title: Shiladitya of Malwa

abstract: Shiladitya of "Mo-la-po" was a 6th-century king of India, known only from the writings of the 7th-century Chinese traveler Xuanzang. Several modern scholars identify this king as the Maitraka king Shiladitya I alias Dharmaditya, although alternative theories exist.

text:
# Shiladitya of Malwa

**Shiladitya** of "Mo-la-po" (identified as Malwa) was a 6th-century king of India, known only from the writings of the 7th-century Chinese traveler Xuanzang. Several modern scholars identify this king as the Maitraka king Shiladitya I alias Dharmaditya, although alternative theories exist.

## Xuanzang's description

Xuanzang, who visited India during c. 630-644, states that Shiladitya ruled Mo-la-po 60 years before his time. He states that Mo-la-po was located north-west of Po-lu-kie-ch'e-p'o (Bharukachchha). Modern scholars generally identify "Mo-la-po" with Malwa, specifically western or southern Malwa. However, scholars believe that Xuanzang's accounts of Vikramaditya Yashodharman and Shiladitya are actually reversed, and that qualities and description below are actually attributed to Vikramaditya Yashodharman.

Xuanzang states that his information about Shiladitya was derived from the local records. Shiladitya ruled for over 50 years, and was a man of great administrative and intellectual ability. He was caring towards his subjects, ministers, and wives. He practiced non-violence towards all, including animals. He even cared about the life of insects, and ensured that the water given to his horses and elephants was filtered to remove any insects.

Shiladitya built a highly ornamental Buddhist monastery (*vihara*) beside his palace, and installed the images of the seven Buddhas in it. Every year, he organized an assembly called *Moksha mahaparishad*, inviting priests and making generous donations to them.

Xuanzang states that the king's subjects loved him, and even 60 years later - during Xuanzang's time - people revered him. He describes the contemporary king Tu-lo-po-po-ta (Dhruva-bhata) of Fa-la-pi (Valabhi) as a nephew of Shiladitya.

## Identification

One theory identifies Xuanzang's Shiladitya as Shiladitya I alias Dharmaditya, the Maitraka king of Vallabhi. Xuanzang states that Dhruva-bhata ("Tu-lo-po-po-ta"), the contemporary Maitraka king of Vallabhi ("Fa-la-pi"), was a nephew of Shiladitya. Although Shiladitya ruled from Valabhi, his rule apparently extended up to western Malwa, because of which Xuanzang describes him as the ruler of Malwa. Malwa and Vallabhi were likely part of a single Maitraka-ruled kingdom, but Xuanzang may have described them as independent kingdoms because of confusion. According to historian B.P. Sinha, "Mo-la-po" did not refer, but to "Malavaka", a part of present-day Gujarat; the name "Malavaka" appears as the name of a region in the inscriptions of the Maitraka king Dhruva-sena II.

Shiladitya's known dates are 606 CE and 612 CE, and his father Dhara-sena ruled at least until 589 CE. These dates do not align with Xuanzang's statement that Shiladitya ruled 60 years before his own time. The proponents of this theor argue that Xuanzang's statement should not be taken literally.

Historian Radha Kumud Mukherjee identified Shiladitya as a son of the Aulikara king Yashodharman.


title: Judith Flanagan Kennedy

abstract: Judith Flanagan Kennedy was the 56th mayor of Lynn, Massachusetts. She had previously served as a member of the Lynn School Committee from 1991 to 1997 and had been a councilor-at-large from 1997 to 2009. She launched a write-in campaign for mayor after the death of candidate Patrick J. McManus. She defeated incumbent Edward J. Clancy Jr. on November 3, 2009; 8,043 votes to 8,016. She was Lynn's first female mayor. In 2013 she was elected to a second four-year term. She was defeated in the 2017 election by Democratic state senator Thomas M. McGee.

text:
# Judith Flanagan Kennedy

**Judith Flanagan Kennedy** was the 56th mayor of Lynn, Massachusetts. She had previously served as a member of the Lynn School Committee from 1991 to 1997 and had been a councilor-at-large from 1997 to 2009. She launched a write-in campaign for mayor after the death of candidate Patrick J. McManus. She defeated incumbent Edward J. Clancy Jr. on November 3, 2009; 8,043 votes to 8,016. She was Lynn's first female mayor. In 2013 she was elected to a second four-year term. She was defeated in the 2017 election by Democratic state senator Thomas M. McGee.

## Election history

### 2009 Lynn mayoral election

Primary election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Nonpartisan | Judith Flanagan Kennedy (write-in) | 3,235 | 46.37 |  |
|  | Nonpartisan | Edward J. Clancy Jr. | 3,024 | 43.34 |  |
|  | Nonpartisan | David M. Rohnstock | 664 | 9.52 |  |
|  | Write-in | Write-in | 54 | 0.77 |  |
| Turnout | | |  |  |  |

Source: *City of Lynn September 2009 primary voting results*

General election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Nonpartisan | Judith Flanagan Kennedy | 8,043 | 49.94 |  |
|  | Nonpartisan | Edward J. Clancy Jr. | 8,016 | 49.78 |  |
|  | Write-in | Write-in | 45 | 0.28 |  |
| Turnout | | | 16,104 | 33.1 |  |

Source: *City of Lynn November 2009 voting results*  1. http://www.itemlive.com/articles/2009/11/04/news/news01.txt%5B%5D
2. "McGee Elected Mayor of Lynn – Lynn Journal".

## InfoBox

| **Judith Flanagan Kennedy** | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 56th Mayor of Lynn, Massachusetts | |
| **In office**<br>January 4, 2010  January 3, 2018 | |
| Preceded by | Edward J. Clancy Jr. |
| Succeeded by | Thomas M. McGee |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Nationality | American |
| Political party | Republican |
| Residence | Lynn, Massachusetts |
| Profession | Attorney |
|  | |


title: Slovenia at the 2004 Summer Paralympics

text:
# Slovenia at the 2004 Summer Paralympics

Slovenia competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens, Greece. The team included 28 athletes, 14 men and 14 women. Competitors from Slovenia won 4 medals, including 1 gold, 2 silver and 1 bronze to finish 49th in the medal table.

## Medallists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Gold | Mateja Pintar | Table tennis | Women's individual Class 3 |
| Silver | Tatjana Majcen | Athletics | Women's javelin throw F54/55 |
| Silver | Franc Pinter | Shooting | Men's 10 m air rifle standing SH1 |
| Bronze | Tatjana Majcen | Athletics | Women's shot put F54/55 |

## Sports

### Athletics

#### Men's track

| Athlete | Class | Event | Heats | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Marko Sever | T54 | 1500 m | 3:10.89 | 29 | did not advance | | | |
| | | Marathon |  | | | | 1:43:41 | 20 |

#### Men's field

| Athlete | Class | Event | Final | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Result | Points | Rank |
| Janez Hudej | F54 | Discus | 23.31 |  | 6 |
| | | Shot put | 8.77 |  | 4 |

#### Women's field

| Athlete | Class | Event | Final | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Result | Points | Rank |
| **Tatjana Majcen** | F54/55 | Discus | 14.78 | 979 | 4 |
| | | Javelin | 12.37 | 960 |  |
| | | Shot put | 6.00 | 986 |  |

### Goalball

The men's goalball team didn't win any medals; they were 11th out of 12 teams.

#### Players

#### Tournament

| Game | Match | Score | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Slovenia vs.  **Spain (ESP)** | 1–4 | 6th |
| 2 | Slovenia vs.  **South Korea (KOR)** | 5–10 | |
| 3 | **Slovenia** vs.  Finland (FIN) | 8–1 | |
| 4 | Slovenia vs.  **Hungary (HUN)** | 1–4 | |
| 5 | Slovenia vs.  **Lithuania (LTU)** | 4–7 | |
| 11/12th classification | **Slovenia** vs.  Greece (GRE) | 12–2 | 11th |

### Shooting

#### Men

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | | Final | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Score | Rank | Score | Total | Rank |
| Ernest Jazbinšek | Men's 10 m air pistol SH1 | 550 | 23 | did not advance | | |
| Srečko Majcenovič | Mixed 10 m air rifle prone SH2 | 595 | 18 | did not advance | | |
| | Mixed 10 m air rifle standing SH2 | 593 | 11 | did not advance | | |
| Damjan Pavlin | Mixed 10 m air rifle prone SH2 | 600 **=WR** | 1 **Q** | 103.6 | 703.6 | 6 |
| | Mixed 10 m air rifle standing SH2 | 599 | 2 **Q** | 103.1 | 702.1 | 4 |
| **Franc Pinter** | Men's 10 m air rifle standing SH1 | 591 | 2 **Q** | 101.6 | 692.6 |  |
| | Men's 50 m rifle 3 positions SH1 | 1135 | 5 **Q** | 93.7 | 1228.7 | 6 |
| | Mixed 10 m air rifle prone SH1 | 598 | 9 | did not advance | | |
| | Mixed 50 m rifle prone SH1 | 574 | 25 | did not advance | | |

### Swimming

#### Men

| Athlete | Class | Event | Heats | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Danijel Pavlinec | S6 | 50 m freestyle | 33.87 | 9 | did not advance | |
| | | 100 m freestyle | 1:14.83 | 10 | did not advance | |
| | | 400 m freestyle | 5:39.91 | 6 **Q** | 5:40.91 | 7 |

### Table tennis

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | | | | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final / BM | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Rank | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Rank |
| Andreja Dolinar | Women's singles 4 | Zorzetto (ITA)
**L** 1–3 | Arenales (MEX)
**W** 3–2 | Johnson (USA)
**W** 3–0 | 2 **Q** | Rast (SUI)
**L** 1–3 | did not advance | | |
| **Mateja Pintar** | Women's singles 3 | Fujiwara (JPN)
**W** 3–0 | Moll (RSA)
**W** 3–0 |  | 1 **Q** | Bye | Gay (FRA)
**W** 3–2 | Mariage (FRA)
**W** 3–1 |  |
| Andreja Dolinar
Mateja Pintar | Women's team 4-5 | China (CHN)
**L** 0–3 | France (FRA)
**L** 1–3 |  | 3 | did not advance | | | |

### Volleyball

The women's volleyball team didn't win any medals; they were defeated by the United States in the bronze medal match.

#### Players

#### Tournament

| Game | Match | Score | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Slovenia vs.  **China (CHN)** | 0–3 | 4th |
| 2 | Slovenia vs.  **Netherlands (NED)** | 0–3 | |
| 3 | Slovenia vs.  **United States (USA)** | 2–3 | |
| 4 | **Slovenia** vs.  Finland (FIN) | 3–1 | |
| 5 | **Slovenia** vs.  Ukraine (UKR) | 3–0 | |
| Semifinals | Slovenia vs.  **China (CHN)** | 0–3 | **L** |
| Bronze medal match | Slovenia vs.  **United States (USA)** | 1–3 | 4th |

## InfoBox

| Slovenia at the
2004 Summer Paralympics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| IPC code | SLO |
| NPC | Sports Federation for the Disabled of Slovenia |
| Website | www.zsis.si |
| in Athens | |
| Competitors | 28 in 7 sports |
| Medals
Ranked 49th | Gold 1 Silver 2 Bronze 1 Total 4 |
| Summer Paralympics appearances (overview) | |
|  | |
| Other related appearances | |
| Yugoslavia (1972–2000) | |


title: Chery QQ6

abstract: The Chery QQ6 is a city car produced by the Chinese manufacturer Chery Automobile. It is a four-door sedan which is based on a platform self-developed by Chery. Chery discontinued the QQ6 in 2010. A facelifted variant of the QQ6 was known as the Cowin 1 and was sold from 2010 to 2013.

text:
# Chery QQ6

The **Chery QQ6** (codename *S21*) is a city car produced by the Chinese manufacturer Chery Automobile. It is a four-door sedan which is based on a platform self-developed by Chery. Chery discontinued the QQ6 in 2010. A facelifted variant of the QQ6 was known as the Cowin 1 and was sold from 2010 to 2013.

## Style & Body description

The QQ6 was designed to appeal to younger buyers with its rounded body. The interior is particularly arranged for comfort during long journeys.

## Mechanical description

The QQ6 is offered with a 1,297 cc 61 kW (83 PS; 82 hp) four-cylinder 16V DOHC engine or with a 1,083 cc 50 kW (68 PS; 67 hp) unit, of the same configuration as its bigger sister.

## Safety

The car was awarded 2 out of 5 stars in the CNCAP due to low protection in the crash tests.

## Marketing outside China

The car was launched in Chile, Colombia and other Andean countries in November 2006, where it is badged as the same designation from factory, minus Chile, when is sold as the **S21**. This model offers the 1.1 litre engine (SQR472F). It is also assembled in Egypt as the Speranza A213. It has also been sold in Ukraine as the "Chery Jaggi".

## InfoBox

| Chery QQ6 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Chery Automobile |
| Also called | Chery Cowin 1
Chery Jaggi (Ukraine)
Chery S21 ( South America)
Speranza A213 (Egypt) |
| Production | 2006–2010 |
| Assembly | Wuhu, Anhui, China
Cairo, Egypt (Speranza) |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | City car |
| Body style | 4-door sedan |
| Related | Chery QQ3 |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 1.1 L *SQR472F* I4
1.3 L *SQR473F* I4 |
| Transmission | 5-speed manual |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,340 mm (92.1 in) |
| Length | 3,998 mm (157.4 in) |
| Width | 1,640 mm (64.6 in) |
| Height | 1,535 mm (60.4 in) |
| Curb weight | 990 kg (2,183 lb)–1,050 kg (2,315 lb) |


title: Thirumathi Thamizh

abstract: Thirumathi Thamizh is a 2013 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film directed by Rajakumaran. The film stars himself alongside Devayani and Keerthi Chawla with Ramesh Khanna in a supporting role. The film released on 13 April 2013.

text:
# Thirumathi Thamizh

***Thirumathi Thamizh*** (transl.Mrs. Thamizh) is a 2013 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film directed by Rajakumaran. The film stars himself alongside Devayani and Keerthi Chawla with Ramesh Khanna in a supporting role. The film released on 13 April 2013.

## Cast

## Production

The film began production in 2008 under director Rajakumaran in his debut film as an actor. Keerthi Chawla signed in February 2008. This film is Devayani's 75th film. This film is the last film of veteran actor Malaysia Vasudevan.

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by S. A. Rajkumar. The film features nine songs.

* "Thamizh Thamizh" - S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
* "Thamizh Thamizh" (Remix 1) - S. P. Balasubramaniam, K. S. Chithra, S. A. Rajkumar
* "Thamizh Thamizh" (Remix 2) - Chitra, S. A. Rajkumar
* "Thirukkural" - SPB, S. A. Rajkumar
* "Nayagan" - Kalyani, Vijay Yesudas, S. A. Rajkumar
* "Nayagan" (Remix 1) - Kalyani
* "Nayagan" (Remix 2) - S. A. Rajkumar
* "Va Va Vennilave" - Swetha Mohan, Mukesh Mohamed
* "Va Va Vennilave" (Remix) - Swetha Mohan

## Reception

The *Times of India* gave the film one out of five stars and wrote that "The movie could have made for a much better watch had the director focused on the social issues it started out to discuss". A critic from *Kungumam* panned the screenplay.

## InfoBox

| Thirumathi Thamizh | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Rajakumaran |
| Screenplay by | Rajakumaran |
| Story by | Rajakumaran |
| Produced by | Devayani |
| Starring | Rajakumaran
Devayani
Keerthi Chawla |
| Cinematography | Ram Singh |
| Music by | S. A. Rajkumar |
| Production
company | Raa Dea Films |
| Release date | * 13 April 2013 (2013-04-13) |
| Running time | 151 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Tamil |


title: Spinhoplathemistus

abstract: Spinhoplathemistus kaszabi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Spinhoplathemistus. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1973.

text:
# Spinhoplathemistus

***Spinhoplathemistus kaszabi*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus ***Spinhoplathemistus***. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1973.

## InfoBox

| *Spinhoplathemistus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Spinhoplathemistus*
Breuning, 1973 |
| Species: | ***S. kaszabi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Spinhoplathemistus kaszabi***
Breuning, 1973 | |
|


title: Sid Meier's Starships

abstract: Sid Meier's Starships is a turn-based strategy video game developed by Firaxis Games and published by 2K. It was released on March 12, 2015 for Microsoft Windows, OS X, and iOS. The game is a stand-alone title but shares the same universe as Civilization: Beyond Earth, putting the player in control of a fleet of space-faring craft. The player will use the fleet to explore the galaxy, meeting other human and alien forces, and dealing with problems through a combination of military, diplomatic, and other strategic options. Spacecraft in the fleet can be highly customized for meeting certain goals. The game features cross-connectivity features with Beyond Earth for those that own both titles. Starships was based on Sid Meier's idea of extending the Beyond Earth setting, in which the player guides the development of one of several human colonies on an alien world, and he considers it a further narrative of that game, exploring the universe and encountering other human colonies and threats it may hold. In his concept, Meier wanted to focus on starship creation, including highly configurable ships, and space combat, while providing the player with "a universe filled with interstellar adventure, diplomacy, and exploration". The game was developed by Meier and a small team at Firaxis.

text:
# Sid Meier's Starships

***Sid Meier's Starships*** is a turn-based strategy video game developed by Firaxis Games and published by 2K. It was released on March 12, 2015 for Microsoft Windows, OS X, and iOS. The game is a stand-alone title but shares the same universe as *Civilization: Beyond Earth*, putting the player in control of a fleet of space-faring craft. The player will use the fleet to explore the galaxy, meeting other human and alien forces, and dealing with problems through a combination of military, diplomatic, and other strategic options. Spacecraft in the fleet can be highly customized for meeting certain goals. The game features cross-connectivity features with *Beyond Earth* for those that own both titles.

*Starships* was based on Sid Meier's idea of extending the *Beyond Earth* setting, in which the player guides the development of one of several human colonies on an alien world, and he considers it a further narrative of that game, exploring the universe and encountering other human colonies and threats it may hold. In his concept, Meier wanted to focus on starship creation, including highly configurable ships, and space combat, while providing the player with "a universe filled with interstellar adventure, diplomacy, and exploration". The game was developed by Meier and a small team at Firaxis.

## Reception

The iOS version received "generally favorable reviews", while the PC version received "mixed" reviews, according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. *IGN* said of the same PC version, "*Sid Meier's Starships* produces a few good tactical battles before its AI loses steam and its strategy gets frustrating."

*The Escapist* gave the PC version a score of four stars out of five, saying that it "lacks the strategic depth of *Civilization*, but the added tactical layer, and shorter game times make it a fair substitute, especially if you're looking for bite-sized strategy." *National Post* gave it a similar score of eight out of ten, saying that the game "may lack the complexity and nuance of other strategy games, and it feels a bit rough around the edges in places, but its accessibility, terrific turn-based combat, and bite-sized duration combine to create a tempting alternative to a multi-evening marathon campaign." *Metro* gave it a score of seven out of ten, saying, "Fast-paced and accessible are not words commonly used to describe turn-based strategy games, but Sid Meier's latest is a fun, breezy strategic time killer." GameSpot gave the PC version four stars out of ten, saying "it's a strategy game without strategy, enabling you to sleepwalk your way to triumph."

## InfoBox

| Sid Meier's Starships | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Firaxis Games |
| Publisher(s) | 2K |
| Designer(s) | Sid Meier |
| Series | *Civilization* |
| Platform(s) |  |
| Release | March 12, 2015 |
| Genre(s) | Turn-based strategy |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Shiladitya DasSarma

abstract: Shiladitya DasSarma is a molecular biologist well-known for contributions to the biology of halophilic and extremophilic microorganisms. He is a Professor in the University of Maryland Baltimore. He earned a PhD degree in biochemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a BS degree in chemistry from Indiana University Bloomington. Prior to taking a faculty position, he conducted research at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Pasteur Institute, Paris. DasSarma has served on the faculty of the University of Massachusetts Amherst (1986-2001), University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute (2001-2010), and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (2010–present). He is a researcher and teacher of molecular genetics, genomics, and bioinformatics and mentor of undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral students, and junior faculty. He is widely known to have been instrumental in the foundation of the fields of halophile and extremophile research.

text:
# Shiladitya DasSarma

**Shiladitya DasSarma** (born November 11, 1957) is a molecular biologist well-known for contributions to the biology of halophilic and extremophilic microorganisms. He is a Professor in the University of Maryland Baltimore. He earned a PhD degree in biochemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a BS degree in chemistry from Indiana University Bloomington. Prior to taking a faculty position, he conducted research at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Pasteur Institute, Paris.

DasSarma has served on the faculty of the University of Massachusetts Amherst (1986-2001), University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute (2001-2010), and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (2010–present). He is a researcher and teacher of molecular genetics, genomics, and bioinformatics and mentor of undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral students, and junior faculty. He is widely known to have been instrumental in the foundation of the fields of halophile and extremophile research.

## Research

### Halophiles

In early work (1980's), he discovered mobile genetic elements in halophilic Archaea, while a graduate student with H. Gobind Khorana (Nobel laureate) and Uttam L. RajBhandary at MIT. He also showed that transcriptional promoters in Archaea were different from those in common Bacteria, which contributed to the acceptance of the three Domain view of evolution proposed by Carl Woese.

In the 1990s, he organized and led the team that deciphered the first genome sequence and genetic code for a halophilic microbe, *Halobacterium* sp. NRC-1. This work showed that its proteins are highly acidic, providing an understanding of how proteins may function in high salinity and low water activity conditions. The genome sequence helped to further establish the validity of the Archaea through the finding of similarities to higher eukaryotic organisms and differences from Bacteria.

Later in the 2000s, his work also suggested that certain genes are acquired through horizontal gene transfers, such as the genes for aerobic respiration. Post-genomic research in his laboratory established the core and signature proteins in halophilic Archaea, and the function of many genes and genetic elements, including multiple replication origins, general transcription factors, and DNA repair systems.

### Astrobiology

DasSarma's recent research (2010's) on an Antarctic halophilic microorganism, *Halorubrum lacusprofundi*, resulted in further refinement in understanding of protein function in a combination of high salinity and cold conditions. Such studies may explain how life could adapt to new environments, including extraterrestrial environments.

DasSarma proposed that retinal pigments originally discovered in halophilic Archaea may have predated chlorophyll pigments in the early earth, named the "Purple Earth" hypothesis. This proposal provides a potential new biosignature for remote detection of life.

### Biotechnology

DasSarma's laboratory has been instrumental in the study of buoyant gas vesicle nanoparticles (GVNPs) in *Halobacterium* sp. NRC-1, and developed an expression system to bioengineer GVNPs for biotechnology applications. These nanoparticles may represent a valuable platform for antigen delivery, vaccine development, and other biomedical and environmental applications

## InfoBox

| Shiladitya DasSarma | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1957-11-11) November 11, 1957
Kolkata, India |
| Nationality | American (Naturalized) |
| Education | Indiana University (BS)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (PhD) |
| Occupation | Professor |
| Employer | University of Maryland Baltimore |
| Known for | Haloarchaea, Climate Action |
| Awards | Margaret MacVicar Award |


title: Black Horse, South Mimms

abstract: The Black Horse is a Grade II listed public house on Blackhorse Lane in South Mimms, Hertfordshire, England.

text:
# Black Horse, South Mimms

The **Black Horse** is a Grade II listed public house on Blackhorse Lane in South Mimms, Hertfordshire, England.

## History

The pub can be dated to the 1700s, and is of red brick with a tiled roof. It has been kept in its original style, with traditional decor and original bay windows. In 1874, the licensee was William Marle. The pub was sold by auction in 1854. When a local resident was shot by her fiancé in July 1970, the landlord set up a fund to allow her to go on holiday after she left hospital, but died before being able to go. The building was made Grade II listed on 12 August 1985. Blackhorse Lane, which may be named after the pub, is the lane along which South Mimms developed, and was historically part of the main road to Holyhead.

## Geography

The surrounding area has historically been and remains rural.

51°41′58″N 0°14′06″W / 51.69948°N 0.23493°W / 51.69948; -0.23493


title: 1936 Eastern Suburbs season

abstract: The 1936 Eastern Suburbs DRLFC season was the 29th in the club's history. Coached by Arthur Halloway and captained by Dave Brown, they competed in the 1936 NSWRFL Premiership, becoming only the second team to go through a season undefeated and winning their 7th minor premiership. They then went on to reach the Premiership Final, defeating Balmain and claiming their 6th title. The NSWRFL's top try scorer for the season was Easts' Fred Tottey with 25 tries. The club's players to represent Australia were: Dave Brown (captain), Jack Beaton, Ernie Norman, Viv Thicknesse, Joe Pearce and Ray Stehr. Brown left Easts, signing a three-year deal with English club the Warrington, at the end of the season.

text:
# 1936 Eastern Suburbs season

The **1936 Eastern Suburbs DRLFC season** was the 29th in the club's history. Coached by Arthur Halloway and captained by Dave Brown, they competed in the 1936 NSWRFL Premiership, becoming only the second team to go through a season undefeated and winning their 7th minor premiership. They then went on to reach the Premiership Final, defeating Balmain and claiming their 6th title.

The NSWRFL's top try scorer for the season was Easts' Fred Tottey with 25 tries. The club's players to represent Australia were: Dave Brown (captain), Jack Beaton, Ernie Norman, Viv Thicknesse, Joe Pearce and Ray Stehr. Brown left Easts, signing a three-year deal with English club the Warrington, at the end of the season.

## Squad

The Eastern Suburbs line-up for the 1936 season contained:- Wal Bamford, Jack Beaton, John Beckly, Dave Brown(c), John Clarke, Jack Coote, Jack 'Buster' Craigie, Tom Dowling, Albert Horsell, Jack Lynch, H. McCallum, Tom McLachlan, Ross McKinnon, Ernie Norman, Andy Norval, Rod O'Loan, Johnny Parker, Sid 'Joe' Pearce Henry 'harry' Pierce, Viv Thicknesse.

## Regular season

* Premiership Round 1, Eastern Suburbs 26 defeated South Sydney 9(Bernie Martin Try; F. Felsch 2, J. Tait Goals) at Sydney Sports Ground.
* Premiership Round 2, Eastern Suburbs 18 defeated St George 15(M. Ryan, L. Kelly, Percy Fairall tries; M. Ryan 3 Goals) at Earl Park.
* Premiership Round 3, Bye.
* Premiership Round 4, Eastern Suburbs 17 drew with Western Suburbs 17 at Pratten Park.
* Premiership Round 5, Eastern Suburbs 34 defeated University 8 at Sydney Sports Ground.
* Premiership Round 6, Eastern Suburbs 23 defeated Newtown 11 at Sydney Cricket Ground.
* Premiership Round 7, Canterbury Bankstown 18( J. Hartwell 2, A. Brady, R. Mitchel Tries; T. Kirk 3 Goals) drew with Eastern Suburbs 18 at Sydney Cricket Ground.
* Premiership Round 8, Eastern Suburbs 19 defeated North Sydney 11(R. Thompson Try; R.Thompson 4 Goals) at Sydney Sports Ground.
* Premiership Round 9, Eastern Suburbs 19 defeated Balmain 15 at Sydney Sports Ground.
* Premiership Round 10, Eastern Suburbs 23 defeated South Sydney 8(H. Thompson, E. Lewis Tries;F. Felsch Goal) at Sydney Cricket Ground.
* Premiership Round 11, Eastern Suburbs 23 defeated St George 5 at Sydney Cricket Ground.
* Premiership Round 12, Bye.
* Premiership Round 13, Eastern Suburbs 29 defeated Western Suburbs 13 at Sydney Cricket Ground.
* Premiership Round 14, Eastern Suburbs 50 defeated University 12 at Sydney Sports Ground.
* Premiership Round 15, Eastern Suburbs 36 defeated Newtown 3 at Sydney Cricket Ground.

## Ladder

|  | Team | Pld | W | D | L | B | PF | PA | PD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Eastern Suburbs | 13 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 335 | 145 | +190 | **28** |
| 2 | Balmain | 13 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 268 | 161 | +107 | **22** |
| 3 | Canterbury-Bankstown | 14 | 9 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 345 | 243 | +102 | **22** |
| 4 | North Sydney | 13 | 7 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 210 | 161 | +49 | **19** |
| 5 | Newtown | 14 | 7 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 320 | 225 | +95 | **16** |
| 6 | Western Suburbs | 13 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 199 | 201 | +2 | **15** |
| 7 | South Sydney | 13 | 5 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 185 | 185 | =0 | **14** |
| 8 | St. George | 13 | 3 | 0 | 10 | 2 | 141 | 228 | -87 | **10** |
| 9 | University | 14 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 1 | 99 | 414 | -315 | **4** |

### Finals series

#### Semi-final

* Premiership Semifinal, Saturday 5 September 1936 - Three second half tries to captain Dave Brown saw Eastern Suburbs advance to the 1936 premiership decider

Eastern Suburbs 25(Dave Brown 3, Viv Thicknesse, Jack Lynch, Rod O'Loan, Fred Tottey tries; Tom Dowling, Jack Lynch goals) defeated Canterbury Bankstown 13 (J Gartner try; T Kirk 5 goals) at Belmore Sports Ground. Half time: 9-11. Crowd: 7201. Referee: Deane.

#### Premiership Final

| Balmain Tigers | Position | Eastern Suburbs Roosters |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Frank Johnston | FB | Tom Dowling |
| Sid Goodwin | WG | Rod O'Loan |
| Gus Reeves | CE | Dave Brown (c) |
| Eddie Lochart | CE | Jack Lynch |
| Jack Redman | WG | Fred Tottey |
| Sid Christensen (c) | FE | Ernie Norman |
| Tom Grahame | HB | Viv Thicknesse |
| Dave Manning | PR | Jack Coote |
| Bill Alexander | HK | Tom McLachlan |
| Frank Griffiths | PR | Ray Stehr |
| Bill Johnson | SR | Harry Pierce |
| Edmond Beaver | SR | Joe Pearce |
| Roy Palmer | LK | Andy Norval |
| Joe Busch | Coach | Arthur Halloway |
|

In front of a crowd of 14,395 at the Sydney Cricket Ground Easts were vying for back-to-back premierships and took on Balmain.

The match, officiated by referee Lal Deane was tight in the first half with a scoreline favouring Easts 8-6 at the break. In the second half Easts ran away with the game, scoring eight tries all up to Balmain's two.

The game marked the end of sterling career for Tiger's champion and former international Joe "Chimpy" Busch, and was a suitable farewell for the Roosters' captain and star, Dave Brown, who headed to the English club Warrington for the 1937 and 1938 seasons.

**Eastern Suburbs** 32 (Tries: Fred Tottey 2, Rod O’Loan, Dave Brown, Ray Stehr, Ernie Norman, Jack Lynch, Andy Norval. Goals: Jack Lynch 2, Dave Brown 2 )

defeated

**Balmain** 12 (Tries: Frank Griffiths, Sid Goodwin. Goals: Sid Christensen 2, Bill Johnson)

## InfoBox

| 1936 Eastern Suburbs season | |
| --- | --- |
| 1935  1937 | |


title: The Legend of Luke

abstract: The Legend of Luke is a fantasy novel by Brian Jacques, published in 1999. It is the 12th book and fourth chronologically in the Redwall series.

text:
# The Legend of Luke

***The Legend of Luke*** is a fantasy novel by Brian Jacques, published in 1999. It is the 12th book and fourth chronologically in the *Redwall* series.

## Plot summary

The book begins during the construction of Redwall Abbey, when a roving female hedgehog named Trimp visits the abbey and sings a song to help the workers lifting a beam. Martin the Warrior recognises his father, Luke the Warrior, mentioned in the lyrics and asks Trimp more about him. He decides to go on a quest to learn more about his father. Martin, Gonff the Mousethief, Dinny, and Trimp befriend an orphaned woodlander squirrel named Chugger, the Eurasian goshawk Krar Woodwatcher, as well as two brother otters, Folgrim (who is very close to becoming feral, having filed his teeth to points, and even eating vermin after he kills them) and his older brother Tungro. When they reach the northlands, Martin meets his father's friends: the old mouse, Vurg, and Beauclair Fethringsol Cosfortingham, an exuberant old hare. They show him a book titled *In the Wake of the Red Ship*, an account of Luke's life.

The plot then flashes back to Martin's birth to Luke and Sayna. Luke was the leader of a tribe of mice who lived an idyllic life for many seasons until Vilu Daskar, the murderous captain of the pirate ship *Goreleech*, attacked the settlement and killed Sayna, as well as many others with his Sea Rogues. Luke vowed revenge upon Daskar and soon had an opportunity when Reynard Chopsnout, pirate captain of the *Greenhawk*, sailed in, hoping to fix his broken vessel. Luke and his tribe slew Chopsnout and his crew and captured the ship. Together with Vurg, Beau, and others, they sailed off. Martin, now older, wished to accompany his father, but Luke declined, giving Martin his sword, and the chance to name the ship, which he dubbed *Sayna*.

The account of Luke's life contains the scene where Luke gives his sword to his son. The same scene occurs in the beginning of *Martin the Warrior*, when Martin receives a flashback of his childhood, as he was captured and put out for the seagulls by Badrang the Tyrant. Therefore, the events in part two of *The Legend of Luke* occurred around the same time as *Martin the Warrior*.

At one point, Beau was believed to be dead, but survived. Luke, however, was captured and forced into slavery by Daskar when the *Sayna* was destroyed. He befriended a black squirrel, Ranguvar Foeseeker, who also wanted her revenge. Luke was quite a bit like his son. For instance, he threatened to strangle the slavedriver; similarly, Martin tried to choke a Marshank hordebeast with the creature's own whip. Luke was able to convince Daskar that he knew the location of a hidden treasure that only he could steer to. Vurg and Beau sneaked aboard to free the slaves as Ranguvar and Luke killed foebeasts. Initially planning to run the ship aground where his tribe could join the fight to take the ship, upon realising his tribe had abandoned the area, Luke ordered the slaves to take the ship, trapped Daskar at one end of the ship, then smashed it against two rocks, breaking it. The ship's stern sinks instantly and Luke, Ranguvar, Daskar, and much of the vermin crew upon it were drowned. The bow becomes stuck between the two rocks and the surviving vermin are massacred by the liberated slaves.

Beau and Vurg presented Martin with a tapestry of his ancestor, which looked a lot like Martin himself. They returned to Redwall, and Martin allegedly chose to put down his sword and live a life of peace. The tapestry Martin received was later made into part of the large tapestry that hangs in the Abbey throughout the Redwall series.

## Characters in *The Legend of Luke*

## Book divisions (English)

* Book 1: Martin
* Book 2: Luke
* Book 3: A Warrior's Legacy

## Translations

* (French) *Rougemuraille : Le Guerrier disparu*
* (Italian) *La Leggenda di Luca*
* (Russian) *Легенда о Льюке*

## InfoBox

The Legend of Luke
| UK first edition cover | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Brian Jacques |
| Cover artist | Chris Baker |
| Language | English |
| Series | Redwall |
| Genre | Fantasy |
| Publisher | Hutchinson (UK) & Philomel (US) |
| Publication date | 1999 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print (hardback and paperback) |
| Pages | 374 (UK Hardback) & 374 (US Hardback) |
| ISBN | 0-09-176862-4 (UK Hardback) & ISBN 0-399-23490-X (US Hardback) |
| OCLC | 41645963 |
| Preceded by | *Marlfox* |
| Followed by | *Lord Brocktree* |


title: Slovenia at the 2006 Winter Olympics

abstract: Slovenia competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.

text:
# Slovenia at the 2006 Winter Olympics

**Slovenia** competed at the **2006 Winter Olympics** in Turin, Italy.

## Alpine skiing

Entering the Games, no Slovenian man was ranked in the top 20 of the World Cup standings in any alpine event, but they achieved several top-20 finishes in Turin, with the best a 12th place in the giant slalom from Mitja Valenčič. On the women's side, Tina Maze was ranked 5th in GS, but the top showing came from her team-mate Ana Drev, who posted one of the strongest second runs to end up 9th.

Men

| Athlete | Event | Final | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Run 1 | Run 2 | Run 3 | Total | Rank |
| Aleš Gorza | Super-G | n/a | | | 1:33.77 | 33 |
| | Giant slalom | did not finish | | | | |
| | Slalom | did not finish | | | | |
| | Combined | 1:41.31 | 46.44 | 45.16 | 3:12.91 | 15 |
| Drago Grubelnik | Slalom | 54.87 | 50.82 | n/a | 1:45.69 | 13 |
| Andrej Jerman | Downhill | n/a | | | 1:51.70 | 28 |
| | Super-G | n/a | | | 1:33.20 | 28 |
| | Combined | 1:40.62 | 46.91 | 46.27 | 3:13.80 | 19 |
| Andrej Šporn | Downhill | n/a | | | 1:52.17 | 31 |
| | Super-G | n/a | | | 1:31.84 | 15 |
| | Combined | 1:39.67 | 46.20 | 57.66 | 3:23.53 | 30 |
| Bernard Vajdič | Giant slalom | did not finish | | | | |
| | Slalom | 55.16 | 51.27 | n/a | 1:46.43 | 19 |
| Mitja Valenčič | Giant slalom | 1:18.10 | 1:19.29 | n/a | 2:37.39 | 12 |
| | Slalom | did not finish | | | | |

Women

| Athlete | Event | Final | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Run 1 | Run 2 | Run 3 | Total | Rank |
| Ana Drev | Super-G | n/a | | | 1:37.92 | 45 |
| | Giant slalom | 1:02.45 | 1:09.22 | n/a | 2:11.67 | 9 |
| Ana Kobal | Slalom | 44.36 | 48.53 | n/a | 1:32.89 | 25 |
| Tina Maze | Super-G | n/a | | | 1:36.64 | 39 |
| | Giant slalom | 1:01.97 | 1:09.86 | n/a | 2:11.83 | 12 |
| Urška Rabič | Downhill | did not finish | | | | |
| | Super-G | n/a | | | 1:34.12 | 18 |
| | Combined | 40.61 | did not finish | | | |
| Petra Robnik | Downhill | n/a | | | 1:59.66 | 25 |
| | Super-G | n/a | | | 1:35.10 | 29 |
| | Combined | 40.54 | 44.84 | 1:32.02 | 2:57.40 | 21 |

## Biathlon

The Slovenian flagbearer, Tadeja Brankovič, contributed to the biathlon team's top finish in Turin, the 6th place earned by the women's relay. Teja Gregorin was the best individual performer, placing in the top-20 in all of her races. The best performance in the relay, however, came from neither Brankovič nor Gregorin, but from Dijana Grudiček, who pulled the team up as high as 5th.

| Athlete | Event | Final | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Misses | Rank |
| Klemen Bauer | Men's sprint | 30:09.3 | 2 | 70 |
| | Men's individual | 1:02:25.5 | 5 | 60 |
| Tadeja Brankovič | Women's sprint | 24:14.1 | 2 | 31 |
| | Women's pursuit | 42:42.12 | 7 | 31 |
| | Women's individual | 55:38.9 | 6 | 39 |
| Teja Gregorin | Women's sprint | 23:31.2 | 0 | 14 |
| | Women's pursuit | 40:20.16 | 2 | 16 |
| | Women's mass start | 43:51.4 | 4 | 19 |
| | Women's individual | 53:03.7 | 3 | 18 |
| Dijana Grudiček | Women's sprint | 25:28.6 | 3 | 55 |
| | Women's pursuit | Lapped | | |
| | Women's individual | 55:01.3 | 4 | 30 |
| Andreja Mali | Women's sprint | 26:02.5 | 3 | 59 |
| | Women's pursuit | Lapped | | |
| | Women's individual | 53:46.0 | 1 | 21 |
| Janez Marič | Men's sprint | 28:28.6 | 3 | 37 |
| | Men's pursuit | 39:42.43 | 7 | 37 |
| | Men's individual | 59:53.0 | 5 | 40 |
| Janez Ožbolt | Men's sprint | 30:08.8 | 2 | 69 |
| | Men's individual | 1:03:18.5 | 5 | 69 |
| Matjaž Poklukar | Men's sprint | 30:00.6 | 3 | 64 |
| | Men's individual | 1:00:07.6 | 3 | 47 |
| Janez Marič
Janez Ožbolt
Klemen Bauer
Matjaž Poklukar | Men's relay | 1:25:01.4 | 11 | 10 |
| Teja Gregorin
Andreja Mali
Dijana Grudiček
Tadeja Brankovič | Women's relay | 1:19:55.7 | 12 | 6 |

## Cross-country skiing

Petra Majdič was Slovenia's top cross-country skier in Turin, finishing 6th in the women's 10 km, and the only skier to proceed out of the qualifying rounds in the sprint. Majdič advanced to the semifinals, but placed 4th in her semi and in the B Final en route to an 8th place finish.

Distance

| Athlete | Event | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Total | Rank |
| Maja Benedičič | Women's 10 km classical | 33:41.3 | 65 |
| | Women's 15 km pursuit | 46:51.1 | 39 |
| | Women's 30 km freestyle | Did not finish | |
| Nejc Brodar | Men's 30 km pursuit | 1:22:23.9 | 45 |
| | Men's 50 km freestyle | 2:07:24.5 | 31 |
| Petra Majdič | Women's 10 km classical | 28:22.3 | 6 |
| | Women's 15 km pursuit | 43:41.7 | 11 |
| | Women's 30 km freestyle | 1:25:22.5 | 14 |
| Jože Mehle | Men's 15 km classical | 42:56.9 | 59 |
| | Men's 30 km pursuit | 1:24:13.6 | 55 |
| | Men's 50 km freestyle | 2:13:37.1 | 55 |

Sprint

| Athlete | Event | Qualifying | | Quarterfinal | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Total | Rank | Total | Rank | Total | Rank | Total | Rank |
| Nejc Brodar | Men's sprint | 2:21.94 | 39 | Did not advance | | | | | 39 |
| Vesna Fabjan | Women's sprint | 2:20.34 | 40 | Did not advance | | | | | 40 |
| Petra Majdič | Women's sprint | 2:14.62 | 6 **Q** | 2:17.7 | 2 **Q** | 2:18.72 | 4 | *Final B*
2:21.5 | 8 |
| Jože Mehle | Men's sprint | 2:27.02 | 56 | Did not advance | | | | | 56 |
| Nejc Brodar
Jože Mehle | Men's team sprint | n/a | | | | 18:34.4 | 8 | Did not advance | 16 |
| Maja Benedičič
Vesna Fabjan | Women's team sprint | n/a | | | | 18:59.5 | 7 | Did not advance | 14 |

## Figure skating

Urbas, who had placed 17th at the most recent European Championships, was second-to-last after the short program, and did not advance to compete in the free skate.

| Athlete | Event | CD | | SP/OD | | FS/FD | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
| Gregor Urbas | Men's | n/a | | 46.48 | 29 | did not advance | | | 29 |

Key: CD = Compulsory Dance, FD = Free Dance, FS = Free Skate, OD = Original Dance, SP = Short Program

## Freestyle skiing

Miha Gale was scheduled to compete, but pulled out after an injury in training, leaving Nina Bednarik as the only Slovenian freestyle skier competing in Turin.

| Athlete | Event | Qualifying | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
| Nina Bednarik | Women's moguls | 19.54 | 24 | did not advance | 24 |
| Miha Gale | Men's aerials | did not start | | | |

## Luge

Domen Pociecha was the only Slovenian lugist in Turin. He was one of the weaker starters, but nonetheless managed to finish 26th, ahead of 10 other competitors.

| Athlete | Event | Final | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Run 1 | Run 2 | Run 3 | Run 4 | Total | Rank |
| Domen Pociecha | Men's singles | 53.141 | 53.073 | 53.039 | 53.072 | 3:32.325 | 26 |

## Nordic combined

Damjan Vtič competed in two events as the sole Slovenian Nordic combined athlete in Turin; his best finish was 34th in the sprint.

| Athlete | Event | Ski jumping | | Cross-country | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Points | Rank | Deficit | Time | Rank |
| Damjan Vtič | Sprint | 107.8 | 17 | 1:12 | 20:35.9
*+2:06.9* | 34 |
| | Individual Gundersen | 217.0 | 23 | 3:02 | 45:36.9
*+5:52.3* | 40 |

Note: 'Deficit' refers to the amount of time behind the leader a competitor began the cross-country portion of the event. Italicized numbers show the final deficit from the winner's finishing time.

## Ski jumping

Slovenia was the defending Olympic and World bronze medalists in the team event, but struggled in Turin, finishing tenth, and not qualifying for the second round of jumps. Rok Benkovič, who was the defending world champion, in the normal hill event, had a very poor first jump in the final, ending up 49th. The best individual performance came from Jernej Damjan, who was 28th in the large hill event.

| Athlete | Event | Qualifying | | First round | | Final | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Points | Total | Rank |
| Rok Benkovič | Normal hill | 108.0 | 28 **Q** | 91.5 | 49 | did not advance | | 49 |
| | Large hill | 84.5 | 26 **Q** | 99.9 | 22 **Q** | 90.4 | 190.3 | 29 |
| Jernej Damjan | Normal hill | 114.5 | 21 **Q** | 109.0 | 35 | did not advance | | 35 |
| | Large hill | 105.9 | 7 **Q** | 97.2 | 27 **Q** | 95.0 | 192.2 | 28 |
| Robert Kranjec | Normal hill | 102.0 | 14 **PQ** | 105.5 | 41 | did not advance | | 41 |
| | Large hill | 106.7 | 13 **Q** | 63.1 | 49 | did not advance | | 49 |
| Primož Peterka | Normal hill | 117.0 | 16 **Q** | 118.5 | 23 **Q** | 96.5 | 215.0 | 30 |
| | Large hill | 93.1 | 14 **Q** | 92.0 | 34 | did not advance | | 34 |
| Rok Benkovič
Jernej Damjan
Robert Kranjec
Primož Peterka | Team | n/a | | 390.4 | 10 | did not advance | | 10 |

Note: PQ indicates a skier was pre-qualified for the final, based on entry rankings.

## Snowboarding

Four snowboarders represented Slovenia in Turin, all in the parallel giant slalom. Two, Rok Flander and Dejan Kosir, qualified for the knockout stages, and advanced to the quarterfinals before losing to a Schoch brother, Flander to Philipp and Kosir to Simon. The two ended up 7th and 6th, respectively, after each faced two other Swiss racers in the consolation rounds.

Parallel GS

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Finals | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Opposition
Time | Opposition
Time | Opposition
Time | Opposition
Time | Rank |
| Rok Flander | Men's parallel giant slalom | 1:11.18 | 10 **Q** | Huet (FRA) (7)
**W -0.53** (**-1.35 +0.82**) | Schoch (SUI) (2)
**L +1.07** (**+1.35 -0.28**) | *Classification 5-8*
Inniger (SUI) (3)
**L +0.14** (**-0.18 +0.32**) | *7th place Final*
Jacquet (SUI) (5)
**W -0.41** (**-0.12 -0.29**) | 7 |
| Tomaž Knafelj | Men's parallel giant slalom | 1:14.87 | 26 | did not advance | | | | 26 |
| Dejan Kosir | Men's parallel giant slalom | 1:11.06 | 8 **Q** | Jewell (USA) (1)
**W -0.30** (**+0.29 -0.59**) | Schoch (SUI) (1)
**L +1.27** (**+0.59 +0.68**) | *Classification 5-8*
Jacquet (SUI) (5)
**W -4.55** (**-0.85 +5.40**) | *5th place Final*
Inniger (SUI) (3)
**L +0.42** (**+0.94 -0.52**) | 6 |
| Izidor Šušteršič | Men's parallel giant slalom | 1:12.96 | 21 | did not advance | | | | 21 |

Key: '+ Time' represents a deficit; the brackets indicate the results of each run.

## InfoBox

| Slovenia at the
2006 Winter Olympics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| IOC code | SLO |
| NOC | Slovenian Olympic Committee |
| Website | www.olympic.si (in Slovene and English) |
| in Turin | |
| Competitors | 36 (23 men, 13 women) in 9 sports |
| Flag bearers | Tadeja Brankovič (opening)
Nejc Brodar (closing) |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| Winter Olympics appearances (overview) | |
|  | |
| Other related appearances | |
| Yugoslavia (1924–1988) | |


title: Sober curious

abstract: Sober curious is a cultural movement and lifestyle of practicing none or limited alcohol consumption that started spreading in the late 2010s, in particular among people from the millennials generation, and was coined by Ruby Warrington in her 2019 book Sober Curious. It differs from traditional abstinence in that it is not founded on asceticism, religious condemnation of alcohol or previous alcohol abuse, but motivated by a curiosity of a sober lifestyle. Markets have reacted by offering a wider selection of non-alcoholic beverages.

text:
# Sober curious

**Sober curious** is a cultural movement and lifestyle of practicing none or limited alcohol consumption that started spreading in the late 2010s, in particular among people from the millennials generation, and was coined by Ruby Warrington in her 2019 book *Sober Curious*. It differs from traditional abstinence in that it is not founded on asceticism, religious condemnation of alcohol or previous alcohol abuse, but motivated by a curiosity of a sober lifestyle. Markets have reacted by offering a wider selection of non-alcoholic beverages.

## Definition and characteristics

> \[Being sober curious\] means, literally, to choose to question, or get curious about, every impulse, invitation, and expectation to drink, versus mindlessly going along with the dominant drinking culture.

– Ruby Warrington

Sober curiosity is often defined as having the option to question or change one's drinking habits, for mental or physical health reasons. It may be practised in many ways, ranging from complete abstinence to thinking more about when and how much one actually wants to drink.

According to Kristine Goddiksen, a Danish opinion columnist on KForum writing on the so-called “sober curious” phenomenon, the fear of being different and being rejected by one's friends is one of the reasons why people drink. If you say no to alcohol, you risk being *sober shamed*, i.e. labeled as boring, antisocial or restrained, or people may think you are either pregnant, religious or an ex-alcoholic. Goddiksen believes alcohol can be seen as a symbol of the weekend, freedom, and celebration, and the belief may be widespread that alcohol is the only way to loosen up. Goddikson explains that, in the mindset of certain teetotalers or “sober curious” individuals, if one only feels alive and happy when drinking alcohol, and one's life is centered about when it is the weekend or when one can drink again, that person's life apparently tends to become “paltry” and “artificial”, in the estimation of or according to “sober curious” people.

According to Ida Fabricius Bruun, CEO of the Danish NGO Alkohol & Samfund, parents play an important role in showing their children that socializing is quite possible without drinking alcohol.

## By region

### Europe

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, more people in Europe have reduced their alcohol consumption.

Almost 20% of Danes drink more alcohol than the limit recommended by the Danish Health Authority, while year after year, Danish teenagers hold the European record of alcohol intake. Every summer, when first year students start college, Danish media bring stories of how the introductory social activities challenge students, who do not like to be drunk. However, between 2010 and 2023, the sale of non-alcoholic beer in Denmark was six-doubled, while lately the sale of non-alcoholic wine and spirits has also risen. By early 2023, non-alcoholic beverages have a Danish market share of about 4%.

At the 2023 Roskilde Festival, known for its binge drinking among young people, an increased interest among festival guests in staying sober led the organisers to provide a wider selection of non-alcoholic beverages, especially beer, and display messages of 'Drink responsibly' and 'Enjoy the music' on big screens and banners.

### Asia

In Japanese business life, drinking alcohol with colleagues after work is considered quite normal, and difficult to refuse, giving non-drinking colleagues a disadvantage, in particular about promotions. Japanese sober curious were therefore greatly encouraged, when in 2020 non-drinking Yoshihide Suga was appointed prime minister.

### USA

In comparison to their parents, part of the American Millennials seem more concerned with maintaining their health, e.g. through physical activity and limited alcohol intake, yet believe that a healthier relationship with alcohol doesn't require them to give up drinking entirely. Moreover, cannabis seems to some degree to replace alcohol: A 2017 study found that in US counties with legalized medicinal cannabis, alcohol sales dropped more than 12 percent when compared with similar counties without cannabis.

## Literature

* Grace, Annie (2015). *This Naked Mind: Control Alcohol, Find Freedom, Discover Happiness & Change Your Life*. Avery. ISBN 978-0996715003.

* Warrington, Ruby (2019). *Sober Curious - The Blissful Sleep, Greater Focus, Limitless Presence, and Deep Connection Awaiting Us All on the Other Side of Alcohol*. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-286903-6.


title: Thirumarperu

abstract: Thirumarperu Manikandeswarar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva in Tirumalpur in Ocheri-Tirumalpur road, Tamil Nadu, India. Constructed in the Dravidian style of architecture, the temple is believed to have been built during the Cholas period in the 9th century. Shiva is worshipped as Manikandeswarar and his consort Parvathi as Karunai Nayagi. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the Tevaram, written by Tamil saint poets known as the Nayanmars and classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam. A granite wall surrounds the temple, enclosing all its shrines. The temple has a five-tiered Rajagopuram, the gateway tower. The temple is open from 6am - 1 pm and 4-8:30 pm on all days. Six daily rituals and three yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which the Maasi Magam, Adipooram, Aani Thirumanjanam, Navarathri uthsavam for Ambal and Garuda seva for Vishnu being some of the prominent festivals celebrated. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the Government of Tamil Nadu.

text:
# Thirumarperu

**Thirumarperu** **Manikandeswarar** Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva in Tirumalpur in Ocheri-Tirumalpur road, Tamil Nadu, India. Constructed in the Dravidian style of architecture, the temple is believed to have been built during the Cholas period in the 9th century. Shiva is worshipped as Manikandeswarar and his consort Parvathi as Karunai Nayagi.

The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the *Tevaram*, written by Tamil saint poets known as the Nayanmars and classified as *Paadal Petra Sthalam*. A granite wall surrounds the temple, enclosing all its shrines. The temple has a five-tiered Rajagopuram, the gateway tower.

The temple is open from 6am - 1 pm and 4-8:30 pm on all days. Six daily rituals and three yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which the Maasi Magam, Adipooram, Aani Thirumanjanam, Navarathri uthsavam for Ambal and Garuda seva for Vishnu being some of the prominent festivals celebrated. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the Government of Tamil Nadu.

## Legend

Vishnu (called Tirumal) is believed to have worshipped Shiva in this temple; hence the name Thirumalpur. Local tradition says that Tirumalpur was where Vishnu asked Mahabali Chakravarthy to give him land measured by three of Vishnu's steps. As per local legend, when Vishnu touched his discuss on sage Dadisi, the weapon lost its power. As advised by others, Vishnu worshipped Shiva to obtain the Sudharshana discuss. Vishnu started worshipping Shiva at this place daily with thousand flowers. To test his donation, Shiva took away one of the flowers. Vishnu offered his eye in place of the missing flower. Pleased by his devotion, Shiva offer his discuss to Vishnu. Shiva also offered a boon to Vishnu that his devotees in this temple will be blessed with the same grants as they achieve by visiting thousand temples.

## History

The place is of both historic and prehistoric importance on account of the paleolithic tools and megalithic potteries found in the region. There are sculptures found with Brahmi script and other material remains. The place is identified in the Kasakkudi plates of Nandivarman II and Aihole inscription of Pulakeshin II that describe the war between Pulekesin and Mahendravarma Pallava. The temple obtained patronage from various ruling empires in the region specifically by the Cholas from Aditya I to Rajaraja I. An inscription by Parthivendra Pallavan from the central shrine indicates that the central shrine and the mandapa around in granite by Paramandadilltan There is a mention of Madurantakan Gandaridattan from the period of Sundara Chola to that of Rajaraja I. An inscription from 988 CE states that Rajaraja himself made a donation of golden flower to the presiding deity.

## Architecture

The temple is located in Thirumalpur, which is in the outskirts of kanchipuram. The temple has a four-tiered *rajagopuram* (tower) and a set of inscriptions from the Chola period of Rajaraja Chola I (985–1014 CE). Appar, the 7th-century saint poet, glorified the deity in *Tevaram* in one verse. The temple is also referred to as Hari-chakrapuram. The Nandi, the sacred bull of Shiva, is in standing position in this temple, unlike in other Shiva temples where he is sitting. The temple tree is Vilva. The image of the presiding deity is made of sand from Virundeswara river by Parvathi. The presiding deity is covered by copper pot. Unlike other Shiva temples, ablution is thus not performed on the presiding deity. Chakra Theertha, the temple tank is located outside the main gateway. There is a distinct image of Nandi in standing posture facing the central shrine. There is also an image of Vishnu facing the presiding deity. There is an image of Vallabha Vinayaga with ten arms.

## Religious significance and worship practices

The temple finds mention in *Tevaram*, the 7th century 12 volume Saiva canonical work by Tamil saints, namely Appar, Sundarar and Campantar. It is one of the shrines of the 275 Paadal Petra Sthalams glorified in the Saiva canon. The temple priests perform the *puja* (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. Like other Shiva temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the Shaiva community, a Brahmin sub-caste. The temple rituals are performed four times a day; Ushathkalam at 6:30 a.m., Kalasanthi at 8:00 a.m., Uchikalam at 12:00 a.m., Sayarakshai at 5:00 p.m., and Ardha Jamam at 8:00 p.m. Each ritual comprises four steps: *abhisheka* (sacred bath), *alangaram* (decoration), *naivethanam* (food offering) and *deepa aradanai* (waving of lamps) for both Manikandeswarar and Karunai Nayagi. The worship is held amidst music with *nagaswaram* (pipe instrument) and *tavil* (percussion instrument), religious instructions in the Vedas (sacred texts) read by priests and prostration by worshipers in front of the temple mast. There are weekly rituals like **somavaram** (Monday) and **sukravaram** (Friday), fortnightly rituals like *pradosham* and monthly festivals like *amavasai* (new moon day), *kiruthigai*, *pournami* (full moon day) and *sathurthi*. Mahashivaratri during February - March and Thiruvadihari during December are the major festivals celebrated in the temple. Every year in the month of *Maasi* (Feb-Mar), on *Maga nakshatra* (Maga star), the Theerthavari festival is celebrated. The other festivals in the temple are Aadi Pooram, Aaani Thirumanjanam and Marghazi Thiruvathirai. Like Vishnu temples, Garudaseva festival is celebrated in the temple.

## InfoBox

| Thirumalpur<br>திருமால்பூர் | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Hinduism |
| District | Ranipet |
| Deity | Maal Vanangia Eesar, Manikandeswarar (Shiva) Karunai Nayaki, Anjanakshi (Parvathi) |
| Location | |
| Location | Tirumalpur |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| Country | India |
| Location in Tamil Nadu | |
| Geographic coordinates | 12°57′24″N 79°40′25″E / 12.95667°N 79.67361°E / 12.95667; 79.67361 |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Dravidian architecture |


title: Red Ingle

abstract: Ernest Jansen "Red" Ingle was an American musician, singer and songwriter, arranger, cartoonist and caricaturist. He is best known for his comedy records with Spike Jones and his own Natural Seven sides for Capitol.

text:
# Red Ingle

**Ernest Jansen "Red" Ingle** (November 7, 1906 – September 6, 1965) was an American musician, singer and songwriter, arranger, cartoonist and caricaturist. He is best known for his comedy records with Spike Jones and his own Natural Seven sides for Capitol.

## Personal life

Ingle was born in Toledo, Ohio, on November 7, 1906. He was taught basic violin from age five by Fritz Kreisler, a family friend. However at 13, he took up the saxophone, and that instrument later became his main instrument. Ingle received a music scholarship and studied at the Toledo American College of Music, playing classical music on a concert level. Ingle was also influenced by the country fiddlers he had heard; he was able to play their songs in their style as well as the classics in a traditional pose. At 15 he was playing professionally with Al Amato, and by his late teens, Ingle was touring steadily with the Jean Goldkette Orchestra, along with future jazz legends Bix Beiderbecke and Frankie Trumbauer. A graduate of Toledo's Scott High School, at one time he intended to become a teacher. Ingle left the College of Music in 1926 to become a full-time musician when he married Edwina Alice Smith. He joined Ted Weems' Orchestra in 1931, after briefly being a bandleader himself, and working under Maurice Sherman. His work with Weems was such a success that they worked together into the 1940s. Singer Perry Como later called Ingle 'one of the most talented men I've ever met.'

A pilot since 1924, Ingle wrote the Army Air Forces "I've Got Wings" manual as part of his wartime work at the Civil Aeronautics Administration. A talented leather carver whose saddles were in demand by celebrities, he also taught the skill in Veterans' hospitals during this time. One of Ingle's carved saddles was on exhibit at the Golden Gate International Exposition World's fair in San Francisco in 1939: a saddle carved with images illustrating the history of the state of California.

Ingle's son, Don, followed his father into the music business in 1949.

## The City Slickers

After he failed an eye test for the Air Force, he returned to music with Spike Jones & His City Slickers, where his comedic talents and flair for vocal effects found a welcoming home. Jones started featuring him as a frontman immediately, and Ingle's stage presence helped transform the City Slickers' stage act into something more visual than before.

With Ingle's input, the band gradually became a complete stage package that would eventually peak (after his departure in 1946) in the late 1940s and early 1950s with the successful *Musical Depreciation Revue.*

"There was nobody in the band as funny as Red," said Zep Meissner, the band's clarinetist; "guys like him were funny in themselves, they didn't need material."

An example of his routine appears in the film *Bring on the Girls*, where he takes off the vaudeville song "Chloe." He would run on in a frightwig, combat boots and a nightgown, while waving a lantern, climaxing the song with the cry "I gotta go!" as he dived into an outhouse. A record of this song went gold for the band, spending four weeks in the top ten. He was also the featured vocalist on other City Slickers hits, such as "You Always Hurt the One You Love", "Liebestraum" and "Glow Worm" – this last being featured in the film *Breakfast in Hollywood*, one of many films featuring the band.

## The Natural Seven

Ingle left Jones and the City Slickers in November 1946 after a salary dispute. He drifted through Radio and Hollywood, even working in light opera, until he made "Tim-Tayshun", a spoof recording of the then-popular Perry Como hit "Temptation", with Jo Stafford (under the name "Cinderella G. Stump") for Capitol Records in 1947. As the single went on to sell three million copies, Ingle formed a new band – Red Ingle and His Natural Seven; the group included several former City Slickers, among them Country Washburn, who had arranged "Tim-Tayshun". The band had several more hits, including "Cigareets, Whuskey, and Wild, Wild Women", "Them Durn Fool Things," and "'A', You're a Dopey Gal." "Cigareets" became a global million selling hit , despite being banned from radio airplay by all major networks.

After "Tim-Tayshun's" success, Ingle had a follow-up in mind: a take-off on the classical works of Paganini, but doing this required a violinist who was trained in classical music. Knowing that any direct requests for a classical performer would be refused, Ingle dreamed up his own "classical" ensemble: "Ernest Ingle's Miniature Symphony". A concert violinist responded and was quickly signed to a recording contract for the intended record. When the musician was shown the arrangement he was to play, he protested and attempted to leave without performing. Ingle and his band quickly reminded the violinist of the legality of the contract he had just signed. A deal was struck to get "Pagan Ninny's Keep 'Er Going Stomp" recorded: the concert performer was allowed to use a pseudonym on the record.

Ingle and his Natural Seven also performed with *Grand Ole Opry* performers such as Minnie Pearl and other Opry notables. He joined Jo Stafford on her 1949 tour of the Midwest. Despite the comedy emphasis, the quality of the musicianship was often outstanding, including in some cases Les Paul or Western Swing performers Tex Williams and steel guitarist Noel Boggs. The band also recorded short films of their numbers, before disbanding in 1952; by 1956, Ingle had formed the band once again.

## Retirement from music

After working again with Weems, Ingle eased out of music, tiring of touring. He reunited with Jo Stafford in 1960 for a performance of "Tim-Tayshun" on *Startime*; by this time he had lost a great deal of weight and was barely recognizable as the former leader of the Natural Seven. He also had a reunion with Perry Como; band leader Ted Weems and former fellow band members Ingle, Elmo Tanner, Parker Gibbs and "Country" Washburn appeared as guests on Como's *Kraft Music Hall* on October 18, 1961. There was one last reunion with Spike Jones, an album called *Persuasive Concussion* (satirizing the then-popular *Persuasive Percussion* albums). It was never completed; Jones died in 1965. Ingle also died the same year of an internal hemorrhage. Excerpts from *Persuasive Concussion,* featuring Ingle, were issued on LP in the 1970s (*The Very Best of Spike Jones*, on the United Artists label).

Ingle said he had been trying to retire from the music business since 1942; he signed up with Spike Jones a year later, and that his leaving the band in 1946 was another try at retirement. By 1948 he described himself as being resigned to staying in the field.

Ingle died September 6, 1965, in Santa Barbara, California and was buried in Ovid, Michigan.

* Visser, J. *Spike Jones and his City Slickers – Strictly for Music Lovers* sleevenotes. Proper Records Properbox 5 (Proper Records, London 1999)
* Young, Jordan R. (2005). *Spike Jones Off the Record: The Man Who Murdered Music*. (3rd edition) Albany: BearManor Media ISBN 1-59393-012-7.

## InfoBox

| Red Ingle | |
| --- | --- |
| Red Ingle performing his 1947 hit, "Tim-Tayshun" in 1960 on *Startime*. | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Ernest Jansen Ingle |
| Also known as | "Red" Ingle |
| Born | (1906-11-07)November 7, 1906
Toledo, Ohio, US |
| Died | September 6, 1965(1965-09-06) (aged 58)
Santa Barbara, California, US |
| Genres | Comedy |
| Occupation(s) | singer
musician
songwriter |
| Instrument(s) | violin
saxophone |
| Years active | 1921–1960's |
| Formerly of | Red Ingle and his Natural Seven
Ted Weems
Spike Jones & His City Slickers |


title: Spinibarbus

abstract: Spinibarbus is a genus of cyprinid fish found in eastern Asia. There are currently ten described species in this genus.

text:
# Spinibarbus

***Spinibarbus*** is a genus of cyprinid fish found in eastern Asia. There are currently ten described species in this genus.

## Species

* Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus *Spinibarbus*". *FishBase*. February 2024 version.

## InfoBox

| *Spinibarbus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Spinibarbis sinensis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Genus: | *Spinibarbus*
Ōshima, 1919 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Spinibarbus hollandi*
Oshima, 1919 | |


abstract: The 2022 Professional Chess Association of the Philippines season will be the second season of the Professional Chess Association of the Philippines (PCAP), a professional chess league in the Philippines. The season will open on January 22, 2022, with the All-Filipino Conference.

text:
# 2022 Professional Chess Association of the Philippines season

The **2022 Professional Chess Association of the Philippines season** will be the second season of the Professional Chess Association of the Philippines (PCAP), a professional chess league in the Philippines.

The season will open on January 22, 2022, with the All-Filipino Conference.

## Teams

There are 24 teams in the PCAP as of the second season divided into two geographic groups.

### North

* Laguna Heroes (Cabuyao)
* Cagayan Kings
* Caloocan Loadmanna Knights
* Isabela Knights of Alexander
* Cavite Spartans (General Trias)
* Manila Indios Bravos
* Mindoro Tamaraws
* Olongapo Rainbow Team 7
* Pasig City King Pirates
* Quezon City Simba's Tribe
* Rizal Batch Towers
* San Juan Predators

### South

* Cagayan De Oro
* Camarines-Iriga
* Cebu City Machers
* Davao Chess Eagles
* Iloilo Kisela Knights
* Negros Kingsmen
* Pagadian PCL
* Palawan Queens' Gambit
* Surigao Fianchetto Checkmates
* Tacloban Vikings
* Toledo City Trojans
* Zamboanga Sultans

## Team changes

Three teams which entered the 2021 season did not enter:

1. Antipolo Cobras
2. Cordova Dutchess Dagami Warriors (leave of absence)
3. Lapu-Lapu City Naki Warriors (leave of absence)

Four teams entered this season

1. Team Cagayan de Oro
2. Davao Chess Eagles (2021 Open Conference guest team)
3. Tacloban Vikings
4. Pagadian PCL (new team in 2022 PCAP 2nd Conference-Wesley So Cup)

Guest Teams (2022 Open Conference)

1. Pasig Grassroots Knights (Pasig Juniors)
2. Philippine Executive Chess Association

One team moved to another division

1. Mindoro Tamaraws (South to North)

### Name changes

* The **Toledo City Chess Miners** changed their name to the **Toledo City Trojans** before the start of the season.
* The **Davao Chess Wizards** changed their name to the **Davao Chess Eagles** before the start of the season.
* The **Camarines Soaring Eagles** & **Iriga City Oragons** were merged into **Camarines-Iriga** before the start of the 2022 PCAP 2nd Conference.

## InfoBox

| 2022 Professional Chess Association of the Philippines season | |
| --- | --- |
| League | Professional Chess Association of the Philippines |
| Sport | Chess |
| 2022 PCAP draft | |
| Top draft pick | Onofre Espiritu |
| Picked by | Iriga City Oragons |
| 2022 season | |
| All-Filipino Conference champions | San Juan Predators |
| Reinforced Conference champions | Pasig City King Pirates |
| Open Conference champions | Pasig City King Pirates |


title: Reza Negarestani

abstract: Reza Negarestani is an Iranian philosopher and writer, known for "pioneering the genre of 'theory-fiction' with his book" Cyclonopedia which was published in 2008. It was listed in Artforum as one of the best books of 2009. Negarestani has studied Mathematics at Shiraz University and has been a lecturer in the same university before immigrating to the United States. Currently, he directs the critical philosophy programme at The New Centre for Research & Practice.

text:
# Reza Negarestani

**Reza Negarestani** (born 1977) is an Iranian philosopher and writer, known for "pioneering the genre of 'theory-fiction' with his book" *Cyclonopedia* which was published in 2008. It was listed in Artforum as one of the best books of 2009. Negarestani has studied Mathematics at Shiraz University and has been a lecturer in the same university before immigrating to the United States. Currently, he directs the critical philosophy programme at The New Centre for Research & Practice.

## Philosophical work

Negarestani has been a regular contributor to *Collapse*, as well as other print and web publications such as *CTheory*. On March 11, 2011, faculty from Brooklyn College and The New School organized a symposium to discuss Cyclonopedia titled Leper Creativity. Later on in the year, Punctum books published a book with the same title that included essays, articles, artworks, and documents from or related to the symposium. In 2011, he co-edited Collapse's issue VII with Robin Mackay titled "Culinary Materialism". In 2012, Negarestani collaborated with Florian Hecker on an artwork titled "Chimerization" that was included in the dOCUMENTA (13) exhibition. He has since written librettos for a series of full-length albums based on Hecker's concept of 'chimerization'.

After being associated with the philosophical movement of speculative realism for several years, Negarestani has since lectured and written about rationalist universalism beginning with the evolution of the modern system of knowledge and advancing toward contemporary philosophies of rationalism, their procedures as well as their demands for special forms of human conduct.

After going through different philosophical phases starting with Nick Land and subsequently speculative realism, Negarestani turned to rationalist inhumanism, according to which the concept of the human is under-explored and is a matter of theoretical and practical investigation, the results of which will lead to a thoroughgoing new conception of the human that stands in opposition to classical versions of humanism and human essentialism. Research paradigms such as artificial general intelligence and neuroscience, according to Negarestani, provide insights as how the concept of the human is underdeveloped and must be understood as a subject of critical construction. Accordingly, Negarestani's philosophical project deals with what he calls a philosophy of intelligence as in contrast to the philosophy of mind. For Negarestani, the philosophy of intelligence goes beyond the philosophy of mind insofar as the concept of intelligence is beholden to a system of socially constituted thoughts and practices through which the intelligible is recognized. However, for Negarestani the term *intelligence* remains a philosophically vague concept, an explicandum. With a nod to Rudolf Carnap's project of explication, Negarestani instead proposes a conceptual engineering whereby the concept of intelligence is progressively replaced by its explicata, or refined concepts which methodically address different issues with regard to the question of "what is intelligence". For Negarestani, such issues span ontological, epistemological, methodological, technical and axiological concerns. Negarestani's emphasis on the necessary link between what we mean by intelligence and what it takes to render the world intelligible borrows elements from transcendental philosophy, German idealism and systematic skepticism.

Negarestani's blog, Toy Philosophy, "focus\[es\] on various threads—some still loose and some already converged—of \[his\] philosophical research".

## Bibliography

### Books

* *Cyclonopedia: Complicity with Anonymous Materials* (Re.Press, 2008)
* (edited with Robin Mackay) *Collapse Volume VII: Culinary Materialism* (Urbanomic, 2012)
* Negarestani, Reza (2014). *Torture Concrete: Jean-Luc Moulène and the Protocol of Abstraction*. London: Sequence Press. ISBN 978-0-9832169-7-1.
* Negarestani, Reza (2018). *Intelligence and Spirit*. London: Urbanomic & Sequence Press. ISBN 978-0-9975674-0-3.
* Negarestani, Reza; Mackay, Robin; Tilford, Keith (2021). *Chronosis*. London: Urbanomic. ISBN 978-1-913029-54-8.
* Negarestani, Reza (2023). *Abducting the Outside: Collected Writings 2003–2018*. London: Urbanomic & Sequence Press. ISBN 978-0-9975674-8-9.

## InfoBox

| Reza Negarestani | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1977
Shiraz, Pahlavi Iran |
| Nationality | Iranian |
|  | |
| Era | Contemporary philosophy |
| Region | Western philosophy |
| School | Continental philosophy
Speculative realism (early)
Rationalism
Modern Platonism |
| Institutions | Board member of The New Centre for Research & Practice |
| Main interests | Philosophy of science, philosophy of mind |
| Notable ideas | Theory-fiction, 'philosophy of intelligence |
|  | |
| Website | https://toyphilosophy.com |


title: Cheering Section

abstract: Cheering Section is a 1977 film.

text:
# Cheering Section

***Cheering Section*** is a 1977 film.

## InfoBox

| Cheering Section | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Harry Kerwin |
| Written by | Wayne Crawford; Harry Kerwin |
| Produced by | Wayne Crawford; Mark Owen (executive producer); William Walsh (associate producer) |
| Starring | Rhonda Fox |
| Cinematography | William Walsh |
| Edited by | Charles Carrubba; Jane McCulley |
| Music by | Jeff Laine |
| Production<br>company | American General Pictures |
| Distributed by | Dimension Pictures |
| Release date | * 1977 (1977) |
| Country | USA |
| Language | English |


title: Dumporijo Assembly constituency

abstract: Dumporijo is one of the 60 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh state in India. It is part of Upper Subansiri district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes.

text:
# Dumporijo Assembly constituency

**Dumporijo** is one of the 60 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh state in India.

It is part of Upper Subansiri district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Election | Name | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | Takar Marde |  | Indian National Congress |
| 2014 | Pakgna Bage |  | Independent |
| 2019 | Rode Bui |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2024 | | | |
|

## Election results

### 2019

Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2019: Dumporijo
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **BJP** | **Rode Bui** |  |  |  |
|  | NOTA | None of the Above |  |  |  |
| Majority | | |  |  |  |
| Turnout | | |  |  |  |

27°59′N 94°13′E / 27.98°N 94.22°E / 27.98; 94.22

## InfoBox

| Dumporijo | |
| --- | --- |
| Constituency No. 26 for the Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly | |
| Constituency details | |
| Country | India |
| Region | Northeast India |
| State | Arunachal Pradesh |
| District | Upper Subansiri |
| LS constituency | Arunachal West |
| Established | 2004 |
| Total electors | 11,692 |
| Reservation | ST |
| Member of Legislative Assembly | |
| 11th Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly | |
| **Incumbent**  **Rode Bui** | |
| Party | Bharatiya Janata Party |


title: Citharinus macrolepis

abstract: Citharinus macrolepis is a species of lutefish in the family Citharinidae. It is found in tropical Africa, where it is very widespread in the Congo River basin.

text:
# Citharinus macrolepis

***Citharinus macrolepis*** is a species of lutefish in the family Citharinidae. It is found in tropical Africa, where it is very widespread in the Congo River basin.

## Description

*Citharinus macrolepis* reaches a standard length of 75 cm.

* Daget, J., 1984. Citharinidae. p. 212-216. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 1.

## InfoBox

| *Citharinus macrolepis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Characiformes |
| Family: | Citharinidae |
| Genus: | *Citharinus* |
| Species: | ***C. macrolepis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Citharinus macrolepis***
Boulenger, 1899 | |
|


title: Leinster Airport

abstract: Leinster Airport is an airport in Leinster, Western Australia.

text:
# Leinster Airport

**Leinster Airport** (IATA: **LER**, ICAO: **YLST**) is an airport in Leinster, Western Australia.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| --- | --- |
| Alliance Airlines | **Charter:** Perth |

## InfoBox

| Leinster Airport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Operator | BHP |
| Location | Leinster, Western Australia |
| Elevation AMSL | 1,631 ft / 497 m |
| Coordinates | 27°50′36″S 120°42′12″E / 27.84333°S 120.70333°E / -27.84333; 120.70333 |
| Map | |
| YLSTLocation in Western Australia | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  m ft  10/28 1,800 5,906 Asphalt | |
| Sources: Australian AIP and aerodrome chart | |


title: Causal Ocean

abstract: In Hindu cosmology, the Karanodaka or the Garbhodaka, also referred to as the Causal Ocean, is the origin of material creation. It is the place in the spiritual sky where Mahavishnu lies down and creates the material world. The Causal Ocean is the border between the spiritual and material worlds.

text:
# Causal Ocean

In Hindu cosmology, the **Karanodaka** (IAST: *Kāraṇodaka*) or the **Garbhodaka** (IAST: *garbhodaka*), also referred to as the **Causal Ocean,** is the origin of material creation. It is the place in the spiritual sky where Mahavishnu lies down and creates the material world. The Causal Ocean is the border between the spiritual and material worlds.

## Literature

The Bhagavata Purana offers the following details regarding the Causal Ocean:

> Lord Maha-Vishnu is the source of thousands of avataras in His thousands and thousands of subjective portions. He is the creator of countless individual souls. He is also known by the name of Narayana, meaning the shelter of all the individual jiva souls. From Him springs forth the vast expanse of water known as the spiritual Causal Ocean wherein the material creation takes place. Maha-Vishnu then reclines in the waters of the Causal Ocean in a state of divine sleep, called yoga-nidra. Thus, it is said that the universal creation is but the dream of Maha-Vishnu.
>
> Bhagavata Purana

The above text also talks about this ocean with regards to the hiranyagarbha, the golden cosmic egg of creation:

> When this Virāṭ Puruṣa (Brahmā), bursting open the Cosmic Egg, came out and stood apart from the Brah'māṇḍa, he pondered over a place for himself. He himself being pure, created pure water (called garbhodaka). On those waters created by Him, he lay for a period of a thousand years. Waters were created by the Man (nara) \[and hence came to be called nārā\] He is called Nārāyaṇa (as nārā or waters were his ayana ‘place of abode’).
>
> Bhagavata Purana, Chapter 10

Mahavishnu is described to lie down in the Causal Ocean. The water of the Causal Ocean is also referred to as the *Karana Ocean*, and is regarded as wholly spiritual since it originated from the body of Mahavishnu. The sacred Ganga is mentioned to have its source from this ocean, stated as the reason for its purifying effect. Balarama is described to expand into the great serpent known as Shesha. He is stated to repose on the Causal Ocean. He serves as the bed upon whom Vishnu reclines. The serpent is also stated to serve as the deity's paraphernalia, including such items as the umbrella, slippers, bedding, pillow, garments, resting chair, residence, the sacred *gayatri* thread, as well as his throne. During the time of creation, after Vishnu is described to have been sleeping for a while, the first emanations from the breathing of this deity are the personifications of the Vedas, who awake him from his slumber.

The *Dashavatara Stotram* mentions the Garbhodaka ocean:

> vasati dasana-sikhare dharani tava lagna
>
> sasini kalanka-kaleva nimagna kesava dhrta-sukara-rupa jaya jagadisa hare
>
> O Kesava! O Lord of the universe! O Lord Hari, who have assumed the form of a boar! All glories to You! The earth, which had become merged in the Garbhodaka Ocean at the bottom of the universe, sits fixed upon the tip of Your tusk like a spot upon the moon.
>
> Dashavatara Stotram


title: Bishop's Gaiters

abstract: The Bishop's Gaiters is the men's and women's athletic teams that represent Bishop's University in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. The name Gaiter is a nickname used to refer to garments worn over the shoe and lower pants leg, worn by Anglican bishops until the beginning of the 20th century. The teams play in U Sports, mostly competing in the Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ), while the football program competes in the Atlantic University Sport football conference. The Gaiters' home field is Coulter Field, a 2,200 seat capacity stadium located on the university's campus.

text:
# Bishop's Gaiters

The **Bishop's Gaiters** is the men's and women's athletic teams that represent Bishop's University in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. The name Gaiter is a nickname used to refer to garments worn over the shoe and lower pants leg, worn by Anglican bishops until the beginning of the 20th century. The teams play in U Sports, mostly competing in the Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ), while the football program competes in the Atlantic University Sport football conference. The Gaiters' home field is Coulter Field, a 2,200 seat capacity stadium located on the university's campus.

## Varsity teams

## Sports

### Rugby

The Bishop's Gaiters men's rugby team was established in 1976–77, the program was founded by long time head coach Bill Robson who led them to a first conference championship in 1990. That success was followed by further championship seasons in 1992, 1993, 1994, 1998 and 2003. The program currently competes in the 7 team RSEQ conference. It has been coached by Nic Clapinson since February 2022 while being led on the field by captain Kyle Corrigan. Clapinson became the fourth coach of the Rugby program, succeeding Bill Robson, Charles Goode, and Andrew Cowell.

### Football

The Gaiters football program first began in 1884 and has fielded teams in every decade since then. The team originally played at the intermediate level, but rose to prominence upon entry to the senior level (now varsity in U Sports football) under the guidance of then head coach, Bruce Coulter. The team won conference championships in 1964, 1971, 1986, 1988, and 1990 under Coutler and the school's football stadium was renamed in his honour in 1991 following his retirement. The team won one more Dunsmore Cup in 1994, which marks the last time that the team won a conference championship. However, following the move to the Atlantic University Sport conference in 2017, the team made an appearance in the Loney Bowl championship game in 2019. The team continues to play at Coulter Field and has been led by head coach Chérif Nicolas since 2017.

### Basketball

The hard-court has also brought Bishop's great success. The 1966-67 Men's Basketball Gaiters were the first basketball champions at Bishop's University, the Gaiters' "machine" rolled through the Ottawa-St. Lawrence Athletic Association with a 15–1 record before triumphing over Ottawa and MacDonald in the league playoffs. The men's basketball team enjoyed their most successful season in 1998, winning the CIAU National Championship, becoming the smallest Canadian university in history to do so. In 2015, the Gaiters won their second RSEQ championship in school history.

The women's basketball team also won back-to-back National Basketball championships in 1983 and 1984.

### Ice Hockey

The Gaiters joined the RSEQ conference for the 2021–22 season, becoming the 37th U SPORTS-level women's hockey university team in Canada. When the Gaiters joined the RSEQ, they became the first-Quebec based program not from the city of Montreal to compete in the conference.

## Awards and honors

### Athletes of the Year

| **Year** | **Female Athlete** | **Sport** | **Male Athlete** | **Sport** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2017-18 | Edith Noblecilla | Bishop's Gaiters women's basketball | Carter Filion | Rugby |
| 2018-19 | Erika Scott | Rugby | Josh Bray | Rugby |
| 2019-20 | Amaiquen Siciliano | Basketball | Nervens Demosthene | Basketball |
| 2022-23 | Amaiquen Siciliano | Basketball | Kyle Corrigan | Rugby |

## InfoBox

| Bishop's Gaiters | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| University | Bishop's University |
| Association | U Sports |
| Conference | Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec, Atlantic University Sport (football) |
| Athletic director | Matt McBrine |
| Location | Lennoxville, Quebec |
| Varsity teams | Basketball, football, rugby, soccer, golf |
| Football stadium | Coulter Field |
| Fight song | Official: "Alma Mater"
Unofficial: "Drink a Toast!" |
| Colours | Purple and Silver
 |
| Website | gaiters.ca |


title: Viaduc de la Jonction

abstract: The Viaduc de la Jonction is a rail viaduct in Geneva, Switzerland. It was completed in 1945. It is located above the confluence of the rivers Rhône & Arve, locally known as "la Jonction", from which it gets its name. The nearby district of La Jonction also gets its name from the confluence. It carries two railway tracks and a footpath over the confluence. It carried only freight trains until Lancy-Pont-Rouge railway station was opened in 2002, but is an integral part of the CEVA crossrail project.

text:
# Viaduc de la Jonction

The **Viaduc de la Jonction** (**Viaduct of the Junction**) is a rail viaduct in Geneva, Switzerland. It was completed in 1945.

It is located above the confluence of the rivers Rhône & Arve, locally known as "la Jonction" (the Junction), from which it gets its name. The nearby district of La Jonction also gets its name from the confluence.

It carries two railway tracks and a footpath over the confluence. It carried only freight trains until Lancy-Pont-Rouge railway station was opened in 2002, but is an integral part of the CEVA crossrail project.

46°12′04″N 6°07′15″E / 46.2012°N 6.1209°E / 46.2012; 6.1209


title: The Independent (India)

abstract: The Independent was an Allahabad based newspaper begun by Motilal Nehru in 1919. The paper closed down under British repression two years later. The Independent was started on 5 February 1919 with the primary aim of countering the moderate political line adopted by the then leading Allahabad daily The Leader. Motilal Nehru was assisted in the paper's establishment by B G Horniman and Syud Hossain who became the Independent's editor. The paper's purpose according to Motilal was 'to wage war against autocracy' and to 'think aloud for India', but from the very beginning the paper suffered from weak finances. The newspaper was noted for its radical line and trenchant criticism of the British policies. Syud Hossain resigned his editorship a few months later, after a discord with the Nehrus over his love affair with Vijayalakshmi Pandit, and left the country and George Joseph was appointed as his successor. With Joseph were three others on the editorial staff- Venkatraman, a lawyer, Sadanand who later became the manager of the Free Press group of newspapers and Mahadev Desai, Gandhi's associate and personal secretary. The strident critique of its policies was resented by the colonial government. In 1921 the Chief Secretary of the United Provinces wrote to George and the Independent's publisher C B Ranga Iyer accusing them of inciting violence through their publication and further asking them to refrain from publishing any such material in the future. The editor and the paper however chose to ignore the government's warning. On 6 December 1921, George Joseph was arrested and in a trial held the next day sentenced to three years in prison. The government also confiscated the paper's security deposit. On 22 December 1921, Mahadev Desai started publishing the paper again under the caption 'I change, but I cannot die'. These were cyclostyled copies of a handwritten paper and each copy of it was auctioned, fetching a total sum of ₹350. Soon, Desai too was arrested and sentenced to a year's rigorous imprisonment for bringing out an unregistered newspaper. Following his arrest, Devdas Gandhi took over the newspaper.

text:
# The Independent (India)

***The Independent*** was an Allahabad based newspaper begun by Motilal Nehru in 1919. The paper closed down under British repression two years later.

*The Independent* was started on 5 February 1919 with the primary aim of countering the moderate political line adopted by the then leading Allahabad daily *The Leader*. Motilal Nehru was assisted in the paper's establishment by B G Horniman and Syud Hossain who became the *Independent*'s editor. The paper's purpose according to Motilal was 'to wage war against autocracy' and to 'think aloud for India', but from the very beginning the paper suffered from weak finances. The newspaper was noted for its radical line and trenchant criticism of the British policies.

Syud Hossain resigned his editorship a few months later, after a discord with the Nehrus over his love affair with Vijayalakshmi Pandit, and left the country and George Joseph was appointed as his successor. With Joseph were three others on the editorial staff- Venkatraman, a lawyer, Sadanand who later became the manager of the Free Press group of newspapers and Mahadev Desai, Gandhi's associate and personal secretary. The strident critique of its policies was resented by the colonial government. In 1921 the Chief Secretary of the United Provinces wrote to George and the *Independent*'s publisher C B Ranga Iyer accusing them of inciting violence through their publication and further asking them to refrain from publishing any such material in the future. The editor and the paper however chose to ignore the government's warning.

On 6 December 1921, George Joseph was arrested and in a trial held the next day sentenced to three years in prison. The government also confiscated the paper's security deposit. On 22 December 1921, Mahadev Desai started publishing the paper again under the caption 'I change, but I cannot die'. These were cyclostyled copies of a handwritten paper and each copy of it was auctioned, fetching a total sum of 350. Soon, Desai too was arrested and sentenced to a year's rigorous imprisonment for bringing out an unregistered newspaper. Following his arrest, Devdas Gandhi took over the newspaper.


title: Cheerio Meredith

abstract: Cheerio Meredith was an American character actress. She was described in a 1963 newspaper article as having "a face like a wrinkled rosebud."

text:
# Cheerio Meredith

**Cheerio Meredith** (born **Edwina Lucille Hoffmann**; July 12, 1890  December 25, 1964) was an American character actress. She was described in a 1963 newspaper article as having "a face like a wrinkled rosebud."

## Early life

Meredith was born in 1890; her mother was an elocutionist in the Chautauqua movement, and one of her grandmothers was an evangelist. Meredith made her own debut on stage with a monologue at age 3. The name Cheerio resulted from her cheerful attitude as a child.

As a teenager, Meredith sought to play older characters. At age 15, she asked a producer to give her the part of an old woman, and he made her a witch in the play.

## Film and television

Films in which Meredith appeared included *Brand of Courage* (1958), *The Long Count* (1962), *The Fat Man* (1951), *I'll Cry Tomorrow* (1955), *I Married a Woman* (1958), *The Legend of Tom Dooley* (1958), *The Three Stooges in Orbit* (1962), *The Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm* (1962) and *Sex and the Single Girl (1964).*

On television, Meredith portrayed Lovey Hackett on *One Happy Family* (1961). She also was seen regularly on *The Ames Brothers Show* (1955) and had the role of Emma Brand (later Emma Watson) on *The Andy Griffith Show.* Mary Lou Gedman wrote about Meredith's role on the Griffith show, "During her two-year stint on the show, she only appeared in six episodes but somehow, to the American people, she made a lasting impression." She also had roles in other programs such as *Petticoat Junction*, *December Bride*, *The Dick Van Dyke Show*, *The Tom Ewell Show*, *McHale's Navy* and *Bonanza.*

## Personal life and death

Meredith was twice married and had four children, three of whom acted on Broadway before going into other careers. The fourth became a producer of plays.

In December 1964, "after a long illness", Meredith died at the Motion Picture Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills, California. She was 74 years old. Meredith was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles County, California.

## InfoBox

| Cheerio Meredith | |
| --- | --- |
| Meredith in *A Fig Leaf for Eve* (1944) | |
| Born | Edwina Lucille Hoffmann
(1890-07-12)July 12, 1890
Missouri, U.S. |
| Died | December 25, 1964(1964-12-25) (aged 74)
Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Resting place | Forest Lawn Memorial Park Hollywood Hills |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 19441964 |
| Spouses | *   Conde Thompson Mosley  (m. 1910; died 1949) * Chester Morrison |
| Children | 4 |