title: Benjamin McCandlish

abstract: Benjamin Vaughan McCandlish was a United States Navy flag officer who served as the 36th Naval Governor of Guam and was a recipient of the Navy Cross.

text:
# Benjamin McCandlish

**Benjamin Vaughan McCandlish** (June 3, 1886  October 16, 1975) was a United States Navy flag officer who served as the 36th Naval Governor of Guam and was a recipient of the Navy Cross.

## Early life

On June 3, 1886, McCandlish was born in Petersburg, Virginia. McCandlish was the fifth of six children of James Gray McCandlish (1854-1899) and Lelia Jane (nee Vaughan) McCandlish (1856-1937). McCandlish's siblings include, Elsie Gray McCandlish, Walter Taliaferro McCandlish, Lelia Vaughan 'Dee Dee' McCandlish, James Gray McCandlish, Jr. and Sarah Ellen 'Sadie' McCandlish.

## Education

In 1909, McCandlish earned a degree from the United States Naval Academy in 1909.

## Career

As an ensign, McCandlish served aboard USS *New York*, an armored cruiser that was renamed USS *Saratoga* in 1911.

During World War I, on August 25, 1918, McCandlish commanded USS *Davis*, a *Sampson*-class destroyer, during its mission to escort troops to Europe through waters infested by German U-boats, until August 6, 1919. For his actions, he received the Navy Cross as a lieutenant commander. McCandlish commanded a number of different-class vessels during the 1920s and 1930s until 12 August 1938, when he assumed his last seagoing command. On August 12, 1938, McCandlish became the first captain of USS *Boise*, a *Brooklyn*-class cruiser. In February 1939, following a shakedown cruise to Monrovia, Liberia; and Cape Town, Union of South Africa, McCandlish's *Boise* joined Division 9, Cruisers, Battle Force, at San Pedro, California. On December 4, 1941, *Boise* arrived at Manila, Philippine Islands.

### Governor of Guam

McCandlish served as Naval Governor of Guam from March 27, 1936, to February 8, 1938. Along with others in the U.S. Naval Command, he placed emphasis on basic hygiene education for the island's children, often in a dictatorial manner resented by some Chamorro. He discouraged a mission of the Guam Congress to the federal government, instead instructing them to look toward the numerous welfare agencies he had set up on the island. The Congress sent the mission regardless, and ceased to accept funds from the Navy.

### World War II service

In 1940, prior to World War II, Capt. McCandlish was selected to serve as Captain of the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth, Virginia, was promoted to flag rank as Commodore (pay grade 0-7) in April 1943, and commanded the Moroccan Sea Frontier from October 13, 1943, to August 1, 1945.

## Personal life

On June 12, 1914, in Manila, Philippine Islands, McCandlish married Margarita Wilson Wood (1892–1954).

On August 25, 1954, McCandlish's wife Margherita Wood McCandlish died in a hospital in Hartsville, South Carolina. McCandlish is interred at Blandford Cemetery in Petersburg, Virginia.

In Darlington, South Carolina, McCandlish married Louise Sligh Brown (Maiden, 1904–1988), former wife of Gustave Waldeck Sligh He retired as a commodore, settled in Darlington, became a well-known society figure.

On 16 October 1975, McCandlish died in Darlington, South Carolina. McCandlish is interred at Blandford Cemetery in Petersburg, Virginia.

McCandlish's sister Elsie Gray McCandlish married F.A. Miller.

## Awards

"The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Lieutenant Commander Benjamin Vaughan McCandlish, United States Navy, for distinguished service in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the U.S.S. DAVIS. engaged in the important, exacting, and hazardous duty of patrolling the waters infested with enemy submarines and mines, in escorting and protecting vitally important convoys of troops, and supplies through these waters, and in offensive and defensive action, vigorously and unremittingly prosecuted against all forms of enemy naval activity during World War I."

## InfoBox

| CommodoreBenjamin McCandlish | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 36th Naval Governor of Guam | |
| **In office**
March 27, 1936  February 8, 1938 | |
| Preceded by | George A. Alexander |
| Succeeded by | James Thomas Alexander |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Benjamin Vaughan McCandlish
(1886-06-03)June 3, 1886
Petersburg, Virginia |
| Died | October 16, 1975(1975-10-16) (aged 89)
Darlington, South Carolina |
| Resting place | Blandford Cemetery, Petersburg, Virginia |
| Nationality | United States |
| Spouse(s) | Margherita Wood McCandlish, Louise Sligh Brown |
|  | |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/branch | United States Navy |
| Rank | U.S. Navy Commodore |
| Awards | Navy Cross, Legion of Merit |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Bereza, Lublin Voivodeship

abstract: Bereza is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Międzyrzec Podlaski, within Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Międzyrzec Podlaski, 25 km (16 mi) west of Biała Podlaska, and 80 km (50 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin.

text:
# Bereza, Lublin Voivodeship

**Bereza** \[bɛˈrɛza\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Międzyrzec Podlaski, within Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Międzyrzec Podlaski, 25 km (16 mi) west of Biała Podlaska, and 80 km (50 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin.

## InfoBox

| Bereza | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Bereza | |
| Coordinates: 51°57′N 22°47′E / 51.950°N 22.783°E / 51.950; 22.783 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Biała Podlaska |
| Gmina | Międzyrzec Podlaski |


title: Bernard A. Friedman

abstract: Bernard Alvin Friedman is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan.

text:
# Bernard A. Friedman

**Bernard Alvin Friedman** (born September 23, 1943) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan.

## Education and career

Born in Detroit, Michigan, Friedman received a Juris Doctor from Detroit College of Law, now Michigan State University College of Law in 1968. He was in the United States Army, JAG Corps from 1967 to 1968, reaching the rank of lieutenant. He continued at this rank in the United States Army Reserve JAG Corps from 1968 to 1973. Friedman was a felony trial attorney of Wayne County prosecutor's office, Michigan from 1969 to 1970. He was in private practice in Detroit from 1970 to 1974, and in Southfield, Michigan from 1974 to 1982. He was a judge on the 48th district court, Michigan from 1982 to 1988.

## Federal judicial service

On February 2, 1988, Friedman was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan vacated by judge Robert Edward DeMascio. Friedman was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 19, 1988, and received his commission on April 20, 1988. He served as chief judge from June 16, 2004 until he assumed senior status on January 1, 2009. When he took senior status, he was replaced by judge Gershwin A. Drain.

## Notable decisions

### Overturning Michigan's same-sex marriage ban

On March 21, 2014, Friedman struck down Michigan's constitutional and statutory bans on same-sex marriage. As he did not immediately issue a stay on his ruling, more than three hundred marriage licenses were issued to same-sex couples before the Sixth Circuit Court issued a stay on Friedman's ruling the next day, pending appeals. The federal government announced it would recognize the marriages that took place during the brief period it was legal.

On August 22, 2015, Friedman presided over the wedding of the plaintiffs who he had originally ruled in favor of, after the U.S. Supreme Court had ruled two months earlier that all state bans on same-sex marriage were unconstitutional.

### Overturning the Federal ban on female genital mutilation (FGM)

On November 20, 2018, he ruled that the federal law against female genital mutilation (FGM) is unconstitutional because the law overreaches the federal government's enumerated powers as defined by the "necessary and proper" clause and the "Interstate commerce" clause.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Bernard A. Friedman | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
January 1, 2009 | |
| Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan | |
| **In office**
June 16, 2004  January 1, 2009 | |
| Preceded by | Lawrence Paul Zatkoff |
| Succeeded by | Gerald Ellis Rosen |
| Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan | |
| **In office**
April 20, 1988  January 1, 2009 | |
| Appointed by | Ronald Reagan |
| Preceded by | Robert Edward DeMascio |
| Succeeded by | Gershwin A. Drain |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1943-09-23) September 23, 1943
Detroit, Michigan, U.S. |
| Education | Detroit College of Law (J.D.) |
|  | |


title: Riozinho River (Braço Menor)

abstract: The Riozinho River is a river of Tocantins state in central Brazil. It is a tributary of the Braco Menor do Rio Araguaia River

text:
# Riozinho River (Braço Menor)

The **Riozinho River** is a river of Tocantins state in central Brazil. It is a tributary of the Braco Menor do Rio Araguaia River

## InfoBox

| Riozinho River | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Tocantins state |
|  | |
| Mouth | Braco Menor do Rio Araguaia River |


title: Riozinho

abstract: Riozinho is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

text:
# Riozinho

**Riozinho** is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

## InfoBox

| Riozinho | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Location within Rio Grande do Sul | |
| RiozinhoLocation in Brazil | |
| Coordinates: 29°38′27″S 50°27′10″W / 29.64083°S 50.45278°W / -29.64083; -50.45278 | |
| Country | Brazil |
| State | Rio Grande do Sul |
| Population (2020 ) | |
| Total | 4,676 |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (BRT) |


title: Bernd Hoss

abstract: Bernd Hoss was a German football manager. Hoss managed 34 games for SpVgg Blau-Weiß 1890 Berlin in the Bundesliga during his career.

text:
# Bernd Hoss

**Bernd Hoss** (19 June 1939 – 6 April 2016) was a German football manager.

Hoss managed 34 games for SpVgg Blau-Weiß 1890 Berlin in the Bundesliga during his career.

## InfoBox

Bernd Hoss
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Bernd Hoss | | |
| Date of birth | (1939-06-19)19 June 1939 | | |
| Place of birth | Neckarhausen, Germany | | |
| Date of death | 6 April 2016(2016-04-06) (aged 76) | | |
| Place of death | Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany | | |
| Height | 1.82 m (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Managerial career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | | |
| 1969–1971 | FV Ebingen | | |
| 1971–1974 | Mainz 05 | | |
| 1974–1976 | FK Pirmasens | | |
| 1976–1977 | Wormatia Worms | | |
| 1977 | Karlsruher SC | | |
| 1978–1979 | Wuppertaler SV | | |
| 1980–1981 | Freiburger FC | | |
| 1981 | VfL Osnabrück | | |
| 1983–1984 | Tennis Borussia Berlin | | |
| 1984–1989 | SpVgg Blau-Weiß 1890 Berlin | | |
| 1989–1990 | SC Freiburg | | |


title: Rikuu West Line

abstract: Rikuu West Line The Rikuu West Line is a railway line in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company. It connects Shinjō Station to Amarume Station, and trains continue on to Sakata Station, even though it is not officially a part of the Rikuu West Line. Its name refers to the ancient provinces of Mutsu (陸奥) and Dewa (出羽), although strictly speaking, only the Rikuu East Line connects both areas.

text:
# Rikuu West Line

The **Rikuu West Line** (陸羽西線, *Rikuu-sai-sen*) is a railway line in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It connects Shinjō Station to Amarume Station, and trains continue on to Sakata Station, even though it is not officially a part of the Rikuu West Line.

Its name refers to the ancient provinces of Mutsu (陸奥) and Dewa (出羽) (or alternatively, the Meiji-era provinces of Rikuzen (陸前) and Uzen (羽前)), although strictly speaking, only the Rikuu East Line connects both areas.

## Station list

| Station | Japanese | Distance (km) | | Rapid | Transfers |  | Location |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Between<br>stations | Total | | | | |
| Shinjō | 新庄 | - | 0.0 |  |  |  | Shinjō |
| Masukata | 升形 | 7.5 | 7.5 |  |  |  | |
| Uzen-Zennami | 羽前前波 | 3.1 | 10.6 |  |  |  | |
| Tsuya | 津谷 | 2.3 | 12.9 |  |  |  | Tozawa |
| Furukuchi | 古口 | 4.1 | 17.0 |  |  |  | |
| Takaya | 高屋 | 7.8 | 24.8 |  |  |  | |
| Kiyokawa | 清川 | 6.3 | 31.1 |  |  |  | Shōnai |
| Karikawa | 狩川 | 3.8 | 34.9 |  |  |  | |
| Minamino | 南野 | 4.0 | 38.9 |  |  |  | |
| Amarume | 余目 | 4.1 | 43.0 |  | Uetsu Main Line | ^ | |
| Through to the Uetsu Main Line (*via Kita-Amarume, Sagoshi and Higashi-Sakata*) | | | | | | | |
| Sakata | 酒田 | - | 55.3 |  | Uetsu Main Line |  | Sakata |

Symbols:

* | - Single-track
* ◇ - Single-track; station where trains can pass
* ^ - Double-track section starts from this point
* ∥ - Double-track
* ∨ - Single-track section starts from this point

## Rolling stock

## History

The line was opened in sections between 1913 and 1914. Freight services ceased in 1987, and CTC signalling was commissioned in 1991.

Due to the construction of a tunnel, that is part of Shinjo Sakata Road of National Route 47, the Rikuu West Line has temporarily suspended services since 14 May 2022 until at least 2024~2025, with replacement buses operating in the neighbour towns of stations.

## InfoBox

| Rikuu West Line | |
| --- | --- |
| DMU train on the Rikuu West Line crossing the Tsunokawa River in Tozawa, Yamagata, Japan. | |
| Overview | |
| Native name | 陸羽西線 |
| Status | Operation temporarily suspended |
| Owner | JR East |
| Locale | Yamagata Prefecture |
| Termini |  |
| Stations | 10 |
| Service | |
| Operator(s) | JR East |
| Depot(s) | Kogota |
| Rolling stock | KiHa 110 series DMU |
| History | |
| Opened | 1913 |
| Technical | |
| Line length | 43.0 km (26.7 mi) |
| Number of tracks | Entire line single tracked |
| Character | Rural |
| Track gauge | 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) |
| Electrification | None |
| Operating speed | 95 km/h (59 mph) |
| Route map | |


title: Bernardo di Niccolò Machiavelli

abstract: Bernardo di Niccolò Machiavelli was a citizen of Florence and father to Niccolò Machiavelli. Although he was a Doctor of Law, debts inherited from his father and uncles limiting his career prevented him from joining the legal guild. In the year 1480, Bernardo reported being unemployed on his tax return. He is known independently for his diary or Libro di Ricordi, chronicling the years 1474–1487. The pages, housed in the Biblioteca Riccardiana in Florence, serve as a valuable window into everyday life and culture during the time and provide the only reliable information on his famous son's early youth. Bernardo Machiavelli was married to Bartolommea di Stefano Nelli. They had four children, Primavera, Margherita, Niccolò and Totto.

text:
# Bernardo di Niccolò Machiavelli

**Bernardo di Niccolò Machiavelli** (between 1426 and 1429 – 1500) was a citizen of Florence and father to Niccolò Machiavelli. Although he was a Doctor of Law (hence, his title of *Messer*), debts inherited from his father and uncles limiting his career prevented him from joining the legal guild. In the year 1480, Bernardo reported being unemployed on his tax return. He is known independently for his diary or *Libro di Ricordi*, chronicling the years 1474–1487. The pages, housed in the Biblioteca Riccardiana in Florence, serve as a valuable window into everyday life and culture during the time and provide the only reliable information on his famous son's early youth. Bernardo Machiavelli was married to Bartolommea di Stefano Nelli. They had four children, Primavera, Margherita, Niccolò (the author of *The Prince*) and Totto.

## Bibliography

* Catherine Atkinson: *Debts, Dowries, Donkeys. The Diary of Niccolò Machiavelli’s Father, Messer Bernardo, in Quattrocento Florence*, Frankfurt am Main 2002, ISBN 3-631-38351-7
* Cesare Olschki, Hrsg.: *Bernardo Machiavelli, Libro di Ricordi*, Florenz 1954.


title: Bernardo do Mearim

abstract: Bernardo do Mearim is a municipality in the state of Maranhão in the Northeast region of Brazil.

text:
# Bernardo do Mearim

**Bernardo do Mearim** is a municipality in the state of Maranhão in the Northeast region of Brazil.

4°35′02″S 44°45′50″W / 4.58389°S 44.7639°W / -4.58389; -44.7639

## InfoBox

| Bernardo do Mearim | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Region | Nordeste |
| State | Maranhão |
| Mesoregion | Centro Maranhense |
| Population (2020 ) | |
| Total | 6,073 |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (BRT) |


title: Risting Glacier

abstract: Risting Glacier is a glacier, 4.5 nautical miles (8 km) long, lying north of Jenkins Glacier and flowing southeast into the head of Drygalski Fjord in the south part of South Georgia. Surveyed by the South Georgia Survey (SGS) under Duncan Carse in the period 1951–57, and named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Sigurd Risting (1870-1935), Norwegian whaling historian; secretary of Norsk Hvalfangerforening, 1918–35, and editor of Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende, 1922–35. The German Antarctic Expedition under Wilhelm Filchner, 1911–12, named Drygalski Fjord and this glacier for Erich von Drygalski, leader of the German Antarctic Expedition, 1901–03, but the name for the glacier did not survive. A number of features in Antarctica, including Drygalski Glacier, are named for Drygalski.

text:
# Risting Glacier

**Risting Glacier** (54°46′S 36°6′W / 54.767°S 36.100°W / -54.767; -36.100) is a glacier, 4.5 nautical miles (8 km) long, lying north of Jenkins Glacier and flowing southeast into the head of Drygalski Fjord in the south part of South Georgia. Surveyed by the South Georgia Survey (SGS) under Duncan Carse in the period 1951–57, and named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Sigurd Risting (1870-1935), Norwegian whaling historian; secretary of Norsk Hvalfangerforening, 1918–35, and editor of Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende, 1922–35. The German Antarctic Expedition under Wilhelm Filchner, 1911–12, named Drygalski Fjord and this glacier for Erich von Drygalski, leader of the German Antarctic Expedition, 1901–03, but the name for the glacier did not survive. A number of features in Antarctica, including Drygalski Glacier, are named for Drygalski.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Risting Glacier". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.

## InfoBox

| Risting Glacier | |
| --- | --- |
| Risting Glacier flows into Drygalski Ford | |
| Location of Risting Glacier in South Georgia | |
| Location | South Georgia |
| Coordinates | 54°46′S 36°6′W / 54.767°S 36.100°W / -54.767; -36.100 |
| Length | 4.5 nmi (8 km; 5 mi) |
| Thickness | unknown |
| Terminus | Drygalski Fjord |
| Status | unknown |


title: Rincon, Georgia

abstract: Rincon is a city in Effingham County, Georgia, United States. The 2020 population was 10,934, up from 8,836 at the 2010 census. Rincon is part of the Savannah metropolitan statistical area.

text:
# Rincon, Georgia

**Rincon** is a city in Effingham County, Georgia, United States. The 2020 population was 10,934, up from 8,836 at the 2010 census. Rincon is part of the Savannah metropolitan statistical area.

## History

Rincon, in the southeast area of Effingham County, Georgia, was incorporated as a city in 1927. While the earliest settlers came to the area in 1751, the area had little development until the late 19th century.

During the American Civil War, when forces of the Union Army penetrated the South, thousands of slaves escaped from plantations to go to their lines. Many fell in with the forces of Union General William Tecumseh Sherman and followed his March to the Sea. Hundreds of fugitive African-Americans drowned during the campaign while trying to cross Ebenezer Creek near the site of present-day Rincon, outside of Savannah. In 2010 the Georgia Historical Society erected a historical marker about this event, as part of a major project to memorialize little-known events from the Civil War era and recognize African-American sacrifices for freedom.

Rincon's development was catalyzed by the coming of the railroad in the 1890s. A rail line was built from the Carolinas across the state line at the Savannah River and southward to Savannah. The name of the city is believed to have been adopted from the Spanish or Mexican name *Rincón,* after a small but prosperous town in Mexico. (*Rincón* means "corner", more specifically an inside corner as one might refer to a nook, cove, or a more isolated location.)

Once the railroad and depot were built at Rincon, a telegraph operator or agent was on duty as early as about 1895. This opened up the area to long-distance communication. In addition to the railroad, a "dirt" road (now improved as State Highway 21) was built northwest from Savannah to Rincon and beyond, and other country roads were developed in the area. Rincon became a small hive of trading activity. The surrounding farmers, sawmill operators and the like, who had taken their products of cotton and lumber to Savannah, could "wagon" to Rincon to ship by rail. They also could receive shipments there and travel as rail passengers.

About the time of World War I, there was a spurt of local activity. Some men served in the military, and many locals in and around Rincon commuted daily to work in shipbuilding and other war-related plants in Port Wentworth and Savannah. Soon after the war, new homes were built or completed by new residents and old.

Residents established a grade school for white students about 1900 in an old two-story building opposite the Lutheran church. A few years later the school was relocated into a new two-story building between 4th and 5th streets. It had a steeple belltower and bell to signal recess and lunch periods, and the daily opening and closing of school. That building was used for at least 40 years for both grade school and high school. First known as the Effingham Institute. Its name was changed in the early 1920s to Rincon High School. Racial segregation continued to exclude African Americans from this school.

By 1929 the corporate government of the small town had become inactive, in part due to the small population. Sometime later, however, the population began to increase. By 1950 the population was 454. By 1955 it was 650 and by 1960 it was 1,057. Rincon was reincorporated and organized as the Town of Rincon around the end of 1954. The incorporated limits of Rincon originally formed a circle having a diameter of 2.5 miles (4.0 km), with the center at the site of the old (now gone) railroad depot, but annexations of land since the late 20th century have changed this shape.

In approximately 1934, Georgia State Route 21 was paved from the Chatham County line in the south, northward through Rincon and Springfield and beyond. In about 1939, electric lines were installed, and electric power was supplied from the Savannah Electric and Power Company, replacing private individual small plants. These improvements were made during the Great Depression to provide jobs to working men, with assistance from the federal government under the WPA program of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, whose administration invested heavily in infrastructure in the South.

In late 1955, Rincon installed its own city pump, tank, lines and water system, enabling "running water" throughout for the first time. In 1956, a volunteer fire department was organized. Also beginning in that year, many arterials and streets were paved.

As suburban development has expanded outward from Savannah, since 1990 the population of Rincon has grown rapidly, rising from 2,697 in 1990 to an estimated 9,638 in 2014.

## Geography

Rincon is located in southeastern Effingham County at 32°17′36″N 81°14′3″W / 32.29333°N 81.23417°W / 32.29333; -81.23417 (32.293258, -81.234171). Georgia State Route 21 passes through the town, leading northwest 7 miles (11 km) to Springfield, the county seat, and south 18 miles (29 km) to Savannah.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.9 square miles (23.0 km2), all land.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1930 | 317 |  |  |
| 1940 | 285 |  | −10.1% |
| 1950 | 424 |  | 48.8% |
| 1960 | 1,057 |  | 149.3% |
| 1970 | 1,854 |  | 75.4% |
| 1980 | 1,988 |  | 7.2% |
| 1990 | 2,697 |  | 35.7% |
| 2000 | 4,376 |  | 62.3% |
| 2010 | 8,836 |  | 101.9% |
| 2020 | 10,934 |  | 23.7% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

Rincon racial composition as of 2020
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 6,663 | 60.94% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 2,512 | 22.97% |
| Native American | 28 | 0.26% |
| Asian | 254 | 2.32% |
| Pacific Islander | 10 | 0.09% |
| Other/Mixed | 650 | 5.94% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 817 | 7.47% |

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 10,934 people, 3,827 households, and 2,537 families residing in the city.

## Notable people

1. "City of Rincon, Georgia". City of Rincon, Georgia. Retrieved September 4, 2012.
2. "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
3. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
4. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
5. "Rincon (Town) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". Archived from the original on May 5, 2012. Retrieved February 17, 2012.
6. http://georgiahistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/9.5.11\_CW150\_AJC.pdf
7. "Historical markers illustrate overlooked stories", 5 September 2011; accessed 28 July 2016
8. Krakow, Kenneth K. (1975). *Georgia Place-Names: Their History and Origins* (PDF). Macon, GA: Winship Press. p. 189. ISBN 0-915430-00-2.
9. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Archived from the original on May 23, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
10. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
11. "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Rincon town, Georgia". *American Factfinder*. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 26, 2016.
12. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
13. "Explore Census Data". *data.census.gov*. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
14. "Billy Currington Walks a Little Straighter With Debut Hit". Country Music Television. Archived from the original on May 27, 2009. Retrieved September 4, 2012.
15. "Bill Hitchens' Biography". Vote Smart. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
16. "Tracy Yardley! Visual Storyteller of Sonic the Hedgehog (and more)". Effingham Magazine. Retrieved January 7, 2024.

## InfoBox

| Rincon, Georgia | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Motto: "Just around the corner from everywhere you want to be" | |
| Location in Effingham County and the state of Georgia | |
| Coordinates: 32°17′36″N 81°14′3″W / 32.29333°N 81.23417°W / 32.29333; -81.23417 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Georgia |
| County | Effingham |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Ken Lee |
| City Manager | Jonathan Lynn |
| Area | |
| Total | 9.75 sq mi (25.24 km2) |
| Land | 9.75 sq mi (25.24 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 72 ft (22 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 10,934 |
| Density | 1,121.90/sq mi (433.17/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (EST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 31326 |
| Area code | 912 |
| FIPS code | 13-65296 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0332857 |
| Website | www.cityofrincon.com |


title: Rincon (surfspot)

abstract: Rincon (Spanish, "angle" or "corner") is a surf spot located at the Ventura and Santa Barbara County line in Southern California, United States. Also known as the "Queen of the Coast", Rincon is one of the most famous surf spots in California, known around the world for its well-formed waves and long rides. The book 100 Best Surf Spots in the World rates Rincon at 24. It is best at low tide during the winter months when swells are coming mostly from the west and northwest. There is a gated residential community that occupies most of the Rincon beachfront. Public access is provided at parking lots on both sides of the gated community, with restrooms and a picnic area in the upper parking lot, Rincon Beach Park. Rincon Point is home to the Rincon Classic surf championship scheduled for January each year. The championship draws local surf greats and spectators to the beach every year. Though scheduled for January, the event is often delayed until surf conditions merit a contest. Once these surf conditions are met the contest is held from Saturday through Sunday. There are multiple divisions ranging from the Legends (55+) to the gremlins (U12). There are nine divisions for the men, including the pro division, while there are 2 divisions for the women. The pro division mainly consists of local professional surfers including world surf league competitor Conner Coffin who competes in the contest almost every year. The contest is open to the public and local residents receive priority registration based on their county. During the contest local restaurants provide lunch for the competitors and also sell food to the public. These restaurants include Nutbelly and Rincon Brewery.

text:
# Rincon (surfspot)

**Rincon** *(Spanish,* "angle" or "corner"*)* is a surf spot located at the Ventura and Santa Barbara County line in Southern California, United States. Also known as the "Queen of the Coast", Rincon is one of the most famous surf spots in California, known around the world for its well-formed waves and long rides. The book *100 Best Surf Spots in the World* rates Rincon at 24. It is best at low tide during the winter months when swells are coming mostly from the west and northwest. There is a gated residential community that occupies most of the Rincon beachfront. Public access is provided at parking lots on both sides of the gated community, with restrooms and a picnic area in the upper parking lot, Rincon Beach Park.

Rincon Point is home to the Rincon Classic surf championship scheduled for January each year. The championship draws local surf greats and spectators to the beach every year. Though scheduled for January, the event is often delayed until surf conditions merit a contest. Once these surf conditions are met the contest is held from Saturday through Sunday. There are multiple divisions ranging from the Legends (55+) to the gremlins (U12). There are nine divisions for the men, including the pro division, while there are 2 divisions for the women. The pro division mainly consists of local professional surfers including world surf league competitor Conner Coffin who competes in the contest almost every year. The contest is open to the public and local residents receive priority registration based on their county . During the contest local restaurants provide lunch for the competitors and also sell food to the public. These restaurants include Nutbelly and Rincon Brewery.

## Geography and ecology

Rincon is located along U.S. Route 101 at Bates Road. It is divided into three parts: the Cove, Rivermouth, and Indicator. The cove is the best part of the point and is the closest to the freeway. Rivermouth is the fastest section of the wave reaching from the mouth of Rincon Creek to the large white/stone house. Tube rides occur mainly at Rivermouth at low tide. Indicator is at the top of the point, visually obstructed from the freeway. While Rincon is most famous for its long right-breaking waves, Indicator also produces some extremely fast left-breaking waves during the summer, when southerly swells are most prevalent. During a larger westerly swell, all three sections often connect into one contiguous ridable wave.

Because of the quality of the wave, people travel from all over the world to surf there, sometimes resulting in extremely crowded surfing conditions. There have been occasional deaths at Rincon, mostly resulting from surfers getting caught at the bottom of the cove at higher tides during larger swells and getting thrown into the granite boulders which support the nearby freeway.

Environmentally, Rincon Creek has a tendency to flow higher levels of bacteria into the surf zone during heavy rains, resulting in occasional beach closures.

## History

In 1769, the Spanish Portola expedition came west along the beach from the previous night's encampment at Pitas Point. The explorers found a large native village at a watering place near the mouth what is now called "Rincon Creek", and camped nearby on August 16. Fray Juan Crespi, a Franciscan missionary travelling with the expedition, noted that "As soon as we arrived all the people came to visit us, and brought us a great supply of roasted fish to eat" The 1775 (second) expedition led by Juan Bautista de Anza camped at the same place, referring to the native village as "La Rinconada".

In 1835, the area was included in a 4,460-acre (18.0 km2) land grant called Rancho El Rincon. The grant extended along the coast on both sides of the Santa Barbara/Ventura county line, and encompassed present-day Rincon Point, Rincon State Beach and La Conchita.

34°22′41″N 119°28′55″W / 34.37806°N 119.48194°W / 34.37806; -119.48194


title: Rincon Bayou

abstract: Rincon Bayou is in the Nueces River delta, and located northwest of Corpus Christi. The Rincon Bayou is subject to freshwater inundation following seasonal rainfall events farther inland along the Nueces River. The freshwater inundation provides the bayou with nutrients and enough fresh water to remove the saline water from the estuarine system. In 1984, though, the United States Bureau of Reclamation built a dam along the Frio River to create Choke Canyon Reservoir, which has consequently caused a decrease in freshwater flow into the Rincon Bayou. This decrease has affected the wetland plant and macroinvertebrate communities. The hypersaline condition makes it difficult for plants to produce seeds and for the seeds to germinate. As part of an effort for the Rincon Bayou–Nueces Marsh Wetlands Restoration and Enhancement Project, the Bureau of Reclamation has created a channel between the Nueces River and the Rincon Bayou. It is located just east of US 77 and extends 900 ft to the bayou. The purpose of the channel is to increase the freshwater inflow into the bayou. A second channel was cut within the bayou in an effort to increase the freshwater flow to an area dominated by sand and mud flats. The increase in freshwater flow should help re-establish the vegetative community.

text:
# Rincon Bayou

**Rincon Bayou** is in the Nueces River delta, and located northwest of Corpus Christi. The Rincon Bayou is subject to freshwater inundation following seasonal rainfall events farther inland along the Nueces River. The freshwater inundation provides the bayou with nutrients and enough fresh water to remove the saline water from the estuarine system. In 1984, though, the United States Bureau of Reclamation built a dam along the Frio River to create Choke Canyon Reservoir, which has consequently caused a decrease in freshwater flow into the Rincon Bayou. This decrease has affected the wetland plant and macroinvertebrate communities. The hypersaline condition makes it difficult for plants to produce seeds and for the seeds to germinate. As part of an effort for the Rincon Bayou–Nueces Marsh Wetlands Restoration and Enhancement Project, the Bureau of Reclamation has created a channel between the Nueces River and the Rincon Bayou. It is located just east of US 77 and extends 900 ft to the bayou. The purpose of the channel is to increase the freshwater inflow into the bayou. A second channel was cut within the bayou in an effort to increase the freshwater flow to an area dominated by sand and mud flats. The increase in freshwater flow should help re-establish the vegetative community.

## InfoBox

| Rincon Bayou | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Texas |
| County | Nueces County |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Nueces Bay |
| coordinates | 27°52′16″N 97°30′58″W / 27.871°N 97.516°W / 27.871; -97.516 |


title: Riska Aprilia

abstract: Riska Aprilia is an Indonesian footballer who plays a goalkeeper for the Indonesia women's national team.

text:
# Riska Aprilia

**Riska Aprilia** (born 19 April 1999) is an Indonesian footballer who plays a goalkeeper for the Indonesia women's national team.

## Club career

Aprilia has played for PSS Putri in Indonesia.

## International career

Aprilia represented Indonesia at the 2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup.

## InfoBox

Riska Aprilia
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1999-04-19) 19 April 1999 | | |
| Place of birth | Magelang, Indonesia | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2019–2022 | PSS Putri |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 2022– | Indonesia | 2 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 27 January 2022. | | | |


title: Riska FK

abstract: Riska Fotballklubb is a Norwegian association football club from Sandnes. The men's football team currently plays in the Third Division, the fourth tier of Norwegian football. The team was newly promoted for 2015, and in recent times they had sporadic Third Division seasons in 1995, 1996, 2004 and 2010. The team colours are yellow and black.

text:
# Riska FK

**Riska Fotballklubb** is a Norwegian association football club from Sandnes.

The men's football team currently plays in the Third Division, the fourth tier of Norwegian football. The team was newly promoted for 2015, and in recent times they had sporadic Third Division seasons in 1995, 1996, 2004 and 2010. The team colours are yellow and black.

## InfoBox

Riska FK
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Riska Fotballklubb |
| Founded | 10 June 1945 |
| Ground | Riska stadion<br>Riska |
| League | Third Division |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Bert Whittington

abstract: Albert John Whittington was an Australian rules footballer who played with the Geelong Football Club in the VFL. He scored after the siren to tie the game for Geelong against Melbourne, the score at 54 all in 1911.

text:
# Bert Whittington

**Albert John Whittington** (1 January 1885 – 4 July 1969) was an Australian rules footballer who played with the Geelong Football Club in the VFL. He scored after the siren to tie the game for Geelong against Melbourne, the score at 54 all in 1911.

## InfoBox

| Bert Whittington | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Whittington in 1910 | | | |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Albert John Whittington | | |
| Date of birth | (1885-01-01)1 January 1885 | | |
| Place of birth | Geelong, Victoria | | |
| Date of death | 4 July 1969(1969-07-04) (aged 84) | | |
| Place of death | Geelong, Victoria | | |
| Original team(s) | Corio | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1908–1911 | Geelong | 27 (3) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1911. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Bert Wiegman

abstract: Albert Edward Bernard Wiegman is a British private equity manager, founder and partner of Langholm Capital.

text:
# Bert Wiegman

**Albert Edward Bernard Wiegman** (born March 1952) is a British private equity manager, founder and partner of Langholm Capital.

## Early life

Wiegman was educated at Carshalton College of Further Education, and the Manchester University.

## Langholm Capital

Under Wiegman, Langholm Capital's successful investments have included Just Retirement, Bart Spices, Dorset Cereals, Lumene, and Tyrrells.

Wiegman is the Renter Warden of the Worshipful Company of Wheelwrights.

## Personal life

Wiegman is married to Gail, and lives in London.

## InfoBox

| Bert Wiegman | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Albert Edward Bernard Wiegman<br>March 1952 (age 72) |
| Nationality | British |
| Education | Rugby School |
| Alma mater | University of Bristol |
| Occupation | Private equity manager |
| Known for | Founder and partner, Langholm Capital |
| Spouse | Gail Wiegman |


title: Bertie Beetle

abstract: Bertie Beetle is a small chocolate bar manufactured by Nestlé. It consists of a chocolate coated bar containing small pieces of honeycomb that is shaped like an anthropomorphised beetle. It was originally created as a way to use up honeycomb left over from the production of Violet Crumble bars. Originally manufactured in Australia, today they are manufactured in a factory in New Zealand. For many years, Bertie Beetles were generally only available to the public in showbags sold at Australian agricultural shows.

text:
# Bertie Beetle

**Bertie Beetle** is a small chocolate bar manufactured by Nestlé. It consists of a chocolate coated bar containing small pieces of honeycomb that is shaped like an anthropomorphised beetle. It was originally created as a way to use up honeycomb left over from the production of Violet Crumble bars. Originally manufactured in Australia, today they are manufactured in a factory in New Zealand.

For many years, Bertie Beetles were generally only available to the public in showbags sold at Australian agricultural shows.

## History

The Bertie Beetle was first produced in 1963 by Hoadley's Chocolates, who were later taken over by the Rowntree Company and became Rowntree Hoadley Ltd (the company was later acquired by Nestlé in 1988). Intended to rival MacRobertson's (later Cadbury's) Freddo Frog, it was launched with advertisements featuring VFL footballer Ron Barassi, and was sold in shops until the 1970s. At some point after, a deal was made to only sell the chocolate at shows and exhibitions in showbags.

In 2007, Bertie Beetle multi-packs were briefly available in supermarkets under Nestlé's Willy Wonka sub-brand. Bertie Beetles returned to select confectionery stores in 2018. In 2019 Peters launched a Bertie Beetle ice cream.

### Showbags

Bertie Beetles are best known for their inclusion in the cheap classic Bertie Beetle showbag, sold at various shows around Australia. Although initially included in Hoadley's Chocolate Showbag starting in 1963 (alongside Polly Waffle, Violet Crumble and White Knight bars), Bertie Beetle did not receive its own bag until 1965. The showbag, which as of 2022 comes with a few Bertie Beetles and other confections such as Red Ripperz, was sold for A$2 for many decades, increasing to $3 in 2006, returning to $2 in 2007, and increasing to $3 again in 2022.

The Bertie Beetle showbag is one of the most popular showbags ever made. At the 2017 Brisbane Ekka, more than 250,000 showbags were sold. When the showbag was briefly withdrawn from sale at shows, Nestlé bowed to the ensuing consumer pressure and recommenced sale of the bag. In 2023, production issues saw supply of the showbag rationed at shows in Brisbane, Adelaide and Melbourne, which also led it to being withdrawn from sale at the 2023 Perth Royal Show.

Other variants of the Bertie Beetle showbag are offered with more items and at a higher price. In 2003, the Bertie Beetle Bonanza showbag was created to celebrate the 40th anniversary of Bertie Beetle, which came with many Bertie Beetles as well as a choice of a branded cooler bag or a basketball. In 2006, there were four variants: a small red bag, a medium-sized blue bag, a large gold bag, and the '1-2-3' bag, containing those three bags and some extras. In 2009, there were a number of bags, including Bertie Beetle Blue, Gold, and Platinum bags along with the Bertie Beetle Bonanza bag and a Bertie Beetle Triple Deal bag, which like the 1-2-3 bag contained the three coloured Bertie Beetle bags. In 2013, a 50th anniversary special edition of the Bertie Beetle showbag was made available, consisting of 50 Bertie Beetle chocolates and a mask. In 2019, the Bertie Beetle Retro Showbag was introduced to the range; it included a retro paper bag, Bertie Beetle chocolate bars and a choice of a bucket hat, socks, a collector's tin or 2 enamel camping mugs with retro graphics. In 2021 the most expensive Bertie Beetle showbag variant sold for $18. The Bertie Beetle showbag brand is currently managed by showbag company Chicane Marketing, which acts as an agent for Nestlé and produces other branded showbags for the multinational company.

In 2016, a range of Bertie Beetle showbags and other products were made available to purchase online. The Bertie Beetle Biggest Showbag included 80 Bertie Beetle chocolates. The Bertie Beetle Bounty Box included 150 Bertie Beetle chocolates and comes in a gift box. The Bertie Beetle Bulk Bundle is a carton of 250 Bertie Beetles, and the Bertie Beetle Huge Haul included 350 Bertie Beetle chocolates.

No longer available is Lady Beetle, Bertie's white chocolate equivalent, which had its own, slightly more expensive showbag.

## Ingredients

The standard weight of the bar is 10 grams. Ingredients are Sugar, Vegetable Fat, \[Emulsifiers (Soy Lecithin, 492)\], Milk Solids, Toffee Pieces (8%) – Sugar, Glucose Syrup derived from wheat, Vegetable Fat, Sodium Bicarbonate – Cocoa, Emulsifier (Soy Lecithin), Salt, Flavourings.

## InfoBox

Bertie Beetle
| A Bertie Beetle showbag | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Chocolate bar |
| Place of origin | Australia |
| Created by | Hoadley's Chocolates |
| Invented | 1963 |
| Main ingredients | Chocolate, honeycomb |
| Variations | Lady Beetle |


title: Bertie Bowler

abstract: Albert Bowler was an English professional footballer who played as an inside forward.

text:
# Bertie Bowler

**Albert Bowler** (born 1891) was an English professional footballer who played as an inside forward.

## Career

Bowler was born in Nottingham. He began his career while serving as a private in the British Army, playing for Army Cup winners Sherwood Foresters. He obtained his discharge from the Army in 1911, allowing him to join Southern League club Plymouth Argyle. He made his first team debut in a 1–0 win at New Brompton on 23 December 1911 and scored his first goal against Millwall in a 2–0 win on 6 January 1912. The following season, Bowler scored 18 league goals in 36 appearances as the club became Southern League champions. He played in five matches for the Southern League representative side and was selected for England in an unofficial international against Scotland in Cairo during the First World War. He returned to Plymouth after the war, and was a member of the squad when the club was elected to the Football League in 1920. Bowler continued playing for another three years before retiring from the game in 1923.

## Personal life

Bowler enlisted in the British Army in January 1908, but was discharged by purchase three years later. During the First World War, he returned to the army, serving in the Sherwood Foresters as a private.

## Honours

Plymouth Argyle

## InfoBox

Bertie Bowler
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Albert Bowler | | |
| Date of birth | 1891 | | |
| Place of birth | Southwell, England | | |
| Position(s) | Inside left, centre forward | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Sherwood Foresters |  |  |
| 1911–1923 | Plymouth Argyle | 171 | (61) |
| International career | | | |
|  | Southern League XI | 5 |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Riverside Polytechnic High School

abstract: Riverside Polytechnic High School is a four-year public high school in Riverside, California, United States, and part of the Riverside Unified School District. The current facility, located on Victoria Avenue, was opened in September 1965; the traditions of the school go back to 1887, then known as the Riverside High School, making Riverside Polytechnic the oldest high school in the city.

text:
# Riverside Polytechnic High School

**Riverside Polytechnic High School** is a four-year public high school in Riverside, California, United States, and part of the Riverside Unified School District. The current facility, located on Victoria Avenue, was opened in September 1965; the traditions of the school go back to 1887, then known as the **Riverside High School**, making Riverside Polytechnic the oldest high school in the city.

## History

Riverside Polytechnic High School traces its heritage from 1887, when the newly formed city of Riverside needed higher education for the community. The first joint elementary and high school's first graduating class in 1890 comprised seven students—four girls and three boys. Eugenie Fuller was its principal. When classes grew too large in 1902, a new co-educational high school building was constructed on Ninth Street between Lemon and Lime Streets, and the original 14th Street building became the Grant School, serving grades 3–8.

In 1910, Riverside High School's enrollment was approximately 500 students, and new facilities were required. In 1911, the genders were separated, creating a Girls High School at the Ninth Street building, and the Polytechnic High School for boys at a newly constructed campus on Terracina Avenue. Fuller continued as principal of the Girls High School, and Mr. J.E. McKown was appointed principal of the Riverside Polytechnic High School.

In 1916, the Polytechnic High School began offering postgraduate classes. The Riverside Junior College District was formed in 1920, and the Riverside Junior College moved out of the high school to an adjacent property.

World War I brought changes to both high school campuses. The earlier enrollment explosion waned as young men joined the armed forces. In 1924, the school board created a junior high school level and consolidated the senior high schools into one co-educational school. A new Applied Arts Building provided Home Economics and "other facilities for the girls." The old Girls High School now served as a Girls Junior High School, while the Boys Junior High School was located at the old Grant School. 1924–25 saw the Junior College and the Senior High School with growing enrollments, and so provided separate administrations for each. There were 202 seniors in 1924.

During World War II, many Poly girls worked with a federal government–sponsored group called the High School Victory Corps. The girls helped make bandages and other needed items, or worked in essential industries after school. All who took part in these activities were volunteers. In 1944, the Victory Corps was discontinued at Poly.

In the 1940s, there was a tradition that each incoming class at the school would be given an unflattering nickname that would remain with the class until their graduation. For example, the class of 1951 was dubbed the "Geeks" and the class of 1953 was the "Orts".

In 1956, double sessions at Poly were needed until a second high school, Ramona High, could be built. As high school enrollment continued to grow, it was evident that a third high school would be needed in Riverside. In 1960, a new high school, Rubidoux, shared the Poly campus until its campus could be completed in 1961. In 1965, Poly separated from the junior college campus and a site on the corner of Central and Victoria Avenues was built, along with a high school on Third Street and Chicago Avenue, named North High. Both high schools opened their doors in September 1965, with the Victoria site keeping the traditional name of Riverside Polytechnic High School. Since that time, Poly High School classes have taken place on the present site.

Riverside Polytechnic High School is home to one of the original, still active Army Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) units, established in 1917 and was originally called the Poly High Cadet Corps. It is the oldest JROTC program west of the Mississippi River, and second oldest in the United States. In 1970 it was among the first JROTC units to offer a girls program.

There were 51 young men making up the Class of 1916, known as the "Stags of 1916". There were 18 faculty members. This class was the first to complete the four-year course offered in the new building.

## Notable alumni

| Alumnus | Class | Field | Notability |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Members of The Misunderstood (George Phelps, Rick Moe, Greg Treadway, Rick Brown, Steve Whiting, Glenn Ross Campbell) | 1964 (est) | Music | One of the earliest bands on the psychedelic rock scene of the 1960s. Moved to London very early in career, forced to disband due to Brown's draft notice. |
| Neil Levang | 1945 (est) | Music | Guitarist most well known for song "Ghost Riders in the Sky" performed on The Lawrence Welk Show, along with 42 other titles featured in Hollywood films. |
| Hakim Akbar | 1998 | Sports | Football linebacker drafted by the New England Patriots |
| Austin Barnes | 2008 | Sports | Major League Baseball (MLB) player, Los Angeles Dodgers, 2020 World Series Champion |
| Bobby Bonds | 1964 | Sports | Major League Baseball (MLB) player, 3-time All-Star |
| Larry Christiansen | 1974 | Sports | Chess Grandmaster, US chess champion 1980, 1983, 2002 First junior high school student to win the National High School Championship. |
| Tyler Clary | 2007 | Sports | Swimmer who won silver medal at 2009 World Aquatics Championships, three silvers at 2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships and gold medal in 2012 London Olympics. |
| Marcella Craft | 1893 | Music | International operatic soprano |
| Coby Dietrick | 1967 | Sports | Professional basketball |
| John Gabbert | 1927 | Law | Associate Justice of the California Court of Appeals |
| Walter A. Gordon | 1914 (est) | Government | First All-American at UC Berkeley, first African American graduate of Boalt Hall, Governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands, Federal District Judge |
| John Ham | 1996 | Entrepreneur | West Point Class of 2000, Ustream Founder, CEO & Chairman |
| Joshua Holz | 2019 (est) | Social media | Co-creator of the "Damn Daniel" internet meme with Daniel Lara. |
| Sharon Jordan | 1978 | Film and TV | Actress, recurring role on Disney's *The Suite Life of Zack & Cody* |
| Daniel Lara | 2019 (est) | Social media | Co-creator of the "Damn Daniel" internet meme with Joshua Holz. |
| Lorenz Larkin | 2004 | Sports | Wrestler and MMA fighter |
| Ben H. Lewis | 1921 (est) | Government | Mayor of Riverside from 1965 to 1978 |
| Jake Marisnick | 2009 | Sports | Major League Baseball (MLB) player, Houston Astros, 2017 World Series Champion |
| Cloyd Marvin | 1908 (est) | Education | president of George Washington University |
| Rex Mays | 1931 (est) | Sports | Auto racer, 1940 and 1941 national champion, four-time pole winner at Indianapolis 500, member Motorsports Hall of Fame of America, National Sprint Car Hall of Fame, Riverside Sports Hall of Fame |
| Cheryl Miller | 1982 | Sports | USC basketball player, College Basketball Hall of Fame inductee, WNBA coach, and commentator |
| Reggie Miller | 1983 | Sports | UCLA and NBA player, Olympic gold medalist, Basketball Hall of Famer, commentator |
| Donnie Murphy | 2001 | Sports | MLB player |
| Greg Myers | 1984 | Sports | MLB player |
| Paul Oglesby |  | Sports | Football player |
| Bill Parsons | 1966 | Sports | Former Major League Baseball pitcher for Milwaukee Brewers and Oakland Athletics |
| Miné Okubo | 1930 (est) | Arts | Artist and writer |
| Lauren Potter | 2010 | TV and government | Actress, played Becky Johnson, a cheerleader with Down syndrome, on TV series *Glee*. In 2011, she was appointed by President Obama to the President's Committee for People with Intellectual Disabilities. |
| Jo-Jo Reyes | 2003 | Sports | MLB pitcher |
| Bob Rule | 1962 (est) | Sports | NBA All-Star center |
| Herman O. Ruhnau | 1928 | Architecture | Postmodern architect |
| William F. Sharpe | 1951 | Economics | Winner of 1990 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, helped develop Capital asset pricing model, part of Modern portfolio theory. Also known for Sharpe ratio. |
| Mel Streeter | 1950 | Sports | College basketball player and Seattle architect. |
| Morgan Stuart | 2007 | Sports | Softball player for Washington Huskies, 2009 Women's College World Series champions |
| Jacob Webb | 2012 | Sports | Professional baseball pitcher for the Atlanta Braves, Los Angeles Angels, and Baltimore Orioles |
| Ray Lyman Wilbur | 1892 | Government | Medical doctor, Stanford University president, 31st United States Secretary of the Interior |
| Bert Williams | 1892 | Vaudeville | "Foremost Colored Comedian" |
| Cynthia Woodhead | 1982 | Sports | 1978 world champion swimmer; 1984 Olympic silver medalist in 200m freestyle |
| Alan Yang | 1999 | Film and TV | Screenwriter, producer, director known for *Parks and Recreation*, *Master of None* |

## Notable instructors

* Edmund Jaeger – noted naturalist, his first zoology class in 1921 had 3 students

33°57′06″N 117°22′09″W / 33.95167°N 117.36917°W / 33.95167; -117.36917

## InfoBox

| Riverside Polytechnic High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| 5450 Victoria Avenue
Riverside, California
United States | |
| Information | |
| Type | Public |
| Established | 1887 |
| Status | Open |
| School district | Riverside Unified School District |
| Superintendent | David Hansen |
| Principal | Darel Hansen |
| Staff | 103.03 (FTE) |
| Grades | 9–12 |
| Enrollment | 2,660 (2022–23) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 25.82 |
| Campus size | 40 acres (16 ha) |
| Color(s) | Orange   Green |
| Athletics conference | CIF Southern Section
Inland Valley League |
| Mascot | Bear |
| Nickname | Bears |
| Rival | Arlington High School, Ramona High School |
| Accreditation | Western Association of Schools and Colleges, 2009 |
| CAHSEE average | 61.4 English-Language Arts
59.1 Mathematics |
| Newspaper | *The Poly Spotlight* |
| Feeder schools | Matthew Gage Middle School, Central Middle School |
| Website | poly.riversideunified.org |


title: Riverside Public Library

abstract: The Riverside Public Library system serves the city of Riverside, California. The main library is located in the downtown area at 3900 Mission Inn Avenue. Seven other branches are located throughout the city.

text:
# Riverside Public Library

The **Riverside Public Library** system serves the city of Riverside, California. The main library is located in the downtown area at 3900 Mission Inn Avenue. Seven other branches are located throughout the city.

## History

On July 9, 1888, the Riverside City Board of Trustees assumed responsibility for the book collection of The Riverside Library Association, was formed in 1879; the City took responsibility for the collection in 1888, and appointed a committee to oversee the establishment of a public library. The Riverside Public Library opened on June 1, 1889, in two upstairs rooms in the Handy Building, located on the north side of Eighth Street, between Main and Orange streets. In January 1890, the collection was moved to the second floor of the Loring Building.

On August 16, 1901, Andrew Carnegie granted Riverside $20,000 for a library building with a capacity of 20,000 volumes. Construction began in 1902, and the result was a Mission Revival building—the work of the architectural firm of Burnham and Blieser—on the northeast corner of Seventh and Orange streets. It opened to the public on 31 July 1903, it had a 20,000-volume capacity. In mid-1909, the library was expanded with another Carnegie grant—a $15,000 project that created a children's room for the first time. Further expansions saw a Reference Wing, designed by Riverside architect G. Stanley Wilson, and the purchase use of two adjacent house.

In 1961, the city voters approved a $1.7 million bond issue to construct a new downtown library building. The new library was opened to the public in 1964. It had 61,420-square-foot (5,706 m2), with a 300,000 volume capacity and seating for 550 patrons; design was by the Riverside architectural firm of Moise, Harbach and Hewlett.

In October, 2009, the library's board of trustees reinitiated plans to replace the existing main library. Previous plans were scrapped after the public expressed displeasure with the approach that had been taken.

In October, 2016, the Riverside City Council approved construction of a new Main Library building at 3900 Mission Inn Avenue. The new building, designed by Johnson Favara, was completed in 2021. The old downtown library building was retrofitted for The Cheech Marin Center for Chicano Art, Culture & Industry.

### Library Service School

Joseph F. Daniels, a lecturer and guest professor founded a library school in 1911, taught by himself and some library experts from other parts of the country. It began with basic classes and training projects for the library's own staff and soon after for non-staff member. The School closed in 1943.

### Inlandia Institute

The Riverside Public Library created the Inlandia Institute in collaboration with Heyday Books in 2009. Its mission "is to recognize, support and expand literary activity in the Inland Empire, thereby deepening people’s awareness, understanding, and appreciation of this unique, complex and creatively vibrant area."

Marion Mitchell-Wilson, who was the Riverside Public Library's Development Officer, served as the Inlandia Institute's Executive Director from its inception until 2012 when she stepped down for health reasons.

## Branches

* Main Library, 3900 Mission Inn Ave
* Arlanza, 8267 Philbin Ave
* Arlington, 9556 Magnolia Ave
* Casa Blanca, 2985 Madison Ave
* Eastside, 4033-C Chicago Ave
* La Sierra, 4600 La Sierra Ave
* Marcy, 6927 Magnolia Ave
* Orange Terrace, 20010-A Orange Terrace Pky

## Vision Statement of Library

"To be the foremost promoter of self-directed life-long learning. We spark curiosity and provide tools for discovery."

## Library Directors

Mary Montague Smith 1888-1900
Grace Mansfield 1900-1905
Margaret Kyle 1905-1909
Helen Evans (Acting) 1909-1910
Joseph F. Daniels 1910-1921
Lillian Dickson (Acting) 1921-1922
Charles F. Woods 1922-1947
Albert Charles Lake 1947-1975
Catherine Lucas 1975-1979
Linda M. Wood 1980-1991
Judith Auth 1991-2005
Barbara Custen 2005-2008
Leonard Hernandez, 2008-2010
Tonya Kennon, 2011-2018
Erin Christmas, 2018-Current

## Board of Library Trustees

The City Council appoints nine residents to serve up to two four-year terms as trustees of the Library.

## Sources

* Baker, Ronald J.; *Serving Through Partnership: A Centennial History of the Riverside City and County Public Library, 1888-1988*

9. Take a first look at Riverside's "striking" new $40 Million downtown library

10. Design OK'd for downtown Riverside's new $40-million library

11. Old bus station to become a modern $39 million library in Riverside

33°58′57″N 117°22′18″W / 33.9825°N 117.3716°W / 33.9825; -117.3716

## InfoBox

| Riverside Public Library | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Main Library: 3900 Mission Inn Ave,
Riverside, California, United States |
| Type | Public |
| Established | 1888 |
| Branches | 8 |
| Access and use | |
| Population served | 317,261 |
| Other information | |
| Director | Leonard Hernandez |
| Website | Riverside Public Library |


title: Besa-Besën

abstract: Besa-Besën was an organization of Albanian emigrants in Boston, Massachusetts. The society was founded on January 6, 1907, in Boston. The elected president was Fan Noli, vice-president Goni Katundi, treasurer Angelo Stefenson, and secretary Nini Fani Katundi. It had an elderly council as advisory body. The society gave a contribute in establishment of the Albanian Orthodox Church in March 1908, where Fan Noli was ordained priest by Platon, the Russian Mitropolite of New York. The same month Noli gave the first sermon in Albanian in Knights of Honor Hall of Boston. The church of Saint George was the first Albanian American church, and the first Albanian Orthodox church in overall. Meanwhile, Kristo Kirka became President of the society. The society contributed also in the spread of Albanian education in Ottoman Albania, i.e. the Normal School of Elbasan, the first institution for higher education in Albanian. On February 15, 1909, the society started the publication of Dielli, which is still published today, being one of the oldest Albanian-language newspapers. Its manager was Fan Noli, until October 22 when Faik Konitza came and took over. On April 28, 1912, Besa-Besën together with other Albanian-American organizations merged into Vatra, the Pan-Albanian Federation of America. Dielli was carried over as a Vatra publication, and Kristo Kirka was elected as manager.

text:
# Besa-Besën

**Besa-Besën** (Pledge for a Pledge) was an organization of Albanian emigrants in Boston, Massachusetts.

The society was founded on January 6, 1907, in Boston. The elected president was Fan Noli, vice-president Goni Katundi, treasurer Angelo Stefenson, and secretary Nini Fani Katundi. It had an elderly council as advisory body.

The society gave a contribute in establishment of the Albanian Orthodox Church in March 1908, where Fan Noli was ordained priest by Platon, the Russian Mitropolite of New York. The same month Noli gave the first sermon in Albanian in Knights of Honor Hall of Boston. The church of Saint George was the first Albanian American church, and the first Albanian Orthodox church in overall. Meanwhile, Kristo Kirka became President of the society. The society contributed also in the spread of Albanian education in Ottoman Albania, i.e. the Normal School of Elbasan, the first institution for higher education in Albanian.

On February 15, 1909, the society started the publication of *Dielli*, which is still published today, being one of the oldest Albanian-language newspapers. Its manager was Fan Noli, until October 22 when Faik Konitza came and took over.

On April 28, 1912, Besa-Besën together with other Albanian-American organizations (*Flamuri i Krujes*, *Keshilli Kombetar*, *Dallandyshja*, and other smaller organizations) merged into Vatra, the Pan-Albanian Federation of America. *Dielli* was carried over as a Vatra publication, and Kristo Kirka was elected as manager.

## InfoBox

"Pledge for a Pledge" Society
| Besa-Besën | |
| --- | --- |
| Merged into | Vatra, the Pan-Albanian Federation of America |
| Formation | 6 January 1907 (1907-01-06) |
| Type | Patriotic, cultural, political |
| Headquarters | Boston, Massachusetts |
| Region | USA |
| Official language | Albanian, English |
| President | Fan Noli (until March 1908)
Kristo Kirka (from March 1908) |
| Vice President | Goni Katundi |
| Treasurer | Angelo Stefenson (Katundi) |
| Key people | Sotir Peçi
Fan Noli
Petro Nini Luarasi |


title: Bes coat of arms

abstract: Bes (Bies, Bees, Beess) is a Polish coat of arms.

text:
# Bes coat of arms

**Bes** *(Bies, Bees, Beess)* is a Polish coat of arms.

## History

## Bibliography

* Tadeusz Gajl: Herbarz polski od średniowiecza do XX wieku : ponad 4500 herbów szlacheckich 37 tysięcy nazwisk 55 tysięcy rodów. L&L, 2007. ISBN 978-83-60597-10-1.
* Samuel Orgelbrand: Encyklopedia Powszechna. Warszawa: 1898.
* Juliusz Karol Ostrowski: Księga herbowa rodów polskich. Warszawa: Główny skład Księgarnia Antykwarska B. Bolcewicza, 1897. T.1, str 33, T.2, str. 20

## InfoBox

| Bes | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Details | |
| Alternative names | *Bies, Bees, Beess* |
| Families | Bes, Beess, Besowski, Katowski |


title: Besford Dorezi

abstract: Besford Dorezi is an Albanian judoka and judo coach. He has won many national championship titles. He is also a member of the Albanian national Judo team and has participated in important international competitions. In February 2021, he was awarded with the high title "Grand Master" by President of Albania, Ilir Meta.

text:
# Besford Dorezi

**Besford Dorezi** (born 13 August 1984) is an Albanian judoka and judo coach. He has won many national championship titles. He is also a member of the Albanian national Judo team and has participated in important international competitions. In February 2021, he was awarded with the high title "Grand Master" by President of Albania, Ilir Meta.

## InfoBox

Besford Dorezi
| Besford Dorezi with the President of Albania Ilir Meta during the decoration | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Nationality | Albanian |
| Born | (1984-08-13) 13 August 1984<br>Tirana, Albania |
| Occupation | Judoka |
| Years active | 1995–present |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Judo |


title: Besford railway station

abstract: Besford railway station served the village of Besford, Worcestershire, England, from 1841 to 1846 on the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway.

text:
# Besford railway station

**Besford railway station** served the village of Besford, Worcestershire, England, from 1841 to 1846 on the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway.

## History

The station was opened in November 1841 by the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway. It was listed late in the timetable, appearing on 19 May 1842. It closed in August 1846.

| Preceding station |  | Disused railways |  | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Defford |  | Birmingham and
Gloucester Railway |  | Pirton |

52°06′14″N 2°08′24″W / 52.104°N 2.140°W / 52.104; -2.140

## InfoBox

| Besford | |
| --- | --- |
| General information | |
| Location | Besford, Worcestershire
England |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Other information | |
| Status | Disused |
| History | |
| Original company | Birmingham and Gloucester Railway |
| Key dates | |
| November 1841 (1841-11) | Opened |
| August 1846 (1846-08) | Closed |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Besh-Badam

abstract: Besh-Badam is a village in Jalal-Abad Region of Kyrgyzstan. Its population was 1,720 in 2021. Formerly a village within the rural community of Bazar-Korgon, it was merged into the new city of Bazar-Korgon in January 2021. The town of Karacha is 5 miles (8 km) to the southwest, and Kyzyl-Oktyabr is 5 miles (8 km) to the west.

text:
# Besh-Badam

**Besh-Badam** is a village in Jalal-Abad Region of Kyrgyzstan. Its population was 1,720 in 2021. Formerly a village within the rural community (*ayyl aymagy*) of Bazar-Korgon, it was merged into the new city of Bazar-Korgon in January 2021.

The town of Karacha is 5 miles (8 km) to the southwest, and Kyzyl-Oktyabr is 5 miles (8 km) to the west.

## InfoBox

| Besh-Badam Беш-Бадам | |
| --- | --- |
| Besh-Badam | |
| Coordinates: 41°08′30″N 72°53′10″E / 41.14167°N 72.88611°E / 41.14167; 72.88611 | |
| Country | Kyrgyzstan |
| Region | Jalal-Abad |
| District | Bazar-Korgon |
| Elevation | 1,082 m (3,550 ft) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 1,720 |
| Time zone | UTC+6 |


title: Berthold Epstein

abstract: Berthold Epstein was a pediatrician, professor, and scientist who was conscripted as a doctor in the Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II.

text:
# Berthold Epstein

**Berthold Epstein** (1 April 1890 – 9 June 1962) was a pediatrician, professor, and scientist who was conscripted as a doctor in the Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II.

## Life and career

Berthold Epstein was born into a Jewish family in Pilsen in 1890. As an adult, he became professor and director at a children's clinic affiliated with the German Hospital in Prague, and married Ottilie née Eckstein.

In reaction to the escalation of World War II, Epstein travelled to Norway on 15 March 1940. Accepted on the recommendation of the Norwegian pediatric association, he was also encouraged to apply for the position as the head of the pediatric clinic at Rikshospitalet. Epstein was among the small number of refugees licensed to practice medicine in Norway before the German invasion on 9 April.

The Nazi persecution of Jews put an end to his Norwegian pediatrics career, and he instead conducted research on tuberculosis until his arrest on 27 October 1942. His arrest was followed by his deportation on the SS *Donau* on 26 November the same year.

## Auschwitz

Having been deported from Norway to Third Reich-annexed Poland, Epstein was then transported to the Jewish Camp in Auschwitz. There, he assisted the notoriously unethical Josef Mengele with experiments concerning a possible treatment of noma, a deadly and disfiguring form of malnutrition-induced gangrene. About 3,000 people died due to this research, which included deliberately infecting healthy individuals.

During Epstein's captivity as a physician at Auschwitz, members of his own family were among the camp's victims. Several efforts were made—among others by Prince Carl of Sweden—to liberate Epstein from the camp, but none succeeded; and Epstein remained at the facility until the war's end.

## Post war

Having survived the war, Epstein later testified in the Soviet war crimes trials on genocide. He lived in Prague for the remainder of his life, serving as chair of the city's Bulovka Hospital pediatric clinic from 1949 until his death in 1962, at the age of 72.

## Further reading

* Stephan Heinrich Nolte, Vera Trnka: *In the Gray Zones of History: The Prague Pediatrician Berthold Epstein (1890-1962)*. Hentrich & Hentrich, Leipzig 2023 ISBN 978-3-95565-555-6


title: Rob Dyson

abstract: Robert Richard "Rob" Dyson is a retired American sports car racing driver and owner of Dyson Racing. Dyson began competing in amateur SCCA competition in 1974 and began racing professionally in IMSA GTO and the Trans-Am Series in 1982. In 1985 he purchased a Porsche 962 from Bruce Leven and began racing in IMSA GTP. In 1995 his team was the first to run the new Riley & Scott Mk III, refusing to run the Ferrari 333 SP, as he felt it would make the World Sportscar Championship a "spec series" if all major teams were running the car. Rob and his team with its R&S Mk III won the 1997 24 Hours of Daytona with an "all star" squad of seven drivers including sports car legends James Weaver, Elliott Forbes-Robinson, and Butch Leitzinger. The Dyson team again won the race in 1999, this time without Rob Dyson as one of the drivers. The team later purchased Lola chassis and began racing in the American Le Mans Series, where it currently competes. Dyson retired from full-time racing in 2003 but continued to drive part-time until 2007. Rob's son Chris Dyson drove for the team from 2001 to 2013.

text:
# Rob Dyson

**Robert Richard** "**Rob**" **Dyson** (born June 21, 1946) is a retired American sports car racing driver and owner of Dyson Racing.

Dyson began competing in amateur SCCA competition in 1974 and began racing professionally in IMSA GTO and the Trans-Am Series in 1982. In 1985 he purchased a Porsche 962 from Bruce Leven and began racing in IMSA GTP. In 1995 his team was the first to run the new Riley & Scott Mk III, refusing to run the Ferrari 333 SP, as he felt it would make the World Sportscar Championship a "spec series" if all major teams were running the car. Rob and his team with its R&S Mk III won the 1997 24 Hours of Daytona with an "all star" squad of seven drivers including sports car legends James Weaver, Elliott Forbes-Robinson, and Butch Leitzinger. The Dyson team again won the race in 1999, this time without Rob Dyson as one of the drivers. The team later purchased Lola chassis and began racing in the American Le Mans Series, where it currently competes. Dyson retired from full-time racing in 2003 but continued to drive part-time until 2007. Rob's son Chris Dyson drove for the team from 2001 to 2013.

## Racing record

### SCCA National Championship Runoffs

| Year | Track | Car | Engine | Class | Finish | Start | Status |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1977 | Road Atlanta | Datsun 510 | Datsun | B Sedan | 4 | 5 | Running |
| 1978 | Road Atlanta | Datsun 200SX | Datsun | B Sedan | 5 | 9 | Running |
| 1980 | Road Atlanta | Datsun 200SX | Datsun | GT2 | 17 | 6 | Running |
| 1981 | Road Atlanta | Datsun 200SX | Datsun | GT2 | 1 | 8 | Running |
| 1982 | Road Atlanta | Datsun 200SX | Datsun | GT2 | 7 |  | Running |

### 24 Hours of Le Mans results

| Year | Team | Co-drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class
pos. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1986 | Liqui Moly Equipe | Mauro Baldi
Price Cobb | Porsche 956 GTi | C1 | 318 | 9th | 7th |
|

## InfoBox

| Rob Dyson | |
| --- | --- |
| Dyson at the 2007 Petit Le Mans | |
| Nationality | American |
| Born | Robert Richard Dyson
(1946-06-21) June 21, 1946 |
| Related to | Chris Dyson (son) |


title: Rob Duprey

abstract: Rob Duprey is an American rock guitarist, keyboardist and songwriter. Duprey first came to prominence as guitarist for the mid-1970s New York City underground pop band Mumps, led by Lance Loud and Kristian Hoffman. Later, he worked with Iggy Pop, playing guitar on Party (1981) and co-writing the bulk of Zombie Birdhouse. He is currently a member of the Washington DC-area band, The Loggers, along with Stock Wilson, Vince Sanfuentes (bass), and Piers Hackley (drums).

text:
# Rob Duprey

***Rob Duprey*** is an American rock guitarist, keyboardist and songwriter. Duprey first came to prominence as guitarist for the mid-1970s New York City underground pop band Mumps, led by Lance Loud and Kristian Hoffman. Later, he worked with Iggy Pop, playing guitar on *Party* (1981) and co-writing the bulk of *Zombie Birdhouse*.

He is currently a member of the Washington DC-area band, The Loggers, along with Stock Wilson (guitar, vocals), Vince Sanfuentes (bass), and Piers Hackley (drums).

## Selected discography (as guitarist)

* Mumps, "Crocodile Tears" single. 1977. (Bomp! Records BEJ-1 ; reissued 2005, Sympathy For The Record Industry SFTRI 759)
* Mumps, "Rock & Roll This, Rock & Roll That" single. 1978. (Perfect Records PR-1)
* Gary Valentine, "The First One" single. 1978. (Beat Records Beat 001)
* Iggy Pop, *Party* LP. 1981. (Arista AL 9572)
* Iggy Pop, *Zombie Birdhouse* LP. 1982. (Animal Records APE 6000)
* Cosmetic with Jamaaladeen Tacuma, *So Tranquilizin'* CD. 1985. (Gramavision 18-1210-1)
* Iggy Pop, *Live* CD. 1991. (Revenge Records ME 109 bis)
* Mumps, *Fatal Charm: 1975-1980 -- A Brief History of a Brief History* compilation CD. 1994. (Eggbert Records ER80011CD)
* Mumps, *How I Saved The World* compilation CD and DVD. 2005. (Sympathy for the Record Industry SFTRI 754)

## InfoBox

| Rob Duprey | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | United States |
| Genres | Punk rock, rock music |
| Occupation(s) | musician, songwriter |
| Instruments | guitar, keyboard |


title: Rob Dustin

abstract: Robert Dustin, also known as Dusty, is an American Emmy awarded television producer and director. He is known for his work in television programs such as Halloween! (1994), My Sergi (1998) and Fire on Ice: Champions of American Figure Skating (2001).

text:
# Rob Dustin

**Robert Dustin**, also known as Dusty, is an American Emmy awarded television producer and director. He is known for his work in television programs such as *Halloween*! (1994), *My Sergi* (1998) and *Fire on Ice: Champions of American Figure Skating* (2001).

## Early life and career

Rob Dustin graduated from the University of Iowa. He began his career working for CBS Sports, covering sports events and remained working there for 17 years until he founded Red Brick Entertainment in 1994. In 2007, when U.S. Figure Skating created an ice network the International Skating Union hired Dustin and Red Brick Entertainment for providing real TV production using multiple cameras. His team consisted of four crew members, to keep the cost down what Dustin calls “high-speed, low-drag approach”. In 2010, U.S. Figure Skating Championships, Dustin helped coordinate the coverage of the event. Dustin also is a longtime Coordinating producer in covering the ice skating championships in the Olympics.

## Filmography

| Film | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Film | Notes |
| 1994 | *Halloween!* | Producer and director |
| | *Ice Wars 1* | Associate producer |
| | *Artistry on Ice* | Producer |
| 1995 | *Too Hot to Skate* | Producer |
| | *Ice Wars 2* | Associate producer |
| | *Artistry on Ice II* | Producer |
| 1996 | *America's Choice: The Great Skate Debate* | Producer |
| | *Sergei Grinkov: Celebration of a Life* | Producer |
| 1997 | *Too Hot to Skate* | Producer |
| 1998 | *My Sergei* | Producer and Director |
| | *The Great Skate Debate II* | Director |
| 2001 | *Fire on Ice: Champions of American Figure Skating* | Documentary - Producer and Director |
| Television | | | |
| Year | Title | Notes |
| 2005 | *The ChaseTrackdown* | Director - Track Down |
| 2006 | *Skating with Celebrities* | Debut, Episode #1.2, Episode #1.2 - Co-executive producer (all episodes) |
|

## Awards and honors

Rob Dustin has been nominated and won numerous times for Sports Emmy Award.

| Year | Award | Category | Work | Result | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2013 | Sports Emmy Award | Outstanding Live Event Turnaround | Games of the XXX Olympiad (NBC) | Won |  |
| 2015 | Sports Emmy Award | Outstanding New Approaches – Sports Event Coverage | The XXII Olympic Winter Games | Won |  |
| 2017 | Sports Emmy Award | Outstanding Trans - Media Sports Coverage | Games of the XXXI Olympiad | Won |  |

## InfoBox

| Rob Dustin | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Robert Dustin
February 24, 1963
Des Moines, Iowa |
| Occupations | * producer * director |
| Years active | 1994–present |


title: RjB 9 and 10

abstract: RjB 9 and RjB 10 were two identical electric locomotives operated by Norsk Transport on Rjukanbanen in Norway. Built by Swiss Sécheron and German Jung in 1958, they served until the closing of the line in 1991. The locomotives were equipped with four 183 kW motors, giving 732 kW in total. They could operate at 55 km/h, and were built for both 10 kV and 15 kV electrical systems; the former was used on Rjukanbanen until the older RjB 1–8 were retired in 1966, and the power changed to the standard of Norges Statsbaner. A b/w photograph of unit # 9 heading a freight working en route appeared in "Locomotives made in Germany", 1966 ed., pg.15 bottom; issued by "Exportfoerderungsverband der deutschen Lokomotivindustrie", DE-Frankfurt/Main 1966, softcover, quadrilingual. Rating given at 830 kW by the caption; factor 1,13 reflects the ratio between a 1-hourly rating and a continuous rating for series-wound, directly-fed, single-phase ac electric motors. Unfortunately, no further detail was issued. Mechanical design reflects that of the shorter, yet heavier dual-power Bo'Bo' 600 V DC o/h-fed electric / diesel-electric locomotives supplied by Jung to the "E&H" docklands and smelting works railways of Duisburg-Hamborn at the same time.

text:
# RjB 9 and 10

**RjB 9** and **RjB 10** were two identical electric locomotives operated by Norsk Transport on Rjukanbanen in Norway. Built by Swiss Sécheron and German Jung in 1958, they served until the closing of the line in 1991.

The locomotives were equipped with four 183 kW motors, giving 732 kW in total. They could operate at 55 km/h, and were built for both 10 kV and 15 kV electrical systems; the former was used on Rjukanbanen until the older RjB 1–8 were retired in 1966, and the power changed to the standard of Norges Statsbaner.

A b/w photograph of unit # 9 heading a freight working en route appeared in "Locomotives made in Germany", 1966 ed., pg.15 bottom; issued by "Exportfoerderungsverband der deutschen Lokomotivindustrie", DE-Frankfurt/Main 1966, softcover, quadrilingual. Rating given at 830 kW by the caption; factor 1,13 reflects the ratio between a 1-hourly rating and a continuous rating (as likely given in the text here) for series-wound, directly-fed, single-phase ac electric motors. Unfortunately, no further detail was issued. Mechanical design reflects that of the shorter, yet heavier dual-power Bo'Bo' 600 V DC o/h-fed electric / diesel-electric locomotives supplied by Jung to the "E&H" docklands and smelting works railways of Duisburg-Hamborn at the same time.

## InfoBox

| RjB 9 and 10 | |
| --- | --- |
| Side view of Rj.B 9 at Rjukan station in July 2012 | |
| Type and origin  Power type Electric  Builder Sécheron (electrical)
Jung (mechanical)  Serial number 8725
12846–12847  Build date 1958  Total produced 2 | |
| Specifications  Configuration:
   UIC Bo'Bo'  Gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in)  Length 13,150 mm (43 ft 2 in)  Loco weight 60 t  Electric system/s 10 kV 16+23 Hz AC, 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC  Current pickup(s) Pantograph | |
| Performance figures  Maximum speed 55 km/h (34 mph)  Power output 732 kW (cont.) / 830 kW (1-hour) | |
| Career  Operators Norsk Transport  Official name 9, 10 | |


title: Berlin 36

abstract: Berlin 36 is a 2009 German film telling the fate of Jewish track and field athlete Gretel Bergmann in the 1936 Summer Olympics. In the movie she was replaced by the Nazi regime with a fellow athlete which she befriended. The film, based on a true story, was released in Germany on 10 September 2009. Reporters at Der Spiegel challenged the historical basis for many of the events in the film, pointing to arrest records and medical examinations indicating German authorities did not determine Dora Ratjen as being male until 1938.

text:
# Berlin 36

***Berlin 36*** is a 2009 German film telling the fate of Jewish track and field athlete Gretel Bergmann in the 1936 Summer Olympics. In the movie she was replaced by the Nazi regime with a fellow athlete which she befriended. The film, based on a true story, was released in Germany on 10 September 2009.

Reporters at *Der Spiegel* challenged the historical basis for many of the events in the film, pointing to arrest records and medical examinations indicating German authorities did not determine Dora Ratjen as being male until 1938.

## Plot

The athlete Gretel Bergmann wins the high jump championships in the United Kingdom. Since the Nazi racial laws prevented her continuing her training in Germany, being a Jew, her father had sent her to England, where she could live more safely and continue her sporting career.

At the Berlin Olympics in 1936, the Americans and the IOC (International Olympic Committee) demand that Jewish athletes are not to be excluded from the event, especially the high jumper Gretel Bergmann of international fame, thus putting the Nazi Olympic Committee in great difficulty. A victory by a Jewish athlete would seriously humiliate the Nazi party. When her family in Germany is threatened, Gretel returns to Germany. She is included in the German Olympic high jump team, seemingly with the same rights as the other athletes in the training camp.

Hans Waldmann, the coach of the team, is enthusiastic about the skills and discipline of Gretel and adopts a policy of impartiality based solely on sportsmanship. However, Waldmann is dismissed by Nazi party officials and replaced as coach by Sigfrid Kulmbach, loyal to the party. Kulmbach attempts, instead, by every means to discourage the young athlete and undermine her self-esteem.

Her roommate and sole competitor in talent is Marie Ketteler. Marie, however, is really a man, by whom the Nazis want to attain the gold medal in high jump. Between Marie and Gretel, despite numerous threats from outside, a friendship forms.

Despite being the most promising athlete in high jump training, Gretel is suddenly excluded from competition under false pretences, only a few days before the Games. She is replaced by Marie, the second best athlete.

Marie, however, behaves in strange ways: she never takes a bath with her companions, shaves her legs several times a day and has a deep voice. Gretel, therefore, discovers her true identity. Meanwhile, Marie discovers that Gretel was excluded from the race under false pretenses. So Marie decides to deliberately lose the final and decisive leap. The dislodged bar spells the shattering of hope of victory in the German officials, who are dumbstruck. Marie gains only the fourth place. Marie and Gretel, the latter observing the contest as a spectator, exchange a secret happy smile, for their common opposition led to the defeat of the cruel Nazi ambitions and ideals.

## Cast

* Karoline Herfurth as Gretel Bergmann
* Sebastian Urzendowsky as Marie Ketteler
* Axel Prahl as Hans Waldmann
* August Zirner as Edwin Bergmann
* Maria Happel as Paula Bergmann
* Franz Dinda as Rudolph Bergmann
* Leon Seidel as Walter Bergmann
* Thomas Thieme as Hans von Tschammer und Osten
* Johann von Bülow as Karl Ritter von Halt
* Julie Engelbrecht as Elisabeth 'Lilly' Vogt
* Klara Manzel as Thea Walden
* Robert Gallinowski as Sigfrid Kulmbach
* Elena Uhlig as Frau Vogel
* Tausig as Leo Löwenstein
* John Keogh as Avery Brundage

## Premiere

*Berlin 36* premiered on 22 August 2009 in the German capital, Berlin. The film received generally positive reviews from critics. The film has been called "interesting" by the German magazine *Der Spiegel* and placed in the category "Play" by the German weekly *Die Zeit*.

In January 2010, the film was presented at the Palm Springs International Film Festival. On the same date, the film was presented at the Atlanta Jewish Film Festival and the New York Jewish Film Festival, a film festival that deals with Jewish history.

During the presentation of the movie at the Atlanta Jewish Film Festival, the consular officer Lutz Görgens compared the theme of the movie to Jeremy Schaap's book *Triumph*, which tells the story of the American athlete Jesse Owens, who won the gold medal at the 1936 Olympic Games, despite the strong discrimination he suffered. Görgens said that "the book and the movie teaches us about the bad politics of sport. They remind us of the preciousness of political freedom, the excellence of athletic futility, and the true value of friendship".

In fact, unlike the film, Gretel Bergmann, as a young woman, did not know her partner was later determined to be a man, but she learned it only in 1966, reading an article in *Time*. Bergmann told the magazine *Der Spiegel*, at the age of 95 years, "I never suspected anything. We all wondered why she never got naked in the shower. Being so shy at seventeen, it seemed absurd, but we thought, well, it is bizarre and weird".

## InfoBox

| Berlin 36 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Kaspar Heidelbach |
| Written by | Lothar Kurzawa |
| Starring | Karoline Herfurth
Sebastian Urzendowsky
Axel Prahl |
| Music by | Arno Steffen |
| Release date | * 10 September 2009 (2009-09-10) |
| Running time | 100 minutes |
| Country | Germany |
| Language | German |


title: Riverside tyrant

abstract:
The riverside tyrant is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist shrubland.

text:
# Riverside tyrant

The **riverside tyrant** (***Knipolegus orenocensis***) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist shrubland.

## InfoBox

| Riverside tyrant | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| male | |
|  | |
| female | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Tyrannidae |
| Genus: | *Knipolegus* |
| Species: | ***K. orenocensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Knipolegus orenocensis***
Berlepsch, 1884 | |
|
|  | |