title: Channel 37

abstract: Channel 37 is an intentionally unused ultra-high frequency (UHF) television broadcasting channel by countries in most of ITU region 2 such as the United States, Canada, Mexico and Brazil. The frequency range allocated to this channel is important for radio astronomy, so all broadcasting is prohibited within a window of frequencies centred typically on 611 MHz. Similar reservations exist in portions of the Eurasian and Asian regions, although the channel numbering varies.

text:
# Channel 37

**Channel 37** is an intentionally unused ultra-high frequency (UHF) television broadcasting channel by countries in most of ITU region 2 such as the United States, Canada, Mexico and Brazil. The frequency range allocated to this channel is important for radio astronomy, so all broadcasting is prohibited within a window of frequencies centred typically on 611 MHz. Similar reservations exist in portions of the Eurasian and Asian regions, although the channel numbering varies.

## History

Channel 37 in System M and N countries occupied a band of UHF frequencies from 608 to 614 MHz. This band is particularly important to radio astronomy because it allows observation in a region of the spectrum in between the dedicated frequency allocations near 410 MHz and 1.4 GHz. The area reserved or unused differs from nation to nation and region to region (as for example the EU and British Isles have slightly different reserved frequency areas).

One radio astronomy application in this band is for very-long-baseline interferometry.

When UHF channels were being allocated in the United States in 1952, channel 37 was assigned to 18 communities across the country. One of them, Valdosta, Georgia, featured the only construction permit ever issued for channel 37: WGOV-TV, owned by Eurith Dickenson "Dee" Rivers Jr., son of the former governor of Georgia (hence the call letters). Rivers received the CP on February 26, 1953, but WGOV-TV never made it to the air; on October 28, 1955, they requested an allocation on channel 8, but the petition was denied.

In 1963, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) adopted a 10-year moratorium on any allocation of stations to Channel 37. A new ban on such stations took effect at the beginning of 1974, and was made permanent by a number of later FCC actions. As a result of this, and similar actions by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, Channel 37 has never been used by any over-the-air television station in Canada or the United States.

The 2016-2021 repack left no North American stations above UHF 36.

The low-power WNWT-LD in New York was given virtual channel 37 in August 2019, thus becoming the first American station to be so assigned via the digital television PSIP standard. While the channel is displayed as "37.1" or "37-1" on a digital television set, WNWT-LD's physical signal remains on VHF channel 3, causing no interference.

## Allocation issues

Reservations and use outside the US have a non-exclusive legal status

* The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) enacted such a ban on Channel 37, but radio astronomy has no exclusive status on this channel.
* Mexico observes a similar ban on the use of this TV channel, but the allocation, like Canada's, is not exclusive.
* Guatemala has a ban on Channel 37.
* The Bahamas has a similar ban to Canada's on Channel 37.
* Belize has an absolute ban on Channel 37.
* Most NTSC System-M countries have an informal ban on Channel 37 as well but give radio astronomy no exclusive use of the channel.

The 2016-2021 repack left no US, Canadian, and Mexican OTA TV broadcasters above UHF 36. Many small-market rebroadcasters were taken dark by their corporate owners. This left former UHF 38–83 in the hands of cellular telephone and land-mobile operators, with UHF 14-36 as the main OTA TV broadcast band and UHF 37 as a vacant guardband.

Since July 2000, Channel 37 may be used in the US for medical telemetry equipment on a co-primary basis. The equipment must emit no more than one watt of effective radiated power and is for use in hospitals and other such facilities.

* The power level permitted by the FCC is many times more than the amount allowed for Part 15 unlicensed broadcasting.
* In US areas set aside for radio-frequency silence, the equipment is banned by statute and regulation.
* The seemingly-low power level can be troublesome for radio astronomy equipment, which depends on detecting extraordinarily low signal strengths. Any use of the same frequencies raises the noise floor, thereby decreasing the signal-to-noise ratio and making the work more difficult.

Channel 1 was also removed from the TV bandplan in the late 1940s, channels 70 to 83 (800 MHz band) by the 1980s mainly for cellular telephone and trunked two-way land mobile radio systems and, in June 2009, channels 52 to 69 (700 MHz band) for mobile phones, emergency services and mobile TV services such as Qualcomm's now-defunct MediaFLO (channel 55). Additional channels from 38 to 51 (600 MHz band) were auctioned in early 2017, leaving channel 37 as a guard band between repacked TV stations and more mobile networks, for which T-Mobile US won most of the licenses.

Certain channels, 14 through 20, are used for land mobile communications in some large metropolitan areas in the U.S. However, facilities using this decades-old co-allocation are treated as just another station to avoid interference to in their local area.

The channels displayed by cable converter boxes under these numbers are not on the same frequencies as their over-the-air counterparts; there are also virtual channel numbering schemes in use in digital television which do not map directly to fixed frequency channel assignments. As such, a "cable 37" channel may (and most often does) exist, but on a much lower frequency.

## Outside North America

### In NTSC-M countries

Outside North America, channel 37 is actively used in these countries where NTSC-M is used:

### In other countries

In these other countries, the frequency allocation for these TV channels is different:

* in the UK (many transmitters used by the Five network actually broadcast in the past on PAL channel 37; as mentioned below, it was previously used as a local device output channel before Five's launch, and the network had to provide service regarding re-tunes of those devices to a new channel at no cost to the viewer).
* in Western Europe, Channel 37 is used fairly widely as a relay transmitter frequency.
* In Malaysia, NTV7 broadcast in PAL on CCIR Channel 37 (599.25 MHz) prior to analog shutdown. Currently the frequency is not in use.
* In Indonesia, Channel 37 UHF has been used by many analog terrestrial networks depending on its location, such as MNCTV for the Jakarta metropolitan area, tvOne for Medan, GTV for Semarang, TVRI for Makassar, and Metro TV for Denpasar, while in digital, the frequency now used as multiplexing by Emtek in Samarinda and MNC Group in Mamuju.

Channel 37 is not the same frequency as it is in the countries using the System-M/N standard. At least in the UK, 606–614 MHz is reserved for radio astronomy.

The UK's namesake "Channel 37", while different in frequency, was formerly part of a small group of channels reserved for non-broadcast purposes such as RF modulators for output devices such as game consoles and videocassette recorders. The UK-named 34-37 channel range is no longer reserved in this manner.

In Japan, UHF television channel frequencies are offset by one channel compared to North American channel naming convention. Japan's channel 36 is in use by TV Asahi in some regions.

## Global UHF TV allocation table (605–615 MHz)

This Radio Astronomy Allocation is between the following wavelengths:

* 605 MHz = 0.49552 m = 49.55 cm
* 615 MHz = 0.48747 m = 48.75 cm
* Assume either a 100 kHz or a 250 kHz guardband with respect to this allocation.

DVB-T adoption note : The tables above are not accurate for nations that have adopted DVB-T. The frequencies for audio and video are merged with DVB terrestrial television. The new DVB frequencies are rounded off to an even number in MHz as a general rule.

## National arrangements for radio astronomy different from ITU-R

National arrangements for radio astronomy different from ITU-R Radio Regulations

Central & Western Europe

* Austria: no allocation - only mention of No. 5.149
* Bulgaria: no allocation
* Belgium: assignment to radio astronomy (shared with active services)
* Finland: no allocation
* Estonia: no allocation
* Iceland: no allocation
* Liechtenstein: no allocation
* Luxembourg: no allocation
* Netherlands: primary status
* Portugal: no allocation
* Spain: no allocation
* Sweden: no allocation
* United Kingdom: no reference to No. 5.149

Rest of World

* Armenia: no allocation
* Russian Federation: no allocation
* Turkey: no allocation
* New Zealand, Maori TV and others (not allocated to Radio Astronomy at all)

1. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-03-10. Retrieved 2010-08-12.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
2. History of UHF television: Why Is There No Channel 37?
3. Belize National Frequency Spectrum Band Allocation Plan; retrieved February 20, 2019.
4. five analogue reception issues Archived April 6, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, tinsleyviaduct.com
5. Both channel 37 and channel 38, which covers the relevant frequency range in Turkey, are being used by TV stations. "Karasal Yayın Frekans / Kanal Sorgulama" (in Turkish). Retrieved 1 April 2021.

North America

Rest of World


title: Up-and-down design

abstract: Up-and-down designs (UDDs) are a family of statistical experiment designs used in dose-finding experiments in science, engineering, and medical research. Dose-finding experiments have binary responses: each individual outcome can be described as one of two possible values, such as success vs. failure or toxic vs. non-toxic. Mathematically the binary responses are coded as 1 and 0. The goal of dose-finding experiments is to estimate the strength of treatment that would trigger the "1" response a pre-specified proportion of the time. This dose can be envisioned as a percentile of the distribution of response thresholds. An example where dose-finding is used is in an experiment to estimate the LD50 of some toxic chemical with respect to mice. Dose-finding designs are sequential and response-adaptive: the dose at a given point in the experiment depends upon previous outcomes, rather than be fixed a priori. Dose-finding designs are generally more efficient for this task than fixed designs, but their properties are harder to analyze, and some require specialized design software. UDDs use a discrete set of doses rather than vary the dose continuously. They are relatively simple to implement, and are also among the best understood dose-finding designs. Despite this simplicity, UDDs generate random walks with intricate properties. The original UDD aimed to find the median threshold by increasing the dose one level after a "0" response, and decreasing it one level after a "1" response. Hence the name "up-and-down". Other UDDs break this symmetry in order to estimate percentiles other than the median, or are able to treat groups of subjects rather than one at a time. UDDs were developed in the 1940s by several research groups independently. The 1950s and 1960s saw rapid diversification with UDDs targeting percentiles other than the median, and expanding into numerous applied fields. The 1970s to early 1990s saw little UDD methods research, even as the design continued to be used extensively. A revival of UDD research since the 1990s has provided deeper understanding of UDDs and their properties, and new and better estimation methods. UDDs are still used extensively in the two applications for which they were originally developed: psychophysics where they are used to estimate sensory thresholds and are often known as fixed forced-choice staircase procedures, and explosive sensitivity testing, where the median-targeting UDD is often known as the Bruceton test. UDDs are also very popular in toxicity and anesthesiology research. They are also considered a viable choice for Phase I clinical trials.

text:
# Up-and-down design

**Up-and-down designs (UDDs)** are a family of statistical experiment designs used in dose-finding experiments in science, engineering, and medical research. Dose-finding experiments have *binary responses*: each individual outcome can be described as one of two possible values, such as success vs. failure or toxic vs. non-toxic. Mathematically the binary responses are coded as 1 and 0. The goal of dose-finding experiments is to estimate the strength of treatment (i.e., the "dose") that would trigger the "1" response a pre-specified proportion of the time. This dose can be envisioned as a percentile of the distribution of response thresholds. An example where dose-finding is used is in an experiment to estimate the LD50 of some toxic chemical with respect to mice.

Dose-finding designs are sequential and response-adaptive: the dose at a given point in the experiment depends upon previous outcomes, rather than be fixed *a priori*. Dose-finding designs are generally more efficient for this task than fixed designs, but their properties are harder to analyze, and some require specialized design software. UDDs use a discrete set of doses rather than vary the dose continuously. They are relatively simple to implement, and are also among the best understood dose-finding designs. Despite this simplicity, UDDs generate random walks with intricate properties. The original UDD aimed to find the median threshold by increasing the dose one level after a "0" response, and decreasing it one level after a "1" response. Hence the name "up-and-down". Other UDDs break this symmetry in order to estimate percentiles other than the median, or are able to treat groups of subjects rather than one at a time.

UDDs were developed in the 1940s by several research groups independently. The 1950s and 1960s saw rapid diversification with UDDs targeting percentiles other than the median, and expanding into numerous applied fields. The 1970s to early 1990s saw little UDD methods research, even as the design continued to be used extensively. A revival of UDD research since the 1990s has provided deeper understanding of UDDs and their properties, and new and better estimation methods.

UDDs are still used extensively in the two applications for which they were originally developed: psychophysics where they are used to estimate sensory thresholds and are often known as fixed forced-choice staircase procedures, and explosive sensitivity testing, where the median-targeting UDD is often known as the Bruceton test. UDDs are also very popular in toxicity and anesthesiology research. They are also considered a viable choice for Phase I clinical trials.

## Mathematical description

### Definition

Let $n$ be the sample size of a UDD experiment, and assuming for now that subjects are treated one at a time. Then the doses these subjects receive, denoted as random variables $X\_{1},\ldots ,X\_{n}$, are chosen from a discrete, finite set of $M$ increasing *dose levels* $\mathcal {X}=\left\\{d\_{1},\ldots ,d\_{M}:\ d\_{1}\<\cdots \<d\_{M}\right\\}.$ Furthermore, if $X\_{i}=d\_{m}$, then $X\_{i+1}\in \\{d\_{m-1},d\_{m},d\_{m+1}\\},$ according to simple constant rules based on recent responses. The next subject must be treated one level up, one level down, or at the same level as the current subject. The responses themselves are denoted $Y\_{1},\ldots ,Y\_{n}\in \left\\{0,1\right\\};$ hereafter the "1" responses are positive and "0" negative. The repeated application of the same rules (known as *dose-transition rules*) over a finite set of dose levels, turns $X\_{1},\ldots ,X\_{n}$ into a random walk over $\mathcal {X}$. Different dose-transition rules produce different UDD "flavors", such as the three shown in the figure above.

Despite the experiment using only a discrete set of dose levels, the dose-magnitude variable itself, $x$, is assumed to be continuous, and the probability of positive response is assumed to increase continuously with increasing $x$. The goal of dose-finding experiments is to estimate the dose $x$ (on a continuous scale) that would trigger positive responses at a pre-specified target rate $\Gamma =P\left\\{Y=1\mid X=x\right\\},\ \ \Gamma \in (0,1)$; often known as the "target dose". This problem can be also expressed as estimation of the quantile $F^{-1}(\Gamma )$ of a cumulative distribution function describing the dose-toxicity curve $F(x)$. The density function $f(x)$ associated with $F(x)$ is interpretable as the distribution of *response thresholds* of the population under study.

### Transition probability matrix

Given that a subject receives dose $d\_{m}$, denote the probability that the next subject receives dose $d\_{m-1},d\_{m}$, or $d\_{m+1}$, as $p\_{m,m-1},p\_{mm}$ or $p\_{m,m+1}$, respectively. These *transition probabilities* obey the constraints $p\_{m,m-1}+p\_{mm}+p\_{m,m+1}=1$ and the boundary conditions $p\_{1,0}=p\_{M,M+1}=0$.

Each specific set of UDD rules enables the symbolic calculation of these probabilities, usually as a function of $F(x)$. Assuming that transition probabilities are fixed in time, depending only upon the current allocation and its outcome, i.e., upon $\left(X\_{i},Y\_{i}\right)$ and through them upon $F(x)$ (and possibly on a set of fixed parameters). The probabilities are then best represented via a tri-diagonal transition probability matrix (TPM) $\mathbf {P} $:

$\bf {{P}=\left({\begin{array}{cccccc}p\_{11}&p\_{12}&0&\cdots &\cdots &0\\p\_{21}&p\_{22}&p\_{23}&0&\ddots &\vdots \\0&\ddots &\ddots &\ddots &\ddots &\vdots \\\vdots &\ddots &\ddots &\ddots &\ddots &0\\\vdots &\ddots &0&p\_{M-1,M-2}&p\_{M-1,M-1}&p\_{M-1,M}\\0&\cdots &\cdots &0&p\_{M,M-1}&p\_{MM}\\\end{array}\right).}}$

### Balance point

Usually, UDD dose-transition rules bring the dose down (or at least bar it from escalating) after positive responses, and vice versa. Therefore, UDD random walks have a central tendency: dose assignments tend to meander back and forth around some dose $x^{\*}$ that can be calculated from the transition rules, when those are expressed as a function of $F(x)$. This dose has often been confused with the experiment's formal target $F^{-1}(\Gamma )$, and the two are often identical - but they do not have to be. The target is the dose that the experiment is tasked with estimating, while $x^{\*}$, known as the "balance point", is approximately where the UDD's random walk revolves around.

### Stationary distribution of dose allocations

Since UDD random walks are regular Markov chains, they generate a stationary distribution of dose allocations, $\pi $, once the effect of the manually-chosen starting dose wears off. This means, long-term visit frequencies to the various doses will approximate a steady state described by $\pi $. According to Markov chain theory the starting-dose effect wears off rather quickly, at a geometric rate. Numerical studies suggest that it would typically take between $2/M$ and $4/M$ subjects for the effect to wear off nearly completely. $\pi $ is also the asymptotic distribution of cumulative dose allocations.

UDDs' central tendencies ensure that long-term, the most frequently visited dose (i.e., the mode of $\pi $) will be one of the two doses closest to the balance point $x^{\*}$. If $x^{\*}$ is outside the range of allowed doses, then the mode will be on the boundary dose closest to it. Under the original median-finding UDD, the mode will be at the closest dose to $x^{\*}$ in any case. Away from the mode, asymptotic visit frequencies decrease sharply, at a faster-than-geometric rate. Even though a UDD experiment is still a random walk, long excursions away from the region of interest are very unlikely.

## Common UDDs

### Original ("simple" or "classical") UDD

The original "simple" or "classical" UDD moves the dose up one level upon a negative response, and vice versa. Therefore, the transition probabilities are $\begin{array}{rl}p\_{m,m+1}&=P\\{Y\_{i}=0|X\_{i}=d\_{m}\\}=1-F(d\_{m});\\p\_{m,m-1}&=P\\{Y\_{i}=1|X\_{i}=d\_{m}\\}=F(d\_{m}).\end{array}$

We use the original UDD as an example for calculating the balance point $x^{\*}$. The design's 'up', 'down' functions are $p(x)=1-F(x),q(x)=F(x).$ We equate them to find $F^{\*}$: $1-F^{\*}=F^{\*}\ \longrightarrow \ F^{\*}=0.5.$ The "classical" UDD is designed to find the median threshold. This is a case where $F^{\*}=\Gamma .$

The "classical" UDD can be seen as a special case of each of the more versatile designs described below.

### Durham and Flournoy's biased coin design

This UDD shifts the balance point, by adding the option of treating the next subject at the same dose rather than move only up or down. Whether to stay is determined by a random toss of a metaphoric "coin" with probability $b=P\\{{\textrm {heads}\\}.}$ This biased-coin design (BCD) has two "flavors", one for $F^{\*}\>0.5$ and one for $F^{\*}\<0.5,$ whose rules are shown below:

$X\_{i+1}={\begin{array}{ll}d\_{m+1}&{\textrm {if}\ \ Y\_{i}=0\ \ \\&\ \ {\textrm {'heads'};\\d\_{m-1}&{\textrm {if}\ \ Y\\\_i=1;\\d\_{m}&{\textrm {if}\ \ Y\_{i}=0\ \ \\&\ \ {\textrm {'tails'}.\\\end{array}}}}}}}$

The heads probability $b$ can take any value in $\[0,1\]$. The balance point is $\begin{array}{rcl}b\left(1-F^{\*}\right)&=&F^{\*}\\F^{\*}&=&{\frac {b}{1+b}\in \[0,0.5\].\end{array}}$

The BCD balance point can made identical to a target rate $F^{-1}(\Gamma )$ by setting the heads probability to $b=\Gamma /(1-\Gamma )$. For example, for $\Gamma =0.3$ set $b=3/7$. Setting $b=1$ makes this design identical to the classical UDD, and inverting the rules by imposing the coin toss upon positive rather than negative outcomes, produces above-median balance points. Versions with two coins, one for each outcome, have also been published, but they do not seem to offer an advantage over the simpler single-coin BCD.

### Group (cohort) UDDs

Some dose-finding experiments, such as phase I trials, require a waiting period of weeks before determining each individual outcome. It may preferable then, to be able treat several subjects at once or in rapid succession. With group UDDs, the transition rules apply rules to cohorts of fixed size $s$ rather than to individuals. $X\_{i}$ becomes the dose given to cohort $i$, and $Y\_{i}$ is the number of positive responses in the $i$-th cohort, rather than a binary outcome. Given that the $i$-th cohort is treated at $X\_{i}=d\_{m}$ on the interior of $\mathcal {X}$ the $i+1$-th cohort is assigned to

$X\_{i+1}={\begin{cases}d\_{m+1}&{\textrm {if}\ \ Y\_{i}\leq l;\\d\_{m-1}&{\textrm {if}\ \ Y\_{i}\geq u;\\d\_{m}&{\textrm {if}\ \ l\<Y\_{i}\<u.\end{cases}}}}}$

$Y\_{i}$ follow a binomial distribution conditional on $X\_{i}$, with parameters $s$ and $F(X\_{i})$. The up and down probabilities are the binomial distribution's tails, and the stay probability its center (it is zero if $u=l+1$). A specific choice of parameters can be abbreviated as GUD $\_{(s,l,u)}.$

Nominally, group UDDs generate $s$-order random walks, since the $s$ most recent observations are needed to determine the next allocation. However, with cohorts viewed as single mathematical entities, these designs generate a first-order random walk having a tri-diagonal TPM as above. Some relevant group UDD subfamilies:

* Symmetric designs with $l+u=s$ (e.g., GUD $\_{(2,0,2)}$) target the median.
* The family GUD $\_{(s,0,1)},$ encountered in toxicity studies, allows escalation only with zero positive responses, and de-escalate upon any positive response. The escalation probability at $x$ is $\left(1-F(x)\right)^{s},$ and since this design does not allow for remaining at the same dose, at the balance point it will be exactly $1/2$. Therefore,

$F^{\*}=1-\left({\frac {1}{2}\right)^{1/s}.}$

With $s=2,3,4$ would be associated with $F^{\*}\approx 0.293,0.206$ and $0.159$, respectively. The mirror-image family GUD $\_{(s,s-1,s)}$ has its balance points at one minus these probabilities.

For general group UDDs, the balance point can be calculated only numerically, by finding the dose $x^{\*}$ with toxicity rate $F^{\*}$ such that

$\sum \_{r=u}^{s}\left({\begin{array}{c}s\\r\\\end{array}\right)\left(F^{\*}\right)^{r}(1-F^{\*})^{s-r}=\sum \_{t=0}^{l}\left({\begin{array}{c}s\\t\\\end{array}\right)\left(F^{\*}\right)^{t}(1-F^{\*})^{s-t}.}}$

Any numerical root-finding algorithm, e.g., Newton–Raphson, can be used to solve for $F^{\*}$.

### $k$-in-a-row (or "transformed" or "geometric") UDD

This is the most commonly used non-median UDD. It was introduced by Wetherill in 1963, and proliferated by him and colleagues shortly thereafter to psychophysics, where it remains one of the standard methods to find sensory thresholds. Wetherill called it "transformed" UDD; Misrak Gezmu who was the first to analyze its random-walk properties, called it "Geometric" UDD in the 1990s; and in the 2000s the more straightforward name " $k$-in-a-row" UDD was adopted. The design's rules are deceptively simple:

$X\_{i+1}={\begin{cases}d\_{m+1}&{\textrm {if}\ \ Y\_{i-k+1}=\cdots =Y\_{i}=0,\ \ {\textrm {all}\ {\textrm {observed}\ {\textrm {at}\ \ d\_{m};\\d\_{m-1}&{\textrm {if}\ \ Y\_{i}=1;\\d\_{m}&{\textrm {otherwise},\end{cases}}}}}}}}$

Every dose escalation requires $k$ non-toxicities observed on consecutive data points, all at the current dose, while de-escalation only requires a single toxicity. It closely resembles GUD $\_{(s,0,1)}$ described above, and indeed shares the same balance point. The difference is that $k$-in-a-row can bail out of a dose level upon the first toxicity, whereas its group UDD sibling might treat the entire cohort at once, and therefore might see more than one toxicity before descending.

The method used in sensory studies is actually the mirror-image of the one defined above, with $k$ successive responses required for a de-escalation and only one non-response for escalation, yielding $F^{\*}\approx 0.707,0.794,0.841,\ldots $ for $k=2,3,4,\ldots $.

$k$-in-a-row generates a $k$-th order random walk because knowledge of the last $k$ responses might be needed. It can be represented as a first-order chain with $Mk$ states, or as a Markov chain with $M$ levels, each having $k$ *internal states* labeled $0$ to $k-1$ The internal state serves as a counter of the number of immediately recent consecutive non-toxicities observed at the current dose. This description is closer to the physical dose-allocation process, because subjects at different internal states of the level $m$, are all assigned the same dose $d\_{m}$. Either way, the TPM is $Mk\times Mk$ (or more precisely, $\left\[(M-1)k+1)\right\]\times \left\[(M-1)k+1)\right\]$, because the internal counter is meaningless at the highest dose) - and it is not tridiagonal.

Here is the expanded $k$-in-a-row TPM with $k=2$ and $M=5$, using the abbreviation $F\_{m}\equiv F\left(d\_{m}\right).$ Each level's internal states are adjacent to each other.

$$\begin{bmatrix}F\_{1}&1-F\_{1}&0&0&0&0&0&0&0\\F\_{1}&0&1-F\_{1}&0&0&0&0&0&0\\F\_{2}&0&0&1-F\_{2}&0&0&0&0&0\\F\_{2}&0&0&0&1-F\_{2}&0&0&0&0\\0&0&F\_{3}&0&0&1-F\_{3}&0&0&0\\0&0&F\_{3}&0&0&0&1-F\_{3}&0&0\\0&0&0&0&F\_{4}&0&0&1-F\_{4}&0\\0&0&0&0&F\_{4}&0&0&0&1-F\_{4}\\0&0&0&0&0&0&F\_{5}&0&1-F\_{5}\\\end{bmatrix}.$$

$k$-in-a-row is often considered for clinical trials targeting a low-toxicity dose. In this case, the balance point and the target are not identical; rather, $k$ is chosen to aim close to the target rate, e.g., $k=2$ for studies targeting the 30th percentile, and $k=3$ for studies targeting the 20th percentile.

## Estimating the target dose

Unlike other design approaches, UDDs do not have a specific estimation method "bundled in" with the design as a default choice. Historically, the more common choice has been some weighted average of the doses administered, usually excluding the first few doses to mitigate the starting-point bias. This approach antedates deeper understanding of UDDs' Markov properties, but its success in numerical evaluations relies upon the eventual sampling from $\pi $, since the latter is centered roughly around $x^{\*}.$

The single most popular among these *averaging estimators* was introduced by Wetherill et al. in 1966, and only includes *reversal points* (points where the outcome switches from 0 to 1 or vice versa) in the average. In recent years, the limitations of averaging estimators have come to light, in particular the many sources of bias that are very difficult to mitigate. Reversal estimators suffer from both multiple biases (although there is some inadvertent cancelling out of biases), and increased variance due to using a subsample of doses. However, the knowledge about averaging-estimator limitations has yet to disseminate outside the methodological literature and affect actual practice.

By contrast, *regression estimators* attempt to approximate the curve $y=F(x)$ describing the dose-response relationship, in particular around the target percentile. The raw data for the regression are the doses $d\_{m}$ on the horizontal axis, and the observed toxicity frequencies, $\hat {F}\_{m}={\frac {\sum \_{i=1}^{n}Y\_{i}I\left\[X\_{i}=d\_{m}\right\]}{\sum \_{i=1}^{n}I\left\[X\_{i}=d\_{m}\right\]},\ m=1,\ldots ,M,}$ on the vertical axis. The target estimate is the abscissa of the point where the fitted curve crosses $y=\Gamma .$

Probit regression has been used for many decades to estimate UDD targets, although far less commonly than the reversal-averaging estimator. In 2002, Stylianou and Flournoy introduced an interpolated version of isotonic regression (IR) to estimate UDD targets and other dose-response data. More recently, a modification called "centered isotonic regression" (CIR) was developed by Oron and Flournoy, promising substantially better estimation performance than ordinary isotonic regression in most cases, and also offering the first viable interval estimator for isotonic regression in general. Isotonic regression estimators appear to be the most compatible with UDDs, because both approaches are nonparametric and relatively robust. The publicly available R package "cir" implements both CIR and IR for dose-finding and other applications.


abstract:
The Platinum Collection is a compilation album by the American rock band the Doors, released in 2008. It includes mostly songs that were not record chart hits for the group.
The compilation released in the UK & Europe, label Rhino Records/Warner Platinum – serie: 8122-79930-4.

text:
# The Platinum Collection (The Doors album)

***The Platinum Collection*** is a compilation album by the American rock band the Doors, released in 2008. It includes mostly songs that were not record chart hits for the group. The compilation released in the UK & Europe, label Rhino Records/Warner Platinum – serie: 8122-79930-4.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

James Christopher Monger, in a review for AllMusic, gave the album one and a half out of five stars. He wrote:

> This weirdly uneven and basically unnecessary collection of random Doors songs from Warner Platinum has a few gems like "Love Street", "Moonlight Drive", "Soul Kitchen", and "Tell All the People", but its distinct lack of "hits" reduces it to useless in the humongous Doors anthology canon.

## Track listing

1. "Moonlight Drive"
2. "Soul Kitchen"
3. "Bird of Prey"
4. "Take It as It Comes"
5. "You're Lost Little Girl"
6. "My Eyes Have Seen You"
7. "The WASP (Texas Radio and the Big Beat)"
8. "Summer's Almost Gone" (40th anniversary mix)
9. "The Spy"
10. "Tell All the People"
11. "Queen of the Highway"
12. "Shaman's Blues"
13. "Hyacinth House"
14. "Cars Hiss by My Window"
15. "Love Street"

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| The Platinum Collection | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Greatest hits album by the Doors | |
| Released | April 15, 2008 (2008-04-15) |
| Recorded | 1966–1971 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 48:45 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
| The Doors chronology | |
| *The Future Starts Here: The Essential Doors Hits*
(2008) ***The Platinum Collection***
(2008) *When You're Strange: Music from the Motion Picture*
(2010) | |


title: The Amazing Mr. Tutt

abstract: The Amazing Mr. Tutt is an American radio "lighthearted legal drama" that was broadcast on CBS from July 5, 1948, through August 23, 1948.

text:
# The Amazing Mr. Tutt

***The Amazing Mr. Tutt*** is an American radio "lighthearted legal drama" that was broadcast on CBS from July 5, 1948, through August 23, 1948.

## Premise

*The Amazing Mr. Tutt* related activities of Ephraim Tutt, "an uncanny and cantankerous New England Attorney" whose character was created by Arthur Train. Tutt's adventures were published in stories in *The Saturday Evening Post*. He "had at his fingertips every obscure law and legal ruling ever handed down in any court at any time" and used that knowledge to help innocent people. When he bent the law to his advantage, problems usually resulted.

Episodes were narrated by Bonnie Doon, Tutt's "legal helper". Other characters who regularly were heard were Judge Babson, district attorney O'Brion, and Edgar, the guard in the courthouse.

## Cast

## Production

Roy Rowan was the announcer, and Lud Gluskin provided music. Anton M. Leader produced and directed, and Arnold Perl was the writer. The half-hour program was on Mondays at 9:30 p.m. Eastern Time, as a summer replacement for the first half of *Lux Radio Theatre*. It was sustaining.

## Episodes

An audition episode was broadcast on June 24, 1948. Dates and titles of most of the regular episodes are shown in the table below.

Partial List of Episodes of *The Amazing Mr. Tutt*
| Date | Title |
| --- | --- |
| July 5, 1948 | "Advice to a Young Lawyer" |
| July 19, 1948 | "Live Bait" |
| July 26, 1948 | "Mr. Tutt Takes the Stand" |
| August 2, 1948 | "The Dog Andrew" |
| August 16, 1948 | "King Wagamoc's Revenge" |
| August 23, 1948 | "The Liberty of the Jail" |

Some scripts from *The Amazing Mr. Tutt* are housed in the KNX Collection at the University of California, Santa Barbara Library.

## Critical response

A review in the trade publication *Variety* predicted a short life for *The Amazing Mr. Tutt*, saying that the program probably would survive the summer, but chances of obtaining a sponsor were slim. The review mentioned much discussion about the potential of adapting the Tutt character on film, radio, and stage, but it said that this adaptation "sounds like a low-budget rewrite of "Mr. D. A." and "Mayor of the Town", but minus either the law-enforcement aura of the one or the star performance-personality of the latter." The review said that the premiere episode had flashy production but "the yarn didn't sound fresh, even moderately inspired, or particularly interesting." Overall, the review summarized, the episode "seemed a routine treatment of rather old material."

Magee Adams wrote in *The Cincinnati Enquirer* that in the premiere episode Wright's performance and Perl's script "blended admirably to produce a warm and absorbing story".

Syndicated media critic John Crosby compared the Tutt series favorably to the printed stories about the character, reassuring Tutt's fans that "their hero has been treated with suitable reverence."

## Television

Parker Fennelly portrayed Tutt in "Ephraim Tutt's Clean Hands", the August 12, 1951, episode of *The Philco Television Playhouse*. It was Fennelly's television debut. Muriel Kirkland played Minerva Wiggin, Tutt's confidential secretary, in the episode.

Two pilots were made in efforts to adapt the radio series to television. Both starred Walter Brennan as Tutt. The 1955 pilot, produced by Desi Arnaz and written by Winston O'Keefe, was never broadcast. The second pilot was aired on NBC on September 10, 1958. Olive Blakeney portrayed Tutt's wife, Olive. Harry Harvey Jr. played Tutt's assistant, Charlie. O'Keefe was the producer, and Jerry Thorpe was the director. Harold Swanton and Ellis Marcus were the writers.


title: Veedersburg, Indiana

abstract: Veedersburg is a town in Van Buren Township, Fountain County, Indiana, United States. The population was 2,180 at the 2010 census.

text:
# Veedersburg, Indiana

**Veedersburg** is a town in Van Buren Township, Fountain County, Indiana, United States. The population was 2,180 at the 2010 census.

## History

Veedersburg is a newer name for the old town of Chambersburg, which was first settled by early inhabitants Jonathan Birch and John Colvert, on the north fork of Coal Creek in the spring of 1823. It was first located in Cain Township, but became part of the newer township of Van Buren in 1841. Veedersburg was founded in 1871. It was named for one of its founders, Peter S. Veeder. Veedersburg was incorporated as a town in 1872.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1880 | 536 |  |  |
| 1890 | 930 |  | 73.5% |
| 1900 | 1,638 |  | 76.1% |
| 1910 | 1,757 |  | 7.3% |
| 1920 | 1,580 |  | −10.1% |
| 1930 | 1,606 |  | 1.6% |
| 1940 | 1,781 |  | 10.9% |
| 1950 | 1,719 |  | −3.5% |
| 1960 | 1,762 |  | 2.5% |
| 1970 | 2,198 |  | 24.7% |
| 1980 | 2,261 |  | 2.9% |
| 1990 | 2,192 |  | −3.1% |
| 2000 | 2,299 |  | 4.9% |
| 2010 | 2,180 |  | −5.2% |
| 2020 | 2,098 |  | −3.8% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 2,180 people, 878 households, and 605 families living in the town. The population density was 801.5 inhabitants per square mile (309.5/km2). There were 967 housing units at an average density of 355.5 per square mile (137.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 94.8% White, 0.1% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 3.6% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.2% of the population.

There were 878 households, of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.1% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.1% were non-families. 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.94.

The median age in the town was 39.2 years. 25.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.9% were from 25 to 44; 25.7% were from 45 to 64; and 16.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.6% male and 51.4% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,299 people, 921 households, and 652 families living in the town. The population density was 846.4 inhabitants per square mile (326.8/km2). There were 996 housing units at an average density of 366.7 per square mile (141.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.91% White, 0.09% African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.39% from other races, and 0.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.74% of the population.

There were 921 households, out of which 35.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.1% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.2% were non-families. 25.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.3% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $35,944, and the median income for a family was $39,770. Males had a median income of $31,315 versus $21,285 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,435. About 9.3% of families and 10.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.8% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

The town has a public library, a branch of the Covington-Veedersburg Public Library.

1. "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 16, 2022.
2. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Veedersburg, Indiana
3. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
4. Beckwith, W. H. History of Fountain County, Chicago: H. H. Hill and N. Iddings Publishers, 1881, pp. 12, 233-234, 286, 398
5. Willis, Wanda Lou (October 9, 2013). *Haunted Hoosier Trails: A Guide to Indiana's Famous Folklore Spooky Sites*. Guild Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-57860-115-8.
6. Baker, Ronald L. (October 1995). *From Needmore to Prosperity: Hoosier Place Names in Folklore and History*. Indiana University Press. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-253-32866-3. This town was platted...by Peter S. Veeder...
7. "About". Town of Veedersburg, IN. Retrieved September 7, 2014.
8. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
9. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 11, 2012.
10. "Homepage". Covington-Veedersburg Public Library. Retrieved March 7, 2018.

## InfoBox

| Veedersburg | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Main St. and W 2nd (Route 136) | |
| Location of Veedersburg in Fountain County, Indiana. | |
| VeedersburgVeedersburg's location in Fountain County | |
| Coordinates: 40°06′49″N 87°15′24″W / 40.11361°N 87.25667°W / 40.11361; -87.25667 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Indiana |
| County | Fountain |
| Township | Van Buren |
| Platted | 1871 |
| Incorporated | 1872 |
| Named for | Peter S. Veeder |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.00 sq mi (7.78 km2) |
| Land | 3.00 sq mi (7.76 km2) |
| Water | 0.01 sq mi (0.02 km2) |
| Elevation | 581 ft (177 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 2,098 |
| Density | 700.50/sq mi (270.43/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 47987 |
| Area code | 765 |
| FIPS code | 18-78740 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2397711 |
| Website | https://www.veedersburg.in.gov |


title: Laughing at Life

abstract: Laughing at Life is a 1933 American pre-Code film directed by Ford Beebe.

text:
# Laughing at Life

***Laughing at Life*** is a 1933 American pre-Code film directed by Ford Beebe.

## Plot summary

Easter, a soldier of fortune and gunrunner, leaves his family behind escaping from the authorities and an American detective named Mason. His globe-hopping escape leads him finally to South America, where he is hired to organize a band of revolutionaries, unaware that they plan to eliminate him when his job is done. Here, also, he encounters his own son, who is on track to waste his own life in pursuits similar to Easter's.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Laughing at Life | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Ford Beebe |
| Written by | Ford Beebe (story)
Prescott Chaplin (screenplay)
Thomas J. Dugan (screenplay) |
| Produced by | Nat Levine |
| Cinematography | Tom Galligan
Ernest Miller |
| Edited by | Joseph Kane
Ray Snyder |
| Distributed by | Mascot Pictures |
| Release date | * July 12, 1933 (1933-07-12) |
| Running time | 71 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Chieko Honda

abstract: Chieko Honda was a Japanese actress and voice actress. During her life, she was attached to Tokyo Actor's Consumer's Cooperative Society and Mix Max; she was attached to Aoni Production at the time of her death. On 18 February 2013, Honda died of multiple forms of cancer while undergoing treatment.

text:
# Chieko Honda

**Chieko Honda** (本多 知恵子, *Honda Chieko*, 28 March 1963 – 18 February 2013) was a Japanese actress and voice actress. During her life, she was attached to Tokyo Actor's Consumer's Cooperative Society and Mix Max; she was attached to Aoni Production at the time of her death. On 18 February 2013, Honda died of multiple forms of cancer while undergoing treatment.

## Filmography

### Television animation

Unknown date

### Original video animation

### Theatrical animation

### Video games

### Dubbing roles

#### Animation

## InfoBox

| Chieko Honda | |
| --- | --- |
| 本多 知恵子 | |
|  | |
| Born | (1963-03-28)March 28, 1963<br>Tokyo, Japan |
| Died | February 18, 2013(2013-02-18) (aged 49) |
| Occupations |  |
| Years active | 1983–2013 |
| Agent | Aoni Production |
| Height | 144 cm (4 ft 9 in) |


title: Sierra Madre Dam

abstract: The Sierra Madre Dam is a dam on Little Santa Anita Creek, at the mouth of Little Santa Anita Canyon, in Los Angeles County, California. It is in the San Gabriel Mountains, south of the Angeles National Forest, on the northern border of Sierra Madre.

text:
# Sierra Madre Dam

The **Sierra Madre Dam** is a dam on Little Santa Anita Creek, at the mouth of Little Santa Anita Canyon, in Los Angeles County, California. It is in the San Gabriel Mountains, south of the Angeles National Forest, on the northern border of Sierra Madre.

## History

As a result of the flood of 1914, which caused an estimated $10,000,000 in property damage, in the San Gabriel Valley, the California Legislature implemented The Los Angeles County Flood Control Act that entailed a systematic study for flood relief. Results showed an average of 60,000 acre feet of water, valuing between half a million to one million dollars, being wasted from the San Gabriel Mountain watershed into the ocean that could otherwise be conserved and domestically used for nearly half a million people.

In 1924, a bond issue was approved by voters in the amount of $35,300,00 to build systems that would store and conserve water including eight dams - Thompson Creek, Big Dalton, San Gabriel, Big Santa Anita, Eaton Canyon, Big Tujunga, Pacoima, Puddingstone and Sierra Madre.

## Dam

The concrete arch dam has a height of 69 feet (21 m), and a width of 200 feet (61 m). Construction was completed in 1928. It is owned by Los Angeles County Department of Public Works. At the lower face of the dam, water can be released out of a steel grille covered 4 feet (1.2 m) diameter outlet onto a spillway, and then into channelized Little Santa Anita Creek.

In the 1940s CCC—Civilian Conservation Corps workers built the concrete channel containing the creek, from the dam through adjacent Sierra Madre. They also constructed public street bridges and footbridges across the channel in the Sierra Madre Canyon neighborhood.

## Reservoir–debris basin

The dam's debris basin, when unfilled with sediment, and a small reservoir, can have a storage capacity of 51 acre-feet (63,000 m3), and a normal surface area of 1 acre. Its surrounding perimeter watershed area is 0.77 square miles (2.0 km2), with some slopes coated in gunnite. The upstream drainage basin for Little Santa Anita Creek is much larger.

Little Santa Anita Creek is a tributary of Santa Anita Creek, which is a tributary of the Rio Hondo at their confluence in Whittier Narrows. The Rio Hondo is a major tributary of the Los Angeles River.

The dam and debris basin–reservoir are used for flood and sediment control, and for downstream fish habitat protection.

## Access

Access to the dam is restricted by locked gates and chain link fencing across the public Sierra Madre Canyon neighborhood side.

To the west, on Mount Wilson Trail Road in the neighborhood, there is a trailhead for the historic Mount Wilson Trail, a hiking trail that climbs up through Little Santa Anita Canyon to reach Mount Wilson. Other trails, now within the Angeles National Forest, branch off it to the creek for canyoneering, and to other views and destinations. Waterfalls, including a 40-foot (12 m) tall one, are in the deep canyon above the dam.

## InfoBox

| Sierra Madre Dam | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Sierra Madre Dam in California | |
| Country | United States |
| Location | San Gabriel Mountains, California |
| Coordinates | 34°10′34″N 118°02′34″W / 34.17611°N 118.04278°W / 34.17611; -118.04278 |
| Purpose | flood control |
| Opening date | 1928 (1928) |
| Owner(s) | Los Angeles County Department of Public Works |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | arch dam |
| Impounds | Little Santa Anita Creek |
| Height | 69 feet (21 m) |
| Length | 200 feet (61 m) |
| Spillways | 1 |


title: Right Here (Shane Filan album)

abstract: Right Here is the second studio album by Irish singer-songwriter Shane Filan. The album was released on 25 September 2015 by East West Records. The album reached number one in Ireland.

text:
# Right Here (Shane Filan album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Mancunion* |  |
| *Renowned for Sound* |  |

***Right Here*** is the second studio album by Irish singer-songwriter Shane Filan. The album was released on 25 September 2015 by East West Records. The album reached number one in Ireland.

## Background

In 2013, Filan released his debut studio album, *You and Me*, through Capitol Records. In June 2015, it was reported that he had signed a recording contract with Warner Music.

## Singles

"Me and the Moon" was released as the album's first single on 10 August 2015. Filan has said of the song; "What I love about it is that it has a universal meaning. It's about losing someone you love, but it could be that you've lost a relationship, or someone has died, or you could be miles away from your loved ones on the other side of the world. I can really relate to it in that sense."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Me and the Moon" | Jacob Attwooll, Paddy Dalton, Jordan Luppi, Jon Maguire | Jacob Attwooll, Jon Maguire | 3:35 |
| 2. | "I Could Be" (duet with Nadine Coyle) | Shane Filan, Engelina Larsen, Kasper Larsen, Mich Hansen, Martin Hoberg Hedegaard, Sharon Vaughn | Cutfather, Kay | 2:57 |
| 3. | "Right Here" | Filan, Alex Davies, Danny Shah, Julian Emery | Davies, Maguire | 3:39 |
| 4. | "Beautiful to Me" | Maguire, Jon Lilygreen, Nathan Towell | Maguire | 3:34 |
| 5. | "Your Love Carries Me" | Don Mescall, Steve Robson | Maguire | 3:10 |
| 6. | "Better Off a Fool" | Filan, Daniel Durn, Katrine Klith Andersen, Hansen, Vaughn | Cutfather, Durn | 3:24 |
| 7. | "Worst Kind of Love" | Tre Jean-Marie, Karen Poole | Jean-Marie | 3:04 |
| 8. | "I Can't Get Over You" | Filan, E. Larsen, K. Larsen, Hansen, Vaughn | Cutfather, Kay | 3:26 |
| 9. | "Effortlessly You" | Filan, Jez Ashurst, Emily Philips, Emma Rohan | Ashurst | 3:37 |
| 10. | "All My Love" | Filan, Rohan, Ashurst | Ashurst | 3:26 |

## Charts

| Chart (2015) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Irish Albums (IRMA) | 1 |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 7 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 11 |

## InfoBox

| Right Here | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Shane Filan | |
| Released | 25 September 2015 (2015-09-25) |
| Recorded | 2013–2015 |
| Genre | Pop |
| Label | East West |
| Producer | Jon Maguire, Jacob Attwooll, Cutfather, Tre Jean-Marie, Kay, Alex Davies, Durn |
| Shane Filan chronology | |
| *You and Me*
(2013) ***Right Here***
(2015) *Love Always*
(2017) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Right Here* | |
| 1. "Me and the Moon"
Released: 10 August 2015 | |
|  | |


abstract:
The following television stations broadcast on digital channel 36 in the United States:
  - K36AB-D in Lawton, Oklahoma
  - K36AC-D in Yuma, Colorado, on virtual channel 47, which rebroadcasts K21NZ-D
  - K36AE-D in Clarkdale, Arizona, on virtual channel 10, which rebroadcasts KSAZ-TV
  - K36AI-D in Parowan/Enoch, etc., Utah
  - K36AK-D in Blanding/Monticello, Utah, on virtual channel 13, which rebroadcasts KSTU
  - K36BA-D in Burns, Oregon
  - K36BQ-D in Pahrump, Nevada
  - K36BW-D in Thompson Falls, Montana
  - K36BX-D in Coos Bay, Oregon
  - K36CA-D in Memphis, Texas
  - K36CC-D in Tulia, Texas
  - K36CW-D in Dodson, Montana
  - K36CX-D in Boulder, Montana
  - K36DB-CD in Avon/Vail, Colorado, on virtual channel 36
  - K36DI-D in Santa Rosa, New Mexico
  - K36DK-D in Joplin, Montana
  - K36DP-D in Pendleton, Oregon
  - K36EW-D in College Place, Washington
  - K36FF-D in Shurz, Nevada
  - K36FG-D in Hood River, etc., Oregon, on virtual channel 10, which rebroadcasts KOPB-TV
  - K36FM-D in Beaver, etc., Utah
  - K36FQ-D in Wagon Mound, New Mexico
  - K36FS-D in Randolph, Utah
  - K36FT-D in Santa Clara, etc., Utah, on virtual channel 11, which rebroadcasts KBYU-TV
  - K36FZ-D in Meadview, Arizona
  - K36GJ-D in Agana, Guam
  - K36GL-D in Lovelock, Nevada
  - K36GQ-D in Parlin, Colorado, on virtual channel 13, which rebroadcasts K13AV-D
  - K36GU-D in Rockaway Beach, Oregon, on virtual channel 10, which rebroadcasts KOPB-TV
  - K36GX-D in Basalt, Colorado
  - K36HA-D in Elko, Nevada
  - K36HH-D in Susanville, etc., California
  - K36HM-D in Fort Dick, California
  - K36IB-D in Midland, etc., Oregon
  - K36IF-D in Orangeville, Utah
  - K36IG-D in Antimony, Utah
  - K36IH-D in Ignacio, Colorado
  - K36II-D in Joplin, Missouri
  - K36IJ-D in Anahola, etc., Hawaii
  - K36IK-D in Delta/Oak City, etc., Utah
  - K36IL-D in Hanna & Tabiona, Utah
  - K36IM-D in Duchesne, etc., Utah, on virtual channel 13, which rebroadcasts KSTU
  - K36IO-D in Manhattan, Kansas
  - K36IQ-D in Vernal, etc., Utah, on virtual channel 14, which rebroadcasts KJZZ-TV
  - K36IR-D in Garrison, etc., Utah
  - K36IY-D in Weatherford, Oklahoma
  - K36JB-D in Cripple Creek, Colorado
  - K36JD-D in Jackson, Wyoming
  - K36JH-D in Barstow, California, on virtual channel 36
  - K36JO-D in Cheyenne, Wyoming
  - K36JS-D in Grants, New Mexico
  - K36JT-D in Clear Creek, Utah
  - K36JV-D in East Price, Utah
  - K36JW-D in Spring Glen, Utah
  - K36JX-D in Many Farms, Arizona
  - K36JZ-D in Roseburg, Oregon
  - K36KD-D in Tierra Amarilla, New Mexico
  - K36KE-D in Ardmore, Oklahoma
  - K36KH-D in Alexandria, Minnesota, on virtual channel 22, which rebroadcasts KAWB
  - K36KI-D in Fillmore, etc., Utah
  - K36KN-D in Eureka, Nevada
  - K36KR-D in Elmo/Big Arm, Montana
  - K36KW-D in Redwood Falls, Minnesota, on virtual channel 36
  - K36KZ-D in Max, Minnesota, on virtual channel 13, which rebroadcasts WIRT-DT
  - K36LA-D in Kabetogama, Minnesota
  - K36LB-D in Cheyenne Wells, Colorado
  - K36LD-D in College Station, Texas
  - K36LE-D in Manila, etc., Utah
  - K36LF-D in Taos, New Mexico
  - K36LU-D in Ely, Nevada
  - K36LW-D in Williams, Minnesota
  - K36LX-D in Jacks Cabin, Colorado, on virtual channel 4, which rebroadcasts K04DH-D
  - K36LZ-D in Garden Valley, Idaho
  - K36MI-D in Fountain Green, Utah
  - K36MU-D in Texarkana, Arkansas
  - K36NB-D in Carson City, Nevada
  - K36ND-D in Victoria, Texas
  - K36NE-D in Las Vegas, Nevada
  - K36NL-D in Cottage Grove, Oregon
  - K36NN-D in West Plains, Missouri
  - K36NO-D in Alton, etc., Utah
  - K36NP-D in Baker Valley, Oregon
  - K36NQ-D in Altus, Oklahoma
  - K36NR-D in Seiling, Oklahoma
  - K36NV-D in Strong City, Oklahoma
  - K36NW-D in Aberdeen, South Dakota
  - K36NX-D in Pringle, South Dakota
  - K36NY-D in Yreka, California
  - K36NZ-D in Clarkston, Washington
  - K36OA-D in Red Lake, Minnesota, on virtual channel 9, which rebroadcasts KAWE
  - K36OB-D in Verdi, Nevada
  - K36OC-D in Fort Peck, Montana
  - K36OD-D in North La Pine, Oregon
  - K36OE-D in Garfield County, Utah
  - K36OF-D in Ursine, Nevada
  - K36OG-D in Bend, Oregon
  - K36OH-D in Fremont, Utah
  - K36OI-D in Manti/Ephraim, Utah, on virtual channel 30, which rebroadcasts KUCW
  - K36OJ-D in Rainier, Oregon, on virtual channel 8, which rebroadcasts KGW
  - K36OL-D in Willmar, Minnesota
  - K36OM-D in Tropic, Utah
  - K36ON-D in Escalante, Utah
  - K36OO-D in Boulder, Utah
  - K36OP-D in Hanksville, Utah
  - K36OQ-D in Caineville, Utah
  - K36OR-D in Logan, Utah
  - K36OS-D in Whitehall, Montana
  - K36OT-D in Coalville, Utah
  - K36OU-D in Mountain View, Wyoming
  - K36OV-D in Wanship, Utah
  - K36OW-D in Henefer & Echo, Utah
  - K36OX-D in Samak, Utah
  - K36OY-D in Sterling, Colorado, on virtual channel 7, which rebroadcasts KMGH-TV
  - K36OZ-D in Hakalau, Hawaii
  - K36PA-D in Kanarraville, etc., Utah
  - K36PB-D in Lewistown, Montana
  - K36PC-D in Emery, Utah
  - K36PD-D in Green River, Utah
  - K36PE-D in Peach Springs, Arizona
  - K36PF-D in Ferron, Utah
  - K36PH-D in Methow, Washington
  - K36PI-D in Livingston, etc., Montana
  - K36PJ-D in Howard, Montana
  - K36PK-D in Peoa, etc., Utah
  - K36PL-D in Park City, Utah, on virtual channel 45
  - K36PM-D in Salmon, Idaho
  - K36PN-D in Beowawe, Nevada
  - K36PO-D in Winnemucca, Nevada
  - K36PP-D in Farmington, etc., New Mexico
  - K36PS-D in Julesburg, Colorado, on virtual channel 7, which rebroadcasts KMGH-TV
  - K36PT-D in Haxtun, Colorado, on virtual channel 7, which rebroadcasts KMGH-TV
  - K36PU-D in Pioche, Nevada
  - K36PV-D in Gallup, New Mexico
  - K36PW-D in Priest Lake, Idaho
  - K36PX-D in Caliente, Nevada
  - K36PY-D in Pagosa Springs, Colorado
  - K36PZ-D in Big Spring, Texas
  - K36QA-D in Lufkin, Texas
  - K36QB-D in Cortez, Colorado
  - K36QD-D in Omaha, Nebraska
  - K36QH-D in Santa Barbara, California
  - K36QM-D in Iowa, Louisiana
  - K47GI-D in Grants Pass, Oregon
  - KAAL in Austin, Minnesota
  - KADO-CD in Shreveport, Louisiana
  - KAJB in Calipatria, California
  - KASY-TV in Albuquerque, New Mexico
  - KAZT-CD in Phoenix, Arizona, on virtual channel 7, which rebroadcasts KAZT-TV
  - KBFK-LP in Bakersfield, California
  - KBNS-CD in Branson, Missouri
  - KBSI in Cape Girardeau, Missouri
  - KBTR-CD in Baton Rouge, Louisiana
  - KBWU-LD in Richland, etc., Washington
  - KCBZ-LD in Casper, Wyoming
  - KDOR-TV in Bartlesville, Oklahoma
  - KDVR in Denver, Colorado, on virtual channel 31
  - KEVC-CD in Indio, California
  - KFFS-CD in Fayetteville, Arkansas
  - KFPX-TV in Newton, Iowa
  - KFRE-TV in Sanger, California
  - KFTH-DT in Alvin, Texas, on virtual channel 67
  - KFTU-DT in Douglas, Arizona
  - KGKM-LD in Columbia, Missouri
  - KGMM-CD in San Antonio, Texas
  - KHHI-LD in Honolulu, Hawaii
  - KHSL-TV in Redding, California
  - KICU-TV in San Jose, California, on virtual channel 36
  - KIDK in Idaho Falls, Idaho
  - KJTB-LD in Paragould, Arkansas
  - KJWY-LD in Salem, Oregon, on virtual channel 21, which rebroadcasts KJYY-LD
  - KKAP in Little Rock, Arkansas
  - KKAX-LD in Hilltop, Arizona
  - KKEI-CD in Portland, Oregon, on virtual channel 38, which rebroadcasts KORK-CD
  - KLGV-LD in Longview, Texas
  - KLMB-CD in El Dorado, Arkansas
  - KLML-LD in Grand Junction, Colorado
  - KMQV-LD in Rochester, Minnesota, on virtual channel 49
  - KNBC in Los Angeles, California, on virtual channel 4
  - KPWT-LD in Astoria, Oregon
  - KSBO-CD in San Luis Obispo, California
  - KSFL-TV in Sioux Falls, South Dakota
  - KSHB-TV in Kansas City, Missouri, on virtual channel 41
  - KSKN in Spokane, Washington
  - KSKT-CD in San Marcos, California, on virtual channel 43
  - KTCW in Roseburg, Oregon
  - KTFO-CD in Austin, Texas
  - KTMF-LD in Kalispell, Montana
  - KTPN-LD in Tyler, Texas
  - KUEN in Ogden, Utah, on virtual channel 9
  - KUIL-LD in Beaumont, Texas
  - KUOK-CD in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
  - KUVE-CD in Tucson, Arizona
  - KVES-LD in Palm Springs, California
  - KVLY-TV in Fargo, North Dakota
  - KWYT-LD in Yakima, Washington
  - KXTV (DRT) in West Sacramento, California, on virtual channel 10
  - KXTX-TV in Dallas, Texas, on virtual channel 39
  - KZJO in Seattle, Washington, on virtual channel 22
  - KZOD-LD in Odessa, Texas
  - W24CP-D in Durham, North Carolina, on virtual channel 24
  - W36DO-D in Darby, Pennsylvania
  - W36EC-D in Bartow, Florida, to move to channel 15, on virtual channel 36
  - W36EI-D in Wausau, Wisconsin
  - W36EO-D in La Grange, Georgia
  - W36EP-D in Yauco, Puerto Rico, to move to channel 35, on virtual channel 36
  - W36EQ-D in Liberal, Kansas
  - W36EY-D in Berwick, Pennsylvania
  - W36FA-D in Hesperia, Michigan
  - W36FB-D in Biscoe, North Carolina
  - W36FE-D in Hanover, New Hampshire
  - W36FH-D in Traverse City, Michigan
  - W36FJ-D in Sebring, Florida, on virtual channel 44, which rebroadcasts WTOG
  - W36FK-D in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on virtual channel 46
  - W36FM-D in Etna, Maine
  - W36FN-D in Baraboo, Wisconsin
  - WACY-TV in Appleton, Wisconsin
  - WAQP in Saginaw, Michigan
  - WASV-LD in Asheville, North Carolina
  - WAVE in Louisville, Kentucky
  - WBFT-CD in Sanford, North Carolina, on virtual channel 46
  - WBXI-CD in Indianapolis, Indiana, on virtual channel 47
  - WBXN-CD in New Orleans, Louisiana
  - WCAY-CD in Key West, Florida, on virtual channel 36
  - WCBS-TV in New York, New York, on virtual channel 2
  - WCCU in Urbana, Illinois
  - WCEA-LD in Boston, Massachusetts, on virtual channel 26
  - WCFE-TV in Plattsburgh, New York
  - WDCA in Washington, D.C., uses WTTG's spectrum, on virtual channel 20
  - WDSF-LD in Montgomery, Alabama
  - WEIN-LD in Evansville, Indiana
  - WEPX-TV in Greenville, North Carolina
  - WFSB in Hartford, Connecticut, on virtual channel 3
  - WFXB in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
  - WFXG in Augusta, Georgia
  - WFXR in Roanoke, Virginia
  - WGCB-LD in Hinesville-Richmond, Georgia
  - WGCW-LD in Albany, Georgia
  - WGOX-LD in Mobile, Alabama
  - WGTW-TV in Millville, New Jersey, uses WMGM-TV's spectrum, on virtual channel 48
  - WHDO-CD in Orlando, Florida, on virtual channel 38
  - WHME-TV in South Bend, Indiana
  - WIMN-CD in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, on virtual channel 20
  - WITF-TV in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
  - WIVB-TV in Buffalo, New York, uses WNLO's spectrum
  - WKAS in Ashland, Kentucky
  - WKPV in Ponce, Puerto Rico, uses WVOZ-TV's spectrum, on virtual channel 20
  - WLEF-TV in Park Falls, Wisconsin
  - WLOO in Vicksburg, Mississippi
  - WMAV-TV in Oxford, Mississippi
  - WMEA-TV in Biddeford, Maine
  - WMEC in Macomb, Illinois
  - WMGM-TV in Wildwood, New Jersey, on virtual channel 40
  - WMKE-CD in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on virtual channel 21
  - WMNT-CD in Toledo, Ohio
  - WNGN-LD in Troy, New York
  - WNLO in Buffalo, New York
  - WODP-LD in Fort Wayne, Indiana
  - WPMC-CD in Mappsville, Virginia
  - WPMT in York, Pennsylvania, uses WITF-TV's spectrum.
  - WPXP-TV in Lake Worth, Florida
  - WQHS-DT in Cleveland, Ohio, on virtual channel 61
  - WQRF-TV in Rockford, Illinois
  - WRGT-TV in Dayton, Ohio
  - WRID-LD in Richmond, Virginia
  - WRJK-LD in Arlington Heights, Illinois
  - WSES in Tuscaloosa, Alabama
  - WSPF-CD in St. Petersburg, Florida, on virtual channel 3
  - WSPX-TV in Syracuse, New York
  - WSVF-CD in Harrisonburg, Virginia
  - WSWB in Scranton, Pennsylvania
  - WTJX-TV in Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands
  - WTTG in Washington, D.C., on virtual channel 5
  - WTVF in Nashville, Tennessee, on virtual channel 5
  - WTVY in Dothan, Alabama
  - WUFT in Gainesville, Florida
  - WUNE-TV in Linville, North Carolina, on virtual channel 17
  - WUPA in Atlanta, Georgia, on virtual channel 69
  - WVLR in Tazewell, Tennessee
  - WVOZ-TV in Ponce, Puerto Rico, on virtual channel 48
  - WWLM-CD in Washington, Pennsylvania, on virtual channel 20
  - WXTL-LD in Tallahassee, Florida
  - WXWZ-LD in Guayama, Puerto Rico, on virtual channel 23
  - WYCN-LD in Providence, Rhode Island
  - WYSJ-CD in Yorktown, Virginia
  - WZDT-LD in Naples, Florida The following stations, which are no longer licensed, formerly broadcast on digital channel 36 in the United States:
  - K36AF-D in New Castle, Colorado
  - K36HV-D in Wallowa, Oregon
  - K36IN-D in Fruitland, etc., Utah
  - K36KA-D in Rolla, Missouri
  - K36KL-D in Gruver, Texas
  - K36MA-D in Perryton, Texas
  - K36NJ-D in Monett, Missouri
  - K36OK-D in Granite Falls, Minnesota
  - K36QI-D in Quartz Creek, etc., Montana
  - KCDL-LD in Boise, Idaho
  - KZMB-LD in Enid, Oklahoma
  - W36BE-D in State College, Pennsylvania
  - WCDC-TV in Adams, Massachusetts

text:
# Channel 36 digital TV stations in the United States

The following television stations broadcast on digital channel 36 in the United States:

* K36AB-D in Lawton, Oklahoma
* K36AC-D in Yuma, Colorado, on virtual channel 47, which rebroadcasts K21NZ-D
* K36AE-D in Clarkdale, Arizona, on virtual channel 10, which rebroadcasts KSAZ-TV
* K36AI-D in Parowan/Enoch, etc., Utah
* K36AK-D in Blanding/Monticello, Utah, on virtual channel 13, which rebroadcasts KSTU
* K36BA-D in Burns, Oregon
* K36BQ-D in Pahrump, Nevada
* K36BW-D in Thompson Falls, Montana
* K36BX-D in Coos Bay, Oregon
* K36CA-D in Memphis, Texas
* K36CC-D in Tulia, Texas
* K36CW-D in Dodson, Montana
* K36CX-D in Boulder, Montana
* K36DB-CD in Avon/Vail, Colorado, on virtual channel 36
* K36DI-D in Santa Rosa, New Mexico
* K36DK-D in Joplin, Montana
* K36DP-D in Pendleton, Oregon
* K36EW-D in College Place, Washington
* K36FF-D in Shurz, Nevada
* K36FG-D in Hood River, etc., Oregon, on virtual channel 10, which rebroadcasts KOPB-TV
* K36FM-D in Beaver, etc., Utah
* K36FQ-D in Wagon Mound, New Mexico
* K36FS-D in Randolph, Utah
* K36FT-D in Santa Clara, etc., Utah, on virtual channel 11, which rebroadcasts KBYU-TV
* K36FZ-D in Meadview, Arizona
* K36GJ-D in Agana, Guam
* K36GL-D in Lovelock, Nevada
* K36GQ-D in Parlin, Colorado, on virtual channel 13, which rebroadcasts K13AV-D
* K36GU-D in Rockaway Beach, Oregon, on virtual channel 10, which rebroadcasts KOPB-TV
* K36GX-D in Basalt, Colorado
* K36HA-D in Elko, Nevada
* K36HH-D in Susanville, etc., California
* K36HM-D in Fort Dick, California
* K36IB-D in Midland, etc., Oregon
* K36IF-D in Orangeville, Utah
* K36IG-D in Antimony, Utah
* K36IH-D in Ignacio, Colorado
* K36II-D in Joplin, Missouri
* K36IJ-D in Anahola, etc., Hawaii
* K36IK-D in Delta/Oak City, etc., Utah
* K36IL-D in Hanna & Tabiona, Utah
* K36IM-D in Duchesne, etc., Utah, on virtual channel 13, which rebroadcasts KSTU
* K36IO-D in Manhattan, Kansas
* K36IQ-D in Vernal, etc., Utah, on virtual channel 14, which rebroadcasts KJZZ-TV
* K36IR-D in Garrison, etc., Utah
* K36IY-D in Weatherford, Oklahoma
* K36JB-D in Cripple Creek, Colorado
* K36JD-D in Jackson, Wyoming
* K36JH-D in Barstow, California, on virtual channel 36
* K36JO-D in Cheyenne, Wyoming
* K36JS-D in Grants, New Mexico
* K36JT-D in Clear Creek, Utah
* K36JV-D in East Price, Utah
* K36JW-D in Spring Glen, Utah
* K36JX-D in Many Farms, Arizona
* K36JZ-D in Roseburg, Oregon
* K36KD-D in Tierra Amarilla, New Mexico
* K36KE-D in Ardmore, Oklahoma
* K36KH-D in Alexandria, Minnesota, on virtual channel 22, which rebroadcasts KAWB
* K36KI-D in Fillmore, etc., Utah
* K36KN-D in Eureka, Nevada
* K36KR-D in Elmo/Big Arm, Montana
* K36KW-D in Redwood Falls, Minnesota, on virtual channel 36
* K36KZ-D in Max, Minnesota, on virtual channel 13, which rebroadcasts WIRT-DT
* K36LA-D in Kabetogama, Minnesota
* K36LB-D in Cheyenne Wells, Colorado
* K36LD-D in College Station, Texas
* K36LE-D in Manila, etc., Utah
* K36LF-D in Taos, New Mexico
* K36LU-D in Ely, Nevada
* K36LW-D in Williams, Minnesota
* K36LX-D in Jacks Cabin, Colorado, on virtual channel 4, which rebroadcasts K04DH-D
* K36LZ-D in Garden Valley, Idaho
* K36MI-D in Fountain Green, Utah
* K36MU-D in Texarkana, Arkansas
* K36NB-D in Carson City, Nevada
* K36ND-D in Victoria, Texas
* K36NE-D in Las Vegas, Nevada
* K36NL-D in Cottage Grove, Oregon
* K36NN-D in West Plains, Missouri
* K36NO-D in Alton, etc., Utah
* K36NP-D in Baker Valley, Oregon
* K36NQ-D in Altus, Oklahoma
* K36NR-D in Seiling, Oklahoma
* K36NV-D in Strong City, Oklahoma
* K36NW-D in Aberdeen, South Dakota
* K36NX-D in Pringle, South Dakota
* K36NY-D in Yreka, California
* K36NZ-D in Clarkston, Washington
* K36OA-D in Red Lake, Minnesota, on virtual channel 9, which rebroadcasts KAWE
* K36OB-D in Verdi, Nevada
* K36OC-D in Fort Peck, Montana
* K36OD-D in North La Pine, Oregon
* K36OE-D in Garfield County, Utah
* K36OF-D in Ursine, Nevada
* K36OG-D in Bend, Oregon
* K36OH-D in Fremont, Utah
* K36OI-D in Manti/Ephraim, Utah, on virtual channel 30, which rebroadcasts KUCW
* K36OJ-D in Rainier, Oregon, on virtual channel 8, which rebroadcasts KGW
* K36OL-D in Willmar, Minnesota
* K36OM-D in Tropic, Utah
* K36ON-D in Escalante, Utah
* K36OO-D in Boulder, Utah
* K36OP-D in Hanksville, Utah
* K36OQ-D in Caineville, Utah
* K36OR-D in Logan, Utah
* K36OS-D in Whitehall, Montana
* K36OT-D in Coalville, Utah
* K36OU-D in Mountain View, Wyoming
* K36OV-D in Wanship, Utah
* K36OW-D in Henefer & Echo, Utah
* K36OX-D in Samak, Utah
* K36OY-D in Sterling, Colorado, on virtual channel 7, which rebroadcasts KMGH-TV
* K36OZ-D in Hakalau, Hawaii
* K36PA-D in Kanarraville, etc., Utah
* K36PB-D in Lewistown, Montana
* K36PC-D in Emery, Utah
* K36PD-D in Green River, Utah
* K36PE-D in Peach Springs, Arizona
* K36PF-D in Ferron, Utah
* K36PH-D in Methow, Washington
* K36PI-D in Livingston, etc., Montana
* K36PJ-D in Howard, Montana
* K36PK-D in Peoa, etc., Utah
* K36PL-D in Park City, Utah, on virtual channel 45
* K36PM-D in Salmon, Idaho
* K36PN-D in Beowawe, Nevada
* K36PO-D in Winnemucca, Nevada
* K36PP-D in Farmington, etc., New Mexico
* K36PS-D in Julesburg, Colorado, on virtual channel 7, which rebroadcasts KMGH-TV
* K36PT-D in Haxtun, Colorado, on virtual channel 7, which rebroadcasts KMGH-TV
* K36PU-D in Pioche, Nevada
* K36PV-D in Gallup, New Mexico
* K36PW-D in Priest Lake, Idaho
* K36PX-D in Caliente, Nevada
* K36PY-D in Pagosa Springs, Colorado
* K36PZ-D in Big Spring, Texas
* K36QA-D in Lufkin, Texas
* K36QB-D in Cortez, Colorado
* K36QD-D in Omaha, Nebraska
* K36QH-D in Santa Barbara, California
* K36QM-D in Iowa, Louisiana
* K47GI-D in Grants Pass, Oregon
* KAAL in Austin, Minnesota
* KADO-CD in Shreveport, Louisiana
* KAJB in Calipatria, California
* KASY-TV in Albuquerque, New Mexico
* KAZT-CD in Phoenix, Arizona, on virtual channel 7, which rebroadcasts KAZT-TV
* KBFK-LP in Bakersfield, California
* KBNS-CD in Branson, Missouri
* KBSI in Cape Girardeau, Missouri
* KBTR-CD in Baton Rouge, Louisiana
* KBWU-LD in Richland, etc., Washington
* KCBZ-LD in Casper, Wyoming
* KDOR-TV in Bartlesville, Oklahoma
* KDVR in Denver, Colorado, on virtual channel 31
* KEVC-CD in Indio, California
* KFFS-CD in Fayetteville, Arkansas
* KFPX-TV in Newton, Iowa
* KFRE-TV in Sanger, California
* KFTH-DT in Alvin, Texas, on virtual channel 67
* KFTU-DT in Douglas, Arizona
* KGKM-LD in Columbia, Missouri
* KGMM-CD in San Antonio, Texas
* KHHI-LD in Honolulu, Hawaii
* KHSL-TV in Redding, California
* KICU-TV in San Jose, California, on virtual channel 36
* KIDK in Idaho Falls, Idaho
* KJTB-LD in Paragould, Arkansas
* KJWY-LD in Salem, Oregon, on virtual channel 21, which rebroadcasts KJYY-LD
* KKAP in Little Rock, Arkansas
* KKAX-LD in Hilltop, Arizona
* KKEI-CD in Portland, Oregon, on virtual channel 38, which rebroadcasts KORK-CD
* KLGV-LD in Longview, Texas
* KLMB-CD in El Dorado, Arkansas
* KLML-LD in Grand Junction, Colorado
* KMQV-LD in Rochester, Minnesota, on virtual channel 49
* KNBC in Los Angeles, California, on virtual channel 4
* KPWT-LD in Astoria, Oregon
* KSBO-CD in San Luis Obispo, California
* KSFL-TV in Sioux Falls, South Dakota
* KSHB-TV in Kansas City, Missouri, on virtual channel 41
* KSKN in Spokane, Washington
* KSKT-CD in San Marcos, California, on virtual channel 43
* KTCW in Roseburg, Oregon
* KTFO-CD in Austin, Texas
* KTMF-LD in Kalispell, Montana
* KTPN-LD in Tyler, Texas
* KUEN in Ogden, Utah, on virtual channel 9
* KUIL-LD in Beaumont, Texas
* KUOK-CD in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
* KUVE-CD in Tucson, Arizona
* KVES-LD in Palm Springs, California
* KVLY-TV in Fargo, North Dakota
* KWYT-LD in Yakima, Washington
* KXTV (DRT) in West Sacramento, California, on virtual channel 10
* KXTX-TV in Dallas, Texas, on virtual channel 39
* KZJO in Seattle, Washington, on virtual channel 22
* KZOD-LD in Odessa, Texas
* W24CP-D in Durham, North Carolina, on virtual channel 24
* W36DO-D in Darby, Pennsylvania
* W36EC-D in Bartow, Florida, to move to channel 15, on virtual channel 36
* W36EI-D in Wausau, Wisconsin
* W36EO-D in La Grange, Georgia
* W36EP-D in Yauco, Puerto Rico, to move to channel 35, on virtual channel 36
* W36EQ-D in Liberal, Kansas
* W36EY-D in Berwick, Pennsylvania
* W36FA-D in Hesperia, Michigan
* W36FB-D in Biscoe, North Carolina
* W36FE-D in Hanover, New Hampshire
* W36FH-D in Traverse City, Michigan
* W36FJ-D in Sebring, Florida, on virtual channel 44, which rebroadcasts WTOG
* W36FK-D in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on virtual channel 46
* W36FM-D in Etna, Maine
* W36FN-D in Baraboo, Wisconsin
* WACY-TV in Appleton, Wisconsin
* WAQP in Saginaw, Michigan
* WASV-LD in Asheville, North Carolina
* WAVE in Louisville, Kentucky
* WBFT-CD in Sanford, North Carolina, on virtual channel 46
* WBXI-CD in Indianapolis, Indiana, on virtual channel 47
* WBXN-CD in New Orleans, Louisiana
* WCAY-CD in Key West, Florida, on virtual channel 36
* WCBS-TV in New York, New York, on virtual channel 2
* WCCU in Urbana, Illinois
* WCEA-LD in Boston, Massachusetts, on virtual channel 26
* WCFE-TV in Plattsburgh, New York
* WDCA in Washington, D.C., uses WTTG's spectrum, on virtual channel 20
* WDSF-LD in Montgomery, Alabama
* WEIN-LD in Evansville, Indiana
* WEPX-TV in Greenville, North Carolina
* WFSB in Hartford, Connecticut, on virtual channel 3
* WFXB in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
* WFXG in Augusta, Georgia
* WFXR in Roanoke, Virginia
* WGCB-LD in Hinesville-Richmond, Georgia
* WGCW-LD in Albany, Georgia
* WGOX-LD in Mobile, Alabama
* WGTW-TV in Millville, New Jersey, uses WMGM-TV's spectrum, on virtual channel 48
* WHDO-CD in Orlando, Florida, on virtual channel 38
* WHME-TV in South Bend, Indiana
* WIMN-CD in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, on virtual channel 20
* WITF-TV in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
* WIVB-TV in Buffalo, New York, uses WNLO's spectrum
* WKAS in Ashland, Kentucky
* WKPV in Ponce, Puerto Rico, uses WVOZ-TV's spectrum, on virtual channel 20
* WLEF-TV in Park Falls, Wisconsin
* WLOO in Vicksburg, Mississippi
* WMAV-TV in Oxford, Mississippi
* WMEA-TV in Biddeford, Maine
* WMEC in Macomb, Illinois
* WMGM-TV in Wildwood, New Jersey, on virtual channel 40
* WMKE-CD in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on virtual channel 21
* WMNT-CD in Toledo, Ohio
* WNGN-LD in Troy, New York
* WNLO in Buffalo, New York
* WODP-LD in Fort Wayne, Indiana
* WPMC-CD in Mappsville, Virginia
* WPMT in York, Pennsylvania, uses WITF-TV's spectrum.
* WPXP-TV in Lake Worth, Florida
* WQHS-DT in Cleveland, Ohio, on virtual channel 61
* WQRF-TV in Rockford, Illinois
* WRGT-TV in Dayton, Ohio
* WRID-LD in Richmond, Virginia
* WRJK-LD in Arlington Heights, Illinois
* WSES in Tuscaloosa, Alabama
* WSPF-CD in St. Petersburg, Florida, on virtual channel 3
* WSPX-TV in Syracuse, New York
* WSVF-CD in Harrisonburg, Virginia
* WSWB in Scranton, Pennsylvania
* WTJX-TV in Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands
* WTTG in Washington, D.C., on virtual channel 5
* WTVF in Nashville, Tennessee, on virtual channel 5
* WTVY in Dothan, Alabama
* WUFT in Gainesville, Florida
* WUNE-TV in Linville, North Carolina, on virtual channel 17
* WUPA in Atlanta, Georgia, on virtual channel 69
* WVLR in Tazewell, Tennessee
* WVOZ-TV in Ponce, Puerto Rico, on virtual channel 48
* WWLM-CD in Washington, Pennsylvania, on virtual channel 20
* WXTL-LD in Tallahassee, Florida
* WXWZ-LD in Guayama, Puerto Rico, on virtual channel 23
* WYCN-LD in Providence, Rhode Island
* WYSJ-CD in Yorktown, Virginia
* WZDT-LD in Naples, Florida

The following stations, which are no longer licensed, formerly broadcast on digital channel 36 in the United States:


title: Dorian Gray (club)

abstract: Dorian Gray was a nightclub in the 1980s and 1990s, located in Frankfurt Airport in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Founders Gerd Schüler and Michael Presinger opened the club on November 8, 1978, intending to offer events similar to those at Studio 54 in New York City. Dorian Gray was one of the largest nightclubs in Germany at that time. The design of the nightclub cost more than DM 2.5 million and laid the cornerstone for the successful Airport club brand. The name of the club comes from Oscar Wilde's novel The Picture of Dorian Gray. Dorian Gray was, unusually for a nightclub, located in Hall C of the airport's Terminal 1 building. For this reason, the nightclub remained opened during early morning hours, while the rest of the airport remained closed.

text:
# Dorian Gray (club)

**Dorian Gray** was a nightclub in the 1980s and 1990s, located in Frankfurt Airport in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Founders Gerd Schüler and Michael Presinger opened the club on November 8, 1978, intending to offer events similar to those at Studio 54 in New York City. Dorian Gray was one of the largest nightclubs in Germany at that time. The design of the nightclub cost more than DM 2.5 million and laid the cornerstone for the successful Airport club brand. The name of the club comes from Oscar Wilde's novel *The Picture of Dorian Gray*.

Dorian Gray was, unusually for a nightclub, located in Hall C of the airport's Terminal 1 building. For this reason, the nightclub remained opened during early morning hours, while the rest of the airport remained closed.

## Music

Up to 2,500 guests danced on three dancefloors (Runningman, Studio 54 and Chillout). In the late 1970s, disco, funk soul, and from 1984 onwards, to electronic dance music such as EBM, house, new wave and techno, and from 1992, urban music in the smaller section of the club were played.

Famous DJs who played at Dorian Gray were Carl Cox, Paul van Dyk, Sven Väth, Torsten Fenslau, Ulli Brenner, Michael Münzing (one half of Snap!), DJ Dag, Talla 2XLC, Tom Wax, Mark Spoon, Heinz Felber, Pete Marvelous, Paul Oakenfold, Pascal FEOS, Björn Mulik and Andy Düx.

## Tone and light effects

The nightclub had at the time a *Richard-Long-Sound-System-Design*, which used large sound system speakers with a JBL and Gauss-Alnico base sound system which produced loud and clear sound. The DJ equipment consisted of Thorens and later from mid-1990s Technics turntables. The light system was made out of red, green and orange colours which were positioned to reflect the mirrors on the floor. Until the mid-1990s a strong laser show was used. One of the video jockeys was also Alexander Metzger.

## Closure

On 31 December 2000 the nightclub ceased operations in Frankfurt am Main, due to continuing problems in securing fire safety certification from the airport inspectorate. The last record that was played on the closure was "Lovin' You" from musician Minnie Riperton and was played by the resident DJ Ufuk in the small club. Several years after the closure of the nightclub, the painted entrance doors were still visible with the original image. In January 2008, the existing space in Hall C was renovated into a shopping area.

## Miscellaneous

In early 2003, both original owners started a new nightclub in Berlin on Potsdamer Platz, which, however, had to file for insolvency already in the following year due to rent debts. The *sister nightclub* of Dorian Gray in Perkins Park in Stuttgart, which opened in 1980 with the similar idea of events still operates today. The *Airport Night* 2008 at Frankfurt Airport included a live music program commemorating the days of the Dorian Gray discotheque.

50°03′04″N 8°34′27″E / 50.051094°N 8.57416613°E / 50.051094; 8.57416613

## InfoBox

Dorian Gray
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Music |
| Founded | Frankfurt am Main, Germany (November 8, 1978 (1978-11-08)) |
| Founder | Gerd Schüler and Michael Presinger |
| Defunct | December 31, 2000 (2000-12-31) |
| Headquarters | Frankfurt am Main, Germany |
| Area served | Germany |


title: The Boathouse, Twickenham

abstract: The Boathouse is a commercial property located at Ranelagh Drive, Twickenham in England, which housed music and film studios.

text:
# The Boathouse, Twickenham

**The Boathouse** is a commercial property located at Ranelagh Drive, Twickenham in England, which housed music and film studios.

## Description

The Boathouse is built on an island on the south-west bank of the River Thames and is within the St. Margaret's Estate Conservation Area in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. It adjoins the Thames Path and features views of the Richmond Lock and the Old Deer Park.

The structure is two-storey with about 7500 square feet of interior space, and the site includes about 12,900 square feet (0.3 acres) of land. The studios and control rooms are sound-proofed and air-conditioned with raised wood-strip flooring that provides concealed cable runs. The building is of cavity wall construction with brick veneer and has a hipped roof of interlocking concrete tiles. Parts of the upper storey are covered with faux timber panels. The property includes a paved terrace on the first floor level, a glazed conservatory on the north side, a double garage and additional parking and a garden with paved walkways. The side of the property adjoining the public road and walkway is walled. A Dutch barge which is outfitted as a floating studio called *Grand Cru* was previously moored at the property, connected by a gangway.

## History

The property was previously known as Dick Waite's Boathouse, and was built in the late 1960s as part of a redevelopment of Sims' Boatyard, a builder of racing boats. It provided meeting rooms, commercial film and recording studios, offices and residential quarters for use of the boatyard. The building was dilapidated in 1976 when Pete Townshend of The Who bought it from Bill Sims and remodelled it to house his Eel Pie Studios. Townshend and Delia de Leon, a disciple of Meher Baba, started the Meher Baba Film Archive at the studios in the 1970s under the name Meher Baba Oceanic Centre. The film archive moved from The Boathouse to Norwich, Norfolk, in 1990.

Eel Pie Studios was already in business at 45 Broadwick Street when Townshend bought the new building. Although operation of the company took place at both locations, the studios in The Boathouse later became known as Oceanic Studios. The studios were occupied by the band Cocteau Twins in the 1990s, who called it September Sound, and also the band Lightning Seeds. Townshend sold the property in 2008 to Hi2 Limited, but retained ownership of the Dutch barge, *Grand Cru*.

Grand Cru Studio operated as a commercial studio run by Townshend's studio engineer Myles Clarke and is moored in St Katharine Docks, London.

## Current status

Following various attempts at marketing and selling the property, in 2009 Hi2 Limited unsuccessfully applied for planning permission. In 2017, a newly formed company, Boathouse Twickenham Limited, was unsuccessful with its planning application. The property had been transferred to Vennture (One) Limited prior to the making of the application, which was commented on by the planning inspector. Following refusal, the property was sold to Peter Gbedemah a director and the controlling, major shareholder of Boathouse Twickenham Limited. Vennture (One) Limited sold the property for a substantial sum. Vennture (One) Limited had a "Winding Up Petition" presented against it by HMRC on 14 February 2019. Peter Gbedemah's co- director, Jonathan Emuss, was instrumental in the 2017 failed planning application. Jonathan Emuss was made bankrupt on 26 June 2018, by the Isle of Man company, Greencroft International Limited – Peter Gbedemah's offshore investment company.

51°27′45″N 0°19′08″W / 51.46249°N 0.31891°W / 51.46249; -0.31891

## InfoBox

| The Boathouse | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Type | Business |
| Architectural style | 1960s |
| Location | Twickenham, London, England |
| Owner | Boathouse Twickenham Limited |
| Technical details | |
| Structural system | Cavity wall |
| Floor count | 2 |


abstract: The cardinal electors in the 1963 papal conclave numbered 82, of whom 80 participated. This papal conclave met from 19 to 21 June 1963. This list is arranged by region and within each alphabetically. Cardinal József Mindszenty refused to leave the U.S. Legation in Budapest where he had lived since 1956 unless the Hungarian government met his demands for religious freedom in Hungary. Cardinal Carlos María de la Torre of Quito, Ecuador, was 89 years old and could not make the journey because he had suffered a stroke the previous December and was bedridden with thrombosis.

text:
# Cardinal electors in the 1963 papal conclave

The **cardinal electors in the 1963 papal conclave** numbered 82, of whom 80 participated. This papal conclave met from 19 to 21 June 1963. This list is arranged by region and within each alphabetically.

Cardinal József Mindszenty refused to leave the U.S. Legation in Budapest where he had lived since 1956 unless the Hungarian government met his demands for religious freedom in Hungary. Cardinal Carlos María de la Torre of Quito, Ecuador, was 89 years old and could not make the journey because he had suffered a stroke the previous December and was bedridden with thrombosis.

**Location of Participating Cardinal Electors**
| Country | Number of Electors |
| --- | --- |
| Italy | 29 |
| France | 8 |
| Spain | 6 |
| United States | 5 |
| Brazil, West Germany | 3 |
| Argentina, Canada, Portugal | 2 |
| Australia, Austria, Belgium, Chile, China, Colombia, India, Ireland, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Peru, Philippines, Poland, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, Syria, Tanganyika, Uruguay, Venezuela | 1 |

## Roman Curia

National origin is noted for a member of the Roman Curia who is not Italian.

1. Gregorio Pietro Agagianian, Prefect of Propagation of the Faith (origin: Soviet Union, Armenian Catholic)
2. Joaquín Albareda y Ramoneda, OSB, Librarian Emeritus of Vatican Library (origin: Spain)
3. Benedetto Aloisi Masella, Camerlengo, Prefect of Discipline of the Sacraments
4. Augustin Bea, SJ, President of Promoting Christian Unity (origin: Germany)
5. Francesco Bracci, Secretary Emeritus of Discipline of the Sacraments
6. Fernando Cento, Major Penitentiary of Apostolic Penitentiary
7. Carlo Chiarlo, Nuncio Emeritus of Brazil
8. Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, Secretary of State, Prefect of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs
9. Pietro Ciriaci, Prefect of Council
10. Carlo Confalonieri, Secretary of Consistorial
11. Santiago Copello, Chancellor of Apostolic Chancery (origin: Argentina)
12. Giuseppe Ferretto, Secretary of College of Cardinals
13. Paolo Giobbe, Datary of His Holiness
14. William Heard, Dean of the Roman Rota (origin: Scotland)
15. Alberto di Jorio, President of Vatican City State
16. André-Damien-Ferdinand Jullien, PSS, Dean Emeritus of Roman Rota (origin: France)
17. Arcadio Larraona Saralegui, Prefect of Rites (origin: Spain)
18. Paolo Marella, Prefect of St. Peter's Basilica
19. Francesco Morano, Secretary of Apostolic Signatura
20. Alfredo Ottaviani, Secretary of the Holy Office
21. Giuseppe Pizzardo, Prefect of Seminaries and Universities
22. Francesco Roberti, Prefect of Apostolic Signatura
23. Gustavo Testa, Prefect of Oriental Churches
24. Eugène-Gabriel-Gervais-Laurent Tisserant, Dean of the College of Cardinals, Prefect of Ceremonies, Librarian of Vatican Library, Archivist of Vatican Secret Archives (origin: France)
25. Luigi Traglia, Pro-Vicar General of Rome
26. Valerio Valeri, Prefect of Religious

## Europe

### Italy

1. Ildebrando Antoniutti, Nuncio to Spain
2. Antonio Bacci, Titular Archbishop of *Colonia in Cappadocia*
3. Alfonso Castaldo, Archbishop of Naples
4. Efrem Forni, Nuncio emeritus to Belgium and Luxembourg
5. Maurilio Fossati, OSsCGN, Archbishop of Turin
6. Giacomo Lercaro, Archbishop of Bologna
7. Clemente Micara, Vice Dean of College of Cardinals, Vicar General of Rome
8. **Giovanni Battista Montini, Archbishop of Milan (was elected Pope and chose the name Paul VI)**
9. Ernesto Ruffini, Archbishop of Palermo
10. Giuseppe Siri, Archbishop of Genoa
11. Giovanni Urbani, Patriarch of Venice

### France

1. Maurice Feltin, Archbishop of Paris
2. Pierre-Marie Gerlier, Archbishop of Lyon
3. Joseph-Charles Lefèbvre, Archbishop of Bourges
4. Achille Liénart, Bishop of Lille
5. Paul Marie André Richaud, Archbishop of Bordeaux
6. Clément-Emile Roques, Archbishop of Rennes

### Spain

1. Benjamín de Arriba y Castro, Archbishop of Tarragona
2. José Bueno y Monreal, Archbishop of Seville
3. Enrique Pla y Deniel, Archbishop of Toledo
4. Fernando Quiroga y Palacios, Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela

### West Germany

1. Julius Döpfner, Archbishop of Munich und Freising
2. Josef Frings, Archbishop of Cologne

### Portugal

1. José da Costa Nunes, Archbishop Emeritus of Archdiocese of Goa e Damão
2. Manuel Gonçalves Cerejeira, Patriarch of Lisbon

### Austria

1. Franz König, Archbishop of Vienna

### Belgium

1. Leo Joseph Suenens, Archbishop of Brussels-Mechelen

### Netherlands

1. Bernardus Johannes Alfrink, Archbishop of Utrecht

### Hungary

1. *József Mindszenty*, Archbishop of Esztergom (absent)

### Ireland

1. Michael Browne, OP, Superior General of the Order of Friars Preachers

### Poland

1. Stefan Wyszyński, Archbishop of Warsaw and Gniezno

## North America

### United States

1. Richard Cushing, Archbishop of Boston
2. James McIntyre, Archbishop of Los Angeles
3. Albert Gregory Meyer, Archbishop of Chicago
4. Joseph Ritter, Archbishop of St. Louis
5. Francis Spellman, Archbishop of New York

### Canada

1. Paul-Émile Léger, PSS, Archbishop of Montreal
2. James McGuigan, Archbishop of Toronto

### Mexico

1. José Garibi y Rivera, Archbishop of Guadalajara

## South America

### Brazil

1. Jaime de Barros Câmara, Archbishop of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro
2. Augusto da Silva, Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia
3. Carlos Carmelo Vasconcellos Motta, Archbishop of São Paulo

### Argentina

1. Antonio Caggiano, Archbishop of Buenos Aires

### Chile

1. Raúl Silva Henríquez, Archbishop of Santiago

### Colombia

1. Luis Concha Córdoba, Archbishop of Bogotá

### Ecuador

1. *Carlos María de la Torre*, Archbishop of Quito (absent)

### Peru

1. Juan Landázuri Ricketts, OFM, Archbishop of Lima

### Venezuela

1. José Quintero Parra, Archbishop of Caracas

### Uruguay

1. Antonio María Barbieri, OFM Cap, Archbishop of Montevideo

## Asia

### China

1. Thomas Tien Ken-sin, SVD, Archbishop of Beijing

### India

1. Valerian Gracias, Archbishop of Bombay

### Japan

1. Peter Doi, Archbishop of Tokyo

### Philippines

1. Rufino Jiao Santos, Archbishop of Manila

### Syria

1. Ignatius Gabriel I Tappuni, Patriarch of Antioch of the Syrians (Cardinal Tappuni was born in Mosul, located in modern-day Iraq)

## Africa

### Tanganyika

1. Laurean Rugambwa, Bishop of Bukoba

## Oceania

### Australia

1. Norman Gilroy, Archbishop of Sydney

Additional sources


title: Joseph Goldyne

abstract: Joseph R. Goldyne, is an American artist, curator, and author. He is known for his monotype prints and drawing and he was one of the co-founders of 3EP Ltd. Press.

text:
# Joseph Goldyne

**Joseph R. Goldyne** (born 1942), is an American artist, curator, and author. He is known for his monotype prints and drawing and he was one of the co-founders of 3EP Ltd. Press.

## Biography

Joseph Goldyne was born on 20 April 1942 in Chicago, Illinois. He is Jewish, and sometimes his artwork has religious themes.

He majored in art history, and received a B.A. degree at the University of California, Berkeley, and continued his studies and earned a M.D. from the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine (UCSF). In 1970, he earned a M.A. degree in Fine Arts from Harvard University. After graduation from Harvard, he moved to Berkeley, California to work at the printmaking studio of artist Jeanne Gantz (1929–1987).

In 1978, Goldyne alongside Mary Margaret "Moo" Anderson, and Paula Kirkeby founded 3EP Ltd. Press of Palo Alto. 3EP Ltd. Press remained in operation until 1984.

The subject of Goldyne's artwork is often personal objects such as articles of clothing, food, and home decor. His work is commonly small scale printmaking with a combination of painting, and/or drawing. He creates series of prints on a single theme, most notably *Diary of a Young Girl* (*Het Achterhuis*) (1985); *Women 9* (1976); *Ten Firsts* (1978); and *Quartet* (1986). Goldyne makes artists books with recurrent collaborations with printmaker Peter Rutledge Koch, including *Five Ripe Pears* (1996); *Oda a la Tipografía* | *Ode to Typography* (1998); and *Hard High-Country Poems* (2015).

Goldyne's work is in public museum collections, including the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Monterey Museum of Art, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, The Phillips Collection, Art Institute of Chicago, Victoria and Albert Museum, and the National Gallery of Art.

## Bibliography

* Goldyne, Joseph R.; Keller, Michael A.; Trujillo, Roberto G.; Koch, Peter Rutledge; Bringhurst, Robert (2015). *Joseph Goldyne: catalogue raisonné of books, portfolios, and calligraphic sheets* (exhibition catalog). Stanford University. Stanford University Libraries. ISBN 9780911221572.

## InfoBox

| Joseph Goldyne | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1942-04-20) April 20, 1942
Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Alma mater | University of California, Berkeley,
University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine,
Harvard University |
| Occupation(s) | artist, printmaker, curator, author |


title: Sergei Mirkin

abstract: Sergei Mirkin is a Russian-American biologist who studies genome instability mediated by repetitive DNA during DNA replication and transcription. He is a professor of Genetics and Molecular Biology and holds the White Family Chair in Biology at Tufts University.

text:
# Sergei Mirkin

**Sergei Mirkin** (born September 29, 1956) is a Russian-American biologist who studies genome instability mediated by repetitive DNA during DNA replication and transcription. He is a professor of Genetics and Molecular Biology and holds the White Family Chair in Biology at Tufts University.

## Early life and education

Mirkin was born in Moscow, Russia. He attended Moscow State University, where he earned both a Bachelor of Science and a Master of Science degree in Genetics in 1978. Mirkin went on to pursue a PhD in Molecular Biology at the Russian Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Molecular Genetics. His PhD was under the supervision of Roman B. Khesin, a molecular biologist and Mirkin later described his formative years in the Khesin lab in his essay, “Thinking of R.B. Khesin”. By studying conditionally lethal mutants of DNA gyrase, he established a fundamental interplay between DNA supercoiling and transcription in E. coli.

## Career and research

Mirkin conducted his postdoctoral studies at the Institute of Molecular Genetics with Maxim Frank-Kamenetskii, a biophysicist. This work culminated with the discovery of the three-stranded H-DNA structure. Mirkin moved to the US as a Fogarty International Fellow in 1989 and joined the faculty of the Department of Genetics at University of Illinois Chicago (UIC) in 1990. He worked at UIC until 2006 rising to the rank of Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics. In 2007, he joined Tufts University as a professor and the White Family Chair in Biology.

Mirkin’s major contributions to science include discovering of the first multi-stranded DNA structure (H-DNA); detection of dynamic non-B DNA structures, including DNA cruciforms and triplexes in vivo; discovery that replication through trinucleotide repeats is compromised due to their unusual structures resulting in trinucleotide repeat disorder and unraveling the mechanisms and consequences of transcription-replication collisions in vivo.

The "Mirkin Lab". continues studying genome structure and function from two perspectives: the mechanisms responsible for the instability of DNA repeats implicated in human disease, the role of transcription-replication collisions in genome instability and the mechanisms of genome instability mediated at interstitial telomeric sequences.

## Selected publications

## Awards and honors

* Editor-in-Chief, Current Opinions in Genetics and Development, 2010-2013
* Distinguished Senior Scholar Award, Tufts University, 2020

## InfoBox

| Sergei Mirkin | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | September 29, 1956<br>Moscow, Russia |
| Alma mater | Moscow State University, Russian Academy of Sciences |
| Known for | Genome instability |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Biology, genomics |
| Institutions | Tufts University |
|  | |


abstract: The Chinese National Relief and Rehabilitation Administration was an organisation established by the government of the Republic of China to distribute relief aid after from 1945 to 1947. Under an agreement with the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) it was authorized to take possession of relief supplies and to distribute them. Critics have alleged that much of the aid was misappropriated.

text:
# Chinese National Relief and Rehabilitation Administration

The **Chinese National Relief and Rehabilitation Administration** (or **CNRRA** -pronounced "Sin-rah") was an organisation established by the government of the Republic of China to distribute relief aid after from 1945 to 1947. Under an agreement with the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) it was authorized to take possession of relief supplies and to distribute them. Critics have alleged that much of the aid was misappropriated.


title: Bembridge Windmill

abstract: Knowle Mill, better known today as Bembridge Windmill, is a Grade I listed, preserved tower mill at Bembridge, Isle of Wight, England.

text:
# Bembridge Windmill

**Knowle Mill**, better known today as **Bembridge Windmill**, is a Grade I listed, preserved tower mill at Bembridge, Isle of Wight, England.

## History

Bembridge Mill was built c. 1700. It was painted by Turner in 1795. The mill was working by wind until 1913, having only been used for grinding animal feed after 1897. The mill was restored in 1935 and again in 1959, the latter restoration being funded by public subscription. In 1962 the mill was taken over by the National Trust. It has been restored and is open to the public. New sails were fitted to the mill in March 2021.

## Description

Bembridge Mill is a four-storey tower mill with a boat-shaped cap, which is winded by chain and wheel. It has four *Common sails*. The two pairs of *millstones* are driven *underdrift*.

## Public access

Bembridge Windmill is open to the public between March and November, from 10:30 am to 5:00 pm daily. For more information please visit the National trust website.

## InfoBox

| Bembridge Windmill | |
| --- | --- |
| Bembridge Windmill | |
|  | |
| Origin | |
| Mill name | Knowle Mill |
| Grid reference | SZ 6398 8747 |
| Coordinates | 50°41′00″N 1°05′45″W / 50.68341°N 1.09578°W / 50.68341; -1.09578 |
| Operator(s) | National Trust |
| Year built | c1700 |
| Information | |
| Purpose | Corn mill |
| Type | Tower mill |
| Storeys | Four storeys |
| No. of sails | Four sails |
| Type of sails | Common sails |
| Winding | Hand winded by chain and wheel |
| No. of pairs of millstones | Two pairs |
| Other information | The only remaining windmill on the Isle of Wight |
| Listed Building – Grade I | |
| Designated | 16 April 1953 |
| Reference no. | 1034383 |
|  | |
|  | |