title: England national quadball team

abstract: The English national quadball team is the official national quadball team of England. The team, which is organised by QuadballUK, was founded in 2021 after the splitting of Team UK into separate teams for each of the individual Home Nations. They made their debut at the 2022 IQA European Games in Limerick, winning the tournament.

text:
# England national quadball team

The **English national quadball team** is the official national quadball team of England. The team, which is organised by QuadballUK, was founded in 2021 after the splitting of Team UK into separate teams for each of the individual Home Nations. They made their debut at the 2022 IQA European Games in Limerick, winning the tournament.

## History

Previously Team UK represented all the countries of the United Kingdom at international tournaments organised by the International Quadball Association. Team UK was founded in 2012, making their debut at the Summer Games in Oxford. Their final tournament appearance was at the 2019 IQA European Games in Bamberg. In 2021, the decision was made to split Team UK into separate teams for England, Scotland (Team Scotland) and Wales (Team Wales). Players from Northern Ireland compete as part of an all-Ireland team with the Republic of Ireland organised by Quidditch Eire.

## Competitive record

### Overview

| Competition | Position | Number of Teams |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2022 European Games** | **1st** | 20 |
| **2023 WISE Cup** | **1st** | 5 |
| **2023 World Cup** | **4th** | 15 |
| **2024 European Games** | **2nd** | 15 |

### 2022 European Games

Team England made their debut at the 2022 European Games held on 22–24 July in Limerick in Ireland, where they placed 1st of 20 teams. The team were placed into group D along with Scotland, Germany, Netherlands and Czech Republic for the group stage on day 1. They finished 2nd in the group below Germany after a 110–140\* defeat in their match against them. In the match Germany caught the snitch from behind to even the scores and then went on to score the 3 extra goals required to reach the set score in overtime. During the knockout stage on day 2 they won against Poland, France and then Norway. The final was a rematch against Germany with England winning after catching while 30 points behind then successfully reaching the set score in overtime for a final score of 160\*-140.

### 2023 WISE Cup

The 2023 Wales-Ireland-Scotland-England (WISE) Cup was held in Edinburgh, Scotland, organised by Quadball Scotland. England first played Scotland, winning 220\*-20. England then beat Wales 230\*-10 and Ireland 210\*-30. England's final game was an exhibition match against the Celtic Nations, a mix of the Scotland, Welsh and Irish national teams. England were victorious 230\*-30. England finished 1st in the tournament: the inaugural champions of the WISE cup.

### 2023 World Cup

The 2023 IQA Quadball World Cup was hosted in Richmond, Virginia, USA, and was Quadball England's World Cup debut. Seeded second, inheriting Team UKs ELO rating, England were placed in Pool B with France, Austria, Mexico and India. In game 1, England beat Austria 190\*-40, followed by a set-score victory against Mexico 170–50\*. England's highest-ranked opponents of the pool stages, France, were beaten 150\*-40 with a second flag catch of the day by Reuben Thompson. In the final game of Pool B, postponed until day 2 due to weather delays, England beat India 220–100\* to finish top of their group and second seed overall.

As second seed, England progressed directly to the quarter finals to play Canada. In a lengthy game further delayed by the weather, England ground out a result of 140\*-60 thanks to a Jordan Aymer-Jeffrey flag catch. In a tight and tense semi-final against 2022 IQA European Games finalists Germany, England were denied the chance of a game-winning catch by Aymer-Jeffrey for "impeding the flag runner", allowing Germany to go on to catch the flag shortly after to win the game 50–100\*. England were to face Belgium after their tightly-fought semi-final against the USA for 3rd place. In front of a large crowd, England lost 60–120\* after a lengthy video review showed the Belgium seeker to have been beaten after the catch, and therefore the flag catch was called good.

## Players

### IQA European Games 2022 (Limerick, Ireland)

The squad for the 2022 IQA European Games was coached by Alice Walker and captained by Luke Twist.

| Surname | First Name | Number |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Macartney** | Alex | 34 |
| **Hull** | Andy | 24 |
| **Malpass** | Ben | 20 |
| **Lowe** | Bex | 13 |
| **Werner** | Carina | 17 |
| **Trick** | Dan | 3 |
| **Bryant** | Doug | 5 |
| **Brett** | Ed | 18 |
| **Southwell** | El | 50 |
| **Fisher** | Elliot | 14 |
| **Davies** | Fey | 2 |
| **Adams** | Isla | 95 |
| **Sartori** | Jacopo | 99 |
| **Aymer-Jeffrey** | Jordan | 23 |
| **Aziz** | Kerry | 89 |
| **Barrington** | Lucy | 4 |
| **Twist *(C)*** | Luke | 7 |
| **Kreft** | Michal | 61 |
| **Orridge** | Mikey | 15 |
| **Marmolejo Morazo** | Paula | 31 |
| **Spencer** | Sam | 28 |
| **Waters** | Seb | 10 |
| **Ferenczy** | Tash | 6 |
| **Harris** | Tristan | 55 |
| **Karling** | Tua | 44 |

### WISE Cup 2023 (Edinburgh, Scotland)

The 2023 WISE Cup squad was coached by Seb Waters and captained by Andy Hull.

|  | Surname | First Name | Number | Club |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **S** | **Davies** | Fey | 2 | London Quadball Club |
| **S** | **Fisher** | Elliot | 14 | Velociraptors Quadball Club |
| **K** | **Houghton** | Matt | 27 | Southsea Quadball Club |
| **K** | **Hull *(C)*** | Andy | 24 | Velociraptors Quadball Club |
| **C** | **Benevise** | Manon |  | Olympians Quadball Club |
| **C** | **Ferenczy** | Tash | 6 | Werewolves of London |
| **C** | **Kreft** | Michal | 61 | Werewolves of London |
| **C** | **Norman** | Olivia | 19 | Oxford Mammoths Quadball Club |
| **C** | **Southwell** | El | 50 | London Quadball Club |
| **B** | **Birkitt** | Sam | 37 | Velociraptors Quadball Club |
| **B** | **Bryant** | Doug | 5 | Werewolves of London |
| **B** | **Marmolejo Morazo** | Paula | 31 | Phoenix Quadball Club |
| **B** | **Mills** | Sam |  | Werewolves of London |

### IQA World Cup 2023 (Richmond, USA)

The 2023 IQA World Cup squad was head coached by Alice Walker, with assistant coaches Matt Bateman, Simon Bidwell and Luke Twist and captained by Bill Orridge.

|  | Surname | First Name | Number | Club |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **S** | **Aymer-Jeffrey** | Jordan | 23 | Werewolves of London |
| **S** | **Fisher** | Elliot | 14 | Velociraptors Quadball Club |
| **S** | **Thompson** | Reuben | 75 | London Quadball Club |
| **K** | **Veale** | Aaron | 22 | Werewolves of London |
| **K** | **Waters** | Seb | 10 | London Quadball Club |
| **C** | **Brett** | Ed | 18 | Werewolves of London |
| **C** | **Chambers** | Jeniva | 21 | London Quadball Club |
| **C** | **Emre** | Benan | 1 | London Quadball Club |
| **C** | **Ferenczy** | Tash | 6 | Werewolves of London |
| **C** | **Houghton** | Matt | 27 | Southsea Quadball Club |
| **C** | **Hull** | Andy | 24 | Velociraptors Quadball Club |
| **C** | **Karling** | Tua | 44 | London Quadball Club |
| **C** | **Kreft** | Michal | 61 | Werewolves of London |
| **C** | **Lowe** | Bex | 13 | London Quadball Club |
| **C** | **Macartney** | Alex | 34 | Phoenix Quadball Club |
| **C** | **Malpass** | Ben | 20 | London Quadball Club |
| **B** | **Aziz** | Kerry | 89 | Werewolves of London |
| **B** | **Barrington** | Lucy | 4 | London Quadball Club |
| **B** | **Bryant** | Doug | 5 | Werewolves of London |
| **B** | **Marmolejo Morazo** | Paula | 31 | Phoenix Quadball Club |
| **B** | **Orridge *(C)*** | Bill | 12 | Velociraptors Quadball Club |
| **B** | **Orridge** | Mikey | 15 | Southampton Quadball Club |
| **B** | **Sartori** | Jacopo | 99 | London Quadball Club |
| **B** | **Trick** | Dan | 3 | London Quadball Club |
| **B** | **Werner** | Carina | 17 | London Quadball Club |

### IQA European Games 2024 (London, England)

The 2024 IQA European Games squad was head coached by Seb Waters, with assistant coaches Matthew Bateman, Fraser Prosford, Carina Werner, Luckeciano Melo and Tristan Harris. The squad was captained by Alice Twist.

|  | Surname | First Name | Number | Club |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **S** | **Aymer-Jeffrey** | Jordan | 23 | Werewolves of London |
| **S** | **Purvis** | Jonathan | 75 | London Quadball Club |
| **S** | **Southwell** | El | 50 | Wessex Warlocks Quadball Club |
| **K** | **Houghton** | Matt | 27 | Southsea Quadball Club |
| **K** | **Malpass** | Ben | 20 | London Quadball Club |
| **K** | **Martin** | James | 45 | Warwick Quadball Club |
| **K** | **Waters** | Seb | 10 | London Quadball Club |
| **C** | **Benevise** | Manon | 36 | Olympians Quadball Club |
| **C** | **Creighton** | Jo | 3 | Velociraptors Quadball Club |
| **C** | **Emre** | Benan | 1 | London Quadball Club |
| **C** | **Farrant** | Aimée | 22 | London Quadball Club |
| **C** | **Ferenczy** | Tash | 6 | Werewolves of London |
| **C** | **Fisher** | Elliot | 14 | London Quadball Club |
| **C** | **Macartney** | Alex | 34 | Phoenix Quadball Club |
| **C** | **Sampat** | Khushi | 12 | Warwick Quadball Club |
| **C** | **Twist *(C)*** | Alice | 9 | Werewolves of London |
| **C** | **Twist** | Luke | 7 | Werewolves of London |
| **B** | **Brilliant** | William | 30 | Oxford Universities Quadball Club |
| **B** | **Bryant** | Doug | 5 | Werewolves of London |
| **B** | **Mandahus** | Lena |  | Werewolves of London |
| **B** | **Mills** | Sam | 62 | Werewolves of London |
| **B** | **Orridge** | Mikey | 15 | Southsea Quadball Club |
| **B** | **Parroquin** | Marianna | 4 | London Quadball Club |
| **B** | **To** | Milo | 49 | Olympians Quadball Club |
| **B** | **Vong** | Michael | 88 | Werewolves of London |
|

## International Friendlies

### 2022 Italy Friendlies (Genoa, Italy)

England travelled to Genoa to play Italy and Spain on 18th June. England began the day beating Italy B 140–50\*, followed by defeating Spain 200\*-20. England's final game saw defeat to Italy A 70–120\*.

### 2023 Belgium Friendlies (Ghent, Belgium)

To prepare for the 2023 IQA World Cup, England travelled to Ghent to play eight friendlies against Belgium, France, Germany, and Norway. England first faced Norway on day 1, beating them 150–40\*. Belgium then defeated England convincingly with a 30–170\* scoreline. England improved to beat France 150\*-50, only to fall short against Germany 70–120\*. Day 2 saw replays of the previous day. England again beat Norway with a scoreline of 130–60\*, before beating Belgium 80\*-70. England then lost both their final games against France (90–120\*) and Germany (70–150\*).

### 2023 Quadball Nations Cup (Salou, Spain)

England entered the inaugural 2023 Quadball Nations Cup (QNations) with a development side due to limitations on team selection placed by the tournament organising committee. England were placed in group B with Basque Country, Catalonia, France, Italy and Spain. England began day 1 against Catalonia, winning 120-100\*, and France, winning 160-80\*. England then faced Basque country, losing 80-90\*, before beating Spain 140\*-130. The final game of Day 1 came against Italy, losing 40-70\*. This placed Team England in a combined-table of 9th. Day 2 started against 10th-placed Czech Republic, finishing 140\*-0 in favour of England. This win progressed the team up the table to face Poland, again winning with a scoreline of 130\*-50. In doing so, England were matched with Germany in an effective-quarter-final: the winner guaranteed to make the semi-final. In a close game, Germany were victorious with a 90\*-60 score, knocking Team England out with a final position of 5th.

## InfoBox

Team England
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | England National Quadball Team |
| Sport | Quadball |
| Founded | 2021 |
| Association | QuadballUK |
| League | International Quadball Association |
| Colours | Red and White
 |
| Head coach | Seb Waters |
| Captain | Alice Twist |
| Championships | 2022 IQA European Games 2023 WISE Cup
2024 IQA European Games |
| Website | QuidditchUK webpage
Quadball England Facebook Page |


title: Emil Triner

abstract: Emil Triner is a Czech retired professional rally driver. He drove for Škoda Motorsport in the World Rally Championship in 1993-1997 and 1999.

text:
# Emil Triner

**Emil Triner** (born 15 March 1961) is a Czech retired professional rally driver. He drove for Škoda Motorsport in the World Rally Championship in 1993-1997 and 1999.

## Complete WRC results

| Year | Entrant | Car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | WDC | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1993 | Škoda Motorsport | Škoda Favorit 136L | MON
23 | SWE
18 | POR
Ret | KEN | FRA | GRE
11 | ARG | NZL | FIN
25 | AUS | ITA
11 | ESP
13 | GBR
15 |  | - | 0 |
| 1994 | Škoda Motorsport | Škoda Favorit 136L | MON | POR
12 | KEN | FRA | GRE
9 | ARG | NZL | FIN
19 | ITA
18 | GBR
22 |  |  |  |  | 45th | 2 |
| 1995 | Škoda Motorsport | Škoda Felicia Kit Car | MON | SWE
23 | POR
Ret | FRA
Ret | NZL | AUS | ESP | GBR |  |  |  |  |  |  | - | 0 |
| 1996 | Škoda Motorsport | Škoda Felicia Kit Car | SWE | KEN | IDN | GRC | ARG
16 | FIN | AUS
18 | ITA | ESP
23 |  |  |  |  |  | - | 0 |
| 1997 | Škoda Motorsport | Škoda Felicia Kit Car | MON
11 | SWE
22 | KEN | POR
Ret | ESP
Ret | FRA | ARG
Ret | GRC
18 | NZL | FIN
25 | IDN |  | AUS
Ret | GBR | - | 0 |
| | Škoda Octavia Kit Car | | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ITA
Ret |  |  |
| 1999 | Škoda Motorsport | Škoda Octavia WRC | MON | SWE | KEN | POR
Ret | ESP | FRA | ARG | GRE
13 | NZL | FIN
14 | CHN | ITA
23 | AUS | GBR | - | 0 |

## 2L-MC results

| Year | Entrant | Car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1993 | Škoda Motorsport | Škoda Favorit 136L | MON
6 | SWE
4 | POR
Ret | KEN | FRA | GRC
1 | ARG | NZL | FIN
3 | AUS | ITA
4 | ESP
6 | GBR
2 |  |
| 1994 | Škoda Motorsport | Škoda Favorit 136L | SWE
7 | POR
3 | GRC
1 | FIN
4 | AUS
Ret | ITA
4 | ESP
5 | GBR
7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1995 | Škoda Motorsport | Škoda Favorit 136L | MON | SWE
5 | POR
Ret | KEN | FRA
Ret | GRC
Ret | ARG
3 | NZL | FIN
5 | ITA
4 |  |  |  |  |
| 1996 | Škoda Motorsport | Škoda Felicia Kit Car | MON
5 | POR
6 | FRA | ARG
3 | NZL
1 | AUS
3 | ESP
9 | GBR
Ret |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1997 | Škoda Motorsport | Škoda Felicia Kit Car | MON
1 | SWE
5 | KEN | POR
Ret | ESP
Ret | FRA | ARG
Ret | GRC
4 | NZL | FIN
7 | IDN |  | AUS
Ret | GBR |
| | Škoda Octavia Kit Car |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ITA
Ret |  |  |

### IRC results

| Year | Entrant | Car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | WDC | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2012 | Surfin | Škoda Fabia S2000 | AZO | CAN | IRL | COR | ITA | YPR | SMR | ROM | ZLI
20 | YAL | SLI | SAN | CYP | - | 0 |

## InfoBox

Emil Triner
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Czech |
| Born | (1961-03-15) 15 March 1961
Toužim, Czechoslovakia |
| World Rally Championship record | |
| Active years | 1993-1997, 1999 |
| Co-driver | Jiří Klíma
Pavel Štanc
Julius Gál
Karel Jirátko
Miloš Hůlka |
| Teams | Škoda Motorsport |
| Rallies | 32 |
| Championships | 0 |
| Rally wins | 0 |
| Podiums | 0 |
| Stage wins | 0 |
| Total points | 2 |
| First rally | 1993 Rallye Monte Carlo |
| Last rally | 1999 Rallye Sanremo |


title: Endotricha fuscobasalis

abstract: Endotricha fuscobasalis is a species of snout moth in the genus Endotricha. It is found in China (Tibet) and India.

text:
# Endotricha fuscobasalis

***Endotricha fuscobasalis*** is a species of snout moth in the genus *Endotricha*. It is found in China (Tibet) and India.

## InfoBox

| *Endotricha fuscobasalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Endotricha* |
| Species: | ***E. fuscobasalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Endotricha fuscobasalis***<br>Ragonot, 1891 | |
|


title: Endotricha flavifusalis

abstract: Endotricha flavifusalis is a species of snout moth in the genus Endotricha. It is found in China (Hainan), Indonesia, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea.

text:
# Endotricha flavifusalis

***Endotricha flavifusalis*** is a species of snout moth in the genus *Endotricha*. It is found in China (Hainan), Indonesia, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea.

## InfoBox

| *Endotricha flavifusalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Endotricha* |
| Species: | ***E. flavifusalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Endotricha flavifusalis***<br>Warren, 1891 | |
|


title: Endotricha eximia

abstract: Endotricha eximia is a species of snout moth in the genus Endotricha. It is found in China and India (Sikkim).

text:
# Endotricha eximia

***Endotricha eximia*** is a species of snout moth in the genus *Endotricha*. It is found in China (Guizhou, Sichuan) and India (Sikkim).

## InfoBox

| *Endotricha eximia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Endotricha* |
| Species: | ***E. eximia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Endotricha eximia***<br>(Whalley, 1963) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Endotrichia eximia* Whalley, 1963 | |


title: Encephalartos aplanatus

abstract: Encephalartos aplanatus is a species of cycad in Eswatini.

text:
# Encephalartos aplanatus

***Encephalartos aplanatus*** is a species of cycad in Eswatini.

## Description

This cycad is short, with 2-8 dark green leaves that grow up to 350 cm long. When young, the leaves stand upright, but as they mature, they tend to lie flat. The leaflets are lanceolate, about 30 cm long, with toothed margins, and grow in an opposite pattern along the rachis at an angle of 150-180°. The petiole has small spines.

It is a dioecious plant, with yellow, spindle-shaped male cones that are about 60 cm long and 8–10 cm wide. Female cones are also yellow, ovoid, around 40 cm long, and 12 cm in diameter. Both types of cones appear in January, during the middle of summer in the northern hemisphere. The surfaces of both macrosporophylls and microsporophylls are flat, smooth, and glabrous.

The seeds are 25 mm long and covered with red sarcotesta.

## InfoBox

| *Encephalartos aplanatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| CITES Appendix I (CITES) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Cycadophyta |
| Class: | Cycadopsida |
| Order: | Cycadales |
| Family: | Zamiaceae |
| Genus: | *Encephalartos* |
| Species: | ***E. aplanatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Encephalartos aplanatus***
Vorster | |
|


title: Encentrotis

abstract: Encentrotis is a genus of moths in the family Gelechiidae. It contains the species Encentrotis catagrapha, which is found in South Africa. The wingspan is about 16 mm. The forewings are pale glossy ochreous, with a few fuscous scales and with the base of the costa dark fuscous. There is a rather large dark fuscous dot towards the costa at one-third. The plical and second discal stigmata are rather large and dark fuscous. The hindwings are light grey.

text:
# Encentrotis

***Encentrotis*** is a genus of moths in the family Gelechiidae. It contains the species ***Encentrotis catagrapha***, which is found in South Africa.

The wingspan is about 16 mm. The forewings are pale glossy ochreous, with a few fuscous scales and with the base of the costa dark fuscous. There is a rather large dark fuscous dot towards the costa at one-third. The plical and second discal stigmata are rather large and dark fuscous. The hindwings are light grey.

## InfoBox

| *Encentrotis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Subfamily: | Gelechiinae |
| Genus: | *Encentrotis*
Meyrick, 1921 |
| Species: | ***E. catagrapha*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Encentrotis catagrapha***
Meyrick, 1921 | |
|


title: Endotricha punicea

abstract: Endotricha punicea is a species of snout moth in the genus Endotricha. It was described by Paul Ernest Sutton Whalley in 1963, and is known from China.

text:
# Endotricha punicea

***Endotricha punicea*** is a species of snout moth in the genus *Endotricha*. It was described by Paul Ernest Sutton Whalley in 1963, and is known from China (Henan, Hubei, Tibet).

## InfoBox

| *Endotricha punicea* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Endotricha* |
| Species: | ***E. punicea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Endotricha punicea***<br>Whalley, 1963 | |
|


# Energy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

The Democratic Republic of the Congo was a net energy exporter in 2008. Most energy was consumed domestically in 2008. According to the IEA statistics the energy export was in 2008 small and less than from the Republic of Congo. 2010 population figures were 3.8 million for the RC compared to CDR 67.8 Million.

## Electricity

The Democratic Republic of the Congo has reserves of petroleum, natural gas, coal, and a potential hydroelectric power generating capacity of around 100,000 MW. The Inga Dam on the Congo River has the potential capacity to generate 40,000 to 45,000 MW of electric power, sufficient to supply the electricity needs of the whole Southern Africa region. Ongoing uncertainties in the political arena, and a resulting lack of interest from investors has meant that the Inga Dam's potential has been limited.

In 2001, the dam was estimated to have an installed generating capacity of 2,473 MW. It is estimated that the dam is capable of producing no more than 650–750 MW, because two-thirds of the facility's turbines do not work. The African Development bank agreed to supply $8 million towards dam expansion. The government has also agreed to strengthen the Inga-kolwezi and Inga-South Africa interconnections and to construct a 2nd power line to supply power to Kinshasa.

In 2007, the DR Congo had a gross production of public and self-produced electricity of 8.3 TWh. The DR Congo imported 78 million kWh of electricity in 2007. The DR Congo is also an exporter of electric power. In 2003, electric power exports came to 1.3 TWh, with power transmitted to the Republic of Congo and its capital, Brazzaville, as well as to Zambia and South Africa. There were plans to build the Western Power Corridor (Westcor) to supply electricity from Inga III hydroelectric power plant to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Namibia, Botswana and South Africa.

The national power company is Société nationale d'électricité (SNEL).

Only 13% of the country has access to electricity. As of 2003, 98.2% of electricity was produced by hydroelectric power.

The DRC a member of three electrical power pools: SAPP (Southern African Power Pool), EAPP (East African Power Pool), and CAPP (Central African Power Pool).

### Hydropower

The country has vast potential in hydroelectricity. The second stage of the hydroelectric dam was completed in 1982 on the lower Congo River at Inga Falls, with a large portion of its power production supplying hydroelectricity to the mining industry and Kinshasa. Further plans are to build the proposed 11,050 MW Inga III hydropower project with the construction of two dams. There will be approximately 2,000 km and 3,000 km of transmissions lines within the DRC and across its borders respectively. The Inga III hydropower project is expected to electrify Kinshasa, lead to the development of the DRC's mining sector, and exported hydroelectricity.

## Petroleum

The DROC has crude oil reserves that are second only to Angola's in southern Africa. As of 2009, the DROC's crude oil reserves came to 29 million cubic metres (180 million barrels). In 2008, the DROC produced 3,173 cubic metres (19,960 bbl) of oil per day and consumed 1,700 cubic metres (11,000 bbl) per day. As of 2007, the DROC exported 3,194 cubic metres (20,090 bbl) per day and imported 1,805 cubic metres (11,350 bbl) per day.

In 2007, the DROC produced 836,000 metric tons of crude petroleum, exported 836,000 metric tons and had a reserve of 25,000,000 metric tons. The DROC had no refining capacity as of January 1, 2005, and must import refined petroleum products. In 2002, imports of refined petroleum products totaled 1,301 cubic metres (8,180 bbl) per day.

Oil product imports consist of gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, aviation gas, fuel oil, and liquefied petroleum gas. Oil products are exported and imported by Cohydro and Dalbit Petroleum. Dalbit Petroleum is a Kenya-based energy company that supplies products to Lubumbashi and North Eastern DRC. The DRC held 990 million cubic metres (35 billion cubic feet) of proven gas reserves as of 2017. There was no production, consumption or importation or exportation of natural gas. Galaxy Moriah Oil is the government contracted supplier of oil for the DROC.

## Coal

As of July 2005, the DROC is reported to have coal reserves of 97 million short tons. Domestic coal production and consumption in 2003 totaled 0.11 million short tons and 0.26 million shorts tons, respectively.

## Renewable energy (other than hydroelectric)

**ICTs for climate change mitigation**

One of the UN Millennium Development Goals is to make the benefits of new technologies - especially information and communications technologies (ICTs) – available to both industrialized nations and developing regions. In light of these goals, several projects have been founded by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), and other organisations in order to explore ICTs and climate change.

**Climate Change Legislation**

DRC has no national climate change policy and strategy which can present the DRC's current and future efforts to effectively address its climate change vulnerability and adaptation. It currently relies on environment-related policies and action plans to implement climate change initiatives and activities. Nevertheless, several NGOs and donor agencies have been active in the DRC to develop an administrative structure to address the needs of environmental protection and natural resources management.

The DRC is in a very high level sun belt that makes the installation of photovoltaic systems and the use of thermal solar systems viable throughout the country. Currently there are 836 solar power systems, with a total power of 83 kW, located in Equateur (167), Katanga (159), Nord-Kivu (170), the two Kasaï provinces (170), and Bas-Congo (170). There is also the 148 Caritas network system, with a total power of 6.31 kW7. The potential for further solar development is high.

The DRC has a wide diversity of natural resources, allowing it to consider a significant growth in hydro, wind and solar energy. It has been called "a virtual continent." For the first time in Africa, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has adopted an interactive atlas of renewable energy sources.

This Atlas was created by the UNDP, Netherlands Development Organization SNV, and the Congolese Ministry of Water Resources and Electricity. It has 600 interactive maps and informs policymaking on decentralizing energy and encourages further renewable energy investments.


title: Enkhuizen railway station

abstract: Enkhuizen is a terminus railway station in Enkhuizen, Netherlands. The station opened on 6 June 1885 and is located at the end of the Zaandam–Enkhuizen railway. The station and services are operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen. The station has a nearby ferry departure point with a ferry to Stavoren. There is also a ferry to and from Medemblik, allowing one to travel the so-called "historical triangle" using the Steamtrain Hoorn Medemblik from Hoorn to Medemblik, the boat to Enkhuizen and the train back to Hoorn from here. Both ferry services operate only during the summer.

text:
# Enkhuizen railway station

**Enkhuizen** is a terminus railway station in Enkhuizen, Netherlands. The station opened on 6 June 1885 and is located at the end of the Zaandam–Enkhuizen railway. The station and services are operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen. The station has a nearby ferry departure point with a ferry to Stavoren. There is also a ferry to and from Medemblik, allowing one to travel the so-called "historical triangle" using the Steamtrain Hoorn Medemblik from Hoorn to Medemblik, the boat to Enkhuizen and the train back to Hoorn from here (or the other way around). Both ferry services operate only during the summer.

## Train services

The following services currently call at Enkhuizen:

* 2x per hour intercity service Enkhuizen–Hoorn–Amsterdam–Hilversum–Amersfoort (–Deventer)
* 2x per hour intercity service Enkhuizen–Hoorn–Amsterdam (peak hours)

## Bus service

| Line | Route |
| --- | --- |
| **Connexxion** | |
| 138 | Enkhuizen NS–Town Centre–Enkhuizen Noord (Flosbeugel)–BovenkarspelGrootebroek |
| 650 | Wevershoof–Andijk–Bovenkarspel-Grootebroek–Enkhuizen–Lelystad NS |

## InfoBox

| Enkhuizen | |
| --- | --- |
| Enkhuizen railway station | |
| General information | |
| Location | Enkhuizen,  Netherlands |
| Coordinates | 52°41′58″N 5°17′16″E / 52.69944°N 5.28778°E / 52.69944; 5.28778 |
| Owned by | Nederlandse Spoorwegen |
| Line(s) | Zaandam–Enkhuizen railway |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Tracks | 2 |
| History | |
| Opened | 6 June 1885 |
| Electrified | 1974 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Nederlandse Spoorwegen Following station  *Terminus*  NS Intercity 2900  Bovenkarspel Floratowards Maastricht  NS Intercity 3900  Bovenkarspel Floratowards Heerlen  NS Intercity 4500  Bovenkarspel Floratowards Amsterdam Centraal | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  EnkhuizenLocation within Netherlands | |


title: Endless Arrow

abstract: "Endless Arrow" is a song by the American hardcore punk band Converge. The more-than-30-minute-long song was self-released digitally on March 19, 2020 as a pay what you want download. "Endless Arrow" is an extended ambient/experimental remix of the song "Aimless Arrow", the opening track from Converge's 2012 studio album All We Love We Leave Behind. The original track was just under three-minutes long and written by all members of Converge, but "Endless Arrow" was entirely remixed and created by guitarist Kurt Ballou at his own God City Studio. The band has said they created and released the track "to keep people entertained" during the initial United States lockdowns of the COVID-19 pandemic. Music journalists generally noted the song's drastic departure from Converge's typical musical style and track length. Jon Hadusek of Consequence of Sound described the track as "a half hour of experimental noise and dark, lingering atmospherics. It's a distant echo of the original song's arrangement." Tom Breihan of Stereogum said, "The original track was two minutes as 39 seconds long. And now Kurt Ballou — who is also, it's worth mentioning, probably the most sought-after producer in all of heavy music — has taken that sprint of a track and stretched it into an ambient doom odyssey." Axl Rosenberg of MetalSucks said, "If you listen very, very closely, you can still hear the original track in there. But yeah they ain't kiddin' when they describe 'Endless Arrow' as 'ambient/expermiental.' This shit makes Bloody Panda sound like DragonForce."

text:
# Endless Arrow

"**Endless Arrow**" is a song by the American hardcore punk band Converge. The more-than-30-minute-long song was self-released digitally on March 19, 2020 as a pay what you want download.

"Endless Arrow" is an extended ambient/experimental remix of the song "Aimless Arrow", the opening track from Converge's 2012 studio album *All We Love We Leave Behind*. The original track was just under three-minutes long and written by all members of Converge, but "Endless Arrow" was entirely remixed and created by guitarist Kurt Ballou at his own God City Studio. The band has said they created and released the track "to keep people entertained" during the initial United States lockdowns of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Music journalists generally noted the song's drastic departure from Converge's typical musical style and track length. Jon Hadusek of *Consequence of Sound* described the track as "a half hour of experimental noise and dark, lingering atmospherics. It's a distant echo of the original song's arrangement." Tom Breihan of *Stereogum* said, "The original track was two minutes as 39 seconds long. And now Kurt Ballou — who is also, it's worth mentioning, probably the most sought-after producer in all of heavy music — has taken that sprint of a track and stretched it into an ambient doom odyssey." Axl Rosenberg of MetalSucks said, "If you listen very, *very* closely, you can still hear the original track in there. But yeah they ain't kiddin' when they describe 'Endless Arrow' as 'ambient/expermiental.' This shit makes Bloody Panda sound like DragonForce."

## Track listing

1. "Endless Arrow" – 31:18

## InfoBox

| "Endless Arrow" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Converge | |
| Released | March 19, 2020 (2020-03-19) |
| Studio | God City Studio |
| Genre | Ambient |
| Length | 31:18 |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Kurt Ballou |
| Converge singles chronology | |
| "I Can Tell You About Pain"
(2017) "**Endless Arrow**"
(2020) | |


title: Enhanced Methods of Questioning

abstract: Enhanced Methods of Questioning is an EP released by Jello Biafra and the Guantanamo School of Medicine. It was released on May 24, 2011 on Alternative Tentacles. The name is a reference to enhanced interrogation techniques.

text:
# Enhanced Methods of Questioning

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| Alternative Press |  |
| Punknews.org |  |

***Enhanced Methods of Questioning*** is an EP released by Jello Biafra and the Guantanamo School of Medicine. It was released on May 24, 2011 on Alternative Tentacles. The name is a reference to enhanced interrogation techniques.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Biafra

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Dot Com Monte Carlo" | 3:41 |
| 2. | "The Cells That Will Not Die" | 4:40 |
| 3. | "Victory Stinks" | 4:00 |
| 4. | "Invasion Of The Mind Snatchers" | 5:02 |
| 5. | "Miracle Penis Highway" (Includes the hidden track "Metamorphosis Exploration On Deviation Street Jam") | 32:03 |

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Enhanced Methods of Questioning | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Jello Biafra and the Guantanamo School of Medicine | |
| Released | May 24, 2011 |
| Genre | Hardcore punk |
| Label | Alternative Tentacles |
| Producer | Marshall Lawless |
| Jello Biafra and the Guantanamo School of Medicine chronology | |
| *The Audacity of Hype*
(2009) ***Enhanced Methods of Questioning***
(2011) *White People and the Damage Done*
(2013) | |


title: Enhanced Imaging System

abstract: Enhanced Imaging System (EIS), officially referred to as "Enhanced Imagery System", previously known as 8X, and sometimes unofficially known as Misty 2 and KH-13, is an American reconnaissance satellite program. A derivative of the Improved Crystal satellites, EIS replaced Misty, and was intended to provide more coverage and dwell time than previous reconnaissance satellites; like Misty, it has stealth capabilities. Only one EIS satellite has been launched; USA-144, which was placed into orbit by a Titan IVB rocket on 22 May 1999.

text:
# Enhanced Imaging System

**Enhanced Imaging System** (**EIS**), officially referred to as "Enhanced Imagery System", previously known as **8X**, and sometimes unofficially known as **Misty 2** and **KH-13**, is an American reconnaissance satellite program. A derivative of the Improved Crystal satellites, EIS replaced Misty, and was intended to provide more coverage and dwell time than previous reconnaissance satellites; like Misty, it has stealth capabilities. Only one EIS satellite has been launched; USA-144, which was placed into orbit by a Titan IVB rocket on 22 May 1999.

## History

In 1995, a *Los Angeles Times* article reported that the **8X** program was intended as "a major upgrade to the KH-12", with a mass of as much as 20 tons, which would be used for detailed imaging with a wide field of view. The cost of the program was a subject of disagreement from some within the military at the time. By 1998, the program had been renamed Enhanced Imaging System. The Future Imagery Architecture program, which was intended to replace the Lacrosse and Improved Crystal satellites, was developed alongside EIS.

## Further reading


title: Enlightened (album)

abstract: Enlightened is a 2007 album by Dynamic Duo. This is Dynamic Duo's third album and was released on Compact Disc. This album features many guest artists, including YDG, Kero One and Brown Eye Soul's Na Ul, among others.

text:
# Enlightened (album)

***Enlightened*** is a 2007 album by Dynamic Duo. This is Dynamic Duo's third album and was released on Compact Disc. This album features many guest artists, including YDG, Kero One and Brown Eye Soul's Na Ul, among others.

## Track listing

1. 다시 쓰는 이력서
2. 해적 (Feat.YDG)
3. Dream (Feat. 바다, Bada)
4. 그래서 난 미쳤다 (Feat. 박정은, Dave Lopez For Flipsyde)
5. 지구본 뮤직 (Feat. Kero One)
6. 동전 한 닢
7. 절망하지 맙시다 (Interlude)
8. 절망하지 맙시다 (Feat. 아롬 For Bubble Sisters)
9. 출첵 (Feat. 나얼 Of Brown Eyed Soul)
10. 살인자의 몽타주
11. 독재자 (Feat.Sixpoint)
12. Happy Day (Feat. Heritage)
13. 복잡해
14. 그 남자 그 여자의 사정 (Feat. Bobby Kim)
15. U-turn (Feat. Verbal Jint)

## InfoBox

| Enlightened | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Dynamic Duo | |
| Released | May 28, 2007 |
| Genre | K-pop, Hip hop |
| Language | Korean |
| Label | CJ Music |


title: Enterprise service layer

abstract: In a service-oriented architecture business software implementation, the enterprise service layer is the highest level of abstraction. Any application programming interface defined at the enterprise service layer can cross domain boundaries; it calls directly the domain device layer, which in turn interacts with the application service layer or the RDBMS Service Layer. Therefore, any application programming interface which must access multiple domains to execute correctly must exist at the enterprise level. Since the enterprise service layer is the application programming interface of the entire enterprise, all the components in the enterprise can call it directly, and it can sometimes be accessed from outside the service-providing entity. The enterprise service layer exposes a number of application programming interface considerably lower than the application service layer because it works at a higher level of abstraction.

text:
# Enterprise service layer

In a service-oriented architecture business software implementation, the **enterprise service layer** is the highest level of abstraction.

Any application programming interface defined at the enterprise service layer can cross domain boundaries; it calls directly the domain device layer, which in turn interacts with the application service layer or the RDBMS Service Layer. Therefore, any application programming interface which must access multiple domains to execute correctly must exist at the enterprise level.

Since the enterprise service layer is the application programming interface of the entire enterprise, all the components in the enterprise can call it directly, and it can sometimes be accessed from outside the service-providing entity.

The enterprise service layer exposes a number of application programming interface considerably lower than the application service layer because it works at a higher level of abstraction.


title: Enterprise report management

abstract: Enterprise report management systems support very high-volume generation, handling and storage of reports and documents. Many ERM systems are used for online customer self-service document generation and delivery.

text:
# Enterprise report management

**Enterprise report management** (**ERM** or **ERP**) systems support very high-volume generation, handling and storage of reports and documents. Many ERM systems are used for online customer self-service document generation and delivery.

## History

ERM started out as a technology called **computer output to laser disc** (COLD) based on laser discs. In 2002, Mason Grigsby, known for his seminal work with INSCI in the late 1980s, promoted a name change for the technology and pointed out that "ERM" more accurately describes the process. The use of laserdiscs was replaced by the use of other optical storage technologies and is only one of several appropriate media for computer report storage.


title: Ephestia abnormalella

abstract: Ephestia abnormalella is a species of snout moth in the genus Ephestia. It was described by Émile Louis Ragonot in 1887, and is known from Uzbekistan.

text:
# Ephestia abnormalella

***Ephestia abnormalella*** is a species of snout moth in the genus *Ephestia*. It was described by Émile Louis Ragonot in 1887, and is known from Uzbekistan.

## InfoBox

| *Ephestia abnormalella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Ephestia* |
| Species: | ***E. abnormalella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ephestia abnormalella***<br>Ragonot, 1887 | |
|


title: Ephestia

abstract: Ephestia is a genus of small moths belonging to the family Pyralidae. Some species are significant pests of dry plant produce, such as seeds and cereals. Best known among these are probably the cacao moth and the Mediterranean flour moth. The genus Cadra is closely related to Ephestia and might be a junior synonym. Several of these moths are variously assigned to one or the other genus, in particular in non-entomological sources.

text:
# Ephestia

***Ephestia*** is a genus of small moths belonging to the family Pyralidae. Some species are significant pests of dry plant produce, such as seeds and cereals. Best known among these are probably the cacao moth (*E. elutella*) and the Mediterranean flour moth (*E. kuehniella*).

The genus *Cadra* is closely related to *Ephestia* and might be a junior synonym. Several of these moths are variously assigned to one or the other genus, in particular in non-entomological sources.

## Diversity

Species of *Ephestia* include:

## InfoBox

| *Ephestia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Cacao moth (*E. elutella*) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Tribe: | Phycitini |
| Genus: | *Ephestia*
Guenée, 1845 |
|
| Species | |
| Several, see text | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Anagasta* Heinrich, 1956
*Hyphantidium* Scott, 1859 | |


title: Enns-class river monitor

abstract: The Enns-class river monitors were built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy during the mid-1910s. The two ships of the class were assigned to the Danube Flotilla and participated in World War I. The ships survived the war and were transferred to Romania and the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes as reparations.

text:
# Enns-class river monitor

The ***Enns*-class river monitor**s were built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy during the mid-1910s. The two ships of the class were assigned to the Danube Flotilla and participated in World War I. The ships survived the war and were transferred to Romania and the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia) as reparations.

## Description and construction

The ships had an overall length of 57.9 m (190 ft 0 in), a beam of 10.3 m (33 ft 10 in), and a normal draught of 1.3 m (4 ft 3 in). They displaced 540 tonnes (530 long tons), and their crew consisted of 95 officers and enlisted men. The *Enns*-class ships were powered by two triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft, using steam generated by two Yarrow boilers. The engines were rated at 1,500–1,700 indicated horsepower (1,100–1,300 kW) and were designed to reach a top speed of 13.5 knots (25.0 km/h; 15.5 mph). They carried 75 long tons (76 t) of fuel oil.

The main armament of the *Enns*-class river monitors was a pair of 120 mm (4.7 in)/L45 guns in a single turret forward of the conning tower and three 120 mm (4.7 in)/L10 howitzers to the rear, in individual armored cupolas. They also mounted two individual 66 mm (2.6 in)/L50 BAG anti-aircraft guns, and six machine guns. The maximum range of their Škoda 120 mm (4.7 in)L/45 guns was 15 kilometres (9.3 mi). Their armour consisted of belt and bulkheads 40 mm (1.6 in) thick, deck armour 25 mm (0.98 in) thick, and their conning tower, gun turrets and cupolas were 50 mm (2.0 in) thick.

## Ships

| Ship | New name | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| SMS *Enns* | *Drava* | Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino, Linz | 1912 | September 1914 | 17 October 1914 | Scuttled, 11/12 April 1941 |
| SMS *Inn* | *Besarabia* | Ganz Danubius, Budapest | 1913 | 25 February 1915 | 11 April 1915 | Scrapped in 1960 |

## Careers

During World War II, *Besarabia* was the only Romanian river monitor out of seven to be fitted with new turrets. This took place between 1942 and 1943, while she was being completely rebuilt and up-gunned at Galați. Her armament ultimately consisted of two twin 120 mm naval guns, six 37 mm AA guns and four 20 mm AA guns. She also had a range of 690 nautical miles, more than enough to travel across the greatest East-West extent of the Black Sea, which was 635 nautical miles (the Black Sea was the area of operations of the World War II Romanian Navy).

## Footnotes

1. Greger 1976, p. 142.
2. Jane's Information Group 1989, p. 315.
3. Greger 1976, p. 9.
4. Chesneau 1980, p. 357.
5. Ganciu, Cristian (25 May 2018). "Monitorul BASARABIA". *rumaniamilitary.ro* (in Romanian).
6. Mark Axworthy, London: Arms and Armour, 1995, *Third Axis, Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941–1945*, pp. 352–353
7. Е. Е. Шведе, *Военные флоты 1939–1940 гг.*, Рипол Классик, 2013, pp. 120–121 (in Russian)
* Chesneau, Roger, ed. (1980). *Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946*. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-0-85177-146-5.
* Frampton, Viktor; Sieche, Erwin & Stewart, Charles L. (2006). "Question 22/04: Austro-Hungarian Danube River Monitors". *Warship International*. **XLIII** (3): 239–243. ISSN 0043-0374.
* Gardiner, Robert, ed. (1985). *Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921*. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-0-85177-245-5.
* Greger, René (1976). *Austro-Hungarian Warships of World War I*. London: Allan. ISBN 978-0-7110-0623-2.
* Halpern, Paul G. (2012). *A Naval History of World War I*. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-266-6.
* Jane's Information Group (1989) \[1946/47\]. *Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II*. London: Studio Editions. ISBN 978-1-85170-194-0.
* Jane's Information Group (1990) \[1919\]. *Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I*. London: Studio Editions. ISBN 978-1-85170-378-4.
* Marshall, Chris (1995). *The Encyclopedia of Ships : The History and Specifications of Over 1200 Ships*. New York City: Barnes & Noble. ISBN 978-1-56619-909-4.
* Niehorster, Dr. Leo (2013). "Balkan Operations Order of Battle Royal Yugoslavian Navy River Flotilla 6th April 1941". Dr. Leo Niehorster. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
* Shores, Christopher F.; Cull, Brian; Malizia, Nicola (1987). *Air War for Yugoslavia, Greece, and Crete, 1940–41*. London: Grub Street. ISBN 978-0-948817-07-6.
* Terzić, Velimir (1982). *Slom Kraljevine Jugoslavije 1941 : uzroci i posledice poraza* \[*The Collapse of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1941: Causes and Consequences of Defeat*\] (in Serbo-Croatian). Vol. 2. Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Narodna knjiga. OCLC 10276738.

## InfoBox

| SMS Enns | |
| --- | --- |
| Class overview | |
| Name | *Sava* |
| Builders |  |
| Operators |  |
| Preceded by | *Temes* class |
| Succeeded by | *Sava* class |
| Built | 1912–1915 |
| In service | 1914–1958 |
| Completed | 2 |
| Lost | 1 |
| Retired | 1 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | River monitor |
| Displacement | 540 tonnes (530 long tons) |
| Length | 57.9 m (190 ft 0 in) |
| Beam | 10.3 m (33 ft 10 in) |
| Draught | 1.3 m (4 ft 3 in) |
| Installed power |  |
| Propulsion | 2 Triple-expansion steam engines |
| Speed | 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph) |
| Range | 690 nautical miles (*Besarabia*, World War II) |
| Complement | 95 officers and enlisted men |
| Armament |  |
| Armour |  |


title: Enns (river)

abstract: The Enns is a southern tributary of the river Danube in Austria, joining northward at the city of Enns. It forms much of the border between the states of Lower Austria and Upper Austria. The Enns spans 253 kilometres (157 mi), in a flat-J-shape. It flows from its source near the village Flachau, generally eastward through Radstadt, Schladming, and Liezen, then turns north near Hieflau, to flow past Weyer and Ternberg through Steyr, and further north to the Danube at Enns.

text:
# Enns (river)

The **Enns** (German pronunciation: \[ɛns\] ) is a southern tributary of the river Danube in Austria, joining northward at the city of Enns. It forms much of the border between the states of Lower Austria and Upper Austria. The Enns spans 253 kilometres (157 mi), in a flat-J-shape. It flows from its source near the village Flachau, generally eastward through Radstadt, Schladming, and Liezen, then turns north near Hieflau, to flow past Weyer and Ternberg through Steyr, and further north to the Danube at Enns (*see map in References*).

## Name

It was known in Latin as *Anisus* or *Anasus*, of uncertain origin; Anreiter et al. tried to link it to an Indo-European **on*\- and the hydronymic suffix **-is-*. Later sources call it *Ensa* or *Enisa*. Others have linked it to Upper Danubian Vasconic **an*, "water." Another possible link is Greek ᾰ̓νῠστός (*anystos*, "useful"). The West Slavic languages have different names for the river: in Czech it is called the *Enže*; in Slovak, the *Enža*; and in Polish, the *Aniza*.

## Geography

The Enns has its source in the Radstädter Tauern mountains in the Austrian state of Salzburg. In a valley which developed during the ice age, it flows at the border between the Northern Limestone Alps and the Central Eastern Alps on an eastern trajectory through Styria, where it passes the Dachstein group at its southern side. Between Admont and Hieflau, it takes a turn to the North and passes through the Gesäuse, a gorge of a length of 15 km (9.3 mi), where it penetrates the limestone of the Ennstaler Alpen. Flowing to the north from there on, it reaches the state of Upper Austria at the mouth of the Laussabach. North of Steyr, it forms the border between Upper Austria and Lower Austria (formerly also known as *Austria above the Enns* and *Austria below the Enns*). Finally, it meets the Danube at Mauthausen and the city of Enns. It is the longest river solely in Austria.

The Enns is a typical wild water river and draws its water from an area of 6,084 km2 (2,349 sq mi), which makes it the fifth-largest in Austria. Its average discharge at the mouth is 200 m3/s (7,100 cu ft/s).

The Anisian Age in the Triassic Period of geological time is named from Anisus, the Latin name of the river Enns.

## History

In the middle of the 19th century, canals began to be built along the 70 km (43 mi) between Weißenbach and the Gesäuse, in order to make use of the water for agriculture and forestry.

In total, ten power plants with a total generative power of 345 megawatts have been built by the *Ennskraftwerke AG*.

## Towns along the river

### in Salzburg

### in Styria

### in Upper Austria

## Hydroelectric power stations

Currently, there are 15 hydroelectric power stations on the Enns. The power stations are listed beginning at the headwaters:

| Dam | Nameplate capacity (MW) | Annual generation (Mio. kwh) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gstatterboden | 2 | 6.8 |
| Hieflau | 63 | 388 |
| Landl | 25 | 135.5 |
| Krippau | 30 | 173.5 |
| Altenmarkt | 26 | 165.9 |
| Schönau | 30 | 122.8 |
| Weyer | 37 | 159.6 |
| Großraming | 72 | 270.7 |
| Losenstein | 39 | 170 |
| Ternberg | 40 | 169.7 |
| Rosenau | 34 | 145.5 |
| Garsten-St. Ulrich | 38 | 162.5 |
| Staning | 43 | 203.2 |
| Mühlrading | 25 | 111.8 |
| St. Pantaleon | 52 | 261.6 |
|

## Tributaries

The most important inflows are the Palten, the Salza and the Steyr. Other tributaries are the Northern Taurach and the Erzbach.

## Transport

A major transit route connecting Germany and Slovenia through Austria runs through the Enns valley. The so-called *Eisenstraße* ("iron road") runs along the river between Hieflau and Enns, along which iron ore has been transported from the Styrian Erzberg ("ore mountain") to the steel mill in Linz. The 263km Enns Radweg cyclepath follows the river starting at Flachauwinkl and finishing where the Enns enters the Danube.

## InfoBox

| Enns | |
| --- | --- |
| The *Ennstal* in Styria between Stainach and Liezen | |
|  | |
| Etymology | Latin *Anisus*, *Anasus* |
| Location | |
| Country | Austria |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Radstädter Tauern (mountains) |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Danube at Mauthausen |
| coordinates | 48°14′13″N 14°31′08″E / 48.2369°N 14.5190°E / 48.2369; 14.5190 |
| Length | 253.4 km (157.5 mi) |
| Basin size | 6,084 km2 (2,349 sq mi) |
|  | |
| Discharge |  |
| location | mouth |
| average | 200 m3/s (7,100 cu ft/s) |
|  | |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | DanubeBlack Sea |


title: Eois paulona

abstract: Eois paulona is a moth in the family Geometridae. Eois paulona is most often found in the eastern region of the Andes mountain range.

text:
# Eois paulona

***Eois paulona*** is a moth in the family Geometridae. *Eois paulona* is most often found in the eastern region of the Andes mountain range.

## InfoBox

| *Eois paulona* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Eois* |
| Species: | ***E. paulona*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eois paulona***<br>(Schaus, 1927) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cambogia paulona* Schaus, 1927 | |


abstract: The Entoto Observatory Space Science Research Center (EORC) is an astronomical observatory station located in Mount Entoto, close to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The center was initiated during the establishment of the Ethiopian Space Science Society (ESSS) and officially began operations in 2012. The Board of Directors appointed Dr. Solomon Belay Tessema as the first Scientific Director in May 2012. The Entoto Observatory has twin 1m telescopes installed in early 2014, and science operations began in early 2015. Final commissioning was completed by early 2015 after the installation of essential supplemental equipment. Currently it is financed by a consortium of universities, ESSS, and the Ethiopian government. It has plans to expand the center in Lalibela and other towns.

text:
# Entoto Observatory Space Science Research Center

The **Entoto Observatory Space Science Research Center** (**EORC**) is an astronomical observatory station located in Mount Entoto, close to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The center was initiated during the establishment of the Ethiopian Space Science Society (ESSS) and officially began operations in 2012. The Board of Directors appointed Dr. Solomon Belay Tessema as the first Scientific Director in May 2012.

The Entoto Observatory has twin 1m telescopes installed in early 2014, and science operations began in early 2015. Final commissioning was completed by early 2015 after the installation of essential supplemental equipment. Currently it is financed by a consortium of universities, ESSS, and the Ethiopian government. It has plans to expand the center in Lalibela and other towns.

## History

The Entoto Observatory and Space Science Research Center (EORC) was initiated during the establishment of the Ethiopian Space Science Society (ESSS) in 2004. The first initiative was conducted by the board members of ESSS and established the Astronomy and Space Science Research center at Entoto and the Ethiopian Highlands. In 2011, the owner was asked by ESSS to develop a draft list of science initiatives to support the establishment of the center. The center was established in 2012, supported by numerous private and public universities around the world.

In 2013, the two domes for the twin telescopes were completed by deserting the trees. The Entoto Observatory has twin 1m telescope installed in early 2014, and science operations began in early 2015. Final commissioning was completed by early 2015 after installment of internet connections, scientific equipment, lighting systems, and testing equipment. Currently it is financed by a consortium of universities, ESSS and the Ethiopian government.

## Future benefit

The Entoto Observatory offers benefits to Ethiopian astronomers and those in the East African region. It also intended to boost research programs and a student training center. The initiative also selected a potentially ideal place such as Lalibela for a research center. Two sites have been set up with the requisite equipment (DIMMs, automatic weather stations, all sky cameras, sky brightness monitors), and infrastructure support (roads, housing) has been established.

## InfoBox

Entoto Observatory and Research Center
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Organization | Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute |
| Location | Mount Entoto, near Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |
| Coordinates | 9°06′30″N 38°48′27″E / 9.108353°N 38.807388°E / 9.108353; 38.807388 |
| Altitude | 3,200 metres (10,500 ft) |
| Observing time | 3:00 (local time) |
| Established | 2012 |
| Website | etssti.org/research-center/ |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Entotrust certification

abstract: The Entotrust certification is a voluntary product certification of insects as food, and related insect-based foods, which allows producers to communicate their food safety and sustainability. Increasingly used, in Europe, Africa, Asia, US, Mexico, and Latam with the mission to recognize and report quality products based on edible insects, the logo can only be used by fully certified producers and farmers. The Entotrust International certification covers a wide range of food products including bakery, pasta, confectionary, salted snacks and chips, protein and energy bars, whole dried insects, insect protein powder, and functional drinks. In general, it encompasses any product that might become a more sustainable and nutritious one, with the inclusion of a percentage of insect origin proteins. The call for more sustainable proteins, healthier diets, and food innovation is driving wider adoption of insect food across the globe: a certificate and a seal of acceptance have a capability to play a major part in making clients trust edible insect solutions. It is easier making people wish to consume insects if they know they’re secure and bred in a sustainable manner. The insect as food market is expected to grow significantly according independent analysis at an average CAGR of 8.9% during the forecast period (2023–2028). More than 2,100 insect species are currently eaten by two billion people from 130 countries. Insects have high-value nutritional profiles, and are rich in protein, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, zinc, folic acid and vitamins B12, C and E. Commercial insect farming is considered to have a low environmental footprint, requiring minimal water, energy, and land resources. Europe and the United States of America are the leading edible insect markets in the Western World today, with more than 400 edible-insect-related businesses in operation.

text:
# Entotrust certification

The **Entotrust certification** is a voluntary product certification of insects as food, and related insect-based foods, which allows producers to communicate their food safety and sustainability. Increasingly used, in Europe, Africa, Asia, US, Mexico, and Latam with the mission to recognize and report quality products based on edible insects, the logo can only be used by fully certified producers and farmers.

The Entotrust International certification covers a wide range of food products including bakery, pasta, confectionary, salted snacks and chips, protein and energy bars, whole dried insects, insect protein powder, and functional drinks. In general, it encompasses any product that might become a more sustainable and nutritious one, with the inclusion of a percentage of insect origin proteins.

The call for more sustainable proteins, healthier diets, and food innovation is driving wider adoption of insect food across the globe: a certificate and a seal of acceptance have a capability to play a major part in making clients trust edible insect solutions. It is easier making people wish to consume insects if they know they’re secure and bred in a sustainable manner.

The insect as food market is expected to grow significantly according independent analysis at an average CAGR of 8.9% during the forecast period (2023–2028). More than 2,100 insect species are currently eaten by two billion people from 130 countries. Insects have high-value nutritional profiles, and are rich in protein, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, zinc, folic acid and vitamins B12, C and E. Commercial insect farming is considered to have a low environmental footprint, requiring minimal water, energy, and land resources. Europe and the United States of America are the leading edible insect markets in the Western World today, with more than 400 edible-insect-related businesses in operation.

## How it works

Producers and farmers of insect food intended for human consumption, request to have their products analysed in accredited food laboratories for microbiology and chemical elements, this to ensure the absolute food safety. Then a thorough audit of the farming and manufacturing processes is performed in compliance with strict requirements, baseline are the Haccp methodology, and checklists comparable to the GFSI and BRC assessments. The aim is to verify the complete value chain from the farm to the consumer's plate.

The three dimensions of the assessment are:

Certification is obtained by responding to specific checklists concerning both food safety, company processes and practices in terms of environmental impact and social fairness. Verification is carried out through meetings, video calls, documentary evidence and photos, when necessary auditors’ visits to the company premises. Furthermore, the accredited laboratory yearly carries out analyses on certified products, as a necessary condition for the renewal of the certification.

## Other certification and product labelings


title: Entity-level control

abstract: An entity-level control is a control that helps to ensure that management directives pertaining to the entire entity are carried out. These controls are the second level to understanding the risks of an organization. Generally, entity refers to the entire company.

text:
# Entity-level control

An **entity-level control** is a control that helps to ensure that management directives pertaining to the entire entity are carried out. These controls are the second level to understanding the risks of an organization. Generally, entity refers to the entire company.

## Regulation surrounding entity-level controls

### Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

As a result of several accounting and auditing scandals, congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Section 404 of the act requires company management to assess and report on the effectiveness of the company's internal control. It also requires the company's independent auditor to attest to management's disclosures regarding the effectiveness of internal control. The act also created the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB).

### PCAOB Auditing Standard 2201

The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) became the primary regulator of audits of publicly traded companies. In June 2007, the PCAOB adopted Auditing Standard 2201 (Supersedes AS No. 5). This standard contains the standards over performing an audit of internal control over financial reporting that is integrated with an audit of financial statements.

The auditor must test entity-level controls that are important to the auditor's conclusion about whether the company has effective internal control over financial reporting. Depending on the auditor's evaluation of the effectiveness of the entity-level controls, the auditor can increase or decrease the amount of testing that they will perform.

Entity-level controls vary greatly in nature and precision. Their effect on the audit plan varies according to how precise they are.

| Type | Description | Audit Effect |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Indirect | Some entity-level controls have an indirect effect on the chances of detecting or preventing a misstatement on a timely basis. They do not directly relate to risks at the financial statement assertion level. | Affect control selection, and the nature, timing, and extent of the procedures performed. |
| Monitoring | Some entity-level controls monitor the effectiveness of other controls. They could be designed to identify breakdowns of lower level controls. These controls are not precise enough by themselves to specifically address the assessed risk at the relevant assertion level. | Reduce the testing of other controls if operating effectively. |
| Precise | Some entity-level controls are precise enough to prevent or detect misstatements on a timely basis. | If the control sufficiently addresses the risk, then additional tests of controls relating to that risk are not necessary |

## Common entity-level controls

## Evaluating entity-level controls

### Auditor's evaluation

Entity-level controls, along with all other internal controls should be evaluated by independent auditors according to SAS 109 (AU 314) issued by the AICPA. SAS 109 stipulates that "auditors should obtain an understanding of the five components of internal control sufficient to assess the risk of material misstatement of the financial statements whether due to error or fraud, and to design the nature, timing, and extent of further audit procedures."

The information gathered from obtaining an understanding of the five components of internal control should be used to do the following:

* Identify types of potential misstatements
* Consider factors that affect the risks of material misstatement
* Design tests of controls, when applicable, and substantive procedures

Entity-level controls are generally included in the testing.

### COSO internal control-integrated framework

The aforementioned five components of internal control refer to the five parts of the COSO framework. The framework gives auditors a way to evaluate the controls of an entity.

The five components are:

1. Control environment
2. Risk assessment
3. Information and communication
4. Control activities
5. Monitoring

Entity-level controls often fit into one or more of the five COSO components.

Example
| COSO Components | Background Checks | Audit Committee | Internal Audit | Shared Services |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Control Environment | X | X |  |  |
| Risk Assessment | X | X | X |  |
| Information & Communication | X | X | X | X |
| Monitoring |  | X | X |  |

### Management's evaluation

There are four basic steps that management can use to evaluate entity-level controls:

Identify risksUse a top-down approach to identify and categorize risk. Identify entity-level controls and link to risksExamine current entity-level controls to determine what controls have been placed into operation. Also, identify important entity-level controls that may be missing in the current framework. Then link the entity-level controls best suited to address the identified risks. Evaluate the design and operating effectiveness of entity-level controlsDetermine how effectively each entity-level control addresses identified risks by considering, among other things: sensitivity; competency of the reviewer, frequency and consistency of the control's operation; whether the control is reliable and repeatable; and whether appropriate review and follow-up action is taking place. Leverage entity-level controls as appropriate to mitigate risksBy leveraging strong entity-level controls, management will be able to develop a more effective and efficient controls evaluation strategy.

## Definitions of selected entity-level controls organized into the COSO framework

### Control environment

Code of ConductThe norms to which the organization voluntarily agrees to comply. For example, the company's code of conduct might include a policy for prohibiting employees from accepting gifts from vendors. GovernanceA mechanism for monitoring how the resources of an organization are being put to an efficient use by management, with an emphasis on transparency and accountability Assignment of Authority and ResponsibilityThe term "authority" refers to the right to perform the organization's activities. The term "responsibility" refers to the obligation to perform assigned activities. It is important for the achievement of control objectives that authorities and responsibilities be consistent with the goals of its business activities and assigned to appropriate personnel. Hiring and Retention PracticesHiring and retaining skilled resources is critical to an organization's success. Policies and procedures around job definition, recruitment, training, performance appraisal, employee retention programs, and management of employee exits are important components of managing human resources. Fraud Prevention Prevent/Detect Controls and Analytical ProceduresThis refers to the anti-fraud controls and procedures used by management to prevent, detect and mitigate fraud. Examples might include segregation of duties, setting up an ethics hot line and periodic job rotation.

### Risk assessment

Risk Assessment MethodologyA systematic approach to identify, assess and prioritize risks. Risk Assessment Analytical TechniquesAnalytical techniques, if used appropriately, can serve as a tool in the risk assessment process. Since risk is an outcome of perception, analytical techniques help remove subjectivity, to a certain extent by collation and presentation of data in a systematic manner for assessment of potential impact and likelihood of occurrence or risks.

### Information and communication

Internal Communication and Performance ReportingThis refers to the lines of communication that run through an organization's structure, both top-down and bottom-up, including peer communication. Performance reporting is part of internal communication, and usually involves a two-way process of setting expectations and monitoring performance against agreed-upon expectations. Tone SettingTone setting refers to various components of the "tone at the top," that are the building blocks of the character of an organization. Having set the right tone, it is equally important to have open channels of communication so that those within and outside the organization understand and act upon it. Examples of such components of tone include code of ethics and corporate governance practices. Board/Audit Committee ReportingBoard members, including independent directors, assume fiduciary responsibilities which require them to have access to accurate and relevant information. While most countries have enacted laws regarding formal reporting to the board of directors and the Audit Committee of the Board, these usually constitute baseline procedures and requirements. Companies are free to adopt more stringent measures regarding Board/Audit Committee Reporting, such as holding more frequent formal Audit Committee Meetings than required by law. External CommunicationThis refers to the communication to the shareholders, stock market, customers, regulators, vendors, and other entities outside the company's formal boundaries. The annual report is an example of external communication around the company performance, financial statements, vision, goals and targets.

### Monitoring

Ongoing Monitoring ActivitiesPeriodic review of process and controls using relevant management reporting tools. For example, these would include monthly review of aging of accounts receivable to determine the extent of reserves required for doubtful debts. Independent Assessment MechanismUse of external specialists or professionals to review and assess internal controls. For example, this might include the use of external tax professionals to review the controls around tax positions developed by the in-house tax team. Variance Analysis ReportingComparison and reporting of actual performance against pre-determined benchmarks, if used appropriately, can serve as an early-warning mechanism. For example, a steady increase in debtor turnover might indicate varying levels of collection-related issues. Remediation MechanismThis refers to a systematic approach to resolving identified internal control issues. While an issue could be identified by either an internal or an external monitoring mechanism, the remediation mechanism is usually management-owned. Management Triggers Embedded Within IT SystemsMost enterprise applications configure business rules in a manner as to prevent, require pre-approval, or alert relevant management personnel in the event that certain pre-set thresholds are not observed. For example, a sales application could deploy a control preventing sales transactions above the specified credit limit of a customer.

## Importance

Entity-level controls have a pervasive influence throughout an organization. If they are weak, inadequate, or nonexistent, they can produce material weaknesses relating to an audit of internal control and material misstatements in the financial statements of the company. The presence of material misstatements could result in receiving an adverse opinion on internal controls and a qualified opinion on the financial statements. Material misstatements are expensive to fix, and receiving an adverse or qualified opinion generally results in a drop in stock price of a publicly traded company.

## Benefits

* Reduction of the likelihood of a negative risk event by establishing and reinforcing the infrastructure that sets the control consciousness of the organization
* A broad risk coverage over financial reporting and operations. For companies conducting evaluations of internal controls, the presence of effective entity-level controls can contribute to a more effective and efficient evaluation strategy
* Generation of efficiencies in other business and operational processes
* Reinforcement for all stakeholders of the importance of internal controls to the success of the business
* Better understanding of how identified risks are mitigated, and redirect evaluation and other resources toward priority risk areas
* Increased effectiveness and efficiency of management's risk assessment and controls evaluation.


title: Entrelacs, Quebec

abstract: Entrelacs is a municipality in Matawinie Regional County Municipality in the Lanaudière region of Quebec, Canada. Prior to February 13, 1991, it was in Les Pays-d'en-Haut Regional County Municipality in the Laurentides region.

text:
# Entrelacs, Quebec

**Entrelacs** is a municipality in Matawinie Regional County Municipality in the Lanaudière region of Quebec, Canada.

Prior to February 13, 1991, it was in Les Pays-d'en-Haut Regional County Municipality in the Laurentides region.

## History

The area is part of the geographic township of Wexford, named after a town and county in Ireland, and first settled by Irish colonists circa 1840. In 1860, the Township Municipality of Wexford was established.

In 1967, it was decided to change the name to Entrelacs, meaning "between lakes" in reference to its position between Lakes Patrick and Des Îles. This name had already been used to identify the post office since 1889, but which closed in 1974.

## Demographics

### Population

Historical Census Data - Entrelacs, Quebec
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1991 | 628 |  |
| 1996 | 732 | +16.6% |
| 2001 | 798 | +9.0% |
| 2006 | 952 | +19.3% |
| 2011 | 906 | −4.8% |
| 2016 | 928 | +2.4% |
| 2021 | 1,054 | +13.6% |

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents (2021): 587 (total dwellings: 1131)

### Language

**Mother tongue (2021)**

| Language | Population | Pct (%) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| French only | 965 | 91.5% |
| English only | 45 | 4.3% |
| English and French | 10 | 0.9% |
| Non-official languages | 20 | 1.9% |

## Education

Commission scolaire des Samares operates French-language public schools:

* École Notre-Dame-de-la-Merci — Saint-Émile (pavillon Saint-Émile)

Sir Wilfrid Laurier School Board operates English-language public schools:

## Notable people

Canadian-American ambient rock band Vision Eternel recorded its 2020 extended play *For Farewell of Nostalgia* in Entrelacs, where principal band member Alexander Julien resided. Julien also directed and edited a short music video entitled *A Preview of For Farewell of Nostalgia* in January 2020, the footage of which was filmed on the bank of the Jean-Venne River, near Mortified Studios, where the extended play was recorded between 2018-2019.

Marianne Farley's 2022 drama film *North of Albany* was partly filmed in Entrelacs during the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic.

## InfoBox

| Entrelacs | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location within Matawinie RCM | |
| EntrelacsLocation in central Quebec | |
| Coordinates: 46°07′N 74°00′W / 46.12°N 74°W / 46.12; -74 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Quebec |
| Region | Lanaudière |
| RCM | Matawinie |
| Settled | 1840 |
| Constituted | January 1, 1860 |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Sylvain Breton |
| Federal riding | Joliette |
| Prov. riding | Bertrand |
| Area | |
| Total | 56.40 km2 (21.78 sq mi) |
| Land | 48.71 km2 (18.81 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 1,054 |
| Density | 21.6/km2 (56/sq mi) |
| Pop 2016-2021 | 13.6% |
| Dwellings | 1,131 |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (EST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Postal code(s) | J0T 2E0 |
| Area code(s) | 450 and 579 |
| Highways | R-125 |
| Website | www.entrelacs.com |


title: Entrelacs, Savoie

abstract: Entrelacs is a commune in the Savoie department of southeastern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Albens, Cessens, Épersy, Mognard, Saint-Germain-la-Chambotte and Saint-Girod.

text:
# Entrelacs, Savoie

**Entrelacs** (French pronunciation: \[ɑ̃tʁəlak\]) is a commune in the Savoie department of southeastern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Albens, Cessens, Épersy, Mognard, Saint-Germain-la-Chambotte and Saint-Girod.

## Geography

### Climate

Entrelacs has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification *Cfb*). The average annual temperature in Entrelacs is 11.0 °C (51.8 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,280.1 mm (50.40 in) with October as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 20.4 °C (68.7 °F), and lowest in January, at around 1.8 °C (35.2 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Entrelacs was 39.5 °C (103.1 °F) on 13 August 2003; the coldest temperature ever recorded was −20.0 °C (−4.0 °F) on 7 January 1985.

| Climate data for Entrelacs (Mognard, altitude 340m, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1984–2020) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.1
(62.8) | 20.1
(68.2) | 25.0
(77.0) | 29.5
(85.1) | 33.1
(91.6) | 37.7
(99.9) | 38.4
(101.1) | 39.5
(103.1) | 32.4
(90.3) | 27.0
(80.6) | 21.6
(70.9) | 21.0
(69.8) | 39.5
(103.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.6
(42.1) | 8.0
(46.4) | 13.2
(55.8) | 17.0
(62.6) | 21.2
(70.2) | 25.1
(77.2) | 27.5
(81.5) | 27.0
(80.6) | 22.2
(72.0) | 16.8
(62.2) | 10.1
(50.2) | 6.0
(42.8) | 16.6
(61.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.8
(35.2) | 3.1
(37.6) | 7.0
(44.6) | 10.5
(50.9) | 14.7
(58.5) | 18.5
(65.3) | 20.4
(68.7) | 20.0
(68.0) | 15.9
(60.6) | 11.6
(52.9) | 5.9
(42.6) | 2.4
(36.3) | 11.0
(51.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.0
(28.4) | −1.8
(28.8) | 0.8
(33.4) | 3.9
(39.0) | 8.3
(46.9) | 11.9
(53.4) | 13.2
(55.8) | 13.0
(55.4) | 9.6
(49.3) | 6.4
(43.5) | 1.8
(35.2) | −1.2
(29.8) | 5.3
(41.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −20.0
(−4.0) | −16.9
(1.6) | −13.0
(8.6) | −7.0
(19.4) | −2.5
(27.5) | 1.1
(34.0) | 4.7
(40.5) | 3.0
(37.4) | −0.5
(31.1) | −7.0
(19.4) | −14.0
(6.8) | −15.4
(4.3) | −20.0
(−4.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 100.2
(3.94) | 83.5
(3.29) | 93.9
(3.70) | 96.6
(3.80) | 108.5
(4.27) | 107.6
(4.24) | 98.3
(3.87) | 112.9
(4.44) | 113.1
(4.45) | 125.1
(4.93) | 117.6
(4.63) | 122.8
(4.83) | 1,280.1
(50.40) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 10.5 | 8.9 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 11.3 | 10.4 | 8.8 | 9.1 | 8.9 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.4 | 120.8 |
| Source: Météo-France | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 2,849 |  |
| 1975 | 2,859 | +0.05% |
| 1982 | 3,404 | +2.52% |
| 1990 | 3,964 | +1.92% |
| 1999 | 4,378 | +1.11% |
| 2007 | 5,200 | +2.17% |
| 2012 | 5,744 | +2.01% |
| 2017 | 6,268 | +1.76% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Entrelacs | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| A view within Albens | |
| Location of Entrelacs | |
| EntrelacsEntrelacs | |
| Coordinates: 45°47′10″N 5°56′42″E / 45.786°N 5.945°E / 45.786; 5.945 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |
| Department | Savoie |
| Arrondissement | Chambéry |
| Canton | Aix-les-Bains-1 |
| Intercommunality | CA Grand Lac |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Jean François Braissand |
| Area**1** | 51.90 km2 (20.04 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 6,329 |
| Density | 120/km2 (320/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 73010 /73410 |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Eric Lane (American football)

abstract: Eric T. Lane is an American former professional football player who was a running back for seven seasons with the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL) from 1981 to 1987.

text:
# Eric Lane (American football)

**Eric T. Lane** (born January 6, 1959) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for seven seasons with the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL) from 1981 to 1987.

## InfoBox

Eric Lane
| No. 37 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Running back |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1959-01-06) January 6, 1959<br>Oakland, California, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) |
| Weight: | 195 lb (88 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Hayward (CA) |
| College: | Brigham Young |
| NFL draft: | 1981 / round: 8 / pick: 196 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Rushing yards: 405  Rushing average: 3.3  Receptions: 42  Receiving yards: 357  Total touchdowns: 7 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Equinox Publishing (Jakarta)

abstract: Equinox Publishing is a Jakarta-based publisher of books.

text:
# Equinox Publishing (Jakarta)

**Equinox Publishing** is a Jakarta-based publisher of books.

## History

Equinox was launched on the vernal equinox, 21 March 2000 at the Shangri-La Hotel in Jakarta. Its aim was to publish "fiction, non-fiction, and luxury illustrated and specially-commissioned works". Its first book was a coffee-table book, *KRETEK: The Culture and Heritage of Indonesia's Clove Cigarettes* by Mark Hanusz.

The firm has also published three works by Indonesia's renowned fiction writer, Pramoedya Ananta Toer.

On 21 March 2007, Equinox Publishing released a series of out-of-print books using print on demand technology. Two of these titles were related to the rise of the Communist movement in Indonesia, and were blocked by Indonesia's Department of Customs and Excise. However, during the launch, Indonesian Attorney General Abdul Rahman Saleh gave the publisher verbal permission for the books to be distributed in Indonesia.


title: Equinox Group

abstract: Equinox Holdings, Inc. is an American luxury fitness company and health club headquartered in New York City, New York. The company operates more than 300 club facilities in major cities in the United States, as well as in London, Toronto, and Vancouver in Canada. Equinox Group also has a digital platform, the Equinox+ App, that provides access to digital classes. Equinox is owned by a group of investors including Harvey Spevak, executive chairman and managing partner, as well as principals of The Related Companies. It operates several lifestyle brands: Equinox, Equinox Hotels, Precision Run, Project by Equinox, Equinox Explore, Equinox Media, Furthermore, Pure Yoga, Blink Fitness, and SoulCycle.

text:
# Equinox Group

**Equinox Holdings, Inc.** is an American luxury fitness company and health club headquartered in New York City, New York. The company operates more than 300 club facilities in major cities in the United States, as well as in London, Toronto, and Vancouver in Canada.

Equinox Group also has a digital platform, the Equinox+ App, that provides access to digital classes. Equinox is owned by a group of investors including Harvey Spevak, executive chairman and managing partner, as well as principals of The Related Companies. It operates several lifestyle brands: Equinox, Equinox Hotels, Precision Run, Project by Equinox, Equinox Explore, Equinox Media, Furthermore, Pure Yoga, Blink Fitness, and SoulCycle.

## History

The first Equinox location opened on September 23, 1991 in Manhattan's Upper West Side. It was started by the Errico family—Danny, Vito and Lavinia Errico. In 2000, Spevak led a management buyout of Equinox to two private equity firms, North Castle Partners and J.W. Childs. In 2006, he partnered with Related Chairman principals to acquire a controlling interest in Equinox and secured a significant minority investment from private equity firm L Catterton in 2017.

In 2008, Equinox brought Pure Yoga to the United States from Hong Kong. In 2011, Equinox launched Blink, a separate fitness company, and acquired SoulCycle. In July 2019, Equinox launched Equinox Hotels in Hudson Yards, Manhattan. In January 2023, Equinox banned gym memberships submitted on New Year's Day, to both praise and criticism. The company said the purpose of the ban was to "snub short-term resolutions".

### Employment practices

A 2019 article in *The New York Times* reported that trainers often worked long hours, sometimes as many as 80 a week, forcing some to sleep in employee locker rooms or their cars between shifts. Former and current trainers also described intense pressure from the company to recruit and retain clients drawn from the club's members.

The company settled out of court two lawsuits in California in 2013, both related to unpaid overtime for trainers.

### Fundraising boycott

Businesses owned by and affiliated with Equinox, primarily Equinox gyms and SoulCycle, faced prominent calls for a boycott and protests. The boycott was first prompted by a widely publicized fundraiser for then-president Donald Trump by Stephen Ross, the founder and principal owner of The Related Companies. Equinox and SoulCycle responded to the boycott and protests by stating it did not endorse the fundraiser and argued Ross was a "passive investor."

On August 12, 2024, Blink Fitness filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, blaming slow sales caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and increased rising costs as part of the decision. The company plans to shutter some its locations and plans to sell itself.

## InfoBox

Equinox Holdings, Inc.
|
|  |
| Company type | Subsidiary |
| Industry | Fitness |
| Founded | September 23, 1991 (1991-09-23) |
| Founders | Danny, Vito and Lavinia Errico |
| Headquarters | New York City, New York, United States |
| Key people | Harvey Spevak (chairman) Marc Mastronardi(president) |
| Services | Health club |
| Revenue | US$7.3 billion (2023) |
| Owner | The Related Companies |
| Number of employees | 10,000+ (2023) |
| Subsidiaries | Equinox
SoulCycle
PURE Yoga
Blink Fitness
Precision Run
Equinox Hotels
PROJECT by Equinox
Equinox Explore
Equinox Media |
| Website | www.equinox.com |


title: Conus taeniatus

abstract: Conus taeniatus, common name the ringed cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. Like all species within the genus Conus, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at all.

text:
# Conus taeniatus

***Conus taeniatus***, common name the **ringed cone**, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

Like all species within the genus *Conus*, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at all.

## Description

The size of the shell varies between 15 mm and 50 mm. The shell is indistinctly zoned alternately with pale violaceous and white, vividly encircled with fillets of dark chocolate and white articulations. The spire is obsoletely coronated.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Red Sea, the Strait of Hormuz and off Kenya.

* The *Conus* Biodiversity website
* Cone Shells – Knights of the Sea
* "*Miliariconus taeniatus*". *Gastropods.com*. Retrieved 16 January 2019.

## InfoBox

| *Conus taeniatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Apertural and abapertural views of shell of *Conus taeniatus* Hwass in Bruguière, J.G., 1792 | |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Conidae |
| Genus: | *Conus* |
| Species: | ***C. taeniatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Conus taeniatus***
Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Conus (Virroconus) taeniatus* Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 · accepted, alternate representation * *Conus africanus* "Meuschen, F.C." Dillwyn, L.W., 1817 * *Conus fernambucinus* Röding, P.F., 1798 * *Cucullus fernambucinus* Röding, 1798 * *Conus genuinus* Röding, P.F., 1798 * *Cucullus genuinus* Röding, 1798 * *Miliariconus taeniatus* (Hwass in Bruguière, 1792) | |


title: Saint Martin, Guernsey

abstract: Saint Martin is a parish in Guernsey, The Channel Islands. The islands lie in the English Channel between Great Britain and France. The postal code for street addresses in this parish begins with GY4. The old Guernésiais nickname for people from Saint Martin is dravans. In 1883, Pierre-Auguste Renoir spent the summer in Guernsey, with a varied landscape of beaches, cliffs and bays, where he created fifteen paintings in little over a month. Most of these feature Moulin Huet, a bay in Saint Martin. These paintings were the subject of a set of commemorative postage stamps issued by the Bailiwick of Guernsey in 1983. The parish church of Saint Martin was consecrated on 4 February 1199. At the gate to the churchyard is La Gran'mère du Chimquière, a statue menhir. St. Martin Parish has entered Britain in Bloom for a number of years, winning the small town category twice, in 2006 and 2011.

text:
# Saint Martin, Guernsey

**Saint Martin** (Guernésiais and French **Saint Martin**; historically **Saint-Martin-de-la-Bellouse**) is a parish in Guernsey, The Channel Islands. The islands lie in the English Channel between Great Britain and France.

The postal code for street addresses in this parish begins with GY4.

The old Guernésiais nickname for people from Saint Martin is *dravans*.

In 1883, Pierre-Auguste Renoir spent the summer in Guernsey, with a varied landscape of beaches, cliffs and bays, where he created fifteen paintings in little over a month. Most of these feature *Moulin Huet*, a bay in Saint Martin. These paintings were the subject of a set of commemorative postage stamps issued by the Bailiwick of Guernsey in 1983.

The parish church of Saint Martin was consecrated on 4 February 1199. At the gate to the churchyard is La Gran'mère du Chimquière, a statue menhir.

St. Martin Parish has entered Britain in Bloom for a number of years, winning the small town category twice, in 2006 and 2011.

## Geography

Saint Martin is located in the southeast of Guernsey. The parish borders the Forest on the southwest, Saint Andrew northwest, and Saint Peter Port on the northeast. Saint Martin also has a very small detachment to the west. The detachment is an exclave which is not contiguous with the rest of the parish.

The parish itself is made up of four Cantons, these being; Canton des Hamelins, Canton de Hatenez, Canton de Bon Port and Canton de Fermain. Three Douzeniers are responsible for each Canton.

* Canton de Fermains - from the Rectory, along the main road (Rue au Pretre) and over the Camps du Moulin to the top of the Rue Jacques Guille, through the Ruette Rabey and down the Water Lane to Moulin Huet bay. From here by way of the cliffs to Fermain bay, up the lane, along Ruette Saumarez and back to the Rectory, taking in Les Blanches Pierres lane.
* Canton des Hamelins - from the Rectory along La Bellieuse road to the Church, and through La Ruette du Camp to Le Carrefour au Lievre. From here, following the boundaries of St Peter Port and St Andrew to Les Naftiaux, returning by way of Le Champ Berceau, La Quevillette and the Grande Rue to the Rectory.
* Canton de Hatenez - From the Rectory along the Rue Maze (including the Rue des Caches), Les Cornus, and reaching out to the boundaries of the Canton des Hamelins on the one side, and the boundaries of St Andrew and the Forest on the other, to Petit Bot bay, returning by way of the valley road (including La Huret) to Les Pages, the Ruette Cotelle, Le Clos auBarbier, Les Cornus and the Rue Maze (including La Longue Rue and Burnt Lane) to the Rectory.
* Canton de Bon Port - from the Rectory along Rue des Coutures (including Ruette des Escaliers), Rue des Gron, La Villette to Rue Cotell, Les Croutes and to the bottom of La Falaise road. From here by way of the cliffs to Moulin Huet valley (bottom of the Water lane) returning up the valley and through the Rue Jacques Guille and the Ruette de la Vallee to the Rectory.

Saint Martin is one of the most expensive parishes in the island for property, with the average four bedroom house costing £615,000.

**Relief**: Saint Martin is the second highest parish in Guernsey, its elevation is exceeded only by the Forest. The highest areas in the parish are in the central portion, located around Carmel (approx 110m) but this gently slopes down to the boundaries, where on the coast, the parish is delineated by steep cliffs.

## Features

## Main roads

The following roads provide important links between Saint Martin and the other parishes (listed from southwest to northeast):

* Forest Road leads to the Forest and the western portion of the island,
* Les Varioufs leads to Saint Andrew's and the northwestern portion of the island,
* Fort Road leads to Saint Peter Port, the east coast, and the northern portion of the island.

The following roads are also very important, as they provide access to the village centre and most of the shops (listed from west to east):

* Rue Maze
* La Grande Rue
* Route de Saumarez

## Politics

St Martin comprises part of the South East administrative division with St Andrew.

In the 2016 Guernsey general election there was a 3,363 or 73% turnout to elect five Deputies. Those elected (in order of votes received) being *Heidi Soulsby*, *Lindsay De Sausmarez*, *Peter Roffey*, *Rob Prow* and *Victoria Oliver*.

Parish Administration

The Parish is administered by a Douzaine, made up of twelve parishioners, known as Douzeniers. Douzeniers are elected for a four-year period, three Douzeniers being elected on rotation by parishioners at a parish meeting in November each year. The senior Douzenier is known as the Doyen (Dean). Two elected Constables (Connétables) carry out the decisions of the Douzaine, serving for between one and three years. The longest serving Constable is known as the Senior Constable and his or her colleague as the Junior Constable.

The Parish also has an office situated at the Parish Hall which is open most weekday mornings and manned by the Parish clerk, who is Anita Leale and has been in post for 5 years. Details of the current Douzeniers and Constables can be found on the Parish website. The Douzaine levy an Occupiers Rate on properties to provide funding for running of the administration.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| St. Martin | |
| --- | --- |
| Parish | |
|  | |
| Location of St. Martin in Guernsey | |
| Coordinates: 49°26′13″N 2°33′25″W / 49.43694°N 2.55694°W / 49.43694; -2.55694 | |
| Crown Dependency | Guernsey, Channel Islands |
| Government | |
| Electoral district | South East |
| Area | |
| Total | 7.3 km2 (2.8 sq mi) |
| Population (2019) | |
| Total | 6,593 |
| Density | 900/km2 (2,300/sq mi) |
| Time zone | GMT |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+01 |