | 645 |  |
| 1966 | 786 | +21.9% |
| 1971 | 920 | +17.0% |
| 1981 | 876 | −4.8% |
| 1986 | 772 | −11.9% |
| 1991 | 693 | −10.2% |
| 1996 | 682 | −1.6% |
| 2002 | 592 | −13.2% |
| 2006 | 684 | +15.5% |
| 2011 | 693 | +1.3% |
| 2016 | 746 | +7.6% |
| 2022 | 1,476 | +97.9% |
|  | | |

**Coill Dubh** (Irish pronunciation: \[ˌkəil̠ʲ ˈd̪ˠʊw\]; meaning "black wood"), also known as Blackwood, is a town in Ireland in northern County Kildare, at the junction of the R403 and R408 regional roads, about 40 km (25 mi) from Dublin. It was one of the fastest growing urban area in Ireland between the 2016 and 2022 census, with its population doubling from 746 to 1,476.

The village is home to Coill Dubh GAA club, which has won the Kildare Senior Hurling Championship eleven times.

## History

The town was established in 1952 on the townland of Blackwood ("Coill Dubh" is an Irish translation), just off the R403 between Prosperous and Timahoe to accommodate workers on the Bord na Mona works supplying a peat fired power station in Allenwood. It replaced earlier temporary workers camps at Killinthomas, Mucklon and Timahoe, with 160 houses and four shops.

## Bibliography

* Timahoe Historical Society: *Historical Paths Revisited* with contributions by Owen Denneny, Liam Egan, Patience Pollard, Ted Creavin, Liam Holton, Paddy Byrne, Andy Flaherty, Aileen Saunders and John Clohessy.

## InfoBox

| Coill Dubh | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Coill DubhLocation in Ireland | |
| Coordinates: 53°17′32″N 6°49′03″W / 53.29236°N 6.81752°W / 53.29236; -6.81752 | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Province | Leinster |
| County | County Kildare |
| Population (2022) | 1,476 |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (WET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-1 (IST (WEST)) |


title: Coilin

abstract: Coilin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COIL gene. Coilin got its name from the coiled shape of the Cajal bodies in which it is found. It was first identified using human autoimmune serum.

text:
# Coilin

**Coilin** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *COIL* gene. Coilin got its name from the coiled shape of the Cajal bodies in which it is found. It was first identified using human autoimmune serum.

## Function

Coilin protein is one of the main molecular components of Cajal bodies. Cajal bodies are non-membrane bound nuclear bodies of varying number and composition that are involved in the post-transcriptional modification of small nuclear and small nucleolar RNAs. In addition to its structural role, coilin acts as glue to connect the CB to the nucleolus. The N-terminus of the coilin protein directs its self-oligomerization while the C-terminus influences the number of nuclear bodies assembled per cell. Differential methylation and phosphorylation of coilin likely influences its localization among nuclear bodies and the composition and assembly of Cajal bodies. This gene has pseudogenes on chromosome 4 and chromosome 14.

To study CBs, coilin can be combined with GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) to form Coilin-GFP hybrid protein. The hybrid protein can then be used to locate CBs underneath a microscope, usually near the nucleolus of the cell. Other proteins that make up the CB include snRNPs and nucleolar snoRNPs.

Coilin has been shown to interact with ataxin 1, nucleolar phosphoprotein p130, SMN, and SNRPB.

## Further reading

*This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.*

## InfoBox

| COIL | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | COIL, Coil, C79982, Cln80, p80, p80-coilin, coilin | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 600272; MGI: 104842; HomoloGene: 3413; GeneCards: COIL; OMA:COIL - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_004645   NM\_016706   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_004636   NP\_057915   Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 56.94 – 56.96 Mb Chr 11: 88.86 – 88.88 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Coca-Cola Citra

abstract: Coca-Cola Citra is a beverage made by The Coca-Cola Company. It is a lemon-lime-flavored variant of the standard Coca-Cola The design shows yellow and green stripes, and a pair of citrus fruits resembling a lemon and a lime.

text:
# Coca-Cola Citra

**Coca-Cola Citra** is a beverage made by The Coca-Cola Company. It is a lemon-lime-flavored variant of the standard Coca-Cola

The design shows yellow and green stripes, and a pair of citrus fruits resembling a lemon and a lime.

## Countries where Citra has been introduced

**Coca-Cola Citra** and **Coca-Cola Citra Light** were first introduced in Mexico as a limited edition in 2005, to trial the product.

The drink was soon given a limited edition run in New Zealand for the 2005-2006 summer season and another run from March-September 2007.

The drink was released in Japan on May 29, 2006, available in 1.5 litre, 500 ml, and 300 ml varieties. However, was discontinued the following year.

The Diet version of the drink was released in the United Kingdom as **Diet Coke with Citrus Zest** in 2007 replacing the standard Diet Coke with Lemon and Diet Coke with Lime variants.(originally intended to be an orange-flavored variant, i.e. Coca-Cola Light Sango) In May 2018, the drink was discontinued in favor of the introduction of the Diet Coke Exotic Mango variant in the UK.

In 2023, a Zero Sugar variant, named **Coca-Cola Zero Calories Lemon-Lime** was released in Jordan.

## InfoBox

Coca-Cola Citra
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Product type | Citrus flavored cola |
| Owner | The Coca-Cola Company |
| Country | U.S. |
| Introduced | 2005 (2005) |
| Discontinued | 2007 (2007) |
| Related brands | Diet Coke
Coca-Cola with Lemon
Coca-Cola with Lime |
| Markets | Mexico, New Zealand, Japan, United Kingdom (diet) |


title: Star Wars: Lethal Alliance

abstract: Star Wars: Lethal Alliance is an action adventure video game based on the Star Wars franchise. It takes place between the events of Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith and Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope. It was developed by Ubisoft Montreal and released by Ubisoft in December 2006 for the PlayStation Portable and Nintendo DS. Lethal Alliance received a mixed reception.

text:
# Star Wars: Lethal Alliance

***Star Wars: Lethal Alliance*** is an action adventure video game based on the *Star Wars* franchise. It takes place between the events of *Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith* and *Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope*. It was developed by Ubisoft Montreal and released by Ubisoft in December 2006 for the PlayStation Portable and Nintendo DS. *Lethal Alliance* received a mixed reception.

## Gameplay

*Star Wars: Lethal Alliance* is a third-person action game. It focuses on platforming and shooting mechanics rather than lightsabers and the Force. The player controls a female Twi'lek named Rianna and by extension her companion droid Zeeo. Rianna can perform several acrobatic moves as a means of traversal and defense while in combat. Zeeo enhances Rianna's moves, providing access to control panels, becoming a ride-able platform, and creating a shield to absorb enemy fire.

The two releases of the game, while following the same overarching gameplay design, have a number of differences. The DS version of the game makes heavy use of the touch screen for gameplay, while the PSP version utilizes the handheld's buttons. The PSP version lets the player utilize "stealth" features such as stealth attack moves, sneaking past enemies, wearing disguises, while the DS version has an exclusive weapon called the Dual Cannon. The Dual Cannon can only be used once the player has obtained "Maximum Alliance" between Rianna and Zeeo. Once the Dual Cannon is used, it greatly drops the character's alliance bar, and must be filled to use again.

Both versions utilize Wi-Fi and local area connections for multiplayer gaming. The Sony PSP version features Twi'lek (Rianna's species) vs. Twi'lek, while the Nintendo DS features droid versus droid.

## Plot

Having escaped from enslavement by Zarien Kheev, Twi'lek Rianna Saren is a mercenary opposing the Empire. Kyle Katarn of the Rebel Alliance hires her to destroy an Imperial shipment of mirkanite going through a Black Sun warehouse on Coruscant. Rianna is suddenly captured during this operation, but escapes with the help of a droid named Zeeo. Rebel leader Princess Leia later sends Rianna and Zeeo to Alderaan on a new mission to destroy an Imperial ship.

On Alderaan, Rianna and Zeeo make this way through an Imperial base, opposed by stormtroopers and Black Sun guards. Discovering that the Empire is experimenting on the scientists, they blow up both this ship and the lab. They also realize that a final shipment is heading to Mustafar, and Leia sends them after it. Rianna and Zeeo search an Imperial mining facility on Mustafar, eventually finding and destroying the drill. Rianna finds out that Kheev is going to Tatooine, and heads there herself.

Rianna's ship is shot down over Tatooine by Boba Fett in his *Slave I*. Rianna and Zeeo track down Kheev, who sets a Rancor loose on them in an arena. They kill it, but are captured and brought to Despayre where the Death Star is being constructed. Escaping, they hear Kheev talking to Darth Vader about the construction on the Death Star. Donning a huge robot suit, Zheev attacks Rianna. She kills him, and shows the Alliance that she and Zeeo have uncovered the Death Star.

## Development and marketing

The game was revealed in August 2006, as was the partnership between Ubisoft and Lucasfilm. It was announced for the Sony PlayStation Portable and the Nintendo DS. Bertrand Helias, Senior Producer on the game, noted that the team closely with LucasArts to define the game and the story. "They have been excellent collaborative partners, and have also given us the freedom to implement the game mechanics we wanted to develop." The developers split their focus based on the two platforms' advantages. For the PlayStation Portable they focused on higher definition graphics. On the Nintendo DS they focused on interesting ways to make use of the touch screen. David Lodge provides the voice for Kyle Katarn and Boba Fett. Fred Tatasciore voices Darth Vader, and Julianne Buescher provides the voice protagonist Rianna Saren.

*Star Wars: Lethal Alliance* was released initially on December 5, 2006 for the Sony Playstation Portable. The Nintendo DS version was released a week later on December 12, 2006.

## Reception

*Lethal Alliance* was met with a mixed reception. GameRankings and Metacritic gave it a score of 64.18% and 61 out of 100 for the PSP version, and 64.93% and 57 out of 100 for the DS version.

Reviewers for the PSP version of the game noted that it was unremarkable compared to similar games on the same platform. The critic from *GamePro* said there "are much better action games out on the PSP than this one, so pass it by unless you're obsessed with Star Wars." *GameZone*'s Angelina Sandoval noted that while the levels have variety and teamwork elements were fun *Lethal Alliance* is "ultimately \[...\] a portable action game that could have a lot better."

## InfoBox

| Star Wars: Lethal Alliance | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover art | |
| Developer(s) | Ubisoft Montreal |
| Publisher(s) | Ubisoft |
| Platform(s) |  |
| Release | **PlayStation Portable*** NA: December 5, 2006 * AU: December 7, 2006 * EU: December 8, 2006 **Nintendo DS**<br>* AU: December 7, 2006 * NA: December 12, 2006 * EU: December 15, 2006 |
| Genre(s) | Action-adventure game |
| Mode(s) | Single-player, multiplayer |


title: Star Wars: Legacy

abstract: Star Wars: Legacy is an American comic book series set in the Star Wars universe. The series, published by Dark Horse Comics, is written by John Ostrander and Jan Duursema, and illustrated by Duursema and others, with inks by Dan Parsons and color by Brad Anderson. Issue #0, which cost 25¢ and introduced the setting and major characters, was released on June 7, 2006. Set over 130 years after the fall of Emperor Palpatine and the Galactic Empire, Star Wars: Legacy follows Cade Skywalker, a descendant of Luke Skywalker, as he and several allies eventually bind together in an attempt to defeat Darth Krayt—the new Dark Lord of the Sith—and the reborn Galactic Empire.

text:
# Star Wars: Legacy

***Star Wars: Legacy*** is an American comic book series set in the *Star Wars* universe. The series, published by Dark Horse Comics, is written by John Ostrander and Jan Duursema, and illustrated by Duursema and others, with inks by Dan Parsons and color by Brad Anderson. Issue #0, which cost 25¢ and introduced the setting and major characters, was released on June 7, 2006.

Set over 130 years after the fall of Emperor Palpatine and the Galactic Empire, *Star Wars: Legacy* follows Cade Skywalker, a descendant of Luke Skywalker, as he and several allies eventually bind together in an attempt to defeat Darth Krayt—the new Dark Lord of the Sith—and the reborn Galactic Empire.

## Publication history

*Star Wars: Legacy* ran from June 2006 until issue #50, published in August 2010.

Dark Horse Comics finished the *Star Wars: Legacy* story with a six-issue limited series dealing with the return of Darth Krayt titled *Star Wars: Legacy War*.

## Plot synopsis

The story of *Star Wars: Legacy* starts 126 years after the film *Return of the Jedi*. The comics feature Cade Skywalker, a descendant of Luke Skywalker, who was trained as a Jedi, but abandoned the New Jedi Order following its defeat by the One Sith. He apprenticed himself to the pirate Rav and lives among bounty hunters, smugglers and pirates such as his best friends Jariah Syn and Deliah Blue. Cade, in an attempt to avoid detection and his destiny, also dropped his last name and Jedi heritage while being reluctantly guided by Luke, now a Force ghost. The series begins with an attack on the Jedi Temple and the overthrow of the Galactic Alliance and the Fel Empire by the Sith.

Along with Cade and his friends, various other characters appear who are set against the Sith; including deposed Emperor Roan Fel and his Imperial faction, the remnants of the Galactic Alliance under Admiral Gar Stazi, and the remaining Jedi. After a large and costly war with the Sith Empire, Cade and his allies manage to kill the evil Sith Emperor, Darth Krayt. However, even without their leader, the Sith remain a powerful danger.

## Issues

| Key: | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Collected (TPB) issue | Released issue | Future issue |

| Issue | Title | Publication date | Trade paperback | TPB pub date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 0 | *Star Wars Legacy 0* | June 7, 2006 |  |  |
|  | *Star Wars Legacy 0½* | January 2, 2008 |  |  |
| *Broken* | | | *Broken*
*Broken Hardcover*
*30th Anniversary Collection Volume 12: Legacy* | May 9, 2007 |
| 1 | *Broken, Part 1* | June 21, 2006 | | |
| 2 | *Broken, Part 2* | July 12, 2006 | | |
| 3 | *Broken, Part 3* | September 13, 2006 | | |
| 5 | *Broken, Part 4* | November 1, 2006 | | |
| 6 | *Broken, Part 5* | November 29, 2006 | | |
| 7 | *Broken, Part 6* | January 10, 2007 | | |
| 8 | *Allies* | February 14, 2007 | *Shards* | March 19, 2008 |
| 4 | *Noob* | October 11, 2006 | | |
| *Trust Issues* | | | | |
| 9 | *Trust Issues, Part 1* | March 7, 2007 | | |
| 10 | *Trust Issues, Part 2* | March 28, 2007 | | |
| 13 | *Ready to Die* | June 13, 2007 | | |
| *Ghosts* | | | | |
| 11 | *Ghosts, Part 1* | May 9, 2007 | | |
| 12 | *Ghosts, Part 2* | May 23, 2007 | | |
| *Claws of the Dragon* | | | *Claws of the Dragon* | June 25, 2008 |
| 14 | *Claws of the Dragon, Part 1* | July 11, 2007 | | |
| 15 | *Claws of the Dragon, Part 2* | August 8, 2007 | | |
| 16 | *Claws of the Dragon, Part 3* | September 12, 2007 | | |
| 17 | *Claws of the Dragon, Part 4* | October 31, 2007 | | |
| 18 | *Claws of the Dragon, Part 5* | January 2, 2008 | | |
| 19 | *Claws of the Dragon, Part 6* | February 6, 2008 | | |
| *Indomitable* | | | *Alliance* | December 24, 2008 |
| 20 | *Indomitable, Part 1* | February 27, 2008 | | |
| 21 | *Indomitable, Part 2* | March 12, 2008 | | |
| 22 | *The Wrath of the Dragon* | April 23, 2008 | | |
| 27 | *Into the Core* | August 27, 2008 | | |
| *Loyalties* | | | *The Hidden Temple* | February 25, 2009 |
| 23 | *Loyalties, Part 1* | May 7, 2008 | | |
| 24 | *Loyalties, Part 2* | May 21, 2008 | | |
| *The Hidden Temple* | | | | |
| 25 | *The Hidden Temple, Part 1* | June 18, 2008 | | |
| 26 | *The Hidden Temple, Part 2* | July 23, 2008 | | |
| *Vector* | | | *Vector, Vol. 2* | May 20, 2009 |
| 28 | *Vector, Part 9* | September 24, 2008 | | |
| 29 | *Vector, Part 10* | October 29, 2008 | | |
| 30 | *Vector, Part 11* | November 26, 2008 | | |
| 31 | *Vector, Part 12* | December 24, 2008 | | |
| *Fight Another Day* | | | *Storms* | November 25, 2009 |
| 32 | *Fight Another Day, Part 1* | January 28, 2009 | | |
| 33 | *Fight Another Day, Part 2* | February 25, 2009 | | |
| *Storms* | | | | |
| 34 | *Storms, Part 1* | March 25, 2009 | | |
| 35 | *Storms, Part 2* | April 29, 2009 | | |
| 36 | *Renegade* | May 27, 2009 | | |
| *Tatooine* | | | *Tatooine* | February 10, 2010 |
| 37 | *Tatooine, Part 1* | June 24, 2009 | | |
| 38 | *Tatooine, Part 2* | July 29, 2009 | | |
| 39 | *Tatooine, Part 3* | August 26, 2009 | | |
| 40 | *Tatooine, Part 4* | September 30, 2009 | | |
| 41 | *Rogue's End* | October 28, 2009 | | |
| 42 | *Divided Loyalties* | November 25, 2009 | *Monster* | July 21, 2010 |
| *Monster* | | | | |
| 43 | *Monster, Part 1* | December 23, 2009 | | |
| 44 | *Monster, Part 2* | January 27, 2010 | | |
| 45 | *Monster, Part 3* | February 24, 2010 | | |
| 46 | *Monster, Part 4* | March 31, 2010 | | |
| *Extremes* | | | *Extremes* | January 5, 2011 |
| 47 | *The Fate of Dac* | April 28, 2010 | | |
| 48 | *Extremes, Part 1* | May 26, 2010 | | |
| 49 | *Extremes, Part 2* | June 30, 2010 | | |
| 50 | *Extremes, Part 3* | August 12, 2010 | | |

## Collected editions

The series was collected into trade paperbacks:

## Continuation

A second volume to the series, which shares the same name as the original, was announced in 2012. Written by Corinna Bechko and Gabriel Hardman, penciled by Hardman, colored by Rachelle Rosenberg, and published by Dark Horse Comics, it will star Ania Solo, a descendant of Han and Leia Organa Solo. The first issue was planned to be released in March 2013, and continue as a monthly, ongoing series. The series ran for 18 issues, from March 20, 2013, to August 27, 2014.

### Plot summary

The second iteration of *Star Wars: Legacy* stars Ania Solo, a descendant of Han and Leia. It takes place in the aftermath of *Star Wars: Legacy – War*, a comic miniseries which was set in the year 138 ABY. As the series begins, Solo is running a junkyard on a backwater Outer Rim planet and living a life far removed from Emperors and royalty. However, the first issue sees her come into possession of a lightsaber and an Imperial communications droid; she discovers that she has been targeted for death, and is launched into an adventure unlike any she has seen before. The backwater world serves as a microcosm for greater galactic affairs, and the story expands outward, showing the reader what is happening in the highest levels of galactic government.

The first issue opened with a "giant lightsaber duel," and it additionally features the Imperial Knight, Yalta Valan agent of the Galactic Federation Triumviraterunning into trouble in the Outer Rim. The Mon Calamari refugee Sauk, a friend of Solo's who works at an ice mining facility and gets pulled into the adventure by Solo. In the second issue, Solo is pursued both by local police and by an Imperial Knight determined to kill in order to get the lightsaber back. She is aided by formidable friends she has made as a black market salvage dealer. The series also features Sith, and the Princess Marasiah Fel of the previous *Star Wars: Legacy*. It may eventually include an appearance by Cade, the earlier protagonist.

### Development

In August 2010, the fiftieth and final issue of the comic series *Star Wars: Legacy* was published by Dark Horse Comics. The six-issue miniseries *Star Wars: Legacy – War* followed; published from December 2010 to May 2011, it allowed authors John Ostrander and Jan Duursema an opportunity to wrap up the story. On December 3, 2012, Comic Book Resources announced that a new incarnation of *Legacy* was coming in 2013, written by Corinna Bechko and Gabriel Hardman, and additionally penciled by Hardman. Dark Horse's Vice President of Publishing Randy Stradley soon after indicated that the project had been in the works for a number of months.

Bechko and Hardman indicated via their Twitter feeds how excited they were to be working on the project. They have both been *Star Wars* fans since the release of the original *Star Wars* film in 1977, which they cited as a major influence. Dark Horse letterer Michael Heisler praised their work and asserted that they "know what they're doing." Hardman stated that he and Bechko will be "honoring and building on" the work done by Ostrander and Duursema in the original *Legacy*, but that the series will be accessible to fans unfamiliar with Ostrander and Duursema's work.

The idea of a female protagonist did not originate with Hardman and Bechko, but after it was pitched to them, it played a significant role in drawing them to the project. Bechko has described Ania Solo as a character who "doesn't take a lot of guff," but who is nevertheless not a traditional badass female. Hardman asserts that she has the potential to be "an inspiring but very down-to-Earth human sort of character, as well." Rather than write a genealogy textbook, the two aim to tell a big adventure story that will eventually answer fans' questions about Solo's lineage.

Rachelle Rosenberg was the colorist and Dave Wilkins was the cover artist. The first issue, *Prisoner of the Floating World, Part 1*, was scheduled for release on March 20, 2013, to continue as a monthly, ongoing series, with the second issue to be released on April 24. Neither Bechko nor Hardman were worried about the implications the release of *Star Wars: The Force Awakens* would have on the Expanded Universe. Their goal was to tell an exciting story that would work "no matter what", and they were reassured by the likelihood of the film taking place decades before *Legacy*.

## Legacy

George Lucas featured Darth Talon in his unused treatments of the *Star Wars* sequel trilogy created for Disney. She was to have been the apprentice of Darth Maul, the two serving as the trilogy's primary two villains. According to Lucas, "She was the new Darth Vader and most of the action was with her." In early versions, she would have corrupted the character who became Kylo Ren, and in later versions they were combined into the same character.

## InfoBox

| *Star Wars: Legacy* | |
| --- | --- |
| Issue #4 | |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | Dark Horse Comics |
| Format | Ongoing series |
| Publication date | June 2006 – August 2010 |
| No. of issues | 50 |
| Creative team | |
| Written by | John Ostrander
Jan Duursema |
| Penciller(s) | Jan Duursema |
| Inker(s) | Dan Parsons |
| Letterer(s) | Michael David Thomas |
| Colorist(s) | Brad Anderson |
| Collected editions | |
| *Broken* | ISBN 1-59307-716-5 |


title: Stanka Georgieva

abstract: Stanka Georgieva is a Bulgarian rowing coxswain. She competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Stanka Georgieva

**Stanka Georgieva** (born 24 November 1950) is a Bulgarian rowing coxswain. She competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Stanka Georgieva
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Bulgarian |
| Born | (1950-11-24) 24 November 1950 |
| Height | 154 cm (5 ft 1 in) |
| Weight | 45 kg (99 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Rowing |
| Medal record      Women's rowing  Representing  Bulgaria  World Rowing Championships  1977 Amsterdam  Coxed quad sculls | |


title: Staro Lanište

abstract: Staro Lanište is a village in the municipality of Jagodina, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 560 people.

text:
# Staro Lanište

**Staro Lanište**  is a village in the municipality of Jagodina, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 560 people.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Staro Lanište | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Staro LaništeLocation in Serbia | |
| Coordinates: 44°02′02″N 021°15′12″E / 44.03389°N 21.25333°E / 44.03389; 21.25333 | |
| Country | Serbia |
| District | Pomoravlje District |
| Municipality | Jagodina |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 560 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Stasiak

abstract:
Stasiak is a Polish surname of patronymic origin. It is derived from the personal name "Stasio", a pet form of the name "Stanisław", and the suffix "-ak", denoting "descendant of". So, the surname Stasiak signifies "son or descendant of Stasio (Stanisław)". Notable people with this surname include:
  - Jurek Stasiak, Polish-Australian tennis player
  - Ludwik Stasiak, Polish painter, writer and publisher
  - Karolina Stasiak, Polish official and diplomat
  - Małgorzata Stasiak, Polish handball player
  - Michał Stasiak, Polish football player
  - Shawn Stasiak, Canadian chiropractor and semi-retired professional wrestler
  - Stan Stasiak, former Canadian professional wrestler, father of professional wrestler Shawn Stasiak
  - Władysław Stasiak, Polish politician

text:
# Stasiak

**Stasiak** is a Polish surname of patronymic origin. It is derived from the personal name "Stasio", a pet form of the name "Stanisław", and the suffix "-ak", denoting "descendant of". So, the surname Stasiak signifies "son or descendant of Stasio (Stanisław)".

Notable people with this surname include:

## InfoBox

Stasiak
| Origin | |
| --- | --- |
| Word/name | Poland |
| Meaning | Derived from the personal name "Stasio" |


title: Stasija Rage

abstract: Stasija Rage is a Latvian former competitive figure skater. She was born in Riga, and was the 2008 Latvian national champion. She started skating at age four.

text:
# Stasija Rage

**Stasija Rage** (born 9 May 1991) is a Latvian former competitive figure skater. She was born in Riga, and was the 2008 Latvian national champion. She started skating at age four.

## Programs

| Season | Short program | Free skating |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2009–10
 | * Argentina Caso |  |
| 2007–08
 | * Séance Rondo | * Music
by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky |

## Competitive highlights

*JGP: Junior Grand Prix*

| International | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Event | 03–04 | 04–05 | 05–06 | 06–07 | 07–08 | 08–09 | 09–10 | 10–11 |
| Worlds |  |  |  |  | 48th |  |  |  |
| Europeans |  |  |  |  | 35th |  |  |  |
| Nebelhorn |  |  |  |  | 23rd |  |  |  |
| International: Junior | | | | | | | | |
| Junior Worlds |  |  |  | 46th |  |  |  |  |
| JGP Bulgaria |  |  |  |  | 23rd |  |  |  |
| JGP France |  |  |  | 16th |  | 32nd |  |  |
| JGP Norway |  |  |  | 25th |  |  |  |  |
| JGP Slovakia |  |  | 26th |  |  |  |  |  |
| JGP U.K. |  |  |  |  | 19th |  |  |  |
| EYOF |  |  |  | 16th |  |  |  |  |
| National | | | | | | | | |
| Latvian Champ. | 5th | 5th | 3rd | 3rd | 1st |  |  | 2nd |

Media related to Stasija Rage at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Stasija Rage | |
| --- | --- |
| Rage in 2007. | |
| Other names | Stasia Rage |
| Born | (1991-05-09) 9 May 1991
Riga, Latvia |
| Height | 1.62 m (5 ft 4 in) |
| Figure skating career | |
| Country | Latvia |
| Coach | Marika Nugumanova |
| Skating club | FSC MDK |
| Began skating | 1995 |


title: Cluny Brown (novel)

abstract: Cluny Brown is a humorous coming of age novel by Margery Sharp, published in August 1944 by Collins in the UK and Little Brown in the US.

text:
# Cluny Brown (novel)

***Cluny Brown*** is a humorous coming of age novel by Margery Sharp, published in August 1944 by Collins in the UK and Little Brown in the US.

## Plot summary

The story follows the escapades of a plumber's niece, Cluny Brown, who is twenty years old in England in 1938. Cluny has high spirits and a constant desire for expansion of experience that leads the more staid members of her community to question whether she knows her place. As a consequence of one final London based excursion of discovery outside the bounds of what Cluny's mentors consider proper, she is sent off into good service at a charming country residence known as Friars Carmel to be a Tall Parlour Maid. The coincidental simultaneous arrivals of the young son and heir of the house, a mysterious Polish professor, and a beautiful socialite add complexity to this adventurous tale of a young woman following her dreams and finding her personal freedom in the tumultuous early 20th century.

## Characters

* Clover 'Cluny' Brown, fearless adventurer and Tall Parlour Maid
* Andrew Frewen, heir to Friars Carmel
* Lady Alice Carmel, mistress of Friars Carmel
* Sir Henry Carmel, baronet of Friars Carmel
* Mr. Wilson, the neighborhood chemist
* Adam Belinski, distinguished Pole of letters
* Elizabeth 'Betty' Cream, London socialite
* Hilda Brewer, house maid
* Mr. Porritt, Cluny's plumber uncle
* Syrette, valet

## Adaptations

### Films

The story was adapted into a 1946 film made by Twentieth Century-Fox, directed and produced by Ernst Lubitsch.

### Comic strip

In 1945 Wallace Morgan created a newspaper comic adaptation of *Cluny Brown*.

## Book reviews

## InfoBox

Cluny Brown
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Margery Sharp |
| Published | August 1944
Collins (UK)
Little Brown (US) |
| Pages | 270 |


title: Cochlostyla smaragdina

abstract: Cochlostyla smaragdina is a species of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks, in the family Camaenidae endemic to the Philippines. The specific name "smaragdina" comes from "smaragdus," Latin for "emerald," and refers to the brilliant green of mature specimens. This name is commonly misspelled as "smargadina," an error which has propagated through multiple databases.

text:
# Cochlostyla smaragdina

***Cochlostyla smaragdina*** is a species of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks, in the family Camaenidae endemic to the Philippines. The specific name "smaragdina" comes from "smaragdus," Latin for "emerald," and refers to the brilliant green of mature specimens. This name is commonly misspelled as "smargadina," an error which has propagated through multiple databases.

## InfoBox

| *Cochlostyla smaragdina* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Camaenidae |
| Genus: | *Cochlostyla* |
| Species: | ***C. smaragdina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cochlostyla smaragdina***
(Reeve, 1842) | |
|