title: Pontus Leijon

abstract: Per Henrik Pontus Leijon is a Swedish professional golfer and former Challenge Tour player.

text:
# Pontus Leijon

**Per Henrik Pontus Leijon** (born 27 October 1978) is a Swedish professional golfer and former Challenge Tour player.

## Career

Leijon was a promising junior golfer and represented Örkelljunga Golf Club. He won the 1998 Swedish Junior Matchplay Championship at Lyckorna Golf Club and joined the Swedish Golf Tour in 1999. He turned professional in 2001, and attended European Tour Qualifying School from 2002.

His breakthrough came in 2006, when he was runner-up at the Winter Series #3 in Portugal and Hansabanka Baltic Open in Latvia, before winning the Aller Masters in Denmark and the Telia Tour Final at Rya Golf Club. He topped the Nordic Golf League Order of Merit to graduate to the Challenge Tour. His best finish as a rookie on the Challenge Tour was a tie for 8th at the NÖ Open in Austria. He finished 95th in the rankings to keep playing in 2008.

Leijon was runner-up to Jonas Blixt at Lyckorna Scratch in 2008, and he won the 2010 Titleist Trophy at La Manga Club in Spain. In 2012, he recorded several runner-up finishes, including at the Söderby Masters and Finnish Open. He also lost a playoff to Johan Carlsson at the Nordea Tour Championship, to finish fourth in the Nordic Golf League Order of Merit and again earn promotion to the Challenge Tour.

He retired from tour after the 2013 Black Mountain Invitational in Thailand.

## Personal life

Leijon competed as **Pontus Ericsson** until he married fellow professional golfer Hanna-Sofia Leijon to settle in Kungsbacka Municipality near Gothenburg.

## Amateur wins

Source:

## Professional wins (3)

### Nordic Golf League wins (2)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of
victory | Runner-up |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 9 Aug 2006 | Aller Masters | −19 (66-65-66=197) | 4 strokes | Jaakko Mäkitalo |
| 2 | 17 Mar 2010 | Titleist Trophy | −8 (73-66-72=211) | 1 stroke | Mårten Milling |

### Swedish Golf Tour wins (1)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of
victory | Runners-up |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 6 Oct 2006 | Telia Tour Final | −11 (65-68-69=202) | 4 strokes | Fredrik Hammarberg,  Robert Wahlin |

## InfoBox

| Pontus Leijon | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| **Full name** | Per Henrik Pontus Leijon |
| **Born** | (1978-10-27) 27 October 1978
Örkelljunga, Sweden |
| **Height** | 178 cm (5 ft 10 in) |
| **Sporting nationality** | Sweden |
| **Residence** | Kungsbacka, Sweden |
| Career | |
| **Turned professional** | 2001 |
| **Former tour(s)** | Challenge Tour
Nordic Golf League
Swedish Golf Tour |
| **Professional wins** | 3 |
| Achievements and awards | |
| Nordic Golf League
Order of Merit winner 2006  PGA of Sweden
Future Fund Award 2007 | |


title: Saint-Placide, Quebec

abstract: Saint-Placide is a municipality in the Laurentides region of Quebec, Canada, part of the Deux-Montagnes Regional County Municipality, along the north shore of the Ottawa River.

text:
# Saint-Placide, Quebec

**Saint-Placide** (French pronunciation: \[sɛ̃ plasid\]) is a municipality in the Laurentides region of Quebec, Canada, part of the Deux-Montagnes Regional County Municipality, along the north shore of the Ottawa River.

## History

In 1780, the first European settlers arrived here. In 1848, the Parish of Saint-Placide was formed when it was separated from the parish of Saint-Benoît. The new parish name was undoubtedly chosen because Saint Placide, a monk of the sixth century, was a disciple of Saint Benedict. In 1853, its post office opened, and in 1855, the Parish Municipality of Saint-Placide was formed.

A wharf, built in 1867, allowed vessels of the Ottawa River Navigation Company to take delivery of wheat at that time in the region.

In 1950, the Village Municipality of Saint-Placide was formed when it separated from the Parish Municipality, and was surrounded by the latter's territory. On August 3, 1994, these municipalities were rejoined again to form the new Municipality of Saint-Placide.

## Transportation

Highway 344 passes through Saint-Placide. The Oka Express goes to the Deux-Montagnes station and Terminus Saint-Eustache

## Demographics

Population trend:

* Population in 2011: 1715 (2006 to 2011 population change: 4.4%)
* Population in 2006: 1642 (2001 to 2006 population change: 6.8%)
* Population in 2001: 1537
* Population in 1996: 1479
* Population in 1991: 1387 (adjusted for boundary changes)

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents: 716 (total dwellings: 862)

Mother tongue:

* English as first language: 1.2%
* French as first language: 96%
* English and French as first language: 0.6%
* Other as first language: 2.2%

## Education

The Commission scolaire de la Seigneurie-des-Mille-Îles (CSSMI) operates Francophone public schools.

* École de l'Amitié

École secondaire d'Oka in Oka provides secondary education.

The Sir Wilfrid Laurier School Board operates Anglophone public schools. Mountainview Elementary School and Saint Jude Elementary School, both in Deux-Montagnes, serve this community. Lake of Two Mountains High School is the zoned high school.

## Notable people from Saint-Placide

## InfoBox

| Saint-Placide | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location within Deux-Montagnes RCM. | |
| Saint-PlacideLocation in central Quebec. | |
| Coordinates: 45°32′N 74°12′W / 45.533°N 74.200°W / 45.533; -74.200 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Quebec |
| Region | Laurentides |
| RCM | Deux-Montagnes |
| Settled | 1780 |
| Constituted | August 3, 1994 |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Denis Lavigne |
| Federal riding | Argenteuil—Papineau—Mirabel |
| Prov. riding | Mirabel |
| Area | |
| Total | 62.10 km2 (23.98 sq mi) |
| Land | 43.12 km2 (16.65 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 1,715 |
| Density | 39.8/km2 (103/sq mi) |
| Pop 2006-2011 | 4.4% |
| Dwellings | 862 |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (EST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Postal code(s) | J0V 2B0 |
| Area code(s) | 450 and 579 |
| Highways | R-344 |
| Website | www.municipalite.saint-placide.qc.ca |


title: Rossby number

abstract:
The Rossby number (Ro), named for Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby, is a dimensionless number used in describing fluid flow. The Rossby number is the ratio of inertial force to Coriolis force, terms | v ⋅ ∇ v | ∼ U 2 / L and Ω × v ∼ U Ω in the Navier–Stokes equations respectively. It is commonly used in geophysical phenomena in the oceans and atmosphere, where it characterizes the importance of Coriolis accelerations arising from planetary rotation. It is also known as the Kibel number. The Rossby number is defined as
  - Ro = U L f, where U and L are respectively characteristic velocity and length scales of the phenomenon, and f = 2 Ω sin  ϕ is the Coriolis frequency, with Ω being the angular frequency of planetary rotation, and ϕ the latitude. A small Rossby number signifies a system strongly affected by Coriolis forces, and a large Rossby number signifies a system in which inertial and centrifugal forces dominate. For example, in tornadoes, the Rossby number is large, in low-pressure systems it is low, and in oceanic systems it is of the order of unity, but depending on the phenomena can range over several orders of magnitude. As a result, in tornadoes the Coriolis force is negligible, and balance is between pressure and centrifugal forces. Cyclostrophic balance also commonly occurs in the inner core of a tropical cyclone. In low-pressure systems, centrifugal force is negligible, and balance is between Coriolis and pressure forces. In the oceans all three forces are comparable. For a figure showing spatial and temporal scales of motions in the atmosphere and oceans, see Kantha and Clayson. When the Rossby number is large, the effects of planetary rotation are unimportant and can be neglected. When the Rossby number is small, then the effects of planetary rotation are large, and the net acceleration is comparably small, allowing the use of the geostrophic approximation.

text:
# Rossby number

The **Rossby number** (**Ro**), named for Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby, is a dimensionless number used in describing fluid flow. The Rossby number is the ratio of inertial force to Coriolis force, terms $|\mathbf {v} \cdot \nabla \mathbf {v} |\sim U^{2}/L$ and $\Omega \times \mathbf {v} \sim U\Omega $ in the Navier–Stokes equations respectively. It is commonly used in geophysical phenomena in the oceans and atmosphere, where it characterizes the importance of Coriolis accelerations arising from planetary rotation. It is also known as the **Kibel number**.

The Rossby number (Ro, not Ro) is defined as

$$\text{Ro}={\frac {U}{Lf},}$$

where *U* and *L* are respectively characteristic velocity and length scales of the phenomenon, and $f=2\Omega \sin \phi $ is the Coriolis frequency, with $\Omega $ being the angular frequency of planetary rotation, and $\phi $ the latitude.

A small Rossby number signifies a system strongly affected by Coriolis forces, and a large Rossby number signifies a system in which inertial and centrifugal forces dominate. For example, in tornadoes, the Rossby number is large (≈ 103), in low-pressure systems it is low (≈ 0.1–1), and in oceanic systems it is of the order of unity, but depending on the phenomena can range over several orders of magnitude (≈ 10−2–102). As a result, in tornadoes the Coriolis force is negligible, and balance is between pressure and centrifugal forces (called *cyclostrophic balance*). Cyclostrophic balance also commonly occurs in the inner core of a tropical cyclone. In low-pressure systems, centrifugal force is negligible, and balance is between Coriolis and pressure forces (called *geostrophic balance*). In the oceans all three forces are comparable (called *cyclogeostrophic balance*). For a figure showing spatial and temporal scales of motions in the atmosphere and oceans, see Kantha and Clayson.

When the Rossby number is large (either because *f* is small, such as in the tropics and at lower latitudes; or because *L* is small, that is, for small-scale motions such as flow in a bathtub; or for large speeds), the effects of planetary rotation are unimportant and can be neglected. When the Rossby number is small, then the effects of planetary rotation are large, and the net acceleration is comparably small, allowing the use of the geostrophic approximation.

## References and notes

## Further reading

For more on numerical analysis and the role of the Rossby number, see:

For an historical account of Rossby's reception in the United States, see


title: 1864 National Union National Convention

abstract: The 1864 National Union National Convention was the United States presidential nominating convention of the National Union Party, which was a name adopted by the main faction of the Republican Party in a coalition with many, if not most, War Democrats after some Republicans and War Democrats nominated John C. Frémont over Lincoln. During the Convention, the party officially called for the end of the ongoing Civil War, the eradication of slavery and the adoption of the Emancipation Proclamation.

text:
# 1864 National Union National Convention

The **1864 National Union National Convention** was the United States presidential nominating convention of the National Union Party, which was a name adopted by the main faction of the Republican Party in a coalition with many, if not most, War Democrats after some Republicans and War Democrats nominated John C. Frémont over Lincoln. During the Convention, the party officially called for the end of the ongoing Civil War, the eradication of slavery and the adoption of the Emancipation Proclamation.

## Background

The party name was created in May 1864, during the Civil War, ahead of the 1864 presidential election, in which President Abraham Lincoln, then a Republican, was running for reelection.

The Radical Republicans, a hard-line faction within Lincoln's own party, held the belief that Lincoln was incompetent and therefore could not be re-elected and had already formed a party called the *Radical Democracy Party*, for which a few hundred delegates had convened in Cleveland, Ohio, on May 31, 1864. They eventually nominated John C. Frémont, who had been the Republicans' first presidential nominee during the 1856 election. It was hoped that this act would cause someone other than Lincoln to gain the Republican nomination.

Republicans loyal to Lincoln created a new name for their party at the convention in Baltimore, Maryland, during the first week in June 1864, in order to accommodate the War Democrats who supported the war and wished to separate themselves from the Copperheads. The convention dropped then-Vice President Hannibal Hamlin, a Radical Republican from the ticket, and chose War Democrat Andrew Johnson as Lincoln's running mate. The National Unionists hoped that the new party and the Lincoln–Johnson ticket would stress the national character of the war.

## Party platform

The party supported a Platform of 11 resolutions. Several resolutions were notable as they specified that the cause of the Civil War was slavery, called for slavery's eradication from the union, called for the complete destruction of the Confederacy, opened military enlistment to freed slaves, adopted the Emancipation Proclamation, and supported an increase in foreign immigration and asylum as just policy. Dennis Francis Murphy, member of the Official Corps of Reporters for the U.S. Senate, transcribed the unveiling of, and response to, the resolutions:

> 1. Resolved, That it is the highest duty of every American citizen to maintain against all their enemies the integrity of the Union and the paramount authority of the Constitution and laws of the United States; and that, laying aside all differences of political opinion, we pledge ourselves, as Union men, animated by a common sentiment and aiming at a common object, to do everything in our power to aid the Government in quelling by force of arms the Rebellion now raging against its authority, and in bringing to the punishment due to their crimes the Rebels and traitors arrayed against it.
>
> 2. Resolved, That we approve the determination of the Government of the United States not to compromise with Rebels, or to offer them any terms of peace, except such as may be based upon an unconditional surrender of their hostility and a return to their just allegiance to the Constitution and laws of the United States, and that we call upon the Government to maintain this position, and to prosecute the war with the utmost possible vigor to the complete suppression of the Rebellion, in full reliance upon the self-sacrificing patriotism, the heroic valor and the undying devotion of the American people to their country and its free institutions.
>
> 3. Resolved, That as Slavery was the cause, and now constitutes the strength, of this Rebellion, and as it must be, always and everywhere, hostile to the principles of Republican Government, justice and the National safety demand its utter and complete extirpation from the soil of the Republic : — and that, while we uphold and maintain the acts and proclamations by which the Government, in its own defence, has aimed a death-blow at this gigantic evil, we are in favor, furthermore, of such an amendment to the Constitution, to be made by the people in conformity with its provisions, as shall terminate and forever prohibit the existence of Slavery within the limits or the jurisdiction of the United States.
>
> 4. Resolved, That the thanks of the American people are due to the soldiers and sailors of the Army and Navy, who have periled their lives in defence of their country and in vindication of the honor of its flag; that the nation owes to them some permanent recognition of their patriotism and their valor, and ample and permanent provision for those of their survivors who have received disabling and honorable wounds in the service of the country; and that the memories of those who have fallen in its defence shall be held in grateful and everlasting remembrance.
>
> 5. Resolved, That we approve and applaud the practical wisdom, the unselfish patriotism and the unswerving fidelity to the Constitution and the principles of American liberty, with which Abraham Lincoln has discharged, under circumstances of unparalleled difficulty, the great duties and responsibilities of the Presidential office; that we approve and endorse, as demanded by the emergency and essential to the preservation of the nation and as within the provisions of the Constitution, the measures and acts which he has adopted to defend the nation against its open and secret foes: that we approve, especially, the Proclamation of Emancipation, and the employment as Union soldiers of men heretofore held in slavery ; and that we have full confidence in his determination to carry these and all other Constitutional measures, essential to the salvation of the country into full and complete effect.
>
> 6. Resolved, That we deem it essential to the general welfare that harmony should prevail in the National Councils, and we regard as worthy of public confidence and official trust those only who cordially endorse the principles proclaimed in these resolutions, and which should characterize the administration of the Government.
>
> 7. Resolved, That the Government owes to all men employed in its armies, without regard to distinction of color, the full protection of the laws of war — and that any violation of these laws, or of the usages of civilized nations in time of war, by the Rebels now in arms, should be made the subject of prompt and full redress.
>
> 8. Resolved, That foreign immigration, which in the past has added so much to the wealth, development of resources and increase of power to this nation, the asylum of the oppressed of all nations, should be fostered and encouraged by a liberal and just policy.
>
> 9. Resolved. That we are in favor of the speedy construction of the Railroad to the Pacific coast.
>
> 10. Resolved, That the National faith, pledged for the redemption of the public debt, must be kept inviolate, and that for this purpose we recommend economy and rigid responsibility in the public expenditures, and a vigorous and just system of taxation; and that it is the duty of every loyal State to sustain the credit and promote the use of the National currency.
>
> 11. Resolved, That we approve the position taken by the Government that the people of the United States can never regard with indifference the attempt of any European Power to overthrow by force or to supplant by fraud the institutions of any Republican Government on the Western Continent — and that they will view with extreme jealousy, as menacing to the peace and independence of their own country, the efforts of any such power to obtain new footholds for Monarchial Governments, sustained by foreign military force, in near proximity to the United States.

## Presidential nomination

### Presidential candidates

On the first ballot, Missouri delegates cast their 22 votes for General Ulysses S. Grant. The Missourians quickly changed their votes to make Lincoln's renomination unanimous.

| **Presidential Ballot** | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1st (Before Shifts) | 1st (After Shifts) |
| Lincoln | 494 | 516 |
| Grant | 22 | 0 |
| Not Voting | 3 | 3 |

**Presidential Balloting / 2nd Day of Convention (June 8, 1864)**

## Vice Presidential nomination

### Vice Presidential candidates

Though Hamlin was willing to serve another term as vice president, he privately made it known that he was willing to step aside if a candidate who would be a greater electoral asset to Lincoln could be found. The convention therefore nominated Andrew Johnson, the military governor of Tennessee. Lincoln had refused to weigh in on his preferred running mate, and the convention chose to nominate Johnson, a Southern War Democrat, in order to boost the party's appeal to Unionists of both parties.

| **Vice Presidential Ballot** | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1st (Before Shifts) | 1st (After Shifts) |
| Johnson | 200 | 492 |
| Hamlin | 150 | 9 |
| Dickinson | 108 | 17 |
| Butler | 28 | 0 |
| Rousseau | 21 | 0 |
| Colfax | 6 | 0 |
| Burnside | 2 | 0 |
| Holt | 2 | 0 |
| King | 1 | 0 |
| Tod | 1 | 1 |

**Vice Presidential Balloting / 2nd Day of Convention (June 8, 1864)**

## Lincoln's acceptance

In keeping with the tradition of the time, Lincoln did not attend the convention. On hearing the news of his re-nomination, he wrote on June 9, 1864:

> I am very grateful for the renewed confidence which has been accorded to me, both by the convention and by the National \[Union\] League. I am not insensible at all to the personal compliment there is in this; yet I do not allow myself to believe that any but a small portion of it is to be appropriated as a personal compliment. The convention and the nation, I am assured, are alike animated by a higher view of the interests of the country for the present and the great future, and that part I am entitled to appropriate as a compliment is only that part which I may lay hold of as being the opinion of the convention and of the League, that I am not entirely unworthy to be instructed with the place I have occupied for the last three years. I have not permitted myself, gentlemen, to conclude that I am the best man in the country; but I am reminded, in this connection, of a story of an old Dutch farmer, who remarked to a companion once that "it was not best to swap horses when crossing streams."

| Preceded by
**1860
Chicago** | **Republican National Conventions** | Succeeded by
**1868
Chicago** |
| --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

1864 National Union National Convention
| 1864 presidential election
 | |
| --- | --- |
| Nominees
Lincoln and Johnson | |
| Convention | |
| Date(s) | *National Union*
June 78, 1864 |
| City | Baltimore, Maryland |
| Venue | Front Street Theatre |
| Candidates | |
| Presidential nominee | Abraham Lincoln of Illinois |
| Vice-presidential nominee | Andrew Johnson of Tennessee |
|


title: Day of the Dead EP

abstract: Day of the Dead is an EP by Dog Fashion Disco released in June 2004. It is named after the first track. This EP has been long out of print and copies have sold as high as $300 on eBay. Most copies are autographed as the band gave a signed copy to every fan who donated at least $3 to get their tour bus repaired. Day of the Dead has recently been re-released on iTunes and was released in the Beating a Dead Horse to Death... Again compilation.

text:
# Day of the Dead EP

***Day of the Dead*** is an EP by Dog Fashion Disco released in June 2004. It is named after the first track. This EP has been long out of print and copies have sold as high as $300 on eBay. Most copies are autographed as the band gave a signed copy to every fan who donated at least $3 to get their tour bus repaired. Day of the Dead has recently been re-released on iTunes and was released in the *Beating a Dead Horse to Death... Again* compilation.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Day of the Dead" | 3:48 |
| 2. | "Baby Satan" | 3:24 |
| 3. | "Gardenia" | 3:45 |
| 4. | "Rat on a Sinking Ship" | 3:19 |
| Total length: | | 14:16 |

## Credits

* Todd Smith \- Vocals
* Jasan Stepp - Guitar
* Jeff Siegel - Keyboards
* Brian "Wendy" White - Bass
* Mike "Ollie" Oliver - Drums
* Matt Rippetoe - Saxophone & Flute

## InfoBox

| Day of the Dead EP | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Dog Fashion Disco | |
| Released | June 2004 |
| Length | 14:16 |
| Label | Self Released While Shopping For Labels |
| Dog Fashion Disco chronology | |
| *Committed to a Bright Future*
(2003) ***Day of the Dead EP***
(2004) *The City Is Alive Tonight...Live in Baltimore*
(2005) | |


title: Day of the Dog

abstract: Day of the Dog is the second album by Australian hip hop group Bliss n Eso. It was released via Illusive Sounds in March 2006 in both vinyl and CD formats. The title is a metaphor for Australian hip hop being the 'underdog' of the Australian music industry, and affirming that it is now time for it to rise up. It reached the top 50 on the ARIA Albums Chart.

text:
# Day of the Dog

***Day of the Dog*** is the second album by Australian hip hop group Bliss n Eso. It was released via Illusive Sounds in March 2006 in both vinyl and CD formats. The title is a metaphor for Australian hip hop being the 'underdog' of the Australian music industry, and affirming that it is now time for it to rise up. It reached the top 50 on the ARIA Albums Chart.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Australian Music Online | (8/10) |

*Day of the Dog* peaked at No. 45 on the ARIA Albums Chart in March 2006.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Jonathon Notley and Max MacKinnon, except where noted

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The Dreamer" | 0:51 |
| 2. | "It's Working" (J. Warburton) | 4:08 |
| 3. | "Up Jumped the Boogie" | 3:57 |
| 4. | "Then Till Now" (Xavier Millis) | 3:47 |
| 5. | "Coppin' It Sweet" (J. Lloyd) | 3:54 |
| 6. | "Get Your Boof On" (Millis)) | 4:17 |
| 7. | "Get Loose (featuring Hyjak)" (J McCarthy, Nathwani) | 3:30 |
| 8. | "Mad Tight" (Warburton) | 3:39 |
| 9. | "Nowhere But Up" | 3:19 |
| 10. | "Watch Your Mouth (featuring Mystro)" | 3:56 |
| 11. | "Party at My Place (featuring Motley)" (Warburton) | 4:18 |
| 12. | "Evening Breeze" (Jhi Smith, Hugh Vassall, Daniel Mascord) | 3:11 |
| 13. | "That Feeling" (Mark Landon) | 3:50 |
| 14. | "Lights Camera Action" (Millis) | 3:59 |
| 15. | "Soldier On (featuring Kye)" (Lloyd) | 9:58 |
| 16. | "Good Mourning Australia" | 4:36 |

## Personnel

* MC Bliss (2–5, 7–8, 10, 11, 13–16)
* BNAproductions (16)
* DJ Hoppa (3)
* M-Phazes – production (13)
* Motley (2, 8, 11)
* N.U.G. (3)
* Rocc (12)
* SeFu (12)
* Suffa (10)
* Trax (7)
* Trillion (5, 15)
* Weapon X (4–6, 8–9, 12, 14, 15)
* Wika (16)

## Charts

| Chart (2006) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 45 |

## InfoBox

| Day of the Dog | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Bliss n Eso | |
| Released | 4 March 2006 |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Length | 68:12 |
| Label | Illusive Sounds |
| Producer | Weapon X, Motley, DJ Hoppa, Suffa, Trillion, Trax, M-Phazes, Se-Fu, Rocc, Wika, Bliss |
| Bliss n Eso chronology | |
| *Flowers in the Pavement*
(2004) ***Day of the Dog***
(2006) *Flying Colours*
(2008) | |


title: De Stentor

abstract:
De Stentor is a Zwolle-based Dutch regional newspaper, appearing in several editions, in the Eastern part of the Netherlands. It is owned by DPG Media. The Stentor has 10 regional editions:
  - West-Veluwe
  - Deventer
  - Salland
  - Zutphen & Achterhoek
  - Zwolle
  - Vechtdal
  - Kampen-Flevoland
  - Veluwe
  - Kop van Overijssel

text:
# De Stentor

***De Stentor*** is a Zwolle-based Dutch regional newspaper, appearing in several editions, in the Eastern part of the Netherlands. It is owned by DPG Media (formerly De Persgroep).

The Stentor has 10 regional editions:

* West-Veluwe
* Deventer
* Salland
* Zutphen & Achterhoek
* Zwolle
* Vechtdal
* Kampen-Flevoland
* Veluwe
* Kop van Overijssel

## Distribution

Annual paid distribution was:

* 2003: 158,987
* 2010: 121,551
* 2011: 116,043 (-4.5%)
* 2012: 111,596 (-3.8%)
* 2013: 104,687 (-6.2%)
* 2014: 99,375 (-5.1%)
* 2015: 93,065 (-6.3%)
* 2016: 90,313 (-3.0%)
* 2017: 87,510 (-3.1%)


title: De Stratemakeropzeeshow

abstract: De Stratemakeropzeeshow was a Dutch children's television programme that ran from 1972 to 1974 and was aired by the VARA broadcasting organization. De Stratemakeropzeeshow is regarded as one of the finest Dutch children's television shows for its absurdist and taboo-breaking sketches. The show was regarded controversial because it tackled topics what were then considered not morally acceptable and for its song "Poop and Pee Minuet". After the death of Aart Staartjes in early 2020, television critics argued that the programme had forever changed Dutch children's television, freeing the genre of adult morals.

text:
# De Stratemakeropzeeshow

***De Stratemakeropzeeshow*** (English: *The road worker at sea show*) was a Dutch children's television programme that ran from 1972 to 1974 and was aired by the VARA broadcasting organization.

*De Stratemakeropzeeshow* is regarded as one of the finest Dutch children's television shows for its absurdist and taboo-breaking sketches. The show was regarded controversial because it tackled topics what were then considered not morally acceptable and for its song "Poop and Pee Minuet". After the death of Aart Staartjes in early 2020, television critics argued that the programme had forever changed Dutch children's television, freeing the genre of adult morals.

## History

The show aired at a time when Dutch children's television was changing. The previous generation watched Annie M. G. Schmidt's shows, but the writers of *De Stratemakeropzeeshow* dealt much more openly with children's problems, in a way deemed more relevant to children than previous television shows.

*De Stratenmakeropzeeshow* was first broadcast on 3 October 1972. After the first set of episodes, the show received backlash from critics and viewers for its non-traditionality. A critic from *De tijd* said that the show used too much adult humour to be considered a children's programme. On 24 October 1972, *De Telegraaf* published two individual television viewers' letters that complained about the use of vulgar language in the broadcast of 17 October. One month later, another viewer complained in *Het Parool* about the lack of morals in the show.

Due to widespread critique and controversy, VARA considered cancelling the show after its first six trial episodes. The broadcaster reconsidered this after children wrote letters to VARA, begging for more episodes. Its second series started on 8 May 1973 and consisted of eight episodes, and a third series started in September 1973, making the show the most broadcast children's programme at the time. While the initial episodes received backlash from critics, the appreciation of the series increased alongside its popularity.

In December 1974, the show's director Frans Boelen announced the show's cancellation as producing one show a week had become too physically draining for the creators and the cast. However, some argue that the continuous complaints of viewers also played a role in the show's eventual cancellation.

In 2009, the show was added to the *Canon van zestig jaar kindertelevisie*, a list of the most important Dutch children's programmes ever made.

## Cast and characters

The main actors were Joost Prinsen, Aart Staartjes, and Wieteke van Dort. It was directed by Staartjes and Frans Boelen, with music by Harry Bannink. Important lyrical contributions were by Willem Wilmink; other lyricists were Karel Eykman (writing as Hendrik Blaak) and Hans Dorrestijn.

Joost Prinsen's main character was *Erik Engerd* (free translation *Eerie Eric*), an alter ego that still stuck to the actor for years after. Eric always tried to scare others, but scared no one but himself.

Wieteke van Dort's *Deftige Dame* (*Posh Lady*) farted continually; this show and others made van Dort the "uncrowned queen of Dutch children's television". Her character "Tante Lien", which later got her own show, was introduced in *De Stratemakeropzeeshow*.

Aart Staartjes played the title character *Stratemaker op zee* (*Road worker at sea*), abbreviated *Straat*. His character represented the naive and uninhibited child who commented on the way adults lived their lives. Staartjes created the character after a conversation he once had with his uncle as a child. Staartjes asked his uncle what would become of him when he would be older, to which his uncle responded: "You will be nothing. You will become a road worker at sea.".

## Other collaborators

## Songs

Some of the songs from the show have become classics. A number of them were performed in 2006 and 2007 by Michiel Flamman and others.

### Notable songs

* "Poep en piesmenuet" ("Poop and Pee Minuet")
* "Je bent een liegbeest, een jokkenbrok" ("You're a liar")
* "Jongen, eet nou door" ("Son, please finish your dinner")

## InfoBox

| *De Stratemakeropzeeshow* | |
| --- | --- |
| Joost Prinsen, Wieteke van Dort and Aart Staartjes during the taping of "Je bent een liegbeest". | |
| Genre | Comedy
Children's television |
| Directed by | Frans Boelen |
| Starring | Aart Staartjes
Wieteke van Dort
Joost Prinsen |
| Composer | Harry Bannink |
| Country of origin | Netherlands |
| Original language | Dutch |
| Production | |
| Production company | VARA |
| Original release | |
| Network | Nederland 1 |
| Release | 3 October 1972 (1972-10-03)
26 December 1974 (1974-12-26) |


title: Dazoxiben

abstract: Dazoxiben is an orally active thromboxane synthase inhibitor. It has shown a significant clinical improvement in patients with Raynaud's syndrome.

text:
# Dazoxiben

**Dazoxiben** is an orally active thromboxane synthase inhibitor. It has shown a significant clinical improvement in patients with Raynaud's syndrome.

## Synthesis

One convenient synthesis starts with the O-chloroethyl ether of p-hydroxybenzamide and proceeds bydisplacement with imidazole to give **2**. Hydrolysis of the amide function completes the synthesis of dazoxiben.

## InfoBox

Dazoxiben
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name 4-\[2-(1*H*-Imidazol-1-yl)ethoxy\]benzoic acid | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| DrugBank |  |
| IUPHAR/BPS |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C12H12N2O3/c15-12(16)10-1-3-11(4-2-10)17-8-7-14-6-5-13-9-14/h1-6,9H,7-8H2,(H,15,16) YKey: XQGZSYKGWHUSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y * InChI=1/C12H12N2O3/c15-12(16)10-1-3-11(4-2-10)17-8-7-14-6-5-13-9-14/h1-6,9H,7-8H2,(H,15,16)Key: XQGZSYKGWHUSDH-UHFFFAOYAY | |
| SMILES * O=C(O)c2ccc(OCCn1ccnc1)cc2 | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C12H12N2O3 |
| Molar mass | 232.239 g·mol−1 |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?)  Infobox references | |


title: Tempoal de Sánchez, Veracruz

abstract: Tempoal is a city in the Mexican state of Veracruz. Located in the state's Huasteca Alta region, it serves as the municipal seat of the surrounding municipality of Tempoal. In the 2005 INEGI Census, the city of Tempoal reported a total population of 12,237.

text:
# Tempoal de Sánchez, Veracruz

**Tempoal** (formally: **Tempoal de Sánchez**) is a city in the Mexican state of Veracruz. Located in the state's Huasteca Alta region, it serves as the municipal seat of the surrounding municipality of Tempoal.

In the 2005 INEGI Census, the city of Tempoal reported a total population of 12,237.

## Name

Tempoal comes from the Wastek *Tam-puhal*, meaning "place of toads". "De Sánchez" honours Rafael Platón Sánchez (18311867), a native of the area who fought in the Battle of Puebla of 5 May 1862 and later chaired the court martial that sentenced Emperor Maximilian and his generals Miguel Miramón and Tomás Mejía to death by firing squad in Santiago de Querétaro on 19 June 1867.

## History

Tempoal was founded in pre-Hispanic times. It was given town *(villa)* status in 1927 and city *(ciudad)* status in 1960.

* Tempoal Web page of the Veracruz State Govt. Retrieved 6 November 2008.

## InfoBox

| Tempoal (Tempoal de Sánchez) | |
| --- | --- |
| City and municipal seat | |
|  | |
| TempoalTempoal | |
| Coordinates: 21°31′0″N 98°23′0″W / 21.51667°N 98.38333°W / 21.51667; -98.38333 | |
| Country | Mexico |
| State | Veracruz |
| Municipality | Tempoal |
| Settled | pre-Conquest |
| Town status | 27 May 1927 |
| City status | 29 November 1927 |
| Elevation | 50 m (160 ft) |
| Population (2005) | |
| Total | 12,237 |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Postal code | 92060 |
| Area code | 789 |
| Demonym | Tempoalense |
| Website | https://www.tempoal.gob.mx/ |


title: David Silvers

abstract: David Silvers is a Democratic member of the Florida Legislature representing the state's 89th House district, which includes part of Palm Beach County.

text:
# David Silvers

**David Silvers** is a Democratic member of the Florida Legislature representing the state's 89th House district, which includes part of Palm Beach County.

## Early career

Silvers unsuccessfully challenged Bill Hager for the 89th House district seat in 2014. In the November 4, 2014 general election, Silvers finished with 47.5% of the vote to Hager's 52.5%.

## Florida House of Representatives

Silvers defeated two other candidates in the August 30, 2016 Democratic primary, winning 54.1% of the vote. With no Republican or third-party candidates in the race, Silvers was elected automatically.

In 2018, Silvers was challenged in the Democratic primary by Edgardo Hernandez, but Silvers prevailed with 62.7% of the vote. Silvers was reelected in the November 6, 2018 general election, winning 84.59% of the vote and defeating Green Party candidate Samson LeBeau Kpadenou.

## InfoBox

| David Silvers | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Florida House of Representatives
from the 89th district | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
November 8, 2022
(redistricted) | |
| Preceded by | Mike Caruso |
| Member of the Florida House of Representatives
from the 87th district | |
| **In office**
November 8, 2016  November 8, 2022 | |
| Preceded by | Dave Kerner |
| Succeeded by | Mike Caruso |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1979-02-26) February 26, 1979
Miami Beach, Florida, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Residence(s) | Lake Clarke Shores, Florida, U.S. |
| Alma mater | University of Florida
University of Miami |
|  | |


title: Dear Diary (Yeri song)

abstract: "Dear Diary" is a song recorded by South Korean singer and Red Velvet member Yeri. The track was released digitally on March 14, 2019, by SM Entertainment as part of the third season of SM Station. Composed and was also written by her along with Son Go-eun, the track expresses sympathy with support and gratitude expressed to her twenties. The song debuted and peaked at position 200 on South Korea's Gaon Digital Chart.

text:
# Dear Diary (Yeri song)

"**Dear Diary**" (Korean: 스물에게; RR: *Seumulege*; lit. Dear Twenty) is a song recorded by South Korean singer and Red Velvet member Yeri. The track was released digitally on March 14, 2019, by SM Entertainment as part of the third season of *SM Station*. Composed and was also written by her along with Son Go-eun, the track expresses sympathy with support and gratitude expressed to her twenties. The song debuted and peaked at position 200 on South Korea's Gaon Digital Chart.

## Background and composition

On May 11, 2018, Yeri appeared on *Secret Unnie* with Han Chae-young and performed "Dear Diary". It was then revealed that the Red Velvet member will be releasing her own song. A year later, SM Entertainment announced that she will be releasing the track at 6:00 PM on March 14, 2019. The song will be released digitally on various music platforms as part of the third season of *SM Station*.

"Dear Diary" composed by Yeri and was also written by her along with Son Go-eun. Musically, the song was described as a medium tempo acoustic ballad with "sweet" guitar and electric piano. It is noted her "calm" voice as an expression of her appreciation of her first step as an adult. The track is composed in the key of C major with a tempo of 172 beats per minute. Lyrically, it expresses sympathy with the support and gratitude expressed to her twenties. Yeri revealed that she had heard a lot of questions about what would be the most different when she will be 20 years old. It was declared that she started to write it and described the song as "vague and anxious". Additionally, she told that she was still "clumsy" but have learned how to take care of oneself as she have gone through a special and strange time of twenties.

## Promotion and reception

The accompanying music video for "Dear Diary" was directed by video director Sunghwi. It was premiered on March 14, 2019, to coincide with the release of the song. Prior to its premiere date, the music video was teased with one teaser. The music video consists of Yeri sending a video letter to her 20-year-old self. The track debuted at position 200 on the 11th weekly issue of South Korea's Gaon Digital Chart for 2019 during the period dated March 10–16. The song also debuted at position 62 on the component Gaon Download Chart.

## Track listing

* **Digital download / streaming**

1. "Dear Diary"  3:39
2. "Dear Diary (Instrumental)"  3:39

## Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from Melon.

**Studio**

* Recorded at doobdoob Studio
* Recorded at SM Blue Cup Studio
* Edited at MonoTree Studio
* Engineered for mix at SM Big Shot Studio
* Mixed at SM Yellow Tail Studio
* Mastered at 821 Sound Mastering

**Personnel**

* Yeri  vocals, vocal directing
* Son Go-eun  composition, arrangement, vocal directing, keyboard, Pro Tools operation, digital editing
* Yoo Young-jin  music and sound supervision, background vocals
* Lee Byung-woo  guitar
* Kwon Won-jin  recording
* Jeong Eui-seok  recording
* Lee Min-kyu  mixing engineer
* Koo Jong-pil  mixing
* Kwon Nam-woo  mastering

## Charts

Weekly chart performance for "Dear Diary"
| Chart (2019) | Peak position |
| --- | --- |
| South Korea (Gaon) | 200 |

## Release history

Release dates and formats for "Dear Diary"
| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Various | March 14, 2019 |  |  |  |

## InfoBox

| "Dear Diary" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Yeri | |
| Language | Korean |
| Released | March 14, 2019 (2019-03-14) |
| Studio | * doobdoob Studio * SM Blue Cup Studio |
| Genre | Acoustic ballad |
| Length | 3:39 |
| Label |  |
| Composer(s) |  |
| Lyricist(s) | Yeri |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Dear Diary" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Dear Doctor (film)

abstract: Dear Doctor (ディア・ドクター) is a 2009 Japanese drama film directed by Miwa Nishikawa, starring Tsurube Shofukutei. It won the award for Best Film at the 31st Yokohama Film Festival. It was nominated for Best Film at the 33rd Japan Academy Prize.

text:
# Dear Doctor (film)

***Dear Doctor*** (ディア・ドクター) is a 2009 Japanese drama film directed by Miwa Nishikawa, starring Tsurube Shofukutei. It won the award for Best Film at the 31st Yokohama Film Festival. It was nominated for Best Film at the 33rd Japan Academy Prize.

## Cast

## Awards and nominations

**33rd Japan Academy Prize**.

* Nominated: Best Film

**34th Hochi Film Award**.

## InfoBox

| Dear Doctor | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Miwa Nishikawa |
| Written by | Miwa Nishikawa |
| Starring | Tsurube Shofukutei
Eita
Kimiko Yo
Haruka Igawa
Teruyuki Kagawa
Kaoru Yachigusa |
| Cinematography | Katsumi Yanagishima |
| Edited by | Ryuji Miyajima |
| Music by | More Rhythm |
| Release date | * June 27, 2009 (2009-06-27) |
| Running time | 127 minutes |
| Country | Japan |
| Language | Japanese |


title: Dear Diary (EP)

abstract: Dear Diary is the second extended play by South Korean singer Yoon Ji-sung. The album was released digitally and physically on April 25, 2019 by LM Entertainment. The album contains five tracks, including the lead single "I'll be there".

text:
# Dear Diary (EP)

***Dear Diary*** is the second extended play by South Korean singer Yoon Ji-sung. The album was released digitally and physically on April 25, 2019 by LM Entertainment. The album contains five tracks, including the lead single "I'll be there".

## Background

On April 15, the album trailer was released, followed by the tracklist, concept photos and music video teasers. A highlight medley was also released on Yoon's VLIVE channel and YouTube account, leading up to the full release of the album on April 25. On May 14, the epilogue for the album was released on YouTube as a parting gift to fans before Yoon's military enlistment that day.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Arranged | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "옆에도 눈이 달렸어 (Side, Eye, Moon)" | * 도나 (DONNA) | * 도나 (DONNA) * CuzD | * CuzD | 2:58 |
| 2. | "너의 페이지 (I'll be there)" | * 손고은 (MonoTree) | * 손고은 (MonoTree) * 임단우 | * 손고은 (MonoTree) | 3:16 |
| 3. | "나의 하루 (End of the Day)" | * Moon Kim * 정윤 (CHUNGYOON) | * Moon Kim * 정윤 (CHUNGYOON) | * 정윤 (CHUNGYOON) * Moon Kim | 3:35 |
| 4. | "배웅 (Hi, Spring)" | * 어깨깡패 (Clef Crew) | * 어깨깡패 (Clef Crew) | * 어깨깡패 (Clef Crew) | 3:39 |
| 5. | "기적 (Miracle)" | * KZ * 전다운 * Who's H | * KZ * 전다운 * Who's H | * KZ * 전다운 * Who's H | 3:56 |
| Total length: | | | | | 17:24 |

## Charts

| Chart (2019) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| South Korean Albums (Gaon) | 4 |

## Sales

| Chart | Sales |
| --- | --- |
| Korea (Gaon) | 23,428 |

## InfoBox

| Dear Diary | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Yoon Ji-sung | |
| Released | April 25, 2019 (2019-04-25) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 17:26 |
| Label | LM |
| Yoon Ji-sung chronology | |
| *Aside*
(2019) ***Dear Diary***
(2019) *Temperature of Love*
(2021) | |


title: Teresa (song)

abstract: "Teresa" is a song by Irish singer Joe Dolan. The song written by Albert Hammond and Mike Hazlewood and produced by Geoffrey Everitt. It was released in 1969 becoming an international hit for Dolan.

text:
# Teresa (song)

"**Teresa**" is a song by Irish singer Joe Dolan. The song written by Albert Hammond and Mike Hazlewood and produced by Geoffrey Everitt. It was released in 1969 becoming an international hit for Dolan.

## Charts

The song peaked at number 1 on the Irish Singles Chart and number 20 on the UK Singles Chart. It also reached number 6 on the Belgian Ultratop chart and number 38 on the German Singles Chart.


title: Dearest (EP)

abstract: Dearest is the eighth Korean-language EP by the South Korean band N.Flying. It was released by FNC Entertainment on October 17, 2022.

text:
# Dearest (EP)

***Dearest*** is the eighth Korean-language EP by the South Korean band N.Flying. It was released by FNC Entertainment on October 17, 2022.

## Background

On September 28, 2022, it was announced that N.Flying was scheduled to release an album on October 17. The album served as the group's last comeback before the enlistment of their members, Cha Hun and Kim Jae-Hyun. On October 6, the track list for the album was released by the group. J.don was involved in writing and composing all six songs for the album. The title song for the album was "I Like You".

On October 17, the group released their album alongside the music video of the lead single.

## Track listing

*Dearest* track listing
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Arrangement | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "I Like You" (폭망) | J.don | * J.don * Kim Su-bin | * J.don * Kim Su-bin | 3:26 |
| 2. | "The Night" (그 밤) | J.don | * J.don * Kim Su-bin | * J.don * Kim Su-bin * Im Su-hyeok | 3:16 |
| 3. | "Firefly" | J.don | * J.don * Kim Su-bin | * J.don * Kim Su-bin * Jo Se-hee | 3:05 |
| 4. | "1" () | J.don | * J.don * Kim Su-bin | * J.don * Kim Su-bin * Jo Se-hee | 3:01 |
| 5. | "Monster" | J.don | * J.don * Park Su-seok | * Park Su-seok * Young | 3:07 |
| 6. | "Shooting Star" |  |  |  | 3:20 |
| Total length: | | | | | 19:15 |

## Charts

Chart performance for *Dearest*
| Chart (2022) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| South Korean Albums (Circle) | 7 |

## InfoBox

| Dearest | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by N.Flying | |
| Released | October 17, 2022 (2022-10-17) |
| Recorded | 2022 |
| Length | 19:15 |
| Label | FNC Entertainment |
| Producer | * J.Don |
| N.Flying chronology | |
| *Turbulence*
(2021) ***Dearest***
(2022) *Once in a Blue Moon*
(2023) | |


abstract: Dearest Father: Stories and Other Writings is a collection of writings by Franz Kafka translated by Ernst Kaiser and Eithne Wilkins with notes by Max Brod. The title derives from Kafka's Letter to His Father, which begins with this salutation. In 2007, a translation by Howard Colyer, titled Letter to My Father, was published by lulu.com. A translation of Dearest Father, with notes and an introduction by its translators, Hannah and Richard Stokes, was published in 2008.

text:
# Dearest Father: Stories and Other Writings

***Dearest Father: Stories and Other Writings*** is a collection of writings by Franz Kafka translated by Ernst Kaiser and Eithne Wilkins with notes by Max Brod (Schocken Books, 1954). The title derives from Kafka's Letter to His Father, which begins with this salutation. In 2007, a translation by Howard Colyer, titled *Letter to My Father*, was published by lulu.com. A translation of *Dearest Father*, with notes and an introduction by its translators, Hannah and Richard Stokes, was published in 2008.

## Contents

## InfoBox

Dearest Father: Stories and Other Writings
| First edition cover | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Franz Kafka |
| Translator | Ernst Kaiser and Eithne Wilkins |
| Publisher | Schocken Books |
| Publication date | 1954 |


title: David Zuckerman (computer scientist)

abstract: David Zuckerman is an American theoretical computer scientist whose work concerns randomness in computation. He is a professor of computer science at the University of Texas at Austin.

text:
# David Zuckerman (computer scientist)

**David Zuckerman** is an American theoretical computer scientist whose work concerns randomness in computation. He is a professor of computer science at the University of Texas at Austin.

## Biography

Zuckerman received an A.B. in mathematics from Harvard University in 1987, where he was a Putnam Fellow in 1986. He went on to earn a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of California at Berkeley in 1991 advised by Umesh Vazirani. He then worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Hebrew University of Jerusalem before joining the University of Texas in 1994. Zuckerman was named a Fellow of the ACM in 2013, and a Simons Investigator in 2016.

## Research

Most of Zuckerman's work concerns randomness in computation, and especially pseudorandomness. He has written over 80 papers on topics including randomness extractors, pseudorandom generators, coding theory, and cryptography. Zuckerman is best known for his work on randomness extractors. In 2015 Zuckerman and his student Eshan Chattopadhyay solved an important open problem in the area by giving the first explicit construction of two-source extractors. The resulting paper won a best-paper award at the 2016 ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing.

## InfoBox

| David Zuckerman | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | University of California at Berkeley
Harvard University |
| Known for | Pseudorandomness |
| Awards | ACM Fellow
Simons Investigator |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Theoretical computer science |
| Institutions | University of Texas at Austin |
| Thesis | *Computing Efficiently Using General Weak Random Sources*  (1991) |
| Doctoral advisor | Umesh Vazirani |
|  | |


title: Teodors Ūders

abstract: Teodors Ūders was a Latvian artist.

text:
# Teodors Ūders

**Teodors Ūders** (3 May 1868, Valmiera – 20 August 1915, Valmiera) was a Latvian artist.

## Biography

Teodors Ūders had a colourful career; ignoring the wishes of his parents that he become a farmer, he left to become a cook on a ship in 1884 and would spend the next six years at sea. Returning to Riga, he then spent three years as a reservist in a Guards unit in Saint Petersburg, after which he committed himself to personal studies of philosophy until 1897. He then spent two years at the present-day Saint Petersburg Art and Industry Academy, studying art. For several years he then traveled throughout the Russian Empire with his wife, earning a living painting portraits and landscapes. In 1905 he returned to his hometown Valmiera in present-day Latvia and took up position as an art teacher and would stay there until his death in 1915. Disregarded by the local bourgeoisie, his art wasn't widely recognised until after his death, as noted with regret by art critic Boris Vipper.

## Bibliography


title: Temple Stream

abstract: Temple Stream is a small river in Franklin County, Maine, United States. It is located in the Kennebec River watershed. It is named for the town of Temple, Maine. Temple's Intervale Road runs along the stream's southern banks, while Cummings Hill Road crosses it, near it its intersection with Maple Street. The stream is sourced from Jessie Pond, around 4.5 miles (7.2 km) north of Temple, and flows into Sandy River, just to the east of West Farmington. In 2022, the Walton's Mill Dam in Farmington was demolished, allowing Temple Stream to flow freely through Walton's Mill for the first time in 240 years. The change was made to allow fish passage, in turn protecting the endangered Atlantic salmon, which have been spawning at the site. In 2005, Bill Roorbach published Temple Stream: A Rural Odyssey. It is also frequently mentioned in A Soldier's Son: An American Boyhood During World War II (2006) by John E. Hodgkins.

text:
# Temple Stream

**Temple Stream** is a small river in Franklin County, Maine, United States. It is located in the Kennebec River watershed.

It is named for the town of Temple, Maine. Temple's Intervale Road runs along the stream's southern banks, while Cummings Hill Road crosses it, near it its intersection with Maple Street.

The stream is sourced from Jessie Pond, around 4.5 miles (7.2 km) north of Temple, and flows into Sandy River, just to the east of West Farmington.

In 2022, the Walton's Mill Dam in Farmington was demolished, allowing Temple Stream to flow freely through Walton's Mill for the first time in 240 years. The change was made to allow fish passage, in turn protecting the endangered Atlantic salmon, which have been spawning at the site.

In 2005, Bill Roorbach published *Temple Stream: A Rural Odyssey*. It is also frequently mentioned in *A Soldier's Son: An American Boyhood During World War II* (2006) by John E. Hodgkins.

## InfoBox

| Temple Stream | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| County | Franklin County |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Jessie Pond |
| location | Temple, Maine |
| coordinates | 44°44′53″N 70°15′00″W / 44.748°N 70.250°W / 44.748; -70.250 |
|  | |
| Mouth | Sandy River |
| location | West Farmington, Maine |
| coordinates | 44°39′22″N 70°08′49″W / 44.656°N 70.147°W / 44.656; -70.147 |


title: Temple Stanyan

abstract: Temple Stanyan (1675–1752) was an English civil servant, politician and author. He is most known for his Grecian History, first published in 1707, which became a standard work on the history of ancient Greece in the early part of the 18th century.

text:
# Temple Stanyan

**Temple Stanyan** (1675–1752) was an English civil servant, politician and author. He is most known for his *Grecian History*, first published in 1707, which became a standard work on the history of ancient Greece in the early part of the 18th century.

## Early life

Stanyan was born on 8 February 1675 at Monken Hadley, then part of Middlesex. He was one of eight children of Lawrence Stanyan (d. 1725), merchant, farmer, and commissioner of the revenue, of Monken Hadley, and Dorothy Stanyan (*nee* Knapp). One of his older brothers was Abraham Stanyan, who would later serve as the British ambassador to Switzerland, the Ottoman Empire and to Austria. Stanyan's uncle-by-marriage (the husband of an aunt) was Sir Richard Temple, 3rd Baronet, after whom he may have been named.

Stanyan entered Westminster School in 1691 as a Queen's Scholar. He enrolled at Christ Church, Oxford in June 1695 but did not take a degree. In May 1697, Sir Richard Temple died and Stanyan inherited one of his properties, Rawlins Manor (Woodcote Manor) in Oxfordshire.

## Career

Stanyan entered government service after leaving Oxford and by 1715 was under-secretary for the Northern Department (the department responsible for foreign relations with Northern European countries). He transferred to the Southern Department (the department for Southern Europe) as under-secretary in 1717, but he lost this position a year later. In 1719, he became Clerk of the Privy Council, succeeding his brother Abraham in the post. In 1724, he also regained the under-secretaryship at the Southern Department.

Stanyan became a Fellow of the Royal Society on 12 May 1726, after being proposed by Francis Nicholson. Abraham Stanyan was a prominent member of the Kit Kat Club, as was his cousin Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham and some sources state Temple was also a member.

In 1731, he was succeeded as Clerk of the Privy Council by Gilbert West, leaving the Southern Department in 1735.

## Personal life

Stanyan married three times. His first wife, Elizabeth Boys (née Shirley), was the widow of William Boys. His married his second wife, Susannah Hobbs (bap. 1689, d. 1725), on 3 January 1721. His third marriage was to Grace Pauncefort (1692/3–1768).

Stanyan died at his seat, Rawlins Manor, on 25 March 1752 and was buried at the church of St Peter and St Paul, Checkendon, there is a memorial to him inside the church.

He was survived by his third wife. His daughter Catherine later became the second wife of Admiral Charles Hardy in 1759. Their eldest son, Temple Hardy, was likely named after Temple Stanyan and was a notable Royal Navy officer during the French Revolutionary wars.

## Works

The first volume of his two-volume book *Grecian History, from the Original of Greece, to the Death of Philip of Macedon* was published in 1707 by Jacob Tonson; there was a 32-year gap before the publication of the second volume in 1739. This was published alongside a second, revised, edition of the first volume.

The *Grecian History* was the first major English work on ancient Greece that was aimed at the general public and it became very successful. It was the standard work on the topic during the 18th century and editions were published in 1751, 1759, 1766, 1774, 1775 and 1781. It was translated into French by Denis Diderot in 1743. In the work, Stanyan, in common with better-known thinkers such Montesquieu and Rousseau, lavishes praise on Sparta, for being a strong stable state that was immune from factionalism and political unrest. He condemns the democratic constitution of Classical Athens, claiming that it suffered from these failings.

Towards the end of the 18th century, Stanyan's history was superseded by William Mitford's *History of Greece*, the five volumes of which were published, one by one, between 1783 and 1810. Although later in the 19th century, that work itself came to be seen as flawed as it reflected the author's reactionary politics and his anti-democratic and anti-Jacobin views.

Stanyan made a contribution to a collaborative translation of Ovid's, *Metamorphoses* edited by Samuel Garth, that was published by Tonson in 1717. Stanyan translated *The Story of Polyxena and Hecuba* in Book XIII. Other contributors to the work were Alexander Pope, John Dryden, Joseph Addison, William Congreve and Nicholas Rowe. He also contributed to a 1726 collection of English and Latin poems on archery and the Royal Company of Archers and composed the Latin inscription on the plinth of John Michael Rysbrack's 1735 statue of George II at Greenwich Hospital.

Citations  1. Philip Woodfine, Claire Gapper, 'Stanyan, Abraham (1672–1732)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, (2004)
2. *Temple Stanyan Memorial 1751, Checkendon* (Image). Aidan McRae Thomson. 4 April 2011.
3. Mary Lobel, ed. (1962). "Parishes: South Stoke". *A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 7: Dorchester and Thame hundreds*. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
4. "Temple Stanyan". The Royal Society. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
5. Ceserani, Giovanna (2012). *Italy's Lost Greece: Magna Graecia and the Making of Modern Archaeology*. Oxford University Press. p. 101. ISBN 978-0199744275.
6. "Full Record: The Grecian History. Volume the first. Containing the space of about 1684 years. By Temple Stanyan. Adorn'd with cuts". *English Short Title Catalogue*. British Library. OCLC 181835432. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
7. Stanuan, T. (1739). *The Grecian History: From the original of Greece, to the end of the Peloponnesian War. Containing the space of about 1684 years*. In two volumes. By Temple Stanyan ... Volume the first. London, Printed for J. and R. Tonson.OCLC 79521540
8. Onnekink, David; Rommelse, Gijs (2011). *Ideology and Foreign Policy in Early Modern Europe (1650–1750)*. Ashgate Publishing. p. 120. ISBN 978-1409419143.
9. Turner, Frank (1984). *The Greek Heritage in Victorian Britain*. Yale University Press. p. 189. ISBN 0300032579.
10. Herman, Gabriel (2006). *Morality and behaviour in democratic Athens : a social history*. Cambridge. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-521-85021-6. OCLC 71347534.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
11. Rabasa, José; Feldherr, Andrew; Woolf, Daniel R.; Hardy, Grant (2012). *The Oxford History of Historical Writing: 1400–1800*. Oxford University Press. p. 529. ISBN 978-0199219179.
12. Pat Rogers (2004). *The Alexander Pope Encyclopedia*. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 261–. ISBN 978-0-313-32426-0. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
13. Ovid (1717). *Ovid's Metamorphoses in Fifteen Books*. J. Tonson. p. 454. OCLC 2204282.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
14. OVID, et al. (1717). *Ovid's Metamorphoses in fifteen books*. London, Printed for Jacob Tonson at Shakespear's-Head over against Katharine-Street in the Strand.OCLC 123279498
15. (1726). *Poems in English and Latin: on the archers, and Royal-Company of archers* Edinburgh OCLC 68350275
16. James Caulfield (1821). *Memoirs of the Celebrated Persons composing the Kit-Cat Club; with a prefatory account of the origin of the association*. Hurst, Robinson & Company. p. 211. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
Sources and Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Temple Stanyan | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1675-02-08)8 February 1675
Monken Hadley |
| Died | 25 March 1752(1752-03-25) (aged 77)
Woodcote, Oxfordshire |
| Resting place | Church of St Peter and St Paul, Checkendon
51°32′33″N 1°02′42″W / 51.5424°N 1.0450°W / 51.5424; -1.0450 |
| Nationality | English |
| Alma mater | Christ Church, Oxford |
| Occupation | Civil servant |
| Spouses | * Elizabeth Boys (dates unknown) * Susannah Hobbs (1721–1725, her death) * Grace Pauncefort (? – 1752, his death) |
| Parents | * Lawrence Stanyan (d. 1725) * Dorothy Knapp (d.1730) |
| Relatives |  |
| **Writing career** | |
| Language | English |
| Period | 1707-1739 |
| Subject | The history of Ancient Greece |
| Notable works | *Grecian History* |
|  | |


title: Davos Cup

abstract: The Davos Cup was a bandy tournament held in 2016 for national teams from continental Europe.

text:
# Davos Cup

The **Davos Cup** was a bandy tournament held in 2016 for national teams from continental Europe.

## History

In January 2016 the Federation of International Bandy together with the Federation of Swiss Bandy arranged a tournament in Davos. Due to recent weather conditions and in line with what had been done at the 1913 European Bandy Championships, the games were not played with modern 11 man teams but on a smaller bandy field with 7 men on each team and without corners. Estonia, Germany, and Netherlands played the tournament. The Estonians won this unofficial European Championship, followed by the Netherlands and Germany.

This tournament was a follow-up of the 2014 Davos tournament.

## Results table

| Result | Сountry | P | W | D | L | G | +/- | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Estonia | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 17—6 | +11 | 8 |
| 2 | Netherlands | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 13—9 | +4 | 4 |
| 3 | Germany | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3—18 | -15 | 0 |
|


title: Davos Glaris railway station

abstract: Davos Glaris railway station is a railway station in the municipality of Davos, in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. It is located on the Davos Platz–Filisur line. An hourly service operates on this line.

text:
# Davos Glaris railway station

**Davos Glaris railway station** is a railway station in the municipality of Davos, in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. It is located on the Davos Platz–Filisur line. An hourly service operates on this line.

## Services

As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Davos Glaris:

## InfoBox

| Davos Glaris | |
| --- | --- |
| The station building in 2008 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Landwasserstrasse 58
7277 Davos
Davos
Switzerland |
| Coordinates | 46°44′44.052″N 9°46′47.748″E / 46.74557000°N 9.77993000°E / 46.74557000; 9.77993000 |
| Elevation | 1,454 m (4,770 ft) |
| Owned by | Rhaetian Railway |
| Line(s) | Davos Platz–Filisur line |
| Distance | 56.3 km (35.0 mi) from Landquart |
| Train operators | Rhaetian Railway |
| Connections | PostAuto Schweiz buses |
| History | |
| Opened | 1 July 1909 (1909-07-01) |
| Electrified | 22 December 1919 (1919-12-22) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| 2018 | 100 per weekday |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Rhaetian Railway Following station  Davos Monsteintowards Filisur  R 11  Davos Frauenkirchtowards Davos Platz | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: Teona

abstract: Teona is an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse. She showed promise as a two-year-old in 2020 when she won the second of her two races by nine lengths. In the following spring she ran disappointingly in the Musidora Stakes and the Epsom Oaks but developed into a top-class middle distance performer, winning the August Stakes and the Prix Vermeille.

text:
# Teona

**Teona** (foaled 13 March 2018) is an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse. She showed promise as a two-year-old in 2020 when she won the second of her two races by nine lengths. In the following spring she ran disappointingly in the Musidora Stakes and the Epsom Oaks but developed into a top-class middle distance performer, winning the August Stakes and the Prix Vermeille.

## Background

Teona is a bay filly with a white stripe bred in Ireland by Rabbah Bloodstock. As a yearling in October 2019 she was consigned to the Tattersalls sales and was bought for 280,000 guineas by Hugo Merry Bloodstock. She entered the ownership of Ali Saeed, and was sent into training with Roger Varian at Newmarket, Suffolk.

She was from the eighth crop of foals sired by Sea the Stars who won the 2000 Guineas, Epsom Derby and Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe in 2009. His other major winners have included Baaeed, Harzand, Taghrooda, Stradivarius, Sea of Class and Sea The Moon. Teona's dam Ambivalent was a top-class racemare whose wins included the Pretty Polly Stakes and the Middleton Stakes. She was a half-sister to the dam of the Prix de l'Abbaye winner Total Gallery and, as a descendant of the broodmare Meinhart, she was also distantly related to the Grand National winner Lord Gyllene.

## Racing career

### 2020: two-year-old season

Teona made her track debut in a one-mile maiden race on the synthetic Tapeta surface at Newcastle Racecourse on 30 October when she started 2/1 favourite and finished second, beaten a length by the winner Sea Empress. On 19 November at the same track she went off the 1/3 favourite for a maiden over ten furlongs and recorded her first success as she took the lead entering the last quarter mile and drew away to win "easily" by nine lengths from the colt Kondo Isami.

### 2021: three-year-old season

For her first appearance as a three-year-old, Teona was stepped up in class to contest the Group 3 Musidora Stakes (a major trial for the Epsom Oaks) over 10+12 furlongs at York Racecourse on 12 May when she was ridden by Andrea Atzeni and started the 15/8 second choice in the betting. After becoming agitated in the starting stalls she fought her jockey's attempts to restrain her and made little impression in the closing stages, coming home third behind Snowfall and the favourite Noon Star. In the Oaks on 4 June the filly started at odds of 12/1 but never looked likely to win and finished tenth behind Snowfall, beaten more than twenty-seven lengths by the winner.

After a break of fourteen weeks, Teona returned to the track on 28 August, when she was matched against colts and older horses in the Listed August Stakes over 11+12 furlongs at Windsor Racecourse. She started the 3/1 joint-favourite alongside the four-year-old filly Domino Darling in an eight-runner field which also included the Canadian International Stakes winner Desert Encounter. Ridden by Ray Dawson Teona tracked the leaders before taking the lead two furlongs from the finish and kept on well to win by 3+14 lengths from Desert Encounter. After the race Roger Varian said "We had big hopes of her in the spring and it didn’t go her way in the Oaks trial or the Oaks, so we’ve given her time. Hopefully this is just the start for her now – it’s nice to get a Listed win and hopefully she can build on that now."

Two weeks after her win at Windsor, Teona returned to Group 1 class when she was sent to France to contest the Prix Vermeille over 2400 metres at Longchamp Racecourse and started a 17.9/1 outsider in a seven-runner field. Snowfall started the 1/5 favourite while the other contenders included Incarville, Joan of Arc and Philomene (Prix Penelope). Ridden by Olivier Peslier, Teona tracked the front-running La Joconde before gaining the advantage 200 metres from the finish and stayed on well to win beat Snowfall by 1+12 lengths. Varian commented "I think she's very good, I don't think it's a fluke result. Whether Snowfall ran up to her very best, you could argue that she didn't. But the Oaks was not our race, she couldn't handle the conditions and ours is a very good filly. I've always said that and that's why it's so satisfying that it's come through today."

Teona was expected to run in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe but was withdrawn on account of the soft ground.

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Teona (GB), bay filly, 2018
| Sire
Sea the Stars (IRE)
2006 | Cape Cross (IRE)
1994 | Green Desert (USA) | Danzig |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Foreign Courier |
| | Park Appeal | Ahonoora (GB) |
| | Balidaress |
| | Urban Sea (USA)
1989 | Miswaki | Mr Prospector |
| | | Hopespringseternal |
| | Allegretta (GB) | Lombard (GER) |
| | Anatevka (GER) |
| Dam
Ambivalent (IRE)
2009 | Authorized (IRE)
2004 | Montjeu | Sadler's Wells (USA) |
| | | Floripedes (FR) |
| | Funsie (FR) | Saumarez (GB) |
| | Vallee Dansante (USA) |
| | Darrery (GB)
1990 | Darshaan | Shirley Heights |
| | | Delsy (FR) |
| | Flamenco (USA) | Dance Spell |
| | Santiago Sweetie (Family: 1-j) |

## InfoBox

| Teona | |
| --- | --- |
| Sire | Sea The Stars |
| Grandsire | Cape Cross |
| Dam | Ambivalent |
| Damsire | Authorized |
| Sex | Filly |
| Foaled | 13 March 2018 |
| Country | Ireland |
| Color | Bay |
| Breeder | Rabbah Bloodstock |
| Owner | Ali Saeed |
| Trainer | Roger Varian |
| Record | 6: 3-1-1 |
| Earnings | £341,291 |
| Major wins | |
| August Stakes (2021)
Prix Vermeille (2021) | |


title: Death in Soho

abstract: Death in Soho is the latest album released by the English punk band 999, released in September 2007.

text:
# Death in Soho

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Death in Soho*** is the latest album released by the English punk band 999, released in September 2007.

## Track listing

All tracks by Nick Cash & Guy Days except where noted.

1. "Gimme the World" – 2:22
2. "The System" – 3:02
3. "Innocent" – 4:08
4. "Last Breathe" (Cash, Days, Pablo Labritain) – 3:18
5. "99 Days" – 2:31
6. "Rock N Roll World" – 2:30
7. "Get Off the Phone" – 3:04
8. "Horror Story" – 2:11
9. "Stealing Beauty" – 2:12
10. "What Do You Know" – 2:18
11. "Deep Peace" – 2:37
12. "Too Much Money" – 2:39
13. "Life of Crime" – 2:22
14. "The Avenue" – 3:10
15. "Bomb You" – 2:07

## Personnel

999 * Arturo Bassick – bass, vocals
* Nick Cash – guitar, vocals
* Guy Days – guitar, vocals
* Pablo Labritain – drums, vocals

Technical * Pat Collier - engineer

5 songs also available on the US compilation

The Sharpest Cuts 93-2007 (Gutterwail)

## InfoBox

| Death in Soho | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by 999 | |
| Released | September 24, 2007 |
| Recorded | July 2007 |
| Studio | Perry Vale Studios |
| Genre | Punk rock |
| Label | Overground |


title: Death in Singapore

abstract: Deaths in Singapore offset the population increase from live births. In 2007, 17,140 people in Singapore died from various causes. The death rate was 4.5 deaths per 1,000 of the population. There are strict regulations surrounding death and treatment of the body after death.

text:
# Death in Singapore

**Deaths in Singapore** offset the population increase from live births. In 2007, 17,140 people in Singapore died from various causes. The death rate was 4.5 deaths per 1,000 of the population. There are strict regulations surrounding death and treatment of the body after death.

Under section 2A of the Interpretation Act, a person is considered as having died when there is either irreversible cessation of circulation of blood and respiration, or total and irreversible cessation of all functions of the brain. Irreversible cessation of the blood circulation and respiration is determined according to ordinary standards of current medical practice, while total and irreversible cessation of all brain functions is made in accordance with the following criteria:

* **Conditions to be satisfied before determining irreversible cessation of all brain functions**. Before tests are carried out to determine if all the functions of a person's brain have irreversibly ceased, the following conditions must be satisfied:
* **Criteria for determining irreversible cessation of all brain functions**. To determine the irreversible cessation of all functions of the brain of a person, tests must be carried out with the result that:

Where there is still a corneal reflex or spontaneous motor response to painful stimulus but all other criteria are satisfied, or where any of the criteria cannot be performed but the remaining criteria are satisfied, the irreversible cessation of all brain functions can be determined by a combination of the criteria that have been satisfied and the performance of a supplementary test. These tests are cerebral angiography to confirm that there is no intracranial blood flow, and a radionuclide scan to confirm that there is no intracranial perfusion.

In addition, the Interpretation Act sets out other safeguards for the determination of death:

* **Cases where organ to be removed for transplant**. Where an organ is to be removed for a transplant pursuant to the Human Organ Transplant Act or the Medical (Therapy, Education and Research) Act, from the body of a deceased person, the death must be certified by two medical practitioners:
    + who have not been involved in the care or treatment of the person;
    + who do not belong to the team of medical practitioners which will remove the organ from the body;
    + who have not been involved in selecting the proposed recipient of the organ; and
    + who will not be involved in the care or treatment of the proposed recipient during his or her hospitalization for the transplant.

Where the death was due to total and irreversible cessation of all brain functions, the two medical practitioners certifying the death must also possess certain prescribed postgraduate medical qualifications. * **Other cases**. In other cases, the determination of the total and irreversible cessation of all brain functions of a person must be certified by two medical practitioners who possess the prescribed postgraduate medical qualifications. At least one of them must not have been involved in the care or treatment of the deceased person.

### Presumption of death of missing persons

When the question of whether a person is alive or dead arises, and it is shown that he was alive within 30 years, the burden of proving that he or she is dead lies on the person who affirms it. However, if it is proved that he or she has not been heard of for seven years by those who would naturally have heard of the person if he or she had been alive, the burden of proving that the person is alive shifts to the person who affirms this.

Any married person who alleges that reasonable grounds exist for supposing that the other party to the marriage is dead may apply to court to have it presumed that the other party is dead and to have the marriage dissolved. If the court is satisfied that such reasonable grounds exist, it may make an interim judgment of presumption of death and of divorce. In such proceedings, the fact that for seven years or more the other party to the marriage has been continually absent from the applicant, and the applicant has no reason to believe that the other party has been living within that time, is evidence that the missing person is dead until the contrary is proved.

## Causes of death

As of 2017, the top 10 causes of death in Singapore were those set out in the table below:

| Rank | Cause of death | % of total deaths |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Cancer | 29.1 |
| 2 | Pneumonia | 20.1 |
| 3 | Ischaemic heart diseases | 18.5 |
| 4 | Cerebrovascular disease (including stroke) | 6.3 |
| 5 | External causes of morbidity and mortality | 4.0 |
| 6 | Hypertensive diseases (including hypertensive heart disease) | 3.4 |
| 7 | Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis | 2.4 |
| 8 | Urinary tract infection | 1.9 |
| 9 | Other heart diseases | 1.9 |
| 10 | Diabetes mellitus | 1.5 |
| 10 | Chronic obstructive lung disease | 1.5 |

### Capital punishment

Capital punishment is legal in Singapore. The number of judicial executions has fluctuated widely depending on crime rates; at its highest point, according to unofficial statistics compiled by Amnesty International, about 408 people were hanged between 1991 and 2003; at its lowest point in 2010, none were executed. Between 2004 and 2011, the number of executions varied between none and 10. Hanging, which is used for all executions and are carried out in Changi Prison on Fridays at dawn, are by the long drop method, which severs the spinal cord.

### Suicide

Suicide is a significant non-medical cause of death in Singapore. Attempted suicide was an offence punishable with jail under section 309 of the Penal Code. However, on 6 May 2019, the law was amended to decriminalise suicide.

Between 2000 and 2004, 1,700 people killed themselves, and in 2007 suicides amounted to about 2.2% of all deaths. For every suicide, there were seven non-fatal attempts.

It was reported in 2006 that suicide was one of the top causes of death of Singapore youths. In 2001, five children younger than 15 years took their lives, and 37 people between the ages of 15 and 25 did so.

## Treatment of the body after death

When a person dies, a doctor will certify the cause of death if it is known and due to natural causes. He or she will then fill up a certificate of cause of death (CCOD) which will be given to the family of the deceased. If the doctor is unable to determine the cause of death, or the death is due to non-natural causes, the Criminal Procedure Code requires him to refer the case to the police. The police will provide a hearse to send the body to the Centre for Forensic Medicine (CFM) Mortuary at Block 9 of the Singapore General Hospital, which will then inform the family when to visit the mortuary.

At the CFM Mortuary, the family will view and identify the body of the deceased in the presence of a coroner, who reviews the case and determines if an autopsy is required. The family will be informed of the coroner's decision and the time to claim the body for the funeral by the investigation officer. If an autopsy is conducted and reveals that the death is unnatural, the police will conduct further investigations into the cause of death with the family's assistance. Once the investigations are complete, the family will be told to attend a coroner's inquiry at the Subordinate Courts. Only after that will they be able to claim the body. If the coroner decides that no autopsy is needed or if the cause of death is deemed to be natural and no foul play is suspected, the investigation officer will inform the family members to head down to collect the body. However, do take note that as there is only one location for the claiming of bodies for all autopsy cases, there might be a waiting time at the hospital itself.

After the family obtains the CCOD, they usually engage a funeral director (also known as an undertaker) who collects the body, embalms it if necessary, and delivers it to the wake. In addition, they have to decide whether the body is to be cremated or buried, and register the death. The funeral director also helps to make arrangements for the wake and funeral, according to the religious beliefs and wishes of the family.

### Registration of death

When a person dies in a house, the death must be notified to the authorities within 24 hours by the occupier of the house in which to his or her knowledge the death took place, the relatives of the deceased present at his or her death or in attendance during the last illness of the deceased, or each person present at the death. If those persons fail to do so, another inmate of the house or the person causing the body of the deceased person to be buried.

When a person dies in a place which is not a house, or a dead body is found elsewhere than in a house, every relative of the deceased person having knowledge of any particulars required to be registered concerning the death, and every person present at the death, and every person taking charge of the body, and, if the death occurs in a ship or vessel the master or other person having charge of the ship or vessel, and the person causing the body to be buried must, within 24 hours after the death or finding of the body, give to the authorities such information that the informant has concerning the death that is required to be registered.

### Burial

The Choa Chu Kang Cemetery Complex is the only cemetery in Singapore still accepting burials. Others, such as Bidadari Cemetery, have made way for redevelopment. Burials cost up to S$420 for children and $940 for adults. The complex is divided into cemeteries according to religion, and includes the Parsi, Jewish and Christian cemeteries.

On 1 November 1998, the NEA implemented a policy to limit the burial period of all graves to 15 years, due to a shortage of space in the cemeteries. After being buried for 15 years, graves are exhumed and the remains removed. If the religion of the deceased permits cremation, the exhumed remains are cremated and stored in government columbaria niches; otherwise, the remains are re-buried in smaller individual plots.

From 2017 onwards, as part of the expansion plans for Tengah Air Base, the cemetery will be reduced in size from 318ha to 100ha with around 80,500 Chinese and Muslim graves being exhumed.

### Cremation

#### History

In the days of British rule, the number of Chinese burial grounds in Singapore increased very rapidly and the colonial government had little power to control burial spaces because it did not possess sanctions of sufficient strength. Clan associations met all the physical and social needs of the Chinese majority, and the result was the creation of segmented Chinese immigrant communities separated by kinship ties and operating independently of the state, each conducting their own death rites and running their own cemeteries. The local authorities began to view these cemeteries as hazardous sources of disease-causing vectors such as mosquitoes, as well as a form of land waste. There were urgent demands on space in land-scarce Singapore in the name of national development. In the words of E. W. Barker, then the minister for law, environment, science and technology, "The needs of Singapore's young population must require the use of sterilised land, for the economic and social good of all citizens of Singapore."

In the 1965 Master Plan, which was designed to guide land-use development in Singapore, cemeteries were identified as land "considered available for development", and cremation was mooted as a viable option to deal with the exhumed bodies from these burial grounds, and as a way to dispose of people who died. To encourage the population to adopt this relatively new way of treating the dead, the state employed the help of "funerary middlemen" who could erode the distrust of cremation because they were respected for their knowledge of death rites and disposal. In addition, the rallying cries of national development, the common good, and the country's future were used to encourage the populace to take up the idea of cremation and to abandon their insistence of traditional burial grounds.

In 1972, the state made it clear that it would close all cemeteries near and around the city area to "conserve land". State power over cemeteries was considerably strengthened by an alteration in the law allowing the public commissioner to "close cemeteries without assigning reasons for doing so". As an alternative means of managing the disposal of the dead, the state offered burial space at a state-owned public cemetery complex at Choa Chu Kang, although it made it clear that it considered cremation as the only viable long-term option. As various academics have pointed out, the clearance of ethnic burial grounds served more than a practical purpose as it signified the transferring of power from clan- and ethnic-based associations, which had previously run these burial grounds, to state organizations.

#### Crematoria and columbaria

The earliest government crematorium, situated at Mount Vernon, began operations in 1962 with only one funeral service hall and about four cremations a week. By 1995, it had three service halls and was averaging 21 cremations a day, with operations beginning every day at 9:00 am with cremations scheduled at 45-minute intervals until about 6:00 or 7:00 pm. The site includes a columbarium built in several phases, comprising niches arranged in numbered blocks which either feature Chinese-style green roofs, or housed within a nine-storey pagoda-style building. There also exists a two-storey "church-style" building.

Towards the end of the 1970s, the Mount Vernon complex, which was initially intended for the storage of ashes from recent deaths, could no longer cope with the scale of exhumation projects fuelling the demand for columbarium niches. Another crematorium and columbarium complex was built at Mandai, and this commenced operations in 1982, equipped with eight small and four medium-sized cremators and a total of 64,370 niches for the storage of cremated remains. Chinese voluntary associations such as Pek San Theng were allowed to build columbaria to house the remains of those exhumed from clan-owned cemeteries, and temples and churches were allowed to accommodate cremated remains. Mount Vernon Crematorium ceased operations on 30 June 2004.

The Mount Vernon columbarium complex was closed on 30 September 2018 as part of plans to build the Bidadari Estate, a housing estate, on the site of the nearby former Bidadari Cemetery.

#### Present

After a body is cremated, the family of the deceased can store the ashes at home or in a columbarium, or scatter them in the sea or at a specially built garden. There are three crematoria in Singapore. The Mandai Crematorium, the only government facility, is now operated by the National Environment Agency. The other two crematoria are privately operated; one is in the Kong Meng San Phor Kark See Monastery at Bright Hill Drive, Bishan, and the other is in Tse Toh Aum Temple at Sin Ming Drive.

Currently, sea burial can be done by scattering the ashes of the deceased in the sea at about 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) south of Pulau Semakau. A proposed sea burial facility to be built at Tanah Merah by the end of 2019 was eventually cancelled. While still not a common choice, sea burial is slowly gaining popularity with people who do not wish to burden their family with paying their respects during festivals. It is also generally cheaper than placing ashes in an urn at a columbarium.

In-land ash scattering can also be done at the Garden of Peace, an ash scattering garden, located at Choa Chu Kang Cemetery Complex. Ashes are scattered at designated lanes, allowing the ashes to mix with the soil below. Watering equipment are provided to allow family members to mix the ashes with the soil.

There are three government columbaria and 57 private ones. The government-operated columbaria are at Mandai, Yishun and Choa Chu Kang. Private columbaria are operated by the Kong Meng San Phor Kark See Monastery, the Roman Catholic Church of Saint Mary of the Angels in Bukit Batok, and the Singapore Soka Association, among others. As with crematoria, there is a significant price difference between niches in private and government columbaria. A standard niche in any government columbarium costs lesser than a private niche at a private columbarium. The government columbaria allocate niches sequentially while private columbaria allow families to choose niche locations subject to availability, and pre-book niches before death.

There has been an increase in the number of Singaporeans pre-booking niches at private crematoria, even though some people consider talking about death and pre-booking a final resting place inauspicious. Reasons for pre-booking include wanting one's ashes to be close to those of loved ones, and hedging against higher prices for niches in future. The bodies of foreigners (regardless of where they die) can be cremated in Singapore, but their ashes have to be placed in private columbaria.

It has been observed that the architecture of government columbaria reflects the outlook of the Singaporean nation. The early columbaria were simple, with few aesthetic ornaments, just like early Singaporean housing flats. The later columbaria have more modern designs, with well-designed landscaped environments, and looking similar to contemporary HDB (Housing and Development Board) flats. These columbaria include the Chua Chu Kang Columbarium and the Mandai Columbarium, which was renovated and expanded in 2004 to accommodate approximately another 60,000 niches. The designs are more elaborate, and are often reminiscent of other structures people often encounter in everyday life. Comparisons have been drawn between the architecture of these columbaria and that of schools and condominiums, and hypotheses have been made that such are deliberate efforts to eliminate the sense of fear and dread traditionally associated with landscapes of death.

## Further reading


title: Death in Small Doses (1957 film)

abstract: Death in Small Doses is a 1957 American film noir crime film directed by Joseph M. Newman and starring Peter Graves and Mala Powers. A government agent investigates the use of illegal amphetamines among long-haul truck drivers.

text:
# Death in Small Doses (1957 film)

***Death in Small Doses*** is a 1957 American film noir crime film directed by Joseph M. Newman and starring Peter Graves and Mala Powers. A government agent investigates the use of illegal amphetamines among long-haul truck drivers.

## Plot

A federal investigator (Peter Graves) poses as a truck driver to check pep-pill usage by long-haul truckers.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Death in Small Doses | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Joseph M. Newman |
| Screenplay by | John McGreevey |
| Based on | *Saturday Evening Post* article
by Arthur L. Davis |
| Produced by | Richard V. Heermance
(as Richard Heermance) |
| Starring | Peter Graves
Mala Powers |
| Cinematography | Carl E. Guthrie
(as Carl Guthrie) |
| Edited by | William Austin |
| Music by | Robert Wiley Miller
Emil Newman |
| Production
company | Allied Artists Pictures |
| Distributed by | Allied Artists Pictures |
| Release date | * September 15, 1957 (1957-09-15) |
| Running time | 79 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |