title: Purdue University College of Pharmacy

abstract: The College of Pharmacy is one of 10 academic divisions, or Colleges, of Purdue University. It was established in 1884, and is the third oldest state-funded school of pharmacy in the United States. The school has consistently ranked highly among its peer institutions. The school offers two undergraduate programs leading to the B.S. in Pharmaceutical Sciences (BSPS) and the Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) professional degree. Graduate programs leading to M.S. and Ph.D. degrees are offered in three departments. Additionally, the school offers several non-degree certificate programs and post-graduate continuing education activities. The majority of professional degree classes are conducted in the Robert E. Heine Pharmacy Building, which opened in 1970. The building is home to research laboratories, the Pharmacy, Nursing, and Health Sciences Library and the Purdue Pharmacy.

text:
# Purdue University College of Pharmacy

The **College of Pharmacy** is one of 10 academic divisions, or *Colleges*, of Purdue University. It was established in 1884, and is the third oldest state-funded school of pharmacy in the United States. The school has consistently ranked highly among its peer institutions.

The school offers two undergraduate programs leading to the B.S. in Pharmaceutical Sciences (BSPS) and the Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) professional degree. Graduate programs leading to M.S. and Ph.D. degrees are offered in three departments (Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, and Pharmacy Practice). Additionally, the school offers several non-degree certificate programs and post-graduate continuing education activities.

The majority of professional degree classes are conducted in the Robert E. Heine Pharmacy Building, which opened in 1970. The building is home to research laboratories, the Pharmacy, Nursing, and Health Sciences Library and the Purdue Pharmacy.

## Departments

The School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences consists of three *Departments*:

## History

In the summer of 1883, Purdue's fourth president James H. Smart was conversing with his friend, John N. Hurty, in Hurty's Indianapolis drugstore. Hurty brought up the idea that it would be a good idea for Purdue University (founded 14 years earlier) to offer courses to train students as pharmacists. It is said that Smart agreed, and would fight for the establishment of a pharmacy school at Purdue as long as Hurty served as professor for at least two years. Hurty accepted, and in September 1884, classes began with seven students. Hurty was well-qualified for the position. Having completed courses at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Indianapolis College of Pharmacy (acquired by Butler University in 1904), attended lectures at Jefferson Medical College in 1872, and graduated from the Medical College of Indiana (acquired by Indiana University in 1908) in 1881, his background was likely influential in establishing the scientific rigor that characterized the new curriculum (at the time, a unique quality in pharmacy education).

In 1884 a two-year School of Pharmacy was founded. The School of Nursing began as a program in 1963 and was incorporated as a department into the Purdue University College of Technology in 1964. In 1979 the School of Health Sciences was formed under the newly organized Schools of Pharmacy, Nursing, and Health Sciences. In 2005 this group was renamed the College of Pharmacy, Nursing, and Health Sciences. Five years later, the Schools of Nursing and Health Sciences became part of the new College of Health and Human Sciences, leaving the College of Pharmacy with its current name.

The College of Pharmacy has never had an association with Purdue Pharma, a clarification the university has made clear in order to avoid association.

## Notable alumni

## Notable faculty

## InfoBox

College of Pharmacy
| The Purdue University College of Pharmacy logo is a stylized mortar and pestle. | |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 1884 |
| Dean | Eric L. Barker, Ph.D. |
| Academic staff | 108 |
| Students | 1200 |
| Undergraduates | 1070 |
| Postgraduates | 130 |
| Location | West Lafayette, IN, USA<br>40°25′48″N 86°54′58″W / 40.4299°N 86.9160°W / 40.4299; -86.9160 |
| Affiliations | Purdue University System |
| Website | www.pharmacy.purdue.edu |


title: Purdue University Reactor Number One

abstract: The Purdue University Reactor Number One (PUR-1) is a research reactor in West Lafayette, Indiana, United States. It is used primarily for teaching purposes in Purdue University's School of Nuclear Engineering. Built in 1962, the PUR-1 is the only nuclear reactor operating in the US state of Indiana. It was the second reactor installed in Indiana, and was the first critical reactor, after a sub-critical reactor was installed at Valparaiso University in 1958.

text:
# Purdue University Reactor Number One

The **Purdue University Reactor Number One** (**PUR-1**) is a research reactor in West Lafayette, Indiana, United States. It is used primarily for teaching purposes in Purdue University's School of Nuclear Engineering. Built in 1962, the PUR-1 is the only nuclear reactor operating in the US state of Indiana. It was the second reactor installed in Indiana, and was the first critical reactor, after a sub-critical reactor was installed at Valparaiso University in 1958.

## Design

In April 1961, Purdue University selected Lockheed Corporation to build its research reactor after twelve companies submitted bids. It was installed underground, three stories beneath the Duncan Annex of Purdue's Electrical Engineering Building. The reactor first achieved criticality on August 30, 1962, and a dedication ceremony was held on September 27 of that year. The construction cost was $125,000.

The PUR-1 was the second nuclear reactor and first critical reactor in Indiana. A third reactor was later installed at the planned Marble Hill Nuclear Power Plant in Jefferson County but was removed when construction of the plant halted in 1984. The reactor at Valparaiso University was dismantled in 2000. As a result, the PUR-1 is currently the only reactor in the state.

The Purdue reactor was among the first to be designed mainly for student use. It is licensed to produce up to one kilowatt of thermal power, comparable to the energy demand of a hair dryer or a toaster. This low power makes it safer and less expensive than reactors designed for research or electricity generation. The reactor's core is 2 cubic feet (0.057 m3) in volume and sits at the bottom of a 17-foot-deep (5.2 m) cooling pool of water that measures 8 feet (2.4 m) in diameter. This allows the core to be safely viewed while it is operating.

## Use

The reactor's primary purpose is for training students in the principles of reactor physics. The university also uses it as a source for neutrons for research in nuclear engineering, health science, chemistry, pharmacy, agriculture, biology, and nanotechnology.

Purdue's reactor is also used for outreach. The School of Nuclear Engineering regularly gives tours of its facilities to local high school students and the general public. As of 2012, it was estimated that between 1,600 and 1,800 visitors see the reactor facilities annually.

## Safety

In 2005, journalism interns produced a report for ABC News about the possibility of terrorist attacks on research reactors in the United States. When they arrived at Purdue University, the interns were surprised at how easy it was for the general public to obtain a tour of the reactor facilities. They also noted a lack of background checks, guards, and metal detectors.

In response, the university said that the ABC report had misrepresented the nature of research reactors and that the interns were not qualified to make such safety evaluations. Unlike power plants, that produce electricity by running steam turbines, research reactors operate well below boiling conditions. Because of its low power range and its underground location, Purdue says that any attack on its reactor facilities would be unlikely to affect anything outside of that room. The way in which the reactor is installed means that theft of its fuel would require "a major construction project" that "could not be done covertly."

The PUR-1 originally used highly enriched, or "weapons-grade", uranium as fuel. In 1982, the government announced plans to convert civilian reactors to low-enriched uranium. Conversion of the Purdue reactor was completed in September 2007.

On February 16, 2021, the NRC issued a Notice of Violation to Purdue University involving two violations. The first violation involves the Purdue University Research Reactor operating at steady state power levels in excess of 12 kilowatts (thermal) on several occasions between October 31, 2019, and September 15, 2020, which was beyond allowed thermal power levels as limited in their Reactor License. Specifically, the reactor was inadvertently operated at power levels greater than 12 kW(t) during this time due to nuclear instrument (NI) calibration calculation errors that caused the NIs to indicate reactor power levels that were approximately three times lower than actual reactor power. Therefore, when the licensee operated the reactor above 4 kW(t) (indicated power) several times between October 31, 2019, and September 15, 2020, the actual reactor power exceeded the maximum authorized power level of 12 kW(t). The second violation involves Purdue University’s failure to perform appropriate surveillance testing before considering the NI system operable following replacement of the NI system and detectors in 2019.

## InfoBox

| Purdue University Reactor Number One | |
| --- | --- |
| The PUR-1 cooling pool | |
| Location of Purdue University Reactor Number One | |
| Operating Institution | Purdue University |
| Location | West Lafayette, Indiana, USA |
| Coordinates | 40°25′42″N 86°54′41″W / 40.42833°N 86.91139°W / 40.42833; -86.91139 |
| Type | Open pool reactor |
| Power | 10 kW (thermal) |
| Construction and Upkeep | |
| Construction Cost | $125,000 |
| Construction Began | 1961 (1961) |
| First Criticality | August 30, 1962 |
| Annual Upkeep Cost | $7,000 |
| Staff | 3 |
| Operators | 3 |
| Technical Specifications | |
| Max Thermal Flux | 2.1×1010 n/cm2·s |
| Max Fast Flux | 1.2×1010 n/cm2·s |
| Fuel Type | Flat plate MTR |
| Cooling | Light water |
| Neutron Moderator | Light water |
| Neutron Reflector | Graphite |
| Control Rods | 3 |
| Cladding Material | Aluminum alloy |
| Source(s): "PUR-1 Purdue Univ". International Atomic Energy Agency. September 17, 1998. Retrieved October 6, 2012. | |


title: Purdue University Fort Wayne

abstract: Purdue University Fort Wayne (PFW) is a public university in Fort Wayne, Indiana. A campus of Purdue University, Purdue Fort Wayne was founded on July 1, 2018, when its predecessor university, Indiana University–Purdue University Fort Wayne formally split into two separate institutions: Purdue University Fort Wayne and Indiana University Fort Wayne. Its athletic teams are the Purdue Fort Wayne Mastodons. Most of the university's 14 men's and women's athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA Horizon League; the men's volleyball team competes in the Midwestern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association.

text:
# Purdue University Fort Wayne

**Purdue University Fort Wayne** (**PFW**) is a public university in Fort Wayne, Indiana. A campus of Purdue University, Purdue Fort Wayne was founded on July 1, 2018, when its predecessor university, Indiana University–Purdue University Fort Wayne formally split into two separate institutions: Purdue University Fort Wayne and Indiana University Fort Wayne.

Its athletic teams are the Purdue Fort Wayne Mastodons. Most of the university's 14 men's and women's athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA Horizon League; the men's volleyball team competes in the Midwestern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association.

## History

In 1941, Purdue University permanently established the Purdue University Center in downtown Fort Wayne to provide a site for students to begin their undergraduate studies prior to transferring to the West Lafayette main campus to complete their degree. Twenty-four years earlier, Indiana University also began offering courses in Fort Wayne. From 1958–1964, both universities began the process of combining the two extension centers into one joint university, known as Indiana University – Purdue University Fort Wayne (IPFW).

IPFW opened on September 17, 1964, following nearly two years of construction on a 114 acres (0.46 km2) site northeast of downtown Fort Wayne. It awarded its first four-year degree in 1968. Eight years later, in 1976, IPFW absorbed the Fort Wayne Art Institute, an art school that had served the Fort Wayne community since 1897. In 1998, this academic unit was renamed the School of Fine and Performing Arts, later becoming the College of Visual and Performing Arts.

After several years of talks between IPFW, Purdue, and IU, IPFW was divided into two universities on July 1, 2018: Purdue University Fort Wayne, and Indiana University Fort Wayne. The division moved all departments involved in health care to Indiana University Fort Wayne, and all others into Purdue University Fort Wayne. The Philosophy and Geosciences departments, along with academic programs in French and German, were closed on January 1, 2017.

## Campus

The Purdue Fort Wayne campus is 688 acres (2.78 km2), encompassing four main campus areas, including 40 buildings which cover 2,668,078 square feet (247,872.6 m2). The Main Academic Campus, bounded by East Coliseum Boulevard (Indiana State Road 930) to the south, Crescent Avenue to the east, St. Joseph River to the west, and Canterbury Green Apartment complex and golf course to the north, includes the majority of academic and administrative buildings and parking.

The Waterfield Student Housing Campus, bounded by Crescent Avenue to the west, East Coliseum Boulevard and Trier Road to the south, and Hobson Road to the East, contains all of the privately owned residence halls. The main academic campus and Waterfield campus are connected via the Crescent Avenue Pedestrian Bridge, elevated above Crescent Avenue.

The Research-Incubator Campus, bounded by St. Joe Road to the west, Stellhorn Road to the south, Dean Drive to the north, and Sirlin Drive to the east includes the Northeast Indiana Innovation Center, a business incubator for entrepreneurs. This area of the campus was acquired in 2007 after the Fort Wayne State Developmental Center's closure, with the land donated between IPFW and Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana.

The former McKay Family Farm, located on the western bank of the St. Joseph River, is bounded by East Coliseum Boulevard to the south, St. Joseph River to the east, and development to the north and west. The Plex indoor soccer facility, Hefner Soccer Complex, Holiday Inn hotel, and Steel Dynamics Keith E. Busse Alumni Center are located on this portion of the campus, connected to the main academic campus via the pedestrian-only Ron Venderly Family Bridge. The Holiday Inn operates on property leased from the Indiana–Purdue Foundation, and is affiliated with Purdue Fort Wayne's Hospitality Management Program.

### Architecture

Campus buildings generally feature brick in various shades of brown or tan, a nod to the brick façades of Purdue University's West Lafayette campus buildings. The grounds at Purdue Fort Wayne are manicured and landscaped as a multiple-hundred-acre park due in part to the generosity of Virginia Ayers, an avid long-time exerciser on campus who willed her estate to IPFW upon her death in 1986 (IPFW University Archives).

## Administration

Purdue Fort Wayne is governed by the Purdue University Board of Trustees and the Purdue Fort Wayne Faculty Senate. The Indiana–Purdue Foundation owns most of the land that constitutes Purdue Fort Wayne and has entered into a 99-year lease with Allen County for additional land for $1.

## Academics

Purdue University Fort Wayne is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and offers more than 200 academic options.

### Colleges, divisions, and schools

The university's academic programs are divided into several colleges, divisions, and schools:

* College of Liberal Arts
* College of Science
* College of Engineering, Technology, and Computer Science
* College of Visual and Performing Arts
* Doermer School of Business
* Integrated Studies
* School of Education

Prior to July 1, 2021, the College of Liberal Arts and the College of Science were combined in the College of Arts and Sciences. On the same date, the College of Professional Studies ceased operations.

### Library system

The Walter E. Helmke Library, the only public university library in northeast Indiana, was dedicated in 1977 and covers 113,000 square feet (10,500 m2). Ground was broken in 2009 for a new US$42.4 million Student Services Complex, extending the second floor Learning Commons through a 265 feet (81 m)-long glass-enclosed elevated walkway, connecting Helmke Library to Walb Student Union and Hilliard Gates Sports Center. In November 2011, the Student Services Complex and Learning Commons were opened for use. The Learning Commons includes librarian research consulting, the Writing Center, IT services computing, and areas for group and individual study.

## Athletics

Purdue Fort Wayne student athletes, known as the Purdue Fort Wayne Mastodons, compete as a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I school in the Horizon League, and in the Midwestern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association for men's volleyball. The university participates in 16 men's and women's sports.

## InfoBox

Purdue University Fort Wayne
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Public university |
| Established | July 1, 2018 (2018-07-01) |
| Parent institution | Purdue University system |
| Accreditation | HLC |
| Academic affiliations |  |
| Chancellor | Ronald L. Elsenbaumer |
| Academic staff | 787 (Fall 2021) |
| Students | 8,298 (Fall 2021) |
| Undergraduates | 7,768 (Fall 2021) |
| Postgraduates | 530 (Fall 2021) |
| Location | Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States
41°07′02″N 85°06′30″W / 41.11722°N 85.10833°W / 41.11722; -85.10833 |
| Campus | Suburban, 688 acres (2.78 km2) \[2\] |
| Colors | Old Gold and Black
 |
| Nickname | Mastodons |
| Sporting affiliations | NCAA Division IHorizon League
MIVA |
| Mascot | Don the Mastodon |
| Website | www.pfw.edu |
|  | |


title: El Buste

abstract: El Buste is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 98 inhabitants.

text:
# El Buste

**El Buste** is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 98 inhabitants.

## InfoBox

| El Buste | |
| --- | --- |
| municipality | |
|  | |
|  | |
| El BusteEl BusteEl Buste | |
| Coordinates: 41°53′N 1°36′W / 41.883°N 1.600°W / 41.883; -1.600 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Aragon |
| Province | Zaragoza |
| Comarca | Tarazona y el Moncayo |
| Area | |
| Total | 7 km2 (3 sq mi) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 72 |
| Density | 10/km2 (27/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Pseudophilautus sirilwijesundarai

abstract: Pseudophilautus sirilwijesundarai is a species of frogs in the family Rhacophoridae, endemic to Sri Lanka. It is one of the 8 species of rhacophorids that were reported from Adam's Peak in 2013.

text:
# Pseudophilautus sirilwijesundarai

***Pseudophilautus sirilwijesundarai*** (**Siril Wijesundara's shrub frog**) is a species of frogs in the family Rhacophoridae, endemic to Sri Lanka. It is one of the 8 species of rhacophorids that were reported from Adam's Peak in 2013.

## Habitat and threats

Its natural habitats are wet lowland forests of Sri Lanka. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## Etymology

The frog was named after Dr. Siril Wijesundara, a leading Sri Lankan scientist and naturalist.

## Description

The adult male measures 22.3 mm in snout-vent length and the adult female 32.5 mm. The skin of the dorsum is dark brown in color with some green tinging. There are maroon spots on both sides of the body and a maroon mark under each eye. The sides of the body are maroon with yellow-white marks. There are maroon marks on all legs and toes. The throat is dark brown.

## Life cycle

Like other frogs in *Pseudophilautus*, this species undergoes direct development, hatching from eggs as small froglets with no free-swimming tadpole stage.

## Original publication

* Wickramasinghe; Vidanapathirana; Rajeev; Ariyarathne; Chanaka; Priyantha; Bandara; Wickramasinghe (2013). "*Eight new species of Pseudophilautus (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Sripada World Heritage Site (Peak Wilderness), a local amphibian hotspot in Sri Lanka.*" (PDF). *J Threatened Taxa*. **5** (4): 3789–3920. doi:10.11609/JoTT.o3099.3789-920. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-03.

## InfoBox

| Siril Wijesundara's shrub frog | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Rhacophoridae |
| Genus: | *Pseudophilautus* |
| Species: | ***P. sirilwijesundarai*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudophilautus sirilwijesundarai***
Wickramasinghe *et* *al*, 2013 | |
|


title: Pseudophilautus simba

abstract: Pseudophilautus simba is a species of frogs in the family Rhacophoridae endemic to Sri Lanka. It is only known from its type locality in the Morningside Forest Reserve, adjacent to the Sinharaja Forest Reserve, near Rakwana, southern Sri Lanka.

text:
# Pseudophilautus simba

***Pseudophilautus simba*** (**Sinharaja shrub frog**) is a species of frogs in the family Rhacophoridae endemic to Sri Lanka. It is only known from its type locality in the Morningside Forest Reserve, adjacent to the Sinharaja Forest Reserve, near Rakwana, southern Sri Lanka.

## Description

The holotype, a mature male, measures 12.6 mm (0.50 in) in snout–vent length, and the paratypes, three mature females, 14.5–15.6 mm (0.57–0.61 in) SVL. Body is elongate. Head is dorsally convex. Snout is truncate in lateral aspect, snout angle category 5 (angle of snout ~ 97°). Canthal edges are rounded. Loreal region is flat. Interorbital space is convex. Internarial space is flat. Tympanum is distinct, oval, vertical. Pineal ocellus, vomerine ridge, and lingual papilla are all absent. Supratympanic fold is distinct. Cephalic ridges are absent. Skin on head is not co-ossified with skull. Lateral dermal fringe is absent on fingers. Rudimentary webbing is present on fingers. Prepollex is prominent. Toes have rudimentary webbing. Tarsal fold is absent. Calcar is absent. Snout, interorbital area and posterior dorsum are smooth. Dorsum and lateral side of head have glandular warts. Lower flank is granular. Dorsal part of forelimb, thigh, shank, and foot are smooth. Throat and chest are granular, smooth. Belly and underside of thigh are granular, rough. Males have inner vocal slits, but nuptial pad is absent.

## Habitat and conservation

It inhabits closed-canopy montane forest and forest fragments within cardamom plantations at about 1,060 m (3,480 ft) asl. It is a ground-dwelling, leaf-litter species. It is a rare species threatened by habitat loss caused by agricultural encroachment, fires, illegal gemstone mining and logging, and human settlement.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudophilautus simba* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Rhacophoridae |
| Genus: | *Pseudophilautus* |
| Species: | ***P. simba*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudophilautus simba***
(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Philautus simba* Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005 | |


title: Pseudophilautus sordidus

abstract:
Pseudophilautus sordidus, commonly known as the grubby shrub frog is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, plantations, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forest.
It is becoming rarer due to habitat loss.

text:
# Pseudophilautus sordidus

***Pseudophilautus sordidus***, commonly known as the **grubby shrub frog** is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae.

It is endemic to Sri Lanka.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, plantations, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forest. It is becoming rarer due to habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudophilautus sordidus* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Rhacophoridae |
| Genus: | *Pseudophilautus* |
| Species: | ***P. sordidus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudophilautus sordidus***
(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005) | |
|
|  | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Philautus sordidus* Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005 | |


title: Pure Grinding

abstract: "Pure Grinding" is a song by Avicii, released as a single in 2015. The track appears on his album Stories and on his two-track EP Pure Grinding / For a Better Day. It was written by Tim Bergling (Avicii), Kristoffer Fogelmark, Albin Nedler and Earl Johnson. The song was previously leaked on the Internet with the title "Nothing to Lose". It is also part of the official soundtrack for the 2015 reboot of Need for Speed.

text:
# Pure Grinding

"**Pure Grinding**" is a song by Avicii, released as a single in 2015. The track appears on his album *Stories* and on his two-track EP *Pure Grinding / For a Better Day*. It was written by Tim Bergling (Avicii), Kristoffer Fogelmark, Albin Nedler and Earl Johnson. The song was previously leaked on the Internet with the title "Nothing to Lose". It is also part of the official soundtrack for the 2015 reboot of *Need for Speed*.

## Reception

"Pure Grinding" received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics. Will Hermes of *Rolling Stone* described the song as "duty-free trap music cut with polyester funk", while Marcus Dowling of Insomniac noted that a "more power synth- and heavy drop-loving producer" would have benefited the song.

## Music video

The music video was released September 3, 2015. The video displays two lives of men: one man works in the sweaty heat of the desert working in a quarry pick-axing and piling stone bricks on his truck. When the man returns home he finds overdue bills, and an argumentative wife or mother which then left him. He then worked hard to pay off the overdue bills and eventually succeeded on it. The other man is a rich and criminal man. He and his gang head out and rob a gas station and even shoot and kill the owner. They next attempt to rob a bank. The men use their guns to scare the employees and hold a few against their will so they rob the safe. When the man and his partners reach the safe they start stacking their money until the alarm sounds and the men flee. As the gang escapes, one man locks the boss in the safe with the money and the video ends with the man enranged and begins to wait for his arrest.

## Charts

| Chart (2015) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 71 |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 94 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 19 |
| US Hot Dance/Electronic Songs (*Billboard*) | 30 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Denmark (IFPI Danmark) | Gold | 45,000 |
| Sweden (GLF) | Platinum | 8,000,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
Streaming-only figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| "Pure Grinding" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Avicii | |
| from the album  *Stories* | |
| A-side | "For a Better Day" |
| Released | 28 August 2015 (2015-08-28) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 2:51 |
| Label | PRMD |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | * Avicii * Albin Nedler * Kristoffer Fogelmark |
| Avicii singles chronology | |
| "Waiting for Love"
(2015) "**Pure Grinding**" / "For a Better Day"
(2015) "Broken Arrows"
(2015) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Avicii - Pure Grinding" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Pure Grit

abstract: Pure Grit is a 1923 American silent Western film directed by Nat Ross and starring Roy Stewart, Esther Ralston, and Jack Mower. It is based on the 1911 novel A Texas Ranger by William MacLeod Raine.

text:
# Pure Grit

***Pure Grit*** is a 1923 American silent Western film directed by Nat Ross and starring Roy Stewart, Esther Ralston, and Jack Mower. It is based on the 1911 novel *A Texas Ranger* by William MacLeod Raine.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine review, Bob Evans, a Texas Ranger, falls in love with school teacher Stella Bolling. She aids Jim Kemp, a wounded stranger, who reveals himself to be her long-lost brother, who had broken out of jail. Buddy Clark, an orphan also cared for by Stella, rescues another wounded man, and learns from him that he is really Stella's brother, and that Stella is being imposed on by the other stranger. Stella has gone with the stranger. Bob pursues them and saves Stella from an attack by the stranger at a burning cabin, who meets his just deserts. Buddy also saves a dog from the burning cabin. Bob has won Stella's affection.

## Cast

## Preservation

The film is currently lost.

## Bibliography

* Connelly, Robert B. *The Silents: Silent Feature Films, 1910-36, Volume 40, Issue 2*. December Press, 1998.
* Munden, Kenneth White. *The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Produced in the United States, Part 1*. University of California Press, 1997.

## InfoBox

| Pure Grit | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical poster | |
| Directed by | Nat Ross |
| Written by | Isadore Bernstein |
| Based on | *A Texas Ranger*
by William MacLeod Raine |
| Produced by | Carl Laemmle |
| Starring | Roy Stewart
Esther Ralston
Jack Mower |
| Cinematography | Benjamin H. Kline |
| Production
company | Universal Pictures |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
| Release date | * December 31, 1923 (1923-12-31) |
| Running time | 50 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | Silent (English intertitles) |


title: Pterostichus acutipes

abstract: Pterostichus acutipes is a species of woodland ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Pterostichus acutipes

***Pterostichus acutipes*** is a species of woodland ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.

## Subspecies

These two subspecies belong to the species *Pterostichus acutipes*:

* *Pterostichus acutipes acutipes* Barr, 1971
* *Pterostichus acutipes kentuckensis* Barr, 1971

## Further reading

* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2017). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 1: Archostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-33029-0.

## InfoBox

| *Pterostichus acutipes* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Pterostichus* |
| Species: | ***P. acutipes*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pterostichus acutipes***<br>Barr, 1971 | |
|


title: Pterostegia

abstract: Pterostegia is a monotypic plant genus containing only the single species Pterostegia drymarioides, which is known as the woodland threadstem, woodland pterostegia, fairy mist, or fairy bowties.

text:
# Pterostegia

***Pterostegia*** is a monotypic plant genus containing only the single species ***Pterostegia drymarioides***, which is known as the **woodland threadstem**, **woodland pterostegia**, **fairy mist**, or **fairy bowties**.

## Distribution

The plant is native to the western United States, California, Baja California, and Northwestern Mexico. The plant is most commonly found carpeting the ground in shady areas, such as in the understory of a cool forest or chaparral woodlands. It sometimes grows hidden from view beneath other plants. It also is found in shaded areas of desert habitats.

## Description

*Pterostegia drymarioides* is a very small annual spreading or climbing plant with very thin, hairy stems. The tiny leaves are lobed or heart-shaped and may be green or pink. The plant may sprawl across the ground in a thin layer or may form small patches here and there.

The plant bears tiny bright pink flowers.

## InfoBox

| *Pterostegia drymarioides* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Polygonaceae |
| Subfamily: | Eriogonoideae |
| Genus: | *Pterostegia*
Fisch. & C.A. Mey. |
| Species: | ***P. drymarioides*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pterostegia drymarioides***
Fisch. & C.A. Mey. | |
|


abstract: Electrification of Saint Petersburg Railway Division. Direct lines from Saint Petersburg Finlyandsky–Vyborg and Saint Petersburg Finlyandsky–Beloostrov through Sestroretsk continued to work with steam haulage after the Russian Revolution up to World War II.

text:
# Electrification of Saint Petersburg Railway Division

|  |  |
| --- | --- |

**Electrification of Saint Petersburg Railway Division**. Direct lines from Saint Petersburg FinlyandskyVyborg and Saint Petersburg Finlyandsky–Beloostrov through Sestroretsk continued to work with steam haulage after the Russian Revolution up to World War II.

## First project

In 1930, the first project for electrification of a railroad line of seashore–Beloostrov rings was developed. But the state boundary was in the urban-type settlement Beloostrov, and the authorities did not improve the transport accessibility area. They rightly believed that the availability of suburban passenger electric trains would increase the number of summer residents in direction of traffic.

## Implementation

Without waiting for the end of the war, the chief of department of electrification of the October Railway Kirillov made an application for electrification of the seashore–Beloostrov rings and directions to station Terioki addressed to the Leningrad city town committee VKP managing transport department. After the war, the state border was pushed to a distance of more than 100 kilometers (over Vyborg) and the electrification program was not hampered.

## Documents

Documents were issued on the basis of which the electrification of the LeningradZelenogorsk line was authorized:

## Timeline of electrification

* Finlyandsky Rail Terminal–Zelenogorsk – 1951
* Zelenogorsk–Ushkovo – 1952
* Ushkovo–Roshchino – 1954
* Roshchino–Kirillovskoye – 1968
* Kirillovskoye–Vyborg – 1969
* Vyborg–Luzhayka – 1977
* International connection – 1978


title: Pseudopostega triangularis

abstract: Pseudopostega triangularis is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It known only from the type locality, in the north-central forests of Argentina. The length of the forewings is about 2.6 mm. Adults are on wing in November.

text:
# Pseudopostega triangularis

***Pseudopostega triangularis*** is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It known only from the type locality, in the north-central forests of Argentina.

The length of the forewings is about 2.6 mm. Adults are on wing in November.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudopostega triangularis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Opostegidae |
| Genus: | *Pseudopostega* |
| Species: | ***P. triangularis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudopostega triangularis***<br>D.R. Davis & J.R. Stonis, 2007 | |
|


title: El Telégrafo (Ecuador)

abstract: El Telégrafo is a Spanish-language daily newspaper in Guayaquil, Ecuador founded in 1884. It is the oldest newspaper in Ecuador.

text:
# El Telégrafo (Ecuador)

***El Telégrafo*** is a Spanish-language daily newspaper in Guayaquil, Ecuador founded in 1884. It is the oldest newspaper in Ecuador.

## InfoBox

El Telégrafo
| Offices in Guayaquil | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Daily newspaper |
| Format | 41×28cm |
| Owner(s) | Ecuador Government |
| Editor | Orlando Pérez |
| Founded | 1884 (1884) |
| Political alignment | Public |
| Headquarters | Guayaquil |
| Website | http://www.eltelegrafo.com.ec |


title: Pukara (Marquirivi)

abstract: Pukara is a 4,019-metre-high (13,186 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the Oruro Department, San Pedro de Totora Province, west of the village of Marquirivi.

text:
# Pukara (Marquirivi)

**Pukara** (Aymara for fortress, also spelled *Pucara*) is a 4,019-metre-high (13,186 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the Oruro Department, San Pedro de Totora Province, west of the village of Marquirivi.

## InfoBox

| Pukara | |
| --- | --- |
| PukaraLocation within Bolivia | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 4,019 m (13,186 ft) |
| Coordinates | 17°57′30″S 68°00′50″W / 17.95833°S 68.01389°W / -17.95833; -68.01389 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Bolivia, Oruro Department |
| Parent range | Andes |


title: Eurybia glauca

abstract: Eurybia glauca is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, called the gray aster. It is native to the western United States, primarily in Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming, with a few populations in Idaho and Montana. Eurybia glauca is a perennial herb or subshrub up to 70 centimeters tall from a woody rhizome. The plant produces flower heads numerous heads in a flat-topped array. Each head contains 8-19 lavender ray florets surrounding 12-32 yellow or purplish disc florets.

text:
# Eurybia glauca

***Eurybia glauca*** is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, called the **gray aster.** It is native to the western United States, primarily in Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming, with a few populations in Idaho and Montana.

*Eurybia glauca* is a perennial herb or subshrub up to 70 centimeters (28 inches) tall from a woody rhizome. The plant produces flower heads numerous heads (sometimes over 100) in a flat-topped array. Each head contains 8-19 lavender ray florets surrounding 12-32 yellow or purplish disc florets.

## Taxonomy

*Eurybia glauca* was first described and given its first name as *Eucephalus glaucus* by the famous botanist Thomas Nuttall. He described it in a paper read to the society on 2 October 1840, but published in 1841 in *Transactions of the American Philosophical Society*. It was given a brief description and noted as growing, "Towards the sources of the Platte, and in the Rocky Mountains." In 2004 Luc Brouillet published a paper arguing for its reclassification as *Herrickia glauca* along with a general reorganization of species into a restored genus, *Herrickia*. However, as of 2023 Plants of the World Online (POWO) accepts the 1995 description by Guy L. Nesom as *Eurybia glauca*.

## Range

*Eurybia glauca* primarily grows west of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, northern New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah. It also is found through much of Wyoming with a population known from one county in Idaho and other small populations in Montana.

## InfoBox

| *Eurybia glauca* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Eurybia glauca* as *Aster hlaucus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | *Eurybia* |
| Species: | ***E. glauca*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eurybia glauca***<br>(Nutt.) G.L.Nesom | |
|
| Varieties | |
| * *Eurybia glauca* var. *glauca*  *Eurybia glauca* var. *pulchra* * *(S.F.Blake) Brouillet* | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Aster glaucus*  (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray * *Eucephalus glaucus*  Nutt. * *Herrickia glauca*  (Nutt.) Brouillet | |


title: Commemorative coins of Ireland

abstract: Various commemorative coins denominated in Irish currency were issued until 2002, when the Irish pound (IEP/IR£) came to an end and was superseded by the euro. Since then there have been Irish commemorative coins denominated in euro.

text:
# Commemorative coins of Ireland

Various **commemorative coins denominated in Irish currency** were issued until 2002, when the Irish pound (IEP/IR£) came to an end and was superseded by the euro. Since then there have been Irish commemorative coins denominated in euro.

## Irish pound

### Silver ten-shilling piece (1966)

| **Topic:** Easter rising of 1916 | | **Designer:** T. Hugh Paget | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Value:** 10s | **Alloy:** .8333 Ag (.4858 oz) | **Quantity:** 2,000,000 20,000 | **Quality:** Reg Proof |
| **Issued:** 1966 | **Diameter:** 28.6 mm | **Weight:** 18.14 g | **Market Value:** - |
| The obverse depicted Patrick Pearse, while the dying Cúchulainn was on the reverse. 1,270,000 of the ten-shilling coins were melted in 1971. | | | | |

### Dublin Millennium 50p (1988)

| **Topic:** Dublin Millennium | | **Designer:** Thomas Ryan | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Value:** 50p | **Alloy:** Cu 750 Ni 250 | **Quantity:** 5,000,000 50,000 | **Quality:** Reg Proof |
| **Issued:** 1988 | **Diameter:** 30.0 mm | **Weight:** 13.5g | **Market Value:** - |
| The obverse depicts the Irish harp. The reverse design features the coat of arms of the City of Dublin and the coat of arms of the Lord Mayor of Dublin | | | | |

### UN anniversary pound coin (1995)

| **Topic:** 50th Anniversary of the United Nations | | **Designer:** - | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Value:** £1 | **Alloy:** Ag 925 | **Quantity:** 25,000 Authorised (2,750 actual mintage?) | **Quality:** Proof - |
| **Issued:** 1995 | **Diameter:** 38.61 mm | **Weight:** 28.28 g | **Market value:** - |
| The obverse depicts the Irish harp and the dates 1945 and 1995. The reverse design features a dove carrying in its beak a banner announcing the anniversary dates of 1945 and 1995. | | | | |

### Millennium pound coin (2000)

| **Topic:** Millennium | | **Designer:** Alan Ardiff & Garrett Stokes | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Value:** £1 | **Alloy:** - | **Quantity:** 5,000,000 95,000 | **Quality:** Reg Proof |
| **Issued:** 2000 | **Diameter:** 31.1 mm | **Weight:** 20 g | **Market value:** - |
| The obverse depicts the Irish harp. The reverse design features the Broighter Boat that dates from the first century BC. | | | | |

## European Currency Unit (ECU)

| **Topic:** Irish European Community Presidency & European integration | | **Designer:** Thomas Ryan | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Value:** 5ecu | **Alloy:** Ag 925 | **Quantity:** 20,000 - | **Quality:** Proof - |
| **Issued:** 25.06.1990 | **Diameter:** 28mm | **Weight:** 10g | **Market Value:** - |
| The obverse depicts the Irish harp surrounded by stars. The reverse design features an Irish red deer stag with mountains in the background | | | | |
|  | | | | |
| **Topic:** Irish European Community Presidency & European integration | | **Designer:** Thomas Ryan | |
| **Value:** 10ecu | **Alloy:** Ag 925 | **Quantity:** 20,000 - | **Quality:** Proof - |
| **Issued:** 25.06.1990 | **Diameter:** 37.5mm | **Weight:** 28 g | **Market Value:** - |
| The obverse depicts the Irish harp surrounded by stars. The reverse features the Irish red deer with a Mountains background | | | | |
|  | | | | |
| **Topic:** Irish European Community Presidency & European integration | | **Designer:** Thomas Ryan | |
| **Value:** 50ecu | **Alloy:** - | **Quantity:** 5,000 - | **Quality:** Proof - |
| **Issued:** 25.06.1990 | **Diameter:** - | **Weight:** 15g | **Market Value:** - |
| The obverse depicts the Irish harp surrounded by stars The reverse design features the Irish Red Deer with a Mountains background | | | | |

1. "Central Bank of Ireland".
2. "Irishcoinage".


title: The Gufs (album)

abstract: The Gufs is a studio album by the rock band The Gufs. It was released in 1996 on Atlantic Records. The album is the band's major record label debut, and mainly consists of songs first released on their 1995 album Collide.

text:
# The Gufs (album)

***The Gufs*** is a studio album by the rock band The Gufs. It was released in 1996 on Atlantic Records. The album is the band's major record label debut, and mainly consists of songs first released on their 1995 album *Collide*.

## Track listing

All tracks by The Gufs

1. "Smile" - 5:30
2. "Lost Along The Way" - 4:30
3. "Sunday Driver" - 3:52
4. "Crash (Into Me)" - 5:13
5. "Out Somehow" - 3:53
6. "Wasting Time" - 3:16
7. "Listen To The Trees" - 4:11
8. "Life's Sweet Sound" - 4:24
9. "Die Away From You" - 3:49
10. "Let Her Go" - 3:08
11. "Losers Love Song" - 2:32
12. "Fear Me Now" - 4:28
13. "So Easily" - 4:50

## Personnel

* Goran Kralj - lead vocals
* Dejan Kralj - bass guitar
* Morgan Dawley - lead guitar, backup vocals
* Scott Schwebel - drums

1. The Gufs track info @ allmusic.com
2. The Gufs track info @ allmusic.com
3. Albums at VH1.com

## InfoBox

| The Gufs | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by The Gufs | |
| Released | 1996 |
| Genre | Alternative |
| Length | 54:00 |
| Label | Atlantic |
| The Gufs chronology | |
| ***Collide***
(1995) ***The Gufs***
(1996) *Collide Sessions*
(1997) | |


title: Evening's Empire

abstract: Evening's Empire is a science fiction novel by American writer David Herter, published in 2002. It is the author's second novel after 2000's Ceres Storm.

text:
# Evening's Empire

***Evening's Empire*** is a science fiction novel by American writer David Herter, published in 2002. It is the author's second novel after 2000's *Ceres Storm*.

## Plot introduction

The book follows the travels of a man to the small town of Evening, Oregon, where his beloved wife was killed in a freak accident the year before. The novel relies heavily on surrealism and a lolling suspense that is never realized in any sort of actual climax. Nonetheless, the book retains a small following of fans that greatly admire its "mature" style and few reviewers have considered it a poor effort.

## Literary significance and reception

Regina Schroeder in her review for *Booklist* said, "Herter's blending of contemporary fantasy and Kent's Verne opera-in-progress is seamless and intense, and his creation of Downstairs fascinating but terrible. An exquisite, subtle performance." Charles De Lint reviewing for *Fantasy & Science Fiction* said, "there is far more to praise in Evening's Empire than to criticize. It's true that I couldn't help but be a little disappointed that its early promise of wonder and character depth, sustained through most of the book, didn't resolve with a similar flair and innovation. Yet even if the end doesn't quite measure up to Herter's ambitions, at least he made the effort to break some new ground. And mostly he succeeded." Peter Cannon reviewing for *Publishers Weekly* said, "while the novel's promotional copy compares it with Gene Wolfe's Peace and Charles de Lint's Newford stories, the cop-out ending is not one either of those pros would have chosen. But all the good writing that goes before suggests that Herter should gain the necessary mastery of his craft in due course."

## InfoBox

Evening's Empire
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | David Herter |
| Cover artist | Shelley Eshkar |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Publisher | Tor Books |
| Publication date | June 2002 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Hardcover |
| Pages | 352 |
| ISBN | 978-0-312-87034-8 |
| OCLC | 48966730 |
| Dewey Decimal | 813/.6 21 |
| LC Class | PS3558.E7938 E94 2002 |


title: Valsad–Puri Superfast Express

abstract: The 22909 / 22910 Valsad–Puri Superfast Express is a Superfast Express train belonging to Indian Railways – Western Railway zone that runs between Valsad and Puri in India. It operates as train number 22909 from Valsad to Puri and as train number 22910 in the reverse direction serving the states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha. On 24 January 2019, Second upgraded rake of Western Railway under ‘Project Utkrisht’ with beautiful interiors & many passengers friendly new features was introduced in Valsad–Puri Superfast Express.

text:
# Valsad–Puri Superfast Express

The 22909 / 22910 **Valsad–Puri Superfast Express** is a Superfast Express train belonging to Indian RailwaysWestern Railway zone that runs between Valsad and Puri in India.

It operates as train number 22909 from Valsad to Puri and as train number 22910 in the reverse direction serving the states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha.

On 24 January 2019, Second upgraded rake of Western Railway under **‘Project Utkrisht’** with beautiful interiors & many passengers friendly new features was introduced in Valsad–Puri Superfast Express.

## Coaches

The 22909/22910 Valsad–Puri Superfast Express running with new LHB rake from 28 March 2019 instead of ICF rake which has 2 AC 2 tier, 6 AC 3 tier, 8 Sleeper Class, 4 General Unreserved & 2 EOGs (End On Generation) coaches. It does not carry a pantry car.

As is customary with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.

## Route and halts

The important halts of the train are:

## Traction

Both trains are hauled by a Vadodara Loco Shed or Itarsi Loco Shed-based WAP-7 electric locomotive on its entire journey.

## Reversals

The train reverses its direction two times at;

## Schedule

| Train number | Station code | Departure station | Departure time | Departure day | Arrival station | Arrival time | Arrival day |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 22909 | BL | Valsad | 20:10 PM | Thursday | Puri | 09:30 AM | Saturday |
| 22910 | PURI | Puri | 12:30 AM | Sunday | Valsad | 12:10 PM | Monday |

## Rake sharing

The train shares its rake with 19055/19056 Valsad–Jodhpur Weekly Express.

## InfoBox

Valsad–Puri Superfast Express
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Service type | Superfast Express |
| First service | 12 February 2011 (2011-02-12) |
| Current operator(s) | Western Railway |
| Route | |
| Termini | Valsad (BL)
Puri (PURI) |
| Stops | 24 |
| Distance travelled | 2,065 km (1,283 mi) |
| Average journey time | 37 hours 15 minutes |
| Service frequency | Weekly |
| Train number(s) | 22909 / 22910 |
| On-board services | |
| Class(es) | AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper Class, General Unreserved |
| Seating arrangements | Yes |
| Sleeping arrangements | Yes |
| Catering facilities | On-board catering,
E-catering |
| Observation facilities | Large windows |
| Baggage facilities | Available |
| Other facilities | Below the seats |
| Technical | |
| Rolling stock | LHB coach |
| Track gauge | 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) |
| Operating speed | 130 km/h (81 mph) maximum,
55 km/h (34 mph) average including halts. |
| Route map | |


title: Caine 1

abstract: Edward Glowaski, known as Caine 1, was an American graffiti artist from Woodside, Queens, New York. He was considered king of the 7 line and was known for painting the first whole train in graffiti history.

text:
# Caine 1

**Edward Glowaski**, known as **Caine 1**, was an American graffiti artist from Woodside, Queens, New York. He was considered king of the  line and was known for painting the first whole train in graffiti history.

## Biography

Glowaski began painting graffiti in 1973 and became known for producing complex themed whole cars that incorporated characters. He came up with the tag 'Caine' by corrupting the surname of the movie character Charles Foster Kane. Amongst his most famous train paintings were his *Dick Tracy car*, *Spellbound*, and the *Welcome to Hell car*, which was reputed to have run for a number of years without being painted over by other graffiti artists out of respect. By 1976 Caine 1 was considered king of the 7 line by other New York graffiti artists. Although most of his paintings were executed solo, Caine 1 was a member of The Knight Hawks graffiti crew.

In 1976 Glowaski planned and executed, what was regarded as, the first whole train in graffiti history. The painting was named *The Freedom Train* and was completed to coincide with the United States Bicentennial. Prior to its accomplishment by Caine 1 the whole train, as a concept, was considered to be the apex of what could be achieved by a graffiti writer. Following the subsequent destruction of the artwork by the New York City Transit Authority Caine 1’s whole car gained legendary status as part of the history of New York graffiti.

On 17 November 1977 Glowaski was arrested, alongside three other teenagers, after allegedly grave robbing from two separate cemeteries in Queens, New York. It was believed that the grave robbings had taken place in order to supply human remains to a satanic cult. Skulls were reportedly removed from corpses entombed in the Calvary Cemetery and St. Michael’s Cemetery in order to be sold for $500 each. The four defendants were later charged with possession of stolen property, trespass, and body-stealing. Whilst awaiting trial Glowaski was held under observation at the Kings County Hospital where he became acquainted with and befriended the serial killer David Berkowitz.

In 1978 Caine 1 started to produce graffiti decorated jackets which he termed ‘whole jackets’. Along with fellow graffiti artist PC Kid, Glowaski created a series of ‘Astoria Rocks’ denim jackets that were inspired by the bikers who frequented the Astoria neighbourhood of New York. He also collaborated with the artist Lady Pink in painting backpieces for commissioned jackets.

In 1982 Glowaski had his work exhibited beside Freedom, Iz the Wiz and Lady Pink, among others, at the Graffiti Above Ground gallery in Greenwich Village.

## Death

On the 15 March 1982 *The New York Times* reported that a 24 year old Glowaski had been shot during an attempted burglary and subsequently died in Elmhurst Hospital. The report also named the murdered man as the artist Caine 1, noting that he had recently had his artwork displayed at the Graffiti Above Ground gallery.

The reported version of events that led to Glowaski's death has since been challenged by acquaintances of the artist who claim that, rather than committing a burglary, he was in fact trying to escape an attempted robbery outside a bar. In a 2014 interview Lady Pink stated that prior to his death Glowaski had received death threats from gangs and a satanic cult he had previously been involved in.

## Legacy

Following Glowaski’s death various memorials were created in honour of Caine 1 such as the *Welcome to Hell Memorial Car* by the artist Joey. In 1982 the New York graffiti writer Midg produced the *Caine 1 Free for Eternity* top-to-bottom whole car, an image of which was later used as an epitaph in the book *Subway Art*. In 2010 the memorial was reimagined using a Shakespearean quote and painted as a mural as part of the Subway Art History Project.

An essay written by Caine 1 was used as the preface to Jack Stewart's original study titled *Mass Transit Art Subway Graffiti*. In it, Glowaski outlined a history of New York graffiti beginning with Kilroy Was Here and Taki 183, ending with graffiti's apparent death in 1974. He argued that the crack-down on graffiti adversely effected the aspirations of the working-class graffiti artists.

Various graffiti artists have noted Caine 1 as an influence on their work, including LEE, PC Kid and Gear 1. In 1981 Caine 1 painted a jacket for the photojournalist Martha Cooper which she has since displayed at numerous events. Another jacket that he painted for Lady Pink has been exhibited at various museums including the Phoenix Art Museum.

In 2013 Complex magazine named Caine 1 as number 13 in a list of the 50 greatest New York City graffiti artists. Glowaski’s work was included in the *City as Canvas* exhibition at the Museum of the City of New York in 2014.

Caine 1 appears as a fictional character inhabiting the land of the dead in the monograph *What Do One Million Ja Tags Signify?*

## InfoBox

| Caine 1 | |
| --- | --- |
| Caine 1 during an appearance on WNBC's *Today in New York* hosted by Ponchitta Pierce, 1982 | |
| Born | Edward Glowaski
1958 |
| Died | March 14, 1982 (aged 24)
Corona, Queens, New York |
| Known for | * King of the 7 line * First ever whole train |
| Notable work |  |
| Movement | Graffiti |
|  | |
| Memorial(s) | * *Caine 1 Free for Eternity* (1982) * *Welcome to Heaven* (1982) * *Welcome to Hell Memorial Car* (1982) |
|  | |


title: Enterprise search

abstract: Enterprise search is software technology for searching data sources internal to a company, typically intranet and database content. The search is generally offered only to users internal to the company. Enterprise search can be contrasted with web search, which applies search technology to documents on the open web, and desktop search, which applies search technology to the content on a single computer. Enterprise search systems index data and documents from a variety of sources such as: file systems, intranets, document management systems, e-mail, and databases. Many enterprise search systems integrate structured and unstructured data in their collections. Enterprise search systems also use access controls to enforce a security policy on their users. Enterprise search can be seen as a type of vertical search of an enterprise.

text:
# Enterprise search

**Enterprise search** is software technology for searching data sources internal to a company, typically intranet and database content. The search is generally offered only to users internal to the company. Enterprise search can be contrasted with web search, which applies search technology to documents on the open web, and desktop search, which applies search technology to the content on a single computer.

Enterprise search systems index data and documents from a variety of sources such as: file systems, intranets, document management systems, e-mail, and databases. Many enterprise search systems integrate structured and unstructured data in their collections. Enterprise search systems also use access controls to enforce a security policy on their users.

Enterprise search can be seen as a type of vertical search of an enterprise.

## Components of an enterprise search system

In an enterprise search system, content goes through various phases from source repository to search results:

### Content awareness

Content awareness (or "content collection") is usually either a push or pull model. In the push model, a source system is integrated with the search engine in such a way that it connects to it and pushes new content directly to its APIs. This model is used when real-time indexing is important. In the pull model, the software gathers content from sources using a connector such as a web crawler or a database connector. The connector typically polls the source with certain intervals to look for new, updated or deleted content.

### Content processing and analysis

Content from different sources may have many different formats or document types, such as XML, HTML, Office document formats or plain text. The content processing phase processes the incoming documents to plain text using document filters. It is also often necessary to normalize content in various ways to improve recall or precision. These may include stemming, lemmatization, synonym expansion, entity extraction, part of speech tagging.

As part of processing and analysis, tokenization is applied to split the content into tokens which is the basic matching unit. It is also common to normalize tokens to lower case to provide case-insensitive search, as well as to normalize accents to provide better recall.

### Indexing

The resulting text is stored in an index, which is optimized for quick lookups without storing the full text of the document. The index may contain the dictionary of all unique words in the corpus as well as information about ranking and term frequency.

### Query processing

Using a web page, the user issues a query to the system. The query consists of any terms the user enters as well as navigational actions such as faceting and paging information.

### Matching

The processed query is then compared to the stored index, and the search system returns results (or "hits") referencing source documents that match. Some systems are able to present the document as it was indexed.


title: Dagoretti Santos F.C.

abstract: Santos is a Kenyan professional football club, based in Nairobi, which currently competes in FKF Division One. It competed in the Kenyan National Super League in 2008. The club was known as Dagoretti Green Santos.

text:
# Dagoretti Santos F.C.

**Santos** is a Kenyan professional football club, based in Nairobi, which currently competes in FKF Division One. It competed in the Kenyan National Super League in 2008.

The club was known as **Dagoretti Green Santos**.

## Notable former players

*

## InfoBox

Dagoretti Green Santos
| Full name | Dagoretti Green Santos Football Club |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1980 |
| Ground | Nairobi City Stadium |
| Capacity | 15,000 |
| League | Kenyan National Super League |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Ousmane (film)

abstract: Ousmane is a Canadian short drama film, directed by Jorge Camarotti and released in 2021. The film stars Isaka Sawadogo as Ousmane, a Burkinabé immigrant newly resident in Montreal, who finds his neighbour Édith disoriented in the hall when he is returning home from work. The film was screened for distributors at the Cannes Film Market in July 2021, and had its official premiere at the 2021 Toronto International Film Festival. The film was a Canadian Screen Award nominee for Best Live Action Short Drama at the 10th Canadian Screen Awards, and a Prix Iris nominee for Best Live Action Short Film at the 24th Quebec Cinema Awards.

text:
# Ousmane (film)

***Ousmane*** is a Canadian short drama film, directed by Jorge Camarotti and released in 2021. The film stars Isaka Sawadogo as Ousmane, a Burkinabé immigrant newly resident in Montreal, who finds his neighbour Édith (Marie-Ginette Guay) disoriented in the hall when he is returning home from work.

The film was screened for distributors at the Cannes Film Market in July 2021, and had its official premiere at the 2021 Toronto International Film Festival.

The film was a Canadian Screen Award nominee for Best Live Action Short Drama at the 10th Canadian Screen Awards, and a Prix Iris nominee for Best Live Action Short Film at the 24th Quebec Cinema Awards.

## InfoBox

| Ousmane | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Jorge Camarotti |
| Written by | Jorge Camarotti |
| Produced by | Jorge Camarotti |
| Starring | Isaka Sawadogo<br>Marie-Ginette Guay |
| Cinematography | Nicolas Canniccioni |
| Edited by | Jorge Camarotti |
| Distributed by | Spira |
| Release date | * September 11, 2021 (2021-09-11) (TIFF) |
| Running time | 25 minutes |
| Country | Canada |
| Language | French |


title: Otar Japaridze

abstract: Otar Japaridze is a Georgian former competitive ice dancer. With former partner Allison Reed, he represented Georgia at the 2010 Winter Olympics. He later skated with Angelina Telegina.

text:
# Otar Japaridze

**Otar Japaridze** (Georgian: ოთარ ჯაფარიძე; born December 23, 1987) is a Georgian former competitive ice dancer. With former partner Allison Reed, he represented Georgia at the 2010 Winter Olympics. He later skated with Angelina Telegina.

## Personal life

Otar Japaridze was born in Tbilisi, Georgian SSR, Soviet Union. His father, Irakli Japaridze, is the president of the Georgian Figure Skating Federation.

## Career

Japaridze competed in single skating until the age of 15 and then switched to ice dancing. From 2002 through 2004, he competed with Marina Sheltsina. They were the 2004 Georgian national champions.

From 2005 through 2007, Japaridze competed with Russian-born Ekaterina Zaikina for Georgia. They competed twice at the World Junior Championships.

In the 2007–2008 season, Japaridze competed with American ice dancer Isabella Tobias for Georgia.

In May 2009, Japaridze teamed up with American Allison Reed to compete for Georgia; they trained in Mount Laurel, New Jersey with coach and choreographer Evgeni Platov. At the 2009 Nebelhorn Trophy, they qualified a spot for Georgia for the 2010 Winter Olympics. Reed received a Georgian passport in January 2010, allowing them to compete at the 2010 Winter Olympics. Reed and Japaridze split following the 2010-11 season.

In February 2012, Japaridze teamed up with Russian ice dancer Angelina Telegina to compete for Georgia.

## Programs

### With Telegina

| Season | Short dance | Free dance |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2013–14
 | * Quickstep: Show Me How You Burlesque
(from "Burlesque")
by Christina Aguilera * Foxtrot: Fever
by Beyoncé * Quickstep: Show Me How You Burlesque
(from "Burlesque")
by Christina Aguilera |  |
| 2012–13
 | * Schei-we-dei-wi-du
by Die Mayrhofner |  |

### With Reed

| Season | Short dance | Free dance |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2010–11
 |  | * The Messiah Will Come Again
by Gary Moore * Oh Pretty Woman
by Gary Moore |
|  | Original dance |  |
| 2009–10
 | Georgian folk dance: * Bukinagari * Iloumi | * Crusaders of the Light
by Yoav Goren * Preliator
by Yoav Goren |

### With Tobias

| Season | Original dance | Free dance |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2007–08
 | * Two Guitars
performed by Zoltan and his Gypsy Ensemble * Dark Eyes
performed by Bigrock Balalaikas |  |

### With Zaikina

| Season | Original dance | Free dance |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2006–07
 |  | * Georgian folk music |
| 2005–06
 |  | * Georgian folk music |

### With Sheltsina

| Season | Original dance | Free dance |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2004–05
 | * Charleston * Slow foxtrot * Quickstep | * Georgian folk music |
| 2003–04
 | * Summertime
by Sam Taylor * Hound Dog |  |

## Results

*JGP: Junior Grand Prix*

### With Telegina

| International | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Event | 2012–13 | 2013–14 |
| World Champ. |  | 31st |
| European Champ. | 20th | 27th |
| Golden Spin of Zagreb | 12th |  |
| Nebelhorn Trophy |  | 11th |
| Ondrej Nepela Memorial | 9th |  |
| Ukrainian Open |  | 4th |
| U.S. Classic |  | 11th |

### With Reed

| International | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Event | 2009–10 | 2010–11 |
| Winter Olympics | 22nd |  |
| World Champ. | 21st | 18th |
| European Champ. | 19th | 17th |
| Golden Spin of Zagreb |  | 4th |
| Ice Challenge |  | 2nd |
| Nebelhorn Trophy | 12th |  |
| Pavel Roman Memorial | 9th |  |

### With Tobias

| International | |
| --- | --- |
| Event | 2007–08 |
| World Junior Championships | 14th |
| JGP Germany | 7th |
| JGP United Kingdom | 6th |

### With Zaikina

| International | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Event | 2005–06 | 2006–07 |
| World Junior Champ. | 21st | 16th |
| JGP Netherlands |  | 7th |
| JGP Romania |  | 4th |

### With Sheltsina

| International | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Event | 2002–03 | 2003–04 |
| World Junior Champ. |  | 21st |
| JGP Croatia |  | 12th |
| JGP Slovenia |  | 14th |
| National | | |
| Georgian Figure Skating Championships | 2nd | 1st |

## InfoBox

| Otar Japaridze | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1987-12-23) December 23, 1987
Tbilisi, Georgian SSR, Soviet Union |
| Height | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) |
| Figure skating career | |
| Country | Georgia |
| Partner | **Angelina Telegina** |
| Coach | Evgeni Platov |
| Skating club | Dinamo Tbilisi |
| Began skating | 1993 |


title: Dalekie, Pomeranian Voivodeship

abstract: Dalekie is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Tuchomie, within Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Tuchomie, 14 km (9 mi) west of Bytów, and 92 km (57 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk. For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

text:
# Dalekie, Pomeranian Voivodeship

**Dalekie** \[daˈlɛkʲɛ\] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Tuchomie, within Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Tuchomie, 14 km (9 mi) west of Bytów, and 92 km (57 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

54°5′21″N 17°18′34″E / 54.08917°N 17.30944°E / 54.08917; 17.30944

## InfoBox

| Dalekie | |
| --- | --- |
| Settlement | |
| Dalekie | |
| Coordinates: 54°5′21″N 17°18′34″E / 54.08917°N 17.30944°E / 54.08917; 17.30944 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Pomeranian |
| County | Bytów |
| Gmina | Tuchomie |


title: Daisy Bannard Cogley

abstract: Daisy "Toto" Bannard Cogley was a French-born Irish theatre actress, director, producer and designer. A socialist, she was active in the Irish War of Independence from 1917, and was interned during the Irish Civil War. She was an active figure on Dublin's theatrical scene for decades, as well as in Wexford and for a time London, launching multiple theatre and cabaret studios, and she was a co-founder of one of Dublin's main theatres, the Gate, of which she remained a director from 1928 to her death.

text:
# Daisy Bannard Cogley

**Daisy** "**Toto**" **Bannard Cogley** (born **Jeanne Marie Desirée Bannard**; 5 May 1884 – 8 September 1965) was a French-born Irish theatre actress, director, producer and designer. A socialist, she was active in the Irish War of Independence from 1917, and was interned during the Irish Civil War. She was an active figure on Dublin's theatrical scene for decades, as well as in Wexford and for a time London, launching multiple theatre and cabaret studios, and she was a co-founder of one of Dublin's main theatres, the Gate, of which she remained a director from 1928 to her death.

## Life

### Early life

Daisy Bannard Cogley was born Jeanne Marie (rendered in English as Johanna Mary) Desirée Bannard in Paris, France, on 5 May 1884. Her father, Thomas Bannard, was French and worked as a coachman. Her mother, Mary Furlong, was from County Wexford.

Bannard studied at the Sorbonne, studying acting and vocals at the Comédie-Française in Paris, and also at the Conservatoire de Paris in the very early 20th century. She then secured a job with the Theatre Antoine, and toured in provincial France. Some sources state that she was performing in Chile when she met Irish journalist Fred J. Cogley in Santiago while other sources state that she met Fred while on holiday in his native Wexford, and her mother's disapproval of their relationship led to them organising a reunion in Santiago. They married there in 1909 and their first child, called in English Mitchel, was born there in 1910.

Bannard Cogley worked to establish the Wexford Opera Society 3–4 years before World War I, and the family moved to Ireland in 1914 or at least by 1917. Bannard Cogley variously referred to herself as Nóinín (Irish for Daisy) as well as the stage name Helen Carter when she acted in Edward Martyn's Irish Theatre Company on Hardwicke Street.

### Early theatrical career and political activity

On arrival in Ireland, Toto or Madame Bannard, as she was generally known, pursued theatrical work, and Fred secured a job at the *Independent* newspaper, while some sources state that the Cogleys became involved in the campaign for Irish independence immediately. Bannard Cogley took part in a 1914 tableau by the Irish Women's Franchise League entitled the *Daffodil Fete*, that was staged at Molesworth Hall in Dublin on 25 April, and in which she played the part of Sappho. She worked with the Dublin Drama League, and the Hardwicke Street Theatre Company, with whom she performed as Madame Ranevesky to good reviews, in the first Irish staging of Chekov's *The Cherry Orchard* as directed by John MacDonagh in 1919. During this period she acted in at least three Irish productions, with Joseph Holloway describing her as an actor "with temperament and abandon, not afraid to let herself go". One source states that both of the Cogleys were at one point imprisoned simultaneously by the British authorities, with Bannard Cogley arranging plays even in jail, and sworn witnessed records mention involvement with Republican activities from 1917 onwards, storing arms and ammunition, passing messages and providing shelter to colleagues on the run. In later periods of the War of Independence, and into the Civil War period, Bannard Cogley was involved in the production of a Republican bulletin.

Bannard Cogley played with the Queen's Theatre in Dublin, and the Wexford Opera Society. She also founded the Little Theatre on Harcourt Street in Dublin in the later 1910s. This theatre hosted performances from a number of Irish playwrights and sets designed by artists including Art O'Murnaghan. She directed a production of Dorothy Macardle's *Asthara* in 1918, the first professional production of a play by Macardle.

Both Bannard Cogley and her husband were against the Irish Treaty and were interned at the same time during the Irish Civil War in Mountjoy and Kilmainham. Detained at the Sinn Fein offices on Suffolk Street in November 1922, Bannard Cogley's worries for her children while she was held were recorded by Rosamund Jacob. She was released in the early summer of 1923 upon agreeing to conditions which included curtailing her political activities. In 1923, Cogley attended the international Red Cross Conference in Geneva as one of two members of the Irish Republican delegation, attempting to raise the treatment of Republican prisoners. With an objection by a UK delegate, stating that the Irish Red Cross had enough powers to deal with the question locally, the question was not taken up. Bannard Cogley also performed in benefits to raise funds for St. Ultan's Children's Hospital and the Irish Republican Prisoners' Defense Funds. Despite her release agreement of 1923, she was present to greet Eamon de Valera in a private home when he was released in July 1924.

### The Radical Club and Harry Kernoff

Bannard Cogley was associated with the short-lived Radical Club, becoming close friends with artist Harry Kernoff. Kernoff introduced her to wider communist and socialist circles in Ireland, and produced several portraits of her including a study in 1930. Bannard Cogley began her cabaret evenings as part of the Cabaret Committee of the Radical Club.

Between 1928 and 1929, Bannard Cogley was involved as stage manager and in costuming for a number of productions in the Peacock Theatre.

### Cabaret

Bannard Cogley's cabarets were initially exclusively part of the events of the Radical Club but later, after some members became disgruntled that the cabaret was dominating the Club's meetings and events, Bannard Cogley started to hold her cabarets independently. They were held throughout the late 1920s and early 1930s in the basement of 41 Harcourt Street and continued to thrive after the Radical Club became defunct. As a private members' club, performances were not subject to the same level of censorship or scrutiny as public performances would have been. As the success of the cabarets continued, the venue was moved to 7 South William Street. Elaine Sisson stresses that Bannard Cogley's cabaret would not have been comparable to the more hedonistic scene found in the Kit-Kat Club or the Tingel Tangel, but that for the cultural landscape of the post-Civil War Irish Free State, it was a more permissive and experimental expressive performance space. Among others who frequently attended her cabaret club were Blanaid Salkeld, Con Leventhal and Samuel Beckett. She was a prominent member of the Dublin Theatre Group.

### The Gate

Bannard Cogley was one of the four founders of the Gate Theatre Studio, later simply the Gate Theatre, alongside Hilton Edwards, Michéal Mac Liammóir, and Gearóid Ó Lochlainn in 1928. She and Ó Lochlainn had been discussing finding a more permanent theatre space when they met Edwards and Mac Liammóir (a long-term friend of hers), along with some mutual friends, in Bannard Cogley's club at 7 Harcourt Street, in spring 1928. After further meetings, the quartet rented the Peacock stage of the Abbey Theatre and launched the Gate Theatre Studio there on 14 October 1928. Bannard Cogley's cabaret brought the Gate its initial membership list of 400 people. She also acted in the inaugural show of the Gate, *Peer Gynt* by Ibsen, in October 1928, and many other early plays of the new theatre, as well as participating in costume making. Her Harcourt Street club also hosted most early Gate rehearsals, including that of *Faust* when the theatre moved to its long-term home on Cavendish Row.

Bannard Cogley also mounted productions at her Studio Theatre Club, on Upper Mount Street, such as Teresa Deevy's *Wife to James Whelan* in 1956. Notably, this theatre was also referred to as Madame Cogley's Studio Theatre and occasionally operated from the Gate Theatre throughout the 1940s. She was less active in the operations of the Gate in later years, though she remained one of three directors-for-life of the theatre's holding company, joined later by the main source of finance for the theatre over many decades, Lord Longford, and Louis Jamet. She was involved in a critical meeting in 1961, when the theatre was in severe financial danger - the meeting resolved long-standing splits within the Gate's structures, committed to future operations, and co-opted Desmond Guinness as a new director.

### London

Bannard Cogley's cabaret closed after she moved to London in the 1930s, frustrated with the increasingly conservative culture under de Valera, opening the Green Curtain Theatre Club there. The Green Curtain, a small scale theatre in Hampstead which ran a Sunday play weekly, and where she worked with George Roberts on many productions, put on many Irish plays. She returned to Dublin in the early 1940s due to World War II, moving back permanently after her husband's death in 1949. She opened a new cabaret theatre in Harcourt Street. She then opened the Studio Theatre, dedicated to the production of "unusual plays", in a basement at 43 Upper Mount Street, and ran it until failing eyesight curtailed her activities. Collaborators there included Anna Manahan, Louis Lentin and Genevieve Lyons.

### Family and later life

Bannard Cogley had two sons with her husband, Mitchel Victor (19101991) and Fergus Thomas. Mitchel was a sports journalist, while Fergus was an actor and participated in some of his mother's theatrical activities, including helping open the post-World War II Studio Theatre Club and acting in a play about a war between Ireland and a Northern Ireland from which the UK had withdrawn.

Bannard Cogley died at Mercer's Hospital, Dublin, 8 September 1965. In her obituary in the *Irish Press* and in some other references, her name was rendered as Johanna Mary Cogley. Her grandson was RTÉ broadcaster, Fred Cogley, Mitchel's son, and his son in turn was also a reporter, Niall. Although she had stated in 1955 that she was writing "my reminiscences of Ireland and the Irish theatre and all my friends", unlike many of her contemporaries Bannard Cogley did not actually publish a memoir or a collection of personal papers.

## InfoBox

| Daisy Bannard Cogley | |
| --- | --- |
| Detail of Cogley from a Harry Kernoff sketch | |
| Born | Jeanne Marie Desirée Bannard
5 May 1884
Paris, France |
| Died | (1965-09-08)8 September 1965
Dublin, Ireland |
| Known for | stage acting, directing, producing, and costume and theatre design |
| Spouse | Frederick Joseph Cogley  (m. 1909; died 1937) |


title: Otis, Iowa

abstract: Otis is an area in the city of Cedar Rapids in Linn County, Iowa, United States.

text:
# Otis, Iowa

**Otis** is an area in the city of Cedar Rapids in Linn County, Iowa, United States.

## History

The community was named for Harrison Gray Otis, a Massachusetts politician.

## InfoBox

| Otis, Iowa | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighborhood | |
| OtisOtis | |
| Coordinates: 41°57′05″N 91°37′24″W / 41.95139°N 91.62333°W / 41.95139; -91.62333 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Iowa |
| County | Linn |
| City | Cedar Rapids |
| Elevation | 758 ft (231 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 319 |
| GNIS feature ID | 464186 |


title: Otiria

abstract: Otiria is a rural locality in the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It neighbours Moerewa to the east, with the nearest major town, Kawakawa a few kilometres further eastwards. Other nearby localities include Pokapu to the south, Orauta to the west, and Hupara to the north. The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "place of planting" for Ōtiria.

text:
# Otiria

**Otiria** is a rural locality in the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It neighbours Moerewa to the east, with the nearest major town, Kawakawa a few kilometres further eastwards. Other nearby localities include Pokapu to the south, Orauta to the west, and Hupara to the north.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "place of planting" for *Ōtiria*.

## Education

Otiria used to have a primary school. It was closed in 2005 and students were transferred to Moerewa School.

## Transportation

Otiria is situated just off State Highway 1.

Otiria is the northernmost operational point of the national railway network. It is the terminus of the North Auckland Line, although a disused siding extends into Moerewa. Otiria railway station (closed in 1993) was a railway junction until the mid-1980s. The Opua Branch section of the North Auckland Line ran northeast to Kawakawa and Opua, while the Okaihau Branch ran northwest to Kaikohe and Ōkaihau. The railway through Otiria was built in the early 20th century to connect Opua and Kawakawa with Whangārei; the through route opened on 13 April 1911. This was quickly followed by the commencement of work on the Okaihau Branch from Otiria; it opened to Kaikohe in May 1914 and Ōkaihau in October 1923.

In December 1925, passenger trains offering direct service to and from Auckland began running through Otiria. This was initially the Northland Express between Auckland and Opua, with carriages for Ōkaihau detached in Otiria. It was cancelled in November 1956 and replaced by 88 seater railcars that ran between Auckland and Ōkaihau. Due to declining patronage and the poor reliability of the railcars, this service ended in July 1967. Mixed trains to Whangarei continued to operate; the final passenger service through Otiria ran on 18 June 1976. The line from Otiria to Opua ceased to be used in 1985, and when the Okaihau Branch closed on 1 November 1987, Otiria became the northernmost locality served by rail in New Zealand. In 2007, one freight train was timetabled to operate every weekday each way between Otiria and Whangarei. The line was mothballed in August 2016. As of March, 2019, a possible re-opening of all or part of the Whangarei to Otiria line for freight only is under consideration. In January 2020 the Government announced the reopening and building of a container terminal as part of a $109.7 million investment in Northland rail.

### Bibliography

* Churchman, Geoffrey B; Hurst, Tony (2001) \[1990, 1991\]. *The Railways of New Zealand: A Journey through History* (Second ed.). Transpress New Zealand. ISBN 0-908876-20-3.

35°23′54″S 174°00′01″E / 35.39833°S 174.00028°E / -35.39833; 174.00028

## InfoBox

| Otiria | |
| --- | --- |
| Otiria Junction showing railway yards, the railway station, and several trains, 1930s | |
| Otiria | |
| Coordinates: 35°23′54″S 174°0′1″E / 35.39833°S 174.00028°E / -35.39833; 174.00028 | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Region | Northland Region |
| District | Far North District |
| Postcode | 0281 |


title: Oxycanus dives

abstract: Oxycanus dives is a moth of the family Hepialidae. It is found in New Guinea.

text:
# Oxycanus dives

***Oxycanus dives*** is a moth of the family Hepialidae. It is found in New Guinea.

## InfoBox

| *Oxycanus dives* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Hepialidae |
| Genus: | *Oxycanus* |
| Species: | ***O. dives*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oxycanus dives***<br>Tindale, 1955 | |
|


title: Oxycanus glauerti

abstract: Oxycanus glauerti is a moth of the family Hepialidae. It is found in Western Australia.

text:
# Oxycanus glauerti

***Oxycanus glauerti*** is a moth of the family Hepialidae. It is found in Western Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Oxycanus glauerti* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Hepialidae |
| Genus: | *Oxycanus* |
| Species: | ***O. glauerti*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oxycanus glauerti***<br>Tindale, 1955 | |
|


title: Our Army at War

abstract: Our Army at War is an American comic book anthology published by DC Comics that featured war-themed stories and featured the first appearances of Sgt. Rock and Enemy Ace. The series was published from August 1952 to February 1977, then was renamed Sgt. Rock in March 1977, continuing the numbering sequence of Our Army at War.

text:
# Our Army at War

***Our Army at War*** is an American comic book anthology published by DC Comics that featured war-themed stories and featured the first appearances of Sgt. Rock and Enemy Ace. The series was published from August 1952 to February 1977, then was renamed *Sgt. Rock* in March 1977, continuing the numbering sequence of *Our Army at War*.

## Publication history

*Our Army at War* was launched in August 1952 as part of a wave of war comics. The stories were often followed by tag lines such as "Explosive Battle Action". One of the main characters was Sgt. Rock, who appeared in #81 (April 1959) as Sgt. Rocky along with his team, Easy Company. The character got his final name in issue #83. Writer Robert Kanigher and artist Joe Kubert introduced Enemy Ace in #151 (February 1965). Artist Neal Adams made his DC Comics debut with the story "It's My Turn to Die", written by Howard Liss, in issue #182 (July 1967). Writer/artist Sam Glanzman began his series of biographical war stories about his service aboard the U.S.S. Stevens in issue #218 (April 1970). Three issues of the series, #242 (February 1972), #269 (June 1974), and #275 (December 1974), were published in the 100 Page Super Spectacular format. The series' title was changed to *Sgt. Rock* with issue #302 (March 1977). An *Our Army at War* one-shot was published in November 2010.

## Collected editions

* ***Showcase Presents: Our Army at War*** collects *Our Army at War* #120, 512 pages, December 2010, ISBN 1-4012-2942-5
* ***America at War*** includes *Our Army at War* #67: "Push-Button War" by France Herron and John Severin; #83: "The Rock and the Wall!" by Robert Kanigher and Joe Kubert; #160: "What's the Color of Your Blood?" by Kanigher and Kubert; #235: "The Glory Boys" by Kanigher and Alex Toth; #233: "Head-Count" by Kanigher and Kubert; and #235: "Kamikaze" by Sam Glanzman, 247 pages, July 1979, ISBN 978-0671249533
* ***Sgt. Rock Archives***
* ***Showcase Presents: Sgt. Rock***
    + *Volume 1* collects *Our Army at War* #81117, 544 pages, November 2007, ISBN 978-1-4012-1713-6
    + *Volume 2* collects *Our Army at War* #118148, 544 pages, November 2008, ISBN 1-4012-1984-5
    + *Volume 3* collects *Our Army at War* #149180, 512 pages, August 2010, ISBN 1-4012-2771-6
    + *Volume 4* collects *Our Army at War* #181216, 520 pages, February 2013, ISBN 1-4012-3811-4
* ***DC Universe Illustrated by Neal Adams*** Vol. 1 includes *Our Army at War* #182: "It's My Turn to Die" and *Our Army at War* #183: "Invisible Sniper" both by Howard Liss and Neal Adams; *Our Army at War* #186: "My Life for a Medal" by Hank Chapman and Adams; and *Our Army at War* #240: "Another Time Another Place" by Bob Haney and Adams, 192 pages, January 2009, ISBN 1-4012-1917-9
* ***U.S.S. Stevens: The Collected Stories*** includes "U.S.S. Stevens" stories from *Our Army at War* #218, 220, 222–223, 225, 227, 230–232, 235, 238, 240–242, 244–245, 247–248, 256–259, 261–262, 265–267, 269, 275, 281–282, 284, 293, 298, 424 pages, July 2016, ISBN 978-0486801582

## InfoBox

| *Our Army at War* | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover to *Our Army at War* #1 (August 1952), art by Carmine Infantino and Joe Giella. | |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | DC Comics |
| Schedule | Monthly |
| Format | Ongoing series |
| Genre |  |
| Publication date | August 1952 – February 1977 |
| No. of issues | 301 |
| Main character(s) | Sgt. Rock and Easy Company |
| Creative team | |
| Written by | List |
| Penciller(s) | List |
| Inker(s) | Mike Esposito |
| Editor(s) | List * Robert Kanigher (#1–193)<br>Joe Kubert (#194–301) |


title: Dahira klaudiae

abstract: Dahira klaudiae is a moth of the family Sphingidae which is endemic to China. The forewing length is 27–31 millimetres (1.1–1.2 in). It is very similar to Dahira yunnanfuana but distinguishable by the reddish-brown rather than greyish-brown ground colour of the hindwing upperside.

text:
# Dahira klaudiae

***Dahira klaudiae*** is a moth of the family Sphingidae which is endemic to China.

The forewing length is 27–31 millimetres (1.1–1.2 in). It is very similar to *Dahira yunnanfuana* but distinguishable by the reddish-brown rather than greyish-brown ground colour of the hindwing upperside.

## InfoBox

| *Dahira klaudiae* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Male | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Sphingidae |
| Genus: | *Dahira* |
| Species: | ***D. klaudiae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dahira klaudiae***<br>Brechlin, Melichar & Haxaire, 2006 | |
|


title: Dahira marisae

abstract: Dahira marisae is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Bhutan.

text:
# Dahira marisae

***Dahira marisae*** is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Bhutan.

## InfoBox

| *Dahira marisae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Sphingidae |
| Genus: | *Dahira* |
| Species: | ***D. marisae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dahira marisae***<br>Schnitzler & Stüning, 2009 | |
|


title: Dalva de Oliveira

abstract: Dalva de Oliveira or Vicentina de Paula Oliveira was a Brazilian singer and one of "divas" of the "Radio Era." Her greatest hits included "Segredo" (Secret) (1947), "Tudo acabado" (1950), "Ave Maria" (1950), and "Teus olhos verdes" (1961). In addition, she recorded frequently with her son Pery Ribeiro, from her marriage with composer Herivelto Martins. She died from internal bleeding, probably caused by cancer.

text:
# Dalva de Oliveira

**Dalva de Oliveira** or **Vicentina de Paula Oliveira** (May 5, 1917  August 31, 1972) was a Brazilian singer and one of "divas" of the "Radio Era." Her greatest hits included "Segredo" (Secret) (1947), "Tudo acabado" (It's All Over) (1950), "Ave Maria" (1950), and "Teus olhos verdes" (Your Green Eyes) (1961). In addition, she recorded frequently with her son Pery Ribeiro, from her marriage with composer Herivelto Martins. She died from internal bleeding, probably caused by cancer.

## Life and career

De Oliveira was born in Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil. Her father was a carpenter and semi-professional musician, playing clarinet and saxophone with a group called Os Oito Batutas (the Eight Batons). He died when Dalva was just eight years old, and, as a result, Dalva and her three sisters were placed into an orphanage, where Dalva remained for three years. At the orphanage, Dalva learned to play piano and organ, as well as choral singing. De Oliveira left the orphanage due to an illness, and went to live with her mother in the city of São Paulo.

In 1933, while still a teenager, de Oliveira began working as a singer, touring (together with her mother) with a group led by Antônio Zovetti. Thereafter, de Oliveira spent a year as a regularly featured singer on Rádio Mineira in the state of Minas Gerais. Hoping to achieve success on a larger stage, de Oliveira and her mother moved to Rio de Janeiro. At first, de Oliveira had to work in a factory, while her mother worked as a cleaning woman. In 1936, however, she was hired by Rádio Mayrink Veiga, the most powerful broadcaster in Rio at that time.

De Oliveira began working with Herivelto Martins and Francisco Sena, whose singing duo Preto e Branco (Black and White) was already popular. In 1936, de Oliveira and Martins married. The three renamed the group Trio de Ouro (Golden Trio). The trio performed and recorded together until 1948. In 1949, de Oliveira separated from Martins. The couple's separation and divorce was prolonged, bitter, and public. Their dispute and mutual accusations were featured not only in press coverage, but in the lyrics of songs recorded by each of them. When she left Martins, one part of the public viewed de Oliveira as a fallen woman; another part, as a rebel and hero. De Oliveira was quoted as saying: "I had everything: a home, husband, children, career, and I left that security in order to gain my freedom, to regain myself as a woman." Author Maria Hupfer wrote of her: "Dalva became the idol of the prostitutes, mistresses, and homosexuals, and was excoriated by housewives and family men."

## Death

She died of internal bleeding because of cancer in her esophagus.

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Dalva de Oliveira | |
| --- | --- |
| Dalva de Oliveira (right) in the TV program *Discoteca do Chacrinha*, 1965 | |
| Background information | |
| Also known as | Vicentina de Paula Oliveira |
| Born | (1917-05-05)May 5, 1917<br>Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil |
| Died | August 31, 1972(1972-08-31) (aged 55) |
| Formerly of | Trio de Ouro |
| Spouse | Herivelto Martins  (m. 1936; sep. 1949) |


title: Ouzeri

abstract:
An ouzeri is a type of Greek tavern which serves ouzo and mezedes. Ouzeris are found in all cities and towns around Greece. The meals are prepared in the restaurant, unlike in the traditional kafenio. Among these are also meat-based and fish-based meals, again in contrast to a kafenio. An ouzeri is alternatively called a tsipouradiko, mezedopolio or ouzopolio. On the menu, one may find the following options:
  - various types of cheese, such as feta, kefalotyri and graviera;
  - vegetables and salads, such as olives, tzatziki and Greek salad;
  - preprepared meals like dolmades and broad beans from the oven;
  - marinated, broiled and boiled meat and fish dishes like souvlaki, mussels, sardines, anchovies and pastirme. A plate with a variety of small such dishes is called a pikilia. Traditionally, the ouzo is sipped slowly, often with water or ice, and taken alongside mezedes during the course of a few hours in the afternoon.

text:
# Ouzeri

An **ouzeri** (Greek *ουζερί* IPA: \[uzeˈri\]) is a type of Greek tavern which serves ouzo (a Greek liquor) and mezedes (small finger foods).

Ouzeris are found in all cities and towns around Greece. The meals are prepared in the restaurant, unlike in the traditional kafenio. Among these are also meat-based and fish-based meals, again in contrast to a kafenio. An ouzeri is alternatively called a *tsipouradiko*, *mezedopolio* or *ouzopolio*.

On the menu, one may find the following options:

* various types of cheese, such as feta, kefalotyri and graviera;
* vegetables and salads, such as olives, tzatziki and Greek salad;
* preprepared meals like dolmades and broad beans from the oven;
* marinated, broiled and boiled meat and fish dishes like souvlaki, mussels, sardines, anchovies and pastirme.

A plate with a variety of small such dishes is called a *pikilia* (Greek *ποικιλία*). Traditionally, the ouzo is sipped slowly, often with water or ice, and taken alongside mezedes during the course of a few hours in the afternoon.

## Sources

* John Freely. *Strolling through Athens: fourteen unforgettable walks through Europe's oldest city*. Tauris Parke Paperbacks, 2004 ISBN 1-85043-595-2, ISBN 978-1-85043-595-2

## Further reading