title: Tammenga

abstract: Tammenga is a resort in Suriname, located in the Paramaribo District. Its population at the 2012 census was 15,819. The resort has been named after Henderijkes Tammenga (1815-1864), who after his first plantation did not succeed, started farming in a swampy area near Paramaribo in 1852. Most of the area was sold to East Indian indentured workers in the late 19th century.

text:
# Tammenga

**Tammenga** is a resort in Suriname, located in the Paramaribo District. Its population at the 2012 census was 15,819. The resort has been named after Henderijkes Tammenga (1815-1864), who after his first plantation did not succeed, started farming in a swampy area near Paramaribo in 1852. Most of the area was sold to East Indian indentured workers in the late 19th century.

## Notable people

5°48′58″N 55°12′53″W / 5.81624°N 55.21466°W / 5.81624; -55.21466

## InfoBox

| Tammenga | |
| --- | --- |
| Resort | |
| Farm of the Tammenga family (~1895) | |
| Map showing the resorts of Paramaribo District.  Tammenga | |
| Country | Suriname |
| District | Paramaribo District |
| Area | |
| Total | 6 km2 (2 sq mi) |
| Population (2012) | |
| Total | 15,819 |
| Density | 2,600/km2 (6,800/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-3 (AST) |


title: Saripalle

abstract: Saripalle is a village in West Godavari district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Ganapavaram mandal of Eluru revenue division.

text:
# Saripalle

**Saripalle** is a village in West Godavari district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Ganapavaram mandal of Eluru revenue division.

## InfoBox

| Saripalle | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Dynamic map | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| District | West Godavari |
| Talukas | Tadepalligudem |
| Area | |
| Total | 6.19 km2 (2.39 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 11,749 |
| Density | 1,900/km2 (4,900/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Telugu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 534198 |
| Telephone code | 08818 |
| Vehicle registration | AP |


title: Facelina fragilis

abstract: Facelina fragilis is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Facelinidae.

text:
# Facelina fragilis

***Facelina fragilis*** is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Facelinidae.

## Distribution

This species has been reported from New Caledonia.

## InfoBox

| *Facelina fragilis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Nudibranchia |
| Suborder: | Cladobranchia |
| Family: | Facelinidae |
| Genus: | *Facelina* |
| Species: | ***F. fragilis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Facelina fragilis***<br>(Risbec, 1928) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Aeolidia fragilis* Risbec, 1928 | |


title: Carns, Nebraska

abstract: Carns is an extinct town in Keya Paha County, in the U.S. state of Nebraska. Carns bears the name of a pioneer settler. A post office called Carns was established in 1879, and remained in operation until 1943. An early variant name of the post office may have been Elm Grove.

text:
# Carns, Nebraska

**Carns** is an extinct town in Keya Paha County, in the U.S. state of Nebraska.

Carns bears the name of a pioneer settler. A post office called Carns was established in 1879, and remained in operation until 1943. An early variant name of the post office may have been Elm Grove.

42°44′05″N 99°28′56″W / 42.73472°N 99.48233°W / 42.73472; -99.48233

## InfoBox

| Carns, Nebraska | |
| --- | --- |
| Ghost town | |
| CarnsCarns | |
| Coordinates: 42°42′N 99°30′W / 42.7°N 99.5°W / 42.7; -99.5 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Nebraska |
| County | Keya Paha |


title: Charles Burton Buckley

abstract: Charles Burton Buckley was a prominent historian, businessman and lawyer in Singapore. He revived The Singapore Free Press in 1884 and wrote An Anecdotal History of Old Times in Singapore.

text:
# Charles Burton Buckley

**Charles Burton Buckley** (30 January 1844 — 22 May 1922) was a prominent historian, businessman and lawyer in Singapore. He revived *The Singapore Free Press* in 1884 and wrote *An Anecdotal History of Old Times in Singapore*.

## Early life and education

Buckley was born in London on 30 January 1844. He was the second son of vicar John Wall Buckley and his wife Elizabeth Burton, who had ten children, including Arabella Buckley and Henry Buckley, 1st Baron Wrenbury. He was educated at Winchester College. However, owing to his poor health, he did not go to university. William Henry Macleod Read, a family friend and his neighbour who was the head of the A. L. Johnston & Company in Singapore, suggested that he move to Singapore, as his doctors recommended a warmer climate. Read also offered Buckley a job at the company.

## Career

Buckley arrived in 1864 and was employed at A. L. Johnston & Company. In 1875, he left for Johor to work at the Chendras Gold Mine, which was near Mount Ophir. He returned to Singapore soon after and began studying law. He also served as an assistant to Thomas Braddell, the Attorney-General of the British Colony of Singapore. In 1877, he became a partner of Rodyk & Davidson. He served as the confidential advisor to Sultan Abu Bakar of Johor and later Sultan Ibrahim of Johor. In 1884, he acquired and revived *The Singapore Free Press*, a weekly newspaper that ceased publication in 1869. He also introduced a history column in the newspaper, which he later expanded in 1887, when he converted the newspaper into a daily newspaper. In 1904, he was appointed the honorary financial and general adviser to the Johor government. He retired from this position in early 1910.

In 1901, he completed *An Anecdotal History of Old Times in Singapore*, which attempted to chronicle the history of early Singapore. The book was published in two volumes by Fraser & Neave in December 1902. In a 1954 review of the book for the *Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society*, Carl Alexander Gibson-Hill criticised the book for its lack of accuracy, and described Buckley as a "careless, slipshod worker". In the review, Gibson-Hill wrote: "There is no doubt that Buckley was not the right man to have tackled the compilation of the Anecdotal History in natural capacity or training. Equally ill-health and too many activities left him with insufficient time to do the work properly." However, he wrote that much of the book's contents, if "more carefully handled", would be "of value, as Buckley intended that it should be, as an account of the early years of Singapore."

## Personal life and death

Buckley was an amateur stage actor and manager, and a singer. He performed in several amateur theatricals and concerts in Singapore, and was a committee member of the Singapore Amateur Musical Society. He held annual Christmas parties for children. He was also the first person in Singapore to drive his own car, a 4.5-horsepower Benz Viktoria.

In March 1911, he went on a trip to England with Ismail of Johor. He fell ill on the trip and died in London on 22 May 1922. Following his death, a portrait of him was commissioned and hung in the Victoria Theatre and Concert Hall.


title: Ravenswood Estates, Florida

abstract: Ravenswood Estates is a former census-designated place (CDP) in Broward County, Florida, United States. The population was 960 at the 2000 census. It is now a community located in Dania Beach, Florida.

text:
# Ravenswood Estates, Florida

**Ravenswood Estates** is a former census-designated place (CDP) in Broward County, Florida, United States. The population was 960 at the 2000 census. It is now a community located in Dania Beach, Florida.

## Geography

Ravenswood Estates is located at 26°3′20″N 80°10′37″W / 26.05556°N 80.17694°W / 26.05556; -80.17694 (26.055591, -80.176839).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.4 km2 (0.15 sq mi), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 960 people, 434 households, and 279 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,180.3 people/km2 (5,647 people/sq mi). There were 588 housing units at an average density of 1,335.5 units/km2 (3,459 units/sq mi). The racial makeup of the CDP was 92.50% White (86.4% were Non-Hispanic White,) 2.08% African American, 0.10% Native American, 1.98% Asian, 1.25% from other races, and 2.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.50% of the population.

There were 434 households, out of which 21.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.7% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.5% were non-families. 29.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.69.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 17.9% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 28.9% from 45 to 64, and 23.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $38,824, and the median income for a family was $40,815. Males had a median income of $39,779 versus $27,656 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,653. About 8.6% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.2% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2000, English as a first language accounted for 81.04% of all residents, while French made up 13.58%, and Spanish was the mother tongue of 5.36% of the population.

1. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
2. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
3. "Demographics of Ravenswood Estates, FL". MuniNetGuide.com. Retrieved 2007-11-17.
4. "MLA Data Center Results for Ravenswood Estates, FL". Modern Language Association. Retrieved 2007-11-17.

## InfoBox

| Ravenswood Estates, Florida | |
| --- | --- |
| neighborhood | |
| Coordinates: 26°3′20″N 80°10′37″W / 26.05556°N 80.17694°W / 26.05556; -80.17694 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Florida |
| County | Broward |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.2 sq mi (0.4 km2) |
| Land | 0.2 sq mi (0.4 km2) |
| Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 960 |
| Density | 5,773.6/sq mi (2,229.2/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| FIPS code | 12-59587 |


title: Ralph Lopes

abstract: Sir Ralph Lopes, 2nd Baronet, of Maristow in the parish of Tamerton Foliot, Devon, was a British Member of Parliament (MP).

text:
# Ralph Lopes

**Sir Ralph Lopes, 2nd Baronet** (10 September 1788 – 23 January 1854), of Maristow in the parish of Tamerton Foliot, Devon, was a British Member of Parliament (MP).

## Biography

Lopes was born as **Ralph Franco**. His uncle, Manasseh Masseh Lopes, an MP and borough owner, was created a baronet in 1805, with a special remainder to his nephew. Ralph entered Parliament in 1814 as member for Westbury, a pocket borough controlled by his uncle, for which he initially sat until 1819. On his uncle's death in 1831 he inherited both the baronetcy and his estate, a condition of which was that he change his surname to Lopes. Included in the estate was the right to nominate the MPs at Westbury (though this did not survive the Great Reform Act of the following year), and he resumed his seat for the borough. Although he had originally sat as a Tory like his uncle, he now expressed his support for the Reform Bill and sat with the Whigs.

Having been three times elected unopposed, Ralph switched his loyalties during the 1835 Parliament from the Whigs back to the Conservatives, and at the 1837 election a Whig candidate stood against him and defeated him, by the narrow margin of 98 votes to 96. However, at the next election, in 1841, Lopes was once again elected unopposed, this time as a Conservative. In 1847 he stood down in Westbury, not contesting the election, but two years later he returned to the Commons at a by-election for the Southern Devon county division. He held this seat until his death in 1854.

His older son, Sir Massey Lopes, succeeded him as baronet; a younger son, Henry Lopes, 1st Baron Ludlow, served in Parliament and later as a Lord Justice of Appeal before being granted a peerage in 1897.

## Arms

Lopes adopted the coat of arms granted to his uncle Manasseh Lopes, blazoned *Azure, a chevron or charged with three bars gemelles gules between three eagles rising of the second on a chief of the second five lozenges of the first*.

## InfoBox

| Ralph Lopes | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament for Southern Devon | |
| **In office**
1849–1854 | |
| Member of Parliament for Westbury | |
| **In office**
1831-1837
1841–1847 | |
| Member of Parliament for Westbury | |
| **In office**
1814–1819 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Ralph Franco
(1788-09-10)10 September 1788 |
| Died | 23 January 1854(1854-01-23) (aged 65) |
| Political party | Tory (before 1831)
Whig (1831-1835)
Conservative (after 1835) |
| Children | 2+, including Massey and Henry |
| Relatives | Manasseh Lopes (uncle) |
|  | |


title: 2017 Kentucky Bank Tennis Championships

abstract: The 2017 Kentucky Bank Tennis Championships was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 22nd edition, for men, and 20th edition, for women, of the tournament and part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2017 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Lexington, Kentucky, United States, on 31 July – 6 August 2017.

text:
# 2017 Kentucky Bank Tennis Championships

The **2017 Kentucky Bank Tennis Championships** was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 22nd edition, for men, and 20th edition, for women, of the tournament and part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2017 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Lexington, Kentucky, United States, on 31 July – 6 August 2017.

## Men's singles main draw entrants

### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank1 | Seed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| KAZ | Alexander Bublik | 122 | 1 |
| USA | Denis Kudla | 172 | 2 |
| AUS | John Millman | 174 | 3 |
| USA | Michael Mmoh | 175 | 4 |
| IRL | James McGee | 206 | 5 |
| AUS | John-Patrick Smith | 209 | 6 |
| AUS | Andrew Whittington | 228 | 7 |
| SLO | Blaž Rola | 244 | 8 |

* 1 Rankings as of 24 July 2017.

### Other entrants

The following players received a wildcard into the singles main draw:

The following players received entry into the singles main draw using a protected ranking:

The following player received entry into the singles main draw as a special exempt:

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:

The following players received entry as lucky losers:

* Mark Verryth
* Trey Yates

## Women's singles main draw entrants

### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank1 | Seed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ~~USA~~ | ~~Danielle Collins~~ | ~~160~~ | ~~1~~ |
| USA | Sofia Kenin | 165 | 2 |
| GBR | Laura Robson | 180 | 3 |
| JPN | Eri Hozumi | 191 | 4 |
| FRA | Chloé Paquet | 208 | 5 |
| USA | Irina Falconi | 214 | 6 |
| USA | Grace Min | 215 | 7 |
| RUS | Ksenia Lykina | 222 | 8 |

* 1 Rankings as of 24 July 2017.

### Other entrants

The following players received a wildcard into the singles main draw:

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:

The following player received entry as a Lucky Loser:

## Champions

### Men's singles

### Women's singles

### Men's doubles

### Women's doubles

## InfoBox

| 2017 Kentucky Bank Tennis Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 31 July – 6 August |
| Edition | 22nd (men)
20th (women) |
| Category | ATP Challenger Tour
ITF Women's Circuit |
| Surface | Hard |
| Location | Lexington, Kentucky, United States |
| Champions | |
| Men's singles | |
| Michael Mmoh | |
| Women's singles | |
| Grace Min | |
| Men's doubles | |
| Alex Bolt /  Max Purcell | |
| Women's doubles | |
| Priscilla Hon /  Vera Lapko | |
|  | |


title: Dickson County War Memorial Building

abstract: The Dickson County War Memorial Building is a historic building in Dickson, Tennessee, U.S. It was built in 1932–1933. It was designed in the Colonial Revival architectural style by Emmons H. Woolwine. It was home to the Dickson County Library from 1933 to 1939, when it was used for the Draft board. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since March 18, 1999.

text:
# Dickson County War Memorial Building

The **Dickson County War Memorial Building** is a historic building in Dickson, Tennessee, U.S. It was built in 1932–1933. It was designed in the Colonial Revival architectural style by Emmons H. Woolwine. It was home to the Dickson County Library from 1933 to 1939, when it was used for the Draft board. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since March 18, 1999.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Dickson County War Memorial Building | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 225 Center Avenue, Dickson, Tennessee |
| Coordinates | 36°4′27″N 87°23′26″W / 36.07417°N 87.39056°W / 36.07417; -87.39056 |
| Area | 1 acre (0.40 ha) |
| Built | 1933 (1933) |
| Architect | Emmons H. Woolwine |
| Architectural style | Colonial Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 99000365 |
| Added to NRHP | March 18, 1999 |


title: Darkside (Alan Walker song)

abstract: "Darkside" is a song by British-Norwegian record producer and DJ Alan Walker, featuring Antiguan-German singer-songwriter Au/Ra and Norwegian singer Tomine Harket. The song was recorded on June 27, 2018 and released on July 27 via Mer Musikk and Ultra Music. Two remixes were released, one by Austrian DJ and producer LUM!X and one by Afrojack in collaboration with Chasner. However, neither were officially published by Walker's YouTube channel.

text:
# Darkside (Alan Walker song)

"**Darkside**" is a song by British-Norwegian record producer and DJ Alan Walker, featuring Antiguan-German singer-songwriter Au/Ra and Norwegian singer Tomine Harket. The song was recorded on June 27, 2018 and released on July 27 via Mer Musikk and Ultra Music. Two remixes were released, one by Austrian DJ and producer LUM!X and one by Afrojack in collaboration with Chasner. However, neither were officially published by Walker's YouTube channel.

## Background

The single is the second installment in the World of Walker trilogy, with the futuristic, post-apocalyptic sci-fi world seen in his previous video "All Falls Down" revisited here with hopeful views for the future with majestic landscapes. The video before "All Falls Down", "Tired" served as a prequel to this trilogy where a solar storm destroyed all technology on earth, changing the course of humanity forever. The lyric during the chorus, "I see it, let's feel it, while we're still young and fearless" samples a part from the melody of the popular production music track "Heart of Courage" by Two Steps from Hell.

## Music video

These videos were directed by MER creative director Kristian Berg. Together, with the accompanying music video, "Darkside" is the second song in the "World of Walker" trilogy, following the previous single "All Falls Down".

## Charts

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Austria (IFPI Austria) | Gold | 15,000 |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 80,000 |
| Denmark (IFPI Danmark) | Gold | 45,000 |
| Mexico (AMPROFON) | Gold | 30,000 |
| Poland (ZPAV) | 2× Platinum | 40,000 |
| Portugal (AFP) | Gold | 5,000 |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | Gold | 30,000 |
| Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland) | Gold | 10,000 |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 200,000 |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000 |
| Streaming | | |
| Sweden (GLF) | 2× Platinum | 16,000,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
Streaming-only figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| "Darkside" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Alan Walker, Au/Ra and Tomine Harket | |
| from the album  *Different World* | |
| Released | July 27, 2018 |
| Recorded | June 27, 2018 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 3:31 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | * Walker * Mood Melodies * Olsen * Mere Music |
| Alan Walker singles chronology | |
| "All Falls Down"
(2017) "**Darkside**"
(2018) "Diamond Heart"
(2018) | |
|  | |
| Audio sample | |
| "Darkside" | |
| Music video | |
| "Darkside" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Saripalli

abstract: Saripalli is a village in Nellimarla mandal of Vizianagaram district in Andhra Pradesh, India. Located on the banks of Champavathi River, Saripalli is famous for Dibbi Lingeswara Swami temple, constructed between the seventh and tenth centuries by Kalingas, featuring beautiful sculptures on the temple walls; and Ramalingeswara Swamy temple on a small hillock near adjacent to the village of Saripalli.

text:
# Saripalli

**Saripalli** is a village in Nellimarla mandal of Vizianagaram district in Andhra Pradesh, India.

Located on the banks of Champavathi River, Saripalli is famous for Dibbi Lingeswara Swami temple, constructed between the seventh and tenth centuries by Kalingas, featuring beautiful sculptures on the temple walls; and Ramalingeswara Swamy temple on a small hillock near adjacent to the village of Saripalli.

## InfoBox

| Saripalli | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| view of Saripalli village from a hillock | |
| Dynamic map | |
| SaripalliLocation in Andhra Pradesh, IndiaSaripalliSaripalli (India) | |
| Coordinates: 18°7′54″N 83°28′46″E / 18.13167°N 83.47944°E / 18.13167; 83.47944 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| Languages | |
| Official | Telugu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 535218 |


title: Redemptoris nostri cruciatus

abstract:
Redemptoris nostri cruciatus is an encyclical of Pope Pius XII dated 15 April 1949 focusing on the situation in Palestine immediately following the cessation of fighting in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It was published shortly after the signing of armistice agreements between Arabs and Jews that brought the war to an end. The Pope mentioned the numerous refugees who lived in exile and even in concentration camps, and asks for more systematic efforts to allow those people a life in peace. The encyclical, however, makes no mention of Israel. The Pope’s main concern was for the holy places in the region. He stated that the holy places now faced difficulties and uncertainty, and repeated his call for the internationalization of Jerusalem:
  - We have already insisted in Our Encyclical letter In multiplicibus, that the time has come when Jerusalem and its vicinity, where the previous memorials of the Life and Death of the Divine Redeemer are preserved, should be accorded and legally guaranteed an "international" status, which in the present circumstances seems to offer the best and most satisfactory protection for these sacred monuments. The encyclical argued that internationalization would provide "due immunity and protection be guaranteed to all the Holy Places of Palestine not only in Jerusalem but also in the other cities and villages as well." It also stated that "not a few of these [holy] places have suffered serious loss and damage owing to the upheaval and devastation of the war," [and] "these places should also be suitably protected by definite statute guaranteed by an "international" agreement." The Pope instructed the many Catholic institutions in Palestine to help the poor, to educate youth and give hospitality to visitors. They should carry out unimpeded the work they did in the past. The Holy Places, which Catholics during many centuries have acquired and time and again defended, should be preserved inviolate.

text:
# Redemptoris nostri cruciatus

***Redemptoris nostri cruciatus*** (*The passion of our Redeemer*) is an encyclical of Pope Pius XII dated 15 April 1949 focusing on the situation in Palestine immediately following the cessation of fighting in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It was published shortly after the signing of armistice agreements between Arabs and Jews that brought the war to an end.

The Pope mentioned the numerous refugees who lived in exile and even in concentration camps, and asks for more systematic efforts to allow those people a life in peace. The encyclical, however, makes no mention of Israel.

The Pope’s main concern was for the holy places in the region. He stated that the holy places now faced difficulties and uncertainty, and repeated his call for the internationalization of Jerusalem:

We have already insisted in Our Encyclical letter *In multiplicibus*, that the time has come when Jerusalem and its vicinity, where the previous memorials of the Life and Death of the Divine Redeemer are preserved, should be accorded and legally guaranteed an "international" status, which in the present circumstances seems to offer the best and most satisfactory protection for these sacred monuments.

The encyclical argued that internationalization would provide "due immunity and protection be guaranteed to all the Holy Places of Palestine not only in Jerusalem but also in the other cities and villages as well." It also stated that "not a few of these \[holy\] places have suffered serious loss and damage owing to the upheaval and devastation of the war," \[and\] "these places should also be suitably protected by definite statute guaranteed by an "international" agreement."

The Pope instructed the many Catholic institutions in Palestine to help the poor, to educate youth and give hospitality to visitors. They should carry out unimpeded the work they did in the past. The Holy Places, which Catholics during many centuries have acquired and time and again defended, should be preserved inviolate.

## InfoBox

| *Redemptoris nostri cruciatus*
Latin for 'The passion of our Redeemer'
Encyclical of Pope Pius XII | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Signature date | 15 April 1949 |
| Number | 16 of the pontificate |
|


title: Shaaiq Choudhry

abstract: Shaaiq Choudhry is an English cricketer who has played for Worcestershire County Cricket Club. A right-handed batsman and slow left-arm orthodox bowler, he made his first-class debut in 2007 playing for Marylebone Cricket Club in a three-day match as part of the West Indies tour of England in 2007.Shaaiq in his spare time enjoys playing local Yorkshire league cricket because it makes him feel like he is still relevant, recently scoring 109* for £500 against the world's greatest cricket club CACC, which turned out to only be in vain as CACC ended up boxing the opposition out with a ball to spare :)

text:
# Shaaiq Choudhry

**Shaaiq Choudhry** (born 1985) is an English cricketer who has played for Worcestershire County Cricket Club. A right-handed batsman and slow left-arm orthodox bowler, he made his first-class debut in 2007 playing for Marylebone Cricket Club in a three-day match as part of the West Indies tour of England in 2007.Shaaiq in his spare time enjoys playing local Yorkshire league cricket because it makes him feel like he is still relevant, recently scoring 109\* for £500 against the world's greatest cricket club CACC, which turned out to only be in vain as CACC ended up boxing the opposition out with a ball to spare :)

## Career

### Debut

Born 3 November 1985 in Rotherham, South Yorkshire, Choudhry made his debut for Marylebone Cricket Club as a 21-year-old against the West Indies. Batting at eight, Choudhry top scored for the MCC with a score of 54 not out in 143 balls helping MCC to 260. Choudhry also bowled 12 overs without success in a drawn match.

### County cricket

From 2007 until 2010, Choudhry was contracted at Warwickshire, despite playing in a host of second XI matches he left the club in 2010 without making a single senior appearance. In May 2010, Choudhry was given an eight-week trial with Worcestershire. During his trial, Choudhry played in a drawn County Championship game against Sussex at Hove where he made a then career best 63 in the first innings, helping Worcestershire towards a first innings score of 464. He then claimed the wicket of Ed Joyce in the Sussex innings. Choudhry signed a one-year contract with Worcestershire following a successful trial with the club.

The day after the contract was agreed, Choudhry made his T20 debut in a loss against Durham. Choudhry made his List A debut for Worcestershire in July against Sussex where he made 39 and was wicketless in a heavy 159 run loss. In late August 2010, Choudhry took one wicket and scored the winning run with 21 not out in a victory against Unicorns. On 1 September 2010, Choudhry claimed his best one day bowling figures of 4–54 against Surrey. Choudhry claimed the wicket of England international Kevin Pietersen with a caught and bowled in his one-day debut for Surrey after he joined on a months loan from Hampshire as Worcestershire won by 90 runs. In April 2011, Choudhry also claimed two wickets in a loss against Middlesex. Choudhry took 2–24 in a one-day match against Northamptonshire at New Road in a seven wicket victory for Worcestershire.

## InfoBox

Shaaiq Choudhry
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Shaaiq Hussain Choudhry |
| Born | (1985-11-03) 3 November 1985<br>Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Slow left-arm orthodox |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 2010–2014 | Worcestershire *(squad no. 28)* |
|  | |
| FC debut | 1 June 2007 MCC v West Indians |
| LA debut | 19 July 2010 Worcestershire v Sussex |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition FC LA T20  Matches 11 22 11  Runs scored 306 163 61  Batting average 25.50 18.11 30.50  100s/50s 0/3 0/0 0/0  Top score 75 39 26\*  Balls bowled 1,000 618 156  Wickets 17 14 6  Bowling average 27.82 46.14 30.33  5 wickets in innings 0 0 0  10 wickets in match 0 0 0  Best bowling 4/38 4/54 2/24  Catches/stumpings 6/– 7/– 0/– | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 25 May 2013 | |


title: Charles Burton Robbins

abstract: Charles Burton Robbins was a United States Army officer and United States Assistant Secretary of War from 1928 to 1929.

text:
# Charles Burton Robbins

**Charles Burton Robbins** (November 6, 1877 – July 5, 1943) was a United States Army officer and United States Assistant Secretary of War from 1928 to 1929.

## Biography

Robbins was born on November 6, 1877, in Hastings, Iowa. His family relocated to Lincoln, Nebraska, in 1893. Both of his parents died and Robbins went to a private school in Long Island, New York. He graduated from the University of Nebraska at Lincoln in 1898.

After graduating, Robbins enlisted into the United States Army to serve in the Spanish-American War. Fighting in the Battle of Marilao River on March 27, 1899, Robbins was wounded in action. He was commissioned as a lieutenant when he was sent to the Philippine-American War. After the war, Robbins enrolled at Columbia Law School and enlisted in the New York National Guard.

Robbins returned to Iowa in 1903 to practice insurance law. He also married Helen Larrabee, the daughter of Governor William Larrabee and Anna Matilda Larrabee. In 1909, Governor Beryl F. Carroll appointed Robbins as a judge on the superior court of to the Cedar Rapids, Iowa. During World War I, he served as adjutant to Brigadier General Hubert Allison Allen at Camp Cody, New Mexico. Following the war, Robbins was promoted to major in the Army Reserves and then to colonel in the Officers Reserve Corps.

In January 1928, President Calvin Coolidge appointed Robbins as Assistant Secretary of War, succeeding Hanford MacNider. He submitted his resignation on March 5, 1929.

Robbins died on July 5, 1943, in Cedar Rapids. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia.

## InfoBox

| Charles B. Robbins | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1877-11-06)November 6, 1877
Hastings, Iowa |
| Died | July 5, 1943(1943-07-05) (aged 65)
Cedar Rapids, Iowa |
| Resting place | Arlington National Cemetery |
| Spouse | Helen Larrabee Robbins  (m. 1903; died 1919) |
|  | |
|  | |
| United States Assistant Secretary of War | |
| **In office**
January 4, 1928  March 5, 1929 | |
| President | Calvin Coolidge |
| Preceded by | Hanford MacNider |
| Succeeded by | Patrick J. Hurley |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Service/branch | United States Army |
| Rank | Colonel |
| Battles/wars | Spanish-American War
Philippine-American War
World War I |
| Awards | Silver Star
Purple Heart |
|  | |


title: Raúl de Nieves

abstract: Raul de Nieves is a multimedia artist, performer, and musician. He lives and works in Brooklyn, New York.

text:
# Raúl de Nieves

**Raul de Nieves** (born 1983, Michoacán, Mexico) is a multimedia artist, performer, and musician. He lives and works in Brooklyn, New York.

## Early life

De Nieves grew up in Michoacán, Mexico. His father passed away when de Nieves was two. Several years later, de Nieves and his family emigrated to San Diego, CA. At 20, de Nieves was accepted to the California College of the Arts, but decided against paying the tuition fees and instead moved to San Francisco's Mission District. He worked at an antiques shop called Gypsy Honeymoon and soon met fellow artist and sculptor Stewart Uoo.

## Work

De Nieve's showed first series of paintings, *St George and the Dragon* (2003–05), in 2005 at the back room of the Gypsy Honeymoon.

The following year, de Nieves moved to New York and exhibited new sculptures, shoes, at Newman Popiashvili.

In 2014, he completed his first life-sized work, *Day(ves) of Wonder*, which returned the artist back to his performance roots in Mexican textiles and Bushwick drag.

Later that year, De Nieves and composer Colin Self staged *The Fool* which was an hour-long opera comprising a 15-member chorus, four soloists, and an instrumental quintet. The performance took place at Issue Project Room and De Nieves created two giant, gem encrusted doors for the performance that portrayed the tarot card, The Fool.

For the 2017 Whitney Biennial, de Nieves was commissioned to make a stained-glass window titled, *Beginning & the end neither & the otherwise betwixt & between the end is the beginning & the end* (2017).

In 2018, in partnership with Art Production Fund and Bvlgari, de Nieves completed his first public art installation, a carousel called, *When I Look in to Your Eyes I See the Sun.* Various mythological beasts and anthropomorphic humans and jester-like creatures adorn the carousel. The work was displayed at The Faena Hotel in Miami Beach during the 2018 iteration of Art Basel Miami Beach.

De Nieves had his first museum show, *Eternal Return & The Obsidian Heart*, at the Museum of Contemporary Art North Miami in 2020.

In 2021, de Nieves was awarded the Joan Mitchell Fellowship from the Joan Mitchell Foundation.

Raúl de Nieves uses religious poems and folk tales with fictional legends in his work, which are taken from Mexican literal roots and are therefore very useful in visual work.

### Influences

De Nieves' art practice investigates notions of transformation, beauty, the human body, sexuality, and history. De Nieves references the visual symbolism of both Catholic and Mexican art in creating own visual mythology. Nieves' references also include diverse theatrical traditions including circus, religious processionals, and Kabuki theater. De Nieves has been a vital figure of queer nightlife in New York for the past decade.

### Selected Exhibition History

### Public Collections

* Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY
* Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, CA

## Performance history

De Nieves has performed at Documenta 14, Performa 13, MoMA PS1, ICA Philadelphia, The Watermill Center, The Kitchen, Artist's Space, and numerous other venues.

## Brand collaborations

Raul de Nieves has collaborated with many brands including Tiffany's, Bvlgari, Swarovski, Missoni, and Hermès.

1. *Raúl de Nieves: The Treasure House of Memory*, retrieved 2021-12-05

## InfoBox

| Raúl de Nieves | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1983<br>Michoacán, Mexico |
| Known for | Sculpture, Performance Art |


title: Shearn Moody Jr.

abstract: Shearn Moody Jr. was an American financier, entrepreneur, and philanthropist from Galveston, Texas. He was heir to a financial empire as well as a convicted felon and originator of the Moody Gardens resort complex. Moody was the grandson of insurance and financial tycoon William Lewis Moody Jr.

text:
# Shearn Moody Jr.

**Shearn Moody Jr.** (May 23, 1933 – June 25, 1996) was an American financier, entrepreneur, and philanthropist from Galveston, Texas. He was heir to a financial empire as well as a convicted felon and originator of the Moody Gardens resort complex. Moody was the grandson of insurance and financial tycoon William Lewis Moody Jr.

## Personal life

Shearn Moody Jr., was born on May 23, 1933, to Shearn Moody Sr. and Frances Moody Newman in Galveston, Texas. His father died in 1936, while he was an infant. Moody was well known for eccentric behavior, such as building a slide from his bedroom window to a swimming pool, where he kept pet penguins, and wearing house slippers wherever he went. Moody, a homosexual, never married and spent the final years of his life involved in civil court cases. His longtime partner was a former Las Vegas dancer named Jimmy Stoker. Moody felt that the court system was corrupt and believed that his enemies used the legal system to try to steal his wealth and power; he claimed to have employed "several hundred" lawyers in various legal battles and even at one point hired nationally known lawyer Roy Cohn to help in his ongoing litigation problems. Moody died at home in 1996, after suffering from years of chronic high blood pressure and kidney disease.

His grandfather, William L. Moody Jr., made a fortune by founding the American National Insurance Company, and the younger Moody hoped to follow in his grandfather's footsteps by establishing the Alabama-based Empire Life Insurance Company. This dream was short lived, however, as in 1972 his own company ousted him after the federal government began investigating his business dealings. The investigation would eventually lead to his conviction of bankruptcy fraud. In 1987 Moody was convicted by a federal court of mail fraud and wire fraud in connection with attempts to defraud his family's Moody Foundation. Moody had long served on the board of the charitable foundation, helping to direct millions of dollars in grants to just causes. However the Internal Revenue Service accused him making millions of dollars of grants to himself, and therefore owing more than $14 million in taxes and penalties. After a trial that included accusations of witchcraft, Moody singing a risque song he had commissioned about the legal profession, and threats to "blow the legs off" former Watergate attorney Douglas Caddy, a federal appellate court overturned the convictions.

In 1987, Moody was featured on the cover of Texas Monthly magazine and proclaimed "the sleaziest man in Texas" and in November 1989, after an investigation spanning more than a decade, he was convicted of bankruptcy fraud in connection with the now defunct Empire Life Insurance Company. Although sentenced to five years in federal prison, Moody served little time and was released on parole in May 1991.

## Legacy

In his later years, Moody devoted much of his time to his work on the board of directors of Moody Gardens. He was quoted in the Houston Chronicle as saying, "I originally conceived the project of the gardens because we wanted to use the gardens to give this community another source of income"

1. "Anti-Olympics bid aims to tip scales". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2009-09-30.
2. Serwer, Andrew E. (1995-08-21). "Who's Crazy: The IRS or Mr. Moody?". Fortune Magazine. Retrieved 2009-09-30.
3. "Isle financier Shearn Moody dies at age 63/Reclusive millionaire dogged by controversy". Houston Chronicle.
4. "THE MOODY FAMILY/Power, wealth and eccentricity mark the history of this flamboyant family". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2009-09-30.
5. "Frances M. Newman, managed Moody trust". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2009-09-30.
6. "Frances Moody Newman dies at 96". Galveston County Daily News. Retrieved 2009-09-30.
7. "Aide of Moody linked to witch group at trial". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2009-09-30.
8. Serwer, Andrew E. (1995-08-21). "Who's Crazy: The IRS or Mr. Moody?". Fortune. Retrieved 2009-09-30. Moody:"...this was my present back to the legal profession. And it is a comical strip about a hooker that becomes a lawyer that becomes a judge. And...
9. "Explosives expert accuses Shearn Moody in bomb plot". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2009-10-01.
10. "In harm's way, again/What do Watergate, CIA and Moody probe have in common? Caddy". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2009-10-01.
11. "Moody trial halted over media stories". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2009-10-01.

## InfoBox

| Shearn Moody Jr. | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1933-05-23)May 23, 1933
Galveston, Texas, US |
| Died | June 25, 1996(1996-06-25) (aged 63)
Galveston, Texas, US |
| Resting place | Galveston Memorial Cemetery, Hitchcock, Texas, U.S. |
| Occupation | Financier |
| Relatives | William Lewis Moody Jr. (Grandfather)
Mary Moody Northen (Aunt) |


title: John Joiner

abstract: John Francis Joiner was an Australian rules footballer who played with North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

text:
# John Joiner

**John Francis Joiner** (19 June 1934 – 6 October 2021) was an Australian rules footballer who played with North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## InfoBox

| John Joiner | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | John Francis Joiner | | |
| Date of birth | (1934-06-19)19 June 1934 | | |
| Date of death | 6 October 2021(2021-10-06) (aged 87) | | |
| Original team(s) | Lincoln Stars | | |
| Height | 173 cm (5 ft 8 in) | | |
| Weight | 67 kg (148 lb) | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1955–56 | North Melbourne | 11 (0) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1956. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Darrell Pace

abstract: Darrell Owen Pace is a former archer from the United States, who won two individual Olympic and World Championships titles each during his career. In 2011, as part of the World Archery Federation's 80th anniversary celebration, he was declared as by the WAF as "Archer of the Century"

text:
# Darrell Pace

**Darrell Owen Pace** (born October 23, 1956) is a former archer from the United States, who won two individual Olympic and World Championships titles each during his career. In 2011, as part of the World Archery Federation's 80th anniversary celebration, he was declared as by the WAF as "Archer of the Century"

## Career

Three years after taking up the sport, Pace, at the age of 16, became the youngest member of the U. S. team at the archery world championships, where he finished twenty-third.

Pace went on to win four consecutive national archery championships, from 1973 through 1976. He also won the title in 1978 and 1980. He won the world title in 1975 and 1979 and finished second to long-time rival Richard McKinney in 1983.

After winning an Olympic gold medal in 1976, Pace was selected for the 1980 Olympic team but did not compete due to the U.S. Olympic Committee's boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Soviet Union. He was one of 461 athletes to receive a Congressional Gold Medal instead. In 1984, he took a 13-point lead after the first day of the four-day competition and won an easy victory.

Pace also competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics, finishing ninth in the individual competition and winning a silver medal in the team event along with McKinney and Jay Barrs.

Darrell O. Pace Park, located in Hamilton, Ohio, is a 7-acre (2.8 ha) park named in his honor.

In 1974, at the US Nationals in Oxford, Ohio, Pace set his first FITA record of 1291 beating John Williams' record of 1268 shot at the 1972 Olympics. He broke that in 1975 at the Nationals with the first 1300 in history; he got 1316. In 1978, Ferrari from Italy broke that with a 1318. Darrell then shattered that the next year in 1979 with a 1341 in Japan; that record stood for 10 years. All in all Pace held the Total FITA world record for 14 years, raising the record a total of 71 points in 5 years.

## InfoBox

Darrell Pace
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1956-10-23) October 23, 1956<br>Cincinnati, Ohio, United States |
| Height | 5 ft 10+12 in (179 cm) |
| Weight | 141 lb (64 kg) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Archery |
| Medal record      Men's archery  Representing the  United States  Olympic Games  1976 Montreal  Individual  1984 Los Angeles  Individual  1988 Seoul  Team  Pan American Games  1979 San Juan  Team  1983 Caracas  Individual  1983 Caracas  Team  1987 Indianapolis  Team  1991 Havana  Individual  1991 Havana  Individual (70 m)  1979 San Juan  Individual  1987 Indianapolis  Individual | |


title: Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale

abstract: Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale is a peer-reviewed academic journal of East Asian linguistics that was established in 1978 and is published by Brill. The articles published before 2007 are in free access on the Persée website. It is indexed in Scopus.

text:
# Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale

***Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale*** is a peer-reviewed academic journal of East Asian linguistics that was established in 1978 and is published by Brill. The articles published before 2007 are in free access on the Persée website.

It is indexed in Scopus.

## Topics

The journal publishes articles in English, French, and Mandarin Chinese, and covers a wide range of topics including generative syntax, linguistic typology, phonetics, phonology, and historical linguistics on all languages of the Sino-Tibetan, Austroasiatic, Austronesian, Hmong-Mien, Kra-Dai, Tungusic, Mongolic, and Turkic families, as well as on Japanese, Korean, and Ainu.

## InfoBox

*Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale*
| Discipline | East Asian linguistics |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English, French and Chinese |
| Edited by | Guillaume Jacques and Thomas Pellard |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1978-present |
| Publisher | Brill Publishers |
| Frequency | Biannual |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Cah. Linguist. Asie Orient.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 0153-3320
 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: VIP Brother season 9

abstract: VIP Brother 9, also known as Любовта е във VIP Brother was ninth season of the Bulgarian reality television series VIP Brother, hosted by Niki Kanchev. The show launched on 11 September 2017 on Nova TV. Niki Kanchev, Aleksandra Sarchadjieva and Miglena Angelova are the main presenters. It concluded 61 days later on 10 November 2017. Yonislav Yotov "Toto" won with Margarita Hranova as the runner-up.

text:
# VIP Brother season 9

***VIP Brother 9***, also known as ***Любовта е във VIP Brother*** (lit. *Love is in the VIP Brother*) was ninth season of the Bulgarian reality television series ***VIP Brother***, hosted by Niki Kanchev. The show launched on 11 September 2017 on Nova TV. Niki Kanchev, Aleksandra Sarchadjieva and Miglena Angelova are the main presenters. It concluded 61 days later on 10 November 2017. Yonislav Yotov "Toto" won with Margarita Hranova as the runner-up.

## Housemates

16 housemates entered the house on Day 1. They were joined by 2 other housemates on Day 2, who were allowed by Big Brother to participate as a single contestant on Day 11.

### Aleksandra B.

**Aleksandra Bogdanska** is a model, TV host and the former girlfriend of Daniel P. (the two later married in the house). Seven years later, she is the host of Big Brother 6. She entered the house on Day 1 and finished fourth in the finale on Day 61.

### Aleksandra D.

**Aleksandra Dimitrova "Aleks"** is a pop singer, known for being a contestant on the second season of *X Factor*. She and Vladislava are twin sisters. Aleksandra D. entered the house on Day 2. The twin sisters entered the house as single contestants. On Day 8, Vladislava faced a fake eviction. She was offered by Big Brother to return to the house to perform secret missions for him with Aleks. During their secret task, it was Aleks's identity, under which they had to live - Vladi was with the other housemates, pretending to be Aleks, while Aleks was in the secret room of the house. The twins were swapping their places in the house and their task was to trick the others that they were one and the same person. If the girls failed with their assigned task, they would be immediately evicted from the show. Aleksandra D. and Vladislava failed with their secret mission. Despite that, Big Brother let them stay in the house and they were given the opportunity to compete as a single contestant. The twins are the first housemates of the season to be evicted, on Day 15.

### Alfredo

**Alfredo Tores** is a dancer and choreographеr. He entered the house on Day 1 and was the sixth evicted on Day 50.

### Angie

**Angie Kassabie** is a nutritionist. She was born in Lebanon. She entered the house on Day 1 and was the tenth evicted on Day 59.

### Anton

**Anton Stefanov** is a journalist. He entered the house on Day 1 and was the third evicted on Day 29.

### Boris

**Boris Petrov** is a famous cook. He entered the house on Day 1 and was the eighth evicted on Day 57.

### Danail

**Danail Milev "Dani"** is a pop singer, musician, composer and lyricist. He entered the house on Day 1 and was the second evicted on Day 22.

### Daniel P.

**Daniel Petkanov** is a reporter of the Nova TV show "Chasat na Milen Tsvetkov" ("Milen Tsvetkov's Hour") and the former boyfriend of Aleksandra B. (the two later married in the house). He entered the house on Day 1 and was the eleventh evicted on Day 59.

### Daniel Z.

**Daniel Zlatkov** is a footballer who plays as a defender for Shakhtyor Soligorsk in the Belarusian Premier League. He is also known as the Bulgarian version of Ronaldo, because he looks like the famous footballer. He entered the house on Day 1 and was the seventh evicted on Day 57.

### Djuliana

Djuliana Gani is a model and the winner of the title "Miss Silicone 2013". She entered the house on Day 1 and finished fifth in the finale on Day 61.

### Margarita

**Margarita Hranova** is a famous pop singer. She entered the house on Day 1 and finished second in the finale on Day 61.

### Maria

**Maria Kirova** is a pop-folk singer. She entered the house on Day 1 and decided to walk out of the house on Day 22.

### Miglena

**Miglena Kakanasheva "Megz"** is a fashion designer. She is also known for being a contestant on the reality show *The Mole 1*. She entered the house on Day 1 and finished third in the finale on Day 61.

### Sashka

**Sashka Vaseva** is a pop-folk singer. She entered the house on Day 1 and was the ninth evicted on Day 59.

### Tsvetelin

**Tsvetelin Marinov "Tsuni"** is a businessman. He entered the house on Day 1 and was the fourth evicted on Day 36.

### Vanya

**Vanya Shtereva** is an actress, singer and writer. She entered the house on Day 1 and was the fifth evicted on Day 43.

### Vladislava

**Vladislava Dimitrova "Vladi"** is a pop singer, known for being a contestant on the second season of *X Factor*. She and Aleksandra D. are twin sisters. Vladislava entered the house on Day 2. The twin sisters entered the house as single contestants. On Day 8, Vladi faced a fake eviction. She was offered by Big Brother to return to the house to perform secret missions for him with Aleks. During their secret task, it was Aleks's identity, under which they had to live - Vladi was with the other housemates, pretending to be Aleks, while Aleks was in the secret room of the house. The twins were swapping their places in the house and their task was to trick the others that they were one and the same person. If the girls failed with their assigned task, they would be immediately evicted from the show. Aleksandra D. and Vladislava failed with their secret mission. Despite that, Big Brother let them stay in the house and they were given the opportunity to compete as a single contestant. The twins became the first housemate to be evicted on Day 15.

### Yonislav

**Yonislav Yotov "Toto"** is a rap and R&B singer and Youtuber. He is also known as the member of the R&B and rap duet Skandau. He entered the house on Day 1 and became the winner on Day 61.

## Nominations table

|  | Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Week 5 | Week 6 | Week 7 | Week 8 | Week 9 | Final | | Nominations
received |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Yonislav | *The Orden
of the Heart* | Anton,
Boris | Angie,
Boris | Sashka,
Anton | Miglena | Sashka,
~~Boris~~ | Boris,
~~Alfredo~~ | Daniel P.,
Boris | *No
Nominations* | **Winner**
(Day 61) | | 13 |
| Margarita | *Not
eligible* | Maria,
Miglena | Daniel Z.,
Miglena | ~~Daniel Z.,~~
~~Miglena~~ | Miglena | Miglena,
~~Daniel Z.~~ | Dzhuliana,
Alfredo | Daniel P.,
Daniel Z. | *No
Nominations* | **Runner-up**
(Day 61) | | 5 |
| Miglena | *Not
eligible* | Dzhuliana,
Aleksandra D. | Tsvetelin,
Maria | Dzhuliana,
Sashka | Yonislav | Angie,
Yonislav | *Exempt* | Herself,
Daniel P. | *No
Nominations* | **Third place**
(Day 61) | | 24 |
| Aleksandra B. | *The Orden
of the Heart* | Sashka,
Boris | Tsvetelin,
Sashka | Tsvetelin,
Sashka | Sashka | Angie,
~~Boris~~ | Boris,
Alfredo | Dzhuliana,
Boris | *No
Nominations* | **Fourth place**
(Day 61) | | 2 |
| Dzhuliana | *Not
eligible* | Miglena,
Boris | Danail,
Sashka | Vanya,
~~Miglena~~ | Miglena | ~~Daniel Z.~~,
Alfredo | Margarita,
Boris | Daniel P.,
Yonislav | *No
Nominations* | **Fifth place**
(Day 61) | | 6 |
| Daniel P. | *Not
eligible* | Anton,
Danail | Daniel Z.,
Sashka | ~~Daniel Z.~~,
Yonislav | Tsvetelin | Yonislav,
~~Daniel Z.~~ | Alfredo,
Yonislav | Aleksandra B.,
Yonislav | *No
Nominations* | *Evicted*
(Day 59) | | 3 |
| Angie | *The Orden
of the Heart* | Miglena,
Aleksandra B. | Boris,
Miglena | Vanya,
~~Miglena~~ | Miglena | Miglena,
Alfredo | Boris,
Alfredo | Margarita,
Boris | *No
Nominations* | *Evicted*
(Day 59) | | 5 |
| Sashka | *Nominated* | Miglena,
Yonislav | Daniel Z.,
Yonislav | ~~Miglena~~,
Vanya | Tsvetelin | Margarita,
Vanya | Boris,
Dzhuliana | Aleksandra B.,
Yonislav | *No
Nominations* | *Evicted*
(Day 59) | | 17 |
| Boris | *Not
eligible* | Anton,
Dzhuliana | Vanya,
Angie | *Exempt* | Tsvetelin | Yonislav,
~~Daniel Z.~~ | Daniel Z.,
Yonislav | Daniel P.,
Daniel Z. | *Evicted*
(Day 57) | | | 25 |
| Daniel Z. | *The Orden
of the Heart* | Sashka,
Miglena | Sashka,
Boris | Dzhuliana,
Margarita | Boris | ~~Boris~~,
Vanya | Boris,
Margarita | Margarita,
Boris | *Evicted*
(Day 57) | | | 12 |
| Alfredo | *Not
eligible* | Anton,
Aleksandra D. | Vanya,
Anton | Tsvetelin,
Vanya | ~~Daniel P.~~ | Angie,
Daniel P. | Aleksandra B.,
Daniel P. | *Evicted*
(Day 50) | | | | 10 |
| Vanya | *Not
eligible* | Alfredo,
Miglena | Boris,
Danail | Sashka,
Anton | Boris | ~~Boris~~,
Alfredo | *Evicted*
(Day 43) | | | | | 10 |
| Tsvetelin | *Not
eligible* | Miglena,
Anton | Miglena,
Sashka | ~~Miglena~~,
Sashka | Miglena | *Evicted*
(Day 36) | | | | | | 7 |
| Anton | *Not
eligible* | Boris,
Aleksandra D. | Alfredo,
Danail | Yonislav,
Alfredo | *Evicted*
(Day 29) | | | | | | | 9 |
| Danail | *Not
eligible* | Anton,
Vanya | Vanya,
Maria | *Evicted*
(Day 22) | | | | | | | | 4 |
| Maria | *Nominated* | Miglena,
Boris | Margarita,
Sashka | *Walked*
(Day 22) | | | | | | | | 4 |
| Aleksandra D. | *Nominated* | Sashka,
Miglena | *Evicted*
(Day 15) | | | | | | | | | 5 |
| Vladislava | *Nominated* | | *Nominated* | 2 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Nomination
notes | , | , | *none* | , | , |  | , *10* | *11* | *12* | | |  |
| Against
public vote | Aleksandra D.,
Maria,
Sashka,
Vladislava | Aleksandra D. & Vladislava,
Anton,
Boris,
Miglena | Boris,
Danail,
Daniel Z.,
Miglena,
Sashka,
Vanya | Anton,
Dzhuliana,
Sashka,
Tsvetelin,
Vanya,
Yonislav | Boris,
Miglena,
Tsvetelin | Alfredo,
Angie,
Miglena,
Vanya,
Yonislav | Alfredo,
Boris,
Dzhuliana,
Margarita,
Yonislav | Boris,
Daniel Z.,
Yonislav | All
Housemates | | | |
| Walked | *none* | | **Maria** | *none* | | | | | | | | |
| Evicted | **Vladislava**
Fewest votes
to save | **Aleksandra D. & Vladislava**
Fewest votes
to save | **Danail**
Fewest votes
to save | **Anton**
1.8%
to save | **Tsvetelin**
Fewest votes
to save | **Vanya**
Fewest votes
to save | **Alfredo**
Fewest votes
to save | **Daniel Z.**
Fewest votes
to save | **Sashka**
Fewest votes
(out of 8) | **Dzhuliana**
Fewest votes
(out of 5) | | **Aleksandra B.**
Fewest votes
(out of 4) |
| | | | | | | | **Boris**
Fewest votes
to save | **Angie**
Fewest votes
(out of 7) | **Miglena**
Fewest votes
(out of 3) | **Margarita**
42.3%
(out of 2) | |
| | | | | | | | **Daniel P.**
Fewest votes
(out of 6) | **Yonislav**
57.7%
to win | ||

### Notes

* **^Note 1** : On Day 2, the twin sisters Aleksandra D. and Vladislava entered the house. Aleksandra B. and Yonislav were given a mission by Big Brother to recognize them as the newly welcomed housemates. They completed their task successfully, which meant that the twin sisters were automatically nominated for eviction. Aleksandra B. and Yonislav were part of "The Order of the Heart" along with Angie and Daniel Z. who won the first-week mission. Maria and Sashka were nominated after the decision of "The Order of the Heart".
* **^Note 2** : On Day 8, there was a fake eviction of which the housemates were unaware about. Vladislava received the fewest votes to save and therefore she was invited by Big Brother to return to the house to perform secret missions for him with her twin sister. During their secret task, it was Aleks's identity, under which they had to live - Vladi was with the other housemates, pretending to be Aleks, while Aleks was in the secret room of the house. The twins were swapping their places in the house and their task was to trick the others that they were the same person. Eventually, Vladislava was exempt from the nominations during the second week, while Aleks was eligible to nominate. If the girls failed with their assigned task, they would be immediately evicted from the show.
* **^Note 3** : On Day 11, it was revealed that Aleksandra D. and Vladislava had failed with their secret mission. Despite that, Big Brother let them stay in the house and they were given the opportunity to compete as a single contestant. However, due to the failure in their secret mission, they were directly up for eviction along with Anton, Boris and Miglena.
* **^Note 4** : Boris was immune and he couldn't nominate during the fourth nominations. The other housemates couldn't nominate him as well.
* **^Note 5** : This time, the housemates were eligible to nominate only one housemate instead of two. Originally, 8 out of 14 housemates were nominated and those housemates were Anton, Daniel Z., Dzhuliana, Miglena, Sashka, Tsvetelin and Vanya. Miglena, who had the role of an executive director during the new weekly mission "BBTV", was eligible to save two of the nominated housemates from the possible eviction. She chose to save Daniel Z. and herself.
* **^Note 6** : The fifth nominations were face-to-face. The housemates were obliged to nominate only one housemate and everyone who received at least one nomination faced eviction.
* **^Note 7** : Alfredo's nomination to Daniel P. was voided because he didn't give a reason to nominate him.
* **^Note 8** : Originally, 7 out of 12 housemates were nominated and those housemates were Alfredo, Boris, Daniel Z., Angie, Miglena, Vanya and Yonislav. As Aleksandra B. and Daniel P. were planning a marriage in the house, they were the lucky housemates who had the opportunity to save two of the nominees. A "wheel of luck" was introduced which featured the 7 nominated housemates. The wheel was spun by Aleksandra and Daniel and it revealed Boris and Daniel Z. as the two saved housemates from the sixth eviction.
* **^Note 9** : Miglena was immune and she couldn't nominate during the seventh nominations. The other housemates couldn't nominate her as well.
* **^Note 10** : Yonislav's nomination to Alfredo was voided because he didn't give a reason to nominate him.
* **^Note 11** : During the eighth and final nominations, the housemates had to choose the housemate they wanted to win (the name in green) and the housemate who they didn't want to win (the name in black). They were able to vote for themselves.
* **^Note 12** : The public were voting to win rather than to save.

## InfoBox

| *VIP Brother* | |
| --- | --- |
| Season 9 | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Presented by | Niki Kanchev
Aleksandra Sarchadjieva
Miglena Angelova |
| No. of days | 61 |
| No. of housemates | 18 |
| Winner | Yonislav Yotov - Toto |
| Runner-up | Margarita |
|  | |
| Release | |
| Original network | Nova television |
| Original release | 11 September (2017-09-11)
10 November 2017 (2017-11-10) |
| Season chronology | |


title: Carver (automotive company)

abstract: Carver Europe B.V. was a Dutch company that developed and manufactured three-wheeled electric enclosed man-wide vehicles. The company's core technology was the Dynamic Vehicle Control (DVC) system, which enables narrow vehicles to make banked turns, aiding stability when turning at high speeds. Its headquarters, assembly factory, experience center, and sales and marketing activities, were in Leeuwarden. The engineering team was located in 's-Gravendeel and operated under the name Carver Technology B.V. The company was founded in 1994 by Chris van den Brink and Harry Kroonen as Brink Technologies Group B.V., although its history can be traced further back to 1990. Since then, the company has seen several changes to its name and structure. The current CEO is Anton Rosier and Chris van den Brink operates as CTO. By 2019, Carver produced two distinct vehicle models: the Carver One - a high-speed model with a petrol engine - and a fully electric scooter model called the Carver. The latter was launched in late 2019. In july 2024 Carver went bankrupt and as a result its website was taken offline.

text:
# Carver (automotive company)

**Carver Europe B.V.** was a Dutch company that developed and manufactured three-wheeled electric enclosed man-wide vehicles. The company's core technology was the Dynamic Vehicle Control (DVC) system, which enables narrow vehicles to make banked turns, aiding stability when turning at high speeds.

Its headquarters, assembly factory, experience center, and sales and marketing activities, were in Leeuwarden. The engineering team was located in 's-Gravendeel and operated under the name Carver Technology B.V.

The company was founded in 1994 by Chris van den Brink and Harry Kroonen as Brink Technologies Group B.V., although its history can be traced further back to 1990. Since then, the company has seen several changes to its name and structure. The current CEO is Anton Rosier and Chris van den Brink operates as CTO (Chief Technology Officer).

By 2019, Carver produced two distinct vehicle models: the Carver One - a high-speed model with a petrol engine - and a fully electric scooter model called the Carver. The latter was launched in late 2019.

In july 2024 Carver went bankrupt and as a result its website was taken offline.

## History

In 1990 Ton van den Brink, founder and director of Eurotool Operation B.V., questioned the necessity of using a conventional family car for everyday transportation after experiencing traffic congestion in Paris. He founded Eco-Car B.V. to investigate the feasibility of developing a 'slender comfort vehicle', also known as a tilting three-wheeler or man-wide vehicle, having half the width and weight of a conventional car. Research conducted by the firm showed that 90% of cars were occupied by one or two persons, indicating considerable market potential for such vehicles. In the following years, a team of engineers led by Ton's son Chris van den Brink, and by Harry Kroonen, worked on a concept car. Their biggest engineering challenge was preventing a man-wide vehicle from tipping over when cornering. In 1993 they presented their first concept car at 'The Compact Car, History with a Future' exhibition, a narrow three-wheeled car with side wheels for stability. This car was not viable so in 1994 they develop the Dynamic Vehicle Control (DVC) system, which was internationally patented in 1995.

In September 1994, Brink Technologies Group B.V. was founded and the first prototype of the Carver One was built that same year. Engineering activities related to the DVC technology took place under the name Brink Dynamics. Three years later in May 1997, the vehicle was approved for road use by the RDW (Netherlands Vehicle Authority). In June, Carver's DVC technology was awarded 'Invention of the Year' by the Dutch Innovation Group. In 1999, Carver participates at the IAA Frankfurt Motor Show.

In 2003, Carver launched 24 limited-edition vehicles, the Vandenbrink Carver. The vehicle received considerable positive media attention e.g. from BBC's Top Gear. The Vandenbrink model was further optimized into the Carver One.

The first Carver Ones were delivered in 2007. Two years later, in early 2009, Toyota halted all sales of Daihatsu engines to third parties, including the 660cc engine that powered the Carver One. Consequently, the production of the Carver One had to be halted. In June 2009 Carver Europe declared bankruptcy due to lack of demand at its 30,000 euro price, and ceased commercial production and sales. The company Carver Technology and the patents were excluded from the bankruptcy and remain in the hands of the original owners. Approximately 200 Carver Ones were produced.

In 2010, Carver continued its activities as Carver Technology, with a focus on licensing its patents. In the following years, the DVC technology is being further optimized and offered as a license to other companies such as the PAL-V flying car company, Venture Vehicles/Persu, and Lynx.

In March 2015, a licensing agreement was made with Chinese scooter manufacturer Sunra to use Carver's DVC technology in an electric, enclosed two-person vehicle, but work on the project did not begin. In the fall, Carver began developing its own electric vehicle. The company slowly discontinued its licensing agreements with other companies.

The first prototype of the electric Carver was built, tested and optimized in 2017. That same year, Carver started to develop for high volume production and took industry investors on board as minority stakeholders, among which were Velosophy the Dutch Accell group, owners of brands like Batavus and Sparta.

In April 2018, Carver opened its doors for pre-orders. Initial plans were to launch the vehicle by fall that year, but this was postponed to early 2019. In December, Carver announced that it would open its own assembly factory in Leeuwarden, Netherlands. Consequently, its headquarters also moved to Leeuwarden. The engineering team remained in 's Gravendeel.

## Dynamic Vehicle Control system

The unique property of the Carver vehicles is its automatic balancing "Dynamic Vehicle Control" system. The DVC technology was invented to allow for full stability when turning at high speeds in an enclosed narrow vehicle.

When turning, any object is subject to a certain amount of centrifugal force, directed away from the center around which the object is moving. As speed increases, the amount of force applied to the object also increases. As a result, standard narrow vehicles with a narrow wheel base, can only take turns up to relatively low speeds before tipping over, compared to a conventional car. For this reason, conventional cars have a relatively wide wheelbase. A wide wheelbase however, also leads to a high frontal area leading to high drag.

The stability issue of narrow vehicles is solved when it is able to take a banked turn. By banking, the centrifugal force is compensated by the inward lean. This behavior can be observed in motorcyclists when taking turns. Also in nature, high-speed animals bank into the curve they are taking.

On a motorcycle, the rider has to work in three modes of operation, i.e. a high-speed, low-speed and stand-still mode. At high speed, the rider keeps balance merely by controlling the steering wheel and making use of the stabilizing gyroscopic effect of the wheels. At low speed and stand still, balance is controlled by using his body and his feet. In an enclosed vehicle, however, the driver does not have the possibility to balance or put a foot on the ground and therefore a mechanism is required that allows the vehicle to stand up at low speeds while also allowing the vehicle's bodywork to tilt when taking turns at higher speeds.

With the DVC system, the car's bodywork moves independently from the rear wheels and engine. The DVC system automatically adjusts the tilt angle of the vehicle to the speed and acceleration of the vehicle in such a way that it always is in balance. It was designed as a proactive instead of a reactive system, meaning a Carver tilts before cornering, much like when an airplane tilts to one side in order to turn in that direction.

In 2007 it was announced that a California company called Venture Vehicles would be producing the VentureOne, a vehicle using Carver's DVC system. The VentureOne was to be produced in three models: the e50 hybrid, the Q100 high-performance hybrid, and the EV all electric. In December 2008 Venture Vehicles was renamed Persu Mobility. Persu Mobility continued to hold an exclusive license in North America to produce vehicles using the DVC system and began pre-registration for a vehicle with an internal combustion engine called the Persu V3, to be available in 2014. Persu has also planned future production of a plug-in hybrid. The DVC system also is licensed to PAL-V who are developing a full-fledged flying and driving vehicle. The DVC system has been demonstrated on a self-balancing ATV.

## The Carver

The Carver is a fully electric vehicle, featuring aspects of both a scooter and a car. In terms of legislation, the Carver is categorized as a scooter, which means that a scooter driving license is sufficient to drive it. Yet a Carver is operated much like a car i.e. in an enclosed compartment with a steering wheel and foot pedals.

Like the Carver One, the electric Carver has three wheels; one in the front and two in the back, and is equipped with the Dynamic Vehicle Control system to ensure stability when turning. The Carver is 2.89 m in length, 0.98 m in width, 1.49 m in height and weighs 260 kg. Inside there is space for two occupants (a driver and passenger) plus an additional 75 liters of luggage in the back.

The Carver's top speed is 45 km/h, which it can reach within 8 seconds. It range maxes out at 100 km. Being a fully electric vehicle, the Carver carries a 5.4 kWh lithium iron phosphate battery. An hour charging will take you approx 20 km and it takes approximately 4.2 and 5.2 hours to recharge the battery to 80% and 100% respectively.

Component production and pre-assembly takes place in China, Taiwan and South Korea. All high-tech components are designed, developed and produced in Europe. The final stages of assembly and vehicle calibration take place in Carver's assembly factory in Leeuwarden, Netherlands.

## Carver One

### Design and specification

The Carver vehicle combines aspects of a motorcycle and a car, both in appearance and design. Like many microcars, the Carver has three wheels and the controls of a normal car. The three-wheel Carver One is said to have the comfort, controls and stability of a normal car while showing the dynamic cornering behaviour of a motorcycle. The Carver was design with man-wide vehicles (MWVs in mind.) The Carver can be driven by anyone with a normal car driver's license in the European Union, though other countries outside of the EU may not allow this. In most countries it is licensed as a motorcycle.

The dimensions are 3,400 mm (130 in) long by 1,300 mm (51 in) wide by 1,400 mm (55 in) high, giving it a low slim profile, similar to a motorcycle. It weighs 643 kg (1,418 lb), about half the weight of a medium size car or three to four times the weight of most motorcycles. The Carver One can tilt up to 45° while turning. This is not based on how far the steering wheel is rotated, but on how much cornering force is applied to it.

The Carver has a four-stroke 660 cc (40 cu in) 16-valve inline-four engine with an intercooled turbocharger, giving a power output of 65 bhp (48 kW) at 6,000 rpm and a maximum torque of 100 N⋅m (74 lbf⋅ft) at 3,200 rpm. The transmission is a 5-speed manual with reverse, and all wheels are equipped with ventilated disk brakes. The front wheel is slightly larger than the rear wheels (at 17" to 15").

The Carver One, as standard, has a top speed of 185 km/h (115 mph). It accelerates from 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) in 8.2 seconds or 0 to 60 mph in 8 seconds.

The Carver One was produced in collaboration with Prodrive in the UK. The Carver One was assembled in Germany by ACÜ, part of the Mosolf Group, and officially launched at the Geneva Motor Show on 7 March 2007.

### Reception

The Carver One has been reviewed by various celebrities in various shows.

In 2002, journalists Karl Tsigdinos and Conor Feehan got the chance to pilot the original Carver One on the ITV motoring program *Drive!*.

On BBC's *Top Gear* programme in 2002, Jeremy Clarkson said, "I have to say, absolute hand on heart, I've never had so much fun in a car, really and truthfully, and I don't think I'd ever tire of it." Shortly thereafter the Carver One also featured in a special video of Jeremy Clarkson called "Shoot-out." He announced the vehicle to be "the most fun you can have."

Jenson Button tested the Carver One in 2004, and said "this car or bike or whatever you want to call it, is possibly the weirdest thing I have driven". The Carvers have also appeared in Sky Three "The Race" equipped with paint ball guns and driven by celebrities, and also Channel Fives "Gadget Show". Most recently the Carver One appeared in the intro, but not the main program, of Amazon Prime's Grand Tour Season One Episode 5 Moroccan Roll.

## Flying car

The PAL-V (Personal Air and Land Vehicle) is an autogyro developed from the Carver. It made its first flight in April 2012.

## Version and variants

### Carver models

* Bug Carver (from 1999) – A carver with wing mirror at the top of the doors
* van den Brink Carver – Approx. 24 hand-made Carver One's
* Carver One – Approx 200 produced and sold around the world
* Carver - electric scooter model

### Variants

* Venture Vehicles/Persu Mobility – US
* PAL-V
* Phiaro p67b eternity – Japanese Styled
* Lynx Lean Electric – Denmark
* Helix Motors
* Chinese Sunra
* Kerv Automotive – Belgian

* CLEVER – a similar BMW concept car

## InfoBox

Carver Europe B.V.
|
|  |
| Formerly | Brink Technologies Group B.V., Brink Dynamics, Carver Engineering |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Electric vehicles |
| Founded | 1994 (1994) |
| Founders | * Chris van den Brink |
| Headquarters | Leeuwarden, Netherlands |
| Key people | * Anton Rosier (CEO) * Chris van den Brink (CTO) * Harry Kroonen (Engineer) |
| Products |  |
| Website | carver.earth |


title: Charlene McMann

abstract: Charlene McMann is a philanthropist and convicted fraudster who was the co-founder and chief executive officer of the now-defunct Chicago Blood Cancer Foundation, a non-profit raising money for lymphoma, leukemia, and myeloma. McMann is co-author with her husband Scott Seaman of the self-published book Battling and Beating Cancer – The Cancer Survival Book (2009) and was also co-host with her husband of the Battling and Beating Cancer online-only radio show on BlogTalkRadio and CAN TV public access and online television show. Previously, McMann co-founded and was president of the Chicago Chapter of the Lymphoma Research Foundation, which was that organization's first local chapter. She received the local Chicago Jefferson Award for Public Service for her cancer advocacy in 2008, organizing, fundraising, and leadership. She subsequently became a Member of the National Board of Selectors of the Jefferson Awards for Public Service and launched a national program to promote health, physical activity, and well-being in students. She has been serving as an executive board member of the Hippocratic Cancer Research Foundation since 2017.

text:
# Charlene McMann

**Charlene McMann** (b. circa 1951 in Chicago, Illinois) (also known as **Charlene McMann-Seaman**) is a philanthropist and convicted fraudster who was the co-founder and chief executive officer of the now-defunct Chicago Blood Cancer Foundation (founded 2010), a non-profit raising money for lymphoma, leukemia, and myeloma.

McMann is co-author with her husband Scott Seaman of the self-published book *Battling and Beating Cancer – The Cancer Survival Book* (2009) and was also co-host with her husband of the *Battling and Beating Cancer* online-only radio show on BlogTalkRadio and CAN TV public access and online television show.

Previously, McMann co-founded and was president of the Chicago Chapter of the Lymphoma Research Foundation, which was that organization's first local chapter. She received the local Chicago Jefferson Award for Public Service for her cancer advocacy in 2008, organizing, fundraising, and leadership. She subsequently became a Member of the National Board of Selectors of the Jefferson Awards for Public Service and launched a national program to promote health, physical activity, and well-being in students.

She has been serving as an executive board member of the Hippocratic Cancer Research Foundation since 2017.

## Felony plea deal

McMann was accused of transferring funds on multiple occasions from the Chicago Blood Cancer Foundation to her own account between 2010 and 2013 while she was executive director. McMann pleaded guilty to a charge of personal use of charitable assets, a felony, on December 1, 2015. She was sentenced on January 27, 2016, to two years' probation and ordered to pay $44,085 to the Chicago-based Cancer Research Foundation, a similar charity.


title: Real Property Administrator

abstract:
The Real Property Administrator (RPA) designation is a professional designation for commercial property managers awarded to people with several years of experience and completing the Building Owners and Managers Association advanced study program. The designation is administered by Building Owners and Managers Institute (BOMI) International, an independent nonprofit institute for property and facility management education. The program covers all aspects of operating a commercial property and maximizing a net income while minimizing risk. Required coursework includes:
  - Law and Risk management
  - Budgeting and accounting
  - Environmental health and safety
  - Business ethics
  - Real estate investment and finance
  - Design operation and maintenance of building systems

text:
# Real Property Administrator

The **Real Property Administrator** (RPA) designation is a professional designation for commercial property managers awarded to people with several years of experience and completing the Building Owners and Managers Association advanced study program. The designation is administered by Building Owners and Managers Institute (BOMI) International, an independent nonprofit institute for property and facility management education. The program covers all aspects of operating a commercial property and maximizing a net income while minimizing risk.

Required coursework includes:


title: Shilaidaha Rabindra Kuthibari

abstract: Shilaidaha Rabindra Kuthibari, in short Shilaidah Kuthibari, is one of the major tourist places in Bangladesh. It is located seven kilometers north of Kushtia on the banks of Padma in Kumarkhali Upazila of Kushtia District.

text:
# Shilaidaha Rabindra Kuthibari

**Shilaidaha Rabindra Kuthibari**, in short **Shilaidah Kuthibari**, is one of the major tourist places in Bangladesh. It is located seven kilometers north of Kushtia on the banks of Padma in Kumarkhali Upazila of Kushtia District.

## History

This Kuthi bari was built by an indigo-planter named Shelly which was later owned by Ramlochan Tagore. In 1807, Dwarkanath Tagore got the ownership of this kuthibari with the inheritance of estate. In 1892, due to the erosion of the river caused by the flood, the Kuthibari was likely to disappear, so it was demolished and a new building was constructed elsewhere in the next year. Dwarkanath Tagore's grandson Rabindranath Tagore came to Shilaidaha several times to look after the estate. He had the opportunity to stay in this cottage. He wrote many literatures during his stay at Shilaidah Kuthibari. During his stay here in 1912, he began the work of translating the *Gitanjali* into English. During his stay in this building in 1905, he wrote a song which is now the national anthem of Bangladesh.

Before its acquisition to the Government of East Bengal in 1947, the ownership of this Kuthibari was transferred from the Tagore family to another landlord. In 1958 it came under the Department of Archeology of Pakistan. In 1969, the provincial government planned to preserve it as an archaeological site. Since the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, it has been under the Department of Archeology of Bangladesh. In 2013, then President of India, Pranab Mukherjee visited Shilaidah Kuthibari. He then told the government that he wanted to provide financial assistance to build a complex at the Kuthibari site. After four years, the decision was finalized between the two countries and the construction of the complex was completed by 2020. In 2018, a dam was constructed to protect Shilaidah Rabindra Kuthibari, but a part of it collapsed in the same year. Later in 2022, another part of the dam collapsed.

## Architecture

Shilidaha Kuthibari was built on 11 acre land of the village. This walled building is three storey museum that has 18 rooms with a central hall. There are a total of 17 doors for entering and exiting the 18 rooms. The building has a total of 30 windows to let in sunlight. The building has an area of 273.87 square meters. Built in Indo-Saracenic style, this building is 8.71 meters high.

## Tourist attractions

### Layout

There are two buildings near the gate of Kuthibari. The two buildings are named Gitanjali and Sonar Tori. There is a library, two ponds, a mango orchard, a garden and an auditorium.

### Museum

In 1986, it became a museum. The Department of Archaeology has preserved at least 80 photographs of Rabindranath Tagore as well as items used by Rabindranath Tagore at Shilaidah Kuthibari.

## Tourism

It is a tourist attraction for Bangladeshi as well as foreign tourists. A three-day event is organized every year on the occasion of Rabindranath Tagore's birth anniversary. In the fiscal year 2017-18, the Bangladeshi government earned ৳46 lakh by selling entry tickets to the Kuthibari. However, the government refrained from organizing events here in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The stall of the Department of Archeology set up at the 2022 Ekushey Book Fair was modeled after Rabindra Kuthibari.

## InfoBox

| Shilaidaha Rabindra Kuthibari | |
| --- | --- |
| *Native name*<br>Bengali: শিলাইদহ রবীন্দ্র কুঠিবাড়ি | |
| Main building of Shilaidaha Rabindra Kuthibari | |
| Type | Complex |
| Location | Shilaidaha, Kumarkhali Upazila, Kushtia District |
| Nearest city | Kushtia |
| Coordinates | 23°55′11″N 89°13′12″E / 23.919641°N 89.219961°E / 23.919641; 89.219961 |
| Area | 11 acre |
| Founder | Ramlochan Tagore |
| Built for | Residence |
| Current use | Tourist attraction |
| Owner | Government of Bangladesh |
|  | |


title: 10th Parliament of Elizabeth I

abstract: The 10th Parliament of Queen Elizabeth I was summoned by Queen Elizabeth I of England on 11 September 1601 and assembled on 27 October 1601. It was to be her final Parliament. At the State Opening of Parliament the Lord Keeper Thomas Egerton explained that the Parliament had been called to authorise the replenishment of the Queen's coffers due to the cost of the war in Ireland and the ongoing threat of Anglo-Spanish War. He also indicated that the Queen wished to see the Parliament dissolved by Christmas. John Croke, Recorder of London and MP for London, was appointed Speaker of the House of Commons.

text:
# 10th Parliament of Elizabeth I

The **10th Parliament of Queen Elizabeth I** was summoned by Queen Elizabeth I of England on 11 September 1601 and assembled on 27 October 1601. It was to be her final Parliament.

At the State Opening of Parliament the Lord Keeper Thomas Egerton explained that the Parliament had been called to authorise the replenishment of the Queen's coffers due to the cost of the war in Ireland and the ongoing threat of Anglo-Spanish War. He also indicated that the Queen wished to see the Parliament dissolved by Christmas. John Croke, Recorder of London and MP for London, was appointed Speaker of the House of Commons.

## Anglo-Spanish war

During this time the 10th Parliament was still burdened with the war with Spain. The Parliament provided the funding the Queen would need to go forward with the war. The Anglo-Spanish war had been happening since 1585 and didn’t end until 1604. It was an extremely expensive war and pushed parliament to the war started because Philip II of Spain wanted Protestantism away from his domains and install the Catholic Church. This led to deteriorated relations with Queen Elizabeth I of England who had returned the Church of England to Protestantism. The Church of England encouraged the Dutch protestants to rebel against Philip, leading to disturbances and rebellions throughout France. By the war's end, it had become too costly to continue and ended with Philip III calling for peace. In England, Recusancy Laws were strictly enforced by Parliament to protect the Protestant church and protect England from any invasions from Jesuits and Catholic sympathizers.

## Elizabethan monopolies

The subsidy question was debated and agreed upon by November 9 and Parliament turned to other matters. The main issue of the day was the question of the abuse of monopolies. The Crown had for many years granted profitable monopoly rights to individuals in return for favors rendered to the crown, thereby raising the prices of the goods and services involved. The patent system was initially made to nurture economic growth and encourage employment for the poor. It also was an additional source of revenue for parliament and was a way for them to reward new projects brought to them by courtiers. By 1601 monopolies began to overrun parliament due to poor management. Queen Elizabeth had relied on parliament to uphold the ‘Notion of Commonwealth’ which they failed to do. This led to parliament protests on abolishing the monopiles and limiting licenses. This was one of the most dramatic confrontations in parliament during the reign of Elizabeth Parliament considered this as at least an abuse of Royal privilege and at worst an illegal practice. Previous promises by the Crown to redress the problem had not been fulfilled. She did however commit herself to publish by Proclamation her intention to abolish some patents and allow others to submit to trial by common law. This was a source of tension between the Queen and Parliament. Although many members of parliament were in favor, there were some who did not want to give up their bribes.

## End of the 10th Parliament

Feelings on the issue were so strong that Elizabeth was forced to defuse the situation by inviting 141 MPs to her palace where she delivered the Golden Speech on December 30, 1601. Which she revealed that it would be her final Parliament (she was 68 years old) and won over the delegation with a speech addressing the love and respect she had for the country, her position, and the Members themselves. This speech took many MPs by surprise, they had anticipated that her speech would cover the recent economic problems that the country had been recently facing. The speech was well received by Parliament and its citizens. The speech marked the end of the 10th Parliament.

## Last acts of Parliament

The remaining parliamentary time was dedicated to social and economic matters. The Poor Laws of 1597-98 were codified into a new Act which remained in the Statute Book until 1834. A number of bills concerning alehouses and drunkenness, blasphemy, regulation of weights and measures, and the enforcement of church attendance failed to be passed into law. There was a debate in 1601 on whether congress should pass the hemp bill, allow the growing of hemp for ropes, or renew the Tillage act which would ban the conversion of land to pasture and increase tillage in the country. After long debates within parliament, the Tillage Act was renewed despite headed opposition. Nevertheless, a total of 19 public and 10 private measures did receive royal assent.

## Notable acts of the Parliament


title: Darling's horseshoe bat

abstract: Darling's horseshoe bat is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae found in Africa. Its natural habitats are dry savanna, caves and other subterranean habitats.

text:
# Darling's horseshoe bat

**Darling's horseshoe bat** (***Rhinolophus darlingi***) is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae found in Africa. Its natural habitats are dry savanna, caves and other subterranean habitats.

## Taxonomy

Darling's horseshoe bat was described as a new species in 1905 by Danish mammalogist Knud Andersen. The holotype had been collected in the village of Mazowe in Zimbabwe by James ffolliott Darling, who is the eponym for its species name "*darlingi*".

## Description

Darling's horseshoe bat is considered medium-sized for an African horseshoe bat, with a forearm length of 42–51 mm (1.7–2.0 in) and weights of 6–13 g (0.21–0.46 oz). It has soft, fluffy fur. The coloration on its back is gray or grayish-brown, while its belly is pale gray. It has a low aspect ratio and very low wing loading, meaning that its flight speed is likely slow but highly maneuverable.

## Range and habitat

Darling's horseshoe bat is widely distributed in southern Africa, where it has been documented in Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eswatini, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. It might also be found in Lesotho and Nigeria. It is mostly associated with savanna habitats. It roosts in caves, rocky outcrops, mines, and human structures.

## InfoBox

| Darling's horseshoe bat | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Rhinolophidae |
| Genus: | *Rhinolophus* |
| Species: | ***R. darlingi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Rhinolophus darlingi***
K. Andersen, 1905 | |
|
|  | |
| Darling's horseshoe bat range | |


title: Cahier d'un retour au pays natal

abstract: Cahier d'un retour au pays natal, variously translated as Notebook of a Return to My Native Land, Return to My Native Land, or Journal of a Homecoming, is a book-length poem by Martinican writer Aimé Césaire, considered his masterwork, that mixes poetry and prose to express his thoughts on the cultural identity of black Africans in a colonial setting.

text:
# Cahier d'un retour au pays natal

***Cahier d'un retour au pays natal*** (first published in 1939, with two revised editions in 1947 and a final edition in 1956), variously translated as ***Notebook of a Return to My Native Land***, ***Return to My Native Land***, or ***Journal of a Homecoming***, is a book-length poem by Martinican writer Aimé Césaire, considered his masterwork, that mixes poetry and prose to express his thoughts on the cultural identity of black Africans in a colonial setting.

## History

After a rejection by a French publisher, Césaire submitted the manuscript of the poem to Georges Pelorson, director of the Parisian periodical *Volontés*, who published it in August 1939, just as Césaire was returning to Martinique to take up a post as a teacher. Césaire continued to revise the poem and published two expanded versions with more surrealist elements in 1947, first through Brentano's in New York and later Éditions Bordas in Paris, with an introductory essay by André Breton that had first appeared in 1943 in the New York-based review *Hémisphêres* under the title "Un grand poete noir". In his introduction Breton called the poem "nothing less than the greatest lyrical monument of our times." A "definitive edition" was published in 1956 by Présence Africaine. In this final edition, which has further additions and revisions, Césaire also deleted some material from the 1939 and 1947 editions, "leading the reader away from the spiritual sacrifice of the speaker and toward a sense of collective socialist action", as Arnold and Eshleman put it. Alex Gil argues for a holistic reading of the entire textual history of the poem through its religious, surrealist and Marxian phases, not just the final edition, noting that "the poem's central theme and approach remain unchanged" throughout the four editions.

According to Bonnie Thomas, *Cahier d'un retour au pays natal* was a turning point in French Caribbean literature: "Césaire’s groundbreaking poem laid the foundations for a new literary style in which Caribbean writers came to reject the alienating gaze of the Other in favour of their own Caribbean interpretation of reality."

## Adaptations and tributes

The poem was adapted as a one-man show by Cy Grant.

A passage from the poem provided the title for a volume of *Selected Writings* by C. L. R. James, *At the Rendezvous of Victory* (Allison and Busby, 1984), as well as an epigraph for that volume, much quoted by other writers, such as Edward Said.

> For it is not true that the work of man is finished,
> That we have nothing more to do in the world,
> That we are just parasites in this world,
> That it is enough for us to walk in step with the world,
> For the work of man is only just beginning and it remains to conquer all,
> The violence entrenched in the recess of his passion,
> And no race holds a monopoly of beauty, of intelligence, of strength, and
> There is a place for all at the rendezvous of victory.

## English translations

* *Memorandum on My Martinique*, trans. Ivan Goll and Lionel Abel (Brentano's, 1947). Bilingual edition.
* *Return to My Native Land*, trans. Emile Snyder (Présence Africaine, 1968). Bilingual edition.
* *Return to My Native Land*, trans. John Berger and Anna Bostock, with an introduction by Mazisi Kunene (Penguin Books, 1969; illustrated by Peter de Francia, Archipelago Books, 2014, ISBN 9781935744948).
* *Notebook of a Return to the Native Land*, trans. Clayton Eshleman and Annette Smith (1983; Wesleyan University Press, 2001)
* *Notebook of a Return to My Native Land / Cahier d'un retour au pays natal*, trans. Mireille Rosello with Annie Pritchard (Bloodaxe Contemporary French Poets: 4, 1995, ISBN 9781852241841). Bilingual edition.
* *The Original 1939 Notebook of a Return to the Native Land*, trans. A. James Arnold and Clayton Eshleman (Wesleyan University Press, 2013). Bilingual edition.
* *Journal of a Homecoming / Cahier d′un retour au pays natal*, trans. N. Gregson Davis (Duke University Press, 2017; ISBN 978-0-8223-6896-0). Bilingual edition with introduction, commentary and notes by F. Abiola Irele (from his 2000 Ohio State University edition).