title: Fernhill, Bowenfels

abstract: Fernhill is a heritage-listed former house and former inn located beside the Great Western Highway in Bowenfels, City of Lithgow, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1856 to 1859 by John Blackman. It is also known as Australia Arms Inn. The property is owned by National Trust of Australia (NSW). It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. On 18 July 2019 it was sold as a residential property.

text:
# Fernhill, Bowenfels

***Fernhill*** is a heritage-listed former house and former inn located beside the Great Western Highway in Bowenfels, City of Lithgow, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1856 to 1859 by John Blackman. It is also known as **Australia Arms Inn**. The property is owned by National Trust of Australia (NSW). It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. On 18 July 2019 it was sold as a residential property.

## History

The original land grant was issued to William Dwyer in 1837 for Portion 36, Parish Lett and County Cook. In 1856, Portion 36 was purchased by John Blackman. Between 1856 and 1858 the extant Fernhill complex was constructed and was known as the Australia Arms Inn.

John Blackman died in 1860 and his widow Elizabeth operated it as an inn until 1873, after which time she lived in it as her home and renamed it *Fernhill House*. After her death the property passed into the joint ownership of Richard Merrick (Blackman's nephew) and her nephew, James Peacock.

From 1910 to the 1950s their descendants continued to live in the property. Eva Merrick died in 1970 and bequeathed her portion and its contents to the National Trust of Australia (NSW). After protracted and financial negotiations the National Trust acquired the remaining shares in 1982.

## Description

*Fernhill* is a single storey dressed stone building with ten rooms on the ground floor, four attic rooms and a cellar under the store room. The double pitched and hipped roof has a longitudinal valley and covered stepped verandah roof to three sides. The entrance door is six panelled with diagonally glazed sidelights and fanlight. Internal doors are four panel doors. Windows are six paned sash type. French doors lead off to the verandah. All joinery throughout is cedar. There are four fine stone fireplaces, one plain and three with well carved leaf, flower and acorn motifs. The timber shingled roof remains under the corrugated iron sheeting. The former bar has built-in cupboards with small paned glass doors while other door fanlights are rectangular small panes. The kitchen wing forms a separate brick wing and comprises a large centre kitchen with ovens, fireplace, dining room and laundry, linked to the main house by a single verandah. The stables are in the form of a large rectangular building constructed of rubble sandstone and dressed quoins and lintels. The doorways are spanned by well-designed three-centred arches, the centre one leading to the coach space and the others to stable and feed and harness room with hayloft over. In the grounds there is a stone privy. The rubble front fence is built from stones of John Blackman's house in the Hartley Valley. The land comprises 15 hectares (37 acres) of predominantly cleared grazing land with a gently undulating fall from the road commencing from behind the barn. There are many fine mature trees in the grounds.

### Condition

Physical condition is fair. Archaeological potential is medium.

### Modifications and dates

Between 1856 and 1858 the inn complex was constructed. The initial complex included and inn, stables, privy and kitchen block. Between 1910 and the 1930s additional timber outbuildings and services for the separate portions of the property were constructed. An iron garage was constructed c.1930s. A new stone fence was built on the front boundary c.1934. In 1940 a spring fed dam was constructed and the garden was enlarged. c.1950. Construction of a new bathroom between the kitchen wing and the main building took place c.1950 and the kitchen was moved to the main building.

## Heritage listing

As at 1 October 1997, Fernhill is of State significance as an inn dating from the mid-nineteenth century that once formed a part of a chain of other inns stretching from Sydney to the Western Goldfields. It is significant as a group of well constructed buildings set in extensive grounds demonstrating the pattern of land settlement and travel during the late nineteenth century. Fernhill is significant for the collection of makeshift furniture made at and for Fernhill.

*Fernhill* was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.

**The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.**

*Fernhill* is historically significant because it once formed part of an important link in the chain of wayside inns that stretched from Sydney to the Western Goldfields. Together with other inns it is a major component of the pattern of land settlement, transport and travel that characterised development along the Western Road, from the crossing of the Blue Mountains in 1815 to the opening of the railway to Lithgow in the 1860s.

**The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.**

Fernhill is of aesthetic significance because it is a well crafted early colonial Georgian roadside inn complete with fine stone barn and other outbuildings, situated in beautiful grounds.

**The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.**

*Fernhill* is of social significance because it was built by a prominent family of early settlers in the district. It is also associated with major families in its district, that have been resident in the Lithgow, Bowenfels, Hartley area from the early eighteenth century to present, and who have a continuing association and concern about the welfare of Fernhill.

**The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.**

*Fernhill* is of research significance for the wealth of information available about the place, through primary documents, through recollections of the associated family and particularly through the building fabric furniture, contents, garden and grounds.

### Bibliography

* Fairway, T.; Sheedy, D. (1975). *National Trust Classification Card*.
* Lavelle, Siobhan (1993). *"History" in Moore & Walker, Fernhill A Conservation Policy*.
* Moore, Robert; Walker, Meredith (1993). *Fernhill A Conservation Policy*.

### Attribution

This Wikipedia article was originally based on Fernhill, entry number 00225 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under CC-BY 4.0 licence, accessed on 1 June 2018.

## InfoBox

| *Fernhill* | |
| --- | --- |
| Heritage boundaries | |
| Location | Great Western Highway, Bowenfels, City of Lithgow, New South Wales, Australia |
| Coordinates | 33°31′29″S 150°09′06″E / 33.5247°S 150.1518°E / -33.5247; 150.1518 |
| Built | 18561859 |
| Owner | National Trust of Australia (NSW) |
|  | |
| New South Wales Heritage Register | |
| Official name | Fernhill; Australia Arms Inn |
| Type | State heritage (built) |
| Designated | 2 April 1999 |
| Reference no. | 225 |
| Type | Inn/Tavern |
| Category | Commercial |
| Builders | John Blackman |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of *Fernhill* in New South Wales | |


title: Feroze V Rasheed

abstract: Feroz V Rasheed is an Indian cricketer, who has played in 68 first-class matches between 1989 and 1998. Rasheed, an all-rounder, was a prominent player for Kerala in the 90's. Rasheed was Kerala's captain when they qualified for the Ranji Trophy Super League, after emerging as the south zone winners in the 1996–97 season. Rasheed was also a Ranji Trophy selector, as well as the selector for Uttarakhand's U-16, U-19 and U-23 teams.

text:
# Feroze V Rasheed

**Feroz V Rasheed** is an Indian cricketer, who has played in 68 first-class matches between 1989 and 1998. Rasheed, an all-rounder, was a prominent player for Kerala in the 90's. Rasheed was Kerala's captain when they qualified for the Ranji Trophy Super League, after emerging as the south zone winners in the 1996–97 season.

Rasheed was also a Ranji Trophy selector, as well as the selector for Uttarakhand's U-16, U-19 and U-23 teams.

## InfoBox

Feroz V Rasheed
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Feroz Valiaveettil Rasheed |
| Born | (1969-02-23) 23 February 1969
Ernakulam, Kerala |
| Role | Right-hand batsman
Right-arm medium
Cricket selector |
| Source: ESPNcricinfo, 19 July 2020 | |


title: File (company)

abstract: File is a Turkish retail company founded in 2015, owned by Bim. Unlike Bim whose stores are mostly discounters, File's locations are made up of hypermarkets. As of April 2021, the company has 135 locations and around 4,000 employees. All the company's 135 locations are in Turkey.

text:
# File (company)

**File** is a Turkish retail company founded in 2015, owned by Bim. Unlike Bim whose stores are mostly discounters, File's locations are made up of hypermarkets. As of April 2021, the company has 135 locations and around 4,000 employees.

All the company's 135 locations are in Turkey.

## History

In 2015, Bim wanted to invest in the supermarket category after claiming their title as one of the dominant companies in the Turkish discount store industry, thus founding File. The companys first store was opened inside the Prestige Shopping Mall in İstanbul, Başakşehir. The company has their own subsidiaries as well, such as Harras which is the producer of baked goods sold in File stores and Actisoft which is the producer of household cleaning products.

In 2021, the company developed a grocery delivery app called "File Market".

1. "File Market Kimin? Sahibi kimdir?". *Sonhaberler* (in Turkish). 2021-06-06. Retrieved 2022-05-20.
2. "135 şubeye ulaşan File e-ticarete "merhaba" dedi". *RetailTürkiye* (in Turkish). Retrieved 2022-05-20.
3. "BİM ilk File'sini açtı". *www.perakende.org*. Retrieved 2022-05-20.
4. "File'den eve teslimat odaklı mobil uygulama: File Market". *Webrazzi* (in Turkish). 2021-05-26. Retrieved 2022-05-20.

## InfoBox

FİLE Süpermarket
| Industry | Retail |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 2015 |
| Key people | Haluk Dortluoğlu |
| Number of employees | 4,000 |
| Website | file.com.tr |


title: Final Battle (2015)

abstract: Final Battle was a two-night professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the U.S.-based wrestling promotion Ring of Honor (ROH). It took place on December 18 and 19, 2015 at the 2300 Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was the 14th event under the Final Battle chronology. The first night was a pay per view broadcast, and the second night was a set of tapings for ROH's flagship TV show Ring of Honor Wrestling. It was the 2nd major professional wrestling Traditional pay per view to be broadcast live from the 2300 Arena. In the first night, nine matches took place with one in the pre-show. In the main event, Jay Lethal defeated A.J. Styles to retain the ROH World Championship. In another prominent match of the event, Adam Cole defeated Kyle O'Reilly in a grudge match. Other matches in the undercard, Roderick Strong retained the ROH World Television Championship against Bobby Fish, War Machine defeated The Kingdom to win the ROH World Tag Team Championships, Alex Shelley, Matt Sydal and A. C. H. defeated The KRD, and Michael Elgin defeated Moose.

text:
# Final Battle (2015)

**Final Battle** was a two-night professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the U.S.-based wrestling promotion Ring of Honor (ROH). It took place on December 18 and 19, 2015 at the 2300 Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was the 14th event under the Final Battle chronology. The first night was a pay per view broadcast, and the second night was a set of tapings for ROH's flagship TV show *Ring of Honor Wrestling*. It was the 2nd major professional wrestling Traditional pay per view to be broadcast live from the 2300 Arena.

In the first night, nine matches took place with one in the pre-show. In the main event, Jay Lethal defeated A.J. Styles to retain the ROH World Championship. In another prominent match of the event, Adam Cole defeated Kyle O'Reilly in a grudge match. Other matches in the undercard, Roderick Strong retained the ROH World Television Championship against Bobby Fish, War Machine defeated The Kingdom to win the ROH World Tag Team Championships, Alex Shelley, Matt Sydal and A. C. H. defeated The KRD (The Addiction (Christopher Daniels and Frankie Kazarian) and Chris Sabin), and Michael Elgin defeated Moose.

## Storylines

Final Battle featured professional wrestling matches that involved wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds or storylines that play out on ROH's television program, *Ring of Honor Wrestling*. Wrestlers will portray heroes (faces) or villains (heels) as they follow a series of events that build tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches.

On September 18, 2015, at All Star Extravaganza VII A.J. Styles defeated Roderick Strong, Michael Elgin, and Adam Cole to become the number one contender to the ROH World Championship. On November 4, 2015, ROH announced that A.J. Styles would take his championship match at Final Battle 2015 against ROH World Champion Jay Lethal.

In November, Roderick Strong issued an open challenge to the world for his ROH World Television Championship. On November 21, 2015, Bobby Fish answered the challenge, claiming his victory over Roderick Strong in Chicago on September 12, 2015, was enough for him to be number one contender. Roderick Strong accepted the challenge and purposed for it to take place at Final Battle.

On September 18, 2015, at All Star Extravaganza VII The All Night Express would return to defeat The Briscoes in an open challenge. At Glory By Honor XIV The Briscoes would tie it up with a win over King and Titus. On November 27, ROH Matchmaker Nigel McGuiness announced that it would be The Briscoes vs. The All Night Express at Final Battle 2015 for the number one contendership to the ROH World Tag Team Championship. The Young Bucks would interrupt causing Nigel McGuiness to throw them into the mix making it a three-way tag match at Final Battle to face The Kingdom or War Machine at ROH's next pay-per-view event.

At Survival of the Fittest (2015) Michael Elgin won the Survival of the Fittest tournament, earning him an ROH World Championship match. Moose who was also in the Survival of the Fittest tournament was defeated by Michael Elgin in a 3-Way Match between Elgin, Moose, and Adam Cole. Moose would be upset with Elgin causing Moose's manager Stokely Hathaway to issue a challenge to Elgin at Final Battle. Michael Elgin would accept, and Nigel McGuiness would sign for Moose vs. Michael Elgin at Final Battle 2015.

At Best in the World 2015 Dalton Castle defeated Silas Young. At All Star Extravaganza VII Silas Young defeated Dalton Castle earning Dalton Castle's boys. On December 4, it was announced that Dalton Castle would go head to head with Silas Young one more time at the Final Battle pay per view.

## Results

### Night 1 (PPV)

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1P | Cheeseburger defeated Bob Evans (with Tim Hughes) | Singles match | 07:28 |
| 2 | The All Night Express (Rhett Titus and Kenny King) defeated The Briscoe Brothers (Jay Briscoe and Mark Briscoe) and The Young Bucks (Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson) | Three-way tag team match to determine the number one contender for the ROH World Tag Team Championship | 09:15 |
| 3 | Silas Young defeated Dalton Castle | Singles match | 10:40 |
| 4 | Michael Elgin defeated Moose (with Stokely Hathaway) | Singles match | 11:47 |
| 5 | Adam Cole defeated Kyle O'Reilly | Singles match | 16:08 |
| 6 | A. C. H., Alex Shelley and Matt Sydal defeated Chris Sabin and The Addiction (Christopher Daniels and Frankie Kazarian) | Six-man tag team match | 15:38 |
| 7 | Roderick Strong (c) defeated Bobby Fish | Singles match for the ROH World Television Championship | 15:17 |
| 8 | War Machine (Hanson and Raymond Rowe) defeated The Kingdom (Michael Bennett and Matt Taven) (c) (with Maria Kanellis) | Tag team match for the ROH World Tag Team Championship | 03:10 |
| 9 | Jay Lethal (c) (with Truth Martini and Taeler Hendrix) defeated A.J. Styles | Singles match for the ROH World Championship | 22:09 |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match  P  – the match was broadcast on the pre-show | | | |

### Night 2 (TV Tapings)

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Roderick Strong defeated Stevie Richards | Singles match | 10:20 |
| 2 | Caprice Coleman defeated Will Ferrara | No Disqualification match | 5:45 |
| 3 | Jonathan Gresham defeated Cedric Alexander (with Veda Scott) | Singles match | 3:32 |
| 4 | Michael Elgin defeated Donovan Dijak (with Truth Martini) | Singles match | 9:15 |
| 5 | Mandy Leon and Sumie Sakai defeated Deonna Purrazzo and Hania The Huntress | Tag team match | 7:10 |
| 6 | The All Night Express (Rhett Titus and Kenny King) defeated Roppongi Vice (Baretta and Rocky Romero) | Tag team match | 10:50 |
| 7 | War Machine (Hanson and Raymond Rowe) defeated The House of Truth (Donovan Dijak and Joey Daddiego) (with Truth Martini) | Tag team match | 3:32 |
| 8 | Dalton Castle defeated Jay Briscoe, Matt Sydal and Moose (with Stokely Hathaway) | Four corner survival match | 9:25 |
| 9 | Kelly Klein (with B. J. Whitmer) defeated Taeler Hendrix (with Truth Martini), Veda Scott and Kimber Lee | Four corner survival match | 7:28 |
| 10 | The Addiction (Christopher Daniels and Frankie Kazarian) defeated Alex Shelley and A. C. H. | Tag team match | 10:07 |
| 11 | Mark Briscoe defeated Adam Page (with B. J. Whitmer and Colby Corino) | Singles match | 6:33 |
| 12 | The Young Bucks (Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson) (with A.J. Styles) defeated The Kingdom (Adam Cole and Michael Bennett) (with Maria Kanellis) and reDRagon (Bobby Fish and Kyle O'Reilly) | Three-way Philadelphia Street Fight | 15:45 |

## InfoBox

| Final Battle (2015) | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional poster featuring various ROH wrestlers | |
| Promotion | Ring of Honor |
| Date | December 18, 2015 (PPV)
December 19, 2015 (TV taping) |
| City | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| Venue | 2300 Arena |
| Pay-per-view chronology | |
| **Previous**
Survival of the Fittest **Next**
ROH 14th Anniversary Show | |
| ROH Final Battle chronology | |
| **Previous**
2014 **Next**
2016 | |


title: FabricLive.35

abstract: FabricLive.35 is a DJ mix compilation album by Marcus Intalex, as part of the FabricLive Mix Series.

text:
# FabricLive.35

***FabricLive.35*** is a DJ mix compilation album by Marcus Intalex, as part of the FabricLive Mix Series.

## Track listing

1. **Calibre** ft. **Lariman** \- Over Reaction - *Signature*
2. **Calibre** \- All the Days - *Signature*
3. **Lynx** ft. **Kemo** \- Global Enemies - *Soul:r*
4. **Commix** \- Faceless (Marcus Intalex Remix) - *Shogun*
5. **Jonny L** \- Come Here - *Mr L Records*
6. **Amaning** vs **Dubwise** \- Smash V.I.P - *Soul:r*
7. **Soulmatic** \- Self Belief - *Good Looking*
8. **Calibre** ft. **DRS** \- Hustlin' - *Signature*
9. **Calibre** \- Mr Right On - *Signature*
10. **Deadly Habit** \- Synesthesia (Theory Remix) - *Tentative*
11. **Breakage** \- Clarendon - *Digital Soundboy*
12. **Alix Perez** & **Lynx** \- Allegiance - *Soul:r*
13. **Zero Tolerance** ft. **Steo** \- Refusal - *Soul:r*
14. **Mist:ical** \- Time to Fly - *Soul:r*
15. **Duo Infernale** \- Feeling Blue - *Soul:r*
16. **Instra:Mental** \- Pacific Heights - *Darkestral*
17. **Bango Collective** ft. **Kemo** & **Dennis Jones** \- Apocalypse - *Soul:r*
18. **Mist:ical** \- Groove Me - *Soul:r*
19. **Alix Perez** & **Sabre** \- Solitary Native - *SGN:LTD*

## InfoBox

| FabricLive.35 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Marcus Intalex | |
| Released | August 20, 2007 |
| Genre | Drum and Bass |
| Label | Fabric |
|  | |
| FabricLive chronology | |
| *FabricLive.34*
(2007) ***FabricLive.35***
(2007) *FabricLive.36*
(2007) | |
|  | |


title: Callitris rhomboidea

abstract: Callitris rhomboidea, commonly known as the Oyster Bay pine, Tasmanian cypress pine, Port Jackson pine, Illawarra mountain pine, or dune cypress pine, is a species of conifer in the family Cupressaceae. It is native to Australia, occurring in South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. It has become naturalized near Auckland, New Zealand, and can be found on the island of Taillefer Rocks in Tasmania.

text:
# Callitris rhomboidea

***Callitris rhomboidea***, commonly known as the **Oyster Bay pine**, **Tasmanian cypress pine**, **Port Jackson pine**, **Illawarra mountain pine**, or **dune cypress pine**, is a species of conifer in the family Cupressaceae. It is native to Australia, occurring in South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. It has become naturalized near Auckland, New Zealand, and can be found on the island of Taillefer Rocks in Tasmania.

## Description

*Callitris rhomboidea* is a spreading evergreen shrub or small tree growing to 15 meters tall. The hairless leaves are keeled dorsally, green or glaucous in colour, and typically measure 2-3 mm long, though some may grow to 7 mm. This species is monoecious. The female cones are spherical or near spherical and occur in clusters, measuring 8-25 mm in diameter when open. The male cones measure around 3 mm long, occurring at the ends of branches singly or in clusters.

## InfoBox

| *Callitris rhomboidea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Pinophyta |
| Class: | Pinopsida |
| Order: | Cupressales |
| Family: | Cupressaceae |
| Genus: | *Callitris* |
| Species: | ***C. rhomboidea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Callitris rhomboidea***
R.Br. Ex Rich. & A.Rich. | |
|


title: February 26

abstract: February 26 is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar; 308 days remain until the end of the year.

text:
# February 26

| \<\< | February | | | | | \>\> |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Su | Mo | Tu | We | Th | Fr | Sa |
|  |  |  |  | 01 | 02 | 03 |
| 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 |
| 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
| 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
| 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 |  |  |
|
| **2024** | | | | | | |

|
|  |
| **February 26 in recent years** |
| 2024 (Monday) |
| 2023 (Sunday) |
| 2022 (Saturday) |
| 2021 (Friday) |
| 2020 (Wednesday) |
| 2019 (Tuesday) |
| 2018 (Monday) |
| 2017 (Sunday) |
| 2016 (Friday) |
| 2015 (Thursday) |

**February 26** is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar;  308 days remain until the end of the year (309 in leap years).

## Events

### Pre-1600

### 1601–1900

### 1901–present

## Births

### Pre-1600

### 1601–1900

### 1901–present

## Deaths

### Pre-1600

### 1601–1900

### 1901–present

## Holidays and observances


title: Courtallam

abstract: Courtallam is a panchayat town situated at a mean elevation of 160 m (520 ft) in the foothills of the Western Ghats in Tenkasi district of Tamil Nadu, India. The Coutrallam Falls on the Chittar River is a major tourist attraction.

text:
# Courtallam

**Courtallam** is a panchayat town situated at a mean elevation of 160 m (520 ft) in the foothills of the Western Ghats in Tenkasi district of Tamil Nadu, India. The Coutrallam Falls on the Chittar River is a major tourist attraction.

## Climate

| Climate data for Courtallam, Tamil Nadu | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.0
(84.2) | 30.5
(86.9) | 32.1
(89.8) | 32.4
(90.3) | 32.5
(90.5) | 30.7
(87.3) | 29.9
(85.8) | 30.0
(86.0) | 30.6
(87.1) | 29.9
(85.8) | 28.6
(83.5) | 28.5
(83.3) | 30.4
(86.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20.9
(69.6) | 21.5
(70.7) | 23.0
(73.4) | 24.1
(75.4) | 24.7
(76.5) | 23.8
(74.8) | 23.4
(74.1) | 23.4
(74.1) | 23.2
(73.8) | 22.9
(73.2) | 22.1
(71.8) | 21.2
(70.2) | 22.8
(73.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 41
(1.6) | 36
(1.4) | 66
(2.6) | 107
(4.2) | 95
(3.7) | 152
(6.0) | 138
(5.4) | 71
(2.8) | 76
(3.0) | 224
(8.8) | 216
(8.5) | 97
(3.8) | 1,319
(51.8) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Courtallam had a population of 2,368. Males constitute 41% of the population and females 59%. Courtallam has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78% and, female literacy is 74%. 7% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Location

Located in the Western Ghats, Courtallam is part of the Agasthiamalai range, the mountain bearing the name of sage Agastya who is believed to have lived in the area. The closest town to Courtallam is Tenkasi at 5 km (3.1 mi). The closest airports are Tuticorin Airport (91 km away )and Trivandrum International Airport (122 km away) Madurai International Airport (162 km). The nearest railway station is at Tenkasi, 5 km (3.1 mi) away.

## Places of interest

Courtallam Falls is located near the town.

The Kutralanatha swamy temple is the location of Chitra Sabha, one of the five sabhas of Nataraja, a form of Lord Shiva. Pancha Sabhai Sthalangal refers to the temples of Nataraja, a form of the Hindu god Shiva where he performed the Cosmic Dance Tandava. The temple at the foot of the hill is conch-shaped which has special significance in Hindu tradition. Tamil poet Thirukudarasappa Kavirayar sang about the beauty of this place in his "Kutraala Kuravanji". Kurumpalaveesar, sung in Tevaram was done by Sambandar. It is one of the shrines of the 275 Paadal Petra Sthalams.

Owing to its natural setting, Courtallam has featured in many films.

## InfoBox

| Courtallam Coutrallam | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Main waterfalls | |
| CourtallamLocation in Tamil Nadu, India | |
| Coordinates: 8°56′03″N 77°16′40″E / 8.9342°N 77.2778°E / 8.9342; 77.2778 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| District | Tenkasi |
| Taluk | Tenkasi |
| Government | |
| Type | Town Panchayat |
| Elevation | 167.64 m (550.00 ft) |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 2,368 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Telephone code | 04633 |
| Vehicle registration | TN 76 |
| Website | https://tenkasi.nic.in/tourist-place/coutrallam/ |


title: Cantons of Tarbes

abstract: The cantons of Tarbes are administrative divisions of the Hautes-Pyrénées department, in southwestern France. Since the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015, the city of Tarbes is subdivided into 3 cantons. Their seat is in Tarbes.

text:
# Cantons of Tarbes

The **cantons of Tarbes** are administrative divisions of the Hautes-Pyrénées department, in southwestern France. Since the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015, the city of Tarbes is subdivided into 3 cantons. Their seat is in Tarbes.

## Cantons

| Name | Population (2019) | Cantonal Code |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Canton of Tarbes-1 | 13,901 | 6510 |
| Canton of Tarbes-2 | 14,145 | 6511 |
| Canton of Tarbes-3 | 14,712 | 6512 |
|

43°14′N 0°05′E / 43.23°N 0.08°E / 43.23; 0.08


title: The Last Animal

abstract: The Last Animal is a 2023 science fiction novel by Ramona Ausubel. The novel follows a newly-widowed mother and her two teenaged daughters. During a scientific expedition in Siberia, the girls stumble upon a perfectly-preserved baby wooly mammoth, and the family must choose how to move forward with this scientific discovery.

text:
# The Last Animal

***The Last Animal*** is a 2023 science fiction novel by Ramona Ausubel. The novel follows a newly-widowed mother and her two teenaged daughters. During a scientific expedition in Siberia, the girls stumble upon a perfectly-preserved baby wooly mammoth, and the family must choose how to move forward with this scientific discovery.

## Plot

*The Last Animal* follows sisters Vera (12) and Eve (15), as well as their newly-single mother, a year after their father died while transporting Neanderthal tissue samples. Their mother, Jane, brings the sisters to the Arctic to tag along on a scientific expedition searching for woolly mammoth remains. The team hopes that bringing back certain extinct mammals may help reverse climate change.

Bored, Vera and Eve wander away from the expedition and accidentally discover a perfectly preserved, four-thousand-year-old baby mammoth. Tensions rise as other scientists try to claim the discovery, and the family opts to go rogue. Together with Jane's billionaire friend, they impregnate an elephant with genetically modified embryo using baby mammoth’s DNA.

## Reception

According to the review aggregator Bookmarks.reviews, *The Last Animal* received seven "rave" reviews, four "positive" reviews, and one "mixed" review.

In a starred review, *Kirkus Reviews* noted that *The Last Animal* includes "an amazing amount of humor, pizazz, wisdom, and wonder" for "a story that is essentially about processing grief".

*Publishers Weekly* also provided the novel with a starred review, referring to the novel as a "gem" while *Booklist*'s Heather Booth called it "transfixing".

On behalf of *Shelf Awareness*, Emma Page expanded on these descriptions by writing, "The world of *The Last Animal* is both strikingly recognizable and yet laced with magic, a place where things Ausubel's characters can barely imagine exist just beneath the surface of everyday life".

Writing for *The Washington Post*, Ron Charles called *The Last Animal* "a sweet, poignant descendant of *Jurassic Park",* noting that the novel's "quirky comedy \[...\] constantly pushes back against the story’s abiding gloom" and "the whole book is glazed with a thin layer of absurdity".

On behalf of the *Los Angeles Times*, Meredith Maran wrote, "Ausubel is a supernaturally gifted writer whose heart, soul, wit and intellect are evident in every wacky setting, character and plot line she weaves. Few authors can do what she does, seemingly effortlessly". Maran concluded that potential readers should "forget everything you think you know about your reading tastes, sink into \[Ausubel's\] weird world and prepare to fall in love with a 4,000-year-old baby mammoth".

NPR's Jason Heller also commented on Ausubel's writing style, saying it has a "telltale zing". However, On behalf of *The New York Review of Books*, Regina Marler indicated that much of Ausubel's writing strengths are missing from the novel: "Only once in this novel does she deploy her stunning gift for the narrative swerve \[... Her\] elegant prose is skillfully stripped back in this book". Both Heller and Marler, however, discussed the larger issues the novel discusses. While Heller found the novel amusing, he also highlighted how it " tackles sexism, both personal and institutional, \[...\] with wryness rather than clickbait cliches".

Considering what Marler considered a "headlong plot" and "the ethical issues thrumming behind the action", they also noted that "there’s a directness to Vera’s speech that can make this novel feel like children’s literature at times, spelling out what the reader has already intuited," a critique Mike Peed, writing for *The New York Times Book Review*, also highlighted, saying, "Ausubel grips her reader’s hand firmly, constantly dropping blunt reminders of her tale’s ideas and stripping them of nuance. While the family’s revelations are deeply felt, and the book’s concerns authentic, misty-eyed pronouncements run riot."

Writing for *The Christian Science Monitor*, Heller McAlpin highlighted how *The Last Animal* is filled with "outlandish albeit endearing improbabilities" and concluded that the novel "is a hairy but cuddly beast of a novel that sheds life lessons, some heartwarming, many sticky with sentiment".

*Library Journal* also reviewed the novel.

## Honors

*Kirkus Reviews* named *The Last Animal* one of the best novels of 2023.

## InfoBox

The Last Animal
| First edition cover | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Ramona Ausubel |
| Publisher | Riverhead Books |
| Publication date | April 18, 2023 |
| ISBN | 9780593420522 |


title: Fall in Love (Ryan Paris song)

abstract: "Fall in Love" is a song recorded by Italian singer Ryan Paris.

text:
# Fall in Love (Ryan Paris song)

"**Fall in Love**" is a song recorded by Italian singer Ryan Paris.

## Commercial performance

On 5 March 1984, the song debuted at number 75 in Germany, eventually peaking at number 67 for one week.

## Track listing and formats

* **Italian 7-inch single**

A. "Fall in Love" (Vocal Version) – 3:50 B. "Fall in Love" (Instrumental Version) – 3:45 * **Italian 12-inch single**

A. "Fall in Love" (Vocal) – 6:40 B. "Fall in Love" (Instrumental) – 6:35 * **German 7-inch single**

A. "Fall in Love" (Vocal Version) – 4:20 B. "Fall in Love" (Instrumental Version) – 3:54 * **German 12-inch maxi-single**

A. "Fall in Love" (Vocal Version) – 7:30 B. "Fall in Love" (Instrumental Version) – 7:00

## Credits and personnel

* Ryan Paris – vocals
* Gazebo – songwriter
* Pierluigi Giombini – songwriter, producer, arranger
* Marcello Spiridioni – mastering
* Michele De Luca – cover art, photographer

Credits and personnel adapted from the 7-inch single liner notes.

## Charts

Weekly chart performance for "Fall in Love"
| Chart (1984) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Denmark (IFPI) | 15 |
| Finland (Suomen virallinen lista) | 28 |
| West Germany (Official German Charts) | 67 |
|

## InfoBox

| "Fall in Love" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Ryan Paris | |
| B-side | "Fall in Love (Instrumental Version)" |
| Released | 1984 |
| Genre | Italo disco |
| Length | 3:50 |
| Label | Discomagic |
| Songwriter(s) | Gazebo |
| Producer(s) | Pierluigi Giombini |
| Ryan Paris singles chronology | |
| "Dolce Vita"
(1983) "**Fall in Love**"
(1984) "Paris on My Mind"
(1984) | |


title: Faid, Rhineland-Palatinate

abstract: Faid is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Cochem, whose seat is in the like-named town.

text:
# Faid, Rhineland-Palatinate

**Faid** is an *Ortsgemeinde* – a municipality belonging to a *Verbandsgemeinde*, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the *Verbandsgemeinde* of Cochem, whose seat is in the like-named town.

## Geography

The municipality lies at the edge of the Eifel near the river Moselle, 6 km west of the district seat of Cochem. Faid's municipal area comprises 823 ha, of which 363 ha is wooded and another 261 ha is used for agriculture. The nearby mountain, the “Galgenkopf” (“Gallows Head”), has an elevation of 413 m above sea level.

## History

About Faid's beginnings, nothing can be said with any certainty. According to a legend, the village's name comes from *Fett*German for “fat” – from the story that holds that the village once had to supply the lordly kitchen with fat. It seems likelier, though, that the name comes from the Latin word *feudum*, which means “fief” (and which also yields the English word “feudal”). Another scholarly opinion, however, holds that the name is indeed of Latin origin, but that it rather comes from *fagus*, the word for “beech”.

In 943, Faid had its first documentary mention in a donation document made out for the Stablo Monastery. A further document from 1255 states that a lady was donating her holdings at *Vyde* to Himmerod Abbey. In a 1518 agreement between *Feudt* and townsmen from Klotten, the latter party ceded a piece of land lying before *Serberg* to the *Feudter* (the former party). For this service, Faid was obliged to deliver to the church in Klotten three fourths of a pound of wax each year.

Faid formed together with Cochem a single municipality. In a 1678 Electoral decree, it was declared that the Faid dwellers were fellow townsmen of the town of Cochem, and as such, they were spared levies imposed by the *Amt*, although they had to do compulsory labour in Cochem. As seen in a bill that has come down from 17 November 1695, any townsman from Faid who went to live in Cochem needed to pay only half for this privilege that those from other places paid.

Faid shared woodlands and wilderness with the town of Cochem, and from time to time, this caused problems. On 29 March 1546, Elector Ludwig von Hagen decreed that each townsman from Faid who wanted to build a new house had leave to remove from the communal forest two cartloads of wood; however, he had to announce his intention beforehand to the mayor in Cochem, who then sent along a sworn forestry officer who would then score each of the trees that the villager was allowed to cut. Firewood seemed to be a particular problem in the communal forest, so much so that in 1744 Cochem town council saw fit to refuse Faid dwellers the privilege of gathering firewood in the parts of the communal forest known as *Daustert* and *Heinterwald*, restricting their firewood gathering to *Serberg*, and then only on established firewood gathering days. The villagers, for their part, refused the new decree and kept gathering firewood in *Daustert* and *Heinterwald*, bringing about various incidents between the authorities and the townsmen. In one incident, a squad of armed men led by Cochem's chronicler forced their way into a household whose owner's daughter had been caught unlawfully gathering firewood, threw all his belongings about, and seized a calf that they found in a stall, it being the only thing of value. The Elector's response in the face of the villagers’ complaints does not seem to have been very helpful, for they eventually went along with the decree.

Even when the forest was partitioned in 1793, the Faiders complained that they had not been given their fair share in the deal. The French Revolutionary Wars, however, soon put an end to any pursuit of the village's claims. In 1828, a further attempt at settling the dispute over the woodlands came to an end when Cochem withdrew its offer of one fourth of the forest district of *Schleimet* once Faid had angrily turned it down, insisting on the village's claim to the whole of *Schleimet*. The last chapter in this saga came in 1832 when the municipality of Faid turned to the Royal Government at Koblenz, which ruled that since the Faiders had been using their part of the forest without any apparent problem since the partition, they obviously agreed with it.

Grazing rights were one more thing that brought the village into disputes. In an effort to soothe the villagers’ worries about losing them, Elector Jakob von Eltz decreed in 1571 that Faid had grazing rights right up to the edge of Cochem's vineyards, but only in winter. In summer, the village's herdsmen had to keep their stock on the mountain. In 1575, when the young lord Pfilipp zu Winneburg built a sheep farm at Winneburg (castle) and his shepherds often led their flocks across Faid's limits, the Faiders took his wethers, rams and goats away and sold them, as the bailiff of Cochem had advised them to do. This they kept doing until the grazing incursions stopped.

Faid was somewhat less successful in keeping its grazing rights in Cochem's wild lands. About 1840, Cochem claimed that Faid had no such rights, and forbade the villagers to graze their livestock there. Nevertheless, they once again ignored an official pronouncement, and the village shepherd continued to graze his sheep in the wild lands, for which offence he was booked and subsequently penalized by the court. The village then decided to send a delegation to Trier to seek the old documents granting them grazing rights in the wild lands in the old Electoral archive. The delegates were turned away and told that the more recent Prussian administration had had all such documents transferred to Koblenz. No such thing was to be found there, however, and Faid thereby lost its grazing rights in Cochem's wild lands. As it later turned out, no delegation had ever needed to go anywhere. In 1887 – somewhat too late for the delegation's purposes – the document that had been sought was found – in Faid's own municipal chest.

Towards the end of the 17th century, the village of Faid did not stand on quite the same spot as today, but rather somewhat to the northwest. The church stood at the village's east end. Old writings suggest here and there that the churchyard was surrounded by such a high wall that the villagers used it in times of need as a refuge. Furthermore, in 1689, after the conquest of the town of Cochem in the Nine Years' War (known in Germany as the *Pfälzischer Erbfolgekrieg*, or War of the Palatine Succession), eleven townsmen from Cochem were held in the churchyard by the French, who had taken them hostage. The siege of Cochem had also wrought great hardship in Faid, which sometime between 1680 and 1684 had been almost utterly destroyed in a great fire, just before the French came. Once there, their efforts to defend against the German Emperor's forces eventually brought about yet another great fire, which burnt the village to the ground; only the church was left standing. When Faid was built anew, the building was done around the old church, essentially moving the village to the southeast, and even leaving one street once wholly within the village – Bohrgasse – wholly outside it.

The bad luck continued into the 18th century with yet another great fire, this one set off by lightning, on 13 July 1714. This time, the church was not spared, and all but a few houses burnt down, along with a great deal of livestock. A plea was made to the Elector to lift certain levies for a period of three years to ease the great “poverty and ruin” that the fire had brought down on the village.

In 1718, on the Elector's orders, all land was measured, and the information yielded by this survey was compiled into a *Grund- und Extraktbuch*, a catalogue not only of land measurements, but also ownership. Non-resident owners at this time were Himmerod Abbey, Stuben Monastery, Sieburg Monastery, the Foundation at Pfalzel (nowadays an outlying centre of Trier) and the virgins’ convent at Karden. Hunting rights were held by the Lords of Metternich-Winneburg, as were fishing rights on the Ellerbach, although these were actually jointly held with the Elector of Trier. The monastic institutions were later stripped of their landholdings in 1794 when the French Revolutionary occupation began.

The Seven Years' War was particularly hard on Faid, then known as *Faith* (this was pronounced more like “fight” than like the English word spelt the same way, as is the name's modern form, too). The villagers were forever having to supply and billet troops, a very costly and burdensome exercise.

In 1815 Faid was assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia at the Congress of Vienna. Since 1946, it has been part of the then newly founded state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

## Politics

### Municipal council

The council is made up of 16 council members, who were elected by majority vote at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.

### Mayor

Faid's mayor is Stefan Thomas.

### Coat of arms

The German blazon reads: *Zweimal gespaltener Schild im roten Feld ein aus dem Schildfuß wachsender goldener Abtsstab, silbernes Feld mit schwarzem, rot bewehrten Wolf mit roter Zunge. Rotes Feld mit goldener Palme.*

The municipality's arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Gules a pale argent surmounted by a wolf rampant sable armed and langued of the first, the whole between an abbot's staff issuant from base Or and a palm leaf palewise of the same.

The gold abbot's staff refers to the monastic institutions at Pfalzel, Himmerod, Springiersbach, Siegburg and Stuben, which all owned holdings in Faid, although in the early 19th century, these were auctioned off by the French. The central charge on the pale, the wolf, is borrowed from the arms borne by Stavelot in Belgium. The Monastery there was the first one to receive a donation of a holding in Faid, in 943. The palm leaf is Saint Stephen’s attribute, thus representing the church's patron saint, who was mentioned as being such as early as 1470, and then again in 1656. As early as Romanesque times, a church stood in Faid.

The arms were designed by A. Friderichs of Zell.

## Culture and sightseeing

### Buildings

The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-Palatinate’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:

* Saint Stephen’s Catholic Parish Church (*Pfarrkirche St. Stephan*), Dorfstraße 36 – Romanesque (?) west tower, aisleless church 1750; eight grave crosses, 17th and 18th century
* Dorfstraße – *Quereinhaus* (a combination residential and commercial house divided for these two purposes down the middle, perpendicularly to the street)
* Dorfstraße 15 – *Quereinhaus*; timber-frame building, partly solid, from 1750
* Dorfstraße 19 – *Quereinhaus*; timber-frame building, partly solid, from 1839
* Near Dorfstraße 36 – sandstone graveyard cross, from 1847
* Entepfuhl – well with well house
* Stiergass 1 – *Quereinhaus*; timber-frame building, partly solid, plastered, 18th or 19th century

## InfoBox

| Faid | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Location of Faid within Cochem-Zell district | |
| Faid Faid | |
| Coordinates: 50°8′41″N 7°7′9″E / 50.14472°N 7.11917°E / 50.14472; 7.11917 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Rhineland-Palatinate |
| District | Cochem-Zell |
| Municipal assoc. | Cochem |
| Government | |
| Mayor (201924) | Stefan Thomas |
| Area | |
| Total | 8.23 km2 (3.18 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 388 m (1,273 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 1,037 |
| Density | 130/km2 (330/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 56814 |
| Dialling codes | 02671 |
| Vehicle registration | COC |
| Website | www.faid.de |


title: Fair Warning Tour

abstract: The Fair Warning Tour was a concert tour by hard rock band Van Halen in support of their fourth studio album Fair Warning.

text:
# Fair Warning Tour

The **Fair Warning Tour** was a concert tour by hard rock band Van Halen in support of their fourth studio album *Fair Warning*.

## Background

The tour began with two to three night performances with the band being focused on performing only in North America. The June 11, 12 and 13 shows in Oakland were filmed, creating music videos for "Unchained", "So This is Love?" and "Hear About It Later", though Roth stated in an interview that the two nights of filming were a disaster and the footage from the third show had to be scrapped as a result. The band concluded their tour as an opening act for two shows with the Rolling Stones at Tangerine Bowl on October 24 and 25.

## Reception

Don Adair from *The Spokesman-Review* gave the performance he attended in Spokane a positive review. He began his review, stating that Van Halen was music to be enjoyed on the most elemental levels, citing it as flashy, showy, brazen hormone rock and that it was pointless to pass judgement on Van Halen. He acknowledged the stage design, adding that there was follow-spots lighting the band from the rear of the stage with others from out front and around the drum stand - noting it as the drum kit lit up like an encounter from the third kind. He continued on the speakers hanging from the coliseum's ceiling and front wall of the building adjacent to the stage with amplifiers behind the band, comparing it to a mountain range in aluminum. He would criticize the acoustics though as it did muddle Eddie Van Halen's playing. He praised David Lee Roth as still having the moves and hitting home with unerring accuracy, but had criticized his voice as being only average, stating his trademark squeal should have been forgotten long ago. He concluded his review, stating that the sold out audience got what they paid for.

Jim Bruce from *The Windsor Star* who attended the Cobo Arena show in Detroit, opening his review, noting on how all three of the shows that had sold out had translated to 50,000 fans aged between 15 and 25, with tremendous amounts of emotion given when the band had arrived on stage to which he described their entrance as if they appeared in a blaze of flashing light, adding that he thought Armageddon had arrived. He praised all four of the members in the band, citing them as proven master musicians - also referring to Eddie Van Halen as exceptionally fine lead guitarist. He concluded his review, stating that the audience at the conclusion of the show left with smiles on their faces instead of chips on their shoulders.

Jennifer Towell from *The Montreal Gazette* opened her review, noting on how the band showed everything in agreement to a banner fans made which declared: "Disco Sucks". She added that the noise level wasn't no accident as the band had brought more than 100 speakers to produce the sound that in comparison, had outblasted any record banned on the regular family stereo. She praised Eddie and Alex's musical accompaniment, saying it was the perfect complement to Roth's "sexually immodest gyrations".

## Setlist

## Tour dates

List of concerts, showing date, city, country and venue
| Date | City | Country | Venue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| North America | | | |
| May 12, 1981 | Halifax | Canada | Halifax Metro Centre |
| May 15, 1981 | Providence | United States | Providence Civic Center |
| May 16, 1981 | Portland | | Cumberland County Civic Center |
| May 17, 1981 | Glens Falls | | Glens Falls Civic Center |
| May 18, 1981 | Rochester | | Rochester Community War Memorial Arena |
| May 20, 1981 | Charleston | | Charleston Civic Center |
| May 22, 1981 | Louisville | | Freedom Hall |
| May 23, 1981 | Dayton | | Hara Arena |
| May 24, 1981 | Kalamazoo | | Wings Stadium |
| May 27, 1981 | Edmonton | Canada | Northlands Coliseum |
| May 28, 1981 | Calgary | | Stampede Corral |
| May 31, 1981 | Spokane | United States | Spokane Coliseum |
| June 2, 1981 | Vancouver | Canada | Pacific Coliseum |
| June 4, 1981 | Seattle | United States | Seattle Coliseum |
| June 5, 1981 | | | |
| June 8, 1981 | Portland | | Veterans Memorial Coliseum |
| June 9, 1981 | | |
| June 11, 1981 | Oakland | | Oakland Arena |
| June 12, 1981 | | |
| June 13, 1981 | | |
| June 16, 1981 | Las Vegas | | Aladdin Theatre |
| June 18, 1981 | Fresno | | Selland Arena |
| June 19, 1981 | Los Angeles | | Los Angeles Sports Arena |
| June 20, 1981 | Inglewood | | The Forum |
| June 21, 1981 | | |
| July 2, 1981 | Milwaukee | | MECCA Arena |
| July 3, 1981 | Detroit | | Cobo Arena |
| July 4, 1981 | | |
| July 5, 1981 | | |
| July 7, 1981 | Saint Paul | | St. Paul Civic Center |
| July 9, 1981 | Indianapolis | | Market Square Arena |
| July 10, 1981 | Chicago | | International Amphitheatre |
| July 11, 1981 | | |
| July 12, 1981 | Madison | | Dane County Veterans Memorial Coliseum |
| July 14, 1981 | Pittsburgh | | Pittsburgh Civic Arena |
| July 16, 1981 | New Haven | | New Haven Coliseum |
| July 17, 1981 | New York City | | Madison Square Garden |
| July 18, 1981 | Uniondale | | Nassau Coliseum |
| July 20, 1981 | Philadelphia | | Spectrum |
| July 21, 1981 | | |
| July 22, 1981 | | |
| July 24, 1981 | Boston | | Boston Garden |
| July 25, 1981 | | |
| July 27, 1981 | Roanoke | | Roanoke Civic Center |
| July 28, 1981 | Landover | | Capital Centre |
| July 29, 1981 | | |
| July 31, 1981 | Buffalo | | Buffalo Memorial Auditorium |
| August 2, 1981 | Richfield | | Richfield Coliseum |
| August 3, 1981 | | |
| August 4, 1981 | Toronto | Canada | Maple Leaf Gardens |
| August 5, 1981 | Montreal | | Montreal Forum |
| August 18, 1981 | Pembroke Pines | United States | Hollywood Sportatorium |
| August 19, 1981 | Lakeland | | Lakeland Civic Center |
| August 22, 1981 | Atlanta | | Omni Coliseum |
| August 23, 1981 | Knoxville | | Knoxville Civic Coliseum |
| August 24, 1981 | Charlotte | | Charlotte Coliseum |
| August 25, 1981 | Greensboro | | Greensboro Coliseum |
| August 27, 1981 | Hampton | | Hampton Coliseum |
| August 29, 1981 | Cincinnati | | Riverfront Coliseum |
| August 30, 1981 | Nashville | | Nashville Municipal Auditorium |
| August 31, 1981 | Birmingham | | Jefferson Civic Center |
| September 1, 1981 | Memphis | | Mid-South Coliseum |
| September 3, 1981 | Huntsville | | Von Braun Civic Center |
| September 4, 1981 | Jackson | | Mississippi Coliseum |
| September 5, 1981 | Biloxi | | Mississippi Coast Coliseum |
| September 6, 1981 | Baton Rouge | | Riverside Centroplex |
| September 8, 1981 | Shreveport | | Hirsch Memorial Coliseum |
| September 10, 1981 | Dallas | | Reunion Arena |
| September 11, 1981 | | |
| September 12, 1981 | Houston | | Sam Houston Coliseum |
| September 13, 1981 | | |
| September 28, 1981 | Phoenix | | Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum |
| September 29, 1981 | San Diego | | San Diego Sports Arena |
| October 2, 1981 | Austin | | Frank Erwin Center |
| October 3, 1981 | Norman | | Lloyd Noble Center |
| October 6, 1981 | Albuquerque | | Tingley Coliseum |
| October 7, 1981 | El Paso | | El Paso County Coliseum |
| October 9, 1981 | San Antonio | | San Antonio Convention Center |
| October 15, 1981 | Tulsa | | Tulsa Assembly Center |
| October 16, 1981 | Valley Center | | Kansas Coliseum |
| October 17, 1981 | Kansas City | | Kemper Arena |
| October 18, 1981 | St. Louis | | Checkerdome |
| October 20, 1981 | Omaha | | Omaha Civic Auditorium |
| October 21, 1981 | Cedar Rapids | | Five Seasons Arena |
| October 24, 1981 | Orlando | | Tangerine Bowl |
| October 25, 1981 | | |

### Box office score data

List of box office score data with date, city, venue, attendance, gross, references
| Date<br>(1981) | City | Venue | Attendance | Gross | Ref(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| July 12 | Madison, United States | Coliseum | 8,346 | $71,886 |  |
| July 14 | Pittsburgh, United States | Civic Arena | 13,374 | $129,052 |  |
| July 16 | New Haven, United States | Coliseum | 9,832 | $92,640 | |
| July 20–22 | Philadelphia, United States | Spectrum | 36,339 | $355,380 |  |
| July 24–25 | Boston, United States | Garden | 24,200 | $249,946 | |
| July 28 | Indianapolis, United States | Market Square Arena | 15,500 | $126,250 |  |
| August 19 | Lakeland, United States | Civic Center | 10,000 | $95,000 |  |
| August 29 | Cincinnati, United States | Coliseum | 9,897 | $98,679 |  |
| August 30 | Nashville, United States | Municipal Auditorium | 9,055 | $80,603 | |
| August 31 | Birmingham, United States | Civic Center | 9,542 | $82,978 |  |
| September 1 | Memphis, United States | Coliseum | 10,369 | $98,506 | |
| September 4 | Jackson, United States | Coliseum | 8,297 | $78,822 | |
| October 2 | Austin, United States | Frank Erwin Center | 17,617 | $104,734 |  |
| October 15 | Tulsa, United States | Assembly Center | 7,157 | $67,458 |  |
| October 18 | St. Louis, United States | Checkerdome | 14,082 | $127,395 | |

## Personnel

### Citations

### General sources

* Christopher, Michael (2021). *Van Halen: The Eruption and the Aftershock*. Lanham, Maryland: Backbeat. ISBN 9781493062102.

## InfoBox

Fair Warning Tour
| Tour by Van Halen | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | North America |
| Associated album | *Fair Warning* |
| Start date | May 12, 1981 (1981-05-12) |
| End date | October 25, 1981 (1981-10-25) |
| No. of shows | 81 |
| Van Halen concert chronology | |


abstract: Fanhunter, el juego de rol épicodecadente is a Spanish comedy role-playing game designed by Chema Pamundi, developed by Xavi Garriga, first edited by Cels Piñol in 1992 and set in the fictional universe created by Piñol under the name of Fanhunter. The first edition of the game, from 1992, was a self-edited publication made out of 500 photocopy-printed copies. The second edition, published in November 1993, was edited by the Farsa's Wagon publishing house.

text:
# Fanhunter, el juego de rol épicodecadente

***Fanhunter, el juego de rol épicodecadente*** (Spanish: *Fanhunter, the epic decadent role-playing game*) is a Spanish comedy role-playing game designed by Chema Pamundi, developed by Xavi Garriga, first edited by Cels Piñol in 1992 and set in the fictional universe created by Piñol under the name of *Fanhunter*. The first edition of the game, from 1992, was a self-edited publication made out of 500 photocopy-printed copies. The second edition, published in November 1993, was edited by the Farsa's Wagon publishing house.

## Setting

## Supplements

* *X-pansion Kit*, Farsa's Wagon, Barcelona, May 1994, ISBN 84-95583-02-X
* *Operación Anhilite*, Farsa's Wagon, Barcelona, November 1994, ISBN 84-95583-05-4
* *La Guia de Barnacity*, Farsa's Wagon, Barcelona, May 1994, ISBN 84-95583-04-6
* *BNC Tales*, Farsa's Wagon, Barcelona, May 1997, ISBN 84-95583-03-8
* *Spanish Show 1ª Parte*, Farsa's Wagon, Barcelona, March 2000, ISBN 84-95583-07-0
* *Spanish Show 2ª Parte*, Farsa's Wagon, Barcelona, July 2000, ISBN 84-95583-06-2
* *Spanish Show 3ª Parte*, Farsa's Wagon, Barcelona, September 2001, ISBN 84-95583-11-9

## Spinoffs

## InfoBox

Fanhunter
| Second edition cover (1993) | |
| --- | --- |
| Designers | Chema Pamundi |
| Publishers | Gusa Comics/Farsa's Wagon |
| Publication | 1992 (1st ed.)<br>1993 (2nd ed.) |
| Genres | Comedy |
| Systems | Custom |


title: Farajallah el-Helou

abstract: Farajallah Estephan el-Helou or Farjallah Helou was a Lebanese communist militant, a popular Lebanese political figure and head of the Lebanese Communist Party.

text:
# Farajallah el-Helou

**Farajallah Estephan el-Helou** (6 June 1906 – 25 June 1959) or Farjallah Helou (in Arabic فرج الله الحلو) was a Lebanese communist militant, a popular Lebanese political figure and head of the Lebanese Communist Party.

## Early life

Farajallah el-Helou was born to Estephane el-Helou in Hosrayel, Mount Lebanon in a conservative Maronite family. He studied at a public school in Byblos, then in Amsheet and Notre Dame de Mayfouq. His mother and part of his siblings left Lebanon, Farajallah el-Helou stayed with his father Estephane and who opted to stay and his siblings Mariana, older sister and Ghaleb his brother. He later traveled to Syria where he was a teacher in Arabic language and literature the National Evangelical College in Homs and also continued his studies in literature in Syria where he got exposed to Marxist ideology. At the end of the 1920s, he returned to Lebanon and alongside Fu'ad al-Shimali, Yusuf Yazbek and Artin Madoyan, a founding member of the Syrian–Lebanese Communist Party and the party's first secretary. He married Virginie el-Helou, a communist party sympathizer and had three daughters, Bushra, Najwa and Nada.

## Politics

In 1934, el-Helou travelled to the USSR including a tour of the Asian Soviet Socialist Republics and wrote the book *A New Humanity Building a New World* (In Arabic انسانية جديدة تبني عالما جديدا). In 1935, he became part of the Syrian–Lebanese Communist Party later renamed Lebanese Communist Party (LCP) and Syrian Communist Party. El-Helou became a member of its Central Committee and actively took part in demonstrations against the French Mandate of Lebanon and Syria and for independence of Lebanon. He was arrested briefly in Syria and deported to Lebanon. In 1937 he was named secretary of the Central Committee of the party headed by Khaled Bakdash. He unsuccessfully led an electoral campaign to be elected as a member of the Lebanese Parliament from Mount Lebanon. He also supervised the publication of the Lebanese Communist organ *Voice of the People* (in Arabic صوت الشعب). In 1939, he was arrested again, this time by the French Mandate and put to trial and convicted for 5 year imprisonment. He spent 22 months in prison alongside party leader Nicolas al-Shawi before release in 1941.

He headed the party in 1946 as Secretary General, a post that was hastily transferred to Nicolas el-Shawi as he traveled to Paris and London to study Marxism. He was further alienated from the party after his criticism of the USSR for approving the 1947 resolutions in United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine that led to the establishment of Israel in 1948. But he remained a staunch communist and member of the party although he was chastised for his views on USSR. During the Soviet Stalinist hegemony on the Lebanese Communist Party, he was blamed for criticizing the Soviet Union and after a big rift with the pro-Stalinist wing represented by Khalid Bakdash, was forced to write his own "confessions" and "admitting of mistakes" in a document known as "Risalat Salem" (رسالة سالم) in a bid to remain in the party. In the 1950s, his party actively opposed the rule of President Camille Chamoun in what was known as the 1958 uprising.

## Death

After the Khalid Bakdash communist leadership in Syria was decimated with the Syrian wing of the Communist Party opposing the establishment of United Arab Republic and the union of Egypt and Syria under a Nasserite regime, Bakdash lived in exile in Prague, as many other Syrian Communists found refuge in Lebanon. The Syrian communists drafted a plan of action and Farajallah El-Helou was, upon the insistence of Bakdash, sent to Syria to take care of situation of the Syrian communists. After visiting Syria, el-Helou returned to Lebanon in May 1959 presenting a long report to the party Central Committee about the situation. But with the insistence of the exiled and autocratic communist leader Bakdash, on 18 June 1959, Farajallah el-Helou went on his second secret mission to Syria in a year.

He was duly arrested after five days of his clandestine mission by the secret services of the United Arab Republic led by Abdel Hamid al-Sarraj and its Lebanese Affairs bureau led by Burhan Adham on 25 June after a defecting Syrian communist operative now working with the new pro-Nasser regime led the secret agents to his hideout in Damascus. He was repeatedly investigated by the Deuxième Bureau for naming other Syrian communists and sympathizers opposed to the union which he vehemently refused. He was reportedly killed under torture the same day or the following one or two days. The actual date of death is still a mystery. His body was first buried in a secret location, and fearing exposure of the crime, later his body was reportedly burned in a pool of sulfuric acid and his remains disposed of in the Barada river. Details of his torture, murder and disposal were made public by *Al Akhbar*, the official organ of the Syrian communists after the dissolution of the Egyptian Syrian union.

## Legacy

Farajallah el-Helou is widely considered as one of the martyrs of Arab communism. Many poems and songs are dedicated to him including one by the Egyptian poet and stage writer Naguib Srour.

In 1971 Soviet artist Lev Alexandrovich Russov sculpted a statue of martyr Farajallah el-Helou. The commemorative statue was bombed a few years later reportedly by the invading Syrian Army in retaliation after the leftist Lebanese National Movement made up of Arab nationalists, socialists and communists led by Kamal Jumblatt opposed the invasion.

Also in 1971, the critically acclaimed comedy/tragedy theatre piece written by Issam Mahfouz was presented on stage titled *Why Did Sirhan Sirhan Refuse What the Zaim Said About Farajallah el-Helou in Stereo 71* (in Arabic لماذا رفض سرحان سرحان ما قاله الزعيم عن فرج الله الحلو في ستيريو 71) Sirhan Sirhan being the Arab Palestinian Jordanian who killed Robert F. Kennedy and Zaim being the honorific title of Antoun Saadeh, the founder of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party. The piece was adapted and staged a second time in 2015 in the Gulbenkian Theatre in Lebanese American University directed this time by Lena Khoury.

In 1974, Dar al Farabi publishing house launched the book كتابات مختارة لفرج الله الحلو being excerpts from el-Helou's various writings.

After a decision of the Lebanese Communist Party, following the 2005 Cedar Revolution and withdrawal of Syria from Lebanon, Lev Alexandrovich Russov's blown commemorative statue was restored back and its official reopening was made on 19 September 2005, with thousands of sympathizers attending the event in Hosrayel, Farjallah el-Helou's birthplace.

In 2009, author Karim Mroueh published through Dar al Saqi the biographical book *The Four Great Communists in the Modern History of Lebanon: Fu'ad al-Shimali, Farajallah el-Helou, Nicolas el-Shawi, George Hawi*.

In 2013, the Lebanese communist radio station Voice of the People (صوت الشعب) broadcast a series of programmes about Farajallah el-Helou under the title *Farajallah el-Helou: Combatant and Martyr* (فرج الله الحلو: مناضلا وشهيدا).

Hanna Gharib, the newly elected general secretary of the Lebanese Communist Party visited the house and the statue of Farajallah el-Helou in Hosrayel in June 2016, few months after his election and delivered a speech honoring the historical leader and martyr of the party.

## InfoBox

| Farajallah el-Helou
فرج الله الحلو | |
| --- | --- |
| Statue of el-Helou in Hosrayel, Lebanon | |
| Born | Farajallah Estephan el-Helou
(1906-06-06)6 June 1906
Hosrayel, Byblos, Lebanon |
| Died | June 25, 1959(1959-06-25) (aged 53)
Damascus, Syria |
| Nationality | Lebanese |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Title | General Secretary |
| Predecessor | Fuad Shemali |
| Successor | Nicolas Shawi |
| Political party | Lebanese Communist Party |
| Spouse | Virginie el-Helou |
| Children | Boshra, Najwa and Nada |


title: Father Murphy

abstract: Father Murphy is an American Western drama television series that aired on the NBC network from November 3, 1981 to September 18, 1983. Michael Landon created the series, was the executive producer, and directed the show in partnership with William F. Claxton, Maury Dexter, Victor French, and Leo Penn.

text:
# Father Murphy

***Father Murphy*** is an American Western drama television series that aired on the NBC network from November 3, 1981 to September 18, 1983. Michael Landon created the series, was the executive producer, and directed the show in partnership with William F. Claxton, Maury Dexter, Victor French, and Leo Penn.

## Synopsis

The series stars former NFL Los Angeles Rams defensive tackle football player and *Little House on the Prairie* actor Merlin Olsen as an 1870s frontiersman named John Michael Murphy who teams up with prospector Moses Gage (Moses Gunn) to shelter a group of orphans who are being threatened with internment in a workhouse. Murphy disguises himself as a priest and befriends a schoolmarm to help the children find a home.

At the end of the first season, John's true identity is revealed to the head of the workhouse, and the orphans seem destined for a life of labor. Instead, Murphy marries the schoolmarm and they get custody of the children.

## Production

Many of the episodes were filmed at the Old Tucson Studios and theme park just outside Tucson, Arizona. The main village featured in the show was located at Big Sky Movie Ranch in Simi Valley, California; this was also the filming location for the television series *Little House on the Prairie*. The village was located approximately 200 yards (180 m) uphill from the Ingalls' farm set.

*Father Murphy* is an NBC production and is syndicated outside of the U.S. by MGM Worldwide Television, but MGM does not own the video rights.

## Cast

Notable guest appearances on the series include: Shannen Doherty, Mykelti Williamson, Kellie Martin, John M. Pickard, Eddie Quillan, Christina Applegate, Amanda Peterson, Donna Wilkes, Tina Yothers, Mary Beth Evans, Wilfrid Hyde-White, Jerry Hardin, James Cromwell, and Christopher Stone.

## Episodes

### Series overview

| Season | Episodes | | Originally aired | | Nielsen Rank | Nielsen Rating | Average viewership
(in millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | First aired | Last aired || | |
|  | 21 | | November 3, 1981 (1981-11-03) | April 11, 1982 (1982-04-11) | 52 | TBA | TBA |
|  | 13 | | September 28, 1982 (1982-09-28) | September 18, 1983 (1983-09-18) | 66 | TBA | TBA |

### Season 1 (1981–82)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | Prod.
code |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | "Pilot" | Michael Landon | Michael Landon | November 3, 1981 (1981-11-03) | 101-102 |
| 2 | | | | | | 2 |
|
| Two-hour (with commercials) movie. | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | 3 | "Eggs, Milk and a Dry Bed" | Michael Landon | Michael Landon | November 10, 1981 (1981-11-10) | 103 |
| 4 | 4 | "Establish Thou the Works of Our Hands" | Leo Penn | Paul W. Cooper | November 17, 1981 (1981-11-17) | 104 |
| 5 | 5 | "A Horse from Heaven" | William F. Claxton | Frank K. Telford | November 24, 1981 (1981-11-24) | 105 |
| 6 | 6 | "By the Bear That Bit Me: Part 1" | William F. Claxton | Ron Bishop & Steve Hayes & Michael Landon | December 1, 1981 (1981-12-01) | 106 |
| 7 | 7 | "By the Bear That Bit Me: Part 2" | William F. Claxton | Ron Bishop & Steve Hayes & Michael Landon | December 8, 1981 (1981-12-08) | 107 |
| 8 | 8 | "False Blessings" | Leo Penn | Vince R. Gutierrez | December 15, 1981 (1981-12-15) | 108 |
| 9 | 9 | "The Ghost of Gold Hill" | William F. Claxton | John T. Dugan | December 22, 1981 (1981-12-22) | 109 |
| 10 | 10 | "Graduation" | William F. Claxton | Peter Dixon | January 5, 1982 (1982-01-05) | 110 |
| 11 | 11 | "Will's Surprise" | William F. Claxton | Chris Abbott | January 12, 1982 (1982-01-12) | 111 |
| 12 | 12 | "Eighty-Eight Keys to Happiness" | Victor French | George Atkins | January 19, 1982 (1982-01-19) | TBA |
| 13 | 13 | "Knights of the White Camelia" | William F. Claxton | Don Balluck | February 2, 1982 (1982-02-02) | TBA |
| 14 | 14 | "The Parable of Amanda" | William F. Claxton | Paul W. Cooper | February 9, 1982 (1982-02-09) | TBA |
| 15 | 15 | "The Spy" | William F. Claxton | Michael Landon | February 16, 1982 (1982-02-16) | TBA |
| 16 | 16 | "The Heir Apparent" | William F. Claxton | Michael Landon | February 23, 1982 (1982-02-23) | TBA |
| 17 | 17 | "In God's Arms" | William F. Claxton | Paul W. Cooper | March 2, 1982 (1982-03-02) | TBA |
| 18 | 18 | "The Dream Day" | Maury Dexter | Michael Landon | March 14, 1982 (1982-03-14) | TBA |
| 19 | 19 | "Laddie" | William F. Claxton | Larry Bischof | March 21, 1982 (1982-03-21) | TBA |
| 20 | 20 | "Matthew and Elizabeth" | William F. Claxton | Chris Abbott | March 28, 1982 (1982-03-28) | TBA |
| 21 | 21 | "The First Miracle: Part 1" | William F. Claxton | Chris Abbott | April 4, 1982 (1982-04-04) | TBA |
| 22 | 22 | "The First Miracle: Part 2" | William F. Claxton | Chris Abbott | April 11, 1982 (1982-04-11) | TBA |

### Season 2 (1982–83)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 23 | 1 | "Happiness Is..." | William F. Claxton | Renee and Harry Longstreet | September 28, 1982 (1982-09-28) |
| 24 | 2 | "The Father Figure" | Joseph Pevney | Michael McGreevey | October 5, 1982 (1982-10-05) |
| 25 | 3 | "Stopover in a One-Horse Town" | William F. Claxton | Lee Sheldon | October 26, 1982 (1982-10-26) |
| 26 | 4 | "Outrageous Fortune" | Joseph Pevney | Lee Sheldon | November 9, 1982 (1982-11-09) |
| 27 | 5 | "The Reluctant Runaway: Part 1" | William F. Claxton | Chris Abbott | November 16, 1982 (1982-11-16) |
| 28 | 6 | "The Reluctant Runaway: Part 2" | William F. Claxton | Chris Abbott | November 23, 1982 (1982-11-23) |
| 29 | 7 | "Buttons and Beaux" | William F. Claxton | Gerry Day | November 30, 1982 (1982-11-30) |
| 30 | 8 | "John Michael Murphy, R.I.P." | Joseph Pevney | Michael Landon | December 7, 1982 (1982-12-07) |
| 31 | 9 | "The Witness" | Maury Dexter | Paul W. Cooper | December 14, 1982 (1982-12-14) |
| 32 | 10 | "Blood Right" | William F. Claxton | Don Buday | December 21, 1982 (1982-12-21) |
| 33 | 11 | "Sweet Sixteen" | William F. Claxton | Chris Abbott | December 28, 1982 (1982-12-28) |
| 34 | 12 | "The Rockets' Red Glare" | Joseph Pevney | Paul W. Cooper | June 1, 1983 (1983-06-01) |
| 35 | 13 | "The Matchmakers" | Joseph Pevney | Vince R. Gutierrez | September 18, 1983 (1983-09-18) |

## Home media

Image Entertainment (under license from NBC Studios) released both seasons of *Father Murphy* on DVD in Region 1 in 2004/2005.

| DVD Name | | Ep # | Release Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Season 1 | 22 | October 26, 2004 |
|  | Season 2 | 13 | January 25, 2005 |

## InfoBox

| *Father Murphy* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Western |
| Created by | Michael Landon |
| Directed by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Country of origin | United States |
| No. of seasons | 2 |
| No. of episodes | 34 |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Michael Landon |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Production company | NBC Productions |
| Original release | |
| Network | NBC |
| Release | November 3, 1981 (1981-11-03)
September 18, 1983 (1983-09-18) |


title: Fechner (crater)

abstract: Fechner is a lunar impact crater that lies on the far side of the Moon's southern hemisphere, attached to the western rim of the large walled plain Planck. The eastern rim of Fechner intersects the Vallis Planck, a long, wide cleft in the surface that follows a course to the north-northwest. This valley intrudes into the southeastern rim of the crater, then continues northwards from the periphery of the northeast rim. Attached to the western rim of Fechner is Fechner T, a small, bowl-shaped crater with a relatively high albedo ray system. This satellite crater is surrounded by a blanket of light-hued ejecta that spills across the southwestern half of Fechner's interior floor. The crater rim of Fechner is relatively worn and eroded, with the eastern half of the rim reshaped due to the valley and proximity to Planck. The interior floor is marked by several small craters. The crater is named after Gustav Theodor Fechner, a German physicist, psychologist, and philosopher (1801-1887). The name was approved by the IAU in 1970.

text:
# Fechner (crater)

**Fechner** is a lunar impact crater that lies on the far side of the Moon's southern hemisphere, attached to the western rim of the large walled plain Planck. The eastern rim of Fechner intersects the Vallis Planck, a long, wide cleft in the surface that follows a course to the north-northwest. This valley intrudes into the southeastern rim of the crater, then continues northwards from the periphery of the northeast rim.

Attached to the western rim of Fechner is Fechner T, a small, bowl-shaped crater with a relatively high albedo ray system. This satellite crater is surrounded by a blanket of light-hued ejecta that spills across the southwestern half of Fechner's interior floor. The crater rim of Fechner is relatively worn and eroded, with the eastern half of the rim reshaped due to the valley and proximity to Planck. The interior floor is marked by several small craters.

The crater is named after Gustav Theodor Fechner, a German physicist, psychologist, and philosopher (1801-1887). The name was approved by the IAU in 1970.

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Fechner.

| Fechner | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| T | 59.1° S | 122.9° E | 14 km |

## Bibliography

* Andersson, L. E.; Whitaker, E. A. (1982). *NASA Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature*. NASA RP-1097.
* Blue, Jennifer (July 25, 2007). "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature". USGS. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
* Bussey, B.; Spudis, P. (2004). *The Clementine Atlas of the Moon*. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81528-4.
* Cocks, Elijah E.; Cocks, Josiah C. (1995). *Who's Who on the Moon: A Biographical Dictionary of Lunar Nomenclature*. Tudor Publishers. ISBN 978-0-936389-27-1.
* McDowell, Jonathan (July 15, 2007). "Lunar Nomenclature". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 2007-10-24.
* Menzel, D. H.; Minnaert, M.; Levin, B.; Dollfus, A.; Bell, B. (1971). "Report on Lunar Nomenclature by the Working Group of Commission 17 of the IAU". *Space Science Reviews*. **12** (2): 136–186. Bibcode:1971SSRv...12..136M. doi:10.1007/BF00171763. S2CID 122125855.
* Moore, Patrick (2001). *On the Moon*. Sterling Publishing Co. ISBN 978-0-304-35469-6.
* Price, Fred W. (1988). *The Moon Observer's Handbook*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-33500-3.
* Rükl, Antonín (1990). *Atlas of the Moon*. Kalmbach Books. ISBN 978-0-913135-17-4.
* Webb, Rev. T. W. (1962). *Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes* (6th revised ed.). Dover. ISBN 978-0-486-20917-3.
* Whitaker, Ewen A. (1999). *Mapping and Naming the Moon*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-62248-6.
* Wlasuk, Peter T. (2000). *Observing the Moon*. Springer. ISBN 978-1-85233-193-1.

## InfoBox

Fechner
| Clementine mosaic with Fechner at center. Fechner T is the small bright crater at left. | |
| --- | --- |
| Coordinates | 59°00′S 124°54′E / 59.0°S 124.9°E / -59.0; 124.9 |
| Diameter | 63 km |
| Depth | *Unknown* |
| Colongitude | 237° at sunrise |
| Eponym | Gustav T. Fechner |


title: Faruk Türünz

abstract: Faruk Türünz is a Turkish luthier who specializes in ouds and is considered one of the best oud makers. His shop is in Istanbul, Turkey. Having worked as a primary school teacher for 10 years, Türünz started constructing ouds in 1984, after studying with Cafer Açın, head of the Musical Instruments Construction Branch of Istanbul Technical University. Since then, he has devised a method of tuning the oud's soundboard and braces. British oud player and musicologist Khyam Allami, who writes a blog for BBC Radio 3, described how he fell in love with one of Türünz's instruments: "How a musical instrument can break your heart I don't know but it did, and I was very sad." Türünz is considered a master oud-maker, and has people travel from countries such as Palestine to study with him.

text:
# Faruk Türünz

**Faruk Türünz** (born 28 June 1944 in Adana, Turkey) is a Turkish luthier who specializes in ouds and is considered one of the best oud makers. His shop is in Istanbul, Turkey.

Having worked as a primary school teacher for 10 years, Türünz started constructing ouds in 1984, after studying with Cafer Açın, head of the Musical Instruments Construction Branch of Istanbul Technical University. Since then, he has devised a method of tuning the oud's soundboard and braces.

British oud player and musicologist Khyam Allami, who writes a blog for BBC Radio 3, described how he fell in love with one of Türünz's instruments: "How a musical instrument can break your heart I don't know but it did, and I was very sad."

Türünz is considered a master oud-maker, and has people travel from countries such as Palestine to study with him.


title: Fay Marbe

abstract: Fay Dora Marbe was an American vaudeville and stage actress, singer and dancer.

text:
# Fay Marbe

**Fay Dora Marbe** (February 4, 1899  June 2, 1986) was an American vaudeville and stage actress, singer and dancer.

## Life and career

Marbe was born in New York City, the daughter of William Marbe, a German immigrant and merchant, who died under the wheels of a subway train in 1923. In interviews, Fay Marbe claimed that her family were part of "high society" in New York, and friends to the Astors and Caruso.

Fay Marbe entered show business as second lead dancer in Jerome Kern's *Oh, Boy!* in 1917, after producer William Elliott saw her performing at a charity event. She performed with Janette Hackett in a show built around Nora Bayes, but soon became a star in her own right as "a fine singer and dancer", noted for her physical attractiveness. She quickly became the focus of much publicity. She featured in the successful shows *The Velvet Lady* and *The Magic Melody* in 1919, and performed in Hollywood as a dancer in the film *The Very Idea* the following year. A critic in *The New York Dramatic Mirror* wrote:

> Miss Marbe has youth    is fairly alive with it and as she has a comely face and an attractive figure and knows just the kind of stage outfits to wear to catch both the masculine and feminine eyes, the answer is all in her favor. And how she works! A butterfly of kaleidoscopic colors one minute and a whirling, graceful exponent of the art of terpsichore the next. It is a treat.

In the early 1920s, she appeared on Broadway in *The Hotel Mouse* in 1922, and *Topics of 1923* the following year. She then travelled to Europe, and appeared on stage in London, and in several films in Germany, including Fritz Freisler's 1928 silent film *Dorine und der Zufall*. On her return to the U.S., she appeared in the 1929 comedy *The Talk of Hollywood* with her brother Gilbert, with whom she had previously danced in vaudeville.

By 1930, none of her films had been successful, and her attempts to launch herself as a cabaret performer also failed. She retired from performance soon afterwards.

Little is known of her later life. She lived in New York before moving to Fairfield, Connecticut, where she died in 1986 at the age of 87.

## InfoBox

| Fay Marbe | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Fay Dora Marbe
(1899-02-04)February 4, 1899
New York City, United States |
| Died | June 2, 1986(1986-06-02) (aged 87)
Fairfield, Connecticut, United States |
| Occupation(s) | Actress, singer, dancer |
| Years active | 1917–1931 |


title: Feel the Rhythm of Korea

abstract: Feel the Rhythm of Korea is a marketing campaign run by the Korea Tourism Organization, a government agency of South Korea. Each of its videos showcases one or more locations in the country. Many of the videos feature modern adaptations of traditional Korean folk music, while media personalities, singers, and dancers perform in iconic or scenic locations. Its first season of videos ran between 2020 and 2021. Its second season began in September 2021 and ran until 2022. A mini-series featuring songs selected by K-pop group BTS was released in October to November 2022. The campaign has been met with acclaim for its mix of traditional and modern elements of Korean culture, and has accumulated hundreds of millions of views total across various platforms. The first video alone accumulated over 200 million views within a few months of its release. The full songs composed exclusively for the advertising campaign have also been released. In September 2021, the album Feel the Rhythm of Korea Part 1 and the two-track single Feel the Rhythm of Korea Part 2 were released.

text:
# Feel the Rhythm of Korea

**Feel the Rhythm of Korea** is a marketing campaign run by the Korea Tourism Organization, a government agency of South Korea. Each of its videos showcases one or more locations in the country. Many of the videos feature modern adaptations of traditional Korean folk music, while media personalities, singers, and dancers perform in iconic or scenic locations.

Its first season of videos ran between 2020 and 2021. Its second season began in September 2021 and ran until 2022. A mini-series featuring songs selected by K-pop group BTS was released in October to November 2022.

The campaign has been met with acclaim for its mix of traditional and modern elements of Korean culture, and has accumulated hundreds of millions of views total across various platforms. The first video alone accumulated over 200 million views within a few months of its release.

The full songs composed exclusively for the advertising campaign have also been released. In September 2021, the album *Feel the Rhythm of Korea Part 1* and the two-track single *Feel the Rhythm of Korea Part 2* were released.

## List of videos

| Location | Date | Featuring | Notes | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Seoul | July 29, 2020 | Leenalchi – Music Ambiguous Dance Company Dance | Pop cover of the Pansori song Tiger is Coming |  |
| Busan | July 29, 2020 | Leenalchi – Music Ambiguous Dance Company – Dance | Pansori-style pop song "A Fish Map" (어류도감) |  |
| Jeonju | July 29, 2020 | Leenalchi – Music Ambiguous Dance Company – Dance | Pansori-style pop song "Catch a Rabbit" (좌우나졸) |  |
| Andong | October 13, 2020 | Leenalchi – Music Ambiguous Dance Company – Dance | Pop cover of part of the Pansori story "Sugungga" |  |
| Mokpo | October 13, 2020 | Leenalchi – Music Ambiguous Dance Company – Dance | Pop cover of the folk song "Pungnyeonga" |  |
| Gangneung | October 13, 2020 | Leenalchi – Music Ambiguous Dance Company – Dance | Pop cover of part of the Pansori story "Sugungga" |  |
| Incheon | March 21, 2021 | Leenalchi – Music Ambiguous Dance Company, cast of 2 Days & 1 Night– Dance | Pop cover of part of the Pansori story "Sugungga" |  |
| Busan & Tongyeong | September 2, 2021 | Sogumm – Music |  |  |
| Daegu | September 2, 2021 | Big Naughty – Music GroovyRoom – Music production Emet Sound – Dance | Hip-hop cover of folk song "Kwaejina Ching Ching Nane" |  |
| Seoul | September 2, 2021 | PH-1 – Music GroovyRoom – Music production | Hip-hop cover of Pansori song "Sarang Ga" |  |
| Suncheon | September 2, 2021 | Trade L – Music GroovyRoom – Music production | Hip-hop cover of folk song "Sae Taryeong" |  |
| Gyeongju & Andong | September 2, 2021 | Woo Won-jae – Music Sogumm – Featured Gray – Music production | Hip-hop cover of folk song "Ganggangsullae" |  |
| Gangneung & Yangyang | September 2, 2021 | Jay B – Music GroovyRoom – Music production | R&B cover of folk song Niliria |  |
| Seoul | September 2, 2021 | GEMINI – Music GroovyRoom – Music production | Hip-hop cover of folk song "Arirang" |  |
| Seosan | September 2, 2021 | Woodie Gochild – Music GroovyRoom – Music production | Hip-hop cover of folk song "Ong Heya", video reference to franchise *Mad Max* |  |
| Mokpo | November 3, 2021 | Mommy Son Music Coe – Music production | Hip-hop cover of folk song "Pungnyeongga" (풍년가) |  |
| Jeonju | November 3, 2021 | Wonstein – Music Coup D'état – Music production | Hip-hop cover of folk song "Taepyeong Ga" |  |
| Yeosu | May 20, 2022 | Lee Hyun, Solji Music | Orchestral song and video reference the *Pirates of the Caribbean* franchise, as well as turtle ships |  |
| Pyeongchang | May 20, 2022 |  | Piano cover of "My Grandfather's Clock" |  |
| Incheon | May 20, 2022 | Lee Hyun – Music |  |  |

### Feel the Rhythm of Korea with BTS

A mini-series was released in October and November 2022 that featured songs chosen to represent each location by Suga and Jimin of the K-pop group BTS.

| Location | Featuring | Notes | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Busan | Cho Yong-pil  Music | 1972 blues song "Come Back to Busan Port" |  |
| Daejeon | Songgolmae – Music | 1982 rock song "You, I Happened to Meet" |  |
| Pohang | Drunken Tiger  Music | 1999 rap song "This is Hiphop!" |  |
| Jeju | Park Sung-yeon – Music | 2016 jazz song "The Wind is Blowing", Park died in 2020 and was known as the "Godmother of Jazz Music", and opened the first jazz-only club in the country in 1978. |  |

## Success and acclaim

Many of its videos have garnered dozens of millions of views each. The July 2020 first video in the series, covering the capital city Seoul and featuring pansori–hip hop fusion music by Leenalchi and dance by the Ambiguous Dance Company (Korean: 앰비규어스댄스컴퍼니), received over 200 million views across several platforms by October 2020. The video led to a boom in popularity for both Leenalchi and the Ambiguous Dance Company, with the latter going on to collaborate with British band Coldplay in their music video for the song "Higher Power".

An October 2022 video covering the city of Busan that featured K-pop group BTS received four million views on its first day, and surpassed 100 million views by December of that year. The video was also played on billboard ads in the United States, Britain, Singapore, Thailand, Japan, and Qatar.

Videos in the campaign have been praised by international and domestic observers. Lebawit Lily Girma of *Skift* called it a "clever, energy-packed message for travelers as to what makes the destination stand out from a cultural and outdoor standpoint, whether it’s Seoul’s vibrant fashion-clad streets and residents of all ages, or Korea’s surfing towns and islets contrasting against its rural daily life scenes".

In March 2021, the head of the KTO and organizer of the campaign Oh Chung-seop (오충섭) received a presidential award in recognition of the success of the campaign. By the time of the award, the videos had received over 600 million views on YouTube and Facebook.


title: Felix in Hollywood

abstract: Felix in Hollywood is an American silent short film featuring Felix the Cat, released on July 15, 1923. The short was named number 50 of The 50 Greatest Cartoons of all time in a 1994 survey of animators and cartoon historians.

text:
# Felix in Hollywood

***Felix in Hollywood*** is an American silent short film featuring Felix the Cat, released on July 15, 1923. The short was named number 50 of The 50 Greatest Cartoons of all time in a 1994 survey of animators and cartoon historians.

## Plot

Felix and his owner want to go to Hollywood, but they are penniless, so his owner sends him out to get a job. He stumbles upon a shoe store needing help, where he plans on bringing in customers by forcing them to step in bubble gum. His scheme is successful and he earns $500, which he hands over to his owner.

When they arrive in Hollywood, Felix dumps his owner to pursue his own career in acting at Static Studio, where he is more than happy to display his acting skills, showing both joy and sorrow for the studio boss. Soon after, he hears someone yelling for help, and to his surprise, finds Douglas Fairbanks being attacked by giant mosquitoes. Also standing nearby is William S. Hart, whom he grabs a gun from and shoots the mosquitoes. This act of bravery amuses Cecil B. DeMille, who then signs him to a contract.

Felix also runs into Charlie Chaplin, Will Hays, Snub Pollard, Ben Turpin and Gloria Swanson by peeping through the keyhole of her dressing room. This short film is the first animated cartoon to feature caricatures of Hollywood celebrities. In the film, when Felix performs an accurate impression of Charlie Chaplin's walk, where he turns his tail into a walking cane to mimic Chaplin, Felix is accused by Chaplin of "stealing my stuff". This short sequence was an inside joke inserted into the cartoon by Otto Messmer. Chaplin reportedly told Pat Sullivan: "I have only one rival - Felix".

## Reception and legacy

The short was named number 50 of The 50 Greatest Cartoons of all time in a 1994 survey of animators and cartoon historians by Jerry Beck, making it the only Felix the Cat cartoon on the list.

*Felix in Hollywood* was partly responsible for the creative idea of placing Hollywood celebrity cameos into cartoons, which can be seen in later films from other animation studios including Disney and Warner Bros.

*Felix in Hollywood*, along with other classic cartoons, were featured on Cartoon Network on March 14, 1998, as part of "The 50 Greatest Cartoons of All Time" marathon.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Felix in Hollywood | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Otto Messmer |
| Produced by | Pat Sullivan |
| Animation by | Bill Nolan
Otto Messmer |
| Color process | Black and white |
| Production
company | Pat Sullivan Studios |
| Distributed by | Margaret J. Winkler |
| Release date | * July 15, 1923 (1923-07-15) |
| Running time | 9:17 |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |