# Segmental duplication on the human Y chromosome

Segmental duplication are blocks of DNA ranging from 1 to 400 kb in length which recur at multiple sites within the genome, sharing greater than 90% similarity. Multiple studies have found a correlation between the location of segmental duplications and regions of chromosomal instability. This correlation suggests that they may be mediators of some genomic disorders. Segmental duplications are shown to be flanked on both sides by large homologous repeats, which exposes the region to recurrent rearrangement by nonallelic homologous recombination, leading to either deletion, duplication, or inversion of the original sequence.

## Background

### Finding segmental duplications

Cataloging of segmental duplications was originally difficult due to its inconspicuousness, large size, and high degree of sequence similarity. This led to issues of interpreting separate loci as one sequence as these duplications are over-represented in unordered and unassigned contigs. Furthermore, these duplications are more prevalent within the pericentromeric and subtelomeric regions. BACs containing intrachromosomal duplications can be made and their duplication pattern can be characterized using FISH. Comparison can be made between chromosomes that were positive by FISH and the chromosomal position using BLAST. Scientist have attempted to map the location of these segmental duplications, but they run into issues of accurate sequencing within these duplication regions. Because of this, scientists share the sentiment that accurate human genome assembly is difficult due to these segmental duplications.

### Genomic instability

Regions of the genome which are flanked by repeats represent potential hotspots of genomic instability that are prone to copy-number variation. It has been shown that the larger and more homologous duplicated sequences lead to more sporadic segmental aneusomy events. The human genome contains around 130 regions, totaling 274Mb and ten percent of the total genome, that are flanked by these intrachromosomal duplications. Scientists have currently identified twenty-five of these regions to be directly associated with some form of genetic disorder. Further research identified fifty-one regions displaying genomic instability in the form of copy-number polymorphisms. It was also observed that these CNPs are prevalent across different ethnic groups as well. This allows for two important claims to be made. Firstly, it is possible that the structural rearrangements are evolutionarily ancient and occurred prior to separation of ethnic groups. Secondly, it may also be possible that they have independently occurred within each ethnic group. Research has also found an increase of segmental duplications within regions of the CNPs showing that the duplications are responsible for the variation in copy number. Hypotheses have been made suggesting that many CNPs are only prevalent within the human genome because of the absence or presence of the evolutionarily recent segmental duplication events that have not quite become fixed within the human population. This shows that segmental duplications are responsible for defining locations of chromosomal rearrangement within the human genome. Segmental duplications are also often themselves variant in copy number.

## Primate segmental duplications

Most human segmental duplications are less than 300 kb in length, whereas research has begun to show that other primates, such as the chimpanzee, contain more duplications. There is a difference in copy number and content for about a third of the duplications with at least 94% shared identity. However, when the levels of segmental duplication in primates are compared with other mammals, we see that primates on average contain more than the rest of the mammalian world.

Segmental duplications have been hypothesized to be evolutionarily significant. From this, it has been observed that new-lineage segmental duplications map near shared ancestral duplications when comparing the human and chimpanzee. This phenomenon is known as duplication shadowing and it suggests that unique regions flanking duplications are about ten times as likely to become duplicated as other randomly duplicated regions. One distinguishing factor of primate genomes from other mammalian genomes is the abundance of interchromosomal and interspersed interchromosomal duplications. 48% of human duplications can be termed as interchromosomal, versus 13% in mice.

Segmental duplications found in primate genomes fall under one of three classifications. These are the pericentromeric, subtelomeric, and interstitial regions. Segmental duplications in pericentromeric regions are unique in that around 30% of their sequence can be traced to duplications occurring from other chromosomes. The number of segmental duplications in pericentromeric regions is highly variable, having as few as zero. Twenty-nine of the forty-three pericentromeric regions have some form of segmental duplication totaling 47.6Mb, which is almost a third of all segmental duplications found in the human genome. Segmental duplication in subtelomeric regions are similar to those pericentromeric in that they are enriched in interchromosomal segmental duplications. Thirty of the forty-two subtelomeric regions contain segmental duplications. However, these total only 2.6Mb. It is not known whether the duplications of the subtelomeric regions arise from other chromosomes as with the pericentromeric regions. Interstitial region segmental duplications are distributed on the euchromatin between the pericentromeric and subtelomeric regions. They account for most of the interchromosomal duplications. Interstitial duplications make up most of the largest and highest-identity human segmental duplications as compared to interchromosomal duplications.

Following formation of segmental duplications, forces of evolution such as base-pair substitutions, insertions, deletions, and retrotransposition are all possible. It has been suggested that segmental duplications undergo homology-driven mutations. There are two main homology-driven processes that lead to structural alterations. Homology between segmental duplications can initiate NAHR, which occurs from the alignment of highly similar segmental duplications that are followed by paralogous recombination, or through the non-reciprocal transfer of sequence from one segmental duplication copy to another. This is referred to as gene conversion, which can be detected using newly created computational algorithms.

### Role in evolution

Segmental duplications are also important for their role in the evolution of new genes as it is one of the primary mechanisms by which new genes are created. The most common method by which segmental duplication operates in creating new genes is by duplication of the entire gene, whether it is in tandem or in an interspersed configuration. Using whole-genome shotgun sequencing, it has been found that gene density is the greatest factor in showing correlation with segmental duplication density. However, this does not mean that all segmental duplications are enriched for genes and that all duplication regions are sites for the formation of new genes. Rather, it has been seen that segmental duplications which contain interstitial interchromosomal duplications are regions with the most enrichment of genes. Comparing the subtelomeric and pericentromeric regions, it is seen that the subtelomeric regions contains more gene content and transcriptional activity. Genes found within segmental duplications also share properties. Firstly, strong signatures of positive selection are common in segmentally duplicated genes. Secondly, these genes are five to ten times more likely than their counterparts to show interspecies and intraspecies structural and copy-number variation. Finally, immune response and xenobiotic recognition are some functions that are enriched within these genes. Together, this suggests an important role for segmental duplication within human and primate adaptive evolution.

This has a great effect in humans as polymorphic insertions, inversions, and deletions are found with greater frequency near sites of segmental duplications. Similarly observed in chimpanzees, this suggests that duplicated regions are continuing to rearrange and evolve in contemporary primate populations. Recent research also suggests that segmental duplications and structural variation also have protective and beneficial effects. A 900kb inversion polymorphism, which is mediated by segmental duplication, is associated with positive selection for increased fertility for the Icelandic population. Additionally, an increased copy number of CCL3L1 due to duplication is associated with decreased susceptibility to the HIV infection.

## Human Y Chromosome

The human Y chromosome contains the greatest proportion of duplicated sequence within the human genome at 50.4%. The majority of the chromosome (41Mb out of 63Mb) is made up of three blocks of highly reiterated satellites and other repeats. The other 22Mb euchromatin region also has a unique genetic structure with large gene-rich palindromes.

### Difficulty in mapping pericentromeric regions

On the human Y chromosome as well as other primate Y chromosomes, the pericentromeric and subtelomeric regions are the most important. The pericentromeric region is the area around the centromere of the chromosome. However, there exist issues in mapping of these pericentromeric issues. Primarily, pericentromeric regions exhibit a high degree of similarity (\>98%). From this, it becomes increasingly difficult to disassemble sequence contigs using whole genome shotgun approaches. To solve this issue, a new technique was developed to allow for facilitation of mapping of pericentromeric regions. The key breakthrough was that this new methodology allowed for the detection of these overlaps. This was accomplished by using a transchromosomal assay rather than a cis-based approach for detection. This new method has allowed for the detection of BAC clones as well as the previously difficult to determine heterochromatin parts of the pericentromeric regions. This allows for closer study of these regions.

### Pericentromeric region in Yq11

The pericentromeric region on the Y chromosome is a 450kb euchromatin island between the satellite three sequence and the long arm of the chromosome. Whole genome assembly comparison experiments revealed that 80.2% of the pericentromeric sequence of the Y chromosome is composed of segmental duplications with 73.8% and 5.3% of the DNA duplicated interchromosomally and intrachromosomally respectively. It is estimated that it has a recent origin to within the last thirty million year of primate evolution. Further FISH testing confirms that the segment is highly duplicated and that the majority of the signals is located near the centromeric region of the chromosome. In addition, the pericentromeric Yq11 region shares long stretches of sequence with chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 10, 16, and 22. For this same region, thirty-six modules are distributed interchromosomally while only one module is distributed intrachromosomally. There are twenty genes segments on the Yq11 region and thirteen of them are believed to not be functional genes. Eight of these gene segments display features of degenerated processed pseudogenes while five of them display partial exon-intron structure.

### Multi-copy ampliconic genes on msrY

The msrY is the male-specific region of the Y chromosome in marsupial and placental mammals. On this Y chromosome, ampliconic genes are present in multiple copies. This group of genes undergo gene conversion. The ampliconic genes evolve faster than their autosomal counterparts. In fact, they even evolve faster than single-copy genes located on the Y chromosome. Finally, these ampliconic genes evolve faster in modern human and chimpanzees as compared to the Old World monkeys of the past.

### Evolutionary dynamics of segmental duplication

The male-specific region of the Y chromosome contains a mosaic of heterochromatic sequences. It is also made up of three classes of euchromatic sequence, which are the ampliconic genes, X-transposed, and X-degenerate. It has also been shown that an additional euchromatic sequence exists for the Yq11 region of the Y chromosome. These regions are all primarily interchromosomal. There are also three additional euchromatin/heterochromatin transition regions for a total of four on the Y chromosome. Together, these are Yp11.2/Yp11.1, Yq11.1/Yq11.21, Yq11.23/Yq12, and Yq12/PAR2. Of these four regions, the Yq11.23/Yq12 region is unique in its structure as it is composed of recurrent TPTE and SLC25A15 duplicons which have originated from different long arms regions of chromosome 13. Furthermore, the Yp11.2/Yp11.1 and Yq11.1/Yq11.21 regions contain the more ancient duplications and are predominantly located in the subtelomeric regions. Nowadays, these duplications prefer to map to the pericentromeric regions in the modern human and chimpanzee. There has been a shift from the subtelomeric regions of the Old World monkeys to the pericentromeric regions of the modern primate. This evolutionary change coincides with the shortening of the subtelomeric regions as well as the development of higher-order alpha-satellites.

### Yp11.2/Yp11.1 transition region

This is the only region which does not show any homologies to segmental duplication of other chromosomes with more than 95% sequence identity. Lowering the stringency conditions, homologues can be ascertained with chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 16, and 18. There exist three copies of this human region on the chimpanzee Y chromosome with two surrounding the Y chromosome centromere and the third located at Yp11.2. Both the human region and the homologous chimpanzee region are encompassed by typical alpha-satellite DNA found near the chromosome centromeres. The first duplicative transposition occurred about 1.2mya with a second larger genomic sequence invert occurring 880,000ya.

### Yq11.1/Yq11.21 transition region

The chimpanzee Y chromosome completely spans the orthologous part of the human region, and the human region is completely included in the orthologous chimpanzee region. The segmental duplications are primarily consistent between the two genomes with the exception of chromosomes 1, 11, and 14 unable to be located on the chimpanzee genome.

### Yq11.23/Yq12 and Yq12/PAR2 transition regions

When looking at the Yq11.23/Yq12 region, many segmental duplications can be found on both the human and chimpanzee chromosomes with the exception of a couple giving a 93% matching rate. However, orthologous sequences were unable to be detected for the Yq12/PAR2 transition region. It has been shown that segmental duplications from the Yq11.1/Yq11.21, Yq11.23/Yq12, and Yq12/PAR2 transition regions shows a predisposition to accumulate in the pericentromeric regions of both the human and chimpanzee genome.

### Non-human primate interchromosomal segmental duplication

Analysis of the Sumatran orangutan, white-tufted ear marmoset, greater bushbaby, and grey mouse lemur yielded the discovery of eight new duplicons, which correspond to more ancient duplication events. Furthermore, this shows that these duplicons have diverged more than the other mammalian species. In addition, four mutated retrotransposon insertions were shown to have simulated the entire existence of additional ancestral duplicons illustrating the need for sequencing of the euchromatin/heterochromatin transition regions for these mammals.


title: Álagablettur

abstract: Álagablettur means "power places," "spelled spots," or "enchanted spots" in Icelandic. Icelanders believe that huldufólk live in these areas, and leave them alone. However, only 2-5% of Icelanders claimed to have experienced Álagablettur. According to folklore, an "álagablettur" is a specific area that is subject to some kind of taboo or ban, so that if the ban is broken, something bad will happen. Many "álagablettir" are associated with hidden people, elves, and elf settlements, as well as burial mounds or burial places, old sanctuaries, or places where accidents or crimes have occurred. The prohibitions usually involve not disturbing the site, using it, pointing at it, or throwing stones at it. "Álagablettir" are often associated with folk tales that explain the taboo and the origin of the prohibition, but there are also examples of "álagablettir" where no story exists, or where the story may have been lost from people's memory. There are examples of "álagablettir" that have been linked to stories later on, and that they have been associated with different stories at different times. Similarly, there are examples of "álagablettir" that have been moved or forgotten about.

text:
# Álagablettur

**Álagablettur** (Icelandic pronunciation: \[ˈauːˌlaːɣaˌplehtʏr̥\]) means "power places," "spelled spots," or "enchanted spots" in Icelandic. Icelanders believe that huldufólk live in these areas, and leave them alone. However, only 2-5% of Icelanders claimed to have experienced Álagablettur.

According to folklore, an "álagablettur" is a specific area that is subject to some kind of taboo or ban, so that if the ban is broken, something bad will happen. Many "álagablettir" are associated with hidden people, elves, and elf settlements, as well as burial mounds or burial places, old sanctuaries, or places where accidents or crimes have occurred. The prohibitions usually involve not disturbing the site, using it (such as cutting grass or picking berries), pointing at it, or throwing stones at it.

"Álagablettir" are often associated with folk tales that explain the taboo and the origin of the prohibition, but there are also examples of "álagablettir" where no story exists, or where the story may have been lost from people's memory. There are examples of "álagablettir" that have been linked to stories later on, and that they have been associated with different stories at different times. Similarly, there are examples of "álagablettir" that have been moved or forgotten about.

## Examples

"Álagablettur" at Laugarvatn: Margrét from Öxnarfell was a clairvoyant woman. She claimed to have seen elves living in a moss that was part of the hills at Laugarvatn, but that the moss was a "álagablettur". However, one time a farmer from Gíslabær cut the moss and harvested a significant amount of hay. The following winter, the farmer lost his best cows, and since then no one dared to touch the moss. (Oral source from an interview).

"Álagablettur" in Eyjafjörður: Near Laufás in Eyjafjörður, there is a farm called Borgargerði. There is a small hill there that cannot be cut, as it would result in the hidden people who have control over the hill, killing a cow belonging to the farmer. Up in the mountain, there are several birch branches, remnants of an old forest, that cannot be broken, as it would result in a curse from the hidden people who have ownership of the branches. (Story from bishop Þórhallur Bjarnarson).

## Further reading


title: DYNN

abstract: DYNN, broadcasting as 97.3 Radyo Kasugbong, is a radio station owned and operated by the National Nutrition Council under the Nutriskwela Community Radio network. The station's studio is located at the Catubig Municipal Building, Catubig, Northern Samar. "Kasugbong" stands for friend in Waray.

text:
# DYNN

**DYNN** (97.3 FM), broadcasting as **97.3 Radyo Kasugbong**, is a radio station owned and operated by the National Nutrition Council under the Nutriskwela Community Radio network. The station's studio is located at the Catubig Municipal Building, Catubig, Northern Samar. "Kasugbong" stands for friend in Waray.

## InfoBox

DYNN (Radyo Kasugbong)
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Northern Samar |
| Frequency | 97.3 MHz |
| Branding | 97.3 Radyo Kasugbong |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | Waray, Filipino |
| Format | Community Radio |
| Network | Nutriskwela Community Radio |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | National Nutrition Council |
| History | |
| First air date | February 1, 2011 |
| Call sign meaning | **N**ational **N**utrition Council |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | NTC |
| Power | 300 watts |


title: Saint Christopher (yacht)

abstract: Saint Christopher was the largest expedition explorer yacht and privately registered displacement motor yacht to fly the New Zealand flag. It was originally a German built, Norwegian flagged steel cargo vessel, before being significantly overhauled to serve as an offshore rescue and supply vessel capable of recovering and accommodating 255 rescued persons in severe North Atlantic storm conditions. It was based in the North Sea and owned by. In 2011, it was refitted again, to undertake ultra-long range oil and gas research roles, cruising the world as the Guard Aleta. Some of her interior spaces were converted to more than 1,000m³ of fuel/cargo tank space. In 2016, she was sold to New Zealand based interests. Here, the vessel began another major re-purpose in Norway, between 2016 and 2017. After being laid up at anchor for years, she was sold for scrapping in Grenaa, Denmark

text:
# Saint Christopher (yacht)

***Saint Christopher*** was the largest expedition explorer yacht and privately registered displacement motor yacht to fly the New Zealand flag.

It was originally a German built, Norwegian flagged steel cargo vessel, before being significantly overhauled to serve as an offshore rescue and supply vessel capable of recovering and accommodating 255 rescued persons in severe North Atlantic storm conditions. It was based in the North Sea and owned by . In 2011, it was refitted again, to undertake ultra-long range oil and gas research roles, cruising the world as the *Guard Aleta.* Some of her interior spaces were converted to more than 1,000m³ of fuel/cargo tank space. In 2016, she was sold to New Zealand based interests. Here, the vessel began another major re-purpose in Norway, between 2016 and 2017. After being laid up at anchor for years, she was sold for scrapping in Grenaa, Denmark

## History

The Saint Christopher made global headlines in 2016, when part of an initiative designed to support Pacific Island countries in times of economic crisis, natural disaster, or other event, was made public. The catalyst for the headlines was economic pressure on small island developing states caused by banking limits in OECD countries. As part of an emergency physical settlement network, the Saint Christopher was to be a mid-ocean fueling vessel for planned cash and asset shipments for inter-bank settlements in Tonga, Samoa, Fiji and other nearby countries, while serving as a cyclone/hurricane and tsunami event recovery platform for the region at other times of the year.

## Re-purpose

Following the expansion and foundation of APFII organisation, the high speed shipping routes were abandoned, and other vessels were sold off. The Saint Christopher was again re-purposed to stand in support of these remote parts of the world and protect fisheries and remove more than 1,000,000 kilograms of microplastic waste from the Pacific Ocean. Its former use as a small tanker, and as a supply vessel, with its large generator capacity, fire-fighting systems, and life support capacity, make it ideal for the region, including the requirement of being to be at sea for very extended periods of time. *Saint Christopher* has traveled over 250,000 nmi (460,000 km; 290,000 mi), including the North Sea, Atlantic, the Mediterranean, West Africa, the Caribbean, the Middle East, Suez Canal, Indian Ocean, South China Sea, Java Sea, and the Yellow Sea, and was viewed as a solid platform to contribute to local interests.

## Conversion

In 2017, after the Saint Christopher completed its 5-year and 10-year surveys, and was no-longer required for commercial maritime operations by APFII.org, she was re-classified and re-registered as a private yacht, and given a New Zealand flag. Significant modifications were made, with new crew areas, new dining, recreational, and living spaces, as well as considerable hull and exterior work, and styling changes. Guest areas were laid out, and she was modified to carry up to 28 persons in high levels of comfort, covering both guests and crew. Her bow-thrusters were upgraded, and new ships' tenders were added. She is intended to be used in both Polar waters, but primarily the tropical climates of the South Pacific.

## Planned Features

* 6 guest cabins - accommodation for 12, average floor space, 86 square meters.
* Solar Powered interior and exterior electric systems, including LED lights and climate controls, for eco-friendly, ultra-long-range cruising.
* Interior main stair well and atrium, passing through four levels.
* Media Lounge, and 24-seat board room, for event coverage and media broadcasting.
* Sick-bay and medical center.
* 286 square meter owner's deck, with study, nursery, library, his/hers walk in wardrobes and bathrooms.
* Life saving equipment for 480 persons.
* Double Hulled, with an Ice Class-C rating (DNV)
* 400,000 litres (88,000 imp gal; 110,000 US gal) fuel capacity (formerly 680 cubic meters) giving 250,000-mile (220,000 nmi; 400,000 km) range on low fuel burn (7-8 knots).
* An experimental pyrolytic reactor, partially energised via solar power, to extend range.
* Single shaft 995 hp (742 kW) main engine with controllable pitch propeller, a 210kwE bow tunnel thruster, and a 810 hp (600 kW) retractable 360 degree Schottel secondary drive.
* 7.2 meter custom tender with a v8, 5.8 liter inboard petrol motor.
* 3.35m Novurania 335 DL Day-tender.

## InfoBox

| Saint Christopher Project Rendering | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| New Zealand | |
| Name | *Saint Christopher* |
| Namesake | Saint Christopher, Patron Saint of Travelers and Mariners. |
| Port of registry | New Zealand |
| Builder | Rsw Rosslauer Schiffswerft, Rosslau, Germany |
| Laid down | 1973 |
| Christened | Black Ice |
| Completed | 1988 |
| In service | April 2018 |
| Renamed | Saint Christopher |
| Reclassified | Private Yacht |
| Refit | 2016 - 2018 |
| Identification | Callsign: ZMW9987 IMO number: 7332775 MMSI number: 377406000 |
| Nickname(s) | Kitt |
| Fate | Ship sold for scrapping to Fornaes Shipbreaking Ltd. in 2020 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Motor yacht |
| Tonnage | 293 GT (USCG) |
| Displacement | 862 metric tons |
| Tons burthen | 455 |
| Length | 49.60 m (162.7 ft) |
| Beam | 10.10 m (33.1 ft) |
| Draft | 3.7 m (12 ft) |
| Installed power | 993 hp (740 kW) |
| Range | 38,500 nmi (71,300 km; 44,300 mi) @ 8.2 kn (15.2 km/h; 9.4 mph) |
| Boats & landing <br>craft carried | * Custom 7.2m Sport Tender * Novurania 335 DL day Tender |
| Crew | 11 Ship's Crew & six additional support staff. |
| Aviation facilities | Aft helideck available. |


title: Schwarzer Samt

abstract: Schwarzer Samt is a German crime film by Heinz Thiel produced by the DEFA in 1964.

text:
# Schwarzer Samt

***Schwarzer Samt*** (English: *Black Velvet*) is a German crime film by Heinz Thiel produced by the DEFA in 1964.

## Plot summary

The State Security Service detains the photographer Gwendoleit, who as courier was supposed to bring counterfeited documents and number plates to Leipzig and to work on a photo assignment. Because the State Security Service neither knows with whom Gwendoleit wants to meet in Leipzig, nor what the photo subject was, the security agent Alexander Berg assumes the identity of Gwendoleit, although he had planned a trip to Oberhof for his winter holidays.

In Leipzig Helma Sibelka appears and hands over a deposit for the passports and the number plates to Alexander. Berg refuses to hand over the passports before the full amount is paid. Helma goes to see her husband, the engineer Manfred, in the guesthouse, where she finds him with the secretary Vera Gorm. Manfred has long given up on their marriage and is planning a future without his wife.

Operating out of the Hotel Astoria, Berg has few clues as to what this entire case is actually about. In a few days the Leipzig Trade Fair will start. He receives an encrypted letter signed by a certain "Dora", asking him to remind his "business partner" of the pending delivery of a consignment of "black velvet". Soon it becomes clear that the person posing as "Dora" is a certain Dr. Oranke. The security agents come to the conclusion that "Black velvet" is code for a snapshot to be taken by Gwendoleit. Manfred instructs Berg to take the snapshot from a window in his study which affords an unobstructed view of a highly innovative remote-controlled crane erected for the trade fair. Crane operator Manfred manipulates the machine, so that the monitors break down and the test run becomes a disaster. Berg captures the failed demonstration with his camera. Now the investigators see through the conspiracy: Hamburg-based Dr. Oranke had offered Manfred a job in West Germany. However, this job offer came with the condition that Manfred was to sabotage his company's crane demonstration at the trade fair, thereby harming the international reputation of the GDR. However, the investigators decide to play for time because they want to find out who Manfred wants to take with him on the second passport he has requested. A short while later Berg finds Manfred battered to death.

He is instructed by an unknown person to come to Manfred's office. Here he meets Vera Gorm, who in reality is one of the masterminds of the operation. She reveals to Alexander that Manfred was actually supposed to destabilize the crane using acid, leading to its total collapse on the opening day of the trade fair. When he got cold feet, she killed him. The acid was being transported in a box with the inscription "Black Velvet". Vera Gorm becomes suspicious of Berg because he is obviously not aware of all the facts that Gwendoleit would be supposed to know. She orders an accomplice to confine Berg in the basement, while she is going to destroy the crane with acid. Here she is detained by Alexander's men and Alexander himself, who was able to incapacitate her accomplice. The case is solved.

Soon after Alexander is sitting in the train to Oberhof. A female passenger is spraying on perfume - the brand is "Black Velvet".

## Production

*Schwarzer Samt* was shot in 1963 in and around Leipzig. Filming locations include the Hotel Astoria, where Alexander Berg stayed during his investigations, and the Monument to the Battle of the Nations, where the meeting of Alexander and Manfred was filmed.

On 27 February 1964 the film premiered at Kino Babylon in Berlin. The script is based on themes of the novel *Der scharlachrote Domino* (*The Scarlet Red Domino*) by Fred Unger.

## Cast

## Critical reviews

Contemporary critics gave negative ratings for the film. "In favour of external tension sometimes internal logic is lacking; with an overly complicated setup of their plans the agents seem to put obstacles in their own way", a critic judged. Renate Holland-Moritz criticized, that in the film yet another time "a superman is served, who solves the difficult case almost in solo action."

film-dienst states *Schwarzer Samt* to be "exciting entertainment, that satirizes the James Bond mythos within the limits of possibilities."

## Literature

* *Schwarzer Samt*. In: Frank-Burkhard Habel: *Das große Lexikon der DEFA-Spielfilme*. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-89602-349-7, pg. 523–524.

## InfoBox

| Black Velvet<br>(Schwarzer Samt) | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Heinz Thiel |
| Written by | Gerhard Bengsch and Joachim Plötner |
| Produced by | DEFA, KAG „Heinrich Greif“ |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Horst E. Brandt |
| Edited by | Anneliese Hinze-Sokolow |
| Music by | Helmut Nier |
| Distributed by | DEFA |
| Release date | * 1964 (1964) |
| Running time | 80 minutes |
| Language | German |
| Budget | N/A |


title: Pronghorn, Oregon

abstract: Pronghorn is a census-designated place (CDP) and resort community in Deschutes County, Oregon, United States. It is part of the Bend, Oregon Metropolitan Statistical Area. The residential population was 34 at the 2010 census. It comprises the Pronghorn Golf Club, located 4 miles (6 km) south of Redmond.

text:
# Pronghorn, Oregon

**Pronghorn** is a census-designated place (CDP) and resort community in Deschutes County, Oregon, United States. It is part of the Bend, Oregon Metropolitan Statistical Area. The residential population was 34 at the 2010 census. It comprises the Pronghorn Golf Club, located 4 miles (6 km) south of Redmond.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 92 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

## InfoBox

| Pronghorn, Oregon | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| PronghornLocation in the state of OregonPronghornPronghorn (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 44°11′09″N 121°10′21″W / 44.18583°N 121.17250°W / 44.18583; -121.17250 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Oregon |
| County | Deschutes |
| Area | |
| Total | 6.58 sq mi (17.05 km2) |
| Land | 6.58 sq mi (17.05 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 3,200 ft (1,000 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 92 |
| Density | 13.97/sq mi (5.39/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (Pacific (PST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (PDT) |
| ZIP code | 97701 |
| Area code(s) | 458 and 541 |
| FIPS code | 41-60070 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2584421 |


title: Deer Creek (Nevada County, California)

abstract: Deer Creek is a stream that flows through the Sierra Nevada Range in Northern California, USA. The 34 miles (55 km) stream begins above Scotts Flat Lake in the alpine region in the Tahoe National Forest, continues through the middle of downtown Nevada City, is a tributary to Lake Wildwood and ends as it enters the Yuba River below Englebright Lake. The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment has issued a safe advisory for any fish caught in Deer Creek due to elevated levels of mercury.

text:
# Deer Creek (Nevada County, California)

**Deer Creek** is a stream that flows through the Sierra Nevada Range in Northern California, USA. The 34 miles (55 km) stream begins above Scotts Flat Lake in the alpine region in the Tahoe National Forest, continues through the middle of downtown Nevada City, is a tributary to Lake Wildwood and ends as it enters the Yuba River below Englebright Lake.

The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment has issued a safe advisory for any fish caught in Deer Creek due to elevated levels of mercury.

## Trail

The Deer Creek Tribute Trail is a series of walking trails constructed around the creek upstream from downtown Nevada City.

39°15′15.59″N 121°04′13.94″W / 39.2543306°N 121.0705389°W / 39.2543306; -121.0705389


title: Celebrated Living

abstract: Celebrated Living was a free, bi-monthly in-flight magazine available on American Airlines flights in First and Business Class, and in American Airlines Admirals Clubs worldwide.

text:
# Celebrated Living

***Celebrated Living*** was a free, bi-monthly in-flight magazine available on American Airlines flights in First and Business Class, and in American Airlines Admirals Clubs worldwide.

## History and profile

*Celebrated Living* was established in 1999. The first issue appeared on 1 October of that year. The magazine wass published bi-monthly, with issues for January/February, March/April, May/June, July/August, September/October, and November/December, reaching 4.9 million premium class passengers with each issue.

The magazine was published by American Airlines Publishing and is based in Fort Worth, Texas. In 2014, American Airlines appointed Ink as the new publisher of *Celebrated Living*. The revamped magazine contained new editorial sections focused on luxury, in the form of property, style and culture topics.

*Celebrated Living* was available to readers both in inflight and in the lounges, via the print version; as well as in digital editions for mobile devices, tablets and online.

By the time American Airlines' other magazine, *American Way*, ceased publication in 2021, the publication of *Celebrated Living* had also ended.

## InfoBox

*Celebrated Living*
| The cover of the Summer 2006 issue. | |
| --- | --- |
| Categories | Inflight magazine |
| Frequency | Bi-monthly |
| Founded | 1999 |
| First issue | 1 October 1999 |
| Company | Ink Global |
| Country | United States |
| Based in | Miami, Florida |
| Language | English |
| Website | www.celebratedliving.com |


title: Kwasizabantu

abstract: Kwasizabantu, meaning "where we help people", is a non-denominational church mission originating in South Africa, which has grown to include centres in several countries. The mission is affiliated with a primary and secondary school, Domino Service School, and a teacher-training college, Cedar International Academy.

text:
# Kwasizabantu

**Kwasizabantu** (also **KwaSizabantu**, **Kwa Sizabantu**, **KSB**), meaning "where we help people", is a non-denominational church mission originating in South Africa, which has grown to include centres in several countries. The mission is affiliated with a primary and secondary school, Domino Service School, and a teacher-training college, Cedar International Academy.

## History

Kwasizabantu Mission was founded in 1970 by Erlo Hartwig Stegen (1935–2023). Stegen had been a travelling evangelist among the Zulu population of Natal since the 1950s up to 1970. In 1966–67, Stegen's efforts culminated in a revival, accompanied by mass conversions and miraculous healings . In 1970, its base was established at a place called *KwaSizabantu* (Zulu for "the place of help for people," or "the place where people are helped"). This became the ministry's eponym.

This mission station is situated on a farm of 550 hectares between Greytown and KwaDukuza (also known as Stanger) in KwaZulu-Natal, and is currently one of the largest and most successful mission stations in Africa.  The Mission has a few non-profit initiatives, as well as some successful commercial enterprises which fund its activities.

One of the non-profit initiatives is *Radio Khwezi,* a community radio broadcasting station which started broadcasting in 1995. Radio Khwezi is available in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands region on FM 90.5 and 107.7 and is available worldwide through live streaming on the Internet. Radio Khwezi broadcasts a variety of programs aimed at informing and edifying the community. The Sunday services of Kwasizabantu Mission are broadcast live from 11h00 South African time.

On 12 August 2006, Kwasizabantu Mission officially opened the Emseni Care Centre (meaning "place of grace"). The Emseni Care Centre provides free care and counselling to HIV and AIDS patients. Some of the patients have allegedly fully recovered and are HIV free today.

The KwaSizabantu Mission houses the water factory aQuellé and has 8.5 hectares of advanced greenhouses where sweet peppers are grown hydroponically. KwaSizabantu Mission also has an extensive avocado farming enterprise. The produce is packaged in a packaging facility on the mission station for Woolworths, Checkers, Spar and other local markets. Some of the produce is exported. It also produces dairy products which are marketed through their Bonlé brand. They also have a Saverite supermarket on the premises with its own bakery and deli. The profit of the different enterprises is used to help those in need and to further the aims of the Mission.

The director of the KwaSizabantu Mission in Kranskop, the Reverend Erlo Hartwig Stegen, was named co-recipient of a major international award — the Robert W. Pierce Award for Christian Service — by World Vision International on 9 December 2007. In 2013 Rev EH Stegen was awarded the Chancellor's Medal by the North-West University (NWU) for his humanitarian work among poor rural communities.

## Controversy

In September 2020, News24 released an exposé alleging that Kwasizabantu is a cult with allegations from former members of abuse—including rape. This sparked an official, ongoing probe by KwaZulu-Natal local authorities. As a result several South African vendors temporarily stopped selling the mission owned bottled water, aQuellé. But the Cultural Religious and Linguistic (CRL) committee as well as an Independent Panel did not find Kwasisabantu Mission to be a cult . In addition, Potgieter published a case study 'A journey to the truth: the case of KwaSizabantu Mission' and found that ex-members weaponised the media against the Mission. Potgieter also points out various red flags in unethical journalism of News24.


title: Segmental resection

abstract: Segmental resection, or segmentectomy, is a surgical procedure to remove part of an organ or gland as a sub-type of resection, which might involve removing the whole body part. It may also be used to remove a tumor and the normal tissue around it. In lung cancer surgery, segmental resection refers to removing a section of a lobe of the lung. The resection margin needed to be free of cancerous cells.

text:
# Segmental resection

**Segmental resection**, or **segmentectomy**, is a surgical procedure to remove part of an organ or gland as a sub-type of resection, which might involve removing the whole body part. It may also be used to remove a tumor and the normal tissue around it. In lung cancer surgery, segmental resection refers to removing a section of a lobe of the lung. The resection margin needed to be free of cancerous cells.

* This article incorporates public domain material from *Dictionary of Cancer Terms*. U.S. National Cancer Institute.


title: Álamo bus accident

abstract: The Álamo bus accident occurred on April 20, 2012 near the city of Álamo, Veracruz, Mexico, when a trailer broke loose from a truck and crashed into a passenger bus. Of the 70 people on board, 43 were killed in the crash, the other 17 citizens being seriously injured. Four minors were among the dead, a local municipal spokesman said. One local news network said the bus was carrying 70 passengers, but only had capacity for less than 60. As rescue workers recovered bodies from the wreckage, officials organized the transfer of the injured to hospitals in the nearby port city of Tuxpan. The victims were workers traveling from Coatzacoalcos, a major port city in the southern part of the Mexican state of Veracruz, to the northern border state of Coahuila, according to the authorities. The vehicles were said to have been traveling in opposite directions along the highway early on Friday when the rear trailer of the truck decoupled, smashing into the bus. The accident happened in a part of the road called the Curva del Diablo. According to Reuters, the accident occurred in a part of Mexico that has been overwhelmed by drug-related gang violence in recent years. Another collision on Friday between a passenger bus and a truck on a road in State of Jalisco killed one and injured 36, reported AFP.

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# Álamo bus accident

2012 Mexico bus crashclass=notpageimage|Location of tragedy

The **Álamo bus accident** occurred on April 20, 2012 near the city of Álamo, Veracruz, Mexico, when a trailer broke loose from a truck and crashed into a passenger bus. Of the 70 people on board, 43 were killed in the crash, the other 17 citizens being seriously injured. Four minors were among the dead, a local municipal spokesman said. One local news network said the bus was carrying 70 passengers, but only had capacity for less than 60. As rescue workers recovered bodies from the wreckage, officials organized the transfer of the injured to hospitals in the nearby port city of Tuxpan.

The victims were workers traveling from Coatzacoalcos, a major port city in the southern part of the Mexican state of Veracruz, to the northern border state of Coahuila, according to the authorities. The vehicles were said to have been traveling in opposite directions along the highway early on Friday when the rear trailer of the truck decoupled, smashing into the bus. The accident happened in a part of the road called the *Curva del Diablo*. According to Reuters, the accident occurred in a part of Mexico that has been overwhelmed by drug-related gang violence in recent years. Another collision on Friday between a passenger bus and a truck on a road in State of Jalisco killed one and injured 36, reported AFP.

## Reactions

President of Mexico, Felipe Calderón, expressed his sadness over the crash in a message posted on his Twitter account. Veracruz's governor, Javier Duarte, and his wife visited the accident site to oversee the rescue and recovery efforts, promising state support for victims and their families.

## InfoBox

Álamo bus accident
| Date | 20 April 2012 (2012-04-20) |
| --- | --- |
| Time | 04:30 CDT |
| Location | Álamo,  Veracruz,  Mexico |
| Coordinates | 20°55′00″N 97°40′30″W / 20.91667°N 97.67500°W / 20.91667; -97.67500 |
| Deaths | 43 |
| Non-fatal injuries | 17 |
| Property damage | 1 truck, 1 passenger bus |


title: DYNJ

abstract: DYNJ is a relay station of RJFM Manila, owned and operated by Rajah Broadcasting Network through its licensee Free Air Broadcasting Network, Inc. The station's transmitter is located along JM Basa St. corner Mapa St., Iloilo City.

text:
# DYNJ

**DYNJ** (98.3 FM) is a relay station of RJFM Manila, owned and operated by Rajah Broadcasting Network through its licensee Free Air Broadcasting Network, Inc. The station's transmitter is located along JM Basa St. corner Mapa St., Iloilo City.

## History

The station was established in 1974 as DYRJ on 1152 kHz. At that time, it was located in Nabitasan, La Paz District. In 1980, it transferred to FM via 98.7 MHz and was dubbed as *The Flava of The City*. In 1990, it adopted the **RJFM** brand and switched to an album rock format. In 1996, it transferred to 98.3 MHz and changed its name to **Boss Radio**. In 2000, it rebranded as **The Hive** and switched to a modern rock format. In 2003, it became a relay station of RJ 100. In July 2009, it transferred its transmitter facilities to Casa Plaza Bldg.

## InfoBox

RJFM Iloilo (DYRJ)
| Simulcast of DZRJ-FM Manila | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Iloilo, Guimaras and surrounding areas |
| Frequency | 98.3 MHz |
| Branding | 100.3 RJFM |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | English |
| Format | Adult Hits |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| History | |
| First air date | 1974 (on AM)
1980 (on FM) |
| Former call signs | DYRJ (1974–1996) |
| Former frequencies | 1152 kHz (1974–1980)
98.7 MHz (1980–1996) |
| Call sign meaning | **N**adine **J**acinto (executive producer, RJ Productions) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | NTC |
| Power | 10,000 watts |


title: Buffalo Fire Historical Museum

abstract: The Buffalo Fire Historical Museum is located in Buffalo, New York at William and North Ogden Streets. Established and staffed by retired members of the Buffalo Fire Department, the museum seeks to preserve the history of the BFD since its inception in the mid-to-late 19th century. Exhibits include photos of historic Buffalo Fire apparatus, several pieces of apparatus including an Ahrens-Fox pumper, and a horse-drawn steamer. Also included are pictures, accounts, and artifacts from the December 27, 1983 North Division Street explosion that killed five firefighters, two civilians, destroyed about a million in fire equipment, and leveled several city blocks, as well as the infamous fire alarm box # 29 also known as the Hoodoo Box. It was so called because whenever this particular box, located at Seneca and Wells streets in Buffalo, New York was used, the call would usually end up tragic for the Buffalo Fire Department.

text:
# Buffalo Fire Historical Museum

The **Buffalo Fire Historical Museum** is located in Buffalo, New York at William and North Ogden Streets. Established and staffed by retired members of the Buffalo Fire Department, the museum seeks to preserve the history of the BFD since its inception in the mid-to-late 19th century. Exhibits include photos of historic Buffalo Fire apparatus, several pieces of apparatus including an Ahrens-Fox pumper, and a horse-drawn steamer.

Also included are pictures, accounts, and artifacts from the December 27, 1983 North Division Street explosion that killed five firefighters, two civilians, destroyed about a million in fire equipment, and leveled several city blocks, as well as the infamous fire alarm box # 29 also known as the Hoodoo Box. It was so called because whenever this particular box, located at Seneca and Wells streets in Buffalo, New York was used, the call would usually end up tragic for the Buffalo Fire Department.

42°53′06″N 78°48′08″W / 42.884942°N 78.802255°W / 42.884942; -78.802255


# Candidates of the 1907 New South Wales state election

The 1907 New South Wales state election involved 90 electoral districts returning one member each and was held on 10 September 1907.

Since the previous election in 1904, the Progressive Party, formerly one of the three major New South Wales political parties, had faded away. Some of its members had joined the Liberal Party, while others continued as independents. In line with general practice, those members are here given the designation "Former Progressive". Electorates previously held by the Progressive Party are marked as such.

## Retiring members

### Liberal

### Independent

## Legislative Assembly

Sitting members are shown in bold text. Successful candidates are highlighted in the relevant colour.

| Electorate | Held by | Labor candidate | Liberal candidate | Other candidates |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |
| Albury | Progressive | Henry Davies |  | **Gordon McLaurin** (Fmr Prog) |
| Alexandria | Labor | **John Dacey** | **Albert Bruntnell** | Alexander Bryson (Ind)
Patrick Craddock (Ind)
Joseph Warner (Ind) |
| Allowrie | Liberal |  | **Mark Morton** |  |
| Annandale | Liberal |  | **William Mahony** | Reginald Cohen (Ind) |
| Armidale | Liberal | Michael MacMahon | Edmund Lonsdale |  |
| Ashburnham | Liberal | John Lynch | **Eden George** |  |
| Ashfield | Liberal |  | **William Robson** | James Eve (Ind) |
| Balmain | Liberal | John Storey | **Walter Anderson** |  |
| Bathurst | Progressive |  | John Miller | **William Young** (Fmr Prog) |
| Bega | Liberal | George Holt | **William Wood** |  |
| Belmore | Progressive |  | Richard Teece | **Edward O'Sullivan** (Fmr Prog) |
| Belubula | Liberal | George Ross | **Thomas Waddell** |  |
| Bingara | Liberal | Samuel Heaton | **Samuel Moore** |  |
| Blayney | Liberal | George Beeby | **John Withington** |  |
| Botany | Liberal | Fred Page | Isaac Spackman | William Cox (Ind) |
| Broken Hill | Labor | **John Cann** |  |  |
| Burrangong | Labor | **George Burgess** | Hector McWilliam |  |
| Burwood | Liberal | Thomas Tytherleigh | **Thomas Henley** | William Archer (Ind)
Stapleton Rodd (Ind) |
| Camden | Liberal |  | **Fred Downes** | John Moore (Ind)
Frederick Webster (Ind) |
| Camperdown | Progressive | Robert Stuart-Robertson | William Clegg | **James Smith** (Fmr Prog) |
| Canterbury | Liberal | Edgar Cutler | **Thomas Mackenzie** | Varney Parkes (Ind Lib) |
| Castlereagh | Labor | **John Treflé** |  | Donald Fletcher (Ind Lib) |
| Clarence | Progressive |  | **John McFarlane** | Thomas Willan (Ind) |
| Clyde | Liberal | William Alley | **William Millard** | John Keenan (Ind) |
| Cobar | Labor | **Donald Macdonell** |  |  |
| Cootamundra | Labor | **William Holman** |  | Alfred Conroy (Ind Lib) |
| Corowa | Liberal | John Grant | **Richard Ball** |  |
| Darling | Labor | **John Meehan** | William Davis |  |
| Darling Harbour | Labor | **William Daley** | George Whatmore | John Norton (Ind) |
| | | | | Sydney Green (Ind)
Harry Holland (Soc)
Evan Jones (Ind) |
| Darlinghurst | Liberal | Donald McKinnon | **Daniel Levy** | James Jones (Ind)
David Middleton (Ind) |
| Deniliquin | Independent | Henry Peters | Hugh McKinney | George Perrin (Ind)
James Wallace (Ind) |
| Durham | Progressive |  |  | William Brown (Ind Lib) |
| | | | | **Walter Bennett** (Fmr Prog) |
| Glebe | Liberal |  | **James Hogue** | John Haynes (Ind) |
| Gloucester | Liberal |  | **James Young** | Richard Price (Ind) |
| | | | | Henry Gardem (Ind) |
| Gordon | Liberal | Sydney Hutton | **Charles Wade** |  |
| Gough | Liberal | Francis Bryant | **Follett Thomas** | William Vincent (Ind) |
| Goulburn | Liberal | Richard Holloway | Augustus James | James Gegg (Ind)
Thomas Rose (Ind) |
| Granville | Liberal | Walter Duncan | **John Nobbs** |  |
| Gwydir | Labor | **George Jones** |  | Thomas Hogan (Ind Lib) |
| Hartley | Liberal | James Dooley | **John Hurley** |  |
| Hastings and Macleay | Liberal |  | **Robert Davidson** | William Newton (Ind)
Edward Noonan (Ind) |
| Hawkesbury | Progressive | Arthur Mackenzie | **Brinsley Hall** | Thomas Smith (Ind) |
| Kahibah | Labor | **Alfred Edden** |  |  |
| King | Liberal | John West | **Ernest Broughton** |  |
| Lachlan | Labor | **Andrew Kelly** | James Carroll |  |
| Lane Cove | Liberal | Robert Boxall | **David Fell** |  |
| Leichhardt | Liberal | Campbell Carmichael | **Robert Booth** | John Hawthorne (Ind) |
| Liverpool Plains | Ind Liberal | Henry Horne | **John Perry** |  |
| Macquarie | Labor | **Thomas Thrower** | Charles Barton |  |
| Maitland | Progressive | Samuel Rees | **John Gillies** |  |
| Marrickville | Liberal | Walter Thompson | **Richard McCoy** |  |
| Middle Harbour | Liberal |  | **Richard Arthur** | William Fell (Ind Lib)
John Hayes (Ind)
Thomas Loxton (Ind) |
| Monaro | Labor | **Gus Miller** | Edward Harris |  |
| Mudgee | Progressive | James Morrish | Robert Jones | William Wall (Ind) |
| Murray | Labor | **Robert Scobie** | Frank Byrne |  |
| Murrumbidgee | Labor | **Patrick McGarry** | Thomas Fitzpatrick |  |
| Namoi | Ind Liberal | William Walton |  | **Albert Collins** (Ind Lib) |
| Newcastle | Liberal | Laurence Vial | Owen Gilbert |  |
| Newtown | Labor | **Robert Hollis** | Harold Morgan | Patrick Quinn (Ind) |
| Northumberland | Labor | **Matthew Charlton** | John Sutton |  |
| Orange | Labor | **Albert Gardiner** | John Fitzpatrick |  |
| Paddington | Liberal | John Osborne | **Charles Oakes** | Sidney Baird (Ind) |
| Parramatta | Liberal | Arthur Rae | **Tom Moxham** | Edward Terry (Ind) |
| Petersham | Liberal | John Kohen | **John Cohen** | William Pickup (Ind) |
| Phillip | Labor | **Phillip Sullivan** | John Garland | Richard Meagher (Ind) |
| Pyrmont | Labor | **John McNeill** | Percy Stevens |  |
| Queanbeyan | Liberal | George Clark | **Granville Ryrie** | Edward Lockwood (Ind) |
| Raleigh | Progressive | William McCristal |  | **George Briner** (Fmr Prog) |
| | | | | John McLaughlin (Ind Lib) |
| Randwick | Liberal | John Browne | **David Storey** |  |
| Redfern | Labor | **James McGowen** | George Howe |  |
| Richmond | Progressive |  | **John Perry** | Thomas Temperley (Ind) |
| Rous | Liberal |  | **George Hindmarsh** | Richard Balmer (Ind)
John Sheridan (Ind) |
| Rozelle | Liberal | James Mercer | **Sydney Law** |  |
| St George | Liberal | George Black | **Sir Joseph Carruthers** |  |
| St Leonards | Liberal | Herbert Milner | John Carter | Edward Clark (Ind) |
| | | | | **Thomas Creswell** (Ind Lib)
Herbert McIntosh (Ind Lib) |
| Sherbrooke | Liberal | Benjamin Prior | John Hunt | Donald Campbell (Ind)
Robert Lalor (Ind)
Eugene Rudder (Ind) |
| Singleton | Liberal | William Johnson | **James Fallick** |  |
| Sturt | Labor | **Arthur Griffith** |  |  |
| Surry Hills | Liberal | John Birt | Sir James Graham | Paddy Crick (Ind)
George Perry (Ind) |
| Tamworth | Progressive | Harold Farleigh |  | **Robert Levien** (Fmr Prog) |
| | | | | Samuel Walker (Ind) |
| Tenterfield | Liberal |  | **Charles Lee** | Robert Pyers (Ind) |
| Upper Hunter | Liberal | William Ashford | **William Fleming** | Edward Eagar (Ind)
Wilfred Young (Ind) |
| Waratah | Labor | **John Estell** |  | David Renfrew (Ind) |
| Waverley | Liberal | Edward Whittington | **Thomas Jessep** | James Macarthur-Onslow (Ind Lib) |
| | | | | Frank Lock (Ind) |
| Wickham | Progressive | William Grahame |  | **John Fegan** (Fmr Prog) |
| Wollondilly | Liberal | Laurence Gilmartin | **William McCourt** | Leonard Green (Ind) |
| Wollongong | Labor | **John Nicholson** | Alexander Campbell |  |
| Woollahra | Liberal | Robert Usher | **William Latimer** |  |
| Wynyard | Progressive | Patrick Sullivan |  | **Robert Donaldson** (Fmr Prog) |
| Yass | Labor | **Niels Nielsen** | Bernard Grogan |  |

1. Green, Antony. "1907 Candidates". *New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007*. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 5 December 2019.


title: Psilocybe wayanadensis

abstract: Psilocybe wayanadensis is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. The mushroom contains psilocybin, a prodrug for the psychedelic tryptamine psilocin. It was described from the state of Kerala in India.

text:
# Psilocybe wayanadensis

***Psilocybe wayanadensis*** is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. The mushroom contains psilocybin, a prodrug for the psychedelic tryptamine psilocin.

It was described from the state of Kerala in India.

## InfoBox

| *Psilocybe wayanadensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Hymenogastraceae |
| Genus: | *Psilocybe* |
| Species: | ***P. wayanadensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Psilocybe wayanadensis***<br>K.A. Thomas, Manim. & Guzmán | |
|


title: Dela, Ethiopia

abstract: Dela or Dala is a town in southern Tigray, Ethiopia. It is one of the larger towns in the Alaje district. Historically, Dela was the administrative and capital city of Bora-Selewa woreda, which was part of Enderta province, when Enderta was an independent province as well as an awraja as recent as the late 1990s.

text:
# Dela, Ethiopia

**Dela** or **Dala** is a town in southern Tigray, Ethiopia. It is one of the larger towns in the Alaje district. Historically, Dela was the administrative and capital city of Bora-Selewa woreda, which was part of Enderta province, when Enderta was an independent province as well as an awraja as recent as the late 1990s.

## History

Della was where the Italian aggression dominance was defeated basically at the nearby mountain known as "Emba Alaje" during the second invasion in 1941. It was also the last hiding place of King "Lij Eyasu", niece of Emperor II Minilik, until his own servant leaked and exposed him to Haile Selassie during the first quarter of the 20th century. It is a place where the previous dictatorial military regime of Ethiopia, Derg, never fully controlled. In line with that opportunity, a number of residents have been part of the struggle to overthrow the regime with Ethiopian Peoples Democratic Front (EPRDF).

13°00′25″N 39°20′45″E / 13.00694°N 39.34583°E / 13.00694; 39.34583  by redae nigus published book in 2009

## InfoBox

| Dela Dala | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Country | Ethiopia |
| Region | Tigray |
| Zone | Debubawi Zone |
| Woreda | Alaje |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |


title: Saraymağara, Yavuzeli

abstract: Saraymağara, historically and still informally called Romanlı, is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Yavuzeli, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. The village is inhabited by Kurds of the Reşwan tribe and had a population of 490 in 2022.

text:
# Saraymağara, Yavuzeli

**Saraymağara**, historically and still informally called **Romanlı**, is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Yavuzeli, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. The village is inhabited by Kurds of the Reşwan tribe and had a population of 490 in 2022.

## InfoBox

| Saraymağara | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| SaraymağaraLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 37°15′35″N 37°36′16″E / 37.25972°N 37.60444°E / 37.25972; 37.60444 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Gaziantep |
| District | Yavuzeli |
| Population (2022) | 490 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: 16th Vietnam Film Festival

abstract: The 16th Vietnam Film Festival was held from December 8 to December 12, 2009 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, with the slogan "For a reformed and integrated Vietnam cinema".

text:
# 16th Vietnam Film Festival

The 16th **Vietnam Film Festival** was held from December 8 to December 12, 2009 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, with the slogan "For a reformed and integrated Vietnam cinema" (Vietnamese: "Vì một nền điện ảnh Việt Nam đổi mới và hội nhập").

## Event

The 16th Vietnam Film Festival is also a meaningful "reunion" with the public in Ho Chi Minh City since the 5th Vietnam Film Festival was held in 1983 in the city named after Uncle Ho. 2009 is also the 50th anniversary of the Vietnamese Revolutionary Cinema, so this is also a festival for Vietnam's Cinema to review its development journey with significant successes achieved in the region and the world.

The opening ceremony of the Film Festival took place on the evening of December 8 at White Palace, broadcast live on HTV7 channel. The closing ceremony on the evening of December 12 at Hòa Bình Theater, live on HTV9 channel.

Public opinion praises this film festival for being more professional in a number of stages: Organizing the voting for the most favorite movies of the audience, and seminars. Professionally, the 16th Vietnam Film Festival also impressed with the "double" of the Golden Lotus and the director award for the film "*Đừng đốt*" by director Đặng Nhật Minh.

### Participation

This year, the organizers extend to a maximum of 100% of feature films of all types (feature, documentary, science, animated) of all cinema establishments, produced after the 15th Vietnam Film Festival (November 2007) to the second half of October 2009, all were able to participate. This is intended to encourage movie establishments to produce more movies in theaters, to serve the public. Therefore, some studios send up to two or three films to participate. Fifteen works with three film lines: State, private and films by overseas Vietnamese directors created a colorful cinematic picture. The difference in quantity between public and private films is not significant.

Participating in the competition at the 16th Vietnam Film Festival, there were 99 cinematographic works from 29 film production facilities across the country. In which, there are 15 feature films, 11 direct-to-video feature films, 20 animated films and 53 documentaries - science films. 9 foreign film troupes from China, Japan, Korea, the US, Finland, Russia, Singapore, Laos and Cambodia have attended and contribute ideas in seminars on short films, on mobilizing capital for film production. This clearly shows the integration efforts of the country's cinema.

### Jury

The organizers clearly define each film genre to have the best movie among the entries, so each film genre has won the Golden Lotus award: "*Đừng đốt*" (Feature film), "*13 bến nước*" (Direct-to-video Feature film), "*Đất lạnh*" (Documentary), "*Nước ngầm cảnh báo*" (Science film) and "*Thỏ và Rùa*" (Animated film).

The feature film jury comprises 9 members: President of Vietnam Cinema Association Trần Luân Kim (Head), director Vũ Xuân Hưng, painter Phạm Quang Vĩnh, director Bùi Tuấn Dũng, composer Đặng Hữu Phúc, screenwriters Chu Lai and Văn Lê, cinematographer Hoàng Tấn Phát, actress Ngọc Hiệp. Direct-to-video feature film jury has 7 members, led by director Xuân Sơn. Documentary - science film jury has 7 members, led by director Lò Minh. The animated film jury has 5 members and is headed by director Đặng Hiền. For the first time at the National Film Festival, there will also be a press panel led by Trịnh Lê Văn - Head of the Department of Arts and Sciences of Vietnam Television.

This year, in addition to the traditional awards of the Film Festival, the organizers added the award category for the best feature film voted by the press into the award structure. This award is organized by the organizers in collaboration with the Press Department - Ministry of Information and Communications. Each judging journalist was given a briefcase containing information about the 15 films participating in the festival, the judging rules, paper for making comments, a pen and a flashlight (for viewing seats and reading documents).

The film festival continued to maintain the audience vote award, although this award is still considered inaccurate, as the film that wins is often the most free-to-view film, not the best film in the opinion of the public. majority of the public. The award voted by the audience in this festival is recommended to use the form of ticket sales or online voting.

### Activities

Movies are shown according to schedule at cinemas in Ho Chi Minh City: Thăng Long A, Đại Đồng, Đống Đa, Galaxy Nguyễn Du, Fafilm. The film "*14 ngày phép*" is the opening film for the cinema screenings at Thăng Long A theater from 9:30 a.m. on December 7. At the same time, at the cinemas of Fafilm, Đống Đa and Đại Đồng will also screen films submitted to the festival in the genres of direct-to-video feature, documentary - science and animated. The movies will be shown until the end of December 11 in 3 mornings, afternoons and evenings.

On the morning of December 8, movie artists came to offer flowers at Uncle Hồ's monument and at the same time the Film Fair will open at the Cultural Center of District 10. For the first time at the National Film Festival, the Film Fair activity was officially held with the name "*Cinema with the Public*" (Vietnamese: Điện ảnh với công chúng), paralleling almost the entire duration of the festival. This is a remarkable innovation because at film festivals around the world, and even big art festivals like Cannes, there are also film fairs. The public will have access to filmmakers and producers.

For Vietnamese and international professionals and film professionals, there are 3 seminars and talks on:

* "*Short films in the context of international integration*" (Vietnamese: "Phim ngắn trong bối cảnh hội nhập quốc tế")
* "*Building projects and raising capital for film production*" (Vietnamese: "Xây dựng dự án và huy động vốn sản xuất phim")
* "*Introducing filmmaking with HD technology and mobile film projection*" (Vietnamese: "Giới thiệu làm phim công nghệ HD và công tác chiếu phim lưu động")

### Inadequacy

This Vietnam Film Festival does not have a festival space with a large square for flags to fly, for the public to meet and interact with artists. Artist Quyen Linh expressed regret that he did not have the opportunity to interact with the public on the opening night because the audience was separated by barriers from the artist. The opening night space of the festival is confined to the premises of the White Place convention center, a convention center with limited height, causing the images to be miniaturized, torn apart within the low wall and lost impression.

Because the stage space is too small to match the scale of the festival, the opening dance performance in the opening ceremony was staged very elaborately and colorfully, but still had the appearance of a performance. fashion. The catwalk nature of the opening night stage of the film festival was enhanced when the girls, who were mostly models, appeared in a few dramas and walked around the stage as emerging movie actors, making viewers think of beauty contests.

Even when the closing ceremony and awarding ceremony are held in a more spacious and airy space than Hoa Binh theater, artists are not properly honored, even award winners are herded to sit on guard, it was very inconvenient to get on stage when his name was called.

## Official Selection

### Feature film

| Original title | English title | Director(s) | Production |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *14 ngày phép* | *14 Days* | Nguyễn Trọng Khoa | Chánh Phương Film |
| *Chơi vơi* | *Adrift* | Bùi Thạc Chuyên | Feature Film Studio I |
| *Chuyện tình xa xứ* | *Passport to Love* | Victor Vu | Wonderboy Entertainment |
| *Duyên trần thoát tục* |  | Lê Cung Bắc | Senafilm |
| *Được sống* |  | Lê Ngọc Linh | VFS |
| *Đừng đốt* | *Don't Burn* | Đặng Nhật Minh | Hodafilm |
| *Em muốn làm người nổi tiếng* |  | Nguyễn Đức Việt | Hodafilm |
| *Giải cứu thần chết* | *Saving The Death* | Nguyễn Quang Dũng | Galaxy Studio |
| *Hoài vũ trắng* |  | Đào Duy Phúc | Feature Film Studio I |
| *Huyền thoại bất tử* | *The Legend Is Alive* | Lưu Huỳnh | Phước Sang Film |
| *Không cân sức* | *Unbalanced* | Trần Ngọc Phong | Giải Phóng Film |
| *Mười* | *Muoi: The Legend of a Portrait* | Kim Tae-kyeong | Bily Pictures, Phước Sang Film |
| *Rừng đen* | *Black Forest* | Vương Đức | VFS |
| *Trái tim bé bỏng* | *The Little Heart* | Nguyễn Thanh Vân | VFS |
| *Trăng nơi đáy giếng* | *The Moon at the Bottom of the Well* | Nguyễn Vinh Sơn | Giải Phóng Film |

Highlighted title indicates Golden Lotus winner.

## Awards

### Feature film

| Award | | Winner |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Film** | **Golden Lotus** | ***Don't Burn*** |
| | **Silver Lotus** | ***The Moon at the Bottom of the Well***
***Black Forest*** |
| | **Jury's Merit** | ***The Little Heart***
***The Legend Is Alive*** |
| | **Press Choice** | ***Don't Burn*** |
| | **Audience Choice** | ***14 Days*** |
| **Best Director** | | **Bùi Thạc Chuyên*****Adrift*** |
| **Best Actor** | | **Dustin Nguyễn*****The Legend Is Alive*** |
| **Best Actress** | | **Đỗ Nguyễn Lan Hà*****The Little Heart*** |
| **Best Supporting Actor** | | **Bình Minh*****14 Days*** |
| **Best Supporting Actress** | | **Hồng Ánh*****The Little Heart*** |
| **Best Screenplay** | | **Đặng Nhật Minh*****Don't Burn*** |
| **Best Cinematography** | | **Lý Thái Dũng*****Adrift*** |
| **Best Art Design** | | **Lã Quý Tùng*****Adrift*** |
| **Best Original Score** | | **Đức Trí*****The Legend Is Alive*** |

#### Direct-to-video

| Award | | Winner |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Film** | **Golden Lotus** | ***13 bến nước*** |
| | **Silver Lotus** | ***Đường đua***
***Cây bán mệnh*** |
| | **Jury's Merit** | ***Mai Hạc***
***Ngôi nhà bí ẩn*** |
| **Best Director** | | **Đặng Thái Huyền*****13 bến nước*** |
| **Best Actor** | | **Trung Hiếu*****13 bến nước*** |
| **Best Actress** | | **Hoàng Lan*****13 bến nước*** |
| **Best Supporting Actor** | | **Chu Sơn Tùng*****Âm sắc màn đêm*** |
| **Best Supporting Actress** | | **Tuyết Liên*****13 bến nước*** |
| **Best Screenplay** | | **Huy Thành*****Đường đua*** |
| **Best Cinematography** | | **Trịnh Quang Tùng*****13 bến nước*** |
| **Best Art Design** | | **Lã Quý Tùng*****Ngôi nhà bí ẩn*** |
| **Best Original Score** | | **Hoàng Lương*****Âm sắc màn đêm*** |

### Documentary/Science film

#### Documentary film

| Award | | Winner |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Film** | **Golden Lotus** | ***Đất lạnh*** |
| | **Silver Lotus** | ***Đất tổ quê cha***
***Những hy sinh thầm lặng*** |
| | **Jury's Merit** | ***Đám mây không dừng lại***
***Tướng Đồng Sỹ Nguyên với Trường sơn huyền thoại*** |
| **Best Director** | | **Lê Hồng Chương*****Ký ức Trường Sơn*** |
| **Best Screenplay** | | **Phan Huyền Thư*****Chất xám*** |
| **Best Cinematography** | | **Nguyễn Quốc Thành*****Đám mây không dừng lại*** |

#### Science film

| Award | | Winner |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Film** | **Golden Lotus** | ***Nước ngầm cảnh báo*** |
| | **Silver Lotus** | ***Cá rạn san hô*** |
| | **Jury's Merit** | ***Nghệ thuật ngụy trang quân sự***
***Rùa biển Việt Nam*** |

### Animated film

| Award | | Winner |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Film** | **Golden Lotus** | ***Thỏ và Rùa*** |
| | **Silver Lotus** | ***Ve Vàng và Dế Lửa***
***Bước nhảy của Châu Chấu*** |
| | **Jury's Merit** | ***Chim cút làm tổ***
***Chuyện cổ Loa thành*** |
| **Best Director** | | **Huỳnh Vĩnh Sơn*****Thỏ và Rùa*** |
| **Best Screenplay** | | **Huyền Vũ**, **Mỹ Linh*****Thỏ và Rùa*** |
| **Best Original Score** | | **Hoàng Lương*****Sự tích đảo Bà*** |

## InfoBox

Liên hoan phim Việt Nam lần thứ 16
(16th Vietnam Film Festival)
| Location | Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1970 |
| Awards | Golden Lotus:
***Đừng đốt*** (Feature)
***13 bến nước*** (Direct-to-video Feature)
***Đất lạnh*** (Documentary)
***Nước ngầm cảnh báo*** (Science)
***Thỏ và Rùa*** (Animated) |
| Hosted by | Thanh Bạch, Hồng Phượng |
| Festival date | December 8 - December 12, 2009 |
| Website | 16th Vietnam Film Festival |


title: Cariporide

abstract: Cariporide is a selective Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor. Cariporide has been shown to actively suppress the cell death caused by oxidative stress. Cariporide is a potent NHE1 inhibitor is may also be useful for treatment of cancer.

text:
# Cariporide

**Cariporide** is a selective Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor. Cariporide has been shown to actively suppress the cell death caused by oxidative stress.

Cariporide is a potent NHE1 inhibitor is may also be useful for treatment of cancer.

## Mechanism of action

Cariporide targets and inhibits the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) isoform 1, which is ubiquitously expressed and involved in pH regulation of the myocardium. During myocardial ischemia, NHE activation leads to an influx of Na+ and, upon reperfusion, reverses the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and results in an overload of intracellular Ca2+. By inhibiting the NHE1, cariporide limits the early influx of Na+ and lends a cardioprotective effect upon ischemia/reperfusion. Additionally, cariporide slows the normalization of cellular pH following an H+ efflux during reperfusion triggered by ischemia-induced acidosis.

It is hypothesized that cariporide may also serve as a highly selective target for anti-cancer therapy through the inhibition of NHE1 in tumor cells (see Continuing Research).

## Clinical trials

### Phase I

Following experimental research into NHE-activation and its effects on myocardial injury, cariporide was proposed for a Phase I trial to test whether inhibition of the NHE approves myocardial function in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PCTA). Results of this trial were published in 2000. A group of 100 individuals were placed in two trial groups. The first group was given a 40-mg intravaneous bolus dose of cariporide prior to reperfusion. A second group was given a placebo. 21 days post-injection, patients in the cariporide group showed a number of improvements over the placebo group. This trial proved NHE inhibition with cariporide may be an effective way to aid recovery post-PCTA.

### Phase II/Phase III: GUARDIAN trial

Acute coronary syndrome, including heart attack or unstable angina, is the number one cause of death in America. The Guard During Ischemia Against Necrosis (GUARDIAN) trial was conducted to determine whether cariporide reduced the incidence of mortality and myocardial infarction in at-risk patients. It was the first large-scale trial to determine the efficacy and safety of cariporide. The trial began in May 1997 and patients were enrolled until April 1999. A total of 382 investigative sites were chosen in 23 countries, totaling 11,590 patients. Patients were split between four study groups: placebo, 20, 80 or 120 mg doses as 60-minute infusions three times daily.

The primary goals of the GUARDIAN trial were to assess (1) the rate of death or myocardial infarction at day 36 in the four trial groups and (2) the large-scale safety and side effects associated with cariporide. Results showed that 20- and 80-mg doses were statistically similar to the placebo group, while the 120-mg group showed a 10% relative risk reduction and similar mortality rates. While cariporide showed efficacy for certain sub-groups of patients at varying drug concentrations, overall the GUARDIAN trial showed that cariporide did not significantly reduce patient risk of myocardial infarction or mortality.

Despite this result, cariporide showed promise in the post-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) sub-group of patients. Here, there was a 25% reduction in post-surgery mortality or MI, suggesting that high-doses and prolonged releases of cariporide may be efficacious for high-risk patients.

### Phase III: EXPEDITION trial

The Sodium-Proton Exchange Inhibition to Prevent Coronary Events in Acute Cardiac Conditions (EXPEDITION) trial was a Phase III trial to assess the efficacy and safety of cariporide in patients who have received a CABG surgery. 5,761 patients were accepted from July 2001 to July 2002 and were placed in two trial groups. The first group received a consecutive dosing regimen detailed in the table below:

| Pre-Op | 180-mg, 1-hour |
| --- | --- |
| \< 24h Post-Op | 40 mg/hr |
| \> 24h Post-Op, \< 48h Post-Op | 20 mg/hr |

The second group received a placebo. The results of the trial showed a statistically significant decline in mortality or myocardial infarction from 20.3% to 16.6%. However, when looked at individually, the rate of myocardial infarction declined from 18.9% to 14.4%, while mortality increased 0.7%. Due to the increase in mortality, cariporide did not pass clinical trials. However, these studies showed for the first time that inhibition of the NHE affords protection to the myocardium and research into decoupling its adverse effects on mortality from its protective effects is ongoing.

## Dosing

In all clinical trials, cariporide was given was an intravenous injection. Early clinical trials (see Phase I) showed significant improvements over a placebo at a 40-mg dose prior to arterial surgery. Both Phase III clinical trials for cariporide conclude that it is highly dose-dependent. While earlier trials showed that high doses of cariporide (120-mg, three times daily) may increase efficacy, the EXPEDITION trial found an increased rate of mortality associated with these higher doses.

## Side effects

The largest clinical trial for cariporide found no significant adverse effects of cariporide on patients (see Phase III: GUARDIAN Trial). However, a later clinical trial found dose-dependent increases in mortality for patients using cariporide post-CABG (see Phase III: EXPEDITION Trial).

## Research

Since the findings of the EXPEDITION trial in 2003, research into cariporide has slowed. The increased risk of mortality associated with high concentrations and the lack of efficacy at low concentration make it unlikely that cariporide will reach market as a cardioprotective agent during ischaemia and reperfusion.

However, more recent research has been conducted into cariporide as an anti-cancer treatment. Through its inhibition of NHE1, cariporide may provide a mechanism for initiating internal acidification of cancer cells leading to apoptosis. Cancer cells utilize NHE1 in a unique mechanism of providing high intracellular pH and low extracellular pH, preventing internal acidification and leading to an efflux of H+ from tumor cells.

## Patents

The first patent pertaining to cariporide use was submitted March 30, 1994 as an antiarrhythmic agent and was granted on January 8, 1997. Since then, multiple patents have been issued for the use, delivery, and investigation of cariporide. However, no drug has been approved and marketed with cariporide.

## InfoBox

Cariporide
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical data | |
| Other names | HOE642 |
| ATC code | * none |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * *N*-(Diaminomethylidene)-3-methanesulfonyl-4-(propan-2-yl)benzamide | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C12H17N3O3S |
| Molar mass | 283.35 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * O=S(=O)(c1cc(ccc1C(C)C)C(=O)/N=C(\N)N)C | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C12H17N3O3S/c1-7(2)9-5-4-8(11(16)15-12(13)14)6-10(9)19(3,17)18/h4-7H,1-3H3,(H4,13,14,15,16) * Key:IWXNYAIICFKCTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |


title: Rakesh Pattnaik

abstract: Rakesh Pattnaik is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut on 26 February 2021, for Odisha in the 2020–21 Vijay Hazare Trophy.

text:
# Rakesh Pattnaik

**Rakesh Pattnaik** (born 30 June 1992) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut on 26 February 2021, for Odisha in the 2020–21 Vijay Hazare Trophy.

## InfoBox

Rakesh Pattnaik
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1992-06-30) 30 June 1992<br>Khordha,Odisha, India |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm offbreak |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 2020/21 | Odisha |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 26 February 2021 | |


title: Symphony No. 23 (Mozart)

abstract:
The Symphony No. 23 in D major, K. 181/162b, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was dated as complete on May 19, 1773. It is sometimes called "Overture", even though the autograph score bears the title "Sinfonia". The symphony is scored for 2 oboes, 2 horns in D, 2 trumpets in D, and strings.
  - Mozart wrote the symphony as a single uninterrupted movement consisting of 3 distinct tempi:
  - Allegro spiritoso, ⁴4
  - Andantino grazioso, ⁳8 in G major
  - Presto assai, ⁲4

text:
# Symphony No. 23 (Mozart)

The **Symphony No. 23** in D major, K. 181/162b, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was dated as complete on May 19, 1773. It is sometimes called "Overture", even though the autograph score bears the title "Sinfonia". The symphony is scored for 2 oboes, 2 horns in D, 2 trumpets in D, and strings.

Mozart wrote the symphony as a single uninterrupted movement consisting of 3 distinct tempi:

1. Allegro spiritoso, **4**
**4**
2. Andantino grazioso, **3**
**8** in G major
3. Presto assai, **2**
**4**

**Sources**

* Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (2005). *Die Sinfonien*. Vol. III. Translated by Robinson, J. Branford. Kassel: Bärenreiter-Verlag. ISMN 9790006204663.


title: Sal Leanti

abstract: Sal Leanti is a retired American soccer player who played three seasons in the USISL A-League. Leanti attended the Fordham University, playing on the men's soccer team from 1994 to 1996. On March 23, 1997, Leanti signed with the Long Island Rough Riders of the USISL A-League. He played the 1997 and 1998 seasons with Long Island. On February 1, 1998, the MetroStars selected Leanti in the third round of the 1998 MLS Supplemental Draft. The MetroStars released him during the pre-season. On April 1, 1999, Leanti moved to the Staten Island Vipers. After retiring from professional soccer, Leanti continued to play amateur, most notably for the Silver Lake Soccer Club of Staten Island,which competed in the Cosmopolitan Soccer League.

text:
# Sal Leanti

**Sal Leanti** (born June 16, 1976) is a retired American soccer player who played three seasons in the USISL A-League.

Leanti attended the Fordham University, playing on the men's soccer team from 1994 to 1996.

On March 23, 1997, Leanti signed with the Long Island Rough Riders of the USISL A-League. He played the 1997 and 1998 seasons with Long Island. On February 1, 1998, the MetroStars selected Leanti in the third round (twenty-eight overall) of the 1998 MLS Supplemental Draft. The MetroStars released him during the pre-season. On April 1, 1999, Leanti moved to the Staten Island Vipers. After retiring from professional soccer, Leanti continued to play amateur, most notably for the Silver Lake Soccer Club of Staten Island ,which competed in the Cosmopolitan Soccer League.

## InfoBox

Sal Leanti
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1976-06-16) June 16, 1976 | | |
| Place of birth | Staten Island, NY, United States | | |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender / Midfielder | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1994–1996 | Fordham Rams | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1997–1998 | Long Island Rough Riders | 47 | (6) |
| 1999 | Staten Island Vipers | 18 | (2) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Canon EF 35mm lens

abstract:
The Canon EF 35mm lenses are a family of wide angle prime lenses with EF mount made by Canon Inc. The family also includes one EF-S lens that only mounts on Canon bodies with APS-C sensors. Focal lengths at 35mm or less are considered wide angle on 135 film and full-frame digital bodies. This focal length is commonly used for group portraits, landscapes, street photography, and general purpose photography, due to its relatively wide-angle views and low distortion characteristics. Four EF and one EF-S 35mm lenses have been developed. Two of these are L series lens. Three of the five lenses are currently available.
  - f/1.4L USM
  - f/1.4L II USM
  - f/2
  - f/2 IS USM
  - EF-S f/2.8 Macro IS STM Due to the crop factor of Canon APS-C (1.6x) and APS-H (1.3x) sensors, all of the 35mm lenses have a equivalent focal length of 56mm and 45.5mm respectively.

text:
# Canon EF 35mm lens

The **Canon EF 35mm** lenses are a family of wide angle prime lenses with EF mount made by Canon Inc. The family also includes one EF-S lens that only mounts on Canon bodies with APS-C sensors.

Focal lengths at 35mm or less are considered wide angle on 135 film and full-frame digital bodies. This focal length is commonly used for group portraits, landscapes, street photography, and general purpose photography, due to its relatively wide-angle views and low distortion characteristics.

Four EF and one EF-S 35mm lenses have been developed. Two of these are L series lens. Three of the five lenses are currently available (the f/1.4L II USM, the f/2 IS USM and the EF-S f/2.8 Macro IS STM).

* f/1.4L USM
* f/1.4L II USM
* f/2
* f/2 IS USM
* EF-S f/2.8 Macro IS STM

Due to the crop factor of Canon APS-C (1.6x) and APS-H (1.3x) sensors, all of the 35mm lenses have a equivalent focal length of 56mm and 45.5mm respectively.

## EF 35mm f/1.4L USM

The **EF 35mm f/1.4L USM** is a professional L series lens. It is constructed with a metal body. Features of this lens are a wide rubber focus ring that is damped, and a distance window with infrared index. The maximum aperture of f/1.4 gives this lens the ability to create shallow depth of field and smooth bokeh effects. The optical construction of this lens contains 11 lens elements in 9 groups, including one ground and polished aspherical lens element. It uses a rear floating focusing system, powered by a ring type USM motor. Autofocus speed of this lens is very fast, and the front of the lens neither rotates nor extends when focusing.

## EF 35mm f/1.4L II USM

The **EF 35mm f/1.4L II USM** is a successor of the EF 35mm f/1.4L USM. It was announced at the 27th of August 2015 and is available since October same year. The EF 35mm f/1.4L II USM lens is the first lens in Canon line up to use a Blue Spectrum Refractive Optics element (BR element) to reduce the chromatic aberration at the blue end of the spectrum. This results in a better optical quality. Further it has, according to Canon, an improved weather sealing. On other hand it is roughly 20 mm longer and 180 g heavier.

## EF 35mm f/2

The **EF 35mm f/2** is a prosumer level lens. It is constructed with a plastic body and a metal mount. This lens features a distance window with infrared index. The maximum aperture of f/2 gives this lens the ability to create depth of field effects, but not to the same shallowness of the EF 35mm f/1.4L USM, while its five-blade diaphragm may produce background blur (bokeh). The optical construction of this lens contains seven lens elements, without any special lens elements. It uses a linear extension focusing system, powered by an AFD motor. Auto focus speed of this lens is moderately fast, but focusing does make some sound. The front of the lens does not rotate when focusing, but does extend.

## EF 35mm f/2 IS USM

The **EF 35mm f/2** is an enthusiast-level lens. Like the original version of the f/2 lens, it has a plastic body and a metal mount, but adds image stabilization. It also has an eight-blade diaphragm with rounded blades, as opposed to the eight non-rounded blades of the f/1.4L lens and the five non-rounded blades of the original f/2 model. This lens features a distance window with infrared index. The optical construction of this lens contains 10 elements in 8 groups, including one molded aspherical element. It uses a ring-type USM motor. The front of the lens neither rotates nor extends when focusing.

## EF-S 35mm f/2.8 Macro IS STM

The **EF-S 35 mm f/2.8 Macro IS STM**, like all other EF-S lenses, can only be mounted to a Canon camera with EF-S mount and not to a camera with EF mount. The lens has image stabilization and uses a Stepping motor for the focus. It is the first 35mm lens from Canon with macro capability. It supports a magnification up to 1:1, and also includes a built-in ring light.

## Specifications

| Attribute | EF f/1.4L USM | EF f/1.4L II USM | EF f/2 | EF f/2 IS USM | EF-S f/2.8 Macro IS STM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Image |  |  |  |  |  |
| Key features | | | | | |
| Full-frame compatible | Yes | | | | No |
| Image stabilizer | No | | | Yes | |
| Ultrasonic Motor | Yes | | No | Yes | No |
| Stepping Motor | No | | | | Yes |
| L-series | Yes | | No | | |
| Environmental Sealing | No | Yes | No | | |
| Diffractive Optics | No | | | | |
| Macro | No | | | | Yes |
| Technical data | | | | | |
| Maximum aperture | 1.4 | | 2 | | 2.8 |
| Minimum aperture | 22 | | | | 32 |
| Horizontal viewing angle | 54° | | | | 35°55' |
| Diagonal viewing angle | 63° | | | | 42°35' |
| Vertical viewing angle | 38° | | | | 24°20' |
| Groups/elements | 9/11 | 11/14 | 5/7 | 8/10 | 6/10 |
| \# of diaphragm blades | 8 | 9 | 5 | 8 | 7 |
| Closest focusing distance | 1.0 ft/0.3 m | 0.92 ft/0.28 m | 0.8 ft/0.25 m | 0.79 ft/0.24 m | 0.13 m (5.1 in) |
| Max. magnification | 0.18× | 0.21× | 0.23× | 0.24× |  |
| Physical data | | | | | |
| Weight | 1.27 lb/580 g | 1.67 lb/760 g | 0.46 lb/210 g | 0.74 lb/335 g | 190 g (6.7 oz) |
| Maximum diameter | 3.1 "/79.0 mm | 3.2 "/80.4 mm | 2.7 "/67.4 mm | 3.1 "/77.9 mm | 69.2 mm (2.72 in) |
| Length | 3.4 "/86.0 mm | 4.2 "/105.5 mm | 1.7 "/42.5 mm | 2.5 "/62.6 mm | 55.8 mm (2.20 in) |
| Filter diameter | 72 mm | | 52 mm | 67 mm | 49 mm (attached to Hood) |
| Accessories | | | | | |
| Lens Caps | E-72 II | | E-52 / E-52 II | E-67 II | EF-S35 |
| Lens hood | EW-78C | EW-77B | EW-65 II | EW-72 | ES-27 |
| Case | LP1219 | | LP1011 | LP1116 | LP1014 |
| Retail information | | | | | |
| Release date | December 1998 | August 2015 | October 1990 | December 2012 | April 2017 |
| Currently in production? | No | Yes | No | No | No |
| MSRP | $1479 | $1799 | $320 | $600 | $349.99 |
| Street Price | $1200 |  | $220 | $600 |  |


title: Psilocybe zapotecocaribaea

abstract: Psilocybe zapotecocaribaea is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. The mushroom contains the medicinal compound psilocybin. It is in the section Zapotecorum of the genus Psilocybe, other members of this section include Psilocybe muliercula, Psilocybe angustipleurocystidiata, Psilocybe aucklandii, Psilocybe collybioides, Psilocybe kumaenorum, Psilocybe zapotecorum, Psilocybe kumaenorum, Psilocybe subcaerulipes, Psilocybe pintonii, Psilocybe moseri, Psilocybe zapotecoantillarum, and Psilocybe antioquiensis.

text:
# Psilocybe zapotecocaribaea

***Psilocybe zapotecocaribaea*** is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. The mushroom contains the medicinal compound psilocybin. It is in the section *Zapotecorum* of the genus *Psilocybe*, other members of this section include *Psilocybe muliercula*, *Psilocybe angustipleurocystidiata*, *Psilocybe aucklandii*, *Psilocybe collybioides*, *Psilocybe kumaenorum*, *Psilocybe zapotecorum*, *Psilocybe kumaenorum*, *Psilocybe subcaerulipes*, *Psilocybe pintonii*, *Psilocybe moseri*, *Psilocybe zapotecoantillarum*, and *Psilocybe antioquiensis*.

## InfoBox

| *Psilocybe zapotecocaribaea* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Hymenogastraceae |
| Genus: | *Psilocybe* |
| Species: | ***P. zapotecocaribaea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Psilocybe zapotecocaribaea***<br>Guzmán, Ram.-Guill. & T.J. Baroni | |
|


title: Terry Lupton

abstract: Terry Martin Lupton is a successful songwriter and producer based in Los Angeles. His songwriting catalogue include almost 100 commercially published songs, due to the databases of BMI and ASCAP.

text:
# Terry Lupton

**Terry Martin Lupton** is a successful songwriter and producer based in Los Angeles.

His songwriting catalogue include almost 100 commercially published songs, due to the databases of BMI and ASCAP.

## His work

He wrote songs for the following artists:

* 1988 on the album "Apollonia" by Apollonia Kotero
* 1989 on the album "The Party" by The Party
* 1991 on the album "Michael Learns to Rock" by Michael Learns to Rock
* 1992 on the album "Something Real" by Stephanie Mills
* 1993 on the album "Joey Lawrence" by Joey Lawrence
* 2000 on the album "Steamin'" by Scott Ellison
* 2003 on the album "Bad Case of the Blues" by Scott Ellison
* 2004 on the album "Everyday's Another Chance" by Jamie Stevens
* 2005 on the album "All The Girls I Am" by Jeannie Kendall
* the song "Shine em up" by Keely Hawkes on the album "Shake it up"

Visit Terry Lupton's Official Website at http://terrylupton.net


title: Cathedral (children's book)

abstract: Cathedral: The Story of its Construction is an illustrated book by David Macaulay. Published in 1973 by Houghton Mifflin, it was the author's first book. Cathedral tells the story of the construction of a great medieval cathedral using pen-and-ink drawings. It won the 1975 Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis for children's non-fiction. It was adapted into a television documentary in 1986.

text:
# Cathedral (children's book)

***Cathedral: The Story of its Construction*** is an illustrated book by David Macaulay. Published in 1973 by Houghton Mifflin, it was the author's first book.

*Cathedral* tells the story of the construction of a great medieval cathedral using pen-and-ink drawings. It won the 1975 Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis for children's non-fiction. It was adapted into a television documentary in 1986.

Teaching resources PBS documentary

## InfoBox

Cathedral: The Story of its Construction
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | David Macaulay |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Houghton Mifflin |
| Publication date | 1973 |
| Publication place | United States of America |
| Pages | 80 |
| ISBN | 978-0-395-17513-2 |


title: Kõrveküla, Tapa Parish

abstract: Kõrveküla is a village in Tapa Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia. According to the 2021 census, the population of the village is 24 people.

text:
# Kõrveküla, Tapa Parish

**Kõrveküla** is a village in Tapa Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia. According to the 2021 census, the population of the village is 24 people.

59°13′27″N 25°40′03″E / 59.22417°N 25.66750°E / 59.22417; 25.66750

## InfoBox

| Kõrveküla | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Country | Estonia |
| County | Lääne-Viru County |
| Parish | Tapa Parish |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: 1631

abstract: 1631 (MDCXXXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1631st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 631st year of the 2nd millennium, the 31st year of the 17th century, and the 2nd year of the 1630s decade. As of the start of 1631, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

text:
# 1631

1631 in various calendars
| Gregorian calendar | 1631
*MDCXXXI* |
| --- | --- |
| Ab urbe condita | 2384 |
| Armenian calendar | 1080
ԹՎ ՌՁ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6381 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1552–1553 |
| Bengali calendar | 1038 |
| Berber calendar | 2581 |
| English Regnal year | 6 Cha. 1  7 Cha. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2175 |
| Burmese calendar | 993 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7139–7140 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚午年 (Metal Horse)
4328 or 4121
*to*
辛未年 (Metal Goat)
4329 or 4122 |
| Coptic calendar | 1347–1348 |
| Discordian calendar | 2797 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1623–1624 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5391–5392 |
| Hindu calendars |  |
| \- *Vikram Samvat* | 1687–1688 |
| \- *Shaka Samvat* | 1552–1553 |
| \- *Kali Yuga* | 4731–4732 |
| Holocene calendar | 11631 |
| Igbo calendar | 631–632 |
| Iranian calendar | 1009–1010 |
| Islamic calendar | 1040–1041 |
| Japanese calendar | Kan'ei 8
(寛永８年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1552–1553 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 10 days |
| Korean calendar | 3964 |
| Minguo calendar | 281 before ROC
民前281年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 163 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2173–2174 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳金马年
(male Iron-Horse)
1757 or 1376 or 604
*to*
阴金羊年
(female Iron-Goat)
1758 or 1377 or 605 |

**1631** (MDCXXXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1631st year of the Common Era (CE) and *Anno Domini* (AD) designations, the 631st year of the 2nd millennium, the 31st year of the 17th century, and the 2nd year of the 1630s decade. As of the start of 1631, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

## Events

### JanuaryMarch

### AprilJune

### JulySeptember

### OctoberDecember

### Date unknown

## Births

### JanuaryMarch

### AprilJune

### JulySeptember

### OctoberDecember

### Date unknown

## Deaths

## InfoBox

| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
| --- | --- |
| Centuries: |  |
| Decades: |  |
| Years: |  |