title: Rüdiger Mielke

abstract: Rüdiger Mielke was a German football player. His career for Meidericher SV ended due to injury. He scored 15 goals in 15 Bundesliga matches.

text:
# Rüdiger Mielke

**Rüdiger Mielke** (4 September 1944 – 18 December 2021) was a German football player. His career for Meidericher SV (in 1967 renamed as *MSV Duisburg*) ended due to injury. He scored 15 goals in 15 Bundesliga matches.

## Career

Mielke made both part of the youth and the second team of Meidericher SV before becoming part of the first team in 1965. On 10 April 1965 he debuted in Bundesliga against 1. FC Nürnberg and directly scored his first goal. At the beginning of the following season 1965-66 he missed the first matches under the direction of the new coach Hermann Eppenhoff and then made only occasionally part of the team. On 26 March 1966 he scored four goals during an away match against SC Tasmania 1900 Berlin. Meiderich won this match by 9-0 which meant the highest away victory in the history of Bundesliga. Mielke was not only the most important goal scorer during this match but also during the season 1965-66. He scored 14 goals and thereby passed national team player Werner Krämer (13 goals) although he only took part in 13 of 34 matches. Along with an eighth rank in Bundesliga Meidericher SV achieved the qualification for the 1966 cup final. He had already scored two goals in previous cup matches and was able to shoot the first goal for Meiderich against FC Bayern München but then lost by 2-4 with his team. Even though the match was lost, national coach Helmut Schön invited 21-year-old Mielke to take part in a national team training course.

He suffered a serious knee injury in the summer of 1966, had to stop playing for several months and was not able to reintegrate the team of Meidericher SV/MSV Duisburg during the rest of the season 1966-67. His professional career definitely ended in 1967 after 15 Bundesliga matches with already 15 goals, the highest away victory ever in Bundesliga, a participation in a cup final and an invitation of the national coach. Mielke became part of the team of Verbandsliga Westfalen 2 (third division) club SG Wattenscheid 09 for some time and then focused on his non-sport professional career.

1. "MSV Duisburg: Trauer um Stürmer Rüdiger Mielke (MSV Duisburg: Mourning for striker Rüdiger Mielke)" (in German). NRZ. 23 December 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
2. Dagmar Dahmen, Hermann Kewitz, Bernd Bemmann: *MSV Duisburg - die Chronik: wo Meiderich siegt ...*. Mercator-Verlag, Duisburg 2005, p. 88
3. Der andere Bella. WAZ. 26 December 2009. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
4. Rüdiger Mielke, fussballdaten.de. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
5. Dagmar Dahmen, Hermann Kewitz, Bernd Bemmann: *MSV Duisburg - die Chronik: wo Meiderich siegt ...*. Mercator-Verlag, Duisburg 2005, p. 89
6. Deutsche Fußball Route Archived 2016-03-23 at the Wayback Machine, msv-duisburg.de. Retrieved on 6 April 2016
7. Dagmar Dahmen, Hermann Kewitz, Bernd Bemmann: *MSV Duisburg - die Chronik: wo Meiderich siegt ...*. Mercator-Verlag, Duisburg 2005, p. 92
8. Radio Monte Carlo erklärt mit MSV-Torschützen die Welt, zebrastreifenblog.wordpress.de. 28 April 2010. Retrieved on 6 April 2016.

## InfoBox

Rüdiger Mielke
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1944-09-04)4 September 1944 | | |
| Date of death | 18 December 2021(2021-12-18) (aged 77) | | |
| Position(s) | Striker | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1965–1967 | Meidericher SV/ MSV Duisburg | 15 | (15) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Saint-Sauveur de Villeloin Abbey

abstract: The Abbey of Saint-Sauveur de Villeloin is a former Benedictine abbey located in Villeloin-Coulangé, in the French department of Indre-et-Loire. It was founded during the ninth century by two knights, Mainard and Mainerius. The abbey was destroyed by English troops in 1360 and again in 1412. The abbey became prosperous thanks to numerous donations. We know that Villeloin Abbey was important in terms of the number of monks and land holdings. On August 11, 1301, during his visit to Loches, Philippe le Bel stayed at the abbey. Left in ruins by the French Revolution, the abbey was listed in 1927. In 1921, two crosiers were discovered during excavations. The presence of these two crosiers in the environment of Villeloin Abbey gives an indication of its original location, founded as early as the ninth century, in the medieval period. These two objects, especially the enamelled crozier, were precious, very expensive and seem to indicate that their owners were abbots of some renown. The Abbey of Saint-Sauveur de Villeloin has been listed as a Monuments Historiques since 1927, by four different decrees. The church dates from the 12th century. The former priory, Renaissance pavilion and towers date from the 16th century. The former convent dates from the 17th century. Former church: listed by decree of March 18, 1927; facade and 17th-century portal of the former convent; door of the former chapel: listed by decree of May 20, 1927; former priory with Renaissance pavilion and turret; large entrance portal; the two towers of the drawbridge and the tower to the east of the drawbridge: listed by decree of May 20, 1927; Renaissance pavilion and large square tower: listed by decree of May 20, 1927.

text:
# Saint-Sauveur de Villeloin Abbey

The **Abbey of Saint-Sauveur de Villeloin** is a former Benedictine abbey located in Villeloin-Coulangé, in the French department of Indre-et-Loire. It was founded during the ninth century by two knights, Mainard and Mainerius. The abbey was destroyed by English troops in 1360 and again in 1412.

The abbey became prosperous thanks to numerous donations. We know that Villeloin Abbey was important in terms of the number of monks and land holdings. On August 11, 1301, during his visit to Loches, Philippe le Bel stayed at the abbey.

Left in ruins by the French Revolution, the abbey was listed in 1927. In 1921, two crosiers were discovered during excavations. The presence of these two crosiers in the environment of Villeloin Abbey gives an indication of its original location, founded as early as the ninth century, in the medieval period. These two objects, especially the enamelled crozier, were precious, very expensive and seem to indicate that their owners were abbots of some renown.

The Abbey of Saint-Sauveur de Villeloin has been listed as a Monuments Historiques (in english: historical monument) since 1927, by four different decrees. The church dates from the 12th century. The former priory, Renaissance pavilion and towers date from the 16th century. The former convent dates from the 17th century. Former church: listed by decree of March 18, 1927; facade and 17th-century portal of the former convent; door of the former chapel: listed by decree of May 20, 1927; former priory with Renaissance pavilion and turret; large entrance portal; the two towers of the drawbridge and the tower to the east of the drawbridge: listed by decree of May 20, 1927; Renaissance pavilion and large square tower: listed by decree of May 20, 1927.

## History of the abbey

### Foundation

The chivalry Mainard intended to found a monastery, "*in pago videlicet Turonico, super fluvium cui nomen est Andrisco in loco qui dicitur, rustico vocàbulo, Villalupa.*" (sentence in Latin from the Cartulaire de Cormery, translated as follows: "*namely, in Touraine in the village, near the river, whose name is Andrisco in the place they say, whose rustic name was Villalupa*."). A diploma from Emperor Louis shows that, in the time of Charles II the Bald and in his own time, the brothers Mainard and Mainerius gave Audacher, abbot of Cormery, a place called Villeloin to build a new monastery in honor of the Holy Savior. But it was not Louis the Pious who did so, as Charles the Bald survived him. This charter may therefore be considered apocryphal. Nevertheless, Mainard and Mainerius were indeed the founders of Villeloin, and it was Abbot Audacher who presided over its construction. It was built during the reign of Charles II, King of the Franks, who in 850 gave his approval and placed it under the authority of the Cormery abbey (also run by Benedictines). Once completed, the basilica was consecrated by Archbishop Herard in 859, who decided, with Audacher's consent, that there should be at least twenty monks in the monastery. In the same way that Cormery depended on Saint-Martin, Villeloin was dependent on Cormery, and was initially run by the abbots of Cormery.

### Important events

In 965, the monks of Villeloin begged Guy d'Anjou, abbot of Cormery, to allow them to elect their own abbot, which he granted, and they elected Huncbertus, who was consecrated by Archbishop Hardouin.

After 1060. Foulques, Count of Anjou, granted Villeloin customs "in villa Hispaniacus, etc.". His warlord Lisois d'Amboise is buried in the abbey church (Jacques-Xavier Carré de Busserolle, tome VI, p. 421). In 1156, Pope Adrian IV confirmed their possessions; Innocent IV in 1253.

In 1301, King Philippe approved Charles le Chauve's diploma. On August 11, 1301, during his trip to Loches, Philippe le Bel stayed in the abbey: "*Later, a brilliant and numerous procession entered Villeloin, leaving the next day and crossing the forest to go to Loches; it was King Philippe le Bel, accompanied by his royal wife, Jeanne de Navarre, Countess of Champagne, Bric and Bigorre, daughter of Henri I, King of Navarre. The prince and princess stayed eight days in Loches and returned via Villeloin*".

We are also aware of the important donations that served as the economic basis for the community's life, notably that of the La Béraudière estate made in 1335 by Ingelger d'Amboise. A fine tithe barn still exists, outside the boundaries of the abbey depicted in the seventeenth-century engraving.

During the Hundred Years' War, Villeloin, like many abbeys, suffered from the war. The English seized it in 1360, establishing a large garrison that spread throughout the country. In 1361, the monks succeeded in buying back their convent from the occupiers for the substantial sum of 9,000 gold florins. Most of the ransom was paid by Gautier de Châteauchallons, a close associate of the Count of Auxerre. It was therefore a case of royal political intervention. This practice of buying back buildings and prisoners was common at the time.

The monastery buildings were devastated in 1412 by English troops. In the same year, the monks obtained from King Charles VI that the watch and guard of the abbey should be taken over by the inhabitants, who had previously performed these duties on behalf of Loches.

By the early 15th century, the buildings were in a very poor state of repair. Reconstruction began in 1417, but it was mainly after the Hundred Years' War, in 1464, that the fortifications were rebuilt for use during the Wars of Religion.

In 1664, Michel de Marolles, abbot of Villeloin, assembled a veritable treasure trove in his library. He had 150 coats of arms painted, representing Europe's major cities and luminaries. He collected 123,400 prints (including over 200 by Rembrandt) and over 400 large volumes.

In 1667, with the consent of the Abbé de Marolles, monks from the Congregation of Saint Maur entered the convent to establish the reform, which did not really take effect until January 1, 1669.

The departure in 1790 of the abbey's last four Benedictine monks (Emmanuel Charpentier, the prior, Maurice Vallère, François Lecoq and Jean-Louis de Maussabré, the monks) left the field open to various purchasers of *biens nationaux*. Each of them, in order to close themselves off from their neighbors, built walls using materials from demolished buildings. The church was destroyed shortly after the revolution.

### The abbey's annals from 1464 to 1629

The annals of Villeloin Abbey, from 1464 to 1629, are known precisely from a manuscript written in the same convent.

The Tours library holds an unnamed manuscript written in the seventeenth century; it was transcribed by a copyist under the very eyes of its author. The author is Pierre Brunet, whose name appears repeatedly in the manuscript and whose monogram appears at the head of the work.

Pierre Brunet, a Benedictine monk from Villeloin, successively held various positions in the abbey. After spending some time at the priory of Grandmont-Villiers, Brunet was received as a novice at Villeloin on February 20, 1588; and, as he was recognized as having solid intellectual qualities, he was given the task of teaching "grammar", which he did for four years. On February 26 of the following year, he was admitted to the Order of St. Benedict. Pierre Brunet celebrated his first mass on August 5, 1590, and his active mind and sound judgment led to him being asked on several occasions to take on difficult missions to defend the rights of the convent, particularly in Paris and Tours. On January 20, 1605, he was appointed to the "office de prevosté" and, a little later, to the "scribe du chapitre", a position he held until 1612.

In this capacity, under the Abbot's direction, Pierre Brunet classified and copied the various titles of the convent, which he collected in several carefully bound volumes, a task he had to interrupt due to illness. On March 22, 1613, he was chosen as sacristan, which led him to draw up the terrier (land register) of the property belonging to the sacristy, then to that belonging to the sub-priory, not without clarifying the various rights. Meanwhile, in 1617, his devotion led him to copy the Book of Spiritual Doctrine by Saint Étienne de Muret, founder of the Grandmont order, and the manuscript appears to be the one in the Tours library. The abbots, whom he often accompanied on their travels, successively entrusted him with the care of delicate affairs, or of winning the good graces of the most important figures. These testimonials of confidence were crowned by his appointment in May 1622 to the dignity of Prior, which established him as the monastic director of the convent, with the abbots, commendataires taking particular care of temporal matters.

In this role, Brunet brought the spirit of piety and regularity that had marked his entire career. In everything, he set the perfect example of a religious man. On more than one occasion, he did not hesitate to make his conscience heard when the interests of religious or the dignity of monastic life were not sufficiently respected and protected. With his noble, disinterested spirit, truly enamored of the beauty of the ascetic life in its highest sense, Brunet has well deserved both his convent and the Benedictine order in general.

Dom Brunet, with his distinguished and carefully ornamented intelligence, combined his taste for historical research with a knowledge of antiquity, and was very familiar with the classics. His first task was to write a simple, unpretentious history of the abbey, based on the documents kept in the chartrier and his personal recollections, under the title of "Mémoire". The first event refers to the year 1464, and the chronicle ends with the year 1629. In addition to recounting events relating to Conventual life, Brunet took special care to note the arts and the work carried out in the abbey and its outbuildings, making a valuable contribution to the artistic history of the region. The festivities, the visits of people of quality, the sumptuous existence of the abbots, the picture of feudal and rural life, the curious incidents, the thousand details of each day, give this account a very special interest. In addition, it frequently reflects public events and the deeds of several princes and great lords, especially in their dealings with the abbey.

Dom Brunet's temperament and culture attracted the attention of the Abbé de Marolles. The learned abbot was very fond of his prior and, in accordance with his remarks, was grateful for his excellent dispositions, particularly in his "laborious writings, and especially in the great Inventory of all the titles of the House of Nevers". Dom Brunet's chronicle is therefore a mine of precious information, which can be considered as an introduction to the Memoirs of the Abbé de Marolles.

Here is the title of this memoir: "Mémoire de plusieurs bastiments, reparations, dons et actes mémorables faictz tant par les Reverends abbés de ceste abbaye de Villeloing que religieux d'icelle depuis deus cents ans. 1629. ".

We do not know when Dom Brunet died. Why did he not continue writing his chronicle? Perhaps the reason lay in his proximity to the Abbé de Marolles. Knowing the abbot's intention to write a general history of Touraine, the Benedictine did not see fit to continue.

## The abbey's possessions

1207. Geoffroil de la Lande, archbishop of Tours, acknowledges the donation by Sulpice, lord of Amboise, of the island of Amboise to the monks of Villeloin. "De Insula Ambasioe.

1253. Pope Innocent IV confirms possession of "de Chedigne" (Chédigny), "de Chisseyo" (Chissay-en-Touraine), "de Chedon" (Saint-Julien-de-Chédon), "de Colengeio" (Coulangé), "de Francolio" (Francueil), "de Locheio" (Loches), "De Marioli" (Mareuil-sur-Cher), "de Montistessauri." (Montrésor), "de Sivraia" (Civray-sur-Cher, now Civray-de-Touraine), "de Suer." (Le Serrain, now Semblançay) and the church "de Espeigneio." (Épeigné-les-Bois)

1255. Pope Innocent IV confirms the donations and possessions of the Villeloin abbey "de Nogento" (Nouans-les-Fontaines).

The priories of Épeigné, Francueil, Saint-Martin-de-Verton, Saint-Sauveur d'Amboise, Saint-Pantaléon-de-Sur, Luçay-le-Mâle, Cros, Vou and Saint-Médard depended on the Villeloin abbey.

## Abbot listing

| List of abbots of Saint-Sauveur de Villeloin abbey from 965 to 1789 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| List based on *Dictionnaire géographique, historique et biographique d'Indre-et-Loire et de l'ancienne province de Touraine*, by Jacques-Xavier Carré de Busserolle. | | | |
|  | Beginning of abbacy | End of abbacy | Abbot |
| 1 | 965 | 966 | Guy |
| 2 | 966 | - | Humbert |
| 3 | - | - | Étienne - died around 1034. |
| 4 | - | - | Geoffroy - appears in a charter of 1060. |
| 5 | 1081 | - | Renaut |
| 6 | - | - | Geoffroy - mentioned in a charter from Saint-Julien abbey in 1091. |
| 7 | 1105 | - | Eude |
| 8 | 1140 | - | Renault |
| 9 | 1156 | - | Aimery |
| 10 | 1164 | - | Hervé |
| 11 | 1180 | - | Arnoul |
| 12 | 1190 | - | Hugues |
| 13 | 1200 | - | Gérard |
| 14 | 1220 | - | Renault |
| 15 | 1229 | - | Jean (In a charter by Geoffroy de Palluau -1229- and in a charter by Dreux de Mello -1230-) |
| 16 | 1232 | - | Gérard |
| 17 | 1238 | - | Thomas |
| 18 | - | - | Michel, died January 5, 1246 |
| 19 | 1248 | - | Robert |
| 20 | 1270 | - | Archambault, died around 1288 |
| 21 | 1293 | - | Jean |
| 22 | 1290 | - | Geoffroy Donil |
| 23 | 1308 | - | Jean du Mesnil |
| 24 | 1320 | 1339 | Hugues de Maraffin de Notz |
| 25 | 1341 | 1352 | Jehan Gastineau (cited in charters of 1341, 1343, 1347 and 1352) |
| 26 | May, 135 | - | Philippe Rigot de Luc, prior of Épeigné, died around 1357 |
| 27 | December 20, 1357 | - | Pierre, was still alive in 1377 |
| 28 | 1386 | 1414 | Bertrand de la Marche, died in 1414 |
| 29 | 1414 | - | Pierre Alain, mentioned in deeds of 1416, 1431, 1437 and 1438 |
| 30 | 1438 | - | Simon de Coucy (or Confis), died in 1471 |
| 31 | 1463 | - | Jean Geoffroy, died in 1471 |
| 32 | 1475 | 1483 | Jean de Barasc de Beduer, died May 31, 1495 |
| 33 | 1493 | - | Antoine de Barasc de Beduer, died in 1518 |
| 34 | 1519 | - | Jacques le Roy de Chavigny, became archbishop of Bourges, died 1572 |
| 35 | 1551 | 1557 | Robert de Lenoncourt, bishop, archbishop and cardinal, died February 2, 1561 |
| 36 | 1557 | - | Jean de la Rochefoucault, abbot of Villeloin, Cormery and Marmoutier died in 1583 |
| 37 | 1584 | - | Pierre Roussel |
| 38 | 1585 | 1597 | Antoine de Bruyères de Chalabre, Abbot of Fontaine-les-Blanches Abbey |
| 39 | 1597 | 1607 | Achille de Harlay de Sancy, became bishop of Saint-Malo, died November 26, 1646 |
| 40 | 1607 | 1626 | Gaillard de Cornac, died December 2, 1626 |
| 41 | December 5, 1626 | 1674 | Michel de Marolles |
| 42 | 1674 | 1709 | Gilles Brunet, chaplain of Sainte-Chapelle-de-Paris, died in 1709 |
| 43 | December 24, 1709 | 17554 | Justin de Lée, died in 1754 |
| 44 | 1754 | 1789 | Joseph-François-Xavier Rigault. The last abbot of Villeloin |

## Remarkable abbots

### Robert de Lénoncourt

Robert de Lénoncourt (b. 1510 \- d. February 2, 1561), who was Abbot of Villeloin between 1551 and 1557, was also Count-Bishop of Châlons-en-Champagne and Metz, Archbishop of Embrun, Auxerre, Sabine, Arles and Toulouse. He had already been a cardinal since 1538.

### Achille de Harlay de Sancy

Achille de Harlay de Sancy (b. Paris, 1581 - d. Saint-Malo, November 26, 1646), baron de Sancy, before becoming bishop of Saint-Malo, was abbot of Villeloin between 1597 and 1607.

### Michel de Marolles

Abbé Michel de Marolles (born in Genillé (Indre-et-Loire) on July 22, 1600; died in Paris on March 6, 1681) was a French translator and historian, renowned for his collection of prints. Tonsured in 1610, he was Abbé de Villeloin from 1626 to 1674. Author of numerous verse translations of Latin authors, he was a frequent visitor to salons, notably Madeleine de Scudéry's. Michel de Marolles, abbé de Villeloin, is best remembered for the collection of prints he amassed: over 120,000 engravings (including more than 200 by Rembrandt), which Colbert bought for King Louis XIV.

## Villeloin Abbey crosses

During work carried out in the Villeloin-Coulangé commune in the early 1920s, two abbey crooks were found:

A thirteenth-century pastoral crozier has been listed as a monuments historiques since July 9, 1921. It was unearthed by Monsieur Charles Paillaud on February 26, 1921. It was located in a tomb, under the paving of a room that was identified at the time as the former chapter house of the Saint-Sauveur de Villeloin abbey. This 0.16 m (0′ 6″) ivory crosier is dated to around the year 1200. It was found associated with the bronze bouterolle (or cuspes) that terminated its shaft. The Musée de Cluny was able to acquire this rare piece in April 1929. It is on display in the museum's ivory room.

A second crosier was unearthed in the same room as the first on July 13, 1921. It is a work of Limousin enameling. It was made around 1220-1235. Made of pressed copper, champlevé, engraved, enameled and gilded. Medium blue enamel. Height 32.7 cm - Width 18 cm. It shows the crowning of the Virgin Mary in the scroll and the Annunciation on the socket. For many years, it was on display at the Hôtel Goüin museum in Tours, now closed.

## Heraldry

## Bibliography

* *Le Patrimoine des Communes d'Indre et Loire : Centre*. Paris: Flohic éditions (published April 2001). 2001. ISBN 2-84234-115-5.
* Briais, Bernard (1984). *Loches et la Touraine du sud, Association pour la promotion du tourisme en pays Lochois/C.L.D*. Association pour la promotion du tourisme en pays Lochois/C.L.D. p. 158. ISBN 9782854430769.
* Ranjard, R. (1994). *La touraine archéologique : Guide du touriste en Indre-et-Loire*. Mayenne: Joseph Floch. p. 735. ISBN 2-85554-072-0.
* De Marolles, Michel (1655). *Mémoires de Michel de Marolles abbé de Villeloin avec des notes historiques et critiques*. Paris. p. 396.
* Germain, Dom Michel. "Matériaux du Monasticon Gallicanum". *Sancti Salvatoris Villæ Lupensis abbatiæ delineatio* (in Latin).
* "Cartulaire de l'abbaye Saint-Sauveur de Villeloin". *Archives du Cogner*. **H** (97) (1911 ed.).
* *copie : Bibliothèque Municipale du Mans*.
* "Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Sauveur de Villeloin". *Archives du Cogner*. **H** (97). Paris-Le Mans: J. Chappée, Le Mans. 1911.

**Dom Grammont**

* Grammont, Paul (1991). "Foi vivante". *Présence à Dieu, présence aux hommes* (in French). Paris: Cerf. p. 261. ISBN 978-2-204-04260-4.

### Ecumenism

* Fouilloux, Étienne (1982). *Les Catholiques et l'Unité Chrétienne du XIXe au xxe siècle*. Paris: éditions du Centurion. ISBN 978-2-227-31037-7.
* Simon, Monique (1997). *La vie monastique, lieu œcuménique dans le cœur de l'Église–communion*. Paris: éditions du Cerf. ISBN 978-2-204-05647-2.
* *Nouvelle histoire de l'Église*. Paris: éditions du Seuil. 1975.

### Geography

### History

### Politics and administration

1. texte, Société archéologique de Touraine Auteur du (1842). "Mémoires de la Société archéologique de Touraine. Série in-8". *Gallica*. Retrieved 2024-01-25.
2. "Ancienne abbaye Saint-Sauveur". *Plateforme ouverte du patrimoine*.
3. texte, Société archéologique de Touraine Auteur du (1857). "Mémoires de la Société archéologique de Touraine. Série in-8". *Gallica*. Retrieved 2024-01-25.
4. Carré de Busserolle, Jacques-Xavier (1823-1904) Auteur du texte (1878–1884). *Dictionnaire géographique, historique et biographique d'Indre-et-Loire et de l'ancienne province de Touraine : par J.-X. Carré de Busserolle,.... Tome VI*.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
5. Oury, Guy-Marie (1975). "La situation juridique des monastères de Cormery et de Villeloin sous l'abbatiat de Guy d'Anjou (v. 954-975)". *Bulletin de la société archéologique de Touraine*. **XXXVII**: 561.
6. Chapu, Philippe (1991). "L'Abbaye de Villeloin, visite guidée". *Bulletin de la société des amis du Pays Lochois - décembre 1991*. **7**. Loches: 169.
7. Besse, Jean-Martial (1861-1920) Auteur du texte; Beaunier, Charles (1676-1737) Auteur du texte (1920). *Abbayes et prieurés de l'ancienne France,.... 8, Province ecclésiastique de Tours / par le R. P. Dom J.-M. Besse*.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
8. Béguin, Guy (2007). "L'Abbaye Saint Sauveur". *Bulletin Municipal*: 9.
9. texte, Société archéologique de Touraine Auteur du (1910). "\[Bulletin et mémoire de la Société archéologique de Touraine\]". *Gallica*. Retrieved 2024-01-25.
10. "crosse pastorale (crosse abbatiale)". *Plateforme ouverte du patrimoine*.
11. du Chazaud, Guy (July 29, 1998). *Conservateur des antiquités et objets d'art d'Indre-et-Loire*.
12. Carré de Busserolle, Jacques-Xavier (1823-1904) Auteur du texte (1866–1867). *Armorial général de la Touraine; précédé d'une notice sur les ordonnances, édits, déclarations et règlements relatifs aux armoiries avant 1789. Tome 19 / par J.-X. Carré de Busserolle,...; publié par la "Société archéologique de Touraine"*.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

47°08′27″N 1°13′17″E / 47.1409°N 1.2215°E / 47.1409; 1.2215

## InfoBox

| Saint-Sauveur de Villeloin Abbey | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Catholic Church |
| District | Villeloin-Coulangé |
| Province | Indre-et-Loire |
| Region | Centre-Val de Loire |
| Location | |
| Country | France |
| Architecture | |
| Date established | 850 |


title: Organizational network analysis

abstract: Organizational network analysis (ONA) is a method for studying communication and socio-technical networks within a formal organization. This technique creates statistical and graphical models of the people, tasks, groups, knowledge and resources of organizational systems. It is based on social network theory and more specifically, dynamic network analysis.

text:
# Organizational network analysis

**Organizational network analysis** (ONA) is a method for studying communication and socio-technical networks within a formal organization. This technique creates statistical and graphical models of the people, tasks, groups, knowledge and resources of organizational systems. It is based on social network theory and more specifically, dynamic network analysis.

## Applications

ONA can be used in a variety of ways by managers, consultants, and executives.

### Network visualizations

There are several tools that allow managers to visually depict their employee networks. Most of the tools are built specifically for researchers and academics who study Network theory, but are relatively inexpensive to use, as long as the leaders are well-versed on how to capture the information, feed it into the tool in the correct formats, and understand how to "read" and translate the network graphs into business decisions.

### Innovation gauge

Several recent studies and research has highlighted that 'Psychological Safety' is the marker for an innovative team. This has been studied and published first by Google, in their Project Aristotle work as well as highlighted in *New York Times* and other research publications. Amy Edmondson is the preeminent scholar and researcher in this field who has worked across various industries to identify the benefits and even the characteristics of 'Psychological Safety' in teams.

ONA is now increasingly being used in this context to analyze the relationships developed within a given team, and for understanding how that team works as a unit to create this psychological safety for its members. This technique is more thorough than the traditional surveys.

### Employee engagement

Engagement surveys and other such culture surveys have become a mainstay of the workplace. However, one of the largest complaints from such surveys are that once managers see the results, often the aggregated sentiments of their employees, they are unsure of next steps and actions. Organizational Network Analysis, when combined with such engagement surveys, however change the way that leaders use and leverage these results. Because ONA allows managers to see the context behind the sentiments, they can actually understand how to correct or sustain these results. For example, if a company's engagement survey said 30% of the employees felt they are inadequately trained for their jobs, a manager would be perhaps inclined to either do nothing, or invest more in comprehensive training programs. However, doing an ONA alongside this might reveal to managers that employees are unhappy with training because they have limited access to institutional knowledge at the company. Then, instead of a training program, managers might simply work on ensuring their top knowledge hubs share their knowledge broadly, and have a longer, more sustainable improvement to the team's level of information and training.


title: Elena Queirolo

abstract: Elena Queirolo is an Uruguayan toxicology researcher and advocate who founded the Health Clinic for Environmental Chemical Contaminants at the Pereira Rossell Hospital, known as the Lead Clinic or Lead Polyclinic. She is affiliated with the Catholic University of Uruguay. The clinic was founded in April 2001 in response to the La Teja incident, in which the public became aware of lead and other chemical exposure to children. After the incident, the clinic and Queirolo became data collectors and advocates for establishing lead exposure standards more similar to the guidelines in the US and Canada. She has been a primary investigator on several major international studies of exposure of children to lead and other chemicals, such as arsenic.

text:
# Elena Queirolo

**Elena Queirolo** is an Uruguayan toxicology researcher and advocate who founded the Health Clinic for Environmental Chemical Contaminants at the Pereira Rossell Hospital (Policlínica de Contaminantes Químicos Ambientales del Pereira Rossell), known as the Lead Clinic or Lead Polyclinic. She is affiliated with the Catholic University of Uruguay.

The clinic was founded in April 2001 in response to the La Teja incident, in which the public became aware of lead and other chemical exposure to children. After the incident, the clinic and Queirolo became data collectors and advocates for establishing lead exposure standards more similar to the guidelines in the US and Canada.

She has been a primary investigator on several major international studies of exposure of children to lead and other chemicals, such as arsenic.


title: Tetramorium

abstract: Tetramorium is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as pavement ants.

text:
# Tetramorium

***Tetramorium*** is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae that includes more than 520 species. These ants are also known as **pavement ants**.

## Taxonomy and phylogeny

*Tetramorium* was first described by Gustav Mayr in 1855 in the same publication as *Monomorium*.

Revision within the genus by Wagner et al. in 2017 recognized a complex of 10 cryptic species, 3 of which were raised from subspecies classifications and 2 of which were newly described. This revision also elevated the pavement ant introduced to North America as the species *T. immigrans* rather than the previous designation as a subspecies of *T. caespitum*. These 10 species in the *T. caespitum* complex are as follows:

## Description

Workers of most species have a ridged clypeus, an appendaged stinger, mandibles with 3 or 4 teeth, and antennae with 11 or 12 segments or with 3-segmented clubs on the tips. The genus is divided into several species groups defined by various characters.

## Distribution

Most species are distributed throughout the Afrotropical and Indomalayan realms. Ten species have been recorded from Japan. One species of pavement ant, *T. immigrans*, is native to Europe and was probably introduced to North America starting in the 18th century.

## Biology

Most known species nest in the soil, in decaying wood, or in leaf litter. Some live in trees or in termite nests.

## Species

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Tetramorium* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Tetramorium caespitum* worker | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Formicidae |
| Subfamily: | Myrmicinae |
| Tribe: | Crematogastrini |
| Genus: | *Tetramorium*
Mayr, 1855 |
|
| Diversity | |
| \> 520 species | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Apomyrmex* Calilung, 2000
*Atopula* Emery, 1912
*Decamorium* Forel, 1913
*Lobomyrmex* Kratochvíl, 1941
*Macromischoides* Wheeler, 1920
*Tetrogmus* Roger, 1857
*Triglyphothrix* Forel, 1890
*Xiphomyrmex* Forel, 1887 *Teleutomyrmex* | |


title: Spatial Concept: Nature

abstract: Spatial Concept: Nature is a series of bronze sculptures by Lucio Fontana designed between 1959 and 1960. A series of these sculptures cast in 1965 is installed at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington, D.C., United States, and a set cast in 1961 is owned by the Walker Art Center and installed in the Minneapolis Sculpture Garden in Minneapolis, United States.

text:
# Spatial Concept: Nature

***Spatial Concept: Nature*** is a series of bronze sculptures by Lucio Fontana designed between 1959 and 1960. A series of these sculptures cast in 1965 is installed at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington, D.C., United States, and a set cast in 1961 is owned by the Walker Art Center and installed in the Minneapolis Sculpture Garden in Minneapolis, United States.

## InfoBox

| Spatial Concept: Nature | |
| --- | --- |
| *Spatial Concept: Nature* in 2022 at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden | |
| Artist | Lucio Fontana |
| Year | 1959-1960 |
| Medium | Bronze sculpture |
| Movement | Arte Povera |
| Location | Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden & Minneapolis Sculpture Garden, Washington, DC & Minneapolis, Minnesota |


title: Endgame (1999 film)

abstract: Endgame is a 1999 short movie about chess between a man and a woman.

text:
# Endgame (1999 film)

***Endgame*** is a 1999 short movie about chess between a man and a woman.

## Cast

* Gabrielle Galanter as Natalie
* Ian Abercrombie as The Narrator (voice)
* Robert Gaylor as Gregory
* Micaela Moreno as Child
* Arturo Castillo as Photographer
* Antoinette Abbamonte as Chess fan
* Sharon Newman as Chess fan
* B.J. Shepherd as Chess fan
* Izzy as Lizard

## InfoBox

| Endgame | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Luis Cámara |
| Written by | Luis Cámara |
| Produced by | Nick Papadakis |
| Music by | Mark Carroll |
| Release date | * 1 December 1999 (1999-12-01) |
| Running time | 8 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Engagement letter

abstract: An engagement letter defines the legal relationship between a professional firm and its client(s). This letter states the terms and conditions of the engagement, principally addressing the scope of the engagement and the terms of compensation for the firm. Most engagement letters follow a standard format. The example given below refers to the engagement of an accountancy firm.

text:
# Engagement letter

An **engagement letter** defines the legal relationship (or engagement) between a professional firm (e.g., law, investment banking, consulting, advisory or accountancy firm) and its client(s). This letter states the terms and conditions of the engagement, principally addressing the scope of the engagement and the terms of compensation for the firm.

Most engagement letters follow a standard format. The example given below refers to the engagement of an accountancy firm.

## Standard format for letters of engagement

* Addressee: Typically addressed to the senior management (e.g. CEO) of the client.
* Identification of the service to be rendered: One type of service is a financial statement audit. Provided in this section is a brief description of the nature of the particular service. Other services that are planned for the audit (e.g. evaluation of internal control, preparation of regulatory reports) are also identified in this section.
* Specification of the responsibilities of the auditor of the company: This section refers to the specific professional standards and responsibilities of the auditor.
* Constraints on the accounting firm: For example, timing of access to client facilities and accounting records may delay the engagement.
* Deadlines: This section lays out the estimated date of completion and release of the financial statements, as well as the general guidelines for the timing of the audit work.
* Description of any assistance to be provided by the client: Typically, the client’s personnel will prepare some schedules (e.g. bank reconciliations) and retrieve documents from files. The letter should describe the assistance of client personnel. If the assistance is not provided and the auditors must complete the work themselves, this section of the letter would provide justification for additional fees to the client.
* Interactions with specialists, internal auditors, and the predecessor auditor needed to conduct the audit: Some specialists needed on an audit may include engineers to verify the stage of completion of electronic components, real estate appraisers to appraise realizable value of real estate used as collateral for loans, actuaries to evaluate the funding requirements and future cash flows associated with pensions or post-retirement health costs, and attorneys to evaluate the likely disposition of contingent losses arising from litigation.
* A disclaimer: Describing the limits of the audit. Typically this expresses that an audit is not designed to detect all forms of fraud or illegal acts; rather, an audit checks the financial position of a client with reference to generally accepted accounting principles.
* A description of the basis for fees: This may include a fixed fee or an estimate of fees based on expected completion time and billing rates of firm employees assigned to the engagement.
* Ownership and accessibility of the auditor’s files to external parties.


title: England national futsal team

abstract: The England national futsal team represents England during international futsal competitions such as the FIFA Futsal World Cup and the European Championships. It is under the direction of The Football Association. Although futsal in England has been around for a number of years, the national team was first formed in 2003, after futsal started to gain popularity in 2002. Home matches are played at various venues around the country. Friendly matches are played with teams from other European nations, and also compete in Four Nations Tournaments each season, along with teams around Europe. England has entered the World Futsal Cup but failed to qualify in 2008. In September 2020 the FA cut fundings for futsal and grassroots football. Therefore, the future of the English national futsal team was put into question.

text:
# England national futsal team

The **England national futsal team** represents England during international futsal competitions such as the FIFA Futsal World Cup and the European Championships. It is under the direction of The Football Association. Although futsal in England has been around for a number of years, the national team was first formed in 2003, after futsal started to gain popularity in 2002.

Home matches are played at various venues around the country. Friendly matches are played with teams from other European nations, and also compete in Four Nations Tournaments each season, along with teams around Europe. England has entered the World Futsal Cup but failed to qualify in 2008.

In September 2020 the FA cut fundings for futsal and grassroots football. Therefore, the future of the English national futsal team was put into question.

## Competition history

### FIFA World Cup

| FIFA World Cup Record | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Round | Pld | W | D\* | L | GS | GA |
| Netherlands 1989 | *Did not enter* | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Hong Kong 1992 | *Did not enter* | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Spain 1996 | *Did not enter* | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Guatemala 2000 | *Did not enter* | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Chinese Taipei 2004 | *Did not enter* | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Brazil 2008 | *Did not qualify* | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Thailand 2012 | *Did not qualify* | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Colombia 2016 | *Did not qualify* | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Lithuania 2020 | *Did not qualify* | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Uzbekistan 2024 | *Did not enter* | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| **Total** | 0/10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

### UEFA European Futsal Championship

| UEFA European Futsal Championship Record | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Round | Pld | W | D | L | GS | GA |
| Spain 1996 | *did not Enter* | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Spain 1999 | *did not Enter* | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Russia 2001 | *did not Enter* | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Italy 2003 | *did not Enter* | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Czech Republic 2005 | *did not Qualify* | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Portugal 2007 | *did not Qualify* | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Hungary 2010 | *did not Qualify* | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Croatia 2012 | *did not Qualify* | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Belgium 2014 | *did not Qualify* | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Serbia 2016 | *did not Qualify* | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Slovenia 2018 | *did not Qualify* | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Netherlands 2022 | Withdrew | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Latvia/Lithuania 2026 | Withdrew | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| **Total** | 0/13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

### Minor tournaments

| Year | Tournament | City | Round | Position | GP | W | D\* | L | GS | GA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 | Four Nations | Algarve | Group | 4th | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 8 | 50 |
| 2004 | Four Nations | Manchester | Group | 3rd | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 19 |
| 2005 | Four Nations | Villeneuve-d'Ascq | 3rd/4th | 4th | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 10 |
| 2006 | Four Nations | Sheffield | Group | 4th | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 24 |
| 2006 | Four Nations | Edegem | Group | 4th | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 27 |
| 2007 | Four Nations | İzmir | Group | 4th | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 28 |
| 2008 | KL World 5's | Kuala Lumpur | Group | 5th | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 9 | 38 |
| 2008 | Four Nations | Caen | 3rd/4th | 4th | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 12 |
| 2008 | Four Nations | Loughborough | Group | 3rd | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 10 |
| 2010 | Four Nations | Hereford | Final | 2nd | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 4 |
| 2012 | Tournament | Bodø | Group | 2nd | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 3 |
| 2013 | Four Nations | Paola | Group | 3rd | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 5 |
| **Total** |  |  | **0 titles** |  | 30 | 3 | 4 | 23 | 61 | 211 |

*Red border colour indicates tournament was held on home soil.*

## InfoBox

England
| Nickname(s) | The Three Lions |
| --- | --- |
| Association | The Football Association |
| Confederation | UEFA (Europe) |
| Captain | Raoni Medina |
| FIFA code | ENG |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| FIFA ranking | |
| Current | 63 |
| First international | |
| England 5–1 Scotland
(Rome, Italy; 16 July 1983) | |
| Biggest win | |
| England 16–1 Northern Ireland
(Cardiff, Wales; 3 December 2016) | |
| Biggest defeat | |
| Portugal 24–1 England
(Algarve, Portugal; 21 October 2004) | |
| World Cup | |
| Appearances | 0 |
| European Championship | |
| Appearances | 0 |


title: Emil Torday

abstract: Emil Torday, was a Hungarian anthropologist. He was the father of the romance novelist Ursula Torday.

text:
# Emil Torday

**Emil Torday** (22 June 1875 – 9 May 1931), was a Hungarian anthropologist. He was the father of the romance novelist Ursula Torday.

## Biography

Emil Torday was born on 22 June 1875 in Budapest. He studied at the University of Munich, but without completing his degree started to work at a Brussels Bank.

During his stay in the Congo, he developed his interest in anthropology. After his return to Europe, he met Thomas Athol Joyce, who worked at British Museum. In 1907–1909, he undertook an expedition on behalf of the British Museum in the Kasai River Basin in the Belgian Congo where he amassed a collection of 3000 objects for the museum, the most acclaimed of which are from the Kuba Kingdom. The expedition also known as Torday-Hilton-Simpson expedition produced a large collection of photos depicting everyday life in villages of the Congo Basin. Photos from his expedition are held at the Museum Of Ethnography in Budapest. Other outstanding pieces of the collection are three royal Ndop figures he collected.

Torday also recorded folk songs by gramophone on his successive journeys to West Africa. He spoke eight local languages.

The centre point of Torday's ethnographic work was his engagement with the Kuba peoples in the Kuba Kingdom, and especially his relationship with the Nyimi (king) KotaPe (or Kwete in Torday's spelling). Always an advocate of indigenous views, Torday found in the Kuba a sophisticated kingdom with a sumptuous artistic tradition, and in KotaPe an impressive ruler. Furthermore, the Kuba had a dynastic history which could be related to European chronologies: it was founded in the early seventeenth century, dated in oral tradition to a known passage of Halley's comet. In the Congo, the very heart of Conrad's ‘Heart of darkness’, Torday believed he had ‘discovered’ a kingdom on a parallel with European dynasties.

On 17 March 1910, he married Gaia Rose Macdonald, a Scot, and on 19 February 1912, they had a daughter, the novelist Ursula Torday.

On 9 May 1931, he died of heart failure at the French Hospital Shaftesbury Avenue, at 55.

His work was recognised in 1910 when he was awarded the Imperial Gold Medal for Science and Art by the emperor of Austria.

In 2020 participants of the Budapest-Bamako charity rally named a school after him in Sierra Leone.

## Bibliography

## References and sources

## InfoBox

| Emil Torday | |
| --- | --- |
| Emil Torday,1911 | |
| Born | (1875-06-22)22 June 1875
Budapest, Hungary |
| Died | 9 May 1931(1931-05-09) (aged 55)
London, England, UK |
| Nationality | Hungarian |
| Other names | E. Torday |
| Occupation | Anthropologist |
| Employer | British Museum |


title: Endotricha fastigia

abstract: Endotricha fastigia is a species of snout moth in the genus Endotricha. It was described by Paul Ernest Sutton Whalley in 1963, and is known from New Guinea.

text:
# Endotricha fastigia

***Endotricha fastigia*** is a species of snout moth in the genus *Endotricha*. It was described by Paul Ernest Sutton Whalley in 1963, and is known from New Guinea.

## InfoBox

| *Endotricha fastigia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Endotricha* |
| Species: | ***E. fastigia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Endotricha fastigia***<br>Whalley, 1963 | |
|


title: Endotricha flavofascialis

abstract: Endotricha flavofascialis is a species of snout moth in the genus Endotricha. It is found in Russia and Japan.

text:
# Endotricha flavofascialis

***Endotricha flavofascialis*** is a species of snout moth in the genus *Endotricha*. It is found in Russia and Japan.

## Subspecies

* *Endotricha flavofascialis flavofascialis* (south-eastern Siberia)
* *Endotricha flavofascialis affinialis* South, 1901 (Japan)

## InfoBox

| *Endotricha flavofascialis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Endotricha* |
| Species: | ***E. flavofascialis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Endotricha flavofascialis***<br>(Bremer, 1864) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Rhodaria flavofascialis* Bremer, 1864 * *Endotricha affinialis* South, 1901 | |


# English cricket team in Ceylon and Pakistan in 1968–69

The England national cricket team, under the auspices of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), toured Ceylon and Pakistan from January to March 1969 and played a three-match Test series against the Pakistani national cricket team. The Test series was drawn 0–0. England were captained by Colin Cowdrey and Pakistan by Saeed Ahmed. As Ceylon had not then achieved Test status, the international played at the Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu Stadium, Colombo, is classified as a first-class match. It ended in a draw.

## Test series summary

### First Test

### Second Test

* Pakistan won the toss and elected to bat.

### Third Test

* England won the toss and elected to bat.
* The match was abandoned due to riots shortly before lunch on the third day.
* Sarfraz Nawaz (PAK) made his Test debut.
*


title: Encephalartos aemulans

abstract: Encephalartos aemulans, the Ngotshe cycad, is a species of cycad endemic to South Africa. It is listed by the IUCN as Critically Endangered and by CITES in Appendix I. Only 100-250 are believed to be left, with a decreasing population trend. Its main threat is collecting of wild specimens.

text:
# Encephalartos aemulans

***Encephalartos aemulans***, the **Ngotshe cycad**, is a species of cycad endemic to South Africa. It is listed by the IUCN as Critically Endangered and by CITES in Appendix I. Only 100-250 are believed to be left, with a decreasing population trend. Its main threat is collecting of wild specimens.

## Description

These plants have a tall, unbranched stem that can grow up to 3 m tall and 35 cm wide. The leaves, which can reach 2 m in length, are made up of pointed leaflets with spiny edges, each about 12–15 cm long, arranged oppositely along the stem at an angle of 135°. This species is dioecious, meaning it has separate male and female plants. The male plants have oval, yellow cones that are 29–38 cm long and 14–18 cm wide, with broad, rhombic microsporophylls. The female cones are yellow-green, 35–40 cm long, and 20–23 cm wide, with macrosporophylls that have a bumpy surface. The seeds are oblong, about 25–30 mm long, and covered with red sarcotesta.

## Distribution and habitat

The species is endemic to KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, were a single population is known. It occurs among sandstone cliffs in shortgrass savannah at altitudes of 1,000-1,100 m, with individual specimens found at lower altitudes.

## InfoBox

| *Encephalartos aemulans* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| CITES Appendix I (CITES) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Cycadophyta |
| Class: | Cycadopsida |
| Order: | Cycadales |
| Family: | Zamiaceae |
| Genus: | *Encephalartos* |
| Species: | ***E. aemulans*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Encephalartos aemulans***
Vorster | |
|


title: Enduring Love

abstract: Enduring Love is a 1997 novel by British writer Ian McEwan. The plot concerns two strangers who become perilously entangled after witnessing a deadly accident.

text:
# Enduring Love

***Enduring Love*** is a 1997 novel by British writer Ian McEwan. The plot concerns two strangers who become perilously entangled after witnessing a deadly accident.

## Summary

On a beautiful and cloudless day, a middle-aged couple celebrate their union with a picnic. Joe Rose, aged 47, and his long-term partner Clarissa Mellon are about to open a bottle of wine when a cry interrupts them. A helium balloon, with a ten-year-old boy in the basket and his grandfather being dragged behind it, has been ripped from its moorings. Joe immediately joins several other men in an effort to bring the balloon to safety. In the rescue attempt one man, John Logan, a doctor, dies.

Another of the would-be rescuers is Jed Parry. Joe and Jed exchange a passing glance, a glance which indelibly burns an obsession into Jed's soul and has devastating consequences, for Jed suffers from de Clerambault's syndrome, a disorder that causes the sufferer to believe that someone is in love with him or her. Delusional and dangerous, Jed gradually wreaks havoc in Joe's life, testing the limits of his beloved rationalism, threatening Clarissa's love for him, and driving him to frustration.

Joe goes to meet Jean Logan (John Logan's wife) at her Oxford home. Jean Logan does not want to hear about how her husband was a hero, but Joe tells her that her husband was a brave man acting out a fatherly instinct to protect a vulnerable child. Mrs Logan hands Joe a bag which holds a picnic, and then hands him a scarf smelling of rose-water, and asks Joe how many doors were open on Logan's car. She accuses her dead husband of having an affair with another woman and asks Joe to phone other people who were present at the accident to ascertain if they had seen anyone with Logan. She says her husband was a cautious man and probably only died because he was showing off to the woman, trying to prove his manliness, and thereby taking unnecessary risks, rather than hanging back and staying safe.

During a lunch with Clarissa and her godfather, Joe witnesses the attempted murder of a man seated at a table next to theirs, resulting in the man being shot in the shoulder. However, Joe realises the bullet was meant for himself and the similar composition of the group of people at the other table misled the two killers into thinking the other man was their target. Before the hit man can deliver the fatal shot Jed Parry intervenes to save the innocent man's life before fleeing the scene. In the subsequent police interview Joe insists that it was Jed Parry who was behind this attack, but the detective does not believe him, possibly because Joe appears to get some of the facts of the incident incorrect. Joe leaves dissatisfied, knowing that Jed is still out there and looking for him. Like the detective, however, Clarissa is sceptical that Jed is stalking Joe and that Joe is in any danger. This, plus the stress Joe suffers at Jed's hands, strains their relationship.

Fearing for his safety, Joe purchases a gun through an acquaintance, John Well. On the journey home Joe receives a phone call from Jed Parry, who is at Joe's home with Clarissa. Upon arriving at his apartment, Joe sees Jed sitting on the sofa with Clarissa. Jed then asks for Joe's forgiveness, before taking out a knife and pointing it at his own neck. To prevent Jed from killing himself, Joe shoots him in the arm.

Joe and Clarissa go to meet Mrs Logan. They take her and her two infant children on a picnic next to a river, to which they have invited the woman her husband was suspected of having an affair with. It turns out that on the day of the balloon accident the young woman had been with a university lecturer, thirty years her senior, with whom she was having a secret relationship; Dr Logan had simply offered them both a ride after the lecturer's car had broken down. The novel ends with the two Logan children and Joe beside the river, Joe telling the children a story about how the river is made up of many particles.

In the first of the novel's appendices (a medical report on Jed's condition) we learn that Joe and Clarissa are eventually reconciled, and that they adopt a child. In the second appendix (a letter from Jed to Joe) we learn that even after three years Jed remains uncured and is now living in a psychiatric hospital.

## Reception

Upon release, *Enduring Love* was generally well received. According to Book Marks, the book received "positive" reviews based on ten critic reviews with three being "rave" and six being "positive" and one being "mixed".

## Adaptations

In 2004, *Enduring Love* was adapted into a film of the same name. The film version was directed by Roger Michell, written by Joe Penhall, and starred Daniel Craig, Rhys Ifans and Samantha Morton, with Bill Nighy, Susan Lynch and Corin Redgrave. The film received mixed reviews from critics, and the popular movie review site Rotten Tomatoes gave the movie a rating of 59% positive reviews.

In 2023, BBC Radio 4 broadcast a dramatization written by Kate Clanchy, starring Blake Ritson and Hattie Morahan, and produced and directed by Amber Barnfather.

## Fictional appendix

The book contains an appendix purporting to be a scientific paper ("A Homo-Erotic Obsession, with Religious Overtones: A Clinical Variant of de Clerambault's Syndrome") describing a case study identical to the one around which the narrative is based. The appendix is an invention of McEwan, with its authors – Wenn and Camia – being an anagram of his name. Although fictional, some reviewers took the document to be a factual case, with a review in *The New York Times* criticizing McEwan for having "simply stuck too close to the facts".

McEwan later submitted the paper to the *British Journal of Psychiatry* under the name of the paper's fictional writers, but it was not published. Speaking in 1999, McEwan said "I get four or five letters a week, usually from reading groups but sometimes from psychiatrists and scholars, asking if I wrote the appendix."

## InfoBox

Enduring Love
| First-edition hardback cover | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Ian McEwan |
| Cover artist | Odilon Redon, "The eye like a strange balloon mounts toward infinity", 1882 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Jonathan Cape |
| Publication date | 1997 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print (hardcover) |
| Pages | 247 pp |
| ISBN | 0-224-05031-1 (first edition) |
| OCLC | 37706997 |


title: Endure (Special Interest album)

abstract: Endure is the third studio album by the New Orleans punk band Special Interest, released in 2022.

text:
# Endure (Special Interest album)

***Endure*** is the third studio album by the New Orleans punk band Special Interest, released in 2022.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 84/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| *The Guardian* |  |
| *Loud and Quiet* | 9/10 |
| *Pitchfork* | 8.8/10 |

*Endure* was released to rave reviews from critics. On the review aggregate site Metacritic, the album has a score of 84 out of 100. It received significant critical notice, including a "Best New Music" review from *Pitchfork*, "Album of the Week" designation from *BrooklynVegan*, and four stars from *The Guardian*.

## Track listing

*Endure* track listing
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Cherry Blue Intention" | 3:23 |
| 2. | "(Herman's) House" | 4:07 |
| 3. | "Foul" | 2:47 |
| 4. | "Midnight Legend" (featuring Mykki Blanco) | 3:25 |
| 5. | "Love Scene" | 4:43 |
| 6. | "Kurdish Radio" | 2:51 |
| 7. | "My Displeasure" | 5:23 |
| 8. | "Impulse Control" | 3:03 |
| 9. | "Concerning Peace" | 4:31 |
| 10. | "Interlude" | 1:45 |
| 11. | "LA Blues" | 8:00 |
| Total length: | | 43:55 |

## InfoBox

| Endure | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Special Interest | |
| Released | November 4, 2022 (2022-11-04) |
| Recorded | 2020–2022 |
| Studio | HighTower, New Orleans |
| Length | 43:55 |
| Label | Rough Trade |
| Producer | Special Interest |
| Special Interest chronology | |
| *The Passion Of*
(2020) ***Endure***
(2022) | |


title: Endless Arcade

abstract: Endless Arcade is the eleventh full studio album by Scottish band Teenage Fanclub. Released on 30 April 2021, it is the band's first record since the departure of co-founder Gerard Love in late 2018 and their first with former Gorky's Zygotic Mynci member Euros Childs. The album's title comes from co-founder Raymond McGinley's song of the same name, with McGinley envisioning an endless arcade as "a city that you can wander through, with a sense of mystery, an imaginary one that goes on forever. When it came to choosing an album title, it seemed to have something for this collection of songs."

text:
# Endless Arcade

***Endless Arcade*** is the eleventh full studio album by Scottish band Teenage Fanclub. Released on 30 April 2021, it is the band's first record since the departure of co-founder Gerard Love in late 2018 and their first with former Gorky's Zygotic Mynci member Euros Childs. The album's title comes from co-founder Raymond McGinley's song of the same name, with McGinley envisioning an endless arcade as "a city that you can wander through, with a sense of mystery, an imaginary one that goes on forever. When it came to choosing an album title, it seemed to have something for this collection of songs."

## Background

After parting ways with Gerard Love following a series of late 2018 shows in which Teenage Fanclub performed the five recently reissued albums they had recorded for Creation Records during the Nineties in full, the band regrouped in January 2019 with long-time member Dave McGowan switching over from playing keyboards and guitar to fill the bassist position vacated by Love. Euros Childs – who also collaborates with Teenage Fanclub co-founder Norman Blake in the side project Jonny – joined the band on keyboards.

When they started gathering material for a new album, Blake already had a song called "I'm More Inclined" ready to be presented to the rest of the band. Following approval of the song, they soon set about recording their new album.

## Recording

In January 2019 the new-look Teenage Fanclub relocated to Hamburg, Germany, a city that they had grown to love, for recording sessions at Clouds Hill Recordings, a facility in which they had mixed their previous album, *Here*. Following these sessions, they embarked on a tour of Asia, Australia, North America and Europe from February to April. They would then return to Clouds Hill in late November 2019 for more recording. Additional recording was also done at Raymond McGinley's home studio in Glasgow and at Rockfield Studios in Wales.

As the remaining ever-present members of Teenage Fanclub, Norman Blake and Raymond McGinley maintained a pragmatic outlook towards the differences in recording with the new line-up, with McGinley commenting, "With Gerry not being there…it’s different. But then Dave is on bass and Euros is there. It’s an inspiring thing!" Meanwhile, according to Blake, "I think some of the playing is a bit freer and looser than on recent albums. Dave and Euros’ playing is amazing, and Francis \[Macdonald\] on drums is really swinging."

After plans to release the album in October 2020 and go on tour for the remainder of the year fell through, Blake and McGinley used the extra time caused by the enforced postponement for further work on mixing the album in Glasgow.

## Release

On 20 February 2019, Teenage Fanclub released the first taste of their recent recording session in the form of "Everything Is Falling Apart", which was written and sung by Raymond McGinley.

In March 2020 the band announced that their new album, *Endless Arcade*, was to be released in October to coincide with a UK and Europe tour the following November and December. However, in June they subsequently rescheduled the tour for April and May 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the album's release also pushed back ahead of the new tour dates.

On 11 November 2020, Teenage Fanclub announced *Endless Arcade'*s release date of 5 March 2021, along with the album's track listing. They also released a single edit and video for "Home", the album's opening track which was penned and sung by Norman Blake.

On 25 January 2021, Teenage Fanclub released Blake's song “I'm More Inclined” as a single. They also announced that *Endless Arcade*’s release date had been pushed back to 30 April 2021 due to “circumstances beyond our control.” The band's tour dates in support of the album were also postponed to September 2021 and April and May 2022.

"The Sun Won't Shine on Me", another Blake-written song from the album, was released on 15 March 2021, followed by the album's final single, McGinley's "In Our Dreams", on 13 April 2021.

## Reception

*Endless Arcade* currently holds a 7.5/10 score on Any Decent Music?, which has conglomerated 20 reviews from various publications, and according to Metacritic, another review aggregation site, a score of 79/100 – based on 18 reviewers – indicates a "generally favorable" consensus.

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| The Arts Desk |  |
| *Mojo* |  |
| *MusicOMH* |  |
| *The Observer* |  |
| Pitchfork | 7/10 |
| *PopMatters* | 7/10 |
| *Record Collector* |  |
| *Slant Magazine* |  |
| *Uncut* |  |

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Home" | Norman Blake | 7:04 |
| 2. | "Endless Arcade" | Raymond McGinley | 3:25 |
| 3. | "Warm Embrace" | Blake | 2:07 |
| 4. | "Everything Is Falling Apart" | McGinley | 4:28 |
| 5. | "The Sun Won't Shine on Me" | Blake | 2:40 |
| 6. | "Come with Me" | McGinley | 3:27 |
| 7. | "In Our Dreams" | McGinley | 4:15 |
| 8. | "I'm More Inclined" | Blake | 3:20 |
| 9. | "Back in the Day" | Blake | 3:49 |
| 10. | "The Future" | McGinley | 3:06 |
| 11. | "Living with You" | Blake | 2:55 |
| 12. | "Silent Song" | McGinley | 3:48 |
| Total length: | | | 44:24 |

## Personnel

Adapted from the album liner notes.

**Teenage Fanclub**

**Technical**

* Teenage Fanclub – producer
* David Henderson – engineer
* Linda Gerdes – assistant engineer (Clouds Hill)
* Sebastian Muxfeldt – assistant engineer (Clouds Hill)
* Stephen Black – engineer (credited with recording "some of Euros' backing vocals in Cardiff")
* Salvador Daily – mastering
* H. Hawkline – design

## Charts

Chart performance for *Endless Arcade*
| Chart (2021) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 57 |
| Irish Albums (IRMA) | 51 |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 2 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 95 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 11 |
| UK Independent Albums (OCC) | 3 |

## InfoBox

| Endless Arcade | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Teenage Fanclub | |
| Released | 30 April 2021 (2021-04-30) |
| Recorded | January 2019–March 2020 |
| Studio |  |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 44:24 |
| Label | * PeMa (Europe) * Merge (North America) |
| Producer | Teenage Fanclub |
| Teenage Fanclub chronology | |
| *Here*
(2016) ***Endless Arcade***
(2021) *Nothing Lasts Forever*
(2023) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Endless Arcade* | |
| 1. "Everything Is Falling Apart"
Released: February 20, 2019 2. "Home"
Released: November 11, 2020 3. "I'm More Inclined"
Released: January 25, 2021 4. "The Sun Won't Shine On Me"
Released: March 15, 2021 5. "In Our Dreams"
Released: April 13, 2021 | |
|  | |


title: Endless Ages

abstract: Endless Ages was a 3D MMOFPS with role-playing elements that was developed by the American game development studio Avaria Corporation. It was the first multiplayer online game to merge first-person shooting and role-playing when it was released for beta in Spring 2001. The game saw its official commercial release on July 1, 2003. The game included features such as character classes, quests, an auction-based economy, and a player-versus-player combat system. Originally created by Aaron Boucher under the banner of Avaria Corporation, the game was sold as part of a game engine licensure agreement with Rapid Reality Studios, a now-defunct game development studio. Under Rapid Reality Studios, Endless Ages received a sequel Phylon in June 2007, which failed to receive attention, and soon went offline in August 2007. In May 2008, Digital Motion Entertainment acquired the rights to the game and re-released it as Endless Ages Reborn. However, the game was cancelled soon after, and the IP was later auctioned for sale.

text:
# Endless Ages

***Endless Ages*** was a 3D MMOFPS with role-playing elements that was developed by the American game development studio Avaria Corporation. It was the first multiplayer online game to merge first-person shooting and role-playing when it was released for beta in Spring 2001. The game saw its official commercial release on July 1, 2003.

The game included features such as character classes, quests, an auction-based economy, and a player-versus-player combat system.

Originally created by Aaron Boucher under the banner of Avaria Corporation, the game was sold as part of a game engine licensure agreement with Rapid Reality Studios, a now-defunct game development studio. Under Rapid Reality Studios, *Endless Ages* received a sequel *Phylon* in June 2007, which failed to receive attention, and soon went offline in August 2007.

In May 2008, Digital Motion Entertainment acquired the rights to the game and re-released it as *Endless Ages Reborn*. However, the game was cancelled soon after, and the IP was later auctioned for sale.

## Gameplay and story

The story of *Endless Ages* takes place in a world within the afterlife called Iia, shortly after the protagonist's death. Players engage with various human and non-human characters in the game, whom they can work with to fight against NPC-controlled monsters (called "mobs" in-game). Players can also build their class systems using a variety of weapons, powers and technology.

Unlike most MMOs, the game does not have a cohesive backstory, and is limited by the isolated quest system. Generally, the lore suggests that there is a power struggle between the human and non-human races over ruling the worlds players explore.

Players can explore various types of terrain, including islands, caves, and labyrinths. Some of the worlds players explore may also have smaller zones that house creatures with "high risk, high reward" behavior. To prevent gameplay harassment among players, some worlds prevent PvP-based interactions, and generally neither encourages nor allows the looting of other players' possessions. In earlier patches, players were able to purchase or build their own houses, where they can place their items or put them up for sale, creating a self-sustaining marketplace for other players.

## Characters

Players run into three types of races in the game:

### Human

Players can choose between a male human or a female human. While male humans offer players proficiency in engineering and melee combat, female humans offer proficiency in crafting and magical arts. Both also offer an average ability in both stealth and damage absorption.

### Amphibian

Players can choose to play as anthropomorphic amphibians to give themselves an edge in evasion and stealth tactics during gameplay at the cost of lesser health and damage points.

### Blobic

A race known for their size, Blobics appear in the game largely as mercenaries, and are also considered to be antagonistic in the story. Players can choose to play as a hulking Blobic if they wish to absorb a lot of damage dealt at the cost of mobility and stealth.

## InfoBox

| Endless Ages | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Avaria Corporation |
| Publisher(s) | SummitSoft |
| Platform(s) | Windows |
| Release | July 1, 2003 |
| Genre(s) | Massively multiplayer online first-person shooter/role-playing |
| Mode(s) | Multiplayer |


title: Enekbatus dualis

abstract: Enekbatus dualis is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.

text:
# Enekbatus dualis

***Enekbatus dualis*** is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.

## Description

The shrub typically grows to a height of 0.75 metres (2 ft). It blooms in September producing pink flowers.

## Distribution

It is found on low hills and slopes and among rocky outcrops in the Mid West region of Western Australia between Geraldton and Yalgoo, where it grows in sandy clay soils over granite.

## InfoBox

| *Enekbatus dualis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Priority One — Poorly Known Taxa (DEC) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Enekbatus* |
| Species: | ***E. dualis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Enekbatus dualis***
Trudgen & Rye | |
|


title: Enekbatus eremaeus

abstract: Enekbatus eremaeus is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. The low, bushy and erect shrub typically grows to a height of 0.3 to 1.0 metre. It blooms between April and October producing white-pink-purple flowers. It is found on breakaways, flats, hills and rises in the Mid West and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia between Wiluna and Kalgoorlie where it grows in sandy-loamy soils.

text:
# Enekbatus eremaeus

***Enekbatus eremaeus*** is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.

The low, bushy and erect shrub typically grows to a height of 0.3 to 1.0 metre (1 to 3 ft). It blooms between April and October producing white-pink-purple flowers.

It is found on breakaways, flats, hills and rises in the Mid West and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia between Wiluna and Kalgoorlie where it grows in sandy-loamy soils.

## InfoBox

| *Enekbatus eremaeus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Enekbatus* |
| Species: | ***E. eremaeus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Enekbatus eremaeus***<br>Trudgen & Rye | |
|


title: Eoxizicus

abstract: Eoxizicus is a genus of Asian bush crickets belonging to the tribe Meconematini. The recorded distribution is: India, Indochina, China and Korea.

text:
# Eoxizicus

| External image | |
| --- | --- |
| Images at iNaturalist | |

***Eoxizicus*** is a genus (or subgenus) of Asian bush crickets belonging to the tribe Meconematini. The recorded distribution is: India, Indochina, China and Korea.

## Subgenera and species

Species have been placed here or at the original subgenus level as *Xizicus* (Eoxizicus). The *Orthoptera Species File* currently lists:

1. *Eoxizicus bihammeris* Liu, 2020
2. *Eoxizicus bimaculus* (Liu, Chen, Wang & Chang, 2019)
3. *Eoxizicus choui* (Liu & Zhang, 2000)
4. *Eoxizicus concavilaminus* (Jin, 1999)
5. *Eoxizicus coreanus* (Bey-Bienko, 1971)
6. *Eoxizicus danangi* Gorochov, 1998
7. *Eoxizicus dao* Gorochov, 1998
8. *Eoxizicus dentatus* (Liu, Chen, Wang & Chang, 2019)
9. *Eoxizicus dischidus* Di, Han & Shi, 2015
10. *Eoxizicus divergentis* (Liu & Zhang, 2000)
11. *Eoxizicus dubius* (Liu & Zhang, 2000)
12. *Eoxizicus duplum* (Gorochov, 1998)
13. *Eoxizicus fengyangshanensis* Liu, Zhou & Bi, 2010
14. *Eoxizicus furcutus* Jiao & Shi, 2014
15. *Eoxizicus gaoligongshanensis* (Cui, Liu & Shi, 2020)
16. *Eoxizicus hainani* Gorochov & Kang, 2005
17. *Eoxizicus hsiehi* (Liu, Chen, Wang & Chang, 2019)
18. *Eoxizicus howardi* (Tinkham, 1956)
19. *Eoxizicus hue* Gorochov, 2005
20. *Eoxizicus khaosoki* Gorochov, 1998
21. *Eoxizicus kulingensis* (Tinkham, 1943) \- **type species** (as *Xiphidiopsis kulingensis* Tinkham), locality Guling, Guangxi
22. *Eoxizicus laminatus* Shi, 2013
23. *Eoxizicus lobicercus* (Chen, Mao & Chang, 2019)
24. *Eoxizicus magnus* (Xia & Liu, 1992)
25. *Eoxizicus megalobatus* (Xia & Liu, 1990)
26. *Eoxizicus meridianus* (Xia & Liu, 1990)
27. *Eoxizicus orlovi* Gorochov, 2005
28. *Eoxizicus parallelus* (Liu & Zhang, 2000)
29. *Eoxizicus rehni* (Tinkham, 1956)
30. *Eoxizicus ryabovi* Gorochov, 2005
31. *Eoxizicus simianshanensis* Wang & Shi, 2017
32. *Eoxizicus simplicicercis* (Kevan & Jin, 1993)
33. *Eoxizicus sinuatus* (Liu & Zhang, 2000)
34. *Eoxizicus streptocercus* Jiao & Shi, 2014
35. *Eoxizicus taiwanensis* Chang, Du & Shi, 2013
36. *Eoxizicus tam* Gorochov, 1998
37. *Eoxizicus tinkhami* (Bey-Bienko, 1962)
38. *Eoxizicus transversus* (Tinkham, 1944)
39. *Eoxizicus tuberculatus* (Liu & Zhang, 2000)
40. *Eoxizicus uncicercus* Mao & Shi, 2015
41. *Eoxizicus wuzhishanensis* (Liu & Zhang, 2000)
42. *Eoxizicus xiai* (Liu & Zhang, 2000) (synonym *E. curvicercus* (Wang, Liu & Li, 2015))

## InfoBox

| *Eoxizicus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Ensifera |
| Family: | Tettigoniidae |
| Subfamily: | Meconematinae |
| Tribe: | Meconematini |
| Genus: | *Eoxizicus*<br>Gorochov, 1993 |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Xizicus* subgenus *Eoxizicus* Gorochov, 1993 | |


title: Eoxin D4

abstract: Eoxin D4 (EXD4), also known as 14,15-leukotriene D4, is an eoxin. Cells make eoxins by metabolizing arachidonic acid with a 15-lipoxygenase enzyme to form 15(S)-hydroperoxyeicosapentaenoic acid (i.e. 15(S)-HpETE). This product is then converted serially to EXA4, EXC4, EXD4, and EXE4 by LTC4 synthase, an unidentified gamma-glutamyltransferase, and an unidentified dipeptidase, respectively, in a pathway which appears similar if not identical to the pathway which forms leukotreines, i.e. LTA4, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4. This pathway is schematically shown as follows: EXA4 is viewed as an intracellular-bound, short-lived intermediate which is rapidly metabolized to the downstream eoxins. The eoxins downstream of EXA4 are secreted from their parent cells and, it is proposed but not yet proven, serve to regulate allergic responses and the development of certain cancers (see eoxins).

text:
# Eoxin D4

**Eoxin D4 (EXD4)**, also known as **14,15-leukotriene D4**, is an eoxin. Cells make eoxins by metabolizing arachidonic acid with a 15-lipoxygenase enzyme to form 15(*S*)-hydroperoxyeicosapentaenoic acid (i.e. 15(*S*)-HpETE). This product is then converted serially to EXA4, EXC4, EXD4, and EXE4 by LTC4 synthase, an unidentified gamma-glutamyltransferase, and an unidentified dipeptidase, respectively, in a pathway which appears similar if not identical to the pathway which forms leukotreines, i.e. LTA4, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4. This pathway is schematically shown as follows:

Arachidonic acid + O2 → 15(*S*)-HpETE → EXA4 → EXC4 → EXD4 → EXE4

EXA4 is viewed as an intracellular-bound, short-lived intermediate which is rapidly metabolized to the downstream eoxins. The eoxins downstream of EXA4 are secreted from their parent cells and, it is proposed but not yet proven, serve to regulate allergic responses and the development of certain cancers (see eoxins).

1. Claesson HE (September 2009). "On the biosynthesis and biological role of eoxins and 15-lipoxygenase-1 in airway inflammation and Hodgkin lymphoma". *Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat*. **89** (3–4): 120–5. doi:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2008.12.003. PMID 19130894.
2. Greene ER, Huang S, Serhan CN, Panigrahy D (2011). "Regulation of inflammation in cancer by eicosanoids". *Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators*. **96** (1–4): 27–36. doi:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2011.08.004. PMC 4051344. PMID 21864702.
3. Feltenmark S, Gautam N, Brunnström A, Griffiths W, Backman L, Edenius C, Lindbom L, Björkholm M, Claesson HE (2008). "Eoxins are proinflammatory arachidonic acid metabolites produced via the 15-lipoxygenase-1 pathway in human eosinophils and mast cells". *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America*. **105** (2): 680–5. Bibcode:2008PNAS..105..680F. doi:10.1073/pnas.0710127105. PMC 2206596. PMID 18184802.

## InfoBox

Eoxin D4
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| IUPAC name *S*-\[(6*S*,7*R*,8*E*,10*E*,12*Z*,15*Z*)-19-Carboxy-6-hydroxy-8,10,12,15-nonadecatetraen-7-yl\]-L-cysteinylglycine | |
| Other names 14,15-Leukotriene D4; 14,15-LTD4 | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChEBI |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C25H40N2O6S/c1-2-3-12-15-21(28)22(34-19-20(26)25(33)27-18-24(31)32)16-13-10-8-6-4-5-7-9-11-14-17-23(29)30/h4,6-10,13,16,20-22,28H,2-3,5,11-12,14-15,17-19,26H2,1H3,(H,27,33)(H,29,30)(H,31,32)/b6-4-,9-7-,10-8+,16-13+/t20-,21-,22+/m0/s1Key: BUTLPEVGZIRJOA-SPCGXPCUSA-N | |
| SMILES * CCCCC\[C@@H\](\[C@@H\](/C=C/C=C/C=C\C/C=C\CCCC(=O)O)SC\[C@@H\](C(=O)NCC(=O)O)N)O | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C25H40N2O6S |
| Molar mass | 496.66 g·mol−1 |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Eozenillia

abstract: Eozenillia is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae. The larvae of Eozenillia equatorialis are known to be parasitoids of Mahasena corbetti.

text:
# Eozenillia

***Eozenillia*** is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae. The larvae of *Eozenillia equatorialis* are known to be parasitoids of *Mahasena corbetti*.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Eozenillia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tachinidae |
| Subfamily: | Exoristinae |
| Tribe: | Exoristini |
| Genus: | *Eozenillia*
Townsend, 1926 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Eozenillia equatorialis*
Townsend, 1926 | |


title: Eozoon canadense

abstract: Eozoön canadense is a pseudofossil. John William Dawson described the banded structures of coarsely crystalline calcite and serpentine as a gigantic Foraminifera, which was thought to be the oldest known fossil. It was found in Precambrian metamorphosed limestone of Canada, at Côte St. Pierre near Grenville (Quebec) in 1863. It was later found in several other localities. Dawson called it "one of the brightest gems in the scientific crown of the Geological Survey of Canada". In 1894, it was shown that the place where it was found was associated with metamorphism. Similar Eozoön structures were subsequently found in metamorphosed limestone blocks erupted from Mount Vesuvius, where high-temperature physical and chemical processes were responsible for their formation.

text:
# Eozoon canadense

***Eozoön canadense*** (literally, "dawn animal of Canada") is a pseudofossil.

John William Dawson described the banded structures of coarsely crystalline calcite and serpentine as a gigantic Foraminifera, which was thought to be the oldest known fossil (Dawson 1865). It was found in Precambrian metamorphosed limestone of Canada, at Côte St. Pierre near Grenville (Quebec) in 1863. It was later found in several other localities. Dawson called it "one of the brightest gems in the scientific crown of the Geological Survey of Canada". In 1894, it was shown that the place where it was found was associated with metamorphism (O'Brien 1970; Adelman 2007).

Similar Eozoön structures were subsequently found in metamorphosed limestone blocks erupted from Mount Vesuvius, where high-temperature physical and chemical processes were responsible for their formation (O'Brien 1970).

* Adelman, J. (2007). "*Eozoön*: debunking the dawn animal". *Endeavor*. **31** (3): 94–98. doi:10.1016/j.endeavour.2007.07.002. PMID 17765972.
* Dawson, J. W. (1865). "On the structure of certain organic remains in the Laurentian limestones of Canada". *Quart. J. Geol. Soc*. **21** (1–2): 51–59. doi:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1865.021.01-02.12.
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title: Enterprise social graph

abstract: An enterprise social graph is a representation of the extended social network of a business, encompassing relationships among its employees, vendors, partners, customers, and the public. With the advent of Web 2.0 and Enterprise 2.0 technologies a company can monitor and act on these relationships in real-time. Given the number of relationships and the volume of associated data, algorithmic approaches are used to focus attention on changes that are deemed relevant.

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# Enterprise social graph

An **enterprise social graph** is a representation of the extended social network of a business, encompassing relationships among its employees, vendors, partners, customers, and the public. With the advent of Web 2.0 and Enterprise 2.0 technologies a company can monitor and act on these relationships in real-time. Given the number of relationships and the volume of associated data, algorithmic approaches are used to focus attention on changes that are deemed relevant.

## Origin

The term was first popularized in a 2010 *Forbes* article, to describe the multi-relational nature of enterprise-centric networks that are now at least partially observable at scale. The enterprise social graph integrates representations of the various social networks in which the enterprise is embedded into a unified graph representation. Given the online context of many of the relationships, social interactions often comprise direct communication along with interactions around digital artifacts. Therefore, the enterprise social graph codifies not only relationships among individuals but also individual-object interaction patterns. This definition follows Facebook's and Google's concept of a social graph that explicitly includes the objects with which individuals interact in a network.

Examples of these relationship patterns can include authorship, sharing or sending information, management or other social hierarchy, bookmarking, and other gestural signals that describe a relationship between two or more nodes. Additional representational challenges arise with the need to capture interaction dynamics and their changing social context over time, and as such, representational choices vary based ultimately on the analytic questions that are of interest.

Besides being a specialized type of social graph, the enterprise social graph is related to network science and graph theory.

## Applications

Changes in how people connect, share, accomplish tasks through online social networks, combined with the growth of ambient public information relevant to an enterprise, contribute to the dynamism and increasing complexity of enterprise social graphs. Whereas meetings, phone calls, or email have been the traditional media for these exchanges, increasingly collaboration and conversation occurs via online social media. As Kogut and Zander point out, the more tacit knowledge is, the more difficult and expensive it is to transmit, since the costs of codifying and teaching will rise as tacitness increases. The consumerization of social business software enables simpler and more cost-effective ways making relationships and tacit knowledge both observable and actionable.

From an internal enterprise perspective, understanding the enterprise social graph can provide greater awareness of internal dynamics, organizational and information flow inefficiencies, information seeking and expert identification, or exposing opportunities for new valued connections. From an external perspective, it can provide deeper insights into marketplace conditions and customer demand, customer issues and concerns, product development and co-creation, supply-side operational awareness or external causal relationships.

Recent developments in big data analysis, combined with graph mining techniques, make it possible to analyze petabytes of structured and unstructured information and feed user-facing applications. In making use of the enterprise social graph, such applications excel at search, routing, and matching operations, particularly where these include personalization, statistical analysis and machine learning. Examples of applications that combine big data mining techniques over the enterprise social graph include business intelligence, personalized activity streams and intelligent filtering, social search, recommendation engines, automated question or message routing, expertise identification, and information context discovery.


title: Enoch Hall House

abstract: The Enoch Hall House is a historic house on Bean Road in Buckfield, Maine. Probably built in the 1790s, this house is notable as the home of one of Buckfield's early settlers, Enoch Hall, a politically active man who helped draft the Maine State Constitution in 1819. The house is also notable for the murals drawn on the walls of the second floor hallway and bedrooms probably around 1830; the artist is unknown. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

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# Enoch Hall House

The **Enoch Hall House** is a historic house on Bean Road in Buckfield, Maine. Probably built in the 1790s, this house is notable as the home of one of Buckfield's early settlers, Enoch Hall, a politically active man who helped draft the Maine State Constitution in 1819. The house is also notable for the murals drawn on the walls of the second floor hallway and bedrooms probably around 1830; the artist is unknown. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

## Description and history

The main block of the house is a 1+12-story wood-frame house in a vernacular Cape form. It is set on a granite foundation, is clad in weatherboard siding, and has a central chimney. It has a fine Federal style door surround, with sidelight windows topped by a transom panel. A series of single-story additions extend from the rear of the main block.

The interior is arranged with one room on either side of the chimney, with a small vestibule in front of it, and a kitchen space behind. The rear corners are taken up by a pantry and lavatory on the west side, and a steep stair climbing to the upstairs on the east. The northwest chamber has a more elaborate fireplace surround than that to the northeast, and was probably the finest room in the house. The fireplace surrounds appear to post-date the construction of the house, because they are clearly based on patterns published by Asher Benjamin in 1806.

The upstairs has an unusual configuration for houses of this type, because the only stairwell is not located in the entry vestibule, where it is typically found. A long, narrow hallway extends along the back of the upper level, providing access to two bedrooms. The western of the two bedrooms has a barrel-vaulted plaster ceiling, and all three upstairs spaces are extensively painted with murals. The motifs of the work (leafy trees, landscape scenes, and stenciled figures) are typical of the school of work originated by Rufus Porter, but the subject matter includes elements not typically associated with Porter himself. The most unusual figures include marine mammals, two horses, and a striped cat playing with a mouse. Orison Wood, another itinerant painter, has been proposed as the artist, but was rejected on stylistic grounds.

Enoch Hall (1763–1835) moved to Buckfield from Windham in 1783 to settle this property. Local history claims that he built this house nine years later. This is supported by the general architecture of the structure, but is contradicted by the fireplace mantel designs, which may have been a later alteration. Hall represented Buckfield in the Massachusetts General Court, and was a member of the convention that drafted the Maine State Constitution in 1819, just prior to its separation from Massachusetts. He then served as a representative in the inaugural Maine State Legislature in 1820–21.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Enoch Hall House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
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| Nearest city | Buckfield, Maine |
| Coordinates | 44°17′01″N 70°20′35″W / 44.2836°N 70.3431°W / 44.2836; -70.3431 |
| Area | 34 acres (14 ha) |
| Built | 1800 (1800) |
| Architectural style | Federal |
| NRHP reference No. | 93001431 |
| Added to NRHP | December 23, 1993 |