title: Tim Keller (pastor)

abstract: Timothy James Keller was an American Calvinist pastor, preacher, theologian, and Christian apologist. He was the chairman and co-founder of Redeemer City to City, which trains pastors for service around the world. He was also the founding pastor of Redeemer Presbyterian Church in New York City and the author of The New York Times bestselling books The Prodigal God: Recovering the Heart of the Christian Faith (2008), Prayer: Experiencing Awe and Intimacy with God (2014), and The Reason for God: Belief in an Age of Skepticism (2008). The prequel for the latter is Making Sense of GOD: An Invitation to the Skeptical (2016).

text:
# Tim Keller (pastor)

**Timothy James Keller** (September 23, 1950 – May 19, 2023) was an American Calvinist pastor, preacher, theologian, and Christian apologist. He was the chairman and co-founder of Redeemer City to City, which trains pastors for service around the world. He was also the founding pastor of Redeemer Presbyterian Church in New York City and the author of *The New York Times* bestselling books *The Prodigal God: Recovering the Heart of the Christian Faith* (2008), *Prayer: Experiencing Awe and Intimacy with God* (2014), and *The Reason for God: Belief in an Age of Skepticism* (2008). The prequel for the latter is *Making Sense of GOD: An Invitation to the Skeptical* (2016).

## Early life and education

Timothy James Keller was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania, on September 23, 1950, to Louise A. Keller (Clemente) and William B. Keller, a television advertising manager.

Keller was a graduate of Bucknell University (BA, 1972), Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary (M.Div., 1975) and Westminster Theological Seminary, where he received his D.Min. in 1981 under the supervision of Harvie M. Conn. He attended the Lutheran Church in America during his upbringing. At Bucknell, he became a staff member with InterVarsity Christian Fellowship.

## Career

Keller was ordained by the Presbyterian Church in America (PCA). Keller served as a pastor at West Hopewell Presbyterian Church in Hopewell, Virginia, for nine years while also serving as director of church planting for the PCA. He also served on the faculty of Westminster Theological Seminary in Philadelphia, where he and his wife Kathy Keller were involved in urban ministry.

### Redeemer Presbyterian Church

Keller was recruited by his denomination to start Redeemer Presbyterian Church in Manhattan in 1989 after two others had turned down the position.

In 2008, Keller published his first book since his 1989 report to his denomination on diaconal ministries, *Ministries of Mercy*. The book, *The Reason for God*, was based on common objections to the Christian faith heard during his ministry in New York City. The book reached seventh on the New York Times Nonfiction bestseller list.

Redeemer Presbyterian Church grew from 50 people to a total attendance of over 5,000 people each Sunday as of 2008, leading some to call Keller "the most successful Christian evangelist in the city". In 2004, *Christianity Today* praised Redeemer as "one of Manhattan's most vital congregations".

The church's emphasis on young urban professionals, whom Keller believed exhibit disproportionate influence over the culture and its ideas, has given the church an unusual makeup for a US megachurch. The majority of the congregation is made up of single adults; it is also over forty percent Asian-American, and has many congregants working in the arts and financial services. In his preaching, "he hardly shrinks from difficult Christian truths, \[but\] he sounds different from many of the shrill evangelical voices in the public sphere." Keller often critiqued both political parties and avoided taking public stances on political issues, resulting in a politically centrist church.

Redeemer Presbyterian Church has also founded Hope for New York, a non-profit organization that sends volunteers and grants to over 40 faith-based ministries serving social needs in New York City; the Center for Faith and Work, to train professionals in Christian theology; and Redeemer City to City, to train and fund pastors in New York and other cities.

Keller was a co-founder of The Gospel Coalition, a group of Reformed leaders from around the United States. His mentoring of younger church leaders, such as Scott Sauls in Nashville and Steve Chong in Sydney, increased his influence globally.

On July 1, 2017, Keller stepped down from his role as senior pastor of Redeemer Presbyterian Church. The move was part of a larger vision to shift his efforts from preaching to training the next generation of church leaders and starting new churches in global cities through Redeemer City to City.

## Theological views

Keller shunned the label "evangelical" because of its political and fundamentalist connotation, preferring to call himself orthodox because "he believes in the importance of personal conversion or being 'born again,' and the full authority of the Bible." He identified with Calvinist theology, although he had been critiqued by some in that tradition for his interpretation of its doctrines. He was described as a "doctrine-friendly emerging pastor".

### Gospel versus religion

The centerpiece and underpinning of Keller's ministry was his teaching of the doctrine of the gospel, emphasizing the doctrines of total depravity, unmerited grace and substitutionary atonement. This teaching is summarized in his oft-used explanation, "The gospel is this: We are more sinful and flawed in ourselves than we ever dared believe, yet at the very same time we are more loved and accepted in Jesus Christ than we ever dared hope." This understanding of the gospel is contrasted to what Keller called "traditional religion" (which he defines as a set of rules, rituals or actions that enable an individual to earn salvation or favor with God) as well as "irreligion" (which he defines as the belief that there is no God or no need for his favor). This has been referred to as a "gospel third way," or "gospel-centered" approach. Typical of this teaching is his interpretation of the Parable of the Prodigal Son (see *The Prodigal God*), based on a teaching of one of Keller's mentors, Edmund Clowney.

### Apologetics

Keller's preaching and writing in his apologetics is characterized by a respectful orientation towards an educated and skeptical audience outside the faith. His most explicit work on the subject was *The Reason for God*, which he attributed to thousands of conversations with skeptical New Yorkers over the course of his ministry (*Reason*, p. xix).

On creationism, Keller stated that his view is not strictly literal and that evolution is "neither ruled in nor ruled out" in his church. Keller wrote on the topic for the BioLogos Foundation.

Keller's major influences in apologetics included C. S. Lewis, Cornelius Van Til, John Stott, Alvin Plantinga, N.T Wright, and Miroslav Volf.

### Idolatry

Another central theme in Keller's teaching was idolatry, based on the teachings of Martin Luther, and John Calvin, the Ten Commandments, and other parts of the Bible. Keller stated that contemporary idol worship continues today in the form of an addiction or devotion to money, career, sex, power and anything to which people seek to give significance and satisfaction in life other than God (detailed in his book *Counterfeit Gods*).

### Politics

Keller criticized the evangelical alliance with Republicans and argued that Christianity is a much broader global movement that agrees with some liberal and some conservative issues, and critiqued them both. He argued for giving to charitable causes and caring for the needs of the poor, based on biblical texts such as the Torah and the parable of the Good Samaritan.

### Cultural engagement

Attributed partly to his congregation of upwardly mobile Manhattanites, Keller was a leader in applying Christian theology to secular vocations such as business, art and entrepreneurship. The Center for Faith and Work at Redeemer has sponsored business competitions and theological education for working professionals. His views on Christianity and culture are outlined in his books *Every Good Endeavor* and *Center Church*.

Keller was an avid fan of the work of C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien, both well-known Christian authors, and also supported the *Harry Potter* novels which have been considered pagan by certain conservative Christians.

### Sex and gender

Keller held a complementarian view of gender that believes that the Bible teaches defined roles for both genders, but the specific duties accompanying each gender's role are undefined. He held that "Marriage provides the personal growth that comes through cross-gender relationships." He elaborated on the biblical view of sex and marriage in his book *The Meaning of Marriage* and believed homosexual sexual behavior is inconsistent with Scripture. Keller was a signatory of the Manhattan Declaration and was opposed to abortion, but not opposed to contraception.

### Cities and urban church planting

While at Westminster Theological Seminary, Keller was mentored by Harvie Conn, an early advocate of ministry in urban centers. He was recruited to start Redeemer Presbyterian Church due to a shortage of biblically orthodox churches in center-city Manhattan. He delivered a plenary address on the subject at the Lausanne Conference of 2010.

Through Redeemer City to City, Keller mentored and chaired a network of center-city churches that represents similar ministry values worldwide. He wrote extensively on the importance of cities and gave a biblical theological framework for ministry in cities in his book on ministry, *Center Church*.

## Personal life

Keller married Kathy Kristy in 1975; they had three children. Keller suffered from thyroid cancer in 2002.

Keller credited cancer and the possibility of death as the pivotal point for the transformation of his prayer life, forcing him to be still and meditate in an otherwise hectic life.

## Death

In June 2020, Keller revealed that he had been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. He died under hospice care at home in Manhattan on May 19, 2023, at age 72.

A memorial service was held for Keller in August 2023 at St. Patrick's Cathedral in Manhattan; his widow, Kathy revealed during the service that Keller was buried in St. Michael's Cemetery near LaGuardia Airport in Queens.

## Books

* *Resources for Deacons: Love Expressed through Mercy Ministries* (Christian Education and Publications, 1985) ISBN 0-9703541-6-9
* *Ministries of Mercy: The Call of the Jericho Road* (P&R Publishing, 1997) ISBN 0-87552-217-3
* *Church Planter Manual* (Redeemer Presbyterian Church, 2002)
* *The Reason for God: Belief in an Age of Skepticism* (Dutton Adult, February 2008) ISBN 0-525-95049-4
* *The Prodigal God: Recovering the Heart of the Christian Faith* (Dutton Adult, November 2008) ISBN 0-525-95079-6
* *Counterfeit Gods: The Empty Promises of Money, Sex, and Power, and the Only Hope that Matters* (Dutton Adult, October 2009) ISBN 0-525-95136-9
* *Generous Justice: How God's Grace Makes Us Just* (Dutton Adult, November 2010) ISBN 0-525-95190-3
* *King's Cross: The Story of the World in the Life of Jesus* (Dutton Adult, February 2011) ISBN 0-525-95210-1
* *The Meaning of Marriage: Facing the Complexities of Commitment with the Wisdom of God* (Dutton Adult, November 2011) ISBN 0-525-95247-0
* *The Freedom of Self Forgetfulness: The Path to True Christian Joy* (10Publishing, March 2012) ISBN 978-1906173418
* *Center Church: Doing Balanced, Gospel-Centered Ministry in Your City* (Zondervan, September 2012) ISBN 0-310-494184
* *Every Good Endeavor: Connecting Your Work to God's Work* (Dutton, November 2012) ISBN 978-0-525-95270-1
* *Galatians For You* (The Good Book Company, February 2013) ISBN 978-1908762573
* *Judges For You* (The Good Book Company, August 2013) ISBN 978-1908762900
* *Walking with God through Pain and Suffering* (Dutton, October 2013) ISBN 978-0-525-95245-9
* *Encounters with Jesus: Unexpected Answers to Life's Biggest Questions* (Dutton, 2013) ISBN 978-0-525-95435-4
* *Romans 1–7 For You* (The Good Book Company, February 2014) ISBN 978-1908762917
* *Prayer: Experiencing Awe and Intimacy with God* (Dutton, 2014) ISBN 978-0-525-95414-9
* *Center Church Europe* (Wijnen, Uitgeverij Van, 2014) Contributors are José de Segovia, Leonardo De Chirico, Michael Herbst, Frank Hinkelmann, Martin de Jong, Jens Bruun Kofoed, Daniel Liechti, András Lovas, David Novak, Stefan Paas and Martin Reppenhagen. ISBN 978-9-051-94480-8
* *Romans 8–16 For You* (The Good Book Company, February 2015) ISBN 978-1910307298
* *Preaching: Communicating Faith in an Age of Skepticism* (Viking, June 2015) ISBN 978-0-525-95303-6
* *The Songs of Jesus: A Year of Daily Devotionals in the Psalms* (Viking, November 2015) ISBN 978-0-525-95514-6
* *Making Sense of GOD: An Invitation to the Skeptical* Viking ISBN 9780525954156 ebk. ISBN 9780698194366
* *Hidden Christmas: The Surprising Truth Behind the Birth of Christ* (Viking, Nov 2016) ISBN 978-0735221659
* *God's Wisdom for Navigating Life: A Year of Daily Devotions in the Book of Proverbs* (Viking, Nov 2017) ISBN 978-0735222090
* *The Prodigal Prophet: Jonah and the Mystery of God's Mercy* (Viking, Oct 2018) ISBN 978-0735222069
* *The Meaning of Marriage: A Couple's Devotional: A Year of Daily Devotions* (Viking, Nov 2019) ISBN 978-0525560777
* *How to Reach the West Again* (Redeemer City to City, 2020) ISBN 978-0578633756
* *On Birth* (Penguin Books, 2020) ISBN 978-0143135357
* *On Marriage* (Penguin Books, 2020) ISBN 978-0143135364
* *On Death* (Penguin Books, 2020) ISBN 978-0143135371
* *Hope in Times of Fear: The Resurrection and the Meaning of Easter* (Viking, March 9, 2021) ISBN 978-0525560791, 0525560793
* *Forgive: Why Should I and How Can I?* (Viking, November 1, 2022) ISBN 9780525560746

### Contributions in edited volumes

* "Puritan Resources for Biblical Counseling". *The Journal of Pastoral Practice*. **9** (3): 11–44. 1988.
* Schaller, Lyle E, ed. (1993), *Center City Churches: The New Urban Frontier*, Abingdon Press, ISBN 0-687-04802-8.
* "Preaching to the Secular Mind". *The Journal of Biblical Counseling*. **14** (1): 54–62. Fall 1995.
* Bustard, Ned, ed. (2000), *It Was Good: Making Art to the Glory of God*, Square Halo Books, ISBN 978-0-9785097-1-2.
* Carson, DA, ed. (2002), *Worship by the Book*, Zondervan, ISBN 0-310-21625-7.
* Piper, John; Taylor, Justin, eds. (2007), *The Supremacy of Christ in a Postmodern World*, Crossway Books, ISBN 978-1-58134-922-1.
* Willard, Dallas, ed. (2010), *A Place for Truth: Leading Thinkers Explore Life's Hardest Questions*, IVP Books, ISBN 978-0-8308-3845-5
* Cunningham, Richard, ed. (2017), *Serving the Church, Reaching the World: Essays in Honour of Don Carson*, IVP UK, ISBN 978-1-7835-9593-8
* Keller, Tim; Inazu, John, eds. (2020), *Uncommon Ground: Living Faithfully in a World of Difference*, Nelson Books, ISBN 978-1-4002-1960-5.

## Interviews

* Amanpour, Christiane (2011). Interview with Pastor Tim Keller, ABC News This Week, April 24.
* Barkhorn, Eleanor (2011), "How Timothy Keller Spreads the Gospel in New York City, and Beyond" *The Atlantic*, February 21, 2011.
* Bechelder, Kate (2014), "God Isn't Dead in Gotham" *Wall Street Journal*, December 20–21, 2014.
* Kristof, Nicholas (2016). "Pastor, Am I a Christian?" *New York Times*, December 25, p. SR19.
* Wehner, Peter (2019). "The Moral Universe of Timothy Keller" *The Atlantic*, December 5, 2019.
* Lee, Sophia (2021). "Pastoring the City" *World Magazine*, December 9, 2021.
* Bobrow, Emily (2022). "Pastor Timothy Keller Speaks to the Head and the Heart" *Wall Street Journal*, September 2, 2022.

## InfoBox

| The ReverendTim Keller | |
| --- | --- |
| Keller in 2006 | |
| Born | Timothy James Keller
(1950-09-23)September 23, 1950
Allentown, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | May 19, 2023(2023-05-19) (aged 72)
New York City, U.S. |
| Education |  |
| Occupation(s) | Minister and author |
| Notable work | Pastor of Redeemer Presbyterian Church |
| Spouse | Kathy Kristy Keller (m. 1975) |
| Children | 3 |
|  | |
| Ordination | Presbyterian Church in America |
|  | |
| **Theological work** | |
| Tradition or movement |  |
|  | |
| Website | timothykeller.com |


title: Chort

abstract: A chort is an anthropomorphic malign spirit or demon in Slavic folk tradition. Chorts are often depicted identically to Christian devils, with horns, hooves, and a skinny tail. In Slavic mythology, a singular Chort is sometimes identified as a son of the god Chernobog and the goddess Mara. Likewise, in Ukraine mythology, Chorts were originally the priest of Chernobog. In folk Christianity, they are considered lesser minions of Satan. Compare to Russian sayings (curses) "чёрт побери" – meaning "be taken by the demon", the saying is often used as an acceptable version of cursing in Eastern Europe; "чёрт попутал" – meaning mixed up by the demon; "к чертям" – meaning to hell, and many others.

text:
# Chort

A **chort** (Russian: чёрт, Belarusian and Ukrainian: чорт, Serbo-Croatian *čort* or *črt*, Polish: *czart* and *czort*, Czech and Slovak: *čert*, Slovene: *črt*) is an anthropomorphic malign spirit or demon in Slavic folk tradition. Chorts are often depicted identically to Christian devils, with horns, hooves, and a skinny tail. In Slavic mythology, a singular Chort is sometimes identified as a son of the god Chernobog and the goddess Mara. Likewise, in Ukraine mythology, Chorts were originally the priest of Chernobog. In folk Christianity, they are considered lesser minions of Satan.

Compare to Russian sayings (curses) "чёрт побери" ("*chort poberi*") – meaning "be taken by the demon" (often used as an exclamation to express frustration or pain as in English "darn!", "rats!", "shit!", etc.), the saying is often used as an acceptable version of cursing in Eastern Europe; "чёрт попутал" ("*chort poputal*") – meaning mixed up by the demon; "к чертям" ("*k chertyam*") – meaning to hell, and many others.

## Etymology

There are many theories regarding the origins of the Proto-Slavic word *\*čьrtъ*. One is that it is a substantivized t-participle of *\*ker-* (to cut, to chop), which could be derived from a chort imagined as being lame (having one leg shorter). The words like Ukrainian *kutsyi* and Czech and Slovak *kusý* are one of chort's most common epithets. According to another hypothesis, Proto-Slavic *\*čьrtъ* represents a derivative of *\*čersti / čьrtǫ* ‘to draw a line, furrow’. One way to interpret this derivation is reconstructing *\*čьrtъ* as a supernatural Draughtsman in charge of determining human fate. Under this hypothesis, the original god of destiny came to be perceived as the bringer of death and then syncretised with the embodiment of all evil in the Christian tradition. In Ukrainian, chorts are also known as *haspyda*, *didko*, *irod*, and *kutsyi*. The Polish version of the word, *czart*, is superficially similar to the Germanic *swart*, which means black.

## In Czech and Slovak culture

In Czech and Slovak folk tales, *čert* is not an evil character per se. It is often trying to tease characters in selling their souls in exchange for something (money, power, completion of a task). This often ends badly for evil or greedy characters, who are tricked into getting useless gifts and then are carried into hell. Other times, *čert* changes roles from trickster to tricked as he loses a bet against a hero, who outsmarts him, winning his soul back. This way, *čert* is often tricked to build castle walls in a day, dig fish ponds or even whole river banks, move large stones or create hills and mountains. Sometimes, a positive role of *čert* is further emphasized, namely in modern or modernized folk tales. *Čert* is trying to bring evil characters to hell, he often helps or befriends heroes in this process and gives them various magical items and treasures.

The true form of *Čert* is often a smallish hairy man with a tail, horns and one or two hoofs. But he is a shapeshifter and he tries to trick characters in his nicer forms, before they even realize what he is. In these forms, he is often represented as pretty young man, count, or huntsman (see *The Devil and Kate*). Often, this transformation is not (and cannot be) complete, so one can recognize *čert* by small horns hidden in black curly hair, or a single hoofed leg hidden in high boots.

*Čert* is not the devil, although they might have a lot in common. Sometimes, hell is full of *čerts* and is ruled by the devil (or archdevil) Lucifer.

## In Turkic culture

In Turkic (usually neighboring Slavic) folklore its name is "**Çor**" (*Chor*). In Anatolia known as "**Çorabaş**" (*Chorabash*). Chors are spiritual creatures mentioned in the pre-Islamic texts and oral tradition who inhabit an unseen world in dimensions beyond the visible universe of humans. Influenced by the later influences of Islamic jinn and devils, folk narratives mentions that the Chors are made of fire, but also physical in nature, being able to interact physically with people and objects and likewise be acted upon. Like human beings, the Chor can also be good (**Ak-çor**, literally "White Chor"), evil (**Kara-çor**, "Black Chor"), or neutrally benevolent like humans. The exorcist is called "**Çoraman**" (*Choraman*) in Anatolia. There are two different kinds of Chura: **Arçura**, that comes from the forest and is married to the Orman iyesi, and **Biçura**, that comes from the cellar and is married to Ev iyesi.

## Bibliography

1. Афанасьев А. Н. «Поэтические воззрения славян на природу». — М.: 1865−1869. — Том 3, глава 22 (in Russian)


title: Letajac

abstract: Letajac is a village in the municipality of Raša, Istria in Croatia.

text:
# Letajac

**Letajac** (Italian: **Lettaia**) is a village in the municipality of Raša, Istria in Croatia.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 27.

## InfoBox

| Letajac Lettaia | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Letajac | |
| Coordinates: 45°04′30″N 14°02′56″E / 45.0749087°N 14.0487849°E / 45.0749087; 14.0487849 | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Istria County |
| Municipality | Raša |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.9 sq mi (2.3 km2) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 27 |
| Density | 30/sq mi (12/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 52220 Labin |
| Area code | 052 |


abstract: Church of St. Thomas the Apostle is a former Roman Catholic parish church in New York City that had been threatened with demolition. It was the subject of a landmarks preservation debate. The parish was established in 1889; staffed by the Salesians of Don Bosco from 1979 to 2003; and closed in 2003 because of a diminished congregation and structural problems. In 2013, the premises at 260-262 W. 118th St., southwest corner of St. Nicholas Avenue, in Harlem, Manhattan was sold to a private developer. After extensive renovation, the church building is now used as a concert venue.

text:
# St. Thomas the Apostle Church (Manhattan)

**Church of St. Thomas the Apostle** is a former Roman Catholic parish church in New York City that had been threatened with demolition. It was the subject of a landmarks preservation debate. The parish was established in 1889; staffed by the Salesians of Don Bosco from 1979 to 2003; and closed in 2003 because of a diminished congregation and structural problems.

In 2013, the premises at 260-262 W. 118th St., southwest corner of St. Nicholas Avenue, in Harlem, Manhattan was sold to a private developer. After extensive renovation, the church building is now used as a concert venue.

## History

The parish was established in 1889 for Irish immigrants. It was founded from St. Joseph of the Holy Family in Manhattanville. The first pastor was Father John J. Keogan, formerly of County Cavan, Ireland. Later German immigrants replaced the Irish. Later the congregation became primarily African American.

In 1897, Father Keogan purchased St. Michaels's Episcopal Church and used it for services until St. Thomas was completed; after which he turned it into the parish school for 900 students, staffed by the Sisters of Mercy. On April 13, 1913, a fire destroyed the school and damaged the church. classes were resumed in the lower church, until a new school was built. The parish instituted a "Penny Fund" whereby parishioners contributed a penny a day to retire the debt.

The church had many notable connections, including Harry Belafonte's family, who worshipped there; Kareem Abdul-Jabbar was said to have been baptized in this church; Hulan E. Jack, the first black borough president of Manhattan, was buried from here." Eddie Bonnemère also served as the music director.

Lacking funds, clergy, and students for its attached parish school, the Catholic Order of Salesians of Don Bosco assumed control over the church and school in 1979, and are largely assumed to have rescued the church, closing the school and reusing it as a community center/computer skills training facility for young women. The training center remained open after the church's closure.

## Architecture

The present church was built 1907 to designs by Thomas H. Poole & Company, and dedicated the same year. The interior was noted for its remarkable fan vaulting and celebrated German stained glass (from the still operating studio of Mayer of Munich, famed stained glass makers for the Holy See and Catholic churches around the world). The AIA Guide to NYC describes the church as follows: “No name is to be found on this church, but its finely detailed neo-Gothic façade, prominently entered via a stairway and an arcaded porch, demands attention.” The building is a blend of English Perpendicular Gothic, Moorish and Venetian Gothic, in what is described as “berserk eclecticism”, “unnameable but wonderful.” The interior had intricately carved woodwork; the altar was of white marble.

## Closure and preservation campaigns

Many established churches in the neighborhood have lost their congregations to storefront churches. In 2002, the church which was designed to seat 800 only attracted around 250 parishioners for Sunday Mass. At the same time, substantial facade repairs proved financially crippling. “The front of the church is covered with posters that read: ‘Don't be fooled by the present scaffolding! We are open. We are alive. We are growing.’ The posters call St. Thomas ‘the Catholic Church in Harlem with room for you!’” In addition, there were dubious cracks in the main internal columns. The building was condemned in 2003 and the Salesians pulled out. Landmark protection has been debated, as the church is considered one of the finest in Harlem. Heather McCracken of the Landmarks Preservation Commission said that the church was found to be "in a deteriorated condition that made it ineligible for landmark designation."

The Archdiocese of New York has attempted to demolish the structure since the closure with the offer to replace the structure with affordable housing for the elderly.

Similar to other similar Catholic churches in the city with stays of demolition, such as Manhattan's Our Lady of Vilnius Church, a number of strategies have been invoked to save St. Thomas. Lawsuits, widespread community and city protests, and concerned letters arriving from as far away as Germany have delayed demolition, although the city has been unwilling to bestow landmark protection. A letter writing campaign attracted a great deal of attention. The son of the German stained glass maker even wrote in support of keeping the stained glass with the original church. However, the stained glass was removed to the new Church of Blessed Kateri Tekakwitha in the upstate New York town of Lagrangeville.

## Redevelopment

In 2013, a developer, Artimus, bought the former church and rectory, and proposed partial demolition, a theater, and a housing condominium. Artemis promised to preserve the church's façade and interior. Since then, The front, rear walls and ceiling have been restored.. Additional restoration is continuing. Artimus is also converting the church's school to affordable housing. Plans also include a community space to house an arts group. Ann Friedman of the New York Landmarks Conservancy said that it was felt that "community re-use of at least some of the church was better than seeing it demolished." In May 2016 Diamanda Galás performed a piano program at the renovated former church. The adjacent 1907 rectory was renovated into an artist's home and studio, featured in *The New York Times Style Magazine* in 2023.

## Further reading

* Dunlap, David W. *From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship.* (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004).

## InfoBox

| The Former Church of St. Thomas the Apostle | |
| --- | --- |
| 2021 | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Architectural style | Gothic Revival |
| Location | New York, New York, USA |
| Coordinates | 40°48′18″N 73°57′11.6″W / 40.80500°N 73.953222°W / 40.80500; -73.953222 |
| Completed | 1907 |
| Client | The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York |
| Technical details | |
| Structural system | Masonry |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Thomas H. Poole |


title: Chinaknowledge

abstract: Chinaknowledge, with the subtitle "a universal guide for China studies", is an English-language hobbyist's web site that contains a wide variety of information on China and Chinese topics. The site was founded by and is maintained by Ulrich Theobald, a Lecturer for Chinese History and Classical Chinese at the University of Tübingen, where he received his doctorate in Chinese Studies in 2009. The site is frequently used as a citation source for facts presented elsewhere since it is not commercial and site's author states all his sites are freely visible and copyable. However, the site's author states, "When writing papers, students should use books and not the internet." Chinaknowledge.de provides information about Chinese history and culture to a wide public, from academicians and high-school pupils to the interested "layman". Chinaknowledge concentrates on certain aspects insufficiently dealt with by other sources, especially traditional literature, biographies, historical terms, economic history. The author identifies Chinaknowledge as a non-commercial endeavor and pledges that he will "not make any advertisements for profit-oriented companies on my site."

text:
# Chinaknowledge

**Chinaknowledge**, with the subtitle "a universal guide for China studies", is an English-language hobbyist's web site that contains a wide variety of information on China and Chinese topics. The site was founded by and is maintained by Ulrich Theobald, a Lecturer for Chinese History and Classical Chinese at the University of Tübingen, where he received his doctorate in Chinese Studies in 2009.

The site is frequently used as a citation source for facts presented elsewhere since it is not commercial and site's author states all his sites are freely visible and copyable. However, the site's author states, "When writing papers, students should use books and not the internet."

Chinaknowledge.de provides information about Chinese history and culture to a wide public, from academicians and high-school pupils to the interested "layman". Chinaknowledge concentrates on certain aspects insufficiently dealt with by other sources, especially traditional literature, biographies, historical terms, economic history.

The author identifies Chinaknowledge as a non-commercial endeavor and pledges that he will "not make any advertisements for profit-oriented companies on my site."

## InfoBox

ChinaKnowledge
| Type of site | Informational / Hobbyist |
| --- | --- |
| Created by | Dr. Ulrich Theobald |
| URL | www.chinaknowledge.de |
| Commercial | non-commercial |
| Launched | 2001 |


title: Renegade Falcon LS

abstract: The Falcon LS is a two-seat, low wing, light sport aircraft originally produced by Corvus Aircraft in Hungary as the Corvus Phantom and imported into the US by T&T Aviation between 2008–2010 and by Renegade Light Sport 2010–present. There is disagreement between Corvus Aircraft and Renegade Light Sport as to whether the design has been licensed or reverse engineered.

text:
# Renegade Falcon LS

The **Falcon LS** is a two-seat, low wing, light sport aircraft originally produced by Corvus Aircraft in Hungary as the Corvus Phantom and imported into the US by T&T Aviation between 2008–2010 and by Renegade Light Sport 2010–present.

There is disagreement between Corvus Aircraft and Renegade Light Sport as to whether the design has been licensed or reverse engineered.

## Design and development

On 6 October 2010 the Falcon LS became the first airplane to fly with the Lycoming IO-233-LSA engine. Originally T&T Aviation was selected by Lycoming to help develop their IO-233-LSA engine. When Renegade bought out T&T Aviation they continued the engine development partnership with Lycoming. The IO-233-LSA produces 115 hp (86 kW) when equipped with a carburetor and a Champion electronic ignition system. Renegade installed a capacitor discharge ignition, fuel injection, and a "Vetterman" cross-flow exhaust system to achieve 123 hp (92 kW).

The Falcon LS features a 46 in (117 cm) wide cabin, a ballistic parachute, and wings that can be removed in 15 minutes for ground transport or storage. T&T Aviation demonstrated 1.5 revolution spins, loops, and barrel rolls in the Falcon LS. Renegade plans a bigger baggage compartment.

## Operational history

In March 2017 there were seven Falcon LS aircraft registered with the Federal Aviation Administration in the USA.

## Variants

Falcon LS Light-sport aircraft imported by T&T Aviation. Available only with tricycle gear. Falcon LS 2.0 Mizzoura Light-sport aircraft manufactured by Renegade Light Sport in partnership with Corvus and equipped with the Lycoming IO-233-LSA powerplant and a new wing design. Available with either taildragger or tricycle gear and can be converted back and forth in one hour. Cabin width is 50 in (127 cm). Falcon T Introduced at the 2012 Sebring US Sport Aviation Expo, the aircraft has conventional landing gear ("T" indicates "Taildragger") and is flown from the right seat. Capable of light aerobatics but not approved for it under LSA rules. Is available with an optional "shark mouth" *P-40* paint scheme reminiscent of a Curtiss P-40 Warhawk.

## Specifications (Falcon LS 2.0)

*Data from* Renegade website

**General characteristics**

* **Crew:** 2
* **Length:** 20.9 ft (6.4 m)
* **Wingspan:** 31.5 ft (9.6 m)
* **Wing area:** 122.66 sq ft (11.395 m2)
* **Empty weight:** 795 lb (361 kg)
* **Gross weight:** 1,320 lb (599 kg)
* **Fuel capacity:** 28 U.S. gallons (110 L; 23 imp gal)
* **Powerplant:** 1 × Lycoming IO-233-LSA , 123 hp (92 kW)

**Performance**

* **Maximum speed:** 140 mph (220 km/h, 120 kn)
* **Cruise speed:** 129 mph (207 km/h, 112 kn)
* **Never exceed speed:** 167 mph (269 km/h, 145 kn)
* **Range:** 530 mi (850 km, 460 nmi)
* **g limits:** +6/-3
* **Maximum glide ratio:** 14:1

**Avionics**

## InfoBox

| Renegade Falcon LS | |
| --- | --- |
| Role | Touring monoplane |
| National origin | United States |
| Manufacturer | Renegade Light Sport |
| Number built | 24 |
| Developed from | Corvus Phantom |


title: Rosa stellata

abstract: Rosa stellata is a species of rose known by the common names desert rose, gooseberry rose, and star rose. In Texas this type of rose grows on dry rocky places to 6,500 feet (2,000 m), such as the Trans-Pecos. It occurs in the mountain canyons of Arizona and New Mexico. It also grows in dry, rocky places. It has trifoliate leaves, deep rose purple blossoms and yellowish white prickles on the petioles and stems. It is a perennial shrub with velvety, deciduous leaves. Some horticulturists consider it to be a browse plant. Rosa stellata can be used as a groundcover or small shrub and grows best when partially exposed to sunlight. The purple flowers bloom in the summer and it typically grows to be between 16 and 24 inches tall. It attracts native bees and bumble bees. Native bees also use the plant for nesting materials.

text:
# Rosa stellata

***Rosa stellata*** is a species of rose known by the common names **desert rose**, **gooseberry rose**, and **star rose**. In Texas this type of rose grows on dry rocky places to 6,500 feet (2,000 m), such as the Trans-Pecos. It occurs in the mountain canyons of Arizona and New Mexico. It also grows in dry, rocky places. It has trifoliate leaves, deep rose purple blossoms and yellowish white prickles on the petioles and stems. It is a perennial shrub with velvety, deciduous leaves. Some horticulturists consider it to be a browse plant.

*Rosa stellata* can be used as a groundcover or small shrub and grows best when partially exposed to sunlight. The purple flowers bloom in the summer and it typically grows to be between 16 and 24 inches tall. It attracts native bees and bumble bees. Native bees also use the plant for nesting materials.

## InfoBox

| *Rosa stellata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ssp. *mirifica* | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Apparently Secure  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Genus: | *Rosa* |
| Species: | ***R. stellata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Rosa stellata***
Woot. | |
|


title: 1952–53 Serie C

abstract: The 1952–53 Serie C was the fifteenth edition of Serie C, the third highest league in the Italian football league system. The tournament was organized in a single table for the first time.

text:
# 1952–53 Serie C

The **1952–53 Serie C** was the fifteenth edition of Serie C, the third highest league in the Italian football league system.

The tournament was organized in a single table for the first time.

## Events

The league was organized into a single division of 18 teams.

* 5 had been relegated from Serie B after 1951–52 season;
* 11 had confirmed their places in the third division for the performances in 1951–52 Serie C;
* 2 obtained the place after a 4 teams qualification round.

No team had been promoted from lower divisions in 1951–52 season.

Each team played a total of 34 matches (17 at home, 17 away). The 2–1–0 point system was used for the classification.

At the end of the 34th round, teams at the first two positions of the classification were promoted in Serie B for the 1953–54 season. On the contrary, teams which finished their league at the last four places were relegated in IV Serie.

## Teams

| Club | City | Stadium | 1951–52 season |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Alessandria U.S. | Alessandria | Stadio Giuseppe Moccagatta | 4th in C/A | AlessandriaArsenalTarantoEmpoliLecceLivornoMantovaMolfettaParmaPaviaPiacenzaPisaReggianaSambenedetteseSanremeseStabiaToma MaglieVeneziaVigevanoclass=notpageimage|Serie C 1952–53 team distribution |
| U.S. ArsenalTaranto | Taranto | Stadio Valentino Mazzola | 2nd in C/D | |
| Empoli F.C. | Empoli | Stadio Carlo Castellani | 2nd in C/C | |
| U.S. Lecce | Lecce | Stadio Carlo Pranzo | 3rd in C/D | |
| U.S. Livorno | Livorno | Stadio Comunale | 16th in B | |
| A.C. Mantova | Mantua | Stadio Danilo Martelli | 3rd in C/B | |
| A.S. Molfetta | Molfetta | Stadio Paolo Poli | 4th in C/D | |
| A.S. Parma | Parma | Stadio Ennio Tardini | 2nd in C/B | |
| F.C. Pavia | Pavia | Stadio Pietro Fortunati | 3rd in C/A | |
| Piacenza F.C. | Piacenza | Stadio Barriera Genova | 1st in C/B | |
| Pisa S.C. | Pisa | Arena Garibaldi | 18th in B | |
| A.C. Reggiana | Reggio Emilia | Stadio Mirabello | 19th in B | |
| U.S. Sambenedettese | San Benedetto del Tronto | Stadio Fratelli Ballarin | 3rd in C/C | |
| U.S. Sanremese | Sanremo | Polisportivo Comunale | 2nd in C/A | |
| A.C. Stabia | Castellammare di Stabia | Stadio San Marco | 20th in B | |
| U.S. A. Toma Maglie | Maglie | Stadio Tamborino–Frisari | 1st in C/D | |
| A.C. Venezia | Venice | Stadio Pier Luigi Penzo | 16th in B | |
| A.C. Vigevano | Vigevano | Stadio Comunale | 1st in C/A | |

## Final classification

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Pavia | 34 | 22 | 4 | 8 | 54 | 29 | +25 | 48 | Promoted to Serie B |
| 2 | Alessandria | 34 | 17 | 12 | 5 | 54 | 31 | +23 | | 46 |
| 3 | ArsenalTaranto | 34 | 16 | 10 | 8 | 44 | 34 | +10 | 42 |  |
| 4 | Sanremese | 34 | 17 | 3 | 14 | 54 | 40 | +14 | | 37 |
| 5 | Empoli | 34 | 13 | 11 | 10 | 49 | 37 | +12 | | 37 |
| 6 | Parma | 34 | 14 | 8 | 12 | 47 | 31 | +16 | | 36 |
| 7 | Livorno | 34 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 30 | 33 | 3 | | 35 |
| 8 | Pisa | 34 | 12 | 9 | 13 | 38 | 45 | 7 | | 33 |
| 9 | Venezia | 34 | 13 | 7 | 14 | 30 | 43 | 13 | | 33 |
| 10 | Piacenza | 34 | 11 | 10 | 13 | 49 | 44 | +5 | | 32 |
| 11 | Toma Maglie | 34 | 11 | 10 | 13 | 32 | 33 | 1 | | 32 |
| 12 | Mantova | 34 | 13 | 6 | 15 | 36 | 45 | 9 | | 32 |
| 13 | Sambenedettese | 34 | 11 | 9 | 14 | 36 | 45 | 9 | | 31 |
| 14 | Lecce | 34 | 11 | 9 | 14 | 35 | 44 | 9 | | 31 |
| 15 | Molfetta | 34 | 7 | 16 | 11 | 34 | 45 | 11 | 30 | Relegated to IV Serie |
| 15 | Stabia | 34 | 7 | 10 | 17 | 34 | 58 | 24 | | 24 |
| 17 | Vigevano | 34 | 8 | 6 | 20 | 38 | 67 | 29 | | 22 |
| 18 | Reggiana | 34 | 9 | 13 | 12 | 46 | 37 | +9 | | 11 |

Source:
Notes:

## Results

| Home \ Away | ALE | ARS | EMP | LCE | LIV | MAN | MOL | PAR | PAV | PIA | PIS | REA | SBN | SNR | STA | TOM | VEN | VIG |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Alessandria |  | 1–1 | 1–0 | 3–0 | 3–1 | 4–1 | 2–2 | 1–0 | 0–0 | 2–2 | 2–0 | 1–0 | 3–0 | 1–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 4–1 | 3–1 |
| ArsenalTaranto | 2–0 |  | 1–1 | 1–2 | 3–1 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 1–0 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–0 | 2–0 | 1–0 | 3–1 | 2–1 | 0–1 | 4–2 |
| Empoli | 1–0 | 1–1 |  | 2–0 | 1–0 | 3–0 | 1–2 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 4–1 | 1–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 3–1 | 2–1 |
| Lecce | 0–0 | 1–2 | 1–2 |  | 0–0 | 2–0 | 4–2 | 0–1 | 3–2 | 1–0 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 2–1 | 1–1 | 0–0 | 2–1 | 3–1 |
| Livorno | 3–3 | 0–1 | 3–1 | 1–0 |  | 1–2 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 2–1 | 2–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 1–0 | 1–0 | 1–0 | 1–0 | 0–1 | 3–1 |
| Mantova | 3–3 | 0–1 | 2–0 | 3–1 | 2–2 |  | 3–1 | 1–0 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 3–2 | 5–1 | 1–4 | 2–0 | 1–0 | 2–0 | 0–2 |
| Molfetta | 0–0 | 0–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 0–0 | 0–1 |  | 1–2 | 1–1 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 2–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 2–0 |
| Parma | 2–0 | 4–1 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 0–0 | 1–0 | 4–1 |  | 1–2 | 2–0 | 4–0 | 1–2 | 2–0 | 1–0 | 4–0 | 2–1 | 5–0 | 5–2 |
| Pavia | 0–0 | 2–0 | 3–2 | 4–2 | 5–0 | 3–0 | 4–1 | 2–0 |  | 2–1 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 2–0 | 2–1 | 2–0 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 1–0 |
| Piacenza | 1–2 | 4–2 | 1–1 | 4–1 | 1–0 | 1–2 | 2–2 | 1–1 | 3–0 |  | 3–1 | 2–2 | 4–0 | 2–0 | 3–0 | 1–2 | 1–3 | 1–0 |
| Pisa | 3–3 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 1–1 | 0–0 | 0–1 | 2–0 | 0–0 | 0–1 | 2–1 |  | 2–1 | 4–1 | 0–2 | 3–0 | 1–0 | 3–1 | 3–1 |
| Reggiana | 1–1 | 1–1 | 3–0 | 1–2 | 1–2 | 0–0 | 4–2 | 1–0 | 0–1 | 0–0 | 6–0 |  | 1–1 | 2–0 | 5–1 | 0–0 | 3–1 | 4–0 |
| Sambenedettese | 2–0 | 1–1 | 3–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 1–0 | 1–2 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 3–1 | 1–1 | 0–0 |  | 4–0 | 3–0 | 1–0 | 0–0 | 0–0 |
| Sanremese | 1–2 | 3–4 | 2–1 | 1–0 | 1–0 | 3–0 | 6–2 | 2–1 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 0–2 | 3–1 | 4–1 |  | 4–1 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 4–2 |
| Stabia | 2–0 | 1–1 | 1–3 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 2–0 | 2–2 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 1–2 | 3–1 | 0–0 | 2–2 | 1–0 |  | 5–2 | 1–1 | 2–3 |
| Toma Maglie | 0–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 1–2 | 0–0 | 1–0 | 0–0 | 2–0 | 1–2 | 2–2 | 2–1 | 2–1 | 3–1 | 0–0 | 2–0 |  | 1–0 | 2–1 |
| Venezia | 0–3 | 1–0 | 1–0 | 2–0 | 1–0 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 2–1 | 2–0 | 2–1 | 0–0 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 1–0 | 0–2 |  | 0–0 |
| Vigevano | 1–1 | 0–1 | 1–10 | 1–0 | 1–2 | 1–0 | 1–0 | 4–1 | 0–1 | 3–0 | 1–2 | 0–0 | 2–2 | 1–3 | 1–2 | 0–0 | 3–2 |  |

Updated to match(es) played on unknown. Source: *Il Corriere dello Sport* – year 1953, available on emeroteca.coni.it (in Italian)
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.

## InfoBox

Serie C
| Season | 1952–53 |
| --- | --- |
| Promoted | Pavia and Alessandria |
| Relegated | Reggiana, Vigevano, Stabia and Molfetta |
| Matches played | 612 |
| Goals scored | 740 (1.21 per match) |
| Top goalscorer | Mario Tortul (21) |
| Biggest home win | Reggiana 6–0 Pisa |
| Biggest away win | Vigevano 1–10 Empoli |
| Highest scoring | Vigevano 1–10 Empoli |
| 1951–52 1953–54 | |


title: Don Ken Stephen

abstract: Don Ken Stephen Nmalamuwomu is a Vanuatuan politician and a member of the Parliament of Vanuatu from Malakula as a member of the People's Services Party. Ken has been appointed Minister of Youth Development and Training in 2008, Minister of Health from 2010 to 2011, Minister of Ni-Vanuatu Business Development in 2011, Minister of Health in 2012, Minister of Infrastructure and Public Utilities from October 2015 to February 2016, and Minister of Justice and Community Services from November 2018 to April 2020.

text:
# Don Ken Stephen

**Don Ken Stephen Nmalamuwomu** is a Vanuatuan politician and a member of the Parliament of Vanuatu from Malakula as a member of the People's Services Party.

Ken has been appointed Minister of Youth Development and Training in 2008, Minister of Health from 2010 to 2011, Minister of Ni-Vanuatu Business Development in 2011, Minister of Health in 2012, Minister of Infrastructure and Public Utilities from October 2015 to February 2016, and Minister of Justice and Community Services from November 2018 to April 2020.

## InfoBox

| The HonourableDon Ken Stephen NmalamuwomuMP | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| MP for Malakula | |
| **In office**<br>2008–2020 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1960-06-06) 6 June 1960 |
| Political party | People's Services Party |
|  | |


title: Chadwicks Wexford Park

abstract:
Chadwicks Wexford Park is a GAA stadium in Wexford, County Wexford, Republic of Ireland. It is the home of Wexford GAA's Gaelic football and hurling teams. After a recent development the ground has a capacity of about 18,000.
It is located in the Clonard area on the outskirts of Wexford Town. In 2015 a local technology company, Innovate Business Technology, signed a deal for the naming rights to the stadium. The new name unveiled was Innovate Wexford Park. In 2020 Chadwicks builders' providers replaced Innovate as the name sponsor of the stadium.

text:
# Chadwicks Wexford Park

**Chadwicks Wexford Park** is a GAA stadium in Wexford, County Wexford, Republic of Ireland. It is the home of Wexford GAA's Gaelic football and hurling teams. After a recent development the ground has a capacity of about 18,000. It is located in the Clonard area on the outskirts of Wexford Town. In 2015 a local technology company, Innovate Business Technology, signed a deal for the naming rights to the stadium. The new name unveiled was Innovate Wexford Park. In 2020 Chadwicks builders' providers replaced Innovate as the name sponsor of the stadium.

## Redevelopment

In 1997, Wexford received planning permission to redevelop Wexford Park. The redevelopment would cost IR£1 million. It was due to be completed for the National Feile Hurling Finals in 1998. However due to a long overrun, where both end terraces had yet to be constructed, in 2000 they were given an Irish National Lottery grant to cover some of the cost of the overrun. The pitch was discovered to require re-installation of the drainage system as well. The overall cost of the project was IR£3.3 million. The redeveloped stadium was opened in 2001 with a Roman Catholic gathering with a veneration of the relics of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux and it was attended by the Apistolic Nuncio to Ireland, Dr. Giuseppe Lazzarotto and the Bishop of Ferns, Brendan Comiskey.

However, by 2011 the new design of the stadium caused problems. Due to the development including continuous benches along the length of the stand rather than individual seats, it made complying with health and safety regulations difficult due to having to estimate the number of fans that could be accommodated safely. This was seen when there was a Wexford double-header of Gaelic football and hurling with empty spaces in the stands being visible, despite being sold out.

The venue’s first event under newly installed floodlights took place between Wexford and Kilkenny in the 2023 Walsh Cup.

## Naming rights

| Period | Sponsor | Name |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015-2019 | Innovate | Innovate Wexford Park |  |
| 2020- | Chadwicks | Chadwicks Wexford Park |  |

## InfoBox

Chadwicks Wexford Park
| ***Páirc Loch Garman*** | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Clonard Road, Wexford, County Wexford, Y35 RT91, Ireland |
| Coordinates | 52°19′57″N 6°28′33″W / 52.33250°N 6.47583°W / 52.33250; -6.47583 |
| Public transit | Wexford railway station |
| Owner | Wexford GAA |
| Capacity | 18,000 |


title: Chloroxylon

abstract: Chloroxylon is a genus of trees in the family Rutaceae. The genus comprises two species, both desired for their wood as high quality tropical timber and heavily exploited. It has rough and spongy outer bark. Timber is very tough and durable. It has a typical unpleasant smell.

text:
# Chloroxylon

***Chloroxylon*** is a genus of trees in the family Rutaceae. The genus comprises two species, both desired for their wood as high quality tropical timber and heavily exploited.

It has rough and spongy outer bark. Timber is very tough and durable. It has a typical unpleasant smell.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Chloroxylon* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Chloroxylon swietenia* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Rutaceae |
| Subfamily: | Rutoideae |
| Genus: | *Chloroxylon*<br>DC. |
|


title: Levantine Bronze Age

abstract: Named after its regional range, the Levantine Bronze Age refers to a culture extended over the actual territory of the Valencian Community, in the "Levante" or eastern side of the Iberian peninsula. Its chronological range was between 2200 BC and 1500 BC. It is considered an autonomous culture in relation to the Argaric culture by Miquel Tarradell in the sixties. The main aspects that allow the distinction of the Valencian Bronze from that of El Argar are the scarcity of metallic objects, the lack of carinated cups and ceramics, and the lack of the rite involving the inhumation of the deceased under its home floor. The economy was involved mainly in agriculture and herding. The metallurgy was much more developed in the southern part by the influence of the near Argaric culture. Oppida were defended by natural elements, tenches, walls and towers. The houses were rectangular and the walls had stone basements. Caves were used as funerary places.

text:
# Levantine Bronze Age

Named after its regional range, the Levantine Bronze Age (or Bronze of Levant, or Valencian Bronze) refers to a culture extended over the actual territory of the Valencian Community, in the "Levante" or eastern side of the Iberian peninsula. Its chronological range was between 2200 BC and 1500 BC.

It is considered an autonomous culture in relation to the Argaric culture by Miquel Tarradell in the sixties. The main aspects that allow the distinction of the Valencian Bronze from that of El Argar are the scarcity of metallic objects, the lack of carinated cups and ceramics, and the lack of the rite involving the inhumation of the deceased under its home floor.

The economy was involved mainly in agriculture and herding. The metallurgy was much more developed in the southern part by the influence of the near Argaric culture.

Oppida were defended by natural elements, tenches, walls and towers. The houses were rectangular and the walls had stone basements.

Caves were used as funerary places.

## Genetic profile

Individuals from diverse archaeological sites were tested, a male from the barrow or collective burial mound known as Túmulo Mortòrum (Cabanes) had Y-chromosome R1b-P310, and a male inhumated in a cave near Lloma de Betxí had subclade R1b-Z195. Other individuals were tested from Cueva del Puntal de los Carniceros (Villena), Coveta del Frare (La Font de la Figuera), La Horna (Aspe) and Cabezo Redondo (Villena), belonging also to haplogroup R1b, but it is difficult to relate them to a given culture as the Vinalopó valley stands amid the Argaric culture, the Valencia Bronze Age and Motillas (or Manchego Bronze) areas.

## InfoBox

Levantine Bronze or Bronze of Levante or Valencian Bronze Age
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Geographical range | East Spain |
| Period | Bronze Age |
| Dates | c. 2200 — c. 1500 BC |
| Preceded by | Bell Beaker culture |
| Followed by | Iberians |
| Defined by | Miquel Tarradell |


title: St Mary's Church, Sutterton

abstract: St Mary's Church is an Anglican church and Grade I Listed building in Sutterton, Lincolnshire, England.

text:
# St Mary's Church, Sutterton

**St Mary's Church** (or **The Church of Saint Mary the Blessed Virgin**) is an Anglican church and Grade I Listed building in Sutterton, Lincolnshire, England.

## Architecture

The present stone church is cruciform in shape and dates to the second half of the 12th century. It is predominantly constructed with Barnack stone ashlars.

Over time the building has been altered to keep up with the fashions of the time and generally to enhance its status. In Victorian times there was significant re-building, particularly of the chancel and south transept. In 1862 this was overseen by the architect Edward Browning of Stamford. Much of the original stone and special features were re-incorporated so that the building did not become overwhelmingly "victorianised".

Notably, the original arch and surround of the carved Norman north door was left in place. D Stocker, in the Corpus of Romanesque Sculpture in Britain and Ireland, has suggested that the decoration around the arch of the north doorway is one of the richest Romanesque survivals in the county and that it recalls the decoration on the north portal on the west facade of Lincoln Cathedral.

Alterations took place in the remainder of the 19th century including the installation of the pews, the tiled floors and walls in the chancel and the mosaic reredos.

The church is Grade I listed.

## 14th-century figures

The chancel houses three recumbent 14th-century stone figures, representing John Boneworth, who was priest in the parish in 1400, together with his mother and father. They were recently moved from the south transept.

## Bells

There is a peal of eight bells, with the heaviest weighing just over twelve cwt. The bells date from the 18th century, but two were recast in 1937. In addition there is a sanctus or priest's bell thought to have been made by Simon Hathfield of London in about 1353.

The bells were re-hung on an iron frame with ball bearings by Taylors of Loughborough in 1937.

## InfoBox

| St Mary's Church | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 52°54′08″N 0°05′28″W / 52.90213°N 0.09106°W / 52.90213; -0.09106 | |
| Location | Sutterton |
| Country | England |
| Denomination | Church of England |
| History | |
| Status | Church |
| Founded | 12th century |
| Architecture | |
| Heritage designation | Grade I |
| Designated | 26 January 1967 |
| Style | Norman, Early English |
| Administration | |
| Diocese | Lincoln |
| Parish | Sutterton, Lincolnshire |
| Clergy | |
| Vicar(s) | Rev. C Robertson |


title: Tiffany Cross Medal of Honor

abstract: The Tiffany Cross Medal of Honor arose immediately after World War I, as the US Navy decided to recognize via the Medal of Honor two manners of heroism, one in combat and one in the line of a sailor's profession. The original upside-down star was designated as the non-combat version and a new pattern of the medal pendant, in cross form, was designed by the Tiffany Company in 1919. It was to be presented to a sailor or Marine who "in action involving actual conflict with the enemy, distinguish[es] himself conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty and without detriment to his mission." This pendant became the Tiffany Cross.

text:
# Tiffany Cross Medal of Honor

The **Tiffany Cross Medal of Honor** arose immediately after World War I, as the US Navy decided to recognize via the Medal of Honor two manners of heroism, one in combat and one in the line of a sailor's profession. The original upside-down star was designated as the non-combat version and a new pattern of the medal pendant, in cross form, was designed by the Tiffany Company in 1919. It was to be presented to a sailor or Marine who "in action involving actual conflict with the enemy, distinguish\[es\] himself conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty and without detriment to his mission." This pendant became the Tiffany Cross.

## Description

The Tiffany Cross is suspended from the light blue Medal of Honor ribbon with 13 white stars. At the ribbon top is a bar with the word "VALOUR". The medal is a gold cross pattée overlaying an oak and laurel wreath on the obverse side, with an antique anchor in each arm of the cross. The center, overlaying the cross, is an octagon with the phrases "UNITED STATES NAVY" to the top and "1917**·**1918" to the bottom, on the perimeter separated by two stars. The center of the octagon is the Great Seal of the United States. The reverse side is flat, suitable for engraving. Awardees' medals often had intricate inscriptions.

## Authorization

On 4 February 1919, in the same act that created the Navy Cross and the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Congress provided:

> That the President of the United States be, and is hereby authorized to present in the name of Congress, a Medal of Honor to any person who, while in the naval service of the United States, shall, in action involving actual conflict with the enemy, distinguish himself conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty and without detriment to the mission of his command or the command to which attached.

Designed by Tiffany Company, this medal became the Tiffany Cross and eligibility was retroactive to 6 April 1917, when the United States entered World War I.

## Inconsistent presentations

Despite the "actual conflict" guidelines, the Tiffany Cross was awarded to Floyd Bennett and Richard Byrd for arctic exploration, and to John Siegel for a rescue at sea. In the words of the Congressional Medal of Honor Society, the Tiffany Cross Program was "poorly regulated and documented."

## Unpopularity and deauthorization

The Tiffany Cross was unpopular, perhaps because it so closely resembled the German Iron Cross. Recipients, such as Richard E. Byrd, requested, received, and wore the classical inverted star design. Byrd received his Tiffany Cross on 27 February 1927 from President Coolidge. He received his classical Medal of Honor on 20 June 1930 from President Hoover. His motives for the change are not recorded. In 1942, the Navy returned to using only the original 1862 inverted 5-point star design, and ceased issuing the award for non-combat action.

## Next lower award

During the Tiffany Cross's active status, the next lower naval award was the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, followed by the Navy Cross. By congressional action on 7 August 1942, in the same act that terminated the Tiffany Cross, the Distinguished Service Medal and the Navy Cross swapped places, with the Navy Cross also becoming solely a combat award.

## Recipients

The US Naval History & Heritage Command asserts that 28 sailors and Marines received the Tiffany Cross, but does not provide a list. The Navy's assertion of 28 recipients is believed to be derived from the fact that 21 Sailors and 7 Marines were awarded the Medal of Honor for actions during World War I. However, a review of:

* presentation photographs to Medal of Honor recipients,
* photographs or paintings of recipients wearing a Tiffany Cross,
* photographs of engravings on the medal's reverse side (many on the Naval History website),
* museum displays of recipient medals,
* recipient headstone markers,
* newspaper accounts of the presentation ceremony and
* application of the "actual conflict" criterion

make a nearly complete list of 22 recipients. Based on analysis of all recipients of the Navy version of the Medal of Honor from 1919 to 1942, these 22 recipients are believed to be the only individuals that received the Tiffany Cross version of the Medal of Honor. There are at least three recipients (Byrd, Bennett, Siegal) who were awarded the Tiffany Cross for non-combat actions. There may be other in-period recipients, but these are not known and would require similar investigation.

### List

Lavender background and   indicates that the
Medal of Honor was awarded posthumously.

| Image | Name | Service | Date of action | Combat | Action |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Osmond K. Ingram | Navy | 15 October 1917 | Yes | Ingram was killed while attempting to release depth charges in the face of an oncoming torpedo. He is one of thirteen recipients receiving the Tiffany Cross from a single Department of the Navy announcement issued 11 November 1920, many of whom present photographic evidence. His action meets the "actual conflict" criterion. Osmond K. Ingram's Tiffany Cross medal, and other military decorations, are part of the collection of the Birmingham, AL Museum of Art. |
|  | Alexander G. Lyle | Navy, Dental Corps | 23 April 1918 | Yes | Lyle exposed himself to hostile fire to treat a wounded man. He is one of thirteen recipients receiving the Tiffany Cross from a single Department of the Navy announcement issued 11 November 1920, many of whom present photographic evidence. He has a museum display, and meets the "actual conflict" criterion. There is a photo of the recipient wearing his Tiffany Cross. |
|  | Daniel A. J. Sullivan | Naval Reserve | 21 May 1918 | Yes | Sullivan secured a group of live depth charges. He is one of thirteen recipients receiving the Tiffany Cross from a single Department of the Navy announcement issued 11 November 1920, many of whom present photographic evidence. He meets the "actual conflict" criterion. |
|  | Edouard V. M. Izac | Navy | 21 May 1918 | Yes | Izac gathered intelligence while a prisoner of war; he then escaped and brought the information to the Allies. There is a photograph of his medal's engraving. |
|  | Ernest A. Janson | Marine Corps | 6 June 1918 | Yes | Janson single-handedly attacked and dispersed a machine gun detachment. He meets the "actual conflict" criterion. Janson also received the Army version of the Medal of Honor for the same action. There is a photograph of the recipient wearing his Tiffany Cross. |
|  | Weedon E. Osborne | Navy, Dental Corps | 6 June 1918 | Yes | Osborne was killed while rescuing wounded men from under heavy fire. There is a museum display of his medal. The Tiffany Cross medal recovered by the FBI is clearly a replica Tiffany Cross (the casting is poor quality and the engraving is the incorrect style). |
|  | Orlando H. Petty | Naval Reserve, Medical Corps | 11 June 1918 | Yes | Petty tended the wounded despite artillery and gas attacks, even after his gas mask was rendered useless. There is a photograph of the recipient wearing his Tiffany Cross. |
|  | Louis Cukela | Marine Corps | 18 July 1918 | Yes | Cukela single-handedly attacked and captured a German strongpoint. There is a photograph of the recipient wearing his Tiffany Cross. |
|  | Matej Kocak | Marine Corps | 18 July 1918 | Yes | Kocak single-handedly silenced a machine gun nest and led a successful attack on a second nest. He meets the "actual conflict" criterion. |
|  | Joel T. Boone | Navy, Medical Corps | 19 July 1918 | Yes | Boone exposed himself to intense fire in order to treat the wounded and bring in supplies. There is a photograph of the recipient wearing his Tiffany Cross. |
|  | Charles H. Hammann | Navy | 21 August 1918 | Yes | Hammann rescued a fellow pilot who had been shot down. He is one of thirteen recipients receiving the Tiffany Cross from a single Department of the Navy announcement issued 11 November 1920, many of whom present photographic evidence. He meets the "actual conflict" criterion. |
|  | David E. Hayden | Navy | 15 September 1918 | Yes | Hayden reached a wounded man, treated him, and carried him to safety despite intense fire. He is one of thirteen recipients receiving the Tiffany Cross from a single Department of the Navy announcement issued 11 November 1920, many of whom present photographic evidence. There is a museum display of his medal, and he meets the "actual conflict" criterion. |
|  | John J. Kelly | Marine Corps | 3 October 1918 | Yes | Kelly single-handedly attacked a machine gun nest under an artillery barrage. There is a painting of the recipient wearing his Tiffany Cross, and there is a museum display of his medal. |
|  | John H. Pruitt | Marine Corps | 3 October 1918 | Yes | Pruitt single-handedly captured two machine guns and forty prisoners. There is a museum display of his medal, and he meets the "actual conflict" criterion. |
|  | James J. Madison | Naval Reserve | 4 October 1918 | Yes | Madison continued to lead his ship after being severely wounded during a U-boat attack. There is a photograph of the recipient wearing his Tiffany Cross. |
|  | John H. Balch | Naval Reserve | 5 October 1918 | Yes | Balch exposed himself to intense fire in order to treat the wounded and establish a dressing station. He is one of thirteen recipients receiving the Tiffany Cross from a single Department of the Navy announcement issued 11 November 1920, many of whom present photographic evidence. He has a museum display of his medal, and he meets the "actual conflict" criterion. |
|  | Robert G. Robinson | Marine Corps | 14 October 1918 | Yes | Robinson continued to fire his weapon after being severely wounded in an aerial battle against twelve German planes. There is a photograph of his medal's engraving, and museum display of the medal. |
|  | Ralph Talbot | Marine Corps | 14 October 1918 | Yes | Talbot, with gunner Robert G. Robinson, shot down one plane in an aerial battle against twelve German aircraft. He is one of thirteen recipients receiving the Tiffany Cross from a single Department of the Navy announcement issued 11 November 1920, many of whom present photographic evidence. There is a museum display of his medal, and he meets the "actual conflict" criterion. |
|  | John O. Siegel | Navy | 1 November 1918 | No | Seigel rescued two men from a burning vessel before being trapped and collapsing from the smoke. There is a museum display of his medal. |
|  | Floyd Bennett | Navy | 9 May 1926 | No | Bennett's award is for his part in what was thought to be the first successful heavier-than-air flight to the North Pole and back. There is a photograph of the recipient receiving his medal. |
|  | Richard E. Byrd | Navy | 9 May 1926 | No | Byrd's award is for leading what was thought to be the first successful heavier-than-air flight to the North Pole and back. There is a photograph of the recipient receiving his medal. |
|  | Frank Schilt | Marine Corps | 8 January 1928 | Yes | Schilt evacuated wounded Marines by plane while under fire. There is a photograph of the recipient wearing his medal. |

1. US Naval History & Heritage Command (24 January 2001). "The Navy Cross". Retrieved 25 January 2016.
2. US Naval History & Heritage Command (23 January 2008). "80-G-K-13534 World War I U.S. Navy Medal of Honor ("Tiffany Cross" pattern)". Department of the Navy. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
3. NGS (1944). *Insignia and Decorations of the U.S. Armed Forces*. National Geographic Society.
4. HyperWar Foundation. "HyperWar: Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual – 1953, Part I". HyperWar Foundation. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
5. Congressional Medal of Honor Society. "CMOHS.org – History of the Medal of Honor". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
6. "Coolidge awarding Medal of Honor to Byrd and Bennett 1927". Library of Congress. 1927. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
7. US Naval History & Heritage Command. "Photo # NH 41633 Radm. R. E. Byrd, USN, receives his Medal of Honor from Pres. Hoover 20 June 1930". US Naval History & Heritage Command. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
8. Birnie, Michael (27 April 2003). ""Tiffany" Medal of Honor Comes to Navy Museum". The Navy Museum Public Affairs. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
9. US Naval History & Heritage Command (23 January 2008). "NH 78213-KN World War I U.S. Navy Medal of Honor ("Tiffany Cross" pattern)". Department of the Navy. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
10. "Medal of Honor recipients: World War I". United States Army Center of Military History. 27 July 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
11. New York Times (12 November 1920). "13 Get Medal of Honor". *New York Times*.
12. US Naval History & Heritage Command (23 January 2008). "Lieutenant Orlando H. Petty, Medical Corps, USNRF (1874–1932)". Department of the Navy. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
13. US Naval History & Heritage Command (11 June 2008). "Private John J. Kelly, USMC, (1898–1957)". Department of the Navy. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
14. US Naval History & Heritage Command (23 January 2008). "Commander James J. Madison, USNRF, 1888–1922". Department of the Navy. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
15. "John Henry Balch". Phi Delta Theta. 6 June 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
16. "Reverse of John Otto Siegel's Tiffany Cross". Retrieved 28 December 2012.
17. Military Times. "Valor awards for Floyd Bennett". Gannett Government Media Corporation. Retrieved 13 December 2012.
18. Military Times. "Valor awards for Richard Evelyn Byrd, Jr". Gannett Government Media Corporation. Retrieved 13 December 2012.
19. Military Times. "Valor awards for Christian Franklin Schilt". Gannett Government Media Corporation. Retrieved 13 December 2012.

## InfoBox

| Tiffany Cross Medal of Honor | |
| --- | --- |
| 1919–1942 Navy "Tiffany Cross" pattern | |
| Type | Medal (Decoration) |
| Awarded for | Gallantry and intrepidity in actual conflict at the risk of one's life above and beyond the call of duty |
| Description | Modified cross pattée |
| Presented by | the President of the United States<br>in the name of Congress |
| Eligibility | US Navy and Marine Corps personnel, 1917–1942 |
| Motto | VALOUR |
| Status | Obsolete 7 August 1942 |
| Established | 4 February 1919 (retroactive to 6 April 1917) |
| First awarded | 15 October 1917, World War I |
| Last awarded | 8 January 1928, Nicaragua |
| Total | 22 |
| Total awarded posthumously | 5 |
| Total recipients | 22 |
|  | |
| Details of the Tiffany Cross | |
|  | |
| Precedence | |
| Equivalent | Medal of Honor |
| Next (lower) | Navy Distinguished Service Medal |


title: Chinakurali

abstract: Chinakurali is a village in Pandavapura, Mandya, Karnataka, India.

text:
# Chinakurali

12°32′22″N 76°36′14″E / 12.539373°N 76.603895°E / 12.539373; 76.603895 **Chinakurali** is a village in Pandavapura, Mandya, Karnataka, India.

## Location

Chinakurali village is located between Pandavapura and Krishnarajpet towns in Southern Karnataka. The village is located 1\`2 km away from Pandavapura town.

## Demographics

The village has a population of 12000 people as per the 2011 census. The area of the village is 398 hectares.

## Administration

Chinakurali villages is part of Pandavapura Taluk in Mandya district. The village is 137 km from the state capital of Bangalore.

## Nearby places

* Lingapura, 1 km
* Kumbarakoppalu, 1 km
* Chikka Boganahalli, 2 km
* Kanganahalli, 2 km

## Post office

There is a post office in Chinakurali and the postal code is 571455. The post office comes under Mandya Head Post Office.


title: Renegade Brewery

abstract: Renegade Brewery is a brewery in Yattendon, Berkshire, England. Founded in 1995 as the West Berkshire Brewery by husband and wife Dave and Helen Maggs, the brewery began in a brickworks shed in Frilsham. The company has received a number of SIBA and CAMRA local beer festival awards. Having entered administration in 2021, the brewery was acquired by the Yattendon Group and was renamed the Renegade Brewery.

text:
# Renegade Brewery

51°28′2″N 1°12′17″W / 51.46722°N 1.20472°W / 51.46722; -1.20472

**Renegade Brewery** is a brewery in Yattendon, Berkshire, England. Founded in 1995 as the **West Berkshire Brewery** by husband and wife Dave and Helen Maggs, the brewery began in a brickworks shed in Frilsham. The company has received a number of SIBA and CAMRA local beer festival awards.

Having entered administration in 2021, the brewery was acquired by the Yattendon Group and was renamed the Renegade Brewery.

## History

West Berkshire Brewery was founded in the summer of 1995 in a dilapidated building behind the Pot Kiln in Frilsham. Within the first year of operations, the brewery won their first award.

By 2000, the business had outgrown the original site and so opened a second unit in Yattendon, thus increasing capacity to 25 barrels per week. Further growth meant that in 2006 more fermenters were installed, increasing capacity to 80 barrels per week.

In 2005, the brewery acquired their first pub, the Rising Sun at Stockcross. In 2007, the pub won West Berkshire CAMRA's pub of the year award. The same year, the Frilsham plant ceased operations, and the brewery operated solely from Yattendon.

In 2013, the brewery appointed David Bruce, founder of the Firkin pub chain, as director. and is chairman of the company. In 2017, the brewery opened a purpose-built facility with shop, bar, and restaurant.

In 2021, allegations of workplace bullying and sexual harassment were made against the brewery by anonymous current and former employees. Following an internal review, the managing director was removed from their post. On 23 December 2021, the brewery entered administration and it was announced the following week that it had been purchased by the local Yattendon Group. In 2022, the brewery rebranded itself as Renegade Brewery, and Ian Rogers taking over as the new managing director.

## InfoBox

Renegade Brewery
|
|  |
| Industry | Brewing |
| Founded | 1995 |
| Founders | Dave and Helen Maggs |
| Headquarters | Yattendon, Berkshire, England |
| Products | Beer |
| Parent | Yattendon Group |
| Website | renegadebrewery.co.uk |


title: Ron Fenton (Australian footballer)

abstract: Ron Fenton is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

text:
# Ron Fenton (Australian footballer)

**Ron Fenton** (born 23 September 1950) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## InfoBox

| Ron Fenton | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Ron Fenton | | |
| Date of birth | (1950-09-23) 23 September 1950 | | |
| Original team(s) | Spotswood | | |
| Height | 185 cm (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Weight | 83 kg (183 lb) | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1970–71 | Footscray | 11 (15) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1971. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: 1963–64 Leeds United A.F.C. season

abstract: The 1963–64 season was Leeds United's 37th season in the Football League, and their fourth consecutive season in the Football League Second Division, the second tier of English football, where they finished first, and won promotion back to the First Division. Alongside the Second Division, the club competed in the FA Cup and the Football League Cup, being eliminated in the fourth round of both competitions.

text:
# 1963–64 Leeds United A.F.C. season

The **1963–64 season** was Leeds United's 37th season in the Football League, and their fourth consecutive season in the Football League Second Division, the second tier of English football, where they finished first, and won promotion back to the First Division. Alongside the Second Division, the club competed in the FA Cup and the Football League Cup, being eliminated in the fourth round of both competitions.

## Background

## Season summary

## Competitions

### Second Division

#### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GAv | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Leeds United (C, P) | 42 | 24 | 15 | 3 | 71 | 34 | 2.088 | 63 | Promotion to the First Division |
| 2 | Sunderland (P) | 42 | 25 | 11 | 6 | 81 | 37 | 2.189 | | 61 |
| 3 | Preston North End | 42 | 23 | 10 | 9 | 79 | 54 | 1.463 | 56 |  |
| 4 | Charlton Athletic | 42 | 19 | 10 | 13 | 76 | 70 | 1.086 | | 48 |
| 5 | Southampton | 42 | 19 | 9 | 14 | 100 | 73 | 1.370 | | 47 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal average; 3) Goals scored
(C) Champions; (P) Promoted

#### Matches

| Win | Draw | Loss |
| --- | --- | --- |

Second Division match results
| Date | Opponent | Venue | Result
F–A | Scorers | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 28 August 1963 | Rotherham United | Home | 1–0 | Weston | 22,517 |
| 31 August 1963 | Bury | Home | 3–0 | Collins, Storrie, Johanneson | 26,041 |
| 3 September 1963 | Rotherham United | Away | 2–2 | Charlton, Johanneson | 14,178 |
| 7 September 1963 | Manchester City | Away | 2–3 | Lawson, Johanneson | 29,186 |
| 11 September 1963 | Portsmouth | Home | 3–1 | Storrie, Weston, Bremner | 24,926 |
| 14 September 1963 | Swindon Town | Home | 0–0 |  | 33,301 |
| 18 September 1963 | Portsmouth | Away | 1–1 | Henderson | 12,569 |
| 21 September 1963 | Cardiff City | Away | 0–0 |  | 16,117 |
| 28 September 1963 | Norwich City | Home | 4–2 | Weston (2), Johanneson, Collins pen. | 22,804 |
| 1 October 1963 | Northampton Town | Away | 3–0 | Lawson, Weston, Collins | 15,079 |
| 5 October 1963 | Scunthorpe United | Away | 1–0 | Lawson | 10,793 |
| 9 October 1963 | Middlesbrough | Home | 2–0 | Hunter, Collins | 36,919 |
| 12 October 1963 | Huddersfield Town | Away | 2–0 | Giles, Weston | 31,220 |
| 19 October 1963 | Derby County | Home | 2–2 | Charlton, Weston | 29,864 |
| 26 October 1963 | Southampton | Away | 4–1 | Lawson (2), Giles, Johanneson | 18,036 |
| 2 November 1963 | Charlton Athletic | Home | 1–1 | Charlton | 32,344 |
| 9 November 1963 | Grimsby Town | Away | 2–0 | Lawson, Weston | 12,194 |
| 16 November 1963 | Preston North End | Home | 1–1 | Johanneson | 33,841 |
| 23 November 1963 | Leyton Orient | Away | 2–0 | Collins, Johanneson | 12,072 |
| 30 November 1963 | Swansea Town | Home | 2–1 | Johanneson, Bell | 21,870 |
| 7 December 1963 | Plymouth Argyle | Away | 1–0 | Johanneson | 9,918 |
| 14 December 1963 | Northampton Town | Home | 0–0 |  | 21,108 |
| 21 December 1963 | Bury | Away | 2–1 | Weston, Lawson | 7,453 |
| 26 December 1963 | Sunderland | Home | 1–1 | Lawson | 41,167 |
| 28 December 1963 | Sunderland | Away | 0–2 |  | 55,046 |
| 11 January 1964 | Manchester City | Home | 1–0 | Weston | 33,737 |
| 18 January 1964 | Swindon Town | Away | 2–2 | Giles, Hunter | 19,015 |
| 1 February 1964 | Cardiff City | Home | 1–1 | Johanneson | 28,039 |
| 8 February 1964 | Norwich City | Away | 2–2 | Weston, Peacock | 20,843 |
| 15 February 1964 | Scunthorpe United | Home | 1–0 | Johanneson | 28,868 |
| 22 February 1964 | Huddersfield Town | Home | 1–1 | Storrie | 36,439 |
| 3 March 1964 | Preston North End | Away | 0–2 |  | 35,612 |
| 7 March 1964 | Southampton | Home | 3–1 | Lawson, Collins, Johanneson | 24,077 |
| 14 March 1964 | Middlesbrough | Away | 3–1 | Lawson, Peacock, Giles | 15,986 |
| 21 March 1964 | Grimsby Town | Home | 3–1 | Lawson, Bremner, Peacock | 25,351 |
| 27 March 1964 | Newcastle United | Away | 1–0 | Giles | 55,038 |
| 28 March 1964 | Derby County | Away | 1–1 | Peacock | 16,757 |
| 30 March 1964 | Newcastle United | Home | 2–1 | Weston, Johanneson | 40,105 |
| 4 April 1964 | Leyton Orient | Home | 2–1 | Giles, Weston | 30,920 |
| 11 April 1964 | Swansea Town | Away | 3–0 | Peacock (2), Giles | 14,321 |
| 18 April 1964 | Plymouth Argyle | Home | 1–1 | Bell | 34,725 |
| 25 April 1964 | Charlton Athletic | Away | 2–0 | Peacock (2) | 21,323 |

### FA Cup

FA Cup match details
| Round | Date | Opponent | Venue | Result
F–A | Scorers | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Third round | 4 January 1964 | Cardiff City | Away | 1–0 | Bremner | 13,932 |
| Fourth round | 25 January 1964 | Everton | Home | 1–1 | Lawson | 48,286 |
| Fourth round replay | 28 January 1964 | Everton | Away | 0–2 |  | 66,167 |

### League Cup

League Cup match details
| Round | Date | Opponent | Venue | Result
F–A | Scorers | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Second round | 25 September 1963 | Mansfield Town | Home | 5–1 | Lawson (2), Bell, Johanneson (2) | 9,843 |
| Third round | 22 October 1963 | Swansea Town | Home | 2–0 | Lawson, Storrie | 10,748 |
| Fourth round | 27 November 1963 | Manchester City | Away | 1–3 | Weston | 10,769 |

## InfoBox

Leeds United
| 1963–64 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Chairman | Harry Reynolds |
| Manager | Don Revie |
| Stadium | Elland Road |
| Second Division | **1st** (promoted) |
| FA Cup | Fourth round |
| League Cup | Fourth round |
| Highest home attendance | 41,167 vs. Sunderland, Second Division, 26 December 1963 |
| Lowest home attendance | 9,843 vs. Mansfield Town, League Cup, 25 September 1963 |
| Average home league attendance | 29,951 |
|  | |


title: Dolophones turrigera

abstract: Dolophones turrigera is a species of spider indigenous to Australia. It was first described in 1867 by Ludwig von Koch. It is able to camouflage itself among plant material during the day and spins a web at night.

text:
# Dolophones turrigera

***Dolophones turrigera*** is a species of spider indigenous to Australia. It was first described in 1867 by Ludwig von Koch. It is able to camouflage itself among plant material during the day and spins a web at night.

## InfoBox

| Turreted Wrap-around spider | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Araneidae |
| Genus: | *Dolophones* |
| Species: | ***D. turrigera*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dolophones turrigera***<br>(Koch, 1867) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Gasteracantha turrigera* Koch, 1867 * *Tholia conifera* Keyserling, 1886 | |


title: Cha Cha Cha (album)

abstract: Cha Cha Cha is the third album by English rock band EMF, released in 1995 under the EMI label.

text:
# Cha Cha Cha (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Encyclopedia of Popular Music* |  |

***Cha Cha Cha*** is the third album by English rock band EMF, released in 1995 under the EMI label.

## Critical reception

*Trouser Press* wrote that "flashes of EMF’s early techno-pop sound surface in 'Bleeding You Dry,' by far the most listenable track on 1995’s *Cha Cha Cha*. Almost every other cut on this would-be comeback, however, finds the band groping-unsuccessfully — for some new musical direction."

## Track listing

1. "Perfect Day" – 3:35
2. "La Plage" – 3:44
3. "The Day I Was Born" – 3:50
4. "Secrets" – 3:56
5. "Shining" – 6:10
6. "Bring Me Down" – 4:20
7. "Skin" – 4:22
8. "Slouch" – 2:17
9. "Bleeding You Dry" – 5:20
10. "Patterns" – 3:37
11. "When Will You Come" – 3:39
12. "West of the Cox" – 4:08
13. "Ballad O' the Bishop" – 4:09
14. "Glass Smash Jack" – 4:20

**Japanese bonus track**

1.
2. "Angel"

## InfoBox

| Cha Cha Cha | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by EMF | |
| Released | 2 March 1995 |
| Recorded | 1994 |
| Genre | Alternative rock |
| Length | 57:27 |
| Label | Parlophone |
| Producer | Jonny Dollar |
| EMF chronology | |
| *Stigma*
(1992) ***Cha Cha Cha***
(1995) *Epsom Mad Funkers: The Best of EMF*
(2001) | |


title: Sonkuriha

abstract: Sonkuriha, 'Suvarnakundya' in ancient times, is a village in Nalbari district of Western Assam.

text:
# Sonkuriha

**Sonkuriha**, 'Suvarnakundya' in ancient times, is a village in Nalbari district of Western Assam.

## Etymology

The modern name is derived from Sanskrit form 'Suvarnakundya', the ancient name of the area.

## History

The arthashastra of Kautilya mentioned flourishing trade with Kamrup. He mentioned finest sik of his times was produced in Sonkuriha (Suvarnakundya). It also produced a special perfume named 'Tailaparnika', which also produced in at least six other places within Kamrup region. The Kamrup also produced Chandana and Aguru products at that time.

Like rest of Kamrup region, language used in Sonkuriha is Assamese language.

## Festivals

Domahi, Amati, Durga Puja, Kali Puja (Shyama Puja, Diwali), Holi, Janmastami, Shivratri etc. are major festivals of the village. Vedic culture is widespread in day-to-day life.

## Transport

The village is well connected to

## Bibliography

* Ghoble, T. R. (2000). *India, China, and South-East Asia: Dynamics of Development*. Deep & Deep Publications. ISBN 978-81-7629-204-7.

## InfoBox

| Sonkuriha Suvarnakundya | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| SonkurihaLocation in Assam, IndiaSonkurihaSonkuriha (India) | |
| Coordinates: 26°23′N 91°27′E / 26.39°N 91.45°E / 26.39; 91.45 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Assam |
| Region | Western Assam |
| District | Nalbari |
| Government | |
| Body | Gram panchayat |
| Elevation | 42 m (138 ft) |
| Languages | |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Telephone code | 03624 |
| Vehicle registration | AS-14-XXXX |
| Website | nalbari.nic.in |


title: Levantine Gothic

abstract:
The Levantine Gothic is the Gothic style developed in Levante, the Mediterranean area of Spain, characterized by its halls and churches of great horizontal extent with emphasis on the structural part supported by buttresses and minimal and austere decorations. The main differences with Castilian Gothic are:
  - single nave instead of three, in case that there are, has the same height and the wider central
  - chapels between the buttresses
  - thinner supports
  - low figurative decoration, dominated by the geometric type
  - minor surface of openings, resulting in a low light penetration. Very few examples of this style of architecture exist outside the larger Christian strongholds. The surrounding countryside was still being fought over by the Spanish Christians and Spanish Muslims (Muwallads). In the capital cities of Medieval mediterranean Christian kingdoms, cathedrals of this style were erected in the 13th and 14th centuries. Many buildings of this architectural style can be found around the region of Valencia with its own style Valencian Gothic and across the Balearic Islands.

text:
# Levantine Gothic

The **Levantine Gothic** is the Gothic style developed in Levante, the Mediterranean area of Spain, characterized by its halls and churches of great horizontal extent with emphasis on the structural part supported by buttresses and minimal and austere decorations.

The main differences with Castilian Gothic are:

* single nave instead of three, in case that there are, has the same height and the wider central
* chapels between the buttresses
* thinner supports
* low figurative decoration, dominated by the geometric type
* minor surface of openings, resulting in a low light penetration.

Very few examples of this style of architecture exist outside the larger Christian strongholds. The surrounding countryside was still being fought over by the Spanish Christians and Spanish Muslims (Muwallads). In the capital cities of Medieval mediterranean Christian kingdoms, cathedrals of this style were erected in the 13th and 14th centuries.

Many buildings of this architectural style can be found around the region of Valencia with its own style Valencian Gothic and across the Balearic Islands.

* Valdearcos, Enrique: «El arte gótico» *Clio* n.º 33 (2007) ISSN 1139-6237


title: Stade de Franceville

abstract: The Stade de Franceville is a stadium in Franceville, Gabon. The 22,000 capacity stadium was opened in January 2012, in time for its use in the 2012 African Cup of Nations. The opening game was a friendly between Gabon and Sudan.

text:
# Stade de Franceville

The **Stade de Franceville** is a stadium in Franceville, Gabon. The 22,000 capacity stadium was opened in January 2012, in time for its use in the 2012 African Cup of Nations. The opening game was a friendly between Gabon and Sudan.

1°38′19″S 13°34′28″E / 1.63861°S 13.57444°E / -1.63861; 13.57444

## InfoBox

Stade de Franceville
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Franceville, Gabon |
| Owner | Government of Gabon |
| Capacity | 22,000 |
| Field size | 105 x 68 m |
| Construction | |
| Broke ground | March 2010 |
| Opened | January 2012 |
| Tenants | |
| Gabon national football team | |


title: Eating the Blame

abstract: "Eating the Blame" is the fourth episode of the first season of the FX anthology series Fargo. The episode aired on May 6, 2014 in the United States on FX. It was written by series creator and showrunner Noah Hawley and directed by Randall Einhorn. The title refers to the Zen Buddhist kōan of the same name. In the episode, Lorne Malvo continues to torment his employer Stavros Milos, making him go through biblical plague-like events. Meanwhile, Lester Nygaard desperately tries to escape the hitmen Mr. Wrench and Mr. Numbers. It establishes a direct link between the series and the 1996 film of the same name it is based on. "Eating the Blame" received critical acclaim, and was seen by 1.70 million viewers.

text:
# Eating the Blame

"**Eating the Blame**" is the fourth episode of the first season of the FX anthology series *Fargo*. The episode aired on May 6, 2014 in the United States on FX. It was written by series creator and showrunner Noah Hawley and directed by Randall Einhorn. The title refers to the Zen Buddhist kōan of the same name.

In the episode, Lorne Malvo (Billy Bob Thornton) continues to torment his employer Stavros Milos (Oliver Platt), making him go through biblical plague-like events. Meanwhile, Lester Nygaard (Martin Freeman) desperately tries to escape the hitmen Mr. Wrench (Russell Harvard) and Mr. Numbers (Adam Goldberg). It establishes a direct link between the series and the 1996 film of the same name it is based on.

"Eating the Blame" received critical acclaim, and was seen by 1.70 million viewers.

## Plot

In a flashback to 1987, the Milos family runs out of gas along a deserted highway in winter. Stranded and heavily in debt, Stavros Milos prays for help. Stepping outside the car, he finds a briefcase of money ($920,000) buried in the snow and takes it as a sign from God. The suitcase was actually buried by Carl Showalter who was later murdered without having revealed its location to anyone else.

Nineteen years later, Chumph, disguised as a plumber, tells Stavros that everything appears normal in his pipes, and suggests the shower of blood is similar to a biblical plague. Stavros grabs Chumph from his neck and tells him off. Chumph tells him he is crazy and leaves, while Stavros worries about what Chumph said. Outside, Lorne Malvo was watching from a distance. Gus Grimly spots Malvo by Stavros' house and arrests him. He informs Molly Solverson, and when she requests to go to Duluth, Oswalt refuses her and goes instead. Malvo produces identification as "Frank Peterson," a Lutheran minister from Baudette, and has an alibi. Molly learns Malvo's name and calls Grimly, but Malvo (as Peterson) has already been released.

Malvo and Chumph release hundreds of crickets into Stavros's supermarket, simulating a plague of locusts, to further entice Stavros into paying the blackmail money. Meanwhile, Lester Nygaard is abducted by Numbers and Wrench who intend to kill him, but he escapes. Fleeing, he finds a police officer issuing a ticket for a car parked on the side of the road. Nygaard punches him to get arrested. Mr. Wrench and Mr. Numbers witness this and later stage a bar fight to get arrested, and end up in the same cell with Lester.

## Reception

### Ratings

The episode was first aired in the US on FX on May 6, 2014 and obtained 1.70 million viewers. The show was aired in the UK on Channel 4 on May 11, 2014 and was seen by 1.3 million viewers.

### Critical reception

The episode received critical acclaim. It currently holds a perfect 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. *The A.V. Club* writers Emily VanDerWerff and Zack Handlen gave the episode an *A-* rating. IGN's Roth Cornet gave the episode an 8.9/10 "great" rating and said "The fourth episode of Fargo gave us lots to chew on. What's great about this series is that it raises legitimately interesting questions about human nature, but it does so in an entirely entertaining package. It seems possible that we're watching Lester make a slow evolution from prey to predator, but Lorne Malvo - at present - remains the unequivocal alpha."

## InfoBox

| "**Eating the Blame**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Fargo* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 1<br>Episode 4 |
| Directed by | Randall Einhorn |
| Written by | Noah Hawley |
| Featured music | Jeff Russo |
| Editing by | Skip Macdonald |
| Production code | XFO01004 |
| Original air date | May 6, 2014 (2014-05-06) |
| Running time | 50 minutes |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


title: Rekha Sharma (Nepalese politician)

abstract: Rekha Sharma is a Nepalese politician and incumbent Minister of Communication and ICT. Ms. Sharma is central committee member of Nepal Communist Party Maoist. She has been elected in the House of Representative from Dang-2 in the General Election 2022. She has performed the duty of Chief Whip of the party in the Constituent Assembly of 2070 BS and also in the house of representative in 2074 BS. She has served as the member of the 1st Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2017 Nepalese general election she was elected as a proportional representative from Khas Arya category.

text:
# Rekha Sharma (Nepalese politician)

**Rekha Sharma** is a Nepalese politician and incumbent Minister of Communication and ICT. Ms. Sharma is central committee member of Nepal Communist Party Maoist. She has been elected in the House of Representative from Dang-2 in the General Election 2022. She has performed the duty of Chief Whip of the party in the Constituent Assembly of 2070 BS and also in the house of representative in 2074 BS. She has served as the member of the 1st Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2017 Nepalese general election she was elected as a proportional representative from Khas Arya category.

## InfoBox

| Rekha Sharma | |
| --- | --- |
| रेखा शर्मा | |
|  | |
| Minister of Communication and Information Technology of Nepal | |
| **In office**
6 March 2024  15 March 2024 | |
| President | Ram Chandra Poudel |
| Prime Minister | Pushpa Kamal Dahal |
| Vice President | Ram Sahaya Yadav |
| Preceded by | *herself* |
| Succeeded by | Prithvi Subba Gurung |
| **In office**
17 January 2023  4 March 2024 | |
| President | Bidhya Devi Bhandari
Ram Chandra Poudel |
| Prime Minister | Pushpa Kamal Dahal |
| Vice President | Nanda Kishor Pun
Ram Sahaya Yadav |
| Preceded by | Gyanendra Bahadur Karki |
| Succeeded by | *herself* |
| Minister of General Administration | |
| **In office**
19 October 2015  13 July 2016 | |
| President | Ram Baran Yadav |
| Prime Minister | KP Sharma Oli |
| Vice President | Parmanand Jha |
| Preceded by | Lal Babu Pandit |
| Succeeded by | Keshav Kumar Budhathoki |
| Member of Parliament, Pratinidhi Sabha | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
22 December 2022 | |
| Preceded by | Krishna Bahadur Mahara |
| Constituency | Dang 2 |
| Member of Parliament, Pratinidhi Sabha for
CPN (Maoist Centre) party list | |
| **In office**
4 March 2018  18 September 2022 | |
| Member of Constituent Assembly for
UCPN (Maoist) party list | |
| **In office**
21 January 2014  14 October 2017 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1969-09-25) 25 September 1969
Ghorahi, Dang District |
| Nationality | Nepali |
| Political party | CPN (Maoist Centre) |
| Spouse | Krishna Dhoj Khadka |
| Parent(s) | Giriraj Sharma (*Father*)
Parvati Sharma Paudyal (*Mother*) |
|  | |


title: Bobby Joe Edmonds

abstract: Bobby Joe Edmonds Jr. is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL) for the Seattle Seahawks, Los Angeles Raiders, and Tampa Bay Buccaneers from 1986 to 1989 and 1995. Edmonds played college football for the Arkansas Razorbacks and was selected by Seattle in the fifth round of the 1986 NFL draft. Edmonds still holds two Seahawks records, most punt return yards gained in a career and most punt return yards gained in a season. He also made the AFC Pro Bowl squad in 1986 as a rookie. A 1982 graduate of Lutheran High School North, in St. Louis, Missouri, Edmonds had a successful college career in football as a running back at the University of Arkansas where he returned after his football career to complete a bachelor's degree in broadcasting. After working as an occasional sports writer and color commentator, Edmonds has opened a gallery for fine art. Edmonds at one time hosted his own show "The Lunch Special" on the Hog Sports Radio Network in Northwest Arkansas. He has two sons.

text:
# Bobby Joe Edmonds

**Bobby Joe Edmonds Jr.** (born September 26, 1964) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL) for the Seattle Seahawks, Los Angeles Raiders, and Tampa Bay Buccaneers from 1986 to 1989 and 1995. Edmonds played college football for the Arkansas Razorbacks and was selected by Seattle in the fifth round of the 1986 NFL draft. Edmonds still holds two Seahawks records, most punt return yards gained in a career (1,010 yards) and most punt return yards gained in a season (419 yards). He also made the AFC Pro Bowl squad in 1986 as a rookie.

A 1982 graduate of Lutheran High School North, in St. Louis, Missouri, Edmonds had a successful college career in football as a running back at the University of Arkansas where he returned after his football career to complete a bachelor's degree in broadcasting. After working as an occasional sports writer and color commentator, Edmonds has opened a gallery for fine art.

Edmonds at one time hosted his own show "The Lunch Special" on the Hog Sports Radio Network in Northwest Arkansas. He has two sons.

## InfoBox

Bobby Joe Edmonds
| No. 30, 41 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Running back |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1964-09-26) September 26, 1964<br>Nashville, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Height: | 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) |
| Weight: | 186 lb (84 kg) |
| Career information | |
| College: | Arkansas |
| NFL draft: | 1986 / round: 5 / pick: 126 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Punt return yards: 1,471  Kick return yards: 3,646  Total touchdowns: 1 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |