title: Stanisław Mendelson

abstract: Stanisław Mendelson was a Polish socialist politician and publicist of Jewish descent. He was an activist of Polish and international workers' movement. He was one of the main activists and creators of the first programme of the Polish Socialist Party. In 1875-1878 he helped organize socialist groups in Warsaw. In 1878 Mendelson emigrated to Switzerland, and later lived in France and the United Kingdom. He was the co-founder and editor of the first Polish socialist magazines - Równość, Przedświt and Walka Klas. In 1880 he was accused, together with other activists, in a judicial process with socialists in Kraków. In 1882-1884 he organized socialist groups in Poznań and was eventually imprisoned by Prussian authorities. Being a skilled organizer and publicist, Mendelson personally befriended many foremost European socialists - Friedrich Engels, Karl Liebknecht, Eduard Bernstein, Karl Kautsky, Paul Lafargue, Georgi Plekhanov and others.

text:
# Stanisław Mendelson

**Stanisław (Salomon Naftali) Mendelson** (18 November 1858 in Warsaw \- 25 July 1913 in Warsaw) was a Polish socialist politician and publicist of Jewish descent. He was an activist of Polish and international workers' movement.

He was one of the main activists and creators of the first programme of the Polish Socialist Party. In 1875-1878 he helped organize socialist groups in Warsaw. In 1878 Mendelson emigrated to Switzerland, and later lived in France and the United Kingdom. He was the co-founder and editor of the first Polish socialist magazines - *Równość*, *Przedświt* and *Walka Klas*.

In 1880 he was accused, together with other activists, in a judicial process with socialists in Kraków. In 1882-1884 he organized socialist groups in Poznań and was eventually imprisoned by Prussian authorities. Being a skilled organizer and publicist, Mendelson personally befriended many foremost European socialists - Friedrich Engels, Karl Liebknecht, Eduard Bernstein, Karl Kautsky, Paul Lafargue, Georgi Plekhanov and others.

## Works

* *Kwestyja polska i polityka koła polskiego* (1893)
* *Historia ruchu komunistycznego we Francji w 1871* (1904)


title: Toges, Ardennes

abstract: Toges is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.

text:
# Toges, Ardennes

**Toges** (French pronunciation: \[tɔʒ\]) is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 113 |  |
| 1968 | 134 | +18.6% |
| 1975 | 115 | −14.2% |
| 1982 | 105 | −8.7% |
| 1990 | 96 | −8.6% |
| 1999 | 94 | −2.1% |
| 2008 | 92 | −2.1% |

## InfoBox

| Toges | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church in Toges | |
|  | |
| Location of Toges | |
| TogesToges | |
| Coordinates: 49°25′34″N 4°46′41″E / 49.4261°N 4.7781°E / 49.4261; 4.7781 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Grand Est |
| Department | Ardennes |
| Arrondissement | Vouziers |
| Canton | Vouziers |
| Intercommunality | Argonne Ardennaise |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Roland Canivenq |
| Area**1** | 3.44 km2 (1.33 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 99 |
| Density | 29/km2 (75/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 08453 /08400 |
| Elevation | 165 m (541 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Vellosiella

abstract: Vellosiella is a genus of hemiparasitic flowering plants belonging to the family Orobanchaceae. It is native to Guyana and Venezuela in northern South America and southern parts of Brazil.

text:
# Vellosiella

***Vellosiella*** is a genus of hemiparasitic (a parasite under natural conditions, but remains photosynthetic to at least some degree) flowering plants belonging to the family Orobanchaceae.

It is native to Guyana and Venezuela in northern South America and southern parts of Brazil.

## Known species

As accepted by Kew:

The genus name of *Vellosiella* is in honour of José Mariano de Conceição Vellozo (1742–1811), a Colonial Brazilian botanist who catalogued many specimens. It was first described and published in Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris Vol.1 n page 715 in 1888.

## InfoBox

| *Vellosiella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Orobanchaceae |
| Genus: | *Vellosiella*<br>Baill. |
|


title: Chris Jones (gridiron football coach)

abstract: Chris Jones is an American gridiron football coach who is the senior defensive consultant for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was previously the head coach and general manager of the Saskatchewan Roughriders and Edmonton Elks after serving as the head coach of the Edmonton Eskimos. Jones previously served as the defensive coordinator for the Montreal Alouettes, Calgary Stampeders and Toronto Argonauts before becoming a head coach. Jones won four Grey Cup rings with four teams between 2002 and 2015.

text:
# Chris Jones (gridiron football coach)

**Chris Jones** (born September 25, 1967) is an American gridiron football coach who is the senior defensive consultant for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was previously the head coach and general manager of the Saskatchewan Roughriders and Edmonton Elks after serving as the head coach of the Edmonton Eskimos. Jones previously served as the defensive coordinator for the Montreal Alouettes, Calgary Stampeders and Toronto Argonauts before becoming a head coach. Jones won four Grey Cup rings with four teams between 2002 and 2015.

## College career

Born in South Pittsburg, Tennessee, Jones played college football for the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga as a walk-on, and received little playing time. Instead, he began focusing on a coaching career.

## Coaching career

### NCAA career

Jones began his coaching career at North Jackson High School in Stevenson, Alabama, helping the team win a state championship in 1993. He began coaching NCAA football at Tennessee Tech University in 1995, where he served as a graduate assistant under head coach Jim Ragland. After serving one season as a graduate assistant at the University of Alabama, he joined the University of Tennessee at Martin coaching staff as a defensive line coach in 1998. He returned to Tennessee Tech in 1999 as a defensive line coach and recruiting coordinator.

### Early CFL career

Jones moved to the CFL in 2002, after being an assistant coach for Arena League Las Vegas in the spring and summer, after being named the new defensive line coach of the Montreal Alouettes helping Montreal win the 90th Grey Cup. He remained there until 2007. In 2008, he was named defensive coordinator of the Calgary Stampeders, which won the 96th Grey Cup, and was promoted to Assistant Coach in 2010. He later joined the Toronto Argonauts as Defensive Coordinator and was part of the team that won the 100th Grey Cup.

### Edmonton Eskimos

Jones was named head coach of the Edmonton Eskimos in November 2013. After a 12-6 2014 season, he was nominated for CFL Coach of the Year. Jones was nominated as the West representative for coach of the year in 2015 after winning 14 of the 18 regular season games. The East representative and winner was former Eskimos assistant coach Rick Campbell. Jones' Eskimos were victorious over the Ottawa Redblacks in the 103rd Grey Cup game. Following the season the divisional rival Saskatchewan Roughriders were given permission by GM Ed Hervey to entering into negotiations to fill their vacant head coaching position.

### Saskatchewan Roughriders

On December 7, 2015, a mere week after winning the 2015 Grey Cup, it was announced that Jones would be the new general manager and head coach of the Saskatchewan Roughriders. After a disappointing 3–15 season in 2015 Jones took over in 2016 and things got off to a poor start, as the team won only one of their first 11 games. However, down the stretch they won four of the remaining seven games to finish with a record of 5–13. 2017 saw the Riders return to being a competitive team, as the club qualified for the playoffs for the first time since 2014. After defeating the Ottawa Redblacks in a crossover playoff game the Riders were bested by the Toronto Argonauts who went on to win the 105th Grey Cup. Following the season the Riders extended Jones' contract through the 2019 CFL season. Jones and the Riders continued to improve in the 2018 season, accumulating 12 wins, but in the playoffs they were defeated by the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. On January 8, 2019, Jones and the Riders agreed to a new two-year contract extension.

### Cleveland Browns

On January 15, 2019, one week after signing a contract extension with the Roughriders, Jones resigned from the Roughriders to take a two-year contract with the Cleveland Browns as their Senior Defensive Specialist. After one season, Jones was removed from the coaching staff with the hire of new head coach Kevin Stefanski and placed in an office position for the 2020 season.

### South Pittsburg High School

In April 2021, Jones was named the head coach of his high school Alma Mater, the South Pittsburg Pirates in Marion County, Tennessee. He notably ended the school's nearly century-old rivalry game with neighboring Marion County High School for the 2021 and 2022 seasons, in part due to suspicions that a Marion County fan turned South Pittsburg in for recruiting violations during the 2020 season, resulting in South Pittsburg being placed on probation. Jones resigned from the position on September 13 after coaching only one game, a win against Sequatchie County High School, in order to return to a defensive position with the Toronto Argonauts.

### Toronto Argonauts

On September 21, 2021, the Toronto Argonauts announced they had hired Chris Jones as a defensive consultant.

### Edmonton Elks

Two months after being hired by Toronto, on December 21, 2021, it was announced that Jones had returned to Edmonton to become the head coach and general manager of the renamed Edmonton Elks. After a disappointing 2022 season in which the team won only four games and lost 14 the Elks lost their first six games of the 2023 season. With Jones on the hot-seat Elks president Victor Cui reaffirmed his belief in Jones, and commented that any change to head coaching/general manager would impact the team's ops cap in future years. The team lost three more games, beating the previous record for most consecutive winless games at the start of a season of seven. The team began the season with nine straight losses and tied the team's all-time record for losing streaks with 13 consecutive losses. The team finished 4–14 for the second year in a row.

With the team losing its first five games of the 2024 season, Jones was fired on July 15, 2024.

### Hamilton Tiger-Cats

On August 19, 2024, it was announced that Jones had been hired as the senior defensive consultant and would assume defensive play-calling duties for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, replacing the dismissed Mark Washington who had been the team's defensive coordinator.

## Personal life

Jones has a son from his first marriage and two daughters with his second wife.

## CFL head coaching record

| Team | Year | Regular season | | | | | Postseason | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Won | Lost | Ties | Win % | Finish | Won | Lost | Result |
|
| EDM | 2014 | 12 | 6 | 0 | .666 | **2nd in West Division** | 1 | 1 | Lost in West Final |
|
| EDM | 2015 | 14 | 4 | 0 | .778 | **1st in West Division** | 2 | 0 | **Won 103rd Grey Cup** |
|
| SSK | 2016 | 5 | 13 | 0 | .278 | 5th in West Division |  |  | Failed to qualify |
|
| SSK | 2017 | 10 | 8 | 0 | .556 | **4th in West Division** | 1 | 1 | Lost in East Final |
|
| SSK | 2018 | 12 | 6 | 0 | .667 | **2nd in West Division** | 0 | 1 | Lost in West Semi–Final |
|
| EDM | 2022 | 4 | 14 | 0 | .222 | 5th in West Division |  |  | Failed to qualify |
|
| EDM | 2023 | 4 | 14 | 0 | .222 | 5th in West Division |  |  | Failed to qualify |
|
| EDM | 2024 | 0 | 5 | 0 | .000 | 5th in West Division |  |  | Fired |
| **Total** | | **61** | **70** | **0** | **.466** | **1 Division
Championship** | **4** | **3** | **1 Grey Cup** |

## InfoBox

Chris Jones
| Jones with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in 2024 | |
| --- | --- |
| Hamilton Tiger-Cats | |
| Position: | Senior defensive consultant |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1967-09-25) September 25, 1967
South Pittsburg, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Height: | 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) |
| Career information | |
| College: | Chattanooga |
| Career history | |
| As a coach: | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Chappell, Kentucky

abstract: Chappell is an unincorporated community in Leslie County, Kentucky, United States.

text:
# Chappell, Kentucky

**Chappell** is an unincorporated community in Leslie County, Kentucky, United States.

## InfoBox

| Chappell, Kentucky | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| ChappellLocation in KentuckyChappellLocation in the United States | |
| Coordinates: 37°00′39″N 83°21′00″W / 37.01083°N 83.35000°W / 37.01083; -83.35000 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kentucky |
| County | Leslie |
| Elevation | 1,033 ft (315 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EST) |
| ZIP codes | 40816 |
| GNIS feature ID | 511316 |


abstract: The Women's single sculls competition at the 1996 Summer Olympics took place at Lake Lanier, Atlanta, United States of America. The event was held from 21 to 27 July 1996.

text:
# Rowing at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Women's single sculls

The **Women's single sculls** competition at the 1996 Summer Olympics took place at Lake Lanier, Atlanta, United States of America. The event was held from 21 to 27 July 1996.

## Heats

The winner in each heat advanced directly to the semi-finals. The remaining rowers must compete in the repechage for the remaining spots in semi-finals.

### Heat 1

| Rank | Athlete Name | Country | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Maria Brandin | Sweden (SWE) | 8:00.70 | **SF** |
| 2 | Rumyana Neykova | Bulgaria (BUL) | 8:12.85 | **R** |
| 3 | Tonia Svaier | Greece (GRE) | 8:17.49 | **R** |
| 4 | Birutė Šakickienė | Lithuania (LTU) | 8:21.78 | **R** |
| 5 | Meike Evers | Germany (GER) | 8:24.14 | **R** |
| 6 | Ana Urbano | Argentina (ARG) | 8:42.59 | **R** |

### Heat 2

| Rank | Athlete Name | Country | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Ekaterina Khodotovich | Belarus (BLR) | 8:03.73 | **SF** |
| 2 | Annelies Bredael | Belgium (BEL) | 8:08.40 | **R** |
| 3 | Ruth Davidon | United States (USA) | 8:09.78 | **R** |
| 4 | Céline Garcia | France (FRA) | 8:10.22 | **R** |
| 5 | Elisabeta Lipă | Romania (ROM) | 8:22.92 | **R** |
| 6 | Samia Hireche | Algeria (ALG) | 9:08.31 | **R** |

### Heat 3

| Rank | Athlete Name | Country | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Trine Hansen | Denmark (DEN) | 8:02.06 | **SF** |
| 2 | Silken Laumann | Canada (CAN) | 8:10.57 | **R** |
| 3 | Liu Xiaochun | China (CHN) | 8:12.82 | **R** |
| 4 | Guin Batten | Great Britain (GBR) | 8:54.05 | **R** |
| 5 | Laila Finska-Bezerra | Finland (FIN) | 8:31.56 | **R** |

## Repechage

First three rowers in each race advanced to Semifinal 1 or 2, the rest went to Final C.

### Repechage 1

| Rank | Athlete Name | Country | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Ruth Davidon | United States (USA) | 8:33.73 | **S** |
| 2 | Rumyana Neykova | Bulgaria (BUL) | 8:41.37 | **S** |
| 3 | Guin Batten | Great Britain (GBR) | 8:44.73 | **S** |
| 4 | Meike Evers | Germany (GER) | 8:54.05 | **FC** |
| 5 | Samia Hireche | Algeria (ALG) | 9:28.41 | **FC** |

### Repechage 2

| Rank | Athlete Name | Country | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Elisabeta Lipă | Romania (ROM) | 8:30.97 | **S** |
| 2 | Annelies Bredael | Belgium (BEL) | 8:33.72 | **S** |
| 3 | Liu Xiaochun | China (CHN) | 8:37.01 | **S** |
| 4 | Birutė Šakickienė | Lithuania (LTU) | 8:41.08 | **FC** |

### Repechage 3

| Rank | Athlete Name | Country | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Silken Laumann | Canada (CAN) | 8:28.88 | **S** |
| 2 | Céline Garcia | France (FRA) | 8:32.58 | **S** |
| 3 | Laila Finska-Bezerra | Finland (FIN) | 8:35.72 | **S** |
| 4 | Tonia Svaier | Greece (GRE) | 8:49.44 | **FC** |
| 5 | Ana Urbano | Argentina (ARG) | 9:04.66 | **FC** |

## Semifinal

First three rowers from each semifinal advanced to Final A, while the others advanced to Final B.

### Semifinal 1

| Rank | Athlete Name | Country | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Silken Laumann | Canada (CAN) | 7:57.68 | **FA** |
| 2 | Ekaterina Khodotovich | Belarus (BLR) | 8:00.02 | **FA** |
| 3 | Maria Brandin | Sweden (SWE) | 8:01.55 | **FA** |
| 4 | Annelies Bredael | Belgium (BEL) | 8:05.78 | **FB** |
| 5 | Rumyana Neykova | Bulgaria (BUL) | 8:15.63 | **FB** |
| 6 | Laila Finska-Bezerra | Finland (FIN) | 8:25.00 | **FB** |

### Semifinal 2

| Rank | Athlete Name | Country | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Trine Hansen | Denmark (DEN) | 7:53.45 | **FA** |
| 2 | Ruth Davidon | United States (USA) | 7:54.97 | **FA** |
| 3 | Guin Batten | Great Britain (GBR) | 7:56.61 | **FA** |
| 4 | Elisabeta Lipă | Romania (ROM) | 8:01.84 | **FB** |
| 5 | Céline Garcia | France (FRA) | 8:13.37 | **FB** |
| 6 | Liu Xiaochun | China (CHN) | 8:15.83 | **FB** |

## Final

### Final C

| Rank | Athlete Name | Country | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13 | Meike Evers | Germany (GER) | 8:16.51 |  |
| 14 | Birutė Šakickienė | Lithuania (LTU) | 8:17.80 |  |
| 15 | Tonia Svaier | Greece (GRE) | 8:25.83 |  |
| 16 | Ana Urbano | Argentina (ARG) | 8:41.51 |  |
| 17 | Samia Hireche | Algeria (ALG) | 9:09.92 |  |

### Final B

| Rank | Athlete Name | Country | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7 | Annelies Bredael | Belgium (BEL) | 7:25.83 |  |
| 8 | Rumyana Neykova | Bulgaria (BUL) | 7:27.77 |  |
| 9 | Elisabeta Lipă | Romania (ROM) | 7:28.79 |  |
| 10 | Céline Garcia | France (FRA) | 7:33.30 |  |
| 11 | Liu Xiaochun | China (CHN) | 7:33.67 |  |
| 12 | Laila Finska-Bezerra | Finland (FIN) | 7:34.85 |  |

### Final A

| Rank | Athlete Name | Country | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Ekaterina Khodotovich | Belarus (BLR) | 7:32.31 |  |
|  | Silken Laumann | Canada (CAN) | 7:35.15 |  |
|  | Trine Hansen | Denmark (DEN) | 7:37.20 |  |
| 4 | Maria Brandin | Sweden (SWE) | 7:42.58 |  |
| 5 | Guin Batten | Great Britain (GBR) | 7:45.08 |  |
| 6 | Ruth Davidon | United States (USA) | 7:46.47 |  |

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Women's single sculls<br>at the Games of the XXVI Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Lake Lanier |
| Date | 21–27 July |
| Competitors | 17 from 17 nations |
| Medalists | |
| Ekaterina Khodotovich  Belarus  Silken Laumann  Canada  Trine Hansen  Denmark | |
|


title: Sky Surfer

abstract: Sky Surfer Ultimate Sky Surfer, known as simply Sky Surfer, is a video game developed by Toka and published by Idea Factory and Midas Interactive Entertainment for PlayStation 2 in 2000-2001.

text:
# Sky Surfer

***Ultimate Sky Surfer***, known as simply ***Sky Surfer*** (スカイサーファー, *Sukai Sāfā*), is a video game developed by Toka and published by Idea Factory and Midas Interactive Entertainment for PlayStation 2 in 2000-2001.

## Reception

The game received unfavorable reviews according to the review aggregation website GameRankings. Frank O'Connor of *NextGen* called the Japanese import "A game so dull and listless that it almost defines the concept of duff launch software." In Japan, *Famitsu* gave it a score of 22 out of 40.

## InfoBox

| Ultimate Sky Surfer | |
| --- | --- |
| Japanese box art | |
| Developer(s) | Toka |
| Publisher(s) |  |
| Platform(s) | PlayStation 2 |
| Release |  |
| Genre(s) | Sports |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Chrysotoxum derivatum

abstract: Chrysotoxum derivatum is a species of North American hoverfly.

text:
# Chrysotoxum derivatum

***Chrysotoxum derivatum*** is a species of North American hoverfly.

## Description

8.9–16.2mm in length.

## Distribution

Southern Alaska, Canada, United States & Mexico.

## InfoBox

| *Chrysotoxum derivatum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Syrphidae |
| Genus: | *Chrysotoxum* |
| Species: | ***C. derivatum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Chrysotoxum derivatum***<br>Walker, 1849 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Chrysotoxum integre* Williston, 1887 * *Chrysotoxum plumeum* Johnson, 1924 * *Chrysotoxum columbianum* Curran, 1927 * *Chrysotoxum minor* Curran, 1927 | |


title: Jurisdictionalism

abstract:
Jurisdictionalism is a political maneuver intended to extend the State's jurisdiction and control over the life and organization of the Church, namely the parallel legal structure consisting of ecclesiastical rights and privileges. Specifically, it can be defined as a current of thought and a political attitude aiming to affirm the authority of the laical jurisdiction over the ecclesiastical one. Fundamental tools of jurisdictionalism were the placet and the exequatur, by which the State allowed or denied the publishing and implementation of orders from the Pope or other national ecclesiastical authorities, and the nomina ai benefici, to control the appointment of ecclesiastical charges.
Besides these instruments of control, jurisdictionalism also implied the State's direct intervention on ecclesiastical matters such as the age and motives of people wishing to become monks, the usefulness of convents and contemplative religious orders, the number of religious festivities, the clergy's privileges and immunities, and the formation of priests.

text:
# Jurisdictionalism

**Jurisdictionalism** is a political maneuver intended to extend the State's jurisdiction and control over the life and organization of the Church, namely the parallel legal structure consisting of ecclesiastical rights and privileges.

Specifically, it can be defined as a current of thought and a political attitude aiming to affirm the authority of the laical jurisdiction over the ecclesiastical one. Fundamental tools of jurisdictionalism (also called *regalism*) were the *placet* and the *exequatur*, by which the State allowed or denied the publishing and implementation of orders from the Pope or other national ecclesiastical authorities, and the *nomina ai benefici* (“nomination to benefits”), to control the appointment of ecclesiastical charges.
Besides these instruments of control, jurisdictionalism also implied the State's direct intervention on ecclesiastical matters such as the age and motives of people wishing to become monks, the usefulness of convents and contemplative religious orders (which were largely abolished), the number of religious festivities, the clergy's privileges and immunities, and the formation of priests.

## History

This policy, developed around the 18th century, was followed by some of the so-called “enlightened monarchs”, such as Maria Theresa of Habsburg and Joseph II of Habsburg, and others, especially after the events in Northern Europe following the Protestant Reformation, of which they shared the motives but not the doctrine.

In particular, such a policy was aimed at opposing:

* the right of asylum, namely the acknowledgement of immunity to whoever took refuge in a convent or monastery;
* the power of ecclesiastical courts to pass judgement on crimes involving religious people;
* the clergy's fiscal privileges

Jurisdictionalism, partly predating Enlightenment and partly developing parallelly to it, questioned the Inquisition, the Church's traditional monopoly on education or book censorship, and drastically reduced the importance of canon law – theretofore the universal law of Catholic states – in the context of the State.

The State tried to put limits to the so-called *mortmain*, namely the possession of real estate by the Church and religious corporations; some religious orders were either reformed or abolished; attempts were made to reduce churchly interferences in temporal matters; subjects were allowed to appeal to the monarch in case of ecclesiastical sentences and judgements.

* Arturo Carlo Jemolo, «GIURISDIZIONALISMO» in *Enciclopedia Italiana*, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 1933. (in Italian)
* Raffaele Ajello, «GIURISDIZIONALISMO» in *Federiciana*, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2005. (in Italian)


title: Down with the Ship

abstract: Down with the Ship is the first extended play from xLooking Forwardx. Facedown Records released the EP on June 19, 2012.

text:
# Down with the Ship

***Down with the Ship*** is the first extended play from xLooking Forwardx. Facedown Records released the EP on June 19, 2012.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *HM Magazine* |  |
| Indie Vision Music |  |
| Jesus Freak Hideout | <br> |

Awarding the EP three stars from *HM Magazine*, David Stagg writes, "I think that's a good place for a old-school hardcore band testing the waters with a new EP." Michael Weaver, giving the album four and a half stars for Jesus Freak Hideout, states, "they are still legitimate after twelve years." Rating the album four stars at Jesus Freak Hideout, Scott Fryberger describes, "If you've been a fan of the band or you like hardcore punk in general, you'll love *Down With The Ship*". Steven Cosand, awarding the album four stars by Indie Vision Music, says, "Some might argue that *Down With The Ship* doesn’t do anything to challenge the current wave of trends in hardcore."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Intro" | 0:29 |
| 2. | "The Fast and the Spurious" | 1:19 |
| 3. | "Down with the Ship" | 1:57 |
| 4. | "Here I Am" | 2:04 |
| 5. | "Betting Back with Your 'X'" | 1:03 |
| 6. | "Put Up or Shut Up" | 2:01 |
| 7. | "Demanding Answers" | 2:08 |
| 8. | "Outro" | 0:34 |
| Total length: | | 11:27 |

## InfoBox

| Down with the Ship | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by xLooking Forwardx | |
| Released | June 19, 2012 (2012-06-19) |
| Genre | Christian hardcore, hardcore punk |
| Length | 11:27 |
| Label | Facedown |


title: Star catalogue

abstract: A star catalogue is an astronomical catalogue that lists stars. In astronomy, many stars are referred to simply by catalogue numbers. There are a great many different star catalogues which have been produced for different purposes over the years, and this article covers only some of the more frequently quoted ones. Star catalogues were compiled by many different ancient people, including the Babylonians, Greeks, Chinese, Persians, and Arabs. They were sometimes accompanied by a star chart for illustration. Most modern catalogues are available in electronic format and can be freely downloaded from space agencies' data centres. The largest is being compiled from the spacecraft Gaia and thus far has over a billion stars. Completeness and accuracy are described by the faintest limiting magnitude V and the accuracy of the positions.

text:
# Star catalogue

A **star catalogue** is an astronomical catalogue that lists stars. In astronomy, many stars are referred to simply by catalogue numbers. There are a great many different star catalogues which have been produced for different purposes over the years, and this article covers only some of the more frequently quoted ones. Star catalogues were compiled by many different ancient people, including the Babylonians, Greeks, Chinese, Persians, and Arabs. They were sometimes accompanied by a star chart for illustration. Most modern catalogues are available in electronic format and can be freely downloaded from space agencies' data centres. The largest is being compiled from the spacecraft *Gaia* and thus far has over a billion stars.

Completeness and accuracy are described by the faintest limiting magnitude V (largest number) and the accuracy of the positions.

## Historical catalogues

### Ancient Near East

From their existing records, it is known that the ancient Egyptians recorded the names of only a few identifiable constellations and a list of thirty-six decans that were used as a star clock. The Egyptians called the circumpolar star "the star that cannot perish" and, although they made no known formal star catalogues, they nonetheless created extensive star charts of the night sky which adorn the coffins and ceilings of tomb chambers.

Although the ancient Sumerians were the first to record the names of constellations on clay tablets, the earliest known star catalogues were compiled by the ancient Babylonians of Mesopotamia in the late 2nd millennium BC, during the Kassite Period (c.1531 – c.1155 BC). They are better known by their Assyrian-era name 'Three Stars Each'. These star catalogues, written on clay tablets, listed thirty-six stars: twelve for "Anu" along the celestial equator, twelve for "Ea" south of that, and twelve for "Enlil" to the north. The Mul.Apin lists, dated to sometime before the Neo-Babylonian Empire (626–539 BC), are direct textual descendants of the "Three Stars Each" lists and their constellation patterns show similarities to those of later Greek civilization.

### Hellenistic world and Roman Empire

In Ancient Greece, the astronomer and mathematician Eudoxus laid down a full set of the classical constellations around 370 BC. His catalogue *Phaenomena*, rewritten by Aratus of Soli between 275 and 250 BC as a didactic poem, became one of the most consulted astronomical texts in antiquity and beyond. It contained descriptions of the positions of the stars and the shapes of the constellations, and provided information on their relative times of rising and setting.

Approximately in the 3rd century BC, the Greek astronomers Timocharis of Alexandria and Aristillus created another star catalogue. Hipparchus (c.190 – c.120 BC) completed his star catalogue in 129 BC, the earliest known attempt to map the entire sky, which he compared to Timocharis' and discovered that the longitude of the stars had changed over time. This led him to determine the first value of the precession of the equinoxes. In the 2nd century, Ptolemy (c.90 – c.186 AD) of Roman Egypt published a star catalogue as part of his *Almagest*, which listed 1,022 stars visible from Alexandria. Ptolemy's catalogue was based almost entirely on an earlier one by Hipparchus. It remained the standard star catalogue in the Western and Arab worlds for over eight centuries. The Islamic astronomer al-Sufi updated it in 964, and the star positions were redetermined by Ulugh Beg in 1437, but it was not fully superseded until the appearance of the thousand-star catalogue of Tycho Brahe in 1598.

The ancient Vedic and other scriptures of India were very well aware of the astronomical positions and constellations. Both *Mahabharata* and *Ramayana* provide references to various events in terms of the planetary positions and constellations of that time. The Planetary positions at the time of Mahabharata war has been given comprehensively. A very interesting and exhaustive discussion about the planetary positions along with specific name of constellations appears in a paper by R N Iyengar in the *Indian Journal of History of Science*.

### Ancient China

The earliest known inscriptions for Chinese star names were written on oracle bones and date to the Shang dynasty (c.1600 – c.1050 BC). Sources dating from the Zhou dynasty (c.1050 – 256 BC) which provide star names include the *Zuo Zhuan*, the *Shi Jing*, and the "Canon of Yao" (堯典) in the *Book of Documents*. The *Lüshi Chunqiu* written by the Qin statesman Lü Buwei (d.235 BC) provides most of the names for the twenty-eight mansions (i.e. asterisms across the ecliptic belt of the celestial sphere used for constructing the calendar). An earlier lacquerware chest found in the Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng (interred in 433 BC) contains a complete list of the names of the twenty-eight mansions. Star catalogues are traditionally attributed to Shi Shen and Gan De, two rather obscure Chinese astronomers who may have been active in the 4th century BC of the Warring States period (403–221 BC). The *Shi Shen astronomy* (石申天文, Shi Shen tienwen) is attributed to Shi Shen, and the *Astronomic star observation* (天文星占, Tianwen xingzhan) to Gan De.

It was not until the Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) that astronomers started to observe and record names for all the stars that were apparent (to the naked eye) in the night sky, not just those around the ecliptic. A star catalogue is featured in one of the chapters of the late 2nd-century-BC history work *Records of the Grand Historian* by Sima Qian (145–86 BC) and contains the "schools" of Shi Shen and Gan De's work (i.e. the different constellations they allegedly focused on for astrological purposes). Sima's catalogue—the *Book of Celestial Offices* (天官書 Tianguan shu)—includes some 90 constellations, the stars therein named after temples, ideas in philosophy, locations such as markets and shops, and different people such as farmers and soldiers. For his *Spiritual Constitution of the Universe* (靈憲, Ling Xian) of 120 AD, the astronomer Zhang Heng (78–139 AD) compiled a star catalogue comprising 124 constellations. Chinese constellation names were later adopted by the Koreans and Japanese.

### Islamic world

A large number of star catalogues were published by Muslim astronomers in the medieval Islamic world. These were mainly *Zij* treatises, including Arzachel's *Tables of Toledo* (1087), the Maragheh observatory's *Zij-i Ilkhani* (1272), and Ulugh Beg's *Zij-i Sultani* (1437). Other famous Arabic star catalogues include Alfraganus' *A compendium of the science of stars* (850) which corrected Ptolemy's *Almagest*; and al-Sufi's *Book of Fixed Stars* (964) which described observations of the stars, their positions, magnitudes, brightness, and colour, drawings for each constellation, and the first known description of the Andromeda Galaxy. Many stars are still known by their Arabic names (see List of Arabic star names).

### Pre-Columbian Americas

The *Motul Dictionary*, compiled in the 16th century by an anonymous author (although attributed to Fray Antonio de Ciudad Real), contains a list of stars originally observed by the ancient Mayas. The Maya Paris Codex also contains symbols for different constellations which were represented by mythological beings.

### Bayer and Flamsteed catalogues

Two systems introduced in historical catalogues remain in use to the present day. The first system comes from the German astronomer Johann Bayer's *Uranometria*, published in 1603 and regarding bright stars. These are given a Greek letter followed by the genitive case of the constellation in which they are located; examples are Alpha Centauri or Gamma Cygni. The major problem with Bayer's naming system was the number of letters in the Greek alphabet (24). It was easy to run out of letters before running out of stars needing names, particularly for large constellations such as Argo Navis. Bayer extended his lists up to 67 stars by using lower-case Roman letters ("a" through "z") then upper-case ones ("A" through "Q"). Few of those designations have survived. It is worth mentioning, however, as it served as the starting point for variable star designations, which start with "R" through "Z", then "RR", "RS", "RT"..."RZ", "SS", "ST"..."ZZ" and beyond.

The second system comes from the English astronomer John Flamsteed's *Historia coelestis Britannica* (1725). It kept the genitive-of-the-constellation rule for the back end of his catalogue names, but used numbers instead of the Greek alphabet for the front half. Examples include 61 Cygni and 47 Ursae Majoris.

## Full-sky catalogues (in chronological order)

Bayer and Flamsteed covered only a few thousand stars between them. In theory, full-sky catalogues try to list every star in the sky. There are, however, billions of stars resolvable by 21st century telescopes, so this is an impossible goal; with this kind of catalog, an attempt is generally made to get every star brighter than a given magnitude.

### LAL

Jérôme Lalande published the *Histoire céleste française* in 1801, which contained an extensive star catalog, among other things. The observations made were made from the Paris Observatory and so it describes mostly northern stars. This catalogue contained the positions and magnitudes of 47,390 stars, out to magnitude 9, and was the most complete catalogue up to that time. A significant reworking of this catalogue by followers of Lalande in 1846 added reference numbers to the stars that are used to refer to some of these stars to this day. The decent accuracy of this catalogue kept it in common use as a reference by observatories around the world throughout the 19th century.

### BD/CD/CPD

The *Bonner Durchmusterung* (*German*: Bonn sampling) and follow-ups were the most complete of the pre-photographic star catalogues.

The *Bonner Durchmusterung* itself was published by Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander, Adalbert Krüger, and Eduard Schönfeld between 1852 and 1859. It covered 320,000 stars in epoch 1855.0.

As it covered only the northern sky and some of the south (being compiled from the Bonn observatory), this was then supplemented by the *Südliche Durchmusterung*  (SD), which covers stars between declinations −1 and −23 degrees (1886, 120,000 stars). It was further supplemented by the *Cordoba Durchmusterung* (580,000 stars), which began to be compiled at Córdoba, Argentina in 1892 under the initiative of John M. Thome and covers declinations −22 to −90. Lastly, the *Cape Photographic Durchmusterung* (450,000 stars, 1896), compiled at the Cape, South Africa, covers declinations −18 to −90.

Astronomers preferentially use the HD designation (see next entry) of a star, as that catalogue also gives spectroscopic information, but as the Durchmusterungs cover more stars they occasionally fall back on the older designations when dealing with one not found in Draper. Unfortunately, a lot of catalogues cross-reference the Durchmusterungs without specifying which one is used in the zones of overlap, so some confusion often remains.

Star names from these catalogues include the initials of which of the four catalogues they are from (though the *Southern* follows the example of the *Bonner* and uses BD; CPD is often shortened to CP), followed by the angle of declination of the star (rounded towards zero, and thus ranging from +00 to +89 and −00 to −89), followed by an arbitrary number as there are always thousands of stars at each angle. Examples include BD+50°1725 or CD−45°13677.

### HD/HDE

The Henry Draper Catalogue was published in the period 1918–1924. It covers the whole sky down to about ninth or tenth magnitude, and is notable as the first large-scale attempt to catalogue spectral types of stars. The catalogue was compiled by Annie Jump Cannon and her co-workers at Harvard College Observatory under the supervision of Edward Charles Pickering, and was named in honour of Henry Draper, whose widow donated the money required to finance it.

HD numbers are widely used today for stars which have no Bayer or Flamsteed designation. Stars numbered 1–225300 are from the original catalogue and are numbered in order of right ascension for the 1900.0 epoch. Stars in the range 225301–359083 are from the 1949 extension of the catalogue. The notation HDE can be used for stars in this extension, but they are usually denoted HD as the numbering ensures that there can be no ambiguity.

### AC

The *Catalogue astrographique* (Astrographic Catalogue) was part of the international *Carte du Ciel* programme designed to photograph and measure the positions of all stars brighter than magnitude 11.0. In total, over 4.6 million stars were observed, many as faint as 13th magnitude. This project was started in the late 19th century. The observations were made between 1891 and 1950. To observe the entire celestial sphere without burdening too many institutions, the sky was divided among 20 observatories, by declination zones. Each observatory exposed and measured the plates of its zone, using a standardized telescope (a "normal astrograph") so each plate photographed had a similar scale of approximately 60 arcsecs/mm. The U.S. Naval Observatory took over custody of the catalogue, now in its 2000.2 edition.

### BS, BSC, HR

First published in 1930 as the *Yale Catalog of Bright Stars*, this catalogue contained information on all stars brighter than visual magnitude 6.5 in the *Harvard Revised Photometry Catalogue*. The list was revised in 1983 with the publication of a supplement that listed additional stars down to magnitude 7.1. The catalogue detailed each star's coordinates, proper motions, photometric data, spectral types, and other useful information.

The last printed version of the Bright Star Catalogue was the 4th revised edition, released in 1982. The 5th edition is in electronic form and is available online.

### SAO

The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory catalogue was compiled in 1966 from various previous astrometric catalogues, and contains only the stars to about ninth magnitude for which accurate proper motions were known. There is considerable overlap with the Henry Draper catalogue, but any star lacking motion data at that time is omitted. The epoch for the position measurements in the latest edition is J2000.0. The SAO catalogue contains this major piece of information not in Draper, the proper motion of the stars, so it is often used when that fact is of importance. The cross-references with the Draper and Durchmusterung catalogue numbers in the latest edition are also useful.

Names in the SAO catalogue start with the letters SAO, followed by a number. The numbers are assigned following 18 ten-degree bands in the sky, with stars sorted by right ascension within each band.

### USNO-B1.0

USNO-B1.0 is an all-sky catalogue created by research and operations astrophysicists at the U.S. Naval Observatory (as developed at the United States Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station), that presents positions, proper motions, magnitudes in various optical passbands, and star/galaxy estimators for 1,042,618,261 objects derived from 3,643,201,733 separate observations. The data was obtained from scans of 7,435 Schmidt plates taken for the various sky surveys during the last 50 years. USNO-B1.0 is believed to provide all-sky coverage, completeness down to V = 21, 0.2 arcsecond astrometric accuracy at J2000.0, 0.3 magnitude photometric accuracy in up to five colors, and 85% accuracy for distinguishing stars from non-stellar objects. USNO-B is now followed by **NOMAD**; both can be found on the Naval Observatory server. The entire 50GB compressed catalog can be downloaded via BitTorrent using instructions from Skychart. The Naval Observatory is currently working on B2 and C variants of the USNO catalogue series.

### GSC

The *Guide Star Catalog* is an online catalogue of stars produced for the purpose of accurately positioning and identifying stars satisfactory for use as guide stars by the Hubble Space Telescope program. The first version of the catalogue was produced in the late 1980s by digitizing photographic plates and contained about 20 million stars, out to about magnitude 15. The latest version of this catalogue contains information for 945,592,683 stars, out to magnitude 21. The latest version continues to be used to accurately position the Hubble Space Telescope.

### PPM

The PPM Star Catalogue (1991) is one of the best, both in the proper motion and star position till 1999. Not as precise as the Hipparcos catalogue but with many more stars. The PPM was built from BD, SAO, HD, and more, with sophisticated algorithm and is an extension for the Fifth Fundamental Catalogue, "Catalogues of Fundamental Stars".

### HIP

The Hipparcos catalogue was compiled from the data gathered by the European Space Agency's astrometric satellite *Hipparcos*, which was operational from 1989 to 1993. The catalogue was published in June 1997 and contains 118,218 stars; an updated version with re-processed data was published in 2007. It is particularly notable for its parallax measurements, which are considerably more accurate than those produced by ground-based observations.

### Gaia catalogues

The Gaia catalogues are based on observations made by the *Gaia* space telescope. They are released in stages that contain increasing amounts of information; the early releases also miss some stars, especially fainter stars located in dense star fields. Data from every data release can be accessed at the *Gaia* archive.

Gaia DR1, the first data release based on 14 months of observations made through September 2015, took place on 13 September 2016. The data release includes positions and magnitudes in a single photometric band for 1.1 billion stars using only *Gaia* data, positions, parallaxes, and proper motions for more than 2 million stars based on a combination of *Gaia* and Tycho-2 data for those objects in both catalogues, light curves, and characteristics for about 3000 variable stars, and positions and magnitudes for more than 2000 extragalactic sources used to define the celestial reference frame. The second data release (DR2), which occurred on 25 April 2018, is based on 22 months of observations made between 25 July 2014 and 23 May 2016. It includes positions, parallaxes, and proper motions for about 1.3 billion stars and positions of an additional 300 million stars, red and blue photometric data for about 1.1 billion stars and single colour photometry for an additional 400 million stars, and median radial velocities for about 7 million stars between magnitude 4 and 13. It also contains data for over 14,000 selected Solar System objects. The first part of the third data release, EDR3 (Early Data Release 3) was released on 3 December 2020. It is based on 34 months of observations and consists of improved positions, parallaxes, and proper motions of over 1.8 billion objects The full DR3, published in June 2022, includes the EDR3 data plus Solar System data; variability information; results for non-single stars, for quasars, and for extended objects; astrophysical parameters; and a special data set, the Gaia Andromeda Photometric Survey (GAPS). The final Gaia catalogue is expected to be released three years after the end of the Gaia mission.

## Specialized catalogues

Specialized catalogues make no effort to list all the stars in the sky, working instead to highlight a particular type of star, such as variables or nearby stars.

### ADS

Aitken's double star catalogue (1932) lists 17,180 double stars north of declination −30 degrees.

### Carbon stars

Stephenson's General Catalogue of galactic Carbon stars is a catalogue of 7000+ carbon stars.

### Gl, GJ, Wo

The Gliese (later Gliese-Jahreiß) catalogue attempts to list all star systems within 20 parsecs (65 ly) of Earth ordered by right ascension (see the List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs). Later editions expanded the coverage to 25 parsecs (82 ly). Numbers in the range 1.0–915.0 (**Gl** numbers) are from the second edition, which was

*Catalogue of Nearby Stars* (1969, W. Gliese).

The integers up to 915 represent systems which were in the first edition. Numbers with a decimal point were used to insert new star systems for the second edition without destroying the desired order (by right ascension). This catalogue is referred to as CNS2, although this name is never used in catalogue numbers.

Numbers in the range 9001–9850 (**Wo** numbers) are from the supplement

*Extension of the Gliese catalogue* (1970, R. Woolley, E. A. Epps, M. J. Penston and S. B. Pocock).

Numbers in the ranges 1000–1294 and 2001–2159 (**GJ** numbers) are from the supplement

*Nearby Star Data Published 1969–1978* (1979, W. Gliese and H. Jahreiß).

The range 1000–1294 represents nearby stars, while 2001–2159 represents suspected nearby stars. In the literature, the GJ numbers are sometimes retroactively extended to the Gl numbers (since there is no overlap). For example, Gliese 436 can be interchangeably referred to as either Gl 436 or GJ 436.

Numbers in the range 3001–4388 are from

*Preliminary Version of the Third Catalogue of Nearby Stars* (1991, W. Gliese and H. Jahreiß).

Although this version of the catalogue was termed "preliminary", it is still the current one as of March 2006, and is referred to as CNS3. It lists a total of 3,803 stars. Most of these stars already had GJ numbers, but there were also 1,388 which were not numbered. The need to give these 1,388 *some* name has resulted in them being numbered 3001–4388 (**NN** numbers, for "no name"), and data files of this catalogue now usually include these numbers. An example of a star which is often referred to by one of these unofficial GJ numbers is GJ 3021.

### GCTP

The General Catalogue of Trigonometric Parallaxes, first published in 1952 and later superseded by the New GCTP (now in its fourth edition), covers nearly 9,000 stars. Unlike the Gliese, it does not cut off at a given distance from the Sun; rather it attempts to catalogue all known measured parallaxes. It gives the co-ordinates in 1900 epoch, the secular variation, the proper motion, the weighted average absolute parallax and its standard error, the number of parallax observations, quality of interagreement of the different values, the visual magnitude, and various cross-identifications with other catalogues. Auxiliary information, including UBV photometry, MK spectral types, data on the variability and binary nature of the stars, orbits when available, and miscellaneous information to aid in determining the reliability of the data are also listed.

1952 edition and 1962 supplement. Louise F. Jenkins, Yale University Observatory. William F. van Altena, John Truen-liang Lee and Ellen Dorrit Hoffleit, Yale University Observatory, 1995.

### Proper motion catalogues

A common way of detecting nearby stars is to look for relatively high proper motions. Several catalogues exist, of which we'll mention a few. The Ross and Wolf catalogues pioneered the domain:

Ross, Frank Elmore, *New Proper Motion Stars*, eight successive lists, *The Astronomical Journal*, Vol. 36 to 48, 1925–1939 Wolf, Max, "Katalog von 1053 stärker bewegten Fixsternen", Veröff. d. Badischen Sternwarte zu Heidelberg (Königstuhl), Bd. 7, No. 10, 1919; and numerous lists in *Astronomische Nachrichten*, 209 to 236, 1919–1929

Willem Jacob Luyten later produced a series of catalogues:

L – Luyten, Proper motion stars and White dwarfs

Luyten, W. J., *Proper Motion Survey with the forty-eight inch Schmidt Telescope*, University of Minnesota, 1941 (*General Catalogue of the Bruce Proper-Motion Survey*)

LFT – Luyten Five-Tenths catalogue

Luyten, W. J., *A Catalog of 1849 Stars with Proper Motion exceeding 0.5" annually*, Lund Press, Minneapolis (Mn), 1955 (A catalogue of 1849 stars with proper motions exceeding 0.5" annually.)

LHS – Luyten Half-Second catalogue

Luyten, W. J., *Catalogue of stars with proper motions exceeding 0"5 annually*, University of Minnesota, 1979 (LHS catalogue. A catalogue of stars with proper motions exceeding 0"5 annually)

LTT – Luyten Two-Tenths catalogue

Luyten, W. J. *Luyten's Two Tenths. A catalogue of 9867 stars in the Southern Hemisphere with proper motions exceeding 0".2 annually*, Minneapolis, 1957; *A catalogue of 7127 stars in the Northern Hemisphere with proper motions exceeding 0".2 annually\`\`, Minneapolis, 1961; also supplements 1961–1962. ()*

NLTT – New Luyten Two-Tenths catalogue

Luyten, W. J., *New Luyten Catalogue of stars with proper motions larger than two tenths of an arcsecond (NLTT)*, Univ. of Minnesota, 1979, supplement 1980 (NLTT Catalogue. Volume\_III. 0\__to -30\_.VizieR ???????)

LPM – Luyten Proper-Motion catalogue

Luyten, W. J., *Proper Motion Survey with the 48 inch Schmidt Telescope*, University of Minnesota, 1963–1981 LP numbers: L in zones −45 to −89 deg.; LP in zones +89 to −44 deg.

Around the same time period, Henry Lee Giclas worked on a similar series of catalogues:

Giclas, H. L., et al., *Lowell Proper Motion Survey*, *Lowell Observatory Bulletin*, 1971–1979 (Lowell proper motion survey Northern Hemisphere. The G numbered stars. 8991 stars fainter than magnitude 8 with motions \> 0".26/year)

### Struve Double Star Catalog

Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve discovered a very large number of double stars and in 1827 published his double star catalogue *Catalogus novus stellarum duplicium*. For example, binary star 61 Cygni is designated "Struve 2758" or "STF 2758". Stars of his catalogue are sometimes indicated by the Greek letter sigma, Σ. Thus, 61 Cygni is also designated as Σ2758.

### uvby98

The *ubvyβ Photoelectric Photometric Catalogue* is a compilation of previously published photometric data. Published in 1998, the catalogue includes 63,316 stars surveyed through 1996.

### ZC catalogue

The Robertson's *Zodiacal Catalogue*, collected by the astronomer James Robertson, is a catalogue of 3539 zodiacal stars brighter than 9th magnitude. It is mainly used for Star Occultations by the Moon.

### Successors to USNO-A, etc

Stars evolve and move over time, making catalogues evolving, impermanent databases at even the most rigorous levels of production. The USNO catalogues are the most current and widely used astrometric catalogues available at present, and include USNO products such as USNO-B (the successor to USNO-A), NOMAD, UCAC and others in production or narrowly released. Some users may see specialized catalogues (more recent versions of the above), tailored catalogues, interferometrically-produced catalogues, dynamic catalogues, and those with updated positions, motions, colors, and improved errors. Catalogue data is continually collected at the Naval Observatory dark-sky facility, NOFS; and the latest refined, updated catalogues are reduced and produced by NOFS and the USNO. See the USNO Catalog and Image Servers for more information and access.

### Bibliography

* Kepple, G.R.; Sanner, G.W. (1998). *The Night Sky Observers' Guide*. Vol. 1. Willmann-Bell. ISBN 0-943396-58-1.

## Further reading


title: Tom Moody

abstract: Thomas Masson Moody is a former Australian international cricketer and current Director of Cricket of Sri Lanka Cricket. He ended his long tenure with the Indian Premier League team Sunrisers Hyderabad in August 2022 and was earlier appointed Director of Cricket at Desert Vipers, one of the six franchises in the ILT20, which was scheduled to begin in the UAE in January 2023. Moody was a part of the Australian team that won their first world title during the 1987 Cricket World Cup, and their second in the 1999 Cricket World Cup. He was the coach of the Sri Lankan team which finished as runners-up at the 2007 Cricket World Cup.

text:
# Tom Moody

**Thomas Masson Moody** (born 2 October 1965) is a former Australian international cricketer and current Director of Cricket of Sri Lanka Cricket. He ended his long tenure with the Indian Premier League team Sunrisers Hyderabad in August 2022 and was earlier appointed Director of Cricket at Desert Vipers, one of the six franchises in the ILT20, which was scheduled to begin in the UAE in January 2023. Moody was a part of the Australian team that won their first world title during the 1987 Cricket World Cup, and their second in the 1999 Cricket World Cup. He was the coach of the Sri Lankan team which finished as runners-up at the 2007 Cricket World Cup.

## Early life

Schooled at Guildford Grammar School in Perth, where his father was headmaster, he exhibited talent for athletics (particularly the high jump) and Australian rules football but excelled at cricket. He was selected to train with the 1st XI side (usually made up of year twelve students) at just thirteen, and play with them the following year.

## Playing career

"Long" Tom Moody, so nicknamed for his 1.98-metre height, began his first-class career in the 1985/86 season with Western Australia in the Sheffield Shield and also played in England with Warwickshire and Worcestershire. Captaining WA and Worcester to various trophies, Moody, an aggressive and fast scoring batsman, scored over 20,000 first-class runs and hit 64 centuries; he was also a useful medium pace bowler. On 27 July 1990, in a county match against Glamorgan County Cricket Club he scored a 36 ball century. His 1,387 List A runs for Worcestershire in 1991 is a record for the county. He captained the Worcestershire side from 1995 to 1999 and was a key member of the side which won the 1991 Benson & Hedges Cup and the 1994 NatWest Trophy.

He made his ODI debut on 9 October 1987 against India during the 1987 World Cup in Chennai. He made his test debut against New Zealand on 24 November 1989 and scored 61 on his debut.

He played eight Test matches for Australia between 1989 and 1992, although he had more success with Australia's one-day team, appearing in three World Cups and two finals – 1987 and 1999 – alongside Steve Waugh. He also became the first of two Australians alongside Steve Waugh to win two World Cup tournaments. He was even more successful when he threw a haggis the distance of 230 feet in 1989. He registered a 28 ball fifty against Bangladesh at the 1999 World Cup which was regarded as the then World Cup record for the fastest fifty.

In 1994, he along with Tim Curtis set the record for the highest ever partnership for the 3rd wicket in List A cricket history (309\*) He retired from all forms of cricket in 2000-01 due to sustaining a back injury in his later career and was replaced by Simon Katich as the captain of Western Australia.

## Coaching career

Since retirement in 2001, Moody has coached, been an Australian cricketer's representative and for several years held the post of director of cricket with Worcestershire since 2001. He also served as the President of Australian Cricketers' Association for a brief stint. In 2005, he was in contention of coaching Indian team but the role was accepted by Greg Chappell. In May 2005, he was appointed coach of the Sri Lankan national team and he led them to the final of the 2007 Cricket World Cup before leaving the post. Moody was also in the frame again to become the head coach of Indian team replacing Greg Chappell for the 2007 World Cup but the speculations were later rubbished. He was also in contention to become the head coach of Australian cricket team replacing John Buchanan in 2007 but he pulled out of the race as he was not initially ready to return to Australia.

On 14 May 2007, the WACA announced Moody's appointment as manager and head coach of the Western Australia cricket team for the next three years until 2010. He coached Kings XI Punjab for the first three seasons of Indian Premier League in 2008, 2009 and 2010. Trevor Penney, England's fielding coach during the 2005 Ashes series and assistant to Moody in Sri Lanka joined as assistant coach. However Moody announced in March 2010 that he would not seek a new contract after the 2009–2010 season. Under Moody, Western Australia qualified for one final in three seasons, in the KFC Twenty20 Big Bash, in his first season which it lost to Victoria.

He then began cricket commentary around the world as well as covering some Australian Test and ODI Cricket for Channel Nine and the Big Bash League for Channel Ten. Moody still regularly commentates on both television and radio throughout the Australian international and domestic season.

In December 2012, it was announced that Moody would coach the Sunrisers Hyderabad team which was newly included in IPL ahead of the 2013 IPL season. Over the course of 2013–2019, Sunrisers Hyderabad have reached the qualifier rounds five times and won the IPL title in 2016. Moody had coached the SRH franchise for seven consecutive years. He had also coached the Rangpur Riders team in the Bangladesh Premier League.

Moody's long involvement in the game has been recognised over the recent years with appointments to two significant consultancy roles. The first being appointed as the International Director of Cricket for the Caribbean Premier League (CPL) and the second being appointed in 2014 as Director of Cricket with the Melbourne Renegades in the Big Bash League. On 22 September 2017, it was announced that Moody would be appointed as the head coach of the newest team Multan Sultans in the Pakistan Super League for the 2018 season.

In June 2019, he was named as the coach of the Montreal Tigers franchise team for the 2019 Global T20 Canada tournament. Moody was replaced with Trevor Bayliss as the head coach of Sunrisers Hyderabad for the 2020 Indian Premier League. However, on 15 December 2020, Moody was appointed as the Director of Cricket of Sunrisers Hyderabad ahead of the 2021 IPL season.

In February 2021, he was appointed as the director of cricket of Sri Lanka cricket with the influence of Technical Advisory Committee of Sri Lanka Cricket led by Aravinda de Silva. He also became the first director of Sri Lanka cricket, a role which was newly created by SLC to uplift the standards of cricket in Sri Lanka. He was handed over a contract spanning three years and his job role includes analysis of future tour programmes, domestic structure, performance based contracts to Sri Lankan players, player welfare, education, training and development. In May 2021, he was appointed as the consultant coach of the Sri Lankan team for the white ball series against England.

## InfoBox

Tom Moody
| Moody in 2017 as Head Coach of Sunrisers Hyderabad | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Thomas Masson Moody |
| Born | (1965-10-02) 2 October 1965
Adelaide, South Australia |
| Nickname | Moods, Big Tom, Moonshine |
| Height | 198 cm (6 ft 6 in) |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm medium |
| Role | Batsman |
| Relations | David Moody (nephew) |
| International information | |
| National side |  |
| Test debut (cap 348) | 24 November 1989 v New Zealand |
| Last Test | 8 September 1992 v Sri Lanka |
| ODI debut (cap 98) | 9 October 1987 v India |
| Last ODI | 24 October 1999 v Zimbabwe |
|  | |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1985/86–2000/01 | Western Australia |
| 1990 | Warwickshire |
| 1991–1999 | Worcestershire |
|  | |
| Head coaching information | |
| Years | Team |
| 2005–2007 | Sri Lanka |
| 2007–2010 | Western Australia |
| 2008–2010 | Kings XI Punjab |
| 2013–2019, 2022 | Sunrisers Hyderabad |
| 2017–2018 | Rangpur Riders |
| 2018–2019 | Multan Sultans |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition Test ODI FC LA  Matches 8 76 300 366  Runs scored 456 1,211 21,001 11,258  Batting average 32.57 23.28 46.25 38.82  100s/50s 2/3 0/10 64/94 18/77  Top score 106 89 272 180  Balls bowled 432 2,797 23,980 11,534  Wickets 2 52 361 257  Bowling average 73.50 38.73 30.70 30.02  5 wickets in innings 0 0 10 0  10 wickets in match 0 0 2 0  Best bowling 1/17 3/25 7/38 4/24  Catches/stumpings 9/– 21/– 294/– 130/– | |
|  | |
| Medal record      Men's Cricket  Representing  Australia  ICC Cricket World Cup  **Winner** 1987 India and Pakistan   **Winner** 1999 England-Wales
-Ireland-Scotland-Netherlands   Commonwealth Games  1998 Kuala Lumpur   Representing  Sri Lanka as Coach  ICC Cricket World Cup  **Runner-up** 2007 West Indies | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 16 May 2005 | |


title: Chris Orr (artist)

abstract: Christopher Orr MBE RA is an English artist and printmaker who has exhibited worldwide and published over 400 limited edition prints in lithography, etching and silkscreen. Orr was born in Islington, London. After studying at Ravensbourne and Hornsey Schools of Art, he graduated from the Royal College of Art in 1967 with an MA in printmaking. He was made a fellow of the Royal College of Art in 1985, a fellow of the Royal Society of Painter Printmakers in 1988, elected Royal Academician in 1995 and appointed professor of printmaking at The Royal College of Art 1998. Combining his work as a full-time artist with teaching, he has also taught at Cardiff College of Art, Central St Martins, London, and at the Royal College of Art, London. He has described his own work as follows: "During my thirty nine years as an artist I have been put in various pigeon-holes, such as 'quintessential English' or a 'latter-day Hogarth'. But are these epithets reasonable? My pictures are composed of well-mixed metaphors, references, allusions jokes and descriptions. Does 'Chris Orr-like' refer to a typically English muddle? The tradition of graphic eccentricity is fair enough, I am happy to acknowledge many influences in this area." Orr has had many one-man shows internationally, including Britain, France, America, Australia, Japan and China. He is represented by the Jill George Gallery, where he has been regularly exhibited since 1978. He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2008 Birthday Honours.

text:
# Chris Orr (artist)

**Christopher Orr** MBE RA (born 8 April 1943) is an English artist and printmaker who has exhibited worldwide and published over 400 limited edition prints in lithography, etching and silkscreen.

Orr was born in Islington, London. After studying at Ravensbourne and Hornsey Schools of Art, he graduated from the Royal College of Art in 1967 with an MA in printmaking. He was made a fellow of the Royal College of Art in 1985, a fellow of the Royal Society of Painter Printmakers in 1988, elected Royal Academician in 1995 and appointed professor of printmaking at The Royal College of Art 1998. Combining his work as a full-time artist with teaching, he has also taught at Cardiff College of Art, Central St Martins, London, and at the Royal College of Art, London.

He has described his own work as follows: "During my thirty nine years as an artist I have been put in various pigeon-holes, such as 'quintessential English' or a 'latter-day Hogarth'. But are these epithets reasonable? My pictures are composed of well-mixed metaphors, references, allusions jokes and descriptions. Does *'Chris Orr-like'* refer to a typically English muddle? The tradition of graphic eccentricity (Heath Robinson, Donald McGill, Steve Bell et al.) is fair enough, I am happy to acknowledge many influences in this area."

Orr has had many one-man shows internationally, including Britain, France, America, Australia, Japan and China. He is represented by the Jill George Gallery, where he has been regularly exhibited since 1978.

He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2008 Birthday Honours.

## Selected exhibitions

## Public collections

## Publications

* *Many Mansions*, Chris Orr and Michael Palin, 1990
* *The Small Titanic*, Chris Orr and Kevin Whately,1994. London: Pinko Productions ISBN 0951661612
* *Happy Days*, Chris Orr, 1999
* *Semi-Antics*, Chris Orr and Jill George, 2001
* *The Multitude Diaries*, Chris Orr, 2008. London: Royal Academy of Arts. ISBN 9781905711352
* *The Making of Things*, Chris Orr and Robert Hewison. Foreword by Michael Palin. London: Royal Academy of Arts (2013). ISBN 9781907533372


title: Velloreille-lès-Choye

abstract: Velloreille-lès-Choye is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

text:
# Velloreille-lès-Choye

**Velloreille-lès-Choye** is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

## InfoBox

| Velloreille-lès-Choye | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church in Velloreille-lès-Choye | |
| Location of Velloreille-lès-Choye | |
| Velloreille-lès-ChoyeVelloreille-lès-Choye | |
| Coordinates: 47°23′35″N 5°44′14″E / 47.3931°N 5.7372°E / 47.3931; 5.7372 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté |
| Department | Haute-Saône |
| Arrondissement | Vesoul |
| Canton | Marnay |
| Area**1** | 4.13 km2 (1.59 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 80 |
| Density | 19/km2 (50/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 70540 /70700 |
| Elevation | 209–262 m (686–860 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Chapter 21 (Legion)

abstract: "Chapter 21" is the second episode of the third season of the American cable television series Legion, based on the Marvel Comics character David Haller, and connected to the X-Men film series. It is the 21st overall episode of the series and was written by series creator Noah Hawley, co-executive producer Olivia Dufault, and co-producer Kate Thulin and directed by Carlos López Estrada. It originally aired on FX on July 1, 2019. The series follows David Haller, a "mutant" diagnosed with schizophrenia at a young age. Struggling to differentiate reality from fantasy, Haller tries to control his mutant powers and the sinister forces trying to control them while evading a government agency, Division 3. Summerland and Division 3 eventually team up in order to catch Amahl Farouk from finding his original body. While Farouk was captured, David is now labeled as a threat and hunted down, prompting him to escape. In the episode, David finds that Switch's powers won't allow him to pass the barrier to time travel, prompting him to get help from Cary. According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 0.381 million household viewers and gained a 0.1 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received mostly positive reviews from critics, who praised the character development, performances and directing.

text:
# Chapter 21 (Legion)

"**Chapter 21**" is the second episode of the third season of the American cable television series *Legion*, based on the Marvel Comics character David Haller, and connected to the *X-Men* film series. It is the 21st overall episode of the series and was written by series creator Noah Hawley, co-executive producer Olivia Dufault, and co-producer Kate Thulin and directed by Carlos López Estrada. It originally aired on FX on July 1, 2019.

The series follows David Haller, a "mutant" diagnosed with schizophrenia at a young age. Struggling to differentiate reality from fantasy, Haller tries to control his mutant powers and the sinister forces trying to control them while evading a government agency, Division 3. Summerland and Division 3 eventually team up in order to catch Amahl Farouk from finding his original body. While Farouk was captured, David is now labeled as a threat and hunted down, prompting him to escape. In the episode, David finds that Switch's powers won't allow him to pass the barrier to time travel, prompting him to get help from Cary.

According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 0.381 million household viewers and gained a 0.1 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received mostly positive reviews from critics, who praised the character development, performances and directing.

## Plot

After teleporting the compound, David (Dan Stevens) talks with Switch (Lauren Tsai) about her time travel powers. She opens a doorway to show it, but David is unable to enter, despite Switch attempting to get him inside.

At the aircraft, Clark (Hamish Linklater) interrogates a member of David's cult about his whereabouts. When he refuses to elaborate, he is dropped from the aircraft with a parachute. He is picked up by Lenny (Aubrey Plaza), unaware that Clark planted a tracking unit on him. Meanwhile, David and Syd (Rachel Keller) communicate through astral projections. David states the community is used to help more people in trouble, something that Syd rebuffs. He claims he will use time travel to fix everything, but Syd proclaims that he is the problem who fails to acknowledge that he will end the world. This affects David, whose emotions are the source of drugs that the cult uses, causing them to become aggressive.

Lenny takes the member to a tea party in the woods, which is inspired by *Alice in Wonderland*, to drug him. Division 3 agents arrive and capture the members, but find no trace of Lenny. Lenny sneaks in and steals one of the cars, locking Cary (Bill Irwin) inside. Cary is taken to the compound, where he escapes his containment room by fooling a stoned member and encounters David. David states that he wants Cary to create a device that will allow Switch to increase her power and allow David to time travel.

Cary is drugged by Lenny and is subsequently aligned with David in a process similar to him and Kerry (Amber Midthunder). Cary accepts to help Switch, being given a new lab to start working. David, through Cary, states that this will allow him to save the world.

## Production

### Development

In June 2019, it was reported that the second episode of the season would be titled "Chapter 21", and was to be directed by Carlos López Estrada and written by series creator Noah Hawley, co-executive producer Olivia Dufault, and co-producer Kate Thulin. This was Hawley's sixteenth writing credit, Dufault's first writing credit, Thulin's first writing credit, and Estrada's first directing credit.

## Reception

### Viewers

In its original American broadcast, "Chapter 21" was seen by an estimated 0.381 million household viewers and gained a 0.1 ratings share among adults aged 18–49, according to Nielsen Media Research. This means that 0.1 percent of all households with televisions watched the episode. This was a slight increase in viewership from the previous episode, which was watched by 0.377 million viewers with a 0.1 in the 18-49 demographics.

### Critical reviews

"Chapter 21" received mostly positive reviews from critics. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 100% approval rating with an average rating of 7.7/10 for the episode, based on 5 reviews.

Alex McLevy of *The A.V. Club* gave the episode a "B" grade and wrote, "The hunt is on, and with it, *Legion* is delivering some of the most straightforward plotting since the first half of season one. But the darkness remains, and if there were any uncertainty on that front, Amahl Farouk is here to make sure it sticks. He's trying to convince Syd to operate as a sort of emotional Trojan Horse — to pretend to become intimately involved with David again, the better to slide a knife between his shoulder blades. It's bleak, disturbing stuff, and Syd knows it. But considering the Shadow King is walking around Division like he owns the place, it's anyone's guess how much his powers have already worked their magic. Maybe everyone there should take a listen to Switch's lessons about time travel, chapter 20: 'Consider the consequences of your actions.' They don’t always go as planned."

Nick Harley of *Den of Geek* gave the episode a 4 star rating out of 5 and wrote, "Though it's a shorter episode, 'Chapter 21' does a good job of piggybacking on last week's episode to set the stage for the remainder of the season. David is set on trying to 'save the world' while Division 3 looks for a way to get to David that circumvents Switch's abilities. The only thing that I miss this week is the use of Switch as the POV character, but I suppose there's time for that device to return down the line." Kevin Lever of *Tell Tale TV* gave the episode a 4 star rating out of 5 and wrote, "'Chapter 21' comes as the great settling of the dust, an episode where the lay of the land and what's to come is more distinguishable. There's likely to be some surprises along the way, what with time travel and all, but it's setting up for a large-scale endgame of David and Syd trying to find their own peace. With how this show goes, though, there will surely be some side effects to finding that peace."

## InfoBox

| "**Chapter 21**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Legion* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 3<br>Episode 2 |
| Directed by | Carlos López Estrada |
| Written by |  |
| Featured music | Jeff Russo |
| Cinematography by | Polly Morgan |
| Editing by | Todd Desrosiers |
| Production code | XLN03002 |
| Original air date | July 1, 2019 (2019-07-01) |
| Running time | 43 minutes |
|
|


title: Born in 69

abstract: Born in 69 is the fifth studio album by French DJ Bob Sinclar, released on 14 July 2009 on Yellow Productions.

text:
# Born in 69

***Born in 69*** is the fifth studio album by French DJ Bob Sinclar, released on 14 July 2009 on Yellow Productions.

## Track listings

All tracks are written by Bob Sinclair except where noted

French CD (5318005)
| No. | Title | Featuring | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Lala Song" | The Sugarhill Gang | 3:34 |
| 2. | "Give Me Some More" | Roland Clark | 3:18 |
| 3. | "Love You No More" | Shabba Ranks | 4:22 |
| 4. | "New New New" | Vybrate, Queen Ifrica and Makedah | 5:27 |
| 5. | "Jamaïca Avenue" | Tony Rebel | 5:10 |
| 6. | "Peace Song" | Steve Edwards | 6:30 |
| 7. | "What a Wonderful World" | Ron Carroll | 7:04 |
| 8. | "Mr. Tambourine Man" |  | 4:59 |
| 9. | "People of Tomorrow" | Steve Edwards | 4:16 |
| 10. | "The Way I Feel" | Adam Joseph | 4:53 |
| 11. | "We Are Everything" |  | 5:46 |
| 12. | "Belly Dancer" | Kevin Lyttle | 4:11 |
| Total length: | | | 59:30 |

Japan bonus tracks (AVCD-23894)
| No. | Title | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "In the Getho" (Club Mix) |  |  |
| 14. | "Lala Song" (Tocadisco Remix) | DJ Tocadisco |  |
| 15. | "Lala Song" (Dexpistols Remix) | Dexpistols |  |

Ukrainian CD (460502670192)
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 12. | "Looks Like Love" | 2:56 |
| Total length: | | 52:31 |

UK remix version
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "Lala Song" (Spencer & Hill Remix) | 6:32 |
| 14. | "Love You No More" (The Count & Sinden Remix) | 4:44 |
| 15. | "Love You No More" (Chuckie Remix) | 5:39 |
| 16. | "New New New" (Avicii Remix) | 8:23 |
| 17. | "Peace Song" (Viva Delux Lighter Shade Remix) | 7:13 |
| 18. | "Mr. Tambourine Man" (Benassi Bros. Remix) | 6:57 |
| Total length: | | 94:46 |

Brazil bonus track (60075326119)
| No. | Title | Featuring | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "Lala Funk" | MC Leozinho | 3:04 |
| Total length: | | | 58:27 |

1. This edition omits the track "What a Wonderful World".

## Charts

### Weekly charts

Chart performance for *Born in 69*
| Chart (2009) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 41 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia) | 25 |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 7 |
| Italian Albums (FIMI) | 37 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 50 |

### Year-end charts

Year-end chart performance for *Born in 69*
| Chart (2009) | Position |
| --- | --- |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 154 |

## InfoBox

| Born in 69 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Bob Sinclar | |
| Released | 14 July 2009 |
| Recorded | 2009 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 59:30 |
| Label |  |
| Producer | Bob Sinclar |
| Bob Sinclar chronology | |
| *Soundz of Freedom*
(2007) ***Born in 69***
(2009) *Made in Jamaïca*
(2010) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Born in 69* | |
| 1. "Lala Song"
Released: 3 April 2009 2. "Love You No More"
Released: 15 June 2009 3. "Peace Song"
Released: September 2009 | |
|  | |


abstract: The 2025 European Athletics Team Championships (ETC) will be held at Estadio de Vallehermoso in Madrid, Spain, in June 2025. The 2023 edition was initially planned to be held in Madrid, but after European Athletics and European Olympic Committee reached to an agreement, the event was added to the 2023 European Games programme and moved to Poland. Madrid will host the 2025 ETC. The dates are to be confirmed.

text:
# 2025 European Athletics Team Championships

The **2025 European Athletics Team Championships** (ETC) will be held at Estadio de Vallehermoso in Madrid, Spain, in June 2025.

The 2023 edition was initially planned to be held in Madrid, but after European Athletics and European Olympic Committee reached to an agreement, the event was added to the 2023 European Games programme and moved to Poland. Madrid will host the 2025 ETC.

The dates are to be confirmed.

## InfoBox

2025 European Team Championships
| Host city | Madrid, Spain<br>(all 3 divisions) |
| --- | --- |
| Events | 37 |
| Dates | June 2025 |
|  | |


title: Chronicles of Nepal

abstract: There are bodies of texts that reflect distinct classical narrative in the Indian sub-continent are called the vamsavali. They bear special significance in the study of Nepalese history and its historical tradition. In continuation to the itihāsa-purāṇa tradition as prevalent in the Indian sub-continent, these writings have mostly been referred to, where there is an absence of other historical sources. As a distinct historical narrative, they have a lot to reflect about the past in a broader sense. In Nepal, such chronicles are abundant and historically important, but yet least researched. This sector is yet to be explored fully and is probable to mirror interesting and near-to-credible information about the past. The vaṃśāvalīs, etymologically, refer only to the list of people of certain vaṃśas.

text:
# Chronicles of Nepal

There are bodies of texts that reflect distinct classical narrative in the Indian sub-continent are called the vamsavali (IAST: *vaṃśāvalī*, Devanagari: वंशावली). They bear special significance in the study of Nepalese history and its historical tradition. In continuation to the *itihāsa*-*purāṇa* tradition as prevalent in the Indian sub-continent, these writings have mostly been referred to, where there is an absence of other historical sources. As a distinct historical narrative, they have a lot to reflect about the past in a broader sense. In Nepal, such chronicles are abundant and historically important, but yet least researched. This sector is yet to be explored fully and is probable to mirror interesting and near-to-credible (or sometimes highly credible) information about the past.

The *vaṃśāvalī*s, etymologically, refer only to the list of people of certain *vaṃśa*s (*gotra* or clan, ancestry in general).

List of some popular chronicles (*vamsavali*s) of Nepal
| Name of Chronicle | Date of last compilation | Place of compilation | Paper Size | Folios | Script | Language |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Gopālarājavaṃśāvalī | c. 1349 AD | Kathmandu valley (Bhaktapur) | 28 cm x 5 cm | 48 | Bhujimola | Sanskrit and Nepal Bhasa |
| Bhāṣā Vaṃśāvalī | after 1768 AD | Kathmandu valley | - | - | Devanagari | Sanskrit and Nepali |
| Nepālavaṃśāvalī | after 1790 AD | Kathmandu valley | 22.5 cm x 9 cm | 13 | Devanagari | Sanskrit |
| Wright's Chronicle | after 1847 AD | Kathmandu valley | - | - | Devanagari | Sanskrit and Nepal Bhasa |
| Kirkpatrick's Chronicle | c. 1800 AD | Kathmandu valley | - | - | - | - |
| Gorkhā Vaṃśāvalī | after 1774 AD | Gorkha | - | - | Devanagari | Nepali |
| Śrīpālī Vaṃśāvalī | 1831 AD | Dailekh | - | - | Devanagari | Nepali |
| Kāṭhmāṇḍu Upatyakākā Ek Rājavaṃśāvalī | c. 1885 AD | Kathmandu valley | - | - | Devanagari | Sanskrit and Nepal Bhasa |
| The Vaṃśāvalī of the Malla Rājās of Jājarkoṭ | NA | Jajarkot | - | 4 | Devanagari | Nepali |
| Devatāharuko vaṃśāvalī | 1988 AD | Kathmandu | 33 cm x 22.5 cm | 145 | Devanagari | Sanskrit and Nepali |

Alongside the list in the table, in the collection of Hodgson are following vaṃśāvalīs as specified by Hasrat: \[The no./vol. refers to the codes in Hodgson collection.\]

1. No. 27 (19): Bamshavalis, 5 books: Vol. 17. Fol. 1-117; Vol. 52, Fol. 180-1.
2. No. 28 (7): Chronology of Nepal, Vol. 17. Fol. 220-27.
3. No. 29 (8): Bamsavali, Newari, 2 Vols: Vol. 9, 16, 17 and 19.
4. No. 29 (16): Bamsavali, Newari, Vol. 52. Fol. 7-52; Vol. 102, Fol. 9-16.
5. No. 29 (1-6): Gorkha Bamsavali, Vol. 51. Fol. 49-1, 92-107; Vol. 55, Fol. 1-4.
6. No. 30 (1): Gorkha Bamsavali, Nepali and History of Nepal, Vol. 52, Fol. 57-
7. Vol. 74, Fol. 21-23; Vol. 101, Fol. 140-150.
8. No. 32 (1): Vamsavali etc. Vols. 50, 54, 56, 93, 95 and 104.
9. No. 32 (2): Vamsavali, Vol. 93. Fol. 89 ff; Vol. 101, Fol. 158-167.
10. No. 32 (5): Early Gorkha Vamsavalis, Vol. 51. Fol. 111-120.
11. No. 33(6): Gorkha Bamsavali, Roll No. 45.
12. No. 36 (1): Vamsavali Statistics etc., Vols. 26, 51, 54, 74, 99, 100 and 101.
13. No. 37 (5): Vamsavali, Vol. 51, Fol. 181-2.
14. No. 39 (6): Nepal Chronology, Vol. 7. Fol. 152-170.
15. No. 39 (1): Vamsavalis, Vols. 50 and 55.

Shreṣṭha (2012) mentions of 101 different vaṃśāvalī manuscripts preserved at National Archives, some of which are named after kings, gods, particular caste groups or places. Following is the list he provides:

1. Rājavogamālāvaṃśāvalī
2. Mukundasenanṛpavaṃśāvalī
3. Makavānapurīyananṛpavaṃśāvalī
4. Rājopādhyāyavaṃśāvalī
5. Maithilavaṃśāvalī
6. Maithilabrāhmaṇavaṃśāvalī
7. Macchendravaṃśāvalī
8. Nepālavaṃśāvalī
9. Nepālarājavaṃśāvalī
10. Gorkhāko Vaṃśāvalī
11. Rājaguruvaṃśāvalī
12. Munasigharānako Vaṃśāvalī
13. Rāmaśāhavaṃśāvalī
14. Bhāṣā Vaṃśāvalī
15. Sūryavaṃśāvalī
16. Harivaṃśāvalī
17. Śāhavaṃśāvalī

He also gives the main text of another vamsavali, viz. Harsiddhivaṃśāvalī. In the microfilm collections at Nepāl Archives under Nepal-German Manuscript Preservation Project, are also the vamsavalis collection, as published in a catalog (Part 2) under the subjects Itihāsa 1-5 Lagat (pp. 1–41) and Itihas Tādapatra (pp. 42–46), collected with the code, name of the vamsavali, film number, condition, script, number of folios, size, language and others.

1. Thāpar, Romilā. (2009). The Vaṃśāvalī from Chamba: Reflections of a Historical Tradition. *The Mahesh Chandra Regmi Lecture 2009* \[By Social Science Baha on 14 October 2009, Kathmandu\]. Lalitpur: Himal Books.
2. Rajopadhyaya, Abhas D (2014). *An Analytical Study of the Message-Contents of the Gopālarājavaṃśāvalī from the Perspective of Disseminating Heritage Information in Vaṃśāvalīs of Nepāl \[MA Thesis\]*. Kathmandu: Kantipur City College (Affiliated to Purbanchal University).
3. Ricardi Jr., Theodore. (1973). Book Review: History of Nepal. In Kuloy, Hallvard K. (Ed.). *Kailash: A Journal of Himalayan Studies*. Vol. I. No. 1. Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak Bhaṇḍār. p. 106.
4. Vajrācārya, Dhanavajra and Malla, Kamal P. (1985). *The Gopālarājavaṃśāvalī*. Weisbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag (Nepāl Research Centre Publications; 9).
5. Poudel, Nayanāth. (Ed.). (1963). *Bhāṣā Vaṃśāvalī*. Kathmandu: Nepāl National Library, Department of Archaeology, His Majesty's Government. (Archaeology Publications Series No. 21)
6. Lamsāl, Pundit Devīprasād (Ed.). (1966). *Bhāṣā Vaṃśāvalī (Dvitīya Bhāga) \[Second Part\]*. Kathmandu: Nepāl National Library, Department of Archaeology, His Majesty's Government. (Archaeology Publications Series No. 38)
7. Malla, Kamal P. (1985). Nepālavaṃśāvalī: A Complete Version of the Kaisher Vaṃśāvalī. *CNAS Journal*. Vol. 12 No. 2. Kathmandu: Tribhuvan University. pp. 75-101.
8. Wright, Daniel (Ed.). (1990). *History of Nepal: With an Introductory Sketch of the Country and People of Nepāl*. New Delhi: Asian Publication Services. \[First edition 1877, Cambridge; translated from Parbattiyā by Munshī Shew Shunker Singh and Pandit Shrī Gunānanda\].
9. Kirkpatrick, Colonel. (1975). *An Account of the Kingdom of Nepaul*. New Delhi: Asian Publication Services. \[Originally published in 1811 by London: W. Bulmer and Co. Cleveland-Row\]
10. *Gorkhā Vaṃśāvalī*. (1974). *Ancient Nepal*. No. 28. Kathmandu: Department of Archaeology, His Majesty's Government. pp. 1-28.
11. Nepāl, Pūrṇa Prakāsh ‘Yātrī’. (1983). Khaśa-Samrāṭ Nāgarāja ra Śrīpālī Vaṃśāvalī. *Ancient Nepal*, No. 77. Kathmandu: Department of Archaeology. pp. 1-12.
12. Sharmā, Bāl Chandra. (Ed). (1968). Kāṭhmāṇḍū-Upatyakāko Ek Rājavaṃśāvalī. \[With an introduction\]. *Ancient Nepal*, No. 4. Kathmandu: Department of Archaeology, His Majesty's Government. pp. 3-15.
13. Sharmā, Bāl Chandra. (Ed). (1968). Kāṭhmāṇḍū-Upatyakāko Ek Rājavaṃśāvalī. *Ancient Nepal*, No. 5. Kathmandu: Department of Archaeology, His Majesty's Government. pp. 1-17.
14. Sharmā, Bāl Chandra. (Ed). (1968). Kāṭhmāṇḍū-Upatyakāko Ek Rājavaṃśāvalī. *Ancient Nepal*, No. 6. Kathmandu: Department of Archaeology, His Majesty's Government. pp. 1-29.
15. Bhattarāī, Biśwanāth. (1974). Jājarkoṭe Rājā ra Malla Rājāharūko Vaṃśāvalī. *Ancient Nepal*. No. 27. Kathmandu: Department of Archaeology, His Majesty's Government. pp. 49-55.
16. Rājopādhyāya, Dineshānanda. Devatāharūko Vaṃśāvalī. (Unpublished)
17. Hasrat, Vikram Jit (1970). History of Nepal. Punjab. pp. xvii.
18. Regmi, Jagadish Chandra. (1989). Vaṃśāvalī ra Vaṃśāvalīharū \[With texts of the Nepālavaṃśāvalī\]. *Ancient Nepal*, No. 114. Kathmandu: Department of Archaeology. pp. 1-7.
19. Shrestha, Rajit Bahadur. (2012). Abhilekha. Lalitpur: Nhū Hisu Pucaḥ. p. 45.


title: Juosta

abstract: The Juosta is a river of Anykščiai district municipality, Utena County and Panevėžys district municipality, Panevėžys County, northeastern Lithuania. It flows for 50.8 kilometres and has a basin area of 273.3 km². It is a right-bank tributary of the Nevėžis.

text:
# Juosta

The **Juosta** is a river of Anykščiai district municipality, Utena County and Panevėžys district municipality, Panevėžys County, northeastern Lithuania. It flows for 50.8 kilometres and has a basin area of 273.3 km².

It is a right-bank tributary of the Nevėžis.

## InfoBox

| Juosta | |
| --- | --- |
| The Juosta near Jacgalys village | |
| Location | |
| Country | Lithuania |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Anykščiai district municipality, Utena County |
|  | |
| Mouth | Nevėžis |
| coordinates | 55°44′07″N 24°25′44″E / 55.7352°N 24.4290°E / 55.7352; 24.4290 |
| Length | 50.8 km (31.6 mi) |
| Basin size | 273.3 km2 (105.5 sq mi) |
|  | |
| Discharge |  |
| average | 0.82 m3/s (29 cu ft/s) |
|  | |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | NevėžisNemanBaltic Sea |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | Užlužupys, Juostinas |
| right | Jūrupis, Rekstinas, Venys, Akmena |


title: The Taint (film)

abstract: The Taint is an American silent film produced by Sid Films and distributed by Lubin Manufacturing Company. It was directed by Sidney Olcott with Valentine Grant, James Vincent and Pat O'Malley in the leading roles.

text:
# The Taint (film)

***The Taint*** is an American silent film produced by Sid Films and distributed by Lubin Manufacturing Company. It was directed by Sidney Olcott with Valentine Grant, James Vincent and Pat O'Malley in the leading roles.

## Cast

* Motography, December 4, 1915.
* The New York Dramatic Mirror, December 4, 1915, p 29.

## InfoBox

| The Taint | |
| --- | --- |
| *The Lubin Bulletin* (January 17, 1916) | |
| Directed by | Sidney Olcott |
| Written by | Pearl Gaddis |
| Produced by | Sid Films |
| Starring | Valentine Grant
James Vincent
Pat O'Malley |
| Distributed by | Lubin Manufacturing Company |
| Release date | * December 1, 1915 (1915-12-01) |
| Running time | 3000 ft |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Silent film
(English intertitles) |


title: Star and Garter

abstract: Star and Garter is a 1942 American musical revue starring comedian Bobby Clark and produced by Mike Todd. The show, which opened at Broadway's Music Box Theatre on 24 June 1942, was a smash hit, closing on 4 December 1943 after 609 performances. Numerous performers were included in the show including burlesque striptease artists Gypsy Rose Lee and Georgia Sothern. Reviewer John Anderson called the show "the season's most anatomical spectacle". Sothern's performance was captured in the short Film Theatarettes film.

text:
# Star and Garter

***Star and Garter*** is a 1942 American musical revue starring comedian Bobby Clark and produced by Mike Todd. The show, which opened at Broadway's Music Box Theatre on 24 June 1942, was a smash hit, closing on 4 December 1943 after 609 performances.

Numerous performers were included in the show including burlesque striptease artists Gypsy Rose Lee and Georgia Sothern.

Reviewer John Anderson called the show "the season's most anatomical spectacle". Sothern's performance was captured in the short Film Theatarettes film.


title: Tom Becker (basketball)

abstract: Thomas W. Becker was an American professional basketball player. He played for the Cleveland Allmen Transfers in the National Basketball League for one game during the 1944–45 season.

text:
# Tom Becker (basketball)

**Thomas W. Becker** (May 17, 1923 – January 24, 1991) was an American professional basketball player. He played for the Cleveland Allmen Transfers in the National Basketball League for one game during the 1944–45 season.

## InfoBox

Tom Becker
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1923-05-17)May 17, 1923
Dover, Ohio |
| Died | January 24, 1991(1991-01-24) (aged 67)
Dover, Ohio |
| Nationality | American |
| Listed height | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) |
| Listed weight | 180 lb (82 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school | Dover (Dover, Ohio) |
| Position | Forward |
| Career history | |
| 1943–1944 | Akron Shulans |
| 1943–1944 | Cleveland Summits |
| 1944 | Cleveland Allmen Transfers |
| 1945–1946 | Dover Gross Confectionary |
|  | |