title: CCE Wakefield

abstract: CCE Wakefield is a large soft drinks factory in West Yorkshire owned by Coca-Cola Enterprises UK; it is the largest soft-drinks factory in Europe.

text:
# CCE Wakefield

**CCE Wakefield** is a large soft drinks factory in West Yorkshire owned by Coca-Cola Enterprises UK; it is the largest soft-drinks factory in Europe (by volume of drinks produced).

## History

It was built in 1989 at the Wakefield 41 Business Park in Outwood. From the five years after 2009, Coca-Cola invested over £100m in the plant, and £240m had been invested at the site before 2009. The main office of CCEP is in Milton Keynes. The site was visited by David Cameron, when Prime Minister, in 2010 and June 2014.

Coca-Cola has six factories in the UK.

## Production

The site produces 6,000 cans of soft drinks per minute, which is 100 per second, and up to 2,200 PET bottles a minute (HDPE bottle caps); this works out to up to one billion litres of soft drink a year. The factory can produce 40,000 PET bottles (empty) an hour.

Next door is a factory of (former) Rexam, that produces the metal cans. The plant sources its water from the nearby Ardsley Reservoir which is 1.2 miles (2 km) to the west.

## Structure

It is situated on the north of the Wakefield 41 industrial estate, next to the M1 motorway, about 0.62 miles (1 km) from junction 41. It is about 980 feet (300 m) west of the East Coast Main Line (ECML). The site has an area the size of 16 football pitches, but when aggregated with the company's own solar farm (1.5 miles (2.4 km) further north), the footprint covers 33 football pitches.

## InfoBox

| CCEP Wakefield | |
| --- | --- |
| View of the can factory with the soft drinks plant behind (2009) | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Type | Soft drinks factory |
| Address | Wakefield, WF2 0XR |
| Country | England |
| Coordinates | 53°43′08″N 1°31′16″W / 53.719°N 1.521°W / 53.719; -1.521 |
| Elevation | 95 m (312 ft) |
| Current tenants | 450 staff |
| Cost | £90m |
| Client | Coca-Cola & Schweppes Beverages |
| Owner | Coca-Cola Europacific Partners |
| Website | |
| CCE Wakefield | |


title: CLSPN

abstract: Claspin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLSPN gene.

text:
# CLSPN

**Claspin** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *CLSPN* gene.

## Function

*Xenopus* claspin is an essential upstream regulator of checkpoint kinase 1 and triggers a checkpoint arrest of the cell cycle in the presence of DNA templates in Xenopus egg extracts. The human gene appears to be the homolog Xenopus claspin and its function has not been determined.

## Interactions

CLSPN has been shown to interact with:

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| CLSPN | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | CLSPN, claspin | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 605434; MGI: 2445153; HomoloGene: 11138; GeneCards: CLSPN; OMA:CLSPN - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001190481
NM\_022111
NM\_001330490   NM\_175554   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001177410
NP\_001317419
NP\_071394   NP\_780763
NP\_001392727
NP\_001392728
NP\_001392729
NP\_001392730   Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 35.72 – 35.77 Mb Chr 4: 126.45 – 126.49 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: CDT da Anhanguera

abstract: The Centro de Televisão da Anhanguera, popularly known as CDT da Anhanguera, is the second largest center of television production in Brazil and is the headquarters of the Brazilian TV company SBT. The complex is second only to the Estúdios Globo of TV Globo, located in Rio de Janeiro. The large complex was inaugurated in 1996 by Silvio Santos and it is located in the city of Osasco within the Greater São Paulo metro area. It concentrates all of the activity of SBT in a single facility.

text:
# CDT da Anhanguera

23°28′32″S 46°46′39″W / 23.47556°S 46.77750°W / -23.47556; -46.77750

The **Centro de Televisão da Anhanguera**, popularly known as **CDT da Anhanguera**, is the second largest center of television production in Brazil and is the headquarters of the Brazilian TV company SBT. The complex is second only to the Estúdios Globo of TV Globo, located in Rio de Janeiro. The large complex was inaugurated in 1996 by Silvio Santos and it is located in the city of Osasco within the Greater São Paulo metro area. It concentrates all of the activity of SBT in a single facility.

## Size

While the Estúdios Globo of TV Globo has 399 thousand m2, the CDT da Anhanguera studios has 290 thousand m2. This makes the complex the second largest in the country.

## Infrastructure

The **CDT da Anhanguera** has 11 studios, sewage drainage, an electric power substation, a restaurant, snack bar, bank branch, convenience store, fitness center, internal transportation, medical and dental center, helipad, parking for 700 cars and as well as multi-sport courts.

**Recording of programs in other places**

* **Studio S** \- Base of transport of the SBT and leases for MTV and ESPN.

1. SBT - CDT da Anhanguera
2. "Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão - SBT".
3. SBT - CDT da Anhanguera

## InfoBox

CDT Anhanguera
Complexo Anhanguera
| Genre | Television and film production company |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1996 |
| Headquarters | Osasco, SP, Brazil |
| Owner | Grupo Silvio Santos |
| Website | www.sbt.com.br/cdt |


title: Sarah (1986 ship)

abstract: Sarah is the name of the former motor yacht Zamba. It was renamed and refitted in 2023 to patrol rescue zones in the Mediterranean Sea.

text:
# Sarah (1986 ship)

***Sarah*** is the name of the former motor yacht ***Zamba***. It was renamed and refitted in 2023 to patrol rescue zones in the Mediterranean Sea.

## History

### *Zamba*

*Zamba* was commissioned in 1986 as a motor yacht built by Reigle Marine Ltd. in Hamble, United Kingdom. The hull was made from aluminium; the deck was planked with teak. The vessel was originally built with a cabin for the owner, four guest cabins, and a cabin for the crew. It was powered by two MAN diesel engines, producing 824.32 kW (1,105.43 hp) and allowing for a top speed of 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph).

*Zamba* was auctioned off in late 2022. German national Thomas Nuding won the auction and acquired the ship for the "Search and Rescue for all Humans" (Sarah) NGO, located in Meßkirch. He intended to put together a crew of rescuers and deploy it in the Mediterranean Sea. The final price, including fees, was around 107,000 Euros.

### *Sarah*

The ship was re-christend *Sarah* and transferred to Arenys de Mar in Spain, where repair and refit started in October 2023 in the "Varador 2000" shipyard. The interior was redesigned to house a cabin for up to 100 rescued individuals, a small medical station, and crew cabins. Larger fuel tanks provide longer operational range and two stainless steel davits on the stern allow the operation of a large speedboat. The hull was painted in bright orange, the superstructure is white. The ship is meant to operate with a crew of 12 and the activists chose Karlsruhe as home port, hoping to gain additional funding from the city council. In July 2024 the estimated cost for *Sarah* per mission was 35,000 Euros, with 20,000 Euros for fuel being the lion's share, funded by donations.

In July 2024, *Sarah* left Spain and headed for Sicily. In Licata she anchored next to the impounded *Louise Michel*. Under the command of Thomas Nuding the crew practised with the new ship and prepared to go on its first mission south of Lampedusa. *Sarah* picked up 19 migrants on 21 July, who claimed to originate in Syria and Palestine and allegedly had departed from Libya.

In late September 2024 the ship left Sicily again and headed for the SAR zone. Guided by activists from the Alarmphone NGO, a craft with some 32 migrants was found 150 kilometres south of Lampedusa on 23 September. The group, including 4 women and 3 male children, were taken aboard the *Sarah*, which then headed to Pozzallo, where it arrived the next day. The 32 migrants apparently originated from Egypt, Syria, Sudan, Eritrea, Sierra Leone and Palestine.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Name |  |
| Builder | Dunns Palm/Reigle Marine |
| Laid down | 1980 |
| Launched | 1986 |
| Refit | 2023 |
| Homeport | Karlsruhe |
| Identification |  |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | REIGLE MARINE 70 |
| Length | 21.34 m (70 ft 0 in) |
| Beam | 6.10 m (20 ft 0 in) |
| Draught | 2.44 m (8 ft 0 in) |
| Propulsion | 2 x MAN diesel engines with 824.32 kW (1,105 hp) each |
| Speed | 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) |
| Complement | 12 (in 2024 SAR role) |


title: Sarah (1810 ship)

abstract: Sarah was launched at Bristol as a West Indiaman. From 1818, after repairs to damage from a fire in 1817, she sailed as an East Indiaman until she wrecked at the Cape of Good Hope in 1822.

text:
# Sarah (1810 ship)

***Sarah*** was launched at Bristol as a West Indiaman. From 1818, after repairs to damage from a fire in 1817, she sailed as an East Indiaman until she wrecked at the Cape of Good Hope in 1822.

## Career

*Sarah* entered *Lloyd's Register* in 1810 with J. Baker, master, P.J.Miles, owner, and trade Bristol–Saint Croix. Captain James Baker acquired a letter of marque on 21 March 1810. *Sarah* made annual West Indian voyages until the end of 1817.

On 7 August 1812 *Betsey*, of Dublin, Nixon, master, developed a leak. The next day her crew and ten passengers abandoned her in the Atlantic Ocean at (44°27′N 41°09′W / 44.450°N 41.150°W / 44.450; -41.150). *Sarah* was returning from Jamaica when she encountered the survivors. She took them aboard and brought them to Bristol.

On 20 November 1817 *Sarah*, Baker, master, was bound for Jamaica when she caught fire in the Float (North Docks) at Bristol. She sustained considerable damage and by the next day was full of water. She sustained considerable damage and her owner, P.J.Miles decided to sell her, and *William Miles*, his other large ship.

In March 1818, *Sarah* was advertised for sale "... as she now lies (in consequence of having one side much injured by fire)." Her buyer was a London merchant (given variously in advertisements as Edmund Read or Edward Reed). She then underwent repairs. In its 1819 volume, *Lloyd's Register* gave her owner and master as Norton, and her trade as Bristol–India.

On 19 April 1819, *Sarah*, James Norton, master, "late of the Company's service" sailed for Bombay, via Madeira, Cape of Good Hope and the Île de France. *Lloyd's Register*'s list of ships sailing under a license from the EIC gave her owner's name as E. Read, and her destination as Fort St George (Madras.

## Fate

On 10 July 1822 *Sarah*, Norton, master, was at anchor at the Cape while sailing from Bombay to London. A gale came up and filled her. Norton cut her from her anchors in the hope of running her ashore and saving the cargo. However, she was unmanageable and she drifted to the head of the bay; morning revealed that she was a total wreck. Much of her cargo had floated ashore.

## Citations

1. Farr (1950), p. 249.
2. Hackman (2001), p. 311.
3. "Letter of Marque, p.86 - accessed 25 July 2017" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
4. *Lloyd's Register* (1810), Supple. pages "S", Seq.№S306.
5. *Lloyd's List* №4698.
6. *Lloyd's List* №5232.
7. Hill (1959), p. 18.
8. *Lloyd's Register* (1819), Supple. pages "S", Seq.№S20.
9. *Lloyd's Register* (1820), "Licensed India Ships".
10. *Lloyd's List* №5740.
* Farr, Grahame E., ed. (1950). *Records of Bristol Ships, 1800-1838 (vessels over 150 tons)*. Vol. 15. Bristol Record Society.
* Hackman, Rowan (2001). *Ships of the East India Company*. Gravesend, Kent: World Ship Society. ISBN 0-905617-96-7.
* Hill, John Charles Gathorne (1959). *Shipshape and Bristol Fashion*. Journal of Commerce and Shipping Telegraph.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United Kingdom | |
| Name | *Sarah* |
| Owner | * 1810: Philip James Miles * 1818:E.Read |
| Builder | Hillhouse Sons & Co., Bristol |
| Launched | 12 March 1810, or 24 March 1810 |
| Fate | Wrecked 10 July 1822 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen | 499, or 500, or 5004894 (bm) |
| Propulsion | Sail |
| Complement | 35 |
| Armament | 14 × 12&9&6-pounder cannons |
| Notes | Three decks |


title: CT2

abstract: CT2 is a cordless telephony standard that was used in the early 1990s to provide short-range proto-mobile phone service in some countries in Europe and in Hong Kong. It is considered the precursor to the more successful DECT system. CT2 was also referred to by its marketing name, Telepoint.

text:
# CT2

**CT2** is a cordless telephony standard that was used in the early 1990s to provide short-range proto-mobile phone service in some countries in Europe and in Hong Kong. It is considered the precursor to the more successful DECT system. CT2 was also referred to by its marketing name, **Telepoint**.

## Overview

CT2 is a digital FDMA system that uses time-division duplexing technology to share carrier frequencies between handsets and base stations. Features of the system are:

* Standardized on 864–868 MHz
* 500 frames/second (alternately base station and handset)
* 100 kHz carriers
* 32 kbit/s ADPCM voice channel compression
* 10 mW maximum power output
* GFSK data encoding
* Up to 100 metre (300 ft) range

Unlike DECT, CT2 was a voice-only system, though like any minimally-compressed voice system, users could deploy analog modems to transfer data; in the early 1990s, Apple Computer sold a CT2 modem called the PowerBop to make use of France's Bi-Bop CT2 network. Although CT2 is a microcellular system, fully capable of supporting handoff, unlike DECT it does not support "forward handoff", meaning that it has to drop its former radio link before establishing the subsequent one, leading to a sub-second dropout in the call during the handover.

## Deployment and usage

CT2 was deployed in a number of countries, including Britain and France. In Britain, the Ferranti Zonephone system was the first public network to go live in 1989, and the much larger Rabbit network – backed by Hong Kong's Hutchison Telecommunications – operated from 1992 to 1993. In France, the Bi-Bop network ran from 1991 to 1997. In the Netherlands, Dutch incumbent PTT deployed a CT2-based network called Greenpoint from 1992 to 1999; in the first year it used the name and mascot Kermit but royalties proved prohibitively large and the mascot was dropped. The service continued under the brand name Greenhopper, with at one time over 60,000 subscribers. In Finland, the Pointer service was available for a short time in the 1980s before being superseded by Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT). Since 31 December 2008, CTA1 and CTA2 based phones are forbidden in Germany.

Outside Europe, the system achieved a certain amount of popularity in Hong Kong with three operators offering service from 1991, until licenses were terminated in 1996. A CT2 service was offered in Singapore from 1993 to 1998 by Telecommunications Equipment under the brand name *Callzone*, using Motorola's Silverlink 2000 Birdie handset.

Typical CT2 users were sold a handset and base station which they could connect to their own home telephone wiring. Calls via the home base station would be routed via the home telephone line and in this configuration the system was identical to a standard cordless phone, for both incoming and outgoing calls.

Once out of range of the home, the CT2 user could find signs indicating a network base station in the area, and make outgoing calls (but not receive calls) using the network base station. Base stations were in a variety of places, including high-streets and other shopping areas, gas stations, and transport hubs such as rail stations. In this configuration, callers would be charged a per-minute rate which was higher than if they made calls from home, but not as high as conventional cellular charges.

The advantages to the user were that the rates were generally lower than cellular, and that the same handset could be used at home and away from home. The disadvantages, compared to cellular, were that many networks did not deliver incoming calls to the phones (Bi-Bop was an exception), and that their areas of use were more limited.

There are no known open CT2 networks still running.

## Similar systems

Japan's Personal Handyphone System, another system based upon microcells, is a direct analog of CT2 and has achieved a much greater level of success. PHS is a full microcellular system with hand-off, better range, and more features.

The DECT system is CT2's successor, and also supports full microcellular service and data. However, to date DECT has been used to provide commercial mobile-phone like service only in Italy in 1997-8 (the FIDO network).

Canada adopted an enhanced version of CT2, known as CT2Plus, in 1993, operating in the 944–948.5 MHz band. CT2Plus class 2 systems benefited from the use of common signalling channels and offered multi-cell hand-off as well as tracking of devices. Incoming calls could be received anywhere within a multi-cell system. Nortel Networks offered a private branch exchange system based on the standard which was specified in Department of Communication document RSS-130 Annex 1.

In the United States, a system similar to DECT and PHS called PACS was developed but never deployed commercially.

CT2, as used in Europe and Hong Kong, required adherence to the MPT 1322 and MPT 1334 technical standards. Most striking was the use of TDD (time-division duplex) channels where one radio channel carried both sides of a duplex telephone conversation. This solved the problem of different propagation paths between two widely separated channels (up to 45 MHz in some cellular systems), but also placed an upper limit on the range of CT-2 signaling, since the speed of light (and radio signals) prevented long transmission paths. However, the use of TDD made available many frequency bands for CT-2 use, since a "paired" return path was not needed.

An American company, Cellular 21, Inc. (later to become Advanced Cordless Technologies, Inc.) headed by broadcaster Matt Edwards, petitioned the FCC to permit the use of CT2 technology in the US. ACT built two active test systems which were located in Monticello, New York (outdoor), and outside and inside the South Street Seaport complex in lower Manhattan. The Monticello public field trials used Timex technology which was incompatible with the trans-European standard, while the South Street Seaport indoor test used equipment from Ferranti, GPT, and Motorola, which at the time manufactured CT2 equipment for the Singapore and Hong Kong markets. GPT and Motorola both provided CT2 equipment for the Rabbit system rollout (GPT handset and charger shown above). All the testing was under an FCC Experimental license. The ACT/Cellular 21 "Petition for Rulemaking" (RM-7152), along with a later petition by Millicom, became the basis of the FCC's PCS initiative (FCC GEN Docket 90-314) which resulted in the allocation of frequencies in the 1.7 to 2.1 GHz band as spectrum expansion for the crowded 800 MHz cellular band. The FCC used the acronym PCS to designate Personal Communications Services, separate and distinct from cellular service which was 800 MHz analog at the time. PCS was to be digital-only, and has progressed through several "generations" (mostly marketing designations) such as G3 and G4.


title: Cacochloris

abstract: Cacochloris is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae. The genus was first described by Prout in 1912.

text:
# Cacochloris

***Cacochloris*** is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae. The genus was first described by Prout in 1912.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Cacochloris* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | ***Cacochloris***<br>Prout, 1912 |
|


title: Cacodaphnella delgada

abstract: Cacodaphnella delgada, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

text:
# Cacodaphnella delgada

***Cacodaphnella delgada***, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 8 mm.

## Distribution

This species can be found in the Pacific Ocean off Nicaragua

* Tucker, J.K. 2004 *Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda)*. Zootaxa 682:1–1295.
* "*Cacodaphnella delgada*". *Gastropods.com*. Retrieved 15 January 2019.

## InfoBox

| *Cacodaphnella delgada* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Original image of a shell (and its protoconch) of *Cacodaphnella delgada* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Mangeliidae |
| Genus: | *Cacodaphnella* |
| Species: | ***C. delgada*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cacodaphnella delgada***<br>Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932 | |
|


title: Ca Pierre

abstract: Ca Pierre is a village in the Arcahaie commune in the Arcahaie Arrondissement, in the Ouest department of Haiti.

text:
# Ca Pierre

**Ca Pierre** is a village in the Arcahaie commune in the Arcahaie Arrondissement, in the Ouest department of Haiti.

* Arcahaie, for a list of other settlements in the commune.

## InfoBox

| Ca Pierre | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Ca PierreLocation in Haiti | |
| Coordinates: 18°53′31″N 72°33′14″W / 18.8919602°N 72.5540007°W / 18.8919602; -72.5540007 | |
| Country | Haiti |
| Department | Ouest |
| Arrondissement | Arcahaie |
| Elevation | 1,195 m (3,921 ft) |


title: Saraswati Barrage

abstract: The Saraswati Barrage, also known as the Annaram Barrage is an irrigation project on Godavari River located at Annaram Village, Mahadevpur Mandal, Jayashankar Bhupalpally district in Telangana State, India. This is the second point and one of the barrages proposed in Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project which envisages construction of three barrages between Yellampalli and Medigadda. Proposed Annaram Barrage details:

text:
# Saraswati Barrage

The **Saraswati Barrage**, also known as the **Annaram Barrage** is an irrigation project on Godavari River located at Annaram Village, Mahadevpur Mandal, Jayashankar Bhupalpally district in Telangana State, India.

This is the second point and one of the barrages proposed in Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project which envisages construction of three barrages between Yellampalli and Medigadda.

**Proposed Annaram Barrage details:**

| Barrage | Bed level (m) | Pond Level (m) | Gross Storage (TMC) | Number of Gates |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Annaram Barrage | 107.0 | 120.0 | 11.9 | 66 |

## Project info

Annaram Barrage foundation was laid by First Chief Minister of Telangana, K.Chandrashekar Rao on 2 May 2016.

The project started by Telangana government as part of the Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Schema to irrigate the 18.5 lakh acres of new land and stabilize 11.8 lakh (1,118,000) acres (480,000 ha) of existing irrigated land.

## InfoBox

| Saraswati Barrage | |
| --- | --- |
| Annaram Barrage at Mahadevpur MandalSaraswati Barrage (India) | |
| Location | Annaram (village), Mahadevpur Telangana |
| Coordinates | 18°45′51.9″N 79°49′24.7″E / 18.764417°N 79.823528°E / 18.764417; 79.823528 |
| Purpose | Multi-purpose |
| Status | Operational |
| Construction began | 2 May 2016 |
| Opening date | 21 June 2019 |
| Built by | Afcons Infrastructure Limited (Subsidiary of Shapoorji Pallonji Group) |
| Owner(s) | Government of Telangana |
| Operator(s) | Irrigation & CAD Department, Government of Telangana |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Barrage |
| Impounds | Godavari River |
| Length | 1,270 m |
| Spillways | 66 |
| Reservoir | |
| Creates | Saraswati Barrage |
| Total capacity | 11.9 tmcft 336,970 megalitres |
| Power Station | |
| Operator(s) | Telangana State Power Generation Corporation Limited |
| Commission date | Planned |
| Type | Barrage |


title: Santana Indigenous Territory

abstract: Santana is an indigenous territory located approximately 140 km from municípality of Nobres, in the central state of Mato Grosso.

text:
# Santana Indigenous Territory

**Santana** is an indigenous territory located approximately 140 km from municípality of Nobres, in the central state of Mato Grosso.

## History

The Bakairis of Rio Novo, as recorded by ethnographer Karl von den Steinen in 1884, were already present in the region where the Santana indigenous land is currently located. This Bakairi group, in time immemorial, dispersed from the other Bakairi heading towards the headwaters of the Arinos River. The same group was the first to be contacted by non-indigenous people, consequently the first to suffer the consequences of colonization. Regarding this, Steinen reports evidence of socio-cultural impacts on the way of life of the Bakairi of Rio Novo, in the years 1884: “The little people led an idyllic life. He took care of cattle and crops, went hunting, planted cassava, beans, corn, rice, some tobacco and sugar. They were civilized, despite their pierced ears and nasal septum (...) Everyone understood, at least, crumbs of Portuguese”.

The first outstanding leader among the Bakairi was known as Captain Reginaldo I'elu, who had the following information "...always showed interest in the German expeditionary's notes, and he also had the admirable quality of an easy apprehension, expressing clearly, in Portuguese, although rude." Still about Captain Reginaldo, it is known that he was mainly responsible for the first demarcation of the Bakairi Indigenous Area, which occurred in 1905, through Act nº 362, of 24 April/1905 on the initiative of the State Government.

The creation of the Santana Indigenous Post, which took place in 1965, was a demand of the Bakairis of Rio Novo themselves, as a way of securing part of the traditional territory, through the Indian Protection Service, as it was being invaded by farmers.

And so, the Kurâ Bakairi people of Rio Novo have witnessed changes over the last 3 centuries. The Santana village is the mother village of the other villages that currently exist in the territory of the Santana Indigenous Territory, namely Aldeia Nova Canaã and Aldeia Quilombo (Igu Iâ'o).

## InfoBox

| Santana Indigenous Territory | |
| --- | --- |
| Terra Indígena Santana | |
| Nova Canaã, one of the villages in the Santana Indigenous Territory. | |
|  | |
| Location | Mato Grosso |
| Coordinates | 14°03′41″S 55°42′18″W / 14.06139°S 55.70500°W / -14.06139; -55.70500 |
| Designation | Indigenous territory |


title: ST Telemedia

abstract: ST Telemedia (STT) is a Singapore-headquartered strategic investor specialising in Communications and Media, Data Centres and Infrastructure Technology businesses globally. It is represented in 15 countries, three continents across Asia Pacific, the US and Europe. It is a portfolio company of Temasek Holdings. In 2016, the company refreshed its corporate identity, adopting a new logo and streamlined business name ST Telemedia.

text:
# ST Telemedia

**ST Telemedia** (**STT**) is a Singapore-headquartered strategic investor specialising in Communications and Media, Data Centres and Infrastructure Technology businesses globally. It is represented in 15 countries, three continents across Asia Pacific, the US and Europe. It is a portfolio company of Temasek Holdings. In 2016, the company refreshed its corporate identity, adopting a new logo and streamlined business name ST Telemedia.

## Business activities

STT's investment portfolio is centred on three business segments across the digital value chain – Communication & Media, Data Centres, and Infrastructure Technology.

### 2020

* In March 2020, STT announced the completion of its majority investment in CloudCover, a cloud-native service provider with presence in India and Southeast Asia.

### 2019

* In January 2019, STT announced that it completed the acquisition of a majority stake in Cloud Comrade, a Singapore-based cloud computing company with presence also in Malaysia and Indonesia.
* ST Telemedia Cloud, a public cloud solutions provider across APAC was established.
* Quantum Security, a portfolio company of STT announced its official entry into the AI and Cloud IT market.
* In October 2019, STT announced that it was taking a majority stake in Seattle-based cloud service provider 2nd Watch.

### 2018

* In January 2018, STT led in a new round of funding for Bespin Global, a cloud management company which helps enterprise customers in South Korea and China with cloud adoption.

### 2017

* In November 2017, STT led in a new round of funding for Instart Logic, which created a cloud-based digital experience platform that enables brands to increase their online performance.
* In April 2017, STT announced its investment in Dallas-based Armor, The First Totally Secure Cloud Company™, and became a joint lead shareholder with The Stephens Group.

### 2016

* In August 2016, STT unveiled a refreshed corporate identity to reflect its new strategic direction.
* In June 2016, STT announced its lead investment in Moogsoft's Series C financing, giving the real-time IT Operation Analytics provider a boost to expand its global operations in Europe, Asia and Americas.
* In May 2016, STT announced its strategic partnership with Tata Communications to expand data centre business in India and Singapore. The partnership involved a 74% majority stake acquisition of Tata Communications’ data centre business in India and Singapore by STT’s wholly owned subsidiary, ST Telemedia Global Data Centres (STT GDC). Tata Communications remains as a significant shareholder, holding the remaining 26% stake in the business. The acquisition of the data centres in India was completed in October 2016, while the acquisition of the data centres in Singapore completed in February 2017.

### 2015

* In August 2015, STT made its first investment in emerging technology verticals, leading a US$40 million financing round in Datameer, a big data analytics and visualization company based in San Francisco, California. Datameer is a big data analytics platform that helps companies create and extract value from enterprise data lakes.
* In July 2015, STT announced a joint venture partnership where its portfolio companies STT GDC and StarHub agreed to build and develop MediaHub, a highly specialised telecommunications, media and data centre facility.
* In June 2015, STT, through STT GDC, invested in VIRTUS Data Centres in the UK.
* In March 2015, STT announced plans to build its flagship data centre, known as STT Defu, in Singapore.

### 2014

* In August 2014, STT re-entered the data centre market with its investment in GDS Services (GDS), a leading provider of advanced and high-availability data centre services in China.

### 2011

* In May 2011, STT invested in Sky Cable, the Philippines' largest cable company and leading broadband service provider.

### 2010

* In March 2010, STT acquired a 33% stake in U Mobile, Malaysia's fourth mobile service provider. It also took a 10% stake in VNPT Global, a subsidiary of VNPT Group, Vietnam's foremost full service telecommunications service operator.

## InfoBox

ST Telemedia
|
|  |
| Industry | Communications, Media and Technology |
| Headquarters | Singapore |
| Subsidiaries | ST Telemedia Global Data Centres India |
| Website | www.sttelemedia.com, www.sttelemediagdc.com |


title: Santana FC

abstract: Santana Futebol Clube is a football club that plays in the São Tomé and Príncipe Championship. The team is based in the island of São Tomé. The team has won one title and is the seventh team ever to win their first title as well as their only title in 1991. In the same year, they won the opening and the insular titles as well. Santana are one of two clubs from Cantagalo to get a national competitive honor. Santana was the first São Tomean club to participate in any of the African competitions in 1999, the next appearance was in 2001 and the third was in 2013. Santana was relegated to the regional Second Division in 2011 and remained there for three seasons until they reached the top two. Santana spent three seasons in the Premier Division, in 2016, the club finished 11th place which was inside the relegation zone. Santana is currently in the Second Division for the 2017 season.

text:
# Santana FC

**Santana Futebol Clube** is a football club that plays in the São Tomé and Príncipe Championship. The team is based in the island of São Tomé. The team has won one title and is the seventh team ever to win their first title as well as their only title in 1991. In the same year, they won the opening and the insular titles as well. Santana are one of two clubs from Cantagalo to get a national competitive honor.

Santana was the first São Tomean club to participate in any of the African competitions in 1999, the next appearance was in 2001 and the third was in 2013.

Santana was relegated to the regional Second Division in 2011 and remained there for three seasons until they reached the top two. Santana spent three seasons in the Premier Division, in 2016, the club finished 11th place which was inside the relegation zone. Santana is currently in the Second Division for the 2017 season.

## Honours

1991 1991 1991 1991

## League and cup history

### Performance in CAF competitions

1999 – withdrew in preliminary round, competed with Sony Elá Nguema of Equatorial Guinea

### Island championships

| Season | Div. | Pos. | Pl. | W | D | L | GS | GA | GD | P | Cup | Qualification/relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2011 | 2 | **12** | 21 | 2 | 3 | 16 | 15 | 44 | -29 | **9** |  | Relegated into the Regional Second Division |
| 2012 | 3 |  | 18 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |  | None |
| 2013 | 3 |  | 18 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |  | Qualified into the Regional Premier Division |
| 2014 | 2 | **8** | 18 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |  | None |
| 2015 | 2 | **2** | 18 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 19 | 19 | 0 | 28 |  |  |
| 2016 | 2 | **11** | 22 | 4 | 5 | 13 | 25 | 42 | -17 | **17** |  | Relegated into the Regional Second Division |

## Statistics

* **Best position:** 1st (national)
* **Best position at cup competitions:** 1st (national)
* **Appearances:**
    + **National:** 1
    + **Regional:** 33

## InfoBox

Santana
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Santana Futebol Clube |
| Ground | Campo de Futebol
Santana on São Tomé Island,
São Tomé and Príncipe |
| League | São Tome Island League |
| 2011 | 12th, Relegated |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Bridgeport High School (Texas)

abstract: Bridgeport High School is a public high school located in the city of Bridgeport, Texas, United States. It is classified as a 4A school by the UIL. It is a part of the Bridgeport Independent School District located in west central Wise County. In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

text:
# Bridgeport High School (Texas)

**Bridgeport High School** is a public high school located in the city of Bridgeport, Texas, United States. It is classified as a 4A school by the UIL. It is a part of the Bridgeport Independent School District located in west central Wise County. In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

## Athletics

The Bridgeport Bulls compete in the following sports:

* Baseball
* Basketball
* Cross country
* Football
* Golf
* Powerlifting
* Soccer
* Softball
* Tennis
* Track
* Volleyball

### State titles

* Boys Basketball
    + 2015 (4A)
* Boys Golf
    + 2024 (4A)
* Soccer
    + State Runner-Up 2016 (4A)

## Academics

* UIL Academic Meet Champions
    + 1995 (3A), 1996 (3A), 1997 (3A), 1998 (1A), 2000 (3A), 2001 (3A), 2003 (3A)

## InfoBox

| Bridgeport High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
| 1 Maroon Dr.
Bridgeport, Texas 76426-3999
United States | |
| Information | |
| School type | Public high school |
| School district | Bridgeport Independent School District |
| Principal | Kyle Hatcher |
| Teaching staff | 45.71 (FTE) |
| Grades | 9-12 |
| Enrollment | 633 (2022–2023) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 13.85 |
| Color(s) | Maroon and white |
| Athletics conference | UIL Class AAAA |
| Nickname | Bulls and Sissies |
| Yearbook | *Stampede* |
| Website | Bridgeport High School |


title: CUBIT

abstract: Cubit, often stylized CUBIT, is a computer user interface system for multi-touch devices, designed by Stefan Hechenberger and Addie Wagenknecht for Nortd Labs. It was developed to "demystify multitouch" technology by using an open-source model for software and hardware. It is a direct competitor of Microsoft Surface.

text:
# CUBIT

**Cubit**, often stylized **CUBIT**, is a computer user interface system for multi-touch devices, designed by Stefan Hechenberger and Addie Wagenknecht for Nortd Labs. It was developed to "demystify multitouch" technology by using an open-source model for software and hardware. It is a direct competitor of Microsoft Surface.

## Purchasing

As of 2 May 2008, Nortd Labs is accepting orders for developer kits named the TouchKit. Kit buyers and users must supply their own projector and camera at a cost estimated at between $1,080 and $1,580 USD.

As of July 2008, the CUBIT system is for sale, by commission only, and both are rumored to have a two to three-month waiting list.


title: Sarah Asplin

abstract: Dame Sarah Jane Asplin, is a British judge of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales. She was granted the customary appointment as Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire on appointment as a High Court judge in 2012, becoming the third woman appointed to the Chancery Division.

text:
# Sarah Asplin

**Dame Sarah Jane Asplin**, DBE (born 16 September 1959) is a British judge of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales. She was granted the customary appointment as Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire on appointment as a High Court judge in 2012, becoming the third woman appointed to the Chancery Division.

## Education

Asplin attended Southampton Sixth Form College for Girls and read law at Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, earning a BA in Law in 1982 (promoted to MA (Cantab) by seniority in 1986). She went on to obtain the degree of BCL at St Edmund Hall, Oxford.

Asplin was called to the bar (Gray's Inn) in 1984 and was appointed a Queen's Counsel in 2002. She became the Head of Chambers at 3 Stone Buildings in 2009, and was a deputy High Court Judge until her appointment to the High Court on 1 October 2012 as the Honourable Mrs Justice Asplin. She was the third woman to be assigned to the Chancery Division, after Mary Arden and Sonia Proudman.

On 22 February 2013, she was appointed as Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire.

She was promoted to the Court of Appeal on 7 October 2017.

In January 2019, Dame Sarah's appointment as Chair of the Church of England's Clergy Discipline Commission was announced. She simultaneously became the President of the Tribunals.

## Personal life

In 1986, Asplin married Nicholas A. Sherwin, a solicitor with Clifford Chance, who had been a contemporary at Cambridge.

## InfoBox

| The Right HonourableLady Justice AsplinDBE | |
| --- | --- |
| Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom | |
|  | |
| Lady Justice of Appeal | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
2017 | |
| Justice of the High Court | |
| **In office**
2012–2017 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1959-09-16) 16 September 1959
United Kingdom |
| Alma mater | Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge |
|  | |


title: Cadbury Snack

abstract: A Cadbury Snack is a shortcake biscuit square or two biscuits with chocolate filling, covered with milk chocolate.

text:
# Cadbury Snack

A **Cadbury Snack** is a shortcake biscuit square or two biscuits with chocolate filling, covered with milk chocolate.

## History

Three versions of Cadbury Snack are available in the United Kingdom and Ireland: Snack Shortcake (chocolate-coated shortbread in a yellow wrapper), Snack Wafer (chocolate-covered wafer fingers in a pink wrapper) and Snack Sandwich, an individual chocolate-and-biscuit bar similar to the original Jacob's Club biscuit. In February 2015, Cadbury announced that it was ceasing production of the Snack Wafer due to declining sales.

During the 1970s there was a Cadbury Snack Finger (chocolate-covered fingers in a blue wrapper) see Cadbury Fingers & in the 2000s there were limited editions of other versions of Snack.

## Advertising

During the 1950s and 1960s there were black-and-white television adverts for the Snack product. Colour ads appeared in the 1970s. In 1986 the television advert used the phrase "Bridge the Gap". There were cartoon adverts in the 1990s.

## Australian version

In Australia, the Cadbury Dairy Milk Snack block is a six-piece bar of milk chocolate filled with six different flavours (strawberry, pineapple, orange, coconut ice, Turkish delight and caramel), with each square piece having a different shape corresponding to its flavour, and available in 135-gram (4.8 oz) and 200-gram (7.1 oz) sizes. It began production in 1974; before then, the chocolate was created by MacRobertson's. In June 2009, Cadbury reduced the size of the bars.


title: Cadusian campaign of Artaxerxes II

abstract: The Cadusian Campaign was a military campaign of King Artaxerxes II of Persia in 385 BC against the Cadusii. The origins of the campaign are not attested in historical sources, but it was probably in response to a revolt of the Cadusii and the refusal of paying tribute. The Cadusii people lived in a mountainous district of Media Atropatene on the south-west shores of the Caspian Sea, between the parallels of 39° and 37° North latitude, called for its inhabitants Cadusia. This district was probably bounded on the North by the river Cyrus, and on the South by the river Mardus, and corresponds with the modern Iranian provinces of Gilan and Ardabil. They are described by Strabo as a warlike tribe of mountaineers, fighting chiefly on foot, and well skilled in the use of the short spear or javelin. Artaxerxes organized an expedition that, according to Plutarch, consisted of 300,000 infantry soldiers and 10,000 cavalry soldiers. He commanded the expedition in person and among the officers accompanying him were Tiribazus and Datames. Advancing inside enemy territory, it didn't take long before the army started to suffer from starvation. The mountainous terrain offered little food but some pears, apples, and other tree-fruits insufficient to feed such a host of fighting men. The army was reduced to eating their own beasts of burden first and later their own cavalry mounts. Tiribazus found a solution to resolve the campaign and save the King's army. He knew that the Cadusii were divided between two rival chiefs so he sent his son to negotiate with one while he negotiated with the other. Both Tiribazus and his son convinced the Cadusii chiefs that the other had sent envoys to the Persian King and sought an advantageous peace. Neither of the two chiefs wanting to be outmaneuvered by their rival, they submitted to Artaxerxes. With the successful negotiations concluded the army retreated, ending the campaign.

text:
# Cadusian campaign of Artaxerxes II

The **Cadusian Campaign** was a military campaign of King Artaxerxes II of Persia in 385 BC against the Cadusii. The origins of the campaign are not attested in historical sources, but it was probably in response to a revolt of the Cadusii and the refusal of paying tribute.

The Cadusii people lived in a mountainous district of Media Atropatene on the south-west shores of the Caspian Sea, between the parallels of 39° and 37° North latitude, called for its inhabitants Cadusia. This district was probably bounded on the North by the river Cyrus (today Kura, in Azerbaijan, historically known as Arran and Caucasian Albania), and on the South by the river Mardus (today Sefid River), and corresponds with the modern Iranian provinces of Gilan and Ardabil. They are described by Strabo as a warlike tribe of mountaineers, fighting chiefly on foot, and well skilled in the use of the short spear or javelin.

Artaxerxes organized an expedition that, according to Plutarch, consisted of 300,000 infantry soldiers and 10,000 cavalry soldiers. He commanded the expedition in person and among the officers accompanying him were Tiribazus and Datames. Advancing inside enemy territory, it didn't take long before the army started to suffer from starvation. The mountainous terrain offered little food but some pears, apples, and other tree-fruits insufficient to feed such a host of fighting men. The army was reduced to eating their own beasts of burden first and later their own cavalry mounts.

Tiribazus found a solution to resolve the campaign and save the King's army. He knew that the Cadusii were divided between two rival chiefs so he sent his son to negotiate with one while he negotiated with the other. Both Tiribazus and his son convinced the Cadusii chiefs that the other had sent envoys to the Persian King and sought an advantageous peace. Neither of the two chiefs wanting to be outmaneuvered by their rival, they submitted to Artaxerxes. With the successful negotiations concluded the army retreated, ending the campaign.

## Sources

* Rollin, Charles (1820). *The ancient history of the Egyptians, Carthagininas, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians, and Grecians*. Vol. 4. Collins and co.

## InfoBox

| Artaxerxes' Cadusian Campaign | |
| --- | --- |
|
Media Atropatene, location of the Cadusian campaign | |
| Date 385 BC  Location Media Atropatene  Result  Achaemenid victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Achaemenid Empire | Cadusii |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Artaxerxes II of Persia
Tiribazus
Datames | Unknown |
| Strength | |
| 300,000 infantry
10,000 cavalry | Unknown |


title: Sarah E. Beard

abstract: Sarah Elizabeth Beard was an American medical researcher, trained as a nurse. She retired in 1978 as a colonel in the United States Air Force.

text:
# Sarah E. Beard

**Sarah Elizabeth Beard** (November 12, 1921 – January 11, 2012) was an American medical researcher, trained as a nurse. She retired in 1978 as a colonel in the United States Air Force.

## Early life and education

Sarah Elizabeth Beard was born in Truxton, New York, and attended high school in Homer, New York. She trained as a teacher in the state teacher's college in Albany, graduating in 1942, and then as a nurse at the Brigham Hospital School of Nursing in Boston, graduating in 1947. She later earned a master's degree in nursing service administration at Syracuse University in 1961.

## Career

Beard taught high school for two years in the 1940s, before training as a nurse. Her first nursing job was as a clinical instructor and nursing supervisor at Keuka College. She enlisted in the military in 1951, and worked at a Langley Air Force Base Hospital, as a flight nurse at Brookley Air Force Base, and as a flight nurse instructor at Gunter Annex. She gained administrative training at the medical field service school at Fort Sam Houston, and was assigned to the USAF hospital at Burderop Park in England.

Beard was promoted to the rank of captain in 1959. Beginning in 1961, Beard was a research scientist working on the problems of decompression sickness at the Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, located at Brooks Air Force Base. Her paper "Comparison of Helium and Nitrogen in Production of Bends in Simulating Orbital Fights" was on the program at the Aerospace Medical Association meeting in 1966, and Major Beard was named Outstanding Nurse of the Year by the Texas Division of the Air Force Association that year. She co-authored several published scientific papers on the physiology of human bodies in orbit. Her work was consulted in planning for the Manned Orbiting Laboratory Program.

In 1969, she held the rank of lieutenant colonel, and was assigned to the Pentagon as special assistant. She was chair of the Aerospace Medical Association's Flight Nurse Section from 1968 to 1970. She was command nurse at Air Force System Command before she retired in 1978.

Her work was recognized with a United States Air Force Commendation Medal in 1968, a Joint Service Commendation Medal in 1972, and a Presidential Citation in 1982. She was named a Fellow of the Aerospace Medical Association in 1976.

## Personal life

Sarah Elizabeth Beard died in 2012, aged 90 years, in Baldwinsville, New York.

## InfoBox

| Sarah E. Beard | |
| --- | --- |
| Sarah E. Beard, from a 1969 publication | |
| Born | Sarah Elizabeth Beard
(1921-11-12)November 12, 1921
Homer, New York |
| Died | January 11, 2012(2012-01-11) (aged 90)
Baldwinsville, New York |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation(s) | Air Force nurse, medical researcher |
| Years active | US Air Force, 1951–1978 |
| Known for | Research on decompression sickness in space |


title: Briarcliff Manor Fire Department

abstract: The Briarcliff Manor Fire Department (BMFD) provides fire protection and emergency medical services to the village of Briarcliff Manor, New York and its hamlet Scarborough. The volunteer fire department also serves unincorporated areas of Ossining and Mount Pleasant. The fire department has three fire companies, two stations, and four fire engines; it also maintains other vehicles, including a heavy rescue vehicle. The Briarcliff Manor Fire Department Ambulance Corps provides emergency medical transport with two ambulances. The fire department is headquartered at the Briarcliff Manor Village Hall, with its other station in Scarborough, on Scarborough Road. The Briarcliff Steamer Company No. 1 was founded in 1902 by Frederick C. Messinger. He became the first chief of the department, founded February 10, 1903. In 1906, the Briarcliff Fire Company was established. The village's municipal building and first permanent firehouse was built in 1914 in downtown Briarcliff Manor. Seven years later, in 1921, the Scarborough Fire Company was established. From 1930 to 1971, the Archville Fire Department was dissolved into Scarborough's fire company, which expanded its fire protection to Archville. In 1936, the Briarcliff Manor Hook and Ladder Company was formed. In 1963, the Briarcliff Manor Village Hall was constructed, again housing the fire and police departments. In 1974, a replacement firehouse was built for the Scarborough Engine Company, and in 2010, Scarborough's firehouse was again replaced, doubling its size.

text:
# Briarcliff Manor Fire Department

The **Briarcliff Manor Fire Department** (**BMFD**) provides fire protection and emergency medical services to the village of Briarcliff Manor, New York and its hamlet Scarborough. The volunteer fire department also serves unincorporated areas of Ossining and Mount Pleasant. The fire department has three fire companies, two stations, and four fire engines; it also maintains other vehicles, including a heavy rescue vehicle. The Briarcliff Manor Fire Department Ambulance Corps provides emergency medical transport with two ambulances. The fire department is headquartered at the Briarcliff Manor Village Hall, with its other station in Scarborough, on Scarborough Road.

The Briarcliff Steamer Company No. 1 was founded in 1902 by Frederick C. Messinger. He became the first chief of the department, founded February 10, 1903. In 1906, the Briarcliff Fire Company was established. The village's municipal building and first permanent firehouse was built in 1914 in downtown Briarcliff Manor. Seven years later, in 1921, the Scarborough Fire Company was established. From 1930 to 1971, the Archville Fire Department was dissolved into Scarborough's fire company, which expanded its fire protection to Archville. In 1936, the Briarcliff Manor Hook and Ladder Company was formed. In 1963, the Briarcliff Manor Village Hall was constructed, again housing the fire and police departments. In 1974, a replacement firehouse was built for the Scarborough Engine Company, and in 2010, Scarborough's firehouse was again replaced, doubling its size.

## Organization

Operationally, the department is nominally organized into three fire companies, each led by a chief:

* Briarcliff Fire Company
* Briarcliff Manor Hook & Ladder Company
* Scarborough Engine Company

The fire department has two stations; its headquarters at the Briarcliff Manor Village Hall (housing the Briarcliff fire companies) and another on Scarborough Road (housing the Scarborough Engine Company). The department has approximately 150 members, including a fire chief and two assistant chiefs who are paid nominally and are not village employees. The department's fire district protects about 8,000 residents, and spans 5 square miles (13 km2) within Briarcliff Manor and unincorporated portions of the towns of Ossining and Mount Pleasant.

### Ambulance corps

The Briarcliff Manor Fire Department Ambulance Corps operates two state-certified ambulances with basic life-support capabilities. The corps answers over 500 emergencies per year and participates in the Tri-Community Fly Car Program to provide advanced life support.

## History

### 1900s to 1920s

Frederick C. Messinger (a fireman in Kingston for ten years) and thirteen local men founded the private fire company in 1901, a year before the village was incorporated. Thirty-six men became the company's charter members on March 4, 1902, and the company was renamed Briarcliff Steamer Company No. 1 the next month. The company's first equipment was a 1901 hand-drawn chemical apparatus, with a tank containing a mixture of water and sodium bicarbonate; during a fire, sulfuric acid was added to propel the solution through the hose. The first apparatus was white, which Messinger thought more visible than the conventional red in a village without street lights; the village's engines continue to be painted white. The chemical apparatus, which was only suitable for small fires, was supplemented in 1902 with a steam-operated pumper and a hose wagon, both horse-drawn. Walter Law's Briarcliff Realty Company owned the equipment and loaned them to the fire company without charge. At the time, the fire company housed its equipment and horses at the Briarcliff Farms' Barn A (present-day St. Theresa's School) and used the Wheelwright shop as a meeting room and for social events.

After the village was incorporated, the company petitioned the village board to form the company into a village fire department. Their request was granted on February 10, 1903. The village counsel advised reorganization in 1906, and the Briarcliff Fire Company was created, with Messinger again serving as Foreman; the equipment was transferred to the new company. In 1908, American LaFrance sold two horse-drawn vehicles to the department: a hook-and-ladder truck and a two-wheeled hose-and-chemical truck. In the following year an alarm bell was purchased, replacing first a suspended railway iron and sledgehammer in a barn, which was followed by an ineffective steam whistle.

The Archville Fire Company had been formed in neighboring Archville, New York, in 1909 as the Archville Fire Department. The Archville department was autonomous, until 1930, when, despite the lack of a formal agreement, the department changed its name to the Scarborough Fire Company and became part of the Briarcliff Manor Fire Department. In 1972, the company was split into two units, with an autonomous Archville unit and the Scarborough Engine Company, headquartered in the Scarborough Presbyterian Church garage and a part of the Briarcliff Manor Fire Department.

After a large fire at Miss Knox's School in 1912, the village purchased its first motorized vehicle, an American LaFrance pumper truck. The existing hose-and-chemical wagon was motorized and became the chief's car. In 1914, the Briarcliff Manor Municipal Building was constructed to house the government and fire engines, and the department established sub-stations, which were discontinued in 1921. The first major fire to involve the motorized vehicles was in 1916. The hook-and-ladder truck was motorized in 1923 and two years later, the chief's car was replaced. An electric siren was installed in 1928 after a complaint that the previous alarm sounded more like a call to breakfast than an alarm of fire. In 1928, another downtown fire caused $150,000 in damages to multiple buildings.

The village's former municipal building, 2015Fire department at the village municipal building, c. 1930

### 1930s to 1960s

During the Great Depression, uniforms were again nonstandard, similar to the early years of the fire department. Another American LaFrance hook-and-ladder truck was ordered in 1930, and another pump truck was purchased from the same company in 1935. Five years later, the pumper truck was sold was replaced with a Mack squad and patrol truck. In 1936, due to a dispute over fire chief elections, the Briarcliff Manor Hook and Ladder Company was formed, separate from the Engine Company. The department ordered a Mack squad and patrol truck in 1939. The Hook and Ladder Company waived fees and dues for those enlisted from 1941 onward. During World War II, a large enough proportion of firefighters was serving in the armed forces that the village requested volunteers ages 16–18 to join the Briarcliff Manor Fire Department; at least nine served on active duty. The department received a trailer-type pump unit in 1944; it was loaned to the village by the Office of Civil Defense and was an auxiliary to the existing equipment.

After a number of residents expressed the need for an ambulance, the department ordered its first ambulance in July 1945. The ambulance was delivered in 1947 and provided for two bed patients and two stretcher cases. Ossining later purchased the ambulance to start their own ambulance corps. The village purchased all loaned fire equipment in 1946 and purchased a new Mack pumper truck in May 1947.

BMFD members and vehicles on July 4, 1914 and May 30, 1976

To celebrate the 50th anniversary of the fire department, the village held a week-long celebration beginning on July 1, 1950. No residents died from a fire within village boundaries until Edna O'Brien in the late 1950s. In 1955, the department purchased a new pumper and a Mack hook-and-ladder truck. The weight of the pumper and ladder trucks ruptured the municipal building's floor, and they were housed in Briarcliff and Ossining garages for five years until the new firehouse and municipal offices building was completed in late 1963. Additional sirens were installed for firemen outside of the central siren's range in the 1950s. During the 1960s the old municipal building's cupola bell, which the department used as a fire bell and which had tolled at the end of the World Wars, was moved to the front of the new firehouse.

### 1970s to present

Around 1971, the Archville-based Scarborough Fire Company stopped responding to Briarcliff fire alarm calls and resisted taking required training courses. Additionally in 1971, Briarcliff's government tried to charge Archville $200 per year ($1,500 per year in 2023) for the four existing hydrants and water supply in the hamlet, to which Archville objected. Following a dispute, the Briarcliff Board of Trustees terminated the Scarborough Fire Company's membership in the Briarcliff Manor Fire Department and stopped serving Archville. In September 1972, the Briarcliff Manor Board of Trustees formed the Scarborough Engine Company, which purchased a Mack pumper in 1974. In 1974, the company moved from the church garage to a new $110,725 brick firehouse on Scarborough Road, designed by Pellaton and Chapman. The village government funded the firehouse; members purchased and constructed the furnishings.

In 1978, a new ambulance was purchased; the old ambulance was kept as an auxiliary. A year later, the village purchased a new ladder truck, delivered in 1983. One of the most notable fires in the village happened at about 10 pm on January 22, 1982, in the village central business district, when a fire caused $500,000 ($1,578,600 today) in damage. Also in 1982, the first Briarcliff Manor fire with active female volunteers was fought. The number of women in the department increased to 15 by 2002, out of a total force of 80.

In 1996, the department ordered a rescue truck from 3-D Manufacturing, and a pumper truck from Pierce Manufacturing. A year later, the department hosted the Westchester County Volunteer Firemen Association Convention, the usual parade with 43 departments, a golf outing, and the annual meeting and dinner of the Association. During the September 11 attacks in 2001, the department sent some of its engines to the Bronx to cover for units that had left for the World Trade Center. Ten volunteers joined the fire department in the six months after the attacks; the department usually had five new members per year prior to the attacks. On September 20, 2003, the original wing of the Briarcliff Lodge caught fire after its owner tried to redevelop the lodge amid opposition from local historians and architects. The fire was deemed suspicious by fire officials, though Westchester County's Cause & Origin Team found no evidence of arson. Contemporary portions of the lodge and other campus buildings were later demolished.

On October 1, 2010, the department dedicated the Scarborough firehouse, which was rebuilt in one year at a cost of $1.3 million. The new building reused the old foundation and was expanded from 1,650 square feet (153 m2) to 3,603 square feet (334.7 m2). Upgrades included a second bay, a meeting room, 14-foot-high garage ceilings, and expanded parking.

In 2015, the department traded in its 1999 ambulance for a monetary deduction to a company in Holbrook, New York, while purchasing a new ambulance. In 2016, the department retired its 1991 pumper and purchased a Seagrave Marauder II. The new pumper was acquired through a Federal Emergency Management Agency grant, while the old pumper was donated to the New York Guard.

In 2018, the department's chief Michael Garcia, who had resigned the previous year, was convicted of embezzlement of $120,000 of department funds; the village had lost $800,000 as a result of the embezzlement. A finance committee was created to oversee future department finances. Until 2021, the fire department was required to source 55 percent of its volunteers from within municipal boundaries. Due to the village's small size and its stations' proximity to other municipalities, and amid difficulty recruiting volunteers for the department, a state law was passed exempting the fire department from the membership requirement.

## Current apparatus

The central siren is located at the Briarcliff Manor Village Hall. Since the 1950s, additional sirens have been located on Schrade Road and at the intersection of Long Hill and Scarborough roads.

The Briarcliff Manor Fire Department has several vehicles:

| Ident. Number | Type | Make/Model | Location | SCBA | Picture | Company |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 92 | Class-A
pumper | 2019 Pierce Enforcer
1500/500 Pumper/Rescue | Scarborough
Fire Station | 7 | Upload image | Scarborough Engine
Company |
| 93 | Class-A
pumper | 2016 Seagrave model TB7OCS
Marauder II 2000/1000 "The Beast" | Briarcliff Manor
Village Hall | *TBA* |  | Briarcliff Fire Company |
| 94 | Class-A
pumper | 2008 Seagrave Marauder II
2000/500 "The Bus" | Briarcliff Manor
Village Hall | 9 |  | Briarcliff Fire Company |
| Tower Ladder 40 | Tower ladder | 2005 KME Predator/Aerialcat
(95FT MM) | Briarcliff Manor
Village Hall | 8 |  | Briarcliff Manor Hook &
Ladder Company |

| Ident. Number | Type | Make/Model | Location | SCBA | Picture |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Rescue 37 | Heavy rescue
vehicle | 2022 Spartan Metro Star "The Box" | Briarcliff Manor
Village Hall |  | Upload image |
| 53-B-1 | Ambulance | 2007 Ford E-450/PL Custom | Briarcliff Manor
Village Hall | N/A |  |
| 53-B-2 | Ambulance | 2015 Chevrolet/Horton | Briarcliff Manor
Village Hall | N/A |  |
| Patrol 16 | Department antique | 1940 Mack Type 50 250/250 | Scarborough
Fire Station | N/A |  |

## Notable people

* Novelist John Cheever lived in Scarborough, and served in the fire department.
* Children's author C. B. Colby lived on Pine Road and served as chief of the hook and ladder company, as the village's fire commissioner, and as village trustee.
* Ely Jacques Kahn, Jr., a writer for *The New Yorker*, lived in Scarborough for more than 20 years, and was a member of the department.
* Architect Don Reiman was also a member of the department.

## Further reading

* *A Century of Volunteer Service: Briarcliff Manor Fire Department 1901–2001*. Briarcliff Manor Fire Department. 2001. LCCN 00093475. OCLC 48049424. For further information on the history of the Briarcliff Manor Fire Department.

1. Stefko, Joseph (April 2012). "Municipal Services & Financial Overview: Town and Village of Ossining, NY" (PDF). Center for Governmental Research. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 19, 2014. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
2. Bosak, Midge, ed. (1977). *A Village Between Two Rivers: Briarcliff Manor*. White Plains, New York: Monarch Publishing, Inc. OCLC 6163930.
3. Nackman, Barbara Livingston (November 26, 2009). "Scarborough Firehouse Undergoes Upgrade". *The Journal News*  via Briarcliff Manor-Scarborough Historical Society.
4. "Comprehensive Plan - Village of Briarcliff Manor" (PDF). Village of Briarcliff Manor. November 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 1, 2014. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
5. "Emergency Medical Services". Village of Briarcliff Manor. Archived from the original on February 3, 2015. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
6. *Briarcliff Manor Fire Department Ambulance Corps : Volunteering For 60 Years*. Briarcliff Manor Fire Department Ambulance Corps.
7. *Our Village: Briarcliff Manor, N.Y. 1902 to 1952*. Historical Committee of the Semi–Centennial. 1952. LCCN 83238400. OCLC 24569093.
8. *A Century of Volunteer Service: Briarcliff Manor Fire Department 1901–2001*. Briarcliff Manor Fire Department. 2001. LCCN 00093475. OCLC 48049424.
9. "BFD Moving To Split From Scarborough". *The Citizen Register*. Ossining, New York. March 15, 1971  via Briarcliff Manor-Scarborough Historical Society.
10. *A Short History of Scarborough Engine Company 1972-1992*. Scarborough Engine Company. 1992.
11. "Firebug Disables Fire Boxes, Then Fires Fur Shop" (PDF). *CITIZEN SENTINEL*. May 16, 1927. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
12. "$150,000 Fire in Briarcliff Village". *The New York Times*. April 5, 1928. p. 17. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
13. "$100,000 Briarcliff Fire Burns Fire Chief's Home". *The Binghamton Press*. April 5, 1928. p. 7.
14. 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). *How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda* (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). *How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States* (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
15. Craig, Jon (January 24, 1982). "Briarcliff Fire Damage Estimated at Half Million". *The Citizen Register*. Ossining, New York  via Briarcliff Manor-Scarborough Historical Society.
16. Kilgannon, Corey (March 17, 2002). "The New Firefighters". *The New York Times*. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 4, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
17. Archer, Rick (April 5, 2004). "Michael Molinelli: he puts up buildings and fights to keep them up". *Westchester County Business Journal*. p. 31. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
18. Atkins, Kimberly (September 21, 2003). "Briarcliff Lodge in Ashes". *The Journal News*  via Briarcliff Manor-Scarborough Historical Society.
19. No title. *The Gazette*. Gary J. Cahill. September 25 – October 1, 2003. p. 1.`{{cite news}}`: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (link)
20. Yasinsac, Robert (2004). *Images of America: Briarcliff Lodge*. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-3620-0. LCCN 2004104493. OCLC 57480785. OL 3314243M.
21. Nackman, Barbara (September 30, 2010). "Scarborough firehouse to be dedicated tomorrow". *the Journal News*. Archived from the original on November 12, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
22. "Agenda, March 4, 2015, Board of Trustees" (PDF). Village of Briarcliff Manor. March 4, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 24, 2016. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
23. "Recent Deliveries". Seagrave Fire Apparatus. 2016. Archived from the original on November 24, 2016. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
24. "Agenda, February 3, 2016, Board of Trustees" (PDF). Village of Briarcliff Manor. February 3, 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 24, 2016. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
25. Wilson, David McKay (December 21, 2018). "Ex-Briarcliff Manor fire chief sentenced in $120,000 embezzlement". *lohud.com*. Retrieved February 24, 2024.
26. "Former Briarcliff Fire Chief Sentenced to a Year in Prison in Theft Case". *River Journal Online*. December 22, 2018. Archived from the original on February 24, 2024. Retrieved February 24, 2024.
27. "Former Briarcliff fire chief pleads guilty to embezzling more than $120,000 from the fire department". *The Journal News*. July 2, 2018. Archived from the original on November 14, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
28. "Bill to Exempt the Briarcliff Manor Fire Department from State Residency Requirement Now Law". *River Journal Online*. December 9, 2023.
29. "Apparatus". *Briarcliff Manor Fire Department*. Archived from the original on August 24, 2023. Retrieved August 24, 2023.
30. "Briarcliff Manor Fire Department - Scarborough Eng - Pumper". *Pierce*. Pierce Manufacturing. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
31. "Briarcliff Manor Fire Department". *Rescue 1*. February 3, 2023. Archived from the original on August 24, 2023. Retrieved August 24, 2023.
32. Berger, Joseph (April 30, 1999). "How Cheever Really Felt About Living in Suburbia". *The New York Times*. Archived from the original on November 24, 2013. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
33. Grinager, Virginia M. (November 17, 1961). "Colby Describes Department". *The Citizen Register*. Ossining, New York  via Briarcliff Manor-Scarborough Historical Society.
34. Cheever, Mary (1990). *The Changing Landscape: A History of Briarcliff Manor-Scarborough*. West Kennebunk, Maine: Phoenix Publishing. ISBN 0-914659-49-9. LCCN 90045613. OCLC 22274920. OL 1884671M.
35. Elbroch, Mark (2005). *A Field Guide to Animal Tracks* (3rd ed.). Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. XIV. ISBN 978-0-618-51743-5. OCLC 423546039.

## InfoBox

Briarcliff Manor Fire Department
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Operational area | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New York |
| Village | Briarcliff Manor |
| Address | 1111 Pleasantville Road
Briarcliff Manor, New York |
| Agency overview | |
| Established | 1901 |
| Facilities and equipment | |
| Stations | 2 |
| Engines | 3 |
| Trucks | 1 |
| Rescues | 1 |
| Ambulances | 2 |
| Website | |
| www.bmfd.org | |


title: Sarah E. Anderson

abstract: Sarah Elizabeth Nelson Anderson was one of the women to sit on the 2nd Utah State Legislature. Just one year prior to her election, in 1895, she was described by The Ogden Daily Standard as "one of the most prominent and popular women in Ogden City and Weber County." The article also mentions her strength, both mental and physical. She challenged Charles Tyree, Odgen City's registrar, who refused to register her as a voter because of the Edmunds-Tucker Act. Her argument was taken to the territorial Supreme Court, where she ultimately lost. This did not change her desire to have a voice in government. In 1896 she joined the Utah State Legislature as one of three women to be elected there. During her service she was Chairperson of the House Committee on Public Health. She authored bills, none of which became law.

text:
# Sarah E. Anderson

**Sarah Elizabeth Nelson Anderson** (January 30, 1853 – December 22, 1900) was one of the women to sit on the 2nd Utah State Legislature. Just one year prior to her election, in 1895, she was described by *The Ogden Daily Standard* as "one of the most prominent and popular women in Ogden City and Weber County." The article also mentions her strength, both mental and physical. She challenged Charles Tyree, Odgen City's registrar, who refused to register her as a voter because of the Edmunds-Tucker Act. Her argument was taken to the territorial Supreme Court, where she ultimately lost. This did not change her desire to have a voice in government. In 1896 she joined the Utah State Legislature as one of three women to be elected there. During her service she was Chairperson of the House Committee on Public Health. She authored bills, none of which became law.

## Early life and family

Anderson was born on January 30, 1853, in Weber County, Utah, to parents David Nelson and Sarah Brown. At her death two brothers named C.A. Nelson and Wm. L. Wilson were listed as well as half brother J.H. Nelson and half sister Mrs. H.L. Griffin.

At the age of 17, she was married to Dr. Porter L. Anderson and bore five children with him until his death January 9, 1888. Widowed after 18 years of marriage, she was left to raise the five children. Their names are as follows; Lee Anderson, Mrs. Alta Anderson Costello, Dewey Anderson, Miss Maud and Florence. In an article that appear in the *Salt Lake Tribune* it was reported that her home life with her children occupied most of her time.

## Political career

### Women enfranchisement

A year prior to her husband's death, Congress passed the Edmunds–Tucker Act, which amongst many restrictions also disenfranchised women. In 1894, Congress passed the Enabling Act, allowing Utah to submit an application for statehood, ratify a constitution, and elect state officials. In Section 4 of the Enabling Act it was not clarified that women denied the right vote to ratify the state constitution, it used the phrase "qualified voters of said proposed state." Previous in Section 2 it was clearer in mentioning the same eligibility should be used for the ratification vote as was voting for delegates, with being male was listed as a qualification. Further complicating things Section 19 stated that state government official could be elected at the time of the ratification vote and did not mention any qualifications to vote. What qualifications were required came into question and women began asking to be registered to vote. The Utah Commission which was a federal appointed group was tasked with making lists of registered voters. Not wanting to interpret the law and face criticism they suggested listing all females on a separate list so they could be easily dismissed if needed. However the Utah Commission did not ultimately make this decision because on August 6, 1895, Anderson used this basis to go to local Deputy registrar Charles Tyree to register as a voter. Tyree refused her petition. She successfully challenged this refusal to register her as a voter by arguing her case in a District Court.

Judge H.W. Smith ruled in her favor, allowing women to vote for ratification and state officials. Several well respected lawyers helped her in success they included; Franklin S. Richards, Samuel R. Thurman, and H.P. Henderson. Tyree, with the help of prominent attorney Arthur Brown, appealed it to the territorial Supreme Court, where Anderson ultimately lost. Two out of the three judges agreed the Enabling Act did not afford women the right vote to ratify the new state constitution or for state officials and Anderson had lost her case. Justice William H. King gave the dissenting opinion. Many women withdrew from politics as a result of the Supreme Court ruling, however Anderson continued. Utah's new constitution did contain perimeters allowing women to be enfranchised.

### Legislator

Anderson would become one of the first women elected to Utah legislature during the 1896 elections. In office, she served as the chairperson of the House Committee on Public Health, although few of her bills passed. She authored two bills, HB 39 and HB 26. HB 39 was concerning police officers and fire commissioners. More specific details are not known about HB 39. This bill died because of a bad report in committee. HB 26 had the objective of teaching the results of drug and narcotic use in schools. This bill was also terminated but a substitute bill with the same provisions was put into place in state statutes.

### Political preferences

Anderson was committed to her belief in gender equality. A legislative colleague, S. A. Kenner, noted that she was decisive and her political leanings were firm, being thoughtfully and carefully formed. At this time period during Anderson's political career a concern about women being in engaged in politics was that they would lose what was known as feminine charm. Also speaking of Anderson and supposedly to abate those fears he said, "Yet she did not lose her sweet, womanly repose." An article in the *Salt Lake Tribune* written in 1897 describes her to be well read and astutely up to date on current events and concerns.

## Later life

Anderson died on December 22, 1900, following a three-week illness. She was expected to make a full recovery and then suddenly became more weak and died soon after with her children surrounding her. Daughters Maud and Florence were between the ages of 16 and 18 when Sarah died. The *Ogden Standard* reported her death and stated "Mrs. Sarah Elizabeth Anderson was one of the most prominent and popular women in Ogden City and Weber County. Her life had been the making of one grand testimonial as to the goodness and worth of herself as a woman, a wife and a mother; she was one of the noblest and truest friends."

## InfoBox

| Sarah E. Anderson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Utah House of Representatives
from the 4th district | |
| **In office**
January 11, 1897  January 8, 1899 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1853-01-30)January 30, 1853
Weber County, Utah |
| Died | December 22, 1900(1900-12-22) (aged 47) |
|  | |


title: SZD-41 Jantar Standard

abstract: The SZD-41 Jantar Standard was a Standard Class glider designed and produced in Poland from 1973.

text:
# SZD-41 Jantar Standard

The **SZD-41 Jantar Standard** was a Standard Class glider designed and produced in Poland from 1973.

## Development

Development of the SZD-41 Jantar Standard was relatively quick due to using the fuselage and tail unit of the SZD-38 Jantar 1 and fitting 15 m span wings complying with the Standard class specification. The prototype SZD-41, limited to 235 km/h, no winch launching or aerobatics, first flew in October 1973 piloted by Adam Zientek. The two prototypes, SZD-41-1 SP-2685 (construction number X-110) and SZD-41-2 SP-2686 (c/n X-111), were entered in the 1974 World Gliding Championships at Waikerie in Australia, taking 3rd and 7th places in the Standard class. In 1976, at Räyskälä in Finland, SZD-41As took 4th, 6th and 18th places in the World Gliding Championships Standard Class. Competition results and measured flight tests revealed that the SZD-41A was more or less the equal of direct competitors, such as the Schempp-Hirth Standard Cirrus and Schleicher ASW 19. Unfortunately, the production methods left the epoxy laminates prone to shrinkage which drastically affected performance due to the sensitive aerodynamics of the aerofoil sections used.

The SZD-41A Jantar Standard was built primarily of fibreglass–epoxy resin composite with local strengthening from welded steel tube in the fuselage centre-section, foam ribs in the wings and plywood at equipment mounting points. The skin was composed of fibreglass laminates laid up in moulds to attain accurate profiles. The monowheel manually retractable landing gear hung from the steel tube centre section structure which also mounted the towing hook and wing attachments. Large plate style airbrakes aft of the mainspar extend from the top and bottom surfaces, with the gaps sealed by spring-loaded covers when closed, also operating the disk brake on the monowheel at full extension. The cantilever fibreglass–epoxy tailplane is attached to the top of the fin, trimming of the elevator was achieved by spring loading the control stick and adjusting the neutral loading position. 80 litres (later 100) of water ballast could be carried in plastic tanks in the wings and jettisoned as required. The semi-reclining seat is in a comfortable cockpit enclosed by a two-part canopy, the front part fixed and the rear hinged to open rearwards for entry/exit. After modifications to remove restrictions on the prototypes and improvements required after flight testing, production of the SZD-41A and SZD-41B Jantar Standard commenced, continuing until 1978 when 159 had been built, many of which were exported worldwide. In common with many SZD products, the aircraft was delivered with a full range of basic instruments from Polish suppliers, which led to the famous punch-line: "There I was, 50ft, inverted, nothing on the clock but the makers' name, and that was in (expletive redacted) Polish" used in gliding club bars throughout the world to humourise recovery from perilous situations.

## Variants

* **SZD-41-1** / **SZD-41-2** – The two prototypes of the Jantar Standard, produced with handling limitations to ensure that the aircraft were available for the 1974 World Gliding Championships at Waikere in Australia.
* **SZD-41A Jantar Standard** – The initial production version with limitations removed and other detail improvements.
* **SZD-41B Jantar Standard** – The final production variant with various detail improvements.

## Specifications (SZD-41A Jantar Standard)

*Data from* http://www.piotrp.de/SZYBOWCE/pszd41.htm

**General characteristics**

* **Crew:** 1
* **Length:** 7.11 m (23 ft 4 in)
* **Wingspan:** 15 m (49 ft 2.5 in)
* **Height:** 1.51 m (4 ft 11 in)
* **Wing area:** 10.66 m2 (114.75 sq ft)
* **Aspect ratio:** 21.1
* **Airfoil:** NN 8
* **Empty weight:** 244 kg (538 lb)
* **Gross weight:** 360 kg (794 lb) with ballast 460 kg (1,014 lb)

**Performance**

* **Maximum speed:** 250 km/h (155 mph, 135 kn)
* **Stall speed:** 80 km/h (50 mph, 43 kn) with ballast; 68 km/h (42.25 mph) without ballast
* **g limits:**
without ballast 5.3 / -2.65 with ballast 4.14 / -2.5 ultimate 7.95 / -3.98
* **Maximum glide ratio:** 38 @ 92 km/h (57 mph) no ballast, 38 @ 105.2 km/h (65 mph) with ballast
* **Rate of sink:** 0.69 m/s (136 ft/min) with ballast; 0.6 m/s (118 ft/min) without ballast

**Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era**

### Citations

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| SZD-Jantar (Standard Class) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Role | Glider |
| National origin | Poland |
| Manufacturer | SZD |
| Designer | W. Okarmus |
| First flight | 3 October 1973 |
| Number built | 159 |
| Developed from | SZD-38 Jantar 1 |
| Variants | SZD-48 Jantar Standard 2/3 |


title: Sarah Pucill

abstract: Sarah Pucill is a London-based film artist. Her work is distributed by LUX, London and LightCone, Paris. She is a Reader at University of Westminster. Central to her work is "a concern with mortality and the materiality of the filmmaking process". Much of her work appears within the restrictions of domestic spaces. In her "explorations of the animate and inanimate, her work probes a journey between mirror and surface".

text:
# Sarah Pucill

**Sarah Pucill** is a London-based film artist. Her work is distributed by LUX, London and LightCone, Paris. She is a Reader at University of Westminster. Central to her work is "a concern with mortality and the materiality of the filmmaking process". Much of her work appears within the restrictions of domestic spaces. In her "explorations of the animate and inanimate, her work probes a journey between mirror and surface".

## Career

Pucill studied in London at the Slade School of Fine Art. *You Be Mother* (1990), was Pucill's first film. It won awards for Best Innovation, Atlanta, 1995; and Best Experimental Film, Oberhausen, 1991. In 2011, it was exhibited in "Moving Portraits" at the De La Warr Pavilion, Bexhill, Sussex, and in 2004 at *A Century of Artists' Film in Britain* at Tate Britain.

The 1990s saw the emergence of Pucill's particular artistic vision in experimental film, and her work has appeared internationally in both galleries and cinemas. Retrospective screenings including "A History of Artists Film and Video" (2007) have been held at BFI Southbank in 2011, to commemorate 50 years since Maya Deren's death. Pucill's work was included in "Assembly: A survey of recent artists" film and video in Britain 2008–2013' at Tate Britain, 2014.

Her 2010 film, *Phantom Rhapsody* was shown at the Edinburgh International Film Festival, and at the L'École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts Paris, and at the Tate Britain, Millennium Film, Anthology Film Archives, New York, Pleasure Dome, Toronto. The film examines the phantom's appearance and disappearance in relation to the "present/absent dynamic of visible lesbian sexuality" in both the history of cinema and art history.

In 2013, her film *Magic Mirror* was funded by Arts Council England and published as a DVD by LUX. *Magic Mirror* examines the word and image connections in Claude Cahun's writing from her book Aveux non avenus (Disavowals) through a re-staging of her photographs. *Magic Mirror*, which is "part essay, part film poem", seeks to explore the links between Cahun's photographs and her writings. The film premiered at Tate Modern in April 2013, and was shown at the Institute of Contemporary Arts.

"Magic Mirror" was staged as an exhibition at the Nunnery Gallery, London, in the exhibition "Magic Mirror" (17 April – 14 June 2015), curated by Karen Leroy-Harris which showed photographs by Claude Cahun, with the film and photographs by Sarah Pucill.

In 2016, Pucill completed her second 16mm film that re-stages photographs by Claude Cahun; "Confessions to the Mirror" (2016), which was funded by Arts Council England. The film premiered at London Film Festival, 2016 and was produced as a blu-ray by LUX, London.

"Confessions to the Mirror" (2016) was exhibited in the exhibition, "Under the Skin" that showed photographs by Claude Cahun at Cobra Museum of Modern Art, Amstelveen, Holland at (October 2020 – May 2021). The exhibition toured with "Confessions to the Mirror" to Kunsthal Museum Gallery, Rotterdam, 2022.

In 2019, Pucill exhibited the film installation "Garden Self Portraits" (2019) which includes clips from "Confessions to the Mirror" at Ottawa Art Gallery, Ottawa in the exhibition "Facing Claude Cahun and Marcel Moore", (Sep14th2019-Feb9th2020), curated by Michelle Gewurtz.

Pucill's film "Eye Cut" (16mm col, 20min, 2021) premiered at the London Film Festival in 2021. It won best experimental film at Toronto Women Film Festival 2021 and Best Experimental Film award at London New Wave Cinema.

She appears in a documentary "Gelebte Träume – Künstlerinnen des Surrealismus" by Maria Anna Tappeiner for ARTE TV, Germany, that shows clips from her Cahun films(2013,2016). Her films have been screened at numerous international film festivals, including: the BFI London Film Festival, the International Short Film Festival Oberhausen, the Ann Arbor Film Festival, European Media Art Festival, Berlinale and the Montréal Festival of New Cinema. Television broadcasts of her films include: BSB TV Australia (*Mirrored Measure*, 1996), Carlton Television (*Backcomb*, 1995), and Granada TV (*You Be Mother*, 1980).

She has been teaching at the University of Westminster since 2000 where she is currently a Reader and where she received a PhD in 2014.

## Filmography

Pucill's films include:

* *You Be Mother* (1990)
* *Milk and Glass* (1993)
* *Backcomb* (199)
* *Mirrored Measure* (1996)
* *Swollen Stigma* (1998)
* *Cast* (2000)
* *Stages Of Mourning* (2004)
* *Taking My Skin* (2006)
* *Blind Light* (2007)
* *Fall In Frame* (2009)
* *Phantom Rhapsody* (2010)
* *Magic Mirror* (2013)
* "*Confessions To The Mirror*" (2016)
* "*Eye Cut*" (2021)


title: British Neuroscience Association

abstract: The British Neuroscience Association (BNA) is a scientific society with around 2,500 members. Starting out as an informal gathering of scientists meeting at the Black Horse Public House in London to discuss brain-related topics, on 23 February 1968 it was formerly established as the Brain Research Association, and subsequently relaunched as the British Neuroscience Association in 1997. The BNA is the largest UK organisation of its kind, supporting and promoting neuroscience and neuroscientists.

text:
# British Neuroscience Association

The **British Neuroscience Association** (**BNA**) is a scientific society with around 2,500 members. Starting out as an informal gathering of scientists meeting at the Black Horse Public House in London to discuss brain-related topics (the 'London Black Horse Group'), on 23 February 1968 it was formerly established as the Brain Research Association, and subsequently relaunched as the British Neuroscience Association in 1997.

The BNA is the largest UK organisation of its kind, supporting and promoting neuroscience and neuroscientists.

## Charitable objects

It is a registered charity (number 1103852), with charitable objects as follows:

*‘To preserve and protect health and advance public education in neurosciences related to health and disease (in particular but not exclusively) by:’*

1. *Promoting on a multidisciplinary basis the study of the development structure and function of the nervous system in health and disease.*
2. *Promoting the dissemination of information to all those interested in the neurosciences and related disciplines by means of lectures, discussions, meetings and reports from time to time obtained from such researchers.*
3. *Advising as far as possible on issues in neurosciences related to health and disease.*
4. *Endeavouring to increase public awareness and understanding of neuroscience research in health and disease.*
5. *Assisting in the training of neuroscientists and other professionals engaged in neuroscience teaching and research.*
6. *Representing the interests of neuroscience researchers and promoting the case for the advancement of neuroscience research in the United Kingdom to government, to agencies providing research funding and to bodies engaged in science administration, regulation and standards.*

The BNA is a member of the International Brain Research Organization (IBRO), the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS), and the Royal Society of Biology (RSB).

## Publications

*Brain and Neuroscience Advances*
| Discipline | Neuroscience |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Jeffrey W. Dalley, Kate Baker |
| Publication details | |
| History | 2017-present |
| Publisher | SAGE Publishing in association with British Neuroscience Association |
| Open access | Yes |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Brain Neurosci. Adv.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 2398-2128 (print)
2398-2128 (web)
 |
| Links | |
|  | |

The BNA publishes a peer-reviewed scientific journal, *Brain and Neuroscience Advances* with Jeffrey W. Dalley (Cambridge University) and Kate Baker as co-editors-in-chief. It also publishes the *BNA Bulletin* membership magazine.

## Events

The headline event of the BNA is the biennial 'Festival of Neuroscience'. The festivals are unique in bringing together multiple people and organisations with a shared interested in neuroscience - societies, charities, companies, scientists, clinicians and members of the public too.

## InfoBox

British Neuroscience Association
| Abbreviation | BNA |
| --- | --- |
| Formation | February 23, 1968 (1968-02-23) |
| Type | Nonprofit |
| Registration no. | 04307833 |
| Legal status | Charity |
| Purpose | Neuroscience |
| Headquarters | The Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY. |
| Membership | 2,500 |
| Website | https://www.bna.org.uk |


title: Caelostomus planulus

abstract: Caelostomus planulus is a species in the ground beetle family Carabidae. It is found in DR Congo and Kenya.

text:
# Caelostomus planulus

***Caelostomus planulus*** is a species in the ground beetle family Carabidae. It is found in DR Congo and Kenya.

## InfoBox

| *Caelostomus planulus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Subfamily: | Pterostichinae |
| Genus: | *Caelostomus* |
| Species: | ***C. planulus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Caelostomus planulus***<br>Straneo, 1942 | |
|


title: Saron Baptist Chapel

abstract: Saron is a Baptist chapel in the village of Saron in the community of Llandybie, Ammanford, Carmarthenshire. Services at Saron are conducted in the Welsh language.

text:
# Saron Baptist Chapel

**Saron** is a Baptist chapel in the village of Saron in the community of Llandybie, Ammanford, Carmarthenshire. Services at Saron are conducted in the Welsh language.

## Early history

Saron was founded in 1810 by Baptists who originally worshipped in a dwelling house in Capel Hendre. They later met in a dwelling house located where the Old Chapel, built in 1814, still stands today. Part of the dwelling house was incorporated into the chapel. The first minister was William Michael from Drefach, Llandysul, and he held a day school in the chapel. Michael died in 1824 and the chapel was without a minister until Benjamin Thomas was inducted in 1832. Thomas came from Cilgerran in Pembrokeshire and was minister of Saron as well as Penrhiwgoch and Sardis, Llanedi until his death in 1858.

## The ministry of T.F. Williams

In 1861, the Reverend T.F. Williams commenced his long ministry at Saron. During his pastorate the chapel was extended and refurbished. Williams took on the pastorate of Ebenezer, Cross Inn, as well as Saron, in 1867. During these decades the population of Cross Inn, renamed Ammanford in the 1880s, grew rapidly as it became a major centre of the anthracite coal trade. As a result, Williams became minister of Ebenezer alone, now a rapidly expanding church, in 1891 and remained until his retirement in 1907.

## Twentieth century

David Stephen Davies was inducted as minister of Saron in 1892 and remained until 1923. During this period Bethesda, Tycroes, was formed as a branch of Saron. The Old Chapel was now too small and a new chapel was opened in 1913. It took ten years to clear a debt of £10,000.

## Later history

Richard Lloyd came to Saron from Caersalem, Dowlais in 1927 and was minister for thirty years until his retirement in 1957. He was succeeded by W. Gwyn Thomas from 1958 until 1965.

E. Lyn Rees became minister at Saron in 1966 and served for over fifty years, until his death in September 2024.

## Sources

* *Llawlyfr Undeb Bedyddwyr Cymru, Rhydaman a'r Cylch* (in Welsh). 1981.

## InfoBox

| Saron, Llandybie | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 51°47′33″N 4°01′52″W / 51.7925°N 4.0312°W / 51.7925; -4.0312 | |
| Location | Saron Village, Llandybie, Carmarthenshire |
| Country | Wales |
| Denomination | Baptist |
| History | |
| Founded | 1810 |
| Architecture | |
| Architectural type | Chapel |
| Style | Early 19th century |
| Completed | 1913 |


title: Cabot Trail

abstract:
The Cabot Trail is a scenic highway on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia, Canada. It is a 298 km (185 mi) loop around the northern tip of the island, passing along and through the Cape Breton Highlands and the Cape Breton Highlands National Park. It is named after the explorer John Cabot who landed in Atlantic Canada in 1497, although modern historians agree his landfall likely took place in Newfoundland and not Cape Breton Island. Premier Angus L. MacDonald wanted to re-brand Nova Scotia for tourism purposes as primarily Scottish and, as part of this effort, created both the names Cape Breton Highlands and Cabot Trail. Construction of the initial route was completed in 1932. The western and eastern sections follow the rugged coastline, with views of the ocean. The southwestern section passes through the Margaree River valley before passing along Bras d'Or Lake. The route is within the county municipalities of Victoria and Inverness. The Cabot Trail includes all of Trunk 30, as well as the portion of Nova Scotia Highway 105 between exits 7 and 11. Following are some stops along the route, travelling clockwise from the south:
  - Baddeck, the location of the Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site.
  - Chéticamp, an Acadian fishing village.
  - Pleasant Bay, site of a bay with whale watching possibilities.
  - Cape North, a headland at the northernmost point of the Cabot Trail.
  - Dingwall, a small fishing village.
  - Ingonish, site of the Keltic Lodge resort and Cape Smokey Provincial Park.
  - St. Anns, home of the Gaelic College of Celtic Arts and Crafts.

text:
# Cabot Trail

The **Cabot Trail** is a scenic highway on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia, Canada. It is a 298 km (185 mi) loop around the northern tip of the island, passing along and through the Cape Breton Highlands and the Cape Breton Highlands National Park.

It is named after the explorer John Cabot who landed in Atlantic Canada in 1497, although modern historians agree his landfall likely took place in Newfoundland and not Cape Breton Island. Premier Angus L. MacDonald wanted to re-brand Nova Scotia for tourism purposes as primarily Scottish and, as part of this effort, created both the names Cape Breton Highlands and Cabot Trail. Construction of the initial route was completed in 1932.

The western and eastern sections follow the rugged coastline, with views of the ocean. The southwestern section passes through the Margaree River valley before passing along Bras d'Or Lake. The route is within the county municipalities of Victoria and Inverness.

The Cabot Trail includes all of Trunk 30, as well as the portion of Nova Scotia Highway 105 between exits 7 and 11. Following are some stops along the route, travelling clockwise from the south:

46°29′13″N 60°44′46″W / 46.48694°N 60.74611°W / 46.48694; -60.74611 (Cabot Trail)

## InfoBox

| Cabot Trail | |
| --- | --- |
| Trunk 30 | |
| Route information | |
| Length | 298 km (185 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| East end | Hwy 105 (TCH) at Buckwheat Corner |
| Major intersections | Route 312 in River Bennet
Route 219 in Margaree Harbour
Trunk 19 in Margaree Forks |
| West end | Hwy 105 (TCH) at South Haven |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Nova Scotia |
| Counties | Victoria County, Inverness County |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| Trunk 28   Trunk 32 | |