title: Pelegrín Castillo

abstract: Pelegrín Horacio Castillo Semán is a Dominican politician. He was the first to be Minister of Energy and Mines of the Dominican Republic; he was in office from April 2014 to 16 August 2020. He was elected deputy in 2010 for a period of 6 years, but in 2014 he resigned to take over as Minister of Energy and Mines. In 2012, he was candidate for the presidential election of that year in the Dominican Republic. He also ran for president in the presidential elections of 2016.

text:
# Pelegrín Castillo

**Pelegrín Horacio Castillo Semán** (born April 22, 1956) is a Dominican politician. He was the first to be Minister of Energy and Mines of the Dominican Republic; he was in office from April 2014 to 16 August 2020. He was elected deputy in 2010 for a period of 6 years, but in 2014 he resigned to take over as Minister of Energy and Mines. In 2012, he was candidate for the presidential election of that year in the Dominican Republic. He also ran for president in the presidential elections of 2016.

## InfoBox

| Pelegrín Horacio Castillo Semán | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Minister of Energy and Mines of the Dominican Republic | |
| **In office**
April 2014  16 August 2020 | |
| Preceded by | *Office created* |
| Succeeded by | Antonio Almonte |
| Member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Dominican Republic | |
| **In office**
August 22, 1994  August 22, 2014 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1956-04-22) April 22, 1956
San Francisco de Macorís, Dominican Republic |
| Relations | Vinicio Castillo Semán (brother) |
| Parents |  |
|  | |


title: Designers Choice

abstract: The Designers Choice is an American sailing dinghy that was designed by Sparkman & Stephens as a sail training and racing boat and first built in 1978. It was Sparkman & Stephens' design #2349. The Designers Choice was later developed into the Shadow, by making the cockpit longer and deeper and adding internal seating.

text:
# Designers Choice

The **Designers Choice** is an American sailing dinghy that was designed by Sparkman & Stephens as a sail training and racing boat and first built in 1978. It was Sparkman & Stephens' design #2349.

The Designers Choice was later developed into the Shadow, by making the cockpit longer and deeper and adding internal seating.

## Production

The design was built by Howmar Boats in the United States starting in 1978. A total of 1,500 boats were produced, but the company went out of business in 1983 and the boat went out of production at that time.

## Design

The Designers Choice is a recreational sailboat, built predominantly of fiberglass. The hull design is flat aft, so the boat will plane. It has a fractional sloop rig with anodized aluminum spars and a loose-footed mainsail. The hull has a slightly raked stem, a vertical transom, a transom-hung, kick-up rudder controlled by a tiller and a retractable centerboard. The forward part of the boat is open, without a foredeck. The aft deck includes a small stowage locker. The cockpit is self-draining. The boat displaces 315 lb (143 kg).

The boat has a draft of 3.00 ft (0.91 m) with the centerboard extended and 5 in (13 cm) with it retracted, allowing beaching or ground transportation on a trailer.

For sailing the design is equipped with an outhaul, boom vang, a Cunningham and a jib window. It is also fitted with foam flotation for buoyancy, hiking straps and may also be optionally equipped with a spinnaker for sailing downwind.

The boat may be fitted with a small outboard motor for docking and maneuvering.

The design has a Portsmouth Yardstick racing average handicap of 101.3 and is raced with a maximum crew weight of 900 lb (408 kg).

## Operational history

In a 1994 review Richard Sherwood wrote, "this is a combination boat, meant for training, racing, or general sailing. The Designers Choice has curved sections forward and is relatively dry. With flat surfaces aft, she planes."

## InfoBox

Designers Choice
| *Class symbol* | |
| --- | --- |
| Development | |
| Designer | Sparkman & Stephens |
| Location | United States |
| Year | 1978 |
| No. built | 1500 |
| Builder(s) | Howmar Boats |
| Role | Sailing dinghy |
| Name | Designers Choice |
| Boat | |
| Displacement | 315 lb (143 kg) |
| Draft | 3.00 ft (0.91 m) with the centerboard down |
| Hull | |
| Type | Monohull |
| Construction | Fiberglass |
| LOA | 14.87 ft (4.53 m) |
| LWL | 12.75 ft (3.89 m) |
| Beam | 6.08 ft (1.85 m) |
| Hull appendages | |
| Keel/board type | centerboard |
| Rudder(s) | transom-mounted rudder |
| Rig | |
| Rig type | Bermuda rig |
| Sails | |
| Sailplan | Fractional rigged sloop |
| Mainsail area | 82 sq ft (7.6 m2) |
| Jib/genoa area | 38 sq ft (3.5 m2) |
| Total sail area | 120 sq ft (11 m2) |
| Racing | |
| D-PN | 101.3 |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Designers Remix

abstract: Designers Remix is a Danish fashion house founded in 2002 by Charlotte Eskildsen. Eskildsen is the creative director and head of design. Designers Remix was created by Charlotte Eskildsen after she was hired by IC Companies in 2002 to construct new brands. At the time, the collection was made from “leftovers” of the other IC Companies' brands– hence the name Designers Remix. In 2006, Charlotte and her partner Niels Eskildsen purchased 49% of the company stock, creating Designers Remix A/S. Charlotte then redesigned the collection and took the brand forward with her own signature design, "DNA". Danish design icons, organic modernism, and functionalism are the key parts of her creative process. Eskildsen has a minimalistic approach to her designs, which is seen in geometric, organic and asymmetrical silhouettes, with 3D accents.

text:
# Designers Remix

**Designers Remix** is a Danish fashion house founded in 2002 by Charlotte Eskildsen. Eskildsen is the creative director and head of design.

Designers Remix was created by Charlotte Eskildsen after she was hired by IC Companies in 2002 to construct new brands. At the time, the collection was made from “leftovers” of the other IC Companies' brands– hence the name Designers Remix. In 2006, Charlotte and her partner Niels Eskildsen purchased 49% of the company stock, creating *Designers Remix* A/S. Charlotte then redesigned the collection and took the brand forward with her own signature design, "DNA".

Danish design icons, organic modernism, and functionalism are the key parts of her creative process. Eskildsen has a minimalistic approach to her designs, which is seen in geometric, organic and asymmetrical silhouettes, with 3D accents.

## Awards

In 2012, Designers Remix received the "Danish Fashion Award" (*Dansk Fashion Award*) in the category "*Brand of the Year*"

In 2013, Designers Remix received an "Elle Style Award" in the category "*Brand of the Year*".

## Little Remix

In 2008, she created Little Remix, a clothing line for girls aged 6 to 16. Charlotte's first daughter Smilla is the model for Little Remix campaigns. The collection includes thin cashmere knits, a toned down colour scale and cool prints.

The signed prints of the collections always portray a quirky girl (sketched by Smilla). In some prints, she is diving, while in others, she is playing in a girl band.


title: Paško Vučetić

abstract: Paško Vučetić was one of the two most prominent Dalmatian Serb artists of the first half of the 20th century.

text:
# Paško Vučetić

**Paško Vučetić** (Serbian Cyrillic: Пашко Вучетић; 1871–1925) was one of the two most prominent Dalmatian Serb artists of the first half of the 20th century.

## Biography

Paško Vučetić was born in Split, at the time in the Kingdom of Dalmatia. He completed his grade school and high school education in Split before leaving for Belgrade where he enrolled in an *atelier* run by Rista and Beta Vukanović, then he went to study in Trieste in 1886 and then in art academies in Venice (1893–1895) and Munich (1895–1898). At the end of the 19th century, he held his first exhibition in 1901 in Trieste. When the war First World War broke out he joined the Serbian Army and was assigned to paint the action on the battlefront. During the winter retreat of 1915 over the treacherous Albanian mountains, his health failed and he was forced to spend his convalescence at Corfu, and later in Italy, where he attended art schools in Florence and Rome (later at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, Germany). Although older than most of the war artists, Vučetić accepted their style and painted venues of Rome in 1916, which shine with orange buildings, blue sky and violet shades. His art also included sculpture and copying fresco paintings (as a member of the staff of the National Museum in Belgrade). Vučetić also assisted Nadežda Petrović in organizing the First Serbian Artists' Colony.

In 1909, Vučetić received the first prize in the competition for a monument to Karadjordje on Kalemegdan Park. The sculptural composition consisted of a mansion with a flag, soldiers, a woman with a child, Karadjordje's uprising and a guslar, bronze pieces were made in Rome and were assembled in Belgrade. The monument was originally located on Kalemegdan near the "Monument of Gratitude" to France. The ceremonial opening of the monument followed the Second Balkan War, however, in the next few years the monument was destroyed in 1916 during the Austrian occupation of Belgrade.

He exhibited his artworks as a part of Kingdom of Serbia's pavilion at International Exhibition of Art of 1911.

During the Balkan Wars and the First World War, Vučetić completed the cycle of "Belgrade Defense", several war-themed drawings and portraits of politicians and military leaders.

At the National Bank of Serbia he made decorative plastic, painted decoration of walls and vaults. In 1911, Vučetić was hired by Đorđe Vajfert to make an iconostasis for the original church of St. George in Bor. The church was moved to the village of Brestovac near Bor due to the extension of the surface mine. The only icon preserved from the original iconostasis is the icon of Holy Procopius. The icon depicts the founders of the Bor Mine, Đorđe Vajfert, his nephew Ferdinand Gramberg and Franjo Schistek. Apart from painting, sculpture, Vučetić was engaged in pedagogical work, for a time he worked at the National Museum in Belgrade. Many of Vučetić's paintings hang in the National Museum, some are in galleries and others are at auction houses.

He died in Belgrade, at the time in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.


title: Desmiphora x-signata

abstract: Desmiphora x-signata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Melzer in 1935.

text:
# Desmiphora x-signata

***Desmiphora x-signata*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Melzer in 1935.

## InfoBox

| *Desmiphora x-signata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Desmiphora* |
| Species: | ***D. x-signata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Desmiphora x-signata***<br>Melzer, 1935 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Desmiphora x-signatus* Melzer, 1935 * *Desmiphora (Desmiphora) x-signata* Breuning, 1974 | |


title: Pearl Pink

abstract: Pearl Pink is a manga series written and illustrated by Meca Tanaka. Originally serialized in Japan in LaLa from April 2002 through April 2004, the individual chapters were collected and published in four tankōbon volumes by Hakusensha. The series follows the romance between Tamoko, the daughter of a top idol who must keep her identity secret, and her childhood friend Kanji, whose talent agent father represents Tamoko's mother. The series is licensed for English language release in North America by Tokyopop, which released the series volumes from January 2007 through January 2008. The series was adapted into a drama CD spin-off by Geneon Entertainment.

text:
# Pearl Pink

***Pearl Pink*** (天然パールピンク, *Tennen Pāru Pinku*, lit. "Clueless Pearl Pink") is a manga series written and illustrated by Meca Tanaka. Originally serialized in Japan in *LaLa* from April 2002 through April 2004, the individual chapters were collected and published in four *tankōbon* volumes by Hakusensha. The series follows the romance between Tamoko, the daughter of a top idol who must keep her identity secret, and her childhood friend Kanji, whose talent agent father represents Tamoko's mother.

The series is licensed for English language release in North America by Tokyopop, which released the series volumes from January 2007 through January 2008. The series was adapted into a drama CD spin-off by Geneon Entertainment.

## Plot

While going to his father's business, high schooler Kanji runs across some bullies robbing an elementary school student. Before he can come to their aid, a blond boy jumps in a beats the bullies up but they escape on Kanji's scooter. The boy gives chase, promising to catch them while Kanji wonders how the boy knows his name. Later, he learns the boy is actually a girl named Tamako, the daughter of his father's talent agency's top talent, idol Shinju Momono. They were actually friends ten years before, but Kanji doesn't appear to remember Tamako though she hasn't forgotten him. Tamako was living with her grandmother until now, as Shinju was only a teenager at the time she became pregnant and wasn't able to support a child. However, if it were revealed that Shinju had been an unwed, teen mother when her "image" was built on being innocent and pure, her career would be ruined so the agency demands that Tamoko's relationship to her be kept a secret and Tamako must go to live with Kanji and his father.

## Media

### Manga

*Pearl Pink* premiered in Japan in *LaLa* magazine's April 24, 2002 issue where it ran monthly until its conclusion in the April 24, 2004 issue. The individual chapters were collected and published in four *tankōbon* volumes by Hakusensha, with the first volume released December 5, 2002. The final volume was released July 5, 2004.

The series is licensed for English language release in North America by Tokyopop, which released the first volume on January 9, 2007. The final volume was released on January 8, 2008.

| No. | Original release date | Original ISBN | English release date | English ISBN |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | December 5, 2002 | 4-59217-083-0 | January 9, 2007 | 978-1-59816-775-7 |
| 2 | May 2, 2003 | 4-59217-084-9 | May 8, 2007 | 978-1-59816-776-4 |
| 3 | December 12, 2003 | 4-59217-089-X | September 11, 2007 | 978-1-59816-777-1 |
| 4 | July 5, 2004 | 4-59217-090-3 | January 8, 2008 | 978-1-59816-778-8 |

### Drama CD

A drama CD adaptation was released by Geneon Entertainment on January 23, 2004, containing ten tracks containing original spin-off stories of the series.

## Reception

Katherine Luther, writing for about.com, described *Pearl Pink* as "a fun and comedic look at young love", recommending it for readers who like romance manga. A. E. Sparrow, writing for IGN, described it as a book "tough to pigeonhole", and an exceptionally humorous way of telling the "standard shojo tale of girl pursuing guy".

Michelle Ramonetti, writing for mania.com, gave a very in-depth review, praising the art as "pure sugar" and saying that "every page packs some kind of visual treat, be it detailed backgrounds, wispy hair, lovely screen tones, round, intense eyes, and more physical beauty than you can shake a stick at. Even Tamako, who spends most of the volume looking more like a boy than a girl, gets an idol's makeover near the end. That might make other series hard to take seriously, but here it works just fine." Ramonetti goes on to describe the story as endearing, although points out some flaws, such as an anticlimactic story arc involving Tamako's grandmother, and a strange "emphasis on Tamako's current strength vs. her crybaby past". Ramonetti ends her review by recommending the manga for fans of romantic, shoujo comedy, and especially for fans who "like a dash of the entertainment industry thrown in".

1. Scott, Sheridan (January 2007). "Pearl Pink". *Newtype USA*. Vol. 6, no. 1. p. 141. ISSN 1541-4817.
2. "S-book.net" 天然パールピンク 1 (in Japanese). Hakusensha. Retrieved 2009-03-19.
3. "S-book.net" 天然パールピンク 4 (in Japanese). Hakusensha. Retrieved 2009-03-19.
4. "Browse Book Catalog: Peach Girl's: Sae's Story, Volume 2–Pet Shop of Horrors, Volume 2". Tokyopop. Archived from the original on January 2, 2010. Retrieved 2009-03-19.
5. "S-book.net" 天然パールピンク 2 (in Japanese). Hakusensha. Retrieved 2009-03-19.
6. "S-book.net" 天然パールピンク 3 (in Japanese). Hakusensha. Retrieved 2009-03-19.
7. "HCDシリーズ 天然パールピンク" (in Japanese). Neowing. Retrieved 2009-03-19.
8. "About.com short review". Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved March 20, 2009.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
9. IGN review
10. Ramonetti, Michelle (April 9, 2008). "Tennen Pearl Pink Vol. #01". *Mania.com*. Demand Media. Archived from the original on June 9, 2009.

## InfoBox

| Pearl Pink | |
| --- | --- |
| 天然パールピンク<br>(*Tennen Pearl Pink*) | |
| Genre | Fantasy, Romance |
| Manga | |
| Written by | Meca Tanaka |
| Published by | Hakusensha |
| English publisher |  |
| Magazine | *LaLa* |
| Demographic | *Shōjo* |
| Original run | April 24, 2002April 24, 2004 |
| Volumes | 4 |


title: Pearl Phelan

abstract: Pearl Phelan, Sr Joseph Ignatius was a nurse and pioneer of person-centred hospice care, known to many as "Aunt Pearl". In her role at Our Lady's Hospice in Harold's Cross, Dublin, she modernised the facility and transformed end-of-life and palliative care. She introduced the hospice Home Care service so people could die in their own homes. For her initiatives in enabling people to "live life to the full, control their symptoms so they are freed from pain and fear of pain", she received the People of the Year Award in 1987.

text:
# Pearl Phelan

**Pearl Phelan, Sr Joseph Ignatius** (11 February 1921 – 4 December 2010) was a nurse and pioneer of person-centred hospice care, known to many as "Aunt Pearl". In her role at Our Lady's Hospice in Harold's Cross, Dublin, she modernised the facility and transformed end-of-life and palliative care. She introduced the hospice Home Care service so people could die in their own homes. For her initiatives in enabling people to "live life to the full, control their symptoms so they are freed from pain and fear of pain", she received the People of the Year Award in 1987.

## Early life and family

Phelan was born on 11 February 1921 to John Bernard and Mary Agnes Phelan in Clonmel, Co Tipperary where her family owned the Clonmel Drapery Company. She was the third of six children, Kitty, Ellie, Maura, Michael and John. Her brother John died when she was 10 and she was orphaned at the age of 13.

Her sister Maura married James Dillon TD. The author Liz Nugent is Phelan's grand niece.

## Career

Phelan trained as nurse before entering the Irish Sisters of Charity as a novice at the relatively late age of 31. She entered religious life with the Order at St Anne's in Milltown on 30 June 1952, becoming Sr Joseph Ignatius.

She became head of theatre nursing at St Vincent's Hospital on St Stephen's Green, Dublin, where she oversaw their design and move to the hospital's current location in Elm Park in 1970.

Her Mother Superior, Sr. Francis Rose O'Flynn, transferred her to Our Lady's Hospice, where she was tasked with transforming end of life and palliative care. Phelan studied best practice in hospice care in the UK and US. She went to Hackney in the mid-70s to learn more about terminal pain management. There she met and befriended Dame Cicely Saunders, founder of the hospice movement, who became her mentor.

She successfully applied for funding from the Department of Health to extend and modernise the hospice building. She extended it to provide a 17-bed unit for acute terminally ill patients. It was completed in 1978 at a cost of £110,000. The hospice combined the "competence and skill of a general hospital with the warmth of a home".

Phelan was showing visitors from Minnesota, who wanted to set up a similar hospice in the US, around Our Lady's Hospice when they asked a patient called Lily what made the hospice special. Lily replied "Stella there likes her tea cool and weak, I like mine hot and strong. And that's the way we get it." When Abba played their only Irish gig in Dublin in 1979, there was a teenage fan in the hospice who wanted to go but there were no tickets available. So Phelan rang their hotel and managed to secure a front-row ticket for her.

Film-maker Alan Gilsenan, who made a documentary series called The Hospice in 2007, recalled his mother, a childhood friend and cousin of Phelan's, "going to Pearl" for the last two weeks of her life. He described Phelan's "strong sense of sheer goodness".

### Hospice Home Care

In 1985, Phelan spearheaded the introduction of the hospice Home Care scheme, to facilitate pain-controlled, end-of-life care in people's own homes. The service operated 24 hours a day, with members of the hospice team visiting people dying of cancer at home "to help them live life to the full while they are with us and assist their families to go on living afterwards".

### Award

In 1987, a People of the Year Award, then sponsored by the Rehab Institute and New Ireland Assurance, was presented to Sr. Ignatius Phelan and her Mother Superior Sr. Francis Rose O'Flynn. They were honoured for their "outstanding work with the terminally ill at Our Lady's Hospice and the support they gave to families through home visits". The citation for the award described their achievements as "a modern day miracle".

## Death and legacy

Phelan died at her home in Our Lady's Hospice, Dublin on 4 December 2010, aged 89. She was surrounded by members of her family and religious community. At her eulogy, her nephew John Blake Dillon described her leadership style as summed up by Lao Tzu; "As for the best leaders – the people do not notice their existence."

Phelan was featured in the 2022 book Her Keys to the city, in which 80 women were retrospectively honoured for their contributions to Dublin. The book was commissioned by then Lord Mayor Alison Gilliland to address the imbalance of those who had been awarded the Freedom of the City of Dublin since 1876 – 83 men and four women.

1. "Sister Joseph Ignatius Phelan". *Religious Sisters of Charity*. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
2. Gilliand, Alison (2022). *Her keys to the city : honouring the women who made Dublin*. Clodagh Finn. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 167–169. ISBN 978-1-8384635-5-7. OCLC 1330404649.
3. Nix, Des (29 November 1987). "The miracle worker". *Sunday Press*. p. 9. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
4. Glennon, Mary (6 August 1987). "The Hospice Movement that Helps the Dying". *Evening Herald*. p. 10. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
5. "Dying moments captured on camera". *The Irish Times*. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
6. McKenna, Gene (25 November 1987). "People of the Year Honoured". *Irish Independent*. p. 9. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
7. "PHELAN, Sr. Joseph : Death : Irish Times". *notices.irishtimes.com*. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
8. Gilliand, Alison (2022). *Her keys to the city : honouring the women who made Dublin*. Clodagh Finn. Dublin. ISBN 978-1-8384635-5-7. OCLC 1330404649.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

## InfoBox

| Sr Joseph Ignatius | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Pearl Phelan
11 February 1921
Clonmel, Co Tipperary, Ireland |
| Died | 4 December 2010 (aged 91)
Our Lady's Hospice, Dublin, Ireland |
| Organization | Irish Sisters of Charity |
| Known for | Hospice care pioneer |
| Movement | Hospice movement |
| Awards | People of the Year 1987 |


title: Peadar Lamb

abstract: Peadar Lamb was an Irish actor. He was known for his roles in numerous Irish-language stage productions, including playing King Fin Varra in the television series Mystic Knights of Tir Na Nog, and voicing Grandpa Piggley Winks on the children's television series Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks.

text:
# Peadar Lamb

**Peadar Lamb** (1930 – 1 September 2017) was an Irish actor. He was known for his roles in numerous Irish-language stage productions, including playing King Fin Varra in the television series *Mystic Knights of Tir Na Nog,* and voicing Grandpa Piggley Winks on the children's television series *Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks*.

## Early life

Lamb grew up in An Cheathrú Rua, Carraroe. His father, Charles Lamb, was a well-known painter. Peadar Lamb trained at the Abbey Theatre and first appeared on stage in 1954.

## Career

### Theatre

Lamb had a theatrical career lasting over 60 years. Over the course of this time, he played diverse characters and appeared in a number of plays by famous playwrights including Brendan Behan, Dion Boucicault and Seán O'Casey:

Other stage performances include a role as Curly in John Murphy's *The Country Boy* and as the blind man in W. B. Yeats' *On Baile's Strand*. Lamb toured America and Canada in 1990 with John Millington Synge's *The Playboy of the Western World*. In June 2002, Peadar Lamb and his wife Geraldine Plunkett played leading roles in a production of Tony Guerin's play *Hummin',* performed by the Waterford-based Red Kettle Company.

### Television

Lamb appeared on many series broadcasts on RTÉ One, including television soap operas *Fair City* and *Ros na Rún*. He appeared in a 1998 episode of the sitcom *Father Ted* and played Mr. Hasson in the British drama film *The Railway Station Man*, opposite Donald Sutherland and Julie Christie. He also played fairy King Fin Varra in the television series *Mystic Knights of Tir Na Nog*, loosely based on Irish mythology and voiced Old Piggley Winks on the children's television series *Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks*.

### Teaching

Lamb qualified as a primary school teacher before becoming an actor full time and later taught young actors at his alma mater, Abbey School of Acting.

## Personal life

Lamb was married to actress Geraldine Plunkett from 1965. They had seven children.

Lamb died in his sleep at his home in Glenageary, Ireland, on 1 September 2017 at the age of 87.

## Filmography

Film
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2007 | *Cré na Cille* | An Máistir Mór |  |
| 2006 | *Secret of the Cave* | Corky |  |
| 2004 | *Man About Dog* | Fitzgerald the Farmer |  |
| 2003 | *Bloom* | Editor |  |
| 1998 | *This Is My Father* | Man in Pub |  |
| 1994 | *The Bishop's Story* | Bishop |  |
| 1992 | *Far and Away* | Farmer |  |
| 1992 | *The Railway Station Man* | Mr. Hasson |  |
| 1991 | *December Bride* | Registrar |  |
| 1990 | *The Field* | Paddy Joe O'Reilly |  |
| 1987 | *Budawanny* | Bishop |  |
| 1984 | *Reflections* | Doctor |  |
| 1971 | *Von Richthofen and Brown* | German staff Major |  |
| 1967 | *Jules Verne's Rocket to the Moon* | Soldier |  |
| 1965 | *The Secret of My Success* | Superintendent Henderson |  |
| 1959 | *This Other Eden* | Young Devereaux |  |

Television
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | *No Offence*, episode #1.7' | Errol Lang | final role |
| 2003–2007 | *Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks* | Grandpa Piggley Winks (voice) |  |
| 2004 | *Killinaskully*, episode *The New Priest* | Fr. Mullarkey |  |
| 2002 | *Bobbie's Girl* | Priest |  |
| 2001 | *Custer's Last Stand-up*, episode *Play It Again, Gem* | Gem Diamond |  |
| 2000 | *My Hero* | Seamus Sunday | Series 1 Episode 5 "Old Man Riverdance" |
| 1998–1999 | *Mystic Knights of Tir Na Nog* | Fin Varra |  |
| 1998 | *Father Ted* | Fargo Boyle | Series 3 Episode 2 *Chirpy Burpy Cheap Sheep* |
| 1996 | *Ros na Rún* | P.J. Doherty |  |
| 1996 | *Screen Two* (drama series), episode *Loving* | Eldon |  |
| 1991 | *The Treaty* | Sir John Lavery |  |
| 1990 | *Shoot to Kill* | Mr. Tighe |  |
| 1989 | *Brotherhood of the Rose* | Doctor |  |

## InfoBox

| Peadar Lamb | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1930
Galway, Ireland |
| Died | (2017-09-01)1 September 2017 (aged 87)
Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown, County Dublin, Ireland |
| Nationality | Irish |
| Alma mater | Abbey School of Acting |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1954–2015 |
| Notable work | *Mystic Knights of Tir Na Nog*, *Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks* |
| Spouse | Geraldine Plunkett (m. 1965) |
| Children | 7 |


abstract: Development Research Center of the State Council of China is a public institution responsible for policy research, strategic review and consulting of issues related to the economic and social development on mainland China. It is an advisory body which recommends policies to Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the State Council.

text:
# Development Research Center of the State Council

**Development Research Center** (**DRC**; Chinese: 国务院发展研究中心; pinyin: *Guówùyuàn Fāzhǎn Yánjiū Zhōngxīn*) of the State Council of China is a public institution responsible for policy research, strategic review and consulting of issues related to the economic and social development on mainland China.

It is an advisory body which recommends policies to Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the State Council.

## Organizational structure

The DRC is organized into the following departments.

* Academic Committee
* Committee for Assessment of Academic Qualifications
* General Office (Personnel Bureau)
* Department of International Cooperation
* Department of Macroeconomic Research
* Department of Development Strategy and Regional Economy
* Department of Rural Economy
* Department of Industrial Economy
* Department of Foreign Economic Relations
* Department of Social Development
* Institute of Market Economy
* Institute of Enterprise Research
* Institute of Finance Research
* Institute of Resources and Environment Policies
* Institute of Public Administration and Human Resources
* Information Center
* Service Center
* Center for International Knowledge on Development
* China Development Research Foundation
* Management World Magazine
* China Economic Times
* Almanac of China's Economy
* China Development Observation
* China Development Press
* China Rural Labor Association
* International Technology and Economy Institute
* Euro-Asian Social Development Research Institute
* Institute of World Development
* Asia-Africa Development Research Institute
* Ethnic Minority Groups Development Research Institute
* Institute of Hong Kong and Macau Affairs

## Leadership

### Directors

| Name | Chinese name | Took office | Left office | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ma Hong | 马洪 | 1990 | April 1993 |  |
| Sun Shangqing | 孙尚清 | April 1993 | April 1996 |  |
| Wang Mengkui | 王梦奎 | March 1998 | June 2007 |  |
| Zhang Yutai | 张玉台 | June 2007 | April 2011 |  |
| Li Wei | 李伟 | April 2011 | May 2019 |  |
| Lu Hao | 陆昊 | 8 July 2022 | *Incumbent* |  |

### Prominent economists

## InfoBox

Development Research Center
of the State Council
| 国务院发展研究中心<br>Guówùyuàn Fāzhǎn Yánjiū Zhōngxīn | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Agency overview | |
| Jurisdiction | People's Republic of China |
| Headquarters | 225 Chaoyangmennei Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing |
| Minister responsible |  |
| Parent agency | State Council |
| Website | en.drc.gov.cn |


title: Pedakakani mandal

abstract: Pedakakani mandal is one of the 18 mandals in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Guntur Revenue Division and the headquarters are located at Pedakakani. The mandal is bounded by Tadikonda, Mangalagiri, Duggirala, Tenali, Chebrole and Guntur mandals.

text:
# Pedakakani mandal

**Pedakakani mandal** is one of the 18 mandals in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Guntur Revenue Division and the headquarters are located at Pedakakani. The mandal is bounded by Tadikonda, Mangalagiri, Duggirala, Tenali, Chebrole and Guntur mandals.

## Administration

The mandal also forms a part of the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region under the jurisdiction of APCRDA. It is under the control of a tahsildar and the present tahsildar is SK.Ismail. Pedakakani mandal is one of the 3 mandals under Ponnur (Assembly constituency), which in turn represents Guntur (Lok Sabha constituency) of Andhra Pradesh.

## Towns and villages

Pedakakani is the most populated village and Devarayabhotlapalem is the least populated settlement in the mandal. As of 2011 census, the mandal has 11 villages.

The settlements in the mandal are listed below:

1. Agatha Varappadu
2. Anumarlapudi
3. Devarayabhotlapalem
4. Gollamudi
5. Koppuravuru
6. Namburu
7. Pedakakani
8. Takkellapadu
9. Tangellamudi
10. Uppalapadu
11. Venigandla

## Education

The mandal plays a major role in education for the rural students of the nearby villages. The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the *School Education Department* of the state. As per the school information report for the academic year 2015–16, the mandal has more than 8,943 students enrolled in over 66 schools.

## InfoBox

| Pedakakani mandal | |
| --- | --- |
| Mandal | |
| Mandal map of Guntur district showing
Pedakakani mandal (in green) | |
| Interactive Map Outlining mandal | |
| Pedakakani mandalLocation in Andhra Pradesh, India | |
| Coordinates: 16°20′24″N 80°29′27″E / 16.34000°N 80.49083°E / 16.34000; 80.49083 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| District | Guntur |
| Headquarters | Pedakakani |
| Government | |
| Body | Mandal Parishad |
| Tehsildar | SK. Ismail |
| Area | |
| Total | 116.46 km2 (44.97 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 73,689 |
| Density | 630/km2 (1,600/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Telugu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | AP |


title: Pensions Appeal Tribunal

abstract: The Pensions Appeal Tribunal was a judicial tribunal in the United Kingdom which had jurisdiction to hear and decide appeals against decisions of the Secretary of State in connection with applications for war pensions by former members of the military services. The original Tribunal was abolished in November 2008 and its functions transferred to the First-tier Tribunal War Pensions and Armed Forces Compensation Chamber. All staff and tribunal members were transferred to the new Chamber. Legal chairmen became known as tribunal judges.

text:
# Pensions Appeal Tribunal

The **Pensions Appeal Tribunal** was a judicial tribunal in the United Kingdom which had jurisdiction to hear and decide appeals against decisions of the Secretary of State in connection with applications for war pensions by former members of the military services.

The original Tribunal was abolished in November 2008 and its functions transferred to the First-tier Tribunal War Pensions and Armed Forces Compensation Chamber. All staff and tribunal members were transferred to the new Chamber. Legal chairmen became known as tribunal judges.


title: Devendranagar

abstract: Devendranagar is a town and a nagar panchayat in Panna district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. Earlier before the merger it was part of Erstwhile Princely State of Ajaigarh.

text:
# Devendranagar

**Devendranagar** is a town and a nagar panchayat in Panna district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. Earlier before the merger it was part of Erstwhile Princely State of Ajaigarh.

## Demographics

As of the 2011 Census of India, Devendra nagar had a population of 12,785. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Devendra nagar has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 69% and, female literacy is 52%. In Devendra nagar, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Temples

Devendra nagar is also known for its Ram temple, which is named Shri Ram Mandir. It has many idols, but the main idols are Lord Rama, Lakshaman and Goddess Sita. Ram Navmi is celebrated here with great Enthusiasm. Near about 7 kilometres from Devendra nagar there is a peaceful place named "Raja Dahar". There is a temple of Lord Hanuman Ji. Badwara village is also situated near Devendra nagar to the North side. A Famous and Siddh mandir of Sungha Baba is established there. It is called that Sungha Baba is avatar of Lakshman Ji.

## InfoBox

| Devendranagar | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| DevendranagarLocation in Madhya Pradesh, IndiaDevendranagarDevendranagar (India) | |
| Coordinates: 24°36′57″N 80°22′45″E / 24.61583°N 80.37917°E / 24.61583; 80.37917 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Madhya Pradesh |
| District | Panna |
| Elevation | 352 m (1,155 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 12,785 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | MP-35 |


title: Pedro Alonso Pablos

abstract: Pedro Alonso Pablos is a film producer, known for his internet talk show, a pioneer in that medium, and for making his animated feature films almost entirely by himself.

text:
# Pedro Alonso Pablos

**Pedro Alonso Pablos** (Madrid, January 11, 1979) is a film producer, known for his internet talk show, a pioneer in that medium, and for making his animated feature films almost entirely by himself.

## Interviews

Mentioned interviews were recorded in Madrid in 2004/2005 and produced, directed and presented by Pedro. Many Spanish and international celebrities were interviewed, including Santiago Segura, Álex de la Iglesia, Guillermo del Toro, Oliver Stone (with a small appearance), José Luis Moreno and Keanu Reeves, among others. These videos represent an early example of web television, and the first one was recorded in July 2004, approximately 7 months before the appearance of YouTube. These videos were distributed through his own website, *FreakSpain*, now unavailable.

## Animation

Afterwards, Pedro has released through the Spanish VOD portal Filmin his first animated mini series, *Cuentos del mundo*, made entirely by him with the help of voice actress Mª Luz Crespo Chaves.

In 2016, Pedro released through Filmin his first animated feature film, *La ruta de los elefantes*, which is one of the first feature films made almost entirely by just one person. This film technique was named *solo filmmaking*.

In January 2019, he released his second feature film, *Triskipolis*, through Amazon Prime Video for the United States, using the same technique as the previous one, with a fast and great impact and downloads worldwide.

By 2021, Pedro had produced two more films with the aforementioned prior technique: *My surprising and fabulous imaginary friend* (2020), and *The lake of oblivion* (2021).


title: Sheppey Cliffs and Foreshore

abstract: Sheppey Cliffs and Foreshore is a 303.6-hectare (750-acre) biological and geological Site of Special Scientific Interest which stretches between Minster and Leysdown-on-Sea in Kent, England. It includes five Geological Conservation Review sites. This site exposes Eocene London Clay with well-preserved fossil fauna and flora, which have been studied since the eighteenth century.

text:
# Sheppey Cliffs and Foreshore

**Sheppey Cliffs and Foreshore** is a 303.6-hectare (750-acre) biological and geological Site of Special Scientific Interest which stretches between Minster and Leysdown-on-Sea in Kent, England. It includes five Geological Conservation Review sites. This site exposes Eocene London Clay with well-preserved fossil fauna and flora, which have been studied since the eighteenth century.

## The SSSI

London clay was deposited in a shallow sea forming beds up to 200 metres (660 ft) deep at the eastern end. Up to five cycles of deposition, each followed by shallowing of the sea, have been found. Each cycle begins with coarser material being laid down, and this was followed by clay which became increasingly sandy. These layers have been labelled A to E (with A being the oldest), and at Sheppey, the layers C to E are exposed on the cliffs and foreshore. Each layer has its own flora and fauna, with well-preserved fossils of invertebrates including bivalve and gastropod molluscs, brachiopods and nautiloids, as well as articulated lobsters and crabs, and sometimes insects.

There is also a range of fossils of sharks, rays and bony fish, reptiles and birds. Some of the bones occur in nodules in the clay, and much material has been washed out onto the beach. Turtles, crocodiles and snakes are represented among the reptiles, and the birds include members of sixteen families. Sheppey cliffs are also a rich palaeobotany site. Many fossils of Eocene plants have been found, mostly from layers D and E, and over 300 species have been recorded. Dominant among them are tropical lianas; the habitat seems to have been a lush forest bordering a warm, shallow sea.

## Ecology

The site is botanically important for the dragon's teeth (*Tetragonolobus maritimus*) which is found in only a few locations in Britain, and several other uncommon plants occur here, one being bithynian vetch (*Vicia bithynica*).

51°25′16″N 0°51′54″E / 51.421°N 0.865°E / 51.421; 0.865

## InfoBox

Sheppey Cliffs and Foreshore
| Site of Special Scientific Interest | |
| --- | --- |
| Barrow Brook Valley | |
| Location | Kent |
| Grid reference | TQ 993 730 |
| Interest | Biological<br>Geological |
| Area | 303.6 hectares (750 acres) |
| Notification | 1998 |
| Location map | *Magic Map* |


title: Drymus unus

abstract: Drymus unus is a species of dirt-colored seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Drymus unus

***Drymus unus*** is a species of dirt-colored seed bug in the family Rhyparochromidae. It is found in North America.

## InfoBox

| *Drymus unus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Family: | Rhyparochromidae |
| Genus: | *Drymus* |
| Species: | ***D. unus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Drymus unus***<br>(Say, 1832) | |
|


title: Protognathia

abstract:
Protognathia is a genus of crustaceans belonging to the monotypic family Protognathiidae. The species of this genus are found in southernmost South Hemisphere. Species:
  - Protognathia bathypelagica
  - Protognathia waegeli Kussakin & Rybakov, 1995

text:
# Protognathia

***Protognathia*** is a genus of crustaceans belonging to the monotypic family **Protognathiidae**.

The species of this genus are found in southernmost South Hemisphere.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Protognathia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Isopoda |
| Family: | Protognathiidae |
| Genus: | *Protognathia*<br>Wägele & Brandt, 1988 |
|


title: Terry and Julian

abstract: Terry and Julian is a British sitcom that aired on Channel 4 in 1992. Starring Julian Clary, it was written by Clary, Paul Merton and John Henderson. The title of the series spoofs the name of the long-running BBC sitcom Terry and June, whose stars June Whitfield and Reginald Marsh made a guest appearance in episode five, Terry's Safe Deposit, playing characters named George and Mildred.

text:
# Terry and Julian

***Terry and Julian*** is a British sitcom that aired on Channel 4 in 1992. Starring Julian Clary, it was written by Clary, Paul Merton and John Henderson. The title of the series spoofs the name of the long-running BBC sitcom *Terry and June*, whose stars June Whitfield and Reginald Marsh made a guest appearance in episode five, *Terry's Safe Deposit*, playing characters named George and Mildred (in homage to the Thames Television sitcom *George and Mildred)*.

## Cast

Guest Stars

## Plot

Terry Biggins, an average, heterosexual man, advertises for a lodger for his flat in Streatham and Julian, a flamboyant gay Channel 4 celebrity moves in. Julian soon disrupts Terry's mundane life, turns the flat into something similar to an 18th-century Turkish boudoir and disrupts Terry's relationship with his girlfriend, policewoman Rene.

Unusually for a sitcom, *Terry and Julian* breaks the "fourth wall" by recognising the studio audience and viewers, and employs use of audience participation.

## Episodes

1. "Enter Julian" (11 September 1992)
2. "Get Thee Behind Me" (18 September 1992)
3. "Julian Slips Out" (25 September 1992)
4. "The Other Side of Julian" (2 October 1992)
5. "Julian's Safe Deposit" (9 October 1992)
6. "Spain" (16 October 1992)

## InfoBox

| *Terry and Julian* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Starring | Julian Clary
Lee Simpson
Kate Lonergan |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Original language | English |
| No. of series | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 6 |
| Production | |
| Running time | 30 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | Channel 4 |
| Release | 11 September (1992-09-11)
16 October 1992 (1992-10-16) |


title: R. Crumb & His Cheap Suit Serenaders

abstract: R. Crumb and his Cheap Suit Serenaders are an American retro string band playing songs from, and in the style of, the 1920s: old-time music, ragtime, "evergreen" jazz standards, western swing, country blues, Hawaiian, hokum, vaudeville and medicine show tunes. Underground cartoonist Robert Crumb was the band's frontman and album cover artist. Other members of the band include fellow cartoonist Robert Armstrong and filmmaker Terry Zwigoff.

text:
# R. Crumb & His Cheap Suit Serenaders

**R. Crumb and his Cheap Suit Serenaders** are an American retro string band playing songs from, and in the style of, the 1920s: old-time music, ragtime, "evergreen" jazz standards, western swing, country blues, Hawaiian, hokum, vaudeville and medicine show tunes. Underground cartoonist Robert Crumb was the band's frontman and album cover artist. Other members of the band include fellow cartoonist Robert Armstrong and filmmaker Terry Zwigoff (who directed the 1995 documentary *Crumb*).

## History

Crumb and Armstrong, who knew each other from the underground comics scene, realized that they both enjoyed listening to — and playing — music from the 1920s and 1930s. Bringing in Armstrong's old friend Al Dodge, the trio began playing together for fun. On a subsequent trip through Milwaukee, the group met with underground publisher Denis Kitchen, who offered them the chance to cut a 78 rpm record under the name **R. Crumb and his Keep on Trucking Orchestra** (a reference to Crumb's famous *Keep on Truckin'* comic strip, which itself was a riff on the Blind Boy Fuller song "Truckin' My Blues Away").

The 78 caught the attention of Blue Goose Records, which offered to produce and release an LP of the band, which had changed its name to the **Cheap Suit Serenaders** after "hurriedly buying suits at the Salvation Army in order to meet the minimum dress code required of the band at a posh wedding." R. Crumb and his Cheap Suit Serenaders released their first album in 1974.

Over time, the trio added Dan Wheetman (later of the band Marley's Ghost), Terry Zwigoff on cello, and Tom Marion on guitar and mandolin. In 1978, Tony Marcus replaced Marion. Also in 1978, guitarist Bob Brozman came in for the band's third album.

By the mid-1980s, the group played fewer live shows because Armstrong and Crumb had moved out of the Bay Area; by the mid-1990s Crumb had moved to France.

As of 2006, R. Crumb was no longer much involved with the group; the band at that time included Robert Armstrong (vocals, musical saw, guitar), Bob Brozman (vocals, various resonator instruments, guitar, ukulele), Al (Allan) Dodge (vocals, mandolin), Terry Zwigoff (saw, cello, Stroh violin, and mandolin), and Tony Marcus (vocals, guitar, and fiddle).

Brozman died in 2013; as of 2017, the other members of the group still play annually at the Freight and Salvage, a folk-oriented concert venue in Berkeley, California.

## Discography

The band's 33⅓ rpm albums, all recorded in the 1970s on the Blue Goose Records label, were titled *R. Crumb and his Cheap Suit Serenaders* (1974), *R. Crumb and his Cheap Suit Serenaders No. 2* (1976), and *R. Crumb and his Cheap Suit Serenaders No. 3* (1978); the latter two were reissued on the Shanachie Records label in 1993 as *Chasin' Rainbows* and *Singing In the Bathtub* respectively.

As a novelty, the band issued a number of 78 rpm 10-inch singles for Blue Goose, long after the format was obsolete. The most familiar is probably *R. Crumb and his Cheap Suit Serenaders' Party Record* (1980), with the double-entendre "My Girl's Pussy" on the "A" side and X-rated "Christopher Columbus" on the "B" side.

The band's self-titled debut LP is currently out of print, though the tracks "Get a Load of This" and "Cheap Suit Special" were re-released on the *R. Crumb Music Sampler* CD, which was included with *The R. Crumb Handbook* (M Q Publications, 2005).

The band is referenced in the 2001 film *Ghost World*, directed by Zwigoff. Enid asks Seymour about the band's second album, *Chasin' Rainbows*, and Seymour replies, "Nah, that one's not so great."

The Cheap Suit Serenaders songs "Chasin' Rainbows" and "Hula Medley" were both featured on the *American Splendor (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)*, released by New Line Records in 2003. (*American Splendor* is based on the writings of Harvey Pekar, with whom R. Crumb collaborated many times.)

The Cheap Suit Serenaders' version of "My Girl's Pussy" is used as the opening theme song of the Australian television comedy series *Laid*, which premiered in 2011.

## InfoBox

| R. Crumb & His Cheap Suit Serenaders | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | United States |
| Genres |  |
| Years active | 1970s–present |
| Labels | Blue Goose, Shanachie |
|  | |
| Members | Robert Armstrong
Al Dodge
Terry Zwigoff
Tony Marcus |
|  | |
| Past members | Robert Crumb
Bob Brozman
Dan Wheetman
Tom Marion |


title: Battle of Nomae

abstract: The Battle of Nomae was fought in 450 BCE between a united Sicel army under the command of Ducetius and a Greek army of Syracuse. Ducetius was defeated and his Sicel state broke up soon after.

text:
# Battle of Nomae

The **Battle of Nomae** was fought in 450 BCE between a united Sicel army under the command of Ducetius and a Greek army of Syracuse. Ducetius was defeated and his Sicel state broke up soon after.

## Background

The Sicels were one of the original inhabitants of Sicily but their territory was slowly shrinking due to the expansion of the Greek colonies on the island, mainly Syracuse and Akragas. However, in the 450s BCE they had grown in power under a leader named Ducetius, who had united the Sicel territory under his rule. He was originally an ally of Syracuse, helping them in a war against Catana. However, as he grew in power, and also began to expand into Greek territory, Syracuse became concerned. When Ducetius attacked the other major Sicilian Greek power Akragas, the city asked Syracuse for help and Syracuse agreed.

Fielding 6,000 men along with 900 cavalry, the united Greek force commanded by Bolcon of Syracuse advanced towards Ducetius's army, which was besieging the stronghold Motyon (Motya) and met him in battle there. Recognising that he was at a numerical disadvantage, Ducetius launched a surprise attack against the Greeks at dawn and completely routed them, allowing his army to capture Motyon. Bolcon was accused of colluding with Ducetius and was subsequently executed.

## Battle

The Greeks regrouped over winter and launched a second assault in the spring of 450. Akragas moved to retake Motyon while Syracuse, who were probably fielding their full remaining army of around 4,500 to 5,500 troops, moved to engage Ducetius. The forces met at Nomae and the Greeks gained a victory this time.

## Aftermath

After the battle Ducetius was deserted by his troops and his kingdom broke apart. He surrendered himself to Syracuse, who allowed him to go into exile in Corinth. The Sicels would never pose a major threat to the Greeks in Sicily again. Syracuse and Akragas would not remain allies for long and soon began disputing control over Sicily. Ducetius would return in 446 BCE and founded the city of Kale Akte, which annoyed Akragas who used it as an excuse to go to war with Syracuse for not executing Ducetius. This would result in the Battle of the Himera River (446 BC) in which Syracuse won, becoming the dominant power in Sicily until the Second Sicilian War against Carthage.

Books

## InfoBox

| Battle of Nomae | |
| --- | --- |
| Date 450 BC  Location Nomae  Result  Greek victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Sicels | Syracuse |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Ducetius | Unknown |
| Strength | |
| Unknown | 4,500–5,500 |
| Casualties and losses | |
| Unknown | Unknown |


title: Rack 'Em Up

abstract: Rack 'Em Up, released as The Hustler in Japan, is a Billiards/Pool arcade game developed by Konami in 1987 with two game types: 9-Ball or Rotation.

text:
# Rack 'Em Up

***Rack 'Em Up***, released as ***The Hustler*** in Japan, is a Billiards/Pool arcade game developed by Konami in 1987 with two game types: 9-Ball or Rotation.

## Reception & Legacy

In Japan, *Game Machine* listed *The Hustler* on their January 1, 1988 issue as being the ninth most-successful table arcade unit of the month.

*Rack 'Em Up* was made available by Microsoft for its Game Room service for the Xbox 360 and Games for Windows – Live in May 2010.

## InfoBox

| Rack 'Em Up | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Konami |
| Publisher(s) | Konami |
| Platform(s) | Arcade |
| Release | * JP: October 1987 * NA: November 1987 |
| Genre(s) | Billiards/Pool |
| Mode(s) | Up to 2 players, alternating turns |


title: 1981–82 Northern Premier League

abstract: The 1981–82 Northern Premier League was the fourteenth season of the Northern Premier League, a regional football league in Northern England, the northern areas of the Midlands and North Wales. The season began on 15 August 1981 and concluded on 1 May 1982.

text:
# 1981–82 Northern Premier League

The **1981–82 Northern Premier League** was the fourteenth season of the Northern Premier League, a regional football league in Northern England, the northern areas of the Midlands and North Wales. The season began on 15 August 1981 and concluded on 1 May 1982.

## Overview

The League featured twenty-two clubs.

### Team changes

**The following club left the League at the end of the previous season:**

**The following club joined the League at the start of the season:**

### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Bangor City (C, P) | 42 | 27 | 8 | 7 | 108 | 60 | +48 | 62 | Promoted to Alliance Premier League |
| 2 | Mossley | 42 | 24 | 11 | 7 | 76 | 43 | +33 | 59 |  |
| 3 | Witton Albion | 42 | 22 | 10 | 10 | 75 | 44 | +31 | | 54 |
| 4 | Gateshead | 42 | 19 | 14 | 9 | 65 | 49 | +16 | | 52 |
| 5 | King's Lynn | 42 | 19 | 12 | 11 | 61 | 36 | +25 | | 50 |
| 6 | Grantham | 42 | 18 | 13 | 11 | 65 | 53 | +12 | | 49 |
| 7 | Burton Albion | 42 | 19 | 9 | 14 | 71 | 62 | +9 | | 47 |
| 8 | Southport | 42 | 16 | 14 | 12 | 63 | 55 | +8 | | 46 |
| 9 | Marine | 42 | 17 | 12 | 13 | 64 | 57 | +7 | | 46 |
| 10 | Macclesfield Town | 42 | 17 | 9 | 16 | 67 | 58 | +9 | | 43 |
| 11 | Workington | 42 | 18 | 7 | 17 | 62 | 60 | +2 | | 43 |
| 12 | Worksop Town | 42 | 15 | 13 | 14 | 52 | 60 | 8 | | 43 |
| 13 | South Liverpool | 42 | 13 | 13 | 16 | 55 | 57 | 2 | | 39 |
| 14 | Goole Town | 42 | 13 | 13 | 16 | 56 | 60 | 4 | | 39 |
| 15 | Oswestry Town | 42 | 14 | 11 | 17 | 55 | 59 | 4 | | 39 |
| 16 | Buxton | 42 | 14 | 11 | 17 | 48 | 56 | 8 | | 39 |
| 17 | Lancaster City (R) | 42 | 13 | 12 | 17 | 47 | 50 | 3 | 38 | Relegated to NWCL Division One |
| 18 | Gainsborough Trinity | 42 | 10 | 13 | 19 | 60 | 69 | 9 | 33 |  |
| 19 | Tamworth | 42 | 10 | 9 | 23 | 31 | 56 | 25 | | 29 |
| 20 | Morecambe | 42 | 9 | 11 | 22 | 43 | 86 | 43 | | 29 |
| 21 | Matlock Town | 42 | 7 | 12 | 23 | 38 | 72 | 34 | | 26 |
| 22 | Netherfield | 42 | 5 | 9 | 28 | 31 | 91 | 60 | | 19 |

Updated to match(es) played on 1 May 1982. Source: The Football Archives
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored. The points system up until the 1982–83 season: 2 points for a win, 1 point for a draw and 0 points for losing.
(C) Champions; (P) Promoted; (R) Relegated

### Results

| Home \ Away | BAN | BRT | BUX | GAI | GAT | GOO | GRN | KLY | LNC | MAC | MAR | MAT | MOR | MOS | NET | OSW | SLI | SOU | TAM | WTN | WRK | WKS |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bangor City |  | 3–2 | 3–1 | 2–1 | 3–1 | 3–0 | 3–1 | 2–0 | 2–1 | 4–4 | 2–1 | 2–1 | 5–2 | 2–1 | 2–0 | 0–0 | 3–1 | 4–2 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 4–1 | 2–1 |
| Burton Albion | 2–2 |  | 1–0 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 3–1 | 1–1 | 1–0 | 0–0 | 4–1 | 1–1 | 2–2 | 3–1 | 0–2 | 5–1 | 3–1 | 4–2 | 0–2 | 0–3 | 2–1 | 2–2 | 2–0 |
| Buxton | 1–0 | 5–1 |  | 2–1 | 0–0 | 1–0 | 2–3 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 0–4 | 1–2 | 0–0 | 1–2 | 1–2 | 1–1 | 1–0 | 1–2 | 3–1 | 1–1 | 3–3 | 2–1 | 6–1 |
| Gainsborough Trinity | 4–5 | 4–3 | 0–0 |  | 1–1 | 2–2 | 4–1 | 1–3 | 1–2 | 1–4 | 2–2 | 2–1 | 2–0 | 0–1 | 3–1 | 1–2 | 2–0 | 4–0 | 0–0 | 0–1 | 4–2 | 3–0 |
| Gateshead United | 3–3 | 2–4 | 2–0 | 3–2 |  | 0–0 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 0–0 | 2–1 | 3–2 | 1–0 | 4–0 | 0–1 | 4–0 | 0–0 | 2–1 | 0–0 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 4–1 | 0–0 |
| Goole Town | 0–1 | 4–1 | 2–1 | 2–2 | 3–0 |  | 0–2 | 0–4 | 3–1 | 2–2 | 1–1 | 3–2 | 4–0 | 1–1 | 0–1 | 4–1 | 2–0 | 2–2 | 0–1 | 1–0 | 1–0 | 0–3 |
| Grantham | 2–2 | 1–2 | 2–0 | 3–0 | 2–1 | 1–1 |  | 2–2 | 1–0 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 1–2 | 0–0 | 2–2 | 1–1 | 2–1 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 4–2 | 1–1 |
| King's Lynn | 2–0 | 3–0 | 4–1 | 3–0 | 1–0 | 2–0 | 3–0 |  | 2–1 | 1–1 | 1–2 | 2–2 | 1–1 | 3–1 | 0–1 | 0–0 | 2–2 | 0–0 | 1–0 | 1–0 | 3–1 | 1–1 |
| Lancaster City | 0–3 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 1–1 | 2–3 | 0–0 | 1–2 | 1–2 |  | 1–0 | 3–2 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 1–2 | 1–0 | 1–2 | 2–1 | 0–1 | 1–0 |
| Macclesfield Town | 4–0 | 1–2 | 3–1 | 1–1 | 0–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 2–1 | 4–2 |  | 1–1 | 0–1 | 2–1 | 3–0 | 3–0 | 3–2 | 2–1 | 1–1 | 3–1 | 0–2 | 0–3 | 4–2 |
| Marine | 2–1 | 1–1 | 2–1 | 2–2 | 3–1 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 1–0 | 0–0 | 3–0 |  | 1–1 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–2 | 0–1 | 3–1 | 1–4 | 2–1 | 2–3 | 1–0 | 1–1 |
| Matlock Town | 2–7 | 0–1 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 1–5 | 1–0 | 0–4 | 1–3 | 2–1 | 0–1 | 3–0 |  | 1–1 | 2–2 | 1–0 | 0–1 | 0–2 | 1–4 | 2–0 | 1–2 | 1–2 | 0–1 |
| Morecambe | 0–9 | 1–2 | 0–0 | 0–2 | 2–3 | 2–2 | 3–1 | 0–0 | 1–4 | 1–2 | 3–2 | 0–3 |  | 1–2 | 2–1 | 2–1 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 1–0 | 1–3 | 0–0 | 0–0 |
| Mossley | 6–1 | 1–0 | 3–0 | 5–2 | 1–1 | 2–1 | 3–1 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 1–0 | 3–1 | 1–1 | 3–2 |  | 4–2 | 2–0 | 4–1 | 4–2 | 4–0 | 2–2 | 1–3 | 1–0 |
| Netherfield | 1–5 | 0–5 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 2–3 | 0–2 | 2–2 | 0–2 | 1–3 | 1–1 | 0–1 | 3–0 | 1–5 | 2–2 |  | 0–1 | 1–0 | 1–3 | 0–1 | 0–2 | 1–2 | 1–3 |
| Oswestry Town | 1–2 | 2–1 | 5–2 | 2–1 | 3–0 | 2–0 | 0–4 | 2–3 | 0–0 | 2–0 | 2–2 | 4–0 | 1–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 |  | 2–3 | 2–0 | 2–1 | 0–2 | 3–2 | 0–2 |
| South Liverpool | 3–3 | 3–1 | 0–1 | 3–0 | 1–1 | 3–1 | 0–3 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 1–0 | 0–3 | 3–0 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 4–0 | 2–0 |  | 0–1 | 0–0 | 1–2 | 3–2 | 0–1 |
| Southport | 2–1 | 2–1 | 0–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–1 | 1–1 | 2–3 | 2–2 | 1–0 | 1–1 | 2–1 | 1–0 | 0–2 | 2–2 | 1–1 |  | 1–1 | 2–1 | 0–0 | 4–1 |
| Tamworth | 1–4 | 2–3 | 0–0 | 2–1 | 0–1 | 0–0 | 1–2 | 0–2 | 1–0 | 0–2 | 0–1 | 2–1 | 0–1 | 0–2 | 3–0 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 0–3 |  | 1–2 | 0–0 | 1–1 |
| Witton Albion | 1–0 | 1–2 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 0–1 | 2–3 | 1–1 | 1–0 | 1–1 | 3–0 | 5–2 | 0–0 | 5–1 | 1–0 | 6–0 | 2–1 | 2–1 | 4–3 | 5–1 |  | 2–1 | 3–0 |
| Workington | 0–1 | 1–0 | 0–1 | 1–0 | 3–4 | 2–4 | 1–1 | 2–1 | 3–2 | 1–0 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 7–1 | 0–1 | 1–0 | 1–1 | 2–2 | 3–2 | 1–0 | 1–0 |  | 2–0 |
| Worksop Town | 1–6 | 0–0 | 1–2 | 1–0 | 1–1 | 3–3 | 0–1 | 2–1 | 1–0 | 3–2 | 2–2 | 1–1 | 2–1 | 0–2 | 3–0 | 2–1 | 2–2 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 3–0 | 2–1 |  |

Updated to match(es) played on 1 May 1982. Source: The Football Archives
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.

### Stadia and locations

Bangor CityBurton AlbionBuxtonGainsborough TrinityGateshead UnitedGoole TownGranthamKing's LynnLancaster CityMacclesfield TownMarineMatlock TownMorecambeMossleyNetherfieldOswestry TownSouth LiverpoolSouthportTamworthWitton AlbionWorkingtonWorksop Townclass=notpageimage|Locations of the 1981–82 Northern Premier League teams

| Club | Stadium |
| --- | --- |
| Bangor City | Farrar Road |
| Burton Albion | Eton Park |
| Buxton | The Silverlands |
| Gainsborough Trinity | The Northolme |
| Gateshead United | Gateshead Youth Stadium |
| Goole Town | Victoria Pleasure Ground |
| Grantham | London Road |
| King's Lynn | The Walks |
| Lancaster City | Great Axe |
| Macclesfield Town | Moss Rose |
| Marine | Rossett Park |
| Matlock Town | Causeway Lane |
| Morecambe | Christie Park |
| Mossley | Seel Park |
| Netherfield | Parkside |
| Oswestry Town | Victoria Road |
| South Liverpool | Holly Park |
| Southport | Haig Avenue |
| Tamworth | The Lamb Ground |
| Witton Albion | Central Ground |
| Workington | Borough Park |
| Worksop Town | Central Avenue |

## Cup results

### Challenge Cup

| Home Team | Score | Away Team |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gainsborough Trinity | 1–0 | Mossley |

### President's Cup

| Home Team | Score | Away Team |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Buxton | 4–3 | Goole Town |

### Northern Premier League Shield

Between Champions of NPL Premier Division and Winners of the NPL Cup.

| Home Team | Score | Away Team |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bangor City | ?-? | Gainsborough Trinity |

### FA Cup

None of the twenty-two **Northern Premier League** clubs reached the second round:

**First Round**

| Home Team | Score | Away Team |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Stockport County | 3–1 | **Mossley** |  |
| **Workington** | 1–1 | Huddersfield Town |  |
| Huddersfield Town | 5–0 | **Workington** | Replay |

### FA Trophy

None of the twenty-two **Northern Premier League** clubs reached the fourth round:

**Third Round**

| Home Team | Score | Away Team |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Altrincham | 2–0 | **Mossley** |
| Bishop's Stortford | 6–1 | **Witton Albion** |

## End of the season

At the end of the fourteenth season of the **Northern Premier League**, **Bangor City** applied to join the Alliance Premier League and were successful.

### Promotion and relegation

**The following two clubs left the League at the end of the season:**

**The following two clubs joined the League the following season:**

## InfoBox

Northern Premier League
| Season | 1981–82 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Bangor City |
| Promoted | Bangor City |
| Relegated | Lancaster City |
| Matches played | 462 |
| Goals scored | 1,293 (2.8 per match) |
| Biggest home win | Workington 7–1 Morecambe
(29 September 1981)
Witton Albion 6–0 Netherfield
(23 February 1982) |
| Biggest away win | Morecambe 0–9 Bangor City
(21 September 1981) |
| Highest scoring | Gainsborough Trinity 4–5 Bangor City
(22 August 1981)
Morecambe 0–9 Bangor City
(21 September 1981)

Morecambe 2–7 Bangor City
(31 October 1981) |
| 1980–81 1982–83 | |


title: Chantry Division, Suffolk

abstract: Chantry Division is an electoral division of Suffolk which returns two county councillors to Suffolk County Council.

text:
# Chantry Division, Suffolk

**Chantry Division** is an electoral division of Suffolk which returns two county councillors to Suffolk County Council.

## Geography

It is located in the South West Area of Ipswich and consists of Gipping Ward, Sprites Ward and Stoke Park Ward of Ipswich Borough Council.

## History

The seat had been historically a safe Labour seat however since the 2005 boundary changes it has become swing seat that the Conservative have carried twice. It is set to be replaced in 2025 by the new Belstead Hills and Gipping divisions.

## Boundaries and boundary changes

### 1985–2005

### 2005–present

## Members for Chantry

### Two Seats (1973–85)

| Member | | Party | Term | Member | | Party | Term |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | A Ross | Labour | 1973–1981 |  | M Cartwright | Labour | 1973–1977 |
| | | | |  | T Payne | Labour | 1977–1985 |
| | | | |  | G Bulding | Labour | 1981–1985 |

### One Seat (1985–2005)

| Member | | Party | Term |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | J Wells | Labour | 1985–1989 |
|  | Susan Thomas | Labour | 1989–2005 |

### Two Seats (2005–present)

| Member | | Party | Term | Member | | Party | Term |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Keith Rawlingson | Labour | 2005–2009 |  | Bryony Rudkin | Labour | 2005–2009 |
|  | Paul West | Conservative | 2009–2013 |  | Peter Gardiner | Labour | 2009–2021 |
|  | Helen Armitage | Labour | 2013–2021 | | | | |
|  | Nadia Cenci | Conservative | 2021–present |  | Nathan Wilson | Conservative | 2021–present |

## Election results

### Elections in the 2020s

2021 Suffolk County Council election: Chantry
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Nadia Cenci** | **2,895** | **48.5** | **+8.6** |
|  | **Conservative** | **Nathan Wilson** | **2,337** |  |  |
|  | Labour | Helen Armitage * | 2,255 | 37.8 | –4.7 |
|  | Labour | Peter Gardiner * | 1,970 |  |  |
|  | Green | Martin Hynes | 529 | 8.9 | *N/A* |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Adam Merritt | 291 | 4.9 | –0.3 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Lucy Drake | 281 |  |  |
| Majority | | | 640 | 10.7 |  |
| Turnout | | | 5,777 | 34.4 | +2.9 |
| Registered electors | | | 16,793 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **gain** from Labour | | | | |
|  | Conservative **gain** from Labour | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Chantry | |
| --- | --- |
| County Council constituency
for the Suffolk County Council | |
| District | Ipswich |
| Region | East of England |
| Population | 23,059 (2019) |
| Electorate | 16,785 (2021) |
| Major settlements | Chantry, Stoke Park |
| Current constituency | |
| Created | 1973 |
| Seats | 2 |
| Councillor | Nadia Cenci (Conservative)
Nathan Wilson (Conservative) |
| Local council | Ipswich Borough Council |
| Replaced by | Belstead Hills, Gipping |


title: Chapslee Estate

abstract: Chapslee Estate is a small locality adjacent to the Lakkar Bazaar in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India. The estate houses the erstwhile Secretary's Lodge which is now a heritage hotel run by the erstwhile Maharaja of Kapurthala.

text:
# Chapslee Estate

**Chapslee Estate** is a small locality adjacent to the Lakkar Bazaar in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India. The estate houses the erstwhile Secretary's Lodge which is now a heritage hotel run by the erstwhile Maharaja of Kapurthala.

## History

Chapslee is one of the oldest estates in Shimla having been built between 1828 and 1835. It was built by Doctor Blake, a surgeon in the service of the British East India Company.

Lord Auckland, Governor General of the East India Company Territories, was a resident of the adjoining Auckland House. Finding the accommodation insufficient, he took this property first on rent and later purchased it in 1836, to house his private & Military Secretaries, ‘Aides De Camps’ (ADC's) and named it ‘Secretary’s Lodge’.

The Estate now has a school on it, and the home is run as an exclusive, heritage home by the owner Kanwar Ratanjit Singh and his family. He is the grandson of Raja Charanjit Singh of Kapurthala.

## First Anglo-Afghan War

In June 1838, a tripartite treaty between the Government of India, Ranjit Singh and Shah Shuja was signed for the latter's restoration. Following this, Lord Auckland issued the Simla Manifesto announcing the intention of the Government of India to restore Shah Shuja to the throne of Afghanistan.

The ‘Simlah Manifesto’, declaring the first war with Afghanistan, was issued from ‘Secretary’s Lodge’ on 1 October 1838. Lord Ellenborough, who succeeded Lord Auckland as Governor General acknowledged the failure of Lord Auckland's policy in Afghanistan. On 1 October 1842, precisely four years after the issue of the Simla Manifesto, the Government proclaimed its altered intentions.

Lord Hardinge, who succeeded Lord Ellenborough as Governor General, continued to use Secretary's Lodge as the Government Secretariat. General Peter Innes of the Bengal Army purchased Secretary's Lodge in 1848 and changed its name to **Chapslee**. General Innes sold the house in 1870 and, thereafter, it changed hands every few years and served as the residence of famous persons, including Colonel William Gordon (around 1877), Sir Courtenay Ilbert, General Pemberton, General Sir C. E. Nairne, Surgeon-General Bradshaw, Surgeon-General Cleghorn and so on.

Sir Arthur Mitford Ker, CIE, MVO, manager of the Alliance Bank, eventually purchased it in 1896, and improved its looks to the way it stands today. He not only retained the original structure but enlarged it significantly.

Raja Charanjit Singh of Kapurthala purchased the estate after the demise of Sir Arthur Mitford Ker. He converted it to his summer residence and refurnished the interiors. Raja Charanjit Singh died in 1970.

Kanwar Ratanjit Singh, the grandson of the Late Raja Charanjit Singh of Kapurthala, is the present owner. He started a school, known as ‘Chapslee School’, on the premises in 1973 and converted the estate to a hotel in 1976. Chapslee was one of the first ‘heritage hotels’ in India.

Parts of the estate were sold to different people in the 1970s post the land ceiling act imposed by the Government of India.

In keeping with the rule of restricted roads in Shimla, only vehicles with special permit are allowed to ply through the estate road.

The estate is en route to Longwood, a residential locality of Shimla.

## In news

Chapslee Estate featured on CNN in season 3 episode 1 "Punjab, India" of *Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown*, which was broadcast on 13 April 2014.

## Notes and references

31°06′32″N 77°10′44″E / 31.109°N 77.179°E / 31.109; 77.179


title: Simonsberg, Germany

abstract: Simonsberg is a municipality in the district of Nordfriesland, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

text:
# Simonsberg, Germany

**Simonsberg** is a municipality in the district of Nordfriesland, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

## InfoBox

| Simonsberg | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Aerial view | |
| Location of Simonsberg within Nordfriesland district | |
| Simonsberg Simonsberg | |
| Coordinates: 54°26′6″N 8°58′42″E / 54.43500°N 8.97833°E / 54.43500; 8.97833 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Schleswig-Holstein |
| District | Nordfriesland |
| Municipal assoc. | Nordsee-Treene |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Erwin Kröger |
| Area | |
| Total | 17.09 km2 (6.60 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 5 m (16 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 821 |
| Density | 48/km2 (120/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 25813 |
| Dialling codes | 04841 |
| Vehicle registration | NF |


title: Charles-Joseph Loeillard d'Avrigny

abstract: Charles-Joseph Loeillard d'Avrigny was a French poet and librettist. He was married to the soprano Rose Renaud.

text:
# Charles-Joseph Loeillard d'Avrigny

**Charles-Joseph Loeillard d'Avrigny** (c. 1760 in Martinique – 17 September 1823) was a French poet and librettist. He was married to the soprano Rose Renaud.

## Works

* 1790: *Les Brouilleries*, opéra comique, composed by Henri-Montan Berton
* 1793: *Eugène ou la Piété filiale, opéra-comique*, also composed by Henri-Montan Berton
* 1794: *La Lettre*, one-act comedy, in prose and vaudevilles, Paris, Libraire au Théâtre du vaudeville
* 1807: *Le Départ de La Pérouse ou les Navigateurs modernes*, poem, Paris, Léopold Collin
* 1812: *Poésies nationales*, Paris, Le Normant
* 1819: *Jeanne d'Arc à Rouen*, five-act tragady, in verse, Paris, Ladvocat
* 1846: *Une expiation*, four-act drama, mingled with song, Bruxelles, J.A. Lelong
* *Tableau historique des commencements et des progrès de la puissance britannique dans les Indes*.

## Sources

* Ferdinand Hoefer, *Nouvelle biographie universelle*, Paris, Didot, 1858, (p. 881).
* Jacques-Alphonse Mahul, *Annuaire nécrologique, ou Supplément annuel et continuation de toutes les biographies ou dictionnaires historiques*, 4e année, 1823, Paris : Ponthieu, 1824, (pp. 14-15) .


title: Pedro Altube

abstract: Pedro de Altube Idigoras was a Basque-born American rancher who established, along with his brother Bernardo, the renowned Spanish Ranch in northwestern Nevada. Pedro Altube and his brother Bernardo had emigrated from Spain to Argentina and from there, in 1849, he joined the rush for gold in California, amassing a small fortune not only in the mining camps but in very lucrative cattle and dairy operations. The Altube brothers then established a ranch in northeastern Nevada — the extensive and prosperous Spanish Ranch in Independence Valley, Elko County, near Tuscarora. Pedro died sudden and unexpectedly of a stroke in 1905, and was interred in the family vault in Holy Cross Cemetery in Colma. In 1960, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum as the "Father of Basques in America".

text:
# Pedro Altube

**Pedro de Altube Idigoras** (April 27, 1827 – August 8, 1905) was a Basque-born American rancher who established, along with his brother Bernardo, the renowned Spanish Ranch in northwestern Nevada. Pedro Altube and his brother Bernardo had emigrated from Spain to Argentina and from there, in 1849, he joined the rush for gold in California, amassing a small fortune not only in the mining camps but in very lucrative cattle and dairy operations. The Altube brothers then established a ranch in northeastern Nevada — the extensive and prosperous Spanish Ranch in Independence Valley, Elko County, near Tuscarora.

Pedro died sudden and unexpectedly of a stroke in 1905, and was interred in the family vault in Holy Cross Cemetery in Colma.

In 1960, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum as the "Father of Basques in America".

## InfoBox

| Pedro Altube | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1827-04-27)April 27, 1827
Oñati, Gipuzkoa, Spain |
| Died | August 8, 1905(1905-08-08) (aged 78)
San Francisco, California, United States |
| Occupation | Rancher |
| Parent(s) | Joaquín de Altube Balenzategi, and Micaela Idigoras Eraña |


title: Center Arbor

abstract:
Center Arbor is a historic Methodist tabernacle located at Center, Davie County, North Carolina. It was built in 1876, and is a large, open, rectangular timber-framed structure four bays wide and
eight bays deep. It measures approximately 60 feet wide and 80 feet deep. The tabernacle is associated with Center United Methodist Church and was the site of camp meeting revivals. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

text:
# Center Arbor

**Center Arbor** is a historic Methodist tabernacle located at Center, Davie County, North Carolina. It was built in 1876, and is a large, open, rectangular timber-framed structure four bays wide and eight bays deep. It measures approximately 60 feet wide and 80 feet deep. The tabernacle is associated with Center United Methodist Church and was the site of camp meeting revivals.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Center Arbor | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Southern end | |
|  | |
| Location | Jct. of US 64 and NC 1150, NW corner, Center, North Carolina |
| Coordinates | 35°54′42″N 80°37′14″W / 35.91167°N 80.62056°W / 35.91167; -80.62056 |
| Area | 1.1 acres (0.45 ha) |
| Built | 1876 (1876) |
| NRHP reference No. | 91001168 |
| Added to NRHP | September 3, 1991 |


title: The Voice, The Guitar, The Songs Tour

abstract: The Voice, The Guitar, The Songs Tour was a co-headlining concert tour by Latin rock band Santana and Rod Stewart. The tour began on May 23, 2014, and ended on August 20, 2014, with a time-out for most of the month of June, during which Stewart headlined the Rod Stewart Live tour which played five United Kingdom venues, and for all but the last day of July. The tour had $6,100,000 in sales.

text:
# The Voice, The Guitar, The Songs Tour

**The Voice, The Guitar, The Songs Tour** was a co-headlining concert tour by Latin rock band Santana and Rod Stewart. The tour began on May 23, 2014, and ended on August 20, 2014, with a time-out for most of the month of June, during which Stewart headlined the *Rod Stewart Live* tour which played five United Kingdom venues, and for all but the last day of July. The tour had $6,100,000 in sales.

## Tour dates

| Date | City | Country | Venue | Tickets sold / Available | Revenue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **North America** | | | | | |
| May 23, 2014 | Albany | United States | Times Union Center |  |  |
| May 25, 2014 | Uncasville | | Mohegan Sun Arena |  |  |
| May 27, 2014 | Pittsburgh | | Consol Energy Center | 13,000 / 13,000 |  |
| May 31, 2014 | Buffalo | | First Niagara Center |  |  |
| June 3, 2014 | Louisville | | KFC Yum! Center |  |  |
| June 6, 2014 | St. Louis | | Scottrade Center |  |  |
| June 7, 2014 | Lincoln | | Pinnacle Bank Arena |  |  |
| July 31, 2014 | Eugene | | Matthew Knight Arena |  |  |
| August 2, 2014 | Vancouver | Canada | Rogers Arena | 12,191 / 12,191 | $1,093,946 |
| August 4, 2014 | Calgary | | Scotiabank Saddledome | 10,771 / 10,771 | $949,822 |
| August 5, 2014 | Edmonton | | Rexall Place | 11,760 / 11,760 | $1,040,421 |
| August 8, 2014 | Winnipeg | | MTS Centre | 10,621 / 10,621 | $916,953 |
| August 10, 2014 | Saint Paul | United States | Xcel Energy Center |  |  |
| August 12, 2014 | Greenwood Village | | Fiddler's Green Amphitheatre |  |  |
| August 14, 2014 | Kansas City | | Sprint Center |  |  |
| August 16, 2014 | Rosemont | | Allstate Arena | 11,852 / 11,852 | $1,206,697 |
| August 19, 2014 | Washington, D.C. | | Verizon Center | 12,155 / 12,155 | $977,806 |
| August 20, 2014 | Wantagh | | Nikon at Jones Beach Theater |  |  |

Cancellations and rescheduled shows

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| May 30, 2014 | Charlottesville | United States | John Paul Jones Arena | Cancelled |

## InfoBox

The Voice, The Guitar, The Songs Tour
| Tour by Santana & Rod Stewart | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Start date | May 23, 2014 (2014-05-23) |
| End date | August 20, 2014 (2014-08-20) |
| Legs | 2 |
| No. of shows | 18 |
| Santana tour chronology  Corazón Tour
(2014) **The Voice, The Guitar, The Songs Tour**
(2014) Corazón Tour
(2014–2015)   Rod Stewart tour chronology  Live the Life Tour
(2013) **The Voice, The Guitar, The Songs Tour**
(2014) The Hits Tour
(2014–2015) | |


title: Psednometopum aldabrense

abstract: Psednometopum aldabrense is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Psednometopum of the family Tephritidae.

text:
# Psednometopum aldabrense

***Psednometopum aldabrense*** is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus *Psednometopum* of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Seychelles.

## InfoBox

| *Psednometopum aldabrense* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tephritidae |
| Subfamily: | Tephritinae |
| Tribe: | Tephrellini |
| Genus: | *Psednometopum* |
| Species: | ***P. aldabrense*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Psednometopum aldabrense***<br>(Lamb, 1914) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Tephritis aldabrensis* Lamb, 1914 | |


title: Democracy (video game)

abstract: Democracy is a government simulation game that was first developed by Positech Games in 2005, with a sequel released in December 2007, a third game in 2013 and a fourth in 2022. The player becomes the president or prime minister of a democratic government. The player must introduce and alter policies in seven areas – tax, economy, welfare, foreign policy, transport, law and order and public services. Each policy has an effect on the happiness of various voter groups, as well as affecting factors such as crime and air quality. The player has to deal with "situations", which are typically problems such as petrol protests or homelessness, and also has to make decisions on dilemmas that arise on each turn.

text:
# Democracy (video game)

***Democracy*** is a government simulation game that was first developed by Positech Games in 2005, with a sequel released in December 2007, a third game in 2013 and a fourth in 2022. The player becomes the president or prime minister of a democratic government. The player must introduce and alter policies in seven areas – tax, economy, welfare, foreign policy, transport, law and order and public services. Each policy has an effect on the happiness of various voter groups, as well as affecting factors such as crime and air quality. The player has to deal with "situations", which are typically problems such as petrol protests or homelessness, and also has to make decisions on dilemmas that arise on each turn.

## Gameplay

After deciding which nation to play as, the player must win the support of various factions which make up the electorate, including the religious, patriotic, parents, capitalists, socialists, liberals, conservatives and others, and thus win the ensuing elections that take place. The player introduces policies and uses sliders to change the amount of government funding, level of a tax or generally the law and regulations in that particular area. Of course, because each individual person belongs to several factions (e.g.: a Poor Conservative Smoker who is a Patriot or a Rich, Socialist person who is also a Drinker), it is practically impossible to control all the voters. Before each general election, two promises are made by the player to the electorate (e.g.: reduce unemployment by 10%). If the player has not kept these promises by the next election, the people become annoyed and cynicism increases.

To make policy changes, the player must spend political capital, which is earned by loyal ministers.

The player must also try to balance the budget and pay off the country's debts without losing votes and causing tax evasion due to very high taxes.

There are also many events, dilemmas and situations in the game which the player must deal with. An example of an event might be the curing of a disease, a dilemma may be whom to appoint as a senior judge and a situation may be high levels of pollution. An event happens, sometimes due to policies. However the player doesn't take part; they simply profit or suffer from it. A dilemma is an important decision which must be resolved for the turn to be ended and situations are ongoing conditions which must be dealt with or helped and enjoyed.

## Modding

The games designer has described the code behind the game as being based on a neural network. This has allowed the game to be very easily modded, and most of the 'game logic' in it is openly editable in simple text CSV files, allowing players to change the way the core mechanics of the game operate. A number of mods have been released for both the first and second game in the series, and are generally released on the Positech forum. Mods have included new countries (and real countries for *Democracy 2*) and the addition of factors such as inflation, as well as enhancement of the voter cynicism factor in *Democracy 2*.

## Sequels

### Democracy 2

A sequel to the game was released in December 2007, which, while very similar to the original in terms of gameplay, differs in that it uses fictional nations. It has numerous new features, including cabinet ministers, more policy debates, and real-world statistical data.

### Democracy 3

In October 2013, *Democracy 3* was released. In late 2015 Positech announced an 'expandalone' for the game set entirely in Africa, with a different simulation model, music and graphics entitled *Democracy 3: Africa*.

### Democracy 4

The Alpha Release was made available in early August 2020. The United Kingdom, Germany and United States were initially the only selectable countries to play, with later development granting access to playing as Spain, Italy, Canada, Australia and France. The game was released on October 6, 2020 for early access on Steam and GOG.com with the final version being released on January 13, 2022. In addition to the aforementioned countries, Japan and South Korea are playable as well. Supplemental add-ons have been made giving each country unique dynamics with buffs and debuffs as well as new in-game events. Other added touches include making the game more mod friendly.

Democracy 4 uses an in-house developed game engine coded in C++ using Visual Studio by two programmers in the UK, Cliff Harris and Jeff Sheen. Artwork, SFX and Music was provided by third parties. Uses some middleware for sound playback, and also to render vector artwork and Unicode fonts.

## Release and reception

The original game was released in 2007 in the United States by Tri-Synergy, with added events and policies, and a special mode in which the player controls a fictional nation. The game received "mixed" reviews, according to game aggregator Metacritic. Website Game Tunnel scored the game 8/10 overall, stating "losing a game of *Democracy* is almost as rewarding as winning your next election" and "there is always the motivation to do better next time". The website also awarded *Democracy* its own 2005 'Simulation Game of the Year' award. About.com rated the game 3.5/5 and said "*Democracy* does exactly what it sets out to do - get you thinking about how even small changes effect \[sic\] different groups of people".

*Democracy 3* also received "mixed" reviews, according to Metacritic. While Polish magazine *CD-Action* stated that the game "does much more for understanding democracy than any citizenship lesson," Daniel Schindel's critical review for *Unwinnable* noted several inaccuracies concerning the in-game effects of imposing death penalty, legalizing drugs, and strong labor laws. A spin-off game, titled *Democracy 3: Africa*, was quietly released in early 2016. The game focused entirely on nations on the continent of Africa and added features to address the corruption, authoritarianism, military dictatorships, and female genital mutilation that is abundant on the continent. Players are tasked with fixing these issues, or regressing further into a dictatorship.

In September 2018, Positech Games announced an updated version of the game, in the form of *Democracy 4*, which was released in early access in 2020. This title, as with the spin-off, *Democracy: Africa*, was produced by a joint venture between Positech Games and Stargazy Studios. In addition to *Democracy: Africa*, Stargazy previously provided translation and localization services for *Democracy 3*. New features added to *Democracy 4* included simulated corruption, crackdowns on political freedoms and free speech, and authoritarianism. Events and decisions in the game were updated to reflect the passage of time between the release of *Democracy 3* and *Democracy 4*.

Two days before the 2024 United Kingdom general election, Julian Benson, writing in The Guardian, took key features from the three main election manifestos and ran them through a *Democracy 4* simulation. Benson used the builtin defaults and demographics and attempted to match specific policies as closely as possible to the supported gameplay. The simulator steps forward every 3 months and policy changes are deemed to act without lag. The overall picture that emerged, while not a prognosis, was far from encouraging, despite very different emphases in policy proscriptions from the three political parties referenced.

## InfoBox

| Democracy | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Positech Games
Red Marble Games (Mac) |
| Publisher(s) | Positech Games, Tri-Synergy |
| Platform(s) | Linux, Windows, Macintosh |
| Release | ***Democracy***
**Positech Games**
April 17, 2005
***Democracy 2***
**Positech Games**
December 7, 2007

***Democracy 3***
**Positech Games**
October 14, 2013

***Democracy 3: Africa***
**Positech Games**
April 12, 2016

***Democracy 4***
**Positech Games**
October 6, 2020 (early release)
January 12, 2022 |
| Genre(s) | Government simulation, social simulation |
| Mode(s) | Single player |


title: R. Crombie Saunders

abstract: Robert Crombie Saunders was a poet, editor, journalist and teacher, and a significant figure in the Scottish Renaissance of the 20th century. His poetry is in both English and Scots, and he identified with the 'Lallans' movement, which sought to revive Scots as a serious literary medium.

text:
# R. Crombie Saunders

**Robert Crombie Saunders** (23 April 1914 – 14 February 1991) was a poet, editor, journalist and teacher, and a significant figure in the Scottish Renaissance of the 20th century. His poetry is in both English and Scots, and he identified with the 'Lallans' movement, which sought to revive Scots as a serious literary medium.

## Biographical

Born in Glasgow, R. Crombie Saunders was educated at Hillhead High School and Glasgow University, graduating MA in 1937. From 1938-39 he was an Assistant Editor with Blackie & Son. Ruled unfit for military service on health grounds, he was employed during the war as private secretary to David Archer, publisher (1941–42) and as an Employment Officer in the Ministry of Labour and National Service (1942–43). He edited *Scottish Art and Letters* (with J. D. Fergusson as Art Editor) from 1944–48, a total of four issues, with the fifth issue being edited by Hugh MacDiarmid (C.M. Grieve). In 1944 he edited the *Selected Poems of Hugh MacDiarmid.* He was associate and literary editor of the left-wing paper *Forward* from 1947-59. From 1948-53 he edited *The Scottish Angler*, and was Angling Correspondent for the *Daily Herald* from 1954-57. He was also editor of *Scots Independent* from 1953-54. From 1958 he was a short story assessor and children's books reviewer for the BBC.

In 1952, he moved to a small cottage in the Perthshire Highlands. With a growing family to support, he retrained as a teacher, and taught first at Balquhidder Primary, then Killin Junior Secondary before moving to Callander, where he was part of the English department at McLaren High until his retirement. His last years were spent in Killin, Perthshire.

## Literary connections

Saunders was friends with many of the major players in the Scottish Renaissance, including Sydney Goodsir Smith, Sorley McLean, Douglas Young, Alexander Scott, C. M. Grieve (Hugh MacDiarmid) and in particular Norman MacCaig, whom he introduced to MacDiarmid. He and MacCaig shared an interest in angling as well as poetry, and MacCaig accompanied his researches for *A Guide to the Fishing Inns of Scotland* (1950). However, chronic ill health and geographical isolation meant that Saunders was never a regular with the 'Rose Street poets,' and his friendships went beyond that circle to include writers such as Moray McLaren. Ian Hamilton Finlay was another close friend, and wrote his obituary in the Glasgow Herald. Towards the end of his life, he renewed his acquaintance with the poet W.S. Graham, and they exchanged regular correspondence and audiotapes of their work.

## Poetry

R. Crombie Saunders' work can be found in many contemporary poetry journals and in anthologies of modern Scottish verse. His first poetry collection was *The Year's Green Edge* in 1955. This was followed by *XXI Poems* containing most of his poems in Scots. After a long silence, he published *This One Tree* in 1986, containing most of his poetry since the fifties as well as some earlier uncollected pieces.

The *Collected Poems*, edited by his son Donald G. Saunders, was published in 2022.

Whether in Scots or English, the poetry is characterised by a respect for, and sensitivity too, form and rhythm; this applies to his later 'free verse' as much as to his earlier metrical work. Recurrent themes are the lyrical concerns of love and loss, time and memory. Some, like *Above the Formidable Tomb* and *Had I Twa Herts*, are profoundly metaphysical. He also wrote a poem in Middle Scots (*Ressaif My Saul*), and gently satirised some of his contemporaries in *Doun the Watter wi the Lave*. His most anthologised piece has been *The Empty Glen*, a poem about the Highland Clearances which he came to look on as his 'Daffodils.'

## Publications

* (Ed.) Selected Poems of Hugh MacDiarmid (William McLellan, 1944)
* A Guide to the Fishing Inns of Scotland (Kaye, 1951)
* The Year's Green Edge (Contemporary Poetry XV, 1955)
* XXI Poems (M. Macdonald, Edinburgh, 1955),
* This One Tree (privately published, 1986)
* Collected Poems (edited by Donald G Saunders and with a critical introduction by Ian Spring) (Rymour Books, 2022)

### Anthologies

*Modern Scottish Poetry* (ed. Maurice Lindsay); *Scottish Verse 1851-1951* (ed. Douglas Young, 1952); *Honour'd Shade* (ed. Norman McCaig, 1959); *The Oxford Book of Scottish Verse* (ed. John MacQueen and Tom Scott, 1966); *Poems Addressed to Hugh MacDiarmid and Presented to Him on His Seventy-Fifth birthday* (ed. Duncan Glen, 1967); *Contemporary Scottish Verse* (ed. Norman MacCaig and Alexander Scott, 1970); *The New Makars* (ed. Tom Hubbard, 1991); *The Edinburgh Book of 20th Century Scottish Poets* (Ed. Maurice Lindsay and Lesley Duncan, 2005).