title: Felix of Bourges

abstract: Felix of Bourges was a bishop of Bourges who later became recognized as a saint. Relatively few details of Felix's life are known. He is known to have been consecrated bishop by Germain of Paris around 560. A man of great wisdom, he is known to have taken part in the fourth Council of Paris in 573. Venantius Fortunatus addressed a poem to Felix regarding a golden pyx which Felix commissioned. Felix was originally buried in the church of Austregisilus de Castro, outside the city's walls. Popular veneration of him developed quickly. Gregory of Tours relates that twelve years after Felix's death, the stone slab which covered his remains was replaced by a slab of more precious material. Several miracles were reported as having occurred to those who drank water containing some of the stone dust from the original slab. Felix had a strong devotion to the Holy Eucharist, and many miracles are attributed to his intercession. He is invoked against fevers.

text:
# Felix of Bourges

**Felix of Bourges** (died c. 580) was a bishop of Bourges who later became recognized as a saint.

Relatively few details of Felix's life are known. He is known to have been consecrated bishop by Germain of Paris around 560. A man of great wisdom, he is known to have taken part in the fourth Council of Paris in 573. Venantius Fortunatus addressed a poem to Felix regarding a golden pyx which Felix commissioned.

Felix was originally buried in the church of Austregisilus de Castro, outside the city's walls. Popular veneration of him developed quickly. Gregory of Tours relates that twelve years after Felix's death, the stone slab which covered his remains was replaced by a slab of more precious material. Several miracles were reported as having occurred to those who drank water containing some of the stone dust from the original slab.

Felix had a strong devotion to the Holy Eucharist, and many miracles are attributed to his intercession. He is invoked against fevers.

## Sources

* Burns, Paul. *Butler's Lives of the Saints:New Full Edition.* Collegeville, MN:The Liturgical Press, 1995. ISBN 0-8146-2377-8.


title: Fe, Esperanza, Caridad

abstract: Fe, Esperanza, Caridad is a 1974 Filipino film, produced by Premiere Productions. It is a trilogy featuring Nora Aunor giving life to the stories of three women: Fe—an emerging movie superstar who has an invalid husband—, Esperanza—a young wife living in a middle-class neighborhood in the city—and Caridad—a young novice who was seduced by the devil himself. The film was directed by three acclaimed directors namely Cirio H. Santiago and two National Artists for Film; Gerardo de Leon and Lamberto V. Avellana.

text:
# Fe, Esperanza, Caridad

***Fe, Esperanza, Caridad*** (transl.*Faith, Hope and Charity*) is a 1974 Filipino film, produced by Premiere Productions. It is a trilogy featuring Nora Aunor giving life to the stories of three women: Fean emerging movie superstar who has an invalid husband, Esperanzaa young wife living in a middle-class neighborhood in the cityand Caridada young novice who was seduced by the devil himself.

The film was directed by three acclaimed directors namely Cirio H. Santiago and two National Artists for Film; Gerardo de Leon and Lamberto V. Avellana.

## Synopsis

### *Fe (First Segment)*

### *Esperanza (Second Segment)*

### *Caridad (Third Segment)*

Caridad ("Charity") (Nora Aunor), a nun who loves Rodrigo (Ronaldo Valdez), the gardener in the convent. Caridad is experiencing a complex feeling of a woman fighting for the love she for Rodrigo and her vow as a nun. When Caridad discovered that Rodrigo and Satan are the same entity, Rodrigo made her life like hell. Although repugnant, Caridad continued dealing with Rodrigo in the hope that she could convince him to return to the Lord. In return for that plea, Caridad will do anything, even jump off the cliff.

## Cast

### Fe

* Nora Aunor as Fe
* Dindo Fernando as Tony Artiaga
* Ruben Rustia as Don Benito

### Esperanza

* Nora Aunor as Esperanza
* Jay Ilagan as Doming
* Divina Valencia as Aling Vina
* Bert LeRoy Jr. as Vic
* Rosa Aguirre as Aling Rosa
* Romy Lapus as Boyet
* Rino Bermudez as Mang Inggo

### Caridad

## Recognition

| Year | Group | Category | Nominee | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1975 | 23rd FAMAS Awards | Best Actress | Nora Aunor | Nominated |
| | | Best Actor | Ronaldo Valdez | Nominated |
| | | Best Supporting Actor | Ruben Rustia | Nominated |

## InfoBox

| Fe, Esperanza, Caridad | |
| --- | --- |
| Movie Poster | |
| Directed by |  |
| Screenplay by | * Donato Valentin (segment *"Esperanza"*) * Rino Bermudez (segment *"Esperanza"*) * Ka Ikong (segment *"Caridad"*) * Jojo Lapus (segment *"Caridad"*) * Gerardo de Leon (segment *"Caridad"*) |
| Story by | * Donato Valentin (segment *"Esperanza"*) * Rino Bermudez (segment *"Esperanza"*) * Gerardo de Leon (segment *"Caridad"*) |
| Produced by | * Digna Santiago * Danilo Santiago |
| Starring | Nora Aunor |
| Cinematography | * Ricardo M. David (segment *"Caridad"*) * Justo Paulino (segment *"Esperanza"*) |
| Edited by | * Edgardo Vinarao * Ben Barcelon |
| Music by |  |
| Production<br>company | Premiere Productions |
| Release date | * April 10, 1974 (1974-04-10) |
| Country | Philippines |
| Language | Filipino |


abstract:
%5B%5BWikipedia%3ARedirects+for+discussion%5D%5D+debate+closed+as+delete
#REDIRECT Eating disorder

text:
# Feminist perspectives on eating disorders

#REDIRECT Eating disorder

* **From other capitalisation**: This is a redirect from a title with another method of capitalisation. It leads to the title in accordance with the Wikipedia naming conventions for capitalisation, or it leads to a title that is associated in some way with the conventional capitalisation of this redirect title. This may help writing, searching and international language issues.
    + If this redirect is an incorrect capitalisation, then {{R from miscapitalisation}} should be used *instead*, and pages that use this link should be updated to link *directly* to the target. Miscapitalisations can be tagged in *any namespace*.
    + Use this rcat to tag *only* mainspace redirects; when other capitalisations are in other namespaces, use {{R from modification}} *instead*.


title: Fennville, Michigan

abstract: Fennville is a city in Allegan County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,745 at the 2020 census. Located on M-89 on the boundary between Manlius Township to the north and Clyde Township to the south, Fennville is located about 11 miles (18 km) southeast of the city of Saugatuck and about 13 miles (21 km) west-northwest of the city of Allegan. It is about 13 miles (21 km) south of Holland, about 16 miles (26 km) northeast of South Haven and roughly 40 miles (64 km) miles southwest of Grand Rapids.

text:
# Fennville, Michigan

**Fennville** is a city in Allegan County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,745 at the 2020 census.

Located on M-89 on the boundary between Manlius Township to the north and Clyde Township to the south, Fennville is located about 11 miles (18 km) southeast of the city of Saugatuck and about 13 miles (21 km) west-northwest of the city of Allegan. It is about 13 miles (21 km) south of Holland, about 16 miles (26 km) northeast of South Haven and roughly 40 miles (64 km) miles southwest of Grand Rapids.

## History

The "official" and widely accepted account of how the city came to be known as Fennville, is that an early white settler by the name of Elam Atwater Fenn built a saw mill in the immediate vicinity of the current community. This led to people referring to the settlement as "Fenn's Mill" which became the name associated with the post office there. Some early documents pluralized "Mill" to render "Fenn's Mills." The first road through what was to be Fennville was built by Harrison Hutchins and James McCormick in 1837.

A fire (possibly related to the Great Chicago Fire or Great Michigan Fire) destroyed the village in October 1871. About that time, the paperwork (timetables and such) for the recently completed Chicago and Michigan Lake Shore Railroad arrived which identified the community's station as "Fennville." This was thought by some at the time (including Hutchins) to have been the result of clerical error. However, Fenn himself recorded that the change in name had been suggested by and mutually agreed upon among certain leaders of the community in conjunction with the establishment of the new railroad station. The post office name was then changed to "Fennville" to match the station's name. The community was officially incorporated as the village of Fennville on February 20, 1889.

A United States atlas from 1895 indicates the town name was in some cases broken into two words, as in "Fenn Ville." Yet another documented variation was "Fennsville," as found in a plat book from 1873.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.11 square miles (2.87 km2), of which 1.10 square miles (2.85 km2) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.03 km2) is water.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1890 | 360 |  |  |
| 1900 | 454 |  | 26.1% |
| 1910 | 533 |  | 17.4% |
| 1920 | 547 |  | 2.6% |
| 1930 | 622 |  | 13.7% |
| 1940 | 643 |  | 3.4% |
| 1950 | 639 |  | −0.6% |
| 1960 | 705 |  | 10.3% |
| 1970 | 811 |  | 15.0% |
| 1980 | 934 |  | 15.2% |
| 1990 | 1,023 |  | 9.5% |
| 2000 | 1,459 |  | 42.6% |
| 2010 | 1,398 |  | −4.2% |
| 2020 | 1,745 |  | 24.8% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 1,398 people, 505 households, and 346 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,270.9 inhabitants per square mile (490.7/km2). There were 588 housing units at an average density of 534.5 per square mile (206.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 72.6% White, 1.9% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 20.7% from other races, and 4.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 39.1% of the population.

There were 505 households, of which 45.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.2% were married couples living together, 17.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 8.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.5% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.36.

The median age in the city was 28.7 years. 34.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.4% were from 25 to 44; 20.7% were from 45 to 64; and 7.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.3% male and 49.7% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,459 people, 484 households, and 349 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,378.4 inhabitants per square mile (532.2/km2). There were 552 housing units at an average density of 521.5 per square mile (201.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 73.27% White, 3.15% African American, 0.75% Native American, 0.34% Asian, 19.81% from other races, and 2.67% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 32.63% of the population.

There were 484 households, out of which 48.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.4% were married couples living together, 16.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.7% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.01 and the average family size was 3.53.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 38.0% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 15.1% from 45 to 64, and 6.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 88.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $39,013, and the median income for a family was $40,875. Males had a median income of $32,833 versus $25,556 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,127. About 9.7% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.5% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those aged 65 or over.

## Education

The Fennville Public Schools district includes:

* Fennville High School (9-12)
* Fennville Middle School (6-8)
* Fennville Elementary School (K-5)
* Pearl Alternative/Adult Education School (9-12)

The Discovery Elementary School, a chartered public school academy located in Fennville, closed at the end of the 2009 school year.

## Tourism

### Goose Festival

Each October since 1984, Fennville has held an annual local event known as the Goose Festival. Fennville's Goose Festival promotes the abundance of area game and wildlife, with a special emphasis on thousands of Canada geese as they pass through the nearby Todd Farm Unit of the Allegan State Game Area during their seasonal migration. One impetus for creating the festival was to encourage passenger train visitation via Amtrak on the railway that runs through Fennville. Tens of thousands of people flock to the small town each year to enjoy the various activities and attractions planned and managed by the volunteer-based Goose Festival organization that operates the Goose Festival.

### Wine

Also playing a role in Fennville's appeal as a tourist destination, the city and surrounding region is an American Viticultural Area, the Fennville AVA, known for the production of Michigan wine.

## Notable people

42°35′40.98″N 86°06′18.75″W / 42.5947167°N 86.1052083°W / 42.5947167; -86.1052083

## InfoBox

| Fennville, Michigan | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Top to bottom, left to right:
Main Street/M-89 facing West, historic grain silos, the Kingsley House | |
| Location of Fennville, Michigan | |
| Coordinates: 42°35′40.98″N 86°6′18.75″W / 42.5947167°N 86.1052083°W / 42.5947167; -86.1052083 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Michigan |
| County | Allegan |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.10 sq mi (2.85 km2) |
| Land | 1.09 sq mi (2.83 km2) |
| Water | 0.01 sq mi (0.03 km2) |
| Elevation | 666 ft (203 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 1,745 |
| Density | 1,599.45/sq mi (617.30/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 49408 |
| Area code | 269 |
| FIPS code | 26-27740 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1626274 |
| Website | www.fennville.gov |


title: Fenny Compton West railway station

abstract: Fenny Compton West railway station was a railway station serving Fenny Compton in the English county of Warwickshire.

text:
# Fenny Compton West railway station

**Fenny Compton West railway station** was a railway station serving Fenny Compton in the English county of Warwickshire.

## History

It was opened by East and West Junction Railway between Stratford upon Avon and Towcester. The first section of the line to open was the Fenny Compton to Kineton section on 1 June 1871 followed by the Kineton to Stratford upon Avon section on 1 July 1873.

There were two platforms to serve the passing loop on the otherwise single line. It was built side by side with the GWR's Fenny Compton station on the Birmingham & Oxford Junction Railway which had opened in 1852. The up platform was directly next to the GWR down, but because the latter's goods yard was in between, the E&W one tapered down to less than 3 feet instead of the required six - something which the Board of Trade inspector ordered should be rectified but which was never done.

In fact the Board of Trade had been extremely critical of the impecunious line. On the first visit of its inspector for, it had commented on deficient ballast, missing fish bolts, incomplete points interlocking, as well as poor fencing and lack of station facilities, such as name boards and clocks

The line became part of the Stratford-upon-Avon and Midland Junction Railway in a merger of 1908 and at grouping in 1923 it became part of the London Midland and Scottish Railway.

The LMS found it a useful link between its Bristol and London routes in competition with GWR goods traffic to the Capital.

Initially the line had its own signal box, but in 1931 a new joint LMS and GWR box was built to the north of the station. This in turn was replaced by British Rail in 1960.

Passenger services finished on the E&W in 1952. Subsequently, the up platform was removed, and various connecting lines were installed to allow through goods traffic. However this never materialised because the line was closed as a through route in 1965. A stub of the Stratford upon Avon line remains as a freight line leading to the Kineton Military Railway. The GWR line remains as the present day Didcot to Chester line. Although the station trackwork remains much as it was, the platforms and most of the buildings have gone.

## Routes

| Preceding station |  | Disused railways |  | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| North End |  | SMJR
East and West Junction Railway |  | Byfield |

## Further reading

* Jordan, A. (1982). *The Stratford upon Avon and Midland Junction Railway: The Shakespeare Route*. Oxford Railway Publishing Company.
* Dunn, J.M. (1952). *The Stratford upon Avon & Midland Junction Railway*. South Godstone: The Oakwood Press.

52°10′22″N 1°22′37″W / 52.1729°N 1.3770°W / 52.1729; -1.3770

## InfoBox

| Fenny Compton West | |
| --- | --- |
| General information | |
| Location | Fenny Compton, District of Stratford-on-Avon
England |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Other information | |
| Status | Disused |
| History | |
| Original company | East and West Junction Railway |
| Pre-grouping | SuA&MJR |
| Post-grouping | London, Midland and Scottish Railway
Western Region of British Railways |
| Key dates | |
| 1 June 1871 | Station opens |
| 1 August 1877 | Station closes |
| 22 February 1885 | Station reopens |
| 7 April 1952 | Station closes |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Ferdinand de Lasteyrie

abstract: Ferdinand de Lasteyrie (1810-1879) was a French politician. He served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1842 to 1846, representing Seine, and as a member of the National Assembly from 1848 to 1851, also representing Seine. He died on May 12, 1879.

text:
# Ferdinand de Lasteyrie

**Ferdinand de Lasteyrie** (1810-1879) was a French politician. He served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1842 to 1846, representing Seine, and as a member of the National Assembly from 1848 to 1851, also representing Seine. He died on May 12, 1879.

## InfoBox

| Ferdinand de Lasteyrie | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Ferdinand Charles Léon de Lasteyrie du Saillant
June 15, 1810
Paris, France |
| Died | May 12, 1879
Paris, France |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Children | Robert de Lasteyrie |
| Parent | Charles Philibert de Lasteyrie |
| Relatives | Charles de Lasteyrie (grandson) |


title: Felix Trinidad Sr.

abstract: Felix Trinidad Sr. is a Puerto Rican former professional boxer and prominent boxing trainer. Mostly remembered for training his son, International Boxing Hall of Fame member Félix Trinidad, Felix Trinidad Sr. nevertheless was a Featherweight boxer during the middle and late 1970s and the early 1980s, who fought the likes of Salvador Sanchez and Enrique Solis.

text:
# Felix Trinidad Sr.

**Felix Trinidad Sr.** is a Puerto Rican former professional boxer and prominent boxing trainer. Mostly remembered for training his son, International Boxing Hall of Fame member Félix Trinidad, Felix Trinidad Sr. nevertheless was a Featherweight boxer during the middle and late 1970s and the early 1980s, who fought the likes of Salvador Sanchez and Enrique Solis.

## Boxing career

Trinidad Sr. began his professional boxer career by taking on 9-1 Nick Ortiz on March 31, 1975, in San Juan, losing by sixth-round knockout. Three weeks later, he got his first professional boxing win when he defeated a debutant, Francisco Sullivan, by a second-round knockout, also in San Juan.

Trinidad Sr. lost two of his next three bouts and took time off boxing from 1976 to 1978, when he returned on January 14 with a victory over 1-2 Fernando Rivera by six rounds decision at Carolina, Puerto Rico. Trinidad Sr. followed that win with three more victories and then he was given a chance at winning the vacant Puerto Rican national featherweight title on November 27 of the same year-1978-as part of the undercard in which Solis lost to Eusebio Pedroza at the Roberto Clemente Coliseum in San Juan for Pedroza's WBA world Featherweight title. His rival that night, the same Fernando Rivera that Trinidad Sr. had previously defeated, was by now 4–3 in seven bouts. Trinidad Sr. won the Puerto Rican national Featherweight title by outpointing Rivera again, this time over twelve rounds.

Next, Trinidad Sr. had his first fight abroad, against up-and-comer, future WBC world Featherweight champion and International Boxing Hall of Fame member, 31-1-1 Salvador Sanchez. This bout took place on August 7, 1979, at The Summit in Houston, Texas, United States, and Trinidad Sr. lasted until the fifth round, when he was stopped by the young Mexican. A loss to Enrique Solis on December 18 by ninth-round knockout followed, then two more losses, one to future world title challenger, 14-1 Carlos Pinango by a knockout in round eight at Caracas, Venezuela on August 18, 1980, before Trinidad Sr. posted what would turn out to be his last win as a professional boxer, beating 7-2 Fernando Ortiz on January 29, 1981. On February 19, 1981, Trinidad Sr. tried to regain his by now vacant national Featherweight championship against debuting Dagoberto Agosto. In what would turn out to be his last fight, he lost to Agosto by a twelve-round decision.

Trinidad Sr. retired with a record of 8 wins and 8 losses in 16 professional boxing bouts, 5 wins coming by way of knockout.

During at least part of his career as a boxer, Trinidad Sr. sparred in a ring with another member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame, Wilfred Benítez.

## Training career

Early in 1990, Trinidad Sr. announced that his son, Félix Trinidad Jr., would begin a professional boxing career of his own instead of waiting for the 1992 Summer Olympics due to a dispute with the local amateur boxing authority. He was severely criticized by some on the national press, but the Trinidads went on with their plans.

In 1993, Félix Trinidad Jr. became Trinidad Sr's first world boxing champion when he knocked out Maurice Blocker in two rounds to win the IBF's world Welterweight title. Eight years later, Trinidad Sr. led Nelson Dieppa to a world championship also. In addition to those two boxers, he also trained his nephew, Juan Gomez Trinidad, Fres Oquendo and Felix Flores.

Trinidad Sr. also acted as his son's manager. In 2000, he won the Al Buck Award as the Boxing Writers Association of America's "manager of the year".

### Hand-wraps controversy

Before his son's fight with Bernard Hopkins on September 29, 2001, Trinidad Sr. wrapped his hands in order to put boxing gloves on them. Hopkins' trainer Nazim Richardson argued that the hand-wrapping technique used by Trinidad Sr. was illegal in New York City, the place where the fight took place. Richardson and Hopkins refused to get into the ring until Trinidad Jr's hands were re-wrapped. This in turn led to a large amount of rumors about Trinidad Sr. In the end, however, it was clarified that Trinidad Sr. was not giving his son an unfair advantage, and Trinidad Sr. and his son were allowed to compete in New York again.

## Professional boxing record

| 16 fights | 8 wins | 8 losses |
| --- | --- | --- |
| By knockout | 5 | 4 |
| By decision | 3 | 4 |

| No. | Result | Record | Opponent | Type | Round, time | Date | Location | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16 | Loss | 8–8 | Dagoberto Agosto | PTS | 12 | Feb 19, 1981 | Trujillo Alto Puerto Rico | For vacant Puerto Rican featherweight title |
| 15 | Win | 8–7 | Fernando Ortiz | PTS | 10 | Jan 29, 1981 | Trujillo Alto Puerto Rico |  |
| 14 | Loss | 7–7 | Carlos Piñango | KO | 8 (8), | Aug 18, 1980 | Caracas |  |
| 13 | Loss | 7–6 | Jose Luis Alejandro | PTS | 10 | May 19, 1980 | San juan Pueto Rico |  |
| 12 | Loss | 7–5 | Enrique Solis | TKO | 9 (10), | Dec 18, 1979 | Stadium Rio Piedras |  |
| 11 | Loss | 7–4 | Salvador Sanchez | TKO | 5 (10) | Aug 7, 1979 | Summit Houston Texas U.S. |  |
| 10 | Win | 7–3 | Fernando Rivera | PTS | 12 | Nov 11, 1978 | Colesium Roberto Clememnte San Juan Puerto Rico | Won vacant Puerto Rican Featherweight title |
| 9 | Win | 6–3 | Maelo Santana | KO | 4 (10) | Sep 18, 1978 | Rio Piedras Puerto Rico |  |
| 8 | Win | 5–3 | Ruben Adordo | KO | 1 (8) | May 20, 1978 | Country Club Stadium, Carolina Puerto Rico |  |
| 7 | Win | 4–3 | Manny Quiles | TKO | 4 (6) | Apr 22, 1978 | Coliseo Roberto Clemente, San Juan Puerto Rico |  |
| 6 | Win | 3–3 | Fernando Rivera | PTS | 6 | Jan 14, 1978 | Carolina Puerto Rico |  |
| 5 | Loss | 2–3 | Jose Antonio Rosa | KO | 2 (6) 2:21 | May 31, 1976 | Coliseo Roberto Clemente San Juan Puerto Rico |  |
| 4 | Win | 2–2 | Frankie Aponto | KO | 4 (6) | Nov 6, 1975 | San Juan Puerto Rico |  |
| 3 | Loss | 1–2 | Carlos Rodriguez | PTS | 6 | Nov 3, 1975 | Roberto Clemente Colesium, San Jaun Puerto Rico |  |
| 2 | Win | 1–1 | Francisco Sullivan | KO | 2 (6), | Apr 26, 1975 | San Juan, Puerto Rico |  |
| 1 | Loss | 0–1 | Nick Ortiz | KO | 6 (6), | Mar 31, 1975 | San Juan, Puerto Rico |  |

## Other

In July 2012, during a radio interview at a station named Z-93, Trinidad Sr. slapped show host Rony Campos, known as "Rony The Hyper" on his face. This was part of a challenge by Hyper to Trinidad Sr. himself and was done in jest.

During 2012, Trinidad, Sr. along with his son and others like former baseball player Juan González and sportscaster Rafael Bracero, was inducted into the Puerto Rico Sports Hall of Fame.

On April 10, 2014, both Félix Trinidad Jr. and his father asked their debtors to stop seeking payments of some debts due to Trinidad Jr. losing most of the money earned in his professional boxing career to some investments on local government bonds made for him by former Trinidad Jr. financial advisor Jose Ramos.

Some weeks later, when Trinidad Jr. was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame, he dedicated the induction to his father Trinidad Sr.

In 2022, Trinidad Sr. and his son were both inducted into the Indiana Boxing Hall of Fame.

On February 13, 2023, the Trinidad's reached a confidential agreement to solve their problems with their debtors, including Banco Popular de Puerto Rico, without going to court.


title: Felix Timmermans

abstract:
Leopold Maximiliaan Felix Timmermans is a much translated author from Flanders.
He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature three times.

text:
# Felix Timmermans

**Leopold Maximiliaan Felix Timmermans** (5 July 1886 – 24 January 1947) is a much translated author from Flanders. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature three times.

## Life

Timmermans was born in the Belgian city of Lier, as the thirteenth of fourteen children. He died in Lier at age 60. He was an autodidact, and wrote plays, historical novels, religious works, and poems. His best-known book is *Pallieter* (1916). Timmermans also wrote under the pen-name *Polleke van Mher*.

He was a painter and drawer as well as an author.

During the first years of the Second World War, Timmermans was editor of the Flemish nationalist *Volk*. He also attended meetings of the *Europäische Schriftsteller-Vereinigung* (European Writers' League), which was initiated by Joseph Goebbels. Because of this, and because of the Rembrandt prize he received in 1942 from the University of Hamburg, he was seen by many as a collaborator, which may have caused health problems and premature death.

## Bibliography

* 1907: Door de dagen. Indrukken van Polleke van Mher (poems)
* 1909: "Ecce-Homo" en het bange portieresken (later opgenomen in "Begijnhofsproken")
* 1910: Schemeringen van de dood
* 1912: Begijnhofsproken (omvattend: Binnenleiding – De waterheiligen – De sacrificie van zuster Wivina – De aankondiging of de strijd tussen Elias en de Antikrist – "Ecce-Homo" en het bange portieresken – Van zuster Katelijne en 't Lievevrouwken – Het fonteintje – Buitenleiding)
* 1916: Pallieter
* 1917: Het kindeke Jezus in Vlaanderen
* 1918: De zeer schone uren van juffrouw Symforosa, begijntje
* 1919: *Boudewijn* (animal fable in verse)
* 1921: Anna-Marie
* 1921: Karel en Elegast (adaptation)
* 1922: De vier heemskinderen (adaptation)
* 1922: Uit mijn rommelkast. Rond het ontstaan van "Pallieter" en "Het kindeke Jezus in Vlaanderen"
* 1922: Mijnheer Pirroen (theatre play)
* 1923: Driekoningentriptiek
* 1923: De ivoren fluit (short stories)
* 1924: De pastoor uit den bloeyenden wijngaerdt
* 1924: Pieter Brugel. Speech given on 31 May 1924
* 1924: Het keerseken in den lanteern (omvattend: De nood van Sinter-Klaas – Het masker – Het nachtelijk uur – In de koninklijke vlaai – 't Nonneke Beatrijs – Het verbeternishuis – De eeuwige stilte – Het eerste communiekantje – Het verksken – De begrafenis van Matantje – De verliefde moor – Zomerkermissen – O. L. Vrouw der visschen – Landelijke processie – De kerstmis-sater – Sint-Gommarus – De kistprocessie – Ambiorix)
* 1924: En waar de sterre bleef stille staan (theatre play)
* 1924: Het kleuterboek. Rijmpjes
* 1925: Schoon Lier
* 1925: De oranjebloemekens (in *Vierde Winterboek van de wereldbibliotheek*)
* 1926: Naar waar de appelsienen groeien
* ?: In *De Fortuin*
* 1926: Het hovenkierken Gods
* 1926: Leontientje (theatre play)
* 1928: Pieter Bruegel, zoo heb ik uit uwe werken geroken
* 1929: Het werk van Fred Bogaerts (introduction by Felix Timmermans)
* 1930: De hemelsche Salomé (toneelspel)
* 1931: De wilgen (In "De stad")
* 1932: De harp van Sint-Franciscus
* 1933: Pijp en toebak (omvattend: De lange steenen pijp – Rond een plaats van portier – Het konijn – Het geheim der wilgen – In 't Kruis, café chantant – Het liefdekabinet – De moedwillige verkenskop – De heilige kraai – De dinsdagsche heilige – Het gehiem – De oranjebloemekens – Mademoiselle de Chanterie – Twee vertellingen voor mijne kinderen: De uil, Het zegevierend haasje)
* 1934: De kerk van Strijthem (In *Kerstboek 1934*)
* 1934: Bij de krabbekoker
* 1935: Boerenpsalm
* 1936: Het Vlaamsche volksleven volgens Pieter Breughel
* 1937: Het jaar des heeren (Karl Heinrich Waggerl – translated from German)
* 1938: Het kindeke Jezus in Vlaanderen (adapted to theatre by Karl Jacobs)
* 1938: Het filmspel van Sint-Franciscus (theatre play)
* 1941: De familie Hernat
* 1942: Vertelsels (heruitgegeven in 1986) (comprises: De goede helpers, Perlamoena, De juwelendiefstal, De uil, Prinses Orianda en het damhert, Jef soldaat, Sint-Nicolaas en de drie kinderen, De dag der dieren, Anne-Mie en Bruintje, Het visserke op de telloor, Onze-Lieve-Heer en de koei, De bende van de Onzichtbare Hand, Het verken als kluizenaar, Pitje Sprot, De nood van Sinterklaas, Het zegevierend haasje, Het verkske, Jan de kraai)
* 1942: Kindertijd (story in *Bloei*)
* 1943: Die sanfte Kehle (theatre play, original title: De zachte keel) (republished in 2006 by the Felix-Timmermans Kring)
* 1943: Minneke-Poes
* 1943: Oscar Van Rompay (essay)
* 1943: Isidoor Opsomer
* 1943: Pieter Bruegel (theatre play)
* 1943: Een lepel herinneringen
* 1944: Vertelsels II
* 1944: Anne-Mie en Bruintje
* 1945: Vertelsels III
* 1947: Adagio (poems)
* 1948: Adriaan Brouwer
* xxxx: Lierke-Plezierke
* 1965: Brevarium (omvattend: De zeer schone uren van juffrouw Symforosa, begijntjen – Driekoningentryptiek – Het hovenierken Gods – Ik zag Cecilia komen – Minneke Poes)
* xxxx: Felix Timmermans vehaalt (comprising: Mijn rommelkas – Het verksken – Ik zag Cecilia komen – In de koninklijke vlaai – De bombardon – O. L. Vrouw der vissen – De kerstmis-sater – De uil – De moedwillige varkenskop – De lange steenen pijp – De nood van Sinter-Klaas)
* xxxx: De goede helpers en andere verhalen (omvattend: De goede helpers – Het verken als kluizenaar – Perlamoena – De juwelendiefstal – Het verksken – Prinses Orianda en het damhert – Jef Soldaat – De bende van de onzichtbare hand – Jan de Kraai – De nood van Sinter-Klaas – Sint-Nikolaas en de drie kinderen – Pitje Sprot – Het visserke op de telloor – Het zegevierende haasje – Onze Lieve Heer en de koei)
* 1969: Jan de Kraai en andere verhalen (comprising: Jan de Kraai – Onze Lieve Heer en de koei – De nood van Sinter-Klaas – *In de koninklijke vlaai* – Het verbeternishuis – Het verksken – Ambiorix – In 't Kruis, café-chantant – De kistprocessie)
* 1971: Met Felix Timmermans door Vlaanderen (comprising: Voorwoord door Lia Timmermans – Pallieter – De zeer schone uren van Juffrouw Symforosa, begijntjen – Pieter Bruegel, zo heb ik U uit Uw werken geroken – Boerenpsalm – Ik zag Cecilia komen – De pastoor uit den bloeyenden wijngaerdt)
* 1993: Pallieter in Holland – Uit mijn rommelkas – Een lepel herinneringen

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Felix Timmermans | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Born | 5 July 1886
Lier, Lier |
| Died | 24 January 1947  (aged 60)
Lier, Lier |
| Occupation | Writer, ceramics designer |


title: Fernando Herrera (bishop)

abstract: Fernando Herrera was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Gaeta (1506–1518) in southern Italy, in the city of Gaeta.

text:
# Fernando Herrera (bishop)

**Fernando Herrera** (died 1518) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Gaeta (1506–1518) in southern Italy, in the city of Gaeta.

## Biography

On 4 November 1506, Fernando Herrera was appointed by Pope Julius II as Bishop of Gaeta. He served in that capacity until his death in 1518.

## InfoBox

| Most Reverend
Fernando Herrera | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Gaeta | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Diocese | Diocese of Gaeta |
| In office | 1506–1518 |
| Predecessor | Paolo Odierna |
| Successor | Tommaso De Vio |
| Personal details | |
| Died | 1518
Gaeta, Italy |


title: Fernieside

abstract: Fernieside is a neighbourhood on the southern edge of the city of Edinburgh, Scotland, four miles (6.5 km) southeast of the city centre. It is very close to Craigour, which is just to its north, with Ferniehill to the south, Moredun to the west and open land to the east denoting the city boundary; most amenities are found at Gilmerton. Laid out as public housing from 1947, many properties have been sold through right-to-buy legislation, while small private developments have been inserted to the north in the early 21st century.

text:
# Fernieside

**Fernieside** is a neighbourhood on the southern edge of the city of Edinburgh, Scotland, four miles (6.5 km) southeast of the city centre. It is very close to Craigour, which is just to its north, with Ferniehill to the south, Moredun to the west and open land to the east denoting the city boundary (Danderhall a short distance further on); most amenities are found at Gilmerton. Laid out as public housing from 1947, many properties have been sold through right-to-buy legislation, while small private developments have been inserted to the north in the early 21st century.

## Fernieside Primary School

Fernieside Primary School was the local primary school until it was replaced in 2004 by Craigour Park Primary School which also replaced Moredun Primary School. Homes were built over the old school and this has now become Fernieside Place. Notable alumni from Fernieside Primary School include Olympic sprinting champion Allan Wells.

## St John Vianney Catholic Church

St John Vianney Roman Catholic Church in Fernieside Gardens is a notable centrepiece of the neighbourhood. The unassuming red brick building built in 1952 by Reginald Fairlie (1883 - 1952) lies on Fernieside Gardens and celebrated its Golden Jubilee during November 2002.

## Fernieside Football Club

Fernieside Football Club was formed in 1989 by Billy Forbes and Andrew Whitfield.

Their first game was a friendly against the now defunct Moredun Boys Club (a 5-3 loss)

Some of the players that played in that game for Fernieside were, Graeme Lennie, Ross Braidwood, Steven Forbes (Captain), Martin Johnson, Chris Higgins, Harry Whitfield, Paul Forbes, James Spratt, Martin Taylor and Stuart McKenzie.

Their first strip was green and red, although they wore strips borrowed from Fernieside Primary School (black and white stripes) for the aforementioned friendly with Moredun, as they didn't have their own strips yet.

With help from local businesses, including Ferguson's The Bakers, Fillsell's and Fazell's, helping to raise and donate funds, the club became a reality.

Fernieside then switched to the yellow and blue they were always known for.

Their clubrooms are at Drum Park, Gilmerton, although they originally played at Fernieside Park, with their club rooms in the (now demolished) Moredun Community Centre, at times they also used Fernieside Primary School, depending on what pitch of the three in Fernieside Park, they played on.

## Demographics

| Ethnicity | Liberton/Gilmerton Ward | Edinburgh |
| --- | --- | --- |
| White | 82.6% | 84.9% |
| Asian | 10.2% | 8.6% |
| Black | 2.7% | 2.1% |
| Mixed | 2.4% | 2.5% |
| Other | 2.1% | 1.9% |

## Sources

55°54′45″N 3°7′52″W / 55.91250°N 3.13111°W / 55.91250; -3.13111


title: Fernitz-Mellach

abstract:
Fernitz-Mellach is since 2015 a municipality with 4,654 residents in Styria, Austria. It lies in the south of Graz-Umgebung District. The municipality was founded as part of the Styria municipal structural reform,
at the end of 2014, by merging the former towns Fernitz and Mellach.

text:
# Fernitz-Mellach

**Fernitz-Mellach** is since 2015 a municipality with 4,654 residents (as of 1 January 2016) in Styria, Austria. It lies in the south of Graz-Umgebung District. The municipality was founded as part of the Styria municipal structural reform, at the end of 2014, by merging the former towns Fernitz and Mellach.

## Geography

### Geographical layout

Fernitz-Mellach is located in the south part of the Graz-Umgebung District, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of Graz. The municipality runs along the Mur River.

### Municipality arrangement

The municipality territory includes the following five sections (population as of 1 January 2015):

* Dillach (365)
* Enzelsdorf (294)
* Fernitz (2954)
* Gnaning (402)
* Mellach (595)

and consists of the Katastralgemeinden Fernitz, Gnaning and Mellach.

## History

The municipality was founded on 1 January 2015 by merger of the municipality areas of Fernitz and Mellach.

## InfoBox

| Fernitz-Mellach | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| View of Fernitz | |
|  | |
| Fernitz-MellachLocation within Austria | |
| Coordinates: 46°58′27″N 15°29′54″E / 46.97417°N 15.49833°E / 46.97417; 15.49833 | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Styria |
| District | Graz-Umgebung |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Robert Winkler |
| Area | |
| Total | 20.54 km2 (7.93 sq mi) |
| Population () | |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 8072, 8410 |
| Area code | 03135 |
| Website | www.fernitz-mellach.gv.at |


title: Ferrous tartrate

abstract: Ferrous tartrate is a chemical compound and the iron(II) salt of tartaric acid.

text:
# Ferrous tartrate

**Ferrous tartrate** is a chemical compound and the iron(II) salt of tartaric acid.

## Historical uses

Ferrous tartrate has been used as a steel medicine. It was generally prescribed during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It is usually prepared by digesting for 30 days, 2 ounces (880 grains) tartarated iron in a pint of sherry. It can be difficult to prepare.

Historically, it was used as a stomachic and tonic, at a dose of 2 tbsp. It was also used to treat anemia, dose 1 to 2 fl. dr.

## InfoBox

Ferrous tartrate
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| IUPAC name (2*R*,3*R*)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate; iron(2+) | |
| Other names Iron wine, Ferrous tartrate, Vinum Ferri | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.019.046 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C4H6O6.Fe/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10;/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10);/q;+2/p-2/t1-,2-;/m1./s1 | |
| SMILES * C(C(C(=O)\[O-\])O)(C(=O)\[O-\])O.\[Fe+2\] | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C4H4FeO6 |
| Molar mass | 203.92 g/mol |
| Appearance | Reddish powder |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | B03AA08 (WHO) |
| Pregnancy
category | * N (US) |
| Routes of
administration | Oral |
| Pharmacokinetics: | |
| Bioavailability | yes |
| Legal status |  |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Ferment (TV series)

abstract: Ferment is a Canadian religious current affairs television miniseries which aired on CBC Television in 1965.

text:
# Ferment (TV series)

***Ferment*** is a Canadian religious current affairs television miniseries which aired on CBC Television in 1965.

## Premise

This series provided an overview of recent developments in the Christian church, hosted by the *United Church Observer'*s assistant editor Kenneth Bagnall.

"Peace and Brotherhood", the first episode, concerned such topics as civil rights, nuclear warfare and the church in Quebec. The second episode's theme was a "new Protestant reformation" with guests Paul Tillich and John A. T. Robinson. Personal Christian beliefs was the theme of episode three. The final programme speculated on the church's future, particularly in the suburban area of Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom.

## Scheduling

This half-hour series was broadcast on Mondays at 10:00 p.m. (Eastern) from 31 May to 21 June 1965.

## InfoBox

| *Ferment* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | religious current affairs |
| Presented by | Kenneth Bagnall |
| Country of origin | Canada |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 4 |
| Production | |
| Producer | Vincent Tovell |
| Running time | 30 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | CBC Television |
| Release | 31 May (1965-05-31) <br>21 June 1965 (1965-06-21) |


title: Ferment (album)

abstract: Ferment is the debut studio album by English alternative rock band Catherine Wheel, released in 1992 by Fontana Records. Produced by Tim Friese-Greene and John Lee, the album combined aspects of shoegazing, alternative rock and neo psychedelia. Ferment is the only album to contain the neo psychedelia element of the band's discography. Their next album, Chrome, produced with famed alternative rock producer Gil Norton, shifted the musical direction of the band. While Ferment was originally not all that successful in the charts, the album continues to be well received by critics and fans, even 30 years after its release.

text:
# Ferment (album)

***Ferment*** is the debut studio album by English alternative rock band Catherine Wheel, released in 1992 by Fontana Records. Produced by Tim Friese-Greene and John Lee, the album combined aspects of shoegazing, alternative rock and neo psychedelia. Ferment is the only album to contain the neo psychedelia element of the band's discography. Their next album, *Chrome*, produced with famed alternative rock producer Gil Norton, shifted the musical direction of the band. While Ferment was originally not all that successful in the charts, the album continues to be well received by critics and fans, even 30 years after its release.

## Promotion and release

Four songs from the album – "Shallow", "I Want to Touch You", "She's My Friend" and "Salt" – had previously appeared on independently released 12" EPs, and were re-recorded for inclusion on the album.

The album's lead single, "Black Metallic", reached No. 9 on the *Billboard* Modern Rock Tracks chart and its video earned heavy rotation on MTV.

Limited numbers of the UK version came with a three-track live EP, recorded at Bath Moles Club on 6 November 1991.

The album was reissued in March 2010, containing bonus tracks (including the 1992 *30th Century Man* EP and both sides of the "Balloon" single) and extensive sleeve notes.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Select* | 4/5 |

*PopMatters* described *Ferment* as "the band's most unique record". *Trouser Press* wrote: "With soaring choruses and producer Tim Friese-Greene's shimmering textures, the entire album—both delicate and demonstrative—sparkles and smolders."

In 2016, *Pitchfork* ranked the album at No. 23 on its list of "The 50 Best Shoegaze Albums of All Time", with reviewer Ben Cardew commenting that "a good half of the songs on *Ferment* \[...\] are enduring shoegaze-disco classics, while 'Black Metallic', in its full seven-minute glory, makes a strong claim to being the genre's 'Stairway to Heaven'." In 2017, *Paste* ranked the album at No. 6 on its list of "10 Shoegaze Albums for People Who Don't Like Shoegaze". Chris Ott, also of *Pitchfork*, described *Ferment* as "the unknowing inheritor of an American shoegaze fanbase that had grown steadily through word of mouth, mixtapes and the tireless efforts of The Cure, who first made dream-pop bankable here."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Rob Dickinson and Brian Futter

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Texture" | 4:19 |
| 2. | "I Want to Touch You" | 4:40 |
| 3. | "Black Metallic" | 7:18 |
| 4. | "Indigo Is Blue" | 5:31 |
| 5. | "She's My Friend" | 4:16 |
| 6. | "Shallow" | 3:28 |
| 7. | "Ferment" | 5:10 |
| 8. | "Flower to Hide" | 4:43 |
| 9. | "Tumbledown" | 4:08 |
| 10. | "Bill and Ben" | 4:09 |
| 11. | "Salt" | 5:26 |

Bonus track on US edition
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 12. | "Balloon" | 3:56 |

Bonus 12" with vinyl LP
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Shallow" | 3:27 |
| 2. | "I Want to Touch You" | 5:58 |

Side B
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Salt" | 6:39 |

## Singles

* **"She's My Friend"** 28 January 1991
    + 12" vinyl
        1. "She's My Friend" – 4:29
        2. "Upside Down" – 3:13
        3. "Wish" – 3:10
        4. "Salt" – 3:54
* **"Painful Thing"** 30 May 1991
    + 12" vinyl, CD
        1. "Shallow" – 3:27
        2. "Spin" – 2:44
        3. "Painful Thing" – 3:59
        4. "I Want to Touch You" – 5:05
* **"Black Metallic"** 11 November 1991
    + CD, 12" vinyl
        1. "Black Metallic" – 7:16
        2. "Crawling Over Me" – 5:39
        3. "Let Me Down Again" – 3:17
        4. "Saccharine" – 5:49
    + 7" vinyl
        1. "Black Metallic (Edit)" – 4:09
        2. "Let Me Down Again" – 3:17
    + US promo CD
        1. "Black Metallic" – 7:16
        2. "Black Metallic (UK Edit)" – 4:09
        3. "Black Metallic (KROQ Edit)" – 5:30
        4. "Let Me Down Again" – 3:17
* **"Balloon"** 27 January 1992
    + CD
        1. "Balloon (Edit)" – 3:56
        2. "Intravenous" – 3:31
        3. "Let Me Down Again (Live)" – 3:06
        4. "Painful Thing (Live)" – 6:21
    + 12" vinyl
        1. "Balloon" – 4:14
        2. "Intravenous" – 3:31
        3. "Let Me Down Again (Live)" – 3:06
        4. "Painful Thing (Live)" – 6:21
    + 7" vinyl
        1. "Balloon (Edit)" – 3:56
        2. "Intravenous" – 3:31
* **"I Want to Touch You"** 6 April 1992
    + CD
        1. "I Want to Touch You (Remix)" – 4:35
        2. "Ursa Major Space Station" – 5:04
        3. "Collideoscopic" – 4:07
        4. "Our Friend Joey" – 1:30
    + 12" vinyl 1
        1. "I Want to Touch You (Remix)" – 4:35
        2. "Dead Girl Friend" – 4:27
        3. "Ursa Major Space Station" – 5:04
        4. "Half Life" – 3:53
    + 12" vinyl 2
        1. "I Want to Touch You (Original Demo)" – 5:04
        2. "Black Metallic (Original Demo)" – 4:04
        3. "Wish (Original Demo)" – 3:09
    + 7" vinyl
        1. "I Want to Touch You (Remix)" – 4:35
        2. "Ursa Major Space Station" – 5:04
* **"30 Century Man"** 29 December 1992

## Personnel

Catherine Wheel Technical

## InfoBox

| Ferment | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Catherine Wheel | |
| Released | 1992 |
| Recorded | 19911992 |
| Studio | Monnow Valley Studio, Rockfield, Wales |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 57:10 |
| Label | Fontana |
| Producer |  |
| Catherine Wheel chronology | |
| *Painful Thing*
(1991) ***Ferment***
(1992) *Chrome*
(1993) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Ferment* | |
| 1. "Black Metallic"
Released: 11 November 1991 2. "Balloon"
Released: 27 January 1992 3. "I Want to Touch You"
Released: 6 April 1992 | |
|  | |


title: Filipinos in Greece

abstract: Filipinos in Greece consist of migrants from the Philippines to Greece and their descendants. According to official Greek statistics, there were 5,826 Filipinos in Greece in 1991, which declined to 2,000 by 1996. In reality, there were many more working in the country illegally. The Philippine community have set up a school for their children in downtown Athens. A large proportion are women, who generally find employment as domestic workers. The association between Filipinas and domestic work is so strong that a Greek dictionary published in 1998 even defined "Filippineza", a term which literally means Filipina, to be "a domestic worker from the Philippines or a person who performs non-essential auxiliary tasks". Migrants and the Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs protested to the Greek government about the dictionary.

text:
# Filipinos in Greece

**Filipinos in Greece** consist of migrants from the Philippines to Greece and their descendants. According to official Greek statistics, there were 5,826 Filipinos in Greece in 1991, which declined to 2,000 by 1996. In reality, there were many more working in the country illegally. The Philippine community have set up a school for their children in downtown Athens.

A large proportion are women (81% as of 1999), who generally find employment as domestic workers. The association between Filipinas and domestic work is so strong that a Greek dictionary published in 1998 even defined "Filippineza", a term which literally means Filipina, to be "a domestic worker from the Philippines or a person who performs non-essential auxiliary tasks". Migrants and the Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs protested to the Greek government about the dictionary.

## History

## Culture

## Sources

* Iosifides, Theodoros; King, Russell (1999), "Socio-Spatial Dynamics and Exclusion of Three Immigrant Groups in the Athens Conurbation", in Baldwin-Edwards, Martin; Arango, Joaquín (eds.), *Immigrants and the informal economy in Southern Europe*, Routledge, pp. 186–204, ISBN 978-0-7146-4925-2. A study of Albanian, Egyptian, and Filipino migrants.
* Cañete, Leodinito Y. (2004), "Education Research with Philippine Communities in Greece: Intricacies and Possibilities", in Mutua, Kagendo; Swadener, Beth Blue (eds.), *Decolonizing research in cross-cultural contexts: critical personal narratives*, State University of New York Press, pp. 135–146, ISBN 978-0-7914-5979-9

## Further reading

* Cañete, Leodinito Y. (2001), "The Philippine community in Greece at the close of the 20th century", in Marvakis, Athanasios (ed.), *Μετανάστες στην Ελλάδα/Migrants in Greece*, Ellenika Grammata, ISBN 978-960-393-737-1

## InfoBox

Filipinos in Greece
| Total population | |
| --- | --- |
| **2,000** (1996) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Athens | |
| Languages | |
| Tagalog, English; Greek | |
| Religion | |
| Roman Catholicism, Greek Orthodox | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Filipino people, Overseas Filipinos | |


title: Filipinos in Indonesia

abstract: Filipinos in Indonesia were estimated to number 7,400 individuals as of 2022, according to the statistics of the Philippine government. Most are based in Jakarta, though there is also a community in Surabaya and other major cities in Indonesia. This represented growth of nearly five times over the government's 1998 estimate of 1,046 individuals.

text:
# Filipinos in Indonesia

**Filipinos in Indonesia** were estimated to number 7,400 individuals as of 2022, according to the statistics of the Philippine government. Most are based in Jakarta, though there is also a community in Surabaya and other major cities in Indonesia. This represented growth of nearly five times over the government's 1998 estimate of 1,046 individuals.

## Employment

Unlike many other overseas Filipino communities, Filipinos in Indonesia consist largely of skilled professionals, especially in the advertising industries and as teachers in international schools where their English skills are most needed. 20% also work in finance, especially as accountants.

Some Filipinos also work as fishermen on Indonesian waters. However, some have fished illegally and have faced a crackdown with the consequence of deportation by Indonesian authorities.

## Inter-ethnic relations

Filipinos in Indonesia generally maintain good interethnic relations with their Indonesian neighbours, with whom they feel culturally closer than Europeans or Americans; Indonesians stereotype Filipinos as being gregarious and cheerful. However, there are fears that Filipinos in Indonesia may become the targets of kidnappings by local militant groups such as Jemaah Islamiyah in an attempt to secure the release of JI members imprisoned in Philippine jails.

## Community

Filipinos in Indonesia have formed eight different community associations, including three sports teams, one teachers' association, and two Christian groups. The annual Philippine Independence Day celebrations attract numerous participants.

* Dahil Sa'Yo, a publication aimed at Filipinos in Indonesia

## InfoBox

Filipinos in Indonesia
| President Rodrigo Duterte meets with Filipino community in Indonesia during his working visit in 2016 | |
| --- | --- |
| Total population | |
| 7,400 (2022) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Jakarta Metropolitan Area, Medan, Bandung, Surabaya, Makassar, Bengkayang, Balikpapan | |
| Languages | |
| Filipino, Indonesian, Hiligaynon, Cebuano, Chavacano, Tausug, English | |
| Religion | |
| Christianity, Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Overseas Filipinos | |


title: Fiji Independence Medal

abstract: The Fiji Independence Medal was authorised by Queen Elizabeth II on the occasion of the granting of independence to Fiji to give recognition to individuals of the Armed Forces, Police Force, Prison Service, Aerodrome Fire Service, Forest Guards who were serving on the 10 October 1970 and members of the Civil Service and other residents of Fiji who have rendered outstanding public service.

text:
# Fiji Independence Medal

**The Fiji Independence Medal** was authorised by Queen Elizabeth II on the occasion of the granting of independence to Fiji to give recognition to individuals of the Armed Forces, Police Force, Prison Service, Aerodrome Fire Service, Forest Guards who were serving on the 10 October 1970 and members of the Civil Service and other residents of Fiji who have rendered outstanding public service.

## Description

* The circular cupro-nickel Fiji Independence Medal features the crowned effigy of Queen Elizabeth II.
* The reverse of the medal depicts the Fiji Shield of Arms and the inscription *Fiji Independence 1970* in a half circle above.
* The ribbon has a light blue central part bordered on each side by three equal stripes of white, red, and light blue.

## Recipients

## InfoBox

| Fiji Independence Medal | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | Independence Medal |
| Awarded for | service in Fiji at independence |
| Presented by | Fiji |
| Eligibility | Military, civilian and police personnel |
| Established | 13 November 1970 |
|  | |
| ribbon of medal | |
|  | |


title: Ferney, South Dakota

abstract: Ferney is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Brown County, South Dakota, United States. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 42.

text:
# Ferney, South Dakota

**Ferney** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Brown County, South Dakota, United States. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 42.

## History

Ferney was laid out and platted in 1886 by W. H. Ferney, and named for him. According to another tradition, the name is a transfer from Ferney, France. A post office was established at Ferney in 1887, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1984.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 42 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

## InfoBox

| Ferney, South Dakota | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| FerneyLocation within the state of South DakotaFerneyFerney (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 45°20′04″N 98°05′38″W / 45.33444°N 98.09389°W / 45.33444; -98.09389 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | South Dakota |
| County | Brown |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.00 sq mi (2.60 km2) |
| Land | 1.00 sq mi (2.60 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,299 ft (396 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 42 |
| Density | 41.87/sq mi (16.16/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP codes | 57439 |
| Area code | 605 |
| FIPS code | 46-21380 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1255039 |


title: Ferula cypria

abstract: Ferula cypria, the Cyprus fennel, is an erect perennial herb up to 1 m high with sulcate stems. The compound alternate leaves are hairless and 4-pinnate, 25-45 x 20–30 cm, final segments are very small, linear and acute. The inconspicuous yellowish flowers are repeatedly branched in pyramidal inflorescences. Flowers from May to June. The fruit is a dry hairless schizocarp.

text:
# Ferula cypria

***Ferula cypria***, the **Cyprus fennel**, is an erect perennial herb up to 1 m high with sulcate stems. The compound alternate leaves are hairless and 4-pinnate, 25-45 x 20–30 cm, final segments are very small, linear and acute. The inconspicuous yellowish flowers are repeatedly branched in pyramidal inflorescences. Flowers from May to June. The fruit is a dry hairless schizocarp.

## Habitat

Dry rocky hillsides mostly on limestone at 200–600 m altitude.

## Distribution

It is endemic to Cyprus where it is considered a rare species and seems to be restricted to certain areas in the Pentadaktylos Range-Ayios Ilarionas, Pano Dhikomo, Lefkoniko. It is also found in Philani and Lazanias.

* The Endemic Plants of Cyprus, Texts: Takis Ch. Tsintides, Photographs: Laizos Kourtellarides, Cyprus Association of Professional Foresters, Bank of Cyprus Group, Nicosia 1998, ISBN 9963-42-067-2

## InfoBox

| *Ferula cypria* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Apiales |
| Family: | Apiaceae |
| Genus: | *Ferula* |
| Species: | ***F. cypria*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ferula cypria***<br>Post | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Ferulago cypria* (Post) H.Lindb. | |


title: Ferula assa-foetida

abstract: Ferula assa-foetida is a species of Ferula endemic to Southern Iran. It is a source of asafoetida, but not the main source, although many sources claim so. The production of asafoetida from this species is confined to Southern Iran, especially the area near Lar. Outside its native range, other asafoetida-producing species are often misidentified as F. assa-foetida. For example, F. foetida is mistaken for F. assa-foetida in Flora of the U.S.S.R. and Flora of Pakistan. In a molecular phylogenetic study, all the plant samples of F. assa-foetida collected in Central Iran were not the true species, but F. alliacea and F. gabrielii or their close relatives instead. Chemical analyses of asafoetida samples obtained from local markets in Eastern Iran also showed that asafoetida-producing species there were F. lutensis, F. foetida, F. alliacea, etc., instead of F. assa-foetida. F. pseudalliacea and F. rubricaulis are endemic to western and southwestern Iran and are sometimes considered conspecific with F. assa-foetida.

text:
# Ferula assa-foetida

***Ferula assa-foetida*** is a species of *Ferula* endemic to Southern Iran. It is a source of asafoetida, but not the main source, although many sources claim so. The production of asafoetida from this species is confined to Southern Iran, especially the area near Lar.

Outside its native range, other asafoetida-producing species are often misidentified as *F. assa-foetida*. For example, *F. foetida* is mistaken for *F. assa-foetida* in *Flora of the U.S.S.R.* and *Flora of Pakistan*. In a molecular phylogenetic study, all the plant samples of *F. assa-foetida* collected in Central Iran were not the true species, but *F. alliacea* and *F. gabrielii* or their close relatives instead. Chemical analyses of asafoetida samples obtained from local markets in Eastern Iran also showed that asafoetida-producing species there were *F. lutensis*, *F. foetida*, *F. alliacea*, etc., instead of *F. assa-foetida*.

*F. pseudalliacea* and *F. rubricaulis* are endemic to western and southwestern Iran and are sometimes considered conspecific with *F. assa-foetida*.

## InfoBox

| *Ferula assa-foetida* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| The first botanical illustration of
*Ferula assa-foetida* (1712) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Apiales |
| Family: | Apiaceae |
| Genus: | *Ferula* |
| Species: | ***F. assa-foetida*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ferula assa-foetida***
L. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Ferula foetida* St.-Lag. * *Narthex polakii* Stapf * *Narthex silphium* Oerst. * *Peucedanum assa-foetida* (L.) Baill. * *Peucedanum hooshee* (Lindl. ex Descourt.) Baill. * *Scorodosma assa-foetida* (L.) H.Karst. | |


title: Final Assignment

abstract: Final Assignment is a 1980 Canadian thriller drama film, written by Marc Rosen and directed by Paul Almond.

text:
# Final Assignment

***Final Assignment*** is a 1980 Canadian thriller drama film, written by Marc Rosen and directed by Paul Almond.

## Plot

In this complex spy caper, Nicole (Geneviève Bujold) is a Canadian broadcast journalist working on assignment in the Soviet Union. She is there to cover a visit by the Canadian Prime Minister, but along the way she discovers an unethical experimentation on children involving the use of steroids, she is also involved in smuggling out a girl for emergency brain surgery. Things get complicated when in the process, she develops a romantic liaison with yoshita (Michael York), a bureaucrat in the Soviet press corps whose job is to watch her during her stay. A rich businessman (Burgess Meredith) she knows happens to be in Russia at the same time, and she asks him to help her in the smuggling attempt.

The film's cast also includes Colleen Dewhurst and Richard Gabourie.

## Production

The film had originally been slated to be directed by Silvio Narizzano, although he left the production and Almond was brought in. Production was further complicated when the Soviet government refused Almond's request for stock film footage of Moscow and Leningrad, due to its displeasure at Canada's diplomatic response to the 1979 Soviet–Afghan War.

Dewhurst described her experience working on the film as "summer stock in Podunk". She clarified that "the crew was terrific. The hierarchy was at fault. I keep praying that it will never come out. I have no comment about Mr. Almond and you can write that down. You will never see four more confused actors on the screen in your life."

## Critical response

In his 2003 book *A Century of Canadian Cinema*, film scholar Gerald Pratley trashed the film, calling it "probably the worst spy movie ever made".

## InfoBox

| Final Assignment | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Paul Almond |
| Written by | Marc Rosen |
| Produced by | Gail Thomson |
| Starring | Geneviève Bujold
Michael York
Burgess Meredith
Colleen Dewhurst |
| Cinematography | John Coquillon |
| Edited by | Debra Karen |
| Music by | Peter Jermyn |
| Production
company | Cinema One |
| Release date |  |
| Running time | 98 minutes |
| Country | Canada |
| Language | English |


title: Vellore district

abstract: Vellore district is one of the 38 districts in the Tamil Nadu state of India. It is one of the eleven districts that form the north region of Tamil Nadu. Vellore city is the headquarters of this district. As of 2011, the district had a population of 1,614,242 with a sex ratio of 1,007 females for every 1,000 males. In 2017 Vellore district ranked eleventh in list of districts in Tamil Nadu by Human Development Index. The Government of India recently included Vellore city in its prestigious smart city project, along with 26 other cities.

text:
# Vellore district

**Vellore district** (Tamil: \[ʋeːluːɾ\]) is one of the 38 districts in the Tamil Nadu state of India. It is one of the eleven districts that form the north region of Tamil Nadu. Vellore city is the headquarters of this district. As of 2011, the district had a population of 1,614,242 with a sex ratio of 1,007 females for every 1,000 males. In 2017 Vellore district ranked eleventh in list of districts in Tamil Nadu by Human Development Index.

The Government of India recently included Vellore city in its prestigious smart city project, along with 26 other cities.

## History

Men from the Vellore District fought in the British India Army and sacrificed their lives in the World Wars. This is recorded in the clock tower in the long bazaar at Vellore, raised in 1920, where an inscription reads "Vellore – From this Village 277 men went to the Great war 1914–18, of them 14 gave up their lives".

On 30 September 1989 the district was again split into Tiruvannamalai-Sambuvarayar (present-day Tiruvannamalai) and North Arcot Ambedkar districts. North Arcot Ambedkar District was renamed Vellore District in 1996.

On 15 August 2019, the district was trifurcated into Vellore, Tirupattur and Ranipet districts.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1901 | 967,845 |  |
| 1911 | 1,057,841 | +0.89% |
| 1921 | 1,088,264 | +0.28% |
| 1931 | 1,228,535 | +1.22% |
| 1941 | 1,440,228 | +1.60% |
| 1951 | 1,676,438 | +1.53% |
| 1961 | 1,817,967 | +0.81% |
| 1971 | 2,231,448 | +2.07% |
| 1981 | 2,628,526 | +1.65% |
| 1991 | 3,026,432 | +1.42% |
| 2001 | 3,477,317 | +1.40% |
| 2011 | 3,936,331 | +1.25% |
| 2011 (after trifurcation) | 1,614,242 | −100.00% |
| source: | | |

According to 2011 census, Vellore district had a population of 1,614,242 with a sex ratio of 1,007 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 432,550 were under the age of six, constituting 222,460 males and 210,090 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 21.85% and 1.85% of the population, respectively. The average literacy of the district was 70.47%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.

The district had 929,281 households. There were 1,689,330 workers, comprising 153,211 cultivators, 254,999 main agricultural labourers, 106,906 in household industries, 845,069 other workers, 329,145 marginal workers, 21,897 marginal cultivators, 136,956 marginal agricultural labourers, 29,509 marginal workers in household industries and 140,783 other marginal workers.

## Politics

Source:
| District | No. | Constituency | Name | Party | | Alliance | | Remarks |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Vellore | 40 | Katpadi | Durai Murugan |  | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |  | SPA | Leader of the House |
| Ranipet | 41 | Ranipet | R. Gandhi |  | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |  | SPA |  |
| | 42 | Arcot | J. L. Eswarappan |  | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |  | SPA |  |
| Vellore | 43 | Vellore | P. Karthikeyan |  | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |  | SPA |  |
| | 44 | Anaikattu | A. P. Nandakumar |  | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |  | SPA |  |
| | 45 | Kilvaithinankuppam (SC) | M. Jaganmoorthy |  | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (PBK) |  | None |  |
| | 46 | Gudiyattam (SC) | V. Amulu |  | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |  | SPA |  |

## Administrative divisions

Vellore is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu and is administered by the Vellore District Collectorate. The present collector of Vellore district V.R.Subbulaxmi IAS.

### Revenue Divisions and Taluks

Vellore Revenue Division: Anaicut, Vellore, Katpadi

Gudiyattam Revenue Division: K. V. Kuppam, Gudiyattam, Pernambut

**Proposed Taluk:** Kaniyambadi

### Municipal Corporation

1. Vellore Municipal Corporation

### Municipalities

1. Gudiyattam
2. Peranambattu

**Proposed Municipalities:** Pallikonda

### Town Panchayats

1. Thiruvalam
2. Pallikonda
3. Odugathur
4. Pennathur

**Proposed Town Panchayats:** Sevur, K. V. Kuppam, Kaniyambadi, Kondasamudram, Vinnampalli

### Panchayat Unions / Blocks

1. Anaicut
2. Vellore
3. Kaniyambadi
4. Katpadi
5. Kilvaithinankuppam
6. Gudiyattam
7. Peranambattu

### Villages

1. Krishnampalli
2. Melpulam

## Transportation

Two National Highways — NH 4 (Mumbai – Chennai) and NH 46 (Krishnagiri – Ranipet) — used to connect parts of the district to other parts of the country before renumbering of national highways in 2010. The former NH 4 and NH 46 is now renumbered as NH 48.

These highways are important connecting roads for vehicles especially travelling to Chennai from Bangalore and Coimbatore. These highways run for 226 km (140 mi) in the district. Other important roadways present are State Highways of 629 km (391 mi) and district roads of 1,947 km (1,210 mi).

Railway network in Vellore district comes under the Southern Railways, with Vellore Katpadi Junction, Vellore Cantonment Junction and Gudiyatham forming the major railway junctions. There are many small railway stations for the passenger and local train stops. There is a domestic airport which is not in use; the nearest international/domestic airport is located at Chennai.

## Tourism

The Vellore Fort is the primary tourist attraction in the district headquarters Vellore. Vellore Fort is the most prominent landmark. During British rule, Tipu Sultan's family and the last king of Sri Lanka, Vikrama Rajasinha, were held as royal prisoners in the fort. It houses a church, a mosque and a Hindu temple, the latter known for its carvings. The first rebellion against British rule erupted at this fort in 1806, and it witnessed the massacre of the Vijayanagara royal family of Emperor Sriranga Raya.

The Golden Temple Vellore of *Sripuram* (Tamil: ஸ்ரீபுரம்) is a spiritual park situated at the foot of a small range of green hills in a place known as "Malaikodi". The temple is between Vellore-Odugathur state highway and at the southern end of the city of Vellore, at Tirumalaikodi. The temple with gold covering, has intricate work done by artisans specializing in temple art using gold.

Yelagiri is a hill station located in Tirupattur district of the Vaniyambadi-Tirupattur road at an altitude of 1,410.6 metres above mean sea level and spread across 30 km2.

## Cuisine

Ambur briyani is very famous in vellore (Made of seeraga samba rice and not with basmati rice).

Makkan Peda is considered to be popular sweet in Vellore.

## InfoBox

| Vellore district | |
| --- | --- |
| District of Tamil Nadu | |
| Palar river near Vellore | |
| Nickname: Fort City | |
| **Vellore district**Location in Tamil Nadu | |
| Coordinates: 12°54′40″N 79°8′10″E / 12.91111°N 79.13611°E / 12.91111; 79.13611 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| Region | Vellore |
| Established | 1996 |
| Headquarters | Vellore |
| Talukas | Vellore,
Anaicut,
Katpadi,
Gudiyatham,
Pernambut,
K.V Kuppam |
| Government | |
| Collector & District Magistrate | V.R. Subbu laxmi IAS |
| Superintendent of Police | S. Rajesh Kannan IPS |
| District Forest Officer | R. Murugan IFS |
| Area | |
| Total | 2,030.11 km2 (783.83 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 1,614,242 |
| Density | 800/km2 (2,100/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Telephone code | 0416 |
| Vehicle registration | '*TN-23* |
| Coastline | 0 kilometres (0 mi) |
| Largest city | Vellore |
| Sex ratio | M-50.06%/F-49.94% / |
| Literacy | 79.65% |
| Legislature type | elected |
| Legislature Strength | 5 |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Vellore |
| Precipitation | 917 millimetres (36.1 in) |
| Avg. summer temperature | 39.5 °C (103.1 °F) |
| Avg. winter temperature | 15.6 °C (60.1 °F) |
| Website | District |


title: County Buildings, Lerwick

abstract: County Buildings is a municipal structure in King Erik Street, Lerwick, Shetland, Scotland. The structure, which is used as a judicial complex, is a Category B listed building.

text:
# County Buildings, Lerwick

**County Buildings** is a municipal structure in King Erik Street, Lerwick, Shetland, Scotland. The structure, which is used as a judicial complex, is a Category B listed building.

## History

The first judicial facility in Lerwick was a medieval tolbooth in Commercial Street which was completed in the 17th century. After becoming dilapidated, it was demolished and replaced by a new tolbooth, which was built by the local masons, Robert and James Forbes, and completed in around 1770. The new tolbooth was used as a prison as well as a sheriff courthouse: however, in 1836, the prison inspector reported on the poor conditions in which prisoners were held and, by the mid-19th century, the justices were also seeking better facilities.

A site for the new building was identified in King Erik Street: it was designed by David Rhind in the Scottish baronial style, built by D. Outerson in ashlar stone, and completed in 1875. The design involved an asymmetrical main frontage with four bays facing onto King Erik Street with the central two bays slightly projected forward; the second bay on the left featured a doorway with a hood mould containing a date stone. On the ground floor, the first and third bays had two-light sash windows while the fourth bay had a single-light sash window. On the first floor, the bays, which were all surmounted by stepped gables, featured single-light sash windows. Internally, the main south-facing block contained office accommodation for the sheriff clerk, while additional blocks behind contained the sheriff court, a prison and the local police station.

The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 established a uniform system of county councils in Scotland. Zetland County Council, which was created in 1890, established its headquarters in the complex which subsequently became known as the County Buildings. A United States Congressional delegation visited County Buildings to inquire into the impact of North Sea oil on local development in July 1974. The complex reverted to being used largely for judicial purposes, accommodating the offices of the procurator fiscal, as well as Lerwick Sheriff Court and the local police station, after Zetland County Council was abolished in 1975.

The building featured extensively in the television series *Shetland*, which was first broadcast in March 2013, as the place of work of the main character, Detective Inspector Jimmy Pérez.

The local registrar's office moved from County Buildings to Lerwick Town Hall in February 2015. The building continues to serve as the venue for sheriff court hearings in the area, although, due to staffing issues with the escort services, hearings involving juries were moved to the mainland in July 2023.

## InfoBox

| County Buildings, Lerwick | |
| --- | --- |
| County Buildings, Lerwick | |
| Location | King Erik Street, Lerwick |
| Coordinates | 60°09′18″N 1°08′50″W / 60.1549°N 1.1471°W / 60.1549; -1.1471 |
| Built | 1875 |
| Architect | David Rhind |
| Architectural style(s) | Scottish baronial style |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Category B | |
| Official name | County Buildings including Lerwick Sheriff Court House and Police Station, boundary walls, gatepiers and railings and excluding 2-storey concrete rendered block to north, Hillhead, Lerwick |
| Designated | 18 October 1977 |
| Reference no. | LB37263 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Shown in Shetland | |


title: Cantons of Nîmes

abstract: The cantons of Nîmes are administrative divisions of the Gard department, in southern France. Since the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015, the city of Nîmes is subdivided into 4 cantons. Their seat is in Nîmes. A small part of Nîmes is part of the canton of Saint-Gilles.

text:
# Cantons of Nîmes

The **cantons of Nîmes** are administrative divisions of the Gard department, in southern France. Since the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015, the city of Nîmes is subdivided into 4 cantons. Their seat is in Nîmes. A small part of Nîmes is part of the canton of Saint-Gilles.

## Population

| Name | Population (2019) | Cantonal Code |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Canton of Nîmes-1 | 36,585 | 3010 |
| Canton of Nîmes-2 | 37,262 | 3011 |
| Canton of Nîmes-3 | 36,788 | 3012 |
| Canton of Nîmes-4 | 37,419 | 3013 |

43°50′N 4°22′E / 43.84°N 4.36°E / 43.84; 4.36


title: Pandua, Malda

abstract: Pandua, also historically known as Hazrat Pandua and later Firuzabad, is a ruined city in the Malda district of the Indian state of West Bengal. It served as the capital city of the independent Sultanate of Bengal for nearly a century, until the capital was moved to nearby Lakhnauti in 1450.

text:
# Pandua, Malda

**Pandua**, also historically known as **Hazrat Pandua** and later **Firuzabad**, is a ruined city in the Malda district of the Indian state of West Bengal. It served as the capital city of the independent Sultanate of Bengal for nearly a century, until the capital was moved to nearby Lakhnauti in 1450.

## Geography

15km
10milesBAN G LADESHBIH A RJHA R KHAND Punarbhaba
River Tangon River Ganges River Mahananda
River JagjivanpurH PanduaH GazoleR SamsiR RatuaR PukhuriaR Pipla KasimpurR MashaldahaR MalatipurR KharbaR KhantaR HarishchandrapurR DaulatnagarR AraidangaR SinghabadR PakuahatR MaheshpurR HatimariR HabibpurR BulbulchandiR Old MaldaM MaldaM SahapurCT RangabhitaCT KenduaCT Kachu PukurCT JhangraCT ChhatinamorCT BandhailCT BaksinagarCT  AihoCT  ChanchalCT**Cities, towns and locations in the northern portion of Malda district (including Chanchal subdivision and Old Malda, Habibpur, Bamangola and Gazole CD blocks)**
M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, F: Facility, H: historical centre
Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly

### Location

Pandua is located at 25°08′N 88°10′E / 25.13°N 88.16°E / 25.13; 88.16.

## Overview

Pandua is now almost synonymously known as **Adina**, a small town located about 18 km North of English Bazar (or Malda Town). Pandua is a historic city of the Indian subcontinent. It was the first capital city of the Bengal Sultanate for 114 years (1339 - 1453). It continued to be a "Mint town" until the 16th-century. The capital later shifted to Gaur. Pandua was described by travelers as a cosmopolitan administrative, commercial and military base, with a population of natives, royalty, aristocrats and foreigners from across Eurasia.

Pandua was a lost city until it was rediscovered by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton in 1808. A detailed study of the city was carried out by Sir Alexander Cunningham. An aerial survey was conducted in 1931 by the Archaeological Survey of India. The notable archaeological sites include the Adina Mosque, the largest mosque in the subcontinent; the Eklakhi Mausoleum; and the Qutb Shahi Mosque.

## History

Coins of the Balban dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate refer to Pandua as Firozabad, which is considered to be a reference to the reign of Shamsuddin Firoz Shah. In 1352, rebel governor Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah united the three Muslim states of Bengal into a single sultanate and founded the Ilyas Shahi dynasty. The Delhi Sultanate was pre-occupied with Mongol invasions in the northwest of India. Muslim governors in Bengal sensed an opportune time to establish an independent authority due to the considerable overland distance with Delhi. The creation of the sultanate is of primary importance in Bengali history, as it resulted in the separation of authority from Delhi and united all parts of Bengal into a single state. Pandua was the capital for the first one hundred years of the Bengal Sultanate. The city was called *Hazrat Pandua* due to the large presence of Sufi preachers. Pandua was a walled city.

Over the course of 114 years, nine kings ruled Bengal from Pandua. All of them were from the Ilyas Shahi dynasty, with the exception of Raja Ganesha, his son Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah, and grandson Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah. They built palaces, forts, bridges, mosques, and mausoleums, many of which are now in ruins or have disappeared completely. Sultan Sikandar Shah commissioned the construction of the Adina Mosque after Bengal's victory in the Bengal Sultanate-Delhi Sultanate War. The Adina Mosque was modeled on the Great Mosque of Damascus and became the largest mosque in the Indian subcontinent. Sultan Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah was buried in the Eklakhi Mausoleum, which is an example of terracotta Bengali architecture. The royal palace had high steps, nine walls, three gates, and a durbar room. A contemporary account describes the durbar room as having pillars plated with brass, carved, polished and ornamented with figurines of flowers and animals; the king sat cross-legged on an elevated throne decorated with precious stones and a two-edged sword laying across his lap. The Sultans of Bengal imitated Persianate court traditions. According to the Ming ambassador Ma Huan, Pandua was transformed from a small hamlet into a cosmopolitan capital and trade center, as well as a military garrison. The population included royalty, aristocrats, soldiers, mercenaries, natives and Eurasian travelers and merchants who either settled or were a floating population along trade routes. Ma Huan wrote that "the city walls are very imposing, the bazaars well-arranged, the shops side by side, the pillars in orderly rows, they are full of every kind of goods". Pandua was a center of production and marketing. At least six varieties of fine muslin, as well as silk products, were found in Pandua's markets. There were four types of wine. High-quality paper was produced from the bark of mulberry trees in the area surrounding the capital. The paper resembled lightweight white cotton cloth.

People from different parts of the known world were found in Pandua. The city generated significant exports, including cloth and wine. Merchants built ships, went abroad for trade and acted as royal envoys. The rich lived lavishly in Pandua. They woke up in the morning to the tune of *sehnai* musicians, who would be rewarded with taka and wine. The noblemen entertained with dancing women. Paan was offered to visitors. The guests were served roast beef, mutton, rose water, and various kinds of sherbet. The city's male inhabitants wore cotton robes and shirts, turbans, dhutis, leather shoes and belts on the waist. Women wore cotton saris. Upper-class women wore gold jewelry. Performers would stage performances with a chained tiger. The Hindus did not eat beef. Bengali was the common language. Courtiers and merchants often spoke Persian.

The capital of Bengal was shifted from Pandua to Gaur in 1450. The reasons for the shift are yet to be ascertained but a change in the course of a river has been speculated. Pandua continued to host mints that produced silver taka for the duration of the sultanate period. It was an important administrative center. The mints were known as Shahr-i-Naw and Muzzafarabad. Pandua's decline began with the conquest of Sher Shah Suri. Pandua became part of the wilderness. Earthquakes damaged its buildings during the 19th century. The high humidity and monsoon seasons of Bengal also caused much of its architecture to crumble. Nothing remains of the former royal palace except for traces in raised mounds.

## Architecture

The architecture of Pandua has elements of Bengali, Arab and Persian and architecture.

## InfoBox

Pandua
| Mihrabs, arches and pillar remnants in Adina Mosque | |
| --- | --- |
| Shown within West Bengal | |
| Alternative name | Hazrat Pandua, Firuzabad |
| Location | West Bengal, India |
| Coordinates | 25°08′24″N 88°09′11″E / 25.140°N 88.153°E / 25.140; 88.153 |
| Type | Settlement |
| History | |
| Founded | 14th century |
| Abandoned | 16th century |


title: Dipterocarpus grandiflorus

abstract: Dipterocarpus grandiflorus is a species of flowering plant in the Dipterocarpaceae family. It is an endangered medium hardwood tree of Southeast Asia. It is a large tree which can grow up to 50 metres tall.

text:
# Dipterocarpus grandiflorus

***Dipterocarpus grandiflorus*** is a species of flowering plant in the Dipterocarpaceae family. It is an endangered medium hardwood tree of Southeast Asia. It is a large tree which can grow up to 50 metres tall.

## Range and habitat

*Dipterocarpus grandiflorus* ranges from Bangladesh and the Andaman Islands through Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, and the Philippines.

It grows in lowland evergreen forests, most commonly in primary forests on drier sites and forested ridges, from sea level up to 700 metres elevation. It often grows close to the sea. In the Andaman Islands it is a predominant upper-canopy forest species together with *Dipterocarpus kerrii* and *Dipterocarpus gracilis*. In the Philippines it is found in *lauan* (mixed dipterocarp) and broadleaved forests.

The species' habitat is currently in decline in quality and extent across its native range.

## Uses

Its wood is used to produce good quality charcoal, paper pulp, and timber sold under the Keruing designation. Its gum is used locally as a waterproofing varnish. The tree itself is very useful for nitrogen fixing, erosion control, soil improvement, and watershed regulation.

## InfoBox

| *Dipterocarpus grandiflorus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Dipterocarpaceae |
| Genus: | *Dipterocarpus* |
| Species: | ***D. grandiflorus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dipterocarpus grandiflorus***
(Blanco) Blanco | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Dipterocarpus blancoi* Blume
*Dipterocarpus griffithii* Miq.
*Dipterocarpus motleyanus* Hook.f.
*Dipterocarpus pterygocalyx* Scheff.
*Dipterocarpus grandiflora* Blanco
*Vatica trigyna* Griff. | |


title: Fall in Love Again (Eddie Money song)

abstract: "Fall in Love Again" is a song by American singer Eddie Money, released in 1992 as the fourth and final single from his eighth studio album Right Here. It was written by Monty Byrom, Money and Jeff Kossack, and produced by Byrom, Randy D. Jackson and Money. "Fall in Love Again" reached No. 54 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and remained in the charts for 11 weeks. A music video was filmed to promote the single. Speaking of the song, Money told The Pantagraph in 1992: "[It's] a beautiful, beautiful ballad - and it says something about the ecology. But I don't like to spend an entire song or album, like Sting, trying to save the rain forests. I'm into it, but I've already fought my battles back in the '60s and '70s."

text:
# Fall in Love Again (Eddie Money song)

"**Fall in Love Again**" is a song by American singer Eddie Money, released in 1992 as the fourth and final single from his eighth studio album *Right Here*. It was written by Monty Byrom, Money and Jeff Kossack, and produced by Byrom, Randy D. Jackson and Money. "Fall in Love Again" reached No. 54 on the US *Billboard* Hot 100 and remained in the charts for 11 weeks. A music video was filmed to promote the single.

Speaking of the song, Money told *The Pantagraph* in 1992: "\[It's\] a beautiful, beautiful ballad - and it says something about the ecology. But I don't like to spend an entire song or album, like Sting, trying to save the rain forests. I'm into it, but I've already fought my battles back in the '60s and '70s."

## Reception

Upon release, Larry Flick of *Billboard* described the song as "a guitar-framed power ballad". He added: "\[Money's\] well-worn voice adds a distinctive and familiar flavor to an otherwise formulaic tune". Dave Sholin of the *Gavin Report* commented: "\[Money's\] raw emotion goes hand-in-hand with this tender melody boosted even more thanks to an awesome acoustic version". In a review of *Right Here*, Chuck Eddy of *LA Weekly* considered the song a "bombastic beaut of a starting-over croon".

## Track listing

1. "Fall in Love Again" - 4:25
2. "Fall in Love Again" (Acoustic version) - 4:15

## Charts

| Chart (1992) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canadian *RPM* Top Singles | 52 |
| US *Billboard* Adult Contemporary | 16 |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 54 |

## InfoBox

| "Fall in Love Again" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Eddie Money | |
| from the album  *Right Here* | |
| Released | 1992 |
| Length | 4:25 |
| Label | Columbia |
| Songwriter(s) | Monty Byrom
Eddie Money
Jeff Kossack |
| Producer(s) | Monty Byrom
Randy D. Jackson
Eddie Money |
| Eddie Money singles chronology | |
| "She Takes My Breath Away"
(1992) "**Fall in Love Again**"
(1992) "Save a Little Room in Your Heart for Me"
(1993) | |


title: Farrea omniclavata

abstract: Farrea omniclavata is a species of sea sponge first found at the bottom of shelf, canyon and seamounts of the west coast of Washington, British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska.

text:
# Farrea omniclavata

***Farrea omniclavata*** is a species of sea sponge first found at the bottom of shelf, canyon and seamounts of the west coast of Washington, British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska.

## Further reading

* Du Preez, C., et al. "Cobb Seamount Species Inventory." Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci 3122 (2015).
* Curtis, J. M. R., et al. 2012 Expedition to Cobb Seamount: Survey Methods, Data Collections, and Species Observations. 2015.

## InfoBox

| *Farrea omniclavata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Porifera |
| Class: | Hexactinellida |
| Order: | Sceptrulophora |
| Family: | Farreidae |
| Genus: | *Farrea* |
| Species: | ***F. omniclavata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Farrea omniclavata***<br>Reiswig, 2014 | |
|


title: Faraján

abstract: Faraján is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 25 kilometers from Ronda and 144 km from the city of Málaga. It is located west of Málaga in the Genal valley. It is one of the towns that make up the comarca of the Serranía de Ronda. It has a population of approximately 300 residents. The natives are called Farajeños or Celestotes.

text:
# Faraján

**Faraján** (Spanish pronunciation: \[faɾaˈxan\]) is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The municipality is situated approximately 25 kilometers from Ronda and 144 km from the city of Málaga. It is located west of Málaga in the Genal valley. It is one of the towns that make up the comarca of the Serranía de Ronda.

It has a population of approximately 300 residents. The natives are called *Farajeños* or *Celestotes*.

36°37′01″N 5°10′59″W / 36.617°N 5.183°W / 36.617; -5.183

## InfoBox

| Faraján | |
| --- | --- |
| View of Faraján | |
|  | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Andalusia |
| Area | |
| Total | 20.41 km2 (7.88 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 645 m (2,116 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 248 |
| Density | 12/km2 (31/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Website | www.farajan.com |


abstract: The Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India (FOGSI) is a professional organization representing practitioners of obstetrics and gynecology in India. With 262 member societies and over 37,000 individual members spread over the length and breadth of the country, FOGSI is probably one of the largest membership based organizations of specialized professionals.

text:
# Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India

The **Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India** (**FOGSI**) is a professional organization representing practitioners of obstetrics and gynecology in India. With 262 member societies and over 37,000 individual members spread over the length and breadth of the country, FOGSI is probably one of the largest membership based organizations of specialized professionals.

## History

FOGSI came into formal existence in Madras on January 6, 1950 at the sixth All India Congress of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, when the obstetric and gynecological societies of Ahmedabad, Bengal, Bombay, Madras and Punjab resolved to form themselves into the Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India. It was further resolved that the Federation be registered and headquartered in Bombay. The launch of FOGSI as the national organization of obstetricians and gynecologists followed five earlier All India Congresses, the first of these held in Madras in 1936 and organized by the then existing three obstetric and gynecological societies at Bombay, Kolkata and Madras.

The Indian College of Obstetrics and Gynecology is the academic wing of FOGSI with over 770 fellows. It was established by FOGSI on December 21, 1984 to further promote the education, training, research and knowledge in obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive health.

## Operations

FOGSI exists to encourage and disseminate knowledge, education and research in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, to pilot and promote preventive and therapeutic services related to the practice of obstetrics and gynecology for betterment of the health of women and children in particular and the wellbeing of the community in general, to advocate the cause of reproductive health and rights and to support and protect the interest of practitioners of obstetrics and gynecology in India.

The *Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India* is the official publication of FOGSI and is published bimonthly and circulated to every individual member. It contains articles and contributions on fundamental research and clinical practice as also case reports of clinical interest. With www.fogsi.org the official website, FOGSI has an important presence in cyberspace which works to promote and fulfill the aims and objectives of the Federation.

The Federation continues to hold the All India Congress of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, its annual conference in January for four days. FOGSI also organizes Yuva FOGSI, four regional youth conferences to promote and showcase young talent each year. Besides these annual conferences many academic activities go on round the year throughout the country with twenty six subspecialty committees simultaneously working in their designated areas.

The Federation also collaborates with and partners the Government of India and is an invited reprehensive on all relevant policy making bodies of the government on issues related to women's health.

FOGSI has close links and affiliation with international and regional organizations like International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), AOFOG and SAFOG, with many of its members having occupied positions in these organizations from time to time.

Each year FOGSI under the guidance the President selects a theme to highlight the importance of a particular issue related to women's health. This permits focus with the involvement of the large membership.

## Leadership

* Dr. Hrishikesh D. Pai - President
* Dr. Jaydeep Tank - President Elect
* Dr. S. Shantha Kumari - Immediate Past President
* Dr. Madhuri Patel - Secretary
* Dr. Suvarna Khadilkar - Deputy General Secretary
* Dr. Alka Pandey - Vice President
* Dr. Asha Baxi - Vice President
* Dr. Geetendra Sharma - Vice President
* Dr. S. Sampathkumari - Vice President
* Dr. Yashodhara Pradeep - Vice President
* Dr. Parikshit Tank - Treasurer
* Dr. Niranjan Chavan - Joint Treasurer
* Dr. Manisha Takhtani - Joint Secretary

## Prizes and awards

The FOGSI presents various prizes and awards annually during the AICOG conferences. They are:

* Mrs. Indumati Jhaveri Prizes
* Dr. C. S. Dawn Prizes
* Dr. Mrs. Jagdishwari Mishra Prizes
* Dr. C. L. Jhaveri Prizes for Miscellaneous category of Scientific Papers
* Dr. Amarendra Nath Dan Prizes for the Best Papers on MCH Care
* Mrs. Chandravati Devi Jagannath Singh Prizes for the Best Papers on Oncology
* Dr. Mrs. Siuli Rudra Prizes for the Best Papers on Endoscopy
* Mr. Karan Gupta Memorial Prizes for the Best Papers
* Bhagwato Devi Yamuna Singh Prize for the Best Papers on Geriatric Gynaecology