title: Rhonda P. Hill

abstract: Rhonda Pnina Hill is an American fashion industry analyst, curator, founder of EDGE, editor-in-chief of EDGExpo.com, a fashion intelligence platform, known for her advocacy of women's rights and minority empowerment, and for promoting ecological and sociological integrity throughout the entire fashion industry supply chain. Starting in the late 1970s, pursuing a career in a fashion industry with endemic under-representation of African Americans, Hill rose to become the first African-American Vice President of Disney Consumer Products in 1998.

text:
# Rhonda P. Hill

**Rhonda Pnina Hill** (born in 1956) is an American fashion industry analyst, curator, founder of EDGE (Emerging Designers Get Exposure for fashion designers), editor-in-chief of EDGExpo.com, a fashion intelligence platform, known for her advocacy of women's rights and minority empowerment, and for promoting ecological and sociological integrity throughout the entire fashion industry supply chain.

Starting in the late 1970s, pursuing a career in a fashion industry with endemic under-representation of African Americans, Hill rose to become the first African-American Vice President of Disney Consumer Products in 1998.

## Early life and education

Hill was born in 1956 at Craig Air Force Base in Selma, Alabama. Her father was a Lieutenant Colonel in the United States Air Force and graduate of Tuskegee Institute, Tuskegee, Alabama with Master of Science degrees in Science Education from Tennessee State University, and Business Management from the University of Colorado, Boulder. Her mother was a school teacher and graduate of Alabama State University, Montgomery, Alabama. They were the first college-educated generation in their families. The Hills chose education and a military life to move away from the oppression they had experienced in the South. Rhonda Hill's first exposure to language occurred while her father was stationed in Tokyo, Japan.

Hill's father retired to Glendale, Arizona, where Hill graduated in 1974 from the all-female private high school, Xavier College Preparatory, in Phoenix, Arizona. In 1978, Hill graduated from the University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona with a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration.

## Career

After graduating, Hill moved to San Francisco to work for Macy's, where she was a fashion buyer. Hill held management positions with experience covering the entire production lifecycle of fashion products, including director at Agron Inc, a licensee for Adidas, manager of product development at Levis Strauss & Co, director at Warner Bros. Studio Stores, and Vice President of Disney Consumer Products.

After leaving her corporate positions, Hill founded EDGE (Emerging Designer Get Exposed) a fashion intelligence platform for exposing and mentoring emerging designers who meet certain standards of artistic, cultural, and sustainable practice. EDGE has become an international platform advocating ecological responsibility, design integrity, and human rights throughout the entire product life cycle for fashion products. Exposure of emerging fashion designers is primarily through the website EDGExpo.com which ran a series covering fashion production throughout Africa.

## Philosophy and sustainable fashion

A key feature of Hill's work has been the linking of fashion production and design to identity, and our cultural infrastructure. As Hill states, "The power of fashion lies in its ability to transform identity and culture."

The art historian and Head of School of Creative and Liberal Arts, Regent's University, London, Gill Stark, in her history of fashion presentation points out that Hill is known for a comprehensive approach, exposing fashion designers working throughout the African diaspora with an emphasis on women's rights, workforce empowerment, preserving traditional methods, responsible development of industry infrastructure by governments, with originality of design and its integration into personal identity. Hill says that cultures need to look at the sustainability and ecological responsibility throughout the entire product lifecycle, including how products are discarded, in addition to upcycling and recycling.

### Sustainable fashion

Hill is an advocate of sustainable fashion, for brands taking responsibility for the ecological impacts of clothing. As editor of EDGExpo.com, Hill has emphasized sustainable fashion content with a focus on up-and-coming fashion designers who work with sustainable materials, recycle, and upcycle new products from discarded materials. Hill's EDGE Africa series covers designers making a commitment to sustainable fashion, zero waste fashion, and recycling applications.

In the early 1990s, Hill was involved with one of the earliest comprehensive operating standards for responsibility and sustainability throughout the product lifecycle while at Levi Strauss & Co, called their Terms of Engagement (TOE), which has influenced her current advocacy through her EDGE fashion intelligence platform.

### Fashion history

Hill is also noted for her historical projects conducted yearly for the United States Black History Month in February that receive wide distribution in the fashion industry. Topics include surveys of African designers, the African diaspora, the Afropolitan, and studies like *A Study of Eight: The Untold American Story* which covered neglected achievements of Blacks involved in the history of American fashion from early Black ownership of American cotton mills to the role of Black models and designs in the 1973 Battle of Versailles that altered the status of American fashion design worldwide.

## Curatorial work

Hill is a proponent of fashion exhibits as a means of exposing fashion as an art within a contemporary and cultural context. Hill states that "Like art, fashion embodies the time we live in and society bears witness to the interpretation of its historical and cultural significance."

Hill curated the exhibition Blurred Boundaries: Fashion as an Art, that opened on September 21, 2018, at the GraySpace Gallery, Santa Barbara, California, featuring the designers Tingyue Jiang, Alena Kalana, Susan Tancer, and Hera Zhou. Hill claims that fashion is an artistic expression as valid as sculpture and painting.

## Personal life

Rhonda P. Hill lives in Portland, Oregon with her husband, visual artist, Erik Reel.


title: Beer cake

abstract: Beer cake is a cake prepared using beer as a primary ingredient, and other typical cake ingredients. Chocolate beer cakes may include stout and chocolate stout beer, and some gingerbread cakes include beer in their preparation. The Rabha tribe in India uses a type of beer cake prepared with rice to create rice beer and fotika, a liquor. Beer cake variations exist, such as root beer cake.

text:
# Beer cake

**Beer cake** is a cake prepared using beer as a primary ingredient, and other typical cake ingredients. Chocolate beer cakes may include stout and chocolate stout beer, and some gingerbread cakes include beer in their preparation. The Rabha tribe in India uses a type of beer cake prepared with rice to create rice beer and *fotika*, a liquor. Beer cake variations exist, such as root beer cake.

## Overview

The beer used in a beer cake may impart a yeasty flavor to the cake. The icing on a beer cake may also be prepared using beer as a primary ingredient. Stout and chocolate stout beer is sometimes used in the preparation of chocolate beer cakes.

Preparation variations also exist, such as using fruit in beer cake's preparation, such as blueberries. A technique is to muddle fruit in a glass, to which beer is added, and the resulting mixture is then used as an ingredient in the batter of the cake. Fruit may also be used to garnish a beer cake.

## Bolo de cerveja

Beer cake in Brazil and Portugal may be referred to as "Bolo de cerveja".

## Gingerbread cake

Some gingerbread cakes are prepared as beer cakes with the addition of beer; the beer can serve to enhance the flavor and richness of the cake. In gingerbread cakes, use of a dark beer may increase the cake's flavor by complementing the spices used in the dish. Conversely, the use of various beer styles has the potential to a decrease the quality of a gingerbread cake. For example, the use of a lager can create a bitter cake, and use of a stout may imbue too much heaviness to the cake.

## Rice-beer cake

The Rabha tribe in the Goalpara district, State of Assam, India, commonly refers to rice-beer cake as *bakhor*, *phap* or *surachi*, where it is used to create rice beer, known as *choko*, which may then distilled to create a liquor called *fotika*. The rice-beer cake is prepared using rice that has been ground into a paste and several plants, which is mixed with cooked rice and previously prepared rice-beer cake. A type of cylindrical bamboo net called a *janthi* is placed inside of a vessel known as a *jonga*, and the rice-beer cake is placed in the jonga outside of where the *janthi* is placed. The jonga is carefully sealed with banana leaf that has been warmed by fire, and the mixture sits to ferment. After aging, the liquid in the *janthi* is drinkable as a rice beer. To create the *fotika* liquor, the liquid in the *janthi* has additional rice cake and water added to it, and it then sits to age some more. After this time, the mixture is then distilled to create the potent *fotika* liquor. People of the Rabha tribe believe that *fotika* has curative properties for people with psychiatric conditions.

## Root beer cake

Root beer cake is a type of beer cake prepared using root beer as a primary ingredient. Preparations of root beer may be non-alcoholic or alcoholic.

## Porter cake

Porter cake is a traditional Irish cake that some people say is associated with St Patrick's Day. It is a fruit cake traditionally made using the beer Porter, though stouts such as Guinness may be substituted.

## Further reading


title: Beckton, Kentucky

abstract: Beckton is an unincorporated community in Barren County, Kentucky, United States.

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# Beckton, Kentucky

**Beckton** is an unincorporated community in Barren County, Kentucky, United States.

## InfoBox

| Beckton | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| BecktonLocation within the state of KentuckyBecktonBeckton (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 36°59′3″N 86°2′11″W / 36.98417°N 86.03639°W / 36.98417; -86.03639 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kentucky |
| County | Barren |
| Elevation | 751 ft (229 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CST) |
| GNIS feature ID | 486648 |


title: Beautiful (Sarah De Bono song)

abstract: "Beautiful" is a song by Australian recording artist Sarah De Bono, released as a promotional single for The Voice (Australia) on 18 June 2012. The song was originally written with Australian hitmaker producer 'Jhay C' which peaked at number four on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified gold.

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# Beautiful (Sarah De Bono song)

**"Beautiful"** is a song by Australian recording artist Sarah De Bono, released as a promotional single for *The Voice* (Australia) on 18 June 2012. The song was originally written with Australian hitmaker producer 'Jhay C' which peaked at number four on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified gold.

## Background

According to Bono, she wrote the song at the age of 16 whilst "going through a tough time, and I wanted to write a song about being beautiful on the inside. That’s what really counts, and I just wanted it to be a feel good track that tells people its what is inside, not outside, that counts. I don’t care what you look like, its your heart that really matters, I want to feel your heart."

## Track listing

* **Digital download**

1. "Beautiful" (The Voice Performance) – 2:23

## Charts and certifications

## Release history

| Country | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Australia | 18 June 2012 | Digital download | Universal Music Australia |

## InfoBox

| "Beautiful" | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional single by Sarah De Bono | |
| from the album  *No Shame* | |
| Released | 18 June 2012 (2012-06-18) |
| Recorded | 2012 |
| Length | 2:23 |
| Label | Universal |
| Songwriter(s) | Sarah De Bono, J Cabrera |


title: Richard Gilkey

abstract: Richard Charles Gilkey was an American painter, often associated with the 'Northwest School' of artists. During his long career he became one of the most acclaimed painters in the Pacific Northwest, with an original and highly distinctive style. He was particularly well known for his landscapes depicting the Skagit Valley in western Washington.

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# Richard Gilkey

**Richard Charles Gilkey** (December 20, 1925  October 3, 1997) was an American painter, often associated with the 'Northwest School' of artists. During his long career he became one of the most acclaimed painters in the Pacific Northwest, with an original and highly distinctive style. He was particularly well known for his landscapes depicting the Skagit Valley in western Washington.

## Early life

Gilkey was born in Bellingham, Washington, on December 20, 1925, and spent his first six years in British Columbia, Canada, where his father worked in the logging industry as a timber cruiser, identifying and marking trees to be cut down. The family then returned to Washington's Skagit Valley region (where Gilkey's paternal great-grandfather and maternal grandfather had been early residents), living in March Point, a small town near Anacortes. When Richard was twelve, his family moved to Seattle, where he and his brother Tom, who was two years older, attended Ballard High School. There he enjoyed art classes with Orre Nobles, and showed an aptitude for sketching. This would be his only formal art education.

On December 8, 1941, the day after the Pearl Harbor attack, Tom Gilkey enlisted in the Marine Corps, and Richard, at age 17, soon followed suit. He served in the 3rd Marine Raider Battalion, and was in heavy fighting on the island of Bougainville during the Solomon Islands campaign. Wounded multiple times, he was discharged in August, 1944. He attempted to complete his education at Ballard High School, but left after two weeks.

## Career

Gilkey worked a succession of jobs, including sailor, ranch hand, and logger, while at the same time developing both an interest in art and a reputation as a barroom brawler. A private tour of the Seattle Art Museum offered by assistant director Ed Thomas had a profound effect on him, leaving him particularly moved by the works of Guy Anderson, Morris Graves, and Mark Tobey. Years later, he wrote:

“The discovery of works by Anderson, Graves and Tobey in the Seattle Art Museum was a revelation and a turning point in my life. Here were paintings that addressed my concerns from very different points of view. Guy Anderson had painted the fallen parachutist, the wounded and damaged warrior, figures in rocks, in the sea and on the beach. Graves used personal symbols to indicate his feeling of the senselessness of war: birds, moons, gloves and urns. Tobey enmeshed figures, cities and worlds in threaded light and pointed to the unity of energy in all forms and deplored the egocentrism of warring nations. After meeting these artists, I gained from their encouragement, guidance and friendship".

With their encouragement, he opened a studio in Seattle's Skid Road area. In 1948 a $1,000 inheritance from his grandmother allowed him to spend four months touring the great museums of Europe; he was especially impressed by the works of Rembrandt, Francisco Goya, and Vincent van Gogh. Returning to Seattle, he spent the next few years developing his painting style while living in a small apartment with fellow painter Leo Kenney. He also became a fixture at the Blue Moon Tavern, the locus of Seattle's 'Beat' counterculture, near the University of Washington. In 1954 Gilkey, William Ivey, Ward Corley, and Jack Stangle were featured in a four-man show at the Seattle Art Museum.

In 1958 a Guggenheim Fellowship allowed him to spend a year traveling and studying in Europe. He spent several months in Ireland and Italy, and had a memorable, spontaneous encounter with Pablo Picasso and his wife, Jacqueline Roque.

On his return, Gilkey's art began to reach maturity. Unmoved by Abstract Expressionism and the emerging Pop Art of the 1960s, he began making regular painting trips to the Skagit Valley, primarily working outdoors. In 1975 he purchased and remodeled a studio house in the Skagit Flats. His origins in the area and the beauty of the region were reflected in his paintings. Over the course of his career, Gilkey developed a distinctive style that stimulated his intellectual curiosity. He sought answers about the nature of the Universe that were scientific rather than philosophical, and material rather than metaphysical. Later in his career, Gilkey turned to painting abstractions, using black and white to represent the ancient Chinese philosophy of yin and yang.

Although he now avoided barroom brawling, Gilkey remained a temperamental figure, well known for his disputes with gallery owners, curators, and critics, and for his dislike of the 'gallery system'. The first independent show of Gilkey's work, mounted by his longtime friend Janet Huston, took place in March 1977, at a space in downtown Seattle. After *Seattle Post-Intelligencer* art critic Richard Campbell expressed disapproval of his use of a private agent, an outraged Gilkey appeared at the newspaper's office, gave Campbell a tongue lashing, and overturned his desk before stalking out

In 1982, Gilkey's work was included in a show of Pacific Northwest artists at Osaka's National Museum of Art, along with art by George Tsutakawa, Paul Horiuchi, Guy Anderson, Kenneth Callahan, Morris Graves, Leo Kenney, Philip McCracken, Mark Tobey, and other artists chosen for their interest in the Asian tradition. Wrote Gilkey:

"The Japanese nature spirit pervades many facets of life and becomes a celebration of nature, transformed through art. Artists have the potential to advance a heightened perception of reality and by this process enhance both art and living, which are one."

An automobile accident while on vacation in New Mexico in December 1984 left Gilkey with several crushed vertebrae. He was unable to paint for three years. Two years after that, his new works, representing his explorations of the nature of consciousness, were shown at Janet Huston's newly opened gallery in the Skagit Valley, and were greeted with critical acclaim, good sales, and an award from the Governor of the State of Washington.

On a day in early November that he described as "the best and the worst day of my life," Gilkey, 64, was named grand prize winner of the Osaka Triennale 1990 Exhibition, a juried competition with 30,000 entries from around the world. At 4 a.m. the same day, a levee on the Skagit River broke, flooding his Fir Island studio. Gilkey had to row a skiff out to his house to pick up a coat and the acceptance speech he'd written to fax to Osaka.

## Death

In September 1997, Gilkey, who was already having heart trouble, was diagnosed with lung cancer. Shortly after the diagnosis, he drove to Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Some time before noon on Friday, October 3, 1997, he parked his pickup truck on the side of a dirt road near the summit of 9,600-foot Togwotee Pass in the Grand Tetons, and fatally shot himself. He was 71 years old. His body was found later that day by a forest ranger.

He left behind a note quoting the *Meditations* of Marcus Aurelius: "This is the chief thing: Be not perturbed, for all things are according to the nature of the Universal, and in a little time you will be no one and nowhere."

Gilkey's paintings are included in many museum collections of the Pacific Northwest, including the Seattle Art Museum. Gilkey also has work in many private and public collections, including the King County Arts Commission, *The Seattle Times*, and Swedish Hospital in Seattle. A large three-panel mural – each panel measuring 6 feet by 20 feet – hangs on the fourth floor of the Washington State Convention Center, also in Seattle.


title: Richard Gilder

abstract: Richard Gilder Jr., was an American stockbroker and philanthropist. He was a co-founder of the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. He also headed the brokerage firm Gilder, Gagnon, Howe & Co., whose specialty is trading leveraged stocks and shortselling. Gilder joined forces with George Soros in revitalizing Central Park, which galvanized the creation of the Central Park Conservancy, of which he was a trustee.

text:
# Richard Gilder

**Richard Gilder Jr.** (May 31, 1932 – May 12, 2020), was an American stockbroker and philanthropist. He was a co-founder of the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. He also headed the brokerage firm Gilder, Gagnon, Howe & Co., whose specialty is trading leveraged stocks and shortselling. Gilder joined forces with George Soros in revitalizing Central Park, which galvanized the creation of the Central Park Conservancy, of which he was a trustee.

## Early life and education

Gilder was born in Manhattan on May 31, 1932, a fifth-generation New Yorker of Bohemian Jewish descent. His father, Richard Sr., worked as a property manager for a real estate company; his mother, Jane (Moyse), was a housewife. Gilder attended Northfield Mount Hermon School before enrolling in Yale College, graduating in 1954 with a BA in history. He received a Doctor of Humane Letters in 2007 from Yale. He provided $4 million, over half the necessary funding, in honor of his daughter, Virginia Gilder, a two-time Olympian, for the recently completed Gilder Boathouse for Yale rowers. The boathouse carries only the Gilder last name to honor three generations of Yale alumni.

## Career

After working at the brokerage firm of A.G. Becker & Co., Gilder founded the firm now known as Gilder, Gagnon, Howe & Co. in 1968. He was chairman of the executive committee at the New-York Historical Society and served on the executive board of the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture. With Lewis Lehrman he was a co-founder (1994) and trustee of the Gilder Lehrman Institute.

Gilder worked together with George Soros in 1974 to revitalize Central Park. Their efforts led to the creation of the Central Park Conservancy six years later, and he served as a trustee of that organization. In 1993, he made the then-largest private donation to a public park when he promised $17 million if the Conservancy and the municipality did the same.

He was also a trustee of the Morgan Library and Museum, the American Museum of Natural History, and the Thomas Jefferson Foundation. He was chairman emeritus of the Manhattan Institute, a conservative think-tank, and the Club for Growth, a conservative political action committee, to which his ex-wife Virginia James continues to be a major donor. In 2005, Gilder and Lewis Lehrman received the National Humanities Medal for their work promoting the study of American history. He then set up a PhD program at the American Museum of Natural History in his own name, the Richard Gilder Graduate School at AMNH.

## Personal life

Gilder had four children, all from his first marriage to Britt-Marie Lagerljung. One of his daughters, Virginia Gilder (born 1958), also a Yale graduate, was a member of the American women's quadruple sculls team that won the silver medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics. and is a co-owner of the Seattle Storm, a professional women's basketball team in the WNBA. His other children were Peggy, Britt-Louise, and Richard Gilder III.

Gilder's marriage to Britt-Marie, as well as his subsequent marriages to Virginia Chromiak and then Teresa Maria Dempsey, all ended in divorce. In 2005 he married former model and actress Lois Chiles. Her paternal uncle was oil tycoon Eddie Chiles.

Gilder died on May 12, 2020, at his home in Charlottesville, Virginia, at the age of 87. News of his death was first announced by his wife, who confirmed that it was due to congestive heart failure.

## InfoBox

| Richard Gilder | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1932-05-31)May 31, 1932
Manhattan, New York City, U.S. |
| Died | May 12, 2020(2020-05-12) (aged 87)
Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Yale College |
| Spouses | * Britt-Marie Lagerljung (divorced)
Virginia Chromiak (divorced)
Teresa Maria Dempsey (divorced) *   Lois Chiles (m. 2005) |
| Children | 4, including Virginia |


title: Richard Wallop (judge)

abstract: Richard Wallop (1616–1697) was an English judge.

text:
# Richard Wallop (judge)

**Richard Wallop** (1616–1697) was an English judge.

## Life

Wallop was baptized at Bugbrooke in Northamptonshire on 10 June 1616. He was the son of John Wallop (d.1655) and his wife Margery daughter of Gerard Hawtayne of Easington, Oxfordshire and Grandson of Richard Wallop of Bugbrooke, and of Mary his wife, sister and coheiress of William Spencer of Everdon, Northamptonshire. His grandfather was the third son of Sir Oliver Wallop of Farleigh-Wallop, and younger brother of Sir Henry Wallop.

Richard Wallop the younger matriculated at Pembroke College, Oxford, on 10 October 1634, and graduated B.A. on 2 June 1635. He was called to the bar by the Middle Temple in February 1646, and became a bencher in 1666. In 1673 he was treasurer of the Middle Temple. His political views were anti-royalist, and he was frequently retained against the government in state trials during the reigns of Charles II and James II. He was counsel for William Petre, 4th Baron Petre when the articles of impeachment were brought up against the five lords concerned in the Popish Plot in April 1679. In October 1680 he acted for Sir Oliver Butler in his legal case against the king, and in March 1681 for James, Duke of York, indicted for recusancy. On this occasion he moved that the trial might be put off till Easter, alleging that the accused might then have a plea of conformity. This was granted.

He was leading counsel for William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford, when brought to trial on 4 December 1680. As counsel for the prisoner, he spoke (7 May 1681) in support of the plea in abatement in the case of Edward Fitzharris. He was one of the counsel for the Henry Danvers, 1st Earl of Danby when brought to the court of king's bench from the Tower of London on 4 February 1684. He defended Laurence Braddon and Hugh Speke in February 1684, and argued for arrest of judgment, in the case of Thomas Rosewell on 27 November 1684. He was counsel for Baxter at his trial in February 1685, and in the same month was assigned counsel for Titus Oates, when pleading ‘not guilty’ to the two indictments against him for perjury. He also acted as counsel for the plaintiff in the case of Arthur Godden v. Sir Edward Hales, in an action for debt upon the test act in June 1686. He was constantly incurring the displeasure of Judge Jeffreys, who never lost an opportunity of browbeating him.

Wallop was made cursitor baron of the exchequer on 16 March 1696, and died on 22 August 1697. He was buried in the Temple church on the 26th. In his will, proved on 28 August 1697, he left all his property to his widow Marie, with the care of his daughter and her children.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Wallop, Richard". *Dictionary of National Biography*. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.


title: Richard Waller (naturalist)

abstract: Richard Waller FRS was an English naturalist, translator and illustrator, long-time member and secretary of the Royal Society. Little is known about his early life. He became a member of the Royal Society on 27 April 1681, acting as secretary from 1687 to 1709, and again from 1710 to 1714, and member of its council from 1686 to 1699, Vice-President during Isaac Newton’s presidency. Waller edited the Philosophical Transactions from 1691 to 1695, also acting as translator for submissions from abroad. His Essays of Natural Experiments, a translation of the collection of essays Saggi di naturali esperienze of the Accademia del Cimento is one of the important early publications by the Royal Society. The archive of the Royal Society also holds a number of botanical illustrations by Waller, possibly intended for a publication by John Ray. His fossil drawings were rediscovered together with Robert Hooke’s drawings in the British Library. On Hooke's death in 1703, his records were entrusted to Waller, parts of which were edited by Waller and published as Hooke’s Posthumous Works (1705). Waller had an extensive library, and often exchanged books with Hooke. In 1685, Waller married Anne Blackwell (1669–1744), a daughter of the Bristol wine merchant, Jonathan Blackwell, and noted for funding the construction of the Christmas Steps. Waller’s children did not survive to adulthood. Accordingly, Waller’s estate, including the library and a house in Northaw, Hertfordshire, passed to his widow Anne. She in turn made her younger brother, Jonathan Blackwell, her sole heir. Jonathan was also a Fellow of the Royal Society, and had been nominated by Waller, though apparently he was not scientifically active. Waller most likely died at his residence in Northaw, Hertfordshire, at some point between 23 December 1714 and 13 January 1715.

text:
# Richard Waller (naturalist)

**Richard Waller** FRS (d. 1715) was an English naturalist, translator and illustrator, long-time member and secretary of the Royal Society.

Little is known about his early life. He became a member of the Royal Society on 27 April 1681, acting as secretary from 1687 to 1709, and again from 1710 to 1714, and member of its council from 1686 to 1699, Vice-President during Isaac Newton’s presidency. Waller edited the *Philosophical Transactions* from 1691 to 1695, also acting as translator for submissions from abroad.

His *Essays of Natural Experiments*, a translation of the collection of essays *Saggi di naturali esperienze* of the Accademia del Cimento is one of the important early publications by the Royal Society. The archive of the Royal Society also holds a number of botanical illustrations by Waller, possibly intended for a publication by John Ray. His fossil drawings were rediscovered together with Robert Hooke’s drawings in the British Library. On Hooke's death in 1703, his records were entrusted to Waller, parts of which were edited by Waller and published as *Hooke’s Posthumous Works* (1705). Waller had an extensive library, and often exchanged books with Hooke.

In 1685, Waller married Anne Blackwell (1669–1744), a daughter of the Bristol wine merchant, Jonathan Blackwell (d. 1676), and noted for funding the construction of the Christmas Steps. Waller’s children did not survive to adulthood. Accordingly, Waller’s estate, including the library and a house in Northaw, Hertfordshire, passed to his widow Anne. She in turn made her younger brother, Jonathan Blackwell, her sole heir. Jonathan was also a Fellow of the Royal Society, and had been nominated by Waller, though apparently he was not scientifically active.

Waller most likely died at his residence in Northaw, Hertfordshire, at some point between 23 December 1714 and 13 January 1715.

## Bibliography

*Philosophical Transactions* * *Observations on the Cicindela Volans, or Flying Glow-Worm, with the Figure Thereof Made, and Dsiegned by Richard Waller Esq. F. of the R. S.* Band 15, 1685, 841–845, doi:10.1098/rstl.1685.0003.
* *A Catalogue of Simple and Mixt Colours, with a Specimen of Each Colour Prefixt to Its Proper Name*. vol. 16, 1686, 24–32, doi:10.1098/rstl.1686.0005.
* *Some Observations Made on the Spawn of Frogs, and of the Production of Todpoles therein*. vol. 16, 1686, 523–524, doi:10.1098/rstl.1686.0096.
* *Observations in the Dissection of a Paroquet*. vol. 18, 1694, 153–157, doi:10.1098/rstl.1694.0031.
* *Some Observations Sent from the East-Indies; Being in Answer to Some Queries Sent Thither*. vol. 20, 1698, 273–277, doi:10.1098/rstl.1698.0053.
* *Part of a Letter from Richard Waller, Esq; S R. S. to Dr. Hans Sloane, R. S. Secr. concerning Two Deaf Persons, Who can Speak and Understand What is Said to Them by the Motion of the Lips*. vol. 25, 1706, 2468–2469, doi:10.1098/rstl.1706.0060.
* *A Description of That Curious Natural Machine, the Wood-Peckers Tongue, etc.* vol. 29, 1714, 509–522, doi:10.1098/rstl.1714.0067.

as translator * *Essayes of Natural Experiments made in the Academie del Cimento*. Benjamin Alsop, London 1684, (online).
* *The Measure of the Earth* In: Perrault, Claude: *Memoir's for a natural history of animals : containing the anatomical descriptions of several creatures dissected by the Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris*. 1688, (online).

as editor

## Sources

* Boschiero, L.: *Translation, Experimentation and the Spring of the Air: Richard Waller's Essayes of Natural Experiments*. In: *Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London* 64.1, 2010, 67–83, doi:10.1098/rsnr.2009.0026
* Ezell, M. J. M.: *Richard Waller, SRS: „In the Pursuit of Nature“*. In: *Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London* 38, 1984, 215–233, doi:10.1098/rsnr.1984.0013.
* Lyons, H. G.: *Richard Waller (About 1650 to 1715)*. In: *Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London* 3, 1940, 92–94, doi:10.1098/rsnr.1940.0010.
* Lotte Mulligan: *Waller, Richard (c.1660–1715)*. In: *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography*. Oxford University Press, 2008 doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/48707

Media related to Richard Waller (naturalist) at Wikimedia Commons


title: Bee Cliff (Tennessee)

abstract: The Bee Cliff is a prominent northeast Tennessee geological limestone feature with high caves that overlooks the Watauga River and the Siam community of Carter County, Tennessee.

text:
# Bee Cliff (Tennessee)

The **Bee Cliff** is a prominent northeast Tennessee geological limestone feature with high caves that overlooks the Watauga River and the Siam community of Carter County, Tennessee.

## Geography

Bee Cliff is located in northeastern Tennessee at 36°21′07″N 82°08′11″W / 36.35194°N 82.13639°W / 36.35194; -82.13639 36.351944° North, -82.136389° West.

The lower face of the Bee Cliff is across and immediately above the Watauga River from Wilbur Dam Road.

The summit of the Bee Cliff is located off Blue Springs Road across the Watauga River from the Wilbur Dam Road.

The elevation at the Bee Cliff summit is 1,968 feet (600 m).

### Travel afloat

By travel afloat on the Watauga River, the Bee Cliff is located approximately 10 to 15 minutes downstream from the Tennessee Valley Authority Wilbur and Watauga dams and approximately one hour and forty-five minutes upstream of the city of Elizabethton, Tennessee.

For whitewater rafting and kayaking on the Watauga River, the most popular Carter County "put-in" for whitewater rafting is found immediately downstream of the Wilbur Dam and the most popular "take-out" is found approximately 2 to 2½ hours downstream (depending upon the volume of the reservoir release and other factors) at the Blackbottom riverside portion of the linear trail in Elizabethton. While floating downstream "straight shot" on the Watauga River, you can reference several local landmarks in order to estimate your length of time and distance on the river to Elizabethton:

* approximately thirty minutes to float downstream to the old iron bridge at the Siam community (long stretch of flat water);
* approximately sixty minutes to float to the first concrete bridge at the Hunter community (beginning of brief swift and punchy rapids on right bank);
* approximately ninety minutes to float to the concrete U.S. Highway 19E bridge and Carter Mansion (coming on fast rapids onto steep left bank) at Elizabethton, and;
* approximately one hundred twenty minutes (two hours) to float to the Blackbottom "take-out" in Elizabethton.

The distance afloat from the put-in at Wilbur Dam to the Blackbottom take-out is approximately seven miles (11 km).

## Bee Cliff Rapids

### Difficulty of the rapids

Immediately before the Bee Cliff is an approximately 150 yard stretch of Class I and Class II whitewater rapids on the Watauga River known locally as the **Bee Cliff Rapids** (although some North Carolina river guides mistakenly refer to this run as the *Anaconda Rapids*). The Bee Cliff Rapids are approximately 15 to 20 minutes downstream of the TVA Wilbur Dam "put-in" or launch.

On the left-hand (port) downstream side of the Bee Cliff Rapids (and on the opposite side of the Watauga River from the Bee Cliff) is a private, wooded area with trails --- utilized by commercial rating companies with paid landing permit --- running parallel with and further downstream from the Bee Cliff Rapids. Locals also refer to this particular wooded section of the Watauga River as "Bee Cliff'.

The international scale of river difficulty classification of these rapids at the Bee Cliff are largely dependent upon the scheduled release of impounded reservoir water from behind the Tennessee Valley Authority Wilbur and Watauga Dams. TVA runs a summer release schedule that frequently provides considerably faster water, especially on Saturdays, for what local river guides refer to as "Big Water Saturday". This means that the Bee Cliff Rapids and the rest of the Watauga River can approach higher-end Class II and Class III (especially when the TVA is also releasing water over the Wilbur Dam spillways).

### Water hazards

There are several minor water hazards at the Bee Cliff Rapids that paddlers should keep in mind:

* Personal flotation devices (life jackets) and water footwear are required;
* The water temperature is approximately 53 °F (12 °C) (even during the summer months) as this impounded reservoir water being released from behind a dam;
* Be aware that the "Big Hole" (formed by water dropping over an underwater ledge) is found approximately 10 to 20 feet (3–6 m) off the downstream port (left) bank near the end of the Bee Cliff Rapids;
* Rain and prevailing wind conditions through the Siam valley often create thick blankets of fog following moderate to heavy rain storms;
* Steep underwater slides are found in the center-to-starboard (right) downstream bottom section of the Bee Cliff Rapids that can easily flip a canoe end-over-end;
* A sharp-edged and small limestone boulder found above the waterline that has punctured inflatable rafts is located at the downstream starboard (right) bank immediately at the end of the Bee Cliff Rapids.

## Recreation

Whitewater rafting, kayaking, canoeing, fly fishing, and angling with fishing reels are all popular recreation activities pursued at the Bee Cliff. Rainbow trout, brown trout, and striped bass are all caught in the Watauga River.

### Whitewater

The Watauga River downstream of the TVA dams draws commercial rafting outfitters from both northeast Tennessee and western North Carolina during the summer months and commercial fishing guides throughout the year.The picturesque Class II+ Bee Cliff Rapids on the Watauga River (also referred to the "Anaconda Rapids" by some North Carolina-based rafting companies) are found downstream between Wilbur Dam and the Siam Bridge, southeast of Elizabethton, Tennessee.

For commercial whitewater rafting and kayaking on the Watauga River, the most popular Carter County "put-in" for is immediately downstream of the TVA Wilbur Dam, and the most popular "take-out" is 2 to 2½ hours downstream (depending upon the volume of the reservoir release and other factors) at the Blackbottom riverside portion of the city linear trail park in Elizabethton.

The distance afloat for paddlers from the put-in at Wilbur Dam to the Blackbottom take-out is approximately seven miles with landmarks along the Watauga River providing good estimate of time and distance traveled.

| Wilbur Dam to Bee Cliff Rapids | \- 15 minutes |
| --- | --- |
| Wilbur Dam to Siam Bridge | \- 45 minutes |
| Wilbur Dam to Hunter Bridge (TWRA put-in/take out) | \- 75 minutes |
| Wilbur Dam to Gilbert Peters Bridge at US 19-E in Elizabethton | \- 105 minutes |
| Wilbur Dam to Bristol Bridge in Elizabethton | \- 135 minutes |

The Watauga also has a section of Class IV-V whitewater popular with expert kayakers, upstream of Watauga Lake. This section requires significant rainfall to bring it up to runnable levels. It features continuous steep boulder bed rapids dropping up to 150 feet per mile (28 m/km), and several falls and ledges only runnable by expert paddlers.

### TVA recreation areas

The Tennessee Valley Authority maintains a self-service public campground just minutes upstream of the Bee Cliff. Amenities and recreational opportunities at the TVA Watauga Dam Tailwater Campground include 29 camp sites with electric hookups, rest rooms with heated showers and flush toilets, dump station, public phone, picnic tables and grills, canoe access, boat ramps above and below dam, lake and river fishing, hiking trail, walking trail, wildlife viewing area, birdwatching.

### Influence of weather

The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) regulates flow of the Watauga River by scheduling the release of deep, impounded reservoir waters from behind both the TVA Watauga Dam and the TVA Wilbur Dam. As a result, the summer temperature of the Watauga River at the Bee Cliff is approximately 52–53°F (11–12°C). The Watauga River is generally comfortable for kayaking, canoeing, and rafting during the summer months, but care must be taken to prevent hypothermia by prolonged exposure to the cold river water.

As TVA also guarantees a minimum release schedule during the summer season for riverine recreation below the TVA Wilbur Dam, the Watauga River will draw commercial whitewater rafting companies from distant rivers ---such as the Nolichucky River running through Erwin, Tennessee in Unicoi County--- when lack of adequate summer rain fall will not allow for rafting trips on these naturally flowing rivers during seasonal droughts.

| **Climate of the Bee Cliff at Elizabethton, Tennessee** | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Annual |
| Avg °F(°C) | 34.0°F 1.1°C | 37.4°F 3.0°C | 47.2°F 8.4°C | 55.2°F 12.9°C | 63.4°F 17.4°C | 71.1°F 21.7°C | 74.4°F 23.6°C | 73.6°F 23.1°C | 67.9°F 19.9°C | 56.7°F 13.7°C | 47.0°F 8.3°C | 38.2°F 3.4°C | 55.5°F 13.1°C |
| Avg high °F(°C) | 43.7°F 6.5°C | 48.0°F 8.9°C | 58.9°F 14.9°C | 67.4°F 19.7°C | 75.2°F 24.0°C | 82.2°F 27.9°C | 84.6°F 29.2°C | 84.1°F 28.9°C | 79.1°F 26.2°C | 69.1°F 20.6°C | 58.2°F 14.6°C | 48.1°F 8.9°C | 66.6°F 19.2°C |
| Avg low °F(°C) | 24.3°F
-4.3°C | 26.8°F
-2.9°C | 35.4°F 1.9°C | 43.0°F 6.1°C | 51.6°F 10.9°C | 59.9°F 15.5°C | 64.1°F 17.8°C | 63.1°F 17.3°C | 56.6°F 13.7°C | 44.2°F 6.8°C | 35.9°F 2.2°C | 28.2°F -2.1°C | 44.4°F 6.9°C |
| Rain (inches) | 3.2 in. | 3.4 in. | 3.7 in. | 3.3 in. | 3.8 in. | 3.5 in. | 4.3 in. | 3.2 in. | 3.3 in. | 2.6 in. | 2.9 in. | 3.4 in. | 40.7 in. |
| Snow (inches) | 5.2 in. | 4.2 in. | 2.3 in. | 0.4 in. | 0.05 in. | 0.05 in. | 0.0 in. | 0.0 in. | 0.05 in. | 0.0 in. | 0.9 in. | 2.6 in. | 15.6 in. |
| *Sources for Bee Cliff at Elizabethton (Bristol-Johnson City, Tennessee) climate statistics:
climate-zone.com'* | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Motion picture scene filmed at the Bee Cliff

During 1989, many scenes from the Chuck Norris action film *Delta Force 2: The Colombian Connection* were filmed at the Bee Cliff and other Carter County sites:

* Filmed in the Philippines, Elizabethton, Tennessee, and other various Carter County, Tennessee locations such as Buck Mountain and the Bee Cliff. The "Palace In The Sky" resort in Tagaytay was used as the setting for Ramon Cota's hideout. The interior set of the Cota's hideout (and the sets from many other interior scenes) from Delta Force 2 were actually constructed within the warehouse of former shampoo manufacturer in Elizabethton. Shampoo labels with an Elvis-like caricature for "Love Me Tender Shampoo" were found still attached to columns within the warehouse stage.
* A long shot showing the Colonel Scot McCoy character (played in the movie by Chuck Norris) climbing a towering cliff face in order to invade Ramon Cota's palace was filmed in the Philippines, but the accompanying close-up shot of McCoy pausing on the cliff face was actually shot at the river level base of the Bee Cliff with Norris and film crew aboard inflatable rafts while filming this close-up afloat on the Watauga River.

1. "Edge of the World. "Whitewater Rafting on the beautiful Watauga River!"". Archived from the original on 2007-07-01. Retrieved 2007-07-08.
2. https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/1276768 USGS GNIS - Bee Cliff, Tennessee
3. http://www.americanwhitewater.org/content/River\_detail\_id\_1794 Archived 2009-02-18 at the Wayback Machine American Whitewater NWRI - Watauga Guys Ford Bridge to Watauga Lake.
4. http://www.tva.gov/river/recreation/camping.htm#watauga TVA: Camping and Recreation Areas - Watauga Reservoir: Watauga Dam Tailwater Campground.
5. http://www.johnsoncitypress.com/Detail.php?Cat=LOCALNEWS&ID=64611 Archived 2016-01-21 at the Wayback Machine Nolichucky: High water temporarily strands campers; rafting company expects boon in business.
6. www.climate-zone.com
7. "Archived copy" (PDF). *tennessee.gov*. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2008. Retrieved 14 January 2022.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

### General


title: Sir Thomas Shirley, 1st Baronet

abstract: Sir Thomas Shirley, 1st Baronet was a British colonial governor and military officer. The son of William Shirley, a politically well-connected colonial administrator who served for many years as governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, Shirley entered the military, serving in the Louisbourg expedition his father organised in 1745. During the Seven Years' War he served on Menorca and in the 1761 Capture of Belle Île. Shirley succeeded his father as Governor of the Bahamas in 1768, and was appointed Governor of Dominica in 1774, a post he held until the island was captured in 1778 by French forces during the American War of Independence. He was thereafter (1781) named Governor of the Leeward Islands, and awarded a baronetcy in 1786 as "Shirley of Oat Hall". He was promoted to lieutenant-general on 18 October 1793 and general on 8 January 1798. He died in Bath, England in 1800 and was buried in Bath Abbey. Fort Shirley in Cabrits National Park, Dominica, was named for him, as was Shirley Heights in Antigua, then-capital of the Leewards. Shirley is often incorrectly described as having been born in Boston, or in 1769. He was, however, born prior to his father's departure for Massachusetts.

text:
# Sir Thomas Shirley, 1st Baronet

**Sir Thomas Shirley, 1st Baronet** (30 December 1727 – 18 February 1800) was a British colonial governor and military officer. The son of William Shirley, a politically well-connected colonial administrator who served for many years as governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, Shirley entered the military, serving in the Louisbourg expedition his father organised in 1745. During the Seven Years' War he served on Menorca and in the 1761 Capture of Belle Île.

Shirley succeeded his father as Governor of the Bahamas in 1768, and was appointed Governor of Dominica in 1774, a post he held until the island was captured in 1778 by French forces during the American War of Independence. He was thereafter (1781) named Governor of the Leeward Islands, and awarded a baronetcy in 1786 as "Shirley of Oat Hall" . He was promoted to lieutenant-general on 18 October 1793 and general on 8 January 1798. He died in Bath, England in 1800 and was buried in Bath Abbey.

Fort Shirley in Cabrits National Park, Dominica, was named for him, as was Shirley Heights in Antigua, then-capital of the Leewards. Shirley is often incorrectly described as having been born in Boston, or in 1769. He was, however, born prior to his father's departure for Massachusetts.

* *Essex Review*
* *History of the British West Indies*
* "Shirley, William (1694-1771)". *Dictionary of National Biography*. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.  (listed birthdate of 1769 is in all likelihood incorrect, given other facts about his life, such as the 1774 birth of his son)
* Schutz, John A. *William Shirley, King's Governor of Massachusetts* (1961)
* Shirley, Evelyn Philip. *Stemmata Shirleiana* (1873) (Sir Thomas Shirley is at pages 322-323)
* Sugden, John. *Nelson: A Dream of Glory, 1758-1797* (2005)


title: Battle of San Julián

abstract: The Battle of San Julián was a military engagement fought on 15 March 1927 between forces of the Mexican federal government and Cristero rebels as a part of the Cristero War. The battle is considered to be the greatest military defeat of the Mexican government in the entire war.

text:
# Battle of San Julián

The **Battle of San Julián** was a military engagement fought on 15 March 1927 between forces of the Mexican federal government and Cristero rebels as a part of the Cristero War. The battle is considered to be the greatest military defeat of the Mexican government in the entire war.

## Background

The Cristero War began in 1926 when Mexican Catholics took up arms against the Mexican federal government of President Plutarco Elías Calles to protect the Catholic Church from his anti-clerical laws and reforms. Those who took up arms against the government were known as the National League for the Defense of Religious Liberty, but they were commonly known as simply "Cristeros."

## Battle

Mexican federal forces of the 78th Regiment under General Espiridión Rodríguez Escobar arrived at San Julián on 15 March 1927. Cristero forces under Victoriano Ramírez and José Reyes Vega put up a defense of San Julián, but the federal forces were superior and were overwhelming the Cristeros inflicting heavy casualties. During the battle, federal forces looted homes, raped women, and tortured two Cristero prisoners to death.

More federal forces arrived to support Rodríguez Escobar at around four in the afternoon, but around the same time, the federal forces saw Cristero reinforcements under General Miguel Hernández arriving but misidentified them as Joaquín Amaro Domínguez, the Mexican War and Navy Secretariat. Hernández had his men attack the federal forces in three columns, one from the south and west, one from the east and north, and the last from the southeast which he personally commanded. With Hernández's advance, most of the federal soldiers fled while some remained and tried to disguise themselves as locals and the battle ended in a Cristero victory.

## Aftermath

The Cristeros executed an unspecified number of federal prisoners on 19 March 1927 under the orders of Hernández. Exact casualty figures are unknown, but civilian and Cristero casualties were high. The battle was the greatest military defeat of the Mexican federal government during the entire war and was an embarrassment to Rodríguez Escobar and Calles' government.

The defeat made Calles recognize the Cristeros as a genuine threat to his government. On 26 March 1927, Amaro Domínguez marched soldiers to San Julián and had Julio Álvarez Mendoza, a Catholic priest, arrested and later executed on 30 March 1927 in retaliation for the defeat at San Julián. Álvarez Mendoza was later canonized as a saint by Pope John Paul II on 21 May 2000.

A corrido, a Mexican form of narrative song, called "Corrido de los combates de San Julián" ("Corrido of the Combatants of San Julián") was written about the battle in 2002 by singers Evaristo Soto Cruz and Alfredo Soto Alcalá.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Battle of San Julián | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the Cristero War | |
| Date 15 March 1927  Location San Julián, Jalisco, Mexico21°1′N 102°10′W / 21.017°N 102.167°W / 21.017; -102.167  Result  Cristero victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Federal government | Cristeros |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Espiridión Rodríguez |  |


abstract:
South Korea is competing at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics in Moscow, Russia, from 10–18 August 2013.
A team of 16 athletes was announced to represent the country in the event.

text:
# South Korea at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics

**South Korea** is competing at the **2013 World Championships in Athletics** in Moscow, Russia, from 10–18 August 2013. A team of 16 athletes was announced to represent the country in the event.

## Results

(q – qualified, NM – no mark, SB – season best)

### Men

Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | | Heats | | Semifinals | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Minsub Jin
Kyu-won Cho
Jinkook Kim
Kukyoung Kim
Kyongsoo Oh
Min Woo Yoo | 4 × 100 metres relay |  | |  |  |  | |  |  |
| Jihun Sung | Marathon |  | | | | | |  |  |
| Youngjin Kim | Marathon |  | | | | | |  |  |
| Youngjun Byun | 20 kilometres walk |  | | | | | |  |  |
| Byeong Kwang Choe | 20 kilometres walk |  | | | | | | 1:28:26 | 39 |
| Hyunsub Kim | 20 kilometres walk |  | | | | | | 1:22:50 | 9 |
| Sehan Oh | 50 kilometres walk |  | | | | | |  |  |
| Junghyun Yim | 50 kilometres walk |  | | | | | |  |  |

Field events

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Width
Height | Rank | Width
Height | Rank |
| Minsub Jin | Pole vault |  |  |  |  |

### Women

Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | | Heats | | Semifinals | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Seongeun Kim | Marathon |  | | | | | |  |  |
| Yeongeun Jeon | 20 kilometres walk |  | | | | | |  |  |

## InfoBox

| South Korea at the
2013 World Championships in Athletics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| WA code | KOR |
| in Moscow | |
| Competitors | 16 |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| World Championships in Athletics appearances | |
|  | |
|


title: Toda oscillator

abstract: In physics, the Toda oscillator is a special kind of nonlinear oscillator. It represents a chain of particles with exponential potential interaction between neighbors. These concepts are named after Morikazu Toda. The Toda oscillator is used as a simple model to understand the phenomenon of self-pulsation, which is a quasi-periodic pulsation of the output intensity of a solid-state laser in the transient regime.

text:
# Toda oscillator

In physics, the **Toda oscillator** is a special kind of nonlinear oscillator. It represents a chain of particles with exponential potential interaction between neighbors. These concepts are named after Morikazu Toda. The Toda oscillator is used as a simple model to understand the phenomenon of self-pulsation, which is a quasi-periodic pulsation of the output intensity of a solid-state laser in the transient regime.

## Definition

The Toda oscillator is a dynamical system of any origin, which can be described with dependent coordinate $~x~$ and independent coordinate $~z~$, characterized in that the evolution along independent coordinate $~z~$ can be approximated with equation

$$\frac {{\rm {d^{2}x}{{\rm {d}z^{2}+D(x){\frac {{\rm {d}x}{{\rm {d}z}+\Phi '(x)=0,}}}}}}}$$

where $~D(x)=ue^{x}+v~$, $~\Phi (x)=e^{x}-x-1~$ and prime denotes the derivative.

## Physical meaning

The independent coordinate $~z~$ has sense of time. Indeed, it may be proportional to time $~t~$ with some relation like $~z=t/t\_{0}~$, where $~t\_{0}~$ is constant.

The derivative $~{\dot {x}={\frac {{\rm {d}x}{{\rm {d}z}}}}}$ may have sense of velocity of particle with coordinate $~x~$; then $~{\ddot {x}={\frac {{\rm {d}^{2}x}{{\rm {d}z^{2}~}}}}}$ can be interpreted as acceleration; and the mass of such a particle is equal to unity.

The dissipative function $~D~$ may have sense of coefficient of the speed-proportional friction.

Usually, both parameters $~u~$ and $~v~$ are supposed to be positive; then this speed-proportional friction coefficient grows exponentially at large positive values of coordinate $~x~$.

The potential $~\Phi (x)=e^{x}-x-1~$ is a fixed function, which also shows exponential growth at large positive values of coordinate $~x~$.

In the application in laser physics, $~x~$ may have a sense of logarithm of number of photons in the laser cavity, related to its steady-state value. Then, the output power of such a laser is proportional to $~\exp(x)~$ and may show pulsation at oscillation of $~x~$.

Both analogies, with a unity mass particle and logarithm of number of photons, are useful in the analysis of behavior of the Toda oscillator.

## Energy

Rigorously, the oscillation is periodic only at $~u=v=0~$. Indeed, in the realization of the Toda oscillator as a self-pulsing laser, these parameters may have values of order of $~10^{-4}~$; during several pulses, the amplitude of pulsation does not change much. In this case, we can speak about the period of pulsation, since the function $~x=x(t)~$ is almost periodic.

In the case $~u=v=0~$, the energy of the oscillator $~E={\frac {1}{2}\left({\frac {{\rm {d}x}{{\rm {d}z}\right)^{2}+\Phi (x)~}}}}$ does not depend on $~z~$, and can be treated as a constant of motion. Then, during one period of pulsation, the relation between $~x~$ and $~z~$ can be expressed analytically:

$$z=\pm \int \_{\min }^{x\_{\max }{\frac {{\rm {d}a}{{\sqrt {2}{\sqrt {E-\Phi (a)}}}}}}}$$

where $~x\_{\min }~$ and $~x\_{\max }~$ are minimal and maximal values of $~x~$; this solution is written for the case when $\dot {x}(0)=0$.

however, other solutions may be obtained using the principle of translational invariance.

The ratio $~x\_{\max }/x\_{\min }=2\gamma ~$ is a convenient parameter to characterize the amplitude of pulsation. Using this, we can express the median value $\delta ={\frac {x\_{\max }-x\_{\min }{1}}}$ as $\delta =\ln {\frac {\sin(\gamma )}{\gamma }}$; and the energy $E=E(\gamma )={\frac {\gamma }{\tanh(\gamma )}+\ln {\frac {\sinh \gamma }{\gamma }-1}}$ is also an elementary function of $~\gamma ~$.

In application, the quantity $E$ need not be the physical energy of the system; in these cases, this dimensionless quantity may be called quasienergy.

## Period of pulsation

The period of pulsation is an increasing function of the amplitude $~\gamma ~$.

When $~\gamma \ll 1~$, the period $~T(\gamma )=2\pi \left(1+{\frac {\gamma ^{2}{24}+O(\gamma ^{4})\right)~}}$

When $~\gamma \gg 1~$, the period $~T(\gamma )=4\gamma ^{1/2}\left(1+O(1/\gamma )\right)~$

In the whole range $~\gamma \>0~$, the period $~{T(\gamma )}~$ and frequency $~k(\gamma )={\frac {2\pi }{T(\gamma )}~}$ can be approximated by

$$k\_{\text{fit}(\gamma )={\frac {2\pi }{T\_{\text{fit}(\gamma )}=}}}$$

$$\left({\frac {10630+674\gamma +695.2419\gamma ^{2}+191.4489\gamma ^{3}+16.86221\gamma ^{4}+4.082607\gamma ^{5}+\gamma ^{6}{10630+674\gamma +2467\gamma ^{2}+303.2428\gamma ^{3}+164.6842\gamma ^{4}+36.6434\gamma ^{5}+3.9596\gamma ^{6}+0.8983\gamma ^{7}+{\frac {16}{\pi ^{4}\gamma ^{8}\right)^{1/4}}}}}}$$

to at least 8 significant figures. The relative error of this approximation does not exceed $22\times 10^{-9}$.

## Decay of pulsation

At small (but still positive) values of $~u~$ and $~v~$, the pulsation decays slowly, and this decay can be described analytically. In the first approximation, the parameters $~u~$ and $~v~$ give additive contributions to the decay; the decay rate, as well as the amplitude and phase of the nonlinear oscillation, can be approximated with elementary functions in a manner similar to the period above. In describing the behavior of the idealized Toda oscillator, the error of such approximations is smaller than the differences between the ideal and its experimental realization as a self-pulsing laser at the optical bench. However, a self-pulsing laser shows qualitatively very similar behavior.

## Continuous limit

The Toda chain equations of motion, in the continuous limit in which the distance between neighbors goes to zero, become the Korteweg–de Vries equation (KdV) equation. Here the index labeling the particle in the chain becomes the new spatial coordinate.

In contrast, the Toda field theory is achieved by introducing a new spatial coordinate which is independent of the chain index label. This is done in a relativistically invariant way, so that time and space are treated on equal grounds. This means that the Toda field theory is not a continuous limit of the Toda chain.


abstract: Robinson v Randfontein Estates Gold Mining Co Ltd is an important case in South African law. It was heard in the Appellate Division from 13 to 20 December 1920, with judgment handed down on 19 February 1921. Innes CJ, Solomon JA, CG Maasdorp JA, Juta JA and Bristowe AJA presided.

text:
# Robinson v Randfontein Estates Gold Mining

***Robinson v Randfontein Estates Gold Mining Co Ltd*** is an important case in South African law. It was heard in the Appellate Division from 13 to 20 December 1920, with judgment handed down on 19 February 1921. Innes CJ, Solomon JA, CG Maasdorp JA, Juta JA and Bristowe AJA presided.

## Facts

The plaintiff company had a lease of the mineral rights in a farm. The defendant was the chairman of the board of directors of the company. The defendant was mandated to purchase the farm for the plaintiff company but could not agree the terms with the owner. The owner promised that if he ever wanted to sell he would give the defendant the first option. The defendant later bought half of the farm for £60,000 through an agent. He thereafter sold it for £275000 to the Watervaal Trust Company which was a wholly owned subsidiary of the plaintiff company. He never disclosed his interest in the transaction and he did not disclose his profit from it. When the plaintiff discovered what had happened they sued to recover the profit of £215 000 from the defendant.

## Judgment

The court held that the company was entitled to claim from the director the profit made by him, and that such a claim was neither a *condictio indebiti*, nor an action for damages, nor an action upon a contract, and that under the Transvaal Act the term of prescription applicable thereto was thirty years.

The question of an amendment of pleadings, the court found, was one in the discretion of a trial court. The Appellate Division would not readily interfere with the exercise of such discretion.

The decision of the Transvaal Provincial Division, in *Randfontein Estates Gold Mining Co., Ltd v Robinson*, was thus varied.

## Significance

Where one man stands to another in a position of confidence involving a duty to protect the interests of that other, he is not permitted to make a secret profit at the other's expense or to place himself in a position where his interests conflict with his duty.

A principal who discovers that he has purchased his agent's own property may elect either to repudiate the contract or to confirm it. If he wishes it to stand, and also claims the resulting profit, he must show that such profit arises from transactions completely covered by the prohibitive operation of the relationship between him and the agent.

In any question as to the remedies available against a director of a company who has sold his own property to the company, regard must be had to the relationship in which the director stood to the company when he acquired the property. If he was under no obligation at that time to acquire the property for the company instead of for himself, his nondisclosure of the fact that the property was his own would entitle the company to repudiate the sale and restore the original position, but would not entitle it to retain the property at a price reduced by a reduction of the director's profit. When, however, the director's default extends further than non-disclosure, when a breach of duty attended the original acquisition, the company may, if it chooses, retain the property purchased and also demand a refund of the profits.

### Case law

* *Robinson v Randfontein Estates Gold Mining Co Ltd* 1921 AD 168.

### Legislation

* Transvaal Act 26 of 1908.


title: Phonemic awareness

abstract: Phonemic awareness is a part of phonological awareness in which listeners are able to hear, identify and manipulate phonemes, the smallest mental units of sound that help to differentiate units of meaning (morphemes). Separating the spoken word "cat" into three distinct phonemes,,, and, requires phonemic awareness. The National Reading Panel has found that phonemic awareness improves children's word reading and reading comprehension and helps children learn to spell. Phonemic awareness is the basis for learning phonics. Phonemic awareness and phonological awareness are often confused since they are interdependent. Phonemic awareness is the ability to hear and manipulate individual phonemes. Phonological awareness includes this ability, but it also includes the ability to hear and manipulate larger units of sound, such as onsets and rimes and syllables.

text:
# Phonemic awareness

**Phonemic awareness** is a part of phonological awareness in which listeners are able to hear, identify and manipulate phonemes, the smallest mental units of sound that help to differentiate units of meaning (morphemes). Separating the spoken word "cat" into three distinct phonemes, /k/, /æ/, and /t/, requires phonemic awareness. The National Reading Panel has found that phonemic awareness improves children's word reading and reading comprehension and helps children learn to spell. Phonemic awareness is the basis for learning phonics.

Phonemic awareness and phonological awareness are often confused since they are interdependent. Phonemic awareness is the ability to hear and manipulate individual phonemes. Phonological awareness includes this ability, but it also includes the ability to hear and manipulate larger units of sound, such as onsets and rimes and syllables.

## Impact on reading development

Studies by Vickie Snider have shown that phonemic awareness has a direct correlation with students' ability to read as they get older. Phonemic awareness builds a foundation for students to understand the rules of the English language. This in turn allows each student to apply these skills and increase his or her oral reading fluency and understanding of the text. There are studies also demonstrating this for student's learning to read in non-English language.

## Phonemic awareness instruction

Phonemic awareness relates to the ability to distinguish and manipulate individual sounds, such as /f/, /ʊ/, and /t/ in the case of *foot*. The following are common phonemic awareness skills practiced with students:

* Phoneme isolation: which requires recognizing the individual sounds in words, for example, "Tell me the first sound you hear in the word paste" (/p/).
* Phoneme identity: which requires recognizing the common sound in different words, for example, "Tell me the sound that is the same in bike, boy and bell" (/b/).
* Phoneme substitution: in which one can turn a word (such as "cat") into another (such as "hat") by substituting one phoneme (such as /h/) for another (/k/). Phoneme substitution can take place for initial sounds (cat-hat), middle sounds (cat-cut) or ending sounds (cat-cap).
* Oral segmenting: The teacher says a word, for example, "ball", and students say the individual sounds, /b/, /ɔː/, and /l/.
* Oral blending: The teacher says each sound, for example, "/b/, /ɔː/, /l/" and students respond with the word, "ball".
* Sound deletion: The teacher says a word, has students repeat it, and then instructs students to repeat the word without the first sound. For example, the teacher might say "now say 'bill' without the /b/", which students should respond to with "ill".
* Onset-rime manipulation: which requires isolation, identification, segmentation, blending, or deletion of onsets (the single consonant or blend that precedes the vowel and following consonants), for example, j-ump, st-op, str-ong.

There are other phonemic awareness activities, such as sound substitution, where students are instructed to replace one sound with another; sound addition, where students add sounds to words; and sound switching, where students manipulate the order of the phonemes. These are more complex but research supports the use of the three listed above, particularly oral segmenting and oral blending.

## English language learners

Phonemic awareness (PA) instruction has been shown to support English as a second language and foreign language learning. Johnson and Tweedie's (2010) study applied direct PA instruction to young English as a foreign language (EFL) learners in rural Malaysia. Those children given direct PA instruction achieved significantly greater test scores than a control group. PA accelerated the acquisition of relevant literacy and numeracy skills in this case. The study suggested that direct PA instruction might assist in closing existing literacy gaps between urban and rural children.

Adult English language learners (ELLs) may also benefit from direct PA instruction. A study of Arabic-speaking ELLs in an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) program showed substantial gains in vowel recognition and improved C-test scores after PA tuition, despite concerns of the researchers that adult ELLs may negatively perceive PA instruction as a "childish" approach.

## Further reading

* Adams, Marilyn McCord (1998). *Phonemic awareness in young children: a classroom curriculum*. Baltimore: P.H. Brookes. ISBN 978-1-55766-321-4. OCLC 36942591.
* Bursuck, William D. (2011). *Teaching Reading to Students Who Are at Risk or Have Disabilities*. Pearson. ISBN 978-0-13-705781-8.
* Fox, Barbara J. (2010). *Phonics and Structural Analysis for the Teacher of Reading: Programmed for Self-Instruction*. Pearson. ISBN 978-0-13-208094-1.
* Vinita Chhabra; Peggy D. McCardle (2004). *The voice of evidence in reading research*. Baltimore: P.H. Brookes Pub. ISBN 978-1-55766-672-7. OCLC 53880243.


title: The Flame (1923 film)

abstract: The Flame is a 1923 German silent drama film directed by Ernst Lubitsch and starring Pola Negri, Hermann Thimig, and Alfred Abel. The film is based on a play by Hans Müller. In the United States it was released under the alternative title Montmartre. It was the last film Lubitsch made in Germany before emigrating to Hollywood where he directed his first American film Rosita for United Artists the same year.

text:
# The Flame (1923 film)

***The Flame*** (German: ***Die Flamme***) is a 1923 German silent drama film directed by Ernst Lubitsch and starring Pola Negri, Hermann Thimig, and Alfred Abel. The film is based on a play by Hans Müller. In the United States it was released under the alternative title ***Montmartre***. It was the last film Lubitsch made in Germany before emigrating to Hollywood where he directed his first American film *Rosita* for United Artists the same year.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine review for the English subtitled version, Yvette's landlady insists that her lodger pay up the money she owes. The young woman goes out in quest of funds. Papa Lemonier is about to "come across" with the desired cash, when a man who has been pursuing her interferes and trouble starts. Yvette runs away and makes the acquaintance of a youthful composer named Andre Leduc. They fall in love and are married. Raoul Fournier, a rejected suitor, tries to spoil Yvette's domestic happiness by exposing her past to her husband. He almost succeeds, but is defeated in the long run.

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Eyman, Scott (2000). *Ernst Lubitsch: Laughter in Paradise*. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-6558-1

## InfoBox

| The Flame | |
| --- | --- |
| German poster | |
| Directed by | Ernst Lubitsch |
| Written by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography |  |
| Production<br>company | PAGU |
| Distributed by |  |
| Release date | * September 11, 1923 (1923-09-11) |
| Running time | 9 reels |
| Country | Germany |
| Languages |  |


title: Richard Tilghman

abstract: Richard Albert Tilghman was a politician who served as a Republican member of the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 17th district from 1969 to 2001. He also served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the Montgomery County district from 1967 to 1968. He died on February 23, 2017, at the age of 96.

text:
# Richard Tilghman

**Richard Albert Tilghman** (March 8, 1920 – February 23, 2017) was a politician who served as a Republican member of the Pennsylvania State Senate for the 17th district from 1969 to 2001. He also served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the Montgomery County district from 1967 to 1968. He died on February 23, 2017, at the age of 96.

## Early life

Tilghman was born in Manchester, England, to Benjamin Chew and Eliza Middleton Fox Tilghman. He graduated from the Fountain Valley School in Colorado, Princeton University in 1943 and the Berlitz School of Languages. He served as a First lieutenant in the U.S. Marine Corps during World War II and received the Silver Star for action during the battle of Iwo Jima.

## Business career

He worked at Smith & Barney, at the General Coal Company and as a plastics manufacturing executive at Contour Manufacturing Company.

## Political career

He served as Chairman of the Appropriations Committee from 1974 to 2001.

As State Senator, he was an advocate for veteran organizations. He supported state funding for the construction of the Pennsylvania Veterans Memorial at Indiantown Gap National Cemetery. In 1999, he sponsored legislation providing $2 million in funding to support the construction of the National World War II Memorial in Washington D.C.

## InfoBox

| Richard Tilghman | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Pennsylvania Senate
from the 17th district | |
| **In office**
January 7, 1969  August 31, 2001 | |
| Preceded by | Robert P. Johnson |
| Succeeded by | Connie Williams |
| Constituency | Parts of Delaware and Montgomery Counties |
| Member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
from the Montgomery County district | |
| **In office**
January 2, 1967  November 30, 1968 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1920-03-08)March 8, 1920
Manchester, England |
| Died | February 23, 2017(2017-02-23) (aged 96)
Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, United States |
| Political party | Republican |
| Alma mater | Princeton University |
|  | |


title: Karon O. Bowdre

abstract: Karon Lynn Owen Bowdre is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama. She also serves as chair of the board of trustees of Samford University.

text:
# Karon O. Bowdre

**Karon Lynn Owen Bowdre** (born April 25, 1955) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama. She also serves as chair of the board of trustees of Samford University.

## Early life and education

Born in Montgomery, Alabama, Bowdre graduated from Samford University with her Bachelor of Arts degree in 1977 and later from Cumberland School of Law at Samford University with a Juris Doctor in 1981.

## Career

Bowdre was a law clerk for Judge Junius Foy Guin, Jr. of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama from 1981 to 1982. Bowdre was a partner at the Birmingham, Alabama, firm of Rives & Peterson from 1982 to 1990. Beginning in 1989, Bowdre became a full-time Professor of law at Samford University Cumberland School of Law where she taught insurance law, legal ethics, and professional responsibility, and directed Cumberland’s legal research and writing program before her federal appointment in 2001. Bowdre was first elected to Samford's board of trustees in 2008. She became chair of the board on September 9, 2023.

### Federal judicial service

On September 4, 2001, Bowdre was nominated to the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama by President George W. Bush. She was nominated to the seat vacated by Judge Sam Clyde Pointer Jr. Bowdre was confirmed by the Senate on November 6, 2001, and received her commission on November 8, 2001. She served as Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama from November 18, 2013 to December 31, 2019. She assumed senior status on April 25, 2020.

## InfoBox

| Karon Owen Bowdre | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
April 25, 2020 | |
| Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama | |
| **In office**
November 18, 2013  December 31, 2019 | |
| Preceded by | Sharon Lovelace Blackburn |
| Succeeded by | L. Scott Coogler |
| Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama | |
| **In office**
November 8, 2001  April 25, 2020 | |
| Appointed by | George W. Bush |
| Preceded by | Sam C. Pointer Jr. |
| Succeeded by | Anna M. Manasco |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Karon Lynn Owen
(1955-04-25) April 25, 1955
Montgomery, Alabama, U.S. |
| Spouse(s) | J. Birch Bowdre, Jr. |
| Residence | Birmingham, Alabama |
| Education | Samford University (BA)
Cumberland School of Law (JD) |
|  | |


title: Kasama District

abstract: Kasama District is a district of Northern Province, Zambia. The district capital is Kasama. As of the 2022 Zambian Census, the district had a population of 348,552 people. It consists of two constituencies, namely Kasama Central and Lukashya.

text:
# Kasama District

**Kasama District** is a district of Northern Province, Zambia. The district capital is Kasama. As of the 2022 Zambian Census, the district had a population of 348,552 people. It consists of two constituencies, namely Kasama Central and Lukashya.

## Towns and villages

## InfoBox

| Kasama District | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
| District location in Zambia | |
| Coordinates: 10°10′S 31°15′E / 10.167°S 31.250°E / -10.167; 31.250 | |
| Country | Zambia |
| Province | Northern Province |
| Capital | Kasama |
| Area | |
| Total | 10,584.1 km2 (4,086.5 sq mi) |
| Population (2022) | |
| Total | 348,552 |
| Density | 33/km2 (85/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (CAT) |


title: 1994 Kazakhstan Premier League

abstract: The 1994 Kazakhstan Top Division was the third season of the Top Division, now called the Kazakhstan Premier League, the highest football league competition in Kazakhstan.

text:
# 1994 Kazakhstan Premier League

The **1994 Kazakhstan Top Division** was the third season of the Top Division, now called the Kazakhstan Premier League, the highest football league competition in Kazakhstan.

## Teams

With the relegation of eight teams the previous season, the withdrawal of FC Dostyk before the start of the season, and no promoted teams, the league was reduced to 16 teams with them play each other twice.

The relegated teams at the end of the 1993 season were Dinamo Almaty, Azhar Kokshetau, Munaishy, Kaisar, Metallist, Namys Almaty, Karachaganak and Taldykorgan. Tselinnik Tselinograd were renamed *Tsesna Akmola* and Fosfor were renamed *FC Taraz* before the start of the season.

### Team overview

AktyubinetsAnsatBatyrBolatGornyakKairatKhimikShakhter KaragandySKIF-OrdabasyTarazTsesna AkmolaUralets-ArmaVostokYelimayYassiZhigerclass=notpageimage|Locations of teams in the 1994 Kazakhstan Premier League

| Team | Location | Venue | Capacity |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Aktyubinets | Aktobe | Central Stadium |  |
| Ansat | Pavlodar | Central Stadium |  |
| Batyr | Ekibastuz | Shakhtyor Stadium |  |
| Bolat | Temirtau | Metallurg Stadium |  |
| Gornyak | Khromtau |  |  |
| Kairat | Almaty | Central Stadium |  |
| Khimik | Kostanay | Central Stadium |  |
| Shakhter Karagandy | Karaganda | Shakhter Stadium |  |
| SKIF-Ordabasy | Shymkent | Kazhymukan Munaitpasov Stadium |  |
| Taraz | Taraz | Central Stadium |  |
| Tsesna Akmola | Astana | Kazhymukan Munaitpasov Stadium |  |
| Uralets-Arma | Oral | Petr Atoyan Stadium |  |
| Vostok | Oskemen | Vostok Stadium |  |
| Yelimay | Semey | Spartak Stadium |  |
| Yassi | Shymkent | Kazhymukan Munaitpasov Stadium |  |
| Zhiger | Shymkent | Kazhymukan Munaitpasov Stadium |  |

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Yelimay (C) | 30 | 20 | 7 | 3 | 70 | 29 | +41 | 67 | Qualification for the Asian Club Championship |
| 2 | Ansat | 30 | 17 | 7 | 6 | 57 | 14 | +43 | 58 |  |
| 3 | Zhiger | 30 | 16 | 8 | 6 | 63 | 30 | +33 | | 56 |
| 4 | Aktyubinets | 30 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 45 | 23 | +22 | | 55 |
| 5 | SKIF-Ordabasy | 30 | 14 | 8 | 8 | 41 | 29 | +12 | | 50 |
| 6 | Shakhter Karagandy | 30 | 11 | 12 | 7 | 45 | 38 | +7 | | 45 |
| 7 | Bolat | 30 | 13 | 7 | 10 | 31 | 34 | 3 | | 46 |
| 8 | Taraz | 30 | 12 | 7 | 11 | 42 | 34 | +8 | | 43 |
| 9 | Batyr | 30 | 10 | 8 | 12 | 36 | 34 | +2 | | 38 |
| 10 | Khimik | 30 | 11 | 5 | 14 | 42 | 37 | +5 | | 38 |
| 11 | Kairat | 30 | 10 | 6 | 14 | 36 | 42 | 6 | | 36 |
| 12 | Gornyak | 30 | 8 | 6 | 16 | 29 | 60 | 31 | | 30 |
| 13 | Vostok | 30 | 8 | 6 | 16 | 39 | 58 | 19 | 30 | Qualification for the Asian Cup Winners' Cup |
| 14 | Tsesna Akmola | 30 | 6 | 7 | 17 | 24 | 48 | 24 | 25 |  |
| 15 | Yassi (R) | 30 | 8 | 1 | 21 | 22 | 76 | 54 | 25 | Relegation to the Kazakhstan First Division |
| 16 | Uralets-Arma (R) | 30 | 4 | 9 | 17 | 20 | 56 | 36 | | 21 |

Source: kpfl.kz
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (R) Relegated

## Results

| Home \ Away | AKT | ANS | BAT | BOL | GOR | KRT | KHI | SHA | SKI | TAR | TSE | URA | VOS | YAS | YEL | ZHI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Aktyubinets |  |  | 0–0 | 1–0 | 4–1 |  | 3–0 | 1–1 | 0–0 | 3–2 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 3–0 | 8–0 | 0–1 | 1–1 |
| Ansat | 2–0 |  | 4–0 | 6–0 | 3–0 | 4–1 | 1–1 | 5–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 4–0 | 6–0 | 3–0 | 1–0 | 1–1 |
| Batyr | 1–1 | 0–0 |  | 1–0 | 4–0 | 2–1 | 3–1 | 1–1 | 0–1 | 3–1 | 6–2 | 0–0 | 1–0 | 5–0 | 2–2 | 0–1 |
| Bolat | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–0 |  | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–0 | 1–0 | 2–0 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 2–2 |
| Gornyak | 1–1 | 1–0 | 0–2 | 1–0 |  | 0–1 | 1–1 | 4–4 | 1–2 | 2–1 | 2–1 | 2–0 | 4–3 | 2–1 | 0–0 | 1–1 |
| Kairat | 0–3 | 0–2 | 1–0 | 0–2 | 4–1 |  | 5–2 | 3–1 | 2–2 | 0–0 | 1–0 | 3–1 | 4–0 | 0–0 | 0–2 | 3–1 |
| Khimik | 2–0 | 2–1 | 6–0 | 1–0 | 2–0 | 1–0 |  | 0–1 | 3–0 | 2–1 | 4–1 | 4–1 | 2–1 | 1–2 | 1–1 | 2–2 |
| Shakhter Karagandy | 1–1 | 1–3 | 0–0 | 0–1 | 5–1 | 2–1 | 1–0 |  | 1–0 | 1–1 | 4–0 | 2–0 | 3–1 | 2–0 | 3–3 | 2–1 |
| SKIF-Ordabasy | 0–0 | 0–1 | 3–0 | 2–0 | 4–0 | 0–0 | 3–1 | 1–0 |  | 1–0 | 3–0 | 1–0 | 4–1 | 4–1 | 2–2 | 2–1 |
| Taraz | 0–0 | 0–1 | 2–0 | 2–1 | 2–0 | 1–0 | 1–0 | 2–2 | 2–2 |  | 4–0 | 1–1 | 4–1 | 4–1 | 2–0 | 1–0 |
| Tsesna Akmola | 2–2 | 0–0 | 1–0 | 0–0 | 1–0 | 2–3 | 1–0 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 0–1 |  | 2–0 | 2–0 | 4–0 | 1–2 | 2–2 |
| Uralets-Arma | 2–3 | 0–0 | 1–0 | 1–2 | 2–1 | 1–1 | 1–0 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 0–0 | 1–1 |  | 2–3 | 2–0 | 1–4 | 2–2 |
| Vostok | 1–3 | 1–1 | 0–0 | 5–2 | 1–2 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 2–1 | 3–0 | 3–2 | 1–1 | 3–0 |  | 4–0 | 1–2 | 1–0 |
| Yassi | 1–2 | 1–0 | 0–2 | 1–2 | 1–0 | 4–2 |  | 2–3 | 1–3 | 1–2 | 3–2 | 2–0 | 2–1 |  | 0–2 | 1–2 |
| Yelimay | 2–1 | 3–1 | 3–2 | 3–0 | 2–0 | 4–0 | 3–2 | 2–2 | 1–0 | 4–2 | 4–1 | 5–0 | 2–0 | 7–0 |  | 3–1 |
| Zhiger | 3–0 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 2–1 | 6–0 | 2–0 | 1–0 | 1–1 | 3–0 | 2–1 | 3–0 | 5–0 | 3–0 | 7–0 | 2–0 |  |

Source:
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.
Notes:

## Statistics

### Top scorers

| Rank | Player | Club | Goals |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Oleg Litvinenko | Taraz | 20 |
| 2 | Andrei Miroshnichenko | Aktyubinets | 19 |
| | Maksim Nizovtsev | Aktyubinets | |
| 4 | Kairat Aubakirov | Yelimay | 16 |
| 5 | Ravshan Mukhadov | Yelimay | 15 |
|

1. Klisf.info: 1994 Season stats (in Russian)

## InfoBox

Kazakhstan Top Division
| Season | 1994 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Yelimay |
| Relegated | Yassi <br>Uralets-Arma |
| Asian Club Championship | Yelimay |
| Asian Cup Winners' Cup | Vostok |
| Top goalscorer | Oleg Litvinenko (20) |
| 1993 1995 | |


title: Roland A. Chicoine

abstract: Roland A. Chicoine was an American politician in the state of South Dakota. He was a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives and South Dakota State Senate. A farmer, he was an alumnus of South Dakota State University. He died at the age of 93 in 2016.

text:
# Roland A. Chicoine

**Roland A. Chicoine** (December 10, 1922 – May 19, 2016) was an American politician in the state of South Dakota. He was a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives and South Dakota State Senate. A farmer, he was an alumnus of South Dakota State University. He died at the age of 93 in 2016.

## InfoBox

| Roland A. Chicoine | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the South Dakota House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
1993–2000 | |
| **In office**
1981–1986 | |
| Member of the South Dakota Senate for the 17th district | |
| **In office**
19871992 | |
| Preceded by | Tim Johnson |
| Succeeded by | Roberta Rasmussen |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1922-12-10)December 10, 1922
Elk Point, South Dakota |
| Died | May 19, 2016(2016-05-19) (aged 93)
Elk Point, South Dakota |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Children | eight |
| Residence(s) | Elk Point, South Dakota |
| Profession | farmer |
|  | |


title: 1995 Goody's 500 (Martinsville)

abstract: The 1995 Goody's 500 was the 26th stock car race of the 1995 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 47th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, September 24, 1995, in Martinsville, Virginia at Martinsville Speedway, a 0.526 miles (0.847 km) permanent oval-shaped short track. The race took the scheduled 500 laps to complete. In the final laps of the race, Richard Childress Racing driver Dale Earnhardt would make a late race pass on Penske Racing South driver Rusty Wallace with eight to go to take his 67th career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his fourth victory of the season, while in the process cutting down his points deficit down to 275 points with points leader Jeff Gordon. To fill out the top three, Hendrick Motorsports driver Terry Labonte and the aforementioned Wallace would finish second and third, respectively.

text:
# 1995 Goody's 500 (Martinsville)

The **1995 Goody's 500** was the 26th stock car race of the 1995 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 47th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, September 24, 1995, in Martinsville, Virginia at Martinsville Speedway, a 0.526 miles (0.847 km) permanent oval-shaped short track. The race took the scheduled 500 laps to complete. In the final laps of the race, Richard Childress Racing driver Dale Earnhardt would make a late race pass on Penske Racing South driver Rusty Wallace with eight to go to take his 67th career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his fourth victory of the season, while in the process cutting down his points deficit down to 275 points with points leader Jeff Gordon. To fill out the top three, Hendrick Motorsports driver Terry Labonte and the aforementioned Wallace would finish second and third, respectively.

## Background

**Martinsville Speedway** is an NASCAR-owned stock car racing track located in Henry County, in Ridgeway, Virginia, just to the south of Martinsville. At 0.526 miles (0.847 km) in length, it is the shortest track in the NASCAR Cup Series. The track was also one of the first paved oval tracks in NASCAR, being built in 1947 by H. Clay Earles. It is also the only remaining race track that has been on the NASCAR circuit from its beginning in 1948.

### Entry list

* **(R)** denotes rookie driver.

| # | Driver | Team | Make | Sponsor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Rick Mast | Precision Products Racing | Pontiac | Skoal |
| 2 | Rusty Wallace | Penske Racing South | Ford | Miller Genuine Draft |
| 3 | Dale Earnhardt | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | GM Goodwrench Service Plus |
| 4 | Sterling Marlin | Morgan–McClure Motorsports | Chevrolet | Kodak |
| 5 | Terry Labonte | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | Kellogg's Frosted Flakes |
| 6 | Mark Martin | Roush Racing | Ford | Valvoline |
| 7 | Geoff Bodine | Geoff Bodine Racing | Ford | Exide |
| 8 | Jeff Burton | Stavola Brothers Racing | Ford | Raybestos |
| 9 | Lake Speed | Melling Racing | Ford | Spam |
| 10 | Ricky Rudd | Rudd Performance Motorsports | Ford | Tide |
| 11 | Brett Bodine | Junior Johnson & Associates | Ford | Lowe's |
| 12 | Derrike Cope | Bobby Allison Motorsports | Ford | Mane 'n Tail |
| 15 | Dick Trickle | Bud Moore Engineering | Ford | Ford Quality Care |
| 16 | Ted Musgrave | Roush Racing | Ford | The Family Channel |
| 17 | Darrell Waltrip | Darrell Waltrip Motorsports | Chevrolet | Western Auto |
| 18 | Bobby Labonte | Joe Gibbs Racing | Chevrolet | Interstate Batteries |
| 21 | Morgan Shepherd | Wood Brothers Racing | Ford | Citgo |
| 22 | Ward Burton | Bill Davis Racing | Pontiac | MBNA |
| 23 | Jimmy Spencer | Haas-Carter Motorsports | Ford | Smokin' Joe's |
| 24 | Jeff Gordon | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | DuPont |
| 25 | Ken Schrader | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | Budweiser |
| 26 | Hut Stricklin | King Racing | Ford | Quaker State |
| 27 | Elton Sawyer | Junior Johnson & Associates | Ford | Hooters |
| 28 | Dale Jarrett | Robert Yates Racing | Ford | Texaco, Havoline |
| 29 | Steve Grissom | Diamond Ridge Motorsports | Chevrolet | Meineke |
| 30 | Michael Waltrip | Bahari Racing | Pontiac | Pennzoil |
| 31 | Jimmy Hensley | A.G. Dillard Motorsports | Chevrolet | Hardee's |
| 32 | Greg Sacks | Active Motorsports | Chevrolet | FINA |
| 33 | Robert Pressley **(R)** | Leo Jackson Motorsports | Chevrolet | Skoal Bandit |
| 37 | John Andretti | Kranefuss-Haas Racing | Ford | Little Caesars, Kmart |
| 40 | Rich Bickle | Dick Brooks Racing | Pontiac | Kendall |
| 41 | Ricky Craven **(R)** | Larry Hedrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | Kodiak |
| 42 | Kyle Petty | Team SABCO | Pontiac | Coors Light Silver Bullet |
| 43 | Bobby Hamilton | Petty Enterprises | Pontiac | STP |
| 71 | Dave Marcis | Marcis Auto Racing | Chevrolet | Terramite |
| 75 | Todd Bodine | Butch Mock Motorsports | Ford | Factory Stores of America |
| 77 | Bobby Hillin Jr. | Jasper Motorsports | Ford | US Airways, Jasper Engines & Transmissions |
| 81 | Kenny Wallace | FILMAR Racing | Ford | TIC Financial Systems |
| 87 | Joe Nemechek | NEMCO Motorsports | Chevrolet | Burger King |
| 90 | Mike Wallace | Donlavey Racing | Ford | Heilig-Meyers |
| 94 | Bill Elliott | Elliott-Hardy Racing | Ford | McDonald's |
| 98 | Jeremy Mayfield | Cale Yarborough Motorsports | Ford | RCA |

## Qualifying

Two round of qualifying were scheduled to be held on Friday, September 22, and Saturday, September 23. However, Friday's sessions were cancelled due to rain, with both rounds then scheduled to commence on Saturday. However, Saturday's sessions would also be cancelled due to rain, leaving qualifying to be determined by a system of owner's points and postmarks on entry list blanks. The top 30 positions would be determined by the current 1995 owner's points, while the final six spots would be determined by a system of provisionals that included past winners, and finally postmarks. As a result, Hendrick Motorsports driver Jeff Gordon would win the pole.

Six drivers would fail to qualify.

### Full qualifying results

| Pos. | # | Driver | Team | Make |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 24 | Jeff Gordon | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet |
| 2 | 3 | Dale Earnhardt | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet |
| 3 | 4 | Sterling Marlin | Morgan–McClure Motorsports | Chevrolet |
| 4 | 6 | Mark Martin | Roush Racing | Ford |
| 5 | 16 | Ted Musgrave | Roush Racing | Ford |
| 6 | 2 | Rusty Wallace | Penske Racing South | Ford |
| 7 | 5 | Terry Labonte | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet |
| 8 | 18 | Bobby Labonte | Joe Gibbs Racing | Chevrolet |
| 9 | 30 | Michael Waltrip | Bahari Racing | Pontiac |
| 10 | 21 | Morgan Shepherd | Wood Brothers Racing | Ford |
| 11 | 94 | Bill Elliott | Elliott-Hardy Racing | Ford |
| 12 | 43 | Bobby Hamilton | Petty Enterprises | Pontiac |
| 13 | 10 | Ricky Rudd | Rudd Performance Motorsports | Ford |
| 14 | 28 | Dale Jarrett | Robert Yates Racing | Ford |
| 15 | 25 | Ken Schrader | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet |
| 16 | 12 | Derrike Cope | Bobby Allison Motorsports | Ford |
| 17 | 7 | Geoff Bodine | Geoff Bodine Racing | Ford |
| 18 | 1 | Rick Mast | Precision Products Racing | Ford |
| 19 | 37 | John Andretti | Kranefuss-Haas Racing | Ford |
| 20 | 17 | Darrell Waltrip | Darrell Waltrip Motorsports | Chevrolet |
| 21 | 11 | Brett Bodine | Junior Johnson & Associates | Ford |
| 22 | 9 | Lake Speed | Melling Racing | Ford |
| 23 | 29 | Steve Grissom | Diamond Ridge Motorsports | Chevrolet |
| 24 | 41 | Ricky Craven **(R)** | Larry Hedrick Motorsports | Chevrolet |
| 25 | 15 | Dick Trickle | Bud Moore Engineering | Ford |
| 26 | 33 | Robert Pressley **(R)** | Leo Jackson Motorsports | Chevrolet |
| 27 | 23 | Jimmy Spencer | Travis Carter Enterprises | Ford |
| 28 | 42 | Kyle Petty | Team SABCO | Pontiac |
| 29 | 87 | Joe Nemechek | NEMCO Motorsports | Chevrolet |
| 30 | 8 | Jeff Burton | Stavola Brothers Racing | Ford |
| Provisionals | | | | |
| 31 | 27 | Elton Sawyer | Junior Johnson & Associates | Ford |
| 32 | 22 | Ward Burton | Bill Davis Racing | Pontiac |
| 33 | 98 | Jeremy Mayfield | Cale Yarborough Motorsports | Ford |
| 34 | 75 | Todd Bodine | Butch Mock Motorsports | Ford |
| 35 | 26 | Hut Stricklin | King Racing | Ford |
| 36 | 90 | Mike Wallace | Donlavey Racing | Ford |
| Failed to qualify | | | | |
| 37 | 31 | Jimmy Hensley | A.G. Dillard Motorsports | Chevrolet |
| 38 | 32 | Greg Sacks | Active Motorsports | Chevrolet |
| 39 | 40 | Rich Bickle | Dick Brooks Racing | Pontiac |
| 40 | 71 | Dave Marcis | Marcis Auto Racing | Chevrolet |
| 41 | 77 | Bobby Hillin Jr. | Jasper Motorsports | Ford |
| 42 | 81 | Kenny Wallace | FILMAR Racing | Ford |
| Official starting lineup | | | | |

## Race results

| Fin | St | # | Driver | Team | Make | Laps | Led | Status | Pts | Winnings |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | Dale Earnhardt | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 500 | 253 | running | 185 | $78,150 |
| 2 | 7 | 5 | Terry Labonte | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 500 | 164 | running | 175 | $45,600 |
| 3 | 6 | 2 | Rusty Wallace | Penske Racing South | Ford | 500 | 53 | running | 170 | $42,400 |
| 4 | 12 | 43 | Bobby Hamilton | Petty Enterprises | Pontiac | 500 | 0 | running | 160 | $24,450 |
| 5 | 17 | 7 | Geoff Bodine | Geoff Bodine Racing | Ford | 500 | 0 | running | 155 | $32,100 |
| 6 | 11 | 94 | Bill Elliott | Elliott-Hardy Racing | Ford | 500 | 0 | running | 150 | $17,600 |
| 7 | 1 | 24 | Jeff Gordon | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 500 | 3 | running | 151 | $25,150 |
| 8 | 20 | 17 | Darrell Waltrip | Darrell Waltrip Motorsports | Chevrolet | 500 | 0 | running | 142 | $21,050 |
| 9 | 16 | 12 | Derrike Cope | Bobby Allison Motorsports | Ford | 500 | 0 | running | 138 | $15,350 |
| 10 | 14 | 28 | Dale Jarrett | Robert Yates Racing | Ford | 500 | 11 | running | 139 | $27,050 |
| 11 | 28 | 42 | Kyle Petty | Team SABCO | Pontiac | 500 | 0 | running | 130 | $18,685 |
| 12 | 4 | 6 | Mark Martin | Roush Racing | Ford | 499 | 0 | running | 127 | $22,900 |
| 13 | 19 | 37 | John Andretti | Kranefuss-Haas Racing | Ford | 499 | 0 | running | 124 | $12,900 |
| 14 | 8 | 18 | Bobby Labonte | Joe Gibbs Racing | Chevrolet | 499 | 0 | running | 121 | $21,600 |
| 15 | 25 | 15 | Dick Trickle | Bud Moore Engineering | Ford | 498 | 0 | running | 118 | $18,700 |
| 16 | 33 | 98 | Jeremy Mayfield | Cale Yarborough Motorsports | Ford | 497 | 0 | running | 115 | $12,400 |
| 17 | 36 | 90 | Mike Wallace | Donlavey Racing | Ford | 497 | 0 | running | 112 | $14,100 |
| 18 | 27 | 23 | Jimmy Spencer | Travis Carter Enterprises | Ford | 496 | 0 | running | 109 | $11,605 |
| 19 | 10 | 21 | Morgan Shepherd | Wood Brothers Racing | Ford | 494 | 0 | running | 106 | $15,950 |
| 20 | 22 | 9 | Lake Speed | Melling Racing | Ford | 494 | 0 | running | 103 | $12,500 |
| 21 | 32 | 22 | Ward Burton | Bill Davis Racing | Pontiac | 494 | 0 | running | 100 | $15,550 |
| 22 | 21 | 11 | Brett Bodine | Junior Johnson & Associates | Ford | 491 | 0 | running | 97 | $20,050 |
| 23 | 3 | 4 | Sterling Marlin | Morgan–McClure Motorsports | Chevrolet | 484 | 0 | brakes | 94 | $21,000 |
| 24 | 34 | 75 | Todd Bodine | Butch Mock Motorsports | Ford | 479 | 0 | running | 91 | $15,250 |
| 25 | 9 | 30 | Michael Waltrip | Bahari Racing | Pontiac | 475 | 1 | running | 93 | $15,250 |
| 26 | 23 | 29 | Steve Grissom | Diamond Ridge Motorsports | Chevrolet | 458 | 13 | running | 90 | $9,850 |
| 27 | 13 | 10 | Ricky Rudd | Rudd Performance Motorsports | Ford | 450 | 0 | running | 82 | $19,700 |
| 28 | 18 | 1 | Rick Mast | Precision Products Racing | Ford | 450 | 0 | running | 79 | $14,600 |
| 29 | 5 | 16 | Ted Musgrave | Roush Racing | Ford | 434 | 0 | running | 76 | $14,500 |
| 30 | 29 | 87 | Joe Nemechek | NEMCO Motorsports | Chevrolet | 429 | 0 | running | 73 | $8,950 |
| 31 | 30 | 8 | Jeff Burton | Stavola Brothers Racing | Ford | 401 | 0 | crash | 70 | $11,450 |
| 32 | 15 | 25 | Ken Schrader | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 386 | 0 | running | 67 | $11,450 |
| 33 | 31 | 27 | Elton Sawyer | Junior Johnson & Associates | Ford | 378 | 0 | rear end | 64 | $11,450 |
| 34 | 26 | 33 | Robert Pressley **(R)** | Leo Jackson Motorsports | Chevrolet | 368 | 0 | crash | 61 | $13,050 |
| 35 | 24 | 41 | Ricky Craven **(R)** | Larry Hedrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 324 | 2 | engine | 63 | $6,950 |
| 36 | 35 | 26 | Hut Stricklin | King Racing | Ford | 202 | 0 | brakes | 55 | $11,450 |
| Failed to qualify | | | | | | | | | | |
| 37 |  | 31 | Jimmy Hensley | A.G. Dillard Motorsports | Chevrolet |  | | | | |
| 38 | | | 32 | Greg Sacks | Active Motorsports | Chevrolet |
| 39 | | | 40 | Rich Bickle | Dick Brooks Racing | Pontiac |
| 40 | | | 71 | Dave Marcis | Marcis Auto Racing | Chevrolet |
| 41 | | | 77 | Bobby Hillin Jr. | Jasper Motorsports | Ford |
| 42 | | | 81 | Kenny Wallace | FILMAR Racing | Ford |
| Official race results | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

1995 Goody's 500
| Race details | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Race 26 of 31 in the 1995 NASCAR Winston Cup Series | | | |
| The 1995 Goody's 500 program cover, featuring Rusty Wallace and Dale Earnhardt. | | | |
| Date | September 24, 1995 | | |
| Official name | 47th Annual Goody's 500 | | |
| Location | Ridgeway, Virginia, Martinsville Speedway | | |
| Course | Permanent racing facility<br>0.526 mi (0.847 km) | | |
| Distance | 500 laps, 263 mi (423.257 km) | | |
| Scheduled Distance | 500 laps, 263 mi (423.257 km) | | |
| Average speed | 73.946 miles per hour (119.005 km/h) | | |
| Pole position | | | |
| Driver |  | Hendrick Motorsports |
| Time | Set by 1995 owner's points | | |
| Most laps led | | | |
| Driver | Dale Earnhardt | Richard Childress Racing |
| Laps | 253 | | |
| Winner | | | |
| No. 3 | Dale Earnhardt | Richard Childress Racing |
| Television in the United States | | | |
| Network | ESPN | | |
| Announcers | Bob Jenkins, Ned Jarrett, Benny Parsons | | |
| Radio in the United States | | | |
| Radio | Motor Racing Network | | |