title: Robert M. DeHaven

abstract: Robert Marshall DeHaven was an American flying ace in the 49th Fighter Group during World War II, who was credited with 14 aerial victories. After the war, he briefly worked as an actor before becoming a personal pilot for billionaire Howard Hughes.

text:
# Robert M. DeHaven

**Robert Marshall DeHaven** (January 13, 1922 – July 10, 2008) was an American flying ace in the 49th Fighter Group during World War II, who was credited with 14 aerial victories. After the war, he briefly worked as an actor before becoming a personal pilot for billionaire Howard Hughes.

## Early life

DeHaven was born on 1922 in San Diego. He graduated from North Hollywood High School in Los Angeles, before attending Washington and Lee University in Virginia.

## Military career

On April 14, 1942, he enlisted in the Aviation Cadet Program of the U.S. Army Air Forces, and was commissioned a second lieutenant and awarded his pilot wings at Luke Field in Arizona, on January 4, 1943.

### World War II

After the completion of his training in the P-40 Warhawk training in Florida, he was assigned to the 73d Fighter Squadron of the 318th Fighter Group in Hawaii. During this time, American fighter units in the South West Pacific Area were desperately short of qualified pilots and as a result, DeHaven was assigned to the 7th Fighter Squadron of the 49th Fighter Group in May 1943. Arriving to New Guinea via Australia, he was stationed at the 49th FG's base at Dobodura Airfield in New Guinea, where he flew P-40s in combat.

On July 14, 1943, DeHaven scored his first aerial victory when he shot down an Aichi D3A "Val" dive bomber over Salamaua and on October 17, 1943, he shot down a Nakajima Ki-43 "Oscar". DeHaven shot down a Mitsubishi A6M "Zero" and a Kawasaki Ki-61 "Tony" on October 27.

He became a flying ace on December 10, after he shot down an Oscar near Alexishafen, his fifth aerial victory. Two days later, he shot down another Oscar over Alexishafen. In January 1944, he claimed his seventh and eighth aerial victories, after shooting down a Tony and Oscar. The Oscar shot down by DeHaven in January 1944, was flown by Captain Shigeo Nongo, the executive officer of 59th *Sentai*, who was killed in action. On March 15, he downed another Oscar and he scored his tenth and last aerial victory in the P-40 on May 7, making him and another flying ace of 49th FG Ernest A. Harris, the top aerial victory scorers in the P-40 Warhawk within the V Fighter Command.

In the summer of 1944, the 49th FG converted to Lockheed P-38 Lightnings and took part in the Philippines campaign. On October 29, 1944, DeHaven shot down an Oscar over Biliran Island, his first aerial victory in the P-38 and eleventh overall. He scored his final victories in November 1944, when he shot down two Zeros and one Mitsubishi J2M "Jack" during aerial patrols over Leyte. At the end of November, he was sent back to the United States for shore leave. In 1945, he returned to the 49th FG as group operations officer, serving this position till V-J Day.

During World War II, DeHaven was credited with the destruction of 14 enemy aircraft (10 in P-40 and 4 in P-38) in aerial combat, while flying 272 combat missions. He left active duty in December 1945.

## Later life

On 1946, he joined the United States Air Force Reserves and California Air National Guard, where he worked as an acceptance test pilot for the Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star. After being spotted by a Hollywood talent agent, he signed a contract with Columbia Pictures and starred in minor roles in three films from 1946 to 1947. While in Hollywood, DeHaven met billionaire and founder of Hughes Aircraft Company Howard Hughes, who offered DeHaven a job as his personal pilot and test pilot for Hughes Aircraft Company. He served as an executive and later became director of the flight test division of Hughes Aircraft Company. He retired from the Air Force Reserves on October 1, 1965. He was elected a Fellow in the Society of Experimental Test Pilots and also served as president of the American Fighter Aces Association. He completely retired in the 1980s.

On September 7, 1951, DeHaven married singer and actress Connie Haines, with whom he had a son and a daughter. Haines and DeHaven divorced on February 19, 1962. He later remarried to Diane Kwasniewicz and had another son.

DeHaven died on July 10, 2008, at a hospital in Encino after a long illness.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1946 | *Crime Doctor's Man Hunt* | Sailor | Uncredited |
| 1946 | *Gallant Journey* | Jim Logan (as a boy) |  |
| 1947 | *Blondie's Big Moment* | Pete | Uncredited |
|

## Awards and decorations

| U.S. Air Force Command Pilot Badge | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Silver Star
with bronze oak leaf cluster | Distinguished Flying Cross
with two bronze oak leaf clusters | Air Medal
with two silver and two bronze oak leaf clusters |
| Air Medal
*(second ribbon required for accoutrement spacing)* | Air Force Presidential Unit Citation
with bronze oak leaf cluster | American Campaign Medal |
| Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
with four bronze campaign stars | World War II Victory Medal | National Defense Service Medal |
| Air Force Longevity Service Award | Armed Forces Reserve Medal
with bronze hourglass device | Philippine Liberation Medal
with service star |
|

Robert M. DeHaven at IMDb

## InfoBox

| Robert Marshall DeHaven | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nickname(s) | Bob |
| Born | (1922-01-13)January 13, 1922
San Diego, California, U.S. |
| Died | July 10, 2008(2008-07-10) (aged 86)
Encino, California, U.S. |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Service/branch | United States Army Air Forces
United States Air Force Reserve
California Air National Guard |
| Years of service | 1942–1965 |
| Rank | Colonel |
| Unit | 7th Fighter Squadron, 49th Fighter Group |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards | Silver Star (2)
Distinguished Flying Cross (3)
Air Medal (14) |


title: Robert M. Cunningham

abstract: Robert M. (Bob) Cunningham was an American cloud physicist. He specialized in the study of fog, running a weather research station on Kent Island in the Bay of Fundy for over 60 years. Cunningham was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He attended Shady Hill School and the Cambridge School of Weston, where he built his first weather station. He first went to Bowdoin College's Scientific Research Station on Kent Island as a high school student in the summer of 1937. He set up a weather station and began collecting samples of fog water which were later subjected to chemical analysis. His first scientific paper on the subject was published in 1941. Cunningham attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) from 1938 to 1942 and worked on an aircraft icing research team in the university's meteorology department during World War Two. He joined MIT's Weather Radar Research project as a graduate student when it was founded in 1946. He acted as the airborne observer in a program that involved comparing radar observations with those taken from airplanes during storms. His findings helped to establish that the "bright band" observed on radar displays was an artifact of melting snowflakes. Cunningham earned a PhD from MIT in 1952 and in 1953 became head of airborne cloud physics research at the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories. After retiring in 1979 Cunningham spent several years with the World Meteorological Organization as field director of an international research project on precipitation enhancement. Throughout his career and until his death in 2008 Cunningham retained responsibility for the Kent Island weather station he had first set up in 1937. Observations were taken during the summer by staff and students of the Bowdoin College scientific station, and during the rest of the year by the station's resident warden. Cunningham contributed his analysis of decades of daily fog samples from Kent Island to research published in the 1980s on the effect of acid rain on forests. Cunningham lived in Lincoln, Massachusetts from 1948 until his death. He married Claire Steinhardt, an Austrian-born chemist and high school teacher, in 1945. They had three sons, one of whom is the photographer Peter Cunningham.

text:
# Robert M. Cunningham

**Robert M. (Bob) Cunningham** (July 1, 1919 – April 15, 2008) was an American cloud physicist. He specialized in the study of fog, running a weather research station on Kent Island in the Bay of Fundy for over 60 years.

Cunningham was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He attended Shady Hill School and the Cambridge School of Weston, where he built his first weather station. He first went to Bowdoin College's Scientific Research Station on Kent Island as a high school student in the summer of 1937. He set up a weather station and began collecting samples of fog water which were later subjected to chemical analysis. His first scientific paper on the subject was published in 1941.

Cunningham attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) from 1938 to 1942 and worked on an aircraft icing research team in the university's meteorology department during World War Two. He joined MIT's Weather Radar Research project as a graduate student when it was founded in 1946. He acted as the airborne observer in a program that involved comparing radar observations with those taken from airplanes during storms. His findings helped to establish that the "bright band" observed on radar displays was an artifact of melting snowflakes.

Cunningham earned a PhD from MIT in 1952 and in 1953 became head of airborne cloud physics research at the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories. After retiring in 1979 Cunningham spent several years with the World Meteorological Organization as field director of an international research project on precipitation enhancement.

Throughout his career and until his death in 2008 Cunningham retained responsibility for the Kent Island weather station he had first set up in 1937. Observations were taken during the summer by staff and students of the Bowdoin College scientific station, and during the rest of the year by the station's resident warden. Cunningham contributed his analysis of decades of daily fog samples from Kent Island to research published in the 1980s on the effect of acid rain on forests.

Cunningham lived in Lincoln, Massachusetts from 1948 until his death. He married Claire Steinhardt, an Austrian-born chemist and high school teacher, in 1945. They had three sons, one of whom is the photographer Peter Cunningham.


title: Bidirectional texture function

abstract: Bidirectional texture function (BTF) is a 6-dimensional function depending on planar texture coordinates (x,y) as well as on view and illumination spherical angles. In practice this function is obtained as a set of several thousand color images of material sample taken during different camera and light positions. The BTF is a representation of the appearance of texture as a function of viewing and illumination direction. It is an image-based representation, since the geometry of the surface is unknown and not measured. BTF is typically captured by imaging the surface at a sampling of the hemisphere of possible viewing and illumination directions. BTF measurements are collections of images. The term BTF was first introduced in and similar terms have since been introduced including BSSRDF and SBRDF. SBRDF has a very similar definition to BTF, i.e. BTF is also a spatially varying BRDF. To cope with a massive BTF data with high redundancy, many compression methods were proposed. Application of the BTF is in photorealistic material rendering of objects in virtual reality systems and for visual scene analysis, e.g., recognition of complex real-world materials using bidirectional feature histograms or 3D textons. Biomedical and biometric applications of the BTF include recognition of skin texture.

text:
# Bidirectional texture function

**Bidirectional texture function** (BTF) is a 6-dimensional function depending on planar texture coordinates (x,y) as well as on view and illumination spherical angles. In practice this function is obtained as a set of several thousand color images of material sample taken during different camera and light positions.

The BTF is a representation of the appearance of texture as a function of viewing and illumination direction. It is an image-based representation, since the geometry of the surface is unknown and not measured. BTF is typically captured by imaging the surface at a sampling of the hemisphere of possible viewing and illumination directions. BTF measurements are collections of images. The term BTF was first introduced in and similar terms have since been introduced including BSSRDF and SBRDF (spatial BRDF). SBRDF has a very similar definition to BTF, i.e. BTF is also a spatially varying BRDF.

To cope with a massive BTF data with high redundancy, many compression methods were proposed.

Application of the BTF is in photorealistic material rendering of objects in virtual reality systems and for visual scene analysis, e.g., recognition of complex real-world materials using bidirectional feature histograms or 3D textons.

Biomedical and biometric applications of the BTF include recognition of skin texture.


title: Bidirectional transformation

abstract: In computer programming, bidirectional transformations (bx) are programs in which a single piece of code can be run in several ways, such that the same data are sometimes considered as input, and sometimes as output. For example, a bx run in the forward direction might transform input I into output O, while the same bx run backward would take as input versions of I and O and produce a new version of I as its output. Bidirectional model transformations are an important special case in which a model is input to such a program. Some bidirectional languages are bijective. The bijectivity of a language is a severe restriction of its power, because a bijective language is merely relating two different ways to present the very same information. More general is a lens language, in which there is a distinguished forward direction ("get") that takes a concrete input to an abstract output, discarding some information in the process: the concrete state includes all the information that is in the abstract state, and usually some more. The backward direction ("put") takes a concrete state and an abstract state and computes a new concrete state. Lenses are required to obey certain conditions to ensure sensible behaviour. The most general case is that of symmetric bidirectional transformations. Here the two states that are related typically share some information, but each also includes some information that is not included in the other.

text:
# Bidirectional transformation

In computer programming, **bidirectional transformations (bx)** are programs in which a single piece of code can be run in several ways, such that the same data are sometimes considered as input, and sometimes as output. For example, a bx run in the forward direction might transform input I into output O, while the same bx run backward would take as input versions of I and O and produce a new version of I as its output.

Bidirectional model transformations are an important special case in which a model is input to such a program.

Some bidirectional languages are *bijective*. The bijectivity of a language is a severe restriction of its power, because a bijective language is merely relating two different ways to present the very same information.

More general is a lens language, in which there is a distinguished forward direction ("get") that takes a concrete input to an abstract output, discarding some information in the process: the concrete state includes all the information that is in the abstract state, and usually some more. The backward direction ("put") takes a concrete state and an abstract state and computes a new concrete state. Lenses are required to obey certain conditions to ensure sensible behaviour.

The most general case is that of symmetric bidirectional transformations. Here the two states that are related typically share some information, but each also includes some information that is not included in the other.

## Usage

Bidirectional transformations can be used to:

* Maintain the consistency of several sources of information
* Provide an 'abstract view' to easily manipulate data and write them back to their source

## Definition

Bidirectional transformations fall into various well-studied categories.

A ***lens*** is a pair of functions $get:S\rightarrow V$, $put:S,V\rightarrow S$ relating a *source* $S$ and a *view* $V$. If these functions obey the three lens laws:

* **PutGet**: $\forall s,v.get(put(s,v))=v$
* **GetPut**: $\forall s.put(s,get(s))=s$
* **PutPut**: $\forall s,v,v'.put(put(s,v),v')=put(s,v')$

It is called a *well-behaved lens*.

A related notion is that of a **prism**, in which the signatures of the functions are instead $get:S\rightarrow V+1$, $put:V\rightarrow S$. Unlike a lens, a prism may not always give a view; also unlike a lens, given a prism, a view is *sufficient* to construct a source. If lenses allow "focusing" (viewing, updating) on a part of a product type, prisms allow focusing (possible viewing, building) on a part of a sum type.

Both lenses and prisms, as well as other constructions such as **traversals**, are more general notion of bidirectional transformations known as **optics**.

## Examples of implementations

* Boomerang is a programming language that allows writing lenses to process text data formats bidirectionally
* Augeas is a configuration management library whose lens language is inspired by the Boomerang project
* *biXid* is a programming language for processing XML data bidirectionally
* *XSugar* allows translation from XML to non-XML formats


abstract: Between the Earth and the Stars is the debut album of American country music singer Jeff Wood. It was released on February 11, 1997, through Imprint Records. The album includes the singles "You Just Get One", "Use Mine" and "You Call That a Mountain".

text:
# Between the Earth and the Stars (Jeff Wood album)

***Between the Earth and the Stars*** is the debut album of American country music singer Jeff Wood. It was released on February 11, 1997, through Imprint Records. The album includes the singles "You Just Get One", "Use Mine" and "You Call That a Mountain".

## Content

"You Just Get One" was originally recorded by Ty Herndon on his 1995 debut *What Mattered Most*, and B. J. Thomas later released his version of "You Call That a Mountain" in 2000 from his album of the same name. Billy Hoffman also recorded the song on his 2000 album *All I Wanted Was You*. Bonnie Tyler covered the title track on her 2019 album of the same name.

## Critical reception

Jeffrey B. Remz of *Country Standard Time* described the album as "pleasant enough sounding" and "usually maintain\[ing\] country sensibilities" although Remz said that it "produce\[d\] no surprises". Allmusic critic Jack Leaver, who gave the album two-and-a-half stars out of five, called it "a mostly mellow set\[…\]that should appeal to the fans of the Dave Loggins-meets-John Berry school of country pop." The San Antonio *Express-News* called it an "impressive debut".

## Track listing

1. "You Call That a Mountain" (Michael Garvin, Bucky Jones) - 3:26
2. "Too Late to Turn It Around" (Jeff Wood, John Scott Sherrill, Simon Wilson) - 3:52
3. "There's No Place Like You" (Wood, Vernon Rust) - 4:11
4. "Long Way from OK" (Wood, Gary Burr, Pat McDonald) - 3:32
5. "Time to Move On" (Monty Powell, Eric Silver) - 3:28
6. "You Just Get One" (Don Schlitz, Vince Gill) - 2:58
7. "Sure Thing" (Wood, Verlon Thompson) - 3:00
8. "I Want It All" (Wood, John Tirro) - 3:19
9. "Use Mine" (Lisa Drew, Steve Seskin) - 4:07
10. "Between the Earth and the Stars" (Richard Wold, John David) - 4:19

## Personnel

As listed in liner notes.

## InfoBox

| Between the Earth and the Stars | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Jeff Wood | |
| Released | February 11, 1997 (1997-02-11) |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 36:12 |
| Label | Imprint |
| Producer | Mark Bright
Kevin Beamish |
| Jeff Wood chronology | |
| ***Between the Earth and the Stars***
(1997) *Raw Wood*
(2008) | |


title: Robert H. Miller (judge)

abstract: Robert Haskins Miller was the Chief Justice of the Kansas Supreme Court from 1988 to 1990. Born in Columbus, Ohio, Miller received his bachelor's degree from the University of Kansas and received his law degree from University of Kansas School of Law. After serving in the military during World War II, Miller served as Kansas county attorney and later was a Kansas district court judge and United States magistrate judge. In 1975, he was appointed to the Kansas Supreme Court, where he became chief justice. He died in Topeka, Kansas.

text:
# Robert H. Miller (judge)

**Robert Haskins Miller** (March 3, 1919 – September 10, 2009) was the Chief Justice of the Kansas Supreme Court from 1988 to 1990.

Born in Columbus, Ohio, Miller received his bachelor's degree from the University of Kansas and received his law degree from University of Kansas School of Law. After serving in the military during World War II, Miller served as Kansas county attorney and later was a Kansas district court judge and United States magistrate judge. In 1975, he was appointed to the Kansas Supreme Court, where he became chief justice. He died in Topeka, Kansas.

## InfoBox

| Robert H. Miller | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Kansas Supreme Court Justice | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1919-03-03)March 3, 1919
Columbus, Ohio |
| Died | September 10, 2009(2009-09-10) (aged 90)
Topeka, Kansas |
|  | |


title: Robert H. Meyer Memorial State Beach

abstract: Robert H. Meyer Memorial State Beach is a state beach of California, located in northern Malibu, Southern California. The park is part of the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area.

text:
# Robert H. Meyer Memorial State Beach

**Robert H. Meyer Memorial State Beach** is a state beach of California, located in northern Malibu, Southern California.
The park is part of the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area.

## Features

The park is made up of three small separate and distinct beach areas:

* El Pescador Beach
* La Piedra Beach
* El Matador Beach

Parking is atop the bluffs for each, with public access down to the coves and their beaches.

## InfoBox

| Robert H. Meyer Memorial State Beach | |
| --- | --- |
| Sunset at El Matador Beach, in Robert H. Meyer Memorial State Beach Park, Malibu. | |
|  | |
| Location | Malibu |
| Coordinates | 34°02′19″N 118°52′30″W / 34.03861°N 118.87500°W / 34.03861; -118.87500 |
| Governing body | California Department of Parks and Recreation |


title: Beulah, Michigan

abstract: Beulah is a village in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the county seat of Benzie County, and is located within Benzonia Township. The village had a population of 313 at the 2020 census. The village sits at the southeast end of Crystal Lake, and is immediately north of the village of Benzonia.

text:
# Beulah, Michigan

**Beulah** (/ˈbjlə/ *BEW-lə*) is a village in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the county seat of Benzie County, and is located within Benzonia Township. The village had a population of 313 at the 2020 census. The village sits at the southeast end of Crystal Lake, and is immediately north of the village of Benzonia.

## History

Beulah was founded in 1880 by Charles E. Bailey. Its name derives from Isaiah 62:4. The Beulah post office was established in 1892.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.43 square miles (1.11 km2), all land.

## Climate

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Beulah has a warm-summer humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Beulah was 95 °F (35.0 °C) on August 1, 2006, and July 3, 2012, while the coldest temperature recorded was −10 °F (−23.3 °C) on March 1516, 2014, March 20, 2015, and February 3, 2015.

| Climate data for Beulah, Michigan, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 2000–present | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 59
(15) | 63
(17) | 84
(29) | 83
(28) | 94
(34) | 94
(34) | 95
(35) | 95
(35) | 91
(33) | 86
(30) | 75
(24) | 63
(17) | 95
(35) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 46.7
(8.2) | 47.4
(8.6) | 60.9
(16.1) | 75.3
(24.1) | 85.7
(29.8) | 88.2
(31.2) | 90.3
(32.4) | 88.5
(31.4) | 86.9
(30.5) | 76.1
(24.5) | 63.3
(17.4) | 51.2
(10.7) | 91.8
(33.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 29.3
(−1.5) | 31.4
(−0.3) | 41.5
(5.3) | 53.6
(12.0) | 66.4
(19.1) | 75.6
(24.2) | 79.5
(26.4) | 78.1
(25.6) | 71.4
(21.9) | 58.1
(14.5) | 44.7
(7.1) | 34.0
(1.1) | 55.3
(12.9) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 23.2
(−4.9) | 24.3
(−4.3) | 32.4
(0.2) | 43.5
(6.4) | 55.3
(12.9) | 64.6
(18.1) | 69.2
(20.7) | 68.0
(20.0) | 61.5
(16.4) | 49.7
(9.8) | 38.2
(3.4) | 28.4
(−2.0) | 46.5
(8.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 17.0
(−8.3) | 17.3
(−8.2) | 23.3
(−4.8) | 33.3
(0.7) | 44.3
(6.8) | 53.6
(12.0) | 58.8
(14.9) | 57.9
(14.4) | 51.6
(10.9) | 41.3
(5.2) | 31.7
(−0.2) | 22.9
(−5.1) | 37.7
(3.2) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 1.8
(−16.8) | 2.0
(−16.7) | 6.5
(−14.2) | 21.0
(−6.1) | 29.9
(−1.2) | 40.4
(4.7) | 48.2
(9.0) | 47.1
(8.4) | 40.5
(4.7) | 29.1
(−1.6) | 18.7
(−7.4) | 10.7
(−11.8) | −1.3
(−18.5) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −9
(−23) | −10
(−23) | −10
(−23) | 10
(−12) | 25
(−4) | 34
(1) | 42
(6) | 40
(4) | 30
(−1) | 24
(−4) | 11
(−12) | 0
(−18) | −10
(−23) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.47
(63) | 1.75
(44) | 2.14
(54) | 3.47
(88) | 3.16
(80) | 3.26
(83) | 2.98
(76) | 3.43
(87) | 3.50
(89) | 4.55
(116) | 3.09
(78) | 2.36
(60) | 36.16
(918) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 26.8
(68) | 20.2
(51) | 11.2
(28) | 3.5
(8.9) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.1
(0.25) | 7.7
(20) | 22.9
(58) | 92.4
(234.15) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 18.6 | 14.1 | 11.2 | 12.3 | 13.4 | 10.9 | 10.7 | 10.0 | 11.6 | 16.3 | 14.9 | 16.9 | 160.9 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 17.4 | 14.5 | 7.8 | 3.3 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 5.3 | 14.0 | 62.7 |
| Source 1: NOAA | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Source 2: National Weather Service (mean maxima/minima 20062020) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Major highway

* US 31 runs north–south through the village.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1940 | 378 |  |  |
| 1950 | 458 |  | 21.2% |
| 1960 | 436 |  | −4.8% |
| 1970 | 461 |  | 5.7% |
| 1980 | 454 |  | −1.5% |
| 1990 | 421 |  | −7.3% |
| 2000 | 363 |  | −13.8% |
| 2010 | 342 |  | −5.8% |
| 2020 | 313 |  | −8.5% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

### 2020 census

As of the census of 2020, there were 313 people living in Beulah.

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 342 people, 161 households, and 81 families living in the village. The population density was 795.3 inhabitants per square mile (307.1/km2). There were 375 housing units at an average density of 872.1 per square mile (336.7/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 98.0% White, 0.3% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.6% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.3% of the population.

There were 161 households, of which 12.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.0% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 0.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 49.7% were non-families. 43.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.81 and the average family size was 2.44.

The median age in the village was 52.7 years. 10.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.6% were from 25 to 44; 37.2% were from 45 to 64; and 24.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 51.5% male and 48.5% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 341 people, 190 households, and 102 families living in the village. The population density was 798.2 inhabitants per square mile (308.2/km2). There were 359 housing units at an average density of 789.4 per square mile (304.8/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 98.35% White, 0.83% Native American, 0.55% from other races, and 0.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.65% of the population.

There were 190 households, out of which 17.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.9% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.3% were non-families. 39.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.91 and the average family size was 2.49.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 14.3% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 27.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.9 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $31,250, and the median income for a family was $43,750. Males had a median income of $26,458 versus $22,396 for females. The per capita income for the village was $22,389. About 12.4% of families and 17.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.3% of those under age 18 and 15.5% of those age 65 or over.

## InfoBox

| Beulah, Michigan | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Old Benzie County Courthouse | |
| Location within Benzie County | |
| BeulahLocation within the state of Michigan | |
| Coordinates: 44°37′46″N 86°05′45″W / 44.62944°N 86.09583°W / 44.62944; -86.09583 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Michigan |
| County | Benzie |
| Township | Benzonia |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.41 sq mi (1.08 km2) |
| Land | 0.41 sq mi (1.07 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 607 ft (185 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 313 |
| Density | 756.04/sq mi (291.91/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code(s) | 49617 |
| Area code | 231 |
| FIPS code | 26-08100 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2398114 |


title: Beulah, Maryland

abstract: Beulah is an unincorporated community in Dorchester County, Maryland, United States. Beulah is located on Maryland Route 16, 7 miles (11 km) west of Federalsburg.

text:
# Beulah, Maryland

**Beulah** is an unincorporated community in Dorchester County, Maryland, United States. Beulah is located on Maryland Route 16, 7 miles (11 km) west of Federalsburg.

## InfoBox

| Beulah, Maryland | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Beluah | |
| Coordinates: 38°40′40″N 75°53′57″W / 38.67778°N 75.89917°W / 38.67778; -75.89917 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Maryland |
| County | Dorchester |
| Elevation | 9 m (30 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Area codes | 410 & 443 |
| GNIS feature ID | 589750 |


title: Thyranthrene pyrophora

abstract: Thyranthrene pyrophora is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is known from South Africa.

text:
# Thyranthrene pyrophora

***Thyranthrene pyrophora*** is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is known from South Africa.

## InfoBox

| *Thyranthrene pyrophora* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Sesiidae |
| Genus: | *Thyranthrene* |
| Species: | ***T. pyrophora*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Thyranthrene pyrophora***<br>(Hampson, 1919) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Homogyna pyrophora* Hampson, 1919 | |


title: Cirripectes randalli

abstract: Cirripectes randalli is a species of combtooth blenny found in the western Indian Ocean. This species reaches a length of 10.7 centimetres (4.2 in) SL. The specific name honours the American ichthyologist John E. Randall of the Bishop Museum in Honolulu.

text:
# Cirripectes randalli

***Cirripectes randalli*** is a species of combtooth blenny found in the western Indian Ocean. This species reaches a length of 10.7 centimetres (4.2 in) SL. The specific name honours the American ichthyologist John E. Randall of the Bishop Museum in Honolulu.

## InfoBox

| *Cirripectes randalli* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Blenniiformes |
| Family: | Blenniidae |
| Genus: | *Cirripectes* |
| Species: | ***C. randalli*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cirripectes randalli***
J. T. Williams, 1988 | |
|


title: Blaesia

abstract: Blaesia is a genus of beetle of the subfamily Cetoniinae in the family Scarabaeidae. Its two species are found in southern South America. It is one of two genera in the subtribe Blaesiina.

text:
# Blaesia

***Blaesia*** is a genus of beetle of the subfamily Cetoniinae in the family Scarabaeidae. Its two species are found in southern South America. It is one of two genera in the subtribe Blaesiina.

## InfoBox

| *Blaesia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Blaesia atra* from Uruguay | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Scarabaeidae |
| Subfamily: | Cetoniinae |
| Tribe: | Gymnetini |
| Subtribe: | Blaesiina |
| Genus: | *Blaesia*<br>Burmeister, 1842 |
|
| Species | |
|  | |


title: Benton, Newfoundland and Labrador

abstract: Benton is a local service district and designated place in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.

text:
# Benton, Newfoundland and Labrador

Bentonclass=notpageimage|Location of Benton in Newfoundland and Labrador

**Benton** is a local service district and designated place in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.

## History

When the railway was constructed in the late 1800s, Benton became a sawmill town. The railroad also made it possible for a handful of mines and quarries (though less well known) able to operate in Central Newfoundland. This included a granite quarry at Benton called Hall's Quarry.

The Newfoundland Railway was constructed between 1881 and 1897. The track arrived in Benton at the end of the 1892 construction season. The first inhabitants of Benton were Railway Section crews. Closely followed by shop keepers, quarry men, loggers and sawmill operators. Issac Penney arrived in Benton in the 1920s and was a section foreman for the railway. Jim Wicks brought his family to Benton in 1939 and was a cook in the logging camps and later ran a general store. 1979 Theodore Keats and his Son Allan started working as prospectors traveling all over Newfoundland and Labrador in search of the Theodore's Grandfather "Soulis Joe's" lost silver mine. in the years to follow. many of the Keats' family joined the prospecting field Brothers,Brother in laws, sons, nephews and grandsons. This field has been a great success especially for Allan and his son Kevin? Also for Stephen and Mick Stares (Allan's nephews). In 2007 Four generations of Keats Stares family won a prestigious award the PDAC Convention "Bill Dennis Prospectors of the Year Award!" November 3 2023 Allan Keats received honorary membership to the Canadian Institute of Mining. The mining industry continues to be a huge success because of the prospectors of this little community of Benton!

## Geography

Benton is in Newfoundland within Subdivision E of Division No. 6.

## Demographics

As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Benton recorded a population of 154 living in 69 of its 83 total private dwellings, a change of -9.9% from its 2011 population of 171. With a land area of 4.71 km2 (1.82 sq mi), it had a population density of 32.7/km2 (84.7/sq mi) in 2016.

## Government

Benton is a local service district (LSD) that is governed by a committee responsible for the provision of certain services to the community. The chair of the LSD committee is Terry Hynes.

48°53′56″N 54°24′47″W / 48.899°N 54.413°W / 48.899; -54.413


title: Eliakim Littell

abstract: Eliakim Littell was an American editor and publisher, the founder of a long-lived periodical named Littell's Living Age (1844-1941).

text:
# Eliakim Littell

**Eliakim Littell** (2 January 1797 – 17 May 1870) was an American editor and publisher, the founder of a long-lived periodical named *Littell's Living Age* (1844-1941).

## Biography

Littell was born in Burlington, New Jersey. He moved to Philadelphia in 1819, and established a weekly literary paper entitled the *National Recorder*, whose name he changed in 1821 to the *Saturday Magazine*. In July 1822, he again changed it to a monthly called the *Museum of Foreign Literature and Science*, which was edited during the first year by Robert Walsh, and subsequently by himself and his brother Squier (born in Burlington, New Jersey, 9 December 1803; died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 4 July 1886). After conducting this with great success for nearly 22 years, he moved to Boston, Massachusetts.

In Boston in April 1844, he began *Littell's Living Age*, a weekly literary periodical, published from an office at the corner of Bromfield and Tremont Streets. In 1855 he began the publication in Boston of the *Panorama of Life and Literature*, a monthly. Littell was the author of the “Compromise Tariff” which was advocated by Henry Clay and carried through the U.S. Congress during the administration of President Jackson. He died in Brookline, Massachusetts.

## Family

His brother Squier Littell was a physician who eventually became surgeon to the Wills Ophthalmic Hospital of Philadelphia 1834–1864. His brother John Stockton Littell (born in Burlington, New Jersey, in 1806; died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 11 July 1875) was an author who published a sketch of the *Life, Character, and Services of Henry Clay* and other pieces. Eliakim Littell's grandfather of the same name was a captain in the American Revolution, and did good service in the defence of Springfield, New Jersey, 4 June 1780. The brothers' cousin William Littell (born in New Jersey about 1780; died in Frankfort, Kentucky, in 1825) was a lawyer, a member of the Kentucky bar, who for many years reported the decisions of the court of appeals of Kentucky. In addition to his legal publications, he wrote *Festoons of Fancy in Essays, Humorous, Sentimental, and Political, in Prose and Verse*.

## Works

* The Museum of Foreign Literature and Science. v.1 (1822).
* Eclectic museum of foreign literature, science and art. v.2 (1843).
* Living Age. v.60 (1859); v.99 (1868). Full run available online from Library of Congress, v.1-59, 61-227 (1844-1900)

## Images


title: Bofu

abstract: Bofu, sometimes referred to as Bopan (伯盘), was the son of Chinese Zhou dynasty monarch King You of Zhou and his concubine Bao Si. After Baosi entered the royal palace, King You deposed Queen Shen (申后) and her son Crown Prince Yijiu, replacing them with Baosi and Bofu. King You and Bofu were both killed in 771 BCE by Quanrong nomads at Mount Li near Xi'an in present-day Shaanxi. Another source says that Bofu lived and contended for the throne with Queen Shen's son, King Ping of Zhou.

text:
# Bofu

**Bofu** (779 BCE – 771 BCE) (Chinese: ), sometimes referred to as **Bopan** (伯盘), was the son of Chinese Zhou dynasty monarch King You of Zhou and his concubine Bao Si. After Baosi entered the royal palace, King You deposed Queen Shen (申后) and her son Crown Prince Yijiu, replacing them with Baosi and Bofu. King You and Bofu were both  killed in 771 BCE by Quanrong nomads at Mount Li near Xi'an in present-day Shaanxi. Another source says that Bofu lived and contended for the throne with Queen Shen's son, King Ping of Zhou.

* *Revised Chinese Dictionary*, Ministry of Education, Taiwan


title: Cobham, Albemarle County, Virginia

abstract: Cobham is an unincorporated community in Albemarle County, Virginia. It was named after Cobham, Surrey in England. Cobham Park Estate was listed the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

text:
# Cobham, Albemarle County, Virginia

**Cobham** is an unincorporated community in Albemarle County, Virginia. It was named after Cobham, Surrey in England.

Cobham Park Estate was listed the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

## InfoBox

| Cobham | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| CobhamLocation within the state of VirginiaCobhamCobham (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 38°03′46″N 78°16′05″W / 38.06278°N 78.26806°W / 38.06278; -78.26806 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Virginia |
| County | Albemarle |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| ZIP codes | 22947 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1495406 |


title: Colchicum pusillum

abstract: Colchicum pusillum is a species of perennial flowering plant in the family Colchicaceae that is easily identified by its up to 6 narrow leaves produced during or shortly after flowering. The flowers are star shaped and pale pink in colour. Its native region is Crete, Greece and Cyprus.

text:
# Colchicum pusillum

***Colchicum pusillum*** is a species of perennial flowering plant in the family Colchicaceae that is easily identified by its up to 6 narrow (2mm or 1/16") leaves produced during or shortly after flowering. The flowers are star shaped and pale pink in colour. Its native region is Crete, Greece and Cyprus.

## InfoBox

| *Colchicum pusillum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Liliales |
| Family: | Colchicaceae |
| Genus: | *Colchicum* |
| Species: | ***C. pusillum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Colchicum pusillum***<br>Sieber | |
|


title: Colchicum ritchii

abstract: Colchicum ritchii, or the Egyptian autumn crocus, is a plant species native to the southeastern Mediterranean east to the Arabian Peninsula.

text:
# Colchicum ritchii

***Colchicum ritchii***, or the **Egyptian autumn crocus**, is a plant species native to the southeastern Mediterranean east to the Arabian Peninsula.

## Description

*Colchicum ritchii* grows from a corm which is oval measuring 2-3.5 cm across, and covered with a loose brown skin. The leaves, which emerge and develop at the same time as the flowers, are largely hairless and elongate after flowering to form a cone which protects the developing fruits. The flowers which appear in December, January and February are white or pink, with plants with either colour frequently growing alongside each other. Each plant produces 2-10 flowers, which each have 6 tepals, 6 anthers and 3 styles. The inner tepals are ridged with just one, or at most very few teeth at the base, near the base of the anther. The anthers are black, but get covered by yellow pollen. The fruit is a green, irregularly shaped capsule, up to 35 mm long and 15 mm across which contains round, globular seeds.

## Habitat

*Colchicum ritchii* is a plant of sand and loess soils in desert and shrub-steppes .

## Distribution

*Colchicum ritchii* is found from Tunisia in the west to Jordan and Saudi Arabia.

## Uses

Extracts from *Colchicum ritchii* are used in traditional medicine to treat arthritis, rheumatism, gout and abdominal colics. Bedouin children dig up the corms from the desert to sell them after drying them to herbalists in Alexandria and other Egyptian cities. The anti-inflammatory drug colchicine was originally extracted from closely related species to this plant in ancient Egypt.

## Etymology

*Colchicum ritchii* was named by Robert Brown after Joseph Ritchie who he said was the first to observe the plant near Tripoli.

## InfoBox

| *Colchicum ritchii* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Liliales |
| Family: | Colchicaceae |
| Genus: | *Colchicum* |
| Species: | ***C. ritchii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Colchicum ritchii***<br>R.Br. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Colchicum aegyptiacum* Boiss. * *Colchicum ritchii* var. *pusillum* Bég. & A.Vacc. * *Colchicum stenopetalum* Boiss. & Buhse ex Stef. * *Colchicum ritchii* f. *pusillum* (Bég. & A.Vacc.) Maire | |


title: Colchicum boissieri

abstract: Colchicum boisseri is a plant species in the genus Colchicum native to southern Greece and south-western Turkey but cultivated elsewhere as an ornamental. The species is unique for its spreading, rhizomatous bulbs. It blooms well with 5 cm (2") blooms in a bright cherry pink. The stamens are yellow. The flowers have no tessellations, only a white line down the centre of each petal. It is named after botanist Pierre Edmond Boissier.

text:
# Colchicum boissieri

***Colchicum boisseri*** is a plant species in the genus *Colchicum* (the autumn crocuses) native to southern Greece and south-western Turkey but cultivated elsewhere as an ornamental. The species is unique for its spreading, rhizomatous bulbs. It blooms well with 5 cm (2") blooms in a bright cherry pink. The stamens are yellow. The flowers have no tessellations, only a white line down the centre of each petal. It is named after botanist Pierre Edmond Boissier.

## InfoBox

| *Colchicum boissieri* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Liliales |
| Family: | Colchicaceae |
| Genus: | *Colchicum* |
| Species: | ***C. boissieri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Colchicum boissieri***<br>Orph. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Colchicum pinatziorum* Rech.f. * *Colchicum procurrens* Baker | |


title: Coccothrinax clarensis

abstract: Coccothrinax clarensis is a palm which is endemic to central and eastern Cuba. Its name suggests that it has small coconut-like fruit while clarensis comes from Santa Clara valley in Cuba where the species are found. Two subspecies are recognised: Coccothrinax clarensis subsp. brevifolia (León) Borhidi & O.Muñiz and Coccothrinax clarensis subsp. clarensis Henderson and colleagues (1995) considered C. clarensis subsp. clarensis to be a synonym of Coccothrinax gundlachii and C. clarensis subsp. brevifolia to be a synonym of Coccothrinax pauciramosa.

text:
# Coccothrinax clarensis

***Coccothrinax clarensis*** is a palm which is endemic to central and eastern Cuba. Its name suggests that it has small coconut-like fruit (Greek coccos:berry and thrinax:trident or winnowing fork) while clarensis comes from Santa Clara valley in Cuba where the species are found.

Two subspecies are recognised: *Coccothrinax clarensis* subsp. *brevifolia* (León) Borhidi & O.Muñiz and *Coccothrinax clarensis* subsp. *clarensis*

Henderson and colleagues (1995) considered *C. clarensis* subsp. *clarensis* to be a synonym of *Coccothrinax gundlachii* and *C. clarensis* subsp. *brevifolia* to be a synonym of *Coccothrinax pauciramosa*.

## InfoBox

| *Coccothrinax clarensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Arecales |
| Family: | Arecaceae |
| Genus: | *Coccothrinax* |
| Species: | ***C. clarensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Coccothrinax clarensis***<br>León | |
|


title: Stenoma pyrrhias

abstract: Stenoma pyrrhias is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in Guyana. The wingspan is 18–22 mm. The forewings are violet-ochreous brown with the costal edge yellow ochreous. The plical and second discal stigmata are rather dark violet fuscous, cloudy and obscure. The hindwings are dull fulvous.

text:
# Stenoma pyrrhias

***Stenoma pyrrhias*** is a moth of the family Depressariidae. It is found in Guyana.

The wingspan is 18–22 mm. The forewings are violet-ochreous brown with the costal edge yellow ochreous. The plical and second discal stigmata are rather dark violet fuscous, cloudy and obscure. The hindwings are dull fulvous.

## InfoBox

| *Stenoma pyrrhias* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Depressariidae |
| Genus: | *Stenoma* |
| Species: | ***S. pyrrhias*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Stenoma pyrrhias***<br>Meyrick, 1915 | |
|


title: Stenoma pustulatella

abstract: Stenoma pustulatella is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1864. It is found in Brazil. Adults are silvery white, the forewings rounded at the tips, with ten cinereous elongated dots, which are positioned between the base and two-thirds of the length. The exterior border is convex, but not oblique. The hindwings have a slight aeneous tinge.

text:
# Stenoma pustulatella

***Stenoma pustulatella*** is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1864. It is found in Brazil.

Adults are silvery white, the forewings rounded at the tips, with ten cinereous elongated dots, which are positioned between the base and two-thirds of the length. The exterior border is convex, but not oblique. The hindwings have a slight aeneous tinge.

## InfoBox

| *Stenoma pustulatella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Depressariidae |
| Genus: | *Stenoma* |
| Species: | ***S. pustulatella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Stenoma pustulatella***<br>(Walker, 1864) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cryptolechia pustulatella* Walker, 1864 | |


title: Colby High School (Wisconsin)

abstract: Colby High School is a public secondary school located in Colby, Wisconsin. It is located on the Clark County border with Marathon County, and CHS serves about 300 students from both Clark and Marathon counties.

text:
# Colby High School (Wisconsin)

**Colby High School** is a public secondary school located in Colby, Wisconsin. It is located on the Clark County border with Marathon County, and CHS serves about 300 students from both Clark and Marathon counties.

## Academics

Colby High School offers Advanced Placement courses, of which approximately a quarter of the student body takes part in.

## Demographics

For the 2020–21 academic year, Colby High School (Wisconsin) enrolled 305 students, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. The school employed 18.41 full-time equivalent educators, resulting in a student to teacher ratio of 16.6:1.

Enrollment by race and ethnicity (2020–21)
| Race and ethnicity | Enrolled pupils | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| African American | 1 | 0.33% |
| Asian | 4 | 1.31% |
| Hispanic | 64 | 20.98% |
| Native American | 1 | 0.33% |
| White | 234 | 76.72% |
| Native Hawaiian, Pacific islander | 0 | 0% |
| Multi-race | 1 | 0.33% |
| Total | 305 | 100% |
| "Hispanic" includes Hispanics of any race. All other categories refer to non-Hispanics. | | |

Enrollment by gender (2020–21)
| Gender | Enrolled pupils | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Female | 142 | 46.56% |
| Male | 163 | 53.44% |
| Non-binary | 0 | 0% |
| Total | 305 | 100% |

Enrollment by grade (2020–21)
| Grade | Enrolled pupils | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 9 | 79 | 25.9% |
| 10 | 77 | 25.25% |
| 11 | 74 | 24.26% |
| 12 | 75 | 24.59% |
| Ungraded | 0 | 0% |
| Total | 305 | 100% |

## Athletics

The Colby athletic teams are nicknamed the Hornets and compete in the Cloverbelt Conference. Hornet football teams won WIAA Division 5 state titles in 1998, 2008 and 2011.

## Performing arts

Colby has two competitive show choirs, the mixed-gender Coalition and the women's-only Hornettes. The choirs also host the annual Central Wisconsin Show Choir Spectacular competition, which was named the best regional competition in America in 2018.

## InfoBox

| Colby High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Colby High School, Oct 2012 | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 705 N 2nd Street
Colby, Wisconsin
United States | |
| Coordinates | 44°55′13″N 90°19′07″W / 44.920141°N 90.318711°W / 44.920141; -90.318711 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public High School |
| School district | Colby School District |
| NCES District ID | 5502730 |
| Superintendent | Patrick Galligan |
| NCES School ID | 550273000309 |
| Principal | Marcia Diedrich |
| Teaching staff | 18.41 (FTE) |
| Grades | 9–12 |
| Gender | Coeducational |
| Enrollment | 305 (2022–2023) |
| Grade 9 | 79 |
| Grade 10 | 77 |
| Grade 11 | 74 |
| Grade 12 | 75 |
| Student to teacher ratio | 16.57∶1 |
| Color(s) | Green and gold |
| Athletics conference | Cloverbelt Conference |
| Mascot | Hornet |
| Website | www.colby.k12.wi.us/index.cfm/Colby |


title: Colebrook Store

abstract: The Colebrook Store is a historic commercial building at 559 Colebrook Road in the village center of Colebrook, Connecticut. Built in 1812, it has operated as a local general store since then, and is an architectural landmark for its two-story temple front. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

text:
# Colebrook Store

The **Colebrook Store** is a historic commercial building at 559 Colebrook Road in the village center of Colebrook, Connecticut. Built in 1812, it has operated as a local general store since then, and is an architectural landmark for its two-story temple front. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

## Description and history

The Colebrook Store stands prominently in the rural community's village center, at the northwest corner of Route 183 (Colebrook Road) and Rockwell Road. It is a 2+12-story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. Its front is distinguished by a two-story Federal temple front, consisting of a fully pedimented gable supported by four slender Tuscan columns. At the center of the gable is a Federal style half-round fan. Behind the columns, the facade is symmetrical and covered with flushboarding, with windows flanking doorways on both levels; the second-floor doorway having previously served as a loading entry. The doorways and windows appear to be late 19th-century replacements, as are a number of the fixtures inside the store. Features from that period include hardwood flooring, tin ceilings, and counters.

The store was built in 1812 by William Swift, a local carpenter whose principal product was bedsteads. Swift was apparently well traveled, and was able to execute a distinct interpretation of the Adam style of Federal architecture in this building. He is also credited with construction of the Solomon Rockwell House in Winsted. The store has long been a fixture of the rural community, often used as a reference point in 19th-century descriptions of the area. It continues to serve the community and tourists as a general store.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Colebrook Store | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district<br>Contributing property | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 559 Colebrook Rd. (CT 183), Colebrook, Connecticut |
| Coordinates | 41°59′22″N 73°5′48″W / 41.98944°N 73.09667°W / 41.98944; -73.09667 |
| Area | 1 acre (0.40 ha) |
| Built | 1812 (1812) |
| Built by | Swift, William |
| Part of | Colebrook Center Historic District (ID91000953) |
| NRHP reference No. | 76001980 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | April 26, 1976 |
| Designated CP | July 26, 1991 |


title: Cocountability

abstract: In mathematics, a cocountable subset of a set X is a subset Y whose complement in X is a countable set. In other words, Y contains all but countably many elements of X. Since the rational numbers are a countable subset of the reals, for example, the irrational numbers are a cocountable subset of the reals. If the complement is finite, then one says Y is cofinite.

text:
# Cocountability

In mathematics, a **cocountable** subset of a set *X* is a subset *Y* whose complement in *X* is a countable set. In other words, *Y* contains all but countably many elements of *X*. Since the rational numbers are a countable subset of the reals, for example, the irrational numbers are a cocountable subset of the reals. If the complement is finite, then one says *Y* is cofinite.

## σ-algebras

The set of all subsets of *X* that are either countable or cocountable forms a σ-algebra, i.e., it is closed under the operations of countable unions, countable intersections, and complementation. This σ-algebra is the **countable-cocountable algebra** on *X*. It is the smallest σ-algebra containing every singleton set.

## Topology

The cocountable topology (also called the "countable complement topology") on any set *X* consists of the empty set and all cocountable subsets of *X*.


title: Coleophora lusitanica

abstract: Coleophora lusitanica is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Portugal.

text:
# Coleophora lusitanica

***Coleophora lusitanica*** is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Portugal.

## InfoBox

| *Coleophora lusitanica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Coleophoridae |
| Genus: | *Coleophora* |
| Species: | ***C. lusitanica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Coleophora lusitanica***<br>Baldizzone & Corley, 2004 | |
|


title: Coleophora bivittella

abstract: Coleophora bivittella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Asia Minor and Iran.

text:
# Coleophora bivittella

***Coleophora bivittella*** is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Asia Minor and Iran.

## InfoBox

| *Coleophora bivittella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Coleophoridae |
| Genus: | *Coleophora* |
| Species: | ***C. bivittella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Coleophora bivittella***<br>Staudinger, 1879 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Coleophora griseicornella* Toll, 1959 | |


title: Coleotechnites laricis

abstract: The orange larch tubemaker is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in the north-eastern parts of the United States, as well as Canada. The wingspan is 10.5–13 mm. The forewings are shining black with fawn coloured scales. The hindwings are light grey. There is one generation per year. The larvae feed on eastern larch.

text:
# Coleotechnites laricis

The **orange larch tubemaker** (***Coleotechnites laricis***) is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in the north-eastern parts of the United States, as well as Canada.

The wingspan is 10.5–13 mm. The forewings are shining black with fawn coloured scales. The hindwings are light grey. There is one generation per year.

The larvae feed on eastern larch.

## InfoBox

| *Coleotechnites laricis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Coleotechnites* |
| Species: | ***C. laricis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Coleotechnites laricis***<br>(Freeman, 1965) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pulicalvaria laricis* Freeman, 1965 | |


title: Robert Kingsley

abstract: Robert Kingsley (1903–1988) was an American legal scholar and California judge. He graduated from the University of Minnesota, the University of Minnesota Law School, and Harvard Law School. A strong opponent of the Death penalty, Kingsley served as Dean of Law at the University of Southern California from 1952 to 1963, when he was appointed to the California Court of Appeals by Governor Pat Brown. The Robert Kingsley Professorship in law at USC, currently held by Susan Estrich, is named in his honor. In 1979 he was named Roger J. Traynor Memorial Appellate Justice of the Year.

text:
# Robert Kingsley

**Robert Kingsley** (1903–1988) was an American legal scholar and California judge. He graduated from the University of Minnesota, the University of Minnesota Law School, and Harvard Law School. A strong opponent of the Death penalty, Kingsley served as Dean of Law at the University of Southern California from 1952 to 1963, when he was appointed to the California Court of Appeals by Governor Pat Brown. The Robert Kingsley Professorship in law at USC, currently held by Susan Estrich, is named in his honor. In 1979 he was named Roger J. Traynor Memorial Appellate Justice of the Year.

## Personal life

Kingsley resided in California and was married.


title: Eagris tetrastigma

abstract: Eagris tetrastigma, commonly known as the black flat, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda. The habitat consists of primary and secondary forests.

text:
# Eagris tetrastigma

***Eagris tetrastigma***, commonly known as the **black flat**, is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda. The habitat consists of primary and secondary forests.

## Subspecies

* *Eagris tetrastigma tetrastigma* \- eastern Nigeria, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Congo, Central African Republic, western Uganda
* *Eagris tetrastigma subolivescens* (Holland, 1892) \- Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, western Nigeria

## InfoBox

| *Eagris tetrastigma* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Eagris tetrastigma* figure 15 | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Hesperiidae |
| Genus: | *Eagris* |
| Species: | ***E. tetrastigma*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eagris tetrastigma***<br>(Mabille, 1891) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| List * *Ceratrichia tetrastigma* Mabille, 1891 * *Trichosemeia tristifica* Aurivillius, 1925 * *Tricosemeia subolivescens* Holland, 1892 | |


title: Cirripectes polyzona

abstract: Cirripectes polyzona, the barred blenny, is a species of combtooth blenny found in coral reefs in the Indo-West pacific region. This species reaches a length of 13 centimetres (5.1 in) TL.

text:
# Cirripectes polyzona

***Cirripectes polyzona***, the **barred blenny**, is a species of combtooth blenny found in coral reefs in the Indo-West pacific region. This species reaches a length of 13 centimetres (5.1 in) TL.

## InfoBox

| *Cirripectes polyzona* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Blenniiformes |
| Family: | Blenniidae |
| Genus: | *Cirripectes* |
| Species: | ***C. polyzona*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cirripectes polyzona***
(Bleeker, 1868) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Salarias polyzona* Bleeker, 1868 * *Blennius canescens* Garman, 1903 | |


title: Efrén Llarena

abstract: Efrén Llarena is a Spanish rally driver born 26 May 1995 in Espinosa de los Monteros, Burgos, Castilla y León. In 2021 he finished runner up in the European Rally Championship behind Andreas Mikkelsen whilst driving his long term co-driver Sara Fernández to the co-driver's championship title. The following year in 2022, Llarena won the European Rally Championship, securing the title with two rounds remaining in the championship.

text:
# Efrén Llarena

**Efrén Llarena** is a Spanish rally driver born 26 May 1995 in Espinosa de los Monteros, Burgos, Castilla y León. In 2021 he finished runner up in the European Rally Championship behind Andreas Mikkelsen whilst driving his long term co-driver Sara Fernández to the co-driver's championship title. The following year in 2022, Llarena won the European Rally Championship, securing the title with two rounds remaining in the championship.

## Career

Llarena made his rally debut in 2013 just weeks after his 18th birthday at the Rallysprint de San Miguel in a Renault Clio Sport. He continued to enter rallies in Spain in 2013, 2014 and 2015 and with co-driver Igor Zatika had some success in their class. He finished 3rd in the Spanish Championship junior category in 2014. In 2016 he began working with Sara Fernández and alternated between a Suzuki Swift Sport and a Peugeot 208 R2. He won the Suzuki Swift Cup that year, run on Spanish Championship rallies, whilst also gaining more experience on French rallies. In 2017 the crew ran only in the Peugeot, winning the Spanish Gravel Junior Championship and the Volant Peugeot Cup in France.

In 2018, the crew entered the European Rally Championship (ERC) for the first time with Rally Team Spain. Llarena finished third in ERC3 and ERC3 Junior Championships. That year he also debuted in four-wheel-drive in a Ford Fiesta R5 at Rally Comunidad de Madrid RACE, finishing fourth out of 88 starters. Entering ERC3 for two-wheel drive again in 2019 brought championship success. Three class wins at Azores Rally, Barum Czech Rally Zlín and Cyprus Rally helped to deliver the ERC3 and ERC3 Junior titles, this also helped propel Llarena to a R5 campaign in ERC in 2020. In this season he finished 6th overall and 3rd in the Junior category in a Citroën C3 Rally2, his best result coming at Rally Hungary where a third position put him on the podium.

In 2021, switching to a Škoda Fabia Rally2 evo, Llarena improved again by finishing second in the ERC behind ex-Volkswagen, Citroën and Hyundai works driver Andreas Mikkelsen. Remarkably, Llarena gained his first and only overall victory in 2021 although it was a non-championship event in Spain, the Rally de Tierra de Murchante.

In 2022, Llarena scored his first ERC win at the Azores Rallye, when he overtook local driver Ricardo Moura on the final stage. Llarena went on to win the series championship, securing his championship title at the start of the Barum Czech Rally Zlín.

## Career results

Last updated: 13.04.2024

### European Rally Championship results

| Year | Entrant | Car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Pos. | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2018 | Rallye Team Spain | Peugeot 208 R2 | POR
16 | ESP
Ret | GRE | CYP | ITA
19 | CZE
25 | POL
14 | LAT | NC | 0 |
| 2019 | Rallye Team Spain | Peugeot 208 R2 | POR
13 | ESP
21 | LAT
23 | POL
Ret | ITA
20 | CZE
10 |  |  | 49th | 1 |
| | | | | Peugeot Rally Academy |  |  |  |  |  |  | CYP
14 | HUN |
| 2020 | Rallye Team Spain | Citroën C3 R5 | ITA
6 | LAT
8 | POR
Ret | HUN
3 | ESP
20 |  |  |  | 6th | 50 |
| 2021 | Rallye Team Spain | Škoda Fabia R5 Evo | POL
6 | LAT
4 | ITA
4 | CZE
6 | POR
3 | POR
Ret | HUN
4 | ESP
2 | 2nd | 153 |
| 2022 | Team MRF Tyres | Škoda Fabia Rally2 evo | POR
10 | POR
1 | ESP
2 | POL
4 | LAT
2 | ITA
4 | CZE
Ret | ESP
2 | 1st | 166 |
| 2023 | Team MRF Tyres | Škoda Fabia RS Rally2 | POR
7 | ESP
3 | POL
10 |  |  | ITA
4 |  |  | 4th | 88 |
| | Škoda Fabia Rally2 evo | | |  |  |  | LAT
9 | SWE
Ret |  |  |  |
| | Škoda Fabia R5 | | |  |  |  |  |  |  | CZE
8 | HUN
10 |
| 2024 | Team MRF Tyres | Škoda Fabia RS Rally2 | HUN | ESP | SWE | EST | ITA | CZE | GBR | POL | NC\* | 0\* |

* Season still in progress.

### European Rally Championship-3 results

| Year | Entrant | Car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Pos. | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2018 | Rallye Team Spain | Peugeot 208 R2 | POR
2 | ESP
Ret | GRE | CYP | ITA
3 | CZE
7 | POL
2 | LAT | 3rd | 100 |
| 2019 | Rallye Team Spain | Peugeot 208 R2 | POR
1 | ESP
4 | LAT
5 | POL
Ret | ITA
4 | CZE
1 |  |  | 1st | 173 |
| | | | | Peugeot Rally Academy |  |  |  |  |  |  | CYP
1 | HUN |


title: Rolf Ling Bolin

abstract: Rolf Ling Bolin was an American academic ichthyologist. A genus of lanternfish, Bolinichthys, is named for him.

text:
# Rolf Ling Bolin

**Rolf Ling Bolin** (22 March 1901 – 23 August 1973) was an American academic ichthyologist. A genus of lanternfish, *Bolinichthys*, is named for him.

## Biography

Bolin was born on 22 March 1901 in New York City to Scandinavian American parents. He initially pursued a career in graphic arts, but then took courses in marine biology. Bolin was awarded a Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1934, and worked at Hopkins Marine Station in Pacific Grove of Monterey County, California. There he was sought for information on fishes from Ed Ricketts and John Steinbeck. He was appointed Professor of Marine Biology and Oceanography in 1949 at Stanford, where he worked until his retirement in 1967. Bolin died on 23 August 1973 in Carmel, California.

## Taxon described by him

## Taxon named in his honor


title: Benton, Oklahoma

abstract: Benton is a ghost town in Beaver County, Oklahoma, United States. Nothing remains there. Few photographs of Benton still exist. The community is cited to be historic.

text:
# Benton, Oklahoma

**Benton** is a ghost town in Beaver County, Oklahoma, United States. Nothing remains there. Few photographs of Benton still exist. The community is cited to be historic.

## History

Founded around 1886 when its post office was established, and located near the edge of No Man's Land, Benton was known for being a “cultural” town, supposedly a favorite place for gatherings since many people would come there for the hotel and the saloons. The town had a general store, drugstore, hotel, livery stable, two saloons, and a blacksmith shop. A town newspaper called the “*Benton County Banner*” was established in 1886 or 1888. Most of the homes were built of sod and had wood floors and window sills. The town also had two man-made wells.

Before the panhandle became part of the Oklahoma Territory, local leaders tried to organize it into the Cimarron Territory. They designated Beaver City as the territory's new capital, wrote a constitution, and divided the territory into seven different counties. The one farthest east was to be named “Benton County,” and Benton was going to be the county seat. The Benton County Banner regularly carried the line, “Benton, Gem City of the Neutral Strip. It is sure to become the county seat because it is the exact center of the county.”

## Downfall

Accessibility to Benton was made difficult due to the closeness of the Beaver and Kiowa creeks, especially during flood season. The area's soil was more suited for grazing than planting crops. The Panhandle was eventually added to the Oklahoma Territory by the 1890 Organic Act, thus negating the Cimarron Territory scheme and Benton’s chance to be a county seat. That same year, the Benton County Banner moved to Beaver and became the "*Beaver City Tribune*". The post office was discontinued in 1899. The town declined rapidly, and by 1920, no one lived there.

1. "Benton (Beaver County, OK)". *roadsidethoughts.com*. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
2. Morris, John (1977). *Ghost Towns of Oklahoma*. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-0-8061-1420-0.
3. "Newspapers of the Panhandle of Oklahoma, 1886-1940". Chronicles of Oklahoma, June 1941, p.146. Retrieved July 16, 2024.
4. "Printing and Publishing Industry". Oklahoma Historical Society. Retrieved July 16, 2024.
5. "The Benton County Banner (Benton, I.T. \[Okla.\]) 1888-1890". Library of Congress. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
6. "No Man's Land". Oklahoma Historical Society. Retrieved July 16, 2024.
7. "Beaver". Historical Society. Retrieved July 16, 2024.

## InfoBox

| Benton, Oklahoma | |
| --- | --- |
| Ghost town | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Oklahoma |
| County | Beaver |
| Established | 1886 |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |


title: Tracadie-Sheila

abstract: Tracadie-Sheila is a former town in Gloucester County, New Brunswick, Canada. It is now part of the Regional Municipality of Tracadie.

text:
# Tracadie-Sheila

**Tracadie-Sheila** (/ˌtrækədi ˈʃlə/ *TRAK-ə-dee SHY-lə*) is a former town in Gloucester County, New Brunswick, Canada. It is now part of the Regional Municipality of Tracadie.

## History

## Demographics

### Population

Canada census – Tracadie-Sheila community profile

|  | 2011 |
| --- | --- |
| Population | 16,000 (+10.1% from 2006) |
| Land area | 24.65 km2 (9.52 sq mi) |
| Population density | 200.1/km2 (518/sq mi) |
| Median age | 45.4 (M: 45.1, F: 45.7) |
| Private dwellings | 2,255 (total) |
| Median household income | $47,661 |

References: 2011 earlier

Historical Census Data - Tracadie–Sheila, New Brunswick
| Year Pop. ±%  1991  4,383       1996  4,773 +8.9% | Year Pop. ±%  2001  4,724 −1.0%  2006  4,474 −5.3% | Year Pop. ±%  2011  4,933 +10.3% |
| --- | --- | --- |

### Language

| Canada Census Mother Tongue - Tracadie–Sheila, New Brunswick | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Census |  | Total |  | French | | |  | English | | |  | French & English | | |  | Other | | |
| Year |  | Responses |  | Count | Trend | Pop % |  | Count | Trend | Pop % |  | Count | Trend | Pop % |  | Count | Trend | Pop % |
| 2011 |  | 4,880 |  | 4,670 | 13.6% | 95.70% |  | 155 | 34.8% | 3.18% |  | 25 | n/a% | 0.51% |  | 30 | 57.1% | 0.61% |
| 2006 |  | 4,295 |  | 4,110 | 6.2% | 95.69% |  | 115 | 20.7% | 2.68% |  | 0 | 100.0% | 0.00% |  | 70 | n/a% | 1.63% |
| 2001 |  | 4,575 |  | 4,380 | 1.0% | 95.74% |  | 145 | 45.3% | 3.17% |  | 50 | 400.0% | 1.09% |  | 0 | 100.0% | 0.00% |
| 1996 |  | 4,625 |  | 4,335 | n/a | 93.73% |  | 265 | n/a | 5.73% |  | 10 | n/a | 0.22% |  | 15 | n/a | 0.32% |

## Tourism and culture

Located on the Acadian Peninsula, the area has a number of sandy beaches. Val-Comeau, the most popular, is protected as a Provincial Park. The beaches can usually be enjoyed from June until September, when the water is a moderate temperature.

Signage is in French, as most inhabitants of the Acadian Peninsula are predominantly French speaking. The community became known as the hometown of Wilfred Le Bouthillier, winner of the 2003 Quebec reality show *Star Académie*. The success of the young singer, known simply as Wilfred, resulted in a significant rise in tourism to the region.

The town is also home to pop singer Jean-François Breau. Well-known AIDS activist Dr. Réjean Thomas and opera singer Michèle Losier, (both now residing in Montreal), are from the neighbouring village of St-Isidore, part of the greater Tracadie area.

## Economy

The region suffers from high unemployment because of its relative isolation from centres of greater population. It depends on federal government assistance to compensate for the weak economic performance of the last decades. Most well-paid jobs tend to be government-related, including teachers, nurses and doctors. Other employers are in the "Parc Industriel".

Tourism is an important seasonal employer, particularly in the summer months of June, July and August. Thousands of vacationers, mostly from neighbouring Québec, come for the beaches, ocean, and hospitality.

## Transportation

The closest public airport is Bathurst Airport (IATA code: ZBF), 75 kilometres west of the town. It is served by Air Canada Jazz with twice daily flights to Montreal.

The community was once served by CN Rail for freight rail transport, but the rail line was abandoned in the 1980s. Today the nearest rail service is at Miramichi or Bathurst with the New Brunswick East Coast Railway; Via Rail Canada provides 6-day/week passenger rail service at Bathurst and Miramichi using its train the *Ocean*, running to Montreal and Halifax.

The town is located on Highway 11 which links the town to Caraquet and Shippagan to the northeast and Miramichi to the southwest. The town is connected to Highway 8 to Bathurst via Highway 365 and Highway 160 through Saint-Isidore and Allardville.

47°30′52″N 64°55′05″W / 47.51444°N 64.91806°W / 47.51444; -64.91806 (Tracadie-Sheila)

## InfoBox

| Tracadie | |
| --- | --- |
| Former town | |
| Downtown Tracadie | |
|  | |
| TracadieLocation within New Brunswick. | |
| Coordinates: 47°30′45″N 64°54′36″W / 47.51239°N 64.91010°W / 47.51239; -64.91010 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | New Brunswick |
| County | Gloucester |
| Parish | Saumarez |
| Town of Tracadie | 1966 |
| Village of Sheila | October 1, 1978 |
| Town of Tracadie-Sheila | January 1, 1992 |
| RM of Tracadie | July 1, 2014 |
| Government | |
| Type | Town Council |
| Mayor | Aldéoda Losier |
| Deputy Mayor | Bobby Ferguson |
| Councillors | List of Members * Rose-Marie Doiron * Marc Jean * Jean-Yves McGraw * Denis McLaughlin * Fernand Paulin * Vera Paulin |
| Executive Director | Denis Poirier |
| Area | |
| Total | 24.65 km2 (9.52 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 0 - 22 m (−72 ft) |
| Population (2011) | 16,000 |
| Density | 200.1/km2 (518/sq mi) |
| Pop 2006-2011 | 10.1% |
| Dwellings | 2,255 |
| Time zone | UTC-4 (AST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-3 (ADT) |
| Postal code(s) | E1X |
| Area code | 506 * Area exchanges: 394 |
| NTS Map | 21P10 Tracadie |
| GNBC Code | DATGK |
| Website | www.tracadie-sheila.ca |


title: Roses Match

abstract: The Roses Match refers to any game of cricket played between Yorkshire County Cricket Club and Lancashire County Cricket Club. Yorkshire's emblem is the white rose, while Lancashire's is the red rose. The associations go back to the Wars of the Roses in the 15th century. These matches have a long and proud history and are traditionally the hardest fought matches in the English first class game, with many dour draws recorded as both teams battled to avoid the ignominy of defeat. The term is occasionally used in connection with other sports where Lancashire play Yorkshire, such as rugby union and rugby league.

text:
# Roses Match

The **Roses Match** refers to any game of cricket played between Yorkshire County Cricket Club and Lancashire County Cricket Club. Yorkshire's emblem is the white rose, while Lancashire's is the red rose. The associations go back to the Wars of the Roses in the 15th century. These matches have a long and proud history and are traditionally the hardest fought matches in the English first class game, with many dour draws recorded as both teams battled to avoid the ignominy of defeat.

The term is occasionally used in connection with other sports where Lancashire play Yorkshire, such as rugby union and rugby league (War of the Roses).

## Early days

The first First Class Match between Yorkshire and Lancashire was in 1849 with Yorkshire winning by 5 wickets at the Hyde Park Ground in Sheffield. The very first **"Roses Match"** was played in 1867 at the Station Road Cricket Ground, Whalley near Blackburn and was won by Yorkshire by 5 wickets. The first match in the newly constituted County Championship, in 1890, ended in the inevitable draw. Including first class matches, second team fixtures, one day games and other representative matches there have been over 600 Roses Matches over the century and a half since the first one.

In the match played over the Whitsuntide bank holiday in June 1924 Lancashire were skittled for just 74 in their second innings, leaving Yorkshire a target of just 58 the next day. Despite opening with Percy Holmes and Herbert Sutcliffe Yorkshire were dispatched for just 33 by Cecil Parkin and Dick Tyldesley, Lancashire's first win in Yorkshire for 25 years.

At the Old Trafford Roses Match in 1926, a record 78,617 spectators paid to watch the match peter out into a high scoring draw, with centuries from Lancashire's Harry Makepeace (126), Ernest Tyldesley (139) and 92 from Frank Watson being answered by Yorkshire legends Percy Holmes (143) and Herbert Sutcliffe (89) who put on 199 as if to make amends for events 2 years previously. Leonard Green, Lancashire's captain, was batting when the score stood at 499. Neville Cardus relates the story that Green said to himself *"It's not likely that Lancashire ever again will score 500 against Yorkshire, so I'm going to get this single run if it kills me."* He pushed a ball from Wilfred Rhodes to the off-side and ran 'like the wind'. The ball was hurled back in anger by Yorkshire legend Emmott Robinson, striking Rhodes on the wrist while Green dived to make his ground. Picking himself up he heard Rhodes muttering to himself:

> *"There's somebody runnin' up and down this wicket. Ah don't know who it is, but there's some-body runnin' up and down this wicket." The operative words in that famous lamentation are, "Ah don't know who it is."*

## Batting feats

Lancashire finally surpassed their 1926 record total of 509 for 9 declared in 2005 in another high scoring draw when they posted 537 thanks to skipper Mark Chilton and Iain Sutcliffe's opening partnership of 223. This was their side's highest first-wicket stand against Yorkshire, beating Reggie Spooner and Harry Makepeace's 181 at Old Trafford in 1912. In 2021 Lancashire matched the exact total from 2005 going 509/9(dec) with huge efforts from Keaton Jennings 114(260) a rapid fire 52(57) from Alex Davies & Josh Bohannon 127(277).

In an effort to break the dominance of the batsmen on such featherbed pitches, and years before the infamous bodyline series, Ted McDonald, an Australian fast bowler, used a version of 'leg theory' in the Roses match at Old Trafford the following year in 1927, bowling to a 4-man leg trap with no slips.

## Bowling feats

There have been many outstanding bowling performances in Roses Matches, not least Jack Iddon's 9 for 42 for Lancashire in 1937 while the brilliant Yorkshire left arm spinner Johnny Wardle took 9 for 25 on a rain-affected pitch at Old Trafford in 1954. Fred Trueman made his debut in the 1949 game while his longtime England partner, Lancashire legend Brian Statham, made a big impact aged just 20 in his first Roses match in August 1950, when he shocked a packed Old Trafford crowd by falling flat on his face at the start of his opening spell. He picked himself up, dusted himself down and later that over ripped out Frank Lowson's middle stump. He soon dismissed Ted Lester and Willie Watson for 2 more ducks and Wisden said his bowling *"bordered on the sensational".*

Not to be outdone Fred Trueman was always keen to entertain the crowds, even during one of the slower passages of play. On one occasion, before a packed Old Trafford Roses crowd, he was returning the ball with his party piece left-handed throw from deep mid-wicket when he slipped and fired the ball high over the startled wicket keeper to the third-man boundary. Renowned for his mastery of seam and swing, and ebullient self-confidence, he was once asked by a straight faced Richard Hutton if he'd ever bowled a straight ball. Fred didn't miss a beat *"Aye, I did. It went straight through Peter Marner \[of Lancashire\] like a streak o'piss and flattened all three."*

## Modern times

The Roses Match was broadcast on ITV by Granada Television, shown in Lancashire and Yorkshire Television between the 1970s and the late 1980s. Matches were shown in these and other ITV regions in the United Kingdom.

The 1987 Roses match at Old Trafford, parts of which were so televised, produced a notably tense climax, Yorkshire's last pair of Richard Blakey and Stuart Fletcher hanging on in an unbroken stand of 38 to avoid defeat. As Lancashire finished only four points behind champions Nottinghamshire in the 1987 County Championship, if the last wicket had fallen Lancashire could have been county champions that year.

Yorkshire and Lancashire played two Roses Matches a season home and away in the County Championship. In 1993 the Championship was reduced so 18 teams would play each opponent once. For some seasons Yorkshire and Lancashire played an extra early season game to maintain home and away fixture. With a two division County Championship was introduced in 2000 with home and away games against each opponent which brought back two Roses Matches. In 2002 Yorkshire were relegated so there was a three-year break in games until their promotion back to the First Division.

Australian Darren Lehmann smashed 252 in just 288 balls in the Headingley Roses Match in 2001, the season in which Yorkshire regained the County Championship for the first time in over 30 years. Belying the fixture's turgid reputation, fellow Australians Stuart Law and Andrew Symonds have both made quickfire hundreds for the Red Rose County in recent years while Andrew Flintoff was no less destructive during his best of 160, 111 of his runs being smashed between start of play and lunch.

Yorkshire's Adam Lyth scored a career-best 251 in the fixture in September 2014, contributing to a record 6th wicket partnership of 296 with Adil Rashid.

In 2003, the Twenty20 Cup was introduced and for these matches the **Yorkshire Carnegie** now play the **Lancashire Lightning**. This has provided a fillip to the Roses fixture with very large crowds coming to grounds for this short format. 14,215 turned up for the 2006 match at Headingley in June 2006. A crowd of 17,000 turned up at Old Trafford for the 2008 fixture which Yorkshire won by 4 runs. In July 2013, a sell-out crowd of 17,500 at Headingley witnessed the first ever tied Twenty20 match between the sides. Up to the end of the 2013 season Yorkshire have won 9 games to Lancashire's 8, with a tie and a no result match.

In 2012, there was no Roses Match in the County Championship due to Yorkshire being relegated, with Lancashire winning both matches in the 2011 County Championship.

In June 2015, Jos Buttler led Lancashire Lightning to a last-ball victory over Yorkshire Vikings at Headingley in the most dramatic Twenty20 Rose match to date.

On 27 May 2021, Lancashire beat Yorkshire at home for their first Roses County Championship victory in a decade.

## Head to Head (1849–2021)

| Match format | Total matches | Yorkshire | Lancashire | Tied | Match Drawn | No Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **First Class (3/4-day matches)** | 274 | **84** | 56 | - | 133 | 1 |
|
| One Day Matches | 67 | 25 | **35** | - | - | 7 |
|
| Twenty20 | 32 | 12 | **14** | 2 | - | 4 |
|


title: Bogdašić

abstract: Bogdašić is a village in the Municipality of Tomislavgrad in Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The village is located on the hill in the upper part of Šujica Valley.

text:
# Bogdašić

**Bogdašić**  is a village in the Municipality of Tomislavgrad in Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The village is located on the hill in the upper part of Šujica Valley.

## Demographics

404 residents lived in the village in 1991. By 2013 that number decreased to 346. All residents identified themselves as Croats.

## Footnotes

## Bibliography

* *Ethnicity/National Affiliation, Religion and Mother Tongue* (PDF). Sarajevo: Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2019.

## InfoBox

| Bogdašić | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Bogdašić | |
| Coordinates: 43°51′27″N 17°11′03″E / 43.85750°N 17.18417°E / 43.85750; 17.18417 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Canton | Canton 10 |
| Municipality | Tomislavgrad |
| Area | |
| Total | 20.59 km2 (7.95 sq mi) |
| Population (2013) | |
| Total | 346 |
| Density | 17/km2 (44/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Boletellus exiguus

abstract: Boletellus exiguus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Found in the tropical forests of western Guyana, it was reported as new to science in 2008. The specific epithet exiguus derives from the Latin word for "small", referring to the small basidiocarps.

text:
# Boletellus exiguus

***Boletellus exiguus*** is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Found in the tropical forests of western Guyana, it was reported as new to science in 2008. The specific epithet *exiguus* derives from the Latin word for "small", referring to the small basidiocarps.

## Description

The fruit bodies have convex to somewhat flattened caps, reaching a typical diameter of 9–33 mm (0.35–1.30 in), although specimens up to 42 mm (1.7 in) have been recorded. The dark brown cap colour of youth softens in age to become chestnut-brown to yellow-tan. On the underside of the cap is a yellow pore surface. There are between 0.5 and 2 somewhat angular pores per millimetre. The tubes comprising the hymenophore are up to 7 mm (0.3 in) long; they are depressed around the point of attachment to the stipe. The tube tissue quickly stains blueish-green when injured. The stipe measures 7–34 mm (0.3–1.3 in) long by 1–4 mm thick. It is more or less equal in width throughout its length except for a slightly flared base. Its color is tan to brownish, with a red zone at the top 1–2 mm, and its surface texture features fine longitudinal striations, and brown "hairs" at the very base, The fruit body odor ranges from minimal to "pleasant", and it has a mild taste.

The spore print is olive-brown to dark olive-green. Spores are walnut shaped, inamyloid, and typically measure 10–15 by 7–9 μm. The basidia are somewhat club-shaped, three- or four-spored with sterigmata 2–4 um long, and overall dimensions of 37–51 by 12–15 μm.

## Habitat and distribution

*Boletellus exiguus* is known only from the type locality in Guyana, in the Upper Potaro and adjacent Upper Ireng River Basins. Fruit bodies grow singly to scattered in humus on the trunks of *Dicymbe corymbosa*.

## InfoBox

| *Boletellus exiguus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Boletales |
| Family: | Boletaceae |
| Genus: | *Boletellus* |
| Species: | ***B. exiguus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Boletellus exiguus***<br>T.W.Henkel & Fulgenzi (2008) | |
|


title: Boletellus floriformis

abstract: Boletellus floriformis is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Found in Japan, it was described as new to science by Rokuya Imazeki in 1952.

text:
# Boletellus floriformis

***Boletellus floriformis*** is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Found in Japan, it was described as new to science by Rokuya Imazeki in 1952.

## InfoBox

| *Boletellus floriformis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Boletales |
| Family: | Boletaceae |
| Genus: | *Boletellus* |
| Species: | ***B. floriformis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Boletellus floriformis***<br>Imazeki (1952) | |
|


title: Bombsite

abstract: A bombsite is the wreckage that remains after a bomb has destroyed a building or other structure.

text:
# Bombsite

A **bombsite** is the wreckage that remains after a bomb has destroyed a building or other structure.

## World War II bombsites

After World War II many European cities remained severely damaged from bombing. London and other British cities which had suffered the Blitz were pock-marked with bombsites, vacant lots covered in the rubble of destroyed buildings. Many postwar children in urban areas shared a common memory of playing their games and riding their bicycles across these desolate environments. There were often abandoned bombshelters of the 'Anderson' type nearby.

In London, Liverpool, Bristol, etc., across the channel in Berlin and other places these sites were constant reminders of the death and destruction of the war. This was a contributory factor to the European psycho-sociological outlook of the 1950s and 1960s. The German city of Dresden suffered a previously unprecedented level of destruction.

## In literature and media

The rubble of Viennese bombsites and the remnants of the city's battered infrastructure serve as a backdrop to much of the action in the movie *The Third Man*, written by Graham Greene, an author who would return to this bombsite motif again in his 1954 short story "The Destructors".

## Further reading

* Moshenska, G. (2009). "Resonant Materiality and Violent Remembering: Archaeology, Memory and Bombing". *International Journal of Heritage Studies*. **15** (1): 44–56. doi:10.1080/13527250902746062. S2CID 144528743.
* Mellor, L. (2004). "Words from the bombsites: debris, modernism and literary salvage". *Critical Quarterly*. **46** (4): 77–90. doi:10.1111/j.0011-1562.2004.00598.x.
* Schofield, John (2002). "Monuments and the memories of war: motivations for preserving military sites in England". In Beck, Colleen M.; Johnson, William Gray; Schofield, John (eds.). *Matériel Culture: The Archaeology of Twentieth-Century Conflict*. One World Archaeology. Vol. 44. London, UK: Routledge. pp. 143–158.
* James, J. (2006). "Undoing Trauma: Reconstructing the Church of Our Lady in Dresden". *Ethos*. **34** (2): 244–272. doi:10.1525/eth.2006.34.2.244. S2CID 84177597.
* Moeller, Robert G. (2006). "On the History of Man-made Destruction: Loss, Death, Memory, and Germany in the Bombing War". *History Workshop Journal*. **61**: 103–134. doi:10.1093/hwj/dbi057.


title: Bombshells (play)

abstract: Bombshells is a play by Australian playwright Joanna Murray-Smith.

text:
# Bombshells (play)

***Bombshells*** is a play by Australian playwright Joanna Murray-Smith.

## Synopsis

Six monologues made famous by the diva Caroline O'Connor, exposing six women balancing their inner and outer lives with humour and often desperate cunning. They range in age from a feisty teenager to a 64-year-old widow yearning for the unexpected.

## First production

*Bombshells* was first presented by Melbourne Theatre Company at the Fairfax Theatre, Victorian Arts Centre, Melbourne, Australia, on 28 December 2001, with the following production team:

This production was revived at the same venue from 26 February 2004 and transferred to the York Theatre, Seymour Centre, Sydney, Australia, from 30 April 2004.

A reduced version—consisting of four monologues—was presented as part of the Edinburgh Festival Fringe at the Assembly Rooms, Edinburgh, Scotland, from 6 August 2004. The performer again was Caroline O’Connor, directed by Simon Phillips.

This production—now consisting of all six monologues—transferred to the Arts Theatre, London, England, on 3 September 2004.

Four of the monologues from *Bombshells* were televised by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in November 2003.

## InfoBox

Bombshells
| Cover shows Caroline O’Connor in *Bombshells*. Photos: Jeff Busby | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Joanna Murray-Smith |
| Cover artist | Ned Hoste, 2H |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Play |
| Publisher | Currency Press |
| Publication date | 2004 |
| Publication place | Australia |
| Media type | Print (Paperback) |
| ISBN | 978-0-86819-751-7 |