title: Pionersky Radar Station

abstract: Pionersky Radar Station is an early-warning radar station near Pionersky in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. It is a key part of the Russian early warning system against ballistic missile attacks and is run by the Russian Space Forces. The station is located on the former Dunayevka air base 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south west of the village of Pionersky and 27 kilometres (17 mi) north west of Kaliningrad. The radar is modular and can be put into testing mode before being fully completed. It was announced in November 2011 that the radar was operational but without a fully completed array. Previously Oleg Ostapenko, commander of the Russian Space Forces was quoted as saying in January 2011 that it had started working whilst being built and Vladimir Popovkin, then First Deputy Minister of Defence, was quoted as saying in February 2011 that it will not be complete until 2016. It is fully operational in 2014. The radar is estimated to cost 4.43 billion rubles.

text:
# Pionersky Radar Station

**Pionersky Radar Station** (Russian: Пионерский РЛС-Pionersky RLS) is an early-warning radar station near Pionersky in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. It is a key part of the Russian early warning system against ballistic missile attacks and is run by the Russian Space Forces.

The station is located on the former Dunayevka air base 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south west of the village of Pionersky and 27 kilometres (17 mi) north west of Kaliningrad.

The radar is modular and can be put into testing mode before being fully completed. It was announced in November 2011 that the radar was operational but without a fully completed array. Previously Oleg Ostapenko, commander of the Russian Space Forces was quoted as saying in January 2011 that it had started working whilst being built and Vladimir Popovkin, then First Deputy Minister of Defence, was quoted as saying in February 2011 that it will not be complete until 2016. It is fully operational in 2014.

The radar is estimated to cost 4.43 billion rubles.

## Voronezh radar

Voronezh radar are highly prefabricated radars needing fewer personnel and using less energy than previous generations. The one being built in Pionersky is a Voronezh-DM, a UHF radar with a 6,000 km stated range.

1. Podvig, Pavel (2011-11-29). "Voronezh-DM radar near Kaliningrad is operational". *Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces*. Archived from the original on 2012-03-08. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
2. Podvig, Pavel (2011-01-27). "Early-warning radar in Kaliningrad region?". *Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces*. Archived from the original on 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
3. Podvig, Pavel (2011-02-22). "Early-warning radar in Kaliningrad - not until 2016". *Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces*. Archived from the original on 2012-05-09. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
4. Под Калининградом появится РЛС Системы предупреждения о ракетном нападении (in Russian). Калининградское независимое информационное агентство. 2011-02-21. Archived from the original on 2012-04-20. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
5. "Интерфакс-Агентство Военных Новостей". Archived from the original on 2016-09-18. Retrieved 2014-12-27.
6. В ответ на размещение американской ПРО в Чехии и Польше Россия построит РЛС в Калининградской области (in Russian). Независимая газета. 2008-10-20. Archived from the original on 2011-01-30. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
7. Модернизация радаров СПРН в Северо-Западном округе начнется в 2015 году \[Upgrading early warning radars in the Northwest District will begin in 2015\] (in Russian). Lenta.ru. 2011-12-12. Archived from the original on 2012-07-13. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
8. Hayremdinov, Leonid (2012-03-02). Загоризонтная миссия янтарного края (in Russian). Krasnaya Zvezda. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
9. Задача по быстрому развертыванию РЛС в России выполнима, сообщает ВКО Archived 2012-01-03 at the Wayback Machine РИА Новости

## InfoBox

| Pionersky Radar Station | |
| --- | --- |
| *Пионерский РЛС-Pionersky RLS* | |
| Radar array under construction in Pionersky | |
| Pionersky Radar Station | |
| Coordinates | 54°51′26″N 20°10′56″E / 54.857294°N 20.18235°E / 54.857294; 20.18235 |
| Type | Radar Station |
| Site information | |
| Owner | Russian Aerospace Forces |
| Controlled by | Russian Space Forces |
| Open to<br>the public | no |
| Condition | operational |
| Site history | |
| Built | 2010 (2010) |
| Built by | Russia |
| In use | Russia |


title: Pionier Museum

abstract: Pionier Opelug Museum, is a cultural and "living" museum in the eastern suburbs of Pretoria that reflects the lifestyle of early pioneers or "Voortrekkers" of the early 19th century. It is housed in the oldest building in Pretoria, the 1848 House, and the museum is operated by Ditsong Museums of South Africa.

text:
# Pionier Museum

**Pionier Opelug Museum** (Afrikaans for the **Pioneer Open-air Museum**), is a cultural and "living" museum in the eastern suburbs of Pretoria that reflects the lifestyle of early pioneers or "Voortrekkers" of the early 19th century. It is housed in the oldest building in Pretoria, the **1848 House**, and the museum is operated by Ditsong Museums of South Africa.

## Museum

The museum is a "living museum" so in other words the guides and the visitors are meant to experience the museum as if they lived in the early 19th century and the guides are clad in period dress. Activities include traditional bread making and butter churning and presentations of "Voorlaaier", Afrikaans for "Front-loading" musket, firing and reloading. The main tour of the museum follows the history of the **1848 House** and the people who inhabited the original farm called "Hartebeestpoort". The surrounding gardens are stocked with a traditional herb and vegetable garden where one can learn about Voortrekker "Boereraat" or "home-remedies", an orchard, a furnished period wagon house and a vineyard.

### Events

* A New Year's Festival is held on 1 January every year in the museum complex.
* There is also a farmers' market held at the museum every Saturday from 5h30 to 9h30 called the **Pretoria Boeremark**.

## 1848 House

The fittingly named **1848 House** is the main building of the complex and was built in 1848 by early Voortrekker pioneers using traditional methods, it is the oldest man made structure still standing in the city of Pretoria. According to the website the house's specifications are: "The house was built of clay and local materials, with a thatched roof and earthen floors, and is furnished in the traditional 19th century rural style."

## History

The Cape Colony farmer David Botha, was the first to settle on the farm Hartebeespoort in 1846 and two years later he built the current main house. The property served the purpose of halfway station for many years with several coach-houses and stables catering to the needs of travelers. In 1961 the property was donated to the Municipality of Silverton and in 1975 it was made into a museum and named the "Pionier Museum" or "Pioneer Museum".

## InfoBox

Pioneer Open-air Museum
| "Pionier Opelug Museum" | |
| --- | --- |
| The 1848 House | |
|  | |
| Established | 1975 |
| Location | Pretoria, Gauteng,  South Africa |
| Coordinates | 25°44′05″S 28°18′30″E / 25.734715°S 28.308467°E / -25.734715; 28.308467 |
| Type | Cultural history |
| Website | www.ditsong.org.za/pioneer.htm, http://pioniersmuseum.co.za/ |
| Ditsong Museums of South Africa network | |
|  | |


title: Pine Mountain State Scenic Trail

abstract: Pine Mountain State Scenic Trail is a 120 mi (193 km) trail under development in the U.S. state of Kentucky. Once completed, the trail will wind along Pine Mountain Ridge from the Breaks Interstate Park to Cumberland Gap National Historical Park. The park itself will cover a 1,000 acres (4.0 km⁲) band along Pine Mountain. The trail will connect Bad Branch State Nature Preserve and many other natural areas owned by the Office of Kentucky Nature Preserves. As of May 2014, the trail is completed from the Breaks Interstate Park to Kingdom Come State Park.

text:
# Pine Mountain State Scenic Trail

**Pine Mountain State Scenic Trail** is a 120 mi (193 km) trail under development in the U.S. state of Kentucky. Once completed, the trail will wind along Pine Mountain Ridge from the Breaks Interstate Park to Cumberland Gap National Historical Park. The park itself will cover a 1,000 acres (4.0 km2) band along Pine Mountain. The trail will connect Bad Branch State Nature Preserve and many other natural areas owned by the Office of Kentucky Nature Preserves.

As of May 2014, the trail is completed from the Breaks Interstate Park to Kingdom Come State Park.

## Trail sections

The following chart lists the completed trail sections as of May 2014:

| Trail Section | Length | Shelters | Start to Finish |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Birch Knob | 28 mi (45 km) | one | Breaks Interstate Park to U.S. 23 |
| Highland Section | 16 mi (26 km) | two | U.S. 23 to U.S. 119 |

## Trail rules

* Foot traffic only between US 23 and US 119
* Camping at designated sites only (There are a number of shelters along the trail - check for details on camping.)
* No overnight camping permitted in state nature preserves.
* No overnight parking at state nature preserves.
* Trails have sign-in and sign-out stations that help identify who is and has been on the mountain in the event of an emergency.

37°12′12″N 82°33′09″W / 37.2034396°N 82.552376°W / 37.2034396; -82.552376

## InfoBox

| Pine Mountain State Scenic Trail | |
| --- | --- |
| Length | 120 mi (190 km) |
| Location | Eastern Kentucky, United States |
| Trailheads | Breaks Interstate Park, Kentucky
Cumberland Gap National Historical Park, Kentucky |
| Use | Hiking |
| Difficulty | Moderate to Difficult |
| Sights | Cumberland Plateau |
| Hazards | Severe weather
American black bear
Tick-borne diseases
Mosquitos
Biting flies
Chiggers
Steep grades
Limited water
Diarrhea from water
Poison ivy
Venomous snakes |


title: Pine Mountain Wilderness

abstract: Pine Mountain Wilderness is a protected wilderness area managed by the Prescott National Forest in the U.S. state of Arizona. Pine Mountain is the high point of the Verde River Rim at 6,814 feet and provides an excellent viewing to the northeast of the Wild and Scenic Verde while surrounded by ponderosa pine and Douglas fir. Sharing a boundary with the Tonto National Forest this area is the southernmost wilderness in Prescott National Forest and holds six hiking trails.

text:
# Pine Mountain Wilderness

**Pine Mountain Wilderness** is a protected wilderness area managed by the Prescott National Forest in the U.S. state of Arizona. **Pine Mountain** is the high point of the Verde River Rim at 6,814 feet (2076 m) and provides an excellent viewing to the northeast of the Wild and Scenic Verde while surrounded by ponderosa pine and Douglas fir.

Sharing a boundary with the Tonto National Forest this area is the southernmost wilderness in Prescott National Forest and holds six hiking trails.

## InfoBox

| Pine Mountain Wilderness | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category Ib (wilderness area) | |
|  | |
| Location | Yavapai County, Arizona, United States |
| Nearest city | Cordes Lakes, AZ |
| Coordinates | 34°08′37″N 111°50′18″W / 34.1435°N 111.8382°W / 34.1435; -111.8382 |
| Area | 20,053 acres (81 km2) |
| Established | 1972 (1972) |
| Governing body | U.S. Forest Service |


title: Pine Island (horse)

abstract: Pine Island, was an American thoroughbred racehorse whose career and life were cut short by an injury suffered during the running of the 2006 Breeders' Cup Distaff.

text:
# Pine Island (horse)

**Pine Island** (April 19, 2003 – November 4, 2006), was an American thoroughbred racehorse whose career and life were cut short by an injury suffered during the running of the 2006 Breeders' Cup Distaff.

## Racing career

Pine Island, unraced as a two-year-old quickly displayed her promise by winning her first career start, a maiden special weight race on the turf at Gulfstream Park in Hallandale, Florida, in February 2006. Rested for almost three months after her triumphant debut, Pine Island returned to the racetrack in May, this time winning an allowance race on the main track at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York. After two strong second-place finishes in the Grade 1 Mother Goose Stakes and Coaching Club American Oaks, both at Belmont, Pine Island notched her first major score in August by winning the Grade 1 Alabama Stakes at Saratoga Race Course in Saratoga Springs, New York. She followed up this success with a win in the Grade 1 Gazelle Stakes at Belmont in September.

## Death

Pine Island's promising career and ultimately her life came to an end on November 4, 2006 when she broke down on the backstretch during the running of the Breeders' Cup Distaff which was held at Churchill Downs in Louisville, Kentucky that year. It was discovered that she had dislocated her left front ankle so severely that there would be virtually no chance of her survival. Dr. Wayne McIlwraith, a track veterinarian at Churchill Downs who examined her said that there were likely multiple fractures and soft tissue injuries as well. Due to the decreased blood supply and the risk of contamination from the open wound caused by the injury, she was humanely euthanized after being vanned off the racetrack.

## Legacy

Pine Island was buried on November 13 in a private ceremony at Claiborne Farm's Marchmont Cemetery. Claude R. "Shug" McGaughey III, who trained Pine Island for the Phipps Stable, was quoted as saying: "She was a pleasure to be around because she liked doing it, and she made very few mistakes around the barn." Gus Koch, the Farm Manager of Claiborne, said: "It was a sad, sad day. It was sad for the Phippses and all of us at Claiborne. We foaled her and weaned her and raised her as a yearling. She was a lovely individual to be around and very nice to get along with. It's just a tragic loss." Pine Island's grave is located right next to 1998 American Champion Three-Year-Old Filly, Banshee Breeze. Others who share the same cemetery space as her include the Phipps's racing superstar Easy Goer.

## InfoBox

| Pine Island | |
| --- | --- |
| Sire | Arch |
| Grandsire | Kris S. |
| Dam | Matlacha Pass |
| Damsire | Seeking The Gold |
| Sex | Filly |
| Foaled | 2003 |
| Country | United States |
| Colour | Dark Bay |
| Breeder | Ogden Phipps |
| Owner | Phipps Stable |
| Trainer | Claude R. "Shug" McGaughey III |
| Record | 7: 4-2-0 |
| Earnings | $666,800 |
| Major wins | |
| Alabama Stakes (2006)<br>Gazelle Stakes (2006) | |


title: Pinecrest, Hillsborough County, Florida

abstract: Pinecrest, is an unincorporated community in southeastern Hillsborough County, Florida, United States, located at the intersection of Lithia-Pinecrest Road, and state highway 39.

text:
# Pinecrest, Hillsborough County, Florida

**Pinecrest**, is an unincorporated community in southeastern Hillsborough County, Florida, United States, located at the intersection of Lithia-Pinecrest Road (Hillsborough County Road 640), and state highway 39.

## Education

In 1936, Keysville, Welcome, and Picnic joined together to form a school with grades one through nine, and one year later expanded to grades 1-12. The first graduating class was in 1938. Like many schools in the area, it began as a strawberry school, where the students attended during the summer months and took the winter months off to bring in the strawberry crop. The school burned in 1963, but was rebuilt and is currently in use as Pinecrest Elementary school. The high school closed in 1972, with the students being rezoned to either Brandon High School or East Bay High School Current students are zoned to Pinecrest Elementary, Randall Middle School and Newsome High School.

## InfoBox

| Pinecrest | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Southbound Hillsborough CR 39 as it enters Pinecrest | |
| PinecrestLocation within the state of Florida | |
| Coordinates: 27°51′00″N 82°08′44″W / 27.85000°N 82.14556°W / 27.85000; -82.14556 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Florida |
| County | Hillsborough |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |


title: Pink Turns Blue

abstract: Pink Turns Blue is a German rock band from Berlin. Formed in 1985, they were part of the first generation of gothic rock in Germany and released their first LP, If Two Worlds Kiss with a sound reminiscent of new wave with very dark undertones and use of synthesizers, and went to become part of the developing sub-genre of dark wave.

text:
# Pink Turns Blue

**Pink Turns Blue** is a German rock band from Berlin. Formed in 1985, they were part of the first generation of gothic rock in Germany and released their first LP, *If Two Worlds Kiss* with a sound reminiscent of new wave with very dark undertones and use of synthesizers, and went to become part of the developing sub-genre of dark wave.

## Beginnings (1985–87)

The band originally was a duo consisting of Thomas Elbern (vocals and guitars), Mic Jogwer (vocals, bass and keyboards) and a drum machine.

In 1985, Elbern was part of an NDW-ensemble called Seltsame Zustände but wanted to form a new band in Cologne and was looking for musicians via an ad. The music student Mic Jogwer answered, and they had several small appearances around Cologne under the name Pink Turns Blue, named after the Hüsker Dü song "Pink Turns to Blue". Musically they were oriented towards post-punk bands like early The Cure, The Chameleons or The Sound. In early 1986, art student and drummer Marcus Giltjes joined the band. The trio won a 'new talent award' from Germany's biggest radio station WDR which included as a prize a studio session with producer and radio host Volkmar Kramarz.

## The years as German indie insider tip (1987–91)

In June 1987, Mic Jogwer switched from bass to guitar and Ruebi Walter, who joined the band in 1986 as a keyboard player, moved to bass.

In August the band were signed by the newly found record label Fun Factory! The band recorded a few new songs and remixed existing material from 1986 for their debut album *If Two Worlds Kiss*, released in October 1987.

From October 1987 to March 1988, the band toured and the song *Walking On Both Sides* got them TV appearances and was played on the radio. They were invited to tour with the controversial Yugoslavian band Laibach, and Jogwer became friends with their soundman Janez Križaj. Križaj invited Pink Turns Blue to record their second album in Ljubljana. To pay for the recordings, the band smuggled Western studio equipment across the border.

In August 1988, the single *Touch The Skies* was released, and Pink Turns Blue played their first concerts in England, France, Switzerland and the Netherlands. In October, their second album *Meta* was released which carried the keyboard heavy The Cure sound to extremes and which sold 2,300 units within 8 weeks. As second single, *Your Master Is Calling*, was released which got them TV appearance in Tele 5, was on rotation of many radio stations and is their most popular song to date with more than 3.8 million YouTube views.

The third album *Eremite* also was recorded with Janez Križaj in Ljubljana and was finished in August 1989. However, their record label Fun Factory got into financial difficulties and Pink Turns Blue switched to the Rough Trade Records sub-label Our Choice, which released the album in April 1990. "Michelle" was remixed in Manchester and released in October as a single. Early 1990, Ruebi Walter's younger brother Reinhold joined on keyboards, and drummer Marcus Giltjes left the band.

The fourth studio album, *Aerdt* (Art+Earth), was recorded between January and February 1991 in Ljubljana by Mic Jogwer and Ruebi Walter as a duo. A drum machine was used. The album was released in August. The band performed the songs live with a conventional setup supported a hired drummer.

## Relocation to London (1991–95)

In spring 1991, after finishing the album *Aerdt,* Mic Jogwer and Ruebi Walter moved to London. The song "Seven Years" from *Aerdt* was re-recorded in a dance version and released as a single in September. In early 1992, two more dance oriented singles followed: "Overloaded" and "Star".

In May 1992 Pink Turns Blue recorded their fifth album, *Sonic Dust*, with their new English drummer Louis Pavlou, and it was released in August.

In December 1992, Pink Turns Blue recorded their sixth album, *Perfect Sex*, with David M. Allen, the producer of The Cure and Sisters Of Mercy. It was released after some delay in 1994. Louis Pavlou left the band to join The Cure to record *Wild Mood Swings*.

In November 1994, the unplugged album *Muzak* was released which was recorded by Mic Jogwer and his sound engineer colleague Marc Williams in his London flat. It contains a selection of Pink Turns Blue songs performed with acoustic instruments.

In 1995, Pink Turns Blue disbanded. Mic Jogwer later remarked that with the move to London, the band lost its musical orientation and spread itself too thin. Mic Jogwer made a career in the music and media industry producing CD ROMs and websites.

## Reunion (2003–present)

In April 2001, Mic Jogwer produced three songs with Violetta Superstar, the band of Brigid Anderson which was released in October 2001 on a compilation CD (*Die fiesen Diven*). The two formed an electronic duo called *Orden* and started to write songs together and recorded some Demos.

Early 2003, Thomas Görnert, the manager of the Wave-Gotik-Treffen in Leipzig, requested a performance of Orden and he addressed Mic Jogwer's band Pink Turns Blue. Jogwer and Andersen persuaded Thomas Elbern, Reini Walter and Louis Pavlou into a one-off Re-Union show and Pink Turns Blue performed at the Wave-Gotik-Treffen in June 2003. Following this, the band reformed and played as headliners at M'era Luna 2004.

The restart was announced in combination with a greatest hits album called *Re-Union*.

The seventh studio album *Phoenix* was recorded in Berlin in winter 2004/2005, mixed by Janez Križaj in Ljubljana and released in April 2005. The album received 'album of the months awards' in three music magazines (Sonic Seducer, Orkus, Zillo) and spent eight weeks on chart position 3 in the German Alternative Charts.

The eighth album, *Ghost*, which came about in the same setting in fall/winter 2006/2007 followed in May 2007. The release was presented at the Wave-Gotik-Treffen 2007 and again got 'album of the month awards', made it to chart position 37 of the annual German Alternative Charts.

In November 2009 the band recorded their ninth album *Storm* with the singles *Storm Rider* and *Run From Me* which made it to chart position 2 in the German Alternative Charts. Storm also got critical acclaim from the mainstream press (laut.de) and brought international attention and festival invitations.

In April 2016 Pink Turns Blue released their tenth studio album *The AERDT – Untold Stories* with their Club EP staying on chart position 3 for eight consecutive weeks in the German Alternative Charts. With the success on the alternative chart in combination with placements and attention on the Internet as on Apple Music, Spotify, YouTube, Facebook and Last FM the band has since played at various alternative music clubs and festivals in Europe and worldwide.

In September 2021 the band released their eleventh album *TAINTED* which received overwhelmingly positive responses, including 'album of the year 2021' by Byte FM (Hamburg), top album of the year 2021 by Post Punk Com (New York) and 4 songs from the album entering the German Indie Disko Top 40 for more than 20 weeks with "There Must Be So Much More" on chart position 1 for two weeks (week 23 and week 24), "You Still Mean Too Much To Me" reaching positions 2 and 3 (week 36 / week 37) and "Not Even Trying" reaching chart position 7 (week 39). Also, three tracks ended up in the top 200 Indie Disko 2021 Annual Charts on positions 14 (There Must Be So Much More), 29 (You Still Mean Too Much To Me) and 170 (Not Even Trying).

## Awards

Awards
| Society | Award | Year |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Westdeutscher Rundfunk | New Talent Award | 1986 |
| Sonic Seducer | Album of the Month (#2) | 2005 |
| Sonic Seducer | Album of the Month (#1) | 2007 |
| Byte FM | Album of the Year (#1) | 2021 |
| Post Punk Com | Best of 2021 (#6) | 2021 |
|

## Discography

### Studio albums

* 1987: *If Two Worlds Kiss* (LP/CD)
* 1988: *Meta* (LP/CD)
* 1990: *Eremite* (LP/CD)
* 1991: *Aerdt* (LP/CD)
* 1992: *Sonic Dust* (CD)
* 1993: *Muzak* (CD)
* 1994: *Perfect Sex* (CD)
* 2005: *Phoenix* (CD)
* 2007: *Ghost* (CD)
* 2010: *Storm* (CD)
* 2016: *The AERDT – Untold Stories* (CD)
* 2021: *TAINTED* (LP/CD)

### Compilation albums

* 1998: *Best of and Rarities* (Compilation CD)
* 2004: *Re-Union* (Compilation CD)

### Singles/EPs

* 1988: *Touch the Skies* (12"/MCD)
* 1988: *Your Master Is Calling* (12"/MCD)
* 1990: *Michelle* (12"/MCD)
* 1991: *The Son* (12"/MCD)
* 1991: *Seven Years* (12"/MCD)
* 1991: *Overloaded* (12"/MCD)
* 1992: *Star* (12"/MCD)
* 1994: *Talk Baby* (12"MCD/7'Vinyl)
* 2005: *Phoenix* (MCD)
* 2010: *Storm Rider / Run From Me* (7"Vinyl)
* 2016: *The Aerdt Club EP* (12"MCD)

## InfoBox

| Pink Turns Blue | |
| --- | --- |
| Pink Turns Blue 2021 (Kulttempel Oberhausen, Germany) | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Berlin, Germany |
| Genres | Gothic rock, new wave, darkwave, post-punk |
| Years active | 1985–1995, 2003–present |
| Labels | Fun Factory!, Our Choice, Orden, Strobelight, Dais |
|  | |
| Members | Mic Jogwer
Paul Richter
Luca Sammuri
 |
|  | |
| Past members | Thomas Elbern
Marcus Giltjes
Ruebi Walter
Louis Pavlou
Brigid Anderson
Reini Walter
 |
|  | |
| Website | pinkturnsblue.com |


title: Pink Tush Girl

abstract: Pink Tush Girl aka Pink Hip Girl is a 1978 Japanese film in Nikkatsu's Roman porno series, directed by Kōyū Ohara and starring Kaori Takeda, Ako and Yūko Katagiri. It is based on an award-winning novel by Osamu Hashimoto.

text:
# Pink Tush Girl

***Pink Tush Girl*** aka ***Pink Hip Girl*** (桃尻娘 ピンク・ヒップ・ガール, *Momojiri musume: Pinku hippu gaaru*) is a 1978 Japanese film in Nikkatsu's *Roman porno* series, directed by Kōyū Ohara and starring Kaori Takeda, Ako and Yūko Katagiri. It is based on an award-winning novel by Osamu Hashimoto.

## Synopsis

An extroverted high school girl befriends an introverted female classmate, and the two begin exploring their curiosity about sex together. They begin working as prostitutes, but their friendship is tested when they both fall in love with the same man. The film ends on an upbeat note with the two girls reconciling their friendship.

## Cast

* Kahori Takeda (竹田かほり) as Rena Sakakibara
* Ako (亜湖) as Yuko Taguchi
* Atsushi Takahashi (高橋淳) as Gen'ichi Kikawada
* Yūji Nogami (野上祐二) as Takinoue
* Akio Kuwasaki (桑崎晃男) as Yamashina
* Asami Morikawa (森川麻美) as Ryōko Matsuzaki
* Kunio Shimizu (清水国雄) as Tōru Kinoshita
* Risato Sasaki (佐々木梨里)
* Yūko Katagiri as Tokie Yamada
* Yûya Uchida (内田裕也) as Sen'ichi Yamada
* Ushi Tōyama (遠山牛) as Ken Ishida
* Satoko Ōtake (大竹智子) as High school girl
* Nobue Ichitani (一谷伸江) as Nobue Sakakibara
* Etsuko Seki (関悦子) as Hiroko Taguchi
* Shirô Kishibe (岸部シロー) as Mastumoto
* Osamu Hashimoto (橋本治) as Shop owner

## Critical appraisal

In their *Japanese Cinema Encyclopedia: The Sex Films*, the Weissers note that with the *Pink Tush Girl* trilogy, Kōyū Ohara reversed the style of his earlier dark films such as the *True Story of a Woman in Prison* trilogy (1975-1977). In the *Pink Tush Girl* films Ohara depicts, "an erotic world from pop music and high school tribulations". Unlike most films in the *Roman Porno* series, the films were popular with both men and women. The Weissers attribute this partly to the on-screen relationship between the two lead performers, Kahori Takeda and Ako.

The director noted that this upbeat, breezy take on the sex lives of two female characters was at odds with the way that women were depicted in the pink film at the time. Ohara was enthusiastic about this aspect of the project, and because of this, caused the film to go over-budget. He remembered, "I was scolded severely by the Nikkatsu management", but he felt vindicated when the film's popularity caused the studio to ask him to make sequels.

In his survey of the films of Kōyū Ohara, Graham Lewis writes that though *Pink Hip Girl* is less serious in tone than Ohara's earlier films, it is no less well-made and thoroughly enjoyable. He notes that Ohara's nickname, "King of Pink-Pop" derives largely from his work in this film and its sequels. Lewis concludes: "If Ohara's other films sound too rough for you, this might be your cup of tea".

Jasper Sharp judges *Pink Tush Girl* to be arguably Ohara's best film. He writes that the film's road movie structure, catchy theme song, and longer running length make it a more fully rounded cinematic experience than many contemporary Nikkatsu *Roman Pornos*. He speculates that, because of the wider popularity of this film, Nikkatsu would have been wise to pursue the lighter tone of this film rather than the dark S&M films that they concentrated on producing at the time.

## Availability

*Pink Tush Girl* was released theatrically in Japan on April 29, 1978. It was released on DVD in Japan on DVD December 22, 2005, as part of Geneon's second wave of Nikkatsu *Roman porno* series.

Notes Bibliography English Japanese

## InfoBox

| Pink Tush Girl | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical poster | |
| Directed by | Kōyū Ohara |
| Written by | Narito Kaneko (screenplay)
Osamu Hashimoto (novel) |
| Starring | Kaori Takeda
Ako
Yūko Katagiri |
| Cinematography | Masaru Mori |
| Edited by | Atsushi Nabeshima |
| Music by | Daikō Nagato |
| Distributed by | Nikkatsu |
| Release date | * April 29, 1978 (1978-04-29) |
| Running time | 87 minutes |
| Country | Japan |
| Language | Japanese |


title: Pietro Style

abstract: Pietro Style is the second album from German singer Pietro Lombardi, it was released on December 2, 2011 in Germany. The first single released from the album "Goin' to L.A." was released on November 11, 2011.

text:
# Pietro Style

***Pietro Style*** is the second album from German singer Pietro Lombardi, it was released on December 2, 2011 in Germany. The first single released from the album "Goin' to L.A." was released on November 11, 2011.

## Singles

* "Goin' to L.A." was the first single released from the album. It was released on November 11, 2011. The song reached number 22 in Germany and number 55 in Austria.

## Track listing

Standard edition
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Goin' to L.A." | 3:09 |
| 2. | "Baby Feel My Body Rock" | 3:15 |
| 3. | "It Cuts Like a Knife" | 3:43 |
| 4. | "When Your Heart Is Missing a Beat" | 3:00 |
| 5. | "Come Back and Stay With Me" | 3:31 |
| 6. | "Hey Girl!" | 3:22 |
| 7. | "Tonight Could Be the Night" | 3:25 |
| 8. | "I Was So Blind" | 3:22 |
| 9. | "Cannot Stand the Pain" | 3:32 |
| 10. | "I Promised My Heart to You" | 3:43 |
| 11. | "I'll Never Give Up" | 3:30 |
| 12. | "It's Christmas Time" | 3:00 |
| 13. | "I'll Never Give Up" (Slow Version) | 3:23 |

## Chart performance

| Chart (2011) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria) | 30 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 17 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 66 |

## Release history

| Country | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Germany | 2 December 2011 | Digital download | Universal Music Germany |

## InfoBox

| Pietro Style | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Pietro Lombardi | |
| Released | 2 December 2011 |
| Recorded | 2011 |
| Genre | Pop |
| Label | Warner Music Germany |
| Pietro Lombardi chronology | |
| *Jackpot*
(2011) ***Pietro Style***
(2011) *Dream Team*
(2013) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Pietro Style* | |
| 1. "Goin' to L.A."
Released: November 11, 2011 | |
|  | |


title: Pietro Strambone

abstract:
Pietro Strambone, O.P. was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Nocera de' Pagani (1479–1503). He was appointed a priest in the Order of Preachers.
On 16 June 1479, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul II as Bishop of Nocera de' Pagani.
He served as Bishop of Nocera de' Pagani until his death in 1503.

text:
# Pietro Strambone

**Pietro Strambone, O.P.** (died 1503) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Nocera de' Pagani (1479–1503).

He was appointed a priest in the Order of Preachers. On 16 June 1479, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul II as Bishop of Nocera de' Pagani. He served as Bishop of Nocera de' Pagani until his death in 1503.

## InfoBox

| Most Reverend<br>Pietro Strambone | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Nocera de' Pagani | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Diocese | Diocese of Nocera de' Pagani |
| In office | 1479–1503 |
| Predecessor | Giovanni Marcolini |
| Successor | Bernardino Orsini |
| Personal details | |
| Died | 1503 |


title: Pimpa

abstract: Pimpa or La Pimpa is an Italian comic strip, created by Francesco Tullio Altan, whose main character is a red-spotted female dog with large feet and a small tail. The La Pimpa's tail and toes are red as well. The comic strip made its debut on 13 July 1975 in Corriere dei Piccoli; it was published by the comics magazine until 1995, and from 1987 it also became the leading character of an eponymous monthly children's magazine. Pimpa was also the subject of three animated series, directed by Osvaldo Cavandoli and Enzo D'Alò, produced and broadcast by Rai TV and later released on DVD. In 1998 Pimpa was the main character in two stage plays, Pimpa Cappuccetto Rosso and Pimpa, Kamillo e il libro magico.

text:
# Pimpa

***Pimpa*** or ***La Pimpa*** is an Italian comic strip, created by Francesco Tullio Altan, whose main character is a red-spotted female dog with large feet and a small tail. The La Pimpa's tail and toes are red as well.

The comic strip made its debut on 13 July 1975 in *Corriere dei Piccoli*; it was published by the comics magazine until 1995, and from 1987 it also became the leading character of an eponymous monthly children's magazine. Pimpa was also the subject of three animated series, directed by Osvaldo Cavandoli and Enzo D'Alò, produced and broadcast by Rai TV and later released on DVD. In 1998 Pimpa was the main character in two stage plays, *Pimpa Cappuccetto Rosso* and *Pimpa, Kamillo e il libro magico*.

## InfoBox

| *Pimpa* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Creative team | |
| Created by | Francesco Tullio Altan |


title: Pithiviers-le-Vieil

abstract: Pithiviers-le-Vieil is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France.

text:
# Pithiviers-le-Vieil

**Pithiviers-le-Vieil** (French pronunciation: \[pitivje  vjɛj\]) is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France.

## InfoBox

| Pithiviers-le-Vieil | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
|  | |
| Location of Pithiviers-le-Vieil | |
| Pithiviers-le-VieilPithiviers-le-Vieil | |
| Coordinates: 48°09′48″N 2°12′36″E / 48.1633°N 2.21°E / 48.1633; 2.21 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Centre-Val de Loire |
| Department | Loiret |
| Arrondissement | Pithiviers |
| Canton | Pithiviers |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Philippe Chaline |
| Area**1** | 33.68 km2 (13.00 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 1,726 |
| Density | 51/km2 (130/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 45253 /45300 |
| Elevation | 98–132 m (322–433 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Pitlochry fish ladder

abstract: The Pitlochry fish ladder is a fish ladder next to the Pitlochry Power Station, near Pitlochry, Perth and Kinross, Scotland, which allows salmon to travel upstream during the breeding season. Although viewing the ladder is still allowed, the observation tank as of July 2019 has been closed due to "access and safety concerns". Live web feeds are still available via the visitor's centre.

text:
# Pitlochry fish ladder

The **Pitlochry fish ladder** is a fish ladder next to the Pitlochry Power Station, near Pitlochry, Perth and Kinross, Scotland, which allows salmon to travel upstream during the breeding season.

Although viewing the ladder is still allowed, the observation tank as of July 2019 has been closed due to "access and safety concerns". Live web feeds are still available via the visitor's centre.

## Construction details

The ladder was constructed as a result of a 1943 Act of Parliament which laid a duty of care on the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board to preserve fish stocks in the waterways encompassing its power schemes. The form and design were created by the fish biologist John Berry.

It was completed in 1951 alongside the dam for the hydro-electric power station as part of the Tummel hydro-electric power scheme and was installed in 1952. It was the first of its type in Scotland.

The fish ladder consists of 34 separate pools, each 50 centimetres (1.6 ft) higher than the last and covering a distance of 310 metres (340 yd). Each pool has a 1-metre (3 ft 3 in) opening below the water level to allow the fish to pass to the next pool; a continuous flow of water maintains the water level in the pools. There are three larger pools which allow the fish to rest during their ascent, and one of these has an underwater viewing area with a glass wall and CCTV cameras to allow the public to observe the fish making their climb during the breeding season. The ladder is equipped with a fish counter which allows the number of fish making the journey each year to be recorded. In 2006, 7,238 fish were recorded travelling up the ladder.

The 2016 total, as of 13 September, was 6,098 fish. The 2006 and 2016 figures were relatively high when taken in context with the counts since 1980. An average figure has been nearer to 4,000 fish, looking at the Tay District Salmon Fisheries Board report of 2015.

The dam across the River Tummel at Pitlochry (that led to the formation of Loch Faskally) was constructed between 1947 and 1950 as part of the Board's Tummel Hydro-Electric Power Scheme. Without the fish ladder, it would have been an impassable obstacle for the migrating salmon.

56°41′56″N 3°44′22″W / 56.69883°N 3.73943°W / 56.69883; -3.73943


title: Pitlurg Castle

abstract: Pitlurg Castle was a 16th-century keep, about 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south of Keith, Banffshire, Scotland, north of the Burn of Davidston, at Mains of Pitlurg.

text:
# Pitlurg Castle

**Pitlurg Castle** was a 16th-century keep, about 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south of Keith, Banffshire, Scotland, north of the Burn of Davidston, at Mains of Pitlurg.

## History

The name 'Pitlurg', meaning 'the hillside place', suggests there was an earlier Pictish settlement on the site.

A Gordon family, descended from Jock o’Scurdargue, owned the lands until 1724. It was partly occupied until the 1760s. General Gordon, 1815, a descendant, took the name for his estate of Leask and Birness, Formartine.

When James VI was at Aberdeen, on 4 August 1589 he wrote to John Gordon of Pitlurg asking him for a hackney horse for his use and the use of his bride-to-be, Anne of Denmark. The Earl of Huntly and other Gordon lairds sent him to Edinburgh to speak for them in 1593. In 1594 James VI invited him to the baptism of Prince Henry to be a companion to the ambassadors. In October 1594 James VI made him keeper of Huntly Castle.

Robert Gordon of Straloch was born and resided here, inheriting the estate from his brother John.

## Structure

Pitlurg Castle was a Z-plan tower house and courtyard. Only one round tower with two vaulted storeys remains. It is now a doocot.

The castle was built on rock. To the south was the Den of Pitlurg, while there was an open view to the west. There was a well in the castle courtyard, while it is thought that the castle was surrounded by a deep ditch, and there was a long range of buildings to the west. The structure to the east has been removed, but it is marked by a rebuilt doorway, and by the remains of a stone staircase leading to the second floor of the tower on the south-east side.

1. Coventry, Martin (1997) *The Castles of Scotland*. Goblinshead. ISBN 1-899874-10-0 p.280
2. "Pitlurg Castle". *Rothi*. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
3. "Pitlurg Castle". *Canmore*. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
4. *Miscellany of the Spalding Club*, 1 (Aberdeen, 1841), pp. 3-8.
5. *Miscellany of the Spalding Club*, 1 (Aberdeen, 1841), p. 9.

57°29′46″N 2°56′34″W / 57.496°N 2.9428°W / 57.496; -2.9428


title: Piskorzeniec

abstract: Piskorzeniec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przedbórz, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) east of Przedbórz, 41 km (25 mi) east of Radomsko, and 89 km (55 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Piskorzeniec

**Piskorzeniec** \[piskɔˈʐɛɲɛt͡s\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przedbórz, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) east of Przedbórz, 41 km (25 mi) east of Radomsko, and 89 km (55 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

## InfoBox

| Piskorzeniec | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Piskorzeniec | |
| Coordinates: 51°4′N 20°2′E / 51.067°N 20.033°E / 51.067; 20.033 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Radomsko |
| Gmina | Przedbórz |


title: Piskorzówek

abstract: Piskorzówek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Domaniów, within Oława County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in southwestern Poland. It lies approximately 1 kilometre (1 mi) north-east of Domaniów, 13 kilometres (8 mi) west of Oława, and 27 kilometres (17 mi) south of the regional capital Wrocław. The name Piskorzówek is a diminutive form of the name of the nearby village of Piskorzów, which in turn comes from the Polish word piskorz, which means "weatherfish".

text:
# Piskorzówek

**Piskorzówek** \[piskɔˈʐuvɛk\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Domaniów, within Oława County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in southwestern Poland.

It lies approximately 1 kilometre (1 mi) north-east of Domaniów, 13 kilometres (8 mi) west of Oława, and 27 kilometres (17 mi) south of the regional capital Wrocław.

The name *Piskorzówek* is a diminutive form of the name of the nearby village of Piskorzów, which in turn comes from the Polish word *piskorz*, which means "weatherfish".

## Transport

The Polish A4 motorway runs nearby, north-east of the village.

## InfoBox

| Piskorzówek | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Piskorzówek | |
| Coordinates: 50°54′N 17°8′E / 50.900°N 17.133°E / 50.900; 17.133 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lower Silesian |
| County | Oława |
| Gmina | Domaniów |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Vehicle registration | DOA |


title: Plant Delights Nursery

abstract: Plant Delights Nursery is a mail order plant nursery based in Raleigh, North Carolina, specializing in herbaceous perennials, and owned by Tony Avent and partner Anita Avent. Plant Delights Nursery was established in 1988 by plantsman Tony Avent and currently operates on the 28-acre campus of Juniper Level Botanic Gardens. Proceeds from Plant Delights Nursery's for-profit perennial plant nursery fund the research, ex situ conservation, educational programs, and ongoing maintenance of the not-for-profit Juniper Level Botanic Gardens, established in 1988, to bridge the gap between horticulture and botany. Juniper Level Botanic Gardens is also home to the Center for Mindfulness and Nonduality. The nursery operates as a mail order plant nursery through an extensive online shopping presence. It also hosts national and international plant societies and events as well as having 8 public open weekends per year where it sells perennial plants directly to the public on site. The garden and nursery also host educational classes to raise awareness of the mis-information prevalent in the gardening world, along with mindfulness and nonduality classes and retreats with Anita Avent at the Center for Mindfulness and Nonduality. Plant Delights Nursery has a specialty catalog with humorous, topical covers drawn by the acclaimed cartoonist Jack Pittman. Plant Delights Nursery has been featured in many newspapers, magazines, and on television.

text:
# Plant Delights Nursery

**Plant Delights Nursery** is a mail order plant nursery based in Raleigh, North Carolina, specializing in herbaceous perennials, and owned by Tony Avent and partner Anita Avent. Plant Delights Nursery was established in 1988 by plantsman Tony Avent and currently operates on the 28-acre campus of Juniper Level Botanic Gardens.

Proceeds (15% of revenues) from Plant Delights Nursery's for-profit perennial plant nursery fund the research, *ex situ* conservation, educational programs, and ongoing maintenance of the not-for-profit Juniper Level Botanic Gardens, established in 1988, to bridge the gap between horticulture and botany. Juniper Level Botanic Gardens is also home to the Center for Mindfulness and Nonduality.

The nursery operates as a mail order plant nursery through an extensive online shopping presence. It also hosts national and international plant societies and events as well as having 8 public open weekends per year where it sells perennial plants directly to the public on site. The garden and nursery also host educational classes to raise awareness of the mis-information prevalent in the gardening world, along with mindfulness and nonduality classes and retreats with Anita Avent at the Center for Mindfulness and Nonduality.

Plant Delights Nursery has a specialty catalog with humorous, topical covers drawn by the acclaimed cartoonist Jack Pittman. Plant Delights Nursery has been featured in many newspapers, magazines, and on television.

## History

Owner Tony Avent with a lifelong love of plants, dreamed of owning a plant nursery. His parents built him a greenhouse when he was 8 years old and as a child he grew and sold plants as a hobby. Avent studied Horticulture at North Carolina State University under the late renowned horticulturist JC Raulston. He married his childhood sweetheart, Michelle Morgan (1957-2012), and after college, he worked for the North Carolina State Fairgrounds as its Landscape Director. While there, he purchased a home and property at 9241 Sauls Road in Raleigh. This parcel would eventually become Juniper Level Botanic Gardens and Plant Delights Nursery.

When Plant Delights Nursery was established in 1988, it was operated as a part-time operation in Avent's back yard to fund the research and educational programs of the botanic garden. The business grew quickly and in 1994 Avent resigned his day job to focus on the nursery and garden full-time. Avent and his wife, Anita Avent, direct the daily operations of both Plant Delights Nursery and Juniper Level Botanic Gardens.

## Controversy

Owner Tony Avent has a history of publishing satirical catalog covers. These covers, often political satire, are created by Jack Pittman have historically provoked controversy, evidenced by letters contained in a hate mail section on the Plant Delights website.

In 2012, Plant Delights' Spring catalog cover ignited a strong reprisal from Penn State alumni, when the cover featured a caricature of former coach Jerry Sandusky dressed as a lion with a Penn State logo attached chasing children down a road. Numerous Facebook comments directed to the business were deleted. Avent publicly commented on News 5 WRAL in Raleigh that he stands by his artwork.

In 2021, Plant Delights' spring catalog featured President Joe Biden, Vice President Kamala Harris, and a number of children reading sexually suggestive pages from a book held by Biden entitled "Kama Seedtra". These drawings are an apparent nod to the widely debunked QAnon conspiracy purporting high level government officials, including many Democrats, to be involved in sex trafficking of minors.

1. Plant Delights History Web Page
2. Photo Gallery of Plant Delights Catalog Covers
3. Gardener's fantasy and a reality check The Chicago Tribune
4. N.C. nursery's plant catalog always fun The Houston Chronicle
5. The Plant Hunter The New York Times
6. The Plant HunterGarden and Gun Magazine Archived 2011-07-11 at the Wayback Machine
7. Almanac Gardener
8. "The Martha Stewart Show". Archived from the original on 2010-06-28. Retrieved 2011-01-21.
9. Tony Avent's Biography
10. Hate Mail
11. WRAL Story on Backlash
12. "PlantDelights Spring2021 - Powered by PageTurnPro.com". *www.pageturnpro.com*. Retrieved 2021-01-22.

35°37′34″N 78°38′23″W / 35.6262°N 78.6396°W / 35.6262; -78.6396

## InfoBox

Plant Delights
| Company type | Incorporated. Privately Held |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Mail-Order Perennial Nursery |
| Founded | 1988 |
| Headquarters | Raleigh, North Carolina, USA |
| Products | Rare and Unusual Perennials |
| Owner | Tony Avent and Anita Avent |
| Number of employees | Varies by season. 36-55 |
| Website | www.plantdelights.com |


title: Pinaki & Happy - The Bhoot Bandhus

abstract: Pinaki & Happy - The Bhoot Bandhus is an Indian animated television series directed by Naresh Soni and premiered on the Nickelodeon Sonic. The series showcases the story of an unusual family of ghosts who adopt a boy named Pinaki and raise him as one of their own. The series is produced by Tavrohi Animations. The lyrics for the title track of the series are written by poet and lyricist Gulzar, and the music is created by Simaab Sen. It premiered on 9 November 2020.

text:
# Pinaki & Happy - The Bhoot Bandhus

***Pinaki & Happy - The Bhoot Bandhus*** is an Indian animated television series directed by Naresh Soni and premiered on the Nickelodeon Sonic. The series showcases the story of an unusual family of ghosts who adopt a boy named Pinaki and raise him as one of their own. The series is produced by Tavrohi Animations. The lyrics for the title track of the series are written by poet and lyricist Gulzar, and the music is created by Simaab Sen. It premiered on 9 November 2020.

## Synopsis

In the beautiful town of Modern City in India, there is a haunted house named Vibhooti Mansion. What's not known to the people is that there is an eleven year old human kid named Pinaki who lives among the ghosts. As a baby, Pinaki was found on the doorstep of the mansion, along with a note that he must be protected by the people who live in it.

The family of ghosts, Col. Chiku Suri is the head of the family with his lovely wife, Bubbly Suri, who loves to cook some odd dishes, Happy as a Big Brother to Pinaki and Gappu as a cute-little-talking-dog. The ghost family adopt Pinaki and raise him as one of their own. Time flies, all these years Pinaki has been kept within the safe boundaries of the mansion until one day things take a turn when the protagonist decides to step out to see the outside world and pursue further education in Modern City's famous public school. The family has no choice but to come out of the haunted house for the first time in a decade. Thus begins the spooky adventures of Pinaki and his ghost family followed by a series of fun and slapstick comedy as they try to fit in the outside world. Pinaki ends up resolving all their conflicts with the humans and balancing all the time keeping his family's hidden identity intact.

## Cast

* Sonal Kaushal as Pinaki
* Rajesh Kava as Happy
* Manoj Pandey as Col. Chiku Suri
* Aranya Kaur as Bubbly Suri
* Meghana Erande as Gappu
* Pawan Kalra as Dheeru Sir & Principal Sir
*
* Bhakti Jhaveri as Dimpy
* Pooja Punjabi as Sohail
* Samarth Korde (S - 1), Asmita Dabhole (S - 2) as Chintu
* Saudamini as Mintu
* Rajesh Shukla as Shantu

## Characters

### Main characters

* **Pinaki**\- He is an eleven-year-old smart, and well-learned kid, who has been brought up by his unusual family of ghosts. Things take a turn when he gets admission to a local school and interacts with humans. Pinaki is also a bit naughty and generally works towards making things go in his favor. He tries his best to balance his life between school and his family of ghosts. He is very attentive in class and scores well at school. He is his teacher's favorite.
* **Happy**\- He is like an elder brother to Pinaki. They both have a very friendly equation. He is the youngest and funniest ghost in the family, almost like Johnny Bravo. He is 18 years old. He is an over-the-top, dramatic teen. Most of the time his silly mistakes end up escalating the problems. He loves singing and speaks funny one-liners, cracks jokes, and makes everyone laugh.
* **Gappu**\- The pet dog of Col. Suri. Ever since he became a ghost, he realized that he could talk like humans. He is a scientist at heart and loves to invent new *Bhootiya* (Ghostly) gadgets to help himself and the family.
* **Col. Vibhuti Suri / Uncle Suri / Chikoo**\- He is the senior-most ghost of the family. He takes decisions and maintains discipline in the mansion like any Army colonel. However, when it comes to the reputation of the family or ghost community or the safety of one of his own, he can bend the rules and go all out. His mummy calls him Chikoo.
* **Mrs. Babli Suri / Aunty Suri**\- She is the wife of Col. Suri. She is very firm and strong in nature, yet too kind towards our protagonist Pinaki. She loves him from her soul. She loves to cook and thinks she is a great cook. She likes to cook some odd dishes that generally taste bad. Everyone is scared of her cooking, as she keeps inventing weird recipes.

### Supporting characters

* **Shantu**\- He is another one of Pinaki's classmates. He is a snarky kid and a bully as well. He loves to pick on Pinaki because after his admission of his school, he loses his first spot in sports and games, and since then, he has developed a grudge and tries to be troublesome to him, which always goes awry.
* **Chintu and Mintu**\- They are the sidekicks of Shantu. They feed him information that he needs and they also support him. They also execute his devious antics. Mintu is the one who encounters paranormal activity most of the time, but no one believes him, not even his twin brother, Chintu.
* **Dheeru Sir**\- He is Pinaki's class teacher. He is middle aged and speaks with a Bihari accent. He is a bit laid back about everything. He is fond of Pinaki. He also makes funny sounds when he falls asleep.
* **Sohail**\- He is one of Pinaki's classmates and his best friend. He is also scared of things sometimes, but whenever the kids are in trouble or feel like things don't go their way, he starts talking very fast, extremely fast.
* **Dimpy**\- She is also one of Pinaki's classmates and his best friend. She is one of the most courageous girls anyone can come across and is always up for an adventure.

### Other characters

* **Principal Sir**\- He is the principal of Pinaki's school.
* **Aisha**\- She is the elder sister of Sohail. She is a detective.
* **Miss Meeti**\- She is the science teacher of Pinaki's school. When Shantu makes disturbance in her classes, she gives him big punishments, such as write an esay on Rocket and Shantu's Mom, in 2999 words, make experiments 1099 times!
* **Cap Uncle** \- He is a fake real estate agent. He fakes others by telling to rent the house. He is an enemy of Pinaki and his bhoot family. He always tries to destroy Vibhooti Mansion. But he could not do that because he was failed by Pinaki.
* **Naani** \- She is a Mrs Suri's Mother Ghost. She hates Pinaki in the beginning. Later She realizes his kindness and forgiveness and supports him.
* **Bhoot Baby** \- He is a Mrs Suri's Friend's Baby Ghost. He uses bhoot power and gives trouble to Pinaki, Happy and Gappu.

## Broadcast

The series has been aired on Nickelodeon Sonic since November 2020. It has entered the Top 10 of the kids' category.

## Episodes

## Movies

| No. | Movie Name | Premier Date |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Bhoot Bandhus in Super Ghost Carnival | 21 May 2023 |
| 2 | Bhoot Bandhus & The Power of Three | 24 December 2023 |

## InfoBox

| *Pinaki & Happy - The Bhoot Bandhus* | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional poster | |
| Genre | Comedy, horror |
| Written by | Gulzar (title track) |
| Directed by | Naresh Soni |
| Voices of | Sonal Kaushal
Rajesh Kava
Manoj Pandey
Aranya Kaur
Pawan Kalra
Meghna Erande
Bhakti Jhaveri
Pooja Punjabi
Samarth Korde
Saudamini
Rajesh Shukla |
| Theme music composer | Simaab Sen |
| Country of origin | India |
| Original languages | Hindi
Tamil
Telugu
Malayalam
Marathi
Kannada
Bengali |
| Production | |
| Producer | Tavrohi Animations |
| Production company | Tavrohi Animations Private Limited |
| Original release | |
| Network | Nickelodeon Sonic |
| Release | 9 November 2020 (2020-11-09) |


title: Pittocaulon praecox

abstract: Pittocaulon praecox is the type species for the genus Pittocaulon and family Asteraceae. This species also has the widest range of the genus.

text:
# Pittocaulon praecox

***Pittocaulon praecox*** is the type species for the genus *Pittocaulon* and family Asteraceae. This species also has the widest range of the genus.

## Description

It is a deciduous shrub or small tree up to 4 meters high. Its succulent, erect, light gray stems fork like a candelabrum. The glabrous leaves, cordate at the base, are grouped at the upper end of the branches, with petioles up to 17.5 cm long. The entire margins have 5 to 8 acuminate lobes. The inflorescences are grouped into five or six ligule that simulate yellow petals. The fruit is less than 1 cm long and is a dry cylindrical or clavate achene with a pappus of white bristles.

## Distribution

It is a plant native to the semi-arid and temperate zones of central and southern Mexico. Its short roots allow it to grow on thin and uneven soils. In particular, it has found a niche thriving on deposits of extrusive igneous material, such as the Nealtican malpaís and the Pedregal de San Ángel (Coyoacán, Mexico City). The proliferation of Pittocaulon praecox in the Pedregal de San Ángel has been such that its xerophytic ecosystem It is usually classified as “matorral de palo loco”.

## Uses

An infusion made from the leaves is a traditional remedy against rheumatism, wounds and dermatitis.

Media related to Pittocaulon praecox at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| *Pittocaulon praecox* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | *Pittocaulon* |
| Species: | ***P. praecox*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pittocaulon praecox***
(Cav.) H.Rob. et R.D.Brettell | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Cineraria praecox* Cav. | |


title: Plate trick

abstract: In mathematics and physics, the plate trick, also known as Dirac's string trick, the belt trick, or the Balinese cup trick, is any of several demonstrations of the idea that rotating an object with strings attached to it by 360 degrees does not return the system to its original state, while a second rotation of 360 degrees, a total rotation of 720 degrees, does. Mathematically, it is a demonstration of the theorem that SU(2) is simply connected. To say that SU(2) double-covers SO(3) essentially means that the unit quaternions represent the group of rotations twice over. A detailed, intuitive, yet semi-formal articulation can be found in the article on tangloids.

text:
# Plate trick

In mathematics and physics, the **plate trick**, also known as **Dirac's string trick** (after Paul Dirac, who introduced and popularized it), the **belt trick**, or the **Balinese cup trick** (it appears in the Balinese candle dance), is any of several demonstrations of the idea that rotating an object with strings attached to it by 360 degrees does not return the system to its original state, while a second rotation of 360 degrees, a total rotation of 720 degrees, does. Mathematically, it is a demonstration of the theorem that SU(2) (which double-covers SO(3)) is simply connected. To say that SU(2) double-covers SO(3) essentially means that the unit quaternions represent the group of rotations twice over. A detailed, intuitive, yet semi-formal articulation can be found in the article on tangloids.

## Demonstrations

Resting a small plate flat on the palm, it is possible to perform two rotations of one's hand while keeping the plate upright. After the first rotation of the hand, the arm will be twisted, but after the second rotation it will end in the original position. To do this, the hand makes one rotation passing over the elbow, twisting the arm, and then another rotation passing under the elbow untwists it.

In mathematical physics, the trick illustrates the quaternionic mathematics behind the spin of spinors. As with the plate trick, these particles' spins return to their original state only after two full rotations, not after one.

### The belt trick

The same phenomenon can be demonstrated using a leather belt with an ordinary frame buckle, whose prong serves as a pointer. The end opposite the buckle is clamped so it cannot move. The belt is extended without a twist and the buckle is kept horizontal while being turned clockwise one complete turn (360°), as evidenced by watching the prong. The belt will then appear twisted, and no maneuvering of the buckle that keeps it horizontal and pointed in the same direction can undo the twist. Obviously a 360° turn counterclockwise would undo the twist. The surprise element of the trick is that a second 360° turn in the clockwise direction, while apparently making the belt even more twisted, does allow the belt to be returned to its untwisted state by maneuvering the buckle under the clamped end while always keeping the buckle horizontal and pointed in the same direction.

Mathematically, the belt serves as a record, as one moves along it, of how the buckle was transformed from its original position, with the belt untwisted, to its final rotated position. The clamped end always represents the null rotation. The trick demonstrates that a path in rotation space (SO(3)) that produces a 360 degree rotation is not homotopic to a null rotation, but a path that produces a double rotation (720°) is null-homotopic.

Belt trick has been theoretically constructed in 1-d Classical Heisenberg model as a breather solution.


title: Pleurobrachia pileus

abstract: Pleurobrachia pileus is a species of comb jelly, commonly known as a sea gooseberry. It is found in open water in the northern Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea, and was first described by the Danish zoologist Otto Friedrich Müller in 1776.

text:
# Pleurobrachia pileus

***Pleurobrachia pileus*** is a species of comb jelly, commonly known as a sea gooseberry. It is found in open water in the northern Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea, and was first described by the Danish zoologist Otto Friedrich Müller in 1776.

## Description

*Pleurobrachia pileus* is a small, globular or ovoid comb jelly up to about 2.5 cm (1 in) in length. It has a pair of long tentacles that are used to catch prey and can be retracted into sheaths. The tentacles are up to twenty times the length of the body and are fringed with filaments along one edge. The body bears four pairs of longitudinal rows of cilia known as combs which extend about three quarters the length of the animal between its mouth and its aboral (opposite) end. The cilia are mounted on short transverse plates which are bioluminescent.

It is the beating of the cilia in synchrony that allows the animal to swim and that gives it an iridescent appearance. The body is transparent and the comb rows milky white. The tentacles, sheaths and pharynx are also milky white, or dull orange in some individuals.

## Distribution

*Pleurobrachia pileus* occurs in the northern Atlantic Ocean and along the northwestern coasts of Europe. Its range includes the Baltic Sea, the Skagerrak, the Kattegat and the North Sea. It is a pelagic species, occurring in open water, but is sometimes found in rock pools or washed up on the beach. It also occurs off the eastern Atlantic coasts of North America, and in the Black Sea.

This comb jelly is common around the coasts of Europe in early summer. The populations in the Baltic Sea are dependent on the inflow of saline water from the North Sea.

## Ecology

*Pleurobrachia pileus* is a predator and feeds on such actively swimming prey as gammarid amphipods, crab zoeal larvae, barnacle cyprid larvae and calanoid copepods. Over much of its range it co-exists with another species of comb jelly, *Bolinopsis infundibulum*. The two species are found not to compete for food as their feeding habits differ. *P. pileus* remains motionless while it snares larger prey with its long tentacles, whereas *B. infundibulum* draws in a feeding current of water and filters out the smaller, more weakly swimming, tiny zooplankton.

In the North Sea, *P. pileus* makes large daily vertical migrations as do its main copepod prey. They spend the night in upper waters, usually just below the thermocline, descending to deep waters between 80 and 150 metres (260 and 490 ft) in the early morning, and rising again in late afternoon. These migrations do not take place in the winter and at this period, *P. pileus* remains close to the sediment, often with a cessation of movement of the combs of cilia. This change in behaviour may be due to the scarcity of prey in the water column at this time of year. When on or near the sediment, this comb jelly is preyed upon by crustaceans such as the hermit crab *Pagurus bernhardus*, the crab *Carcinus maenas* and the shrimp *Crangon crangon*.

## InfoBox

| *Pleurobrachia pileus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Washed up on the beach | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Ctenophora |
| Class: | Tentaculata |
| Order: | Cydippida |
| Family: | Pleurobrachiidae |
| Genus: | *Pleurobrachia* |
| Species: | ***P. pileus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pleurobrachia pileus***<br>(O. F. Müller, 1776) | |
|


title: Syngenetic permafrost growth

abstract: Syngenetic permafrost growth is a mode of the growth of permafrost whereby additional material is deposited to a permafrost site during freezing conditions, causing the permafrost layer to build upwards. It is cited as an efficient mode of permafrost growth, compared with heterogenetic permafrost growth, which occurs when freezing temperatures penetrate into previously unfrozen ground of uniform composition. Lunardini gives the basic formulas for permafrost generation under both modes. Syngenetic deposition of frozen materials comes from any of a variety of sources, sediment from streams and rivers, material fallen from hillsides, material blown by the wind, and material deposited at the bottom of lakes. Studies of such formations are partly based on observations in the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory tunnel into permafrost near Fairbanks, Alaska. Ice wedges that intrude into cracks in permafrost may be regarded as syngenetic, if they grow upwards.

text:
# Syngenetic permafrost growth

**Syngenetic permafrost growth** is a mode of the growth of permafrost whereby additional material is deposited to a permafrost site during freezing conditions, causing the permafrost layer to build upwards. It is cited as an efficient mode of permafrost growth, compared with heterogenetic permafrost growth, which occurs when freezing temperatures penetrate into previously unfrozen ground of uniform composition. Lunardini gives the basic formulas for permafrost generation under both modes.

Syngenetic deposition of frozen materials comes from any of a variety of sources, sediment from streams and rivers, material fallen from hillsides, material blown by the wind, and material deposited at the bottom of lakes. Studies of such formations are partly based on observations in the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory tunnel into permafrost near Fairbanks, Alaska.

Ice wedges that intrude into cracks in permafrost may be regarded as syngenetic, if they grow upwards.


title: Polystichum proliferum

abstract: Polystichum proliferum, commonly known as mother shield fern is an Australian endemic fern. The genus name Polystichum is derived from Greek poly - many, and stichos - rows referring to the many rows of sori. The species name is derived from Latin, Proli – offspring and fer - bearing referring to the proliferous buds, a prominent feature of the species.

text:
# Polystichum proliferum

***Polystichum proliferum***, commonly known as **mother shield fern** is an Australian endemic fern. The genus name Polystichum is derived from Greek *poly* \- many, and *stichos -* rows referring to the many rows of sori. The species name is derived from Latin, *Proli* – offspring and *fer -* bearing referring to the proliferous buds, a prominent feature of the species.

## Description

*Polystichum proliferum* is a terrestrial fern that can grow to 130 cm in height. The rhizome and frond bases are covered in persistent scales which are glossy brown with pale edges. Fronds can reach up to 100 cm in length and 30 cm wide, are dark green when mature but lighter and paler when young. Sori (spore clusters) occur in rows on either side of the midrib and are covered with by a large umbrella-like indusium (protective covering) hence the common name “mother shield fern”.

## Habitat and distribution

*Polystichum proliferum* is widespread and abundant from sea-level to 1300m a.s.l., but predominantly occurs in the tablelands and ranges of New South Wales, Victoria, Australian Capital Territory and Tasmania. At elevation, *Polystichum proliferum* will occur in amongst boulders and at lower altitudes - in wet forests. The species typically favours gullies and creeks as well as the cooler/moister, southern and eastern facing aspects. *Polystichum proliferum* will however, occur in drier vegetation types such as coastal scrub and dry sclerophyll, due to its hardy characteristics such as the ability to tolerate salt-laden winds and poor soil quality. *Polystichum proliferum* is often associated with *Dicksonia antarctica* gullies, occurring higher up the gullies than *Dicksonia antarctica* and further away from the watercourse. The close association and similar appearance between the two species has often led novice plant to collectors to misidentify *Polystichum proliferum* as *Dicksonia antarctica.*

## Reproduction

*Polystichum proliferum* will propagate vegetatively via proliferous buds or sexually through spores. Vegetative reproduction occurs when bulbils develop at end of the larger fronds grows into small plant. As the weight of the bulbil increases, the frond sags until the bulbil can take root in the soil underneath. This characteristic allows *Polystichum proliferum to* colonise large areas vegetatively, often becoming the dominant ground cover after a disturbance and is a desirable trait for those who cultivate the species in home gardens.

## InfoBox

| Mother shield fern | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **Mother shield fern** from Barrington Tops National Park, Australia | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Polypodiales |
| Suborder: | Polypodiineae |
| Family: | Dryopteridaceae |
| Genus: | *Polystichum* |
| Species: | ***P. proliferum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Polystichum proliferum***<br>(R.Br.) C.Presl | |
|


title: Sergio Badilla Castillo

abstract: Sergio Badilla Castillo is a Chilean poet and the founder of poetic transrealism in contemporary poetry. He is considered the Latin American poet with the broadest Nordic influence, from the Finnish poets, Edith Södergran, Elmer Diktonius, Paavo Haavikko, Pentti Saarikoski and the Swedes Gunnar Ekelöf, Tomas Tranströmer and Lars Gustafsson.

text:
# Sergio Badilla Castillo

**Sergio Badilla Castillo** (born November 30, 1947, in Valparaiso, Chile) is a Chilean poet and the founder of poetic transrealism in contemporary poetry. He is considered the Latin American poet with the broadest Nordic influence, from the Finnish poets, Edith Södergran, Elmer Diktonius, Paavo Haavikko, Pentti Saarikoski and the Swedes Gunnar Ekelöf, Tomas Tranströmer and Lars Gustafsson.

## Life

Badilla Castillo graduated in journalism from the University of Chile in 1972. He graduated also in Methodology of Social Anthropology, from Stockholm University. He worked for nearly 13 years at The Swedish Radio Broadcasting Co, as culture journalist, a concern that would lead later, to his work as a translator of Swedish and Scandinavian poetry, British and American poetry.

His father was a sailor from whom he got his nomadic motivation. Badilla Castillo travelled throughout Europe, North Africa and the Middle East during the 20 years he spent in Scandinavia. He settled for a while also in Romania in 1975, interested in ancient Wallachian and Transylvanian mythology. Badilla worked as a journalist and teacher when he returned to Chile in 1993.

A research on global celebrities done by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, through its Pantheon  project, released in April 2014, shows that the poet Sergio Badilla Castillo occupies 12th position among the most notorious public figures of Chile in the world community. The investigation took into account 11,338 people born between 4000 BC until 2010 D.C. Castillo also appears in the fourth positions amid the most famous Chilean writers of all times.

## Work

In 1973 Badilla's first book of poetry, *Amid the Cement and the Grass,* was published in Valparaiso. Later, in 1980 he published his second book, *Lower from my Branch,* a collection of short stories, in Borås, Sweden, which received very good critical reviews.

Between 1981 and 1987 he published three of his Scandinavian influenced books: *The Dwelling of the Sign,* *Oniric Song* and *Reverberations of Aquatic Stones*. As well being a productive poet during this period he was also a respected translator of Swedish, Finnish, English, French and some Latin poetry. Badilla's initial topics were often tied to mythological or fabled subjects, while many of the poems featured legends. In Sweden, his poems were included in the first anthology of Chilean Poetry published by Bonnier in 1991.

His return from exile to Chile in 1993 marked a change for Badilla Castillo, in that he started to write in a much more autobiographical and manner. In his book *Nordic Saga* he changed his language completely. It was a period of awkward and challenging experimentation, with many legendary subjects derived from the mythological Viking’s Sagas. Badilla Castillo established contact with Rudy Rucker’s transrealism.

In Badilla Castillo's later volumes, such as *The Fearful Gaze of the Bastard* (2003), and Transreal Poems and Some Gospels (2005)), he confronts reality, creating an almost illusory world, where words, time and dimensional changes play a cardinal role in the lyrical frame. His latest poetry is solidly imaginary, using in many respects time dislocations and immediate perceptions of a certain described reality, and filled with admiration for the ordinary world. He now lives in Santiago, and one catches a glimpse of the effect of this South Pacific landscape everywhere in his latest poems, though the environment remains symbolic and individual.

## Bibliography

* *Lower from my Branch Invandrarförlaget.* 1980. Borås. Sweden. (Short stories)
* *Sign’s Dwelling.* Bikupa Editions. 1982. Stockholm. (Poetry)
* *Cantoniric.* LAR Editions. 1983. Madrid. (Poetry)
* *Reverberations Of Aquatic Stones.* Bikupa. 1985. Stockholm. (Poetry)
* *Terrenalis.* Bikupa Editions. 1989. Stockholm. (Poetry)
* *Nordic Saga.* Monteverdi Editions. 1996, Santiago de Chile. (Poetry)
* *The Fearful Gaze of the Bastard.* 2003. Regional Council of Valparaiso. (Poetry)
* *Transrealistic Poems and Some Gospels.* 2005. Aura Latina. Santiago/Stockholm. (Poetry)
* *Transreal City* Meridian Editors. 2009 Smederevo. Serbia. (bilingüal edition) (Poetry)
* *Ville Asiégée* Al Manar. Voix Vives de Méditerraée. July 2010. France (bilingüal edition)(Poetry)
* "Ok Atacama". Pentagrama ediciones. Julio 2010, Santiago de Chile (Poetry)
* "The Medusa's head". Coldhub press. Christchurch. 2012. New Zealand (bilingüal edition) (Poetry)
* "La Biblioteca de Éfeso". Poemas Selectos. Strindberg&Co. 2012. Stockholm/Santiago de Chile.(Poetry)
* "Ghosts & shadows". Coldhub press. Christchurch. 2013. New Zealand (bilingüal edition) (Poetry)
* "Transtierra".. Aura Latina. 2013. Santiago de Chile. (Poetry)

## InfoBox

| Sergio Badilla Castillo | |
| --- | --- |
| Sergio Badilla Castillo at Santiago’s Book Fair 2013 | |
| Born | (1947-11-30) November 30, 1947<br>Valparaíso |
| Occupation | Poet, journalist |
| Language | Spanish (Chilean) |
| Nationality | Chile |


title: Parkhead Viaduct

abstract: Parkhead Viaduct is a railway viaduct in Dudley, West Midlands, England. The original viaduct was a wooden structure erected in 1850 to carry the Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway over Parkhead Locks on the Dudley Canal, near to the southern mouth of the Dudley Tunnel. The current brick viaduct was built in 1880 and it is believed that the original wooden structure is still encased within its successor. Use of the viaduct had fallen by the late 1960s due to the closure of passenger stations on the route, but the line remained open until 19 March 1993, when the section of the railway between Walsall and Brierley Hill was closed. The most recent train believed to have crossed the viaduct was a cable laying train on 1 July 1993, nearly four months after the line's closure. The section of track over Parkhead Viaduct was removed in about 1995, with most of the track between Highgate Road and Blowers Green Road following in 1998 due to the construction of a new road bridge over the line nearby. The structure of the viaduct remained intact after the railway’s closure but fell into disrepair and required major strengthening and refurbishment to carry the Wednesbury to Brierley Hill extension of the West Midlands Metro tram network. The viaduct forms part of the second phase of this route, which is expected to open in either 2025 or 2026.

text:
# Parkhead Viaduct

**Parkhead Viaduct** is a railway viaduct in Dudley, West Midlands, England. The original viaduct was a wooden structure erected in 1850 to carry the Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway over Parkhead Locks on the Dudley Canal, near to the southern mouth of the Dudley Tunnel. The current brick viaduct was built in 1880 and it is believed that the original wooden structure is still encased within its successor.

Use of the viaduct had fallen by the late 1960s due to the closure of passenger stations on the route, but the line remained open until 19 March 1993, when the section of the railway between Walsall and Brierley Hill was closed. The most recent train believed to have crossed the viaduct was a cable laying train on 1 July 1993, nearly four months after the line's closure.

The section of track over Parkhead Viaduct was removed in about 1995, with most of the track between Highgate Road and Blowers Green Road following in 1998 due to the construction of a new road bridge over the line nearby. The structure of the viaduct remained intact after the railway’s closure but fell into disrepair and required major strengthening and refurbishment to carry the Wednesbury to Brierley Hill extension of the West Midlands Metro tram network. The viaduct forms part of the second phase of this route, which is expected to open in either 2025 or 2026.

## InfoBox

| Parkhead Viaduct | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 52°29′55″N 2°05′58″W / 52.498711°N 2.099508°W / 52.498711; -2.099508 |
| Carries | Railway |
| Crosses | Dudley Canal |
| Locale | Dudley, West Midlands |
| Characteristics | |
| Material | Stone |
| History | |
| Construction end | 1880 (1880) |
| Location | |
|  | |


title: Very low-density lipoprotein

abstract: Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), density relative to extracellular water, is a type of lipoprotein made by the liver. VLDL is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins that enable fats and cholesterol to move within the water-based solution of the bloodstream. VLDL is assembled in the liver from triglycerides, cholesterol, and apolipoproteins. VLDL is converted in the bloodstream to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL). VLDL particles have a diameter of 30–80 nanometers (nm). VLDL transports endogenous products, whereas chylomicrons transport exogenous (dietary) products. In the early 2010s both the lipid composition and protein composition of this lipoprotein were characterised in great detail.

text:
# Very low-density lipoprotein

**Very-low-density lipoprotein** (**VLDL**), density relative to extracellular water, is a type of lipoprotein made by the liver. VLDL is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein) that enable fats and cholesterol to move within the water-based solution of the bloodstream. VLDL is assembled in the liver from triglycerides, cholesterol, and apolipoproteins. VLDL is converted in the bloodstream to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL). VLDL particles have a diameter of 30–80 nanometers (nm). VLDL transports endogenous products, whereas chylomicrons transport exogenous (dietary) products. In the early 2010s both the lipid composition and protein composition of this lipoprotein were characterised in great detail.

## Physical properties

Very-low-density lipoprotein size is variable, with diameters ranging from approximately 35 to 70 nm. Some researchers further classify VLDL particles into VLDL1 and VLDL2 based on size (as measured by Svedberg flotation units), where VLDL1 particles are larger and contain more triglycerides, while other researchers create a tripartite system by subdividing VLDL1 into larger VLDL1 and smaller VLDL2 and relabeling VLDL2 as VLDL3.

## Function

Very-low-density lipoproteins transport endogenous triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, and cholesteryl esters. They function as the body's internal transport mechanism for lipids. In addition they can assist in long-range transport of hydrophobic intercellular messengers, like the morphogen Indian hedgehog (protein).

## Changes during circulation

Nascent VLDL released from the liver contains apolipoprotein B100, apolipoprotein C1 (apoC1), apolipoprotein E (apoE), cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, and triglycerides. As it circulates in blood, it picks up apolipoprotein C-II (apoC-II) and additional apoE donated from high-density lipoprotein (HDL). At this point, nascent VLDL becomes a mature VLDL. Once in circulation, VLDL will come in contact with lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the capillary beds in the body (adipose, cardiac, and skeletal muscle). LPL will remove triglycerides from VLDL for storage or energy production. VLDL now meets back up with HDL where apoC-II is transferred back to HDL (but keeps apoE). HDL also transfers cholesteryl esters to the VLDL in exchange for phospholipids and triglycerides via cholesterylester transfer protein (CETP). As more and more triglycerides are removed from the VLDL because of the action of LPL and CETP enzymes, the composition of the molecule changes, and it becomes intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL).

Fifty percent of IDLs are recognized by receptors in the liver cells because of the apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) and apoE they contain and are endocytosed. The other 50% of IDL lose apoE; when their cholesterol content becomes greater than the content of triglyceride, they become LDL, with apoB-100 as the primary apolipoprotein. The LDL is taken into a cell via the LDL receptor via endocytosis, where the contents are either stored, used for cell membrane structure, or converted into other products such as steroid hormones or bile acids.

## Notes and references


title: Seminoe Dam

abstract: Seminoe Dam is a concrete thick-arch dam on the North Platte River in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The dam stores water for irrigation and hydroelectricity generation and is owned and operated by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. It is the uppermost dam on the North Platte River and is located directly upstream from the Kortes Dam. It lies in a narrow, isolated canyon formed by the North Platte cutting through the Seminoe Mountains about 40 miles (64 km) northeast of Rawlins. The 295-foot (90 m) dam forms Seminoe Reservoir, which covers more than 20,000 acres (8,100 ha) when full. Seminoe State Park is adjacent to the reservoir. The small village of Seminoe Dam abuts the dam and reservoir and provides residence for the dam attendants and park services personnel.

text:
# Seminoe Dam

**Seminoe Dam** is a concrete thick-arch dam on the North Platte River in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The dam stores water for irrigation and hydroelectricity generation and is owned and operated by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. It is the uppermost dam on the North Platte River and is located directly upstream from the Kortes Dam. It lies in a narrow, isolated canyon formed by the North Platte cutting through the Seminoe Mountains about 40 miles (64 km) northeast of Rawlins. The 295-foot (90 m) dam forms Seminoe Reservoir, which covers more than 20,000 acres (8,100 ha) when full. Seminoe State Park is adjacent to the reservoir. The small village of Seminoe Dam abuts the dam and reservoir and provides residence for the dam attendants and park services personnel.

## History

This dam was first proposed in the 1930s as part of the Bureau of Reclamation's Kendrick Project, which would regulate the flow of the North Platte River in order to improve agriculture in the valleys surrounding Casper, Wyoming. Originally known as the Casper-Alcova Project, it was authorized by the National Industrial Recovery Act on June 16, 1933 in response to the Great Depression. The project was renamed the Kendrick Project on August 9, 1937 in honor of Wyoming politician John B. Kendrick.

In 1934, Winston Brothers Company and Associates won the construction contract for Seminoe Dam. Groundbreaking of the site was on February 20, 1936, with preliminary blasting and excavations. The diversion tunnel for the North Platte was completed on January 17, 1937, with one fatality, and by May of that year, a cofferdam was completed to a sufficient height to divert the river into the new channel. Concrete pouring began on January 19, 1938, and the last bucket was emptied on December 21, 1938. Water storage began on April 2, 1939, when the outlet tunnels were closed. The dam's power station was finished and the entire project was declared operational on August 3, 1939. A total of two deaths and several serious injuries resulted from the construction, and a pair of active faults that cut across the canyon near the dam site had to be excavated and filled in.

On March 25, 1969, a helicopter experienced engine problems and crashed into the rocky canyon near Seminoe dam killing Bureau of Reclamation employees David McMillan and Howard Leroy Gates. (Altoona Mirror, April 21, 1969)

When the project was first completed, it delivered water to just 600 acres (240 ha), but has progressed steadily, and by 1980 supplied irrigation water to 22,581 acres (9,138 ha) in the Casper valley.

A $2.5 billion 900 MW / 9 GWh (10-hour) pumped-storage hydroelectricity plant is scheduled to use Seminoe reservoir as the lower reservoir, and a new dam and reservoir as the upper.

## Recreation

The Seminoe Reservoir is stocked with fish by the Wyoming Game and Fish Commission, and is open to boating and fishing, although access to the shoreline is limited and sometimes difficult due to the lack of development and distance from major cities.

## InfoBox

| Seminoe Dam | |
| --- | --- |
| Spillways full open following heavy snowmelt, June 2011 | |
| Location of Seminoe Dam in Wyoming | |
| Country | United States |
| Location | Carbon County, Wyoming |
| Coordinates | 42°09′21″N 106°54′30″W / 42.15583°N 106.90833°W / 42.15583; -106.90833 |
| Status | In use |
| Construction began | 1936 |
| Opening date | 1939 |
| Owner(s) | U.S. Bureau of Reclamation |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Concrete thick gravity-arch |
| Impounds | North Platte River |
| Height | 295 ft (90 m) |
| Length | 530 ft (160 m) |
| Width (crest) | 15 ft (4.6 m) |
| Width (base) | 85 ft (26 m) |
| Dam volume | 210,000 cu yd (160,000 m3) |
| Spillways | 1 |
| Spillway type | Gated concrete tunnel |
| Spillway capacity | 48,500 cu ft/s (1,370 m3/s) |
| Reservoir | |
| Creates | Seminoe Reservoir |
| Total capacity | 1,017,279 acre⋅ft (1.254795×109 m3) |
| Catchment area | 7,210 sq mi (18,700 km2) |
| Surface area | 20,291 acres (8,211 ha) |
| Maximum water depth | 206 ft (63 m) |
| Power Station | |
| Hydraulic head | 166 ft (51 m) |
| Turbines | 3x 15 MW |
| Installed capacity | 45 MW |
| Annual generation | 96,406,970 KWh (2007) |


title: Podłatki Duże

abstract: Podłatki Duże is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kołaki Kościelne, within Zambrów County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of Zambrów and 59 km (37 mi) west of the regional capital Białystok.

text:
# Podłatki Duże

**Podłatki Duże** \[pɔdˈwatki ˈduʐɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kołaki Kościelne, within Zambrów County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of Zambrów and 59 km (37 mi) west of the regional capital Białystok.

## InfoBox

| Podłatki Duże | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Podłatki Duże | |
| Coordinates: 53°3′N 22°18′E / 53.050°N 22.300°E / 53.050; 22.300 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Podlaskie |
| County | Zambrów |
| Gmina | Kołaki Kościelne |


title: Don Hiney

abstract: Don Hiney was a Canadian football player who played for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. He played college football at the University of North Dakota.

text:
# Don Hiney

**Don Hiney** was a Canadian football player who played for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. He played college football at the University of North Dakota.

## InfoBox

Don Hiney
| Career information | |
| --- | --- |
| CFL status | American |
| Position(s) | , HB, QB |
| Height | 5 ft 11 in (180 cm) |
| Weight | 165 lb (75 kg) |
| College | North Dakota |
| Career history | |
| As player | |
| 19461949 | Winnipeg Blue Bombers |
|  | |


title: The Partland Brothers

abstract: The Partland Brothers are a Canadian pop/rock band, best known for their 1986 hit single "Soul City". Originally fronted by brothers Chris and G. P. Partland with supporting session musicians, more recently they have recorded and performed as a trio with their brother Robin Partland.

text:
# The Partland Brothers

**The Partland Brothers** are a Canadian pop/rock band, best known for their 1986 hit single "Soul City". Originally fronted by brothers Chris and G. P. Partland with supporting session musicians, more recently they have recorded and performed as a trio with their brother Robin Partland.

## Biography

Originally from the small community of Colgan in Ontario's Simcoe County, they played in area bands before moving their act to Toronto in 1979 and forming Oliver Heavyside. In 1982, they entered and won the “Q107 Homegrown” contest, which attracted the attention of Capitol Records.

Their first album as the Partland Brothers, *Electric Honey*, was released in 1986. It was described by *Cashbox* as an "appealing exercise in pop/rock", and reached number 146 on the *Billboard* 200. The single "Soul City", a soaring anthem featuring the brothers' distinctive close-harmony vocals which saw them compared to a more contemporary version of The Righteous Brothers, was a Top 40 hit in both Canada and the United States. This success earned them tours with The Moody Blues and The Beach Boys in the United States, as well as headline gigs of their own at home in Canada and television appearances on *American Bandstand* and *The Late Show with Arsenio Hall*.

Their live band engaged seasoned live performers, including Tom Lewis (bass), John Bride (guitar), Richard Evans (keyboards), Greg Critchley (drums), and Mike Skinner (sax). Produced by Vini Poncia, the album was reissued in 1987 with the Jim Vallance-produced new song "One Chance", which is still played on many adult radio stations today. That same year, their song "Outside the City" was featured in the horror film *Hello Mary Lou: Prom Night II*.

At the Juno Awards of 1987, they received a nomination for Most Promising New Group.

Management struggles ensued, and it took until 1990 for them to record and release their second album, *Between Worlds*. The album was supported with a smaller-scale Canadian tour.

It was another three years and a label change before their next studio album, *Part Land, Part Water*, was released on Kinetic Records. *Part Land, Part Water* was recorded at Metalworks Studios in Mississauga. Production was given over to Ken Greer, who also played lead guitars, pedal steel, mandolin, bass, and all keyboards on the album. Occasional dates ensued, but the band chose to stay close to home rather than tackling an all-out tour.

Following *Part Land, Part Water*, the band were relatively inactive for a number of years until 2002, when they performed at a Ronnie Hawkins tribute show at Massey Hall. Afterward they returned to touring as an opening act for Hawkins, and performed at various benefit concerts before relaunching their own tour of Southern Ontario. In 2009, they released *This Is Who I Am*, their first album of new material since *Part Land, Part Water*. The album included "That's My Home", a charity single the band recorded as a benefit for the Canadian Forces Military Families Fund. They followed up in 2010 with *Every Now...and Again*, a compilation of songs from throughout their career.

In recent years, Chris Partland has played a number of shows in the Greater Toronto Area as a solo artist. In 2016 he attributed the band's lack of activity to one of his brothers recently having lost two fingers in an accident, but stated that the band still planned to return to performing in the future.

## Members

## Discography

### Studio albums

* *Electric Honey* (1986)
* *Between Worlds* (1990)
* *Part Land, Part Water* (1993)
* *This Is Who I Am* (2009)

### Compilation albums

* *Every Now... And Again* (2010)

### Singles

| Title | Release | Peak chart positions | |
Album

 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | CAN | US | |
| "Soul City" | 1986 | 25 | 27 | *Electric Honey* |
| "Electric Honey" | 1987 | ? | |  |
| | "One Chance" | ? | |  |
| "Honest Man" | 1990 | 24 |  | *Between Worlds* |
| "Lift Me Up" | 1993 | 38 |  | *Part Land Part Water* |
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| The Partland Brothers | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Colgan, Ontario, Canada |
| Genres | Pop rock |
| Years active | 1979–present |
| Labels | Capitol Records, Kinetic Records, Manhattan Records |
|  | |
| Members | G.P. Partland
Chris Partland
Robin Partland |
|  | |
| Past members | Tom Lewis
John Bride
Richard Evans
Greg Critchley
Mike Skinner |
|  | |
| Website | http://www.thepartlandbrothers.com/ |


title: The Partisan (film)

abstract: The Partisan is a 2024 biographical spy thriller film directed and written by James Marquand. The film stars Morgane Polanski as a Polish agent of the British Special Operations Executive during the Second World War, Krystyna Skarbek. It also starring Frederick Schmidt, Agata Kulesza, Ingvar Sigurdsson and Malcolm McDowell. It premiered at the Gdynia Polish Film Festival on 27 September 2024, and is set to be released by Signature Entertainment in United Kingdom.

text:
# The Partisan (film)

***The Partisan*** is a 2024 biographical spy thriller film directed and written by James Marquand. The film stars Morgane Polanski as a Polish agent of the British Special Operations Executive during the Second World War, Krystyna Skarbek. It also starring Frederick Schmidt, Agata Kulesza, Ingvar Sigurdsson and Malcolm McDowell. It premiered at the Gdynia Polish Film Festival on 27 September 2024, and is set to be released by Signature Entertainment in United Kingdom.

## Cast

## Production

Principal photography began in October 2022 in Warsaw. Morgane Polanski, Frederick Schmidt, Agata Kulesza, Ingvar Sigurdsson and Malcolm McDowell was cast in main roles while £7.5 million project supported by Polish Film Institute and Ministry of Culture and National Heritage. Some scenes was filmed in France, Lublin, Tatra Mountains, and completed in late May 2023 in Bystrzyca Kłodzka and Stołowe Mountains. In May 2023, in was reported that Signature Entertainment acquired the rights of the film for release in United Kingdom.

## InfoBox

| The Partisan | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | James Marquand |
| Written by | James Marquand |
| Produced by | Robert Chadaj
Krystian Kozlowski
Mathew Whyte |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Karol Lakomiec |
| Edited by | Przemyslaw Chruscielewski |
| Production
companies |  |
| Distributed by | Signature Entertainment |
| Release date |  |
| Countries | Poland
France
United Kingdom |
| Language | English |
| Budget | £7.5 million |


title: Donji Hasić

abstract: Donji Hasić is a village in the municipality of Šamac.

text:
# Donji Hasić

**Donji Hasić** (Serbian Cyrillic: Доњи Хасић) is a village in the municipality of Šamac.

45°02′N 18°28′E / 45.033°N 18.467°E / 45.033; 18.467

## InfoBox

| Donji Hasić Доњи Хасић (Serbian) | |
| --- | --- |
| Village (Selo) | |
| Donji Hasić | |
| Coordinates: 45°02′N 18°28′E / 45.033°N 18.467°E / 45.033; 18.467 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Republika Srpska |
| Municipality | Šamac |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Donji Javoranj

abstract: Donji Javoranj is a village in Croatia.

text:
# Donji Javoranj

**Donji Javoranj**  (Serbian Cyrillic: Доњи Јаворањ) is a village in Croatia.

## InfoBox

| Donji Javoranj Доњи Јаворањ (in Serbian) | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Donji Javoranj | |
| Coordinates: 45°7′1.77″N 16°21′49.34″E / 45.1171583°N 16.3637056°E / 45.1171583; 16.3637056 | |
| Country | Croatia |
| Region | Continental Croatia (Banovina) |
| County | Sisak-Moslavina |
| Municipality | Dvor |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.4 sq mi (8.8 km2) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 50 |
| Density | 15/sq mi (5.7/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |