title: 1967 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

abstract: The 1967 North Indian Ocean cyclone season had no bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December, with peaks in May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean—the Bay of Bengal to the east of the Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Sea to the west of India. The official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in this basin is the India Meteorological Department (IMD), while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center releases unofficial advisories. An average of four to six storms form in the North Indian Ocean every season with peaks in May and November. Cyclones occurring between the meridians 45°E and 100°E are included in the season by the IMD.

text:
# 1967 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

The **1967 North Indian Ocean cyclone season** had no bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December, with peaks in May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean—the Bay of Bengal to the east of the Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Sea to the west of India. The official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in this basin is the India Meteorological Department (IMD), while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center releases unofficial advisories. An average of four to six storms form in the North Indian Ocean every season with peaks in May and November. Cyclones occurring between the meridians 45°E and 100°E are included in the season by the IMD.

## Season summary

## Systems

### Depression One (01B)

| Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | January 1 – January 7 |
| Peak intensity | 45 km/h (30 mph) (1-min);
 |

This storm moved from south to north.

### Cyclone Two (02B)

| Severe cyclonic storm (IMD) | |
| --- | --- |
| Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
|  | |
| Duration | May 14 – May 18 |
| Peak intensity | 100 km/h (65 mph) (3-min);
 |

This storm moved from south to north.

### Depression Three (03B)

| Depression (IMD) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | June 28 – June 29 |
| Peak intensity | Winds not specified;
 |

This depression moved from south to north.

### Depression Four (04B)

| Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | July 25 – July 29 |
| Peak intensity | 45 km/h (30 mph) (1-min);
 |

This depression moved from east to west.

### Depression Five (05B)

| Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | July 30 – August 2 |
| Peak intensity | 45 km/h (30 mph) (1-min);
 |

This depression moved from east to west.

### Depression Six (06B)

| Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | August 17 – August 19 |
| Peak intensity | 45 km/h (30 mph) (1-min);
 |

This depression moved from east to west.

### Depression Seven (07B)

| Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | September 1 – September 7 |
| Peak intensity | 45 km/h (30 mph) (1-min);
 |

This depression moved from east to west.

### Depression Eight (08B)

| Depression (IMD) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | September 19 – September 20 |
| Peak intensity | Winds not specified;
 |

This depression moved from south to north.

### Depression Nine (09B)

| Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | September 26 – September 29 |
| Peak intensity | 45 km/h (30 mph) (1-min);
 |

This depression moved from south to north.

### Cyclone Ten (10B)

| Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | October 7 – October 11 |
| Peak intensity | 120 km/h (75 mph) (1-min);
 |

On October 12, an intense cyclone struck the state of Odisha and left complete devastation along its path. The storm moved from southwest to northeast.

### Tropical Storm Eleven (11B)

| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | October 19 – October 21 |
| Peak intensity | 65 km/h (40 mph) (1-min);
 |

This tropical storm moved from east to west and made a tropical storm-force landfall on Sri Lanka.

### Cyclone Twelve (12B)

| Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | October 19 – October 23 |
| Peak intensity | 120 km/h (75 mph) (1-min);
 |

This cyclone moved from south to north.

### Depression Thirteen (13B)

| Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | October 30 – November 2 |
| Peak intensity | 45 km/h (30 mph) (1-min);
 |

This storm moved from east to west.

### Depression Fourteen (14B)

| Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | November 26 – November 30 |
| Peak intensity | 45 km/h (30 mph) (1-min);
 |

This storm moved from east to west.

### Cyclone Fifteen (15B)

| Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | December 3 – December 8 |
| Peak intensity | 120 km/h (75 mph) (1-min);
 |

This storm moved from southeast to northwest.

## InfoBox

| 1967 North Indian Ocean cyclone season | |
| --- | --- |
| Season summary map | |
| Seasonal boundaries | |
| First system formed | January 1 |
| Last system dissipated | December 8 |
| Seasonal statistics | |
| Depressions | 15 |
| Cyclonic storms | 6 |
| Severe cyclonic storms | 4 |
| Total fatalities | Unknown |
| Total damage | Unknown |
| Related articles | |
|  | |
|


title: Dresden School District

abstract: The Dresden School District is the first interstate school district in the United States. It operates the Francis C. Richmond Middle School and Hanover High School in Hanover, New Hampshire. The district is part of the New Hampshire's School Administrative Unit (SAU) 70, which also includes two other school districts, each with its own school board: the Hanover School District, which operates the Bernice A. Ray Elementary School in Hanover, and the Norwich School District, which operates the Marion Cross Elementary School in Norwich, Vermont.

text:
# Dresden School District

The **Dresden School District** is the first interstate school district in the United States. It operates the Francis C. Richmond Middle School and Hanover High School in Hanover, New Hampshire. The district is part of the New Hampshire's School Administrative Unit (SAU) 70, which also includes two other school districts, each with its own school board: the Hanover School District, which operates the Bernice A. Ray Elementary School in Hanover, and the Norwich School District, which operates the Marion Cross Elementary School in Norwich, Vermont.

## History

Norwich, Vermont, and Hanover, New Hampshire, lie on opposite sides of the Connecticut River. Many Norwich residents were employed at Dartmouth College and the Mary Hitchcock Hospital in Hanover. Before 1964, Hanover had provided secondary education to Norwich students on a tuition basis, paid by the Norwich school district, which had no local high school. Growth in enrollment in Hanover High School necessitated new construction, which would have been easier to finance with contributions from Norwich. Norwich was unable by state law to contribute to Hanover's construction cost, and Hanover was unable by state law to give Norwich any voice in the operation of the schools.

Several Dartmouth College faculty members on the Hanover and Norwich school boards (John G. Kemeny, later president of Dartmouth, in Hanover and Donald Kreider and William Ballard in Norwich) sought to solve these problems by creating the Dresden School District. They secured consent from the towns of Hanover and Norwich, the legislatures of New Hampshire and Vermont, and the United States Congress (whose consent was required because the Compact Clause \[Article I, Section 10, Clause 3\] of the United States Constitution provides that "No State shall, without the Consent of Congress,... enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State"). The congressional bill creating the district was one of the last John F. Kennedy signed before his assassination in 1963.

The name *Dresden* was taken from the name of the corner of Hanover in which Dartmouth College was located in the 1770s. Between 1776 and 1784, citizens of Dresden sought to secede from the state of New Hampshire, either by joining with Norwich and other nearby towns in a new state called New Connecticut or by joining the state of Vermont. The dispute ended in 1784 when Vermont, under pressure from George Washington, rescinded its 1781 annexation of Dresden.

43°41′57″N 72°17′1″W / 43.69917°N 72.28361°W / 43.69917; -72.28361


title: Stardom Gold Rush

abstract: Stardom Gold Rush Stardom Gold Rush was a professional wrestling event promoted by World Wonder Ring Stardom. The event took place on November 19, 2022, in Osaka at the Edion Arena Osaka with limited attendance due in part to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic at the time.

text:
# Stardom Gold Rush

**Stardom Gold Rush** (スターダムゴールドラッシュ, *Sutādamugōrudorasshu*) was a professional wrestling event promoted by World Wonder Ring Stardom. The event took place on November 19, 2022, in Osaka at the Edion Arena Osaka with limited attendance due in part to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic at the time.

## Production

### Background

The show featured nine professional wrestling matches that resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches. The event's press conference was broadcast live on Stardom's YouTube channel on November 8, 2022.

### Event

The two preshow matches were broadcast live on Stardom's YouTube channel. In the first one, Natsuko Tora & Ruaka picked up a victory over Lady C & Miyu Amasaki and Saya Iida & Momo Kohgo. In the second one, AZM successfully defended the High Speed Championship for the eighth consecutive time against Momoka Hanazono. The first main card match saw Giulia, Thekla & Mai Sakurai picking up a victory over Tam Nakano, Natsupoi & Waka Tsukiyama in the first rounds of a "Moneyball Tournament". The other first-round match presented Mayu Iwatani, Hazuki & Koguma also advancing over Mirai, Future of Stardom Champion Ami Sourei & Tomoka Inaba. In the fifth match, two-thirds of the Artist of Stardom Champions Momo Watanabe & Starlight Kid defeated other third of the artist champions Saki Kashima & Fukigen Death to secure two points in the 2022 edition of the Tag League. Maika & Himeka also scored additional two points in the tag league by defeating Nanae Takahashi & Yuu. The seventh match saw Saya Kamitani successfully defending the Wonder of Stardom Championship for the eleventh consecutive time after going into a time-limit draw against Kairi, concluding a rescheduled match which Kairi was initially meant to have at Stardom x Stardom: Nagoya Midsummer Encounter on August 21, 2022 but needed to pull out due to COVID issues. The semi-main event saw Syuri defending the World of Stardom Championship for the tenth time in a row against Utami Hayashishita. After the match, Giulia came down to the ring to remind Syuri about their match at *Dream Queendom* on December 29.

The main event portrayed the confrontation between Stars (Mayu Iwatani, Hazuki & Koguma) and Donna Del Mondo (Giulia, Thekla & Mai Sakurai) in a Tables, ladders & chairs match in which a plastic ball full of money was suspended over the ring. Hazuki & Iwatani succeeded in grabbing the money and winning the match.

## Matches

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1P | Oedo Tai (Natsuko Tora and Ruaka) defeated Queen's Quest (Lady C and Miyu Amasaki) and Stars (Momo Kohgo and Saya Iida) | Three-way tag team match | 4:31 |
| 2P | AZM (c) defeated Momoka Hanazono | Singles match for the High Speed Championship | 8:04 |
| 3 | Donna Del Mondo (Giulia, Mai Sakurai and Thekla) defeated Cosmic Angels (Natsupoi, Tam Nakano and Waka Tsukiyama) | Moneyball tournament first round match | 8:42 |
| 4 | Stars (Hazuki, Koguma and Mayu Iwatani) defeated God's Eye (Ami Sourei, Mirai and Tomoka Inaba) | Moneyball tournament first round match | 10:05 |
| 5 | Black Desire (Momo Watanabe and Starlight Kid) defeated We Love Tokyo Sports (Fukigen Death and Saki Kashima) | Goddesses of Stardom Tag League group stage match | 5:47 |
| 6 | MaiHime (Himeka and Maika) defeated 7Upp (Nanae Takahashi and Yuu) | Goddesses of Stardom Tag League group stage match | 14:05 |
| 7 | Saya Kamitani (c) vs. Kairi ended in a time-limit draw | Singles match for the Wonder of Stardom Championship | 30:00 |
| 8 | Syuri (c) defeated Utami Hayashishita | Singles match for the World of Stardom Championship | 28:14 |
| 9 | Stars (Hazuki, Koguma and Mayu Iwatani) defeated Donna Del Mondo (Giulia, Mai Sakurai and Thekla) | Six-woman tag team Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match in the Moneyball tournament final | 9:58 |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match  P  – the match was broadcast on the pre-show | | | |

## InfoBox

| Stardom Gold Rush | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional poster of the event featuring various wrestlers | |
| Promotion | World Wonder Ring Stardom |
| Date | November 19, 2022 |
| City | Osaka, Japan |
| Venue | Edion Arena Osaka |
| Attendance | 1,620 |
| Event chronology | |
| **Previous**
Hiroshima Goddess Festival **Next**
Historic X-Over | |
| Gold Rush chronology | |
| **Previous**
*First* **Next**
2023 | |


title: Edmonton/Cooking Lake Water Aerodrome

abstract: Edmonton/Cooking Lake Water Aerodrome is located 15.7 nautical miles east southeast of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The aerodrome is located on Cooking Lake.

text:
# Edmonton/Cooking Lake Water Aerodrome

**Edmonton/Cooking Lake Water Aerodrome** (TC LID: **CEE7**) is located 15.7 nautical miles (29.1 km; 18.1 mi) east southeast of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The aerodrome is located on Cooking Lake.

## InfoBox

| Edmonton/Cooking Lake Water Aerodrome | |
| --- | --- |
| Cooking Lake | |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Owner/Operator | Cooking Lake Condominium Association |
| Serves | Edmonton Metropolitan Region |
| Location | Strathcona County, near Edmonton, Alberta |
| Time zone | MST (UTC−07:00) |
| Summer (DST) | MDT (UTC−06:00) |
| Elevation AMSL | 2,419 ft / 737 m |
| Coordinates | 53°25′22″N 113°06′16″W / 53.42278°N 113.10444°W / 53.42278; -113.10444 |
| Map | |
| CEE7Location in AlbertaCEE7CEE7 (Canada) | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  n/a n/a n/a Water | |
| Source: Water Aerodrome Supplement | |


title: South Coventry (CDP), Connecticut

abstract: South Coventry is a census-designated place and part of the town of Coventry in Tolland County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 1,483 at the 2010 census.

text:
# South Coventry (CDP), Connecticut

**South Coventry** is a census-designated place and part of the town of Coventry in Tolland County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 1,483 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 8.3 km2 (3.2 mi2), of which 8.3 km2 (3.2 mi2) is land and 0.31% is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,381 people, 555 households, and 341 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 166.1/km2 (430.2/mi2). There were 576 housing units at an average density of 69.3/km2 (179.4/mi2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.26% White, 0.22% African American, 0.58% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.36% from other races, and 0.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.81% of the population.

There were 555 households, out of which 33.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.3% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.4% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.17.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 33.3% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $44,063, and the median income for a family was $66,853. Males had a median income of $45,000 versus $34,018 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $26,817. About 5.6% of families and 8.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.5% of those under age 18 and 11.1% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable person

41°46′12″N 72°18′18″W / 41.77000°N 72.30500°W / 41.77000; -72.30500

## InfoBox

| South Coventry, Connecticut | |
| --- | --- |
| CDP | |
| Kingsbury Box and Printing, 1905 | |
| Location in Tolland County and the state of Connecticut | |
| Coordinates: 41°46′12″N 72°18′18″W / 41.77000°N 72.30500°W / 41.77000; -72.30500 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Connecticut |
| County | Tolland |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.2 sq mi (8.3 km2) |
| Land | 3.2 sq mi (8.3 km2) |
| Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2) |
| Elevation | 525 ft (160 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 1,483 |
| Density | 430.2/sq mi (166.1/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| FIPS code | 09-69990 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1867101 |


title: José Antonio Raón y Gutiérrez

abstract: José Antonio Raón y Gutiérrez was a Spanish general who served as Royal Governor of Panama, and the 50th Governor-General of the Philippines. He is known as an able administrator despite being perceived as corrupt.

text:
# José Antonio Raón y Gutiérrez

**José Antonio Raón y Gutiérrez** (c. 1700 – 4 January 1773) was a Spanish general who served as Royal Governor of Panama, and the 50th Governor-General of the Philippines. He is known as an able administrator despite being perceived as corrupt.

## Early life and career

There is not much known about the early career of Raón other than that he was from Calahorra and that he was born around 1700. However, there is documentary evidence which suggests that he was married to Josefa Mondragon. They had two children: José Raón, a lieutenant, and Josefa Delgado y Amate. In 1761, he was appointed as interim Royal Governor of Panama, the first appointment made by Charles III of Spain in the colonial administrative district. Before his appointment, he served as a brigadier general in the Spanish Army.

## Governor General of the Philippines

Only 6 July 1765, Raón arrived in the Philippines, coincidental with the arrival of the ship *Buen Consejo*, which went around the Cape of Good Hope. The *Buen Consejo* was the first Spanish ship to travel through the area since the Dutch took over in 1652. He was responsible for the expulsion of Jesuits in the Philippines, pursuant to the royal decree made by Charles III of Spain in 1767, as well as revising the "Ordinances of Good Government" in 1768, a document drafted by former Governor-General Pedro Manuel de Arandía Santisteban. The delay in the arrival of the decree, which was received in the Philippines by 1768, allowed the Jesuit priests to hide all of their possessions and destroy documents that could be held against them, which were supposed to be confiscated. It was said that Raón warned the Jesuits beforehand in exchange of a large amount of money. The first batch of Jesuits, numbered 64, left Manila only by May 17, 1768. Between 1769 and 1771 the Jesuits in the Philippines were transported to Spain and from there deported to Italy. The lack of Jesuits in Spain and the colonies prompted José Moñino, 1st Count of Floridablanca, the reformist chief minister of Charles III of Spain, to undertake a program of hiring new teachers and modernizing the Spanish educational system. In the Philippines, this meant that every village or barrio was allocated a school and a teacher. The implementation of these reforms expanded the reach of basic education in the archipelago. Meanwhile, in his attempt to bring peace to the archipelago, he offered amnesty to Francisco Dagohoy, who was leading the Dagohoy Rebellion in Bohol since 1744. However, the offer was turned down.

The British invasion of Manila encouraged Moro raiders to attack Mariveles, Bataan, a town in the Manila Bay area. During the invasion, Sultan Azim ud-Din I of Sulu was reinstated by the British, and the attack was part of the sultan's revenge on the Spaniards. In response to this, Raón launched a military campaign against the raiders. However, lack of resources dampened Raón's resistance. Meanwhile, the Chinese were ordered to be exiled following a royal decree in 1766. This was in response to the collaboration of a number of Chinese during the British invasion. However, he chose not to implement the decree in full measure, and Chinese and other foreign vessels continued to anchor in Manila Bay. At this time, French astronomer Guillaume Le Gentil visited the Philippines. He observed that Raón received "presents" from the respective captains of the vessels, which Raón himself displayed to the French astronomer. This elevated the perception of corruption during the Raón administration. It was also during Le Gentil's visit in 1766 when a powerful storm struck Manila. Raón wrote that this storm "brought great misery to the people."

## Death

In 1770, the Real Audiencia sent Simón de Anda y Salazar to assume Raón's position. Anda arrived in July of the same year to succeed as Governor-General. The subsequent investigation (*residencia*) into Raón and three other associates, namely Francisco Henriquez de Villacorta, Domingo Blas de Basaraz (special commissioner for the expulsion of Jesuits), and Juan Antonio Cosio (Raón's secretary), was one of Anda's first acts as the new governor. The first two were members of the Real Audiencia of Manila, while the last one was Raón's secretary. The investigation went for almost three years, but he was never convicted and Raón died in Manila on 4 January 1773 before the investigation could be finalized. Raón Street in Manila was named in his honor. Later on, it was renamed as Gonzalo Puyat Street. The namesake was a Filipino industrialist and father of former Senator Gil Puyat.

## InfoBox

| José Antonio Raón y Gutiérrez | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 50th Governor-General of the Philippines | |
| **In office**
6 July 1765  July 1770 | |
| Preceded by | Francisco Javier de la Torre |
| Succeeded by | Simón de Anda y Salazar |
| Royal Governor of Panama (interim) | |
| **In office**
1761–1762 | |
| Preceded by | Antonio de Guill y Gonzaga |
| Succeeded by | José de Arana y Górnica |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | c. 1700
Calahorra, La Rioja Spain |
| Died | 4 January 1773
Manila, Captaincy General of the Philippines |
| Spouse | Josefa Mondragón |
| Children | José Raón
Josefa Delgado y Amate |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Spain |
| Branch/service | Spanish Army |
| Rank | Brigadier general |
|  | |


title: Sir Lionel Tollemache, 2nd Baronet

abstract: Sir Lionel Tollemache, 2nd Baronet PC, of Helmingham Hall in Suffolk, was twice elected as a Member of Parliament for Orford in Suffolk, in 1621 and 1628. He had a considerable reputation as a surgeon, but is said to have made many enemies due to his "immoderate temper".

text:
# Sir Lionel Tollemache, 2nd Baronet

**Sir Lionel Tollemache, 2nd Baronet** (2 August 1591 – 6 September 1640) PC, of Helmingham Hall in Suffolk, was twice elected as a Member of Parliament for Orford in Suffolk, in 1621 and 1628. He had a considerable reputation as a surgeon, but is said to have made many enemies due to his "immoderate temper".

## Origins

He was born on 2 August 1591, the son and heir of Sir Lionel Tollemache, 1st Baronet (1562–1612) of Helmingham, and Katharine Cromwell, daughter of Henry Cromwell, 2nd Baron Cromwell and Mary Paulet.

## Career

He was knighted at the Palace of Whitehall on 15 November 1612 and succeeded to the baronetcy and estate of Helmingham on the death of his father in 1612. In 1621 he was elected a Member of Parliament for Orford in Suffolk. He was a Privy Councillor to King James I and Charles I. In 1628 he was elected an MP for Orford again and sat until 1629 when King Charles embarked on his period of Personal Rule without parliament for eleven years.

## Marriage and children

On 16 December 1612 at St Martin in the Fields, Westminster he married Elizabeth Stanhope, a daughter of John Stanhope, 1st Baron Stanhope of Harrington (by his second wife Margaret McWilliams), by whom he had a son and six daughters, including:

## Death and burial

Tollemache died suddenly at Tilbury in Essex on 6 September 1640, in his 49th year, and was buried in St Mary's Church, Helmingham, where survives his mural monument with semi-recumbent effigy, commenced by his father and completed by himself.

* Cokayne, George E. (1900). *Complete Baronetage*. Vol. 1. Exeter: W. Pollard. OL 14095928M.
* Ferris, John P. (2010). "Tollemache (Talmash), Sir Lionel, 2nd Bt. (1591-1640), of Helmingham Hall, Suff.; Brunt Hall, Great Fakenham, Suff. and Charing Cross, Westminster". In Thrush, Andrew; Ferris, John P. (eds.). *The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1604-1629*  via History of Parliament Online.
* Hampson, Gillian; Henning, Basil Duke (1983). "Cholmondeley Thomas (1627-1702), of Vale Royal, Cheshire". In Henning, B. D. (ed.). *The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1660-1690*  via History of Parliament Online.
* Hanham, Andrew A. (2002). "Mordaunt, Sir John, 5th Bt. (bef.1649-1721), of Walton D'Eiville, Warws.; Massingham Parva, Norf.; and St. James's, Westminster, Mdx". In Hayton, D.; Cruickshanks, E. (eds.). *The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1690-1715*  via History of Parliament Online.

## InfoBox

| Lionel Tollemache | |
| --- | --- |
| 2nd Baronet of Helmingham | |
| Arms of Tollemache: *Argent, a fret sable* | |
| Successor | Sir Lionel Tollemache, 3rd Baronet |
| Born | (1591-08-02)2 August 1591
Helmingham Hall |
| Baptised | 15 August 1591
Helmingham |
| Died | 6 September 1640(1640-09-06) (aged 49)
Tilbury |
| Buried | St. Mary's Church, Helmingham, Suffolk
52°10′25″N 1°12′09″E / 52.1735°N 1.2024°E / 52.1735; 1.2024 |
| Noble family | Tollemache |
| Spouse(s) | Elizabeth Stanhope |
| Issue | Lionel
Jane
Elizabeth
Anne |
| Father | Sir Lionel Tollemache, 1st Baronet |
| Mother | Katherine Cromwell |
| Occupation | MP for Orford |


abstract: The Boscawen Academy and Much-I-Do Hose House are a pair of historic civic buildings in Boscawen, New Hampshire. Now owned by the Boscawen Historical Society, these two buildings played a significant role in the civic history of the town for over 150 years, and were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

text:
# Boscawen Academy and Much-I-Do Hose House

The **Boscawen Academy and Much-I-Do Hose House** are a pair of historic civic buildings in Boscawen, New Hampshire. Now owned by the Boscawen Historical Society, these two buildings played a significant role in the civic history of the town for over 150 years, and were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

## Boscawen Academy

The Boscawen Academy was a private school chartered by the state of New Hampshire in 1827 as part of a general plan to improve secondary education. This two story Federal style brick building was constructed in 1827-28 by William Abbot, a local joiner who also built a number of other civic buildings in central New Hampshire. The brick exterior is laid in common bond, with a header course every eight rows. It has a low pitch gable roof whose pedimented end, above the front facade, has a fanlight window. The front facade is three bays wide, with a central door topped by a fanlight transom. The side walls are four bays long; the first window on each side has been bricked over, apparently as part of 19th century alterations to the stairwells inside. Centered above the front entry is a two-stage tower: it has a square base, above which is an open belfry supported by four posts and surrounded by a balustrade. The tower is topped by a four-sided cupola and weathervane.

The inside of the academy has been relatively unaltered since the 19th century. Each level has one large classroom, and the front of the building has a pair of staircases rising on either side of the front door. There is a small room at the top of the stairs on the second floor. The building was remodeled in 1858, giving some of its interior finishes a Greek Revival flavor, and again sometime after 1872.

The academy was operated as a private school until 1872, when the building was sold to the Boscawen Public Schools for $2,000. It was operated as a public school until 1966, after which it was sold to the Boscawen Historical Society.

## Much-I-Do Hose House

The "Much-I-Do" Hose House is a modest single story wood-frame building located just north of the academy building. When built in 1893, the building was about half its present size, and was built to store the hoses of Boscawen's number 2 fire company (which was dubbed "Much-I-Do" in 1904). In 1922 its size was doubled to accommodate the housing of a fire truck, and overhead doors were added to the front at a later date. It was used as a fire station until 1969, and as the local police station from 1971 to 1973. It was then given to the Boscawen Historical Society, which leases half the building to serve as the local post office, while using the other half for storage.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Boscawen Academy and Much-I-Do Hose House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Hose house on the left, academy on the right | |
|  | |
| Location | King St., Boscawen, New Hampshire |
| Coordinates | 43°19′3″N 71°37′20″W / 43.31750°N 71.62222°W / 43.31750; -71.62222 |
| Area | 0.8 acres (0.32 ha) |
| Built | 1827 (1827) |
| Built by | Abbott, William |
| Architectural style | Federal |
| NRHP reference No. | 80000292 |
| Added to NRHP | December 8, 1980 |


title: Light Made Lighter

abstract: Light Made Lighter is the second album by American jazz pianist Craig Taborn, which was released in 2001 on Thirsty Ear's Blue Series.

text:
# Light Made Lighter

***Light Made Lighter*** is the second album by American jazz pianist Craig Taborn, which was released in 2001 on Thirsty Ear's Blue Series.

## Recording and reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz |  |

The album was recorded in October 2001.

In his review for AllMusic, Thom Jurek states "This is one of the best records in Thirsty Ear's 'Blue' series thus far, and, more importantly, it reveals to American audiences what a monster Taborn really is as a pianist." *The Penguin Guide to Jazz* says "There are hints of nursery rhyme and calipso on the opening track which suggest a certain personal resonance, and which inevitably recalls some of Andrew Hill's Caribbean stuff, but elsewhere the tone is more sombre."

## Track listing

*All compositions by Craig Taborn except as indicated* 1. "Bodies We Came Out Of" – 4:57
2. "St. Ride" – 2:03
3. "I Cover the Waterfront" (Johnny Green) – 3:09
4. "Crocodile" – 6:44
5. "Light Made Lighter" – 5:24
6. "Whiskey Warm" – 2:57
7. "Morning Creatures" – 2:26
8. "St. Ranglehold" – 2:56
9. "American Landscape" – 4:22
10. "Light Made Lighter - Piano" – 1:57
11. "Bodies We Came Out Of - Part two" – 3:39

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Light Made Lighter | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Craig Taborn | |
| Released | 2001 |
| Recorded | October 2001 |
| Studio | The Studio, New York City |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 40:34 |
| Label | Thirsty Ear |
| Producer | Matthew Shipp |
| Craig Taborn chronology | |
| *Craig Taborn Trio*
(1994) ***Light Made Lighter***
(2001) *Junk Magic*
(2004) | |


title: Church of All Saints, Dulverton

abstract: The Anglican Church of All Saints in Dulverton, Somerset, England was built in the 15th century and largely rebuilt in the 1850s. It is a Grade II* listed building.

text:
# Church of All Saints, Dulverton

The Anglican **Church of All Saints** in Dulverton, Somerset, England was built in the 15th century and largely rebuilt in the 1850s. It is a Grade II\* listed building.

## History

A church was recorded on the site by 1155 when it was squired by the Augustinians of Taunton Priory.

The tower of All Saints Church in Bank Square survives from the 15th-century building; however, the rest of the church was extensively restored between 1853 and 1855 when it was largely rebuilt by Edward Ashworth.

In 2012 the BBC Radio programme Any Questions? was broadcast from the church.

The parish is part of the benefice of Dulverton with Brushford, Brompton Regis, Upton and Withiel Florey within the Diocese of Bath and Wells.

## Architecture

The stone building has Hamstone dressings and a slate roof. The nave is of four bays. The three-stage west tower is supported by diagonal buttresses.

The interior of the church includes several tablets memorials and fittings from the church before its restoration including a royal coat of arms from 1714.

The churchyard is accessed via a lychgate from the town.

## InfoBox

| Church of All Saints | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Dulverton, Somerset, England |
| Coordinates | 51°02′28″N 3°32′59″W / 51.0411°N 3.5496°W / 51.0411; -3.5496 |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade II\* | |
| Official name | Church of All Saints |
| Designated | 6 April 1959 |
| Reference no. | 1247824 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Church of All Saints in Somerset | |


title: Richmond Stakes

abstract: The Richmond Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old colts and geldings. It is run at Goodwood over a distance of 6 furlongs, and it is scheduled to take place each year in late July or early August.

text:
# Richmond Stakes

Richmond Stakes
| 2024 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
| Black Forza | The Strikin Viking | Intrusively |

| Previous years | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2023 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Vandeek | Ballymount Boy | Toca Madera |
| 2022 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Royal Scotsman | Al Karrar | Chateau |
| 2021 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Asymmetric | Khunan | Gubbass |

| 2020-2011 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Supremacy | Yazaman | Lauded |
| 2019 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Golden Horde | Threat | Royal Dornoch |
| 2018 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Land Force | Marie's Diamond | Shine So Bright |
| 2017 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Barraquero | Nebo | Cardsharp |
| 2016 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Mehmas | Blue Point | Intelligence Cross |
| 2015 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Shalaa | Tasleet | Steady Pace |
| 2014 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Ivawood | Louie de Palma | Jungle Cat |
| 2013 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Saayerr | Cable Bay | Thunder Strike |
| 2012 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Heavy Metal | Master Of War | Cay Verde |
| 2011 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Harbour Watch | Bannock | Caspar Netscher |

| 2010-2001 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Libranno | The Paddyman | Roayh |
| 2009 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Dick Turpin | Buzzword | Stargaze |
| 2008 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Prolific | Gallagher | Reve De Soleil |
| 2007 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Strike The Deal | Fat Boy | One Great Cat |
| 2006 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Hamoody | Bodes Galaxy | Dubai's Touch |
| 2005 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Always Hopeful | Royal Prince | Mullaad |
| 2004 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Montgomery's Arch | Mystical Land | Silver Wraith |
| 2003 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Carrizo Creek | Old Deuteronomy | Cedarberg |
| 2002 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Revenue | Checkit | Hurricane Alan |
| 2001 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Mister Cosmi | Prince Dayjur | Anna Walhaan |

| 2000-1991 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Pyrus | Ceepio | Industrial Pride |
| 1999 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Bachir | Hunting Lion | Ginola's Magic |
| 1998 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Muqtarib | Sarson | Rosselli |
| 1997 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Daggers Drawn | Lord Kintyre | Bodyguard |
| 1996 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Easycall | Raphane | Roman Imp |
| 1995 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Polaris Flight | MubhijI | Kahir Almaydan |
| 1994 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Sri Pekan | Fallow | Pentire |
| 1993 | | |
|  |  |  |
| First Trump | Stonehatch | Fumo Di Londra |
| 1992 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Son Pardo | Canaska Star | Green's Bid |
| 1991 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Dilum | Showbrook | Diamond Mine |

| 1990-1983 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1990 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Mac's Imp | Distinctly North | Sylva Honda |
| 1989 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Contract Law | Qui Danzig | Rushmore |
| 1988 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Heart Of Arabia | Zakhir | Weldnaas |
| 1987 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Warning | Bellefella | Lapierre |
| 1986 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Rich Charlie | Dominion Royale | Carol's Treasure |
| 1985 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Nomination | Green Desert | Stalker |
| 1984 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Primo Dominie | Overtrump | Doulab |
| 1983 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Godstone | Creag-an-Sgor | Indigo Jones |
|  | | |

The **Richmond Stakes** is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old colts and geldings. It is run at Goodwood over a distance of 6 furlongs (1,207 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late July or early August.

## History

The event is named after the Duke of Richmond, one of the dukedoms held by the owner of Goodwood Racecourse. It was established in 1877, and it was originally open to horses of either gender. Six of the first eight winners were ridden by the jockey Fred Archer.

Several winners of the Richmond Stakes have gone on to win one or more of the following year's Classics. The most recent was Palestine, the winner of the 2000 Guineas in 1950.

The Richmond Stakes was restricted to male horses in 1989. It was sponsored by Diageo in promotion of the Tanqueray brand from 2010 and 2011, by Audi in 2012 and 2013, and by Qatar Bloodstock since 2014.

The race is currently held on the third day of the five-day Glorious Goodwood meeting.

## Records

**Leading jockey (6 wins):**

* Fred Archer*Jannette (1877), Wheel of Fortune (1878), Bend Or (1879), Bal Gal (1880), Dutch Oven (1881), Rosy Morn (1884)*
* Lester Piggott*Romantic (1962), Swing Easy (1970), Dragonara Palace (1973), J. O. Tobin (1976), Persian Bold (1977), Gallant Special (1982)*

**Leading trainer (5 wins):**

* Mathew Dawson*Jannette (1877), Wheel of Fortune (1878), Bal Gal (1880), Dutch Oven (1881), Rosy Morn (1884)*
* Richard Hannon Sr.*Son Pardo (1992), Prolific (2008), Dick Turpin (2009), Libranno (2010), Harbour Watch (2011)*

## Winners since 1975

| Year | Winner | Jockey | Trainer | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1975 | Stand to Reason | Willie Carson | Barry Hills | 1:13.20 |
| 1976 | J. O. Tobin | Lester Piggott | Noel Murless | 1:12.40 |
| 1977 | Persian Bold | Lester Piggott | Tony Ingham | 1:13.90 |
| 1978 | Young Generation | Greville Starkey | Guy Harwood | 1:13.60 |
| 1979 | Castle Green | Paul Cook | Michael Stoute |  |
| 1980 | Another Realm | Joe Mercer | Frankie Durr |  |
| 1981 | Tender King | Philip Waldron | John Sutcliffe, Jr. | 1:13.10 |
| 1982 | Gallant Special | Lester Piggott | Robert Armstrong | 1:11.80 |
| 1983 | Godstone | Graham Sexton | Patrick Haslam | 1:11.00 |
| 1984 | Primo Dominie | John Reid | Brian Swift | 1:12.60 |
| 1985 | Nomination | Richard Quinn | Paul Cole |  |
| 1986 | Rich Charlie | John Reid | Charlie Nelson | 1:11.65 |
| 1987 | Warning | Pat Eddery | Guy Harwood | 1:12.96 |
| 1988 | Heart of Arabia | Ray Cochrane | Clive Brittain | 1:13.45 |
| 1989 | Contract Law | Bruce Raymond | William Jarvis | 1:12.23 |
| 1990 | Mac's Imp | Alan Munro | Bill O'Gorman | 1:10.25 |
| 1991 | Dilum | Alan Munro | Paul Cole | 1:13.05 |
| 1992 | Son Pardo | John Reid | Richard Hannon Sr. | 1:11.26 |
| 1993 | First Trump | Michael Hills | Geoff Wragg | 1:12.69 |
| 1994 | Sri Pekan | Richard Quinn | Paul Cole | 1:11.51 |
| 1995 | Polaris Flight | John Reid | Peter Chapple-Hyam | 1:11.27 |
| 1996 | Easycall | Brett Doyle | Brian Meehan | 1:12.13 |
| 1997 | Daggers Drawn | Kieren Fallon | Henry Cecil | 1:12.62 |
| 1998 | Muqtarib | Richard Hills | John Dunlop | 1:14.46 |
| 1999 | Bachir | Frankie Dettori | John Gosden | 1:09.81 |
| 2000 | Pyrus | Michael Kinane | Aidan O'Brien | 1:12.99 |
| 2001 | Mister Cosmi | Kevin Darley | Mark Johnston | 1:11.55 |
| 2002 | Revenue | Darryll Holland | Michael Bell | 1:10.80 |
| 2003 | Carrizo Creek | Kieren Fallon | Brian Meehan | 1:12.25 |
| 2004 | Montgomery's Arch | Jimmy Fortune | Peter Chapple-Hyam | 1:12.81 |
| 2005 | Always Hopeful | Graham Gibbons | Eoghan O'Neill | 1:13.05 |
| 2006 | Hamoody | Alan Munro | Peter Chapple-Hyam | 1:10.68 |
| 2007 | Strike the Deal | Eddie Ahern | Jeremy Noseda | 1:11.59 |
| 2008 | Prolific | Richard Hughes | Richard Hannon Sr. | 1:11.13 |
| 2009 | Dick Turpin | Richard Hughes | Richard Hannon Sr. | 1:11.31 |
| 2010 | Libranno | Richard Hughes | Richard Hannon Sr. | 1:11.48 |
| 2011 | Harbour Watch | Richard Hughes | Richard Hannon Sr. | 1:10.23 |
| 2012 | Heavy Metal | Joe Fanning | Mark Johnston | 1:11.41 |
| 2013 | Saayerr | Ryan Moore | William Haggas | 1:10.14 |
| 2014 | Ivawood | Richard Hughes | Richard Hannon Jr. | 1:10.09 |
| 2015 | Shalaa | Frankie Dettori | John Gosden | 1:10.82 |
| 2016 | Mehmas | Frankie Dettori | Richard Hannon Jr. | 1:11.00 |
| 2017 | Barraquero | William Buick | Brian Meehan | 1:15.42 |
| 2018 | Land Force | Ryan Moore | Aidan O'Brien | 1:11.50 |
| 2019 | Golden Horde | Adam Kirby | Clive Cox | 1:11.01 |
| 2020 | Supremacy | Adam Kirby | Clive Cox | 1:10.13 |
| 2021 | Asymmetric | Martin Harley | Alan King | 1:14.31 |
| 2022 | Royal Scotsman | Jim Crowley | Paul and Oliver Cole | 1:09.66 |
| 2023 | Vandeek | Andrea Atzeni | Simon & Ed Crisford | 1:13.45 |
| 2024 | Black Forza | Dylan Browne McMonagle | Michael O'Callaghan | 1:09.97 |

## Earlier winners

* 1877: Jannette
* 1878: Wheel of Fortune
* 1879: Bend Or
* 1880: Bal Gal
* 1881: Dutch Oven
* 1882: Sigmophone
* 1883: Duke of Richmond
* 1884: Rosy Morn
* 1885: Sunrise
* 1886: Panzerschiff
* 1887: Friar's Balsam
* 1888: Gulliver
* 1889: Golden Gate
* 1890: Siphonia
* 1891: Orme
* 1892: Inverdon
* 1893: Galloping Dick
* 1894: The Nipper
* 1895: Persimmon
* 1896: Chillingham
* 1897: Paladore
* 1898: St Gris
* 1899: Winifreda
* 1900: Handicapper
* 1901: Duke of Westminster
* 1902: Mead
* 1903: Queen's Holiday
* 1904: Polymelus
* 1905: Lally
* 1906: Weathercock
* 1907: Bolted
* 1908: Bayardo
* 1909: Charles O'Malley
* 1910: Pietri
* 1911: Sweeper
* 1912: Seremond
* 1913: Black Jester
* 1914: Pommern
* 1915–18: *no race*
* 1919: Golden Guinea
* 1920: Sunblaze
* 1921: Fodder
* 1922: Bombay Duck
* 1923: Halcyon
* 1924: Manna
* 1925: Pantera
* 1926: The Satrap
* 1927: Gang Warily
* 1928: Rattlin the Reefer
* 1929: Challenger
* 1930: Four Course
* 1931: Spenser
* 1932: Solar Boy
* 1933: Colombo
* 1934: Bobsleigh
* 1935: Mahmoud
* 1936: Perifox
* 1937: Unbreakable
* 1938: Chancery
* 1939: Moradabad
* 1940–45: *no race*
* 1946: Petition
* 1947: Birthday Greetings
* 1948: Star King *
* 1949: Palestine
* 1950: Grey Sovereign
* 1951: Gay Time
* 1952: Artane
* 1953: The Pie King
* 1954: Eubulides
* 1955: Ratification
* 1956: Red God
* 1957: Promulgation
* 1958: Hieroglyph
* 1959: Dollar Piece
* 1960: Typhoon
* 1961: Sovereign Lord
* 1962: Romantic
* 1963: Gentle Art
* 1964: Ragtime
* 1965: Sky Gipsy
* 1966: Hambleden
* 1967: Berber
* 1968: Tudor Music
* 1969: Village Boy
* 1970: Swing Easy
* 1971: Sallust
* 1972: Master Sing
* 1973: Dragonara Palace
* 1974: Legal Eagle

* The 1948 winner *Star King* was later exported to Australia and renamed *Star Kingdom*.

* Paris-Turf:
    + "1979"., "1981"., "1983"., "1984"., "1985"., "1986"., "1987".
* Racing Post:
* galopp-sieger.de*Richmond Stakes.*
* ifhaonline.org*International Federation of Horseracing Authorities – Richmond Stakes (2019).*
* pedigreequery.com*Richmond Stakes – Goodwood.*
* Abelson, Edward; John Tyrrel (1993). *The Breedon Book of Horse Racing Records*. Breedon Books. pp. 133–135. ISBN 1-873626-15-0.

## InfoBox

Richmond Stakes
| Group 2 race | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Goodwood Racecourse
W. Sussex, England |
| Inaugurated | 1877 |
| Race type | Flat / Thoroughbred |
| Sponsor | Qatar Bloodstock |
| Website | Goodwood |
| Race information | |
| Distance | 6f (1,207 metres) |
| Surface | Turf |
| Track | Straight |
| Qualification | Two-year-old
colts and geldings |
| Weight | 9 st 0 lb
**Penalties**
3 lb for G1 / G2 winners |
| Purse | 150,000 *(2021)*
**1st:** £85,065 |


title: Dresden Porcelain

abstract: The Sächsische Porzellan-Manufaktur Dresden GmbH, generally known in English as Dresden Porcelain, was a German company for the production of decorative and luxury porcelain. Founded in 1872, it was located in Potschappel, a suburb of the town of Freital in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district about 8 km (5 mi) southwest of Dresden, the capital of Saxony. The company has had a chequered history of ownership including its period as a nationalised VEB in former East Germany. Russian businessman Armenak S. Agababyan owned 50% from 2005 to 2008 when he became sole owner, and the company had been exporting 80% of its products. The main markets were the Russian, Asian and Arab regions. In January 2020, Agababyan announced that  production would cease indefinitely, with two employees being retained to continue sales of stock from the showroom in the Carl-Thieme-Straße and the shop in Dresden until the end of 2020 when the company might be finally dissolved.

text:
# Dresden Porcelain

**The Sächsische Porzellan-Manufaktur Dresden GmbH** (Saxon Porcelain Manufactory in Dresden Ltd), generally known in English as **Dresden Porcelain** (though that may also mean the much older and better-known Meissen porcelain), was a German company for the production of decorative and luxury porcelain. Founded in 1872, it was located in Potschappel, a suburb of the town of Freital in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district about 8 km (5 mi) southwest of Dresden, the capital of Saxony.

The company has had a chequered history of ownership including its period as a nationalised VEB (People's Owned Enterprise) in former East Germany. Russian businessman Armenak S. Agababyan owned 50% from 2005 to 2008 when he became sole owner, and the company had been exporting 80% of its products. The main markets were the Russian, Asian and Arab regions. In January 2020, Agababyan announced that production would cease indefinitely, with two employees being retained to continue sales of stock from the showroom in the Carl-Thieme-Straße and the shop in Dresden until the end of 2020 when the company might be finally dissolved.

## History

### From the foundation in 1872 to 1945

Carl-Johann Gottlob Thieme (born 12 September 1823 in Niederjahna, died 18 March 1888 in Dresden) was a Hausmaler (a free-lance porcelain decorator). Thieme had been running his own porcelain studio and antique shop in the center of Dresden since 1864. He decided to manufacture his porcelain and found a suitable plot of land at the gates of the city of Dresden in the industrial village of Potschappel. On September 17, 1872, Thieme's Gründerzeit factory (now a listed cultural heritage monument) started operations. From the beginning, white porcelain was sold to the Dresden freelance decorators and across Europe. Likewise, not only self-made but also purchased white porcelain was painted and sold there.

The flower modeller Carl August Kuntzsch (1855–1920), a son-in-law of Thieme, played a key role in the company's success. With the "lush flower covering", he created a stylistic feature of Dresden porcelain. After Thieme's death, he took over the company and the economic success in 1912 enabled extensions to the production buildings, which have remained unchanged. The world wars and the global economic crises reduced exports and the number of employees fell from 300 in 1914 to less than 70 in 1932.

### From 1945 to 1989

Following the end of World War II when Dresden was in the territory administered and occupied by the Soviet Union, the former owners were forced out of the company in 1951. Since the Kuntzsch family had not been National Socialists, Emil Kuntzsch was prosecuted as an economic criminal by the East German state organs and fled to West Germany in 1951. The state participation in the company was gradually expanded. From 1972 the company traded as “VEB Sächsische Porzellan-Manufaktur Dresden; Headquarters Freital " and nationalization was fully completed. Aided by the pursuit in justice of imitators and forgers during the 1970s, the popularity of Dresden porcelain outside East Germany rose again into the 1980s. At that time, the Higher Munich State Court decided in favour of the Saxon Porcelain Manufactory Dresden that it alone was allowed to use the name Dresden Porcelain. By the end of the 1980s the number of employees was around 180.

### From 1990 to 2020

After German reunification, the world market for decorative and luxury porcelain experienced a major upheaval in the 1990s, and the owners also changed frequently. The porcelain manufactory moved from public property to Treuhand, the trust agency which oversaw the privatization of former East German state property. From then on it passed into the hands of a French investor group in 1991. After its bankruptcy, it was sold in 1993 to the Dresden IPV group of the art patron Jürgen Wegener.

After their bankruptcy, it was taken over by Gunther Seifert and Klaus-Peter Arnold in 1998 as part of a management buy-out. In 2002 the Saxon Porcelain Manufactory still had 19 permanent employees and was again insolvent. It was bought by Geschwister Hillebrand GmbH in 2005. This ended its engagement in 2008. Since then, the Russian entrepreneur Armenak S. Agababyan has been the sole owner. In 2010, there were 20 employees.

By 2010 the factory was producing about 200 pieces a year. Between March and October 2013, however, Agababyan temporarily ceased business operations. The long-time managing director Gunther Seifert left the company.

The street in front of the factory premises, which was expanded to become the Freital bypass in 2002, was named "Carl-Thieme-Straße" in memory of the founder of the porcelain factory.

## Style

Following a collapse of the entire industry in the 1990s, the slowly recovering production trends towards figures such as dancers or bird figures, mainly in the Baroque and Rococo styles. Today the porcelain works draw on a decor fund of hundreds of different styles. In 1995 there was still a stock of around 12,400 different models.

### Loss

These models were still stored in an outbuilding. Due to the wrong priorities being set by the company management for decades and lack of funds for maintenance, moisture had penetrated through the damaged roof, the outbuilding was in a ruinous state and the plastered models have decomposed. In 2014 it was calculated that already over 60 per cent of the model pool could be considered lost. On 4 July 2016 the roof and the rest of the building collapsed completely. Around 12,000 models are the original forms, from which working moulds for porcelain objects could and can be removed again and again, which wear out in the production process. The State Office for Monument Preservation rated the cultural value so highly that it had placed the collection under cultural heritage protection in 2012. Of the plaster forms which date from 1872 to around 1960 most are irretrievably lost with many fallen into the river behind the building.

## Artists and Manufactory

The Saxon Porcelain Manufactory not only employed its own modellers and painters to develop new shapes and decors. She has also made frequent use of external art savvy. In 1900, there was cooperation with professors and graduates of the Dresden School of Applied Arts. From 1985 onwards, it was members of the Burg Giebichenstein University of Art in Halle who created new designs. Since 1993, the Dresden Porcelain Art Association has acted as an interface between the art world and the manufacturer's business world.

* Factory modellers: Reinhold Braunschmidt (1882–1954), Joseph Dobner (1895-1958), Olaf Stoy (born 1959)
* Factory painters: Ludwig Geyer (1842–1937), Hugo Rost (1874-1948), Steffen Luksch (born 1950)
* Free-lance artists: Otto Gussmann (1869–1926), Fritz Schlesinger (1896–1988), Charlotte Sommer-Landgraf (1928-2006)

## Porcelain brands

The factory's brands are numerous and very different from one another. This is due not only to war losses, but also mainly to the great flood of the Wiederitz in 1957, when the entire company archives in the basement were destroyed, they are no longer fully documented.

### Floor marks

Between 1902 and 1926 alone, the company had 32 different registered brands, of which 8 were only for the German market.

As a rule, the marks are applied in blue under the glaze. However, they also appear as overglaze marks in blue, iron red and gold. The first stamp was the T over a fish. The crossed S and P have been used since 1901. On August 21, 1902, the entwined S and P above the word Dresden were registered as a trademark.

### Embossed marks

Large, unwieldy pieces were marked with an embossed floor mark on the outside. The community brand of the Dresden porcelain paintings Klemm, Donath and Hamann, a stylized Kurhut, is occasionally stamped on crockery items from the first half of the 20th century. Letters and numbers were also embossed here and there, which marked certain mass offsets.

The mould number was by no means consistently used. Fixed rules according to which the pieces were provided with the respective mould number are not known. Old pieces have these numbers in italics. The regular stamping of the mould numbers did not begin until after 1950. Behind it is a letter (rarely two) for the bossier. The names of the embossers represented by the abbreviations are recorded in a list kept by the raw operations manager.

Between 1984 and 1997, a letter was stamped in front of the mould number to indicate the year of manufacture. "A" stands for 1984, "B" stands for 1985, etc. After 1991 there was a change from "H" directly to "K" for 1992 and continued up to the "P" for 1997.

### Painter's marks

One or more numbers written in overglaze colors may appear under the company brand. Behind it are the painters involved in the painting, who are recorded in lists by the painting manager. Only in exceptional cases were painters allowed to sign their paintings directly in the picture.

### Sponsorship

The Sächsische Porzellan-Manufaktur Dresden has been sponsoring the "Dresden Porcelain Cup" as part of the Dresden Chess Festival since 1996.

## Bibliography

* Ekkehardt Kraemer (Publisher): *Sächsisch-thüringisches Manufakturporzellan.* Glas Keramik. Volkseigener Außenhandelsbetrieb der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Berlin 1985; 3. Expanded editio 1987, pp. 8–13.
* Klaus-Peter Arnold: *Dresdner Porzellan – Geschichte einer Manufaktur.* Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 1996, ISBN 90-5705-005-6.
* Klaus-Peter Arnold: *Zerbrechliche Helden – Porzellansoldaten der Dresdner Manufaktur.* Freital 2000, ISBN 3-9805314-3-0.
* Ludwig Danckert: *Handbuch des Europäischen Porzellans.* Prestel Verlag, München 2006, ISBN 3-7913-3281-3
* Erika Eschebach und Holger Starke (Publishers): *Dresdner Porzellan. Mythos–Repräsentation–Inspiration* Exhibition Catalogue, Stadtmuseum Dresden 2012, ISBN 978-3-941843-13-4

## InfoBox

| Dresden Porcelain | |
| --- | --- |
| Dresden Porcelain introduced its blue "SP Dresden" trademark in 1902. | |
|  | |
| Built | 1872 |
| Operated | 17 July 1872 (1872-19-17)-<br>31 January 2020 (2020-01-31) |
| Industry | Porcelain |
| Employees | 2 (as of January 2020) |
| Defunct | January 2020 |


# Cognitive and linguistic theories of composition

Cognitive science and linguistic theory have played an important role in providing empirical research into the writing process and serving the teaching of composition. As for composition theories, there is some dispute concerning the appropriateness of tying these two schools of thought together into one theory of composition. However, their empirical basis for research and ties to the process theory of composition and cognitive science can be thought to warrant some connection.

## Theory

The cognitive theory of composition (hereafter referred to as "cognitive theory") can trace its roots to psychology and cognitive science. Lev Vygotsky's and Jean Piaget's contributions to the theories of cognitive development and developmental psychology could be found in early work linking these sciences with composition theory (see Ann E. Berthoff). Linda Flower and John R. Hayes published "A Cognitive Process Theory of Writing" in 1981, providing the groundwork for further research into how thought processes influence the writing process.

Linguistic theories of composition found their roots in the debate surrounding grammar's importance in composition pedagogy. Scholars, such as Janet Emig, Patrick Hartwell, Martha J. Kolln, Robert Funk, Stephen Witte, and Lester Faigley continued this line of thought around the same time that a cognitive theory of composition was being developed by Flower and Hayes. These scholars, like scholars researching cognitive-oriented composition theory, focused on research providing insight into the writing process but were also committed to providing pedagogical advancements addressing deficiencies, trends, and insights gained from their linguistic research.

## Research

### Cognitive theory

A cognitive theory is focused on gaining insight into the writing process through the writer's thought processes. Composition theorists have attacked the problem of accessing writers' thoughts in various ways. Flower and Hayes' essay, "A Cognitive Process Theory of Writing" sought to outline the writer's choice-making throughout the writing process, and how those choices constrained or influenced other choices down the line. Other research has focused on capturing the cognitive processes of writers during the writing process through note-taking or speaking aloud, while some early research by Birdwell, Nancrow, and Ross was done with computers to record writers' keystrokes during the writing process.

### Applied linguistics

Linguistic composition theory has traditionally focused on sentence and paragraph-level composition, with the goal of providing instructors insights into the way students write at various proficiency levels. Stephen Witte and Lester Faigley utilized detailed syntactic analysis to redefine the importance of cohesion and coherence in judging writing quality. Paul Rodgers and Richard Braddock focused on paragraph structure, in separate studies, in order to dispel common misjudgments about the importance of traditional paragraph structure.

Applied linguistics, specifically EFL/ESL studies, has played a large role in the development of linguistic theories of composition. Liz Hamp-Lyons' research in ESL/EFL writing assessment is valuable in informing ESL composition pedagogy. Paul Kei Matsuda, has illustrated the deficiency in ESL composition research, and recent compilations by Matsuda and others have attempted to bridge the gap between ESL instruction and composition theory by presenting pedagogical, theoretical, and assessment frameworks in the ESL composition classroom.

## Pedagogy

Cognitive and linguistic theories of composition are heavily tied to process theory. Cognitive and linguistic theories have been instrumental in providing respected empirical research to the field of composition theory, but tend to stay away from making pedagogical suggestions. Instead, research in these fields is typically intended to inform process theory by providing data analysis regarding the writing process, and by bringing scientific research to the field.

## Notable researchers


title: Tom Rosenbauer

abstract: Tom Rosenbauer is a fly fishing mentor and author who currently works and resides in the Manchester, Vermont area. He has published books for Orvis, which he has been with for over 30 years. Rosenbauer is also the host of the Orvis Fly Fishing Guide Podcast which has been syndicated on the Internet since April 2008.

text:
# Tom Rosenbauer

**Tom Rosenbauer** is a fly fishing mentor and author who currently works and resides in the Manchester, Vermont area. He has published books for Orvis, which he has been with for over 30 years.

Rosenbauer is also the host of the Orvis Fly Fishing Guide Podcast which has been syndicated on the Internet since April 2008.

## Selected works

* *The Orvis Guide to Small Stream Fly Fishing* (October 2011)
* *The Orvis Guide to Prospecting for Trout: How to Catch Fish When There's No Hatch to Match, Revised Edition*
* *The Orvis Fly-Fishing Guide, Completely Revised and Updated with Over 400 New Color Photos and Illustrations*
* *The Orvis Guide To Reading Trout Streams*
* *The Orvis Fly-Tying Guide* (winner of the 2001 National Outdoor Book Award (Instructional))
* *The Orvis Guide to Beginning Fly Fishing: 101 Tips for the Absolute Beginner*
* *Casting Illusions: The World of Fly-Fishing*
* *Fly Fishing In America*
* *The Orvis Fly-Fishing Guide Podcast (2008 - present)*


title: Christophia trilineella

abstract: Christophia trilineella is a species of snout moth in the genus Christophia. It was described by Émile Louis Ragonot in 1887, and is known from Uzbekistan. The wingspan is about 17 mm.

text:
# Christophia trilineella

***Christophia trilineella*** is a species of snout moth in the genus *Christophia*. It was described by Émile Louis Ragonot in 1887, and is known from Uzbekistan.

The wingspan is about 17 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Christophia trilineella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Christophia* |
| Species: | ***C. trilineella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Christophia trilineella***<br>Ragonot, 1887 | |
|


title: José Antonio Ramos Sucre

abstract: José Antonio Ramos Sucre was a Venezuelan poet, professor, diplomat and scholar. He was a member of the Sucre family of Venezuela and the great-great-nephew of Antonio José de Sucre. He was educated at the Colegio Nacional, and then at the Universidad Central de Venezuela where he studied Law, Letters and Languages.

text:
# José Antonio Ramos Sucre

**José Antonio Ramos Sucre** (Cumaná, 9 June 1890 – Geneva, 13 June 1930) was a Venezuelan poet, professor, diplomat and scholar. He was a member of the Sucre family of Venezuela and the great-great-nephew of Antonio José de Sucre. He was educated at the Colegio Nacional, and then at the Universidad Central de Venezuela where he studied Law, Letters and Languages (ancient and modern Greek and Sanskrit).

## Non Literary Career

Upon finishing his studies, and becoming proficient in Portuguese, Latin, Danish, English, French, German, Italian and Swedish, he worked as a translator and interpreter at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Venezuela and later as Consul to Geneva where he died in 1930. At the same time, Ramos Sucre served as a Professor of World History, World Geography, History & Geography of Venezuela, Latin and Greek. He also briefly worked as a Civil Court judge.

## Poetry and Works

He is best remembered however for his work in poetry and literature, amongst them:

* *Trizas de papel* (1921)
* *Sobre las huellas de Humboldt* (1923)
* *La torre de Timón* (1925)
* *Las formas del fuego* (1929)
* *El cielo de esmalte* (1929)

In 1956, the Venezuelan Ministry of Education published his work in the collection *Biblioteca Popular Venezolana*, and in the 1960s he would become to the new generations one of the most valid references for excellence. He is remembered as *"the poet of pain, a poet who felt a hypnotic fascination for the obscure and the abyss, a poet that suffers in his loneliness"*, according to the Venezuelan poet and literary critic Francisco Pérez Perdomo.

## Honors

To honor his memory, the University of Salamanca, created the José Antonio Ramos Sucre Professorship of Venezuelan Literature and in 1999, the Fondo de Cultura Económica de México published the book *Obra Poética*, comprising his poetic works, with a prologue by his cousin Guillermo Sucre. His collected writings are also available in *Obra completa*, edited by José Ramón Medina (Caracas: Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho, 1989) and *Obra poética: Edición crítica*, edited by Alba Rosa Hernández Bossio (Paris: UNESCO/Colección Archivos, 2001).

In 2006, Venezuelan novelist Rubi Guerra was awarded the Premio de Novela Corta Rufino Blanco Fombona for his novella based on Ramos Sucre's final months in Europe, *La tarea del testigo* (Caracas: Fundación Editorial El perro y la rana, 2007). A second edition of *La tarea del testigo* was published in 2012 by Lugar Común in Caracas.

An English translation of his poetry appeared in 2012 under the title *José Antonio Ramos Sucre: Selected Works*, selected and translated by Guillermo Parra and published by the University of New Orleans Press.

## Translations

### English

* *José Antonio Ramos Sucre: Selected Works*, translated by Guillermo Parra (New Orleans, LA: University of New Orleans Press, 2012). ISBN 978-1-60801-090-5
* *José Antonio Ramos Sucre. Selected Works: expanded edition*, translated by Guillermo Parra (Las Cruces, NM: Noemi Press, 2016). ISBN 978-1-93481-962-3
* José Antonio Ramos Sucre, *From the Livid Country*, translated by Guillermo Parra (San Francisco, CA: Auguste Press, 2012).

### Other languages

#### French

* José Antonio Ramos Sucre, *Le chant inquiet. El canto anhelante*, tr. François Migeot, (Caracas, Venezuela: Monte Ávila Editores/Massif Jurassien, France: L’Atelier du Grand Tétras, 2009).

#### Portuguese

* *As formas do fogo*, anthology, bilingual edition, selected and translated by José Bento, Eugenio Montejo, forewords. Venezuelan Embassy, Lisbon, Publicações Dom Quixote, 1992, oclc 768341268.
* *O mensageiro/El mensajero*, Floriano Martins (trans.), *(n.t.) Revista Literária em Tradução*, nº 1 (set/2010), Fpolis/Brasil, ISSN 2177-5141

## InfoBox

| José Antonio Ramos Sucre | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1890-06-09)9 June 1890
Cumaná, Venezuela |
| Died | June 13, 1930(1930-06-13) (aged 40),
Geneva, Switzerland |
| Occupation | poet, writer |


title: Sir Lionel Darell, 6th Baronet

abstract: Colonel Sir Lionel Edward Hamilton Marmaduke Darell, 6th Baronet DSO JP DL was an English soldier and landowner.

text:
# Sir Lionel Darell, 6th Baronet

Colonel **Sir Lionel Edward Hamilton Marmaduke Darell, 6th Baronet** DSO JP DL (2 April 1876 – 27 May 1954) was an English soldier and landowner.

## Early life

He was the eldest son of Sir Lionel Darell, 5th Baronet and Helen Frances Marshland. Among his siblings was Brigadier-General William Harry Verelst Darell of the Coldstream Guards.

The Darell family derived its fortune from service in the East India Company in the late eighteenth century. His paternal grandparents were the Rev. Sir William Darell, 4th Baronet and Harriet Mary Tierny (a daughter of Sir Edward Tierney, 2nd Baronet). His maternal grandfather was Edward Marshland of Henbury Park, Cheshire. His paternal aunt, Flora Mary Darell, was the wife of Edward Stopford Claremont (a son of Edward Stopford Claremont).

He was educated at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford.

## Career

Darell served as aide-de-camp to General Officer Commanding of Cape Colony between 1909 and 1912, reaching the rank of Major in the 1st Life Guards. He fought in World War I between 1914 and 1917, serving in Egypt, Gallipoli, Sinai, and Palestine. He was mentioned in despatches twice and was awarded the Distinguished Service Order in 1917. In 1936, he was made Honorary Colonel in the 5th Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment.

Upon the death of his father on 17 February 1919, he succeeded as the 6th Baronet Darell, of Ancaster House, Richmond Hill (historically in Surrey). Sir Lionel lived at Saul Lodge in Frampton on Severn, Stonehouse, Gloucestershire, and served as a Justice of the Peace and Deputy Lieutenant of Gloucestershire. He served as High Sheriff of Gloucestershire in 1924.

## Personal life

On 21 April 1903, Darell married Eleanor Marion Edwards-Heathcote (1876–1953), a daughter of British Army officer and Conservative politician, Capt. Justinian Edwards-Heathcote, MP for North West Staffordshire, and the former Eleanor Stone (sister to Frances Stone, wife of Gen. Sir John Alexander Ewart, both daughters and co-heiresses of Spencer Stone of Callingwood Hall). Together, they were the parents of:

Lady Darell died on 6 July 1953. Sir Lionel died less than a year later on 27 May 1954 at the home of his daughter Margaret in Chelsea Square, London. As he was predeceased by his only son, he was succeeded in the baronetcy by his nephew, William Oswald Darell.

### Descendants

Through his daughter Nancy, he was a grandfather of two, Maj.-Gen. Bernard Gordon Lennox, Commandant of the British Sector in Berlin, and Col. David Henry Charles Gordon Lennox of Saxham Hall, High Sheriff of Suffolk.

Through his daughter Margaret, he was a grandfather of British banker and billionaire Baron Bruno Schroder and Baroness Charmaine Brenda Schröder (who married merchant banker George von Mallinckrodt).

## Further reading

* Sir Lionel Edward Hamilton Marmaduke Darell, 6th Baronet (1876–1954). His biography titled - *Ratcatcher Baronet: The Memoirs of Schoolboy, Soldier, Sportsman and County Councillor during Five Reigns - 1951.* (with a foreword by The Right Reverend The Lord Bishop of Gloucester) - privately printed.

## InfoBox

| ColonelSir Lionel Darell, BtDSO JP DL | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| High Sheriff of Gloucestershire | |
| **In office**
1924–1924 | |
| Preceded by | Sir Percival Scrope Marling |
| Succeeded by | Sir Philip Stott, 1st Baronet |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Lionel Edward Hamilton Marmaduke Darell
(1876-04-02)2 April 1876 |
| Died | 27 May 1954(1954-05-27) (aged 78)
Chelsea Square, London |
| Spouse | Eleanor Marion Edwards-Heathcote
(m. 1903; died 1953) |
| Relations | Bernard Gordon Lennox (grandson)
Bruno Schroder (grandson) |
| Children | 3 |
| Parent(s) | Sir Lionel Darell, 5th Baronet
Helen Frances Marshland |
| Education | Eton College |
| Alma mater | Christ Church, Oxford |
|  | |


title: Boss Fight Entertainment

abstract: Boss Fight Entertainment is an American video game development company based in Allen, Texas, with a second studio based in Austin, Texas. Boss Fight was formed by former Zynga Dallas and Ensemble Studios employees in June 2013.

text:
# Boss Fight Entertainment

**Boss Fight Entertainment** is an American video game development company based in Allen, Texas, with a second studio based in Austin, Texas. Boss Fight was formed by former Zynga Dallas and Ensemble Studios employees in June 2013.

## History

Boss Fight Entertainment was founded by David Rippy, Scott Winsett, and Bill Jackson following the closure of Zynga's Dallas studio in June 2013.

In September 2014, Boss Fight announced that they were working on a game called *Dungeon Boss*. Big Fish Games was announced as Dungeon Boss's publisher in March 2014.

In May 2015, former Amazon Game Studios director Dave Luehmann joined Boss Fight Entertainment as VP of Production. Boss Fight opened an office in Austin, Texas in July 2015.

In March 2022, the studio was acquired by Netflix as part of Netflix's venture into video game offerings.

## Games

| Release date | Title | Platform(s) | Genre |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| March 15, 2021 | *myVEGAS Bingo* | iOS
Android | Social Casino/ Bingo |
| September 7, 2015 | *Dungeon Boss* | iOS
Android | Collectible RPG |
|

## Office

Boss Fight's McKinney office was initially located at the newly renovated Cotton Mill, which is listed in the National Register of Historic Places listings in Collin County, Texas. Their new headquarters is located in Allen, just north of the Watters Shopping district.

Boss Fight's Austin office is located in the Northwest part of Austin, in an area known as the high-tech corridor.

## InfoBox

Boss Fight Entertainment
|
|  |
| Company type | Subsidiary |
| Industry | Video games |
| Predecessor | Zynga Dallas |
| Founded | June 2013 (2013-06) |
| Headquarters | Allen, Texas, US |
| Number of locations | 2 |
| Key people | David Rippy, Bill Jackson, Scott Winsett, Stephen Rippy, Dave Luehmann |
| Number of employees | 130 |
| Parent | Netflix (2022–present) |
| Website | bossfightentertainment.com |