title: Riverside Geyser

abstract: Riverside Geyser is a geyser in Yellowstone National Park in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The geyser is located on the Firehole River within the Upper Geyser Basin. The geyser shoots steam and water to heights of 75 feet in an arch over the river, sometimes causing rainbows. The eruptions occur every 5ⁱ⁄2 to 7 hours. As is Old Faithful, Riverside is one of the most predictable geysers in the park, because it is not located near any other geysers that may disrupt the flow of underground water in the geyser's plumbing. Riverside is unique in its way that eruptions seldom occur at the average interval for any given time. Instead, Riverside is bimodal, meaning it usually erupts 20 minutes before or 25 minutes late for a duration of 20 minutes. For an hour or two before the eruption, water pours over the edge of the cone. The geyser was named by the Hayden Geological Survey of 1871. The geyser is one of the most reliable geysers in Yellowstone, despite the moniker and reputation of the better-known Old Faithful.

text:
# Riverside Geyser

**Riverside Geyser** is a geyser in Yellowstone National Park in the U.S. state of Wyoming.

The geyser is located on the Firehole River within the Upper Geyser Basin. The geyser shoots steam and water to heights of 75 feet (23 m) in an arch over the river, sometimes causing rainbows. The eruptions occur every 512 to 7 hours. As is Old Faithful, Riverside is one of the most predictable geysers in the park, because it is not located near any other geysers that may disrupt the flow of underground water in the geyser's plumbing. Riverside is unique in its way that eruptions seldom occur at the average interval for any given time. Instead, Riverside is bimodal, meaning it usually erupts 20 minutes before or 25 minutes late for a duration of 20 minutes. For an hour or two before the eruption, water pours over the edge of the cone. The geyser was named by the Hayden Geological Survey of 1871.

The geyser is one of the most reliable geysers in Yellowstone, despite the moniker and reputation of the better-known Old Faithful.

## InfoBox

| Riverside Geyser | |
| --- | --- |
| Full Eruption 2009 | |
|  | |
| Location | Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Teton County, Wyoming |
| Coordinates | 44°28′25″N 110°50′26″W / 44.4735439°N 110.8404890°W / 44.4735439; -110.8404890 |
| Type | Cone geyser |
| Eruption height | 75 feet (23 m) |
| Frequency | 5 - 7 hours |
| Duration | 20 minutes |
| Temperature | 82.1 °C (179.8 °F) |


title: Sine, Arunachal Pradesh

abstract: Sine is a village in the Boleng Circle of East Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh.

text:
# Sine, Arunachal Pradesh

**Sine** is a village in the Boleng Circle of East Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh.

## Language

Adi, English, Hindi and Sino-Tibetan are the main languages in use.

## Literacy

Census of 2001 records a total population of 438 inhabitants composed of 215 illiterate and 223 literate people. 146 males and 77 females are reported as literates.

## Location

Sine is located 31 km away from the Boleng circle office.

## Fire Incident

A fire which occurred on the midnight of 7 December 2014 was reported to have gutted 32 out of the total 64 houses in Sine leaving many families homeless. Loss of livestock was also reported and one person was known to have sustained burns requiring medical attention. The fire was the second to occur in the East Siang & West Siang (Siang Belt) within a span of one month. Earlier, Kerang Village under Kaying Circle of West Siang district also experienced a fire, on 12 November 2014, in which 70 houses were reportedly burnt down.

## InfoBox

| Sine Village | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Village of East Siang | |
| Sine VillageLocation in Arunachal Pradesh, IndiaSine VillageSine Village (India) | |
| Coordinates: 28°24′08″N 94°50′46″E / 28.402105°N 94.845986°E / 28.402105; 94.845986 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Arunachal Pradesh |
| District | East Siang |
| Circle | Boleng |
| Government | |
| Type | MLA, MP |
| MLA | Tapang Taloh |
| MP | Ninong Ering |
|  | As on Census 2011 |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| STD | 791102 |
| Website | www.eastsiang.nic.in |


title: 1839 in poetry

abstract: Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature.

text:
# 1839 in poetry

Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

## Events

## Works published

### United Kingdom

### United States

* Ralph Waldo Emerson:
    + "Each and All", a poem calling Nature "the perfect whole"
    + "The Humble-Bee", praising the "yellow breeched philosopher"
    + "The Rhodora"
* Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, *Voices of the Night*, the author's first volume of original poetry; includes "A Psalm of Life" and "Light of the Stars"
* Edgar Allan Poe, *The Haunted Palace*, an allegory of mental states; considered one of the author's best poems, written at a time when his finances forced him to concentrate on stories rather than poetry; originally published in the *Baltimore Museum* and later included in "The Fall of the House of Usher"
* William Gilmore Simms, *Southern Passages and Pictures*, lyrical, sentimental and descriptive poems; New York
* Jones Very, *Essays and Poems*, prose and poetry

### Other

## Births

Death years link to the corresponding "\[year\] in poetry" article:

## Deaths

Birth years link to the corresponding "\[year\] in poetry" article:

## InfoBox

| List of years in poetry (table) |
| --- |
|  |
| In literature 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 |
| *+...* |


title: Charles Houdret

abstract: Charles Houdret was a Canadian conductor, cellist, radio producer, and composer. He began his career in Belgium and was highly active as a conductor throughout Europe during the 1940s. In 1952 he immigrated to Canada where he ultimately became a naturalized citizen. He was active as a radio producer, cellist, and conductor in Canada up through 1964, after which nothing is known about his whereabouts or activities.

text:
# Charles Houdret

**Charles Houdret** (6 July 1905 – 1965) was a Canadian conductor, cellist, radio producer, and composer. He began his career in Belgium and was highly active as a conductor throughout Europe during the 1940s. In 1952 he immigrated to Canada where he ultimately became a naturalized citizen. He was active as a radio producer, cellist, and conductor in Canada up through 1964, after which nothing is known about his whereabouts or activities.

## Early life and career in Europe

Born in Liège, Belgium, Charles Houdret was trained at the Royal Conservatory of Liège where he was a pupil of Sylvain Dupuis in music composition. He also studied in Paris with André Hekking (cello), in Vienna with Felix Weingartner (conducting), and in Brussels with Eugène Ysaÿe (chamber music). Through Ysaÿe he was introduced to Albert I of Belgium and Elisabeth of Bavaria. Impressed with Houdret, the two monarchs appointed him to the post of director of the royal chapel orchestra. With this ensemble, he notably conducted Franz Schubert *Symphony No. 5 in B flat major* in a 1942 recording on the His Master's Voice music label. He spent the 1940s conducting this orchestra and others in concerts throughout Europe. During the Second World War he was jailed for embezzlement as he sold pianos and other orchestral material which did not belong to him.

## Life and career in Canada

In 1952 Houdret immigrated to Canada, initially to work as a conductor at the Montreal Festivals (MF). He made his first conducting appearance in Canada at the MF leading a performance of René Fauchois's play *Beethoven* which contained incidental music. Shortly thereafter he was appointed music director of CKVL-FM in Montreal and was appointed by Wilfrid Pelletier to the faculty of the Conservatoire de musique du Québec à Montréal (CMQM). He notably conducted the CMQM's orchestra in performances of Handel's *Concerto Grosso No. 10* and a string orchestra arrangement of Corelli's *Trio Sonatawith* the CMQM's orchestra for a 1955 recording made for Radio Canada International. He eventually was appointed director of the group from 1960 to 1964, during which time he led the orchestra in the world premiere of André Prévost's *Poème de l'infini*.

Houdret was highly active as a guest conductor in Canada during the 1950s and early 1960s. He notably led five performances of Richard Wagner's *Parsifal* at the Palais du Commerce in April 1954, a work which had not been mounted in Canada since its national premiere in 1905. He appeared as a guest conductor with the CBC Symphony Orchestra 10 times between 1954 and 1964, notably conducting the group in the world premieres of Claude Champagne's *Altitude* and Robert Turner's *Opening Night* in 1960. For CBC Radio, he conducted the world premiere of Humphrey Searle's *The Diary of a Madman* in 1959. Houdret also appeared as a cellist in recitals and concerts throughout his career, although he primarily focused on his work as a conductor. He notably recorded six of Luigi Boccherini's cello sonatas with pianist Monique Marcil in 1963. In August of that same year he had an instrumental role in establishing the first Montreal International Music Competition. After 1964 nothing of his life is known.

Citations * Houdret Archived 29 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine and the "Fondation Musicale Reine Elisabeth", Conférence de presse, March 27, 2012: *75 ans de musique partagée*, by Michel Stockhem. In French
* *La Fondation Musicale Reine Elisabeth*, Brussels. Houdret: p. 213 sq and passim (about his contributions to Brussels's interwar musical identity)


title: The Correct Use of Soap

abstract: The Correct Use of Soap is the third studio album by English post-punk band Magazine, released by Virgin Records in 1980. It contains some of Magazine's best-known and most popular songs, including the singles "A Song from Under the Floorboards" and "Sweetheart Contract" and their cover of Sly and the Family Stone's "Thank You". A different version of the album, entitled An Alternative Use of Soap, was released in Canada in 1980 by then-distributor Polygram Records. It was Magazine's last album with original guitarist John McGeoch, who left the band after the release of the album and joined Siouxsie and the Banshees.

text:
# The Correct Use of Soap

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Irish Times* |  |
|  |  |
| *Record Mirror* |  |
| *Smash Hits* | 5/10 |
| *Stylus Magazine* | A |
| *Uncut* |  |

***The Correct Use of Soap*** is the third studio album by English post-punk band Magazine, released by Virgin Records in 1980. It contains some of Magazine's best-known and most popular songs, including the singles "A Song from Under the Floorboards" and "Sweetheart Contract" and their cover of Sly and the Family Stone's "Thank You (Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin)". A different version of the album, entitled ***An Alternative Use of Soap***, was released in Canada in 1980 by then-distributor Polygram Records.

It was Magazine's last album with original guitarist John McGeoch, who left the band after the release of the album and joined Siouxsie and the Banshees.

## Content

Some of the songs marked a return of sorts to the punkier riffs and faster rhythms of *Real Life*, after their second album, *Secondhand Daylight*.

Two songs on the album make reference to elements of works by Fyodor Dostoyevsky, namely "Philadelphia" (referring to Raskolnikov, the main character in *Crime and Punishment*) and "A Song from Under the Floorboards" (based on *Notes from Underground*).

The record sleeve design for this album, as for most other Magazine albums and singles, was by Malcolm Garrett.

## Release

*The Correct Use of Soap* peaked at number 28 on the UK Albums Chart. The tracks "A Song from Under the Floorboards", "Thank You (Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin)" and "Sweetheart Contract" were released as singles. "Thank You" peaked at number 42 on the *Billboard* Dance Music/Club Play Singles chart in the United States, while "Sweetheart Contract" peaked at number 54 on the UK Singles Chart.

Following the release of the album, guitarist John McGeoch left Magazine and joined Siouxsie and the Banshees. McGeoch also played with Visage, formed by his Magazine bandmates Dave Formula and Barry Adamson. He was replaced by Robin Simon (ex-Ultravox, later with Ajantamusic) on the world tour promoting the album.

"A Song from Under the Floorboards" was featured on Rhino's 2004 box set *Left of the Dial: Dispatches from the '80s Underground* and has been covered many times in concert by fellow Mancunian Morrissey. It was also covered by Australian band My Friend the Chocolate Cake on their ARIA Music Award-winning album *Brood* (1994), and by Simple Minds on the 2CD edition of their 2009 album *Graffiti Soul*.

## Critical reception

Upon its release, the album received mixed reviews in the British music press. *Record Mirror* gave it a 4 out of 5 rating, while *Smash Hits* reviewer Red Starr wrote: "Despite the fine musicianship doing its best to sound busy and imposing, this thoroughly forgettable set lacks depth, conviction and, most of all, decent songs!" *NME* ranked it 14 on their "Albums Of The Year" list.

## Live performances

On 1 September 2009, Magazine performed the original album in its entirety during the first half of their show at the Royal Festival Hall in London.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Howard Devoto and all music is composed by Magazine (Barry Adamson, Howard Devoto, John Doyle, Dave Formula and John McGeoch), except where noted.

### *The Correct Use of Soap*

Side one
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Because You're Frightened" | 3:54 |
| 2. | "Model Worker" | 2:51 |
| 3. | "I'm a Party" | 3:01 |
| 4. | "You Never Knew Me" | 5:23 |
| 5. | "Philadelphia" | 3:54 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6. | "I Want to Burn Again" |  | 5:16 |
| 7. | "Thank You (Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin)" | Sylvester Stewart | 3:48 |
| 8. | "Sweetheart Contract" |  | 3:18 |
| 9. | "Stuck" |  | 4:04 |
| 10. | "A Song from Under the Floorboards" |  | 4:07 |

2007 remastered edition bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 11. | "Twenty Years Ago" |  | 3:03 |
| 12. | "The Book" |  | 2:22 |
| 13. | "Upside Down" |  | 3:47 |
| 14. | "The Light Pours Out of Me" (single version) |  | 3:28 |

### *An Alternative Use of Soap*

Side one
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Because You're Frightened" |  | 3:54 |
| 2. | "The Light Pours Out of Me" | * Devoto * McGeoch * Shelley | 3:28 |
| 3. | "You Never Knew Me" |  | 5:23 |
| 4. | "Upside Down" |  | 3:48 |
| 5. | "Sweetheart Contract" |  | 3:18 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6. | "A Song from Under the Floorboards" |  | 4:07 |
| 7. | "Philadelphia" |  | 3:54 |
| 8. | "I Want to Burn Again" |  | 5:16 |
| 9. | "Stuck" |  | 4:04 |
| 10. | "Thank You (Fallentinme Be Mice Elf Again)" | Stewart | 3:48 |

## Personnel

Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.

**Magazine**

**Additional musicians**

* Laura Teresa – additional backing vocals

**Technical**

## Charts

| Chart (1980) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Albums (Kent Music Report) | 98 |
| New Zealand Albums (RMNZ) | 37 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 28 |

## Further reading

* Sullivan-Burke, Rory (April 2022). *The Light Pours Out of Me: The Authorised Biography of John McGeoch*. Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-1913172664.

## InfoBox

| The Correct Use of Soap | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Magazine | |
| Released | May 1980 (1980-05) |
| Recorded | 1980 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 40:05 |
| Label | Virgin |
| Producer | Martin Hannett |
| Magazine chronology | |
| *Secondhand Daylight*
(1979) ***The Correct Use of Soap***
(1980) *Play*
(1980) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *The Correct Use of Soap* | |
| 1. "A Song from Under the Floorboards" b/w "Twenty Years Ago"
Released: January 1980 2. "Thank You (Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin)" b/w "The Book"
Released: March 1980 3. "Sweetheart Contract" b/w "Feed the Enemy (Live)", "Twenty Years Ago (Live)", "Shot by Both Sides (Live)"
Released: July 1980 | |
|  | |


title: Dragonslayers (Martian Metals)

abstract: Dragonslayers is a line of miniatures published in 1980 by Martian Metals.

text:
# Dragonslayers (Martian Metals)

***Dragonslayers*** is a line of miniatures published in 1980 by Martian Metals.

## Contents

*Dragonslayers* were released as twelve sets with each containing 12-20 15 mm scale lead miniatures of humans and fantasy creatures.

## Reception

Kerry Gaber reviewed *Dragonslayers* in *The Space Gamer* No. 34. Gaber commented that "15 mm figures are too small for many FRP gamers, and the *lack* of repetition makes them less useful for fantasy army wargaming. \[...\] But, if you use 15 mm scale for your FRPG, these figures are for you."

*Dragonslayers* & *Travellers* was awarded the Origins Award for "Best Fantasy or Science Fiction Figure Series of 1981".


title: Serbian civil code

abstract: The Serbian Civil Code was the first and only complete Civil Code in Serbia. It was enacted on 6 April 1844, modeled mostly after the Civil Code of Austria, during the reign of the Defenders of the Constitution and Prince Aleksandar Karađorđević. Its author is Jovan Hadžić. The initial title of the Serbian Civil Code was „Zakonik građanski(j) za Knjažestvo Srbiju“. It consists of 950 articles in total, which makes it one of the shortest Civil Codes created. The Serbian Civil Code is one of the earliest and most important modern Civil law codifications enacted in Europe during the 19th century, after Napoleon’s Code Civile (1804), the Civil Code of Austria, and the Code of Netherlands (1838). It was in force for a whole century, until 1946, which makes it the longest-lasting code in Serbia’s recent history. By the Law on the invalidity of pre-war legislation and those enacted during the enemy occupation, dated 1946, its use was enabled until the new legislation was adapted. This means that the Serbian Civil Code is applied to this day when it comes to certain legal lacunae.

text:
# Serbian civil code

The Serbian Civil Code (SCC for short) was the first and only complete Civil Code in Serbia. It was enacted on 6 April 1844, modeled mostly after the Civil Code of Austria, during the reign of the Defenders of the Constitution and Prince Aleksandar Karađorđević.

Its author is Jovan Hadžić. The initial title of the Serbian Civil Code was „Zakonik građanski(j) za Knjažestvo Srbiju“.

It consists of 950 articles in total, which makes it one of the shortest Civil Codes created.

The Serbian Civil Code is one of the earliest and most important modern Civil law codifications enacted in Europe during the 19th century, after Napoleon’s Code Civile (1804), the Civil Code of Austria, and the Code of Netherlands (1838).

It was in force for a whole century, until 1946, which makes it the longest-lasting code in Serbia’s recent history. By the Law on the invalidity of pre-war legislation and those enacted during the enemy occupation, dated 1946, its use was enabled until the new legislation was adapted. This means that the Serbian Civil Code is applied to this day when it comes to certain legal lacunae.

## The enactment of the Code

The Serbian Civil Code was enacted because of the Principality Serbia’s need to establish a stable public order, provide legal certainty as well as the need to manage the property law-related relations, as they became complex after the enactment of hatt-i sharif(s) from 1830. and 1833. It was necessary to establish laws that would support the inviolability of private property.

It took a significant amount of time for the Code to be enacted because of the absence of certain conditions, including the nation’s general illiteracy, the absence of developed legal theory, and the state of legislative and judicial practice.

Although reluctant regarding the idea, due to the significant dissatisfaction of the people, as well as the newly formed situation in the Principality, Prince Miloš Obrenović, during the spring of 1829, named members of the legislative committee, with its mission being to form a Civil law Code. Members of the mentioned committee, as well as the ones established afterward, were prominent and educated people of their time, although they didn't possess any legal education. Among the mentioned members were Georgije Zaharijades, teacher of Prince Miloš's own sons, to whom the Prince assigned translating a part of the Code civile from German, as well as Vuk Stefanović Karadžić, Dimitrije Davidović, and others. The committee’s work focused on translating foreign laws, whose content didn’t match contemporary Serbia’s situation and needs. Afterward, the work on the Code temporarily ceased. It was continued in 1834 but to no avail. Due to the lack of the required expertise, no committee managed to fulfill the Prince’s expectations. The task was even avoided and taken involuntarily, as the committee members were aware of their lack of expertise which was required for the undertaking in question. Afterward, Prince Miloš entrusted the creation of the Code to a respectable lawyer and writer Jovan Hadžić, and the mayor of Zemun, Vasilije Lazarević.

At the Prince’s behest, they were assigned with forming a short compilation of civil law, modeled like the Civil Code of Austria, based on Serbian customary law that would be clear and comprehensible for everyone. Arriving in Serbia in 1873, Jovan Hadžić and Lazarević shared the workload, therefore Jovan Hadžić was supposed to create a Civil Code, whilst Lazarević worked on criminal and procedural law Codes. The two of them, as soon as they arrived in Serbia, looked through the material relevant to the Code so far and created a report for the Prince. They pointed out the inconsistent understanding of property, as well as the injustice when it comes to omitting female children from the hereditary order. However, Lazarević passed away shortly after so Jovan Hadžić was forced to take on his part of the workload as well.

Due to his active participation in constitution-related battles, Jovan Hadžić ceased his work on the Code, which he continued after Prince Miloš abdicated the throne and the mentioned battles were over. Jovan Hadžić's draft was inspected by the committee formed alongside Council, and, after some slight modifications, it was authorized by Prince Aleksandar and the State Council. The Code was proclaimed in 1844, on the Blagovesti holiday. Although enacted on the Prince Miloš’s initiative, this Code was forced by the Principality’s people, as they were dissatisfied with Miloš’s self-will.

Shortly after its enactment, the Serbian Civil Code was harshly criticized and impugned. The comments and attitudes of most of its critics were negative and some of them were even disparaging. Some of the critics considered Jovan Hadžić a copyist, which is not accurate considering that an undertaking like this would require a notable law education, as well as reasoning, considering it was hard to adapt legal norms to the underdeveloped legal terminology in Serbia. The Civil Code of Austria is more developed and older in comparison to the Serbian Civil Code, and SCC is also less developed when compared to Montenegro’s „Opšti imovinski zakonik“ from 1888, which was composed by Valtazar Bogišić.

Among the first critics of the Code were Pavle Šeroglić, a Serbian lawyer from Hungary, Dimitrije Matić, a respectable law professor, Gligorije Giga Geršić, and the first serious remark came from Nikola Krstić, who influenced the Department of Justice enough for them to commence a revision procedure of the Code in 1872. Although Krstić presented a draft of a new Civil Code, State Council decided that some modifications and additions to Jovan Hadžić's Code would suffice.

During the end of the 19. and at the beginning of the 20. century was the harshest criticism wave, leaving behind a significant impact. He was criticized by the most eminent Serbian lawyers – Andra Đorđević and professor Dragoljub Aranđelović, who was the one to translate the Civil Code of Austria into the Serbian language. Dragoljub Aranđelović harshly criticized Jovan Hadžić and his work, stating that there has never been a worse Code enacted in Serbian history. Professor Aranđelović commenced an initiative for bringing a new Civil Code. Critics were made by Živojin Perić as well, who advocated for a new codification. Perić, as well as Slobodan Jovanović, pointed out that the Serbian Civil Code was a shortened version of the Civil Code of Austria.

All of them were of opinion that this Code does not suit the needs of the Serbian people, as well as the foregoing situation in Serbia. Critics of Jovan Hadžić and his Code remain to this day. Most objections state that he contributed to the decomposition of the family cooperative, denied heritage rights of the daughter, limited women’s business ability, etc. He was criticized for neglecting folk traditions. The critics pointed out that the Serbian Civil Code was a copy and shortened version of the Civil Code of Austria from 1811, after which it was modeled.

The Serbian Civil Code was surpassed 60ish years after its enactment due to the newly formed situation in the country and its society’s development, as well as the advent of new and modern Civil codifications across the world.

## History

Serbian Civil Code is only the third European codification of civil law after France's Code Napoléon (1804) and the Civil Code of Austria (1811), all adapted and based on Justinian I's legal system. It was originally known as the 1844 Civil Code of the Kingdom of Serbia. It regulated, among other things, the issues of private property, personal freedom, freedom of contracting, and the equality of parties in civil proceedings.

The Code was written by the first president of the *Matica Srpska*, lawyer and writer Jovan Hadžić at the behest of Prince Miloš Obrenović, and it was based on the model of the Austrian and French codifications of civil law and the earliest judicial reforms by Justinian, particularly through the complete revision of all Roman laws, something that had never before been done. The total of Justinian's legislature is known today as the Corpus Juris Civilis. The 1844 Civil Code, written by Hadžić, was designed to protect owners of land. Hadžić was a true innovator for he envisaged success of the civil procedural law, that is of judicial system.

Hadžić's code contained basic elements of civil understanding of institute of property and trading of property, that is contracts. Property and property transfer/trading were possible only if the judicial protection existed, and that protection was guaranteed under the 1840 Law of Arrangement of District Courts and after the Supreme Court came into being in 1846.

In 1837, under pressure from the Russians and the Constitutionalist oligarchy to provide a constitution, Miloš Obrenović appointed the best Serbian judicial minds at the time, Jovan Hadžić, and one of the most influential lawyers in Austria, to draw up a draft to be submitted to a committee. Hadžić's Serbian Civil code is based on the Civil Code of Austria in abbreviated form, of course, with an introduction of the institution of Saint Sava\`s Serbian Zakonopravilo and customary law. Hadžić drafted the Serbian Civil Code, which was accepted by the legislative committee and promulgated the code on 6 April 1844.

## Changes

The rules of this Code were in use for many years after it went out of effect in 1946, until the adoption of separate laws for individual fields of civil law (such as inheritance in 1955, torts and contracts in 1978 and property legal relations in 1980).

## See


title: Chloroxymorphamine

abstract: Chloroxymorphamine is an opioid and a derivative of oxymorphone which binds irreversibly as an agonist to the μ-opioid receptor.

text:
# Chloroxymorphamine

**Chloroxymorphamine** is an opioid and a derivative of oxymorphone which binds irreversibly as an agonist to the μ-opioid receptor.

## InfoBox

Chloroxymorphamine
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C21H28Cl2N2O3/c1-24-9-6-20-17-13-2-3-15(26)18(17)28-19(20)14(25(10-7-22)11-8-23)4-5-21(20,27)16(24)12-13/h2-3,14,16,19,26-27H,4-12H2,1H3/t14-,16-,19+,20+,21-/m1/s1Key: KAFQZFNWIPBPJR-GQHLEUQBSA-N | |
| SMILES * CN1CC\[C@\]23c4c5ccc(c4O\[C@H\]2\[C@@H\](CC\[C@\]3(\[C@H\]1C5)O)N(CCCl)CCCl)O | |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Law Kwok-tai

abstract: Law Kwok-tai was a football coach and a Republic of China (Taiwan) international footballer, but born and spent his entire playing and coaching career in the British Hong Kong, a colony that geographically located in the southern China. Law retired as a professional footballer in 1976, aged 47. That season he was a player-manager. He coached until the 1990s, at aged 60s. At international level he played for Republic of China (Taiwan) in the Olympics as well as Asian Games and AFC Asian Cup. He also played for Hong Kong League XI in non-official match in Merdeka Tournament, as well as "Hong Kong Chinese" team in another friendly tournament, Ho Ho Cup.

text:
# Law Kwok-tai

**Law Kwok-tai** (or transliterated as **Lo Kwok Tai**; 5 August 1929  1 September 2013) was a football coach and a Republic of China (Taiwan) international footballer, but born and spent his entire playing and coaching career in the British Hong Kong, a colony that geographically located in the southern China. Law retired as a professional footballer in 1976, aged 47. That season he was a player-manager. He coached until the 1990s, at aged 60s. At international level he played for Republic of China (Taiwan) in the Olympics as well as Asian Games and AFC Asian Cup. He also played for Hong Kong League XI in non-official match in Merdeka Tournament, as well as "Hong Kong Chinese" team in another friendly tournament, Ho Ho Cup.

## Club career

At club level, Law played for Eastern of the Hong Kong First Division League.

## International career

Law participated in the 1960 Olympics for the Republic of China (Taiwan, now played as Chinese Taipei). He played his only appearance in that tournament, against Brazil.

He also played in 1960 and 1968 AFC Asian Cup, as well as 1958 Asian Games, where he won the goal medal. He scored against his native Hong Kong in 1968 AFC Asian Cup.

He also represented Hong Kong League XI, a scratch team of the Hong Kong Football Association (HKFA) for 1957 Merdeka Tournament, a friendly tournament. The team was mainly composed of players from the football club Eastern, but most of them in fact ineligible to Hong Kong team, who already played for aforementioned Republic of China (Taiwan).

He also represented another team Hong Kong Chinese team in 1959, against Costa Rican club Deportivo Saprissa in a friendly match and against Malayan Chinese team in the Ho Ho Cup. The team was selected by the Chinese Football Association of Hong Kong, a sub-association of HKFA, the Chinese Amateur Athletic Federation of Hong Kong and China National Football Association of Taiwan.

## Coaching career

After retirement as a professional footballer, Law became a football coach. He coached Eastern, (as player-manager in 1975–76 season and in the 1980s), Kwong Wah, Sea Bee, Tsuen Wan, Po Chai Pills, Happy Valley, as well as Martini (1990–91) and Singtao (1991 to ?) in the 1990s. Those clubs were all based in Hong Kong.

### Sea Bee

Law was hired as the head coach of Sea Bee in 1977. He coached the team until the end of the 1981–82 Hong Kong First Division League.

He also attended an advanced coaching course that was conducted by a West German coach as well as sponsored by the West German Consulate General Hong Kong in 1980.

### Tsuen Wan

Law was the head coach of Tsuen Wan from 1982. He was dismissed in January 1983.

### Eastern (second and the third spells)

Law was the head coach of Eastern in the 1980s. He resigned in April 1985. The club also promoted his assistant But Wai-hong (畢偉康) as head coach.

Law was re-hired by Eastern in November 1985 as vice-manager (副領隊) and head coach (總教練). In the next season, Law and Leung Chun-kuen (梁振權) were hired as joint-head coach (教練) of Eastern in June 1986. The latter was promoted from footballer and would attended coaching class in August 1986 in the United Kingdom. In June 1987, Law was reassigned from the head coach to the technical consultant (技術顧問) of Eastern. Soon later he left the club.

### Po Chai Pills

Law was hired as head coach by Po Chai Pills, a newcomer of 1987–88 Hong Kong First Division League in 1987. The club is a namesake of the Po Chai Pills, a proprietary Chinese medicine. The club relegated back to the second division in 1988.

### Happy Valley

Law and Chan Kwok-hung (陳國雄) were hired by Happy Valley as joint-head coach in 1988, while the former manager (領隊) Mr. Leung/Leong/Liang (梁子明) was assigned a more administrative role by the head (and financial contributor) of the football section (足主) of the club, Ricky Yu Kam-wai (余錦偉), as an assistant of Yu's brother, Lawrence Yu Kam-kee.

He won Hong Kong First Division League with Happy Valley in 1989. However, his contract was not renewed.

### Martini

Law was hired by Martini (馬天尼), a club from the second division as head coach in the 1990–91 season. He resigned in January 1991 but changed his mind in the same month. He resigned again in March 1991.

### Singtao

Law was hired by Singtao in June 1991, replacing Chan Hung-ping (陳鴻平).

## Honours

As player As coach

## Personal life

Law was known for pro-Republic of China (Taiwan) as his political affiliation. In 1962, an advertisement on *New Evening Post*, claimed Law and some of the footballers, congratulated the 12th anniversary of the establishment of *New Evening Post*, a pro-People's Republic of China (Chinese Communist Party) newspaper. However, another open letter on *Hong Kong Times*, a pro-Republic of China (Taiwan) and Kuomintang newspaper, Law and three other people, declared that they did not endorse to put their names on the advertisement.

Law died on 1 September 2013 in the Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, according to Eastern Football Team; or before 2014, according to former teammate Law Pak during an interview.

## InfoBox

| Law Kwok-tai | |
| --- | --- |
| 羅國泰 | |
| Born | 5 August 1929
Hong Kong, the British Empire |
| Died | 1 September 2013(2013-09-01) (aged 84)
Hong Kong S.A.R., the People's Republic of China |
| Nationality | Republic of China (Taiwan) (1949–2013)  British Hong Kong (1929–1997)  Republic of China (1929–1949)  People's Republic of China (1997–2013) |
| Other names | Tai Gor 泰哥 (means Brother "Tai")  泰仔 (means Son "Tai") |
| Citizenship | British Hong Kong (1929–1997) |
| Occupations | * association footballer * association football coach |
| Height | 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) |
| Association football career Position(s) Inside forward  Senior career\*  Years **Team** **Apps** **(Gls)**  ?000–1976 Eastern    International career  1950s–1960s Republic of China (Taiwan)    Managerial career  ?000–1976 Eastern (player-manager)  1976–1977 Kwong Wah  1977–1982 Sea Bee  1982–1983 Tsuen Wan  198?–1985  Eastern  1985–1987  Eastern  1987–1988  Po Chai Pills  1988–1989 Happy Valley  1990–1991  Martini  1991–? Singtao  \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Traditional Chinese | 羅國泰 |
| Simplified Chinese | 罗国泰 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Luō Guó Tài  Wade–Giles Luo Kuo T'ai  Yue: Cantonese  Jyutping Lo4 Gwok3 Taai3 | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Chapsa microspora

abstract: Chapsa microspora is a species of lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was described as new to science in 2011 by German lichenologist Klaus Kalb.

text:
# Chapsa microspora

***Chapsa microspora*** is a species of lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was described as new to science in 2011 by German lichenologist Klaus Kalb.

## InfoBox

| *Chapsa microspora* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Graphidales |
| Family: | Graphidaceae |
| Genus: | *Chapsa* |
| Species: | ***C. microspora*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Chapsa microspora***<br>Kalb (2011) | |
|


title: Ray Smith (running back)

abstract: Ray Smith is a former Canadian football player who played for the Saskatchewan Roughriders. He previously played football at the University of California, Los Angeles.

text:
# Ray Smith (running back)

**Ray Smith** (born c. 1937) is a former Canadian football player who played for the Saskatchewan Roughriders. He previously played football at the University of California, Los Angeles.

## InfoBox

Ray Smith
| Smith from the 1960 UCLA yearbook | |
| --- | --- |
| Born: | c. 1937 (age 8687)<br>Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Career information | |
| CFL status | American |
| Position(s) | HB, |
| Height | 5 ft 11 in (180 cm) |
| Weight | 200 lb (91 kg) |
| College | UCLA |
| AFL draft | 1960, round: 2, pick: First Selections |
| Drafted by | Minneapolis AFL team |
| Career history | |
| As player | |
| 19601962 | Saskatchewan Roughriders |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |


title: Sir Thomas Cave, 7th Baronet

abstract: Sir Thomas Cave, 7th Baronet was a British politician.

text:
# Sir Thomas Cave, 7th Baronet

**Sir Thomas Cave, 7th Baronet** (6 October 1766 – 15 January 1792) was a British politician.

## Early life

The son of Sir Thomas Cave, 6th Baronet and Sarah Edwards, he succeeded to his father's baronetcy in 1780. Cave was educated at the Christ Church, Oxford, where he matriculated in 1785.

## Career

His grandfather had represented Leicestershire in the Parliament of 1741, before Cave was chosen in 1790, on the retirement of John Peach-Hungerford, on the same independent interest through the support of Lord Harborough, his future father-in-law. Cave made no mark in Parliament, where he supported Pitt, and was listed hostile to the repeal of the Test Act in Scotland in April 1791.

## Personal life

On 3 June 1791, Sir Thomas was married to Lady Lucy Sherard (d. 1858), daughter of Robert Sherard, 4th Earl of Harborough and the former Jane Reeve, the daughter of his friend William Reeve of Melton Mowbray.

After a short illness, he died, aged only 25 on 15 January 1792. He was buried in Stanford on Avon in Northamptonshire on 27 January 1792. He was succeeded by his younger brother Charles. After his death, his widow remarried to the Hon. Philip Bouverie-Pusey (1746-1828), the eldest son of Jacob Bouverie, 1st Viscount Folkestone, by his second wife, the Hon. Elizabeth Marsham (eldest daughter of Robert Marsham, 1st Baron Romney), in 1798.

## InfoBox

| Sir Thomas Cave, Bt | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament for Leicestershire | |
| **In office**
1790–1792Serving with William Pochin | |
| Preceded by | William Pochin
John Peach-Hungerford |
| Succeeded by | William Pochin
Penn Assheton Curzon |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1766-10-06)6 October 1766 |
| Died | 15 January 1792(1792-01-15) (aged 25) |
| Spouse | Lady Lucy Sherard (m. 1791) |
| Parent(s) | Sir Thomas Cave, 6th Baronet
Sarah Edwards |
| Alma mater | Christ Church, Oxford |
|  | |


title: The Chosen Family

abstract: The Chosen Family was a Canadian comic strip, written and drawn by Winnipeg cartoonist Noreen Stevens from 1987 to 2004. The strip evolved from an earlier project, Local Access Only, published in the University of Manitoba newspaper, The Manitoban. The Chosen Family used social and political satire to shine a light on late 20th century queer experience through Stevens' lens as lesbian feminist. It featured four on-going characters, lesbians Kenneth-Marie and Weed, whose relationship was undefined, and the couple's friends and neighbours, Puddin' Head and The Straight Chick Upstairs. Later the strip also featured Kenneth-Marie and Weed's two fostered/adopted children, a daughter named Rosebud and an unnamed son. The strip appeared in many LGBT publications throughout North America, including Xtra!, Xtra West, Swerve, Perceptions, off our backs, Chicago Outlines, Herizons, Ms. and the Washington Blade. It also appeared in mainstream general interest publications such as Geist. Stevens retired the strip in 2004 after producing almost 400 biweekly semi-serialize installments.

text:
# The Chosen Family

***The Chosen Family*** was a Canadian comic strip, written and drawn by Winnipeg cartoonist Noreen Stevens from 1987 to 2004. The strip evolved from an earlier project, ***Local Access Only***, published in the University of Manitoba newspaper, *The Manitoban*. *The Chosen Family* used social and political satire to shine a light on late 20th century queer experience through Stevens' lens as lesbian feminist. It featured four on-going characters, lesbians Kenneth-Marie and Weed, whose relationship was undefined, and the couple's friends and neighbours, Puddin' Head and The Straight Chick Upstairs. Later the strip also featured Kenneth-Marie and Weed's two fostered/adopted children, a daughter named Rosebud and an unnamed son.

The strip appeared in many LGBT publications throughout North America, including *Xtra!*, *Xtra West*, *Swerve*, *Perceptions*, *off our backs*, *Chicago Outlines*, *Herizons*, *Ms.* and the *Washington Blade*. It also appeared in mainstream general interest publications such as *Geist*.

Stevens retired the strip in 2004 after producing almost 400 biweekly semi-serialize installments.


title: Chris True

abstract: Chris True is an American politician. He serves as a Republican member for the Rockingham 9th district of the New Hampshire House of Representatives.

text:
# Chris True

**Chris True** is an American politician. He serves as a Republican member for the Rockingham 9th district of the New Hampshire House of Representatives.

## InfoBox

| Chris True | |
| --- | --- |
| True in 2022 | |
|  | |
| Member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives
from the Rockingham 4th district | |
| **In office**
2014  December 7, 2022 | |
| Member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives
from the Rockingham 9th district | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
December 7, 2022 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Republican |
|  | |


title: Shield Illinois

abstract: SHIELD Illinois is the SHIELD Deployment Unit of the University of Illinois System charged with administering the covidSHIELD SARS-CoV-2 assay throughout the State of Illinois. SHIELD Illinois performed over 7.2 million SARS-CoV-2 assays during its initial program. This represents 12% of all SARS-CoV-2 tests in Illinois and more tests than 24 entire states.

text:
# Shield Illinois

**SHIELD Illinois** is the SHIELD Deployment Unit of the University of Illinois System charged with administering the covidSHIELD SARS-CoV-2 assay throughout the State of Illinois. SHIELD Illinois performed over 7.2 million SARS-CoV-2 assays during its initial program. This represents 12% of all SARS-CoV-2 tests in Illinois and more tests than 24 entire states.

## History

### Creation of the covidSHIELD assay and SHIELD Illinois

The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) faced a problem when the global spread of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 led to the closure of its campus in April 2020. Campus leaders wanted to find a way to resume normal activities and realized that frequent, accurate testing of the community would be key. However, there was no existing test that was non-invasive, inexpensive, and quick enough to provide results in time for the campus to take action. UIUC decided to take on this challenge and within a few months, researchers had developed the covidSHIELD assay, a saliva-based PCR test that eliminated the costly and time-consuming RNA extraction step used in other SARS-CoV-2 tests. This fast, accurate, and affordable test allowed UIUC to start twice weekly testing of its entire campus population, which helped to reduce the positivity rate on campus and in the surrounding community. The success of the SHIELD program at UIUC led the University of Illinois System to offer this service to other entities in Illinois, resulting in the creation of the SHIELD Deployment Unit aka SHIELD Illinois.

To run this new startup, University administration tapped then Associate Dean for Strategy and Innovation at the Gies College of Business on the Urbana-Champaign campus, Ron Watkins. Watkins brought on board three former iMBA students to form the core team along with individuals loaned to SHIELD Illinois by other system units.

### Expansion

SHIELD Illinois was originally intended to be a facilitator, assisting laboratories in preparing to use the covidSHIELD assay and advising colleges, universities, and other organizations on how to collect specimens. SHIELD Illinois would also provide the technology needed to transmit orders to the lab and results back to the collecting agency. It was estimated that the program would have 50 testing locations and collect 1.5 million tests over a six-month period. Over time, SHIELD Illinois's role expanded beyond its original advisory function, and it became involved in the logistics of running both laboratories and collection sites. However, the estimated number of labs and locations remained the same.

This changed in March 2021, when the University of Illinois System entered into an Intergovernmental Agreement with the Illinois Department of Public Health to offer testing to every school district, community college, and public university in Illinois, as well as community testing sites for the general public throughout the state. There are 853 school districts covering 3,977 with 1.9 million students in Illinois.

As of October 2022, the company had performed over 6.5 million tests at over 1,700 sites in Illinois, including the governor's office, the state legislature, and the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois; engaged 12 CLIA or CAP-certified laboratories; and built a transportation network covering 80,000 square miles. Tests performed by SHIELD Illinois represent 12% of all SARS-CoV-2 tests in Illinois and more tests than 24 entire states. To achieve this, SHIELD Illinois ultimately grew from a team of 30 to over 300 employees and more than 1,000 contractors.

### Operation Expanded Testing

In October 2021, SHIELD and IDPH partnered with the United States Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS) Midwest COVID-19 Testing Coordination Center (MCC) to bring funding and resources from HHS "Operation Expanded Testing" to Illinois. This not only provided additional funding to Illinois but also provided testing to remote rural schools that previously were unable to manage the logistics of testing operations.

### Program End

With the COVID-19 pandemic waning, SHIELD Illinois performed its last SARS-CoV-2 assay on June 30, 2023.

## Logistics

To meet the testing demand both in terms of turnaround times and specimens processed per day, SHIELD Illinois created an extensive logistics network consisting of The Depot (Chicagoland Central distribution hub), funnel sites (drop points for collection sites located far from The Depot or a central Illinois laboratory), a fleet of 40 vehicles, 12 geographically disparate labs, and a courier network covering 80,000 square miles.

### Laboratory Network

## Impact

### Lives Saved

A peer-reviewed research study published June, 2022 in the journal Nature Communications showed the effectiveness of fast/frequent testing using the novel low-cost and scalable saliva-based RT-qPCR assay for SARS-CoV-2 that bypasses RNA extraction called covidSHIELD reduced mortality in the community more than 4-fold relative to expected.

### Test to Stay

SHIELD Illinois piloted the "Test to Stay" program developed in cooperation with the Illinois Department of Public Health. Later endorsed by the CDC, Test to Stay allows unvaccinated students, faculty, and staff who have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals to remain in the classroom providing they wear a mask and test on days one, three, five, and seven following exposure. This program prevented the need to quarantine and exclude entire classes when one student in the group tests positive. During the pilot period alone, which only covered a population of 1,035 students and staff, "8,152 learning days were saved among close contacts."

### Back to Trials

In February 2019, SHIELD Illinois partnered with the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois to provide SARS-CoV-2 screening to jurors, attorneys, employees, and other courthouse visitors. The program required all jurors to test with SHIELD Illinois before reporting for voir dire while employees were tested weekly. This partnership allowed jury trials to resume in the Northern District while maintaining a safe and healthy working environment for everyone involved.

### Back to the Capital - Illinois General Assembly

SHIELD Illinois started testing visitors, staff, and members of the Illinois General Assembly in January 2021 which coincided with the legislators' return to in-person attendance in Springfield for the legislative session. Testing was mandatory for non-vaccinated visitors and capitol staff. Testing was optional for members.

### Oak Park River Forest High School Outbreak

After 17 new cases were diagnosed in one week, the Oak Park Health Department forced Oak Park River Forest High School to cancel all extracurricular activities on December 3, 2021 and hinted toward a future move to suspend in-person learning. Oak Park Public Health Director Dr. Theresa Chapple expressed concerns that "only about 100 to 200 students" were tested each week which left the department blind to the actual size of the outbreak. SHIELD Illinois was engaged by the district on Saturday, December 4 about the possibility of testing the entire school population in one day. SHIELD rallied every employee trained to collect specimens, including executive leadership, accounting specialists, and logistics team members. Monday, December 6, 2021, SHIELD Illinois collected specimens from 1,651 students, faculty, and staff. This initial round of testing identified 20 positive patients. The health department allowed extracurricular activities to resume on December 7, 2021. SHIELD Illinois repeated the same process on December 9. This time testing 1,396 faculty, staff, and students--identifying an additional 3 positive cases.

### Reopening Chicago Public Schools

While SHIELD Illinois provided free SARS-CoV-2 testing to most school districts throughout Illinois and submitted a proposal to test Chicago Public Schools ("CPS"), CPS ultimately chose Massachusetts-based Thermo Fisher Scientific as its testing vendor. Despite this, when logistical issues related to the Omicron surge led to test result delays, 25,000 specimens rejected as invalid, and a vote by the Chicago Teachers Union ("CTU") to postpone the start of school in January of 2022, SHIELD Illinois provided CPS with SHIELD's entire stockpile of over 300,000 rapid antigen tests. This allowed CPS to achieve testing levels at which CTU felt comfortable returning to the classroom and get the 340,000 students in CPS back into the classroom.

### Incubator Lab Facility Investment

When SHIELD Illinois consolidated its labs into two University-owned and operated facilities to optimize logistics during the 2021-2022 school year. The Incubator Lab Facility on the University of Illinois Chicago (UIC) campus, the building where SHIELD Illinois's NextGen sequencing and innovation lab was located, was not originally built to meet the criteria of a CLIA-certified clinical diagnostics lab. So, the program decided to invest in upgrading the facility to bring it up to modern standards. According to Len Musielak, SHIELD Illinois Senior Director of Operations, SHIELD wanted to not only upgrade the building for its purposes but also add in ways that would provide a benefit to other tenants now and far into the future. The project included $2.2 million in upgrades and had a six-week deadline to complete the most difficult tasks and make the lab operational.

Facility upgrades included:

* Upgrading an existing 35-kilowatt generator to a brand new 200-kilowatt unit.
* Completely gutting and refinishing three laboratory spaces, which included:
    + Removal of original built-in casework and replacement with modular units that can be moved to fit changing workflows.
    + Replacement of fluorescent lighting with high-efficiency LED panels.
    + Replacement of flaking epoxy floors with brand-new laboratory-grade finish.
    + Addition of auxiliary cooling units for each space to provide the humidity and temperature control required to perform high complexity assays.
    + Installation of new dedicated circuits tied into backup power via a new generator.
* Restoration and upgrade of the existing HVAC system

The new lab was completed on August 1 and became operational on August 24.

### Air Purifier Distribution

On Friday, July 21, 2023, Illinois Governor JB Pritzker and the Illinois Department of Public Health announced they were partnering with SHIELD Illinois to distribute air purifiers to licensed Illinois Day Care outside of the city of Chicago. The purifiers were purchased with $10 million dollars of federal funds through the CDC's Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity for Prevention and Control (ELC) Reopening Schools Program. SHIELD Illinois will use the extensive logistics capabilities developed serving over 2,300 locations during the pandemic to distribute the filters across the state.

## Legacy

### Clinical Laboratory Development Program

The work of SHIELD Illinois will continue through the Clinical Laboratory Development Program powered by SHIELD Illinois ("CLDP"). Utilizing the state-of-the-art laboratory renovated by SHIELD Illinois at the University of Illinois Chicago, CLDP will address the critical shortage of qualified clinical laboratory personnel in Illinois. The goal of the program is to develop the next generation of laboratory technicians and scientists through hands-on training and work experience.

### Equipment Loan Program

Upon the conclusion of the SHIELD Illinois testing program, laboratory equipment and other hard assets were offered to public entities throughout the State of Illinois at no cost with the understanding that, should another pandemic occur, the equipment would be used however necessary to continue the mission of SHIELD Illinois to keep Illinois open.

### Research Funding

In March 2023, SHIELD Illinois hosted a COVID-19 research symposium to spotlight the vital role of research in confronting future public health emergencies. In addition to seminars and speakers, researchers had the opportunity to apply for funding from SHIELD Illinois for projects related to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.

## InfoBox

SHIELD Illinois
|
|  |
| Abbreviation | SHIELD IL |
| Founders | Tim Killeen |
| Founded at | Champaign-Urbana, Illinois |
| Type | Governmental Organization |
| Legal status | SHIELD Deployment Unit of the University of Illinois System |
| Purpose | To keep Illinois open by providing fast, accurate, and readily available SARS-CoV-2 testing throughout the state |
| Headquarters | Champaign-Urbana, Illinois |
| Services | SARS-CoV-2 testing and variant identification |
| Managing Director | Ronald Watkins, Associate Vice President for Strategic Initiatives at the University of Illinois System |
| Parent organization | University of Illinois System |
| Website | www.shieldillinois.com |


title: Bernard Harley

abstract: Bernard Harley was an Ordinary Seaman in the Union Navy during the American Civil War, where he earned the Medal of Honor. Harley was born in 1842, in Kings County, New York. While aboard the U.S. Picket Boat No. 1, on October 27, 1864, he was awarded the Medal of Honor for his extraordinary heroism in action near Plymouth, North Carolina. The Confederate ram Albemarle had resisted many previous attacks, but Harley and his picket boat, equipped with a spar torpedo, succeeded in passing the enemy pickets. They were then able to destroy the Ablemarle. The picket boat was destroyed by enemy fire, and almost the entire crew was taken prisoner or lost. This included Harley, who was taken as a prisoner of war. Harley was awarded his Medal of Honor on December 31, 1864. He was married to Anna Harley (?-1909). Harley died on January 15, 1886, in Kings County (Brooklyn), New York, and was later buried in the Holy Cross Cemetery.

text:
# Bernard Harley

**Bernard Harley** (born 1842) was an Ordinary Seaman in the Union Navy during the American Civil War, where he earned the Medal of Honor.

Harley was born in 1842, in Kings County, New York. While aboard the U.S. Picket Boat No. 1, on October 27, 1864, he was awarded the Medal of Honor for his extraordinary heroism in action near Plymouth, North Carolina. The Confederate ram Albemarle had resisted many previous attacks, but Harley and his picket boat, equipped with a spar torpedo, succeeded in passing the enemy pickets. They were then able to destroy the Ablemarle. The picket boat was destroyed by enemy fire, and almost the entire crew was taken prisoner or lost. This included Harley, who was taken as a prisoner of war.

Harley was awarded his Medal of Honor on December 31, 1864. He was married to Anna Harley (?-1909). Harley died on January 15, 1886, in Kings County (Brooklyn), New York, and was later buried in the Holy Cross Cemetery.

## InfoBox

| Bernard Harley | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1842 (1842)
Kings County, New York |
| Died | January 15, 1886 (aged 4344)
Kings County, New York |
| Buried | Holy Cross Cemetery |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/branch | United States Navy |
| Rank | Ordinary Seaman |
| Unit | USS *Chicopee* (1863)
United States Navy U.S. *Picket Boat No. 1* |
| Awards | Medal of Honor |
| Spouse(s) | Anna Harley |


abstract: Following the first round of the 2024 French legislative election on 30 June 2024, runoff elections in each constituency where no candidate received a vote share greater than 50 percent were scheduled for 7 July. Candidates permitted to stand in the runoff elections needed to either come in first or second place in the first round or achieve more than 12.5 percent of the votes of the entire electorate.

text:
# Results of the 2024 French legislative election for French Residents Overseas

Following the first round of the 2024 French legislative election on 30 June 2024, runoff elections in each constituency where no candidate received a vote share greater than 50 percent were scheduled for 7 July. Candidates permitted to stand in the runoff elections needed to either come in first or second place in the first round or achieve more than 12.5 percent of the votes of the entire electorate (as opposed to 12.5 percent of the vote share due to low turnout).

## French Residents Overseas

### 1st constituency

| Candidate | | Party or alliance | | | First round | | Second round | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | | % | Votes | % |
|  | Roland Lescure | Ensemble |  | Renaissance | 36,363 | 38.84 | 50,333 | 54.25 |
|  | Oussama Laraichi | New Popular Front |  | The Ecologists | 33,822 | 36.12 | 42,439 | 45.75 |
|  | Jennifer Adam | National Rally | | | 10,018 | 10.70 |  | |
|  | Olivier Piton | The Republicans | | | 4,856 | 5.19 |  | |
|  | Véronique Jackson | Miscellaneous centre |  | Independent | 4,643 | 4.96 |  | |
|  | Elias Forneris | Miscellaneous right |  | Independent | 1,414 | 1.51 |  | |
|  | Alexandra Pourchet | Reconquête | | | 1,357 | 1.45 |  | |
|  | Greg Lacoste | Independent | | | 1,090 | 1.16 |  | |
|  | Paloma Ladam | Miscellaneous left |  | Independent | 67 | 0.07 |  | |
| Total | | | | | 93,630 | 100.00 | 92,772 | 100.00 |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | | | | 93,630 | 98.81 | 92,772 | 94.79 |
| Invalid votes | | | | | 90 | 0.09 | 142 | 0.15 |
| Blank votes | | | | | 1,039 | 1.10 | 4,958 | 5.07 |
| Total votes | | | | | 94,759 | 100.00 | 97,872 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | | | | | 265,932 | 35.63 | 265,898 | 36.81 |
| Source: | | | | | | | | |

### 2nd constituency

| Candidate | | Party or alliance | | | First round | | Second round | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | | % | Votes | % |
|  | Sergio Coronado | New Popular Front |  | The Ecologists | 6,952 | 33.80 | 9,947 | 53.27 |
|  | Eléonore Caroit | Ensemble |  | Renaissance | 6,440 | 31.31 | 8,725 | 46.73 |
|  | Marie-Nathalie Goncalves | National Rally | | | 2,553 | 12.41 |  | |
|  | Bertrand Dupont | The Republicans | | | 1,905 | 9.26 |  | |
|  | Jessica Agostini | Miscellaneous centre |  | Independent | 987 | 4.80 |  | |
|  | Nora Courmontagne | Reconquête | | | 373 | 1.81 |  | |
|  | Camille Mercier | Independent | | | 1,357 | 6.60 |  | |
| Total | | | | | 20,567 | 100.00 | 18,672 | 100.00 |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | | | | 20,567 | 98.60 | 18,672 | 94.52 |
| Invalid votes | | | | | 59 | 0.28 | 86 | 0.44 |
| Blank votes | | | | | 233 | 1.12 | 996 | 5.04 |
| Total votes | | | | | 20,859 | 100.00 | 19,754 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | | | | | 81,793 | 25.50 | 81,786 | 24.15 |
| Source: | | | | | | | | |

### 3rd constituency

| Candidate | | Party or alliance | | | First round | | Second round | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | | % | Votes | % |
|  | Charlotte Minvielle | New Popular Front |  | The Ecologists | 26,873 | 39.22 | 37,326 | 49.46 |
|  | Vincent Caure | Ensemble |  | Renaissance | 26,810 | 39.13 | 38,134 | 50.54 |
|  | Sophie Charbonnet | National Rally | | | 4,504 | 6.57 |  | |
|  | Balthazar Roger | The Republicans | | | 3,442 | 5.02 |  | |
|  | Assamahou Lamarre | Miscellaneous centre |  | Independent | 3,365 | 4.91 |  | |
|  | Joel Heslaut | Miscellaneous centre |  | Independent | 1,251 | 1.83 |  | |
|  | Anthony Coutret | Reconquête | | | 752 | 1.10 |  | |
|  | Tanguy Pinomaa-Danzé | Miscellaneous left |  | Independent | 701 | 1.02 |  | |
|  | Emmanuel Constantin | Ecologists |  | Independent | 355 | 0.52 |  | |
|  | Tim Craye | Miscellaneous right |  | Independent | 236 | 0.34 |  | |
|  | Yvan Bachaud | Independent | | | 226 | 0.33 |  | |
| Total | | | | | 68,515 | 100.00 | 75,460 | 100.00 |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | | | | 68,515 | 98.65 | 75,460 | 96.45 |
| Invalid votes | | | | | 112 | 0.16 | 71 | 0.09 |
| Blank votes | | | | | 829 | 1.19 | 2,707 | 3.46 |
| Total votes | | | | | 69,456 | 100.00 | 78,238 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | | | | | 160,634 | 43.24 | 160,627 | 48.71 |
| Source: | | | | | | | | |

### 4th constituency

| Candidate | | Party or alliance | | | First round | | Second round | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | | % | Votes | % |
|  | Cécilia Gondard | New Popular Front |  | Socialist Party | 27,898 | 37.45 | 36,127 | 49.76 |
|  | Pieyre-Alexandre Anglade | Ensemble |  | Renaissance | 26,410 | 35.46 | 36,476 | 50.24 |
|  | Charlotte Beaufils | National Rally | | | 6,736 | 9.04 |  | |
|  | Geneviève Machicote | The Republicans | | | 4,604 | 6.18 |  | |
|  | Juliette de Causans | Miscellaneous centre |  | Ecologists | 4,318 | 5.80 |  | |
|  | Sacha Courtial | Miscellaneous left |  | Ecologists | 1,563 | 2.10 |  | |
|  | Patrick Brisset | Miscellaneous centre |  | Independent | 1,492 | 2.00 |  | |
|  | Anne-Catherine Girard | Reconquête | | | 1,001 | 1.34 |  | |
|  | Aude Rossolini | Independent | | | 463 | 0.62 |  | |
| Total | | | | | 74,485 | 100.00 | 72,603 | 100.00 |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | | | | 74,485 | 98.92 | 72,603 | 95.07 |
| Invalid votes | | | | | 99 | 0.13 | 153 | 0.20 |
| Blank votes | | | | | 713 | 0.95 | 3,609 | 4.73 |
| Total votes | | | | | 75,297 | 100.00 | 76,365 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | | | | | 158,039 | 47.64 | 158,035 | 48.32 |
| Source: | | | | | | | | |

### 5th constituency

| Candidate | | Party or alliance | | | First round | | Second round | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | | % | Votes | % |
|  | Stéphane Vojetta | Ensemble |  | Miscellaneous centre | 14,492 | 33.68 | 25,894 | 61.47 |
|  | Maxime Da Silva | New Popular Front |  | La France Insoumise | 11,267 | 26.18 | 16,230 | 38.53 |
|  | Johana Maurel | National Rally | | | 8,385 | 19.49 |  | |
|  | José Sanchez Perez | Miscellaneous centre | | | 2,226 | 5.17 |  | |
|  | Jeremie Fosse | Miscellaneous left |  | Independent | 2,161 | 5.02 |  | |
|  | Yohann Castro | Miscellaneous right |  | Independent | 2,069 | 4.81 |  | |
|  | Béatrice Mazel | Reconquête | | | 794 | 1.85 |  | |
|  | Sarah Millot | Miscellaneous left |  | Independent | 587 | 1.36 |  | |
|  | Alexandre Marie | Miscellaneous left |  | Independent | 353 | 0.82 |  | |
|  | Jean-François Calvet | Sovereigntist right |  | Independent | 308 | 0.72 |  | |
|  | Maud Lagarde | Independent | | | 187 | 0.43 |  | |
|  | Christopher Brenier | Independent | | | 132 | 0.31 |  | |
|  | David Nataf | Independent | | | 70 | 0.16 |  | |
| Total | | | | | 43,031 | 100.00 | 42,124 | 100.00 |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | | | | 43,031 | 98.49 | 42,124 | 93.19 |
| Invalid votes | | | | | 70 | 0.16 | 123 | 0.27 |
| Blank votes | | | | | 591 | 1.35 | 2,957 | 6.54 |
| Total votes | | | | | 43,692 | 100.00 | 45,204 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | | | | | 115,502 | 37.83 | 115,497 | 39.14 |
| Source: | | | | | | | | |

### 6th constituency

| Candidate | | Party or alliance | | | First round | | Second round | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | | % | Votes | % |
|  | Marc Ferracci | Ensemble |  | Renaissance | 25,590 | 40.54 | 34,771 | 59.48 |
|  | Halima Delimi | New Popular Front |  | Socialist Party | 19,446 | 30.81 | 23,687 | 40.52 |
|  | Déborah Merceron | National Rally | | | 9,158 | 14.51 |  | |
|  | Olivier Corticchiato | The Republicans | | | 4,172 | 6.61 |  | |
|  | Jacques de Causans | Miscellaneous centre |  | Independent | 1,888 | 2.99 |  | |
|  | Philippe Tissot | Reconquête | | | 949 | 1.50 |  | |
|  | Marie-Julie Jacquemot | Miscellaneous left |  | Independent | 651 | 1.03 |  | |
|  | Arnaud Dorthe | Independent | | | 627 | 0.99 |  | |
|  | Céline Von Auw | Ecologists |  | Independent | 419 | 0.66 |  | |
|  | Alexandre Marie | Radical Party of the Left | | | 222 | 0.35 |  | |
| Total | | | | | 63,122 | 100.00 | 58,458 | 100.00 |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | | | | 63,122 | 98.94 | 58,458 | 92.36 |
| Invalid votes | | | | | 88 | 0.14 | 99 | 0.16 |
| Blank votes | | | | | 588 | 0.92 | 4,740 | 7.49 |
| Total votes | | | | | 63,798 | 100.00 | 63,297 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | | | | | 159,746 | 39.94 | 159,733 | 39.63 |
| Source: | | | | | | | | |

### 7th constituency

| Candidate | | Party or alliance | | | First round | | Second round | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | | % | Votes | % |
|  | Frédéric Petit | Ensemble |  | Democratic Movement | 21,929 | 37.78 | 34,516 | 58.21 |
|  | Asma Rharmaoui-Claquin | New Popular Front |  | La France Insoumise | 18,914 | 32.58 | 24,784 | 41.79 |
|  | Mathilde Naveys-Dumas | National Rally | | | 4,520 | 7.79 |  | |
|  | Isabelle Huquet | Miscellaneous centre |  | Independent | 3,861 | 6.65 |  | |
|  | Cécile Richard | Miscellaneous left |  | Independent | 3,211 | 5.53 |  | |
|  | Dominique Mier-Garrigou | The Republicans | | | 2,702 | 4.65 |  | |
|  | Jérôme Chambon | Independent | | | 1,948 | 3.36 |  | |
|  | Julie Alexandre | Reconquête | | | 720 | 1.24 |  | |
|  | Fanny Geffray | Independent | | | 245 | 0.42 |  | |
| Total | | | | | 58,050 | 100.00 | 59,300 | 100.00 |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | | | | 58,050 | 99.13 | 59,300 | 95.82 |
| Invalid votes | | | | | 81 | 0.14 | 119 | 0.19 |
| Blank votes | | | | | 428 | 0.73 | 2,466 | 3.98 |
| Total votes | | | | | 58,559 | 100.00 | 61,885 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | | | | | 130,824 | 44.76 | 130,815 | 47.31 |
| Source: | | | | | | | | |

### 8th constituency

| Candidate | | Party or alliance | | | First round | | Second round | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | | % | Votes | % |
|  | Meyer Habib | The Republicans | | | 11,557 | 35.58 | 16,428 | 47.30 |
|  | Caroline Yadan | Ensemble |  | Renaissance | 7,855 | 24.18 | 18,302 | 52.70 |
|  | Yaël Lerer | New Popular Front |  | La France Insoumise | 7,516 | 23.14 |  | |
|  | Guillaume Bensoussan | Reconquête | | | 2,044 | 6.29 |  | |
|  | Aurelie Assouline | The Republicans | | | 1,329 | 4.09 |  | |
|  | Gilles Neffati | Miscellaneous centre |  | Independent | 1,025 | 3.16 |  | |
|  | Valérie Chartrain | Miscellaneous left |  | Independent | 457 | 1.41 |  | |
|  | Nicolas Spitalas | Independent | | | 299 | 0.92 |  | |
|  | Philippe Hababou Solomon | Miscellaneous right |  | Independent | 197 | 0.61 |  | |
|  | David Bizet | Independent | | | 188 | 0.58 |  | |
|  | Benjamin Sigoura | Independent | | | 15 | 0.05 |  | |
| Total | | | | | 32,482 | 100.00 | 34,730 | 100.00 |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | | | | 32,482 | 98.22 | 34,730 | 95.88 |
| Invalid votes | | | | | 85 | 0.26 | 61 | 0.17 |
| Blank votes | | | | | 503 | 1.52 | 1,431 | 3.95 |
| Total votes | | | | | 33,070 | 100.00 | 36,222 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | | | | | 148,957 | 22.20 | 148,948 | 24.32 |
| Source: | | | | | | | | |

### 9th constituency

| Candidate | | Party or alliance | | | First round | | Second round | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | | % | Votes | % |
|  | Karim Ben Cheïkh | New Popular Front |  | Génération.s | 18,505 | 51.57 | 26,271 | 74.71 |
|  | Samira Djouadi | Ensemble |  | Renaissance | 5,634 | 15.70 | 8,893 | 25.29 |
|  | Elodie Charron | National Rally | | | 3,817 | 10.64 |  | |
|  | Ismaël Boudjekada | Miscellaneous left |  | Independent | 1,421 | 3.96 |  | |
|  | Jihad Badreddine | The Republicans | | | 1,242 | 3.46 |  | |
|  | Erwan Borhan Davoux | Miscellaneous right |  | Independent | 1,222 | 3.41 |  | |
|  | Seddik Khalfi | Miscellaneous left |  | Independent | 1,171 | 3.26 |  | |
|  | Rachid Tahiri | Miscellaneous centre |  | Independent | 1,102 | 3.07 |  | |
|  | Régina Ducellier | Miscellaneous centre |  | Independent | 693 | 1.93 |  | |
|  | Pierre Drevon | Reconquête | | | 311 | 0.87 |  | |
|  | Hassan Oudrhiri | Independent | | | 236 | 0.66 |  | |
|  | Sébastien Périmony | Independent | | | 172 | 0.48 |  | |
|  | Kourtoum Sackho | Miscellaneous right |  | Miscellaneous centre | 117 | 0.33 |  | |
|  | Gabriel Marie Sidibé | Independent | | | 84 | 0.23 |  | |
|  | Rania Tessa Maachou | Independent | | | 61 | 0.17 |  | |
|  | Hachim Fadili | Sovereigntist right |  | Debout la France | 53 | 0.15 |  | |
|  | Edouard Tinaugus | Miscellaneous left |  | Independent | 20 | 0.06 |  | |
|  | Khadija David | Miscellaneous left |  | Independent | 11 | 0.03 |  | |
|  | Abdoulai Dianifaba | Independent | | | 8 | 0.02 |  | |
| Total | | | | | 35,880 | 100.00 | 35,164 | 100.00 |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | | | | 35,880 | 98.02 | 35,164 | 94.47 |
| Invalid votes | | | | | 131 | 0.36 | 168 | 0.45 |
| Blank votes | | | | | 592 | 1.62 | 1,890 | 5.08 |
| Total votes | | | | | 36,603 | 100.00 | 37,222 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | | | | | 130,387 | 28.07 | 130,380 | 28.55 |
| Source: | | | | | | | | |

### 10th constituency

| Candidate | | Party or alliance | | | First round | | Second round | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | | % | Votes | % |
|  | Elsa Di Meo | New Popular Front |  | Socialist Party | 11,651 | 32.52 | 14,986 | 46.77 |
|  | Amélia Lakrafi | Ensemble |  | Renaissance | 11,398 | 31.82 | 17,055 | 53.23 |
|  | Jean de Veron | Union of the far right |  | The Republicans | 6,147 | 17.16 |  | |
|  | Lucas Lamah | The Republicans | | | 3,488 | 9.74 |  | |
|  | Marie Josée Mabasi | Miscellaneous centre |  | Independent | 948 | 2.65 |  | |
|  | Philippe Castellan | Reconquête | | | 842 | 2.35 |  | |
|  | Ali Camille Hojeij | Miscellaneous centre |  | Independent | 709 | 1.98 |  | |
|  | Odile Mojon-Cheminade | Independent | | | 450 | 1.26 |  | |
|  | Sandra Larose | Independent | | | 94 | 0.26 |  | |
|  | Julie Lagui | Independent | | | 70 | 0.20 |  | |
|  | Hugues Michel Marie-Louise | Independent | | | 20 | 0.06 |  | |
|  | Nathalie Mazot | Miscellaneous left |  | Independent | 7 | 0.02 |  | |
| Total | | | | | 35,824 | 100.00 | 32,041 | 100.00 |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | | | | 35,824 | 98.14 | 32,041 | 92.69 |
| Invalid votes | | | | | 115 | 0.32 | 200 | 0.58 |
| Blank votes | | | | | 563 | 1.54 | 2,328 | 6.73 |
| Total votes | | | | | 36,502 | 100.00 | 34,569 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | | | | | 113,855 | 32.06 | 113,835 | 30.37 |
| Source: | | | | | | | | |

### 11th constituency

| Candidate | | Party or alliance | | | First round | | Second round | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | | % | Votes | % |
|  | Anne Genetet | Ensemble |  | Renaissance | 16,770 | 39.94 | 21,468 | 57.04 |
|  | Franck Pajot | New Popular Front |  | Socialist Party | 12,502 | 29.78 | 16,172 | 42.96 |
|  | Pierre Brochet | National Rally | | | 6,424 | 15.30 |  | |
|  | Marc Guyon | Far-right |  | Independent | 1,495 | 3.56 |  | |
|  | François Asselineau | Sovereigntist right |  | Independent | 1,376 | 3.28 |  | |
|  | Tatiana Boteva-Malo | Ecologists |  | Independent | 949 | 2.26 |  | |
|  | Anne-France Larquemin | Reconquête | | | 719 | 1.71 |  | |
|  | Jordan Cruciani | Ecologists |  | Independent | 574 | 1.37 |  | |
|  | Françoise Arthur | Regionalists |  | Independent | 507 | 1.21 |  | |
|  | Elise Phonrath | Sovereigntist right |  | Independent | 244 | 0.58 |  | |
|  | Jacques Cheminade | Independent | | | 224 | 0.53 |  | |
|  | Nelly Violette | Independent | | | 148 | 0.35 |  | |
|  | Victor Maurel | Independent | | | 30 | 0.07 |  | |
|  | Nathalie Martin | Miscellaneous left |  | Independent | 14 | 0.03 |  | |
|  | Olivier Machet | Independent | | | 10 | 0.02 |  | |
| Total | | | | | 41,986 | 100.00 | 37,640 | 100.00 |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | | | | 41,986 | 98.34 | 37,640 | 91.34 |
| Invalid votes | | | | | 91 | 0.21 | 233 | 0.57 |
| Blank votes | | | | | 618 | 1.45 | 3,334 | 8.09 |
| Total votes | | | | | 42,695 | 100.00 | 41,207 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | | | | | 104,619 | 40.81 | 104,601 | 39.39 |
| Source: | | | | | | | | |

1. "2ème circonscription (ZZ02) - Elections Législatives 2024 - Publication des résultats des élections en France".
2. "2ème circonscription (ZZ02) - Elections Législatives 2024 - Publication des résultats des élections en France".
3. "3ème circonscription (ZZ03) - Elections Législatives 2024 - Publication des résultats des élections en France".
4. "4ème circonscription (ZZ04) - Elections Législatives 2024 - Publication des résultats des élections en France".
5. "5ème circonscription (ZZ05) - Elections Législatives 2024 - Publication des résultats des élections en France".
6. "6ème circonscription (ZZ06) - Elections Législatives 2024 - Publication des résultats des élections en France".
7. "7ème circonscription (ZZ07) - Elections Législatives 2024 - Publication des résultats des élections en France".
8. "8ème circonscription (ZZ08) - Elections Législatives 2024 - Publication des résultats des élections en France".
9. "9ème circonscription (ZZ09) - Elections Législatives 2024 - Publication des résultats des élections en France".
10. "10ème circonscription (ZZ10) - Elections Législatives 2024 - Publication des résultats des élections en France".
11. "11ème circonscription (ZZ11) - Elections Législatives 2024 - Publication des résultats des élections en France".


abstract: Champlain was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada, in Canada East. It was on the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River, with the town of Champlain being the main centre of the district. The electoral district was established in 1841, when the Province of Canada was created by the merger of Lower Canada and Upper Canada by the Union Act, 1840. It was based on the previous electoral district of the same name for the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada. Champlain was represented by one Member in the Legislative Assembly. The electoral district was abolished in 1867 upon the creation of Canada and the province of Quebec.

text:
# Champlain (Province of Canada electoral district)

**Champlain** was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada, in Canada East. It was on the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River, with the town of Champlain being the main centre of the district.

The electoral district was established in 1841, when the Province of Canada was created by the merger of Lower Canada and Upper Canada by the Union Act, 1840. It was based on the previous electoral district of the same name for the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada.

Champlain was represented by one Member in the Legislative Assembly. The electoral district was abolished in 1867 upon the creation of Canada and the province of Quebec.

## Boundaries

The electoral district of Champlain was located on the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River, centred on the town of Champlain (in the current Mauricie area), and close to Trois-Rivières.

The *Union Act, 1840* merged the two provinces of Lower Canada and Upper Canada into the Province of Canada, with a single Parliament. The separate parliaments of Lower Canada and Upper Canada were abolished.

The *Union Act* provided that the pre-existing electoral boundaries of Lower Canada and Upper Canada would continue to be used in the new Parliament, unless altered by the *Union Act* itself. The Champlain electoral district of Lower Canada was not altered by the Act, and therefore continued with the same boundaries which had been set by a statute of Lower Canada in 1829:

The County of Champlain shall be bounded on the north east by the County of Portneuf, on the south west by the River Saint Maurice, on the south east by the River Saint Lawrence, and on the north west by the northern boundary of the Province; which County so bounded comprises the Seigniories of Saint Anne and its augmentation, Sainte Marie, Batiscan, Champlain, Cap de la Magdeleine, and all the islands in the River Saint Lawrence nearest to and in front of the said county.

Elections were held at the "Ferry nearest the River Saint Lawrence on the north east of the River Batiscan."

## Members of the Legislative Assembly (1841–1867)

Champlain was a single-member constituency.

The following were the members of the Legislative Assembly from Champlain. Party affiliations are based on the biographies of individual members given by the National Assembly of Quebec, as well as votes in the Legislative Assembly. "Party" was a fluid concept, especially during the early years of the Province of Canada.

| Parliament | Members | | Years in Office | Party | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1st Parliament
1841–1844 | René-Joseph Kimber | | 1841–1843 | Anti-unionist; French-Canadian Group |  |  |
| | Henry Judah | | 1843–1844
(*by-election*) | French-Canadian Group | |  |
| 2nd Parliament
1844–1847 | Louis Guillet | | 1844–1851 | French-Canadian Group | |  |
| 3rd Parliament
1848–1851 | |  | | |
| 4th Parliament
1851–1854 | Thomas Marchildon | | 1851–1857 | Liberal | |  |
| 5th Parliament
1854–1857 | | *Rouge* | | |  |
| 6th Parliament
1858–1861 | Joseph-Édouard Turcotte |  | 1858–1861 | *Bleu* | |  |
| 7th Parliament
1861–1863 | John Jones Ross |  | 1861–1867 | *Bleu* | |  |
| 8th Parliament
1863–1867 | | | | Confederation; *Bleu* |  |  |
|

### Notes

## Abolition

The district was abolished on July 1, 1867, when the *British North America Act, 1867* came into force, splitting the Province of Canada into Quebec and Ontario. It was succeeded by electoral districts of the same name in the House of Commons of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.

1. *Union Act, 1840*, 3 & 4 Vict., c. 35, s. 2.
2. *Union Act, 1840*, ss. 16, 18.
3. *An Act to make a new and more convenient subdivision of the Province into Counties, for the purpose of effecting a more equal Representation thereof in the Assembly than heretofore*, SLC 1829, c. 73, s. 1, para. 35. (There is a typographical error in the English version of para. 35, with the Saint Lawerence River being listed twice as a boundary. The French version makes it clear that the Saint Lawrence is the south-east boundary, while the Saint Maurice River is the south-west boundary.)
4. *An Act to make a new and more convenient subdivision of the Province into Counties, for the purpose of effecting a more equal Representation thereof in the Assembly than heretofore*, SLC 1829, c. 73, s. 3.
5. *Union Act, 1840*, s. 18.
6. J.O. Côté, *Political Appointments and Elections in the Province of Canada, 1841 to 1860* (Quebec: St. Michel and Darveau, 1860), pp. 43–58.
7. Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present.
8. Paul G. Cornell, *Alignment of Political Groups in Canada, 1841–67* (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1962; reprinted in paperback 2015), pp. 93–111.
9. *British North America Act, 1867* (now the *Constitution Act, 1867*), s. 6.
10. *Constitution Act, 1867*, s. 40, para. 2.
11. *Constitution Act, 1867*, s. 80.

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: *Statutes of Lower Canada, 13th Provincial Parliament, 2nd Session (1829), c. 74*

46°46′44″N 73°01′34″W / 46.779°N 73.026°W / 46.779; -73.026

## InfoBox

Champlain
| Province of Canada electoral district | |
| --- | --- |
| Defunct pre-Confederation electoral district | |
| Legislature | Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada |
| District created | 1841 |
| District abolished | 1867 |
| First contested | 1841 |
| Last contested | 1863 |


title: Charles Gunn House

abstract: The Charles Gunn House is a historic residence in Gadsden, Alabama. The house was built in 1886 by Edward Tracy Hollingsworth, a local merchant and banker. Charles Logan Gunn, a dentist, purchased the house in 1901. His daughter, Carolyn Gunn Bellenger inherited the house, and willed it to the city upon her death in 1990. The city restored the house and now rents it for meetings and events. The highly decorated Victorian house has a mansard roof with projecting gable atop a bay window on the north and east sides. The façade also features a wraparound porch with latticework balustrade. The house was listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in 1984 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

text:
# Charles Gunn House

The **Charles Gunn House** (also known as the **Bellenger Home**) is a historic residence in Gadsden, Alabama. The house was built in 1886 by Edward Tracy Hollingsworth, a local merchant and banker. Charles Logan Gunn, a dentist, purchased the house in 1901. His daughter, Carolyn Gunn Bellenger inherited the house, and willed it to the city upon her death in 1990. The city restored the house and now rents it for meetings and events.

The highly decorated Victorian house has a mansard roof with projecting gable atop a bay window on the north and east sides. The façade also features a wraparound porch with latticework balustrade. The house was listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in 1984 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Charles Gunn House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage | |
|  | |
| The house in October 2014 | |
|  | |
| Location | 872 Chestnut St., Gadsden, Alabama |
| Coordinates | 34°0′50″N 86°0′54″W / 34.01389°N 86.01500°W / 34.01389; -86.01500 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1886 (1886) |
| Architectural style | Late Victorian |
| NRHP reference No. | 93000052 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | February 19, 1993 |
| Designated ARLH | April 11, 1984 |


title: The Stone Gods (novel)

abstract: The Stone Gods is a novel written by Jeanette Winterson. Published in the year 2007, the novel is a post-apocalyptic, postmodern, dystopian love story, with themes of corporate government control, the harshness of war, artificial intelligence, and technology. The novel is self-referential as characters make inter-textual references, while certain characters’ story arcs repeat. The novel aims to warn against history's tendency to repeat itself, as well as humanity's inability to learn from past mistakes.

text:
# The Stone Gods (novel)

***The Stone Gods*** is a novel written by Jeanette Winterson. Published in the year 2007, the novel is a post-apocalyptic, postmodern, dystopian love story, with themes of corporate government control, the harshness of war, artificial intelligence, and technology. The novel is self-referential as characters make inter-textual references, while certain characters’ story arcs repeat. The novel aims to warn against history's tendency to repeat itself, as well as humanity's inability to learn from past mistakes.

## A novel in four parts

* "Planet Blue" – Set in a futuristic past where humanity's destruction of its homeworld, Orbus, seems to be inevitable, they discover and terraform another viable planet.
* "Easter Island" – Set in the 18th century, when Easter Island's inhabitants destroyed many of the moai statues, and the last tree, on their island.
* "Post-3War" – Set in "Tech City" after World War III, with Billie educating Spike, a Robo *sapiens*.
* "Wreck City" – Once again set in the "Tech City", now a derelict, trash-ridden city where those abandoned by the corporate-controlled society struggle to survive.

## Reception

Ursula Le Guin, while criticizing exposition and sentimentality, thought the novel a worthwhile and cautionary tale. Andrew Milner, a literary critic and author of *Science Fiction and Climate Change*, notes that this book is an early example of 'doomer' climate fiction.

## InfoBox

The Stone Gods
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Jeanette Winterson |
| Publisher | Hamish Hamilton |
| Publication date | 2007 |
| Pages | 224 |
| ISBN | 0-241-14395-0 |


title: Carl Rosenblad (racing driver)

abstract: Carl Gustav Julius "Calle" Rosenblad is a Swedish auto racing driver. He is married with two children.

text:
# Carl Rosenblad (racing driver)

**Carl Gustav Julius "Calle" Rosenblad** (born 28 April 1969, in Västervik) is a Swedish auto racing driver. He is married with two children.

## Racing career

His first racing was in Swedish Formula Opel in 1990, where he drove for four seasons. He also drove in the Swedish Porsche Challenge and the European Interseries from 1991. In 1996 he got a drive in the International Formula 3000, with the British Alpha Plus Team. The season was not a successful one, ending with no championship points. In 1997 he switched to the FIA GT Championship, with a GT1 Class Porsche 911 for the Kremer Racing Team, again with little success.

He moved to touring cars in 1998, driving a Nissan Primera in the Swedish Touring Car Championship. In 1998 he also raced the Rolex 24h at Daytona for Larbre Compétition, ending in a strong 3rd place (total).

In 2002, he returned for another season in the FIA GT Championship in a Chrysler Viper GTS-R for Larbre Compétition.

He has competed regularly in the STCC since (some race wins), as well as selected rounds in both European Touring Car Championship and World Touring Car Championship during the years 2001 - 2007. In 2005 he first competed in the FIA World Touring Car Championship for Crawford Racing in an independent BMW 320i. He competed in four rounds of the WTCC in 2007 for Elgh Motorsport. Also in 2007 he competed in the 24 Hours of Le Mans, in a GT2 Ferrari F430 for G.P.C. Sport.

In 2009 he only participated in one race, the Spa 24 Hours driving a Maserati MC12 GT1 for Vitaphone Racing finishing in second place.

## Racing record

### Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results

| Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class
Pos. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1996 | Ennea SRL Igol | Luciano della Noce
Anders Olofsson | Ferrari F40 GTE | GT1 | 98 | DNF | DNF |
| 1997 | Kremer Racing | Tomás Saldaña
Jürgen Lässig | Kremer K8 Spyder | LMP | 103 | DNF | DNF |
| 1998 | Chereau Sports
Larbre Compétition | Jean-Pierre Jarier
Robin Donovan | Porsche 911 GT2 | GT2 | 164 | DNF | DNF |
| 1999 | Riley & Scott Europe
Solution F | Marco Apicella
Shane Lewis | Riley & Scott Mk III/2-Ford | LMP | 67 | DNF | DNF |
| 2001 | Paul Belmondo Racing | Vincent Vosse
Vanina Ickx | Chrysler Viper GTS-R | GTS | 61 | DNF | DNF |
| 2002 | Larbre Compétition | Jean-Luc Chéreau
Jean-Claude Lagniez | Chrysler Viper GTS-R | GTS | 278 | 25th | 6th |
| 2003 | Courage Compétition | David Hallyday
Philippe Alliot | Courage C65-JPX | LMP675 | 41 | DNF | DNF |
| 2007 | GPC Sport | Matthew Marsh
Jesús Diez Villaroel | Ferrari F430 GT2 | GT2 | 252 | DNF | DNF |

### Complete World Touring Car Championship results

(key) (Races in **bold** indicate pole position) (Races in *italics* indicate fastest lap)

| Year | Team | Car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | DC | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2005 | Crawford Racing | BMW 320i | ITA
1
DNS | ITA
2
DNS | FRA
1
14 | FRA
2
15 | GBR
1
21 | GBR
2
12 | SMR
1
16 | SMR
2
Ret | MEX
1
16 | MEX
2
15 | BEL
1
22 | BEL
2
12 | GER
1
22 | GER
2
17 | TUR
1
11 | TUR
2
18 | ESP
1
Ret | ESP
2
16 | MAC
1
12 | MAC
2
Ret |  |  | NC | 0 |
| 2007 | Elgh Motorsport | BMW 320si | BRA
1 | BRA
2 | NED
1 | NED
2 | ESP
1 | ESP
2 | FRA
1 | FRA
2 | CZE
1 | CZE
2 | POR
1 | POR
2 | SWE
1
25 | SWE
2
17 | GER
1 | GER
2 | GBR
1 | GBR
2 | ITA
1
20 | ITA
2
17 | MAC
1 | MAC
2 | NC | 0 |


title: Sonya Kitchell

abstract: Sonya Kitchell is an American singer-songwriter. Kitchell formed her first band and began writing music in 2001. In 2004, she signed with Velour Records and was named the second Starbucks Hear Music Artist, releasing her first international-selling record, Words Came Back to Me on Velour Records. She has toured globally to Japan, Europe and across the U.S. many times in support of the album. Kitchell has appeared on numerous late-night TV shows, including the Late Show with David Letterman, The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson, CNN, CBS and garnered rave reviews from the LA Times, Boston Globe, NY Times and NPR. She has appeared in venues such as Carnegie Hall and The Hollywood Bowl, amongst numerous notable stages around the world. In 2007 she joined forces with Herbie Hancock, singing on his Grammy-winning Joni Mitchell tribute titled River: The Joni Letters. Hancock invited Kitchell to join him on tour, to sing in his band, in support of the record for the following year. That gave her the chance to work alongside such notables as Wayne Shorter, Joni Mitchell, Milton Nascimento, Chaka Khan, Quincy Jones, and many more. Shortly after her year spent touring with Hancock, Kitchell released her second album This Storm in 2008 on Decca Records, produced by Malcolm Burn, in collaboration with renowned rock band, The Slip, to much critical acclaim. In 2009, Kitchell joined forces with long-time friend and collaborator Garth Stevenson, and together they created a collection of string-quartet based music. The album Convict of Conviction was released in 2010, produced by Stewart Lerman. Over the next year Kitchell explored a more dramatic, cinematic side to her music performing as Sonya Kitchell & The Brooklyn Strings. Her songs have appeared on numerous TV shows and films including Perfect Stranger, Private Practice and The Unit. She lives in Brooklyn, NY and released her latest self-produced album We Come Apart in partnership with Thirty Tigers and the Rockwood Music Hall in January 2016. Kitchell joined forces with Neal Evans to create a musical duo called +Co. They released one album, Strange Symphony on September 13, 2020.

text:
# Sonya Kitchell

**Sonya Kitchell** (born March 1, 1989, in Ashfield, MA) is an American singer-songwriter. Kitchell formed her first band and began writing music in 2001. In 2004, she signed with Velour Records and was named the second Starbucks Hear Music Artist, releasing her first international-selling record, *Words Came Back to Me* on Velour Records. She has toured globally to Japan, Europe and across the U.S. many times in support of the album.

Kitchell has appeared on numerous late-night TV shows, including the *Late Show with David Letterman*, *The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson*, CNN, CBS and garnered rave reviews from the *LA Times*, *Boston Globe*, *NY Times* and NPR. She has appeared in venues such as Carnegie Hall and The Hollywood Bowl, amongst numerous notable stages around the world. In 2007 she joined forces with Herbie Hancock, singing on his Grammy-winning Joni Mitchell tribute titled *River: The Joni Letters*. Hancock invited Kitchell to join him on tour, to sing in his band, in support of the record for the following year. That gave her the chance to work alongside such notables as Wayne Shorter, Joni Mitchell, Milton Nascimento, Chaka Khan, Quincy Jones, and many more.

Shortly after her year spent touring with Hancock, Kitchell released her second album *This Storm* in 2008 on Decca Records, produced by Malcolm Burn, in collaboration with renowned rock band, The Slip, to much critical acclaim.

In 2009, Kitchell joined forces with long-time friend and collaborator Garth Stevenson, and together they created a collection of string-quartet based music. The album *Convict of Conviction* was released in 2010, produced by Stewart Lerman. Over the next year Kitchell explored a more dramatic, cinematic side to her music performing as Sonya Kitchell & The Brooklyn Strings.

Her songs have appeared on numerous TV shows and films including *Perfect Stranger*, *Private Practice* and *The Unit*.

She lives in Brooklyn, NY and released her latest self-produced album *We Come Apart* in partnership with Thirty Tigers and the Rockwood Music Hall in January 2016.

Kitchell joined forces with Neal Evans to create a musical duo called +Co. They released one album, *Strange Symphony* on September 13, 2020.

## Personal life

Kitchell was born in Massachusetts and grew up in Ashfield, Massachusetts.

She is the daughter of photographer/artist Peter Kitchell and illustrator Gayle Kabaker and has a younger brother, Max Kitchell.

## Discography

## InfoBox

| Sonya Kitchell | |
| --- | --- |
| Kitchell performing in 2016. | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Sonya Kitchell |
| Born | (1989-03-01) March 1, 1989<br>Northampton, Massachusetts |
| Genres | Indie folk |
| Occupation | Musician |
| Years active | 2005–present |
| Labels | Unsigned |
|  | |
| Website | http://www.sonyakitchell.com |


title: Shield (surname)

abstract:
Shield is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:
  - George Shield (1876–1935), British Labour Party politician
  - Hugh Shield (1831–1903), English academic, barrister and Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1880 to 1885
  - Ian Shield (1914–2005), English cricketer
  - Jeff Shield (1953–2009), Australian professional rugby league player
  - Joe Shield, former quarterback in the National Football League
  - Leroy Shield (1893–1962), American film score and radio composer
  - Little Shield, chieftain of the Northern Cheyenne from 1865 to 1879
  - Mark Shield, former Australian Football referee
  - Pretty Shield (1856–1944), medicine woman of the Crow Nation
  - William Shield (1748–1829), English composer, violinist and violist

text:
# Shield (surname)

**Shield** is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

* George Shield (1876–1935), British Labour Party politician
* Hugh Shield (1831–1903), English academic, barrister and Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1880 to 1885
* Ian Shield (1914–2005), English cricketer
* Jeff Shield (1953–2009), Australian professional rugby league player
* Joe Shield, former quarterback in the National Football League
* Leroy Shield (1893–1962), American film score and radio composer
* Little Shield (died 1879), chieftain of the Northern Cheyenne from 1865 to 1879
* Mark Shield (born 1973), former Australian Football referee
* Pretty Shield (1856–1944), medicine woman of the Crow Nation
* William Shield (1748–1829), English composer, violinist and violist