title: Sarah Pryke

abstract: Sarah Rosalind Pryke is a behavioural and evolutionary ecologist. A graduate of the University of Natal, with a PhD from Göteborg University (Sweden), she is best known for her research on the evolution of sexual signals in the Red-collared widowbird and more recently research on maternal effects and the evolution of alternative reproductive strategies in the Gouldian finch.

text:
# Sarah Pryke

**Sarah Rosalind Pryke** is a behavioural and evolutionary ecologist. A graduate of the University of Natal (South Africa), with a PhD from Göteborg University (Sweden), she is best known for her research on the evolution of sexual signals in the Red-collared widowbird and more recently research on maternal effects and the evolution of alternative reproductive strategies in the Gouldian finch.

## Career

Pryke began her postdoctoral career with a move to Australia in 2005. At this time she took up New South Global Postdoctoral Fellowship at the University of New South Wales. In 2007 she moved to Macquarie University to take up an ARC Postdoctoral Fellowship, followed in 2010 by an Innovation Research Fellowship awarded by Macquarie University. In 2012, Pryke obtained a faculty position at the Australian National University where she moved to establish her own research group and start and ARC Future Fellowship.

## Awards and recognition

* 2004 – Pitelka Award from the International Society for Behavioural Ecology
* 2005 – Christer Hemborg Award
* 2007 – L'Oréal Women in Science Fellowship Award
* 2011 – Christopher Barnard Award for Outstanding Contributions by a New Investigator from Association for the Study of Animal Behaviours

## Selected publications

* Pryke, S. R. 2013. Bird contests: from hatching to fertilisation. In: Animal Contests. Editors: I.C.W. Hardy & M. Briffa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge pp. 287–303.
* Pryke S. R. & Rollins L. A. 2012. Mothers adjust offspring sex to match the quality of the rearing environment. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B. 279: 4051–4057.
* Pryke S. R., Rollins L. A. & Griffith S. C. 2011. Context-dependent sex allocation: constraints on the expression and evolution of maternal allocation. Evolution. 65: 2792–2799.
* Pryke, S. R., Rollins, L. A. & Griffith, S. C. 2010. Females use multiple mating and genetically loaded sperm competition to target compatible genes. Science 329: 964–967.
* Pryke, S. R. 2010. Sex chromosome linkage of mate preferences and color signal maintains assortative mating between interbreeding finch morphs. Evolution 65: 1301–1310.
* Pryke, S. R. & Griffith, S. C. 2009. Postzygotic incompatibility drives sex allocation and maternal investment in a polymorphic finch. Science 323: 1605–1607.
* Pryke, S. R. & Griffith, S. C. 2009. Socially mediated trade-offs between aggression and parental effort in competing color morphs. American Naturalist 174: 455–464.
* Pryke, S. R. 2007. Sexual selection of ultraviolet and structural color signals. In: Reproductive biology and phylogeny of Aves. Editor: B. M. Jamieson. Science Publishers Inc., Enfield, USA. pp. 1–40.
* Pryke, S. R. & Griffith, S. C. 2006. Red dominates black: Agonistic signalling among head morphs in the colour polymorphic Gouldian finch. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B. 273: 949–957.
* Pryke, S. R., Lawes, M. J. & Andersson, M. 2002. Multiple receivers, multiple ornaments and a trade-off between agonistic and epigamic signaling in a widowbird. American Naturalist 160: 683–691.
* Pryke, S. R. & Andersson, S. 2002. A generalized female bias for long tails in a short-tailed widowbird. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 269: 2141–2146.
* Pryke S. R., Andersson, S. & Lawes, M. J. 2002. Carotenoid status signaling in captive and wild red-collared widowbirds: independent effects of badge size and color. Behavioral Ecology 13: 622–631.


title: Simons Observatory

abstract: The Simons Observatory is located in the high Atacama Desert in Northern Chile inside the Chajnator Science Preserve, at an altitude of 5,200 meters (17,000 ft). The Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and the Simons Array are located nearby and these experiments are currently making observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Their goals are to study how the universe began, what it is made of, and how it evolved to its current state. The Simons Observatory shares many of the same goals but aims to take advantage of advances in technology to make far more precise and diverse measurements. In addition, it is envisaged that many aspects of the Simons Observatory will be pathfinders for the future CMB-S4 array. The Simons Observatory has been made possible by a combined $40.1 million grant from the Simons Foundation and a number of participating universities. The observatory is named after the foundation and its founders: Jim Simons, the hedge fund billionaire and philanthropist who died on May 10, 2024 and his wife, Marilyn, a trained economist. The collaboration is large and multinational with over 250 scientists at over 35 institutions across the world. The total cost of the observatory is $110 million, with $90 million from the Simons Foundation.

text:
# Simons Observatory

The **Simons Observatory** is located in the high Atacama Desert in Northern Chile inside the **Chajnator Science Preserve**, at an altitude of 5,200 meters (17,000 ft). The Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and the Simons Array are located nearby and these experiments are currently making observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Their goals are to study how the universe began, what it is made of, and how it evolved to its current state. The Simons Observatory shares many of the same goals but aims to take advantage of advances in technology to make far more precise and diverse measurements. In addition, it is envisaged that many aspects of the Simons Observatory (optical designs, detector technologies and so on) will be pathfinders for the future CMB-S4 array.

The Simons Observatory has been made possible by a combined $40.1 million grant from the Simons Foundation and a number of participating universities. The observatory is named after the foundation and its founders: Jim Simons, the hedge fund billionaire and philanthropist who died on May 10, 2024 and his wife, Marilyn, a trained economist. The collaboration is large and multinational with over 250 scientists at over 35 institutions across the world.

The total cost of the observatory is $110 million, with $90 million from the Simons Foundation.

## Science goals

One of the primary goals of the Simons Observatory are polarization maps of the sky with an order of magnitude better sensitivity than the Planck satellite. These will enable better measurement of cosmological parameters and will also enable a wide range of other science. Examples include gravitational lensing of the microwave background, the primordial bispectrum, and the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects. With delensing the large-angle polarization signal, it will be possible to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The survey will also provide a legacy catalog of 16,000 galaxy clusters and more than 20,000 extragalactic sources. Details have been published in a forecasts paper.

## Frequencies

The CMB peaks at a frequency of 160.3 GHz. At and just below this frequency the atmospheric opacity is low. As a result, the majority of the Simons Observatory's detectors will operate from 90 to 150 GHz.

However, critical to sensitive measurements is coverage at other frequencies in order to remove foregrounds such as emission from our galaxy. Since these foregrounds have a different spectrum to the CMB by using higher and lower frequencies it is possible to separate them out. The exact band centers used by the Simons Observatory are 27, 39, 93, 145, 225 and 280 GHz.

## Telescopes

To achieve a high enough angular resolution for some of the science goals, a telescope with an aperture larger than about 5 meters is needed. To reduce systematic effects which become the dominant source of errors in very low noise maps, the Simons Observatory will build a 6-meter telescope and under illuminate the primary mirror to 5.5 meters. At the same time other science goals require very low noise on large angular scales—something a 6-meter telescope will struggle to achieve. For this reason the Simons observatory will also build three 0.5 meter telescopes and combine the data sets in analysis.

### The Large Aperture Telescope (LAT)

The 6 meter diameter telescope has a Crossed Dragone design. At a frequency of 90 GHz it has a field-of-view over 7.8 degrees. It is under construction by Vertex Antennentechnik in Germany. This telescope is of an identical design to the higher frequency CCAT-prime telescope which is also under construction.

The detectors on the LAT will be housed in a single large cryostat over 2.4 meters in diameter. This will house up to 13 optics tubes consisting of three cooled silicon lenses (to refocus light from the secondary focus of the telescope onto the detectors) and a Lyot stop at an image of the primary mirror (to prevent stray light from the telescope structure reaching the detectors). One of these 13 tubes will operate at 27 & 39 GHz, four will operate at 93 & 145 GHz, two at 225 & 280 GHz and the rest are reserved for future expansion. This cryostat will be one of the largest millimeter-wave astronomical cameras ever built.

### The Small Aperture Telescopes (SATs)

The small aperture telescopes are refracting telescopes with 3 aspheric silicon lenses and a rotating half wave plate. Each telescope has a field-of-view of over 35 degrees. Overcoming systematic effects, such as picking up signals from the ground in sidelobes, are critical to the measurement of the very largest angular scales so each telescope has co-moving screens and is mounted inside a fixed ground screen that reflects diffraction from the co-moving screens to the sky.

## Detectors

The Simons Observatory will use Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers. These devices will be cooled to 100 mK inside cryostats using pulse tube coolers to cool to below 4 Kelvin and dilution refrigerators for the final 1 K and 100 mK cooling stages. Approximately 60,000 bolometers with roughly half on the LAT and the rest on the SATs. To readout the detectors a microwave multiplexing scheme will be used.

## Measurements

Two of the four telescopes began taking measurements in April 2024, in time for Dr. Simons’s 86th birthday on April 25. The third is expected to join in a few months (as of June 2024), and the fourth, much larger, is scheduled to begin operations next year.

## InfoBox

Simons Observatory
| The site of the future Simons Observatory, with the Simons Array, Atacama Cosmology Telescope and POLARBEAR. | |
| --- | --- |
| Alternative names | Observatorio Simons |
| Location(s) | Atacama Desert |
| Coordinates | 22°57′31″S 67°47′15″W / 22.9586°S 67.7875°W / -22.9586; -67.7875 |
| Altitude | 5,200 m (17,100 ft) |
| Wavelength | 27, 39, 93, 145, 225, 280 GHz (1.110, 0.769, 0.322, 0.207, 0.133, 0.107 cm) |
| First light | 2020 |
| Telescope style | cosmic microwave background experiment<br>radio telescope |
| Number of telescopes | 4 |
| Diameter | 6, 0.5 m (19 ft 8 in, 1 ft 8 in) |
| Website | simonsobservatory.org |
| Location of Simons Observatory | |
| Related media on Commons | |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Setanta Records

abstract: Setanta Records was a British independent record label led by founder Keith Cullen. Setanta published UK and Irish indie music in the late 1980s and in the 1990s.

text:
# Setanta Records

**Setanta Records** was a British independent record label led by founder Keith Cullen. Setanta published UK and Irish indie music in the late 1980s and in the 1990s.

## History

Setanta Records was started in a Camberwell, London squat by former bicycle courier Keith Cullen. Their first success came when Dublin band Into Paradise received positive reviews from the British music press for their Setanta debut titled *Under the Water*. Major label interest followed and Into Paradise subsequently signed to Ensign Records retaining Cullen as band manager. Shortly thereafter, Cullen signed the Cork trio the Frank and Walters, who wore orange shirts and purple flared trousers. As with Into Paradise, the band signed to Go! Discs retaining Cullen as band manager. The Frank and Walters achieved minor commercial success when their song "After All" peaked at number 11 on the UK Singles Chart.

Commercial success followed Cullen's signing of the Divine Comedy whose first three albums *Liberation*, *Promenade* and *Casanova* were well received in the UK and Europe. The Divine Comedy also provided the soundtrack for the Channel 4 sitcom *Father Ted*. Despite label boss Cullen not thinking that the song was commercially promising, Setanta also had chart success with the Edwyn Collins (former frontman of Scotland's Orange Juice on Postcard Records) hit "A Girl Like You" which went on to become successful in several national charts.

In the late 1990s, the label turned down the Magnetic Fields' album *69 Love Songs*, which ended up being a critical and commercial success. In 2007, Setanta signed London band The Tacticians. Their debut album *Some Kind of Urban Fulfilment* was released on Setanta in August 2007. In 2012, Cullen announced that he was closing Setanta down.

## Selected artists

## Sources

* *Ireland's Hotpress Yearbook* (2006)


title: Rathri Mazha (TV series)

abstract: Rathri Mazha was an Indian Malayalam-language soap opera which was launched by Flowers TV on 19 September 2016. It aired on weekdays at 9:30 P.M IST. It is an adaptation of Mayadevi's novel with the same title published in Manorama Weekly. Actress Sreekala Sasidharan played the lead role in the series.

text:
# Rathri Mazha (TV series)

***Rathri Mazha*** (ml; രാത്രി മഴ) was an Indian Malayalam-language soap opera which was launched by Flowers TV on 19 September 2016. It aired on weekdays at 9:30 P.M IST. It is an adaptation of Mayadevi's novel with the same title published in Manorama Weekly. Actress Sreekala Sasidharan played the lead role in the series.

## Cast

### Main

* Sreekala Sasidharan as Archana / Alice / Suja
* Niranjan Nayar as Sudheesh (Sudhi)
* Parvathy R Krishna as Niranjana

### Recurring

* Thomas Kuriakose as S.P Vishwanathan
* Uma Nair as Jayanthi Vishwanathan
* Nila Menon as Bhagyam
* Sreekala as Shyamala
* Jayan Amboori as Rajappan
* Parvathy Nair as Ambili
* T.N. Krishna as Nadarajan
* Thanvi S Raveendran as Revathy
* Ambarish as Dineshan
* Ranjith Raj as Saji
* Krishna as Rajappan
* Kottayam Manju as Geetha
* Manu Poojappura as Shabari
* Sini Prasad as Karthyayani a.k.a. Kallu Karthyayani
* Shobi Thilikan as Raghavan a.k.a. Chevala Raghavan
* Prakash SP as Faizy
* Dhanya Chandralekha as Snehalatha
* Parvathy Krishnakumar as Dr Hima
* Vinod as CI Surendran
* Lakshmi as Saji's mother
* Rajendran as Commissioner
* Anil as James
* Bindu Menon as Bhamini
* RV Sneha as Mollykutty
* Aakash Menon as Anirudh
* Jayan as Ambrose
* Maya Suresh as Thenmala Rosy
* Santhosh as Ashokan
* Rahul as Vishnu
* Anirudh Rajsekhar

## Awards

Kerala State Television Awards * Special Jurie Prize -Nila Menon

Kerala Vision Television Awards * Best Performance -Nila Menon

Mangalam Television Awards 2017 * Best Serial
* Best Director - Baiju Devraj
* Best Associate Director -Raju Nair
* Special Jury prize -Nila Menon

## InfoBox

| *Rathri Mazha* | |
| --- | --- |
| Also known as | രാത്രി മഴ |
| Genre | Drama |
| Written by | Mayadevi
Murali Nellinadu |
| Directed by | Riju Nair |
| Starring | Sreekala Sasidharan
Parvathy R Krishna
Nila Menon |
| Country of origin | India |
| Original language | Malayalam |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 397 |
| Production | |
| Producer | Baiju Devraj |
| Production location | Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala |
| Production company | Sandra Communications |
| Original release | |
| Network | Flowers TV |
| Release | 19 September 2016 (2016-09-19)
16 March 2018 (2018-03-16) |
| Related | |
| Pokkuveyil (TV series) | |


title: Cathy Sandeen

abstract: Cathy Sandeen is an American academic administrator who began her appointment as University President at California State University, East Bay in January, 2021.

text:
# Cathy Sandeen

**Cathy Sandeen** is an American academic administrator who began her appointment as University President at California State University, East Bay (Hayward, CA) in January, 2021.

## Early life and education

Sandeen was born in Oakland and raised in San Leandro, California. Sandeen earned a bachelor's degree in speech-language pathology from Humboldt State University and a master's degree in broadcast communication from San Francisco State University. She then earned a Master of Business Administration from the UCLA Anderson School of Management and a Ph.D in communication from the University of Utah.

## Career

Prior to joining the University of Alaska, Sandeen served as the chancellor of the University of Wisconsin Colleges and University of Wisconsin–Extension. Sandeen previously served as dean of Continuing Education at UCLA Extension from 2006 to 2012, and vice provost and dean of the University Extension and summer session at University of California, Santa Cruz from 2000 to 2006. On October 29, 2020 the California State University Board of Trustees announced Dr. Sandeen's appointment as President of California State University East Bay, with her term beginning January 4, 2021.

## InfoBox

| Cathy A. Sandeen | |
| --- | --- |
| Sandeen in 2021 | |
|  | |
| 6th Chancellor California State University, East Bay | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
January 4, 2021 | |
| Preceded by | Leroy M. Morishita |
| 11th Chancellor of the University of Alaska Anchorage | |
| **In office**
September 15, 2018  January 3, 2021 | |
| Preceded by | Samuel B. Gingerich *(interim)* |
| Succeeded by | Sean Parnell |
| Chancellor of the University of Wisconsin Colleges | |
| **In office**
2014–2018 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Residence(s) | San Francisco, California, U.S. |
| Education | Humboldt State University (BA
San Francisco State University (MA)
University of California, Los Angeles (MBA)
University of Utah (PhD) |
|  | |


title: Scotland Yard (1930 film)

abstract: Scotland Yard is a 1930 American pre-Code crime film directed by William K. Howard, written by Garrett Fort, and starring Edmund Lowe, Joan Bennett, Donald Crisp, Georges Renavent, Lumsden Hare and David Torrence. It was released on October 19, 1930, by Fox Film Corporation. It is based on the 1929 play Scotland Yard by Denison Clift. In 1941, the film was remade under the same title. The film depicts identity theft. A financier who went missing in action during World War I is impersonated by a swindler.

text:
# Scotland Yard (1930 film)

***Scotland Yard*** is a 1930 American pre-Code crime film directed by William K. Howard, written by Garrett Fort, and starring Edmund Lowe, Joan Bennett, Donald Crisp, Georges Renavent, Lumsden Hare and David Torrence. It was released on October 19, 1930, by Fox Film Corporation. It is based on the 1929 play *Scotland Yard* by Denison Clift. In 1941, the film was remade under the same title.

The film depicts identity theft. A financier who went missing in action during World War I is impersonated by a swindler.

## Plot

In London following the First World War, a criminal masquerades of a financier who had gone missing in action with the intent of stealing large sums of money.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Scotland Yard | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | William K. Howard |
| Screenplay by | Garrett Fort |
| Produced by | Ralph Block |
| Starring | Edmund Lowe
Joan Bennett
Donald Crisp
Georges Renavent
Lumsden Hare
David Torrence |
| Cinematography | George Schneiderman |
| Edited by | Jack Murray |
| Music by | Arthur Kay |
| Production
company | Fox Film Corporation |
| Distributed by | Fox Film Corporation |
| Release date | * October 19, 1930 (1930-10-19) |
| Running time | 75 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Łapajówka

abstract: Łapajówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zarzecze, within Przeworsk County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Zarzecze, 8 km (5 mi) south of Przeworsk, and 37 km (23 mi) east of the regional capital Rzeszów.

text:
# Łapajówka

**Łapajówka** \[wapaˈjufka\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zarzecze, within Przeworsk County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Zarzecze, 8 km (5 mi) south of Przeworsk, and 37 km (23 mi) east of the regional capital Rzeszów.

## InfoBox

| Łapajówka | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Łapajówka | |
| Coordinates: 50°0′N 22°31′E / 50.000°N 22.517°E / 50.000; 22.517 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Subcarpathian |
| County | Przeworsk |
| Gmina | Zarzecze |


title: The Dream Book

abstract: The Dream Book is a live album by multi-instrumentalist Joe McPhee and bassist Dominic Duval recorded at the Knitting Factory in 1999 and released on the Cadence Jazz label.

text:
# The Dream Book

***The Dream Book*** is a live album by multi-instrumentalist Joe McPhee and bassist Dominic Duval recorded at the Knitting Factory in 1999 and released on the Cadence Jazz label.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| *The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings* |  |

Allmusic reviewer Steve Loewy states "With total command of their instruments, and endless ideas, the duo produces expectantly stunning results. Wondrous and evocative".

## Track listing

All compositions by Joe McPhee and Domenic Duval except where noted.

1. "Dance of the Reasons Why" – 18:53
2. "Beyond the Truth-Lies" – 8:17
3. "Moffett's Motif" – 6:39
4. "Old Eyes" (Joe McPhee) – 5:28
5. "Caught in the Moment" – 10:14
6. "And Then Red" – 4:54
7. "Celebration" – 2:00

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| The Dream Book | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Joe McPhee and Dominic Duval | |
| Released | 1999 |
| Recorded | August 27, 1998 |
| Venue | Knitting Factory, NYC. |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 59:57 |
| Label | Cadence Jazz CJR 1105 |
| Producer | Bob Rusch |
| Joe McPhee chronology | |
| *Zebulon*
(1998) ***The Dream Book***
(1999) *Rapture*
(1998) | |


title: Take It Back!

abstract: Take It Back! was an American hardcore band from Fayetteville, Arkansas. The band started making music in 2005, and disbanded in 2009. Their membership was vocalist, Nick Thomas, guitarists, Daniel Hawkins and Cody Bradley, and drummer, Josh Huskey. The band released an extended play, Rumors of Revolt, in 2009, with Facedown Records. Their first studio album, Can't Fight Robots, was released by Facedown Records, in 2008. The subsequent studio album, Atrocities, was released by Facedown Records, in 2009, as their final recording.

text:
# Take It Back!

**Take It Back!** was an American hardcore band from Fayetteville, Arkansas. The band started making music in 2005, and disbanded in 2009. Their membership was vocalist, Nick Thomas, guitarists, Daniel Hawkins and Cody Bradley, and drummer, Josh Huskey. The band released an extended play, *Rumors of Revolt*, in 2009, with Facedown Records. Their first studio album, *Can't Fight Robots*, was released by Facedown Records, in 2008. The subsequent studio album, *Atrocities*, was released by Facedown Records, in 2009, as their final recording.

## Background

Take It Back! comes from Fayetteville, Arkansas. Their members were vocalist, Nick Thomas, guitarists, Daniel Hawkins and Cody Bradley, and drummer, Josh Huskey.

## Music history

The band commenced as a musical entity in 2005, with their first release, *Can't Fight Robots*, a studio album, that was released by Facedown Records on June 24, 2008. They released an extended play, *Rumors of Revolt*, on August 18, 2009 with Facedown Records. Their second studio album, *Atrocities*, was released by Facedown Records on November 10, 2009.

## Members

Last Known Line-up * Daniel Hawkins - guitar
* Cody Bradley - guitar
* Josh Huskey - drums
* Zack McKim - vocals
* Devin Henderson - bass

Former Members * Nick Thomas - vocals
* Keevan Merrill - vocals
* Anthony Morton - guitar
* Phillip Farris - vocals

## Discography

Studio albums EPs * *Rumors of Revolt* (August 18, 2009, Facedown)

## InfoBox

| Take It Back! | |
| --- | --- |
| Also known as | TIB! |
| Origin | Fayetteville, Arkansas |
| Genres | Hardcore punk, melodic hardcore, screamo, punk rock |
| Years active | 2005 (2005)–2012 (2012), 2015-present |
| Labels | Facedown, Wrong Ones |
|  | |
| Past members | Zack Mckim
Nick Thomas
Daniel Hawkins
Cody Bradley
Josh Huskey |


title: Red Storm Rising

abstract: Red Storm Rising is a war novel, written by Tom Clancy and Larry Bond, and released on August 7, 1986. Set in the mid-1980s, it features a Third World War between the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and Warsaw Pact forces, and is notable for depicting the conflict as being fought exclusively with conventional weapons, rather than escalating to the use of weapons of mass destruction or nuclear warfare. It is one of two Clancy novels, along with SSN (1996), that are not set in the Ryanverse. The book debuted at number one on the New York Times bestseller list. It eventually lent its name to game development company Red Storm Entertainment, which Clancy co-founded in 1997.

text:
# Red Storm Rising

***Red Storm Rising*** is a war novel, written by Tom Clancy and Larry Bond, and released on August 7, 1986. Set in the mid-1980s, it features a Third World War between the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and Warsaw Pact forces, and is notable for depicting the conflict as being fought exclusively with conventional weapons, rather than escalating to the use of weapons of mass destruction or nuclear warfare. It is one of two Clancy novels, along with *SSN* (1996), that are not set in the Ryanverse.

The book debuted at number one on the New York Times bestseller list. It eventually lent its name to game development company Red Storm Entertainment, which Clancy co-founded in 1997.

## Plot

Muslim militants from Soviet Azerbaijan destroy an oil production refinery in Nizhnevartovsk, threatening to cripple the Soviet Union's economy due to oil shortages. After much deliberation, the Soviet Politburo decides to seize the Persian Gulf by military force in order to recoup the country's oil losses. Knowing that the United States had pledged to defend the oil-producing countries in the Persian Gulf, the Soviets decide that neutralizing NATO is a necessary first step before its military operation can take place. If West Germany were to be neutralized and occupied, the Soviets believe that the United States would not move to rescue the Arab states since it could meet its oil needs from the Western Hemisphere alone.

To divert attention from the impending operation, the Politburo embarks upon an elaborate *maskirovka* to disguise both their predicament and their intentions. The Soviets publicly declare their arms reduction proposal to scrap their obsolete nuclear missile submarines. The KGB then carries out a false flag operation involving a bomb being detonated in a Kremlin building, framing a KGB sleeper agent as a West German intelligence spy involved in the incident. The Politburo publicly denounces the West German government and calls for retaliation.

Even though a planned attack on a NATO communications facility in Lammersdorf was compromised when a Spetsnaz officer was arrested, the Soviet Army pushes through with their advance operations in Germany. They suffer reverses on the first night of the war, however, when NATO stealth and fighter-bomber aircraft achieve air superiority over Central Europe by eliminating Soviet fighter and AEW&C aircraft, and destroying key bridges that much of the Soviet Army has yet to cross.

Nevertheless, the Soviet Navy achieves a decisive early victory by launching a bold amphibious landing on Iceland, taking control of the NATO airbase in Keflavík. This is followed up by a substantial air attack against a combined American-French carrier battle group that was originally sent to reinforce Iceland with several landing ships full of US Marines. The battle results in the loss of several ships including the French carrier *Foch* and the landing ship *USS Saipan*. Damage was also done to other ships like the US carrier *USS Nimitz*, forcing her to drydock in Britain to undergo repairs. This leaves the Soviets in control of the strategically important GIUK gap.

NATO and Soviet air and ground forces continue to battle ferociously in Germany, with both sides taking heavy losses. General-Colonel Pavel Alekseyev, the de-facto Soviet senior commander on the ground, scores a breakthrough in a tank battle at Alfeld, opening the possibility of a Soviet advance beyond the Weser River with far less opposition from NATO forces. Meanwhile, a naval attack on Soviet bomber bases with cruise missiles launched by US Navy submarines opens a window for an amphibious assault on Iceland, retaking the island and effectively closing the Atlantic to Soviet forces. Among the action, a Soviet prisoner captured during the retaking of Iceland reveals the true cause of the war, and a NATO air offensive swiftly destroys much of the Soviet military's readily-available fuel supplies.

With Iceland re-taken, the United States is able to resupply the rest of NATO via the reopened sea lanes. By this point Soviet tank and strategic bomber formations have taken punishing losses, forcing them to further cede the initiative as NATO prepares to mount a decisive counteroffensive. The Soviet leadership begins to realize that they face the possibility of outright defeat—either through a NATO military breakthrough or a war of attrition which, given their desperate lack of oil supplies, would amount to the same result. The General Secretary considers using nuclear weapons to force a favorable end to the war. This infuriates Alekseyev, who had been mobilizing for a final counterattack on Germany but faces execution by the Soviet government for its slow timetable. The KGB chief organizes a coup along with Alekseyev and other members of the Politburo. The new Soviet government then negotiates for a ceasefire with NATO and a return to *status quo ante bellum*, ending the war.

## Characters

### NATO

### Soviet Union

* Pavel Leonidovich Alekseyev: Deputy Commander of the Southwest Front and then Commander in Chief-Western Theater after briefly serving as second in command. Exceptionally brave and given to leading from the front personally, Alekseyev briefly takes command of a Soviet tank division after NATO artillery fire wipes out its entire command staff, leading to the key Warsaw Pact victory at Alfeld. After the coup, he is made Deputy Minister of Defense and Chief of the General Staff of the Soviet Armed Forces.
* Mikhail Eduardovich Sergetov: Energy Minister and non-voting member of the Soviet Politburo. After the coup, he becomes acting General Secretary.
* Ivan Mikhailovich Sergetov: Alekseyev's *aide-de-camp* and Sergetov's son. Promoted to major during the war.
* Major Arkady Semyonovich Sorokin: Soviet VDV officer whose daughter Svetlana dies in the Kremlin bombing. Later recruited by Alekseyev for the coup.
* Boris Georgiyevich Kosov: Chairman of the Committee for State Security (KGB). Mastermind of the coup, only to be killed in revenge by Major Sorokin.
* Marshal Andre Shavyrin: Chief of the General Staff. Later executed by the Politburo for failing to bring favorable results on the war.
* Marshal Yuri Rozhkov: Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Army. Executed along with Marshal Shavyrin.
* Marshal Fiodr Borrissovitch Boukharin: Commander of the Kiev Military District. Later promoted to the head of the General Staff after Shavyrin and Rozhkov's execution, then forced into retirement after Alekseyev's Coup.
* Andre Illich Chernyavin: Spetsnaz officer assigned to sabotage the NATO command post at Lammersdorf.

### Other characters

* Vigdis Agustdottir: Icelandic civilian rescued by Edwards from Soviet soldiers in Iceland and later married Edwards as the novel closes.
* Patrick Flynn: Associated Press Moscow Bureau chief
* Ibrahim Tolkaze: Militant Islamist of Azerbaijani descent working as an oil field engineer. He and his confederates Rasul and Mohammet instigate the road to war by infiltrating the oil refinery where Ibrahim works, murdering multiple security and technical personnel, and triggering numerous pipe ruptures that set the entire refinery and adjacent oil field ablaze. All of them are killed when security forces storm the control room.
* Gerhardt Falken: Alleged West German Federal Intelligence Service agent behind the Kremlin bombing.

## Themes

*Red Storm Rising* depicts a future Third World War, chiefly between the United States and the Soviet Union. It follows the "future war" genre first popularized by the 1871 novella *The Battle of Dorking* by George Tomkyns Chesney as well as the science fiction novel *The War in the Air* (1908) by H.G. Wells. *Red Storm Rising* is unusual among Cold War examples of the genre in that it presented a war fought entirely using conventional weapons rather than one with nuclear weaponry or chemical weaponry. For instance, *The Third World War: August 1985* describes a conflict based on fairly similar assumptions, but involving heavy use of chemical weaponry and with limited use of strategic nuclear weapons at the conclusion of the conflict.

According to a document released by the UK National Archives in December 2015, U.S. President Ronald Reagan had recommended *Red Storm Rising* to UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher shortly after the Reykjavík Summit in 1986 between him and Soviet general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev so as to gain an understanding of the Soviet Union's intentions and strategy. Some of the advanced weapons systems described in the novel were deployed four years later in the Gulf War.

## Development

Tom Clancy met Larry Bond in 1982. The two discussed *Convoy-84*, a wargame Bond had been working on at the time that featured a new Battle of the North Atlantic. The idea became the basis for *Red Storm Rising*. "We plotted out the book together, then, while I researched the military issues, Tom wrote the book," Bond said. "I'm listed as co-author, but I wrote like 1 percent of the book," Bond stated in a 2013 interview. For research on the Politburo scenes, Clancy and Bond interviewed Soviet defector Arkady Shevchenko.

Clancy had purchased Bond's wargame *Harpoon* as a primary source for his future novel *The Hunt for Red October* (1984). Clancy and Bond used the board game's second edition miniature rules to test key battle sequences, notably the Soviet operation to seize Iceland and the attack on the carrier battle group in the "Dance of the Vampires" chapter.

### Dance of the Vampires

This refers to the chapter where the Soviets lure a NATO carrier group into a trap and almost manages to wipe it out.

The game sessions typically involved several players on each side (Clancy among them) acting in various roles. with Bond refereeing. The games did not influence the outcome - the chapter's ending was already decided - but they gave Clancy and Bond a "better understanding of what factors drove each side's thinking".

This attention to detail made Vice consider Red Storm Rising a "great example of fictional military history."

The collected and annotated notes on the three Dance of the Vampires scenario playthroughs would later be published by Bond.

## Publication

In 1987, the book was published in French as *Tempête Rouge* (Red Storm), translated by France-Marie Watkins, with the collaboration of Jean Sabbagh.

## Reception

Like its predecessor, *The Hunt for Red October*, the book received critical acclaim for its accurate military narrative. Publishers Weekly praised it as "fascinating and totally credible story, told with authenticity and great suspense". Kirkus Reviews hailed it as "an informative, readable, sometimes dazzling speculation on superpower war".

## Game adaptations

In December 1988, MicroProse released a *Red Storm Rising* computer game, in which the player commanded an American submarine against Soviet forces. The player had the option of choosing between both single missions or campaign and which era to play in; modern missions offered the player more advanced submarines and weapons, but also a more technologically advanced adversary as well.

In 1989, TSR, Inc. released the *Red Storm Rising* board game designed by Douglas Niles, based on the book. The game won the Origins Award for Best Modern-Day Boardgame and Best Graphic Presentation of a Boardgame in 1989.

1. "The New York Times bestseller list for the week of August 17, 1986" (PDF). Retrieved December 27, 2018.
2. Milmo, Cahal (December 30, 2015). "Ronald Reagan 'prepared for historic Cold War meeting by reading Tom Clancy thriller'". *The Independent*.
3. Mohdin, Aamna (December 30, 2015). "Reagan to Thatcher: Read a Tom Clancy thriller to understand the Soviet Union". *Quartz*.
4. Greenberg, Martin H. *The Tom Clancy Companion* (revised ed.). pp. 11–17.
5. Greenberg, Martin H., ed. (1992). *The Tom Clancy Companion*. New York: Berkley. p. 2. ISBN 0-425-13407-5.
6. Peck, Michael (October 11, 2013). "The Name's Bond, Larry Bond". *Foreign Policy*. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
7. LaGrone, Sam (October 8, 2013). "Interview: Larry Bond on Tom Clancy". *USNI News*. Retrieved January 9, 2019.
8. Sipe, Russell; Wilson, Johnny; Clancy, Tom; Meier, Sid (July 1988). "An Interview with Tom Clancy". *Computer Gaming World*. pp. 22–24.
9. "Make-Believe Battles That Seem More Real Than History". May 14, 2018.
10. "Choreographing the Dance of the Vampires". Archived from the original on May 26, 2018. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
11. "Dance of the Vampires - Admiralty Trilogy Group | Wargame Vault".
12. "Tom Clancy used this wargame for 'Red Storm Rising'". February 5, 2020.
13. "Dance of the Vampires".
14. "Book Review: Red Storm Rising 12-Copy Floor Display by Tom Clancy". *Publishers Weekly*. Retrieved January 9, 2019.
15. "RED STORM RISING by Tom Clancy". *Kirkus Reviews*. Retrieved January 9, 2019.
16. "Origins Award Winners (1989)". Academy of Adventure Gaming Arts & Design. Archived from the original on November 5, 2007. Retrieved October 29, 2007.

## Further reading

* Gallagher, Mark. *Action figures: Men, action films, and contemporary adventure narratives* (Springer, 2006).
* Griffin, Benjamin. "The good guys win: Ronald Reagan, Tom Clancy, and the transformation of national security" (MA thesis, U of Texas, 2015). online
* Hixson, Walter L. "*Red Storm Rising*: Tom Clancy Novels and the Cult of National Security." *Diplomatic History* 17.4 (1993): 599–614.
* Outlaw, Leroy B. "Red Storm Rising-A Primer for a Future Conventional War in Central Europe"" (Army War College, 1988). online Archived July 6, 2019, at the Wayback Machine
* Payne, Matthew Thomas. *Playing war: Military video games after 9/11* (NYU Press, 2016).
* Terdoslavich, William. *The Jack Ryan Agenda: Policy and Politics in the Novels of Tom Clancy: An Unauthorized Analysis* (Macmillan, 2005). excerpt

## InfoBox

Red Storm Rising
| First edition cover | |
| --- | --- |
| Author |  |
| Language | English |
| Subject | World War III |
| Genre |  |
| Publisher | G.P. Putnam's Sons |
| Publication date | August 7, 1986 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Hardcover, Paperback) |
| Pages | 656 |
| ISBN | 0399131493 |


title: Caecum smriglioi

abstract: Caecum smriglioi is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Caecidae.

text:
# Caecum smriglioi

***Caecum smriglioi*** is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Caecidae.

## Description

## Distribution

## InfoBox

| *Caecum smriglioi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Caecidae |
| Genus: | *Caecum* |
| Species: | ***C. smriglioi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Caecum smriglioi***<br>Pizzini, Nofroni & Bonfitto, 2008 | |
|


title: Singleness of heart

abstract:
Singleness of heart is the ideal of having sole devotion to a task or endeavour. It is normally employed in a religious or spiritual context. In antiquity it was thought of as a counteraction to the divisive effects of civilization on the soul. It is especially associated with the practices of Christian monasticism. Jesus, as recorded by Matthew 6:22, said: ⁲⁲ The light of the body is the eye: if therefore thine eye be single, thy whole body shall be full of light. Johann Bengel argues that the Pharisees in Luke's Gospel, who derided Jesus' teaching on singleness of heart, also considered themselves "accomplished" in the skills of serving two masters. Referring to the desert landscape inhabited by the earliest Christian monks, Peter Brown, in A History of Private Life, explains:
The bleak, asocial landscape of the desert was a distant image of Paradise -- the first, the true home of humankind, where Adam and Eve had dwelt in full majesty, before the subtle and overpowering onset of the doublehearted cares of human life in settled society, before marriage, physical greed, the labor of the earth, and the grinding cares of present human society robbed them of their original serenity. Totally singlehearted, therefore joined with the angelic hosts in unfailing and undivided praise of God, the life of the monk mirrored on earth the life of the angels. (Paul Veyne, editor. Harvard: 1987. Volume I, p. 289) Søren Kierkegaard expressed a similar concept in his maxim "Purity of heart is to will one thing" and his sermon-form essay bearing that title.

text:
# Singleness of heart

**Singleness of heart** (also called **singleheartedness**) is the ideal of having sole devotion to a task or endeavour. It is normally employed in a religious or spiritual context. In antiquity it was thought of as a counteraction to the divisive effects of civilization on the soul. It is especially associated with the practices of Christian monasticism.

Jesus, as recorded by Matthew 6:22, said:

> 22 The light of the body is the eye: if therefore thine eye be single, thy whole body shall be full of light.

Johann Bengel argues that the Pharisees in Luke's Gospel, who derided Jesus' teaching on singleness of heart, also considered themselves "accomplished" in the skills of serving two masters.

Referring to the desert landscape inhabited by the earliest Christian monks, Peter Brown, in *A History of Private Life*, explains:

> The bleak, asocial landscape of the desert was a distant image of Paradise -- the first, the true home of humankind, where Adam and Eve had dwelt in full majesty, before the subtle and overpowering onset of the doublehearted cares of human life in settled society, before marriage, physical greed, the labor of the earth, and the grinding cares of present human society robbed them of their original serenity. Totally singlehearted, therefore joined with the angelic hosts in unfailing and undivided praise of God, the life of the monk mirrored on earth the life of the angels. (*Paul Veyne, editor. Harvard: 1987. Volume I, p. 289*)

Søren Kierkegaard expressed a similar concept in his maxim "Purity of heart is to will one thing" and his sermon-form essay bearing that title.


title: Setanta Sports Eurasia

abstract: Setanta Sports Eurasia is a sports television network operating in the Baltic States, Eastern Europe and Central Asia operated and owned by Adjarasport trading as Setanta Sports.

text:
# Setanta Sports Eurasia

**Setanta Sports Eurasia** is a sports television network operating in the Baltic States, Eastern Europe and Central Asia operated and owned by Adjarasport trading as Setanta Sports.

## Availability

Setanta Sports Eurasia is currently available in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Philippines, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.

## History

The channel launched in 2012 and is available in English, Georgian, Latvian, Ukrainian and Russian. From 2012 to 2021, it was owned by Eurasian Broadcasting Enterprise Ltd (EBEL). In February 2021, it was acquired by Georgian sports TV company Adjarasport who advised they would continue with the Setanta brand.

On August 28, 2021, the streaming service of Setanta Sports was launched.

On April 12, 2023, the distribution of Setanta Sports channels has been banned in Belarus by the country's Ministry of Information.

## Channels

* Setanta Sports 1 (launched in 2012 as Setanta Sports)
* Setanta Sports 2 (launched in 2014 as Setanta Sports+)
* Setanta Sports KZ (launched on 24 September 2016 as Setanta Qazaqstan)
* Setanta Sports KZ+ (launched on 16 October 2023)
* Setanta Sports 1 Georgia (launched in 2016)
* Setanta Sports 2 Georgia (launched in 2016)
* Setanta Sports 3 Georgia (launched on 9 September 2022)
* Setanta Sports Ukraine (launched on 1 August 2019)
* Setanta Sports+ Ukraine (launched in February 2020)
* Setanta Sports KG (launched in 2022 as Setanta Kyrgyzstan)
* Setanta Sports 1 Baltic (launched in 2022)
* Setanta Sports 2 Baltic (launched on 1 September 2023)

## Broadcasting rights

| Sports | Country/Region | Competition/Tournament | ARM | AZE | BLT | GEO | KAZ | KGZ | MDA | TJK | TKM | UZB | UKR |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Association football |
| | South America | Copa América |  |  |  |  | Live and on-demand |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | England | Premier League | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |  | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |
| | English Football League | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |  | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |
| | EFL Cup | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |  | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |
| | Scotland | Scottish Professional Football League | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |
| | Spain | La Liga | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |  |
| | Italy | Serie A | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |  |
| | Germany | Bundesliga | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |  | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |
| | Belgium | Belgian Pro League | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |
| | France | Ligue 1 | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |  |
| Rugby union | France | Top 14 | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |  |
| Basketball | United States | NBA | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |  | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |
| Ice hockey | United States | NHL | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |  | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |
| Golf | United States | The Masters | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |
| | Europe | PGA European Tour | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |
| Combat sports | United States | UFC | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |  | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |
| | United Kingdom | Cage Warriors | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |
| Motorsport | Worldwide | Formula One | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |  | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |
| Tennis | Worldwide | ATP Masters 1000 | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |  | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand | Live and on-demand |

1. http://opac.oireachtas.ie/AWData/Library3/CENRdoclaid02112015\_155843.pdf
2. "Setanta Sports Eurasia extends Serie a football rights". 20 July 2015.
3. "International Entertainment News: RRsat to Distribute Setanta Sports Eurasia Channel to Central Asia and CIS".
4. "Setanta Sports Eurasia completes 'big five' line-up - SportsPro". 14 August 2012.
5. "Adjarasport to buy Setanta Sports Eurasia". 9 February 2021.
6. "Setanta Sports channels banned in Belarus". *SportBusiness*. 12 April 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
7. "Встречайте новый спортивный пакет от «Setanta»!". *almatv.kz* (in Russian). 4 October 2023. Archived from the original on 18 February 2024.
8. "Setanta to launch in Ukraine". *Broadband TV News*. 4 July 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
9. "Saima Telecom". *Facebook*. 11 November 2022. Archived from the original on 6 August 2023.
10. "Смотрите футбольные чемпионаты на O! TV". *Odnoklassniki* (in Russian). 11 November 2022. Archived from the original on 6 August 2023.
11. https://setantasports.com/basketball/setanta-sports-expands-in-baltics-adds-second-tv-channel/

## InfoBox

Setanta Sports Eurasia
| Logo since 2023 | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Georgia |
| Broadcast area | Armenia, Azerbaijan, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Philippines, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | English
Georgian
Kazakh
Kyrgyz
Latvian
Russian
Ukrainian |
| Picture format | 576i (SDTV)
1080i (HDTV) |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Eurasian Broadcasting Enterprise Ltd (2012–2021)
Adjarasport (2021–present) |
| History | |
| Launched | 2012 (2012)
26 September 2016 (2016-09-26) (Georgia)
1 August 2019 (2019-08-01) (Ukraine) |
| Links | |
| Website | www.сетанта.com |


title: Ravi J. Matthai

abstract: Ravi John Matthai (1927–1984) was an educationist and a professor and the first full-time Director of the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. He is also the co-founder, along with Dr. K. Varghese, of Institute of Rural Management, Anand.

text:
# Ravi J. Matthai

**Ravi John Matthai** (1927–1984) was an educationist and a professor and the first full-time Director of the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. He is also the co-founder, along with Dr. K. Varghese, of Institute of Rural Management, Anand.

## Early life, education

Ravi was born to a Syrian Anglican family in Kerala as the son of John Mathai, who served as India's first Railway Minister and subsequently as India's Finance Minister. The 'Father of the White Revolution' Verghese Kurien is his cousin.

He was educated at The Doon School, Dehradun and later graduated from University of Oxford with Bachelor of Arts (Hons.) in Economics. He began his career at a Calcutta based firm but later moved to the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta in 1963 as Professor of Marketing.

## Influence on IIM Ahmedabad \[IIMA\] after leaving IIM Calcutta

In 1965 Matthai was invited by noted Indian Institution builder and scientist Dr. Vikram Sarabhai to join IIMA as its first full-time Director. He was 38 years old at the time and did not have an advanced academic degree. Yet, over the next six years, he set the foundations for an institution that was to grow into a top-ranking management school in India.

A number of reasons are attributed to Matthai's enduring influence on IIMA:

* First, a clear sense of purpose. IIMA's concern, as Mathai put it, was "with the application of knowledge". This meant that the Institute would be involved in teaching, research and consulting. The impact "would be greatest if it were the combined result of all activities", so faculty must engage in all three activities. Matthai saw clearly that to focus merely on business would limit IIMA. It would also expose it to charges of being elitist in its orientation. IIMA's ambit needed to be wider: it would be an institute of management, not just a business school. It would develop expertise in important sectors, including agriculture.
* Secondly, Matthai's conviction that academic activities can flourish only when faculty are given the fullest freedom. In an academic institution, excellence cannot be ordered. It springs forth when people are given the space to grow and to express themselves freely.
* Thirdly, the idea of a faculty-governed institute where decision-making rests primarily with the faculty and not with the director or the board. An example is the admissions committee that is independent of the director. The mechanism has been crucial in insulating admissions from unhealthy influence.
* Fourthly, what is, perhaps, Matthai's greatest bequest to IIMA: the principle of a single term for the director.

After six years as director, Matthai announced his decision to step down and stay on as professor. He gave two reasons for doing so:first, leaders of academic institutions tended to use their positions for career advancement at an adverse cost to the institutions;secondly, it was important to establish the principle that the director's position is not hierarchical; he is only first among equals, which was *characteristically bold* of him, given the cultural milieu prevailing in leading academic institutions at that time.

## The Jawaja Experiment

In 1975, a few years after stepping down from IIMA's directorship, Matthai decided to test whether corporate management disciplines could be related to gut issues of Indian poverty. He selected Jawaja block which included about 200 villages with a population of approximately 80,000 people in a drought prone district of Rajasthan. The area was then regarded by the government authorities as devoid of any scope for development. Believing that people were the greatest resource for development, Matthai began to work with village communities on issues of livelihood and empowerment in an environment that was (and still remains) among India's most degraded and oppressive. Volunteers from IIMA and the National Institute of Design (NID) joined with local citizens in the search for livelihood options that could be sustained in the face of social, environmental and political challenges. Among them was Raaj Sah, subsequently Professor at the University of Chicago, who worked on the project during and after his MBA studies at IIMA. Among his contributions were that Ravi Matthai and he together were the first on the ground and, starting from nothing, they began structuring and implementing the work of poverty alleviation.

Languishing skills in weaving and leather work were selected in an effort to develop new opportunities for earning that could be outside the control of local vested interests while remaining rooted in familiar and tested capacities. The Jawaja Experiment thus began with Prof. Ravi Matthai leading a small group of volunteers to what seemed a barren patch of land with little resources and even less hope. Forty years later, the Jawaja Leather Association and the Jawaja Weaver's Association, linked as AAJ, continue their struggle for self-reliance and dignity. They have come a long way. The leather workers and weavers have won a degree of economic independence. Their products are reputed in India and in many parts of the world.

This experiential learning of running a gross root development project, led to the setting up of the Institute of Rural Management, Anand. Ravi Mathai, and two of his former IIMA colleagues, Kamala Chowdhary and Michael Halse are credited with conceptualising the need for an independent Institute of Rural Management. The institute was established in Anand, at the express invitation of Verghese Kurien, his cousin, then Chairman of the National Dairy Development Board. Ravi Mathai was associated in the initial years in various capacities - being a member on the Board, directly in teaching students, apart from informally mentoring the faculty.

## Honors

The National Institute of Design (NID) at Paldi, Ahmedabad, has a Ravi J Matthai Design Research Chair for 'design innovation for enriching school education, craft sectors and design research'. It focuses on developing a range of design research related projects and activities in this area.

The institute library at the Institute of Rural Management, Anand and the Centre for Educational Innovation at IIM Ahmedabad are named after him.

In 1986, IIMA established the Ravi J. Matthai Centre for Educational Innovation (RJMCEI), to conduct research and undertake training activities to influence the management of education systems in India.


abstract: Commercial driver's license training is a specialized instructional program or course designed to prepare a student to obtain a commercial driver's license (CDL), which is required for a career as a truck driver in the United States. During training, students are taught the necessary knowledge and skills to pass a series of tests to obtain their CDL. Such a program generally begins with classroom instruction geared towards passing the written exams for a CDL permit, a learner's permit that allows a student to practice driving skills on public roads with a CDL licensed driver or instructor. Students graduate from CDL training upon receiving their CDLs and proving that they can comfortably and safely drive and maneuver a truck. Most CDL training schools train drivers for a class A CDL, which allows the holder to drive a tractor trailer weighing over 26,000 pounds. Some CDL training schools incorporate truck driving simulators into their curriculum to help student drivers learn the basics of driving a truck — including shifting gears, braking, and parking. The CDL is issued by Department of Transportation (DoT). The minimum age for intrastate CDL is 18 years while for inter-state CDL is 21 years. There are different classes of CDL and endorsements along with it which are required to operate special types of vehicles. There are three basic types of truck driving schools: programs offered through community colleges, private truck driving schools and schools operated by trucking companies. Each type of program has different characteristics, so prospective students need to evaluate which type of school is right for them. The length of CDL training programs varies from school to school. Programs can range from a few weeks up to six months to complete, depending on whether the program is part-time or full-time. Each type of school can have advantages and disadvantages; for example, community college programs are often less expensive than private schools, but the private schools may offer faster completion with more flexibility in enrollment schedules. Community colleges may also offer more advanced facilities since campuses are developed and supported by the state in most cases. Private truck driving schools are in business to provide training, so they are often "results-oriented." Most private truck driving schools offer financial aid and job placement assistance. Some private schools work only with certain employers and provide training on behalf of those employers. This is known as "sponsored" or "contract" training. In this situation, some or all of the up-front costs of training are paid to the school by the employer, and the student reimburses the employer during a period of employment as a driver. This may be an option for students who wish to avoid up-front payment, but students should understand the legal and financial implications of this type of training. As with all financial commitments for CDL training schools, potential students should inquire about tuition and fees, loans, credit checks, and other terms and conditions that apply to attending any truck driving school. Schools operated by trucking companies can allow students to learn to drive with lower up-front costs, but there are conditions and obligations that go along with this arrangement. These programs are usually quicker than both private schools and community colleges. Drivers usually agree to drive for the carrier for at least a year in exchange for the training, and there can be tuition reimbursement costs and penalties for drivers who fail to complete this legal obligation. One advantage is that usually employment with the carrier that operates the school is guaranteed.

text:
# United States commercial driver's license training

**Commercial driver's license training** (or **CDL training**) is a specialized instructional program or course designed to prepare a student to obtain a commercial driver's license (CDL), which is required for a career as a truck driver in the United States. During training, students are taught the necessary knowledge and skills to pass a series of tests to obtain their CDL. Such a program generally begins with classroom instruction geared towards passing the written exams for a CDL permit, a learner's permit that allows a student to practice driving skills on public roads with a CDL licensed driver or instructor. Students graduate from CDL training upon receiving their CDLs and proving that they can comfortably and safely drive and maneuver a truck. Most CDL training schools train drivers for a class A CDL, which allows the holder to drive a tractor trailer weighing over 26,000 pounds. Some CDL training schools incorporate truck driving simulators into their curriculum to help student drivers learn the basics of driving a truck — including shifting gears, braking, and parking.

The CDL is issued by Department of Transportation (DoT). The minimum age for intrastate CDL is 18 years while for inter-state CDL is 21 years. There are different classes of CDL and endorsements along with it which are required to operate special types of vehicles.

There are three basic types of truck driving schools: programs offered through community colleges, private truck driving schools and schools operated by trucking companies. Each type of program has different characteristics, so prospective students need to evaluate which type of school is right for them. The length of CDL training programs varies from school to school. Programs can range from a few weeks up to six months to complete, depending on whether the program is part-time or full-time.

Each type of school can have advantages and disadvantages; for example, community college programs are often less expensive than private schools, but the private schools may offer faster completion with more flexibility in enrollment schedules. Community colleges may also offer more advanced facilities since campuses are developed and supported by the state in most cases.

Private truck driving schools are in business to provide training, so they are often "results-oriented." Most private truck driving schools offer financial aid and job placement assistance. Some private schools work only with certain employers and provide training on behalf of those employers. This is known as "sponsored" or "contract" training. In this situation, some or all of the up-front costs of training are paid to the school by the employer, and the student reimburses the employer during a period of employment as a driver. This may be an option for students who wish to avoid up-front payment, but students should understand the legal and financial implications of this type of training. As with all financial commitments for CDL training schools, potential students should inquire about tuition and fees, loans, credit checks, and other terms and conditions that apply to attending any truck driving school.

Schools operated by trucking companies can allow students to learn to drive with lower up-front costs, but there are conditions and obligations that go along with this arrangement. These programs are usually quicker than both private schools and community colleges (2–4 weeks). Drivers usually agree to drive for the carrier for at least a year in exchange for the training, and there can be tuition reimbursement costs and penalties for drivers who fail to complete this legal obligation. One advantage is that usually employment with the carrier that operates the school is guaranteed (as long as the student obtains a CDL and meets all hiring requirements upon completion of the training).

## Types of training courses

CDL training programs have three basic types of approval categories: licensed, certified, or accredited. Licensed schools have been reviewed by a state agency and have met the state's minimum school requirements (such as facilities, curriculum, instructors, financial, etc.). The school is regulated and licensed by the state agency, and must meet those requirements. Certified schools have been reviewed and inspected by a third party, usually an independent group that measures the school against industry standards. Graduates are expected to meet the minimum skills and knowledge standards for both the U.S. Department of Transportation and the trucking industry. Accreditation is an approval process conducted by an accrediting agency that has been authorized by the U.S. Department of Education to accredit schools that meet certain federal standards. There are only a handful of accredited CDL training programs in the United States. About 259,900 openings for heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers are projected each year. Trucking companies use these three categories to determine which schools they will hire.


title: Deyuanpi Holland Village

abstract: The Deyuanpi Holland Village is a resort in Liouying District, Tainan, Taiwan.

text:
# Deyuanpi Holland Village

The **Deyuanpi Holland Village** (traditional Chinese: 德元埤荷蘭村; simplified Chinese: 德元埤荷兰村; pinyin: *Déyuánpí Hélán Cūn*) is a resort in Liouying District, Tainan, Taiwan.

## History

The idea of the village establishment was originally proposed by Tainan County Magistrate Su Huan-chih in 2002. The funds for the construction was given by Environmental Protection Administration, Tourism Bureau and Construction and Planning Agency. The village was opened in 2010.

## Architecture

The village was constructed with Dutch architecture in the vicinity of Deyuanpi Reservoir. It features dairy products shop, plaza, pastures and a Dutch windmill.

## Facilities

The village is equipped with ferry pier, camping and barbecue ground.

## InfoBox

| Deyuanpi Holland Village | |
| --- | --- |
| 德元埤荷蘭村 | |
|  | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Architectural style | Dutch |
| Location | Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan |
| Coordinates | 23°15′50.5″N 120°20′23.8″E / 23.264028°N 120.339944°E / 23.264028; 120.339944 |
| Inaugurated | 2010 |


title: Takeshi Motomiya

abstract: Takeshi Motomiya is a multidisciplinary Japanese artist living in Barcelona since 1986. Throughout his career, he has worked within various visual arts disciplines that include painting, engraving, and sculpture. Characterized by his work of textures and natural pigment colors, his work is mainly based on abstract art and shows some attributes of figurativism and abstract expressionism, infused with ancient Japanese gods, biblical content, and Greek and Egyptian mythology. Raised and trained in Japan, and having lived in Paris before settling in Barcelona, Motomiya's work has been exhibited in several European cities such as Barcelona, Paris, Amsterdam and Mahón (Minorca). However the vast majority of his works are exhibited in his native country, Japan. Through his specialization in engraving and the subsequent creation of the Taller Nou studio, he has worked with national and international artists, such as Antoni Tàpies, Barry Flanagan, Balthus, Miquel Barceló and Perejaume. The studio has been acknowledged as one of the best printmaking studios in Spain.

text:
# Takeshi Motomiya

**Takeshi Motomiya** (Japanese: 本宮 健史 *Motomiya Takeshi* (Japanese pronunciation: \[motomʲija takeɕi\]), born 5 December 1959, Tokyo, Japan) is a multidisciplinary Japanese artist living in Barcelona since 1986. Throughout his career, he has worked within various visual arts disciplines that include painting, engraving, and sculpture. Characterized by his work of textures and natural pigment colors, his work is mainly based on abstract art and shows some attributes of figurativism and abstract expressionism, infused with ancient Japanese gods, biblical content, and Greek and Egyptian mythology.

Raised and trained in Japan, and having lived in Paris before settling in Barcelona, Motomiya's work has been exhibited in several European cities such as Barcelona, Paris, Amsterdam and Mahón (Minorca). However the vast majority of his works are exhibited in his native country, Japan.

Through his specialization in engraving and the subsequent creation of the Taller Nou studio, he has worked with national and international artists, such as Antoni Tàpies, Barry Flanagan, Balthus, Miquel Barceló and Perejaume. The studio has been acknowledged as one of the best printmaking studios in Spain.

## Early life and education

Takeshi Motomiya was born on 5 December 1959 in Shibuya, Tokyo. He was born into a highborn family of painters, and grew up surrounded by an artistic environment, between galleries and exhibitions. His grandmother, Migishi Setsuko (Japanese: 三岸 節子, 1905–1999), known as one of the pioneering Japanese women in oil painting, and his grandfather, Migishi Kōtarō (Japanese: 三岸 好太郎, 1903–1934), known as one of the first painters who began paintings by surrealism in Japan, were the main influential characters in Motomiya's interest towards the art world.

### Tokyo, Japan

He graduated in Fine Arts in 1982, with a master's degree specializing in engraving techniques in 1984 by the Tama Art University of Tokyo. Despite the fact that his academic background was focused on engraving, his personal development as an artist has matured above all in the area of painting.

### Paris, France

In 1984, with an invitation from his grandmother Setsuko who at the time was living in France, Motomiya undertook his first trip to Europe with the intention of getting to know the art of European museums. While residing in France, Motomiya travelled around Europe where he had the opportunity to exhibit alongside his grandparents, and his uncle in a joint exhibition at the Galerie d’Eendt in Amsterdam in 1986.

### Barcelona, Spain

It was that same year, in one of his European trips where Motomiya, at the age of 27, fell in love with the city of Barcelona, where he has been established since 1986. It was upon his settlement in Barcelona that Motomiya began to focus entirely on his painting.

## Career

Motomiya's work has been exhibited mainly in art galleries in Tokyo such as the Ueda Gallery, the Galerie 421, the 21+yo, the Okumura Gallery or the Libre Gallery. He has shown his work in art galleries across Japan as well; at the Yamaguchi Gallery in Chiba, and the Ecru-no-mori Gallery in Mishima. He has participated in several editions of the Nippon International Contemporary Art Fair, currently known as Art Fair Tokyo, and has exhibited at various editions of the Japan Art Dealers Association in Tokyo.

Outside Japan, Motomiya's work has been mostly exhibited in Europe, in cities such as Barcelona, Paris, Amsterdam and Mahón (Minorca) where he has been regularly exhibiting since 2012.

> "On my first meeting with Takeshi Motomiya, I instantly recognized, seeing his paintings and he, himself, before me, that he was the figure who appeared in them. \[...\] he is none other than an “artist painted by pictures.” He himself emerges out of the paintings he creates; there is no need for him to step out of the frame and proclaim his creed or explain the rationale behind his work. What people see when they look at his paintings is Takeshi Motomiya himself. It is enough for people to distinctly feel how this silent, reserved figure seems to be speaking loud and clear in the paintings."

– Makoto Ōoka, in *Poets and Artists*

During his first exhibition at the 5th NiCAF in 1997, Motomiya was introduced to the Japanese poet and literary critic, Makoto Ōoka (大岡 信, 1931–2017). After seeing Motomiya's work, Ōoka described him as the *artist painted by pictures,* which he later used as the title for the article in which he wrote about Motomiya's work. Ōoka who came to admire the artist's work, became a regular buyer of Motomiya's work. Today, some of those paintings are part of the private collection exhibited at the Ōoka Makoto Kotoba Museum, in Mishima, Shizuoka Prefecture.

In 2009, Motomiya began teaching printmaking techniques at the Escola Massana of Barcelona within the *Experimental Edition Course* of the Massana Permanent program. The course was taught until 2012.

## Work

Motomiya's work is known for his use of natural pigments that according to various processes the artist applies on wooden panels. At his studio in Barcelona, no tubes, no oils nor solvents but vivid shelves of colored jars. From black earth to marble powder, the whole range of shards - extracted from ashes, slag, ocher, minerals, iron oxides, walnut husks, tallow, or coal. Those are later milled and spread out, resulting in a crushed and abraded powder that impregnates the medium.

Despite the fact that most of his works are small in size, the titles of Motomiya's works reveal an immense and rich world of meanings that lie behind each painting. This is perhaps one of the most representative features of Motomiya's work. Countless layers of meaning that completely redefine the significance of the works from that which was initially perceived with the naked eye. What some art critics, writing on Motomiya's work, have defined as "Seeing is knowing, an exercise of intelligence".

Motomiya generally draws from his readings (Bible, Dante, Goethe ...) clues for reflection; expressions, proverbs, myths. Words that give color to the idea. While the figure is mostly absent from his paintings, reduced to surreptitious appearances, Motomiya gives us mute objects to meditate over like those of the Grail procession. Ashes, deities, and engulfed peoples, influenced with vanished and metamorphosed worlds, reveal their traces, anthropomorphism becoming abstraction, geometry. The works of Motomiya try to reflect the feeling of things.

## Taller Nou studio

After establishing in Barcelona, in 1989, while pursuing his work in painting, he founded, in partnership with an associate, the Taller Nou studio, which became a printmaking studio specializing in etching and engraving techniques for professional artists.

From the beginning of their early days as engravers, and for more than twenty years, they were the only engraving studio for the work of Catalan artist Antoni Tàpies. In fact, they remained working with him until the artist's passing in 2012, creating over 500 works. Apart from Tàpies, they have worked with many other national and international artists, among which are Barry Flanagan, Balthus, Miquel Barceló and Perejaume.

Originally located in the Gracia district of Barcelona, the studio has been referred to as one of the best printmaking studios in Spain. Their work has been exhibited in museums around the world such as the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) of New York, during the *Antoni Tàpies in Print* exhibition, or at the Musée Picasso Paris, during *Miquel Barceló, Sol y Sombra* exhibit in 2016 amongst others. In recent years, some works have also been featured in art auctions at major art houses such as Christie's and Bonhams.

## Selected works

\*Works from the private collection of the Ōoka Makoto Kotoba Museum, Mishima, Japan.

## Exhibitions

Selected solo and group exhibitions;

* 2021 – Group exhibition at Encant (Mahón, Minorca, Spain).
* 2020 – Solo exhibition at Yamaguchi Gallery (Chiba, Japan).
* 2017 – Solo exhibitions at Yamaguchi Gallery (Chiba, Japan), Libre Gallery (Tokyo, Japan) and Encant (Mahón, Minorca, Spain).
* 2016 – Solo exhibition at Galerie Couteron (Paris, France).
* 2014 – Solo exhibition at Libre Gallery (Tokyo, Japan).
* 2013 – Solo exhibition at Yamaguchi Gallery (Chiba, Japan).
* 2012 – Solo exhibitions at Gallery Ecru-no-mori (Mishima, Japan) and Encant (Mahón, Minorca, Spain)
* 2011 – Solo exhibition at Galerie 421 (Tokyo, Japan).
* 2010 – Solo exhibition at Yamaguchi Gallery (Chiba, Japan) and group exhibition at Encant (Mahón, Minorca, Spain).
* 2009 – Solo exhibition at Encant (Mahón, Minorca, Spain) and group exhibition at Punto Arte Gallery (Barcelona, Spain).
* 2008 – Solo exhibition at Okumura Gallery (Tokyo, Japan).
* 2006 – Solo exhibitions at Punto Arte Gallery (Barcelona, Spain) and Yamaguchi Gallery (Chiba, Japan). Group exhibition at Encant (Mahón, Minorca, Spain).
* 2005 – Solo exhibition at Gallery 21 + Yo (Tokyo, Japan) and group exhibitions at Punto Arte Gallery (Barcelona, Spain) and Encant (Mahón, Minorca, Spain).
* 2004 – Group exhibition at Punto Arte Gallery (Barcelona, Spain).
* 2003 – Solo exhibition at Encant (Mahón, Minorca, Spain).
* 2002 – Solo exhibition at Punto Arte Gallery (Barcelona, Spain).
* 2001 – Solo exhibition at the 7th NiCAF\* (Nippon International Contemporary Art Fair)(Tokyo, Japan) and group exhibition at JADA (Japan Art Dealers Association)(Tokyo, Japan).
* 2000 – Solo exhibition at Ueda Gallery (Tokyo, Japan) and group exhibition at JADA (Japan Art Dealers Association)(Tokyo, Japan).
* 1999 – Solo exhibitions at Ueda Gallery (Tokyo, Japan) and the 6th NiCAF\* (Nippon International Contemporary Art Fair)(Tokyo, Japan). Group exhibition at JADA (Japan Art Dealers Association)(Tokyo, Japan).
* 1998 – Solo exhibition at Ueda Gallery (Tokyo, Japan).
* 1997 – Solo exhibitions at the 5th NiCAF\* (Nippon International Contemporary Art Fair)(Tokyo, Japan) and Ueda Gallery (Tokyo, Japan).
* 1996 – Solo exhibition at Artara Gallery (Mahón, Minorca, Spain).
* 1993 – Group exhibition at Helena Ramos Gallery (Cadaqués, Spain).
* 1992 – Group exhibition at Helena Ramos Gallery (Cadaqués, Spain).
* 1991 – Group exhibition at Central Gallery (Sabadell, Spain).
* 1990 – Group exhibitions at Helena Ramos Gallery (Cadaqués, Spain), FIAC SAGA '90 (Paris, France) and Central Gallery (Sabadell, Spain).
* 1989 – Group exhibition at Helena Ramos Gallery (Cadaqués, Spain).

\*NICAF (Nippon International Contemporary Art Fair) – Currently known as Art Fair Tokyo.

## InfoBox

| Takeshi Motomiya | |
| --- | --- |
| 本宮健史 | |
| Motomiya in 2021 | |
| Born | (1959-12-05) 5 December 1959<br>Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan |
| Education | Tama Art University, Tokyo, Japan |
| Occupation | Professional artist |
| Years active | 1984–present |
| Known for | Painting, engraving |
| Style | Abstract art |
| Relatives |  |
| Website | takeshimotomiya.com |


title: Red Storm (film)

abstract: Red Storm is a 2019 Malaysian Mandarin-language action film. The film follows a bodyguard, a police officer and their team who have to take down a large human trafficking group in Malaysia in order to rescue the kidnapped daughter of a rich tycoon and other hostages. It was released on 5 February 2019 in Malaysia and Brunei.

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# Red Storm (film)

***Red Storm*** (Mandarin: 营救风暴) is a 2019 Malaysian Mandarin-language action film. The film follows a bodyguard, a police officer and their team who have to take down a large human trafficking group in Malaysia in order to rescue the kidnapped daughter of a rich tycoon and other hostages. It was released on 5 February 2019 in Malaysia and Brunei.

## Synopsis

Ru Nan (*Aijin Li*), daughter of a rich tycoon from China, is being targeted by one of the largest group of human traffickers in Asia. While she comes to Malaysia, her father assigns a Chinese ex-military, Hong Peng (*Zhang Bo Nan*) to be her bodyguard. The local police have also assigned a highly skilled police officer, Ah Bu (*Henry Thia*), to the case. Ah Bu is trying to solve the failed mission that happened recently which caused the death of his squad members. Unfortunately, the human traffickers still manages to kidnap Ru Nan. Now, the two, along with their team, will have to save the young woman and put an end to the group once and for all.

## Cast

* Henry Thia
* Zhang Bo Nan
* Aijin Li
* Michael Chuah
* Henley Hii
* Venice Min
* Tony Eusoff

## Production

The cost of the film is about RM3.5 million. The filming took place in Kuala Lumpur and Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan.

## InfoBox

| Red Storm | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Michael Chuah<br>Abi Salimin |
| Starring | * Henry Thia * Zhang Bo Nan * Aijin Li * Michael Chuah * Henley Hii |
| Distributed by | Mega Films Distribution Sdn Bhd |
| Release dates | * 5 February 2019 (2019-02-05) (Malaysia, Brunei) |
| Running time | 90 minutes |
| Country | Malaysia |
| Language | Mandarin |


title: Caecum swinneni

abstract: Caecum swinneni is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Caecidae.

text:
# Caecum swinneni

***Caecum swinneni*** is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Caecidae.

## Description

## Distribution

## InfoBox

| *Caecum swinneni* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Caecidae |
| Genus: | *Caecum* |
| Species: | ***C. swinneni*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Caecum swinneni***<br>(Nofroni, Pizzini & Oliverio, 1997) | |
|


title: Single whip law

abstract: The Single whip law or the "Single whip reform" was a fiscal law first instituted during the middle Ming dynasty, in the early 16th century, and then promulgated throughout the empire in 1580 by Zhang Juzheng. The measure aimed primarily to simplify the complex fiscal code under Ming law, by commuting most obligations towards the central government — from land and poll taxes to the labour obligations of the peasantry and the tributes of prefectural and county officials — into a single silver payment, at a level based on the population and cultivated land in each prefecture. Therefore, by reducing complexity, the Single Whip law reduced the costs of tax collection, while also increasing the tax base. The unit of tax collection was changed from rice to silver, which led to an increase in the import of silver into China from Japan and Spanish-controlled America. The Single Whip Law led to a temporary increase in European trade, but in the long term, contributed to the overthrow of the Ming dynasty by destabilizing the tax system. In regions not well integrated into the network of global trade, such as along the Ming northern border, silver was more expensive, making it harder for farmers to deliver upon their tax obligations. Underfunded local governments laid off soldiers and clerks from Northern border garrisons, some of who formed rebel groups which participated in rebellions starting in the Northwest in the 1620s. In order to put down these rebellions, the Ming Court sent eunuchs to wealthy areas, such as silk-weaving Suzhou, to impose new taxes. A tax on looms pushed weavers in Suzhou to revolt, spreading riots and arson to other crowded cities. With the implementation of the isolationist policy of Sakoku in Japan in the 1630s, barring foreign traders who facilitated the import of silver into China by exchanging Chinese manufactured goods such as silk, porcelain, and cotton thread in exchange for Japanese silver, the amount of silver entering China was limited. This was further exacerbated by the 1634-1636 decrease in the Spanish shipment of silver to Manila from Spanish-controlled America, which, coupled with the Ming government's decision to debase copper coinage, greatly increased the price of silver. It was one of the factors leading to the fall of the Ming dynasty.

text:
# Single whip law

The **Single whip law** or the "Single whip reform" (simplified Chinese: 一条鞭法; traditional Chinese: 一條鞭法; pinyin: *Yì Tiáo Biān Fǎ*) was a fiscal law first instituted during the middle Ming dynasty, in the early 16th century, and then promulgated throughout the empire in 1580 by Zhang Juzheng.

The measure aimed primarily to simplify the complex fiscal code under Ming law, by commuting most obligations towards the central government — from land and poll taxes to the labour obligations of the peasantry and the tributes of prefectural and county officials — into a single silver payment, at a level based on the population and cultivated land in each prefecture. Therefore, by reducing complexity, the Single Whip law reduced the costs of tax collection, while also increasing the tax base.

The unit of tax collection was changed from rice to silver, which led to an increase in the import of silver into China from Japan and Spanish-controlled America. The Single Whip Law led to a temporary increase in European trade, but in the long term, contributed to the overthrow of the Ming dynasty by destabilizing the tax system. In regions not well integrated into the network of global trade, such as along the Ming northern border, silver was more expensive, making it harder for farmers to deliver upon their tax obligations. Underfunded local governments laid off soldiers and clerks from Northern border garrisons, some of who formed rebel groups which participated in rebellions starting in the Northwest in the 1620s. In order to put down these rebellions, the Ming Court sent eunuchs to wealthy areas, such as silk-weaving Suzhou, to impose new taxes. A tax on looms pushed weavers in Suzhou to revolt, spreading riots and arson to other crowded cities. With the implementation of the isolationist policy of Sakoku in Japan in the 1630s, barring foreign traders who facilitated the import of silver into China by exchanging Chinese manufactured goods such as silk, porcelain, and cotton thread in exchange for Japanese silver, the amount of silver entering China was limited. This was further exacerbated by the 1634-1636 decrease in the Spanish shipment of silver to Manila from Spanish-controlled America, which, coupled with the Ming government's decision to debase copper coinage, greatly increased the price of silver. It was one of the factors leading to the fall of the Ming dynasty.

1. Flynn and Giraldez. *Born with a "Silver Spoon": The Origin of World Trade in 1571*.
2. Pfeffer, Richard (1973). *Understanding Business Contracts in China: 1949 - 1963*. ISBN 978-0-674-92095-8.
3. Bol, Peter K. "Global China: From the Mongols to the Ming".
4. Rossabi, Morris (2014). *A History of China*. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 264. ISBN 978-1-55786-078-1.


title: Carlyle Restaurant

abstract: The Carlyle Restaurant, formerly Dumonet at the Carlyle, is a Contemporary American cuisine restaurant located at 35 East 76th Street, in the back of the Carlyle Hotel, on the Upper East Side in Manhattan, in New York City. It was established in 1930.

text:
# Carlyle Restaurant

The **Carlyle Restaurant**, formerly **Dumonet at the Carlyle**, is a Contemporary American cuisine restaurant located at 35 East 76th Street (at Madison Ave), in the back of the Carlyle Hotel, on the Upper East Side in Manhattan, in New York City. It was established in 1930.

The Contemporary American cuisine is fresh and seasonal, and includes local items such as New Jersey scallops and Dover sole. The Executive Chef is Mark Richardson.

## Restaurant

The elegant, gracious, plush restaurant is decorated in the style of an English manor house. It seats 90 diners, and has dark mahogany decor lightened by large floral arrangements. *Zagats* described the restaurant as "Dorothy Draper"–esque. Jackets are required for dinner.

## Reviews

In 2013, *Zagats* gave it a food rating of 24, with a decor rating that was the second-highest on the Upper East Side, at 27.

In 2000, *Forbes* gave it four stars. In a 2002 review in *The New York Times*, entitled "A Frump Does Something About It", William Grimes gave it one star and wrote that: "The Carlyle Restaurant used to feel like one big frayed cuff. Now it takes its rightful place alongside the dining rooms in Manhattan's finest hotels." The following year he gave it two stars.

## InfoBox

| Carlyle Restaurant | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Restaurant information | |
| Established | 1930 (1930) |
| Head chef | Mark Richardson |
| Food type | Contemporary American cuisine |
| Dress code | Jackets required for dinner. |
| Street address | 35 East 76th Street (at Madison Ave), on the Upper East Side, in Manhattan |
| City | New York |
| State | New York |
| Postal/ZIP Code | 10021 |
| Country | United States |
| Coordinates | 40°46′28″N 73°57′47″W / 40.774371°N 73.96318°W / 40.774371; -73.96318 |
| Seating capacity | 90 |
| Website | www.rosewoodhotels.com |


title: Ravi Khanna

abstract: Ravi Khanna is an Indian actor, journalist and writer. Ravi Khanna is a Mumbai-based international character actor who spent more than 24 years as a radio and TV journalist in the Voice of America Newsroom in USA, after doing 10 years of theater in New Delhi during the 1970s. He starred in Arrange to Settle. After his return from USA to Mumbai in 2015, he picked up his acting career with a crucial role in that year's blockbuster Bajrangi Bhaijaan with Salman Khan in the lead. He also acted in an English play by Tom Stoppard called Indian Ink staged by the Studio Theater and won an award for his acting.

text:
# Ravi Khanna

**Ravi Khanna** (born 15 March 1957) is an Indian actor, journalist and writer.

Ravi Khanna is a Mumbai-based international character actor who spent more than 24 years as a radio and TV journalist in the Voice of America Newsroom in USA, after doing 10 years of theater in New Delhi during the 1970s. He starred in Arrange to Settle. After his return from USA to Mumbai in 2015, he picked up his acting career with a crucial role in that year's blockbuster *Bajrangi Bhaijaan* with Salman Khan in the lead. He also acted in an English play by Tom Stoppard called *Indian Ink* staged by the Studio Theater and won an award for his acting.

## InfoBox

| Ravi Khanna | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 15 March 1957<br>Delhi, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Occupation(s) | Actor, journalist, writer |