title: Shingo River

abstract: The Shingo River is a tributary of the Indus River, and flows through Gilgit-Baltistan and Kargil regions. The river originates in Pakistan's Gilgit-Batistan region and flows into the Kargil district where it joins the Dras River. The combined river receives the waters of the Suru River and flows into Baltistan again, joining the Indus River near Marol.

text:
# Shingo River

The **Shingo River** is a tributary of the Indus River, and flows through Gilgit-Baltistan and Kargil regions. The river originates in Pakistan's Gilgit-Batistan region and flows into the Kargil district where it joins the Dras River. The combined river receives the waters of the Suru River and flows into Baltistan again, joining the Indus River near Marol.

## Course

The river originates in the Chhota Deosai plains in the Astore District north of Minimarg, then flows east. The Shigar or Shiggar River, which originates in the Bara Deosai Plateau to the north, also flows east and joins the Shingo River before it enters the Indian-administered Kargil district near Dalunang. In the Kargil district, at the Kaksar village, Shingo is joined by the Dras River, which originates near Zojila Pass and flows northeast. The flow of Shingo is then doubled. The combined river, which is either called Dras or Shingo, flows east till the hamlet of Kharul, 7 km north of Kargil, where it makes a 90-degree bend to flow north-northeast.

Also at Kharul, the Suru River joins the Dras/Shingo river and the latter in effect flows through the channel of the Suru River as it turns north. The combined river flows through the Kharmang District of Baltistan, passing by the substantial village of Olding on the left, before joining the Indus River a little above Marol.

The Shingo river is clearer than other rivers in Ladakh because it is formed from melting ice. It flows through Chanigund.

## Environment

The Shingo River runs north of the Line of Control dividing the Indian- and Pakistani-administered portions of Kashmir. Gultari is the largest city on its course. A road runs parallel to the river, which once connected Kargil to Astore District. Once in the Kargil, the valley of the Shingo–Drass river contains India's National Highway 1 connecting the Kashmir and Ladakh. After reentering Baltistan, its valley supports the Shingo River Road, which is also called the Kargil–Skardu Road.

1. Kapadia, Harish (1999), *Across Peaks & Passes in Ladakh, Zanskar & East Karakoram*, Indus Publishing, pp. 226–, ISBN 978-81-7387-100-9

## InfoBox

| Shingo Riveria | |
| --- | --- |
| Shingo river (blue) meeting the Dras river in Dalunang | |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Countries | Pakistan, India |
| Provinces | Gilgit-Baltistan, Ladakh |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Chota Deosai Plains |
| location | Astore District, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan |
| coordinates | 34°53′29″N 75°06′46″E / 34.8913°N 75.1129°E / 34.8913; 75.1129 |
|  | |
| Mouth | Indus River |
| location | Marol |
| coordinates | 34°44′45″N 76°12′59″E / 34.7459°N 76.2165°E / 34.7459; 76.2165 |
| Basin features | |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | Shiggar River |
| right | Dras River, Suru River |


title: Rhinehart, Louisiana

abstract: Rhinehart is an unincorporated community in La Salle and Catahoula parishes, Louisiana, United States. The community is located on Louisiana Highway 8, 8.1 miles (13.0 km) east-southeast of Jena. Rhinehart has a post office with ZIP code 71363.

text:
# Rhinehart, Louisiana

**Rhinehart** is an unincorporated community in La Salle and Catahoula parishes, Louisiana, United States. The community is located on Louisiana Highway 8, 8.1 miles (13.0 km) east-southeast of Jena. Rhinehart has a post office with ZIP code 71363.

## InfoBox

| Rhinehart, Louisiana | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| RhinehartRhinehart | |
| Coordinates: 31°38′16″N 92°00′24″W / 31.63778°N 92.00667°W / 31.63778; -92.00667 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Louisiana |
| Parishes | La Salle, Catahoula |
| Elevation | 62 ft (19 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 71363 |
| Area code | 318 |
| GNIS feature ID | 555794 |


title: Sideractinidae

abstract:
Sideractinidae is a family of corals belonging to the order Corallimorpharia. Genera:
  - Nectactis Gravier, 1918
  - Sideractis Danielssen, 1890

text:
# Sideractinidae

**Sideractinidae** is a family of corals belonging to the order Corallimorpharia.

Genera:

## InfoBox

| Sideractinidae | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Cnidaria |
| Class: | Hexacorallia |
| Order: | Corallimorpharia |
| Family: | Sideractinidae |
|
| Synonyms | |
| Sideractiidae | |


abstract: The University of Florida Center for Latin American Studies is one of the largest centers in the United States for the study of Latin American, Caribbean, and Latino Studies. Specialized degrees are offered in a wide range of subjects including the anthropology, history, sociology, politics, geography, and languages of the region.

text:
# University of Florida Center for Latin American Studies

The **University of Florida Center for Latin American Studies** is one of the largest centers in the United States for the study of Latin American, Caribbean, and Latino Studies. Specialized degrees are offered in a wide range of subjects including the anthropology, history, sociology, politics, geography, and languages of the region.

## Mission

The Mission of this center is to increase knowledge about Latin America and the Caribbean, and the culture of peoples throughout the Hemisphere. In addition, the Center has been charged to enhance the quality of research and the overall scope of teaching & outreach in Latin America and the Caribbean.

## History of the Center

The Center was first created as the Institute for Inter-American Affairs by the former University of Florida President John J. Tigert in 1931. After previously serving as the United States Commissioner of Education he realized the interest in foreign affairs in the nation’s political, commercial, and academic circles. He believed it was a necessity for the University of Florida to fill this mission due to its geographical proximity to the Caribbean and South America.

In 1951 the Center changed its name to the School of Inter-American Studies in order to coordinate degree programs with a Latin American emphasis. In 1952 the first Doctorate of Philosophy was offered in Latin American Studies, and in 1961 the school received a large grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, so that a Caribbean Research Program could be facilitated. In the Fall of 1963, the School of Inter-American Studies was officially renamed the Center for Latin American Studies.

## Library

The University of Florida Latin American Collection has over 400,000 volumes and 1,100 serial titles. The collection covers all disciplines & geographical areas of Latin America (with particular emphasis on the Caribbean and Brazil). The Center currently has the sixth largest Latin American collection in the United States. In addition the Center also has the largest Caribbean collection in the world.

## InfoBox

University of Florida Center for
Latin American Studies
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 1931 |
| Dean | Dr. Philip Williams (director) |
| Location | Gainesville, Florida, USA<br>29°38′57.4″N 82°20′31.5″W / 29.649278°N 82.342083°W / 29.649278; -82.342083 |
| Website | http://www.latam.ufl.edu/ |


title: Terengganu Cycling Team

abstract: The Terengganu Cycling Team is a Malaysian UCI Continental cycling team founded in 2011, and sponsored by PanGlobal Insurance, Science in Sport, Merpati, Castrol and Amerstrand Engineering.

text:
# Terengganu Cycling Team

The **Terengganu Cycling Team** (*UCI team code:* **TSG**) is a Malaysian UCI Continental cycling team founded in 2011, and sponsored by PanGlobal Insurance, Science in Sport, Merpati, Castrol and Amerstrand Engineering.

## Team roster

*As of 26 January 2024.*

| Rider Date of birth  Muhammad Shahmir Aiman Abdul Halim (MAS)  (2000-04-24) 24 April 2000  Anatoliy Budyak (UKR)  (1995-09-29) 29 September 1995  Aiman Cahyadi (INA)  (1993-11-16) 16 November 1993  Jesse Ewart (IRE)  (1994-07-31) 31 July 1994  Metkel Eyob (ERI)  (1993-09-04) 4 September 1993  Wan Hamdan (MAS)  (1999-06-19) 19 June 1999  Zhe Yie Kee (MAS)  (2003-01-18) 18 January 2003  Merhawi Kudus (ERI)  (1994-01-23) 23 January 1994 |  | Rider Date of birth  Irwandie Lakasek (MAS)  (1995-01-30) 30 January 1995  Nur Amirul Fakhruddin Mazuki (MAS)  (1992-01-24) 24 January 1992  Andreas Miltiadis (CYP)  (1996-08-30) 30 August 1996  Nur Aiman Mohd Zariff (MAS)  (1997-10-01) 1 October 1997  Youcef Reguigui (ALG)  (1990-01-09) 9 January 1990  Nur Aiman Rosli (MAS)  (1999-03-22) 22 March 1999  Harrif Saleh (MAS)  (1988-09-15) 15 September 1988  Zuladri Amin Zulkurnain (MAS)  (1998-08-11) 11 August 1998 |
| --- | --- | --- |

## Major wins

2011 Stage 4 Jelajah Malaysia, Anuar Manan Stage 5 Tour de Taiwan, Shinichi Fukushima Stage 7b Tour de Singkarak, Jang Chan-jae  Malaysia Road Race Championships, Mohd Shahrul Mat Amin Overall Tour de Brunei, Shinichi Fukushima Stage 2, Anuar Manan Stage 3, Harrif Saleh Stage 4, Mohd Shahrul Mat Amin Stage 7 Tour de Indonesia, Mohd Shahrul Mat Amin Stages 8 & 10 Tour de Indonesia, Shinichi Fukushima Stage 5 Tour of Hainan, Anuar Manan 2012  Malaysia Road Race Championships, Mohd Zamri Saleh  South Korea Road Race Championships, Jang Chan-jae Stage 5 Tour of Thailand, Mohammad Saufi Mat Senan Stage 3 Tour de Korea, Jang Chan-jae Stages 1 & 6 Jelajah Malaysia, Shinichi Fukushima Stage 3 Jelajah Malaysia, Mohd Shahrul Mat Amin Stages 4 & 5 Jelajah Malaysia, Harrif Saleh Stage 7 Tour de Singkarak, Mohd Zamri Saleh Stage 4 Tour de East Java, Mohd Zamri Saleh Stage 1 Tour de Brunei, Mohd Nor Umardi Rosdi Stage 4 Tour de Brunei, Harrif Saleh Stage 5 Tour de Brunei, Mohd Zamri Saleh Stage 2 Tour of Hainan, Mohammad Saufi Mat Senan Stage 5 Tour of Vietnam, Harrif Saleh 2013 Stage 3 Tour de Taiwan, Mohd Shahrul Mat Amin  Malaysia Road Race Championships, Mohd Shahrul Mat Amin Stage 3 Jelajah Malaysia, Harrif Saleh Stage 3 Tour of Borneo, Harrif Saleh CFI International Race I, Nur Amirul Fakhruddin Mazuki CFI International Race II, Anwar Azis Muhd Shaiful CFI International Race III, Mohd Nor Umardi Rosdi 2014 Stage 4 Tour of Thailand, Maarten de Jonge  Uzbekistan Time Trial Championships, Muradjan Khalmuratov Stage 4 Sharjah International Cycling Tour, Harrif Saleh Stages 2 & 3 Jelajah Malaysia, Mohd Zamri Saleh Stage 5 Jelajah Malaysia, Harrif Saleh 2015 Stage 3 Tour de Filipinas, Harrif Saleh  Malaysia Road Race Championships, Nur Amirul Fakhruddin Mazuki South East Asian Games Road Race, Mohd Zamri Saleh Stage 4 Tour of Borneo, Nur Amirul Fakhruddin Mazuki Stages 3 & 5 Jelajah Malaysia, Anuar Manan 2016 U23 Asian Time Trial Championships, Maral-Erdene Batmunkh Stages 3 & 4 Tour of Thailand, Harrif Saleh  Singapore Time Trial Championships, Goh Choon Huat  Malaysia Road Race Championships, Mohd Zamri Saleh  Malaysia Time Trial Championships, Mohd Nor Umardi Rosdi Overall Tour de Flores, Daniel Whitehouse Stage 2, Daniel Whitehouse  Mongolia Time Trial Championships, Maral-Erdene Batmunkh Stage 8 Tour de Singkarak, Mohd Shahrul Mat Amin 2017 Stage 1 Tour de Filipinas, Daniel Whitehouse Stage 2, Tour de Tochigi, Maral-Erdene Batmunkh Stage 4 Tour de Lombok, Mohd Shahrul Mat Amin  Singapore Time Trial Championships, Goh Choon Huat  Singapore Road Race Championships, Goh Choon Huat  Mongolia Time Trial Championships, Maral-Erdene Batmunkh Stage 1 Tour de Flores, Drew Morey Stage 1 Jelajah Malaysia, Nur Amirul Fakhruddin Mazuki Stage 2 Jelajah Malaysia, Adiq Husainie Othman Stage 5 Jelajah Malaysia, Harrif Saleh 2018 Overall Tour de Langkawi, Artem Ovechkin Stage 5, Artem Ovechkin Stage 1 Tour de Lombok, Metkel Eyob Stage 3 Sri Lanka T-Cup, Harrif Saleh Stage 4 Tour de Filipinas, Metkel Eyob Stage 4 (ITT) Tour of China II, Artem Ovechkin 2019 Stage 4 The Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn's Cup, Maral-Erdene Batmunkh Stage 2 Tour de Langkawi, Harrif Saleh  Singapore Team Time Trial Championships, Goh Choon Huat  Russia Time Trial Championships, Artem Ovechkin Oita Urban Classic, Drew Morey Stage 4 Tour de Indonesia, Metkel Eyob Prologue Tour of China II, Artem Ovechkin Overall Tour de Siak, Nur Amirul Fakhruddin Mazuki Points classification, Nur Amirul Fakhruddin Mazuki Stage 1, Nur Amirul Fakhruddin Mazuki Stage 1 Tour de Ijen, Maral-Erdene Batmunkh Stage 2 Tour of Azerbaijan (Iran), Youcef Reguigui Stage 3 Tour of Peninsular, Nur Amirul Fakhruddin Mazuki 2020 Stages 5 & 7 Tour de Langkawi, Harrif Saleh  Russia Time Trial Championships, Artem Ovechkin  Mongolia Time Trial Championships, Maral-Erdene Batmunkh  Panama Time Trial Championships, Christofer Jurado  Panama Road Race Championships, Christofer Jurado 2021 GP Manavgat, Mohd Hariff Saleh Grand Prix Velo Alanya, Carlos Quintero Grand Prix Gündoğmuş, Carlos Quintero Kahramanmaraş Grand Prix Road Race, Jambaljamts Sainbayar  Overall Tour of Thailand, Jambaljamts Sainbayar 2022 Stage 6 Tour du Rwanda, Anatoliy Budyak Grand Prix Mediterranean, Anatoliy Budyak Grand Prix Gündoğmuş, Anatoliy Budyak Stages 3 & 4 Tour of Thailand, Harrif Saleh Stage 5 Tour de Taiwan, Harrif Saleh 2023 Overall Tour de Taiwan, Jeroen Meijers Stage 4, Jeroen Meijers Stages 3, 9 & 10 Tour d'Algérie, Youcef Reguigui Grand Prix International de la ville d'Alger Youcef Reguigui 2nd Overall Tour of Huangshan, Sainbayaryn Jambaljamts 1st Stage 2

## Continental & national champions

2011  Malaysia Road Race, Mohamed Mat Amin 2012  Malaysia Road Race, Mohamed Zamri Salleh  South Korea Road Race, Jang Chan-Jae 2013  Malaysia Road Race, Mohd Shahrul Mat Amin 2014  Uzbekistan Time Trial, Muradjan Halmuratov 2015  Malaysia Road Race, Nur Amirul Fakhruddin Marzuki 2016  Singapore Time Trial, Choon Huat Goh  Malaysia Road Race, Mohd Zamri Saleh  Malaysia Time Trial, Mohd Nor Umardi Rosdi  Mongolia Time Trial, Maral-erdene Batmunkh 2017  Singapore Time Trial, Choon Huat Goh  Singapore Road Race, Choon Huat Goh  Mongolia Time Trial, Maral-erdene Batmunkh 2018 African Team Time Trial, Metkel Eyob  Singapore Time Trial, Choon Huat Goh  Singapore Road Race, Choon Huat Goh  Mongolia Time Trial, Maral-erdene Batmunkh 2019  Singapore Team Time Trial, Choon Huat Goh  Singapore Time Trial, Choon Huat Goh  Russia Time Trial, Artem Ovechkin  Algeria Time Trial, Youcef Reguigui  Singapore Road Race, Choon Huat Goh  Malaysia Road Race, Nur Amirul Fakhruddin Marzuki  Africa Continental Time Trial, Youcef Reguigui 2020  Russia Time Trial, Artem Ovechkin  Mongolia Road Race, Maral-erdene Batmunkh  Panama Time Trial, Cristofer Jurado López  Panama Road Race, Cristofer Jurado López

## InfoBox

Terengganu Cycling Team
| The team in 2019 | |
| --- | --- |
| Team information | |
| UCI code | TSG |
| Registered | Malaysia |
| Founded | 2011 (2011) |
| Discipline(s) | Road |
| Status | UCI Continental Team |
| Key personnel | |
| General manager | Nasiruddin Wan Idrus |
| Team manager(s) | * Jeremy Hunt * Muhammad Zamri * Mohd Saiful Anuar Aziz * Wan Mohd Nazri Wan Ahmad |
| Team name history | |
| 2011–2018
2019–2020
2021
2022–2023
2024– | Terengganu Cycling Team
Terengganu Inc. TSG Cycling Team
Terengganu Cycling Team
Terengganu Polygon Cycling Team
Terengganu Cycling Team |


title: Schistocerca obscura

abstract: Schistocerca obscura, the obscure bird grasshopper, is a species of grasshopper in the family Acrididae. The species occurs in the United States, from Maryland south to Florida and west to Arizona.

text:
# Schistocerca obscura

***Schistocerca obscura***, the **obscure bird grasshopper**, is a species of grasshopper in the family Acrididae. The species occurs in the United States, from Maryland south to Florida and west to Arizona.

## InfoBox

| *Schistocerca obscura* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Adult, Virginia Beach, Virginia | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Caelifera |
| Family: | Acrididae |
| Subfamily: | Cyrtacanthacridinae |
| Tribe: | Cyrtacanthacridini |
| Genus: | *Schistocerca* |
| Species: | ***S. obscura*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Schistocerca obscura***<br>(Fabricius, 1798) | |
|


title: Lamentation (novel)

abstract: Lamentation is a historical mystery novel by British author C. J. Sansom. It is his eighth novel and the sixth entry in the Matthew Shardlake Series, following 2010's Heartstone. Set in the summer of 1546, King Henry VIII is dying while the Catholic and Protestant factions of his court are battling for power over his successor, Prince Edward. Matthew Shardlake is deep in work and still feeling the shock of the events of the previous year when Queen Catherine Parr, caught in the throes of the power struggle, again seeks his aid when a potentially controversial manuscript, Lamentation of a Sinner, is stolen from her chambers. In 2021, BBC Radio 4 aired a full-cast adaptation of the novel, dramatised by Colin MacDonald, with Justin Salinger starring as Shardlake.

text:
# Lamentation (novel)

***Lamentation*** is a historical mystery novel by British author C. J. Sansom. It is his eighth novel and the sixth entry in the Matthew Shardlake Series, following 2010's *Heartstone*. Set in the summer of 1546, King Henry VIII is dying while the Catholic and Protestant factions of his court are battling for power over his successor, Prince Edward. Matthew Shardlake is deep in work and still feeling the shock of the events of the previous year when Queen Catherine Parr, caught in the throes of the power struggle, again seeks his aid when a potentially controversial manuscript, *Lamentation of a Sinner*, is stolen from her chambers.

In 2021, BBC Radio 4 aired a full-cast adaptation of the novel, dramatised by Colin MacDonald, with Justin Salinger starring as Shardlake.

## Characters

Historical characters portrayed in the novel include:

Fictional characters include:

* Matthew Shardlake
* Jack Barak (Shardlake's assistant)
* Nicholas Overton (Shardlake's new assistant)
* Tamasin Barak, b. Reedbourne (Jack's wife)
* Guy Malton (physician, former monk)

## Reception

Critical reception for Lamentation has been positive. Alfred Hickling writing for *The Guardian* compared the book's theme to that of Sansom's previous novel *Dominion* and noted that "Sansom's recent foray into alternate history was not quite as much of a diversion as it first appeared. ...both novels address the critical moment when a tyrant weakens and a ruthless power struggle develops to fill the vacuum."

*The Independent*'s Jane Jakeman wrote that "Sansom brilliantly conveys the uncertainty of the time when a frail young prince would ascend the throne with different factions fighting for regency" and *The Spectator*'s Alan Judd gave a particularly glowing review writing that "The orchestration of plot over 600 pages, and the final twist, is literary craft of a high order" and concluding his review by writing "With the Shardlake series, and with this volume in particular, Sansom has surely established himself as one of the best novelists around."

## InfoBox

Lamentation
| First edition cover | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | C. J. Sansom |
| Language | English |
| Series | Matthew Shardlake Series |
| Subject | Crime |
| Genre | Historical mystery |
| Publisher | Macmillan |
| Publication date | October 23rd 2014 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Hardback |
| Pages | 650 |
| ISBN | 9781447260257 |
| Preceded by | *Heartstone* |
| Followed by | *Tombland* |


title: Vallam

abstract: Vallam is a panchayat town in the Thanjavur taluk of Thanjavur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

text:
# Vallam

**Vallam** is a panchayat town in the Thanjavur taluk of Thanjavur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

## Demographics

As of the 2011 Indian census, Vallam has a population of 14,495. Males constituted 48% and females 52%. Vallam has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77% and female literacy is 69%. In Vallam, 11% of the population is under 6.

## Religious sites

### Hindu Temples

**Agowri Amman** is a 1000- to 2000-year-old temple. Mother Agowri graces the temple with two heads sitting on a lotus-shaped *Peeta*. One face is ferocious, with long and sharp teeth showing her destructive side against the demons. The other above is calm, smiling and all graceful protecting the devotees and righteous from evils. The Mother has different weapons in Her eight hands and also a parrot representing Mother Parvati. Sri Chakra, an important form of Shakti worship, is installed under Mother Agowri's feet.

The last Friday of Aadi month and Aadi Perukku (July–August), new moon and full moon days are celebrated.

Maha chandi homam is conducted every year during *chithra pournami* (full moon day).

**Malai Mel Ayyanar temple** This temple dates to Karikala's time, circa 100 BC-190 AD. It is located in an elevated terrain. The main deity is Ayyanar accompanied by his two consorts.

### Islamic Masjids

Four mosques operate in central Vallam.

Eid Ka Masjid is situated on the highest hill, some distance from the Jummah *masjid* and market. Every year, Eid-Ul-Alha is held there. The mosque is over 150 years old.

Mela Pallivasal *masjid* is situated near Aanna statue near the market and is built with white marble. More than 100 years old, it is the oldest *masjid* there. Islamic Madarasa is situated near for younger islamic childs to learn islamic knowledge and Religious harmony.

Jumma Masjid is the biggest masjid, where Eid-Ul-Fithr (Ramadan) celebrations are an important aspect of this masjid as it is large enough to hold thousands of devotees.

**Tawakalshah-Durgah** is a 100-year old religious leader's graveyard. Where irrespective of religion, everyone visit there to pay respect to the Elder.

A new mosque opened for prayer in July 2013. This mosque has a capacity for 100 worshipers and is located in the Anna Nagar area.

### Christian Church

St. Xavier's Church is a traditional Christian church, over 100 years old. It is located near the bus terminal. The church has a famous history and an associated school. St. Xavier's Middle School is locally called a "Matha" school.

## Education

Vallam is known for its number of higher educational institutions. It has two Deemed Universities. They are Periyar Maniammai University and PRIST University and they offer predominantly engineering courses. They were initially started as Engineering Colleges, later they were deemed as Universities under UGC Act. Another deemed institution is SASTRA University, which is 3kms from Vallam. Vallam also has many Colleges include Adaikalamatha College, Swami Vivekananda Arts and Science College, Maruthupandiar Arts and Science College, Ponnaiya Ramajayam Engineering College and Periyar Polytechnic. Tamil University is also at located 3kms away from here. Vallam also have Government Model Higher Secondary School (Girls), Fr. Antony Higher Secondary School, Kalaimagal Higher Secondary School and a CBSE school called Ramya Sathiyanathan Senior Secondary School.

**Government Boys Higher Secondary School** is the oldest school in the town. It's Building are from British Period. Previously used as Horse Tent at british time. Since Independence, it become one of the best school from where many students got good education.

## Rural development

The Vallam town panchayat has taken the lead in environment protection. Roads made from plastic wastes range up to a distance of 1,075 metres.

## InfoBox

| Vallam | |
| --- | --- |
| town | |
| Vallam | |
| VallamThanjavur in Tamil Nadu, India | |
| Coordinates: 10°43′N 79°05′E / 10.72°N 79.08°E / 10.72; 79.08 | |
| Countryside | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| Elevation | 75 m (246 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 14,110 |
| Tamil | |
| Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |


title: Smoked egg

abstract: Smoked egg is a food that involves the smoking of bird eggs and fish eggs. Smoked eggs can be prepared with boiled eggs that are then smoked, or by smoking uncooked eggs in their shells. Additionally, smoked egg has been defined as a type of hors d'oeuvre of boiled eggs that are shelled, marinated, and then smoked.

text:
# Smoked egg

**Smoked egg** is a food that involves the smoking of bird eggs and fish eggs. Smoked eggs can be prepared with boiled eggs that are then smoked, or by smoking uncooked eggs in their shells. Additionally, smoked egg has been defined as a type of *hors d'oeuvre* of boiled eggs that are shelled, marinated, and then smoked.

## Smoked caviar

Some caviars that are sometimes smoked include cod roe, which is common in Norway, mullet roe, and sturgeon roe. Another product is smoked-egg liquor, which can be derived from raw, frozen salmon roe.

## Dishes

Smoked eggs can be made into smoked egg *pâté*. Additional dishes and foods prepared from smoked eggs are egg salad, vinaigrette dressing and dips One version of niçoise salad uses a smoked egg foam as an ingredient. Purées prepared with smoked egg have been used to enhance the flavor of various dishes.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Smoked egg
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Main ingredients | Eggs |


title: Sherif Girgis

abstract: Sherif Girgis is an associate professor of law at the University of Notre Dame with expertise in criminal law, constitutional law, constitutional theory, the intersection of law and religion, and philosophy of law. Girgis teaches courses in criminal law, jurisprudence, and constitutional law. He has served as a professor at Notre Dame since 2021. Girgis previously practiced appellate and complex civil litigation at Jones Day in Washington D.C. He also clerked for Justice Samuel Alito of the United States Supreme Court as well as Judge Thomas Griffith of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.

text:
# Sherif Girgis

**Sherif Girgis** is an associate professor of law at the University of Notre Dame with expertise in criminal law, constitutional law, constitutional theory, the intersection of law and religion, and philosophy of law. Girgis teaches courses in criminal law, jurisprudence, and constitutional law. He has served as a professor at Notre Dame since 2021.

Girgis previously practiced appellate and complex civil litigation at Jones Day in Washington D.C. He also clerked for Justice Samuel Alito of the United States Supreme Court as well as Judge Thomas Griffith of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.

## Education

Girgis graduated with a bachelor's in philosophy from Princeton University Phi Beta Kappa and *summa cum laude* in 2008. He received his master's degree in philosophy from the University of Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar in 2010. In 2016, he earned his juris doctorate at Yale University where he served as an editor of the *Yale Law Journal*. He is currently completing a Ph.D. in philosophy at Princeton.

## Notable publications

Girgis' work has appeared in *American Journal of Jurisprudence*, the *New York University Law Review*, the *Colombia Law Review*, the *Virginia Law Review*, the *University of Pennsylvania Law Review*, and the *Cambridge Companion to Philosophy of Law*.

In 2010, Girgis co-authored and published the article "What is Marriage?" in the *Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy* with Ryan T. Anderson and Robert P. George. The article was later published under the name *What Is Marriage? Man and Woman: A Defense* by Encounter Books. In the article, they argue that the word "marriage" definitionally must involve the capacity of men and women to procreate. Thus, as they argue, the concept of same-sex marriage is philosophically unsubstantiated. Justice Samuel Alito referenced the book in his dissenting opinion in *United States v. Windsor*.

In 2017, Girgis co-wrote the book *Debating Religious Liberty and Discrimination* with Ryan T. Anderson and John Corvino. The book received positive reviews for its constructive, rigorous, and back-and-forth discussion on religious freedom and anti-discrimination law.

## InfoBox

| Sherif Girgis | |
| --- | --- |
| Education | Princeton University (AB) |
| Notable work | What is Marriage? Man and Woman: A Defense |
| Title | Professor of law at Notre Dame University |


title: Rhadinaea fulvivittis

abstract: Rhadinaea fulvivittis, the ribbon graceful brown snake, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. It is found in Mexico.

text:
# Rhadinaea fulvivittis

***Rhadinaea fulvivittis***, the **ribbon graceful brown snake**, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. It is found in Mexico.

## InfoBox

| *Rhadinaea fulvivittis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Colubridae |
| Genus: | *Rhadinaea* |
| Species: | ***R. fulvivittis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Rhadinaea fulvivittis***
Cope, 1875 | |
|


abstract: University of Florida Center for African Studies (CAS) is a center within of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (CLAS) at the University of Florida (UF). The Center provides teaching and research into issues of African languages, humanities, social sciences, agriculture, business, engineering, education, fine arts, environmental studies, conservation, journalism, and law. The Center for African Studies currently offers undergraduate and postgraduate study programs in numerous Africa-related fields. The Center for African Studies is in the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences at the University of Florida. In addition to undergraduate education, the Center promotes and supports graduate studies. The Center has over 100 affiliated teaching and research faculty in a wide variety of fields, including: languages, the humanities, the social sciences, agriculture, business, engineering, education, fine arts, environmental studies and conservation, journalism, and law. A number of faculty members with appointments wholly or partially within the Center have facilitated the development of a core curriculum in African Studies in support of the undergraduate minor and graduate certificate programs. A full-time Outreach Director oversees an active program that provides ongoing training opportunities for K-12 teachers and educators from postsecondary institutions as well as outreach for business, media, and community groups. CAS is funded in part by the U.S. Department of Education Title VI National Resource Center program which supports research, teaching, outreach, and development of international linkages. It is the only National Resource Center for Africa located in the southeastern US, and the only one in a sub-tropical zone.

text:
# University of Florida Center for African Studies

**University of Florida Center for African Studies** (CAS) is a center within of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (CLAS) at the University of Florida (UF). The Center provides teaching and research into issues of African languages, humanities, social sciences, agriculture, business, engineering, education, fine arts, environmental studies, conservation, journalism, and law.

The Center for African Studies currently offers undergraduate and postgraduate study programs in numerous Africa-related fields.

The Center for African Studies is in the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences at the University of Florida. In addition to undergraduate education, the Center promotes and supports graduate studies.

The Center has over 100 affiliated teaching and research faculty in a wide variety of fields, including: languages, the humanities, the social sciences, agriculture, business, engineering, education, fine arts, environmental studies and conservation, journalism, and law. A number of faculty members with appointments wholly or partially within the Center have facilitated the development of a core curriculum in African Studies in support of the undergraduate minor and graduate certificate programs.

A full-time Outreach Director oversees an active program that provides ongoing training opportunities for K-12 teachers and educators from postsecondary institutions as well as outreach for business, media, and community groups.

CAS is funded in part by the U.S. Department of Education Title VI National Resource Center program which supports research, teaching, outreach, and development of international linkages. It is the only National Resource Center for Africa located in the southeastern US, and the only one in a sub-tropical zone.

## Program in African Languages

The Program in African Languages is one of the Center for African Studies’ central components.

Currently, the Center for African Studies offers language training in Akan, Amharic, Arabic, Swahili, Wolof, Xhosa, and Yoruba, although other languages have been offered in the past. The University of Florida is only the second university nationwide to offer an African languages major.

## African Studies Library Collection

The African Studies Collection at the University of Florida Libraries is recognized as a unique resource within the University of Florida's George A. Smathers libraries, ranking among the best such collections in the U.S. Its holdings include disciplinary topics from the natural sciences and applied fields such as agriculture and public health, to the social sciences, humanities, and professions. Reflecting the great breadth and depth of these academic and professional programs, the African Studies Collection facilitates interdisciplinary and applied approaches to the study of the continent, its flora and fauna, peoples and cultures, natural resources and wildlife for which UF's African Studies programs are best known. The African Studies Collection has a collaborative partnership with the UF Center for African Studies, which contributes generous funding for library materials and services through its U.S. Department of Education Title VI grant as a National Resource Center.

Some of the African Studies collections are available through the UF Digital Collections, accessible online. Sub-collections within the African Studies Library Digital Collection include The Arts of Africa = Les Arts d'Afrique, Photographs of Africa Collection, Wildlife Conservation, Jean Marie Derscheid, Onitsha Market Literature, George Fortune Collection, and Martin Rikli Photographs Collection.

Notable print holdings (from which many of the digital collections derive) include the George Fortune collection of Southern Bantu linguistics (especially Shona), the Donald Abraham collection of Lusophone culture and history (concentrating on Angola and Mozambique), Gwendolen M. Carter's materials relating to the South African liberation struggle, Bob Campbell's photographs of Dian Fossey and the Karisoke Research Center, and Martin Rikli's photographic albums of Ethiopia during the Italian invasion and occupation of 1935-1936.

For maps of Africa, see also the African Map Collection which offers maps dating from the 16th through the 21st centuries, including examples of work from the most important cartographers and representing some of the most important maps from the Age of Exploration to the present day.

## African Studies Quarterly

The Center for African Studies founded the African Studies Quarterly (ASQ) to promote research on Africa beyond that undertaken by University of Florida faculty and graduate students. It is an interdisciplinary, fully refereed, online open access journal.

## InfoBox

University of Florida Center for
African Studies
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Public |
| Established | 1964 |
| Affiliation | University of Florida |
| Director | Miles Larmer |
| Academic staff | 100+ |
| Location | Gainesville, Florida, USA<br>29°38′57.4″N 82°20′31.5″W / 29.649278°N 82.342083°W / 29.649278; -82.342083 |
| Website | http://africa.ufl.edu/ |


title: The Majesty of Colors

abstract: The Majesty of Colors is a 2008 Flash browser game by Gregory Weir. Weir has described the game as "pixel-horror".

text:
# The Majesty of Colors

***The Majesty of Colors*** (also known as ***(I Fell In Love With) The Majesty of Colors***) is a 2008 Flash browser game by Gregory Weir. Weir has described the game as "pixel-horror".

## Gameplay

The user is a tentacled sea creature and they interact with humans, creatures, and objects in and around an area of sea. The player's actions can be benevolent towards the humans and creatures, or destructive. The actions of the player determine which of five different endings will be shown.

## Development

The game uses a blocky pixel art style. Said Weir, "What I try to do is fit the art to the game. *Majesty* is really a very simple game, with simple controls and a simple-minded protagonist, so I went for blocky pixel art, which is both easy to make and evokes a simpler era of video games." Although the visuals seem simple and low-tech, they are actually more complex than they look, making use of alpha blending and large moving textures. The most complex visual element is the creature's tentacle, which uses an inverse kinematic system more commonly used in 3D animation.

Weir claims to have been inspired by a competition on indie game forum TIGSource themed around H. P. Lovecraft's commonplace book. Says Weir, "I had the idea of an enormous creature from beneath the waves discovering the world above. When I think of the deep ocean, I imagine darkness and a lack of color. When I think of color at its simplest, balloons come to mind: floating spheres in primary shades."

In deciding on the art style, Weir drew inspiration from Daniel Benmergui's Flash game *I Wish I Were the Moon*, "which had similarly surreal premises and simple gameplay". Weir decided that a similar "chunky, low-res pixel style" would work well for *Majesty*. Original designs involved a creature with two independently controlled tentacles, but during development Weir cut the control down to a single limb, suggesting but not showing additional tentacles through the position of the creature's body.

The finished game presents some of the story through evocative prose. However, Weir has since stated he feels this was a mistake, saying without text it would have been a "cleaner, purer game". "In retrospect," he said, "I probably should have given the player more credit, and gone lighter on the narration text."

Weir claims that development of *Majesty* cost him nothing other than his personal living expenses. The game was coded in the Flex compiler and IDE FlashDevelop, which are freely available. The sounds used in the game were obtained from website soundsnap.com, which provides free sound effects and loops. The game art was created by Weir in the open-source graphics editor GIMP. Weir obtained sponsorship for the game by posting it on the FlashGameLicence website and directly emailing potential sponsors. Weir stated that although he is pleased with his experiences with FlashGameLicence, most of the sponsorship interest in the game came as a result of his direct emails.

The game was first posted on FlashGameLicence on November 15, 2008 and a sponsorship deal with Kongregate worth "several thousand dollars" was finalized a month later. Weir claims the sponsorship money, when combined with advertising revenue and a secondary site-locked sponsorship, represents "over a hundred dollars for each hour \[Weir\] spent on the game".

## Reception

*The Majesty of Colors* was critically well received and gained endorsements on sites ranging from Kotaku to Penny Arcade. Said Weir, "I think that Majesty’s appeal is that it provides a very unified aesthetic, and makes players feel what it would be like to be a titanic, tentacled horror from beneath the waves who really only wants to be loved."

Kotaku's Maggie Greene called *Majesty* an "artistic timewaster" and "a weird, lovely little game". Penny Arcade's Jerry Holkins described it as "an electronic poem". Jay Is Games noted *Majesty's* similarity to *I Wish I Were The Moon*, but thought that *Majesty* was more compelling because its interface was "more concrete and personal" and because of the strength of its narration. Jay Is Games also praised *Majesty's* pixel art and its strong focus on emotion and atmosphere, with the only criticism being a disappointment that the game didn't support more unscripted interactions between the sea creature and its environment. Play This Thing described *Majesty* as "a poetic exploration of alienation and social interaction" and a "precious snowflake of content that unfolds like one of those paper-folded fortune tellers kids play with", but complained that ultimately all decisions in the game result in one of only five endings, creating an incentive to game the experience.

*The Majesty of Colors* was nominated for "Best Game" in the 2008 Tank Awards at Newgrounds, and nominated for "Most Creative Game" at the 2009 Mochi Awards at that year's Flash Gaming Summit. Daniel Kronovet of the Daily Californian awarded it a "Krony Award", calling it "beautiful".

By July 6, 2009, the game had been played almost 1.5 million times.

## InfoBox

| The Majesty of Colors | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Gregory Weir |
| Release | December 2008 |
| Genre(s) | Puzzle, artgame |


title: Terry Luck

abstract: Terry Lee Luck is a former American football quarterback in the National Football League. He played for the Cleveland Browns. He played college football for the Nebraska Huskers.

text:
# Terry Luck

**Terry Lee Luck** (born December 14, 1952) is a former American football quarterback in the National Football League. He played for the Cleveland Browns. He played college football for the Nebraska Huskers.

## InfoBox

Terry Luck
| No. 7 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Quarterback |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1952-12-14) December 14, 1952<br>Fayetteville, North Carolina, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) |
| Weight: | 205 lb (93 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Fayetteville (NC) Massey Hill |
| College: | Nebraska |
| Undrafted: | 1976 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| TD-INT: 1-7  Yards: 316  QB Rating: 37.2 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Canadian Pacific Lines in Maine

abstract: The lines of the Canadian Pacific Railway operated in the State of Maine were set up as a separate company to comply with Interstate Commerce Commission regulations and were considered a Class I U.S. railroad. The company operated 234 miles in Maine. Its primary route formed the Canadian Pacific east–west main line between Montreal, Quebec, and Saint John, New Brunswick. From 1889 to 1974 part of the through route consisted of trackage rights over the Maine Central Railroad between Mattawamkeag, Maine, and Vanceboro, Maine.

text:
# Canadian Pacific Lines in Maine

The lines of the Canadian Pacific Railway operated in the State of Maine were set up as a separate company to comply with Interstate Commerce Commission regulations and were considered a Class I U.S. railroad (in 1950, railroads with operating revenues over $1 million). The company operated 234 miles in Maine.

Its primary route formed the Canadian Pacific east–west main line between Montreal, Quebec, and Saint John, New Brunswick. From 1889 to 1974 part of the through route consisted of trackage rights over the Maine Central Railroad between Mattawamkeag, Maine, and Vanceboro, Maine.

## History

The Canadian Pacific Lines in Maine were a conglomeration of routes purchased or built by the Canadian Pacific prior to 1900. Its through route included trackage rights over a segment of line owned by the Maine Central Railroad, which was later purchased outright by the CP. Two major components of the route were:

The European and North American Railway, which formed the easternmost connection from Vanceboro, Maine, with Saint John, New Brunswick, in the 1860s. The Canadian portion of this line was absorbed by the New Brunswick Railway, which itself was purchased by the Canadian Pacific in 1890. The American portion of the line was purchased by the Maine Central Railroad (MEC) and operated by that company. The CP exercised trackage rights over the MEC portion of the route, and purchased the line outright from the MEC in 1974. The assets of the New Brunswick Railway was sold, minus the operating rail lines, to businessman K.C. Irving in 1941, who later turned it over to his forest operations subsidiary J.D. Irving Limited. In 1988, citing declining traffic, the CP set up a subsidiary to control its lines east of Montreal, the Canadian Atlantic Railway. Between 1988 and 1993, many CAR lines were abandoned. In December 1994 all remaining CAR assets were sold. Some portions of the original New Brunswick Railway's rail lines were purchased by J.D. Irving Limited, which continues to operate them as the New Brunswick Southern Railway. Some former NBR trackage in Grand Falls is now owned and operated by the Canadian National Railway.

In November 2019 Canadian Pacific announced the purchase of the Central Maine and Quebec Railway, the current owner of the former Canadian Pacific Lines in Maine from outside Montreal to Brownville Junction, Maine. This move thus returns ownership of approximately half of the CP lines in Maine, as well as a portion of Bangor & Aroostook lines spanning from Millinocket to Searsport. The reasoning for CP's return, according to their press release, was to (re)establish a port connection at Saint John, New Brunswick, via commercial rights over the NBR lines as well as a new connect to the port of Searsport.

The International Railway of Maine was designed to connect the CP's lines in Canada with the European and North American Railway at Mattawamkeag. Planning for the line started in 1871, and the route was purchased by CP subsidiary Atlantic and Northwest in 1886. The CP finished various uncompleted portions of the Montreal-Saint John through route under Chief Engineer James Ross in the late 1880s, opening the line in June 1889.

In addition to the Montreal-Saint John through route, the Canadian Pacific's lines in Maine included a branch in the Aroostook River valley from Fort Fairfield to Presque Isle (27 miles), where they connected with CP subsidiary Aroostook Valley Railroad and competitor Bangor and Aroostook Railroad, as well as a branch that connected Debec, New Brunswick, with Houlton, Maine (8 miles).

In 1950, the freight income of Canadian Pacific Lines in Maine was $4.3 million, with an additional $424,000 in passenger revenue. The operating ratio was 90.1 percent.

## InfoBox

Canadian Pacific Lines in Maine
| Overview | |
| --- | --- |
| Reporting mark | CP |
| Locale | Jackman, Maine, Greenville, Maine, Brownville Junction, Maine, Mattawamkeag, Maine, Vanceboro, Maine, Fort Fairfield, Maine, Presque Isle, Maine, Washburn, Maine, Caribou, Maine, New Sweden, Maine |
| Dates of operation | 18891988 |
| Predecessor | International Railway of Maine<br>European and North American Railway |
| Successor | Canadian Atlantic Railway |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge |


title: 2018 Qujing International Challenger

abstract: The 2018 Qujing International Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2018 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Qujing, China between 19 and 25 March 2018.

text:
# 2018 Qujing International Challenger

The **2018 Qujing International Challenger** was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2018 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Qujing, China between 19 and 25 March 2018.

## Singles main-draw entrants

### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank1 | Seed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TUN | Malek Jaziri | 84 | 1 |
| SLO | Blaž Kavčič | 116 | 2 |
| BLR | Ilya Ivashka | 148 | 3 |
| ITA | Lorenzo Sonego | 160 | 4 |
| ITA | Stefano Napolitano | 180 | 5 |
| ITA | Salvatore Caruso | 185 | 6 |
| KOR | Lee Duck-hee | 195 | 7 |
| AUS | Jason Kubler | 201 | 8 |

* 1 Rankings are as of 5 March 2018.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:

## Champions

### Singles

### Doubles

## InfoBox

| 2018 Qujing International Challenger | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 19–25 March |
| Edition | 1st |
| Surface | Hard |
| Location | Qujing, China |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Malek Jaziri | |
| Doubles | |
| Aliaksandr Bury /  Peng Hsien-yin | |
|  | |


title: Falsocis

abstract:
Falsocis is a genus of beetles in the family Ciidae, containing the following species:
  - Falsocis brasiliensis Lopes-Andrade, 2007
  - Falsocis flavus Pic, 1922
  - Falsocis opacus Pic, 1916

text:
# Falsocis

***Falsocis*** is a genus of beetles in the family Ciidae, containing the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Falsocis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Ciidae |
| Genus: | *Falsocis*<br>Pic, 1916 |
|


title: Smokeasy

abstract: Smokeasy is a term which came briefly into use in the wake of government-imposed smoking bans in businesses. It refers to bars and other venues that encourage evasion of the ban. The term has also been used to describe locations and events promoted by tobacco companies to avoid or evade bans on smoking. The word was added to the New Oxford American Dictionary in 2005, although it was used as early as 1978. It is a portmanteau of smoking and speakeasy. As smoking bans have become generally accepted, the term has fallen into disuse. High levels of compliance with smoke-free laws have been reported in most jurisdictions including New York, Ireland, Italy and Scotland. Poor compliance was reported in Kolkata.

text:
# Smokeasy

**Smokeasy** (also spelled **smoke-easy** or **smokeeasy**) is a term which came briefly into use in the wake of government-imposed smoking bans in businesses. It refers to bars and other venues that encourage evasion of the ban. The term has also been used to describe locations and events promoted by tobacco companies to avoid or evade bans on smoking. The word was added to the *New Oxford American Dictionary* in 2005, although it was used as early as 1978. It is a portmanteau of *smoking* and *speakeasy*. As smoking bans have become generally accepted, the term has fallen into disuse.

High levels of compliance with smoke-free laws have been reported in most jurisdictions including New York, Ireland, Italy and Scotland. Poor compliance was reported in Kolkata.

## Tobacco companies and smokeasies

Tobacco companies have used a variety of tactics to encourage the sale and consumption of cigarettes in the presence of smoking bans, and the term smokeasy has commonly been used to describe events and establishments of this kind. Imperial Tobacco hires public venues to promote its Peter Stuyvesant brand. In Chicago, RJ Reynolds established an "upscale smoking lounge" serving alcoholic beverages and food, but classified as a retail tobacco store.

## Examples

### New York City

Within one month of the passage of New York City's smoking ban in 2003, smokeasies were quickly predicted. Shortly thereafter, some bartenders began to hear word of smokeasies and theorized that some former regulars who were smokers had switched to the smokeasies. By 2013, acceptance of the law was general, with the Onondaga County Health Department saying that they were receiving and investigating very few complaints.

### Hawaii

In Hawaii, some establishments announced their intention to defy the statewide smoking ban, one of America's strictest, which went into effect on November 16, 2006. However, bans have been successively tightened over time.

### The Netherlands

With the passing of a 2008 smoking ban, many Dutch cafes had become smokeasies despite facing fines up to 18,500 Euros. Dutch pub owners voiced their defiance and organized a 1500-5000 owner strong public protest of the ban in November, 2008.

After two years of continued opposition by bar and cafe owners, in the fall of 2010 the Dutch government repealed the ban for smaller bars and cafes which had complained loudly about loss of business. The bans were reinstated and extended in 2018.


title: Cethegus hanni

abstract: Cethegus hanni is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Euagridae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1984 by Australian arachnologist Robert Raven. The specific epithet refers to the type locality.

text:
# Cethegus hanni

***Cethegus hanni*** is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Euagridae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1984 by Australian arachnologist Robert Raven. The specific epithet refers to the type locality.

## Distribution and habitat

The species occurs in Far North Queensland in open forest habitats on the Cape York Peninsula. The type locality is near the Hann River.

## Behaviour

The spiders are fossorial, terrestrial predators. They construct funnel-like silk webs and burrows.

## InfoBox

| *Cethegus hanni* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Mygalomorphae |
| Family: | Euagridae |
| Genus: | *Cethegus* |
| Species: | ***C. hanni*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cethegus hanni***<br>Raven, 1984 | |
|


title: Randall Hyde

abstract: Randall Hyde is best known as the author of The Art of Assembly Language, a popular book on assembly language programming. He created the Lisa assembler in the late 1970s and developed the High Level Assembly (HLA) language.

text:
# Randall Hyde

**Randall Hyde** (born 1956) is best known as the author of *The Art of Assembly Language*, a popular book on assembly language programming. He created the Lisa assembler in the late 1970s and developed the High Level Assembly (HLA) language.

## Biography

Hyde was educated, and later became a lecturer, at the University of California, Riverside. He earned a bachelor's degree in Computer Science in 1982, and a master's degree in Computer Science in 1987 - both from UC Riverside. His area of specialization is compilers and other system software, and he has written compilers, assemblers, operating systems and control software. He was a lecturer at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona from 1988 to 1993 and a lecturer at UC Riverside from 1989 to 2000. While teaching at UC Riverside and Cal Poly, Pomona, Randy frequently taught classes pertaining to assembly programming (beginning and advanced), software design, compilers, and programming language theory.

He was founder and president of Lazer Microsystems, which wrote the SmartBASIC interpreter and ADAM Calc for the Coleco Adam. According to Rich Drushel, the company also wrote the ADAM implementation of CP/M 2.2. He also wrote the 1983 Atari 2600 game *Porky's* while at Lazer, published by Fox Video Games.

Hyde has made many posts to the alt.lang.asm newsgroup in the past.

As of 2017, Hyde operates and is president of Plantation Productions, Inc., a Riverside, California corporation providing sound, lighting, staging, and event support services for small to medium-sized venues, for audiences of 10 to 5,000 people.

## Books

### Modern books

* Hyde, Randall (September 2003). *The Art of Assembly Language* (1st ed.). San Francisco: No Starch Press. ISBN 978-1-886411-97-5. OL 8706071M.
* Hyde, Randall (October 25, 2004). *Write Great Code: Volume 1 - Understanding the Machine* (1st ed.). San Francisco: No Starch Press. ISBN 978-1-59327-003-2. OL 8871388M.
* Hyde, Randall (March 18, 2006). *Write Great Code: Volume 2 - Thinking Low-Level, Writing High-Level* (1st ed.). San Francisco: No Starch Press. ISBN 978-1-59327-065-0. OL 8871413M.
* Hyde, Randall (2010). *The Art of Assembly Language* (2nd ed.). San Francisco: No Starch Press. ISBN 978-1-59327-207-4. LCCN 2009040777. OCLC 419869059. OL 24814110M.
* Hyde, Randall (2020). *Write Great Code: Volume 1 - Understanding the Machine* (2nd ed.). San Francisco: No Starch Press. ISBN 978-1-7185-0036-5.
* Hyde, Randall (2020). *Write Great Code: Volume 2 - Thinking Low-Level, Writing High-Level* (2nd ed.). San Francisco: No Starch Press. ISBN 978-1-7185-0038-9.
* Hyde, Randall (2020). *Write Great Code: Volume 3 - Engineering Software* (1st ed.). San Francisco: No Starch Press. ISBN 978-1-5932-7979-0.
* Hyde, Randall (1992). *The Waite Group's Microsoft Macro Assembler Bible* (2nd ed.). Carmel, Indiana: SAMS. ISBN 978-0-672-30155-1. LCCN 92070084. OCLC 180644556.
* Hyde, Randall (October 2021). *The Art of 64-Bit Assembly*. San Francisco: No Starch Press. ISBN 9781718501089.

### Early Apple programming books

* How to Program the Apple II Using 6502 Assembly Language (1981)
* p-Source (A Guide to the Apple Pascal System) (1983) ISBN 0881900044

## InfoBox

| Randall Hyde | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1956 (age 6768) |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | University of California, Riverside |
| Genre | Non-fiction |
| Subject | Technology |
| Website | |
| www.randallhyde.com | |


title: The Lottery and Other Stories

abstract: The Lottery and Other Stories is a 1949 short story collection by American author Shirley Jackson. Published by Farrar, Straus, it includes "The Lottery" and 24 other stories. This was the only collection of her stories to appear during her lifetime. Her later posthumous collections were Come Along with Me, edited by Stanley Edgar Hyman, and Just an Ordinary Day and Let Me Tell You, edited by her children Laurence Jackson Hyman and Sarah Hyman Stewart. Jackson's original title for this collection was The Lottery or, The Adventures of James Harris. Characters named James Harris appear in the stories "The Daemon Lover", "Like Mother Used to Make", "Elizabeth" and "Of Course." Other characters with the surname Harris appear or are referenced in "The Villager", "The Renegade", "Flower Garden", "A Fine Old Firm" and "Seven Types of Ambiguity." The collection also contains a short excerpt from the traditional ballad "The Daemon Lover", in which the title character's name is James Harris. The book bears the dedication "For my mother and father".

text:
# The Lottery and Other Stories

***The Lottery and Other Stories*** is a 1949 short story collection by American author Shirley Jackson. Published by Farrar, Straus, it includes "The Lottery" and 24 other stories. This was the only collection of her stories to appear during her lifetime. Her later posthumous collections were *Come Along with Me* (Viking, 1968), edited by Stanley Edgar Hyman, and *Just an Ordinary Day* (Bantam, 1995) and *Let Me Tell You* (Random House, 2015), edited by her children Laurence Jackson Hyman and Sarah Hyman Stewart.

Jackson's original title for this collection was *The Lottery or, The Adventures of James Harris*. Characters named James Harris appear in the stories "The Daemon Lover", "Like Mother Used to Make", "Elizabeth" and "Of Course." Other characters with the surname Harris appear or are referenced in "The Villager", "The Renegade", "Flower Garden", "A Fine Old Firm" and "Seven Types of Ambiguity." The collection also contains a short excerpt from the traditional ballad "The Daemon Lover", in which the title character's name is James Harris.

The book bears the dedication "For my mother and father".

## Contents

The second, third, and fourth sections are prefaced by quotations from *Saducismus Triumphatus*, a 17th century book about witchcraft, by Joseph Glanvill.

I

* "The Intoxicated"
* "The Daemon Lover"
* "Like Mother Used to Make"
* "Trial by Combat"
* "The Villager"
* "My Life with R. H. Macy"

II

* "The Witch"
* "The Renegade"
* "After You, My Dear Alphonse"
* "Charles"
* "Afternoon in Linen"
* "Flower Garden"
* "Dorothy and My Grandmother and the Sailors"

III

* "Colloquy"
* "Elizabeth"
* "A Fine Old Firm"
* "The Dummy"
* "Seven Types of Ambiguity"
* "Come Dance with Me in Ireland"

IV

* "Of Course"
* "Pillar of Salt"
* "Men with Their Big Shoes"
* "The Tooth"
* "Got a Letter from Jimmy"
* "The Lottery"

V

* "Epilogue"

## Reception

Anthony Boucher and J. Francis McComas praised the volume as "a brilliant collection of naturalistic glimpses of a world with terrifying holes in it."

Reappraising the book in 2011 for *The Guardian*, Stephanie Cross wrote:

> The title story might be the one for which Shirley Jackson is famed but, as this volume suggests, it was not entirely typical of her oeuvre. First published in 1948, "The Lottery" details a long-established rite that culminates in murder. Elsewhere, however, Jackson aims to disquiet rather than shock: the threat is often latent in Jackson's work, as Donna Tartt has observed. The weird farming community of "The Lottery" seems likewise anomalous: Jackson's protagonists tend to be mothers, or women starting their homemaking careers \[...\] There is sparkling comedy in this collection, as well as glimpses of Jackson the horror novelist \[...\] But there are also subtle studies of disillusionment and snobbery – Jackson is a sympathetic, penetrating observer of the domestic mundane – and, most notably in "Flower Garden", of racism. \[...\] Some short stories snap shut like traps – not Jackson's. Nevertheless, the way that they slide into place seems equally fated and final.

## InfoBox

The Lottery and Other Stories
| First edition cover | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Shirley Jackson |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Horror |
| Publisher | Farrar, Straus and Company |
| Publication date | 1949 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (hardcover) |
| Pages | 306 pp |


title: Tessin, Germany

abstract: Tessin is a town in the Rostock district, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It is situated on the river Recknitz, 22 km east of Rostock.

text:
# Tessin, Germany

**Tessin** (*Tessin bei Rostock*) is a town in the Rostock district, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It is situated on the river Recknitz, 22 km east of Rostock.

## Notable people

* Ernst Heydemann (1876–1930), German politician and from 1919 to 1930 mayor and Lord Mayor of the Hansestadt Rostock.
* Carl Heydemann (1878–1939), the last Lord Mayor in the Hansestadt Stralsund before the takeover of the National Socialists.
* Roland Methling (born 1954), engineer, Lord Mayor of the Hansestadt Rostock since 2005

## InfoBox

| Tessin | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Church in Tessin | |
|  | |
| Location of Tessin within Rostock district | |
| Tessin Tessin | |
| Coordinates: 54°1′N 12°28′E / 54.017°N 12.467°E / 54.017; 12.467 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Mecklenburg-Vorpommern |
| District | Rostock |
| Municipal assoc. | Tessin |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Fred Ibold |
| Area | |
| Total | 24.52 km2 (9.47 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 15 m (49 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 4,012 |
| Density | 160/km2 (420/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 18195 |
| Dialling codes | 038205 |
| Vehicle registration | LRO |
| Website | www.tessin.de |


title: Jorge Azanza

abstract: Jorge Azanza Soto is a Spanish former professional road bicycle racer. He last competed for the UCI ProTour team Euskaltel–Euskadi. In 2004, Azanza won his first and still only races, when he finished first in the overall rankings of the Vuelta a Córdoba. He also won Part A of the third stage in the Bidasoa Itzulia in that same year. In 2007 he made his Tour de France debut.

text:
# Jorge Azanza

**Jorge Azanza Soto** (born 16 June 1982 in Alsasua, Navarre) is a Spanish former professional road bicycle racer. He last competed for the UCI ProTour team Euskaltel–Euskadi.

In 2004, Azanza won his first and still only races, when he finished first in the overall rankings of the Vuelta a Córdoba. He also won Part A of the third stage in the Bidasoa Itzulia in that same year. In 2007 he made his Tour de France debut.

## Career achievements

### Major results

2004 1st Overall Vuelta a Cordoba 1st Stage 3a Bidasoa Itzulia 2005 9th Overall Vuelta a La Rioja 2006 6th Trofeo Magaluf-Palmanova

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Giro d'Italia |  |  |  |  | 67 |  | 33 |
| Tour de France | 81 |  |  |  |  | 74 |  |
| Vuelta a España |  |  |  |  | 97 |  | 90 |

Legend
|  | Did not compete |
| --- | --- |
| DNF | Did not finish |

## InfoBox

Jorge Azanza
| Azanza at the 2007 Tour de France. | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Jorge Azanza Soto |
| Born | (1982-06-16) 16 June 1982<br>Alsasua, Navarre, Spain |
| Height | 1.84 m (6 ft 12 in) |
| Weight | 67 kg (148 lb) |
| Team information | |
| Current team | Retired |
| Discipline | Road |
| Role | Rider |
| Professional teams | |
| 2005–2006 | Kaiku |
| 2007–2013 | Euskaltel–Euskadi |
|  | |
| Major wins | |
| Vuelta a Cordoba 2004 | |
|  | |


title: Cherney incision

abstract: The Cherney incision is an incision used in gynecologic surgery. It is similar to the Pfannenstiel incision but allows access to the space of Retzius and gives a larger area in which to operate.

text:
# Cherney incision

The **Cherney incision** is an incision used in gynecologic surgery. It is similar to the Pfannenstiel incision but allows access to the space of Retzius and gives a larger area in which to operate.

## Technique

The Cherney incision begins when the skin is cut 2-3 centimeters above the pubic symphysis and the surgeon dissects down to the rectus abdominis muscle. The surgeon then uses blunt dissection with the fingers to separate the tendons from the overlying fascia before cutting the tendons 1-2 centimeters above the pubic symphysis. The muscles are then lifted away, toward the patient's head (cephalad). Then, the peritoneum can be cut and the surgery can proceed.

## Complications

Complications can ensue. If surgical retractors are not placed carefully under the edges of the incision, they can damage the femoral nerve or other nerves in the area. If during wound closure, tendons are sewn directly to the pubic symphysis, osteitis pubis or osteomyelitis can result.


title: Shingon Risshu

abstract: Shingon-risshū The Shingon-risshū is a comparatively small medieval sect of Buddhism in Japan that arose in the Kamakura period as an offshoot of Shingon Buddhism. Its founder was a monk named Eison, a disciple of Jōkei, and carried further by Eison's disciple Ninshō. Shingon Risshū is marked by a greater emphasis on the vinaya than traditional Shingon Buddhism while still adhering to tantric practices. Its home temple is Saidai-ji.

text:
# Shingon Risshu

The **Shingon-risshū** (真言律宗, "The Shingon-Vinaya school") is a comparatively small medieval sect of Buddhism in Japan that arose in the Kamakura period as an offshoot of Shingon Buddhism. Its founder was a monk named Eison (叡尊 1201-1290), a disciple of Jōkei, and carried further by Eison's disciple Ninshō (忍性 1217-1303).

Shingon Risshū is marked by a greater emphasis on the vinaya than traditional Shingon Buddhism while still adhering to tantric practices. Its home temple is Saidai-ji.

* Watt, Paul B. (March 8, 1999). "Chapter 7: Eison and the Shingon Vinaya Sect". In Tanabe, George (ed.). *Religions of Japan in Practice*. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-05789-3.


title: Beanfeast

abstract: Beanfeast was a vegetarian ultra-processed food made by Batchelors, from soya. It was sold as a dried food, in packets, to be mixed with water and boiled, the cooked product resembling mince. The product was marketed in three varieties: Savoury Mince, Bolognese Style and Mexican Chilli. Beanfeast was the focus of protests against its manufacturer, Unilever, when it was found to contain genetically modified (GM) soya. The sales of the product dropped by 50%. After a meeting with Greenpeace in April 1999, Unilever agreed to remove GM ingredients. The product was discontinued by Batchelors in early 2020, with the explanation that it was "not selling well".

text:
# Beanfeast

**Beanfeast** was a vegetarian ultra-processed food made by Batchelors, from soya. It was sold as a dried food, in packets, to be mixed with water and boiled, the cooked product resembling mince. The product was marketed in three varieties: Savoury Mince, Bolognese Style and Mexican Chilli.

Beanfeast was the focus of protests against its manufacturer, Unilever, when it was found to contain genetically modified (GM) soya. The sales of the product dropped by 50%. After a meeting with Greenpeace in April 1999, Unilever agreed to remove GM ingredients.

The product was discontinued by Batchelors in early 2020, with the explanation that it was "not selling well".


title: Sierra Madre National Forest

abstract: Sierra Madre National Forest was established as the Sierra Madre Forest Reserve by the U.S. Forest Service in Wyoming on November 5, 1906 with 370,911 acres (1,501.02 km⁲). It became a National Forest on March 4, 1907. On July 1, 1908 the entire forest was combined with Park Range National Forest to create Hayden National Forest and the name was discontinued.

text:
# Sierra Madre National Forest

**Sierra Madre National Forest** was established as the **Sierra Madre Forest Reserve** by the U.S. Forest Service in Wyoming on November 5, 1906 with 370,911 acres (1,501.02 km2). It became a National Forest on March 4, 1907. On July 1, 1908 the entire forest was combined with Park Range National Forest to create Hayden National Forest and the name was discontinued.

41°26′20″N 106°47′46″W / 41.439°N 106.796°W / 41.439; -106.796


title: Doc Farrell

abstract: Edward Stephen "Doc" Farrell was an American infielder in Major League Baseball, playing mainly as a shortstop between 1925 and 1935 for the New York Giants, Boston Braves (1927–1929), St. Louis Cardinals (1930), Chicago Cubs (1930), New York Yankees (1932–1933), and Boston Red Sox (1935). Listed at 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m), 160 lb., Farrell batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Johnson City, New York. Farrell was the captain of the University of Pennsylvania baseball team before signing with the New York Giants prior to the 1925 season. A well-traveled utility, he played with six different teams in a span of nine years, including two stints for the Giants. His most productive season came in 1927, when he posted career-highs with a.316 batting average, 92 RBI, 57 runs, and 152 games while playing three different infield positions for the Giants and Braves, being considered in the National League MVP vote at the end of the season. He played exclusively at shortstop 132 games for the 1928 Braves and also won a World Series ring with the Yankees 1932 World Champions, despite he did not play in the Series. In a nine-season career, Farrell was a.260 hitter (467-for-1799) with ten home runs and 213 RBI in 591 games, including 181 runs, 63 doubles, eight triples, and 14 stolen bases. As a fielder, he appeared in 553 games at shortstop (376), second base (118), third base (56) and first base (3). Farrell died in Livingston, New Jersey, just six days shy of his 65th birthday. In his last will and testament, he requested that none of his grandchildren become fans of the Yankees organization due to issues with the team’s administration in his final year with the team.

text:
# Doc Farrell

**Edward Stephen "Doc" Farrell** (December 26, 1901 – December 20, 1966) was an American infielder in Major League Baseball, playing mainly as a shortstop between 1925 and 1935 for the New York Giants (1925–1927, 1929), Boston Braves (1927–1929), St. Louis Cardinals (1930), Chicago Cubs (1930), New York Yankees (1932–1933), and Boston Red Sox (1935). Listed at 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m), 160 lb., Farrell batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Johnson City, New York.

Farrell was the captain of the University of Pennsylvania baseball team before signing with the New York Giants prior to the 1925 season. A well-traveled utility, he played with six different teams in a span of nine years, including two stints for the Giants. His most productive season came in 1927, when he posted career-highs with a .316 batting average, 92 RBI, 57 runs, and 152 games while playing three different infield positions for the Giants and Braves, being considered in the National League MVP vote at the end of the season. He played exclusively at shortstop 132 games for the 1928 Braves and also won a World Series ring with the Yankees 1932 World Champions, despite he did not play in the Series.

In a nine-season career, Farrell was a .260 hitter (467-for-1799) with ten home runs and 213 RBI in 591 games, including 181 runs, 63 doubles, eight triples, and 14 stolen bases. As a fielder, he appeared in 553 games at shortstop (376), second base (118), third base (56) and first base (3).

Farrell died in Livingston, New Jersey, just six days shy of his 65th birthday. In his last will and testament, he requested that none of his grandchildren become fans of the Yankees organization due to issues with the team’s administration in his final year with the team.

## InfoBox

| Doc Farrell | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **Infielder** | |
| **Born:** (1901-12-26)December 26, 1901
Johnson City, New York, U.S. | |
| **Died:** December 20, 1966(1966-12-20) (aged 64)
Livingston, New Jersey, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| June 15, 1925, for the New York Giants | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| May 1, 1935, for the Boston Red Sox | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .260 |
| Home runs | 10 |
| Runs batted in | 213 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |


title: Deep Core (film)

abstract: Deep Core is a 2000 American action science fiction film. The film was generally poorly received.

text:
# Deep Core (film)

**Deep Core** is a 2000 American action science fiction film. The film was generally poorly received.

## Synopsis

Brian, the head drilling engineer of an unnamed company, sabotages the drilling operation as he is concerned that Alan the CEO is drilling too deep without taking necessary precautions.

Alan restarts the drilling operation on an island off the coast of China and while drilling using a mole-like machine, the drilling team hits a magma flow which kills them. This then causes a large volcanic eruption and earthquake.

Alan and Brian start investigating the effects of the drilling, with help from Allison Saunders, head of research and development at the company. They realize that they have affected the stability of the Earth's core, which is going to cause natural disasters all over the world. They figure that the only way to stop the magma flow and earthquakes is to use a series of nuclear explosions to reset the spinning of the Earth's core. They plan to drop these bombs using a new drilling machine.

The earthquakes start to spread all over the world, affecting major cities. Quito, Ecuador is hit and many important buildings are destroyed.

Darryl obtains the nuclear bombs from the Chinese government. However, they want their own team to do the drilling. Brian disagrees and assembles his own team including Allison and his drilling engineer colleagues Brian and Rodney. Alan also volunteers to be part of the team.

They prepare to drill down into the earth to position the nuclear bombs at strategic positions ready for a coordinated sequence of explosions. They start drilling down into the ground, and successfully drop the first 2 nuclear bombs. They have an issue with the cabin pressure, but after running diagnostics, they realize that the sensors malfunctioned and they manage to reset them.

A large piece of rock breaks one of the connections to the feet, which needs to be repaired. Allison and Rodney go outside to fix it. Meanwhile, Brian realizes that they have been drilling into a magma flow. The magma comes through the roof of the tunnel, killing Rodney. Brian goes outside and rescues Allison. They continue drilling to escape the Magma flow and drop the third nuclear bomb.

There is another large volcanic eruption from Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines, as the destabilization of the Earth's core gets worse.

Alan confesses that he has partnered with the Chinese government, that they had a lot of input into the design of the drilling vehicle, and that the vehicle will go to the government after the drilling mission so they can use it as a weapon. Darryl is contacted by Colonel Po, a Chinese government official who threatens him to ensure the government get control of the vehicle after the mission has been completed.

Meanwhile, the drilling team hits a cave full of diamonds, which they can't drill through so they must go around it. The drilling team successfully drops the fourth nuclear bomb, but due to their detour around the diamond cave, they run out of communication cable they have been laying to stay in contact with the command center. This initiates a self-destruct countdown of the bomb pod within the drilling vehicle.

They eject the bomb pod from the main mining vehicle, but Alan stays in the pod and delays the self-destruct by tying up the computer with a diagnostics program. Brian and his team find a magma flow, to get them to the surface away from the nuclear bombs before they detonate. The nuclear bombs all explode successfully. Brian and his team make it to the surface of the sea. They are rescued by the Coast Guard.

Darryl tries to cover up the fact that the drilling vehicle has survived and not fallen into the hands of the Chinese, by destroying all the evidence of the drilling vehicle. He then tries to escape in his car, but Colonel Po finds him and kills him.

## Cast

## Reception

IMDb gave the film a 2.6 out of 10, *AllMovie* gave the film a 1.5 out of 5, *Contact Music* gave the film a 1 out of 5, *TV Guide* gave the film a 2 out of 5 *Disaster Movie World* gave the film a 1 out of 5.

## InfoBox

| Deep Core | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Rodney McDonald |
| Written by |  |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Richard Clabaugh |
| Edited by | Randy Carter |
| Music by | Richard McHugh |
| Production<br>company | Unified Film Organization (UFO) |
| Distributed by |  |
| Release date | * October 21, 2000 (2000-10-21) |
| Running time | 86 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Schistometopum

abstract: Schistometopum is a genus of amphibian in the family Dermophiidae. S. thomense is only known from two islands in the Bight of Benin, but has been reported from "Upper Zaïre". This likely refers to an undiscovered third species.

text:
# Schistometopum

***Schistometopum*** is a genus of amphibian in the family Dermophiidae. *S. thomense* is only known from two islands in the Bight of Benin, but has been reported from "Upper Zaïre". This likely refers to an undiscovered third species.

## Species

| Binomial name and author | Common name |
| --- | --- |
|
| *Schistometopum gregorii* (Boulenger, 1895) | Witu caecilian, mud-dwelling caecilian, flood-plain-dwelling caecilian |
| *Schistometopum thomense* (Bocage, 1873) | São Tomé caecilian, Sao Tome caecilian, São Thomé caecilian, Aqua Ize caecilian, island caecilian, cobra bobo |
|

## InfoBox

| *Schistometopum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Schistometopum thomense* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Gymnophiona |
| *Clade*: | Apoda |
| Family: | Dermophiidae |
| Genus: | *Schistometopum*<br>Parker, 1941 |
|
| Species | |
| See text | |


title: Jorge Azkoitia

abstract: Jorge Azkoitia Gabiola is a Spanish retired professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.

text:
# Jorge Azkoitia

**Jorge Azkoitia Gabiola** (born 27 April 1974) is a Spanish retired professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.

## Club career

Born in Bilbao, Biscay, Azkoitia started playing professionally with local Sestao Sport Club in the Segunda División B, but eventually helped to the club's promotion to Segunda División. However, the team were relegated in 1996, and he signed with Basque neighbours Deportivo Alavés.

At Alavés, Azkoitia proved essential in the 1997–98 season, appearing in 39 games and scoring three goals in an eventual La Liga return after a four-decade absence. He was relatively used the following years, but had few opportunities in the 2000–01 campaign as the side achieved an historical runner-up position in the UEFA Cup; on 6 May 2000, his 87th-minute header marked their first-ever win against Real Madrid at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium (1–0).

Azkoitia joined Rayo Vallecano in summer 2001, being scarcely played in his first season. He was an important first-team element in the next two, but the Madrilenians dropped two consecutive divisions and he was sent off four times.

Subsequently, Azkoitia served second-division spells at Elche CF and SD Eibar. In 2005–06 he netted a career-best 11 goals, but suffered relegation with the latter. He then moved to Alicante CF for the following season, helping to a 2008 promotion to the second tier.

In the 2008–09 campaign, Azkoitia was once again instrumental for Alicante by scoring nine times in 33 league games, but the Valencians were immediately relegated. He retired from football at the age of 35, with professional totals of 310 matches and 39 goals.

## Honours

**Alavés**

## InfoBox

Jorge Azkoitia
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Jorge Azkoitia Gabiola | | |
| Date of birth | (1974-04-27) 27 April 1974 | | |
| Place of birth | Bilbao, Spain | | |
| Height | 1.82 m (5 ft 11+12 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defensive midfielder | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1993–1996 | Sestao | 50 | (2) |
| 1996–2001 | Alavés | 111 | (10) |
| 2001–2004 | Rayo Vallecano | 67 | (6) |
| 2004–2005 | Elche | 35 | (2) |
| 2005–2006 | Eibar | 35 | (11) |
| 2006–2009 | Alicante | 98 | (15) |
| Total |  | **396** | **(46)** |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Cdist

abstract:
cdist is a free software configuration management tool for Unix-like systems. It manages
nodes over SSH using the Bourne Shell, and does not require any additional software to be installed on target nodes. Cdist differentiates itself from competing configuration management systems by choosing the Bourne Shell as the primary language for writing configuration scripts and requiring effectively no dependencies on target nodes. Although cdist's core is written in Python, an interpreter is only required on the host machine, not target nodes. Cdist was forked in August 2022 as skonfig.

text:
# Cdist

**cdist** is a free software configuration management tool for Unix-like systems. It manages nodes over SSH using the Bourne Shell, and does not require any additional software to be installed on target nodes.

Cdist differentiates itself from competing configuration management systems by choosing the Bourne Shell as the primary language for writing configuration scripts and requiring effectively no dependencies on target nodes. Although cdist's core is written in Python, an interpreter is only required on the host machine, not target nodes.

Cdist was forked in August 2022 as **skonfig**.

## Development

cdist development started in 2010 at ETH Zurich and is actively being developed and is maintained primarily by Nico Schottelius and Steven Armstrong. cdist is being used at various companies in Switzerland (such as ETH Zurich and The OMA Browser project), the US, Germany and France.

## Features

cdist is a zero dependency configuration management system: It requires only ssh and a bourne-compatible shell on target hosts, which are provided by default on most Unix-like machines. Because of this, cdist can be used to bootstrap other configuration management systems.

## Installation and configuration

cdist is not typically installed as a package (like .deb or .rpm), but rather via git. All commands are run from the created checkout. The entry point for any configuration is the shell script conf/manifest/init, which is called initial manifest in cdist terms.

The main components of cdist are so called types, which bundle functionality. The types essentially consists of a number of shell scripts to define which types a type reuses and which code is generated to be executed on the target host.

## Architecture

cdist is split into two components:

* The core
* The configuration scripts

### Core

Cdist's core handles reading configuration and communicating with remote hosts. Like Ansible, cdist uses a "push" model to apply configuration changes: A cdist process on the "host" machine connects to any number of remote nodes via SSH and then performs configuration updates on those nodes. Cdist can configure multiple hosts in parallel to reduce the time spent configuring.

### Configuration

The configuration scripts define how the targets shall be configured. They are typically written in Bourne Shell and consists of

* The initial manifest, an entry point where all configuration runs begin. This script typically uses information about the target node, such as its hostname and operating system, to call other, more specific scripts which perform the actual configuration.
* Global Explorers, small scripts which glean information about the target system (such as operating system, init system, and hostname)
* Types, which describe reusable chunks of configuration. Types are instantiated in manifests and are the only way to actually run code on the target machines. The name "type" is meant as an analog to "class" in an object-oriented language, because a type can be turned into multiple "objects" depending on what parameters are passed to it. For instance, the `__file` type can be turned into multiple "objects", each one representing the creation of a certain file. Ansible's "roles" are the equivalent of cdist's types. Types can have many components:
    + Object ID: When a type is turned into an object, it is passed a unique object ID. The same type cannot be instantiated twice with the same ID. This ID is not random like a UUID, but rather is some unique identifier that is meaningful in relation to the type. For example, the `__file` type's ID is the absolute path to the file.
    + Parameters: Many types cannot be fully described by the object ID, and take additional information in the form of parameters. The `__file` type takes a `group` parameter which specifies to which Unix group should own the file.
    + Explorers: In addition to the global explorers described above, types sometimes have their own explorers that collect type-specific information from the remote machine. The `__file` type uses explorers to determine whether the file being created already exists. It sometimes uses this information to skip creation of the file.
    + Manifest: A type manifest can instantiate other types, making code re-use easy.
    + Gencode Scripts: The `gencode-remote` script is the main way to actually update the configuration of target nodes. `gencode-remote` runs on the local machine, but its standard output is sent to the remote machine and executed as a shell script. There is also a less frequently used `gencode-local` script which outputs code to be run locally.

Shell is the de facto language for writing cdist configuration scripts, but most of the scripts can be written in any language if they contain a suitable shebang line. Shell scripting is favored because of how simple it is to access environment variables, read files, and execute system commands.

## Configuration language

All user configurable parts are contained in manifests or gencode-scripts, which are shell scripts. Shell scripts were chosen, because Unix System Administrators are usually proficient in reading and writing shell scripts. Furthermore, shell is also commonly available on potential target systems, thus avoiding the need to install additional software there ("zero dependencies").

cdist reads its configuration from the initial manifest (**conf/manifest/init**), in which hosts are mapped to types:

```
case "$__target_host" in
    myhostname)
        __package zsh --state present
        __addifnosuchline /tmp/cdist-welcome --line "Welcome to cdist"
    ;;
esac

```

When using the types in cdist, they are called like normal programs in manifests and can make use of advanced parameter parsing as well as reading from stdin:

```
# Provide a default file, but let the user change it
__file /home/frodo/.bashrc --source "/etc/skel/.bashrc" \
   --state exists \
   --owner frodo --mode 0600

# Take file content from stdin
__file /tmp/whatever --owner root --group root --mode 644 --source - << DONE
Here goes the content for /tmp/whatever
DONE

```

Dependencies are expressed by setting up the **require** environment variable:

```
      __directory /tmp/foobar
      require="__directory//tmp/foobar" __file /tmp/foobar/baz

```

Access to paths and files within types is given by environment variables like $\__object.

## Similar software

Ansible, like cdist, uses an agentless push model to configure nodes. However, Ansible requires Python for some types of targets, whereas cdist does not. Ansible makes a distinction between roles, written in a declarative YAML-based language, and modules, written in Python. Cdist only has "types" which serve the purposes of both modules and roles and are mostly written in Bourne Shell. Cdist's approach might be preferable because Shell is familiar to many system administrators who have never used a configuration management system before, but Ansible's declarative language is arguably more readable and appropriate.

## InfoBox

cdist
|
|  |
| Original author(s) | Nico Schottelius, Steven Armstrong |
| Initial release | 2010 (2010) |
|  | |
| Stable release | 6.9.8 / 24 August 2021 (2021-08-24) |
|  | |
| Repository |  |
| Written in | Python, Bourne shell |
| Operating system | Linux, Unix-like, macOS |
| Type | Software configuration management |
| License | GNU General Public License version 3 or later |
| Website | www.cdi.st |


title: Rhinoplocephalus

abstract: Rhinoplocephalus is a genus of snake in the family Elapidae. The genus is monotypic, containing the sole species Rhinoplocephalus bicolor, known commonly as the square-nosed snake, Müller's snake, or Muller's [sic] snake. The species is endemic to south-western Australia.

text:
# Rhinoplocephalus

***Rhinoplocephalus*** is a genus of snake in the family Elapidae. The genus is monotypic, containing the sole species ***Rhinoplocephalus bicolor***, known commonly as the **square-nosed snake**, **Müller's snake**, or **Muller's** \[sic\] **snake**. The species is endemic to south-western Australia.

## Geographic range

Square-nosed snakes are found in the very far southern coastal areas of the Australian state of Western Australia., ranging from approximately Esperance in the east to somewhere west of Walpole. They typically inhabit swampy depressions in low heath and open forest, often overlapping in habitat with Elapognathus minor, the short-nosed snake. The species is often found in the disused nests of stick-ants (*Iridomyrmex* spp).

## Description

Square-nosed snakes are a small snake species, with male snout-vent lengths averaging 34.6 cm and female snout-vent lengths averaging 32.8 cm.

The dorsal surface of adult individuals is orange-brown, with orange-red sides fading to a pale cream colour on the ventral surface. Occasional animals can be found that are bright orange across the entire dorsal surface. There is also a strong ontogenetic shift in colour pattern, where neonates are dorsally blue with a yellow lateral region.

## Diet

The square-nosed snake is a reptile specialist, feeding primarily on scincid lizards such as those in the genera Ctenotus, Hemiergis and Morethia.

## Reproduction

As with some other cold climate Australia elapids, the species is ovoviviparous, giving birth to live young. Gravid females have been collected in October and January, suggesting similar reproductive patterns as for other southern elapid snakes in Australia. Litter sizes are typically small, with between one and five offspring being produced.

## Toxicity

Square-nosed snakes are mildly venomous, with a typical bite not dangerous to humans.

## Further reading

* Cogger HG (2014). *Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, Seventh Edition*. Clayton, Victoria, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. xxx + 1,033 pp. ISBN 978-0643100350.
* Müller F (1885). "*Fierter Nachtrag zum Katalog der herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums* ". *Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel* **7**: 668-717. (*Rhinoplocephalus*, new genus, p. 690; *R. bicolor*, new species, pp. 690–692 + Plate IX, figures f-i ). (in German).
* Wilson, Steve; Swan, Gerry (2013). *A Complete Guide to Reptiles of Australia, Fourth Edition*. Sydney: New Holland Publishers. 522 pp. ISBN 978-1921517280.

## InfoBox

| Müller's snake | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Elapidae |
| Genus: | *Rhinoplocephalus*
F. Müller, 1885 |
| Species: | ***R. bicolor*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Rhinoplocephalus bicolor***
F. Müller, 1885 | |
|


title: Ceradenia semiadnata

abstract: Ceradenia semiadnata is a species of fern in the family Polypodiaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Ceradenia semiadnata

***Ceradenia semiadnata*** is a species of fern in the family Polypodiaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Ceradenia semiadnata* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Polypodiales |
| Suborder: | Polypodiineae |
| Family: | Polypodiaceae |
| Genus: | *Ceradenia* |
| Species: | ***C. semiadnata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ceradenia semiadnata***
(Hook.) L.E.Bishop | |
|