title: Energy in the Czech Republic

abstract: Energy in the Czech Republic describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in the Czech Republic.

text:
# Energy in the Czech Republic

**Energy in the Czech Republic** describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in the Czech Republic.

## Energy in 2020

## Fossil fuels

### Coal

OKD is a major mining company in the Czech Republic.

Coal usage: 2019 40.9 Mt, 2020 31.5 Mt, 2021 31.4 Mt, 2022 35.1 Mt

The country aims to phase out coal power by 2038 or earlier.

### Oil and gas

Oil and gas deposits in the Czech Republic are in Moravia.

Crude oil from Russia comes through the Druzhba pipeline via Ukraine. The Ingolstadt–Kralupy–Litvínov pipeline can bring crude oil from Germany and be connected to the Transalpine Pipeline.

The Country has two refineries, owned by Česká rafinérská. The Litvinov refinery needs to be modified to process non-Russian grade oil.

The Gazela Pipeline allowed gas to be supplied from other countries by connecting through Germany at Brandov or Rozvadov or through Slovakia via Lanžhot.

Gas usage: 2020 8.8 Bcm, 2021 9.4 Bcm, 2022 7.8 Bcm, 2023 7.1 Bcm.

## Electricity

In 2022 Electricity production was 78.8 terawatt-hours (TWh), whilst consumption was 60.4 TWh.

53.60% was generated from fossil fuels, mostly lignite, 40.95% nuclear and 5.46% renewables.

## Environment

In 2014, the emissions of carbon dioxide were 10.4 tons per capita. The EU average was 7.9 tons per capita. Czech Republic's emissions were comparable to those of Japan or the Netherlands.

### Renewable energy

In 2023, the city of Brno is working to modernise its heat generation and distribution infrastructure. Teplárny Brno received a €75 million loan from the European Investment Bank for this modernization. The initiative aims at lowering the country's reliance on oil imports, and consists of a wood chip-fuelled heat and power biomass unit.

## Business

According to Forbes list of billionaires (2011) Czech billionaire Zdenek Bakala ($2 B 2011) has made his wealth in coal business. Forbes ranked Zdenek Bakala (Net Worth$1.5 B) as richest Czech in energy business (coal) in 2013.

Bakala is the biggest player on the coal market in Central Europe. He has consolidated Polish mining markets into his company New World Resources.

## Overview

| Energy in Czech Republic | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Capita | Prim. energy | Production | Export | Electricity | CO2-emission |
|  | Million | TWh | TWh | TWh | TWh | Mt |
| 2004 | 10.2 | 530 | 398 | 136 | 63.5 | 118.8 |
| 2007 | 10.3 | 532 | 392 | 134 | 67.1 | 122.1 |
| 2008 | 10.4 | 519 | 382 | 144 | 67.4 | 116.8 |
| 2009 | 10.5 | 488 | 363 | 132 | 64.1 | 109.8 |
| 2012 | 10.5 | 505 | 373 | 140 | 66.0 | 112.7 |
| 2012R | 10.5 | 496 | 380 | 126 | 66.3 | 107.8 |
| 2013 | 10.5 | 488 | 351 | 137 | 66.1 | 101.1 |
| Change 2004-09 | 2.9  % | -7.8 % | -8.9 % | -2.8 % | 0.9 % | -7.5 % |
| Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses that are 2/3 for nuclear power 2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated | | | | | | |

Primary energy consumption per million people in 2008 was 50 TWh compared to other countries (TWh): Canada 93 (3103 TWh 33.3), USA 87 (26,560 TWh 304.5), UK 40 (2,424 TWh 61.4), Greece 31 TWh (354 TWh 11.24) and Poland 30 (1138 TWh 38.12).


title: Enkhuizen

abstract: Enkhuizen is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland and the region of West-Frisia.

text:
# Enkhuizen

**Enkhuizen** (Dutch pronunciation: \[ɛŋkˈɦœyzə(n)\] ) is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland and the region of West-Frisia.

## History

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1398 | 1,900 |  |
| 1477 | 3,500 | +0.78% |
| 1494 | 3,175 | −0.57% |
| 1514 | 3,600 | +0.63% |
| 1553 | 4,450 | +0.54% |
| 1557 | 5,500 | +5.44% |
| 1561 | 7,750 | +8.95% |
| 1622 | 21,878 | +1.72% |
| 1632 | 19,150 | −1.32% |
| 1732 | 10,420 | −0.61% |
| 1795 | 6,803 | −0.67% |
| Source: Lourens & Lucassen 1997, pp. 59–60 | | |

Enkhuizen, like Hoorn and Amsterdam, was one of the harbour-towns of the VOC, from where overseas trade with the East Indies was conducted. It received city rights in 1355. On June 24, 1572 during the Eighty Years' War, in Enkhuizen five Franciscans from Alkmaar were hanged: known as the martyrs of Alkmaar.

In the mid-17th century, Enkhuizen was at the peak of its power and was one of the most important harbour cities in the Netherlands. However, due to a variety of reasons, notably the silting up of the harbours, Enkhuizen lost its position to Amsterdam.

## Tourism

Enkhuizen has one of the largest marinas in the Netherlands. The Zuiderzee Museum is located in Enkhuizen. The Drommedaris is the oldest building in Enkhuizen, dating from 1540. Tourists can take boat trips to and from the port to Medemblik.

## Industry

Industrially, Enkhuizen is home to a number of seed production companies, Enza Zaden, Syngenta, Bayer Crop Science, as well as a plastics factory. Tourism is also a large part of the economy.

## Population centres

The municipality of Enkhuizen consists of the city of Enkhuizen and the settlements of Oosterdijk and Westeinde.

## Local government

After the 2022 local election, the 17 seats of Enkhuizen municipal council divided as follows:

* Enkhuizen Forward! – 3 seats
* SP – 3 seats
* CDA – 2 seats
* D66 – 2 seats
* PvdA – 2 seats
* Enkhuizer Alternative – 1 seat
* Nieuw Enkhuizen – 1 seat
* No party (C.H.Segerius) – 1 seat
* Pirate Party – 1 seat
* VVD – 1 seat

## Transport

Enkhuizen station offers direct rail service to Hoorn, Amsterdam and Maastricht/Heerlen, with the journey to Amsterdam Centraal of around an hour.

During the summer, ferries for pedestrians and cyclists operate between Enkhuizen and Stavoren, Medemblik and Urk.

It is also possible to drive or cycle across the Houtribdijk to Lelystad, passing under a naviduct near the Krabbersgat lock.

## Notable buildings

## Notable residents

### Public thought and public service

### The arts

### Science and business

* Jan Verbruggen (1712–1781) Dutch master gun-founder and an artist
* David de Gorter (1717–1783) Dutch physician, botanist and academic
* Gerbrand Bakker (1771–1828) physician, professor at the University of Groningen
* Harm Bart (born 1942) Dutch mathematician, economist and academic

### Sport

### Citations

### Sources

* Lourens, Piet; Lucassen, Jan (1997). *Inwonertallen van Nederlandse steden ca. 1300–1800*. Amsterdam: NEHA. ISBN 9057420082.

## InfoBox

| Enkhuizen | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Harbour of Enkhuizen | |
|  | |
| Location in North Holland | |
| EnkhuizenLocation within the NetherlandsEnkhuizenLocation within Europe | |
| Coordinates: 52°42′N 5°18′E / 52.700°N 5.300°E / 52.700; 5.300 | |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Province | North Holland |
| Government | |
| Body | Municipal council |
| Mayor | Eduard van Zuijlen |
| Area | |
| Total | 116.25 km2 (44.88 sq mi) |
| Land | 12.68 km2 (4.90 sq mi) |
| Water | 103.57 km2 (39.99 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 3 m (10 ft) |
| Population (January 2021) | |
| Total | 18,637 |
| Density | 1,470/km2 (3,800/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Enkhuizer |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postcode | 1600–1602 |
| Area code | 0228 |
| Website | www.enkhuizen.nl |


title: Energy systems language

abstract: The energy systems language, also referred to as energese, or energy circuit language, or generic systems symbols, is a modelling language used for composing energy flow diagrams in the field of systems ecology. It was developed by Howard T. Odum and colleagues in the 1950s during studies of the tropical forests funded by the United States Atomic Energy Commission.

text:
# Energy systems language

The **energy systems language**, also referred to as **energese**, or **energy circuit language**, or **generic systems symbols**, is a modelling language used for composing energy flow diagrams in the field of systems ecology. It was developed by Howard T. Odum and colleagues in the 1950s during studies of the tropical forests funded by the United States Atomic Energy Commission.

## Design intent

The design intent of the energy systems language was to facilitate the generic depiction of energy flows through any scale system while encompassing the laws of physics, and in particular, the laws of thermodynamics (see energy transformation for an example).

In particular H.T. Odum aimed to produce a language which could facilitate the intellectual analysis, engineering synthesis and management of global systems such as the geobiosphere, and its many subsystems. Within this aim, H.T. Odum had a strong concern that many abstract mathematical models of such systems were not thermodynamically valid. Hence he used analog computers to make system models due to their intrinsic value; that is, the electronic circuits are of value for modelling natural systems which are assumed to obey the laws of energy flow, because, in themselves the circuits, like natural systems, also obey the known laws of energy flow, where the energy form is electrical. However Odum was interested not only in the electronic circuits themselves, but also in how they might be used as formal analogies for modeling other systems which also had energy flowing through them. As a result, Odum did not restrict his inquiry to the analysis and synthesis of any one system in isolation. The discipline that is most often associated with this kind of approach, together with the use of the energy systems language is known as systems ecology.

## General characteristics

When applying the electronic circuits (and schematics) to modeling ecological and economic systems, Odum believed that generic categories, or characteristic modules, could be derived. Moreover, he felt that a general symbolic system, fully defined in electronic terms (including the mathematics thereof) would be useful for depicting real system characteristics, such as the general categories of production, storage, flow, transformation, and consumption. Central principles of electronics also therefore became central features of the energy systems language – Odum's generic symbolism.

Depicted to the left is what the generic symbol for storage, which Odum named the Bertalanffy module, in honor of the general systems theorist Ludwig von Bertalanffy.

For Odum, in order to achieve a holistic understanding of how many apparently different systems actually affect each other, it was important to have a generic language with a massively scalable modeling capacity – to model global-to-local, ecological, physical and economic systems. The intention was, and for those who still apply it, is, to make biological, physical, ecological, economic and other system models thermodynamically, and so also energetically, valid and verifiable. As a consequence the designers of the language also aimed to include the energy metabolism of any system within the scope of inquiry.

## Pictographic icons

In order to aid learning, in *Modeling for all Scales* Odum and Odum (2000) suggested systems might first be introduced with pictographic icons, and then later defined in the generic symbolism. Pictograms have therefore been used in software programs like ExtendSim to depict the basic categories of the Energy Systems Language. Some have argued that such an approach shares similar motivations to Otto Neurath's isotype project, Leibniz's (Characteristica Universalis) Enlightenment Project and Buckminster Fuller's works.

* M.T.Brown (2004) 'A picture is worth a thousand words: energy systems language and simulation', *Ecological Modelling*, 178: 83–100.
* H.T. Odum, Pigeon, R.F. (Eds.) (1970), A Tropical Rainforest, Division of Technical Information, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (TID2470)
* H.T.Odum (1971) *Environment, Society and Power*, Wiley Interscience.
* H.T.Odum (1994) *Ecological and General Systems: An Introduction to Systems Ecology*, Colorado University Press, Colorado.
* P.J.Taylor and A.S.Blum (1991) "Ecosystems as Circuits: Diagrams and the Limits of Physical Analogies", *Biology and Philosophy*, 6: 275–294.


title: Energy system

abstract: An energy system is a system primarily designed to supply energy-services to end-users. The intent behind energy systems is to minimise energy losses to a negligible level, as well as to ensure the efficient use of energy. The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report defines an energy system as "all components related to the production, conversion, delivery, and use of energy". The first two definitions allow for demand-side measures, including daylighting, retrofitted building insulation, and passive solar building design, as well as socio-economic factors, such as aspects of energy demand management and remote work, while the third does not. Neither does the third account for the informal economy in traditional biomass that is significant in many developing countries. The analysis of energy systems thus spans the disciplines of engineering and economics. Merging ideas from both areas to form a coherent description, particularly where macroeconomic dynamics are involved, is challenging. The concept of an energy system is evolving as new regulations, technologies, and practices enter into service – for example, emissions trading, the development of smart grids, and the greater use of energy demand management, respectively.

text:
# Energy system

An **energy system** is a system primarily designed to supply energy-services to end-users. The intent behind energy systems is to minimise energy losses to a negligible level, as well as to ensure the efficient use of energy. The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report defines an energy system as "all components related to the production, conversion, delivery, and use of energy".

The first two definitions allow for demand-side measures, including daylighting, retrofitted building insulation, and passive solar building design, as well as socio-economic factors, such as aspects of energy demand management and remote work, while the third does not. Neither does the third account for the informal economy in traditional biomass that is significant in many developing countries.

The analysis of energy systems thus spans the disciplines of engineering and economics. Merging ideas from both areas to form a coherent description, particularly where macroeconomic dynamics are involved, is challenging.

The concept of an energy system is evolving as new regulations, technologies, and practices enter into service – for example, emissions trading, the development of smart grids, and the greater use of energy demand management, respectively.

## Treatment

From a structural perspective, an energy system is like any system and is made up of a set of interacting component parts, located within an environment. These components derive from ideas found in engineering and economics. Taking a process view, an energy system "consists of an integrated set of technical and economic activities operating within a complex societal framework". The identification of the components and behaviors of an energy system depends on the circumstances, the purpose of the analysis, and the questions under investigation. The concept of an energy system is therefore an abstraction which usually precedes some form of computer-based investigation, such as the construction and use of a suitable energy model.

Viewed in engineering terms, an energy system lends itself to representation as a flow network: the vertices map to engineering components like power stations and pipelines and the edges map to the interfaces between these components. This approach allows collections of similar or adjacent components to be aggregated and treated as one to simplify the model. Once described thus, flow network algorithms, such as minimum cost flow, may be applied. The components themselves can be treated as simple dynamical systems in their own right.

### Economic modeling

Conversely, relatively pure economic modeling may adopt a sectoral approach with only limited engineering detail present. The sector and sub-sector categories published by the International Energy Agency are often used as a basis for this analysis. A 2009 study of the UK residential energy sector contrasts the use of the technology-rich Markal model with several UK sectoral housing stock models.

#### Data

International energy statistics are typically broken down by carrier, sector and sub-sector, and country. Energy carriers (aka energy products) are further classified as primary energy and secondary (or intermediate) energy and sometimes final (or end-use) energy. Published energy datasets are normally adjusted so that they are internally consistent, meaning that all energy stocks and flows must balance. The IEA regularly publishes energy statistics and energy balances with varying levels of detail and cost and also offers mid-term projections based on this data. The notion of an energy carrier, as used in energy economics, is distinct and different from the definition of energy used in physics.

### Scopes

Energy systems can range in scope, from local, municipal, national, and regional, to global, depending on issues under investigation. Researchers may or may not include demand side measures within their definition of an energy system. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) does so, for instance, but covers these measures in separate chapters on transport, buildings, industry, and agriculture.

Household consumption and investment decisions may also be included within the ambit of an energy system. Such considerations are not common because consumer behavior is difficult to characterize, but the trend is to include human factors in models. Household decision-taking may be represented using techniques from bounded rationality and agent-based behavior. The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) specifically advocates that "more attention should be paid to incorporating behavioral considerations other than price- and income-driven behavior into economic models \[of the energy system\]".

## Energy-services

The concept of an energy-service is central, particularly when defining the purpose of an energy system:

> It is important to realize that the use of energy is no end in itself but is always directed to satisfy human needs and desires. Energy services are the ends for which the energy system provides the means.

Energy-services can be defined as amenities that are either furnished through energy consumption or could have been thus supplied. More explicitly:

> Demand should, where possible, be defined in terms of energy-service provision, as characterized by an appropriate intensity – for example, air temperature in the case of space-heating or lux levels for illuminance. This approach facilitates a much greater set of potential responses to the question of supply, including the use of energetically-passive techniques – for instance, retrofitted insulation and daylighting.

A consideration of energy-services per capita and how such services contribute to human welfare and individual quality of life is paramount to the debate on sustainable energy. People living in poor regions with low levels of energy-services consumption would clearly benefit from greater consumption, but the same is not generally true for those with high levels of consumption.

The notion of energy-services has given rise to energy-service companies (ESCo) who contract to provide energy-services to a client for an extended period. The ESCo is then free to choose the best means to do so, including investments in the thermal performance and HVAC equipment of the buildings in question.

## International standards

ISO13600, ISO13601, and ISO13602 form a set of international standards covering technical energy systems (TES). Although withdrawn prior to 2016, these documents provide useful definitions and a framework for formalizing such systems. The standards depict an energy system broken down into supply and demand sectors, linked by the flow of tradable energy commodities (or energywares). Each sector has a set of inputs and outputs, some intentional and some harmful byproducts. Sectors may be further divided into subsectors, each fulfilling a dedicated purpose. The demand sector is ultimately present to supply energyware-based services to consumers (see energy-services).

## Energy system redesign and transformation

Energy system design includes the redesigning of energy systems to ensure sustainability of the system and its dependents and for meeting requirements of the Paris Agreement for climate change mitigation. Researchers are designing energy systems models and transformational pathways for renewable energy transitions towards 100% renewable energy, often in the form of peer-reviewed text documents created once by small teams of scientists and published in a journal.

Considerations include the system's intermittency management, air pollution, various risks (such as for human safety, environmental risks, cost risks and feasibility risks), stability for prevention of power outages (including grid dependence or grid-design), resource requirements (including water and rare minerals and recyclability of components), technology/development requirements, costs, feasibility, other affected systems (such as land-use that affects food systems), carbon emissions, available energy quantity and transition-concerning factors (including costs, labor-related issues and speed of deployment).

Energy system design can also consider energy consumption, such as in terms of absolute energy demand, waste and consumption reduction (e.g. via reduced energy-use, increased efficiency and flexible timing), process efficiency enhancement and waste heat recovery. A study noted significant potential for a type of energy systems modelling to "move beyond single disciplinary approaches towards a sophisticated integrated perspective".

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33. Keirstead, James; Jennings, Mark; Sivakumar, Aruna (1 August 2012). "A review of urban energy system models: Approaches, challenges and opportunities". *Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews*. **16** (6): 3847–3866. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.02.047. hdl:10044/1/10206. ISSN 1364-0321.


title: Endless Blue Sky

abstract: Endless Blue Sky is the eighth studio album from American new-age pianist Kevin Kern. As with his preceding albums, it is an album of instrumental songs. It was released on January 27, 2009. It is his first album to include the concept of bonus tracks, the Asian version having one, a cover of Jay Chou's "A Thousand Miles Away" (千里之外). It is also his first studio album to exceed eleven tracks, and the first studio album to exceed an hour in length - previously, only his compilation albums were over an hour long.

text:
# Endless Blue Sky

***Endless Blue Sky*** is the eighth studio album from American new-age pianist Kevin Kern. As with his preceding albums, it is an album of instrumental songs. It was released on January 27, 2009.

It is his first album to include the concept of bonus tracks, the Asian version having one, a cover of Jay Chou's "A Thousand Miles Away" (千里之外). It is also his first studio album to exceed eleven tracks, and the first studio album to exceed an hour in length (for the Asian edition) - previously, only his compilation albums were over an hour long.

## Track listing

*All tracks composed and arranged by Kevin Kern except #11, written by Jay Chou.*

1. "Joy of the Journey" – 3:18
2. "Velvet Green" – 3:52
3. "Endless Blue Sky" – 6:29
4. "Sunset Prayer" – 2:52
5. "Light Spirit" – 4:23
6. "Scene in a Dream" – 4:54
7. "The Skipping Song" – 4:44
8. "Caring Friend" – 5:00
9. "Wending Our Way Home" – 4:31
10. "The Glistening Pond" – 5:16
11. "A Thousand Miles Away" – 4:50 **(Asian bonus track)**
12. "Gifts Along the Way" – 3:54
13. "Joy of the Journey" (Reprise) – 1:58
14. "Always Near" – 5:19

## Personnel

1. *Endless Blue Sky* at AllMusic
2. "*Endless Blue Sky* at cdUniverse.com". Retrieved 14 December 2008.

## InfoBox

| Endless Blue Sky | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Kevin Kern | |
| Released | January 27, 2009 |
| Recorded | 2008 |
| Genre | New-age, instrumental |
| Length | 61:18 (Asian) |
| Label | Real Music |
| Producer | Terence Yallop, Kevin Kern |
| Kevin Kern chronology | |
| *Imagination's Light*
(2005) ***Endless Blue Sky***
(2009) *Enchanted Piano*
(2011) | |


title: Endless (private equity)

abstract: Endless is a British private equity firm. It is headquartered at Ground Floor, 12 King Street, Leeds, with an office at 102 Park Street, London W1. In 2017, Endless bought Jones Bootmaker, saving 840 jobs according to BBC. Endless has also invested in West Cornwall Pasty Company, Crown Paints, and Theo Fennell. In April 2006, the firm acquired GlynWebb, which it sold on four months later. In March 2011, Endless acquired T. J. Hughes for an undisclosed sum. In July 2017, the firm bought the luggage company Antler Luggage from fellow private equity firm Lloyds Development Capital (LDC). In July 2018, it announced that The Works, which it bought out of administration in May 2008 for around £17 million, would have an IPO, and a valuation of £100 million. In 2019, Endless acquired Victoria Plum.

text:
# Endless (private equity)

**Endless** is a British private equity firm. It is headquartered at Ground Floor, 12 King Street, Leeds, with an office at 102 Park Street, London W1.

In 2017, Endless bought Jones Bootmaker, saving 840 jobs according to BBC. Endless has also invested in West Cornwall Pasty Company, Crown Paints, and Theo Fennell. In April 2006, the firm acquired GlynWebb, which it sold on four months later. In March 2011, Endless acquired T. J. Hughes for an undisclosed sum.

In July 2017, the firm bought the luggage company Antler Luggage from fellow private equity firm Lloyds Development Capital (LDC). In July 2018, it announced that The Works, which it bought out of administration (rescued from insolvency) in May 2008 for around £17 million, would have an IPO, and a valuation of £100 million.

In 2019, Endless acquired Victoria Plum.

## InfoBox

Endless LLP
| Company type | Private |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Private equity |
| Founded | 2005 (2005) |
| Headquarters | Ground Floor, 12 King Street, Leeds LS1 2HL, England |
| Key people | Garry Wilson (co founder and managing partner)<br>Darren Forshaw (co founder and senior partner) |
| Website | http://www.endlessllp.com/ |


title: Enekbatus

abstract: Enekbatus is a genus of ten species of small to medium Western Australian shrubs in the family Myrtaceae, moved from Baeckea in 2010.

text:
# Enekbatus

***Enekbatus*** is a genus of ten species of small to medium Western Australian shrubs in the family Myrtaceae, moved from *Baeckea* in 2010.

## Species

The genus includes the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Enekbatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Subfamily: | Myrtoideae |
| Tribe: | Chamelaucieae |
| Genus: | *Enekbatus*<br>Trudgen & Rye |
|


title: Samsung Galaxy Spica

abstract: The Samsung Galaxy Spica, also known as Samsung Spica, Samsung GT-I5700, Samsung Galaxy Lite and Samsung Galaxy Portal, is a smartphone manufactured by Samsung and introduced in 2009 that uses the open source Android operating system. The phone is positioned below the original Samsung Galaxy. Even though some of its features like the camera resolution, storage and data connection speeds are lower than the i7500, its processor's clock speed is much higher at 800 MHz. It is succeeded by the Samsung Galaxy 3.

text:
# Samsung Galaxy Spica

The **Samsung Galaxy Spica**, also known as **Samsung Spica**, **Samsung GT-I5700**, **Samsung Galaxy Lite** and **Samsung Galaxy Portal**, is a smartphone manufactured by Samsung and introduced in 2009 that uses the open source Android operating system. The phone is positioned below the original Samsung Galaxy. Even though some of its features like the camera resolution, storage and data connection speeds are lower than the i7500, its processor's clock speed is much higher at 800 MHz. It is succeeded by the Samsung Galaxy 3.

## Features

The Galaxy Spica is a 3G smartphone, offering quad-band GSM and announced with two-band HSDPA (900/2100) at 3.6 Mbit/s. The phone features a 3.2-inch LCD capacitive touch screen, a 3.2 megapixel autofocus camera, and a digital compass. The i5700 has a standard 3.5mm headphone jack and is equipped with DNSe 2.0.

Software-wise, the Galaxy Spica offers a suite of Mobile Google services, including Google Search, Gmail, YouTube, Google Calendar, and Google Talk. The phone's GPS enables Google Maps features such as My Location, Google Latitude, and Street View. It also supports MP3, AAC (including iTunes Plus downloads), WMA audio, and H.264 video. The phone is also capable of playing DivX and Xvid coded content which makes it the first Android phone that supports this feature.

## Availability

The phone was available in Europe, Asia and Middle East. The i5700 is Samsung's second Android-based handset for Europe. The phone was released in December 2009 in Turkey and is released in Canada on the Rogers Communications network.

## Software

The Samsung Galaxy Spica has received an update to Android 2.1 Eclair as of February 2010. Some phone vendors, such as Three and T-Mobile in the UK, have started shipping the phone with 2.1 Eclair preloaded. As of May 2010, phones have started to sell in India and Indonesia with the 2.1 Eclair update preloaded.

The only official method for updating the Spica is via Samsung's PC Studio software and not, unlike others, via OTA.

It is not possible to update Branded phones in this way. In this case, the phones needs to be updated by an official Samsung Partner.

However, unsupported methods are available using a combination of third-party software and a range of available firmware from Android 1.5 Cupcake to alpha versions of Android 2.2 Froyo, Android 2.3 Gingerbread and Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich.

## InfoBox

Samsung Galaxy Spica (GT-I5700)
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Manufacturer | Samsung |
| Compatible networks | HSDPA (3G) 900/2100, Quad band GSM / GPRS / EDGE GSM 850, GSM 900, GSM 1800, GSM 1900 |
| First released | November 2009 (2009-11) |
| Availability by region | November 2009 |
| Successor | Samsung Galaxy 3 |
| Related | Samsung Galaxy (original) |
| Form factor | Slate |
| Dimensions | 115 mm (4.5 in) H
57 mm (2.2 in) W
13.2 mm (0.52 in) D |
| Weight | 124 g |
| Operating system | **Original:** Android 1.5 "Cupcake"
**Current:** Android 2.1 "Eclair" |
| CPU | Samsung S3C6410 800 MHz |
| GPU | FIMG 3DSE |
| Memory | 256 MB RAM |
| Storage | 512 MB flash, 180 MB user available |
| Removable storage | MicroSD support for up to 32 GB |
| Battery | Li-Ion (1500 mAh) |
| Display | 320×480 px, 3.2 in (81 mm), HVGA, 65,536 color LCD at 180 pixels per inch (ppi) |
| Rear camera | 3.2 Megapixels |
| Connectivity | USB 2.0, Bluetooth 2.1, Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g, GPS |
| Data inputs | Touch Screen (capacitive) |


title: Enrique Mora

abstract: Enrique Mora Benavente is a Spanish diplomat who has been serving as the Chief of Staff of Josep Borrell, High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union and as deputy secretary general of the European External Action Service (EEAS).

text:
# Enrique Mora

**Enrique Mora Benavente** (born October 15, 1958, in Córdoba) is a Spanish diplomat who has been serving as the Chief of Staff of Josep Borrell, High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union and as deputy secretary general of the European External Action Service (EEAS).

## Career

A former member of the Spanish diplomatic service, Mora has been posted in Beirut, Cyprus and Helsinki, among others.

Since 2021, Mora has been the European Union envoy coordinating talks with Iran on reviving the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). In August 2021, he represented the EU at the inauguration of Ebrahim Raisi as President of Iran. Iranian human rights activist Narges Mohammadi had previously urged Mora in a letter not to attend the inauguration ceremony and had warned him of "legitimizing a regime which, among many acts of violence against Iran’s people, engaged in a brutal crackdown against peaceful demonstrators in November 2019".

Mora is the author of several papers about the Balkan wars and crisis management.

## Other activities


title: Dale Bolle

abstract: Dale Joseph Bolle was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

text:
# Dale Bolle

**Dale Joseph Bolle** (June 12, 1923 – December 12, 2007) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Biography

Bolle was born Dale Joseph Bolle on June 12, 1923, in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin. He went on to graduate from Lincoln High School in Manitowoc, Wisconsin. During World War II and the Korean War, Bolle served in the United States Army. He was awarded a Bronze Star with Oak Leaf Cluster for heroism and a Purple Heart during World War II . Afterwards, he was a member of the United States Army Reserve, later retiring with the rank of captain. He owned Bolle Trucking Company for more than 30 years.

Bolle died on December 12, 2007, in Whitelaw, Wisconsin, and is buried in Francis Creek, Wisconsin. He was married to Ethelyn Junk for 61 years. They had two children, Wayne and Allen Bolle, he died with three grand children, Luke Bolle, Angela Konrad nee Bolle, and Jesse Bolle, with two great granddaughters Kaitlyn Bolle, and Madison Konrad.

## Political career

Bolle was first elected to the Assembly in 1982. He was a member of the Assembly until 1995, at which time he was succeeded by Frank Lasee. Additionally, Bolle was a member of the Manitowoc County Board from 1970 to 1980. He was a Democrat.

## InfoBox

| Dale Bolle | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
from the 2nd district | |
| **In office**
January 3, 1983  January 3, 1995 | |
| Preceded by | Vernon W. Holschbach |
| Succeeded by | Frank Lasee |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Dale Joseph Bolle
(1923-06-12)June 12, 1923
Manitowoc County, Wisconsin |
| Died | December 12, 2007(2007-12-12) (aged 84)
Whitelaw, Wisconsin |
| Political party | Democratic |
|  | |


title: Psilochira

abstract: Psilochira is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Lambertus Johannes Toxopeus in 1948.

text:
# Psilochira

***Psilochira*** is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Lambertus Johannes Toxopeus in 1948.

## Species

The following species are included in the genus:

## InfoBox

| *Psilochira* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Psilochira amydra* in Gunung Mulu National Park, Malaysia | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Tribe: | Lymantriini |
| Genus: | *Psilochira*
Toxopeus, 1948 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Lymantria lineata*
Walker, 1855 | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Imaida* Toxopeus, 1948 | |


title: Sarasota County Schools

abstract: The District School Board of Sarasota, commonly known as Sarasota County Schools, is a public school district serving Sarasota County, Florida. As of 2017, it serves approximately 43,150 students. The school district's leadership is often known internally and externally by the metonym The Landings, based on the location of its headquarters in The Landings neighborhood in South Sarasota.

text:
# Sarasota County Schools

**The District School Board of Sarasota**, commonly known as **Sarasota County Schools**, is a public school district serving Sarasota County, Florida. As of 2017, it serves approximately 43,150 students.

The school district's leadership is often known internally and externally by the metonym **The Landings**, based on the location of its headquarters in The Landings neighborhood in South Sarasota.

## Elementary schools

* Alta Vista Elementary School
* Atwater Elementary School
* Ashton Elementary School
* Bay Haven Elementary School
* Brentwood Elementary School
* Cranberry Elementary School
* Emma E. Booker Elementary School
* Fruitville Elementary School
* Garden Elementary School
* Glenallen Elementary School
* Gocio Elementary School
* Gulf Gate Elementary School
* Lakeview Elementary School
* Lamarque Elementary School
* Phillippi Shores Elementary School
* Southside Elementary School
* Tatum Ridge Elementary School
* Taylor Ranch Elementary School
* Toledo Blade Elementary School
* Tuttle Elementary School
* Venice Elementary School
* Wilkinson Elementary School

## Middle schools

* Booker Middle School
* Sarasota School of Arts and Sciences
* Brookside Middle School
* Heron Creek Middle School
* McIntosh Middle School
* Sarasota Middle School
* Venice Middle School
* Woodland Middle School

## K-8 school

* Laurel Nokomis School

## High schools

## Special schools

* Suncoast Technical College
* Pine View School (2-12)
* Oak Park
* Adult and Community Enrichment Center
* North Triad
* South Triad

## Charter schools

## InfoBox

| Sarasota County School District | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Sarasota County, FloridaWest Florida United States | |
| District information | |
| Type | Public |
| Grades | PK-12 |
| Superintendent | Dr. Allison Foster |
| School board | 5 members |
| Schools | 62 |
| Budget | $426 million |
| NCES District ID | 1201680 |
| Students and staff | |
| Students | 42,618 (2021–22) |
| Teachers | 2,792.99 (on an FTE basis) |
| Staff | 2,458.25 (on an FTE basis) |
| Student–teacher ratio | 15.26 |
| Other information | |
| Website | sarasotacountyschools.net |


abstract: The Committee on Budgets (BUDG) is a committee of the European Parliament. It has 41 members plus 39 substitute members. The committee's current chair is Jean Arthuis, who has held this position since 7 July 2014.

text:
# European Parliament Committee on Budgets

The **Committee on Budgets** (BUDG) is a committee of the European Parliament. It has 41 members plus 39 substitute members. The committee's current chair is Jean Arthuis, who has held this position since 7 July 2014.

## Membership

| Member | | Party | Constituency |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Jean Arthuis (Chair) | Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe | West France |
|  | Jens Geier (Vice-Chair) | Party of European Socialists | Germany |
|  | Monika Hohlmeier (Vice-Chair) | European People's Party | Germany |
|  | Siegfried Mureșan (Vice-Chair) | European People's Party | Romania |
|  | Petri Sarvamaa (Vice-Chair) | European People's Party | Finland |
|  | Nedzhmi Ali | Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe | Bulgaria |
|  | Jonathan Arnott | Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy | North East England |
|  | Richard Ashworth | European Conservatives and Reformists | South East England |
|  | Reimer Böge | European People's Party | Germany |
|  | Lefteris Christoforu | European People's Party | Cyprus |
|  | Gérard Deprez | Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe | Belgium |
|  | André Elissen | Europe of Nations and Freedom | Netherlands |
|  | José Manuel Fernandes | European People's Party | Portugal |
|  | Eider Gardiazabal Rubial | Party of European Socialists | Spain |
|  | Esteban González Pons | European People's Party | Spain |
|  | Ingeborg Gräßle | European People's Party | Germany |
|  | Iris Hoffmann | Party of European Socialists | Germany |
|  | John Howarth | Party of European Socialists | South East England |
|  | Bernd Kölmel | European Conservatives and Reformists | Germany |
|  | Zbigniew Kuźmiuk | European Conservatives and Reformists | Poland |
|  | Vladimír Maňka | Party of European Socialists | Slovakia |
|  | Sophie Montel | Europe of Nations and Freedom | East France |
|  | Liadh Ní Riada | European United Left–Nordic Green Left | South |
|  | Jan Olbrycht | European People's Party | Poland |
|  | Younous Omarjee | European United Left–Nordic Green Left | Overseas France |
|  | Urmas Paet | Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe | Estonia |
|  | Pina Picierno | Party of European Socialists | Southern Italy |
|  | Răzvan Popa | Party of European Socialists | Romania |
|  | Paul Rübig | European People's Party | Austria |
|  | Manuel dos Santos | Party of European Socialists | Portugal |
|  | Jordi Solé | Greens–European Free Alliance | Spain |
|  | Patricija Šulin | European People's Party | Slovenia |
|  | Eleftherios Synadinos | *Non-attached* | Greece |
|  | Indrek Tarand | Greens–European Free Alliance | Estonia |
|  | Isabelle Thomas | Party of European Socialists | West France |
|  | Inese Vaidere | European People's Party | Latvia |
|  | Monika Vana | Greens–European Free Alliance | Austria |
|  | Daniele Viotti | Party of European Socialists | North West Italy |
|  | Tiemo Wölken | Party of European Socialists | Germany |
|  | Marco Zanni | Europe of Nations and Freedom | North West Italy |
|  | Stanisław Żółtek | Europe of Nations and Freedom | Poland |
|


title: Colonial Block

abstract: The Colonial Block is a historic mixed-use retail, commercial, and residential block at 1139-55 Main Street in Springfield, Massachusetts. Built in 1902-05, it is a relatively rare example of a mixed use building from the period built to provide a mix of uses, in particular residential, at a time when most building in the area were built for commercial and retail purposes. It has also anchored the southern part of Springfield's downtown area where it begins transitioning to more residential use. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

text:
# Colonial Block

The **Colonial Block** is a historic mixed-use retail, commercial, and residential block at 1139-55 Main Street in Springfield, Massachusetts. Built in 1902-05, it is a relatively rare example of a mixed use building from the period built to provide a mix of uses, in particular residential, at a time when most building in the area were built for commercial and retail purposes. It has also anchored the southern part of Springfield's downtown area where it begins transitioning to more residential use. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

## Description and history

The Colonial Block is located near the southern end of the built-up commercial downtown area of Springfield. It is on the north side of Main Street at the southeast corner with Stockbridge Street, and is adjacent to the McKinney Building to the east, across Crossett Lane, and abuts the Guenther & Handel's Block on Stockbridge Street. It is five stories in height, with a facade of yellow brick and brown sandstone. The Main Street facade is eleven bays, articulated by brick pilasters with stone capitals on the upper levels. Projecting polygonal bays at intervals give the facade an undulating character, in part because the projections are continued in the elaborate bracketed cornice. The ground floor storefronts, of which there are three on Main Street, have been modernized, with plate glass display windows flanking recessed entrances.

The building was built as a speculative venture in 1902 by a local builder and real estate developer, Pascal Morse. It is a relatively rare example of a mixed use building from the period, in particular for its inclusion of residences, at a time when most building in the area were built for commercial and retail purposes. Its first floor was for built for retail use, the second floor housed offices and commercial space, and the upper three floors were residential. The building marked a transitional area between the urban downtown center of Springfield to the north, and more residential areas to the south. It also features distinctive Georgian Revival details not found on many other Springfield buildings. For many years, the principal retail tenant in the building was a furniture store.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Colonial Block | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Colonial Block | |
|  | |
| Location | 1139-55 Main St., Springfield, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 42°6′1″N 72°35′11″W / 42.10028°N 72.58639°W / 42.10028; -72.58639 |
| Built | 1902 (1902) |
| Architect | Morse, Paseal |
| Architectural style | Colonial Revival |
| MPS | Downtown Springfield MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 83000743 |
| Added to NRHP | February 24, 1983 |


title: Evenimentul Zilei

abstract: Evenimentul Zilei is a formerly physical and now exclusively online newspaper in Romania. Its name means "The event of the day".

text:
# Evenimentul Zilei

***Evenimentul Zilei*** is a formerly physical and now exclusively online newspaper in Romania. Its name means "The event of the day".

## History and profile

*Evenimentul Zilei* was founded by Ion Cristoiu, Cornel Nistorescu, and Mihai Cârciog, and the first issue was published on 22 June 1992. Ion Cristoiu, one of the 3 founders of the newspaper, was also its first director, but he is currently columnist at the same newspaper

The newspaper reached its peak daily circulation of 675,000 in 1993. In 1997 chief editor Ion Cristoiu quit and this job was taken by Cornel Nistorescu. The newspaper was purchased along with its parent company Expres Publishing in 1998 by the German company Gruner + Jahr (owned, in turn, by Bertelsmann), which later, in 2003 sold it to the Swiss press trust Ringier; at the time of purchase, Ringier representatives stated that there would be no direct or indirect intervention in the newspaper's editorial policy.

In September 2004 more than 50 *Evenimentul Zilei* journalists protested Ringier's management decisions. Similar issues were raised at the same time at rival daily *România liberă*, owned by Germany's WAZ-Mediengruppe. At both papers, journalists have complained that foreign owners are telling them to lessen the political coverage and tone down their negative reporting of the government. Their concern has been echoed by a variety of organizations including the Open Society Foundations. After this scandal, *Evenimentul Zilei* became one of the most fervent attackers of the government's corruption. Nonetheless, *Evenimentul Zilei* remained "The biggest thorn in \[Adrian\] Nastase's side" throughout the 2004 Romanian elections.

Ten days after Năstase's defeat in the 13 December 2004 runoff elections, the Ringier group moved the *EZ* editor-in-chief, Dan Turturică, to Bacău (officially, to look into the possibility of starting a free newspaper there) and began changing the editorial policy, to become a tabloid. As a response, 80 journalists signed a protest against these decisions and organized rallies in front of the Swiss and EU embassies. Subsequent negotiations were unsuccessful and on 4 January 2005, 30 journalists resigned, in addition to another five that resigned several days earlier. Paid circulation dropped at least 40% from a high of over 100,000.

In 2010 Ringier sold its shares in the paper to Bobby Păunescu. In 2019, the newspaper ceased to exist on paper after 8650 numbers. From 1 January 2020, the team moved exclusively online.

* Business Magazin, "Evenimentele Evenimentului", nr. 8/2005 (8 March 2005), p. 68
* Academia Cațavencu, "Oda de slavă - 'Găina naște pui vii'", nr. 8/2005 (2 March 2005), p. 23

## InfoBox

Evenimentul Zilei
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Daily newspaper |
| Format | Berliner |
| Owner(s) | Editura Evenimentul și Capital |
| Founder(s) | Ion Cristoiu
Cornel Nistorescu
Mihai Cârciog |
| Editor-in-chief | Simona Ionescu |
| Sports editor | Andrei Călin |
| Founded | 22 June 1992 (1992-06-22) |
| Language | Romanian |
| Ceased publication | 30 December 2019 (2019-12-30) (physical) |
| Headquarters | Romexpo (entrance B), Pavilion G4, 65-67 Mărăști Boulevard, Sector 1, Bucharest 011465 |
| Country | Romania |
| ISSN | 1222-328X |
| OCLC number | 896832327 |
| Website | www.evz.ro |
|  | |


title: Fabienne Deprez

abstract: Fabienne Deprez is a German badminton player. She won the gold medal at the European Junior Championships in the team event in 2011, a silver in the mixed doubles in 2009, also two bronzes in the team and girls' singles in 2009 and 2011 respectively. Deprez was part of the national team that won the 2012 European Women's Team Championships. She played for the FC Langenfeld, and emerge as the women's singles champion at the 2013 German National Championships.

text:
# Fabienne Deprez

**Fabienne Deprez** (born 8 February 1992) is a German badminton player. She won the gold medal at the European Junior Championships in the team event in 2011, a silver in the mixed doubles in 2009, also two bronzes in the team and girls' singles in 2009 and 2011 respectively. Deprez was part of the national team that won the 2012 European Women's Team Championships. She played for the FC Langenfeld, and emerge as the women's singles champion at the 2013 German National Championships.

## Achievements

### European Junior Championships

*Girls' singles*

| Year | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2011 | Energia Areena, Vantaa, Finland | Beatriz Corrales | 17–21, 11–21 | **Bronze** |

*Mixed doubles*

| Year | Venue | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | Federal Technical Centre - Palabadminton,
Milan, Italy | Jonas Geigenberger | Jacco Arends
Selena Piek | 16–21, 22–20, 19–21 | **Silver** |

### BWF International Challenge/Series (1 title, 3 runners-up)

*Women's singles*

| Year | Tournament | Opponent | Score | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 | Dutch International | Soraya de Visch Eijbergen | 15–21, 8–21 | **Runner-up** |
| 2016 | Hellas Open | Luise Heim | 16–4 retired | **Winner** |
| 2017 | Austrian Open | Kirsty Gilmour | 17–21, 9–21 | **Runner-up** |
| 2019 | Welsh International | Clara Azurmendi | 14–21, 16–21 | **Runner-up** |

BWF International Challenge tournament   BWF International Series tournament   BWF Future Series tournament

## InfoBox

| Fabienne Deprez | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Country | Germany |
| Born | (1992-02-08) 8 February 1992
Langenfeld, Rhineland, Germany |
| Residence | Mülheim, Germany |
| Height | 1.71 m (5 ft 7 in) |
| Weight | 60 kg (132 lb) |
| Years active | 2007 |
| Handedness | Left |
| Women's singles & mixed doubles | |
| Highest ranking | 45 (WS 15 June 2017)
120 (XD 15 September 2011) |
| Current ranking | 78 (WS 9 August 2022) |
| Medal record      Women's badminton  Representing  Germany  European Mixed Team Championships  2019 Copenhagen  Mixed team  2015 Leuven  Mixed team  2017 Lubin  Mixed team  European Women's Team Championships  2012 Amsterdam  Women's team  2018 Kazan  Women's team  2020 Liévin  Women's team  2010 Warsaw  Women's team  2014 Basel  Women's team  2016 Kazan  Women's team  European Junior Championships  2011 Vantaa  Mixed team  2009 Milan  Mixed doubles  2009 Milan  Mixed team  2011 Vantaa  Girls' singles | |
| BWF profile | |


title: Sarasota Journal

abstract: The Sarasota Journal was an American daily newspaper published in Sarasota, Florida, from 1952 until 1982. The Journal was founded in 1952 by publisher Lindsay Newspapers Inc. as an afternoon companion to their morning daily Sarasota Herald-Tribune newspaper. Citing steadily declining circulation figures, Lindsay Newspapers shut down the Journal just before a sale of the larger Herald-Tribune to the New York Times Company in late 1982 for an estimated $87 million. The final circulation figure for the Journal was 5,337, about one-third of the paper's reach in the early 1960s. The paper's last date of publication was July 9, 1982.

text:
# Sarasota Journal

The ***Sarasota Journal*** was an American daily newspaper published in Sarasota, Florida, from 1952 until 1982. The *Journal* was founded in 1952 by publisher Lindsay Newspapers Inc. as an afternoon companion to their morning daily *Sarasota Herald-Tribune* newspaper.

Citing steadily declining circulation figures, Lindsay Newspapers shut down the *Journal* just before a sale of the larger *Herald-Tribune* to the New York Times Company in late 1982 for an estimated $87 million. The final circulation figure for the *Journal* was 5,337, about one-third of the paper's reach in the early 1960s.

The paper's last date of publication was July 9, 1982.

## InfoBox

Sarasota Journal
| Type | Daily newspaper |
| --- | --- |
| Owner(s) | Lindsay Newspapers Inc |
| Founder(s) | Lindsay Newspapers Inc |
| Publisher | Lindsay Newspapers Inc |
| Founded | 1952 |
| Language | English |
| Ceased publication | July 9, 1982 |
| Headquarters | Sarasota, Florida |
| Sister newspapers | *Sarasota Herald-Tribune* |


title: Caerellia gens

abstract: The gens Caerellia was a minor Roman family during the late Republic and in imperial times. It is known from only a few individuals. Caerellia was a wealthy friend of Cicero, distinguished for her love of philosophical pursuits. Caerellius Priscus was governor of Roman Britain in the late 2nd century.

text:
# Caerellia gens

The ***gens Caerellia*** was a minor Roman family during the late Republic and in imperial times. It is known from only a few individuals. Caerellia was a wealthy friend of Cicero, distinguished for her love of philosophical pursuits. Caerellius Priscus was governor of Roman Britain in the late 2nd century.

## Footnotes

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). *Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology*. `{{cite encyclopedia}}`: Missing or empty `|title=` (help)


title: Sarconi

abstract: Sarconi is a town and comune in the province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata.

text:
# Sarconi

**Sarconi** (Lucano: *Sarcùni*) is a town and *comune* in the province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata.

## InfoBox

| Sarconi | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Sarconi | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Sarconi | |
| SarconiLocation of Sarconi in ItalySarconiSarconi (Basilicata) | |
| Coordinates: 40°15′N 15°53′E / 40.250°N 15.883°E / 40.250; 15.883 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Basilicata |
| Province | Potenza (PZ) |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Cesare Marte |
| Area | |
| Total | 30 km2 (10 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 636 m (2,087 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2010) | |
| Total | 1,392 |
| Density | 46/km2 (120/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Sarconesi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 85040 |
| Dialing code | 0975 |
| Patron saint | St. Anthony of Padua |
| Website | Official website |


title: Cahiers d'Études Africaines

abstract: The Cahiers d'Études Africaines is a peer-reviewed open access academic journal covering topics in the social sciences as relating to Africa, the West Indies, and the African diaspora. It publishes regular special theme issues on specific regions, problems, or the state of a discipline. The Cahiers d'Études Africaines was established in 1960 and is published by the Editions de l'EHESS, in collaboration with the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and the Centre national du livre.

text:
# Cahiers d'Études Africaines

The ***Cahiers d'Études Africaines*** is a peer-reviewed open access academic journal covering topics in the social sciences as relating to Africa, the West Indies, and the African diaspora. It publishes regular special theme issues on specific regions, problems, or the state of a discipline. The *Cahiers d'Études Africaines* was established in 1960 and is published by the Editions de l'EHESS, in collaboration with the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and the Centre national du livre.

## InfoBox

*Cahiers d'Études Africaines*
| Discipline | African studies |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English, French |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1960-present |
| Publisher | Éditions EHESS (France) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Cah. Études Afr.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 0008-0055 (print)
1777-5353 (web)
 |
| LCCN | sn86012778 |
| JSTOR | 00080055 |
| OCLC no. | 174145640 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Saskatchewan Highway 306

abstract: Highway 306 is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Highway 6 to Highway 35. The highway passes near the communities of Estlin, Gray, Riceton, Bechard, Lewvan, and Colfax and intersects Highway 621 near Lewvan. It is about 67 kilometres (42 mi) long.

text:
# Saskatchewan Highway 306

**Highway 306** is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Highway 6 to Highway 35.

The highway passes near the communities of Estlin, Gray, Riceton, Bechard, Lewvan, and Colfax and intersects Highway 621 near Lewvan. It is about 67 kilometres (42 mi) long.

## InfoBox

| Highway 306 | |
| --- | --- |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by Ministry of Highways and Infrastructure | |
| Length | 66.8 km (41.5 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | Highway 6 near Estlin |
| East end | Highway 35 near Cedoux |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Saskatchewan |
| Rural municipalities | Bratt's Lake, Lajord, Scott, Wellington |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| Highway 305   Highway 307 | |


title: Sarita Kumari Giri

abstract: Sarita Kumari Giri is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Nepal Communist Party currently serving as the member of the 1st Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2017 Nepalese general election she was elected as a proportional representative from Madheshi category.

text:
# Sarita Kumari Giri

**Sarita Kumari Giri** is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Nepal Communist Party currently serving as the member of the 1st Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2017 Nepalese general election she was elected as a proportional representative from Madheshi category.

## InfoBox

| Sarita Kumari Giri | |
| --- | --- |
| सरिता कुमारी गिरी | |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament, Pratinidhi Sabha for
CPN (UML) party list | |
| **In office**
4 March 2018  18 September 2022 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1973-09-03) September 3, 1973 |
| Nationality | Nepali |
| Political party | CPN (UML) |
|  | |


title: Sarita Mittfoss

abstract: Sarita Mittfoss is a Faroese footballer who plays as a defender and has appeared for the Faroe Islands women's national team.

text:
# Sarita Mittfoss

**Sarita Mittfoss** (born 4 September 1999) is a Faroese footballer who plays as a defender and has appeared for the Faroe Islands women's national team.

## Career

Mittfoss has been capped for the Faroe Islands national team, appearing for the team during the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup qualifying cycle.

## InfoBox

Sarita Mittfoss
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Sarita Maria Mittfoss | | |
| Date of birth | (1999-09-04) 4 September 1999 | | |
| Place of birth | Faroe Islands, | | |
| Height | 1.68 m (5 ft 6 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | HB | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2014-2017 | B36 | 43 | (10) |
| 2018 | HB | 19 | (0) |
| 2019 | B36 | 14 | (6) |
| 2020- | HB | 77 | (9) |
| International career | | | |
|  | Faroe Islands | 14 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 21 September 2023 (UTC)<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 21 September 2023 (UTC) | | | |


title: Caesar!

abstract: Caesar! is a set of British radio plays set in ancient Rome and written by Mike Walker for the Classic Serial strand. The first series was based on Suetonius's Lives of the Caesars - later series covered later emperors.

text:
# Caesar!

***Caesar!*** is a set of British radio plays set in ancient Rome and written by Mike Walker for the Classic Serial strand. The first series (premiered in 2003) was based on Suetonius's *Lives of the Caesars* \- later series covered later emperors.

## Series

### Series 1

1. Meeting at Formiae - 13 July 2003 - On Julius Caesar (David Troughton) and his dealings with Cicero (Anton Lesser) and Cato the Younger (Stephen Critchlow)
2. The Arena - 20 July 2003 - On the early career of Octavian (Adam Levy), also featuring Jasmine Hyde as Livia and with Richard Johnson as the remembering adult Augustus
3. Peeling Figs for Julius - 27 July 2003 - On Caligula (David Tennant), also featuring George Baker as Tiberius, whom he had previously played in *I, Claudius*.

### Series 2

1. The Best of Mothers - 17 July 2005 - On Nero (Jonathan Forbes) and his mother Agrippina the Younger (Frances Barber)
2. The Glass Ball Game - 24 July 2005 - On Hadrian (Jonathan Hyde) and his relationship with his lover Antinous (Andrew Garfield), his wife Sabina (Amanda Root) and the historian Suetonius (Jonathan Coy)
3. Citizens in a Great City - 31 July 2005 - On the reigns of Marcus Aurelius (Ronald Pickup), Commodus (Jim Sturgess) and Septimius Severus (Ray Fearon), also featuring Severus' wife Julia Domna (Helen McCrory).

### Series 3

1. Empress in the West - 25 February 2007 - On the life of Victoria (Barbara Flynn) and the Gallic Empire under the rule of Postumus (Danny Webb) and her son Victorinus (Sam Troughton)
2. The Maker of All Things - 4 March 2007 - On Constantine the Great (Sam Dale) and his son Crispus (Joseph Kloska), also featuring Constantine's second wife Fausta (Christine Kavanaugh)
3. An Empire Without End - 11 March 2007 - On Romulus Augustulus (Tom Hiddleston)

## Sources


title: Caesar's Camp

abstract:
Caesar's Camp is a name used for many Iron Age hill forts in England. These include:
  - Bedfordshire
  - Caesar's Camp near Sandy
  - Berkshire
  - Caesar's Camp, Bracknell Forest
  - Hampshire-Surrey border
  - Caesar's Camp, Rushmoor and Waverley, near Farnham
  - London
  - Caesar's Camp on Wimbledon Common
  - Caesar's Camp, a disappeared fort on the grounds of Holwood House, a country house in Keston, near Hayes, in the London Borough of Bromley
  - Somerset
  - Caesar's Camp, the former name of Bat's Castle, in the parish of Carhampton south south west of Dunster
  - Yorkshire
  - Caesar's Camp in Scholes Coppice, near Kimberworth in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham

text:
# Caesar's Camp

**Caesar's Camp** is a name used for many Iron Age hill forts in England.

These include:

Bedfordshire Berkshire Hampshire-Surrey border London * Caesar's Camp on Wimbledon Common
* Caesar's Camp, a disappeared fort on the grounds of Holwood House, a country house in Keston, near Hayes, in the London Borough of Bromley

Somerset * Caesar's Camp, the former name of Bat's Castle, in the parish of Carhampton south south west of Dunster

Yorkshire


title: Sasha Wortzel

abstract: Sasha Wortzel is an artist, filmmaker, educator, and activist, based in New York City. She is the writer, director, and producer of Happy Birthday, Marsha! with Tourmaline. She and Tourmaline raised over $25,000 on Kickstarter to fund the film. Wortzel co-created the documentary We Came to Sweat: The Legend of Starlite. The film concerns the community efforts to stop the eviction of the Starlite Lounge, the oldest black gay bar in Brooklyn. It was a highlight of the 2014 New York Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, & Transgender Film Festival. Wortzel's interactive artwork 42 Butter Lane (2011) was included in the 2014 exhibition Roaming House at A.I.R. Gallery. The exhibition, curated by Mira Schor, sought to update the 1972 feminist art installation Womanhouse.

text:
# Sasha Wortzel

**Sasha Wortzel** is an artist, filmmaker, educator, and activist, based in New York City. She is the writer, director, and producer of *Happy Birthday, Marsha!* with Tourmaline. She and Tourmaline raised over $25,000 on Kickstarter to fund the film.

Wortzel co-created the documentary *We Came to Sweat: The Legend of Starlite*. The film concerns the community efforts to stop the eviction of the Starlite Lounge, the oldest black gay bar in Brooklyn. It was a highlight of the 2014 New York Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, & Transgender Film Festival.

Wortzel's interactive artwork *42 Butter Lane* (2011) was included in the 2014 exhibition *Roaming House* at A.I.R. Gallery. The exhibition, curated by Mira Schor, sought to update the 1972 feminist art installation *Womanhouse*.


title: Samsung Galaxy SmartTag

abstract: Galaxy SmartTag is a key finder and object finder produced by Samsung Electronics. The device utilizes Bluetooth LE to allow the user to locate whatever object it is attached to via the SmartThings mobile app. The SmartTag & SmartTag plus were announced at Samsung's Galaxy Unpacked event on January 14, 2021, SmartTag was included with every Galaxy S21 for pre-order, and released on January 29, 2021. The SmartTag Plus announced again at Samsung Newsroom on April 8, 2021, and released on April 14th. On October 11, 2023, Samsung released the SmartTag2.

text:
# Samsung Galaxy SmartTag

**Galaxy SmartTag** is a key finder and object finder produced by Samsung Electronics. The device utilizes Bluetooth LE to allow the user to locate whatever object it is attached to via the SmartThings mobile app. The SmartTag & SmartTag plus were announced at Samsung's Galaxy Unpacked event on January 14, 2021, SmartTag was included with every Galaxy S21 for pre-order, and released on January 29, 2021. The SmartTag Plus announced again at Samsung Newsroom on April 8, 2021, and released on April 14th. On October 11, 2023, Samsung released the SmartTag2.

## Function

The Galaxy SmartTag is a tracking device which can be attached to various objects that are easily lost with a small strap (sold separately) or by other means, such as a keychain. Objects include keys, luggage, purses, among others. The device can then be located with SmartThings mobile app, using Bluetooth LE. Another variant, the Galaxy SmartTag+, uses ultra-wideband technology in order to locate the device and was released on April 16, 2021. Only limited phones, that are more recently produced, manufactured by Samsung supports such features. While the device is inside of the Bluetooth range (120 meters), it can play a ringtone using its inbuilt Piezoelectric speaker to alert the user of its exact location audibly, using a volume between 85 - 96 dB (unobstructed). If the device is outside of the Bluetooth LE range, the device can still be located using Samsung's SmartThings Find Network, which uses the internet connection and GPS location of other Samsung Galaxy phones in the area to anonymously pinpoint the location of the SmartTag to the owner. The device also has a programmable button that can be used to control SmartThings-compatible smart-home products.

The Samsung Galaxy SmartTag2 was released on October 11th of 2023. This is the second generation in the SmartTag lineup, and has been improved overall. The new design is better for keyrings, less thick, and not bulging in the middle. The louder speaker also allows for better audible clarity. It also features refreshed Bluetooth LE antennas, but still runs off of the same SmartThings Find Network. The longer battery life also allows it to be forgotten longer. A programmable NFC (Near Field Communications) tag also allows the owner to set a custom lost message with contact details and instructions.

The SmartThings Find Network allows Galaxy devices that have opted in, don't have airplane mode or data saver mode on, and are in Bluetooth range to anonymously send the location of the tracker to the owner. It all happens in the background, and anonymously, so it updates seamlessly.

## InfoBox

Samsung Galaxy SmartTag
| The first generation of the Galaxy SmartTag lineup, featuring several of the same AirTag features | |
| --- | --- |
| Manufacturer | Samsung |
| Type | Key finder |
| Generation | First generation of SmartTag lineup. |
| Release date | Announced on January 14, 2021 (2021-01-14) |
| Availability | SmartTag released since January 29, 2021 (2021-01-29). SmartTag Plus released since April 14, 2021 (2021-04-14).
SmartTag2 released since October 11, 2023 (2023-10-11). |
| Introductory price | US$29 for SmartTag; $39 for SmartTag+; $27 for SmartTag2 |
| Connectivity | Bluetooth Low Energy
Ultra-wideband |
| Power | CR2032 button cell |
| Online services | SmartThings Find network |
| Dimensions | 1.54 in (39 mm) x 1.54 in (39 mm)
Thickness: 0.39 in (9.9 mm)
 |
| Mass | 13 g (0.46 oz) |
| Website | SmartTag2 |


title: Enlightened moderation

abstract:
Enlightened moderation is a term coined by a former Pakistani president, Pervez Musharraf; it applies to practicing a moderate Islam, as opposed to the interpretations of fundamentalist Islam. To think properly as to rationalize thoughts, to be on the positive side of life and to prefer optimism, the theory goes, is to be against extremism. The strategy of enlightened moderation was unveiled by Musharraf during the 2002 OIC Summit Conference in Malaysia. Musharraf explained his position in an opinion piece that was published in various newspapers in 2004. His plan for enlightened moderation has two sides. It calls "for the Muslim world to shun militancy and extremism and adopt the path of socioeconomic uplift" and "for the West, and the United States in particular, to seek to resolve all political disputes with justice and to aid in the socioeconomic betterment of the deprived Muslim world". Musharraf pointed out that moderation and enlightenment have been the traits of the Islamic world since the times of Muhammad. Musharraf wrote:
I say to my brother Muslims: The time for renaissance has come. The way forward is through enlightenment. We must concentrate on human resource development through the alleviation of poverty and through education, health care and social justice. If this is our direction, it cannot be achieved through confrontation. We must adopt a path of moderation and a conciliatory approach to fight the common belief that Islam is a religion of militancy in conflict with modernization, democracy and secularism. All this must be done with a realization that, in the world we live in, fairness does not always rule.

text:
# Enlightened moderation

**Enlightened moderation** is a term coined by a former Pakistani president, Pervez Musharraf; it applies to practicing a moderate Islam, as opposed to the interpretations of fundamentalist Islam.

To think properly as to rationalize thoughts, to be on the positive side of life and to prefer optimism, the theory goes, is to be against extremism.

The strategy of enlightened moderation was unveiled by Musharraf during the 2002 OIC Summit Conference in Malaysia.

Musharraf explained his position in an opinion piece that was published in various newspapers in 2004. His plan for enlightened moderation has two sides. It calls "for the Muslim world to shun militancy and extremism and adopt the path of socioeconomic uplift" and "for the West, and the United States in particular, to seek to resolve all political disputes with justice and to aid in the socioeconomic betterment of the deprived Muslim world".

Musharraf pointed out that moderation and enlightenment have been the traits of the Islamic world since the times of Muhammad.

Musharraf wrote:

> I say to my brother Muslims: The time for renaissance has come. The way forward is through enlightenment. We must concentrate on human resource development through the alleviation of poverty and through education, health care and social justice. If this is our direction, it cannot be achieved through confrontation. We must adopt a path of moderation and a conciliatory approach to fight the common belief that Islam is a religion of militancy in conflict with modernization, democracy and secularism. All this must be done with a realization that, in the world we live in, fairness does not always rule.

## Criticism

Fundamentalist Islamic organizations have criticized Musharraf's vision of enlightened moderation. The Jamaat-e-Islami condemns it as a neologism for Westernization and American imperialism. Islam is innately a religion of enlightened moderation, they argue, and needs no Westernized amendments. Masooda Bano points out that the US is not likely to "suddenly metamorphose into a benevolent entity, which will 'resolve all political disputes with justice.'"

## References and notes

## Further reading

* Compare and contrast to "Enlightened Underdevelopment." 1994. The Spirit and Power of Place: Human Environment and Sacrality: Essays Dedicated to Yi-Fu Tuan. In Rana P.B. Singh (ed.). Pps: 87-100. Varanasi, India: NGSI Publications No. 41. Concurrently published under same title in National Geographical Journal of India 40,1-4:87-100.


title: Oxymeris areolata

abstract: Oxymeris areolata, common name : the dark-spotted auger, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Terebridae, the auger snails.

text:
# Oxymeris areolata

***Oxymeris areolata***, common name : the **dark-spotted auger**, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Terebridae, the auger snails.

## Description

The shell size varies between 65 mm and 182 mm.

## Distribution

This species is distributed in the Red Sea, in the Indian Ocean along Durban, South Africa, and in the Pacific Ocean along Hawaii.

* Bratcher T. & Cernohorsky W.O. (1987). *Living terebras of the world. A monograph of the recent Terebridae of the world*. American Malacologists, Melbourne, Florida & Burlington, Massachusetts. 240pp
* Terryn Y. (2007). *Terebridae: A Collectors Guide*. Conchbooks & NaturalArt. 59pp + plates

* "*Terebra areolata*". *Gastropods.com*. Retrieved 30 March 2011.

Media related to Oxymeris areolata at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| *Oxymeris areolata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Terebridae |
| Genus: | *Oxymeris* |
| Species: | ***O. areolata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oxymeris areolata***<br>(Link, 1807) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Acus areolatus* (Link, 1807) * *Subula areolata* (Link, 1807) * *Terebra areolata* (Link, 1807) * *Vertagus areolatus* Link, 1807 (basionym) | |


title: Eleanor Sherman Font

abstract: Eleanor Sherman Font was hired as prints curator at the Hispanic Society of America before expanding into iconography. She was one of six women chosen by Archer Milton Huntington to deepen their knowledge in art curation for the Society after graduating from library sciences programs. Her great-grandfather is Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, founder of the American School for the Deaf in Hartford. She was deaf and volunteered for deaf causes throughout her life. During her life, she participated in services at St. Ann's Church for Deaf-Mutes, where she "sang" in American Sign Language with others in the choir.

text:
# Eleanor Sherman Font

**Eleanor Sherman Font** (May 31, 1896-Sept. 8, 1982) was hired as prints curator at the Hispanic Society of America before expanding into iconography. She was one of six women chosen by Archer Milton Huntington to deepen their knowledge in art curation for the Society after graduating from library sciences programs. Her great-grandfather is Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, founder of the American School for the Deaf in Hartford. She was deaf and volunteered for deaf causes throughout her life. During her life, she participated in services at St. Ann's Church for Deaf-Mutes, where she "sang" in American Sign Language with others in the choir.


title: Eleanor Sherman Thackara

abstract: Eleanor Mary Sherman Thackara (1859–1915), is most known as the daughter of Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman of American Civil War fame and his wife, Ellen Ewing Sherman. Married to a diplomat, she spent a good deal of her time in Europe.

text:
# Eleanor Sherman Thackara

**Eleanor Mary Sherman Thackara** (1859–1915), is most known as the daughter of Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman of American Civil War fame and his wife, Ellen Ewing Sherman. Married to a diplomat, she spent a good deal of her time in Europe.

## Early life

### Childhood

Known as Ellie, she was one of eight children. She grew up during the Civil War. Her mother, Ellen Ewing Sherman, was a cousin of Mother Angela Gillespie, directress of St. Mary's Academy in South Bend, Indiana. In 1864, Ellen Sherman took up temporary residence in South Bend, in order to have her young children educated at St. Mary's and Notre Dame du Lac.

In 1879 and at the age of 20, Thackara met Alexander Montgomery Thackara in Washington, D. C. The two began a courtship that lasted a year before their marriage on May 5, 1880, at her parents' home in Washington, D.C.

### Family

In 1881, the Lt. Thackara left military service, moving to Philadelphia with Thackara to join the family business . While there, the couple spent three years in the town of Rosemont where Thackara gave birth to four children, Alexander Montgomery "Mont", William Sherman "Sherman", Elizabeth, and Eleanor. Thackara was also mentioned in the *New York Evangelist* as an upcoming writer as she weighed in on the idea of training schools in Philadelphia, but little else is known about her career in writing.

## Later life

### Philanthropy

In 1897, Mr. Thackara was appointed by President William McKinley to serve as US Consul in Le Havre, France, moving the entire family overseas. He also served as Consul General in Berlin from 1905 to 1913. While living in France, she served with the Red Cross in Paris, and received awards for her work in the organization. She was elected President of the American Women's Club, a social organization.

### Death

In 1913, Eleanor and Thackara returned to Paris when President Woodrow Wilson appointed the Lieutenant as Consul General once again. She died two years after their return on July 18, 1915. She was survived by her four children and her husband Alexander.


title: Elasmia cave

abstract: Elasmia cave is a species of moth of the family Notodontidae. It occurs in New Mexico, and Texas, United States, and possibly Mexico. Adults are on wing from April to early October.

text:
# Elasmia cave

***Elasmia cave*** is a species of moth of the family Notodontidae. It occurs in New Mexico, and Texas, United States, and possibly Mexico. Adults are on wing from April to early October.

## Etymology

CAVE is the acronym, used by the U.S. National Park Service for Carlsbad Caverns National Park. The specific name of this species, cave, refers to the type locality, Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

## InfoBox

| *Elasmia cave* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Male | |
|  | |
| Female | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Notodontidae |
| Genus: | *Elasmia* |
| Species: | ***E. cave*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Elasmia cave***<br>Metzler, 2011 | |
|


title: Elasmia

abstract: Elasmia is a genus of moths of the family Notodontidae.

text:
# Elasmia

***Elasmia*** is a genus of moths of the family Notodontidae.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Elasmia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Male Elasmia cave | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Notodontidae |
| Subfamily: | Nystaleinae |
| Genus: | *Elasmia*<br>Möschler, 1886 |
|


title: Prussian P 6

abstract:
The Prussian Class P 6s were passenger locomotives operated by the Prussian state railways with a leading axle and three coupled axles. The P 6 was conceived as a so-called universal locomotive. The first vehicle was manufactured in 1902 at Düsseldorf by the firm of Hohenzollern. This engine has a number of features that are characteristic of its designer, Robert Garbe: a narrow chimney located well forward and the unusual position of the boiler. As a result, and in spite of the relatively small, 1,600 mm (62.99 in) diameter, driving wheels, the locomotives were authorised to travel at up to 90 km/h (56 mph), a speed which could not be attained in practice due to its poor riding qualities. The smokebox superheater installed on the first machines was soon replaced by a smoke tube superheater. In all, 275 engines of this class were built up to 1910. 110 examples had to be handed over after the First World War as reparations: 44 to Poland, 24 to Belgium, 19 to France, 9 to Italy, 6 to Lithuania, 4 to Latvia and 4 to the Territory of the Saar Basin (2101–2104). 163 locomotives were taken over by the Deutsche Reichsbahn as DRG Class 37.0-1, where they were allocated the running numbers 37 001 to 37 163. In 1935 the four Saar locomotives were incorporated into the DRG fleet as 37 164 to 37 167. The locomotives with numbers 37 201–206 were, by contrast, G 6 and P 6 class engines respectively of Lübeck-Büchen Railway (LBE), that had a different design from the Prussian locomotives. The Prussian P 6s were retired by about 1950. The few engines left after the Second World War were no longer employed by the Deutsche Bundesbahn and the Reichsbahn. The locomotives taken over by the Polish State Railways (PKP) were given the designation Oi1.
One of them has been preserved and can be viewed in the Warsaw Railway Museum.
The engines were equipped with Prussian tenders of class pr 2'2' T 16.

text:
# Prussian P 6

The **Prussian Class P 6**s were passenger locomotives operated by the Prussian state railways with a leading axle and three coupled axles.

The P 6 was conceived as a so-called universal locomotive. The first vehicle was manufactured in 1902 at Düsseldorf by the firm of Hohenzollern. This engine has a number of features that are characteristic of its designer, Robert Garbe: a narrow chimney located well forward and the unusual position of the boiler. As a result, and in spite of the relatively small, 1,600 mm (62.99 in) diameter, driving wheels (on the prototype they were only 1,500 mm or 59.06 in), the locomotives were authorised to travel at up to 90 km/h (56 mph), a speed which could not be attained in practice due to its poor riding qualities.

The smokebox superheater installed on the first machines was soon replaced by a smoke tube superheater. In all, 275 engines of this class were built up to 1910. 110 examples had to be handed over after the First World War as reparations: 44 to Poland (PKP Oi1), 24 to Belgium, 19 to France (16 to the Nord (3.1551–3.1566), 3 to Alsace-Lorraine), 9 to Italy (FS 626), 6 to Lithuania, 4 to Latvia and 4 to the Territory of the Saar Basin (2101–2104). 163 locomotives were taken over by the Deutsche Reichsbahn as **DRG Class 37.0-1**, where they were allocated the running numbers 37 001 to 37 163. In 1935 the four Saar locomotives were incorporated into the DRG fleet as 37 164 to 37 167.

The locomotives with numbers 37 201–206 were, by contrast, G 6 and P 6 class engines respectively of Lübeck-Büchen Railway (LBE), that had a different design from the Prussian locomotives.

The Prussian P 6s were retired by about 1950. The few engines left after the Second World War were no longer employed by the Deutsche Bundesbahn and the Reichsbahn.

The locomotives taken over by the Polish State Railways (PKP) were given the designation Oi1. One of them has been preserved and can be viewed in the Warsaw Railway Museum. The engines were equipped with Prussian tenders of class pr 2'2' T 16.

* Weisbrod, Manfred (1991). *Dampflokomotiven deutscher Eisenbahnen, Von Privatbahnen zur DRG (EFA 1.5)* (in German). Düsseldorf: Alba. p. 35. ISBN 3-87094-139-1.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Prussian P 6
DRG Class 37.0–1
PKP Oi1 | |
| --- | --- |
| Oi1-29 ex 37 171 | |
| Type and origin  Builder Hohenzollern, Schwartzkopff  Build date 1902–1910  Total produced 275 | |
| Specifications  Configuration:
   Whyte 2-6-0  Gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) standard gauge  Leading dia. 1,000 mm (39.37 in)  Driver dia. 1,600 mm (62.99 in)  Length:
   Over beams 17,608 mm (57 ft 9+14 in)  Axle load 15.2 t (15.0 long tons; 16.8 short tons)  Adhesive weight 44.6 t (43.9 long tons; 49.2 short tons)  Service weight 57.1 t (56.2 long tons; 62.9 short tons)  Water cap. 16.0 m3 (3,500 imp gal; 4,200 US gal)  Boiler pressure 12 bar (1,200 kPa; 170 psi)  Heating surface:   Firebox 2.28 m2 (24.5 sq ft)  Evaporative 134.93 m2 (1,452.4 sq ft)  Superheater:
   Heating area 41.91 m2 (451.1 sq ft)  Cylinders 2  Cylinder size 540 mm (21.26 in)  Piston stroke 630 mm (24.80 in) | |
| Performance figures  Maximum speed 90 km/h (56 mph)  Indicated power 755 kW (1,012 hp) | |
| Career  Numbers DRG 37 001–163  Retired about 1950 | |


title: Elaphria deltoides

abstract: Elaphria deltoides is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Elaphria deltoides is 9679.1.

text:
# Elaphria deltoides

***Elaphria deltoides*** is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America.

The MONA or Hodges number for *Elaphria deltoides* is 9679.1.

## Further reading

* Arnett, Ross H. Jr. (2000). *American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico*. Vol. 2nd Edition. CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0212-9.
* Capinera, John L., ed. (2008). *Encyclopedia of Entomology*. Springer. ISBN 978-1402062421.
* Grote, Aug.R.; Robinson, C.T. (1868). *List of the Lepidoptera of North America*. American Entomological Society.

## InfoBox

| *Elaphria deltoides* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | *Elaphria* |
| Species: | ***E. deltoides*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Elaphria deltoides***<br>(Möschler, 1880) | |
|


title: Pseudohyllisia laosensis

abstract: Pseudohyllisia laosensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1964.

text:
# Pseudohyllisia laosensis

***Pseudohyllisia laosensis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1964.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudohyllisia laosensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Pseudohyllisia*** |
| Species: | ***P. laosensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudohyllisia laosensis***<br>Breuning, 1964 | |
|


title: Pseudohyllisia

abstract:
Pseudohyllisia is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:
  - Pseudohyllisia bremeri Breuning, 1981
  - Pseudohyllisia laosensis Breuning, 1964
  - Pseudohyllisia madurensis Breuning, 1942

text:
# Pseudohyllisia

***Pseudohyllisia*** is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Pseudohyllisia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Subfamily: | Lamiinae |
| Genus: | ***Pseudohyllisia*** |
|


title: Elaphromyia magna

abstract: Elaphromyia magna is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Elaphromyia of the family Tephritidae.

text:
# Elaphromyia magna

***Elaphromyia magna*** is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus *Elaphromyia* of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Indonesia.

## InfoBox

| *Elaphromyia magna* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tephritidae |
| Subfamily: | Tephritinae |
| Tribe: | Tephrellini |
| Genus: | *Elaphromyia* |
| Species: | ***E. magna*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Elaphromyia magna***<br>Hardy, 1988 | |
|