abstract: Directional Cubic Convolution Interpolation (DCCI) is an edge-directed image scaling algorithm created by Dengwen Zhou and Xiaoliu Shen. By taking into account the edges in an image, this scaling algorithm reduces artifacts common to other image scaling algorithms. For example, staircase artifacts on diagonal lines and curves are eliminated. The algorithm resizes an image to 2x its original dimensions, minus 1.

text:
# Directional Cubic Convolution Interpolation

**Directional Cubic Convolution Interpolation** (DCCI) is an edge-directed image scaling algorithm created by Dengwen Zhou and Xiaoliu Shen.

By taking into account the edges in an image, this scaling algorithm reduces artifacts common to other image scaling algorithms. For example, staircase artifacts on diagonal lines and curves are eliminated.

The algorithm resizes an image to 2x its original dimensions, minus 1.

## The algorithm

The algorithm works in three main steps:

1. Copy the original pixels to the output image, with gaps between the pixels.
2. Calculate the pixels for the diagonal gaps.
3. Calculate the pixels for the remaining horizontal and vertical gaps.

### Calculating pixels in diagonal gaps

Evaluation of diagonal pixels is done on the original image data in a 4×4 region, with the new pixel that is being calculated in the center, in the gap between the original pixels. This can also be thought of as the 7×7 region in the enlarged image centered on the new pixel to calculate, and the original pixels have already been copied.

The algorithm decides one of three cases:

* Edge in up-right direction — interpolates along down-right direction.
* Edge in down-right direction — interpolates along up-right direction.
* Smooth area — interpolates in both directions, then multiples the values by weights.

#### Calculating diagonal edge strength

Let d1 be the sum of edges in the up-right direction, and d2 be the sum of edges in the down-right direction.

To calculate d1, take the sum of abs(P(X, Y) - P(X - 1, Y + 1)), in the region of X = 1 to 3, and Y = 0 to 2.

To calculate d2, take the sum of abs(P(X, Y) - P(X + 1, Y + 1)), in the region of X = 0 to 2, and Y = 0 to 2.

#### Interpolating pixels

If (1 + d1) / (1 + d2) \> 1.15, then there is an edge in the up-right direction. If (1 + d2) / (1 + d1) \> 1.15, then there is an edge in the down-right direction.

Otherwise, one is in a smooth area. To avoid division and floating-point operations, this can also be expressed as 100 * (1 + d1) \> 115 * (1 + d2), and 100 * (1 + d2) \> 115 * (1 + d1).

##### Up-right edge

For an edge in the up-right direction, one interpolates in the down-right direction.

Output pixel = (-1 * P(0, 0) + 9 * P(1, 1) + 9 * P(2, 2) - 1 * P(3, 3)) / 16

The pixel value will need to be forced to the valid range of pixel values (usually 0 to 255).

##### Down-right edge

For an edge in the down-right direction, one interpolates in the up-right direction.

Output pixel = (-1 * P(3, 0) + 9 * P(2, 1) + 9 * P(1, 2) - 1 * P(0, 3)) / 16

The pixel value will need to be forced to the valid range of pixel values (usually 0 to 255).

##### Smooth area

In the smooth area, edge strength from up-right will contribute to the down-right sampled pixel, and edge strength from down-right will contribute to the up-right sampled pixel.

w1 = 1 / (1 + d1 ^ 5)

w2 = 1 / (1 + d2 ^ 5)

weight1 = w1 / (w1 + w2)

weight2 = w2 / (w1 + w2)

DownRightPixel = (-1 * P(0, 0) + 9 * P(1, 1) + 9 * P(2, 2) - 1 * P(3, 3)) / 16

UpRightPixel = (-1 * P(3, 0) + 9 * P(2, 1) + 9 * P(1, 2) - 1 * P(0, 3)) / 16

Output Pixel = DownRightPixel * weight1 + UpRightPixel * weight2

The pixel value will need to be forced to the valid range of pixel values (usually 0 to 255).

### Calculating remaining pixels

Evaluating the remaining pixels is done on the scaled image data in a 7×7 region, with the new pixel that is being calculated in the center. These calculations either depend on the original pixels of the image or on a diagonal pixel calculated in the previous step.

The algorithm decides one of three cases:

* Edge in horizontal direction — interpolates along vertical direction.
* Edge in vertical direction — interpolates along horizontal direction.
* Smooth area — interpolates in both directions, then multiples the values by weights.

#### Calculating horizontal/vertical edge strength

Let d1 be the sum of edges in the horizontal direction, and d2 be the sum of edges in the vertical direction.

Consider a 7×7 diamond-shaped region centered on the pixel to calculate, using only pixel values from the original, and pixel values added from the diagonal direction.

To calculate d1, take the sum of the absolute differences of the horizontal edges, sampling these pixel values:

```
| P(X+1, Y-2) - P(X-1, Y-2) | +
| P(X+2, Y-1) - P(X, Y-1) | + | P(X, Y-1) - P(X-2, Y-1) | +
| P(X+3, Y) - P(X+1, Y) | + | P(X+1, Y) - P(X-1, Y) | + | P(X-1, Y) - P(X-3, Y) | +
| P(X+2, Y+1) - P(X, Y+1) | + | P(X, Y+1) - P(X-2, Y+1) | +
| P(X+1, Y+2) - P(X-1, Y+2) |

```

To calculate d2, take the sum of the absolute differences of the vertical edges, sampling these pixel values:

```
| P(X-2, Y+1) - P(X-2, Y-1) | +
| P(X-1, Y+2) - P(X-1, Y) | + | P(X-1, Y) - P(X-1, Y-2) | +
| P(X, Y+3) - P(X, Y+1) | + | P(X, Y+1) - P(X, Y-1) | + | P(X, Y-1) - P(X, Y-3) | +
| P(X+1, Y+2) - P(X+1, Y) | + | P(X+1, Y) - P(X+1, Y-2) | +
| P(X+2, Y+1) - P(X+2, Y-1) |

```

#### Interpolating pixels

If (1 + d1) / (1 + d2) \> 1.15, then one has an edge in the horizontal direction.

If (1 + d2) / (1 + d1) \> 1.15, then one has an edge in the vertical direction.

Otherwise, one is in the smooth area.

To avoid division floating-point operations, this can also be expressed as 100 * (1 + d1) \> 115 * (1 + d2), and 100 * (1 + d2) \> 115 * (1 + d1).

##### Horizontal edge

For a horizontal edge, one interpolates in the vertical direction, using only the column centered at the pixel.

Output pixel = (-1 * P(X, Y - 3) + 9 * P(X, Y - 1) + 9 * P(X, Y + 1) - 1 * P(X, Y + 3)) / 16

The pixel value will need to be forced to the valid range of pixel values (usually 0 to 255).

##### Vertical edge

For a vertical edge, one interpolates in the horizontal direction, using only the row centered at the pixel.

Output pixel = (-1 * P(X - 3, Y) + 9 * P(X - 1, Y) + 9 * P(X + 1, Y) - 1 * P(X + 3, Y)) / 16

The pixel value will need to be forced to the valid range of pixel values (usually 0 to 255).

##### Smooth area

In the smooth area, horizontal edge strength will contribute to the weight for the vertically sampled pixel, and vertical edge strength will contribute to the weight for the horizontally sampled pixel.

w1 = 1 / (1 + d1 ^ 5)

w2 = 1 / (1 + d2 ^ 5)

weight1 = w1 / (w1 + w2)

weight2 = w2 / (w1 + w2)

HorizontalPixel = (-1 * P(X - 3, Y) + 9 * P(X - 1, Y) + 9 * P(X + 1, Y) - 1 * P(X + 3, Y)) / 16

VerticalPixel = (-1 * P(X, Y - 3) + 9 * P(X, Y - 1) + 9 * P(X, Y + 1) - 1 * P(X, Y + 3)) / 16

Output Pixel = VerticalPixel * weight1 + HorizontalPixel * weight2

The pixel value will need to be forced to the valid range of pixel values (usually 0 to 255).

## Not specified

### Boundary pixels

The algorithm does not define what to do when sampling boundary areas outside of the image. Possible things to do include replicating the boundary pixel, wrapping pixels from the other side of the image, wrapping the same side of the image in reverse, or using a particular border color value.

### Color images

Color images are not specified by the algorithm, however, one can sum all RGB component differences when calculating edge strength, and use all RGB components when interpolating the pixels. Or one could split to YCbCr, process only the luma component and stretch the chroma using a different algorithm.


title: Directional component analysis

abstract:
Directional component analysis (DCA) is a statistical method used in climate science for identifying representative patterns of variability in space-time data-sets such as historical climate observations, weather prediction ensembles or climate ensembles. The first DCA pattern is a pattern of weather or climate variability that is both likely to occur and has a large impact. The first DCA pattern contrasts with the first PCA pattern, which is likely to occur, but may not have a large impact, and with a pattern derived from the gradient of the impact function, which has a large impact, but may not be likely to occur. DCA differs from other pattern identification methods used in climate research, such as EOFs, rotated EOFs and extended EOFs in that it takes into account an external vector, the gradient of the impact. DCA provides a way to reduce large ensembles from weather forecasts or climate models to just two patterns. The first pattern is the ensemble mean, and the second pattern is the DCA pattern, which represents variability around the ensemble mean in a way that takes impact into account.
DCA contrasts with other methods that have been proposed for the reduction of ensembles in that it takes impact into account in addition to the structure of the ensemble.

text:
# Directional component analysis

**Directional component analysis** (**DCA**) is a statistical method used in climate science for identifying representative patterns of variability in space-time data-sets such as historical climate observations, weather prediction ensembles or climate ensembles.

The first DCA pattern is a pattern of weather or climate variability that is both likely to occur (measured using likelihood) and has a large impact (for a specified linear impact function, and given certain mathematical conditions: see below).

The first DCA pattern contrasts with the first PCA pattern, which is likely to occur, but may not have a large impact, and with a pattern derived from the gradient of the impact function, which has a large impact, but may not be likely to occur.

DCA differs from other pattern identification methods used in climate research, such as EOFs, rotated EOFs and extended EOFs in that it takes into account an external vector, the gradient of the impact.

DCA provides a way to reduce large ensembles from weather forecasts or climate models to just two patterns. The first pattern is the ensemble mean, and the second pattern is the DCA pattern, which represents variability around the ensemble mean in a way that takes impact into account. DCA contrasts with other methods that have been proposed for the reduction of ensembles in that it takes impact into account in addition to the structure of the ensemble.

## Overview

### Inputs

DCA is calculated from two inputs:

* a multivariate dataset of weather or climate data, such as historical climate observations, or a weather or climate ensemble
* a linear impact function. The linear impact function is a function which defines a level of impact for every spatial pattern in the weather or climate data as a weighted sum of the values at different locations in the spatial pattern. An example is the mean value across the spatial pattern. The linear impact function can be generated as the first term in the multivariate Taylor series of a non-linear impact function.

### Formula

Consider a space-time data set $X$, containing individual spatial pattern vectors $x$, where the individual patterns are each considered as single samples from a multivariate normal distribution with mean zero and covariance matrix $C$.

We define a linear impact function of a spatial pattern as $r^{t}x$, where $r$ is a vector of spatial weights.

The first DCA pattern is given in terms the covariance matrix $C$ and the weights $r$ by the proportional expression $x\propto Cr$.

The pattern can then be normalized to any length as required.

### Properties

If the weather or climate data is elliptically distributed (e.g., is distributed as a multivariate normal distribution or a multivariate t-distribution) then the first DCA pattern (DCA1) is defined as the spatial pattern with the following mathematical properties:

* DCA1 maximises probability density for a given value of impact
* DCA1 maximises impact for a given value of probability density
* DCA1 maximises the product of impact and probability density
* DCA1 is the conditional expectation, conditional on exceeding a certain level of impact
* DCA1 is the impact-weighted ensemble mean
* Any modification of DCA1 will lead to a pattern that is either less extreme, or has a lower probability density.

### Rainfall Example

For instance, in a rainfall anomaly dataset, using an impact metric defined as the total rainfall anomaly, the first DCA pattern is the spatial pattern that has the highest probability density for a given total rainfall anomaly. If the given total rainfall anomaly is chosen to have a large value, then this pattern combines being extreme in terms of the metric (i.e., representing large amounts of total rainfall) with being likely in terms of the pattern, and so is well suited as a representative extreme pattern.

### Comparison with PCA

The main differences between Principal component analysis (PCA) and DCA are

* PCA is a function of just the covariance matrix, and the first PCA pattern is defined so as to maximise explained variance
* DCA is a function of the covariance matrix and a vector direction (the gradient of the impact function), and the first DCA pattern is defined so as to maximise probability density for a given value of the impact metric

As a result, for unit vector spatial patterns:

* The first PCA spatial pattern always corresponds to a higher explained variance, but has a lower value of the impact metric (e.g., the total rainfall anomaly), except in degenerate cases
* The first DCA spatial pattern always corresponds to a higher value of the impact metric, but has a lower value of the explained variance, except in degenerate cases

The degenerate cases occur when the PCA and DCA patterns are equal.

Also, given the first PCA pattern, the DCA pattern can be scaled so that:

* The scaled DCA pattern has the same probability density as the first PCA pattern, but higher impact, or
* The scaled DCA pattern has the same impact as the first PCA pattern, but higher probability density.

## Two Dimensional Example

Source:

Figure 1 gives an example, which can be understood as follows:

* The two axes represent anomalies of annual mean rainfall at two locations, with the highest total rainfall anomaly values towards the top right corner of the diagram
* The joint variability of the rainfall anomalies at the two locations is assumed to follow a bivariate normal distribution
* The ellipse shows a single contour of probability density from this bivariate normal, with higher values inside the ellipse
* The red dot at the centre of the ellipse shows zero rainfall anomalies at both locations
* The blue parallel-line arrow shows the principal axis of the ellipse, which is also the first PCA spatial pattern vector
* In this case, the PCA pattern is scaled so that it touches the ellipse
* The diagonal straight line shows a line of constant positive total rainfall anomaly, assumed to be at some fairly extreme level
* The red dotted-line arrow shows the first DCA pattern, which points towards the point at which the diagonal line is tangent to the ellipse
* In this case, the DCA pattern is scaled so that it touches the ellipse

From this diagram, the DCA pattern can be seen to possess the following properties:

* Of all the points on the diagonal line, it is the one with the highest probability density
* Of all the points on the ellipse, it is the one with the highest total rainfall anomaly
* It has the same probability density as the PCA pattern, but represents higher total rainfall (i.e., points further towards the top right hand corner of the diagram)
* Any change of the DCA pattern will reduce either the probability density (if it moves out of the ellipse) or reduce the total rainfall anomaly (if it moves along or into the ellipse)

In this case the total rainfall anomaly of the PCA pattern is quite small, because of anticorrelations between the rainfall anomalies at the two locations. As a result, the first PCA pattern is not a good representative example of a pattern with large total rainfall anomaly, while the first DCA pattern is.

In $n$ dimensions the ellipse becomes an ellipsoid, the diagonal line becomes an $n-1$ dimensional plane, and the PCA and DCA patterns are vectors in $n$ dimensions.

## Applications

### Application to Climate Variability

DCA has been applied to the CRU data-set of historical rainfall variability in order to understand the most likely patterns of rainfall extremes in the US and China.

### Application to Ensemble Weather Forecasts

DCA has been applied to ECMWF medium-range weather forecast ensembles in order to identify the most likely patterns of extreme temperatures in the ensemble forecast.

### Application to Ensemble Climate Model Projections

DCA has been applied to ensemble climate model projections in order to identify the most likely patterns of extreme future rainfall.

## Derivation of the First DCA Pattern

Source:

Consider a space-time data-set $X$, containing individual spatial pattern vectors $x$, where the individual patterns are each considered as single samples from a multivariate normal distribution with mean zero and covariance matrix $C$.

As a function of $x$, the log probability density is proportional to $-x^{t}C^{-1}x$.

We define a linear impact function of a spatial pattern as $r^{t}x$, where $r$ is a vector of spatial weights.

We then seek to find the spatial pattern that maximises the probability density for a given value of the linear impact function. This is equivalent to finding the spatial pattern that maximises the *log* probability density for a given value of the linear impact function, which is slightly easier to solve.

This is a constrained maximisation problem, and can be solved using the method of Lagrange multipliers.

The Lagrangian function is given by

$L(x,\lambda )=-x^{t}C^{-1}x-\lambda (r^{t}x-1)$

Differentiating by $x$ and setting to zero gives the solution

$x\propto Cr$

Normalising so that $x$ is unit vector gives

$x=Cr/(r^{t}CCr)^{1/2}$

This is the first DCA pattern.

Subsequent patterns can be derived which are orthogonal to the first, to form an orthonormal set and a method for matrix factorisation.


title: Discocactus buenekeri

abstract: Discocactus buenekeri is a species of Discocactus found in Brazil.

text:
# Discocactus buenekeri

***Discocactus buenekeri*** is a species of *Discocactus* found in Brazil.

## InfoBox

| *Discocactus buenekeri* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Cactaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cactoideae |
| Genus: | *Discocactus* |
| Species: | ***D. buenekeri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Discocactus buenekeri***<br>W.R.Abraham | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Discocactus zehntneri subsp. buenekeri* (W.R.Abraham) P.J.Braun & Esteves 1993 | |


title: Discocactus bahiensis

abstract: Discocactus bahiensis is a species of Discocactus from Brazil.

text:
# Discocactus bahiensis

***Discocactus bahiensis*** is a species of *Discocactus* from Brazil.

## Description

*Discocactus bahiensis* grows solitary, with heavily spined, depressed spherical to spherical bodies that reach diameters of 8 to 18 centimeters. There are 10 to 15 ribs. The areoles are wooly have 5 to 13 backward-curved spines are up to 3 centimeters long. The prominent cephalium is formed of white wool and a few short bristles. The slender, funnel-shaped, yellowish white flowers are 4 to 5 centimeters long. The fruits are small and red.

### Subspecies

* *Discocactus bahiensis* subsp. *bahiensis*
* *Discocactus bahiensis* subsp. *gracilis* P.J.Braun & Esteves

## Distribution

*Discocactus bahiensis* is a cactus species native to the Brazilian state of Bahia at altitudes between 380 and 650 meters. Plants are found growing in limestone near rivers and flood plains.

## Taxonomy

It was first described in 1922 by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Joseph Nelson Rose. The species name "bahiensis" specifically denotes its presence in Bahia, Brazil.

## InfoBox

| *Discocactus bahiensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| CITES Appendix I (CITES) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Cactaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cactoideae |
| Genus: | *Discocactus* |
| Species: | ***D. bahiensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Discocactus bahiensis***
Britton & Rose 1922 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Echinocactus bahiensis* (Britton & Rose) Luetzelb. 1926 | |


title: Discocactus catingicola

abstract: Discocactus catingicola is a species of Discocactus found in Brazil.

text:
# Discocactus catingicola

***Discocactus catingicola*** is a species of *Discocactus* found in Brazil.

## InfoBox

| *Discocactus catingicola* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Cactaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cactoideae |
| Genus: | *Discocactus* |
| Species: | ***D. catingicola*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Discocactus catingicola***<br>Buining & Brederoo | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Discocactus heptacanthus subsp. catingicola* (Buining & Brederoo) N.P.Taylor & Zappi 1997 * *Discocactus catingicola var. nigrisaetosus* (Buining & Brederoo) P.Braun & Esteves 1993 * *Discocactus catingicola subsp. rapirhizus* (Buining & Brederoo) P.Braun & Esteves 1993 * *Discocactus nigrisaetosus* Buining & Brederoo 1976 * *Discocactus piauiensis* P.J.Braun & Esteves 1995 * *Discocactus rapirhizus* Buining & Brederoo 1975 * *Discocactus spinosior* Buining & Brederoo 1976 | |


title: The King Has Lost His Crown

abstract: "The King Has Lost His Crown" is a song by Swedish group ABBA, released on their 1979 album Voulez-Vous. It was also the B-side of the non-album single "Gimme! Gimme! Gimme!".

text:
# The King Has Lost His Crown

"**The King Has Lost His Crown**" is a song by Swedish group ABBA, released on their 1979 album *Voulez-Vous*. It was also the B-side of the non-album single "Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! (A Man After Midnight)".

## Synopsis

The song is a "vengeful ballad" whose lyrics are an allegory to describe the end of a relationship.

## Critical reception

On his book *Abba – Uncensored on the Record*, John Tobler said the song "appeared to be much more personal than many of the group's previous songs". *The Sydney Morning Herald* said "The King Has Lost His Crown" is "an interesting song with some neat variations in style". Internet reviewer George Starostin said it "is simply way too pompous and ambitious to be endured". ABBA biograph Carl Magnus Palm said "Perhaps there's ... a sense of "undiscovered gem" about \[Voulez-Vous\], simply because what I feel were the best tracks were never international single A-sides, such as 'As Good as New', 'The King Has Lost His Crown' and 'If It Wasn't for the Nights'."

## InfoBox

| "The King Has Lost His Crown" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by ABBA | |
| from the album  *Voulez-Vous* | |
| A-side | "Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! (A Man After Midnight)" |
| Length | 3:35 |
| Label | Polar Music |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | * Benny Andersson * Björn Ulvaeus |
|  | |
| Audio | |
| "The King Has Lost His Crown" on YouTube | |
|  | |


abstract: The King Drinks or The Bean King is a c.1638 painting by the Flemish Baroque artist Jacob Jordaens, now in the Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg. Its history is unknown before 18 August 1762, when it was sold at the Wirman auction in Amsterdam. It was resold at the sale of J. van der Mark's collection on 25 August 1773. By the end of the 18th century it was already in Alexander Bezborodko's collection, from which it was inherited by Nikolai Alexandrovich Kushelev-Bezborodko, who in turn left it to the Museum of the Academy of Fine Arts. It was transferred to a new canvas by the restorer Umetsky in 1905. The Museum of the Academy of Fine Arts was dissolved in 1922 and The King Drinks and most of its other works were moved to the Hermitage Museum. A variant painting of the same title, executed by Jordaens in 1640, is in the Royal Museum of Fine Arts of Belgium in Brussels.

text:
# The King Drinks (Jordaens, St Petersburg)

***The King Drinks*** or ***The Bean King*** is a c.1638 painting by the Flemish Baroque artist Jacob Jordaens, now in the Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg.

Its history is unknown before 18 August 1762, when it was sold at the Wirman auction in Amsterdam. It was resold at the sale of J. van der Mark's collection on 25 August 1773. By the end of the 18th century it was already in Alexander Bezborodko's collection, from which it was inherited by Nikolai Alexandrovich Kushelev-Bezborodko, who in turn left it to the Museum of the Academy of Fine Arts. It was transferred to a new canvas by the restorer Umetsky in 1905. The Museum of the Academy of Fine Arts was dissolved in 1922 and *The King Drinks* and most of its other works were moved to the Hermitage Museum.

A variant painting of the same title, executed by Jordaens in 1640, is in the Royal Museum of Fine Arts of Belgium in Brussels.

## Sources

* (in Russian) Бабина Н. П., Грицай Н. И. Фламандская живопись XVII—XVIII веков. Каталог коллекции. — СПб.: Изд-во Государственного Эрмитажа, 2005. — С. 211.


title: The King Chronicle

abstract: The King Chronicle is a Canadian docudrama television miniseries, directed by Donald Brittain and broadcast by CBC Television in 1988. Blending both documentary and dramatic elements, the six-hour series was a portrait of former Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King, with Sean McCann in the leading role. The first episode centred primarily on King's pre-political family background, the second focused on his early political career including the King–Byng affair of 1926, and the third focused on his late political career including the Conscription Crisis of 1944. The cast also included Gary Reineke as King's economic advisor Oscar D. Skelton, Albert Millaire as prime minister Wilfrid Laurier, Sandy Webster as cabinet minister James Ralston, R. H. Thomson as military commander and diplomat Andrew McNaughton, George Merner as Winston Churchill, Richard Farrell as Governor-General Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy, Patricia Collins as Evelyn Byng, Viscountess Byng of Vimy, Doris Petrie as King's mother Isabel, and Tom Harvey as Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The series was broadcast by CBC Television over three nights, from March 27 to March 29, 1988.

text:
# The King Chronicle

***The King Chronicle*** is a Canadian docudrama television miniseries, directed by Donald Brittain and broadcast by CBC Television in 1988. Blending both documentary and dramatic elements, the six-hour series was a portrait of former Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King, with Sean McCann in the leading role.

The first episode centred primarily on King's pre-political family background, the second focused on his early political career including the King–Byng affair of 1926, and the third focused on his late political career including the Conscription Crisis of 1944.

The cast also included Gary Reineke as King's economic advisor Oscar D. Skelton, Albert Millaire as prime minister Wilfrid Laurier, Sandy Webster as cabinet minister James Ralston, R. H. Thomson as military commander and diplomat Andrew McNaughton, George Merner as Winston Churchill, Richard Farrell as Governor-General Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy, Patricia Collins as Evelyn Byng, Viscountess Byng of Vimy, Doris Petrie as King's mother Isabel, and Tom Harvey as Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

The series was broadcast by CBC Television over three nights, from March 27 to March 29, 1988.

## Critical response

The series received mixed reviews from television critics. Tony Atherton of the *Ottawa Citizen* wrote that it functioned better as a documentary than as a drama, but ultimately concluded that "despite its length, and occasional tedium, The King Chronicle provides Canadians with fascinating portrait of a colorful historic figure, and a better understanding of themselves." while Jim Bawden of the *Toronto Star* praised McCann's performance but opined that "Brittain, a superb moviemaker, should not have written the script. He gets bogged down in the petty politicking of the day and doesn't pay attention to King's emotional battles within himself, reported in the diaries. Brittain's frustration at not being able to pin down the real King grows even as the mini-series dawdles to its end."

Mike Boone of the *Montreal Gazette* was more positive, writing that "The King Chronicle brings this fascinating man out of the mists of our neglected history, casting harsh, revelatory light on the King character. Viewers will be treated to a thoroughly entertaining and informative account of three tumultuous decades in Canada's history, when events were quietly and slyly manipulated by a political genius. I wish Donald Brittain had been making TV series while I was wasting my youth watching Davy Crockett. I might have begged my parents for a Mackenzie King hat. Brittain is a bona fide genius. The King Chronicle joins Canada's Sweetheart, the brilliant Champions documentary trilogy and the On Guard for Thee series of Cold War analyses as precious TV records of complex events that have shaped modern Canada."

The *Toronto Star* also asked three Canadian historians for their views of the series. Jack Granatstein called it awful and riddled with errors, Bruce Hutchison was charitable about the need to condense a 55-year political career into a six-hour film but was critical of McCann's performance as not really capturing how King actually conducted himself, while Bernard Ostry praised the series for demystifying King but lamented the inability to provide deeper context for some of his actions.

## Awards

| Award | Date of Ceremony | Category | Nominees | Result | Reference |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Gemini Awards | 1988 | Best Dramatic Miniseries | Adam Symansky | Nominated |  |
| | | Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Program or Series | Gary Reineke | Nominated | |
| | | Sandy Webster | Nominated ||
| | | Best Sound in a Dramatic Program or Series | Jean-Pierre Joutel, Louis Hone, Julian Olson, Adrian Croll, Hans Oomes | Nominated | |

## InfoBox

| *The King Chronicle* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Drama |
| Written by | Donald Brittain |
| Directed by | Donald Brittain |
| Starring | Sean McCann
Gary Reineke
Sandy Webster |
| Theme music composer | Milan Kymlicka
Eldon Rathburn |
| Country of origin | Canada |
| Original language | English |
| No. of episodes | 3 |
| Production | |
| Producers | Adam Symansky
Darce Fardy
Peter Katadotis |
| Cinematography | Savas Kalogeras |
| Editors | Robert Benson
Roger Hart
Rita Roy |
| Running time | 120 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | CBC Television |
| Release | March 27 (1988-03-27)
March 29, 1988 (1988-03-29) |


title: The Independent (2022 film)

abstract: The Independent is a 2022 American political thriller film directed by Amy Rice and written by Evan Parter. It stars Jodie Turner-Smith, Brian Cox, Luke Kirby, Stephen Lang, Ann Dowd, and John Cena. The plot centers around a reporter who uncovers a conspiracy that could impact the results of an upcoming presidential election. The film was released on streaming by Peacock on November 2, 2022.

text:
# The Independent (2022 film)

***The Independent*** is a 2022 American political thriller film directed by Amy Rice and written by Evan Parter. It stars Jodie Turner-Smith, Brian Cox, Luke Kirby, Stephen Lang, Ann Dowd, and John Cena. The plot centers around a reporter who uncovers a conspiracy that could impact the results of an upcoming presidential election. The film was released on streaming by Peacock on November 2, 2022.

## Plot

Elisha "Eli" James, a reporter at the *Washington Chronicle*, breaks the story that Yale University alum, Olympic gold medalist, and best-selling author Nate Sterling is running as an independent in the upcoming presidential election. His opponents are the unpopular Democratic incumbent and Senator Patricia Turnbull, a Republican who, if elected, would be the first female president of the United States. Eli befriends her idol, Nick Booker. She tells him that she has uncovered a conspiracy: Turnbull is embezzling funds from the lottery (specifically $1 for every $1000) and smuggling them into her Super PAC (political action committee) at the expense of the country's public schools. Near the end of the election, Eli and Booker discover that the perpetrator of the fraud is not Turnbull but Sterling. They talk to Sterling and get him to confess his involvement. Meanwhile, Eli's father dies of cancer. Another journalist tries to take credit for Eli's report. Instead of publishing it, the *Washington Chronicle* fires the journalist. Eli and Booker decide to start a new news publication, *The Independent*, to inform the American people of the truth. They publish the report on Sterling and leave the *Washington Chronicle*.

## Cast

## Production

*The Independent* is a co-production between Anonymous Content, Park Pictures, and The Exchange. In 2013, Evan Parter's screenplay for the film ended up on The Black List, an annual survey of the most popular screenplays that had not yet been produced. According to the survey, which polled over 250 film executives, his screenplay received twenty votes for "best" screenplay, tying with Frank John Hughes's *Pox Americana* and Lisa Joy Nolan's *Reminiscence*. In February 2020, Amy Rice came on board to direct and Kumail Nanjiani joined the cast. Rice said the story "merges two worlds that I am very passionate about, which are journalism and politics." She cited Aaron Sorkin's *The Newsroom*, Chris Hegedus and D. A. Pennebaker's *The War Room*, and the series *House of Cards* as major influences. In September 2021, Jodie Turner-Smith, Brian Cox, John Cena, and Kathy Bates were added to the cast, with Nanjiani dropping out. In December, Ann Dowd was cast, replacing Bates who departed due to scheduling conflicts. Principal photography, originally scheduled to begin in November 2021, was confirmed to have begun the following month in New York City around 24th Street and 6th Avenue.

## Release

The film was released on streaming on Peacock on November 2, 2022.

## Reception

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 35% of 17 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 4.7/10. Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 48 out of 100, based on 6 critics, indicating "mixed or average" reviews.

While praised for its well-written script and timely themes, some critics feel the film lacks the gritty, hard-hitting quality often associated with political thrillers. Some argue that the conflict of interest is portrayed too simplistically, and that the film misses an opportunity to delve deeper into issues of minority representation and media responsibility.

## InfoBox

| The Independent | |
| --- | --- |
| Official release poster | |
| Directed by | Amy Rice |
| Written by | Evan Parter |
| Produced by | * Sam Bisbee * Theodora Dunlap * Caddy Vanasirikul * Ryan Cunningham * Evan Parter |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | David Johnson |
| Edited by | Gershon Hinkson |
| Music by | Jessica Rose Weiss |
| Production<br>companies |  |
| Distributed by | Relativity Media |
| Release date | * November 2, 2022 (2022-11-02) (Peacock) |
| Running time | 108 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Disclosure and Barring Service

abstract: The Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) is a non-departmental public body of the Home Office of the United Kingdom. The DBS enables organisations in the public, private and voluntary sectors to make safer recruitment decisions by identifying candidates who may be unsuitable for certain work, especially involving children or vulnerable adults, and provides wider access to criminal record information through its disclosure service for England and Wales.

text:
# Disclosure and Barring Service

The **Disclosure and Barring Service** (**DBS**) is a non-departmental public body of the Home Office of the United Kingdom. The DBS enables organisations in the public, private and voluntary sectors to make safer recruitment decisions by identifying candidates who may be unsuitable for certain work, especially involving children or vulnerable adults, and provides wider access to criminal record information through its disclosure service for England and Wales.

It is a legal requirement in the UK for regulated activity employers to notify the DBS if a person leaves or changes their job in relation to having harmed someone. It is an offence for any person who has been barred by the DBS to work or apply to work in Regulated Activity (whether paid or voluntary) with the group (children or adults) from which they are barred. It is also an offence for an employer to knowingly employ a barred person in regulated activity with the group from which they are barred.

An organisation which is entitled to ask exempted questions (under the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974) must register with the DBS, or a registered DBS Umbrella Body before they can request a DBS check on an applicant. The applicant applies to the DBS with their application countersigned by the DBS Registered Organisation or Umbrella Body. The applicant's criminal record is then accessed from the Police National Computer (PNC), as well as checked, if appropriate, against lists of people considered unsuitable to work with children and vulnerable people maintained by the DBS (formerly maintained by the Independent Safeguarding Authority. A copy of the completed certificate is sent to the applicant's home address.

If an individual or organisation has safeguarding concerns regarding a member of staff, they can make a safeguarding referral to the DBS who will work with multiple agencies to assess whether that individual should be Barred from working in regulated activity with children and/or vulnerable groups.

The Criminal Records Bureau was established under Part V of the Police Act 1997 and was launched in March 2002, following public concern about the safety of children, young people and vulnerable adults. It was found that the British police forces did not have adequate capability or resources to routinely process and fulfil the large number of criminal record checks requested in a timely fashion, so a dedicated agency was set up to administer this function.

Employers and temporary staff agencies have bemoaned the time it takes for a worker to be cleared by the DBS and in an effort to cut waiting times the government allowed the establishment of "Adult First" .

## History

In May 2002, the Department for Education began maintaining a list of individuals who are not suitable to work with children. This list was originally named List 99, later named the ISA Children's Barred List (maintained by the Independent Safeguarding Authority) and finally, the DBS Children's Barred List (maintained by the Disclosure and Barring Service).

Under the Care Standards Act (2000), the Department for Health introduced an adult version of List 99 named 'POVA first' on 26 July 2004, this was later renamed 'ISA Adult First' and finally; 'DBS Adult First'. The Adult first and List 99 services allow registered bodies (when eligible) to check whether an applicant appears on the DBS Adults' or Children's Barred List through the online checking system, this takes around two working days to turn around. If the check is clean the organisation may provisionally employ the applicant, subject to an increased level in supervision, until the return by post of the full disclosure.

The DBS was formed in 2012 by merging the functions of the Criminal Records Bureau (CRB) and the Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA) under the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012. The DBS started operating on 1 December 2012. Its main office is in Liverpool. Its equivalent agencies are Disclosure Scotland in Scotland and Access Northern Ireland in Northern Ireland, although convictions from every part of the UK appear on a DBS check.

On 17 June 2013, a DBS update service was launched, intended to improve the ease of applying for criminal record checks and create significant savings.

On 1 February 2018, the National Audit Office published an investigation report that was highly critical of the DBS.

In 2009, the Home Office launched a programme to increase the efficiency of safeguarding services. Key aims of the programme were to reduce the cost of running the disclosure service, through customers using a new and cheaper update service rather than continuing to use existing types of disclosure certificates. The Home Office expected 2.8 million paying users to be using the new update service by 2017–18, but it was not market tested and the actual number of users is around one million.

According to the National Audit Office investigation, the modernisation programme is now running three and a half years late and expected costs have increased by £229 million. DBS is currently negotiating with its contractor, Tata Consultancy Services, over the delays.

The modernisation programme and the update service were expected to increase the ease and frequency with which people were checked, thereby improving safeguarding. But the Home Office and DBS do not know how many people have been prevented from working with children or vulnerable adults through use of this information.

## DBS application process

The process by which the DBS provides criminal record data is called *DBS Certificate* or a *DBS check* (previously *CRB check*). There are four levels of DBS checks, *Basic*, *Standard*, *Enhanced* and *Enhanced with barred list checks* (for Basic Disclosures, see Disclosure Scotland). DBS basic checks can be obtained by members of the public but enhanced checks are only available to organisations and only for those professions, offices, employments, work and occupations listed in the Exceptions Order (1975) to the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974 as amended by the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012. In January 2018 "Basic" DBS checks were introduced which will disclose details of any cautions or convictions deemed to be unspent in the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974.

### Basic DBS check

The basic DBS check will disclose any convictions or conditional cautions deemed to be unspent according to the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974. The aim is that this service will reduce the need for unnecessary and ineligible Standard or Enhanced checks. Basic DBS checks can be obtained by the individual online through the DBS website or through a registered third party known as a "Responsible Organisation".

### Standard DBS check

The standard DBS check is primarily for positions of high responsibility (for example, accountancy and security). Standard certificates reveal details of any convictions, cautions, reprimands and warnings the applicant has received, that do not qualify for filtering. A standard check may only be applied for if the applicant's job role is specified in the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974 (Exceptions) Order 1975, as amended.

### Enhanced DBS check

Enhanced DBS checks are for positions involving certain activities such as teaching children or treating adults and can also be obtained for certain other professions (for example, judicial appointments, RSPCA officers). An enhanced check may only be applied for if the applicant's job role is specified in both the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974 (Exceptions) order 1975 and the Police Act 1997.

In addition to the information provided on a Standard certificate, the Enhanced certificate involves an additional check with the police, who check if any other information is held on file that may be relevant (for instance, information that has not led to a criminal conviction but may indicate a danger to vulnerable groups). The police decide what (if any) additional information will be added to the certificate using the Quality Assurance Framework.

The involvement of local police forces can mean an enhanced check may take significantly longer than a standard check to be completed.

### Enhanced with Barred List checks

This includes all that Enhanced certificate does, plus a check of the appropriate DBS Barred List. There are two DBS Barred Lists: one for adults, and one for children. The lists contain information on whether the applicant is barred from working with either of the two groups. An individual may only be checked against one or both barred lists if their job role is classified as a "Regulated Activity" with children and/or adults under the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006, as amended. Some other jobs include food delivery driver jobs.

### Filtering

As of 29 May 2013, the DBS began to "filter" certain criminal information from a DBS certificate if it met the guidelines laid out in The Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974 (Exceptions) Order 1975 (Amendment) (England and Wales) Order 2013

### Update service

On 17 June 2013, the DBS update service was launched, intended to improve the ease of applying for criminal record checks and create significant savings. At a fee of £13 a year (or free for volunteers), applicants may use a certificate more than once within a sector where the disclosure level, workforce details, barring list checks and volunteer status are the same; an employer with consent to run a DBS update check and the consent of the subject can, free of charge, check that the existing certificate is up to date, and should check the applicant's identity and the certificate's authenticity.

### Timeframe and accuracy

The DBS work to a number of standards for the criminal record checking service and barring case accuracy.

Performance service standards are also agreed between the DBS and Police disclosure units.

## Reviews

The CRB had been due to partner with the ISA in administering the newly created Vetting and Barring Scheme from 2009. This was suspended in 2010 pending a review following the 2010 general election.

This review was published in February 2011, making recommendations for the merger of the Criminal Records Bureau and Independent Safeguarding Authority into one new non-departmental public body, the Disclosure and Barring Service, responsible for barring individuals and completing criminal record checks. Under the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012, the DBS does not require registration, nor are any details retained on a database.

The procedures of the CRB were tightened following the Soham murders trial. Ian Huntley, a former caretaker, was found guilty of murdering two girls from a Cambridgeshire primary school in 2002. Huntley had been suspected of a string of offences including rape, indecent assault and burglary. His only conviction before the murders was for riding an uninsured and unlicensed motorcycle, but a burglary charge had remained on file. In January 2006, following controversies resulting from cases where staff had been hired by schools before a full CRB check had been carried out, the Department for Education and Skills stated: "Employers should obtain a CRB Enhanced Disclosure in respect of all teachers they recruit before the person is placed in a school." Huntley had been hired in November 2001, before the CRB came into force.

Sociologist Frank Furedi has stated that CRB checks cannot provide a "cast-iron guarantee that children will be safe with a particular adult", and that their use has created an atmosphere of suspicion and is "poisoning" relationships between the generations, with many ordinary parents finding themselves regarded as "potential child abusers". The restrictions imposed by the CRB check process have allegedly contributed to a shortage of adult volunteers in organizations such as Girlguiding UK.

In 2009 the CRB's Enhanced Disclosure was criticised for including details of any minor contact an individual has had with the police, even where no formal action was taken against them.

## InfoBox

Disclosure and Barring Service
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Agency overview | |
| Formed | 1 December 2012 |
| Preceding agencies |  |
| Agency executive | * Eric Robinson, Chief Executive |
| Website | www.gov.uk/dbs |


title: Divine Word College of Calapan

abstract: The Divine Word College of Calapan, also referred to by its acronym DWCC, is a private Catholic basic and higher education institution in Calapan, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines. It is run by the Philippine Central Province of the Society of the Divine Word. It was established by the Divine Word Missionaries in April 1946 and was then called Mindoro Junior College until January 1981. The academic programs offered on its first year of operation were normal education, liberal arts, pre-law, including short term courses in typing and stenography.

text:
# Divine Word College of Calapan

The **Divine Word College of Calapan**, also referred to by its acronym **DWCC**, is a private Catholic basic and higher education institution in Calapan, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines. It is run by the Philippine Central Province of the Society of the Divine Word. It was established by the Divine Word Missionaries in April 1946 and was then called Mindoro Junior College until January 1981. The academic programs offered on its first year of operation were normal education, liberal arts, pre-law, including short term courses in typing and stenography (July 1, 1946).

## History

The Divine Word College of Calapan, as a Catholic institution of higher learning, goes back to the missionary work of Fr. Benito Rixner, SVD and other missionaries of the Society of the Divine Word in Mindoro. *Mindoro Junior College*, as the school was first called, was established in April 1946. The formal opening of classes in first year Normal Education, Liberal Arts, Pre-Law, and special short-term courses in Typing and Stenography was on July 1, 1946. There were thirty-seven students as first enrollees.

The first floor of the old bishop's residence was used for classrooms by the students and ten (10) faculty members. The biggest room served as library with around a thousand volumes coming from other SVD schools and the rest from donations. The regular residence rooms were used as classrooms while the smallest room became the Registrar's Office. Athletic activities were held at the church plaza.

In 1953, Fr. Albert Cook, SVD who was the Director then, constructed a two-storey building on a lot purchased adjacent to the two original structures. Construction was completed just in time for the school year 1953–1954. By that time, there were just three buildings being housing about a thousand students until around 1964.

From 1954 through 1964, enrolment increased steadily and, through the efforts of Bishop William Duschak, SVD, DD, who went to Europe to ask for donations from friends and benefactors, the dream of a modern college in a spacious compound materialized.

During the school year 1964–1965, all classes were moved to the new campus. About the same time, the Elementary Department was inaugurated by virtue of the Temporary Permit No. 96. In 1975, the President, Fr. Eleuterio S. Lacaron, SVD, also introduced the School Campaign Program.

In 1976, permission was granted by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (MECS) for the revival of the Graduate School Program which was phased out in 1972. Meanwhile, the college curriculum was further diversified with the inclusion of the short- term courses and the offering of traditional fields of concentration in the degree programs.

In 1980, the course in Master in Business Administration (MBA) was offered by virtue of Temporary Permit No.132, s. 1985 dated July 1980 with forty-seven (47) students and three (3) professors. Recognition was granted in June 1985, signed by the Minister of Education, Culture and Sports, Jaime C. Laya.

In January 1981, the name of the college was changed from Mindoro Junior College to Divine Word College of Calapan - making it more identified with the educational apostolate of the Society of the Divine Word in the province of Oriental Mindoro.

In 1987, the Divine Word College of Calapan was granted Level II accreditation for five (5) years by the Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities (PAASCU). On April 2, 1993, another Level II accreditation was granted, and a re-accreditation in 1998.

A non-degree program in Computer Science was opened during the administration of Fr. Joel L. Maribao, to give the youth of Mindoro and its neighboring provinces the opportunity to learn the new technology. The Associate in Computer Data Processing (ACDP) was recognized during the school year 1994–1995, while the two-year course in Computer System and Business Management (CSBM) was given Permit No. TV-P 059, s. 1994.

In 1995, the Civil Engineering Department was acknowledged as Top 1 in Region IV and Top 10 at the National Level credited to the high percentage of its board passers. This was published in the Philippine Star on June 13, 1995.

Another honor was received by DWCC as per CHED Memorandum No. 76, s. 1995, when DWCC was selected as Center for Excellence in Teacher Education for Region IV. It was also during the time of Fr. Eleuterio S. Lacaron, SVD (1994–1995), that DWCC was named Institute of Local Government Academy (ILGA) in Oriental Mindoro by the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG).

During the administration of Fr. Romeo P. Bancale, SVD, the DWCC Graduate School was granted permit to offer two (2) new graduate programs, Master in Public Administration and Doctor of Philosophy in Management, by virtue of the Government Recognition Nos. 27 and 28, s. 1997, made effective in the school year 1997–1998. It was also in that same year that the High School Department moved out from the main campus to the Janssen campus located in Pachoca, Calapan. The campus has been renamed Freinademetz Campus.

In 2000, during the term of Fr. Ernesto F. Vitor, SVD, government permits were granted to offer Bachelor of Science in Office Administration, Bachelor of Science in Tourism, and Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management, including associate courses in Office Administration, Tourism, and HRM using the ladderized curriculum.

In 2002, the Elementary Department building located adjacent to the High School Department building at the Freinademetz campus was completed. In the succeeding year, the Elementary Department transferred to its new site, thus housing together the Basic Education Department in that campus.

Another milestone for the institution was again achieved when the DWCC-SIFE team of the Student In Free Enterprise (SIFE) was acclaimed the national champion in the SIFE National Exposition held at the Holiday Inn, Manila in February 2002. Later, the said team represented the country in the prestigious SIFE World Cup in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, in September of the same year. In 2005, Jose Lemuel Dimaunahan topped the November 2005 Electronics and Communications Engineering board examination while Heidi Libed topped the 2005 Licensure Examination for Teachers in Region IV.

The year 2006 marked the 60th founding anniversary of the Divine Word College of Calapan. Themed ‘Word in a Changing World’, DWCC, under the administration of Fr. Nielo M. Cantilado, SVD, renewed its commitment to continue to provide quality education.

Pursuant to its thrust in research, DWCC launched the Center for Mindoro Studies in July 2006. As a resource center, the Center for Mindoro Studies focuses on the cultural heritage of Mindoro and helps promote respect for the indigenous culture of the Mangyans. As a center for research, it aims to organize a repository of research and historical materials relevant to the studies of parochial schools, parishes, and municipalities in the provinces of the Island of Mindoro.

In the second semester of school year 2006–2007, assisted by the Technical Education and Skills Authority (TESDA), and under the auspices of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo scholarship programs, DWCC began offering certificate courses in Contact Center Agent Training, Medical Transcription, and Commercial Cooking.

## Academics

### Schools

* School of Accountancy
* School of Business, Hospitality, and Tourism Management
* School of Information and Technology
* School of Engineering
* School of Architecture and Fine Arts
* School of Education
* School of Liberal Arts
* School of Criminal Justice

### Graduate Programs

*Major in:*

### Degree Programs

### TESDA/TVET

* Food and Beverage Services NCII (356 Hours)
* Housekeeping NCII (436 Hours)
* Bread and Pastry Production NCII (141 Hours)
* Computer System Servicing NCII (280 Hours)

## Activities

### The DWCC Gazette

**The DWCC Gazette** is the official student publication of DWCC, published twice every semester. The publication is known for its outstanding performance in numerous inter-scholastic competitions in the Philippines, particularly in Region IV-B and the Mimaropa region.

#### Departments

#### *Katha* Literary Folio

*Katha,* an acronym for *Kalipunan ng mga Akdang Tumatalakay sa mga Hinaing ng mga Aba*, is the official literary folio of the DWCC Gazette published once a year, released between November and February.

The word *katha* is an old Tagalog word for "creation."

#### Comics

The DWCC Gazette's center-fold comics is a popular staple depicting semestral activities.

The comics is often shown with a black and white sketch of the college, including the two large buildings that comprise the campus, namely the Main Building and the Academic (ACD) Building.

Students and characters are portrayed by caricatures characterized by big faces and small bodies made alive by dialogues taken from current school events.

#### Awards and recognitions

* Sep 2003 - Overall Champion, first Mimaropa Higher Education Press Conference
* Sep 2004 - Overall Champion, second Mimaropa Higher Education Press Conference
* 2006 - Best Tabloid Award, 14th CEGP Regional Press Conference 2006
* Nov 2007 - Best Newsletter, fourth Regional Higher Education Press Conference
* Nov 2007 - second Place, Best Tabloid Award, fourth Regional Higher Education Press Conference
* Nov 2007 - second Over-all Winner, fourth Regional Higher Education Press Conference
* Jan 2009 - second Over-all Winner, fifth Regional Higher Education Press Conference
* Feb 2010 - Overall Champion, sixth Mimaropa Higher Education Press Conference
* Feb 2010 - Best Broadsheet, ninth Luzonwide Higher Education Press Conference
* Dec 2012 - Best Tabloid, Mimaropa Higher Education Press Conference
* Nov 2022 - Best Student Organ, National 44th Catholic Mass Media Awards

## Campuses

The Divine Word College of Calapan is housed in three campuses: two campuses in Calapan and the other in Pinamalayan, Oriental Mindoro.

* College Departments and Administrative Offices: Janssen Campus, Sta. Maria Village, Calapan
* Basic Education Departments: Freinademetz Campus, Tibag, Calapan; Pinamalayan.

## InfoBox

Divine Word College of Calapan
| *Dalubhasaang Banal na Salita ng Calapan* (Filipino) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Former names | Mindoro Junior College (1946–1981) |
| Motto | *Your Future is Our Mission* |
| Type | Private Roman Catholic non-profit coeducational basic and higher education institution |
| Established | April 1946 (1946-04) |
| Founder | Society of the Divine Word |
| Accreditation | PAASCU |
| Religious affiliation | Roman Catholic (Verbites) |
| Academic affiliations | DWEA CEAP |
| Chairman | Fr. Felino Javines Jr., SVD |
| President | Fr. Renato Tampol, SVD |
| Vice-president | * Fr. Vicente Castro,Jr., SVD
(VP for Administration) * Fr. Heironimus Ormita, SVD
(VP for Finance) * Bro. Hubertus Guru, SVD
(VP for Academic Affairs) |
| Principal | Mrs. Mary Jane Castillo
(Basic Education) |
| Undergraduates | 3000 |
| Postgraduates | 400 |
| Location | Gov. Infantado St., Calapan, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines
13°24′38″N 121°10′31″E / 13.4105°N 121.1754°E / 13.4105; 121.1754 |
| Campus | Urban
**Main**
Janssen Campus
Brgy. Santa Maria Village (College)
**Satellite**
* Freinademetz Campus
Pachoca, Calapan (Basic Education) * Pinamalayan Campus
Pinamalayan Oriental Mindoro |
| Patron saint | St. Arnold Janssen |
| Colors | Green   and   Yellow |
| Sporting affiliations | CCAA PRISAA |
| Website | web.archive.org/web/20070621084953/http://www.dwcc.edu.ph |
| Location in the LuzonLocation in the Philippines | |


title: Divine Word College of Bangued

abstract: The Divine Word College of Bangued is a private, Catholic higher education institution run by the Philippine Northern Province of the Society of the Divine Word in Bangued, Abra, Philippines. It was founded by a Divine Word Missionary priest in 1920 and given the name Colegio del Sagrado Corazon. In 1964 it was renamed the Divine Word College of Bangued. The college is the most famous in the province.

text:
# Divine Word College of Bangued

The **Divine Word College of Bangued** is a private, Catholic higher education institution run by the Philippine Northern Province of the Society of the Divine Word in Bangued, Abra, Philippines. It was founded by a Divine Word Missionary priest in 1920 and given the name Colegio del Sagrado Corazon. In 1964 it was renamed the Divine Word College of Bangued. The college is the most famous in the province.

## History

The **Divine Word College of Bangued** was founded in 1920 by Theodore Buttenbruch a Catholic priest and member of the Society of the Divine Word. That year, Fr. Buttenbruch took over as parish priest of the parish of Bangued when the old parish priest died and felt the need of a catholic school in Bangued. With the help of some prominent men in the parish he founded a coeducational school in a rented house. Initially named **Colegio del Sagrado Corazon**, it adopted the current name in 1964.

In June 1923, the school was entrusted to the Sister Servants of the Holy Spirit who came to establish their community in Bangued. The old convent (the Holy Spirit Academy at present) was given as their cloister and utilized for additional classrooms.

## Course Offerings

DWCB offers Commission on Higher Education recognized programs in Arts, Education, Accountancy, Biology, Business Administration, Commerce, Computer Secretarial, Health Science Education, Entrepreneurship, Hotel and Restaurant Management, Industrial Engineering, Information Technology, Midwifery, and Nursing.

It also offers master's degrees in education, management, and business administration.

In the 2018/2019 year, the average tuition fee for a bachelor's degree at the DWCB was between 10,000 and 28,000 Philippine pesos.

## Administration

The current president of the Divine Word College is Rev. Fr. Gil Torres Manalo, SVD and is locally known as Fr. Gil. The Finance Officer of the school is Rev. Fr. Ronilo Borja, SVD. And lastly, Rev. Fr. Conradus Haribaik, SVD as the Campus minister.

## Campuses

The main DWCB campus can be found at Rizal St., Zone 6, Bangued 2800, Abra.

## InfoBox

Divine Word College of Bangued
| *Dalubhasaang Banal na Salita ng Bangued* (Filipino) | |
| --- | --- |
| Former name | Colegio del Sagrado Corazon (1920-1964) |
| Motto | *Scientia et Virtus* (Latin) |
| Motto in English | *Knowledge and Virtue* |
| Type | Private Roman Catholic Non-profit Coeducational Basic and Higher education institution |
| Established | 1920 (1920) |
| Founder | Fr. Theodore Buttenbruch, SVD |
| Religious affiliation | Roman Catholic
(Divine Word Missionaries) |
| Academic affiliations | DWEA CEAP PAASCU |
| President | Rev. Fr. Gil T. Manalo, SVD |
| Undergraduates | Approx. |
| Postgraduates | Approx. |
| Location | Rizal St.,Zone 6, Bangued, Abra, Philippines
17°35′58.57″N 120°36′46.85″E / 17.5996028°N 120.6130139°E / 17.5996028; 120.6130139 |
| Campus | Urban |
| Alma Mater song | DWCB Alma Mater Hymn |
| Colors | Red  \-  Yellow  \-  Blue |
| Website | dwcb.tk |
| Location in the LuzonLocation in the Philippines | |


title: The Knowledge (album)

abstract: The Knowledge is the fifteenth studio album, and the fourteenth album of original material, by British rock band Squeeze, released on 13 October 2017. It is the first and only Squeeze album to feature Yolanda Charles on bass after the departure of bassist Lucy Shaw.

text:
# The Knowledge (album)

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 81/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Express & Star* | 5/10 |
| *Glide Magazine* | 9/10 |
| *MusicOMH* |  |

***The Knowledge*** is the fifteenth studio album, and the fourteenth album of original material, by British rock band Squeeze, released on 13 October 2017. It is the first and only Squeeze album to feature Yolanda Charles on bass after the departure of bassist Lucy Shaw.

## Critical reception

Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic rated *The Knowledge* positively; in a four out of five-star review, he proclaimed the record "a masterly latter-day work".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Chris Difford and Glenn Tilbrook

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Innocence in Paradise" | 5:09 |
| 2. | "Patchouli" | 3:45 |
| 3. | "A&E" | 3:39 |
| 4. | "Every Story" | 3:32 |
| 5. | "Rough Ride" | 4:18 |
| 6. | "Departure Lounge" | 5:14 |
| 7. | "Final Score" | 3:57 |
| 8. | "Please Be Upstanding" | 3:59 |
| 9. | "The Ones" | 3:47 |
| 10. | "Albatross" | 2:10 |
| 11. | "Elmers End" | 2:59 |
| 12. | "Two Forks" | 4:29 |

## Personnel

**Squeeze**

with:

* Seamus Beaghen – additional keyboards on 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 11, 12
* Melvin Duffy – pedal steel guitar on 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12
* Dennis Greaves – guitar on 11
* Paul Jordanous – trumpet on 3
* Frank Mead – saxophone on 3, 5, 11
* Chris Rand – saxophone on 3
* Matt Winch – flugelhorn/trumpet on 3, 5, 11
* Cara McHardy – operatic vocals on 5
* Billie Godfrey, Bryan Chambers, Louise Marshall, Simon King – backing vocals on 2, 3, 5, 7

Musicians on track 10:

* Glenn Tilbrook – vocals, guitar, finger cymbals, handclaps
* Chris Difford – vocals
* Ted Tilbrook – bass
* Andrew Jones – bongos, handclaps
* Louis Tilbrook – celesta
* Chris McNally – harmonium

## Charts

| Chart (2017) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 21 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 25 |

## InfoBox

| The Knowledge | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Squeeze | |
| Released | 13 October 2017 (2017-10-13) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 46:58 |
| Label | Love Records |
| Producer | Glenn Tilbrook, Laurie Latham, Andrew Jones |
| Squeeze chronology | |
| *Cradle to the Grave*
(2015) ***The Knowledge***
(2017) | |


title: Directory Access Protocol

abstract: Directory Access Protocol (DAP) is a computer networking standard promulgated by ITU-T and ISO in 1988 for accessing an X.500 directory service. DAP was intended to be used by client computer systems, but was not popular as there were few implementations of the full OSI protocol stack for desktop computers available to be run on the hardware and operating systems typical of that time. The basic operations of DAP: Bind, Read, List, Search, Compare, Modify, Add, Delete and ModifyRDN, were adapted for the Novell Directory Services (NDS) and the Internet Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). DAP is specified in X.511.

text:
# Directory Access Protocol

**Directory Access Protocol** (DAP) is a computer networking standard promulgated by ITU-T and ISO in 1988 for accessing an X.500 directory service. DAP was intended to be used by client computer systems, but was not popular as there were few implementations of the full OSI protocol stack for desktop computers available to be run on the hardware and operating systems typical of that time. The basic operations of DAP: *Bind*, *Read*, *List*, *Search*, *Compare*, *Modify*, *Add*, *Delete* and *ModifyRDN*, were adapted for the Novell Directory Services (NDS) and the Internet Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP).

DAP is specified in X.511.


title: Division for Planetary Sciences

abstract: The Division for Planetary Sciences (DPS) is a division within the American Astronomical Society (AAS) devoted to Solar System research. It was founded in 1968. The first organizing committee members were: Edward Anders, Lewis Branscomb, Joseph W. Chamberlain, Richard M. Goody, John S. Hall, Arvidas Kliore, Michael B. McElroy, Tobias Owen, Gordon Pettengill, Carl Sagan, and Harlan James Smith. As of 2009, it is the largest special-interest division within the AAS. As of Oct 2010, membership totaled approximately 1415 planetary scientists and astronomers, including about 20% residing outside the U.S. DPS sponsors six prizes. The Kuiper Prize honors outstanding contributions to the field of planetary science. The Urey Prize recognizes outstanding achievement in planetary research by a young scientist. The Masursky Award acknowledges outstanding service to planetary science and exploration. The Carl Sagan Medal recognizes and honors outstanding communication by an active planetary scientist to the general public. The Jonathan Eberhart Planetary Sciences Journalism Award is a prize that recognizes and stimulates distinguished popular writing on planetary sciences. The Claudia J. Alexander Prize recognizes outstanding achievement in planetary research by a mid-career scientist. DPS has held meetings annually since 1970. The official journal of the DPS is Icarus.

text:
# Division for Planetary Sciences

The **Division for Planetary Sciences** (DPS) is a division within the American Astronomical Society (AAS) devoted to Solar System research. It was founded in 1968. The first organizing committee members were: Edward Anders, Lewis Branscomb, Joseph W. Chamberlain, Richard M. Goody, John S. Hall, Arvidas Kliore, Michael B. McElroy, Tobias Owen, Gordon Pettengill, Carl Sagan, and Harlan James Smith. As of 2009, it is the largest special-interest division within the AAS. As of Oct 2010, membership totaled approximately 1415 planetary scientists and astronomers, including about 20% residing outside the U.S.

DPS sponsors six prizes. The Kuiper Prize honors outstanding contributions to the field of planetary science. The Urey Prize recognizes outstanding achievement in planetary research by a young scientist. The Masursky Award acknowledges outstanding service to planetary science and exploration. The Carl Sagan Medal recognizes and honors outstanding communication by an active planetary scientist to the general public. The Jonathan Eberhart Planetary Sciences Journalism Award is a prize that recognizes and stimulates distinguished popular writing on planetary sciences. The Claudia J. Alexander Prize recognizes outstanding achievement in planetary research by a mid-career scientist.

DPS has held meetings annually since 1970.

The official journal of the DPS is *Icarus*.


title: Division lattice

abstract: The division lattice is an infinite complete bounded distributive lattice whose elements are the natural numbers ordered by divisibility. Its least element is 1, which divides all natural numbers, while its greatest element is 0, which is divisible by all natural numbers. The meet operation is greatest common divisor while the join operation is least common multiple. The prime numbers are precisely the atoms of the division lattice, namely those natural numbers divisible only by themselves and 1. For any square-free number n, its divisors form a Boolean algebra that is a sublattice of the division lattice. The elements of this sublattice are representable as the subsets of the set of prime factors of n.

text:
# Division lattice

The **division lattice** is an infinite complete bounded distributive lattice whose elements are the natural numbers ordered by divisibility. Its least element is 1, which divides all natural numbers, while its greatest element is 0, which is divisible by all natural numbers. The meet operation is greatest common divisor while the join operation is least common multiple.

The prime numbers are precisely the atoms of the division lattice, namely those natural numbers divisible only by themselves and 1.

For any square-free number *n*, its divisors form a Boolean algebra that is a sublattice of the division lattice. The elements of this sublattice are representable as the subsets of the set of prime factors of *n*.


title: The Last Supper (2012 film)

abstract: The Last Supper is a 2012 Chinese historical film directed by Lu Chuan. The plot is based on events in the Chu–Han Contention, an interregnum between the fall of the Qin dynasty and the founding of the Han dynasty in Chinese history. The film was originally scheduled to be released on 5 July 2012, but was delayed. It premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on 8 September 2012.

text:
# The Last Supper (2012 film)

***The Last Supper*** is a 2012 Chinese historical film directed by Lu Chuan. The plot is based on events in the Chu–Han Contention, an interregnum between the fall of the Qin dynasty and the founding of the Han dynasty in Chinese history. The film was originally scheduled to be released on 5 July 2012, but was delayed. It premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on 8 September 2012.

## Plot

The story is told in flashbacks from the point of view of a 61-year-old Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Han dynasty. Liu Bang has been experiencing nightmares and living in fear and apprehension as he constantly suspects that someone is trying to kill him. In his whole life, he has been afraid of only two persons: Xiang Yu, his rival in their power struggle for supremacy over China after the fall of the Qin dynasty; and Han Xin, a man who previously served Xiang Yu, but later became a general under him, and helped him defeat Xiang Yu. Liu Bang then reflects on key events in his life, such as the Feast at Swan Goose Gate and the Battle of Gaixia.

Among all his subjects, Liu Bang regards Han Xin, Xiao He and Zhang Liang as the three most important persons who assisted him in defeating Xiang Yu and establishing the Han dynasty. Yet, after becoming the emperor, he has started to suspect that Han Xin is plotting against him, so he has imprisoned Han Xin for the past six years. Later, he releases Han Xin and lets him stay in Zhang Liang's residence.

As Liu Bang becomes increasingly paranoid and suspicious of his subjects, Zhang Liang claims to be in poor health and retires to spend his time experimenting with elixirs. Xiao He, who is now the chancellor, is supervising the historians writing the history of the Han dynasty. Liu Bang's wife, Lü Zhi, ultimately threatens and coerces Zhang Liang and Xiao He into turning against Han Xin and writing in the historical record that Han Xin plotted a rebellion.

Xiao He then reluctantly leads Han Xin to a banquet hosted by the empress which is actually a trap. Han Xin is arrested, accused of treason and executed by strangulation, and his dead body is suspended. To prove his loyalty, Xiao He tearfully cuts off Han Xin's head and presents it to Liu Bang, just moments before the emperor dies. It is said that Liu Bang finally found peace in death because he has been living in suspense and fear throughout his life.

## Cast

## Production

Shooting for *The Last Supper* started in March 2011 and ended on 1 November 2011. Locations include the Xiangshan Film City in Ningbo, and Kangxi Grassland in Beijing. The film is based on the latest archaeological data collected in recent years and aims to provide a new perspective on that part of history.

The film was originally titled 鸿门宴 (Feast at Swan Goose Gate) in Chinese, but was later changed to 王的盛宴 (*The King's Supper*) to avoid confusion with Daniel Lee's *White Vengeance* (Chinese title 鸿门宴), which is also based on events in the Chu–Han Contention.

In an interview with *The Hollywood Reporter*, when asked on how different *The Last Supper* would be as compared to other Chinese historical films, director Lu Chuan said, "I wish to present to audiences something believable. Many earlier Chinese historical films showcase gorgeous scenes and flamboyant costumes, but what actually occurred in history thousands of years ago was not like this. I want to show history in its true form, and things that really happened in the past." Lu also revealed that to paint a more accurate picture of history, he and his team had invested a lot of time and money. He had read many historical books and texts, and carefully designed the character models, costumes, props, etc.

### Casting

Chow Yun-fat and Liu Ye were initially considered for the roles of Liu Bang and Xiang Yu respectively, but eventually the latter was cast as Liu Bang instead and Daniel Wu was chosen to play Xiang Yu.

Principal cast members Daniel Wu, Qin Lan and Liu Ye gained weight to prepare for their roles. Wu felt that he was too slim to portray the robustly built Xiang Yu, so he put on 10 kg by having seven meals a day. Qin increased her weight from 48 kg to 54 kg by consuming foods and drinks high in calories and fat in order to play a middle-aged Lü Zhi. Qin portrayed Lü Zhi again in *King's War*, a 2012 Chinese television series about the Chu–Han Contention.

Yang Mi had promised director Lu Chuan to join the cast but she dropped out due to conflicts in her schedule.

## InfoBox

| The Last Supper | |
| --- | --- |
| Poster | |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 王的盛宴 |
| Simplified Chinese | 王的盛宴 |
|
| Hanyu Pinyin | Wáng Dè Shèng Yàn |
|  | |
|  | |
| Directed by | Lu Chuan |
| Written by | Lu Chuan |
| Produced by | Lu Chuan
Qin Hong
Albert Yeung
Teng-kuei Yang
Zhao Xiaowen
Alan Zhang
Gu Guoqing |
| Starring | Liu Ye
Daniel Wu
Chang Chen
Qin Lan
Sha Yi
Nie Yuan
Huo Siyan |
| Cinematography | Zhang Li
Ma Cheng |
| Edited by | Liu Yijia
Cui Liang |
| Music by | Liu Tong |
| Production
company | Beijing Chuan Films |
| Distributed by | Wild Bunch (international) |
| Release date | * 29 November 2012 (2012-11-29) |
| Running time | 110 minutes |
| Country | China |
| Language | Mandarin |


title: The Last Supper (2014 film)

abstract: The Last Supper is a 2014 Indian Malayalam-language adventure thriller film directed by Vinil Vasu starring Unni Mukundan, Anu Mohan, and Pearle Maaney. The film features three characters who journey from Kerala to Tamil Nadu and get trapped in a forest en route. The film was reported to be remade in Hindi by Vinil Vasu.

text:
# The Last Supper (2014 film)

***The Last Supper*** is a 2014 Indian Malayalam-language adventure thriller film directed by Vinil Vasu starring Unni Mukundan, Anu Mohan, and Pearle Maaney. The film features three characters who journey from Kerala to Tamil Nadu and get trapped in a forest en route. The film was reported to be remade in Hindi by Vinil Vasu.

## Plot

## Cast

## Production

Unni Mukundan lost 17 kilograms to play the role of a computer hacker. While filming in Nelliampathi, Mukundan fell in a river.

## Soundtrack

Music by Gopi Sundar. Pearle Maaney sung the song "Belly".

Track listing
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Singer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Belly Song" | Anu Elizabeth Jose | Pearle Maaney | 3:10 |
| 2. | "Idiminnal" | B. K. Harinarayanan | Gopi Sundar, Naresh Iyer | 2:54 |
| 3. | "Bhoothathe Kandittundo" | Gopi Sundar | Gopi Sundar, Gopi Sunder, Abhaya Hiranmayi, Lal, Prakash Alex, Shammi Thilakan, Sruthi Nair | 2:25 |
| Total length: | | | | 8:29 |

## Release

The film was initially scheduled to release on 2 May, but was postponed to 9 May. The film released alongside *God's Own Country* and *My Dear Mummy*.

## Reception

A critic from *The Times of India* rated the film one-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that "In a badly written, poorly conceived film about three friends going on a trip to a devilish place, interest is confined to visuals, mostly of animals who appear regardless of their unique habitats". A critic from *Sify* gave the film a verdict of below average and opined that "The film manages to give you some scary moments but that is not all that you want from a movie for sure. This ?supper? leaves you wanting for more!"

## InfoBox

| The Last Supper | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Vinil Vasu |
| Starring |  |
| Music by | Gopi Sundar |
| Release date | * 9 May 2014 (2014-05-09) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Malayalam |


title: The Majalla

abstract: The Majalla, often directly transliterated as Al Majalla is a Saudi-owned, London-based political news journal published in Arabic, English and Persian. The magazine's headquarters in Saudi Arabia is in Jeddah. From 1980 to 2009 a print edition was issued weekly, every Sunday. In April 2009 the magazine moved to an all-online format. The online version continues to be published weekly.

text:
# The Majalla

***The Majalla***, often directly transliterated as *Al Majalla* (Arabic:**المجلة**, "the magazine") is a Saudi-owned, London-based political news journal published in Arabic, English and Persian. The magazine's headquarters in Saudi Arabia is in Jeddah.

From 1980 to 2009 a print edition was issued weekly, every Sunday. In April 2009 the magazine moved to an all-online format. The online version continues to be published weekly.

## History and profile

*The Majalla* was launched by Hisham Hafiz in London in 1980. The magazine is owned by Saudi Research and Marketing Group (SRMG), and was reestablished in 1987 by Ahmed bin Salman, then chairman of the SRMG. The former chairman of the SRMG is Turki bin Salman Al Saud.

The SRMG owns many other newspapers such as *Arab News*, *Al Eqtisadiah*, *Urdu News* and *Asharq Al Awsat* and magazines, including *Sayidaty*, *Al Jamila*, *Arrajol*, *Bassim* and *Heya*.

*The Majalla*, along with *Sayidaty* and *Al Yamamah*, is among popular magazines in Saudi Arabia.

### Editors

Abdul Karim Abou-Nasr was the first chief editor of the magazine. He created the concept and managed it from April 1, 1979 to October 22, 1983. The first issue was published on February 16, 1980. During this period, Elias Mansour was the managing editor and Gaby G. Tabarani was the secretary of the editorial staff. From 1983 to 1987 the chief editor of the magazine was Othman Al Omeir who owns news portal *Elaph*. Then Abdel Rahman Al Rashid served as the editor-in-chief of the magazine from 1987 to 1998. Adel Al Toraifi was appointed editor-in-chief of *the Majalla* in 2010, and the chief editor of the magazine. In July 2012, Toraifi was also appointed deputy chief editor of *Asharq Al Awsat*, a daily published by SRMG. Toraifi's term as the editor-in-chief of the magazine ended in July 2014 when Salman bin Yousuf Al Dossary was appointed to the post. His term ended in 2016 when Ghassan Charbel was appointed to the post.

*The Majalla* offers the readers an overview of the main weekly news, analysis and exclusive reports with a focus on political affairs. The magazine also provides news from *USA Today*, *Time Magazine*, *World Monitor* and *MEED*.

Because of its close connection with the Arab world, *The Majalla* has often broken stories from sources close to militant groups like the PLO, Hamas, and Al-Qaeda. It also publishes articles written by senior Saudi princes like Prince Turki Al Faisal.

The magazine is also well known for its political cartoons, particularly those by the late Mahmoud Kahil. These were often critical of Israel and the United States. *The Majalla* sponsored London's first Festival for Arab Caricature in 1989.

### Circulation

In 1994 *The Majalla* sold 116,000 copies. The audited circulation of the magazine at the end of the 1990s is stated to be just under 100,000 copies. Its 2009 circulation was 86,961 copies.

## InfoBox

*The Majalla*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Editor-in-chief | Ghassan Charbel |
| Categories | Online news magazine |
| Frequency | Weekly |
| Circulation | 86.961 (2009) |
| Publisher | Saudi Research Publishing Company |
| Founded | 1980 |
| Final issue | April 2009 (print) |
| Company | Saudi Research and Marketing Group (SRMG) |
| Country | United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia |
| Language | Arabic, English and Persian |
| Website | *The Majalla* |
| ISSN | 0261-0876 |


title: Disco Zombies

abstract: Disco Zombies were a UK punk band of the late 1970s, formed in Leicester.

text:
# Disco Zombies

**Disco Zombies** were a UK punk band of the late 1970s, formed in Leicester.

## History

The band formed in Leicester in 1977 by Leicester University students Andy Ross (vocals, guitar), Johnny "Guitar" Hawkins (guitar), Geoff Dodimead (bass guitar), and Andy Fullerton (drums). They expanded to a five-piece with the addition of singer Dave Henderson, formerly of the Blazers. The band's debut EP was the first release on record shop owner Carl Tebbutt's Uptown Records, although its release was delayed after the pressing company closed. The band recorded a session for a local radio station and after several gigs in Leicester, the original line-up came to an end; Hawkins left to complete his studies, to be replaced by Steve Gerrard of the Foamettes, and the band relocated to London. Gerrard soon returned to Leicester to join Farmlife (soon changing their name to The Bomb Party), and was himself replaced by Mark Sutherland.

The band's second single, "Drums Over London", was released on Ross's South Circular Records label, and featured a drum machine replacing the recently-departed Fullerton. It was followed by "Here Come the Buts" on Henderson's Dining Out label, which was a minor hit on the UK Independent Chart. The band recorded a further single but it was not released due to lack of funds.

In 1981, Henderson had restarted Dining Out Records, and the band recorded another proposed single, "Where Have You Been Lately Tony Hateley?", but the band split up before it was released.

While these releases made little impact at the time, they later gained cult status among punk collectors.

Henderson and Ross went on to join the short-lived Club Tango. Henderson later worked for *Mojo*, while Ross went on to launch Food Records

The band reunited for a live show in 2011 and 2018, each time also recorded a new single, the last one with Fullerton back on drums.

Three compilation albums of the band's recordings have been released, the latest and most comprehensive the 2021 double-LP *South London Stinks*, released on Optic Nerve Records.

## Discography

### Albums

* *From Spit to Skewer* (1980), Corporation Cassettes

Compilations * *Drums Over London* (2011), Acute
* *Drums Over London*, Retro
* *South London Stinks* (2021), Optic Nerve

### Singles, EPs

* "Drums Over London" (1979), South Circular
* *The Invisible E.P.* (1979), Uptown/Wizzo
* "Here Come the Buts" (1980), Dining Out – UK Independent no. 40
* "Night of the Big Heat" (2011)
* "Hit" (2018)
* *Live at the Music Machine* (2020), Cherry Red

## InfoBox

| Disco Zombies | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Leicester, England |
| Genres | Punk rock, post-punk |
| Years active | 1977 (1977)–1981 (1981), 2011, 2018 |
|  | |
| Past members | * Andy Ross * Johnny "Guitar" Hawkins * Geoff Dodimead * Andy Fullerton * Dave Henderson * Steve Gerrard * Mark Sutherland |


title: Disco Zoo

abstract: Disco Zoo is a zoo simulation video game developed by Milkbag Games and published by NimbleBit for iOS and Android. It was published into the App Store on 21 February 2014 for iOS.

text:
# Disco Zoo

***Disco Zoo*** is a zoo simulation video game developed by Milkbag Games and published by NimbleBit for iOS and Android. It was published into the App Store on 21 February 2014 for iOS.

## Gameplay

Using pixelated graphics seen in other NimbleBit games such as *Pocket Trains* and *Pocket Planes*, the game puts the player in charge of a virtual zoo. The user starts with a small collection of farm animals, and must rescue more animals to expand the zoo. New exhibits are constructed when a player rescues an animal for the first time; thereafter, additional instances of that animal will be added to the same exhibit.

The game contains 14 different regions: Farm, Outback, Savanna, Northern, Polar, Jungle, Jurassic, Ice Age, City, Mountain, Nocturnal, Moon, Mars, and Constellation. Each region has 7 different animals that can be collected. 3 of these will be "Common", 2 will be "Rare", and one will be "Mythical". The last one is "Timeless" and the Timeless animal for a region is unlocked after a certain amount of resets of the game. Most animals, excluding Moon animals, Mars animals and mythical animals, are real-life animals. Most "Mythical" animals are taken from common stories or myths, such as the Yeti being the Polar Mythical animal, or Sasquatch as the Northern Mythical creature.

Animals are rescued as part of a mini-game. The user must select a region to rescue from, then press "Start Rescue". A blank 5x5 grid will appear. At the top, the animals which can be rescued will appear. Different animals have different patterns of grid tiles; revealing all the tiles occupied by an animal rescues that animal. Players are given a limited number of tile flips for each grid, so care must be taken to avoid unnecessarily turning over tiles. The tiles the player chose not to flip are revealed at the end of the mini-game.

Animals each have unique pens, and each pen can hold up to 25 of a single creature. After this, rescued animals of that type must be released for money, as the maximum amount of that creature is already in the zoo exhibit. Upon release of an animal, the player is rewarded with coins, the game's primary currency. Statues can be earned when specified amounts of each animal are released.

After maxing out 15 pens, the two space regions of Moon and Mars are unlocked. When rescuing an animal of which the player already has 25 copies in their zoo, they will also be given the option to prepare it for space instead of releasing it. This stores the animal in the Space Pen where a maximum of 10 animals of each species can be held. Those animals are used to fulfill Space Requests, each requiring certain animals of a region in certain quantities and rewarding the player with Space Coins, an alternative currency of the game and the only way to rescue animals from the Moon and Mars regions.

Players can use the game's other currency, "Discobux", to hold a disco party in the zoo at any time, which keeps animals awake and doubles the amount of coins received from exhibits; additionally, a disco ball appears at the top of the screen, disco music plays, and both zoo patrons and animals dance for the duration of the party. When a disco is not in progress, animals are subject to falling asleep after a specified time, after which they will not earn coins until the user wakes them up. Short discos will happen for free if a trophy is earned from releasing set numbers of animals. Players can choose to hold parties for one minute, one hour, or eight hours, depending on the amount of Discobux they choose to spend.

After obtaining at least 10 copies of each animal of at least 10 regions, the player will be offered the option to reset the game and start over, losing all coins, animals and statues but keeping any Discobux, Space Coins and decorative items. This opens up unlocking of Timeless animals. One new Timeless animal is unlocked after each game reset, requiring 12 game resets to unlock them all.

## Reception

*Disco Zoo* has been received fairly well by critics, who described the game as fitting in well with previous "fun Nimblebit-style titles", but some reviewers expressed concerns about players eventually becoming uninterested in continuing to play the game. Metacritic gave an aggregated score of 70/100 based on 9 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". *TouchArcade* rated it 4 out of 5 stars, noting it "perfectly fits on the App Store shelves next to Tiny Tower, Nimble Quest and their other titles". *PC Magazine* also rated it 4 out of 5, saying the game has "a quirky theme, lots of gameplay, and a heaping of adorableness". 148Apps' 4 star rating described it as "a nice and charming game", but was concerned "that feeling that it's possible to just quit at any time does ultimately drag it down." *Pocket Gamer* gave it 3 stars, calling it an "artfully constructed free-to-play time \[...\] spinner." However, *USgamer* only rated it 1.5/5, with its overall conclusion being "a polished title with a couple of nice ideas completely undermined by boring mechanics and obtrusive, game-breaking monetization."

## InfoBox

| Disco Zoo | |
| --- | --- |
| Game logo | |
| Developer(s) | Milkbag Games |
| Publisher(s) | NimbleBit |
| Platform(s) | iOS, Android |
| Release | * WW: 21 February 2014 |
| Genre(s) | Zoo simulation video game |
| Mode(s) | single-player |


title: The Man Without Sleep

abstract: The Man Without Sleep is a 1926 German silent film directed by Carl Boese and starring Harry Liedtke, Maly Delschaft, and Fritz Kampers. It premiered in Berlin on 12 February 1926. The film's art direction was by Julius von Borsody.

text:
# The Man Without Sleep

***The Man Without Sleep*** (German: ***Der Mann ohne Schlaf***) is a 1926 German silent film directed by Carl Boese and starring Harry Liedtke, Maly Delschaft, and Fritz Kampers. It premiered in Berlin on 12 February 1926. The film's art direction was by Julius von Borsody.

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Grange, William. *Cultural Chronicle of the Weimar Republic*. Scarecrow Press, 2008.

## InfoBox

| The Man Without Sleep | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Carl Boese |
| Written by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Alfred Hansen |
| Production<br>company | Terra Film |
| Distributed by | Terra Film |
| Release date | * 12 February 1926 (1926-02-12) |
| Country | Germany |
| Languages |  |


title: The Long Tank, Madras

abstract: The Long Tank was a natural lake which was situated on the western frontier of the city Madras, India. Comprising two sections - the Mylapore Tank to the south and a feeder lake Nungambakkam Tank to the north, it extended for about five miles from Sterling Road in the north to the suburb of Saidapet in the south. About a mile in width, it formed the boundary of Madras city as well as the district till 1921. Much of the Mylapore Tank was filled up in the 1920s to create the planned township of T. Nagar. The Nungambakkam Tank was filled up in 1971 and the memorial Valluvar Kottam constructed on the reclaimed land.

text:
# The Long Tank, Madras

**The Long Tank** was a natural lake which was situated on the western frontier of the city Madras, India. Comprising two sections - the Mylapore Tank to the south and a feeder lake Nungambakkam Tank to the north, it extended for about five miles from Sterling Road in the north to the suburb of Saidapet in the south. About a mile in width, it formed the boundary of Madras city as well as the district till 1921.

Much of the Mylapore Tank was filled up in the 1920s to create the planned township of T. Nagar. The Nungambakkam Tank was filled up in 1971 and the memorial Valluvar Kottam constructed on the reclaimed land.

* Sriram, V. "Locating a lost lake of Madras". *The Hindu*.
* indiatimes.com - Shocking pictures of Chennai floods


title: Divertimento No. 17 (Mozart)

abstract: The Divertimento No. 17 in D major, K. 334/320b was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart between 1779 and 1780 and was possibly composed for commemorating the graduation of a close friend of Mozart's, Georg Sigismund Robinig, from his law studies at the University of Salzburg in 1780. Lasting about 42 minutes, it is the longest of the divertimenti by Mozart. The third movement from the divertimento remains so popular that it is often referred to as Mozart's Minuet.

text:
# Divertimento No. 17 (Mozart)

The **Divertimento No. 17 in D major, K. 334/320b** was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart between 1779 and 1780 and was possibly composed for commemorating the graduation of a close friend of Mozart's, Georg Sigismund Robinig, from his law studies at the University of Salzburg in 1780. Lasting about 42 minutes, it is the longest of the divertimenti by Mozart.

The third movement (the first Menuetto) from the divertimento remains so popular that it is often referred to as **Mozart's Minuet**.

## Instrumentation

This divertimento is scored for 2 violins, viola, double bass and 2 horns.

## Movements

This divertimento consists of 6 movements:

1. *Allegro* (in D major and in sonata form)
2. *Tema con variazioni (Andante)* (in D minor, theme and 6 variations, fourth variation in D major)
3. *Menuetto \- Trio* (in D major and in compound ternary form, trio in G major)
4. *Adagio* (in A major and in sonata form)
5. *Menuetto - Trio I - Trio II* (in D major and in rondo form, where the first trio is in D minor and the second trio is in B minor)
6. *Rondo (Allegro)* (in D major and in sonata rondo form)

In Kurt Sanderling's recording of this piece, both the Adagio and the second Menuetto are omitted. In the recording with Florian Heyerick conducting the Kurpfälzisches Kammerorchester Mannheim, part of the Rondo is omitted.