title: Commemorative coins of Malta

text:
# Commemorative coins of Malta

Since introducing its own currency in 1972 Malta has issued a number of commemorative coins. The Jean De La Valette commemorative coins issued in 2007 were the last commemorative coins to be denominated in the Maltese lira as Malta joined the eurozone on 1 January 2008. Most of the commemorative coins issued by Malta were struck in gold or silver and sometimes in Copper and Nickel alloys.

## 1972 Coinage

These were the first commemorative coins to be issued by Malta.

* 1972 Manwel Dimech Silver £M 1
* 1972 Fort St. Angelo (Forti Sant' Anġlu) Silver £M 2
* 1972 Hand-held Torch over map of Malta Gold £M 5
* 1972 Maltese stone charcoal stove (Kenur) Gold £M 10
* 1972 Merill \- Malta's National Bird Gold £M 20
* 1972 Neptune Statue (Nettunu) Gold £M 50

## 1973 Coinage

* 1973 Sir Temi Zammit Silver £M 1
* 1973 Mdina Gate (Bieb l-Imdina) Silver £M 2
* 1973 Senglea vedette (Gardjola) Gold £M 10
* 1973 Dolphin Fountain (Funtana tad-Dniefel) Gold £M 20
* 1973 Auberge de Castille (Berġa ta' Kastilja) Gold £M 50

## 1974 Coinage

## 1975 Coinage

The 1975 coins were minted twice, with different coats of arms on the reverse.

* 1975 Alfonso Maria Galea Silver £M 2
* 1975 St Agatha's Tower (Torri ta' Sant' Agata) at Qammiegħ Silver £M 4
* 1975 Maltese Falcon Gold £M 10
* 1975 The Fresh Water Crab (Qabru) Gold £M 20
* 1975 Ornamental Stone Balcony (Gallarija tal-Ġebel) Gold £M 50

## 1976 Coinage

* 1976 Ġużè Ellul Mercer Silver £M 2
* 1976 Fort Manoel Gate (Bieb il-Forti Manwel) Silver £M 4
* 1976 Swallow Tail Butterfly (Farfett tal-Fejġel) Gold £M 10
* 1976 Kanġu ta' Filfla Gold £M 20
* 1976 Ornamental Maltese door knocker (Ħabbata) Gold £M 50

## 1977 Coinage

## 1979 Coinage

* 1979 Foreign Military Facilities in Malta Silver £M 1

## 1981 Coinage

* 1981 First World Food Day (Jum Dinji tal-Ikel) Silver £M 2
* 1981 UN Children's Fund (Fonti tal-ĠM għat-Tfal) Silver £M 5

## 1983 Coinage

* 1983 Understanding Gold £M 100
* 1983 Architectural Barriers Silver £M 5

## 1984 Coinage

* 1984 First World Fisheries Conference Silver £M 5
* 1984 Wignacourt (1844), Tigre (1839), Providenza (1848), Strangier (1813) Silver £M 5
* 1984 Decade for Women Silver £M 5

## 1985 Coinage

* 1985 Malta - 1862 Silver £M 5
* 1985 Maria Dacoutros - 1902 Silver £M 5
* 1985 Tagliaferro - 1882 Silver £M 5
* 1985 L'Isle Adam \- 1883 Silver £M 5

## 1986 Coinage

* 1986 Dwejra II - 1969 Silver Lm 5
* 1986 Knight of Malta \- 1929 Silver Lm 5
* 1986 Saver - 1943 Silver Lm 5
* 1986 Valletta City - 1917 Silver Lm 5

## 1988 Coinage

* 1988 20th Anniversary CBM Silver Lm 5

## 1989 Coinage

* 1989 25th Anniversary of Malta's Independence Gold Lm 100
* 1989 25th Anniversary of Malta's Independence Silver Lm 2

## 1990 Coinage

* 1990 Visit to Malta Pope John Paul II Silver Lm 5
* 1990 EEC - Malta Association Agreement Silver Lm 5

## 1991 Coinage

* 1991 Save the Children Fund Silver Lm 5

## 1992 Coinage

* 1992 George Cross Silver Lm 5
* 1992 George Cross Gold Lm 25

## 1993 Coinage

* 1993 430 Years in Defence Christian Europe Gold Lm 25
* 1993 430 Years in Defence Christian Europe Silver Lm 5
* 1993 430 Years in Defence Christian Europe Cu Ni Lm 1
* 1993 25th Anniversary of CBM Silver Lm 5
* 1993 University of Malta Silver Lm 5
* 1993 World Cup 1994 Silver Lm 5

## 1994 Coinage

* 1994 Valletta Silver Lm 5

## 1995 Coinage

* 1995 UN 50th Anniversary Silver Lm 5

## 1996 Coinage

* 1996 Olympic Games Silver Lm 5

## 1997 Coinage

* 1997 UNICEF for the Children of the World Silver Lm 5

## 1998 Coinage

* 1998 30th Anniversary of CBM Silver Lm 5
* 1998 200th Anniversary Revolt Maltese vs French Silver Lm 5

## 1999 Coinage

* 1999 Mattia Preti Silver Lm 5

## 2000 Coinage

* 2000 Millennium Coin Silver Lm 5

## 2001 Coinage

* 2001 Enrico Mizzi Silver Lm 5

## 2002 Coinage

* 2002 Xprunara Gold Lm 10
* 2002 Nicolò Isouard Silver Lm 5

## 2003 Coinage

* 2003 Sir Adriano Dingli Silver Lm 5

## 2004 Coinage

Malta joined the European Union on 1 May 2004, to commemorate this, Malta issued a gold commemorative coin with a face value of Lm 25

* 2004 Malta's Accession to the European Union Gold Lm 25
* 2004 Giuseppe Calì Silver Lm 5

## 2006 Coinage

* 2006 Sir Temi Zammit Silver Lm 5

## 2007 Coinage

These were the last Maltese commemorative coins of the Maltese lira

* 2007 Jean De La Valette Silver Lm 5
* 2007 Jean De La Valette Gold Lm 25

## Since 2008


abstract: The Commission scolaire de la Rivière-du-Nord (CSRDN) was a francophone school district in the Canadian province of Quebec. Its headquarters are in Saint-Jérôme. It comprises several primary schools and high schools across municipalities in the Laurentides region. The commission is overseen by a board of elected school trustees.

text:
# Commission scolaire de la Rivière-du-Nord

The **Commission scolaire de la Rivière-du-Nord** (**CSRDN**) was a francophone school district in the Canadian province of Quebec. Its headquarters are in Saint-Jérôme.

It comprises several primary schools and high schools across municipalities in the Laurentides region. The commission is overseen by a board of elected school trustees.

## Schools

### Secondary schools

### Primary schools

* du Parchemin (Mirabel)
* à l'Orée-des-Bois (Saint-Colomban)
* à l'Unisson (Mirabel)
* alternative de la Fourmilière (Saint-Jérôme)
* aux Quatre-Vents (Mirabel)
* Bellefeuille (Saint-Jérôme)
* Bouchard (Brownsburg-Chatham)
* Dansereau/Saint-Martin (Grenville)
* de la Croisée-des-Champs (Mirabel)
* De La Durantaye (Saint-Jérôme)
* de la Source (Saint-Jérôme)
* de la Volière (Saint-Colomban)
* de l'Envolée (Saint-Jérôme)
* de l'Horizon-Soleil (Saint-Jérôme)
* des Falaises (Prévost)
* des Hautbois (Saint-Colomban)
* des Hauteurs (Saint-Hippolyte)
* du Champ-Fleuri (Prévost)
* du Joli-Bois (Sainte-Sophie)
* Dubois (Saint-Jérôme)
* Jean-Moreau (Sainte-Sophie)
* l'Oasis (Lachute)
* Mariboisé (Saint-Jérôme)
* Mer-et-Monde (Mirabel)
* Notre-Dame (Saint-Jérôme)
* Prévost (Saint-Jérôme)
* Richer (Saint-Jérôme)
* Sacré-Coeur (Saint-Jérôme)
* Saint-Alexandre (Lachute)
* Saint-André (Saint-André d'Argenteuil)
* Sainte-Anne (Mirabel)
* Sainte-Paule (Saint-Jérôme)
* Sainte-Sophie (Sainte-Sophie)
* Sainte-Thérèse-de-l'Enfant-Jésus (Saint-Jérôme)
* Saint-Hermas (Mirabel)
* Saint-Jean-Baptiste (Saint-Jérôme)
* Saint-Joseph (Saint-Jérôme)
* Saint-Julien (Lachute)
* Saint-Philippe (Brownsburg-Chatham)
* Sans-Frontières (Saint-Jérôme)
* Val-des-Monts (Prévost)


title: Commission scolaire de langue française

abstract: The Commission scolaire de langue française is a school district in Abram-Village, Prince Edward Island, Canada. The Commission scolaire de langue française is a Francophone district operating 6 public schools across the province. Current enrollment is approximately 673 students. The Commission scolaire de langue française is headquartered in Abrams Village. The Commission scolaire de langue française was created in the 1990s when Regional School Unit 5 was renamed and its mandate extended province-wide.

text:
# Commission scolaire de langue française

The **Commission scolaire de langue française** is a school district in Abram-Village, Prince Edward Island, Canada.

The Commission scolaire de langue française is a Francophone district operating 6 public schools (gr. 1–12) across the province. Current enrollment is approximately 673 students. The Commission scolaire de langue française is headquartered in Abrams Village.

The Commission scolaire de langue française was created in the 1990s when Regional School Unit 5 was renamed and its mandate extended province-wide.

## Évangéline Family

## François-Buote Family

## La-Belle-Cloche Family

## InfoBox

| Commission scolaire de langue françaiseThe Success Is Everyone's Business | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Abram-Village Canada | |
| District information | |
| Chair of the board | Robert Maddix |
| Schools | 6 |
| Students and staff | |
| Students | 673 |
| Other information | |
| Website | www.edu.pe.ca/cslf |


title: Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866)

abstract: The Colony of British Columbia was a crown colony in British North America from 1858 until 1866 that was founded by Richard Clement Moody, who was selected to 'found a second England on the shores of the Pacific', who was Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works for British Columbia and the first Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia. Prior to the arrival of Moody's Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment, the Colony's supreme authority was its Governor James Douglas, who was the Governor of the neighbouring colony of Vancouver Island. This first colony of British Columbia did not originally include the Colony of Vancouver Island, or the regions north of the Nass and Finlay rivers, or the regions east of the Rocky Mountains, or any of the coastal islands, but it did include the Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands, and was enlarged in 1863 in the north and northeast up to the 60th parallel and the 120th meridian. The colony was incorporated with the Colony of Vancouver Island in 1866 to create the new Colony of British Columbia (1866–1871).

text:
# Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866)

The **Colony of British Columbia** was a crown colony in British North America from 1858 until 1866 that was founded by Richard Clement Moody, who was selected to 'found a second England on the shores of the Pacific', who was Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works for British Columbia and the first Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia. Prior to the arrival of Moody's Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment, the Colony's supreme authority was its Governor James Douglas, who was the Governor of the neighbouring colony of Vancouver Island.

This first colony of British Columbia did not originally include the Colony of Vancouver Island, or the regions north of the Nass and Finlay rivers, or the regions east of the Rocky Mountains, or any of the coastal islands, but it did include the Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands, and was enlarged in 1863 in the north and northeast up to the 60th parallel and the 120th meridian. The colony was incorporated with the Colony of Vancouver Island in 1866 to create the new Colony of British Columbia (1866–1871).

## Background

The explorations of James Cook and George Vancouver, and the concessions of Spain in 1794 established British claims over the coastal area north of California. Similar claims were established inland via the explorations of such men as John Finlay, Sir Alexander Mackenzie, Simon Fraser, Samuel Black, and David Thompson, and by the subsequent establishment of fur trading posts by the North West Company and the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC). However, until 1858, the region which now comprises the mainland of the Province of British Columbia was an unorganised area of British North America comprising two fur trading districts: New Caledonia, north of the Thompson River drainage; and the Columbia District, located south of the Thompson and throughout the basin of the Columbia River.

With the signing of the Treaty of Washington in 1846, which established the US border along the 49th parallel, the HBC moved the headquarters of its western operations from Fort Vancouver on the Columbia River (present day Vancouver, Washington) to the newly established Fort Victoria, on the southern tip of Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island and the surrounding Gulf Islands in the Strait of Georgia were organized as a crown colony in 1849. Meanwhile, the mainland continued to function under the *de facto* administration of the HBC, whose chief executive, James Douglas, was also governor of Vancouver Island. The non-Indigenous mainland population during this time never exceeded about 150 at Fort Victoria, mostly HBC employees and their families.

## Governorship of James Douglas

By 1857, Americans and British were beginning to respond to rumors of gold in the Thompson River area. Almost overnight, some ten to twenty thousand men moved into the region around present-day Yale, British Columbia, sparking the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush. Governor Douglas - who had no legal authority over New Caledonia – stationed a gunboat at the entrance of the Fraser River to exert such authority by collecting licences from prospectors attempting to make their way upstream. To normalize its jurisdiction, and undercut any HBC claims to the resource wealth of the mainland, the district was converted to a Crown colony on 2 August 1858 by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, and given the name British Columbia. Douglas was offered the governorship of the new colony by the British colonial secretary, Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton, provided that he sever his employment by the Hudson's Bay Company, that Douglas accepted to do, and received a knighthood.

The numerous immigration into the new colony obliged Douglas to act quickly to define regulations and to create infrastructure. Magistrates and constables were hired, mining regulations drawn up, and town sites surveyed at Yale, Hope and Fort Langley to discourage squatting on crown land. In addition, roads were constructed into the areas of greatest mining exploration around Lillooet and Lytton. The colony, however, was not immediately granted a representative colonial assembly, because of uncertainty as to whether the gold rush would yield a stable, settled population. Douglas, who had conflicted with the assembly on Vancouver Island, was relieved.

The rush indeed was short lived, and the exodus of miners, speculators, and merchants was already underway by the time the Royal Engineers had laid out the colony's new capital at New Westminster. Prospecting continued, however, and additional finds farther inland in the Cariboo region in 1860 signalled an impending second gold rush. Provisioning was already proving to be an acute problem, and with more distant finds it became clear that wagon trains would have to replace pack horses, necessitating new infrastructure.

Throughout his tenure in British Columbia, Douglas feuded with Richard Clement Moody, who was the first Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia, and the Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works for British Columbia, whose jurisdiction overlapped with that of Douglas. Moody's offices of Chief Commissioner and Lieutenant-Governor were of 'higher prestige \[and\] lesser authority' than that of Douglas, whom The British Government had selected Moody to 'out manoeuvre the old Hudson's Bay Factor \[Governor Douglas\]'.

## Foundation by Richard Clement Moody

### Selection

When news of the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush reached London, Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton, Secretary of State for the Colonies, requested that the War Office recommend a field officer who was "a man of good judgement possessing a knowledge of mankind" to lead a Corps of 150 (later increased to 172) Royal Engineers who had been selected for their "superior discipline and intelligence". The War Office chose Moody: and Lord Lytton, who described Moody as his "distinguished friend", accepted their nomination, as a consequence of Moody's military record, his success as Governor of the Falkland Islands, and the distinguished record of his father, Colonel Thomas Moody, at the Colonial Office. Moody was charged to establish British order and to transform the new Colony of British Columbia into the British Empire's "bulwark in the farthest west" and "found a second England on the shores of the Pacific". Lytton desired to send to the colony "representatives of the best of British culture, not just a police force": men who possessed "courtesy, high breeding and urbane knowledge of the world" such as Moody, whom the Government considered to be the archetypal "English gentleman and British Officer" to command the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment. Moody's brother, Colonel Hampden Clement Blamire Moody, had already served with the Royal Engineers in Canada (mainly at Fort Garry), from 1840 to 1848, to such success that he was subsequently granted command of the regiment across the entirety of China.

Richard Clement Moody and his wife Mary Moody (of the Hawks industrial dynasty and of the Boyd merchant banking family) and their four children left England, for British Columbia, in October 1858, and arrived in British Columbia in December 1858, with the 172 Royal Engineers of the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment, and his secretary the freemason Robert Burnaby (after whom he subsequently named Burnaby Lake), under his command. The original Columbia Detachment consisted of 150 Royal Engineers, both sappers and officers, before it was increased to 172. Moody had three captains: Robert Mann Parsons, John Marshall Grant, and Henry Reynolds Luard. The contingent included two lieutenants, both of British landed gentry, namely Lieutenant Arthur Reid Lempriere (of Diélament, Jersey) and Lieutenant Henry Spencer Palmer, and Doctor John Vernon Seddall, and Captain William Driscoll Gosset (who was to be Colonial Treasurer and Commissary Officer), and John Sheepshanks (who was to be Chaplain of the Columbia Detachment). Moody was sworn in as the first lieutenant-governor of British Columbia and appointed Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works for British Columbia.

### Ned McGowan's War

Moody had hoped to begin immediately the foundation of a capital city, but on his arrival at Fort Langley, he learned of an insurrection, at the settlement of Hill's Bar, by a notorious outlaw, Ned McGowan, and some restive gold miners. Moody repressed the rebellion, which became popularly known as 'Ned McGowan's War', without loss of life. Moody described the incident: *The notorious Ned McGowan, of Californian celebrity at the head of a band of Yankee Rowdies defying the law! Every peaceable citizen frightened out of his wits!—Summons & warrants laughed to scorn! A Magistrate seized while on the Bench, & brought to the Rebel's camp, tried, condemned, & heavily fined! A man shot dead shortly before! Such a tale to welcome me at the close of a day of great enjoyment.* Moody described the response to his success: 'They gave me a Salute, firing off their loaded Revolvers over my head—Pleasant—Balls whistling over one's head! as a compliment! Suppose a hand had dropped by accident! I stood up, & raised my cap & thanked them in the Queen's name for their loyal reception of me'.

### The Foundation of British Columbia

In British Columbia, Moody 'wanted to build a city of beauty in the wilderness' and planned his city as an iconic visual metaphor for British dominance, 'styled and located with the objective of reinforcing the authority of the Crown and of the robe'. Subsequent to the enactment of the Pre-emption Act of 1860, Moody settled the Lower Mainland. He founded the new capital city, New Westminster, at a site of dense forest of Douglas pine that he selected for its strategic excellence including the quality of its port. He, in his letter to his friend Arthur Blackwood of the Colonial Office that is dated 1 February 1859, described the majestic beauty of the site:

*"The entrance to the Frazer is very striking--Extending miles to the right & left are low marsh lands (apparently of very rich qualities) & yet fr the Background of Superb Mountains- Swiss in outline, dark in woods, grandly towering into the clouds there is a sublimity that deeply impresses you. Everything is large and magnificent, worthy of the entrance to the Queen of England's dominions on the Pacific mainland. \[...\] My imagination converted the silent marshes into Cuyp-like pictures of horses and cattle lazily fattening in rich meadows in a glowing sunset. \[...\] The water of the deep clear Frazer was of a glassy stillness, not a ripple before us, except when a fish rose to the surface or broods of wild ducks fluttered away"*.

Moody designed the roads and the settlements of New Westminster, and his Royal Engineers, under Captain John Marshall Grant, built an extensive road network, including that which became Kingsway, which connected New Westminster to False Creek; and the North Road between Port Moody and New Westminster; and the Pacific terminus, at Burrard's Inlet, of Port Moody, of the Canadian and Pacific Railway (which subsequently was extended to the mouth of the Inlet and terminates now at Vancouver); and the Cariboo Road; and Stanley Park, which was an important strategic area for the anticipated invasion by the United States. He named Burnaby Lake after his secretary Robert Burnaby, and he named Port Coquitlam's 400-foot 'Mary Hill' after his wife Mary Hawks. Moody designed the first Coat of arms of British Columbia. Richard Clement Moody established Port Moody, which was subsequently named after him, at the end of the trail that connected New Westminster with Burrard Inlet, to defend New Westminster from potential attack from the United States. Moody also established a town at Hastings which was later incorporated into Vancouver.

The British designated multiple tracts as government reserves. The Pre-emption Act did not specify conditions for the distribution of the land, and, consequently, large areas were bought by speculators. Moody requisitioned 3,750 acres (sc. 1,517 hectares) for himself, and, on this land, he subsequently built for himself, and owned, Mayfield, a model farm near New Westminster. Moody was criticised by journalists for land grabbing, but his requisitions were ordered by the Colonial Office, and Moody throughout his tenure in British Columbia received the approbation of the British authorities in London, and was in British Columbia described as 'the real father of New Westminster'. However, Lord Lytton, then Secretary of State for the Colonies, 'forgot the practicalities of paying for clearing and developing the site and the town' and the effort of Moody's Engineers was continually impeded by insufficient funds, which, together with the continuous opposition of Governor Douglas, whom Sir Thomas Frederick Elliot (1808 - 1880) described as 'like any other fraud', 'made it impossible for \[Moody's\] design to be fulfilled'.

Throughout his tenure in British Columbia, Moody feuded with Sir James Douglas, Governor of Vancouver Island, whose jurisdiction overlapped with his own. Moody's offices of Chief Commissioner and Lieutenant-Governor were of 'higher prestige \[and\] lesser authority' than that of Douglas, despite Moody's superior social position in the judgement of the Royal Engineers and of the British Government which had selected Moody to 'out manoeuvre the old Hudson's Bay Factor \[Governor Douglas\]'.

Moody had been selected by Lord Lytton for his qualities of the archetypal 'English gentleman and British Officer', and because his family was 'eminently respectable': he was the son of Colonel Thomas Moody, Kt., who owned land in the islands in which Douglas's father owned less land and from which Douglas's 'a half-breed' mother originated. Governor Douglas's ethnicity was 'an affront to Victorian society', whereas Mary Moody was a member of the Hawks industrial dynasty and of the Boyd merchant banking family. Mary Moody wrote, on 4 August 1859, 'it is not pleasant to serve under a Hudson's Bay Factor', and that the 'Governor and Richard can never get on'. John Robson, who was the editor of the *British Columbian*, wanted Richard Clement Moody's office to include that of Governor of British Columbia, and to thereby make obsolete Douglas. In letter to the Colonial Office of 27 December 1858, Richard Clement Moody states that he has 'entirely disarmed \[Douglas\] of all jealously'. Douglas repeatedly insulted the Royal Engineers by attempting to assume their command and refusing to acknowledge their contribution to the nascent colony.

Margaret A. Ormsby, who was the author of the Dictionary of Canadian Biography entry for Moody (2002), unpopularly censures Moody for the abortive development of the New Westminster. However, most significant historians commend Moody's contribution and exonerate Moody from culpability for the abortive development of New Westminster, especially with regard to the perpetual insufficiency of funds and of the personally motivated opposition by Douglas that continually retarded the development of British Columbia. Robert Burnaby observed that Douglas proceeded with 'muddling \[Moody's\] work and doubling his expenditure' and with employing administrators to 'work a crooked policy against Moody' to 'retard British Columbia and build up... the stronghold of Hudson's Bay interests' and their own 'landed stake'. Therefore, Robert Edgar Cail, Don W. Thomson, Ishiguro, and Scott commended Moody for his contribution, and Scott accused Ormsby of being 'adamant in her dislike of Colonel Moody' despite the majority of evidence, and almost all other biographies of Moody, including that by the Institution of Civil Engineers, and that by the Royal Engineers, and that by the British Columbia Historical Association, commend Moody's achievements in British Columbia.

The Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment was disbanded in July 1863. The Moody family (which now consisted of Moody, and his wife, and seven legitimate children) and the 22 Royal Engineers who wished to return to England, who had 8 wives between them, departed for England. 130 of the original Columbia Detachment decided to remain in British Columbia. Scott contends that the dissolution of the Columbia Detachment, and the consequent departure of Moody, 'doomed' the development of the settlement and the realisation of Lord Lytton's dream. A vast congregation of New Westminster citizens gathered at the dock to bid farewell to Moody as his boat departed for England. Moody wanted to return to British Columbia, but he died before he was able to do so. Moody left his library behind, in New Westminster, to become the public library of New Westminster.

In April 1863, the Councillors of New Westminster decreed that 20 acres should be reserved and named Moody Square after Richard Clement Moody. The area around Moody Square that was completed only in 1889 has also been named Moody Park after Moody. Numerous developments occurred in and around Moody Park, including Century House, which was opened by Princess Margaret on 23 July 1958. In 1984, on the occasion of the 125th anniversary of New Westminster, a monument of Richard Clement Moody, at the entrance of the park, was unveiled by Mayor Tom Baker. For Moody's achievements in the Falkland Islands and in British Columbia, British diplomat David Tatham CMG, who served as Governor of the Falkland Islands, described Moody as an 'Empire builder'. In January 2014, with the support of the Friends of the British Columbia Archives and of the Royal British Columbia Museum Foundation, The Royal British Columbia Museum purchased a photograph album that had belonged to Richard Clement Moody. The album contains over 100 photographs of the early settlement of British Columbia, including some of the earliest known photographs of First Nations peoples.

## Governorship of Frederick Seymour

Douglas's successor was Frederick Seymour, who came to the colony with twenty years of colonial experience in Van Diemen's Land, the British West Indies, and British Honduras. The creation of an assembly and Seymour's appointment in April 1864 signalled a new era for the colony, now out of the shadow of Vancouver Island and free of a governor suspicious of sharing power with elected representatives. Douglas's wagon road project was still underway, presenting huge engineering challenges, as it made its way up the narrow Fraser Canyon. Successive loans authorised by Seymour's predecessor, largely for the purpose of completing the road, had put the colony £200,000 in debt; and the Chilcotin War of 1864 cost an additional £18,000 to suppress. Seymour himself made the difficult journey through the Great Canyon of the Homathko and Rainbow Range as a show of force and participation in the hunt for Klatsassin, the Tsilhqot'in war leader, but the armed expedition reached a denouement when Klatsassin surrendered on terms of amnesty in times of war, only to be tried and hanged for murder, as Seymour had not endorsed the terms.

On Seymour's return overland, he made a tour of the Cariboo minefields, and along the Fraser Canyon, which made him increasingly convinced of the colony's future prosperity. On returning to the capital, however, fiscal reality set in as it became clear that British Columbia's indebtedness was getting worse. Even as the colonial administration took drastic measures to augment revenues and improve the road system to attract prospectors and settlers, the economic situation grew increasingly dire, and agitation grew for an amalgamation of the two colonies. Seymour opposed this proposal, but with pressure from various quarters of the colonial government, he eventually relented, recommending that British Columbia be the dominant partner, and (unsuccessfully) that the capital be located at New Westminster. The two colonies were united by an Act of the British Parliament, and proclaimed on 6 August 1866 (see Colony of British Columbia (1866-1871)).

## Governors

### Colonial Assembly

**Members 1863–1864**

**Members 1864–1865**

**Members 1866**

## Supreme Court

In 1858 the British Government sent over Matthew Baillie Begbie as Chief Justice for the colony. Although trained at Lincoln's Inn he had never practised law, but soon published a Rules of Court and a timetable of sittings. He held the post, under consecutive administrative regimes, until his death in 1894.

## Sources

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Colony of British Columbia | |
| --- | --- |
| 1858–1866 | |
| Flag | |
| **Anthem:** God Save the Queen<br> | |
| The Colony of British Columbia in 1863 | |
| Status | British colony |
| Capital | Fort Langley (1858–1859)<br>New Westminster (1859–1866) |
| Common languages | English (official)<br>Northern Athabaskan languages<br>Salishan languages |
| Religion | Christianity, Indigenous beliefs |
| Government | Constitutional monarchy |
| Queen |  |
|  | |
| 1858-1866 | Queen Victoria |
|  | |
| Historical era | British Era |
|  | |
| Established | 2 August 1858 |
| Incorporated with Colony of Vancouver Island to form Colony of British Columbia (1866-1871) | 6 August 1866 |
|  | |
| Currency | Pound sterling (to 1865) <br>British Columbia dollar (1865–66) |
|  | |


title: Comarca de Guadix

abstract: Comarca de Guadix is a comarca in the province of Granada, Spain. It is also called Accitania. It contains the following municipalities:

text:
# Comarca de Guadix

**Comarca de Guadix** is a comarca in the province of Granada, Spain. It is also called **Accitania**. It contains the following municipalities:

## InfoBox

| Comarca de Guadix | |
| --- | --- |
| Comarca | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 37°16′3″N 3°9′42″W / 37.26750°N 3.16167°W / 37.26750; -3.16167 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Andalusia |
| Province | Granada |
| Area | |
| Total | 1,694 km2 (654 sq mi) |
| Population (2012) | |
| Total | 42,791 |
| Density | 25/km2 (65/sq mi) |


title: Colourful Records

abstract: Colourful Records, is an imprint of the Japanese record label Victor Entertainment. The Colourful Records imprint was created on June 1, 2011 to specialize in the production and promotion of pop music acts.

text:
# Colourful Records

**Colourful Records** (カラフルレコーズ, *Karafuru Rekōzu*), is an imprint of the Japanese record label Victor Entertainment. The Colourful Records imprint was created on June 1, 2011 to specialize in the production and promotion of pop music acts.

## Artists

## InfoBox

| Colourful Records | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Parent company | JVC Kenwood Victor Entertainment |
| Founded | June 1, 2011 (2011-06-01) |
| Country of origin | Japan |
| Official website | Official website |


title: Colourful lakelets

abstract: Colourful lakelets is the name of three artificial ponds formed in place of former mines at the slope of Wielka Kopa mountain in Rudawy Janowickie, range in Sudetes Mountains, Poland. The biggest one and the oldest (1785) was named Hoffnung Grube and now hosts the Purple lakelet. Names of the other mines were: Neues Glück, and Gustav Grube. These places were mined from 1785 to 1925 for pyrite. The lakelets have various surface elevation. The Purple lakelet owes its colour to chemical composition of its banks and bottom which are abundant with iron compounds, mainly pyrite. The pond is filled with water solution of sulphuric acid. It is highly recommended to avoid any contact with the water for it might be dangerous. Below Purple Lakelet there is a smaller hollow which is at times filled with waters falling from the pond above – it is called Yellow Lakelet. The colour of Azure Lakelet water is connected with the presence of copper ions. Its water, besides its colour, is clean, thus during hot summer days there can be seen people bathing in it; water is usually quite cold here, though. Green Lakelet, same as Azure Lakelet owes its colour to copper compounds. Depending on rainfall, it temporarily disappears.

text:
# Colourful lakelets

**Colourful lakelets** (Polish "Kolorowe Jeziorka") is the name of three (sometimes four) artificial ponds formed in place of former mines at the slope of Wielka Kopa mountain (871 m) in Rudawy Janowickie, range in Sudetes Mountains, Poland. The biggest one and the oldest (1785) was named Hoffnung Grube and now hosts the Purple lakelet. Names of the other mines were: Neues Glück (1793, presently Azure Lakelet), and Gustav Grube (1796; the Green Lakelet). These places were mined from 1785 to 1925 for pyrite.

The lakelets have various surface elevation. The Purple lakelet (560 m) owes its colour to chemical composition of its banks and bottom which are abundant with iron compounds, mainly pyrite. The pond is filled with water solution of sulphuric acid (pH = 3). It is highly recommended to avoid any contact with the water for it might be dangerous. Below Purple Lakelet there is a smaller hollow which is at times filled with waters falling from the pond above – it is called Yellow Lakelet.

The colour of Azure Lakelet (635 m; also called: Blue or Emerald) water is connected with the presence of copper ions. Its water, besides its colour, is clean, thus during hot summer days there can be seen people bathing in it; water is usually quite cold here, though.

Green Lakelet (730 m; also called Black Pond), same as Azure Lakelet owes its colour to copper compounds. Depending on rainfall, it temporarily disappears.

50°49′N 15°58′E / 50.817°N 15.967°E / 50.817; 15.967


title: Colorado's 12th Senate district

abstract: Colorado's 12th Senate district is one of 35 districts in the Colorado Senate. It has been represented by Republican Bob Gardner since 2017, succeeding fellow Republican Bill Cadman.

text:
# Colorado's 12th Senate district

**Colorado's 12th Senate district** is one of 35 districts in the Colorado Senate. It has been represented by Republican Bob Gardner since 2017, succeeding fellow Republican Bill Cadman.

## Geography

District 12 is based in southern Colorado Springs in El Paso County, also covering the nearby communities of Cimarron Hills, Fort Carson, and parts of Security-Widefield, Falcon, and Stratmoor.

The district is located entirely within Colorado's 5th congressional district, and overlaps with the 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, and 21st districts of the Colorado House of Representatives.

## Recent election results

Colorado Senators are elected to staggered four-year terms; under normal circumstances, the 12th district holds elections in presidential years.

### 2020

2020 Colorado Senate election, District 12
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Bob Gardner (incumbent)** | **45,808** | **58.3** |
|  | Democratic | Electra Johnson | 29,656 | 37.8 |
|  | Libertarian | Zechariah Harris | 3,048 | 3.9 |
| Total votes | | | **78,512** | **100** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### 2016

2016 Colorado Senate election, District 12
| Primary election | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | **Republican** | **Bob Gardner** | **8,243** | **61.8** |
|  | Republican | Gordon Klingenschmitt | 5,103 | 38.2 |
| Total votes | | | **13,346** | **100** |
| General election | | | | |
|  | **Republican** | **Bob Gardner** | **45,938** | **75.3** |
|  | Libertarian | Manuel Quintel | 15,071 | 24.7 |
| Total votes | | | **61,009** | **100** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### 2012

2012 Colorado Senate election, District 12
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Bill Cadman (incumbent)** | **34,673** | **67.9** |
|  | Libertarian | Dave Respecki | 8,603 | 16.9 |
|  | Constitution | James Michael Bristol | 7,762 | 15.2 |
| Total votes | | | **51,038** | **100** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### Federal and statewide results

| Year | Office | Results |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | President | Trump 53.7 – 42.4% |
| 2018 | Governor | Stapleton 55.8 – 39.4% |
| 2016 | President | Trump 56.9 – 33.4% |
| 2014 | Senate | Gardner 61.9 – 31.7% |
| | Governor | Beauprez 61.2 – 33.2% |
| 2012 | President | Romney 58.9 – 38.7% |

## InfoBox

| Colorado's 12th
State Senate district | |
| --- | --- |
| --- | |
|  | |
| Senator | Bob Gardner
Colorado Springs |
| Registration | 37.0% Republican
21.4% Democratic
39.5% No party preference |
| Demographics | 68% White
8% Black
16% Hispanic
3% Asian
4% Other |
| Population (2018) | 162,195 |
| Registered voters | 103,694 |


abstract: Colorado's 13th House of Representatives district is one of 65 districts in the Colorado House of Representatives. It has been represented by Democrat Julie McCluskie since 2019.

text:
# Colorado's 13th House of Representatives district

**Colorado's 13th House of Representatives district** is one of 65 districts in the Colorado House of Representatives. It has been represented by Democrat Julie McCluskie since 2019.

## Geography

District 13 covers Chaffee, Grand, Jackson, Lake, Park, and Summit Counties. Communities in the district include Salida, Breckenridge, Silverthorne, Frisco, and Buena Vista.

The district overlaps with Colorado's 2nd and 7th congressional districts, and the 4th and 8th districts of the Colorado Senate.

## Recent election results

### 2022

2022 Colorado's 13th House of Representatives district Democratic primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Julie McCluskie (incumbent)** | **8,741** | **100.00%** |
| Total votes | | | **8,741** | **100.00%** |

2022 Colorado's 13th House of Representatives district Republican primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **David Buckley** | **8,821** | **100.00%** |
| Total votes | | | **8,821** | **100.00%** |

2022 Colorado's 13th House of Representatives district general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Julie McCluskie (incumbent)** | **25,428** | **56.03%** |
|  | Republican | David Buckley | 19,956 | 43.97% |
| Total votes | | | **45,384** | **100.00%** |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | |

### 2020

2020 Colorado's 13th House of Representatives district Democratic primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Judy Amabile** | **18,131** | **100.00%** |
| Total votes | | | **18,131** | **100.00%** |

2020 Colorado's 13th House of Representatives district Republican primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Kevin Sipple** | **4,736** | **100.00%** |
| Total votes | | | **4,736** | **100.00%** |

2020 Colorado's 13th House of Representatives district general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Judy Amabile** | **34,652** | **68.24%** |
|  | Republican | Kevin Sipple | 14,418 | 28.39% |
|  | Libertarian | James E. "Jed" Gilman | 1,713 | 3.37% |
| Total votes | | | **50,783** | **100.00%** |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | |

### 2018

2018 Colorado's 13th House of Representatives district Democratic primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **K.C. Becker (incumbent)** | **12,148** | **100.00%** |
| Total votes | | | **12,148** | **100.00%** |

2018 Colorado's 13th House of Representatives district Republican primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Kevin Sipple** | **3,797** | **100.00%** |
| Total votes | | | **3,797** | **100.00%** |

2018 Colorado's 13th House of Representatives district general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **K.C. Becker (incumbent)** | **32,499** | **73.15%** |
|  | Republican | Kevin Sipple | 11,929 | 26.85% |
| Total votes | | | **44,428** | **100.00%** |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | |

### 2016

2016 Colorado's 13th House of Representatives district Democratic primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **KC Becker (incumbent)** | **5,879** | **100.00%** |
| Total votes | | | **5,879** | **100.00%** |

2016 Colorado's 13th House of Representatives district general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **KC Becker (incumbent)** | **34,114** | **100.00%** |
| Total votes | | | **34,114** | **100.00%** |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | |

### 2014

2014 Colorado's 13th House of Representatives district Democratic primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **KC Becker (incumbent)** | **5,022** | **100.00%** |
| Total votes | | | **5,022** | **100.00%** |

2014 Colorado's 13th House of Representatives district Republican primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Michael James Hocevar** | **3,487** | **100.00%** |
| Total votes | | | **3,487** | **100.00%** |

2014 Colorado's 13th House of Representatives district general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **KC Becker (incumbent)** | **24,136** | **67.65%** |
|  | Republican | Michael James Hocevar | 11,541 | 32.35% |
| Total votes | | | **35,677** | **100.00%** |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | |

### 2012

2012 Colorado's 13th House of Representatives district Democratic primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Claire Levy (incumbent)** | **6,202** | **100.00%** |
| Total votes | | | **6,202** | **100.00%** |

2012 Colorado's 13th House of Representatives district Republican primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Adam Ochs** | **3,146** | **100.00%** |
| Total votes | | | **3,146** | **100.00%** |

2012 Colorado's 13th House of Representatives district general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Claire Levy (incumbent)** | **30,814** | **67.08%** |
|  | Republican | Adam Ochs | 12,596 | 27.42% |
|  | Libertarian | Howard P. Lambert | 2,526 | 5.50% |
| Total votes | | | **43,853** | **100.00%** |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | |

### 2010

2010 Colorado's 13th House of Representatives Democratic primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Claire Levy (incumbent)** | **7,048** | **100.00%** |
| Total votes | | | **7,048** | **100.00%** |

2010 Colorado's 13th House of Representatives Republican primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Robert Houdeshell** | **2,874** | **100.00%** |
| Total votes | | | **2,874** | **100.00%** |

2010 Colorado's 13th House of Representatives general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Claire Levy (incumbent)** | **22,816** | **71.35%** |
|  | Republican | Robert Houdeshell | 9,163 | 28.65% |
| Total votes | | | **31,979** | **100.00%** |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | |

### 2008

2008 Colorado's 13th House of Representatives Democratic primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Claire Levy (incumbent)** | **6,327** | **100.00%** |
| Total votes | | | **6,327** | **100.00%** |

2008 Colorado's 13th House of Representatives Republican primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Robert E. Houdeshell** | **1,514** | **100.00%** |
| Total votes | | | **1,514** | **100.00%** |

2008 Colorado's 13th House of Representatives general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Claire Levy (incumbent)** | **30,259** | **73.91%** |
|  | Republican | Robert E. Houdeshell | 10,682 | 26.09% |
| Total votes | | | **40,941** | **100.00%** |

1. "Final Approved House Plan". *Colorado Independent Redistricting Commissions*. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
2. "2022 Abstract of Votes Cast" (PDF). Colorado Secretary of State. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
3. Noe, Eliza (April 19, 2024). "McCluskie wins Colorado House of Representatives District 13 seat". *Summit Daily News*. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
4. "2020 Abstract of Votes Cast" (PDF). Colorado Secretary of State. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
5. "2018 Abstract of Votes Cast" (PDF). Colorado Secretary of State. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
6. "2016 Abstract of Votes Cast" (PDF). Colorado Secretary of State. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
7. "2014 Abstract of Votes Cast" (PDF). Colorado Secretary of State. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
8. Rubino, Joe (October 19, 2013). "KC Becker, Boulder councilwoman, named to Colorado's HD 13 seat". *Daily Camera*. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
9. "2012 Abstract of Votes Cast" (PDF). Colorado Secretary of State. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
10. "2010 Abstract of Votes Cast" (PDF). Colorado Secretary of State. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
11. "2008 Abstract of Votes Cast" (PDF). Colorado Secretary of State. Retrieved April 23, 2024.

## InfoBox

| Colorado's 13th State
House of Representatives
district | |
| --- | --- |
| --- | |
| Representative | Julie McCluskie
Boulder |
| Registration | 26.1% Republican
24.3% Democratic
47.6% No party preference |
| Demographics | 82.9% White
0.8% Black
13.9% Hispanic
0.9% Asian
0.9% Native American
0.1% Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
6.2% Other
8.2% Multiracial |
| Population (2020) | 91,153 |


title: Sthenoprocris malgassica

abstract: Sthenoprocris malgassica is a species of moth of the family Zygaenidae. It is known from Madagascar. This species has a wingspan of 20 millimetres (0.79 in), it is black-brown with an orange-yellow band on the thorax just behind the head.

text:
# Sthenoprocris malgassica

***Sthenoprocris malgassica*** is a species of moth of the family Zygaenidae. It is known from Madagascar.

This species has a wingspan of 20 millimetres (0.79 in), it is black-brown with an orange-yellow band on the thorax just behind the head.

## InfoBox

| *Sthenoprocris malgassica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Zygaenidae |
| Genus: | *Sthenoprocris* |
| Species: | ***S. malgassica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Sthenoprocris malgassica***<br>Hampson, 1920 | |
|


title: Stewart Fraser (politician)

abstract: Donald Stewart Fraser was an Australian politician and a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1953 until 1962. He was a member of the Liberal Party. Fraser was born in Bunbury, Western Australia and was educated to a secondary level. He worked initially as a journalist but after a period as a sales director for a car distributor in Sri Lanka, moved to Sydney and became a company director for several building societies and the Master Builders Association. He served in the Second Australian Imperial Force for 18 months during the Second World War. Fraser was elected unopposed to parliament as the Liberal member for Gordon at the 1953 state election. He replaced the incumbent Liberal member Harry Turner who had resigned in late 1952 to successfully contest the federal seat of Bradfield at the by-election caused by the death of Billy Hughes. A by-election for Gordon was not held as parliament was dissolved within two months of Turner's resignation. Fraser retained the seat for three terms of parliament but remarkably never faced an election as he was re-elected unopposed at the 1956 and 1959 elections. Fraser lost the Liberal endorsement to Harry Jago and unsuccessfully contested the 1962 election as an independent. After his defeat, he retired from public life. He did not hold party, parliamentary or ministerial office afterwards.

text:
# Stewart Fraser (politician)

**Donald Stewart Fraser** (1895 – 20 August 1965) was an Australian politician and a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1953 until 1962. He was a member of the Liberal Party.

Fraser was born in Bunbury, Western Australia and was educated to a secondary level. He worked initially as a journalist but after a period as a sales director for a car distributor in Sri Lanka, moved to Sydney and became a company director for several building societies and the Master Builders Association. He served in the Second Australian Imperial Force for 18 months during the Second World War. Fraser was elected unopposed to parliament as the Liberal member for Gordon at the 1953 state election. He replaced the incumbent Liberal member Harry Turner who had resigned in late 1952 to successfully contest the federal seat of Bradfield at the by-election caused by the death of Billy Hughes. A by-election for Gordon was not held as parliament was dissolved within two months of Turner's resignation. Fraser retained the seat for three terms of parliament but remarkably never faced an election as he was re-elected unopposed at the 1956 and 1959 elections. Fraser lost the Liberal endorsement to Harry Jago and unsuccessfully contested the 1962 election as an independent. After his defeat, he retired from public life. He did not hold party, parliamentary or ministerial office afterwards.

## InfoBox

| Stewart Fraser | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1895-01-01)1 January 1895
Bunbury, Western Australia |
| Died | 20 August 1965(1965-08-20) (aged 70)
Chatswood, New South Wales |
| Political party | Liberal Party |
|  | |


title: Comfort, Texas

abstract: Comfort is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Kendall County, Texas, United States. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 2,363. Comfort was founded by German emigrants on the western end of the Texas-German belt. Many residents of the town today are descendants of those same Germans. Comfort is known for its German Heritage and large ranches outside of town.

text:
# Comfort, Texas

**Comfort** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Kendall County, Texas, United States. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 2,363. Comfort was founded by German emigrants on the western end of the Texas-German belt. Many residents of the town today are descendants of those same Germans. Comfort is known for its German Heritage and large ranches outside of town.

## History

Comfort was established in 1854 by German immigrants, who were Freethinkers and abolitionists. Ernst Hermann Altgelt, at the age of 22, is credited with surveying and measuring the lots that would later be sold to the incoming German immigrants. He stayed and married Emma (Murck) Altgelt, and they raised their nine children in the township of Comfort. Fritz and Betty Holekamp built the first house in Comfort, having started construction before Comfort's official founding on September 3, 1854. The first churches were not established in Comfort until 1892. After some controversy, a cenotaph honoring "the Founding Freethinkers" was dedicated on November 2, 2002.

The downtown area is possibly one of the most well-preserved historic business districts in Texas. There are well over 100 structures in the area dating back to the 19th century, and seven of them were designed by the noted architect Alfred Giles. Mr. Giles lived in San Antonio, and he would ride horses, the stagecoach, and later the train to check his building sites in Comfort. Most of the population today is composed of descendants of those original pioneer families of the 1850s and the 1860s.

Comfort is also known for a tragic event that took place during the American Civil War. The Treue der Union Monument ("Loyalty to the Union") was dedicated in honor of 35 men who died at the Battle of the Nueces, which took place because they opposed the state's secession from the Union. The German settlers were killed on their way to Mexico during the Civil War. They were attacked by Confederate forces near Brackettville on August 10, 1862. The bodies were not buried, and the bones were retrieved and placed here in 1865. The monument was erected in 1866.

In 1918, Albert Steves erected a Hygieostatic Bat Roost on his family farm in Comfort. This roost was built to attract bats in an effort to control mosquito populations by natural means. It was originally researched and developed by Dr. Charles Agustus Rosenheimer Campbell of San Antonio. The idea was to use bats against malaria-carrying mosquitos. At one time, there were sixteen bat roosts built in the United States and Europe, of which only two sites now remain — one in Comfort and one in the Florida Keys.

### Darmstadt Society of Forty

Some of the early settlers in Comfort migrated from the collapsed Fisher–Miller Land Grant experimental colonies of the Darmstadt Society of Forty.

## Geography

Comfort is bordered to the west by Kerr County. It is 18 miles (29 km) southeast of Kerrville, 16 miles (26 km) northwest of Boerne, and 48 miles (77 km) northwest of Downtown San Antonio. The town is at the junction of Interstate 10 and U.S. Route 87.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Comfort CDP has a total area of 3.2 square miles (8.4 km2), of which 0.01 square miles (0.02 km2), or 0.27%, are water. The community sits on the north side of Cypress Creek where it joins the Guadalupe River.

### Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Comfort has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1920 | 800 |  |  |
| 1930 | 650 |  | −18.7% |
| 1940 | 800 |  | 23.1% |
| 1950 | 1,100 |  | 37.5% |
| 1960 | 1,212 |  | 10.2% |
| 1970 | 1,444 |  | 19.1% |
| 1980 | 1,460 |  | 1.1% |
| 1990 | 1,477 |  | 1.2% |
| 2000 | 2,358 |  | 59.6% |
| 2010 | 2,363 |  | 0.2% |
| 2020 | 2,211 |  | −6.4% |
| U.S. Decennial Census
1850–1900 1910
1920 1930 1940
1950 1960 1970
1980 1990 2000
2010 | | | |

Comfort was first listed as a census designated place in the 1980 U.S. Census.

### 2020 census

**Comfort racial composition**
(NH = Non-Hispanic)
| Race | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| White (NH) | 972 | 43.96% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 9 | 0.41% |
| Native American or Alaska Native (NH) | 18 | 0.81% |
| Asian (NH) | 2 | 0.09% |
| Some Other Race (NH) | 13 | 0.59% |
| Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) | 54 | 2.44% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 1,143 | 51.7% |
| **Total** | **2,211** |  |

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,211 people, 768 households, and 498 families residing in the CDP.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,358 people, 799 households, and 603 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 735.6 inhabitants per square mile (284.0/km2). There were 917 housing units at an average density of 286.1 per square mile (110.5/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 76.34% White, 0.51% African American, 1.19% Native American, 0.13% Asian, 0.21% Pacific Islander, 18.70% from other races, and 2.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 45.00% of the population.

There were 799 households, out of which 38.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.7% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.5% were non-families. 20.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.26.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 29.3% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $28,799, and the median income for a family was $29,295. Males had a median income of $20,972 versus $15,000 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $12,687. About 27.1% of families and 29.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 39.2% of those under age 18 and 3.3% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

Comfort is served by the Comfort Independent School District.

## Notable people

1. Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

## InfoBox

| Comfort | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| Historic downtown Comfort | |
| ComfortLocation within the state of Texas | |
| Coordinates: 29°58′10″N 98°54′26″W / 29.96944°N 98.90722°W / 29.96944; -98.90722 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Texas |
| County | Kendall |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.24 sq mi (8.38 km2) |
| Land | 3.23 sq mi (8.36 km2) |
| Water | 0.008 sq mi (0.02 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,427 ft (435 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 2,211 |
| Density | 680/sq mi (260/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 78013 |
| Area code | 830 |
| FIPS code | 48-16228 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1333183 |


abstract: The Commonwealth Government Film Competition is a film competition held by the Australian Federal Government in the 1930s to judge the Best Australian film and best scenario. They were an early example of Australian film awards.

text:
# Commonwealth Government Film Competition

The ***Commonwealth Government Film Competition*** is a film competition held by the Australian Federal Government in the 1930s to judge the Best Australian film and best scenario. They were an early example of Australian film awards.

## 1930 Competition

The competition was first announced in 1929 and held in 1930. It offered a prize of £5,000 for the best film made between January 1, 1929, and March 31, 1930. Second prize was £2,500 and third prize £1,500.

There was criticism about the level of government co ordination with the industry with regards to the competition.

Four films were entered: *Fellers*, *The Cheaters*, *Tiger Island* and *The Nation of Tomorrow*.

The makers of *Fellers* argued that their film had been given enough prints under the judging system to warrant the second prize of £2,500 and threatened to sue, but the government did not change its mind.

### Winners

The only film given an award was *Fellers* which was only granted third prize. No film was considered good enough for first or second prize. *The Cheaters* was voted fourth, *Tiger Island* fifth and *Nation of Tomorrow* sixth (even though there had only been four entries.)

## 1935 Competition

### Conditions of Entry

The conditions of the film competition included that films should be produced in the Commonwealth, that 76 per cent, of the scenes should be "shot" in the Commonwealth or its territories, that the capital employed in the production of films should be substantially British, and that about 50 per cent, of the acting and the work of production should be carried out by British subjects, who had lived for the previous two years in the Commonwealth.

Entrants in the scenario competition had to be British subjects, who had lived in the Commonwealth or its territories since July 1, 1933, and that scenarios must have been written in the Commonwealth since that date.

Eleven films were entered. The judges were General I. C. Mackay, Beatrice Tildesley, and Kenneth Wilkinson.

### Winners

### Scenario Competition

Judges were Professor S. H. Cowling, Irene Webb and Frank Clellow.

* Best feature sound cinematograph film scenario (£250) - Edgar Robin and James Gullan, for "Vendetta," \*Best feature sound cinematograph film scenario containing Australian sentiment (£250) - Frederick Howard and Hermon Gill, for "Faithful Journey."


title: Rugby league in Samoa

text:
# Rugby league in Samoa

Rugby league is a popular team sport in Samoa.

## History

The Western Samoan national team was formed to enter the 1986 Pacific Cup.

During the Super League war, Samoa joined the News Corp-backed Super League in June 1995.

## National teams

The men's national team was formed in 1986 to enter the 1986 Pacific Cup. They have competed at six Rugby League World Cups (1995, 2000, 2008, 2013, 2017, 2021). Samoa were runners-up in the 2021 competition, losing 10–30 to Australia in the final.

The women's national team was formed in 2003 for the 2003 Women's Rugby League World Cup. They competed at their second World Cup in 2008.

## InfoBox

| Rugby league in Samoa | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Samoa |
| Governing body | Rugby League Samoa |
| National team(s) | Men's
Women's |
| First played | 1980s |
| International competitions | |
| Rugby League World Cup
Rugby League Four Nations | |


title: Trigonoptera fergussoni

abstract: Trigonoptera fergussoni is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1970.

text:
# Trigonoptera fergussoni

***Trigonoptera fergussoni*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1970.

## InfoBox

| *Trigonoptera fergussoni* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Trigonoptera* |
| Species: | ***T. fergussoni*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trigonoptera fergussoni***<br>Breuning, 1970 | |
|


title: Srigala Item

abstract: Srigala Item is a 1941 film from the Dutch East Indies that was directed by Tan Tjoei Hock and produced by The Teng Chun for Action Film. Starring Hadidjah, Mohamad Mochtar, and Tan Tjeng Bok, the film's plot – inspired by Zorro – follows a young man who became a masked vigilante to take revenge against his conniving uncle. Srigala Item was a commercial success, which Misbach Yusa Biran credits to the plot's use for escapism. A copy of the black-and-white film, which featured kroncong music, is stored at Sinematek Indonesia.

text:
# Srigala Item

***Srigala Item*** (Indonesian for *Black Wolf*, also advertised with the Dutch title ***De Zwarte Wolf***) is a 1941 film from the Dutch East Indies that was directed by Tan Tjoei Hock and produced by The Teng Chun for Action Film. Starring Hadidjah, Mohamad Mochtar, and Tan Tjeng Bok, the film's plot – inspired by Zorro – follows a young man who became a masked vigilante to take revenge against his conniving uncle. *Srigala Item* was a commercial success, which Misbach Yusa Biran credits to the plot's use for escapism. A copy of the black-and-white film, which featured *kroncong* music, is stored at Sinematek Indonesia.

## Plot

Through violence, Djoekri (Tan Tjeng Bok) is able to gain control of his brother Mardjoeki's (Bissu Usman) wealth and plantation, Soemberwaras. The latter disappears, leaving behind his adult son Mochtar (Mohamad Mochtar). At the plantation, the young man is treated as a servant and often beaten by Djoekri and his right-hand man, Hasan. Djoekri's son Joesoef (Mohamad Sani), however, leads a life of plenty.

Soon Djoekri's activities are targeted by a masked man known as the "Black Wolf" ("Srigala Item"), who also foils Joesoef's attempts to woo Soehaemi (Hadidjah), whom Mochtar loves. Djoekri tires of the Black Wolf's interference and takes him on in a battle. Though Djoekri almost wins, ultimately the Black Wolf emerges victorious. It is later revealed that Mardjoeki remains alive and Mochtar was the Black Wolf.

## Production

The film was written and directed by Tan Tjoei Hock for Action Film, a subsidiary of producer The Teng Chun's Java Industrial Film (JIF). Tan, who had made his directorial debut in 1940, based *Srigala Item* on the stories surrounding Johnston McCulley's fictional bandit Zorro; as with the American bandit, the Black Wolf used a whip and wore all black. The black-and-white film was shot by The Teng Chun's brother Teng Gan, with Hajopan Bajo Angin as artistic designer.

The film starred Hadidjah and Mohamad Mochtar, who had first acted together in JIF's *Alang-Alang* (*Grass*; 1939) and were promoted as a celebrity couple in competition with Raden Mochtar and Roekiah of Tan's Film. It also featured Bissoe, Tan Tjeng Bok, and Mohamad Sani. Bissoe had made his feature film debut with JIF's *Oh Iboe* in 1938, while Sani had made his debut for JIF in 1940. Tan Tjeng Bok, a former stage star with Dardanella, made his feature film debut through *Srigala Item*.

Music for *Srigala Item* was done in the *kroncong* (traditional music with Portuguese influences) style, popular at the time, by Mas Sardi. Hadidjah is credited as singing two songs, "Ja. Ja. Ja. Ja." ("Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah.") and "Termenoeng-Menoeng" ("Pensive"); Tan Tjeng Bok is also recorded as performing a song.

## Release and reception

*Srigala Item* premiered in the first half of 1941, one of nine films released by JIF and its subsidiaries that year. It was advertised, sometimes under the Dutch name of *De Zwarte Wolf*, as "sensational, full of action, and mysterious" and marketed for all ages. The film was released in Batavia (modern day Jakarta), the capital of the Indies, and by July 1941 it had reached Surabaya, in Eastern Java, and Singapore, then part of British Malaya.

An anonymous review of *Srigala Item* in the Surabaya-based daily *Soerabaijasch Handelsblad* was positive, predicting the film would be a commercial success. This prediction was fulfilled, as *Srigala Item* reached extensive audiences – mostly lower-class natives. The Indonesian film historian Misbach Yusa Biran credits this success to escapism. He writes that the film's theme of an oppressed, financially destitute youth who is able to control his destiny by becoming a masked vigilante, allowed viewers to be able to see themselves as the Black Wolf, and thus take revenge against those who had wronged them.

Action Film and JIF continued producing films until the beginning of the Japanese occupation of the Indies began in early 1942, leading to the closing of all but one film studio. The cast of *Srigala Item* remained with JIF until the company closed, as did Tan. According to JB Kristanto's *Katalog Film Indonesia* (*Catalogue of Indonesian Films*), a copy of *Srigala Item* is stored at Sinematek Indonesia in Jakarta. The reels have been damaged by acid, leading to part of the film being excised.

## Explanatory notes

1. Filmindonesia.or.id, Srigala Item; Biran 2009, p. 274; Soerabaijasch Handelsblad 1941, Sampoerna-theater
2. Filmindonesia.or.id, Srigala Item.
3. Filmindonesia.or.id, Filmography Tan Tjoei Hock.
4. Filmindonesia.or.id, Kredit Srigala Item; Biran 2009, p. 150
5. Imanjaya 2006, p. 109.
6. Biran 2009, p. 181.
7. Filmindonesia.or.id, M. Sani.
8. Biran 2009, p. 272.
9. Biran 2009, p. 274.
10. Biran 2009, p. 310.
11. Biran 2009, pp. 384–385.
12. Soerabaijasch Handelsblad, (untitled).
13. The Straits Times 1941, (untitled).
14. Soerabaijasch Handelsblad 1941, Sampoerna-theater.
15. Biran 1986, p. 6.
16. Biran 2009, pp. 319, 322; Filmindonesia.or.id, Filmography Tan Tjoei Hock
17. Sembiring 2009, Saving Indonesian Cinema Treasures.

## Works cited

* Biran, Misbach Yusa (2009). *Sejarah Film 1900–1950: Bikin Film di Jawa* \[*History of Film 1900–1950: Making Films in Java*\] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Komunitas Bamboo working with the Jakarta Art Council. ISBN 978-979-3731-58-2.
* Biran, Misbach Yusa (1986). *Snapshots of Indonesian Film History and Non-theatrical Films in Indonesia*. Jakarta: Komunitas Bamboo working with the Jakarta Art Council. OCLC 20550138.
* Imanjaya, Ekky (2006). *A to Z about Indonesian Film* (in Indonesian). Bandung: Mizan. ISBN 978-979-752-367-1.
* "Kredit Srigala Item" \[Credits for Srigala Item\]. *filmindonesia.or.id* (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Konfiden Foundation. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
* "M. Sani". *filmindonesia.or.id* (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Konfiden Foundation. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
* Said, Salim; McGlynn, John H.; Boileau, Janet P. (1991). *Shadows on the Silver Screen: A Social History of Indonesian Film*. Jakarta: Lontar Foundation. ISBN 978-979-8083-04-4.
* "Sampoerna-theater "Srigala Item"". *Soerabaijasch Handelsblad* (in Dutch). Surabaya: Kolff & Co. 23 July 1941. p. 8. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
* Sembiring, Dalih (26 August 2009). "Saving Indonesian Cinema Treasures". *Jakarta Globe*. Archived from the original on 30 July 2012. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
* "Srigala Item". *filmindonesia.or.id* (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Konfiden Foundation. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
* "Tan Tjoei Hock | Filmografi" \[Tan Tjoei Hock | Filmography\]. *filmindonesia.or.id* (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Konfidan Foundation. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
* "(untitled)". *Soerabaijasch Handelsblad* (in Dutch). Surabaya: Kolff & Co. 23 July 1941. p. 10. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
* "(untitled)". *The Straits Times*. Singapore. 11 July 1941. p. 6. Retrieved 31 May 2013.

## InfoBox

| Srigala Item | |
| --- | --- |
| Poster | |
| Directed by | Tan Tjoei Hock |
| Screenplay by | Tan Tjoei Hock |
| Produced by | The Teng Chun |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | The Teng Gan |
| Edited by | The TS |
| Music by | Mas Sardi |
| Production<br>company | Java Industrial Film |
| Release date | * 1941 (1941) (Dutch East Indies) |
| Country | Dutch East Indies |
| Language | Indonesian |


title: Easington Academy

abstract: Easington Academy is a secondary school with academy status located in the village of Easington, County Durham, England.

text:
# Easington Academy

**Easington Academy** is a secondary school with academy status located in the village of Easington, County Durham, England.

## History

The school was first created as Easington Comprehensive School in 1978, as a result of a merger between Easington Secondary Modern School and Murton Secondary Modern School. The school was later renamed Easington Community School, and then Easington Community Science College in January 2007 after becoming a specialist science college. The school has become an academy school, and is now known as Easington Academy.

In 2019, the Academy joined the North East Learning Trust.

## House system

The school's house names are based on the family surnames most affected in the 1951 Easington Colliery pit disaster; points are allocated in school assemblies, performances, etc.

They Were Named

* Brenkley
* Dryden
* Porter
* Seymour
* Wallace

As Of June 2021 They Are Called

* Evolution
* Ambition
* Integrity
* Synergy

## Buildings

Currently, Easington Academy is made up of five buildings used for teaching:

* The Main Building (Music, Science and Technology)
* H-Block North (Geography, History, Religious Studies, as well as Mathematics)
* H-Block South (English, ICT, Modern Foreign Languages)
* Art Studio (Art and Photography)
* Sports Hall (Sports Studies and Physical Education)

Option subjects such as Health & Social Care and Travel & Tourism may be taught across multiple different buildings and don't have a fixed area on the site.

## Subjects Taught

Year 7, 8 and 9 students are taught the following subjects: English, Maths, Science, French, Geography, History, Religious Education, PSHE (branded as "World Ready"), Music, Drama, ICT and Physical Education.

In year 9, students choose up to four GCSE options to take up until year 11. Students meeting their targets in French, or are close to their targets must take GCSE French - in line with guidelines surrounding the English Baccalaureate. To further satisfy these requirements, all students must take either GCSE Geography, or GCSE History. Students then get two more options, or three if the child is not required to take French.

## Notable former pupils

The school's alumni include documentary filmmaker Carl Joyce and such professional footballers as Newcastle goalkeeper Steve Harper, Paul Kitson, Chris Brass, Paul Smith, Richard Ord, Stuart Brightwell, and Adam Johnson.

54°46′55″N 1°21′18″W / 54.781876°N 1.354896°W / 54.781876; -1.354896 (Easington Community Science College)

## InfoBox

| Easington Academy | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Stockton Road
County Durham, SR8 3AY
England | |
| Information | |
| Type | Academy |
| Department for Education URN | 138075 Tables |
| Ofsted | Reports |
| Headteacher | Nicola Falconer |
| Deputy Headteacher | Jane Martin |
| Age | 11 to 16 |
| Website | www.easingtonacademy.co.uk |


title: Rzymy-Rzymki

abstract: Rzymy-Rzymki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łuków, within Łuków County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of Łuków and 82 km (51 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin.

text:
# Rzymy-Rzymki

**Rzymy-Rzymki** \[ˈʐɨmɨ ˈʐɨmki\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łuków, within Łuków County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of Łuków and 82 km (51 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin.

## InfoBox

| Rzymy-Rzymki | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Rzymy-Rzymki | |
| Coordinates: 51°52′0″N 22°28′30″E / 51.86667°N 22.47500°E / 51.86667; 22.47500 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Łuków |
| Gmina | Łuków |


title: Professional Cup

abstract: The Professional Cup was an international soccer tournament that took place in 1992 and involved eight, professional clubs from three different leagues in North America; the American Professional Soccer League, the Canadian Soccer League, and the National Professional Soccer League. Although it was billed as "inaugural" this would be the only year that the tournament was played.

text:
# Professional Cup

The **Professional Cup** was an international soccer tournament that took place in 1992 and involved eight, professional clubs from three different leagues in North America; the American Professional Soccer League, the Canadian Soccer League, and the National Professional Soccer League. Although it was billed as *"inaugural"* this would be the only year that the tournament was played.

## Overview

The tournament was originally scheduled to be played as a standard two-legged, aggregate format in every round, but after all three of the non-APSL teams were eliminated in the first round it was decided that the remaining rounds would be single match ties. The winning team was to receive approximately $26,800 and the runners-up, about $13,200.

Nine matches, including the Final, were played in the United States, and two matches were played in Canada. The participating teams were APSL sides: Colorado Foxes, Fort Lauderdale Strikers, Miami Freedom, San Francisco Bay Blackhawks, and Tampa Bay Rowdies; CSL sides: Montreal Supra and Vancouver 86ers, as well as the NPSL's Chicago Power. Although up to that point Chicago had been known only as an indoor team, in the summer of 1992 they formed an outdoor squad as well.

Colorado won the Professional Cup Final, 4–1, over Tampa Bay. The Foxes, who had already won the 1992 APSL regular season, would also go on to win the APSL title seven days later, thus completing a minor treble.

## Match results

### Bracket

|  | First round | | | |  |  | Semifinals | | |  |  | Final | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | APSL | **Colorado Foxes** | **3** | **2** |  |  | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | | | | | | ||
|  | CSL | Vancouver 86ers | 2 | 1 |  | ||
|  | | | | | |  | APSL | **Colorado Foxes** | **1** |  | |
|  | | | | | |  | | | |  | |
|  | |  |  | APSL | San Francisco Bay Blackhawks | 0 |  ||
|  | APSL | | | | | | **San Francisco Bay Blackhawks** | **2** | **3** |  | |
|  | | | | | |  | | | | | |
|  | | NPSL | Chicago Power | 0 | 2 |  ||
|  | | | | | |  | APSL | **Colorado Foxes** | **4** |  |
|  | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  |
|  | |  |  | APSL | Tampa Bay Rowdies | 1 |  |
|  | APSL | | | | | | **Tampa Bay Rowdies** | **5** | **2** |  |  | | | | |
|  | | | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | | CSL | Montreal Supra | 1 | 0 | |  |
|  | | | | | |  | APSL | **Tampa Bay Rowdies** | **1** |  |
|  | | | | | |  | | | |  |
|  | |  |  | APSL | Fort Lauderdale Strikers | 0 |  |
|  | | | | | | | APSL | **Fort Lauderdale Strikers** | **2** | **3** |  |
|  | | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | | APSL | Miami Freedom | 1 | 1 |  |

### First round

| Team 1 | Agg. | Team 2 | Game 1 | Game 2 | Dates • Location • Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Tampa Bay Rowdies** | 7–1 | Montreal Supra | 5–1 | 2–0 | August 1 • Tampa Stadium • 600
August 12 • Stade Claude-Robillard • 924 |
| **Fort Lauderdale Strikers** | 5–2 | Miami Freedom | 2–1 | 3–1 | August 8 • Colts Stadium • 1,152
August 12 • Orange Bowl • 85 |
| **San Francisco Bay Blackhawks** | 5–2 | Chicago Power | 2–0 | 3–2 | July 22 • Buck Shaw Stadium • 2,050
August 19Norris Stadium • (???) |
| **Colorado Foxes** | 5–3 | Vancouver 86ers | 3–2 | 2–1 | August 3 • Englewood Stadium • 368
August 11 • Swangard Stadium • 3,083 |

### Semifinals

| September 4 | **Tampa Bay Rowdies** | **1–0** | **Fort Lauderdale Strikers** | Tampa, Florida |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Charles  5'
Sloan  82' (Gyau) | Report | Pittman  67' | Stadium: Tampa Stadium
Attendance: 356
Referee: Zim Boules |

| September 5 | **Colorado Foxes** | **1–0** | **San Francisco Bay Blackhawks** | Englewood, Colorado |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Diané  56' | Report |  | Stadium: Englewood Stadium |

### Professional Cup Final

| Colorado Foxes | 4–1 | Tampa Bay Rowdies |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hooker  13'
Haynes  16'
Diané  40' (Santel)
Eck  90' (Roentved) | report 1
report 2
report 3 | Harbor  78' (Rowe) |

Englewood Stadium, Englewood, ColoradoAttendance: 3,507

**1992 Professional Cup Champions:** Colorado Foxes

| Match Stats | Colorado | Tampa Bay |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Goals scored | 4 | 1 |
| Total shots | 17 | 6 |
| Shots on target | 8 | 2 |
| Saves | 1 | 4 |

## InfoBox

Professional Cup
| 1992 Professional Cup | |
| --- | --- |
| Tournament details | |
| Host country | United States
Canada |
| Dates | July 22, 1992 –
September 19, 1992 |
| Teams | 8 |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Colorado Foxes (1st title) |
| Runners-up | Tampa Bay Rowdies |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 11 |
| Goals scored | 37 (3.36 per match) |
| Top scorer(s) | Jean Harbor  (5 goals) |
|


title: Big Baller Brand Challenge Games

abstract: Big Baller Brand Challenge Games were a series of friendly basketball games between Vytautas Prienai–Birštonas of the Lithuanian Basketball League (LKL) and five teams in the LKL, National Basketball League (NKL), and Regional Basketball League (RKL). It began on January 9 and ended on January 28, 2018. The games were designed by Vytautas to give more exposure to its new signees, brothers LaMelo and LiAngelo Ball, and resulted in the team's withdrawal from the 2017–18 Baltic Basketball League season. The games were sponsored by Big Baller Brand, an athletic apparel company founded by the brothers' father LaVar Ball, and were streamed on Facebook Live via Ballislife Weekly Showcase. Vytautas won all five games of the exhibition series, and five of its players earned the game's most valuable player honors. Official head coach Virginijus Šeškus coached the team in its first four games, with LaVar Ball being named assistant coach in the fourth game against Dzūkija Alytus. Ball was appointed head coach for the team's final game against Jonava. Under Ball's coaching, LaMelo and LiAngelo Ball played increased minutes and had their top performances of the Big Baller Brand Challenge Games, with the former scoring an event-high 43 points in the fourth game and recording a triple-double in the last game of the event.

text:
# Big Baller Brand Challenge Games

**Big Baller Brand Challenge Games** were a series of friendly basketball games between Vytautas Prienai–Birštonas of the Lithuanian Basketball League (LKL) and five teams in the LKL, National Basketball League (NKL), and Regional Basketball League (RKL). It began on January 9 and ended on January 28, 2018. The games were designed by Vytautas to give more exposure to its new signees, brothers LaMelo and LiAngelo Ball, and resulted in the team's withdrawal from the 2017–18 Baltic Basketball League season. The games were sponsored by Big Baller Brand, an athletic apparel company founded by the brothers' father LaVar Ball, and were streamed on Facebook Live via Ballislife Weekly Showcase.

Vytautas won all five games of the exhibition series, and five of its players earned the game's most valuable player honors. Official head coach Virginijus Šeškus coached the team in its first four games, with LaVar Ball being named assistant coach in the fourth game against Dzūkija Alytus. Ball was appointed head coach for the team's final game against Jonava. Under Ball's coaching, LaMelo and LiAngelo Ball played increased minutes and had their top performances of the Big Baller Brand Challenge Games, with the former scoring an event-high 43 points in the fourth game and recording a triple-double in the last game of the event.

## History

On December 11, 2017, Vytautas Prienai–Birštonas signed LaMelo and LiAngelo Ball, whose brother Lonzo Ball competes for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Their father LaVar Ball, owner of the athletic apparel company Big Baller Brand, also rose to fame earlier in the year as a media personality. Before their signings, the Ball brothers were involved with controversy relating to their previous schools, with LaMelo being pulled out of Chino Hills High School by his father during his junior year in October 2017 and LiAngelo being arrested in China on November 10 before dropping out of UCLA altogether a month later. The signing immediately drew attention from major sports media outlets, including ESPN, Yahoo Sports, and *Sports Illustrated*. LaMelo also became the youngest American to sign a professional basketball contract overseas.

On January 5, 2018, shortly after the Ball brothers' arrival in Lithuania, Vytautas announced that they would participate in the newly formed Big Baller Brand Challenge Games to give the brothers more playing time. The decision led to the team's withdrawal from the Baltic Basketball League (BBL) for the 2017–18 season. In the challenge, the team would mostly face teams in the National Basketball League, the second-best league in Lithuania. Games were streamed live on the Facebook page of Ballislife Weekly Showcase. The most valuable player (MVP) of each game would be rewarded with $2,000 USD and a pair of ZO2 shoes from Big Baller Brand; that honor would not be named towards either LiAngelo or LaMelo Ball due to their own affiliations to the Big Baller Brand, nor would the honor be given to a previous player who was named MVP earlier in the event.

## Teams

| Team | League (2017–18) |
| --- | --- |
| Dzūkija Alytus | Lithuanian Basketball League |
| Jonava | National Basketball League |
| Lietuvos-rytas-2 Vilnius | Regional Basketball League |
| Vytautas Prienai–Birštonas | Lithuanian Basketball League |
| Vytis Šakiai | National Basketball League |
| Žalgiris-2 Kaunas | National Basketball League |

## Games

### Vytautas Prienai–Birštonas vs. Žalgiris-2 Kaunas

In the opening game of the Big Baller Brand Challenge Games, Vytautas defeated Žalgiris-2 Kaunas of the National Basketball League (NKL), the second-best in Lithuania, with a final score of 90–80. In their debut games for the club, LiAngelo Ball recorded 19 points and 3 rebounds as the starting shooting guard for Vytautas, while LaMelo Ball came off the bench that game to produce 10 points and a game-high 9 assists. Žalgiris-2, the reserve team to LKL powerhouse Žalgiris, chose to play with their under-18 players, most notably sidelining starting point guard Ignas Sargiunas. Rokas Jokubaitis of the visiting team led all scorers with 31 points on 13-of-24 shooting and was labeled "the top NBA prospect in the game" by Mike Schmitz of ESPN. However, Vytautas big man Regimantas Miniotas, who recorded 20 points and 13 rebounds, was named most valuable player (MVP) and earned the rewards from Big Baller Brand. Business Insider remarked that "the real star of the show was the Big Baller Brand" due to its heavy advertisement during the game. About 1.6 million people viewed the game on Facebook.

| January 9, 2018 | **Vytautas Prienai–Birštonas** | **90**80 | Žalgiris-2 Kaunas | Prienai, Lithuania |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:30 (EET) | **Scoring by quarter:** **19**–16, 16–**21**, **31**–17, 14–**16** | | |
|  | **Pts:** Miniotas 20
**Rebs:** Miniotas 13
**Asts:** La. Ball 9 | Boxscore | **Pts:** Jokubaitis 31
**Rebs:** Venskus 10
**Asts:** Arlauskas 3 | Arena: Prienai Arena
Attendance: 1,500
 |  |

| Starters: Pts Reb Ast   PG **17**  Denys Lukashov 6 1 4   SG **3**  LiAngelo Ball 19 3 1   SF **9**  Edvinas Šeškus 6 2 2   PF **31**  Justas Sinica 14 7 3   **22**  Regimantas Miniotas 20 13 1   Reserves:     PG **1**  LaMelo Ball 10 2 9   SG **33**  Tomas Dimša 13 1 8   SF **21**  Martynas Linkevičius 0 5 0   PG **10**  Paulius Ivanauskas 2 1 1   PG **5**  Gediminas Maceina 0 1 2   Head coach:  Virginijus Šeškus |

Most valuable player  Regimantas Miniotas | Starters: Pts Reb Ast   PG **13**  Rokas Jokubaitis 31 1 1   SG **5**  Martynas Arlauskas 14 7 3   SF **12**  Laurynas Vaistaras 2 6 1   PF **27**  Giedrius Bergaudas 2 5 0   **21**  Erikas Venskus 11 10 0   Reserves:     PG **2**  Arnas Adomavičius 12 3 2   PF **18**  Nedas Kancleris 6 3 1   SG **24**  Modestas Kancleris 2 2 0   PG **8**  Nojus Pankratjevas 0 0 1   **15**  Volodymyr Markovetskyy 0 0 0   SF **16**  Matas Spokas 0 0 0   Head coach:  Tomas Masiulis |
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### Vytautas Prienai–Birštonas vs. Lietuvos rytas-2 Vilnius

Vytautas won their second game of the event in a 130–93 blowout against the Lietuvos rytas-2 Vilnius of the Regional Basketball League (RKL), the third-best league in Lithuania. Lietuvos rytas-2, which exclusively featured players below the age of 18, is the junior team of the original Lietuvos rytas in the LKL. LaMelo and LiAngelo Ball led the game with 31 and 29 points respectively, with the former also recording nine assists and eight steals. For the Lietuvos rytas-2, Deividas Sirvydis scored a team-high 19 points and Ernestas Narusevičius had a double-double of 11 points and 11 rebounds. LaMelo Ball, who made his first start, drew attention in the United States for his failed attempt to throw himself an alley-oop off the backboard in the final minutes. Newly acquired Vytautas player Kervin Bristol, who contributed 17 points and seven rebounds, as well as several dunks, was named MVP that game.

| January 15, 2018 | **Vytautas Prienai–Birštonas** | **130**93 | Lietuvos-rytas-2 Vilnius | Prienai, Lithuania |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:30 (EET) | **Scoring by quarter:** **32**–19, **32**–22, **34**–19, 32–**33** | | |
|  | **Pts:** La. Ball 31
**Rebs:** Bristol 7
**Asts:** La. Ball 9 | Boxscore | **Pts:** Sirvydis 19
**Rebs:** Naruševičius 11
**Asts:** Jermolajevas, Marčiulionis 3 | Arena: Prienai Arena
Attendance: 1,200
 |  |

| Starters: Pts Reb Ast   PG **1**  LaMelo Ball 31 4 9   SG **3**  LiAngelo Ball 29 3 4   SF **21**  Martynas Linkevičius 2 6 1   PF **31**  Justas Sinica 13 6 2   **55**  Kervin Bristol 17 7 0   Reserves:     PF **22**  Regimantas Miniotas 19 5 3   PG **10**  Paulius Ivanauskas 0 4 5   PG **17**  Denys Lukashov 11 3 3   SF **9**  Edvinas Šeškus 3 1 2   SG **33**  Tomas Dimša 5 1 6   PG **5**  Gediminas Maceina 0 4 1   Head coach:  Virginijus Šeškus |

Most valuable player  Kervin Bristol | Starters: Pts Reb Ast   PG **88**  Domantas Vilys 7 1 0   SG **1**  Gediminas Mokseckas 3 0 0   SF **0**  Deividas Sirvydis 19 7 1   PF **23**  Marek Blazevic 7 1 1   **15**  Ernestas Narusevičius 11 11 1   Reserves:     SG **5**  Mykolas Astrauskas 7 0 1   PG **7**  Simas Jarumbauskas 12 6 1   PG **13**  Augustas Marčiulionis 4 4 3   SG **17**  Tomas Pačėsas 2 1 1   PG **18**  Pijus Rimkus 5 2 2   SG **31**  Šarūnas Valunta 8 0 2   PF **31**  Erikas Jermolajevas 8 1 3   Head coach:  Arvydas Gronskis |
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### Vytautas Prienai–Birštonas vs. Vytis Šakiai

This match would be the closest of all the Big Baller Brand Challenge Games, with Vytautas coming from behind near the end of the third quarter to win 93–89 against Vytis Šakiai of the National Basketball League (NKL). LiAngelo Ball would lead all players in points scored with 22 points and 7 rebounds recorded, while LaMelo Ball recorded 14 points, 2 rebounds, and 2 assists that night. Kervin Bristol led the Vytautas in rebounds with 8 rebounds to go with the 14 points he scored. For the Vytis, they were primarily led by Brian Wanamaker and Marijus Užupis, who both led the team in points scored that night with 13 each. Užupis also led the Vytis in rebounds with 9 total, while Wanamaker tied with Rytis Juknevičius for assists with 6 each. Tomas Dimša would be named the MVP of the night for his overall game, which resulted in 11 points, 6 rebounds, and a game-high 8 assists for the Vytautas.

| January 17, 2018 | **Vytautas Prienai–Birštonas** | **93**89 | Vytis Šakiai | Prienai, Lithuania |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 21:00 (EET) | **Scoring by quarter:** **21**–18, 22–**28**, **28**–27, **22**–16 | | |
|  | **Pts:** Li. Ball 22
**Rebs:** Bristol 8
**Asts:** Dimša 8 | Boxscore | **Pts:** Užupis, Wanamaker 13
**Rebs:** Užupis 9
**Asts:** Juknevičius, Wanamaker 6 | Arena: Prienai Arena
Attendance: 1,000
 |  |

| Starters: Pts Reb Ast   PG **1**  LaMelo Ball 14 2 2   SG **3**  LiAngelo Ball 22 7 0   SF **21**  Tomas Dimša 11 6 8   PF **31**  Justas Sinica 10 5 3   **55**  Kervin Bristol 14 8 0   Reserves:     PF **22**  Regimantas Miniotas 7 6 1   PG **17**  Denys Lukashov 5 3 5   SF **21**  Martynas Linkevičius 6 6 2   PG **5**  Gediminas Maceina 2 0 0   Head coach:  Virginijus Šeškus |

Most valuable player  Tomas Dimša | Starters: Pts Reb Ast   PG **3**  Brian Wanamaker 13 7 6   SG **7**  Gytis Radzevičius 11 3 1   SF **5**  Šarūnas Vingelis 11 1 0   PF **13**  Marijus Užupis 13 9 1   **24**  Aurelijus Pukelis 8 7 1   Reserves:     SF **11**  Aurimas Majauskas 11 6 1   SG **13**  Rytis Juknevičius 10 5 6   SG **1**  Paulius Beliavičius 8 2 0   PF **12**  Justas Sakalauskas 4 2 1   SG **8**  Markas Užukauskas 0 0 0   Head coach:  Aurimas Jasilionis |
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### Vytautas Prienai–Birštonas vs. Dzūkija Alytus

In the penultimate game of the Big Baller Brand Challenge Games, Vytautas Prienai–Birštonas defeated LKL rivals Dzūkija Alytus with a final score of 147–142. Vytautas named LaVar Ball, father to the Ball brothers, as assistant coach for the game and gave him authority over many of the team's key decisions. Days before the match-up, Dzūkija parted ways with top scorer Katin Reinhardt, who signed with the Bosnian team Igokea. The game featured the best performances until that point in the event for both LaMelo and LiAngelo Ball, who both played all 40 minutes of the game. LaMelo recorded a game-high 43 points, 10 assists, and eight rebounds, while LiAngelo posted 37 points, eight rebounds, and five assists. Vytautas player Edvinas Šeškus, son of head coach Virginijus, was named most valuable player with a performance of 23 points, five rebounds, and five assists. Dzūkija were led by Paulius Petrilevičius, who scored 35 points and grabbed nine rebounds in 21 minutes. Gediminas Žalalis also recorded a double-double of 23 points and 11 rebounds for the visitors.

| January 23, 2018 | **Vytautas Prienai–Birštonas** | **147**142 | Dzūkija Alytus | Prienai, Lithuania |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 21:00 (EET) | **Scoring by quarter:** 34–**37**, 33–33, **40**–37, **40**–35 | | |
|  | **Pts:** La. Ball 43
**Rebs:** Miniotas 9
**Asts:** La. Ball 10 | Boxscore | **Pts:** Petrilevičius 35
**Rebs:** Žalalis 11
**Asts:** Danisevičius 8 | Arena: Prienai Arena
Attendance: 1,000
 |  |

| Starters: Pts Reb Ast   PG **1**  LaMelo Ball 43 8 10   SG **3**  LiAngelo Ball 37 8 5   SF **21**  Edvinas Šeškus 23 5 5   PF **31**  Regimantas Miniotas 4 9 3   **55**  Kervin Bristol 13 6 0   Reserves:     SF **21**  Martynas Linkevičius 16 7 2   PG **17**  Denys Lukashov 2 0 0   SG **10**  Paulius Ivanauskas 9 3 4   PF **31**  Justas Sinica 0 0 1   PG **5**  Gediminas Maceina 0 0 1   Head coach:  Virginijus Šeškus |

Most valuable player  Edvinas Šeškus | Starters: Pts Reb Ast   PG **10**  Charles Callison 16 6 5   SG **32**  Gediminas Navickas 4 3 7   SF **5**  Tomas Pačėsas 2 1 1   PF **14**  Paulius Petrilevičius 35 9 3   **21**  Anatoly Kashirov 9 1 1   Reserves:     SF **19**  Nikolaos Stylianou 23 6 2   PF **77**  Gediminas Žalalis 23 11 1   PG **11**  Paulius Danisevičius 9 1 8   SF **12**  Mindaugas Sušinskas 8 3 7   **20**  Egor Gontarev 6 3 2   PG **3**  Martynas Pocevičius 7 2 2   Head coach:  Nikola Vasilev |
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### Vytautas Prienai–Birštonas vs. Jonava

For the final game of the Big Baller Brand Challenge Games, LaVar Ball was promoted from assistant head coach to head coach for Vytautas, taking over coaching duties for Virginijus Šeškus that night as they blew out the competition, winning by the final score of 151–120 over BC Jonava of the National Basketball League (NKL). LaMelo Ball would end the event with a triple-double on display, recording 40 points, 11 rebounds, and 10 assists for Vytautas. Meanwhile, both LiAngelo Ball and Regimantas Miniotas wouldn't be far behind him themselves, with LiAngelo recording 31 points, 8 rebounds, and 5 assists and Miniotas recording 20 points, a game-high 17 rebounds, and 7 assists of his own. For Jonava, their main player of the game was Bryton Hobbs, who lead the entire team in all primary statistics with 30 points, 10 rebounds, and 8 assists. For the finale, the most valuable player of the game was given to Justas Sinica, who recorded 14 points, 8 rebounds, and 2 assists while coming off the bench for the team.

| January 28, 2018 | **Vytautas Prienai–Birštonas** | **151**120 | Jonava | Prienai, Lithuania |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 21:00 (EET) | **Scoring by quarter:** **32**–22, 36–**42**, **49**–31, **34**–23 | | |
|  | **Pts:** La. Ball 40
**Rebs:** Miniotas 17
**Asts:** La. Ball 10 |  | **Pts:** Hobbs 30
**Rebs:** Hobbs 10
**Asts:** Hobbs 8 | Arena: Prienai Arena
Attendance: 1,000
 |  |

| Starters: Pts Reb Ast   PG **1**  LaMelo Ball 40 11 10   SG **3**  LiAngelo Ball 31 8 5   SF **21**  Edvinas Šeškus 22 2 0   PF **31**  Regimantas Miniotas 20 17 7   **55**  Kervin Bristol 11 7 0   Reserves:     PF **31**  Justas Sinica 14 8 2   SG **33**  Tomas Dimša 5 4 3   PG **7**  Bartas Aleksandravičius 6 2 0   PG **5**  Gediminas Maceina 2 3 3   Head coach:  LaVar Ball |

Most valuable player  Justas Sinica | Starters: Pts Reb Ast   PG **5**  Bryton Hobbs 30 10 8   SG **29**  Dovydas Redikas 7 6 7   SF **8**  Ebuka Anyaorah 0 0 0   PF **14**  Tomas Miškinis 20 8 3   **23**  Yu Heng 12 2 1   Reserves:     **9**  Martynas Pacevičius 16 4 1   PF **10**  Justas Vazalis 15 4 0   PG **1**  Lukas Grabauskas 4 3 5   SG **3**  Šarūnas Dambrauskas 5 2 2   **11**  Karolis Šarukas 7 3 3   PF **22**  Antanas Montrimavičius 4 1 3   Head coach:  Nerijus Zabarauskas |
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## InfoBox

Big Baller Brand Challenge Games
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | January 9–29, 2018 (2018-01-09 2018-01-29) |
| Duration | 20 days |
| Venue | Prienai Arena |
| Location | Prienai, Lithuania |
| Coordinates | 54°38′52″N 23°57′41″E / 54.64778°N 23.96139°E / 54.64778; 23.96139 |
| Patron(s) | Big Baller Brand
Ballislife.com
Facebook |
| Organised by | Vytautas Prienai–Birštonas |
| Participants | 6 teams |