title: St Mary's Church, Summerstown

abstract: St Mary's Church, Summerstown, is the parish church of Summerstown, South London. It is also a Grade II listed building, having been designed by Godfrey Pinkerton and constructed in 1903–4.

text:
# St Mary's Church, Summerstown

**St Mary's Church, Summerstown**, is the parish church of Summerstown, South London. It is also a Grade II listed building, having been designed by Godfrey Pinkerton and constructed in 1903–4.

## History

| St. Mary, Summerstown Act 1968 | |
| --- | --- |
| Act of Parliament | |
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | |

The parish was constituted in 1845 and there has been a church in this area for a number of years. In 1894, the old chapel, built in 1836 by William Moseley and extended in 1861 and 1870, was demolished for structural reasons, and was replaced by a temporary iron structure until a new parish church could be completed nearby. This iron structure served as a church hall from c.1925 until 1968, when it was sold by act of Parliament (St. Mary, Summerstown Act 1968).

The Incorporated Society for Promoting the Enlargement, Building and repairing of Churches and Chapels gave £250 towards the rebuilding. The foundation stone was laid by Princess Helena, daughter of Queen Victoria on 4 April 1903 who was accompanied by an escort of the Surrey Imperial Yeomanry, and greeted at the site by a detachment of the 4th Surrey Volunteers. The Mayor of the Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth, Mr Henry Kimber MP and the vicar, Revd. John Robinson were in attendance.

The church was consecrated by the Suffragan Bishop of Southwark, Huyshe Yeatman-Biggs, on Saturday 30 April 1904.

It has been little altered over the years, with an addition of a new church hall around 1968, a (recently restored) lynch gate around 1930, and Summerstown's war memorial after the Great War.

## Organ

The church contains a pipe organ by Henry Bevington. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.

## Present Day

The church is open for public services every Sunday at 10:30am, and has a range of mid-week groups, including for children, students and young adults.

## InfoBox

| St Mary’s Church, Summerstown | |
| --- | --- |
| St Mary’s Church, Summerstown | |
| St Mary’s Church, SummerstownLocation within London | |
| 51°25′56″N 0°10′59″W / 51.43222°N 0.18306°W / 51.43222; -0.18306 | |
| Location | Summerstown, London |
| Country | England |
| Denomination | Church of England |
| History | |
| Consecrated | 30 April 1904 |
| Architecture | |
| Heritage designation | Grade II listed |
| Architect(s) | Godfrey Pinkerton |
| Groundbreaking | 4 April 1903 |
| Construction cost | £10,846 (equivalent to £1,476,100 in 2023) |
| Specifications | |
| Capacity | 800 persons |
| Administration | |
| Diocese | Southwark |
| Archdeaconry | Wandsworth |
| Deanery | Tooting |
| Parish | St, Mary, Summer Town |


title: Cleora Butler

abstract: Cleora Butler (1901–1985) was a chef, caterer and cookbook writer based in Tulsa, Oklahoma. She is the author of the 1985 book Cleora's Kitchens: The Memoir of a Cook and Eight Decades of Great American Food, a memoir about her life as a house cook in Tulsa. Gourmet magazine named Cleora's Kitchens the best cookbook of the year.

text:
# Cleora Butler

**Cleora Butler** (1901–1985) was a chef, caterer and cookbook writer based in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

She is the author of the 1985 book *Cleora's Kitchens: The Memoir of a Cook and Eight Decades of Great American Food*, a memoir about her life as a house cook in Tulsa.

*Gourmet* magazine named *Cleora's Kitchens* the best cookbook of the year.

## Beginnings

In 1985, Cleora Butler published a memoir and cookbook entitled *Cleora’s Kitchens: The Memoir of a Cook & Eight Decades of Great American Food.* In her memoir, she describes her childhood experiences of visiting her grandparents during the summer to pick fresh fruits that her grandmother would turn into jams, jellies, and wines that she would enjoy tasting during the holidays. She also reflects on times when her grandfather would give her and her brothers sugar cane that he had grown to make molasses. At the age of ten, when left at home by herself, the mischievous Cleora prepared biscuits from a recipe pamphlet she had found. This was her first time attempting to cook. To her recollection, the biscuits were very tasty. It's memories like these that molded Cleora Butler's cooking career.

## InfoBox

| Cleora Butler | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 27 August 1901 |
| Died | November 1985  (aged 83–84) |


title: Ciężków

abstract: Ciężków is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Aleksandrów Łódzki, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) west of Aleksandrów Łódzki, 15 km (9 mi) west of Zgierz, and 20 km (12 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź. In 2005 the village had a population of 120.

text:
# Ciężków

**Ciężków** \[ˈt͡ɕɛ̃ʂkuf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Aleksandrów Łódzki, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) west of Aleksandrów Łódzki, 15 km (9 mi) west of Zgierz, and 20 km (12 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

In 2005 the village had a population of 120.

## InfoBox

| Ciężków | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Ciężków | |
| Coordinates: 51°50′1″N 19°12′4″E / 51.83361°N 19.20111°E / 51.83361; 19.20111 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Zgierz |
| Gmina | Aleksandrów Łódzki |
| Population | 120 |


title: Claytonia saxosa

abstract: Claytonia saxosa, known by the common name Brandegee's springbeauty, is a species of wildflower in the family Montiaceae.

text:
# Claytonia saxosa

***Claytonia saxosa***, known by the common name **Brandegee's springbeauty**, is a species of wildflower in the family Montiaceae.

## Distribution

The wildflower is endemic to northern California and southern Oregon. In northern California it is located on serpentine soils. In Oregon it is located in three places on basalt soils in the Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument in southern Oregon. It is found on rocky open slopes at mid to high elevations.

## Description

*Claytonia saxosa* is a small, compact annual herb forming clumps a few centimeters wide in rock crevices. Serpentinite is the favored geologic substrate of this species. The leaves are small, with fleshy spatulate blades. The basal leaves and flowering stems are pink or red in color, packed densely together about the short stem that surmounts a minute, tuberous caudex. The chromosome number of the species is 2n = 16.

Two to ten flowers emerge from the clump, each with five light pink petals under a centimeter long. The bloom period is March to May.

1. "NatureServe Explorer 2.0".
2. Miller, J. M. and K. L. Chambers. 2006. Systematics of Claytonia (Portulacaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs 78: 1-236. ISBN 0-912861-78-9

## InfoBox

| *Claytonia saxosa* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Imperiled  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Montiaceae |
| Genus: | *Claytonia* |
| Species: | ***C. saxosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Claytonia saxosa***
Brandegee | |
|


title: St Monica's Church, Palmers Green

abstract: St Monica's Catholic Church is a parish of the Roman Catholic Church in the Palmers Green area of north London. The parish church is situated at the junction of Stonard Road and Green Lanes in the London Borough of Enfield. It is one of only two parishes in the Diocese of Westminster to be dedicated to Saint Monica, the other being that of St Monica's Priory, Hoxton. Originally founded as a mission church, it then became established as a parish, with a presbytery built alongside in 1931. As of 2021, the church has two priests, a parish sister and a lay youthworker. The church activities include community programmes and social action alongside worship and pastoral care.

text:
# St Monica's Church, Palmers Green

**St Monica's Catholic Church** is a parish of the Roman Catholic Church in the Palmers Green area of north London. The parish church is situated at the junction of Stonard Road and Green Lanes in the London Borough of Enfield.

It is one of only two parishes in the Diocese of Westminster to be dedicated to Saint Monica, the other being that of St Monica's Priory, Hoxton.

Originally founded as a mission church, it then became established as a parish, with a presbytery built alongside in 1931.

As of 2021, the church has two priests, a parish sister and a lay youthworker. The church activities include community programmes and social action alongside worship and pastoral care.

## History

The parish church was founded as a mission church in 1910. Father Thomas Heditch was appointed rector of the new parish in 1910, but fell ill in the spring of 1912. He went on a pilgrimage to Lourdes, but did not return. Then Father Patrick Gallagher was appointed rector on 27 June 1912.

Father Gallagher (whose Grandnephew was Dr Joseph Cassidy the former Archbishop of Tuam) originally came from the parish of Midfield, County Mayo in Ireland. He was a late recruit to the priesthood, having previously been a builder based in the Northeast of England (He had this business along with his brother John, Cassidy's grandfather; John would go on to own the Railway Hotel, now Douglas Kelly's Solicitors, in Swinford, Co. Mayo after they disbanded their building company). After a family tragedy he joined the priesthood, and became the main driving force in the building of St. Monica's Church. Using his considerable resources and connections within the building industry, Fr Gallagher managed to build the church within two years of his arrival.

The church's official opening was on Monday 4 May 1914 by Francis Cardinal Bourne in front of nearly 600 lay people and 40 clergy. The church, together with the presbytery, was built for £6,600 including the cost of the site.

Then in 1954 Fr Gallagher built St. Monica's Primary School on land in nearby Cannon Hill in Southgate. This was to be his last and dearest ambition achieved, for three years later on 11 December 1957, Fr Gallagher finally passed from this world with his work complete. He is buried with his family in Stanley, County Durham in the northeast of England.

The church started an amateur dramatic society, Saint Monica's Players (SMP), in 1958 that continues to perform musicals across Enfield today.

From 1935 to 1987, the parish hall was used for a repertory theatre, the Intimate Theatre.

## The Interior

In 1920, Father Gallagher attended the Passion Play at Oberammergau in Bavaria, Germany. He was impressed by the wood carving industry there. He promptly ordered the Sacred Heart altar and a Lady altar (which has since been removed), the statues of St Monica and St Joseph, two confessional boxes and a handsome pulpit with an effective sounding board (also removed).

### The Sacred Heart Chapel

Situated in the traditional south west corner of the church, the Sacred Heart Chapel was an anonymous gift from an early parishioner. The walls are lined with stone mosaic in various patterns and rich colours in the Byzantine style. Two angels bear parts of one of Jesus' revelations to Sister Margret Mary in the 1670s: 'Behold this Heart' on the left and 'Which has so loved men' on the right. The Sacred Heart statue is in the centre of the wooden altar, surrounded by intricate carving. The painted panels on each side of the statue depict on the left, St Peter receiving the keys of the Church from Jesus, while on the right, Jesus showing his Sacred Heart to Sister Margret Mary, in the chapel where she lived and worked. The stained glass window, by Franz Mayer & Co of Munich, portrays Jesus surrounded by children and has the superscription: 'Suffer little children to come unto me' (Mark 10:14). A line below the images invites people to 'Pray for the Donors'.

### Statues

The statue of St Monica, with St Augustine as a baby in a boat at her feet, stands in front of the modern Reconciliation Room. This was built in the Baptistery, which itself was added to the church in 1964. The statue of St Joseph, holding a lily, the symbol of the Christian virtue of chastity, is adjacent to the Sacred Heart Chapel. The Statue of St Mary is in a niche on the north wall and has a popular candle stand and the Book of Remembrance below.

### The Stations of the Cross

Originally framed, the fourteen Stations of the Cross, carved in oak, were commissioned by Father Gallagher. We have been unable to find where they came from and when. The frames are long gone now and set against the plain walls of the Church, the individual images tell the story of Christ's crucifixion in a simple and dignified way.

### The Organ

The organ, used for the first time at Christmas in 1924, was described by The Tablet as 'An instrument of great power and beautiful tone'. There was a service to bless it in early January 1925. Cardinal Francis Bourne was due to attend but was indisposed. St Monica's was the second home for the organ, but no-one knows where it was previously. It was refurbished in spring 2014. It is positioned in the organ loft, which sits above the church porch.

### The Crucifix

The large wooden crucifix with an expressive, carved Christ (origin unknown) has been hung in various places around the Church down the years. Currently in hangs along the south wall and every year on Remembrance Sunday, the congregation turns to face it for a brief service of Remembrance and two minutes' silence.

### Sanctuary Window

The sanctuary window above the altar was originally plain glass. For some years it had a curtain across it and the large wooden cross hung there. In 1984, an anonymous donor provided the new window. It was painted by the Maltese artist Carmel Cauchi (born 1927) who said 'It shows Christ in the glory of His resurrection. Jesus is the light'.

### Lighting

New lights were installed in 2010, in time for the celebration of the centenary of the founding of the parish. Designed by Bruce Kirk of Light Perceptions, they were built in Lancashire. Their design reflects that of the original lights from 1914.

## Parish Priests

* 1910 - Father Thomas Heditch
* 1912 - Father Patrick Gallagher
* 1957 - Canon Reginald Crook
* 1964 - Father Raymund Geraerts
* 1979 - Father Robin Whitney
* 1994 - Father Brian Creak
* 2004 - Canon Roger Taylor
* 2008 - Canon Shaun Lennard
* 2017 - Canon Mehall Lowry

## Curates

* 1916 - Father Wilfred Harrington
* 1918 - Father John Sheeran
* 1921 - Father William Gordon
* 1936 - Father Patrick Murphy
* 1949 - Father Henry Dodd
* 1950 - Father Edward Short
* 1951 - Father Peter Boshell
* 1958 - Father Adrian Peeler
* 1963 - Father Hilary Crewe
* 1967 - Father Keith Abram
* 1972 - Father Samuel Steer
* 1979 - Father Frans Azzopardi
* 1986 - Father Patrick Miscampbell OSB
* 1990 - Father Stephen Weaver
* 1995 - Father Dennis Touw
* 2002 - Father Joe Mazarello
* 2004 - Father Shaun Church
* 2007 - Father Philip Dyer-Perry
* 2011 - Father Andrew Gallagher
* 2014 - Father Paulo Bagini
* 2017 - Father John Warnarby
* 2019 - Father Stewart Hasker
* 2022 - Father Paul Zhao SVD
* 2023 - Father David Knight

## InfoBox

| St Monica's Catholic Church | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| St Monica's Catholic Church | |
| 51°37′27″N 0°6′9″W / 51.62417°N 0.10250°W / 51.62417; -0.10250 | |
| Location | Stonard Road, London N13 4DJ |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| Website | www.stmonica.co.uk |
| History | |
| Status | Parish church |
| Consecrated | 4 May 1914 |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Active |
| Years built | 1913–1914 |
| Administration | |
| Province | Westminster |
| Archdiocese | Westminster |
| Deanery | Enfield |
| Parish | Palmers Green |
| Clergy | |
| Priest(s) | Canon Mehall Lowry |


title: Clethraceae

abstract: The Clethraceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, composed of two genera, Clethra and Purdiaea, with approximately 75 species. They are native to warm temperate to tropical regions of Asia and the Americas, with one species also on Madeira. In the past, most botanists included only Clethra in the family, but recent research has shown Purdiaea, previously placed in the closely related family Cyrillaceae, is more closely allied to Clethra.

text:
# Clethraceae

The **Clethraceae** are a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, composed of two genera, *Clethra* and *Purdiaea*, with approximately 75 species. They are native to warm temperate to tropical regions of Asia and the Americas, with one species also on Madeira.

In the past, most botanists included only *Clethra* in the family, but recent research has shown *Purdiaea*, previously placed in the closely related family Cyrillaceae, is more closely allied to *Clethra*.

## InfoBox

| Clethraceae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Clethra arborea* flowers | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Clethraceae<br>Klotzsch |
|
| Genera | |
|  | |


title: Clethra pachyphylla

abstract: Clethra pachyphylla is a tree in the family Clethraceae. The specific epithet pachyphylla is from the Greek meaning 'thick leaves'.

text:
# Clethra pachyphylla

***Clethra pachyphylla*** is a tree in the family Clethraceae. The specific epithet **pachyphylla** is from the Greek meaning 'thick leaves'.

## Description

*Clethra pachyphylla* grows up to 10 metres (30 ft) tall. The fissured bark is pale grey. The scented flowers are white. The roundish fruits measure up to 0.3 cm (0.1 in) in diameter.

## Distribution and habitat

*Clethra pachyphylla* is endemic to Malaysian Borneo. Its habitat is hill and montane forests from 800 metres (2,600 ft) to 2,500 metres (8,000 ft) altitude.

## InfoBox

| *Clethra pachyphylla* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Clethraceae |
| Genus: | *Clethra* |
| Species: | ***C. pachyphylla*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Clethra pachyphylla***<br>Merr. | |
|


title: St Albans (London Road) railway station

abstract: St Albans London Road was one of three railway stations in St Albans, Hertfordshire.

text:
# St Albans (London Road) railway station

**St Albans London Road** was one of three railway stations in St Albans, Hertfordshire.

## History

| Railway stations in St Albans |
| --- |
|  |
|  |

The station was opened by the Hatfield and St Albans Railway on 16 October 1865, and passenger services ceased on 1 October 1951.

The station building has been restored, and the trackbed now forms part of the Alban Way, a six and a half-mile-long cycle track from St Albans to Hatfield.

The old station building has been listed Grade II on the National Heritage List for England since June 1994.

## Station masters

* James Barnes 1865 – 1883
* J. D. Rhodes 1884 – 1888 (formerly station master at Essendine)
* Mr Perkins 1888 – 1890 (formerly station master at Meldreth and Melbourn)
* Jonas Ellingham 1899 – 1918 (murdered by his wife)
* Ernest Wallis 1919 – 1920 (afterwards station master at Palmers Green)
* C. John Whitehead 1920 – 1926
* Campbell George Correll 1926- 1934
* George Howlett 1935 – 1941 (also station master of St Albans City railway station)
* T. Bond 1946 - 1949
* Albert Shaw 1949 - 1951

| Preceding station |  | Disused railways |  | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| St Albans Abbey
*Line closed; station open* |  | Great Northern Railway
Hatfield and St Albans Railway |  | Salvation Army Halt
*Line and station closed* |

### Notes

### Sources

## InfoBox

| St Albans London Road | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | St Albans, City and District of St Albans, Hertfordshire
England |
| Coordinates | 51°44′42″N 0°19′40″W / 51.745078°N 0.327806°W / 51.745078; -0.327806 |
| Platforms | 1 |
| Other information | |
| Status | Disused |
| History | |
| Original company | Hatfield and St Albans Railway |
| Pre-grouping | Great Northern Railway |
| Post-grouping | LNER |
| Key dates | |
| 16 October 1865 | Station opened |
| 1 October 1951 | Station closed |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Clarissa Dixon

abstract: Clarissa Belnap Dixon was an American bohemian, anarchist philosopher, labor activist, feminist and poet who lived at various times in Iowa, New York City, Kansas, and California. She was the mother of avant-garde composer Henry Cowell.

text:
# Clarissa Dixon

**Clarissa Belnap Dixon** (born **Clara Belnap Dixon**; November 30, 1851 – May 15, 1916) was an American bohemian, anarchist philosopher, labor activist, feminist and poet who lived at various times in Iowa, New York City, Kansas, and California. She was the mother of avant-garde composer Henry Cowell.

## Early life

### Childhood

Clara Belnap Dixon was born on November 30, 1851, in Hennepin, Illinois, a small town on the Illinois River about forty miles north of Bloomington, to woodworker Samuel Asenath Dixon and Bethshua Dixon (*née* Nash). The family's ancestry was of mostly Scotch and Irish descent, but Samuel's lineage was partially English and had been in America for centuries, with figures including astronomer Jeremiah Dixon, one of the surveyors behind the American Mason–Dixon line.

Clarissa was the second of five children born to Samuel and Bethshua. The family moved at some point, to let all the children to attend free public school and church in the small village of Amityville, near Eddyville, Iowa. The area was an unassuming Midwestern plains farming community some forty miles southeast of Des Moines, which suited the young couple's rural sensibilities. She was raised in a strict fundamentalist christian household.

Frustrated by her parents' beliefs, she left the town at age seventeen and relocated to the nearby city of Kirkville in Wapello County. It was there where she met George Davidson, a young farmhand. They were wed in 1869 and had their only son, Clarence, little more than a year later in 1871. At the same time, Clarissa decided to seek a thorough education at the age of nineteen, and attended a private school in nearby Ottumwa. She later became one of the six teachers in all of Eddyville, working for around eight years largely in small, one-room country schools.

### Early activism

As a young woman, Clarissa regularly attended labor movement, communist, and anarchist gatherings in Chicago. Using a toy typesetting device, she produced a political leaflet, functioning as an unsalaried specialist and representative regarding labor reform and women's suffrage for local newspapers. Her devotion to these reforms led her to voluntarily write for these publications – such as *The Chicago Sentinel*, *The American Nonconformist*, and *The Iowa Farmers' Tribune* — papers that circulated widely but didn't pay their writers.

As early as 1883, Dixon's politically charged essays and manifestos were attracting both praise and scorn from around the country. She was being solicited by papers and magazines from the nation's largest cities, though her popularity mainly rest among the more impoverished communities of the northern Midwest.

## Settling in California

### Burgeoning career

Urging to escape the Midwest and its fundamentalist atmosphere, she took the train alone to San Francisco in 1890, a city with a then-lively colony of unconventional writers. Clarissa, it has been suggested, may have been specifically drawn to the bohemianism of the literary community, but it's unknown precisely which aspects of the city and California more broadly appealed to her. From 1889 to 1891 she was the assistant editor of an anarchist weekly, *The Beacon*. Dixon's friendships during this period included the writers Jack London, George Sterling and Ambrose Bierce.

While in San Francisco, she teamed up with a young Irish immigrant, Harry Cowell, to found the fortnightly anarchist paper, *Enfant Terrible*. She used this opportunity to provide a more unfiltered and strong-willed disposition. Her style of writing and use of propaganda is exemplified in one of *Enfant Terrible'*s first 1891 publications:

> The clergyman has no more right than the clown to marry people. The judge has no more right than the jail-bird to sentence people. The policeman has no more right than the pauper to arrest people. The tax collector has no more right than any other thief to filch people's property. The legislator has no more right than the lackey to make laws. I have no reverence for God, nor parents, nor sovereigns, nor presidents, nor popes, nor bishops, nor dead bodies, nor ancient institutions; in short, I have no reverence for any person or thing.

As well as in a 1892 article from the New York journal *Liberty*:

> The State uses money robbed from the parents to perpetuate its powers of robbery by instructing their children in its own interest. The church also, uses its power to perpetuate its power. And to these twin leeches... are the tender minds of babies entrusted for education.

She released her only published book in 1909, the LGBT feminist novel *Janet and Her Dear Phebe*, which The New York Times characterized at the time as, "a very intense sort of a love story in which the lovers are two little girls who are devoted to each other with that fervency known only to feminine childhood".

Dixon and Cowell would marry in 1893.

## Later life

### Raising Henry

Dixon's second child, Henry Dixon Cowell, was born in 1897, at which point she was forty-six years old. In 1914, Dixon began a typescript manuscript of biographical details of her son's early life, which she completed before her death from breast cancer in 1916, at age 64.

## Footnotes

### Citations

1. Clarissa Dixon in the California, U.S., Death Index, 1905–1939, ancestry.com. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
2. Sachs (2012), p. 11.
3. Sachs (2012), p. 12.
4. Sachs (2012), p. 13.
5. Sachs (2012), p. 14.
6. Sachs (2012), p. 16.
7. Rich, Alan (2008) *American Pioneers: Ives to Cage and Beyond*
8. Sachs (2012), p. 15.
9. Dixon, Clarissa (1892). "Relations Between Parents and Children", *Liberty*.
10. "*New York Times (1857–1922), Saturday Review of Books,* Loves of Little Girls". *New York Times*. March 13, 1909. p. 141.
11. Hicks (2002), p. 15.
12. Tommasini, Anthony (1997), "Modern Times Catch Up to a Past Maverick", *The New York Times*, Retrieved 23 June 2022.
13. Sachs (2012), p. 14-15.
14. Dixon, Clarissa (n.d.). "Carl Sandburg-Helen Page Papers, Yale University Library, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale Collection of American Literature" (typescript). p. folder 25. hdl:10079/fa/beinecke.sandbrg.

### Sources

* Hicks, Michael (2002). *Henry Cowell, bohemian*. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-02751-5.
* Sachs, Joel (2012). *Henry Cowell: A Man Made of Music*. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-510895-8.
* Dixon, Clarissa Belnap (1909). *Janet and Her Dear Phebe*. Frederick A. Stokes.

## InfoBox

| Clarissa Dixon | |
| --- | --- |
| Portrait of Dixon c.1910 | |
| Born | (1851-11-30)November 30, 1851
Hennepin, Illinois, U.S. |
| Died | May 15, 1916(1916-05-15) (aged 64)
Menlo Park, California, U.S. |
| Occupation | * Author * activist * poet * teacher |
| Notable works | *Janet and Her Dear Phoebe* (1909) |
| Children | 2 (including Henry Cowell) |


title: Cleaning This Gun (Come On In Boy)

abstract: "Cleaning This Gun" is a song written by Casey Beathard and Marla Cannon-Goodman, and recorded by American country music artist Rodney Atkins. It was released in October 2007 as the fourth from his album If You're Going Through Hell. The song became Atkins' fourth consecutive number one hit on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, tying a record for most number ones from a country album since Tim McGraw's Set This Circus Down in 2001–2002.

text:
# Cleaning This Gun (Come On In Boy)

"**Cleaning This Gun (Come On in Boy)**" is a song written by Casey Beathard and Marla Cannon-Goodman, and recorded by American country music artist Rodney Atkins. It was released in October 2007 as the fourth from his album *If You're Going Through Hell*. The song became Atkins' fourth consecutive number one hit on the *Billboard* Hot Country Songs chart, tying a record for most number ones from a country album since Tim McGraw's *Set This Circus Down* in 2001–2002.

## Content

The song begins with the narrator's recollections of his teenage years. In the first verse, he admits that while he doesn't remember much from what he learned in high school, one thing he *does* remember is the speech given to him by his girlfriend's father after meeting him for the first time—a speech meant to instill fear in the boy so that he doesn't misbehave when he's with the girl, ending with "I'll see you when you get back / Bet I'll be up all night still cleanin' this gun."

In the second verse, the narrator, who's now a father himself, confesses that he's "scared to death" that his own daughter is going to find a boyfriend who was just like him when he was in high school ("That teenage boy I used to be / Seems to have just one thing on his mind"), and he'll need to give that same speech to his daughter's boyfriend.

In a short bridge later in the song, the narrator admits that the approach is merely to intimidate the young suitor, but that it's extremely effective ("It's all for show, ain't nobody gonna get hurt / It's just a Daddy thing, but hey, believe me: man, it works").

The song concludes with the narrator speaking to the boyfriend with "Yeah, son, y'all buckle up and have her back by 10, uh, let's say about 9:30. Drive safe!"

## Chart performance

| Chart (2007–2008) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Country (*Billboard*) | 5 |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 84 |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 40 |
| US Hot Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 1 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2008) | Rank |
| --- | --- |
| US Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 9 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| "Cleaning This Gun (Come On in Boy)" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Rodney Atkins | |
| from the album  *If You're Going Through Hell* | |
| Released | October 1, 2007 |
| Recorded | 2006 |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 3:46 |
| Label | Curb |
| Songwriter(s) | Casey Beathard
Marla Cannon-Goodman |
| Producer(s) | Ted Hewitt
Rodney Atkins |
| Rodney Atkins singles chronology | |
| "These Are My People"
(2007) "**Cleaning This Gun (Come On in Boy)**"
(2007) "Invisibly Shaken"
(2008) | |


title: Cleaning (forestry)

abstract:
"Cleaning" and "weeding" are two similar terms referring to the practice of selecting particularly desirable trees in a young stand and removing or killing trees that threaten their survival or development.
  - Used correctly, the term "cleaning" refers to the removal or killing of over topping competitors that are significantly taller than the desired trees, and is usually done in the sapling stage.
  - While the term "weeding" refers to the removal of mainly herbaceous plants and shrubs that are of the same height, but still competing for the resources that could be used by the selected trees. It is usually done in the seedling stage. Or cleaning is carried out in a crop which has not crossed the sapling stage and it is defined as the cutting made in order to face the best individual form undesirable one of the same age which interfere or likely with the growth of the desired individuals Colloquially, these treatments are often referred to as crop tree release when they are practiced in sapling sized stands. Cleaning is common in softwood plantations, clearcuts, and over story removals, where the desired conifers are over topped by rapidly growing early-successional hardwood species. Herbicides are often used in these cleaning operations because the correct chemical at the correct dose and time will kill only broad leaved species, leaving the conifers unharmed and free to grow. Chemical treatments may be applied by foliage sprays, mists or pellets. This can be from a vehicle or by aerial spraying. Where chemicals are impractical or unpalatable to the landowner, a brush cutter is used to cut competing trees close to the ground. Other methods of cleaning include mowing with brush hogs attached to a tractor.

text:
# Cleaning (forestry)

"Cleaning" and "weeding" are two similar terms referring to the practice of selecting particularly desirable trees in a young stand and removing or killing trees that threaten their survival or development.

* Used correctly, the term "cleaning" refers to the removal or killing of over topping competitors that are significantly taller than the desired trees, and is usually done in the sapling stage.
* While the term "weeding" refers to the removal of mainly herbaceous plants and shrubs that are of the same height, but still competing for the resources that could be used by the selected trees. It is usually done in the seedling stage. Or cleaning is carried out in a crop which has not crossed the sapling stage and it is defined as the cutting made in order to face the best individual form undesirable one of the same age which interfere or likely with the growth of the desired individuals

Colloquially, these treatments are often referred to as crop tree release when they are practiced in sapling sized stands.

Cleaning is common in softwood plantations, clearcuts, and over story removals, where the desired conifers are over topped by rapidly growing early-successional hardwood species. Herbicides are often used in these cleaning operations because the correct chemical at the correct dose (e.g. glyphosate or triclopyr) and time will kill only broad leaved species, leaving the conifers unharmed and free to grow. Chemical treatments may be applied by foliage sprays, mists or pellets. This can be from a vehicle or by aerial spraying. Where chemicals are impractical or unpalatable to the landowner, a brush cutter is used to cut competing trees close to the ground.

Other methods of cleaning include mowing with brush hogs attached to a tractor.

## Overview

Foresters will often conduct these treatments as early as possible, but not so early that new growth of hardwoods can overtake the planted seedlings again. Their goal is to maintain the health and vigor of tree species that are preferred for some use, often structural material.

Liberation cutting is similar to cleaning, with the exception that the competing trees are much older than the desired trees.

Cleaning is often done at a later stage, to allocate growing space to selected individuals that have demonstrated superior quality. This usually means a straight trunk that will make a good saw log, or perhaps a healthy crown on a mast-producing tree. In any case, desirable qualities have been identified in each particular tree, and competing trees are removed to promote the desired trees.

To help distinguish between cleaning and weeding, consider these two images from the northeastern United States. Both pictures focus on an eastern white pine of good future sawlog quality. In the first, the short-lived and undesired balsam fir has over topped the pine: the good quality pine will likely die. This is a cleaning situation, albeit an abnormally late one. In the second, the balsam fir compete from the sides: the good quality pine will almost certainly not die, but it is ready to grow more quickly. This is a normal weeding situation.

In many situations where the trees are in the late sapling stage, the distinction between cleaning and weeding is blurred from tree to tree: this example provides a distinction that is not always made in practice. Most cleanings are conducted at the seedling stage with herbicides in plantations and clearcuts in order to control the species composition and guide the stand to a desired future condition as early as possible. This treatment is a standard and well developed feature of management on large landbases that produce pulp and softwood lumber for building.

Later intervention is usually a cleaning, and requires a certain amount of brute force and precision. Small woodlot owners often perform this operation in large sapling sized stands that have been acquired from defunct timber companies. They do this to improve the quality of their woodlots and to produce their own firewood. Competing trees at this stage are often large enough to burn, but small enough for fit and properly trained landowners to comfortably handle felling and transporting.

To conceptualize the allocation of growing space, imagine a party where there is one pizza: if there are ten guests, each gets one slice and wants more, but if there are only one or two guests they are well fed. Trees get their energy from the sun, and there is only so much sunlight falling on a given area. If that area is occupied by a very large number of trees, each receives a small portion. There may be a lot of energy being captured, but it is being distributed between so many stems that none grow very quickly.

If the growing space is occupied by fewer trees (but still enough to eventually grow into a closed canopy), each will receive a greater portion of energy and the individuals will grow in diameter faster, yield a heartier seed crop, and produce more defensive compounds to respond to wounds, drought, and insect attack.


title: Stadtklinik

abstract: Stadtklinik is a German television series.

text:
# Stadtklinik

***Stadtklinik*** is a German television series.

## Plot

In a Cologne hospital, which is also called Stadtklinik, doctors and nurses face daily medical and human problems. In addition, there are competitions, love affairs and intrigues among colleagues. Medical controversy is the order of the day for the city's clinic, as are social controversies here, for example in questions of euthanasia.

Firstly, Professor Dr. Wilhelm Himmel the head of the hospital, later he is replaced by Professor Baaden.

## InfoBox

| *Stadtklinik* | |
| --- | --- |
| Country of origin | Germany |


title: St Paul's Church, Walsall

abstract: St Paul's Church is an Anglican church in Walsall, West Midlands, England, and in the Diocese of Lichfield. The building is Grade II listed. It is the home of the company The Crossing at St Paul's.

text:
# St Paul's Church, Walsall

**St Paul's Church** is an Anglican church in Walsall, West Midlands, England, and in the Diocese of Lichfield. The building is Grade II listed. It is the home of the company **The Crossing at St Paul's**.

## History and description

The original building, consecrated in 1826, was designed by Francis Goodwin in Greek Classical style, using stuccoed brick. It had a nave and a west tower: a chancel was added in 1852. It was built by the governors of Walsall Grammar School, for the use of the school and the public, and the minister was the headmaster of the school. The building was sold by the school in 1874 to the townspeople, and it was assigned a parish the following year, from the parishes of St Matthew and St Peter.

The church was rebuilt in 1892. It was designed by J. L. Pearson, in Decorated style, using Codsall sandstone. There is a nave with a clerestory and north and south aisles; there are shallow transepts to north and south. The west window has seven lights and tracery.

The church is the home of The Crossing at St Paul's Ltd, a company established to serve the community and put the Christian faith into practice. The company offers services including conference rooms to hire, a coffee shop and retail outlets.

Media related to The Crossing at St Paul's, Walsall at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Church of St Paul | |
| --- | --- |
| The Crossing at St Paul's | |
| Viewed from the south-west | |
|  | |
| 52°35′7.141″N 1°58′54.383″W / 52.58531694°N 1.98177306°W / 52.58531694; -1.98177306 | |
| OS grid reference | SP 01332 98612 |
| Location | Walsall, West Midlands |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Denomination | Church of England |
| Website | www.thecrossingatstpauls.com |
| Architecture | |
| Heritage designation | Grade II |
| Designated | 30 July 1986 |
| Architect(s) | J. L. Pearson |
| Administration | |
| Diocese | Lichfield |


title: St Brannock's Church, Braunton

abstract: St Brannock's Church is a medieval Church of England church in Braunton, Devon, England. According to legend it was founded by Saint Brannock, a 6th-century Christian saint. It became a Grade I listed building on 25 February 1965.

text:
# St Brannock's Church, Braunton

**St Brannock's Church** is a medieval Church of England church in Braunton, Devon, England. According to legend it was founded by Saint Brannock, a 6th-century Christian saint. It became a Grade I listed building on 25 February 1965.

## History

The present church dates from the thirteenth century and stands on the foundations of its Saxon predecessor, though Christian worship on the site may date back to as early as the 6th century. St Brannock was an early Christian saint who is believed to have migrated from South Wales to establish a monastery at Braunton in the 6th century. Sir John Betjeman states that St Brannoc was "almost certainly" buried beneath the high altar.

Local tradition suggests that St Brannock originally built his church on a hill overlooking Braunton, but that the church collapsed. Following this setback, in a dream, the Saint was told to look for "a sow and piglets", and that this would be the site to build his new church. This story is commemorated in one of the stained glass windows and also in a roof boss of the church, which features a sow feeding her litter.

The church was seriously damaged as a result of an arson attack in July 2003. The fire completely destroyed the gallery housing the organ pipes, which dated to the 16th century, as well as damaging pews and an antique Bible. As a result of this, services were temporarily moved to nearby Brannock Rooms while restoration work went ahead. Following the attack, posters were placed around Braunton, threatening the perpetrators with revenge. At a trial in December, three pre-teen boys were found guilty of starting the fire and given 12-month supervision orders.

## Architecture and fittings

Nikolaus Pevsner described the church as "one of the most interesting, and also one of the most puzzling in North Devon", mentioning its massive, apparently Norman, south tower; its lead-covered broach spire, similar to that at St Peter and St Paul at Barnstaple; and the nave which despite being 34 ft wide, has no aisles.

Betjeman describes the church as "not very prepossessing but well worth visiting", and as having "a remarkably wide nave covered by a fine roof enriched with fifteenth century bosses". It also boasts an early Norman font, a Jacobean pulpit, and fourteenth-century carved wooden pews, which are listed. A series of 16th-century chestnut pew ends are of carved woodwork; one has a likeness of St Brannoc with a cow, testament to a tale surrounding him that a neighbour stole his cow, slaughtered it, put it into a stewing pot, and upon shouting the cow's name, Brannoc brought his cow back to life, reassembling it on the spot.

The tower of St Brannock's Church is over 700 years old and the chancel which has an arch and three lancets is about the same age. The 15th-century south chapel has a brass palimpsest (a monumental brass that has been re-used), hinged so that both sides are visible. The church is reportedly haunted.

The earliest surviving feature is a Saxon burial stone. There is a chest that may have come to England with the Spanish Armada. The church's war memorial was dedicated on 2 November 1921 in memory of soldiers from the village who died during the First World War. Constructed of stone from Somerset, it was restored in 2009.

## Events

St Brannock's Church frequently holds musical events, including a performance by folk singer Julie Felix. It has also held exhibitions of local culture and history.

## InfoBox

| St Brannock's Church | |
| --- | --- |
| St Brannock's Church, Braunton | |
|  | |
| 51°06′47″N 4°09′35″W / 51.1130°N 4.1597°W / 51.1130; -4.1597 | |
| Location | Braunton |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Denomination | Church of England |
| Churchmanship | Liberal Anglo-Catholic |
| Website | http://www.brauntonchurch.org |
| History | |
| Founded | c.550 AD (origins) |
| Founder(s) | St Brannock |
| Architecture | |
| Style | Early English |
| Years built | Thirteenth Century |
| Administration | |
| Diocese | Diocese of Exeter |
| Clergy | |
| Vicar(s) | The Revd David Baker |


title: St Brendan's Board GAA

abstract: St Brendan's Board GAA is one of several divisions in the Kerry GAA system. It is based in the north of the county and fields teams from under-15 right up senior level.

text:
# St Brendan's Board GAA

**St Brendan's Board GAA** is one of several divisions in the Kerry GAA system. It is based in the north of the county and fields teams from under-15 right up senior level.

## Member clubs

*Football clubs unless stated.*

## History

At the County Board Convention in 1924 it was decided to subdivide Kerry into four divisions. North, South, East and West Kerry were the original four divisions. Further divisions were established in subsequent years, with several rural clubs in the Tralee area affiliating to the St Brendan's Board. In 2021, the St Brendan's Board and Tralee Town Board merged to form just one District Board.

## Honours

## Divisional competitions

### Tralee Town / St Brendan's Board Senior Football Championship

#### Teams

| Team | Location | Colours | Division | Championship titles | Last championship title |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ardfert | Ardfert | Black and white | St Brendan’s | 0 |  |
| Austin Stacks | Tralee | Black and amber | Tralee | 1 | 2023 |
| Ballymacelligott | Ballymacelligott |  | St Kieran's | 0 |  |
| Churchill | Tralee | Green and black | St Brendan’s | 0 |  |
| John Mitchels | Tralee | Green and yellow | Tralee | 0 |  |
| Kerins O'Rahilly's | Tralee | Blue and white | Tralee | 0 |  |
| Na Gaeil | Tralee | Green and white | St Brendan’s | 0 |  |
| St Patrick’s, Blennerville | Blennerville | Red and white | St Brendan’s | 0 |  |

#### Roll of honour

| Year | Winners | | Runners-up | | # |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Club | Score | Club | Score | |
| 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2023 | Austin Stacks | 2-18 | Ballymacelligott | 1-04 |  |

## InfoBox

St Brendan's Board
| *Coiste Peil Naomh Breandán* | |
| --- | --- |
| County: | Kerry |
| Colours: | Green, Black and White hoops |
| Playing kits | |
|  | |
| Senior Club Championships | |
| All Ireland Munster
champions Kerry
champions  Football: | |


title: St Bartholomew's Church, Crewkerne

abstract: The Church of St Bartholomew in Crewkerne, Somerset, England dates from the 15th century and has been designated as a Grade I listed building. St Bartholomew's Parish Church stands on high ground to the west of the town. The first Saxon church was founded before the end of the 9th century as a "minster", or main church of a Saxon royal estate that included an area which later became the parishes of Seaborough, Wayford and Misterton. This church was replaced after the Norman Conquest with a larger stone cruciform building, with a central tower. This was almost completely rebuilt and enlarged in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. This is, for the most part, the church building visible today. It is an excellent example of the Perpendicular style with many unusual and individual features. These include the west front, the nave, the six-light aisle windows and the Tudor-style chapels and windows in the north east corner. The building material is golden-coloured Ham Hill stone, quarried a few miles north of Crewkerne. There is a notable pair of 'green man' carvings within the church. No major alterations have been made since the Reformation in the 1530s and 1540s, but there have been many changes to the interior to accommodate various phases of Church of England worship. Among these are an oven used for baking communion bread in the south east corner of the north chapel. During the Civil War, considerable damage was done including the destruction of nearly all of the medieval stained glass. William III of England worshipped in the church following his landing in the Glorious Revolution of 1689. By the early 19th century, all the medieval furnishings, except the Norman font had disappeared. New pews were made and the west galleries were added in 1808–11. The latest restoration that has left the church interior visible today, took place in the late 19th century; it was more sympathetic to the church's architectural character than many Victorian restorations. At this time, the central section of the west gallery was removed to reveal the great west window and the organ was relocated to the south transept. The pews date from around 1900 and have attractive carved bench-ends. Christ Church, a chapel of ease to St Bartholomew's, was built on South Street in 1852–54 to the designs of James Mountford Allen. The church was declared redundant in 1969, and demolished in 1975 to make way for the residential Christchurch Court.

text:
# St Bartholomew's Church, Crewkerne

The **Church of St Bartholomew** in Crewkerne, Somerset, England dates from the 15th century and has been designated as a Grade I listed building.

St Bartholomew's Parish Church stands on high ground to the west of the town. The first Saxon church was founded before the end of the 9th century as a "minster", or main church of a Saxon royal estate that included an area which later became the parishes of Seaborough, Wayford and Misterton. This church was replaced after the Norman Conquest with a larger stone cruciform building, with a central tower. This was almost completely rebuilt and enlarged in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. This is, for the most part, the church building visible today. It is an excellent example of the Perpendicular style with many unusual and individual features. These include the west front, the nave, the six-light aisle windows and the Tudor-style chapels and windows in the north east corner. The building material is golden-coloured Ham Hill stone, quarried a few miles north of Crewkerne. There is a notable pair of 'green man' carvings within the church.

No major alterations have been made since the Reformation in the 1530s and 1540s, but there have been many changes to the interior to accommodate various phases of Church of England worship. Among these are an oven used for baking communion bread in the south east corner of the north chapel.

During the Civil War, considerable damage was done including the destruction of nearly all of the medieval stained glass. William III of England worshipped in the church following his landing in the Glorious Revolution of 1689. By the early 19th century, all the medieval furnishings, except the Norman font had disappeared. New pews were made and the west galleries were added in 1808–11. The latest restoration that has left the church interior visible today, took place in the late 19th century; it was more sympathetic to the church's architectural character than many Victorian restorations. At this time, the central section of the west gallery was removed to reveal the great west window and the organ was relocated to the south transept. The pews date from around 1900 and have attractive carved bench-ends.

Christ Church, a chapel of ease to St Bartholomew's, was built on South Street in 1852–54 to the designs of James Mountford Allen. The church was declared redundant in 1969, and demolished in 1975 to make way for the residential Christchurch Court.

## Former grammar school

The church hall and parish office in Abbey Street, a building which stands immediately north of the church, dates from 1636. It was used by Crewkerne Grammar School (founded 1499) from then until 1882, when the school moved to a new building called de Combe House on Mount Pleasant.

## InfoBox

| Church of St Bartholomew | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Crewkerne, Somerset, England |
| Coordinates | 50°53′06″N 2°47′53″W / 50.88500°N 2.79806°W / 50.88500; -2.79806 |
| Built | 15th century |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade I | |
| Official name | Church of St Bartholomew |
| Designated | 12 June 1950 |
| Reference no. | 390324 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Church of St Bartholomew in Somerset | |


title: St Elizabeth's Church, Ashley

abstract: St Elizabeth's Church is on Ashley Road in the village of Ashley, Cheshire, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Bowdon, the archdeaconry of Macclesfield, and the diocese of Chester. Its benefice is combined with that of St Peter, Hale. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

text:
# St Elizabeth's Church, Ashley

**St Elizabeth's Church** is on Ashley Road in the village of Ashley, Cheshire, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Bowdon, the archdeaconry of Macclesfield, and the diocese of Chester. Its benefice is combined with that of St Peter, Hale. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

## History

The church was built in 1880 as a chapel of ease to St Mary, Bowdon, and became a parish in its own right the following year. It was designed by Wilbraham Egerton, who was later to become the 1st Earl Egerton.

## Architecture

St Elizabeth's is constructed in red brick and red terracotta, and has a red tiled roof. Its plan consists of a three-bay nave, a chancel, north and south transepts, a northeast vestry, and a southwest porch. On the west gable is a stone bellcote. The windows in the nave contain Perpendicular tracery, while those in the transepts and the east window have Decorated tracery. The chancel windows are spherical triangles. At the west end of the church are three lancet windows with trefoil heads between which are colonnettes, and above them is a trefoil rose window. On the bellcote are gargoyles.

Inside the church, the reredos has a tiled dado and panels with a floral decoration. The stained glass dates from 1925, but the artist and maker are unknown. The three-manual organ was built in 1885 by A. Young and Sons of Manchester, and was originally a house organ.

## InfoBox

| St Elizabeth's Church, Ashley | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| St Elizabeth's Church, AshleyLocation in Cheshire | |
| 53°21′20″N 2°20′37″W / 53.3556°N 2.3435°W / 53.3556; -2.3435 | |
| OS grid reference | SJ 772 844 |
| Location | Ashley Road, Ashley, Cheshire |
| Country | England |
| Denomination | Anglican |
| Website | St Elizabeth's, Ashley Church and Community Centre |
| History | |
| Status | Parish church |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Active |
| Heritage designation | Grade II |
| Designated | 20 September 1984 |
| Architect(s) | Wilbraham Egerton |
| Architectural type | Church |
| Style | Gothic Revival |
| Completed | 1880 |
| Specifications | |
| Materials | Brick and terracotta<br>Tiled roofs |
| Administration | |
| Province | York |
| Diocese | Chester |
| Archdeaconry | Macclesfield |
| Deanery | Bowdon |
| Parish | St Elizabeth, Ashley |
| Clergy | |
| Vicar(s) | Revd. Karen Stanton |
| Curate(s) | Revd. Giselle Rusted |


title: Stand Inside Your Love

abstract: "Stand Inside Your Love" is a song by American alternative rock band the Smashing Pumpkins. It was the second single and the lead international single released from their fifth album, Machina/The Machines of God (2000). The song was written by Billy Corgan.

text:
# Stand Inside Your Love

"**Stand Inside Your Love**" is a song by American alternative rock band the Smashing Pumpkins. It was the second single and the lead international single released from their fifth album, *Machina/The Machines of God* (2000). The song was written by Billy Corgan.

## Content

Billy Corgan claims the song is written about his then-girlfriend Yelena Yemchuk. He explained, "'Stand Inside Your Love' is one of those rare songs that seems to write itself really quickly... As far as the song goes, it's sort of a love song that rocks, which is pretty rare, even for me. And I even got my girlfriend dancing in the video, so it's all a tribute to my girlfriend, I guess." Corgan would also call it the only "true" love song he's ever written.

"Stand Inside Your Love" was initially conceived to be similar to the new wave style of the band's earlier hit "1979"; however, Corgan opted for what he considered "the classic Pumpkins sound".

The single contains one B-side, "Speed Kills", which appears in a shortened form on the vinyl and import CD versions of *Machina*, and in a heavier incarnation on the band's following album *Machina II/The Friends & Enemies of Modern Music*.

The single cover of "Stand Inside Your Love" was designed by Vasily Kafanov and is primarily a depiction of the alchemical androgyne, one of the most significant symbolic representations within alchemy, and, on its most basic level, represents the perfect union between man and woman when joined as a single entity. Atop their head is a single crown, known to the Kabbalists as Kether, the source of all creation, and the first Sephiroth on the Tree of Life.

## Music video

The music video of "Stand Inside Your Love" is a tribute to the 1891 play *Salomé* by Oscar Wilde. Billy Corgan created the video's look together with English director W.I.Z. under the heavy influence of original Salomé illustrations by Aubrey Beardsley. The man sitting on the throne is played by Ken Davitian, better known for his role as Azamat Bagatov in the movie *Borat*. Corgan's then-girlfriend Yelena Yemchuk played the main character in the video.

Sharon Osbourne cited her dislike for the music video, along with her conflicts with Corgan, as a motive for her departure from the band's management. The music video won the Most Visionary Video award at the 2000 VH1 Fashion Awards.

## Release

While "The Everlasting Gaze" was the lead single in the United States from *Machina*, with a radio promotional single released, and a high-energy music video filmed with new band member Melissa Auf der Maur, "Stand Inside Your Love" was ultimately released as the lead international single. It remains their last commercially successful single internationally.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Billy Corgan

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Stand Inside Your Love" | 4:16 |
| 2. | "Speed Kills" | 5:17 |

## Charts

| Chart (2000) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | 31 |
| Canada Rock/Alternative (*RPM*) | 3 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 30 |
| Italy (FIMI) | 4 |
| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ) | 17 |
| Norway (VG-lista) | 12 |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | 4 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 43 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 23 |
| US Mainstream Rock (*Billboard*) | 11 |
| US Alternative Airplay (*Billboard*) | 2 |

## InfoBox

| "Stand Inside Your Love" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by The Smashing Pumpkins | |
| from the album  *Machina/The Machines of God* | |
| B-side | "Speed Kills" |
| Released | February 21, 2000 |
| Recorded | 1999 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 4:12 |
| Label | Virgin |
| Songwriter(s) | Billy Corgan |
| Producer(s) |  |
| The Smashing Pumpkins singles chronology | |
| "The Everlasting Gaze"
(1999) "**Stand Inside Your Love**"
(2000) "I of the Mourning"
(2000) | |


title: Claudio Cirigliano

abstract: Sergio Claudio Cirigliano is an Argentinian businessman who, with his brother Mario, operates major rail and bus concessions in Buenos Aires and elsewhere in Argentina through the Grupo Plaza conglomerate. One source has described the brothers as making up “one of the most powerful business groups in the country.” Cirigliano and his brother were widely held responsible for the deadly Once railway disaster in February 2012, which occurred on one of the railway lines that they ran, because they had allegedly pocketed government subsidies intended to cover maintenance costs. Grupo Plaza was said to have been awarded concessions for rail and bus lines because of Cirigliano's close friendships with Presidents Carlos Menem, Nestor Kirchner, and Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner. Also, Cirigliano was accused of having bribed Secretaries of Transportation Ricardo Jaime and Juan Pablo Schiavi, who directly oversaw the awarding of rail and bus concessions. Later in 2012, both Cirigliano and his brother Mario went on trial on charges of corruption and fraudulent administration in connection with the Once crash. La Nación described him as the “successful driver of the K line,” the “K” being a sardonic reference to his close connections to the Kirchner family.

text:
# Claudio Cirigliano

**Sergio Claudio Cirigliano** is an Argentinian businessman who, with his brother Mario, operates major rail and bus concessions in Buenos Aires and elsewhere in Argentina through the Grupo Plaza conglomerate. One source has described the brothers as making up “one of the most powerful business groups in the country.”

Cirigliano and his brother were widely held responsible for the deadly Once railway disaster in February 2012, which occurred on one of the railway lines that they ran, because they had allegedly pocketed government subsidies intended to cover maintenance costs. Grupo Plaza was said to have been awarded concessions for rail and bus lines because of Cirigliano's close friendships with Presidents Carlos Menem, Nestor Kirchner, and Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner. Also, Cirigliano was accused of having bribed Secretaries of Transportation Ricardo Jaime and Juan Pablo Schiavi, who directly oversaw the awarding of rail and bus concessions. Later in 2012, both Cirigliano and his brother Mario went on trial on charges of corruption and fraudulent administration in connection with the Once crash.

*La Nación* described him as the “successful driver of the K line,” the “K” being a sardonic reference to his close connections to the Kirchner family.

## Early life and education

Cirigliano is the son of Nicola Cirigliano, who was born in Vaglio Basilicata, Italy, and moved to Argentina at age 18. After working as a laborer and truck driver, Nicola borrowed money from a friend and bought a bus route. This was the beginning of a transport firm, originally called Transporte Automotor Plaza, which he founded in 1959. Claudio, born in 1964 or 1965 (in September 2009, he was 44 years old), was Nicola's last-born son. Claudio grew up in Parque Patricios and studied at a technical college.

## Career

### Grupo Plaza

After completing his studies, Cirigliano went to work in the family business. In 1975, for health reasons, Nicola handed over the management of his business to Claudio and his two other sons. At that time the family owned a few passenger buses for an urban line namely the two bus lines, 61 and 62.

Claudio Cirigliano's friendships with presidents Carlos Menem and Nestor Kirchner played a crucial role in the growth of the family business, winning the Ciriglianos more and more concessions and subsidies. One source attributes their success largely to their ability to form “strategic ties with shifting political powers.” The Cirigliano brothers have been described as being “forever friends of power,” whose business was created and maintained through government subsidies. Claudio's closeness to Menem is reflected in the fact that he was part of the entourage that accompanied Menem on his first visit to the UK. In the 1990s, the two men played golf together frequently.

The business empire of Claudio Cirigliano and his brother began to grow significantly in the 1990s, when they profited from the privatization of many rail lines under Menem, who gave them control of several of the lines. During this time the brothers established or bought many companies which became subsidiaries of the family firm, which was originally named Transporte Automotor Plaza and which later changed its name to Grupo Plaza. In 1991 the Ciriglianos formed the holding company Comercio Metropolitano de Transporte (Cometrans). Today, Grupo Plaza is the main shareholder in Cometrans. The formation of the holding company Cometrans made it possible for the Cirigliano brothers to obtain the concession for the Metrovías SA subway service, which they held from 1994 to 2000.

In 1993, the brothers acquired the San Martin General Military Factory, which they made the headquarters of their firm Emprendimientos Ferroviarios S.A. (EMFER), which is involved in the repair and maintenance of railroad cars, and Tecnología Avanzada en Transporte SA (TATSA), which assembles and repairs buses. In 1993 they acquired Lines 143, 141, and 36; in 1994, they acquired 140, 142, and 133; in 1998 they acquired Línes 124 and 114. The Ciriglianos also bought stock in the Line 104 firm. In 1994 they were granted the concession to run Trenes de Buenos Aires (TBA), which controls the Mitre and Sarmiento train lines; they began running it in 1995. The TBA concession marked the beginning of their climb to prominence with no notable hindrance under the Kirchner administration. Between 1994 and 2000 Cometrans ran the Metrovías concession, and from 1998 to 2007 it was one of the firms that ran the Metro in Río de Janeiro through the Opportrans consortium.

While Menem, during his presidency, helped the Ciriglianos to acquire railway lines, Kirchner, in his time, helped them expand into the long-distance bus sector. which became the focus of their expansion efforts in 2003. The family business is also said to have greatly benefited from Claudio Cirigliano's close relationship with Domingo Cavallo, who served as Minister of the Economy under Menem and Fernando de la Rúa. At one point, the state paid the Cirigliano brothers seventy million dollars to cover ten years' worth of repairs to the trains running on the Sarmiento and Mitre lines.

In addition to his close ties to the late Nestor Kirchner and to current President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner, Cirigliano has had longstanding connections with several leading Kirchnerite politicians. In 2003, he collected campaign contributions for Kirchnerite politician Anibal Fernandez; he gave Ricardo Jaime, Nestor Kirchner's Transportation Secretary, a Toyota in 2003 and a horse in 2007; and he once sent a doctor to treat Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner's Minister of Planning, Julio De Vido, for diabetes. Claudio owns a Citation 501 plane, which he has lent to public officials. One reflection of Cirigliano's closeness to the Kirchers is the fact that for six months, at the request of the government, he paid the salaries of employees of the defunct airline Southern Winds, to which the brothers had no connection.

Over time, Grupo Plaza came to run public transport throughout Argentina. As of 2009, the Ciriglianos owned 21 of the 135 local bus lines in Buenos Aires and several more in La Pampa and Bahia Blanca, plus a number of long-distance bus routes, in addition to the Sarmiento and Mitre railway lines. Grupo Plaza also has investments in Miami.

The three Cirigliano brothers own Grupo Plaza jointly. Sources disagree on the way in which they divide their responsibilities. According to the Argentina Independent, Mario is officially the head of the firm, while Claudio is head of Trenes Buenos Aires (TBA). According to *La Nación*, Claudio manages the department that deals with lines of transport, while Mario is in charge of the subsidiary Consorcio Metropolitano de Transporte (Cometrans); in turn, says La Nación, Cometrans controls the firms TBA (trains), Emfer (rail equipment construction), TAT SA (bus construction) and Ferrovial Baires (buildings and railway infrastructure). Another source describes Claudio as the head of Cometrans and his brother Antonio as the head of TBA. Yet another source identifies Claudio as the largest shareholder in TBA and Roque Cirigliano, the brothers' cousin, as manager of TBA's rolling stock. Still another source describes Grupo Plaza as the transport division of the Cirigliano Group, with TBA, Emfer, and TATSA also being divisions of the Cirigliano Group, along with Lua La porteña (an insurance firm), Opportrans, and, until 2007, Rio de Janeiro Metro (both foreign concessions). The Cirigliano Group is also involved in bilateral projects, such as the railroad between Argentina and Uruguay.

In addition to accumulating bus and train routes, both urban and interurban, the Ciriglianos were contracted to manufacture and repair vehicles and to maintain infrastructure. They also opened a travel agency, Pasajes Express, and a company that places advertisements on trains, buses, and streets. Grupo Plaza owns Transmedios, a PR firm, which was founded in 2007, and in 2009 they founded Ticketrans, which sells farecards for the trains and buses operated by the group. Grupo Plaza has also been a main beneficiaries of the national government's “TV for All” plan to prove free TV to 1.2 million welfare recipients. Televisión Digital Terrestre (TDT), a holding company that is a subsidiary of Grupo Plaza, won a contract to supply decoders for the plan. Under the umbrella of Cometrans, meanwhile, is the firm Consorcio New Tronic, which manufactures signal converters that are also part of the “TV for All” plan. The firm obtained a 160 million peso contract for the manufacture of 1.2 million digital converters.

A 2013 report stated that the brothers own two passenger-transport firms in Miami, Travelynx and Red Coach. In 2009, they bought Travelynx, which operates private shuttles. Later they bought Red Coach, which specializes in “luxury transport.” Also, the brothers own a subsidiary of Cometrans called Cometrans Qatar, founded in 2009 with the purpose of entering the Arab market. On behalf of Cometrans Qatar, Claudio Cirigliano carried out negotiations with Qatargas that concluded in January 2011. The result was an arrangement whereby Argentina would import 8 million dollars' worth of gasoline per day. Cometrans Qatar also constructed a 2,177-kilometer railway line connecting parts of Saudi Arabia with the United Arab Emirates. The firm also entered into a collaborative arrangement in January 2010 with Aamal Company QSC.

Today Grupo Plaza calls itself “la empresa de impresas” – “the business of businesses.” It operates 40 urban lines, 20 in the City of Buenos Aires, 12 in the city of Bahía Blanca and 8 lines in the city of Santa Rosa, La Pampa. The group also owns the firms Transporte Automotor Plaza, Mayo Transporte Automotor, Transporte Mariano Moreno, Transporte 104, Ecotrans (which runs 10 rural bus lines), Dumas Cat, Plus Ultra Mercobus, and El Rápido Argentino. Transporte Automotor Plaza, Dumas Cat, Plus Ultra Mercobus, and El Rápido Argentino all run medium- and long-distance services. The following firms provide the following transport services: Transporte Automotor Plaza runs lines 114, 124, 133, 140, 142, 143; Mayo Transporte Automotor runs line 141; Transporte Mariano Moreno runs line 36; Ecotrans runs the provincial lines 253, 321, 322, 317, 503, and 635. Grupo Plaza also controls the firm Sistemas Integrados de Gestion (SIG) SA, which provides IT services and develops software and other computer technology with transport applications. The Cirigliano family has control of city trains that transport 40 percent of the daily urban train traffic in Buenos Aires.

Today the company received billions of pesos in government subsidies. As of 2009, Cometrans was receiving 55 million pesos from the Argentinian government, 37 million for operating trains and 18 million for operating local transport. The Cirigliano Group received 76.9 million pesos (17.7M USD) in subsidies in January 2012. Claudio Cirigliano has maintained that the subsidies are necessary to keep fares down. In 2012, TBA was expected to receive more than two million pesos in state subsidies per day, totaling 832.5 million pesos annually. The Ciriglianos are also permitted to purchase gasoline at discounted prices.

### Other business activity

Independently from Grupo Plaza, Claudio Cirigliano owns Yaniel SA, which is active in cattle raising. He also runs Invercla Inversora SA, an investment firm, and Ibancor, a real-estate firm. Mario Cirigliano owns Travel Shop SA, a marketing firm, and publishes Fuente: Revista Desafío Económico. Both brothers are on the payroll of the investment firm BC Austral. Their insurance firms Lua Seguros and Seguros La Porteña have been described as “judicially very irregular” and have been accused of having “swindled thousands of clients” in cases that led to numerous “unresolved lawsuits.”

For a time in the 1990s, Claudio Cirigliano also owned a security firm called Centauro.

## Once crash

On February 22, 2012, a train crashed at the Once railway station, killing 51 people. The train was on the Sarmiento line, operated by TBA. Blame was placed on Claudio Cirigliano and his brothers, who were accused of obtaining the railroad concession through favoritism and bribery and of pocketing government subsidies intended to cover maintenance costs. Specifically, the brothers were accused of bribing Ricardo Jaime, who served as Secretary of Transportation from 2003 to 2009, and Juan Pablo Schiavi, who held the same post from 2009 to 2012, with personal gifts and free travel.

A news report on February 24, 2012, stated that Jaime was facing charges in court that he had received “free vacation flights from Claudio Cirigliano, whose holding company owns Trenes de Buenos Aires (TBA), the company that runs the Sarmiento line and others.” The lawsuit maintained that Claudio Cirigliano had “paid for plane tickets to Brazil for Jaime, who at the time was in charge of granting subsidies to the private concession-holders running the rail system, so that they would keep ticket prices down.”

Héctor Polino, founder of a citizens group called Consumidores Libres (Free Consumers), which had filed many complaints against the firms running Argentina's railways, was quoted in the February 24 report as saying that when he was in the legislature, and the courts issued an interim measure to keep the transport companies from raising ticket prices, Cirigliano had tried repeatedly to get Polino to meet him at somewhere other than his congressional office; when Polino kept refusing, Cirigliano pressured him to cease pushing forward with the case, as did a representative of the transport workers union who said he was acting in Cirigliano’s name. It was suggested that the Argentinian government had failed to “impose the necessary controls on TBA and its owner, the Cirigliano Group, due to its close personal relations with the president, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner.”

After the Once crash, the Argentinian government withdrew control of the Mitre and Sarmiento train lines from Grupo Plaza.

On March 5, 2012, Federal Judge Claudio Bonadio banned Cirigliano and Transportation Secretary Juan Pablo Schiavi from leaving the country while an investigation of the Once crash proceeded. On June 5, 2012, Bonadio ordered Cirigliano's arrest along with that of three other TBA executives for obstructing the investigation of the Once crash. Also arrested were Carlo Ferrari, president of TBA; Dario Tempone, managing director of TBA; and Daniel Rubio, director of administration for TBA. Bonadio stated that Cirigliano had caused key evidence about government payments to TBA to disappear and that it was impossible to determine how the millions of dollars received by TBA from the government had been spent. Documents that Cirigliano had allegedly caused to disappear were eventually found in a reservoir.

On June 19, 2012, Federal Prosecutor Federico Delgado requested the prosecution of thirty persons, including Claudio and Antonio Cirigliano and former transport secretaries Juan Pablo Schiavi and Ricardo Jaime, in connection with the Once train crash. During the trial that ensued, Claudio Cirigliano told the court that TBA had a debt of approximately 1.9 billion pesos and said that money could be set aside to help the families of the crash victims.

*La Nación* reported on October 19, 2012, that Claudio and Mario Cirigliano, as well as former Secretaries of Transport Ricardo Jaime and Juan Pablo Schiavi, were being prosecuted in connection with the Once crash. The Cirigliano brothers were charged with conspiracy. While Bonadio had also indicted seven former TBA officials, he dismissed charges against the driver of the wrecked train, Marco Antonio Córdoba, and Antonio Sícaro, former comptroller of the National Commission for Transport Regulation (CNRT). La Nación further noted that Bonadio had ordered the Cirigliano brothers held in pre-trial detention, but that the Federal Chamber had cancelled the order. La Nación also quoted Minister of Interior and Transportation Florencio Randazzo as saying that the Sarmiento and Mitre train lines were “calamitous, a real disaster” as a result of the granting of the concession to the Cirigliano family.

On June 12, 2013, it was reported that judges of the Second Chamber of the Federal Criminal and Correctional Court of Appeals had removed the “lack of merit” clause protecting Mario Cirigliano from being questioned in the Once train crash. Both Claudio and Mario were charged with corruption and fraudulent administration in connection with the Once train crash.

An October 5, 2013, report stated that Claudio Cirigliano had been “accused of paying for the Brazilian holidays of the previous transport minister, Ricardo Jaime, as a tacit thank you for the millions of dollars in subsidies TBA has received from the state.” Also, a judicial investigation had established that Cirigliano “had bought costly Polynesian furniture and thousands of dollars’ worth of jewellery with a corporate credit card.”

The Chamber of Appeals declared inadmissible on September 24, 2014, appeals by Claudio Cirigliano and Jaime, who were on trial for the exchange of gifts.

## Personal life

Because of his size, Cirigliano was nicknamed “El Gordo” until 2008, when he had a gastric bypass operation and lost a good deal of weight.


title: Stainforth, North Yorkshire

abstract: Stainforth is a village and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England. It is situated north of Settle. Nearby there is a waterfall, Stainforth Force, where the river falls over limestone ledges into a deep, broad pool which can be accessed by walking a short way from the village. There was a Youth Hostel at Taitlands between 1942 and 2007.

text:
# Stainforth, North Yorkshire

**Stainforth** is a village and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England. It is situated north of Settle. Nearby there is a waterfall, Stainforth Force, where the river falls over limestone ledges into a deep, broad pool which can be accessed by walking a short way from the village. There was a Youth Hostel at Taitlands between 1942 and 2007.

## History

Its name derives from the 'stony ford' which linked two settlements half a mile apart on opposite banks of the River Ribble north of Settle. Stainforth, on the eastern side, was formerly owned by Sawley Abbey, whose monks developed the estate which prospered, while Little Stainforth, under private ownership, declined. In 1595 Edward Darcy received from four trustees acting for the previous owner the manor of Stainforth Underbargh and 20 dwelling houses with lands there. He was Groom of the Chamber to Elizabeth I and was knighted eight years later. In the 1670s, Samuel Watson replaced the ford by a packhorse bridge whose arch spans a wooded stretch of the river, and a grassy patch leads downstream to Stainforth Force. In Little Stainforth the three-storey Stainforth Hall was built at the same time and is now occupied as a farmhouse.

Media related to Stainforth, North Yorkshire at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Stainforth | |
| --- | --- |
| Stainforth | |
| StainforthLocation within North Yorkshire | |
| Population | 231 |
| OS grid reference | SD821673 |
| Civil parish | * Stainforth |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | SETTLE |
| Postcode district | BD24 |
|  | |
| Police | North Yorkshire |
| Fire | North Yorkshire |
| Ambulance | Yorkshire |
|  | |
|


title: Classic 100 Ten Years On

abstract: During 2010 the Australian radio station ABC Classic FM held a Classic 100 Ten Years On countdown. The survey recreated the Classic 100 Original countdown held in 2001. Voting for the countdown was held between 11 September 2010 and 1 October 2010, with each listener being permitted to vote for up to 10 works. The broadcasting of the results of the countdown began on 30 October 2010 and concluded on 7 November 2010.

text:
# Classic 100 Ten Years On

During 2010 the Australian radio station ABC Classic FM held a **Classic 100 Ten Years On** countdown. The survey recreated the *Classic 100 Original* countdown held in 2001.

Voting for the countdown was held between 11 September 2010 and 1 October 2010, with each listener being permitted to vote for up to 10 works. The broadcasting of the results of the countdown began on 30 October 2010 and concluded on 7 November 2010.

## Countdown results

The results of countdown are as follows:

| Rank | Composer | Work | Genre | Key | Opus | Completed | Rank in the original 100 | Change in rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 100 | Mozart | Symphony No. 40 | Symphony | G minor | K. 550 | 1788 |  |  |
| 99 | Schubert | Adagio for piano trio (*Notturno*) | Trio | E-flat major | D. 897 | 1821 | 17 | -82 |
| 98 | Strauss, R | Songs with Orchestra* | Song |  |  | 1899 |  |  |
| 97 | Mozart | *Così fan tutte* | Opera |  | K. 588 | 1789 | 85 | -12 |
| 96 | Górecki | Symphony No. 3 (*Symphony of Sorrowful Songs*) | Symphony |  | Op. 36 | 1976 |  |  |
| 95 | Giazotto (attrib. Albinoni) | Adagio for strings and organ | Adagio | G minor | T. Mi 26 | 1958 | 94 | -1 |
| 94 | Chopin | Piano Concerto No. 1 | Concerto | E minor | Op. 11 | 1830 | 71 | -23 |
| 93 | Mozart | Clarinet Quintet | Quintet | A major | K. 581 | 1789 | 84 | -9 |
| 92 | Handel | *Zadok the Priest* | Anthem | D major | HWV 258 | 1727 | 95 | +3 |
| 91 | Sibelius | Symphony No. 5 | Symphony | E-flat major | Op. 82 | 1919 |  |  |
| 90 | Brahms | Piano Concerto No. 2 | Concerto | B-flat major | Op. 83 | 1881 |  |  |
| 89 | Purcell | *Dido and Aeneas* | Opera |  | Z. 626 | 1688 | 92 | +3 |
| 88 | Mascagni | *Cavalleria rusticana* | Opera |  |  | 1890 | 30 | -58 |
| 87 | Tallis | *Spem in alium* | Motet |  |  | 1570 |  |  |
| 86 | Smetana | *My Country—Vltava* | Symphonic poem | E minor | T. 111 | 1874 | 60 | -26 |
| 85 | Schubert | Symphony No. 9 (*Great*) | Symphony | C major | D. 944 | 1840 |  |  |
| 84 | Khachaturian | *Spartacus* | Orchestral suite |  |  | 1954 | 99 | +15 |
| 83 | Rachmaninoff | Symphony No. 2 | Symphony | E minor | Op. 27 | 1907 |  |  |
| 82 | Brahms | Violin Concerto in D | Concerto | D major | Op. 77 | 1878 |  |  |
| 81 | Puccini | *Madama Butterfly* | Opera |  |  | 1904 | 38 | -43 |
| 80 | Berlioz | *Symphonie fantastique* | Symphony |  | Op. 14 | 1830 |  |  |
| 79 | Mendelssohn | *Hebrides Overture* | Overture | B minor | Op. 26 | 1830 |  |  |
| 78 | Dvořák | Cello Concerto in B minor | Concerto | B minor | Op. 104 | 1895 |  |  |
| 77 | Beethoven | Triple Concerto | Concerto | C major | Op. 56 | 1803 |  |  |
| 76 | Mozart | *Don Giovanni* | Opera |  | K. 527 | 1787 |  |  |
| 75 | Grieg | *Peer Gynt* | Suite |  | Op. 23 | 1875 | 98 | +23 |
| 74 | Bach, JS | Cello Suite No. 1 | Suite | G major | BWV 1007 | 1723 | 20 | -54 |
| 73 | Tchaikovsky | *The Nutcracker* | Suite |  | Op. 71a | 1891 |  |  |
| 72 | Rimsky-Korsakov | *Scheherazade* | Symphonic suite |  | Op. 35 | 1888 |  |  |
| 71 | Massenet | *Méditation* (from *Thaïs*) | Symphonic intermezzo |  |  | 1894 | 39 | -32 |
| 70 | Mendelssohn | *A Midsummer Night's Dream* | Overture & incidental music |  | Op. 21, 61 | 1842 |  |  |
| 69 | Mussorgsky (orch. Ravel) | *Pictures at an Exhibition* | Suite |  |  | 1874 |  |  |
| 68 | Tchaikovsky | Symphony No. 5 | Symphony | E minor | Op. 64 | 1888 |  |  |
| 67 | Mahler | Symphony No. 1 (*Titan*) | Symphony | D major |  | 1888 |  |  |
| 66 | Stravinsky | *The Rite of Spring* | Ballet |  |  | 1913 | 97 | +31 |
| 65 | Schubert | String Quartet No. 14 (*Death and the Maiden*) | Quartet | D minor | D. 810 | 1824 |  |  |
| 64 | Grieg | Piano Concerto in A minor | Concerto | A minor | Op. 16 | 1868 | 68 | +4 |
| 63 | Barber | *Adagio for Strings* | Orchestral | B-flat major | Op. 11a | 1936 | 36 | -27 |
| 62 | Orff | *Carmina Burana* | Cantata |  |  | 1937 | 83 | +21 |
| 61 | Satie | *Gymnopédies* | Unaccompanied piano |  |  | 1888 | 82 | +21 |
| 60 | Mozart | *Ave verum corpus* | Motet | D major | K. 618 | 1791 | 57 | -3 |
| 59 | Tchaikovsky | Violin Concerto in D | Concerto | D major | Op. 35 | 1878 | 91 | +32 |
| 58 | Mahler | Symphony No. 5 | Symphony | C-sharp minor |  | 1902 | 43 | -15 |
| 57 | Sibelius | *Finlandia* | Symphonic poem |  | Op. 26 | 1900 | 90 | +33 |
| 56 | Ravel | *Boléro* | Orchestral dance | C major |  | 1928 | 81 | +25 |
| 55 | Debussy | *Claire de lune* | Suite for piano |  |  | 1905 | 93 | +38 |
| 54 | Sibelius | Violin Concerto in D minor | Concerto | D minor | Op. 47 | 1903 |  |  |
| 53 | Bach, JS | *Goldberg Variations* | Theme and variations |  | BWV 988 | 1741 | 56 | +3 |
| 52 | Tchaikovsky | *1812 Overture* | Overture | E-flat major | Op. 49 | 1880 | 61 | +9 |
| 51 | Rachmaninoff | *Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini* | Concertante | A minor | Op. 43 | 1934 | 51 | 0 |
| 50 | Pachelbel | *Pachelbel's Canon* | Canon and gigue | D major | PWC 38 | 1694 | 23 | -27 |
| 49 | Beethoven | Piano Concerto No. 4 | Concerto | G major | Op. 58 | 1806 | 87 | +38 |
| 48 | Bach, JS | Cantata 147 (including *Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring*) | Cantata |  | BWV 147 | 1716 | 11 | -37 |
| 47 | Prokofiev | *Romeo and Juliet* | Ballet |  | Op. 64 | 1935 | 58 | +11 |
| 46 | Bach, JS | Mass in B minor | Mass | B minor | BWV 232 | 1749 | 29 | -17 |
| 45 | Bach, JS | Toccata and Fugue | Toccata and Fugue | D minor | BWV 565 | 1707 | 79 | +34 |
| 44 | Puccini | *La bohème* | Opera |  |  | 1896 | 33 | -11 |
| 43 | Mahler | Symphony No. 2 (*Resurrection*) | Symphony | C minor |  | 1894 | 62 | +19 |
| 42 | Schubert | String quintet | Quintet | C major | D. 956 | 1828 | 28 | -14 |
| 41 | Bizet | *Carmen* | Opera |  |  | 1875 |  |  |
| 40 | Tchaikovsky | *Swan Lake* | Ballet |  | Op. 20 | 1876 |  |  |
| 39 | Sibelius | Symphony No. 2 | Symphony | D major | Op. 43 | 1902 |  |  |
| 38 | Bach, JS | Double Violin Concerto | Concerto | D minor | BWV 1043 | 1731 | 35 | -3 |
| 37 | Rachmaninoff | Piano Concerto No. 3 | Concerto | D minor | Op. 30 | 1909 |  |  |
| 36 | Gershwin | *Rhapsody in Blue* | Concerto | B-flat major |  | 1924 | 73 | +37 |
| 35 | Allegri | *Miserere mei, Deus* | Setting (Psalm) |  |  | 1630 | 9 | -26 |
| 34 | Mozart | Piano Concerto No. 21 | Concerto | C major | K.467 | 1785 | 31 | -3 |
| 33 | Strauss, R | *Four Last Songs* | Song |  | TrV 296 | 1948 | 10 | -23 |
| 32 | Mendelssohn | Violin Concerto | Concerto | E minor | Op. 64 | 1844 | 89 | +57 |
| 31 | Beethoven | Symphony No. 3 (*Eroica*) | Symphony | E-flat major | Op. 55 | 1804 | 40 | +9 |
| 30 | Pärt | *Spiegel im Spiegel* |  | F major |  | 1978 |  |  |
| 29 | Tchaikovsky | Piano Concerto No. 1 | Concerto | B-flat minor | Op. 23 | 1875 | 74 | +45 |
| 28 | Tchaikovsky | Symphony No. 6 (*Pathétique*) | Symphony | B minor | Op. 74 | 1893 |  |  |
| 27 | Mozart | *The Marriage of Figaro* | Opera |  | K. 492 | 1786 | 67 | +40 |
| 26 | Fauré | Requiem Mass | Mass | D minor | Op. 48 | 1890 | 15 | -11 |
| 25 | Bizet | *The Pearl Fishers* | Opera |  |  | 1863 | 7 | -18 |
| 24 | Elgar | *Enigma Variations* | Theme and variations |  | Op. 36 | 1899 | 24 | 0 |
| 23 | Mozart | *The Magic Flute* | Opera |  | K. 620 | 1791 | 54 | +31 |
| 22 | Rodrigo | *Concierto de Aranjuez* | Concerto |  |  | 1939 | 21 | -1 |
| 21 | Beethoven | Symphony No. 5 | Symphony | C minor | Op. 67 | 1808 | 42 | +21 |
| 20 | Vaughan Williams | *Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis* | Fantasia |  |  | 1910 | 25 | +5 |
| 19 | Holst | *The Planets* | Suite |  | Op. 32 | 1916 | 49 | +30 |
| 18 | Beethoven | Piano Sonata No. 14 (*Moonlight*) | Sonata | C-sharp minor | Op. 27 No. 2 | 1801 | 27 | +9 |
| 17 | Schubert | Piano Quintet (*Trout*) | Quintet | A major | D. 667 | 1819 | 18 | +1 |
| 16 | Beethoven | Symphony No. 7 | Symphony | A major | Op. 92 | 1811 | 80 | +64 |
| 15 | Bach, JS | *St Matthew Passion* | Setting |  | BWV 244 | 1727 | 12 | -3 |
| 14 | Vaughan Williams | *The Lark Ascending* |  |  |  | 1914 | 2 | -12 |
| 13 | Saint-Saëns | Symphony No. 3 (*Organ Symphony*) | Symphony | C minor | Op. 78 | 1886 | 45 | +32 |
| 12 | Vivaldi | *The Four Seasons* | Concerto |  | Op. 8 | 1723 | 16 | +4 |
| 11 | Bruch | Violin Concerto No. 1 | Concerto | G minor | Op. 26 | 1866 | 14 | +3 |
| 10 | Elgar | Cello Concerto | Concerto | E minor | Op. 85 | 1919 | 19 | +9 |
| 9 | Beethoven | Violin Concerto | Concerto | D major | Op. 61 | 1806 | 5 | -4 |
| 8 | Mozart | Requiem Mass | Mass | D minor | K. 626 | 1791 | 32 | +24 |
| 7 | Rachmaninoff | Piano Concerto No. 2 | Concerto | C minor | Op. 18 | 1901 | 13 | +6 |
| 6 | Dvořák | Symphony No. 9 (*New World Symphony*) | Symphony | E minor | Op. 95 | 1893 | 52 | +46 |
| 5 | Handel | *Messiah* | Oratorio |  | HWV 56 | 1741 | 8 | +3 |
| 4 | Mozart | Clarinet Concerto | Concerto | A major | K. 622 | 1791 | 1 | -3 |
| 3 | Beethoven | Symphony No. 6 (*Pastoral Symphony*) | Symphony | F major | Op. 68 | 1808 | 6 | +3 |
| 2 | Beethoven | Piano Concerto No. 5 (*Emperor Concerto*) | Concerto | E-flat major | Op. 73 | 1811 | 4 | +2 |
| 1 | Beethoven | Symphony No. 9 (*Choral*) | Symphony | D minor | Op. 125 | 1824 | 3 | +2 |

* The following six songs were broadcast as No. 98 in the countdown:

* *Cäcilie* – Opus 27 No. 2 (1894).
* *Ruhe, meine Seele!* – Opus 27 No. 1 (1894).
* *Morgen!* – Opus 27 No. 4 (1894).
* *Meinem Kinde* – Opus 37 No. 3 (1898).
* *Wiegenlied* – Opus 41 No. 1 (1899).
* *Zueignung* – Opus 10 No. 1 (1885).

## Programming

For more information about the works broadcast (including performers and recording details), see ABC Classic FM's programming notes:

## By Composer

The following 48 composers were featured in the countdown:

| Composer | Nationality | Works* | Works in original survey |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Albinoni | Italian | 1 | 1 |
| Allegri | Italian | 1 | 1 |
| Bach, JS | German | 7 | 13 |
| Barber | American | 1 | 1 |
| Beethoven | German | 10 | 11 |
| Berlioz | French | 1 | 0 |
| Bizet | French | 2 | 1 |
| Brahms | German | 2 | 0 |
| Bruch | German | 1 | 1 |
| Chopin | Polish-French | 1 | 1 |
| Debussy | French | 1 | 1 |
| Dvořák | Czech | 2 | 2 |
| Elgar | English | 2 | 4 |
| Fauré | French | 1 | 2 |
| Gershwin | American | 1 | 1 |
| Giazotto | Italian | 1 | 1 |
| Górecki | Polish | 1 | 0 |
| Grieg | Norwegian | 2 | 2 |
| Handel | German-British | 2 | 3 |
| Holst | English | 1 | 1 |
| Khachaturian | Armenian | 1 | 1 |
| Mahler | Austrian | 3 | 3 |
| Mascagni | Italian | 1 | 1 |
| Massenet | French | 1 | 1 |
| Mendelssohn | German | 3 | 1 |
| Mozart | Austrian | 10 | 11 |
| Mussorgsky | Russian | 1 | 0 |
| Orff | German | 1 | 1 |
| Pachelbel | German | 1 | 1 |
| Pärt | Estonian | 1 | 0 |
| Prokofiev | Russian | 1 | 1 |
| Puccini | Italian | 2 | 3 |
| Purcell | English | 1 | 1 |
| Rachmaninoff | Russian | 4 | 2 |
| Ravel | French | 2 | 1 |
| Rimsky-Korsakov | Russian | 1 | 0 |
| Rodrigo | Spanish | 1 | 1 |
| Saint-Saëns | French | 1 | 2 |
| Satie | French | 1 | 1 |
| Schubert | Austrian | 5 | 5 |
| Sibelius | Finnish | 4 | 1 |
| Smetana | Czech | 1 | 1 |
| Strauss, R | German | 2 | 1 |
| Stravinsky | Russian | 1 | 1 |
| Tallis | English | 1 | 0 |
| Tchaikovsky | Russian | 7 | 3 |
| Vivaldi | Italian | 1 | 1 |
| Vaughan Williams | English | 2 | 2 |

* Note that the number of works above totals to two more than the number of works in the countdown due to:

* Albinoni and Giazotto being entered separately for the same work.
* Mussorgsky and Ravel being entered separately for the same work.

## Original Classic 100 survey

The Original Classic 100 countdown was held in 2001. The following 28 works from the original did not appear in the 2010 countdown.

| Rank | Composer | Work |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 22 | Bach | Brandenburg Concertos |
| 26 | Mozart | Piano Concerto No. 23 |
| 34 | Bach | *Air on the G-String* |
| 37 | Verdi | *Nabucco* |
| 41 | Schubert | *To Music* |
| 44 | Verdi | Requiem |
| 46 | Gluck | "Che farò senza Euridice" from *Orpheus and Euridice* |
| 47 | Wagner | Liebestod from *Tristan und Isolde* |
| 48 | Mozart | *Eine kleine Nachtmusik* |
| 50 | Saint-Saëns | "The Swan" from *The Carnival of the Animals* |
| 53 | Handel | *Xerxes* |
| 55 | Dvořák | "Song to the Moon" from *Rusalka* |
| 59 | Elgar | *Pomp and Circumstance* |
| 63 | Bach | Cantata No. 78, *Jesu, der du meine Seele* |
| 64 | Litolff | Concerto symphonique No. 4 in D minor, Scherzo |
| 65 | Elgar | *Sea Pictures* |
| 66 | Caccini, G | *Ave Maria* |
| 69 | Beethoven | Piano Trio (Archduke) |
| 70 | Bach | *Christmas Oratorio* |
| 72 | Bach | Chaconne from Partita for Violin No. 2 |
| 75 | Verdi | *La traviata* |
| 76 | Mahler | Symphony No. 8 in E-flat major |
| 77 | Schubert | Impromptu No. 3 in G flat |
| 78 | Puccini | "O mio babbino caro" from *Gianni Schicchi* |
| 86 | Beethoven | Piano Sonata No. 8 in C minor (*Pathétique*) |
| 88 | Bach | *The Well-Tempered Clavier* |
| 96 | Mozart | Piano Concerto No. 20 in D minor |
| 100 | Fauré | *Cantique de Jean Racine* |

The following composers included in the 2001 countdown did not appear in the 2010 countdown:

*As of 18 March 2011, this article is derived in whole or in part from* abc.net.au*. The copyright holder has licensed the content in a manner that permits reuse under CC BY-SA 3.0 and GFDL. All relevant terms must be followed. The original text was at "Classic 100 Ten Years On"*