title: Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo

abstract: "Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo" is a novelty song, written in 1948 by Al Hoffman, Mack David, and Jerry Livingston. Introduced in the 1950 film Cinderella, and performed by actress Verna Felton, the song is about the Fairy Godmother transforming an orange pumpkin into a white carriage, four brown mice into white horses, a gray horse into a white-haired coachman and a brown dog into a white-haired footman. The song was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1951 but lost out to "Mona Lisa" from Captain Carey, U.S.A. Disney used the song once again in their 2015 remake of Cinderella which starred Lily James in the leading role. The song was performed by Helena Bonham Carter, who plays Fairy Godmother, and was the final song of the movie, playing with the end credits. Bonham Carter's version can also be found as the 30th song on the original movie soundtrack.

text:
# Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo

"**Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo**" (also called "**The Magic Song**") is a novelty song, written in 1948 by Al Hoffman, Mack David, and Jerry Livingston. Introduced in the 1950 film *Cinderella*, and performed by actress Verna Felton, the song is about the Fairy Godmother transforming an orange pumpkin into a white carriage, four brown mice into white horses, a gray horse into a white-haired coachman and a brown dog into a white-haired footman. The song was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1951 but lost out to "Mona Lisa" from *Captain Carey, U.S.A.* Disney used the song once again in their 2015 remake of *Cinderella* which starred Lily James in the leading role. The song was performed by Helena Bonham Carter, who plays Fairy Godmother, and was the final song of the movie, playing with the end credits. Bonham Carter's version can also be found as the 30th song on the original movie soundtrack.

## Recording

Ilene Woods and the Woodsmen with Harold Mooney and His Orchestra recorded the song in Hollywood on October 26, 1949. It was released by RCA Victor Records as catalog number 31-00138B and by EMI on the His Master's Voice label as catalog numbers B 9970, SG 2371, HM 3755 and JM 2678.

A recording by Perry Como and The Fontane Sisters was the most popular. It was recorded on November 7, 1949 and released by RCA Victor Records as a 78 rpm single (catalog number 20-3607-B) and as a 45rpm single (catalog number 47-3113-B). The flip side was "A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes". The recording reached number 14 on the *Billboard* chart. The same single was released in the United Kingdom by EMI on the His Master's Voice label as a 78rpm single (catalog number B 9961). It was also released with catalogue numbers HN 2730, X 7279, SAB 8 and IP 615.

Another recording, by Jo Stafford and Gordon MacRae, was released by Capitol Records as catalog number 782. The record first reached the *Billboard* charts on December 16, 1949 and lasted 7 weeks on the chart, peaking at number 19. It was backed with "Echoes" on the flip side.

On the *Cash Box* Best-Selling Record charts, where all versions were combined, the song reached number 7.

The Kings Men performed the song on the Fibber McGee and Molly radio program on January 10, 1950.

Bing Crosby recorded the song with Vic Schoen and His Orchestra on January 3, 1950. Dinah Shore also recorded the song on September 9, 1949. It is currently in the compilation of 1992 Sony Music (Legacy label) album "Zip A Dee Doo Dah".

This song was used in a Gatorade commercial starring Sergio Ramos, Leo Messi, David Luiz, and Landon Donovan promoting the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

The first line of the lyric was used as a mantra by Nellie McKay in a Guy Noir skit during episode 1482, January 24, 2015, of A Prairie Home Companion.

## Lyrics

The lyrics of the song, as with the title, are composed nearly entirely of gibberish, e.g. "Sala-gadoola-menchicka-boo-la bibbidi-bobbidi-boo / Put 'em together and what have you got? / Bibbidi-bobbidi-boo". The 1949 recording, however, has several extra English lines that were not used in the 1950 Disney version, including: "If your mind is in a dither, and your heart is in a haze, I'll haze your dither, and dither your haze, with a magic phrase", and "if you're chased around by trouble, and followed by a jinx, I'll jinx your trouble, and trouble your jinx, in less than forty winks." The tempo of the various recordings also differs widely.

## Covers

In 1955, Jack Pleis recorded it for his album, *Music from Disneyland*.

In the Disney/Square Enix crossover game *Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep*, the song has been reorchestrated by Yoko Shimomura as the theme tune for the Cinderella world Castle of Dreams.

Louis Armstrong covered it and the recording was released in 1968 on Disney's Buena Vista Label (F-469).

In 1975, Bando Da Lua recorded it for the album, *Bando Da Lua Nos E.U.A*.

In 1980 Mino Reitano and Luca Chinnici recorded it (in Italian) for the album *Ciao amico* (Hello friend) with Italian text by Devilli.

In 1987, Sharon, Lois & Bram recorded and performed it for their television series Sharon, Lois & Bram's Elephant Show for the episode titled "Cooking School".

On the 2012 album *Disney - Koe no Oujisama*, which features various Japanese voice actors covering Disney songs, this song was covered by Jun Fukuyama.

On *SpongeBob SquarePants*, a similar sounding tune is heard sometimes such as when Squidward was playing a piece on his clarinet that incorporates a similar sounding tune as seen in the episode, "Squid Wood".

On *House of Mouse*, Jafar and Iago help Mickey and friends bring the clubhouse back after Daisy accidentally made it disappear by doing a duet version of "Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo" as seen in the episode, "House of Magic".

Helena Bonham Carter, who plays the Fairy Godmother in the Disney 2015 film remake, recorded the song for the film's soundtrack.

Akira Toriyama named three characters in *Dragon Ball* after this song: the evil wizard Bibbidi, his son Bobbidi, and Bibbidi's powerful creation Majin Boo. However, these names are spelt as "Bibidi", "Babidi", and "Majin Buu" respectively, in the English dub of the animated adaption. Also, two characters of the arcade game *Dragon Ball Heroes* are also named after the song: the Majin Hero Salaga and the demon Mechickaboola.

The song is parodied on the *Pinky, Elmyra & the Brain* episode "Narfily Ever After", a parody of *Cinderella*.

A parody version recorded by Mickey Katz is entitled "The Baby, the Bubbe, and You".

The lyrics of the song are algebraically analyzed in a math lesson by Mr. Garrison in the *South Park* episode "Royal Pudding".

The title of the song is sung several times in Buck-Tick's song "Django!!! -Genwaku no Django-" from their album *Razzle Dazzle*.

This phrase is often referenced in other Disney stories, mostly when magic is being used. For example, in *The Return of Jafar*, and also in the *Hercules* TV series, in the 'One Saturday Morning episodes,' Episode 12: "Hercules and the Gorgon."

The popular radio show *My Favorite Husband* episode which aired on July 27, 1950, makes fun of the nonsense words of this song. The title of the episode is "Liz Writes A Song".

The film *Shrek 2* features a parody of the song, sung by Fiona's fairy godmother.

*The Tim Conway Jr. Show*, on KFI Radio in Los Angeles, California, sometimes plays a version of the song in which the singer is interrupted by an Angry Doug Steckler who criticizes the song's math skills.

Female members of SM Entertainment's pre-debut trainees team SM Rookies Koeun, Hina, and Lami covered a Korean version of the song in the Disney Channel Korea show Mickey Mouse Club in 2015.

The line "Bibbidi bobbidi" is mentioned again in the song 9 & 3/4 (Run Away) by HYBE's Tomorrow X Together in 2019.

The line "Bibbidi bobbidi Boo" is mentioned again in Josh's rap line of the song Bazinga by SB19 in 2021.

The Bibbidi Bobbidi Boutique is a Cinderella inspired makeover salon in Disney Parks named for this song.

## InfoBox

| "Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by Verna Felton | |
| from the album  **Cinderella* (1950 film soundtrack)* | |
| Released | 1950 |
| Recorded | October 26, 1949 |
| Genre | Soundtrack |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
|  | |
| Official Video | |
| "Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Robert Meeuwsen

abstract: Robert Meeuwsen is a Dutch male beach volleyball player. He is the 2013 World Champion alongside his teammate Alexander Brouwer. He is also a beach volleyball bronze medalist from the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

text:
# Robert Meeuwsen

**Robert Meeuwsen** (born 21 March 1988 in Nieuwegein) is a Dutch male beach volleyball player. He is the 2013 World Champion alongside his teammate Alexander Brouwer. He is also a beach volleyball bronze medalist from the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

## InfoBox

| Robert Meeuwsen | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Personal information | |
| Nationality | Dutch |
| Born | 21 March 1988 (1988-03-21) (age 36)<br>Nieuwegein, Netherlands |
| Height | 207 cm (6 ft 9 in) |
| Honours      Men's beach volleyball  Representing  Netherlands  Olympic Games  2016 Rio de Janeiro  Beach  World Championships  2013 Stare Jabłonki  Beach | |


# East Yorkshire District Council elections

East Yorkshire was a non-metropolitan district in Humberside, England. It was abolished on 1 April 1996 and replaced by East Riding of Yorkshire.

## Political control

The first election to the council was held in 1973, initially operating as a shadow authority before coming into its powers on 1 April 1974. Political control of the council from 1973 until its abolition in 1996 was held by the following parties:

| Party in control | | Years |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | 1973–1979 |
|  | Conservative | 1979–1991 |
|  | No overall control | 1991–1996 |

## Council elections

## District result maps

## By-election results


title: Pulse Ultra

abstract: Pulse Ultra was a Canadian alternative metal band from Montreal, Quebec. They were active from 1997 to 2004, releasing one major label album, Headspace, through Atlantic Records in 2002.

text:
# Pulse Ultra

**Pulse Ultra** was a Canadian alternative metal band from Montreal, Quebec. They were active from 1997 to 2004, releasing one major label album, *Headspace*, through Atlantic Records in 2002.

## History

### Early years (1997–2000)

Pulse Ultra was initially formed as Head Space in 1997 by guitarist Dominic Cifarelli and bassist Jeff Feldman. Drummer Maxx Zinno was added that same year. During the time, as Head Space, they had the vocalist Claudio Dongarra. Two years after Dongarra left the band, vocalist Zo Vizza, was added to the band and they made the name change to Pulse Ultra. Regarding the name, Cifarelli said "Everything right now is so fast-paced. Everything is ultra this, ultra that — ultra soft tissue to wipe your ass, and ultra light cigarettes to give you ultra cancer. Then pulse stands for being human, for life. So Pulse Ultra — it's like life amped up and taken to the next level."

Pulse Ultra's break came in 2000 when the band met Taproot, with Cifarelli later passing on one of their demos to the band. Taproot guitarist Mike DeWolf, through their management team Velvet Hammer, later got the band signed with Atlantic Records.

### Major label debut and break-up (2001–2004)

After a year of songwriting, the band issued their debut album *Headspace* on July 16, 2002. The band would appear on the Ozzfest tour that year in support of the album's release. Subsequently, the album failed to push the band into the mainstream. In early 2004 the band went back to L.A. to work on the follow-up to "Headspace". A few months into pre-production, Atlantic Records merged with AOL Time Warner. This resulted in Pulse Ultra being dropped due to minimal record sales.

At some point during mid-2004, tensions grew between the band and Zo. Which soon after would lead Pulse Ultra to look for a new vocalist. In a post on the band's official forum, Zo stated that the split was amicable and they were all on good terms. Despite auditioning Lukas Rossi, the band would disband shortly after. They are now all involved in other projects. Dominic Cifarelli (guitarist) released his debut solo project The Chronicles of Israfel in 2007 and this project is on hiatus as he now plays bass in Scars on Broadway. Jeff Feldman is now playing bass in electronic/avant-garde band Elsiane and is working on other numerous endeavours which include soundtrack music and a project titled Hallway Memoirs. Maxx Zinno later played drums for the Los Angeles-based indie rock trio Run.

Their single "Build Your Cages" was featured on the soundtrack for *Need For Speed: Hot Pursuit 2*, released by EA in 2002.

## Members

* Zo Vizza – vocals
* Dominic Cifarelli – guitar (The Chronicles of Israfel, ex-Scars on Broadway)
* Jeff Feldman – bass
* Maxx Zinno – drums

## Discography

| Album information |
| --- |
| ***Headspace*** |
|

## InfoBox

| Pulse Ultra | |
| --- | --- |
| Pulse Ultra in 2002. L–R: Jeff Feldman, Dominic Cifarelli, Zo Vizza, Maxx Zinno | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
| Genres | Alternative metal, nu metal, progressive metal |
| Years active | 1997–2004 |
| Labels | Atlantic Records |
|  | |
| Members | Zo Vizza
Dominic Cifarelli
Jeff Feldman
Maxx Zinno |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Bleuette Bernon

abstract: Bleuette Bernon was a French press actress who appeared in at least five films made by Georges Méliès around the turn of the 20th century. The early films, made before 1900, were usually without plot and had a runtime of just a few minutes. However, Méliès evolved the genre of the fictional motion picture, and Bernon became one of the early character actors in movies. In 1899, she played the title character in Méliès's Jeanne d'Arc, and Cinderella in Cendrillon. In 1901, she appeared in Barbe-bleue. In 1902 she appeared in a minor role in A Trip to the Moon, which is the best known film of Méliès, as one "lady in the Moon". In 1903 she appeared as Aurora in Le Royaume des fées.

text:
# Bleuette Bernon

**Bleuette Bernon** (6 June 1878 – 15 June 1937) was a French press actress who appeared in at least five films made by Georges Méliès around the turn of the 20th century. The early films, made before 1900, were usually without plot and had a runtime of just a few minutes. However, Méliès evolved the genre of the fictional motion picture, and Bernon became one of the early character actors in movies. In 1899, she played the title character in Méliès's *Jeanne d'Arc*, and Cinderella in *Cendrillon*. In 1901, she appeared in *Barbe-bleue*. In 1902 she appeared in a minor role in *A Trip to the Moon*, which is the best known film of Méliès, as one "lady in the Moon". In 1903 she appeared as Aurora in *Le Royaume des fées*.

## InfoBox

| Bleuette Bernon | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 6 June 1878
14th arrondissement of Paris, France |
| Died | 15 June 1937 (aged 59)
France |
| Occupation | Film actress |
| Children | Marianne Cantrelle |
| Relatives | Jacqueline Cantrelle |


title: Blairmore, Alberta

abstract: Blairmore is a community in the Rocky Mountains within the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass in southwest Alberta, Canada. It was formerly incorporated as a town prior to 1979 when it amalgamated with four other municipalities to form Crowsnest Pass. Blairmore is the principal commercial centre of Crowsnest Pass.

text:
# Blairmore, Alberta

**Blairmore** is a community in the Rocky Mountains within the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass in southwest Alberta, Canada. It was formerly incorporated as a town prior to 1979 when it amalgamated with four other municipalities to form Crowsnest Pass. Blairmore is the principal commercial centre of Crowsnest Pass.

## History

Originally a Canadian Pacific Railway stop called **Tenth Siding** or **The Springs** (for the cold sulphur spring to the east), the settlement was renamed Blairmore in November 1898 and it got a post office the following year. A ten-year dispute over land ownership between the CPR station agent and the section foreman stunted early development. The community was incorporated as the Village of Blairmore on September 3, 1901. Blairmore's principal industry was lumber and, after 1907, coal. Other industries soon followed. Blairmore incorporated as a town on September 29, 1911. With the declining fortunes of the nearby community of Frank, Blairmore soon became the region's economic centre. The Greenhill mine, located just north of Blairmore, became the mainstay of the community until its closure in 1957.

One of the town's early residents was Emilio Picariello (1875 – 1923). "Emperor Pic" settled in Blairmore in 1918 and operated several businesses, but also illegally imported alcohol from nearby British Columbia during prohibition. Picariello and Florence Lassandro were hanged in 1923 after the shooting death of Alberta Provincial Police constable Steve Lawson in 1922.

Like many Canadian industrial towns in the 1930s, Blairmore had some sympathies with Communism. Canada's first Communist town council and school board were elected in Blairmore in 1933, which reformed the tax system, and refused to observe Remembrance Day as an Imperialist holiday and honoured the Russian Revolution instead. A street was named after the leader of the Communist Party of Canada, Tim Buck, a decision that was reversed by the next town council.

On November 3, 1978, the Government of Alberta passed the *Crowsnest Pass Municipal Unification Act*, which led to the formal amalgamation of the Town of Blairmore with the Village of Bellevue, the Town of Coleman, the Village of Frank, and Improvement District (ID) No. 5 on January 1, 1979.

### Canadian Militia

From 1946 to 1965, Blairmore was home to Canadian Militia units associated with the Royal Canadian Electrical Mechanical Engineers. From 1946 to 1950, No. 22 Armoured Workshop existed prior to being renamed as a Troop of 39 Technical Squadron (1950–1954) and eventually the 31st Technical Squadron (1954–1965). During this time, the Squadron had a band which regularly paraded within the town as well as a 535 Royal Canadian Army Cadet Corps, which existed until 1971.

## Geography

Blairmore is located in southwest Alberta in the Canadian Rockies. It is approximately 135 km (84 mi) west of Lethbridge on Highway 3 (Crowsnest Highway) and approximately 20 km (12 mi) east of the British Columbia border. Fellow Crowsnest Pass communities Frank and Coleman are 3 km (1.9 mi) to the east and 6 km (3.7 mi) to the west respectively.

### Geology

Volcanic rocks in the Blairmore area are related to the Crowsnest Formation. As a geological unit, the volcanics received some attention in the late 1980s when geologists stated they had found trace amounts of gold in certain units of the volcanics. Blairmorite, a rare volcanic rock of the Crowsnest Formation, is named after Blairmore.

## Demographics

Population history of Blairmore
| Year Pop. ±%  1901 231       1906 449 +94.4%  1911 1,137 +153.2%  1916 1,219 +7.2%  1921 1,552 +27.3%  1926 1,609 +3.7%  1931 1,629 +1.2%  1936 1,682 +3.3%  1941 1,731 +2.9%  1946 1,767 +2.1%  1951 1,933 +9.4%  1956 1,973 +2.1%  1961 1,980 +0.4% | Year Pop. ±%  1966 1,779 −10.2%  1971 2,037 +14.5%  1976 2,321 +13.9%  1981 2,384 +2.7%  1986 2,256 −5.4%  1991 2,163 −4.1%  1996 2,118 −2.1%  2001 1,993 −5.9%  2006 1,830 −8.2%  2011 1,723 −5.8%  2016 1,545 −10.3%  2021 1,522 −1.5% |
| --- | --- |
| Source: *Statistics Canada* | |

In the 2021 Census of Population, the urban population centre of Blairmore, as delineated by Statistics Canada, recorded a population of 1,522 living in 731 of its 896 total private dwellings, a change of -1.5% from its 2016 population of 1,545. With a land area of 2.04 km2 (0.79 sq mi), it had a population density of 746.1/km2 (1,932.3/sq mi) in 2021.

As a population centre in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Blairmore recorded a population of 1,545 living in 731 of its 886 total private dwellings, a 1.6% change from its 2011 population of 1,521. With a land area of 2.04 km2 (0.79 sq mi), it had a population density of 757.4/km2 (1,961.5/sq mi) in 2016.

## InfoBox

| Blairmore Tenth Siding
The Springs | |
| --- | --- |
| Former village | |
| The Cosmopolitan Hotel and Bar in Blairmore | |
| BlairmoreBlairmore | |
| Coordinates: 49°36′29″N 114°26′20″W / 49.60806°N 114.43889°W / 49.60806; -114.43889 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Alberta |
| Census division | No. 15 |
| Specialized municipality | Municipality of Crowsnest Pass |
| Village | September 3, 1901 |
| Town | September 29, 1911 |
| Amalgamated | January 1, 1979 |
| Government | |
| Type | Unincorporated |
| Governing body | Municipality of Crowsnest Pass Council |
| Area | |
| Land | 2.04 km2 (0.79 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 1,522 |
| Density | 741.6/km2 (1,921/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC−7 (MST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−6 (MDT) |


title: Conveyor (sternwheeler)

abstract: The Conveyor was one of five sternwheelers built for the use on the Skeena River by Foley, Welch and Stewart for construction work on the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. The other four were the Operator, the Skeena, the Distributor and the Omineca. Three of these, the Conveyor, the Operator and the Distributor were built at Victoria, British Columbia in 1908 by Alexander Watson Jr.

text:
# Conveyor (sternwheeler)

The ***Conveyor*** was one of five sternwheelers built for the use on the Skeena River by Foley, Welch and Stewart for construction work on the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. The other four were the *Operator*, the *Skeena*, the *Distributor* and the *Omineca*. Three of these, the *Conveyor*, the *Operator* and the *Distributor* were built at Victoria, British Columbia in 1908 by Alexander Watson Jr.

## Skeena River

The *Conveyor* began her work on the Skeena River in 1909 under the command of Captain Jack Shannon. She and the other four Foley, Welch and Stewart sternwheelers had their work cut out for them. The construction of the railway from Prince Rupert to Hazelton was one of the most difficult sections of track that would ever be laid in North America. This 186 mile stretch would take nearly four years to build and would employ thousands of workers.

At the end of the season of navigation in 1911, the *Conveyor* and her sister ship *Operator* were finished on the Skeena, but would continue to work on the Grand Trunk Pacific from the other end of construction on the upper Fraser River.

## Fraser River

The *Conveyor* and the *Operator* were both taken down to Victoria and dismantled, and their machinery and equipment was put in boxcars and shipped by rail to Jasper, Alberta and then to the end of steel at the eastern end of construction. Because the tracks had not reached the head of navigation yet, the boilers and other equipment had to be hauled by mule wagon the last 25 miles to the shipyard at Tête Jaune Cache. It was a difficult and dangerous operation, taking a full week, and one construction worker was killed. At Tête Jaune Cache, the machinery was put into new hulls, and the two new ships were once again named *Operator* and *Conveyor*, and both were put back under the command of their old captains. Both were launched on at Tête Jaune Cache on May 12, 1912.

The *Conveyor* was a large and powerful steamer, capable of carrying 200 passengers, 200 tons of freight, and could also handle a 100-ton barge. In 1912, the *Operator* and the *Conveyor* began work on the upper Fraser but were confined to the area around Tête Jaune Cache as it was a season of very low water and river navigation for these large sternwheelers was nearly impossible. The *Conveyor* and the *Operator* worked regularly during the season of 1913 and then were berthed for the winter at Mile 142 on the downriver side of a new low-level bridge that had just been built, which had cut off navigation for sternwheelers to go further upriver. This bridge had come as an unpleasant surprise to the BC Express Company, which had been promised that the bridges along the upper Fraser would be built with lift-spans to allow sternwheelers access to travel underneath them. However, the low-level bridge made no difference to the two Foley, Welch and Stewart boats, who were finished on this section of the upper Fraser.

In 1914, their next task would be to work on the construction for the Pacific Great Eastern Railway which was being built from Fort George south. Their new route would take them from Fort George to Soda Creek.

The *Conveyor* and the *Operator* worked this route from May to August 1914, serving the new work camps and hauling supplies and equipment for rail construction.

By 1914, the rivalry between the FW&S boats and the BC Express boats was quite heated and it soon came down to a race. The *Conveyor* had proved itself to be swifter than its sister ship *Operator*, as had the *BX* proven swifter than the *BC Express*, so one day in July, Captain Shannon challenged Captain Browne to a race to Quesnel from Soda Creek. The rules were rather odd, as the *BX* was still obligated to stop and deliver her mail at several different landings whereas the *Conveyor* had no such obligation and could run right through. As the race progressed, it soon became obvious to all that the *BX* was the faster boat, as she had stayed ahead for most of the race, despite having to stop several times. At one landing the *BX* had more mail to deliver than usual and had fallen behind the *Conveyor*, but she soon caught up and was passing her opponent when Captain Johnson rammed the *BX* with the *Conveyor*. Captain Browne immediately pulled over to inspect his boat for damages and the *Conveyor* pulled ahead again. Browne soon discovered that the *Conveyor* had hit the *BX* just where the shear of her guards met and that there was no serious damage. When Browne arrived in Quesnel, he had almost caught up with the *Conveyor* again. When the full tale was heard by the local populace, it was unanimously agreed that the *BX* was the winner and she was declared the "Speed Queen of the Fraser". Captain Shannon, meanwhile was apologetic, and had stated that he just got caught up in the moment.

That was the last race on the upper Fraser River, because that August would bring the onset of World War I and the halting of construction of the Pacific Great Eastern. The *Conveyor* and the *Operator* both ceased work immediately and were hauled out of the river and left to rot at Foley's Cache at Fort George.

## References and further reading

* Downs, Art (1971). *Paddlewheels on the Frontier Volume 1*. Foremost Publishing. ISBN 0-88826-033-4.
* West, Willis (1985). *Stagecoach and Sternwheel Days in the Cariboo and Central BC*. Heritage House. ISBN 0-919214-68-1.
* West, Willis (1949). *The BX and the Rush to Fort George*. British Columbia Historical Quarterly.
* Leonard, Frank (1996). *A Thousand Blunders: The History of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway in Northern British Columbia*. UBC Press. ISBN 0-7748-0552-8.

## InfoBox

| *Conveyor* on Fraser River 1913 | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Canada | |
| Name | *Conveyor* |
| Laid down | 1908 in Victoria for Skeena River |
| Launched | 1909 on Skeena River May 12, 1912 on Fraser River |
| In service | 1909–1914 |
| Reinstated | Rebuilt in 1911 at Tête Jaune Cache for Fraser River |
| Fate | Retired in 1914 |
| General characteristics | |
| Length | 141.7 ft (43.2 m) |
| Beam | 34.8 ft (10.6 m) |
| Notes | No.130885 |


title: SAINS F.C.

abstract: Syarikat Air Negeri Sembilan Football Club, simply known as SAINS FC, was a Malaysian professional football club based in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. They last played in the third division of the Malaysian football league system, the Malaysia M3 League.

text:
# SAINS F.C.

**Syarikat Air Negeri Sembilan Football Club**, simply known as **SAINS FC**, was a Malaysian professional football club based in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. They last played in the third division of the Malaysian football league system, the Malaysia M3 League.

## History

SAINS FC started fielding a football team for Malaysia's domestic competitions the M-League. In 2019, the club has won the play-off, winning promotion to the 2020 M3 League.

## Players

*As of 11 March 2023*

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  3 DF  MAS Tengku Qayyum  4 DF  MAS Azli Azrul  5 DF  MAS Arif Ismail  6 MF  MAS Asyraf Roslan  7 MF  MAS Ridhwan Dulfakar  8 DF  MAS Zulhelmi Roslan  9 FW  MAS Nurzaidi Bunari  10 DF  MAS Nazrul Kamaruzaman  11 MF  MAS Khaizil Jasmi  12 GK  MAS Kaharuddin Rahman  13 FW  MAS Norfaizzal Faroq Zaharuddin  14 DF  MAS Danial Hadri  15 DF  MAS Daniel Haikal  16 MF  MAS Fikri Rahim  17 MF  MAS Amirul Afiq  18 MF  MAS Rafiq Shah  19 MF  MAS Naqiuddin Amran | No. Pos. Nation Player  20 MF  MAS Tengku Norzaiful  21 DF  MAS Huzaimi Mokhtar  22 GK  MAS Izzat Hakimi  23 FW  MAS Firdaus Azizul  24 FW  MAS Fauzi Latif  26 DF  MAS Iman Hakimi  27 DF  MAS Zulkhairi Zulkeply  28 DF  MAS Dzaiddin Zainuddin  29 DF  MAS Alif Samsudin  30 GK  MAS Jibrail Kamaron  34 DF  MAS Amier Amsyar  80 MF  MAS Murtadza Noradzan  88 DF  MAS Zamri Johar |
| --- | --- |

## Management team

* **Team manager**: Mohamad Afif Anuar
* **Assistant manager**: Azizul Hamzah
* **Head coach**: Hamizar Hamzah
* **Assistant coach**: Mohd Tarmizi Bin Mahamed Hanifah
* **Goalkeeping coach**: Fadil Mohd Faksi, Mohd Fausi
* **Fitness coach**: Mohd Kamil Ujang
* **Physio**: Muhammad Azri Raffi

## Honours

### League

**Winners (1):** 2019 * **PBNS President**

**Winners (1):** 2019  Runners-up (2): 2017, 2018

## InfoBox

SAINS FC
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Syarikat Air Negeri Sembilan Football Club |
| Founded | 2019 (2019) |
| Dissolved | 2024 |
| Ground | Tuanku Abdul Rahman Stadium |
| Capacity | 45,000 |
| Chairman | Mislan Miskan |
| Head coach | Hamizar Hamzah |
| League | Malaysia M3 League |
| 2023 | Malaysia M3 League, 5th of 13 |


title: Trigonometric polynomial

abstract: In the mathematical subfields of numerical analysis and mathematical analysis, a trigonometric polynomial is a finite linear combination of functions sin(nx) and cos(nx) with n taking on the values of one or more natural numbers. The coefficients may be taken as real numbers, for real-valued functions. For complex coefficients, there is no difference between such a function and a finite Fourier series. Trigonometric polynomials are widely used, for example in trigonometric interpolation applied to the interpolation of periodic functions. They are used also in the discrete Fourier transform. The term trigonometric polynomial for the real-valued case can be seen as using the analogy: the functions sin(nx) and cos(nx) are similar to the monomial basis for polynomials. In the complex case the trigonometric polynomials are spanned by the positive and negative powers of e i x, i.e., Laurent polynomials in z under the change of variables x ↦ z := e i x.

text:
# Trigonometric polynomial

In the mathematical subfields of numerical analysis and mathematical analysis, a **trigonometric polynomial** is a finite linear combination of functions sin(*nx*) and cos(*nx*) with *n* taking on the values of one or more natural numbers. The coefficients may be taken as real numbers, for real-valued functions. For complex coefficients, there is no difference between such a function and a finite Fourier series.

Trigonometric polynomials are widely used, for example in trigonometric interpolation applied to the interpolation of periodic functions. They are used also in the discrete Fourier transform.

The term *trigonometric polynomial* for the real-valued case can be seen as using the analogy: the functions sin(*nx*) and cos(*nx*) are similar to the monomial basis for polynomials. In the complex case the trigonometric polynomials are spanned by the positive and negative powers of $e^{ix}$, i.e., Laurent polynomials in $z$ under the change of variables $x\mapsto z:=e^{ix}$.

## Definition

Any function *T* of the form

$T(x)=a\_{0}+\sum \_{n=1}^{N}a\_{n}\cos(nx)+\sum \_{n=1}^{N}b\_{n}\sin(nx)\qquad (x\in \mathbb {R} )$

with coefficients $a\_{n},b\_{n}\in \mathbb {C} $ and at least one of the highest-degree coefficients $a\_{N}$ and $b\_{N}$ non-zero, is called a *complex trigonometric polynomial* of degree *N*. Using Euler's formula the polynomial can be rewritten as

$T(x)=\sum \_{n=-N}^{N}c\_{n}e^{inx}\qquad (x\in \mathbb {R} ).$ with $c\_{n}\in \mathbb {C} $.

Analogously, letting coefficients $a\_{n},b\_{n}\in \mathbb {R} $, and at least one of $a\_{N}$ and $b\_{N}$ non-zero or, equivalently, $c\_{n}\in \mathbb {R} $ and $c\_{n}={\bar {c}\_{-n}}$ for all $n\in \[-N,N\]$, then

$t(x)=a\_{0}+\sum \_{n=1}^{N}a\_{n}\cos(nx)+\sum \_{n=1}^{N}b\_{n}\sin(nx)\qquad (x\in \mathbb {R} )$

is called a *real trigonometric polynomial* of degree *N*.

## Properties

A trigonometric polynomial can be considered a periodic function on the real line, with period some divisor of  $2\pi $, or as a function on the unit circle.

Trigonometric polynomials are dense in the space of continuous functions on the unit circle, with the uniform norm; this is a special case of the Stone–Weierstrass theorem. More concretely, for every continuous function  $f$ and every  $\epsilon \>0$ there exists a trigonometric polynomial  $T$ such that $|f(z)-T(z)|\<\epsilon $ for all  $z$. Fejér's theorem states that the arithmetic means of the partial sums of the Fourier series of  $f$ converge uniformly to  $f$ provided  $f$ is continuous on the circle; these partial sums can be used to approximate  $f$.

A trigonometric polynomial of degree  $N$ has a maximum of  $2N$ roots in a real interval  $\[a,a+2\pi )$ unless it is the zero function.

## Fejér-Riesz theorem

The Fejér-Riesz theorem states that every positive *real* trigonometric polynomial $t(x)=\sum \_{n=-N}^{N}c\_{n}e^{inx},$ satisfying $t(x)\>0$ for all $x\in \mathbb {R} $, can be represented as the square of the modulus of another (usually *complex*) trigonometric polynomial $q(x)$ such that: $t(x)=|q(x)|^{2}=q(x){\bar {q}(x).}$ Or, equivalently, every Laurent polynomial $w(z)=\sum \_{n=-N}^{N}w\_{n}z^{n},$ with $w\_{n}\in \mathbb {C} $ that satisfies $w(\zeta )\geq 0$ for all $\zeta \in \mathbb {T} $ can be written as: $w(\zeta )=|p(\zeta )|^{2}=p(\zeta ){\bar {p}({\bar {\zeta }),}}$ for some polynomial $p(z)$.

* Dritschel, Michael A.; Rovnyak, James (2010). "The Operator Fejér-Riesz Theorem". *A Glimpse at Hilbert Space Operators*. Basel: Springer Basel. doi:10.1007/978-3-0346-0347-8\_14. ISBN 978-3-0346-0346-1.
* Hussen, Abdulmtalb; Zeyani, Abdelbaset (2021). "Fejer-Riesz Theorem and Its Generalization". *International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP)*. **11** (6): 286–292. doi:10.29322/IJSRP.11.06.2021.p11437.
* Powell, Michael J. D. (1981), *Approximation Theory and Methods*, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29514-7
* Riesz, Frigyes; Szőkefalvi-Nagy, Béla (1990). *Functional analysis*. New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-66289-3.
* Rudin, Walter (1987), *Real and complex analysis* (3rd ed.), New York: McGraw-Hill, ISBN 978-0-07-054234-1, MR 0924157.


title: St. Anthony High School (California)

abstract: St. Anthony High School is a private, Roman Catholic high school located in Long Beach, California. It is served by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles.

text:
# St. Anthony High School (California)

**St. Anthony High School** is a private, Roman Catholic high school located in Long Beach, California. It is served by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles.

## History

St. Anthony High School was founded as a Catholic coeducational high school in 1920 by the Sisters of the Immaculate Heart and St. Anthony Parish. In 1940, the Brothers of Holy Cross joined the Sisters on campus and St. Anthony became a boys' school and a girls' school with facilities dedicated to each on the same campus. In 1972 the two schools merged and St. Anthony became coeducational once again. Today, St. Anthony High School is an Archdiocesan high school and remains a co-ed school.

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

| St. Anthony High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 620 Olive Avenue
Long Beach 90802
United States | |
| Coordinates | 33°46′30″N 118°10′56″W / 33.77500°N 118.18222°W / 33.77500; -118.18222 |
| Information | |
| Type | Private, Coeducational |
| Motto | Spes Nostra
(Our Hope) |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Roman Catholic |
| Patron saint(s) | St. Anthony of Padua |
| Established | 1920 |
| Oversight | Archdiocese of Los Angeles |
| President | Christine Tucker |
| Principal | Adan Jaramillo |
| Teaching staff | 19.8 (FTE) |
| Grades | -12 |
| Enrollment | 525 (2015-2016) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 22.1 |
| Campus | Urban |
| Color(s) | Purple and White |
| Mascot | Antonio, The Saint |
| Team name | Saints |
| Accreditation | Western Association of Schools and Colleges |
| Yearbook | *Anthonian* |
| Website | www.longbeachsaints.org |
|  | |


title: Classic Head quarter eagle

text:
# Classic Head quarter eagle

The Classic Head $2.50 gold coin is an American coin, also called a quarter eagle, minted from 1834 to 1839. It features Liberty on the obverse and an eagle on the reverse.

## Economic conditions

The year 1834 witnessed tough economic times in the United States. President Andrew Jackson was opposed to the developing central bank of that era known as the Second Bank of the United States. His aim was to reform a system which took power away from the states and concentrated it in the hands of a few. He recognized the potential for abuse and manipulation that was not necessarily in the best interests of the United States. His attacks on the fledgling central bank served to erode their power despite the fact that their charter did not expire until 1836. This allowed the president to introduce banking reform which was officially passed by Congress in 1836. It was known as the Deposit Act.

In 1834, President Jackson began action to strengthen the U.S. economy. His goal was to retire the notes of the Bank of the United States prevalent in society at that time and to replace them with specie gold. In addition, he realized that the ratio between gold and silver must be adjusted if gold specie was to remain in circulation. At that time, the gold to silver ratio was 15:1 while in Europe, the ratio was 15.5:1. This led to the practice of melting down contemporary U.S. gold coins for profit because there was a slightly higher gold content than the face value. This practice led to significant coin rarities in the Capped Bust series of gold coins minted from 1808 to 1834. Gold specie fineness was reduced from .9167 fine to .8992 fine and the gold to silver ratio was increased to 16:1. This action was extremely astute and ensured that the new $2.50 and $5 coins would remain in circulation. These were the first widely circulated gold coins in US history.

## Design

The new quarter eagle also saw a reduction in diameter from 20 millimeters to 18.2 millimeters and a reduction in weight from 4.37 grams to 4.18 grams. The new issue was designed by William Kneass and minted in Philadelphia, Charlotte (1838–39), New Orleans (1839 only), and Dahlonega (1839 only).

The original 1834 dated Classic Head $2.50 gold coins come in two different varieties: the "Small Head” and the “Booby Head.”

## Collecting

About uncirculated (AU) and mint state specimens may exhibit proof-like or semi proof-like surfaces. In general, a semi proof-like surface is somewhat reflective around the devices and the edge of the coin as well as around the portrait. Coins that have not been cleaned generally show an original patina manifested with various golden, orange colors and a thick "skin". Advanced collectors seek such specimens as opposed to cleaned, shiny examples.

This series is highly collectible and are relatively inexpensive for an early gold U.S. coin. The astute collector/investor will seek original, problem-free examples and avoid damaged and inferior coins, regardless of the grade. It is also wise to pursue coins authenticated and graded by a leading third party grading service such as Numismatic Guaranty Corporation (NGC) or Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS).

### Bibliography


title: Clathrotropis

abstract: Clathrotropis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It includes 7 species native to northern South America, ranging from Peru to Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil. The genus belongs to subfamily Faboideae.

text:
# Clathrotropis

***Clathrotropis*** is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It includes 7 species native to northern South America, ranging from Peru to Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil. The genus belongs to subfamily Faboideae.

## Species

*Clathrotropis* comprises the following species:

Data related to Clathrotropis at Wikispecies

## InfoBox

| *Clathrotropis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Tribe: | Ormosieae |
| Genus: | *Clathrotropis*<br>(Benth.) Harms (1901) |
|
| Species | |
| 6–8; see text. | |


title: Clathrospora

abstract: Clathrospora is a genus of fungi in the family Diademaceae. The widespread genus contained five species in 2008, the genus increased to 20 species by 2023.

text:
# Clathrospora

***Clathrospora*** is a genus of fungi in the family Diademaceae. The widespread genus contained five species in 2008, the genus increased to 20 species by 2023.

## Species

As accepted by Species Fungorum;

Former species;

## InfoBox

| *Clathrospora* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Dothideomycetes |
| Order: | Pleosporales |
| Family: | Diademaceae |
| Genus: | ***Clathrospora***
Rabenh. (1857) |
|
| Type species | |
| *Clathrospora elynae*
Rabenh. (1857) | |


title: St Eugene College

abstract: St Eugene College is a partially selective, co-educational Catholic school, located in Burpengary, Queensland, Australia that provides education for students P–12 and was the first secondary school in Burpengary.

text:
# St Eugene College

**St Eugene College** is a partially selective, co-educational Catholic school, located in Burpengary, Queensland, Australia that provides education for students P–12 and was the first secondary school in Burpengary.

## Social justice

The school's patron is St Eugene de Mazenod and the school provides education according to the principles of the order of the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate which St Eugene founded. The Oblate understanding of the message of Jesus Christ incorporates respect for the dignity of all people and calls for action towards social justice to achieve these aims. The school organises and participates in events that promote social inclusion.

In June 2017, 120 of the staff and students of the school volunteered for school detention to raise awareness of the refugees being held in Australian immigration detention facilities.

In August 2017, the school community conducted a "sleep out" to highlight the plight of homeless people, accompanied by a giving campaign of blankets, non-perishable food and funds to the Society of St Vincent de Paul to assist homeless people.

## InfoBox

| St Eugene College | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| 138 Station Road, Burpengary,
City of Moreton Bay, Queensland
Australia | |
| Coordinates | 27°09′08″S 152°58′07″E / 27.1523°S 152.9687°E / -27.1523; 152.9687 |
| Information | |
| Other name | St Eugene Catholic College |
| Former name | St Eugene School |
| Type | Systemic co-educational primary and secondary school |
| Motto | Dare to grow in Faith, Hope and Love. |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Brisbane Catholic Education |
| Denomination | Roman Catholicism |
| Patron saint(s) | St Eugene de Mazenod |
| Opened | 1990 (1990) |
| Principal | Louise Olley |
| Website | www.steugene.qld.edu.au |


title: St Leonard's Hill

abstract: St Leonard's Hill was a large mansion near Clewer in Berkshire.

text:
# St Leonard's Hill

**St Leonard's Hill** was a large mansion near Clewer in Berkshire.

## History

The house, originally known as Forest Court, was built by Thomas Sandby for Countess Waldegrave in the 1760s. She named it Gloucester Lodge following her marriage to the Duke of Gloucester in 1766.

The house was bought by William Harcourt, 3rd Earl Harcourt in 1781 and, after remaining in the Harcourt family for over a century, it was acquired by Sir Francis Barry, 1st Baronet in 1872. Barry made substantial alterations in the Châteauesque style and renamed it St Leonard's Hill. Following the death of Lady Barry in 1924 the house was largely demolished.

51°28′06″N 0°39′04″W / 51.4682°N 0.6510°W / 51.4682; -0.6510


title: Sproul, West Virginia

abstract: Sproul is an unincorporated community in Kanawha County, West Virginia, United States. It was also known as Big Coal.

text:
# Sproul, West Virginia

**Sproul** is an unincorporated community in Kanawha County, West Virginia, United States. It was also known as **Big Coal**.

## InfoBox

| Sproul, West Virginia | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| SproulLocation within West Virginia and the United StatesSproulSproul (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 38°15′4″N 81°47′43″W / 38.25111°N 81.79528°W / 38.25111; -81.79528 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | West Virginia |
| County | Kanawha |
| Elevation | 623 ft (190 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| GNIS ID | 1555696 |


title: Sproul State Forest

abstract: Sproul State Forest is a Pennsylvania state forest in Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry District #10. The main offices are located in Renovo, Pennsylvania in Clinton County in the United States. The forest is located in western Clinton County and northern Centre County and contains 280,000 acres (113,310 ha) of land. It also includes several tracts in Potter, Cameron County, and Lycoming Counties. Its forests are part of the Allegheny Highlands forests ecoregion. It was named for former Pennsylvania governor William C. Sproul. The first land for what became Sproul State Forest was purchased in 1898. This was also the first land purchased by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for what are now the twenty Pennsylvania State Forests, with over two million acres (810,000 ha) of forest.

text:
# Sproul State Forest

**Sproul State Forest** is a Pennsylvania state forest in Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry District #10. The main offices are located in Renovo, Pennsylvania in Clinton County in the United States.

The forest is located in western Clinton County and northern Centre County and contains 280,000 acres (113,310 ha) of land. It also includes several tracts in Potter, Cameron County, and Lycoming Counties. Its forests are part of the Allegheny Highlands forests ecoregion. It was named for former Pennsylvania governor William C. Sproul (in office from 1919 to 1923).

The first land for what became Sproul State Forest was purchased in 1898. This was also the first land purchased by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for what are now the twenty Pennsylvania State Forests, with over two million acres (810,000 ha) of forest.

## History

The Sproul State Forest was named in memory of William C. Sproul, Governor of Pennsylvania from 1919 to 1923. Sproul State Forest was formed as a direct result of the depletion of the forests of Pennsylvania that took place during the mid-to-late 19th century. Conservationists like Dr. Joseph Rothrock became concerned that the forests would not regrow if they were not managed properly. Lumber and iron companies had harvested the old-growth forests for various reasons. They clear cut the forests and left behind nothing but dried tree tops and rotting stumps. The sparks of passing steam locomotives ignited wildfires that prevented the formation of second growth forests. The conservationists feared that the forest would never regrow if there was not a change in the philosophy of forest management. They called for the state to purchase land from the lumber and iron companies and the lumber and iron companies were more than willing to sell their land since that had depleted the natural resources of the forests. The changes began to take place in 1895 when Dr. Rothrock was appointed the first commissioner of the Pennsylvania Department of Forests and Waters, the forerunner of today's Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. The Pennsylvania General Assembly passed a piece of legislation in 1897 that authorized the purchase of "unseated lands for forest reservations." This was the beginning of the State Forest system.

## Trails

**Hiking** -- Two hiking trails systems designated as State Forest Trails are located within the Sproul State Forest. The Chuck Keiper Trail is a 50-mile (80 km) double looped system which includes trails in the Fish Dam Wild Area and Burns Run Wild Area. The Chuck Keiper Trail is marked with orange paint blazes.

The Donut Hole Trail is approximately 90 miles (140 km) in length and connects with the Susquehannock Trail System. The trail traverses Kettle Creek Park and terminates at Hyner Run State Park. The Donut Hole Trail is marked with orange paint blazes.

The Eagleton Mine Camp Trail, EMCT, is around a 20-mile loop that has an inter connector. The trail is marked in red. The map is found here

There are numerous other foot trails which were originally built for fire access which provide good hiking into most parts of the Sproul State Forest. These trails are not marked or maintained. When hiking in the Sproul State forest persons should dress for the weather and use map and compass

**Equestrian Use** -- An Equestrian Trail located near Kettle Creek State Park is a 15-mile (24 km) loop. The Eagleton Mine Camp Trail, a multi-use trail, offers a 20-mile (32 km) loop through several historical locations in the area. Additionally with the exception of designated hiking trails and municipal watersheds, horseback riders may utilized the old woods roads and State Forest Road system. Trail maps are available by contacting the Sproul district office.

**Mountain Biking** -- All trails within the Sproul State Forest are open to mountain biking, with the exception of the Donut Hole Trail and the Chuck Keiper Trail. Most trails are kept clear over the summer, but some do become overgrown. It is recommended you contact the district office to find out which trails are better for riding. The Eagleton Mine Camp Trail offers excellent biking. Many sections are narrow, steep and rocky. The northern section is not as technical as the southern loop.

**Cross-country Skiing** -- Hiking Bear Ski Trail is located on Hyner Mountain and traverses 14 miles (23 km). The trail covers diverse terrain providing opportunities for both novice and experienced skiers.

**Snowmobiling** -- Snowmobile Trails are available for use when snow conditions permit. The Hyner Mountain Trail system is marked and groomed. Also, many State Forest Roads are open for joint use of snowmobiles and licensed motorized vehicles.

**All Terrain Vehicles** -- There is one area in the Sproul State Forest open to All Terrain Vehicles use. The area is located near the Huling Branch of Two Mile Run and consists of old woods roads, old coal mining roads, and unreclaimed surface mining areas. All the rest of Sproul State Forest is closed to All Terrain Vehicle use.

## Fishing and Hunting

**Fishing** -

There are over 400 miles (640 km) of freestone cold water streams within the Sproul State Forest. Included in this total are 12 streams where water quality and native trout populations are such that these streams are classified as Wilderness Trout Streams.

**Hunting** -

Black bear, whitetail dear, and wild turkey habitat is abundant, and these species are found in good numbers throughout the Sproul State forest.

## Other Recreation

**Hang Gliding** -

Hyner View State Park offers seasonal hang gliding opportunities for recreation. Hang gliders take off from the vista and sail out over the West Branch of the Susquehanna River.

## Neighboring state forest districts

## Nearby state parks

## Natural and wild areas

* Project Ketch, a proposal to develop a location in Sproul State Forest as a natural gas storage facility, using nuclear explosives

## InfoBox

| Sproul State Forest | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category VI (protected area with sustainable use of natural resources) | |
| View of the West Branch Susquehanna River valley and Sproul State Forest, looking east from Hyner View State Park. | |
| Location of Sproul State Forest's headquarters in PennsylvaniaLocation Map of Sproul State Forest Holdings | |
| Location | Pennsylvania, United States |
| Coordinates | 41°19′40″N 77°44′58″W / 41.32778°N 77.74944°W / 41.32778; -77.74944 |
| Area | 280,000 acres (1,100 km2) |
| Established | 1898 |
| Governing body | Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources |
| Website | Sproul State Forest |


title: Clepsis fucana

abstract: Clepsis fucana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from British Columbia south to California. The length of the forewings is 6.4–10.6 mm.

text:
# Clepsis fucana

***Clepsis fucana*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from British Columbia south to California.

The length of the forewings is 6.4–10.6 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Clepsis fucana* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Clepsis* |
| Species: | ***C. fucana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Clepsis fucana***<br>(Walsingham, 1879) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Lozotaenia fucana* Walsingham, 1879 * *Clepsis busckana* Keifer, 1933 * *Cacoecia victoriana* Busck, 1922 | |


title: Clepsis hissarica

abstract: Clepsis hissarica is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Tajikistan.

text:
# Clepsis hissarica

***Clepsis hissarica*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Tajikistan.

## InfoBox

| *Clepsis hissarica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Clepsis* |
| Species: | ***C. hissarica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Clepsis hissarica***<br>Danilevsky, 1963 | |
|


title: Claudio Corti (climber)

abstract: Claudio Corti was a mountain climber from Olginate, Italy. He is most famous for his 1957 effort to climb the 1938 route on the North Face of the Eiger, during which his party was stranded and a massive rescue operation was organized. Corti became the first person to be successfully rescued from the Face from above, but his partner, Stefano Longhi, died on the Face before rescuers could reach him.

text:
# Claudio Corti (climber)

**Claudio Corti** (1928 – 3 February 2010) was a mountain climber from Olginate, Italy. He is most famous for his 1957 effort to climb the 1938 route on the North Face of the Eiger, during which his party was stranded and a massive rescue operation was organized. Corti became the first person to be successfully rescued from the Face from above, but his partner, Stefano Longhi, died on the Face before rescuers could reach him.

## 1957 Eiger attempt and rescue

In early August 1957, Corti, 29 years old, and Longhi, 44, both Italians from Lecco, began an attempt to climb the North Face of the Eiger by the standard Heckmair route. A German team consisting of Günther Nothdurft and Franz Mayer, starting after the Italians, caught up with Corti and Longhi on the Face and climbed alongside them for multiple days, even briefly joining them on a common rope. Despite generally suitable weather conditions, and though Nothdurft had previously set several speed records in the Alps, both parties climbed unusually slowly, spending at least five bivouacs together on the Face. According to Corti, the Germans had lost a rucksack containing critical equipment near the beginning of their climb but had nevertheless elected to continue, and Nothdurft later became weak with illness and had to be cared for by Mayer, which severely hampered both teams' progress.

The situation took a fatal turn when, on or near the "White Spider", about 400 metres (1,300 ft) below the summit, Longhi fell more than 30 metres (98 ft) down the Face, though he remained roped to Corti and ended up dangling off an overhang above a small ledge. Corti severely burned his hands trying to arrest the rope as it slid through them, and was also disoriented from having earlier been hit in the head by a falling stone. The other three climbers were unable to hoist Longhi back up the overhang, and he was forced to bivouac on the ledge. Corti, too, was no longer fit to climb, so the Germans reportedly left him all of their gear and then continued to the summit, from which they intended to descend to get help. Corti bivouacked for several more nights at his own stance near the top of the "Spider" while Longhi remained far below him. Nothdurft and Mayer apparently successfully summited, but then mysteriously disappeared.

Corti, who spent over a week on the Face, became the centre of a great deal of controversy. He could not produce a coherent story about what happened on the Face, and this, coupled with a sensationalistic press campaign and the opinions expressed by Heinrich Harrer in *The White Spider*, created an atmosphere of deep suspicion around him. He was vilified for what Harrer described as incompetence, lack of preparedness, and an unfriendly climbing ethic, and was even accused by others of deliberately pushing Nothdurft and Mayer off the Face and stealing their gear. However, he was completely cleared when the dead Germans' bodies were found in 1961 on the opposite side of the mountain, on the normal route of descent along the West Flank, apparently the victims of an avalanche.

The rescue operation itself is known as one of the greatest of all time. The operation crossed international boundaries and involved more than 50 people, all of whom were volunteers. The local Swiss guides received a lot of criticism for not responding, as it was their policy not to respond to parties trapped on the Face because they generally thought it foolish to climb the Face and that a rescue would risk the lives of the rescuers. The operation was also the first successful rescue on the Eiger from above, and one of the first uses of a steel-cable winch apparatus designed by Ludwig Gramminger. The winch was placed on the summit and German guide Alfred Hellepart was lowered on the cable to Corti's position, where Corti was then strapped to Hellepart's back and the pair was hoisted up. Though rescuers were able to communicate with Longhi, still stranded on the ledge, a break in the weather forced them to postpone his rescue until the next day, by which time he had died of exposure.

Jack Olsen investigated the rescue and interviewed Corti in the early 1960s, using his research as the basis for *The Climb up to Hell*.

In 2008, Italian writer Giorgio Spreafico released a book on the 1957 Eiger tragedy, *Il prigioniero dell'Eiger* (*The Eiger Prisoner*), which contains a long interview with Claudio Corti and a detailed historic reconstruction of the events.

## Other climbing

The Eiger controversy in some way overshadowed the rest of Corti's mountaineering career. Corti climbed extensively in the Alps, becoming the first person to open two new routes on Piz Badile, and making early repeats of important routes. While not reaching the summit, he had an important role on the successful 1973-74 expedition of the *Ragni di Lecco* to climb the west face of Cerro Torre, a climb considered by some the first true ascent of the Torre.

## Further reading

* Olsen, Jack (1998), *The Climb Up to Hell*, New York: St. Martin's Press.


title: Sri Kshetra Adichunchanagiri

abstract: Sri Kshetra Adichunchanagiri is a 2012 Indian Kannada-language devotional film directed by Om Sai Prakash starring Ambareesh, Sriimurali, Ramkumar, Shivakumar and Harish Raj.

text:
# Sri Kshetra Adichunchanagiri

***Sri Kshetra Adichunchanagiri*** is a 2012 Indian Kannada-language devotional film directed by Om Sai Prakash starring Ambareesh, Sriimurali, Ramkumar, Shivakumar and Harish Raj.

## Cast

## Production

Director Om Sai Prakash decided to make a devotional and mythological film and consulted Balagangadharanatha Swamiji before working on the film. Murali, whose career was at a low at the time, decided to accept the role of Balagangadharanatha Swamiji as Om Sai Prakash delivered several successful films. To prepare for the role of Balagangadharanatha Swamiji, Murali shaved his head. For months, he ate only vegetarian food, did not drink alcohol and called people as "my child". Forty political leaders play roles in the film. Sundarnath Suvarna of *Sri Manjunatha* (2001) fame was brought in as the cinematographer after Om Sai Prakash was impressed by his work. A procession for Balagangadharanatha Swamiji from Freedom Park to Palace Grounds was recorded and used for the film.

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Gurukiran. An audio release function was held on 29 January 2012 coinciding with the birthday of Sri Adhichunchanagiri Maha Samsthana Mutt.

All lyrics were composed by Doddarangegowda except where noted.

Track listing
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Singer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Anna Akshara Arogya" | Goturi | Chetan Sosca | 3:55 |
| 2. | "Banu Bhuvi Meerida" |  | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam | 4:45 |
| 3. | "Chinmaya Roopada" |  | Gurukiran, Anuradha Bhat | 2:22 |
| 4. | "Chunchanagiri Siri" |  | Gurukiran | 4:08 |
| 5. | "Nimagaagiye" |  | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam | 3:43 |
| 6. | "Shatha Shathamanada" |  | Gurukiran, Anuradha Bhat | 4:08 |
| 7. | "Shloka" |  | Gurukiran | 1:07 |
| Total length: | | | | 24:09 |

## Release and reception

The film was released on 6 July 2012, and it was screened in theatres until August of the same year.

A critic from *Prajavani* criticised the film's narration while praising the performance of the actors.

## InfoBox

| Sri Kshetra Adichunchanagiri | |
| --- | --- |
| Official poster | |
| Directed by | Om Sai Prakash |
| Written by | Gotoori (dialogues) |
| Screenplay by | Om Sai Prakash |
| Story by | Srigala Amruthavani<br>Adichunchanagiri Mata |
| Produced by | B V Narasimhayya |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Sundarnath Suvarna |
| Edited by | M S Raj |
| Music by | Gurukiran |
| Release date | * 6 July 2012 (2012-07-06) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Kannada |


title: Clausura 2018 Copa MX final

abstract: The Clausura 2018 Copa MX Final was the final of the Clausura 2018 Copa MX, the twelfth edition of the Copa MX under its current format and 79th overall organized by the Mexican Football Federation, the governing body of association football in Mexico. The final was contested in a single leg format between Liga MX clubs Necaxa and Toluca. The match was hosted by Necaxa at Estadio Victoria in Aguascalientes City, Aguascalientes on 11 April 2018. The winners earned a spot to face Monterrey in the 2018 Supercopa MX.

text:
# Clausura 2018 Copa MX final

The **Clausura 2018 Copa MX Final** was the final of the Clausura 2018 Copa MX, the twelfth edition of the Copa MX under its current format and 79th overall organized by the Mexican Football Federation, the governing body of association football in Mexico.

The final was contested in a single leg format between Liga MX clubs Necaxa and Toluca. The match was hosted by Necaxa at Estadio Victoria in Aguascalientes City, Aguascalientes on 11 April 2018. The winners earned a spot to face Monterrey (Apertura 2017 winners) in the 2018 Supercopa MX.

## Qualified teams

| Team | Previous finals appearances (bold indicates winners) |
| --- | --- |
| Necaxa | 4 (**1960**, **1966**, **1995**, Clausura 2016) |
| Toluca | 3 (**1956**, 1961, **1989**) |

## Venue

Due to the tournament's regulations, the higher seed among both finalists during the group stage will host the final, thus Estadio Victoria hosted the final. The venue has been home to Necaxa since the club relocated from Mexico City in the Apertura 2003 season. The venue has previously hosted various Ascenso MX finals, the most recent being the first leg of the 2015–16 promotional final where they defeated F.C. Juárez 1–0; the team would eventually be promoted to Liga MX after winning 3–0 on aggregate.

## Background

Necaxa has won the tournament three times while Toluca has won it twice. Before reaching the final, the last time Necaxa reached a final of any kind was the 2015–16 promotional final where they defeated F.C. Juárez 3–0 on aggregate, that same season the club also lost the Clausura 2016 Copa MX Final to Veracruz. Toluca last reached a final in 2014 where they lost the 2013–14 CONCACAF Champions League Final to Cruz Azul on away goals.

The clubs previously met in a final nearly 20 years earlier where a José Cardozo-led Toluca defeated an Alex Aguinaga-led Necaxa 6–4 on aggregate to capture the Mexican Primera División Verano 1998 championship.

Necaxa, won two, drew one and lost one during the group stage as they were seeded fifth. They eliminated Atlas in the Round of 16, UNAM in the quarterfinals, and Santos Laguna in the semifinals.

Toluca, won two, drew one and lost one during the group stage as they were seeded seventh. They eliminated Oaxaca in the Round of 16, Tapachula in the quarterfinals, and Zacatepec on penalty kicks in the semifinals.

## Road to the finals

*Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first.*

| Necaxa | | | | Round | Toluca | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Opponent | Result | | | Group stage | Opponent | Result | | |
| Zacatepec | 5–0 (H) | | | Matchday 1 | Zacatecas | 2–2 (H) | | |
| Murciélagos | 1–1 (A) | | | Matchday 2 | Santos Laguna | 1–2 (A) | | |
| Zacatepec | 0–2 (A) | | | Matchday 3 | Santos Laguna | 2–0 (H) | | |
| Murciélagos | 1–0 (H) | | | Matchday 4 | Zacatecas | 4–3 (A) | | |
| **Group 6 runners-up**    Pos Team Pld Pts  1 Zacatepec 4 9  2 Necaxa 4 7  3 Murciélagos 4 1   Source: Copa MX | | | | Final standings | **Group 4 winners**    Pos Team Pld Pts  1 Toluca 4 7  2 Santos Laguna 4 7  3 Zacatecas 4 2   Source: Copa MX | | | |
| Opponent | Result | | | Knockout stage | Opponent | | | Result |
| Atlas | 2–1 (H) | | | Round of 16 | Oaxaca | 2–0 (H) | | |
| UNAM | 2–1 (A) | | | Quarterfinals | Tapachula | 3–1 (A) | | |
| Santos Laguna | 2–1 (H) | | | Semifinals | Zacatepec | 1–1 (4–3 pen.) (A) | | |

## Final

| Necaxa | 1–0 | Toluca |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Estadio Victoria, AguascalientesAttendance: 19,223Referee: César Arturo Ramos

| GK **1**  Marcelo Barovero ()  DF **17**  Miguel Ponce  68'  90+3'  DF **31**  Ventura Alvarado  50'  DF **5**  Igor Lichnovsky  DF **2**  Brayan Beckeles  MF **24**  Fernando González  MF **18**  Felipe Gallegos  MF **13**  Roberto Alvarado  MF **10**  Dieter Villalpando   89'  FW **15**  Víctor Dávila   75'  FW **32**  Carlos González  **Substitutions:**  GK **25**  Yosgart Gutiérrez  DF **33**  Mario de Luna   89'  MF **7**  Daniel Álvarez  MF **8**  Xavier Báez   90+3'  MF **29**  Marcelo Allende  MF **34**  Gustavo Culma  FW **9**  Martín Barragán   75'  **Manager:**  Ignacio Ambríz |  | GK **1**  Alfredo Talavera  DF **26**  Cristian Borja  DF **5**  Osvaldo González  DF **3**  Santiago García  14'  DF **13**  Aldo Benítez   76'  MF **15**  Antonio Ríos   88'  MF **35**  Juan Delgadillo   58'  MF **14**  Rubens Sambueza ()  35'  90+4'  MF **24**  Pablo Barrientos  90+3'  FW **23**  Luis Quiñones  FW **25**  Alexis Canelo  **Substitutions:**  GK **22**  Luis Manuel García  DF **4**  Maximiliano Perg   76'  DF **33**  Carlos Calvo  MF **17**  Leonel López  MF **28**  Jorge Sartiaguin  FW **10**  Ángel Reyna   58'  FW **20**  Fernando Uribe   88'  **Manager:**  Hernán Cristante |
| --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

Clausura 2018 Copa MX Final
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Event | Clausura 2018 Copa MX |
|  | |
| Date | 11 April 2018 (2018-04-11) |
| Venue | Estadio Victoria, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes |
| Referee | César Ramos |
| Attendance | 19,223 |
|


# St Mary's Church, Haddington Road, Dublin

## History

The area was a newly developing suburb in the early 19th century. The Grand Canal was long established and Beggars Bush Barracks was built in 1827. Catholic emancipation was also a factor in the building of the church. The original architect is unknown, but the church is in the style of Gothic Revival.

Ground for the church was broken in 1835 and the church was blessed in 1839 by Archbishop Daniel Murray. At the time it had an earthen floor, no ceiling and no internal plastering. Internal plastering was completed in 1842, a passage was added on the east side of the church in 1844 and wooden flooring replaced the earthen one in 1848. In 1898 the frontage was erected - the architect was J. O'Callaghan and the builder was James Kiernan. The bell tower was erected shortly afterwards to a design by Walter Doolin and is known as the Lee Memorial Tower after the parish priest the Very Reverend James Canon Lee.

## InfoBox

| St Mary's Church | |
| --- | --- |
| St Mary's Church, Haddington Road | |
|  | |
|  | |
| 53°20′05″N 6°14′29″W / 53.33470°N 6.24140°W / 53.33470; -6.24140 | |
| Location | Dublin |
| Country | Ireland |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| Website | stmaryshaddingtonroad.ie |
| History | |
| Dedication | St Mary |
| Consecrated | 1839 |
| Architecture | |
| Groundbreaking | 1835 |
| Administration | |
| Archdiocese | Dublin |
| Deanery | South City Centre |
| Parish | St Mary's |


abstract: St. Mary's Higher Secondary School is a private Catholic primary and secondary school for boys located in Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India. The school was founded by the Jesuits in 1850.

text:
# St. Mary's Higher Secondary School, Dindigul

**St. Mary's Higher Secondary School** is a private Catholic primary and secondary school for boys located in Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India. The school was founded by the Jesuits in 1850.

## About the school

St. Mary's occupies a large area in the heart of Dindigul, five minutes from the bus stand. The Hostel is just opposite the school gate. The environment of the school includes green, spacious grounds and multiple sports fields. The school contains numerous houses: Main Building or Clock House (built in the British period), Jubilee Hall Block, Central Stage with staff rooms, offices, and library, and Fathers House. In 2010 an Engineering Class Block was added.

Besides sports, extracurriculars include drama, handwriting competition, poetry, music, NSS, NCC and NCC (Airwing), JRC, Scouting, and National Green Secretaries for Students.

### Branches

Admission to 6th and 9th Standard is by Entrance Exam.

St. Mary's Higher Secondary School provides four branches for class XI & XII: Computer Science, Biology (with maths and physics), Accounting & Commerce, and Vocational Group (EMR, Textile, EDA, Sports).

Generally all students of St. Mary's School pass the X (SSLC) exam. What branch they continue in depends on their marks in this exam. Classes XI and XII have room for additional students but the earlier classes are filled mainly by Christians and by the poor, since it was for them that the school was founded.

## InfoBox

| St. Mary's Higher Secondary School, Dindigul | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, 624 001<br>India | |
| Coordinates | 10°21′46″N 77°58′26″E / 10.36278°N 77.97389°E / 10.36278; 77.97389 |
| Information | |
| Type | Private primary and secondary school |
| Motto | To Know the Truth |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Catholicism |
| Denomination | Jesuits |
| Established | 1850 (1850) |
| Founder | Jesuits |
| Grades | K-12 |
| Gender | Boys |
| Enrollment | 8,000+ |
| Language |  |
| Website | www.maduraijesuits.org |


title: Clayton Twitchell

abstract: Thomas Clayton Twitchell (1864–1947) was an English Anglican bishop in the 20th century. He was educated at King's College London and ordained in 1889. His first posts were curacies at St George's, Barrow-in-Furness and St Peter's, Cranley Gardens. From 1903 to 1908 he was Vicar of All Hallows East India Docks when he was appointed Bishop of Polynesia a post he held for 13 years. He was consecrated a bishop on Ascension Day 1908 (28 May), by Randall Davidson, Archbishop of Canterbury, at Southwark Cathedral. On his return to England he was Rector of St Margaret, Buxted and then of St Peter's Selsey. A Fellow of King's College, London he died on 9 October 1947.

text:
# Clayton Twitchell

**Thomas Clayton Twitchell** (1864–1947) was an English Anglican bishop in the 20th century. He was educated at King's College London and ordained in 1889. His first posts were curacies at St George's, Barrow-in-Furness and St Peter's, Cranley Gardens. From 1903 to 1908 he was Vicar of All Hallows East India Docks when he was appointed Bishop of Polynesia a post he held for 13 years. He was consecrated a bishop on Ascension Day 1908 (28 May), by Randall Davidson, Archbishop of Canterbury, at Southwark Cathedral. On his return to England he was Rector of St Margaret, Buxted and then of St Peter's Selsey. A Fellow of King's College, London he died on 9 October 1947.


title: Clayton Van Lydegraf

abstract: Clayton Van Lydegraf was a writer and activist of significant influence on the New Left in the 1960s. He served as Secretary of the Communist Party in Washington State in the late 1940s. Van Lydegraf served as a leader of the Progressive Labor Party in Washington state in the 1960s before being expelled in the Spring of 1967. During this time, and expanding on his Old Left background, Van Lydegraf was involved with young Seattle activists by 1966. His articles "The Movement and the Workers" and "The Object is to Win" were particularly influential. This latter is a noteworthy piece in the development of the ideas of the Weather Underground. Over the years, he was active in a number of groups and causes including the Communist Party, the Progressive Labor Party, the Peace and Freedom Party, Draft Resistance- Seattle, Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), American Friends Service Committee, Anti-Fascist Front, Seattle Committee to End the War in Vietnam, and trade unions. He was also an advocate of working class power, Marxism, revolutionary organization, and the Black Panthers. He took part in the preparations for the jailbreak of Timothy Leary while in the Weatherman organization but was privately critical of the action.

text:
# Clayton Van Lydegraf

**Clayton Van Lydegraf** (May 6, 1915 – March 30, 1992) was a writer and activist of significant influence on the New Left in the 1960s. He served as Secretary of the Communist Party in Washington State in the late 1940s.

Van Lydegraf served as a leader of the Progressive Labor Party (United States) in Washington state in the 1960s before being expelled in the Spring of 1967. During this time, and expanding on his Old Left background, Van Lydegraf was involved with young Seattle activists by 1966. His articles "The Movement and the Workers" and "The Object is to Win" were particularly influential. This latter is a noteworthy piece in the development of the ideas of the Weather Underground.

Over the years, he was active in a number of groups and causes including the Communist Party, the Progressive Labor Party, the Peace and Freedom Party, Draft Resistance- Seattle, Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), American Friends Service Committee, Anti-Fascist Front, Seattle Committee to End the War in Vietnam, and trade unions. He was also an advocate of working class power, Marxism, revolutionary organization, and the Black Panthers. He took part in the preparations for the jailbreak of Timothy Leary while in the Weatherman organization but was privately critical of the action.

Papers from Van Lydegraf dated 1944–1991 are housed at the University of Washington Special Collections Library.

The papers include


abstract: St. Vincent's Medical Center is a 473-bed tertiary care Catholic hospital in Bridgeport, Connecticut, United States. It caters to a large population in Southern Connecticut and provides comprehensive and advanced medical services. The hospital is now controlled by Hartford HealthCare, who acquired it from Ascension in 2019.

text:
# St. Vincent's Medical Center (Bridgeport)

**St. Vincent's Medical Center** is a 473-bed tertiary care Catholic hospital in Bridgeport, Connecticut, United States. It caters to a large population in Southern Connecticut and provides comprehensive and advanced medical services. The hospital is now controlled by Hartford HealthCare, who acquired it from Ascension in 2019.

## Size and services

The hospital has a medical staff of 450 physicians and has a total of more than 1,800 employees.

St. Vincent's has an angioplasty program, a bariatric surgery center, and cancer and orthopedic services.

The hospital also has a Family Birthing Center with private rooms for labor, delivery and recovery, a private bathroom and sleeping accommodations for the father, and an entertainment center.

Psychiatric services include an on-site psychiatric unit for acute care and the Hall-Brooke Behavioral Health Services (formerly the independent Hall-Brooke Hospital) an inpatient and outpatient behavioral health facility in Westport, Connecticut.

St. Vincent's is affiliated with Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University. In 2016 St. Vincent's announced a deal with the Veterans Choice Program to provide health care to veterans.

## St. Vincent's College

St. Vincent's Medical Center ran St. Vincent's College, which offered associate degrees in General Studies, Medical Assisting, Nursing, and Radiography. St. Vincent's College also offered a Bachelor of Science degree in Radiologic Sciences and a RN to BSN program. Pharmacy Technician and an RN Refresher.

In 2017, the college was acquired by neighboring Sacred Heart University of Fairfield. It became known as St Vincent's College at Sacred Heart University. In 2024, the college closed and its programs were merged with the college of nursing at Sacred Heart University.

## History

The hospital was founded by the Daughters of Charity religious order and incorporated on May 19, 1903. Its first building had 75 beds and was built at a cost of $250,000. It opened its doors on June 28, 1905; more than 70 patients were treated by the end of that first day. In the 1930s, Sister Mary Flavia Egan, a Daughter of Charity who is possibly the first student to have received a bachelor of science degree in nursing at Georgetown University in 1925, was the principal of its school.

On Easter Sunday, April 17, 1976, a new hospital building opened just behind the original one. That day, William J. Riordan, then president and chief executive officer of the hospital, directed the transfer of 209 patients to the new structure, a 440,000-square-foot (41,000 m2) building nearly twice the size of the old one.

When the move was made to the new building, the hospital's name was changed from St. Vincent's Hospital to St. Vincent's Medical Center.

41°12′07″N 73°12′10″W / 41.202°N 73.2028°W / 41.202; -73.2028

## InfoBox

| St. Vincent's Medical Center (Bridgeport) | |
| --- | --- |
| Hartford HealthCare
 | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Bridgeport, Connecticut, United States |
| Organization | |
| Care system | Private |
| Type | Teaching |
| Affiliated university | Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University
New York Medical College & Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons |
| Services | |
| Emergency department | Level II trauma center |
| Beds | 473 |
| Specialty | Tertiary Care Hospital |
| Helipads | |
| Helipad | FAA LID: **CT12** |
| Number Length Surface  ft m  H1 40 12 Steel, concrete | |
| History | |
| Opened | 1903 |
| Links | |
| Website | http://www.stvincents.org/ |
| Lists | Hospitals in Connecticut |


title: Clavibacter insidiosus

abstract: Clavibacter insidiosus is a species of Clavibacter. It causes bacterial wilt, with its most notable host being Medicago sativa (alfalfa). Other species in the Medicago genus are also known to be hosts such as Medicago falcata. Additionally, Lotus corniculatus, Melilotus alba, Onobrychis viciifolia, and Trifolium sp. are known hosts.

text:
# Clavibacter insidiosus

***Clavibacter insidiosus*** is a species of *Clavibacter*. It causes bacterial wilt, with its most notable host being *Medicago sativa* (alfalfa). Other species in the *Medicago* genus are also known to be hosts such as *Medicago falcata*. Additionally, *Lotus corniculatus, Melilotus alba, Onobrychis viciifolia*, and *Trifolium* sp. are known hosts.

## Pathology

Plants like alfalfa are often mowed, and this causes cut stems. The cut stems increase disease susceptibility be providing wounds for the bacteria to enter. *C. insidiosus* causes a systemic disease: the leaflets curl up, an indicative symptom of this disease. Occasionally, it causes necrosis of the leaflets. Yellowing of the plant and yellow-brown roots often occurs. This disease is either fatal or causes severe damage to the host with the bacteria leading to stunted growth. *C. insidiosus* needs to be cultured from the infected plant tissues and PCR-tests must be run to confirm a diagnosis.

*Clavibacter insidiosus* is typically dispersed by the moving of hay between different agricultural sites. Farm equipment that is not properly sanitized can also spread the pathogen. Water is known to move the bacterium; if an area in not irrigated and there is low rainfall, the disease will usually not be present. Plant wounds, specifically on the stem or roots, increase disease susceptibility (because there is now wound for the bacteria to enter) and are often made by mowing, nematodes, or insects. Stem nematodes often act as a vector. They can carry the bacteria on their surface. If the plant is infected by root-knot nematodes, bacterial wilt is more likely and typically more severe. Infested soil can additionally cause disease. A small number of diseased plants (about 6.3-7.7%) can transmit the bacterium to their seeds.

## InfoBox

| *Clavibacter insidiosus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Actinomycetota |
| Class: | Actinomycetia |
| Order: | Micrococcales |
| Family: | Microbacteriaceae |
| Genus: | *Clavibacter* |
| Species: | ***C. insidiosus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Clavibacter insidiosus***<br>(McCulloch 1925) Li et al. 2018 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * "*Aplanobacter insidiosum*" McCulloch 1925 * *Clavibacter michiganensis* subsp. *insidiosum* (McCulloch 1925) Davis et al. 1984 * *Clavibacter michiganense* subsp. *insidiosum* (McCulloch 1925) Davis et al. 1984 * *Clavibacter michiganensis* subsp. *insidiosus* corrig. (McCulloch 1925) Davis et al. 1984 * *Corynebacterium insidiosum* (McCulloch 1925) Jensen 1934 (Approved Lists 1980) * *Corynebacterium michiganense* subsp. *insidiosum* (McCulloch 1925) Carlson and Vidaver 1982 | |


title: Cleora

abstract: Cleora is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae. The genus was erected by John Curtis in 1825.

text:
# Cleora

***Cleora*** is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae. The genus was erected by John Curtis in 1825.

## Species

* Savela, Markku. "*Cleora* Curtis, 1825". *Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms*. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
* Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul. "Search results Family: Geometridae". *Butterflies and Moths of the World*. Natural History Museum, London.

## InfoBox

| *Cleora* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Subfamily: | Ennominae |
| Tribe: | Boarmiini |
| Genus: | *Cleora*<br>Curtis, 1825 |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Aegitrichus* Butler, 1886 * *Carecomotis* Warren, 1896 * *Cerotricha* Guenée, 1857 * *Chogada* Moore, 1887 * *Meyrickia* Butler, 1884 * *Neocleora* Janse, 1932 | |


title: Cleopus

abstract: Cleopus is a genus of true weevils in the subfamily Curculioninae.

text:
# Cleopus

***Cleopus*** is a genus of true weevils in the subfamily Curculioninae.

## InfoBox

| *Cleopus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Cleopus pulchellus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Curculionidae |
| Subfamily: | Curculioninae |
| Tribe: | Cionini |
| Genus: | *Cleopus*<br>Dejean, 1821 |
|
| Species | |
| Several, including: | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Calydonus* (Dejean, 1821) * *Platylaemus* (Weise, 1883) * *Platysma* (Dejean, 1821) * *Timagora* (Dejean, 1821) | |


abstract: St. Thomas the Apostle Church is a Catholic parish in Glen Mills, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. Its historic church, located at 430 Valleybrook Road, was built in 1856. It was the first parish in the Archdiocese of Philadelphia and the oldest in the state of Pennsylvania.

text:
# St. Thomas the Apostle Church (Glen Mills)

**St. Thomas the Apostle Church** is a Catholic parish in Glen Mills, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. Its historic church, located at 430 Valleybrook Road, was built in 1856.

It was the first parish in the Archdiocese of Philadelphia and the oldest in the state of Pennsylvania.

## History

St. Thomas the Apostle Church began as a Catholic mission in Delaware County, Pennsylvania in 1730 in Concord Township at the home of the Thomas Willcox family. In 1837, Saint Mary's Chapel was built as part of the new Willcox mansion. The mansion was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 as part of the Ivy Mills Historic District.

A tract of land was purchased from Nicholas F. Walter for the construction of a church on August 26, 1852. The cost of the new church was carried chiefly by the proprietor of Ivy Mills, James M. Willcox. Construction was completed in 1856 and the cornerstone was dedicated by Bishop St.John Neumann. In 1957, an elementary school and convent were built. In 1991, a larger church was built next to the original St. Thomas' Church.

## Notable burials

39°53′25″N 75°28′27″W / 39.89028°N 75.47417°W / 39.89028; -75.47417


title: St Mary's Church, Stoke d'Abernon

abstract: The Church of St Mary is an Anglican church in the village of Stoke d'Abernon, Surrey, in the Diocese of Guildford. The church, the oldest parts of which date from the 7th century, is a Grade I listed building.

text:
# St Mary's Church, Stoke d'Abernon

The **Church of St Mary** is an Anglican church in the village of Stoke d'Abernon, Surrey, in the Diocese of Guildford. The church, the oldest parts of which date from the 7th century, is a Grade I listed building.

## Description

### History

The original church was built in the 7th century; substantial parts of the south wall date from this time. In building the Saxon church, some bricks, tiles and worked stones from Roman buildings were re-used. It was one of the churches in this area built soon after the introduction of Christianity by Saint Augustine, the first Archbishop of Canterbury.

The church was an *ecclesia propria*, being built on private grounds by a feudal lord. There is a high-level door, now blocked, in the south wall of the nave, leading to the thegn's gallery, where, until the 13th century when the square chancel was built, the lord of the manor had his own chapel.

The north aisle of the nave dates from about 1190. Stonework of the entrance in the south wall, blocked in 1866, can be seen; it was probably a modification of the original Saxon doorway.

The pulpit was given by Sir Francis Vincent in 1620, when he became a baronet. His arms and family motto are on the sounding board, which has elaborate wrought-iron supports. The pulpit is heptagonal and made of walnut; it stands on a central column, and is supported by seven part-animal, part-human caryatids.

The church chest, below the pulpit, is of oak and dates from late 12th or early 13th century. The organ, at the west end of the nave, was made for the church by Frobenius of Denmark in 1975.

### Chancel

The chancel, which replaced a rounded Saxon apse, dates from about 1240. It has a quadripartite vault.

In front of the altar rail are brasses of Sir John d'Abernon (died 1277) and of his son Sir John d'Abernon (died 1327). The monumental brass of Sir John the Elder is one of the finest in existence. It shows him as a knight in armour; he carries a lance as well as a sword, which is thought to be unique, and there is original blue enamel in the shield.

The chancel arch, replacing the narrower Saxon arch, dates from the 1866 restoration of the church by Ford and Hesketh.

### Norbury Chapel

The Norbury chapel, to the north of the chancel, was built about 1490 by Sir John Norbury (died 1521), to commemorate the victory at the Battle of Bosworth. His memorial, showing a kneeling knight, is in the east wall of the chapel. There is a monument to Sir Thomas Vincent (died 1613) and Lady Jane Vincent (died 1619) by the north wall, and by the east wall is a monument to Lady Sarah Vincent (died 1608), their daughter-in-law; these have life-size painted effigies.

In the east wall are the ashes of Edgar Vincent, 1st Viscount D'Abernon (1857–1941).

## InfoBox

| St Mary's Church, Stoke d'Abernon | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 51°18′50″N 0°22′52″W / 51.31389°N 0.38111°W / 51.31389; -0.38111 | |
| OS grid reference | TQ 129 584 |
| Location | Stoke d'Abernon |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Denomination | Church of England |
| Website | St Mary's, Stoke d'Abernon |
| History | |
| Dedication | Mary the Virgin |
| Architecture | |
| Heritage designation | Grade I |
| Designated | 14 August 1953 |
| Administration | |
| Diocese | Diocese of Guildford |


title: St Mary's Church, Sunderland

abstract: St Mary's Church is a Roman Catholic parish church in the city centre of Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, situated on the corner of Bridge Street and St Mary's Way. It is a Grade II listed building, designed by Ignatius Bonomi. Built from 1830 to 1835, and is the earliest Gothic revival church surviving in Sunderland.

text:
# St Mary's Church, Sunderland

**St Mary's Church** is a Roman Catholic parish church in the city centre of Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, situated on the corner of Bridge Street and St Mary's Way. It is a Grade II listed building, designed by Ignatius Bonomi. Built from 1830 to 1835, and is the earliest Gothic revival church surviving in Sunderland.

## History

### Construction

In 1830, Ignatius Bonomi submitted designs for the church to have a capacity of 1200 people. On 15 September 1835, the church was opened by the Apostolic Vicar of the Northern District, John Briggs.

By 1851, the population of Sunderland had grown and it was estimated that there were at least 4000 Catholics living in the city. In 1852, two side chapels were added to the church to accommodate the growing congregation. Bonomi had allowed for such an expansion in his initial designs.

In 1937, an organ was added to the church. It was acquired from the Rex Theatre in South Shields and refurbished in 1992.

### World War II

In March and May 1943, the church was damaged by air raids. The main roof was damaged and had to be rebuilt. Also, the majority of the church's stained glass was destroyed. In 1946 and 1947, the stained glass was replaced. The new glass cost £1000 and was bought from a firm one called Jansen & Co. from the Netherlands. Jansens & Co. also redecorated the altars and the stations of the cross. On 24 September 1947, after the repairs were complete and the church was consecrated by the Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle, Joseph McCormack.

### Reordering

In 1982 the church was reordered as part of the liturgical changes of the Second Vatican Council. The pulpit and altar rails were removed and a new altar was bought and brought forward. The altar in the Lady Chapel was removed, leaving the reredos of the Annunciation in place. The stations of the cross were temporarily moved to the back of the church and many statues removed. The church redecorated and a new heating system was installed. A narthex was also made. The total cost of these works came to roughly £130,000. On 16 April 1982, the new altar was consecrated by Bishop Owen Swindlehurst. From 2002 to 2003, the church was again repaired and redecorated.

## Parish

The church has two Masses every Sunday: 10:30am and 5:00pm.

## InfoBox

| St Mary's Church | |
| --- | --- |
| Church entrance | |
|  | |
| 54°54′30″N 1°22′58″W / 54.9082°N 1.3827°W / 54.9082; -1.3827 | |
| OS grid reference | NZ3967857227 |
| Location | Sunderland |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| Website | Parish website |
| History | |
| Status | Active |
| Dedication | Blessed Virgin Mary |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Parish church |
| Heritage designation | Grade II listed |
| Designated | 8 May 1950 |
| Architect(s) | Ignatius Bonomi |
| Style | Gothic Revival |
| Groundbreaking | 1830 |
| Completed | 15 September 1835 |
| Administration | |
| Province | Liverpool |
| Diocese | Hexham and Newcastle |
| Deanery | St Bede, Sunderland |