title: Redcliffe State High School buildings

abstract: Redcliffe State High School buildings are a group of heritage-listed buildings at Redcliffe State High School on the corner of Klingner Road and Oxley Avenue, Redcliffe, City of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. They were built between 1958 and 1962. They were added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 31 May 2019.

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# Redcliffe State High School buildings

**Redcliffe State High School buildings** are a group of heritage-listed buildings at Redcliffe State High School on the corner of Klingner Road and Oxley Avenue, Redcliffe, City of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. They were built between 1958 and 1962. They were added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 31 May 2019.

## History

Redcliffe State High School opened in 1958 as the first state high school on the Redcliffe Peninsula. The school retains its seven original school buildings built between 1958 and 1962, which were designed by the Department of Public Works to provide abundant natural light and ventilation for optimal educational environments. These standard buildings are arranged on the site according to 1950s nuclear master planning ideals, providing outdoor courtyard assembly and play areas and retaining pre-existing mature trees. The complex includes three vocational training buildings, built between 1959 and 1962.

The Redcliffe Peninsula is part of the traditional lands of the Kabi Kabi people, and was briefly the site of the Moreton Bay penal settlement at Redcliffe Point (1824-5). For many years the Redcliffe Peninsula was known as "Humpybong" (dead house), the name the Kabi Kabi, gave to the abandoned convict settlement. A 23,000 acre (9302ha) Redcliffe Agricultural Reserve, which included the peninsula, was declared in 1861, followed by the sale of farm portions from 1862. Some coastal portions were subdivided for "marine villas" in the late 1870s-early 1880s, when the peninsula was promoted as a resort, but few subdivisions were actually occupied at this time. Steamers initially provided the main access to Redcliffe, with jetties constructed at Woody Point (1882) and Redcliffe Point (1885). By 1890 steamers were bringing 10,000 day-trippers and holidaymakers per year, although there were still only 352 permanent residents on the peninsula in 1891.

Redcliffe did not develop as a residential centre until road transport links improved. Anzac Memorial Avenue was opened from Petrie to Redcliffe in December 1925, and the population boomed after the Hornibrook Highway Bridge was opened in October 1935. The population of the Town of Redcliffe (declared in 1921) grew from 8,871 in 1947 to 18,000 in 1959, the year the City of Redcliffe was declared, and this strong growth continued into the 1960s. In 2008 the City of Redcliffe became part of the Moreton Bay Region, which was renamed City of Moreton Bay in July 2023.

The earliest school on the peninsula, the Humpybong Provisional School, opened in Clontarf in 1876. The Redcliffe Provisional School opened at Redcliffe in 1888. Humpybong State School opened in Margate in 1909. The peninsula's first private secondary school, Soubirous Convent School in Scarborough in 1951. However, the peninsula did not have a public secondary school for another seven years when Redcliffe State High School opened in 1958, followed by the opening of Clontarf Beach State High School in 1964. Although the Queensland Government had instituted a high school system in 1912, high schools remained few in number until after World War II.

The site of Redcliffe State High School was once part of Portion 226 of the Redcliffe Agricultural Reserve. By 1905 2.26ha of land at the northwest corner of this portion was a reserve for railway purposes. The North Coast railway line reached North Pine (now Petrie) in 1888. Despite a branch railway line to the Redcliffe Peninsula being proposed in the 1880s, it was not until 2016 that the Redcliffe Peninsula railway line was opened. In 1885, a 2-acre (0.8ha) Reserve for Post and Telegraph Office was surveyed in the northeast corner of Portion 226, with a 5-acre (2.0ha) Reserve for Police Purposes to its south. In 1936 the unused railway reserve was leased by Claude AM Reid, of Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary in Indooroopilly (now in Fig Tree Pocket), who opened a koala park and zoo on the site in October 1937. The former railway reserve and koala park was gazetted as a "reserve for a state school" in 1945. The government also acquired 6.5ha of the northern part of the showgrounds, opposite the school reserve and west of Oxley Avenue, in 1947 for a school sports ground.

Another decade passed before a high school was built. In 1954 it was reported that high school enrolments in Queensland had more than doubled since 1948, from 4,500 to nearly 11,000. An enormous demand for state education began in the late 1940s and continued well into the 1960s. This was a nation-wide occurrence resulting from immigration and the unprecedented population growth now termed the "baby boom".

Plans for the first four school buildings at Redcliffe State High School were prepared by the Department of Public Works (DPW) in August 1957. In 1956 the high school site was still covered in trees. During a period of high demand for more classroom accommodation, from the mid-1950s DPW architects introduced school master planning, a concept to plan for controlled growth and change. During the period emphasis shifted away from grid-like layouts to nuclear layouts, centred on a nucleus of core facilities. The plans balanced the need for correct orientation and an appropriate response to contours and existing vegetation. Generous courtyard spaces between classroom wings were used for assembly and play areas. Redcliffe State High School followed this nuclear master planning approach.

The school opened in 1958 with 107 students, either on 3 February or in October. By May that year only Block C had been constructed, set in a cleared section of the treed school reserve; as at 2019 some trees which predate the school still survive. Blocks A, B, and D were completed by mid-1959.

Block A was a one-storey, slab-on-ground administration building constructed at the front of the school on the west side of the complex, facing Oxley Avenue. It had an asymmetrical gable roof and a splayed feature wall leading through large doors into a foyer at the north end of the building. The building accommodated: three offices (for the Principal, Deputy Principal, and staff), toilets, staffroom, and a store. The corridor featured school honour boards. A large dais at the rear (east) of the building faced directly into the understorey of the adjacent Block B, which was open and two steps lower. Although not identified as a standard type, very similar administration buildings have been identified at Mitchelton State High School (built in 1959) and Rockhampton State High School (drawn in 1960).

Blocks B and C were built to a standard design (Timber Framed School Building incorporating steel open-web floor trusses). From 1950 the Department of Public Instruction introduced new standard plans for school buildings designed by the DPW. These buildings were high-set timber-framed structures and the ground floor "understorey" was used as covered play space. The principal type was a long and narrow building with a gable roof. A semi-enclosed stair connected the understorey to a north-facing verandah running the length of the building. Classrooms opened off the verandah and had extensive areas of windows, allowing abundant natural light and ventilation. In 1954 this type was improved by replacing the proliferation of stumps in the understorey with a timber truss that provided an unimpeded play space. This concept was further refined in 1957 with a steel open-web joist, set on reinforced concrete piers, that spanned further and removed more understorey stumps. The design was further refined in 1959 by replacing the concrete piers and open-web joist with a steel portal frame that was employed extensively in the 1960s and 1970s. Blocks B and C at Redcliffe were of this latter type, which had a standard classroom size of either 24 ft (7.3m) square or 24 ft by 21 ft (7.3m by 6.4m).

Blocks B and C projected east from each end of Block A, forming a courtyard which widened towards the east. Block B was connected to the rear (east) of the northern end of Block A. It was a long, narrow, brick veneer, timber-framed building with its long sides facing north and south. It had a gable roof and was highset, with an open play area in the western half of the ground floor and a female ablutions block (lockers, toilets, and showers) in the eastern half. The first floor was supported by exposed open-web steel floor trusses on concrete columns, with a cantilevered portion supporting a northern verandah that had a bagracks balustrade. Protruding stairwells on the north side, enclosed with brick and glass, gave access to each end of the verandah. The first floor included a small staffroom and six classrooms, including: a physics lecture room with tiered gallery; physics lab; physics store/balance room; and four standard classrooms (three of which were initially used for domestic science classes). The rooms were well-lit and ventilated with awning windows used extensively on the southern wall, and double-hung windows in the verandah wall with pivoting clerestory fanlights above the verandah roof.

Block C was similar to Block B and was attached by a partially-enclosed covered area to the south end of Block A. The ground floor accommodated: a library; chemistry lecture room, lab, and store room; and male ablutions. The first floor had a northern verandah accessed by stairs at both ends; the east end stairs were enclosed with fixed glass. The verandah had a section of fixed glazing at its west end. The first floor accommodated: a small general classroom 24 ft by 15 ft (7.3m by 4.6m); four standard-sized general classrooms (three combinable by large folding doors); and a commercial room, 32 ft by 24 ft (9.8m by 7.3m). It was described as having "clean, simple lines, characteristic of new schools".

The east ends of Blocks B and C were connected to Block D, a vocational training building. Standard, purpose-designed vocational buildings were first introduced to high schools in 1928. The Queensland Government continued its focus on vocational education during the 1950s and 1960s and a number of new standard building types were developed for manual training from the late 1950s.

Block D was built to a standard building type, the Brick Veneer Vocational Building. It was a one-storey, concrete slab-on-ground building with an open-web steel portal frame structure. The building oriented its long sides east–west and a covered walkway ran along part of the west side. Varying from the standard, it was slightly boomerang-shaped with an open-sided, wedge-shaped "vestibule" at the elbow and two classrooms at either end. It had a skillion roof over the vestibule and gable roofs over the classrooms. The northern classrooms were 25 ft by 25 ft (7.6m by 7.6m) drawing rooms and the southern classrooms, for woodwork and for sheet metalwork, were both 25 ft by 30 ft (7.6m by 9.1m). At this end was also a timber store, saw bench room, and corridor. The rooms were well-lit and ventilated with banks of awning windows with fanlights of glass louvres on the eastern side, and double-hung windows and a clerestory of glass louvres above the walkway roof on the western side.

An open-sided, steel-framed covered way connected the covered walkway of Block D north to the end of Block B, capturing a wedge-shaped courtyard between Blocks A-D. This open, flat area was used as an "Assembly Area" and had a bitumen surface. A small courtyard area to the side of this space, between Blocks C and D, had a concrete-edged triangular garden bed in its centre.

Redcliffe's population increased to 23,500 by 1963, and increasing enrolments at Redcliffe State High School resulted in the construction of three new buildings in three years - Block E and F during 1960, and Block G in 1962. Blocks E and F were built north of, and parallel to, Block B. Block E was built to a standard type similar to Blocks B and C. It was a long, narrow, brick veneer, timber-framed building with its long sides facing north and south. It had a gable roof and was highset. The ground floor accommodated two locker rooms, an open play area with a tuckshop, an armoury (for military cadets), and small storerooms under the stairs. The first floor was supported by exposed open-web steel floor trusses on concrete columns, with a cantilevered portion supporting a northern verandah with a bagracks balustrade. The first floor had six standard-sized classrooms, with folding doors between two pairs of classrooms, and a "services room" at the east end. The verandah had projecting stairwells at each end, enclosed with brick and glass.

Block F was built to a standard floor plan layout for home science classes, and was a one-storey, concrete slab-on-ground, timber-framed vocational training building with a gable roof. It was a long, narrow brick veneer, timber-framed building with its long sides facing north and south and was attached to the west end of Block F via a breezeway. It had a verandah on its north side with bagracks and a hat and coat area at each end. It had a dressmaking room with fitting room; storeroom; staffroom; laundry; dining room; cooking room; and lecture room. The rooms were well-lit and ventilated with awning windows and fanlights used extensively on the southern wall, and double-hung windows in the verandah wall with louvred clerestory windows above the verandah roof. There was a small concrete flower bed north of the east end of the building. A covered walkway was also built at this time to connect Block E across the courtyard to the east end of Block B.

Block G was built to a standard type (Brick Veneer Vocational Building with skylight) east of Block D. It was a one-storey, steel portal-framed building with an east-facing clerestory roof. It was long and narrow, with its long sides facing east and west and a covered walkway along the west side. The building accommodated woodwork and drawing rooms. A small staffroom, store, and machine room were accommodated in a small projecting annexe with a gable roof. The rooms were well-lit and ventilated with banks of awning windows, fixed glass panes, and fanlights used extensively in the east and west walls, and via the clerestory, which had metal blade louvres and was positioned centrally over the work rooms.

With the construction of Block G for woodwork and drawing, Block D was converted for use as two sheet metalwork rooms and one art classroom. Minor alterations included enclosing part of the covered walkway using some relocated original windows and walls, removing partitions, and sheeting over the western windows of the former drawing rooms. This work was planned in late 1961.

Between 1962 and 2018, other buildings were added to the school, including:

* Block H (1963), an extension at the east end of Block B for science and general classrooms
* Block J (1965) science classrooms
* Block K (1972) general classrooms (extended 1973)
* a P&C assembly hall (1977, replaced 2014)
* Block L (1979), a library

Buildings were also constructed on the "Western Campus" on the opposite side of Oxley Avenue after 1981. After a 13-year-old student, Caitlin Hanrick, was killed while crossing Oxley Avenue in December 2006, a pedestrian bridge was constructed to link the campuses opening in October 2008 as "Caity's Crossing".

Changes to the early buildings have occurred over time, including:

* adding more toilet cubicles at the east end of Block B (c.1963)
* adding enclosures and partitions under the east end of Block E (c.1971)
* enclosing the vestibule of Block D for a further art room (1979)

Later changes included:

* extending and refurbishing Block A to the north for more offices (1981)
* converting Block E to Domestic Science and Block F to general classrooms (1982), both of which involved considerable internal alterations
* two small extensions were added to the east side of Block D (1984).

Block A was refurbished again in c.2001 and in c.2002 the ground floor of Block B was altered to include a uniform shop (by remodelling part of the toilets); and a cybercafe was added on the ground floor of Block E, by enclosing some of the open space adjacent to the tuck shop, which had by then been extended one bay to the west. In 2004 a ground floor locker room in Block C was converted into a technology and interview room.

The school grounds have also increased in size over time. By 1974 the school reserve had been expanded to 3.13ha to incorporate an opportunity school established to the east of the high school in 1964 (on part of the 1885 police reserve). A residential lot, south of the school, was added to the grounds in 1980, providing access to Irene Street, and in 1989 land was added at the northeast corner of the school grounds, to create a total area of 3.37ha. In 1960, 3.0ha of land north of Klingner Road, opposite Portion 490, was also obtained and later cleared as an additional sports ground. This was subdivided in 1996, and the western half later became a TAFE campus.

Since its establishment, the school has been the focus of community events, such as fetes, and a fashion show was held in 1977 to raise funds for the first assembly hall. For the school's 50th anniversary in 2008, a DVD was compiled with a collection of photos, documents and newspaper articles from the school's history.

Redcliffe State High School, established in 1958 as the first state secondary school on the peninsula, has played an important role in the Redcliffe peninsula community and continues to do so. Generations of students have been taught there. As at 2019 it retains:

* Blocks A to F, which, as a complex, represent an excellent, intact example of 1950s master planning
* Blocks D, E and G, three examples of vocational building types
* a number of mature trees on the site which may predate the school

## Description

Redcliffe State High School occupies two sites east and west of the intersection of two main thoroughfares in Redcliffe, Oxley Avenue and Klingner Road. The east site is 3.37ha and comprises a complex of buildings and a stand of mature trees on the north edge standing inside the school allotment on the boundary with Klingner Road.

The features of state-level significance are:

* Block A
* Blocks B, C, and E
* Block D
* Block F
* Block G
* Courtyards and landscape features

### Block A

Block A is a one-storey, slab-on-ground administration building facing west to Oxley Avenue.

### Blocks B, C, and E

Blocks B, C, and E are standard classroom buildings, highset on concrete pillars with open-web steel floor trusses supporting the timber-framed first floor. Blocks B and C are highly intact. The buildings are two-storey, long and narrow with long sides facing approximately north and south, positioned to form courtyards between them for student lunch and activity space. They feature extensive areas of facebrick across both levels and have gable roofs clad with corrugated metal sheets. Verandahs run along the north side of the buildings, connecting to stairs, breezeways, and covered links, and a series of classrooms and ancillary school rooms along the south side. Both long sides are extensively glazed with operable windows and fanlights to permit high levels of natural light and ventilation.

### Block D

Block D is a slab-on-ground one-storey vocational training building and is highly intact. It is boomerang shaped with a large wedge-shaped vestibule at the elbow separating two manual arts workshops from a third large manual arts room. The rooms have a gable roof with a steel open-web portal frame, exposed internally. The vestibule, originally open-ended but later enclosed, has a lower skillion roof and is used as a manual arts lecture room. The building has a covered way on its western side that links from the covered stair of Block C to a freestanding covered way through the courtyard to Block B.

### Block F

Block F is a slab-on-ground one-storey former vocational training building built to a standard floor plan. It is a long narrow building with its long sides facing north and south and has a covered walkway on the north side accessing a series of classrooms on the south side. It is timber-framed with facebrick veneer walls and the walkway wall is clad with narrow chamferboards. It has a gable roof over the classrooms and a separate, lower roof over the walkway with banks of north-facing metal-framed glass louvres between the two roofs opening into the classrooms. The building is attached by its eastern end to Block E via an open breezeway that has a connection to Block B via a covered way. The original roof sheets and the north and south windows, fanlights, and doors have been replaced (some within the original openings). The original internal partitions have mostly been demolished and new partitions inserted to form general classrooms. The internal linings have been replaced with flat sheets with no cover strip.

### Block G

Block G is a slab-on-ground one-storey vocational training building to a standard design and is highly intact. It is a long narrow building with its long sides facing east and west. It accommodates a series of workshops accessed by an external walkway along the west side. The structure is a steel portal frame with an east-facing clerestory window of metal louvres into the classrooms. The exterior is clad with crimped metal sheets and facebrick, which defines the building's corners. A gable-roofed projection on the south end of the building accommodates a small staffroom and storeroom. The east and west sides of the building have large banks of steel-framed awning windows (some fixed closed, an original condition) and glass louvre fanlights.

### Courtyards and landscape features

The school complex includes courtyards and open spaces to provide abundant natural light and ventilation to the buildings and accommodate student play, lunch, and activity space.

## Heritage listing

Redcliffe State High School buildings was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 31 May 2019 having satisfied the following criteria.

**The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.**

Redcliffe State High School (established in 1958) is important in demonstrating the evolution of state education and its associated architecture in Queensland. The place retains excellent, representative examples of standard government designs that were architectural responses to prevailing government educational philosophies, set in landscaped grounds with mature trees and assembly areas.

It is also important as a demonstration of the Queensland Government's provision of substantial high schools on new, master planned sites in booming population centres across Queensland in the 1950s, a time of pronounced population growth.

The layout of the administration and classroom blocks, the covered links between them and associated open spaces, reflect the mid-1950s introduction of organic master planning, which responded to the existing contours of the site and provided for ordered growth from a nucleus.

The three vocational training buildings (Block D 1958–9, Block F 1960, and Block G 1962) reflect the Queensland Government's focus in the 1950s and 1960s on vocational training.

**The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.**

Redcliffe State High School is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a Queensland state high school of the 1950s and 1960s. These include its: site planning; range of highset and lowset timber and brick teaching buildings of standard designs that incorporate understorey play areas, verandahs, and classrooms with high levels of natural light and ventilation; and a generous, landscaped site with mature shade trees and assembly areas.

The school site planning is intact and illustrates the school master planning concepts introduced by the Department of Public Works in the 1950s, comprising long narrow classroom blocks (Blocks B, C, D, E, and F 1958–60) linked around open-ended courtyard assembly and play spaces, connected to a core administration building (Block A 1959).

Blocks B and C (Timber Framed School Buildings incorporating steel open-web floor trusses) are good intact examples of their standard types. The buildings retain their: highset form; trusses; open play space underneath classrooms; north-facing, open verandahs; abundant natural light and ventilation of the classrooms; and 24 ft (7.3m) wide classrooms.

Blocks D and G (Brick Veneer Vocational Buildings) demonstrate the principal characteristics of state high school vocational training buildings from the mid-20th century in Queensland. They are highly intact, retaining their: brick veneer, concrete slab-on-ground, and steel portal frame construction; vented clerestory; large, open workshop spaces with minimal and durable internal finishes; and high levels of natural light and ventilation.

**The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.**

Redcliffe State High School has a strong and ongoing association with past and present pupils, parents, staff members, and the surrounding community through sustained use since its establishment in 1958. The place is important for its contribution to the educational development of Redcliffe, with generations of children taught at the school, and it has served as a prominent venue for social interaction and community focus. Contributions to its operations have been made through repeated local volunteer action, donations, and the Parents and Citizens Association.

### Attribution

This Wikipedia article was originally based on Redcliffe State High School, an entry in the Queensland Heritage Register published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 4.0 AU licence, accessed on 2 May 2021.

## InfoBox

| Redcliffe State High School buildings | |
| --- | --- |
| Block A (administration) in foreground and two-storey classrooms buildings Block B (left) and Block C (right) behind, 2018 | |
| Location | corner of Klingner Road & Oxley Avenue, Redcliffe, City of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia |
| Coordinates | 27°13′25″S 153°06′42″E / 27.2235°S 153.1118°E / -27.2235; 153.1118 |
| Design period | 1940s–1960s (Post-WWII) |
| Built | 1958, 1959, 1959, 1959, 1960, 1960, 1962 |
|  | |
| Queensland Heritage Register | |
| Official name | Redcliffe State High School |
| Type | state heritage |
| Designated | 31 May 2019 |
| Reference no. | 650066 |
| Type | Education, Research, Scientific Facility: School – state (high) |
| Theme | Educating Queenslanders: Providing secondary education |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Redcliffe State High School buildings in Queensland | |


title: Sissyfight 2000

abstract: Sissyfight 2000 is a turn-based strategy online game developed by the Word online magazine staff, including executive producer Marisa Bowe, producer Naomi Clark, lead programmer Ranjit Bhatnagar, and art director Yoshi Sodeoka, with game designer Eric Zimmerman. The original Shockwave version launched in 2000 but went offline in early 2009. A successful crowdfunding campaign was launched in early 2013 on Kickstarter by some members of the original development team, who announced the re-release of the game as open-source in HTML5. The original date for the game's relaunch was September 2013, but was delayed. An open beta test, started on 30 July 2014, is currently underway. The gameplay is simple on its surface, but requires solid strategy to win consistently. The graphics are also simple, and were inspired by the work of "outsider artist" Henry Darger, illustrator Edward Gorey, Japanese anime, and early, 8-bit video games of the 1980s. The game, which was inspired in part by Lucasfilm's pioneering online role-playing game, Habitat, was designed to ignite community-building through chat both in the game and on its associate message boards. In a departure from the androcentric norm in video games, all of the players in Sissyfight were rendered female and nonsexual. Sissyfight is often cited as an early example of a web-based MMOG in gaming development and academic circles. Although each game session only contained three to six players at a time, the mechanics of "brownie points" and the robust community surrounding Sissyfight created a much more "massive" experience than most small-scale web games.

text:
# Sissyfight 2000

***Sissyfight 2000*** (stylised as SiSSYFiGHT 2000) is a turn-based strategy online game developed by the Word online magazine staff, including executive producer Marisa Bowe, producer Naomi Clark, lead programmer Ranjit Bhatnagar, and art director Yoshi Sodeoka, with game designer Eric Zimmerman. The original Shockwave version launched in 2000 but went offline in early 2009. A successful crowdfunding campaign was launched in early 2013 on Kickstarter by some members of the original development team, who announced the re-release of the game as open-source in HTML5. The original date for the game's relaunch was September 2013, but was delayed. An open beta test, started on 30 July 2014, is currently underway.

The gameplay is simple on its surface, but requires solid strategy to win consistently. The graphics are also simple, and were inspired by the work of "outsider artist" Henry Darger, illustrator Edward Gorey, Japanese anime, and early, 8-bit video games of the 1980s. The game, which was inspired in part by Lucasfilm's pioneering online role-playing game, *Habitat*, was designed to ignite community-building through chat both in the game and on its associate message boards.

In a departure from the androcentric norm in video games, all of the players in *Sissyfight* were rendered female and nonsexual. *Sissyfight* is often cited as an early example of a web-based MMOG in gaming development and academic circles. Although each game session only contained three to six players at a time, the mechanics of "brownie points" and the robust community surrounding *Sissyfight* created a much more "massive" experience than most small-scale web games.

## Gameplay

Three to six players – called "sissies" – can play in a single game with each player beginning a round with ten hearts, each heart representing one "self-esteem point". The turn-based game hides a player's moves from the other players while in-game chat bubbles may be used to create alliances and coordinate their moves collectively. With each round, players try to eliminate each other's self-esteem until only two (or occasionally one or none) are left standing and proclaimed the winners of that game on a classroom-style blackboard.

The moves that a player can select in each round are:

* **Scratch**: An attack which deals a -1 penalty to the defender. Can be countered with either a cower or a grab, and does double damage if the victim is being grabbed or licking a lolly.
* **Grab**: A passive attack which prevents the defender from scratching, teasing, or licking. It also sometimes prevents other players from grabbing. A grab also acts as a 2x multiplier against a defender when she is also being scratched.
* **Tease**: An attack entirely dependent on teamwork. A single-person tease (also called a "solo tease") is ineffective against a defender. However, for every cumulative teaser added, the defender receives 2 damage. For example, two teasers do 4 damage, three do 6 damage, four do 8 damage, and five can wipe out a player in the first round with 10 damage. A single grab will nullify a two-person tease.
* **Cower**: A defensive move which can dodge a single scratch, grab, or tattle. Multiple cowers tried when there is no attack will receive a -1 penalty.
* **Lick Your Lolly**: A high-risk defensive move which normally adds 2 hit points. Since the maximum number of self-esteem points in the game is 10, licking with either 9 or 10 points wastes a lolly. If an attacker scratches someone licking, the licker will choke and receive a -2 penalty instead. A lick can also be stopped (with no penalty) if the licker is grabbed. Teases do not interfere with licks, but if a licker receives enough damage to be defeated with a tease, the player will be defeated, regardless of whether or not the lick would have allowed the licker to survive the tease. Each player can lick a total of three times in a single game.
* **Tattle on Everyone**: An attack which can potentially damage everyone else in the game. The tattle does 3 damage to anyone scratching, grabbing, teasing, or being grabbed or scratched. If two or more players tattle at the same time, the tattle backfires and does 3 damage to each tattler. A successful tattle can be dodged by a cower or a successful lick. Each player can tattle only twice in a single game.

Failure to select a move before the timer reaches zero results in -1 self-esteem point as a penalty, thereby gradually eliminating those who do not decide in time. However, many players tease out consistently indecisive players. Additionally, if all the players make their decisions with more than 10 seconds left on the timer, the timer accelerates to a countdown from 10, ending the round early.

### Cheating

Players found several ways to cheat in the game. Most often, two players resort to using a third-party instant messaging service in order to coordinate their moves outside of the in-game chat interface. Other players developed more sophisticated methods, including running multiple sessions of the game and creating secondary or unregistered accounts ("sock puppets" or "socks") to tilt a game's outcome in their favor.

The Honor Code, *Sissyfight*'s terms of service, strictly forbids these behaviors. With the 2014 revival of the game, multisessioning has become more difficult; guest accounts are no longer allowed, and the game can now detect multiple sessions within the same browser.

### Game variations

Players invented their own game variations, with unique rules. For example, "Tease Tag" required everyone to tease, while "Tease The Slow" required everyone to tease the last person to make a move. Other variations included a "no cower" rule, which was faster-paced and concentrated more on offense. Since these variants were not hard-coded into the original game, some players did not follow the special rules. As a result, the other players themselves often enforced the rules themselves by teasing out the rulebreakers.

The $25,000 "stretch goal" set by the development team for the 2013 Kickstarter campaign would have hard-coded some of these custom variations into the game. The funding ultimately fell short of meeting the stretch goal. However, in November 2013, the developers announced they would include custom game variations to compensate for missing their September 2013 deadline. The open beta test, running since 30 July 2014, includes settings for these custom game variations.

The 2014 revival features these hard-coded variations which are specifically created through the "special" option. Players may create their own game with a definitive title and identifier, which will have certain rules and challenges the normal game mode doesn't use. Some modes will disable certain defensive moves like lolly licking and cowering, others will prevent tattling to slightly increase difficulty, and others will make the timer speed up. These can be combined to make rounds even more challenging.

## History

*Sissyfight* was a surprise hit when it was launched in 2000. In 2001, it was a nominee for the Webby Awards in the Games category.

However, *Sissyfight* suffered from a lack of promotion and development after Zapata Corporation, its parent company, closed down Word late 2000. Nonetheless, the community proved strong enough to sustain itself, with unpaid administrator RamonaQ and a handful of volunteer moderators managing the game and message boards. Gamelab, a game development company founded by Zimmerman with other members of the original *Sissyfight* team on staff including programmer Ranjit Bhatnagar and designer Naomi Clark, maintained and ran the *Sissyfight* servers through April 2009.

Since its release, *Sissyfight* was consistently named a top internet game by online magazines and continued to remain popular among its regular players, even after the site became unavailable late April 2009.

### Demise

On April 24, 2009, *Sissyfight* became unavailable. On April 28, 2009, long-time volunteer administrator RamonaQ announced on an unofficial message board that the site would not be returning anytime soon, as it was no longer being hosted.

### Return of Sissyfight

Sissyfight 2000 Returns
| Developer(s) | Zimmerman, Clark, and Bhatnagar |
| --- | --- |
| Initial release | 2014 |
| Repository | https://github.com/moonmilk/sissyfight/ |
| Written in | node.js, SockJS, and CreateJS HTML5 library. |
| Platform | Browser |
| Type | Multiplayer Turn-based strategy |
| License | MIT license, CC BY |
| Website | http://www.sissyfight.com |

On April 30, 2013, Zimmerman, Clark, and Bhatnagar announced a crowdfunding campaign on Kickstarter to revive *Sissyfight*. Their plans include re-coding the game in HTML5 to work in modern web browsers and mobile devices, releasing the code as open-source, adding new art, and provisioning servers utilizing modern technologies.

On May 28, 2013, the *Sissyfight* Kickstarter reached its $20,000 goal. The campaign was funded on May 30, 2013 with a final total of $22,735.

The game developers announced that they would not be providing any official message boards, choosing to leave that in the hands of the community. On August 8, 2013, a group of volunteers launched The SiSSYFiGHT 2000 Message Boards with the aim to reunite the community.

Two closed beta tests for the Kickstarter backers and their friends were held on January 17, 2014 and January 26, 2014. Each session lasted approximately two hours.

An open beta test began on July 30, 2014 and is currently running.

On February 9, 2018 the source code was released under the open-source MIT license and the assets under the CC BY Creative Commons license on GitHub.

## Credits

### Original Team

* Executive Producer - Marisa Bowe
* Concept - The Staff of Word & Eric Zimmerman
* Game Design & Project Management - Eric Zimmerman
* Lead Programmer - Ranjit Bhatnagar
* Art Direction - Yoshi Sodeoka
* Art & Interface Design - Jason Mohr
* Producer & Assistant Game Designer - Naomi Clark
* Additional Programming - Wade Tinney
* Text - Naomi Clark and Daron Murphy
* Sound and Music - Lem Jay Ignacio
* Communication Engine - Lucas Gonze
* Additional Project Management - Michelle Golden

### Sissyfight Returns

* Core Team - Ranjit Bhatnagar, Naomi Clark, Eric Zimmerman
* Visual Design - Cindi Geeze & Terry Wiley
* Interns - Aaron Freeman, Shoshana Kessock, Toni Pizza

## InfoBox

| Sissyfight 2000 | |
| --- | --- |
| Developer(s) | Word Magazine |
| Publisher(s) | Word Magazine |
| Platform(s) | Macromedia Shockwave |
| Release | 2000 |
| Genre(s) | Turn-based strategy |
| Mode(s) | Multiplayer |


title: Shantaram Athavale

abstract: Shantaram Govind Athavale was an Indian director of Marathi, Hindi and English language films, a lyricist, poet, and author. Part of the generation that emerged from the Prabhat Film Company in Pune in the 1930s, he made pioneering contributions to Marathi film.

text:
# Shantaram Athavale

**Shantaram Govind Athavale** (21 January 1910 – 2 May 1975) was an Indian director of Marathi, Hindi and English language films, a lyricist, poet, and author. Part of the generation that emerged from the Prabhat Film Company in Pune in the 1930s, he made pioneering contributions to Marathi film.

## Biography

In the early 1930s, Athavale undertook an apprenticeship with the popular novelist Narayan Hari Apte. When Apte was brought in by the Prabhat Film Company to script *Amrit Manthan,* Athavale joined him and achieved success as a songwriter on the film with *Kiti sukhada.*

At Prabhat, as a lyricist under V. Shantaram and working alongside Vishram Bedekar, Master Vinayak, Keshavrao Bhole and others, Athavale would be part of the generation considered pioneers of Marathi cinema. Athavale's contribution as lyricist to Sant Tukaram, the first Indian film to achieve critical international success, was highly regarded.

Athavale as lyricist frequently worked with Keshavrao Bhole composing music; their collaborations included *Kunku* (1937), *Mazha Mulga* and *Gopal Krishna* (both 1938), *Sant Dnyaneshwar* (1940), *Sant Sakhu* and *Shejari* (both 1941), *Daha Wajta* (1942) and *Ramshastri* (1944). During this period, he became an assistant director under V. Shantaram.

He left Prabhat Films in 1942 and contributed dialogue and lyrics for Debaki Bose's *Aple Ghar* and lyrics for Vijay Bhatt's *Bharat Bhet.*

In 1948, Athavale made his debut as a director with *Bhagya Rekha,* which focused on a man who is part of the independence movement and must leave his pregnant wife when forced to go underground. The film incorporated his long-term colleagues Narayan Hari Apte (script) and Keshavrao Bhole (score) with Shanta Apte acting.

He won the Certificate of Merit for Feature Films in Marathi at the 3rd National Film Awards in 1956 for directing the movie *Shevagyachya Shenga*. The film, under the English title Drumsticks, was entered into competition at Cannes in 1956.

In the early 1960s, Athavale switched to working in English, making a series of documentaries for the Films Division of India.

Released in 1966, Athavale's history of the Prabhat Film Company, *Prabhatkal*, was considered a unique and significant work.

## Filmography (as director)

* 1948: *Bhagya Rekha* (Marathi)
* 1949: *Main Abla Nahin Hoon* (Hindi)
* 1953: *Vahinichya Bangdya* (Marathi)
* 1954: *Sansa Karaychay Mala* (Marathi)
* 1955: Shevagyachya Shenga (Marathi)
* 1958: *Padada* (Marathi)
* 1960: Fix it Right (English – documentary)
* 1960: Write it Right (English – documentary)
* 1961: How to Vote (English – documentary)
* 1961: Gift of Sight (English – documentary)
* 1962: Citizens and Citizens (English – documentary)
* 1962: The Homecoming (English – documentary)
* 1962: Marriage and After (English – documentary)
* 1963: *Chatur Balak* (Hindi)
* 1965: *Vavtal* (Marathi)
* 1968: *Sankat Main Swasthya Aur Safai* (Hindi – documentary)
* 1971: My Village My People (English – documentary)

## InfoBox

| Shantaram Govind Athavale | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1910-01-21)21 January 1910
Pune, Maharashtra |
| Died | 2 May 1975(1975-05-02) (aged 65) |
| Occupation | Film director |
| Notable work | Shevagyachya Shenga |
| Awards | Certificate of Merit
3rd National Film Awards (1955) |


title: Battle of Petroe

abstract: The Battle of Petroe, also known as the Battle of Hades, was fought on 20 August 1057 between two rival Byzantine armies: the loyalist forces of the Byzantine emperor Michael VI Stratiotikos (r. 1056–1057) under the proedros Theodore, and the supporters of the rebel general Isaac Komnenos. Disgruntled by the neglect of army finances and the Emperor's unwillingness to consider their grievances, Komnenos and other leading commanders, including Nikephoros Bryennios and Nikephoros Botaneiates, began plotting against Michael VI, and on 8 June 1057, Komnenos was proclaimed emperor at his estates in Cappadocia. After his supporters rallied regiments from Anatolia to his cause, his army marched west towards Constantinople, and encountered the loyalist army, composed largely of regiments from Europe, near the city of Nicaea. After confronting each other for several days, the two armies finally engaged at the plain of Hades. Although the right wing of the rebel army was beaten, Komnenos himself held firm in the centre. Victory was won by his left wing, led by Katakalon Kekaumenos, which routed the imperial right, reached and entered their camp, and destroyed their tents, causing the imperial army to break and run, leaving the way open to Constantinople. With the rebel army approaching the capital, Michael VI offered Komnenos the position of Caesar and heir-apparent, but he was quickly convinced to abdicate the throne. On the next day, 1 September 1057, Isaac Komnenos was crowned emperor in Constantinople. His reign was marked by his unsuccessful attempts to reform the administration and strengthen the empire, but the opposition he aroused led to his own abdication in November 1059.

text:
# Battle of Petroe

The **Battle of Petroe**, also known as the **Battle of Hades**, was fought on 20 August 1057 between two rival Byzantine armies: the loyalist forces of the Byzantine emperor Michael VI Stratiotikos (r.1056–1057) under the *proedros* Theodore, and the supporters of the rebel general Isaac Komnenos.

Disgruntled by the neglect of army finances and the Emperor's unwillingness to consider their grievances, Komnenos and other leading commanders, including Nikephoros Bryennios and Nikephoros Botaneiates, began plotting against Michael VI, and on 8 June 1057, Komnenos was proclaimed emperor at his estates in Cappadocia. After his supporters rallied regiments from Anatolia to his cause, his army marched west towards Constantinople, and encountered the loyalist army, composed largely of regiments from Europe, near the city of Nicaea.

After confronting each other for several days, the two armies finally engaged at the plain of Hades. Although the right wing of the rebel army was beaten, Komnenos himself held firm in the centre. Victory was won by his left wing, led by Katakalon Kekaumenos, which routed the imperial right, reached and entered their camp, and destroyed their tents, causing the imperial army to break and run, leaving the way open to Constantinople. With the rebel army approaching the capital, Michael VI offered Komnenos the position of *Caesar* and heir-apparent, but he was quickly convinced to abdicate the throne. On the next day, 1 September 1057, Isaac Komnenos was crowned emperor in Constantinople. His reign was marked by his unsuccessful attempts to reform the administration and strengthen the empire, but the opposition he aroused led to his own abdication in November 1059.

## Background

When Empress Theodora, the last member of the Macedonian dynasty, died in 1056, the court circle around the Empress, dominated by her household eunuchs under Leo Paraspondylos, selected Michael VI Bringas as her successor. A career bureaucrat, Michael was a weak and pliant ruler dominated by the eunuchs. Given his advanced years and lack of children, his reign was perceived as weak and unlikely to last from the start, and was plagued by rebellions. Michael VI engaged in massive promotions of individuals, but restricted this to the civilian bureaucracy, and neglected the military. This was not a trivial matter: the debasement of the Byzantine currency under Constantine IX Monomachos (r.1042–1054) had affected military pay—not coincidentally presided over by none other than Michael Bringas, who was then military logothete—and while civil officials were compensated by being raised to higher dignities, the army officers were not. This exacerbated the already simmering dislike of the military aristocracy for what, in the words of the Byzantinist Anthony Kaldellis, they considered as the "regime of eunuchs and civilian politicians" that had dominated the empire during the last decades of the Macedonian dynasty.

During Easter 1057, a delegation of leading generals under Isaac Komnenos, Katakalon Kekaumenos, Michael Bourtzes, Constantine Doukas and John Doukas, appeared before the Emperor to request similar promotions. According to the eyewitness Michael Psellos, the Emperor began abusing them at once; he then made Isaac, as the leader of the deputation, and his second, Kekaumenos, stand forth, and proceeded to denounce Isaac, claiming that he was responsible for "all but losing Antioch" and "corrupting his army", being a coward and incompetent, and of having misappropriated army funds for his own use. The effect of the Emperor's attitude on the army leadership was profound, and turned them against Michael. A second delegation, this time to Strabospondylos, was received in similar manner, and a plot was formed against the Emperor, with Isaac Komnenos as its leader.

The conspirators contacted the veteran general Nikephoros Bryennios, who had unsuccessfully tried to usurp the throne from Theodora, but had recently been recalled by Michael VI as commander of the Macedonian army, and he apparently agreed to support them. Soon after, Bryennios left with his troops for Asia Minor, to campaign against the Turks. Once in the Anatolic Theme, he quarrelled with the army treasurer, the *patrikios* John Opsaras. Bryennios not only imprisoned Opsaras, but also appropriated the army chest that Opsaras carried with him, and began to pay the soldiers as he saw fit. This act did not go unnoticed by another local commander, the *patrikios* Lykanthes, who regarded it as an attempt at rebellion. Lykanthes marched against Bryennios, arrested him and handed him over to Opsaras, who had Bryennios blinded.

## Initial moves

Fearing that their plot was about to be discovered, the eastern generals felt forced to act. The conspirators resident in the Anatolic Theme, Romanos Skleros, Michael Bourtzes, Nikephoros Botaneiates and the sons of Basil Argyros, hastened to find Isaac Komnenos at his estates near Kastamon in Paphlagonia, and on 8 June 1057, at a place called Gounaria, proclaimed him emperor. It is unclear whether any of the rebels held command of troops; rather, according to Kaldellis, "they had to canvass for support among the officers and soldiers and forge orders of imperial appointment for themselves". Thus the near-contemporary historian John Skylitzes reports that Kekaumenos had to forge imperial letters to mobilize the regiments (*tagmata*) of the Armeniac Theme, ostensibly to march against the Seljuk chieftain Samouch. Of these regiments, three were composed of mercenaries—two Frankish and one Russian—and two were native Byzantine—those of Koloneia and Chaldia. Gathering these forces on the plain of Nikopolis, Kekaumenos marched west to join Komnenos.

At the same time, the western regiments, and the eastern ones of the Anatolic Theme and of Charsianon, remained loyal to Michael VI. The Emperor placed this force under the command of Theodora's eunuch favourite, the *proedros* Theodore, who was the *domestikos ton scholon* (commander-in-chief) of the east, and the *magistros*Aaron, Isaac's brother-in-law; unlike previously, he now "showered the commanders and the soldiers with honours, gifts and extravagant grants of money" to secure their allegiance. The loyalist army crossed over into Anatolia at Chrysopolis and assembled at Nicomedia, controlling the direct route to the capital. Advance detachments were sent to demolish the Sangarius Bridge, while the army established a fortified camp at Mount Sophon (modern Sapanca Dağı). Leaving his family with his brother at the fortress of Pemolissa on the banks of the Halys River, Komnenos in turn slowly advanced west towards Constantinople. Finding the imperial army blocking the direct route to the capital, Komnenos turned south and seized Nicaea as his base of operations. He then established his own fortified camp some 12 *stadia* (c.2.2 km, 1.4 mi) north of the city.

## Battle

Both sides sent soldiers out to forage and collect wood, and over several days, the soldiers from both camps, often friends or relatives, met one another and tried to persuade the other side to defect. Initially, the commanders of the two armies tried to take advantage of this, sending "men skilled in argument" to induce the other side to defect, but without much effect. Eventually Isaac Komnenos ordered his men to stay closer to their camp, and to be more careful in contact with the loyalists. This was interpreted by the loyalist soldiers as a sign of weakness, and they urged the *proedros* Theodore to fight. Reluctantly, the latter agreed to leave Sophon and encamp at Petroes, some 15 *stadia* (c.2.8 km, 1.7 mi) from the rebel camp.

Finally, on 20 August, Komnenos marched out his forces and arrayed them for battle on a plain called, according to Michael Attaleiates, Polemon or Hades (Haides according to Skylitzes). Kekaumenos commanded the left wing; Romanos Skleros the right; and Komnenos positioned himself in the centre. On the imperial side, the *magistros* Aaron was stationed on the left wing with Lykanthes, Pnyemios the Iberian (commander of the forces of Charsianon) and the *patrikios* Randolf the Frank as his lieutenants; Basil Tarchaneiotes (the *stratelates* of the western armies) was positioned on the right; and the centre was commanded by the *proedros* Theodore.

In the ensuing battle, the imperial left wing under Aaron completely routed the rebel right wing. Pursuing them to the rebel camp, he captured Romanos Skleros there and was on the cusp of seizing the rebel camp and victory along with it: Skylitzes reports that Komnenos was on the verge of fleeing to Nicaea. However, Aaron hesitated, and allowed the rebel army time to reverse the situation. In the centre, Komnenos held out against heavy loyalist pressure. Psellos reports that four "Tauroscythian" (an anachronistic term for the Russians) mercenaries tried to kill him, but failed; indeed, by attacking him simultaneously from two sides, their lances got stuck in his armour and kept him aloft, balanced in the middle. On the rebel left, Kekaumenos routed the loyalist right, breaching their camp and destroying their tents. As the camp was situated on a height and was widely visible, this encouraged the rebels and dejected the loyalists, who collapsed and fled. Although Skylitzes writes that "many more were taken prisoner than were killed" in the subsequent pursuit, the loyalists suffered many killed, including the generals Maurokatakalos, Pnyemios and Katzamountes. Nikephoros Botaneiates won particular renown at this point: Randolf the Frank was caught up in the rout when he saw Botaneiates leading an attacking division. Shouting a war cry, Randolf turned and attacked Botaneiates; the two engaged in single combat until Randolf's sword broke and he was captured.

## Aftermath

While the remnants of the imperial army withdrew to the capital, Komnenos moved to occupy Nicomedia. There he was met on 24 August by envoys of the Emperor: Michael Psellos, and the *proedroi* Constantine Leichoudes and Theodore Alopos, who offered him the title of *Caesar*—at that time the highest title of the Byzantine court, signifying the designated heir-apparent—if he would cease his rebellion. Although these proposals were publicly rejected, privately Komnenos showed himself more open to negotiation, and he was promised the status of co-emperor. During the course of these secret negotiations, a riot in favour of Komnenos broke out in Constantinople. By the time the envoys returned to the capital on 29 August, they had espoused the rebels' cause, and, aided by patriarch Michael Keroularios, they began to conspire in his favour. On 31 August, Keroularios convinced Michael VI to abdicate in favour of Komnenos, who entered Constantinople on 1 September and was crowned emperor the same day.

With the Macedonian dynasty extinct, Isaac thus became the first military strongman to usurp power outright since the 9th century; other powerful generals, such as Romanos I Lekapenos (r.920–944) or Nikephoros II Phokas (r.963–969) had also usurped the throne under the Macedonian emperors, but they had reigned alongside the legitimate rulers. This was reflected in the coinage struck in his name, which uniquely showed him holding a drawn sword; while it may have simply indicated his intention to restore "capable military rule" (Kaldellis), it came to be understood as a claim to rule by right of conquest, and even as expressing an impious belief "that his accomplishments came not from God but from his own prowess". Isaac attempted to reform the bureaucracy and the empire's fiscal system, as well as to restore its military strength, but his reforms aroused much opposition; increasingly isolated politically, and probably disheartened, during an illness in November 1059 he abdicated in favour of Constantine Doukas.

## Sources

### Primary sources

* Kaldellis, Anthony; Krallis, Dimitris, eds. (2012). *Michael Attaleiates: The History*. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-05799-9.
* Sewter, Edgar Robert Ashton, ed. (1953). *The Chronographia of Michael Psellus*. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. OCLC 422765673.
* Wortley, John, ed. (2010). *John Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811–1057*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-76705-7.

### Secondary sources

## InfoBox

| Battle of Petroe | |
| --- | --- |
| Date 20 August 1057  Location Plain of Ha\[i\]des, near Nicaea40°29′13″N 29°41′26″E / 40.48694°N 29.69056°E / 40.48694; 29.69056  Result  Rebel victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Imperial forces of Michael VI Stratiotikos | Rebel forces of Isaac I Komnenos |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Theodore
Aaron
Basil Tarchaneiotes | Isaac I Komnenos
Katakalon Kekaumenos
Romanos Skleros |
| Casualties and losses | |
| Heavy | Significant |
| class=notpageimage|Approximate location within modern Turkey | |


title: Short Style

abstract: Short Style is the EP by the American alternative rock band Lazlo Bane released on Almo Sounds label.

text:
# Short Style

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Short Style*** is the EP by the American alternative rock band Lazlo Bane released on Almo Sounds label.

## Overview

*Short Style* features 5 tracks, 4 originals and a cover of Men at Work's song "Overkill", originally written by Colin Hay, who makes a guest appearance on the track. All of the songs from the EP appeared on the band's debut album *11 Transistor*, which was released half a year later. However, the song "Prada Wallet" was not featured in the track listing and appeared as a hidden track.

The length of the song "Sleep" in incorrectly listed on the EP as 3:48, but it is actually the same version that was released on *11 Transistor*.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Buttercup" | Chad Fischer / Lyle Workman | 3:42 |
| 2. | "Sleep" | Fischer | 4:48 |
| 3. | "Novakane" | Fischer | 2:35 |
| 4. | "Overkill" (feat. Colin Hay) | Colin Hay | 4:13 |
| 5. | "Prada Wallet" | Fischer / Josh Clayton-Felt / Kevin Hunter | 1:11 |

## Personnel

* Lazlo Bane – primary artist
* Lyle Workman – guitar and bass on "Buttercup"
* Josh Freese – drums on "Buttercup" and "Prada Wallet"
* Colin Hay – guitar and vocals on "Overkill"
* David Dale – guitar on "Overkill"
* Tony Phillips – mixing

### Additional personnel

* Jill Berliner – legal
* Keryn Kaplan management
* Paul McGuinness – management
* Paul Kremen – artist & repertoire
* Robin Sloane – creative director
* Mary Lynne Barbis art direction, design
* Patrick Raske – art direction, design
* Lauren Lambert – photography

## InfoBox

| Short Style | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Lazlo Bane | |
| Released | August 20, 1996 |
| Recorded | 1995–1996 |
| Studio | Cheswick Studio, LA, CA |
| Genre | Alternative rock, Indie rock, Blues |
| Length | 16:29 |
| Label | Almo Sounds |
| Producer | Chad Fischer |
| Lazlo Bane chronology | |
| ***Short Style***
(1996) *11 Transistor*
(1997) | |


title: The Last Pirates

abstract: The Last Pirates is an adventure novel written by Italian author Emilio Salgari, published in 1908. It is the final book in Salgari's popular The Black Corsair series.

text:
# The Last Pirates

***The Last Pirates*** (original title: ***Gli ultimi filibustieri*** ) is an adventure novel written by Italian author Emilio Salgari, published in 1908. It is the final book in Salgari's popular The Black Corsair series.

## Plot summary

*The Last Pirates* follows Countess Ines di Ventimiglia, the daughter of the Red Corsair, as she goes back to Panama to claim her inheritance as granddaughter of the Cacique of Darien. The Marquis de Montelimar, however, eager to marry her and put his hands on the inheritance decides to kidnap her. It's up to Mendoza, Buttafuoco and don Barrejo to free her, which they do with the help of another pirate, Raveneau de Lussan. Once they finish the rescue, they depart with a ship full of gold and retire to live in peace.

## Film adaptation

Two film adaptations were made of *The Last Pirates*, *Gli ultimi filibustieri*, in 1921 by Vitale De Stefano, and *Gli ultimi filibustieri* in 1943 by Marco Elter.

## InfoBox

The Last Pirates
|
|  |
| Author | Emilio Salgari |
| Original title | *Gli ultimi filibustieri* |
| Translator | Michael Amadio |
| Language | Italian |
| Genre | Adventure novel |
| Publication date | 1908 |
| Publication place | Italy |
| Media type | Print (hardback) |
| Preceded by | *The Son of the Red Corsair* |


title: Dean Corps

abstract: Dean Corps is a program run by Democracy for America to further its goal of electing progressive Democrats at all levels of office in all 50 states. It is similar to Russ Feingold's Progressive Patriot program.

text:
# Dean Corps

**Dean Corps** is a program run by Democracy for America to further its goal of electing progressive Democrats at all levels of office in all 50 states. It is similar to Russ Feingold's Progressive Patriot program.

## Current status

Piloting in 2010, Dean Corps will consist of hiring, training and placing field organizers on key progressive campaigns. The organizers will be operating in state and federal races and working directly under the auspices of the host campaign. DFA is committed to supporting progressive Democrats who have backbone with money, media, time, and people. Dean Corps provides the people part of that equation.

Unlike previous programs bearing similar names, the current version of Dean Corps bears the name of Democracy for America's Chair Jim Dean, brother of former Vermont Governor Howard Dean.

## History of the Name

An unrelated but similar program, Dean Corps (which later became DFA Corps), was once the name for a grassroots project started by Howard Dean supporters.

Howard Dean wrote: "Dean Corps is based on AmeriCorps. Members devote their time, energy, and labor to community service. Dean Corps began in Iowa, intending to fill the vacuum left by the Bush administration’s underfunding of AmeriCorps, which hit Iowa particularly hard. Dean Corps has been active in the unemployed community in Iowa, and it is also doing environmental outreach and developing programs to help ensure that the needs of seniors are met." DFA Corps was organized by bloggers, performed a variety of community service projects, and was generally well received by the public.

1. Dean, Howard. Winning Back America. Simon & Schuster, 2003. ISBN 0-7432-5571-2, page 135
2. Trippi, Joe. The Revolution Will Not Be Televised. ReganBooks, 2004. ISBN 0-06-076155-5, page 148
3. Yepsen, David: "Yepsen: Dean Corps puts service back into community", *DesMoinesRegister.com*, 09/16/2003, http://www.dmregister.com/opinion/stories/c5917686/22254884.html
4. Shields, Mark: "A Dean secret weapon in Iowa," 'CNN.com', Monday, July 28, 2003: http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/07/28/column.shields.opinion.dean/index.html
5. Zigler, Mike: "Do-gooders: Local Howard Dean supporters launch community service effort", Las Vegas City Life, Wednesday, December 17, 2003: http://www.lasvegascitylife.com/articles/2003/12/17/local\_news/news03dogood.txt
6. Shuppy, Annie: "Presidential hopeful Dean kicks off Iowa campaign", UWIRE.com/The Daily Iowan, 7/25/2003: http://www.uwire.com/content//topnews072503002.html Archived 2004-12-28 at the Wayback Machine
7. Krauss, Ben: "Alternative Medicine", The Dartmouth Online, October 27, 2003: http://www.thedartmouth.com/article.php?aid=2003102702020 Archived 2005-11-22 at the Wayback Machine


title: Calverton station

abstract: Calverton was a station stop along the Greenport Branch of the Long Island Rail Road in Calverton, New York. The station was built in 1880 and closed in 1981.

text:
# Calverton station

**Calverton** was a station stop along the Greenport Branch of the Long Island Rail Road in Calverton, New York. The station was built in 1880 and closed in 1981.

## History

Calverton station was originally built around 1880 as **Baiting Hollow**. It was also intended to be the terminus of one of two formerly proposed extensions of the Wading River Branch. The depot closed and moved to undisclosed location around 1922 and second depot built further east around same year, which was located on Railroad Avenue between North River Road and Edwards Avenue. Calverton was the site of the deadly Golden's Pickle Works wreck on Friday, August 13, 1926. The station closed in 1981. The disused metal station shelter currently remains.

West of the station, a spur to the Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant used by Grumman closed in the early 1990s. In February 2010 plans were announced to reactivate the spur in a $3.5 million rehabilitation for freight trains of the New York and Atlantic Railway to serve an industrial park at the airport. Funds come from the federal stimulus funding. The spur parallels Connecticut Avenue to the airport.

### Hulse Turnout

At the same spot as Calverton there was a previous station named **Hulse Turnout**. Hulse Turnout first appears on the 1852 timetable and is gone by 1858.

## InfoBox

| Calverton | |
| --- | --- |
| The former Calverton LIRR station on November 14, 2014. | |
| General information | |
| Location | Edwards and Railroad Avenues
Calverton, New York |
| Coordinates | 40°54′32″N 72°44′36″W / 40.908794°N 72.743343°W / 40.908794; -72.743343 |
| Owned by | Long Island Rail Road |
| Line(s) | Main Line |
| Platforms | 1 |
| Tracks | 2 |
| History | |
| Opened | 1880 |
| Closed | 1981 |
| Electrified | No |
| Previous names | Baiting Hollow (18801897) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Long Island Rail Road Following station  Manorvilletoward Ronkonkoma  Ronkonkoma BranchGreenport Branch  Riverheadtoward Ronkonkoma  Preceding station Long Island
Rail Road Following station  Manorvilletoward Long Island City or Penn Station  Main Line  Riverheadtoward Greenport | |
|  | |
|  | |
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title: SkilledTradesBC

abstract: SkilledTradesBC is a provincial government agency in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It was established in 2004 as Industry Training Authority (ITA) to replace the Industry, Training and Apprenticeship Commission (ITAC) after the Government of BC abolished mandatory certification for skilled trades in 2003. Its mandate is to facilitate training in the trades and industry occupations in the province. In 2021, the Government of BC announced the reintroduction of mandatory skilled trades certification and the ITA was renamed to SkilledTradesBC in December 2022.

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# SkilledTradesBC

**SkilledTradesBC** is a provincial government agency in the province of British Columbia, Canada.

It was established in 2004 as **Industry Training Authority** (ITA) to replace the Industry, Training and Apprenticeship Commission (ITAC) after the Government of BC abolished mandatory certification for skilled trades in 2003. Its mandate is to facilitate training in the trades and industry occupations in the province.

In 2021, the Government of BC announced the reintroduction of mandatory skilled trades certification and the ITA was renamed to SkilledTradesBC in December 2022.