abstract: The Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering Act 2018 is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom applying to the United Kingdom. The Act has two purposes; a) To enable the UK to create its own sanctions framework, allowing it to issue sanctions rather than adopting EU or UN models, and b) to make provisions of the purposes of the detection, investigation and prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing, and to implement standards published by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), removing the need to adopt EU directives.

text:
# Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering Act 2018

The **Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering Act 2018** (SAMLA 2018) is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom applying to the United Kingdom.

The Act has two purposes; a) To enable the UK to create its own sanctions framework, allowing it to issue sanctions rather than adopting EU or UN models, and b) to make provisions of the purposes of the detection, investigation and prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing, and to implement standards published by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), removing the need to adopt EU directives.

## Introduction of the Act

The Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering Act 2018 (SAMLA 2018) was introduced to allow the UK to impose economic and other sanctions, and money laundering and terrorist financing regulations. Without introducing the Act, the UK would be at risk of breaching its international obligations as a member of the United Nations following Britain's exit from the EU (colloquially referred to as Brexit).

The Act allows the UK to implement sanctions passed by resolutions of the UN Security Council which were previously implemented through EU regulations under the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy.

On 1 May 2018, the UK House of Commons, without opposition, added the "Magnitsky amendment" to the Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering Bill that allowed the British government to impose sanctions on people who commit gross human rights violations.

The act received royal assent on 23 May 2018, and by 12 July 2020 the Act was being used to sanction 49 individuals. Of those sanctioned 25 were Russian, 20 were Saudi Arabian, two were from Myanmar and two organisations were North Korean. Chief Executive of Hong Kong Carrie Lam was mentioned in Parliament by both parties that month in connection with the Act.

From the 31 December 2020, types of sanctions in the UK have changed due to Brexit and it is important that all organisations comply with and understand the new laws.

## The Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering Act 2018

### The power to make sanctions regulations

Much of the act covers the UK’s powers to make and enforce its own sanctions. The Act confers broad powers upon the Secretary of State and the Treasury as the "appropriate Minister" to impose sanctions regulations for compliance with a UN obligation or any other international obligation, or for a purpose that would:

* prevent terrorist acts in the UK or elsewhere
* in the interests of national security
* the interests of global peace and security
* assist a UK government foreign policy goal
* promote the end of a war or protect civilians caught up in a conflict zone
* discourage gross abuses of human rights, promote compliance with international human rights law or international humanitarian law
* contribute to mutual international endeavours to thwart the spread and use of weapons and materials of mass destruction
* foster respect for democracy and the rule of law

For this reason, it is easier for the UK to impose sanctions under SAMLA 2018 if it is deemed appropriate by ministers. Under the UK’s prior adherence to EU regulations sanctions were only to be imposed when strictly necessary. This increase of UK powers to impose sanctions has been criticised by some, with Lord Judge in the House of Lords commenting that it was a "bonanza of regulations", further stating that the Bill should be rechristened as “the ‘Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering (Regulation Bulk Buy) Bill".

The types of sanction outlined in the bill are:

1. Financial sanctions
2. Immigration sanctions
3. Trade sanctions
4. Aircraft sanctions
5. Shipping sanctions
6. Other sanctions for the purposes of UN obligations

By way of "other sanctions", the Act allows the "appropriate Minister making the regulations" to impose sanctions they deem appropriate to comply with a UN obligation.

### Designation by Description

Under section 12 of SAMLA 2018, it allows the designation of persons by "description" as well as by name. This is not currently covered by EU regulations to which the UK left through leaving the EU.

For a sanction to apply to persons by description, several conditions must be met:

* Given the specific description, a reasonable person could establish whether the designated person fell within it.
* At the time of designation, it is not practicable for the Minister to name and identify every individual who fell within the description.
* The Minister had reasonable grounds to suspect:
    + that where the specified description is members of a particular organisation, that the organisation is an "involved person"; or
    + in the case of any other specified description, that any person falling within that description would necessarily be "an involved person".

### Anti-money laundering regulations

The Act covers anti-money laundering and terrorist funding. Through further regulations, it allows the British government to make provisions for enabling or facilitating the detection or investigation of money laundering and terrorist financing, or the prevention of either. In addition, it allows the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) to combat threats to the integrity of the international financial system via the implementation of Standards.

The Act addresses concerns over the transparency of ownership of foreign companies, requiring the Secretary of State to publish regular reports on the progress made in creating a register of beneficial owners of overseas entities.

## InfoBox

Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering Act 2018
| Act of Parliament | |
| --- | --- |
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | |
| Long title | An Act to make provision enabling sanctions to be imposed where appropriate for the purposes of compliance with United Nations obligations or other international obligations or for the purposes of furthering the prevention of terrorism or for the purposes of national security or international peace and security or for the purposes of furthering foreign policy objectives; to make provision for the purposes of the detection, investigation and prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing and for the purposes of implementing Standards published by the Financial Action Task Force relating to combating threats to the integrity of the international financial system; and for connected purposes. |
| Citation | 2018 c. 13 |
| Introduced by | Boris Johnson (Commons)<br>Tariq Ahmad, Baron Ahmad of Wimbledon (Lords) |
| Territorial extent | United Kingdom |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 23 May 2018 |
| Status: Current legislation | |
| History of passage through Parliament | |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
| Revised text of statute as amended | |


title: Sangano

abstract: Sangano is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 20 kilometres west of Turin. Sangano borders the following municipalities: Reano, Villarbasse, Trana, Rivalta di Torino, Bruino and Piossasco.

text:
# Sangano

**Sangano** is a *comune* (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 20 kilometres (12 miles) west of Turin.

Sangano borders the following municipalities: Reano, Villarbasse, Trana, Rivalta di Torino, Bruino and Piossasco.

## Twin towns

## InfoBox

| Sangano | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Sangano | |
|  | |
| Location of Sangano | |
| SanganoLocation of Sangano in ItalySanganoSangano (Piedmont) | |
| Coordinates: 45°2′N 7°27′E / 45.033°N 7.450°E / 45.033; 7.450 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Piedmont |
| Metropolitan city | Turin (TO) |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Agnese Ugues |
| Area | |
| Total | 6.7 km2 (2.6 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 340 m (1,120 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2010) | |
| Total | 3,777 |
| Density | 560/km2 (1,500/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Sanganesi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 10090 |
| Dialing code | 011 |
| Patron saint | Assumption of Mary |
| Website | Official website |


title: Sanganois State Fish and Wildlife Area

abstract: Sanganois State Fish and Wildlife Area is an Illinois state park on 10,360 acres (4,190 ha) in Cass, Schuyler, and Mason County, Illinois, United States.

text:
# Sanganois State Fish and Wildlife Area

**Sanganois State Fish and Wildlife Area** is an Illinois state park on 10,360 acres (4,190 ha) in Cass, Schuyler, and Mason County, Illinois, United States.

## History

Sanganois is a bottomland area with sloughs, backwater lakes, and timbered ponds. It is near the confluence of the Sangamon River and Illinois River.; the original confluence of the meandering Sangamon River channel and the Illinois River is contained within the Sanganois Conservation Area. The area is located in southwestern Mason County, northwestern Cass County, and a small portion in Schuyler County.

The area was first owned and operated as private duck clubs. Sanganois Gun Club was the largest club with 2,700 acres (1,100 ha) was purchased by the State of Illinois in 1948. The state has purchased additional acreage to expand over the years, including the new addition of Stewart Lake. Today the Sanganois State Fish and Wildlife Area contains over 10,000 acres (4,000 ha), of which roughly 1,700 acres (690 ha) is water.

## Flora

Sanganois contains bottomland timber with willow, maple, and cottonwood trees.

## Fauna

Sanganois contains waterfowl refuges, such as Barkhausen Refuge, Ash Swale Waterfowl Refuge, and Marion-Pickerel Waterfowl Refuge.

Sanganois is listed as an Important Birding Area by the Audubon Society. Tens of thousands of migratory waterfowl, including ducks, American white pelican, tundra swans, and trumpeter swans, use the site. Migratory shorebirds use the lakes when they are shallow, including species like pectoral sandpipers, least sandpipers, lesser yellowlegs, greater yellowlegs, semipalmated plover, semipalmated sandpiper, and dunlin. When the floodplain lakes have deeper water levels, gulls, terns, and ducks make their home. Other birds that nest on the site include: brown creeper, lark sparrow, blue grosbeak, western meadowlark, Eurasian tree sparrow, Bewick's wren, and bald eagles.

## Recreation

### Hunting

There are approximately 60 waterfowl blind sites, 7,000 acres (2,800 ha) huntable acres, and approximately 500 acres (200 ha) that are open to walk-in hunting. Youth hunting events are available during hunting season.

Visitors are encouraged to check in to ensure the site is open to access and to avoid this site during waterfowl and deer hunting seasons, but birders may hike an unpaved road around Knapps Island or the levee.

## InfoBox

| Sanganois State Fish and Wildlife Area | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area) | |
| Sanganois shown in lower left quarter of aerial photo | |
| Map of the U.S. state of Illinois showing the location of Sanganois State Fish and Wildlife AreaSanganois State Fish and Wildlife Area (the United States) | |
| Location | Cass, Schuyler, and Mason County, Illinois, USA |
| Nearest city | Chandlerville, Illinois |
| Coordinates | 40°06′33″N 90°20′00″W / 40.10917°N 90.33333°W / 40.10917; -90.33333 |
| Area | 10,360 acres (4,190 ha) |
| Established | 1948 |
| Governing body | Illinois Department of Natural Resources |


title: C16 road (Namibia)

abstract: The C16 is an untarred road in the ǁKaras Region of southern Namibia. It starts in Keetmanshoop and leads via Aroab to the Klein Menasse border post with South Africa. The border post on the South African side is Rietfontein. In the raining season the C16 regularly deteriorates and becomes passable only with 4x4.

text:
# C16 road (Namibia)

The **C16** is an untarred road in the ǁKaras Region of southern Namibia. It starts in Keetmanshoop and leads via Aroab (163 kilometres (101 mi) away) to the Klein Menasse border post with South Africa. The border post on the South African side is Rietfontein. In the raining season the C16 regularly deteriorates and becomes passable only with 4x4.

## InfoBox

| C16 road | |
| --- | --- |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | B1 at Keetmanshoop |
| Major intersections | C17 near Keetmanshoop<br>C11 at Aroab |
| East end | R31 at the South African border near Rietfontein |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Namibia |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| C15   C17 | |


abstract: CSS Alabama's Indian Ocean Expeditionary Raid commenced shortly after the Confederate States Navy ship CSS Alabama left the Cape of Good Hope and cruised across the Indian Ocean ultimately exiting via the Sunda Strait into the Java Sea from where she proceeded through the Karimata Strait past the west coast of Borneo before turning west towards Singapore. The raid lasted from about the end of September 1863 to the end of November 1863. The primary area of operation during this expeditionary raid, was the central Indian Ocean, across the Tropic of Capricorn, steaming east toward the Dutch East Indies.

text:
# CSS Alabama's Indian Ocean Expeditionary Raid

**CSS *Alabama*'s Indian Ocean Expeditionary Raid** commenced shortly after the Confederate States Navy ship CSS *Alabama* left the Cape of Good Hope and cruised across the Indian Ocean ultimately exiting via the Sunda Strait into the Java Sea from where she proceeded through the Karimata Strait past the west coast of Borneo before turning west towards Singapore. The raid lasted from about the end of September 1863 to the end of November 1863.

The primary area of operation during this expeditionary raid, was the central Indian Ocean, across the Tropic of Capricorn, steaming east toward the Dutch East Indies.

## Raid overview

CSS *Alabama* worked its way east from the Cape of Good Hope through rough weather, passing the islands of St. Peter Island and St. Paul Island in the Indian Ocean, which are about halfway to the Strait of Sunda. *Alabama* crossed the Tropic of Capricorn and conferred with the captain of an English bark, learning that USS *Wyoming*, a Union steamer, was patrolling in the Strait of Sunda with a tender, and anchored nightly at Krakatoa Island.

Many of the ships intercepted during this period were English or Dutch ships. However, on November 6, *Alabama*'s captain, Semmes, learned from an English ship out of Fuzhou (Foochow) that *Winged Racer*, escorted by USS *Wyoming* was coming out of the strait. *Alabama* pursued and overhauled two English ships before coming upon *Amanda*, out of Boston, laden with sugar and hemp. Semmes and crew set *Amanda* alight by 10:00 pm.

Getting underway for the Strait of Sunda, *Alabama* sailed past Keyser Island, Beezee island and Sowbooks Island, and then passed through the strait, on to Thwart-the-Way Island and Stroom Rock, not finding USS *Wyoming*. However, on November 8, amidst a rain squall, *Alabama* sighted sail and chased down the unescorted *Winged Racer*. The crew and master were put in boats to row ashore to nearby land at North Island, and *Winged Racer* was burnt.

CSS *Alabama* then proceeded toward the China Sea, passing Sumatra and Java, and arrived in Gasper Strait. Around daylight, new sail was sighted, and a Yankee clipper headed toward *Alabama* only to find the Confederate flag unfurled when Captain Semmes hoisted a change of colors. The clipper added topsails, and opened chase. The clipper *Contest* encountered a slack in the wind during the midday qualms, which allowed *Alabama* to bring the ship within gun range. To the regret of Captain Semmes, he could not capture the new prize and outfit her for service in the Confederate Navy, and so he reluctantly burnt her.

From this raiding area in the Dutch East Indies, CSS *Alabama* returned, via Singapore, to the Strait of Malacca.

## Raid bounty

**CSS *Alabama*'s Indian Ocean Expeditionary Raid**
| Date | Ship name | Tonnage | Ship type | Location | Disposition of prize |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| November 6, 1863 | *Amanda* | ? | ? | Strait of Sunda | Burned |
| November 9, 1863 | *Winged Racer* | ? | ? | Strait of Sunda | Burned |
| November 9, 1863 | *Contest* | ? | Yankee Clipper | North Island, East Indies | Burned |

* Hearn, Chester G., *Gray Raiders of the Sea*, Louisiana State Press, 1996. ISBN 0-8071-2114-2
* Luraghi, Raimondo, *A History of the Confederate Navy*, U.S. Naval Institute Press, 1996. ISBN 1-55750-527-6


title: Santa Margherita di Staffora

abstract: Santa Margherita di Staffora is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 80 km south of Milan and about 50 km south of Pavia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 589 and an area of 36.7 km². Santa Margherita di Staffora borders the following municipalities: Bobbio, Brallo di Pregola, Fabbrica Curone, Menconico, Varzi, Zerba.

text:
# Santa Margherita di Staffora

**Santa Margherita di Staffora** is a *comune* (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 80 km south of Milan and about 50 km south of Pavia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 589 and an area of 36.7 km².

Santa Margherita di Staffora borders the following municipalities: Bobbio, Brallo di Pregola, Fabbrica Curone, Menconico, Varzi, Zerba.

## Demographic evolution

1. "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
2. "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
3. All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute Istat.

## InfoBox

| Santa Margherita di Staffora | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Santa Margherita di Staffora | |
| Location of Santa Margherita di Staffora | |
| Santa Margherita di StafforaLocation of Santa Margherita di Staffora in ItalySanta Margherita di StafforaSanta Margherita di Staffora (Lombardy) | |
| Coordinates: 44°44′N 9°17′E / 44.733°N 9.283°E / 44.733; 9.283 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Lombardy |
| Province | Province of Pavia (PV) |
| Area | |
| Total | 36.7 km2 (14.2 sq mi) |
| Population (Dec. 2004) | |
| Total | 589 |
| Density | 16/km2 (42/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 27050 |
| Dialing code | 0383 |


title: Saphenista cubana

abstract: Saphenista cubana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on Cuba. The wingspan is about 8–13 mm.

text:
# Saphenista cubana

***Saphenista cubana*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on Cuba.

The wingspan is about 8–13 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Saphenista cubana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Saphenista* |
| Species: | ***S. cubana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Saphenista cubana***<br>Razowski & Becker, 2007 | |
|


title: Connecticut Route 244

abstract: Route 244 is a secondary state highway in rural Northeastern Connecticut. It connects the towns of Eastford and Pomfret.

text:
# Connecticut Route 244

**Route 244** is a secondary state highway in rural Northeastern Connecticut. It connects the towns of Eastford (at Route 198) and Pomfret (at Route 97).

## Route description

Route 244 starts at an intersection with Route 198 in Eastford, Connecticut. It travels east, and intersects a minor road called Andert Drive. Known as The Boston Turnpike, it turns northeast before falling back on an eastward track. It intersects Taft Pond Road before passing near Nightingale Pond. Route 244 then intersects several minor roads before traveling parallel to the Vineyard Valley Golf Club as it intersects and ends at Route 97 in Pomfret Center. Northbound Route 97 serves as the continuation of the road towards U.S. Route 44 and Route 169.

The section of Route 244 from Ragged Hill Road in Pomfret to the eastern terminus is designated a scenic road.

## History

Route 244 was, at one time, part of the Middle Boston Post Road and was one of the principal roads connecting the city of Hartford in Connecticut to Boston in Massachusetts and Providence in Rhode Island. It was established as a private toll road known as the **Boston Turnpike** in 1797 and reverted to a public road in 1879. On February 1, 1988, the road changed from unsigned State Road 622 (which became a state road in 1962) to Route 244.

## Junction list

The entire route is in Windham County.

| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Eastford | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Route 198 to US 44 Phoenixville, Eastford | Western terminus of CT 244 |
| Pomfret | 5.72 | 9.21 | Route 97 Pomfret, Hampton | Eastern terminus of CT 244 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Connecticut Route 244KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| Route 244 | |
| --- | --- |
| Map of Windham County in northeastern Connecticut with Route 244 highlighted in red | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by CTDOT | |
| Length | 5.72 mi (9.21 km) |
| Existed | 1988–present |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | Route 198 in Eastford |
| East end | Route 97 in Pomfret |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Connecticut |
| Counties | Windham |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
| * **Connecticut State Highway System** | |
| Route 243   Route 254 | |


title: Euphilotes mojave

abstract: Euphilotes mojave, known generally as the Mojave dotted blue or Mojave blue, is a species of blue in the butterfly family Lycaenidae. It is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Euphilotes mojave is 4367.1.

text:
# Euphilotes mojave

***Euphilotes mojave***, known generally as the **Mojave dotted blue** or **Mojave blue**, is a species of blue in the butterfly family Lycaenidae. It is found in North America.

The MONA or Hodges number for *Euphilotes mojave* is 4367.1.

## Subspecies

These two subspecies belong to the species *Euphilotes mojave*:

* *Euphilotes mojave mojave* (F. Watson & W. Comstock, 1920)
* *Euphilotes mojave virginensis* Austin in T. Emmel, 1998

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Euphilotes mojave* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lycaenidae |
| Genus: | *Euphilotes* |
| Species: | ***E. mojave*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Euphilotes mojave***<br>(F. Watson & W. Comstock, 1920) | |
|


title: FC Sporting Genzano

abstract: Football Club Sporting Genzano is an Italian association football club located in Genzano di Lucania, Basilicata. It currently plays in the Serie D. Its colors are white and red.

text:
# FC Sporting Genzano

**Football Club Sporting Genzano** is an Italian association football club located in Genzano di Lucania, Basilicata. It currently plays in the Serie D. Its colors are white and red.

1. "Sporting Genzano page @ Serie-D.com". Archived from the original on 11 March 2007. Retrieved 9 October 2006.

## InfoBox

Sporting Genzano
| Full name | Football Club Sporting Genzano |
| --- | --- |
| Nickname(s) |  |
| Founded | 1964
1995 *(refounded)* |
| Ground | Stadio Comunale,
Genzano di Lucania, Italy |
| Capacity | 1,500 |
| Chairman | Donato Nei |
| Manager | Pietro Ruisi |
| League | Serie D/H |
| 2007–08 | Eccellenza Basilicata, 1st |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Dinasudar

abstract: Dinasudar is an Indian Tamil-language daily newspaper that was started in February 1964 by Dr. B. S. Mani. It primarily targeted the Tamil audience in Bengaluru, Karnataka, with circulation reaching the Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu. In the late 2000s it expanded to publishing from Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, as well. Dr. Mani also brought out first Kannada-Evening called Sanjevani.

text:
# Dinasudar

***Dinasudar*** is an Indian Tamil-language daily newspaper that was started in February 1964 by Dr. B. S. Mani. It primarily targeted the Tamil audience in Bengaluru, Karnataka, with circulation reaching the Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu. In the late 2000s it expanded to publishing from Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, as well.

Dr. Mani also brought out first Kannada-Evening called Sanjevani.

## InfoBox

Dinasudar
| Type | Daily newspaper |
| --- | --- |
| Format | Broadsheet |
| Owner(s) | B.S.Mani |
| Publisher | B.S.Mani |
| Editor | B.S.Mani |
| Political alignment | Neutral |
| Language | Tamil |
| Headquarters | Bangalore, Karnataka |
| Website | http://www.dinasudar.co.in/ |


title: Daniella Kolodny

abstract:
Daniella Kolodny is the first female rabbi enlisted in the United States Naval Academy, which she joined in 2004. She was ordained by the Jewish Theological Seminary that year.
In 2010 the Conservative Rabbinical Assembly appointed Kolodny as its Community Development Coordinator. She was born in Jerusalem but raised in Maryland, and earned a degree in international relations from the Pardee School of Global Studies at Boston University, as well as master's degrees in public administration and Jewish communally service from Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion in Los Angeles.

text:
# Daniella Kolodny

**Daniella Kolodny** is the first female rabbi enlisted in the United States Naval Academy, which she joined in 2004. She was ordained by the Jewish Theological Seminary that year. In 2010 the Conservative Rabbinical Assembly appointed Kolodny as its Community Development Coordinator.

She was born in Jerusalem but raised in Maryland, and earned a degree in international relations from the Pardee School of Global Studies at Boston University, as well as master's degrees in public administration and Jewish communally service from Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion in Los Angeles.


title: FIBT World Championships 1985

abstract: The FIBT World Championships 1985 took place in Cervinia, Italy for the third time, having hosted the event previously in 1971 and 1975. Except for competitions in St. Moritz, Switzerland and Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, it would be the last time a championship would be hosted on a naturally refrigerated track with all other competitions taking place on artificially refrigerated ones.

text:
# FIBT World Championships 1985

The **FIBT World Championships 1985** took place in Cervinia, Italy for the third time, having hosted the event previously in 1971 and 1975. Except for competitions in St. Moritz, Switzerland and Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, it would be the last time a championship would be hosted on a naturally refrigerated track with all other competitions taking place on artificially refrigerated ones.

## Two man bobsleigh

| Pos | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gold | East Germany (Wolfgang Hoppe, Dietmar Schauerhammer) |  |
| Silver | East Germany (Detlef Richter, Steffen Grummt) |  |
| Bronze | Soviet Union (Sintis Ekmanis, Nikolay Zhirov) |  |

The Soviets earned their first medal at these championships.

## Four man bobsleigh

| Pos | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gold | East Germany (Bernhard Lehmann, Matthias Trübner, Ingo Voge, Steffen Grummt) |  |
| Silver | East Germany (Detlef Richter, Dietmar Jerke, Bodo Ferl, Matthias Legler) |  |
| Bronze | Switzerland (Silvio Giobellina, Heinz Stettler, Urs Salzmann, Rico Freiermuth) |  |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | East Germany (GDR) | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
| 2 | Soviet Union (URS) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Switzerland (SUI) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (3 entries) | | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |

## InfoBox

| 1985 World Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Cervinia, Italy |
|


title: Joseph Anderson Panton

abstract: Joseph Anderson Panton was a Scottish-born Australian magistrate and goldfields commissioner.

text:
# Joseph Anderson Panton

**Joseph Anderson Panton** CMG (2 June 1831 – 25 October 1913) was a Scottish-born Australian magistrate and goldfields commissioner.

## Biography

Panton was born in Knockiemil, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, the son of John Panton (of the Hudson's Bay Company service) and his wife Alexina McKay, *née* Anderson. Joseph Panton was educated at the Scottish Naval and Military Academy, developing an interest in drawing. He later studied geology amongst other subjects at the University of Edinburgh, but did not finish a degree.

Panton's uncle, Colonel Joseph Anderson, suggested that he migrate to Australia; Panton arrived in Sydney aboard the *Thomas Arbuthnot* in March 1851. He then went to the Port Phillip District. After farming briefly at Mangalore, Panton tried for gold without luck at Mount Alexander. Then Panton applied for a position as an officer in the gold escort and was appointed assistant commissioner in 1852 at Kangaroo Gully near Bendigo, Victoria. A year later he was senior assistant commissioner at Bendigo and then senior commissioner in 1854.

Panton investigated resentment against the Chinese gold-diggers and recommended a Chinese protectorate; this was adopted by Governor Charles Hotham in 1855. Panton had helped to organize the Melbourne Exhibition in 1854 and was a commissioner for the Melbourne International Exhibition (1880).

In 1858, Panton went to Scotland and then to Paris to study art with a friend of his, Hubert de Castella. On Panton's return to Australia, he was appointed warden and magistrate at the Jamieson-Wood's Point and next at the Anderson's Creek goldfields. Panton then became magistrate at Heidelberg, where he also mapped the Yarra Valley, naming Panton Hill. Panton's Gap where the road to Ben Cairn and Donna Buang branches from the Don Road near Healesville, Victoria derives its name from a small house he had there. He also named Mount Donna Buang which he first called Mount Acland but renamed it after learning the Aboriginal name. From Heidelberg, Panton was transferred to Geelong and moved to Melbourne as senior magistrate from 1874 to 1907.

Panton was active in the Victorian Artists Association and the Victorian Academy of Art which developed into the Victorian Artists Society. A fellow of the Royal Geographical Society (London), Panton was also vice-president of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, Victorian Branch.

In 1895 Panton declined the honour of knighthood but was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG). Predeceased by his wife, he died at St. Kilda, Victoria on 25 October 1913, and was buried at St Kilda Cemetery. He was survived by two daughters, one of whom, Alice, was a well-known portrait painter.

In 1882, the Victorian government botanist, Ferdinand von Mueller named a newly described plant from Western Australia, *Eremophila pantonii* in his honour.


title: Elmer Belt Library of Vinciana

abstract: The Elmer Belt Library of Vinciana is a special collection at the University of California, Los Angeles which focuses on Leonardo da Vinci – life, art, thought, and enduring cultural influence. It is the most extensive research collection concerning Leonardo in the United States. It was donated to UCLA in several installments between 1961 and 1966 by Dr. Elmer Belt (1893-1980), an internationally recognized urologist; a pioneer in gender-affirming surgery; a strong supporter in the founding of the UCLA School of Medicine; an important public health advocate; and a lifelong bibliophile and book collector. The Elmer Belt Library of Vinciana was officially dedicated in 1966 when UCLA opened in its Dickson Art Center a suite of wood-paneled and antique-filled rooms especially designed to house Belt’s collection. However, in 2002, the Dickson Art Center was transformed into the Broad Art Center, and the Belt Library was removed from its quarters and ultimately its holdings were integrated into UCLA Library Special Collections.

text:
# Elmer Belt Library of Vinciana

The **Elmer Belt Library of Vinciana** is a special collection at the University of California, Los Angeles which focuses on Leonardo da Vinci   life, art, thought, and enduring cultural influence. It is the most extensive research collection concerning Leonardo in the United States. It was donated to UCLA in several installments between 1961 and 1966 by Dr. Elmer Belt (1893-1980), an internationally recognized urologist; a pioneer in gender-affirming surgery; a strong supporter in the founding of the UCLA School of Medicine; an important public health advocate; and a lifelong bibliophile and book collector.

The Elmer Belt Library of Vinciana was officially dedicated in 1966 when UCLA opened in its Dickson Art Center a suite of wood-paneled and antique-filled rooms especially designed to house Belt’s collection. However, in 2002, the Dickson Art Center was transformed into the Broad Art Center, and the Belt Library was removed from its quarters and ultimately its holdings were integrated into UCLA Library Special Collections.

## Development of the collection

Dr. Belt’s fascination with Leonardo was kindled while he was in medical school (1917–20) at the University of California, San Francisco, where he took an elective class in the history of medicine from the noted anatomist, George W. Corner. During the class, Corner introduced him to Leonardo. Captivated by Leonardo’s anatomical studies, Belt purchased a 1901 facsimile edition of Anatomical Manuscript B published by Teodoro Sabachnikoff, his first item of Vinciana. Some years later Belt finally tracked down the companion volume, *Dell’Anatomia, Fogli A,* published in 1898*.* By then he had begun to formulate his ambition to assemble the world’s best and most complete collection devoted to Leonardo.

Belt did not labor alone. Two remarkable collaborators worked alongside him. One was Jake Zeitlin (1902-1987), dean of California antiquarian booksellers. Around 1928, Belt recruited Zeitlin to acquire two copies of Ettore Verga’s *Bibliografia Vinciana 1493-1930,* a monumental two-volume bibliography of all books by and about Leonardo published in 1931, saying, “I will keep one and you keep one, and I want you to get me every book in there.”

Belt’s second partner, Kate Steinitz (1889-1975) was equally instrumental in building the Belt collection. Steinitz, a refugee from Nazism, emigrated to America in the thirties. An accomplished artist, intimately acquainted with the European avant-garde (including Kurt Schwitters, to whom she devoted an important study), Steinitz also maintained a lively interest in the history of art. Arriving in New York in 1936 and learning that Zeitlin was anxious to purchase Leonardo materials, she volunteered to scout for him. She quickly impressed Zeitlin with her first major find: a copy of Luca Pacioli's *Divina proportione* of 1509. From that point forward, Steinitz proved indispensable. In 1945 she was hired as Belt's personal librarian, and she ultimately became a widely esteemed Leonardo scholar. Her bibliography of Leonardo's *Treatise on Painting* remains unsurpassed, and she made the Belt Library a center of the far-flung world of international Leonardo scholarship. In 1969 the city of Vinci formally recognized Steinitz's contributions, inviting her to deliver the annual Lettura Vinciana.

Until the collection’s transfer to UCLA beginning in 1961, it was housed at 1893 Wilshire Boulevard in downtown Los Angeles on the second floor of the office building that Belt had purchased for his medical practice, the Belt Urologic Group.

## Collection overview and highlights

Dr. Belt's Leonardo da Vinci collection was his major undertaking as a collector. He aimed to build the most extensive collection on Leonardo in the world by acquiring (1) all editions of Leonardo’s works in facsimile; (2) all published works known to have been consulted by Leonardo in the editions the artist used (“Leonardo’s Library”); (3) many early-printed books important to the history of art, beginning with Giorgio Vasari’s *Lives of the Artists*; and (4) modern scholarly literature on Leonardo and his legacy in the arts and sciences. He also ultimately acquired all printed editions of Leonardo’s *Treatise on Painting* plus two important manuscript versions of the *Treatise* that preceded the first printed edition; and a collection of Leonardo-related graphic arts materials, such as prints after the artist’s so-called "grotesques."

The Belt Library contains 60 incunabula. It also contains many fifteenth- and sixteenth-century architectural treatises, from Leon Battista Alberti's *De re aedificatoria* of 1485 to the treatises of Sebastiano Serlio, Andrea Palladio, Gian Paolo Lomazzo, Vincenzo Scamozzi, and Vignola. It also contains a comprehensive collection of early art treatises and biographical works (e.g., those by Giorgio Vasari, Giovanni Pietro Bellori, Filippo Baldinucci, and Giovanni Battista Passeri.) In addition, there are treatises on perspective, studies of human and animal anatomy, and works on engineering, warfare, and mathematics. Among its other notable holdings are an exceptionally fine copy of the *Nuremberg Chronicle (1493)*; the first book containing a printed mention of Leonardo, Bernardo Bellincioni's *Rime* (1493); and a first edition of Andreas Vesalius’s *De humani corporis fabrica (1543).*

Several of the Belt Library's rare books are particularly remarkable for their provenances. Franchino Gaffurio, choirmaster of Milan Cathedral and author of two seminal musical treatises, penned an ownership inscription in the Belt copy of Plutarch's *Vitae (Guinta, 1491)*. Especially important from an art historical point of view is a copy of Francesco Scannelli's *Microcosmo della Pittur*a (1657), owned and annotated in succession by painter Francesco Albani, a major representative of the Carracci school; and Francesco Gabburri, a diplomat, painter, art collector, and biographer of artists. In volume two of his *Felsina Pittrice* of 1678, Carlo Cesare Malvasia, in his biography of Albani, quotes extensively from Albani's marginalia. The Belt Library also holds Edward Burne-Jones's interleaved copy of Vasari's *Lives of the Artists* in the English translation of Mrs. Jonathan Foster.

The Belt Library contains as well several notable manuscripts. A brief document by Michelangelo describes a meeting with Pope Clement VII at San Miniato al Tedesco in 1533, mentioning that the artist was at the time caring for a horse belonging to his friend the painter Sebastiano del Piombo. Especially important is a notarial document on vellum in the hand of Leonardo's father, Ser Piero da Vinci. Dated 8 November 1458, this document is the contract for the sale of a house and properties outside Florence. One of the finest pieces in the library is an illuminated initial leaf from a copy of printer Nicholas Jenson’s 1476 edition of Pliny’s *Naturalis historia*. The striking border decoration is attributed by Wilhelm Suida to the miniaturist Cristoforo de Predis, active in Milan circa 1471-86. (Cristoforo's brothers Ambrogio and Evangelista were Leonardo's business partners during his prolonged sojourn in Milan at the end of the fifteenth century.) Perhaps the loveliest piece in the Belt Library is a pencil study by Edgar Degas, after Leonardo's Uffizi *Adoration of the Magi* in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. The sketch is inscribed in the upper right-hand corner “Florence 1869. Leonard de Vinci” and in the lower left-hand corner is the red stamp “Degas” from the Durand-Ruel inventory created after Degas’ death.

## Carlo Pedretti (1928-2018) and the Belt Library

In the late 1950s, Kate Steinitz learned through her friends in Europe of a young Leonardo scholar named Carlo Pedretti, who had published his first article on Leonardo at the age of 16 and who had established himself as a leading authority in his field by the age of 20. Steinitz and Belt arranged to bring Carlo Pedretti to California; he joined the faculty of UCLA’s Art History Department in 1960. He served in this position for 38 years, during which time his scholarship and teaching animated the Belt Library and raised its profile in the international academic community. A highly productive scholar, Pedretti published 60 books and more than 500 essays, articles, and exhibition catalogues. From 1988-97, he was the editor of *Achademia Leonardi Vinci: Journal of Leonardo Studies and Bibliography of Vinciana.*

## Additional gifts to the Belt Library of Vinciana

During the Belt Library’s early years at UCLA, the collection was augmented with donations of rare materials from scholars Lynn White Jr. (a UCLA historian specializing in medieval technology and social change); Ladislao Reti (an Italian scholar and friend of Pedretti’s who was an authority on the technological work of Leonardo); and Bern Dibner (an American rare book collector and historian of science and technology).

## Belt librarians during the UCLA years

Frances L. Finger was Belt Librarian from sometime in the 1960s until her death in 1975. During her tenure, she researched and published *Catalogue of the Incunabula in the Elmer Belt Library of Vinciana,* a work of impressive scholarship that traces the relevance of the Library’s fifteenth-century books to the study of Leonardo.

Victoria Steele led the Elmer Belt Library of Vinciana from 1975-1981. During her tenure, she published “The First Italian Printing of Leonardo da Vinci’s *Treatise on Painting”*; and for an exhibition focused on Belt Library holdings mounted by the University of Southern California, she published *The Heritage of Leonardo da Vinci: Materials from the Elmer Belt Library of Vinciana at the University of Southern California Art Galleries* and made the presentation, "The Elmer Belt Library at UCLA: The Collector, the Curator, and Leonardo da Vinci."

Max Marmor was Belt Librarian from 1982-88. During his tenure, he published “In Obscure Rebellion: The Collector Elmer Belt” and a history and overview of the Belt Library, “The Elmer Belt Library of Vinciana,” in *The Book Collector*.

## The Belt Library's integration into UCLA Library Special Collections

Dr. Franklin Murphy, UCLA Chancellor from 1961–68, encouraged and supported Dr. Belt’s donation of his collection to UCLA, and Murphy directed that an elegant suite be specially created for it within the Art Library in UCLA’s Dickson Art Center. The suite consisted of two wood-paneled rooms, furnished with Renaissance furniture, antiques, artwork, and art objects, some of which were donated by the Kress Foundation and others of which were donated by collector and industrialist Norton Simon.

Though Belt desired an institutional home for his collection, he worried, during the planning phase of his donation to UCLA, that at some point in the future his library might be integrated into the university library’s overall collection. In a letter dated June 29, 1961, Murphy wrote to Dr. Belt to dispel the “notion that we would propose to integrate your library into our total library holdings in such a way that your library might lose its identification. I therefore hasten to make one thing crystal clear. It is the firm and unalterable intention of all of us that this library will be known in perpetuity as the Elmer Belt Library of Vinciana.”

In 2000, Eli and Edythe Broad, prominent Los Angeles philanthropists and art collectors, donated $23.2 million to UCLA in order to revamp Dickson Art Center and convert it into an on-campus center for studio art. They aimed to provide improved facilities for interactive multimedia, expanded studio space, updated classrooms, and galleries for student exhibitions and public presentations. Then-UCLA Executive Vice Chancellor Daniel Neuman decided that Dickson Art Center should no longer house the Art Library, including the Elmer Belt Library of Vinciana. As a result, the Art Library was relocated to a space in the Meyer & Renee Luskin Public Affairs building that had formerly housed the business school’s library. However, the square footage of the new space was smaller by almost exactly the square footage needed to accommodate the Belt Library. In the absence of a solution to this problem, the University sent the Belt Library’s furniture and antiques to off-site storage. The books and manuscripts were transferred to Library Special Collections, where former Belt Librarian Victoria Steele was serving as director. She ensured that the Belt Library’s rarities were shelved as a distinct collection within its rare book stacks. Reference items and some other secondary materials were eventually relocated to the Southern Regional Library Facility (SRLF) on the UCLA campus.

The collection remains accessible through Library Special Collections, although it is no longer possible to cross-consult multiple sources.

## Printed sources

Marmor, Max. "The Elmer Belt Library of Vinciana." *The Book Collector* 38, no. 3 (Autumn 1989): 1-23.

Pedretti, Carlo. *Leonardo da Vinci: Studies for a Nativity and the 'Mona Lisa Cartoon' with Drawings after Leonardo from the Elmer Belt Library of Vinciana: Exhibition in Honour of Elmer Belt, M.D. on the Occasion of his Eightieth Birthday.* Los Angeles: University of California, 1973.

*Surgeon and Bibliophile: Elmer Belt.* Oral History Transcript; interviewed by Esther de Vécsey between 1974-75. Los Angeles: Oral History Program, University of California, Los Angeles, 1983.

## Digital sources

## Archival sources

* Elmer Belt Papers 1920-1980, bulk 1958-1978. Louise M. Darling Biomedical Library History and Special Collections for the Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles. **Opened for research 2020.**
    + Note: the papers contain very little prior to 1958. In that year, a fire in Belt's medical offices seem destroyed almost everything dated earlier than 1958. in addition, access is restricted for some materials owing to patient or legal confidentiality protocols.

34°04′27″N 118°26′20″W / 34.07419°N 118.43889°W / 34.07419; -118.43889


title: Calétric of Chartres

abstract: Calétric or Colétric of Chartres was a 6th-century French bishop and saint. His name is also spelled as Caletricus, Chaletricus or Chalactericus whilst in French, it appears in the popular forms of Caltry or Calais, probably caused by the confusion with the abbot-saint of Le Maine. His feast day is on 4 September. His predecessor as bishop of Chartres was Lubin of Chartres, who was last mentioned in 551. Caletric died before 573, the year when his successor Pappolus took part in a council in Paris. However, as the council was called by Sigebert I on splitting the diocese of Chartres, Calétric probably died shortly before the council started. According to Fortunatus, he died at the age of 38. Calétric is only contemporaneously known from his attendance at two other councils held - one in Paris sometime between 557 and 563, and the other in Tours in 567 or 568. He also appeared in a 9th century work entitled Life of Saint Lubin, which stated that he was once a young priest of noble birth, with a sister named Mallegonde.

text:
# Calétric of Chartres

**Calétric** or **Colétric of Chartres** was a 6th-century French bishop and saint. His name is also spelled as *Caletricus*, *Chaletricus* or *Chalactericus* (in Venantius Fortunatus) whilst in French, it appears in the popular forms of **Caltry** or **Calais**, probably caused by the confusion with the abbot-saint of Le Maine. His feast day is on 4 September.

His predecessor as bishop of Chartres was Lubin of Chartres, who was last mentioned in 551. Caletric died before 573, the year when his successor Pappolus took part in a council in Paris. However, as the council was called by Sigebert I on splitting the diocese of Chartres, Calétric probably died shortly before the council started. According to Fortunatus, he died at the age of 38.

Calétric is only contemporaneously known from his attendance at two other councils held - one in Paris sometime between 557 and 563, and the other in Tours in 567 or 568. He also appeared in a 9th century work entitled *Life of Saint Lubin*, which stated that he was once a young priest of noble birth, with a sister named Mallegonde.

## InfoBox

| Calétric of Chartres | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Chartres | |
| Stained-glass window of Calétric in Chartres Cathedral (bay # 134, right lancet) | |
| Diocese | Roman Catholic Diocese of Chartres |
| Personal details | |
| Died | c.573 |
| Sainthood | |
| Feast day | * 4 September (Roman martyrology) * 8 October (Diocese of Chartres) |
| Venerated in | Catholic Church |


title: Satan Met a Lady

abstract: Satan Met a Lady is a 1936 American detective film directed by William Dieterle and starring Bette Davis and Warren William. The screenplay by Brown Holmes is a loose adaptation of the 1929 novel The Maltese Falcon by Dashiell Hammett.

text:
# Satan Met a Lady

***Satan Met a Lady*** is a 1936 American detective film directed by William Dieterle and starring Bette Davis and Warren William.

The screenplay by Brown Holmes is a loose adaptation of the 1929 novel *The Maltese Falcon* by Dashiell Hammett.

## Plot

Private detective Ted Shane returns to work with his former partner Ames, who is not particularly happy about the situation because his wife Astrid dated Ted before they were wed.

Valerie Purvis hires the detectives to locate a man called Farrow, and when both Ames and Farrow are found dead, Shane is suspected of both murders.

Shane finds his office and apartment have been ransacked and his secretary Miss Murgatroyd has been locked in a closet by Anthony Travers, who is in search of an 8th-century ram's horn rumored to be filled with jewels. Madame Barabbas is also searching for the treasure and sends a gunman to bring Shane to her.

Working all sides of the street, Shane makes deals with each of them to find the horn, and eventually winds up in possession of a package allegedly containing it, but it turns out to be full of sand instead of jewels.

The police round up all the suspects, but Shane and Valerie escape. He baits her into confessing to Ames's murder and tries to apprehend her for the $10,000 reward, but Valerie thwarts him by allowing a washroom attendant to turn her in to the police instead. Miss Murgatroyd then shows up and claims Shane for her own.

## Cast

## Production

Since they already owned the screen rights to the Dashiell Hammett novel *The Maltese Falcon*, economical Warner Bros. executives decided to film another version of the book and assigned contract writer Brown Holmes to pen the screenplay. Showing little regard for the original material, Holmes converted its object of desire  a jewel-encrusted statuette of a falcon  into a ram's horn filled with precious gems, changed character names (Sam Spade became "Ted Shane"), altered the sex of one of the criminal masterminds from male to female, and retitled the story, first to *The Man in the Black Hat* and then *Men on Her Mind*.

Filming began on December 1, 1935, although leading lady Bette Davis, upset that she was being forced to film "junk" after completing a prestige project like *The Petrified Forest*, failed to report to the set. "I was so distressed by the whole tone of the script and the vapidity of my part that I marched up to Mr. Warner's office and demanded that I be given work that was commensurate with my proven ability," she later recalled in her autobiography. "I was promised wonderful things if only I would do this film." She was suspended on December 3 and, angry and resentful but in need of her salary to cover living expenses for her mother and medical care for her sister, she reported to work three days later.

Upon completion of principal photography, art director Max Parker assembled a rough cut that so confused studio heads they assigned Warren Low to re-edit it. It was released on July 22, 1936, retitled *Satan Met a Lady* (the book had a line describing Sam Spade as looking "rather pleasantly like a blonde Satan"). By then, Davis was in London, having been placed on suspension for refusing to portray a lumberjack in *God's Country and the Woman*. In later years, she recalled insisting "I won't do it! *Satan Met a Lady* was bad enough, but this is *absolute tripe*."

## Critical reception

Bosley Crowther of the *New York Times* called the film "a cynical farce of elaborate and sustained cheapness" that "deserves to be quoted as a classic of dullness" and observed, "Without taking sides in a controversy of such titanic proportions, it is no more than gallantry to observe that if Bette Davis had not effectually espoused her own cause against the Warners recently by quitting her job, the Federal Government eventually would have had to step in and do something about her. After viewing *Satan Met a Lady* … all thinking people must acknowledge that a Bette Davis Reclamation Project (BDRP) to prevent the waste of this gifted lady's talents would not be a too-drastic addition to our various programs for the conservation of natural resources." He concluded, "So disconnected and lunatic are the picture's incidents, so irrelevant and monstrous its people, that one lives through it in constant expectation of seeing a group of uniformed individuals appear suddenly from behind the furniture and take the entire cast into protective custody. There is no story, merely a farrago of nonsense representing a series of practical studio compromises with an unworkable script. It is the kind of mistake over which the considerate and discreet thing is to draw the veil of silence."

*Variety'*s 1936 review was less vitriolic but hardly enthusiastic. "This is an inferior remake of \[1931's\] *The Maltese Falcon*.... Many changes have been made in story structure as well as title, but none is an improvement." It noted that both Davis's and William's credits were dropped "below the title" and that "Davis has much less to do than at least one other femme member of the cast." There were mixed impressions of William: while Ricardo Cortez's Sam Spade in the 1931 picture had been "natural and amusing, \[William\] and his satiric crime detection are now forced and unnatural." Yet at the same time, "his performance is all that keeps the picture moving in many lagging moments." In summary, the review said, "There's hardly any mystery in this version. The comedy isn't strong enough to fill the bill."

*Time Out London* noted that although the film can't compare to the 1941 screen adaptation of the Hammett novel, "Thanks to Dieterle's stylishly witty direction and excellent performances, it's nevertheless enjoyably and quirkily funny, at least until just before the end, when a whole wedge of undigested plot exposition suddenly catches up with the action."

## InfoBox

| Satan Met a Lady | |
| --- | --- |
| Original poster | |
| Directed by | William Dieterle |
| Screenplay by | Brown Holmes |
| Based on | *The Maltese Falcon*
by Dashiell Hammett |
| Produced by | Henry Blanke |
| Starring | Bette Davis
Warren William |
| Cinematography | Arthur Edeson |
| Edited by | Warren Low |
| Music by | Bernhard Kaun
Heinz Roemheld |
| Distributed by | Warner Bros. |
| Release date | * July 22, 1936 (1936-07-22) |
| Running time | 74 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Calliandra humilis

abstract: Calliandra humilis, the dwarf stickpea, is a species of flowering plants of the genus Calliandra in the family Fabaceae.

text:
# Calliandra humilis

***Calliandra humilis***, the **dwarf stickpea**, is a species of flowering plants of the genus *Calliandra* in the family Fabaceae.

## Uses

The Zuni people use the powdered root of this plant three times a day for rashes.

## InfoBox

| *Calliandra humilis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Caesalpinioideae |
| *Clade*: | Mimosoid clade |
| Genus: | *Calliandra* |
| Species: | ***C. humilis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Calliandra humilis***<br>Benth. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Acacia humilis* Schltdl. * *Anneslia herbacea* (A.Gray) Britton & Rose * *Anneslia humilis* Britton & Rose * *Calliandra herbacea* A.Gray * *Calliandra herbacea* Engelm. * *Calliandra humilis* B.L.Turner * *Feuilleea humilis* Kuntze | |


title: Callionymus semeiophor

abstract: Callionymus semeiophor, the Nusa Tenggara deepwater dragonet, is a species of dragonet native to the Pacific Ocean around Indonesia. This species grows to a length of 11.3 centimetres (4.4 in) SL.

text:
# Callionymus semeiophor

***Callionymus semeiophor***, the **Nusa Tenggara deepwater dragonet**, is a species of dragonet native to the Pacific Ocean around Indonesia. This species grows to a length of 11.3 centimetres (4.4 in) SL.

## InfoBox

| *Callionymus semeiophor* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Callionymiformes |
| Family: | Callionymidae |
| Genus: | *Callionymus* |
| Species: | ***C. semeiophor*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Callionymus semeiophor***<br>R. Fricke, 1983 | |
|


title: Callionymus platycephalus

abstract: Callionymus platycephalus, the flathead dragonet, is a species of dragonet endemic to the Pacific waters around the Philippines where it occurs from the surface to 48 metres (157 ft). This species grows to a length of 8.6 centimetres (3.4 in) SL.

text:
# Callionymus platycephalus

***Callionymus platycephalus***, the **flathead dragonet**, is a species of dragonet endemic to the Pacific waters around the Philippines where it occurs from the surface to 48 metres (157 ft). This species grows to a length of 8.6 centimetres (3.4 in) SL.

## InfoBox

| *Callionymus platycephalus* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Callionymiformes |
| Family: | Callionymidae |
| Genus: | *Callionymus* |
| Species: | ***C. platycephalus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Callionymus platycephalus***
R. Fricke, 1983 | |
|


title: Cambridge International School (Moscow)

abstract: CIS International School is a family of international schools and kindergartens, which are part of CIS Education Group. School was founded in 2009 and now has over 600 students from more than 20 different countries. Children from expatriate families and prominent Russian families study Cambridge International Curriculum provided by Cambridge International Examinations, the world’s largest provider of international education programmes and qualifications for 5–19 year olds. CIS Russia offers Early Years Preschool (2–5 years), Cambridge Primary (5–11 years), Cambridge Secondary 1 (11–14 years), Cambridge Secondary 2 and Cambridge Advanced. CIE qualifications are recognised for admission by UK universities as well as universities in the United States, Canada, European Union, Middle East, West Asia, New Zealand, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and around the world.

text:
# Cambridge International School (Moscow)

**CIS International School** is a family of international schools and kindergartens, which are part of CIS Education Group. School was founded in 2009 and now has over 600 students from more than 20 different countries. Children from expatriate families (embassy workers or employees of multinational companies) and prominent Russian families study Cambridge International Curriculum provided by Cambridge International Examinations, the world’s largest provider of international education programmes and qualifications for 5–19 year olds. CIS Russia offers Early Years Preschool (2–5 years), Cambridge Primary (5–11 years), Cambridge Secondary 1 (11–14 years), Cambridge Secondary 2 (14–16 years, IGCSE) and Cambridge Advanced (16–19 years, A-levels and Cambridge Pre-U). CIE qualifications are recognised for admission by UK universities (including Cambridge) as well as universities in the United States, Canada, European Union, Middle East, West Asia, New Zealand, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and around the world.

## Campuses

CIS Education Group has following campuses:

* Campus 1 – CIS Skolkovo Campus, located in Russia (Early Years, Primary school, Secondary School and Sixth Form)
* Campus 2 – CIS Moscow Campus, located in Russia (Early Years, Primary school, Secondary School and Sixth Form)
* Campus 3 – CIS Saint Petersburg Campus, located in Russia (Early Years, Primary school, Secondary School and Sixth Form)
* Campus 4 – CIS Tashkent Campus, located in Uzbekistan (Early Years, Primary school, Secondary School and Sixth Form)
* Campus 5 – CIS Gorki Campus, located in Russia (Early Years, Primary school, Secondary School and Sixth Form)

## Tuition fees

The tuition fees range from 900 00 RUB + 5 000 EUR to 1 300 000 RUB + 7 500 EUR, but does not include transport services, private lessons, summer courses, and the school uniform.


title: Cambridge Investment Research

abstract: Cambridge Investment Research Incorporation is a United States-based broker-dealer and asset management firm headquartered in Fairfield, Iowa. The company was founded in 1981 and mainly works as a broker-dealer, but also manages investment assets through its subsidiary Cambridge Investment Research Advisors Inc. It is one of the largest independent broker-dealers in the United States.

text:
# Cambridge Investment Research

**Cambridge Investment Research Incorporation** is a United States-based broker-dealer and asset management firm headquartered in Fairfield, Iowa. The company was founded in 1981 and mainly works as a broker-dealer, but also manages investment assets through its subsidiary Cambridge Investment Research Advisors Inc.

It is one of the largest independent broker-dealers in the United States.

## History

Cambridge Investment Research was founded in 1985 by Eric Schwartz. As of 2010 it was still controlled by its founder, and was one of the biggest broker/dealers in the US.

In January 2017, Schwartz stepped out of the CEO role and was made Executive Chairman, and Amy Webber was made CEO in addition to her role as president.

As of 2017, the company was structured as a holding company, Cambridge Investment Group, Inc., that comprised multiple broker-dealers and registered investment adviser subsidiaries, including: Cambridge Investment Research Advisors, Inc. and Cambridge Investment Research, Inc.

In April 2016, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission charged Cambridge Investment Research Advisors with failing to adequately supervise an employee who defrauded at least 47 advisory clients and engaged in unsuitable trading in some clients’ accounts. The company settled the case by paying a $225,000 penalty.

Webber joined the FINRA Board of Governors in August 2017.

## Investments

The company's top 5 holdings as of March 2017 were:

| **Number** | **Security** | **Number of shares** | **Percentage of portfolio** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Vanguard Index Funds | *1,465,520* | 5.41 % |
| 2. | Vanguard Star Fund Vg Tl | *4,621,250* | 3.92 % |
| 3. | iShares Trust | *519,318* | 2.1 % |
| 4. | Vanguard Charlotte Funds | *1,991,962* | 1.84 % |
| 5. | Vanguard Bond Index Funds | *1,166,494* | 1.61 % |

## InfoBox

Cambridge Investment Research
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Financial services |
| Founded | 1981 (1981) |
| Founder | Eric Schwartz |
| Headquarters | Fairfield, Iowa, United States |
| Key people | Eric Schwartz
(Chairman)
Amy Lynn Webber
(CEO & President) |
| Products | Broker-dealer services
Asset management |
| AUM | US$100 billion (2019) |
| Parent | Cambridge Investment Group |
| Website | www.cir2.com |


abstract: The Cambridge Inter-Collegiate Christian Union, usually known as CICCU, is the University of Cambridge's most prominent student Christian organisation, and was the first university Christian Union to have been founded. It was formed in 1877, but can trace its origins back to the formation of the Jesus Lane Sunday School in 1827 and the Cambridge Prayer Union in 1848. CICCU's stated purpose is "to make Jesus Christ known to students in Cambridge". Currently CICCU runs two main outreach activities – 'Events Week' in Lent term, and 'Big Questions' lunches on Fridays in St Andrew the Great which feature short talks and Q&As about questions of life and faith – along with a variety of occasional events, and bigger activities in colleges. Students in many other universities followed Cambridge's lead in forming their own Christian Unions, beginning with OICCU being founded in Oxford in 1879. Initially CICCU was part of the Student Christian Movement, which it left in 1910 to provide a specifically conservative evangelical ministry in Cambridge. Again, OICCU and other Unions followed them in this move, and together they founded the Inter-Varsity Fellowship of Evangelical Unions in 1928, which now the Universities and Colleges Christian Fellowship or UCCF. UCCF spread to Canada in the same year and later to the United States, Australia, New Zealand and across the globe.

text:
# Cambridge Inter-Collegiate Christian Union

The **Cambridge Inter-Collegiate Christian Union**, usually known as **CICCU**, is the University of Cambridge's most prominent student Christian organisation, and was the first university Christian Union to have been founded. It was formed in 1877, but can trace its origins back to the formation of the Jesus Lane Sunday School in 1827 and the Cambridge Prayer Union in 1848. CICCU's stated purpose is "to make Jesus Christ known to students in Cambridge".

Currently CICCU runs two main outreach activities – 'Events Week' in Lent term, and 'Big Questions' lunches on Fridays in St Andrew the Great which feature short talks and Q&As about questions of life and faith – along with a variety of occasional events, and bigger activities in colleges.

Students in many other universities followed Cambridge's lead in forming their own Christian Unions, beginning with OICCU being founded in Oxford in 1879. Initially CICCU was part of the Student Christian Movement, which it left in 1910 to provide a specifically conservative evangelical ministry in Cambridge. Again, OICCU and other Unions followed them in this move, and together they founded the Inter-Varsity Fellowship of Evangelical Unions in 1928, which now the Universities and Colleges Christian Fellowship or UCCF. UCCF spread to Canada in the same year and later to the United States, Australia (Australian Fellowship of Evangelical Students), New Zealand (Tertiary Students Christian Fellowship) and across the globe.

## Membership declaration

Students who become members of CICCU are asked to sign the following statement, "I desire in joining this Union to declare my faith in Jesus Christ as my Saviour, my Lord and my God". This was one of the issues in the dispute with the SCM. However, this declaration is *not* necessary to attend any events, or become involved with helping.

## Leadership

CICCU is led by Christian students from a wide variety of backgrounds, united in a common desire to "make Jesus Christ known to students in Cambridge." Past CICCU members have included Josh Moody, Basil Atkinson, Helen Roseveare, John W. Wenham, John Stott and Vaughan Roberts. The leadership operates on two levels – university wide and within colleges. A committee of eight students, known as the Exec organise CICCU. Two reps in each college lead college events and meetings.

## Structure

There are weekly meetings in almost every college during term time – these include Bible study, prayer and praise. The college groups then meet together as a whole for Bible Teaching and prayer each week. The CICCU organises weekly talks, explaining what Christians believe, and discussion groups (Christianity Explored courses). The college groups organise termly events in the colleges where people can come and find out more about Christianity. Every year there is a high-publicity main event, during which events are held in most of the colleges and there are lunchtime and evening talks.

## Doctrinal basis

CICCU adopts the doctrinal basis of UCCF#Doctrinal basis, to which it is affiliated.

## Controversy

Attitudes towards homosexuality have been a particular area of controversy, in particular during their 2004 Promise Week event, in which it was alleged that homosexual relations were equated with bestiality. CICCU members deny that their organisation is anti-gay, stressing "equality in the sight of God", and point out that they love homosexual and heterosexual friends equally, as does God..

Recent comment on the CICCU has been more ambivalent – surprised by the intense focus on sharing rather than simply maintaining their faith, but impressed by the warmth of their welcome, and the depth of their conviction.

## Presidents

* 1877: A. Coote
* W. Mitchell-Carruthers
* 1877–78: J.C. Taylor
* 1878–79: G.H. Pole
* 1879–80: J. Harford-Battersby
* 1880-2: *Names lost*
* 1882–83: J.E.K. Studd
* 1883–84: I.B. Wane
* 1884–85: Hon. W.G. Scott
* 1885–86: E.D.M. Hamilton
* 1886–87: A. Klein
* 1887–88: R.M. Webb-Peploe
* 1888–89: D.W. Carr
* 1889–90: A. Rouse
* 1890–91: L.F.D. Blair
* 1891–92: C.T. Horan
* 1892–93: N. Bennett
* 1893–94: A.H. Swann
* 1894–95: F.T. Woods
* 1895–96: A.G. Dodderidge
* 1896–97: H.F. Buxton
* 1897–98: D.R. Barclay
* 1898–99: T.W. Thompson
* 1899–1900: J. Stenhouse
* 1900–01: W.G. Hardie
* 1901–02: R. Hodgkin
* 1902–03: S. Donnithorne
* 1903–04: G.A. Barclay
* 1904–05: D.P. Robinson (*afterwards* Brereton)
* 1905–06: J.R.S. Taylor
* 1906–07: A.E. Bradley
* 1907–08: R.L. Pelly
* 1908–09: H.N. Rodgers
* 1909–10: A.C.B. Bellerby
* 1910: G.F.B. Morris
* Lent 1911 – Easter 1912: H.W.K. Mowll
* 1912–13: G.B. Sellwood
* 1913–14: W.R.D. Robertson
* 1914–15: J.W.McK. Nicholl
* 1915–16: E.W. Hare
* 1916–17: G.R. Lindsay
* 1918–19: R.P. Dick
* 1919–20: B.G. Buxton
* Easter 1920: M.H. Webb-Peploe
* Michaelmas 1920: C.A. Martin
* Lent 1921 – Easter 1921: T.S. Goodwin
* 1921–22: C.H.M. Foster
* 1922–23: C.G. Webb-Peploe
* 1923–24: F.H. Pickering
* 1924–25: C.J.B. Harrison
* Michaelmas 1925: H.W. Boake
* Lent 1926 – Easter 1927: H.R. Gough
* 1927–28: K.H. Hooker
* 1928–29: N.A.L. Miller
* 1929–30: H.A.Evan Hopkins
* 1930–31: J.N.D. Anderson
* 1931–32: R.G. Allison
* 1932–33: R.J. Cobb
* 1933–34: C.G. Scorer
* 1934–35: H.T. Hughes
* 1935–36: B.C. Gough
* 1936–37: R.J. Knight
* 1937–38: R.J.B. Eddison
* 1938–39: D.C. Argyle
* 1939–40: F.D. Kidner
* 1940–41: R.F. Hettlinger
* Michaelmas 1941 – Michaelmas 1942: O.R. Barclay
* Lent 1943 – Easter 1943: J.D. Davis
* 1943–44: G.K. Barker
* 1944–45: J.H.F. Batstone
* 1945–46: R.S. Dell
* Michaelmas 1946: J.C. Pollock
* Lent 1947 – Easter 1947: J.A. Boyes
* Michaelmas 1947 – Lent 1948: G.F. Grobecker

*From this point the usual tenure was from the Easter Term of one year to the Lent Term of the next*

* 1948–49: D.J. Drew
* 1949–50: J.F. Sertin
* 1950–51: J.T.C.B. Collins
* 1951–52: M.C. Griffiths
* 1952–54: *Names lost*
* 1954–55: A.A.W. Kimpton
* 1955–58: *Name lost*
* 1958–59: J. Morris
* 1959–63: *Names lost*
* 1963–64: S. Baldock
* 1964–69: *Name lost*
* 1969–70: M. Cuthbertson
* 1970–71: M. Elston
* 1971–72: D. Evans
* 1972–73: D. Hunt
* 1973–74: R. Capper
* 1974-75: P. Doyle
* 1975–76: J. Glauert
* 1976–77: J. Samuel
* 1977–78: J. Partington
* 1978–79: P. Weston
* 1979–80: J. Barclay
* 1980–81: J. Stuart
* 1981–82: T. Green
* 1982–83: T. Pickett
* 1983–84: C. Naylor
* 1984–85: *Tim Law*
* 1985–86: I. McIntosh
* 1986–87: V.E. Roberts
* 1987–88: A. Horn
* 1988–89: K. Green
* 1989–90: T Thomas
* 1990–91: T. Cole
* 1991–92: J. Moody
* 1992–93: G. Treece
* 1993–94: U. Mayr-Harting
* 1994–95: J. Rea
* 1995–96: D. Horrocks
* 1996–97: J. Sidders
* 1997–98: D. Gobbett
* 1998–99: S. Wearn
* 1999–2000: J. White
* 2000–01: R. Mann
* 2001–02: R. Evans
* 2002–03: K. Butler
* 2003–04: J. Percival
* 2004–05: G. Shearer
* 2005–06: D. Pfeiffer
* 2006–07: B. Monteiro
* 2007–08: C. Butler
* 2008–09: J. Young
* 2009–10: M. Pilkington
* 2010–11: P. Hammersley
* 2011–12: C. Nickerson
* 2012–13: M. Lewis
* 2013–14: A. Greaves
* 2014–15: J. Thompson
* 2015–16: G. Sterlini
* 2016–17: D. Palmer
* 2017–18: J. Payne
* 2018–19: T. Colpus
* 2019–20: T. Saer
* 2020–21: A. Webb
* 2021–22: K. Heasman
* 2022–23: P. McCartney
* 2023–24: D. Read
* 2024–25: T. France

Sources in the Cambridge University Library

## Affiliation

* UCCF (Universities and Colleges Christian Fellowship)
* IFES (International Fellowship of Evangelical Students)

## Bibliography


abstract: The Cambridge International General Certificate of Education: Advanced Level is an international school-leaving qualification for admission to universities worldwide including the University of Cambridge, the University of Oxford, Harvard, Stanford and all Ivy League institutions.

text:
# Cambridge International General Certificate of Education

The **Cambridge International General Certificate of Education: Advanced Level** (formally also known as the **University of Cambridge International General Certificate of Education: Advanced Level** ; informally also known as **International (GCE) A-Level(s)**, **Cambridge (GCE) A-Level(s)** or **Cambridge International (GCE) AS and A Level**) is an *international* school-leaving qualification for admission to universities worldwide including the University of Cambridge, the University of Oxford, Harvard, Stanford and all Ivy League institutions.

## Overview

Cambridge International A-Levels are exam-based qualifications, which are created, corrected, administered and regulated by Cambridge (i.e. a sub-organization and a department of the University of Cambridge). Cambridge International A-Levels are the *international* variant of the British qualification of the same title. Cambridge International A-Levels are studied in over 10,000 schools worldwide in 160 countries including in Pakistan, India, China, Japan, Canada, United States, France, Germany, Russia, Australia, South Africa and in the United Kingdom.

## Structure and curriculum

Cambridge International A-Levels, although fundamentally similar, differ significantly in structure, format and content from the British variant. For example, examinations for Cambridge International A-Levels occur twice annually, in October/November and in May/June; whereas the examinations for the British qualification only take place once a year: in May/June. Nevertheless, Cambridge International A-Levels are recognized for admission to all universities in the United Kingdom.

Cambridge International A-Levels are generally studied and completed over a period of two years and terminated with written examinations. Students (also called "(exam) candidates") have the possibility to either complete all papers (papers=exams) for a Cambridge International A-Level qualification in one exam session or to follow a "staged assessment" route where they complete half of the papers necessary for a full Cambridge International A-Level credential and receive a Cambridge International "Advanced Subsidiary" Level (AS-Level) attestation; either as a stepping-stone for a full Cambridge International A-Level diploma or to attain an independent Cambridge International AS-Level certificate.

Cambridge offers examinations in 55 different subjects, including Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology and others such as Sciences as well as Social Sciences like Economics, Business Studies and languages such as English, French, German, Chinese or Arabic. A student typically studies four subjects at Cambridge International AS-Level and finishes three of those subjects at Cambridge International A-Level. Each subject a student completes receives a separate grade. The different grades are allocated according to "difficulty" in exams by applying a so-called "grade threshold" scheme. The grades are internationally recognized and contain clear guidelines for the explanations of the achieved standards. Cambridge International A-Levels are graded on a scale ranging from A\* (the highest grade) to E (the lowest passing grade). With Cambridge International AS-Levels there isn't an A\*; the grades here range from A to E.

There is complete flexibility in the choice and combination for the three subjects within Cambridge International A-Levels. A student may, therefore, decide for only three sciences (e.g. Maths, Physics & Chemistry) or only three humanities (e.g. English, French, History) or a combination of both (e.g. English, Maths, History). There is also no official obligation to complete the three subjects at a specific time: Since Cambridge International A-Levels are linear, most students complete the exams of their three subjects all at once at the end of their course. However, students may equally complete one subject after another at different stages of their studies.

## Recognition

The Cambridge International General Certificate of Education: Advanced Level is recognized for entrance to universities across the globe including in the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, China, Japan, Russia, Singapore, Egypt, Jordan, South Africa, the Netherlands, France, Germany and Spain.

Due to the Lisbon Recognition Convention, Cambridge International A-Levels are accepted for admission to universities in over 50 countries. Over 500 US universities and colleges accept Cambridge International AS- and A-Levels, including Stanford, Harvard and all Ivy League institutions. Numerous research studies have revealed that the Cambridge International General Certificate of Education – Advanced Level Programme is comparable to other, in the USA longer-established, educational qualifications, including the Advanced Placement (AP) credential and the International Baccalaureate Diploma (IB).

In the United Kingdom, Cambridge International A-Levels are recognized for admission to all universities (including Oxbridge).


title: Calomnion milleri

abstract: Calomnion milleri is a species of moss known only from Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand. It grows on the aerial adventitious roots of tree-ferns at elevations of 450–875 m. Calomnion milleri is a small, dioecious, yellow-green plant rarely more than 10 mm tall. It has two types of leaves, both subulate. Setae are 0.8–1.0 mm long; cylindrical capsules 1.2–1.4 mm long. It is distinguished from other species in the genus by its thickened leaf margins, its capsules shorter than the setae, and the long, slender subulate leaves.

text:
# Calomnion milleri

***Calomnion milleri*** is a species of moss known only from Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand. It grows on the aerial adventitious roots of tree-ferns at elevations of 450–875 m.

*Calomnion milleri* is a small, dioecious, yellow-green plant rarely more than 10 mm tall. It has two types of leaves, both subulate (with a long, narrow tip). Setae are 0.8–1.0 mm long; cylindrical capsules 1.2–1.4 mm long. It is distinguished from other species in the genus by its thickened leaf margins, its capsules shorter than the setae, and the long, slender subulate leaves.

## InfoBox

| *Calomnion milleri* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Bryophyta |
| Class: | Bryopsida |
| Subclass: | Bryidae |
| Order: | Rhizogoniales |
| Family: | Rhizogoniaceae |
| Genus: | *Calomnion* |
| Species: | ***C. milleri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Calomnion milleri***<br>Hook. f. & Wilson | |
|


title: Scamander of Boeotia

abstract: Scamander or Skamandros was a king in Boeotia.

text:
# Scamander of Boeotia

**Scamander** /skəˈmændər/ or **Skamandros** (Ancient Greek: Σκάμανδρος) was a king in Boeotia.

## Etymology

The meaning of the name is "left(-handed) man". The second element looks like it is derived from Greek ἀνδρός *(andrós)* meaning "of a man", but there are sources who doubt this. The first element is more difficult to pinpoint: it could be derived from Greek σκάζω *(skazo)* "to limp, to stumble (over an obstacle)" or from Greek σκαιός *(skaios)* meaning "left(-handed)" or "awkward". The meaning of the name might then perhaps be "limping man" or "awkward man".

## Mythology

Scamander named the Inachus river after himself; the stream nearby he called Glaucia from his mother, and the spring Acidusa he named after his wife. His father was Deimachus, son of Eleon. Scamander and Acidusa are the parents of the maidens, who were honoured in Boeotia.

1. "Skamandros". *Behind the Name*.
2. Plutarch, *Quaestiones Graecae* 41