# Results breakdown of the 1987 Spanish local elections (Aragon)

This is the results breakdown of the local elections held in Aragon on 10 June 1987. The following tables show detailed results in the autonomous community's most populous municipalities, sorted alphabetically.

## Overall

Councillor share for parties securing \>1.0% of councillors up for election.

PSOE (44.72%)  PAR (20.73%)  AP (17.86%)  CDS (8.65%)  CAA–IU (1.41%)  Other (6.63%)

 Summary of the 10 June 1987 municipal election results in Aragon
| Parties and alliances | | Popular vote | | | Councillors | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 255,985 | 40.26 | –6.49 | 1,933 | +62 |
|  | Regionalist Aragonese Party (PAR) | 129,370 | 20.35 | +4.79 | 896 | –220 |
|  | People's Alliance (AP)1 | 102,312 | 16.09 | –7.88 | 772 | –557 |
|  | Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 66,133 | 10.40 | +7.25 | 374 | +267 |
|  | Aragon Alternative Convergence–United Left (CAA–IU)2 | 34,355 | 5.40 | +1.40 | 61 | +19 |
|  | People's Democratic Party (PDP) | 5,684 | 0.89 | *New* | 40 | +40 |
|  | Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC) | 5,434 | 0.85 | *New* | 1 | +1 |
|  | Aragonese Union (UA–CHA) | 3,172 | 0.50 | *New* | 2 | +2 |
|  | Free Independents (IL) | 2,674 | 0.42 | –0.20 | 4 | –2 |
|  | Humanist Platform (PH) | 1,250 | 0.20 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Independent Candidacy for Utebo (CIPU) | 1,098 | 0.17 | *New* | 5 | +5 |
|  | Ejea Candidacy of Municipal Action (CEDAM) | 974 | 0.15 | *New* | 2 | +2 |
|  | Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) | 741 | 0.12 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Republican Popular Unity (UPR)3 | 720 | 0.11 | +0.07 | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Others | 12,810 | 2.01 |  | 232 | –120 |
| Blank ballots | | 13,077 | 2.06 | +1.90 |  | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Total | | 635,789 | 100.00 |  | 4,322 | –501 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 635,789 | 98.23 | –1.58 |  | |
| Invalid votes | | 11,482 | 1.77 | +1.58 | |
| Votes cast / turnout | | 647,271 | 69.70 | +4.39 | |
| Abstentions | | 281,318 | 30.30 | –4.39 | |
| Registered voters | | 928,589 |  | | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Sources | | | | | | |
| **Footnotes:** | | | | | | |

| Popular vote   PSOE  40.26%  PAR  20.35%  AP  16.09%  CDS  10.40%  CAA–IU  5.40%  Others  5.44%  Blank ballots  2.06% |
| --- |

## City control

The following table lists party control in the most populous municipalities, including provincial capitals (shown in **bold**). Gains for a party are displayed with the cell's background shaded in that party's colour.

| Municipality | Population | Previous control | | New control | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Calatayud | 17,824 |  | Regionalist Aragonese Party (PAR) |  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) (PAR in 1988) |
| **Huesca** | 40,736 |  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |
| **Teruel** | 27,226 |  | Regionalist Aragonese Party (PAR) |  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |
| **Zaragoza** | 573,662 |  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |

## Municipalities

### Calatayud

*Population: 17,824*

 Summary of the 10 June 1987 City Council of Calatayud election results
|  | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Parties and alliances | | Popular vote | | | Seats | |
| | Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 3,359 | 35.51 | –2.22 | **6** | –1 |
|  | Regionalist Aragonese Party (PAR) | 1,973 | 20.86 | –13.16 | **4** | –3 |
|  | Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 1,714 | 18.12 | +14.49 | **3** | +3 |
|  | People's Alliance (AP)1 | 1,044 | 11.04 | –2.32 | **2** | ±0 |
|  | Aragon Alternative Convergence–United Left (CAA–IU) | 656 | 6.94 | *New* | **1** | +1 |
|  | People's Democratic Party (PDP) | 540 | 5.71 | *New* | **1** | +1 |
|  | | | | | | |
|  | United Left of Aragon (MCALCR) | *n/a* | *n/a* | –7.64 | 0 | –1 |
| Blank ballots | | 173 | 1.83 | +1.83 |  | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Total | | 9,459 |  | | 17 | ±0 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 9,459 | 98.23 | –1.77 |  | |
| Invalid votes | | 170 | 1.77 | +1.77 | |
| Votes cast / turnout | | 9,629 | 68.46 | +3.89 | |
| Abstentions | | 4,437 | 31.54 | –3.89 | |
| Registered voters | | 14,066 |  | | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Sources | | | | | | |
| **Footnotes:** | | | | | | |

### Huesca

*Population: 40,736*

 Summary of the 10 June 1987 City Council of Huesca election results
|  | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Parties and alliances | | Popular vote | | | Seats | |
| | Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 8,202 | 39.30 | –6.28 | **10** | –1 |
|  | People's Alliance (AP)1 | 4,453 | 21.34 | –15.62 | **5** | –4 |
|  | Regionalist Aragonese Party (PAR) | 3,229 | 15.47 | +10.23 | **4** | +3 |
|  | Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 2,311 | 11.07 | +6.53 | **2** | +2 |
|  | | | | | | |
|  | Aragon Alternative Convergence–United Left (CAA–IU)2 | 980 | 4.70 | –0.29 | 0 | ±0 |
|  | People's Democratic Party (PDP) | 582 | 2.79 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Aragonese Union (UA–CHA) | 470 | 2.25 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC) | 247 | 1.18 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Humanist Platform (PH) | 70 | 0.34 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Republican Popular Unity (UPR) | 37 | 0.18 | +0.14 | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | | 289 | 1.38 | +1.38 |  | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Total | | 20,870 |  | | 21 | ±0 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 20,870 | 98.56 | –1.44 |  | |
| Invalid votes | | 305 | 1.44 | +1.44 | |
| Votes cast / turnout | | 21,175 | 68.50 | +4.83 | |
| Abstentions | | 9,736 | 31.50 | –4.83 | |
| Registered voters | | 30,911 |  | | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Sources | | | | | | |
| **Footnotes:** | | | | | | |

### Teruel

*Population: 27,226*

 Summary of the 10 June 1987 City Council of Teruel election results
|  | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Parties and alliances | | Popular vote | | | Seats | |
| | Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 4,033 | 28.43 | –1.19 | **7** | ±0 |
|  | People's Alliance (AP)1 | 3,840 | 27.07 | –3.76 | **6** | –1 |
|  | Free Independents (IL) | 2,674 | 18.85 | –8.68 | **4** | –2 |
|  | Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 1,367 | 9.63 | +7.07 | **2** | +2 |
|  | Regionalist Aragonese Party (PAR) | 1,100 | 7.75 | +1.91 | **2** | +1 |
|  | | | | | | |
|  | People's Democratic Party (PDP) | 455 | 3.21 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Aragon Alternative Convergence–United Left (CAA–IU)2 | 352 | 2.48 | +0.61 | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Aragonese Union (UA–CHA) | 75 | 0.53 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Humanist Platform (PH) | 40 | 0.28 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | | 252 | 1.78 | +1.78 |  | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Total | | 14,188 |  | | 21 | ±0 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 14,188 | 99.00 | –1.00 |  | |
| Invalid votes | | 143 | 1.00 | +1.00 | |
| Votes cast / turnout | | 14,331 | 69.01 | +3.49 | |
| Abstentions | | 6,437 | 30.99 | –3.49 | |
| Registered voters | | 20,768 |  | | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Sources | | | | | | |
| **Footnotes:** | | | | | | |

### Zaragoza

*Population: 573,662*

 Summary of the 10 June 1987 City Council of Zaragoza election results
|  | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Parties and alliances | | Popular vote | | | Seats | |
| | Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 111,102 | 38.68 | –13.68 | **13** | –5 |
|  | Regionalist Aragonese Party (PAR) | 66,296 | 23.08 | +9.75 | **8** | +4 |
|  | People's Alliance (AP)1 | 42,901 | 14.93 | –7.32 | **5** | –3 |
|  | Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 30,831 | 10.73 | +7.58 | **3** | +3 |
|  | Aragon Alternative Convergence–United Left (CAA–IU)2 | 20,650 | 7.19 | +1.76 | **2** | +1 |
|  | | | | | | |
|  | Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC) | 4,733 | 1.65 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Aragonese Union (UA–CHA) | 2,170 | 0.76 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | People's Democratic Party (PDP) | 1,697 | 0.59 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Humanist Platform (PH) | 1,140 | 0.40 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) | 741 | 0.26 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Republican Popular Unity (UPR)3 | 683 | 0.24 | +0.14 | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | | 4,317 | 1.50 | +1.50 |  | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Total | | 287,261 |  | | 31 | ±0 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 287,261 | 98.64 | –1.36 |  | |
| Invalid votes | | 3,967 | 1.36 | +1.36 | |
| Votes cast / turnout | | 291,228 | 66.83 | +5.07 | |
| Abstentions | | 144,536 | 33.17 | –5.07 | |
| Registered voters | | 435,764 |  | | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Sources | | | | | | |
| **Footnotes:** | | | | | | |


# Results breakdown of the 1987 Spanish local elections (Balearic Islands)

This is the results breakdown of the local elections held in the Balearic Islands on 10 June 1987. The following tables show detailed results in the autonomous community's most populous municipalities, sorted alphabetically.

## Overall

Councillor share for parties securing \>1.0% of councillors up for election.

APPL (33.33%)  PSOE (24.69%)  UM (15.06%)  CDS (7.65%)  PSM–EN (3.33%)  PDP (2.47%)  PSM–EU (1.23%)  CP (1.11%)  Other (11.13%)

 Summary of the 10 June 1987 municipal election results in the Balearic Islands
| Parties and alliances | | Popular vote | | | Councillors | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|  | People's AllianceLiberal Party (AP–PL)1 | 108,296 | 32.16 | –1.41 | 270 | +12 |
|  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 104,952 | 31.17 | –2.61 | 200 | –2 |
|  | Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 35,186 | 10.45 | +8.82 | 62 | +54 |
|  | Majorcan Union (UM)2 | 32,218 | 9.57 | –3.08 | 122 | –23 |
|  | Socialist Party of Majorca–Nationalist Left (PSM–EN)3 | 13,014 | 3.86 | –0.94 | 27 | –10 |
|  | People's Democratic Party (PDP) | 7,563 | 2.25 | *New* | 20 | +20 |
|  | United Left (EU–IU)4 | 6,582 | 1.95 | –0.48 | 1 | –4 |
|  | Agreement of the Left of Menorca (PSMEU)5 | 3,640 | 1.08 | +0.08 | 10 | +3 |
|  | Pobleran Convergence (CP) | 3,234 | 0.96 | –0.09 | 9 | ±0 |
|  | Campaneran Union (UC) | 1,717 | 0.51 | –0.22 | 6 | –2 |
|  | Independent Progressive Candidacy (CPIBCMS) | 1,232 | 0.37 | +0.22 | 7 | +4 |
|  | Independents of Artà (IA) | 1,220 | 0.36 | –0.06 | 5 | ±0 |
|  | Independent Sineueran People (SI) | 963 | 0.29 | –0.04 | 7 | ±0 |
|  | Farmers of Petra Group (AA–P) | 910 | 0.27 | –0.03 | 6 | ±0 |
|  | Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC) | 745 | 0.22 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Calvianeran Union (UC) | 569 | 0.17 | *New* | 1 | +1 |
|  | Independent Group of Formentera (GIF) | 564 | 0.17 | *New* | 3 | +3 |
|  | Townspeople (GPL) | 537 | 0.16 | *New* | 1 | +1 |
|  | Independent Group of Sancelles (GIS) | 510 | 0.15 | +0.02 | 5 | +1 |
|  | Independent Candidacy of Petra (CIP) | 414 | 0.12 | +0.03 | 2 | ±0 |
|  | Independent Manacorí Group (AMI) | 402 | 0.12 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Humanist Platform (PH) | 344 | 0.10 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Others | 8,326 | 2.47 |  | 49 | –55 |
| Blank ballots | | 3,579 | 1.06 | +1.06 |  | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Total | | 336,767 | 100.00 |  | 810 | +6 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 336,767 | 98.68 | –1.32 |  | |
| Invalid votes | | 4,487 | 1.32 | +1.32 | |
| Votes cast / turnout | | 341,254 | 67.17 | +3.69 | |
| Abstentions | | 166,700 | 32.83 | –3.69 | |
| Registered voters | | 507,954 |  | | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Sources | | | | | | |
| **Footnotes:** | | | | | | |

| Popular vote   APPL  32.16%  PSOE  31.17%  CDS  10.45%  UM  9.57%  PSM–EN  3.86%  PDP  2.25%  EU–IU  1.95%  PSM–EU  1.08%  Others  6.84%  Blank ballots  1.06% |
| --- |

## City control

The following table lists party control in the most populous municipalities, including provincial capitals (shown in **bold**). Gains for a party are displayed with the cell's background shaded in that party's colour.

| Municipality | Population | Previous control | | New control | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ciutadella de Menorca | 18,905 |  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |
| Ibiza | 27,384 |  | People's AllianceLiberal Party (AP–PL) |  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) (PP in 1989) |
| Inca | 21,701 |  | Majorcan Union (UM) |  | Majorcan Union (UM) |
| Llucmajor | 15,505 |  | People's AllianceLiberal Party (AP–PL) |  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |
| Manacor | 24,345 |  | People's AllianceLiberal Party (AP–PL) |  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |
| Maó-Mahón | 21,627 |  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |
| **Palma** | 295,136 |  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |
| Santa Eulària des Riu | 14,059 |  | People's AllianceLiberal Party (AP–PL) |  | People's AllianceLiberal Party (AP–PL) |

## Municipalities

### Calvià

### Ciutadella de Menorca

*Population: 18,905*

 Summary of the 10 June 1987 City Council of Ciutadella de Menorca election results
|  | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Parties and alliances | | Popular vote | | | Seats | |
| | Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|  | People's AllianceLiberal Party (AP–PL)1 | 3,626 | 40.27 | +6.97 | **7** | +1 |
|  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 3,311 | 36.77 | +7.17 | **7** | +1 |
|  | Agreement of the Left of Menorca (PSMEU) | 1,090 | 12.10 | –4.80 | **2** | –1 |
|  | Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 827 | 9.18 | +6.24 | **1** | +1 |
|  | | | | | | |
|  | Independents (INDEP) | *n/a* | *n/a* | –12.55 | 0 | –2 |
| Blank ballots | | 151 | 1.68 | +1.68 |  | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Total | | 9,005 |  | | 17 | ±0 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 9,005 | 99.52 | –0.48 |  | |
| Invalid votes | | 43 | 0.48 | +0.48 | |
| Votes cast / turnout | | 9,048 | 65.44 | –0.24 | |
| Abstentions | | 4,779 | 34.56 | +0.24 | |
| Registered voters | | 13,827 |  | | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Sources | | | | | | |
| **Footnotes:** | | | | | | |

### Ibiza

*Population: 27,384*

 Summary of the 10 June 1987 City Council of Ibiza election results
|  | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Parties and alliances | | Popular vote | | | Seats | |
| | Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 4,243 | 42.43 | –0.13 | **9** | –1 |
|  | People's AllianceLiberal Party (AP–PL)1 | 3,948 | 39.48 | –3.66 | **9** | –1 |
|  | Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 1,299 | 12.99 | *New* | **3** | +3 |
|  | | | | | | |
|  | United Left (EU–IU) | 407 | 4.07 | +0.43 | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Liberal Democratic Party (PDL) | *n/a* | *n/a* | –7.52 | 0 | –1 |
| Blank ballots | | 102 | 1.02 | +1.02 |  | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Total | | 9,999 |  | | 21 | ±0 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 9,999 | 98.75 | –1.25 |  | |
| Invalid votes | | 127 | 1.25 | +1.25 | |
| Votes cast / turnout | | 10,126 | 53.59 | +2.81 | |
| Abstentions | | 8,768 | 46.41 | –2.81 | |
| Registered voters | | 18,894 |  | | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Sources | | | | | | |
| **Footnotes:** | | | | | | |

### Inca

*Population: 21,701*

 Summary of the 10 June 1987 City Council of Inca election results
|  | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Parties and alliances | | Popular vote | | | Seats | |
| | Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|  | Majorcan Union (UM) | 4,751 | 45.60 | –4.21 | **11** | –1 |
|  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 2,545 | 24.43 | +4.70 | **6** | +2 |
|  | People's AllianceLiberal Party (AP–PL)1 | 1,348 | 12.94 | –2.47 | **3** | ±0 |
|  | Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 681 | 6.54 | +4.72 | **1** | +1 |
|  | | | | | | |
|  | Socialist Party of Majorca–Nationalist Left (PSM–EN) | 388 | 3.72 | –3.28 | 0 | –1 |
|  | United Left (EU–IU)2 | 316 | 3.03 | –3.20 | 0 | –1 |
|  | People's Democratic Party (PDP) | 240 | 2.30 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | | 75 | 0.72 | +0.72 |  | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Total | | 10,419 |  | | 21 | ±0 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 10,419 | 99.10 | –0.90 |  | |
| Invalid votes | | 95 | 0.90 | +0.90 | |
| Votes cast / turnout | | 10,514 | 74.61 | +9.22 | |
| Abstentions | | 3,578 | 25.39 | –9.22 | |
| Registered voters | | 14,092 |  | | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Sources | | | | | | |
| **Footnotes:** | | | | | | |

### Llucmajor

*Population: 15,505*

 Summary of the 10 June 1987 City Council of Llucmajor election results
|  | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Parties and alliances | | Popular vote | | | Seats | |
| | Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 3,159 | 39.91 | –0.25 | **7** | ±0 |
|  | People's AllianceLiberal Party (AP–PL)1 | 2,459 | 31.06 | –3.88 | **6** | ±0 |
|  | Majorcan Union (UM) | 660 | 8.34 | –13.06 | **1** | –3 |
|  | People's Democratic Party (PDP) | 489 | 6.18 | *New* | **1** | +1 |
|  | Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 488 | 6.16 | *New* | **1** | +1 |
|  | Socialist Party of Majorca–Nationalist Left (PSM–EN) | 426 | 5.38 | *New* | **1** | +1 |
|  | | | | | | |
|  | United Left (EU–IU)2 | 168 | 2.12 | –1.38 | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | | 67 | 0.85 | +0.85 |  | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Total | | 7,916 |  | | 17 | ±0 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 7,916 | 98.74 | –1.26 |  | |
| Invalid votes | | 101 | 1.26 | +1.26 | |
| Votes cast / turnout | | 8,017 | 68.86 | +6.74 | |
| Abstentions | | 3,622 | 31.12 | –6.74 | |
| Registered voters | | 11,639 |  | | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Sources | | | | | | |
| **Footnotes:** | | | | | | |

### Manacor

*Population: 24,345*

 Summary of the 10 June 1987 City Council of Manacor election results
|  | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Parties and alliances | | Popular vote | | | Seats | |
| | Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|  | People's AllianceLiberal Party (AP–PL)1 | 3,831 | 32.16 | –0.16 | **8** | +1 |
|  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 3,240 | 27.19 | +6.65 | **7** | +2 |
|  | Independent Democratic Candidacy–Socialist Party of Majorca (CDI–PSM)2 | 1,340 | 11.25 | –14.33 | **2** | –3 |
|  | Majorcan Union (UM) | 1,283 | 10.77 | –5.77 | **2** | –2 |
|  | Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 1,205 | 10.11 | +7.03 | **2** | +2 |
|  | | | | | | |
|  | Independent Manacorí Group (AMI) | 402 | 3.37 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | People's Democratic Party (PDP) | 251 | 2.11 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | United Left (EU–IU)3 | 231 | 1.94 | +0.45 | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | | 131 | 1.10 | +1.10 |  | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Total | | 11,914 |  | | 21 | ±0 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 11,914 | 99.18 | –0.82 |  | |
| Invalid votes | | 98 | 0.82 | +0.82 | |
| Votes cast / turnout | | 12,012 | 63.71 | +2.47 | |
| Abstentions | | 6,842 | 36.29 | –2.47 | |
| Registered voters | | 18,854 |  | | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Sources | | | | | | |
| **Footnotes:** | | | | | | |

### Maó-Mahón

*Population: 21,627*

 Summary of the 10 June 1987 City Council of Maó-Mahón election results
|  | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Parties and alliances | | Popular vote | | | Seats | |
| | Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 4,090 | 41.86 | –13.00 | **9** | –3 |
|  | People's AllianceLiberal Party (AP–PL)1 | 3,423 | 35.03 | +3.39 | **8** | +1 |
|  | Agreement of the Left of Menorca (PSMEU)2 | 1,189 | 12.17 | –1.34 | **2** | ±0 |
|  | Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 938 | 9.60 | *New* | **2** | +2 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Blank ballots | | 131 | 1.34 | +1.34 |  | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Total | | 9,771 |  | | 21 | ±0 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 9,771 | 98.26 | –1.74 |  | |
| Invalid votes | | 173 | 1.74 | +1.74 | |
| Votes cast / turnout | | 9,944 | 61.03 | +4.80 | |
| Abstentions | | 6,349 | 38.97 | –4.80 | |
| Registered voters | | 16,293 |  | | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Sources | | | | | | |
| **Footnotes:** | | | | | | |

### Palma

*Population: 295,136*

 Summary of the 10 June 1987 City Council of Palma election results
|  | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Parties and alliances | | Popular vote | | | Seats | |
| | Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 51,183 | 38.45 | –7.18 | **12** | –2 |
|  | People's AllianceLiberal Party (AP–PL)1 | 43,493 | 32.67 | –4.02 | **10** | –1 |
|  | Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 15,760 | 11.84 | +9.81 | **3** | +3 |
|  | Majorcan Union (UM) | 8,739 | 6.56 | –1.20 | **2** | ±0 |
|  | | | | | | |
|  | Socialist Party of Majorca–Nationalist Left (PSM–EN) | 5,526 | 4.15 | +0.14 | 0 | ±0 |
|  | United Left (EU–IU)2 | 4,777 | 3.59 | +0.45 | 0 | ±0 |
|  | People's Democratic Party (PDP) | 896 | 0.67 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC) | 745 | 0.56 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Humanist Platform (PH) | 344 | 0.26 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | | 1,658 | 1.25 | +1.25 |  | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Total | | 133,121 |  | | 27 | ±0 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 133,121 | 98.23 | –1.77 |  | |
| Invalid votes | | 2,405 | 1.77 | +1.77 | |
| Votes cast / turnout | | 135,526 | 61.70 | +3.61 | |
| Abstentions | | 84,141 | 38.30 | –3.61 | |
| Registered voters | | 219,667 |  | | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Sources | | | | | | |
| **Footnotes:** | | | | | | |

### Santa Eulària des Riu

*Population: 14,059*

 Summary of the 10 June 1987 City Council of Santa Eulària des Riu election results
|  | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Parties and alliances | | Popular vote | | | Seats | |
| | Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|  | People's AllianceLiberal Party (AP–PL)1 | 4,223 | 69.00 | +1.88 | **13** | +1 |
|  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 1,388 | 22.68 | +0.20 | **4** | ±0 |
|  | | | | | | |
|  | Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 304 | 4.97 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | United Left (EU–IU) | 163 | 2.66 | –0.14 | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Liberal Democratic Party (PDL) | *n/a* | *n/a* | –7.60 | 0 | –1 |
| Blank ballots | | 42 | 0.69 | +0.69 |  | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Total | | 6,120 |  | | 17 | ±0 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 6,120 | 99.17 | –0.83 |  | |
| Invalid votes | | 51 | 0.83 | +0.83 | |
| Votes cast / turnout | | 6,171 | 62.40 | +2.33 | |
| Abstentions | | 3,718 | 37.60 | –2.33 | |
| Registered voters | | 9,889 |  | | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Sources | | | | | | |
| **Footnotes:** | | | | | | |


title: Battle of Bolkhov

abstract: In the Battle of Bolkhov on May 10–11, 1608, the troops of False Dmitry II managed to defeat the army of Tsar Vasily Shuisky.

text:
# Battle of Bolkhov

In the **Battle of Bolkhov** on May 10–11, 1608, the troops of False Dmitry II managed to defeat the army of Tsar Vasily Shuisky.

## Prelude

From the Tsar's side at least 30 thousand soldiers (5 regiments) were assembled, Streltsy, Cossacks, noble cavalry and German mercenaries (from Livonia), under voevody Dmitry Shuisky and Vasily Golitsyn. On the side of the Pretender was only 13 thousand soldiers under the leadership of Lithuanian Prince Roman Rozhinsky, including almost 6,000 Polish-Lithuanian mercenaries.

## Battle

On the first day of battle, the Pretender's cavalry attacked first, consisting of heavy Hussars and Cossack cavalry. The attack was successfully repulsed by the Russian nobleman's cavalry and German mercenaries.

The next day, the frontal attacks of the Polish-Cossack forces were not successful because the Russian leaders placed their troops in a fortified camp. However, a deserter informed the hetman Rozhinsky of the strength of the Russian army, the location of the regiments, and also their unwillingness to fight for Tsar Vasily IV. Rozhinsky moved his reserves into the flank of the Russian army and resorted to cunning, ordering the inclusion of carts in this detachment, putting the battle banners on them, so that Russian soldiers would think that the army of False Dmitri was much larger. This caused confusion in the ranks of government troops, and their front crumbled under attack. The defeated army of Dmitry Shuisky fled.

## Aftermath

Part of the government troops (about 5 thousand) was besieged in Bolkhov, but after artillery bombardment surrendered and, recognizing the impostor as their sovereign, joined his army. False Dmitry II had the opportunity to attack Moscow. Kaluga recognized his power without a fight. The army of False Dmitry II came to Moscow and settled in the Tushino camp.

1. *Velikai︠a︡ russkai︠a︡ smuta : prichiny vozniknovenii︠a︡ i vykhod iz gosudarstvennogo krizisa v XVI-XVII vv*. Strizhova, I. M., Стрижова, И. М. Moskva: Dar. 2007. ISBN 9785485001230. OCLC 230750976.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)
2. Željko., Fajfrić (2008). *Ruski carevi* (1. izd ed.). Sremska Mitrovica: Tabernakl. ISBN 9788685269172. OCLC 620935678.

## InfoBox

| Battle of Bolkhov | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Polish–Muscovite War (1605–18) | |
| <br>Camp of False Dmitry II at Tushino | |
| Date May 10–11, 1608  Location Kamenka River near Bolkhov  Result  Pretender's victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| False Dmitry II | Muscovite Tsardom |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Roman Rozhinsky | Dmitry Shuisky |
| Strength | |
| About 13,000 | No less than 30,000 |
| Casualties and losses | |
| About 2,000 | Up to 20,000 |


title: Battle of Bonari Pass

abstract: The Battle of Bonari Pass was part of the Boshin War, and occurred on the 6 October 1868, or the 21st day of the Eighth Month, Keiō-4 year. The Bonari pass was a strategic access at the limit of the fief of Aizu. The battle was between a mixed force of 800 troops – including former shogunate soldiers led by Ōtori Keisuke and Hijikata Toshizō, Aizu forces, and soldiers of various northern domains — against a much larger number of troops favourable to the Imperial government. Itagaki Taisuke led his troops, by some estimates numbering as many as 10,000 to 30,000, in a rapid strike against forces defending Aizuwakamatsu Castle. Heading southwest from Nihonmatsu, Itagaki then took a route across Bonari Pass northwards to cross into Aizu. Outnumbered, the shogunal troops had to retreat to the North to Sendai, where the fleet of Enomoto Takeaki was ready to evacuate them to Hokkaidō. This left Aizu exposed, and facilitated the imperial advance. Three days later, the Imperial troops reached the castle of Wakamatsu and laid siege to it, in the key action of the Battle of Aizu.

text:
# Battle of Bonari Pass

The **Battle of Bonari Pass** (Japanese: 母成峠の戦い) was part of the Boshin War, and occurred on the 6 October 1868 (Gregorian Calendar), or the 21st day of the Eighth Month, Keiō-4 year (Japanese calendar). The Bonari pass was a strategic access at the limit of the fief of Aizu.

The battle was between a mixed force of 800 troops – including former shogunate soldiers (Denshūtai and Shinsengumi) led by Ōtori Keisuke and Hijikata Toshizō, Aizu forces, and soldiers of various northern domains — against a much larger number of troops favourable to the Imperial government.

Itagaki Taisuke led his troops, by some estimates numbering as many as 10,000 to 30,000, in a rapid strike against forces defending Aizuwakamatsu Castle. Heading southwest from Nihonmatsu, Itagaki then took a route across Bonari Pass northwards to cross into Aizu.

Outnumbered, the shogunal troops had to retreat to the North to Sendai, where the fleet of Enomoto Takeaki was ready to evacuate them to Hokkaidō. This left Aizu exposed, and facilitated the imperial advance.

Three days later, the Imperial troops reached the castle of Wakamatsu and laid siege to it, in the key action of the Battle of Aizu.

## InfoBox

| Battle of Bonari Pass | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Boshin War | |
| Date October 6, 1868 (1868-10-06)  Location Inawashiro, Fukushima37°35′44.5″N 140°14′34.7″E / 37.595694°N 140.242972°E / 37.595694; 140.242972  Result  Imperial victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Bakufu Army | Imperial Japanese Army |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Ōtori Keisuke
Hijikata Toshizō | Itagaki Taisuke
Ijichi Masaharu
Murata Tsuneyoshi |
| Strength | |
| 800 | 7,000 |
| class=notpageimage|Location within Japan | |


title: Respiratory pump

text:
# Respiratory pump

The respiratory pump is a mechanism to pump blood back to the heart using inspiration. It aids blood flow through the veins of the thorax and abdomen.

During inhalation, the volume of the thorax increases, largely through the contraction of the diaphragm, which moves downward and compresses the abdominal cavity. The elevation of the chest caused by the contraction of the external intercostal muscles also contributes to the increased volume of the thorax. The volume increase causes air pressure within the thorax to decrease, allowing us to inhale. Additionally, as air pressure within the thorax drops, blood pressure in the thoracic veins also decreases, falling below the pressure in the abdominal veins. This causes blood to flow along its pressure gradient from veins outside the thorax, where pressure is higher, into the thoracic region, where pressure is now lower. This in turn promotes the return of blood from the thoracic veins to the atria.

During exhalation, when air pressure increases within the thoracic cavity, pressure in the thoracic veins increases, speeding blood flow into the heart while valves in the veins prevent blood from flowing backward from the thoracic and abdominal veins.


title: Beacon Hill (train)

abstract: The Beacon Hill was a daily 157-mile (253 km) commuter rail service operated by Amtrak between Boston, Massachusetts, and New Haven, Connecticut, from 1978 to 1981. The Beacon Hill was one of the last long-haul commuter services operated by Amtrak. Service consisted of a single rush-hour round trip, with service eastbound to Boston in the morning and westbound to New Haven in the evening.

text:
# Beacon Hill (train)

The ***Beacon Hill*** was a daily 157-mile (253 km) commuter rail service operated by Amtrak between Boston, Massachusetts, and New Haven, Connecticut, from 1978 to 1981. The *Beacon Hill* was one of the last long-haul commuter services operated by Amtrak. Service consisted of a single rush-hour round trip, with service eastbound to Boston in the morning and westbound to New Haven in the evening.

## History

### Previous service

By the time the New Haven Railroad folded into Penn Central in 1969, commuter service between New Haven and Providence had been reduced to a handful of daily trips. (Commuter service west of New Haven continued under Penn Central and Conrail then Metro-North Railroad, while Boston-Providence service was taken over by the MBTA in 1975). The *Clamdigger* operated as a daily local from New London to New Haven under Amtrak until January 28, 1972. It returned as a Providence-New Haven local on September 9, 1976; it was discontinued on October 30, 1977, but resumed on January 8, 1978 with additional stops.

A single Penn Central commuter local between New London and Providence (not taken over by Amtrak in May 1971) was cut to Westerly-Providence on November 22, 1971. The service was discontinued on June 3, 1977.

### *Beacon Hill*

On April 30, 1978, the *Clamdigger* was replaced with the *Beacon Hill*, which ran in the reverse direction to serve the Boston commuter market rather than the New Haven and New York markets. This left the *Beacon Hill* as the only commuter service between New Haven and Providence. The *Beacon Hill* supplemented Amtrak's existing intercity trains on the Corridor, which made fewer stops.

The *Beacon Hill* initially made station stops at New Haven Union Station, Branford, Madison, Old Saybrook, Niantic, New London Union Station, Mystic, Westerly, Shannock, Kingston, Wickford Junction, East Greenwich, Providence, Route 128, Boston Back Bay, and Boston South Station. Running time was slightly over 3 hours, with service on weekdays plus Sundays. The southbound weekday trip departed South Station in Boston at 5:00pm. Ridership was initially heavy between Boston and Providence, but low on the remainder of the run.

On April 29, 1979, the southbound *Beacon Hill* was cancelled north of Providence due to track work; passengers had to take the *Evening Liberty Express* from Boston and transfer to the *Beacon Hill* at Providence. Normal southbound service returned on July 29, 1979.

The *Beacon Hill* was cancelled on October 26, 1979. On November 3, 1979, the Southwest Corridor was closed for reconstruction. All MBTA Commuter Rail and Amtrak service was routed via the Midland Branch instead. The Midland does not pass through Back Bay station; a shuttle train from South Station to Back Bay was available.

The *Beacon Hill* was restored on February 3, 1980; however, the southbound departure time was moved to 4:20pm and the train became weekdays-only. This prevented workers on a 9-to-5 schedule — a major segment of the commuter market — from using the train. Beginning on September 29, 1980, the *Beacon Hill* frequently ran with one of Amtrak's two LRC test trainsets. Before then, it often ran with a pair of Budd Rail Diesel Cars.

### Cancellation and modern service

The *Beacon Hill* was discontinued effective October 1, 1981, victim of Amtrak cost-cutting, the unwillingness of state governments to provide necessary funding, and declining ridership. Regular (now branded as *Northeast Regional*) service continues and has been supplemented by *Acela Express* service, but these intercity services stop only at larger towns and cities and are not priced for commuter service.

In 1990, the Connecticut Department of Transportation began Shore Line East service between Old Saybrook and New Haven, with 4 daily trains. The service was extended to New London in 1996.

MBTA service to Providence resumed on February 1, 1988, restoring commuter rail service to Rhode Island. The Pawtucket/Central Falls station remained closed and was replaced in 1990 by South Attleboro station just across the Massachusetts border. After years of planning by RIDOT, the Providence/Stoughton Line was extended south to T.F. Green Airport on December 6, 2010, and to the former *Beacon Hill* station at Wickford Junction on April 23, 2012.

ConnDOT and RIDOT have long-term plans to extend Shore Line East and MBTA service to meet at Westerly station, which would provide a two-seat ride roughly matching the *Beacon Hill*. RIDOT also plans to add an infill station at East Greenwich near the former station site.

Media related to Beacon Hill (train) at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

*Beacon Hill*
| The *Beacon Hill* operating with an LRC in 1980 | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Service type | Commuter rail |
| Status | Discontinued |
| Predecessor | *Clamdigger* |
| First service | April 30, 1978 |
| Last service | October 1, 1981 |
| Successor | Providence/Stoughton Line, Shore Line East |
| Former operator(s) | Amtrak |
| Route | |
| Termini | Boston<br>New Haven |
| Stops | 12 |
| Distance travelled | 157 miles (253 km) |
| Average journey time | 3 hours |
| Service frequency | Daily (weekdays only) |
| Train number(s) | 153, 154 |
| Route map | |


title: Rod Dedeaux

abstract: Raoul Martial "Rod" Dedeaux was an American college baseball coach who compiled what is widely recognized as among the greatest records of any coach in the sport's amateur history. Dedeaux was the head baseball coach at the University of Southern California (USC) in Los Angeles for 45 seasons, and retired at age 72 in 1986. His teams won 11 national titles, including a record five straight (1970–1974), and 28 conference championships. Dedeaux was named Coach of the Year six times by the Collegiate Baseball Coaches Association and was inducted into its Hall of Fame in 1970. He was named "Coach of the Century" by Collegiate Baseball magazine and was one of ten initial inductees to the College Baseball Hall of Fame. Dedeaux also coached the United States national team at two different editions of the Summer Olympic Games: Tokyo 1964 and Los Angeles 1984.

text:
# Rod Dedeaux

**Raoul Martial "Rod" Dedeaux** (February 17, 1914 – January 5, 2006) was an American college baseball coach who compiled what is widely recognized as among the greatest records of any coach in the sport's amateur history.

Dedeaux was the head baseball coach at the University of Southern California (USC) in Los Angeles for 45 seasons, and retired at age 72 in 1986. His teams won 11 national titles (College World Series), including a record five straight (19701974), and 28 conference championships. Dedeaux was named Coach of the Year six times by the Collegiate Baseball Coaches Association and was inducted into its Hall of Fame in 1970. He was named "Coach of the Century" by *Collegiate Baseball* magazine and was one of ten initial inductees to the College Baseball Hall of Fame.

Dedeaux also coached the United States national team at two different editions of the Summer Olympic Games: Tokyo 1964 and Los Angeles 1984.

## Early life

Born in New Orleans, Louisiana, Dedeaux moved to Los Angeles and graduated from Hollywood High School in 1931. He played baseball at the University of Southern California for three seasons. Dedeaux then played professional baseball briefly in 1935, appearing in two games as a shortstop for the Brooklyn Dodgers late in the season. The following year while playing for Dayton in the Mid-Atlantic League, he cracked a vertebra while swinging in cold weather, ending his season. Dedeaux played parts of two minor league seasons in 1938 and 1939 before retiring from professional baseball. He then turned to coaching in the semi-pro and amateur ranks.

## Career

Dedeaux invested $500 to start a trucking firm, Dart (**D**edeaux **A**utomotive **R**epair and **T**ransit) Enterprises, which he built into a successful regional business. When his college coach, Sam Barry, entered the U.S. Navy during World War II, he recommended Dedeaux to take over the team in 1942 for the war's duration. Upon Barry's return in 1946, they served as co-coaches with Dedeaux running the team each year until Barry finished the basketball season. USC won its first national title in 1948, over Yale, captained by first baseman George H. W. Bush. The finals were held at Hyames Field in Kalamazoo, Michigan, settled by a 9–2 win in the third and deciding game.

Following Barry's death in September 1950, Dedeaux became the sole coach and proceeded to build on his early success to establish the strongest program in collegiate baseball. Prior to his retirement in June 1986, Dedeaux's teams won ten additional College World Series titles in Omaha, including five straight (1970–74) and six in seven years. No other coach had won more than three titles until 1997.

At USC, Dedeaux coached dozens of future major leaguers, including Ron Fairly, Don Buford, Tom Seaver, Dave Kingman, Roy Smalley, Fred Lynn, Steve Kemp, Mark McGwire, and Randy Johnson. Throughout his USC career, he accepted a nominal salary of just $1 per year since his trucking business supplied him with a substantial income. He turned down numerous offers of major league coaching positions, including invitations from Los Angeles Dodgers manager Tommy Lasorda to join his staff, always rejecting them due to his preference for the college game and his desire to remain close to his family.

He retired as the winningest coach in college baseball history with a record of 1,332–571–11 (.699), and for the rest of his life remained an honored annual presence at the College World Series in Omaha. At the 1999 edition, the 50th played in Omaha, he was given a key to the city by the mayor and a one-minute standing ovation by the fans at Rosenblatt Stadium. He was inducted into the American Baseball Coaches Association's Hall of Fame in 1970, and in 1999 was named the Coach of the Century by *Collegiate Baseball* magazine.

USC played its home games at Bovard Field through 1973, and Dedeaux became known as "The Houdini of Bovard" for the come-from-behind home-field wins by the Trojans. A new baseball field named Dedeaux Field opened in 1974, named in honor of the active head coach.

### Olympics

Dedeaux was the head coach of the United States baseball teams at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo and the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, where baseball was contested both times as a demonstration sport. The 1964 team played one game as part of the Olympic program, defeating a Japanese amateur all-star team, while the 1984 team finished second in a field of eight teams, winning its first four games and losing to Japan in the final game of the tournament.

### Films

Dedeaux also served as the baseball coach and consultant for actors and ballplayers on the 1989 film *Field of Dreams*. While Dedeaux was critical of the "phoniness that was in baseball movies," an opinion which he acquired while working as an extra in the 1948 film *The Babe Ruth Story*, he accepted the task after reading the original novel *Shoeless Joe* and brought Buford along to help him coach the cast. Phil Alden Robinson, who directed the film, said the following about Dedeaux:

> All of the ballplayers in the movie were prepped for the film by Rod Dedeaux. He coached at USC for many years, and is a wonderful man, very full of life, energetic, very supportive, just really was very giving of himself and cheerful all the time, was a great spirit to have around. And one day, we were in between setups and I said, 'Hey, coach, what position did you play?' He said, 'I was a shortstop.' I said, 'Really, could you — were you good?' He got very quiet, and he said, 'I could field the ball.' I said, 'Could you hit?' He said, 'I could hit the ball.' And he was strangely quiet. And I said to him, 'Well, how come you never played in the majors?' And he said, 'I did.' I said, 'Really?' \[Dedeaux said\] 'Yes, in 1930-something.' I forget what year he said. He was the starting shortstop for the Brooklyn Dodgers. He played one game, broke his back and that was the end of his career.
> And I just blanched. I said, 'My God, you're Doc Graham.' He said, 'That's right.' And I said, 'Do you ever think about, "gee, the career I might've had."' And he said, 'Every day.' He said it very quietly. It was very out of character for him and I was so touched by that. And I did look him up in the Baseball Encyclopedia: He did go, I think, 1-for-4 with an RBI. That was his lifetime stats. So having him be the man who trained all these fellows, including the kid who plays Doc Graham, was very meaningful to me and I know it was to him, too. It was great to have him around. I think about that often, about what that must have been like, to be good enough to start with a Major League team and for one unlucky moment, not be able to do — the rest of your life takes another turn. What he did with that is, he put all of that emotion — which could have gone into bitterness or regret — into being a phenomenal coach. He sent more people to the majors than, I think, anyboby else in college history. He's an amazing man.

## Personal

Dedeaux was married to the former Helen L. Jones (1915–2007) for 66 years and they had four children.

## Death and legacy

Dedeaux died in early 2006 at age 91 at Glendale Adventist Medical Center in Glendale, of complications from a stroke five weeks earlier. Six months later on July 4, he was one of ten in the first class inducted into the College Baseball Hall of Fame. Dedeaux was also inducted in the inaugural class of the Omaha College Baseball Hall of Fame in 2013, and a statue of him was unveiled at Dedeaux Field on the USC campus in 2014.

Dedeaux was inducted into the Baseball Reliquary's Shrine of the Eternals in 2005.

Dedeaux and his wife Helen are buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, in Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles.

## Head coaching record

Statistics overview
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Southern California Trojans**  *(California Intercollegiate Baseball Association)* (1942–1986) | | | | | | | | |
| 1942 | Southern California | 14–2 | 12–2 | 1st |  |
| 1943 | Southern California | 14–2 | 10–0 | 2nd |  |
| 1944 | Southern California | 12–4 | 4–4 | 2nd |  |
| 1945 | Southern California | 7–8 | 3–5 | 3rd |  |
| 1946 | Southern California | 15–2 | 11–1 | 1st |  |
| 1947 | Southern California | 16-6 | 11-4 | T-1st |  |
| 1948 | Southern California | 26-4 | 13-2 | 1st | College World Series Champions |
| 1949 | Southern California | 23-6 | 12-2 | 1st | College World Series |
| 1950 | Southern California | 16-8 | 8-7 | T-3rd |  |
| 1951 | Southern California | 22-10 | 11-5 | 1st | College World Series |
| 1952 | Southern California | 18-9 | 11–5 | 1st |  |
| 1953 | Southern California | 21-9 | 10-6 | T-1st | District 8 Playoffs |
| 1954 | Southern California | 14-7 | 11–5 | 1st | District 8 Playoffs |
| 1955 | Southern California | 23-5 | 12-3 | 1st | College World Series |
| 1956 | Southern California | 21-5 | 14-2 | 1st |  |
| 1957 | Southern California | 18-4 | 12-4 | T-1st |  |
| 1958 | Southern California | 28-3 | 14-2 | 1st | College World Series Champions |
| 1959 | Southern California | 23-4-1 | 14-2 | 1st |  |
| 1960 | Southern California | 32-11 | 12-4 | T-1st | College World Series Runners-Up |
| 1961 | Southern California | 36-7 | 12-4 | 1st | College World Series Champions |
| 1962 | Southern California | 29-10 | 11–5 | 2nd |  |
| 1963 | Southern California | 35-10 | 10-6 | 1st | College World Series Champions |
| 1964 | Southern California | 34-11 | 17-3 | 1st | College World Series |
| 1965 | Southern California | 23-14 | 9-11 | 4th |  |
| 1966 | Southern California | 42-9 | 16-4 | 1st | College World Series |
| 1967 | Southern California | 30-11-2 | 9-6 | T-3rd |  |
| 1968 | Southern California | 42-12-1 | 16-2-1 | 1st | College World Series Champions |
| 1969 | Southern California | 39-12-1 | 13-8 | 3rd |  |
| 1970 | Southern California | 45-13 | 11–3 | 1st | College World Series Champions |
| 1971 | Southern California | 46-11 | 17-0 | 1st | College World Series Champions |
| 1972 | Southern California | 47-13 | 14-4 | 1st | College World Series Champions |
| 1973 | Southern California | 51-11 | 14-4 | 1st | College World Series Champions |
| 1974 | Southern California | 50-20 | 11–7 | 1st | College World Series Champions |
| 1975 | Southern California | 42-14-1 | 12-4 | 1st | NCAA West Regional |
| 1976 | Southern California | 33-26-2 | 15-8-1 | 2nd |  |
| 1977 | Southern California | 46-20 | 16-2 | 1st | NCAA West Regional |
| 1978 | Southern California | 54-9 | 15-3 | 1st | College World Series Champions |
| 1979 | Southern California | 33-24 | 15-15 | 4th |  |
| 1980 | Southern California | 27-24 | 13-17 | T-5th |  |
| 1981 | Southern California | 34-24 | 15-15 | 3rd |  |
| 1982 | Southern California | 23-36 | 9-21 | 6th |  |
| 1983 | Southern California | 32-23-1 | 17-13 | T-2nd |  |
| 1984 | Southern California | 44-23 | 18-12 | T-2nd | NCAA West I Regional |
| 1985 | Southern California | 22-44 | 5-25 | 6th |  |
| 1986 | Southern California | 26-29 | 12-18 | 4th |  |
| **Southern California:** | | 1,332–571–11 |  |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 1,332–571–11 |  | | | | | | |
| National champion         Postseason invitational champion
Conference regular season champion          Conference regular season and conference tournament champion
Division regular season champion       Division regular season and conference tournament champion
Conference tournament champion | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Rod Dedeaux
| Dedeaux c. 1950 | |
| --- | --- |
| Biographical details | |
| Born | (1914-02-17)February 17, 1914
New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Died | January 5, 2006(2006-01-05) (aged 91)
Glendale, California, U.S. |
| Alma mater | USC |
| Playing career | |
| Position(s) | Shortstop |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1942–1986 | USC |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 1,332–571–11 |
| Accomplishments and honors | |
| Championships | |
|  | |
| Awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| College Baseball Hall of Fame
Inducted in 2006 | |
|  | |
| ---  **Baseball career** | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| September 28, 1935, for the Brooklyn Dodgers | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| September 29, 1935, for the Brooklyn Dodgers | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .250 |
| Home runs | 0 |
| Runs batted in | 1 |
| Teams | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Charlie Hanson

abstract: Charlie Hanson is a British producer and director. His award-winning work includes television shows such as Desmond's, Chef!, The Big Impression, The Sketch Show and Whites, and the 2003 feature film A Way of Life.

text:
# Charlie Hanson

**Charlie Hanson** is a British producer and director. His award-winning work includes television shows such as *Desmond's*, *Chef!*, *The Big Impression*, *The Sketch Show* and *Whites*, and the 2003 feature film *A Way of Life*.

## Career

Hanson's work as a producer spans more than two decades of television drama and comedy. His work includes BBC Television's *This Morning with Richard Not Judy*, *Birds of a Feather*, Channel 4's *Desmond's*, *Chef!*, starring Lenny Henry for the BBC, *Kelsey Grammer Presents The Sketch Show* for Fox Television, both *The Harry Hill Show* and an episode of *Garth Marenghi's Darkplace* for Channel 4, Alistair McGowan's *The Big Impression*, winner of the BAFTA award for Best Comedy Programme in 2003, and ITV's *The Sketch Show*, winner of the BAFTA award for Best Comedy Programme in 2002.

In 2003 Hanson produced his first feature film, Amma Asante's BAFTA award-winning *A Way of Life*. The film, which had its world premiere at the Toronto Film Festival, was released in the UK in October 2004, garnering 12 international awards, including the Grand Jury Prize for Best Film, and the International Critics' Prize at the Miami International Film Festival in 2005, and four BAFTA Cymru awards.

He has since produced two series of *Extras* for BBC/HBO, and in 2008 won a Golden Globe for the Extras Special TV Movie. Most recently he has produced the new Reggie Perrin on BBC1, and *Whites* for BBC2, starring Alan Davies. He has produced the Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant movie *Cemetery Junction* for Sony International, released on 14 April 2010.

In 2011, Hanson produced Gervais and Merchant's new series, *Life's Too Short* and in 2012, Gervais' Channel 4 comedy-drama pilot *Derek*. Hanson also worked on the Matt Lucas BBC2 television series *Pompidou*, which aired in early 2015. From 2019 Hanson went on to produce *After Life* for Gervais.

### Sexual assault allegations

In May 2021, Hanson was accused by 11 anonymous women - in one letter - of serious sexual assault between 2008 and 2015. His accusers allege that he used "his reputation" to prey on them as young women by "promising them a starry career under his wing". Following the allegations, Hanson was suspended by BAFTA on 30 May 2021, and was removed as producer of *After Life*.

Despite the allegations no criminal prosecution has to date been pursued.


title: Phyllis Currie Nature Reserve

abstract: Phyllis Currie Nature Reserve is an 8.9-hectare (22-acre) nature reserve north-west of Great Leighs in Essex. It is owned and managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust. This site is named after Mrs Phyllis Currie, who bequeathed it to the trust. It has diverse habitats, with grassland, a lake, woodland and ditches. Birds include kingfishers and grey herons, and 23 species of butterflies and 13 of dragonflies and damselflies have been recorded. There is access from Dumney Lane.

text:
# Phyllis Currie Nature Reserve

**Phyllis Currie Nature Reserve** is an 8.9-hectare (22-acre) nature reserve north-west of Great Leighs in Essex. It is owned and managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust.

This site is named after Mrs Phyllis Currie, who bequeathed it to the trust. It has diverse habitats, with grassland, a lake, woodland and ditches. Birds include kingfishers and grey herons, and 23 species of butterflies and 13 of dragonflies and damselflies have been recorded.

There is access from Dumney Lane.

51°50′10″N 0°29′56″E / 51.836°N 0.499°E / 51.836; 0.499

## InfoBox

| Phyllis Currie Nature Reserve | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Type | Nature reserve |
| Location | Great Leighs, Essex |
| OS grid | TL 723 182 |
| Area | 8.9 hectares |
| Managed by | Essex Wildlife Trust |


title: Tobia Masini

abstract: Tobia Masini is an Italian auto racing driver.

text:
# Tobia Masini

**Tobia Masini** (born 8 December 1976 in Poggibonsi) is an Italian auto racing driver.

## Career

He spent some time racing in the United Kingdom, finishing as runner-up in the 1999 Renault Spider Championship behind Andy Priaulx. He went on to compete in the European Touring Car Championship with a Super Production Alfa Romeo 156. In 2005 he was champion of the Italian Superstars Series driving an Audi RS6.


title: Dictyna major

abstract: Dictyna major is a species of mesh web weaver in the spider family Dictynidae. It is found in North America, Europe, a range from Russia to Tajikistan, and China.

text:
# Dictyna major

***Dictyna major*** is a species of mesh web weaver in the spider family Dictynidae. It is found in North America, Europe, a range from Russia to Tajikistan, and China.

## InfoBox

| *Dictyna major* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Dictynidae |
| Genus: | *Dictyna* |
| Species: | ***D. major*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dictyna major***<br>Menge, 1869 | |
|


title: Robert Katzmann

abstract: Robert Allen Katzmann was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. He served as chief judge from September 1, 2013, to August 31, 2020.

text:
# Robert Katzmann

**Robert Allen Katzmann** (April 22, 1953 – June 9, 2021) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. He served as chief judge from September 1, 2013, to August 31, 2020.

## Early life and education

Robert Allen Katzmann was born April 22, 1953, in New York City, the son of Sylvia, a homemaker, and John Katzmann, an engineer. Katzmann received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Columbia University in 1973. He received a Master of Arts from Harvard University in 1976. He received a Doctor of Philosophy from Harvard University in 1978. He received a Juris Doctor from Yale Law School in 1980, where he was an article and book review editor of the *Yale Law Journal*.

## Career

### Early work

Katzmann served as a law clerk to Judge Hugh H. Bownes of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit from 1980 to 1981. He was a fellow at the Brookings Institution from 1981 to 1999. He was an adjunct professor at Georgetown University Law Center from 1984 to 1989. He was an adjunct professor with the Georgetown University Public Policy Program from 1987 to 1992. Katzmann was president of the Governance Institute from 1986 to 1999. He was a special assistant to the director of the Federal Judicial Center from 1986 to 1988. He was a visiting professor of the University of California, Los Angeles (Washington, D.C., program), from 1990 to 1992. He was the Wayne Morse Chair in law and politics at the University of Oregon in 1992. He was acting program director at the Brookings Institution in 1998. Katzmann was the Walsh Professor of Government, professor of law and professor of public policy at Georgetown University from 1992 to 1999. His twin brother, Gary Katzmann, is a judge of the United States Court of International Trade.

### Federal judicial service

Katzmann was nominated by President Bill Clinton on March 8, 1999, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit vacated by Judge Jon O. Newman. He was confirmed by the United States Senate by voice vote on July 14, 1999, and received commission on July 16, 1999. He served as chief judge from September 1, 2013, to August 31, 2020. By appointment of Chief Justice John Roberts, Katzmann has served as chair of the U.S. Judicial Conference Committee on the Judicial Branch, as a member of the U.S. Judicial Conference Executive Committee, and as chair of the Supreme Court Fellows Commission. On January 21, 2021, Katzmann assumed senior status. Katzmann is the first federal judge to hold a doctorate in government.

### Notable decisions

In *Watson v. United States* (2017), Katzmann in dissent decried the government’s wrongful detention of a U.S. citizen for 1,273 days, arguing that Watson should be entitled to sue the government for damages.

In August 2017, Katzmann upheld the insider trading conviction of Mathew Martoma, over the dissent of Judge Pooler, who argued that the majority was improperly overruling circuit precedent. In June 2018, Katzmann issued an amended opinion reaching the same result, again over the dissent of Pooler.

In a landmark Second Circuit ruling, *Zarda v Altitude Express* (2018) Judge Katzmann, writing for the full court in a 10–3 decision, held that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. That decision was later affirmed by the Supreme Court of the United States in the consolidated case of *Bostock v. Clayton County*.

In *Corren v. Condos* (2018), Judge Katzmann upheld Vermont’s public financing campaign laws against First Amendment challenges.

In the Second Circuit's *Trump v. Vance* (2019) opinion, Judge Katzmann, writing for a unanimous three judge panel, held that the president is not immune from the enforcement of a state grand jury subpoena directing a third party to produce non-privileged material, even when the subject matter under investigation pertains to the President and that a state grand jury may permissibly issue subpoenas in aid of its investigation of potential crimes committed by persons within its jurisdiction, even if that investigation may in some way implicate the President. In June 2020, the Supreme Court affirmed that ruling.

### Other activities, writings and awards

Katzmann wrote articles on a variety of subjects, including judicial-congressional relations, statutory interpretation, the administrative process, regulation, court reform, access to justice for immigrants, civic education, disability, and the war powers resolution. He has offered courses on administrative law, statutory interpretation, constitutional law, and the judiciary. He was professor of practice at N.Y.U. School of Law.

Katzmann's work on interbranch relations began at the invitation of the U.S. Judicial Conference Committee on the Judicial Branch, then chaired by Judge Frank M. Coffin. Judge Katzmann also directed a project on the legal profession and public service at The Brookings Institution, which considered the law firm and the public good.

Katzmann was a board director of the American Judicature Society, a public member of the Administrative Conference of the United States, and a vice-chair of the Committee on Government Organization and Separation of Powers of the ABA Section on Administrative Law and Regulatory Practice. He has also been a consultant to the Federal Courts Study Committee. He served as co-chair of the FTC transition team, and as special counsel to Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan on the confirmation of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. He has also been chair of the Section on Legislation of the Association of American Law Schools. Katzmann was a member of the Board of Trustees of the New York Public Library, the Board of Visitors of Georgetown University Law Center, the Board of Directors of the Institute of Judicial Administration of NYU, the advisory board of Roosevelt House of Hunter College, and a member of the National Board of Academic Advisors of the Rehnquist Center located in the James E. Rogers College of Law at the University of Arizona. He was recipient of the American Political Science Association's Charles E. Merriam Award (2001), "given to a person whose published work and career represents a significant contribution to the art of government through the application of social science research." Since 2003, Judge Katzmann has been a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

For his judicial writing, Katzmann was recognized as an "Exemplary Legal Writing 2008" honoree by the Green Bag, a journal dedicated to good legal writing. Judge Katzmann has also been awarded: the Learned Hand Medal for Excellence in Federal Jurisprudence of the Federal Bar Council; the Chesterfield Smith Award of the Pro Bono Institute, presented by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg; the Thurgood Marshall Award of the American Bar Association; the Stanley H. Fuld Award of the New York State Bar Association; the Edward Weinfeld Award of the New York County Lawyers Association, presented by Robert M. Morgenthau; NYU Annual Survey of American Law Dedicatee; Honorary Doctor of Law degrees from New York Law School, John Jay College of Criminal Justice and Pace University; the Michael Maggio Memorial Pro Bono Award of the American Immigration Lawyers Association; Sanctuary for Families' Abeley Award; Burton Award for Education in Law; Public Service Champion of Legal Outreach and the Public Interest Scholarship Organization Lifetime Achievement Award. His lectures include: the James Madison Lecture of New York University School of Law; the Orison Marden Lecture of the NYC Bar Association; and the Robert L. Levine Distinguished Lecture of Fordham University School of Law.

*The New York Times* reported on Katzmann's efforts to foster effective legal representation of the immigrant poor with worthy claims. To raise awareness about the crisis of inadequate legal representation of non-citizens and its adverse effect on the administration of justice, he gave in 2007 the Marden Lecture of the New York City Bar Association, "The Legal Profession and the Unmet Needs of the Immigrant Poor." That led to his launching of an interdisciplinary Study Group on Immigrant Representation, from which emanated the New York Immigrant Family Unity Project, the first government funded program of legal counsel for detained noncitizens. He conceived of and sparked the creation of the Immigrant Justice Corps, the country's first fellowship program dedicated to meeting the need for high-quality legal assistance for immigrants, described in a New York Times editorial as "a groundbreaking effort."

Katzmann's tenure as Chief Judge was described as “remarkable” and pioneering. As Chief Judge, he launched a civic education initiative of the federal courts of the Second Circuit, Justice For All: Courts and the Community. The project, with the active participation of judges, court staff, the bar, and educators, encompasses a wide range of activities and seeks to increase public understanding of the role and operations of the federal courts and bring courts closer to the communities they serve. Chief Judge Katzmann convened, along with Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts Director, James C. Duff, the first national conference on civic education and the federal courts, at the Thurgood Marshall U.S. Courthouse in New York City, in October 2019. Conferees included three Supreme Court Justices – Breyer, Sotomayor and Gorsuch – as well as judges and educators from across the country. During his term as Chief Judge, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals engaged in a year-long 125th anniversary retrospective on the history of the court, a collaborative effort of judges, staff, and the bar, resulting in a book of judicial biographies, a volume on the jurisprudence of the Second Circuit, and a variety of public programs.

In his judicial role, Judge Katzmann presided over the largest naturalization ceremony in the history of Ellis Island and the first naturalization ceremony on the rebuilt World Trade Center site.

In September 2014, Oxford University Press published Katzmann's book, *Judging Statutes*. Praised by Justice John Paul Stevens (retired), "as illuminating and convincing" and "required reading for all lawyers confronting questions of statutory construction," the book has been the subject of several commentaries, and programs. Critiquing textualism, Katzmann argues that when interpreting the laws of Congress, courts should respect the legislative materials Congress thinks are important, so as to better understand legislative meaning and purposes.

In February 2020, the Vilcek Foundation announced Chief Judge Katzmann as the recipient of the 2020 Vilcek Prize for Excellence in the Administration of Justice "in recognition of his exemplary career in public service, as well as his commitment to broadening access to legal representation for immigrants in need."

## Death

Katzmann died on June 9, 2021, at a Manhattan hospital from pancreatic cancer, aged 68.

## Selected publications

* Regulatory Bureaucracy: The Federal Trade Commission and Antitrust Policy (MIT Press 1980; paperback with new afterword, 1981) ISBN 978-0-262-61034-6
* Institutional Disability: The Saga of Transportation Policy for the Disabled (Brookings Inst Pr August 1986) ISBN 978-0-8157-4833-5
* Managing Appeals in Federal Court, co-editor (Federal Judicial Center, 1988) ASIN B000IKDJBE
* Daniel Patrick Moynihan: The Intellectual in Public Life, editor and contributing author (Johns Hopkins, 1998) ISBN 978-0-8018-7967-8
* Judges and Legislators: Toward Institutional Comity, editor and contributing author, (Brookings Inst Pr, 1988) ISBN 978-0-8157-4862-5
* The Law Firm and the Public Good (Brookings Inst Pr, May 1995) ISBN 978-0-8157-4863-2
* Courts and Congress (Brookings Inst Pr, May 1997) ISBN 978-0-8157-4865-6
* The Marden Lecture: The Legal Profession and the Unmet Needs of the Immigrant Poor, 21 Geo. J. of Legal Ethics 3 (2008)
* Madison Lecture: Statutes, 87 NYU L. Rev. 637 (2012)
* When Legal Representation is Deficient: The Challenge of Immigration Cases for the Courts, 143 Daedalus (summer 2014) 37
* Judging Statutes (Oxford University Press, 2014) ISBN 978-0-19-936213-4
* Study Group on Immigrant Representation: The First Decade, 87 Fordham L. Rev. 485 (2018)
* Thomas E. Fairchild Lecture: Civic Education and the Federal Courts, 2019 University of Wisconsin L. Rev. 397 (2019)
* Dedication to Judge Robert A. Katzmann, 75 NYU Annual Survey of American Law 1 (2019)

## InfoBox

| Robert Katzmann | |
| --- | --- |
| Katzmann in 2017 | |
|  | |
| Senior Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit | |
| **In office**
January 21, 2021  June 9, 2021 | |
| Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit | |
| **In office**
September 1, 2013  August 31, 2020 | |
| Preceded by | Dennis Jacobs |
| Succeeded by | Debra Ann Livingston |
| Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit | |
| **In office**
July 14, 1999  January 21, 2021 | |
| Appointed by | Bill Clinton |
| Preceded by | Jon O. Newman |
| Succeeded by | Eunice C. Lee |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Robert Allen Katzmann
(1953-04-22)April 22, 1953
New York City, U.S. |
| Died | June 9, 2021(2021-06-09) (aged 68)
New York City, U.S. |
| Relatives | Gary Katzmann (brother) |
| Education | Columbia University (BA)
Harvard University (MA, PhD)
Yale University (JD) |
|  | |


title: Richard Andrew

abstract: Richard Andrew was a Canon of Windsor from 1450 to 1455, Archdeacon of Sarum from 1441 to 1444 and Dean of York from 1452 - 1477.

text:
# Richard Andrew

**Richard Andrew** (died 1477) was a Canon of Windsor from 1450 to 1455, Archdeacon of Sarum from 1441 to 1444 and Dean of York from 1452 - 1477.

## Career

He was appointed:

* First warden of All Souls College, Oxford 1437 - 1442
* Archdeacon of Sarum 1441 - 1444
* Prebendary of Farringdon in Salisbury 1447
* Prebendary of Stratton in Salisbury 1449
* Prebendary of North Grantham in Salisbury 1454
* Prebendary of Warthill in York 1445
* Prebendary of Newbald in York 1449
* Dean of York 1452 - 1477
* Prebendary of Oxton in Southwell 1461 - 1476
* King's secretary
* Rector of Hayes, Kent

He was appointed to the ninth stall in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle in 1450 and held the canonry until 1455.


title: Sonkhed

abstract: Sonkhed is a village in Loha taluka of Nanded district in Maharashtra state of India.

text:
# Sonkhed

**Sonkhed** is a village in Loha taluka of Nanded district in Maharashtra state of India.

## Demography

Sonkhed is a village with total 1100 families residing. The Sonkhed village has population of 5995 of which 3110 are males while 2885 are females as per Population Census 2011. Average Sex Ratio of Sonkhed village is 928 which is lower than Maharashtra state average of 929.

Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 15.60% while Schedule Tribe (ST) were 0.53% of total population in Sonkhed village.

Sonkhed village has lower literacy rate compared to Maharashtra. In 2011, literacy rate of Sonkhed village was 78.08% compared to 82.34% of Maharashtra. In Sonkhed Male literacy stands at 86.13% while female literacy rate was 69.49%.

## Transport

It is located 22 km towards South from District headquarters Nanded. 16 km from Loha. 536 km from State capital Mumbai.

There is no railway station in Sonkhed, nearest railway stations are Wanegaon(17 km), Limbgaon(18 km), Nanded(19 km). Nearest airport Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji Airport, Nanded is 22 km away.

## Politics

Sonkhed comes under Nanded South for assembly elections of Maharashtra. Current member of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly representing Sonkhed is Hemant Sriram Patil of Shiv Sena since 2014. While it comes under Nanded (Lok Sabha constituency) for Indian general elections. Current member of parliament representing Sonkhed is Ashok Chavan of Indian National Congress who is also former Chief Minister of Maharashtra.

## Culture

Wednesday is the day of weekly market in Sonkhed, hundreds of people from surrounding villages comes to Sonkhed on weekly market day. Well known *Maroti Temple* lie in centre of market place while other temples includes temple of *Sant Tukaram*, Goddess *Satvaai* or *Sataamai*, Goddess *Marimaai*. Besides market place there is grand Mosque for Muslims while Sonkhed also have a Buddhist Vihara which is known as *Samaaj Mandir*. Most of marriages of local Buddhist people takes place at this *Samaaj Mandir*.

## Institutions

Sonkhed is one of major village in Nanded district. It has Primary health centre and Police station, both of which covers 40-60 surrounding small villages. Sonkhed have facility of education till graduation level and students from surrounding small villages come to Sonkhed for studies.

## InfoBox

| Sonkhed | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| SonkhedLocation in Maharashtra, IndiaSonkhedSonkhed (India) | |
| Coordinates: 18°59′28″N 77°06′34″E / 18.99112°N 77.10955°E / 18.99112; 77.10955 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Maharashtra |
| District | Nanded |
| Government | |
| Type | Gram panchayat |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 5,995 |
| Demonym | Sonkhedkar |
| Languages | |
| Official | Marathi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 431708 |
| Telephone code | 02466 |
| Vehicle registration | MH-26 |


title: Chocó screech owl

abstract: The Chocó screech owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found from central Panama to western Ecuador.

text:
# Chocó screech owl

The **Chocó screech owl** (***Megascops centralis***) is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found from central Panama to western Ecuador.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The Chocó screech owl's taxonomy has undergone numerous changes. It has variously been treated as embedded in or a subspecies of the original *Otus guatemalae* and then as a subspecies of *O. vermiculatus* when that was split from *O. guatemalae*. In the early 2000s, all of the New World members of *Otus* were assigned to *Megascops*. As of 2019, the International Ornithological Committee (IOC), the North and South American Classification Committees of the American Ornithological Society (AOS), and the Clements taxonomy treat it as a separate species, *Megascops centralis*. However, BirdLife International's *Handbook of the Birds of the World* treats it as being embedded within *M. vermiculatus vermiculatus*, the nominate subspecies of vermiculated screech owl.

The Chocó screech owl is monotypic.

## Description

The Chocó screech owl is 20.5 to 27 cm (8.1 to 10.6 in) long; two specimens weighed 106.7 and 121.5 g (3.76 and 4.29 oz). It has gray and rufous color morphs and many individuals' plumages are intermediate between the extremes. The gray morph has a grayish white facial disc with blackish bars and a faint black edge, indistinct whitish brows above yellow to red-orange eyes, and short but distinct "ear" tufts. The upperparts are brownish gray mottled with black and buff. The folded wing shows irregular white spots along the margin. Its chin is white and the rest of the underparts white to buffy white with narrow black bars and buffy to gray mottling. The rufous morph is rufous brown above with much less mottling than the gray morph and the undersides are shades of brown.

## Distribution and habitat

The Chocó screech owl is found from central Panama into northwestern Colombia and in a narrow band of western Ecuador. It inhabits the interior and borders of humid primary and secondary forest in lowlands and foothills. In elevation it ranges as high as 1,575 m (5,167 ft) in southwestern Ecuador but is usually found below 1,000 m (3,300 ft).

## Behavior

### Feeding

The Chocó screech owl is usually found in the forest mid-story, but its foraging behavior has not been documented. Its diet is assumed to be large invertebrates and small vertebrates like that of other *Megascops* screech owls.

### Breeding

The Chocó screech owl's breeding season appears to be January to March, based on the one nest that has been found and the collection of a female with a partially formed egg. The nest was in a natural cavity in the trunk of a dead tree. The bottom of the cavity contained bark, wood dust, dry leaves, pellets, remains of prey, and eggshell fragments.

### Vocalization

The Chocó screech owl appears to have only one song, in contrast to most other screech owls that have primary (territorial) and secondary (courtship) songs. It is described as "short...trill with a rapid pace" that starts on an even pitch and then drops. The volume varies throughout.

## Status

The IUCN has not assessed the status of the Chocó screech owl as a separate species, but includes it with the Middle American screech owl (*M. guatemalae*). Though it appears to tolerate some habitat disturbance, it is absent from forest fragments surrounded by agriculture.

## Further reading

* Ridgeley, R.S.; Greenfield, P.J. (2001). *The Birds of Ecuador*. Vol. 1. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-7136-6116-X.
* Ridgeley, R.S.; Greenfield, P.J. (2001). *The Birds of Ecuador*. Vol. 2. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-7136-6117-8.
* Restall, R.L.; Rodner, C.; Lentino, M. (2006). *Birds of Northern South America*. Vol. 1. Christopher Helm. ISBN 0-7136-7243-9.
* Restall, R.L.; Rodner, C.; Lentino, M. (2006). *Birds of Northern South America*. Vol. 2. Christopher Helm. ISBN 0-7136-7242-0.

## InfoBox

| Chocó screech owl | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
| CITES Appendix II (CITES) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Strigiformes |
| Family: | Strigidae |
| Genus: | *Megascops* |
| Species: | ***M. centralis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Megascops centralis***
(Hekstra, 1982) | |
|
|  | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Otus centralis*
*Megascops guatemalae centralis* | |


title: Chocñacota (Putina)

abstract: Chocñacota is a mountain in the Apolobamba mountain range in Peru and the name of a lake near the mountain. The mountain and the lake are situated in the Puno Region, Putina Province, Ananea District, near the Bolivian border. They lie southwest and northwest of the mountains Ichocollo and Palomani. The lake lies northwest of the mountain at 14°41′59″S 69°16′52″W. Chocñacota is also the name of an intermittent stream which originates near the lake. It flows to the west.

text:
# Chocñacota (Putina)

**Chocñacota** (possibly from Aymara *ch'uxña* green, *quta* lake "green lake") is a mountain in the Apolobamba mountain range in Peru and the name of a lake near the mountain. The mountain and the lake are situated in the Puno Region, Putina Province, Ananea District, near the Bolivian border. They lie southwest and northwest of the mountains Ichocollo and Palomani.

The lake lies northwest of the mountain at 14°41′59″S 69°16′52″W / 14.69972°S 69.28111°W / -14.69972; -69.28111.

Chocñacota is also the name of an intermittent stream which originates near the lake. It flows to the west.

## InfoBox

| Chocñacota | |
| --- | --- |
| ChocñacotaPeru | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 5,300 m (17,400 ft) |
| Coordinates | 14°42′56″S 69°16′28″W / 14.71556°S 69.27444°W / -14.71556; -69.27444 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Peru, Puno Region |
| Parent range | Andes, Apolobamba |


title: Chris Pizzotti

abstract: Chris Pizzotti is a former American football quarterback. He was signed by the New York Jets as an undrafted free agent in 2009. He played college football at Harvard. Pizzotti was also a member of the Green Bay Packers.

text:
# Chris Pizzotti

**Chris Pizzotti** (born June 29, 1986) is a former American football quarterback. He was signed by the New York Jets as an undrafted free agent in 2009. He played college football at Harvard.

Pizzotti was also a member of the Green Bay Packers.

## Early life

Pizzotti attended Reading Memorial High School in Reading, Massachusetts.

## College career

Pizzotti attended Harvard University where he majored in Economics. He was selected First-team All-Ivy League in 2007 and 2008.

## Professional career

### New York Jets

After going undrafted in the 2009 NFL draft, Pizzotti was signed by the New York Jets as an undrafted free agent on May 1, 2009. He was waived on August 15, 2009. He was re-signed on August 21, only to be waived again on August 30.

### Green Bay Packers

On December 9, 2009, Pizzotti was signed to the Green Bay Packers practice squad after the team lost former practice squad quarterback Mike Reilly after Reilly was signed to the St. Louis Rams active roster. On January 11, 2010, Pizzotti was signed to reserve/future contract.

On May 20, 2010, the Packers released Pizzotti and signed Graham Harrell.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Chris Pizzotti
| Pizzotti at a June 2009 Jets mini-camp | |
| --- | --- |
| No. 19 | |
| Position: | Quarterback |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1986-06-29) June 29, 1986<br>Reading, Massachusetts, US |
| Height: | 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) |
| Weight: | 225 lb (102 kg) |
| Career information | |
| College: | Harvard |
| Undrafted: | 2009 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Chris Plumridge

abstract: Chris Plumridge was a British golf correspondent and the author of numerous books about golf. He was the golf columnist for The Sunday Telegraph, and also wrote columns for Golf Illustrated and Punch, as well as other newspapers and magazines internationally. Plumridge was born on 21 April 1944 at Fulmer near Gerrards Cross. Growing up, he started playing golf with his elder brother Tim at the Flackwell Heath course in Buckinghamshire. Early in his career, Plumridge wrote that many prominent golf players had physical "imperfections", such as one leg longer than the other, which might be improving their game. He died of complications from respiratory failure.

text:
# Chris Plumridge

**Chris Plumridge** (21 April 1944  3 April 2015) was a British golf correspondent and the author of numerous books about golf. He was the golf columnist for *The Sunday Telegraph*, and also wrote columns for *Golf Illustrated* and *Punch*, as well as other newspapers and magazines internationally.

Plumridge was born on 21 April 1944 at Fulmer near Gerrards Cross. Growing up, he started playing golf with his elder brother Tim at the Flackwell Heath course in Buckinghamshire.

Early in his career, Plumridge wrote that many prominent golf players had physical "imperfections", such as one leg longer than the other, which might be improving their game.

He died of complications from respiratory failure.


title: Christ Church (Guilford, Vermont)

abstract: Christ Church is a historic church located at Melendy Hill Road and US Route 5 in Guilford, Vermont. Built in 1817 and later given Gothic Revival styling, it was the first Episcopal Church in Vermont. On May 13, 1982, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is now owned by the Episcopal Diocese of Vermont and maintained by a local nonprofit organization.

text:
# Christ Church (Guilford, Vermont)

**Christ Church** is a historic church located at Melendy Hill Road and US Route 5 in Guilford, Vermont. Built in 1817 and later given Gothic Revival styling, it was the first Episcopal Church in Vermont. On May 13, 1982, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is now owned by the Episcopal Diocese of Vermont and maintained by a local nonprofit organization.

## Description and history

Christ Church is set on a rise just south of Guilford's village center, overlooking Broad Brook and the junction of Melendy Hill Road and United States Route 5. It is a single-story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof, clapboard siding, and a brick foundation. Its front facade is dominated by a projecting square tower, which rises 60 feet (18 m) in two stages. The tall lower stage has the main entrance, which is framed by pilasters and topped by a semi-oval fanlight window, at the base, and windows topped by half-round fans above, and is topped by a cornice and parapet with pinnacles at the corners. The smaller second stage houses the belfry, with rounded louver openings on each face, and is crowned by a similar parapet and pinnacles. The parapet and pinnacle detail is repeated across the rest of the main facade's cornice line.

The church was built in 1817 with local materials, and was originally a copy of an Episcopal church located in Greenfield, Massachusetts, which is no longer standing. The bronze bell was installed in 1830. In 1837 the building was given the overlay of Gothic Revival details it exhibits today. At that time the original raised pulpit was lowered to the dais, for which for of the original box pews were removed.

The church congregation was first part of the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts until the Episcopal Diocese of Vermont was created in 1832. It suffered a steady decline in size, reflecting that of the town itself. Christ Church ceased to be an active parish of the Episcopal Diocese of Vermont before the 1900s, but has never been deconsecrated and is still used occasionally for Episcopal church services. It has been restored and is now maintained by the Christ Church Guilford Society which uses it primarily as a venue for musical and other cultural events as well as weddings and civil unions.

The pianist Rudolf Serkin is buried in the church cemetery, as is Union Army general John Wolcott Phelps.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Christ Church | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| (2013) | |
|  | |
| Location | Calvin Coolidge Mem. Hwy. (US Route 5) & Melendy Hill Rd.<br>Guilford, Vermont |
| Coordinates | 42°48′58″N 72°34′30″W / 42.81611°N 72.57500°W / 42.81611; -72.57500 |
| Area | 2 acres (0.81 ha) |
| Built | 1817 |
| Architectural style | Gothic Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 82001707 |
| Added to NRHP | May 13, 1982 |


title: Chris "Frenchie" Smith

abstract: Chris "Frenchie" Smith is an American record producer, guitarist and songwriter.

text:
# Chris "Frenchie" Smith

**Chris "Frenchie" Smith** (born in Durant, Oklahoma) is an American record producer, guitarist and songwriter.

## Biography

Smith first began as a guitar player in the Austin, Texas noise-pop band Sixteen Deluxe in 1994. The band signed with Warner Bros. in 1996. After Sixteen Deluxe disbanded in 2000, Smith formed Young Heart Attack in 2001 with Steven Hall and Joey Shuffield from Fastball. Young Heart Attack signed with XL Recordings in 2003 and released their debut album *Mouthful of Love* in 2004. The band did several tours with Motörhead, the Darkness, and Peaches.

Production took more of Smith's focus as time went on and he co-owns The Bubble Recording studio in Austin.

Smith has produced records for many notable acts including ...And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead, Meat Puppets, the Toadies, Gregg Rolie, the Answer, Built to Spill, Jet and Graveltooth. In 2007, Smith was nominated for a Grammy for 'Best Zydeco or Cajun Album' for his work on the Lost Bayou Ramblers album *Live: A La Blue Moon*.

Smith was chosen to speak at the 2009 SXSW Producer Panel convention with other record producers.

## Productions and mixing

The following are notable artists Smith has produced for:

## InfoBox

| Chris "Frenchie" Smith | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Durant, Oklahoma, U.S. |
|  | |
| Website | Discography |


title: Chokhawang

abstract: Chokhawang is a village development committee in Western Rukum District in Karnali Province of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2690 people living in 477 individual households.

text:
# Chokhawang

**Chokhawang**  is a village development committee in Western Rukum District in Karnali Province of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2690 people living in 477 individual households.

1. "National Population and Housing Census 2011(Village Development Committee/Municipality)" (PDF). *Government of Nepal*. National Planning Commission. November 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-21. Retrieved 2017-01-08.

## InfoBox

| Chokhawang चोखावाङ | |
| --- | --- |
| Village development committee | |
| ChokhawangLocation in Nepal | |
| Coordinates: 28°35′N 82°31′E / 28.58°N 82.51°E / 28.58; 82.51 | |
| Country | Nepal |
| Province | Karnali Province |
| District | Western Rukum District |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 3,235 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:45 (Nepal Time) |
| Area code | +977-88 |
| Website | www.ddcrukum.gov.np |


title: Christi Passmore

abstract: Christi Passmore Mack is an American former professional stock car racing driver who has previously competed in the ARCA Re/Max Series and the World of Outlaws.

text:
# Christi Passmore

**Christi Passmore Mack** (born May 27, 1982) is an American former professional stock car racing driver who has previously competed in the ARCA Re/Max Series and the World of Outlaws.

## Racing career

From 1998 to 2001, Passmore competed in various sprint car series' like the World of Outlaws, the Lucas Oil ASCS Sprint Car Dirt Series, the NCRA Outlaw Sprint Car Series, and the All Star Circuit of Champions.

In 2002, Passmore would make her ARCA Re/Max Series at Salem Speedway, driving the No. 91 Ford for Andy Belmont Racing, where she would finish nineteenth after starting fifth. She would make seven more starts that year with a best result of 23rd at Toledo Speedway and Chicagoland Speedway.

In 2003, Passmore would run the full ARCA schedule with her family owned team, where she would finish eighth in the points with seven top-tens and one top-five at Talladega Superspeedway on route to finishing runner-up in the rookie of the year standings behind Bill Eversole. She would finish eighth in the points standings again he following year, this time getting ten top-tens and four top-fives with a best finish of third at Chicagoland. Afterwards, she would run select races in 2005, getting four top-tens in thirteen starts with best finish of sixth at Pocono Raceway. She would run one more ARCA race in 2006, finishing 27th at Daytona International Speedway due to being involved in a multi-car crash late in the race. She has not competed in the series since then.

## Personal life

Passmore is currently the president for G.A.P. Roofing Inc., which served as her sponsor during her time in ARCA.

## Motorsports results

### ARCA Re/Max Series

(key) (**Bold** – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. *Italics* – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)

| ARCA Re/Max Series results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | ARMC | Pts | Ref |
| 2002 | Andy Belmont Racing | 91 | Ford | DAY | ATL | NSH | SLM
19 | KEN
41 | CLT | KAN
25 | POC | MCH | TOL
23 | SBO | KEN | BLN
24 | POC
37 | NSH | ISF | WIN
27 | DSF | CHI
23 | SLM | TAL | CLT |  | 37th | 750 |  |
| 2003 | Christi Passmore Racing | | Dodge | DAY
28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 8th | 4515 |  |
| | | | | | | Ford |  | ATL
13 | NSH
9 | SLM
9 | TOL
17 | KEN
12 | CLT
14 | BLN
29 | KAN
25 | MCH
29 | LER
10 | POC
8 | POC
19 | NSH
11 | ISF
20 | WIN
23 | DSF
22 | CHI
9 | SLM
27 | TAL
5 | CLT
7 | SBO
28 |
| | | | 2004 | DAY
27 | NSH
24 | SLM
26 | KEN
5 | TOL
27 | CLT
27 | KAN
10 | POC
26 | MCH
5 | SBO
7 | BLN
13 | KEN
7 | GTW
4 | POC
6 | LER
8 | NSH
14 | ISF
11 | TOL
11 | DSF
21 | CHI
3 | SLM
9 | TAL
40 |  | 8th | 4690 |  |
| | | | 2005 | DAY
24 | NSH
37 | SLM
10 | KEN
8 | TOL
20 | LAN | MIL
Wth | POC
6 | MCH
36 | KAN
29 | KEN
35 | BLN | POC
28 | GTW
32 | LER | NSH | MCH | ISF | TOL | DSF | CHI
39 | SLM | TAL
9 | 29th | 1675 |  |
| | | | 2006 | DAY
27 | NSH | SLM | WIN | KEN | TOL | POC | MCH | KAN | KEN | BLN | POC | GTW | NSH | MCH | ISF | MIL | TOL | DSF | CHI | SLM | TAL | IOW | 146th | 95 |  |

## InfoBox

| Christi Passmore | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1982-05-27) May 27, 1982
Pryor, Oklahoma |
| ARCA Menards Series career | |
| 66 races run over 5 years | |
| Best finish | 8th (2003), (2004) |
| First race | 2002 Kentuckiana Ford Dealers 200 (Salem) |
| Last race | 2006 Daytona ARCA 200 (Daytona) |
| Wins Top tens Poles  0 21 0 | |
|  | |
| *Statistics current as of July 8, 2023.* | |


title: Christi Potgieter

abstract: Hester Christina Potgieter, known as Christi Potgieter, is a South African former professional tennis player. Her married name is Slabbert. Born in Bloemfontein, Potgieter was raised on a farm near Petrusville, Northern Cape. She attended Eunice High School in Bloemfontein and played collegiate tennis for Texas A&M. Competing briefly in professional tennis, she attained best rankings of 632 for singles and 410 for doubles. In 2010 she was a member of the South Africa Fed Cup team, winning one singles and two doubles rubbers. Her sister Elzé has also played Fed Cup tennis for South Africa.

text:
# Christi Potgieter

**Hester Christina Potgieter** (born 15 October 1992), known as **Christi Potgieter**, is a South African former professional tennis player. Her married name is Slabbert.

Born in Bloemfontein, Potgieter was raised on a farm near Petrusville, Northern Cape. She attended Eunice High School in Bloemfontein and played collegiate tennis for Texas A&M. Competing briefly in professional tennis, she attained best rankings of 632 for singles and 410 for doubles. In 2010 she was a member of the South Africa Fed Cup team, winning one singles and two doubles rubbers. Her sister Elzé has also played Fed Cup tennis for South Africa.

## ITF finals

### Doubles: 2 (2–0)

| Outcome | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Winner | 1. | Oct 2008 | ITF Pretoria, South Africa | Hard | Bianca Swanepoel | Tegan Edwards
Davinia Lobbinger | 6–1, 6–3 |
| Winner | 2. | Nov 2008 | ITF Pretoria 2, South Africa | Hard | Bianca Swanepoel | Surina De Beer
Lisa Marshall | 6–3, 6–3 |

## InfoBox

Christi Potgieter
| Full name | Hester Christina Potgieter |
| --- | --- |
| Country (sports) | South Africa |
| Born | (1992-10-15) 15 October 1992
Bloemfontein, South Africa |
| Height | 5 ft 6 in (168 cm) |
| Plays | Right-handed |
| Singles | |
| Highest ranking | No. 632 (2 Nov 2009) |
| Doubles | |
| Career titles | 2 ITF |
| Highest ranking | No. 410 (5 Oct 2009) |


title: Christi McGarry

abstract: Christi Lynn Landrito McGarry is a Filipina model and beauty pageant titleholder who represented Taguig at Miss Universe Philippines 2024. She was previously crowned Binibining Pilipinas Intercontinental 2015 and represented the Philippines at Miss Intercontinental 2015 where she finished first runner-up.

text:
# Christi McGarry

**Christi Lynn Landrito McGarry** is a Filipina model and beauty pageant titleholder who represented Taguig at Miss Universe Philippines 2024.

She was previously crowned Binibining Pilipinas Intercontinental 2015 and represented the Philippines at Miss Intercontinental 2015 where she finished first runner-up.

## Pageantry

### Miss New Jersey Teen USA 2008

McGarry entered Miss New Jersey Teen USA 2008, and was first runner-up to Michelle Leonardo.

### Mutya ng Pilipinas 2010

McGarry entered Mutya ng Pilipinas 2010 and was crowned Mutya ng Pilipinas Asia Pacific 2010. She replaced Janina Lizardo, Mutya ng Pilipinas Intercontinental 2010, to represent the Philippines at Miss Intercontinental 2010.

### Miss Intercontinental 2010

McGarry represented the Philippines at the Miss Intercontinental 2010 pageant and finished as one of the top 15 semifinalist, and also received the Miss Intercontinental Continental Queen of Asia and the Pacific award.

### Top Model of the World 2010

McGarry was appointed by the Mutya ng Pilipinas organization to represent the Philippines at Top Model of the World 2010 and finished as a top 15 semifinalist.

### Binibining Pilipinas 2015

McGarry entered Binibining Pilipinas 2015 and was crowned Binibining Pilipinas Intercontinental 2015.

### Miss Intercontinental 2015

McGarry represented the Philippines at the Miss Intercontinental 2015 pageant in Magdeburg, Germany, and was the first Filipina to represent the country twice in the same international pageant. She finished first runner-up along with the Miss Intercontinental Continental Queen of Asia and Oceania award.

## InfoBox

| Christi McGarry | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Christi Lynn Landrito McGarry |
| Height | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |
| **Beauty pageant titleholder** | |
| Title |  |
| Major<br>competition(s) | * Miss New Jersey Teen USA * (1st Runner-Up) * Mutya ng Pilipinas 2010 * (Winner – Mutya ng Pilipinas Asia Pacific 2010) * Miss Intercontinental 2010 * (Top 15) * (Continental Queen of Asia and Oceania) * Top Model of the World 2010 * (Top 15) * Binibining Pilipinas 2015 * (Winner – Binibining Pilipinas Intercontinental 2015) * Miss Intercontinental 2015 * (1st Runner-Up) * (Continental Queen of Asia and Oceania) * Miss Universe Philippines 2024 * (4th Runner-Up) |
|  | |


title: Sonning Lock

abstract: Sonning Lock is a lock and associated weir situated on the River Thames at the village of Sonning near Reading, Berkshire, England. The first lock was built by the Thames Navigation Commission in 1773 and it has been rebuilt three times since then. There is a weir a little upstream at the top of the island where Sonning Backwater separates from the main course of the river.

text:
# Sonning Lock

| Sonning Lock |
| --- |
|  |
|  |

**Sonning Lock** is a lock and associated weir situated on the River Thames at the village of Sonning near Reading, Berkshire, England. The first lock was built by the Thames Navigation Commission in 1773 and it has been rebuilt three times since then. There is a weir a little upstream at the top of the island where Sonning Backwater separates from the main course of the river.

## History

A weir at Sonning is recorded as belonging to the Blunte family in the 15th century. This was associated with the mill and fisheries and mention is made of a "Locke-heise" at this time. The flash lock was replaced in 1773 by the pound lock. This was the highest upstream of the eight locks constructed after the navigation act of 1770. It was commissioned in 1771 but took two years to build. Fir wood was originally used for these locks, but this decayed very quickly and was replaced at Sonning by oak in 1787. Repairs took place in 1827 when the old flash lock was brought back temporarily into use. By this time a lock house had been built.

The lock-keeper from 1845 to 1878 was James Sadler, a poet and beekeeper. He wrote verses about the river and about bees, and is credited with the invention of the Berkshire hive. One of his works *The Thames from Oxford to Windsor* is a rhymed list of the locks, bridges and towns.

The lock was rebuilt in 1868. The weirs were reconstructed in 1898 and further rebuilding of the lock occurred in 1905.

## Access to the lock

The lock is a short walk upstream from Sonning Bridge, which itself is close to the centre of Sonning. It is also accessible via a short footpath between St Andrew's Church and the river. The path by the river continues into the town of Reading.

## Reach above the lock

On the southern Berkshire bank, on the approach into Reading is the Thames Valley Park. Beyond the northern Oxfordshire bank are Caversham Lakes which include the Redgrave Pinsent Rowing Lake and the Thames & Kennet Marina. Access to these is on the upper part of the reach, opposite the entrance to the River Kennet at Blake's Lock. There is a bend in the river before Herons Island, View Island and Caversham Lock. Sonning Regatta takes place at Sonning in May, while Reading Town Regatta and Thames Valley Park Regatta are held further upstream in June.

There are navigation transit markers just downstream of the entrance to the Thames & Kennet Marina, to allow river users to check their speed.

Thames Path

The Thames Path stays on the southern bank all the way to Caversham Lock, crossing the River Kennet on Horseshoe Bridge, which is attached to Brunel's Great Western Railway Bridge.

## Literature and the media

> "The floral tastes of the lock-keeper generally make Sonning Lock very bright and gay." — *Charles Dickens* (1882)

> Is there a spot more lovely than the rest,
> By art improved, by nature truly blest?
> A noble river at its base running,
> It is a little village known as Sonning.
>
> *James Sadler* (1845–1885), Sonning lock keeper

51°28′21″N 0°55′07″W / 51.47258°N 0.91868°W / 51.47258; -0.91868

## InfoBox

| Sonning Lock | |
| --- | --- |
| Sonning Lock from the head gates. | |
|  | |
| Waterway | River Thames |
| County | Berkshire |
| Maintained by | Environment Agency |
| Operation | Hydraulic |
| First built | 1773 |
| Latest built | 1905 |
| Length | 47.57 m (156 ft 1 in) |
| Width | 5.46 m (17 ft 11 in) |
| Fall | 1.63 m (5 ft 4 in) |
| Above sea level | 115' |
| Distance to <br>Teddington Lock | 52 miles |
| Power is available out of hours | |