title: Srihadi Soedarsono

abstract: Kanjeng Raden Haryo Tumenggung H. Srihadi Soedarsono Adhikoesoemo was an Indonesian painter and tenured lecturer. He married Farida Srihadi, who is also an accomplished painter that studied at the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), as well as abroad in the Netherlands and England.

text:
# Srihadi Soedarsono

**Kanjeng Raden Haryo Tumenggung H. Srihadi Soedarsono Adhikoesoemo** (4 December 1931 – 26 February 2022) was an Indonesian painter and tenured lecturer. He married Farida Srihadi, who is also an accomplished painter that studied at the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), as well as abroad in the Netherlands and England.

## Life and career

Soedarsono was appointed a member of the Student Army from 1945 to 1948 as a painter journalist who created posters for the Information Center Division IV BKR/TKR/TNI in Solo. His military career ended in 1948 when he was rationalized with the rank of sergeant major and returned to school at SMA II Surakarta.

Between 1947 and 1952, Soedarsono joined the Young Indonesian Artists in Solo and Yogyakarta. He also was an active member in the formation of the Surakarta Cultural Association in Solo since its inception in 1950. Srihadi actively participated in art exhibitions in Solo and Yogyakarta.

In 1952 he began to enter art education at the Painters Education Center, Faculty of Engineering at the University of Indonesia Bandung (now the Faculty of Fine Arts, Bandung Institute of Technology), with the Dutch cubist painter Ries Mulder as his teacher. In 1955, he created the Fine Arts Student Family (KMSR) logo for the Faculty. The logo is in the form of a palette with the words "ART RUPA BANDUNG" with the symbol of the University of Indonesia.

He graduated as a fine arts graduate and graduated on Saturday, 28 February 1959, just two days before the Bandung Institute of Technology was inaugurated (Monday, 2 March 1959). In 1960 Srihadi received a scholarship from ICA to study in the US to continue his studies at Ohio State University until he received his master of art degree in 1962. Despite all his international travels, Srihadi painted often traditional Javanese cultural topics, including dancer and the Borobudur temple, as well as landscapes. Even so, he painted abstract, he represents traditional, rather than the Westernized painting styles of several of his colleagues.

Soedarsono was married to Dra Siti Farida Nawawi. They had two daughters and one son, named Tara Farina, MSc, Rati Farini, SH, LLM, and Tri Krisnamurti Syailendra.

On 1 May 1969, he was appointed a civil servant. His appointment was on 1 December 1992 as a professor of Fine Arts, from which he retired on January 1, 2007.

Apart from being a painter, he also taught as a lecturer at the Bandung Institute of Technology and the Jakarta Art Institute.

He died on 26 February 2022, at the age of 90.

## Works

Srihadi Soedarsono's work has a long and continuous process. Early work was strongly influenced by educational outcomes, namely synthetic geometry. In the 1960s, he began to experiment with abstract forms through paper cut patches and color spontaneity. Entering the 1970s, he tended to be impressionist through watercolor and expressionist through oil paint and often included symbolic elements in his paintings.

Finally, his work appears in a simplified form with a strong horizon line, as well as paintings of poetic figures inspired by Zen teachings.

The works of Srihadi are shown in numerous public collections:

* National Museum of Indonesia, Jakarta
* National Gallery of Indonesia, with a Solo exhibition in 2020
* State Palace Collection, Jakarta, Indonesia
* The United Nations, New York, USA
* Museum of Modern art, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
* Asia and Pacific Museum, Warsaw, Poland
* Ohio State University, OH, USA
* Fordham University, New York, USA
* Neka Museum, Bali, Indonesia

## Awards

As a dedicated and senior painter, Srihadi received many awards, including:

* National Award for Contemporary Art from the Government of the Republic of Indonesia, 1971
* Cultural Award from the Australian Government, 1973
* The Netherlands Governmental Cultural Grant, 1977
* The best prize at the Biennale Jakarta III Indonesian Painting, 1978
* Fulbright Grant from the United States Government, 1979
* Seoul International Art Competitor's Award
* Satalyana Kearya Satya Award for Cultural Achievements of the Republic of Indonesia, 1989 and 1996
* The Japan Foundation Cultural Grant, 1990

## Bibliography

### Literature

* Jean Couteau. "Srihadi Soedarsono: The Path of the Soul" Lontar Foundation (2003, Jakarta, Indonesia), 208 Pages. ISBN 978-9798083471
* Suwarno Wisetrotomo and Farida Srihadi, "Srihadi: Poetry Without Words: A Collection of Paintings by Srihadi Soedarsono" (2003), ISBN 979-95312-6-8
* Farida Srihadi, Rikrik Kusmara and Srihadi Soedarsono. "SRIHADI SOEDARSONO: 70 Year Journey of Roso" (2016), 320 Pages, English and Bahasa Indonesia. ISBN 978-9799109941
* Jean Couteau and Farida Srihadi: "Srihadi Soedarsono – Man x Universe". English and Bahasa Indonesia (2020, Afterhours Books). ISBN 9786026990532

### Internet

## InfoBox

| Srihadi Soedarsono | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1931-04-12)12 April 1931<br>Surakarta, Dutch East Indies |
| Died | 26 February 2022(2022-02-26) (aged 90) |
| Alma mater | * Seni Rupa ITB (1964) * Rochester Institute of Technology, NY, US (1969) |
| Occupation(s) | Painter, Lecturer |
| Known for | Paintings of Indonesian Cultural Life |
| Spouse | Farida Srihadi |
| Children | 3 |


title: Eduard Kõppo

abstract: Eduard Kõppo was an Estonian sports figure. He was born in Paide. In 1918 he won Estonian Figure Skating Championships in men's singles. He won championships also in bandy, relay swimming and rowing. In 1940s he was acting chairman of Estonian Sports Association Kalev, and in 1944 its chairman. He participated on Estonian War of Independence, belonging to military unit called Kalevlaste Maleva.

text:
# Eduard Kõppo

**Eduard Kõppo** (also **Kepp**; 30 May 1894 – 6 November 1966) was an Estonian sports figure.

He was born in Paide.

In 1918 he won Estonian Figure Skating Championships in men's singles. He won championships also in bandy, relay swimming and rowing.

In 1940s he was acting chairman of Estonian Sports Association Kalev, and in 1944 its chairman.

He participated on Estonian War of Independence, belonging to military unit called Kalevlaste Maleva.

## Awards

## InfoBox

Eduard Kõppo
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1894-05-30)May 30, 1894
Paide, Soviet Union |
| Died | November 6, 1966(1966-11-06) (aged 72) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Figure skating
Bandy
Swimming
Rowing |


title: San Juan Ostuncalco

abstract: San Juan Ostuncalco, is a town, with a population of 20,763, and a municipality in the Quetzaltenango department of Guatemala. Beside Spanish, local people speak the Mam language.

text:
# San Juan Ostuncalco

**San Juan Ostuncalco**, is a town, with a population of 20,763 (2018 census), and a municipality in the Quetzaltenango department of Guatemala. Beside Spanish, local people speak the Mam language.

## Mercedarian doctrine

After the Spanish conquest of Guatemala in the 1520s, the "Presentación de Guatemala" Mercedarian province was formed in 1565; originally, the order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy (the Mercedarians) had received from bishop Francisco Marroquín several doctrines in the Sacatepéquez and Chimaltenango valleys, close to the capital Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala, but they traded those with the Order of Preachers friars in exchange for the doctrines those had in the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes area. During the first part of the 17th century they also had doctrine in four towns close to the city of Santiago, which eventually became city neighborhoods: Espíritu Santo, Santiago, San Jerónimo and San Anton — which was the capital of the Mercedarians, where they had their convent and where their comendador lived.

According to bishop Juan de las Cabezas's memoir in 1613 and the bishop Pedro Cortés y Larraz parish visit minutes from 1770, the Mercedarians came to have nine doctrines, and numerous annexes, which were: Santa Ana de Malacatán, Concepción de Huehuetenango, San Pedro de Solomá, Nuestra Señora de la Purificación de Jacaltenango, Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de Chiantla, San Andrés de Cuilco, Santiago de Tejutla, San Pedro de Sacatepéquez, and San Juan de Ostuncalco.

However, in 1754, due to the Bourbon reforms implemented by the Spanish kings, the Mercedarians - and the rest of the regular clergy for that matter - had to transfer their doctrines to the secular clergy, thus losing their San Juan Ostuncalco doctrine.

The 1765 Guatemala earthquake had its epicenter near Ostuncalco.

## Traditions

The "Baile del Torito" is a local dance from San Juan Ostuncalco.

## Climate

San Juan Ostuncalco municipal capital has temperate climate (Köppen: *Cwb*).

| Climate data for San Juan Ostuncalco | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 17.0
(62.6) | 17.6
(63.7) | 19.2
(66.6) | 20.3
(68.5) | 19.8
(67.6) | 19.0
(66.2) | 18.8
(65.8) | 19.2
(66.6) | 18.6
(65.5) | 17.9
(64.2) | 18.0
(64.4) | 17.3
(63.1) | 18.6
(65.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 9.5
(49.1) | 10.1
(50.2) | 11.6
(52.9) | 13.3
(55.9) | 14.2
(57.6) | 14.2
(57.6) | 13.9
(57.0) | 13.6
(56.5) | 13.7
(56.7) | 12.9
(55.2) | 11.7
(53.1) | 10.5
(50.9) | 12.4
(54.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.1
(35.8) | 2.6
(36.7) | 4.0
(39.2) | 6.3
(43.3) | 8.7
(47.7) | 9.4
(48.9) | 9.0
(48.2) | 8.1
(46.6) | 8.9
(48.0) | 8.0
(46.4) | 5.4
(41.7) | 3.8
(38.8) | 6.4
(43.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 4
(0.2) | 5
(0.2) | 14
(0.6) | 48
(1.9) | 180
(7.1) | 243
(9.6) | 184
(7.2) | 194
(7.6) | 265
(10.4) | 165
(6.5) | 22
(0.9) | 7
(0.3) | 1,331
(52.5) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Geographic location

Ostuncalco municipality is surrounded by Quetzaltenango Department municipalities, except on the West, where it borders San Marcos Department:

## Notes and references

### References

### Bibliography

14°52′N 91°37′W / 14.867°N 91.617°W / 14.867; -91.617

## InfoBox

| Ostuncalco San Juan Ostuncalco | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality and town | |
| Entering on Rt.1 from the N | |
|  | |
| Ostuncalco | |
| Coordinates: 14°52′N 91°37′W / 14.867°N 91.617°W / 14.867; -91.617 | |
| Country | Guatemala |
| Department | Quetzaltenango |
| Area | |
| Total | 115 km2 (44 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 2,502 m (8,209 ft) |
| Population (2018 census) | |
| Total | 51,828 |
| Density | 450/km2 (1,200/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+6 (Central Time) |
| Climate | Cwb |


title: Byłyczek

abstract: Byłyczek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Śliwice, within Tuchola County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Śliwice, 28 km (17 mi) north-east of Tuchola, and 71 km (44 mi) north of Bydgoszcz.

text:
# Byłyczek

**Byłyczek** \[bɨˈwɨt͡ʂɛk\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Śliwice, within Tuchola County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Śliwice, 28 km (17 mi) north-east of Tuchola, and 71 km (44 mi) north of Bydgoszcz.

## InfoBox

| Byłyczek | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Byłyczek | |
| Coordinates: 53°44′21″N 18°11′37″E / 53.73917°N 18.19361°E / 53.73917; 18.19361 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Tuchola |
| Gmina | Śliwice |
| Population | 50 |


title: Byādhi (Buddhism)

abstract: Byādhi is a Buddhist term that is commonly translated as sickness, illness, disease, etc., and is identified as an aspect of dukkha (suffering) within the teachings on the Four Noble Truths.

text:
# Byādhi (Buddhism)

**Byādhi** (Pali; Sanskrit: *vyādhi*) is a Buddhist term that is commonly translated as sickness, illness, disease, etc., and is identified as an aspect of *dukkha* (suffering) within the teachings on the Four Noble Truths.

## Within the Four Noble Truths

Within the teachings on the Four Noble Truths, *byādhi* is identified as an aspect of *dukkha* (suffering). For example, *The Discourse That Sets Turning the Wheel of Truth* states:

1. Now this, bhikkhus, is the noble truth of suffering \[dukkha\]: birth is suffering, aging is suffering, **illness (*byādhi*)** is suffering, death is suffering; union with what is displeasing is suffering; separation from what is pleasing is suffering; not to get what one wants is suffering; in brief, the five aggregates subject to clinging are suffering.

*Byādhi* can refer to physical or psychological sickness. Chogyam Trunpa explains the suffering (*dukkha*) of sickness as follows:

When you are sick, you feel physically dejected by life, with all sorts of complaints, aches, and pains. When you get attacked by sickness, you begin to feel the loss of the beautiful wings and nice feathers you used to have. Everything is disheveled. You can't even smile or laugh at your own jokes. You are completely demoralized and under attack.

## Web references

1. Byadhi - definition
2. Setting in Motion the Wheel of the Dhamma

## Sources

* Ajahn Sumedho (2002), *The Four Noble Truths*, Amaravati Publications
* Ajahn Sucitto (2010), *Turning the Wheel of Truth: Commentary on the Buddha's First Teaching*, Shambhala
* Bhikkhu, Thanissaro (1997), *Tittha Sutta: Sectarians*, AN 3.61, retrieved 12 November 2007
* Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2000), *The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A New Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya*, Boston: Wisdom Publications, ISBN 0-86171-331-1
* Gethin, Rupert (1998), *Foundations of Buddhism*, Oxford University Press
* Moffitt, Phillip (2008), *Dancing with Life: Buddhist Insights for Finding Meaning and Joy in the Face of Suffering*, Rodale, Kindle Edition
* Nhat Hanh, Thich (1999), *The Heart of the Buddha's Teaching*, Three River Press
* Rahula, Walpola (2007), *What the Buddha Taught*, Grove Press, Kindle Edition
* Trungpa, Chogyam (2009), *The Truth of Suffering and the Path of Liberation (edited by Judy Leif)*, Shambhala
* Tulku, Ringu (2005), *Daring Steps Toward Fearlessness: The Three Vehicles of Tibetan Buddhism*, Snow Lion

## InfoBox

| Translations of
*byādhi* | |
| --- | --- |
| English | illness |
| Sanskrit | *vyādhi* |
| Pali | *byādhi* |
| Khmer | ព្យាធិ
(Pyear thik) |
| Glossary of Buddhism | |


title: Salzhemmendorf

abstract: Salzhemmendorf is a village and a municipality in the Hamelin-Pyrmont district, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 20 km east of Hamelin and 31 km west of Hildesheim and is located on the route 1. It is a nationally recognized health resort with a therapeutic brine thermal bath "Ith-Sole-Therme". Salzhemmendorf consists of Salzhemmendorf proper, as well as Ahrenfeld, Benstorf, Hemmendorf, Lauenstein, Levedagsen, Ockensen, Oldendorf, Osterwald, Thüste and Wallensen.

text:
# Salzhemmendorf

**Salzhemmendorf** is a village and a municipality in the Hamelin-Pyrmont district, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 20 km east of Hamelin and 31 km west of Hildesheim and is located on the route . It is a nationally recognized health resort with a therapeutic brine thermal bath "Ith-Sole-Therme".

Salzhemmendorf consists of Salzhemmendorf proper, as well as Ahrenfeld, Benstorf, Hemmendorf, Lauenstein, Levedagsen, Ockensen, Oldendorf, Osterwald, Thüste and Wallensen.

## Main sights

* Weserbergland
* The "Water tree" in Ockensen, a worldwide attraction
* The nearby located holiday park Rastiland

## InfoBox

| Salzhemmendorf | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location of Salzhemmendorf within Hameln-Pyrmont district | |
| Salzhemmendorf Salzhemmendorf | |
| Coordinates: 52°4′N 9°35′E / 52.067°N 9.583°E / 52.067; 9.583 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Lower Saxony |
| District | Hameln-Pyrmont |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202126) | Clemens Pommerening |
| Area | |
| Total | 94.39 km2 (36.44 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 263 m (863 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 9,378 |
| Density | 99/km2 (260/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 31020 |
| Dialling codes | 05186 for Thüste and Wallensen, 05153 for the other villages |
| Vehicle registration | HM |
| Website | www.salzhemmendorf.de/ |


title: Salzlandkreis

abstract: Salzland is a district in the middle of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Its area is 1,428.1 km⁲ (551.4 sq mi). It is bounded by the districts Harz, Börde, Magdeburg, Jerichower Land, Anhalt-Bitterfeld, Mansfeld-Südharz and Saalekreis.

text:
# Salzlandkreis

**Salzland** is a district in the middle of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Its area is 1,428.1 km2 (551.4 sq mi). It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts Harz, Börde, Magdeburg, Jerichower Land, Anhalt-Bitterfeld, Mansfeld-Südharz and Saalekreis.

## History

The district was established by merging the former districts of Bernburg, Schönebeck and Aschersleben-Staßfurt (except the town Falkenstein) as part of the reform of 2007.

## Towns and municipalities

The district Salzlandkreis consists of the following subdivisions:

| Free towns | Free municipalities |
| --- | --- |
| 1. Aschersleben 2. Barby 3. Bernburg 4. Calbe 5. Hecklingen 6. Könnern 7. Nienburg 8. Schönebeck 9. Seeland 10. Staßfurt | 1. Bördeland |

| Verbandsgemeinden | |
| --- | --- |
| 1. Bördeaue 2. Börde-Hakel 3. Borne 4. Egeln1, 2 5. Wolmirsleben | 1. Alsleben2 2. Giersleben 3. Güsten1, 2 4. Ilberstedt 5. Plötzkau |
| 1seat of the Verbandsgemeinde; 2town | |

51°50′N 11°35′E / 51.833°N 11.583°E / 51.833; 11.583

## InfoBox

| Salzland | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Saxony-Anhalt |
| Capital | Bernburg |
| Government | |
| District admin. | Markus Bauer (SPD) |
| Area | |
| Total | 1,428.1 km2 (551.4 sq mi) |
| Population (31 December 2022) | |
| Total | 186,420 |
| Density | 130/km2 (340/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Vehicle registration | SLK, ASL, BBG, SBK, SFT |
| Website | www.kreis-slk.de |


title: Buster (spaniel)

abstract: Buster, an English Springer Spaniel, was a military detection dog who was active during the Iraq War. Because of his actions in discovering a hidden weapons cache, the dog was credited with saving service personnel from insurgents operating in the southern Iraqi town of Safwan. He was awarded the Dickin Medal, referred to as being the animals' Victoria Cross.

text:
# Buster (spaniel)

**Buster** (2002 – 2015), an English Springer Spaniel, was a military detection dog who was active during the Iraq War. Because of his actions in discovering a hidden weapons cache, the dog was credited with saving service personnel from insurgents operating in the southern Iraqi town of Safwan. He was awarded the Dickin Medal, referred to as being the animals' Victoria Cross.

## Military career

Buster worked with his handler, Sergeant Danny Morgan, since 2002, and they worked together at the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II celebrations and at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester.

Buster was considered to be so valuable to the military that he had his own protective gear in case of a chemical or biological attack. He was trained to enter a sealed pen if a warning sound started. The pen was equipped with a motor that pumped air through a gas mask filter.

## Off duty

When not serving with the military, Buster lived at home with his handler Danny Morgan, his wife and his daughter Emma. Morgan remarked of the connection between the dog and Emma, "She was upset when I went off to war but wept buckets when she was saying goodbye to Buster. She's been sending him more treats than me since we arrived".

## Dickin medal

Buster and his handler were assigned to the Duke of Wellington's Regiment in the southern Iraqi town of Safwan in early 2003, when British troops were experiencing random rocket attacks. Following three failed searches of a property suspected to be the headquarters of an extremist group, Buster was called in. The spaniel found a concealed cache of weapons which were hidden in a wall cavity, covered with a sheet of tin and then had a wardrobe pushing in front of it. Items in the cache included an AK-47, grenades and bomb making equipment. Buster was awarded a Dickin Medal for his efforts, referred to as being the Victoria Cross for animals. He became the 60th animal to be awarded the medal since its introduction in 1943.

At the time of the action for which he was awarded a Dickin Medal, Buster was the only arms and explosives search dog working in Iraq. He was awarded his Medal at the Crufts dog show in Birmingham, England, in March 2005. His Dickin Medal citation reads, "In March 2003... in Iraq... Arms and explosives search dog, Buster, located an arsenal of weapons and explosives hidden behind a false wall in a property linked with an extremist group." He "is considered responsible for saving the lives of service personnel and civilians. Following the find, all attacks ceased and shortly afterwards troops replaced their steel helmets with berets."

The Dickin Medal is often referred to as the animal metaphorical equivalent of the Victoria Cross.

## Post Iraq service and death

By 2007 Buster was with the RAF at Rosyth. He was selected for service in Afghanistan. Buster retired but remained the RAF Police mascot and his handler Flight Sergeant Barrow wrote a book - *Buster: The Dog Who Saved A Thousand Lives*. In 2015, the Royal Air Force announced Buster's death.


abstract: Business communications operations management (BCOM) is a category of management products that automate the configuration and operations of modern enterprise communications solutions.

text:
# Business communications operations management

**Business communications operations management** (BCOM) is a category of management products that automate the configuration and operations of modern enterprise communications solutions.

## History

The category BCOM was identified by UC Strategies in March 2015, to define a specific capability for the operation of advanced Business Communications and Unified Communications systems. BCOM is aimed at replacing time-consuming manual configuration processes with automation tools to reduce operational costs and minimize the risk of manual error.

## The requirement for BCOM

Solving the challenges of increasingly sophisticated communications environments  in typical enterprises and organizations requires focusing on the user and business needs, not just technology. BCOM automates and optimizes the configurations and operations of these systems based on business processes and user-centric needs, resulting in reduced costs and increased adoption.

Management systems provided by the UC platform vendors are still labor-intensive and focus on a single set of vendor devices and systems. BCOM systems focus on delivering the value of business communications across multiple vendors and are user-centric.

Through optimized workflow processes, user-centric profiles, and business process integration, BCOM enables an organization to maximize the value of its investment and reduce operational costs. BCOM provides required flexibility and accuracy for UC adoption and enables a company's resources to focus on strategic issues. By optimizing resources and their use, the overall cost can be better managed.

## Provisions and Features

With increased sophistication of Business Communications/UC with new capabilities such as Multiplicity of devices, Application integration– CEBP and Heterogeneous, multi-vendor environments along with Consumerization expectations and New technologies, BCOM addresses problems like multiple configurations per event increases likelihood of missed configurations or mis-configured elements by providing single point of configuration and operational control features like single pane of glass.

The impact of business communications operations management has helped improved communications solution SLAs and service delivery reduced errors and issues and resulted in an adoption increase.

## BCOM Differentiators

Traditional vendor management and tools are about the system, platform, and device configuration. These solutions are very manual, requiring both significant times as well as vendor-specific expertise. While they may improve on pure manual configuration, the complexity of multiple systems, manual process, and lack of defined process integration makes vendor solutions labor-intensive and prone to errors and lack of resource control. BCOM changes the game by delivering a platform that configures and operates the communications solutions based on user and business needs as well supporting multiple communications elements in an orchestrated solution.

### Further reading


title: Béla Ormos

abstract: Béla Ormos was a Hungarian actor. He was active in theatre and film between 1920 and 1939. A Jew, he was called up for labour service following the German occupation of Hungary and died in Mauthausen concentration camp weeks before the end of the Second World War.

text:
# Béla Ormos

**Béla Ormos** (born **Béla Spitzer**; 1 March 1899 – 13 April 1945) was a Hungarian actor. He was active in theatre and film between 1920 and 1939. A Jew, he was called up for labour service following the German occupation of Hungary and died in Mauthausen concentration camp weeks before the end of the Second World War.

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Béla Ormos | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Béla Spitzer
(1899-03-01)1 March 1899
Budapest, Hungary |
| Died | 13 April 1945(1945-04-13) (aged 46)
Mauthausen concentration camp, Nazi Germany |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1920–1939 |


title: Buttercups and Daisies

abstract: Buttercups and Daisies is a 1931 comedy novel by the British writer Compton Mackenzie.

text:
# Buttercups and Daisies

***Buttercups and Daisies*** is a 1931 comedy novel by the British writer Compton Mackenzie.

## Bibliography

* David Joseph Dooley. *Compton Mackenzie*. Twayne Publishers, 1974.
* Andro Linklater. *Compton Mackenzie: A Life* Hogarth Press, 1992.

## InfoBox

Buttercups and Daisies
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Compton Mackenzie |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Comedy |
| Publication date | 1931 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print |


title: Samsung Galaxy Ace 3

abstract: The Samsung Galaxy Ace 3 (GT-S7270/GT-S7272/GT-S7275R) is a smartphone manufactured by Samsung that runs the Android operating system. Announced and released by Samsung in June 2013, the Galaxy Ace 3 is the successor to the Galaxy Ace 2. The Galaxy Ace 3 is a dual-core Android-based device, sold as an upper mid-range smartphone; the LTE model features a Qualcomm Snapdragon MSM8930 SoC, whereas the 3G model features a Broadcomm BCM21664 SoC with a 1 GHz dual-core ARM Cortex-A9 CPU and a Broadcomm VideoCore IV GPU.

text:
# Samsung Galaxy Ace 3

Galaxy Ace 3
GT-S7270
| Manufacturer | Samsung Electronics |
| --- | --- |
| Series | Galaxy |
| Compatible networks | 3G 850/900/1800/1900 MHz;
3.5G HSPA 14.4 Mbps (DL)/5.76 (UL) Mbps 900/2100 MHz; (Canada **HSPA** 850/1900 MHz) |
| First released | June 10, 2013 (2013-06-10) |
| Predecessor | Samsung Galaxy Ace 2 |
| Successor | Samsung Galaxy Ace 4 |
| Type | Smartphone |
| Form factor | Slate |
| Dimensions | 121.2 mm (4.77 in) H
62.7 mm (2.47 in) W
9.8 mm (0.39 in) D |
| Weight | 115 g (4.1 oz) |
| Operating system | **Original:** Android 4.2.2 "Jelly Bean"
**Unofficial:** Android 8.1 "Oreo" via custom ROMs |
| System-on-chip | Broadcomm BCM21664 |
| CPU | 1 GHz dual-core ARM Cortex-A9 |
| GPU | Broadcomm VideoCore IV |
| Memory | 1GB RAM |
| Storage | 8 GB (4.5 GB available for user) |
| Removable storage | microSD up to 64 GB |
| Battery | 1,500 mAh, 5.0 Wh, 3.7 , internal rechargeable Li-ion, user replaceable |
| Display | 4.0 in (100 mm) TFT LCD diagonal.
480×800 px WVGA
16M colors |
| Rear camera | 5 Mpx 2592×1944 max, autofocus, LED flash, HD video recording 1280×720 px MPEG4 at 30 FPS |
| Front camera | Yes, VGA |
| Connectivity | 3.5 mm jack
Bluetooth v3.0 with A2DP
DLNA
Stereo FM radio with RDS
Micro-USB 2.0
Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n |
| Data inputs | Multi-touch, capacitive touchscreen
Accelerometer
A-GPS
GLONASS
Digital compass
Proximity sensor
Push buttons
Capacitive touch-sensitive buttons |
| Other | Swype keyboard, Google Play, Polaris™ Office, ChatON, *Social Hub*, *Readers Hub* and *Game Hub* |
| SAR | 0.469 w/kg(head) |

The **Samsung Galaxy Ace 3** (GT-S7270/GT-S7272/GT-S7275R) is a smartphone manufactured by Samsung that runs the Android operating system. Announced and released by Samsung in June 2013, the Galaxy Ace 3 is the successor to the Galaxy Ace 2.

The Galaxy Ace 3 is a dual-core Android-based device, sold as an upper mid-range smartphone; the LTE model features a Qualcomm Snapdragon MSM8930 SoC, whereas the 3G model features a Broadcomm BCM21664 SoC with a 1 GHz dual-core ARM Cortex-A9 CPU and a Broadcomm VideoCore IV GPU.

## Features

The Galaxy Ace 3 is a 3.5G and 4G smartphone, with quad band GSM and announced with two-band HSDPA (900/2100)MHz at 14.4(DL)/5.76(UL) Mbit/s. It sports a display of a 4.0 inch PLS TFT LCD capacitive touchscreen with 16M colours WVGA (480x800) resolution. It has a 5-megapixel camera with LED flash and auto focus, capable of recording videos at QVGA (320x240), VGA (640x480) and HD (1280x720) pixels resolution with a VGA front-facing camera. The Galaxy Ace 3 comes with a 1500 mAh (3G) and an 1800 mAh (LTE) Li-ion battery.

The Galaxy Ace 3 has social network integration abilities and multimedia features. It is also preloaded with basic Google Apps such as Google+ and Google Messenger. The Galaxy Ace 3 is available in metallic black, white and wine red.

## Successor

In August 2014, Samsung released a successor to the Galaxy Ace 3; Samsung Galaxy Ace 4.

## InfoBox

Samsung Galaxy Ace 3
GT-S7275R
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Manufacturer | Samsung Electronics |
| Series | Galaxy |
| Compatible networks | 3G 42/5.76 Mbps 850/900/2100 MHz
4G LTE 150/50 Mbps 800/900/1800/2600MHz |
| First released | 10 June 2013 (2013-06-10) |
| Predecessor | Samsung Galaxy Ace 2 |
| Successor | Samsung Galaxy Ace 4 |
| Type | Smartphone |
| Form factor | Slate |
| Dimensions | 121.2 mm (4.77 in) H
62.7 mm (2.47 in) W
10 mm (0.39 in) D |
| Weight | 119.8 g (4.23 oz) |
| Operating system | Android 4.2.2 "Jelly Bean" With TouchWiz
**Unofficial**: Android 8.1 "Oreo" via custom ROMs |
| System-on-chip | Qualcomm Snapdragon MSM8930 |
| CPU | 1.2 GHz dual-core Qualcomm Krait |
| GPU | Qualcomm Adreno 305 |
| Memory | 1GB RAM |
| Storage | 8 GB (4.5GB available for user) |
| Removable storage | microSD up to 64 GB |
| Battery | 1,800 mAh, 3.7 , internal rechargeable Li-ion, user replaceable |
| Display | 4.0 in (100 mm) TFT LCD diagonal.
480×800 px WVGA
16M colors |
| Rear camera | 5 Mpx 2592×1944 max, autofocus, LED flash, HD video recording 1280×720 px MPEG4 at 30 FPS |
| Front camera | Yes, VGA |
| Connectivity | 3.5 mm jack
Bluetooth v4.0 with A2DP & AVRCP
DLNA
Stereo FM radio with RDS
Micro-USB 2.0
Near field communication (NFC)
Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n |
| Data inputs | Multi-touch, capacitive touchscreen
Accelerometer
A-GPS
GLONASS
Digital compass
Proximity sensor
Push buttons
Capacitive touch-sensitive buttons |
| Other | Swype keyboard, Google Play, Polaris™ Office, ChatON, *Social Hub*, *Readers Hub* and *Game Hub* |
| SAR | 0.582 w/kg(head) |


title: Samsung Galaxy Book (2017)

abstract:
The Samsung Galaxy Book is a Windows 10-based 2-in-1 PC produced and marketed by Samsung Electronics. It is the successor of the Galaxy TabPro S and comes in 2 models: a 10.6-inch model and a 12-inch model. It was the first model of the Samsung Galaxy Book line. Its successor, the Samsung Galaxy Book 2, was announced in October 2018. On 7 August 2019, the Samsung Galaxy Book S was announced.
On 28 April 2021, the Samsung Galaxy Book Pro and Galaxy Book Pro 360 were announced. The follow-on Samsung Galaxy Book 3 series, including an Ultra, Pro, and Pro 360 were released 17 February 2023

text:
# Samsung Galaxy Book (2017)

The **Samsung Galaxy Book** is a Windows 10-based 2-in-1 PC produced and marketed by Samsung Electronics. It is the successor of the Galaxy TabPro S and comes in 2 models: a 10.6-inch model and a 12-inch model. It was the first model of the Samsung Galaxy Book line.

Its successor, the Samsung Galaxy Book 2, was announced in October 2018. On 7 August 2019, the Samsung Galaxy Book S was announced. On 28 April 2021, the Samsung Galaxy Book Pro and Galaxy Book Pro 360 were announced. The follow-on Samsung Galaxy Book 3 series, including an Ultra, Pro, and Pro 360 were released 17 February 2023

## History

On 27 February 2017, Samsung unveiled the Galaxy Book alongside the Samsung Galaxy Tab S3 at MWC 2017.

The introductory price for the 12-inch model was $1,130 (Wi-Fi only) and $1,300 (LTE via Verizon). The 10-inch model started at $630.

## Specifications

The Galaxy Book 10 shares the same fanless design (the 12" model includes a fan), and the right side of the device houses a USB-C connection. The device weight around 650 grams for the 10.6 model, and 750 grams for the 12-inch model. Compared to the Tab S3, the camera is now located horizontally instead vertically, and there is no home button. There are two stereo speakers located at the top and bottom. The top bezel houses a power button, volume controls, and two microphones.

The device retains several features that are typically found in the Samsung Galaxy Note series, such as Air Command, Smart Select, Samsung Notes, etc. Both models include an S Pen (its first appearance on a Windows product), and a detachable folio keyboard case with a kickstand. The Galaxy Book also supports quick-charge technology, which allows the tablet to charge fully in a shorter amount of time. In terms of battery life, the 10.6-inch option is claimed to last 10 hours, and the 12-inch model slightly longer at 10.5 hours.

It has 1920x1280 TFT FHD (10.6-inch) and 2160x1440 AMOLED (12.0-inch) resolution display with an aspect ratio of 3:2. The S-pen provides 4096 levels of sensitivity.

## Reception

The Galaxy Book was generally well received with regards to the AMOLED screen, the S-pen input response, strong CPU performance, and the full support of Windows 10. However, criticism has been aimed towards the battery life, issues with heating while multitasking, and the fragility of the keyboard attachment.

## InfoBox

Samsung Galaxy Book
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Brand | Galaxy series |
| Manufacturer | Samsung Electronics |
| First released | February 2017 |
| Predecessor | Galaxy TabPro S |
| Successor | Galaxy Book2 |
| Type | Tablet |
| Dimensions | 261.2 x 179.1 x 8.9 mm metal body; 291.3x199.8x7.4 mm metal body; |
| Weight | 10.6" \[640g(Wi-Fi) / 650g(LTE)\], 12.0" \[754g (Wi-Fi and LTE)\] |
| Operating system | Windows 10<br>Upgradable to Windows 11 |
| CPU | Intel 7th Gen i5 Dual Core (Kaby Lake), 3.1 GHz Intel Core m3 |
| Memory | 4 GB or 8GB RAM |
| Storage | 64/128/256 GB |
| Removable storage | microSD, up to 256 GB |
| Battery | 30.4 Wh, 7.7 V w/Fast Charging (10.6"), 39.04 Wh, 7.7 V w/Fast Charging (12.0") |
| Display | 1920x1280 3:2 TFT FHD (10.6") and 2160x1440 3:2 AMOLED (12.0") |
| Rear camera | 13 MP Auto focus |
| Front camera | 5 MP |
| Connectivity | Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac, 2X2 MIMO; LTE Cat. 6; Bluetooth® 4.1 BLE; GPS + GLONASS; USB 3.1(Type-C)(2 ports) |


title: Samsung Galaxy Book

abstract: Samsung Galaxy Book is a line of Microsoft Windows based laptop computers produced by Samsung Electronics of South Korea. The Galaxy Book originated as tablet computers with detachable keyboards, however in 2020 it had evolved into becoming Samsung's main line of laptops, replacing the Samsung Notebook. The Galaxy Book is a sub-brand of Samsung Galaxy, but unlike those it runs exclusively on Windows software. There is also a separate Galaxy Chromebook line, which is branded under Galaxy Chromebook rather than Galaxy Book.

text:
# Samsung Galaxy Book

**Samsung Galaxy Book** is a line of Microsoft Windows based laptop computers produced by Samsung Electronics of South Korea. The Galaxy Book originated as tablet computers with detachable keyboards, however in 2020 it had evolved into becoming Samsung's main line of laptops, replacing the Samsung Notebook.

The Galaxy Book is a sub-brand of Samsung Galaxy, but unlike those it runs exclusively on Windows software. There is also a separate Galaxy Chromebook line, which is branded under *Galaxy Chromebook* rather than *Galaxy Book*.

## History

The Samsung Galaxy Book line originated with the release of Galaxy TabPro S in 2016, a Windows-powered Intel Core M tablet with detachable keyboard designed as a competitor to Microsoft's Surface Pro. It was the company's first Galaxy-branded device of any type to run Windows software instead of Android, replacing the Windows tablets that were in the Samsung Ativ line. A year later the original Galaxy Book was launched, followed another year later by Galaxy Book2 on a Snapdragon 855 ARM-based chip. In August 2019, the Galaxy Book S was announced, in a standard laptop form factor and again using an ARM Snapdragon processor. In its press release, Samsung called the Book S the first release of the new *Galaxy Computing* line.

In October 2019, Samsung announced the Galaxy Book Ion (clamshell) and Galaxy Book Flex (convertible) laptops. Both of these are Intel x86 computers and marked the replacement of the Samsung Notebook 9. They were the world's first laptops with QLED displays, and the Flex is bundled with an S Pen stylus. Throughout 2020 and 2021, further new models were launched that cemented Samsung Galaxy Book as a full replacement brand of the Samsung Notebook line.

Ahead of CES 2020, Samsung introduced the Galaxy Book Flex α (Alpha), a cheaper variant of the Flex. Both the Ion and Flex were released later in 2020. In May 2020, a Galaxy Book S running on low-power Intel Core "Lakefield" was unveiled, which was called a "hybrid processor". At the end of the year, the successors Samsung Galaxy Book Ion2 and Flex2 were announced as part of the 2021 lineup. At Samsung's Unpacked 2021 event the gaming laptop Galaxy Book Odyssey (successor of Notebook Odyssey) with an Nvidia RTX 3050 Ti graphics chip, was unveiled. Galaxy Book Go featured a Snapdragon 7c Gen2 processor.

Samsung Galaxy Book, Book Pro, and Book Pro 360, were unveiled in April 2021. While Book is a base clamshell laptop model, the Pro is a slightly better model, while Pro 360 is a convertible like the Flex was before. In 2021, a foldable Galaxy Book Fold 17 was rumored, although it has not been made official.

The Galaxy Book2 series was announced in February 2022. The models include Book2 Pro 360, Book2 Pro, Book2 360, and Book2.

The Galaxy Book3 Ultra, Book3 Pro, Book3 360, and Book3 360, were unveiled on February 1st 2023.

The Galaxy Book4 series (Ultra, Book4 Pro, Book4 Pro 360, and Book4 360) were unveiled on February 26th 2024. Later the more base model Book4 was unveiled. This was followed by the Book4 Edge on May 20th, which runs on the ARM-based Snapdragon X Elite processor.

| Release history of Galaxy Book notebooks 2020—present | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Display size | Type | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
| 16.0" | Clamshell |  | | | Book3 Ultra | Book4 Ultra |
| | | Book3 Pro | Book4 Pro |
| | |  | Book4 Edge |
| | 2-in-1 | Book3 Pro 360 | Book4 Pro 360 |
| 15.6" | Clamshell | Ion | Ion2 | Book2 |  | Book4 |
| | |  | Pro | Book2 Pro | Replaced by 16" | |
| | |  | Book | Replaced by Book2 |  |  |
| | |  | Odyssey |  |  |  |
| | 2-in-1 | Flex | Flex2 | Book2 Pro 360 | Book3 360 | Book4 360 |
| |  | Pro 360 |  |  |  |
| 14" | Clamshell |  | Go | Book2 Business | Book3 Pro | Book4 Pro |
| | |  |  |  |  | Book4 Edge |
| 13.3" | Clamshell | Book S (Qualcomm) | Ion2 | Book2 |  |  |
| | | Book S (Intel) | Pro | Book2 Pro |  |  |
| | | Ion |  |  |  |  |
| | 2-in-1 | Flex | Flex2 | Book2 Pro 360 | Book3 360 |  |
| | Flex | Flex2 | Book2 360 |  |  |
| |  | Pro 360 |  |  |  |

## Model specifications comparison

| Convertible tablets | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Model | Announced | Dimensions and weight | CPU | Display | Pen |
| Galaxy TabPro S | 1/2016 | 290.3 mm × 198.8 mm × 6.3 mm, 693 g | Intel Core m3-6Y30 | 12" sAMOLED 2160x1440 | TabPro Pen |
| Galaxy Book | 2/2017 | 261.20 mm × 179.10 mm × 8.90 mm, 640 g (10.6") 291.3 mm × 199.8 mm × 7.4 mm, 1.12 kg (12.0") | Intel Core i5 Kaby Lake, Intel Core m3 | 10.6" 1920×1280 TFT FHD, 12" 2160x1440 AMOLED | S Pen |
| Galaxy Book2 | 10/2018 | 287.5 mm × 200.4 mm × 7.6 mm, 1.75 lb | Snapdragon 850 | 12" sAMOLED 1440x2160 | S Pen |

| Clamshell laptops | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Model | Announced | Dimensions and weight | CPU | GPU | Display | RAM | Storage |
| Galaxy Book S (Qualcomm) | 8/2019 | 305.2 mm × 203.2 mm × 11.8 mm, 0.96 kg | Snapdragon 8cx | Qualcomm Adreno 680 | 13.3" | 8 GB | 256 GB |
| Galaxy Book Ion | 10/2019 | 305.7 mm × 199.8 mm × 12.9 mm, 0.97 kg (Ion 13) 356.1 mm × 228 mm × 14.9 mm, 1.26 kg (Ion 15) | Intel Core (10th generation) | Intel UHD Graphics 630, Nvidia GeForce MX250 | 15.6"/13.3" IPS 1920×1080 | 16 GB | 1 TB |
| Galaxy Book S (Intel) | 5/2020 | 305.2 mm × 203.2 mm × 11.8 mm, 0.95 kg | Intel Core Lakefield | Intel UHD Graphics | 13.3" | 8 GB | 256 GB |
| Galaxy Book Ion2 | 12/2020 | 305.7 mm × 199.8 mm × 12.9 mm, 1.16 kg (13) 356.1 mm × 228.0 mm × 14.9 mm, 1.57 kg (15") | Intel Core i5, i7 (11th generation) | Intel Iris Xe, Nvidia MX450 (external) | 15.6"/13.3" | up to 32 GB | up to 1 TB/2 TB |
| Galaxy Book Pro | 4/2021 | 304.4 mm × 199.8 mm × 11.2 mm, 870 g (13") 355.4 mm × 225.8 mm × 13.3 mm, 1.15 kg (15") | Intel Core i3, i5, i7 (11th generation) | Intel UHD Graphics, Intel Iris Xe, Nvidia MX450 | 15.6"/13.3" sAMOLED 1920×1080 | 8 GB | 512 GB |
| Galaxy Book | | 356.6 mm × 229.2 mm × 15.4 mm, 1.61 kg | Intel Core i3 (11th generation) | Nvidia MX450 | 15.6" PLS 1920×1080 | 8 GB | 256 GB/512 GB |
| Galaxy Book Odyssey | | 356.6 mm × 229.1 mm × 17.7 mm, 1.85 kg | Intel Core i5, i7 (11th generation) | Nvidia GeForce RTX 30 series | 15.6" | up to 32 GB | up to 2 TB |
| Galaxy Book Go | 6/2021 | 323.9 mm × 224.8 mm × 14.9 mm, 1.38 kg | Snapdragon 7c Gen2, Snapdragon 8cx Gen 2 (5G version) | Qualcomm Adreno | 14" TFT 1920 x 1080 | 4 GB/8 GB | 64 GB/128 GB |
| Galaxy Book2 Go 5G | 7/2023 (UK) | 323.9 mm x 224.8 mm x 15.5 mm, 1.44 kg | Snapdragon 7c+ Gen3 | Qualcomm Adreno | 14" TFT 1920 x 1080 | 4GB / 8GB | 128GB / 256GB eUFS |
| Galaxy Book2 Pro | 2/2022 | 304.4 mm × 199.8 mm × 11.2 mm, 870 g (13") 355.4 mm × 225.8 mm × 11.7 mm, 1.17 kg (15") | Intel Core i5, i7 (12th generation) | Intel Iris Xe, Intel Arc | 15.6"/13.3" | 16 GB | 1 TB |
| Galaxy Book2 | | 358.2 mm × 236.9 mm × 18.5 mm, 1.86 kg | Intel Core i5 (12th generation), Intel Pentium 8505, Intel Celeron 7305 | Intel Iris Xe, Intel UHD Graphics | 15.6" | 8 GB | 256 GB |
| Galaxy Book3 Ultra | 2/2023 | 355.4 mm × 250.4 mm × 16.5 mm, 1.79 kg (16") | Intel Core i7, i9 (13th generation) | Intel Iris XE, GeForce RTX 4050/4070 Mobile | 16" WQXGA (2880x1800) Dynamic AMOLED 2X | up to 32 GB | up to 2 TB |
| Galaxy Book3 Pro | | 312.3 mm × 223.8 mm × 11.3 mm, 1.17 kg (14") 355.4 mm × 250.4 mm × 12.5 mm, 1.56 kg (16") | Intel Core i5, i7 (13th generation) | Intel Iris Xe | 14"/16" 2880 x 1800 Dynamic OLED 2X | 8 GB/16 GB | 256 GB/512 GB |
| Galaxy Book4 Ultra | 12/2023 | 355.4 mm × 250.4 mm × 16.5 mm, 1.86 kg | Intel Core Ultra 9 / Ultra 7 | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070/4050 | 16" 2880x1800 Touch AMOLED | 16/32/64 GB | 512 GB/1 TB/2 TB |
| Galaxy Book4 Pro | | 312.3 mm × 223.8 mm × 11.6 mm, 1.23 kg (14") 355.4 mm × 250.4 mm × 12.5 mm, 1.56 kg (16") | Intel Core Ultra 7 / Ultra 5 | Intel Arc | 14"/16" 2880x1800 Touch AMOLED | 16 GB/32 GB | 512 GB/1 TB/2 TB |
| Galaxy Book4 | 2/2024 |  | Intel Core 7 | Intel Graphics | 15.6" | 16 GB | 512 GB |
| Galaxy Book4 Edge | 5/2024 | 312.3 mm × 223.8 mm × 10.9 mm, 1.16 kg (14") 355.4 mm × 250.4 mm × 12.3 mm (16") | Snapdragon X Elite X1E-80-100 / X1E-84-00 | Qualcomm Adreno | 14"/16" 2880×1800 AMOLED 3K | 16 GB | 512 GB/1 TB |

| 2-in-1 laptops (all feature Wacom digitizers and support S Pen) | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Model | Announced | Dimensions and weight | CPU | GPU | Display | RAM | Storage |
| Galaxy Book Flex | 10/2019 | 302.6 mm × 202.9 mm × 12.9 mm, 1.15 kg (Flex 13) 355 mm × 227.2 mm × 14.9 mm, 1.57 kg (Flex 15) | Intel Core Ice Lake | Nvidia GeForce MX250 | 15.6"/13.3" QLED 1920×1080 | 16 GB | 1 TB |
| Galaxy Book Flex  (*Alpha*) | 1/2020 | 304.9 mm × 202 mm × 13.9 mm, 1.19 kg | Intel Core Ice Lake | Intel UHD Graphics | 13.3" QLED | 8 GB/12 GB | 256 GB/512 GB/1 TB |
| Galaxy Book Flex2 | 12/2020 | 302.6 mm × 202.9 mm × 12.9 mm, 1.16 kg (13") 355.0 mm × 227.2 mm × 14.9 mm, 1.57 kg (15") | Intel Core i5, i7 (11th generation) | Intel Iris Xe, Nvidia GeForce MX450 (GDDR5 2 GB) | 15.6"/13.3" QLED 1920×1080 | up to 16 GB | up to 1 TB |
| Galaxy Book Flex2  (*Alpha*) | 4/2021 | 304.8 mm × 201.93 mm × 13.97 mm, 1.19 kg (13.3") | | Intel Iris Xe | 15.6"/13.3" QLED | 8 GB/16 GB | 256 GB/512 GB |
| Galaxy Book Pro 360 | 4/2021 | 302.5 mm × 202.0 mm × 11.5 mm, 1.04-1.1 kg (13") 354.85 mm × 227.97 mm × 11.9 mm, 1.39 kg (15") | Intel Core i3, i5, i7 (11th generation) | Intel Iris Xe, Intel UHD Graphics | 15.6"/13.3" sAMOLED 1920×1080 | 8 GB | 512 GB |
| Galaxy Book2 Pro 360 | 2/2022 | 302.5 mm × 202 mm × 11.5 mm, 1.05 kg (13") 354.85 mm × 227.97 mm × 11.9 mm, 1.41 kg (15") | Intel Core i5, i7 (12th generation) | Intel Iris Xe | 15.6"/13.3" sAMOLED 1920×1080 | 8 GB/16 GB/32 GB | 256 GB/512 GB/1 TB |
| Galaxy Book2 360 | | 304.4 mm × 199.8 mm × 11.2 mm (13") 355.4 mm × 225.8 mm × 11.7 mm (15") | | | 15.6"/13.3" | 16 GB | up to 1 TB |
| Galaxy Book3 Pro 360 | 2/2023 | 355.4 mm × 252.2 mm × 12.8 mm, 1.66 kg | Intel Core (13th generation) | Intel Iris Xe | 16" WQXGA (2880x1800) Dynamic AMOLED 2X | 8 GB/16 GB/32 GB | 256 GB/512 GB/1 TB |
| Galaxy Book3 360 | | 304.2 mm × 201.9 mm × 12.9 mm, 1.16 kg | | | 13.3"/15.6" sAMOLED | 8 GB/16 GB | |
| Galaxy Book4 Pro 360 | 12/2023 | 16" 2880x1800 Touch AMOLED, 1.66 kg | Intel Core Ultra 7 / Ultra 5 | Intel Arc | 16" WQXGA+ (2880×1800) Touch AMOLED | 16 GB/32 GB | 512 GB/1 TB |
| Galaxy Book4 360 | 2/2024 | 15.6" AMOLED | Intel Core 7 / Core 5 | Intel | 15.6" AMOLED | 16 GB | 512 GB/1 TB |

## InfoBox

Samsung Galaxy Book
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Samsung Galaxy Book3 360 | |
| Developer | Samsung Electronics |
| Type | Laptop, formerly tablet |
| Release date | 2016 (tablets)<br>2020 (laptops) |
| Operating system | Microsoft Windows |
| CPU | Intel (x86), Qualcomm Snapdragon (ARM) |
| Graphics | AMD, Nvidia, Intel |
| Predecessor | Samsung Ativ, Samsung Notebook |


title: Butz

abstract:
Butz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
  - Albert Butz (1849–1905) was a Swiss-born American inventor and businessman
  - Arthur Butz, American professor and Holocaust denier
  - Caspar Butz (1825–1885), German American journalist and politician
  - Dave Butz (1950–2022), American football player
  - Donald J. Butz, U. S. Air Force major-general
  - Earl Butz (1909–2008), American Secretary of Agriculture under Presidents Nixon and Ford
  - Edwin Butz (1864–1956), Seventh-day Adventist missionary active in Oceania and Australia
  - Frank Butz or Frank Dundr, German rower
  - Laura Chenoweth Butz (1860–1939), American educator
  - Norbert Leo Butz, American actor
  - Steve Butz, American politician

text:
# Butz

**Butz** is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

* Albert Butz (1849–1905) was a Swiss-born American inventor and businessman
* Arthur Butz (born 1933), American professor and Holocaust denier
* Caspar Butz (1825–1885), German American journalist and politician
* Dave Butz (1950–2022), American football player
* Donald J. Butz (born 1933), U. S. Air Force major-general
* Earl Butz (1909–2008), American Secretary of Agriculture under Presidents Nixon and Ford
* Edwin Butz (1864–1956), Seventh-day Adventist missionary active in Oceania and Australia
* Frank Butz or Frank Dundr (born 1957), German rower
* Laura Chenoweth Butz (1860–1939), American educator
* Norbert Leo Butz (born 1967), American actor
* Steve Butz (born 1959), American politician


title: Butzbach station

abstract: Butzbach station is a station in the town of Butzbach in the German state of Hesse on the Main–Weser Railway. The station was formerly the starting point of the Butzbach–Lich railway leading to Lich and Grünberg.The station is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 4 station.

text:
# Butzbach station

**Butzbach station** is a station in the town of Butzbach in the German state of Hesse on the Main–Weser Railway. The station was formerly the starting point of the Butzbach–Lich railway leading to Lich and Grünberg.The station is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 4 station.

## History

The station was opened along with the Butzbach–Friedberg section of the Main-Weser Railway on 9 November 1850.

On 28 March 1904, the Butzbach–Lich railway was opened. This had its own station, Butzbach West station, adjacent to the state station. From here, trains ran via Butzbach Ost, which is still the location of the line's operations, and Griedel to Lich Süd near the Gießen–Gelnhausen railway (also known as the Lahn-Kinzig Railway). On 1 August 1909, this line was extended to Grünberg, to connect with the Gießen–Fulda railway. Another line opened on 2 April 1910 branched off from Griedel through the Wetter valley to Bad Nauheim Nord. The last section from Butzbach Ost to Oberkleen, then in the Prussian district of Wetzlar, was completed on 1 June 1910. On 27 May 1961, passenger and freight traffic ended on the section of the line between Butzbach and Lich. The last passenger service between Butzbach and Bad Nauheim Nord ran on 31 May 1975.

## Services

Since the cessation of passenger service on the BLE, Butzbach station is no longer a railway junction. However, several Regional-Express and Regionalbahn services stop in Butzbach. Most important is the Mittelhessen-Express, which runs from Frankfurt Main Station via Friedberg and Butzbach to Gießen. There, it splits into two sections: the front section of the train continues via Marburg to Treysa, while the rear section reverses and continues through Wetzlar and Herborn to Dillenburg. Regionalbahn services run from Friedberg via Bad Nauheim, Butzbach, Langgöns and Großen-Linden to Gießen. During the peak hours Butzbach is served by individual Regional-Express services that run from Frankfurt via Giessen to Marburg. Long-distance services run non-stop through the station.

Butzbach station has not been made barrier-free for the disabled. In 2009, the station was equipped with an electronic passenger information system.

### Buses

There is a large bus station at Butzbach station, which is served by regional and city buses to the city of Butzbach, the Butzbach suburbs and the surrounding villages and towns.

There is also a park and ride facility at the station, which is operated by the city of Butzbach.

## InfoBox

| Butzbach | |
| --- | --- |
| Through station | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Bahnhofstr. 8
Butzbach, Hesse
Germany |
| Coordinates | 50°25′52″N 8°40′10″E / 50.43115°N 8.66944°E / 50.43115; 8.66944 |
| Owned by | DB Netz |
| Operated by | DB Station&Service |
| Line(s) |  |
| Platforms | 3 |
| Other information | |
| Station code | 1013 |
| DS100 code | FBZ |
| Category | 4 |
| Fare zone | : 2201 |
| Website | www.bahnhof.de |
| History | |
| Opened | 9 November 1850 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  DB Regio Mitte Following station  Gießentowards Kassel Hbf  RE 30  Bad Nauheimtowards Frankfurt (Main) Hbf  Gießentowards Dillenburg  RB 40   Gießentowards Treysa  RB 41 | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  ButzbachLocation within Hesse | |


title: Butyrylcholinesterase

abstract: Butyrylcholinesterase, also known as BChE, BuChE, BuChase, pseudocholinesterase, or plasma (cholin)esterase, is a nonspecific cholinesterase enzyme that hydrolyses many different choline-based esters. In humans, it is made in the liver, found mainly in blood plasma, and encoded by the BCHE gene. It is very similar to the neuronal acetylcholinesterase, which is also known as RBC or erythrocyte cholinesterase. The term "serum cholinesterase" is generally used in reference to a clinical test that reflects levels of both of these enzymes in the blood. Assay of butyrylcholinesterase activity in plasma can be used as a liver function test as both hypercholinesterasemia and hypocholinesterasemia indicate pathological processes. The half-life of BCHE is approximately 10 to 14 days. Butyrylcholine is a synthetic compound that does not occur in the body naturally. It is used as a tool to distinguish between acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase.

text:
# Butyrylcholinesterase

**Butyrylcholinesterase** (HGNC symbol **BCHE**; EC 3.1.1.8), also known as **BChE**, **BuChE**, **BuChase**, **pseudocholinesterase**, or **plasma (cholin)esterase**, is a nonspecific cholinesterase enzyme that hydrolyses many different choline-based esters. In humans, it is made in the liver, found mainly in blood plasma, and encoded by the *BCHE* gene.

It is very similar to the neuronal acetylcholinesterase, which is also known as RBC or erythrocyte cholinesterase. The term "serum cholinesterase" is generally used in reference to a clinical test that reflects levels of both of these enzymes in the blood. Assay of butyrylcholinesterase activity in plasma can be used as a liver function test as both hypercholinesterasemia and hypocholinesterasemia indicate pathological processes. The half-life of BCHE is approximately 10 to 14 days.

Butyrylcholine is a synthetic compound that does not occur in the body naturally. It is used as a tool to distinguish between acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase.

## Potential physiological role

Butyrylcholinesterase may be a physiological ghrelin regulator.

## Clinical significance

Pseudocholinesterase deficiency results in delayed metabolism of only a few compounds of clinical significance, including the following: succinylcholine, mivacurium, procaine, heroin, and cocaine. Of these, its most clinically important substrate is the depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, succinylcholine, which the pseudocholinesterase enzyme hydrolyzes to succinylmonocholine and then to succinic acid.

In individuals with normal plasma levels of normally functioning pseudocholinesterase enzyme, hydrolysis and inactivation of approximately 90–95% of an intravenous dose of succinylcholine occurs before it reaches the neuromuscular junction. The remaining 5–10% of the succinylcholine dose acts as an acetylcholine receptor agonist at the neuromuscular junction, causing prolonged depolarization of the postsynaptic junction of the motor-end plate. This depolarization initially triggers fasciculation of skeletal muscle. As a result of prolonged depolarization, endogenous acetylcholine released from the presynaptic membrane of the motor neuron does not produce any additional change in membrane potential after binding to its receptor on the myocyte. Flaccid paralysis of skeletal muscles develops within one minute. In normal subjects, skeletal muscle function returns to normal approximately five minutes after a single bolus injection of succinylcholine as it passively diffuses away from the neuromuscular junction. Pseudocholinesterase deficiency can result in higher levels of intact succinylcholine molecules reaching receptors in the neuromuscular junction, causing the duration of paralytic effect to continue for as long as eight hours. This condition is recognized clinically when paralysis of the respiratory and other skeletal muscles fails to spontaneously resolve after succinylcholine is administered as an adjunctive paralytic agent during anesthesia procedures. In such cases respiratory assistance is required.

Mutant alleles at the BCHE locus are responsible for suxamethonium sensitivity. Homozygous persons sustain prolonged apnea after administration of the muscle relaxant suxamethonium in connection with surgical anesthesia. The activity of pseudocholinesterase in the serum is low and its substrate behavior is atypical. In the absence of the relaxant, the homozygote is at no known disadvantage.

Finally, pseudocholinesterase metabolism of procaine results in formation of paraaminobenzoic acid (PABA). If the patient receiving procaine is on sulfonamide antibiotics such as bactrim the antibiotic effect will be antagonized by providing a new source of PABA to the microbe for subsequent synthesis of folic acid.

### Prophylactic countermeasure against nerve agents

Butyrylcholinesterase is a prophylactic countermeasure against organophosphate nerve agents. It binds nerve agent in the bloodstream before it can exert effects in the nervous system. Because it is a biological scavenger (and universal target), it is currently the only therapeutic agent effective in providing complete stoichiometric protection against the entire spectrum of organophosphate nerve agents.

### Prophylactic against cocaine addiction

An experimental new drug was developed for the potential treatment of cocaine abuse and overdose based on the pseudocholinesterase structure (it was a human BChE mutant with improved catalytic efficiency). It was shown to remove cocaine from the body 2000 times as fast as the natural form of BChE. Studies in rats have shown that the drug prevented convulsions and death when administered cocaine overdoses.

Transplantation of skin cells modified to express the enhanced form of butyrylcholinesterase into mice enables the long-term release of the enzyme and efficiently protects the mice from cocaine-seeking behavior and cocaine overdose.

### Marker for risk of SIDS

Research published by the SIDS and Sleep Apnoea Research Group of The Children's Hospital in Westmead, New South Wales, Australia, in the May 6, 2022 edition of in *The Lancet* indicates that BChE may be a marker for babies that are at risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). That is, lower levels of BChE were associated with an increased risk of SIDS.

## Interactive pathway map

*Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.*

\[\[File:      \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\] \[\[\]\]     |alt=Irinotecan Pathway edit\]\]   Irinotecan Pathway edit

## Inhibitors

## Nomenclature

The nomenclatural variations of BCHE and of cholinesterases generally are discussed at *Cholinesterase § Types and nomenclature*.

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000114200  Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027792  Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". *National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine*.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". *National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine*.
5. Jasmin L (2013-05-28). "Cholinesterase - blood". University of Maryland Medical Center. Archived from the original on 2012-10-30. Retrieved 2011-09-07.
6. Allderdice PW, Gardner HA, Galutira D, Lockridge O, LaDu BN, McAlpine PJ (October 1991). "The cloned butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE) gene maps to a single chromosome site, 3q26". *Genomics*. **11** (2): 452–454. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90154-7. hdl:2027.42/29109. PMID 1769657.
7. Whittaker M (February 1980). "Plasma cholinesterase variants and the anaesthetist". *Anaesthesia*. **35** (2): 174–197. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1980.tb03800.x. PMID 6992635. S2CID 32806785.
8. Chen VP, Gao Y, Geng L, Parks RJ, Pang YP, Brimijoin S (February 2015). "Plasma butyrylcholinesterase regulates ghrelin to control aggression". *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America*. **112** (7): 2251–2256. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112.2251C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1421536112. PMC 4343161. PMID 25646463.
9. "Pseudocholinesterase Deficiency". *Medscape*. WebMD LLC. 15 July 2021.
10. "Entrez Gene: BCHE butyrylcholinesterase".
11. "Medical Identification and Treatment Systems(MITS)". *Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense*. United States Army. Archived from the original on 2016-10-28. Retrieved 2014-08-13.
12. Zheng F, Yang W, Ko MC, Liu J, Cho H, Gao D, et al. (September 2008). "Most efficient cocaine hydrolase designed by virtual screening of transition states". *Journal of the American Chemical Society*. **130** (36): 12148–12155. doi:10.1021/ja803646t. PMC 2646118. PMID 18710224.
13. Li Y, Kong Q, Yue J, Gou X, Xu M, Wu X (February 2019). "Genome-edited skin epidermal stem cells protect mice from cocaine-seeking behaviour and cocaine overdose". *Nature Biomedical Engineering*. **3** (2): 105–113. doi:10.1038/s41551-018-0293-z. PMC 6423967. PMID 30899600.
14. Harrington CT, Hafid NA, Waters KA (June 2022). "Butyrylcholinesterase is a potential biomarker for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome". *eBioMedicine*. **80**. The Children's Hospital in Westmead, New South Wales, Australia: 104041. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104041. PMC 9092508. PMID 35533499. S2CID 248645079.
15. Puopolo T, Liu C, Ma H, Seeram NP (2022-04-19). "Inhibitory Effects of Cannabinoids on Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Enzyme Activities". *Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids*. **5** (1): 85–94. doi:10.1159/000524086. PMC 9149358. PMID 35702400.
16. Brus B, Košak U, Turk S, Pišlar A, Coquelle N, Kos J, et al. (October 2014). "Discovery, biological evaluation, and crystal structure of a novel nanomolar selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor". *Journal of Medicinal Chemistry*. **57** (19): 8167–8179. doi:10.1021/jm501195e. PMID 25226236.
17. Messerer R, Dallanoce C, Matera C, Wehle S, Flammini L, Chirinda B, et al. (June 2017). "Novel bipharmacophoric inhibitors of the cholinesterases with affinity to the muscarinic receptors M1 and M2". *MedChemComm*. **8** (6): 1346–1359. doi:10.1039/c7md00149e. PMC 6072511. PMID 30108847.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| BCHE | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Available structures  PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | BCHE, CHE1, CHE2, E1, butyrylcholinesterase, BCHED | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 177400; MGI: 894278; HomoloGene: 20065; GeneCards: BCHE; OMA:BCHE - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_000055   NM\_009738   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_000046   NP\_033868   Location (UCSC) Chr 3: 165.77 – 165.84 Mb Chr 3: 73.54 – 73.62 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Samsung Galaxy S II WiMAX

abstract: The Samsung Galaxy S II WiMAX ISW11SC is an Android smartphone developed by Samsung Electronics, and sold by au in Japan. It is the first phone in the Galaxy series, and is the final model to be compliant with the WiMAX Standard. It supports Wi-Fi tethering. It is one of a series of smartphones compatible with CDMA 1X WIN. Its production model number is SCI 11. The manufacturer's model number is SCH-J001.

text:
# Samsung Galaxy S II WiMAX

The **Samsung Galaxy S II WiMAX ISW11SC** is an Android smartphone developed by Samsung Electronics, and sold by au in Japan.

It is the first phone in the Galaxy series, and is the final model to be compliant with the WiMAX Standard. It supports Wi-Fi tethering. It is one of a series of smartphones compatible with CDMA 1X WIN. Its production model number is SCI 11. The manufacturer's model number is SCH-J001.

## Characteristics

It is the first model of Galaxy series to feature near-field communication (NFC). However, it is not compatible with Osaifu-Keitai.

The Ver.001 IC card can be used for regular communication, but if it is used for authentication of NFC function, it needs to be replaced with the ver.002 - a card with brown and white stripes. Normal cards that are the size of ver.002 are supported by adding a terminal.

The user interface adopts Samsung's original TouchWiz 4.0 UX.

The logo (cursive style design) uses a new typeface stamped sequentially from models of 2012 spring model and later including this model. The logo appears immediately after startup and displays the text "au".

This phone is neither IP67 and IP68 certified which means it is neither water nor dust-proof.

The "KDDI E-mail application" pre-installed in this model is different from the "KDDI E-mail application" installed in the Fall / Winter 2011 model · Xperia acro (IS 11 S) · HTC EVO WiMAX (ISW 11 HT). A ringtone can be set to something other than preset.

## History

* January 16, 2012 (Heisei 24) - Official announcement from KDDI and Samsung Telecommunications Japan.
* January 20, 2012 - Noble black is released all over the country.
* February 16, 2012 - 1st Software Update Start.
* March 24, 2012 - Ceramic White is additionally released in the Chubu area.
* March 25, 2012 - Ceramic white is additionally released in the Kanto area.
* March 28, 2012 - Ceramic white is additionally released in Chūgoku, Kyushu, Okinawa area.
* March 30, 2012 - Ceramic white is additionally released in the remaining districts other than the above.
* May 15, 2012 - Shiny Magenta announced additional.
* May 22, 2012 - 2nd Software Update Start. 2012
* July 20 - Shiny Magenta is additionally released at Chubu, Hokuriku, Shikoku and Kyushu areas.
* July 21, 2012 - Shiny Magenta is additionally released in Hokkaido, Tohoku, Kanto, Kansai and Chūgoku.
* July 25, 2012 - Shiny Magenta is additionally released in the Okinawa area.
* August 16, 2012 - 3rd Software Update started.
* September 13, 2012 - 4th Software Update (Version upgrade to Android 4.0.4 begins.)
* September 15, 2012 - Because some defects were confirmed in software, we temporarily suspended updates to Android 4.0.4.
* October 2, 2012 - 5th software update (Resume updating to Android 4.0.4.)
* February 14, 2013 - 6th software update started.

## Main functions / services

* A PC web browser is equipped as standard and Flash contents can be displayed fully. The mobile site (EZWeb) cannot be viewed like any other smartphone or PC.

| Main functions · Supported services | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Web browser | LISMO!
for Android Media Player LISMO WAVE | Mobile wallet NFC | ~~1seg~~ |
| One mail PC Mail
Gmail
EZweb Mail | Decome | Skype | PC document |
| Smart
Sports
Run &
Walk
Karada
Manager
Golf (web
version) Fitness,
pedometer | GPS
Azimuth meter | Navi walk
Passenger's seat navi | News
EX GREE |
| Jibun bank | Earthquake Early Warning | Bluetooth | Wireless
LAN
function
(Wifi)
Tethering
(Wi-Fi · USB) \+ WiMAX
(Mobile WiMAX) |
| ~~Infrared~~ ~~communication~~ | ~~WIN HIGH SPEED~~ | Global Passport (CDMA) | Femtocell |
| microSD
microSDHC | Motion sensor (6 axes) | Waterproof Dustproof | Answer
Phone
Incoming
call
rejection setting |

* Safe security pack is full compliant

## Update

* A February 16, 2012 mobile update fixed problems with turning the phone on.
* On May 22, 2012 another update increased the phone's range, while.
* On August 16, 2012 a display problem when SMS (C Mail) is received was remedied.
* On February 14, 2013 a problem with microSD card initialization was fixed.
* On April 25, 2013 a problem that prevented sending and receiving e-mail was fixed.
* The upgrade to Android 4.0.4 began on September 13, 2012, but it was stopped temporarily on 15 September 2012 to correct a problem. The upgrade was resumed on October 2, 2012. The Bluetooth version changed from 3.0 + HS to 3.0 + EDR. The au widget was added. It was security pack compatible. International calling + code calling function was added. Configuration change of setting menu Items of the setting menu are changed. Items such as "data use" and "development" increased. The data usage of each application can be viewed. The option menu, music player and video application menu changed. Restart was added to the OFF menu. The email application was improved.

1. "Samsung S specs - Engadget". *Engadget*. Retrieved 2018-08-02.
2. "Samsung announces Galaxy S II WiMAX for Japan". *GSMArena.com*. Retrieved 2018-08-02.
3. "Samsung Galaxy S II WiMAX Announced For Japan". *Geeky Gadgets*. 2012-01-16. Retrieved 2018-08-02.
4. Kohout, Martin (17 January 2012). "Samsung Galaxy S2 WiMAX | FreeBit.cz". *freebit.cz* (in Czech). Retrieved 2018-08-02.
5. 「GALAXY SII WiMAX ISW11SC」のOSアップデート停止について | 2012年 | KDDI株式会社 Archived 2012-09-18 at the Wayback Machine
6. 「GALAXY SII WiMAX ISW11SC」のOSアップデート再開についてのお知らせ | au Archived 2012-10-04 at the Wayback Machine
7. "Galaxy S II WiMAX | Samsung - The Verge". *www.theverge.com*. Retrieved 2018-08-02.
8. 過去にCD等からPC上のLISMO Portへ取込んだ楽曲のISシリーズ端末への転送、及び、過去に同電話番号のLISMO対応au携帯電話で購入した着うたフル、着うたフルプラス、ビデオクリップのLISMO Portでのバックアップ＆ISシリーズ端末への転送は、LISMO Port 4.4以降が必要となる。このほか携帯のmicroSDからの差し替えやMP3やMP4などにも対応している。
9. KDDI Eメールアプリがプリインストールされている。Eメールは3G以外の通信方式でも送受信出来る。
10. 「GALAXY SII WiMAX ISW11SC」の「ソフトウェアアップデート」についてのお知らせ | au - 2012年10月2日閲覧 Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine
11. o.o., gsmchoice.com / PIK Sp. z. "Samsung Galaxy S II WiMAX ISW11SC technical specifications :: GSMchoice.com". *www.gsmchoice.com*. Retrieved 2018-08-02.

## InfoBox

Samsung Galaxy S II WiMAX
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Brand | Samsung |
| Manufacturer | Samsung Electronics |
| First released | January 20, 2012 (2012-01-20) (Noble Black)
March 24, 2012 (2012-03-24) (Ceramic White)
July 20, 2012 (2012-07-20) (Shiny Magenta) |
| Operating system | Android 2.3.6 → 4.0.4 |
| CPU | Exynos 4210 Dual-core 1.4GHz |
| Memory | 1 GB RAM |
| Storage | 16 GB |
| Battery | 1,850 mAh |


title: San Polo d'Enza

abstract: San Polo d'Enza is a comune (municipality) in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) west of Bologna and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Reggio Emilia. San Polo d'Enza borders the following municipalities: Bibbiano, Canossa, Montecchio Emilia, Montechiarugolo, Quattro Castella, Traversetolo, Vezzano sul Crostolo.

text:
# San Polo d'Enza

**San Polo d'Enza** (Reggiano: *Sân Pôl*) is a *comune* (municipality) in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) west of Bologna and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Reggio Emilia. San Polo d'Enza borders the following municipalities: Bibbiano, Canossa, Montecchio Emilia, Montechiarugolo, Quattro Castella, Traversetolo, Vezzano sul Crostolo.

## People

## InfoBox

| San Polo d'Enza | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di San Polo d'Enza | |
|  | |
| Location of San Polo d'Enza | |
| San Polo d'EnzaLocation of San Polo d'Enza in ItalySan Polo d'EnzaSan Polo d'Enza (Emilia-Romagna) | |
| Coordinates: 44°38′N 10°26′E / 44.633°N 10.433°E / 44.633; 10.433 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Emilia-Romagna |
| Province | Reggio Emilia (RE) |
| *Frazioni* | Barcaccia, Belvedere, Bonini, Borsea, Bosi, Ca'Bianca, Casa Bertolini, Casa Farini, Case dell'Eva, Colombarone, Contea Orlandini, Cornacchia, Ghilga, Grassano Alto, Grassano Basso, Grassano Chiesa, Grassano est,Grassano Ovest, Grassano Scuola, Paperopoli, Pezzano, Pietre, Pieve, Pontenovo, Rio Luceria, Rio delle Amazzoni, Sedignano, Sessanta, Stradella |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Franco Palù |
| Area | |
| Total | 32.29 km2 (12.47 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 174 m (571 ft) |
| Population (31 July 2018) | |
| Total | 6,212 |
| Density | 190/km2 (500/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Sampolesi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 42020 |
| Dialing code | 0522 |
| Patron saint | St. Paul |
| Website | Official website |


title: Samuel Sharpe (scholar)

abstract: Samuel Sharpe (1799–1881) was an English Unitarian banker who, in his leisure hours, made substantial contributions to Egyptology and Biblical translation.

text:
# Samuel Sharpe (scholar)

**Samuel Sharpe** (1799–1881) was an English Unitarian banker who, in his leisure hours, made substantial contributions to Egyptology and Biblical translation.

## Background

He was the second son of Sutton Sharpe (1756–1806), a brewer, with his second wife, Maria Rogers (1771–1806), third daughter of Thomas Rogers, a banker, and was born in King Street, Golden Square, London, on 8 March 1799, and baptised at St. James's, Piccadilly. His elder brother Sutton Sharpe the younger (1797–1843) was a barrister, and friend of Stendhal and Prosper Mérimée. His younger sister Mary married legal reformer Edwin Wilkins Field. One of his younger brothers, William Sharpe (1804–1870) of Highbury, a solicitor, had daughters Maria who married Karl Pearson, Elizabeth (Bessie or Lisa) who married Henry Peyton Cobb as his second wife, and Sarah Lucy who married in 1865 Sydney Courtauld. Daniel Sharpe, another younger brother, was noted as a geologist.

Samuel Sharpe's mother Maria was sister to Samuel Rogers, a man of letters and banker. The Rogers family were wealthy Dissenters at Newington Green, then a village just north of London. They had a large house there, sold in 1797 by Samuel Rogers. Samuel and his brother Henry Rogers were partners in a bank, at 29 Clement's Lane, Lombard Street. It traded under different names down the years: Welch & Rogers in 1766, it became Welch, Rogers, Olding & Rogers in 1785. After a merger in 1811 it was known as Rogers, Towgood & Co., or Rogers, Towgood, Olding & Co. The merger was with the bank trading as Langston, Towgood, Cazalet & Co. (or Langston, Towgood, Boycott & Forester, also of Clement's Lane), and involved John Towgood (1757–1837) who married Martha Rogers, sister of Maria, Samuel and Henry Rogers. Samuel Rogers headed the new bank. Towgood was a slave owner on St Kitts.

Sutton Sharpe the elder was a needle-maker, as well as a brewer, and has been called a dilettante. Through Maria he was able to move in literary circles. He was also on good terms with artists: John Bewick, James Barry, John Flaxman, John Opie and Martin Archer Shee. He married, firstly, Catharine Purchas, who died in 1791. He remarried in 1795.

Following his father's business failure and death in 1806, Samuel Sharpe and his five siblings were orphaned. The children were then cared for by their half-sister Catharine (1782–1853), the only child of his father's first marriage. She found a house for the whole family on Stoke Newington Church Street. In summer 1807 Samuel became a boarder in the dissenting academy of Eliezer Cogan at Higham Hill, Walthamstow.

According to Anna Letitia Le Breton née Aikin, Catharine Sharpe was a family friend of the Aikins. She lived out the end of her life at the house of Arthur Aikin in Bloomsbury Square. Samuel Sharpe knew Anna Letitia Barbauld née Aikin, whom his sister visited, and also was on good terms with the family of John Aikin.

## Career and interests

At Christmas 1814 Sharpe was taken into the family bank in Cornhill, London. He remained connected with the firm till 1861, having been made partner in 1824.

For many years Sharpe and his brothers taught classes to poor children, before office hours, in the Lancasterian school, Harp Alley, Farringdon Street. He was elected a fellow of the Geological Society about 1827, but took a greater interest in mathematical science and archæological research, as his contributions (1828–31) to the *Philosophical Magazine* show.

Sharpe's benefactions to University College and School, London exceeded £15,000. He reminded readers in the 1830s, and again in the 1870s, that about this sum had been extorted from wealthy Dissenters to pay for Mansion House, the official residence of the Lord Mayor of London.)

## Unitarian

Sharpe came gradually to adopt the Unitarian views held by his mother's family. In 1821 he joined the South Place Chapel (later the South Place Ethical Society, later still Conway Hall), the congregation of William Johnson Fox in Finsbury, central London. In giving an account of five generations of his family who attended the Newington Green Chapel, Sharpe mentioned that he joined the Unitarian congregation there around 1830. His work as a translator of the Bible began with a revision (1840) of the authorised version of the New Testament. His Greek text was that of J. J. Griesbach. When, in 1870, the project of the Revised Version was undertaken by the convocation of Canterbury, Sharpe was one of four Unitarian scholars invited to select a member of their body to co-operate with the New Testament company.

He was a trustee of Dr. Daniel Williams's foundations, 1853–1857, and worked to improve Dr Williams's Library; president of the British and Foreign Unitarian Association in 1869–70, and president of Manchester College, the Unitarian seminary, in 1876–8.

## Death

Sharpe died at 32 Highbury Place on 28 July 1881, and was buried at Abney Park Cemetery on 3 August.

## Works

Sharpe published, besides doctrinal tracts:

* *The Early History of Egypt*, 1836.
* *Egyptian Inscriptions*, 1837; part ii., 1841; 2nd ser. 1855.
* *Rudiments of a Vocabulary of Egyptian Hieroglyphics*, 1837.
* *The History of Egypt under the Ptolemies*, 1838.
* *The New Testament, translated*, 1840; 8th edit. 1881.
* *The History of Egypt under the Romans*, 1842.
* *Notes on the Hieroglyphics of Horapollo Nilous*, 1845 (Syro-Egyptian Society).
* *The History of Egypt from the earliest Times till A.D. 640*, 1846; 6th edit. 1876, 2 vols.; in German from the 3rd edit. (1852) by Jolowicz, revised by Von Gutschmid, Leipzig, 1862, 2 vols.
* *The Chronology and Geography of Ancient Egypt*, 1849, with Joseph Bonomi the younger.
* *Fragments of Orations in Accusation and Defence of Demosthenes … translated*, 1849.
* *Sketch of Assyrian History*, in Bonomi's *Nineveh and its Palaces*, 2nd edit. 1853.
* *The Triple Mummy Case of Aro-eri Ao*, 1858.
* *Historical Notice of the Monuments of Egypt* in Owen Jones and Bonomi's *Description of the Egyptian Court in the Crystal Palace*, 1854.
* *Historic Notes on the … Old and New Testaments*, 1854; 3rd edit. 1858.
* *Critical Notes on the … New Testament*, 1856; 1867.
* *Alexandrian Chronology*, 1857.
* *Some Particulars of the Life of Samuel Rogers*, 1859; 1860.
* *Egyptian Hieroglyphics*, 1861.
* *Egyptian Antiquities in the British Museum, described*, 1862.
* *Notes* in Bonomi's *Egypt, Nubia, and Ethiopia*, 1862.
* *Egyptian Mythology and Egyptian Christianity*, 1863.
* *Sketch of the Arguments for … authorship … of the Pentateuch*, \[1863\].
* *The Alabaster Sarcophagus of Oimenepthah*, 1864.
* *The Hebrew Scriptures, translated*, 1865 3 vols.; 4th edit. 1881, in one volume with New Testament.
* *The Chronology of the Bible*, &c., 1868.
* *Texts from the Bible explained by … Ancient Monuments*, 1866; 1869, 1880 (drawings by Bonomi).
* *The History of the Hebrew Nation and its Literature*, 1869; 5th edit. 1892.
* *The Decree of Canopus; in Hieroglyphics and Greek, with translations*, 1870.
* *The Rosetta Stone; in Hieroglyphics and Greek, with translations*, 1871.
* *Short Notes to … translation of the Hebrew Scriptures*, 1874.
* *Hebrew Inscriptions from the valleys between Egypt and Mount Sinai*, 1875; part ii. 1876. (see Proto-Sinaitic script)
* *The Journeys and Epistles of St. Paul*, 1876; 3rd edit. \[1880\].
* *The Book of Isaiah arranged chronologically in a revised translation … with … Notes*, 1877.
* *A Short Hebrew Grammar without Points*, 1877.
* *The Book of Genesis … without Points*, 1879 (selections).
* *An Inquiry into the Age of the Moabite Stone*, &c., 1879.
* *Bαρνάβα Ἐπιστολή. The Epistle of Barnabas … with a translation*, 1880.

A biography *Samuel Sharpe, Egyptologist and Translator of the Bible* (1883) was written by Peter William Clayden, who married Ellen Sharpe in 1887, and later wrote about Rogers.

### Egyptology

David Gange groups John Marshall, John Kenrick and Sharpe together, as showing "receptivity to ancient Egyptian thought that was rare in Britain before the 1870s."

Sharpe's interest in Egyptology followed the works of Thomas Young. He studied the works of Champollion and what had been published by Sir John Gardner Wilkinson, learned Coptic, and formed a hieroglyph vocabulary. The first part (1837) of Sharpe's *Egyptian Inscriptions*, mainly from the British Museum, contained the largest corpus of hieroglyphical writing that had yet been published, and was followed by additional series in 1841 and 1855. His *Vocabulary of Hieroglyphics* was published in the autumn of 1837; he admitted that his results were often tentative. His major contribution is now considered to be the publications on hieroglyphs; later scholarship has superseded his historical work. In 1838 there appeared his *History of Egypt under the Ptolemies*, and in 1842 his *History of Egypt under the Romans*; these were incorporated with his *Early History* of 1836 in *The History of Egypt*, 1846.

Sharpe played a significant role in a controversy arising in 1859 over excavations in Egypt by Joseph Hekekyan, supervised also by Leonard Horner, that had been carried out earlier in the 1850s. On the reliance for stratigraphy on a hypothesis about the rate of deposition of sediment by the River Nile, Sharpe proposed that the site must have had an embankment, upsetting the basis of calculation. He found support from Wilkinson, and others, and a ramifying discussion was referred to Charles Lyell. Lyell also found merit in Sharpe's proposal. The debate on the antiquity of man was then at its height, and the point at issue on dating Egyptian remains was therefore topical.

### Christianity

His revision of the authorised version of the Old Testament was first issued in 1865. In eight editions of his New Testament, and four of his Old, he devoted care to the improvement of his work. As a translator he was concerned to remove archaisms. Among the last advocates of unpointed Hebrew, he published manuals for instruction in this system. His *History of the Hebrew Nation and its Literature*, 1869, and his exegetical works bear his individual stamp. He said of himself, "I am a heretic in everything, even among Unitarians".

For the Unitarian weekly, *The Inquirer*, founded in 1842 by Edward Hill, he wrote for some years, though he thought newspaper writing "a bad employment." He resumed in 1876 when the *Christian Life* was started by his friend Robert Spears, writing a weekly article till his death. He had contributed papers, chiefly biblical, to the *Christian Reformer* (1834–63) with the signature ‘S. S.,’ and to many other periodicals.

## Family

In 1827 Sharpe married his first cousin Sarah (born 1796, died 3 June 1851), daughter of Joseph Sharpe, and had six children, of whom two daughters survived him. The girls are described as offering "efficient help" in his studies, for example by tracing Egyptian hieroglyphs, and with their assistance he was able to make available "by far the largest collection of hieroglyphical inscriptions ever yet published".

When Samuel Rogers died in 1855, he left his literary copyrights to Sharpe. Alexander Dyce published *Recollections of the Table-Talk of Samuel Rogers* (1856), which encountered heavy criticism, particularly from family members. Sharpe took the line that Dyce had acted in good faith, and did what he could to reassure Dyce.

In 1885 Matilda Sharpe and Emily Sharpe endowed the Channing School for Girls, primarily for the daughters of Unitarian ministers, and named after William Ellery Channing. They had cut their teeth, from ages 11 and 13, teaching at the Sunday School he established at Newington Green.

**Attribution**

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1897). "Sharpe, Samuel". *Dictionary of National Biography*. Vol. 51. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

## InfoBox

| Samuel Sharpe | |
| --- | --- |
| Portrait from 1868 of Sharpe by his daughter, Matilda | |
| Born | 1799 (1799) |
| Died | 1881(1881-00-00) (aged 81–82) |
| Occupation(s) | Banker, Egyptologist, biblical translator |


title: Samuel Sharpe (burgess)

abstract: Samuel Sharpe, sometimes referred to as Samuel Sharp or "Ssamuel" was an early Virginia colonist who settled in the area that became Charles City County, Virginia. He came to Virginia in 1610 with most of the passengers and crew of the Sea Venture as they made their way to the colony after 10 months in Bermuda. They had wrecked in a storm there and built two small boats to complete their journey to Jamestown. Along with Samuel Jordan, he represented Charles City as a burgess in the first general assembly of the Virginia House of Burgesses in Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. He was a representative for Westover, an incorporation of Charles City, in the 1623/24 assembly and signed a letter along with several burgesses at the time of that assembly. Sharpe and his wife, Elizabeth, survived the Indian massacre of 1622. He became a landowner and planter. His life and fate after he returned to England, presumably temporarily, on business in 1626 is unknown. Samuel Sharpe should not be confused with William Sharpe, another early Virginia colonist and member of the House of Burgesses in 1629 with whom he is sometimes erroneously conflated.

text:
# Samuel Sharpe (burgess)

**Samuel Sharpe**, sometimes referred to as Samuel Sharp or "Ssamuel" was an early Virginia colonist who settled in the area that became Charles City County, Virginia. He came to Virginia in 1610 with most of the passengers and crew of the *Sea Venture* as they made their way to the colony after 10 months in Bermuda. They had wrecked in a storm there and built two small boats to complete their journey to Jamestown. Along with Samuel Jordan, he represented Charles City as a burgess in the first general assembly of the Virginia House of Burgesses in Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. He was a representative for Westover, an incorporation of Charles City, in the 1623/24 assembly and signed a letter along with several burgesses at the time of that assembly.

Sharpe and his wife, Elizabeth, survived the Indian massacre of 1622. He became a landowner and planter. His life and fate after he returned to England, presumably temporarily, on business in 1626 is unknown.

Samuel Sharpe should not be confused with William Sharpe (Sergeant Sharp(e)), another early Virginia colonist and member of the House of Burgesses in 1629 with whom he is sometimes erroneously conflated.

## On the *Sea Venture* and Bermuda

Sharpe was among the passengers who were cast away on Bermuda when the *Sea Venture* was shipwrecked there on its way to the Colony of Virginia with additional supplies, colonists and the new governor, Sir Thomas Gates in 1609. On Bermuda, Sharpe, along with Humphrey (or Humfrey) Reed (or Reade), reported the proposed mutiny of Stephen Hopkins, later a passenger on the *Mayflower* to Plymouth Colony, to Governor Gates, one of the shipwrecked passengers. Hopkins believed the wreck ended the authority of the ship's captain, Captain Christopher Newport and the accompanying Sir George Somers, admiral of the Virginia Company of London. He also thought that Gates had no authority until the passengers reached Jamestown. Hopkins wanted to stay on Bermuda where food was available rather than continue to Virginia where he, and others, believed scarcity and danger awaited. Sharpe and Reed testified before an assembly of passengers to what Hopkins had told them about his plans. Although Gates sentenced Hopkins to be executed, he acceded to the requests of Newport and writer and later Secretary of the Colony William Strachey to pardon Hopkins. The passengers and crew of the *Sea Venture* built two small ships, the *Patience* and the *Deliverance* and ultimately arrived at Jamestown on May 24, 1610.

## Burgess

In 1619, Samuel Sharpe represented Charles City (sometimes referred to as Bermuda City) at the first assembly of the Virginia House of Burgesses.

McIlwaine, H. R., ed. Volume 1 of *Journals of the House of Burgesses, 1619 - 1658/59*. Richmond, VA, 1915, p. viii shows Sharpe as the representative for Westover, an incorporation of Charles City in the 1623/24 assembly.

## Elizabeth Sharpe

Elizabeth Sharpe, the wife of Samuel Sharpe, arrived in Virginia on the *Margaret and John* in 1621. She is known to have been living with Samuel at Flowerdew Hundred at the census date of January 20, 1625. She should not be confused with the wife of William Sharpe, also named Elizabeth.

## Indian massacre of 1622 and aftermath

On March 22, 1622, Chief Opchanacanough and warriors of his Powhatan Confederacy attacked the Virginia colonists, killing at least 347 people, a quarter of the population of the Virginia colony, in the Indian massacre of 1622. Samuel Sharpe helped inventory the estate of George Thorpe of Berkeley Hundred who had been killed during the attack. Thorpe was a deputy to the then governor, George Yeardley.

After the 1622 attack, the Virginia colony continued to suffer from inadequate diet due to the loss of many men before the 1622 planting season, disease and further Native American raids, which resulted in men being diverted from work in the fields to guard duty. Sharpe sent a letter back to England in March or April 1623, according to David A. Price, on March 24, 1622 according to Martha W. McCartney, in which he wrote: "To write of all crosses and miseries which have befallen us at ths time we are not able: The Lord hath crossed us by stricking most of us with sickness and death." Sharpe noted that the sickness and death in the colony made it difficult for anyone to plant crops or conduct business. He declared that most of the men who arrived on the *Abigail* had died, including George Paul, whose help he had sought from Governor Yeardley. On the other hand, in 1624, Sharpe and other burgesses signed a rebuttal to Alderman \[Robert\] Johnson's statement that in contrast to the current dire state of the Virginia colony, the conditions in the colony were good before 1619.

## Wife and property

Records showed that Sharpe and his wife Elizabeth were living at Flowerdew Hundred Plantation on February 16, 1624 and were still there on January 20, 1625. In a list of patented land sent to England in 1625, Sharpe was shown with 100 acres on the Appomattox River. In 1625, Sharpe and merchant Edward Blaney (burgess), a burgess for James City in 1623 and 1624, disagreed about ownership of some cattle. Some residents claimed that some of Blaney's cattle belonged to the Virginia Company. Late in 1625, Richard Biggs of West and Shirley Hundred, later Shirley Plantation, named Sharpe as overseer of his estate.

## Business trip to England

Sharpe returned to England on the *Temperance* in 1626 to attend to the presentation of Bigg's estate for probate. In July 1626, having been identified as a gentleman, Sharpe and others testified that their goods and tobacco had been wrongfully detained at Cowes on the Isle of Wight, England because of a dispute between the ship's master of the *Temperance'* and its owner.

## Further life unknown

A burgess identified as "Sergeant Sharp" (no first name, no "e" at the end of the name) is listed as a burgess for the "Neck of Land" for the 1629 session in both Stanard and Hening. "Sergeant Sharp" was "William G. Sharpe (Sharp)", also of Charles City, and a burgess in the 1629 list for the Neck of Land. Lyon Gardiner Tyler, has a brief biographical paragraph concerning "Samuel Sharpe" which identifies him as a burgess for Charles City in the 1619 session and the Neck of Land in the October 1625 session. A 1625 session, called a "convention," is not shown in Stanard or Henings or the McCartney Sharpe (Sharp) entries but is mentioned in Grizzard. McIlwane lists neither Samuel Sharpe nor William Sharpe as members of the 1625 convention.

Tyler gives no further information about Sharpe after 1625. Based on McCartney which has no information about Samuel Sharpe after 1626, and Grizzard which shows the members of the First General Assembly and their fates if known and which indicates that Samuel Sharpe's fate is unknown, Samuel Sharpe was not the "Sergeant Sharp" of the 1629 assembly. That burgess was William Sharpe (Sharp), as stated by McCartney with citations. Also, *Lists of the Livinge & the Dead in Virginia*, compiled February 16, 1623, shows "Serjeant William Sharpe" residing at the Neck of Land.

None of the references found for this page give further information about Samuel Sharpe after 1626 such as whether or when he returned to Virginia and his date of death.

## Citations

1. Deetz, James. Flowerdew Hundred: The Archaeology of a Virginia Plantation, 1619-1864. United Kingdom, University Press of Virginia, 1995.
2. Stanard, William G. and Mary Newton Stanard. *The Virginia Colonial Register*. Albany, NY: Joel Munsell's Sons Publishers, 1902. OCLC 253261475, Retrieved July 15, 2011. p. 52.
3. See separate entries for Samuel Sharpe and William Sharpe at McCartney, Martha W. *Virginia immigrants and adventurers, 1607-1635: a biographical dictionary*. Baltimore: Genealogical Pub. Co., 2007. ISBN 978-0-8063-1774-8. p. 631.
4. Lists of the Livinge & the Dead in Virginia, compiled February 16, 1623, as transcribed in Walker, R. F., *Colonial Records of Virginia* R.F. Walker, Superintendent Public Printing, Richmond, VA: Clemmitt & Jones, Printers, 1874, pp 37 – 68 shows "Serjeant William Sharpe" residing at the Neck of Land.
5. McCartney, Martha W. *Virginia immigrants and adventurers, 1607-1635: a biographical dictionary*. Baltimore: Genealogical Pub. Co., 2007. ISBN 978-0-8063-1774-8. p. 631.
6. Glover, Lorri and Daniel Blake Smith. *The Shipwreck That Saved Jamestown: The Sea Venture Castaways and the Fate of America*\]. New York: Henry Holt and Company, LLC, 2008. ISBN 978-0-8050-9025-3.  Retrieved May 5, 2013. pp. 161-163.
7. Bernhard, Virginia. *The Tale of Two Colonies: What Really Happened in Virginia and Bermuda?*. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2011. ISBN 978-0-8262-1951-0. pp. 87-88.
8. Glover, 2008, p. 189.
9. Henry, William Wirt. *The First Legislative Assembly in America.* In *Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1893*. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1894. OCLC 1150082. Retrieved July 21, 2011. p. 60.
10. This listing is based on Brown, Alexander. *The First Republic in America*, pp. 579, 580, rather than Stanard or a document from the House of Burgesses itself.
11. McCartney, 2007, p. 632.
12. Price, David A. *Love & Hate in Jamestown: John Smith, Pocahontas and the Start of a New Nation*. New York: Vintage Books, a Division of Random House, Inc., 2003. ISBN 978-1-4000-3172-6. p. 208.
13. Price, 2003, p. 216.
14. McCartney, 2007, p. 135.
15. Haile, Edward Wright, ed. *Jamestown Narratives: Eyewitness Accounts of the Virginia Colony: The First Decade: 1607-1617*. Champlain, VA: RoundHouse, 1998. ISBN 978-0-9664712-0-5. pp. 912-916.
16. McCartney, 2007, p. 139.
17. McCartney, 2007, p. 140.
18. Stanard, 1902, p. 53
19. Henings, *Statutes at Large*, shown as *Virginia, William Waller Hening, Virginia (Colony)*. *The statutes at large: being a collection of all the laws of Virginia*. Volume 1, Richmond, VA: Printed by and for Samuel Pleasants, Junior, printer to the Commonwealth, 1809-1823. OCLC 15444366. Retrieved July 15, 2011. p. 138.
20. Tyler, Lyon Gardiner *Sharpe, Samuel* in *Encyclopedia of Virginia biography*. New York: Lewis Historical Pub. Co., 1915. OCLC 866770546. Retrieved July 21, 2011. p. 322.
21. Grizzard, Frank E. and Dennis Boyd Smith. *Jamestown Colony: A Political, Social and Cultural History*. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2007. ISBN 978-1-85109-637-4. p. xlvi.
22. McIlwaine, H. R., ed. Volume 1 of *Journals of the House of Burgesses, 1619 - 1658/59*. Richmond, VA, 1915, p. ix.
23. Grizzard, p. 419.
24. Transcribed in Walker, R. F., *Colonial Records of Virginia* R.F. Walker, Superintendent Public Printing, Richmond, VA: Clemmitt & Jones, Printers, 1874, pp 37 – 68

## InfoBox

| Samuel Sharpe | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member Virginia House of Burgesses | |
| **In office**<br>1619–1623/24 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | England |
| Died | unknown |
| Spouse | Elizabeth |
| Residence | Charles City County, Virginia |
| Occupation | Ancient planter, Burgess |
|  | |


title: Bławatki

abstract: Bławatki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strzelno, within Mogilno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Strzelno, 14 km (9 mi) east of Mogilno, 53 km (33 mi) south of Bydgoszcz, and 54 km (34 mi) south-west of Toruń.

text:
# Bławatki

**Bławatki** \[bwaˈvatki\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strzelno, within Mogilno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Strzelno, 14 km (9 mi) east of Mogilno, 53 km (33 mi) south of Bydgoszcz, and 54 km (34 mi) south-west of Toruń.

## InfoBox

| Bławatki | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Bławatki | |
| Coordinates: 52°38′51″N 18°8′41″E / 52.64750°N 18.14472°E / 52.64750; 18.14472 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Mogilno |
| Gmina | Strzelno |


title: Sander Gliboff

abstract: Sander Gliboff is a professor of History and Philosophy of Science at Indiana University. Gliboff earned a B.S. in biology from Cornell University in 1978, an M.A. at the University of North Carolina in 1981, and at Johns Hopkins University earned an M.A. in 1997 and a Ph.D. in 2001. In 1999 his article, "Gregor Mendel and the Laws of Evolution," received the Ivan Slade Prize from The British Society for the History of Science.

text:
# Sander Gliboff

**Sander Gliboff** is a professor of History and Philosophy of Science at Indiana University. Gliboff earned a B.S. in biology from Cornell University in 1978, an M.A. at the University of North Carolina in 1981, and at Johns Hopkins University earned an M.A. in 1997 and a Ph.D. in 2001.

In 1999 his article, "Gregor Mendel and the Laws of Evolution," received the Ivan Slade Prize from The British Society for the History of Science.

## Publications