title: Seedamm-Center

abstract: Seedamm-Center is a subsidiary of the Swiss Vögele Group which runs the shopping mall in the locality Pfäffikon of the municipality of Freienbach in the Canton of Schwyz.

text:
# Seedamm-Center

**Seedamm-Center** is a subsidiary of the Swiss Vögele Group which runs the shopping mall in the locality Pfäffikon of the municipality of Freienbach in the Canton of Schwyz.

## History

Seedamm-Center is counted among the most popular shopping destinations in the greater Zürich metropolitan area. At the time of its construction in 1974, it claimed to be one of the biggest mall properties in Switzerland. In 1985 a second building complex was added, and in 2005 the mall was rebuilt to fit present standards.

In March 2012 the management announced plans for an expansion of the sales area to 40,000 m2 (430,000 sq ft), being the sixth largest shopping center in Switzerland in 2016. To realize these plans, the westerly *Migrol* area should be used, as of September 2015 still separated by a road and a meadow, to enable further shops. Among others, an OBI garden center, a new Migros store and a Migros restaurant shall be realized to 2016, as well as additional 400 underground parking facilities to amount to a total of 1,800. The new building will be connected to the existing building complex, totalling in costs of about 100 million Swiss Francs for construction and infrastructure. A Federal Court judgment of 2005 demands among others establish the new facilities *emission-neutral*, but in 2012 the management also claimed to plan an office building and a petrol station with a shop and a new direct connection to the A3 national highway by a road bridge, built and financed by the shared owners, the *Seedamm Immobilien AG* and *Migros-Genossenschaft Zürich*. The *necessary adjustments* for the access to the highway had to be financed by the federal government. As of September 2014, four appeals have been filed at the federal court related to the modifications to the motorway exit Pfäffikon.

To the west of the shopping complex, the headquarter of the Charles Vögele group is situated, and to the north there's the complex of the Alpamare waterpark. The mall is named after the Seedamm area on the Zürichsee lake shore between Hurden and Rapperswil. The former *Seedamm Kulturzentrum* (now *Vögele Kultur Zentrum*) was built as a separate section of the building complex.

## Vögele Kultur Zentrum

The *Seedamm Kulturzentrum* was renamed to *Vögele Kultur Zentrum*. The cultural center claims to provide multidisciplinary exhibitions for an audience of wide interests. So different aspects of a socially relevant subject may be discussed on the basis of art, scenic installations, everyday objects and media contributions in the exhibitions, to *sensitize the visitors in an entertaining way, encouraging them to reflect as well as to discuss*. Interdisciplinary projects, events, a cultural bulletin and *versatile placement deals accompany all exhibitions*.

The former *Seedamm Kulturzentrum* is listed in the Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance as a *Class A* object of national importance.

## InfoBox

Seedamm-Center
| Logo as of 2014 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Pfäffikon |
| Coordinates | 47°12′07″N 8°47′28″E / 47.201963°N 8.791013°E / 47.201963; 8.791013 |
| Address | Gwattstrasse 11, CH-8808 Pfäffikon SZ |
| Opening date | 3 October 1974 |
| Developer | Charles Vögele Gruppe |
| Management | Hanspeter Gisler |
| Owner | Seedamm-Immobilien AG and Migros-Genossenschaft Zürich |
| No. of stores and services | 49 |
| Total retail floor area | 20,000 m2 (220,000 sq ft) |
| No. of floors | 4 |
| Parking | 1500 (free of cost) |
| Public transit access | Pfäffikon, local bus line 195 |
| Website | Official website (in German) |


title: Seacliff Lunatic Asylum

abstract: Seacliff Lunatic Asylum was a psychiatric hospital in Seacliff, New Zealand. When built in the late 19th century, it was the largest building in the country, noted for its scale and extravagant architecture. It became infamous for construction faults resulting in partial collapse, as well as a 1942 fire which destroyed a wooden outbuilding, claiming 37 lives, because the victims were trapped in a locked ward. The asylum was less than 20 miles north of Dunedin and close to the county centre of Palmerston, in an isolated coastal spot within a forested reserve. The site is now divided between the Truby King Recreation Reserve, where most of the old buildings have been demolished and most of the area remains dense woodland, and privately owned land where several of the smaller hospital buildings have been renovated completely. Seacliff is claimed to be haunted by former patients of what was the country's biggest building at the time.

text:
# Seacliff Lunatic Asylum

**Seacliff Lunatic Asylum** (often **Seacliff Asylum**, later **Seacliff Mental Hospital**) was a psychiatric hospital in Seacliff, New Zealand. When built in the late 19th century, it was the largest building in the country, noted for its scale and extravagant architecture. It became infamous for construction faults resulting in partial collapse, as well as a 1942 fire which destroyed a wooden outbuilding, claiming 37 lives (39 in other sources), because the victims were trapped in a locked ward.

The asylum was less than 20 miles north of Dunedin and close to the county centre of Palmerston, in an isolated coastal spot within a forested reserve. The site is now divided between the **Truby King Recreation Reserve**, where most of the old buildings have been demolished and most of the area remains dense woodland, and privately owned land where several of the smaller hospital buildings have been renovated completely.

Seacliff is claimed to be haunted by former patients of what was the country's biggest building at the time.

## History

### Planning

The need for a new asylum in the Dunedin area was created by the Otago gold rush expansion of the city, and triggered by the inadequacy of the Littlebourne Mental Asylum. In 1875, the Provincial Council decided to build a new structure on "a reserve of fine land at Brinn's Point, north of Port Chalmers". Initial work was begun in the "dense trackless forest" in 1878, though the Director of the Geological Survey criticised the site location, because he felt that the hillside was unstable.

Seacliff Asylum was one of the most important works of Robert Lawson, a New Zealand architect of the 19th century. Known for designing in a range of styles, including the Gothic Revival, he started work on the new asylum in 1874, and was involved with it until the completion of the main block in 1884. At that time, it was New Zealand's largest building, and was to house 500 patients and 50 staff. It had cost £78,000 to construct.

Architecturally, Lawson's work on the asylum was very exuberant, making some of his previous designs look comparatively tame. The asylum had turrets on corbels projecting from nearly every corner, with the gabled roof line dominated by a large tower complete with further turrets and a spire. The building contained four and a half million bricks made of local clay on the site and was 225 metres long by 67 metres wide. The great central tower of 50 m height, an essential element of many revivalist designs, was also proposed to double as an observation tower if inmates should try to escape.

It was later said of the building and its (forlorn) location that: "The Victorians might not have wanted their lunatics living with them, but they liked to house them grandly."

The asylum was progressively added to in later years as it was transformed to function as a working farm, though most of the newer buildings were much simpler wooden structures. Staff lived in separate accommodation close to the wards, and they were able to socialise in nearby Dunedin.

### Faults

Structural problems began to manifest themselves even before the first building was completed, and in 1887, only three years after the opening of the main block, a major landslide occurred – predicted as a risk by the surveyors – and affected a temporary building.

Problems with the design's stability could no longer be ignored even at the time, and in 1888 an enquiry into the collapse was set up. In February of that year, realising that he could be in legal trouble, Lawson applied to the enquiry to be allowed counsel to defend him. During the enquiry all involved in the construction – including the contractor, the head of the Public Works Department, the projects clerk of works and Lawson himself – gave evidence to support their competence. The enquiry decided that it was the architect who carried the ultimate responsibility, and Lawson was found both 'negligent and incompetent'. This may be considered an unreasonable finding as the nature of the site's underlying bentonite clays was beyond contemporary knowledge of soil mechanics, with Lawson singled out to bear the blame (but this disregards the fact that the site's problems had been pointed out by the surveyors). As New Zealand was at this time suffering an economic recession, Lawson found himself virtually unemployable.

The main block survived until 1959, when it was demolished because of further earth movement.

### Treatment

Treatment of the patients at Seacliff, whether insane, intellectually disabled or held in the institution for what would today be classed as simply being difficult, was often very callous, even cruel, a feature of many mental asylums of the times. Janet Frame, a writer, was held at the asylum during the 1940s and wrongly diagnosed as a schizophrenic. In her autobiography, she recalled that:

"The attitude of those in charge, who unfortunately wrote the reports and influenced the treatment, was that of reprimand and punishment, with certain forms of medical treatment being threatened as punishment for failure to 'co-operate' and where 'not co-operate' might mean a refusal to obey an order, say, to go to the doorless lavatories with six others and urinate in public while suffering verbal abuse by the nurse for being unwilling. 'Too fussy are we? Well, Miss Educated, you’ll learn a thing or two here."

Frame describes other patients being beaten for bedwetting, and that all patients tended to continually look for the possibility of running away. She only escaped lobotomy at Seacliff because of her new-found public success; she had won a literary prize while in the institution. Others were not so fortunate, being forced to submit to what today would be considered barbaric procedures such as the 'unsexing' operation (removal of fallopian tubes, ovaries and clitoris) of Annemarie Anon \[sic\] in what was at the time considered a 'successful' treatment. Electroconvulsive therapy was also widely used.

At the same time, Seacliff was groundbreaking in some parts of its treatment programme, with noted medical reformer Truby King appointed Medical Superintendent in 1889, a position he held for 30 years. Patients were 'prescribed' fresh air, exercise, good nutrition and productive work (for example, in on-site laundries, gardens, and a forge) as part of their therapeutic regime. King is credited as having turned what was essentially conceived as a prison into an efficient working farm. Another of King's innovations, was his implementation of small dormitories housed in buildings adjacent to the larger asylum. This style of accommodation has been considered the forerunner to the villa system later adopted by all mental health institutions in New Zealand.

A nurse working at the hospital in the later years of its operation describes the situation much less critically than Frame, noting that while many patients at Seacliff during her time (1940s) would not have been confined in modern days, the atmosphere was more like that of a large working community. Patients capable of working were asked to help with various duties, partly because of staff shortages in World War II. Unless considered dangerous, patients were allowed some liberties, such as being allowed to go fishing – an activity that provided patients with leisure time, while also helping the fishing business Truby King had long ago established at nearby Karitane.

### Fatal fire

Around 9:45 pm on 8 December 1942, a fire broke out in Ward 5 of the hospital (also called the 'Simla' building). Ward 5 was a two-storey wooden structure added onto the original construction, holding 39 (41 according to some sources) female patients. All patients had been locked into their rooms or into the 20-bed dormitory, partially because World War II had caused a nursing staff shortage. Checks were made only once an hour.

After the fire was noticed by a male attendant, the hospital's firefighters tried to extinguish the flames with water from a close-by hydrant, while two women were saved from rooms that did not have locked shutters. However, the flames were too strong, and after an hour the ward was reduced to ashes, though the fire was kept from spreading to other buildings. All patients who remained in Ward 5 are thought to have died from suffocation from smoke inhalation.

An inquiry into the fire criticised the lack of nursing staff, but praised the firefighters for their prompt and valiant actions, including the quick evacuation of many other patients in nearby threatened buildings. It also remarked on the critical absence of sprinklers (present in other new sections of the institution), and recommended their installation in all psychiatric institutions. The cause of the fire was not found, though there was speculation about an electrical short circuit due to shifting foundations. The disaster remained New Zealand's worst loss of life in a fire until the Ballantyne's store disaster in Christchurch five years later.

### Aftermath

Primarily as a result of worsening ground conditions which progressively affected many of the buildings, the hospital functions of Seacliff were progressively moved to Cherry Farm, closing in 1973. The site was subdivided, with the land surrounding the original building site later becoming **Truby King Recreation Reserve**, having passed into the ownership of Dunedin City in 1991. Around 80% of the reserve is densely wooded, with the area commonly called the 'Enchanted Forest'. The last remaining building in the reserve was demolished due to structural faults in 1992, after an initiative to establish a transport museum had failed.

The remaining area of hospital buildings outside the Reserve is privately owned. In the summer of 2006-2007, regular guided tours of the hospital grounds were operated in conjunction with the Taieri Gorge Railway's *Seasider* tourist train service.

In November 2023, a femur and patient tag were found in a shallow grave under a tree in the reserve, leading to a police investigation. The femur was found to be an animal bone.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Seacliff Lunatic Asylum | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Seacliff, New Zealand |
| Coordinates | 45°40′31″S 170°37′20″E / 45.675254°S 170.622091°E / -45.675254; 170.622091 |
| Organisation | |
| Type | Specialist |
| Services | |
| Beds | 500 |
| Speciality | Psychiatric hospital |
| History | |
| Construction started | 1878 |
| Opened | 1884 |
| Closed | 1973 |
| Links | |
| Lists | Hospitals in New Zealand |


title: Seacliff State Beach

abstract: Seacliff State Beach is a state beach park on Monterey Bay, in the town of Aptos, Santa Cruz County, California. It is located off Highway 1 on State Park Drive, about 5 miles (8 km) south of Santa Cruz. The beach is most known for the concrete ship SS Palo Alto lying in the water. North of Seacliff State Beach is New Brighton State Beach.

text:
# Seacliff State Beach

**Seacliff State Beach** is a state beach park on Monterey Bay, in the town of Aptos, Santa Cruz County, California. It is located off Highway 1 on State Park Drive, about 5 miles (8 km) south of Santa Cruz. The beach is most known for the concrete ship SS *Palo Alto* lying in the water. North of Seacliff State Beach is New Brighton State Beach.

## History

The beach was originally home to the Ohlone people. Spanish missionaries established the Mission Santa Cruz about eight miles west of here.

In 1821, when Mexico gained independence from Spain, the area was divided up into land grants. The area of the beach was a part of the Rancho Aptos grant to Rafael Castro in 1833. Castro worked with Claus Spreckels to establish the Castro-Spreckels wharf. The beach soon became a successful shipping port. The logging industry also thrived here with the local coast redwood trees.

The port facilitated major trade with the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi. In 1838, King Kamehameha III requested that Mexican vaqueros from California travel to Hawaiʻi to teach Hawaiians how to manage herds of wild cattle. Seacliff became a popular place to recruit vaqueros, who were known as paniolos by the Hawaiians.

In the 1850s, Thomas Fallon acquired part of the beach and turned it into a resort, which he named "New Brighton", in honor of his favorite seaside resort in England.

In the 1920s, after Claus Spreckels' death, sections of the beach were developed into the Seacliff Park and the Rio Del Mar Country Club.

In 1930, the first California state grant for preserving land was granted for the beach and, in 1931, it became a state beach.

### SS *Palo Alto*

The beach's most notable feature is the World War I concrete ship SS *Palo Alto* formerly lying at the end of a wooden pier. The unfinished ship was hauled to Seacliff Beach in 1930 by the Cal-Nevada Company, beached, and turned into an amusement center, complete with a ballroom, a cafe, a 4-foot heated pool, and carnival booths. The company went bankrupt after two seasons and the ship was stripped. It is now permanently closed to the public. In the 2016-2017 storm season, a section of the ship overturned, and the pier was damaged. During the 2022–2023 storms, the ship was further broken down and the pier was extensively damaged, with the part closest to the ship being destroyed. Demolition of the pier began on March 20, 2023 and has since been completed.

## Animal and plant life

The beach is home to many types of birds and marine life, including mussels, ocean worms, sea stars, sea anemones, barnacles, rock crabs, harbor seals, anglers, flounder, mackerel, halibut, lingcod, perch, cabezon, jacksmelt, steelhead, anchovy, bocaccio (tomcod), kingfish, dark seabirds, sea lions, dolphins, sea otters, whales, and great white sharks. The Palo Alto serves as a main place for marine life.

## Recreation

Seacliff includes RV facilities, picnic tables, and fire pits. It is also a popular place for surfing and fishing.

## InfoBox

| Seacliff State Beach | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Aptos, California |
| Coordinates | 36°58′20″N 121°54′50″W / 36.97222°N 121.91389°W / 36.97222; -121.91389 |
| Established | 1931 |
| Governing body | California Department of Parks and Recreation |
| www.parks.ca.gov/default.asp?page\_id=543 | |


title: The Mole series 1

abstract: Series 1 of The Mole took place in Jersey and France and was hosted by Glenn Hugill.

text:
# The Mole series 1

Series 1 of *The Mole* took place in Jersey and France and was hosted by Glenn Hugill.

## Contestants

| Player | Age | Hometown | Eliminated | Occupation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Jules Woolston** | 33 | Bolton | Episode 1 | Conference Organizer |
| **Gloria Bernard** | 47 | Farnborough | Episode 2 | Project Administrator |
| **Paul Wallace-Sims** | 35 | Bognor Regis | Episode 3 | Religious Studies Teacher |
| **John Church** | 53 | London | Episode 4 | Company Director |
| **Jo-anna "Jo" Cortett** | 34 | Isle of Man | Episode 5 | Designer/Artist |
| **Oliver "Ollie" Norman** | 22 | Glasgow | Episode 6 | Trainee Lawyer |
| **Sara Lee** | 24 | Droitwich | Episode 7 | Financial Recruitment Consultant |
| **David Buxton** | 35 | London | The Mole | Merchandising Company Director |
| **Jennifer "Jenny" Waller** | 37 | Darlington | Runner-Up | Medical Representative |
| **Zi Khan** | 32 | Doncaster | Winner | Restaurateur |
|

## Execution Chart

## Episode List

### Episode 1

| Episode 1 recap | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mission | Money earned | Possible earnings |
| Tandem skydive | £10,000 | £10,000 |
| Luggage repack | £0 | £5,000 |
| Hostage rescue | £0 | £10,000 |
| **Current Kitty** | **£10,000** | **£25,000** |
| Execution | | |
| Jules | 1st player executed | |
|

**Tandem Skydive**: The ten contestants were placed into 2 separate planes with half in each . The played to jump from 10,000 feet tandem and land on a beach in Jersey. If any one did not jump, the money would be lost. However, all succeeded and won the money.

**Luggage repack**: The players were separated into 2 cars. One car went to the hotel while the other containing Jules, Gloria, John, David and Jo were taken to the airport. There they had to repack their own luggage into rucksacks. They were given 10 minutes to place as much luggage into the bags with at least one item being left out. After the 10 minutes, they were then told they had to repack the other group's luggage but with only 7 minutes to do it but the same rules applied from before. When the time was up, the other group was brought in and had to guess what was left out. 3 out of the 5 had to get it right to win the money. Zi, Paul and Oliver got theirs wrong so the money was lost.

**Hostage rescue**: During dinner, Glenn asked the group who deserves an early morning call with votes being cast in secret. Zi was chosen and at the early hours was taken 45 minutes by car to a two-story building and locked in. The next morning, the group were first debriefed in a meeting room with various maps. No one noticed the name of the hostage location was on the maps but too concentrated on who was going in which mode of transport. The group was split in three, one team by boat (David, Sara and Oliver), one team by helicopter (John, Paul and Jo) and the team by car (Gloria, Jennifer and Jules). They were given 90 minutes to find Zi. Each team was given a phone with pre-programmed numbers of the other teams and Zi. Within each transport was a key which needed to be found to be able to free Zi but could not be used until all teams were there. With 3+12 minutes to spare they won the money.

However, later that night, the teams were shown footage of Jennifer driving the wrong way down a one-way street even with encouragement from the other players. Therefore, she broke the law. The rules state that if the law is broken then the money cannot be won so the money was taken away from them, losing them the game.

### Episode 2

| Episode 2 recap | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mission | Money earned | Possible earnings |
| Charity | £5,000 | £5,000 |
| Golf | £0 | £5,000 |
| Tiger rally | £0 | £10,000 |
| **Current Kitty** | **£15,000** | **£45,000** |
| Execution | | |
| Gloria | 2nd player executed | |
|

Gloria did not take part in any of the assignments as she was apparently ill.

**Charity**: At breakfast, the group was asked to choose the best golfer (Oliver) and someone who has never played before (Sara) who were taken to the later challenge. The remaining 6 were then asked to split into 3 pairs: artists (Jo and Jennifer), animal lovers (David and John), and extroverts (Zi and Paul). The teams had to make a total of £150 which all proceeds would go to a local children's charity on the island. They were given 3 hours to complete this. The artists had to draw pictures of holiday makers who asked for it. The animal lovers had to offer donkey rides to holiday makers and the extroverts has to put on a punch and Judy show for children. They raised £216.51 and won the money.

**Golf**: While the other challenge was going on, Oliver was teaching Sara the basics on golf in 3 hours. When the others arrived at the golf club, the team had to answer general knowledge questions to earn 2 shots for Sara to hit the ball with the first four were already given to her for free. Sara had to put the ball into the 18th hole on the course to win the money. With only Paul getting the question right. Sara didn't put the ball and lost the money.

**Tiger rally**: The group has to split into 3 teams, two teams of 3 and one team of 2. One person in each team would be the navigator while the others would be pit crew and have to change tires. The teams were: John, Jennifer and Zi. Paul, David and Sara leaving Oliver and Jo. Each team was given a classic car. The navigator had to guide a driver round a course using a map. Halfway through, there was a pit stop where the pit crew would have to swap the rear tires. The navigators (Paul, John and Oliver) were given a lap round the course in a mini cooper to learn the course before hand. The teams had to beat a target time of 20 minutes to win the money. There was trouble switching tires which was mainly accused on Jo, cost the team time and lost the challenge going over by 3 minutes.

### Episode 3

| Episode 3 recap | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mission | Money earned | Possible earnings |
| Bridge swing | £20,000 | £20,000 |
| Taste test | £0 | £5,000 |
| Night Maze | £15,000 | £15,000 |
| **Current Kitty** | **£50,000** | **£85,000** |
| Execution | | |
| Paul | 3rd player executed | |
|

For this episode, the players were taken from Jersey to the north of France but returned to Jersey for the rest of the series.

**Bridge swing**: The challenge was for the remaining 8 players to swing off of a bridge. If all 8 completed the swing within one hour of the first player swinging off the bridge, they would earn £20,000. All 8 completed the swing.

**Taste test**: The team is asked to divide themselves into 3 groups; 1 group of 2 and 2 groups of 3, with one group "with good taste" (who go to a local wine cellar to learn about wine making and tasting), "with an excellence nose" (who go to a local goat farm to learn of goat cheese), and the group of 2 "who can stand the heat" (taken to a château to learn French cooking). Then, during a black tie dinner, each team must use the info they gathered from their experience from the day to answer 1 question each. 2 out of 3 correct answers will win them £5,000.

Stand the Heat Team; (Jennifer and Zi) They are shown the 6 ingredients from the starter course that was prepared for dinner and put the ingredients in order of how the dish was prepared. The group got this answer wrong. However, even if they were correct, they would have been disqualified because John told them one of the ingredients was mint, even though the groups were told clear that only the group assigned to that task could answer, and that no other players can help.

Excellent Nose Team; (John, Sara, and Paul) They are given 3 goats cheeses to taste. 2 of the cheeses they had that day, while the other one they did not. They must pick the cheese they did not have to win. This one they got correct.

Good Taste Team; (Oliver, Jo, and David) They are given 3 red wines, 2 they tasted from the wine cellar they visited, while the other is not. They must choose the wine that they did not have that day. They answered wrong, losing the money.

**Night Maze**: The teams are brought to a maze (designed to look just like the "thumbprint" logo), and are divided into 4 teams of 2, with a Runner and a Navigator. The 4 runners must stay in the maze for a combined total of 5 minutes, as in the maze are 2 guards, to win £10,000. If even just one team is able to enter the maze and reach the exit, they will win £15,000. David entered the maze first, with Jennifer guiding him, and was able to survive for 1 minute and 31 seconds. Paul, with John directing him, only lasted for 20 seconds. Zi then tried, with Jo guiding him, and was caught after 32 seconds. Last was Oliver, with Sara guiding him. He had to survive for 2 minutes and 37 seconds or find the exit to win the money for the group. After 1 minute and 23 seconds, Oliver found the exit and won the team £15,000.

Paul correctly named the Mole's identity, having announced to the group that he knew who the Mole was. Later in a video diary, he cited David's company being named 'Black Sheep' as a hidden clue. Controversially, Paul was subsequently evicted from the show on the same episode, raising the question of whether he had been removed for discovering the Mole too early in the series.

### Episode 4

| Episode 4 recap | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mission | Money earned | Possible earnings |
| Fishing | £5,000 | £5,000 |
| Overnight Stay | £10,000 | £10,000 |
| Leave the Island | £5,000 | £5,000 |
| **Current Kitty** | **£70,000** | **£105,000** |
| Free Passes | | |
| None | No one took the offer in Overnight Stay | |
| Execution | | |
| John | 4th player eliminated | |
|

**Fishing**: The group is asked to nominate two players to be sea scouts (John and Oliver), and they are led to their own boat. The other five are sent on a fishing trip with a team of two fishing in calm waters (Jo and Sara) while the other three (Jennifer, David and Zi) taking on the high seas. The goal to win £5,000 is for both teams to catch a combined 7 kilograms of fish in a 3-hour time span, with the added rules that the fish must be caught themselves and they must be back within the 3 hours or the challenge will be lost automatically.

The deep sea team was able to reel in 6.5 kilograms, leaving the shallow water team to get just .5 kilograms. They ended up getting 6 kilograms, smashing the target number and winning the money.

**Overnight Stay**: During the team's fishing trip, the two sea scouts were instructed to build a shelter to house five people on a tiny island. In order to win £10,000, the five fishermen must stay on the island until 7:00 AM to win. If at any point one of them wants to leave, they have to call Glenn using a cellular phone. That player will be picked up and will spend the night on the yacht with the sea scouts team (John and Oliver). Leaving will result in a forfeit of the money and the player that leaves will also receive a free pass to the next round.

Zi was actually thinking about using the phone, however, David and Sara split up the phone, with one taking the battery and the other holding the phone itself. The group stayed all night, winning £10,000.

**Leave the Island**: The team is told that they must get off the island themselves and that all the materials they need are located on the island. They have 2 hours to reach Glenn and win £5,000, with an added rule that no one can get wet above the waist. If they feel like they can't make it, they can radio Glenn and he'll come and get them, however that will lose the money. They found an inflatable boat, however it had numerous holes. They were somehow able to fix it enough and make it to Glenn on the yacht without getting wet above the waist, winning the money.

### Episode 5

| Episode 5 recap | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mission | Money earned | Possible earnings |
| Brain Teasers | £0 | £5,000 |
| Blackjack | £0 | £0 |
| Family Game | £0 | £5,000 |
| Paintball | £0 | £10,000 |
| **Current Kitty** | **£70,000** | **£125,000** |
| Free Passes | | |
| Sara | Shoots Zi, who was last remaining teammate alive, in "Paintball". | |
| Execution | | |
| Jo | 5th player eliminated | |
|

**Brain Teasers**: The group is asked to split into 2 teams of 3 people. Each team has to enter an old war time fortification bunker to solve three brainteasers. Both teams have to solve all three brainteasers and exit the bunker in a combined time of less than 40 minutes. For every incorrect answer a team gives, they lose 5 minutes. The teams have to solve a brainteaser first before continuing. Team A of David, Sara, and Zi had one incorrect answer, but solved all three brainteasers in 19 minutes, 54 seconds. Team B of Jennifer, Jo, and Oliver therefore had to solve all three brainteasers in under 20 minutes 6 seconds. However, they had four incorrect answers, which is 20 minutes of penalties, going over the time limit and losing the challenge.

**Blackjack**: The players play five rounds or hands of blackjack to win chips that can be used as free passes against questions on the quiz. The aim is to get closest to 21 without going bust. The first winner wins 5 chips, which guarantees that one quarter of the 20 question quiz is correct. The second winner 4 chips and so on, down to one chip for the last winner. David won 5 chips, Oliver 4 chips, Jo 3 chips, Jennifer 2 chips and Zi 1 chip. Sara doesn't win any chips and cannot participate in the Family Game.

**Family Game**: On a stage inside an opera house, there are 12 individuals, arranged in two rows. Row 1 is numbered 1 to 6 and the second row is numbered 7 to 12. 6 of these individuals are family or friend of the players. 6 are imposters. The five players, who won chips in the blackjack game, have to guess the correct family member or friend. They have to get 21 correct out of 30 guesses to win £5,000. Jo's friend was correctly guessed 2 out of 5. Zi's friend was also correctly guessed 2 out of 5. Sara's friend was guessed by none of the five players, thus with already 11 incorrect guesses (4 of 15) the game was lost already. The game went on and David's partner was correctly guessed 4 of 5. Jennifer's brother 2 of 5 correctly guessed, and Oliver's friend was correctly guessed 3 times, for a final total of 13 correct guesses out of 30.

**Paintball**: Sara, who won no chips in the Blackjack game, is taken away from the group. The remaining contestants is brought to a course filled with planks and barrels set on a field. Sara is chained up and held captive in an army vehicle. The other 5 have to save her for £10,000. But there are snipers with paint guns. If the contestants are hit on their blue vest or on the head, they're dead. If they're hit anywhere else, it's a wound and they have to stop to put bandage on it. If they don't bandage it, the entire team will get disqualified. Three wounds equals death. To win the money, they have to go get Sara and return with her. If they get to Sara's location and unchain her, they can defend themselves with paintball guns. She has to be accompanied by at least 1 contestant. If she gets shot, they win nothing. If the other 5 all get shot... they win nothing. However, Sara (who had no free pass questions for the quiz) is offered a free pass to the next episode if she arrives alone to the finish line, but she would have to shoot her teammates and the money would be lost.

Zi is the first to reach Sara and finds the key to free Sara. Oliver and Jo also manage to reach Sara's location. David and Jennifer were out of the game, as the snipers hit them. Now armed, the four remaining players try to reach the finish line. Jo is isolated and a sniper hits her in the head. Jo is out. Oliver is protecting Sara while Zi is ahead of them on his own. Oliver gets hit, leaving Sara and Zi. Zi has to return to Sara's position. Zi proceeds to drag Sara to the finish despite Sara falling twice, somehow avoiding the snipers along the way. However, at the finish area, Sara shoots Zi twice, thereby earning herself a free pass to the next episode and the team wins no money.

### Episode 6

| Episode 6 recap | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mission | Money earned | Possible earnings |
| Death Slide | £0 | £10,000 |
| Prediction Game | £5,000 | £5,000 |
| Interrogation | £15,000 | £15,000 |
| **Current Kitty** | **£90,000** | **£155,000** |
| Free Passes | | |
| None | David forfeited his chance to win a free pass in "Interrogation" | |
| Elimination | | |
| Oliver | 6th player eliminated | |
|

**Death Slide**: The contestants are asked to each slide down a zipline between two cliffs and then correctly answer a question about their time in the competition so far. At least 3 of the 5 contestants must agree to do so and succeed for the task to be won. The group decide that Sara and Jennifer will go last as they are scared of heights, meaning they will not have to take the challenge if the first three contestants succeed. Zi goes down the slide first and gets his question right. David, Oliver and Sara all complete the slide but get their question wrong. As the task is already lost, Jennifer does not have to attempt the slide.

**Prediction Game**: The group is asked to choose a member with a cool head and a competitive streak. They choose David. David goes off to visit a cafe with Simon, a "friend" of the producers. The producers secretly film them in the cafe. Afterwards, the rest of the group are shown four clips from this footage. During each clip, the video is paused and the group are asked a yes/no question about how David will react to a situation that is happening. The group must answer 3 of the 4 questions correctly to win the challenge and £5,000. They answer 3 questions correctly, winning the money.

**Interrogation**: David remains separated from the group. It is revealed to the viewers that Simon is an interrogation coach; he spends the afternoon coaching David in interrogation techniques, while the rest of the group relaxes. That night, at 11pm, instead of going to bed, the rest of the group (David is still absent) are taken to prison cells in a castle, where they are forced to kneel in "stress positions", deprived of sleep, and forced to listen to the show's theme tune on a loop. David is in charge of the prison, and can command the guards; he can order an inmate to be brought before him for interrogation, or for an inmate to be given a bed (an uncomfortable camp-bed with no covers or sleeping-bag) in their cell and allowed to sleep. David's task is to get the rest of the group to reveal information about their day; if they reveal all of the required information then David wins a free pass and the group can leave the prison and return to their hotel and comfortable beds, but the task and money are lost. If the group manage to withhold at least some of the information from David until 6am then they win the task and £10,000 (and David does not get a free pass). During the interrogations, David wears an earpiece through which Simon, who is watching via video link, gives him advice. David is not given any detail up front about what information he needs to win the free pass, but during the task Simon advises him on what line of questioning to follow, and, later, how many more pieces of information he needs. In fact the information needed is the fact that he was secretly filmed in the cafe, that the other contestants took part in a task that involved this, that they won, and the four questions they were asked. David interrogates each inmate repeatedly over the next few hours. Zi and, eventually, Sara each agree to give him some of the information in return for a bed. By 4am, only one more piece of information is needed. However, the remaining waking inmates refuse to disclose it. David has Zi woken up and brought to him; Zi angrily refuses to co-operate further, so David has his bed taken away. With 15 minutes to go, David has Sara woken up and brought to him. However, David, no longer able to accept the effect his actions are having on the other contestants, breaks down and refuses to continue with the task. Thus he forfeits his chance of a free pass, and the other contestants win the task and the £10,000.

### Episode 7

| Episode 7 recap | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mission | Money earned | Possible earnings |
| Expert Challenge | £0 | £5,000 |
| Disguise | £0 | £5,000 |
| Roulette Dares | £15,000 | £15,000 |
| **Current Kitty** | **£105,000** | **£180,000** |
| Free Passes | | |
| Jennifer | Succeeded at staying hidden in "Disguise" | |
| Elimination | | |
| Sara | 7th player eliminated | |
|

The group is asked to choose a member who can mix in with any crowd. They choose Jennifer; she is taken away from the group to prepare for the second task. The remaining contestants take part in the first task.

**Expert Challenge**: The remaining group members are presented with three sporting champions, of bowls, fencing and jet-ski, but they are not told who is which. They must each challenge one of the champions to a match in one of the sports; as part of this they must try to guess who is champion in which sport, so as not to challenge a champion in their own sport, which would result in inevitable defeat for the contestant. At least 2 of the 3 contestants must win their match in order to pass the task and win £5,000. Sara challenges one of the champions at bowls and wins; he is later revealed to be the jet-ski champion. David challenges another of the champions to a jet-ski race; at first he leads the race, but he misses a buoy (which the racers must ski around or receive a large time penalty) and turns around to ski round it, losing the race. His opponent is revealed to be the fencing champion, although she also jet-skis as a hobby. Meanwhile, Zi loses a fencing match against the third champion, who is revealed to be the bowls champion. As 2 of the 3 members lost their matches, the task is failed.

**Disguise**: Meanwhile, Jennifer was disguising herself. For this task, she hid in a crowd in her disguise, and the remaining three (David, Sara, and Zi) had to find her. If successfully found, £5,000 would be added to the kitty, whereas if not Jennifer would receive a free pass to the finals. Jennifer managed to stay unidentified until time was up, and so earning herself the free pass.

**Roulette Dares**: After lunch, the players were taken to a roulette table with four envelopes. Each envelope contained a task that only one player would have to complete. A spin of the roulette wheel determined whether each player would do the easier (**Black**) task, or the harder (**Red**) task. To win, three of the four players needed to complete their tasks. The tasks were:

1A.**Pierce your ear**
1B.**Piece your eyebrow or nose** (Sara: nose piercing)

2A.**Dye your hair** (Jennifer)
2B.**Shave your entire head**

3A.**Paint a nude person** (Zi)
3B.**Be painted while nude**

**The Trio Task** (David: **1A**, **2B**, and **3B**)

While David refused to complete his tasks, Jennifer, Sara, and Zi completed theirs, winning £15,000 for the kitty.

### Episode 8

| Episode 8 recap | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mission | Money earned | Possible earnings |
| Boiler Suit Drop | £0 | £15,000 |
| Market | £0 | £10,000 |
| **Current Kitty** | **£105,000** | **£205,000** |
| Winner | | |
| Zi | Won the £105,000 kitty | |
| Mole | | |
| David | Revealed as the mole | |
|

**Boiler Suit Drop**: The contestants are told to wear boiler suits and nothing else. Each contestant is dropped off in a different part of Jersey and given a GPS navigator and told to memorise some numbers. They have 2.5 hours to make their way on foot to a meeting-point, which is programmed into their GPS devices. At the meeting point, they will need all 3 contestants' numbers to open a safe containing £15,000 for the kitty. David reaches the meeting-point in time, but the others fail as Jennifer's GPS device apparently stops working and Zi is hampered by foot pain and leg cramp. It is revealed that all 3 contestants broke the rules by wearing other clothes underneath their boiler suits and would have caused the group to be disqualified anyway.

**Market**: The contestants are taken to a market and must follow a series of clues, where each clue indicates the location of the next. They have 45 minutes to do this, but take 3 minutes too long and fail the task.

**Final Quiz**: The final 3 take the quiz, with each player taking the quiz in their own private jail cell. After all 3 finish, Glenn asks for the winner's cell to be open. As the gate slides open, with Glenn's hand extended in congratulations, Zi is discovered to be the winner of £105,000. Afterward, they open the cell of the mole. Zi walks forward to shake hands with David, who is unmasked as the mole. Jennifer is then let out, as the runner up, and the group leaves.

### Episode 9

6 months after the game ended, the group was reunited to watch the final episode of The Mole (with only Glenn, Zi, David, and Jennifer knowing the outcome). The group finally learned the identity of the mole and the winner. The rest of the episode showed the sabotages and clues to point to the mole's identity.

### Sabotages

**David's Briefings**: It is revealed that David would have late night briefings with the producers about the missions.

**Parachute Jumping**: David tried to talk Gloria (the person most scared of heights) into not jumping. However, Gloria decided to jump, and the mission was won.

**Hostage Rescue**: There were 2 parts to this sabotage. David changed one digit on Zi's pre-programmed number, casting suspicion on Oliver, who was using the telephone. David stressed this fact during the computer test. However, the team was close to winning and David had to think of something fast. He waved Jennifer to drive down the wrong way on a one-way street, breaking the law and losing the money. He then jumped and rode on the back of their vehicle so he would not be seen in the footage of this that was later shown to the contestants. Suspicion raised on Sara for being happy that they were close, and Oliver and Paul for not stopping Jennifer although the one-way sign was less than ten feet away from them.

**Golf**: David purposely answered his question incorrectly. However, all but one got their questions wrong too, lessening suspicion on David.

**Rally**: David reversed the direction on the socket wrench after using it, and it took Zi one minute to fix the problem. The car jack also was sabotaged to prevent it from going under the car.

**Food Tasting**: David purposely failed to stop Jo and Oliver from choosing Wine C instead of Wine A, losing the mission.

**Bridge Swing**: David was supposed to jump early. The plan was that David would fake a back injury and say it was scary but he thought it was going to be okay. However, many of the nervous people wanted to jump first. Therefore, David had to abandon his plans and jumped perfectly.

**Maze**: David chose Jennifer as a partner as he knew she had trouble telling left from right and would give him poor directions. After being caught by a guard in the maze, he then made Jennifer look suspicious by claiming her directions were confusing.

**Fishing**: David tried to avoid doing important tasks, but Zi did perform those tasks, winning the team money.

**Island**: David used a Swiss-Army knife to rip holes in the inflatable boat. Although some holes were plugged when found, David rushed the team into leaving early. The remaining holes took water into the boat, but not enough water could flood it, and the mission was won.

**Family Game**: David excused himself to the restroom to look at pictures of the contestants and their friends and family, which was hidden in a toilet stall. He and everyone else then answered enough questions wrong to lose the mission.

**Paintball**: In an overlooked sabotage, where Sara shot Zi to win a free pass and lost the mission for the team, David failed to bandage any of his wounds. The players were strictly told they were to bandage any wounds if shot or else the entire mission would be forfeited. Therefore, the money was lost long before Sara won the free pass.

**Death Slide**: David purposely answered his question wrong, and the mission was lost.

**Interrogation**: David, feeling the pressure of no sleep, not revealing that he was the mole, and receiving harshness from his friends, broke down when Sara was brought in and forfeited the free pass and won money for the group.

**Sports**: David purposely lost at water skiing. However, the person he was playing against water skied occasionally, while Zi played against a complete novice and lost. Therefore, the suspicion fell on Zi.

**Disguise**: David did little to help Zi find Jennifer. The suspicion, however, fell on Sara who found Jennifer the second the mission was over.

**Roulette Dares**: David purposely refused to do his challenge knowing Jennifer and Sara probably wouldn't do theirs. However, they did, along with Zi, and the mission was won.

**Boiler Suit Drop**: This was David's most blatant sabotage. David apparently took a long time to suit up when he really tampered with Jennifer's and Zi's GPS's, removing the direction arrow. Afterwards, the tape on the briefcase containing the GPS's was missing. David then proceeded to raise suspicion on Jennifer, saying that at the end her GPS was showing she was at the goal and he didn't understand why the arrow would suddenly disappear.

**Market**: David slowed everyone down; however, Jennifer and Zi took a long time to solve the Adrian Mole clue, raising suspicion on them.

#### The Hidden Clues

**Baggage Swap**: David had the smallest bag (along with a noticeable paper from the production company), which Glenn stated, "David has the smallest bag. Perhaps he knew this was coming." The players said they also had to lose one item permanently, and it won't be returned until the end of the season. However, the blue-jack shirt David discarded was the same shirt he wore in the final.

**Jules's Elimination**: It was made clear that Jules voted for Jennifer during the computer test, and was eliminated. Therefore, Jennifer could not be the mole.

**The Mole's Notes**: The mole left the same note at the golf course and the beach. At the end of both cutscenes, a child's buggy and a golf buggy are shown. In episode 6, David's nickname is clearly shown as "Buggy".

**Episode 4 Elimination**: David is seen wearing his bedtime slippers. Therefore, he knew he would survive that night's elimination.

**David's Shirt**: In several episodes, David wears a William's Bar T-shirt. The disguise taken off the "William in Question", reveals the man is William of Orange. In 1702, he died when he was flown from his horse, after it tripped over a *mole*hill. Also, the made-up telephone number (4 26 843 6653) of the phony bar spells out "I AM THE MOLE", after using a keypad as a decoder.

**Episode 7 Monologue**: David said he thought there were clues in the intros during the computer tests. In fact, there was. In episode 7, Glenn says "He (Oliver) braved the death slide with a smile. But *the mole was one step ahead of him*." David went before Oliver in the death slide.

**Brain Teasers**: Glenn wraps up the failure of the mission by saying, "Were you genuinely stumped? Or was it that *moles thrive underground*?" During the mission, David is the one giving the correct answers.

**Episode 5 Intro**: The players were shown alphabetically by first name, except for David. However, if went by his nickname, Mole, he is in alphabetical order.

**The Monologues**: Adding together the first word Glenn says each episode gives: "The first words reveal the mole is David."

**The First Meal**: In the first episode, a table could be seen with tea, coffee, and bottled mineral water for the contestants. The bottles were labeled "BUXTON Mineral Water", Buxton standing for David's last name. Nobody picked up on this clue.

At the end of the night, as the players enjoyed a final meal together, Glenn pulls out a check for £105,000 and passes it down the table to Zi, tells the group he has another challenge for them, and toast them for their journey.

## Ratings

Official episode viewing figures are from BARB.

| Episode<br>no. | Airdate | Viewers<br>(millions) | Channel 5<br>weekly ranking |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 12 January 2001 | 1.45 | 15 |
| 2 | 19 January 2001 | 1.39 | 13 |
| 3 | 26 January 2001 | 1.01 | 28 |
| 4 | 2 February 2001 | 1.13 | 22 |
| 5 | 9 February 2001 | 1.09 | 25 |
| 6 | 16 February 2001 | 0.88 | 30 |
| 7 | 23 February 2001 |  |  |
| 8 | 2 March 2001 | 1.41 | 16 |
| 9 | 9 March 2001 | 0.88 | 22 |

## InfoBox

| *The Mole* | |
| --- | --- |
| Series 1 | |
|  | |
| Presented by | Glenn Hugill |
| No. of contestants | 10 |
| Winner | Zi Khan |
| Runner-up | Jennifer Waller |
| Location | Jersey<br>France |
| The Mole | David Buxton |
|  | |
| No. of episodes | 9 |
| Release | |
| Original network | Channel 5 |
| Original release | 12 January (2001-01-12) <br>9 March 2001 (2001-03-09) |
| Series chronology | |


title: Phineas and Ferb: Ride Again

abstract: Phineas and Ferb: Ride Again is a platform video game based on the television series Phineas and Ferb, and a sequel of the video game Phineas and Ferb, developed by Altron and published by Disney Interactive Studios for the Nintendo DS console. It was released in North America on September 14, 2010, and later in PAL regions on April 1, 2011. It continues with the two inventor brothers, Phineas and Ferb, making another four big projects, including a rockin' skateboard course and a spaceship. Meanwhile, Perry wants to foil Dr. Doofenshmirtz's plans.

text:
# Phineas and Ferb: Ride Again

***Phineas and Ferb: Ride Again*** is a platform video game based on the television series *Phineas and Ferb*, and a sequel of the video game *Phineas and Ferb*, developed by Altron and published by Disney Interactive Studios for the Nintendo DS console. It was released in North America on September 14, 2010, and later in PAL regions on April 1, 2011. It continues with the two inventor brothers, Phineas and Ferb, making another four big projects, including a rockin' skateboard course and a spaceship. Meanwhile, Perry wants to foil Dr. Doofenshmirtz's plans.

## Gameplay

Players can now play as Perry to save the world by battling Dr. Doofenshmirtz's robots and henchmen. Players can also play as Candace through mazes, trampolines, lily pads, and more and upgrade their gadgets from the first game for more power.

## Reception

Reception was generally positive, receiving a score of 86.50% based on 2 reviews. Game Vortex's Ricky Tucker gave the game a 93/100, concluding: "*Phineas & Ferb Ride Again* is easily one of the better-licensed games to hit in the last few years and a must-buy for fans regardless of age".

## InfoBox

| Phineas and Ferb: Ride Again | |
| --- | --- |
| North American box art | |
| Developer(s) | Altron |
| Publisher(s) | Disney Interactive Studios |
| Director(s) | Takeshi Tsurumi |
| Programmer(s) | Takeshi Tsurumi
Kazuya Koinuma
Toshiaki Wada |
| Artist(s) | Katsuki Yamaguchi
Yo Terada
Hiroyasu Ito |
| Composer(s) | Tomoyoshi Sato |
| Platform(s) | Nintendo DS |
| Release | * NA: September 14, 2010 * PAL: April 1, 2011 |
| Genre(s) | Platform |
| Mode(s) | Single-player, multiplayer |


title: Sutherland Industrial, Saskatoon

abstract: Sutherland Industrial is an industrial subdivision located in east-central Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. It was originally part of Sutherland, a town outside of Saskatoon before being annexed by the city in 1956. The subdivision also contains the first urban reserve in Saskatchewan, the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation.

text:
# Sutherland Industrial, Saskatoon

**Sutherland Industrial** is an industrial subdivision located in east-central Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. It was originally part of Sutherland, a town outside of Saskatoon before being annexed by the city in 1956. The subdivision also contains the first urban reserve in Saskatchewan, the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation.

## History

The land where Sutherland and Sutherland Industrial now sit was purchased in 1905 by Albert H. Hanson, a noted Saskatoon real estate agent. He sold part of his land to the Canadian Pacific Railway. The area was built up when the CPR branch line between Regina and Edmonton reached Saskatoon in 1907. The CPR yards and station were constructed three miles (5 km) east of Saskatoon. A settlement grew adjacent to the rail yards, and was incorporated as the village of Sutherland August 30, 1909. It was named after William Charles Sutherland, a politician who served on Saskatoon's town council before it became a city in 1906.

The triangular shape of the industrial subdivision came about as the two parts of Sutherland were developed. West of 1st (later Central) Avenue, Albert Hanson subdivided the rest of his land holdings on a north–south axis, and developed it as residential and commercial properties. On the other side of the tracks, the CPR subdivided its land following the rail axis on an angle from southeast to northwest. The resulting gap between Central Avenue and the tracks was built up as light industrial lands.

In 1956, the town was annexed by the growing city of Saskatoon. Sutherland became the city's easternmost neighbourhood until development in the 1970s took place even further east. The amalgamation required some name changes to Sutherland's streets, to avoid confusion with identically named streets already in Saskatoon (e.g. 10th Street became 110th Street). At some point after annexation, the neighbourhood boundaries were redrawn. The mainly residential portion of the former town became the neighbourhood of Sutherland, while the rail yards and associated industrial lands were split off as the Sutherland Industrial subdivision. Development of the portion of Sutherland Industrial east of Central Avenue and north of what is now College Drive began in earnest in the early 1960s.

A small chunk of Sutherland Industrial was transferred to neighbouring Sutherland with the construction of several apartment buildings on Central Place. The Sutherland Branch of the Saskatoon Public Library was located within Sutherland Industrial for many years until a new facility was developed in the University Heights Suburban Centre in the 1990s.

In 1988, the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation settled a land claim which created western Canada's first urban reserve. Title to 35 acres (140,000 m2) of land in the southeast part of Sutherland Industrial was transferred to the band. Under an agreement with the City of Saskatoon, the band does not pay civic taxes, but collects its own levy and pays the city for services. The development of the reserve is also in accordance with laws of Saskatchewan and the bylaws of Saskatoon.

Road improvements over the years included the addition of a southern access via McKercher Drive, which was extended into Sutherland Industrial following the construction of an interchange with College Drive in the early 1980s. Future development plans published by the City of Saskatoon since the 1980s indicate that McKercher Drive is to eventually be extended north into Erindale, providing an additional access point into the industrial area.

## Government and politics

Sutherland exists within the federal electoral district of Saskatoon—University. It is currently represented by Corey Tochor of the Conservative Party of Canada, who was first elected in 2019.

Provincially, the area is within the constituency of Saskatoon Silverspring-Sutherland. It is currently represented by Paul Merriman of the Saskatchewan Party, first elected in 2011 and re-elected in 2016.

In Saskatoon's non-partisan municipal politics, Sutherland lies within ward 1. It is currently represented by Darren Hill, first elected in 2006.

The eastern portion of Sutherland Industrial - specifically that portion east of Packham Avenue and straddling the northern extension of McKercher Drive - is considered part of the Muskeg Lake Cree Nation.

## Industrial

The entirety of Sutherland Industrial is zoned for industrial uses. Heavy industrial businesses are located along the CPR tracks to the north, while light industrial businesses are concentrated in the south along College Drive.

Currently there are CPR switching yards in the Central Industrial neighbourhood. The City of Saskatoon, Canadian Pacific Railway and the CNR are under negotiations currently to remove these switching yards. This would mean the CPR could use CNR rail lines through the city and be able to use the CN Chappell Yards for switching. Likewise the CNR could run trains along the CPR track through the city and use the Sutherland CPR switching yards. This would involve construction of a connecting switching yard between CP and CN rail lines near 11th Street and Dundonald which could be done as part of the new Circle Drive extension project.

## Location

Sutherland Industrial is located within the University Heights Suburban Development Area. It is bounded by Gray Avenue to the north and east, College Drive to the south, and Central Avenue to the west. Some limited residential development on the east side of Central Avenue, including multi-family dwellings on Central Place, are part of the main Sutherland community, rather than Sutherland Industrial.

## Further reading

* Bill Barry, *Geographic Names of Saskatchewan* (Regina: People Places Publishing, 2005)
* John Duerkop, *Saskatoon's History in Street Names* (Saskatoon: Purich Publishing, 2000)

## InfoBox

| Sutherland Industrial | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| Co-Op Feeds plant | |
| Sutherland Industrial location map | |
| Coordinates: 52°7′50″N 106°35′30″W / 52.13056°N 106.59167°W / 52.13056; -106.59167 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Saskatchewan |
| City | Saskatoon |
| Suburban Development Area | University Heights |
| Neighbourhood | Sutherland Industrial |
| Settled | 1908 |
| Incorporated (town) | 1912 |
| Annexed | 1956 |
| Government | |
| Type | Municipal (Ward 1) |
| Administrative body | Saskatoon City Council |
| Councillor | Darren Hill |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.14 km2 (0.83 sq mi) |
| Population (2006) | |
| Total | 10 |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (UTC) |


title: Vertamocorii

abstract: The Vertamocorii were a Celtic people that lived in Cisalpine Gaul around Novara, in Eastern Piedmont (Italy). The Vertamocorii are reported by Pliny in the third book of Naturalis Historia, where they are said to be the founders of the city of Novara: Novara (founded) by the Vertamocorii, that are from the Vocontii, and not, as believed Cato, Ligurians,... and indicates their Gaulish origin and not Ligurian.

text:
# Vertamocorii

The **Vertamocorii** (Gaulish: **Wertamocorī*) were a Celtic people that lived in Cisalpine Gaul around Novara, in Eastern Piedmont (Italy).

The Vertamocorii are reported by Pliny in the third book of Naturalis Historia, where they are said to be the founders of the city of Novara:

> Novara (founded) by the Vertamocorii, that are from the Vocontii, and not, as believed Cato, Ligurians, ...

and indicates their Gaulish origin (the Vocontii were a people of Gallia Narbonensis) and not Ligurian.


title: Dasymalla glutinosa

abstract: Dasymalla glutinosa is a flowering plant in the mint family Lamiaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is a spreading, sticky shrub with glabrous branches, egg-shaped, stalkless leaves and small, white or cream-coloured, tube-shaped flowers.

text:
# Dasymalla glutinosa

***Dasymalla glutinosa*** is a flowering plant in the mint family Lamiaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is a spreading, sticky shrub with glabrous branches, egg-shaped, stalkless leaves and small, white or cream-coloured, tube-shaped flowers.

## Description

*Dasymalla glutinosa* is a spreading shrub which grows to a height of 1–1.5 m (3–5 ft) with sticky but glabrous branches and leaves. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs (that is, they are decussate), oblong to egg-shaped, 7–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long, 2–3 mm (0.08–0.1 in) wide with a blunt end.

The flowers are white or cream-coloured and arranged singly in upper leaf axils on a stalk 1–2 mm (0.04–0.08 in) long and sticky. The flowers are surrounded by leafy bracts 5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long. The five sepals are 6–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long and sticky with lance-shaped lobes and joined to form a short tube for about half their length. The five petals are joined to form a tube 10–12 mm (0.4–0.5 in) long and mostly glabrous except for a densely hairy ring inside the tube. There are five lobes on the end of the petal tube, the lower one broad egg-shaped to almost round and slightly larger than the other four lobes.

## Taxonomy and naming

This species was first formally described in 1979 by Ahmad Abid Munir who gave it the name *Pityrodia glutinosa* and published the description in *Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Garden*. In 2011, Barry Conn Murray Henwood and Nicola Streiber resurrected the genus *Dasymalla* and transferred this species to it as *Dasymalla glutinosa*. The specific epithet (*glutinosa*) is a Latin word meaning "viscous" or "sticky".

## Distribution

*Dasymalla glutinosa* occurs between the Murchison River and Shark Bay in the Carnarvon, Geraldton Sandplains and Yalgoo biogeographic regions growing in sand on sandplains and dunes and in woodland.

## Conservation

*Dasymalla glutinosa* is classified as "Priority Three" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife meaning that it is poorly known and known from only a few locations but is not under imminent threat.

## InfoBox

| *Dasymalla glutinosa* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Priority Three — Poorly Known Taxa (DEC) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Lamiaceae |
| Genus: | *Dasymalla* |
| Species: | ***D. glutinosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dasymalla glutinosa***
(Munir) B.J.Conn & M.J.Henwood | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pityrodia glutinosa* Munir * *Pityrodia glabra* Munir | |


title: Fiske Kimball

abstract: Sidney Fiske Kimball was an American architect, architectural historian and museum director. A pioneer in the field of architectural preservation in the United States, he played a leading part in the restoration of Monticello and Stratford Hall Plantation in Virginia. Over his nearly-30-year tenure as director of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, he moved the museum into its current building and greatly expanded its collections.

text:
# Fiske Kimball

**Sidney Fiske Kimball** (1888 – 1955) was an American architect, architectural historian and museum director. A pioneer in the field of architectural preservation in the United States, he played a leading part in the restoration of Monticello and Stratford Hall Plantation in Virginia.

Over his nearly-30-year tenure as director of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, he moved the museum into its current building and greatly expanded its collections.

## Biography

Kimball was born in Newton, Massachusetts on December 8, 1888.

He was educated at Harvard University, where he took both his bachelor's and master's degrees in architecture. Kimball was awarded a Sheldon Fellowship for travel to Europe in 1911 and passed his assistantship in the library to his sister Theodora Kimball Hubbard during his absence. This opportunity propelled his sister's career as the first Landscape Architecture Librarian at Harvard University. He then taught at the University of Illinois and the University of Michigan, receiving a Ph.D. from the latter institution in 1915. In 1919, Kimball was appointed to head the newly formed department of art and architecture at the University of Virginia. While at the University of Virginia, he served as the supervising architect for Memorial Gymnasium (built in 1924), and the McIntire Amphitheatre on grounds at the university. He also designed the campus of Woodberry Forest School.

In 1923, Kimball left the University of Virginia to establish the Institute of Fine Arts at New York University. In 1925, he was appointed director of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, where he served until his retirement in January 1955. During his first year in Philadelphia, he lived in and restored the Mount Pleasant mansion. Kimball was a consultant on numerous other restoration projects, including Monticello, Gunston Hall, Stratford Hall, and Colonial Williamsburg. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1943.

Kimball continued to work on projects in Virginia. Kimball designed his own home, *Shack Mountain*, in Albemarle County, Virginia, not from far Monticello. Kimball used Jefferson's architectural principles as the basis of his design of *Shack Mountain*, short for Shackelford Mountain, the surname of a branch of Jefferson's descendants. Built in 1935–1936, *Shack Mountain* is a Jefferson-style pavilion, like Monticello, that is considered Kimball's masterpiece. *Shack Mountain* was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1992.

Fiske Kimball died in Munich, Germany, on August 14, 1955. He and his wife are buried at Monticello Memorial Gardens on Monticello Mountain, about a mile from Monticello. He is commemorated by the Fiske Kimball Fine Arts Library at the University of Virginia.

## Marriage

Kimball married, in June 1913, Marie Christina Goebel (1889–1955), the half Dutch, half German daughter of Julius Goebel, a professor of Germanic languages at the University of Illinois. She eventually was the recipient of two Guggenheim Fellowships and served as Monticello's first curator (1944–55). She also wrote a three-volume biography of Jefferson.

## Works

* *Thomas Jefferson, architect, Original Designs in the Collection of Thomas Jefferson Coolidge, Junior*, 1916
* *A History of Architecture*, 1918 (with George Harold Edgell)
* *Domestic Architecture of the American Colonies and of the early Republic*, 1922
* *American Architecture*, 1928
* *Mr. Samuel McIntire, Carver : The architect of Salem*, 1940
* *The Creation of the Rococo*, 1943
* *Great Paintings in America: One Hundred and One Masterpieces in Color*, 1948 (with Lionello Venturi)

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Fiske Kimball | |
| --- | --- |
| Kimball, c. 1915 | |
| Born | Sidney Fiske Kimball
(1888-12-08)December 8, 1888
Newton, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Died | August 15, 1955(1955-08-15) (aged 66)
Munich, Germany |
| Alma mater | Harvard University
University of Michigan |
| Occupation | Architect |


title: Sean Manuel

abstract: Sean Manuel is a former American football tight end. He played in the National Football League (NFL) for the San Francisco 49ers in 1996 and in the XFL for the San Francisco Demons in 2001.

text:
# Sean Manuel

**Sean Manuel** (born December 1, 1973) is a former American football tight end. He played in the National Football League (NFL) for the San Francisco 49ers in 1996 and in the XFL for the San Francisco Demons in 2001.

## InfoBox

Sean Manuel
| No. 86 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Tight end |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1973-12-01) December 1, 1973<br>Los Gatos, California, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) |
| Weight: | 245 lb (111 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Pinole (CA) Valley |
| College: | New Mexico State |
| NFL draft: | 1996 / round: 7 / pick: 239 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Fetal adenocarcinoma

abstract: Fetal adenocarcinoma (FA) of the lung is a rare subtype of pulmonary adenocarcinoma that exhibits tissue architecture and cell characteristics that resemble fetal lung tissue upon microscopic examination. It is currently considered a variant of solid adenocarcinoma with mucin production.

text:
# Fetal adenocarcinoma

**Fetal adenocarcinoma** (FA) of the lung is a rare subtype of pulmonary adenocarcinoma that exhibits tissue architecture and cell characteristics that resemble fetal lung tissue upon microscopic examination. It is currently considered a variant of solid adenocarcinoma with mucin production.

## Symptoms and signs

FA can produce repeated hemoptysis, possibly related to cavitation of the tumor.

Other presenting symptoms described have included: flu-like syndrome with cough and fever,

## Genetics

Due to its rarity, little is known of the genetics of FA.

One small series of 6 cases showed that MDM2 protein was expressed in 5 of them (83%), and p53 protein was overexpressed in 50%. However, a larger series of 12 cases revealed no p53 gene mutations.

## Histogenesis

The details of the histogenesis of FA remain unknown and highly debated. Adenocarcinomas are most often highly heterogeneous peripheral tumors, and are thought to arise from malignant transformation of primitive cells that can exhibit differentiation characteristics of Club cells, Type II pneumocytes, bronchiolar surface cells, bronchial gland cells, or goblet cells.

Most FA's are well or moderately differentiated tumors, although high-grade, poorly differentiated variants have been described. Tissue resembling FA can also be found admixed with a component made up of primitive blastoma-like cells. In such cases, these biphasic tumors are classified as a form of pulmonary blastoma because the presence of the blastomatous cells dramatically worsens the prognosis.

FA can occur in combination with other forms of lung cancer, particularly other variants of adenocarcinoma. There also seems to be an association with clear cell lung cancer variants. A case of combined small cell lung carcinoma featuring components of FA and cells resembling those from carcinoid tumor has been reported, illustrating the unique complexity and heterogeneity of divergent histogenesis and cell differentiation in lung cancer.

## Diagnosis

FA is an epithelial tumor whose cells and architecture resemble that of fetal lung tissues in the pseudoglandular stage of development (which occurs at about 10–16 weeks gestation in the human), with complex glandular structures and morules with cell nuclei that appear clear due to the accumulation of biotin.

While FA can be diagnosed via biopsy, bronchial brushings, and immunocytochemistry, examination of the whole tumor is required to rule out biphasic pulmonary blastoma, a mixed tumor of higher aggressiveness, wherein FA occurs admixed with primitive blastoma cells.

Although it is not normally considered a fast-growing malignant neoplasm, FA can exhibit high uptake on FDG-PET scanning.

Identification of aberrant nuclear localization of a mutated protein product of the *beta*-catenin gene has been proposed as a diagnostic tool for FA.

Although FA's usually occur as nodules or masses, they can sometimes present as a multifocal disease.

## Treatment

Because of its extreme rarity, there have been no controlled clinical trials of treatment regimens for FA and, as a result, there are no evidence-based treatment guidelines. Complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice in FA, as it is in nearly all forms of lung cancer.

Anecdotal reports suggest that FA is rarely highly sensitive to cytotoxic drugs or radiation. Case reports suggest that chemotherapy with UFT may be useful in FA.

## Prognosis

The prognosis of patients with FA as a whole is considered to be better than that of most other forms of non-small cell carcinoma, including biphasic pulmonary blastoma.

## Incidence

FA is a rare tumor, with a relative incidence estimated to be no more than 0.5% of all lung cancers.

FA is exceptionally rare in children, with only a handful of cases reported to date, However, several case reports have involved FA's in pregnant women or the early postnatal period.

## InfoBox

| Fetal adenocarcinoma | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | Well differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma, high-grade fetal adenocarcinoma, pulmonary adenocarcinoma of fetal type, and pulmonary endodermal tumour resembling fetal lung. |
|  | |
| Micrograph showing fetal adenocarcinoma. H&E stain. | |


title: 1939 Finnish Grand Prix

abstract: The 1939 Finnish Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at Eläintarharata on 7 May 1939.

text:
# 1939 Finnish Grand Prix

The **1939 Finnish Grand Prix** was a Grand Prix motor race held at Eläintarharata on 7 May 1939.

## Classification

| Pos | Driver | Car | Laps | Time/Retired |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Adolf Westerblom** | **Alfa Romeo Monza** | 50 | 28m56.0 |
| 2 | **Petre Cristea** | **BMW 328** | 50 | +58.4 |
| 3 | **Alexi Patama** | **Ford Special** | 50 | \+ 1m34.5 |
| 4 | **Ulrich Richter** | **BMW** | 50 | \+ 1m49.0 |
| 5 | **Otto Löhr** | **Adler** | 50 | \+ 2m54.8 |
| 6 | **Arvo Sorri** | **BMW** | 50 | \+ 4m24.1 |


title: Rhombodera taprobanae

abstract: Rhombodera taprobanae is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in Sri Lanka.

text:
# Rhombodera taprobanae

***Rhombodera taprobanae*** is a species of praying mantises in the family Mantidae, found in Sri Lanka.

## InfoBox

| *Rhombodera taprobanae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Mantodea |
| Family: | Mantidae |
| Subfamily: | Hierodulinae |
| Tribe: | Hierodulini |
| Genus: | *Rhombodera* |
| Species: | ***R. taprobanae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Rhombodera taprobanae***<br>Wood-Mason, 1878 | |
|


title: Dasylophus

abstract: Dasylophus is a genus of 2 species of cuckoos in the family Cuculidae. Both species are found in forests in the Philippines.

text:
# Dasylophus

***Dasylophus*** is a genus of 2 species of cuckoos in the family Cuculidae. Both species are found in forests in the Philippines.

## Species

Genus ***Dasylophus***Swainson, 1837 – two species
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Rough-crested malkoha | *Dasylophus superciliosus*
(Dumont, 1823)

Two subspecies * *D. s. superciliosus* * *D. s. cagayanesis* | north Philippines | *Size*:

*Habitat*:

*Diet*: | **LC**
 |
| Scale-feathered malkoha | *Dasylophus cumingi*
(Fraser, 1839) | north Philippines (Luzon, Marinduque and Catanduanes) | *Size*:

*Habitat*:

*Diet*: | **LC**
 |

## InfoBox

| *Dasylophus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Rough-crested malkoha (*Dasylophus superciliosus*) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Cuculiformes |
| Family: | Cuculidae |
| Genus: | *Dasylophus*
Swainson, 1837 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Phaenicophaus superciliosus*
Dumont, 1823 | |


title: Papillose woolly bat

abstract:
The papillose woolly bat is a species of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae.
It is found in Brunei, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam.

text:
# Papillose woolly bat

The **papillose woolly bat** (*Kerivoula papillosa*) is a species of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It is found in Brunei, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam.

## Appearance

The fur is typically dark brown on top, and lighter brown on the bottom. White hair is commonly found on the foot as well. This species has a unique interfemoral membrane. This membrane is hairless and is covered with small, soft, wart-like projections. The teeth are pointed and specialized for crushing the exoskeletons of insects.

## Ecology

Tree hollows are used for roosts, and generally have between 1 and 14 bats inhabiting them. The habitats inhabited are lowland mixed deciduous forests in the lower Asian peninsula.

## InfoBox

| Papillose woolly bat | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Vespertilionidae |
| Genus: | *Kerivoula* |
| Species: | ***K. papillosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Kerivoula papillosa***
Temminck, 1840 | |
|
|  | |


title: Papyrus 82

abstract:
Papyrus 82, designated by 𝔓⁸⁲, is an early copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Gospel of Luke. The surviving texts of Luke are verses 7:32-34,37-38. The manuscript paleographically had been assigned to the 4th century.
  - Text The Greek text of this codex probably is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland placed it in Category II.
  - Location It is currently housed at the Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire in Strasbourg.

text:
# Papyrus 82

**Papyrus 82** (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by 𝔓82, is an early copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Gospel of Luke. The surviving texts of Luke are verses 7:32-34,37-38. The manuscript paleographically had been assigned to the 4th century (or 5th century).

Text

The Greek text of this codex probably is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland placed it in Category II.

Location

It is currently housed at the Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire (P. Gr. 2677) in Strasbourg.

## Further reading

* J. Schwartz, *Fragment d’evangile sur papyrus,* Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 3 (Bonn: 1967), pp. 157–158.

## InfoBox

Papyrus 𝔓82
| **New Testament manuscript** | |
| --- | --- |
| Text | Gospel of Luke 7 † |
| Date | 4th / 5th century |
| Script | Greek |
| Found | Egypt |
| Now at | Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire |
| Cite | J. Schwartz, *Fragment d’evangile sur papyrus,* ZPE 3 (Bonn: 1967), pp. 157-158 |
| Size | 6.6 cm x 3.2 cm |
| Type | Alexandrian text-type |
| Category | II |


title: José María López Lledín

abstract: José María López Lledín was an elegant vagabond known as El Caballero de París who wandered the streets of Havana and was a well-known cult figure.

text:
# José María López Lledín

**José María López Lledín** was an elegant vagabond known as **El Caballero de París** ("The Gentleman From Paris") who wandered the streets of Havana and was a well-known cult figure.

## Biography

José María, the fourth of eleven children, was born at 11 a.m. on 30 December, 1899. Traveling in the German passenger ship S.S. Chemnitz, he arrived in Havana at twelve years of age on 12 December, 1913. His mother was Josefa Lledín Mendes and his father was Manuel Lopez Rodriguez; the owners of a small vineyard, they produced and sold wine and Sherry. He was baptized in the Parish of Salvador de Negueira.

According to his sister Inocencia, he worked as a tailor and in a bookshop. Later he worked as a waiter in the hotels Inglaterra, Telegrafo, Sevilla, Manhattan, Royal Palm and Saratoga.

There are many stories as to why he lost his mental sanity but all of them converge on the fact that he was imprisoned in the Castillo del Príncipe in 1920 for a crime he did not commit.

## Mental disorder

He was late in life diagnosed as suffering from paraphrenia, a late-onset mental disorder featuring such symptoms as delusions and hallucinations; it does not have any negative symptoms such as the deterioration of the intellect or of the personality. He was a patient of Mazorra, the Psychiatric Hospital of Havana.

## Aristocracy

Anybody that lived in Havana in the 1950s remembers El Caballero de París. Architect Cheo Malanga writes about the one time that he saw him:

> "El Caballero de París was a cult figure in Havana in the 40s and 50s. He was of medium height, disheveled hair with some gray hair and a beard. He always wore black, with a long coat of the same color, even during the summer. He used to carry a folder full of papers. He was a gentle and educated man who roamed the streets and traveled by bus all over the city, greeting people and discussing philosophy, religion and politics. He never asked for alms or said bad words, he only accepted money from people he knew or liked.
>
> I remember an occasion during my childhood, while I was traveling in a car with my parents on Infanta street, that my mother shouted ..... "Look, look there is El Caballero de París!" When I turned my eyes I could only see a fleeting figure with long white hair and a black cloak that slouched away at a slow pace. That was my only encounter with the Parisian aristocracy of our homeland."

## Recognitions

* A danzón by Antonio María Romeo, with the title El Caballero de París" with the refrain "Mira quien viene por ahí, El Caballero de París!".
* Statue of the Knight of Paris. A life-size bronze figure created by the Cuban sculptor José Villa Soberón. It was placed on the pavement of the Basílica Menor de San Francisco de Asís in Old Havana, at the initiative of the Historian of the City, Eusebio Leal.

* Documentary entitled: "Caballero de La Habana" (the true story of the Knight of Paris)", which uncovers the true story of a character symbol of Havana, the Knight of Paris, who in reality was Xosé María López LLedín, a native of Lugo, Galicia (©AS Video Cuba, 1998) Dir. Natasha Vazquez y Rigoberto Senarega.
* In the lyrics of the song "Cuba que lindo son tus paisajes" composed by the Cuban singer Willy Chirino, from the album Cuba Libre (1998), the Caballero de París is mentioned.
* In 2013, Cuban singers Descemer Bueno and Kelvis Ochoa performed a musical inspired by José María López Lledín, the legendary Havana character known as "El Caballero de París", with choreography by Eduardo Blanco.

## Further reading

* Luis Calzadilla Fierro (2001). *Yo soy el Caballero de París*. Badajoz, España: Editorial Departamento de Publicaciones de la Diputación de Badajoz.

A more detailed account and pictures from his appearance on TV Images and video footage on YouTube (in Spanish) Gerardo Alfonso singing "El Ilustrado Caballero de Paris" on YouTube (in Spanish) Barbarito Diez El Caballero de Paris Astrological Chart Facebook Page María Argelia Vizcaíno. El Caballero de París.

## InfoBox

| José María López Lledín | |
| --- | --- |
| El Caballero de Paris | |
| Born | (1899-12-20)December 20, 1899
A Fonsagrada, Spain |
| Died | July 11, 1985(1985-07-11) (aged 85)
Havana, Cuba |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Other names | El Caballero de Paris |
| Occupation(s) | Vagabond, Havana cult figure |
| Years active | Circa 1920–1985 |
| Known for | Walking the streets of Havana |


title: Parabrimidius ovalis

abstract: Parabrimidius ovalis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Parabrimidius. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1938.

text:
# Parabrimidius ovalis

***Parabrimidius ovalis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus ***Parabrimidius***. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1938.

## InfoBox

| *Parabrimidius ovalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Parabrimidius*** |
| Species: | ***P. ovalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Parabrimidius ovalis***<br>Breuning, 1938 | |
|


title: Jruchi monastery

abstract: The Jruchi monastery of Saint George is a ruined Georgian Orthodox monastic church in the western Georgian region of Imereti. Founded in the 10th or 11th century, it was remodeled and rebuilt several times until it acquired its final architectural style by 1846. The church was almost completely destroyed in the 1991 Racha earthquake, only a portion of its wall remaining standing amid a rubble. The monastery is inscribed on the list of the Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance of Georgia. The Jruchi church at the headwaters of the Jruchula, a right-bank affluent of the Qvirila River near the modern-village of Tskhomareti, Sachkhere Municipality, on what historically was a frontier between the regions of Imereti and Racha. Exactly when the church was built is unknown; epigraphic analysis of a surviving church inscription as well as the style of sculpted architectural elements suggests the 9th/10th or 11th century as the most likely time of its construction. At some point in the 16th or 17th century the church passed in possession of the Tsereteli, one of the leading princely families of the Kingdom of Imereti, who probably acquired it from the Palavandishvili. By that time, the church, originally set in a plan of a three-nave basilica, had been remodeled into a domed building. In the 1730s, dukes of Racha dispossessed the Tsereteli of Jruchi and converted the monastery into a military stronghold. Sometime between 1753 and 1763, King Solomon I of Imereti divested the duke of Racha of its new possession, reestablished the convent, and restored it to the Tsereteli. The church was substantially reconstructed and expanded, between 1804 and 1843, by the metropolitan bishop David Tsereteli during his long tenure in various clerical positions in western Georgia. The Jruchi monastery housed many treasured church items, both locally produced and brought from elsewhere in Georgia. These included, among others, two illuminated manuscripts of the Gospel books, known as Jruchi I, dated to 936, and Jruchi II, dated to the late 12th century. Under the Soviet rule, the monastery was abolished and its antiquities were removed for safekeeping to the museums in Kutaisi and Tbilisi. The church, left in disuse and disrepair, was heavily affected by rainfalls and moisture. In April 1991, it was devastated by a strong earthquake. Church services continued to be occasionally held at the ruins and the territory was cleaned of debris. In 2018, a full-scale restoration project was announced.

text:
# Jruchi monastery

The **Jruchi monastery of Saint George** (Georgian: ჯრუჭის წმინდა გიორგის სახელობის მონასტერი, romanized: jruch'is ts'minda giorgis sakhelobis monast'eri) is a ruined Georgian Orthodox monastic church in the western Georgian region of Imereti. Founded in the 10th or 11th century, it was remodeled and rebuilt several times until it acquired its final architectural style by 1846. The church was almost completely destroyed in the 1991 Racha earthquake, only a portion of its wall remaining standing amid a rubble. The monastery is inscribed on the list of the Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance of Georgia.

The Jruchi church at the headwaters of the Jruchula, a right-bank affluent of the Qvirila River near the modern-village of Tskhomareti, Sachkhere Municipality, on what historically was a frontier between the regions of Imereti and Racha. Exactly when the church was built is unknown; epigraphic analysis of a surviving church inscription as well as the style of sculpted architectural elements suggests the 9th/10th or 11th century as the most likely time of its construction. At some point in the 16th or 17th century the church passed in possession of the Tsereteli, one of the leading princely families of the Kingdom of Imereti, who probably acquired it from the Palavandishvili. By that time, the church, originally set in a plan of a three-nave basilica, had been remodeled into a domed building. In the 1730s, dukes of Racha dispossessed the Tsereteli of Jruchi and converted the monastery into a military stronghold. Sometime between 1753 and 1763, King Solomon I of Imereti divested the duke of Racha of its new possession, reestablished the convent, and restored it to the Tsereteli. The church was substantially reconstructed and expanded, between 1804 and 1843, by the metropolitan bishop David Tsereteli during his long tenure in various clerical positions in western Georgia.

The Jruchi monastery housed many treasured church items, both locally produced and brought from elsewhere in Georgia. These included, among others, two illuminated manuscripts of the Gospel books, known as Jruchi I, dated to 936, and Jruchi II, dated to the late 12th century.

Under the Soviet rule, the monastery was abolished and its antiquities were removed for safekeeping to the museums in Kutaisi and Tbilisi. The church, left in disuse and disrepair, was heavily affected by rainfalls and moisture. In April 1991, it was devastated by a strong earthquake. Church services continued to be occasionally held at the ruins and the territory was cleaned of debris. In 2018, a full-scale restoration project was announced.

## InfoBox

Jruchi monastery
| ჯრუჭის მონასტერი | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 42°23′56″N 43°21′46″E / 42.398817°N 43.362851°E / 42.398817; 43.362851 (Jruchi) | |
| Location | Tskhomareti, Sachkhere Municipality <br>Imereti, Georgia |
| Type | Monastery complex (ruined) |


title: David González (footballer, born 1982)

abstract: David González Giraldo, known as David González, is a Colombian football manager and former player who played as a goalkeeper. He is the current manager of Colombian club Deportes Tolima.

text:
# David González (footballer, born 1982)

**David González Giraldo** (born 20 July 1982), known as **David González**, is a Colombian football manager and former player who played as a goalkeeper. He is the current manager of Colombian club Deportes Tolima.

## Playing career

Born in Medellín, González began his career at his hometown club Independiente Medellín. In 2002, at the age of 20, he became the youngest goalkeeping champion in the history of Colombian football. In 2006, he moved to Deportivo Cali, before going to Çaykur Rizespor, where he spent two seasons. In 2009, he spent a short time at Club Atlético Huracán in Argentina before becoming a free agent. González has played over 300 professional club games in South America and Turkey along with the SPL and the English Championship.

### Manchester City

At the end of 2009 he had a trial with Manchester City, which proved successful, and signed in January 2010. González was not named, in Manchester City's 25-man squad for the 2010–11 season but became the first choice reserve team goalkeeper, where he made some outstanding performances, alerting many Championship clubs to a potential loan move.

#### Leeds United loan

On 31 January 2011, on transfer deadline day, González signed a short-term loan with Leeds United With injuries to Shay Given and Gunnar Nielsen, City manager Roberto Mancini had hinted he may recall González as third choice City keeper for the rest of the season. However, González remained at Leeds as cover for Kasper Schmeichel and Shane Higgs. On 9 May, González returned to City.

#### Aberdeen loan

On 21 June, it was announced that Manchester City were in talks with Scottish Premier League side Aberdeen in regards to a loan move for González. Aberdeen completed the signing of González on 29 June 2011 on a 6-month loan from Manchester City. González became first choice keeper for the Dons until October with regular starter Jamie Langfield sidelined after suffering a seizure in the 2010–11 season. González made his debut against St Johnstone in the opening game of the season.

### Brighton & Hove Albion

On 19 January 2012, González signed a five-month temporary contract as cover with Brighton & Hove Albion after his contract with Manchester City was cancelled by mutual consent.

González made his debut in the 2–2 draw against Watford on 17 April 2012 going on to play three more games including playing the last game of the season against Barnsley where he kept a clean sheet, Gonzalez left Brighton after the expiration of his contract at the end of April 2012.

### Barnsley

At the beginning of the 2012–13 season González signed a one-month deal with Barnsley as cover, due to the injuries of the No.1 and No.2 goalkeepers, playing three games in the Championship. He then moved back to Colombia to sign for Deportivo Pasto in the Colombian first division for one season.

## International career

In 2004, González was called up to take part of the 2004 CONMEBOL Men Pre-Olympic Tournament disputed in Chile. He played for the senior team in a 2–1 win against South Korea on 15 January 2005.

## Managerial career

On 28 June 2022, González was appointed as manager of Independiente Medellín. He led Independiente Medellín to a runner-up finish in the 2022 Finalización tournament but left the club on a mutual agreement on 8 May 2023. On 18 September 2023, he was confirmed as the new manager of Deportes Tolima.

1. "Leeds United | News | News | News | GONZALEZ SIGNS UP FOR UNITED". *leedsunited.com*. Archived from the original on 3 February 2011.
2. "Leeds set to lose Gonzalez". Sky Sports. 23 February 2011.
3. "Dons complete loan signing | Club News | Club News | News and Features | Aberdeen". Archived from the original on 2 July 2011. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
4. "Aberdeen v St. Johnstone". BBC Sport. 23 July 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
5. "Brighton and Hove Albion | News | Latest News | Latest News | Albion Sign David Gonzalez". Archived from the original on 22 January 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
6. "Albion release keepers". *The Argus*. 4 May 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
7. "Colombia v Korea Republic, 15 January 2005".
8. "David González es el nuevo técnico de Independiente Medellín" \[David González is the new manager of Independiente Medellín\] (in Spanish). Blu Radio. 28 June 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
9. "David González no sigue como técnico del DIM, estas son las posibles razones de su salida" \[David González does not continue as DIM's manager, these are the possible reasons for his departure\] (in Spanish). El Colombiano. 8 May 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
10. "Tolima lo hace oficial: David González es el nuevo técnico" \[Tolima make it official: David González is the new manager\] (in Spanish). Futbolred. 18 September 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023.

## InfoBox

David González
| González playing for Independiente Medellín in 2015 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | David González Giraldo | | |
| Date of birth | (1982-07-20) 20 July 1982 | | |
| Place of birth | Medellín, Colombia | | |
| Height | 1.92 m (6 ft 4 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Deportes Tolima (manager) | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2001 | Atlético Nacional | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2002–2005 | Independiente Medellín | 127 | (0) |
| 2006–2007 | Deportivo Cali | 57 | (0) |
| 2007–2008 | Çaykur Rizespor | 30 | (0) |
| 2008–2009 | Huracán | 0 | (0) |
| 2009–2012 | Manchester City | 0 | (0) |
| 2011 | Leeds United (loan) | 0 | (0) |
| 2011 | Aberdeen (loan) | 14 | (0) |
| 2012 | Brighton & Hove Albion | 4 | (0) |
| 2012 | Barnsley | 4 | (0) |
| 2013 | Deportivo Pasto | 4 | (0) |
| 2014 | Águilas Doradas | 22 | (0) |
| 2015–2019 | Independiente Medellín | 71 | (0) |
| 2020 | Deportivo Cali | 21 | (0) |
| Total |  | **354** | **(0)** |
| International career | | | |
| 2004 | Colombia Olympic | 2 | (0) |
| 2005–2020 | Colombia | 2 | (0) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2022–2023 | Independiente Medellín | | |
| 2023– | Deportes Tolima | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: David Albiston

abstract: David Harold Albiston was an Australian rules footballer who played for Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s. A rover from the Melbourne High School Old Boys, Albiston played from the forward pocket in Hawthorn's losing 1963 VFL Grand Final team. His father Harold also played at Hawthorn and he is the nephew of Alec and Ken Albiston.

text:
# David Albiston

**David Harold Albiston** (22 December 1944 – 7 May 2023) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s.

A rover from the Melbourne High School Old Boys, Albiston played from the forward pocket in Hawthorn's losing 1963 VFL Grand Final team. His father Harold also played at Hawthorn and he is the nephew of Alec and Ken Albiston.

## InfoBox

| David Albiston | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | David Harold Albiston | | |
| Date of birth | (1944-12-22)22 December 1944 | | |
| Date of death | 7 May 2023(2023-05-07) (aged 78) | | |
| Original team(s) | MHSOB | | |
| Height | 174 cm (5 ft 9 in) | | |
| Weight | 73 kg (161 lb) | | |
| Position(s) | Rover | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1962–1966 | Hawthorn | 61 (30) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1966. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |