title: Cross-figure

abstract: A cross-figure is a puzzle similar to a crossword in structure, but with entries that consist of numbers rather than words, where individual digits are entered in the blank cells. Clues may be mathematical, use general knowledge or refer to other clues.

text:
# Cross-figure

A **cross-figure** (also variously called **cross number puzzle** or **figure logic**) is a puzzle similar to a crossword in structure, but with entries that consist of numbers rather than words, where individual digits are entered in the blank cells. Clues may be mathematical ("the seventh prime number"), use general knowledge ("date of the Battle of Hastings") or refer to other clues ("9 down minus 3 across").

## Clues

The numbers can be clued in various ways:

* The clue can make it possible to find the number required directly, by using general knowledge (e.g. "Date of the Battle of Hastings") or arithmetic (e.g. "27 times 79") or other mathematical facts (e.g. "Seventh prime number")
* The clue may require arithmetic to be applied to another answer or answers (e.g. "25 across times 3" or "9 down minus 3 across")
* The clue may indicate possible answers but make it impossible to give the correct one without using crosslights (e.g. "A prime number")
* One answer may be related to another in a non-determinate way (e.g. "A multiple of 24 down" or "5 across with its digits rearranged")
* Some entries may either not be clued at all, or refer to another clue (e.g. 7 down may be clued as "See 13 down" if 13 down reads "7 down plus 5")
* Entries may be grouped together for clueing purposes, e.g. "1 across, 12 across, and 17 across together contain all the digits except 0"
* Some cross-figures use an algebraic type of clue, with various letters taking unknown values (e.g. "A - 2B, where neither A nor B is known in advance)
* Another special type of puzzle uses a real-world situation such as a family outing and base most clues on this (e.g. "Time taken to travel from Ayville to Beetown")

Cross-figures that use mostly the first type of clue may be used for educational purposes, but most enthusiasts would agree that this clue type should be used rarely, if at all. Without this type a cross-figure may superficially seem to be impossible to solve, since no answer can apparently be filled in until another has first been found, which without the first type of clue appears impossible. However, if a different approach is adopted where, instead of trying to find complete answers (as would be done for a crossword) one gradually narrows down the possibilities for individual cells (or, in some cases, whole answers) then the problem becomes tractable. For example, if 12 across and 7 down both have three digits and the clue for 12 across is "7 down times 2", one can work out that (i) the last digit of 12 across must be even, (ii) the first digit of 7 down must be 1, 2, 3 or 4, and (iii) the first digit of 12 across must be between 2 and 9 inclusive. (It is an implicit rule of cross-figures that numbers cannot start with 0; however, some puzzles explicitly allow this) By continuing to apply this sort of argument, a solution can eventually be found. Another implicit rule of cross-figures is that no two answers should be the same (in cross-figures allowing numbers to start with 0, 0123 and 123 may be considered different.)

## Creation

A curious feature of cross-figures is that it makes perfect sense for the setter of a puzzle to try to solve it themself. Indeed, the setter should ideally do this (without direct reference to the answer) as it is essentially the only way to find out if the puzzle has a single unique solution. Alternatively, there are computer programs available that can be used for this purpose; however, they may not make it clear how difficult the puzzle is.

## Popularity

Given that some basic mathematical knowledge is needed to solve cross-figures, they are much less popular than crosswords. As a result, very few books of them have ever been published. Dell Magazines publishes a magazine called *Math & Logic Problems* four times a year that includes these puzzles, which they name "Figure Logics"; the eighteen puzzles contained within each issue generally increase in difficulty, from easy to "challenger". A magazine called *Figure it Out*, which was dedicated to number puzzles, included some, but it was very short-lived. This also explains why cross-figures have fewer established conventions than crosswords (especially cryptic crosswords). One exception is the use of the semicolon (;) to attach two strings of numbers together, for example 1234;5678 becomes 12345678. Some cross-figures voluntarily ignore this option and other "non-mathematical" approaches (e.g. palindromic numbers and repunits) where same result can be achieved through algebraic means.


abstract: Bridge Number 3355 in Kathio Township, in Mille Lacs County, Minnesota, is a concrete slab bridge that carries U.S. Route 169 (US 169) over Whitefish Creek near Mille Lacs Lake. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its architectural significance, especially the ornamental stonework as designed by the National Park Service and built by the Civilian Conservation Corps. The original bridge was built in 1921 with a span of 16 feet (4.9 m) and a width of 20 feet (6.1 m). In 1939 the bridge was widened to 60 feet (18 m) to fit the roadway and two granite sidewalks. The basic construction was still a concrete slab, but the abutment extensions, railings, and retaining walls were built of random-coursed granite. This was part of a roadside beautification and wayside development project near the town of Garrison. The elaborate stonework was undertaken as part of the work relief offered through the New Deal, so a labor-intensive approach was chosen.

text:
# Bridge No. 3355 (Kathio Township, Mille Lacs County, Minnesota)

**Bridge Number 3355** in Kathio Township, in Mille Lacs County, Minnesota, is a concrete slab bridge that carries U.S. Route 169 (US 169) over Whitefish Creek near Mille Lacs Lake. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its architectural significance, especially the ornamental stonework as designed by the National Park Service and built by the Civilian Conservation Corps.

The original bridge was built in 1921 with a span of 16 feet (4.9 m) and a width of 20 feet (6.1 m). In 1939 the bridge was widened to 60 feet (18 m) to fit the roadway and two granite sidewalks. The basic construction was still a concrete slab, but the abutment extensions, railings, and retaining walls were built of random-coursed granite. This was part of a roadside beautification and wayside development project near the town of Garrison. The elaborate stonework was undertaken as part of the work relief offered through the New Deal, so a labor-intensive approach was chosen.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Bridge No. 3355--Kathio Township | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Bridge 3355 from the southwest | |
|  | |
| Nearest city | US 169, Kathio Township, Minnesota |
| Coordinates | 46°12′55″N 93°47′34″W / 46.21528°N 93.79278°W / 46.21528; -93.79278 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1939 (1939) |
| Built by | Civilian Conservation Corps |
| Architect | National Park Service |
| Architectural style | Concrete slab |
| MPS | Reinforced-Concrete Highway Bridges in Minnesota MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 98000685 |
| Added to NRHP | June 29, 1998 |


title: Sardar Harnarain Singh

abstract: Sardar Harnarain Singh was an Indian army personnel who held the rank of a major general in the Indian Armed Forces. He was the head of the Rajput Regiment in early 1950s and served as the Military Secretary to Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India, who accompanied the President in his official visits. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 1963, for his contributions to Indian Armed Forces.

text:
# Sardar Harnarain Singh

**Sardar Harnarain Singh** was an Indian army personnel who held the rank of a major general in the Indian Armed Forces. He was the head of the Rajput Regiment in early 1950s and served as the Military Secretary to Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India, who accompanied the President in his official visits. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 1963, for his contributions to Indian Armed Forces.

## InfoBox

| Sardar Harnarain Singh | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Phillaur, India |
| Occupation | Army personnel |
| Awards | Padma Bhushan |


title: Pomasia reticulata

abstract: Pomasia reticulata is a moth in the family Geometridae first described by George Hampson in 1895. It is found in the Mergui Archipelago of Myanmar and in Penang in Peninsular Malaysia and in Borneo. The habitat primarily consists of coastal areas. Adults are bright orange, the head, thorax and abdomen spotted with black. The forewings have double subbasal, antemedial, medial, postmedial and submarginal waved dark lines connected by blotches. The antemedial, medial, postmedial and submarginal double waved lines on the hindwings have a few blotches. There is a dentate line close to the margin and two spots on the margin.

text:
# Pomasia reticulata

***Pomasia reticulata*** is a moth in the family Geometridae first described by George Hampson in 1895. It is found in the Mergui Archipelago of Myanmar and in Penang in Peninsular Malaysia and in Borneo. The habitat primarily consists of coastal areas.

Adults are bright orange, the head, thorax and abdomen spotted with black. The forewings have double subbasal, antemedial, medial, postmedial and submarginal waved dark lines connected by blotches. The antemedial, medial, postmedial and submarginal double waved lines on the hindwings have a few blotches. There is a dentate line close to the margin and two spots on the margin.

## InfoBox

| *Pomasia reticulata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Pomasia* |
| Species: | ***P. reticulata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pomasia reticulata***<br>Hampson, 1895 | |
|


title: Taraco

abstract: Taraco is a peninsula jutting into Lake Wiñaymarka, the southern branch of Lake Titicaca in Bolivia. It is located in the La Paz Department, Ingavi Province, Tiwanaku Municipality, Taraco Canton. There is also a town of the same name on the peninsula. As with many place names in the Titicaca Basin, a corresponding Taraco District also exists on the Peruvian, northern side of the lake in the Huancané Province in Puno.

text:
# Taraco

**Taraco** is a peninsula jutting into Lake Wiñaymarka, the southern branch of Lake Titicaca in Bolivia. It is located in the La Paz Department, Ingavi Province, Tiwanaku Municipality, Taraco Canton. There is also a town of the same name on the peninsula.

As with many place names in the Titicaca Basin, a corresponding Taraco District also exists on the Peruvian, northern side of the lake in the Huancané Province in Puno.

16°27′00″S 68°52′00″W / 16.45°S 68.8667°W / -16.45; -68.8667


title: Seranambia

abstract:
Seranambia is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, containing the following species:
  - Seranambia nodosa Descarpentries, 1974
  - Seranambia succinicola Descarpentries, 1974

text:
# Seranambia

***Seranambia*** is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, containing the following species:

* *Seranambia nodosa* Descarpentries, 1974
* *Seranambia succinicola* Descarpentries, 1974

## InfoBox

| *Seranambia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Superfamily: | Buprestoidea |
| Family: | Buprestidae |
| Genus: | ***Seranambia***<br>Descarpentries, 1974 |
|


title: 11th Hussars (Canada)

abstract: The 11th Hussars was a light cavalry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia. First raised in 1866 as an infantry regiment in the Eastern Townships of Quebec, in 1903 the regiment was converted to cavalry. In 1936, the 11th Hussars were amalgamated with the 7th Hussars to form the 7th/11th Hussars.

text:
# 11th Hussars (Canada)

The **11th Hussars** was a light cavalry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia (now the Canadian Army). First raised in 1866 as an infantry regiment in the Eastern Townships of Quebec, in 1903 the regiment was converted to cavalry. In 1936, the 11th Hussars were amalgamated with the 7th Hussars to form the 7th/11th Hussars (now The Sherbrooke Hussars).

## Lineage

### 11th Hussars

* Originated on 21 September 1866, in Sherbrooke, Quebec, as the *Sherbrooke Battalion of Infantry*.
* Redesignated on 15 March 1867, as the *53rd Sherbrooke Battalion of Infantry*.
* Reorganized on 22 March 1867, as two separate battalions: the *54th Sherbrooke Battalion of Infantry* (later The Sherbrooke Regiment) and the *53rd Melbourne Battalion of Infantry*.
* Redesignated on 10 May 1867, as the *54th Richmond Battalion of Infantry*.
* Redesignated on 8 May 1900, as the *54th Richmond Regiment*.
* Converted to cavalry on 1 August 1903, and redesignated as the *11th Hussars*.
* Amalgamated on 1 April 1936, with the 7th Hussars and redesignated as the *7th/11th Hussars*.

## History

### 54th Richmond Regiment

On 22 March 1867, the 53rd Sherbrooke Battalion of Infantry was reorganized into two separate battalions: the *54th Sherbrooke Battalion of Infantry* (later the Sherbrooke Regiment) and the *53rd Melbourne Battalion of Infantry* was authorized. The new regiment had companies at Danville, Melbourne, Richmond, Brompton and Durham.

On 10 May 1867, the regiment was redesignated as the *54th Richmond Battalion of Infantry*.

On 8 May 1900, the regiment was redesignated as the *54th Richmond Regiment*.

### 11th Hussars

On 1 August 1903, the 54th Richmond Regiment was converted from infantry to cavalry and redesignated as the *11th Hussars*.

With the outbreak of the First World War, the 11th Hussars along with the 7th Hussars provided volunteers help raise the 5th Canadian Mounted Rifles for service with the Canadian Expeditionary Force.

On 1 April 1936, as a result of the 1936 Canadian Militia reorganization, the 11th Hussars were amalgamated with the 7th Hussars to form the 7th/11th Hussars, which now form part of The Sherbrooke Hussars.

## Battle honours

The regiment had no battle honours. However, at the same time as the 1936 amalgamation, the perpetuation of the 5th Canadian Mounted Rifles Battalion, CEF, was transferred from the Eastern Townships Mounted Rifles to the 7th/11th Hussars, which thus acquired several battle honours through the perpetuation.

## Notable members

1. "Guide to Sources Relating to the Canadian Militia (Infantry, Cavalry, Armored)" (PDF).
2. Defence, National (2018-11-29). "The Sherbrooke Hussars". *www.canada.ca*. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
3. "11th Hussars". *www.canadiansoldiers.com*. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
4. "11th Hussars \[Canada\]". 2007-10-31. Archived from the original on 31 October 2007. Retrieved 2022-03-07.

## InfoBox

| 11th Hussars | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 1866-1936 |
| Country | Canada |
| Branch | Canadian Militia |
| Type | Hussars |
| Role | Regiment of cavalry |
| Part of | Non-Permanent Active Militia |
| Garrison/HQ | Richmond, Quebec |
| Motto(s) | Steady |


title: Schloss Rosegg

abstract: Schloss Rosegg is a castle in Rosegg, Carinthia, Austria. Schloss Rosegg is 478 metres (1,568 ft) above sea level. The original castle was known as Altrosegg, built in the 12/13th centuries as a hilltop fort near lake Wörthersee. The current castle was built in 1772 by the Austrian noble Prince Franz Seraph von Orsini-Rosenberg of the house of Orsini-Rosenberg, the castle was built with Italianate architecture in mind, the furniture in the mansion are still from the 18th century. The second owner was Peter Ritter von Bohr who was acquainted with Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor in Austria, however Bohr was convicted of producing counterfeit money, and only lived in Rosegg for 2 years. The third and current owners of the castle have been a Royal family descending from the House of Liechtenstein. The mansion was purchased by Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein in 1831 for one of his sons. The castle features a large wildlife park (zoo) with many animals, tours of the castle with rooms displays and life-size wax figures in period clothing, and also large hedge maze (labyrinth). Other activities include contemporary art exhibits, summer events, concerts, theater programs and there is also cafe.

text:
# Schloss Rosegg

**Schloss Rosegg** is a castle in Rosegg, Carinthia, Austria. Schloss Rosegg is 478 metres (1,568 ft) above sea level.

The original castle was known as Altrosegg, built in the 12/13th centuries as a hilltop fort near lake Wörthersee. The current castle was built in 1772 by the Austrian noble Prince Franz Seraph von Orsini-Rosenberg of the house of Orsini-Rosenberg, the castle was built with Italianate architecture in mind, the furniture in the mansion are still from the 18th century. The second owner was Peter Ritter von Bohr who was acquainted with Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor in Austria, however Bohr was convicted of producing counterfeit money, and only lived in Rosegg for 2 years. The third and current owners of the castle have been a Royal family descending from the House of Liechtenstein. The mansion was purchased by Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein in 1831 for one of his sons.

The castle features a large wildlife park (zoo) with many animals, tours of the castle with rooms displays and life-size wax figures in period clothing, and also large hedge maze (labyrinth). Other activities include contemporary art exhibits, summer events, concerts, theater programs and there is also cafe.

46°35′02″N 14°01′26″E / 46.584°N 14.024°E / 46.584; 14.024

## InfoBox

| Schloss Rosegg | |
| --- | --- |
| Carinthia, Austria | |
|  | |
| Type | Castle |


title: Susan Collett

abstract: Susan Collett RCA IAC is a Canadian artist in printmaking and ceramics. In 1986, she graduated from the Cleveland Institute of Art, earning a B.F.A. in printmaking with a minor in ceramics.

text:
# Susan Collett

**Susan Collett** RCA IAC is a Canadian artist in printmaking and ceramics. In 1986, she graduated from the Cleveland Institute of Art, earning a B.F.A. in printmaking with a minor in ceramics.

## Early life and career

Collett began formal arts education in 1980 at the Central Technical School, graduating in 1982. She then began studies at the Cleveland Institute of Art, graduating with a B.F.A. in 1986, following with an apprenticeship as studio assistant to American ceramic artist Judith Salomon.

Working professionally since 2003, Collett maintains a full-time production studio in downtown Toronto where she creates large-scale clay sculpture and monoprints. Her ceramic work employs paper clay and nichrome wire substrate. Her monoprints are made from plates of stitched industrial-grade copper.

## Career

Collett's work has been featured in the 2013 Toronto International Art Fair, SOFA exhibitions in Miami, Chicago and New York, Gyeonggi International Ceramic Biennale 2009 Korea and the Taiwan Ceramics Biennale 2012.

In 2009, Collett was invited by the Ceramic Artists Association of Israel to conduct a master workshop in Neot HaKikar near the Dead Sea, as well as exhibiting at the Gardiner Museum of Ceramic Art, China Academy of Art, and Concordia University. Her work has appeared in *Ceramic Review*, *Ceramic Art & Perception*, and Canadian Art. Collett is recognized as a contributor to Canadian Studio Ceramic practice, as well as for her contributions to development in ceramic technique.

### Awards

* 2023 Canada Council For The Arts, Explore & Create research grant
* 2019 Toronto Arts Council, Research Grant, Porcelain
* 2019 Canada Council for the Arts, Artist Abroad program - Werkschule, Oldenburg Germany
* 2017 Ontario Arts Council, Project Grant, Clay
* 2015 Honorable Mention, 8th Gyeonggi International Ceramic Biennale, Korea, juried, International
* 2009 Honorable Mention, 5th Cebiko Korean International Clay Biennale, Korea, juried, International
* 2002 2nd Prize, Ernst & Young Great Canadian Printmaking Competition, juried, National
* 2001 1st Prize, Winifred Shantz Award, Canadian Clay & Glass Gallery, juried, National
* 1997 Nick Novak Scholarship, Printmaking, Open Studio, Toronto
* 1994 Sheila Hugh Mackay Foundation Grant New Brunswick, clay, juried, National
* 1986 1st Place, Agnes Gund Memorial Award, BFA Show, Cleveland Institute of Art, USA

### Collections

### Elected associations

She received her letters from the International Academy of Ceramics in 2007, and from the RCA, Royal Canadian Academy of Arts in 2008.

## Exhibitions

## Publications

* Louisa Taylor, UK, 2011, The Ceramics Bible, USA Edition, Chronicle Books, page 74
* Emmanuel Cooper, UK, 2009, Contemporary Ceramics, Thames & Hudson page 89
* Guy Lavigueur, QC. 2016, Ateliers/Studios of Royal Canadian Academy of Arts, Marquis Imprimer, Quebec, page 122, 123
* Ed Phillips, Canada, 2005, Ernst & Young Great Canadian Printmaking Collection, Ernst & Young LLP, page 37, 48

### Exhibition catalogues

* Brennpunkt Keramik II, 2020 catalogue, cover image & page 20
* Desire, Feb-May 2016, Kansas City, Missouri, Belger Art Centre, pages 8, 13, 28, 29
* Three Canadians Reflect on the Natural World, November 2016-January 2017, Kean University Art Galleries, pages 5, 6, 10-31, 68, 69
* Naked Craft Canada/Scotland, June 2015/ April 2016, Art Gallery of Burlington, Centre Materia, Art Gallery of Nova Scotia, Scotland (various) pages 42, 43
* Canadian Art Installation 2015, Aimia Canada, May 2015, pages 24, 45, 109, 171
* Canada House Trafalgar Square, Canadian High Commission to the UK, February 2015, Trafalgar Square, London UK, page 90
* GICB 2015, 8th Gyeonggi International Ceramic Biennale, 2015, Icheon World Ceramic Centre, Korea, pages 96, 97
* Caméléon, October 2015, McClure Gallery, Montreal, pages 14–27
* Toronto International Art Fair, October 2013, Toronto Convention Centre, Canada, pages 44, 45
* Taiwan International Ceramics Biennale, 2012, New Taipei City, Yingge Ceramics Museum page 97
* Circuit Ceramique a Sèvres, September 2010, Sèvres Porcelain Museum, page 146
* Ceramic Visions, April 2009, International, 5th World Ceramic Biennale, Gyeonggi Province, Korea, pages 111, 241

### Articles

* Brennpunkt Keramik II, 2020 catalogue, Introduction Essay by Monika Gass, Curator: Nicole Nix-Hauck- Stadtische Galerie, Neunkirchen, Germany
* Hannelore Sieffert, Winter 2019, New Ceramics: The European Ceramics Magazine, Germany, Volume #3, page 54
* Nathalie Roy, winter 2014-2015, “La Ceramique d’art Contemporaine: Le contre-pied des idees recues, Vies Des Arts, issue 237, pages 72, 73
* Heidi McKenzie, April 2013, “Go East” Canadians Create in China, Ceramics Monthly, USA, volume 61 #4, pages 45–47
* Barry Morrison, June 2014, Studio Ceramics Canada, Online
* Adina Balint-Babos July–August 2011, “Figuration & Abstraction” Ceramic Review UK, Issue 250, pages 60–63
* Kristen den Hartog, November 2008 – April 2009, “Canadians in China”, Ceramics Technical, Australia, Issue 27, pages 83–88
* Kristen den Hartog, March- May 2007 “Impluvium”, Ceramics Art & Perception, Australia, Spring Issue 67, pages 52–54
* Virginia Eichhorn, Spring 2007, Impluvium, Espace Sculpture, QC Spring Issue 79, pages 37, 38
* Kristen den Hartog, August 2006, “Air & Grace”, Ceramic Review, UK, Issue 220, pages 28–29

## InfoBox

| Susan Collett | |
| --- | --- |
| Susan Collett with her sculpture "Axis" at the opening of Canada House, London (2015) | |
| Born | 1961 |
| Nationality | Canadian |
| Education | Cleveland Institute of Art, Ohio, U.S.A. BFA Printmaking/Ceramics Minor |
| Known for | Hand-built clay sculpture, drypoint monoprints |
| Awards | Agnes Gund Memorial Award, (USA 1986) Winifred Shantz Award for Ceramics (Canada 2001) |
|  | |
| Elected | Royal Canadian Academy of Arts (RCA) International Academy of Ceramics (IAC) |
|  | |


title: Brent Fedyk

abstract: Brent Anthony Fedyk is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger. He was drafted in the first round, 8th overall, by the Detroit Red Wings in the 1985 NHL Entry Draft. Born in Yorkton, Saskatchewan, Fedyk played five seasons of junior hockey in the Western Hockey League. He made his professional debut with the Red Wings' American Hockey League affiliate, the Adirondack Red Wings, in the 1987–88 season. He also appeared in two NHL games with Detroit that same season. After splitting three seasons between Detroit and Adirondack, and then spending two seasons in the NHL full-time, Fedyk joined the Philadelphia Flyers for the 1992–93 season. He recorded the first two 20-goal seasons of his career in his first two seasons in Philadelphia as a member of the Crazy Eights line with Eric Lindros and Mark Recchi. Fedyk split the 1995–96 season between the Flyers and the Dallas Stars, recording his third 20-goal season. He then was out of the NHL for two seasons, playing in the International Hockey League. He had one final stint in the NHL during the 1998–99 season, playing with the New York Rangers. Fedyk appeared in 470 NHL games in his career, scoring 97 goals and adding 112 assists. He also appeared in 16 Stanley Cup playoff games, scoring three goals and recording two assists.

text:
# Brent Fedyk

**Brent Anthony Fedyk** (born March 8, 1967) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger. He was drafted in the first round, 8th overall, by the Detroit Red Wings in the 1985 NHL Entry Draft.

Born in Yorkton, Saskatchewan, Fedyk played five seasons of junior hockey in the Western Hockey League. He made his professional debut with the Red Wings' American Hockey League affiliate, the Adirondack Red Wings, in the 1987–88 season. He also appeared in two NHL games with Detroit that same season.

After splitting three seasons between Detroit and Adirondack, and then spending two seasons in the NHL full-time, Fedyk joined the Philadelphia Flyers for the 1992–93 season. He recorded the first two 20-goal seasons of his career in his first two seasons in Philadelphia as a member of the Crazy Eights line with Eric Lindros and Mark Recchi.

Fedyk split the 1995–96 season between the Flyers and the Dallas Stars, recording his third 20-goal season. He then was out of the NHL for two seasons, playing in the International Hockey League. He had one final stint in the NHL during the 1998–99 season, playing with the New York Rangers.

Fedyk appeared in 470 NHL games in his career, scoring 97 goals and adding 112 assists. He also appeared in 16 Stanley Cup playoff games, scoring three goals and recording two assists.

## Career statistics

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1982–83 | Regina Pats | WHL | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1983–84 | Regina Pats | WHL | | 63 | 15 | 28 | 43 | 30 | | 23 | 8 | 7 | 15 | 6 |
| 1984–85 | Regina Pats | WHL | | 66 | 35 | 35 | 70 | 48 | | 8 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 0 |
| 1985–86 | Regina Pats | WHL | | 50 | 43 | 34 | 77 | 47 | | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 1986–87 | Regina Pats | WHL | | 12 | 9 | 6 | 15 | 9 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1986–87 | Seattle Thunderbirds | WHL | | 13 | 5 | 11 | 16 | 9 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1986–87 | Portland Winterhawks | WHL | | 11 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 6 | | 14 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 0 |
| 1987–88 | Adirondack Red Wings | AHL | | 34 | 9 | 11 | 20 | 22 | | 5 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
| 1987–88 | Detroit Red Wings | NHL | | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1988–89 | Adirondack Red Wings | AHL | | 66 | 40 | 28 | 68 | 33 | | 15 | 7 | 8 | 15 | 23 |
| 1988–89 | Detroit Red Wings | NHL | | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1989–90 | Adirondack Red Wings | AHL | | 33 | 14 | 15 | 29 | 24 | | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 1989–90 | Detroit Red Wings | NHL | | 27 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1990–91 | Detroit Red Wings | NHL | | 67 | 16 | 19 | 35 | 38 | | 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 1991–92 | Adirondack Red Wings | AHL | | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1991–92 | Detroit Red Wings | NHL | | 61 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 42 | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 1992–93 | Philadelphia Flyers | NHL | | 74 | 21 | 38 | 59 | 48 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1993–94 | Philadelphia Flyers | NHL | | 72 | 20 | 18 | 38 | 74 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1994–95 | Philadelphia Flyers | NHL | | 30 | 8 | 4 | 12 | 14 | | 9 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 |
| 1995–96 | Philadelphia Flyers | NHL | | 24 | 10 | 5 | 15 | 24 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1995–96 | Dallas Stars | NHL | | 41 | 10 | 9 | 19 | 30 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1996–97 | Michigan K-Wings | IHL | | 9 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1997–98 | Detroit Vipers | IHL | | 40 | 18 | 23 | 41 | 24 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1997–98 | Cincinnati Cyclones | IHL | | 26 | 21 | 13 | 34 | 14 | | 9 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 2 |
| 1998–99 | New York Rangers | NHL | | 67 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 30 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1999–2000 | Kassel Huskies | DEL | | 24 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 8 | |  |  |  |  |  |
|| |
| NHL totals | | | | 470 | 97 | 112 | 209 | 308 | | 16 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 12 |

## InfoBox

| Brent Fedyk | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1967-03-08) March 8, 1967
Yorkton, Saskatchewan, Canada | | |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (185 cm) | | |
| Weight | 186 lb (84 kg; 13 st 4 lb) | | |
| Position | Right wing | | |
| Shot | Right | | |
| Played for | Detroit Red Wings
Philadelphia Flyers
Dallas Stars
New York Rangers | | |
| NHL draft | 8th overall, 1985
Detroit Red Wings | | |
| Playing career | 19872000 | | |


title: Pomasia psylaria

abstract: Pomasia psylaria is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Sri Lanka.

text:
# Pomasia psylaria

***Pomasia psylaria*** is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Sri Lanka.

## Description

Its wingspan is about 28 mm in the male and 32 mm in the female. Body bright rufous. Head, thorax and abdomen banded with greyish white. Forewings with orange costa, with black patches and strigae. A grey fascia found below the costa. A basal grey spot can be seen. There are six irregularly waved grey lines outlined in black. The veins streaked with grey and black. Outer margin orange, with black patches at veins 2 and 4. Hindwings with a basal grey spot. Five waved greyish lines found with black outlines. The outer margin orange, with a black patch at vein 4. Ventral side is suffused with pale fuscous.

## InfoBox

| *Pomasia psylaria* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Pomasia* |
| Species: | ***P. psylaria*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pomasia psylaria***<br>Guenee, 1857 | |
|


title: Dark Ages Radio Explorer

abstract: The Dark Ages Radio Explorer (DARE) is a proposed NASA mission aimed at detecting redshifted line emissions from the earliest neutral hydrogen atoms, formed post-Cosmic Dawn. Emissions from these neutral hydrogen atoms, characterized by a rest wavelength of 21 cm and a frequency of 1420 MHz, offer insights into the formation of the universe's first stars and the epoch succeeding the cosmic Dark Ages. The intended orbiter aims to investigate the universe's state from approximately 80 million years to 420 million years post-Big Bang by capturing the line emissions at their redshifted frequencies originating from that period. Data collected by this mission is expected to shed light on the genesis of the first stars, the rapid growth of the initial black holes, and the universe’s reionization process. Moreover, it would facilitate the testing of computational galaxy formation models. Furthermore, the mission could advance research into dark matter decay and inform the development of lunar surface telescopes, enhancing the exploration of exoplanets around proximate stars.

text:
# Dark Ages Radio Explorer

The **Dark Ages Radio Explorer** (**DARE**) is a proposed NASA mission aimed at detecting redshifted line emissions from the earliest neutral hydrogen atoms, formed post-Cosmic Dawn. Emissions from these neutral hydrogen atoms, characterized by a rest wavelength of 21 cm and a frequency of 1420 MHz, offer insights into the formation of the universe's first stars and the epoch succeeding the cosmic Dark Ages. The intended orbiter aims to investigate the universe's state from approximately 80 million years to 420 million years post-Big Bang by capturing the line emissions at their redshifted frequencies originating from that period. Data collected by this mission is expected to shed light on the genesis of the first stars, the rapid growth of the initial black holes, and the universe’s reionization process. Moreover, it would facilitate the testing of computational galaxy formation models. Furthermore, the mission could advance research into dark matter decay and inform the development of lunar surface telescopes, enhancing the exploration of exoplanets around proximate stars.

## Background

The epoch between recombination and the emergence of stars and galaxies is termed the "cosmic Dark Ages". In this era, neutral hydrogen predominated the universe's matter composition. While this hydrogen has not yet been directly observed, ongoing experiments aim to detect the characteristic hydrogen line from this period. The hydrogen line arises when an electron in a neutral hydrogen atom transitions between hyperfine states, either by excitation to a state with aligned spins or by de-excitation as the spins move from alignment to anti-alignment. The energy differential between these hyperfine states, $5.9\times 10^{-6}$ electron volts, equates to a photon with a wavelength of 21 centimeters. When neutral hydrogen attains thermodynamic equilibrium with cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons, a "coupling" occurs, rendering the hydrogen line undetectable. Observation of the hydrogen line is feasible only when there is a temperature discrepancy between the neutral hydrogen and the CMB.

## Theoretical motivation

In the immediate aftermath of the Big Bang, the universe was characterized by intense heat, density, and near-uniformity. Its subsequent expansion and cooling created conducive conditions for nuclear and atomic formation. Around 400,000 years post-Big Bang, at a redshift of approximately 1100, the cooling of primordial plasma allowed protons and electrons to merge into neutral hydrogen atoms, rendering the universe transparent as photons ceased to interact significantly with matter. These ancient photons are detectable in the present as the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The CMB reveals a universe that remained smooth and homogeneous.

Following the formation of the initial hydrogen atoms, the universe was composed of an almost entirely neutral, uniformly distributed intergalactic medium (IGM), predominantly made up of hydrogen gas. This epoch, devoid of luminous bodies, is referred to as the cosmic Dark Ages. Theoretical models forecast that, over subsequent hundreds of millions of years, gravitational forces gradually compressed the gas into denser regions, culminating in the emergence of the first stars—a milestone known as Cosmic Dawn.

The formation of additional stars and the assembly of the earliest galaxies inundated the universe with ultraviolet photons, which had the potential to ionize hydrogen gas. Several hundred million years post-Cosmic Dawn, the initial stars emitted sufficient ultraviolet photons to reionize the vast majority of hydrogen atoms in the universe. This reionization epoch signifies the IGM’s transition back to a state of near-complete ionization.

Observational studies have not yet explored the universe’s emerging structural complexity. Studying the universe’s earliest structures necessitates a telescope surpassing the capabilities of the Hubble Space Telescope. While theoretical models indicate that current measurements are starting to examine the concluding phase of Reionization, the initial stars and galaxies from the Dark Ages and Cosmic Dawn remain beyond the observational reach of contemporary instruments.

The envisioned DARE mission aims to conduct pioneering measurements of the inception of the first stars and black holes, as well as ascertain the characteristics of hitherto undetectable stellar populations. These observations would contextualize existing data and enhance our comprehension of the developmental processes of the first galaxies from antecedent cosmic structures.

## Mission

The DARE mission aims to analyze the spectral profile of the sky-averaged, redshifted 21-cm signal within a 40–120 MHz radio bandpass, targeting neutral hydrogen at redshifts between 11-35, corresponding to a period 420-80 million years subsequent to the Big Bang. DARE’s tentative schedule involves a 3-year lunar orbit, focusing on data collection above the Moon’s far side—a region considered devoid of human-made radio frequency interference and substantial ionospheric activity.

The mission’s scientific apparatus, affixed to an RF-quiet spacecraft bus, comprises a three-part radiometer system featuring an electrically short, tapered, biconical dipole antenna, along with a receiver and a digital spectrometer. DARE’s utilization of the antenna’s smooth frequency response and a differential spectral calibration technique is anticipated to mitigate intense cosmic foregrounds, thereby facilitating the detection of the faint cosmic 21-cm signal.

In addition to the DARE mission, several other initiatives have been proposed to investigate this field. These include the Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization (PAPER), the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR), the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT), and the Large Aperture Experiment to Detect the Dark Ages (LEDA).

This article incorporates public domain material from *DARE paper in Advances in Space Research now in press*. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

## Further reading


title: Sandy Stevens Tickodri-Togboa

abstract: Sandy Stevens Tickodri-Togboa is a scientist, engineer, academic, and politician in Uganda. From 2015 to 2016, he served as the State Minister for Higher Education and Technology in the Cabinet of Uganda. He was appointed to that position on 1 March 2015, replacing John Chrysostom Muyingo; in the reshuffle of June 2016, however, he was not reappointed. As a cabinet minister, he was also an ex officio member of parliament. Before his ministerial appointment, he was a deputy vice chancellor at Makerere University, the oldest and largest of the eight public universities in Uganda.

text:
# Sandy Stevens Tickodri-Togboa

**Sandy Stevens Tickodri-Togboa** (born 29 October 1949) is a scientist, engineer, academic, and politician in Uganda. From 2015 to 2016, he served as the State Minister for Higher Education and Technology in the Cabinet of Uganda. He was appointed to that position on 1 March 2015, replacing John Chrysostom Muyingo; in the reshuffle of June 2016, however, he was not reappointed. As a cabinet minister, he was also an *ex officio* member of parliament. Before his ministerial appointment, he was a deputy vice chancellor at Makerere University, the oldest and largest of the eight public universities in Uganda.

## Background and education

Tickodri-Togboa was born in Oduluba Village, approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi), east of downtown Arua, the largest town in the West Nile sub-region. His mother died when he was three years old. His father, a construction worker, remarried after Togboa's mother died. Tickodri-Togboa attended Arua Junior School for his middle school studies He attended Nyakasura School before joining Nairobi University, where he studied electrical engineering. Later, he obtained a Master of Science from Makerere University and a doctorate from the University of Odesa in Ukraine.

## Research activities and accomplishments

### Academic records management systems

The Academic Records Management Systems (ARMS) Project aims at the development of a comprehensive user-centric ARMS to support Makerere University's logical and physical academic infrastructure, using state-of-the-art technologies and current generation industrial aesthetics. A home-born-and-grown project, it incorporates the provision of relevant learning experiences for students in the Faculty of Technology offers experiential learning (Equal Opportunities for Girl and Boy Child) and adds Value to the pedagogical experience. The ARMS project team is composed of thirteen undergraduate students (five females and eight males), and one junior member of staff. The System is currently being piloted in the Faculty of Technology and will eliminate the current challenges of inaccurate and delayed transcripts.

### Electronic academic-events scheduling system

The Electronic Academic-Events Scheduling System (eAESS) Project is aimed at the development of an eAESS - state-of-the-art, needs-responsive, scheduling system using the Faculty of Technology as the development and test site. The eAESS is envisaged to go a long way in addressing the current challenges in scheduling and to build a robust timetabling system. The system will consist of three major sub-systems, namely; the Online Scheduling System, the Information Display System and the Uninterrupted Power Sub-System. The Online Scheduling System will enable lecturers to book time-slots and be allocated rooms subject to class size and other necessary academic resources. The Information Display System will be used to flaunt compiled schedules, notices and other communications from the administration. The Uninterrupted Power Sub-System will ensure round-the-clock availability. The Project Team includes three undergraduate students (two males and one female) and one junior member of staff.

### iLABS

This project is being undertaken in collaboration with Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States, with the goal of developing on-line laboratories (iLABS) to supplement conventional laboratories to meet challenges of scarce financial resources and large student populations. The project engages undergraduate and graduate students and staff members in research geared towards development of online experiments. iLabs offer a flexible and convenient experimentation platform to an unlimited number of users; thus, alleviating space and scheduling problems associated with increasing student numbers. The current core development team is composed of eighteen undergraduate students (nine male and nine female), two undergraduate students, and three junior staff members. The project has so far developed over twelve iLabs and, working closely with the Electrical Engineering Department, these labs have been integrated into the B.Sc.Electrical Engineering and B.Sc.Telecommunication Engineering Programs to provide experimentation experience to students. Soon these will be incorporated in the B.Sc.Computer Engineering Program.

### Vehicle design

The Makerere Vehicle Design Project, Center for Research in Transportation Technologies (CRTT), is one of the main innovative projects at the Faculty of Technology, Makerere University. Its main goal is to build and later bring to market an energy efficient electric vehicle with Makerere University campus as a test site. The project team comprises six undergraduate students (four male and two female) and three junior members of staff.

## InfoBox

| Sandy Stevens Tickodri-Togboa | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Sandy Stevens Tickodri-Togboa
(1949-10-29) 29 October 1949 |
| Nationality | Ugandan |
| Citizenship | Ugandan |
| Known for | Makerere University Academic Records Management System
iLABS
Vehicle Design |
| Title | State Minister for Higher Education and Technology |
| Spouse | Edith Natukunda-Togboa |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Mathematical Modeling of Physical Systems
Geographic Information Systems
Engineering Hydrology
Hydro-power Development
Computer Engineering
Digital Signal and Image Processing |
| Institutions | Makerere University |
|  | |


title: Serandite

abstract: Serandite is a mineral with formula Na(Mn2+,Ca)2Si3O8(OH). The mineral was discovered in Guinea in 1931 and named for J. M. Sérand. Serandite is generally red, brown, black or colorless. The correct name lacks an accent.

text:
# Serandite

**Serandite** is a mineral with formula Na(Mn2+,Ca)2Si3O8(OH). The mineral was discovered in Guinea in 1931 and named for J. M. Sérand. Serandite is generally red, brown, black or colorless. The correct name lacks an accent.

## Description

Serandite is transparent to translucent and is normally salmon-pink, light pink, rose-red, orange, brown, black, or colorless; in thin section, it is colorless. Octahedrally bonded Mn(II) is the primary contributor to the mineral's pink colors.

Crystals of the mineral can be prismatic to acicular and elongated along \[010\], bladed, blocky, or tabular and flattened on {100}, occur as a radiating aggregate, or have massive habit. Sérandite is a member of the wollastonite group and is the manganese analogue of pectolite. It is sometimes used as a gemstone.

## History

Serandite was discovered on Rouma Island, part of the Los Islands in Guinea. The mineral was described by À. Lacroix in the journal *Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences*. He named it *sérandite* in honor of J.M. Sérand, a mineral collector who helped in the collection of the mineral.

## Occurrence and distribution

Serandite has been found in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Guinea, Italy, Japan, Namibia, Norway, Russia, South Africa, and the United States. The type material is held at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.

At Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, serandite occurs in sodalite xenoliths and pegmatites cutting syenites within an intrusive alkalic gabbro-syenite complex. In Point of Rocks, New Mexico, it occurs in vugs in phonolite. At the Tumannoe deposit in Russia, serandite occurs in a manganese rich deposit associated with volcanic rocks and terrigenous (non-marine) sediments which has been altered by contact metamorphism.

Serandite has been found in association with aegirine, analcime, arfvedsonite, astrophyllite, eudialyte, fluorite, leucophanite, mangan-neptunite, microcline, nepheline, sodalite, and villiaumite.

### Bibliography

## Further reading

Media related to Serandite at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Serandite | |
| --- | --- |
| Serandite from Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada | |
| General | |
| Category | Inosilicates |
| Formula
(repeating unit) | Na(Mn2+,Ca)2Si3O8(OH) |
| IMA symbol | Srd |
| Strunz classification | 9.DG.05 |
| Dana classification | 65.2.1.5 |
| Crystal system | Triclinic |
| Crystal class | Pinacoidal (1)
(same H-M symbol) |
| Space group | *P*1 |
| Unit cell | a = 7.683(1) , b = 6.889(1) Å
c = 6.747(1) Å, α = 90.53(5)°
β = 94.12(2)°, γ = 102.75(2)°
Z = 2 |
| Identification | |
| Colour | salmon pink to orange |
| Twinning | Around \[010\] composition plane {100}, less commonly contact twin on {110} |
| Cleavage | Perfect on {001} and {100} |
| Fracture | Irregular, uneven |
| Tenacity | Brittle |
| Mohs scale hardness | 5 to 5.5 |
| Luster | Vitreous to greasy; fibrous aggregates are dull to silky |
| Streak | White |
| Diaphaneity | Transparent, Translucent |
| Density | 3.34 g/cm3 (measured) |
| Optical properties | Biaxial (+) |
| Refractive index | nα = 1.668
nβ = 1.671
nγ = 1.703 |
| Birefringence | δ = 0.035 |
| 2V angle | 39° |
| Dispersion | r \< v moderate |
| References |  |


title: Rank of an abelian group

abstract: In mathematics, the rank, Prüfer rank, or torsion-free rank of an abelian group A is the cardinality of a maximal linearly independent subset. The rank of A determines the size of the largest free abelian group contained in A. If A is torsion-free then it embeds into a vector space over the rational numbers of dimension rank A. For finitely generated abelian groups, rank is a strong invariant and every such group is determined up to isomorphism by its rank and torsion subgroup. Torsion-free abelian groups of rank 1 have been completely classified. However, the theory of abelian groups of higher rank is more involved. The term rank has a different meaning in the context of elementary abelian groups.

text:
# Rank of an abelian group

In mathematics, the **rank**, **Prüfer rank**, or **torsion-free rank** of an abelian group *A* is the cardinality of a maximal linearly independent subset. The rank of *A* determines the size of the largest free abelian group contained in *A*. If *A* is torsion-free then it embeds into a vector space over the rational numbers of dimension rank *A*. For finitely generated abelian groups, rank is a strong invariant and every such group is determined up to isomorphism by its rank and torsion subgroup. Torsion-free abelian groups of rank 1 have been completely classified. However, the theory of abelian groups of higher rank is more involved.

The term rank has a different meaning in the context of elementary abelian groups.

## Definition

A subset {*a**α*} of an abelian group *A* is **linearly independent** (over **Z**) if the only linear combination of these elements that is equal to zero is trivial: if

$$\sum \_{\alpha }n\_{\alpha }a\_{\alpha }=0,\quad n\_{\alpha }\in \mathbb {Z} ,$$

where all but finitely many coefficients *n**α* are zero (so that the sum is, in effect, finite), then all coefficients are zero. Any two maximal linearly independent sets in *A* have the same cardinality, which is called the **rank** of *A*.

The rank of an abelian group is analogous to the dimension of a vector space. The main difference with the case of vector space is a presence of torsion. An element of an abelian group *A* is classified as torsion if its order is finite. The set of all torsion elements is a subgroup, called the torsion subgroup and denoted *T*(*A*). A group is called torsion-free if it has no non-trivial torsion elements. The factor-group *A*/*T*(*A*) is the unique maximal torsion-free quotient of *A* and its rank coincides with the rank of *A*.

The notion of rank with analogous properties can be defined for modules over any integral domain, the case of abelian groups corresponding to modules over **Z**. For this, see finitely generated module#Generic rank.

## Properties

* The rank of an abelian group *A* coincides with the dimension of the **Q**-vector space *A***Q**. If *A* is torsion-free then the canonical map *A**A***Q** is injective and the rank of *A* is the minimum dimension of **Q**-vector space containing *A* as an abelian subgroup. In particular, any intermediate group **Z***n* \< *A* \< **Q***n* has rank *n*.
* Abelian groups of rank 0 are exactly the periodic abelian groups.
* The group **Q** of rational numbers has rank 1. Torsion-free abelian groups of rank 1 are realized as subgroups of **Q** and there is a satisfactory classification of them up to isomorphism. By contrast, there is no satisfactory classification of torsion-free abelian groups of rank 2.
* Rank is additive over short exact sequences: if

$$0\to A\to B\to C\to 0\\;$$

is a short exact sequence of abelian groups then rk *B* = rk *A* + rk *C*. This follows from the flatness of **Q** and the corresponding fact for vector spaces.

$$\operatorname {rank} \left(\bigoplus \_{j\in J}A\_{j}\right)=\sum \_{j\in J}\operatorname {rank} (A\_{j}),$$

where the sum in the right hand side uses cardinal arithmetic.

## Groups of higher rank

Abelian groups of rank greater than 1 are sources of interesting examples. For instance, for every cardinal *d* there exist torsion-free abelian groups of rank *d* that are indecomposable, i.e. cannot be expressed as a direct sum of a pair of their proper subgroups. These examples demonstrate that torsion-free abelian group of rank greater than 1 cannot be simply built by direct sums from torsion-free abelian groups of rank 1, whose theory is well understood. Moreover, for every integer $n\geq 3$, there is a torsion-free abelian group of rank $2n-2$ that is simultaneously a sum of two indecomposable groups, and a sum of *n* indecomposable groups. Hence even the number of indecomposable summands of a group of an even rank greater or equal than 4 is not well-defined.

Another result about non-uniqueness of direct sum decompositions is due to A.L.S. Corner: given integers $n\geq k\geq 1$, there exists a torsion-free abelian group *A* of rank *n* such that for any partition $n=r\_{1}+\cdots +r\_{k}$ into *k* natural summands, the group *A* is the direct sum of *k* indecomposable subgroups of ranks $r\_{1},r\_{2},\ldots ,r\_{k}$. Thus the sequence of ranks of indecomposable summands in a certain direct sum decomposition of a torsion-free abelian group of finite rank is very far from being an invariant of *A*.

Other surprising examples include torsion-free rank 2 groups *A**n*,*m* and *B**n*,*m* such that *A**n* is isomorphic to *B**n* if and only if *n* is divisible by *m*.

For abelian groups of infinite rank, there is an example of a group *K* and a subgroup *G* such that

* *K* is indecomposable;
* *K* is generated by *G* and a single other element; and
* Every nonzero direct summand of *G* is decomposable.

## Generalization

The notion of rank can be generalized for any module *M* over an integral domain *R*, as the dimension over *R*0, the quotient field, of the tensor product of the module with the field:

$$\operatorname {rank} (M)=\dim \_{0}M\otimes \_{R}R\_{0}$$

It makes sense, since *R*0 is a field, and thus any module (or, to be more specific, vector space) over it is free.

It is a generalization, since every abelian group is a module over the integers. It easily follows that the dimension of the product over **Q** is the cardinality of maximal linearly independent subset, since for any torsion element *x* and any rational *q*,

$$x\otimes \_{\mathbf {Z} }q=0.$$


title: Schacontia chanesalis

abstract: Schacontia chanesalis is a moth of the family Crambidae described by Herbert Druce in 1899. It is found in Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica and Venezuela. The length of the forewings is 4.5–9 mm. The baso-costal triangle on the forewings is flanked by white scaling towards the inner margin and in the medial area, which is outwardly shaded brown. The postmedial area is greyish brown. The ground colour of the hindwings is white or very light grey, but darker postmedially. Larvae have been reared from Podandrogyne decipiense.

text:
# Schacontia chanesalis

***Schacontia chanesalis*** is a moth of the family Crambidae described by Herbert Druce in 1899. It is found in Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica and Venezuela.

The length of the forewings is 4.5–9 mm. The baso-costal triangle on the forewings is flanked by white scaling towards the inner margin and in the medial area, which is outwardly shaded brown. The postmedial area is greyish brown. The ground colour of the hindwings is white or very light grey, but darker postmedially.

Larvae have been reared from *Podandrogyne decipiense*.

## InfoBox

| *Schacontia chanesalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Schacontia* |
| Species: | ***S. chanesalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Schacontia chanesalis***<br>(H. Druce, 1899) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pionea chanesalis* H. Druce, 1899 * *Schacontia replica* Dyar, 1914 * *Schacontia pfeifferi* Amsel, 1956 | |


title: Qiwllaqucha (Huancavelica)

abstract: Qiwllaqucha is a lake in the Huancavelica Region in Peru. It is located in the Huancavelica Province, Huancavelica District, south of Huancavelica.

text:
# Qiwllaqucha (Huancavelica)

**Qiwllaqucha** (Quechua *qillwa, qiwlla, qiwiña* gull, *qucha* lake, "gull lake", Hispanicized spelling *Jeullacocha*) is a lake in the Huancavelica Region in Peru. It is located in the Huancavelica Province, Huancavelica District, south of Huancavelica.

## InfoBox

| Qiwllaqucha | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Qiwllaqucha | |
| Location | Peru <br>Huancavelica Region |
| Coordinates | 12°51′30″S 74°59′20″W / 12.85833°S 74.98889°W / -12.85833; -74.98889 |


title: Suspensory muscle of duodenum

abstract: The suspensory muscle of duodenum is a thin muscle connecting the junction between the duodenum and jejunum, as well as the duodenojejunal flexure to connective tissue surrounding the superior mesenteric and coeliac arteries. The suspensory muscle most often connects to both the third and fourth parts of the duodenum, as well as the duodenojejunal flexure, although the attachment is quite variable. The suspensory muscle marks the formal division between the duodenum and the jejunum. This division is used to mark the difference between the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts, which is relevant in clinical medicine as it may determine the source of gastrointestinal bleeding. The suspensory muscle is derived from mesoderm and plays a role in the embryological rotation of the gut, by offering a point of fixation for the rotating gut. It is also thought to help digestion by widening the angle of the duodenojejunal flexure. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare abnormality caused by a congenitally short suspensory muscle.

text:
# Suspensory muscle of duodenum

The **suspensory muscle of duodenum** (also known as **suspensory ligament of duodenum**, **Treitz's muscle** or **ligament of Treitz**) is a thin muscle connecting the junction between the duodenum and jejunum (the small intestine's first and second parts, respectively), as well as the duodenojejunal flexure to connective tissue surrounding the superior mesenteric and coeliac arteries. The suspensory muscle most often connects to both the third and fourth parts of the duodenum, as well as the duodenojejunal flexure, although the attachment is quite variable.

The suspensory muscle marks the formal division between the duodenum and the jejunum. This division is used to mark the difference between the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts, which is relevant in clinical medicine as it may determine the source of gastrointestinal bleeding.

The suspensory muscle is derived from mesoderm and plays a role in the embryological rotation of the gut, by offering a point of fixation for the rotating gut. It is also thought to help digestion by widening the angle of the duodenojejunal flexure. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare abnormality caused by a congenitally short suspensory muscle.

## Structure

The duodenum and the jejunum are the first and second parts of the small intestine, respectively. The suspensory muscle of the duodenum marks their formal division. The suspensory muscle arises from the right crus of the diaphragm as it passes around the esophagus, continues as connective tissue around the stems of the celiac trunk (celiac artery) and superior mesenteric artery, passes behind the pancreas, and enters the upper part of the mesentery, inserting into the junction between the duodenum and jejunum, the duodenojejunal flexure. Here, the muscles are continuous with the muscular layers of the duodenum.

### Variation

Considerable anatomic variation exists, in terms of length and point of attachment. Despite the classical description, the muscle only solely attaches to the duodenojejunal flexure in about 8% of people; it is far more common, 40 to 60% of the time to attach additionally to the third and fourth parts of the duodenum; and 20 to 30% of the time it only attaches to the third and fourth parts. Moreover, separate multiple attachments are not that uncommon.

According to some authors, who use the original description by Treitz, the muscle may be divided into two sections: a ligamentous portion attaching the right crus of diaphragm to the connective tissue surrounding the coeliac artery and superior mesenteric artery; and a lower muscular portion from the connective tissue attaching to the duodenum. The superior portion is also described as the *Hilfsmuskel*. These two parts are now considered anatomically distinct, with the *suspensory muscle* referring solely to the lower structure attaching at the duodenum.

## Function

The ligament contains a slender band of skeletal muscle from the diaphragm and a fibromuscular band of smooth muscle from the horizontal and ascending parts of the duodenum. When it contracts, by virtue of connections to the third and fourth parts of the duodenum, the suspensory muscle of the duodenum widens the angle of the duodenojejunal flexure, allowing movement of the intestinal contents.

### Embryology

Embryologically, the suspensory muscle of the duodenum is derived from mesoderm. It plays an important role in the embryological rotation of the small intestine as the superior retention band.

## Clinical significance

This ligament is an important anatomical landmark of the duodenojejunal flexure, separating the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts. For example, bloody vomit or melena, black tarry stools, usually indicate a gastrointestinal bleed from a location in the upper gastrointestinal tract. In contrast, hematochezia, bright red blood or clots in the stool, usually indicates gastrointestinal bleeding from the lower part of the gastrointestinal tract. It is an especially important landmark to note when looking at the bowel for the presence of malrotation of the gut, a syndrome often suspected in young children when they have episodes of recurrent vomiting. Visualising a normal location of the ligament of Treitz in radiological images is critical in ruling out malrotation of the gut in a child; it is abnormally located when malrotation is present.

During a Whipple's procedure, commonly used to treat pancreatic cancer by removing the pancreas, duodenum, and part of the jejunum, the ligament of Treitz is separated from the duodenum and preserved. When the remaining jejunum is anastamosed with the pylorus of the stomach, it may be passed through the ligament.

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMA) is an extremely rare life-threatening condition that can either be congenital and chronic, or induced and acute. SMA Syndrome is characterised by compression of the duodenum between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery, and maywhen congenitalresult from a short suspensory muscle. One surgical treatment is *Strong's operation*, which involves cutting the suspensory muscle, though this is not often carried out.

## History

The suspensory muscle of the duodenum was first named in 1853 by Václav Treitz, as the **musculus suspensorius duodeni** (in Latin), and described as consisting of a lower muscular portion with a broad base, and an upper tendinous portion blending with connective tissue around the origins of the superior mesenteric and coeliac arteries. It is commonly termed the *ligament of Treitz* by clinicians and as the *suspensory muscle of the duodenum* by anatomists. It has also been likened to "a polar ice cap ... a structure that many refer to but few have seen."

## Additional images

## InfoBox

| Suspensory muscle of duodenum | |
| --- | --- |
| The duodenum. The suspensory muscle of the duodenum attaches to the duodenojejunal flexure, shown. | |
| The duodenum and jejunum depicted *in situ*. The suspensory muscle of the duodenum connects posteriorly to the duodenojejunal flexure, behind the pancreas, shown. | |
| Details | |
| System | Gastrointestinal |
| Origin | Connective tissue surrounding coeliac artery and superior mesenteric artery |
| Insertion | Third and fourth-parts of duodenum, duodenojejunal flexure |
| Nerve | Coeliac plexus, Superior mesenteric plexus |
| Actions | Facilitates movement of food; embryological role in fixating jejunum during gut rotation |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | *musculus suspensorius duodeni, ligamentum suspensorium duodeni* |
| TA98 | A05.6.02.011 |
| TA2 | 3781 |
| FMA | 20509 |
| Anatomical terms of muscle | |


title: Brent Estabrook

abstract: Brent Estabrook is an American artist best known for oil paintings of stuffed animals.

text:
# Brent Estabrook

**Brent Estabrook** is an American artist best known for oil paintings of stuffed animals.

## Early life and career

Brent completed BFA from the University of Arizona and has a Doctorate of Dental Surgery (DMD) from the University of Louisville. Estabrook uses a precise painting style and is most recognised for his large-scale oil paintings of stuffed animals. Influenced by his doctorate Estabook uses a unique technique for mixing and applying paint. He builds up a rich impasto that mimics the fibres of velvety fabric, velvet, and fleece with each thick, deeply coloured brushstroke and then he combines the unrestrained delight and curiosity typical of children's play with his painting approach.


title: Sanzo

abstract: Sanzo is an American brand of sparkling water flavored with Asian fruits. These flavors include lychee, yuzu, pomelo, calamansi, mango, and formerly Asian pear.

text:
# Sanzo

**Sanzo** is an American brand of sparkling water flavored with Asian fruits. These flavors include lychee, yuzu, pomelo, calamansi, mango, and formerly Asian pear.

## History

Sanzo was founded in 2019 by Sandro Roco, a Filipino American who grew up in the New York City metro area. Roco had the idea to start the company in mid-2018, citing a lack of Asian-inspired beverages in American grocery markets. Roco stated, "Crazy Rich Asians was the number one film at the box office, Korean pop was hitting a fever pitch, and the influence of Asian food and culture was really starting to make its mark on American culture. But when I walked the beverage aisles at both markets like Whole Foods and H-Mart, I didn’t feel there was anything properly capturing this shift in culture." Sanzo's initial flavors were calamansi, lychee, and mango.

In August 2020, Sanzo raised US$1.3 million in seed funding.

In February 2022, Sanzo announced a new yuzu flavor and shared that they had raised $10 million in Series A funding led by CircleUp Growth Partners. In March 2022, they became available in Whole Foods nationwide, which Roco cited as when "things started getting pretty interesting for us." Later that year, Sanzo partnered with professional basketball player Jeremy Lin to release a limited Asian pear flavor for the 10th anniversary of "Linsanity", a cultural phenomenon in response to Lin's performance during the 2011–12 NBA season.

In February 2023, Sanzo announced a new pomelo flavor. As of March 2023, the company had 18 employees and their drinks were available at Whole Foods Market, Target, and Panda Express, among other retailers.

## InfoBox

Sanzo
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Sparkling water |
| Introduced | 2019 (2019) |
| Website | drinksanzo.com |


title: Poor Greg Drowning

abstract: Poor Greg Drowning is a 2018 comedy film from writer and director Jeffrey Scott Collins, adapted from his short film Glimpses of Greg. It stars Graham Sibley, Marguerite Insolia, and Ajay Mehta, and was narrated by Cedric the Entertainer. An initial cut of the film premiered at the 2018 Sunscreen Film Festival in St. Petersburg, Florida. Comedy Dynamics released the film via multiple digital platforms on August 11, 2020.

text:
# Poor Greg Drowning

***Poor Greg Drowning*** is a 2018 comedy film from writer and director Jeffrey Scott Collins, adapted from his short film *Glimpses of Greg*. It stars Graham Sibley, Marguerite Insolia, and Ajay Mehta, and was narrated by Cedric the Entertainer. An initial cut of the film premiered at the 2018 Sunscreen Film Festival in St. Petersburg, Florida. Comedy Dynamics released the film via multiple digital platforms on August 11, 2020.

## Plot

A writer from New York named Greg Drowning falls in love with a new tenant renting a room in his Los Angeles home.

## Development

*Poor Greg Drowning* was adapted from director Jeffrey Scott Collins's short film *Glimpses of Greg*, and some footage from the short film was used in the feature. Collins mainly filmed *Poor Greg Drowning* on weekends. The animated sequences in the film were created by animator Steven Kamakanda, and were inspired by Collins' drawing of Greg as a stick figure used as a title card for *Glimpses of Greg*. The sequences were added after an early cut *Poor Greg Drowning* had played at festivals, with Cedric the Entertainer, who Collins worked with on *Why Him?*, agreeing to narrate the scenes. Some of the dialogue was improved by the actors on-set. The soundtrack was composed by Nicole Churchill, although Collins chose not to use music in several key dramatic moments throughout the film, as he felt it may distract from the comedy.

Filming began in June 2015 and ended in September 2016, and the film was shot with a small crew. After the early cut played at festivals, the final cut of the film was completed in March 2020. As the crew did not have a dedicated props department, they needed to mix together an assortment of foods in the kitchen at the location where they were filming to create the fake vomit for the scene where Greg vomits over his trainer’s feet. The final scenes in the film were filmed over a period of six days after the crew received additional funding to finish principal photography.

It was confirmed on April 27, 2020 that Comedy Dynamics had acquired *Poor Greg Drowning* and would release the film onto video on demand services on August 11.

## Reception

David Gelmini of Cultured Vultures awarded *Poor Greg Drowning* a score of 8 out of 10, praising the screenplay and the performances of the cast, and calling the film a “moving and powerful story about one man’s desperate attempt to find meaning and companionship in his life.” Markos Papadatos of Digital Journal awarded it 4.5 out of 5 stars, saying “The cast in this film is solid, and so is the directing.”

It won the People's Choice for Best Feature Film at the 2019 Borrego Springs Film Festival. Best Comedy Feature at the Queens World Film Festival, Best Director, Best Actor, and Best Actress awards at the Los Angeles Comedy Festival, and a Jury Prize at The Florida Comedy Film Festival.

## InfoBox

| Poor Greg Drowning | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Jeffrey Scott Collins |
| Written by | Jeffrey Scott Collins |
| Based on | *Glimpses of Greg* |
| Produced by | Jeffrey Scott Collins, Jessica Kraby, Andrea Topper |
| Starring | Graham Sibley, Marguerite Insolia, Ajay Mehta |
| Narrated by | Cedric the Entertainer |
| Music by | Gary Lionelli<br>Nicole Churchill |
| Distributed by | Comedy Dynamics |
| Release dates | * April 27, 2018 (2018-04-27) (Sunscreen Film Festival) * August 11, 2020 (2020-08-11) (digital) |
| Running time | 77 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Kris O'Dowd

abstract: Kristofer O'Dowd is a former American football center. He was signed by the Arizona Cardinals as an undrafted free agent in 2011. He played college football for the University of Southern California.

text:
# Kris O'Dowd

**Kristofer O'Dowd** (born May 14, 1988) is a former American football center. He was signed by the Arizona Cardinals as an undrafted free agent in 2011. He played college football for the University of Southern California.

## High school career

O'Dowd's 2006 honors included Parade All-American, EA Sports All-American first-team, Super Prep All-American, Prep Star All-American, USA Today All-USA second-team, Super Prep Elite 50, Prep Star 100, Rivals.com 100, Super Prep All-Farwest, Prep Star All-West, Scout.com All-West, Long Beach Press-Telegram Best in the West first-team, Orange County Register Fab 15 first-team, Tacoma News-Tribune Western 100 and All-State as a senior offensive lineman at Salpointe Catholic High in Tucson (Ariz.). He was also invited to play in the 2007 U.S. Army All-American Bowl alongside fellow USC recruits Marc Tyler, Chris Galippo, and Everson Griffen. He recorded 90 pancake blocks in 2006. As a junior in 2005, he made the All-State first-team. He also attended Salpointe Catholic Highschool in Tucson, Arizona.

## College career

The 6-foot-5, 300-pound O'Dowd is the first true freshman in USC history to start a game at center for the Trojans. According to USC officials, the last true freshman to start an opener on the offensive line was guard Travis Claridge against Penn State in 1996. Guard Brad Budde was the only other true freshman offensive lineman to start a post-World War II opener. Budde played against Missouri in 1976. His sophomore year, he was named to the 2008 First-team All-Pac-10.

He suffered a kneecap injury before the 2009 season, and had to sit out the opener against San Jose State; his spot was filled in by veteran tackle Jeff Byers.

## Professional career

### Arizona Cardinals

Despite being considered the 3rd best Center prospect in the NFL draft, O'Dowd was not selected in the 2011 NFL draft. He was signed as a free agent by the Arizona Cardinals. He was released on September 2, 2011.

### New York Jets

The New York Jets signed O'Dowd on March 13, 2012. He was waived on May 6, 2012.

### Seattle Seahawks

O'Dowd was signed by the Seattle Seahawks on August 16, 2012.

## InfoBox

Kristofer O'Dowd
| O'Dowd makes the USC "V" for victory sign after a 2008 fall practice at USC | |
| --- | --- |
| No. 60 | |
| Position: | Center |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1988-05-14) May 14, 1988<br>Tucson, Arizona, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) |
| Weight: | 304 lb (138 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Tucson (AZ) Salpointe |
| College: | Southern California |
| Undrafted: | 2011 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
| * First-team All-Pac-10 (2008) * Second-team Sophomore All-American (2008) * USC Offensive Lineman of the year (2008) | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Sergio Schiaffino

abstract: Sergio Schiaffino Pérez is a Mexican professional gridiron football defensive back for the Dinos de Saltillo of the Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional (LFA).

text:
# Sergio Schiaffino

**Sergio Schiaffino Pérez** (born 18 September 1992) is a Mexican professional gridiron football defensive back for the Dinos de Saltillo of the Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional (LFA).

## Early life

Schiaffino was born in Monterrey, Nuevo León on 18 September 1992. He started playing American football in 1998 in his hometown with Club Águilas and later joined Borregos Salvajes Monterrey youth teams until he was offered a scholarship to play college football with ITESM Monterrey.

## College career

Schiaffino played college football with the Borregos Salvajes Monterrey from 2012 to 2016 and majored in Industrial Engineering.

Schiaffino was part of the Mexican team that won the 2016 World University American Football Championship.

## Professional career

In 2017, Schiaffino was signed by the Monterrey Steel of the National Arena League. He was named the 2017 season Defensive Rookie of the Year.

Schiaffino was signed by the Dinos de Saltillo of the Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional (LFA) ahead of the 2018 season.

In 2019, Schiaffino was drafted by the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in the 2019 CFL–LFA Draft and made it to the practice roster.

In 2020, Schiaffino returned to the Dinos de Saltillo and played with the team for the 2020 season until it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

After two seasons in the practice squad, Schiaffino made his CFL debut with the Blue Bombers in September 2021, becoming the first Mexican defensive back to play in the CFL.

In 2022, Schiaffino returned to play with the Dinos de Saltillo.

## InfoBox

Sergio Schiaffino
| No. 24 – Dinos de Saltillo | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Defensive back |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1992-09-18) 18 September 1992<br>Monterrey, Nuevo León |
| Height: | 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) |
| Weight: | 185 lb (84 kg) |
| Career information | |
| College: | ITESM Monterrey |
| CFL draft: | 2019 LFA / round: 1 / pick: 8 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **CFL.ca** | |
|  | |


title: Evaluation and Program Planning

abstract: Evaluation and Program Planning is a bimonthly peer-reviewed multidisciplinary social science journal covering program evaluation. It was established in 1974 by Jonathan A. Morell and Eugenie Walsh Flaherty and originally published by Pergamon Press. It is currently published by Elsevier and the editor-in-chief is Mita Marra. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2018 impact factor of 1.240.

text:
# Evaluation and Program Planning

***Evaluation and Program Planning*** is a bimonthly peer-reviewed multidisciplinary social science journal covering program evaluation. It was established in 1974 by Jonathan A. Morell and Eugenie Walsh Flaherty and originally published by Pergamon Press. It is currently published by Elsevier (which acquired Pergamon Press) and the editor-in-chief is Mita Marra (University of Naples Federico II). According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal has a 2018 impact factor of 1.240.

## InfoBox

*Evaluation and Program Planning*
| Discipline | Social science |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Mita Marra |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1974–present |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Frequency | Bimonthly |
| Impact factor | 1.240 (2018) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Eval. Program Plan.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| CODEN | EPPLDO |
| ISSN | 0149-7189 (print)
1873-7870 (web)
 |
| LCCN | 78643732 |
| OCLC no. | 905454170 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Sceloporus occidentalis occidentalis

abstract: Sceloporus occidentalis occidentalis is a subspecies of the western fence lizard. The common name for this taxon is the northwestern fence lizard. This lizard occurs in the state of Washington in the United States.

text:
# Sceloporus occidentalis occidentalis

***Sceloporus occidentalis occidentalis*** is a subspecies of the western fence lizard. The common name for this taxon is the **northwestern fence lizard**. This lizard occurs in the state of Washington in the United States.

## Line notes

## InfoBox

| Northwestern fence lizard | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Iguania |
| Family: | Phrynosomatidae |
| Genus: | *Sceloporus* |
| Species: | *S. occidentalis* |
| Subspecies: | ***S. o. occidentalis*** |
| Trinomial name | |
| ***Sceloporus occidentalis occidentalis***<br>Baird and Girard, 1852 | |


title: Ernst Herbeck

abstract: Ernst Herbeck was an Austrian poet. In 1940, at the age of 20, Herbeck was committed to the national mental hospital in Lower Austria (Niederösterreich) where he spent almost his entire life, writing thousands of poems, until his death on 11 September 1991.

text:
# Ernst Herbeck

**Ernst Herbeck** (9 October 1920, Stockerau, Lower Austria  11 September 1991) was an Austrian poet. In 1940, at the age of 20, Herbeck was committed to the national mental hospital in Lower Austria (Niederösterreich) where he spent almost his entire life, writing thousands of poems, until his death on 11 September 1991.

## Life

Herbeck grew up in Stockerau, Lower Austria, where at the age of 20 whilst working as an unskilled worker in a munitions factory, began displaying signs of schizophrenia. He was first committed in 1940, but at times his condition would improve momentarily. In October 1944 he was even called into military service only to be discharged in March 1945. A year after the end of the war Herbeck was committed indefinitely. After fifteen years in an institution Herbeck began writing poetry, often referred to as naive, his poetry is notable for its brevity and peculiar turn of phrase. The titles of many of his poems are the names of animals that were offered to him by his psychiatrist Leo Navratil as exercises. Two years before his death Herbeck gave over 1,000 of his handwritten sheets to the Austrian national library as donation.

## Legacy

W. G. Sebald wrote an article about Herbeck entitled *Das Häschens Kind, der kleine Has*: On the poet Ernst Herbeck's totem animal, the hare, collected in the book Campo Santo. Sebald also recounts a visit with an elderly Ernst Herbeck in his novel *Vertigo*. Herbeck also featured as a character in Philipp Weiss's 2013 play *Ein schöner Hase ist meistens der Einzellne*.


title: Surfact

abstract: Surfact were a Danish rock band formed in 2003. They first got noticed in 2006 when they won the Starfighters competition, and subsequently released their debut album Terrific Downfall. Although they didn't break through commercially until 2009 when they released their second album Euphoria, which spawned the hit singles "Absolutely Shameless" and "All Night Overload". The band toured both Europe and the United States, but are mostly known in Scandinavia. On May 12, 2014, the band announced on their Facebook page that they had played their last show and would not be continuing as a band.

text:
# Surfact

**Surfact** were a Danish rock band formed in 2003.

They first got noticed in 2006 when they won the Starfighters competition, and subsequently released their debut album *Terrific Downfall*. Although they didn't break through commercially until 2009 when they released their second album *Euphoria*, which spawned the hit singles "Absolutely Shameless" and "All Night Overload".

The band toured both Europe and the United States, but are mostly known in Scandinavia. On May 12, 2014, the band announced on their Facebook page that they had played their last show and would not be continuing as a band.

## Discography

### Albums

## InfoBox

| Surfact | |
| --- | --- |
| Surfact | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Horsens, Denmark |
| Genres | Hard rock, post-grunge |
| Years active | 2003–2014 |
| Labels | Transbam |
|  | |
| Members | Jesper Storgaard
Claus Bach
Martin Kristoffersen
Niels Lykke Rasmussen
Jeppe Sig |
|  | |
| Website | https://www.facebook.com/surfact |


title: Briarcliff Plaza

abstract: Briarcliff Plaza, also known as Ponce de Leon Plaza, is a strip mall-type shopping center designed by architect George Harwell Bond and opened in 1939 at the southwest corner of Ponce de Leon Avenue and Highland Avenue in the Poncey-Highland neighborhood of Atlanta. Braircliff Plaza was developed by Relnac Inc., and was proposed to cost $300,000. Construction began after the last home on the block was purchased by Relnac Inc., the Dr. Robin Adair estate, and Briarcliff Plaza opened throughout 1939 with businesses such as Dupree Dry Cleaners, Blick’s Bowling Alley, Holcomb Flowers, the Georgia Fruit & Vegetable Company and Nick Caruso’s Big Place which offered shoe repair, hat cleaning, pressing, repairing and hat cleaning. It was Atlanta's first shopping center with off-street parking. It is anchored by the historic Plaza Theatre and Urban Outfitters. A portion of the historic plaza area was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2020.

text:
# Briarcliff Plaza

**Briarcliff Plaza**, also known as **Ponce de Leon Plaza**, is a strip mall-type shopping center designed by architect George Harwell Bond and opened in 1939 at the southwest corner of Ponce de Leon Avenue and Highland Avenue in the Poncey-Highland neighborhood of Atlanta. Braircliff Plaza was developed by Relnac Inc., and was proposed to cost $300,000. Construction began after the last home on the block was purchased by Relnac Inc., the Dr. Robin Adair estate, and Briarcliff Plaza opened throughout 1939 with businesses such as Dupree Dry Cleaners, Blick’s Bowling Alley, Holcomb Flowers, the Georgia Fruit & Vegetable Company and Nick Caruso’s Big Place which offered shoe repair, hat cleaning, pressing, repairing and hat cleaning. It was Atlanta's first shopping center with off-street parking. It is anchored by the historic Plaza Theatre and Urban Outfitters. A portion of the historic plaza area was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2020.

## Druid Apartments

The Druid Apartments originally occupied the site. The $75,000 building was built in 1917 as a project of patent medicine magnate and real estate developer George Francis Willis. In 1920, Forrest and George Adair brokered a deal whereby Willis sold the apartments for $125,000 to Alex F. Marcus and Charles F. Ursenbach - both brothers-in-law of Leo Frank, who had famously been lynched in 1915.

33°46′24″N 84°21′11″W / 33.7733°N 84.3530°W / 33.7733; -84.3530


title: Cachito de Cielo (song)

abstract: Cachito de Cielo, is a song written, arranged and performed by Mexican recording artist Pedro Fernández. The song was released on the special edition album "No Que No... edición especial" in 2012 and released as a single in 2013. This song was the theme song of the popular telenovela Cachito de cielo in which Pedro starred as the protagonist. He wrote the song while thinking about the plot of the novel. Pedro Fernández won the Latin Grammy Award for Best Regional Mexican Song (2013) as songwriter and performing artist for "Cachito de Cielo". Live performance. This was Pedro's third Latin Grammy Awarded to him for his music.

text:
# Cachito de Cielo (song)

***Cachito de Cielo*** (*Little bit of Heaven*), is a song written, arranged and performed by Mexican recording artist Pedro Fernández. The song was released on the special edition album "*No Que No... edición especial*" in 2012 and released as a single in 2013.

This song was the theme song of the popular telenovela *Cachito de cielo* in which Pedro starred as the protagonist. He wrote the song while thinking about the plot of the novel.

Pedro Fernández won the Latin Grammy Award for Best Regional Mexican Song (2013) as songwriter and performing artist for "Cachito de Cielo". Live performance. This was Pedro's third Latin Grammy Awarded to him for his music.

## InfoBox

| "Cachito de Cielo" | |
| --- | --- |
| Pedro Fernández | |
| Single by Pedro Fernández | |
| from the album  *No Que No... edición especial* | |
| Released | 2013 |
| Recorded | 2012 |
| Genre | Ranchera, Latin ballad, Mariachi, Latin pop |
| Length | 4:05 |
| Label | Capitol Latin, Universal Music Latin Entertainment |
| Songwriter(s) | Pedro Fernández |
| Producer(s) | Pedro Fernández |
| ***Winner: Latin Grammy Best Song 2013*** | |


title: Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ

abstract: The Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ (PHJC) is a female congregation of the Catholic Church. It originated in Dernbach (Westerwald), Germany, where the generalate is still located. Their organization for associates is also open to men. The Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ American Province has its motherhouse in Donaldson, Indiana.

text:
# Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ

The **Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ** (PHJC) is a female congregation of the Catholic Church. It originated in Dernbach (Westerwald), Germany, where the generalate is still located. Their organization for *associates* (like Fiat Spiritus) is also open to men. The Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ American Province has its motherhouse in Donaldson, Indiana.

## History

The founder of the Poor Handmaids was Maria Katharina Kasper (also known in English as Catherine Kasper) of Dernbach, Germany. She was beatified by Pope Paul VI on 16 April 1978. Pope Francis confirmed her canonization, which was celebrated on 14 October 2018 in Saint Peter's Square.

The official foundation date of the congregation is 15 August 1851. On this date Katharina Kasper took the vows of celibacy, obedience and poverty before the bishop of Limburg, Peter Joseph Blum. She was accompanied by four other women: Katharina Schoenberger, who took the religious name Theresia; Elisabeth Haas, who took the name Agnes; Anna Maria Mueller, who took the name Elisabeth; and Elisabeth Meuser, who took the name Klara. Since Dernbach did not yet have a church, the ceremony took place in the nearby village of Wirges. (The exact location, if church or vicarage, is a matter of debate between historians.)

The congregation grew rapidly, opening houses throughout Germany, the Netherlands, and England.

### Stations in the Austro-Hungarian Empire and its successor states

The sisters founded eight stations in various towns in the Czech part of the Austro-Hungarian empire:

* Prague, a monastery (Kloster zum hl. Joseph; 01.06.1881 - 09.08.1945)
* Prague, an orphanage (Waisenhaus zum hl. Schutzengel; 13.09.1895 - 11.05.1945)
* Weipert, a poorhouse and old peoples' home (Armenhaus; 02.09.1896 - 13.07.1943)
* Weipert, a hospital (10.03.1909 - 18.11.1946)
* Bürgstein, a monastery (St. Johannes von Nepomuk; 16.10.1890 - 09.08.1945)
* Hirschberg, a monastery (St. Josephskloster; 10.07.1893 - 02.08.1945)
* Böhmisch-Kamnitz, the regional hospital (Bezirkskrankenhaus; 31.10.1895 - 27.11.1946)
* Türmitz, a monastery (Kloster Immakulata; 10.10.1887 - 01.08.1945)

None of these stations survived.

### The stations in Great Britain

The sisters established three main stations in England. They were intended as a refuge, in case the Kulturkampf made such steps necessary. All were located in the diocese of Westminster:

* London (1876 - 1941)
* Walthamstow (1898 - 1940)
* the Convent of St Joseph, in Hendon (established 1882; school added by 1900)

The London and Walthamstow stations were destroyed in World War II.

### In the United States

In 1868, due to the large German-speaking population in the Diocese of Fort Wayne, Bishop John Henry Luers invited the sisters of Dernbach to come to the diocese. Luers himself was born in Münster (Germany). His family had emigrated when he was about thirteen. He became the first bishop of Fort Wayne (1848–1871).

On 8 August 1868 the first eight sisters left Dernbach (Prussia) to sail for the US from Le Havre, (France). Rosa Blum, the niece of the bishop of Blum, served as their superior. The other seven were Eudoxia Bender, Hyazintha Neuroth, Matrona Moehring, Facunda Wand, Bella Sienoecke, Henrica Sienoecke, and Corona Jahn. They were chosen out of 200 sisters who had volunteered to serve in the US. They boarded the ship on the 13th and reached New York on 24 August 1868. After a brief stay, they took the train to Fort Wayne, Indiana. From there, they took a horse-drawn cart to Hessen Cassel, Indiana. There they established their first mission on the feast of St. Rose, 30 August 1868. They nursed the sick, and looked after the parish church.

On 4 May 1869, St. Joseph Hospital became the first American hospital founded by the Poor Handmaids. It was located in the former Rockhill Hotel near Fort Wayne, and also served as the motherhouse of the order. They operated a school of nursing from 1918 to 1968, and operated the hospital until 1998, when it was sold. St. Joseph's is now a member of the Lutheran Health Network.

The first parochial school the sisters took charge of was that of St. Paul's in Fort Wayne, of which they took charge on 6 October 1869. They also engaged in private nursing, caring for the sick in their homes. St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum, also in Fort Wayne, came under their care in 1887. St. Roch's Sanatarium for consumption opened in 1899; Holy Family Hospital in La Porte, Indiana in 1900. They were also active in the dioceses of Belleville and Alton.

The sisters were introduced to the local community by Edward Koenig, pastor of St. Paul's Church at Fort Wayne. In due course, Koenig remained as an advisor with the sisters at their newly established motherhouse in Fort Wayne, serving as a liaison between the sisters and the bishop. He fulfilled this function for three consecutive bishops of the Fort Wayne diocese (John Henry Luers, Joseph Gregory Dwenger and Joseph Rademacher) until his death on 22 January 1898.

In October 1868, the vicar general of Chicago, Peter Fischer, asked for three sisters to serve in a German orphanage on the north side of Chicago. On 10 November 1868, they began their ministry at Angel Guardian Orphanage. The orphanage closed in 1978.

In the early 1920s, the motherhouse in America moved from Fort Wayne, Indiana to Donaldson. In 1937, the Poor Handmaids established Ancilla College as an extension of DePaul University to train candidates and novices. In 1966, Ancilla became a two-year private junior college. In 2021, Ancilla College merged into Marian University.

The American province is headquartered in Donaldson, Indiana.

## Present day

The Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ is an international congregation of apostolic women religious within the Roman Catholic Church. They minister with the poor, the sick and children in Germany, the Netherlands (1859), United States (1868), England (1876), India (1970), Mexico (1988), Brazil (1993), Kenya (2000), and Nigeria (2006).

With prayer and community living as their foundation, they minister in rural, urban and inner city settings in the Midwest (USA). In Kenya, they run the St. Anne Mission hospital, which is sponsored by the Diocese of Meru.

The Notre Dame Archives is the repository for the Archives of the American Province of the Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ". *Catholic Encyclopedia*. New York: Robert Appleton Company.


title: Darren Modoo

abstract: Darren Modoo, is a Grenadian professional footballer who currently plays for GFA Premier Division side Paradise FC.

text:
# Darren Modoo

**Darren Modoo** (born 21 May 1998), is a Grenadian professional footballer who currently plays for GFA Premier Division side Paradise FC.

## International career

Modoo made his international debut on 29 April 2017, replacing Jamal Charles in the 70th minute.

## Athletics career

As well as football, Modoo also competes in athletics, and has represented Grenada in javelin at the 2016 CARIFTA Games.

## Career statistics

### International

*As of matches played 2 June 2020.*

| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Grenada | 2017 | 5 | 0 |
| Total | | 5 | 0 |

## InfoBox

Darren Modoo
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1998-05-21) 21 May 1998 | | |
| Place of birth | Mirabeau, Grenada | | |
| Height | 1.90 m (6 ft 3 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2017–2018 | Paradise FC |  |  |
| 2018– | SAB Spartans |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 2017 | Grenada | 5 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 17:57, 2 June 2020 (UTC)<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 17:57, 2 June 2020 (UTC) | | | |