title: Camp Tulelake

abstract: Camp Tulelake was a federal work facility and War Relocation Authority isolation center located in Siskiyou County, five miles west of Tulelake, California. It was established by the United States government in 1935 during the Great Depression for vocational training and work relief for young men, in a program known as the Civilian Conservation Corps. The camp was established initially for CCC enrollees to work on the Klamath Reclamation Project. During World War II, in 1942 the Tule Lake War Relocation Center was built nearby as one of ten concentration camps in the interior of the US for the incarceration of Japanese Americans who had been forcibly relocated from the West Coast, which was defined as an Exclusion Zone by the US military. Two-thirds of the 120,000 incarcerated individuals were United States citizens. Renamed the Tule Lake Isolation Center, this facility was adapted in the wartime years to shelter Japanese-American strikebreakers used against resisters at the main segregation camp, imprison Japanese-American dissidents, and house Italian and German prisoners of war (POWs) who were assigned to work as farm laborers in the region. After the war, on 25 April 1946, the camp was transferred from the Army to the Fish and Wildlife Service, which had managed it just prior to the establishment of the segregation camp. The four remaining buildings are being restored in a project to return the camp to its 1940s appearance. It is part of Tule Lake National Monument, formerly part of World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument.

text:
# Camp Tulelake

**Camp Tulelake** was a federal work facility and War Relocation Authority isolation center located in Siskiyou County, five miles (8 km) west of Tulelake, California. It was established by the United States government in 1935 during the Great Depression for vocational training and work relief for young men, in a program known as the Civilian Conservation Corps. The camp was established initially for CCC enrollees to work on the Klamath Reclamation Project.

During World War II, in 1942 the Tule Lake War Relocation Center was built nearby as one of ten concentration camps in the interior of the US for the incarceration of Japanese Americans who had been forcibly relocated from the West Coast, which was defined as an Exclusion Zone by the US military. Two-thirds of the 120,000 incarcerated individuals were United States citizens.

Renamed the Tule Lake Isolation Center, this facility was adapted in the wartime years to shelter Japanese-American strikebreakers used against resisters at the main segregation camp, imprison Japanese-American dissidents, and house Italian and German prisoners of war (POWs) who were assigned to work as farm laborers in the region. After the war, on 25 April 1946, the camp was transferred from the Army to the Fish and Wildlife Service, which had managed it just prior to the establishment of the segregation camp. The four remaining buildings are being restored in a project to return the camp to its 1940s appearance. It is part of Tule Lake National Monument, formerly part of World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument.

## History

The Camp Tulelake was built in 1933 as a public work relief program, part of the New Deal of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The camp was one of several constructed for the Civilian Conservation Corps. This program provided six months to two years employment and vocational training for unemployed, unmarried men, ages 17–23 from relief families. The 23-building camp included a duck hospital, an administrative headquarters office, the supervisors' residences, and a lookout cabin on the bluff behind the Refuge Visitor Center. Most of the buildings were constructed by the enrollees. Mexican-American stonemasons constructed more than 300 feet of rock wall around the Refuge Headquarters.

The enrollees were paid $30 a month, $25 of which was sent home or put into a savings account. The program provided unskilled manual labor jobs related to the conservation and development of natural resources in rural lands owned by federal, state and local governments; workers built water control structures of timber and concrete. The CCC camp in southern Oregon dug irrigation ditches, and overall increased the Clear Lake reservoir's capacity by about 60,000 acre-feet (74,000,000 m3). Soon after the United States entered World War II, the majority of enrollees left the camp to enlist, and it was closed in 1942.

### Tule Lake Isolation Center

The CCC's Camp Tulelake became a War Relocation Authority (WRA) Isolation Center (a prison like that of Moab, UT and Leupp, AZ) in February 1943. It was approximately 10 miles from the Tule Lake War Relocation Center, which was one of 10 WRA concentration camps built in 1942 to incarcerate Japanese Americans evicted from their homes on the West Coast. In March 1943, over 100 men from the Tule Lake Concentration Camp were arrested and housed at the hastily created WRA Isolation Center after they had protested their unjust incarceration by refusing to answer, or answering "no—no," to the Army's and WRA's two clumsily worded questions on the loyalty questionnaire. While imprisoned at the maximum-security camp, inmates completed around $2,500 in repairs to the abandoned buildings, including installing new stove pipes, and repairing the sewer and electrical systems. After several months, they were either released back to the Tule Lake Segregation Center or transferred to other facilities run by the Justice Department or the U.S. Army.

During July 1943, Tule Lake became the only WRA concentration camp to be converted to a Segregation Center used to punish inmates who refused to cooperate with the War Relocation Authority's (WRA) demand they answer a confusing and ill-conceived loyalty questionnaire or who were active in resisting camp authorities. "Of all the wartime incarceration sites, Tule Lake tells the most extreme story of the government's abuse of power against people who dared to speak out against the injustice of their incarceration," said Barbara Takei, whose mother was incarcerated at the Tule Lake concentration camp during World War II.

The WRA also used the WRA Tule Lake Isolation Center as a shelter for 243 Japanese-American inmates brought in from other concentration camps as strikebreakers, to undermine the hundreds of Tule Lake prisoners who refused to harvest crops, seeking to leverage their demands for safer working conditions. The strikebreakers were brought in to harvest the local crops and were paid significantly higher wages than what Tule Lake inmates could earn. For their safety, they were housed at the WRA's Tule Lake Isolation Center to protect them from angry protesters.

Since 1994, following the United States government's formal apology for injustices in 1988 and payment in 1988 and 1992 of reparations to survivors of all the camps, the Tule Lake Committee has sponsored the annual Tule Lake Pilgrimage. It has advocated for preservation of the entire Tule Lake site, both the Tule Lake War Segregation Center and Camp Tulelake. In December 2008, both sites were designated as part of the Tule Lake Unit, World War II Valor in the Pacific National Monument.

#### Frank Tanabe

A notable inmate was Frank Tanabe, who volunteered to serve in a mostly Japanese-American military unit, interrogating Japanese prisoners in India and China. When asked why he served in the same army that imprisoned him, Tanabe replied, "I wanted to do my part to prove that I was not an enemy alien, or that none of us were — that we were true Americans. And if we ever got the chance, we would do our best to serve our country. And we did." During the 2012 Presidential race, Tanabe who was then 93 and on his deathbed, gained wide publicity for having his daughter fill out his last ballot. He received mostly positive reaction for his patriotism. Tanabe died on October 24, 2012. His family declined to announce which candidate he voted for.

#### Italian and German POWs

With so many local farmers and workers participating in the military during World War II, the Tulelake Growers Association petitioned the US Government for prisoners of war to help with the harvest. In May 1944 the federal government sent 150 Italian POWs to the area. US officials converted Camp Tulelake to accommodate additional German POWs who were transferred from Camp White (near Medford, Oregon) the following month. They set up fences, barbed wire, latrines, water lines, guard towers, and search lights around the camp.

At its peak in October 1944, the camp housed 800 German POWs who were able to travel freely in the area, a privilege not bestowed on the American citizens of Japanese descent who were imprisoned in the camps. They helped plant, tend, and harvest onion and potato crops. The POWs lived and worked in the Tule Lake area until the camp closed in 1946. Although some of the POWs applied for the lottery of local homesteads in order to stay in the area, none gained a homestead.

## Proposed airport fencing

In 2012 Modoc County, California officials applied for a grant from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to fund a new 8 feet (2.4 m) tall and 3 miles (4.8 km) long fence around the nearby Tulelake Municipal Airport, to keep animals off the runway. The Tule Lake Committee and related groups working to preserve the historical integrity of the former Tule Lake War Relocation Center and related Camp Tulelake have opposed the airport fence. It would surround the site of most of the prison's barracks — nearly 46 complete "blocks" and portions of several others — impeding visitors and desecrating the physical and spiritual integrity of the camp. The Stop the Fence at Tulelake Airport organization has explained, "A fence will prevent all Americans from experiencing the dimension and magnitude of the concentration camp where people experienced mass exclusion and racial hatred."

The opponents note that being excluded from the area would especially affect former internees and their descendants, who make regular pilgrimages to the former incarceration site and their specific assigned barracks. Those who make the pilgrimage want the ability to walk throughout the massive camp and imagine the experiences of the internees. "They want to traverse the site to experience the dimension and magnitude of the place, to gain a sense of the distances family members walked in their daily routine to eat meals, attend school, to do laundry and use the latrines. They want to summon up the ghosts of the place, to revive long-suppressed memories and to mourn personal and collective loss."

Actor George Takei, held as a child with his family at the concentration camp, has worked in support of the petition against the fence. Takei has said, "We must not permit this history to be erased and minimized by destroying the integrity of the site or making it inaccessible to future generations."

## Further reading

* Barbara Takei and Judy Tachibana, *Tule Lake Revisited: A Brief History and Guide to the Tule Lake Concentration Camp Site,* Second Edition; Tule Lake Committee, 2012.

## InfoBox

| Camp Tulelake | |
| --- | --- |
| Tule Lake, California | |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 41°58′08″N 121°34′05″W / 41.9688°N 121.5681°W / 41.9688; -121.5681 |
| Type | Prisoner-of-war camp and Japanese American incarceration |
| Site information | |
| Owner | Fish and Wildlife Service |
| Condition | Restoration |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1933-1935 |
| Built by | Civilian Conservation Corps |
| In use | March 1943 - 25 April 1946 |


title: RAF Upavon

abstract: Royal Air Force Upavon, or more simply RAF Upavon, is a former Royal Air Force station in Wiltshire, England. It was a grass airfield, military flight training school, and administrative headquarters of the Royal Air Force. The station opened in 1912 and closed in 1993, when it was transferred to the British Army and became known as Trenchard Lines. The station motto was In Principio Et Semper, and translated from Latin means "In the Beginning and Always".

text:
# RAF Upavon

**Royal Air Force Upavon**, or more simply **RAF Upavon**, is a former Royal Air Force station in Wiltshire, England. It was a grass airfield, military flight training school, and administrative headquarters of the Royal Air Force. The station opened in 1912 and closed in 1993, when it was transferred to the British Army and became known as **Trenchard Lines**.

The station motto was *In Principio Et Semper*, and translated from Latin means "In the Beginning and Always".

## History

### Origins and construction

Construction began on 19 June 1912, on some training gallops, on an elevated site about 1.5 mi (2.4 km) east of Upavon village, near the edge of the Salisbury Plain, in the English county of Wiltshire. Upavon Airfield was originally created for pilots of the military and naval wings of the newly formed Royal Flying Corps (RFC), and became home to the Army Central Flying School. Captain Godfrey M Paine, RN, became the first commandant, with Major Hugh Trenchard being his assistant. Trenchard later became the chief of air staff, and subsequently became known as the "father of the Royal Air Force".

### Early flying developments

During 1913 the first night landing made in England was achieved at Upavon, by Lieutenant Cholmondeley. In May 1914, Winston Churchill, then First Lord of the Admiralty, was a passenger on a flight by a Farman MF.7 biplane while visiting Upavon. Two officers of the CFS at Upavon developed the bomb sight between 1914–1915, and this was used in a very successful manner at the Western Front. The first Unmanned Aerial Target aircraft were tested on the site on 21 March 1917, witnessed by 30–40 allied generals. The officers' mess, a Grade II\* listed building, was completed in 1915.

### Birth of the Royal Air Force

On 1 April 1918, the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) amalgamated with the Royal Naval Air Service to create the Royal Air Force, and Upavon became Royal Air Force Station Upavon, commonly abbreviated to RAF Upavon. Accordingly, the former RFC Central Flying School became the Central Flying School.

During 1926 the Central Flying School moved from Upavon. At the same time, No.17 (Fighter) Squadron RAF moved to Upavon to join No.3 (Fighter) Squadron RAF, who had been at Upavon since 1924. For the next eight years, the two fighter squadrons developed both night flying and aviation fighting techniques. At the same time, they wooed the public all over the country with impressive air displays. In May 1934, both squadrons left Upavon for RAF Kenley, London, and were replaced at Upavon, for a short time in 1935, by four squadrons from the Fleet Air Arm.

### The St. Raphael

On 31 August 1927 Lieutenant Colonel Frederick F. Minchin, known to his colleagues as 'Dan', Captain Leslie Hamilton, and Princess Löwenstein-Wertheim took off from Upavon airfield in a Dutch Fokker F.VIIA named the *St. Raphael* in a bid to become the first aviators to cross the Atlantic from east to west. The *St. Raphael* was last sighted some 800 mi (1,300 km) west of Galway heading for Newfoundland. The aircraft was never seen again and the fate of Minchin, Hamilton and Löwenstein-Wertheim remains a mystery.

### Second World War

During August 1935, the Central Flying School was to return to Upavon and stayed there until it moved to RAF Little Rissington in Gloucestershire in April 1942. During this crucial period, the school's primary role was to train and supply flight instructors to the now increasing number of military flying schools. King George VI visited Upavon during the Second World War.

### Post-war

Upavon became home to headquarters No. 38 Group in 1946 and home to headquarters RAF Transport Command in 1951. A new headquarters building for Transport Command was completed in the 1960s. On 16 June 1962, Upavon held a static and flying display, attended by Prince Philip, to mark the 50th anniversary of the Royal Flying Corps. Transport Command was renamed Air Support Command on 1 August 1967.

With the contraction of the RAF, Air Support Command only lasted a short time as a command, and it was absorbed into Strike Command on 1 September 1972. The grass runway was not wholly appropriate for heavy fixed-wing aircraft, nor any kind of jet aircraft, and so the airfield was used as an administrative base and also became the home of No. 622 Volunteer Gliding Squadron, part of the Air Training Corps, who used static winch-launched gliders.

### Post-RAF use

As a result of major reorganisation of the Royal Air Force in the early 1990s, RAF Upavon became surplus to requirements, and the RAF was to permanently withdraw from Upavon. On 3 August 1993, the RAF handed over the site to the British Army and the airfield became an Army garrison called **Trenchard Lines**. When the army first moved into Upavon, it became home to Headquarters Doctrine & Training. On 30 January 1995, it then became Headquarters Adjutant General.

In April 2008 HQ Adjutant General was absorbed within the newly formed HQ Land Forces under 'Project Hyperion'. The new merged HQ LF was to be at Andover to use surplus real estate made available by Defence Equipment and Support. The two organisations merged organisationally on 1 April 2008, but preparing the Marlborough Lines buildings at Andover for physical co-location was not expected to be possible before 2010. The site is now home to the headquarters of Army Recruiting and Initial Training Command.

## Station commanders

### Royal Flying Corps

| 1912–1915 | Captain G M Paine |
| --- | --- |
| 1915–1916 | Lieutenant Colonel D Le G Pitcher |
| 1916 | Lieutenant Colonel C J Burke |
| 1916–1917 | Captain A C H MacLean |
| 1917–1918 | Lieutenant Colonel A J L Scott |

### Royal Air Force

| 1918 | Major J C Slessor |
| --- | --- |
| 1918–1919 | Captain H Maintjes MC |
| 1919 | Lieutenant Colonel P H L Playfair MC |
| 1919–1920 | Wing Commander C D Breese AFC |
| 1920 | Wing Commander P K Wise CMG DSO |
| 1920–1922 | Wing Commander N D K MacEwen CMG DSO |
| 1922–1923 | Air Commodore E A D Masterman CMG CBE AFC |
| 1923–1925 | Group Captain F V Holt CMG DSO |
| 1926–1926 | Group Captain W R Freeman DSO MC |
| 1926–1928 | Wing Commander V S Brown |
| 1928–1930 | Wing Commander W R Read MC DFC AFC |
| 1930–1932 | Wing Commander E W Norton DSC |
| 1932–1934 | Wing Commander G S M Insall VC MC |
| 1934–1935 | Wing Commander A D Pryor |
| 1935–1936 | Group Captain H G Smart CBE DFC AFC |
| 1936–1939 | Group Captain J M Robb DSO DFC |
| 1939–1940 | Wing Commander D W F Bonham-Carter |
| 1940 | Wing Commander G H Stainforth AFC |
| 1940 | Air Commodore J M Robb DSO DFC |
| 1940–1942 | Group Captain H H Down AFC |
| 1942–1944 | Group Captain A J Holmes AFC |
| 1944–1946 | Group Captain E A C Britton DFC |
| 1946 | Squadron Leader Parker |
| 1948 | Squadron Leader W McGregor |
| 1948 | Squadron Leader S J Rawlins |
| 1950–1951 | Squadron Leader M P Thompson |
| 1952–1954 | Squadron Leader D T Lees MC |
| 1954–1956 | Squadron Leader L J Hill |
| 1956–1958 | Squadron Leader K H Steel OBE |
| 1958–1959 | Squadron Leader C G Lewis |
| 1959–1961 | Squadron Leader R P James MBE |
| 1961–1964 | Squadron Leader R R McGowan AFC |
| 1964–1966 | Squadron Leader T A Warren |
| 1966–1969 | Squadron Leader N Comber |
| 1969–1971 | Squadron Leader M Gill |
| 1971–1973 | Squadron Leader H C Burrows |
| 1973 | Group Captain R S Bradley |
| 1973–1974 | Wing Commander J R Shepherd |
| 1974–1975 | Wing Commander W G Wood |
| 1975–1977 | Squadron Leader J E Dixon |
| 1977–1979 | Squadron Leader A R J Pascall |
| 1979–1980 | Squadron Leader R A Betterldge |
| 1980–1983 | Squadron Leader M Pritchard |
| 1983–1986 | Squadron Leader K W Baldock |
| 1986–1989 | Squadron Leader D N Barnes |
| 1989–1991 | Squadron Leader C F Shaw |
| 1991–1993 | Squadron Leader R I Clifford MIMgt |

## Aircraft

## Units

Units based at RAF Upavon included:

## Sources

* Lake, A. (1999). *Flying units of the RAF*. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife. ISBN 1-84037-086-6.
* Jefford, C.G. (1988). *RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912*. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing. ISBN 1-84037-141-2.

Media related to RAF Upavon at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| RAF Upavon | |
| --- | --- |
| Near Upavon, Wiltshire in England | |
| The airfield at former RAF Upavon, 2007 | |
| RAF UpavonLocation in Wiltshire | |
| Coordinates | 51°17′26″N 001°46′42″W / 51.29056°N 1.77833°W / 51.29056; -1.77833 |
| Type | Royal Air Force station |
| Site information | |
| Owner | Ministry of Defence |
| Operator | Royal Flying Corps (1914–1918)<br>Royal Air Force (1918–1993) |
| Condition | Closed |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1912 (1912) |
| In use | 1912–1993 (1993) |
| Fate | Transferred to the British Army and became Trenchard Lines. |
| Airfield information | |
| Identifiers | IATA: UPV, ICAO: EGDJ, WMO: 03744 |
| Elevation | 175 metres (574 ft) AMSL |
| Runways  Direction Length and surface  05/23  Grass  08/26  Grass  18/36  Grass | |


title: Cubis 2

abstract: Cubis 2 is a puzzle video game that was released in 2004 by FreshGames. In Cubis 2, the player shoots different colored cubes into cubes that are already placed on the isometric game table. Once three of the same color are matched in a row or are stacked, the cubes disappear and the player earns points. Once the board is clear or enough points are earned, the player advances to the next board which features a new animated backdrop.

text:
# Cubis 2

***Cubis 2*** is a puzzle video game that was released in 2004 by FreshGames. In *Cubis 2*, the player shoots different colored cubes into cubes that are already placed on the isometric game table. Once three of the same color are matched in a row or are stacked, the cubes disappear and the player earns points. Once the board is clear or enough points are earned, the player advances to the next board which features a new animated backdrop.

## Cubis game series

In 2002 the game ***Cubis*** was released in a Java version playable in web browsers. It was later updated into a Flash version. In 2003 a deluxe version of Cubis was released online for Windows PCs titled ***Cubis Gold***. In 2004, a sequel to Cubis was released titled ***Cubis 2***. The sequel was more successful and got a boxed PC version from MumboJumbo, and a Flash demo was also released for web browsers. The Flash demo was once available on the GSN website, but it has since been removed. Cubis 2 was also released on phones in a Java version. In 2020 an HTML5 version of Cubis 2 with updated graphics was made for MSN Games. In 2005 an online slot machine based on Cubis 2 was released by Wagerlogic called ***Cubis Slots***, which was a version of Cubis 2 where the player could win money. Cubis Slots has since been taken down.

In September 2006 Apple Inc. announced that Cubis 2 would be one of the first games to release for the Apple iPod. On August 29, 2007, FreshGames released the *Cubis Level Packs* which added 100 new levels to Cubis 2.

In 2013, another sequel to Cubis was released on the PC titled ***Cubis Creatures***. Although the gameplay is similar to the first two Cubis games, the levels are now made to look like various creatures. In 2017, yet another sequel to Cubis was released on the PC titled ***Cubis Kingdoms***. The gameplay is similar to the previous Cubis games, but town-building game mechanics have been added and there are now bosses in the game. Cubis Gold, Cubis Creatures, and Cubis Kingdoms are all included on the boxed PC compilation ***Amazing Match 3 Games: Magical Matches***, which was released by Legacy Games in 2018.

## Reception

* Lookie.DE – 82%
* Handydownloads – 86%
* PocketGamer – Bronze Award
* Top 10 Game of 2004 from Shockwave.com

## InfoBox

| Cubis 2 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | FreshGames |
| Publisher(s) | FreshGames |
| Designer(s) | Steve Meretzky |
| Platform(s) | Windows, Apple iPod, J2ME |
| Release | November 12, 2004 (2004-11-12) |
| Genre(s) | Puzzle, Strategy |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Brice Parain

abstract: Brice Parain was a French philosopher and essayist. He appeared as himself in Jean-Luc Godard's 1962 film Vivre sa vie. In Éric Rohmer's film My Night at Maud's (1969), conversations about Pascal's Wager are directly inspired by a similar debate between Parain and Dominique Dubarle in an episode of the television series En profil dans le texte called l'Entretien sur Pascal in 1965, also produced by Rohmer.

text:
# Brice Parain

**Brice Parain** (10 March 1897 – 20 March 1971) was a French philosopher and essayist.

He appeared as himself in Jean-Luc Godard's 1962 film *Vivre sa vie*. In Éric Rohmer's film *My Night at Maud's* (1969), conversations about Pascal's Wager are directly inspired by a similar debate between Parain and Dominique Dubarle in an episode of the television series *En profil dans le texte* called *l'Entretien sur Pascal* ("The Interview on Pascal") in 1965, also produced by Rohmer.

## Biography

Brice Parain was born in 1897 in Courcelles-sous-Jouarre, Seine-et-Marne, Île-de-France. He studied at the ENS and graduated from the École des Langues Orientales. He also served as an *agrégé* of philosophy in 1922.

After graduating from Langues Orientales, Parain became a cultural attaché and visited the USSR for the first time in 1925. Two years later, he returned to France, where he met Jean Paulhan and began working as a secretary for Gaston Gallimard.

Parain was primarily interested in the great intellectual and political movements of his time; his work focused in particular on Communism, Surrealism, and Existentialism, the failures of which he anticipated in part in some of his earlier works, such as *Essai sur la misère humaine* (1934) and *Retour à la France* (1936). Parain supported the newspaper *Le Nouveau Détective* ("The New Detective"), founded by Joseph and Georges Kessel in 1928 and specialising in the evocation of miscellaneous facts. Parain was also fascinated by linguistics. Critic Charles Blanchard dubbed him "le Sherlock Holmes du langage" ("the Sherlock Holmes of language"). Parain was particularly interested in the questions of the origin and evolution of words, expounded upon in essays such as *Essay sur le Logos platonicien* (1942), *Recherches sur la nature et la fonction du langage* (1942), and *Sur la dialectique* (1953).

After the Second World War, Parain worked alongside Robert Antelme and André Breton, among others, at the magazine *Le 14 juillet*, against Charles de Gaulle's return to power in 1958. Parain edited the first volume of *L'histoire de la philosophe* in the Encyclopédie de la Pléiade. During the post-war period, Parain published numerous works, including a novel, *Joseph* (1964); a play, *Noir sur blanc* (1962); and various essays, *De fil en aiguille* (1960), *France, marchande d'églises* (1966), and *Petite métaphysique du langage* (1969).

Parain was one of the chief collaborators in the beginnings of Éditions Gallimard (since 1927), as well as a close friend of the Gallimard brothers, particularly Gaston. He was the principal director of the Encyclopédie de la Pléiade collection, and translated various Russian classic works published through Gallimard, including works by Lev Tolstoy, Anton Chekhov, and Aleksandr Pushkin.

## Personal life

Although Parain was active in French Communist circles, and was initially attracted to Communism, he separated from the movement in the 1930s, and did not identify as a Communist. At the forefront of the Russian Revolution, Parain, who spoke Russian fluently and corresponded with various Russian writers, was critical of the new system.

Parain spent most of his life in Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine, where he wrote the majority of his work. In 1926 Parain married the Russian illustrator Nathalie Tchelpanova. After Tchelpanova's death in 1958, Parain married Éliane Pérès, a painter, in 1961, with whom he would reside until his death. He owned a house, *Le Pressoir*, in Verdelot, Seine-et-Marne, where he is interred alongside Tchelpanova.

## Selected publications

* *Essai sur la misère humaine*, Grasset, 1934
* *Retour à la France*, Grasset, 1936
* *Recherches sur la nature et les fonctions du langage*, Gallimard, 1942 (doctoral thesis)
* *Essai sur le logos platonicien*, Gallimard, 1942
* *La Mort de Jean Madec*, Grasset, 1945
* *L’Embarras du choix*, Gallimard, 1947
* *La Mort de Socrate*, Gallimard, 1950
* *Sur la dialectique*, Gallimard, 1953
* *De fil en aiguille*, Gallimard, 1960
* *Noir sur blanc*, Gallimard, 1962
* *Joseph*, Gallimard, 1964
* *Entretiens avec Bernard Pingaud*, Gallimard, 1966
* *France, marchande d’églises*, Gallimard, 1966
* *Petite métaphysique de la parole*, Gallimard, 1969
* *Le Sophiste annoté, suivi de l’Invité de Pierre Pachet*, Le Nouveau commerce, 1995
* *Brice Parain, Georges Perros : correspondance, 1960-1971*, Gallimard, 1998

## InfoBox

| Brice Parain | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1897-03-10)March 10, 1897
Courcelles-sous-Jouarre |
| Died | March 20, 1971(1971-03-20) (aged 74)
Verdelot, Seine-et-Marne |
| Resting place | Cimetière de Verdelot |
| Occupation | Philosopher |
| Education | Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales, École normale supérieure (Paris) |
| Spouse | *   Nathalie Tchelpanova  (m. 1926; died 1958) *   Éliane Pérès (19611971) |
| Relatives | Charles Parain (brother) |


title: Sarita Khurana

abstract: Sarita Khurana is a film director, producer, and educator based in Brooklyn, NY. Khurana's films explore South Asian stories from female perspectives. Migration, memory, culture, gender, and sexuality are common themes throughout her work. Khurana was the first Desi woman to win the Albert Maysles New Documentary Director Award at Tribeca Film Festival with her collaborator, Smriti Mundhra.

text:
# Sarita Khurana

**Sarita Khurana** is a film director, producer, and educator based in Brooklyn, NY. Khurana's films explore South Asian stories from female perspectives. Migration, memory, culture, gender, and sexuality are common themes throughout her work. Khurana was the first *Desi* woman to win the Albert Maysles New Documentary Director Award at Tribeca Film Festival with her collaborator, Smriti Mundhra.

## Early life and education

Sarita Khurana was born in London, England in 1970, and grew up in New York City. While growing up in New York she became interested the arts, and in film in particular. She felt frustrated at the lack of representation or the misrepresentation of Asian women and immigrants in film. Khurana was part of an influential group of South Asian academics and activists working in New York in the mid-1990s. Khurana holds a B.A. from Oberlin College, an Master of Education from Harvard University, a Master in Fine Arts in Film from Columbia University’s School of the Arts. Khurana contributed an essay to Sara Hill's 2007 anthology, *Afterschool Matters: Creative Programs That Connect Youth Development and Student Achievement* published by Corwin Press.

## Career and awards

Sarita Khurana is a filmmaker and cultural producer. Khurana's work in narrative, documentary and experimental film has been screened and exhibited internationally at the Tribeca Film Festival, Sheffield Doc/Fest, BFI London Film Festival, Mumbai Film Festival, and at the American Film Institute Docs Festival.

Khurana has received numerous awards, and fellowships over her career including the prestigious Albert Maysles New Documentary Director Award at the Tribeca Film Festival in New York in 2017, and the Pew Fellowship. In 2015 Khurana was awarded the NALIP-Diverse Women in Media Residency Lab Fellowship in Vermont. Khurana received a grant from Asian Women's Giving Circle in 2019 and a Fellowship from the Center for Asian American Media in 2020.

Her work has been supported by the Tribeca Film Institute, Asian American Documentary Network, the International Documentary Association, the National Film Development Corp of India, Women in Film, Film Independent, NY Women in Film & Television, the New York Times.

## Filmography

### Home, Delivered (2020)

*Home, Delivered* is a micro-documentary that follows the story of community members in Queens who organized and delivered food to vulnerable Indian American seniors quarantined during the height of the Coronavirus pandemic in New York City. *Home, Delivered* was part of A-Doc‘s COVID stories series.

### *A Suitable Girl* (2017)

*A Suitable Girl* follows three young women in India as they struggle to follow their dreams amid familial and cultural pressures to get married. Ritu, Dipti and Amrita are educated, financially stable contemporary middle-class women living in Mumbai and New Delhi. Yet their lives take a dramatic turn when the pressure to settle down and get married hits. Documenting the matchmaking process in *vérité* over four years, *A Suitable Girl* examines the complex relationships between marriage, family, and culture.

*A Suitable Girl* was co-directed by Sarita Khurana and Smriti Mundhra. They met in film school at Columbia University connecting over their similar Indian backgrounds and wanted to create a film that explored the complexities of arranged marriages. They followed Dipti, Amrita, and Ritu over four years as they navigated their daily lives, careers, families, and friends.

*A Suitable Girl*, premiered in the Tribeca Film Festival in 2017 and won the Albert Maysles New Documentary Director Award. Khurana and Mundra were the first Desi women to earn the New Documentary Director Award. The film has also been screened at British Film Institute, Mumbai Film Festival, AFI Docs, Amazon and Netflix. In 2018, Library Journal reviewed and recommended the film be included in library collections.

### *What Remains* (2010)

*What Remains* follows the story of a woman who returns to her childhood home only to discover an unsettling past. This experimental film written and directed in collaboration with contemporary visual artist Chitra Ganesh. Among the places it was screened was the Brooklyn Museum and the Goteborgs Konsthall.

### *B.E.S. (Bangla East Side)* (2004)

*B.E.S.* is a documentary that focuses that ways working-class Bangladeshi immigrant youth remap the geography of downtown Manhattan and create new spaces that link their memories of Dhaka with their everyday realities living in New York City. This documentary film was co-directed with Fariba Alam. *B.E.S.* documents the lives of four Bangladeshi Muslim teenagers living in Manhattan's Lower East Side. Mahfuja, Maroofa, Saleh and Jemi immigrated to New York as children, and as all four of them are juniors and seniors at a public high school. The directors, came to the school to videotape the students, but also gave the students cameras to film each other. Living in a post-911 New York, these young immigrants are acutely conscious of their embodiment of racial and religious difference. This film won a New York Times Production Grant.

## Cine Qua Non Lab

Sarita Khurana is the co-founder of *Cine Qua Non Lab*, an international development lab for narrative feature films founded in 2008, based in Mexico and the U.S. The collaborative lab includes Jeannie Donohoe, Julie Buck, Luis Trelles and Jesús Pimentel Melo.

In May 2020, Khurana made a short film called Home, Delivered for A-Doc's Covid Stories series about work community groups are doing in support of South Asian seniors in Queens, NY.

## InfoBox

| Sarita Khurana | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | London, England |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | Oberlin College
Harvard University
Columbia University |
| Awards | "Albert Maysles New Documentary Director Award" Tribeca Film Festival 2017 |


title: Ponce Municipal Library

abstract: The Ponce Municipal Library, formally, Biblioteca Municipal Mariana Suárez de Longo, and also known as Biblioteca Publica de Ponce, is the library system of the municipality of Ponce, Puerto Rico. Founded in 1870, it is the oldest public library in Puerto Rico. The system has its main library on Miguel Pou Boulevard, in barrio San Antón, in the city of Ponce, and seven satellite library branches, three in the city's urban area and four spread out in the municipality's rural areas. The main library inaugurated a new building on Bulevar Miguel Pou in August 2007, where the former Puerto Rico District Court building was located. The central library building on Bulevar Miguel Pou was designed by Ponce architect Juan Dalmau Sambolín.

text:
# Ponce Municipal Library

The **Ponce Municipal Library**, formally, ***Biblioteca Municipal Mariana Suárez de Longo*** (English: Mariana Suárez de Longo Municipal Library), and also known as **Biblioteca Publica de Ponce** (English: Ponce Public Library), is the library system of the municipality of Ponce, Puerto Rico. Founded in 1870, it is the oldest public library in Puerto Rico. The system has its main library on Miguel Pou Boulevard, in barrio San Antón, in the city of Ponce, and seven satellite library branches, three in the city's urban area and four spread out in the municipality's rural areas. The main library inaugurated a new building on Bulevar Miguel Pou in August 2007, where the former Puerto Rico District Court building was located. The central library building on Bulevar Miguel Pou was designed by Ponce architect Juan Dalmau Sambolín.

## History

### *Gabinete de Lectura*

The origins of the Ponce Municipal Library date to the establishment in Ponce of the "Gabinete de Lectura" in 1869–1870, founded by Alejandro Tapia y Rivera. The books from the *Gabinete de Lectura*, the personal collection of Don Miguel Rosich and miscellaneous purchases were used to stock the Public Library. The Gabinete de Lectura was the first educational, cultural, and scientific center in Ponce. The Gabinete was established in 1870 by Federico Perez, Antonio Molina Jr., Diego Vicente Texeira, Rafael Rodriguez, Luis R. Velazquez, Angel Aguerrevera, and Eduardo Neumann Gandía, and was located on Calle Sol. The central government in San Juan closed it down in 1874 out of fear that the common people would become educated and rebel against the government. However, it was reopened in 1876 by a group of people that included some of its original founders plus Dr. Rafael Pujals, Oscar Schuck, Alfredo Casals, Antonio Molina, Ramon Rivera, Jacobo Tur, Sergio Cuevas Zequeira, Juan Cuevas Aboy, Oriol Pasarell, Francisco Oliver, Manuel Mayoral Barnes, and Manuel Yordan. It was re-established on 8 April 1877 with Rafael Pujals, Jose A. Renta, Julio Chardon, Ramon Marin, Baldomero San Antonio, Luis Lassise, Antonio Perez Guerra, Eduardo Salichs, Juan J. Mayoral, Pedro P. Valdivieso, Eduardo Neumann Gandia, Rafael Rodriguez, and Luis Velazquez as its directors.

### The first library

The Ponce Municipal Library was formally founded in 1890 and re-organized in 1894. This first library was located on the first floor of Casa Alcaldia building, on what is now Calle Plaza Degetau, but at the time was considered part of Calle Villa. It contained 1,500 volumes that came from the "Gabinete de Lectura", the private collection of Manuel Rosich, a prominent local educator, and donations from citizens at large. The first librarian was Joaquin Figueroa. The library started with 809 books and 669 pamphlets. By 1913, the total number of volumes was over 4,754, including 2,818 books and 1,936 periodicals. In 1937, the library was restarted under the leadership of Luis A. Ferre. The library later relocated to Calle Isabel in the Ponce Historic Zone. In 1940, mayor Jose Tormos Diego reconditioned the northern annex of Teatro La Perla to be used as the headquarters of the Ponce municipal library.

Originally a non-circulating library, in 1945 the Ponce Public Library instituted a home loan system guaranteed by deposits. The majority of its readers were school children. By 1946 the Ponce Public Library collection had increased to 9,648 volumes, mostly of general character, but completely catalogued according to the Dewey system. In 1946 the library was mostly supported by the Ponce Lions Club and the Asociación Bibliotecaria de Puerto Rico, a sort of "friends of the library" organization. At least by 1947, the library was located on the second level of the Teatro La Perla. Luis A. Ferre was one of the sponsors of the Ponce Public Library and, in the 1950s, several of the works of art that would later be part of the collections at Museo de Arte de Ponce, first hung from the walls of the Public Library on the second floor of Teatro La Perla.

In 1971, construction on the north side of Teatro La Perla was completed and, during the administration of mayor Juan H. Cintron (1968–1972), the library moved to new facilities next to Teatro La Perla, where it remained until 2007.

### Current facility

Construction of the new facility at Bulevar Miguel Pou started in December 2004, completed in January 2007, and the library opened in April 2007. The building cost was $8.5M USD, with another $2M used to furnish it, for a total cost of $10.5M.

The city moved its central library to the new facility in August 2007. The modern facility opened over three years after the untimely death of its proud mastermind and instigator, "the beloved Ponce Mayor Rafael Churumba Cordero".

## Main library building

The main library is located in a new building on Miguel Pou Boulevard, barrio San Anton, Ponce, at 18° 0' 44" N, 66° 36' 12" W. The new structure opened in August 2007 under the administration of Mayor Francisco Zayas Seijo and cost $14 million to build. The new building is located at the site of the old *Tribunal de Ponce* (English: Ponce Judicial Center), which was demolished to give way for the library.

Facilities also include an exhibition hall for art expositions and other similar public events of cultural and civic nature. The library's courtyard provides unrestricted wireless Internet access per the library's hotspot policy and provides an environment suitable for book presentations, storytelling activities, lectures and cocktails.

### Mariana Suárez de Longo

The Main Library was named after Mariana Suárez de Longo, a much admired “Teacher of Teachers”. Suarez de Longo was born on 3 January 1906 in Aibonito, Puerto Rico, graduated from Ponce High School in 1923, and obtained a bachelor's degree in education from the University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras in 1935. Suarez de Longo then committed almost 40 years of her life to the education of the island's youth. In 1946, she became the first Puerto Rican woman to be designated School Superintendent, commanding the Ponce area from 1950 to 1962. In 1954 she obtained a master's degree in Management and Supervision from New York University. From 1963 to 1966 she directed the Department of Education’s southern region, comprising fourteen municipalities. In 1966 she served as director of the Division of Curriculum of Puerto Rico's Department of Education. In 1969, Suarez de Longo directed the Staff Training Center of the Ponce Municipal Head Start program. The devoted educator retired in 1972. She died in Ponce on 13 January 1995.

## Satellite libraries

| No. | Branch Name | Target Population | Barrio | Locality | Opened | Focus | References |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Guillermo Jackson | Urban | Segundo | Clausells | 1960 | Traditional |  |
| 2 | Jose Rodríguez Ayala | Urban | Sexto | Jaime L. Drew/Escuela José Gautier Benítez (closed in 2018) | ??? | Traditional |  |
| 3 | Rafaela Prieto de Gonzalez | Urban | Playa | Escuela Segundo Ruiz Belvis and Santiago González | Oct 1962 | Traditional |  |
| 4 | Coto Laurel | Urban | Coto Laurel | Llanos del Sur/Escuela Superior Juan Serralles | 1960 | Traditional |  |
| 5 | Guaraguao | Rural | Guaraguao | Edificio Head Start | ??? | Traditional |  |
| 6 | Rosario Latorre | Rural | Magueyes | Corral Viejo | ??? | Traditional |  |
| 7 | Quebrada Limón | Rural | Quebrada Limón | La Joya de Francia | ??? | Digital |  |
|

In 2018, another digital center was located at the Ponce Servicios building.

## Research branch

Originally envisioned to be co-located with the public library was the Archivo Histórico de Ponce (Ponce Historical Archive). The Archivo Histórico de Ponce is a library research tool about the municipality, and is currently (2011) located on Calle Marina and Plaza Degetau in the Ponce Historic Zone. In 2016, it moved to the renovated Ponce Servicios Building.

The Ponce Historical Archive boasts collections of newspapers published in the city from the 18th through the 21st century, including La Gaceta de Puerto Rico, El Aguila de Puerto Rico, El Universal, El Diario de Puerto Rico among others. Also archived there is La Perla del Sur.

## Services

The Ponce Municipal Library offers among its services a nearly half-million dollars virtual education center with access to over 30 digital services covering subjects from Auto Repair to Health and Medicine to Literature to encyclopedias and dictionaries with a fleet of some 150 computers. There is a *Mi Rincón de Lectura* (English: Children's Reading Corner) providing a setting for parents who want to read to their kids. The two-story main library structure also has a youth library, sponsored by the international children's literature introductory program known as PIALI, *Programa Internacional de Acercamiento a la Literatura Infantil* (English: International Children's Literature Introductory Program). The library is also a center for the temporary exposition of visual arts.

## Head librarians

* J. Joaquin Figueroa (ca. 1890 – ca. 1913)
* Georgina Lazaro (ca.1980 – ca.1990)
* Adelina Coppin Alvarado (ca.1990 – ca.2002)

## InfoBox

| Mariana Suárez de Longo Municipal Library | |
| --- | --- |
| Biblioteca Municipal Mariana Suárez de Longo | |
| Headquarters of the Ponce Public Library in Barrio San Antón, Ponce, Puerto Rico | |
|  | |
| 18°00′44″N 66°36′12″W / 18.01223°N 66.60339°W / 18.01223; -66.60339 | |
| Location | Boulevard Miguel Pou, Barrio San Antón, Ponce, Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico |
| Type | Public library |
| Established | 1870 |
| Branches | 7
***Within the city:***
* Clausells (Guillermo Jackson) at Victoria & Villa Madrid * Jaime L. Drew (Jose Rodriguez Ayala) at José Gautier Benítez Elementary School (closed 2018) * Playa (Rafaela Prieto Library) at Avenida Hostos Final  ***Outside the city:*** |
| Collection | |
| Size | 3,000 books + 60,000+ periodicals |
| Access and use | |
| Population served | 166,327 |
| Other information | |
| Budget | $500,000 |
| Director | Ms. Jo Arleen Torres Hernández |
| Employees | 39 |
| Website | bibliotecaponce.wordpress.com |
| References: *Las Fiestas Populares de Ponce.* Ramon Marin. | |


title: Kristian Kjærlund

abstract: Kristian Kjærlund is a Danish singer who became the winner of the twelfth season of the Danish version of the X Factor.

text:
# Kristian Kjærlund

**Kristian Kjærlund** is a Danish singer who became the winner of the twelfth season of the Danish version of the *X Factor*.

## Performances during *X Factor*

| Episode | Theme | Song | Artist | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Audition | Free choice | "Stare Into The Sun" | Graffiti6 | Through to 5 Chair Challenge |
| 5 Chair Challenge | Free choice | "Cough Syrup" | Young the Giant | Through to bootcamp |
| Bootcamp | Free choice | "The Ballad of Mona Lisa" | Panic! at the Disco | Through to live shows |
| Live show 1 | My Song | "Sweet Dreams, TN" | The Last Shadow Puppets | Safe (5th) |
| Live show 2 | Songs from the contestant's birthyears | "Common People" | Pulp | Safe (2nd) |
| Live show 3 | Songs from 2018/2019 | "Electrified" | Just Loud | Safe (2nd) |
| Live show 4 | Songs from films | "Blood in the Cut" | K.Flay | Safe (1st) |
| Live show 5 | Nordic songs | "Youth knows no pain" | Lykke Li | Safe |
| Live show 6 – Semi-final | One Hit Wonders | "You Get What You Give" | New Radicals | Safe (2nd) |
| | Duet with a Special Guest | "Wish You Were Gay" (with Chili Pedersen) | | Billie Eilish |
| Live show 7 – Final | Judge's Choice | "Do I Wanna Know?" | Arctic Monkeys | Safe (1st) |
| | Producer's Choice | "Green Light" | | Lorde |
| | Winner's single | "Lost and Profound" | Kristian Kjærlund | **Winner** |
|

## Discography

### Singles

### EPs

## InfoBox

| Kristian Kjærlund | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1996<br>Hatting, Horsens, Denmark |
| Origin | Hatting, Horsens, Denmark |
| Genres | Pop |
| Occupation | Singer |
| Instrument | Vocals |
| Years active | 2019–present |
| Labels | Sony Music |


title: Carpophthoromyia vittata

abstract: Carpophthoromyia vittata is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Carpophthoromyia of the family Tephritidae.

text:
# Carpophthoromyia vittata

***Carpophthoromyia vittata*** is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus *Carpophthoromyia* of the family Tephritidae.

## InfoBox

| *Carpophthoromyia vittata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tephritidae |
| Genus: | *Carpophthoromyia* |
| Species: | ***C. vittata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Carpophthoromyia vittata***<br>(Fabricius, 1794) | |
|


title: EuroBasket Women 2021 final

abstract: The 2021 FIBA Women's EuroBasket final was played at the Pavelló Municipal Font de Sant Lluís in Valencia, Spain, on 27 June 2021. Serbia won their second title winning 63–54 in the final.

text:
# EuroBasket Women 2021 final

The **2021 FIBA Women's EuroBasket final** was played at the Pavelló Municipal Font de Sant Lluís in Valencia, Spain, on 27 June 2021. Serbia won their second title winning 63–54 in the final.

## Road to the final

| France | | Round | Serbia | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Opponent | Result |  | Opponent | Result |
| Croatia | 105–63 | Game 1 | Italy | 86–81 (OT) |
| Czech Republic | 71–51 | Game 2 | Greece | 85–51 |
| Russia | 85–59 | Game 3 | Montenegro | 87–75 |
| Pos Team Pld Pts  1  France (H) 3 6  2  Russia 3 5  3  Croatia 3 4  4  Czech Republic 3 3   Source: FIBA
(H) Hosts | | First round | Pos Team Pld Pts  1  Serbia 3 6  2  Italy 3 5  3  Montenegro 3 4  4  Greece 3 3   Source: FIBA | |
| Opponent | Result |  | Opponent | Result |
| Bye | | Qual. for quarterfinals | Bye | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 80–67 | Quarterfinals | Spain | 71–64 (OT) |
| Belarus | 71–61 | Semifinals | Belgium | 74–73 |

## Match details

| France | 54**63** | **Serbia** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** 11–**14**, 15–**17**, 14–**17**, 14–**15** | | |
| **Pts:** Vukosavljević 15
**Rebs:** *three players* 5
**Asts:** Williams 5 |  | **Pts:** Anderson 18
**Rebs:** Krajišnik 13
**Asts:** Vasić 6 |

| Starters: Pts Reb Ast   PG **39** Alix Duchet 0 0 1   SG **23** Marine Johannès 13 4 2   SF **11** Valériane Vukosavljević 15 5 1   PF **5** Endéné Miyem 2 4 0   **7** Sandrine Gruda 5 4 2   Reserves:     PG **0** Olivia Époupa 0 0 0   PF **6** Alexia Chartereau 6 5 0   **8** Héléna Ciak 2 5 0   SG **10** Sarah Michel 6 2 2   **12** Iliana Rupert DNP   G/F **15** Gabby Williams 5 3 5   SF **93** Diandra Tchatchouang DNP   Head coach:  Valérie Garnier | France Statistics Serbia   10/32 (31.2%) 2-pt field goals 18/43 (41.9%)  8/21 (38.1%) 3-pt field goals 7/18 (38.9%)  10/12 (83.3%) Free throws 6/8 (75%)  6 Offensive rebounds 5  32 Defensive rebounds 29  38 Total rebounds 34  13 Assists 14  19 Turnovers 9  3 Steals 9  2 Blocks 2  13 Fouls 17 | Starters: Pts Reb Ast   SG **23** Ana Dabović 9 0 1   SF **5** Sonja Vasić 12 8 6   PF **9** Jelena Brooks 15 5 0   PF **11** Aleksandra Crvendakić 0 2 0   **33** Tina Krajišnik 2 13 2   Reserves:     SG **6** Saša Čađo 0 1 1   SG **8** Nevena Jovanović 3 0 0   PG **10** Dajana Butulija DNP   PG **12** Yvonne Anderson 18 1 4   PF **24** Maja Škorić 2 1 0   SF **25** Maša Janković DNP   PF **32** Angela Dugalić 2 1 0   Head coach:  Marina Maljković |
| --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

EuroBasket Women 2021 Final
| **Serbia**  France | |
| --- | --- |
| 1 2 3 4 Total  **Serbia** 14 17 17 15 63  France 11 15 14 14 54 | |
| Date | 27 June 2021 |
| Venue | Pavelló Municipal Font de Sant Lluís, Valencia |
| Attendance | 2,376 |


title: Scopula anaitisaria

abstract: Scopula anaitisaria is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1861. It is found in southern India.

text:
# Scopula anaitisaria

***Scopula anaitisaria*** is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1861. It is found in southern India.

## InfoBox

| *Scopula anaitisaria* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Scopula* |
| Species: | ***S. anaitisaria*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Scopula anaitisaria***<br>(Walker, 1861) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Acidalia anaitisaria* Walker, 1861 | |


title: Erskine Childers

abstract:
Erskine Childers may refer to:
  - Erskine Childers (author) (1870–1922), author and Irish nationalist, who served as secretary-general of the Irish delegation that negotiated the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1921
  - Erskine Hamilton Childers (1905–1974), Fianna Fáil minister who became President of Ireland, son of the above
  - Erskine Barton Childers (1929–1996), UN civil servant, Senior Adviser to UN Director-General for Development and International Economic Co-operation, son of the above

text:
# Erskine Childers

**Erskine Childers** may refer to:

* Erskine Childers (author) (18701922), author and Irish nationalist, who served as secretary-general of the Irish delegation that negotiated the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1921
* Erskine Hamilton Childers (19051974), Fianna Fáil minister who became President of Ireland, son of the above
* Erskine Barton Childers (19291996), UN civil servant, Senior Adviser to UN Director-General for Development and International Economic Co-operation, son of the above


title: Susquehecka Creek

abstract: Susquehecka Creek, once known as Freeburg Creek or Freeburg Run, is a tributary of Middle Creek in Snyder County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 5.4 miles (8.7 km) long and flows through Washington Township and Freeburg. The watershed of the creek has an area of 9.44 square miles (24.4 km⁲). The creek has one named tributary, Dry Run. Part of Susquehecka Creek is impaired by sedimentation/siltation due to agriculture. A number of bridges have been constructed over the creek. Its watershed is designated as a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery.

text:
# Susquehecka Creek

**Susquehecka Creek**, once known as **Freeburg Creek** or **Freeburg Run**, is a tributary of Middle Creek in Snyder County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 5.4 miles (8.7 km) long and flows through Washington Township and Freeburg. The watershed of the creek has an area of 9.44 square miles (24.4 km2). The creek has one named tributary, Dry Run. Part of Susquehecka Creek is impaired by sedimentation/siltation due to agriculture. A number of bridges have been constructed over the creek. Its watershed is designated as a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery.

## Course

Susquehecka Creek begins in a broad valley known as Pleasant Valley, in Washington Township. It flows east-northeast for a few miles alongside Pennsylvania Route 35, crossing it twice. As the creek nears Freeburg, it receives the tributary Dry Run from the left and turns northeast, entering Freeburg. After a few tenths of a mile, it turns east-southeast for a short distance and reenters Washington Township before turning east-northeast, continuing to follow Pennsylvania Route 35. After more than a mile, the creek arrives at the end of Pleasant Valley and reaches its confluence with Middle Creek.

Susquehecka Creek joins Middle Creek 3.22 miles (5.18 km) upstream of its mouth.

### Tributaries

Susquehecka Creek has one named tributary, which is known as Dry Run. Dry Run joins Susquehecka Creek 2.64 miles (4.25 km) upstream of its mouth, at Freeburg, and drains an area of 1.83 square miles (4.7 km2).

## Hydrology

A reach of Susquehecka Creek is designated as an impaired waterbody. The cause of the impairment is siltation/sedimentation and the likely source of the impairment is grazing-related agriculture.

## Geography and geology

The elevation near the mouth of Susquehecka Creek is 436 feet (133 m) above sea level. The elevation of the creek's source is 614 feet (187 m) above sea level. The creek is a relatively small stream.

In the middle of the 20th century, the channel of Susquehecka Creek was significantly modified and relocated. The modifications included straightening, adding dikes, cleaning, and widening and deepening. A. Joseph Armstrong's book *Trout Unlimited's Guide to Pennsylvania Limestone Streams* described the creek as "yet another alleged limestone stream in an area with little appeal".

## Watershed

The watershed of Susquehecka Creek has an area of 9.44 square miles (24.4 km2). The mouth of the creek is in the United States Geological Survey quadrangle of Freeburg. However, its source is in the quadrangle of Dalmatia.

Flooding has been known to occur along Susquehecka Creek and its tributary Dry Run in the borough of Freeburg.

The designated use of Susquehecka Creek is aquatic life.

## History

Susquehecka Creek was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1189115. The creek is also known as Freeburg Creek or Freeburg Run. The former variant name appears in a 1953 United States Geological Survey map. However in 1965, USGS agent William L. Cain discovered that no locals had heard of the name "Freeburg Creek", and that every local he spoke toincluding the then-mayor of Freeburg, a postmaster, a farmer, and a retired manknew the creek as "Susquehecka Creek", though only two people he spoke to knew how to spell it. The name "Susquehecka Creek" had already been in use for many years by 1965.

A concrete tee beam bridge carrying State Route 2003 over Susquehecka Creek was built in 1937, 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Freeburg and is 42.0 feet (12.8 m) long. A prestressed box beam or girders bridge carrying Pennsylvania Route 35 across the creek was built in 2008, 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Fremont and is 64.0 feet (19.5 m) long. This bridge replaced a steel bridge built over the creek in 1952.

## Biology

The drainage basin of Susquehecka Creek is designated as a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery. The creek has been officially proposed for future listing as a wild trout stream.

## InfoBox

| Susquehecka Creek | |
| --- | --- |
| Susquehecka Creek looking upstream in its lower reaches | |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Pleasant Valley in Washington Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania |
| elevation | 614 ft (187 m) |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Middle Creek in Washington Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania |
| coordinates | 40°46′28″N 76°54′09″W / 40.77434°N 76.90261°W / 40.77434; -76.90261 |
| elevation | 436 ft (133 m) |
| Length | 5.4 mi (8.7 km) |
| Basin size | 9.44 sq mi (24.4 km2) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Middle Creek → Penns CreekSusquehanna RiverChesapeake Bay |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | Dry Run |


title: SSHFP record

abstract: A Secure Shell fingerprint record is a type of resource record in the Domain Name System (DNS) which identifies SSH keys that are associated with a host name. The acquisition of an SSHFP record needs to be secured with a mechanism such as DNSSEC for a chain of trust to be established.

text:
# SSHFP record

A **Secure Shell fingerprint record** (abbreviated as **SSHFP record**) is a type of resource record in the Domain Name System (DNS) which identifies SSH keys that are associated with a host name. The acquisition of an SSHFP record needs to be secured with a mechanism such as DNSSEC for a chain of trust to be established.

## Structure

```
<span class="nowrap">⟨Name⟩</span> [<span class="nowrap">⟨[[Time to Live|TTL]]⟩</span>] [<span class="nowrap">⟨Class⟩</span>] SSHFP <span class="nowrap">⟨[[Algorithm]]⟩</span> <span class="nowrap">⟨Type⟩</span> <span class="nowrap">⟨[[Hash function|Fingerprint]]⟩</span>
```
NameThe name of the object to which the resource record belongs (optional) TTLTime to live (in seconds). Validity of Resource Records (optional) ClassProtocol group to which the resource record belongs (optional) AlgorithmAlgorithm (0: reserved; 1: RSA; 2: DSA, 3: ECDSA; 4: Ed25519 6:Ed448;) TypeAlgorithm used to hash the public key (0: reserved; 1: SHA-1; 2: SHA-256) FingerprintHexadecimal representation of the hash result, as text

## Example

```
host.example.com.  SSHFP 4 2 123456789abcdef67890123456789abcdef67890123456789abcdef123456789

```

In this example, the host with the domain name `host.example.com` uses a Ed25519 key with the SHA-256 fingerprint `123456789abcdef67890123456789abcdef67890`. This output would be produced by a `ssh-keygen -r host.example.com.` command on the target server by reading the existing default SSH host key (Ed25519).

With the OpenSSH suite, the `ssh-keyscan` utility can be used to determine the fingerprint of a host's key; using the `-D` will print out the SSHFP record directly.

1. Griffin, Wesley; Schlyter, Jakob (January 2006). "RFC 4255 — Using DNS to Securely Publish Secure Shell (SSH) Key Fingerprints". Retrieved 2017-12-28.
2. Surý, Ondřej (April 2012). "RFC 6594 — Use of the SHA-256 Algorithm with RSA, Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA), and Elliptic Curve DSA (ECDSA) in SSHFP Resource Records". Retrieved 2017-12-28.
3. Moonesamy, S. (March 2015). "RFC 7479 — Using Ed25519 in SSHFP Resource Records". Retrieved 2017-12-28.
4. Harris, Ben; Velvindron, Loganaden (February 2020). "RFC 8709 — Ed25519 and Ed448 Public Key Algorithms for the Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol". Retrieved 2021-10-16.
5. "ssh-keygen(1) - Linux manual page". *www.man7.org*. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
6. "ssh-keyscan(1)". *OpenBSD manual pages*.


title: Sasha Yevtushenko

abstract: Alexander "Sasha" Yevgenevich Yevtushenko is a director and producer of radio dramas for BBC Radio. He is a son of Russian poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko and his third wife, English translator Jan Butler. In 2016 an adaptation of Mikhail Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita produced by Yevtushenko won the BBC Audio Drama Award in the Best Adaptation category. In 2018, Katie Hims' Black Eyed Girls, which he directed, won the BBC Audio Drama Award for Best Series/Serial.

text:
# Sasha Yevtushenko

**Alexander "Sasha" Yevgenevich Yevtushenko** (born 31 January 1979) is a director and producer of radio dramas for BBC Radio. He is a son of Russian poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko and his third wife, English translator Jan Butler.

In 2016 an adaptation of Mikhail Bulgakov's *The Master and Margarita* produced by Yevtushenko won the BBC Audio Drama Award in the Best Adaptation category. In 2018, Katie Hims' *Black Eyed Girls*, which he directed, won the BBC Audio Drama Award for Best Series/Serial.

## Selected works

As director:

As producer:

## InfoBox

| Sasha Yevtushenko | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Aleksandr Yevgenevich Yevtushenko (*Александр Евгеньевич Евтушенко*)<br>(1979-01-31) 31 January 1979 |
| Other names | Alexander Yevtushenko |
| Occupation(s) | Radio director and producer |
| Employer | BBC Radio |
| Parents |  |


title: Pony Express (roller coaster)

abstract: Pony Express is a steel motorbike roller coaster at Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park, California. It is the first motocoaster built by Zamperla in the United States, opening on May 22, 2008. The ride features motorbike-style seating and a flywheel launch system.

text:
# Pony Express (roller coaster)

**Pony Express** is a steel motorbike roller coaster at Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park, California. It is the first motocoaster built by Zamperla in the United States, opening on May 22, 2008. The ride features motorbike-style seating and a flywheel launch system.

## Background

Pony Express was a $9 million project that was added to the Ghost Town section of the park. The theme of the attraction is based on the historic Pony Express mail service. The attraction is designed to give riders the experience of being part of this delivery system, zooming over hills and around turns. Its "out-and-back" course shows riders views of Boot Hill and Calico River Rapids, two popular attractions also located in Ghost Town. Knott's Berry Farm has given it a thrill rating of "high thrill" (4 out of 5) and is enjoyable for people for all ages.

## Design

The ride lasts for 36 seconds and is made up of a 1,300 foot-long steel track that reaches speeds of up to 38 miles per hour and heights of up to 44 feet. Each train has 8 rows, with 2 seats in each row and the ride can accommodate up to 900 passengers per hour. Each rider's seat is shaped like a horse, and the rider straddles the saddle seat to create the feeling that they are riding on a horse. An automated restraint system secures the rider in their seat, pressing against his/her lower back, allowing the upper body to move fairly freely.

## Mechanics

The Pony Express was one of the first of its kind to be built in the United States. It is based on a new design called a Motocoaster. This model was manufactured by Zamperla, a roller coaster and attraction company centered in Vicenza, Italy. Riders straddle the seats like a motorcycle or horse, hence the name Motocoaster. Unlike most coasters, the ride doesn't use potential energy attained from ascending a hill via chain lift. Instead, the ride uses a flywheel and clutch system that catches a cable attached to the cars and delivers stored rotational energy, launching riders from 0 to 38 miles per hour down a straight launch track in less than 3 seconds.

## Incident

During the first two years of operation, the ride functioned smoothly without difficulties. However, on October 7, 2010, during the park's annual Knott's Scary Farm event, a train containing nine riders failed to clear the first hill, rolling backwards into the loading station and crashing into another train. The collision injured 10 people, nine in the car and one preparing to board the stationary train. All 10 were taken to the hospital, but none were reported to have major injuries. The ride reopened a few days later. Since then, no major malfunctions of the Pony Express have been reported.

## InfoBox

| Pony Express | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Knott's Berry Farm | |
| Location | Knott's Berry Farm |
| Park section | Ghost Town \- Wild Water Wilderness |
| Coordinates | 33°50′34.54″N 118°0′4.62″W / 33.8429278°N 118.0012833°W / 33.8429278; -118.0012833 |
| Status | Operating |
| Opening date | May 22, 2008 |
| Replaced | Wilderness Scrambler |
| General statistics | |
| Type | Steel Motorbike Launched |
| Manufacturer | Zamperla |
| Model | *MotoCoaster* |
| Height | 44 ft (13 m) |
| Length | 1,300 ft (400 m) |
| Speed | 38 mph (61 km/h) |
| Duration | 0:36 |
| Capacity | 900 riders per hour |
| Acceleration | 0 to 38 mph (0 to 61 km/h) in 3 seconds |
| Height restriction | 48 in (122 cm) |
| Trains | 2 trains with 8 cars. Riders are arranged 2 across in a single row for a total of 16 riders per train. |
| Fast Lane available | |
| Pony Express at RCDB | |


title: Tate Makgoe

abstract: Pule Herbert Isak Makgoe was a South African politician and anti-apartheid activist. A member of the African National Congress, he was elected to the Free State Provincial Legislature in 1994. After holding multiple positions in the Executive Council of the Free State, he was appointed Member of the Executive Council for Education in May 2009, a position he would hold until his death in March 2023.

text:
# Tate Makgoe

**Pule Herbert Isak Makgoe** (12 May 1963 – 5 March 2023) was a South African politician and anti-apartheid activist. A member of the African National Congress, he was elected to the Free State Provincial Legislature in 1994. After holding multiple positions in the Executive Council of the Free State, he was appointed Member of the Executive Council for Education in May 2009, a position he would hold until his death in March 2023.

## Early life and education

Makgoe was born on 12 May 1963 in Tumahole outside Parys in the Orange Free State Province. He received his primary education in Tumahole and attended high school in Sebokeng. He trained as a chemical engineer at the Technikon Vaal Triangle. He earned a Bachelor of Commerce from the University of South Africa before earning a BCom honours degree from the University of the Free State. Makgoe later received a master's degree in business leadership from UNISA. In September 2018, he received an honorary doctorate in Business Administration from the Vaal University of Technology. At the time of his death in March 2023, Makgoe was enrolled for a Doctor of Philosophy in Education at the University of the Free State.

## Early political career

Makgoe left South Africa in 1984 to join the military wing of the African National Congress, Umkhonto we Sizwe. He was incarcerated at the Sun City Prison between 1986 and 1991 due to his involvement in anti-apartheid activities. After the ANC was unbanned, Makgoe served on the party's Northern Free State Regional Executive Committee in 1991. He was the party's provincial campaign manager in the Free State in the 1994 general elections. Makgoe was the ANC's provincial treasurer between 1998 and 2001 and served on the Provincial Executive Committee.

## Free State Provincial Government

Makgoe was elected to the Free State Provincial Legislature in the 1994 election. He was appointed to the first Executive Council of the Free State as the Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Finance, a position he would hold until he and the provincial executive council resigned in 1996. In 1997, he was appointed MEC for Tourism and Environmental Affairs by newly elected premier Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri.

Following his re-election in 1999, Makgoe was appointed MEC for Agriculture by then premier Winkie Direko. He would not hold the position for long as he was fired as an MEC during cabinet reshuffle by Direko in June 2001. Makgoe then served as chairperson of committees in the Free State legislature between 2001 and 2004. Makgoe returned to the executive council after the 2004 general election when newly appointed premier Beatrice Marshoff announced that Makgoe would take up the role of MEC for Public Safety, Security and Liaison. Less than one year later, in April 2005, Makgoe was appointed MEC for Finance in a reshuffle done by Marshoff.

Ace Magashule was elected as premier following the 2009 general election and announced his executive council on 11 May 2009, in which Makgoe was named MEC for Education. Makgoe would remain in the position during Magashule and Sisi Ntombela premierships. Following his re-appointment to the role in May 2019 by Ntombela, Makgoe was noted as being the province's longest serving MEC.

During his tenure, the Free State became the province with the highest matriculation rate in the country for four years in a row. In May 2021, Makgoe was conferred the Chancellor's Excellence Award by the Central University of Technology for his contribution to education. Makgoe led an anti-bullying campaign in March 2022 following incidents of alleged racism and discrimination in the Lejweleputswa District.

Makgoe served on the Council of the University of the Free State as the representative of the Premier of the Free State between 1 November 2010 to 31 December 2018.

## Personal life

Makgoe was married to Ivy and they had three children together.

On 26 July 2020, Ntombela announced that Makgoe had contracted COVID-19 and had also been admitted to a hospital. She named Makalo Mohale as his acting successor until further notice.

## Death

Makgoe and his bodyguard, Warrant Office Vuyo Mdi, died in the early hours of 5 March 2023 in a car accident on the N1 highway outside Winburg when the car they were travelling in collided with two stray cows at a very high rate of speed. Makgoe and Mdi were declared deceased on the scene, while driver Pule Nkopane was transferred to the Winburg Hospital. President Cyril Ramaphosa, the Minister of Basic Education Angie Motshekga, newly elected Free State premier Mxolisi Dukwana, and the South African Democratic Teachers Union paid tribute to Makgoe.

## InfoBox

| DrTate Makgoe | |
| --- | --- |
| Makgoe in 2022 | |
|  | |
| Member of the Free State Executive Council for Education | |
| **In office**
11 May 2009  5 March 2023 | |
| Premier |  |
| Preceded by | Mxolisi Dukwana (acting) |
| Succeeded by | Makalo Mohale |
| Member of the Free State Provincial Legislature | |
| **In office**
May 1994  5 March 2023 | |
| Member of the Free State Executive Council for Finance | |
| **In office**
20 April 2005  11 May 2009 | |
| Premier | Beatrice Marshoff |
| Preceded by | Playfair Morule |
| Succeeded by | Seiso Mohai |
| **In office**
1994–1996 | |
| Premier | Mosioua Lekota |
| Preceded by | *Office established* |
| Member of the Free State Executive Council for Public Safety, Security and Liaison | |
| **In office**
3 May 2004  20 April 2005 | |
| Premier | Beatrice Marshoff |
| Preceded by | Itumeleng Benny Kotsoane |
| Succeeded by | Playfair Morule |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Pule Herbert Isak Makgoe
12 May 1963
Tumahole, Parys, Orange Free State Province, South Africa |
| Died | 5 March 2023(2023-03-05) (aged 59)
N1 near Winburg, Free State, South Africa |
| Political party | African National Congress |
| Spouse | Ivy |
| Children | 3 |
| Alma mater |  |
|  | |


title: Kristian Kojola

abstract: Kristian Kojola is a retired Finnish professional football central defender. Kojola started his senior career in Espoo, Finland where he played for the local team FC Espoo before moving to FC Hämeenlinna. He also represented the Finland national football team. He retired after the 2018 season.

text:
# Kristian Kojola

**Kristian Kojola** (born 12 September 1986) is a retired Finnish professional football central defender. Kojola started his senior career in Espoo, Finland where he played for the local team FC Espoo before moving to FC Hämeenlinna. He also represented the Finland national football team.

He retired after the 2018 season.

## Club career

### Early career

Kojola started his senior career in 2003 in FC Espoo. During season 2005 he made his Veikkausliiga debut in AC Allianssi. Between 2005 and 2007 he represented FC Hämeenlinna. He made his Veikkausliiga breakthrough in 2008 when he gained 16 caps in FF Jaro. He transferred to Tampere United for the season 2010. In the end of 2010 Tampere United was excluded from participating in Finnish football and Kojola moved to IFK Mariehamn.

### IFK Mariehamn

He gained 61 caps and scored 3 goals for IFK Mariehamn between 2011 and 2012.

### Hallescher FC

Kojola spent season 2013–2014 in German Hallescher FC. He made 36 appearances and scored one goal.

### Return to IFK Mariehamn

After his contract with Hallescher expired in 2014 he returned to IFK Mariehamn for the end of 2014 Veikkausliiga season. They won the 2015 Finnish Cup before claiming the 2016 Veikkausliiga title. In Kojola's final season at the team he also served as the team captain.

## International career

Kojola played with the Finland national under-17 football team at 2003 FIFA U-17 World Championship in Finland.

## Honours

### Club

Hallescher FC IFK Mariehamn

### Individual

## Career statistics

### Club

*As of 6 January 2021*

| Club | Season | Division | League | | Domestic Cups | | Europe | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| FC Espoo |
| | 2003 | Kakkonen | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 1 |
| | 2004 | Kakkonen | 20 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 2 |
| | 2005 | Kakkonen | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| | 2006 | Kakkonen | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 1 |
| | **FC Espoo Total** | | 47 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | 4 |
| Allianssi | 2005 | Veikkausliiga | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| FC Hämeenlinna |
| | 2005 | Ykkönen | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 0 |
| | 2006 | Ykkönen | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 |
| | 2007 | Ykkönen | 25 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 2 |
| | **FC Hämeenlinna Total** | | 46 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | 3 |
| Jaro |
| | 2008 | Veikkausliiga | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| | 2009 | Veikkausliiga | 26 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 2 |
| | **Jaro Total** | | 42 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42 | 2 |
| Tampere United |
| | 2010 | Veikkausliiga | 21 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 4 |
| | 2011 | Veikkausliiga | 0 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 2 |
| | **Tampere United Total** | | 21 | 4 | 13 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 6 |
| IFK Mariehamn |
| | 2011 | Veikkausliiga | 28 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 2 |
| | 2012 | Veikkausliiga | 32 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 38 | 1 |
| | **IFK Mariehamn Total** | | 60 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 | 3 |
| Hallescher FC |
| | 2012–13 | 3. Liga | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| | 2013–14 | 3. Liga | 20 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 1 |
| | **Hallescher Total** | | 36 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 1 |
| IFK Mariehamn |
| | 2014 | Veikkausliiga | 11 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 1 |
| | 2015 | Veikkausliiga | 30 | 1 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 3 |
| | 2016 | Veikkausliiga | 33 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 41 | 1 |
| | 2017 | Veikkausliiga | 33 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 41 | 3 |
| | 2018 | Veikkausliiga | 30 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 | 2 |
| | **IFK Mariehamn Total** | | 137 | 8 | 28 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 169 | 10 |
| **Career Total** | | | 389 | 25 | 49 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 442 | 29 |
|

## InfoBox

Kristian Kojola
|  | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Kristian Jani-Petteri Kojola | | |
| Date of birth | (1986-09-12) 12 September 1986 | | |
| Place of birth | Espoo, Finland | | |
| Height | 1.87 m (6 ft 2 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Central Defender | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2003–2006 | FC Espoo | 31 | (4) |
| 2005 | AC Allianssi (loan) | 14 | (1) |
| 2007–2008 | FC Hämeenlinna | 26 | (0) |
| 2008–2009 | FF Jaro | 43 | (2) |
| 2010 | Tampere United | 21 | (4) |
| 2011–2012 | IFK Mariehamn | 61 | (3) |
| 2013–2014 | Hallescher FC | 36 | (1) |
| 2014–2018 | IFK Mariehamn | 137 | (8) |
| International career | | | |
| 2002–2003 | Finland U-17 | 11 | (0) |
| 2017 | Finland | 1 | (0) |
| Medal record      Hallescher FC  **Runner-up** Saxony-Anhalt Cup 2014 | | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Seven Feathers Casino Resort

abstract: Seven Feathers Casino Resort is a 298-room, AAA three-star hotel and casino located in Canyonville, Oregon, United States. The casino is owned by the Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians. At 232,500 square feet (21,600 m⁲), with 68,000 square feet (6,300 m⁲) of gaming space, it is the largest facility of its kind in Southern Oregon. The resort attracts over one million visitors annually.

text:
# Seven Feathers Casino Resort

**Seven Feathers Casino Resort** is a 298-room, AAA three-star hotel and casino located in Canyonville, Oregon, United States. The casino is owned by the Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians. At 232,500 square feet (21,600 m2), with 68,000 square feet (6,300 m2) of gaming space, it is the largest facility of its kind in Southern Oregon. The resort attracts over one million visitors annually.

## History

The casino originally opened as the 450-seat Cow Creek Bingo Hall in April 1992. It was then expanded into a casino in 1994, and expanded again in 1999, 2003, and 2009. A 147-room hotel was constructed alongside the casino in 1996, and 151 more rooms were added in 2009. The resort added a 191-space RV park in the summer of 2006.

## InfoBox

| Seven Feathers Casino Resort
 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Entrance to Seven Feathers | |
| Location in Oregon | |
| Location | Canyonville, Oregon |
| Address | 146 Chief Miwaleta Lane
Canyonville, Oregon 97417 |
| Opening date | April 1992 |
| Theme | Native American |
| No. of rooms | 298 |
| Total gaming space | 68,000 square feet (6,000 m2) |
| Signature attractions | Skookum Hyak (Bronze Eagle Statue) |
| Notable restaurants | Cow Creek Restaurant
K-Bar Steak House
Steelhead Lounge
Stix Sports Bar
Takelma Roasting Company |
| Owner | Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians |
| Previous names | Cow Creek Bingo Hall |
| Renovated in | 1999, 2003 |
| Coordinates | 42°56′21.36″N 123°17′03.36″W / 42.9392667°N 123.2842667°W / 42.9392667; -123.2842667 |
| Website | www.sevenfeathers.com |