title: Scrubs season 4

abstract: The fourth season of the American comedy television series Scrubs premiered on NBC on August 31, 2004, and concluded on May 10, 2005, and consists of 25 episodes. Heather Graham guest starred for an extended run for the first 8 episodes and then another appearance later in the season. Colin Farrell, Matthew Perry, Molly Shannon, Clay Aiken, and Tara Reid guest starred. This season was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series. As the season opens, Turk arrives from his honeymoon with Carla but they soon have issues when Carla tries to change many things about her new husband. Their marriage and Turk's friendship with J.D. are also endangered when J.D. and Carla share a drunken kiss. Dr. Cox and Jordan learn that their divorce was not final, but this seemingly good news causes friction. Elliot is still angry with J.D. for breaking her heart, and the situation becomes more uncomfortable still when she dates J.D.'s brother. J.D. has a new love interest of his own when a new and very attractive psychiatrist, Dr. Molly Clock, arrives at Sacred Heart. Molly serves as Elliot's mentor during her time at the hospital.

text:
# Scrubs season 4

The fourth season of the American comedy television series *Scrubs* premiered on NBC on August 31, 2004, and concluded on May 10, 2005, and consists of 25 episodes. Heather Graham guest starred for an extended run for the first 8 episodes and then another appearance later in the season. Colin Farrell, Matthew Perry, Molly Shannon, Clay Aiken, and Tara Reid guest starred. This season was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series.

As the season opens, Turk arrives from his honeymoon with Carla but they soon have issues when Carla tries to change many things about her new husband. Their marriage and Turk's friendship with J.D. are also endangered when J.D. and Carla share a drunken kiss. Dr. Cox and Jordan learn that their divorce was not final, but this seemingly good news causes friction. Elliot is still angry with J.D. for breaking her heart, and the situation becomes more uncomfortable still when she dates J.D.'s brother. J.D. has a new love interest of his own when a new and very attractive psychiatrist, Dr. Molly Clock (Heather Graham), arrives at Sacred Heart. Molly serves as Elliot's mentor during her time at the hospital.

## Cast and characters

### Main cast

## Production

Tad Quill and Bill Callahan, who Lawrence had worked with on *Spin City*, came on as co-executive producers. Bonnie Sikowiz returned to write an episode. David Feinberg was hired as a staff writer. Rich Eustis did not return.

## Episodes

*Scrubs* season 4 episodes
| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | Prod.
code | U.S. viewers
(millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 69 | 1 | "My Old Friend's New Friend" | Bill Lawrence | Eric Weinberg | August 31, 2004 (2004-08-31) | 401 | 8.46 |
| Turk and Carla start to have issues when Carla tries to change everything about her new husband. Molly Clock (Heather Graham), the hospital's new psychiatrist, becomes friends with Elliot because she believes Turk, J.D. and Carla are shutting her out. Also, when Turk and J.D.'s car blows up, Carla lets him pick out the new ride only to find that instead of a car, he buys three scooters for them, further proving Carla's point that she needs to always be in control. The episode guest stars the Sugarhill Gang. | | | | | | | |
| 70 | 2 | "My Office" | Gail Mancuso | Matt Tarses | September 7, 2004 (2004-09-07) | 402 | 7.90 |
| J.D. and Elliot are both named the hospital's new chief residents by Dr. Cox, however, due to their recent relationship problems, they find it hard to work together. Meanwhile, Dr. Cox and Turk have great difficulty in the removal of a light bulb from a patient's posterior, although some assistance from the Janitor helps. | | | | | | | |
| 71 | 3 | "My New Game" | Ken Whittingham | Gabrielle Allan | September 14, 2004 (2004-09-14) | 403 | 7.56 |
| J.D. is annoyed at the janitor for spreading the word that he is the "Co-chief" Resident and Elliot the Chief Resident. Dr. Cox and Jordan have relationship problems when they find out that their divorce was not final, which, while seeming like good news at first, quickly begins to cause friction between them. The other annoying woman in Dr. Cox's life, Dr. Molly Clock, faces off with him over a plastic surgery patient who is upset that she is actually better looking since her reconstructive surgery. J.D. thinks up a new game – "Gravelling" other people by placing stones in their shoes. | | | | | | | |
| 72 | 4 | "My First Kill" | Ken Whittingham | Tad Quill | September 21, 2004 (2004-09-21) | 404 | 8.58 |
| When J.D. asks Dr. Cox to give the residents a pep talk, Dr. Cox takes things a little too far by telling them that inevitably, they will eventually kill a patient or two, which causes J.D. to wonder whether he has ever specifically let someone die through his own incompetence and comes to the conclusion that he has not done so yet, though Dr. Cox is of the impression that it will happen eventually. Elsewhere, Elliot fights for an ex-drug addict patient to receive a heart valve, and becomes frustrated when Molly goes against her professionally about it. Carla decides to clean Rowdy, and loses him. This leads her to replace the stuffed dog with a replica named Steven, who is 2 inches shorter. J.D. has a dream sequence with patients who died in the first three seasons, including: Mrs. Tanner (Kathryn Joosten), Aaron Simon (Jack Shearer), Elaine (Jill Tracy) and Mr. Bursky (Ted Rogers). Cary Brothers plays a karaoke singer, though he is truly singing his song "Blue Eyes" from the soundtrack for Zach Braff's film *Garden State*. | | | | | | | |
| 73 | 5 | "Her Story" | John Inwood | Angela Nissel | September 28, 2004 (2004-09-28) | 405 | 8.99 |
| Told from the perspective of Elliot: she starts to doubt Molly being the perfect mentor when she finds out her boyfriend is a convicted felon. Nevertheless, Dr. Cox helps her decide that personal lives should be kept separate from professional lives. Also Turk is constantly waking up Carla when he goes to bed; and J.D. has concerns that Dr. Cox may have ruined his credibility with the new residents. | | | | | | | |
| 74 | 6 | "My Cake" | Henry Chan | Neil Goldman & Garrett Donovan | October 12, 2004 (2004-10-12) | 406 | 7.93 |
| J.D.'s brother Dan (Tom Cavanagh) comes to visit with news their father has died. Dr. Cox has difficulty helping J.D. get out of his depression. Meanwhile, Turk has symptoms of diabetes but in his stubbornness refuses to admit it or visit a doctor as Carla wishes. Molly must employ some advanced psychology to force him to face the issue.
J.D.'s and Dan's father, Sam Dorian, was played by John Ritter in the episode "My Old Man". The episode was dedicated to the memory of Ritter, who died on September 11, 2003, from an aortic dissection. | | | | | | | |
| 75 | 7 | "My Common Enemy" | Joanna Kerns | Bill Callahan | October 19, 2004 (2004-10-19) | 407 | 8.17 |
| J.D. is forced to deal with the romance between Elliot and his brother Dan, who is still staying with them after the death of their father. Elsewhere, Dr. Cox and Dr. Kelso get fed up with Molly's perception that everyone is good at heart and seek to prove her wrong. | | | | | | | |
| 76 | 8 | "My Last Chance" | Zach Braff | Mike Schwartz | October 26, 2004 (2004-10-26) | 408 | 6.94 |
| Molly and J.D. are on the brink of sleeping together, but must first get the permission of Elliot, who cannot resist playing games with J.D. Meanwhile Dr. Cox has to fulfil community service hours by working in an ambulance with Denise Lemmon (Molly Shannon), a very annoying paramedic. | | | | | | | |
| 77 | 9 | "My Malpractice Decision" | Gail Mancuso | Janae Bakken | November 9, 2004 (2004-11-09) | 409 | 8.93 |
| J.D. and Dr. Cox must deal with cunning malpractice attorney Neena Broderick (Julianna Margulies) as she attends to her father. Turk tries to avoid the hypochondriac Harvey Corman (Richard Kind) while Elliot steers her underachieving colleague Doug on a new career path. | | | | | | | |
| 78 | 10 | "My Female Trouble" | Chris Koch | Debra Fordham | November 16, 2004 (2004-11-16) | 410 | 8.37 |
| J.D. has a difficult time ending his impromptu relationship with Neena as she now represents Mr. Corman – who has decided to sue Turk, over allegations that the surgery Turk performed on him ruined his tennis serve – and asks Jordan for help. Elliot pretends to be a male doctor to avoid issues with a sexist patient who happens to be one of the hospital's board members. | | | | | | | |
| 79 | 11 | "My Unicorn" | Matthew Perry | Gabrielle Allan & Tad Quill | November 23, 2004 (2004-11-23) | 411 | 8.13 |
| J.D. befriends the son of a noted singer who is unwilling to donate a kidney to his ailing father. Carla and Jordan, despite the warnings of Turk, teach Elliot to use her sexuality to her advantage, which causes catastrophe. The episode guest stars John Bennett Perry as Gregory Marks, Matthew Perry as Murray Marks and Masi Oka as Franklyn. | | | | | | | |
| 80 | 12 | "My Best Moment" | Chris Koch | Angela Nissel | December 7, 2004 (2004-12-07) | 412 | 6.97 |
| When J.D. has to address a group of pre-med students about what it is like to be a doctor, he strays off the beaten path and chooses to discuss his best moments as a doctor instead. When he challenges the rest of the staff to do so, they all reminisce about their fondest memories in the medical field. Meanwhile, Elliot is forced to face her fear of children when she is left in charge of a ten-year-old boy, whose father is being treated in the ICU. Elsewhere, Dr. Kelso gets a dose of Christmas spirit and stuns the staff with his change of heart. | | | | | | | |
| 81 | 13 | "My Ocardial Infarction" | Ken Whittingham | Mark Stegemann | January 18, 2005 (2005-01-18) | 413 | 6.52 |
| When Elliot begins to emerge as the better doctor, J.D. is left struggling to catch up. Turk tries to make money from his diabetes until he discovers he must amputate a patient's foot due to diabetes and begins to take it more seriously. Elsewhere, the Janitor feels rejected by his secret crush Elliot when she runs off quickly from their "coffee date." Assuming his nice dress attire scared her off, he makes up a story that he was dressed to impress for his acapella band practice, which leads to Elliot requesting an impromptu performance. | | | | | | | |
| 82 | 14 | "My Lucky Charm" | Chris Koch | Mike Schwartz | January 25, 2005 (2005-01-25) | 415 | 7.02 |
| A man involved in a bar fight teaches Turk and J.D. about living life to the fullest. Elliot and Carla find their friendship beginning to break down when they cannot stick to their social plans. Also, Dr. Cox gets a vasectomy behind Jordan's back. The episode guest stars Colin Farrell as Billy Callahan. | | | | | | | |
| 83 | 15 | "My Hypocritical Oath" | Craig Zisk | Tim Hobert | February 1, 2005 (2005-02-01) | 414 | 8.04 |
| J.D. becomes attracted to a bartender named Kylie (Chrystee Pharris), then finds out her new boyfriend has an STD. However, he cannot tell her because of patient/doctor confidentiality. Meanwhile, Dr. Cox anxiously awaits the Lakers/Heat game but must tape it to watch after his shift. His patience is tested when the Janitor threatens to reveal the final score. | | | | | | | |
| 84 | 16 | "My Quarantine" | Michael Spiller | Tad Quill | February 8, 2005 (2005-02-08) | 416 | 6.72 |
| During a date with Kylie, J.D. has to go to the hospital, and while there he casually remarks that a patient's symptoms resemble SARS, which means that the entire ICU staff — including Jordan's sister Danni on a surprise visit — is trapped in quarantine for the night. J.D. pays a homeless guy to fake a heart attack so he can look more heroic in front of Kylie. The episode guest stars Tara Reid as Danni. | | | | | | | |
| 85 | 17 | "My Life in Four Cameras" | Adam Bernstein | Debra Fordham | February 15, 2005 (2005-02-15) | 417 | 6.66 |
| When Dr. Cox fumes at Dr. Kelso for firing another staff member due to budget cuts, Dr. Kelso challenges him to balance the budget without firing anyone. Meanwhile, a sitcom writer is admitted, and J.D. starts to fantasize about what it would be like if the hospital were a sitcom, complete with a live audience. Also, Turk and Carla have difficulty trying to keep the romance in their relationship going. The episode guest stars Clay Aiken. | | | | | | | |
| 86 | 18 | "My Roommates" | Craig Zisk | Tim Hobert | February 22, 2005 (2005-02-22) | 418 | 7.65 |
| J.D. is having some trouble with Kylie. Turk and Carla ask J.D. to move out to give them space. However, his absence causes them to realize they are having problems with their relationship. Meanwhile, Dr. Cox believes his friend's child has autism. The episode guest stars Michael Boatman and features a cameo by Ed McMahon. | | | | | | | |
| 87 | 19 | "My Best Laid Plans" | Zach Braff | Bill Callahan | March 1, 2005 (2005-03-01) | 419 | 7.15 |
| Molly returns to Sacred Heart, and J.D. blows off his girlfriend Kylie to go out with her. Carla tries not to make "mountains out of molehills" when she realizes Turk is still in contact with an ex-girlfriend. The Janitor bets Dr. Cox that he can get a date with Elliot, the wager being his van against Dr. Cox's Porsche. | | | | | | | |
| 88 | 20 | "My Boss' Free Haircut" | John Inwood | Mark Stegemann | March 29, 2005 (2005-03-29) | 420 | 6.38 |
| When Carla and Turk are experiencing marital difficulties, J.D. and Elliot do their part to try and cheer them up. Meanwhile, Dr. Cox challenges Dr. Kelso to lead by example and take on a few patients of his own after Kelso criticizes his bedside manner — but he is not aware that the Doctor/Patient relationship has changed. Features Cody Estes in his sixth and final appearance as Young/Child J.D., dating back to "My Super Ego." | | | | | | | |
| 89 | 21 | "My Lips Are Sealed" | John Michel | Janae Bakken | April 5, 2005 (2005-04-05) | 421 | 5.76 |
| J.D. and Carla get drunk while J.D. is trying to reconcile her and Turk and they accidentally kiss, and both agree to keep the incident secret from Turk. At the hospital, Elliot and Dr. Kelso struggle to maintain their professionalism when faced with a young patient who is suffering from complications after experimenting with erectile dysfunction pills. Meanwhile, Dr. Cox tries to find the balance between being an over-protective father while still trying to be the cool dad after his son falls off the jungle gym. | | | | | | | |
| 90 | 22 | "My Big Move" | Victor Nelli, Jr. | Bonnie Sikowitz | April 12, 2005 (2005-04-12) | 422 | 5.38 |
| Turk learns about the kiss between J.D. and Carla, and not knowing whom to blame gives them both the silent treatment until he knows who initiated it. Dr. Cox needs Elliot's help in reaching out to a teenage epileptic patient. Jordan gets Botox and renders her face temporarily frozen, which causes a problem when it threatens to keep her from attending Dr. Cox's teaching award acceptance. The Janitor gets unexpected reactions from his new uniform. | | | | | | | |
| 91 | 23 | "My Faith in Humanity" | Ken Whittingham | David Feinberg | April 19, 2005 (2005-04-19) | 423 | 5.82 |
| J.D. is forced to confront human nature when a dying woman is brought to the hospital by her neighbor, Jake (Josh Randall). Jake helps the patient realize it is time to die. Unfortunately, her brother decides to sue him for this. Elliot goes to Dr. Cox and Carla for romantic advice regarding Jake. Turk is having difficulty in couple's therapy. The episode guest stars Ellen Albertini Dow as Betty and Jim Hanks as Dr. Turner. | | | | | | | |
| 92 | 24 | "My Drive-By" | Will Mackenzie | Angela Nissel | April 26, 2005 (2005-04-26) | 424 | 5.96 |
| When Turk saves a man's life at the local taco stand, he tries to keep his ego in check as Dr. Cox takes all of the credit. To avoid ruining her new relationship with Jake, Elliot enlists J.D.'s help to prevent her dates from becoming too intimate. Meanwhile, Dr. Kelso terrorizes the hospital from the seat of his new motorized wheelchair until Janitor takes matters into his own hands. | | | | | | | |
| 93 | 25 | "My Changing Ways" | Victor Nelli, Jr. | Bill Lawrence | May 10, 2005 (2005-05-10) | 425 | 6.01 |
| J.D. prepares to start living life on his own, and strains his friendship with Turk. Elliot makes an effort to pursue a new career opportunity at another hospital in town, and this upsets Carla who thought Elliot was staying, despite the close proximity of the new job. Dr. Cox tries to prevent Jordan from accepting a job at the hospital. | | | | | | | |

### Notes

* denotes a "supersized" episode, running an extended length of 25–28 minutes.

General references

## InfoBox

| *Scrubs* | |
| --- | --- |
| Season 4 | |
| DVD cover | |
| No. of episodes | 25 |
| Release | |
| Original network | NBC |
| Original release | August 31, 2004 (2004-08-31)
May 10, 2005 (2005-05-10) |
| Season chronology | |
|


title: Scott Stuckey

abstract: Scott Stuckey is an American filmmaker and record producer from Washington, D.C. Stuckey is best known as the creator of the television show Pancake Mountain, as well as his work with singer-songwriter Vic Chesnutt.

text:
# Scott Stuckey

**Scott Stuckey** (born March 23, 1964) is an American filmmaker and record producer from Washington, D.C. Stuckey is best known as the creator of the television show *Pancake Mountain*, as well as his work with singer-songwriter Vic Chesnutt.

## Career

Stuckey was born in Eastman, Georgia, United States. His mother was an English teacher and father, W. S. Stuckey Jr., a Congressman from Georgia’s 8th district. His grandfather started Stuckey's, a chain of restaurants on the highway. Stuckey grew up in Washington, D.C. He later moved to New York City and studied at Parsons School of Design, but did not complete a degree.

In 1989, he began recording bands at his home studio in Athens, Georgia. Stuckey and Vic Chesnutt became friends and worked on film and music projects that continued up until Chesnutt’s death.

While working on an R.E.M video with director Jem Cohen in the early 1990s Stuckey began to move back to filmmaking. He would go on to direct music videos and documentaries for Thievery Corporation, Widespread Panic, Vic Chesnutt, Bob Mould, Minor Threat, and Garbage.

Through *Pancake Mountain* he has directed and worked with artists such as Katy Perry, The White Stripes, M.I.A., and Eddie Vedder. As a songwriter Stuckey has written original songs for the show. Many of the contacts he made as a producer/engineer became early guests on *Pancake Mountain*.

## Work with *Pancake Mountain*

*Pancake Mountain* was created by Stuckey as an homage to local TV as well as his fondness for DIY community-based art movements like DC's Dischord Records Scene and The Factory. Early music contributions to the show include The Evens, who wrote a song for the first episode of *Pancake Mountain*. The song "Vowel Movements" was well received by punk audiences, who reviewed the show positively.

In 2009 he found an unlikely fan in producer/director J. J. Abrams who wanted to produce the show. Abrams and Stuckey spent two years pitching the show, without success. In 2011, Stuckey and Abrams decided to cancel the show. The last skit was with Garbage's Shirley Manson and talking dogs. Production halted until June 2014, when PBS Digital Studios premiered new episodes of *Pancake Mountain* with Stuckey having full creative control.

## Critical response

*Pancake Mountain* was listed as a Critic's Pick in the *Los Angeles Times*.

CNN's Chuck Roberts credited Stuckey with creating a new genre for television.


title: CapLinked

abstract: CapLinked is an online business transaction and project management application developed in the United States. The company's SaaS platform includes tools for document management, similar to a Virtual Data Room, messaging, updates, and business intelligence tools.

text:
# CapLinked

**CapLinked** is an online business transaction and project management application developed in the United States. The company's SaaS platform includes tools for document management, similar to a Virtual Data Room, messaging, updates, and business intelligence tools.

## Company history

CapLinked was founded in 2010 by Eric Jackson, former Vice President of Marketing at PayPal and author of The PayPal Wars, and Christopher Grey, founder of Crestridge Investors and former managing director at Emigrant Bank. The company's investors include PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel, Palantir Technologies co-founder Joe Lonsdale, 500 Startups partner Dave McClure, Sonos CFO Aman Verjee, and 7th Rig managing partner David Anderson. Since its launch, the company has been profiled in several publications, including *Forbes*, GigaOm, and the *Wall Street Journal*. The firm operates out of Manhattan Beach, California.

## Product overview

CapLinked provides a platform for various types of business deals such as capital raises, private placements, M&A, and investor reporting. Tools to help with these deals include online Workspaces for document storage and sharing, activity and audit tracking, and a messaging platform for Investor Relations and CRM. As of August 2012, over 100,000 members had managed over $20 Billion using the site.

## InfoBox

CapLinked
| Founded | 2010 (2010) |
| --- | --- |
| Founder | Eric Jackson<br>Christopher Grey |
| Headquarters | Manhattan Beach, California |
| Key people |  |


title: Scout camp

abstract: A Scout camp is a youth center, hostel, facility or campsite. They can be found both in nature and in urban environments. Scout parks are run by youth Scouts, and Scout leaders, generally on a volunteer basis. They are open to both Scouts and the community at large.

text:
# Scout camp

A **Scout camp** (also known as a Scout Centre, or a Scout Park) is a youth center, hostel, facility or campsite. They can be found both in nature and in urban environments. Scout parks are run by youth Scouts, and Scout leaders, generally on a volunteer basis. They are open to both Scouts and the community at large.

## Background

The world's first scout park was Gilwell Park near London, purchased by the British Scout Association in 1919. It also has an adult education center and scout campground. After World War I, the Hárshegy Training Park was established at Ferenc Hill in Budapest.

Scout camps are a place to go learn Scoutcraft, and are always affiliated with a Scout association from that country. As an example, the now closed Breyer Training Area was run by the Philadelphia Council of the BSA. The camp was accessible from the city by train to the Jenkintown station.

The organizations that run the parks use the Scout Spirit as a guiding principal, in which special attention is paid to conservation and the environment in its operation. Parks, like the Kandersteg International Scout Centre, provide an opportunity for Scouts from other countries to work and can get to know the country in their spare time.

## InfoBox

| Scout camp | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
|


title: Seal River (Manitoba)

abstract: The Seal River is a river in the Northern Region of Manitoba, Canada. It travels 260 kilometres (160 mi) from Shethanei Lake to the Hudson Bay. The river was nominated for the Canadian Heritage Rivers System in 1987 and was officially listed in 1992. In January 2024, the Governments of Canada and Manitoba and Members of the Sayisi Dene First Nation, O-Pipon-Na-Piwin Cree Nation, Northlands Denesuline First Nation and Barren Lands First Nation reached an agreement to designate the watershed as an Indigenous and community conserved area.

text:
# Seal River (Manitoba)

The **Seal River** is a river in the Northern Region of Manitoba, Canada. It travels 260 kilometres (160 mi) from Shethanei Lake to the Hudson Bay. The river was nominated for the Canadian Heritage Rivers System in 1987 and was officially listed in 1992. In January 2024, the Governments of Canada and Manitoba and Members of the Sayisi Dene First Nation, O-Pipon-Na-Piwin Cree Nation, Northlands Denesuline First Nation and Barren Lands First Nation reached an agreement to designate the watershed as an Indigenous and community conserved area.

## Geography

At a length of 260 kilometers (162 mi), the Seal River is one of the four major rivers in Northern Manitoba, and it is the northernmost and only one that contains no dams. Its drainage basin is 50,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi) in area. The river is far removed from any human populations in the isolated wilderness. The nearest settlements are Churchill and the small Tadoule Lake. Churchill is about 45 kilometres (28 mi) south of the mouth of the river along the Hudson Bay, while Tadoule Lake is far inland near the source. There are no actual settlements or permanent human inhabitants along the Seal River. The nearest permanent road to connect Seal River to the rest of the Canadian populace is 275 kilometres (171 mi) southwest of the river. While the source of the Seal River is Shethanei Lake, that water comes from the North Seal River and South Seal River, which empty into the lake. Those two rivers are actually much longer and contain more water than the Seal River.

The river flows through a mix of boreal forests at the southernmost edge of Canada's tundra. Because it travels through this transition zone, the river travels through dense forests, as well as portions of the barren and rocky subarctic wilderness. The course of the river is inconsistent and very dangerous to navigate. The river has no human uses, except for the very few skilled travelers on rafts or canoes who brave the treacherous waters each year.

## History

Seal River was nominated for the Canadian Heritage Rivers System in 1987 because of its natural and ecological importance, not its importance to people in the development of the area. The whole course of the river is entirely undeveloped and far removed from any regular human intervention. The river is considered one of the last great wild rivers of Canada.

While the river served little use to the early European colonizers of the Hudson Bay region, the river itself served more importance for First Nations many centuries ago. The first European to navigate the Seal River was Samuel Hearne, who walked the route of the river in 1771. Early Europeans themselves saw no use for the river, while the only traces of their existence in the area were short-lived mining camps near the mouth of the river that date back only to the 1940s. While there are few historical remnants of European existence in the area, there are many artifacts belonging to the Chipewyan and even earlier Talteilei tribes. They regularly came to the river to hunt the vast amounts of caribou. Traces of First Nation presence in the area dates back up to 7,000 years ago.

Because there are no public travel accommodations near the river, access to the river can only be provided through various far-off airports — in which Churchill Airport and Tadoule Lake Airport are the closest. The rest of the journey to the river must be hiked. Charter tour groups of the river and the surrounding area are rare and very expensive. Because of the extreme isolation of the river and its dangerous topography, very few adventurers travel to the river on a yearly basis. The rivers owes its preservation to the harsh wilderness, infertile soil, and very cold climate, which have made the area very inhospitable to even the most experienced travelers.

## InfoBox

| Seal River | |
| --- | --- |
| Course and location of the mouth of the Seal River in Manitoba | |
| Etymology | Named for the harbour seals that are found up to 200 km (120 mi) up the river. |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Manitoba |
| Region | Northern Manitoba |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Shethanei Lake |
| coordinates | 58°47′59″N 97°49′59″W / 58.79972°N 97.83306°W / 58.79972; -97.83306 |
|  | |
| Mouth | Hudson Bay |
| coordinates | 59°4′19″N 94°47′56″W / 59.07194°N 94.79889°W / 59.07194; -94.79889 |
| Length | 260 km (160 mi) |
| Basin size | 50,000 km2 (19,000 sq mi) |


title: Sean Ferriter

abstract: Sean Ferriter is an Irish former Gaelic footballer who played for St Eunan's and the Donegal county team. His position was in midfield.

text:
# Sean Ferriter

**Sean Ferriter** (born 15 September 1938) is an Irish former Gaelic footballer who played for St Eunan's and the Donegal county team. His position was in midfield (though he did play as a goalkeeper for his school).

## Early life and education

Born in Milford, County Donegal, his parents were Garda Morgan (from West Kerry) and Tess (from Baltray in County Louth). He was one of six children: four sons and two daughters. He attended Dunfanaghy National School for his primary education. For his secondary education, Ferriter attended St Eunan's College as a boarder, playing for the school team (as a goalkeeper) and being greatly influenced by John Wilson, the Gaelic footballer and future Tánaiste who was teaching there at that time.

## Playing career

Ferriter played for the Donegal team that won the 1956 Ulster Minor Football Championship. He made his senior debut for Donegal in 1957 against Tyrone at the age of 18.

He captained the Donegal team that overcame Cavan in the 1963 Ulster Senior Football Championship semi-final, thus earning his team a place in the final for the first time.

He played for Donegal in the 1964–65 National Football League semi-final against Kerry.

He won three Donegal Senior Football Championships with his club St Eunan's. He also played for Ulster in the Railway Cup, with whom he won two titles.

## Retirement

A former Garda, Ferriter served for a time in Dublin. His experience of Dublin proved invaluable to Brian McEniff when Donegal qualified for the 1992 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final — against Dublin.

Ferriter later studied law and qualified as a solicitor, practising in the Dublin suburb of Blanchardstown.

He met his wife Mary, originally from Thurles, while she was working as a civil servant in Dublin (where Ferriter was at the time based as a Garda); she predeceased him. He has eight children. One of his sons, Paul, is a sculptor.

## Accolades

In 2001, the *Donegal Democrat* included Ferriter in a Millennium Team.

In May 2012, the *Irish Independent* named him in its selection of Donegal's "greatest team" spanning the previous 50 years.

In 2020, he was announced as the 44th inductee into the Donegal Sports Star Awards Hall of Fame Award.

## InfoBox

Sean Ferriter
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sport | Gaelic football | | |
| Born | (1938-09-15) 15 September 1938 | | |
| Occupation | Garda<br>Solicitor | | |
| Club(s) | | | |
| Years | **Club** | | |
| 19??–? | St Eunan's | | |
| Club titles | | | |
| Donegal titles | 3 | | |
| Inter-county(ies) | | | |
| Years | **County** | | |
| 1957–19?? | Donegal | | |


title: Seattlehead

abstract: "Seattlehead" is a song written by American musician Duff McKagan. It is best known as a song by his band Loaded, from their album Dark Days; it also featured on earlier releases by Neurotic Outsiders as well as McKagan's unreleased solo album Beautiful Disease.

text:
# Seattlehead

"**Seattlehead**" (also typeset **Seattle Head**) is a song written by American musician Duff McKagan. It is best known as a song by his band Loaded, from their album *Dark Days*; it also featured on earlier releases by Neurotic Outsiders as well as McKagan's unreleased solo album *Beautiful Disease*.

## Composition

The song was originally written in the early 1990s, with its subject matter being "what L.A. came to represent, rather than what it is". It also references McKagan's move to Los Angeles from Seattle in 1984 with the lyrics: "Movin' to the city sight unseen/19 years of age I'm packing my bags/Hollywood was all the rage/I came to you in 1984/You showed me in, then you shut the door."

## Releases

The first version of the song was released as the B-side of the 1996 single "Jerk" by the supergroup Neurotic Outsiders, featuring McKagan, Guns N' Roses bandmate Matt Sorum, Sex Pistols guitarist Steve Jones and Duran Duran bassist John Taylor. It also featured on the *Angelina* EP released in Japan in 1997. This early version featured a shorter first verse than the later releases.

"Seattlehead" was later re-recorded for McKagan's second solo album *Beautiful Disease*, which was ultimately shelved after Geffen and Interscope Records merged. McKagan was dropped from the roster of the "new combined" label.

After the cancellation of the release of *Beautiful Disease*, McKagan decided to make a live release featuring new songs, which resulted in the release of Loaded's live album *Episode 1999: Live* including a live version of the song. McKagan began re-recording some of the songs from *Beautiful Disease* such as "Seattlehead" as well as new material at Jupiter Studios in Seattle for Loaded's debut studio album: *Dark Days*, released in the U.S. and Japan in July 2001 and in Europe in July 2002.

A 2001 music video by Eric Waggoner featuring clips of the band performing live in Japan was made available on Loaded's YouTube page in 2008.

## InfoBox

| "Seattlehead" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by Loaded | |
| from the album  *Dark Days* | |
| Released | July 2001 |
| Recorded | December 2000February 2001 at Jupiter Studios, Seattle, Washington |
| Genre | Hard rock, punk rock |
| Length | 3:48 |
| Label | Pimp |
| Songwriter(s) | Duff McKagan |
| Producer(s) | Martin Feveyear |


title: Seann Nicols

abstract: Seann Nicols is an American rock singer, songwriter, and music producer known for his association with bands such as Quiet Riot, Adler's Appetite, Bobby Blotzer's Ratt, and Westfield Massacre.

text:
# Seann Nicols

**Seann Nicols** is an American rock singer, songwriter, and music producer known for his association with bands such as Quiet Riot, Adler's Appetite, Bobby Blotzer's Ratt, and Westfield Massacre.

## Career

### Adler's Appetite (2005-2009)

In 2005, Nicols, then known as Sheldon Tarsha, joined Adler's Appetite, replacing the previous vocalist, Jizzy Pearl. He toured with the band in the US, South America, and Europe, performing the 'Appetite for Destruction' album.

### Tarsha (2007-2010)

During this period, Nicols fronted the band Tarsha, garnering attention with performances alongside bands like Anvil and Steel Panther. In 2010, Tarsha released "The Singles EP" following their 2007 album "Prophecies," which achieved online recognition.

### Icon (2009-2010)

Nicols joined the Phoenix-based rock band ICON in 2009 and performed with the group until May 2010, marking his departure with a performance opening for QUEENSRŸCHE at the Orpheum Theater in Phoenix, Arizona.

### Name Change (2011)

On April 29, 2011, Nicols announced his official name change from Sheldon Tarsha, stating both personal and professional reasons for the change.

### Quiet Riot (2016-2017)

In October 2016, Nicols joined Quiet Riot as a lead vocalist, working on new material for an anticipated 2017 album release on Frontiers Music SRL. His tenure with the band was short-lived due to creative and personal conflicts.

### Bobby Blotzer's Ratt (2017)

Nicols was announced as the new frontman for Bobby Blotzer's Ratt on March 7, 2017, replacing Joshua Alan. He made his live debut with the band on March 18, 2017, at the Prairie Knights Casino & Resort in Fort Yates, North Dakota

### Westfield Massacre (2017-2018)

Joining Westfield Massacre as the new lead vocalist in June 2017, Nicols contributed to their album "Salvation", released in October 2018 through Nerve Strike Records


title: Second Coming (Stryper album)

abstract: Second Coming is the fourteenth release and ninth studio album by American Christian heavy metal/hard rock band Stryper. The album features re-recorded versions of earlier material as well as two new songs.

text:
# Second Coming (Stryper album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Second Coming***  is the fourteenth release and ninth studio album by American Christian heavy metal/hard rock band Stryper. The album features re-recorded versions of earlier material as well as two new songs.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Loud 'n' Clear" | 3:46 |
| 2. | "Loving You" | 4:27 |
| 3. | "Soldiers Under Command" | 5:08 |
| 4. | "Makes Me Wanna Sing" | 2:50 |
| 5. | "First Love" | 5:22 |
| 6. | "The Rock That Makes Me Roll" | 4:53 |
| 7. | "Reach Out" | 5:24 |
| 8. | "Surrender" | 4:18 |
| 9. | "To Hell with the Devil" | 4:06 |
| 10. | "Calling on You" | 3:41 |
| 11. | "Free" | 3:41 |
| 12. | "The Way" | 3:37 |
| 13. | "Sing Along Song" | 4:23 |
| 14. | "More Than a Man" | 4:33 |
| 15. | "Bleeding from Inside Out" | 3:44 |
| 16. | "Blackened" | 3:08 |

Japanese edition bonus track
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 17. | "Together as One" | 4:45 |

## Personnel

**Stryper**

* Michael Sweet – lead and backing vocals, lead and rhythm guitars, guitar solo (1–3, 5–11, 15, 16)
* Oz Fox – lead and rhythm guitars, guitar solo (1, 3–9, 12, 14), backing vocals
* Tim Gaines – bass, backing vocals
* Robert Sweet – drums, percussion

**Additional musicians**

* Charles Foley – keyboards, backing vocals
* Paul McNamara – acoustic piano, keyboards

## Production

* Michael Sweet – producer
* Danny Bernini – engineer, mixing, mastering
* Kenny Lewis – additional recording, editing
* Stan-W Decker – artwork, layout
* Tina Enos – photography
* Marylin Becrelis – additional photography

## Charts

| Chart (2013) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 117 |
| US Christian Albums (*Billboard*) | 11 |
| US Independent Albums (*Billboard*) | 25 |
| US Top Hard Rock Albums (*Billboard*) | 9 |
| US Top Rock Albums (*Billboard*) | 35 |

## InfoBox

| Second Coming | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Stryper | |
| Released | March 26, 2013 |
| Recorded | 2012 |
| Genre | Christian metal, heavy metal |
| Label | Frontiers |
| Producer | Michael Sweet |
| Stryper chronology | |
| *The Covering*
(2011) ***Second Coming***
(2013) *No More Hell to Pay*
(2013) | |


title: Script (Unix)

abstract: The script command is a Unix utility that records a terminal session. It dates back to the 1979 3.0 Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD).

text:
# Script (Unix)

The **script** command is a Unix utility that records a terminal session. It dates back to the 1979 3.0 Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD).

## Usage

A script session is captured in file name `typescript` by default; to specify a different filename follow the `script` command with a space and the filename as such: `script recorded_session`.

The recorded format of `script` consists of plain-text timing information (for the whole session) and verbatim command output, including whatever ANSI escape code the program has printed for formatting. It uses a pseudoterminal for this purpose, so programs act exactly as if they were on a terminal. The util-linux `scriptreplay` command offers a replay function to its script, which supports using an extra timing file for character-level information. Some online services, such as the now-defunct shelr.tv, can also show the format as a low-bandwidth alternative to video screencasts.

## Problems with script command

One of the problems with the script command is that it only allows logging of a child process; and often there is a need to log the command in the current process without spawning a new process, such as when automation of a script is needed that can log its own output. The Unix operating systems make this possible by use of pipes and redirects. Consider the following model examples:

Bourne shell All shells related to Bourne shell (`sh`) — for example: Thompson shell (`sh`), Bash (`bash`), KornShell (`ksh`), Z shell (`zsh`) — allow the stdout and stderr to be attached to a named pipe and redirected to the tee command, for example:

```
LOGNAME="script"
rm -f $LOGNAME.p $LOGNAME.log
mknod $LOGNAME.p p
tee  <$LOGNAME.p $LOGNAME.log &
exec >$LOGNAME.p 2>&1

```

The above script records to `script.log` all output of the `exec` command. However, some interactive programs (such as Python) do not echo their standard input when run under the resulting shell, although they do when run under the script command, again due to the detection of a terminal.

## Alternatives to script command

The ttyrec program from 2000 provides the same kind of functionality and offers several bindings. The timing is similar to util-linux. A more modern take on the concept is "asciicast" JSON, used by asciinema.


title: Script breakdown

abstract: A script breakdown is an intermediate step in the production of a play, film, comic book, or any other work that is originally planned using a script.

text:
# Script breakdown

A **script breakdown** is an intermediate step in the production of a play, film, comic book, or any other work that is originally planned using a script.

## Film and television

In film and television, a **script breakdown** is an analysis of a screenplay in which all of the production elements are reduced into lists. Within these lists, are in essence the foundation of creating a production board, which is fundamental in creating a production schedule and production budget of an entire production of any film or television program in pre-production. This process is a very tedious and complex task, and is usually the responsibility of the Assistant Director or first or 1AD within the production staff of any given production company. However, many film directors and film producers have knowledge of breaking down a script.

In particular, literally breaking down the script is a very a thorough and detailed creative analysis of dramatic action in filmmaking, highlighting the reciprocal struggle, theme, and design elements of a screenplay. Which is to code the entire cast, extras, props, special effects, stunts, wranglers, picture cars, wardrobe, make-up and hair stylists, special equipment and or cameras, ADR, Foley, film scores and soundtracks etc., which are all broken-down with different colored marker highlights within a shooting script.

After which, these highlights are then organized and broken-down into strips to organize the production schedule within the actual physical production board. This process is more easily done nowadays utilizing a computer than done manually, with features inside Final Draft called tagger, or utilizing tagging mode inside Movie Magic Screenwriter, another effective computer program. This information can easily be imported over to Movie Magic Scheduling to create a digital production board, and then easily imported over to Movie Magic Budgeting to create the entire production budget. Most of the script and production computer software out there comes in both Microsoft and MacOS versions, and even though there is competing software on the market, these which are listed are considered to be an entertainment industry standard. This whole process of the script breakdown however is not to be confused with character breakdowns utilized with casting calls, this is an entire different process with similar names, however administered by two entirely separate departments.

### Marking elements

To ease future production, an assistant director marks the elements found in each scene. This process repeats for each new scene. By the end, the producer will be able to see which scenes need which elements, and can begin to schedule accordingly. The film industry has a standard for color-coding:

Element color codes
| Element | Shape or color | | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Cast |  | Red | Any speaking actor |
| Stunts |  | Orange | Any stunt that may require a stunt double, or stunt coordinator. |
| Extra (silent) |  | Yellow | Any extra needed to perform specifically, but has no lines. |
| Extra (atmosphere) |  | Green | Any extra or group of extras needed for the background. |
| Special effects |  | Blue | Any special effect required. |
| Props |  | Purple | All objects important to the script, or used by an actor. |
| Vehicles and animals |  | Pink | Any vehicles, and all animals, especially if it requires an animal trainer. |
| Sound effects or music |  | Brown | Sounds or music requiring specific use on set. Not sounds added in during post. |
| Wardrobe |  | Circle | Specific costumes needed for production, and also for continuity if a costume gets ripped up, or dirtied throughout the production. |
| Make-up and hair |  | Asterisk | Any make-up or hair attention needed. Common for scars and blood. |
| Special equipment |  | Box | If a scene requires the use of more uncommon equipment, (e.g. crane, underwater camera). |
| Production notes | _ | Underline | For all other questions about how a scene will go, or confusion about how something happens. |
|

## Comics

In comic books, it is the process of determining how each action, character, and piece of dialogue described in the script will be placed visually on a page. In the studio system that dominated mass-market comic-book production from the 1940s through the 1970s, breakdowns were done by the penciller or by a separate breakdown artist, rarely by the scriptwriter; in some cases, breakdowns were done from a rough story outline before the dialogue was written (the "Marvel method"). Later comics writers such as Alan Moore and Neil Gaiman, influenced by cinematic technique, began to include more layout details within their scripts. Cartoonists who both write and draw their own work sometimes begin with a script and do their own breakdowns, and sometimes work through drawings without a separate script.


title: Cardiff Harlequins RFC

abstract: Cardiff Harlequins RFC was a rugby union club located in the Welsh capital city of Cardiff. The team provided several international players during the late 19th century, most notably Gwyn Nicholls, who after leaving the club not only represented Wales but also played for the British Isles on their 1899 tour of Australia. The club disbanded in the 1890s.

text:
# Cardiff Harlequins RFC

**Cardiff Harlequins RFC** was a rugby union club located in the Welsh capital city of Cardiff. The team provided several international players during the late 19th century, most notably Gwyn Nicholls, who after leaving the club not only represented Wales but also played for the British Isles on their 1899 tour of Australia. The club disbanded in the 1890s.

## History

Cardiff Harlequins was formed around 1879 in Cardiff, as Roath Star, and after a year or two, they changed their name to Roath Mohawks for the 1881/1882 season. The Roath Mohawks played in Roath Court field. Their main rivals were a team called Windsor, who played in Cathays, where Senghenydd Road now stands. The two clubs decided to merge for the 1882/1883 season, and rename themselves as the Cardiff Harlequins. The Harlequins now played at the Sophia Gardens. In 1886, the Harlequins moved into their own ground, a field off Penarth Road. They called this ground the Harlequins' Ground. Although in the shadow of first class team Cardiff RFC, the Harlequins began to attract matches from some of the lesser but well established clubs in the Glamorgan area. The team is recorded as playing matches against Pontypridd, Mountain Ash, Cardiff and Llanelli and later became a popular opponent for touring teams from the West of England, such as Bristol. The Harlequins first recorded match against Cardiff is recorded as 17 February 1883, a 0-0 draw.

The club's most prominent period came in the early 1890s, which began in 1891 when their first player was selected for an international match, while still representing the club. Percy Bennett, a forward with the club, was chosen for the 1891 Home Nations Championship to face England at Newport. Bennett won four caps in total between 1891 and 1892. In 1892, Frederick Nicholls was also selected, playing in the same game against Ireland as Bennett. In 1892, Gwyn Nicholls, who would become one of the most notable Welsh players in the country's history, switched from the little-known Cardiff Star to join the Harlequins on the advice of his brother Sid. Unfortunately for the Harlequins they only held onto Gwynn for one season, as a disastrous 1891-1892 season for Cardiff RFC, saw the team scour the lower clubs for new talent. This saw Nicholls switch to Cardiff for the 1892-93 season.

In 1891, the Harlequins were told to leave their ground in Grangetown, as the site of the Harlequins' Ground was going to be constructed for a new road leading to the Clarence Bridge. They moved to a temporary home called St. Andrew's Cricket Field, which was located on North Road, on a field behind Nazareth House. After spending a season here, the club reached out for a new ground, and a replacement pitch was made available for the team by Lord Tredegar at Newport Road. Originally called the Cardiff Athletic Ground, the pitch became known as the Cardiff Harlequin Athletic Ground, a name it keeps to the present day. During the beginning of the 1894/1895 season, Cardiff Harlequins merged with Cardiff AFC to form Cardiff Association Football and Harlequins' Athletic Club, often just referred to as Cardiff Association Football Club, leaving rugby behind and playing only association football at the Harlequins' Ground in Cardiff. They did continue to play rugby, but only on Wednesdays. However, they returned to playing rugby on Saturdays in late 1895 until dissolving in April 1897.

## Notable former players

## Bibliography

* Davies, D.E. (1975). *Cardiff Rugby Club, History and Statistics 1876-1975*. Risca: The Starling Press. ISBN 0-9504421-0-0.
* Godwin, Terry (1984). *The International Rugby Championship 1883-1983*. London: Willows Books. ISBN 0-00-218060-X.
* Griffiths, John (1987). *The Phoenix Book of International Rugby Records*. London: Phoenix House. ISBN 0-460-07003-7.
* Parry-Jones, David (1999). *Prince Gwyn, Gwyn Nicholls and the First Golden Era of Welsh Rugby*. Bridgend: seren. ISBN 1-85411-262-7.

## InfoBox

Cardiff Harlequins RFC
| Full name | Cardiff Harlequins Rugby Football Club |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1880s |
| Location | Cardiff, Wales |
| League(s) | Defunct |


title: Cap Boso

abstract: Casper "Cap" Boso is a former professional American football tight end who played six seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the St. Louis Cardinals and Chicago Bears. Boso attended and played football for Bishop Chatard High School in Indianapolis, Indiana, and played college football at the University of Illinois with Jack Trudeau. Selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the eighth round of the 1986 NFL draft, Boso was cut early and subsequently signed by the St. Louis Cardinals, for whom he played two games in 1986. In 1987, the Cardinals waived him and the Chicago Bears signed him. Boso played for the Bears until 1991, when he experienced a series of knee injuries and retired from active play. Boso later filed suit and won the right to receive $353 a week in disability pay for the rest of his life.

text:
# Cap Boso

**Casper "Cap" Boso** (born September 10, 1963) is a former professional American football tight end who played six seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the St. Louis Cardinals and Chicago Bears.

Boso attended and played football for Bishop Chatard High School in Indianapolis, Indiana, and played college football at the University of Illinois with Jack Trudeau. Selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the eighth round of the 1986 NFL draft, Boso was cut early and subsequently signed by the St. Louis Cardinals, for whom he played two games in 1986. In 1987, the Cardinals waived him and the Chicago Bears signed him. Boso played for the Bears until 1991, when he experienced a series of knee injuries and retired from active play. Boso later filed suit and won the right to receive $353 a week in disability pay for the rest of his life.

## InfoBox

Cap Boso
| No. 89, 86 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Tight end |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1963-09-10) September 10, 1963
Kansas City, Missouri, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) |
| Weight: | 232 lb (105 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Bishop Chatard
(Indianapolis, Indiana) |
| College: | Illinois |
| NFL draft: | 1986 / round: 8 / pick: 207 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Receptions: 54  Receiving yards: 591  Touchdowns: 4 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


abstract:
The second impeachment inquiry against Andrew Johnson was an impeachment inquiry against United States President Andrew Johnson.
It followed a previous inquiry in 1867. The second inquiry, unlike the first, was run by the House Select Committee on Reconstruction. The second inquiry ran from its authorization on January 27, 1868, until the House Select Committee on Reconstruction reported to Congress on February 22, 1868. By early February, it appeared the prospect of an impeachment advancing was improbable. This changed when, on February 21, 1868, Johnson attempted to dismiss and replace Secretary of War Edwin Stanton in violation of the Tenure of Office Act. That day, an impeachment resolution was forwarded to the select committee. The following day, the select committee approved a slightly amended version of the resolution in a party-line 7–2 vote. On February 24, 1868, the impeachment resolution was passed by the House, thereby impeaching Johnson. Johnson was later acquitted in his impeachment trial.

text:
# Second impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson

The **second impeachment inquiry against Andrew Johnson** was an impeachment inquiry against United States President Andrew Johnson. It followed a previous inquiry in 1867. The second inquiry, unlike the first (which was run by the House Committee on the Judiciary), was run by the House Select Committee on Reconstruction. The second inquiry ran from its authorization on January 27, 1868, until the House Select Committee on Reconstruction reported to Congress on February 22, 1868.

By early February, it appeared the prospect of an impeachment advancing was improbable. This changed when, on February 21, 1868, Johnson attempted to dismiss and replace Secretary of War Edwin Stanton in violation of the Tenure of Office Act. That day, an impeachment resolution was forwarded to the select committee. The following day, the select committee approved a slightly amended version of the resolution in a party-line 7–2 vote (with all Republican members voting in favor of the impeachment resolution and Democratic members voting against it). On February 24, 1868, the impeachment resolution was passed by the House, thereby impeaching Johnson. Johnson was later acquitted in his impeachment trial.

## Background

Some Radical Republicans had entertained the thought of impeaching President Andrew Johnson since as early as 1866. However, the Republican Party was divided on the prospect of impeachment, with moderate Republicans in the party, who held a plurality, widely opposing it at this point. The radicals were more in favor of impeachment, as their plans for strong reform in reconstruction were greatly imperiled by Johnson.

Several attempts were made by Radical Republicans to initiate impeachment, but these were initially successfully rebuffed by moderate Republicans in party leadership. Radical Republicans continued to seek Johnson's impeachment, introducing impeachment resolutions in spite of a rule put in place for the House Republican caucus by the moderate Republican leadership in December 1866 requiring that a majority of House Republicans House Committee on the Judiciary would be required to approve any measure regarding impeachment in party caucus prior to it being considered in the House. Moderate Republicans often stifled these resolutions by referring them to committees, however. On January 7, 1867, Benjamin F. Loan, John R. Kelso, and James Mitchell Ashley each introduced three separate impeachment resolutions against Johnson. the House refused to hold debate or vote on either Loan or Kelso's resolutions. However, they did allow a vote on Ashley's impeachment-related resolution. Unlike the other two impeachment bills introduced that day (which would have outright impeached Johnson), Ashley's bill offered a specific outline of how an impeachment process would proceed, and it did not start with an immediate impeachment. Rather than going to a direct vote on impeaching the president, his resolution would instruct the Judiciary Committee to "inquire into the official conduct of Andrew Johnson", investigating what it called Johnson's "corruptly used" powers, including his political appointments, pardons for ex-Confederates, and his vetoes of legislation. The resolution passed in the House 108–39. It was seen as offering Republicans a chance to register their displeasure with Johnson, without actually formally impeaching him. This launched the first impeachment inquiry against Andrew Johnson. After the end of the 39th Congress, the first impeachment inquiry was renewed in the 40th Congress. On November 25, 1867, the House Committee on the Judiciary voted to recommend impeachment. However, when put to a full vote of the House, the House voted 57–108 against impeaching Johnson on December 7, 1867, with more Republicans voting against impeachment than for it.

## Vote authorizing the inquiry

On January 27, 1868, Rufus P. Spalding moved that the rules be suspended so that he could present a resolution resolving,

> that the Committee on Reconstruction be authorized to inquire what combinations have been made or attempted to be made to obstruct the due execution of the laws, and to that end the committee have power to send for persons and papers and to examine witnesses on oath, and report to this House what action, if any, they may deem necessary, and that said committee have leave to report at any time.

The motion to allow consideration of the resolution was agreed to by a vote of 103–37, and the House voted to approve the resolution by a vote of 99–31. This launched a new inquiry into Johnson run by the Select Committee on Reconstruction.

No Democrats voted for the resolution, while the only Republicans who cast votes against it were Elihu B. Washburne and William Windom. 57 members were absent from the vote (39 Republicans, 17 Democrats, and 1 Conservative Republican). Additionally, Speaker Schuyler Colfax (a Republican) did not vote, as House rules do not require the speaker to vote during ordinary legislative proceedings, unless their vote would be decisive or if the vote is being cast by ballot.

| Inquiry authorization vote | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| January 27, 1868 | Party | | | | | Total votes |
| | Democratic | Republican | Conservative | Conservative Republican | Independent Republican | |
| **Yea** | **0** | **97** | **0** | **0** | **2** | **99** |
| Nay | 28 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 31 |

Comparative bar chart
| Vote | Vote total |
| --- | --- |
| "Yea" votes | 99 |
| "Nay" votes | 31 |
| Absent/not voting | 58 |

Votes by member
| District | Member | Party | | Vote |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kentucky 8 | **George Madison Adams** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| Iowa 3 | **William B. Allison** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Massachusetts 2 | **Oakes Ames** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Missouri 9 | **George Washington Anderson** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Maryland 2 | **Stevenson Archer** |  | Democrat | Absent |
| Tennessee 6 | **Samuel Mayes Arnell** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Nevada at-large | **Delos R. Ashley** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Ohio 10 | **James Mitchell Ashley** |  | Republican | Yea |
| California 1 | **Samuel Beach Axtell** |  | Democrat | Absent |
| New York 21 | **Alexander H. Bailey** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Illinois 12 | **Jehu Baker** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Massachusetts 8 | **John Denison Baldwin** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Massachusetts 6 | **Nathaniel P. Banks** |  | Republican | Yea |
| New York 2 | **Demas Barnes** |  | Democrat | Absent |
| Connecticut 4 | **William Henry Barnum** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| Michigan 1 | **Fernando C. Beaman** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Kentucky 7 | **James B. Beck** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| Missouri 8 | **John F. Benjamin** |  | Republican | Absent |
| New Hampshire 3 | **Jacob Benton** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Ohio 16 | **John Bingham** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Maine 3 | **James G. Blaine** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Michigan 3 | **Austin Blair** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Massachusetts 7 | **George S. Boutwell** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Pennsylvania 6 | **Benjamin Markley Boyer** |  | Democrat | Absent |
| Illinois 7 | **Henry P. H. Bromwell** |  | Republican | Absent |
| New York 8 | **James Brooks** |  | Democrat | Absent |
| Pennsylvania 7 | **John Martin Broomall** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Ohio 9 | **Ralph Pomeroy Buckland** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Illinois 10 | **Albert G. Burr** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| Massachusetts 5 | **Benjamin Butler** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Pennsylvania 10 | **Henry L. Cake** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Ohio 2 | **Samuel Fenton Cary** |  | Independent Republican | Yea |
| New York 7 | **John Winthrop Chanler** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| New York 22 | **John C. Churchill** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Ohio 6 | **Reader W. Clarke** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Kansas at-large | **Sidney Clarke** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Wisconsin 3 | **Amasa Cobb** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Indiana 6 | **John Coburn** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Indiana 9 | **Schuyler Colfax** |  | Republican | Did not vote (speaker) |
| Illinois 6 | **Burton C. Cook** |  | Republican | Yea |
| New York 13 | **Thomas Cornell** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Pennsylvania 21 | **John Covode** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Illinois 8 | **Shelby Moore Cullom** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Massachusetts 10 | **Henry L. Dawes** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Rhode Island 2 | **Nathan F. Dixon II** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Iowa 5 | **Grenville M. Dodge** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Minnesota 2 | **Ignatius L. Donnelly** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Michigan 6 | **John F. Driggs** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Ohio 17 | **Ephraim R. Eckley** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Ohio 1 | **Benjamin Eggleston** |  | Republican | Yea |
| New Hampshire 1 | **Jacob Hart Ela** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Wisconsin 4 | **Charles A. Eldredge** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| Massachusetts 1 | **Thomas D. Eliot** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Illinois 2 | **John F. Farnsworth** |  | Republican | Yea |
| New York 16 | **Orange Ferriss** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Michigan 4 | **Thomas W. Ferry** |  | Republican | Yea |
| New York 19 | **William C. Fields** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Pennsylvania 20 | **Darwin Abel Finney** |  | Republican | Absent |
| New York 4 | **John Fox** |  | Democrat | Absent |
| Ohio 19 | **James A. Garfield** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Pennsylvania 8 | **James Lawrence Getz** |  | Democrat | Absent |
| Pennsylvania 15 | **Adam John Glossbrenner** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| Kentucky 3 | **Jacob Golladay** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| Missouri 4 | **Joseph J. Gravely** |  | Republican | Absent |
| New York 15 | **John Augustus Griswold** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Kentucky 5 | **Asa Grover** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| New Jersey 2 | **Charles Haight** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| New Jersey 5 | **George A. Halsey** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Illinois 4 | **Abner C. Harding** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Tennessee 7 | **Isaac Roberts Hawkins** |  | Republican | Absent |
| California 2 | **William Higby** |  | Republican | Yea |
| New Jersey 4 | **John Hill** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Indiana 4 | **William S. Holman** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| Massachusetts 4 | **Samuel Hooper** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Wisconsin 2 | **Benjamin F. Hopkins** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Connecticut 2 | **Julius Hotchkiss** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| Iowa 6 | **Asahel W. Hubbard** |  | Republican | Absent |
| West Virginia 1 | **Chester D. Hubbard** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Connecticut 1 | **Richard D. Hubbard** |  | Democrat | Absent |
| New York 17 | **Calvin T. Hulburd** |  | Republican | Yea |
| New York 30 | **James M. Humphrey** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| Indiana 3 | **Morton C. Hunter** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Illinois 5 | **Ebon C. Ingersoll** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Rhode Island 1 | **Thomas Jenckes** |  | Republican | Yea |
| California 3 | **James A. Johnson** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| Kentucky 6 | **Thomas Laurens Jones** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| Illinois 1 | **Norman B. Judd** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Indiana 5 | **George Washington Julian** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Pennsylvania 4 | **William D. Kelley** |  | Republican | Yea |
| New York 25 | **William H. Kelsey** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Indiana 2 | **Michael C. Kerr** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| New York 12 | **John H. Ketcham** |  | Republican | Absent |
| West Virginia 2 | **Bethuel Kitchen** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Kentucky 4 | **J. Proctor Knott** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| Pennsylvania 16 | **William Henry Koontz** |  | Republican | Yea |
| New York 20 | **Addison H. Laflin** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Pennsylvania 24 | **George Van Eman Lawrence** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Ohio 4 | **William Lawrence** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Missouri 7 | **Benjamin F. Loan** |  | Republican | Absent |
| New York 26 | **William S. Lincoln** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Illinois at-large | **John A. Logan** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Iowa 4 | **William Loughridge** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Maine 1 | **John Lynch** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Oregon at-large | **Rufus Mallory** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Illinois 11 | **Samuel S. Marshall** |  | Democrat | Absent |
| New York 18 | **James M. Marvin** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Tennessee 2 | **Horace Maynard** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Missouri 5 | **Joseph W. McClurg** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Missouri 3 | **James Robinson McCormick** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| Maryland 1 | **Hiram McCullough** |  | Democrat | Absent |
| Pennsylvania 13 | **Ulysses Mercur** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Pennsylvania 14 | **George Funston Miller** |  | Republican | Absent |
| New Jersey 1 | **William Moore** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Pennsylvania 22 | **James K. Moorhead** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Ohio 13 | **George W. Morgan** |  | Democrat | Absent |
| Pennsylvania 17 | **Daniel Johnson Morrell** |  | Republican | Absent |
| New York 5 | **John Morrissey** |  | Democrat | Absent |
| Tennessee 4 | **James Mullins** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Ohio 5 | **William Mungen** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| Pennsylvania 3 | **Leonard Myers** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Missouri 2 | **Carman A. Newcomb** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Indiana 1 | **William E. Niblack** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| Delaware at-large | **John A. Nicholson** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| Tennessee 8 | **David Alexander Nunn** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Pennsylvania 2 | **Charles O'Neill** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Indiana 8 | **Godlove Stein Orth** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Wisconsin 1 | **Halbert E. Paine** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Maine 2 | **Sidney Perham** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Maine 4 | **John A. Peters** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Maryland 3 | **Charles E. Phelps** |  | Conservative | Nay |
| Maine 5 | **Frederick Augustus Pike** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Missouri 1 | **William A. Pile** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Ohio 15 | **Tobias A. Plants** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Vermont 2 | **Luke P. Poland** |  | Republican | Yea |
| West Virginia 3 | **Daniel Polsley** |  | Republican | Yea |
| New York 24 | **Theodore M. Pomeroy** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Iowa 2 | **Hiram Price** |  | Republican | Yea |
| New York 14 | **John V. L. Pruyn** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| Pennsylvania 1 | **Samuel J. Randall** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| Illinois 13 | **Green Berry Raum** |  | Republican | Absent |
| New York 10 | **William H. Robertson** |  | Republican | Absent |
| New York 3 | **William Erigena Robinson** |  | Democrat | Absent |
| Illinois 9 | **Lewis Winans Ross** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| Wisconsin 5 | **Philetus Sawyer** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Ohio 3 | **Robert C. Schenck** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Pennsylvania 19 | **Glenni William Scofield** |  | Republican | Yea |
| New York 28 | **Lewis Selye** |  | Independent Republican | Yea |
| Indiana 11 | **John P. C. Shanks** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Ohio 7 | **Samuel Shellabarger** |  | Republican | Absent |
| New Jersey 3 | **Charles Sitgreaves** |  | Democrat | Absent |
| Vermont 3 | **Worthington Curtis Smith** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Ohio 18 | **Rufus P. Spalding** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Connecticut 3 | **Henry H. Starkweather** |  | Republican | Yea |
| New Hampshire 2 | **Aaron Fletcher Stevens** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Pennsylvania 9 | **Thaddeus Stevens** |  | Republican | Absent |
| New York 6 | **Thomas E. Stewart** |  | Conservative Republican | Absent |
| Tennessee 3 | **William Brickly Stokes** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Maryland 5 | **Frederick Stone** |  | Democrat | Absent |
| New York 1 | **Stephen Taber** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| Nebraska at-large | **John Taffe** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Pennsylvania 5 | **Caleb Newbold Taylor** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Maryland 4 | **Francis Thomas** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Tennessee 5 | **John Trimble** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Kentucky 1 | **Lawrence S. Trimble** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| Michigan 5 | **Rowland E. Trowbridge** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Massachusetts 3 | **Ginery Twichell** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Michigan 2 | **Charles Upson** |  | Republican | Yea |
| New York 31 | **Henry Van Aernam** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Pennsylvania 11 | **Daniel Myers Van Auken** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| New York 29 | **Burt Van Horn** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Missouri 6 | **Robert T. Van Horn** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Ohio 12 | **Philadelph Van Trump** |  | Democrat | Absent |
| New York 11 | **Charles Van Wyck** |  | Republican | Yea |
| New York 27 | **Hamilton Ward** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Wisconsin 6 | **Cadwallader C. Washburn** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Indiana 7 | **Henry D. Washburn** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Massachusetts 9 | **William B. Washburn** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Illinois 3 | **Elihu B. Washburne** |  | Republican | Nay |
| Ohio 14 | **Martin Welker** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Pennsylvania 23 | **Thomas Williams** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Indiana 10 | **William Williams** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Iowa 1 | **James F. Wilson** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Ohio 11 | **John Thomas Wilson** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Pennsylvania 18 | **Stephen Fowler Wilson** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Minnesota 1 | **William Windom** |  | Republican | Nay |
| New York 9 | **Fernando Wood** |  | Democrat | Absent |
| Vermont 1 | **Frederick E. Woodbridge** |  | Republican | Absent |
| Pennsylvania 12 | **George Washington Woodward** |  | Democrat | Nay |
| Notes:
Schuyler Colfax was serving as Speaker of the House. Per House rules, "the Speaker is not required to vote in ordinary legislative proceedings, except when such vote would be decisive or when the House is engaged in voting by ballot." | | | | | |

## Membership of House Select Committee on Reconstruction during the inquiry

The following is a table of the members during the second session, during which the inquiry took place.

| Members of the House Select Committee on Reconstruction during the
second session of the 40th United States Congress | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Republican Party | Democratic Party |
|  |  |

When the House had previously voted in December 1867 (at the end of the first impeachment inquiry) on the impeachment resolution forwarded to it by the House Committee on the Judiciary, four of these select committee members (Republicans Boutwell, Farnsworth, Stevens, and Paine) had voted in support of impeaching Johnson, while five of these select committee members (Republicans Beaman, Bingham, Hulburd and Democrats Beck and Brooks) had voted against impeachment.

## Inquiry

At the time of the inquiry, Radical Republican Thaddeus Stevens was chair of the House Select Committee on Reconstruction. At the time of the inquiry, Stevens was of advanced age and poor health.

The select committee also looked into correspondence between President Johnson and Ulysses S. Grant, particularly what orders Grant had been given by Johnson when Grant was his acting sectretary of war. Grant came to a committee meeting on February 8, but was not examined. In early February, heated letters between Grant and Johnson had been published in the press, adding further intrigue and fuel to the investigation.

The select committee interviewed witnesses. One witness interviewed multiple times was Jerome B. Stillson, a reporter with the *New York World* who had conducted regular interviews with President Johnson.

Stevens successfully persuaded the House to, on February 10, 1868, pass a resolution transferring all records from the previous impeachment inquiry and any further responsibility on impeachment away from the Committee on the Judiciary and to the Select Committee on Reconstruction.

### Initial rejection of impeachment

Stevens believed that the letters between Johnson and Grant that had been published in the press proved that Johnson had attempted to convince Grant to act in violation of the Tenure of Office Act. In the morning of February 13, 1868, the select committee held a brief session. Stevens announced that he desired to test the subject of impeachment in the select committee, stating that he believed that the investigation had gone far enough and the time for action to be taken had come. Stevens introduced to the select committee a resolution to impeach the president for high crimes and misdemeanors. The resolution did not specify what high crimes and misdemeanors had been committed. Along with the resolution, he also presented the select committee with a report arguing for impeachment. The chief reason for impeaching Johnson given in the report was that Johnson had (allegedly) acted with intent to violate the Tenure of Office Act.

John Bingham (R– OH), a moderate Republican, held the balance of power on the select committee. Bingham motioned to lay on the table both the resolution, the report, and the discussion of impeachment. Stevens asked, before a vote, that the vote on the motion be recorded so that the nation would know who was in support of impeachment and who was not. In what Stevens had framed to be a de facto proxy vote on impeachment, three select committee members (Republicans Fernando C. Beaman, and John F. Farnsworth, and Stevens) voted against tabling *(for impeachment)* and six select committee members (Republicans Bignham, Halbert E. Paine, Calvin T. Hulburd and Democrats James B. Beck and James Brooks) voted to table *(against impeachment)*.

The next day, pro-impeachment Republican committee members Fernando C. Beaman, George S. Boutwell, John F. Farnsworth, and Thaddeus Stevens met to discuss how to proceed towards impeachment after this setback. However, Stevens concluded that it was a lost cause. This momentarily appeared to mark the death of the prospect of impeaching Johnson and the end of the revived effort to impeach Johnson.

### Select committee approval of an impeachment resolution

On February 21, 1868, Johnson disregarded the Tenure of Office Act by moving to dismiss Edwin Stanton as U.S secretary of war and replace him with Lorenzo Thomas as the *ad interim* secretary of war. That day, Stevens submitted a resolution to the House resolving that the evidence taken on impeachment by the previous (1867) impeachment inquiry run by the Committee on the Judiciary be referred to the House Select Committee on Reconstruction, and that the select committee "have leave to report at any time", which was approved by the House. Also on February 21, a one sentence resolution to impeach Johnson, written by John Covode, was presented to the House. The resolution read, "Resolved, that Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, be impeached of high crimes and misdemeanors." George S. Boutwell motioned that the resolution be referred to the House Select Committee on Reconstruction, and it was.

An amended version of Covode's resolution was rapidly drawn up by the Select Committee on Reconstruction. In the morning February 22, 1868, by a party-line vote of 7–2, the select committee voted to refer a slightly amended version of Covode's impeachment resolution to the full House. The amended impeachment resolution read,

> "Resolved, That Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, be impeached of high crimes and misdemeanors in office."

Remarks made when the full House debated the resolution indicate that the Republican members of the select committee's support for impeachment was motivated by Johnson's attempt to remove Secretary of War Stanton, which they regarded as a violation of the Tenure of Office Act.

| Committee vote on impeachment resolution | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| February 22, 1868 | Party | | Total votes |
| | Democratic | Republican | |
| **Yea** | **0** | **7** | **7** |
| Nay | 2 | 0 | 2 |

Vote by member
| District | Member | Party | | Vote |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Michigan 1 | **Fernando C. Beaman** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Kentucky 7 | **James B. Beck** |  | Democratic | Nay |
| Ohio 16 | **John Bingham** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Massachusetts 7 | **George S. Boutwell** |  | Republican | Yea |
| New York 8 | **James Brooks** |  | Democratic | Nay |
| Illinois 2 | **John F. Farnsworth** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Wisconsin 1 | **Halbert E. Paine** |  | Republican | Yea |
| New York 17 | **Calvin T. Hulburd** |  | Republican | Yea |
| Pennsylvania 9 | **Thaddeus Stevens** |  | Republican | Yea |

#### Majority report of the select committee

A majority report in support of impeaching Johnson for high crimes and misdemeanors was written and was signed by all of the select committee's Republican members. The dissenting Democratic members did not write a minority view, with James Brooks claiming that he had not had enough time to prepare one.

> Full text of the majority report * That in addition to the papers referred to the committee, the committee find that the President, on the 21st day of February, 1868, signed and issued a commission or letter of authority to one Lorenzo Thomas, directing and authorizing said Thomas to act as Secretary of War ad interim, and to take possession of the books, records, and papers, and other public property in the War Department, of which the following is a copy:\____________EXECUTIVE MANSION*Washington, February 21, 1868.*SIR: Hon. Edwin M. Stanton having been this day removed from office as Secretary for the Department of War, you are hereby authorized and empowered to act as Secretary of War ad interim, and will immediately enter upon the discharge of the duties pertaining to that office. Mr. Stanton has been instructed to transfer to you all the records, books, papers, and other public property now in his cusotody and charge.
> Respectfully yours,
> Andrew Johnson
> To Brevet Maj. Lorenzo Thomas
> *Adjunct-General of the United States Army, Washington, D.C.*
> Official copy respectfully furnished to Hon. Edwin M. Stanton
> L. Thomas,
> *Secretary of War ad interim* \____________
>
> Upon the evidence collected by the committee, which is herewith presented, and in virtue of the powers with which they have been invested by the House, they are of the opinion that Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, be impeached of high crimes and misdemeanors. They therefore recommend to the House the adoption of the accompanying resolution.
>
> > *Resolved*, That Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, be impeached of high crimes and misdemeanors in office.

## Subsequent impeachment and trial

At 3pm on February 22, Stevens presented from the House Select Committee on Reconstruction the impeachment resolution along with the majority report. The impeachment resolution was put to a vote on February 24, 1868, three days after Johnson's dismissal of Stanton. The House of Representatives voted 126–47 (with 17 members not voting) in favor of a resolution to impeach the president for high crimes and misdemeanors, marking the first time that a president of the United States had been impeached. On February 25, the House (by a vote of 105–36) passed a resolution by George Boutwell that the House Select Committee on Reconstruction be authorized to sit during sessions of the House, ahead of proceedings that included the consideration of impeachment managers and the passage of articles of impeachment. Johnson was narrowly acquitted in his Senate trial with a 35 in favor of conviction to 19 votes in favor acquittal, one vote short of the two-thirds majority needed for a conviction.

## InfoBox

| Second impeachment inquiry against Andrew Johnson | |
| --- | --- |
| Accused | Andrew Johnson, 17th President of the United States |
| Committee | Select Committee on Reconstruction |
| Committee chair | Thaddeus Stevens |
| Date | January 27– February 22, 1868 (3 weeks and 5 days) |
| Outcome | Select Committee on Reconstruction recommended impeachment and reported an impeachment resolution; Johnson subsequently impeached |
| Charges |  |
| Congressional votes | |
| House vote authorizing the inquiry | |
| Votes in favor | 99 |
| Votes against | 31 |
| Result | Approved |
| House Committee on Reconstruction vote on the impeachment resolution | |
| Votes in favor | 7 |
| Votes against | 2 |
| Result | Approved |
| The House afterwards voted on February 24, 1868 to impeach Andrew Johnson | |


title: Scythris flavoterminella

abstract: Scythris flavoterminella is a moth of the family Scythrididae. It was described by Bengt Å. Bengtsson in 2014. It is found in Rwanda.

text:
# Scythris flavoterminella

***Scythris flavoterminella*** is a moth of the family Scythrididae. It was described by Bengt Å. Bengtsson in 2014. It is found in Rwanda.

## InfoBox

| *Scythris flavoterminella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Scythrididae |
| Genus: | *Scythris* |
| Species: | ***S. flavoterminella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Scythris flavoterminella***<br>Bengtsson, 2014 | |
|


title: Scythris friedeli

abstract: Scythris friedeli is a moth of the family Scythrididae. It was described by Bengt Å. Bengtsson in 1997. It is found in Morocco and Iran.

text:
# Scythris friedeli

***Scythris friedeli*** is a moth of the family Scythrididae. It was described by Bengt Å. Bengtsson in 1997. It is found in Morocco and Iran.

## InfoBox

| *Scythris friedeli* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Scythrididae |
| Genus: | *Scythris* |
| Species: | ***S. friedeli*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Scythris friedeli***<br>Bengtsson, 1997 | |
|


title: Seeadler Harbor

abstract: Seeadler Harbor, also known as Port Seeadler, is located on Manus Island, Admiralty Islands, Papua New Guinea and played an important role in World War II. In German, "Seeadler" means sea eagle, pointing to German colonial activity between 1884 and 1919 in that area. The bay was named in 1900 after the German cruiser SMS Seeadler.

text:
# Seeadler Harbor

**Seeadler Harbor**, also known as Port Seeadler, is located on Manus Island, Admiralty Islands, Papua New Guinea and played an important role in World War II. In German, "Seeadler" means sea eagle, pointing to German colonial activity between 1884 and 1919 in that area. The bay was named in 1900 after the German cruiser SMS *Seeadler*.

## History

On 29 February 1944, General Douglas MacArthur led Operation Brewer to take the islands from the Japanese who had occupied them beginning in 1942. The islands were secured by the Americans on 19 March 1944, who then built a large base at Seeadler Harbor including wharves and an airbase, Manus Naval Base. This US Naval Advance Base served as a staging area for further World War II operations in New Guinea and the Philippines.

USS *Mount Hood* exploded accidentally while moored in Seeadler Harbor on 10 November 1944. The ship was carrying ammunition and the tremendous explosion caused 432 fatalities, 371 wounded, damage to surrounding ships and base from debris and sinking or severely damaging 22 smaller craft.

A Japanese Mitsubishi A6M reconnaissance aircraft reported "two large aircraft carriers" at Seeadler Harbor on 22 April 1945, which were actually the U.S. Navy's Large Auxiliary Floating Dry Docks USS ABSD-2 and USS ABSD-4. Two Nakajima B5N torpedo bombers attacked the floating drydocks five nights later. Both were hit but received only moderate damage to a single pontoon each.

The wrecks of the sections of large auxiliary floating drydock USS ABSD-4 and an Imperial Japanese ship amongst others are located within the harbor.

## Further reading

* "Gaining Control of Seeadler Harbor". *The Admiralties: Operations of the 1st Cavalry Division 29 February - 18 May 1944*. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military history. 1990 \[1946\]. Archived from the original on 5 March 2009. Retrieved 16 June 2010. \- full text

Seeadler (Sea Eagle - German) 1916 WindJammer Sailboat used for reconnaissance by the German Navy It was converted from a boat of commerce to a war and spyship in disguise. The Captain was Count Luckner according to his biography written by Lowell Thomas, "The Sea Devil published in 1928". The strategy for using a Sailboat versus a coal steam driven boat was two fold. First, to be less reliant on coal since it was not always readily available on the shipping routes. And 2nd, to allow the ship to sail further and avoid ports that would bring unwanted attention.

2°01′13″S 147°21′52″E / 2.02028°S 147.36444°E / -2.02028; 147.36444


title: Seedeater

abstract: The seedeaters are a form taxon of seed-eating passerine birds with a distinctively conical bill. Most are Central and South American birds that were formerly placed in the American sparrow family (Passerellidae), but are now known to be tanagers (Thraupidae) closely related to Darwins finches. Indeed, some of the birds listed here seedeaters are closer to these "finches", while the more "true" seedeaters form a clade with some tanagers. A few "atypical" seedeaters are closely related to certain tanagers, many of which have peculiarly adapted bills. In addition, there are some African passerines called seedeaters. They belong to the serin genus (Serinus) of the true finch family (Fringillidae), but might need to be separated with their closest relatives in Crithagra.

text:
# Seedeater

The **seedeaters** are a form taxon of seed-eating passerine birds with a distinctively conical bill.

Most are Central and South American birds that were formerly placed in the American sparrow family (Passerellidae), but are now known to be tanagers (Thraupidae) closely related to Darwins finches. Indeed, some of the birds listed here seedeaters are closer to these "finches", while the more "true" seedeaters form a clade with some tanagers. A few "atypical" seedeaters are closely related to certain tanagers, many of which (such as the flowerpiercers) have peculiarly adapted bills.

In addition, there are some African passerines called seedeaters. They belong to the serin genus (*Serinus*) of the true finch family (Fringillidae), but might need to be separated with their closest relatives in *Crithagra*.

## American seedeaters

**True seedeaters**

* *Amaurospiza*  blue seedeaters (4 species, tentatively placed here)
* *Dolospingus*  white-naped seedeater
* *Oryzoborus*  seed-finches (6 species, sometimes included in *Sporophila*)
* *Sporophila*  typical seedeaters (some 30 species, 1 possibly recently extinct)

**Related to Darwin's finches**

**Atypical seedeaters**

**Relatives of true seedeaters**

These tanagers are the true seedeaters' closest relatives:

## African seedeaters


title: Carey, Idaho

abstract: Carey is a city in Blaine County, Idaho, United States. The population was 604 at the 2010 census. Carey is primarily an agricultural city and is the location of the Blaine County Fairgrounds. Nearby recreational destinations include the Craters of the Moon National Monument, Carey Lake, Silver Creek and the Little Wood River. Further west is the Big Wood River Valley, leading to the Sun Valley resort.

text:
# Carey, Idaho

**Carey** is a city in Blaine County, Idaho, United States. The population was 604 at the 2010 census. Carey is primarily an agricultural city and is the location of the Blaine County Fairgrounds. Nearby recreational destinations include the Craters of the Moon National Monument, Carey Lake, Silver Creek and the Little Wood River. Further west is the Big Wood River Valley, leading to the Sun Valley resort.

## History

Carey was founded ca. 1884 by a colony of members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The community was named after James Carey, a pioneer settler.

## Geography

Carey is located in southern Blaine County along the Little Wood River and northwest of the Snake River lava fields. U. S. highways 20, 26, and 93 pass through the community.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.31 square miles (8.57 km2), all of it land.

### Climate

This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Carey has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1910 | 701 |  |  |
| 1920 | 740 |  | 5.6% |
| 1930 | 600 |  | −18.9% |
| 1940 | 100 |  | −83.3% |
| 1950 | 100 |  | 0.0% |
| 1960 | 200 |  | 100.0% |
| 1970 | 300 |  | 50.0% |
| 1980 | 600 |  | 100.0% |
| 1990 | 600 |  | 0.0% |
| 2000 | 513 |  | −14.5% |
| 2010 | 604 |  | 17.7% |
| 2019 (est.) | 645 |  | 6.8% |
| source: | | | |

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 604 people, 196 households, and 156 families residing in the city. The population density was 182.5 inhabitants per square mile (70.5/km2). There were 240 housing units at an average density of 72.5 per square mile (28.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 88.9% White, 0.7% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 8.1% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.1% of the population.

There were 196 households, of which 48.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.4% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 20.4% were non-families. 18.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.08 and the average family size was 3.56.

The median age in the city was 33.4 years. 36.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.3% were from 25 to 44; 24% were from 45 to 64; and 10.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.2% male and 50.8% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 513 people, 166 households, and 131 families residing in the city. The population density was 153.1 inhabitants per square mile (59.1/km2). There were 187 housing units at an average density of 55.8 per square mile (21.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 92.79% White, 0.19% African American, 0.97% Native American, 4.68% from other races, and 1.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.14% of the population.

There were 166 households, out of which 43.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.5% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.5% were non-families. 19.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.09 and the average family size was 3.55.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 35.1% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $39,861, and the median income for a family was $42,054. Males had a median income of $30,809 versus $21,563 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,027. About 2.6% of families and 1.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.9% of those under age 18 and 6.0% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

Blaine County School District is the school district for the entire county. Carey School, a K-12 school, is the zoned school for all grade levels.

The county is in the catchment area, but not the taxation zone, for College of Southern Idaho.

The Little Wood River District Library is in Carey. It is adjacent to the Carey School.

## Festivals

The Blaine County Fair is an annual event. The 2011 Blaine County Fair was held in Carey the weekend of August 12–14, 2011.

## InfoBox

| Carey, Idaho | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
|  | |
| Location of Carey in Blaine County, Idaho. | |
| Coordinates: 43°18′28″N 113°56′41″W / 43.30778°N 113.94472°W / 43.30778; -113.94472 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Idaho |
| County | Blaine |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.45 sq mi (8.94 km2) |
| Land | 3.45 sq mi (8.94 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.01 km2) |
| Elevation | 4,783 ft (1,458 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 604 |
| Estimate (2019) | 645 |
| Density | 186.96/sq mi (72.18/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-7 (Mountain (MST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-6 (MDT) |
| ZIP code | 83320 |
| Area code(s) | 208, 986 |
| FIPS code | 16-12790 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0396234 |
| Website | cityofcarey.org |


title: Sekwiaspis

abstract: Sekwiaspis is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the late Atdabanian stage, which lasted from 530 to 524 million years ago during the early part of the Cambrian Period.

text:
# Sekwiaspis

***Sekwiaspis*** is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the late Atdabanian stage, which lasted from 530 to 524 million years ago during the early part of the Cambrian Period.

## InfoBox

| *Sekwiaspis*<br>Temporal range: Late Atdabanian | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Trilobita |
| Genus: | *Sekwiaspis* |
|


title: Carine, Nikšić

abstract: Carine is a village in the municipality of Nikšić, Montenegro. It is located close to the Bosnian border.

text:
# Carine, Nikšić

**Carine** (Serbian Cyrillic: Царине) is a village in the municipality of Nikšić, Montenegro. It is located close to the Bosnian border.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, its population was 187.

Ethnicity in 2011
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Serbs | 102 | 54.5% |
| Montenegrins | 73 | 39.0% |
| other/undeclared | 12 | 6.4% |
| **Total** | **187** | **100%** |

## InfoBox

| Carine Царине | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| CarineLocation within Montenegro | |
| Coordinates: 42°43′43″N 18°36′16″E / 42.728605°N 18.604381°E / 42.728605; 18.604381 | |
| Country | Montenegro |
| Municipality | Nikšić |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 187 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Carine Babina

abstract: Carine Babina Ngombo is a Congolese handball player for Mikishi Lubumbashi and the DR Congo national team. She competed at the 2015 World Women's Handball Championship in Denmark.

text:
# Carine Babina

**Carine Babina Ngombo** (born 16 January 1994) is a Congolese handball player for Mikishi Lubumbashi and the DR Congo national team.

She competed at the 2015 World Women's Handball Championship in Denmark.

## InfoBox

| Carine Babina | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Carine Babina Ngombo | | |
| Born | (1994-01-16) 16 January 1994 | | |
| Nationality | Congolese | | |
| Height | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Playing position | Right back | | |
| Club information | | | |
| Current club | Mikishi Lubumbashi | | |
| National team | | | |
| Years | **Team** |
|  | DR Congo |


title: Carine Bornu

abstract: Carine Bornu is a French former professional tennis player. Bornu reached a career high ranking of 242 in the world and won two ITF singles titles. She won a further two ITF tournaments in doubles and competed as a wildcard the women's doubles main draw at the 2001 French Open, with Sophie Georges. They were beaten in the first round by Belgians Kim Clijsters and Laurence Courtois.

text:
# Carine Bornu

**Carine Bornu** (born 28 April 1975) is a French former professional tennis player.

Bornu reached a career high ranking of 242 in the world and won two ITF singles titles. She won a further two ITF tournaments in doubles and competed as a wildcard the women's doubles main draw at the 2001 French Open, with Sophie Georges. They were beaten in the first round by Belgians Kim Clijsters and Laurence Courtois.

## ITF finals

| Legend |
| --- |
| $25,000 tournaments |
| $10,000 tournaments |

### Singles: 3 (2–1)

| Outcome | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Runner-up | 1. | 19 April 1998 | Cagnes-sur-Mer, France | Hard | Nancy Feber | 0–6, 1–6 |
| Winner | 1. | 28 February 1999 | Faro, Portugal | Hard | Nino Louarsabishvili | 6–3, 6–3 |
| Winner | 2. | 15 August 1999 | Saint-Gaudens, France | Clay | Anne-Laure Heitz | 2–6, 6–4, 6–1 |

### Doubles: 3 (2–1)

| Outcome | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Runner-up | 1. | 30 July 2000 | Les Contamines, France | Hard | Kim de Weille | Caroline Dhenin
Bianka Lamade | 7–6(4), 4–6, 4–6 |
| Winner | 1. | 25 February 2001 | Algarve, Portugal | Hard | Aliénor Tricerri | Alice Barnes
Julie Pullin | 6–3, 6–3 |
| Winner | 2. | 6 May 2001 | Cagnes-sur-Mer, France | Clay | Caroline Dhenin | Sophie Georges
Capucine Rousseau | 6–4, 6–3 |

## InfoBox

Carine Bornu
| Country (sports) | France |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1975-04-28) 28 April 1975 |
| Prize money | $35,416 |
| Singles | |
| Career record | 99–97 |
| Career titles | 2 ITF |
| Highest ranking | No. 242 (10 July 2000) |
| Grand Slam singles results | |
| French Open | Q1 (2000) |
| Doubles | |
| Career record | 23–40 |
| Career titles | 2 ITF |
| Highest ranking | No. 256 (18 June 2001) |
| Grand Slam doubles results | |
| French Open | 1R (2001) |