title: Ramped powered lighter

abstract: The ramped powered lighter (RPL) was a type of landing craft formerly operated by the Royal Corps of Transport of the British Army, from the 1960s until the 1990s. Performing similar tasks to the ramped cargo lighter of the Second World War, it had a vehicle deck that was 5.49 metres wide and 13.26 metres long, and a load capacity of 30.5 tonnes. From the early 1980s onwards it was replaced with the larger ramped craft logistic (RCL). The last RPL was in service in Belize until the main British Armed Forces presence was withdrawn from there in 1994.

text:
# Ramped powered lighter

The **ramped powered lighter** (RPL) was a type of landing craft formerly operated by the Royal Corps of Transport of the British Army, from the 1960s until the 1990s. Performing similar tasks to the ramped cargo lighter of the Second World War, it had a vehicle deck that was 5.49 metres (18 ft 0 in) wide and 13.26 metres (43 ft 6 in) long, and a load capacity of 30.5 tonnes (30.0 long tons). From the early 1980s onwards it was replaced with the larger ramped craft logistic (RCL). The last RPL was in service in Belize until the main British Armed Forces presence was withdrawn from there in 1994.

"Defence Standard 00-3/Issue 3- Design Guidance For The Transportability Of Equipment", 27 May 1985, UK Ministry of Defence


title: Rankol

abstract: Rankol is a village in the Palghar district of Maharashtra, India. It is located in the Dahanu taluka.

text:
# Rankol

**Rankol** is a village in the Palghar district of Maharashtra, India. It is located in the Dahanu taluka.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Rankol has 559 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 53.5%.

Demographics (2011 Census)
|  | Total | Male | Female |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Population | 2917 | 1436 | 1481 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 390 | 187 | 203 |
| Scheduled caste | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Scheduled tribe | 2508 | 1214 | 1294 |
| Literates | 1352 | 805 | 547 |
| Workers (all) | 1223 | 577 | 646 |
| Main workers (total) | 929 | 438 | 491 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 388 | 183 | 205 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 381 | 167 | 214 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| Main workers: Other | 155 | 85 | 70 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 294 | 139 | 155 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 59 | 31 | 28 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 39 | 14 | 25 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 182 | 90 | 92 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 14 | 4 | 10 |
| Non-workers | 1694 | 859 | 835 |

## InfoBox

| Rankol | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| RankolLocation in Maharashtra, IndiaRankolRankol (India) | |
| Coordinates: 19°53′51″N 72°51′37″E / 19.8975034°N 72.8604097°E / 19.8975034; 72.8604097 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Maharashtra |
| District | Palghar |
| Taluka | Dahanu |
| Elevation | 52 m (171 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 2,917 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| 2011 census code | 551700 |


title: Ramkrishnabuwa Vaze

abstract: Ramkrishnabuwa Vaze, also known as Vazebuwa, was a Hindustani Classical musician of the Gwalior tradition known for his impact on popularizing classical music and its impression on Natyageet in the early half of the 20th century.

text:
# Ramkrishnabuwa Vaze

**Ramkrishnabuwa Vaze**, also known as **Vazebuwa**, (28 November 1871 – 5 May 1945) was a Hindustani Classical musician of the Gwalior tradition known for his impact on popularizing classical music and its impression on Natyageet in the early half of the 20th century.

## Background

Born in Vazare, Maharashtra in 1871, Vaze lost his father at an early age and was brought up by his mother. He studied briefly in school. With an interest in music surpassing academics, Vaze's mother helped him take lessons in music from several teachers, spending several years moving around. He learned from musicians like Balwantrai Pohre and Vitthoba Hadap of Malwan. After being married and taking up household duties, Vaze set out to pursue music.

## Music career

### Training

With Gwalior regarded as the home of khayal music at the time, many traveled there to learn music. After traveling to Pune, Bombay, Indore Ujjain, and Benaras, Vaze met Bade Nissar Hussain Khan, the son of Natthe Khan, and became his disciple. Though experiencing suffering and hardship, Vaze remained focused on music, and accumulated a repertoire of rare compositions from his guru.

### Court Musician

He was honored as a court musician of Nepal.

### Popularity

#### Recordings

Recording and releasing several 78 rpm records in 1933, Vaze's fame grew nationally and particularly in Maharashtra.

#### Natya Sangeet

Between 1920 and 1931, Vaze was engaged as composer by the Lalitkaladarsh Sangeet Natak Mandali and the Balwant Sangeet Mandali. Reputed actor-singers trained under him during this period, like Dinanath Mangeshkar. Vaze was respected for bringing "serious music" and rare compositions to the masses and has been attributed with cultivating a popular audience for classical music.

### Musical style

Historians note how Vaze excelled at layakari, clear and forceful taans, and powerful gamaks. His style became so iconic that B. R. Deodhar referred to his style as "Vaze gayaki." He was responsible for bringing many little known ragas to light and as a composer, his specialty was bandishes in fast tempo. He specialized in rare raags like Gaud Kalyan, Gaudgiri, and Nat Bilawal.

## Legacy

Vaze is known as one of the most famous exponents of the Gwalior gharana and a genius composer. He published books and articles on classical music, rare for artists of that time.

Vaze taught many disciples, several of whom have left indelible marks on the course of Indian music, including Shivrambuwa Vaze (his son), Keshavrao Bhosle, Bapurao Pendharkar, Dinanath Mangeshkar, Gururao Deshpande, Vinayakrao Patwardhan and others.

Swami Vivekananda and Vaze were admirers of one another and the former and blessed the latter.

## Personal life

Vaze was regarded by peers and students as an eccentric. He lived in Pune. He died 5 May 1945.

## Discography

| Album | Year | Type |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Tilak Kamod, Miyan Malhar
Bhairav Bahar, Jaunpuri
Nat Bihag, Marwa
Barwa, Bhajan
Khambavati, Tilang Thumri
Bhatiyar, Gara Bageshri | 1932 | 78pm |
| Todi, Shataraga (Khat)
Brindavani Sarang, Khamaj
Bhatiyar, Kafi Kanada | 1939 | LP |

## Bibliography

* *Sangeet Kala Prakash* (1938, two volumes)

## InfoBox

| Ramkrishna Vaze | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1871-11-28)28 November 1871 |
| Origin | Village Vazare, Sindhudurg District, Bombay Presidency |
| Died | 5 May 1945(1945-05-05) (aged 73) |
| Genres | Hindustani classical music, Natyageet, Bhajan, Thumri |
| Occupation(s) | Singer, Actor |
| Years active | 1890-1945 |
| Labels | HMV, Columbia |


title: Randy McClanahan

abstract: Randy McClanahan is a former professional American football player who played linebacker for five seasons for the Oakland / Los Angeles Raiders and Buffalo Bills.

text:
# Randy McClanahan

**Randy McClanahan** (born December 12, 1954, in Lincoln, Nebraska) is a former professional American football player who played linebacker for five seasons for the Oakland / Los Angeles Raiders and Buffalo Bills.

## InfoBox

Randy McClanahan
| No. 57, 54 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Linebacker |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1954-12-12) December 12, 1954<br>Lincoln, Nebraska |
| Height: | 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) |
| Weight: | 225 lb (102 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Moon Valley |
| College: | Southwestern Louisiana |
| Undrafted: | 1977 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Randy McCown

abstract: Peter Randolph McCown is an American former professional football quarterback. He played college football for Texas A&M and played professionally for the Houston Marshals of the Spring Football League (SFL) and the Houston ThunderBears of the Arena Football League (AFL). He is the older brother of NFL quarterbacks Josh, and Luke McCown.

text:
# Randy McCown

**Peter Randolph McCown** (born February 16, 1977) is an American former professional football quarterback. He played college football for Texas A&M and played professionally for the Houston Marshals of the Spring Football League (SFL) and the Houston ThunderBears of the Arena Football League (AFL). He is the older brother of NFL quarterbacks Josh, and Luke McCown.

## Early life

McCown played at Jacksonville High School in Jacksonville, Texas, for coach Danny Long. He was a consensus Texas Top 100 selection after completing 115-of-210 passes (52.3%) for 1,439 yards and 5 touchdowns as a senior. In his three years as a starter, McCown completed 302-of-523 passes (57.7%) for 32 Touchdowns and 8 Interceptions. He was a member of the Dave Campbell's Football magazine Super Team. He also was a standout basketball player earning All State honors and once recording 47 points in a victory over Carthage High School.

## College career

McCown was redshirted for the 1995 season.

McCown played in seven games as a reserve, completing 11-of-27 passes for 186 yards with no touchdowns and 1 interception. McCown came into the Oklahoma State game with a 17-13 lead in the third quarter and guided the Aggies to a 38-19 victory, completing 5-of-11 passes for 108 yards.

Shared the starting duties with Branndon Stewart for the first seven games of the season, and earned his first career start in a game against Texas Tech. Overall, he played in 11 games and completed 48-of-84 passes (57.1%) for 602 yards and 2 touchdowns. His best game was against Iowa State when he completed 11-of-14 passes for 141 yards with a touchdown. He was 3 of 6 against UCLA in the Southwestern Bell Cotton Bowl Classic.

McCown won the starting quarterback job after connected on 11-of-13 passes for 167 and 2 touchdowns off the bench against North Texas. He started the next five games including a win against #2 Nebraska in which he connected with Chris Taylor for an 81-yard bomb for the first score. He suffered a separated shoulder against Oklahoma State and did not play the following week against Oklahoma due to the injury, but returned to the starting lineup against Mizzou and Texas. McCown missed the Big 12 Championship Game and the Nokia Sugar Bowl due to a broken collarbone suffered diving for a touchdown in the fourth quarter against Texas. On the season, he completed 66-of-130 passes for 1,025 yards and 6 touchdowns and 3 interceptions. Had 91 carries for 139 yards, the most by an Aggie quarterback since Bucky Richardson rushed for 423 yards in 1991. His best passing game was against Baylor when he completed 9-of-14 passes for 195 yards. McCown helped lead the Aggies to an 11-3 record, a tie for the 2nd most wins in one season in Texas A&M history. In addition, 1998 was the Aggies' only BCS Bowl appearance and Big 12 Championship win to date.

Led the Aggies to an appearance against Penn State in the Alamo Bowl. The season highlight was a win over #5 Texas before a then record of 86,128 fans at Kyle Field, just days after 12 Texas A&M students were killed in the Aggie Bonfire tragedy. Texas A&M sealed the win with just over five minutes left in the game when receiver Matt Bumgardner caught a 14-yard pass from McCown, to give the Aggies the 20-16 win. "You can't put in into words," McCown said. "A game like this is something you wish for all your life. When we came out for the second half, we saw that the crowd didn't give up and believed in us."

On the season, McCown completed 152-of-295 passes for 2,374 yards and 14 touchdowns. His passing yardage ranked No. 2 in school history at the time behind Kevin Murray’s 2,463-yard effort in 1986. His 14 passing touchdowns at the time tied for No. 5 on the school list. Both his completions and attempts in 1999 rank in the top 10 in school history. He connected with Chris Taylor for a 96-yard bomb for a touchdown against Tulsa, which ranks as the longest play from scrimmage in school history. He passed for more the 300 yards twice, with his 363-yard effort against Kansas ranking No. 3 in school history, and his 320 passing yards vs. Tulsa ranks No. 6.

### Statistics

| Season | Passing | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Att | Cmp | Pct | Yds | TD | Int |
| Texas A&M Aggies | | | | | | |
| 1995 | DNP | | | | | |
| 1996 | 27 | 11 | 40.7 | 186 | 0 | 1 |
| 1997 | 84 | 48 | **57.1** | 602 | 2 | **0** |
| 1998 | 130 | 66 | 50.8 | 1,025 | 6 | 3 |
| 1999 | **295** | **152** | 51.5 | **2,374** | **14** | 10 |
| Career | 536 | 277 | 51.7 | 4,187 | 22 | 14 |

## Professional career

### Houston Marshalls

In 2000, McCown played quarterback for the Houston Marshals of the Spring Football League (SFL).

### Houston ThunderBears

On March 9, 2001, McCown signed with the Houston ThunderBears of the Arena Football League (AFL). He was waived by the ThunderBears on April 11, 2001.

1. "Team Transactions". arenafan.com. Archived from the original on January 27, 2017. Retrieved January 26, 2017.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

## InfoBox

Randy McCown
| No. 15 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Quarterback |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1977-02-16) February 16, 1977<br>Jacksonville, Texas, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) |
| Weight: | 213 lb (97 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Jacksonville |
| College: | Texas A&M (1995–1999) |
| Undrafted: | 2000 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Rareseed Ranch

abstract: The Rareseed Ranch or Ruisui Ranch is a tourist attraction ranch in Wuhe Village, Ruisui Township, Hualien County, Taiwan.

text:
# Rareseed Ranch

The **Rareseed Ranch** or **Ruisui Ranch** (traditional Chinese: 瑞穗牧場; simplified Chinese: 瑞穗牧场; pinyin: *Ruìsuì Mùchǎng*) is a tourist attraction ranch in Wuhe Village, Ruisui Township, Hualien County, Taiwan.

## History

The ranch was originally a papaya farm. It was then later transformed into a ranch. Milk produced by cows in the ranch is distributed around Taiwan by Uni-President Enterprises Corporation.

## Geology

The ranch land is very fertile due to the fresh water supply from the Central Mountain Range.

## Architecture

The ranch consists of dining area and outdoor café.

## Transportation

The ranch is accessible southwest from Ruisui Station of the Taiwan Railways.

## InfoBox

| Rareseed Ranch<br>瑞穗牧場 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Town/City | Ruisui, Hualien County, Taiwan |
| Coordinates | 23°28′49.7″N 121°20′42.4″E / 23.480472°N 121.345111°E / 23.480472; 121.345111 |
| Website | Official website (in Chinese) |


title: Raree show

abstract: A raree show, peep show or peep box is an exhibition of pictures or objects, viewed through a small hole or magnifying glass. In 17th and 18th century Europe, it was a popular form of entertainment provided by wandering showmen.

text:
# Raree show

A **raree show**, **peep show** or **peep box** is an exhibition of pictures or objects (or a combination of both), viewed through a small hole or magnifying glass. In 17th and 18th century Europe, it was a popular form of entertainment provided by wandering showmen.

## History

Peep shows, also known as **peep box** or **raree show** ("rarity show") can be traced back to the early modern period (15th century in Europe) and are known in various cultures.

According to a 15th century Italian manuscript biography, later published by 18th century historian Ludovico Antonio Muratori (1672 – 1750), the Italian humanist author, artist Leon Battista Alberti (1404 – 1472) created wonderful painted pictures exhibited inside a box with a small aperture. He had two kinds: night scenes with the moon and stars, and day scenes. It is thought these pictures may have been transparent and lit alternately from the front and from behind, with parts painted on the back causing changes in the scene. However, it has also been suggested that Alberti's box was an early image projector; a predecessor of the magic lantern.

In the 17th and 18th century peep shows were exhibited on streets and fairs across Europe by itinerant showmen, competing with other entertainment like dancing bears, jugglers, conjurers, et cetera. Their wooden cabinets could have several viewing holes and contain sets of pictures to be set into a viewing position by pulling a corresponding string. The show was accompanied by spoken recitation that explained or dramatized what was happening inside. The boxes were often decorated inside to resemble theatrical scenes.

Peep shows were most popular in the 17th century in Holland. Some artists from the 17th-century Dutch Golden Age painting, like Pieter Janssens Elinga and Samuel Dirksz van Hoogstraten created a type of peep shows with an illusion of depth perception by manipulating the perspective of the view seen inside, usually the interior of a room. From around 1700 many of these "perspective boxes" or "optica" had a bi-convex lens with a large diameter and small dioptre for an exaggerated perspective, giving a stronger illusion of depth. Most pictures showed architectural and topographical subjects with linear perspectives. From around 1745 similar perspective view prints became very popular for the zograscope, which used the same principle with the lens on a stand rather than in a box. Peep shows were further developed with translucent painting techniques, perforations and cut-out shapes that provided special effects when lit from behind by candles. Changing the light from the front to the back of the picture could change the scene from day to night, much like the dissolving views that would later become a popular type of magic lantern show.

In the early 18th century perspective boxes (called megane in japanese (眼鏡) and inspired the art of Megane-e) were very appreciated in Japan, where they were referred to as *Holland machines* (和蘭眼鏡,Oranda megane,more accurately holland glasses). The Dutch brought the first such device to Japan in the 1640s as a gift to the *shōgun*, but the devices became popular only after the Chinese popularized them about 1758, after which they began to influence Japanese artists.

19th-century Chinese peep shows were known by many names including *la yang p'ien* (Chinese: 拉洋片; pinyin: *lā yáng piān*; lit. 'pulling foreign picture cards'). Sometimes the showman would perform for a crowd with puppets or pictures outside the box and then charge people extra to look through the holes. In Ottoman Syria a form of peep show called *sanduk al-ajayib* (صندوق العجائب, "wonder box") existed, which the storyteller carried on his back. The box had six holes through which people could see scenes backlit by a central candle. *Sanduk al-ajayib* stories were about contemporary figures and events, or showed scenes of heaven and hell.

Other common subjects in peep shows throughout the world have been exotic views and animals, scenes of classical drama or masques, court ceremonies, surprise transformations (e.g., of an angel into a devil) and of course, lewd pictures.

Raree shows were precursors of toy theatres, with movable scenes and paper figurines, popular in the 19th century. They can also be seen as predecessors to optical toys like Chinese fireworks, the diorama, the stereoscope and the magic lantern.

Some peep shows offer the only accurate representation of the stage design and scenery of the masques and pageants of their time.


title: Raskolnikov (band)

abstract:
Raskolnikov is a Rotterdam-based band, consisting of four well-known musicians in the Dutch music world. They were brought together by singer, guitarist and songwriter Mark Ritsema in the late nineties to be the house band of a local radio show called Studio Gloria. A sort of best of these sessions was released in September '99 as their highly acclaimed debut album Studio Gloria. During the last decade, the group released two more albums, played throughout Holland, wrote and performed music for a dance performance and a theatre show, did support shows for Jools Holland and 16 Horsepower and became regular musical guests at VPRO radio. The promotional website for Dutch artists dutchsound.nl wrote about their second album The Jezebel Shanty:
“Subdued jazz, melancholy soul, soul-searching shanties, and baroque themes. Inner city blues, imaginary nighttime travels through town full of down-on-their-luck characters, dives, unrequited love and the inevitable morning hangover. (...) The make-up of piano, contrabass, and percussion lends a loose, almost jazzy feel to the proceedings. Think atmosphere and depth instead of tightness and rock 'n' roll machismo. The Jezebel Shanty is a remarkable reflection of a band's unique look on life.” After a short break the fab four reunited as Raskolnikov in the winter of 2009.

text:
# Raskolnikov (band)

**Raskolnikov** is a Rotterdam-based band, consisting of four well-known musicians in the Dutch music world. They were brought together by singer, guitarist and songwriter Mark Ritsema (Nightporter, former Spasmodique) in the late nineties to be the house band of a local radio show called Studio Gloria. A sort of best of these sessions was released in September '99 as their highly acclaimed debut album Studio Gloria. During the last decade, the group released two more albums, played throughout Holland, wrote and performed music for a dance performance and a theatre show, did support shows for Jools Holland and 16 Horsepower and became regular musical guests at VPRO radio.

The promotional website for Dutch artists dutchsound.nl wrote about their second album The Jezebel Shanty: “Subdued jazz, melancholy soul, soul-searching shanties, and baroque themes. Inner city blues, imaginary nighttime travels through town full of down-on-their-luck characters, dives, unrequited love and the inevitable morning hangover. (...) The make-up of piano, contrabass, and percussion lends a loose, almost jazzy feel to the proceedings. Think atmosphere and depth instead of tightness and rock 'n' roll machismo. The Jezebel Shanty is a remarkable reflection of a band's unique look on life.”

After a short break (but still meeting each other in several other bands and projects) the fab four reunited as **Raskolnikov** in the winter of 2009.

## Discography

| 1999 | Studio Gloria | CD |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2003 | The Jezebel Shanty | CD |
| 2005 | Portrait Of Raskolnikov As A Young Man Part 1 | Downloadable CD |

1. Mark Ritsema & Trio Raskolnikov at 3VOOR12 (in Dutch)

2. Raskolnikov at musicfrom.nl (in Dutch)

3. Raskolnikov biografie at UNSOUND (in Dutch)

4. RED SUN RECORDS online MUSIC store

5. Mark Ritsema & Trio Raskolnikov at Noorderslag (in Dutch)

## InfoBox

| Raskolnikov | |
| --- | --- |
| Raskolnikov 2009 | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Rotterdam, South Holland, Netherlands |
| Genres | Alternative jazz,
Singer-songwriter |
| Years active | 1998–present |
|  | |
| Members | Mark Ritsema,
Peter Jessen,
Ron de Bruyn,
Chris Grem |
|  | |
| Website | Raskolnikov |


title: Raphael Urweider

abstract: Raphael Bendicht Urweider, is a writer in English and German and a musician.

text:
# Raphael Urweider

**Raphael Bendicht Urweider** (born 5 November 1974 in Bern, Switzerland), is a writer in English and German and a musician.

## Career

Raphael Urweider is the son of a reformed minister. He studied German literature and philosophy at the University of Fribourg. He performed with LDeeP and has composed music for a number of plays. He also worked on two plays with Samuel SchwarzMaxim Gorki Theatre and Deutsches Schauspielhaus (Hamburg). His first volume of poetry, *Light in Menlo Park*, was published in 2000. He subsequently published "Kobold and the Kunstpfeifer" in 2002, "The opposite of meat" in 2003, and "Poems of craze and longing" in 2008. He has also translated plays and poetry.

## Awards

In 1999, he received the Arbeitsstipendium des Deutschen Literaturfonds and the Leonce-und-Lena-Preis. In 2001, he was awarded the Förderpreis des Bremer Literaturpreises, the 3sat award at the Ingeborg Bachmann Competition in 2002, and the Clemens-Brentano-Preis in 2004. In 2009, he received the 'Schillerpreis' for his poetry in 'Alle deine Namen'.


title: Raphael Vieira de Oliveira

abstract: Raphael Vieira de Oliveira is a former Brazilian volleyball player, a former member of Brazil men's national volleyball team and Italian club BluVolley Verona, a silver medalist of the 2014 World Championship, South American Champion.

text:
# Raphael Vieira de Oliveira

**Raphael Vieira de Oliveira** (born 14 June 1979) is a former Brazilian volleyball player, a former member of Brazil men's national volleyball team and Italian club BluVolley Verona, a silver medalist of the 2014 World Championship, South American Champion (2005, 2009, 2015).

## Sporting achievements

### Clubs

### CEV Champions League

### FIVB Club World Championship

#### South American Club Championship

### National championship

### National team

### Individually

## InfoBox

| Raphael Vieira de Oliveira | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Raphael Vieira de Oliveira |
| Nickname | *Rapha* |
| Born | (1979-06-14) June 14, 1979<br>São João del Rei, Brazil |
| Height | 1.90 m (6 ft 3 in) |
| Weight | 86 kg (190 lb) |
| Spike | 317 cm (125 in) |
| Block | 306 cm (120 in) |
| Volleyball information | |
| Position | Setter |
| Career | |
| Years Teams  1993–2001 EC Banespa  2001–2002 Bunge Barão  2002–2004 Ulbra São Paulo  2004–2006 Zenit Kazan  2006–2009 Tonno Callipo Vibo Valentia  2009–2013 Trentino Volley  2013–2014 Halkbank Ankara  2014–2022 Funvic Taubaté  2022–2023 BluVolley Verona | |
| National team | |
| 2005–2017  Brazil | |
| Honours      Men's volleyball  Representing  Brazil  World Championship  2014 Poland Team  World Grand Champions Cup  2013 Japan Team  2017 Japan Team  World League  2014 Florence Team  2017 Curitiba Team  South American Championship  2005 Lages   2009 Bogotá   2015 Maceió   2017 Santiago/Temuco | |
| Last updated: 26 February 2017 | |


title: Ravi Inder Singh (industrialist)

abstract: Sardar Ravi Inder Singh Dummna is an industrialist, former Speaker of the Punjab Vidhan Sabha and a five time M.L.A. from Morinda. He is an engineering graduate from I.I.T. Kharagpur & an M.B.A. from Harvard University. He is the grandson of Sardar Indra Singh ‒ the steel magnate and the son of Sardar Ajaib Singh. Singh is the nephew of Sardar Baldev Singh ‒ the first Defence Minister of Independent India. Sardar Baldev Singh was a close confidant of Nehru and is still widely known as the wealthiest Sikh man.

text:
# Ravi Inder Singh (industrialist)

**Sardar Ravi Inder Singh** Dummna (born 23 March 1940) is an industrialist, former Speaker of the Punjab Vidhan Sabha and a five time M.L.A. from Morinda. He is an engineering graduate from I.I.T. Kharagpur & an M.B.A. from Harvard University.

He is the grandson of Sardar Indra Singh ‒ the steel magnate and the son of Sardar Ajaib Singh. Singh is the nephew of Sardar Baldev Singh ‒ the first Defence Minister of Independent India. Sardar Baldev Singh was a close confidant of Nehru and is still widely known as the wealthiest Sikh man.


title: Ravi Jayewardene

abstract: Captain Ravindra "Ravi" Vimal Jayewardene was a Sri Lankan aviator and sports shooter. He was the son of President J. R. Jayewardene and served as the National Security Adviser in his father's administration.

text:
# Ravi Jayewardene

Ravi Jaywardene
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Ravindra Vimal Jayewardene |
| Nationality | Sri Lankan |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Sports shooting |

Captain **Ravindra "Ravi" Vimal Jayewardene** (22 April 1936  2 April 2017) was a Sri Lankan aviator and sports shooter. He was the son of President J. R. Jayewardene and served as the National Security Adviser in his father's administration.

## Early life

The only child of J. R. Jayewardene and Elina Jayewardene, Ravi was educated at S. Thomas' Preparatory School and at Royal College Colombo.

## Military service

Avoiding a political career, he joined George Steuart Group after completing school and thereafter joined the volunteer force of the Ceylon Army and following training at the Volunteer Force Training Centre he was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the 2nd (V) Ceylon Light Infantry in 1956. He was mobilized for internal security duties and commanded light infantry troops in Panadura during the 1958 Riots. Having been mobilized regularly, he transferred to a regular commission in 1959, but was sent on compulsory leave following the 1962 attempted coup.

He competed in the 50 metre rifle, prone event at the 1964 Summer Olympics. In 1966, he left the army with the rank of Captain.

## Air Ceylon

Having gained his pilot license from the Ratmalana Flying School, he joined Air Ceylon thereafter. In April 1971, during the JVP Insurrection he was arrested at the Ratmalana Airport by the police on accusations of giving weapons and jungle warfare training to youth associated with the JVP, but was never charged. Following a heart attack, he left Air Ceylon. Leaving the country shortly thereafter, he spent time as a Buddhist monk in Thailand for three years before migrating to Australia where he worked as a mechanic, even after his father was elected Prime Minister.

## National Security Adviser

Following the 1983 riots, he returned to Sri Lanka in 1983 and was appointed National Security Adviser. With the escalation of the Sri Lankan Civil War, with concerns over the presidential security, he formed the elite Special Task Force. He assisted Lalith Athulathmudali, Minister of National Security, in the formation of the Sri Lankan Home Guard to defend border villages that were consistently attacked by the LTTE. He stepped down from his post when his father's term in office ended.

## Later life

Jaywardene died on 2 April 2017 after a brief illness, aged 80.

## InfoBox

| Ravindra Vimal Jayewardene | |
| --- | --- |
| Nickname(s) | Ravi |
| Born | (1936-04-22)22 April 1936
Colombo, British Ceylon |
| Died | 2 April 2017(2017-04-02) (aged 80)
Colombo, Sri Lanka |
| Allegiance | Ceylon |
| Service/branch | Ceylon Army |
| Years of service | 1956-1966 |
| Rank | Captain |
| Unit | Ceylon Light Infantry |
| Battles/wars | 1958 Riots |
| Other work | National Security Adviser |


title: Te Uenuku

abstract: Te Uenuku, or simply Uenuku, is an early Māori carving stored at Te Awamutu Museum in the North Island of New Zealand. Te Uenuku represents Uenuku, a tribal atua of war who manifests as a rainbow. The taonga is of extreme significance both to the local Tainui people and also for its archaeological value. It is 2.7 metres in height and consists of a simple upright post, the top of which has been carved into a spiral form. From the top of this spiral emerge four waving verticals, reminiscent of the teeth of a comb. The form, though seemingly simple, often causes a powerful reaction in viewers of the artifact. In appearance the carving is very striking and different from the style of carving seen in the later Classic period. Because of the carving's spiritual and cultural significance, photographs are prohibited without the permission of the Māori sovereign. One must seek further written permission to publish the photos anywhere, which is more likely to be granted if the sovereign deems it to be for the nation's interest. Similarly, while the form of Te Uenuku is a popular motif for New Zealand artists, they must still exercise care in its use because of its sacred significance. It is used in stylised form as the logo of the Māori Broadcasting Agency Te Māngai Pāho.

text:
# Te Uenuku

***Te Uenuku***, or simply ***Uenuku***, is an early Māori carving stored (but not displayed) at Te Awamutu Museum in the North Island of New Zealand. *Te Uenuku* (literally "The Rainbow") represents Uenuku, a tribal atua of war who manifests as a rainbow. The taonga is of extreme significance both to the local Tainui people and also for its archaeological value.

It is 2.7 metres in height and consists of a simple upright post, the top of which has been carved into a spiral form. From the top of this spiral emerge four waving verticals, reminiscent of the teeth of a comb. The form, though seemingly simple, often causes a powerful reaction in viewers of the artifact. In appearance the carving is very striking and different from the style of carving seen in the later Classic period.

Because of the carving's spiritual and cultural significance, photographs are prohibited without the permission of the Māori sovereign. One must seek further written permission to publish the photos anywhere, which is more likely to be granted if the sovereign deems it to be for the nation's interest. Similarly, while the form of *Te Uenuku* is a popular motif for New Zealand artists, they must still exercise care in its use because of its sacred significance. It is used in stylised form as the logo of the Māori Broadcasting Agency Te Māngai Pāho.

## History

The carving is unique in form, and bears a noted resemblance to Hawaiian carving styles. Tainui tradition would suggest that it dates from circa 1400 CE, an era known to New Zealand ethnologists as Te Tipunga or Archaic period. Tradition goes on to say that the spirit now inhabiting the carving originated from Hawaiki, brought over on the Tainui canoe inside a stone, which was later placed inside the spiral at the top of the carving. Recent work by the museum has shown that it is made from tōtara, a common native New Zealand hard wood.

According to Māori verbal history, around the year 1807 the Waipa District of the Waikato was invaded by a strong force led by Ngāti Toa chief Pikauterangi. In the Battle of Hingakākā between Tainui and Ngāti Maniapoto warriors close to Lake Ngaroto, the sacred carving of *Te Uenuku* was lost.

The carving was found buried close to the lake's shore in 1906 when a farmer was draining swampland, and spent some time in the R.W. Bourne collection before being acquired by the Te Awamutu Museum.

The work was the centrepiece of the *Te Maori* exhibition which toured North America and New Zealand in the early to mid-1980s.


title: Celine Holst Elkjær

abstract: Celine Holst Elkjær is a Danish handball player who currently plays for HH Elite.

text:
# Celine Holst Elkjær

**Celine Holst Elkjær** (born 25 May 1997) is a Danish handball player who currently plays for HH Elite.

## Achievements

## InfoBox

| Celine Holst Elkjær | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Celine Holst Elkjær | | |
| Born | (1997-05-25) 25 May 1997<br>Skanderborg, Denmark | | |
| Nationality | Danish | | |
| Height | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Playing position | Line player | | |
| Club information | | | |
| Current club | HH Elite | | |
| Number | 10 | | |
| Senior clubs | | | |
| Years | **Team** | | |
| 2014-2015 | GOG Håndbold | | |
| 2014-2015 | Odense Håndbold | | |
| 2015-2017 | Skanderborg Håndbold | | |
| 2017-2019 | Aarhus United | | |
| 2019–2020 | Skanderborg Håndbold | | |
| 2020–2021 | HH Elite | | |
| 2021– | Aarhus United Handball | | |
| Medal record      European Youth Olympic Festival  2013 Utrecht | | | |


title: Preet Na Jane Reet

abstract: Preet Na Jane Reet is a 1966 film directed by S. Banerjee starring Shammi Kapoor and B. Saroja Devi as the romantic leads.

text:
# Preet Na Jane Reet

***Preet Na Jane Reet*** is a 1966 film directed by S. Banerjee starring Shammi Kapoor and B. Saroja Devi as the romantic leads.

## Plot

Ashok (Shammi Kapoor), the son of a rich businessman, Karamchand (Nazir Hussain), telegrams his father that he is returning after several years in Europe to Bombay the following day. The scene shifts to another house. Sharda (Shammi) comes screaming into the room calling her servants but none of them seem to be around. She is upset to see her husband has been sitting quietly and reading the newspaper throughout her screaming. Sharda is a very dominating wife and hardly lets her husband speak.

Sharda knows that Ashok is coming back after 5 years in Europe and that he is the only son of the richest man around. So she feels he's the most eligible boy in town for her sister, Kavita (B. Saroja Devi). Sharda wants Kavita to accompany her and receive Ashok at the airport but Kavita refuses. She says she doesn't want to get married now and hates rich boys. Karamchand, Sharda and her husband wait at the airport to greet Ashok. Everybody descends from the flight but they can't spot Ashok anywhere. Concluding that Ashok didn't come by that flight, the party returns home.

Kavita and her group of friends are on their way to college when a car, with Ashok behind the wheel, splashes slush on Kavita. He drives back when he realizes what he has done, and the girls begin scolding him. He offers to take Kavita home to change and then drop her off at college. But her friend's voice doubts as to his intentions. So he offers her some money to get her saree cleaned or get a new one, but Kavita sharply refuses while her friend punctures his tyre.

Ashok goes to the D'Souza, D'Cruz and Fernandes Garage and is greeted by Fernandes (Johnny Walker). Ashok and Fernandes were school buddies but Fernandes wasn't interested in studies. His uncle took him under his wing, taught him the trade, and gave him a job in his garage. Fernandes fixes his car. Ashok reaches home. His father is annoyed that he didn't inform him that he wasn't coming by flight, but one look of regret from his son and the father melts. Ashok explains that his friend, Shyamu asked him to drive home instead of taking the flight.

The next day he goes out and sees Kavita and her friends at a petrol pump. He overhears them mention putting up at Ashok Hotel. He follows them and they all shower him with the same dislike again. He protests that he is a decent man. During the conversation he pokes their tyre with something, leaving them behind with a flat tyre. He drives ahead and when he realizes that they have stopped their car, he gets down and offers help but nobody wants them.

Kavita and group reach Ashok Hotel but the manager says the rooms are all booked. They all get worried because it's dark already and they don't know the place. The manager says if they go and talk to the owner, they might get a room because there are rooms reserved for the owners. Kavita goes to speak to the owner, but walks out when she realizes it's Ashok. Her friends try convincing Ashok, but he says he will only give them a room if Kavita requests it. Her friends emotionally blackmail Kavita into arranging an accommodation for them.

The following morning Karamchand turns up at the hotel, demanding the manager for Book of Accounts. When he learns that Ashok is there, he goes to his room. Kavita and group are at the counter. The manager confides in them that Karamchand is very short tempered. This gives her an idea. She sends her friends one by one to Ashok's room, all of them claiming to be his girlfriends. An enraged Karamchand then orders Ashok to pack his bag immediately and leave with him. It's Ashok's birthday and Sharda and her husband are getting ready for the party. Sharda wants Kavita to accompany them but Kavita refuses. Her husband convinces her to join them and finally she gives in and goes with them to Karamchand's house. She is quite surprised to find Ashok there, and ignores him as much as she can.

Ashok falls for her, even though Kavita says she doesn't want to marry a rich guy who lives on "his father’s crumbs". Ashok asks Fernandes for a job as a mechanic in his garage, explaining that he needs to get a new image. He manages to convince Kavita that he is Mohan the mechanic and not Ashok, the rich loafer. They fall in love, although Ashok continues to annoy Kavita as himself too. Kavita is distressed when her sister insists on fixing her marriage to Ashok and tells her she will only marry Mohan. Her sister is unimpressed with this idea. When his deception is eventually uncovered, Kavita is quite angry. He points out that she's loved him by one name and hated him by another, but that he's the same person beneath the names.

They get engaged. Ashok is invited to a school friend's wedding. There, the groom's father is told about the bride's past (she ran away with another man) and cancels the wedding. Ashok marries the bride, Sheela, to save her and her family from dishonor. He then takes her home. He keeps repeating his belief that Sheela made one mistake and asks why she should have to suffer for the rest of her life for it? He says this to his father as well when he brings his new wife home, but his father is enraged and throws them out of the house. Ashok takes Sheela to his old digs at the garage and they settle in to make a new life. Sharda and her husband are shocked to hear the news. Kavita blames him for cheating on her, but Sharda's husband tells her it's not fair to reach a conclusion without knowing the entire truth. So she goes to Ashok's house and meets Sheela. Kavita feels guilty for accusing Ashok of infidelity.

Kavita still loves Ashok but Ashok accepts that it was not in his fate to marry Kavita and is content with what he has got. He tries his best to forget his past and to start his life afresh with Sheela. Even her past doesn't bother him. He doesn't blame her for coming between him and Kavita but accepts her wholeheartedly and does his best to be a good husband.

Now, Sharda convinces Kavita to marry, which she agrees, but invites Ashok on the marriage. Ashok reaches there with Sheela. There, Sheela recognises the boy, Kavita is going to marry is none other than Kundan, who deceived Sheela and then threw out of his life. After knowing the truth, Ashok tries to stop the marriage of Kavita with Kundan. The enraged Kundan tries to kill Ashok with his knife, but Sheela saves him to take it. In hospital, she requests Ashok to marry Kavita and dies. Then, Ashok marries Kavita and they live happy ever after.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

The music is composed by Kalyanji-Anandji, assisted by Laxmikant–Pyarelal, while the songs are written by Anand Bakshi, Indeevar, Qamar Jalalabadi and Gulshan Bawra.

| Song | Singer |
| --- | --- |
| "Main Bewafa Nahin" | Mohammed Rafi |
| "Teri Zulfen Pareshan" | Mohammed Rafi |
| "Yun Na Dekho Hamen" | Mohammed Rafi |
| "Yahan Bhi To Nahin Hai, Wahan Bhi To Nahin Hai" | Mohammed Rafi, Kamal Barot |
| "O Jaanewale, Sun Zara Yeh Dil Ka Maajra" | Mohammed Rafi, Lata Mangeshkar |
| "Ari O Kanha, Bairi Zamana" | Lata Mangeshkar |
| "Preet Na Jane Reet" | Lata Mangeshkar |
|

## InfoBox

| Preet Na Jane Reet | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | S. Bannerjee |
| Starring | Shammi Kapoor
B. Saroja Devi
Johnny Walker |
| Music by | Kalyanji-Anandji |
| Release date | * 1966 (1966) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi |


title: Paul Reddicliffe

abstract: Paul Reddicliffe was British Ambassador to the Kingdom of Cambodia (1994–1997).

text:
# Paul Reddicliffe

**Paul Reddicliffe** OBE (born 17 March 1945) was British Ambassador to the Kingdom of Cambodia (1994–1997).

## Life

Paul Reddicliffe was born on 17 March 1945. He was educated at Bedford Modern School, Jesus College, Oxford, and SOAS, University of London.

Reddicliffe joined HM Diplomatic Service in 1977 and was Indochina Analyst (1977–85), First Secretary in Canberra (1985–89), Indochina Analyst (1989–92), Head of Southeast Asia Section (1992–94) and Ambassador to the Kingdom of Cambodia (1994–97). He was invested as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1998.

In 1974 Reddicliffe married Wee Siok Boi; they have two sons.

1. "Reddicliffe, Paul, (born March 1945), HM Diplomatic Service, retired; Research Analyst for Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 1997–2008". *WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO*. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U32055. ISBN 978-0-19-954088-4.
2. "BBC News - NEW YEAR HONOURS - Diplomatic Service and Overseas Lists - Orders". *bbc.co.uk*. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
3. "Who's Who". *ukwhoswho.com*. Retrieved 8 July 2015.

## InfoBox

| Paul ReddicliffeOBE | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| British Ambassador to Cambodia | |
| **In office**
1994–1997 | |
| Preceded by | David Burns |
| Succeeded by | George Edgar |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1945-03-17)17 March 1945 |
| Nationality | British |
| Education | Bedford Modern School |
| Alma mater | Jesus College, Oxford
SOAS, University of London |
| Occupation | British diplomat |
|  | |


title: Preet Kaur Gill

abstract: Preet Kaur Gill is a British Labour and Co-operative politician who has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Birmingham Edgbaston since 2017. She served as Shadow Minister for Primary Care and Public Health between 6 September 2023 and 4 July 2024.

text:
# Preet Kaur Gill

**Preet Kaur Gill** (born 21 November 1972) is a British Labour and Co-operative politician who has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Birmingham Edgbaston since 2017. She served as Shadow Minister for Primary Care and Public Health between 6 September 2023 and 4 July 2024.

## Early life and career

Preet Kaur Gill was born on 21 November 1972 in Edgbaston, Birmingham. She was born to Indian parents Daljit Singh Shergill and Kuldeep Kaur Shergill. Her father was a foreman, and later a bus driver, and her mother worked as a seamstress. Daljit Singh was the longest serving president of the Guru Nanak Gurdwara Smethwick, the first gurdwara in the United Kingdom. Gill credits her father and Baron Tarsem King of West Bromwich as her main inspirations for her ambition to enter politics.

She has six younger siblings. Her early education was at Lordswood Girls' School and Bournville College. At the latter, Gill was elected as student president. Gill graduated from the University of East London with a first-class BSc in sociology with social work. After graduating, she worked as a social worker in a kibbutz in Israel and with street children in India.

## Political career

She was a social worker in Waltham Forest and Birmingham specialising in child protection and serving as children's services manager in Birmingham from 2010 to 2017.

She was elected as a councillor for Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council in 2012 and re-elected in the 2016 local election; her term ended May 2018. On the council, she served as the Cabinet Member for Public Health and Protection.

Gill supported remaining within the European Union (EU) in the 2016 EU membership referendum.

## Parliamentary career

### In opposition

Gill was selected by the Labour Party to contest Birmingham Edgbaston on 28 April 2017. At the snap 2017 general election, Gill was elected as MP for Birmingham Edgbaston with 55.3% of the vote and a majority of 6,917. She is the first female British Sikh MP.

In July 2017, she was elected as a member of the Home Affairs Select Committee.

On 12 January 2018, she was appointed to the shadow cabinet as International Development Minister (role shared with Dan Carden).

In March 2019, Gill signed a letter supporting the People's Vote campaign for a second referendum on EU membership.

Gill is the chair of the All Party Parliamentary Groups on Mentoring and for British Sikhs.

Gill was re-elected as MP for Birmingham Edgbaston at the 2019 general election with a decreased vote share of 50.1% and a decreased majority of 5,614.

Gill supported Keir Starmer in the 2020 Labour Party leadership election. She was promoted to Shadow Secretary of State for International Development following Starmer's election as leader.

As Shadow Secretary of State, Gill initially shadowed Secretary Anne-Marie Trevelyan until the department was abolished in September 2020; since then she shadowed ministers of the newly created Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. She remained in the shadow cabinet following the November 2021 reshuffle, but her position was renamed Shadow Cabinet Minister for International Development and she joined the new shadow Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs team.

In November 2020, Gill was elected Chair of the Co-operative Party Parliamentary Group of MPs.

On 19 December 2021, Gill was criticised by some social media users over a tweet she later deleted that referred to a "Hindu terrorist" behind the act of violence at Golden Temple in Amritsar.

On 23 February 2023, *The Guardian* reported on comments Gill made in a WhatsApp group which appeared to undermine Sikh victims of sexual violence. Earlier that month, Sikh Women's Aid had published a report which found that two thirds of women surveyed had experienced domestic abuse, with many of the women criticising the inadequate response support given by community leaders. Gill was alleged to have accused the women surveyed of using "very dangerous language" and urged them to submit apologies to gurdwaras. A Labour spokesperson stated "though we cannot comment on leaked WhatsApp messages, Preet would never downplay abuse or violence".

In the 2023 British shadow cabinet reshuffle she was replaced by Lisa Nandy, and Gill became Shadow Minister for Primary Care and Public Health.

Gill is a member of Labour Friends of Palestine and the Middle East.

### In government

At the 2024 general election, Gill was again re-elected, with a decreased vote share of 44.3% and an increased majority of 8,368.

On 18 July 2024, Gill was appointed as Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Business Secretary Jonathan Reynolds.

## Personal life

Gill has been married to Sureash Singh Chopra, who is a social worker, since 2009. They have two daughters. Gill is vice-president of the Local Government Association and a non executive director for the Spring Housing Association.

## Awards and nominations

In September 2018, Gill was named as one of the Birmingham City University's *Brummies Who Inspire*, alongside fellow Birmingham MP, Shabana Mahmood.

In October 2018, she was presented with the *Sikh Women of Substance* award by the Sikh's Women Alliance UK.

In December 2018, she was one of the recipients of the *Giving Voice* award, presented by the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists.

In December 2020, Gill won the overall prize at the MP of the Year Awards organised by the Patchwork Foundation, for "her consistent championing of young people, representation of the Sikh Community and initiative to tackle Fuel Poverty via a strategic campaign aimed at the UK's biggest fuel companies."

1. "Who's Who (online edition)". Oxford University Press. 1 December 2017. Archived from the original on 11 February 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
2. "Preet Kaur Gill". Companies House. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
3. Walker, Jonathan (28 April 2017). "Labour selects Preet Gill as Birmingham Edgbaston candidate". *Birmingham Mail*. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
4. Stacey, Alison (9 June 2017). "Daughter of Indian bus driver becomes UK's first female Sikh MP". *Birmingham Post*. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
5. Sidhu, Balvinder (6 July 2017). "'Dream big, think big': The story of Britain's first female Sikh MP". ITV News. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
6. Badshah, Nadeem (12 June 2017). "Preet Gill's reveals her father inspired her to become first female Sikh MP". *Eastern Eye*. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
7. Mubarak, Salva (9 June 2017). "Preet Kaur Gill is now Britain's first female Sikh MP". *Elle India*. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
8. "UEL graduate Preet Kaur Gill becomes first female Sikh MP". University of East London. 9 June 2017. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
9. Madeley, Pete (13 June 2017). "New MP Preet Gill set to stay on as councillor". *Express & Star*. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
10. Sonwalkar, Prasun (22 June 2016). "British Indian councillors want to stay in EU". *Hindustan Times*. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
11. "Birmingham Edgbaston". *BBC News*. Archived from the original on 20 September 2017. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
12. "Preet Kaur Gill MP". parliament.uk. Archived from the original on 4 November 2017. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
13. "Preet Gill elected as first female Sikh MP". *BBC News*. 9 June 2017. Archived from the original on 9 June 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
14. Eden, Tom (12 January 2018). "Labour Leader Jeremy Corbyn reshuffles his front bench and promotes two North East MPs". *Evening Chronicle*. Archived from the original on 12 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
15. Walker, Jonathan (8 March 2019). "Birmingham MP Preet Kaur Gill backs bid to stop Brexit". *birminghammail*. Archived from the original on 18 September 2020. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
16. "Register of All-Party Parliamentary Groups" (PDF). parliament.uk. 8 November 2017. pp. 622, 770. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 November 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
17. "Birmingham Edgbaston Parliamentary constituency". *BBC News*. BBC. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
18. "Preet Gill: Why I'm backing Keir Starmer for Labour leader". *LabourList*. 23 February 2020. Archived from the original on 24 February 2020. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
19. Rajiv Syal (6 April 2020). "Ed Miliband returns to Labour frontbench in Keir Starmer reshuffle". *The Guardian*. Archived from the original on 6 April 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
20. Rodgers, Sienna (29 November 2021). "Big reshuffle sees Cooper, Streeting, Lammy, Reynolds, Phillipson promoted". *LabourList*. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
21. Group, Preet Gill MP Chair of the Co-operative Party Parliamentary; Development, Shadow Secretary of State for International (11 November 2020). "Preet Kaur Gill MP becomes Chair of Co-operative Party Westminster Parliamentary Group". *Co-operative Party*. `{{cite web}}`: `|last1=` has generic name (help)
22. "Tweet by UK MP on Golden Temple attack angers British Hindus, receives rebuke from Indian mission - Times of India". *The Times of India*. 21 December 2021.
23. "UK MP condemns Punjab 'sacrilege' & lynchings, after blaming 'Hindu terrorist' in 'deleted tweet'". *ThePrint*. 20 December 2021.
24. "Indian High Commission slams British MP Preet Kaur Gill over tweet on attempted sacrilege incident". 21 December 2021.
25. Stacey, Kiran (23 February 2023). "Labour's Preet Gill accused of undermining Sikh victims of sexual violence". *The Guardian*. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
26. "Lisa Nandy, Preet Kaur Gill and other Indian-origin MPs demoted in UK Opposition Labour Party reshuffle". *The Telegraph (India)*. 5 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
27. "Parliamentary Supporters". *lfpme.co.uk*. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
28. "Edgbaston constituency Notice of Poll and Persons Nominated" (PDF). Birmingham City Council. 7 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
29. https://x.com/PreetKGillMP/status/1814010207917289491
30. "Register of Members' Financial Interests as at 23 October 2017" (PDF). parliament.uk. p. 176. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 October 2017. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
31. "BCU 175: Brummies Who Inspire". *Birmingham City University*. Archived from the original on 16 December 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
32. Walawalkar, Aaron (26 October 2018). "Ilford faith leader presents award to UK's first female Sikh MP". *Ilford Recorder*. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
33. "Preet WINS NATIONAL SPEECH AND LANGUAGE THERAPY AWARD". *Preet Kaur Gill*. 11 December 2018. Archived from the original on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
34. Digital, Creative (23 October 2012). "MP of the Year Awards". *Patchwork Foundation*.
35. "Preet Kaur Gill MP wins MP of the Year award for 'consistent championing of young people'". 3 December 2020.

## InfoBox

| Preet Kaur GillMP | |
| --- | --- |
| Official portrait, 2020 | |
|  | |
| Shadow Minister for Primary Care and Public Health | |
| **In office**
6 September 2023  4 July 2024 | |
| Leader | Keir Starmer |
| Preceded by | Feryal Clark (Primary Care)
Andrew Gwynne (Public Health) |
| Shadow Cabinet Minister for International Development | |
| **In office**
6 April 2020  4 September 2023 | |
| Leader | Keir Starmer |
| Preceded by | Dan Carden |
| Succeeded by | Lisa Nandy |
| Member of Parliament
for Birmingham Edgbaston | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
8 June 2017 | |
| Preceded by | Gisela Stuart |
| Majority | 8,368 (22.3%) |
| Shadow portfolios   2018–2020 Shadow Minister for International Development | |
| Member of Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council
for St Paul's | |
| **In office**
3 May 2012  4 May 2018 | |
| Preceded by | Paramjit Randhawa |
| Succeeded by | Samiya Akhter |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Preet Kaur Shergill
(1972-11-21) 21 November 1972
Edgbaston, Birmingham, England |
| Political party | Labour Co-op |
| Parent |  |
| Alma mater | University of East London (BSc) |
| Website | www.preetkaurgill.com |
|  | |


title: The Thing to Do (song)

abstract: "The Thing to Do" is an R&B song by Glenn Lewis. It is his debut single, released in 1997, and is featured on the GROOVEssentials Volume One compilation album. The song was nominated for Best R&B/Soul Recording at the 1998 Juno Awards. The song's music video features an appearance by a young Melyssa Ford.

text:
# The Thing to Do (song)

"**The Thing to Do**" is an R&B song by Glenn Lewis. It is his debut single, released in 1997, and is featured on the *GROOVEssentials Volume One* compilation album. The song was nominated for Best R&B/Soul Recording at the 1998 Juno Awards. The song's music video features an appearance by a young Melyssa Ford.

## InfoBox

| "The Thing to Do" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Glenn Lewis | |
| from the album  *GROOVEssentials Volume One* | |
| Released | 1997 |
| Genre | R&B |
| Length | 4:57 |
| Label | Beat Factory/BMG Canada |
| Songwriter(s) | G. Lewis |
| Producer(s) | Glenn Lewis |
| Glenn Lewis singles chronology | |
| "**The Thing to Do**"
(1997) "Bout Your Love"
(1998) | |


title: Pterostylis dilatata

abstract: Pterostylis dilatata, commonly known as the robust snail orchid, is a species of orchid which is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. Non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves but flowering plants lack a rosette and have a single green and white flower on a flowering stem with stem leaves. The flowers appear in winter and have lateral sepals which almost close off the front of the flower.

text:
# Pterostylis dilatata

***Pterostylis dilatata***, commonly known as the **robust snail orchid**, is a species of orchid which is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. Non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves but flowering plants lack a rosette and have a single green and white flower on a flowering stem with stem leaves. The flowers appear in winter and have lateral sepals which almost close off the front of the flower.

## Description

*Pterostylis dilatata* is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and when not flowering, a rosette lying flat on the ground. Flowering plants lack a rosette but have a single green and white flower on a flowering stem 50–150 mm (2–6 in) tall with three to five stem leaves. The stem leaves are 4–20 mm (0.2–0.8 in) long and 1–4 mm (0.04–0.2 in) wide. The flower is green and white, 18–24 mm (0.7–0.9 in) long, 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide. The dorsal sepal and petals form a hood over the column with the petals flared and the dorsal sepal having a short point. The lateral sepals are erect, fused for most of their length except for their thread-like tips which are 11–15 mm (0.4–0.6 in) long. The lateral sepals are in close contact with the gales and have a bulging sinus between them. The labellum is about 6 mm (0.2 in) long, 2 mm (0.08 in) wide and not visible outside the intact flower. Flowering occurs from May to August.

## Taxonomy and naming

*Pterostylis dilatata* was first formally described in 1984 by Alex George from a specimen collected near Bluff Knoll. The description was published in *Nuytsia*. The specific epithet (*dilatata*) is a Latin word meaning "spread out", "enlarged" or "extended" referring to the bloated base of the flower.

## Distribution and habitat

The robust snail orchid grows in shrubland, woodland and in soil pockets on granite outcrops between Geraldton and Israelite Bay in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Geraldton Sandplains, Jarrah Forest, Swan Coastal Plain biogeographic regions of Western Australia.

## Conservation status

*Pterostylis dilatata* is classified as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.

## InfoBox

| Robust snail orchid | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
| Tribe: | Cranichideae |
| Genus: | *Pterostylis* |
| Species: | ***P. dilatata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pterostylis dilatata***<br>A.S.George | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Shangxiajiu Pedestrian Street

abstract: Shangxiajiu Pedestrian Street, or simply as Shangxiajiu, is a commercial pedestrian street in Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. It is the first business street in Guangzhou, and it opened in September 1995.

text:
# Shangxiajiu Pedestrian Street

**Shangxiajiu Pedestrian Street** (Chinese: 上下九步行街; pinyin: *shàngxiàjiǔ bùxíngjiē*; Jyutping: *Soeng6haa6gau2 Bou6hang4gaai1*), or simply as **Shangxiajiu** (Chinese: 上下九), is a commercial pedestrian street in Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. It is the first business street in Guangzhou, and it opened in September 1995.

## Location

Located in the old town of Xiguan (Chinese: 西关; Jyutping: *Sai1 Gwaan1*), it stretches from Shangjiu Road (Chinese: 上九路) and Xiajiu Road (Chinese: 下九路) in the east to Dishifu Road (Chinese: 第十甫路; Jyutping: *Dai6 Sap6 Pou2 Lou6*) in the west, and traverses Baohua Road (Chinese: 寶華路; Jyutping: *Bou2 Waa4 Lou6*) and Wenchang Road (Chinese: 文昌路; Jyutping: *Man4 Coeng1 Lou6*), about 1,200 meters (3,900 ft) long with more than 300 shops.

Shangxiajiu is composed of the unique and historical architecture based on Tong Lau and teahouses, featuring the characteristics of European and Chinese styles. It has a group of old famous stores, such as the Guangzhou Garment Store, the Herring Shoes and Hats Store, and the Dalu Clock and Watch Store. It also has some well-known restaurants, including the Guangzhou Restaurant (廣州酒家), the Taotaoju Restaurant (陶陶居), Wenchang Chicken (文昌雞), and Taotao Ginger and Onion Chicken (薑蔥雞).


title: Ray J. Ceresa

abstract: Raymond John Ceresa was an English chemist, stamp collector and philatelic expert on postage stamps of Russia and areas from the 1917–23 era. Ceresa wrote a five-volume monumental work on these issues.

text:
# Ray J. Ceresa

**Raymond John Ceresa** (25 March 1929  10 June 2017) was an English chemist, stamp collector and philatelic expert on postage stamps of Russia and areas from the 1917–23 era. Ceresa wrote a five-volume monumental work on these issues.

## Chemistry

Ceresa specialised in block and graft copolymers. He has written several books about the subject:

* Block and Graft Copolymers (1963)
* Block and Graft Copolymerization (1973)
* Block and Graft Copolymerization: v. 2 (1975)

## Collecting interests and memberships

The postage stamps of Russia and areas, Russian forgeries, Russian revenues, stamps and documents.

Ceresa was member of the board of directors of the Rossica Society of Russian Philately and was member of BSRP, UPNS, UPV, and socs. in Germany, ANZAC.

## Philatelic literature

Ceresa has written a monumental work on the postage stamps of Russia in the 1917–23 era:

* The Postage Stamps of Russia 1917–23 (1983)

### Volume 1. Armenia

Part 1 The 60 Kopeck surcharges Part 2 The Small and Medium sized Framed HP Monogram Overprints Part 3 The Large sized Framed HP Monogram Overprints Parts 4/5 The Unframed HP Monogram Overprints Parts 6/7 the 1, 3 and 5 Rouble HH Surcharges Parts 8/9 The 10, 25, 50, and 100 Rouble HH Surcharges Parts 10/13 The Pictorial Issues and Surcharges

### Volume 2. Ukraine

Parts 1/2 The Trident Issues of Odesa Types I to IV Parts 3/4 The Trident Issues of Odesa Types V and VI Parts 5/6 The Trident Issues of Katerinoslav and Poltava Parts 7/8 The Trident Issues of Kharkiv Types I, II and III Parts 9/13 The Trident Issues of Kyiv Types I, II and III (TEXT) Parts 9/13 The Trident Issues of Kyiv Types I, II and III (PLATES) Parts 14/19 The Trident Issues of Podilia Types Ia to XVIe (TEXT) Parts 14/19 The Trident Issues of Podilia Types Ia to XVIe (PLATES) Parts 20/23 The Special Trident Issues (TEXT) Parts 20/23 The Special Trident Issues (PLATES) Parts 24/26 The Shahiv, Hryven and Vienna Issues. (TEXT) Parts 24/26 The Shahiv, Hryven and Vienna Issues. (PLATES)

### Volume 3. Armies and Post Offices

Parts 1/2 North Western and Northern Armies Parts 3/5 Siberia, Far East and Related Issues Parts 6/12 South Russia and Russian Refugee Post Issues (TEXT & PLATES "A") Parts 6/12 South Russia and Russian Refugee Post Issues (PLATES "B") Parts 13/15 Russian Post Offices in China Parts 16/18 Russian Post Offices in the Levant and White Armies Parts 19/21 Addenda to North Western and Northern Armies, Siberia and F.E.R. Parts 22/24 Addenda to Issues for S. Russia, Crimea, White Armies & P.O.'s etc.

### Volume 4. Transcaucasia

Parts 1/5 Azerbaijan sections A and B Parts 6/7 Sections C1 and CII Parts 8/12 Georgia Sections A and B Parts 13/16 Batum sections A and B

### Volume 5. The RSFSR

Parts 1/5 October 1917 to early March 1920 Parts 6/9 March 1920 to August 1921 Armavir to Kharkiv Parts 10/12 Mar1920 to Aug 1921 Kharkov to Zkukovka Parts 13/18 Definitive issues of 1921 Parts 13/18 Provisional and Commemorative issues Parts 19/25 1922 issues Parts 19/25 1922 issues continued Parts 26/29 1923 Star Surcharges Parts 30/31 1923 Small Heads Parts 32/40 Late 1923 issues

Supplement:

* Russian Postage Stamps 1917–1923 Pocket Forgery Guide (2004–2005)

Part 1 Russia – North Western Army, Kopeck Values Part 2 Russia- North Western Army, Ruble Values Part 3 Armenia – 60 Kopeck Overprints Part 4A Russia – Ukraine, Odessa Type I Part 4B Russia – Ukraine, Odessa Type II Tridents Part 5 Russia – Northern Army Part 6 Armenia – Small Framed HP Monograms Part 7A Russia – Ukraine, Odessa Type III Tridents Part 8 Russia – Western Army Overprints Part 9 Armenia – Medium Framed HP Monograms Part 10 Russia – Ukraine Odessa Types V Part 11 Russia – Ukraine Odessa Types VI Part 12 South Russia – Don Territory, Kossack Government Part 13 Russia – Siberia, Far Eastern Republic Parts 19/20 Russia – Siberia Priamur and Maritime Provinces and Soviet Far East Issues

### Articles in philatelic journals

Ceresa authored many articles in journals of Russian Philatelic Societies.

* Rossica.
* Pochta.
* BJRP – The British Journal of Russian Philately.
* Ямщик – The Post-Rider.

## Honors and awards

Dr. Ray Ceresa was awarded many times for his exhibits and literature. An incomplete list:

* STAMPEX 2011, Large Vermeil – Revenue Class: 'The Revenue Stamps Used in Armenia from 1918 to 1930'.
* ROSSICAPEX 2009, Silver medals for two exhibits *Armenian Revenues – Their Use on Receipts 1918–1924* and *The Trident Revenues of Podolia, Ukraine, 1919* from the American Revenue Association.
* CHICAGOPEX 2007 Palmares, Silver Bronze – category Literature: 'Russian Postage Stamps 1917–1923, Pocket Forgery Guide, Booklets 8 (Russia – Western Army) and 10A (Russia – Ukraine, Odessa Type Va Tridents).
* CHICAGOPEX 2006 Palmares, Vermeil – category Literature: 'Russian Postage Stamps 1917–1923, Pocket Forgery Guide, Booklets 7B and 9'.
* CHICAGOPEX 2004 Palmares, Silver – category Literature: 'Russian Postage Stamps 1917–1923, Pocket Forgery Guide, Booklets 1-4B'.

## InfoBox

| Ray J. Ceresa | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Raymond John Ceresa
March 25, 1929 |
| Died | (aged 88)
West Sussex, England |
| Nationality | British |
| Education | PhD Chemistry |
| Occupation | Engineer |
| **Engineering career** | |
| Projects | 5 Volume work on the postage stamps of Russia 1917–23. |
| Awards | American Revenue Association exhibition award: twice silver, Chicagopex 2004 silver. |
|  | |


title: Rawa Badak Selatan

abstract: South Rawa Badak is administrative village at Koja subdistrict, North Jakarta. The zip code of this administrative village is 14230.

text:
# Rawa Badak Selatan

**South Rawa Badak** (**Rawa Badak Selatan** in Indonesian) is administrative village (*kelurahan* in Indonesian) at Koja subdistrict, North Jakarta.

The zip code of this administrative village is 14230.

## Toponymy and history

The name of *Rawa Badak* possibly derived from Sundanese word *rawa badag*, which the mean is *the wide swamp*. In the eastern of Jakarta (the former name is Batavia), when this administrative village lies, were the wide swamp in the early time.

South Rawa Badak is the separation of former Rawa Badak administrative village, according to Governor Decree (*Surat Keputusan Gubernur Propinsi Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta*) Number 1251 of 1986.

## Referensi


title: Raymond John Moore

abstract: Raymond John Moore (1918–1988) was a Canadian botanist best known for his researches into Buddleja hybridization at the Blandy Experimental Farm in Boyce, Virginia, USA, and later at the Canadian Department of Agriculture Plant Research Institute in Ottawa, where he specialized in cytogenetics.

text:
# Raymond John Moore

**Raymond John Moore** (19181988) was a Canadian botanist best known for his researches into *Buddleja* hybridization at the Blandy Experimental Farm in Boyce, Virginia, USA, and later at the Canadian Department of Agriculture Plant Research Institute in Ottawa, where he specialized in cytogenetics.

## Publications

* Moore, R. J. (1949). Cytotaxonomic studies in the Loganiaceae. III Artificial hybrids in the genus Buddleia. L. *Am. J. Bot.* 36, 511516. 1949.
* Moore, R. J. (1952). An interspecific hybrid in Buddleja. *Journal of Heredity.* Vol. 43, Issue 1, 4144. Oxford University Press.
* Moore, R. J. (1960). Cytotaxonomic notes on Buddleia. L. *Am. J. Bot.* 47, 6, 511517. 1960.
* Moore, R. J. (1961). Polyploidy, phylogeny and photoperiodism in Old World Buddleja. *Evolution*. Vol. 15, No. 3, Sept. 1961.
* Moore, R. J. and Frankton, C. (1974). The Thistles of Canada. Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa; Monograph No. 10.
* Norman, E. M. & Moore, R. J. (1968). Notes on Emorya (Loganiaceae). *The Southwestern Naturalist*. 13 (2), 137142. Sept. 1968.

The standard author abbreviation R.J.Moore is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.


title: Ray Zirkelbach

abstract: Ray Zirkelbach is a former state legislator, prison counselor and soldier. He was raised on a farm in Scotch Grove, Iowa and graduated from Monticello High School in 1997. Zirkelbach served in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing the 31st District, from 2005 to 2011. He was deployed in Iraq as an Iowa National Guard sergeant, in the First Battalion of the 133rd Infantry. He holds a BA from the University of Wyoming in Administration of Justice. He did not sit in the 2006 or 2007 session of the Iowa House, because he was on active duty with the Iowa National Guard in Iraq. During his last term in the Iowa House, he was Chair of the Veterans Affairs Committee and a member of the Appropriations, Commerce and Agricultural committees, and was selected to serve on the Justice Systems Appropriations Committee. Ray has since continued his public service as a correctional counselor at the Anamosa State Penitentiary and program director of Advancement Services of Jones County. He has focused his efforts in community restoration projects and has since purchased and actively renovates properties in the area. On November 8, 2015, Zirkelbach announced he intended to explore a campaign for the US Senate. Zirkelbach declined pursuing the nomination, focusing on macro-level social work. At this time Zirkelbach works as consultant and documentarian for an urban farming project in Flint, Michigan.

text:
# Ray Zirkelbach

**Ray Zirkelbach** (born October 20, 1978) is a former state legislator, prison counselor and soldier. He was raised on a farm in Scotch Grove, Iowa and graduated from Monticello High School in 1997. Zirkelbach served in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing the 31st District, from 2005 to 2011. He was deployed in Iraq as an Iowa National Guard sergeant, in the First Battalion of the 133rd Infantry. He holds a BA from the University of Wyoming in Administration of Justice.

He did not sit in the 2006 or 2007 session of the Iowa House, because he was on active duty with the Iowa National Guard in Iraq.

During his last term in the Iowa House, he was Chair of the Veterans Affairs Committee and a member of the Appropriations, Commerce and Agricultural committees, and was selected to serve on the Justice Systems Appropriations Committee.

Ray has since continued his public service as a correctional counselor at the Anamosa State Penitentiary and program director of Advancement Services of Jones County. He has focused his efforts in community restoration projects and has since purchased and actively renovates properties in the area.

On November 8, 2015, Zirkelbach announced he intended to explore a campaign for the US Senate. Zirkelbach declined pursuing the nomination, focusing on macro-level social work. At this time Zirkelbach works as consultant and documentarian for an urban farming project in Flint, Michigan.

## Electoral history

Zirkelbach was first elected to the Iowa House in 2004 with 8,712 votes, defeating incumbent Republican opponent Gene Manternach. He was reelected in 2006 with 8,447 votes, running unopposed. He was reelected in 2008 with 9,818 votes, defeating Republican opponent Dena Himes in a campaign that focused on ethanol, wind energy, and veterans affairs.

Zirkelbach endorsed U.S. Senator Christopher Dodd in the 2008 Democratic presidential primaries. He proposed a ban on the sale of imported flags (U.S. flag or Iowa state flag) in Iowa. He lost his bid for reelection in 2010 with 5,431 votes, losing to Republican Lee Hein.

*incumbent

| Election | Political result | | Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Iowa House of Representatives primary elections, 2004**
*District 31*
**Turnout:** 1,462 |  | Democratic |  | **Ray Zirkelbach** | Democratic | 898 | 61.4 |
| | | |  | Joyce Jarding | Democratic | 562 | 38.4 |
| **Iowa House of Representatives elections, 2004**
*District 31*
**Turnout:** 15,092 |  | Democratic gain from Republican |  | **Ray Zirkelbach** | Democratic | 8,172 | 54.1 |
| | | |  | Gene A. Mantermach\* | Republican | 6,910 | 45.8 |
| **2006 Iowa House of Representatives elections**
*District 31* |  | Democratic hold |  | **Raymond Zirkelbach\*** | Democratic | unopposed | |
| **2008 Iowa House of Representatives elections**
*District 31*
**Turnout:** 14,922 |  | Democratic hold |  | **Ray Zirkelbach\*** | Democratic | 9,818 | 65.8 |
| | | |  | Dena Himes | Republican | 5,096 | 34.2 |
| **2010 Iowa House of Representatives elections**
*District 31*
**Turnout:** 12,040 |  | Republican gain from Democratic |  | **Lee Hein** | Republican | 6,280 | 52.2 |
| | | |  | Ray Zirkelbach\* | Democratic | 5,431 | 45.1 |

## InfoBox

| Ray Zirkelbach | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Iowa House of Representatives
from the 31st district | |
| **In office**
January 10, 2005  January 9, 2011 | |
| Preceded by | Gene Manternach |
| Succeeded by | Lee Hein |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1978-10-20) October 20, 1978
Manchester, Iowa, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Divorced |
| Children | 2 other children |
| Residence | Monticello, Iowa |
| Alma mater | University of Wyoming (B.A.) |
| Website | Zirkelbach's website |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Raymond Carr House

abstract: The Raymond Carr House is a Colonial Revival style house located in Kingman, Arizona. The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was evaluated for National Register listing as part of a 1985 study of 63 historic resources in Kingman that led to this and many others being listed.

text:
# Raymond Carr House

The **Raymond Carr House** is a Colonial Revival style house located in Kingman, Arizona. The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was evaluated for National Register listing as part of a 1985 study of 63 historic resources in Kingman that led to this and many others being listed.

## Description

The Raymond Carr House is located at 620 Oak Street in Kingman, Arizona. The home was built in 1916 in the Neo-Colonial Revival style. B. Allen Brown and H. W. Charleton & Co. were the architect and contractor. It has a native stone foundation including the lower wall, and stone came from A. H. Smith Quarry. The two story adobe home is one of the largest homes built in Kingman and was considered an upper class residence. Mr. Carr was one of Mohave County's early pioneers. A livestock rancher, he also co-owned several Kingman businesses, including its second bank, Citizen's Bank, the Kingman Drug Co., and Arizona Stores. His wife, Effie, active in many civic groups, was Worthy Grand Matron of Arizona for the Eastern Star organization.  Then house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. The home is currently occupied by Carol Gordon who purchased it with her deceased husband Wesley Gordon in 1986.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Raymond Carr House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 620 East Oak Street<br>Kingman, Arizona |
| Coordinates | 35°11′22″N 114°2′50″W / 35.18944°N 114.04722°W / 35.18944; -114.04722 |
| Built | 1916 |
| Architect | Brown, B. Allen; Charleton, H.W. & Co. |
| Architectural style | Colonial Revival |
| MPS | Kingman MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 86001118 |
| Added to NRHP | May 14, 1986 |


title: Raymond L. Wallace

abstract: Raymond L. Wallace was an American amateur Bigfoot hoaxer. Wallace was born in Clarksdale, Missouri. He worked as a logger for much of his life, but also in road construction throughout much of Washington, Oregon and California. He served in the United States Army during World War II as an aircraft gunner. Wallace finally settled in Toledo, Washington in 1961.

text:
# Raymond L. Wallace

**Raymond L. Wallace** (April 21, 1918 − November 26, 2002) was an American amateur Bigfoot hoaxer.

Wallace was born in Clarksdale, Missouri. He worked as a logger for much of his life, but also in road construction throughout much of Washington, Oregon and California. He served in the United States Army during World War II as an aircraft gunner. Wallace finally settled in Toledo, Washington in 1961.

## Bigfoot

In August 1958, the *Humboldt Times* of Eureka, California, was the first to use the term "Bigfoot" in their story about huge footprints found by a worker of Wallace's Humboldt County construction company.

Upon Wallace's death, his son Michael revealed that Wallace was in possession of large, poorly crafted, obviously fake wooden feet. According to Wallace's family, Ray's brother Wilbur Wallace and nephew Mack McKinley used these wooden feet to stamp imprints around northern California as a prank. Ray Wallace also created hair and feces samples which the family left in the woods for Bigfoot researchers to find. He created the hair samples by processing hair from the bison he kept on his wild animal farm near Toledo. However, Chris Murphy notes that Ed Schillinger, "who is the only living witness from the Bluff Creek job" and "who considers himself almost an adopted son of the man \[Ray\]," strongly disputes the family's allegations.

Cryptozoologist Mark A. Hall was a persistent critic of the authenticity of Crew's 1958 tracks, and of certain other Bluff Creek tracks. Another cryptozoologist, Loren Coleman, has been similarly critical.

Regarding Wallace's claim to have told Roger Patterson where to go to shoot the Patterson film, Jeffrey Meldrum writes, "... but it was clear from later interviews that he possessed little knowledge of the specific area ...."

## Death

Wallace died in a Centralia, Washington nursing home at the age of 84.

## Other reading

## InfoBox

| Ray Wallace | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Raymond L. Wallace
(1918-04-21)April 21, 1918
Clarksdale, Missouri, U.S. |
| Died | November 26, 2002(2002-11-26) (aged 84)
Centralia, Washington, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Known for | Bigfoot hoaxing |


title: Raymond Leboursier

abstract: Raymond Leboursier was a French film editor, film director, actor, and screenwriter.

text:
# Raymond Leboursier

**Raymond Leboursier** (22 May 1917 – 26 July 1987) was a French film editor, film director, actor, and screenwriter.

## Filmography

### Actor

### Director

### Assistant director

### Film editor

## InfoBox

| Raymond Leboursier | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 22 May 1917
Paris |
| Died | 26 June 1987(1987-06-26) (aged 70)
Cannes |
| Occupation(s) | film editor, film director, actor and screenwriter. |
| Years active | 1930–1969 |


title: Rational conformal field theory

abstract: In theoretical physics, a rational conformal field theory is a special type of two-dimensional conformal field theory with a finite number of conformal primaries. In these theories, all dimensions are rational numbers that can be computed from the consistency conditions of conformal field theory. The most famous examples are the so-called minimal models. More generally, rational conformal field theory can refer to any CFT with a finite number of primary operators with respect to the action of its chiral algebra. Chiral algebras can be much larger than the Virasoro algebra. Well-known examples include affine Lie algebras, relevant to the Wess–Zumino–Witten model, and W-algebras.

text:
# Rational conformal field theory

In theoretical physics, a **rational conformal field theory** is a special type of two-dimensional conformal field theory with a finite number of conformal primaries. In these theories, all dimensions (and the central charge) are rational numbers that can be computed from the consistency conditions of conformal field theory. The most famous examples are the so-called minimal models.

More generally, *rational conformal field theory* can refer to any CFT with a finite number of primary operators with respect to the action of its chiral algebra. Chiral algebras can be much larger than the Virasoro algebra. Well-known examples include (the enveloping algebra of) affine Lie algebras, relevant to the Wess–Zumino–Witten model, and W-algebras.


title: Real Hip-Hop

abstract: "Real Hip-Hop" is a song by American hip hop group Das EFX. It is the lead single from their third studio album Hold It Down (1995). The song was produced by DJ Premier. Three remixes to the song have been released. Among the artists are producers Pete Rock and Solid Scheme and rapper PMD.

text:
# Real Hip-Hop

"**Real Hip-Hop**" is a song by American hip hop group Das EFX. It is the lead single from their third studio album *Hold It Down* (1995). The song was produced by DJ Premier.

Three remixes to the song have been released. Among the artists are producers Pete Rock and Solid Scheme and rapper PMD.

## Track listings

Information taken from Discogs.

A-Side 1. "Real Hip-Hop" (Premier's LP Version) - 4:09
2. "Real Hip-Hop" (Pete Rock Remix) - 4:18
3. "Real Hip-Hop" (Solid Scheme Remix) - 4:12
4. "Real Hip-Hop" (PMD Remix) - 4:32

B-Side 1. "No Diggedy" (LP Version) - 4:02
2. "Real Hip-Hop" (LP Instrumental) - 4:09
3. "Real Hip-Hop" (Pete Rock Remix Instrumental) - 4:18
4. "Real Hip-Hop" (Acapella) - 3:50

## Charts

| Chart (1995) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 61 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (*Billboard*) | 48 |
| US Hot Rap Songs (*Billboard*) | 10 |

## InfoBox

| "Real Hip-Hop" | |
| --- | --- |
| Maxi single cover art | |
| Single by Das EFX | |
| from the album  *Hold It Down* | |
| B-side | "No Diggedy" |
| Released | September 12, 1995 |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Length | 4:09 |
| Label | East West |
| Songwriter(s) | Andre Weston, William Hines, Christopher Martin |
| Producer(s) | DJ Premier |
| Das EFX singles chronology | |
| "Kaught in da Ak"
(1994) "**Real Hip-Hop**"
(1995) "Microphone Master"
(1996) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Real Hip-Hop" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: RealD 3D

abstract: RealD 3D is a digital stereoscopic projection technology made and sold by RealD. It is currently the most widely used technology for watching 3D films in theaters. Worldwide, RealD 3D is installed in more than 26,500 auditoriums by approximately 1,200 exhibitors in 72 countries as of June 2015.

text:
# RealD 3D

**RealD 3D** is a digital stereoscopic projection technology made and sold by RealD. It is currently the most widely used technology for watching 3D films in theaters. Worldwide, RealD 3D is installed in more than 26,500 auditoriums by approximately 1,200 exhibitors in 72 countries as of June 2015.

## Technology

RealD 3D cinema technology is a polarized 3D system that uses circularly polarized light to produce stereoscopic image projection. The advantage of circular polarization over linear polarization is that viewers are able to tilt their head and look about the theater naturally without seeing double or darkened images. However, as with other systems, any significant head tilt will result in incorrect parallax and prevent the brain from correctly fusing the stereoscopic images.

The high-resolution, digital cinema grade video projector alternately projects right-eye frames and left-eye frames, switching between them 144 times per second. The projector is either a Texas Instruments Digital Light Processing device or Sony's reflective LCOS (liquid crystal on silicon). A push-pull electro-optical liquid crystal modulator called a ZScreen is placed immediately in front of the projector lens to alternately polarize each frame. It circularly polarizes the frames clockwise for the right eye and counter-clockwise for the left eye. The audience wears circularly polarized glasses that have oppositely polarized lenses that ensures each eye sees only its designated frame. In RealD Cinema, each frame is projected three times to reduce flicker, a system called triple flash. The source video is usually produced at 24 frames per second per eye (total 48 frames/s), which may result in subtle ghosting and stuttering on horizontal camera movements. A silver screen is used to maintain the light polarization upon reflection and to reduce reflection loss to counter some of the significant light loss due to polarization filter absorption. The result is a 3D pictures that seems to extend behind and in front of the screen itself.

## Further reading

* US patent 7477206, "Enhanced ZScreen modulator techniques", issued January 13, 2009,  assigned to RealD
* US patent 6975345, "Polarizing modulator for an electronic stereoscopic display", issued December 13, 2005,  assigned to StereoGraphics Corporation
* US patent 5481321, "Stereoscopic motion picture projection system", issued January 2, 1996,  assigned to Lenny Lipton
* US patent 4884876, "Achromatic liquid crystal shutter for stereoscopic and other applications", issued December 5, 1989,  assigned to Lenny Lipton
* US patent 4792850, "Method and system employing a push-pull liquid crystal modulator", issued December 20, 1988,  assigned to StereoGraphics Corporation

## InfoBox

RealD 3D
|
|  |
|
| Type | 3D projection technology |
| Manufacturer | RealD |
| Website | http://www.reald.com |


title: Ravenswood Community Church

abstract: Ravenswood Community Church is a heritage-listed former Roman Catholic church and now union church at Chapel Street, Ravenswood, Charters Towers Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1871 by Ross & O'Reilly. It is also known as St Patrick's Catholic Church. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 September 1999.

text:
# Ravenswood Community Church

**Ravenswood Community Church** is a heritage-listed former Roman Catholic church and now union church at Chapel Street, Ravenswood, Charters Towers Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1871 by Ross & O'Reilly. It is also known as St Patrick's Catholic Church. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 September 1999.

## History

Ravenswood Community Church, formerly St Patrick's Catholic Church, was opened on 21 October 1871. Additions have been made to the church over time and it is understood that major additions were made to the building in the early 20th century.

Early discoveries of gold in the Ravenswood area were made by prospectors attracted to the district by gold mining at Cape River. Gold was discovered in the Ravenswood district in 1868 although the Top Camp Lode was not discovered until the following year.

Ravenswood was initially an alluvial field with some quartz reefing. Following the discovery of quartz reefs there were problems with attracting crushing machinery. The arrival of a five head stamp battery in 1869, led to a subsequent improvement in returns from the quartz reefs providing the miners with the impetus to develop a more permanent township.

By the mid 1870s, the population was fairly stable. There were a number of service industries established including five hotels, saddler, blacksmiths, chemist, baker, assayer, and butcher. auctioneer, a variety of stores from fancy goods to wholesalers.

About March 1871 a committee was formed to plan the construction of a Catholic chapel. A subscription list was opened and donations acknowledged in the Ravenswood Miner. The construction of the church appears to have been a community affair with people from many denominations donating to the project or helping with construction. A small school was opened in the chapel soon after construction was completed.

Ross & O'Reilly who are believed to have been local builders constructed the building. Hugh Ross was identified as a builder in Charters Towers in 1875 where he constructed Acker & Company's building, the Oddfellows' Hall and the Anglican and Presbyterian churches. These churches are similar in design to the Ravenswood Community Church.

A severe storm in 1873 damaged the church although it is not known how severely. One local story says that the rear of the building had to be rebuilt while another says that the whole building was demolished and required rebuilding.

The Ravenswood Catholic community became a thriving one with a church, boarding school and convent located in Chapel Street. Fr JPF Connolly, from Townsville, was the first visiting priest to Ravenswood. Later, missionary priests from Italy and France visited the town before it became a parish in its own right.

In 1885 Fr Flood, first parish priest, began negotiations with the Sisters of Mercy to open a school and convent. The Ravenswood community again demonstrated their faith in the long term prosperity of their town by supporting Fr Flood's fundraising campaign. Fr Flood purchased a house for the nuns who arrived in 1886. The first convent school was probably opened in the church. And later a day and boarding school for girls was opened in 1890.

During the second world war students from St Patrick's College, The Strand, Townsville were evacuated to the boarding school at Ravenswood. After the war St Patrick's students returned to Townsville. The boarding school and convent remained in operation until 1948 when both were closed.

The school building was moved to Giru but the convent remained in situ until damaged in a storm and demolished by local residents for its timber.

Townsville builders Rooney & Company are thought to be the contractors who extended the church in 1905. The church continued to be used, although it was allowed to fall into disrepair, until 1957 when a community fundraising campaign raised £50 for repairs. Community working bees renewed the wall behind the sanctuary after it was damaged by white ants, the roof was renewed where necessary, and the white ant-damaged sacristy was demolished and reconstructed. The structure was then painted.

Despite this community activity the building was under-utilised and neglected until the mid 1970s when a local couple chose to be married there. Once again the community responded with working bees to repair the building in time for the wedding. Windows were replaced, the structure was painted, fittings were repaired and carpet laid in the aisle.

In the mid 1980s the Roman Catholic Diocese of Townsville handed over the property to the Dalrymple Shire (now amalgamated into Charters Towers Region). Since that time the Ravenswood community, assisted with funds from local mining company Carpentaria Gold, has maintained its long association with the church by acting as caretakers of the building and by utilising the place as a community church. Special events such as carols by candle light, which involve the whole community, are also celebrated in the church.

The structure has recently been repainted and the stairs to the choir loft rebuilt.

## Description

The Ravenswood Community Church is a rectangular planned building with a gabled corrugated iron roof. It is located south east of the town on a cleared rise facing Chapel Street.

On the western side of the building are remnant plantings and building material from the Mercy Convent, which was located next door. A brick entrance is located down the slope at the Chapel Street entrance to the site.

The front section of the building is clad with chamferboard while the rear has a single skin of chamferboard with exposed framing. Projecting from the nave is an entry porch, which faces Chapel Street. There are narrow windows either side of the porch and in the front wall of the porch. Similar windows are found along both sides of the structure.

A curved projection at the rear of the building marks the sanctuary. A sacristy and a similar extension are located on either side of the sanctuary.

The internal fittings include pews, timber and marble altar, baptismal font and confessional. The interior has been painted and fittings repaired. A new staircase to the choir loft has been recently constructed and windows replaced with new frames.

## Heritage listing

Ravenswood Community Church was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 September 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.

**The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.**

Ravenswood Community Church, constructed in stages from 1871 by Charters Towers builders, Ross and O'Reilly, is important in demonstrating the periods of prosperity of the Ravenswood gold fields and is evidence of the spread of the Catholic religion in regional Queensland particularly North Queensland.

**The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.**

The church, which is a simply constructed timber building overlooking the town, is a landmark in Ravenswood.

**The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.**

The local community has had a long association with the church. On a number of occasions the survival of the church has depended on the concern and generosity of the Ravenswood community which has provided ongoing care and maintenance on the building since the 1950s. As a community church the building continues to be a focus for community gatherings, church services and celebrations.

### Attribution

This Wikipedia article was originally based on *"The Queensland heritage register"* published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 7 July 2014, archived on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were originally computed from the *"Queensland heritage register boundaries"* published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 5 September 2014, archived on 15 October 2014).

Media related to Ravenswood Community Church at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Ravenswood Community Church | |
| --- | --- |
| Ravenswood Community Church, 2011 | |
|  | |
| 20°06′00″S 146°53′33″E / 20.1001°S 146.8924°E / -20.1001; 146.8924 | |
| Address | Chapel Street, Ravenswood, Charters Towers Region, Queensland |
| Country | Australia |
| Denomination | Union Church
(since c.1985) |
| Previous denomination | Roman Catholic
(1871–c.1985) |
| History | |
| Former name(s) | St Patrick's Catholic Church |
| Status | Church |
| Founded | 21 October 1871 (1871-10-21) |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Active |
| Architectural type | Church |
| Style | Gothic Revival |
| Completed | 1871 |
|  | |
| Queensland Heritage Register | |
| Official name | Ravenswood Community Church, St Patrick's Catholic Church |
| Type | state heritage (landscape, built) |
| Designated | 24 September 1999 |
| Reference no. | 601829 |
| Significant period | 1870s (historical)
1870s, 1900s (fabric)
ongoing (social) |
| Significant components | views to, furniture/fittings, church, garden/grounds |
| Builders | Ross & O'Reilly |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Rebecca Muzerie

abstract: Rebecca Muzerie is a British rower.

text:
# Rebecca Muzerie

**Rebecca Muzerie** (née **Girling**, born 3 December 1989) is a British rower.

## Rowing career

She has been selected for the British team to compete in the rowing events, in the eight for the 2020 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Beccy Muzerie
née Rebecca Girling
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1989-12-03) 3 December 1989<br>Fareham |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Rowing |
| Club | Molesey Boat Club |