title: 2009–10 LSU Tigers basketball team

abstract: The 2009–10 LSU Tigers men's basketball team represented the Louisiana State University in the 2009–10 college basketball season. The head coach was Trent Johnson, who was in his second season at LSU. The team played its home games in the Pete Maravich Assembly Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and is a member of the Southeastern Conference. They finished the season 11–20, 2–14 in SEC play and lost in the first round of the 2010 SEC men's basketball tournament.

text:
# 2009–10 LSU Tigers basketball team

2009–10 Southeastern Conference men's basketball standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | PCT |  |  | W |  | L |  | PCT |
| East | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| No. 2 Kentucky | 14 |  | 2 |  | .875 |  |  | 35 |  | 3 |  | .921 |
| No. 21 Vanderbilt | 12 |  | 4 |  | .750 |  |  | 24 |  | 9 |  | .727 |
| No. 15 Tennessee | 11 |  | 5 |  | .688 |  |  | 28 |  | 9 |  | .757 |
| Florida | 9 |  | 7 |  | .563 |  |  | 21 |  | 13 |  | .618 |
| South Carolina | 6 |  | 10 |  | .375 |  |  | 15 |  | 16 |  | .484 |
| Georgia | 5 |  | 11 |  | .313 |  |  | 14 |  | 17 |  | .452 |
| West | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Mississippi State | 9 |  | 7 |  | .563 |  |  | 24 |  | 12 |  | .667 |
| Mississippi | 9 |  | 7 |  | .563 |  |  | 24 |  | 11 |  | .686 |
| Arkansas | 7 |  | 9 |  | .438 |  |  | 14 |  | 18 |  | .438 |
| Alabama | 6 |  | 10 |  | .375 |  |  | 17 |  | 15 |  | .531 |
| Auburn | 6 |  | 10 |  | .375 |  |  | 15 |  | 17 |  | .469 |
| LSU | 2 |  | 14 |  | .125 |  |  | 11 |  | 20 |  | .355 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2010 SEC tournament winner
As of March 30, 2010
Rankings from AP Poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **2009–10 LSU Tigers men's basketball team** represented the Louisiana State University in the 2009–10 college basketball season. The head coach was Trent Johnson, who was in his second season at LSU. The team played its home games in the Pete Maravich Assembly Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and is a member of the Southeastern Conference. They finished the season 11–20, 2–14 in SEC play and lost in the first round of the 2010 SEC men's basketball tournament.

## Previous season

Trent Johnson completed his first season as head coach of the Tiger men's basketball team in 2009. His first season was very successful as the Tigers won the SEC West division title and the overall SEC regular-season title which earned them the #1 seed in the 2009 SEC men's basketball tournament. As a result of earning the top seed, the Tigers received a first-round bye. The Tigers defeated the Kentucky Wildcats in the second round 67-58. However, Mississippi St. proved to be too much in the semi-finals eliminating the Tigers 57-67.

After the SEC Tournament, the Tigers' fate was in the hands of the NCAA Tournament selection committee. The Tigers were awarded the #8 seed in the South bracket for the 2009 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. This was the first time the Tigers had made the NCAA tournament since making it to 2006 Final Four. The Tigers had to travel to Greensboro, North Carolina to play the first two rounds of the tournament.

In the opening round of the tournament, LSU squared off against the #9 seed Butler, who finished the regular season 26-5. The Tigers seemed to be in control of the game leading by as much as 13, and by a score of 35-29 at the half. However, Butler continued to fight their way back using the size of Matt Howard who finished the game with 22. In the end, though, the Tigers were able to prevail 75-71 behind Marcus Thornton's 30 points.

The 2008-09 squad compiled and overall record of 27-8, including a 13-3 mark in SEC play.

## Preseason

The 2009–10 Tigers men's basketball team had a much different look than the team that competed in the previous season. The Tigers replaced the following seniors from 2008–09:

However, Tasmin Mitchell decided to withdraw his name from the 2009 NBA draft and return to LSU for his red-shirt senior season. He joined junior Bo Spencer as the only two starters returning from last year.

### Honors

Senior forward Tasmin Mitchell was the only Tiger to receive any preseason accolades. Mitchell was recently named to watchlist for the 2009–10 Naismith Award, as well as being rated the #4 small forward in college basketball by Rivals.com. During SEC media days prior to the season, Mitchell was named a unanimous First Team All-SEC selection by the SEC coaches.

### Recruiting class

US college sports recruiting information for high school athletes
| Name | Hometown | High school / college | Height | Weight | Commit date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Aaron Dotson**
*SG* | Seattle, WA | Rainier Beach High School | 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) | 194 lb (88 kg) | Oct 22, 2008 |
| | **Recruiting star ratings:** Scout:   Rivals:   247Sports: *N/A*    ESPN grade: 93 | | | | | | |
| **Eddie Ludwig**
*PF* | Metairie, Louisiana | Metairie Park Country Day School | 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m) | 195 lb (88 kg) | Oct 13, 2008 |
| | **Recruiting star ratings:** Scout:   Rivals:   247Sports: *N/A*    ESPN grade: 87 | | | | | | |
| **Overall recruiting rankings:** Scout: *Not ranked*   Rivals: *Not ranked* | | | | | | |
| * *Note*: In many cases, Scout, Rivals, 247Sports, and ESPN may conflict in their listings of height and weight. * In these cases, the average was taken. ESPN grades are on a 100-point scale.  *Sources:*
* "LSU Commit List for 2009". Rivals.com. Retrieved November 11, 2010. * "Men's Basketball Recruiting". Scout.com. Retrieved November 11, 2010. * "College Basketball Recruiting Schools". ESPN.com. Retrieved November 11, 2010. * "Scout.com Team Recruiting Rankings". Scout.com. Retrieved November 11, 2010. * "2009 Team Ranking". Rivals.com. Retrieved November 11, 2010. | | | | | | |

## Roster

| 2009–10 LSU Tigers men's basketball team | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| Pos. # Name Height Weight Year Hometown  1 Tasmin Mitchell 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m) 245 lb (111 kg) Sr Denham Springs, Louisiana  3 Garrett Green 6 ft 11 in (2.11 m) 230 lb (104 kg) So Woodland Hills, California  4 Chris Bass 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) 185 lb (84 kg) So Baton Rouge, Louisiana  5 Malcolm White 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m) 225 lb (102 kg) Jr Baton Rouge, Louisiana  10 Daron Populist 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) 170 lb (77 kg) Fr Slidell, Louisiana  11 Bo Spencer 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) 186 lb (84 kg) Jr Baton Rouge, Louisiana  12 Aaron Dotson 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) 205 lb (93 kg) Fr Seattle, Washington  13 Eddie Ludwig 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m) 215 lb (98 kg) Fr Metairie, Louisiana  14 Chris Beattie 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) 189 lb (86 kg) Jr Slidell, Louisiana  15 Dennis Harris 6 ft 11 in (2.11 m) 190 lb (86 kg) Fr Jonesboro, Georgia  G/F 1 Calvin Traxler 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) 200 lb (91 kg) Fr Grand Rapids, Michigan  22 Taylor Jacobsen 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) 205 lb (93 kg) So Charlotte, North Carolina  24 Storm Warren 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m) 230 lb (104 kg) So Monroe, Louisiana  30 Alex Farrer 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) 200 lb (91 kg) Sr Baton Rouge, Louisiana | Head coach Assistant coach(es)   ---  Legend* **(C)** Team captain * **(S)** Suspended * **(I)** Ineligible * **(W)** Walk-on  ---  Roster
Last update: 2009-11-11 |

## Schedule

| 2010 LSU Tigers basketball Game Log |
| --- |
| Regular Season |
|
| November    # Date Time Opponent# Rank Location TV Attendance Score Overall Record SEC Record  1 November 13 7:00 p.m. Louisiana–Monroe  Maravich Center **·** Baton Rouge, Louisiana  9,081 82-62 1-0 -  2 November 16 7:00 p.m. Indiana State  Maravich Center **·** Baton Rouge, Louisiana  8,113 56-45 2-0 -  3 November 17 7:00 p.m. Western Kentucky  Maravich Center **·** Baton Rouge, Louisiana  8,220 71-60 3-0 -  4 November 25 6:00 p.m. #13 Connecticut  Madison Square Garden **·** New York ESPN2  55-81 3-1 -  5 November 27 1:30 p.m. Arizona State  Madison Square Garden **·** New York ESPN2  52-71 3-2 - |
| December    # Date Time Opponent# Rank Location TV Attendance Score Overall Record SEC Record  6 December 1 6:30 p.m. Louisiana-Lafayette  Maravich Center **·** Baton Rouge, Louisiana CST 8,107 66-58 4-2 -  7 December 12 7:00 p.m. Northwestern St.  Maravich Center **·** Baton Rouge, Louisiana  8,414 73-62 5-2 -  8 December 14 7:00 p.m. Southeastern La  Maravich Center **·** Baton Rouge, Louisiana  8,003 77-60 6-2 -  9 December 17 7:00 p.m. Nicholls St.  Maravich Center **·** Baton Rouge, Louisiana CST 7,957 63-60 7-2 -  10 December 19 1:00 p.m. Rice  Maravich Center **·** Baton Rouge, Louisiana CST 8,629 65-61 8-2 -  11 December 22 9:00 p.m. Washington St.  KeyArena **·** Seattle, WA  15,341 70-72 OT 8-3 -  12 December 29 6:00 p.m. Xavier (Ohio)  Cintas Center **·** Cincinnati ESPNU 10,250 65-89 8-4 - |
| January    # Date Time Opponent# Rank Location TV Attendance Score Overall Record SEC Record  13 January 2 7:00 p.m. Utah  Maravich Center **·** Baton Rouge, Louisiana CSS 8,631 59-61 8-5 -  14 January 4 7:00 p.m. McNeese St.  Maravich Center **·** Baton Rouge, Louisiana  7,807 83-60 9-5 -  15 January 9 4:00 p.m. Alabama  Maravich Center **·** Baton Rouge, Louisiana FSN 9,666 49-66 9-6 0-1  16 January 13 7:00 p.m. South Carolina  Colonial Life Arena **·** Columbia, South Carolina SECN 12,103 58-67 9-7 0-2  17 January 16 7:00 p.m. Florida  O'Connell Center **·** Gainesville, Florida FSN 11,627 58-72 9-8 0-3  18 January 20 7:00 p.m. Auburn  Maravich Center **·** Baton Rouge, Louisiana SECN 9,445 80-84 9-9 0-4  19 January 23 12:30 p.m. #24 Ole Miss  Maravich Center **·** Baton Rouge, Louisiana SECN 9,403 63-73 9-10 0-5  20 January 27 7:00 p.m. Alabama  Coleman Coliseum **·** Tuscaloosa, AL SECN 10,657 38-57 9-11 0-6  21 January 30 12:30 p.m. Mississippi St.  Humphrey Coliseum **·** Starkville, Mississippi SECN 7,247 51-67 9-12 0-7 |
| February    # Date Time Opponent# Rank Location TV Attendance Score Overall Record SEC Record  22 February 4 8:00 p.m. #14 Tennessee  Maravich Center **·** Baton Rouge, Louisiana  9,052 54-59 9-13 0-8  23 February 6 3:00 p.m. #4 Kentucky  Maravich Center **·** Baton Rouge, Louisiana SECN 13,083 55-81 9-14 0-9  24 February 10 7:00 p.m. Arkansas  Bud Walton Arena **·** Fayetteville, Arkansas SECN 12,777 52-87 9-15 0-10  25 February 13 12:30 p.m. Vanderbilt  Memorial Gymnasium **·** Nashville, Tennessee SECN 14,316 69-77 9-16 0-11  26 February 20 3:00 p.m. Mississippi St.  Maravich Center **·** Baton Rouge, Louisiana SECN 9,434 59-60 9-17 0-12  27 February 24 7:00 p.m. Arkansas  Maravich Center **·** Baton Rouge, Louisiana SECN 8,463 65-54 10-17 1-12  28 February 27 6:00 p.m. Auburn  Beard-Eaves-Memorial Coliseum **·** Auburn, AL FSN 8,927 59-74 10-18 1-13 |
| March    # Date Time Opponent# Rank Location TV Attendance Score Overall Record SEC Record  29 March 4 8:00 p.m. Ole Miss  Tad Smith Coliseum **·** Oxford, Mississippi  6,430 59-72 10-19 1-14  30 March 6 4:00 p.m. Georgia  Maravich Center **·** Baton Rouge, Louisiana FSN 9,328 50-48 11-19 2-14 |
| Post-Season |
|
| SEC Tournament    # Date Time Opponent# Rank Location TV Attendance Score Overall Record  29 March 11 2:30 p.m. #13 Tennessee  Bridgestone Arena **·** Nashville, Tennessee SECN 15,152 49-59 11-20 |

## InfoBox

| 2009–10 LSU Tigers basketball | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conference | Southeastern Conference |
| Record | 11–20 (2–14 SEC) |
| Head coach |  |
| Assistant coaches |  |
| Home arena | Pete Maravich Assembly Center |
|


title: Cosimo Fancelli

abstract: Cosimo Fancelli was an Italian sculptor of the Baroque period, active mainly in Rome. He worked on a number of commissions with Pietro da Cortona from 1647 until Cortona's death in 1669. Gian Lorenzo Bernini considered him one of the best sculptors in Rome.

text:
# Cosimo Fancelli

**Cosimo Fancelli**  (c.1620  3 April 1688) was an Italian sculptor of the Baroque period, active mainly in Rome. He worked on a number of commissions with Pietro da Cortona from 1647 until Cortona's death in 1669. Gian Lorenzo Bernini considered him one of the best sculptors in Rome.

## Life

Cosimo Fancelli was born in Rome, the son of Carlo Fancelli, a stonecutter from Settignano. Like his older brother, the sculptor Giacomo Antonio Fancelli, he began his career as an assistant in the studio of Gian Lorenzo Bernini.

Around 1645 he did a relief of "Christ and the mother of SS. Giacomo ex Giovanni" for Santa Maria Portae Paradisi. Around 1646 Fancelli sculpted the statue of "Justice" in the Cappella della Sacra Famiglia at the Church of the Gesù. In 1647-48 he created with his brother the stucco figures of *Clemenza* and *Contemplazione* on the pendentives of the second arch to the right of the central nave of St. Peter's Basilica and collaborated on the ornamentation of the pillars. He also worked in repairing and restoring statues.

In 1647 he allied with Pietro da Cortona to work on the frescoes of Santa Maria in Vallicella, a project that took intermittently twenty years. In 1664–65 Fancelli provided the elaborate white and gilt stucco work framing Cortona's nave vault fresco of the 'Miracle of the Madonna della Vallicella'. On this he also worked with Ercole Ferrata.

He and his brother sculpted the figure of the *Nile* in the Fountain of the Four Rivers at Piazza Navona. By 1652, Bernini considered Cosimo Fancelli one of the best sculptors in Rome.

The bronze altarpiece of the "Deposition", for the Chigi Chapel at Santa Maria della Pace, was modeled by Fancelli from a drawing by Cortona, and cast by Artusi. It is considered one of Fancelli's best work.

Cortona and Fancelli worked together on the decoration at Santi Luca e Martina (c. 1649), Santa Maria della Pace (1656), San Carlo al Corso (after 1665), and the vault of the Chiesa Nuova (1662–65). For an altar in the lower church of Santa Maria in Via Lata (1661) he created a bas relief depicting the "Rest on the Flight to Egypt". It has since been relocated to a room next the sacristy.

He also worked with Francesco Borromini on the Re Magi Chapel at the Propaganda Fide.

In 1668 Cortona designed the ceiling fresco work for the Gavotti chapel in San Nicola da Tolentino agli Orti Sallustiani. Fancelli did the sculptural relief of the *Apparition of the Blessed Virgin of Savona to Blessed Anthony Botta* at the altar. In 1669, Bernini assigned him to complete the *Angel with Sudarium* on Ponte Sant'Angelo.

The latter part of his career, he worked regularly for two of the most important Roman families, the Borghese and the Altieri, assisted by his brother Francesco. Among his pupils was Francesco Cavallini of Carrarra.

Fancelli is described as of delicate build, not very tall, of straight black hair, fair complexion, "...of good grace, and attractive in appearance, and very honest..." He was a member of the Accademia di San Luca.

In 1654 the Fancelli married Margherita Fiammetti, with whom he had two daughters, Maddalena in 1656 and Angela in 1658. Cortona was Angela's godfather. He lived with his family for all his life in the parish of S. Nicola in Arcione, where he was born. Cosimo Fancelli died in Rome on 3 April 1688, and is buried at San Nicola da Tolentino.

## Sources

* Wittkower, Rudolf (1993). "Art and Architecture Italy, 1600–1750". *Pelican History of Art*. 1980. Penguin Books. pp. 316–317.
* Getty ULAN entry


title: Cosimo Gamberucci

abstract: Cosimo Gamberucci was a Florentine painter and a scholar of Battista Naldini. He did not attain to great celebrity in the art, although some of his works in the churches at Florence, particularly his picture of St. Peter curing the lame Man, in San Pietro Maggiore, just amount to respectability. He also painted easel pictures, which are found in the collections at Florence.

text:
# Cosimo Gamberucci

**Cosimo Gamberucci** (8 January 1562 – 24 December 1621) was a Florentine painter and a scholar of Battista Naldini. He did not attain to great celebrity in the art, although some of his works in the churches at Florence, particularly his picture of *St. Peter curing the lame Man,* in San Pietro Maggiore, just amount to respectability. He also painted easel pictures, which are found in the collections at Florence.

* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Bryan, Michael (1886). "Gamberucci, Cosimo". In Graves, Robert Edmund (ed.). *Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers (A–K)*. Vol. I (3rd ed.). London: George Bell & Sons.


title: Styxon

abstract: Styxon is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, Styxon ciniferalis, which is found in China (Guangdong).

text:
# Styxon

***Styxon*** is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. It contains only one species, ***Styxon ciniferalis***, which is found in China (Guangdong).

## InfoBox

| *Styxon* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Subfamily: | Crambinae |
| Tribe: | *incertae sedis* |
| Genus: | *Styxon*
Bleszynski, 1962 |
| Species: | ***S. ciniferalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Styxon ciniferalis***
(Caradja, 1925) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Stenochilo ciniferalis* Caradja, 1925 | |


title: Styx River (West Central Queensland)

abstract: The Styx River is a river in the western portion of Central Queensland, Australia. The headwaters of the river rise on the Gilberton Plateau in the Einasleigh Uplands, part of the Atherton Tableland in the Great Dividing Range. The river flows generally south by southwest through the Blackbraes National Park before reaching its confluence with the Gilbert River below Conical Hill. The river descends 121 metres (397 ft) over its 24-kilometre (15 mi) course.

text:
# Styx River (West Central Queensland)

The **Styx River** is a river in the western portion of Central Queensland, Australia.

The headwaters of the river rise on the Gilberton Plateau in the Einasleigh Uplands, part of the Atherton Tableland in the Great Dividing Range. The river flows generally south by southwest through the Blackbraes National Park before reaching its confluence with the Gilbert River below Conical Hill. The river descends 121 metres (397 ft) over its 24-kilometre (15 mi) course.

## InfoBox

| Styx | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Styx River mouth in Queensland | |
| Location | |
| Country | Australia |
| State | Queensland |
| Region | Central Queensland |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Gilbert Range |
| location | below Mount Lookout |
| elevation | 746 m (2,448 ft) |
|  | |
| Mouth | confluence with the Gilbert River |
| location | below Conical Hill |
| coordinates | 19°15′01″S 143°55′18″E / 19.25028°S 143.92167°E / -19.25028; 143.92167 |
| elevation | 625 m (2,051 ft) |
| Length | 24 km (15 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| National park | Blackbraes National Park |
|  | |


title: Craig Anderson (1960s pitcher)

abstract: Norman Craig Anderson is an American former professional baseball pitcher, who played Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals and New York Mets for all or parts of four seasons (1961–1964). A native of Washington, D.C., he threw and batted right-handed and was listed as 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall and 205 pounds (93 kg).

text:
# Craig Anderson (1960s pitcher)

**Norman Craig Anderson** (born July 1, 1938) is an American former professional baseball pitcher, who played Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals and New York Mets for all or parts of four seasons (1961–1964). A native of Washington, D.C., he threw and batted right-handed and was listed as 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall and 205 pounds (93 kg).

## Scholastic career

Anderson attended Anacostia High School from 1953 to 1956. He played football, basketball, and baseball.

Anderson attended Lehigh University, playing both varsity football and varsity baseball. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in Business Administration in 1960 and then went on to earn an M.Ed. in Business Education from Southern Illinois University Carbondale in 1966.

## Playing career

Anderson signed with the Cardinals as an amateur free agent prior to the 1960 season. He made his MLB debut on June 23, 1961.

Anderson was selected by the Mets in the 1961 MLB Expansion Draft, on October 10, 1961. He played 19621964 with the Mets. Anderson led the 1962 Mets in appearances and saves. It was a team that ended up with a record of 40–120, the most losses by any Major MLB team in one season.

On May 12, 1962, Anderson was the winning pitcher on both ends of the first double-header the Mets ever won. After winning those two games against the Milwaukee Braves, he lost his last 16 decisions that season. (The losing streak would end at 19 games when Anderson's big league career ended, on May 31, 1964.) In that twin-bill, he became the first Mets pitcher to record two wins in a single day; only two other Mets pitchers since have accomplished this: Willard Hunter and Jesse Orosco.

On September 18, 1963, Anderson was the losing pitcher in the last baseball game ever played at the Polo Grounds, when the Philadelphia Phillies, behind lefty Chris Short, beat the Mets 5–1.

In 82 games (17 starts), Anderson finished with a career record of 7 wins, 23 losses, 94 strikeouts, 192.1 innings pitched, 34 games finished, and an earned run average (ERA) of 5.10.

## InfoBox

| Craig Anderson | |
| --- | --- |
| Anderson with the New York Mets in 1962 | |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:**  (1938-07-01) July 1, 1938<br>Washington, D.C., U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| June 23, 1961, for the St. Louis Cardinals | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| May 31, 1964, for the New York Mets | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Win–loss record | 7–23 |
| Earned run average | 5.10 |
| Strikeouts | 94 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Craig Anderson (motocross)

abstract: Craig 'Ando' Anderson is an Australian professional motocross racer from West Wallsend in the Hunter Valley Region of New South Wales. In 2003, Anderson travelled to the United States to compete in the AMA 125cc national championship for the Yamaha of Troy team, he finished the year in seventh place overall and collected one win at Southwick, Massachusetts. Anderson was fired from the team following the season despite having two years remaining on his contract. In 2004, he moved up to the 250cc AMA national championship where he finished in 17th place overall. Anderson realised his future lay back in Australia, so he returned specifically to ride for Honda in the 2005 and 2006 seasons. In 2006 Anderson won the Australian Motocross title for Honda making it his 12th championship.

text:
# Craig Anderson (motocross)

**Craig 'Ando' Anderson** is an Australian professional motocross racer from West Wallsend in the Hunter Valley Region of New South Wales.

In 2003, Anderson travelled to the United States to compete in the AMA 125cc national championship for the Yamaha of Troy team, he finished the year in seventh place overall and collected one win at Southwick, Massachusetts. Anderson was fired from the team following the season despite having two years remaining on his contract. In 2004, he moved up to the 250cc AMA national championship where he finished in 17th place overall. Anderson realised his future lay back in Australia, so he returned specifically to ride for Honda in the 2005 and 2006 seasons. In 2006 Anderson won the Australian Motocross title for Honda making it his 12th championship.


title: Craignish, Queensland

abstract: Craignish is a coastal locality in the Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Craignish had a population of 2,190 people.

text:
# Craignish, Queensland

**Craignish** is a coastal locality in the Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Craignish had a population of 2,190 people.

## Geography

The locality is bounded to the west by Toogoom Cane Road, to north-west by O'Regan Creek and to the north by the coast overlooking Hervey Bay.

## History

Craignish State School opened on 24 January 1938 on land donated by Mrs Elizabeth (Lizzie) Campbell whose husband Robert had named his property at Dundowran *Craignish* (a Scottish name meaning *rugged rocky place*) so the school took this name as a "token of gratitude". The school closed in 1961. It was located at approx 471 Craignish Road (25°17′24″S 152°44′02″E / 25.2901°S 152.7338°E / -25.2901; 152.7338 (Craignish State School (former))). This is presumably the origin of the locality name.

O'Reagan Creek takes its name from Maurice (Morry) O'Regan (1835-1920) who was a pioneer timbergetter in the area.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census Craignish had a population of 1,827 people.

In the 2021 census, Craignish had a population of 2,190 people.

## Education

There are no schools in Craignish. The nearest government primary school is Yarrilee State School in Urraween to the east. The nearest government secondary school is Hervey Bay State High School in Pialba, also to the east.

## InfoBox

| Craignish
Queensland | |
| --- | --- |
| Craignish landscape, 2017 | |
| Craignish | |
| Coordinates | 25°16′59″S 152°43′44″E / 25.2830°S 152.7288°E / -25.2830; 152.7288 (Craignish (centre of locality)) |
| Population | 2,190 (2021 census) |
| • Density | 141.3/km2 (365.9/sq mi) |
| Postcode(s) | 4655 |
| Area | 15.5 km2 (6.0 sq mi) |
| Time zone | AEST (UTC+10:00) |
| Location |  |
| LGA(s) | Fraser Coast Region |
| State electorate(s) | Maryborough |
| Federal division(s) | Hinkler |
| **Suburbs around Craignish:**  Toogoom *Hervey Bay* Dundowran Beach  Takura Craignish Dundowran  Takura Takura Takura | |


title: Crambus sanfordellus

abstract: Crambus sanfordellus is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Alexander Barrett Klots in 1942. It is found in the US state of Florida. The length of the forewings is about 11.6 mm.

text:
# Crambus sanfordellus

***Crambus sanfordellus*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Alexander Barrett Klots in 1942. It is found in the US state of Florida.

The length of the forewings is about 11.6 mm.

## Etymology

The species is named for Mr. L. J. Sanford, one of the species collectors.

## InfoBox

| *Crambus sanfordellus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Crambus* |
| Species: | ***C. sanfordellus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Crambus sanfordellus***<br>Klots, 1942 | |
|


title: Couratari prancei

abstract: Couratari prancei is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Brazil and Peru. It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Couratari prancei

***Couratari prancei*** is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Brazil and Peru. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Couratari prancei* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Lecythidaceae |
| Genus: | *Couratari* |
| Species: | ***C. prancei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Couratari prancei***
W. Rodrigues | |
|


title: Couratari pyramidata

abstract: Couratari pyramidata is a species of flowering plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is endemic to Brazil, where it is limited to the region around Rio de Janeiro.

text:
# Couratari pyramidata

***Couratari pyramidata*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is endemic to Brazil, where it is limited to the region around Rio de Janeiro.

## InfoBox

| *Couratari pyramidata* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Lecythidaceae |
| Genus: | *Couratari* |
| Species: | ***C. pyramidata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Couratari pyramidata***
(Vellozo) Knuth | |
|


title: Cremorne Theatre

abstract: The Cremorne Theatre was a theatre in South Brisbane, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia that operated, with interruptions, from 1911 to 1954. Although nothing remains of it today, the general location retains its cultural significance from the first half of the twentieth century as a theatre precinct, thanks to the nearby construction of Queensland Performing Arts Centre (QPAC) in 1985. Its name lives on in the new Cremorne Theatre, one of the venues within QPAC.

text:
# Cremorne Theatre

**The Cremorne Theatre** was a theatre in South Brisbane (now part of South Bank), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia that operated, with interruptions, from 1911 to 1954. Although nothing remains of it today, the general location retains its cultural significance from the first half of the twentieth century as a theatre precinct, thanks to the nearby construction of Queensland Performing Arts Centre (QPAC) in 1985. Its name lives on in the new Cremorne Theatre, one of the venues within QPAC.

## Location

The Cremorne Theatre was located on the river side of Stanley Street, South Brisbane, between Peel and Melbourne Streets, just to the north of where the Victoria Bridge crossed the Brisbane River from the city (27°28′21″S 153°01′08″E / 27.4726°S 153.0188°E / -27.4726; 153.0188). The street alignments were changed with the South Bank development in the 1980s, with Stanley Street removed for much of its length from Vulture Street up to today's Stanley Place. The former theatre site is under the current Queensland Art Gallery, not far from the 1985 QPAC theatre complex. QPAC's site on Melbourne Street adjoins the Cultural Centre Tunnel which turns under what would have been that street's intersection with Stanley Street and then follows the old street alignment past the Cremorne Theatre site.

## History

### Prior to the theatre

The theatre when it opened in 1911 was originally called the Cremorne Gardens, taking the name from a previous venue at the Stanley Street site. The name connects Brisbane to a riverside "pleasure garden" tradition from the Cremorne Gardens in London (1845–1877) and its Australian equivalents such as Cremorne Gardens, Melbourne (1853–1863); Sydney (1856–1862); Albany (1896–1910), Kalgoorlie (1907–current) and Perth (1895–1914) WA; and in Queensland: Rockhampton (1863 – 1886), Mackay (1886–1958) and Charters Towers (1902 – 1910?). The current South Bank development itself can be seen as a modern equivalent to the Cremorne Gardens concept, at a scale much closer to the originals in London and Melbourne.

These pre-1911 Brisbane Cremorne Gardens, were likely, given the site size, much more modest than their antecedents. The first mention of them is being advertised as a concert venue for a pantomime company and a violin concert in 1902. The venue is also referred to in the Advertisement as O'Connor's Gardens. J.D. O'Connor was the publican of O'Connor's Hotel in Stanley Street in 1902. J.D. O'Connor's father-in-law, John Graham, had owned land in South Brisbane since 1842, and had run hotels in the vicinity from 1866 to 1896. In 1888 John Graham established Graham's Family Hotel in Stanley Street, South Brisbane and held the licence until 1896 when it was transferred to his son-in-law, who changed the name to O'Connor's Hotel.

There is a report in 1903 of O'Connor's Hotel having gardens on an extensive site and including a theatre called the Cremorne Gardens:

> "There is a great area of ground, and every part of it is judiciously utilised. Between the frontages in Stanley and Grey streets are carpets of green grass and a wealth of tropical foliage, amidst which are scattered rustic seats and gas jets. ... There is even a theatre, known as Cremorne Gardens, used occasionally for public entertainments, and frequently for social gatherings."

Despite this report of a "theatre" existing in 1903, the historical sources cited in the next section all agree that the theatre was built in 1911. However, it is clear that a venue called Cremorne Gardens which included garden features was used for public performances for some years prior to 1911.

In 1905, J.D. O'Connor built a home, Cremorne, Hamilton, which appears to have been named after this part of his business. The house survives today as a heritage-listed villa at 34 Mullens Street, Hamilton, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

The Cremorne Gardens at O'Connor's Hotel continued as a concert and light theatre venue until 1909 when J.D. O'Connor retired and sold his business.

### The theatre is built

Brisbane's Cremorne Theatre (originally known as the Cremorne Gardens) was built in 1911 by variety entrepreneur Edward Branscombe as part of an Australia-wide circuit of open-air theatres designed especially for his Dandies costume comedy companies. Originally an open-air structure with seating for about 1,800, the Cremorne Theatre opened on 5 August 1911 with a light program of music and sketches under the title "The Dandies." The newspaper, *The Brisbane Courier*, reported:

> "...the goodly number of patrons present noted with satisfaction this well arranged auditorium, the whole place, upon which the title of 'Cremorne' has been bestowed, wearing an air of neatness, brightness and comfort."

Eight months later, a company, The Dandies Limited, was floated to buy the "Cremorne Gardens" site, which had an 88-foot frontage to Stanley Street, and also the theatrical business. The Prospectus claimed that £5,000 of improvements had been made to the property.

Brisbane's subtropical climate meant that the theatre's use was frequently interrupted by rainfall and it was closed temporarily in 1917 while weatherproof awnings were erected.

The theatre was at first managed, and then after its sale in 1916 by Branscombe's company, owned and operated, by John Neil McCallum, the father of Australian actor and producer, John McCallum. During the first ten years it was used mostly for vaudeville and variety shows, and for occasional drama productions with limited success. By 1919 MacCallum's company (The Dandies \[Queensland\] Limited) had improved and expanded the venue to a 3,000 seat capacity.

McCallum, like O'Connor before him, built a house which he called Cremorne after his theatre. The name can still be seen above its entrance gateway at 152 Flinders Parade, Sandgate.

In 1926, the theatre was leased by McCallum to Greater Brisbane Amusements and a new ceiling and seating was installed in July of that year. It continued to prosper on and off; but by 1929 it was closed, being used only for meetings and the occasional amateur theatre production. During the early 1930s, the Brisbane Arts Theatre, the Brisbane Comic Opera and the Brisbane Repertory Theatre Society used it either as rehearsal space or for the staging of their productions.

In 1934 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer converted the building into a cinema by installing a new proscenium, a screen, a new sound system, and by reducing the size of the auditorium down to 1,300. This use continued until 1940.

### The Second World War

At the beginning of World War II, the theatre returned to the presentation of vaudeville, becoming the regular venue for Brisbane appearances by artists touring Australia for Tivoli Circuit, a national entertainment entrepreneur. The Cremorne Ballet, a female dance group who presented a slightly 'naughty' act, commanded a good following both with local and visiting men.

Then in 1943, the management was taken over by Will Mahoney and his wife, American entertainer Evie Hayes, together with American businessman Bob Geraghty. During World War II, the Cremorne became a popular entertainment venue for Australian and American servicemen on leave. Mahoney and Hayes appeared on stage regularly along with leading artists like comedian Roy Rene, actor and comedian George Wallace, actor, stuntman and circus performer Jim Gerald, singer Olga Vernon, comedian Buster Fiddess, vaudevillian Peggy Mortimer, actor and entertainer Morry Barling, Ron and Iris Shand – both were actors and versatile stage performers, and chatting cartoonist "Inky" Williams. Peggy Mortimer also appeared under her married name, Peggy Toppano, and was invited to perform at the Cremorne Theatre by Bob Geraghty.

### Post-war

After the war, the Cremorne's role faded despite occasional professional use under strong competition from cinemas and a general decline in demand for live entertainment. From 1949 onwards, local groups used it for productions. In particular, The Brisbane Opera Society and the Theatre Guild of Queensland appeared there regularly.

It was in fact with the Brisbane Opera Society, under the musical direction of George English, that arguably Australia's most famous operatic tenor Donald Smith (tenor), sang his first operas. Some of these operas included "Merry England" by Edward German, "The Bohemian Girl" by Michael William Balfe, "Maritana" by William Vincent Wallace, Gunoud's "Faust" and Ruggero Leoncavallo opera "Pagliacci".

John McCallum leased the theatre to Universal International Pictures in 1951 and by mid-1952 the building had been converted for use as offices and storage facilities for film distribution. The last recorded program is for a production by the Musical & Theatre Guild of Queensland of "The Desert Song" on 3 May 1952. The Theatre burnt down in 1954 and was never rebuilt.

### Legacy

Fifteen years after the Cremorne Theatre's demise, in the late 1960s, proposals were put forward for a theatre complex for the city, but these did not progress until the impending loss of Her Majesty's Theatre in 1974. The Queensland Performing Arts Centre (QPAC) was the result and was completed in 1985 on a site just around the corner from the old Cremorne Theatre.

The QPAC management makes claim to be continuing the heritage of the Cremorne Theatre as part of a "cultural precinct". There is a new Cremorne Theatre within the QPAC complex, although it is the smallest theatre within the complex at 312 seats. The four QPAC theatres – the Concert Hall, Lyric Theatre, Playhouse and Cremorne Theatre combined have a seat capacity at 4,950 which is about two third's higher again than that of the original Cremorne Theatre at its height.

The current building includes, at ground level, a Gallery used for theatre exhibitions, for example, in 2016 "Theatres of War" which included a poster from the original Cremorne Theatre's own wartime service in World War II.

### Today's Theatre

## InfoBox

Cremorne Theatre
| Cremorne Gardens
Cremorne Cinema | |
| --- | --- |
| Cremorne Theatre, c.1934 | |
|  | |
| Address | Stanley Street, South Brisbane
Brisbane, Brisbane
Australia |
| Coordinates | 27°28′28″S 153°01′13″E / 27.474464°S 153.020233°E / -27.474464; 153.020233 |
| Owner | John Neil MacCallum |
| Type | Vaudeville, Burlesque, Drama |
| Capacity | 1911 – 1,800 1919–1933 – 3,000, 1934–1952 1,300 |
| Opened | 1911 |
| Closed | 1954 |
| Years active | 1902–1909, 1911–1929, 1930–1934, 1940–1952 |


title: Cremosperma

abstract: Cremosperma is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Gesneriaceae. Its native range is Panama to Peru. Species:

text:
# Cremosperma

***Cremosperma*** is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Gesneriaceae.

Its native range is Panama to Peru.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Cremosperma* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Gesneriaceae |
| Genus: | *Cremosperma*<br>Benth. |
|


abstract: Success Will Write Apocalypse Across the Sky (SWWAATS) is an American death metal band from Tampa, Florida, formed in 2006. The group was founded by guitarists Aaron Haines and Ian Sturgill, shortly after the disbandment of their previous band, Bodies in the Gears of the Apparatus. The band's name was inspired by a 1989 text titled "Apocalypse", written by William S. Burroughs, and also "inspired and supported by a healthy amount of paranoia," as guitarist Sturgill stated in an interview with About.com. The group's first release, an EP entitled Subhuman Empire, was released in July 2007 through Debello Recordings. In December 2007, Success Will Write Apocalypse Across the Sky signed a deal with German label Nuclear Blast. The band's full-length debut, The Grand Partition and the Abrogation of Idolatry, was produced, mixed and mastered by guitarist James Murphy, and released on April 3, 2009, in Europe and on May 5, 2009, in the United States. The lyrical themes of Success Will Write Apocalypse Across the Sky, which were defined by Exclaim! magazine as "a big 'fuck you' to all of humanity," address topics like "wage slavery, psychological warfare, 'denial and contortion' of human rights, globalism, and eugenics". Vocalist John Collett cites authors such as H. P. Lovecraft, Mark Twain, Bram Stoker, and Ambrose Bierce as some of his lyrical influences.

text:
# Success Will Write Apocalypse Across the Sky

**Success Will Write Apocalypse Across the Sky** (**SWWAATS**) is an American death metal band from Tampa, Florida, formed in 2006. The group was founded by guitarists Aaron Haines and Ian Sturgill, shortly after the disbandment of their previous band, Bodies in the Gears of the Apparatus. The band's name was inspired by a 1989 text titled "Apocalypse", written by William S. Burroughs (in which "he describes art and creative expression taking a literal and physical form"), and also "inspired and supported by a healthy amount of paranoia," as guitarist Sturgill stated in an interview with About.com.

The group's first release, an EP entitled *Subhuman Empire*, was released in July 2007 through Debello Recordings. In December 2007, Success Will Write Apocalypse Across the Sky signed a deal with German label Nuclear Blast. The band's full-length debut, *The Grand Partition and the Abrogation of Idolatry*, was produced, mixed and mastered by guitarist James Murphy, and released on April 3, 2009, in Europe and on May 5, 2009, in the United States.

The lyrical themes of Success Will Write Apocalypse Across the Sky, which were defined by *Exclaim!* magazine as "a big 'fuck you' to all of humanity," address topics like "wage slavery, psychological warfare, 'denial and contortion' of human rights, globalism, and eugenics". Vocalist John Collett cites authors such as H. P. Lovecraft, Mark Twain, Bram Stoker, and Ambrose Bierce as some of his lyrical influences.

## Members

### Current members

* Ian Sturgill – guitars, backing vocals (2006–present)
* John Collett – lead vocals (2007–present)
* Jennifer Muse – samples (2008–present)
* Matt Simpson – bass (2008–present)
* Shaun De Leon – guitars (2012–present)

### Former members

* JR Daniels – drums
* Aaron Haines – guitars
* Chris Woodall – bass
* Mike Petrak – drums
* Jesse Jolly – bass
* Pete Lamb – drums

### Session and touring members

* Mike Heller – drums (2009)
* Sally Gates – guitar (2009)
* Angel Cotte – drums (2013)

## Discography

## InfoBox

| Success Will Write Apocalypse Across the Sky | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Tampa, Florida, United States |
| Genres | Death metal |
| Years active | 2006–present |
| Labels | Nuclear Blast |
|  | |
| Members | John Collett
Ian Sturgill
Matt Simpson
Jennifer Muse
Shaun DeLeon |
|  | |
| Past members | Pete Lamb
Mike Petrak
Jesse Jolly
Chris Woodall
JR Daniels
Aaron Haines |


title: Success likelihood index method

abstract: Success Likelihood Index Method (SLIM) is a technique used in the field of Human reliability Assessment (HRA), for the purposes of evaluating the probability of a human error occurring throughout the completion of a specific task. From such analyses measures can then be taken to reduce the likelihood of errors occurring within a system and therefore lead to an improvement in the overall levels of safety. There exist three primary reasons for conducting an HRA; error identification, error quantification and error reduction. As there exist a number of techniques used for such purposes, they can be split into one of two classifications; first generation techniques and second generation techniques. First generation techniques work on the basis of the simple dichotomy of ‘fits/doesn’t fit’ in the matching of the error situation in context with related error identification and quantification and second generation techniques are more theory based in their assessment and quantification of errors. ‘HRA techniques have been utilised in a range of industries including healthcare, engineering, nuclear, transportation and business sector; each technique has varying uses within different disciplines. SLIM is a decision-analytic approach to HRA which uses expert judgement to quantify Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs); factors concerning the individuals, environment or task, which have the potential to either positively or negatively affect performance e.g. available task time. Such factors are used to derive a Success Likelihood Index (SLI), a form of preference index, which is calibrated against existing data to derive a final Human Error Probability (HEP). The PSF's which require to be considered are chosen by experts and are namely those factors which are regarded as most significant in relation to the context in question. The technique consists of two modules: MAUD which scales the relative success likelihood in performing a range of tasks, given the PSFs probable to affect human performance; and SARAH which calibrates these success scores with tasks with known HEP values, to provide an overall figure.

text:
# Success likelihood index method

**Success Likelihood Index Method (SLIM)** is a technique used in the field of Human reliability Assessment (HRA), for the purposes of evaluating the probability of a human error occurring throughout the completion of a specific task. From such analyses measures can then be taken to reduce the likelihood of errors occurring within a system and therefore lead to an improvement in the overall levels of safety. There exist three primary reasons for conducting an HRA; error identification, error quantification and error reduction. As there exist a number of techniques used for such purposes, they can be split into one of two classifications; first generation techniques and second generation techniques. First generation techniques work on the basis of the simple dichotomy of ‘fits/doesn’t fit’ in the matching of the error situation in context with related error identification and quantification and second generation techniques are more theory based in their assessment and quantification of errors. ‘HRA techniques have been utilised in a range of industries including healthcare, engineering, nuclear, transportation and business sector; each technique has varying uses within different disciplines.

SLIM is a decision-analytic approach to HRA which uses expert judgement to quantify Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs); factors concerning the individuals, environment or task, which have the potential to either positively or negatively affect performance e.g. available task time. Such factors are used to derive a Success Likelihood Index (SLI), a form of preference index, which is calibrated against existing data to derive a final Human Error Probability (HEP). The PSF's which require to be considered are chosen by experts and are namely those factors which are regarded as most significant in relation to the context in question.

The technique consists of two modules: MAUD (multi-attribute utility decomposition) which scales the relative success likelihood in performing a range of tasks, given the PSFs probable to affect human performance; and SARAH (Systematic Approach to the Reliability Assessment of Humans) which calibrates these success scores with tasks with known HEP values, to provide an overall figure.

## Background

SLIM was developed by Embrey et al. \[1\] for use within the US nuclear industry. By use of this method, relative success likelihoods are established for a range of tasks, and then calibrated using a logarithmic transformation.

## SLIM methodology

The SLIM methodology breaks down into ten steps of which steps 1-7 are involved in SLIM-MAUD and 8-10 are SLIM-SARAH.

1. Definition of situations and subsets Upon selection of a relevant panel of experts who will carry out the assessment, these individuals are provided with as fully detailed a task description as possible with regards to the individual designated to perform each task and further factors which are likely to influence the success of each of these. An in depth description is a critical aspect of the procedure in order to ensure that all members of the assessing group share a common understanding of the given task. This may be further advanced through a group discussion prior to the commencement of the panel session to ascertain of consensus. Following this discussion, the tasks under consideration are then classified into a number of groupings depending upon the homogeneity of the PSF's that have an effect on each. Subsets are thus defined by those tasks which have in common specific PSFs and also by their weighting within a certain sub-group; this weighting is only an approximation at this stage of the process.
2. Elicitation of PSFs Random sets of 3 tasks are presented to experts from which they are required to compare one against the other two and subsequently identify an aspect in which the highlighted task differs from the remaining two; this dissimilarity should be a characteristic which affects the probability of successful task completion. The experts are then asked to highlight the low and high end-points of the identified PSF i.e. the optimality of the PSF in the context of the given task. For example, the PSF may be Time Pressure and therefore the end points of the scale would perhaps be “High level of pressure” to “Low level of pressure”. Other possible PSFs may be stress levels, task complexity or degree of teamwork required. The aim of this stage is to identify those PSF's which are most prevalent in affecting the tasks as opposed to eliciting all the possible influencing factors.
3. Rating the tasks on the PSFs The endpoints of each individual PSF, as identified by the expert, are then assigned the values 1 and 9 on a linear scale. Using this scale, the expert is required to assign to each task a rating, between the two end points, which accurately reflects, using their judgement, the conditions occurring in the task in question. It is optimal to consider each factor in turn so that the judgements made are independent from the influence of other factors which otherwise may affect opinion.
4. Ideal point elicitation and scaling calculations The “ideal” rating for each PSF is then selected on the scale constructed. The ideal is the point at which the PSF least degrades performance – for instance both low and high time pressure may contribute to increasing the chance of failure. The MAUD software then rescales all other ratings made on the scale in terms of their distance from this ideal point, with the closest being assigned as a 1 and the furthest from this point as a 0. This is done for all PSF's until the experts are agreed that the list of PSF's is exhausted and that all the scale positions identified are correctly positioned.
5. Independence checks Using the figures which represent the relative importance of each task and their rating on the relevant scale, these are multiplied to produce a Success Likelihood Index (SLI) figure for each task. To improve the validity of the process it is necessary to confirm that each of the scales in use are independent to ensure no overlap or double counting in the overall calculation of the index. To help carry out this validation task, MAUD software checks for correlations between the experts’ scoring on the different scales; if the scale ratings indicate a high correlation, the experts are consulted to reveal whether they agree in their meanings of the ratings on the two scales which are showing similarities. If this situation occurs, the experts are asked to define a new scale which will be a combination of the meaning of the two individually correlated scales. If the correlation is not significant then the scales are treated as independent; in this case, the concerned facilitator is required to make an informed decision as to whether or not the PSFs showing similarities are actually similar and should therefore ensure that a strong justification is explainable for the final decision.
6. Weighting procedure This stage of the process concentrates on eliciting the emphasis required to be weighted to each of the PSFs in terms of the influence on the success of a task. This is done by enquiring, with the experts, the likelihood of success between pairs of tasks while considering two previously identified PSFs. By noting where the experts’ opinion is changed, the weighting of the effect of each PSF on the task success can thus be inferred. To enhance the accuracy of the outcome, this stage should be carried out in an iterative manner.
7. Calculation of the SLI The Success Likelihood Index for each task is deduced using the following formula:

$$\mbox{SLI}\_{j}=\sum \_{i}R\_{ij}W\_{i}$$

Where
    * SLI*j* is the SLI for task *j*
    * *W**i* is the importance weight for the *i*th PSF
    * *R**ij* is the scaled rating of task *j* on the *i*th PSF
    * *x* represents the number of PSFs considered. These SLIs are estimates of the probability with which different types of error may occur.
8. Conversion of SLIs to probabilities The SLIs previously calculated require to be transformed to HEPs as they are only relative measures of the likelihood of success of each of the considered tasks. The relationship

$$\log P=a\\,{\mbox{SLI}+b}$$

is assumed to exist between SLIs and HEPs. P is the probability of success and a and b are constants; a and b are calculated from the SLIs of two tasks where the HEP has already been established.
9. Uncertainty bound analysis Uncertainty bounds can be estimated using expert judgement methods such as Absolute probability judgement (APJ).
10. Use of SLIM-SARAH for cost-effectiveness analyses As SLIM evaluates HEPs as a function of the PSFs, considered to be the major drivers in human reliability, it is possible to perform sensitivity analysis by modifying the scores of the PSFs. By considering the PSFs which may be altered, the degree to which they can be changed and the importance of the PSFs, it is possible to conduct a cost-benefit analysis to determine how worthwhile suggested improvements may be i.e. what-if analysis, the optimal means by which the calculated HEPs can be reduced.

## Worked example

The following example provides a good illustration of how the SLIM methodology is used in practice in the field of HRA.

### Context

In this context an operator is responsible for the task of de-coupling a filling hose from a chemical road tanker. There exists the possibility that the operator may forget to close a valve located upstream of the filling hose, which is a crucial part of the procedure; if overlooked, this could result in adverse consequences, of greater effect to the operator in control. The primary human error of concern in this situation is ‘failure to close V0204 prior to decoupling filling hose’. The decoupling operation required to be conducted is a fairly easy task to carry out and does not require to be completed in conjunction with any further tasks; therefore is failure occurs it will have a catastrophic impact as opposed to displaying effects in a gradual manner.

### Required inputs

This technique also requires an ‘expert panel’ to carry out the HRA; the panel would be made up of for example two operators possessing approximately 10 years experience of the system, a human factors analyst and a reliability analyst who has knowledge of the system and possesses a degree of experience of operation. The panel of experts is requested to determine a set of PSFs which are applicable to the task in question within the context of the wider system; of these, the experts are then required to propose those PSFs, of the identified, which are the most important in the circumstances of the scenario. For this example, it is assumed that the panel put forth 5 main PSFs for consideration, which are believed to have the greatest effect on human performance of the task: training, procedures, feedback, perceived risk and time pressure.

### Method

### PSF rating

Considering the situation within the context of the task under assessment, the panel are asked to provide further possible human errors which may occur that have the potential of affecting performance e.g. mis-setting or ignoring an alarm. For each of these, the experts are required to establish the degree to which each is either optimal or sub-optimal for the task under assessment, working on a scale from 1 to 9, with the latter being the optimal rating. For the 3 human errors which have been identified, the ratings decided for each are provided below:

| Errors | Training | Procedures | Feedback | Perceived Risk | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ***VO2O4 open*** | *6* | *5* | *2* | *9* | *6* |
| ***Alarm mis-set*** | *5* | *3* | *2* | *7* | *4* |
| ***Alarm ignored*** | *4* | *5* | *7* | *7* | *2* |

### PSF weighting

Were each of the identified human errors of equal importance, it would then be possible to obtain the summation of each row of ratings and come to the conclusion that the row with the lowest total rating- in this case it would be alarm mis-set- was the most probable to occur. In this context, as is most often the case, the experts are in agreement that the PSFs given above are not of equal weighting. Perceived risk and feedback are deemed to be of greatest importance, twice as much as training and procedures, which these two are considered to be one and a half times more important than the factor of time. The time factor is of considered of minimal importance in this context as the task is routine and is therefore not limited by time.

The importance of each factor can be observed through the allocated weighting, as provided below. Note that they have been normalised to sum to unity.

| PSF | Importance |
| --- | --- |
| ***Perceived Risk*** | *0.3* |
| ***Feedback*** | *0.3* |
| ***Training*** | *0.15* |
| ***Procedures*** | *0.15* |
| ***Time*** | *0.10* |
| ***Sum*** | *1.0* |

Using the figures for the scaled weighting of the PSFs and the weighting of their importance, it is now possible to calculate the Success Likelihood Index (SLI) for the task under assessment.

| Weighting | PSF's | V0204 | Alarm Mis-set | Alarm Ignored |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *0.3* | *Feedback* | *0.60* | *0.60* | *2.10* |  |
| *0.3* | *Perceived Risk* | *2.70* | *2.10* | *2.10* |
| *0.15* | *Training* | *0.90* | *0.75* | *0.60* |
| *0.15* | *Procedures* | *0.75* | *0.45* | *0.75* |
| *0.10* | *Time* | *0.60* | *0.40* | *0.20* |
|  | *SLI (total)* | *5.55* | *4.30* | *5.75* |

From the results of the calculations, as the SLI for ‘alarm mis-set’ is the lowest, this suggests that this is the most probable error to occur throughout the completion of the task.

However these SLI figures are not yet in the form of probabilities; they are only indications as to the likelihood by which the various errors may occur. The SLIs determine the order in which the errors are most probable to occur; they do not delineate the absolute probabilities of the PSFs. To convert the SLIs to HEPs, the SLI figures require to first be standardised; this can be done using the following formulation.

$$\log \_{10}{\mbox{HEP}=a\\,{\mbox{SLI}+b}}$$

### Result

If the two tasks for which the HEPs are known are incorporated in the task set which is undergoing quantification then the equation parameters can be determined by using the method of simultaneous equations; using the result of this the unknown HEP values can thus be quantified. In the example provided, were two additional tasks to be assessed e.g. A and B, which had HEP values of 0.5 and 10 -4 respectively and SLIs respectively of 4.00 and 6.00, respectively, then the formulation would be:

$$\log {\mbox{HEP}=-1.85\\,{\mbox{SLI}+7.1}}$$

The final HEP values would thus be determined as

V0204 = 0.0007 Alarm mis-set = 0.14 Alarm ignored = 0.0003

\[1\] EMBREY, D.E., Humphreys, P.C., rRosa, E.A., Kirwan, B. & Rea, K., SLIM-MAUD: An approach to assessing human error probabilities using structured expert judgement. NUREG/CR-3518. 1984, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission: Washington DC.

\[2\] Humphreys, P. (1995) Human Reliability Assessor's Guide. Human Factors in Reliability Group.

\[3\] Kirwan, B. (1994). A Practical Guide to Human Reliability Assessment. CPC Press.

\[4\] Corlett, E.N., & Wilson, J.R. (1995). Evaluation of Human Work: A Practical Ergonomics Methodology. Taylor & Francis.


title: Craspedocephalus brongersmai

abstract: Craspedocephalus brongersmai, also known commonly as Brongersma's pit viper, is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Crotalinae of the family Viperidae. The species is native to islands off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. No subspecies are currently recognized.

text:
# Craspedocephalus brongersmai

***Craspedocephalus brongersmai***, also known commonly as **Brongersma's pit viper**, is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Crotalinae of the family Viperidae. The species is native to islands off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. No subspecies are currently recognized.

## Etymology

The specific name, *brongersmai*, is in honor of Dutch herpetologist Leo Brongersma.

## Description

Scalation of *C. brongersmai* includes 19 (or 21) rows of dorsal scales at midbody, 136-150 ventral scales, 41-48 divided subcaudal scales, and 9-10 supralabial scales.

## Geographic range

*Craspedocephalus brongersmai* is found in Indonesia, on the Mentawai islands of Siberut and Simeulue, which are located off the west coast of Sumatra.

The type locality given is "Lugu, Simalur, Sumatra" \[= Lugu, Simeulue Island, Indonesia\].

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of *C. brongersmai* is forest.

## Reproduction

The mode of reproduction of *C. brongersmai* is unknown.

## Further reading

* David P, Vogel G, Dubois A (2011). "On the need to follow rigorously the Rules of the *Code* for the subsequent designation of a nucleospecies (type species) for a nominal genus which lacked one: the case of the nominal genus *Trimeresurus* Lacépède, 1804 (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae)". *Zootaxa* **2992**: 1-51.
* Hoge AR (1969). "*Um novo* Trimeresurus *de Simalur, Sumatra (Serpentes: Viperidae)*". *Ciência e Cultura, São Paulo* **21** (2): 459–460. (*Trimeresurus brongersmai*, new species). (in Portuguese).
* Hoge AR, De Lemos Romano SA (1974). "Notes on *Trimeresurus brongersmai* Hoge, 1969 (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae)". *Memórias do Instituto Butantan* **38**: 147–158.

## InfoBox

| *Craspedocephalus brongersmai* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Viperidae |
| Genus: | *Craspedocephalus* |
| Species: | ***C. brongersmai*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Craspedocephalus brongersmai***
Hoge, 1969 | |
|
|  | |
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Coutts Crossing, New South Wales

abstract: Coutts Crossing is a rural village in the Clarence Valley Council of New South Wales, Australia. The village is about 18 kilometres south-west of Grafton on the banks of the Orara River along the Armidale–Grafton Road.

text:
# Coutts Crossing, New South Wales

**Coutts Crossing** (population 1,353) is a rural village in the Clarence Valley Council of New South Wales, Australia. The village is about 18 kilometres south-west of Grafton on the banks of the Orara River along the ArmidaleGrafton Road.

## History

The village is named after Thomas Coutts, a settler from Scotland who established the nearby Kangaroo Creek pastoral station in 1840. Coutts was accused of perpetrating a mass poisoning of Aboriginals on the Kangaroo Creek run. The poisoning occurred in late 1847 and resulted in the deaths of 23 people. Coutts was arrested and sent to Sydney for trial but the case was dismissed. He returned to the area and was able to continue acquiring pastoral properties further north.

British occupation in the immediate vicinity around Coutts Crossing began in 1840 with the arrival of pastoral squatter William Forster. He set up a sheep station in the area which he named Purgatory due to the high level of Aboriginal resistance he encountered while taking possession of the land. He later changed the name of the station to Geergarow, which is commemorated today in the name of the main road heading west from the township of Coutts Crossing.

## Facilities and services

The village itself was established as a service centre for the local farming community in the 1860s. However, today the village is a dormitory suburb with majority of residents commuting into Grafton. Despite this, the village boasts a tavern, general store, community hall and church.

In the last twenty-five years, a number of sporting and community services have been established, including tennis and squash courts as well as football and croquet grounds, a nine-hole golf course, a pre-school, a heritage centre and a combined New South Wales Rural Fire Service and State Emergency Service centre, established in 1997.

## School

Coutts Crossing Public School was established in 1913 and as of 2023 has 94 pupils enrolled.

## InfoBox

| Coutts Crossing<br>New South Wales | |
| --- | --- |
| A church at Coutts Crossing. | |
|  | |
| Coutts Crossing | |
| Coordinates | 29°49′S 152°53′E / 29.817°S 152.883°E / -29.817; 152.883 |
| Population | 1,353 (2006 census) |
| Postcode(s) | 2460 |
| Elevation | 40 m (131 ft) |
| Location | 18 km (11 mi) from Grafton |
| LGA(s) | Clarence Valley |
| State electorate(s) | Clarence |
| Federal division(s) | Page |


title: SuanShu numerical library

abstract: SuanShu is a Java math library. It is open-source under Apache License 2.0 available in GitHub. SuanShu is a large collection of Java classes for basic numerical analysis, statistics, and optimization. It implements a parallel version of the adaptive strassen's algorithm for fast matrix multiplication. SuanShu has been quoted and used in a number of academic works.

text:
# SuanShu numerical library

**SuanShu** is a Java math library. It is open-source under Apache License 2.0 available in GitHub. SuanShu is a large collection of Java classes for basic numerical analysis, statistics, and optimization. It implements a parallel version of the adaptive strassen's algorithm for fast matrix multiplication. SuanShu has been quoted and used in a number of academic works.

## Features

* linear algebra
* root finding
* curve fitting and interpolation
* unconstrained and constrained optimization
* statistical analysis
* linear regression
* probability distributions and random number generation
* ordinary and partial differential equation solvers

## License terms

**SuanShu** is released under the terms of the Apache License 2.0

## Examples of usage

The following code shows the object-oriented design of the library (in contrast to the traditional procedural design of many other FORTRAN and C numerical libraries) by a simple example of minimization.

```
LogGamma logGamma = new LogGamma(); // the log-gamma function
BracketSearchMinimizer solver = new BrentMinimizer(1e-8, 10); // precision, max number of iterations
UnivariateMinimizer.Solution soln = solver.solve(logGamma); // optimization
double x_min = soln.search(0, 5); // bracket = [0, 5]
System.out.println(String.format("f(%f) = %f", x_min, logGamma.evaluate(x_min)));

```

## InfoBox

SuanShu
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Stable release | 20120606 / 2012-06-06 |
|  | |
| Written in | Java |
| Type | Math |
| License | Apache License 2.0 |
| Website | github.com/nmltd/SuanShu |


title: Craugastor merendonensis

abstract:
Craugastor merendonensis is a species of frogs in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to Honduras.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers.

text:
# Craugastor merendonensis

***Craugastor merendonensis*** is a species of frogs in the family Craugastoridae.

It is endemic to Honduras. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers.

## InfoBox

| *Craugastor merendonensis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Craugastoridae |
| Genus: | *Craugastor* |
| Species: | ***C. merendonensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Craugastor merendonensis***
(K. Schmidt, 1933) | |
|


title: Sullivan Gardens, Tennessee

abstract: Sullivan Gardens is an census-designated place in southwestern Sullivan County, Tennessee, located southwest of Kingsport.

text:
# Sullivan Gardens, Tennessee

**Sullivan Gardens** is an census-designated place in southwestern Sullivan County, Tennessee, located southwest of Kingsport.

## Education

Sullivan Elementary School and Sullivan Middle School are located in the "downtown" area.

## Transportation

Tennessee State Route 93 (Sullivan Gardens Parkway) used to run north and south through the community. Now most visitors continue on the Sullivan Gardens Parkway as a bypass as there is no major business located on Sullivan Gardens Drive. Tennessee State Route 347 (Lone Star Road) runs east and west.

36°28′40″N 82°35′36″W / 36.47778°N 82.59333°W / 36.47778; -82.59333


abstract: Sullivan Field is a baseball park located in San Antonio, Texas, United States. It is the home of the University of the Incarnate Word Cardinals baseball team of the NCAA Division I Southland Conference. It opened on April 8, 1989, with a 5–2 win over their cross-town rival, the St. Mary's Rattlers. Lights were added before the 2004 season so that night baseball would be possible. In 2018, Phase I of stadium improvements to both the baseball and softball fields was completed. Phase I included changing the field surface from Tiff 19 turf to AstroTurf RootZone Diamond OPS Series field turf, new backstops, netting and other improvements. The baseball field backstop wall and home plate were moved forward. Total cost of the first phase of improvements was $1.2 million.

text:
# Sullivan Field (University of Incarnate Word)

**Sullivan Field** is a baseball park located in San Antonio, Texas, United States. It is the home of the University of the Incarnate Word Cardinals baseball team of the NCAA Division I Southland Conference. It opened on April 8, 1989, with a 5–2 win over their cross-town rival, the St. Mary's Rattlers. Lights were added before the 2004 season so that night baseball would be possible.

In 2018, Phase I of stadium improvements to both the baseball and softball fields was completed. Phase I included changing the field surface from Tiff 19 turf to AstroTurf RootZone Diamond OPS Series field turf, new backstops, netting and other improvements. The baseball field backstop wall and home plate were moved forward. Total cost of the first phase of improvements was $1.2 million.

## InfoBox

Sullivan Field
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Daniel J. Sullivan IV Baseball Field |
| Location | San Antonio, Texas |
| Coordinates | 29°28′08.4″N 98°28′14.8″W / 29.469000°N 98.470778°W / 29.469000; -98.470778 |
| Owner | University of the Incarnate Word |
| Operator | University of the Incarnate Word |
| Capacity | 1,000 |
| Field size | 335 LF
407 CF
335 RF |
| Surface | AstroTurf RootZone Diamond OPS Series field turf |
| Opened | 1989 |
| Tenants | |
| **UIW Cardinals** (1989–present ) | |


title: Cravat (horse)

abstract: Cravat (1935–1954) was an American record-setting Thoroughbred racehorse who won races on both dirt and turf that today are Grade 1 events. In the U.S. Triple Crown series, he finished second in the Preakness Stakes and third in the Belmont Stakes. Cravat was sired by Sickle, the British Champion Two-Year-Old Colt whom Cravat helped become a two-time leading sire in North America. Sickle was a son of the important sire Phalaris, a two-time leading sire in Great Britain and Ireland. His dam was Frilette, a daughter of U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee Man o' War.

text:
# Cravat (horse)

**Cravat** (1935–1954) was an American record-setting Thoroughbred racehorse who won races on both dirt and turf that today are Grade 1 events. In the U.S. Triple Crown series, he finished second in the Preakness Stakes and third in the Belmont Stakes.

Cravat was sired by Sickle, the British Champion Two-Year-Old Colt whom Cravat helped become a two-time leading sire in North America. Sickle was a son of the important sire Phalaris, a two-time leading sire in Great Britain and Ireland. His dam was Frilette, a daughter of U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee Man o' War.

## Racing career

He was purchased as a two-year-old for $10,600 by New York City banker Townsend B. Martin at the 1937 C. V. Whitney dispersal sale. Racing at age three in June 1938, Cravat won the Yankee Handicap at Suffolk Downs in Boston in a track record time of 1:56 1/5 for a mile and three sixteenths miles. and at four in 1939 he set a new Santa Anita Park track record of 2:30 2/5 in winning the mile and a half San Juan Capistrano Handicap.

In early 1940, Cravat strained a tendon during a workout and was retired from racing. He stood at stud at Greentree Farm where, from a small number of offspring, he notably sired the filly Spats (b. 1945), whose wins included the Schuylerville Stakes and Diana Handicap, as well as Dr. Ole Nelson, winner of the Hawthorne Gold Cup Handicap.

## InfoBox

| Cravat | |
| --- | --- |
| Sire | Sickle |
| Grandsire | Phalaris |
| Dam | Frilette |
| Damsire | Man o' War |
| Sex | Stallion |
| Foaled | 1935 |
| Country | United States |
| Color | Bay |
| Breeder | Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney |
| Owner | Townsend B. Martin |
| Trainer | Walter Burrows |
| Record | 42: 9-8-10 |
| Earnings | US$121,305 |
| Major wins | |
| Yankee Handicap (1938)
Jerome Handicap (1938)
Brooklyn Handicap (1939)
Suburban Handicap (1939)
San Juan Capistrano Handicap (1939)
Jockey Club Gold Cup (1939) | |
| Last updated on May 3, 2010 | |


title: Sumin, Tomaszów Lubelski County

abstract: Sumin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tarnawatka, within Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Tarnawatka, 12 km (7 mi) north of Tomaszów Lubelski, and 97 km (60 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

text:
# Sumin, Tomaszów Lubelski County

**Sumin** \[ˈsumin\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tarnawatka, within Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Tarnawatka, 12 km (7 mi) north of Tomaszów Lubelski, and 97 km (60 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

## InfoBox

| Sumin | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Sumin | |
| Coordinates: 50°33′5″N 23°24′4″E / 50.55139°N 23.40111°E / 50.55139; 23.40111 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Tomaszów Lubelski |
| Gmina | Tarnawatka |
| Population | 222 |


title: Sumiller de Corps

abstract: The Sumiller de Corps was the Officer of the Royal Household and Heritage of the Crown of Spain in charge of the more intimate and inner rooms of the King of Spain. He was responsible of the most immediate service to the Monarch. This Office was suppressed after the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931 and never re-created after the restoration of the Monarchy in 1975.

text:
# Sumiller de Corps

The **Sumiller de Corps** was the Officer of the Royal Household and Heritage of the Crown of Spain in charge of the more intimate and inner rooms of the King of Spain. He was responsible of the most immediate service to the Monarch. This Office was suppressed after the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931 and never re-created after the restoration of the Monarchy in 1975.

## Historical precedents

This Office was created when, during the Habsburg dynasty, the Spanish Royal Court was shaped after that one that existed in the Court of Burgundy where this Office “Sumiller” from the French “Sommelier”, literally “Wine steward” existed from the old past. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, but also King of Spain, imported the etiquette styled in the Court of his paternal grandmother Mary of Burgundy.

## Regime during the 16th, the 17th and the 18th centuries

Diverse dispositions regulated the duties of the “Sumiller de Corps” distinguishing from those of the “Mayordomo mayor” to the King. Although this latter Office was hierarchically higher, the Office of “Sumiller de Corps” was mostly coveted by the high ranks of the nobility, the Grandees of Spain, as it gave full access to the intimacy of the King. And, certainly, thanks to this intimacy with the King, he could influence the concession and distribution of all kinds of graces and mercies. In fact, the Validos of the Habsburg Kings were always their “Sumilleres de Corps” as it happened with the Duke of Lerma and the Duke of Uceda with King Philip III or the Count-Duke of Olivares with King Philip IV.

During the 17th and 18th centuries, the ceremonial laws regulating the Royal service confirmed the principal prerogatives that the traditional Burgundian etiquette granted to the “Sumiller de Corps”, in the measure in which they supposed a great intimacy and a physical daily contact with the Monarch. Those of the Royal Chamber of 1659 established that the organization of the closest service to the King corresponded to the “Sumiller de Corps” and, in this way, he might sleep in a bed in the same room of the Sovereign. If this was not possible, or the Monarch wanted to relieve him of this obligation, he had to sleep at least in the Royal Palace. He had, anyway, to deliver the King personally the towel, the shirt, the Golden Fleece, the clothes and the cap and, during meals and dinners, serve him the glass of wine.

Only a peer who had the rank of Grandee of Spain could be appointed for this Office.

## Regime during the 19th and 20th centuries

With King Ferdinand VII this Office was losing the more and more importance. In fact, it was suppressed by his grandson Alfonso XII when monarchy was restored in 1875. It was not until 1906 that it was created again but with a pure symbolistic character and always attached to the Office of “Mayordomo mayor” as this was the highest office of the Royal Household. The sole exception to this rule was between 1925 and 1927 when the second one was exercised by the duke of Miranda and the first one by the Marquess of Viana, Caballerizo mayor, who in addition, had the privy seal of the King.

In spite of the latter circumstance, under the “Sumiller de Corps”, at least organically, and in agreement with his former function which t has been mentioned before, they were the royal servants who accompanied at all time the Monarch, the “Gentilhombres Grandes de España con ejercicio y servidumbre” (Gentlemen of the bedchamber Grandees of Spain) and those called “Gentilhombres de camara con ejercicio” (Gentlemen of the bedchamber).

Equally until their suppression in 1918, there existed under his command the ranks of “Gentilhombres de Casa y Boca” (literally the Gentlemen of House and Mouth), and “Gentilhombres de Entrada” (literally Gentlemen of Entry).

All this classes of royal servants were chosen between gentlemen, mostly from the nobility, and in the latter times of the reign of Alfonso XIII from people with prestigious professional background as famous officers of the Army, well-known physicians or businessmen, etc. Only the first one of these classes, the Gentlemen Grandees of Spain, had real functions close to the King and they had a weekly shift to stay with the Monarch in all sorts of activities.

## List of "Sumilleres de Corps" to the King of Spain between 1515 and 1931

### “Sumilleres de Corps” to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 1516-1556

* 1515-1521: Paule de Amersdorf
* 1528-1528: Charles de Poupet, Lord of La Chaulx
* 1531-1556: Joaquín de Rye, Lord of Balanchon

### “Sumilleres de Corps” to King Philip II, 1556-1598

### “Sumilleres de Corps” to King Philip III, 1598-1621

### “Sumilleres de Corps” to King Philip IV, 1621-1665

### “Sumilleres de Corps” to King Charles II, 1665-1701

### “Sumilleres de Corps” to King Philip V, 1701-1724

### “Sumiller de Corps” to King Louis I, 1724

### “Sumilleres de Corps” to King Philip V, 1724-1746

### “Sumilleres de Corps” to King Ferdinand VI, 1746-1759

* 1746-1748: Juan Pizarro de Aragón, Marquess of San Juan de Piedras Albas, Grandee of Spain
* 1748-1757: Sebastián Guzmán de Spínola, Marquess of Montealegre, Grandee of Spain
* 1757-1758: José María Guzmán Vélez y Ladrón de Guevara, Count of Oñate, Grandee of Spain
* 1758-1759: Joaquín López de Zúñiga y Castro, Duke of Béjar, Grandee of Spain

### “Sumilleres de Corps” to King Charles III, 1759-1788

* 1759-1783: José Fernández de Miranda Ponce de León, Duke of Losada, Grandee of Spain
* 1783-1788: Judas Tadeo Fernández de Miranda Ponce de León y Villacís, Marquess of Valdecarzana,

### “Sumilleres de Corps” to King Charles IV, 1788-1808

### “Sumilleres de Corps” to King Ferdinand VII, 1808 and 1814-1833

### “Sumilleres de Corps” to Queen Isabella II, 1833-1868

### “Sumilleres de Corps” to King Alfonso XIII, 1885-1931

* 1906-1909: Carlos Martínez de Irujo y del Alcazar, Duke of Sotomayor, Grandee of Spain
* 1909-1925: Andrés Avelino de Salabert y Arteaga, Marquess of la Torrecilla, Grandee of Spain
* 1925-1927: José Saavedra y Salamanca, Marquess of Viana, Grandee of Spain
* 1927-1931: Luis María de Silva y Carvajal, Duke of Miranda, Grandee of Spain

(1) “Sumilleres de Corps” in exile at Valençay

* Enciclopedia universal ilustrada europeo-americana. Volume 49. Hijos de J. Espasa, Editores.1923
* Gómez-Centurión Carlos. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Ministering the King,s body: The sumiller de corps in the 18th century. 2003
* Martínez Millán José. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Departamento de Historia Moderna. La Corte de Carlos V. 2000
* Martinéz Millán (dir). José. La Corte de Felipe II. Madrid. Alianza 1994
* Martínez Millán, José y Visceglia, Maria Antonietta (Dirs.). La Monarquía de Felipe III. Madrid, Fundación Mapfre, 2008/2009
* Archivo General de Palacio (AGP) . Patrimonio Nacional. Sección Personal


title: Sumin, Włodawa County

abstract: Sumin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Urszulin, within Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Urszulin, 34 km (21 mi) south-west of Włodawa, and 44 km (27 mi) east of the regional capital Lublin.

text:
# Sumin, Włodawa County

**Sumin** \[ˈsumin\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Urszulin, within Włodawa County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Urszulin, 34 km (21 mi) south-west of Włodawa, and 44 km (27 mi) east of the regional capital Lublin.

## InfoBox

| Sumin | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Sumin | |
| Coordinates: 51°22′N 23°10′E / 51.367°N 23.167°E / 51.367; 23.167 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Włodawa |
| Gmina | Urszulin |


title: Creations (band)

abstract: Creations were an Australian Christian hardcore and Christian metal band who primarily played Beatdown Hardcore with Metalcore influences. They come from Sydney, NSW, Australia. The band started making music in 2009. Their first two studio albums, The Gospel and Unworthy/Humility, were released by Mediaskare Records alongside Rite of Passage Music, correspondingly in 2011 and 2013. The band announce they were disbanding in 2016.

text:
# Creations (band)

**Creations** were an Australian Christian hardcore and Christian metal band who primarily played Beatdown Hardcore with Metalcore influences. They come from Sydney, NSW, Australia. The band started making music in 2009. Their first two studio albums, *The Gospel* and *Unworthy/Humility*, were released by Mediaskare Records alongside Rite of Passage Music, correspondingly in 2011 and 2013. The band announce they were disbanding in 2016.

## Background

Creations were a Christian hardcore and Christian metal band of the melodic deathcore variety, Hailing from Sydney, NSW, Australia, they became a musical entity in 2009. Their final lineup consisted of vocalist Thomas Hirst, guitarist Jared Laycock, bassist Jonny Blackwell, and drummer Mike Mitchell, while their former members were vocalist Michael Foss, guitarists Blake Carter and James Thorpe, and drummer Blair Gowan.

## Music history

The band commenced their musical recording careers in 2009. Their first studio album, *The Gospel*, was released on 30 August 2011 with Mediaskare Records and Rite of Passage Music. Their second studio album, *Unworthy/Humility*, was released on 11 June 2013, from Mediaskare Records.

## Members

Final line-up * Thomas Hirst – vocals
* Jared Laycock – guitar
* Jonny Blackwell – bass
* Mike Mitchell – drums

Past members * Michael Foss – vocals
* Blake Carter – guitar
* James Thorpe – guitar
* Blair Gowan – drums

## Discography

Studio albums * *The Gospel* (30 August 2011, Mediaskare/Rite of Passage)
* *Unworthy/Humility* (11 June 2013 Mediaskare)

EPs * *Ruined* (2009, Independent)

Singles * "Boom", originally performed by P.O.D., released on *Goes Undercover* compilation (2013)

## InfoBox

| Creations | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Sydney, NSW, Australia |
| Genres | Christian hardcore, Christian metal |
| Years active | 2009 (2009)–2016 (2016) |
| Labels | Mediaskare, Rite of Passage |
|  | |
| Members | Thomas Hirst
Jared Laycock
Jonny Blackwell
Mike Mitchell |
|  | |
| Past members | Michael Foss
Blake Carter
James Thorpe
Blair Gowan |
|  | |
| Website | facebook.com/CREATIONSHC |


title: Creedence Country

abstract: Creedence Country is a compilation album by American rock band Creedence Clearwater Revival (CCR). It was released by Fantasy Records in October 1981 with the purpose of infiltrating the country market. There was one single released from Creedence Country, "Cotton Fields" b/w "Lodi", in November. The single charted in Billboard magazine's Hot Country Singles chart, while the album did not chart. The album has been re-released in multiple formats, including a 2004 remastered CD with three bonus tracks.

text:
# Creedence Country

***Creedence Country*** is a compilation album by American rock band Creedence Clearwater Revival (CCR). It was released by Fantasy Records in October 1981 (see 1981 in music) with the purpose of infiltrating the country market.

There was one single released from *Creedence Country*, "Cotton Fields" b/w "Lodi", in November. The single charted in *Billboard* magazine's Hot Country Singles chart, while the album did not chart.

The album has been re-released in multiple formats, including a 2004 remastered CD with three bonus tracks.

## Compilation and songs

According to an article in *Billboard* magazine, the idea for *Creedence Country* came from Bob Saporiti after listening to CCR's albums and hearing a prominent country influence in the group's songs. In the article, Saporiti said that the (former) members of the band compiled the songs for the album; although, he did not specify which members were involved.

Of the 12 songs on the original album, none were from the group's self-titled debut album or *Bayou Country*, three were from *Green River*, two were from *Willy and the Poor Boys*, five were from *Cosmo's Factory*, and two were from *Mardi Gras*. Of the three reissue bonus tracks two were from *Mardi Gras* and one was from *Pendulum*.

Only two songs were previously mainstream charting singles on the *Billboard* Hot 100, "Lodi" (#52) and "Lookin' Out My Back Door" (#2). Early in 1982, "Cotton Fields" peaked at #50 on *Billboard'*s Hot Country Singles chart.

## Track listing

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

All songs written by John Fogerty, except where indicated.

Side one 1. "Lookin' for a Reason" – 3:27
2. "Don't Look Now (It Ain't You or Me)" – 2:11
3. "Lodi" – 3:11
4. "My Baby Left Me" (Arthur Crudup) – 2:19
5. "Hello Mary Lou" (Gene Pitney) – 2:13
6. "Ramble Tamble" – 7:11

Side two 1. "Cotton Fields (The Cotton Song)" (Huddy Ledbetter) – 2:56
2. "Before You Accuse Me (Take a Look at Yourself)" (Ellas McDaniel) – 3:26
3. "Wrote a Song for Everyone" – 4:56
4. "Ooby Dooby" (Wade Moore, Dick Penner) - 2:08
5. "Cross-Tie Walker" – 3:18
6. "Lookin' Out My Back Door" – 2:31

Bonus tracks on 2004 CD release 13. "Need Someone to Hold" (Stu Cook) – 3:00
14. "Tearin' Up the Country" (Doug Clifford) – 2:15
15. "It's Just a Thought" – 3:55

## Personnel

The following people contributed to *Creedence Country*:

## InfoBox

| Creedence Country | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Creedence Clearwater Revival | |
| Released | October 1981 (1981-10) |
| Recorded | 1969–1972 |
| Length | 39:50 |
| Label | Fantasy |
| Producer | John Fogerty |
| Compiler | Creedence Clearwater Revival members |
| Creedence Clearwater Revival chronology | |
| *The Concert*
(1980) ***Creedence Country***
(1981) *Hits Album*
(1982) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Creedence Country* | |
| 1. "Cotton Fields"
Released: November 1981 | |
|  | |


title: Subepona

abstract: Subepona is an extinct genus of gastropods belonging to the subfamily Erosariinae of the family Cypraeidae.

text:
# Subepona

***Subepona*** is an extinct genus of gastropods belonging to the subfamily Erosariinae of the family Cypraeidae.

## Species

Synonyms * *Subepona caneveti* Dolin & Aguerre, 2018: synonym of † *Subepona brackleshamensis* (Schilder, 1929)

* Dolin L. & Lozouet P. (2004). Nouvelles espèces de gastéropodes (Mollusca: Gastropoda) de l'Oligocène et du Miocène inférieur de l'Aquitaine (Sud-Ouest de la France). Partie 3. Cypraeidae et Ovulidae. Cossmanniana. Hors-série 4: 1–164.
* Lorenz, F. (2017). Cowries. A guide to the gastropod family Cypraeidae. Volume 1, Biology and systematics. Harxheim: ConchBooks. 644 pp.
* Pacaud J.M. (2018). Les Cypraeoidea (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda) du Priabonien (Éocène supérieur) de Dnipro (Oblast de Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine). Partie 1 : Cypraeidae. Xenophora Taxonomy. 20: 14–33.

## InfoBox

| *Subepona* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Subepona herrerensis* (holotype at MNHN, Paris) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Superfamily: | Cypraeoidea |
| Family: | Cypraeidae |
| Genus: | *Subepona*
Dolin & Lozouet, 2004 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Subepona herrerensis* Dolin & Lozouet, 2004
 | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Eopustularia* Fehse, 2010 | |


title: Crimean Tom

abstract: Crimean Tom was a cat noted for his association with the British Army during the Crimean War. Found by Lieutenant William Gair in Sevastopol after a year-long siege, he is said to have led British forces to valuable caches of hidden supplies that helped ease starvation among the troops. Gair brought Tom back to England after the war but the cat died soon afterwards. He was stuffed and presented to the Royal United Services Institute. A stuffed cat bought in a flea market in the 1950s is in the collection of the National Army Museum and is sometimes described as being Tom, but there is no proof it is the same cat.

text:
# Crimean Tom

**Crimean Tom** (also known as **Tom** or **Sevastopol Tom**) was a cat noted for his association with the British Army during the Crimean War. Found by Lieutenant William Gair in Sevastopol after a year-long siege, he is said to have led British forces to valuable caches of hidden supplies that helped ease starvation among the troops. Gair brought Tom back to England after the war but the cat died soon afterwards. He was stuffed and presented to the Royal United Services Institute. A stuffed cat bought in a flea market in the 1950s is in the collection of the National Army Museum and is sometimes described as being Tom, but there is no proof it is the same cat.

## Life

During the Crimean War British and French forces captured Sevastopol from the Russians on 9 September 1855 after an almost year-long siege. Lieutenant William Gair of the 6th Dragoon Guards, who was seconded to the Field Train Department as a deputy assistant commissary, led patrols to search the cellars of buildings for supplies. Gair noticed a cat, covered in dust and grime, that was sitting on top of a pile of rubbish between two injured people. The cat, unperturbed by the surrounding commotion, allowed himself to be picked up by Gair. The cat, estimated to have been 8 years old when found, had survived within the city throughout the siege.

Gair took the cat back to his quarters and he lived and ate with a group of British officers who initially named him *Tom* and later *Crimean Tom* or *Sevastopol Tom*. The occupying armies were struggling to find supplies, especially of food, in a city much-deprived by the year-long siege. It is said that the officers noticed how fat Tom was getting and realised he must have been feeding off a good supply of mice nearby. Knowing that the mice may themselves have been feeding off hidden Russian supplies, they followed Tom to an area cut off by rubble. Here, they found a storeroom with food supplies that helped to save British and French soldiers from starvation. Tom later led the officers to several smaller caches of supplies near the city docks. After the war ended Gair brought Tom back with him to England to keep as a pet but the cat died on 31 December 1856.

## Legacy

Gair had Tom stuffed and presented to the Royal United Services Institution. A stuffed cat purchased at the Portobello Road market by Lady Faith Compton Mackenzie in the 1950s was identified as Crimean Tom but there is no proof it is the same cat. It was donated to the National Army Museum in 1958 and is on display there; however, the museum has not been able to confirm whether or not this is Crimean Tom.

Tom has popularly been identified as the cat asleep on a table next to a wood stove in the oil painting *A Welcome Arrival, 1855* by John Dalbiac Luard, an 1857 work depicting British officers opening packages sent from home. It has been suggested that Gair is the red-coated figure at the left of the piece. The National Army Museum write, however, that "there is no evidence to substantiate any of these claims".

## InfoBox

| The stuffed cat in the collection of the National Army Museum, London, purchased in the 1950s, that may be Tom | |
| --- | --- |
| Other name(s) | Sevastopol Tom, Tom |
| Species | Cat |
| Sex | Male |
| Born | c.1847 |
| Died | 31 December 1856 |
| Resting place | National Army Museum, London<br>51°29′10″N 0°09′36″W / 51.486111°N 0.16°W / 51.486111; -0.16 |
| Known for | Leading British and French soldiers to food during the Crimean War |
| Owner | Lieutenant William Gair |


title: Ernestina Lecuona

abstract: Ernestina Lecuona y Casado was a Cuban pianist, music educator and composer.

text:
# Ernestina Lecuona

**Ernestina Lecuona y Casado** (16 January 1882 – 3 September 1951) was a Cuban pianist, music educator and composer.

## Life

Ernestina Lecuona y Casado was born in Matanzas into a musical family. Her brother was pianist and composer Ernesto Lecuona. Leo Brouwer, a classical guitarist, is her grandson, and gymnast-political scientist Rafael A. Lecuona, an anti-communist, was her nephew. She studied music at the Centro Asturiano de La Habana and with French teacher Lucía Calderón.

At the age of 15, Lecuona completed her first work *Habanera Luisa*, which was published widely in Cuba and Spain by Anselmo López in 1897. She gave early music lessons to her younger brother Ernesto. In 1936 she was invited to New York City by the Pan American Union, where she accompanied the Mexican tenor Tito Guizar. She made contact with singer Jessica Dragonette, who added some of Lecuona's works to her repertoire.

In 1937 she founded a women's orchestra in Cuba, which debuted at the Teatro Alkazar, and in 1938 performed in concerts at the National Theatre. In 1939 she toured Mexico, Chile and Argentina, and traveled in South America again from 1940 to 1942. She traveled with her brother on tour, and sometimes played a duo for four hands with him at radio stations and concert venues, including Carnegie Hall in 1948. She died in Havana.

## Works

Selected works include:

* *Bolero*
* *Amarte es mi destino*
* *Anhelo besarte*
* *Mi sueño eres tú*
* *Mi vida es soñar*
* *No lo dudes*
* *¿Por qué me dejaste?*
* *Te has cansado de mi amor*
* *ú serás en mis noches*
* *Tus besos de pasión*
* *Ya que te vas*
* *Canción-bolero*
* *Ahora que eres mío*
* *Te has cansado de mi amor*
* *Canción*

## InfoBox

| Ernestina Lecuona | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Ernestina Lecuona y Casado
(1882-01-16)January 16, 1882
Matanzas, Cuba |
| Died | September 3, 1951(1951-09-03) (aged 69)
Havana, Cuba |
| Occupation(s) | Pianist, music educator and composer |