title: Carbohydrate sulfotransferase

abstract: In biochemistry, carbohydrate sulfotransferases are enzymes within the class of sulfotransferases which catalyze the transfer of the sulfate (−SO−3) functional group to carbohydrate groups in glycoproteins and glycolipids. Carbohydrates are used by cells for a wide range of functions from structural purposes to extracellular communication. Carbohydrates are suitable for such a wide variety of functions due to the diversity in structure generated from monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage positions, chain branching, and covalent modification. Possible covalent modifications include acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and sulfation. Sulfation, performed by carbohydrate sulfotransferases, generates carbohydrate sulfate esters (−O−SO−3). These sulfate esters are only located extracellularly, whether through excretion into the extracellular matrix (ECM) or by presentation on the cell surface. As extracellular compounds, sulfated carbohydrates are mediators of intercellular communication, cellular adhesion, and ECM maintenance.

text:
# Carbohydrate sulfotransferase

| Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase family 1 | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | Sulfotransfer\_1 |
| InterPro | IPR016469 |
| Membranome | 493 |

In biochemistry, **carbohydrate sulfotransferases** are enzymes within the class of sulfotransferases which catalyze the transfer of the sulfate (−SO3) functional group to carbohydrate groups in glycoproteins and glycolipids. Carbohydrates are used by cells for a wide range of functions from structural purposes to extracellular communication. Carbohydrates are suitable for such a wide variety of functions due to the diversity in structure generated from monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage positions, chain branching, and covalent modification. Possible covalent modifications include acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and sulfation. Sulfation, performed by carbohydrate sulfotransferases, generates carbohydrate sulfate esters (−O−SO3). These sulfate esters are only located extracellularly, whether through excretion into the extracellular matrix (ECM) or by presentation on the cell surface. As extracellular compounds, sulfated carbohydrates are mediators of intercellular communication, cellular adhesion, and ECM maintenance.

## Enzyme mechanism

Sulfotransferases catalyze the transfer of a sulfonyl group from an activated sulfate donor onto a hydroxyl group (or an amino group, although this is less common) of an acceptor molecule. In eukaryotic cells the activated sulfate donor is 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) (Figure 1).

PAPS is synthesized in the cytosol from ATP and sulfate through the sequential action of ATP sulfurylase and APS kinase. ATP sulfurylase first generates adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (APS) and then APS kinase transfers a phosphate from ATP to APS to create PAPS. The importance of PAPS and sulfation has been discerned in previous studies by using chlorate, an analogue of sulfate, as a competitive inhibitor of ATP sulfurylase. PAPS is a cosubstrate and source of activated sulfate for both cytosolic sulfotransferases and carbohydrate sulfotransferases, which are located in the Golgi. PAPS moves between the cytosol and the Golgi lumen via PAPS/PAP (3’-phosphoadenosine-5’-phosphate) translocase, a transmembrane antiporter.

The exact mechanism used by sulfotransferases is still being elucidated, but studies have indicated that sulfotransferases use an in-line sulfonyl-transfer mechanism that is analogous to the phosphoryl transfer mechanism used by many kinases, which is logical given the great level of structural and functional similarities between kinases and sulfotransferases (Figure 2). In carbohydrate sulfotransferases a conserved lysine has been identified in the active PAPS binding site, which is analogous to a conserved lysine in the active ATP binding site of kinases. Protein sequence alignment studies indicate that this lysine is conserved in cytosolic sulfotransferases as well.

In addition to the conserved lysine, sulfotransferases have a highly conserved histidine in the active site. Based on the conservation of these residues, theoretical models, and experimental measurements a theoretical transition state for catalyzed sulfation has been proposed (Figure 3).

|  |  |
| --- | --- |

## Biological function

Carbohydrate sulfotransferases are transmembrane enzymes in the Golgi that modify carbohydrates on glycolipids or glycoproteins as they move along the secretory pathway. They have a short cytoplasmic N-terminal, one transmembrane domain, and a large C-terminal Golgi luminal domain. They are distinct from cytosolic sulfotransferases in both structure and function. While cytosolic sulfotransferases play a metabolic role by modifying small molecule substrates such as steroids, flavonoids, neurotransmitters, and phenols, carbohydrate sulfotransferases have a fundamental role in extracellular signalling and adhesion by generating unique ligands through the modification of carbohydrate scaffolds. Since the substrates of carbohydrate sulfotransferases are larger, they have larger active sites than cytosolic sulfotransferases.

There are two major families of carbohydrate sulfotransferases: heparan sulfotransferases and galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine/N-acetylglucosamine 6-*O*-sulfotransferases (GSTs).

### Heparan Sulfotransferases

Heparan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) that is linked by xylose to serine residues of proteins such as perlecan, syndecan, or glypican. Sulfation of heparan sulfate GAGs helps give diversity to cell surface proteins and provides them with a unique sulfation pattern that allows them to specifically interact with other proteins. For example, in mast cells the AT-III-binding pentasaccharide is synthesized with essential heparan sulfate sulfation steps. The binding of the heparan sulfate in this pentasaccharide to AT-III inactivates the blood-coagulation factors thrombin and Factor Xa. Heparan sulfates are also known to interact with growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, lipid and membrane binding proteins, and adhesion molecules.

### GSTs

GSTs catalyze sulfation at the 6-hydroxyl group of galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, or N-acetylglucosamine. Like heparan sulfotransferases, GSTs are responsible for post-translational protein sulfation that assists in cell-signaling. GSTs are also responsible for the sulfation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that assist with maintaining the structure between cells For example, GSTs catalyze the sulfation of glycoproteins displaying the L-selectin binding epitope 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis x, which recruits leukocytes to areas of chronic inflammation. GSTs are also responsible for the proper function of the ECM in the cornea; improper sulfation by GSTs can lead to opaque corneas.

## Disease Relevance

Carbohydrate sulfotransferases are of great interest as drug targets because of their essential roles in cell-cell signalling, adhesion, and ECM maintenance. Their roles in blood coagulation, chronic inflammation, and cornea maintenance mentioned in the Biological Function section above are all of interest for potential therapeutic purposes. In addition to these roles, carbohydrate sulfotransferases are of pharmacological interest because of their roles in viral infection, including herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Heparan sulfate sites have been shown to be essential for HSV-1 binding that leads to the virus entering the cell. In contrast, heparan sulfate complexes have been shown to bind to HIV-1 and prevent it from entering the cell through its intended target, the CD4 receptor.

Mutation in Carbohydrate sulfotransferases 6 (CHST6) is associated with Macular Corneal Dystrophy (MCD) Inheritance: Autosomal recessive. Genetic Locus: 16q22 Online Mendelian Inheritance in man (OMIM) Entry OMIM #217800

## Human proteins from this family

* Carbohydrate sulfotransferases 6 (CHST6) Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the transfer of sulfate to position 6 of non-reducing N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues of keratan. Mediates sulfation of keratan in cornea. Keratan sulfate plays a central role in maintaining corneal transparency.
* Carbohydrate sulfotransferases 8 (CHST8) and 9 (CHST9), which transfer sulfate to position 4 of non-reducing N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residues in both N-glycans and O-glycans. They function in the biosynthesis of glycoprotein hormones lutropin and thyrotropin, by mediating sulfation of their carbohydrate structures.
* Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 10 (CHST10), which transfers sulfate to position 3 of the terminal glucuronic acid in both protein- and lipid-linked oligosaccharides. It directs the biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate structure, a sulfated glucuronyl-lactosaminyl residue carried by many neural recognition molecules, which is involved in cell interactions during ontogenetic development and in synaptic plasticity in the adult.
* Carbohydrate sulfotransferases 11 - 13 (CHST11, CHST12, CHST13), which catalyze the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of the GalNAc residue of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate constitutes the predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage and is distributed on the surfaces of many cells and extracellular matrices. Some, thought not all, of these enzymes also transfer sulfate to dermatan.
* Carbohydrate sulfotransferase D4ST1 (D4ST1), which transfers sulfate to position 4 of the GalNAc residue of dermatan sulfate.

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR005331

## InfoBox

| Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase family 2 | |
| --- | --- |
| Example carbohydrate sulfotransferase with PAPS cosubstrate and carbohydrate substrate: Crystal Structure of human 3-O-Sulfotransferase-3 with bound PAPS and tetrasaccharide substrate. Enzyme chain A (blue), Enzyme chain B (green), PAPS (red), tetrasaccharide substrate (white), sodium ion (purple sphere). | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | Sulfotransfer\_2 |
| Pfam | PF03567 |
| InterPro | IPR005331 |
| Membranome | 495 |
| Available protein structures:  Pfam structures / ECOD  PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj  PDBsum structure summary | |


title: Eupithecia illaborata

abstract: Eupithecia illaborata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Turkmenistan.

text:
# Eupithecia illaborata

***Eupithecia illaborata*** is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Turkmenistan.

## InfoBox

| *Eupithecia illaborata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Eupithecia* |
| Species: | ***E. illaborata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eupithecia illaborata***<br>Dietze, 1903 | |
|


title: Calendula meuselii

abstract: Calendula meuselii, is a species of annual flowering plant in the marigold genus Calendula, family Asteraceae. It is native to and widely distributed across Europe, the Mediterranean to the Sahara and the Arabian Peninsula.

text:
# Calendula meuselii

***Calendula meuselii***, (common name, **Meusel marigold**) is a species of annual flowering plant in the marigold genus *Calendula*, family Asteraceae. It is native to and widely distributed across Europe, the Mediterranean to the Sahara and the Arabian Peninsula.

## Description

*Calendula meuselii* is an annual, bushy, non-succulent herb, standing between 50 cm and 1 metre high. Leaves are dark green, alternate, pointed, with glandular hairs. Flower heads are composed of multiple yellow petals and florets, borne singly at the ends of the stems.

## Habitat

The native range of this species is the eastern Mediterranean to North Africa, and it has been introduced across North and South America, Eastern Europe and Australia.

*C. meuselii* grows in readily in ashy, sandy soil and among gravel or in between paving. Concern has been expressed at the damage done by this plant to archaeological sites in Morocco, where it tends to grow between the cracks in paving stones and may cause damage to historic sites.

* Feddes Repert. 86: 4 (1975)

## InfoBox

| *Calendula meuselii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | *Calendula* |
| Species: | ***C. meuselii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Calendula meuselii***<br>Ohle | |
|


title: Eomola

abstract: Eomola is an extinct genus of sunfishes from the upper Eocene. Its fossils have been found in Russia. The genus Eomola was described in 1992 by James Tyler and Alexandre Bannikov, and the type species is E. bimaxillaria.

text:
# Eomola

***Eomola*** is an extinct genus of sunfishes from the upper Eocene. Its fossils have been found in Russia. The genus *Eomola* was described in 1992 by James Tyler and Alexandre Bannikov, and the type species is *E. bimaxillaria*.

## InfoBox

| *Eomola bimaxillaria*
Temporal range: Upper Eocene | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Tetraodontiformes |
| Family: | Molidae |
| Genus: | *Eomola*
Tyler and Bannikov, 1992 |
| Species: | ***E. bimaxillaria*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eomola bimaxillaria***
Tyler and Bannikov, 1992 | |
|


title: Craspedocephalus occidentalis

abstract: Craspedocephalus occidentalis is a venomous species of arboreal pit viper from Southern India. It has been confused for Craspedocephalus gramineus often. It is named after the Latin word for 'west', 'occidentalis', as it is from the western portion of Southern India.

text:
# Craspedocephalus occidentalis

***Craspedocephalus occidentalis*** is a venomous species of arboreal pit viper from Southern India. It has been confused for *Craspedocephalus gramineus* often. It is named after the Latin word for 'west', 'occidentalis', as it is from the western portion of Southern India.

## Habitat

It is known to inhabit the trees in the wet forests of the Western Ghats.

## InfoBox

| *Craspedocephalus occidentalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Viperidae |
| Genus: | *Craspedocephalus* |
| Species: | ***C. occidentalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Craspedocephalus occidentalis***<br>(Pope & Pope, 1933) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Trimeresurus occidentalis* Pope & Pope, 1933 | |


title: Boxhagener Platz (film)

abstract: Boxhagener Platz is a 2010 German comedy film directed by Matti Geschonneck. The film premiered at the 2010 Berlin International Film Festival. In late 2010, it was put on a shortlist, with eight other films, for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.

text:
# Boxhagener Platz (film)

***Boxhagener Platz*** is a 2010 German comedy film directed by Matti Geschonneck. The film premiered at the 2010 Berlin International Film Festival. In late 2010, it was put on a shortlist, with eight other films, for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Boxhagener Platz | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Matti Geschonneck |
| Starring |  |
| Release dates | * 16 February 2010 (2010-02-16) (BIFF) * 4 March 2010 (2010-03-04) (Germany) |
| Running time | 103 minutes |
| Country | Germany |
| Language | France |


title: Pine Mountain Ridge (California)

abstract: Pine Mountain Ridge is a massif of the Transverse Ranges located in northern Ventura County, and entirely within the Los Padres National Forest. The ridge is a large block of Matilija Sandstone, and reaches some of the highest elevations in the southern Transverse Ranges. The north slope of the ridge is part of the Sespe Wilderness. Major peaks on the ridge include, from west to east, Reyes Peak, Haddock Peak, and Thorn Point.

text:
# Pine Mountain Ridge (California)

**Pine Mountain Ridge** (or simply **Pine Mountain**) is a massif of the Transverse Ranges located in northern Ventura County, and entirely within the Los Padres National Forest. The ridge is a large block of Matilija Sandstone, and reaches some of the highest elevations in the southern Transverse Ranges. The north slope of the ridge is part of the Sespe Wilderness.

Major peaks on the ridge include, from west to east, Reyes Peak, Haddock Peak, and Thorn Point.

## Ecology

The ridge is located in the California montane chaparral and woodlands ecoregion. Lower slopes are dominated by chaparral, while the upper reaches of the mountain support a forest of jeffrey pine, white fir, sugar pine, bigcone douglas fir, and California incense cedar.

34°19′38″N 117°41′43″W / 34.3271°N 117.6952°W / 34.3271; -117.6952

## InfoBox

| Pine Mountain Ridge | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Highest point | |
| Peak | Reyes Peak |
| Elevation | 7,510 ft (2,290 m) |
| Geography | |
| Country | United States |
| State | California |
| Region | Ventura County |
| Parent range | Transverse Ranges |


title: Dan Foreman

abstract: Daniel David Foreman III is an American politician who has served in the Idaho Senate since 2022, representing the 6th district. He previously served from 2016 to 2018 and represented the 5th district, which covers parts of Benewah and Latah counties.

text:
# Dan Foreman

**Daniel David Foreman III** (born September 20, 1953) is an American politician who has served in the Idaho Senate since 2022, representing the 6th district. He previously served from 2016 to 2018 and represented the 5th district, which covers parts of Benewah and Latah counties.

## Early life and education

Foreman was born in Lake Forest, Illinois to Daniel David Foreman Jr and Eileen Susan (McKeating) Foreman. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in business management and administration from Bradley University in 1975.

## Career

He served in the United States Air Force for 30 years and retired as a colonel. He later served as a police officer with the Moscow, Idaho Police Department. Foreman was elected to the Idaho Senate in 2016, narrowly defeating incumbent Democratic Senator Dan Schmidt.

Foreman introduced several bills to the legislature during his first weeks in office, including one that would "classify abortion as first-degree murder — for the mother, as well as the doctor who performs the operation — except in cases where the mother’s life is endangered." He also introduced a bill that would reduce Idaho's sales tax from 6% to 5%, as well as two other tax bills.

Foreman was defeated in the November 2018 elections, losing to Democrat David Nelson, receiving 8,777 votes to Nelson's 11,197 votes.

He defeated Nelson in the 2022 election.

## Political views

Foreman has been a vocal critic of his own district, calling the area a "cesspool of liberalism". Foreman denies climate change, referring to it as a "scam". He does not support the separation of church and state.

Foreman claimed to be the victim of an online identity-theft hoax when on February 20, 2018, State Senator Maryanne Jordan confirmed she had filed an ethics complaint against Foreman after an unverified Twitter account claiming to be owned by Foreman indicated that a group of students should discuss "killing babies" with her. Foreman reportedly had been scheduled to meet with college students from the University of Idaho who were advocating for birth control and sex education. After cancelling the meeting at the last minute, Foreman was recorded yelling at the students as he passed them in the hallway, telling them, "abortion is murder".

On October 1, 2024, among the seated candidates at a "meet the candidates" forum in Kendrick, Foreman reportedly stood up and interrupted Trish Carter-Goodheart, a Native American woman born in Idaho and running for the state legislature, who was responding in her turn to a question from the audience regarding discrimination. Including profanities, he shouted at her "go back where you came from" and denied that racism existed in Idaho before angrily leaving the forum that continued without him. He later wrote on Facebook, "I enlightened this person to the fact I was born in America, and I am therefore a native American. There was no racial slur in my statement". Several attending the forum confirmed the report of the incident, including Foreman’s opponent who stated that she rose, confronted Foreman, and attempted to defuse his anger before he stormed out.

## Personal life

Foreman and his wife, Maria, have 7 children and 20 grandchildren. Foreman is Catholic.

## Electoral history

2016

Latah County Sheriff Republican primary election, 2016
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Richard (Richie) Skiles** | **1,343** | **52.70** |
|  | Republican | Dan Foreman | 969 | 38.02 |
|  | Republican | Brian Strampher | 236 | 9.26 |
| Total votes | | | **2,548** | **100.00** |

Idaho Senate District 5 election, 2016
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Dan Foreman** | **11,275** | **50.76** |
|  | Democratic | Dan Schmidt | 10,939 | 49.24 |
| Total votes | | | **22,214** | **100.00** |

2018

Idaho Senate District 5, Republican primary election, 2018
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Dan Foreman** | **2,180** | **51.3** |
|  | Republican | Marshall Comstock | 2,071 | 48.7 |
| Total votes | | | **4,251** | **100.0** |

Idaho Senate District 5 election, 2018
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **David Nelson** | **11,197** | **56.1** |
|  | Republican | Dan Foreman (incumbent) | 8,777 | 43.9 |
| Total votes | | | **19,974** | **100.0** |

2020

Idaho Senate District 5 Republican primary election, 2020
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Dan Foreman** | **4,376** | **100.0** |
| Total votes | | | **4,376** | **100.0** |

Idaho Senate District 5 election, 2020
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **David Nelson (incumbent)** | **12,691** | **50.4** |
|  | Republican | Dan Foreman | 12,471 | 49.6 |
| Total votes | | | **25,162** | **100.0** |

2022

Idaho Senate District 6, Republican primary election, 2022
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Dan Foreman** | **2,792** | **43.2** |
|  | Republican | Robert Blair | 2,282 | 35.3 |
|  | Republican | Jen Seegmiller | 1,391 | 21.5 |
| Total votes | | | **6,465** | **100.0** |

Idaho Senate District 6 election, 2022
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Dan Foreman** | **10,174** | **50.1** |
|  | Democratic | David Nelson (incumbent) | 9,746 | 48.0 |
|  | Constitution | James Hartley | 398 | 2.0 |
| Total votes | | | **20,318** | **100.0** |

2024

Idaho Senate District 6, Republican primary election, 2024
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Dan Foreman** | **3,396** | **53.2** |
|  | Republican | Robert Blair | 2,983 | 46.8 |
| Total votes | | | **6,379** | **100.0** |

## InfoBox

| Dan Foreman | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Idaho State Senator | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
December 1, 2022 | |
| Preceded by | David Nelson |
| Constituency | 6th district (2022–present) |
| **In office**
December 1, 2016  November 30, 2018 | |
| Preceded by | Dan Schmidt |
| Succeeded by | David Nelson |
| Constituency | 5th district (2016–2018) |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1953 (age 7071)
Lake Forest, Illinois, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Maria |
| Children | 7 |
| Residence(s) | Viola, Idaho, U.S. |
| Education | Bradley University (BS) |
| Military service | |
| Branch/service | United States Air Force |
| Rank | Colonel |
|  | |


title: Kovačevići (Cazin)

abstract: Kovačevići is a village in the municipality of Cazin, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

text:
# Kovačevići (Cazin)

**Kovačevići** is a village in the municipality of Cazin, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 886.

Ethnicity in 2013
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bosniaks | 876 | 98.9% |
| Croats | 1 | 0.1% |
| other/undeclared | 9 | 1.0% |
| **Total** | **886** | **100%** |

## InfoBox

| Kovačevići | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Kovačevići | |
| Coordinates: 45°02′07″N 15°52′24″E / 45.0353°N 15.8733°E / 45.0353; 15.8733 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Canton | Una-Sana |
| Municipality | Cazin |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.66 sq mi (4.29 km2) |
| Population (2013) | |
| Total | 886 |
| Density | 530/sq mi (210/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Semecarpus paucinervius

abstract: Semecarpus paucinervius is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is endemic to the Philippines.

text:
# Semecarpus paucinervius

***Semecarpus paucinervius*** is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is endemic to the Philippines.

## InfoBox

| *Semecarpus paucinervius* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Anacardiaceae |
| Genus: | *Semecarpus* |
| Species: | ***S. paucinervius*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Semecarpus paucinervius***
Merr. | |
|


title: Calendula officinalis

abstract: Calendula officinalis, the pot marigold, common marigold, ruddles, Mary's gold or Scotch marigold, is a flowering plant in the daisy family, Asteraceae. It is probably native to southern Europe, though its long history of cultivation makes its precise origin unknown. It is also widely naturalised farther north in Europe and elsewhere in warm temperate regions of the world. The Latin specific epithet officinalis refers to the plant's medicinal and herbal uses.

text:
# Calendula officinalis

***Calendula officinalis***, the **pot marigold**, **common marigold**, **ruddles**, **Mary's gold** or **Scotch marigold**, is a flowering plant in the daisy family, Asteraceae. It is probably native to southern Europe, though its long history of cultivation makes its precise origin unknown. It is also widely naturalised farther north in Europe (as far north as southern England) and elsewhere in warm temperate regions of the world.

The Latin specific epithet *officinalis* refers to the plant's medicinal and herbal uses.

## Description

*Calendula officinalis* is a short-lived aromatic herbaceous perennial, growing to 80 cm (31 in) tall, with sparsely branched lax or erect stems. The leaves are oblong-lanceolate, 5–17 cm (2–7 in) long, hairy on both sides, and with margins entire or occasionally waved or weakly toothed. The inflorescences are yellow or orange, comprising a thick capitulum or flowerhead 4–7 cm (1+12–3 in) diameter surrounded by two rows of hairy bracts; in the wild plant they have a single ring of ray florets surrounding the central disc florets. The disc florets are tubular and hermaphroditic, and generally of a more intense orange-yellow colour than the female, tridentate, peripheral ray florets. The flowers may appear all year long where conditions are suitable. The fruit is a thorny curved achene.

### Chemistry

The petals and pollen contain triterpenoid esters, as well as carotenoids flavoxanthin and auroxanthin (antioxidants and the source of the yellow-orange coloration). The leaves and stems contain other carotenoids, mostly lutein (80%), zeaxanthin (5%), and beta-carotene.

The flowers contain flavonol glycosides, triterpene oligoglycosides, oleanane-type triterpene glycosides, saponins, and a sesquiterpene glucoside.

## Ecology

Calendulas are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including cabbage moth, gothic moth, large yellow underwing, and setaceous Hebrew character.

## Cultivation

*Calendula officinalis* is widely cultivated and can be grown easily in sunny locations in most kinds of soils. Although perennial, it is commonly treated as an annual, particularly in colder regions where its winter survival is poor, and in hot summer locations where it also does not survive.

Calendulas are considered by many gardening experts as among the easiest and most versatile flowers to grow in a garden, especially because they tolerate most soils. In temperate climates, seeds are sown in spring for blooms that last throughout the summer and well into the fall. In areas of limited winter freezing, seeds are sown in autumn for winter color. Plants will wither in subtropical summer. Seeds will germinate freely in sunny or half-sunny locations, but plants do best if planted in sunny locations with rich, well-drained soil. Pot marigolds typically bloom quickly from seed (in under two months) in bright yellows, golds, and oranges.

Most cultivars have a spicy aroma. It is recommended to deadhead (remove dying flower heads) the plants regularly to maintain even blossom production.

### Cultivars

Numerous cultivars have been selected to showcase a wide range of variations, spanning from pale yellow to orange-red, and with 'double' or 'semi-double' flowerheads with ray florets replacing some or all of the disc florets. Examples include 'Alpha' (deep orange), 'Jane Harmony', 'Sun Glow' (bright yellow), 'Lemon' (pale yellow), 'Orange Prince' (orange), 'Indian Prince' (dark orange-red), 'Pink Surprise' (double, with inner florets darker than outer florets), 'Green-heart Gold' (double, bright yellow), 'Apricot Pygmy' (double light peach) and 'Chrysantha' (yellow, double). Additionally, the cultivar 'Variegata' boasts yellow variegated leaves.

The cultivar group 'Fiesta Gitana' has been honoured with the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

## Uses

Pot marigold florets are edible. They are often used to add color to salads or added to dishes as a garnish in lieu of saffron. While the leaves are also edible, they are generally not considered palatable, though historically they have been incorporated into potherb and salads. Additionally, the plant is utilized for making tea.

Flowers were used in ancient Greek, Roman, Middle Eastern, and Indian cultures as a medicinal herb, as well as a dye for fabrics, foods, and cosmetics. Many of these uses persist today. They are also used to make an oil that is widely used in skin products.

Marigold leaves can also be made into a poultice that is believed to help scratches and shallow cuts to heal faster, and to help prevent infection. It has also been used in eye drops.

Plant extracts are also widely used in cosmetics, presumably due to presence of compounds such as saponins, resins, and essential oils. The flowers are a rich source of lutein, containing 29.8 mg/100g.

### Potential pharmacology

Plant pharmacological studies have suggested that *Calendula* extracts may have anti-viral, anti-genotoxic, and anti-inflammatory properties *in vitro*. In an *in vitro* assay, the methanol extract of *C. officinalis* exhibited antibacterial activity and both the methanol and the ethanol extracts showed antifungal activities.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Calendula officinalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| UBC Botanical Garden | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | *Calendula* |
| Species: | ***C. officinalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Calendula officinalis***<br>L. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Calendula aurantiaca* Kotschy ex Boiss. * *Calendula eriocarpa* DC. * *Calendula hydruntina* (Fiori) Lanza * *Calendula prolifera* Hort. ex Steud. * *Calendula × santamariae* Font Quer * *Caltha officinalis* (L.) Moench | |


title: Eosentomon matahari

abstract: Eosentomon matahari is a species of proturan in the family Eosentomidae. It is found in Southern Asia.

text:
# Eosentomon matahari

***Eosentomon matahari*** is a species of proturan in the family Eosentomidae. It is found in Southern Asia.

## InfoBox

| *Eosentomon matahari* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Order: | Protura |
| Family: | Eosentomidae |
| Genus: | *Eosentomon* |
| Species: | ***E. matahari*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eosentomon matahari***<br>Imadaté, 1965 | |
|


title: Craspedocephalus peltopelor

abstract: Craspedocephalus peltopelor is a species of pit viper endemic to the Western Ghats region of India. It is commonly known as the southern large-scaled pit viper.

text:
# Craspedocephalus peltopelor

***Craspedocephalus peltopelor*** is a species of pit viper endemic to the Western Ghats region of India. It is commonly known as the **southern large-scaled pit viper**.

## InfoBox

| *Craspedocephalus peltopelor* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Viperidae |
| Genus: | *Craspedocephalus* |
| Species: | ***C. peltopelor*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Craspedocephalus peltopelor***<br>Mallik, Srikanthan, Ganesh, Vijayakumar, Campbell, Malhotra & Shanker, 2021 | |
|


title: Rybno, Silesian Voivodeship

abstract: Rybno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kłobuck, within Kłobuck County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Kłobuck and 72 km (45 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.

text:
# Rybno, Silesian Voivodeship

**Rybno** \[ˈrɨbnɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kłobuck, within Kłobuck County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Kłobuck and 72 km (45 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.

## InfoBox

| Rybno | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Rybno | |
| Coordinates: 50°53′32″N 18°52′13″E / 50.89222°N 18.87028°E / 50.89222; 18.87028 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Silesian |
| County | Kłobuck |
| Gmina | Kłobuck |
| Population | 177 |


title: Pine Needles Lodge and Golf Club

abstract: The Pine Needles Lodge and Golf Club is a country club in Southern Pines, North Carolina. The club's golf course was designed by Donald Ross. The club hosted the U.S. Women's Open in 1996, 2001, 2007, and 2022, and staged the last Titleholders Championship in 1972. Those tournaments were won by Annika Sörenstam, Karrie Webb, Cristie Kerr, Minjee Lee, and Sandra Palmer respectively. It hosted the 1991 U.S. Senior Women's Amateur, won by Phyllis Preuss and hosted the 2019 U.S. Senior Women's Open, won by Helen Alfredsson.

text:
# Pine Needles Lodge and Golf Club

The **Pine Needles Lodge and Golf Club** is a country club in Southern Pines, North Carolina. The club's golf course was designed by Donald Ross.

The club hosted the U.S. Women's Open in 1996, 2001, 2007, and 2022, and staged the last Titleholders Championship in 1972. Those tournaments were won by Annika Sörenstam, Karrie Webb, Cristie Kerr, Minjee Lee, and Sandra Palmer respectively. It hosted the 1991 U.S. Senior Women's Amateur, won by Phyllis Preuss and hosted the 2019 U.S. Senior Women's Open, won by Helen Alfredsson.

35°11′49″N 79°23′32″W / 35.1970°N 79.3921°W / 35.1970; -79.3921


title: Daniel Geismayr

abstract: Daniel Geismayr is an Austrian racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Mountain Bike Team Trek–Pirelli. He rode for Team Vorarlberg Santic in the men's team time trial event at the 2018 UCI Road World Championships.

text:
# Daniel Geismayr

**Daniel Geismayr** (born 28 August 1989) is an Austrian racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Mountain Bike Team Trek–Pirelli. He rode for Team Vorarlberg Santic in the men's team time trial event at the 2018 UCI Road World Championships.

## Major results

2017 1st  Overall Swiss Epic (with Jochen Käss) 7th Overall Tour de Savoie Mont Blanc 2018 7th Overall Oberösterreichrundfahrt

## InfoBox

Daniel Geismayr
| Geismayr in 2019 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Daniel Geismayr |
| Born | (1989-08-28) 28 August 1989 |
| Team information | |
| Current team | Trek–Pirelli |
| Disciplines | * Road * Cyclo-cross * Mountain biking |
| Role | Rider |
| Professional teams | |
| 2017–2020 | Team Vorarlberg |
| 2021– | Trek–Pirelli |
|  | |
| Medal record      Representing  Austria  Men's Mountain bike marathon  World Championships  2018 Auronzo di Cadore Men's race | |


title: Georgia State Route 164

abstract: State Route 164 (SR 164) is a state highway in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is entirely within Banks County.

text:
# Georgia State Route 164

**State Route 164** (**SR 164**) is a state highway in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is entirely within Banks County.

## Route description

SR 164 begins at an intersection with SR 51 in Homer. It curves to the southeast, to an intersection with SR 98 before leaving town. Southeast of Homer is a brief concurrency with US 441. The route continues to the southeast, crossing over, but not intersecting Interstate 85 (I-85), before meeting its eastern terminus, an intersection with SR 59, which leads to an interchange with I-85.

## History

The original route of SR 164 was commissioned as a three-mile (5 km) long connector in Banks County in the 1940s and extended in the early 1960s into Franklin County east to SR 106 along Bold Springs Road. The original route joined US 441/SR 15 to SR 59, serving as a cutoff between Homer and Carnesville. While the 1960s extension was retracted back to its original eastern terminus around 1989, the highway was extended again in late 2004 westward along Old US 441 as part of a business route into Homer to join SR 51.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Banks County.

| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Homer | 0.0 | 0.0 | SR 51 (Lula Road/Main Street) Lula, Carnesville | Western terminus |
| | 0.5 | 0.80 | Athens Street | Former segment of SR 98 |
| | 0.6 | 0.97 |
SR 98 south / Commerce Street/Evans Street | Northern terminus of SR 98 |
|  | 3.2 | 5.1 |

US 441 north / SR 15 north Homer | Western end of US 441/SR 15 concurrency |
|  | 3.7 | 6.0 |

US 441 south / SR 15 south Commerce | Eastern end of US 441/SR 15 concurrency |
|  | 6.9 | 11.1 |
SR 59 to I-85 Commerce, Carnesville | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Georgia State Route 164KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| State Route 164 | |
| --- | --- |
| SR 164 highlighted in red | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by GDOT | |
| Length | 6.9 mi (11.1 km) |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | SR 51 in Homer |
| Major intersections | US 441 / SR 15 southeast of Homer |
| East end | SR 59 southeast of Homer |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Georgia |
| Counties | Banks |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
| * **Georgia State Highway System** | |
| SR 163   SR 165 | |


title: Carl Püchler

abstract: Carl Püchler was a German general during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.

text:
# Carl Püchler

**Carl Püchler** (13 May 1894 – 5 February 1949) was a German general during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.

## Awards and decorations

### Citations

### Bibliography

* Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) \[1986\]. *Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile* \[*The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches*\] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.

## InfoBox

| Carl Püchler | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1894-05-13)13 May 1894 |
| Died | 5 February 1949(1949-02-05) (aged 54) |
| Allegiance | Nazi Germany |
| Service/branch | Army (Wehrmacht) |
| Rank | General of the Infantry |
| Commands | XXXIX. Panzer-Korps
LXVII. Armeekorps
LXXXVI. Armeekorps
LXXIV. Armeekorps |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross |


title: Ramrai

abstract:
Ramrai village is known for holy place because of lord rama's arrivalJind district of the state of Haryana, India. It is located on the Jind-Hansi road, 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) west of Jind. Ramrai is a traditional south-west Yaksha of the Kurukshetra region. There are various castes, living with brotherhood to each another The village's name derives from Rama's arrival. There is an old temple to Parashurama in the village..
Village Ramrai is basically famous for its swimming. A lot of national and state players comes from here in swimming. Notable people from the village include Chaudhary Dal Singh, the first Irrigation and Power Minister of Haryana, and Parminder Singh Dhull, the MLA for the Julana constituency of the Haryana Legislative Assembly for term 2009–2019 and Ravinder Singh Dhull who is State Spokesperson of Haryana Congress.

text:
# Ramrai

**Ramrai** village is known for holy place because of lord rama's arrivalJind district of the state of Haryana, India. It is located on the Jind-Hansi road, 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) west of Jind. Ramrai is a traditional south-west Yaksha of the Kurukshetra region.

There are various castes, living with brotherhood to each another The village's name derives from Rama's arrival. There is an old temple to Parashurama in the village.. Village Ramrai is basically famous for its swimming. A lot of national and state players comes from here in swimming. Notable people from the village include Chaudhary Dal Singh, the first Irrigation and Power Minister of Haryana, and Parminder Singh Dhull, the MLA for the Julana constituency of the Haryana Legislative Assembly for term 2009–2019 and Ravinder Singh Dhull who is State Spokesperson of Haryana Congress.

27°31′N 79°04′E / 27.517°N 79.067°E / 27.517; 79.067


title: Sarpourenx

abstract: Sarpourenx is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France, notable for once having forbidden death by mayoral decree.

text:
# Sarpourenx

**Sarpourenx** (French pronunciation: \[saʁpuʁɛ̃ks\]; Béarnese: *Sarporens*) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France, notable for once having forbidden death by mayoral decree.

## History

Never a large community, the population of Sarpourenx was reported as 25 households in 1385. The town was then part of the bailiwick of Larbaig.

French historian and archivist Paul Raymond (18331878) recorded the existence in Sarpourenx of an *abbaye laïque* (a small, independent parish operated for the profit of an influential local), administered by the viscounts of Béarn.

The name "Sarpourenx" is also historically attested in the variant forms "Sarporencx" (1385 Béarn census), "Sarporencxs", and "Sarporenxs" (from the 1538 and 1546 redistrictings of Béarn, respectively).

## Geography

Sarpourenx is located in the historic former province of Béarn, on the left bank of the river Gave de Pau. Its territory includes at least one small hamlet, Le Gave, and a tributary stream of the Gave de Pau, Géu Mort. Neighboring communes include Castétis (north), Argagnon (east), Biron (west), Castetner (west), Maslacq (south), and Orthez (southeast). Via road, Sarpourenx is accessible by Departmental Route 9, near exit 8 of Autoroute A64.

## Population

The demonym is *Sarpourenois* in French.

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 205 |  |
| 1975 | 199 | −0.42% |
| 1982 | 208 | +0.63% |
| 1990 | 220 | +0.70% |
| 1999 | 240 | +0.97% |
| 2007 | 269 | +1.44% |
| 2012 | 269 | +0.00% |
| 2017 | 338 | +4.67% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## Economy

Sarpourenx is part of the appellation zone for production of Ossau-Iraty, a sheep's milk cheese.

## Government

Mayors of Sarpourenx
| Term | Name |
| --- | --- |
| 19712008 | Gérard Lalanne |
| 20082020 | Emmanuelle Lacroix-Chague |
| 2020incumbent | Jean-Jacques Lascabes |

On 13 February 2008, then-mayor Gérard Lalanne issued a municipal order forbidding death within the commune's jurisdiction, threatening severe punishment for offenders. His action was a symbolic protest  Sarpourenx's small cemetery was becoming crowded, and a judge's decision had rejected the commune's request to expropriate private farmland for burial ground. Lalanne himself died ten months later.

## InfoBox

| Sarpourenx | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The road through Sarpourenx | |
| Location of Sarpourenx | |
| SarpourenxSarpourenx | |
| Coordinates: 43°27′27″N 0°42′39″W / 43.4575°N 0.7108°W / 43.4575; -0.7108 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine |
| Department | Pyrénées-Atlantiques |
| Arrondissement | Pau |
| Canton | Le Cœur de Béarn |
| Intercommunality | Lacq-Orthez |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Jean-Jacques Lascabes |
| Area**1** | 3.35 km2 (1.29 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 291 |
| Density | 87/km2 (220/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 64505 /64300 |
| Elevation | 59–78 m (194–256 ft)
(avg. 71 m or 233 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Turovice

abstract: Turovice is a municipality and village in Přerov District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants. Turovice lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Přerov, 31 km (19 mi) south-east of Olomouc, and 239 km (149 mi) east of Prague.

text:
# Turovice

**Turovice** is a municipality and village in Přerov District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

Turovice lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Přerov, 31 km (19 mi) south-east of Olomouc, and 239 km (149 mi) east of Prague.

## History

The first written mention of Turovice is from 1131.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 300 |  |
| 1880 | 288 | −4.0% |
| 1890 | 309 | +7.3% |
| 1900 | 289 | −6.5% |
| 1910 | 295 | +2.1% |
| 1921 | 312 | +5.8% |
| 1930 | 303 | −2.9% |
| 1950 | 231 | −23.8% |
| 1961 | 266 | +15.2% |
| 1970 | 259 | −2.6% |
| 1980 | 210 | −18.9% |
| 1991 | 222 | +5.7% |
| 2001 | 220 | −0.9% |
| 2011 | 211 | −4.1% |
| 2021 | 208 | −1.4% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Turovice | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Centre of Turovice with a chapel | |
|  | |
| TuroviceLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 49°25′25″N 17°34′51″E / 49.42361°N 17.58083°E / 49.42361; 17.58083 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Olomouc |
| District | Přerov |
| First mentioned | 1131 |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.63 km2 (1.40 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 238 m (781 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 244 |
| Density | 67/km2 (170/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 751 14 |
| Website | www.turovice.cz |


title: Coutts Trotter (physicist)

abstract: Coutts Trotter was a British physicist and academic administrator, vice-master of Trinity College, Cambridge from 1885.

text:
# Coutts Trotter (physicist)

**Coutts Trotter** (1 August 1837 – 4 December 1887) was a British physicist and academic administrator, vice-master of Trinity College, Cambridge from 1885.

## Life

He was the son of the stockbroker Alexander Trotter and his first wife Jacqueline Otter, daughter of William Otter, born on 1 August 1837 in Hampstead; the electrical engineer Alexander Pelham Trotter was his half-brother, and Henry Dundas Trotter his uncle. He was educated at Harrow School, and matriculated at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1855, graduating B.A. in 1859, and M.A. in 1862.

Trotter was elected a Fellow of Trinity College in 1861. In 1863 he was ordained deacon to a curacy in Kidderminster, where he stayed for two years. He then went to Heidelberg in the German Confederation to study experimental physics under Hermann von Helmholtz and Gustav Kirchhoff from 1865 to 1866. After spending some further time in Italy, he returned to Trinity College, where in 1869 he was appointed lecturer in physical science, a post which he held until 1884.

Settled in Cambridge, Trotter became an influential figure in university administrative affairs, in part because of a polymathic understanding of academic subjects. From 1874 onwards he was a member of the council of the Senate of the university. There were changes in the statutes in 1882, and his role was particularly important for the increased attention to natural science. He was a reformer, and in politics a Liberal. The drive for reform began in Trinity College itself, after William Whewell died in 1866, where Trotter had allies in Henry Sidgwick and Henry Jackson.

In Trinity, Trotter became junior dean in 1870, and senior dean in 1874. He was tutor of his college from 1872 to 1882, and was appointed its vice-master in 1885. He died unmarried in Trinity College on 4 December 1887: at the time he was president of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, and vice-president of the council of Newnham College. He left much of his library, with a bequest in money, to Trinity College, and the remainder of his library and his collection of scientific instruments to Newnham College.

## Legacy

From the time of Trotter's death, Trinity College has offered the Coutts Trotter studentship, supported by a bequest of £7,000. The chosen areas were experimental physics and physiology. It was held, for example, by Ernest Rutherford.

### Attribution

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1899). "Trotter, Coutts". *Dictionary of National Biography*. Vol. 57. London: Smith, Elder & Co.


title: Rzymiec, Rawa County

abstract: Rzymiec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sadkowice, within Rawa County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Sadkowice, 17 km (11 mi) east of Rawa Mazowiecka, and 71 km (44 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Rzymiec, Rawa County

**Rzymiec** \[ˈʐɨmjɛt͡s\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sadkowice, within Rawa County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Sadkowice, 17 km (11 mi) east of Rawa Mazowiecka, and 71 km (44 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

## InfoBox

| Rzymiec | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Rzymiec | |
| Coordinates: 51°44′41″N 20°29′1″E / 51.74472°N 20.48361°E / 51.74472; 20.48361 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Rawa |
| Gmina | Sadkowice |


title: Pierre d'Hugues

abstract: Pierre Georges Louis Gaston d'Hugues was a French fencer who competed in the early 20th century. He participated in Fencing at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris and successfully fought his way through the preliminary heats, the quarter-finals and the semi-finals reaching the foil final. He finished in fifth place overall. He also competed in fencing in the 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens, winning a gold medal in the team épée event and a bronze medal in the foil event.

text:
# Pierre d'Hugues

**Pierre Georges Louis Gaston d'Hugues** (November 8, 1873 in Orléans – August 21, 1961 in Versailles) was a French fencer who competed in the early 20th century.

He participated in Fencing at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris and successfully fought his way through the preliminary heats, the quarter-finals and the semi-finals reaching the foil final. He finished in fifth place overall.

He also competed in fencing in the 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens, winning a gold medal in the team épée event and a bronze medal in the foil event.

1. "Pierre Georges Louis d'Hugues". *Olympedia*. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
2. Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Pierre d'Hugues". *Olympics at Sports-Reference.com*. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 2020-04-17. Retrieved 2010-03-31.

## InfoBox

Pierre d'Hugues
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Men's fencing | | |
| Representing  France | | |
| Intercalated Games | | |
|  | 1906 Athens | Team épée |
|  | 1906 Athens | Individual foil |


title: Daniel Isaachsen (physicist)

abstract: Daniel Isaachsen was a Norwegian physicist. He was born in London as the son of military officer Isak Tobias Isaachsen and Fredrikke Andrea Rude. He was a great-grandson of Isaach Isaachsen, brother of scientist Haakon Isaachsen and scientist Isak Isaachsen, nephew of painter Olaf Isaachsen and cousin of painter Herman Willoch and naval officer Odd Isaachsen Willoch. In 1861 he married Asta Lie, a daughter of Jonas Lie. He finished his education in 1877 and graduated from university with the cand.real. degree in 1883. He started his career as an assistant at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, where he stayed from 1889, interrupted by a period in Berlin from 1886 to 1887. He was hired as a research fellow at the Royal Frederick University in 1889, and from 1891 he worked as a teacher and lecturer. He first worked at Trondhjem Technical School from 1891 to 1893, then at the Norwegian Naval Academy from 1893. He directed the Norwegian Metrology Service from 1914 to 1929. He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. He wrote textbooks like Lærebog i fysik for realgymnasiet og tekniske skoler, and popular science books like Elektriciteten: en populær fremstilling from 1897.

text:
# Daniel Isaachsen (physicist)

**Daniel Isaachsen** (23 June 1859 – 29 March 1940) was a Norwegian physicist.

He was born in London as the son of military officer Isak Tobias Isaachsen and Fredrikke Andrea Rude. He was a great-grandson of Isaach Isaachsen, brother of scientist Haakon Isaachsen and scientist Isak Isaachsen, nephew of painter Olaf Isaachsen and cousin of painter Herman Willoch and naval officer Odd Isaachsen Willoch. In 1861 he married Asta Lie, a daughter of Jonas Lie.

He finished his education in 1877 and graduated from university with the cand.real. degree in 1883. He started his career as an assistant at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, where he stayed from 1889, interrupted by a period in Berlin from 1886 to 1887. He was hired as a research fellow at the Royal Frederick University in 1889, and from 1891 he worked as a teacher and lecturer. He first worked at Trondhjem Technical School from 1891 to 1893, then at the Norwegian Naval Academy from 1893. He directed the Norwegian Metrology Service from 1914 to 1929.

He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. He wrote textbooks like *Lærebog i fysik for realgymnasiet og tekniske skoler* (first time in 1903, from 1909 together with Gabriel Gabrielsen Holtsmark), and popular science books like *Elektriciteten: en populær fremstilling* from 1897.


title: George Upton, 3rd Viscount Templetown

abstract: General George Frederick Upton, 3rd Viscount Templetown, styled The Honourable George Upton until 1863, was an Irish soldier and politician.

text:
# George Upton, 3rd Viscount Templetown

General **George Frederick Upton, 3rd Viscount Templetown** GCB (5 August 1802 – 4 January 1890), styled **The Honourable George Upton** until 1863, was an Irish soldier and politician.

## Military career

Upton was the second son of John Upton, 1st Viscount Templetown of Botleys, Surrey and Lady Mary Montagu, daughter of John Montagu, 5th Earl of Sandwich

He joined the British Army in 1823 and was promoted lieutenant in 1825, captain in 1826, major in 1837, and lieutenant-colonel in 1841, all in the 62nd Foot, with the exception of the period 13 February 1827 to 8 June 1830 when serving as a Captain with 60th rifles.

In 1842 he transferred to be captain and lieutenant-colonel in the Coldstream Guards. He was a major and brevet colonel in command of 1st Battalion in the Crimea in 1854–55, taking part in the Battles of the Alma and Inkerman and was made CB in 1855 and major general in 1858. He was made a commander of the Legion of Honour in 1856 and awarded the Order of the Medjidie (fourth class) in 1858.

In 1859 he was returned to parliament for County Antrim, a seat he held until 1863, when he succeeded his childless elder brother in the viscountcy. In 1866 he was elected an Irish representative peer.

Promoted lieutenant-general, he became general officer commanding Western District at Devonport in January 1865 and general officer commanding Southern District at Portsmouth in August 1870.

He was briefly colonel of the 90th Foot in 1862 before transferring to be colonel of 2nd Battalion, 60th Rifles from 1862 to 1876 and then the 2nd Life Guards from 1876 until his death in 1890. He was elevated to KCB in 1869 and promoted full general on 6 April 1873. He was further elevated to GCB in 1886.

Lord Templetown died in January 1890, aged 87, and was buried at Castle Upton, County Antrim. He had married Susan Woodford, the daughter of Field Marshal Sir Alexander Woodford GCB and was succeeded in the viscountcy by his nephew, Henry, son of his younger brother Edward John Upton.

## InfoBox

| The Viscount Templetown | |
| --- | --- |
| Viscount Templetown caricatured by Carlo Pellegrini (Ape) for Vanity Fair in 1888 | |
| Born | 5 August 1802 |
| Died | 4 January 1890 (1890-01-05) (aged 87) |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service/branch | British Army |
| Rank | General |
| Commands | Western District<br>Southern District |
| Battles/wars | Crimean War |
| Awards | GCB |


title: Carl Pantin

abstract: Carl Frederick Abel Pantin FRS was a British zoologist. He was educated at Tonbridge School and Christ's College, Cambridge. In 1937, he won the Trail Medal of the Linnean Society, was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1937, won one of its Royal Medals in 1950. Pantin was president of the Linnean Society 1958 - 1961, and won the Linnean Medal, with Richard E. Holttum, in 1964. He was Professor of Zoology, Cambridge University from 1959 to 1966, and president of the Marine Biological Association from 1960 to 1966. Pantin was married to Amy Moir Philip Smith, the sister of botanist Edith Philip Smith.

text:
# Carl Pantin

**Carl Frederick Abel Pantin** FRS (30 March 1899  14 January 1967) was a British zoologist. He was educated at Tonbridge School and Christ's College, Cambridge.

In 1937, he won the Trail Medal of the Linnean Society, was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1937, won one of its Royal Medals in 1950. Pantin was president of the Linnean Society 1958 - 1961, and won the Linnean Medal, with Richard E. Holttum, in 1964. He was Professor of Zoology, Cambridge University from 1959 to 1966, and president of the Marine Biological Association from 1960 to 1966.

Pantin was married to Amy Moir Philip Smith (see image of 1939 register), the sister of botanist Edith Philip Smith.

## Cosmo-Darwinism

Pointing to the serendipitous qualities for the emergence of life of such substances as carbon and water, Pantin in 1965 postulated the existence of multiple universes, from which ours had been selected on a principle “analogous to the principle of Natural Selection \- an early anticipation of the anthropic principle.


title: Rampurwa, Parasi

abstract: Rampurwa is a village development committee in Nawalparasi District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. At the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 3,689 people living in 542 households.

text:
# Rampurwa, Parasi

**Rampurwa**  is a village development committee in Nawalparasi District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. At the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 3,689 people living in 542 households.

1. "Nepal Census 2001". *Nepal's Village Development Committees*. Digital Himalaya. Retrieved 18 December 2008.

29°13′N 80°58′E / 29.217°N 80.967°E / 29.217; 80.967

## InfoBox

| Rampurwa रामपुर्वा | |
| --- | --- |
| Village development committee | |
| Country | Nepal |
| Zone | Lumbini Zone |
| District | Nawalparasi District |
| Population (1991) | |
| Total | 8,820 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:45 (Nepal Time) |


title: Sarpong

abstract:
Sarpong is an Ashanti surname. It means supreme. The first part of the name SA is of Arabic root and means supreme. While the second part, 'Pong', is Akan and also means supreme. The first syllable 'SA' is also an Akan word meaning 'War'. 'Pɔn' means great or supreme. So Sarpong or Sapɔn means 'Great Warrior' or supreme warrior. On the other hand, the name also refers to a person born during a great war. Notable people with surname include:
  - Nana Akuoko Sarpong, Ɔmanhene of Agogo, Asante Akyem.
  - Michael Sarpong, Ghanaian footballer
  - Jeffrey Sarpong, Ghanaian-Dutch professional footballer
  - June Sarpong, English television presenter
  - Kweku Sarpong Plahar better known as Zigi, Ghanaian singer
  - Richmond Sarpong, Ghanaian-American chemist
  - Sam Sarpong (1979–2015), English-American actor and model

text:
# Sarpong

**Sarpong** is an Ashanti surname. It means supreme. The first part of the name SA is of Arabic root and means supreme. While the second part, 'Pong', is Akan and also means supreme. The first syllable 'SA' is also an Akan word meaning 'War'. 'Pɔn' means great or supreme. So Sarpong or Sapɔn means 'Great Warrior' or supreme warrior. On the other hand, the name also refers to a person born during a great war. Notable people with surname include:


title: Pyrimidodiazepine synthase

abstract:
In enzymology, a pyrimidodiazepine synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
  - a pyrimidodiazepine + glutathione disulfide + H2O ⇌ 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin + 2 glutathione The 3 substrates of this enzyme are pyrimidodiazepine, glutathione disulfide, and H2O, whereas its two products are 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin and glutathione. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-NH group of donors with a disulfide as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is pyrimidodiazepine:glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include PDA synthase, pyrimidodiazepine:oxidized-glutathione oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in glutathione metabolism.

text:
# Pyrimidodiazepine synthase

In enzymology, a **pyrimidodiazepine synthase** (EC 1.5.4.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

a pyrimidodiazepine + glutathione disulfide + H2O $\rightleftharpoons $ 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin + 2 glutathione

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are pyrimidodiazepine, glutathione disulfide, and H2O, whereas its two products are 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin and glutathione.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-NH group of donors with a disulfide as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is **pyrimidodiazepine:glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase (ring-opening, cyclizing)**. Other names in common use include **PDA synthase**, **pyrimidodiazepine:oxidized-glutathione oxidoreductase (ring-opening,**, and **cyclizing)**. This enzyme participates in glutathione metabolism.

* Wiederrecht GJ, Brown GM (1984). "Purification and properties of the enzymes from Drosophila melanogaster that catalyze the conversion of dihydroneopterin triphosphate to the pyrimidodiazepine precursor of the drosopterins". *J. Biol. Chem*. **259** (22): 14121–7. PMID 6438092.

## InfoBox

| pyrimidodiazepine synthase | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 1.5.4.1 |
| CAS no. | 93586-06-2 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |


title: Cricket Girls & Beer

abstract: Cricket Girls & Beer is a 2011 Indian Telugu-language coming-of-age film directed by Umesh Kumar and starring newcomers Aadarsh Balakrishna, Surya Tej, Naga Shaurya, and Sindhu Affan.

text:
# Cricket Girls & Beer

***Cricket Girls & Beer*** is a 2011 Indian Telugu-language coming-of-age film directed by Umesh Kumar and starring newcomers Aadarsh Balakrishna, Surya Tej, Naga Shaurya, and Sindhu Affan.

## Cast

## Production

This is the second venture of Umesh Kumar, who previously directed *Circus Circus* (2009). The film is set in a college campus and features several new faces including cricketer Aadarsh Balakrishna and Surya Tej, who played a supporting role in *Vinayakudu*.

## Soundtrack

Music by Das and Shyam Vai.

Track listing
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Singer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Happy Happy Sangeethalu" | Satish Banala | Karthik | 4:07 |
| 2. | "Mayrupye Mayresena" | Satish Banala | Karthik Nagarajan | 4:52 |
| 3. | "Shatruvai Yadhuta Inlluchuna" | Satish Banala | Shankar Mahadevan | 5:04 |
| 4. | "Ra Ra Rajakumara" | Satish Banala | Suchitra | 4:56 |
| 5. | "Gunday Chattu Badhey" | Satish Banala | Sonu Nigam | 5:48 |
| 6. | "Cricket Girls And Beer" | Satish Banala | Abhishek, Vicky | 3:20 |
| Total length: | | | | 28:07 |

## Release and reception

The film was scheduled to release on 27 September, but was postponed to 30 September. Y. Sunitha Chowdhury of *The Hindu* opined that "He \[Adarsh Balakrishna\] and Surya Tej are resolutely superficial, Naga Shourya should try and be an original instead of imitating Prabhas and Mahesh Babu". A critic from *Full Hyderabad* opined that "In sum, this is a film that will not have takers even among TV channels".

## InfoBox

| Cricket Girls & Beer | |
| --- | --- |
| Official poster | |
| Directed by | S. Umesh Kumar |
| Produced by | S. Sunitha |
| Starring |  |
| Music by | Shyam<br>Das |
| Release date | * 30 September 2011 (2011-09-30) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Telugu |


title: Rybníky (Příbram District)

abstract: Rybníky is a municipality and village in Příbram District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.

text:
# Rybníky (Příbram District)

**Rybníky** is a municipality and village in Příbram District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.

## Administrative parts

The villages of Budín and Libice are administrative parts of Rybníky.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 438 |  |
| 1880 | 461 | +5.3% |
| 1890 | 462 | +0.2% |
| 1900 | 453 | −1.9% |
| 1910 | 451 | −0.4% |
| 1921 | 423 | −6.2% |
| 1930 | 388 | −8.3% |
| 1950 | 250 | −35.6% |
| 1961 | 243 | −2.8% |
| 1970 | 244 | +0.4% |
| 1980 | 259 | +6.1% |
| 1991 | 260 | +0.4% |
| 2001 | 270 | +3.8% |
| 2011 | 374 | +38.5% |
| 2021 | 458 | +22.5% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Rybníky | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Chapel of Saint John of Nepomuk | |
|  | |
| RybníkyLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 49°45′10″N 14°12′21″E / 49.75278°N 14.20583°E / 49.75278; 14.20583 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Central Bohemian |
| District | Příbram |
| First mentioned | 1603 |
| Area | |
| Total | 5.65 km2 (2.18 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 337 m (1,106 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 485 |
| Density | 86/km2 (220/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 263 01 |
| Website | rybniky.net |


title: Sanctimommy

abstract: Sanctimommy is a portmanteau of two words, sanctimonious and mommy. The word is a colloquialism used to refer to a person, usually a female, who has very opinionated views on child rearing and presents them upfront without any sense of humility.

text:
# Sanctimommy

**Sanctimommy** is a portmanteau of two words, *sanctimonious* and *mommy*. The word is a colloquialism used to refer to a person, usually a female, who has very opinionated views on child rearing and presents them upfront without any sense of humility.

## Occurrence

Generally speaking the word has been used in the blogosphere, to refer to people who give their opinions in a fashion that provokes anger, and seems to be condescending.


title: Taboo (film series)

abstract: Taboo is a pornographic movie series of the 1980s and 1990s, which eroticizes father-daughter & mother-son incest. It stars Kay Parker among others, and was directed by Kirdy Stevens among others.

text:
# Taboo (film series)

***Taboo*** is a pornographic movie series of the 1980s and 1990s, which eroticizes father-daughter & mother-son incest. It stars Kay Parker among others, and was directed by Kirdy Stevens among others.

## Awards

| Year | Award | Category | Actor/Actress | Film |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1985 | AFAA Award | Best Supporting Actor | John Leslie | *Taboo 5* |
| 1987 | AVN Award | Best Total Sexual Content - Film |  | *Taboo 4* |
| 1987 | XRCO Award | Best Supporting Actress | Amber Lynn | *Taboo 5* |
| 1989 | AVN Award | Best Music - Film |  | *Taboo 6* |
| 2002 | AVN Award | Best Anal Sex Scene - Film | Nicole Sheridan & Voodoo | *Taboo 20* |
| 2002 | AVN Award | Best Overall Marketing Campaign - Film |  | *Taboo 20* |
|  | XRCO Hall of Fame | induction |  | *Taboo* |

## Memoirs

* Kay Parker: *Taboo: Sacred, Don't Touch* (a book where she talks about her past career in adult movies and her experiences with the Metaphysical)


title: Sandeep Sharma

abstract: Sandeep Sharma is an Indian cricketer who plays domestic cricket for Chandigarh. He is a right-arm medium pace bowler. Sharma has represented India at two Under-19 World Cups – 2010 and 2012. He was a key member of the Indian under-19 team which emerged as winners of the 2012 Under-19 Cricket World Cup. He was signed up by Kings XI Punjab in 2013 following his bowling performances at the 2012 Under-19 World Cup. He has built a reputation for bowling yorkers and for his ability to swing the ball. His bowling style is often compared to that of another former Indian bowler Praveen Kumar. Sandeep Sharma has showcased his consistency and effectiveness as a bowler throughout the years in IPL and is often considered as underrated despite his performances.

text:
# Sandeep Sharma

**Sandeep Sharma** (born 18 May 1993) is an Indian cricketer who plays domestic cricket for Chandigarh. He is a right-arm medium pace bowler. Sharma has represented India at two Under-19 World Cups – 2010 and 2012. He was a key member of the Indian under-19 team which emerged as winners of the 2012 Under-19 Cricket World Cup. He was signed up by Kings XI Punjab in 2013 following his bowling performances at the 2012 Under-19 World Cup. He has built a reputation for bowling yorkers and for his ability to swing the ball. His bowling style is often compared to that of another former Indian bowler Praveen Kumar. Sandeep Sharma has showcased his consistency and effectiveness as a bowler throughout the years in IPL and is often considered as underrated despite his performances.

## Early career

Sandeep began his career as a batsman for his school in Patiala before being convinced by his coach to switch to seam bowling. He played a huge role in India's victory over hosts Australia during the 2012 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup final where he was the pick of the bowlers in the final claiming four wickets in a ten-over spell which included two maidens conceding 58 runs and his bowling spell restricted Australia to 225/8 before India chased down the total comfortably by six wickets. He dismissed future Australian Internationals Cameron Bancroft and Ashton Turner. He was also the joint highest wicket-taker for India with 12 scalps at the 2012 Under-19 Cricket World Cup.

He was also the joint highest wicket-taker for India with 12 scalps in 2012 Under-19 Cricket World Cup.

By the age of 21, Sandeep had gained a reputation as a swing bowler. He also received praise from former Australian wicketkeeper-batsman Adam Gilchrist for his ability to hoop the ball around. Bharat Arun and Ramakrishnan Sridhar coached him during his formative years at the National Cricket Academy.

## Indian Premier League

Sharma took three wickets for 21 runs on his IPL debut match when he played for Kings XI Punjab against Sunrisers Hyderabad on 11 May 2013. He enjoyed a stellar run during the 2014 Indian Premier League season with Kings XI Punjab taking 18 wickets in 11 matches and was also the leading wicket-taker for Kings XI Punjab during that season. During his tenure Kings XI Punjab competed in their first ever IPL final which they eventually lost to Kolkata Knight Riders.

In the 2017 edition of the IPL, Sharma claimed 3/22 from his four overs against Royal Challengers Bangalore and in the process became the first bowler to get the trio of Chris Gayle, Virat Kohli and AB de Villiers out in the same game. He spent his first six IPL seasons with Kings XI Punjab with whom he gained fair share of success by grabbing 73 wickets including 40 wickets in the powerplay overs while taking 20 wickets in the death overs. He picked up 39 wickets in his first three IPL seasons which eventually got him an Indian call-up.

In January 2018, he was bought by the Sunrisers Hyderabad in the 2018 IPL auction. In February 2022, he was bought by the Punjab Kings in the auction for the 2022 Indian Premier League tournament. In March 2023, he was brought in by Rajasthan Royals for the 2023 Indian Premier League as an injury replacement for Prasidh Krishna after initially being unsold in the 2023 IPL Auction. He made his comeback in 2023 IPL season as he was tasked as the main reliable frontline bowler for Rajasthan Royals to deliver in the powerplay and in the death. He holds the record of being the second best bowler in powerplay overs in the history of IPL with a tally of 55 wickets only second behind Bhuvneshwar Kumar. He featured in the 1000th IPL match and in the match against Mumbai Indians, he dismissed Mumbai Indians captain Rohit Sharma for the fifth time in his IPL career.

## International career

After his impressive domestic season with Punjab and Kings XI Punjab, Sharma was picked in the 15-man squad for the limited overs tour of Zimbabwe in July 2015. He made his Twenty20 International debut against Zimbabwe on 17 July 2015. However, he was not able to live up to the expectations in both the T20Is against Zimbabwe where he leaked many runs. He also endured several back injuries and shoulder problems which eventually cut short his international career. He suffered a stress fracture followed by a shoulder injury which kept him out of the sport for roughly 18 months.

## InfoBox

Sandeep Sharma
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Sandeep Sharma |
| Born | (1993-05-18) 18 May 1993<br>Patiala, Punjab, India |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm fast medium |
| Role | Bowler |
| International information | |
| National side |  |
| T20I debut (cap 54) | 17 July 2015 v Zimbabwe |
| Last T20I | 19 July 2015 v Zimbabwe |
| T20I shirt no. | 66 |
|  | |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 2011–2021 | Punjab |
| 2013–2017, 2022 | Punjab Kings *(squad no. 66)* |
| 2018–2021 | Sunrisers Hyderabad *(squad no. 66)* |
| 2022 | Chandigarh |
| 2023-present | Rajasthan Royals |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition T20I FC LA T20  Matches 2 46 54 148  Runs scored 1 560 178 101  Batting average  10.37 17.80 11.22  100s/50s 0/0 0/1 0/0 0/0  Top score 1\* 51 26\* 13\*  Balls bowled 42 9,489 2,774 3,225  Wickets 1 168 85 161  Bowling average 73.00 27.17 26.07 25.03  5 wickets in innings 0 9 3 0  10 wickets in match 0 1 0 0  Best bowling 1/39 7/25 7/19 5/18  Catches/stumpings 0/– 12/– 19/– 28/– | |
|  | |
| Source: ESPNcricinfo, 13 December 2021 | |


title: Eugen Dücker

abstract: Eugen Gustav Dücker was a Baltic German painter, in the Romantic style, associated with the Düsseldorfer Malerschule.

text:
# Eugen Dücker

**Eugen Gustav Dücker** (also *Eugène Gustav Dücker*; 10 February \[O.S. 29 January\] 1841 – 6 December 1916) was a Baltic German painter, in the Romantic style, associated with the Düsseldorfer Malerschule.

## Biography

He was born to Eduard Dücker (1813–1886), a master carpenter, and his wife, Amalie née Fischer (1810–1880). His younger sister, Marie, also became a painter. His first drawing lessons were with the lithographer, Friedrich Sigismund Stern.

From 1858 to 1862, he was enrolled at the Imperial Academy of Arts in Saint Petersburg. There, he studied sculpture with David Jensen, and landscape painting with Sokrat Vorobiev. Upon graduating, he was awarded a six-year grant for a study trip through Europe. He made lengthy stops in Munich and Karlsruhe, where he took lessons from Karl Friedrich Lessing.

In 1864, he went to Düsseldorf, and would remain there for the rest of his life. He began taking students; notably the Norwegian landscape artist, Adelsteen Normann, and succeeded Oswald Achenbach as the landscape instructor at the Kunstakademie in 1872. Two years later, he married Regina Schneeloch. In his later years, he was a member of the progressive artists' association, Malkasten.

His well known pupils at the Akademie included Heinrich Hermanns, Franz Korwan, Georg Macco, Otto Modersohn, Fritz Overbeck, Edgar Meyer, Heinrich Petersen-Angeln, Oskar Hoffmann and Carl Wuttke. Despite his career's roots in Germany, he spent much of his time in Estonia, where he painted idyllic landscapes of the sea and the countryside. He also made numerous trips to Holland, Belgium, France and Italy.

Perhaps his best known painting is *Coastal landscape (Fishermen going home)*.

## Further reading

* *Dücker, Eugen Gustav*. In: Wilhelm Neumann: *Lexikon baltischer Künstler*. Riga 1908, pg.37 f.
* Walter Cohen: "Dücker, Eugène Gustav". In: Ulrich Thieme (Ed.): *Allgemeines Lexikon der Bildenden Künstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart*, Vol.10: Dubolon–Erlwein. E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1914, pg.52 (Online)
* Kuno Hagen: *Lexikon deutschbaltischer bildender Künstler. 20. Jahrhundert*, Verlag Wissenschaft und Politik, Cologne, 1983, ISBN 3-8046-0101-4, pg.33
* "Eugen Dücker",' In: Hans Paffrath (Ed.): *Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule 1819–1918.* Vol.1: *Abbema–Gurlitt*, Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, Bruckmann, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-7654-3009-9, pp. 293–298

## InfoBox

| Eugen Dücker | |
| --- | --- |
| Dücker in 1885 | |
| Born | Eugen Gustav Dücker
10 February \[O.S. 29 January\] 1841
Arensburg, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire |
| Died | 6 December 1916
Düsseldorf, German Empire |
| Nationality | Baltic German |
| Education | Member Academy of Arts (1868)
Professor by rank (1873) |
| Alma mater | Imperial Academy of Arts (1862) |
| Known for | painting |
| Awards |  |


title: Savage Range

abstract: Savage Range (1938) is a Western novel, written by Luke Short. The story is set in northern New Mexico, probably in the 19th century. Jim Wade is hired by Max Bonsell to drive away the landgrabbers from the ranch. His aim is to complete the job using as little force as possible. But when his own employer frames him for a massacre of thirteen landgrabbers, Jim Wade turns fugitive with a lynch posse at his heels. He has to keep alive to prove his innocence and get even with his former boss.

text:
# Savage Range

***Savage Range*** (1938) is a Western novel, written by Luke Short. The story is set in northern New Mexico, probably in the 19th century. Jim Wade is hired by Max Bonsell to drive away the landgrabbers from the ranch. His aim is to complete the job using as little force as possible. But when his own employer frames him for a massacre of thirteen landgrabbers, Jim Wade turns fugitive with a lynch posse at his heels. He has to keep alive to prove his innocence and get even with his former boss.

## InfoBox

Savage Range
| Author | Luke Short (writer) |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Western fiction |
| Publisher | Dell |
| Publication date | 1938 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Paperback) |
| Pages | 192 |
| ISBN | 0440179637 |


title: Eonia

abstract: Eonia was computed as a weighted average of all overnight unsecured lending transactions in the interbank market, undertaken in the European Union and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries by a Panel of banks subject to the Eonia Code of Conduct. It was reported on an ACT/360 day count convention and displayed to three decimal places. "Overnight" means from one TARGET day to the next. Eonia reference rates were calculated by the European Central Bank, based on all overnight interbank assets created before the close of RTGS systems at 6pm CET, and published through GRSS every day before 7pm CET. It can be found under the ISIN identifier EU0009659945. EONIA was replaced by the Euro Short-Term Rate (€STR), published by the ECB since 2nd of October 2019.

text:
# Eonia

**Eonia** (**Euro Overnight Index Average**) was computed as a weighted average of all overnight unsecured lending transactions in the interbank market, undertaken in the European Union and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries by a Panel of banks (the same as for Euribor) subject to the Eonia Code of Conduct.

It was reported on an ACT/360 day count convention and displayed to three decimal places. "Overnight" means from one TARGET day (i.e. day on which the **T**rans-European **A**utomated **R**eal-time **G**ross Settlement **E**xpress **T**ransfer system is open) to the next.

*Eonia reference rates* were calculated by the European Central Bank, based on all overnight interbank assets created before the close of RTGS systems at 6pm CET, and published through GRSS (Global Rate Set Systems) every day before 7pm CET. It can be found under the ISIN identifier EU0009659945.

EONIA was replaced by the Euro Short-Term Rate (€STR), published by the ECB since 2nd of October 2019.

1. "About Eonia® | The European Money Markets Institute (EMMI)". *www.emmi-benchmarks.eu*. Retrieved 2023-12-13.
2. "Overnight Indexed Swaps" (PDF). Credit Swiss. 2001-12-11. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 1, 2007. Retrieved 2008-07-16.
3. Bank, European Central (7 April 2021). "ECB information about the Euro short-term rate (€STR)".


title: Rybník (Ústí nad Orlicí District)

abstract: Rybník is a municipality and village in Ústí nad Orlicí District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 800 inhabitants. Rybník lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Ústí nad Orlicí, 53 km (33 mi) east of Pardubice, and 149 km (93 mi) east of Prague.

text:
# Rybník (Ústí nad Orlicí District)

**Rybník** is a municipality and village in Ústí nad Orlicí District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 800 inhabitants.

Rybník lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Ústí nad Orlicí, 53 km (33 mi) east of Pardubice, and 149 km (93 mi) east of Prague.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 1,002 |  |
| 1880 | 925 | −7.7% |
| 1890 | 937 | +1.3% |
| 1900 | 934 | −0.3% |
| 1910 | 984 | +5.4% |
| 1921 | 991 | +0.7% |
| 1930 | 1,071 | +8.1% |
| 1950 | 1,085 | +1.3% |
| 1961 | 1,010 | −6.9% |
| 1970 | 916 | −9.3% |
| 1980 | 874 | −4.6% |
| 1991 | 746 | −14.6% |
| 2001 | 747 | +0.1% |
| 2011 | 808 | +8.2% |
| 2021 | 811 | +0.4% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Rybník | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Homestead No. 57, a cultural monument | |
|  | |
| RybníkLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 49°53′19″N 16°28′28″E / 49.88861°N 16.47444°E / 49.88861; 16.47444 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Pardubice |
| District | Ústí nad Orlicí |
| First mentioned | 1292 |
| Area | |
| Total | 11.13 km2 (4.30 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 385 m (1,263 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 842 |
| Density | 76/km2 (200/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 560 02 |
| Website | www.rybnik.cz |


title: Santokhgarh

abstract: Santokhgarh is a town and a Municipal Council, nagar panchayat in Una district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.

text:
# Santokhgarh

**Santokhgarh** is a town and a Municipal Council, nagar panchayat in Una district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.

## Geography

Santokhgarh is located at 31°22′N 76°19′E / 31.37°N 76.32°E / 31.37; 76.32. It has an average elevation of 322 metres (1,056 ft).

## People

The population is mainly a mix of Hindus and Sikhs, along with a small number of Muslims.

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Santokhgarh had a population of 8,308. Males constituted 51% of the population and females 49%. Santokhgarh has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 62%. In Santokhgarh, 13% of the population is under six years of age.

## Temples

Santokhgarh has a number of temples, including Gurudwara Shaheeda Singhaa'n, Gurudwara Singh Sabha, Shri Baba Nanga Temple, temple of Vishvakarma, Shri Guru Ravidass Mandir, Gita Bhawan Mandir, Khawaja Mandir, Shani Dev Mandir, Hanuman Mandir, and Shiv Mandir.

1. Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Santokhgarh
2. "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.

## InfoBox

| Santokhgarh | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| SantokhgarhLocation in Himachal Pradesh, IndiaSantokhgarhSantokhgarh (India) | |
| Coordinates: 31°22′N 76°19′E / 31.37°N 76.32°E / 31.37; 76.32 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Himachal Pradesh |
| District | Una |
| Founded by | King Santokh Singh |
| Elevation | 322 m (1,056 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 8,308 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |


title: Pink Triangle Trust

abstract: The Pink Triangle Trust is a UK-registered charity that offers educational materials about LBGTQ issues and the application of humanism to the study of these issues. Its long-standing secretary was George Broadhead.

text:
# Pink Triangle Trust

The **Pink Triangle Trust** is a UK-registered charity that offers educational materials about LBGTQ issues and the application of humanism to the study of these issues. Its long-standing secretary was George Broadhead.

## History

The Trust was established in 1992. It is named after the pink triangle, a symbol originally used as a badge in Nazi concentration camps to identify gay men, but which has since become an international symbol of gay pride and the gay rights movement. The Pink Triangle Trust offered affirmation ceremonies for same sex couples.

## *Gay & Lesbian Humanist*

The PTT was the publisher of *Gay & Lesbian Humanist* magazine, more commonly known as *G&LH*. From 1994 to 2005, *G&LH* was a print-only magazine, and was published quarterly. During this time, it was edited by George Broadhead (1994–2000) and Andy Armitage (2000–2005). In 2008, *G&LH* was relaunched as an online-only magazine, with Mike Foxwell as its editor. The *Gay Humanist Quarterly* (*GHQ*) replaced the *G&LH* when South African journalist Brett Lock took over the editorship from 2005 – 2007.

In 2011, the PTT launched a new on-line magazine, *The Pink Humanist*, under the editorship of veteran gay journalist Barry Duke, who also edits the *Freethinker* magazine.

The PTT also has a presence on Facebook.

## InfoBox

Pink Triangle Trust (PTT)
| Website | http://www.thepinktriangletrust.com |
| --- | --- |


title: Taboo (group)

abstract: Taboo was a Eurodance group formed in Germany. It was created by producers Nico Dee-Brunetti and Piero Brunetti. They released one single, "I Dream of You Tonight". It peaked at number 92 on the German Singles Chart and reached number-one on the RPM Dance Chart in Canada.

text:
# Taboo (group)

**Taboo** was a Eurodance group formed in Germany. It was created by producers Nico Dee-Brunetti and Piero Brunetti. They released one single, "I Dream of You Tonight (Bab Ba Ba Bab)". It peaked at number 92 on the German Singles Chart and reached number-one on the *RPM* Dance Chart in Canada.

## Discography

### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | CAN
Dance
 | GER
 | |
| 1995 | "I Dream of You Tonight (Bab Ba Ba Bab)" | 1 | 92 | Single only |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

## InfoBox

| Taboo | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Germany |
| Genres | Eurodance |
| Years active | 1995 |
| Labels | Dance Pool |
|  | |
| Past members | Nico Dee-Brunetti
Piero Brunetti |


title: Georgia State Route 231

abstract: State Route 231 (SR 231) is a 20.6-mile-long (33.2 km) north-south state highway in the central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It travels entirely within Washington County. It serves as a de facto bypass or alternate route for travelers who desired to bypass Sandersville.

text:
# Georgia State Route 231

**State Route 231** (**SR 231**) is a 20.6-mile-long (33.2 km) north-south state highway in the central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It travels entirely within Washington County. It serves as a *de facto* bypass or alternate route for travelers who desired to bypass Sandersville.

## Route description

SR 231 begins at an intersection with SR 15 southwest of Harrison. Here, the roadway continues as Harts Ford Road. The highway travels northeast, traveling through Harrison. It continues northeast and turns north, until it reaches the town of Riddleville. In Riddleville, it heads northeast, intersecting SR 242 (Bartow Road). The route heads north-northeast and turns northeast to Davisboro, where it intersects SR 24 just before leaving town. It heads north-northwest to meets its northern terminus, an intersection with SR 88/SR 540 (Fall Line Freeway). Here, the roadway continues as Tree Nursery Road.

SR 231 is not part of the National Highway System, a system of routes determined to be the most important for the nation's economy, mobility and defense.

## History

The roadway that would eventually become SR 231 was established in 1940 as SR 24 Spur along a short alignment from Downtown Davisboro to the intersection with SR 24 in the northern part of the city. In 1943, SR 24 Spur was redesignated as SR 231, and was extended to its current southern terminus. In 1944, the original section of the road was paved. In 1951, a short section southwest of Harrison was paved. By September 1953, the entire section from the southern terminus to Harrison was paved. The next year, a very brief section just northeast of Harrison was paved. By 1957, the entire section from Riddleville to SR 24 was paved, and by 1960, the road was paved from its southern terminus to SR 24. On the 1966 GDOT road map, the roadway that would eventually become the northern part of SR 231 from Davisboro to its northern terminus was displayed as a "connecting road". By 1991, this roadway was paved and designated as the northern extension of SR 231.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Washington County.

| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 0.0 | 0.0 | SR 15 / Harts Ford Road south Wrightsville, Sandersville | Southern terminus; roadway continues as Harts Ford Road. |
| Riddleville | 10.2 | 16.4 | SR 242 (Bartow Road) Sandersville, Bartow |  |
| Davisboro | 17.2 | 27.7 | SR 24 Sandersville, Louisville |  |
|  | 20.6 | 33.2 | SR 88 / SR 540 (Fall Line Freeway) / Tree Nursery Road north Sandersville, Wrens, Augusta | Northern terminus; roadway continues as Tree Nursery Road. |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi<br> | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Georgia State Route 231KML is not from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| State Route 231 | |
| --- | --- |
| SR 231 highlighted in red | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by GDOT | |
| Length | 20.6 mi (33.2 km) |
| Existed | 1940–present |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | SR 15 southwest of Harrison |
| Major intersections |  |
| North end | SR 88 / SR 540 north of Davisboro |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Georgia |
| Counties | Washington |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
| * **Georgia State Highway System** | |
| SR 230   SR 232 | |


abstract: Senator Renato "Compañero" Cayetano Memorial Science and Technology High School (SRCCMSTHS) is a public science high school in Ususan, Taguig, Philippines. It is one of the three science high schools of the city, and is managed and administered by the Schools Divisions Office of Taguig City and Pateros (SDO-TAPAT). The school was named after the Senator Rene "Compañero" Cayetano.

text:
# Senator Renato "Compañero" Cayetano Memorial Science and Technology High School

**Senator Renato "Compañero" Cayetano Memorial Science and Technology High School** (**SRCCMSTHS**) is a public science high school in Ususan, Taguig, Philippines. It is one of the three science high schools of the city, and is managed and administered by the Schools Divisions Office of Taguig City and Pateros (SDO-TAPAT). The school was named after the Senator Rene "Compañero" Cayetano.

## History

Taguig Mayor Lani Cayetano took her oath at the school grounds when she was sworn in as the mayor of the city in 2022. SRCCMSTHS bagged the top two prizes in 2023 at the International Science Drama Competition 2023 held in Bangkok, Thailand.

## InfoBox

| Senator Renato "Compañero" Cayetano Memorial Science and Technology High School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Ususan, Taguig<br>Philippines | |
| Information | |
| Other name | SRCCMSTHS |
| Type | Public specialized high school |
| Established | September 2005 |
| Educational authority | Schools Divisions Office of Taguig City and Pateros |
| Grades | 7 - 12 |
| Campus type | Urban |
| Publication | El Compañero |


title: Union City, Montana

abstract: Union City is a ghost town in Madison County, Montana, United States. Its elevation is 7,582 feet (2,311 m), and it is located at 45°12′30″N 111°56′3″W. Founded in 1867 as a mining camp, the community was abandoned after the claims ran out. The entire site, now owned by the Bureau of Land Management, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

text:
# Union City, Montana

**Union City** is a ghost town in Madison County, Montana, United States. Its elevation is 7,582 feet (2,311 m), and it is located at 45°12′30″N 111°56′3″W / 45.20833°N 111.93417°W / 45.20833; -111.93417 (45.2082579, -111.9424776).

Founded in 1867 as a mining camp, the community was abandoned after the claims ran out. The entire site, now owned by the Bureau of Land Management, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Union City | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Madison County, Montana |
| Nearest city | Virginia City, Montana |
| Coordinates | 45°12′30″N 111°56′33″W / 45.20833°N 111.94250°W / 45.20833; -111.94250 |
| Built | 1867 |
| Architect | Griffith & Thompson |
| Architectural style | Mining mill |
| NRHP reference No. | 99000261 |
| Added to NRHP | February 26, 1999 |


title: Sauk City, Washington

abstract: Sauk City, also known as Sauk, is a former unincorporated community in Skagit County, Washington. It was located along the Skagit River at its confluence with the Sauk River, west of the modern settlement of Rockport. The community was founded in the 1880s as a transfer point between steamboats and a wagon road leading to the Monte Cristo mines during a gold rush. The town initially grew along the south bank of the Skagit River until a major flood in 1897 destroyed the settlement. A second town was built on the north side of the river near the site of the Great Northern Railway, which was completed in 1901 after another fire. The new Sauk City was destroyed by a second fire and it was abandoned as the area's mining and lumber fortunes dwindled in the early 20th century. During the early growth of the town, Sauk City was proposed as the county seat of the new Skagit County in 1891, but lost out to Mount Vernon.

text:
# Sauk City, Washington

**Sauk City**, also known as **Sauk**, is a former unincorporated community in Skagit County, Washington. It was located along the Skagit River at its confluence with the Sauk River, west of the modern settlement of Rockport.

The community was founded in the 1880s as a transfer point between steamboats and a wagon road leading to the Monte Cristo mines during a gold rush. The town initially grew along the south bank of the Skagit River until a major flood in 1897 destroyed the settlement. A second town was built on the north side of the river near the site of the Great Northern Railway, which was completed in 1901 after another fire. The new Sauk City was destroyed by a second fire and it was abandoned as the area's mining and lumber fortunes dwindled in the early 20th century.

During the early growth of the town, Sauk City was proposed as the county seat of the new Skagit County in 1891, but lost out to Mount Vernon.

## InfoBox

| Sauk City, Washington | |
| --- | --- |
| Ghost town | |
| Sauk CitySauk City | |
| Coordinates: 48°28′29″N 121°37′35″W / 48.47472°N 121.62639°W / 48.47472; -121.62639 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Washington |
| County | Skagit |
| Founded | 1880s |
| Elevation | 236 ft (72 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (Pacific (PST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (PDT) |
| Area code | 360 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1529902 |


title: Pygoda expolita

abstract: Pygoda expolita is a species of stink bug in the family Pentatomidae found in Costa Rica and Panamá. It was first described as Edessa expolita by William Lucas Distant in 1892 and renamed under genus Pygoda in 2018.

text:
# Pygoda expolita

***Pygoda expolita*** is a species of stink bug in the family Pentatomidae found in Costa Rica and Panamá. It was first described as *Edessa expolita* by William Lucas Distant in 1892 and renamed under genus *Pygoda* in 2018.

## InfoBox

| *Pygoda expolita* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Family: | Pentatomidae |
| Genus: | *Pygoda* |
| Species: | ***P. expolita*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pygoda expolita***
(Distant, 1892) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Edessa expolita* Distant, 1892
 | |