title: Sphaerechinorhynchus

abstract:
Sphaerechinorhynchus is a genus of worms belonging to the family Plagiorhynchidae. The species of this genus are found in Southeastern Asia, Australia. Species:
  - Sphaerechinorhynchus macropisthospinus Amin, Wongsawad, Marayong, Saehoong, Suwattanacoupt & Say, 1998
  - Sphaerechinorhynchus maximesospinus H.a.Amin & Heckmann, 2008
  - Sphaerechinorhynchus ophiograndis Bolette, 1997
  - Sphaerechinorhynchus rotundocapitatus
  - Sphaerechinorhynchus serpenticola Schmidt & Kuntz, 1966

text:
# Sphaerechinorhynchus

***Sphaerechinorhynchus*** is a genus of worms belonging to the family Plagiorhynchidae.

The species of this genus are found in Southeastern Asia, Australia.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Sphaerechinorhynchus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Acanthocephala |
| Class: | Palaeacanthocephala |
| Order: | Polymorphida |
| Family: | Plagiorhynchidae |
| Genus: | *Sphaerechinorhynchus*<br>Johnston, 1929 |
|


title: 1996 San Francisco Giants season

abstract: The 1996 San Francisco Giants season was the Giants' 114th season in Major League Baseball, their 39th season in San Francisco since their move from New York following the 1957 season, and their 37th at 3Com Park at Candlestick Point. The team finished in fourth place in the National League West with a 68–94 record, 23 games behind the San Diego Padres.

text:
# 1996 San Francisco Giants season

The **1996 San Francisco Giants season** was the Giants' 114th season in Major League Baseball, their 39th season in San Francisco since their move from New York following the 1957 season, and their 37th at 3Com Park at Candlestick Point. The team finished in fourth place in the National League West with a 68–94 record, 23 games behind the San Diego Padres.

## Offseason

## Regular season

### Opening day starters

### Season standings

NL West
| Team |  |  | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| San Diego Padres | 91 | 71 | .562 |  | 4536 | 4635 |
| Los Angeles Dodgers | 90 | 72 | .556 | 1 | 4734 | 4338 |
| Colorado Rockies | 83 | 79 | .512 | 8 | 5526 | 2853 |
| San Francisco Giants | 68 | 94 | .420 | 23 | 3844 | 3050 |

### Record vs. opponents

|
Sources: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | ATL | CHC | CIN | COL | FLA | HOU | LAD | MON | NYM | PHI | PIT | SD | SF | STL |
| Atlanta |  | 7–5 | 7–5 | 5–7 | 6–7 | 6–6 | 5–7 | 10–3 | 7–6 | 9–4 | 9–3 | 9–4 | 7–5 | 9–4 |
| Chicago | 5–7 |  | 5–8 | 5–7 | 6–6 | 5–8 | 8–5 | 6–6 | 7–5 | 7–6 | 4–9 | 6–6 | 7–5 | 5–8 |
| Cincinnati | 5–7 | 8–5 |  | 7–6 | 3–9 | 7–6 | 4–8 | 3–9 | 6–6 | 10–2 | 5–8 | 9–3 | 9–4 | 5–8 |
| Colorado | 7–5 | 7–5 | 6–7 |  | 5–8 | 8–5 | 6–7 | 3–9 | 7–5 | 6–6 | 7–5 | 8–5 | 5–8 | 8–4 |
| Florida | 7–6 | 6–6 | 9–3 | 8–5 |  | 7–5 | 6–7 | 5–8 | 7–6 | 6–7 | 5–7 | 3–9 | 5–7 | 6–6 |
| Houston | 6–6 | 8–5 | 6–7 | 5–8 | 5–7 |  | 6–6 | 4–9 | 8–4 | 10–2 | 8–5 | 6–6 | 8–4 | 2–11 |
| Los Angeles | 7–5 | 5–8 | 8–4 | 7–6 | 7–6 | 6–6 |  | 9–3 | 8–4 | 7–6 | 6–6 | 5–8 | 7–6 | 8–4 |
| Montreal | 3–10 | 6–6 | 9–3 | 9–3 | 8–5 | 9–4 | 3–9 |  | 7–6 | 6–7 | 7–5 | 4–8 | 9–4 | 8–4 |
| New York | 6–7 | 5–7 | 6–6 | 5–7 | 6–7 | 4–8 | 4–8 | 6–7 |  | 7–6 | 8–5 | 3–10 | 6–6 | 5–7 |
| Philadelphia | 4-9 | 6–7 | 2–10 | 6–6 | 7–6 | 2–10 | 6–7 | 7–6 | 6–7 |  | 7–5 | 4–8 | 6–6 | 4–8 |
| Pittsburgh | 3–9 | 9–4 | 8–5 | 5–7 | 7–5 | 5–8 | 6–6 | 5–7 | 5–8 | 5–7 |  | 4–9 | 8–4 | 3–10 |
| San Diego | 4–9 | 6–6 | 3–9 | 5–8 | 9–3 | 6–6 | 8–5 | 8–4 | 10–3 | 8–4 | 9–4 |  | 11–2 | 4–8 |
| San Francisco | 5–7 | 5–7 | 4–9 | 8–5 | 7–5 | 4–8 | 6–7 | 4–9 | 6–6 | 6–6 | 4–8 | 2–11 |  | 7–6 |
| St. Louis | 4–9 | 8–5 | 8–5 | 4–8 | 6–6 | 11-2 | 4–8 | 4–8 | 7–5 | 8–4 | 10–3 | 8–4 | 6–7 |  |

### Game log

| 1996 Game Log: 68–94 (Home: 38–44; Away: 30–50) |
| --- |
|
| April: 14–12 (Home: 6–6; Away: 8–6)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Attendance Record  1 April 1 @ Braves 8–10 Maddux **Leiter** (0–1) Borbon 48,961 0–1  2 April 3 @ Braves 2–15 Glavine **VanLandingham** (0–1)  28,728 0–2  3 April 4 @ Braves 7–1 **Watson** (1–0) Smoltz  30,271 1–2  4 April 5 @ Marlins 7–1 **Fernandez** (1–0) Rapp  24,769 2–2  5 April 6 @ Marlins 0–1 (10) Nen **Dewey** (0–1)  34,002 2–3  6 April 7 @ Marlins 14–7 **Bourgeois** (1–0) Burkett  19,842 3–3  7 April 8 @ Astros 2–6 Hampton **VanLandingham** (0–2)  13,488 3–4  8 April 9 @ Astros 3–1 (10) **Juden** (1–0) Tabaka **Beck** (1) 13,588 4–4  9 April 10 @ Astros 11–5 **Fernandez** (2–0) Kile  14,183 5–4  10 April 12 Cubs 4–1 **Leiter** (1–1) Navarro **Beck** (2) 45,589 6–4  11 April 13 Cubs 3–2 (10) **Juden** (2–0) Myers  22,120 7–4  12 April 14 Cubs 2–6 Foster **Watson** (1–1) Wendell 23,137 7–5  13 April 16 Dodgers 5–3 **Dewey** (1–1) Osuna **Beck** (3) 19,716 8–5  14 April 17 Dodgers 2–11 Osuna **Leiter** (1–2)  17,039 8–6  15 April 18 @ Cubs 6–7 Perez **VanLandingham** (0–3) Wendell 15,857 8–7  16 April 19 @ Cubs 6–10 Foster **Watson** (1–2)  17,662 8–8  17 April 20 @ Cubs 8–4 **Gardner** (1–0) Bullinger  28,047 9–8  18 April 21 @ Cubs 7–6 **Fernandez** (3–0) Trachsel **Beck** (4) 28,065 10–8  19 April 22 Astros 8–11 Reynolds **Leiter** (1–3)  8,867 10–9  20 April 23 Astros 4–8 Kile **VanLandingham** (0–4)  8,439 10–10  21 April 24 Braves 3–8 Smoltz **Watson** (1–3)  13,296 10–11  22 April 25 Braves 8–0 **Gardner** (2–0) Schmidt  12,436 11–11  23 April 26 Marlins 0–3 Brown **Fernandez** (3–1)  12,461 11–12  24 April 27 Marlins 6–3 **Leiter** (2–3) Burkett **Beck** (5) 15,711 12–12  25 April 28 Marlins 10–4 **VanLandingham** (1–4) Hammond  23,535 13–12  26 April 30 @ Padres 9–4 **Watson** (2–3) Tewksbury  14,170 14–12 |
| May: 12–14 (Home: 5–7; Away: 7–7)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Attendance Record  27 May 1 @ Padres 4–9 Valenzuela **Gardner** (2–1)  14,878 14–13  28 May 3 Reds 3–5 McElroy **Creek** (0–1) Brantley 12,884 14–14  29 May 4 Reds 7–9 Moore **Leiter** (2–4) Brantley 18,989 14–15  30 May 5 Reds 6–12 Smiley **VanLandingham** (1–5)  18,052 14–16  31 May 7 @ Cardinals 4–2 **Watson** (3–3) Fossas **Beck** (6) 23,492 15–16  32 May 8 @ Cardinals 10–7 **Gardner** (3–1) Benes **Beck** (7) 22,517 16–16  33 May 9 @ Cardinals 8–16 Parrett **Dewey** (1–2)  37,920 16–17  34 May 10 @ Pirates 5–4 (10) **DeLucia** (1–0) Cordova **Beck** (8) 17,611 17–17  35 May 11 @ Pirates 12–7 **VanLandingham** (2–5) Hope  16,591 18–17  36 May 12 @ Pirates 7–2 **Watson** (4–3) Smith  17,132 19–17  37 May 13 @ Phillies 2–1 **Gardner** (4–1) Fernandez **Beck** (9) 18,758 20–17  38 May 14 @ Phillies 0–7 Schilling **Fernandez** (3–2)  18,774 20–18  39 May 15 @ Phillies 6–7 (10) Bottalico **Beck** (0–1)  25,085 20–19  40 May 18 Mets 5–14 Clark **VanLandingham** (2–6)  15,298 20–20  41 May 19 Mets 1–0 **Watson** (5–3) Isringhausen **Beck** (10)  21–20  42 May 19 Mets 6–2 **Gardner** (5–1) Wilson  22,959 22–20  43 May 20 Expos 9–6 **Dewey** (2–2) Dyer **Beck** (11) 10,062 23–20  44 May 21 Expos 8–5 **Dewey** (3–2) Aucoin **Beck** (12) 8,911 24–20  45 May 22 Expos 3–4 Martinez **VanLandingham** (2–7) Rojas 11,663 24–21  46 May 24 Phillies 1–5 Schilling **Watson** (5–4)  11,917 24–22  47 May 25 Phillies 3–2 **Gardner** (6–1) Williams **Beck** (13) 16,874 25–22  48 May 26 Phillies 1–10 Mulholland **Fernandez** (3–3) Bottalico 26,234 25–23  49 May 28 @ Mets 0–4 Clark **Leiter** (2–5) Henry 15,733 25–24  50 May 29 @ Mets 4–2 **VanLandingham** (3–7) Isringhausen **Beck** (14) 15,578 26–24  51 May 30 @ Mets 0–1 Wilson **Watson** (5–5) Franco 15,781 26–25  52 May 31 @ Expos 4–7 Daal **DeLucia** (1–1) Veres 25,712 26–26 |
| June: 10–17 (Home: 7–9; Away: 3–8)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Attendance Record  53 June 1 @ Expos 1–5 Fassero **Fernandez** (3–4) Dyer 36,858 26–27  54 June 2 @ Expos 8–1 **Leiter** (3–5) Martinez  25,006 27–27  55 June 3 @ Reds 6–3 **VanLandingham** (4–7) Burba  20,028 28–27  56 June 4 @ Reds 1–4 Salkeld **Watson** (5–6) Brantley 28,549 28–28  57 June 5 @ Reds 15–4 **Gardner** (7–1) Jarvis  21,881 29–28  58 June 7 Cardinals 4–9 Benes **Fernandez** (3–5)  13,009 29–29  59 June 8 Cardinals 4–1 **DeLucia** (2–1) Stottlemyre **Beck** (15) 20,401 30–29  60 June 9 Cardinals 9–0 **Watson** (6–6) Benes  24,176 31–29  61 June 10 Pirates 4–5 Morel **DeLucia** (2–2) Cordova 10,026 31–30  62 June 11 Pirates 2–7 Neagle **Fernandez** (3–6)  11,530 31–31  63 June 13 Astros 12–8 **Leiter** (4–5) Kile  10,527 32–31  64 June 14 Astros 1–9 Hampton **VanLandingham** (4–8) Wagner 10,758 32–32  65 June 15 Astros 3–4 Wall **Watson** (6–7) Jones 18,530 32–33  66 June 16 Astros 8–7 **DeLucia** (3–2) Morman  27,624 33–33  67 June 17 Marlins 1–0 **Fernandez** (4–6) Leiter **Beck** (16) 9,524 34–33  68 June 18 Marlins 9–8 (15) **Juden** (3–0) Rapp  15,439 35–33  69 June 19 Marlins 7–4 (15) **Bautista** (1–0) Mathews  13,274 36–33  70 June 21 @ Braves 7–8 (11) Wade **Beck** (0–2)  38,432 36–34  71 June 22 @ Braves 0–6 Maddux **Gardner** (7–2)  49,365 36–35  72 June 23 @ Braves 0–1 Glavine **Fernandez** (4–7) Wohlers 35,645 36–36  73 June 24 @ Marlins 1–2 Burkett **Leiter** (4–6) Nen 16,860 36–37  74 June 25 @ Marlins 4–5 (10) Powell **Beck** (0–3)  16,577 36–38  75 June 26 @ Marlins 2–3 Brown **Watson** (6–8)  21,188 36–39  76 June 27 Padres 1–11 Valenzuela **Gardner** (7–3)  12,325 36–40  77 June 28 Padres 1–6 Ashby **Fernandez** (4–8) Hoffman 13,129 36–41  78 June 29 Padres 6–7 Blair **Beck** (0–4) Hoffman 24,540 36–42  79 June 30 Padres 4–7 Tewksbury **VanLandingham** (4–9) Hoffman 26,373 36–43 |
| July: 10–17 (Home: 8–6; Away: 2–11)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Attendance Record  80 July 1 Rockies 9–6 **Juden** (4–0) Painter **Beck** (17) 16,142 37–43  81 July 2 Rockies 5–1 **Gardner** (8–3) Ritz  13,571 38–43  82 July 3 Rockies 2–3 Leskanic **Beck** (0–5) Ruffin 44,356 38–44  83 July 4 @ Padres 4–8 Tewksbury **Leiter** (4–7)  14,111 38–45  84 July 5 @ Padres 6–7 (11) Bergman **Bautista** (1–1)  22,589 38–46  85 July 6 @ Padres 3–7 Worrell **Bourgeois** (1–1) Hoffman 51,021 38–47  86 July 7 @ Padres 3–10 Valenzuela **Fernandez** (4–9)  32,693 38–48  87 July 11 @ Dodgers 3–8 Martinez **Leiter** (4–8)  37,305 38–49  88 July 12 @ Dodgers 1–6 Valdez **Fernandez** (4–10)  44,569 38–50  89 July 13 @ Dodgers 7–0 **Estes** (1–0) Nomo  54,226 39–50  90 July 14 @ Dodgers 6–0 **VanLandingham** (5–9) Park  42,862 40–50  91 July 15 @ Rockies 3–7 Bailey **Bourgeois** (1–2)  48,032 40–51  92 July 16 @ Rockies 3–5 Freeman **Leiter** (4–9) Ruffin 49,035 40–52  93 July 17 @ Rockies 3–4 Wright **Fernandez** (4–11) Ruffin 48,453 40–53  94 July 18 Dodgers 3–8 Nomo **Estes** (1–1)  28,072 40–54  95 July 19 Dodgers 5–4 **VanLandingham** (6–9) Candiotti **Beck** (18) 27,562 41–54  96 July 20 Dodgers 7–6 **Bautista** (2–1) Worrell  50,014 42–54  97 July 21 Dodgers 6–7 Osuna **DeLucia** (3–3) Worrell 36,345 42–55  98 July 22 Cubs 3–2 **Bautista** (3–1) Bottenfield  12,902 43–55  99 July 23 Cubs 6–9 Myers **DeLucia** (3–4) Patterson 15,878 43–56  100 July 24 Cubs 1–7 Castillo **VanLandingham** (6–10)  13,695 43–57  101 July 25 Braves 4–3 **Watson** (7–8) Maddux **Beck** (19) 16,871 44–57  102 July 26 Braves 1–2 Glavine **Leiter** (4–10) Wohlers 17,560 44–58  103 July 27 Braves 7–5 **Gardner** (9–3) Woodall **Beck** (20) 38,761 45–58  104 July 28 Braves 10–3 **Estes** (2–1) Smoltz **Beck** (21) 34,525 46–58  105 July 30 @ Cubs 0–4 Castillo **VanLandingham** (6–11) Adams 37,424 46–59  106 July 31 @ Cubs 1–4 Trachsel **Watson** (7–9) Wendell 28,988 46–60 |
| August: 12–15 (Home: 6–7; Away: 6–8)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Attendance Record  107 August 2 @ Astros 1–5 Drabek **Gardner** (9–4) Hernandez 22,682 46–61  108 August 3 @ Astros 1–4 Reynolds **Estes** (2–2)  35,930 46–62  109 August 4 @ Astros 6–7 Hampton **Fernandez** (4–12) Wagner 33,646 46–63  110 August 5 Reds 3–4 Salkeld **VanLandingham** (6–12) Brantley 12,277 46–64  111 August 6 Reds 2–3 Carrasco **Beck** (0–6) Brantley 12,434 46–65  112 August 7 Reds 9–2 **Gardner** (10–4) Jarvis  15,829 47–65  113 August 8 @ Cardinals 5–3 (10) **Poole** (1–0) Honeycutt **Beck** (22) 34,844 48–65  114 August 9 @ Cardinals 8–6 **Fernandez** (5–12) Morgan **Beck** (23) 30,118 49–65  115 August 10 @ Cardinals 1–7 Benes **VanLandingham** (6–13)  49,344 49–66  116 August 11 @ Cardinals 3–5 Osborne **Watson** (7–10) Eckersley 30,139 49–67  117 August 13 @ Pirates 12–10 **Dewey** (4–2) Plesac **Beck** (24) 11,378 50–67  118 August 14 @ Pirates 3–4 Peters **Estes** (2–3) Ericks 20,340 50–68  119 August 16 @ Phillies 6–4 **VanLandingham** (7–13) Williams **Beck** (25) 20,163 51–68  120 August 17 @ Phillies 8–4 **Watson** (8–10) Hunter **Beck** (26) 24,522 52–68  121 August 18 @ Phillies 6–7 Borland **Gardner** (10–5) Bottalico 24,480 52–69  122 August 19 Mets 5–4 **Scott** (1–0) Harnisch **Beck** (27) 11,565 53–69  123 August 20 Mets 3–7 Jones **Fernandez** (5–13) Franco 10,885 53–70  124 August 21 Mets 12–11 **Dewey** (5–2) Person **Beck** (28) 11,473 54–70  125 August 22 Expos 4–5 Fassero **Bautista** (3–2) Rojas 14,744 54–71  126 August 23 Expos 8–10 Daal **Creek** (0–2) Rojas 18,739 54–72  127 August 24 Expos 0–3 Martinez **Estes** (2–4) Rojas 22,710 54–73  128 August 25 Expos 7–2 **Fernandez** (6–13) Cormier  24,349 55–73  129 August 26 Phillies 1–0 **VanLandingham** (8–13) Schilling **Beck** (29) 8,640 56–73  130 August 27 Phillies 2–3 Williams **Bautista** (3–3) Bottalico 9,549 56–74  131 August 28 Phillies 7–6 **Dewey** (6–2) Jordan **Beck** (30) 16,223 57–74  132 August 30 @ Mets 6–4 **Estes** (3–4) Harnisch **Beck** (31) 17,581 58–74  133 August 31 @ Mets 2–7 Person **Scott** (1–1) Henry 23,636 58–75 |
| September: 10–19 (Home: 6–9; Away: 4–10)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Attendance Record  134 September 1 @ Mets 5–6 (10) Franco **Beck** (0–7)  40,643 58–76  135 September 2 @ Expos 3–4 (11) Manuel **Beck** (0–8)  26,689 58–77  136 September 3 @ Expos 2–9 Martinez **Gardner** (10–6)  20,168 58–78  137 September 4 @ Expos 0–6 Paniagua **Estes** (3–5)  20,317 58–79  138 September 6 @ Reds 2–0 **Fernandez** (7–13) Smiley **Beck** (32)  59–79  139 September 6 @ Reds 1–14 Morgan **Bourgeois** (1–3)  23,091 59–80  140 September 7 @ Reds 5–7 Salkeld **Scott** (1–2) Brantley 22,790 59–81  141 September 8 @ Reds 3–8 Shaw **Bautista** (3–4)  20,838 59–82  142 September 9 Cardinals 2–6 Benes **Gardner** (10–7)  10,307 59–83  143 September 10 Cardinals 0–1 Petkovsek **Rueter** (0–1) Eckersley 8,770 59–84  144 September 11 Cardinals 4–2 **Scott** (2–2) Benes **Beck** (33) 9,673 60–84  145 September 12 Pirates 4–10 Schmidt **Dewey** (6–3) Boever 8,214 60–85  146 September 13 Pirates 0–9 Loaiza **VanLandingham** (8–14)  9,888 60–86  147 September 14 Pirates 5–7 (12) Ericks **Hook** (0–1) Boever 15,685 60–87  148 September 15 Pirates 1–4 Lieber **Rueter** (0–2) Ruebel  60–88  149 September 15 Pirates 9–11 (10) Wilkins **Poole** (1–1)  21,998 60–89  150 September 16 Padres 1–2 (11) Hoffman **Beck** (0–9)  8,853 60–90  151 September 17 Padres 9–7 **Poole** (2–1) Veras **Beck** (34) 12,737 61–90  152 September 18 Padres 5–8 Bochtler **DeLucia** (3–5) Hoffman 11,996 61–91  153 September 19 Rockies 11–4 **VanLandingham** (9–14) Ritz  10,994 62–91  154 September 20 Rockies 6–2 **Gardner** (11–7) Thompson  15,734 63–91  155 September 21 Rockies 6–2 **Rueter** (1–2) Wright  30,002 64–91  156 September 22 Rockies 7–3 **Soderstrom** (1–0) Nied  30,826 65–91  157 September 24 @ Dodgers 2–6 Martinez **Watson** (8–11)  37,448 65–92  158 September 25 @ Dodgers 5–7 Radinsky **DeLucia** (3–6) Worrell 42,405 65–93  159 September 26 @ Dodgers 6–1 **Gardner** (12–7) Candiotti  38,893 66–93  160 September 27 @ Rockies 9–3 **Soderstrom** (2–0) Nied  48,009 67–93  161 September 28 @ Rockies 8–5 **Carlson** (1–0) Burke **Beck** (35) 48,042 68–93  162 September 29 @ Rockies 3–12 Ritz **Watson** (8–12)  48,162 68–94 |
| *Legend:        = Win        = Loss
Bold = Giants team member* |

### Detailed records

### Notable transactions

### Lou Seal

**Lou Seal** is the official mascot of the San Francisco Giants. "Born" on July 25, 1996, Luigi Francisco Seal has been a regular part of the Giants baseball home games and events around San Francisco, and the United States. The name is a play on the name "Lucille." Todd Schwenk, an Oakland Athletics Fan, named the mascot in a KNBR Sports Radio phone-in contest. Schwenk named Lou for the Seals always hanging out on the wharfs at Fisherman's Wharf. It also refers to the San Francisco Seals, the baseball club which was a mainstay of the Pacific Coast League from 1903 until 1957.

### Roster

| 1996 San Francisco Giants | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Roster** | | | | | | | | | |
| **Pitchers** |  | **Catchers** **Infielders** |  | **Outfielders** |  | **Manager** **Coaches** |
|

## Player stats

|  | = Indicates team leader |
| --- | --- |

### Batting

#### Starters by position

*Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Pos | Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| C | Tom Lampkin | 66 | 177 | 41 | .232 | 6 | 29 |
| 1B | Mark Carreon | 81 | 292 | 76 | .260 | 9 | 51 |
| 2B | Steve Scarsone | 105 | 283 | 62 | .219 | 5 | 23 |
| 3B | Matt Williams | 105 | 404 | 122 | .302 | 22 | 85 |
| SS | Rich Aurilia | 105 | 318 | 76 | .239 | 3 | 26 |
| LF | Barry Bonds | 158 | 517 | 159 | .308 | 42 | 129 |
| CF | Marvin Benard | 135 | 488 | 121 | .248 | 5 | 27 |
| RF | Glenallen Hill | 98 | 379 | 106 | .280 | 19 | 67 |

#### Other batters

*Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Shawon Dunston | 82 | 287 | 86 | .300 | 5 | 25 |
| Stan Javier | 71 | 274 | 74 | .270 | 2 | 22 |
| Robby Thompson | 63 | 227 | 48 | .211 | 5 | 21 |
| Bill Mueller | 55 | 200 | 66 | .330 | 0 | 19 |
| Dave McCarty | 91 | 175 | 38 | .217 | 6 | 24 |
| Rick Wilkins | 52 | 157 | 46 | .293 | 8 | 36 |
| Kirt Manwaring | 49 | 145 | 34 | .234 | 1 | 14 |
| Kim Batiste | 54 | 130 | 27 | .208 | 3 | 11 |
| Steve Decker | 57 | 122 | 28 | .230 | 1 | 12 |
| Jay Canizaro | 43 | 120 | 24 | .200 | 2 | 8 |
| Desi Wilson | 41 | 118 | 32 | .271 | 2 | 12 |
| Jacob Cruz | 33 | 77 | 18 | .234 | 3 | 10 |
| Dan Peltier | 31 | 59 | 15 | .254 | 0 | 9 |
| Dax Jones | 34 | 58 | 10 | .172 | 1 | 7 |
| Trent Hubbard | 10 | 29 | 6 | .207 | 1 | 2 |
| Mel Hall | 25 | 25 | 3 | .120 | 0 | 5 |
| J.R. Phillips | 15 | 25 | 5 | .200 | 2 | 5 |
| Wilson Delgado | 6 | 22 | 8 | .364 | 0 | 2 |
| Keith Williams | 9 | 20 | 5 | .250 | 0 | 0 |
| Marcus Jensen | 9 | 19 | 4 | .211 | 0 | 4 |
| Doug Mirabelli | 9 | 18 | 4 | .222 | 0 | 1 |

### Pitching

#### Starting pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Allen Watson | 29 | 185.2 | 8 | 12 | 4.61 | 128 |
| William Van Landingham | 32 | 181.2 | 9 | 14 | 5.40 | 97 |
| Mark Gardner | 30 | 179.1 | 12 | 7 | 4.42 | 145 |
| Osvaldo Fernández | 30 | 171.2 | 7 | 13 | 4.61 | 106 |
| Mark Leiter | 23 | 135.1 | 4 | 10 | 5.19 | 118 |
| Shawn Estes | 11 | 70.0 | 3 | 5 | 3.60 | 60 |
| Kirk Rueter | 4 | 23.1 | 1 | 2 | 1.93 | 16 |
| Steve Soderstrom | 3 | 13.2 | 2 | 0 | 5.27 | 9 |

#### Other pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Steve Bourgeois | 15 | 40.0 | 1 | 3 | 6.30 | 17 |

#### Relief pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | W | L | SV | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Rod Beck | 63 | 0 | 9 | 35 | 3.34 | 48 |
| Mark Dewey | 78 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 4.21 | 57 |
| Doug Creek | 63 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6.52 | 38 |
| Rich DeLucia | 56 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 5.84 | 55 |
| José Bautista | 37 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 3.36 | 28 |
| Jeff Juden | 36 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4.10 | 35 |
| Jim Poole | 35 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2.66 | 19 |
| Tim Scott | 20 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 8.24 | 10 |
| Chris Hook | 10 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7.43 | 4 |
| Shawn Barton | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9.72 | 3 |
| Dan Carlson | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2.70 | 4 |

## Awards and honors

**All-Star Game**

## Farm system

| Level | Team | League | Manager |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| AAA | Phoenix Firebirds | Pacific Coast League | Ron Wotus |
| AA | Shreveport Captains | Texas League | Frank Cacciatore |
|  | San Jose Giants | California League | Carlos Lezcano |
|  | Burlington Bees | Midwest League | Glenn Tufts |
| A-Short Season | Bellingham Giants | Northwest League | Ozzie Virgil, Sr., and Shane Turner |

## InfoBox

| 1996 San Francisco Giants | |
| --- | --- |
| League | National League |
| Division | West |
| Ballpark | 3Com Park at Candlestick Point |
| City | San Francisco |
| Owners | Peter Magowan |
| General managers | Bob Quinn |
| Managers | Dusty Baker |
| Television | KTVU
(Ted Robinson, Mike Krukow, Lon Simmons)
SportsChannel Pacific
(Mike Krukow, Duane Kuiper, Lon Simmons) |
| Radio | KNBR
(Ted Robinson, Hank Greenwald, Mike Krukow, Duane Kuiper)
SP Radio
(Julio Gonzalez,Rene De La Rosa, Amaury Pi-Gonzalez) |
|  | |


title: Francis Y. Kalabat

abstract: Francis Yohana Kalabat is a Catholic prelate who serves as Eparch of Saint Thomas the Apostle of Detroit in the Chaldean Catholic Church.

text:
# Francis Y. Kalabat

| Styles of
**Francis Yohana Kalabat** | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Reference style |  |
| Spoken style | His Grace |
| Religious style | Eparch |

**Francis Yohana Kalabat** (born May 13, 1970) is a Catholic prelate who serves as Eparch of Saint Thomas the Apostle of Detroit in the Chaldean Catholic Church.

## Life

He began undergraduate (philosophy) studies at the University of San Diego's Saint Francis de Sales Center for Priestly Formation, in San Diego County, California. Subsequently, he began the requisite graduate theological training for the Chaldean Catholic priesthood at Sacred Heart Major Seminary, in Detroit, Michigan. Ordained a priest on July 5, 1995, he was appointed Parochial Vicar (Associate Pastor) of Mother of God Church in Southfield, Michigan, the city where the Eparchy has its cathedral. Since 2001, Eparch Kalabat has been Pastor of Saint Thomas Church in West Bloomfield, Director of Vocations for the Eparchy, and has been involved with the Center for Re-Evangelization. He speaks Arabic, English and Aramaic, and also knows Spanish. He received his episcopal ordination, and was installed as Eparch on June 14, 2014.

On August 9, 2017, Pope Francis named Kalabat as administrator of Eparchy of Addai of Toronto.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| His Grace, The Most Reverend
Francis Yohana Kalabat | |
| --- | --- |
| Eparch of Saint Thomas the Apostle of Detroit | |
| Ordination of Bishop Francis Y. Kalabat (June 14, 2014) | |
| Church | Chaldean Catholic Church |
| Diocese | Chaldean Catholic Eparchy of Saint Thomas the Apostle of Detroit |
| Appointed | May 5, 2014 |
| Installed | June 14, 2014 |
| Predecessor | Ibrahim Namo Ibrahim |
| Other post(s) | Apostolic Administrator Chaldean Catholic Eparchy of Mar Addai of Toronto |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | July 5, 1995
by Ibrahim Namo Ibrahim |
| Consecration | June 14, 2014
by Louis Raphaël I Sako, Allen Henry Vigneron and Ibrahim Namo Ibrahim |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Frank Kalabat
(1970-05-13) May 13, 1970
Kuwait City, Kuwait |
| Denomination | Chaldean Catholic |
| Motto | Blessed be the name of Jesus, both now and forever. Amen. |


title: Francis Yao Asare

abstract: Francis Yao Asare was a Ghanaian pharmacist and politician. He served on various ministerial portfolios and served as a member of parliament for the Buem constituency during the first republic.

text:
# Francis Yao Asare

**Francis Yao Asare** was a Ghanaian pharmacist and politician. He served on various ministerial portfolios and served as a member of parliament for the Buem constituency during the first republic.

## Early life and education

Francis was born in Baroda in Southern Togoland. He was educated at Presbyterian School in Anum Mfantsipim School in Cape Coast.

## Career and politics

He trained as a druggist at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital and worked as a pharmacist for the Ghana Civil Service from 1940 to 1947. He served on Buem Krachi Native Authority, Southern Togoland Council and was elected to the Legislative Assembly representing Buem in 1951. That same year, he was appointed Ministerial Secretary (deputy minister) for the Ministry of Housing. He was later appointed Minister of Labour, Co-operatives and Social Welfare and acting Minister for Communications. In 1957 he was appointed Minister for Food and Agriculture. He worked in that capacity until June 1960. On 1 July 1960 he was appointed Commissioner (Regional Minister) for the Volta Region. He served in this capacity until 1961. He later became Chairman of the National Food and Nutrition Board. He was re-elected to represent the Buem constituency in subsequent years until 1965 when he was sentenced to twenty-one years imprisonment on charges of the defrauding the government an amount of over £1 million. After the overthrow of the Nkrumah government Francis went into fishing and was made president of the National Inshore Boat Owners Association.

## Death

Francis died on 7 January 2004 at the age of 88. He was buried in his hometown; Buem.

## InfoBox

| Francis Yao Asare | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Volta Regional Minister | |
| **In office**
1 July 1960  1961 | |
| President | Dr. Kwame Nkrumah |
| Preceded by | Ferdinand Koblavi Dra Goka |
| Succeeded by | Hans Kofi Boni |
| Minister for Food and Agriculture | |
| **In office**
1957–1960 | |
| President | Dr. Kwame Nkrumah |
| Preceded by | Kojo Botsio |
| Succeeded by | Boahene Yeboah-Afari |
| Minister of Labour, Co-operatives and Social Welfare | |
| **In office**
1957–1957 | |
| Member of Parliament for Buem | |
| **In office**
1951–1965 | |
| President | Kwame Nkrumah |
| Preceded by | Eric Kwame Heymann |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Francis Yao Asare
1915?
Borada, Southern Togoland |
| Died | 7 January 2004 |
| Citizenship | Ghanaian |
| Alma mater | Mfantsipim School |
|  | |


title: Romario Martin

abstract: Romario Tyrese Martin is a Kittian and Nevisian professional footballer who currently plays for Southern League Premier Division Central side Redditch United, where he plays as a forward.

text:
# Romario Martin

**Romario Tyrese Martin** (born 30 August 1999) is a Kittian and Nevisian professional footballer who currently plays for Southern League Premier Division Central side Redditch United, where he plays as a forward.

## Club career

Born in Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Martin grew up in Birmingham, West Midlands and started his career in the youth team at Walsall. He later joined Midland Football League side Continental Star before he signed for the Academy at Solihull Moors in the summer of 2016. In October 2016, he joined Northern Premier League Premier Division side Barwell on loan. Whilst still part of the Solihull Moors Academy he spent two weeks on trial at EFL League Two side Grimsby Town in early 2017. On 17 March 2017 he joined Midland Football League side Highgate United on loan until the end of the season.

On 28 October 2017 he made his first team debut for Solihull in the National League replacing Akwasi Asante as a late substitute in the 4–0 defeat to AFC Fylde. He made a further three appearances for the first team before he signed for Northern Premier League Division One South side Romulus on loan.

Martin signed for Southern League Premier Central side Nuneaton Borough on 7 June 2019. Romario departed Nuneaton Borough on 29 August 2019, joining Southern League Division One Central side Coleshill Town.

On 14 September 2019, Martin left Coleshill Town and returned to the Southern League Premier Central, signed for Redditch United, who had spent some time on trial with earlier in the season. Martin scored his first and second goals for Redditch United in a 3-2 victory over Nuneaton Borough on 22 February 2020, following on from a 30 game losing streak.

## International career

Martin received his first call-up to Saint Kitts and Nevis in February 2017 to the under-20 side for qualification matches for the 2017 FIFA U-20 World Cup. He made three appearances as the side were eliminated in the group stages scoring once in the 4–1 defeat to the United States.

## Career statistics

### Club

*As of match played 13 January 2018*

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | FA Cup | | League Cup | | Other | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Solihull Moors | 2017–18 | National League | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Career total | | | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 |

### International

*As of match played 2 December 2017*

Appearances and goals by national team and year
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 2017 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | | 1 | 1 |

1. "List of Players under Written Contract Registered Between 01/10/2017 and 31/10/2017" (PDF). The Football Association. p. 3. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
2. "Romario Martin". *National Football Teams*. Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
3. "R. Martin Summary". *Soccerway*. Perform Group. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
4. Cassidy, Joel (2 February 2017). "MOORS YOUNGSTER RECEIVES INTERNATIONAL CALL-UP". Solihull Moors Vital Football. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
5. Brown, Shirley (7 October 2016). "Romario has joined Barwell". Barwell F.C. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
6. Cassidy, Joel (17 March 2017). "YOUNG DUO JOIN HIGHGATE ON LOAN". Solihull Moors Vital Football. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
7. "Romulus Borrow International Striker". Non League Pitchero. 19 March 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
8. "SQUAD NEWS: Ginnelly Adds Romario Martin to Boro' Ranks". Pitchero. 7 June 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
9. "SQUAD NEWS: Romario Martin Departs". Pitchero. 29 August 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
10. "NEW SIGNINGS". Twitter. 14 September 2019. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
11. "Redditch United 3-2 Nuneaton Borough". Redditch United. 22 February 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2020.

## InfoBox

Romario Martin
| Martin in February 2020 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Romario Tyrese Martin | | |
| Date of birth | (1999-08-30) 30 August 1999 | | |
| Place of birth | Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis | | |
| Height | 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Redditch United | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Walsall | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2015–2016 | Continental Star |  |  |
| 2016–2018 | Solihull Moors | 2 | (0) |
| 2016–2017 | Barwell (loan) |  |  |
| 2017 | Highgate United (loan) |  |  |
| 2018 | Romulus (loan) |  |  |
| 2018 | Hednesford Town |  |  |
| 2018 | Rugby Town |  |  |
| 2019 | Nuneaton Borough |  |  |
| 2019 | Coleshill Town | 1 | (0) |
| 2019– | Redditch United | 12 | (2) |
| 2019 | Romulus (dual) |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 2017– | Saint Kitts and Nevis U20 | 3 | (1) |
| 2017– | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1 | (1) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 20:00, 24 February 2020 (UTC)<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 20:00, 24 February 2020 (UTC) | | | |


title: 1996 Trophée Lalique

abstract: The 1996 Trophée Lalique was the third event of six in the 1996–97 ISU Champions Series, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Palais omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris on 15–17 November. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 1996–97 Champions Series Final. The compulsory dance was the Golden Waltz and the original dance was the Tango.

text:
# 1996 Trophée Lalique

The **1996 Trophée Lalique** was the third event of six in the 1996–97 ISU Champions Series, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Palais omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris on 15–17 November. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 1996–97 Champions Series Final. The compulsory dance was the Golden Waltz and the original dance was the Tango.

## Results

### Men

| Rank | Name | Nation | TFP | SP | FS |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1** | Todd Eldredge | United States | 1.5 | 1 | 1 |
| **2** | Viacheslav Zagorodniuk | Ukraine | 3.0 | 2 | 2 |
| **3** | Michael Weiss | United States | 4.5 | 3 | 3 |
| 4 | Thierry Cerez | France | 6.5 | 5 | 4 |
| 5 | Éric Millot | France | 7.0 | 4 | 5 |
| 6 | Laurent Tobel | France | 9.5 | 7 | 6 |
| 7 | Gilberto Viadana | Italy | 11.0 | 6 | 8 |
| 8 | Makoto Okazaki | Japan | 12.0 | 10 | 7 |
| 9 | Jens ter Laak | Germany | 13.5 | 9 | 9 |
| 10 | Patrick Schmit | Luxembourg | 14.0 | 8 | 10 |
| WD | Elvis Stojko | Canada |  |  |  |

### Ladies

| Rank | Name | Nation | TFP | SP | FS |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1** | Michelle Kwan | United States | 1.5 | 1 | 1 |
| **2** | Maria Butyrskaya | Russia | 3.0 | 2 | 2 |
| **3** | Tara Lipinski | United States | 4.5 | 3 | 3 |
| 4 | Vanessa Gusmeroli | France | 6.0 | 4 | 4 |
| 5 | Krisztina Czakó | Hungary | 7.5 | 5 | 5 |
| 6 | Andrea Diewald | Germany | 10.0 | 8 | 6 |
| 7 | Karen Kwan | United States | 10.0 | 6 | 7 |
| 8 | Hanae Yokoya | Japan | 11.5 | 7 | 8 |
| 9 | Marta Andrade | Spain | 14.5 | 11 | 9 |
| 10 | Tony Sabrina Bombardieri | Italy | 14.5 | 9 | 10 |
| 11 | Cathy Belanger | Canada | 16.0 | 10 | 11 |

### Pairs

| Rank | Name | Nation | TFP | SP | FS |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1** | Oksana Kazakova / Artur Dmitriev | Russia | 2.5 | 3 | 1 |
| **2** | Jenni Meno / Todd Sand | United States | 2.5 | 1 | 2 |
| **3** | Elena Berezhnaya / Anton Sikharulidze | Russia | 4.0 | 2 | 3 |
| 4 | Sarah Abitbol / Stéphanie Bernadis | France | 6.0 | 4 | 4 |
| 5 | Xue Shen / Hongbo Zhao | China | 7.5 | 5 | 5 |
| 6 | Stephanie Stiegler / John Zimmerman | United States | 9.0 | 6 | 6 |
| 7 | Danielle Carr / Stephen Carr | Australia | 10.5 | 7 | 7 |
| 8 | Elaine Asanakis / Joel McKeever | Greece | 13.0 | 10 | 8 |
| 9 | Marie-Claude Savard-Gagnon / Luc Bradet | Canada | 13.5 | 9 | 9 |
| 10 | Sophie Guestault / Francois Guestault | France | 14.0 | 8 | 10 |

### Ice dancing

| Rank | Name | Nation | TFP | CD | OD | FD |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1** | Marina Anissina / Gwendal Peizerat | France | 2.0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| **2** | Elizabeth Punsalan / Jerod Swallow | United States | 4.4 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| **3** | Irina Romanova / Igor Yaroshenko | Ukraine | 5.6 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| 4 | Diane Gerencser / Pasquale Camerlengo | Italy | 8.0 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| 5 | Kati Winkler / René Lohse | Germany | 10.0 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| 6 | Kateřina Mrázová / Martin Šimeček | Czech Republic | 12.4 | 7 | 6 | 6 |
| 7 | Isabelle Delobel / Oliver Schoenfelder | France | 13.6 | 6 | 7 | 7 |
| 8 | Chantal Lefebvre / Michel Brunet | Canada | 16.0 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| 9 | Dominique Deniaud / Martial Jaffredo | France | 18.6 | 9 | 10 | 9 |
| 10 | Megan Wing / Aaron Lowe | Canada | 20.2 | 12 | 9 | 10 |
| 11 | Kate Robinson / Peter Breen | United States | 21.6 | 10 | 11 | 11 |
| 12 | Aya Kawai / Hiroshi Tanaka | Japan | 23.6 | 11 | 12 | 12 |

## InfoBox

| 1996 Trophée Lalique | |
| --- | --- |
| Type: | Champions Series |
| Date: | 15 – 17 November |
| Season: | 1996–97 |
| Location: | Paris |
| Host: | Federation Française des Sports de Glace |
| Venue: | Palais omnisports de Paris-Bercy |
| Champions | |
| Men's singles:
Todd Eldredge | |
| Ladies' singles:
Michelle Kwan | |
| Pairs:
Oksana Kazakova / Artur Dmitriev | |
| Ice dance:
Marina Anissina / Gwendal Peizerat | |
|  | |
| Previous:
1995 Trophée de France | |
| Next:
1997 Trophée Lalique | |


title: 1994 Sacramento Gold Miners season

abstract: The 1994 Sacramento Gold Miners season was the second for the team in the Canadian Football League. The team finished in fifth place in the West Division with a 9–8–1 record and failed to make the playoffs.

text:
# 1994 Sacramento Gold Miners season

The **1994 Sacramento Gold Miners** season was the second for the team in the Canadian Football League. The team finished in fifth place in the West Division with a 9–8–1 record and failed to make the playoffs.

## Preseason

| Game | Date | Opponent | Results | | Venue | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Score | Record | | |
| A | Sat, June 18 | vs. Calgary Stampeders | L 24–39 | 0–1 | Hornet Stadium | 13,650 |
| B | Wed, June 29 | at Saskatchewan Roughriders | L 4–19 | 0–2 | Taylor Field | 26,850 |

## Regular season

### Standings

|  | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | GP | W | L | T | Pts | PF | PA | Div | Stk |  |
| **Calgary Stampeders** | 18 | 15 | 3 | 0 | 30 | 698 | 355 | 8–2 | W3 | *Details* |
| **Edmonton Eskimos** | 18 | 13 | 5 | 0 | 26 | 518 | 401 | 7–3 | W2 | *Details* |
| **BC Lions** | 18 | 11 | 6 | 1 | 23 | 604 | 456 | 5–4–1 | L1 | *Details* |
| **Saskatchewan Roughriders** | 18 | 11 | 7 | 0 | 22 | 512 | 454 | 4–6 | W4 | *Details* |
| Sacramento Gold Miners | 18 | 9 | 8 | 1 | 19 | 436 | 436 | 3–6–1 | W1 | *Details* |
| Las Vegas Posse | 18 | 5 | 13 | 0 | 10 | 447 | 622 | 2–8 | L6 | *Details* |

### Regular season

| Week | Game | Date | Opponent | Results | | Venue | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Score | Record | | |
| 1 | 1 | Fri, July 8 | vs. Las Vegas Posse | L 26–32 | 0–1 | Hornet Stadium | 14,816 |
| 2 | 2 | Thu, July 14 | at Hamilton Tiger-Cats | W 25–22 | 1–1 | Ivor Wynne Stadium | 19,291 |
| 3 | 3 | Sat, July 23 | at Las Vegas Posse | W 22–20 | 2–1 | Sam Boyd Stadium | 10,740 |
| 4 | 4 | Sat, July 30 | vs. Saskatchewan Roughriders | W 30–27 | 3–1 | Hornet Stadium | 14,828 |
| 5 | 5 | Thu, Aug 4 | vs. BC Lions | L 10–46 | 3–2 | Hornet Stadium | 18,459 |
| 6 | 6 | Wed, Aug 10 | at Calgary Stampeders | L 11–25 | 3–3 | McMahon Stadium | 21,110 |
| 7 | 7 | Thu, Aug 18 | vs. Edmonton Eskimos | L 15–44 | 3–4 | Hornet Stadium | 13,959 |
| 8 | 8 | Wed, Aug 24 | at Winnipeg Blue Bombers | L 28–31 | 3–5 | Winnipeg Stadium | 21,804 |
| 9 | 9 | Fri, Sept 2 | vs. BC Lions | T 15–15 | 3–5–1 | Hornet Stadium | 12,633 |
| 10 | 10 | Sat, Sept 10 | at Baltimore CFLers | W 30–29 | 4–5–1 | Memorial Stadium | 42,116 |
| 11 | 11 | Sat, Sept 17 | vs. Shreveport Pirates | W 56–3 | 5–5–1 | Hornet Stadium | 13,741 |
| 12 | 12 | Sat, Sept 24 | vs. Calgary Stampeders | L 25–39 | 5–6–1 | Hornet Stadium | 17,192 |
| 13 | 13 | Fri, Sept 30 | at Saskatchewan Roughriders | W 19–16 | 6–6–1 | Taylor Field | 23,669 |
| 14 | 14 | Sat, Oct 8 | vs. Toronto Argonauts | W 34–32 | 7–6–1 | Hornet Stadium | 13,050 |
| 15 | 15 | Sun, Oct 16 | at Shreveport Pirates | L 12–24 | 7–7–1 | Independence Stadium | 12,465 |
| 16 | 16 | Sat, Oct 22 | vs. Ottawa Rough Riders | W 44–9 | 8–7–1 | Hornet Stadium | 13,760 |
| 17 | 17 | Sat, Oct 29 | at Edmonton Eskimos | L 16–22 | 8–8–1 | Commonwealth Stadium | 29,332 |
| 18 | 18 | Sat, Nov 5 | vs. Baltimore CFLers | W 18–0 | 9–8–1 | Hornet Stadium | 14,056 |

## InfoBox

| 1994 Sacramento Gold Miners season | |
| --- | --- |
| Owner | Fred Anderson |
| General manager | Tom Huiskens |
| Head coach | Kay Stephenson |
| Home field | Hornet Stadium |
| Results | |
| Record | **9–8–1** |
| Division place | **5th, West** |
| Playoff finish | *Did not qualify* |
| Uniform | |
|  | |
|


title: 1994 Salem Open-Beijing

abstract: The 1994 Salem Open-Beijing was a tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Beijing in the People's Republic of China the men's event was part of the World Series of the 1994 ATP Tour, the women's event was part of the Tier IV of the 1994 WTA Tour. The men's tournament was held from October 17 to 23, 1994 while the women's was held from February 14 to 20.

text:
# 1994 Salem Open-Beijing

The **1994 Salem Open-Beijing** was a tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Beijing in the People's Republic of China the men's event was part of the World Series of the 1994 ATP Tour, the women's event was part of the Tier IV of the 1994 WTA Tour. The men's tournament was held from October 17 to 23, 1994 while the women's was held from February 14 to 20.

## Finals

### Men's singles

Michael Chang defeated  Anders Järryd, 7–5, 7–5

### Women's singles

Yayuk Basuki defeated  Kyōko Nagatsuka, 6–4, 6–2

### Men's doubles

Tommy Ho /  Kent Kinnear defeated  David Adams /  Andrei Olhovskiy, 7–6, 6–3

### Women's doubles

Chen Li-Ling /  Fang Li defeated  Kerry-Anne Guse /  Valda Lake, 6–0, 6–2

## InfoBox

| 1994 Salem Open-Beijing<br>and Nokia Open | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | October 17–23 |
| Edition | 2nd |
| Surface | Carpet / Indoor |
| Location | Beijing, China |
| Champions | |
| Men's singles | |
| Michael Chang | |
| Women's singles | |
| Yayuk Basuki | |
| Men's doubles | |
| Tommy Ho /  Kent Kinnear | |
| Women's doubles | |
| Chen Li-Ling /  Fang Li | |
|  | |


title: Katha Township

abstract: Katha Township is a township in Katha District in the Sagaing Region of Burma. The principal town is Katha. The township is served by a branch (east-west) railway line that leaves the main line just north of Indaw.

text:
# Katha Township

**Katha Township**  is a township in Katha District in the Sagaing Region of Burma. The principal town is Katha. The township is served by a branch (east-west) railway line that leaves the main line just north of Indaw.

## InfoBox

| Katha Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Location in Katha district | |
| Location in Sagaing region | |
| Katha TownshipLocation in Burma | |
| Coordinates: 24°13′N 96°08′E / 24.217°N 96.133°E / 24.217; 96.133 | |
| Country | Burma |
| Region | Sagaing Region |
| District | Katha District |
| Capital | Katha |
| Time zone | UTC+6.30 (MST) |


title: Richmond Beetham

abstract: Richmond Beetham (1832–1912) was a British-born painter and magistrate. He spent most of his life living in New Zealand.

text:
# Richmond Beetham

**Richmond Beetham** (1832–1912) was a British-born painter and magistrate. He spent most of his life living in New Zealand.

## Early life

Richmond Beetham was born in 1832 in Horncastle, England. He was the eldest son of Mary Beetham (née Brosley) and the portrait painter William Beetham. He attended the Elizabethan Foundation School. In the mid-1850s, he moved to Victoria, before moving to Wellington, New Zealand in 1859, where his parents had also moved.

## Life in New Zealand

In 1862, he attained his first job as a public servant, working as a Receiver of Land Revenue in the Otago goldfields. In 1863 he married Lucelle Frances Swainson, the daughter of naturalist and artist William John Swainson. That same year, he was appointed as a stipendiary magistrate in Queenstown, and later Napier and Timaru. Eventually, he was moved to Christchurch in 1881, where he continued to work until his retirement in May 1903.

## Artist

Like his father, Beetham was a painter. Throughout the 1880s and 1890s, he exhibited his works in New Zealand and abroad – including at the 1886 Colonial and Indian Exhibition in London, and the 1889–90 New Zealand and South Seas Exhibition in Dunedin. He also exhibited his works at the Canterbury Society of Arts from 1881 to 1893, where he also served on the committee and as President.

## Later life

Beetham later moved to Masterton, where he died in 1912.

## Art works

## InfoBox

| Richmond Beetham | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1832
Horncastle, England |
| Died | 1912(1912-00-00) (aged 79–80)
Masterton, New Zealand |
| Known for | Oil paintings |
| Spouses | *   Lucelle Frances Swainson  (m. 1863; died 1910) *   Helen Hampton (m. 19101912) |


title: Between the Hills

abstract: Between the Hills is a small valley in northwest Loudoun County, Virginia, distinct from, but associated with, the greater Loudoun Valley.

text:
# Between the Hills

**Between the Hills** is a small valley in northwest Loudoun County, Virginia, distinct from, but associated with, the greater Loudoun Valley.

## Geography

The Between the Hills valley encompasses the area of Loudoun that lies west of Short Hill Mountain and east of the Blue Ridge Mountain. The area includes the communities of Neersville and Loudoun Heights.

Between the Hills can be divided into two sections; the upper and lower valley. The upper valley encompasses the area north of the Hillsboro Gap in the Short Hill, while the lower valley encompasses the area south of the gap. The valley ranges from 2.5 miles (4.0 km) wide at its largest, just south of the Hillsboro gap to 1.4 miles (2.3 km) wide at its smallest, east of Purcell Knob in the upper valley and is approximately 11 miles (18 km) long.

The main waterways of Between the Hills are the North Fork of Catoctin Creek, which drains the lower valley before flowing through the Hillsboro gap into the Catoctin Valley, and Piney Run, which drains the upper valley and flows north through the valley directly into the Potomac River.

Across the Potomac River, the valley continues as Pleasant Valley in Maryland.

### Transportation

State Route 671, Harpers Ferry Road, is the main road in the valley, running north–south through the upper valley from its southern terminus at Virginia State Route 9, Charles Town Pike, west of Hillsboro, to its northern terminus at U.S. Route 340, south of the Sandy Hook bridge over the Potomac River and east of Harpers Ferry. State Route 719, Stony Point-Woodgrove road runs north–south through the lower valley from Hillsboro to Woodgrove. The Charlestown pike bisects the valley, running southeast–northwest from the Hillsboro Gap to Keyes Gap in the Blue Ridge.

## Geology

The Between the Hills Valley was formed by action along the Short Hill fault during the early Paleozoic era, which resulted in separation of the underlying rocks of the Blue Ridge and Short Hill mountains, which were deposited during the Catoctin Formation of the late Proterozoic period and uplifted during the Grenville Orogeny. Reactivation of the fault during the Alleghenian Orogeny caused further separation of underlying rock deposited during the middle and late Paleozoic era.

## History

During the American Civil War, a Between the Hills resident, John Mobberly, gained notoriety as a Confederate guerrilla. During the last two years of the war, he successfully disputed control of the area through his daring exploits, until his assassination outside of Neersville in April 1865. In late November-early December 1864 much of the Between the Hills valley was put to the torch by Union cavalry during The Burning Raid, including Potts Mill, the ruins of which can be seen from off Stony Point Road. Confederate partisan John Mosby and his Rangers suffered their first defeat in the valley and along the eastern slopes of the Blue Ridge in the Battle of Loudoun Heights, fought on January 1, 1864.

Scheel, Eugene M. *Loudoun Discovered: Communities, Corners and Crossroads, Vol V. Waterford, The German Settlement and Between the Hills.* The Friends of the Thomas Balch Library; Leesburg, Virginia 2002.

## InfoBox

| Between the Hills | |
| --- | --- |
| Between the HillsLocation of the valley in VirginiaBetween the HillsBetween the Hills (Virginia)Between the HillsBetween the Hills (the United States) | |
| Floor elevation | 500 ft (150 m) |
| Length | 11 miles (18 km) North-South |
| Width | 2 miles (3.2 km) |
| Geography | |
| Location | Loudoun County, Virginia |
| Population centers | Neersville |
| Borders on | Short Hill Mountain (east)
Blue Ridge Mountain (west)
Potomac River (north)
South Fork Catoctin Creek (south) |
| Coordinates | 39°15′N 77°44′W / 39.250°N 77.733°W / 39.250; -77.733 |
| Topo map | USGS, Round Hill |
| Traversed by | Virginia Route 9 |


title: Bert Sutherland

abstract: William Robert Sutherland was an American computer scientist who was the longtime manager of three prominent research laboratories, including Sun Microsystems Laboratories (1992–1998), the Systems Science Laboratory at Xerox PARC (1975–1981), and the Computer Science Division of Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Inc. which helped develop the ARPANET. In these roles, Sutherland participated in the creation of the personal computer, the technology of advanced microprocessors, the Smalltalk programming language, the Java programming language and the Internet. Unlike traditional corporate research managers, Sutherland added individuals from fields like psychology, cognitive science, and anthropology to enhance the work of his technology staff. He also directed his scientists to take their research, like the Xerox Alto "personal" computer, outside of the laboratory to allow people to use it in a corporate setting and to observe their interaction with it. In addition, Sutherland fostered a collaboration between the researchers at California Institute of Technology developing techniques of very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) — his brother Ivan and Carver Mead — and Lynn Conway of his PARC staff. With PARC resources made available by Sutherland, Mead and Conway developed a textbook and university syllabus that helped expedite the development and distribution of a technology whose effect is now immeasurable. Sutherland said that a research lab is primarily a teaching institution, "teaching whatever is new so that the new can become familiar, old, and used widely." Sutherland was born in Hastings, Nebraska, on May 10, 1936, to a father from New Zealand; his mother was from Scotland. The family moved to Wilmette, Illinois, then Scarsdale, New York, for his father's career. Bert Sutherland graduated from Scarsdale High School, then received his bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), and his master's degree and Ph.D. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); his thesis advisor was Claude Shannon. During his military service in the United States Navy, he was awarded the Legion of Merit as a Carrier ASW plane commander. He was the older brother of Ivan Sutherland. Sutherland died on February 18, 2020, aged 83.

text:
# Bert Sutherland

**William Robert Sutherland** (May 10, 1936 – February 18, 2020) was an American computer scientist who was the longtime manager of three prominent research laboratories, including Sun Microsystems Laboratories (1992–1998), the Systems Science Laboratory at Xerox PARC (1975–1981), and the Computer Science Division of Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Inc. which helped develop the ARPANET.

In these roles, Sutherland participated in the creation of the personal computer, the technology of advanced microprocessors, the Smalltalk programming language, the Java programming language and the Internet.

Unlike traditional corporate research managers, Sutherland added individuals from fields like psychology, cognitive science, and anthropology to enhance the work of his technology staff. He also directed his scientists to take their research, like the Xerox Alto "personal" computer, outside of the laboratory to allow people to use it in a corporate setting and to observe their interaction with it.

In addition, Sutherland fostered a collaboration between the researchers at California Institute of Technology developing techniques of very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) his brother Ivan and Carver Mead — and Lynn Conway of his PARC staff. With PARC resources made available by Sutherland, Mead and Conway developed a textbook and university syllabus that helped expedite the development and distribution of a technology whose effect is now immeasurable.

Sutherland said that a research lab is primarily a teaching institution, "teaching whatever is new so that the new can become familiar, old, and used widely."

Sutherland was born in Hastings, Nebraska, on May 10, 1936, to a father from New Zealand; his mother was from Scotland. The family moved to Wilmette, Illinois, then Scarsdale, New York, for his father's career. Bert Sutherland graduated from Scarsdale High School, then received his bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), and his master's degree and Ph.D. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); his thesis advisor was Claude Shannon. During his military service in the United States Navy, he was awarded the Legion of Merit as a Carrier ASW plane commander. He was the older brother of Ivan Sutherland. Sutherland died on February 18, 2020, aged 83.

## InfoBox

| Bert Sutherland | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | William Robert Sutherland
(1936-05-10)May 10, 1936
Hastings, Nebraska, United States |
| Died | February 18, 2020(2020-02-18) (aged 83)
Mountain View, California, U.S. |
| Alma mater |  |
| Known for | Computer Research Management,
Computer Graphics |
| Awards | Legion of Merit |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields |  |
| Institutions |  |
| Doctoral advisor | Claude Shannon |
|  | |


title: El Dorado Gold Mine

abstract: The El Dorado Gold Mine is a gold mine and tourist attraction at the unincorporated community of Fox, near Fairbanks, Alaska. Founded in the early 1900s, the El Dorado mine underwent a gradual transformation in the latter half of the 20th century into an informational mine and tour destination. The El Dorado Gold Mine is owned by Alaska Riverways, Inc., and is located 10 miles north of Fairbanks on the Elliot Highway.

text:
# El Dorado Gold Mine

The **El Dorado Gold Mine** is a gold mine and tourist attraction at the unincorporated community of Fox, near Fairbanks, Alaska. Founded in the early 1900s, the El Dorado mine underwent a gradual transformation in the latter half of the 20th century into an informational mine and tour destination. The El Dorado Gold Mine is owned by Alaska Riverways, Inc., and is located 10 miles north of Fairbanks on the Elliot Highway.

## History

The El Dorado Gold Mine began as a placer mining claim operated by the "Swede Brothers" of Fairbanks in the early 1900s. As records of the era were spotty and often poorly kept, the mine's exact ownership history for much of the first half of the century is unclear, though it is known that the mine changed hands several times.

The mid-20th century was a turbulent period for the El Dorado mine, as gold mining was halted by order of President Franklin D. Roosevelt during World War II, and individual mining claims were hamstrung by the government's imposition of a fixed price for gold. Small claims became less and less profitable to mine, and operations at the El Dorado mine ground virtually to a halt.

The mine was eventually purchased by Andrew Wescott, a Fairbanks gold miner, in the late 20th century. Wescott, realizing that the profitable days of solo mining in interior Alaska had passed, began to rebuild the El Dorado mine as an informational tour destination for Alaska visitors. The mine eventually became such a popular stop for tourists that Wescott could not handle the increased business by himself, so in 1990 Wescott entered a partnership with the Binkley family of Fairbanks in order to better develop the mine. A few years later, Wescott sold his stake in the mine to the Binkleys.

The mine operates from May to September, offering tours of the mines and train tours several times per day.

64°58′21″N 147°38′09″W / 64.97250°N 147.63583°W / 64.97250; -147.63583


title: Blaenwern

abstract: Blaenwern is a Welsh Christian hymn tune composed by William Penfro Rowlands (1860–1937), during the Welsh revival of 1904–1905. It was first published in Henry H. Jones' Cân a Moliant (1915). The metre of the tune is 8.7.8.7.D in F major or G major key, or occasionally A flat major. The tune is named after Blaenwern Farm near Tufton, Pembrokeshire, where Rowlands sent his son from Porth to stay with friends of the family to convalesce as it was thought the fresh air would assist his recovery: he named the tune in honour of them. In the United Kingdom Blaenwern has come to be used as the prevalent setting for the hymn Love Divine, All Loves Excelling, but also in other settings including the Welsh Deued Dyddiau O Bob Cymysg by William Williams Pantycelyn, and Calon Lân by Daniel James. It also became familiar to a wider audience through the Billy Graham crusades when it was used as a setting to What a Friend We Have in Jesus. As a setting for Love Divine it is a popular choice at English weddings and was voted as one of Britain's ten favourite hymns in October 2005. Love Divine, All Loves Excelling, set to Blaenwern, was sung at the wedding blessing of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker-Bowles and it was also selected as one of three hymns sung at the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton, the others being Guide Me, O Thou Great Redeemer, set to Cwm Rhondda, and Jerusalem. The tune was also used for Love Divine, All Loves Excelling at the funeral of former British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher in 2013, the wedding of Princess Eugenie and Jack Brooksbank in 2018 and the funeral of Queen Elizabeth II in 2022.

text:
# Blaenwern

**Blaenwern** is a Welsh Christian hymn tune composed by William Penfro Rowlands (1860–1937), during the Welsh revival of 1904–1905. It was first published in Henry H. Jones' *Cân a Moliant* (1915).

The metre of the tune is 8.7.8.7.D (alternating lines of eight and seven syllables) in F major or G major key, or occasionally A flat major.

The tune is named after Blaenwern Farm near Tufton, Pembrokeshire, where Rowlands sent his son from Porth to stay with friends of the family to convalesce as it was thought the fresh air would assist his recovery: he named the tune in honour of them.

In the United Kingdom Blaenwern has come to be used as the prevalent setting for the hymn *Love Divine, All Loves Excelling*, but also in other settings including the Welsh *Deued Dyddiau O Bob Cymysg* by William Williams Pantycelyn, and *Calon Lân* by Daniel James. It also became familiar to a wider audience through the Billy Graham crusades when it was used as a setting to *What a Friend We Have in Jesus*.

As a setting for *Love Divine* it is a popular choice at English weddings and was voted as one of Britain's ten favourite hymns in October 2005. *Love Divine, All Loves Excelling*, set to Blaenwern, was sung at the wedding blessing of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker-Bowles and it was also selected as one of three hymns sung at the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton, the others being *Guide Me, O Thou Great Redeemer*, set to Cwm Rhondda, and *Jerusalem*.

The tune was also used for *Love Divine, All Loves Excelling* at the funeral of former British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher in 2013, the wedding of Princess Eugenie and Jack Brooksbank in 2018 and the funeral of Queen Elizabeth II in 2022.


title: Podłoziny

abstract: Podłoziny is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dopiewo, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

text:
# Podłoziny

**Podłoziny** \[pɔdwɔˈʑinɨ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dopiewo, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

## InfoBox

| Podłoziny | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Podłoziny | |
| Coordinates: 52°20′39″N 16°37′55″E / 52.34417°N 16.63194°E / 52.34417; 16.63194 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Poznań |
| Gmina | Dopiewo |
| Population | 68 |


title: The Stability EP

abstract: The Stability EP is a limited edition EP by Indie rock band Death Cab for Cutie, released February 19, 2002. The release marks the final appearance of drummer Michael Schorr. The tracks on The Stability EP were originally featured as bonus tracks on the limited edition and Japanese versions of The Photo Album.

text:
# The Stability EP

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Pitchfork Media | 6.9/10 link |
| PopMatters | (unfavorable) link |
| Robert Christgau | link |
| *The Rolling Stone Album Guide* | link |

***The Stability EP*** is a limited edition EP by Indie rock band Death Cab for Cutie, released February 19, 2002. The release marks the final appearance of drummer Michael Schorr.

The tracks on *The Stability EP* were originally featured as bonus tracks on the limited edition and Japanese versions of *The Photo Album*.

## Song information

"Stability" reappears as the closing track to the band's 2005 major label debut, *Plans*. The new recording is considerably shorter than the original twelve-minute, mostly instrumental version found on this EP, ending where the vocals end. The version included on *Plans* is titled "Stable Song". A live rehearsal version of "Stability" can be found on the DVD *Drive Well, Sleep Carefully*, which clocks in at 10:03.

The track "All Is Full of Love" is a Björk cover.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "20th Century Towers" | Ben Gibbard, Nick Harmer, Christopher Walla | 4:36 |
| 2. | "All Is Full of Love" | Björk Guðmundsdóttir | 3:17 |
| 3. | "Stability" | Gibbard, Walla | 12:21 |

## Personnel

* Ben Gibbard – lead vocals, guitar, piano, choir on "20th Century Towers"
* Nick Harmer – bass, Juno on "All Is Full of Love", choir on "20th Century Towers"
* Michael Schorr – drums, choir on "20th Century Towers"
* Christopher Walla – guitar, choir on "20th Century Towers", production, recording, mixing
* James Mendenhall – outro piano on "Stability"
* John Vanderslice – additional vocals, Juno on "Stability"
* Jeff Saltzman – mastering
* S.E. Sharma at Avast! – mixing on "All Is Full of Love"

## InfoBox

| The Stability EP | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Death Cab for Cutie | |
| Released | February 19, 2002 (2002-02-19) |
| Genre | Indie rock |
| Label | Barsuk Records |
| Death Cab for Cutie chronology | |
| *The Photo Album*
(2001) ***The Stability EP***
(2002) *Transatlanticism*
(2003) | |
|  | |
| Death Cab for Cutie singles chronology | |
| "Prove My Hypotheses"
(1999) "**Stability**"
(2002) "A Movie Script Ending"
(2002) | |
|  | |


title: Spinous cell

abstract: Spinous cells, or prickle cells, are keratin producing epidermal cells owing their prickly appearance to their numerous intracellular connections. They make up the stratum spinosum of the epidermis and provide a continuous net-like layer of protection for underlying tissue. They are susceptible to mutations caused by sunlight and can become malignant.

text:
# Spinous cell

**Spinous cells**, or **prickle cells**, are keratin producing epidermal cells owing their prickly appearance to their numerous intracellular connections. They make up the stratum spinosum (prickly layer) of the epidermis and provide a continuous net-like layer of protection for underlying tissue. They are susceptible to mutations caused by sunlight and can become malignant.

## Location

Spinous cells are found in the superficial layers of the skin. They are found in the stratum spinosum (prickly layer, spinosum layer), which lies above the stratum basale (basal layer) and below the stratum granulosum (granular layer) of the epidermis. The spinous cells are arranged several layers thick to form a net-like covering.

## Origin

Spinous cells originate through mitosis in the basal layer (also known as the germinative layer). They are pushed upward into the stratum spinosum by the continuous formation of new cells in the basal layer. They reach the outmost layer of the skin as flattened dead flaking skin cells we shed daily. The journey from origin to shed takes 25 to 45 days.

## Function

Spinous cells serve “as a physical and biological barrier to the environment, preventing penetration by irritants and allergens and loss of water while maintaining internal homeostasis. They accomplish this in two ways. First, they are keratinocytes (keratin cells) whose primary function is to produce keratin, a strong structural protein. The keratin accumulates within each spinous cell as it moves upward through the epidermis layers, until the cell is almost completely filled with hardening keratin (keratinisation). Second, the cells are bound together across their cytoplasm by keratin filaments that form cell-to-cell connections (desmosomes).

## Cancer

Squamous cell carcinoma (prickle cell carcinoma) is relatively common in people over age 60, with fair skin, and a history of longer term sun exposure. It is not as commonly known as other skin cancers because it is less likely to metastasize, but can be just as deadly if left untreated.

Stratum spinosum

1. Marieb, Elaine N. (2003). *Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition*. Prentice Hall College Div. pp. 152–155. ISBN 0-8057-1693-9.
2. Bensouilah, Janetta (November 2006). *Aromadermatology: Aromatherapy in the Treatment and Care of Common Skin Conditions*. Blackwell Publishers. p. 3. ISBN 1857757750.
3. Lawton, MSc, RGN, OND, ENB393, RN, Sandra (October 3, 2006). "Anatomy and function of the skin - Part 2 - The epidermis". *Nursing Times*. **102** (32): 28–29. PMID 16922098. Retrieved April 7, 2012.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
4. Institute for Dermopharmacy GmbH (June 2003). "New Insights Regarding Light Skin Carcinoma". *DermoTopics Newsletter* (1). Retrieved March 15, 2012.


title: Cinch (card game)

abstract: Cinch, also known as Double Pedro or High Five, is an American trick-taking card game of the all fours family derived from Auction Pitch via Pedro. Developed in Denver, Colorado in the 1880s, it was soon regarded as the most important member of the all fours family in the USA, but went out of fashion with the rise of Auction Bridge. The game is primarily played by 4 players in fixed partnerships, but can also be played by 2–6 individual players. The game uses a regular pack of 52 cards. As in Pedro, all points are awarded to the winners of the tricks containing certain cards rather than to the players who originally held them. This includes the Game point, which goes to the winner of the trump Ten. Five points each go the winner of the Right Pedro and Left Pedro (Off-Five), respectively. The game is played for, for example, 42 or 51 points, of which up to 14 can be won in a single deal. The name Cinch comes from a Mexican word that is applied to the practice of securing the tricks that contain a Left or Right Pedro, but it was once also common to refer to the Left Pedro as the Cinch.

text:
# Cinch (card game)

**Cinch**, also known as **Double Pedro** or **High Five**, is an American trick-taking card game of the all fours family derived from Auction Pitch via Pedro. Developed in Denver, Colorado in the 1880s, it was soon regarded as the most important member of the all fours family in the USA, but went out of fashion with the rise of Auction Bridge. The game is primarily played by 4 players in fixed partnerships, but can also be played by 2–6 individual players.

The game uses a regular pack of 52 cards. As in Pedro, all points are awarded to the winners of the tricks containing certain cards rather than to the players who originally held them. This includes the Game point, which goes to the winner of the trump Ten. Five points each go the winner of the Right Pedro (Five of trumps) and Left Pedro (Off-Five), respectively. The game is played for, for example, 42 or 51 points, of which up to 14 can be won in a single deal.

The name *Cinch* comes from a Mexican word that is applied to the practice of securing the tricks that contain a Left or Right Pedro, but it was once also common to refer to the Left Pedro as the Cinch.

## Rules

The following rules are based on Foster's Complete Hoyle of 1897 and are very similar to the modern Bicycle rules.

**Card values (trumps only)**
| Rank | A | K | Q | J | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | Off-5 | 4 | 3 | 2 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Value** | 1 |  | | 1 | 1 |  | | | | 5 | 5 |  | | 1 |

The game is played with a standard pack of 52 cards. The cards are ranked in the usual order, Aces ranking high. As a special case, the Off-Five, i.e. the non-trump Five which is of the same color as trumps, is for all purposes considered to be a member of the trump suit ranking between the Five and Four of trumps.

Like Pitch, Cinch is a point-trick game, i.e. for winning the trick play one needs to maximize the total value of the cards won in tricks, rather than the number of tricks won. But in Cinch (and already in Pedro) the original card-points were abolished in favor of directly assigning game points to the cards. As a result of this process, only six of the fourteen trumps carry card-values, while the plain suit cards do not score at all.

The first dealer is decided by cutting. The highest bidder declares trumps. After card play (assuming that the party of the highest bidder kept their contract), the party that captured more card-points in tricks scores the difference towards the set total that wins game.

The dealer shuffles the pack, and the player to the dealer's right cuts. Nine cards are dealt to each player, in batches of three.

Beginning with the eldest hand, each player gets one chance to bid for the privilege of declaring the trump suit. A bid is the number of points that the bidder's party undertakes to win in the deal, the minimum bid being 1. Each player must make a higher bid than any previous player, or pass. The highest possible bid is 14.

When the highest bidder has announced the trump suit, starting with eldest hand each player in turn discards at least three cards face up. The dealer fills each player's hand up to six cards. In the four-player partnership version the dealer's own hand is filled up by *robbing the pack*: The dealer chooses the cards freely from the remaining stock, and if any trumps remain in the stock discards them openly.

Any scoring trumps discarded by the opponents are counted for the highest bidder's party.

The highest bidder leads to the first trick and need not lead a trump. The standard rules for card play in trick-taking games hold, with one exception: It is always allowed to trump instead of following suit. (*"Follow suit or trump."*) As usual, the highest card of the suit led wins each trick, unless a trump is played, in which case the highest trump played wins. The winner of a trick leads to the next trick.

Both parties count the card-points in their tricks. If the bidding party keeps the contract, i.e. wins the required number of card-points, the party that won more card-points scores the difference. Otherwise the opponents score their own result plus the value of the bid.

* Chicago Cinch Club (1890), *The Laws and Etiquette of Cinch*, Chicago`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link).
* Foster, Robert Frederick (1897), *Foster's Complete Hoyle*, London and New York`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link).
* McLeod, John (ed.), "All Fours Group", *Card Games website*.
* Parlett, David (2008), "High-low-Jack family", *The Penguin Book of Card Games* (3rd ed.), Penguin Books, pp. 175–188, ISBN 978-0-14-103787-5.
* United States Playing Card Company, "Cinch", *Game Rules*.
* Snyder, Edgar C. (1890). *High Five: Rules for Playing the Single, Double and Progressive Games*. Omaha, NE: Chase & Eddy.

## InfoBox

Cinch
| Origin | United States |
| --- | --- |
| Alternative names | Double Pedro, high five |
| Type | Trick-taking |
| Family | All fours |
| Players | 2×2 or 2–6 |
| Cards | 52 |
| Deck | French |
| Rank (high→low) | A K Q J 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 |
| Play | Clockwise |
| Related games | |
| Auction Pitch  Pedro | |


title: Spinibarbus brevicephalus

abstract: Spinibarbus brevicephalus is a species of the family Cyprinidae. The fish is known to be in Vietnam.

text:
# Spinibarbus brevicephalus

***Spinibarbus brevicephalus*** is a species of the family Cyprinidae. The fish is known to be in Vietnam.

## Status

As of 2010, the IUCN evaluated *Spinibarbus brevicephalus* and listed it as Data Deficient.

## InfoBox

| *Spinibarbus brevicephalus* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Genus: | *Spinibarbus* |
| Species: | ***S. brevicephalus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Spinibarbus brevicephalus***
Nguyen & Nguyen, 1997 | |
|


title: Spinhenge@Home

abstract: Spinhenge@home was a volunteer computing project on the BOINC platform, which performs extensive numerical simulations concerning the physical characteristics of magnetic molecules. It is a project of the Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, in cooperation with the University of Osnabrück and Ames Laboratory. The project began beta testing on September 1, 2006 and used the Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm to calculate and simulate spin dynamics in nanoscale molecular magnets. On September 28, 2011, a hiatus was announced while the project team reviewed results and upgraded hardware. As of July 10, 2022 the hiatus continues and it is likely that the project has been closed down permanently.

text:
# Spinhenge@Home

**Spinhenge@home** was a volunteer computing project on the BOINC platform, which performs extensive numerical simulations concerning the physical characteristics of magnetic molecules. It is a project of the Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, in cooperation with the University of Osnabrück and Ames Laboratory.

The project began beta testing on September 1, 2006 and used the Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm to calculate and simulate spin dynamics in nanoscale molecular magnets.

On September 28, 2011, a hiatus was announced while the project team reviewed results and upgraded hardware. As of July 10, 2022 the hiatus continues and it is likely that the project has been closed down permanently.

## InfoBox

Spinhenge@home
| Spinhenge@home graphics | |
| --- | --- |
| Platform | BOINC |


title: Spinibarbus maensis

abstract: Spinibarbus maensis is a species of cyprinid of the subfamily Spinibarbinae. It inhabits Vietnam and is considered harmless to humans. It has been classified as "data deficient" on the IUCN Red List.

text:
# Spinibarbus maensis

***Spinibarbus maensis*** is a species of cyprinid of the subfamily Spinibarbinae. It inhabits Vietnam and is considered harmless to humans. It has been classified as "data deficient" on the IUCN Red List.

## InfoBox

| *Spinibarbus maensis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Genus: | *Spinibarbus* |
| Species: | ***S. maensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Spinibarbus maensis***
Nguyen, Duong & Tran, 2007 | |
|


title: Sporoschisma

abstract: Sporoschisma is a genus of fungi within the Chaetosphaeriaceae family.

text:
# Sporoschisma

***Sporoschisma*** is a genus of fungi within the Chaetosphaeriaceae family.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Sporoschisma* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes |
| Order: | Chaetosphaeriales |
| Family: | Chaetosphaeriaceae |
| Genus: | ***Sporoschisma***<br>Berk. & Broome 1847 |
|
| Species | |
| See text. | |


title: Spirochaeta thermophila

abstract: Spirochaeta thermophila is a fairly recently discovered free-living, anaerobic, spirochaete that seems to be the most thermophilic of the Spirochaetales order. The type species was discovered in 1992 in Kuril islands, Russia and described in Aksenova, et al. It has been isolated in the sediments and water columns of brackish aquatic habitats of various ponds, lakes, rivers, and oceans. This organism is identified as a new species based on its unique ability to degrade cellulose, xylan, and other α- and β-linked sugars and use them as the sole carbon source by encoding many glycoside hydrolases. It is presumed to secrete cellulases to break down plant-matter around it but there has been little work on the characterization of the enzymes responsible for this.

text:
# Spirochaeta thermophila

***Spirochaeta thermophila*** is a fairly recently discovered free-living, anaerobic, spirochaete that seems to be the most thermophilic of the Spirochaetales order. The type species was discovered in 1992 in Kuril islands, Russia and described in Aksenova, et al. It has been isolated in the sediments and water columns of brackish aquatic habitats of various ponds, lakes, rivers, and oceans. This organism is identified as a new species based on its unique ability to degrade cellulose, xylan, and other α- and β-linked sugars and use them as the sole carbon source by encoding many glycoside hydrolases. It is presumed to secrete cellulases to break down plant-matter around it but there has been little work on the characterization of the enzymes responsible for this.

## Original description

The original description depicts single, helical, .2-.25 μm by 16-50 μm Gram-negative cells. The temperature range for survival of *Spirochaeta thermophila* is between 40° and 73°  with an optimum range between 66° and 68 °C. The pH range for survival was measured from 5.9 to 7.7 with an optimum of 7.5. The G + C content measured was approximately 52% in the 1992 description but has been measured around 70% since that time. The original description also noted that organisms of the same species isolated from different environments could have different optimum temperatures, optimum pH for growth, and optimum saline concentrations; these would change based on the environment in which the organism is living.

## Glucose fermentation pathway

The fermentation process is the same Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway of glycolysis with the exception of one step. The phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate mediates the production of pyrophosphate-dependent (PPi-dependent) phosphofrucktokinase instead of the usual ATP-dependent phosphofrucktokinase. This appears to be a characteristic of *Spirochaeta thermophila* not found in other Spirochaeta species. It is suggested that this different product could be a regulatory mechanism for catabolic processes; with low levels of the ATP-dependent molecule, AMP is produced. AMP drives the production of PPi production for the step that is changed in the glycolysis pathway.

The PPi-dependent phosphofrucktokinase sequences are only available from three organisms in the *Spirochaetales* order: *Spirochaeta thermophila*, *Borrelia burgdorferi*, and *Treponema pallidum*. Comparing the sequences, in a 2001 study by Rominus et al., it was determined that *S. thermophila* was most closely related to *T. pallidum* for this sequence and the sister to those groups was *B. burgedorferi*. This analysis showed the thermophily of *S. thermophila* and *T. pallidum* arose from a common ancestor between them and B. burgdorferi that was a mesophile. This was an interesting revelation because it was previously assumed that the thermophilic, free-living spirochaetes gave rise to all extant spirochaetes.

## InfoBox

| *Spirochaeta thermophila* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Spirochaetota |
| Class: | Spirochaetia |
| Order: | Spirochaetales |
| Family: | Spirochaetaceae |
| Genus: | *Spirochaeta* |
| Species: | ***S. thermophila*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Spirochaeta thermophila***<br>Aksenova 1992 | |
|


title: City of Busselton

abstract: The City of Busselton is a local government area in the South West region of Western Australia, approximately 230 km (140 mi) south of Perth, the state capital. The city covers an area of 1,455 km⁲ (562 sq mi) and had a population of 40,640 as at the 2021 Census. It contains two large towns, Busselton and Dunsborough, and a number of smaller towns. The city office is located on Southern Drive, Busselton.

text:
# City of Busselton

The **City of Busselton** is a local government area in the South West region of Western Australia, approximately 230 km (140 mi) south of Perth, the state capital. The city covers an area of 1,455 km2 (562 sq mi) and had a population of 40,640 as at the 2021 Census. It contains two large towns, Busselton and Dunsborough, and a number of smaller towns. The city office is located on Southern Drive, Busselton.

## History

The City of Busselton was established as the **Busselton Road District** on 11 May 1951 with the amalgamation of the Municipality of Busselton, governing the area of Busselton bounded by West Street and Ford Road, and the Sussex Road District, governing the remaining area. Both bodies had been established in 1871.

The road district was declared a shire and became the **Shire of Busselton** with effect from 1 July 1961 following the passage of the *Local Government Act 1960*, which reformed all remaining road districts into shires.

In 2007 it abolished its system of wards for electing councillors. On 21 January 2012 the Shire of Busselton gained city status and became the City of Busselton.

The City of Busselton and neighbouring Capel are among the state's fastest growing areas.

## Indigenous people

The City of Busselton is located on the traditional land of the Wardandi (also spelled Wadandi) people, of the Noongar nation.

## Towns, suburbs and localities

The towns, suburbs and localities of the City of Busselton with population and size figures based on the most recent Australian census:

| Locality | Population | Area | Map |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Abba River | 83 (SAL 2021) | 28.4 km2 (11.0 sq mi) |  |
| Abbey | 1,321 (SAL 2021) | 2.6 km2 (1.0 sq mi) |  |
| Acton Park | 92 (SAL 2021) | 23.7 km2 (9.2 sq mi) |  |
| Ambergate | 564 (SAL 2021) | 38.4 km2 (14.8 sq mi) |  |
| Anniebrook | 53 (SAL 2021) | 13.1 km2 (5.1 sq mi) |  |
| Boallia | 39 (SAL 2021) | 37.5 km2 (14.5 sq mi) |  |
| Bovell | 475 (SAL 2021) | 13.3 km2 (5.1 sq mi) |  |
| Broadwater | 4,269 (SAL 2021) | 6.2 km2 (2.4 sq mi) |  |
| Busselton | 1,838 (SAL 2021) | 4.5 km2 (1.7 sq mi) |  |
| Carbunup River | 112 (SAL 2021) | 28 km2 (11 sq mi) |  |
| Chapman Hill | 109 (SAL 2021) | 54.3 km2 (21.0 sq mi) |  |
| Dunsborough | 6,413 (SAL 2021) | 16.3 km2 (6.3 sq mi) |  |
| Eagle Bay | 120 (SAL 2021) | 1.9 km2 (0.73 sq mi) |  |
| Geographe | 3,622 (SAL 2021) | 6 km2 (2.3 sq mi) |  |
| Hithergreen | 61 (SAL 2016) | 24.2 km2 (9.3 sq mi) |  |
| Jarrahwood | 9 (SAL 2021) | 1 km2 (0.39 sq mi) |  |
| Jindong | 68 (SAL 2021) | 22.4 km2 (8.6 sq mi) |  |
| Kalgup | 91 (SAL 2021) | 17 km2 (6.6 sq mi) |  |
| Kaloorup | 90 (SAL 2021) | 45.1 km2 (17.4 sq mi) |  |
| Kealy | 1,119 (SAL 2021) | 6.5 km2 (2.5 sq mi) |  |
| Ludlow * | 132 (SAL 2021) | 49.2 km2 (19.0 sq mi) |  |
| Marybrook | 229 (SAL 2021) | 15.4 km2 (5.9 sq mi) |  |
| Metricup | 263 (SAL 2021) | 57.2 km2 (22.1 sq mi) |  |
| Naturaliste | 107 (SAL 2021) | 56 km2 (22 sq mi) |  |
| North Jindong | 75 (SAL 2021) | 19.1 km2 (7.4 sq mi) |  |
| Quedjinup | 420 (SAL 2021) | 8 km2 (3.1 sq mi) |  |
| Quindalup | 1,488 (SAL 2021) | 39.9 km2 (15.4 sq mi) |  |
| Reinscourt | 280 (SAL 2021) | 8.6 km2 (3.3 sq mi) |  |
| Ruabon | 82 (SAL 2021) | 31.6 km2 (12.2 sq mi) |  |
| Sabina River | 79 (SAL 2021) | 18.5 km2 (7.1 sq mi) |  |
| Siesta Park | 60 (SAL 2021) | 0.9 km2 (0.35 sq mi) |  |
| Tutunup | 75 (SAL 2021) | 41.5 km2 (16.0 sq mi) |  |
| Vasse | 2,853 (SAL 2021) | 36.1 km2 (13.9 sq mi) |  |
| Walsall | 82 (SAL 2021) | 23.2 km2 (9.0 sq mi) |  |
| West Busselton | 8,869 (SAL 2021) | 8.2 km2 (3.2 sq mi) |  |
| Wilyabrup | 193 (SAL 2021) | 81.7 km2 (31.5 sq mi) |  |
| Wonnerup | 196 (SAL 2021) | 17.6 km2 (6.8 sq mi) |  |
| Yallingup | 1,195 (SAL 2021) | 75.3 km2 (29.1 sq mi) |  |
| Yallingup Siding | 324 (SAL 2021) | 20.2 km2 (7.8 sq mi) |  |
| Yalyalup | 2,950 (SAL 2021) | 32.2 km2 (12.4 sq mi) |  |
| Yelverton | 72 (SAL 2021) | 34.1 km2 (13.2 sq mi) |  |
| Yoganup | 15 (SAL 2021) | 383.8 km2 (148.2 sq mi) |  |
| Yoongarillup | 79 (SAL 2021) | 26.4 km2 (10.2 sq mi) |  |

* (\* indicates locality is only partially located within this city)

## Mayors

## Population

The historical populations of the Busselton Municipal District and the Sussex Road District were as follows before their amalgamation:

| Year | Population | Busselton | Sussex |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1911 | 1,786 | 693 | 1,093 |
| 1921 | 1,846 | 610 | 1,236 |
| 1933 | 4,053 | 916 | 3,137 |
| 1947 | 4,024 | 1008 | 3,016 |

The figures for the censuses since the council amalgamation are as follows:

Historical population
| Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1954  5,265       1961  6,120 +2.17%  1966  6,803 +2.14%  1971  7,426 +1.77%  1976  7,897 +1.24%  1981  9,369 +3.48%  1986  11,933 +4.96% | Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1991  14,592 +4.11%  1996  18,158 +4.47%  2001  23,099 +4.93%  2006  26,638 +2.89%  2011  30,330 +2.63%  2016  36,686 +3.88%  2021  40,640 +2.07% |
| --- | --- |

## Heritage-listed places

As of 2023, 225 places are heritage-listed in the City of Busselton, of which 33 are on the State Register of Heritage Places, among them the Cape Naturaliste Lighthouse, Busselton Jetty and Wonnerup House.

33°38′53″S 115°20′46″E / 33.648°S 115.346°E / -33.648; 115.346

## InfoBox

| City of Busselton
Western Australia | |
| --- | --- |
| Location in Western Australia | |
|  | |
| Population | 40,640 (LGA 2021) |
| Established | 1951 |
| Area | 1,454.8 km2 (561.7 sq mi) |
| Mayor | Phill Cronin |
| Council seat | Busselton |
| Region | South West |
| State electorate(s) | Vasse |
| Federal division(s) | Forrest |
|  | |
| Website | City of Busselton |
| **LGAs around City of Busselton:**  *Geographe Bay* Capel  *Indian Ocean* City of Busselton Donnybrook-
Balingup  Augusta-Margaret River Nannup | |


title: City of Brunswick

abstract: The City of Brunswick was a local government area in the inner-northern suburbs of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It comprised the suburbs of Brunswick, Brunswick East and Brunswick West. It ceased to exist on 22 June 1994, when its council was disbanded by the Kennett Government and replaced with appointed commissioners, who oversaw its amalgamation with the City of Coburg and parts of the City of Broadmeadows, to create the City of Moreland.

text:
# City of Brunswick

The **City of Brunswick** was a local government area in the inner-northern suburbs of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It comprised the suburbs of Brunswick, Brunswick East and Brunswick West. It ceased to exist on 22 June 1994, when its council was disbanded by the Kennett Government and replaced with appointed commissioners, who oversaw its amalgamation with the City of Coburg and parts of the City of Broadmeadows, to create the City of Moreland (now City of Merri-bek).

## History

The area that was to become the City of Brunswick was first surveyed in 1839, a large tract of mostly flat land bounded on the east and west by the Merri Merri and the Moonee Ponds Creeks respectively. The land was subdivided into long narrow agricultural allotments running east and west from a central service road, later to become Sydney Road. In 1841, Thomas Wilkinson, one of the major landowners in the area named his estate Brunswick, after Princess Caroline of Brunswick, wife of King George IV. In 1846, a post office taking the name Brunswick was opened on this estate. In 1852, the Brunswick Hotel was opened on Sydney Road.

On 29 September 1857, Brunswick was proclaimed a municipal district. The first meeting of the council of the new municipality was held in the Cornish Arms Hotel, on 23 October of that year. There were seven councillors elected by the votes of 581 landowners from 14 nominations. The councillors represented two wards, four from the working class south and three from the more moneyed north. Despite a numerical disadvantage, the northern councillors proved more powerful and influential. The purpose-built municipal chambers were opened in 1859 on Sydney Road. This building became the Borough Chambers when the municipality was proclaimed a borough in 1862, being turned into a police station when a Town Hall was constructed in the centre of the town in 1876.

In 1870, the southern border became Park Street, when the City of Melbourne defined its boundaries. Between 1869 and 1877, there were toll gates operated by the Government on the main north-south thoroughfares of Brunswick (Sydney Road and Lygon Street), at Park Street and Moreland Road, the northern boundary. In 1884, the precursor to the Upfield railway line opened, running from Spencer Street at the western edge of Melbourne city to Coburg, with two stations in Brunswick at what are today named Jewell and Brunswick stations. Thus far, commercial activity in Sydney Road had been concentrated at its southern end, but after 1884, the shopping strip began to be extended north of Albert Street.

In 1887, Hill Farm to the west of the municipality was subdivided, bringing the town of West Brunswick into existence, centred on Daly Street. On 1 October of the same year, the cable tram to the city centre opened. On 13 April 1888, Brunswick reached the status of a town (Municipal). In 1889, the Brunswick Gas company was launched. In 1897, the first motor car in Victoria arrived courtesy of Brunswick resident John Pender. That same year on 18 October, the area's first permanent Labor political organisation was formed, the United Labor Party, Brunswick Branch.

In 1904, Brunswick elected its first representative in the Victorian Legislative Assembly, the state parliament. Frank Anstey, of the Labor Party, was the member, and the party held the seat until 2018, when Tim Read of The Greens defeated ALP candidate Cindy O’Connor. Between 1957 and 1976 there were two seats, Brunswick East and Brunswick West.

On 15 January 1908, Brunswick was proclaimed a city, and on 21 April 1921, it was divided into four wards; North East, North West, Central and South.

## Geography

The City of Brunswick was a stable geographic area from 1870 until 1994, comprising an area of 11.01 square kilometres (4.25 sq mi) bounded by the Moonee Ponds Creek to the west, the Merri Creek to the east, Moreland Road to the north and Park Street (one block south of Brunswick Road), Nicholson Street and May Street to the south. The boundaries enclosed the suburbs of Brunswick West, Brunswick and Brunswick East, and also included a 15-hectare (37-acre) strip of Fitzroy North, along Glenlyon Road.

## Demographics

The 1991 census conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics identified 39,779 persons resident in the City of Brunswick.

Historical populations for the City of Brunswick are shown in the table below. Figures from 1911 onwards, with the exceptions of 1958 and 1986, reflect census figures.:

| Year | Population |
| --- | --- |
| 1846 | 146 |
| 1861 | 3,014 |
| 1881 | 6,222 |
| 1901 | 24,141 |
| 1911 | 32,215 |
| 1921 | 44,484 |
| 1928 | 55,799 |
| 1933 | 54,348 |
| 1947 | 57,546 |
| 1954 | 53,620 |
| 1958 | 51,500\* |
| 1961 | 53,093 |
| 1966 | 52,030 |
| 1971 | 51,560 |
| 1976 | 46,192 |
| 1981 | 44,464 |
| 1986 | 41,362 |
| 1991 | 39,886 |

* Yearbook estimates.

* Barnes, Les (1987) It Happened in Brunswick 1837-1987, Brunswick, Vic: Brunswick Community History Group (ISBN 0-9587742-0-X)

37°46′01″S 144°57′40″E / 37.767°S 144.961°E / -37.767; 144.961

## InfoBox

| City of Brunswick
Victoria | |
| --- | --- |
| Location in Melbourne | |
| Brunswick Town Hall | |
| Population | 41,100 (1992) |
| • Density | 3,733/km2 (9,668/sq mi) |
| Established | 1857 |
| Area | 11.01 km2 (4.3 sq mi) |
| Council seat | Brunswick |
| Region | Northern Melbourne |
| County | Bourke |
|  | |
| **LGAs around City of Brunswick:**  Essendon Coburg Preston  Essendon City of Brunswick Northcote  Melbourne Melbourne Fitzroy | |


title: City of Bundaberg

abstract: The City of Bundaberg was a local government area located in the Wide Bay–Burnett region of Queensland, Australia, encompassing the centre and inner suburbs of the regional city of Bundaberg. The city covered an area of 95.5 square kilometres (36.9 sq mi), and existed as a local government entity in various forms from 1881 until 2008, when it amalgamated with several other councils in the surrounding area to form the Bundaberg Region.

text:
# City of Bundaberg

The **City of Bundaberg** was a local government area located in the Wide Bay–Burnett region of Queensland, Australia, encompassing the centre and inner suburbs of the regional city of Bundaberg. The city covered an area of 95.5 square kilometres (36.9 sq mi), and existed as a local government entity in various forms from 1881 until 2008, when it amalgamated with several other councils in the surrounding area to form the Bundaberg Region.

## History

Local government in the Bundaberg area began on 11 November 1879 with the creation of the Bundaberg Division as one of 74 divisions around Queensland under the *Divisional Boards Act 1879* with a population of 776.

On 22 April 1881, a 4.1-square-kilometre (1.6 sq mi) area with a population of 1,192 was split from the Division and incorporated as the Borough of Bundaberg under the *Local Government Act 1878*.

In 1902, the municipality constructed waterworks and water supply facilities at a cost of £22,492. The reservoir capacity was 6850 ft and the pumping power being 960,000 gallons per 24 hours.

With the passage of the *Local Authorities Act 1902*, Barolin Division became the Shire of Barolin and the Borough of Bundaberg became the Town of Bundaberg on 31 March 1903.

In 1909, the borough was area of 1¾ square miles, with 30 miles of streets, 1400 rate-payers, a capital value of £157,085, and collected £4597 in rates (in 1908). The indebitness of the town on account of Government loans totals £39,717 13s, the annual repayment being £2532.

On 22 November 1913, the Town of Bundaberg was proclaimed a city becoming the City of Bundaberg.

On 21 December 1917, the Shire of Barolin was abolished and its area split between the City of Bundaberg and the Shire of Woongarra. Bundaberg grew to 45.2 square kilometres (17.5 sq mi) and was united with what was then its entire suburban extent.

On 21 November 1991, the Electoral and Administrative Review Commission, created two years earlier, produced its second report, and recommended that local government boundaries in the Bundaberg area be rationalised. The *Local Government (Bundaberg and Burnett) Regulation 1993* was gazetted on 17 December 1993, and on 30 March 1994, a portion of the Woongarra (the rest of which was merged into the new Shire of Burnett) was transferred to the City, more than doubling its area and increasing its population by 8,200 in 1991 census terms.

On 15 March 2008, under the *Local Government (Reform Implementation) Act 2007* passed by the Parliament of Queensland on 10 August 2007, the City of Bundaberg merged with the Shires of Burnett, Isis and Kolan to form the Bundaberg Region.

## Suburbs

The City of Bundaberg included the following settlements:

1 \- split with the former Shire of Burnett

## Population

| Year | Population |
| --- | --- |
| 1921 | 9,276 |
| 1933 | 11,466 |
| 1947 | 15,926 |
| 1954 | 19,951 |
| 1961 | 22,839 |
| 1966 | 25,402 |
| 1971 | 27,324 |
| 1976 | 30,456 |
| 1981 | 30,937 |
| 1986 | 31,427 |
| 1991 | 32,737\* |
| 1996 | 42,554 |
| 2001 | 43,146 |
| 2006 | 45,901 |

* The population of the 1996 area in 1991 was 41,219.

## Mayors

24°51′53.89″S 152°20′55.15″E / 24.8649694°S 152.3486528°E / -24.8649694; 152.3486528

## InfoBox

| City of Bundaberg
Queensland | |
| --- | --- |
| Location within Queensland | |
| Population | 45,802 (2006 census) |
| • Density | 479.60/km2 (1,242.2/sq mi) |
| Established | 1860 |
| Area | 95.5 km2 (36.9 sq mi) |
| Council seat | Bundaberg |
| Region | Wide Bay–Burnett |
| State electorate(s) | Bundaberg, Burnett |
| Federal division(s) | Hinkler |
|  | |
| Website | City of Bundaberg |