title: Polytechnic University of San-Pédro

abstract: The University of Polytechnics of San-Pédro (UPSP) is a public university located in the city of San-Pédro in the San-Pédro region in Côte d'Ivoire.

text:
# Polytechnic University of San-Pédro

The **University of Polytechnics of San-Pédro (UPSP)** is a public university located in the city of San-Pédro in the San-Pédro region (Bas-Sassandra District) in Côte d'Ivoire.

## History

On 30 November 2018, the foundation stone for the infrastructure was laid by the late Prime Minister Amadou Gon Coulibaly. With more than 400 students, the university opened its doors on 19 October 2021, and will ultimately accommodate over 20,000 students. The goal is to increase the capacity of higher education and, above all, to specialize young people to make them competent actors for the development of each region of the country. The President of the university is Professor Méké Meïté, appointed in 2021.

Established by decree 02021-278 on 9 June 2021, the University of San Pedro is a public administrative institution of higher education and multidisciplinary research. It is part of the university decentralization policy (PDU) initiated by the Ivorian State since 2011.

The total cost of constructing the University of San Pédro is 184 billion CFA francs.

## Mission

Located in the economically promising Southwest region, the University of San-Pédro places central importance on sustainable development. This orientation stems from economic and environmental imperatives related to fundamental values such as openness, excellence, sustainability, and humanity. The university operates within a complex context marked by challenges such as student population growth, university decentralization with program diversification, the creation of institutions fostering local and national development, and the public authorities' desire for higher education focused on new technologies and innovative programs to stimulate the economy.

The main mission of the University of Polytechnics of San-Pédro is therefore to ensure the education of new generations of students in harmony with the economic capacities of the Southwest region. Its clear objective is to contribute to the development of Côte d'Ivoire in general and to highlight regional potential by providing professionally trained individuals in specific fields. While the strength of a university lies in offering programs leading to internationally recognized degrees, it is equally essential that Ivorian graduates be competent not only in Côte d'Ivoire but also internationally. This is why we aspire to make the University of Polytechnics of San-Pédro an attractive institution of higher education and scientific research, both nationally and internationally.

To achieve its secondary missions, the University of Polytechnics of San-Pédro trains qualified professionals in scientific and technical fields, tailored to the economic challenges of Côte d'Ivoire and Africa, aware of their responsibilities towards their communities, and capable of embodying the values of work, citizenship, and unity. It encourages research in the fields of science, technology, digital, culture, and society.

## Academic structure

The University Polytechnique of San-Pédro (UPSP) is a thematic university pole with innovative training offered by four Training and Research Units (UFRs):

* UFR Agriculture, Fisheries Resources and Agro-industry to meet the need for human resources in the country's major industries.
* UFR Marine Sciences to train highly qualified students in oceanography, marine resources, and coastal sciences.
* UFR Logistics, Tourism, Hotel-Restaurant to meet the challenge of qualifying personnel in the Ivorian tourism sector and support Côte d'Ivoire's ambition to become the 5th African tourist destination by 2025.
* UFR Health Sciences in Côte d'Ivoire for the training of general practitioners.

The university also includes a Preparatory Class for Grandes Écoles (CPGE): Mathematics, Physics and Engineering Sciences (MPSI) and two Engineering Schools, including the School of Engineering in Building and Public Works and the School of Engineering in Shipbuilding.

## InfoBox

University of Polytechnics of San-Pédro
| Université Polytechnique de San Pedro | |
| --- | --- |
| Library of the University of San-Pedro in 2024 | |
| Type | Public university |
| Established | 2021 (2021) |
| President | Prof. Méké Meïté |
| Students | Approximately 600 (2021) |
| Location | San-Pédro, Bas-Sassandra District, Côte d'Ivoire<br>4°47′10″N 6°41′53″W / 4.786°N 6.698°W / 4.786; -6.698 |
| Campus | Urban, San-Pédro |
| Language | French |
| Affiliations | Agence universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF) |
| Website | Official website |


title: Kroczyce

abstract: Kroczyce is a village in Zawiercie County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Kroczyce. It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north-east of Zawiercie and 54 km (34 mi) north-east of the regional capital Katowice.

text:
# Kroczyce

**Kroczyce** \[krɔˈt͡ʂɨt͡sɛ\] is a village in Zawiercie County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Kroczyce. It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north-east of Zawiercie and 54 km (34 mi) north-east of the regional capital Katowice.

## InfoBox

| Kroczyce | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Kroczyce | |
| Coordinates: 50°33′49″N 19°34′14″E / 50.56361°N 19.57056°E / 50.56361; 19.57056 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Silesian |
| County | Zawiercie |
| Gmina | Kroczyce |
| Population | 1,500 |


title: 12 Step Program (album)

abstract: 12 Step Program is the ninth album by the People Under the Stairs. It is the second album entirely self-distributed using Thes One's artist-cooperative label, Piecelock 70, and it is also the group's shortest record to be marketed as a full-length album upon its release. 12 Step Program is also the group's first album since their second album, Question in the Form of an Answer, that uses only samples and no live instrumentation. Despite not having a physical release, the track "1 Up Til Sun Up" was the lead single from the album. A music video for the song was released on April 7, 2014, the same day that iTunes debuted the song and began accepting pre-orders for 12 Step Program. Upon the album release, PUTS embarked on a North American tour in support of the album, with plans to visit other countries later in the year.

text:
# 12 Step Program (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | (positive) |
| HipHopSite.com |  |
| KevinNottingham.com |  |

***12 Step Program*** (also stylized as **12SP**) is the ninth album by the People Under the Stairs. It is the second album entirely self-distributed using Thes One's artist-cooperative label, Piecelock 70, and it is also the group's shortest record to be marketed as a full-length album upon its release. (The group's fifth album, *...Or Stay Tuned*, while shorter, was initially marketed as an EP.) *12 Step Program* is also the group's first album since their second album, *Question in the Form of an Answer*, that uses only samples and no live instrumentation.

Despite not having a physical release, the track "1 Up Til Sun Up" was the lead single from the album. A music video for the song was released on April 7, 2014, the same day that iTunes debuted the song and began accepting pre-orders for *12 Step Program*.

Upon the album release, PUTS embarked on a North American tour in support of the album, with plans to visit other countries later in the year.

## Recording

People Under the Stairs recorded most of the album in Los Angeles at their home studios in between tour dates in late 2013 and early 2014. On January 28, 2014, Thes One announced on social media that People Under the Stairs' ninth full-length album would be titled *12 Step Program*.

Some of the final mixing work was performed in March while the group played festivals in Texas, including the Paste Untapped Indie Music & Beer Festival in Fort Worth and SXSW in Austin.

## Release and reception

Recognizing the current dominance of digital music and the growing trend away from physical media, only a limited number of LP records, cassette tapes and compact discs were produced for *12 Step Program*. The album itself has an orange and blue color scheme, which carried over to the double-record set, which includes one orange and one blue translucent vinyl and a large 24-page booklet, as well as the cassette tape (a first for PUTS), produced in translucent blue with orange lettering.

A week before the album's release on May 6, 2014, pre-orders for the physical copies were announced on the band's official website, and over the next 24 hours, the website's server crashed 4 times due to eager fans attempts to obtain the album. The earliest crashes even delayed the album's release for nearly half a day.

*12 Step Program* debuted at #56 on the iTunes charts, #7 on the iTunes rap charts, #11 on the Billboard Heatseeker charts, and #33 on the Billboard R&B/Rap Album charts.

Album reviews have been positive. Allmusic highly recommends the album and calls "every sample perfectly placed and every rhyme on point", while HipHopSite.com calls *12 Step Program* "smoothly produced" with "many moments of subtle brilliance".

## Track listing

All songs written by Christopher "Thes One" Portugal and Michael "Double K" Turner.

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Roundabouts" | 3:57 |
| 2. | "Ste. For Reefer" | 7:10 |
| 3. | "1 Up Til Sun Up" | 3:59 |
| 4. | "Cool Story Bro" | 4:17 |
| 5. | "The Strand" | 3:46 |
| 6. | "LA Nights" | 5:15 |
| 7. | "Get Hip" | 3:05 |
| 8. | "Pictures On My Wall" | 4:37 |
| 9. | "Breakup Music" | 3:31 |
| 10. | "Yes I Can" | 2:34 |
| 11. | "Umbrellas (God Forgive Me)" | 4:00 |
| 12. | "Doctor Feelgood" | 4:06 |

## InfoBox

| 12 Step Program | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by People Under the Stairs | |
| Released | May 6, 2014 |
| Recorded | 2013–2014, Los Angeles, California |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Length | 50:11 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
| People Under the Stairs chronology | |
| *Highlighter*
(2011) ***12 Step Program***
(2014) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *12 Step Program* | |
| 1. "1 Up Til Sun Up"
Released: April 7, 2014 | |
|  | |


title: UEFA Women's Euro 1995 final

abstract: The UEFA Women's Euro 1995 final was an association football match on 26 March 1995 at Fritz-Walter-Stadion in Kaiserslautern, Germany, to determine the winner of UEFA Women's Euro 1995.

text:
# UEFA Women's Euro 1995 final

The **UEFA Women's Euro 1995 final** was an association football match on 26 March 1995 at Fritz-Walter-Stadion in Kaiserslautern, Germany, to determine the winner of UEFA Women's Euro 1995.

## Background

### Germany

Germany defeated England over 2-legged tie to reach the final.

### Sweden

Sweden defeated Norway over 2-legged tie to reach the final.

## Match

### Summary

Germany won a closely contested match against Sweden 3-2.

## Final

| Germany | 3–2 | Sweden |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Meinert  33'
Prinz  64'
Wiegmann  85' | DFB Report
(in German)
SvFF Report
(in Swedish)
Report | Andersson  6'
Andelén  89' |

Fritz-Walter-Stadion, KaiserslauternAttendance: 8,500Referee: Ilkka Koho (Finland)

## InfoBox

UEFA Women's Euro 1995 final
| Event | UEFA Women's Euro 1995 |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Date | 26 March 1995 |
| Venue | Fritz-Walter-Stadion, Kaiserslautern |
| Referee | Ilkka Koho (Finland) |
| Attendance | 8,500 |
|


title: Swamp nightjar

abstract: The swamp nightjar or Natal nightjar is a crepuscular and nocturnal bird in the nightjar family found in Africa.

text:
# Swamp nightjar

The **swamp nightjar** or **Natal nightjar** (***Caprimulgus natalensis***) is a crepuscular and nocturnal bird in the nightjar family found in Africa.

## Distribution and habitat

It is found in Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Africa, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The swamp nightjar can be found in swamps, marshes and bogs, but also in forest edges.

## InfoBox

| Swamp nightjar | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Caprimulgus natalensis accrae* | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| *Clade*: | Strisores |
| Order: | Caprimulgiformes |
| Family: | Caprimulgidae |
| Genus: | *Caprimulgus* |
| Species: | ***C. natalensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Caprimulgus natalensis***
Smith, 1845 | |
|


title: British Nordic speedway final

abstract: The British Nordic final was a short lived Motorcycle speedway final sanctioned by the FIM as a qualifying round for the Speedway World Championship. Introduced to the World Championship in the 1966, it served as a qualifying round for the European final, which was in turn the final qualifying round for the World final. The race consisted of British, Commonwealth and Scandinavian riders but in 1974 riders from the United States also competed. The Intercontinental final was inaugurated in 1975 effectively replacing this event.

text:
# British Nordic speedway final

The **British Nordic final** was a short lived Motorcycle speedway final sanctioned by the FIM as a qualifying round for the Speedway World Championship.

Introduced to the World Championship in the 1966, it served as a qualifying round for the European final, which was in turn the final qualifying round for the World final. The race consisted of British, Commonwealth and Scandinavian riders but in 1974 riders from the United States also competed. The Intercontinental final was inaugurated in 1975 effectively replacing this event.

## Winners

| **Year** | **Venue** | **Winner** | **Runner-up** | **3rd place** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1966 | Sheffield
Owlerton Stadium | Barry Briggs | Ivan Mauger | Nigel Boocock |
| 1968 | London
West Ham Stadium | Ivan Mauger | Nigel Boocock | Reidar Eide |
| 1970 | Coventry
Brandon Stadium | Sören Sjösten | Ole Olsen | Barry Briggs |
| 1971 | Glasgow
Hampden Park | Ivan Mauger | Ole Olsen | Ray Wilson |
| 1973 | Coventry
Brandon Stadium | Anders Michanek | Ole Olsen | Ivan Mauger |
| 1974 | Fredericia
Fredericia Stadium | Ole Olsen | Ivan Mauger | John Louis |


title: Cahiers d'art

abstract: Cahiers d'Art is a French artistic and literary journal founded in 1926 by Christian Zervos. Cahiers d'Art is also an eponymous publishing house which has published many monographs on artists living in France in the first half of the twentieth century. Publications include the definitive catalogue of works by Pablo Picasso, Pablo Picasso par Christian Zervos, in 33 volumes, with over 16,000 images. Cahiers d'Art carries no advertising and is published on an irregular schedule.

text:
# Cahiers d'art

***Cahiers d'Art*** is a French artistic and literary journal founded in 1926 by Christian Zervos. *Cahiers d'Art* is also an eponymous publishing house which has published many monographs on artists living in France in the first half of the twentieth century. Publications include the definitive catalogue of works by Pablo Picasso, *Pablo Picasso par Christian Zervos*, in 33 volumes, with over 16,000 images.

*Cahiers d'Art* carries no advertising and is published on an irregular schedule.

## History

The journal, founded by art critic Christian Zervos in Paris at 14, rue du Dragon in 1926, and was published until 1960. Though publication was interrupted from 1941 to 1943, the first post-war issue was dated 1940–1944 and focused on poets and writers from the Resistance, including Vercors. *Cahiers d'Art* also published selections from poet Paul Éluard's *Open Book I* (1940) and *Open Book II* (1942).

After World War II, the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan was invited by Zervos to publish two articles on logic: *Logical Time and the Assertion of Anticipated Certainty* (1945) and *The Number Thirteen and the Logical Form of Suspicion* (1946). Samuel Beckett also contributed one of his earliest texts in French, *The Painting of Van de Velde or the World and the Pants.*

The journal has been noted for the quality of its articles and illustrations which promoted Modern Art in France for over thirty years. Artists represented include Picasso, Matisse, Fernand Léger, Max Ernst, Raoul Dufy, Marc Chagall, Brâncuși, Van Gogh, Paul Klee, Henri Laurens, Moholy-Nagy, Jean Lurçat, Joan Miró, Calder, Victor Brauner, De Chirico, Wolfgang Paalen, Marcel Duchamp, and Man Ray.

Swedish collector Staffan Ahrenberg purchased the publication and relaunched it in October 2012.

## Since 2012

## Bibliography

* *Matisse. Cahiers d'art, the pivotal 1930's* \- Exhibition catalogue, Coedited by Réunion des musées nationaux - Grand Palais / Musée d'Orsay, 2022
* *Christian Zervos & Cahiers d'Art, the archaic turn*, texts by Polina Kosmadaki, Alexandre Franoux, Panayotis Tournikiotis, Eleni Stavroulaki, Christian Derouet, Ed. Musée Benaki, 2020
* *Zervos and Cahiers d'art, Archives de la Bibliothèque Kandinsky*, by Christian Derouet, Ed.Centre Georges Pompidou, 2011
* *Index général de la revue* Cahiers d'Art*, 1926-1960*, pref. Dora Vallier, Paris, Ed. *Cahiers d'Art,* 1981.

* *The Art Press and Visual Culture in Paris during the Great Depression: Cahiers d'Art, Minotaure and Verve by* Chara Kolokytha in: *Visual Resources, An International Journal of Documentation* 3, vol.29, Sept. 2013, pp. 184–215.
* *Christian Zervos et Cahiers d'art, Archives de la Bibliothèque Kandinsky*by Chara Kolokythain *Konsthistorisk Tidskrift* 4, vol. 82, 2013, pp. 339–342.
* *Christian Zervos et Tériade: deux insulaires grecs à la conquête de l'avant-garde européenne* par Jean-Pierre De Rycke, *Paris - Athènes, 1863 - 1940*, Pinacothèque Nationale et Musée Alexandros Soutzos. Athènes, 2006.
* *Cahiers d'Art and the Evolution of Modernist Painting* by Kim Grant,, *The Journal of Modern Periodical Studies*, v. 1, n. 2, 2010, pp. 216–227.
* *Cahiers d'Art, Musée Zervos à Vézelay*, sous la direction de Christian Derouet, Paris, Hazan, Perrigny, Conseil général de l'Yonne, DL 2006.
* *Zervos, Picasso and Brassaï, ethnographers in the field: a critical collaboration* by Christopher Green, in Malcolm Gee (ed.) *Art criticism since 1900*, Manchester, Dist. by St. Martin's, 1993.
* *Le discours anthropologique dans l'art des années 1920-1930 en France, à travers l'exemple des Cahiers d'art by Valery Dupont,* thèse, 1999, Art et Archéologie, Université de Dijon.

## InfoBox

*Cahiers d'Art*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Editor | Staffan Ahrenberg, Sam Keller, Hans-Ulrich Obrist |
| Former editors | Christian Zervos |
| Frequency | no fixed frequency |
| Founder | Christian Zervos |
| Founded | 1926 |
| Company | Editions Cahiers d'Art SARL |
| Country | France |
| Based in | Paris |
| Language | French, English |
| Website | cahiersdart.fr |


title: Porndemic

abstract: Porndemic is a 2018 documentary film about an HIV outbreak within the pornography industry in California's San Fernando Valley, during the 1990s. The film premiered on Showtime. It was directed by Brendan Spookie Daly and features interviews with several porn actors and actresses, including Tricia Devereaux, Ron Jeremy, and Marc Wallice.

text:
# Porndemic

***Porndemic*** is a 2018 documentary film about an HIV outbreak within the pornography industry in California's San Fernando Valley, during the 1990s. The film premiered on Showtime. It was directed by Brendan Spookie Daly and features interviews with several porn actors and actresses, including Tricia Devereaux, Ron Jeremy, and Marc Wallice.

## InfoBox

| *Porndemic* | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Brendan Spookie Daly |
| Production | |
| Producers | Brendan Spookie Daly<br>Evan Krauss |
| Original release | |
| Release | December 7, 2018 (2018-12-07) |


title: Darkside (Blink-182 song)

abstract: "Darkside" is a song recorded by American rock band Blink-182. The song was released on July 26, 2019 through Columbia Records, as the fourth single from the band's eighth studio album Nine. It was written by bassist Mark Hoppus, drummer Travis Barker, and guitarist Matt Skiba, as well as producer John Feldmann.

text:
# Darkside (Blink-182 song)

"**Darkside**" is a song recorded by American rock band Blink-182. The song was released on July 26, 2019 through Columbia Records, as the fourth single from the band's eighth studio album *Nine*. It was written by bassist Mark Hoppus, drummer Travis Barker, and guitarist Matt Skiba, as well as producer John Feldmann.

## Composition

Jacob Neisewander of *The Observer* described "Darkside", alongside "Pin the Grenade", as the "superior pop-punk jams" on *Nine*. Andrew Sacher of *BrooklynVegan* felt that the song heavily leaned on post-punk. Mike DeWald of *Riff Magazine* noted that the song contains "alt-rock and atmospheric aspects".

## Release

"Darkside" was released on July 26, 2019.

## Music video

The official music video for "Darkside" premiered on August 28, 2019. In the clip, the trio perform at an elementary school, surrounded by children performing dance moves from the online video game *Fortnite*. Everybody in the video is shown wearing red collar shirts. The band promoted the video on social media with the tagline "Here's a video for Darkside with a bunch of kids doing dances we don't know."

The video was poorly received by a large number of fans, who questioned the target audience of Blink-182 as a whole, and felt confused by the video's direction.

## Track listing

* **Digital download**

1. "Darkside" – 3:00

## Personnel

Credits adapted from the album's liner notes.

Blink-182

**Design**

* Chris Feldmann – art direction, design
* Mark Rubbo – CGI and neon design
* RISK – title

**Production**

## Charts

| Chart (2019) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Hot Rock & Alternative Songs (*Billboard*) | 7 |

## InfoBox

| "Darkside" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Blink-182 | |
| from the album  *Nine* | |
| Released | July 26, 2019 (2019-07-26) |
| Studio |  |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 3:00 |
| Label | Columbia |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | John Feldmann |
| Blink-182 singles chronology | |
| "Happy Days"
(2019) "**Darkside**"
(2019) "I Really Wish I Hated You"
(2019) | |


title: Kroczyn

abstract: Kroczyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dorohusk, within Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south-west of Dorohusk, 14 km (9 mi) east of Chełm, and 78 km (48 mi) east of the regional capital Lublin.

text:
# Kroczyn

**Kroczyn** \[ˈkrɔt͡ʂɨn\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dorohusk, within Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south-west of Dorohusk, 14 km (9 mi) east of Chełm, and 78 km (48 mi) east of the regional capital Lublin.

## InfoBox

| Kroczyn | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Kroczyn | |
| Coordinates: 51°7′N 23°40′E / 51.117°N 23.667°E / 51.117; 23.667 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Chełm |
| Gmina | Dorohusk |


title: Seven Ages of Britain (2010 TV series)

abstract: Seven Ages of Britain is a BBC television documentary series written and presented by David Dimbleby. The seven part series was first aired on Sunday nights at 9:00pm on BBC One starting on 31 January 2010. The series covers the history of Britain's greatest art and artefacts over the past 2000 years. Each episode covers a different period in British history. In Australia, all seven episodes aired on ABC1 each Tuesday at 8:30pm from 7 September 2010.

text:
# Seven Ages of Britain (2010 TV series)

***Seven Ages of Britain*** is a BBC television documentary series written and presented by David Dimbleby. The seven part series was first aired on Sunday nights at 9:00pm on BBC One starting on 31 January 2010.

The series covers the history of Britain's greatest art and artefacts over the past 2000 years. Each episode covers a different period in British history. In Australia, all seven episodes aired on ABC1 each Tuesday at 8:30pm from 7 September 2010.

## Production

Originally the series was to air in late 2009, but was later rescheduled to early 2010. The HD edition of the show aired on BBC HD and repeats aired on BBC Two.

In Summer 2009 artist Nathaniel Mellors was commissioned by the BBC to make a short "work of modern art" to introduce the final episode of the series. The resultant work *The Seven Ages of Britain Teaser* features Dimbleby voicing a silicon mask cast from his own face, alongside actors Gwendoline Christie ( as 'The Operator') and Johnny Vivash (as 'Kadmus').

## Episodes

| Episode number | Title | Period covered | Airdate | Viewers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Age of Conquest" | AD 43 – 1066 | 31 January 2010 | 4.2 million (16%) |
| 2 | "Age of Worship" | 1170–1400 | 7 February 2010 | 4.3 million (16%) |
| 3 | "Age of Power" | 1509–1609 | 14 February 2010 | 4.5 million (17.1%) |
| 4 | "Age of Revolution" | 1603–1708 | 28 February 2010 | 4.4 million (16.5%) |
| 5 | "Age of Money" | 1700–1805 | 7 March 2010 | 3.82 million (14.2%) |
| 6 | "Age of Empire" | 1770–1911 | 14 March 2010 | 3.72 million (14.6%) |
| 7 | "Age of Ambition" | 1914 – Now | 21 March 2010 | 3.347 million (12.6%) |

## 2003 Channel 4 series by the same title

Channel 4 had previously aired a series by the same title but covering a broader time period in 2003, presented by Bettany Hughes. The series has since been picked up by the Discovery Channel.

## InfoBox

| *Seven Ages of Britain* | |
| --- | --- |
| The title card of *Seven Ages of Britain* | |
| Genre | Documentary |
| Written by | David Dimbleby |
| Directed by | Jonty Claypole |
| Presented by | David Dimbleby |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Original language | English |
| No. of series | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 7 (list of episodes) |
| Production | |
| Producer | Jonty Claypole |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | BBC One
BBC HD |
| Release | 31 January (2010-01-31)
21 March 2010 (2010-03-21) |


title: John Jebb (bishop)

abstract: John Jebb was an Irish churchman and writer.

text:
# John Jebb (bishop)

**John Jebb** (7 September 1775 – 9 December 1833) was an Irish churchman and writer.

## Biography

John Jebb was born in Drogheda, younger son of John Jebb senior, an alderman of the town of Drogheda, and his second wife Alicia Forster. His father had an estate at Leixlip in County Kildare: his grandfather Richard Jebb had come to Ireland from Nottinghamshire. His father was in reduced financial circumstances for a time, but later recovered his fortunes, and at his death in 1796 he left John £2000 He was educated at the local school in Celbridge, then at Free Grammar School, Derry where he formed a lifelong friendship with the theologian Alexander Knox, and at Trinity College Dublin.

Ordained in 1799, he became curate of Swanlinbar, County Cavan; and in 1801 of Mogorbane, County Tipperary. In 1805 he became private chaplain to Charles Brodrick, Archbishop of Cashel, and in 1809 he became rector of Abingdon, County Limerick, where his curate was Charles Forster, his lifelong friend and first biographer. He spent some time in England, where he became a friend of William Wilberforce and of Hannah More. In 1812 he was seriously injured in a carriage accident; the injuries were poorly treated by his medical advisers, and he probably never fully recovered his health.

In 1821 he became archdeacon of Emly. For his services in maintaining order in the district of Emly during the disturbances that followed the outbreak of famine in the west of Ireland in 1822, he was made Bishop of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe in that year. As bishop, he is credited with raising the academic standard for candidates for holy orders: he often quoted an old saying that candidates might deceive him about their Godliness, but not about their scholarship.

In 1827 he had a stroke, which left him largely incapacitated physically, and afterwards, he spent his time in various places in England, devoting himself to writing, in particular the celebrated correspondence with his friend Alexander Knox, for which he is chiefly remembered. He favoured the High Church approach to ritual and is regarded as a forerunner of the Oxford Movement. He died unmarried in East Hill, near Wandsworth, Surrey. He was remembered as a man of great learning, and a churchman of strong convictions and broad sympathies. His close friend Charles Forster published his *Life of John Jebb* in 1836.

Richard Jebb, justice of the Court of King's Bench (Ireland) (1766-1834) was his elder brother, and a deep affection existed between the two. Richard was the father of John Jebb (1805-1886), canon in residence of Hereford Cathedral.

In character Bishop Jebb was described as a man of great generosity, candour and integrity, modest and unassuming, naturally shy and reserved in manner, but with a keen sense of humour.

## Works

## Bibliography

* Cross, F. L. (ed.) (1957) The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Oxford: U. P.; pp. 716–17
* Mozley, Anne (ed.) *Letters of J. H. Newman*, i. 440, 470, ib. 1890
* DNB, xxix, 259–261


title: Schwarzach (Main)

abstract: Schwarzach is a river of Bavaria, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Main in Schwarzach am Main.

text:
# Schwarzach (Main)

**Schwarzach** is a river of Bavaria, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Main in Schwarzach am Main.

## InfoBox

| Schwarzach | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Bavaria |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Main at Großheubach |
| coordinates | 49°48′18″N 10°13′25″E / 49.8049°N 10.2236°E / 49.8049; 10.2236 |
| Length | 20.1 km (12.5 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | MainRhineNorth Sea |


title: Erythranthe lutea

abstract: Erythranthe lutea is a species of monkeyflower also known as yellow monkeyflower, monkey musk, blotched monkey flowers, and blood-drop-emlets. It was formerly known as Mimulus luteus. It is a perennial native to temperate South America, including Chile and western and southern Argentina.

text:
# Erythranthe lutea

***Erythranthe lutea*** is a species of monkeyflower also known as **yellow monkeyflower**, **monkey musk**, **blotched monkey flowers**, and **blood-drop-emlets**. It was formerly known as *Mimulus luteus*. It is a perennial native to temperate South America, including Chile and western and southern Argentina.

## Description

*E. lutea* blooms in the summer and grows to about 30 centimetres (12 in) in height. The flowers are yellow with irregular red blotches and the leaves are hairy, paired, and round. Because of its yellow petals, *E. luteus* is in the "yellow monkeyflower" group, unlike most members of the genus, which have red or pink petals.

Some sources list *Erythranthe lutea* separately due to chromosomal variations. Barker, etal (2012) proposes a new taxonomy for Phrymaceae, leaving only 7 species in *Mimulus*, none in *Mimulus lutea*, and placing 111 in *Erythranthe*. Barker also offers 4 different options for how to implement this new taxonomy.

The *luteus* group consists of *Erythranthe luteus* var. *variegatus*, *E. naiandinus* and *E. cupreus*.

## Distribution and habitat

*Erythranthe lutea* prefers to grow in wet habitats such as marshes and riverbanks. It is native to temperate South America, including Chile and western and southern Argentina. It has been naturalized in Britain, having been first cultivated there circa 1826.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Erythranthe lutea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Phrymaceae |
| Genus: | *Erythranthe* |
| Species: | ***E. lutea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Erythranthe lutea***<br>(L.) G.L.Nesom (2012) | |
|
| Varieties | |
| * *Erythranthe lutea* var. *lutea* * *Erythranthe lutea* var. *rivularis* (Lindl.) Silverside * *Erythranthe lutea* var. *variegata* (Poit.) G.L.Nesom | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Mimulus luteus* L. (1763) * *M. nummularis* Gay * *M. smithii* Lindl.  and others | |


title: Cryptanthus lutherianus

abstract: Cryptanthus lutherianus is a plant species in the genus Cryptanthus. This species is endemic to Brazil.

text:
# Cryptanthus lutherianus

***Cryptanthus lutherianus*** is a plant species in the genus *Cryptanthus*. This species is endemic to Brazil.

* Martinelli, Gustavo; Vieira, Cláudia Magalhães; Gonzalez, Marcos; Leitman, Paula; Piratininga, Andréa; Costa, Andrea Ferreira da; Forzza, Rafaela Campostrini (January 2008). "Bromeliaceae da Mata Atlântica Brasileira: lista de espécies, distribuição e conservação" \[Bromeliaceae of the brazilian Atlantic Forest: checklist, distribution and conservation\]. *Rodriguésia* (in Brazilian Portuguese). **59** (1): 209–258. doi:10.1590/2175-7860200859114. JSTOR 23499386.

## InfoBox

| *Cryptanthus lutherianus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Genus: | *Cryptanthus* |
| Species: | ***C. lutherianus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cryptanthus lutherianus***<br>I.Ramírez | |
|


title: Saskatchewan Highway 302

abstract: Highway 302 is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from the northern terminal of the Weldon Ferry, which connects to Highway 682 across the South Saskatchewan River, to a dead end near the Nisbet Provincial Forest. It is about 72 kilometres (45 mi) long. Highway 302 goes westward from the South Saskatchewan River, passing near the communities of Birson, Fir Ridge, and Cecil. It then enters the city of Prince Albert as 15th Street. Within Prince Albert, Highway 302 connects with Highway 2 and Highway 3. West of Prince Albert, it passes through the Prince Albert Settlement and near the community of Lily Plain before ending. Highway 302 provides access to La Colle Falls and Saskatchewan River Forks Recreation Site.

text:
# Saskatchewan Highway 302

**Highway 302** is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from the northern terminal of the Weldon Ferry, which connects to Highway 682 across the South Saskatchewan River, to a dead end near the Nisbet Provincial Forest. It is about 72 kilometres (45 mi) long.

Highway 302 goes westward from the South Saskatchewan River, passing near the communities of Birson, Fir Ridge, and Cecil. It then enters the city of Prince Albert as 15th Street. Within Prince Albert, Highway 302 connects with Highway 2 and Highway 3. West of Prince Albert, it passes through the Prince Albert Settlement and near the community of Lily Plain before ending.

Highway 302 provides access to La Colle Falls and Saskatchewan River Forks Recreation Site.

## History

Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation (SHT), now the Ministry of Highways and Infrastructure, undertook a landslide risk management system program to monitor risk sites, applying technological innovations to prevent any further erosion of the riverbank and plan responses to future landslide movement detected by monitors. Highway 302 near Prince Albert along the North Saskatchewan River near the Saskatchewan Penitentiary has experienced retrogressive landslides.

## Major intersections

From west to east:

| Rural municipality | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Duck Lake No. 463 |  | 0.0 | 0.0 | *road* | Hwy 302 western terminus |
| Prince Albert No. 461
 | No major junctions | | | | | | | |
| City of Prince Albert | | 30.4 | 18.9 | 2nd Avenue W (Highway 2) / Highway 3 west La Ronge, Spiritwood, Moose Jaw, Saskatoon | West end of Hwy 3 concurrency |
| | 31.9 | 19.8 | 6th Avenue E (Highway 3 east) Melfort | East end of Hwy 3 concurrency |
| Prince Albert No. 461 |  | 72.2 | 44.9 | Weldon Ferry across the South Saskatchewan River | |
| | | |
To Highway 682 south Weldon | Connection via ferry; Hwy 302 eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Highway 302 | |
| --- | --- |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by Ministry of Highways and Infrastructure | |
| Length | 72.2 km (44.9 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | Near Nisbet Provincial Forest |
| Major intersections | Highway 2 in Prince Albert
Highway 3 in Prince Albert |
| East end | Weldon Ferry |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Saskatchewan |
| Rural municipalities | Duck Lake, Prince Albert |
| Major cities | Prince Albert |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| Highway 301   Highway 303 | |


title: Ponaganset River

abstract: The Ponaganset River is a river in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. It flows approximately 12.5 miles (20.1 km). There are three dams along the river's length.

text:
# Ponaganset River

41°49′55″N 71°43′49″W / 41.8320°N 71.7302°W / 41.8320; -71.7302 The **Ponaganset River** is a river in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. It flows approximately 12.5 miles (20.1 km). There are three dams along the river's length.

## Course

The river's source is Ponaganset Reservoir in Glocester. It then flows roughly southeast through Glocester and Foster, then into Scituate to the Scituate Reservoir. The river used to converge with the Moswansicut River to form the North Branch Pawtuxet River in the area that is now flooded by the reservoir.

## Crossings

Below is a list of all crossings over the Ponaganset River. The list starts at the headwaters and goes downstream.

* Glocester
    + George Allen Road
* Foster
    + Hartford Avenue (RI 101)
    + Winsor Road
    + Pine Tree Road
    + Old Danielson Pike
    + Danielson Pike (U.S. 6)
    + Ram Tail Road
    + Central Pike
* Scituate
    + Ponaganset Road
    + Plainfield Pike (RI 14)

## Tributaries

In addition to many unnamed tributaries, the following brooks feed the Ponaganset:

* Shippee Brook
* Winsor Brook
* Dolly Cole Brook

1. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Ponaganset River
2. U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map, accessed April 1, 2011
3. Governor's Task Force on Dam Safety and Maintenance  Final Report, January 2001


title: Darrell Ourso

abstract: Darrell Ourso is an American politician. He served as a Republican member for the 66th district of the Louisiana House of Representatives. In 2015, Ourso won the 66th district of the Louisiana House of Representatives, running against Buddy Amoroso and Rick Bond. He succeeded Hunter Greene. In 2016, Ourso was succeeded by Rick Edmonds after losing his bid for re-election. He also served as a member of the Baton Rouge Metro Council from 1999 to 2008.

text:
# Darrell Ourso

**Darrell Ourso** is an American politician. He served as a Republican member for the 66th district of the Louisiana House of Representatives.

In 2015, Ourso won the 66th district of the Louisiana House of Representatives, running against Buddy Amoroso and Rick Bond. He succeeded Hunter Greene. In 2016, Ourso was succeeded by Rick Edmonds after losing his bid for re-election. He also served as a member of the Baton Rouge Metro Council from 1999 to 2008.

## InfoBox

| Darrell Ourso | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives
from the 66th district | |
| **In office**
April 2015  January 11, 2016 | |
| Preceded by | Hunter Greene |
| Succeeded by | Rick Edmonds |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Republican |
|  | |


title: Georgetown International Academy

abstract: The Georgetown International Academy is an American private international, coeducational day school in Georgetown, Guyana. Established in 1971, the academy offers an educational program compatible with the United States system from nursery through grade 12. The school year comprises two semesters extending approximately from the end of August to the end of January and from the end of January to the middle of June.

text:
# Georgetown International Academy

The **Georgetown International Academy** is an American private international, coeducational day school in Georgetown, Guyana. Established in 1971, the academy offers an educational program compatible with the United States system from nursery through grade 12.

The school year comprises two semesters extending approximately from the end of August to the end of January and from the end of January to the middle of June.

## Organization

The school is governed by a school board of seven members, elected by parents of the students for a two-year term. The school is incorporated in Guyana and operates within the laws of Guyana.

The curriculum is largely that offered by United States elementary, middle and high schools, with additions intended to assist pupils in understanding Guyana and Caribbean geography and history. Textbooks are current and are from major U.S. educational publishers. The school is fully accredited by AdvancED (Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS)).

## Facilities

The school's previous campus is located at 9-10 Delhi Street, Prashad Nagar, Georgetown, and housed in three buildings, one of which is undergoing extensive renovation. The small campus includes classrooms a science lab, a computer lab, a school library, art and music rooms, physical education and an assembly/lunch area. There are also two play areas including an early-childhood play center.

As of 2023, the school has moved to a new campus near the Giftland mall.

## Community work

In 2016 Georgetown International Academy's Key Club donated G$11 million to Giving Hope Foundation through hosting the Childhood Cancer Awareness Walk.

Official website

## InfoBox

| Georgetown International Academy | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| RV9G+GXR, Georgetown, Guyana
Georgetown
Guyana | |
| Coordinates | 6°49′06″N 58°07′52″W / 6.818258°N 58.131122°W / 6.818258; -58.131122 |
| Information | |
| Other name | GIA |
| Former name | Georgetown American School |
| Type | American private international school |
| Established | 1971 (1971) |
| Oversight | U.S. Department of State Office of Overseas Schools |
| Grades | PreK-12 |
| Enrollment | 209 (2020-2021) |
| Campus type | Suburban |
| Accreditations |  |
| School fees | US$6,200 to US$25,375 |
| Affiliations | Southern Association of Colleges and Schools |
| Website | www.giagy.org |
|  | |


title: Caroline Love Goodwin O'Day

abstract: Caroline Love Goodwin O'Day was an American politician who served four terms in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1935 to 1943. She was the third woman, and first woman Democrat, elected to Congress from New York.

text:
# Caroline Love Goodwin O'Day

**Caroline Love Goodwin O'Day** (June 22, 1869 – January 4, 1943) was an American politician who served four terms in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1935 to 1943. She was the third woman, and first woman Democrat, elected to Congress from New York.

## Life

Caroline Goodwin (or Carrie as she was known to her family) was born June 22, 1869. She was the daughter and first child of Sidney Prior Goodwin, a descendant of Ozias Goodwin who emigrated to Massachusetts from England in 1639; and Mary Elia Warren. Her father was a planter residing in Savannah, Georgia, who served in the Oglethorpe Light Infantry of the Confederate States Army. He surrendered and was paroled in April 1865.

Caroline graduated from Lucy Cobb Institute in Athens, Georgia. She studied art in Paris, Munich, and Holland. On April 20, 1901, she married Daniel O'Day, who served as secretary and treasurer of Standard Oil Company.

She was President of the Rye School Board. She was a commissioner of the State Board of Social Welfare from 1923 to 1934.

She was vice chairwoman of the New York State Democratic Committee from 1916 to 1920, and Associate Chairwoman from 1923 to 1942. She was a delegate to the 1924, 1928, 1932 and 1936 Democratic National Conventions.

### Tenure in Congress

In 1934, 1936, 1938 and 1940, O'Day was elected at-large as a Democrat to the 74th, 75th, 76th and 77th United States Congresses, holding office from January 3, 1935, to January 3, 1943.

While in the House, she was Chairwoman of the Committee on Election of President, Vice President, and Representatives (75th through 77th Congresses). Among the legislation she sponsored or co-sponsored was the Wagner-O'Day Act, the predecessor to the Javits-Wagner-O'Day Act.

In 1939 she criticized the Daughters of the American Revolution when they refused to allow Marian Anderson, who was African-American, to perform at the DAR Constitution Hall.

She died on January 4, 1943, the day after leaving Congress after four terms in office. She was buried at the Kensico Cemetery in Valhalla, New York.

## Legacy

The United States Post Office – Rye was renamed the Caroline O'Day Post Office on October 23, 2010, in recognition of her public service.

## InfoBox

| Caroline O'Day | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from New York's at-large district | |
| **In office**
January 3, 1935  January 3, 1943
Seat 2 | |
| Preceded by | Elmer Studley |
| Succeeded by | Winifred Stanley |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Caroline Love Goodwin
(1869-06-22)June 22, 1869
Perry, Georgia, U.S. |
| Died | January 4, 1943(1943-01-04) (aged 73)
Rye, New York, U.S. |
| Resting place | Kensico Cemetery in Valhalla, New York |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Daniel O'Day |
|  | |


title: Rambler (automobile)

abstract: Rambler is an automobile brand name that was first used by the Thomas B. Jeffery Company between 1900 and 1914. Charles W. Nash bought Jeffery in 1916, and Nash Motors reintroduced the name to the automobile marketplace from 1950 through 1954. The "Rambler" trademark registration for use on automobiles and parts was issued on 9 March 1954 for Nash-Kelvinator. Nash merged with the Hudson Motor Car Company to form American Motors Corporation (AMC) in 1954. The Rambler line of cars continued through the 1969 model year in the United States and 1983 in international markets. Rambler cars were often nicknamed the "Kenosha Cadillac" after the original location and their most significant place of manufacture in the city of Kenosha, Wisconsin.

text:
# Rambler (automobile)

**Rambler** is an automobile brand name that was first used by the Thomas B. Jeffery Company between 1900 and 1914.

Charles W. Nash bought Jeffery in 1916, and Nash Motors reintroduced the name to the automobile marketplace from 1950 through 1954. The "Rambler" trademark registration for use on automobiles and parts was issued on 9 March 1954 for Nash-Kelvinator.

Nash merged with the Hudson Motor Car Company to form American Motors Corporation (AMC) in 1954. The Rambler line of cars continued through the 1969 model year in the United States and 1983 in international markets.

Rambler cars were often nicknamed the "Kenosha Cadillac" after the original location and their most significant place of manufacture in the city of Kenosha, Wisconsin.

## Rambler 1897–1914

The first use of the name Rambler for an American-made automobile dates to 1897 when Thomas B. Jeffery of Chicago, Illinois, builder of the Rambler bicycle, constructed his prototype automobile.

After receiving positive reviews at the 1899 Chicago International Exhibition & Tournament and the first National Automobile Show in New York City, Jeffery entered the automobile business. Following the sudden death of his Rambler partner, R. Philip Gormully, Jeffery sold their bicycle business to the American Bicycle Company, but retained rights to the Rambler name. In 1900, he bought the old Sterling Bicycle Co. factory in Kenosha, Wisconsin, and set up shop.

Thomas Jeffery and his son Charles experimented with such early technical innovations as a steering wheel (as opposed to a tiller), left-hand driving and the engine placement under a hood instead of under the seat, but they was decided that such features were too advanced for the motoring public of the day. The first Ramblers were tiller-steered, right-hand drive, and the single-cylinder engine was positioned under the seat. Rambler innovated various design features and was the first to equip cars with a spare wheel-and-tire assembly. This allowed the driver, when experiencing a flat tire, to exchange the spare wheel and tire for the flat one, rather than patching.

Jeffery started commercially mass-producing automobiles in 1902. By the end of the year the company had produced 1,500 motor cars, priced at $750 (equivalent to $26,412 in 2023), one-sixth of all cars that were manufactured in the U.S. during that year. The Thomas B. Jeffery Company was the second largest auto manufacturer at that time, behind Oldsmobile.

In 1904, Jeffery built 2,342 Ramblers. Higher-powered two-cylinder versions with front-mounted engines and steering wheels were now available. In 1905, the single-cylinder was discontinued, and three larger two-cylinder models priced from $1,200 to $3,000 were offered. A Rambler four-cylinder was introduced in 1906.

New employee Edward S, Jordan, who would later become Jeffery's secretary and general manager, provided advertisement copy such as "The Right Car at the Right Price," “June Time Is Rambler Time,” and other evocative phrases. By 1906, Rambler was considered an industry leader with one of the best-equipped automobile factories. Thomas Jeffery was not interested in increasing mass production and settled into a pattern of producing 2,500 Ramblers a year.

In 1910 all Ramblers were now four-cylinder medium-priced cars. While on vacation in 1910, Thomas B. Jeffery died of a heart attack and his son Charles took over the newly incorporated Thomas B. Jeffery Company. Charles increased annual production by about 500 cars and, in 1912, introduced new Ned Jordan model names such as Cross Country, Country Club, Knickerbocker, and Valkyrie. For 1913 the last Rambler branded models were the Cross Country roadster and touring car, an Inside Drive coupe and the Gotham Limousine, priced from $1,650 (equivalent to $50,867 in 2023) to $2,750, equivalent to $84,778 in 2023.

In 1914, Charles T. Jeffery, Thomas B. Jeffery's son, replaced the Rambler brand name with Jeffery in honor of his now-deceased father.

In 1916, the Thomas B. Jeffery Company was purchased by Charles W. Nash and became Nash Motors Company in 1917. The Jeffery brand name was dropped at the time of the sale. The manufacture of Nash-branded automobiles commenced. In 1937, the concern became the Nash-Kelvinator Corporation through a merger with the major appliance maker.

## Rambler 1950–1957

Under the direction of Charles Nash's successor, George W. Mason, Nash-Kelvinator Corporation began the development of a small car that could be produced inexpensively for the post-World War II economy. Both General Motors and Ford had plans to develop smaller-sized cars after the war, but did not realize them. Moreover, steel shortages following the war limited the amount of raw materials that Nash could obtain. Hence, Mason ordered the development of a "compact car" that would have greater appeal to consumers, because the Crosley in production at that time was considered too small to be practical. The new Nash compact featured a unique convertible design. It included many standard features that were typically options on other cars. This approach maximized profits for the company. Nash-Kelvinator trademarked **Rambler** in 1950, the same nameplate as was used by its predecessor company in the early 1900s.

When introduced, the Rambler was an immediate success for Nash. As the steel quotas related to the Korean War eased, the Rambler line was broadened in its model types, first a station wagon and two-door hardtop (no B-pillar) named "Country Club", and later a two-door sedan. A further expansion of the line for 1954 included a four-door sedan and station wagon called "Cross Country" on a stretched wheelbase, which proved to be as successful as the first generation of two-door sedan convertibles. The Rambler became the most successful of the early post-Second World War American compacts compared to the Henry J (and rebadged Allstate version), Willys Aero, and Hudson Jet.

The first generation of modern Ramblers carried a modified version of Nash's *Airflyte* styling, which included closed wheel openings. While the wheel openings of any car are a major source of wind resistance, the design was rather primarily an engineering design to increase the strength of the car for impact resistance. The engine is positioned between massive inner fender bulges to allow for the skirted front fenders along with a narrow 52.25 in (1,327 mm) front track to provide a turning circle of 37 ft (11.3 m). Ramblers continued to use this styling until 1955 when the front wheels were revealed by a periodic design update.

In 1954 the Rambler offered the first combination heating and air conditioning unit available on American cars. The unit could be an add-on or could be installed at the factory for $395, which at that time was about the lowest-cost unit available in an American car.

In 1954, American Motors Corporation (AMC) was formed from the merger of Nash-Kelvinator and the Hudson Motor Car Company. Following the merger, 1955 and 1956 Ramblers were badged as both Nashes and Hudsons, with no visible differences. Rambler became a marque in its own right for the 1957 model year. The Nash and Hudson makes continued as a "senior" model only through 1957, after which all AMC's offerings were marketed as Ramblers, except the imported 1958–1962 Metropolitan.

## Rambler 1958–1969

At the start of the 1960s, George Romney made a marketing decision that more fully unified the Rambler model names under the Rambler brand. In 1962, the Ambassador, a top-trim level model, was officially brought under the Rambler name (it had previously been named the "Ambassador by Rambler"). The former Rambler Six and Rambler Rebel V8 were renamed the Rambler Classic. While the top-line models for 1958-1961 were advertised as the "Ambassador V-8 by Rambler", but on the cars themselves, the badging was "Rambler Ambassador".

In 1958, AMC re-introduced America's first successful compact car, the Rambler American, after a three-year hiatus. This car was essentially the no-frills, economical 1950 Nash Rambler, but slightly restyled and modernized with a new grille and full cut-out wheel openings. The Recession of 1958 hurt all carmakers except AMC, whose economy-oriented Ramblers saw high demand. The American was an instant success and lost sales only after the "Big Three" (GM, Ford, and Chrysler) each introduced compact cars of their own in the 1960s (GM "X" body, Ford Falcon, and Chrysler A platform).

Romney also put into play his plan to slash production costs, which involved more common parts sharing between the Ambassador and Classic models. Beginning in 1962, all "senior" Rambler models would share the same automobile platform with identical wheelbase and body parts. However, the engines, trims, and equipment levels distinguished the Classic from the Ambassador. The Rambler's compact size (by U.S. standards) also made it an international competitor, and between 1961 and 1965, AMC opened thirteen foreign assembly plants, from Costa Rica to the Philippines.

In 1963, the entire Rambler line received the *Motor Trend* Car of the Year award. However, Romney's departure to become Michigan governor opened the door for his successor, Roy Abernethy, to redirect the company towards a strategy of competing head-to-head with the Big Three (General Motors, Chrysler Corporation, and Ford Motor Company) with a variety of bodies and automobile platforms. This new plan also included marketing the various models apart from the Rambler brand name, which Abernethy thought would be a hindrance in the market segments he hoped to pursue.

One of the first moves in that direction was the development of the 1965 line of Ramblers, which visually split the Classic from the Ambassador while still sharing many parts. Once again, the Ambassador had a unique, extended wheelbase. In addition, AMC introduced the Marlin, a hardtop fastback intended to enter AMC in the youth and personal luxury market segments as well as also positioning it as a "halo" vehicle.

AMC chief stylist Richard Teague introduced a restyled and attractive Rambler American in 1964, which was a sales success. This basic body remained in its original shape through 1969.

Backed by marketing reports, Abernethy next made a persuasive argument to the AMC board that the Rambler name had not only acquired a stodgy image and hindered increasing sales, but that consumers associated it with compact cars. In what hindsight would show to be an ill-conceived decision, American Motors began to phase it out in favor of an AMC marque starting with the 1966 model year as it attempted to become a multiplatform automobile manufacturer.

By 1968, the only vehicle produced by AMC to carry the Rambler marque was the compact Rambler American. Although designed as a "basic" economy car, the American spawned the audacious **SC/Rambler**, developed with Hurst Performance. While AMC planned to produce only 500 for the 1969 model year, the "*Scrambler*" proved popular so two more groups of about 500 each were built. All featured the same 390 cu in (6.4 L) V8, four-barrel carburetor, and close-ratio four-speed transmission of the AMX, plus Hurst shifter, Twin-Grip (limited slip) differential, and cold air hood.

For the final year in 1969, the "American" line was called Rambler. The 1969 Rambler (and Chevrolet Corvair and Dodge Dart) were the only U.S. compact cars available that year in a two-door hardtop body style; Ford compacts were only available as sedans.

The last U.S.-built Rambler, of over 4.2 million cars that carried the Rambler name that rolled off the assembly line in Kenosha, was produced on 30 June 1969.

## Rambler 1970–1983

The Rambler marque was continued in all international markets after it was dropped in the United States. AMC vehicles were badged as “Rambler" in Argentina, Australia, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Philippines, Venezuela, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. In Argentina, a unique model based on the third-generation Rambler American became the **IKA Torino** in 1967. It was later named the Renault Torino and produced until 1981. The Rambler nameplate was last used on automobiles in 1983 by Vehículos Automotores Mexicanos (VAM) in Mexico.

## Rambler brand cars

Historic:

* Rambler: 1901–1913

Compact:

Mid-sized:

Show cars:

International:

* Rambler Ambassador
    + Costa Rica 1965-1970
    + United Kingdom 1965-1974
* Rambler AMX
    + Australia 1969–1970
* Rambler Hornet
    + Australia 1970–1975
    + Costa Rica 1970-1975 (as "Rambler SST" and "Rambler Unisex")
    + Mexico 1970-1977 (as "VAM American" and "Rambler American")
    + South Africa 1970-1971
    + Venezuela 1970-1977
* Rambler Javelin
    + Australia 1968–1973
    + Germany 1968-1970
    + Mexico 1968-1973
    + Venezuela 1968-1974
    + Philippines 1968–1970.
* Rambler Matador
    + Australia 1971–1977
    + Costa Rica 1971-1974
    + Mexico 1971-1976 (as "Rambler Classic")
    + United Kingdom 1971-1977
* Rambler Rebel
    + Australia 1967–1971
    + Belgium 1967 (as "Renault Rambler")
    + Costa Rica 1967-1970
    + Mexico 1967-1970 (as "Rambler Classic")
    + New Zealand 1967-1971
    + United Kingdom 1967-1970

## International production

Companies that undertook the production of Rambler vehicles outside of the United States either by local assembly or full import included the following:

**North America**

**Australasia**

**Europe**

**South America**

* Automovil de Francia (Venezuela): 1963-1968
* Constructora Venezolana de Vehículos (Venezuela): 1968–1977
* Industrias Kaiser Argentina (Argentina): 1962–1972
* Juan Carlos Lutteral (Argentina) 1979-198?
* Indauto (Chile): 1964-1967
* Automotores Franco Chilena (Chile) 1967-19??
* Rambler del Peru S.A (Peru): 1963-1966
* Industria Automotriz Peruana S.A (Peru): 1966-1970

**Africa**

* National Motor Assemblers (South Africa): 1964-1967
* Rosslyn Motor Assemblers (South Africa): 1968
* Motor Assemblies Limited (South Africa): 1969-1970

**Middle East**

## Trademark

American Motors stopped producing cars using the Rambler trademark in 1970. In 1973, Action Age Incorporated wanted to register "Scrambler" for an off-highway vehicle and, in a case before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board, contended that the trademark Rambler had been abandoned. This registration was opposed by AMC and the court determined that even though the manufacturing of Ramblers ended, the trademark was not abandoned because AMC continued to have commercial activities such as parts with the Rambler name on the boxes as well as franchising dealers that retained Rambler in their name or marketed used cars under the Rambler trademark./

The Rambler trademark registration expired on 12 December 1994, because Chrysler (the company that acquired AMC in 1987) did not file an affidavit of continued use. However, it was claimed by Chrysler as a retro or heritage mark that "had built an affinity and emotional connection with the consumer as a result of the original product that was in the marketplace, and continues to have nostalgia appeal with consumers who are still interested in acquiring products built around the mark’s core values and replicates the markets and the mark itself." In a 2008 case before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board, the United States Patent and Trademark Office determined that Chrysler continued to have products licensed in connection with the Rambler mark for automobiles and thus sufficiently related to automobiles so that consumers would ascribe a single source to the products. Chrysler, as the successor company, was able to "prove non-abandonment by demonstrating that there were many Rambler cars (and related supplies) bearing the mark still in use. The board ruled that Chrysler "has priority of use, at the very least with respect to key rings, calendars, decals, specification sheets, and owner's manuals, all relating to Rambler automobiles."

* Gunnell, John, ed. (1987). *The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1946–1975*. Krause Publications. ISBN 9780873410960.


title: Camp Trousdale

abstract: Camp Trousdale, in Portland, Sumner County, Tennessee, was an early staging and training area for Tennessee Confederate units during the American Civil War, used from June through November 1861. A number of units of the Confederate Army of Tennessee trained in the camp before it was abandoned under pressure from the Union invasion of central Tennessee.

text:
# Camp Trousdale

**Camp Trousdale**, in Portland, Sumner County, Tennessee, was an early staging and training area for Tennessee Confederate units during the American Civil War, used from June through November 1861. A number of units of the Confederate Army of Tennessee trained in the camp before it was abandoned under pressure from the Union invasion of central Tennessee.

## Training camp

Camp Trousdale was a convenient site for training soldiers. The area had previously served as a station on the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. and was located in relatively close proximity to a major city, Nashville, Tennessee. It also had a temperate climate and was close to large open fields which were convenient for the training of volunteers who would later serve in the Army of Tennessee. Camp Trousdale and similar sites such as Camp Moore in Louisiana were often the places where raw volunteers received their first training in military drills, in the form of intense daily practice.

Trousdale also served as a staging area for the military campaigns along the Tennessee-Kentucky border. Felix Zollicoffer, who was appointed commander of Camp Trousdale in July, 1861, used units from the camp to strengthen Confederate defenses near the Cumberland Gap. This campaign led to Zollicoffer's death when he mistakenly crossed into Union lines during a battle near Mill Springs, Kentucky in which the Confederate troops were pushed back into Tennessee.

As with many military camps during the war, disease was a common problem. One of the units that used the camp early in its existence was the Third Tennessee Infantry Regiment. The regiment was moved to the camp in hopes that a change of venue would relieve an epidemic of measles and other diseases that had beset its soldiers. However, even after its move to the camp on July 16, 1861, the soldiers of the Third Tennessee suffered from a variety of illnesses. This prompted the construction of a military hospital, although the hospital was located in a tent rather than a more permanent building. Archaeologists have speculated that the hospital site may provide modern researchers with a variety of artifacts related to the military, medicine, burials, and domestic life.

Despite the vagaries of training, disease, and what one soldier described as "mighty tight rools" (sic), the occupants of Camp Trousdale found time for recreation. One Tennessee soldier wrote that dances were a nightly event at the camp.

The camp was abandoned in November 1861 due to the Union invasion of middle Tennessee.

## Confederate Units in training

The following Tennessee Confederate Units trained at Camp Trousdale:

## InfoBox

| Camp Trousdale | |
| --- | --- |
| Sumner County, Tennessee | |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1861 |
| In use | June through November, 1861 |
| Garrison information | |
| Occupants | Confederate States of America |


title: UFC 60

abstract: UFC 60: Hughes vs. Gracie was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on May 27, 2006. The event took place at the Staples Center, in Los Angeles, California and was broadcast live on pay-per-view in the United States and Canada.

text:
# UFC 60

***UFC 60: Hughes vs. Gracie*** was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on May 27, 2006. The event took place at the Staples Center, in Los Angeles, California and was broadcast live on pay-per-view in the United States and Canada.

## Background

Headlining the card was a non-title catchweight (175 lb) match between then-current UFC Welterweight Champion Matt Hughes, and UFC Hall of Famer Royce Gracie, the winner of *UFC 1*, *UFC 2* and *UFC 4*. This was Gracie's first match in the UFC and in the United States since *UFC 5*.

The event drew 620,000 buys, becoming the best-selling pay-per-view in UFC history up to that point, and the first to break the $20 million mark in gross PPV sales.

## Results

| Main Card | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Weight class |  |  |  | Method | Round | Time | Notes |
| Catchweight (175 lb) | Matt Hughes | def. | Royce Gracie | TKO (punches) | 1 | 4:39 |  |
| Light Heavyweight | Dean Lister | def. | Alessio Sakara | Submission (triangle choke) | 1 | 2:20 |  |
| Welterweight | Diego Sanchez | def. | John Alessio | Decision (unanimous) (30–27, 29–28, 29–28) | 3 | 5:00 |  |
| Heavyweight | Brandon Vera | def. | Assuério Silva | Submission (guillotine choke) | 1 | 2:39 |  |
| Middleweight | Mike Swick | def. | Joe Riggs | Submission (guillotine choke) | 1 | 2:19 |  |
| Preliminary Card | | | | | | | |
| Middleweight | Jeremy Horn | def. | Chael Sonnen | Submission (armbar) | 2 | 1:17 |  |
| Lightweight | Spencer Fisher | def. | Matt Wiman | KO (flying knee) | 2 | 1:43 |  |
| Heavyweight | Gabriel Gonzaga | def. | Fabiano Scherner | TKO (punches) | 2 | 0:24 |  |
| Lightweight | Melvin Guillard | def. | Rick Davis | KO (punch) | 1 | 1:37 |  |

## Reported Payout

**Royce Gracie:** $400,000

**Matt Hughes:** $110,000

**Jeremy Horn:** $70,000

**Brandon Vera:** $32,000

**Diego Sanchez:** $24,000

**Mike Swick:** $14,000

**Spencer Fisher:** $14,000

**Joe Riggs:** $12,000

**Gabriel Gonzaga:** $10,000

**Melvin Guillard:** $10,000

**Alessio Sakara:** $10,000

**Dean Lister:** $10,000

**Assuerio Silva:** $8,000

**Chael Sonnen:** $5,000

**Fabiano Scherner:** $3,000

**Matt Wiman:** $3,000

**John Alessio:** $3,000

**Rick Davis:** $2,000

**Disclosed Fighter Payroll:** $740,000

1. Trembow, Ivan (2006-09-06). "UFC 61 Surpasses $30 Million in Pay-Per-View Sales, Plus Final PPV Buyrate for UFC 60". ivansblog.com. Retrieved 2012-08-02.
2. "UFC 60 - Hughes vs. Gracie". sherdog.com. 2006-05-27. Retrieved 2012-08-02.
3. Dacanay, Bruno (27 May 2022). "Looking Back at The History of UFC's Memorial Day Weekend". *Overtime Heroics*.
4. Trembow, Ivan (2006-09-06). "UFC 61 SURPASSES $30 MILLION IN PPV SALES". mmaweekly.com. Archived from the original on 2014-02-02. Retrieved 2012-07-26.
5. "SPENCER FISHER'S NEW OPPONENT NAMED FOR UFC 60". MMA Weekly. 2006-05-17. Archived from the original on 2007-05-28. Retrieved 2009-03-07.

## InfoBox

| UFC 60: Hughes vs. Gracie | |
| --- | --- |
| The poster for UFC 60: Hughes vs. Gracie | |
| Promotion | Ultimate Fighting Championship |
| Date | May 27, 2006 |
| Venue | Staples Center |
| City | Los Angeles, California |
| Attendance | 14,802 (10,347 paid) |
| Total gate | $2,900,090 |
| Buyrate | 620,000 |
| Event chronology | |
| UFC 59: Reality Check UFC 60: Hughes vs. Gracie The Ultimate Fighter: Team Ortiz vs. Team Shamrock Finale | |


title: Cubism (video)

abstract: Cubism is a 2007 DVD release of Pet Shop Boys' Fundamental tour. Filmed on November 14, 2006, at the Auditorio Nacional in Mexico. The DVD contains a short documentary, a gallery and audio commentary as special features.

text:
# Cubism (video)

***Cubism*** is a 2007 DVD release of Pet Shop Boys' Fundamental tour. Filmed on November 14, 2006, at the Auditorio Nacional in Mexico. The DVD contains a short documentary, a gallery and audio commentary as special features.

## Track listing

1. "Psycho Intro"
2. "God Willing"
3. "Psychological"
4. "Left to my own devices"
5. "I'm with Stupid"
6. "Suburbia"
7. "Can you forgive her?"
8. "Minimal/Shopping"
9. "Rent"
10. "Dreaming of the Queen"
11. "Heart"
12. "Opportunities/Integral"
13. "Numb"
14. "Se a vida é/Domino dancing"
15. "Flamboyant"
16. "Home and dry"
17. "Always on my mind"
18. "Where the streets have no name (I can't take my eyes off you)"
19. "West End girls"
20. "The Sodom and Gomorrah Show"
21. "So hard/It's a sin"
22. "Go West"

Special features * Photo gallery montage
* Behind the scenes documentary called "Pet Shop Boys in Mexico"
* Audio commentary with Neil Tennant, Chris Lowe and David Barnard

## InfoBox

| Cubism | |
| --- | --- |
| Region 2 DVD cover | |
| Video by Pet Shop Boys | |
| Released | May 21, 2007 (UK)<br>July 24, 2007 (US) |
| Recorded | November 14, 2006 at the Auditorio Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico |
| Genre | Pop, dance |
| Length | 114 minutes |
| Label | Rhino Records |
| Director | David Barnard |


title: SYR8: Andre Sider Af Sonic Youth

abstract: SYR8: Andre Sider af Sonic Youth is a live album by Sonic Youth with Mats Gustafsson and Merzbow. It was the eighth release in the SYR series. It was released on July 28, 2008. The album was recorded on July 1, 2005 at the Roskilde Festival. The album title is in Danish and means "Other sides of Sonic Youth".

text:
# SYR8: Andre Sider Af Sonic Youth

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Blurt* |  |
| MOG | 8/10 |
| Pitchfork | 8.2/10 |
| *The Rolling Stone Album Guide* |  |

***SYR8: Andre Sider af Sonic Youth*** is a live album by Sonic Youth with Mats Gustafsson and Merzbow. It was the eighth release in the SYR series. It was released on July 28, 2008. The album was recorded on July 1, 2005 at the Roskilde Festival. The album title is in Danish and means "Other sides of Sonic Youth".

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Andre Sider af Sonic Youth" | 57:32 |

**Notes**

* Recorded live at Roskilde Festival, July 1, 2005
* Mixed at Studio Concord, 2006
* Mastered at Golden Mastering

## Personnel

Credits were adapted from the album's liner notes.

**Sonic Youth**

**Additional musicians**

**Technical**

* Barok Films – recording
* Jim O'Rourke – mixing
* Aaron Mullan – live sound
* Jørgen Teller – translation
* John Golden – mastering

Design personnel * Chris Habib – graphic design
* Lee Ranaldo & Eric Barcht – photos

## InfoBox

| SYR8: Andre Sider af Sonic Youth | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Sonic Youth med Mats Gustafsson og Merzbow | |
| Released | July 28, 2008 |
| Recorded | July 1, 2005 |
| Genre | Experimental, noise rock |
| Length | 57:32 |
| Label | SYR |
| Producer | Sonic Youth |
| SYR series chronology | |
| *SYR7: J'Accuse Ted Hughes*
(2008) ***SYR8: Andre Sider af Sonic Youth***
(2008) *SYR9: Simon Werner a disparu*
(2011) | |
|  | |
| Sonic Youth chronology | |
| *Hits Are for Squares*
(2008) ***SYR8: Andre Sider Af Sonic Youth***
(2008) *The Eternal*
(2009) | |
|  | |


title: Saskatchewan Highway 303

abstract: Highway 303 is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Highway 16, approximately 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) east of Lloydminster city limits, to Highway 26 in Turtleford. It is about 82 kilometres (51 mi) long.

text:
# Saskatchewan Highway 303

**Highway 303** is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Highway 16, approximately 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) east of Lloydminster city limits, to Highway 26 in Turtleford. It is about 82 kilometres (51 mi) long.

## Major intersections

From west to east:

| Rural municipality | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Britannia No. 502 Wilton No. 472 line | Lloydminster | 0.0 | 0.0 | Highway 16 (TCH/YH) Lloydminster, The Battlefords |  |
| |  | 14.3 | 8.9 |
Highway 688 south Marshall |  |
| Wilton No. 472 |  | 21.1 | 13.1 |
Highway 675 north | West end of Hwy 675 concurrency |
| |  | 22.7 | 14.1 |
Highway 675 south Lashburn | East end of Hwy 675 concurrency |
| Eldon No. 471 |  | 30.8 | 19.1 |
Highway 684 Waseca |  |
| |  | 44.4 | 27.6 | Highway 21 south Maidstone | West end of Hwy 21 concurrency |
| ↑ / ↓ |  | 57.5 | 35.7 | Crosses the North Saskatchewan River | |
| Frenchman Butte No. 501 |  | 59.3 | 36.8 | Highway 21 north St. Walburg, Paradise Hill | East end of Hwy 21 concurrency |
| Mervin No. 499 | Turtleford | 82.2 | 51.1 | Highway 26 to Highway 3 St. Walburg, Glaslyn, The Battlefords |  |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Highway 303 | |
| --- | --- |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by Ministry of Highways and Infrastructure | |
| Length | 82.2 km (51.1 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | Highway 16 (TCH) near Lloydminster |
| Major intersections | Highway 21 |
| East end | Highway 26 in Turtleford |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Saskatchewan |
| Rural municipalities | Britannia, Wilton, Eldon, Frenchman Butte, Mervin |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| Highway 302   Highway 304 | |


title: Pomaderris helianthemifolia

abstract: Pomaderris helianthemifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is a bushy shrub with hairy young stems, narrowly elliptic to lance-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and small panicles of hairy yellowish flowers.

text:
# Pomaderris helianthemifolia

***Pomaderris helianthemifolia*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is a bushy shrub with hairy young stems, narrowly elliptic to lance-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and small panicles of hairy yellowish flowers.

## Description

*Pomaderris helianthemifolia* is a bushy shrub that typically grows to a height of 1–2 m (3 ft 3 in – 6 ft 7 in), its stems covered with greyish to rust-coloured, star-shaped hairs. The leaves are narrowly elliptic to lance-shaped or oblong, 5–20 mm (0.20–0.79 in) long and 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) wide with stipules 1–2.5 mm (0.039–0.098 in) long at the base but that fall off as the leaf develops. The upper surface of the leaves glabrous and the lower surface is densely covered with soft, greyish, star-shaped hairs. The flowers are borne in panicles 20–50 mm (0.79–1.97 in) of about twenty to fifty and are yellowish. The sepals are 1.5–2.0 mm (0.059–0.079 in) long but fall of as the flowers mature and there are no petals.

## Taxonomy

This species was first formally described in 1858 by Siegfried Reissek who gave it the name *Trymalium helianthemifolium* in *Linnaea: ein Journal für die Botanik in ihrem ganzen Umfange, oder Beiträge zur Pflanzenkunde*, from specimens collected by Ferdinand von Mueller in "Gipps Land". In 1951, Norman Arthur Wakefield changed the name to *Pomaderris helianthemifolia* in *The Victorian Naturalist*.

In 1997, Neville Grant Walsh and F. Coates described two subspecies in the journal *Muelleria*, and the names and those of the autonym are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

* *Pomaderris helianthemifolia* (Reissek) N.A.Wakef. subsp. *helianthemifolia* (the autonym);
* *Pomaderris helianthemifolia* subsp. *hispida* N.G.Walsh & Coates has leaves 10–45 mm (0.39–1.77 in) long with stiff bristles or hairs on the upper surface;
* *Pomaderris helianthemifolia* subsp. *minor* N.G.Walsh & Coates has leaves 5–9 mm (0.20–0.35 in) long with stiff bristles or hairs on the upper surface.

## Distribution and habitat

This pomaderris usually grows on the banks of rocky streams. Subspecies *helianthemifolia* is only known from two restricted areas in Gippsland, in the Maffra-Briagolong area and near the Genoa River. Subspecies *hispida* is widespread, but not common in a few locations in New South Wales and in north-eastern Victoria and subspecies *minor* is found in north-eastern Victoria, but no longer occurs near Bendigo.

## InfoBox

| *Pomaderris helianthemifolia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Pomaderris helianthemifolia* var. *hispida* in the ANBG | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rhamnaceae |
| Genus: | *Pomaderris* |
| Species: | ***P. helianthemifolia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pomaderris helianthemifolia***<br>(Reissek) N.A.Wakef. | |
|


title: Tayana Yachts

abstract: Tayana Yachts is a Taiwanese brand of fiberglass sailboats built by Kaohsiung-based Ta Yang company. Ta Yang means "big ocean" in Mandarin, and Tayana means "belongs to big ocean." The yard was founded in 1973 and has built over 1,400 bluewater cruisers. Designers have included Robert H. Perry, Robert Harris, Robb Ladd, and Pieter Beeldsnijder. Yachts range from 37 to a new 72-footer.

text:
# Tayana Yachts

**Tayana Yachts** is a Taiwanese brand of fiberglass sailboats built by Kaohsiung-based Ta Yang company. Ta Yang means "big ocean" in Mandarin, and Tayana means "belongs to big ocean." The yard was founded in 1973 and has built over 1,400 bluewater cruisers. Designers have included Robert H. Perry, Robert Harris, Robb Ladd, and Pieter Beeldsnijder. Yachts range from 37 to a new 72-footer.

## History

Early models built by Ta Yang include the Sea Wolf 41, aka Yankee Clipper, and the Tanton cat ketch. In 1979, they introduced a Perry designed 37-foot double-ender. This was originally branded as the CT 37 because CT Chen was a founding partner in the Ta Yang boatyard, and they thought the more established CT name would help sell her. Soon, they realized she did not need the CT cachet, and they rebranded her as the Tayana 37. Around 600 of these 37-footers were built making it one of the most popular cruisers ever. The Tayana Vancouver 42 followed, another double-ender by Robert Harris. Ta Yang was one of the first Taiwanese yards to scale up with larger designs like the 50 foot Flying Dutchman 12 meter (FD-12) designed by Eva Holman and Wil Eicholt and the Bob Perry Tayana 48. As of 2016 Tayana had produced over 1,400 yachts. Ta Yang have been closed of business since 2020 September.


abstract: The Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy is a student-edited law review published at Georgetown University Law Center in the United States. The Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy is focused on poverty law issues. As part of its mission to help bring an end to poverty in the United States, the Journal publishes articles from distinguished law professors and practitioners in poverty-related fields. In addition, the Journal features student research, works from scholars in poverty-related disciplines, and the voices of persons living in poverty. The Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy is published three issues each year. Each issue is focused upon a particular aspect of poverty law and policy. Recent "themes" have included rural poverty, urban poverty, former prisoner re-entry, and the impact of natural disasters such as Hurricane Katrina. The Journal was founded by law students Leonard Adler and Shana Desouza Druffner and published its first issue in 1993 as the Georgetown Journal on Fighting Poverty. Volume 25, consisting of 45 editors and members, is currently in publication. The faculty advisor of the Journal is Peter Edelman, long-time anti-poverty advocate and former HHS Assistant Secretary of Planning and Evaluation under President Bill Clinton.

text:
# Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy

The ***Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy*** is a student-edited law review published at Georgetown University Law Center in the United States.

The *Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy* is focused on poverty law issues. As part of its mission to help bring an end to poverty in the United States, the Journal publishes articles from distinguished law professors and practitioners in poverty-related fields. In addition, the Journal features student research, works from scholars in poverty-related disciplines, and the voices of persons living in poverty.

The *Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy* is published three issues each year. Each issue is focused upon a particular aspect of poverty law and policy. Recent "themes" have included rural poverty, urban poverty, former prisoner re-entry, and the impact of natural disasters such as Hurricane Katrina.

The Journal was founded by law students Leonard Adler and Shana Desouza Druffner and published its first issue in 1993 as the *Georgetown Journal on Fighting Poverty*. Volume 25, consisting of 45 editors and members, is currently in publication.

The faculty advisor of the Journal is Peter Edelman, long-time anti-poverty advocate and former HHS Assistant Secretary of Planning and Evaluation under President Bill Clinton.

## InfoBox

*Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy*
| Discipline | Poverty Law |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Publication details | |
| Former name(s) | Georgetown Journal on Fighting Poverty |
| History | 1993–present |
| Publisher | Georgetown University Law Center |
| Frequency | Triannual |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| Bluebook | *Geo. J. on Poverty L. & Pol'y* |
| ISO 4 | *Georget. J. Poverty Law Policy* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 1524-3974
 |
| OCLC no. | 41031016 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Carpophyllum maschalocarpum

abstract: Carpophyllum maschalocarpum, commonly known as the common flapjack, is a brown alga that grows in crevices of rocks at low tide levels. It is a common alga in New Zealand and is endemic.

text:
# Carpophyllum maschalocarpum

***Carpophyllum maschalocarpum***, commonly known as the **common flapjack**, is a brown alga that grows in crevices of rocks at low tide levels. It is a common alga in New Zealand and is endemic.

## Description

*Carpophyllum maschalocarpum* is mid-golden brown in colour and dries black.

## Distribution

This species can be found on the shores of the North Island, South Island, and the Chatham Islands.

## Habitat

*Carpophyllum maschalocarpum* is found on rocks at low water in pools and channels forming a distinct zone and especially on vertical rock faces on open coasts.

## InfoBox

| *Carpophyllum maschalocarpum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| *Clade*: | Diaphoretickes |
| *Clade*: | SAR |
| *Clade*: | Stramenopiles |
| Phylum: | Gyrista |
| Subphylum: | Ochrophytina |
| Class: | Phaeophyceae |
| Order: | Fucales |
| Family: | Sargassaceae |
| Genus: | *Carpophyllum* |
| Species: | ***C. maschalocarpum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Carpophyllum maschalocarpum***<br>(Turner) Grev., 1830 | |
|


title: Evelis Aguilar

abstract: Evelis Jazmin Aguilar Torres is a Colombian athlete competing in the combined events. Earlier in her career she specialised in the 400 metres sprint. With a personal best of 6346 points, she is the current national record holder in the heptathlon.

text:
# Evelis Aguilar

**Evelis Jazmin Aguilar Torres** (born 3 January 1993) is a Colombian athlete competing in the combined events. Earlier in her career she specialised in the 400 metres sprint.

With a personal best of 6346 points, she is the current national record holder in the heptathlon.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Representing  Colombia | | | | | |
| 2008 | South American U18 Championships | Lima, Peru | 3rd | 400 m | 57.67 s |
| 2010 | South American U18 Championships | Santiago, Chile | 1st | 400 m | 55.64 s |
| 2011 | South American Championships | Buenos Aires, Argentina | 2nd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:37.66 |
| | South American U20 Championships | Medellín, Colombia | 2nd | 400 m | 54.45 s |
| | | 1st | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:36.74 |
| | Pan American Games | Guadalajara, Mexico | 3rd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:29.94 |
| 2012 | World U20 Championships | Barcelona, Spain | 7th (h) | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:39.44 |
| 2014 | South American Games | Santiago, Chile | 2nd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:35.96 |
| | | | 4th | Heptathlon | 5504 pts |
| | Ibero-American Championships | São Paulo, Brazil | 5th | Heptathlon | 5518 pts |
| | South American U23 Championships | Montevideo, Uruguay | 1st | Heptathlon | 5333 pts |
| 2015 | South American Championships | Lima, Peru | 1st | Heptathlon | 5902 pts |
| | Pan American Games | Toronto, Canada | 4th | Heptathlon | 5930 pts |
| 2016 | Ibero-American Championships | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 2nd | Heptathlon | 5887 pts |
| | Olympic Games | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 15th | Heptathlon | 6263 pts |
| 2017 | World Championships | London, United Kingdom |  | Heptathlon | DNF |
| 2018 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Barranquilla, Colombia | 2nd | Heptathlon | 6285 pts **AR** |
| 2021 | South American Championships | Guayaquil, Ecuador | 1st | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:31.04 |
| | | | 1st | Heptathlon | 6165 pts **CR** |
| | Olympic Games | Tokyo, Japan | 14th | Heptathlon | 6214 pts |
| 2022 | Bolivarian Games | Valledupar, Colombia | 1st | 400 m | 51.84 s **GR** |
| | | | 1st | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:36.91 |
| | | | 2nd | Mixed relay | 3:20.30 |
| | South American Games | Asunción, Paraguay | 1st | 400 m | 51.90 s |
| | | 1st | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:31.30 **GR** |
| 2023 | Central American and Caribbean Games | San Salvador, El Salvador | 4th | 400 m | 51.67 s |
| | | | 3rd | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:31.16 |
| | | | 3rd | Mixed relay | 3:20.36 |
| | South American Championships | São Paulo, Brazil | 2nd | 400 m | 51.41 s |
| | | 1st | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:31.39 |
| | | 1st | Mixed relay | 3:14.79 **AR**, **CR** |
| | World Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 12th (sf) | 400 m | 51.07 s |
| | Pan American Games | Santiago, Chile | 3rd | 400 m | 51.95 s |
| | | 6th | Mixed relay | 3:23.17 |
| 2024 | Xiamen Diamond League | Xiamen, China | 8th | 400 m | 52.97 s |
| | Shanghai Diamond League | Suzhou, China | 7th | 400 m | 53.81 s |
| | Olympic Games | Paris, France | 25th (r) | 400 m | 52.86 s |

## Personal bests

**Outdoor**

## InfoBox

Evelis Aguilar
| Evelis Aguilar, 2024 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Evelis Jazmin Aguilar Torres |
| Born | (1993-01-03) January 3, 1993<br>Chigorodó, Colombia |
| Height | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) |
| Weight | 62 kg (137 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Country | Colombia |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Events |  |
| Medal record      Representing  Colombia  Women's athletics   Event 1st 2nd 3rd  Pan American Games 0 0 2  CAC Games 0 1 3  South American Games 2 0 0  South American Championships 4 1 0  Bolivarian Games 2 1 0  Total 8 3 5   Pan American Games  2011 Guadalajara 4×400 m relay  2023 Santiago 400 m  Central American and Caribbean Games  2018 Barranquilla Heptathlon  2014 Veracruz 4×400 m relay  2023 San Salvador 4×400 m relay  2023 San Salvador Mixed relay  South American Games  2022 Asunción 400 m  2022 Asunción 4×400 m relay  South American Championships  2021 Guayaquil Heptathlon  2021 Guayaquil 4×400 m relay  2023 São Paulo 4×400 m relay  2023 São Paulo Mixed relay  2023 São Paulo 400 m  Bolivarian Games  2022 Valledupar 400 m  2022 Valledupar 4×400 m relay  2022 Valledupar Mixed relay | |