title: Design for Bidding

abstract: Design for Bidding is a book by the Russian-born English bridge player S. J. "Skid" Simon, published posthumously in 1949. It is about the theory of bidding in contract bridge, particularly in the context of the Acol system of which Simon was one of the co-developers. It was the first, and as of 2015, remains one of the few, studies of the thought processes involved in designing a bidding system, rather than simply setting out the author's conclusions. Design for Bidding is described as "the best thing he [Simon] has done on bridge", lofty praise considering the recognition given Simon's earlier book Why You Lose at Bridge, itself "widely perceived to be the best book ever written on Bridge." Design For Bidding "remains wonderful reading, because Simon argues persuasively for the Acol state of mind style of bidding."

text:
# Design for Bidding

***Design for Bidding*** is a book by the Russian-born English bridge player S. J. "Skid" Simon, published posthumously in 1949. It is about the theory of bidding in contract bridge, particularly in the context of the Acol system of which Simon was one of the co-developers. It was the first, and as of 2015, remains one of the few, studies of the thought processes involved in designing a bidding system, rather than simply setting out the author's conclusions.

*Design for Bidding* is described as "the best thing he \[Simon\] has done on bridge", lofty praise considering the recognition given Simon's earlier book *Why You Lose at Bridge*, itself "widely perceived to be the best book ever written on Bridge."

*Design For Bidding* "remains wonderful reading, because Simon argues persuasively for the Acol *state of mind* style of bidding."

## Structure

The book is divided into three parts: I, The Inexactitude of Bidding; II, Enquiry into Bidding; and III, Design for Bidding.

Part I is a long general introduction, in seven chapters. In it, Simon sets out what he calls the "deciding factors" to be assessed before adopting a specialised meaning for a bid:

1. "The effects on other types of hands;"
2. "The comparative frequency of occurrence of the rivals;"
3. "Their obedience or otherwise to the Principle of Lesser Risk; and, a bad last,"
4. "Their actual working on the hands on which they are used."

Part I concludes with Simon's description of Acol as "not so much a system as an attitude of mind".

In Part II, Simon discusses in turn various aspects of bidding: notably, the choice of forcing opening bid; the meaning of opening two-bids; the strength of an opening bid of 1NT; whether or not a double raise should be forcing; the forcing take-out; 4NT and 5NT and asking bids as slam tries; whether or not a change of suit should be forcing; and informatory doubles and intervening bids.

In Part III, Simon attempts to merge his conclusions from Part II into a unified whole.

1. Simon, S. J. (1949). *Design for Bidding*. London: Nicholson & Watson. OCLC 13491181.
2. From the book's Preface written by Terence Reese.
3. Bourke, Tim; Sugden, John (2010). *Bridge Books in English 1886-2010: an annotated bibliography*. Cheltenham, England: Bridge Book Buffs. pp. 385–386. ISBN 978-0-9566576-0-2.
4. Kelsey, H. W. (1973). *Slam Bidding*. London: Faber & Faber. p. 107. ISBN 0-571-10363-4.

## InfoBox

Design for Bidding
| Dust jacket of the first edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | S. J. Simon |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Contract bridge |
| Published | 1949 |
| Publisher | Nicholson & Watson |
| Pages | 268 |
| OCLC | 13491181 |


title: Sankarankovil (film)

abstract: Sankarankovil is a 2011 Indian Tamil language film directed by P. N. Palanivelraja. The film is produced and co-written by Kanal Kannan, who stars in the lead role, alongside Rupika Ramnath. It was released on 12 August 2011.

text:
# Sankarankovil (film)

***Sankarankovil*** is a 2011 Indian Tamil language film directed by P. N. Palanivelraja. The film is produced and co-written by Kanal Kannan, who stars in the lead role, alongside Rupika Ramnath. It was released on 12 August 2011.

## Cast

## Production

Following the release of *Satrumun Kidaitha Thagaval* in January 2009, Kanal Kannan met the media to announce his second acting project titled *Sankarankovil* in February 2009. He announced that Nassar and Lal would star in the film, set in the town of Sankarankovil. Debutant Rupika Ramnath was signed on to play the lead role in the film. The film's soundtrack was composed by Rajni, with newcomer Vivek working on the film's score. The film's audio release event was attended by industry personalities including Vijay, Jayam Ravi and AR Murugadoss among others.

## Reception

The film was released on 12 August 2011. A reviewer from *Dina Malar* gave the film a negative review, criticising the script. Rohit Ramachandran of Nowrunning.com wrote "*Sankaran Kovil* squeezes all the life out of you, suspends you by your eyelids and leaves you to hang dry." and gave the film half a star out of five. In contrast, a reviewer from FridayMoviez.com noted "director Palanivel Raja has made *Sankaran Kovil* as entertaining as possible even with an overused story line."

The film performed poorly at the box office.

## InfoBox

| Sankarankovil | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | P. N. Palanivelraja |
| Written by | P. N. Palanivelraja
Kanal Kannan |
| Produced by | Hemavathi Kannan |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | T. Ram Thulasi |
| Music by | Rajni
Vivek |
| Production
company | Sivadharshini Cine Aarts |
| Release date | * 12 August 2011 (2011-08-12) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Tamil |


title: Reach Out Worldwide

abstract: Reach Out Worldwide is a 501(c)(3) registered nonprofit founded in 2010 by Paul Walker that helps bring first responders to disaster areas to augment local relief efforts. Their teams typically consist of medical technicians, doctors, nurses, paramedics, firefighters, and construction workers. The group's goal is to air-drop into disaster zones the minute the news hits the wires. Paul Walker's brother, Cody Walker, is the current Chief Executive Officer of Reach Out Worldwide. Paul Walker organized a relief team in response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake, and, following their return, he founded Reach Out Worldwide to help fill the gap between available resources and the requirement for personnel in post-disaster situations. Reach Out Worldwide's work is mainly the result of volunteers that focus on quick deployments to areas that are small or remote and are often the first assistance a town or village sees. Domestically, they assist with clean up efforts ranging from mucking and gutting flood damaged homes, clearing access ways, and taking down damaged trees. Internationally, Reach Out Worldwide sends teams of medical and EMS professionals to provide medical aid and distribute supplies.

text:
# Reach Out Worldwide

**Reach Out Worldwide** is a 501(c)(3) registered nonprofit founded in 2010 by Paul Walker that helps bring first responders to disaster areas to augment local relief efforts. Their teams typically consist of medical technicians, doctors, nurses, paramedics, firefighters, and construction workers. The group's goal is to air-drop into disaster zones the minute the news hits the wires. Paul Walker's brother, Cody Walker, is the current Chief Executive Officer of Reach Out Worldwide.

Paul Walker organized a relief team in response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake, and, following their return, he founded Reach Out Worldwide to help fill the gap between available resources and the requirement for personnel in post-disaster situations. Reach Out Worldwide's work is mainly the result of volunteers that focus on quick deployments to areas that are small or remote and are often the first assistance a town or village sees. Domestically, they assist with clean up efforts ranging from mucking and gutting flood damaged homes, clearing access ways, and taking down damaged trees. Internationally, Reach Out Worldwide sends teams of medical and EMS professionals to provide medical aid and distribute supplies.

## Missions

Reach Out Worldwide has provided support in the following disasters:

Missions
| Date | Disaster | Notes: |
| --- | --- | --- |
| March 2019 | Alabama Tornado outbreak of March 3, 2019 | *chainsaw / debris removal* |
| December 2018/ January 2019 | 2018 California wildfires | *supply distribution* |
| October 2018 | Hurricane Michael | *chainsaw / debris removal* |
| October 2018 | 2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami | *medical/water filtration* |
| September 2019 | Hurricane Florence | *rescue/debris removal/ muck and gut* |
| June 2018 | 2018 Volcán de Fuego eruption | *medical/home building* |
| September/October 2017 | Hurricane Maria | *debris and tree removal* |
| September 2017 | Hurricane Irma | *Search and rescue/debris removal* |
| September/October 2017 | Hurricane Harvey | *Water and supply distribution/debris removal/medical* |
| March 2017 | Arkansas-Missouri Flood | *Muck and Gut* |
| January 2017 | Georgia's Tornado outbreak of January 21–23, 2017 | *Tree/ Debris Removal* |
| December 2016 | 2016 Great Smoky Mountains wildfires | *Ash Out/ Debris-Tree Removal* |
| October 2016 | Hurricane Matthew | *Medical* |
| March 2016 - September 2016 | 2016 Louisiana floods | *Muck and Gut* |
| February 2016 | Cyclone Winston | *Medical* |
| October 2015 | October 2015 North American storm complex | *Muck and Gut* |
| June 2015 | 2015 Texas–Oklahoma flood and tornado outbreak | *Tree/Debris Removal* |
| April 2015 | April 2015 Nepal earthquake | *Medical* |
| March 2015 | Cyclone Pam | *Medical* |
| February 2015 | January 2015 North American blizzard | *Snow Removal* |
| April 2014 | Arkansas Tornado outbreak of April 27–30, 2014 | *Tree/Debris Removal* |
| November 2013 | Typhoon Yolanda | *Medical* |
| November 2013 | Typhoon Haiyan | *Medical* |
| November 2013 | 2013 Washington, Illinois tornado | *Tree/Debris Removal* |
| October 2013 | 2013 Colorado floods | *Tree/Debris/ Mud Removal* |
| May 2013 | 2013 El Reno tornado | *Tree/Debris Removal* |
| December 2011 | Tropical Storm Washi | *Medical* |
| October 2010 | 2010 Mentawai earthquake and tsunami | *Medical* |
| March 2010 | 2010 Chile earthquake | *Medical* |
| January 2010 | 2010 Haiti earthquake | *Medical* |

### April 2015 Nepal Earthquake

This was the first mission led by Cody Walker following the death of Paul Walker. The nine-member mobile disaster medical team consisted of one doctor and several local firefighter-paramedics, including one from the Orange County Fire Authority and three from the Pasadena Fire Department. Reach Out Worldwide treated 400 cases in 96 hours in rural villages cut off from supplies due to dangerous roads.

#### Game4Paul

Reach Out Worldwide held the charity event Game4Paul on May 9, 2015, raising over $100,000 in fundraising. This event has subsequently been held in September 2016 raising over $130,000, October 2017, and October 2018. In 2017, Microsoft released a limited edition Xbox One to raffle with all proceeds going to Reach Out Worldwide. In 2018 Microsoft partnered with Reach Out Worldwide for Game4Paul again.


title: Ellipsoptera hirtilabris

abstract: Ellipsoptera hirtilabris, the moustached tiger beetle, is a species of flashy tiger beetle in the family Cicindelidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Ellipsoptera hirtilabris

***Ellipsoptera hirtilabris***, the **moustached tiger beetle**, is a species of flashy tiger beetle in the family Cicindelidae. It is found in North America.

* Riley K, Browne R (2011). "Changes in ground beetle diversity and community composition in age structured forests (Coleoptera, Carabidae)". *ZooKeys* 147: 601–621.

## Further reading

* Arnett, R. H. Jr., and M. C. Thomas. (eds.). (21 December 2000) *American Beetles, Volume I: Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia*. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, Florida. ISBN 978-0-8493-1925-9
* Ross H. Arnett (30 July 2000). *American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico*. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0212-1.
* Richard E. White. (1983). *Peterson Field Guides: Beetles*. Houghton Mifflin Company.

## InfoBox

| *Ellipsoptera hirtilabris* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cicindelidae |
| Genus: | *Ellipsoptera* |
| Species: | ***E. hirtilabris*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ellipsoptera hirtilabris***<br>(LeConte, 1875) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cicindela hirtilabris*  LeConte, 1875 | |


title: Sabrina Lloyd

abstract: Sabrina Lloyd is a retired American film and television actress. She is known for portraying Wade Welles in the science fiction series Sliders, Natalie Hurley in the ABC sitcom Sports Night and Kelly in Father Hood (1993).

text:
# Sabrina Lloyd

**Sabrina Lloyd** (born November 20, 1970) is a retired American film and television actress. She is known for portraying Wade Welles in the science fiction series *Sliders*, Natalie Hurley in the ABC sitcom *Sports Night* and Kelly in *Father Hood* (1993).

## Early life

Sabrina Lloyd is the daughter of Judy Lloyd, who managed a title insurance company in Lake Mary, Florida. At age 12, she began her acting career in the role of Pepper in a Mount Dora production of *Annie*.

When she was in the 10th grade she participated in a student exchange program that allowed her to spend a year in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. She graduated from Lake Mary High School in 1989.

## Career

Lloyd moved to New York when she was 18 to pursue a film career. Her earliest work there was in industrial training films and TV commercials, including one for Eastpak backpacks. She made a guest appearance on an episode of *Law & Order* called "Intolerance". She signed with a new talent agent and started getting more roles in TV and film.

Her first important role in feature films was in *Chain of Desire*, and this was followed by her first starring role in *Father Hood* with Patrick Swayze. She appeared in the 1993 music video for the song "Iris" by The Breeders. Lloyd also made appearances on television, starring in the TV movies *The Coming Out of Heidi Leiter*, an episode of *Lifestories: Families in Crisis* and *Love Off Limits*.

In 1995, Lloyd played Wade Welles, one of the original four characters in the sci-fi TV show *Sliders*. In 1997, the show was picked up by the Sci Fi Channel, but Lloyd's contract was not renewed. She quickly landed a co-starring role as senior associate producer Natalie Hurley in the ABC sitcom *Sports Night*.

In 2005, she starred as Terry Lake on the television show *Numb3rs*, but she left after the first season. In 2008, Lloyd was the lead actress in the independent film *Universal Signs*.

## Personal life

Outside of her acting career, she is an artist and has explored various media such as writing, painting and pottery. She has two cats named Lucy and Theodore and was a vegetarian for six years during the 1990s. In 2010, Lloyd studied creative writing at Columbia University.

In April 1997, Lloyd married Ross Smith. They lived in Uganda for two years (2009–2010), and adopted a little girl while living there. They moved to Italy and lived in Rome for four years, where they had a son, and subsequently relocated to Vancouver Island. Lloyd is retired from acting.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1992 | *Chain of Desire* | Melissa |  |
| 1992 | *That Night* | Jeanette |  |
| 1993 | *Father Hood* | Kelly Charles |  |
| 2001 | *On Edge* | Becky Brooks |  |
| 2001 | *Wanderlust* | Amanda |  |
| 2003 | *Dopamine* | Sarah McCaulley |  |
| 2004 | *Something for Henry* | Anna | Short |
| 2004 | *The Breakup Artist* | Kara |  |
| 2005 | *The Girl from Monday* | Cecile |  |
| 2005 | *Charlie's Party* | Sarah |  |
| 2006 | *The Last Request* | Cathy |  |
| 2007 | *Racing Daylight* | Vicky Palmer / Helly |  |
| 2008 | *Universal Signs* | Mary |  |
| 2010 | *Hello Lonesome* | Debbie |  |
| 2013 | *The Pretty One* | Edith |  |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1988 | *Superboy* | Betsy | "Bringing Down the House" |
| 1989 | *The New Leave It to Beaver* | Molly | "Shortcuts" |
| 1992 | *Law & Order* | Kate 'Katie' Silver | "Intolerance" |
| 1993 | *CBS Schoolbreak Special* | Sarah Thompson | "Love Off Limits" |
| 1994 | *Lifestories: Families in Crisis* | Heidi Leiter | "More Than Friends: The Coming Out of Heidi Leiter" |
| 1995–99 | *Sliders* | Wade Welles | Main role |
| 1998–2000 | *Sports Night* | Natalie Hurley | Main role |
| 2000 | *Madigan Men* | Wendy Lipton | Main role |
| 2002 | *Couples* | Annie | TV film |
| 2003 | *Ed* | Frankie Hector | Recurring role |
| 2004 | *My Sexiest Mistake* | Amy | TV film |
| 2004 | *DeMarco Affairs* | Jessica DeMarco | TV film |
| 2005 | *Numb3rs* | Terry Lake | Main role (1st season only) |
| 2008 | *Wainy Days* | Molly | "Molly" |

## InfoBox

| Sabrina Lloyd | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1970-11-20) November 20, 1970<br>Fairfax, Virginia |
| Occupation(s) | Retired actress, artist |
| Years active | 1988–2013 (as actress) |
| Spouse | Ross Smith (m. 1997) |
| Children | 2 |


title: Ernst Hampel

abstract: Ernst Hampel was a German painter and resistance fighter against National Socialism as well as a victim of Nazi wartime justice. He was one of the protagonists of the Etter-Rose-Hampel group, also named after him.

text:
# Ernst Hampel

**Ernst Hampel** (16 June 1919 – 20 April 1945) was a German painter and resistance fighter against National Socialism as well as a victim of Nazi wartime justice. He was one of the protagonists of the Etter-Rose-Hampel group, also named after him.

## Life and activity

Hampel was born in Hamburg on 16 June 1919, he was the youngest of three sons of the Carl Hampel and his wife Franziska. After attending school he was trained as a painter. He then went to the State School of Arts and Crafts in Hamburg am Lerchenfeld. During this time he worked, among other things, on Johann Michael Bossard's project "Gesamtkunstwerk" in Lüneburg.

During the Weimar Republic, Hampel joined the Communist Youth Association of Germany (KJVD). After the National Socialists came to power, he became involved in left-wing free youth groups, which continued to exist in non-public form parallel to the Hitler Youth.

From November 1938 to February 1939, Hampel completed the compulsory Reich Labor Service. In August 1939 he was forcibly recruited for military service. In September of the same year he became engaged to Amanda Löwe (\* 1921), although she was considered to be half Jewish by National Socialist standards. The marriage was not allowed to be concluded due to the racial laws. A daughter born in 1943 resulted from the union.

After training as an artilleryman, Hampel took part in the Wehrmacht's attacks on the western neighboring states of the German Reich in 1940, was promoted to sergeant in December 1940, and from 1941 he was deployed in the war of aggression against the Soviet Union. Due to frostbite he suffered in Russia, he was sent back home in January 1942 and used as an instructor.

Politically, Hampel maintained contact with Max Kristeller, a former KPD functionary, since 1940, with whom he regularly discussed politics, especially the Nazi system and the war. Both agreed that the war had to end with a defeat for the National Socialist German Reich and the victory of the Soviet Union. Kristeller also encouraged Hampel to listen to foreign radio stations, which had been strictly prohibited since 1939. After his return from Russia in the spring of 1942, Hampel intensified his contacts with Kristeller as well as with his old crypto-communist circle of friends. Based on the conviction that in order to achieve the goal of ending the war as quickly as possible, it would be expedient to supplement the efforts of the Allied powers to defeat the Nazi military machinery with measures that would drive the collapse of the Nazi state from within, Hampel and his circle of friends decided to enter into active resistance work against the regime: In particular, it fell to Hampel to discreetly campaign among military personnel with whom he was in contact for a turn away from the Nazi regime.

After a denunciation – at a New Year's Eve celebration at the end of 1942, Hampel, Kristeller and some friends had openly spoken out against the Nazi regime in the presence of an informer and called for an early defeat in the war – the group was gradually broken up in the spring of 1943: Kristeller was arrested in May. Hampel's arrest followed on 2 June 1943 at the Rendsburg military training area. After a long period of remand in Hamburg's Fuhlsbüttel police prison and the remand prison in Hamburg-Stadt am Holstenglacis (since 29 March 1944), he was transferred to the regional court prison in Stendal on 19 May 1944. At this time, he was charged by the Volksgerichtshof (People's Court) with preparing him for treason, aiding and abetting the enemy and undermining his military service. The trial took place on 4 and 5 January 1945. In its verdict of 5 January 1945 the court found him guilty and sentenced him to death. In the grounds for the verdict, it stated, among other things, that he had "discussed the political and war situation in a defeatist and communist sense, wished for Germany's defeat and called for unity in the expected communist overthrow".

Hampel's execution was carried out in Brandenburg-Görden Prison on 20 April 1945 – the last day on which executions were carried out in this prison – with the guillotine.

Today a stumbling block (German: Stolperstein) in front of the house at Quickbornstraße 31, which was initiated by his nephew Bernd Hampel and his son Steffen Moritz, in Hamburg commemorates Ernst Hampel.

## Literature

* Dieter Thiele/Reinhard Saloch: *Auf den Spuren der Bertinis: Ein literarischer Spaziergang durch Hamburg-Barmbek* (In the Footsteps of the Bertinis: A Literary Walk through Hamburg-Barmbek), 2003, pp. 94–96. ISBN 978-3879758968

## Commemoration

A stolperstein in the Eimsbüttel borough of Hamburg for Hampel was created in 1996.


title: Stacey Q

abstract: Stacey Lynn Swain, known by her stage name Stacey Q, is an American pop singer, songwriter, dancer and actress. Her best-known single, "Two of Hearts", released in 1986, reached number one in Canada, number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 and the top ten in five other countries.

text:
# Stacey Q

**Stacey Lynn Swain** (born November 30, 1958), known by her stage name **Stacey Q**, is an American pop singer, songwriter, dancer and actress. Her best-known single, "Two of Hearts", released in 1986, reached number one in Canada, number three on the US *Billboard* Hot 100 and the top ten in five other countries.

## Early life

Swain was born on November 30, 1958, in the Orange County suburb of Fullerton, California. She is the youngest of three children. Her mother, Joyce, bred Cardigan Welsh Corgis that have appeared in Hollywood films and television. In a 1989 interview, Swain said she was three years old when she asked for dance lessons, but had to wait until she was five, when she did classical ballet. In 1969, she became the youngest member of the Dance Theater of Orange County, a local company that performed at benefit shows in Anaheim. She spent 11 years studying ballet and also learned flamenco dancing. She performed at multiple Disneyland's Christmas *Fantasy on Parade* events. She studied at the Community Theatre of Performing Arts and the Wilshire Theatre of Arts. She also performed in costume as the "Dutch Puppet", a name she used as a publishing alias during her early recording career. She went to Loara High School during her sophomore year, but then transferred to Anaheim High School. After graduating from high school in 1976, Swain joined the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus, where she performed as a showgirl in her first year, and as an elephant rider in her second year. Her first singing project was a Los Angeles radio spot where she introduced and announced programs while impersonating members of The Go-Go's.

## Career

### 1981–1984: Q, SSQ and *Playback*

In 1981, Swain was introduced to Jon St. James, the proprietor of Fullerton's Casbah Recording Studio, which hosted recordings for the bands Berlin and Social Distortion.

> Jon was a big fan of synth bands like Kraftwerk and ; when he met Stacey Swain in 1981, he knew right away that this impossibly stylish former Ringling Bros. elephant girl and veteran of the Disney Main Street parade possessed star qualities perfectly compatible with electronic music, a genre Stacey also adored. She was enamored of the obscure Japanese band The Plastics and The B-52's, and simply could not get over David Bowie. As a student of style, Swain could literally turn rags into a fashion statement. On one occasion she went to the renaissance fair in Agoura dressed simply in two large pieces of soft leather she bought from a shop in Anaheim.

St. James was developing a synthpop group called Q, named after the James Bond character. The band consisted of St. James on guitars, and Dan Van Patten and John Van Tongeren on vocoder and synthesizer. She served as the assistant producer on the band's four tracks for *The Q EP* when St. James realized they needed a vocalist for their first track "Sushi", which Swain provided as she had previously recorded demos at his studio. She then became the lead singer for Q, although at that time, she still considered herself more of a dancer than a singer.

> In 1981, Q (the original project) was Jon, Dan and myself hence Jon Q, Dan Q and Stacey Q. Q, the original name of the project, references James Bond and the scientist responsible for all his high-tech gadgets.

*The Q EP* received little airplay except on college radio. Its success led St. James and Swain to develop more songs. In 1982, the group added drummer Karl Moet and synth player Rich West, but had to change their name because of copyright issues when producer Quincy Jones reportedly had "established use of the 'Q' moniker". They renamed the band SSQ, which was inspired partly by a fishing endeavor where St. James "was fishing in a lake 'no bigger than a bathtub' and made a joke that the boat was the 'S.S. Q,'" and also that "SS" stood for Stacey Swain. SSQ released their debut album *Playback* in 1983 under Enigma Records, which featured the single "Synthicide" that was also made into a music video.

### 1985–1987: Breakthrough, *Stacey Q* and *Better Than Heaven*

In 1985, Swain signed a recording contract with Columbia Records. Using Stacey Q as her moniker for solo works, she released her debut single "Shy Girl". Her eponymous album later was distributed in cassette format to limited release. The album contained an early version of "Two of Hearts", which originally was released and performed by Sue Gatlin. After her singles collectively sold several thousand copies, she signed with Atlantic Records with St. James as manager and the other members of SSQ as backup musicians.

She recorded the album *Better Than Heaven* in three weeks. Its title track was co-written by Berlin, "He Doesn't Understand" was written by Rusty Anderson, and "We Connect" was written by Willie Wilcox of Utopia "Two of Hearts", its lead single, received substantial radio airplay, along with its music video on MTV, in the latter half of 1986. It reached number 3 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 chart, and the top 10 in several other countries. The album reached number 59 on the US album chart, and was certified gold in Australia. "Two of Hearts" briefly was considered for a "Weird Al" Yankovic parody, but the songwriters declined. She went on a U.S. and European club tour.

The success of "Two of Hearts" led Swain to television appearances on talk shows as well as guest panel appearances on game shows *The Gong Show* and *The New Hollywood Squares* She appeared as the character Cinnamon in the episode "Off-Broadway Baby" of the NBC sitcom *The Facts of Life* where she performed "Two of Hearts". In a follow-up episode, "A Star Is Torn", she performed "We Connect". Cast regular George Clooney made his farewell appearance when his character decides to join Cinnamon as a roadie.

### 1988–1992: *Hard Machine* and *Nights Like This*

Swain released *Hard Machine*, the second Stacey Q album, in 1988. She changed her hair color from blond to red, and adopted a punk rock-influenced appearance. The album had other producers besides St. James, resulting in a different musical direction. The single "Don't Make a Fool of Yourself" peaked at number 66 on the US Hot 100, with a remix by Shep Pettibone making the top five on the Hot Dance Chart. The single was featured in the *Full House* episode "D.J. Tanner's Day Off", where she briefly appeared as Stacey Q. The songs "The River" and "Another Chance" were featured in the cult action film *One Man Force*, where she also had an appearance.

*Nights Like This* was her third and final album with Atlantic. Released in 1989, it also marked SSQ's last participation. Its first single was "Give You All My Love," and "Heartbeat", its second single, featured backing vocals by Timothy B. Schmit of the Eagles. Its title track featured backing vocals by The Weather Girls. The musical style involved more experimenting with instruments such as Kawai keyboards. She promoted the album with another national tour at various clubs. On television, she appeared in an episode of *Mama's Family* in which she was a member of an all-female band called The Bonecrushers.

### 1993–1997: *Stacey Q's Greatest Hits* and *Boomerang*

In 1993, Swain released the single "Too Hot for Love" under the independent label Thump Records. The single was structured toward an early-1990s dance sound and featured sexually suggestive lyrics, representing another change in direction for the artist. Thump also gathered material from her first Atlantic Records album as well as tracks from Q and SSQ that never had been released on CD into a 1995 compilation album, *Stacey Q's Greatest Hits*. Most of the tracks were either remixed or re-edited entirely from their original versions in an attempt to modernize them.

In the mid-1990s, Swain traveled to Tibet, where she was introduced to the monastic dance and song of the Far East. She also lived in Nepal where she studied at monasteries with Buddhist lamas and was trained in the ancient art of cham dance.

In 1997, Swain released the album *Boomerang*, which reflected her experiences in Tibet, as well as her conversion to Buddhism. She also released a cover of a Janis Ian tune called "Tenderness", which reached number 5 on the Jamaican charts.

### 1998–2022: Other projects and hiatus

Swain continued to be involved in various music and acting projects. She appeared in a gay-themed art film called *Citizens of Perpetual Indulgence*, and had a "special non-sexual appearance" in *Playing the Odds*. She collaborated with director Geoffrey Karen Dior on the compilation album *Porn to Rock* and Dior's 2001 album *S E X*. In 2000, she played the lead female character Yeshe Tsogyal in a production of *The Life of Padmasambhava* by the San Francisco-based Namsay Dorje Theater Company. In 2002, Swain appeared in the "Identity Parade" round of the BBC2 game show *Never Mind the Buzzcocks*. She provided vocals for "Hear The Feeling", a 2003 single by Divine Frequency (Simply Jeff), that was used for the soundtrack of a documentary on raves. She was the voice of Karin Kikuhara in the English-language version of *Stratos 4*, a Japanese anime series. She provided vocals on the debut album of the Echo Junkies, a duo of former SSQ bandmates Jon St. James and Skip Hahn.

Thump Records released another Stacey Q compilation in 2007. *Queen of the 80s* contained original versions of many of her solo songs as well as songs by Q and SSQ. In November 2008, she appeared on CBS's *The Early Show* as part of the show's 1980s flashback segment where she sang "Two of Hearts".

In 2008, Swain provided guest vocals for Hydra Productions, a songwriting duo consisting of Shawn Winstian and Shane Condo. *Liquid*, their debut album, featured appearances by dance-pop artists of the 1980s, also including Tiffany and Gioia Bruno of Exposé.

In September 2022, Stacey's *Better Than Heaven* album was re-released with bonus tracks and remixes.

## Discography

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1985 | *Cavegirl* | Brenda |  |
| 1986–87 | *The Facts of Life* | Cinnamon | Eps. "Off-Broadway Baby", "A Star Is Torn" |
| 1987, 1989 | *The New Hollywood Squares* | Stacey Q | Celebrity guest, 3 episodes |
| 1988 | *Full House* | Herself | Ep: "D.J. Tanner's Day Off" |
| 1989 | *Mama's Family* | Ciji | Ep: "Bubba's House Band" |
| 1989 | *One Man Force* | Leah Jennings |  |
| 1998 | *Playing the Odds* | Chinese Food Delivery Woman |  |
| 2000 | *Citizens of Perpetual Indulgence* | Stacey |  |
| 2002 | *Never Mind the Buzzcocks* |  | Episode 1.3, 18 March 2002 |
| 2003 | *Stratos 4* | Karin Kikuhara | first voiceover role in anime dub |
| 2011 | *RuPaul's Drag U* | Herself/Makeover model | Episode: "80's Ladies" |
|

## InfoBox

| Stacey Q | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Stacey Lynn Swain |
| Born | (1958-11-30) November 30, 1958<br>Fullerton, California, U.S |
| Genres |  |
| Occupations | * Singer * songwriter * dancer * actress |
| Instrument | Vocals |
| Years active | 1981–2011 |
| Labels |  |


title: Primate T-lymphotropic virus

abstract: The primate T-lymphotropic viruses (PTLVs) are a group of retroviruses that infect primates, using their lymphocytes to reproduce. The ones that infect humans are known as human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), and the ones that infect Old World monkeys are called simian T-lymphotropic viruses (STLVs). PTLVs are named for their ability to cause adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, but in the case of HTLV-1 it can also cause a demyelinating disease called tropical spastic paraparesis. On the other hand, newer PTLVs are simply placed into the group by similarity and their connection to human disease remains unclear. HTLVs have evolved from STLVs by interspecies transmission. Within each species of PTLV, the HTLV is more similar to its cognate STLV than to the other HTLVs. There are currently three species of PTLVs recognized by the ICTV, plus two that are reported but unrecognized. The first known, and still most medically important PTLV is HTLV-1, discovered in 1980. HTLVs belong to the genus Deltaretrovirus. The only other recognized species in the genus is Bovine leukemia virus, an economically-important cattle pathogen. As its name suggests, this virus causes leukemia in cows.

text:
# Primate T-lymphotropic virus

The **primate T-lymphotropic viruses** (**PTLVs**) are a group of retroviruses that infect primates, using their lymphocytes to reproduce. The ones that infect humans are known as **human T-lymphotropic virus** (HTLV), and the ones that infect Old World monkeys are called **simian T-lymphotropic viruses** (STLVs). PTLVs are named for their ability to cause adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, but in the case of HTLV-1 it can also cause a demyelinating disease called tropical spastic paraparesis. On the other hand, newer PTLVs are simply placed into the group by similarity and their connection to human disease remains unclear.

HTLVs have evolved from STLVs by interspecies transmission. Within each species of PTLV, the HTLV is more similar to its cognate STLV than to the other HTLVs. There are currently three species of PTLVs recognized by the ICTV (P/H/STLV-1, -2, -3), plus two that are reported but unrecognized (HTLV-4, STLV-5). The first known, and still most medically important PTLV is HTLV-1, discovered in 1980.

HTLVs belong to the genus *Deltaretrovirus*. The only other recognized species in the genus is *Bovine leukemia virus*, an economically-important cattle pathogen. As its name suggests, this virus causes leukemia in cows.

## General virology

HTLV-1 is the prototypical PTLV, from which comparisons are drawn for the newly-known types. A retrovirus, PTLV shares the common gag-pro-pol-env set of genes, yet shows great complexity in the unique 3' end. These new proteins provide a great source of new adaptive function:

* Tax, the transactivator, is common to all *Deltaretrovirus*. In a HTLV-1 infection, it is the first protein to be expressed, and in turn is responsible for the expression of the provirus at the LTR during the early phase.
* Rex is also common to all extant *Deltaretrovirus*. As it gets expressed, Rex binds mRNA to control the extent of splicing.
* HBZ is the first novel protein, only common among PLTV. It encodes a basic leucine zipper, and is known to be enhance HLTV-1 replication and oncogenicity. It is encoded in the opposite ("antisense") direction compared to all other ORFs.
* p12, p8, p30, p13 are the newest class of proteins only found in HTLV-1.

HTLV-1 has three tandem imperfect 21-base repeats as the long terminal repeat, but other PTLVs only have two.

The lifecycle is common to retroviruses, starting at the envelope glycoprotein (Env) surface subunit (SU) binding to a cellular receptor (in this case GLUT1 and a host of other molecules), and ending with lysis of the cell (in this case, a lymphocyte). The virion is spherical to pleomorphic, about 80-100 nm in diameter. Unusually, the single-stranded RNA genome is present in two copies, forming a dimer speficially packed by parts of the *gag* protein.

## Nomenclatural clarification

The use of "HTLV-3" can cause some confusion, because the name *HTLV-III* was one of the names for HIV in early AIDS literature, but has since fallen out of use. The name *HTLV-IV* has also been used to describe HIV-2. A large Canadian study documented this confusion among healthcare workers, where \>90% of HTLV tests ordered by physicians were actually intended to be HIV tests.

## PTLV-1

PTLV-1 is the medically most important species in the class. Discovered by Robert Gallo and colleagues in 1980, HTLV-1 has been implicated in several kinds of diseases, including tropical spastic paraparesis and as a virus cancer link for adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Between 1 in 20 and 1 in 25 infected people are thought to develop cancer as a result of the virus. STLV-1 is oncogenic in Japanese macaques.

HTLV-1 has seven reported subtypes (subtypes A through G). The great majority of infections are caused by the cosmopolitan subtype A. The HTLV-I/STLV-I history might suggest a simian migration from Asia to Africa not much earlier than 19,500–60,000 years ago.

## HTLV-2

Discovered in 1982, HTLV-2 has not yet been conclusively linked to any disease. It generally causes no symptoms. It might impact the platelet count, contribute to chronic lung infections, or lead to future cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), among a host of other proposals.

## HTLV-3

HTLV-3 was discovered in 2005 in rural Cameroon, and were, it is presumed, transmitted from monkeys to hunters of monkeys through bites and scratches. Multiple strains have been identified. A strain has been fully sequenced.

PTLV-3 is about 40% different from PTLV-1 and -2. It occasionally cross-reacts with HTLV-2 tests. It is not yet known how much further transmission has occurred among humans, or whether the virus can cause disease.

## HTLV-4

HTLV-4 was discovered at the same site as HTLV-3 in 2005. Even less is known about this virus, as no simian counterpart has ever been found As of 2011. ICTV does not recognize it as a species. The sequence is, however, available.

## STLV-5

STLV-5 is a name used for a highly divergent PTLV-1 strain isolated from *Macaca arctoides*.

## Transmission

HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 can be transmitted sexually, by blood to blood contact (e.g. by blood transfusion or sharing needles when using drugs) and via breast feeding.

## Epidemiology

Two HTLVs are well established. HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are both involved in actively spreading epidemics, affecting 15–20 million people worldwide.

**HTLV-1** is the more clinically significant of the two: at least 500,000 of the individuals infected with HTLV-1 eventually develop an often rapidly fatal leukemia, while others will develop a debilitative myelopathy, and yet others will experience uveitis, infectious dermatitis, or another inflammatory disorder. **HTLV-2** is associated with milder neurologic disorders and chronic pulmonary infections. In the United States, HTLV-1/2 seroprevalence rates among volunteer blood donors average 0.016 percent.

No specific illnesses have yet been associated with **HTLV-3** and **HTLV-4**.

## Vaccination and treatments

While there is no present licensed vaccine, there are many factors which make a vaccine against HTLV-1 feasible. The virus displays relatively low antigenic variability, natural immunity does occur in humans, and experimental vaccination using envelope antigens has been shown to be successful in animal models. Plasmid DNA vaccines elicit potent and protective immune responses in numerous small-animal models of infectious diseases. However, their immunogenicity in primates appears less potent. In the past two decades a large initiative has been put forth to understand the biological and pathogenic properties of the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1); this has ultimately led to the development of various experimental vaccination and therapeutic strategies to combat HTLV-1 infection. These strategies include the development of envelope glycoprotein derived B-cell epitopes for the induction of neutralizing antibodies, as well as a strategy to generate a multivalent cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against the HTLV-1 Tax antigen. A vaccine candidate that can elicit or boost anti-gp46 neutralizing antibody response may have a potential for prevention and therapy against HTLV-1 infection.

Potential treatments include prosultiamine, a vitamin B-1 derivative, which has been shown to reduce viral load and symptoms; azacytidine, an anti-metabolite, which has been credited with the cure of a patient in Greece; tenofovir disoproxil (TDF), a reverse-transcriptase inhibitor used for HIV; cepharanthine, an alkaloid from stephania cepharantha hayata; and phosphonated carbocyclic 2'-oxa-3'aza nucleosides (PCOANs). A newer formulation of TDF, called tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), also has promise as a treatment with less toxicity.

## InfoBox

| Primate T-lymphotropic virus | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| a micrograph showing both *Human T-lymphotropic virus 1* and HIV | |
| Scientific classification | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| *Realm*: | *Riboviria* |
| Kingdom: | *Pararnavirae* |
| Phylum: | *Artverviricota* |
| Class: | *Revtraviricetes* |
| Order: | *Ortervirales* |
| Family: | *Retroviridae* |
| Subfamily: | *Orthoretrovirinae* |
| Genus: | *Deltaretrovirus* |
| Groups included | |
|  | |


title: Esporte Clube Aracruz

abstract: Esporte Clube Aracruz, commonly known as Aracruz, is a Brazilian football club based in Aracruz, Espírito Santo state. The club was formerly known as Esporte Clube Sauassu. They won the Campeonato Capixaba once.

text:
# Esporte Clube Aracruz

**Esporte Clube Aracruz**, commonly known as **Aracruz**, is a Brazilian football club based in Aracruz, Espírito Santo state. The club was formerly known as **Esporte Clube Sauassu**. They won the Campeonato Capixaba once.

## History

The club was founded on June 12, 1954, as Esporte Clube Sauassu. They won the Campeonato Capixaba Second Level in 1990 and in 2010. Aracruz won the Campeonato Capixaba in 2012, after beating Conilon in the final.

## Honours

## Stadium

Esporte Clube Aracruz play their home games at Estádio Eugênio Antônio Bitti. The stadium has a maximum capacity of 5,000 people.

## InfoBox

Aracruz
| Full name | Esporte Clube Aracruz |
| --- | --- |
| Nickname(s) | *Dragão Vermelho* |
| Founded | June 12, 1954 (1954-06-12) |
| Ground | Estádio Eugênio Antônio Bitti, Aracruz, Espírito Santo state, Brazil |
| Capacity | 5,000 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Sanjan Stambh

abstract: Sanjan Stambh is a memorial column at Sanjan in Gujarat, which commemorates the arrival of Zoroastrians there eleven centuries ago as a group of shipwrecked migrants who had fled Muslim persecution after the downfall of the Persian Empire and were welcomed to India by Hindu king Jadi Rana. It states the date of arrival at 936 CE. It was constructed in the year 1920 to perpetuate the memory of the arrival of the Zoroastrians in India. There is a Parsi dharamshala in the complex. The local Parsis of Sanjan celebrate the arrival of the community by celebrating Sanjan Day in November. The 'Stambh' is made of Vadodara granite. Its height, including the leaping flames of fire is 50 feet. The column rests on a square platform. There are 23 decorative rosettes.

text:
# Sanjan Stambh

**Sanjan Stambh** is a memorial column at Sanjan in Gujarat, which commemorates the arrival of Zoroastrians there eleven centuries ago as a group of shipwrecked migrants who had fled Muslim persecution after the downfall of the Persian Empire and were welcomed to India by Hindu king Jadi Rana.

It states the date of arrival at 936 CE. It was constructed in the year 1920 to perpetuate the memory of the arrival of the Zoroastrians in India. There is a Parsi dharamshala in the complex. The local Parsis of Sanjan celebrate the arrival of the community by celebrating Sanjan Day in November. The 'Stambh' is made of Vadodara granite. Its height, including the leaping flames of fire is 50 feet. The column rests on a square platform. There are 23 decorative rosettes.

* Uday Mahurkar; Farah Baria (4 December 2000). "Rite of Passage". *India Today*. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 13 May 2014.


title: Detroit waste incinerator

abstract: The Detroit waste incinerator, also known as the Detroit Resource Recovery Facility and as Detroit Renewable Power was an American waste-to-energy plant that operated in Detroit, Michigan from 1989 until 2019. It was demolished from 2022 to 2023.

text:
# Detroit waste incinerator

42°22′05″N 83°03′07″W / 42.368159°N 83.051898°W / 42.368159; -83.051898

The **Detroit waste incinerator**, also known as the **Detroit Resource Recovery Facility** and as **Detroit Renewable Power** was an American waste-to-energy plant that operated in Detroit, Michigan from 1989 until 2019. It was demolished from 2022 to 2023.

## Description

The Detroit waste incinerator, also known as the Detroit Resource Recovery Facility was a waste-to-energy facility located at 5700 Russell Street, Detroit. The plant was also often known by the name of operator Detroit Renewable Power. It covered 15 acres.

While operating, the plant processed 5,000 tons of waste on a daily basis and provided energy to 75,000 nearby homes. The plant was described by Detroit authorities as "as the largest municipal solid waste incinerator in Michigan."

## History

Plans for the incinerator were announced in May 1986. In 1987, Greenpeace protested at the site, putting up a banner that read "Mayor Coleman Young \- more cancer isn't the answer stop the Detroit Incinerator." Costing approximately $500 million, the plant opened in 1989.

Initially operated by the City of Detroit, the plant was operated by Detroit Renewable Power until March 27, 2019. Odors from the facility caused complaints from neighbor residents who also complained about respiratory issues. Local residents launched a campaign to close the plant, and shared concerns that the plant burned waste from affluent neighborhoods predominantly occupied by white communities, polluting the air near the plant which is surrounded by poorer communities, predominantly occupied by black residents. Local group Breathe Free Detroit organized a petition to close the plant.

Demolition started in 2022, managed by Homrich Wrecking company. The plant's smokestack was demolished on June 11, 2023.

## InfoBox

| Detroit waste incinerator | |
| --- | --- |
| In 2006 | |
|  | |
| Operated | 1989-2019 |
| Area | 15 acres |
| Address | 5700 Russell Street |
| Website | detroitrenewablepower.com |
| Defunct | 2019 |


title: Cửa Việt Base

abstract: Cửa Việt Base is a former U.S. Marine Corps, U.S. Navy, U.S. Army and Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) base north of Quảng Trị in central Vietnam.

text:
# Cửa Việt Base

**Cửa Việt Base** (also known as **Cửa Việt Combat Base**, **Cửa Việt Naval Support Activity**, **Camp Kistler** or simply **Cửa Việt**) is a former U.S. Marine Corps, U.S. Navy, U.S. Army and Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) base north of Quảng Trị in central Vietnam.

## History

### 1966-7

The base was located at the mouth of the Cửa Việt/Thạch Hãn River approximately 16 km north of Quảng Trị and only approximately 10 km south of the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone (DMZ).

The base was first established by the 3rd Marine Division in 1966 as a logistics and support base for Marine units along the DMZ and particularly the Đông Hà Combat Base once the Cửa Việt/Thạch Hãn River had been dredged to allow passage for LCUs.

In February 1967 the 12th Marines stationed 6 LVTH-6 at the base.

On 18 March an LST ramp opened at the base allowing supplies to be transhipped on LCUs and LCMs to Đông Hà. A petroleum, oil & lubricants (POL) facility was also established at the base, protected by a company from the 1st Battalion, 9th Marines.

In April 1967 under the name Operation Napoleon the 1st Amphibian Tractor Battalion with the 1st Battalion, 3rd Marines was tasked with keeping waterways around the base open. On 16 May the base was hit People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) rocket and artillery fire resulting in 5 Marines killed. Throughout the latter part of 1967 the base was subjected to frequent PAVN artillery and rocket fire from north of the DMZ.

During the northeast monsoon season the base's LST facility was closed from 7–29 December, limiting the flow of supplies to Marine bases.

### 1968–71

On 20 January 1968 PAVN artillery fire targeted navy boats on the river forcing the closure of the waterway. PAVN artillery fire, mines and fire from the north bank of the river continued to menace shipping for the following days and the Marines suffered 16 dead in clearing out PAVN ambush sites. From 23–26 January the 3rd Battalion, 1st Marines launched Operation Badger Catch to secure the north bank of the river and prevent PAVN reinforcements from entering the area.

On 24 February the Navy established *Task Force Clearwater* composed on 20 PBRs plus assorted support ships to keep the river open. On 29 February 3 Marines moved to the base to take control of the newly merged Operation Napoleon/Saline. The Marines and ARVN claimed over 1000 PAVN killed in area during the month of February.

On 10 March the base was hit by PAVN artillery, destroying 150 tons of ammunition, damaging numerous buildings and killing 1 American. On 11 April PAVN artillery hit the base's fuel farm destroying 40,000 gallons of petroleum. On 13 June PAVN artillery destroyed 104,000 gallons of petroleum at the base. On 19, 21 and 24 June the base was hit by PAVN artillery fire resulting in the destruction of ammunition and petroleum storage facilities.

An in-country rest and recreation center was established at the base and it was used for rehabilitation of Marine units coming in from operations along the DMZ.

On 21 February 1969 at 03:15 a U.S. Navy LCM-6 tied up at the base was damaged by an explosion, killing one sailor. At 04:00 two other LCMs were damaged by explosions. At 04:20 an explosive ordinance team detonated another satchel charge attached to an LCM and at 05:48 another explosion hit an LCM. U.S. Navy personnel saw a swimmer in the water and fired on him and at dawn found a dead North Vietnamese swimmer wearing Soviet scuba gear.

In September 1969 as part of Operation Keystone Cardinal the 3rd Marine Division began its withdrawal from Vietnam. The 4th Marines assumed responsibility for the Cua Viet area from the 3rd Marines, before departing from Cua Viet themselves on 22 October. The Marines handed over control of their tactical area of operations (including base) to the 1st Brigade, 5th Infantry Division and the ARVN 1st Division.

On 15 February 1970 Naval Support Activity Cửa Việt was disbanded and responsibility for the base was handed over to the US Army.

### 1972–5

In late October 1972 as part of the counteroffensive to the Easter Offensive, the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) began attacks north of Quảng Trị to try to regain positions along the south bank of the Cam Lộ/Cửa Việt River. The attacks were met with a stiff PAVN resistance and were stopped at the Thạch Hãn River. A further attack from the coast by the Vietnamese Marines in November made limited gains. By the end of 1972 the Marines and ARVN occupied positions 5 km south of the river. As the ongoing peace negotiations would soon lead to a ceasefire, the South Vietnamese Joint General Staff sought the most advantageous battlefield positions possible and so ordered a further effort to regain the south bank of the Cam Lộ/Cửa Việt River.

On 15 January 1973 planning began for a final assault on Cửa Việt . A special combined unit called *Task Force Tango* was organized, consisting of the 3rd, 4th and 5th Marine Battalions and elements of the 1st Armored Brigade. The task force was put under the command of Colonel Nguyen Thanh Tri, Deputy Commander of the RVN Marine Division.

The operation began at 06:55 on 26 January with Task Force Tango advancing in two columns. Besides ARVN firepower, naval gunfire of the United States Seventh Fleet was used to soften the target and hinder PAVN reinforcements. The PAVN put up fierce resistance to the attack, destroying 26 M-48s and M-113s with AT-3 missiles and shooting down two Republic of Vietnam Air Force planes with SA-7 missiles. At 01:45 on 28 January the Marines made a final assault and by 07:00 had broken through the PAVN lines to recapture the base. At 08:00 in accordance with the Paris Peace Accords the ceasefire came into effect and the U.S. stopped all support for Task Force Tango. On the evening of 29 January, the PAVN launched a counterattack against Task Force Tango, and by the next day had succeeded in cutting off its lines of communication and began bombarding the encircled Marines. A Republic of Vietnam Navy LCM was destroyed as it tried to resupply the Marines. The Marines attempted to break out on the early morning of 31 January and the PAVN recaptured the base.

Following the capture of the base the PAVN integrated it into their logistics network in northern Quảng Trị Province. During the 1975 Spring Offensive, the PAVN moved the 66th Mechanized Infantry Battalion, 202nd Armored Brigade by rail to Vinh and then by ship to Cửa Việt.

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Marine Corps.

## InfoBox

| Cửa Việt Base | |
| --- | --- |
| Quảng Trị, Quảng Trị province in Vietnam | |
| Marine UH-34D at the base in October 1966 | |
| Cửa Việt BaseShown within Vietnam | |
| Coordinates | 16°54′18″N 107°11′13″E / 16.905°N 107.187°E / 16.905; 107.187 |
| Type | Marines/Navy base |
| Site information | |
| Operator | Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN)
United States Marine Corps
United States Army (U.S. Army) |
| Condition | Abandoned |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1966 (1966) |
| In use | 1966-1975 (1975) |
| Battles/wars |
Vietnam War
Battle of Cua Viet |
| Garrison information | |
| Garrison | 3rd Marine Division
ARVN 1st Division
ARVN 3rd Division |


title: Reach Out Response Network

abstract: Reach Out Response Network is a Toronto based organization that advocates for the City of Toronto to increase community-led responses to mental health emergencies.

text:
# Reach Out Response Network

***Reach Out Response Network*** is a Toronto based organization that advocates for the City of Toronto to increase community-led responses to mental health emergencies.

## Organization

*Reach Out Response Network* is a community-led Toronto-based organization that was founded by Rachel Bromberg and Asante Haughton in 2020. It was based on the *Crisis Assistance Helping Out On The Streets* program run by the Eugene Police Department with a strong focus on advocacy work.

## Activities

In July 2020, co-founders Haughton and Bromberg published an op-ed in the Toronto Star promoting the organization. This created an influx of volunteers and a connection to Mohamed Shuriye, the City of Toronto's new manager of policing reform.

In 2020, they submitted a 92-page report of recommendations to the City of Toronto.

Their 2021 publication *Report on International Crisis Response Team Training* documented alternatives to police response to mental-health-related emergencies. Later in 2021, the group welcomed the City of Toronto's decision to pilot community-led responses to 911 calls about mental health crises.

## InfoBox

Reach Out Response Network
|
|  |
| Formation | 2020 |
| Headquarters | Toronto |
| Co-founders | Asante Haughton,<br>Rachel Bromberg |
| Website | https://reachouttoronto.ca/ |


title: Ellipsoptera lepida

abstract: Ellipsoptera lepida, the ghost tiger beetle, or the little white tiger beetle, is a species of flashy tiger beetle in the family Cicindelidae. It is found in Central America and North America. It is a state threatened species in Minnesota.

text:
# Ellipsoptera lepida

***Ellipsoptera lepida***, the **ghost tiger beetle**, or the **little white tiger beetle**, is a species of flashy tiger beetle in the family Cicindelidae. It is found in Central America and North America. It is a state threatened species in Minnesota.

## Description

The ghost tiger beetle is 9–11 mm (0.35–0.43 in) in length. The dorsal surface is white or cream, the head and thorax are green or reddish and covered with white setae, and the maculations are greatly expanded, leaving only small areas of white brown.

The species is active in the summer and it has a two-year life cycle.

## Habitat

Its habitat is in pure white to pale yellow dry sandy areas with sparse or no vegetation. It is commonly found on coastal shorelines or large lake shores.

## Further reading

* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2017). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 1: Archostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-33029-0.

## InfoBox

| *Ellipsoptera lepida* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cicindelidae |
| Genus: | *Ellipsoptera* |
| Species: | ***E. lepida*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ellipsoptera lepida***
(Dejean, 1831) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cicindela lepida*  Dejean, 1831 | |


title: Bruce Meade

abstract: Bruce Allen Meade is an inductee of both the Independent Softball Association Hall of Fame and the United States Slo-pitch Softball Association Hall of Fame. Meade has also been named to the All-World Tournament Team seven times. During his career, he appeared in nine ISA Super Major World Tournaments and three Senior World Tournaments.

text:
# Bruce Meade

**Bruce Allen Meade** (born c. 1951) is an inductee of both the Independent Softball Association Hall of Fame and the United States Slo-pitch Softball Association Hall of Fame. Meade has also been named to the All-World Tournament Team seven times. During his career, he appeared in nine ISA Super Major World Tournaments and three Senior World Tournaments.

## Early athletic career

Born in Bradenton, Florida, Bruce Meade did not play softball as a youth. Meade started roller skating at the age of 8 and won a regional championship for boys 18 and under in the freestyle category. He was also on his high school track team and competed in High Jump and Pole Vault.

## Softball career highlights

Meade has a lifetime average of .735 and hit more than 2,000 home runs in his career including 230 home runs in 1978 alone. In his 20-year career, Meade never batted below .625 and for 11 of those years he batted over .700.

## 510 Foot home run

Meade is best known for hitting a regulation softball (Dudley SB12L red stitch) 510 feet in Amarillo, Texas, in 1978. The distance was documented by an American Softball Association official who was in attendance.

## Family

Bruce Meade is married to his wife Ellen and they have two children, Bryce and Blake. Bruce Meade's sister Ellen Meade is an American beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Florida 1973.


title: Eschborn–Frankfurt Under-23

abstract: Eschborn–Frankfurt U23 is a road bicycle race held annually in Germany. It is organized as a 1.2U category event on the UCI Europe Tour, and is the under-23 version of Eschborn–Frankfurt.

text:
# Eschborn–Frankfurt Under-23

**Eschborn–Frankfurt U23** is a road bicycle race held annually in Germany. It is organized as a 1.2U category event on the UCI Europe Tour, and is the under-23 version of Eschborn–Frankfurt.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Second | Third |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1998 | Raphael Schweda | Stefan Rütimann | Marcel Strauss |
| 1999 | Stephan Schreck | Jochen Summer | Markus Wilfurth |
| 2000 | Torsten Hiekmann | Dirk Reichl | Thomas Bruun Eriksen |
| 2001 | David Kopp | Dirk Reichl | Christian Pfannberger |
| 2002 | Bernhard Kohl | Stefan Rucker | Steffen Lockan |
| 2003 | Denis Titschenko | Markus Fothen | Brian Vandborg |
| 2004 | Marc de Maar | Thomas Dekker | Bastiaan Giling |
| 2005–2007 | *No race* | | |
| 2008 | Stefan Denifl | Christoph Sokoll | Jean Schlüter |
| 2009 | Jack Bobridge | Daniel Schorn | Matthias Brändle |
| 2010 | Tino Thömel | Wesley Kreder | Loïc Aubert |
| 2011 | Patrick Bercz | Florian Scheit | Maurits Lammertink |
| 2012 | Sven Erik Bystrøm | Michael Valgren | Maurits Lammertink |
| 2013 | Lasse Norman Hansen | Michael Valgren | Maximilian Werda |
| 2014 | Mads Pedersen | Nils Politt | Sven Erik Bystrøm |
| 2015 | *No race* | | |
| 2016 | Konrad Geßner | Benjamin Declercq | Christophe Noppe |
| 2017 | Fabio Jakobsen | Casper Pedersen | Patrick Müller |
| 2018 | Niklas Larsen | Jonas Rutsch | Marten Kooistra |
| 2019 | Frederik Rodenberg | Kaden Groves | Jake Stewart |
| 2020–2022 | *No race* | | |
| 2023 | Joshua Gudnitz | Gustav Wang | Aklilu Arefayne |
| 2024 | Wessel Mouris | Peter Øxenberg Hansen | Alexander Arnt Hansen |

## InfoBox

Eschborn-Frankfurt City Loop U23
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Race details | |
| Date | May |
| Region | Frankfurt, Germany |
| Discipline | Road race |
| Competition | UCI Europe Tour |
| Type | One day race |
| Web site | www.eschborn-frankfurt.de/de/home/u23-rennen |
| History | |
| First edition | 1998 (1998) |
| Editions | 20 (as of 2024) |
| First winner | Raphael Schweda (GER) |
| Most wins | *No repeat wnners* |
| Most recent | Wessel Mouris (NED) |


title: Cleat (shoe)

abstract: Cleats or studs are protrusions on the sole of a shoe or on an external attachment to a shoe that provide additional traction on a soft or slippery surface. They can be conical or blade-like in shape and can be made of plastic, rubber or metal. The type worn depends on the environment of play: grass, ice, artificial turf, or other grounds. In American English, the term "cleats" is used synecdochically to refer to shoes featuring such protrusions. In Commonwealth English the correct term for shoes with studs is usually boots, especially when referring to football sports.

text:
# Cleat (shoe)

**Cleats** or **studs** are protrusions on the sole of a shoe or on an external attachment to a shoe that provide additional traction on a soft or slippery surface. They can be conical or blade-like in shape and can be made of plastic, rubber or metal. The type worn depends on the environment of play: grass, ice, artificial turf, or other grounds.

In American English, the term "cleats" is used synecdochically to refer to shoes featuring such protrusions.

In Commonwealth English the correct term for shoes with studs is usually boots, especially when referring to football sports.

## History

It is thought that during the Roman Empire, Roman legionaries wore studded sandals that resembled cleats. The caligae (as they were called) were heavy-soled hobnailed military sandal-boots known for being issued to legionary soldiers and auxiliaries throughout the Roman Republic and Empire.

Athletes have worn cleats since at least the 1500s. Although there are no images or surviving examples of cleats from that time period, the first written documentation of cleats comes from 1526, when "football boots" were listed in King Henry VIII's Great Wardrobe. According to researchers, the English monarch ordered the royal cordwainer (shoemaker), Isaac Ali, to make him a pair of hand-stitched boots "to play football". The shoes cost four shillings (about $200 today) and were probably made of especially strong leather.

Football remained a popular sport in England throughout the ensuing centuries, but it wasn't until the emergence of The Football Association in 1863 that the sport of football emerged as an actual organized game in England. With this, the sport took off in popularity, and understandably a demand for equipment began to emerge to ensure player safety and comfort. More importantly, technological innovations during this time period played a key role in new methods and materials used for production of cleats. In the 1840s, a method of hardening rubber and stopping it from decaying, called vulcanization, was developed in both England and the United States.

Vulcanized rubber is used in the production of all types of shoes, but is especially beneficial in the production of cleats, in that one of the primary purposes of football cleats is to protect the player's feet. Technology continued to improve in the coming decades, and by the 1890s studs are first used to make football cleats. The concept of spiked and studded shoes for other sports began to emerge as well in the late 19th century. In the 1890s, a British Company (now known as Reebok), developed the earliest known spiked leather running shoes.

Cleats began to be used in the United States in the 1860s when metal spikes were first used on baseball shoes. A baseball shoe, as defined by the Dickson Baseball Dictionary (3rd Ed), is "a special type of shoe designed and worn by baseball players that features cleats for traction and a full set of laces for support." The first official baseball shoe was invented and produced by Waldo M. Claflin, of Philadelphia in 1882. The use of cleats gained further notoriety in the United States with the birth of American football in the early 20th century. The original football shoes were actually baseball shoes, but innovations quickly emerged. In the 1920s, detachable cleats were first introduced. As the game continued to grow, cleats had to adapt to technological advances in playing surfaces, most notably artificial turf. By the 1970s, players were wearing footwear with short, rubber cleats for use on artificial turf.

Innovations in cleat technology continued to take place throughout the mid to late 20th century. In 1954, the first modern football boots were made by Adidas. They were lighter, had a non-leather sole, an upper portion made from kangaroo leather, and included replaceable rubber or plastic studs, which could be screwed in at different lengths. Later, in the 1990s, Adidas introduced another innovation in the form of rubber blades instead of studs, which faced different directions and allowed for better grip. Today, different types of cleats exist for different surfaces: replaceable aluminum cleats which are worn in wet dirt, firm plastic cleats which are for regular surfaces, and short, plastic or rubber cleats for very hard surfaces.

## Firm ground

Firm Ground cleats are defined as cleats that are made typically for use on natural surfaces such as dirt and grass. These cleats are equipped with large studs on the bottom of the shoe to assist in gripping the surface and preventing sliding and assisting in rapid directional changes. These studs are permanently attached to the cleats (i.e. they are not removable). The stud itself is often called a cleat. There are three main types of football boots: round, hard ground, and bladed. Active outdoorsman and philanthropist Erik Van Till is credited as a creator of the round cleat. While the studs are sometimes made out of metal, this is less common, as they are illegal in some sports for safety reasons.

### Association football

In association football, where the shoes themselves are known as football boots, there are three different cleat types. There are soft ground cleats which are made for wet weather. The soft ground cleats are always replaceable, and are almost always metal, so when they wear down they are easy to replace. There are firm ground cleats which are made for firm natural surfaces. In the UK, 'cleats' are universally known as studs. The term "sliding tackle" is considered a dangerous tackle made with the feet raised and the potentially damaging metal studs hitting the legs or feet of the opponent.

### American football

In the United States of America, college football coach Joseph Pipal has been credited as one of the creators of "mud cleats" for football shoes. Some of the first manufacturers of football cleats were Gola in 1905, Valsport in 1920 and Hummel in 1923 and are still in business today. in the year 1925 two brothers named Adolf and Rudolf Dassler developed a football cleat with replaceable metal studs for American football. The two brothers who created the first replaceable metal cleats had a falling out after WWII and they both went on to create two major football cleat manufacturers in Puma and Adidas. In 1929 the company Riddell made huge strides in the football cleat industry. They modeled the cleats differently featuring an "action last", meaning its sole had a steeper angle for "snug fit, proper support and maximum traction." In today's game more players prefer to wear molded cleats because they are more comfortable, but don't allow for changing during certain field conditions. Depending on the type of field, grass or artificial turf, players may opt to wear molded or removable stud cleats, since studs can vary in length and give more traction on grass than molded cleats do. There are different Protective equipment in gridiron football, cleats being a major aspect. Some of the major brands that players wear today are Nike, Adidas, and Under Armour.

### Australian football

In Australia, the studs on Australian rules football boots are traditionally referred to as "stops". Prior to modern molded plastic soles, these were often replaceable screw-in wooden studs.

In 1889 there were at least two types of stops used. One had a screw in the centre of stop/stud which was made up of conical shaped and layered leather strips. It was screwed into the boot sole. The other was the same as the other type, but fixed on to the boot sole by two nails.

### Baseball

In baseball, in laymen's terms, they are referred to as "cleats" or "spikes". The spikes are rectangular in shape, and can be made of rubber, plastic, or metal. Rubber cleats may feature grooves and smaller protrusions in the middle of the sole, while soft rubber spikes would be around the edges of the sole and at the heel. Plastic cleats are similar to rubber spikes. However, they feature a hard bottom and thick hard plastic spikes, with few to no grooves at all, and instead of the edge of the sole, the spikes compose the outsole of the shoe where the toes and ball of the foot would hit the ground during running, similar to track spikes and football cleats. Metal spikes are similar to plastic spikes, but instead of being thick pieces of plastic as spikes, they are thin pieces of metal, to make it easier to dig into grass and sand, and thereby increase traction.

Rubber and plastic cleats are used in youth baseball, with metal cleats typically prohibited. Metal spikes are almost exclusively used in the upper levels of the sport, including high school, college, and professional baseball. The use of metal spikes in American high school baseball was banned by the National Federation of State High School Associations in 1984 due to the risk of spike wounds, although some states received waivers nullifying the ban. The ban was lifted in 1989. There has also been increasing use of plastic spikes among professional players including those in Major League Baseball (MLB), due to the lighter weight of cleats and improved weight distribution leading to less wear and tear during the season.

Major League Baseball ended its insistence on cleat uniformity in 2018, which had been reflected in its Collective Bargaining Agreement’s Footwear Supplier Regulations “51 percent rule,” which required that players’ cleats mainly display their team’s primary colors.

### Lacrosse

Lacrosse cleats are characterized by having a high support for the ankle, and appear most similar to American Football cleats. A raised platform material surrounding the ankles is specific to the motions of players in the game. These motions include stopping and starting, and quick changes of direction as the game of play can rapidly change directions to either end of the field, necessitating ankle stability for such direction change. Lacrosse cleats contain a typical, standard toe cleat in the front and beneath the toes, for gaining traction off the toe. This is utilized for forward running, as well as potential pivot movement from the toe. Lacrosse cleats again differ from American Football cleats in that their cleats are placed to the edges of the foot sole whereas for Football the cleat spikes are found beneath the sole of the foot.

## Detachable

Detachable cleats are defined as those in which the studs are removable, typically through attaching or detaching a metal or plastic piece to the bottom of the shoe.

### Cycling cleats

A specially shaped metal or plastic piece that attaches to the bottom of a cycling shoe to positively and securely attach it to a clipless pedal system is called a cleat. The cleat engages with the pedal such that the cyclist's shoe remains mechanically attached to the pedal during pedalling. Typically the cleat and shoe are engaged with the pedal by pressing down against a spring loaded retention mechanism, and released by twisting the shoe and cleat sideways.

### Ice

Ice cleats or crampons are a type of spikes that usually are attachable under the soles of shoes (in such cases also called "shoe chains") to prevent slipping, especially on ice. There are several variations on the way they are mounted, sometimes with rubber bands or a fixed mount in front of the heel, making them easy to remove when not in use.

### Football studs

On soft (wet, muddy) ground, players often opt for removable studs. These are usual metal cones that vary in length, but are generally longer than traditional football studs. Added to the rubber or plastic studs already on the boot, these create more opportunities for the player to get a good foothold. The increased length and more aggressive shape help players gain traction in slippery conditions.

### Golf shoes

Spiked shoes are worn by many golfers. Initially, metal spikes were used. Metal spikes have been outlawed by many golf courses which now require soft spikes. Soft spikes are generally made of some type of thermoplastic material.

### Logger boots (calks)

Logging boots have several spikes attached to the soles of the boot. In general, these spikes are still mostly made of metal.

## Artificial ground

Artificial Ground cleats are cleats that are made primarily for use on man-made surfaces, such as artificial turf or running tracks.

### Baseball and softball

Although conventional cleats can be used on turf surfaces, specialized baseball and softball turf shoes are also manufactured. These shoes typically have numerous rubber studs along the soles as opposed to spikes.

### American football

While many cleats manufactured today for football can be used on artificial turf or natural surfaces, many molded cleats are designed and better served for use on artificial turf. The molded cleats tend to provide better traction on artificial surfaces, whereas detachable studs on cleats tend to be too thick for artificial turf and do not provide adequate grip on such a surface.

### Football turfs

Turf shoes have identical uppers to traditional football boots, but the outsoles differ in that they make up the "cleat" portion. Small rubber studs or patterns are like raised bumps that provide just enough of a difference in height to aid in traction on flat artificial turf. They are extremely durable, as they are more of an extension of the rubber outsole than a completely new addition to the shoe.

### Track spikes

Track spikes are placed at the bottom of shoes in order to increase traction and speed. While removable spikes are available, most runners opt for fixed spikes. These spikes come in a variety of different materials. Originally, spikes were made out of metal due to their strength and hardness. However, German engineers began experimenting with canvas and rubber spikes during the World War, in part to help find a more lightweight material. Finally, in the modern era, the most common type of track spike is made of plastic, due to being both cheap and easily molded. This second aspect of plastic is especially important, as spikes need to be made in a variety of different shapes in order to accommodate runners on all different types of surfaces. Needle spikes (3/16") are used on all-weather tracks, Christmas tree spikes (1/4") are especially common on any surface, pyramid spikes are used for cross country runners, and tartan spikes (1/4") are used mostly on rubber tracks.


title: Edward Hagarty Parry

abstract: Edward Hagarty Parry was a footballer. Born in Canada, he played for the England national team.

text:
# Edward Hagarty Parry

**Edward Hagarty Parry** (24 April 1855 – 19 July 1931) was a footballer. Born in Canada, he played for the England national team.

## Early life

Born in Toronto, Ontario, where his father served as a clergyman, Parry attended Charterhouse School from 1868 to 1874, and Exeter College, Oxford, where he graduated as B.A. in 1878 and M.A. in 1885.

## Football career

Parry played three times for England, against Wales in 1879 and 1882 and Scotland in 1882. He scored once.

He was captain (and goal-scorer) of the Old Carthusians team which won the 1881 FA Cup Final defeating Old Etonians 3–0. He was the first overseas-born captain of an FA Cup winning team, and the last until Irishman Johnny Carey with Manchester United in 1948 (and not Eric Cantona 48 years later).

He was also a member of the Wanderers club as well as for Swifts of Slough, Remnants, Windsor, and Stoke Poges FC clubs.

## Later life

Parry became a schoolmaster at Felsted School in 1879 before settling at Stoke House private school, Stoke Poges, Buckinghamshire in 1881, becoming its head master in 1892 and retiring in 1918. He was national chairman of the Private Schools Association in 1907 and sat on its council for many years. After his retirement, he helped to run the Officers' Family Fund for sons of officers who died in the recent First World War.

Parry became blind in his later years and died at his last home in West Bridgford, Nottingham on 19 July 1931, aged seventy-six. He was buried at the parish church at Plumtree, Nottinghamshire.

## Honours

**Oxford University**

**Old Carthusians**

## International goals

*Scores and results list England's goal tally first.*

| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 13 March 1882 | Racecourse Ground, Wrexham | Wales | 2–0 | 3–5 | Friendly |

## InfoBox

Edward Hagarty Parry
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Edward Hagarty Parry | | |
| Date of birth | (1855-04-24)24 April 1855 | | |
| Place of birth | Toronto, British Canada | | |
| Date of death | 19 July 1931(1931-07-19) (aged 76) | | |
| Place of death | West Bridgford, England | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Oxford University |  |  |
|  | Old Carthusians |  |  |
|  | Swifts |  |  |
|  | Remnants |  |  |
| 0000–1883 | Wanderers |  |  |
|  | Stoke Poges FC |  |  |
|  | Windsor |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1879–1882 | England | 3 | (1) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Ettringen, Bavaria

abstract: Ettringen is a municipality in the district of Unterallgäu in Bavaria, Germany.

text:
# Ettringen, Bavaria

**Ettringen** is a municipality in the district of Unterallgäu in Bavaria, Germany.

## InfoBox

| Ettringen | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Main street and the parish church | |
|  | |
| Location of Ettringen within Unterallgäu district | |
| Ettringen Ettringen | |
| Coordinates: 48°6′N 10°39′E / 48.100°N 10.650°E / 48.100; 10.650 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Bavaria |
| Admin. region | Schwaben |
| District | Unterallgäu |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202026) | Robert Sturm |
| Area | |
| Total | 41.52 km2 (16.03 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 581 m (1,906 ft) |
| Population (2023-12-31) | |
| Total | 3,565 |
| Density | 86/km2 (220/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 86833 |
| Dialling codes | 08249 |
| Vehicle registration | MN |
| Website | www.ettringen.de |


title: Eucalyptus dorrigoensis

abstract: Eucalyptus dorrigoensis, commonly known as the Dorrigo white gum, is a species of tree that is endemic to New South Wales. It has smooth white, grey or pink bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped, conical or hemispherical fruit.

text:
# Eucalyptus dorrigoensis

***Eucalyptus dorrigoensis***, commonly known as the  **Dorrigo white gum**, is a species of tree that is endemic to New South Wales. It has smooth white, grey or pink bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped, conical or hemispherical fruit.

## Description

*Eucalyptus dorrigoensis* is a tree that typically grows to a height of 30 m (98 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth, slightly powdery white, grey or pink bark, sometimes with slabs of rough bark near the base. Young plants and coppice regrowth have warty stems, the leaves arranged in opposite pairs and egg-shaped to broadly lance-shaped, 35–80 mm (1.4–3.1 in) long and 13–40 mm (0.51–1.57 in) wide. Adult leaves are the same colour on both sides, lance-shaped to curved, 60–220 mm (2.4–8.7 in) long and 12–27 mm (0.47–1.06 in) wide on a petiole 5–25 mm (0.20–0.98 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in groups of seven in leaf axils on an unbranched peduncle 4–10 mm (0.16–0.39 in) long, the individual buds on a pedicel 1–3 mm (0.039–0.118 in) long. Mature buds are oval, 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long and 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) wide with a conical operculum. Flowering occurs in May and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody conical or hemispherical capsule 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long and 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) wide with the valves extended beyond the rim.

## Taxonomy and naming

Dorrigo white gum was first formally described in 1934 by William Blakely in his book *A Key to Eucalypts* and given the name *Eucalyptus benthamii* var. *dorrigoensis*. In 1990, Lawrie Johnson and Ken Hill raised the variety to species status as *Eucalyptus dorrigoensis*. The specific epithet (*dorrigoensis*) is a reference to the distribution of this species near Dorrigo \- the ending *-ensis* is a Latin suffix "denoting place, locality \[or\] country".

## Distribution and habitat

*Eucalyptus dorrigoensis* grows in deep soils in valley forests from near the upper Macleay River to east of Tenterfield and mainly near Dorrigo.

## InfoBox

| Dorrigo white-gum | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Near Dorrigo | |
| Conservation status | |
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Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Eucalyptus* |
| Species: | ***E. dorrigoensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eucalyptus dorrigoensis***
(Blakely) L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill | |
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| Synonyms | |
| * *Eucalyptus benthamii* var. *dorrigoensis* Blakely * *Eucalyptus benthami* var. *dorrigoensis* Blakely orth. var. | |


title: Eucalyptus dolichorhyncha

abstract: Eucalyptus dolichorhyncha, commonly known as the fuchsia gum, is a species of mallet that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has smooth, pale grey over pale brown bark, lance-shaped to oblong adult leaves, pendulous, solitary, red flower buds in leaf axils, yellow flowers and winged fruit that is square in cross-section.

text:
# Eucalyptus dolichorhyncha

***Eucalyptus dolichorhyncha***, commonly known as the **fuchsia gum**, is a species of mallet that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has smooth, pale grey over pale brown bark, lance-shaped to oblong adult leaves, pendulous, solitary, red flower buds in leaf axils, yellow flowers and winged fruit that is square in cross-section.

## Description

*Eucalyptus dolichorhyncha* is a mallet that typically grows to a height of 1–6 m (3 ft 3 in – 19 ft 8 in) but does not form a lignotuber. It has smooth, pale grey over pale orange to pale brown bark. Young plants and coppice regrowth have leaves arranged alternately and egg-shaped to lance-shaped, 30–100 mm (1.2–3.9 in) long and 20–60 mm (0.79–2.36 in) wide and petiolate. Adult leaves are lance-shaped to oblong, 45–90 mm (1.8–3.5 in) long and 10–27 mm (0.39–1.06 in) wide on a petiole 8–16 mm (0.31–0.63 in) wide. The flower buds hang singly in leaf axils on a peduncle 20–42 mm (0.79–1.65 in) long, the pedicel 8–15 mm (0.31–0.59 in) long. Mature buds are red, oblong and square in cross section with a wing on each corner, 32–55 mm (1.3–2.2 in) long and 10–18 mm (0.39–0.71 in) wide. Flowering occurs between January and May and the flowers are yellow. The fruit is a woody capsule that is a similar shape to the mature buds, 29–40 mm (1.1–1.6 in) long and 13–30 mm (0.51–1.18 in) wide with the valves enclosed below the rim.

## Taxonomy and naming

Fuchsia gum was first formally described in 1973 by Ian Brooker who gave it the name *Eucalyptus forrestiana* subsp. *dolichorhyncha* and published the description in the *Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia*. The type specimen was collected by John W. Green near Grass Patch in 1957. In 1993, Brooker and Hopper raised the subspecies to species status as *E. dolichorhyncha*. The specific epithet (*dolichorhyncha*) is derived from the Ancient Greek words *dolichos* meaning "long" and *rhynchos* meaning "snout" or "muzzle", referring to the long narrow operculum.

## Distribution and habitat

*Eucalyptus dolichorhyncha* has a limited range on flats in a small area along the south coast of the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia north of Esperance where it grows in sandy clay or clay soils.

## Conservation status

This mallet is classified as "Priority Four" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife, meaning that is rare or near threatened.

## InfoBox

| Fuchsia gum | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Eucalyptus dolichorhyncha* (cultivated specimen) | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Priority Four — Rare Taxa (DEC) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Eucalyptus* |
| Species: | ***E. dolichorhyncha*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eucalyptus dolichorhyncha***
(Brooker) Brooker & Hopper | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Eucalyptus forrestiana* subsp. *dolichorhyncha* Brooker | |


title: Eta Lupi

abstract: η Lupi, often Latinised as Eta Lupi, is a probable triple star system in the southern constellation of Lupus. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 3.41. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 27.80 mas as seen from Earth, it is located around 136 parsecs (440 ly) distant from the Sun. It is a member of the Upper Centaurus–Lupus subgroup of the nearby Sco OB2 association. The inner pair in this triple system has an estimated orbital period of around 27,000 years. As of 2013, they had an angular separation of 15.0 arc seconds along a position angle of 19°. The primary star, component A, is an evolving A-type subgiant star with a stellar classification of B2 IV. It has used up the supply of hydrogen at its core and has begun to expand off the main-sequence. The secondary, component B, is a chemically peculiar A-type main sequence star with a class of A5 Vp and an estimated mass 2.10 times that of the Sun. The outer member, component C, has an orbital period of around half a million years. As of 2007, it had an angular separation of 115.8 arc seconds along a position angle of 248° from the primary. It is an F-type main sequence star with a classification of F5 V and an estimated 1.29 times the Sun's mass.

text:
# Eta Lupi

**η Lupi**, often Latinised as **Eta Lupi**, is a probable triple star system in the southern constellation of Lupus. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 3.41. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 27.80 mas as seen from Earth, it is located around 136 parsecs (440 ly) distant from the Sun. It is a member of the Upper Centaurus–Lupus subgroup of the nearby Sco OB2 association.

The inner pair in this triple system has an estimated orbital period of around 27,000 years. As of 2013, they had an angular separation of 15.0 arc seconds along a position angle of 19°. The primary star, component A, is an evolving A-type subgiant star with a stellar classification of B2 IV. It has used up the supply of hydrogen at its core and has begun to expand off the main-sequence.

The secondary, component B, is a chemically peculiar A-type main sequence star with a class of A5 Vp and an estimated mass 2.10 times that of the Sun. The outer member, component C, has an orbital period of around half a million years. As of 2007, it had an angular separation of 115.8 arc seconds along a position angle of 248° from the primary. It is an F-type main sequence star with a classification of F5 V and an estimated 1.29 times the Sun's mass.

* Kaler, James B. (June 24, 2011), "Eta Lupi", *Stars*, University of Illinois, retrieved 2017-03-04.

## InfoBox

η Lupi
| Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS) | |
| --- | --- |
| Constellation | Lupus |
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| Right ascension | 16h 00m 07.32786s |
| Declination | −38° 23 48.1513 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 3.41 (3.37 + 7.50 + 10.85) |
| Characteristics | |
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| Spectral type | B2 IV + A5 Vp + F5 V |
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| U−B color index | −0.83 |
| B−V color index | −0.22 |
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| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | +1.00±3.80 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: −16.96 mas/yr
Dec.: −27.83 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 7.38 ± 0.18 mas |
| **Distance** | 440 ± 10 ly
(136 ± 3 pc) |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | −2.24 |
|  | |
| Details | |
| η Lup A | |
| **Mass** | 7.0±0.2 |
| **Radius** | 6.7 |
| **Luminosity** | 1,729 |
| **Temperature** | 14,668 |
| **Rotational velocity (*v* sin *i*)** | 242 km/s |
| **Age** | 39.8±9.2 Myr |
|  | |
| Other designations | |
| η Lup, CD−38° 10797, HD 143118, HIP 78384, HR 5948, SAO 207208. | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |