title: Desde Siempre

abstract: Desde Siempre is the second compilation album by Puerto Rican singer Chayanne, which was released on March 29, 2005.

text:
# Desde Siempre

***Desde Siempre*** (Since Ever) is the second compilation album by Puerto Rican singer Chayanne, which was released on March 29, 2005.

## Album information

Unlike of his previous compilation album *Grandes Éxitos*, this album is a collection of Chayanne ballads with a new song "Contra Vientos y Mareas" by Franco De Vita.

## Track listing

The track listing from Billboard.com

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Album | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Contra Vientos y Mareas" | Franco De Vita | Previously unreleased | 4:03 |
| 2. | "Un Siglo Sin Ti" | Franco De Vita | *Sincero* | 4:40 |
| 3. | "Volver a Nacer" | Estéfano, Ximena Zapata | *Volver a Nacer* | 4:53 |
| 4. | "Cuidarte el Alma" | Marc Durandeau, Cris Zalles | *Sincero* | 4:13 |
| 5. | "Fuiste un Trozo de Hielo en la Escarcha" | José María Cano | *Chayanne* | 4:47 |
| 6. | "Atado a Tu Amor" | Estéfano | *Atado a Tu Amor* | 5:02 |
| 7. | "El Centro de Mi Corazón" | Alejandro Vezzani | *Provócame* | 3:47 |
| 8. | "Pienso En Ti" | Estéfano | *Atado a Tu Amor* | 4:17 |
| 9. | "Yo Te Amo" | Estéfano | *Simplemente* | 4:50 |
| 10. | "Sólamente Tu Amor" | Donato Poveda, Hal S. Batt | *Volver a Nacer* | 3:24 |
| 11. | "Daría Cualquier Cosa" | Julio Seijas, Luis Gómez Escolar | *Tiempo de Vals* | 3:20 |
| 12. | "Entre Mis Recuerdos" | Albert Hammond; H. Knight | *Volver a Nacer* | 3:46 |

## Music videos

1. Contra Vientos y Mareas

## Personnel

* Alex Acuña – percussion, drum machine
* Carlos Alvarez – mixing
* Marcelo Anez – engineer
* Tommy Anthony – backing vocals
* Kevin Apple – stylist
* Marcello Azevedo – acoustic guitar, bass, arranger, electric guitar, programming
* Greg Bartheld – programming
* Odisa Beltrán – production assistant
* Manny Benito – vocal producer, vocal coach
* Andres Bermudez – assistant engineer
* Edwin Bonilla – percussion
* Jorge Calandrelli – synthesizer, piano, arranger, producer
* Alberto Carballo – graphic design
* Jessica Chirino – backing vocals
* Michael "Junno" Cosculluela – backing vocals
* David Davidson – violin
* Doug Emery – arranger, drum programming
* Estéfano – producer
* Ronnie Foster – arranger, producer
* Mike Fuller – mastering
* Iker Gastaminza – arranger, engineer, mixing
* Julio Hernandez – bass
* Richard Howell – assistant engineer
* Paul Jackson Jr. – guitar
* Max Kolibe – engineer
* Abraham Laboriel – bass
* Anthony LaMarchina – cello
* Lee Levine – arranger, drums, programming
* Roberto Livi – producer
* John Lucas – backing vocals
* Ricardo Eddy Martinez – arranger, producer
* Chris McDonald – string arrangements
* Miami Symphonic Orchestra – strings
* Raul Midón – backing vocals
* Joel Numa – engineer
* Luis Fernando Ochoa – producer
* Alfredo Oliva – concert master
* Wendy Pedersen – backing vocals
* Lena Pérez – backing vocals
* Donato Póveda – producer
* Julio C. Reyes – conductor, orchestration
* Gustavo Sanchez – producer
* Randy Singer – harmonica
* Cesar Sogbe – engineer, mixing, vocal engineer
* Rafael Solano – percussion
* Rene Toledo – guitar, arranger, producer, vocal coach
* Carlos Cats Valldejuli – production coordination
* Mauricio Velez – photography
* Dan Warner – electric guitar
* James Warner – engineer
* Bruce Weeden – mixing
* Kristin Wilkinson – viola
* Cristian Zalles – backing vocals

## Charts

| Chart (2005) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| *Billboard* European Top 100 Albums | 66 |
| U.S. *Billboard* 200 | 182 |
| U.S. *Billboard* Top Latin Albums | 8 |
| U.S. *Billboard* Latin Pop Albums | 2 |
|

## Sales and certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Argentina (CAPIF) | Platinum | 40,000^ |
| Mexico (AMPROFON) | Gold | 50,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| Desde Siempre | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Chayanne | |
| Released | March 29, 2005 |
| Recorded | 1988–2005 |
| Genre | Latin pop |
| Label | Sony BMG |
| Chayanne chronology | |
| *Sincero*
(2003) ***Desde Siempre***
(2005) *Cautivo*
(2005) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Desde Siempre* | |
| 1. "Contra Vientos y Mareas"
Released: 2005 | |
|  | |


abstract: The Deputy Speaker of the Karnali Provincial Assembly is subordinate to the Speaker of the Karnali Provincial Assembly. They are responsible for the Karnali Provincial Assembly and the second highest ranking provincial officer of the Karnali Provincial Assembly. They act as the presiding officer in case of leave or absence caused by death or illness of the Speaker of the Karnali Provincial Assembly. The deputy speaker is chosen from sitting members of the Karnali Provincial Assembly. The deputy speaker can be removed from office by a resolution passed in the assembly by an effective majority of its members. The current deputy speaker is CPN, Yashoda Neupane in office since 18 January 2023.

text:
# Deputy Speaker of the Karnali Provincial Assembly

The **Deputy Speaker of the Karnali Provincial Assembly** is subordinate to the Speaker of the Karnali Provincial Assembly. They are responsible for the Karnali Provincial Assembly and the second highest ranking provincial officer of the Karnali Provincial Assembly. They act as the presiding officer in case of leave or absence caused by death or illness of the Speaker of the Karnali Provincial Assembly. The deputy speaker is chosen from sitting members of the Karnali Provincial Assembly. The deputy speaker can be removed from office by a resolution passed in the assembly by an effective majority of its members.

The current deputy speaker is CPN (Maoist Centre), Yashoda Neupane in office since 18 January 2023.

## Qualification

The Constitution of Nepal sets the qualifications required to become eligible for the office of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker. A Speaker and Deputy Speaker must meet the qualifications to become a member of the provincial assembly. A member of the provincial assembly must be:

(a) One who is a citizen of Nepal;

(b) One who is a voter of the concerned Province;

(c) One who has completed the age of twenty-five years;

(d) One who is not convicted of a criminal offense involving moral turpitude;

(e) One who is not disqualified by any law; and

(f) One who is not holding any office of profit.

## Removal

"Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Provincial Assembly shall fall vacant in any of the following circumstances:-

(a) "In case he or she ceases to be a member of the Provincial Assembly;
Provided that, in the event of the dissolution of the Provincial Assembly, the Speaker of Province and the Deputy Speaker holding their respective offices shall continue in office until the previous day of the filing of nominations for another election to the Provincial Assembly;

(b) "In case he or she tenders resignation in writing;

(c) "In case a resolution is adopted by a majority of two-thirds of the total number of the then members of the Provincial Assembly to the effect that his or her conduct is not compatible with his or her office."

## List of Deputy Speakers

| No. | Name
Constituency | Term of office | | | Assembly (election) | Party | | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Took office | Left office | Term | | ||
| 1 | Pushpa Gharti (Bista)
List MPA | 17 February 2018 | 18 September 2022 | 4 years, 213 days | 1st
(2018) |  | CPN (Maoist Centre) |  |
| 2 | Yashoda Neupane
List MPA | 18 January 2023 | *Incumbent* | 1 year, 257 days | | | 2nd
(2023) |  |

## InfoBox

| Deputy Speaker of the Karnali Pradesh Sabha | |
| --- | --- |
| कोशी प्रदेशसभाका उपसभामुख | |
| Incumbent
Yashoda Neupane
since 18 January 2023 | |
| Karnali Provincial Assembly | |
| Style | Honourable |
| Member of | Karnali Provincial Assembly |
| Nominator | Party offices |
| Appointer | Members of the Karnali Provincial Assembly |
| Term length | During the life of the Pradesh Sabha
(five years maximum) |
| Constituting instrument | Constitution of Nepal |
| Inaugural holder | Pushpa Gharti (Bista) |
| Formation | 17 February 2018 (17 February 2018) |
| Salary | रु. |


title: The Commanding Officer

abstract: The Commanding Officer is a 1915 American silent drama film directed by Allan Dwan that was based upon a play by Theodore Burt. The film stars Alice Dovey, Donald Crisp, Marshall Neilan, Douglas Gerrard, Ethel Phillips, Russell Bassett, and Bob Emmons. The film was released on March 25, 1915, by Paramount Pictures.

text:
# The Commanding Officer

***The Commanding Officer*** is a 1915 American silent drama film directed by Allan Dwan that was based upon a play by Theodore Burt. The film stars Alice Dovey, Donald Crisp, Marshall Neilan, Douglas Gerrard, Ethel Phillips, Russell Bassett, and Bob Emmons. The film was released on March 25, 1915, by Paramount Pictures.

## Plot

When Colonel Archer does not want to lend money to Captain Waring, he borrows that amount from Brent Lindsay in the village in exchange for his promissory note. Both Waring and Lindsay court Floyd Bingham, a retired colonel's daughter. Floyd discovers that Lindsay is dating the dancer Queen. On the advice of her father, she accepts Archer's marriage proposal, who has to take care of the two children of his dead sister. When Lindsay continues to harass Floyd, Archer gets into a fight with her. Floyd and Lindsay then go for a walk in the woods. They kiss and Waring takes a picture of them, which he uses to blackmail Lindsay. When Lindsay is later found dead, Archer is arrested. The villagers want to see it hanging. However, Queen witnessed the murder and clears his name just in time.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| The Commanding Officer | |
| --- | --- |
| Advertisement | |
| Directed by | Allan Dwan |
| Based on | *The Commanding Officer*
by Theodore Burt |
| Produced by | Daniel Frohman |
| Starring | Alice Dovey
Donald Crisp
Marshall Neilan
Douglas Gerrard
Ethel Phillips
Russell Bassett
Bob Emmons |
| Production
company | Famous Players Film Company |
| Distributed by | Paramount Pictures |
| Release date | * March 25, 1915 (1915-03-25) |
| Running time | 4 reels |
| Country | United States |
| Language | Silent (English intertitles) |


title: The Commerce Journal

abstract: The Commerce Journal is a weekly online Burmese language newspaper published every Monday by the Ministry of Commerce in Burma.

text:
# The Commerce Journal

***The Commerce Journal*** is a weekly online Burmese language newspaper published every Monday by the Ministry of Commerce in Burma.

## InfoBox

***The Commerce Journal***
| Type | Weekly newspaper |
| --- | --- |
| Format | Print, online |
| Owner(s) | State owned |
| Founded | 2012 |
| Political alignment | Pro-government |
| Language | Burmese |
| Headquarters | Burma |
| Website | https://www.commercejournal.com.mm/ |


title: Desmolase

abstract:
A desmolase is any of various enzymes that catalyze the formation or destruction of carbon-carbon bonds within a molecule. These enzymes play a significant role in cellular respiration and in fermentation. Desmolases are involved in steroidogenesis. Examples of desmolases are:
  - Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, also called 20,22-desmolase; converts cholesterol to pregnenolone.
  - 17,20-Desmolase, also called CYP17A1 or 17α-hydroxylase; converts pregnenolone to 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, progesterone to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, and corticosterone to aldosterone.
  - Diacetyl desmolase is added to beer late in the brewing process to remove diacetyl flavor that may have accumulated during processing.

text:
# Desmolase

A **desmolase** is any of various enzymes that catalyze the formation or destruction of carbon-carbon bonds within a molecule. These enzymes play a significant role in cellular respiration and in fermentation. Desmolases are involved in steroidogenesis.

Examples of desmolases are:

* Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, also called 20,22-desmolase; converts cholesterol to pregnenolone.
* 17,20-Desmolase, also called CYP17A1 or 17α-hydroxylase; converts pregnenolone to 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, progesterone to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, and corticosterone to aldosterone.
* Diacetyl desmolase is added to beer late in the brewing process to remove diacetyl flavor that may have accumulated during processing.


title: Desiree Singh

abstract: Desiree Singh is a German female Pole vaulter, who won an individual gold medal at the Youth World Championships.

text:
# Desiree Singh

**Desiree Singh** (born 17 August 1994) is a German female Pole vaulter, who won an individual gold medal at the Youth World Championships.

## InfoBox

Desiree Singh
| Desiree Singh (2018) | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1994-08-17) 17 August 1994 |
| Sport | |
| Country | Germany |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Event | Pole vault |
| Achievements and titles | |
| Personal best | * Pole vault: 4.40 m (2015) |


title: The Conversation of Eiros and Charmion

abstract: "The Conversation of Eiros and Charmion" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe, an apocalyptic science fiction story first published in Burton's Gentleman's Magazine in December 1839.

text:
# The Conversation of Eiros and Charmion

"**The Conversation of Eiros and Charmion**" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe, an apocalyptic science fiction story first published in *Burton's Gentleman's Magazine* in December 1839.

## Plot summary

Two people, who have been renamed Eiros and Charmion after death, discuss the manner in which the world ended. Eiros, who died in the apocalypse, explains the circumstances to Charmion, who died ten years previously:

A new comet is detected in the solar system; comets are well understood by astronomers, who believe that, being very tenuous, they could have no effect on the Earth, and are not related to ancient prophecies of the destruction of the world. Astronomers calculate that the comet is approaching the Earth; as it does so, they study it, and people increasingly take an interest.

When it is almost upon Earth, people experience exhilaration, which is at first assumed to be relief that the comet has no harmful effects; but this is followed by pain and delirium; it is as though the ancient prophecies, once dismissed by astronomers, have been confirmed. This effect on people's behavior is discovered to be caused by the loss of nitrogen from the atmosphere, leaving pure oxygen, which finally bursts into flame when the comet nucleus hits.

## Publication history

"The Conversation of Eiros and Charmion" was first published in the December 1839 issue of *Burton's Gentleman's Magazine* and was included that same month in the collection *Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque*.

## Analysis

Poe, writing this story in 1839, was capitalizing on the excitement in the 1830s caused by William Miller's predictions of the end of the world. Miller predicted in 1831 that the world would end in 1843.

In the early 19th century, several comets were seen; in particular, Halley's Comet returned in 1835, and there was interest in Encke's Comet, whose periodicity had recently been calculated; it appeared in 1838, and its return was expected in 1842. All this aroused people's interest; comets were traditionally associated with prophesies of the end of the world.

Donald Olson and Shaun B. Ford at Texas State University speculate that Lexell's Comet and Biela's Comet inspired the story. Biela's Comet was reputed to have caused a "comet panic" in 1832, after a miscalculation of the comet's trajectory suggested collision with Earth. Astronomers in Paris, like the astronomers in the story, sought to allay the public's fear by noting that Biela's Comet was believed to have no mass. In the story, it is indeed a vaporous comet that strikes the Earth depleting the atmosphere of nitrogen. Olson and Ford also suggest possible sources of Poe's knowledge of both comets: Elijah Hinsdale Burritt's *The Geography of the Heavens* and John Herschel's 1835 *A Treatise on Astronomy*. Another astronomy study-book for young people, James Ferguson's 1819 edition of *An Easy Introduction to Astronomy for Young Gentlemen and Ladies*, might have been available to a young Poe. Poe's foster father John Allan provided Poe with a telescope as a teenager, and the researchers speculate Ferguson's book may have also been a gift. The book includes a passage of dialogue between a brother and sister (Neander and Eudosia) discussing the possibility of a comet setting the world on fire and then dismissing that possibility because of the tenuous nature of comets.

Eiros and Charmion are named after Cleopatra's attendants, Iras and Charmion (or Charmian); they are mentioned by the Greek historian Plutarch in his biography of Mark Antony (in his work *Parallel Lives*); they appear in William Shakespeare's play *Antony and Cleopatra*, and John Dryden's play about Antony and Cleopatra, *All for Love*.

## InfoBox

| "The Conversation of Eiros and Charmion" | |
| --- | --- |
| Short story by Edgar Allan Poe | |
|  | |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Genre(s) | Science fiction |
| Publication | |
| Published in | *Burton's Gentleman's Magazine* |
| Media type | Print (periodical) |
| Publication date | December 1839 |


title: Desisa javanica

abstract: Desisa javanica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1969.

text:
# Desisa javanica

***Desisa javanica*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1969.

## InfoBox

| *Desisa javanica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Tribe: | Pteropliini |
| Genus: | *Desisa* |
| Species: | ***D. javanica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Desisa javanica***<br>Breuning, 1969 | |
|


title: Desisa dispersa

abstract: Desisa dispersa is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Maurice Pic in 1944.

text:
# Desisa dispersa

***Desisa dispersa*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Maurice Pic in 1944.

## InfoBox

| *Desisa dispersa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Tribe: | Pteropliini |
| Genus: | *Desisa* |
| Species: | ***D. dispersa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Desisa dispersa***<br>Pic, 1944 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Mesosella dispersa* Pic, 1944 | |


title: Der Göttergatte

abstract: Der Göttergatte is an operetta, originally with a prelude and two acts, by composer Franz Lehár. It used a German language libretto by Viktor Léon and Leo Stein, and premiered on 20 January 1904 at the Carltheater in Vienna. The work was revised as Die ideale Gattin, this time in three acts, with a text by Julius Brammer and Alfred Grünwald, after Die Zwillingsschwester by Ludwig Fulda and given on 11 October 1913 at the Theater an der Wien with sopranos Louise Kartousch and Mizzi Günther, and tenors Hubert Marischka and Ernst Tautenhayn. The work was re-revised as Die Tangokönigin for the Apollo Theater in Vienna on 9 September 1921.

text:
# Der Göttergatte

***Der Göttergatte*** (*The Divine Husband*) is an operetta, originally with a prelude and two acts, by composer Franz Lehár. It used a German language libretto by Viktor Léon and Leo Stein, and premiered on 20 January 1904 at the Carltheater in Vienna.

The work was revised as *Die ideale Gattin* (*The Ideal Wife*), this time in three acts, with a text by Julius Brammer and Alfred Grünwald, after *Die Zwillingsschwester* by Ludwig Fulda and given on 11 October 1913 at the Theater an der Wien with sopranos Louise Kartousch and Mizzi Günther, and tenors Hubert Marischka and Ernst Tautenhayn.

The work was re-revised as *Die Tangokönigin* (*The Tango Queen*) for the Apollo Theater in Vienna on 9 September 1921.

## Roles

## Recordings

* The overture to *Der Göttergatte* has been recorded by Michail Jurowski and the Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra (CD CPO 999891).
* A recording was made in 1913 or 1914 of the original cast of *Die ideale Gattin* (Louise Kartousch, Ernst Tautenhayn, Mizzi Günther, Hubert Marischka) performing: Hamplemann-Duett (Kartousch, Tautenhayn); Rauch-Duett (Marischka, Tautenhayn); "Wenn meine Gattin so küssen könnt'!" (Günther, Marischka); "Nur mit dir allein" (Günther, Marischka); "Meine Gemahlin ist auf kurze Zeit verreist", Marsch (Günther, Kartousch, Marischka, Tautenhayn); "Küss mich" (Günther).
* March 15, 1945, Vienna; Conductor: Max Schönherr; Vienna Radio Orchestra and Chorus, Liesl Andergast, Henry Herze, Anton Dermota, Franz Borsos, Fred Liewehr, Lizzi Holzschuh; CPO 777 029-2


title: Derek Miller (Canadian musician)

abstract: Derek Miller is an Aboriginal Canadian singer-songwriter. He has received two Juno Awards. He performed at the Closing Ceremonies of the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics with Eva Avila and Nikki Yanofsky.

text:
# Derek Miller (Canadian musician)

**Derek Miller** (born 29 October 1974) is an Aboriginal Canadian singer-songwriter. He has received two Juno Awards. He performed at the Closing Ceremonies of the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics with Eva Avila and Nikki Yanofsky.

## History

Miller was born in the community of the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation, Ontario, Canada. Miller became interested in music in his teens and by the late 1990s began touring with Buffy Sainte-Marie.

In 2002, Miller released his debut album *Music is the Medicine* on Winnipeg's Arbor Records. He received a 2003 Juno Award in the category Aboriginal Recording of the Year for "Lovesick Blues" from his album *Music is the Medicine*.

In 2006, Miller released his second album *The Dirty Looks*. Miller was honoured with a 2007 Canadian Aboriginal Music Award, in the category Best Rock Album, for his *The Dirty Looks* album. The album went on to win Miller a 2008 Juno in the category Aboriginal Recording of the Year.

He performed at the closing ceremonies of the 2010 Winter Olympics with Eva Avila and Nikki Yanofsky.

In 2010, Miller released his third album *Derek Miller with Double Trouble*.

Miller has also appeared in supporting acting roles in film and television, including the films *Moccasin Flats: Redemption*, *Fire Song* and *Point Traverse*, and the television series *Hard Rock Medical*.

In 2015, he compiled an album titled "Rumble: A Tribute to Native Music Icons". Since 2015, he has also been the host of *Guilt Free Zone*, a variety and sketch comedy series on the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network.

## Discography

### Studio albums

* *Music is the Medicine* (2002)
* *The Dirty Looks* (2006)
* *Derek Miller with Double Trouble* (2010)
* *Rumble* (2015)

'Blues Vol. 1'

### Compilations

* *Derek Miller Live (DVD)* (2008)

## InfoBox

| Derek Miller | |
| --- | --- |
| Miller in 2007 | |
| Background information | |
| Born | 1974
Six Nations, Ontario, Canada |
| Genres | Blues |
| Occupation(s) | Guitarist
singer-songwriter |
| Instrument | Guitar |
| Years active | 2002–present |
| Labels | Arbor Records
Curve Music |
|  | |
| Website | derekmiller.ca |


title: The Council of Nicaea (painting)

abstract: The Council of Nicaea is an 18th-century painting by F. Pavlovskyi, I. Maksimovych, A. Galik, G. Karataev and others. It is hanging in the Gate Church of the Trinity in Kyiv. The painting depicts the First Council of Nicaea in AD 325, the first ecumenical council of bishops of the Christian Church. The crowned and enthroned figure of Jesus Christ is pictured in the centre of the painting, to emphasize his spiritual headship of the Council. Eustathius of Antioch is visible in the right foreground.

text:
# The Council of Nicaea (painting)

**The Council of Nicaea** is an 18th-century painting by F. Pavlovskyi, I. Maksimovych, A. Galik, G. Karataev and others. It is hanging in the Gate Church of the Trinity in Kyiv.

The painting depicts the First Council of Nicaea in AD 325, the first ecumenical council of bishops of the Christian Church. The crowned and enthroned figure of Jesus Christ is pictured in the centre of the painting, to emphasize his spiritual headship of the Council. Eustathius of Antioch is visible in the right foreground.

## InfoBox

| The Council of Nicaea | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Artist | F. Pavlovskyi, I. Maksimovych,<br>and A. Galik and others |
| Year | 18th century |
| Type | Oil |
| Location | Gate Church of the Trinity (Pechersk Lavra), Kyiv |


title: The Counseling Psychologist

abstract: The Counseling Psychologist is a peer-reviewed academic journal that focuses on timely topics in such diverse areas as multiculturalism and cross-cultural competency, research methods, vocational psychology, assessment, international counseling and research, prevention and intervention, health, social justice, assessment, and training and supervision. This journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). The journal's editor is Lydia P. Buki, PhD. It has been in publication since 1969 and is currently published by SAGE Publications in association with the Society of Counseling Psychology, Division 17 of the American Psychological Association.

text:
# The Counseling Psychologist

***The Counseling Psychologist*** is a peer-reviewed academic journal that focuses on timely topics in such diverse areas as multiculturalism and cross-cultural competency, research methods, vocational psychology, assessment, international counseling and research, prevention and intervention, health, social justice, assessment, and training and supervision. This journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). The journal's editor is Lydia P. Buki, PhD (University of Miami). It has been in publication since 1969 and is currently published by SAGE Publications in association with the Society of Counseling Psychology, Division 17 of the American Psychological Association.

## Scope

*The Counseling Psychologist* aims to increase the knowledge base of counseling psychology through debate and comprehensive coverage of new and developing areas of research and practice. This journal is the official publication of the Society of Counseling Psychology (Division 17) of the American Psychological Association. Articles focus on the theory, research, and practice of counseling psychology. In addition, the journal has two forums, the International Forum and the Legacies and Tradition Forum, which highlight scholarship involving international populations and document the history of the field of counseling psychology, respectively.

## Abstracting and indexing

*The Counseling Psychologist*  is abstracted and indexed in, among other databases: SCOPUS, and the Social Sciences Citation Index. According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, its 2017 impact factor is 1.348, ranking it 54 out of 82 journals in the category 'Psychology, Applied'. In 2017, the impact factor fell to 1.348.

## InfoBox

*The Counseling Psychologist*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Discipline | Psychology |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Lydia P. Buki |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1969-present |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications in association with the Society of Counseling Psychology (United States) |
| Frequency | 8/year |
| Impact factor | 1.348 (2017) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Couns. Psychol.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 0011-0000 (print)
1552-3861 (web)
 |
| LCCN | 72006502 |
| OCLC no. | 1565312 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: The Broken Pledge

abstract: The Broken Pledge is a 1915 American silent comedy film starring Wallace Beery and Gloria Swanson. Off screen, Beery and Swanson were briefly married.

text:
# The Broken Pledge

***The Broken Pledge*** is a 1915 American silent comedy film starring Wallace Beery and Gloria Swanson. Off screen, Beery and Swanson were briefly married.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| The Broken Pledge | |
| --- | --- |
| Starring | Wallace Beery<br>Gloria Swanson |
| Distributed by | Essanay Studios |
| Release date | * June 17, 1915 (1915-06-17) |
| Running time | 2 reels |
| Country | United States |
| Language | Silent with English intertitles |


title: The Blue Note (Columbia, Missouri)

abstract: The Blue Note is a music venue in Columbia, Missouri, and is a contributing property to the North Ninth Street Historic District. It was established in 1980 by Richard King and Phil Costello. It is famous for the legal case Bensusan Restaurant Corp. v. King over naming use on the internet. The original Blue Note was located at 912 Business Loop 70 East and moved to its Ninth Street location in the early 1990s. In October 2014, the venue was sold to Matt Gerding and Scott Leslie. Despite being a smaller venue, it has hosted numerous national musical acts, including the Arctic Monkeys, Phish, Widespread Panic, R.E.M., Hüsker Dü, Uncle Tupelo, Meat Puppets, Chuck Berry, The Replacements, Minutemen, Dinosaur Jr., Primus, Black Flag, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Violent Femmes, Soul Asylum, Sonic Youth, Social Distortion, The Black Keys, Dave Matthews Band, Johnny Cash, Willie Nelson, Wilco, and Yonder Mountain String Band, and holds a five-part concert series every summer called "Ninth Street Summerfest".

text:
# The Blue Note (Columbia, Missouri)

38°57′08″N 92°19′39″W / 38.952200°N 92.327602°W / 38.952200; -92.327602

**The Blue Note** is a music venue in Columbia, Missouri, and is a contributing property to the North Ninth Street Historic District. It was established in 1980 by Richard King and Phil Costello. It is famous for the legal case Bensusan Restaurant Corp. v. King over naming use on the internet.

The original Blue Note was located at 912 Business Loop 70 East and moved to its Ninth Street location (a restored vaudeville theater) in the early 1990s. In October 2014, the venue was sold to Matt Gerding and Scott Leslie.

Despite being a smaller venue, it has hosted numerous national musical acts, including the Arctic Monkeys, Phish, Widespread Panic, R.E.M., Hüsker Dü (their last show), Uncle Tupelo, Meat Puppets, Chuck Berry, The Replacements, Minutemen, Dinosaur Jr., Primus, Black Flag, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Violent Femmes, Soul Asylum, Sonic Youth, Social Distortion, The Black Keys, Dave Matthews Band, Johnny Cash, Willie Nelson, Wilco, and Yonder Mountain String Band, and holds a five-part concert series every summer called "Ninth Street Summerfest".

## Rose Music Hall

Formerly Mojo's, Rose Music Hall is located down the street in the North Village Arts District and often referred to as "The Blue Note's little sister". The venue was also founded by King and is now owned by Gerding and Leslie, and is usually reserved for smaller-name bands, but has also booked several up and coming artists prior to their breaking out.

Past performers have included; Arcade Fire, Spoon, Ben Kweller, Secret Machines, Cold War Kids, White Rabbits, Tapes 'n Tapes, Carolina Chocolate Drops, Big Smith, Local Natives, Portugal. The Man and Cave.

Forrest Rose Park is located adjacent to Rose Music Hall and is maintained by Rose Music Hall's/Blue Note staff. The park began hosting outdoor performances in 2008.

## Sources

## InfoBox

The Blue Note
| The Blue Note facing Ninth Street | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | 17 North 9th Street
Columbia, Missouri 65201
United States |
| Public transit | Go COMO |
| Owner | Matt Gerding and Scott Leslie |
| Type | Music venue |
| Capacity | 835 |
| Construction | |
| Opened | 1980 |
| Renovated | Dec 31, 2014 |
| Website | |
| Official website | |


title: The Blue Mouse and the Big Faced Cat

abstract: The Blue Mouse and the Big Faced Cat is a Chinese animated series from mainland China. Based on Ge Bing's fairy tale 'The Blue Mouse and the Big Faced Cat'. The first part was produced in 1993 and the second in 2000. It traced in an American cartoon TV series: Tom and Jerry.

text:
# The Blue Mouse and the Big Faced Cat

***The Blue Mouse and the Big Faced Cat*** (Chinese: 蓝皮鼠大脸猫; pinyin: *lánpíshǔ dàliǎnmāo*) is a Chinese animated series from mainland China. Based on Ge Bing's fairy tale 'The Blue Mouse and the Big Faced Cat'. The first part was produced in 1993 and the second in 2000. It traced in an American cartoon TV series: Tom and Jerry.

## Background

It was voted one of China's top 10 domestic animations in 2006.

## Story

A humorous tale of laughter and mischief between the star duo of the Magic Circus, the Blue Mouse and the Big-Faced Cat.Blue Mouse is clever and helpful, while Big-Faced Cat is greedy, lazy, and charmingly naïve. Along with two beetles, Jin Doudou and Lu Fanfang, this dynamic duo has many adventures.

## InfoBox

| *The Blue Mouse and the Big Faced Cat* | |
| --- | --- |
| Promo | |
| Country of origin | China |
| No. of episodes | 30 episodes x 10 min (1993 Part I)
39 episodes x 12 min (2000 Part II) |
| Original release | |
| Network | CCTV |
| Release | 1993 (1993)
2000 (2000) |


title: Derny

abstract: A Derny is a motorized bicycle for motor-paced cycling events such as during six-day and Keirin racing and motor-paced road races. Some riders train behind a derny on the road. The Derny is so-called as it was originally produced by the French Derny firm, but the name Derny is now applied to all small cycle-pacing vehicles, regardless of manufacturer.

text:
# Derny

A **Derny** is a motorized bicycle for motor-paced cycling events such as during six-day and Keirin racing and motor-paced road races. Some riders train behind a derny on the road. The Derny is so-called as it was originally produced by the French Derny firm, but the name *Derny* is now applied to all small cycle-pacing vehicles, regardless of manufacturer.

## The original Derny

The first Derny 'Entraineur' or 'Bordeaux–Paris' moped, with its petrol tank mounted ahead of the handlebars, was built by *Roger Derny et Fils* of the Avenue de St Mandé, Paris, France, in 1938. A fleet of Dernys was maintained for the long-established 'Bordeaux-Paris' road-race and the Derny was used for many other track and road events and for endurance training. Derny also built a touring adaptation called the 'Solo' and tandems and mopeds.

Being a moped, the Derny had both a 98 cc (6.0 cu in) Zurcher two-stroke engine and pedals on a chainring sprocket, typically with 70 teeth on the front and 11 on the rear-wheel sprocket. The combination allows for smooth acceleration and slowing, important when the rider taking pace is only centimetres from the Derny's rear wheel. A freewheel coupling between the motor and the back wheel ensures the derny will not stop dead if the motor seizes. Top speed, with rider pedalling, is up to 50 km/h (31 mph), depending on gearing. The firm closed in 1957, after an unsuccessful venture with the 'Taon', a Roger Tallon-designed motorcycle. Another company, Service Derny, of Rue Picpus, Paris, serviced and rebuilt machines into the 1970s.

## Dernys today

According to the Larousse dictionary, the name, *derny* has become a generic term for a small pacing motorcycle used in cycle races, and is now applied to all small cycle-pacing vehicles, regardless of manufacturer. There have been several attempts to copy or improve the original. One, the Burdin, was briefly used, but proved neither durable nor fast enough for repeated high-speed riding on the steep tracks used in six-day racing. Modern machines are made by a small company in Neerpelt, Belgium, and dernys are either new or have the original frames with new 90 cc (5.5 cu in) engines.

Dernys are usually bump-started. They can then pace riders up to 90 km/h (56 mph), although races rarely exceed 80 km/h (50 mph).

Another type of pacer is the Stayer. The rider sits close to the back in an upright position to provide an envelope of low wind resistance for the cyclist drafting or slipstreaming behind. Also a roller is added behind the rear of the stayer as safety feature in case the rider bumps into it, and normally the cyclist rides on a bicycle with a slightly smaller front wheel. The photo of the Triumph motorcycle is such a stayer.

For most derny races, the cyclist sits in the slipstream for the duration of the event. In keirin races, common in Japan and familiar elsewhere, the derny brings riders up to speed then pulls off the track and the race finishes in a sprint without the pacer.

A small group of semi-professional pacers travels around Europe for the winter six-day season. Several are in their 60s and 70s and some have been pacing for more than 40 years.

In most of its later history, the 560 km (350 mi) Bordeaux–Paris classic road race was motor-paced using dernys from half-distance. Other important races on the road behind dernys have included the Critérium des As in Paris.


# Detention of refugee children in Thailand

Immigration detention of refugee and asylum seeking children in Thailand violates the rights of children under international law. The undocumented migrant children are detained for indefinite and prolonged periods without proper access to legal support. Thailand is key transit route, host and final destination for refugees seeking asylum in southeast Asia and Australia. During the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) session in May 2016, various human rights issues including detention of refugee and asylum seeking children were reported. Currently, there are no effective alternatives to immigration detention and all sectors of population including children are subject to detention.

## Overview

### Arrest and detention of refugees

According to the UNHCR, the population of refugees in Thailand as of December 2016, was approximately 102,500 refugees of which 56,000 were children, mostly from Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Sri Lanka and Pakistan.

Thailand is not a signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention and does not have a formal asylum framework incorporated in domestic law. Instead, it relies on ad hoc policies established through Cabinet Resolutions. Refugees and asylum seekers are treated as illegal migrants and lack of legal framework makes refugees vulnerable to arrest, detention, discrimination, deportation and refoulement. Exploitation and abuse of refugees and asylum seekers by Thai authorities are common and there is limited access to justice. Migrants who are arrested and unable to pay bribes are likely to be taken to police lock-ups or Immigration Detention Centres (IDCs).

The UNHCR has raised concerns about the treatment of the asylum seekers, refugees and migrants and status of IDC facilities. The Immigration Act, B.E. 2522 (1979) provides broad discretionary powers to police officers and immigration officials to detain and arrest migrants, including children. The law does not set maximum length of time that a person can remain in immigration detention. Indefinite detention without judicial review amounts to arbitrary detention which is prohibited under international law.

The UNHCR has limited role in Thailand and Thai authorities refuse to recognise "asylum Seeker certificates" issued by UNHCR and restricts protection of refugees, including children from arrest or detention by Thai police.

#### Rohingya refugees

Over 100,000 refugees are from Myanmar of which 48,000 are children, make up the 90 percent of refugees in Thailand. Many are stateless Rohingya Muslim minority who fled systemic persecution and discrimination from the Burmese Government. A 2014 report by Human Rights Watch noted Thailand permitted 2,055 Rohingya to enter the country offering temporary protection but later treated them as illegal migrants and detained them in IDC. The government does not allow the office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees to conduct refugee status determination screenings for ethnic Rohingya from Myanmar.

#### Urban refugees

There are 3,801 urban refugees and 4,130 asylum seekers registered with UNHCR in Thailand and 2800 of which are children. As they wait for refugee status determination by the UNHCR many are subject to poor treatment from Thai authorities, such as harsh and unlawful treatment by corrupt authorities and detained in IDCs for prolonged period until they could leave for third country resettlement.

## International obligations

Thailand became a member of the United Nations on 16 December 1946 and is party to a number of key human rights treaties. Thailand is a dualist state therefore international law does not automatically bind the government unless it has been incorporated and transformed into domestic law.

### Convention on the Rights of the Child

Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) was ratified by Thailand in 1992, which mandates states to take best interests of the child as primary consideration. Article 2(1) provides states to respect and ensure rights of all children and must not be discriminate against based on religion, race, political affiliation or other status.

The CRC further obligates states to:

* ensure survival and development of children.
* prevent separation from parents against their will.
* protect from violence, abuse and neglect.
* ensure special protection for unaccompanied children.
* ensure highest attainable standard of health.
* adequate standard of living for physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social development.
* recognise child's right to play and recreation.
* protect from potential sexual abuse and exploitation.
* not be subjected to torture, cruel, degrading treatment and not to be arbitrarily detained.
* use detention and arrest only as last resort, for shortest period.
* prompt legal access, assistance and challenge for children deprived of liberty.

Thailand has a reservation to Article 22, which mandates states to ensure refugee children receive protection and assistance in enjoying their rights and to cooperate with UN organisations to protect and assist reunification of child to the family.

### International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

Thailand ratified International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in 1996. It mandates states to:

* not to subject anyone to torture, cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment.
* protect against arbitrary arrest or detention.
* enable access to court proceedings to anyone deprived of liberty by arrest or detention.
* provide humane conditions of detention.
* protect children as are required by status as a minor, without discrimination to race, colour, sex, language, religion, national or social origin, birth.

The list of issues by the Human Rights Committee in relation to second periodic report of Thailand concerns various issues on Thailand's treatment of aliens and protection of children under articles 2, 7, 9, 10, 13, 24 and 26 of ICCPR. Thailand has responded that it has refrained from deporting the refugees and the period of detention depends on the Refugee Status Determination and resettlement processes conducted by UNHCR.

### Convention against Torture

Thailand ratified Convention against Torture (CAT) in 2007, which obligates states to:

* not to expel, return ("refouler") or extradite a person to another state where there are substantial grounds that the person would be in danger of being subjected to torture.
* prevent acts of cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment or punishment committed by public official.

### Refugee Convention

Thailand is not a signatory and has not accepted the 1951 Refugee Convention in UPR's Recommendation & Voluntary Pledges (Second Review) in September 2016.

## Children in detention facilities

Stateless refugee children and asylum seeking children whose refugee claim has been rejected may face indefinite periods in detention with little hope of release or repatriation.

### Conditions in detention

The conditions of IDCs in Thailand is widely reported as substandard. Many live in poor hygiene with outdated facilities, without access to adequate health care and legal support. Children are detained in overcrowded cells, frequently separated from family members, without access to education, nutrition and privacy. A 2016 report by the BBC showed that children were suffering from vomiting and diarrhea due to unclean water. Basic services such as education, recreational activities, medical examination and adequate food are only available in Ministry of Social Development and Human Security (MSDHS) shelters however many choose not to be separated from their children by sending them to shelters and consent to keep their children with them in IDCs. Children are often detained without regard to protection required by their status as minors and often separated from their parents with unrelated adults, giving them greater risk of violation and abuse, including sexual abuse. Current initiatives aimed at removing children from IDCs are limited and often discretionary.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has denied that detention of migrant children was result of the Government's policies but rather the preference of migrant parents themselves to keep family unity and logistical difficulties. The Thai Government has also claimed that it has allocated over US$14.58 million to improve IDCs to enhance living conditions and has an order by the Thailand Immigration Bureau guaranteeing individual's rights to sanitation, food, health and respect for religious belief.

### Impact

Many children detained in IDCs have spent prolonged periods and some have spent almost their entire life in detention. Children who do not receive basic necessities for their psychological and physical development can suffer from serious impacts of incarceration.

#### Psychological and physical health

Prolonged detention for an indefinite period can cause psychological issues for detainees and this problem is especially grave for children. In a joint report submitted for the Second Periodic Report of Thailand at the 119th session of United Nations Human Rights Committee, it noted many detained children suffer from stress, depression, fear and alienation. In 2017, The Guardian reported this environment can create developmental delays and for some children to self-harm. Mental health has been identified as a major concern for detainees and there are few opportunities for referral for treatment.

#### Lack of access to education

Under Thailand's National Education Act 1999, all children have the right to primary education regardless of their nationality or legal status. However children detained in IDCs cannot physically access schools to receive such services.

According to a 2012 Human Rights Watch report, Thailand's Immigration Office permitted the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) to operate a daycare centre for children under 14 years inside Suan Plu IDC. However it was reported that daycare programme does not offer proper education suitable for their age and as a result many have suffered problems such as insomnia, nightmares, bed-wetting, isolation development, attachment disorder and acts of violence.

## Possible reform

Thailand is still currently establishing national mechanisms under the framework of the Comprehensive Strategy on Addressing Illegal Migrants of 2012 to be in line with international standards and practices.

Thailand has accepted 187 of 249 of UPR's Recommendations & Voluntary Pledges (Second Review) in September 2016 and has accepted a recommendation to ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture. It has also accepted in implementing Protection of Vulnerable Persons Act; improve access to health, education, social welfare for vulnerable groups including refugee children. However Thailand has not accepted key recommendations affecting migrant and refugee children, such as providing access to legal status for asylum seekers and refugees; withdrawing reservations to article 22 of CRC; ratification of 1951 Refugee Convention; complying with ICCPR by putting immediate end to arbitrary detention; prohibiting arbitrary arrest and detention including children.

In 2016, the Bangkok Post noted the decision by Chiang Rai Juvenile and Family Court has marked the first time a child who was recognised as a refugee by UNHCR, was entitled to protections under section 132(1) of Juvenile and Family Court and Juvenile and Family Case Procedure Act B.E. 2553 \[2010\] which provides counselling services, vocational training and access to education. The decision was made having regard to best interests of the child, regardless of child's immigration status.

UNHCR has advocated for a screening mechanism for undocumented immigrants and refugee children and this has been approved by Thailand’s Cabinet. The framework will assist with identification and protection of refugees.


title: Detention of the Dead

abstract: Detention of the Dead is a 2012 American zombie comedy film written and directed by Alex Craig Mann, based on the Rob Rinow stage play of the same name. Filming began in spring 2011. It had a small theatrical release in Los Angeles on June 28, 2013, and was released on DVD on July 23, 2013.

text:
# Detention of the Dead

***Detention of the Dead*** is a 2012 American zombie comedy film written and directed by Alex Craig Mann, based on the Rob Rinow stage play of the same name. Filming began in spring 2011. It had a small theatrical release in Los Angeles on June 28, 2013, and was released on DVD on July 23, 2013.

## Plot

High school student Eddie (Jacob Zachar) reports to after-school detention at Lincoln High School. Upon arrival, Eddie sees a few familiar faces: Janet (Christa B. Allen), a cheerleader whom he has a crush on; Brad (Jayson Blair), a jock and high-school football player who bullies Ed and plans to join the ROTC; Jimmy (Max Adler), another football player/jock who also bullies Eddie and is good friends with Brad; Ash (Justin Chon), a happy-go-lucky stoner; and Eddie's best friend Willow (Alexa Nikolas), a goth who shares with him a love for zombie movies. During detention, Ash attempts to sell drugs to Mark (Joseph Porter), a quiet student in detention. Ash quickly realizes Mark is unwell and alerts Mrs. Rumblethorp (Michele Messmer). However, Mark becomes aggressive, biting Mrs. Rumblethorp and forcing the group to evacuate the detention room despite Eddie's suggestion for the teacher to back away from him due to his current condition.

In the school corridors the group discover a wide-scale zombie outbreak with all the other students now undead. They decide to barricade themselves in the school library; believing no one would ever go there. Mrs. Rumblethorp eventually dies and reanimates, causing the group to restrain her as Ash decapitates her with a paper cutter. Brad is bitten in the chaos, but keeps it hidden from the group. Sometime later, the group decide to search the library for available information on zombies. While searching the book stacks, the librarian attacks and bites Jimmy, before Brad kills the zombie. Eddie and Willow argue that they must kill Jimmy before he becomes a zombie, but Brad remains confident that his friend can survive his bite. However, Jimmy accepts his fate and jumps out a window where he is eaten by a group of zombies.

As the group panic at their situation, Ash convinces the group to smoke weed to calm their nerves. While doing so, the group bond, learning more about each other, challenging their original high-school stereotypes, which they list openly: the nerd (Eddie), the social outcast and goth (Willow), the popular, self-involved cheerleader (Janet), the jock (Brad) and the stoner (Ash). Eddie reveals a gun he kept in his bag, which he was planning on using to commit suicide after not being accepted into Harvard University. The group are then attacked by the zombies and narrowly manage to remain safe within the library. Realizing the barricades will not hold, Brad, Willow and Ash decide to escape through the vents while Eddie and Janet remain in the library. While in the vents, the group discover zombified rats who eat Ash, before the vent breaks, leaving Willow and Brad stranded in the halls of the school. They arm themselves with Ash's severed legs and begin to fight through the hordes of zombies back to the library. Meanwhile, Janet convinces Eddie to take her virginity, but the pair are interrupted by Willow and Brad.

Inside the library, Willow is hurt when she realizes Eddie's intentions with Janet. The barricades of the door begin to weaken, before Brad eventually succumbs to his infection and attacks Janet, who manages to knock him out of a window nearby. Eddie formulates a plan to escape, building a makeshift cart out of materials in the library. The survivors fight through the school corridors and make it to the school gym. While climbing a ladder up to the roof, a zombie bites Janet on the leg. Realizing she is going to die, Janet pleads with Willow to shoot her. However, zombies begin to climb the ladder, and the remaining bullets are used fending them off. The zombified Brad attacks the group, and Janet sacrifices herself by pushing herself and Brad off the roof. Eddie and Willow sit defeated on the roof, until military units descend on the school. The zombies are killed, and Eddie and Willow leave the school. As the pair share their first kiss, a zombified Janet tackles Eddie to the ground to infect him.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Detention of the Dead | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Alex Craig Mann |
| Screenplay by | * Rob Rinow * Alex Craig Mann |
| Based on | *Detention of the Dead*
by Rob Rinow |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Noah Rosenthal |
| Music by | Cody Westheimer |
| Production
company | Gala Films |
| Distributed by | Anchor Bay Films |
| Release dates |  |
| Running time | 87 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: The Daredevils

abstract: The Daredevils was a comics magazine and anthology published by Marvel UK in 1983. Aimed for a more sophisticated audience than typical light superhero adventures, The Daredevils featured Captain Britain stories by Alan Moore and Alan Davis paired with reprints of Frank Miller's Daredevil stories. It has been speculated this was in response to Dez Skinn's new anthology Warrior.

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# The Daredevils

***The Daredevils*** was a comics magazine and anthology published by Marvel UK in 1983. Aimed for a more sophisticated audience than typical light superhero adventures, *The Daredevils* featured Captain Britain stories by Alan Moore and Alan Davis paired with reprints of Frank Miller's *Daredevil* stories. It has been speculated this was in response to Dez Skinn's new anthology *Warrior*.

## Publishing history

Editor Bernie Jaye gave writer Alan Moore and artist Alan Davis, rising stars in the comics industry at the time, considerable freedom in terms of the material they produced. Aside from the occasional pull-out posters, all contents were printed in black-and-white, not colour. The magazine had a circulation of around 25,000 copies, and lasted eleven issues before merging with *The Mighty World of Marvel*.

## Content

### Comic strips

#### *Captain Britain*

Always the first story in any issue, *Captain Britain* continued the "Jaspers' Warp" storyline from *Marvel Super-Heroes*, which Alan Moore had recently taken over writing with Alan Davis as artist. The strip would be continued in *The Mighty World of Marvel* after *The Daredevils* was cancelled.

#### *Daredevil*

Issues from Frank Miller's *Daredevil* run were reprinted in black and white, giving the series its title. The stories were originally printed in *Daredevil* (Vol. 1) #159-170.

#### *The Amazing Spider-Man*

Black-and-white reprints of Stan Lee and John Romita material, continued from Marvel UK's *Spider-Man Pocketbook* series. This feature was dropped after four issues.

#### "Star Death"/"4-D War"/"Black Sun Rising"

Reprints of Moore's *Doctor Who Monthly* strips that introduced the Special Executive, running in #5-7.

#### "Grit"

One-off *Daredevil* spoof by Moore and Mike Collins featured in #8. It was Collins' first professional work.

#### *The Origin of the Crusader*

One-off humour strip by Davis and Paul Neary featured in #9. Originally printed in Hulk reprint title *Rampage Monthly* #41 in 1981, this was Davis' first published professional work.

#### *Earth 33⅓*

An occasional three-panel humour strip by Tim Quinn and Dicky Howett.

### Prose stories

#### *Night Raven*

New stories featuring the masked vigilante introduced in *Hulk Comic*, written by Moore and illustrated by Davis, ran from #6-11.

### Text features

* Moore penned opinion columns including an analysis of Frank Miller's *Daredevil* in #1, "an affectionate character assassination" of Stan Lee in #4-5 and *Invisible Girls and Phantom Women*, a text feature on sexism in #4-6.
* Steve Moore contributed pieces on Asian comics in #6-8.
* Convention reports from Hasan Yusuff
* **Fanzine Reviews:** pieces on comic-related fanzines, again written by Moore.
* **Early artwork:** profiles of artists including Garry Leach (#1), Jerry Paris (#2) John Higgins (#4), Dave Gibbons (#5) and Alan Davis (#8).
* **News Feature:** American comic industry news column from Frank Plowright.
* **Comic Mart:** where readers could post the comics they had on offer and those they wanted.
* **Letters:** reader letters, including a cartoon sent in by Lew Stringer that would lead to his first professional commission.

## Reception

The comic won 'Favourite U.K. Comic' at the 1984 Eagle Awards.

## InfoBox

| *The Daredevils* | |
| --- | --- |
| *The Daredevils #1*. Art by Paul Neary | |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | Marvel UK |
| Schedule | Monthly |
| Format | Anthology |
| Genre | Superhero |
| Publication date | January - November 1983 |
| No. of issues | 11 |
| Editor(s) | Bernie Jaye |


title: Detective 909 Keralathil

abstract: Detective 909 Keralathil is a 1970 Indian Malayalam-language spy film directed by P. Venu and produced by T. C. Sankar. The film stars Jayabharathi, KP Ummer, Sudheer, Vijayasree, Hemalatha, Sankaradi and Sreelatha Namboothiri. The film had musical score by M. K. Arjunan.

text:
# Detective 909 Keralathil

***Detective 909 Keralathil*** is a 1970 Indian Malayalam-language spy film directed by P. Venu and produced by T. C. Sankar. The film stars Jayabharathi, KP Ummer, Sudheer, Vijayasree, Hemalatha, Sankaradi and Sreelatha Namboothiri. The film had musical score by M. K. Arjunan.

## Plot

## Cast

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by M. K. Arjunan and the lyrics were written by P. Bhaskaran.

| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics | Length (m:ss) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Maanasa Theerathe" | S. Janaki | P. Bhaskaran |  |
| 2 | "Manmadha Devante" | K. J. Yesudas | P. Bhaskaran |  |
| 3 | "Paala Poothu" | Chorus, K. P. Chandramohan, Latha Raju | P. Bhaskaran |  |
| 4 | "Prema Saagarathin" | P. Jayachandran | P. Bhaskaran |  |
| 5 | "Rangapooja Thudangi" | Usha Ravi | P. Bhaskaran |  |

## InfoBox

| Detective 909 Keralathil | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | P. Venu |
| Screenplay by | P. Venu
P. J. Antony (dialogues) |
| Story by | P. Venu |
| Produced by | T. C. Sankar |
| Starring | KP Ummer
Jayabharathi
Sudheer
Sankaradi
Vijayasree |
| Music by | M. K. Arjunan |
| Production
company | Prince Productions |
| Release date | * 24 December 1970 (1970-12-24) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Malayalam |


title: Deshengmen

abstract: Deshengmen is a city gate that was once part of Beijing's northern city wall. It is one of Beijing's few preserved city gates and now stands as a landmark on the northern 2nd Ring Road. The original gate complex, built in 1437, was composed of three structures – the gatehouse, archery tower, and barbican. The gatehouse proper was demolished in 1921, and the city wall was torn down in 1969. Today only the archery tower and the barbican survives. They overlook the northern city moat, and house an ancient coin exhibition inside. Deshengmen is now a major transportation node in northern Beijing. The gate complex is surrounded by the Deshengmen bridge, a rotary overpass that channels traffic from the 2nd Ring Road to the Badaling Expressway. The street that once passed through the gate is still named in relation to it. South of Deshengmen and inside the old city wall is Deshengmen Inner Street. To the north, it is called Deshengmen Outer Street. Deshengmen means "Gate of Virtuous Triumph." In traditional times, the imperial military would march out of Beijing through Deshengmen, and return through Andingmen, the Gate of Peace and Stability.

text:
# Deshengmen

**Deshengmen** (simplified Chinese: 德胜门; traditional Chinese: 德勝門; pinyin: *Déshèngmén*; lit. 'Gate of Virtuous Triumph') is a city gate that was once part of Beijing's northern city wall. It is one of Beijing's few preserved city gates and now stands as a landmark on the northern 2nd Ring Road.

The original gate complex, built in 1437, was composed of three structures  the gatehouse, archery tower, and barbican. The gatehouse proper was demolished in 1921, and the city wall was torn down in 1969. Today only the archery tower and the barbican survives. They overlook the northern city moat, and house an ancient coin exhibition inside.

Deshengmen is now a major transportation node in northern Beijing. The gate complex is surrounded by the Deshengmen bridge, a rotary overpass that channels traffic from the 2nd Ring Road to the Badaling Expressway. The street that once passed through the gate is still named in relation to it. South of Deshengmen and inside the old city wall is Deshengmen Inner Street. To the north, it is called Deshengmen Outer Street.

Deshengmen means "Gate of Virtuous Triumph." In traditional times, the imperial military would march out of Beijing through Deshengmen, and return through Andingmen, the Gate of Peace and Stability.

## Public transportation

Line 2 of the Beijing Subway stops near Deshengmen at Jishuitan Station. Deshengmen is the terminus for many Beijing Bus routes, as well as a tourist bus that goes to Badaling Great Wall.

39°56′54.8″N 116°22′23.0″E / 39.948556°N 116.373056°E / 39.948556; 116.373056


title: The Cyprus Agency

abstract: "The Cyprus Agency" is the thirteenth episode of the first season of the American crime drama The Blacklist. The episode premiered in the United States on NBC on January 27, 2014.

text:
# The Cyprus Agency

"**The Cyprus Agency**" is the thirteenth episode of the first season of the American crime drama *The Blacklist*. The episode premiered in the United States on NBC on January 27, 2014.

## Plot

After a recent spate of abductions of babies from their mothers, Red informs Elizabeth that the "Cyprus Agency" is the illegal adoption organization responsible. More or less coincidentally, Elizabeth and Tom contemplate adoption of their own which fuels Elizabeth to track down the organization's CEO, Owen Mallory (Campbell Scott). Ultimately, the task force discovers the Cyprus Agency's secret: it kidnaps young women and keeps them in captivity as breeders for the babies it puts up for adoption, and that Mallory is the father of all the children. Meanwhile, Meera willingly aids Red in his investigation for the mole. Covertly using Cooper's badge, Meera's intelligence leads Red to Diane Fowler as the ringleader of the leak, prompting him to confront Fowler in her own home, planning to kill her. She tells him that she knows about "that day", about what happened to his family, hoping Red will spare her for information. But Red still kills her, responding that he wants to know it more than anything in the world, but he'll find someone else who knows. He then calls Mr. Kaplan to clean up. In the end, Elizabeth finds herself unable to adopt a child as long as her marriage to Tom continues to suffer emotional strain. She is shown frustrated at home sitting in between baby stuff, while Tom goes to see Jolene, the woman who was flirting with him.

## Reception

### Ratings

"The Cyprus Agency" premiered on NBC on January 27, 2014 in the 10–11 p.m. time slot. The episode garnered a 2.5/7 Nielsen rating with 10.17 million viewers, making it the highest rated show in its time slot and the thirteenth most watched television show of the week.

### Reviews

Jason Evans of *The Wall Street Journal* gave a positive review of the episode: "Strong episode! The Cypress story was so creepy and sick that it held my attention more than the usual weekly blacklister does". He went on to call the show "a puzzle wrapped in an enigma shrouded in mystery".

Jim McMahon of IGN gave the episode a 5.8/10, criticising the story and its direction. He went on to say: "The FBI is still dumb as a bag of hammers, Lizzy's husband is still sucking up time on the show and Lizzy herself remains uninteresting despite Red's insistence otherwise".

## InfoBox

| "**The Cyprus Agency**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *The Blacklist* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 1<br>Episode 13 |
| Directed by | Michael Watkins |
| Written by | Lukas Reiter |
| Production code | 113 |
| Original air date | January 27, 2014 (2014-01-27) |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


title: The Czar of Black Hollywood

abstract: The Czar of Black Hollywood is a 2014 documentary film by Bayer Mack that chronicles the early life and career of African-American filmmaker Oscar Micheaux (1884–1951). Mack conceived of and produced the film about Micheaux using Library of Congress archived footage, photos, illustrations and vintage music. The documentary, which is the first devoted exclusively to Oscar Micheaux's life, is narrated by William Bell, features an original score by Nicholas Jones and art direction by Julie Anderson.

text:
# The Czar of Black Hollywood

***The Czar of Black Hollywood*** is a 2014 documentary film by Bayer Mack that chronicles the early life and career of African-American filmmaker Oscar Micheaux (1884–1951). Mack conceived of and produced the film about Micheaux using Library of Congress archived footage, photos, illustrations and vintage music. The documentary, which is the first devoted exclusively to Oscar Micheaux's life, is narrated by William Bell, features an original score by Nicholas Jones and art direction by Julie Anderson.

## Synopsis

Oscar Micheaux was America's preeminent black filmmaker for three decades, having directed or produced 22 silent movies and 15 talking pictures. *The Czar of Black Hollywood* chronicles the real life experiences that inspired Micheaux's films, including the production of the first feature-length film, *The Homesteader (1919)*, and sound motion picture, *The Exile (1931)*, by an African-American.

## Development

In an April 2014 interview with *The Washington Times*, Block Starz Music founder Bayer L. Mack said that he read the 2007 biography *Oscar Micheaux: The Great and Only* by Patrick McGilligan and was inspired to produce *Oscar Micheaux: The Czar of Black Hollywood* because Micheaux's life mirrored his own. In an interview with *The News and Advance*, Mack said he “scoured the archives of all the great major black weeklies” for information and imagery to recreate Micheaux's world, saying the documentary film was a "restoration project".

## Release

On February 13, 2014, *Oscar Micheaux: The Czar of Black Hollywood* was announced by American radio host Tom Joyner on his nationally syndicated program, The Tom Joyner Morning Show, as part of its "Little Known Black History Fact" on Micheaux. In a June 2014 interview with *The Huffington Post*, Mack said he was shocked there "was virtually nothing out there about Micheaux's life" in spite of his historical significance. A screening of *Oscar Micheaux: The Czar of Black Hollywood* was held at the Boca Black Film Festival on July 17 in Boca Raton, Florida. In a lead up to the event, the film's executive producer, Frances Presley Rice, told Florida's *Sun Sentinel* that Micheaux was the first "indie movie producer." The film had a special screening on September 26, 2014, at the 99th Annual Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH) Convention in Memphis, TN and its first public screening on October 17, 2014, at the Academy of Fine Arts in Lynchburg, Virginia.

## Reception

The documentary was critically acclaimed upon release and remains popular with film historians. Fans of African-American cinema often screen *The Czar of Black Hollywood* along with one of Oscar Micheaux's movies. The film has aired on public television and is available at several libraries in North America. *The Czar of Black Hollywood* was one of four feature films selected to be screened and discussed at the 2020 March on Washington Film Festival, which finds, encourages, and brings to life stories of both icons and foot soldiers from the Civil Rights Movement.

## Cast

* Oscar Micheaux: Himself (archive footage)
* William Bell: Narrator
* Nicholas Jones: Oscar Micheaux (voice)
* M. Ayodele Heath: Claude McKay (voice)

## InfoBox

| The Czar of Black Hollywood | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Bayer Mack |
| Written by | Bayer Mack |
| Produced by | Bayer Mack
Frances Presley-Rice
Hal Croasmun |
| Starring | Oscar Micheaux |
| Narrated by | William Bell |
| Edited by | Bayer Mack
Edith Bush |
| Music by | Nicholas Jones |
| Distributed by | Block Starz Music Television |
| Release dates | * September 26, 2014 (2014-09-26) (ASALH Film Festival) * October 17, 2014 (2014-10-17) |
| Running time | 67 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Detroit Connecting Railroad

abstract: The Detroit Connecting Railroad Company is a Class III shortline railroad owned by the Adrian and Blissfield Rail Road Company. Its freight operations began in December 1998 with 2.25 miles (3.62 km) of track.

text:
# Detroit Connecting Railroad

The **Detroit Connecting Railroad Company** (reporting mark **DCON**) is a Class III shortline railroad owned by the Adrian and Blissfield Rail Road Company. Its freight operations began in December 1998 with 2.25 miles (3.62 km) of track.

## Company information

* Parent: Adrian & Blissfield Rail Road Company
* President: Chris Bagwell
* Headquarters: 38235 North Executive Drive, Westland, Michigan 48185-1971, USA

## Trackage

## Commodities transported

* Finished Metal Products
* Scrap Metal
* Vegetables
* Chemicals

* "Detroit Connecting Rail Road (DCON)". Canadian National Railway. 2006-03-23. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-02-10.

## InfoBox

Detroit Connecting Railroad
| Overview | |
| --- | --- |
| Headquarters | Westland, Michigan, United States |
| Reporting mark | DCON |
| Locale | Detroit, Michigan, United States |
| Dates of operation | December 1998 (1998-12)present |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge |


title: Robert Sommer

abstract: Robert Sommer was an internationally known Environmental Psychologist and held the position of Distinguished Professor of Psychology Emeritus at the University of California, Davis. Sommer wrote 14 books and over 600 articles, he was best known for his book Personal Space: The Behavioral Basis of Design (1969), which discusses the influence of the environment on human activities. "[Man] will adapt to hydrocarbons in the air, detergents in the water, crime in the streets, and crowded recreational areas. Good design becomes a meaningless tautology if we consider that man will be reshaped to fit whatever environment he creates. The long-range question is not so much what sort of environment we want, but what sort of man we want." ~ Robert Sommer

text:
# Robert Sommer

**Robert Sommer** (April 26, 1929  February 27, 2021) was an internationally known Environmental Psychologist and held the position of Distinguished Professor of Psychology Emeritus at the University of California, Davis. Sommer wrote 14 books and over 600 articles, he was best known for his book *Personal Space: The Behavioral Basis of Design* (1969), which discusses the influence of the environment on human activities.

"\[Man\] will adapt to hydrocarbons in the air, detergents in the water, crime in the streets, and crowded recreational areas. Good design becomes a meaningless tautology if we consider that man will be reshaped to fit whatever environment he creates. The long-range question is not so much what sort of environment we want, but what sort of man we want." ~ Robert Sommer

## Life and career

Robert Sommer was born in New York City. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Kansas in 1956 and after teaching in Sweden and the University of Alberta, he arrived at the University of California, Davis in 1963. At Davis, he chaired four departments: Psychology (1964–70); Environmental Design (1991-1994), Rhetoric & Communication (1994–95), and Art (1997-2000) and was a Distinguished Professor of Psychology Emeritus (since 2003). Though he may be best known for his book *Personal Space: The Behavioral Basis of Design*, first published in 1969, he has written 14 other books and more than 600 publications on a variety of subjects. His writings on environmental psychology include research in mental hospitals, libraries, classrooms, and living spaces. Sommer also has written a number of articles and a book on mushrooms, and other nontechnical subjects and his work has appeared in the journal *Worm Runner's Digest*, which publishes scientific papers alongside satirical articles.

Sommer's consulting work included the design of bicycle paths, residence halls, geriatric housing, airports, offices, prisons, farmers' markets, and other facilities. He designed the board game *Blacks & Whites* in 1970 together with Judy Tart, as part of a project commissioned by *Psychology Today*. He also received a number of awards including: City-University Research Award, City of Davis; Research Award, California Alliance for the Mentally Ill; Career Research Award, Environmental Design Research Association; Kurt Lewin Award, Division 9 APA; Fulbright Award to Estonia, USSR; President-Elect 1998–1999, President 1999–2000, APA Div. 34, Doctorem Honoris Causa, Tallinn Pedagogical University.

## Thought

Sommer was influenced by his studies on environmental psychology with Dr. Humphry Osmond, a psychiatrist who researched hallucinogens. Osmond coined the term psychedelic and also worked in mental hospitals researching social environments and how they affect recovery.

Some scholars see Environmental Psychology as strictly a sub-discipline of Psychology or Social Psychology; others see it as an entirely interdisciplinary study. Sommer viewed Environmental Psychology as both a sub-discipline within the behavioral sciences as well as an interdisciplinary study that involves a variety of disciplines and professions. His view of the discipline is reflected in his writing style; he communicates his ideas without technical, psychological jargon. Though his book, *Personal Space*, was not specifically written for people outside the field of Environmental Psychology, it is highly readable and thus, accessible to those designers or architects who may actually have the ability to influence building design.

## Works

**On Personal Space**

Sommer made the distinction between personal space and territory: "The concepts of 'personal space' can be distinguished from that of 'territory' in several ways. The most important difference is that personal space is carried around while territory is relatively stationary. The animal or man will usually mark the boundaries of his territory so that they are visible to others, but the boundaries of personal space are invisible. Personal space has the body as its center, while territory does not. Often the center of territory is the home of the animal or man. Animals will usually fight to maintain dominion over their territory but will withdraw if others intrude into their personal space."

In his best known book *Personal Space: The Behavioral Basis of Design*, first published in 1969, Sommer argued that buildings should be built first for function (their usefulness to the user), not form (how they look). The book is divided into two sections: the first section is theoretical, and the second section concerns methods and their applications. In addition to this book, Sommer wrote many articles on personal space as well.

**On Learning And The Classroom**

Another theme in Sommer's research was the structure of the classroom and how it affects learning. As a high school student, Sommer himself experienced the difficulty of learning in a classroom where he was unable to see the blackboard due to the poor design of the room. He wrote that he struggled in the class until, later in the semester, it moved to a new room where he got a front row seat. There, he could see the blackboard and his "grades improved markedly". Sommer devoted a chapter to the effect of classroom structure on learning in his book *Personal Space*, and also wrote many journal articles on the topic.

Though the 1960s and 70s were a time of innovation in educational curricula, teaching methods, and classrooms, there was not much thought given to the physical environment of the classroom and how it might affect learning. Sommer introduced two important terms in his book *Tight Spaces: Hard Architecture and How to Humanize It*. First, the "open classroom", which he described as being a "more informally arranged and less rigidly structured space", and "open education", a loosening of the current social hierarchy in education where teachers are strictly the sources of knowledge and students only learners. Sommer stated that though the addition of "open classrooms" cannot increase student participation without there also being an environment of "open education", no shift in hierarchy is likely without a change in the construction or arrangement of the classroom.

*The Soft Classroom* is an article written by Sommer and Olsen describing a study they conducted on the impact of classroom design on learning. It described the difference in student participation observed in two differently arranged classrooms.

**Prison Architecture**

Robert worked on a federal task force consulting for prisons, he studied their built environment and the relation to psychology. His aim was to apply architectural strategies he had used in mental health facilities to the prison setting. Robert's primary concern throughout his research was whether ‘hard architecture’ instills any sort of reform on the individual, or whether it merely perpetuates the idea of punishment. *Tight Spaces: Hard Architecture and How to Humanize It*, Author: Robert Sommer, talks about his observations into the soulless architecture of these institutions, and the dehumanizing nature of a prison. Robert faced a difficulty in obtaining reliable data while interviewing in prisons. In one institution he was not allowed to talk to the guards, and was told that interviewing prisoners would violate their privacy. While in another prison, he was barred from interviewing the guards themselves.

**Street Art**

Sommer's book *Street Art* (1975) discussed "the urban community mural in the U.S.A." The community mural is created by artists in collaboration with the local community so the art reflects the local culture. "Some of the chapter topics are: The New Mural Movement; definitions of 'street art' forms; the politics of 'street art'; the Emeryville, California, mudflats, a site for group sculpture; a guide for Locating and Photographing Street Art; and a final chapter concerned with less common 'street art' locations and the future of this type of art."

In *Street Art* Sommer stated "the important question is whether painters, writers and poets are obliged to go beyond reflection to interpretation and prescription" and, in comparing street artists to those who display their work in a gallery, even goes so far as to say: "one can tell very little about the issues affecting public consciousness by examining the work of studio artists..." and "she \[the new muralist\] cannot afford the haughty contempt that the studio painter may feel for purchasers and patrons ...".

Sommer's work has been called "valuable for drawing attention to the proliferation of a noncommercial, popular art form in the U.S.A.", however there are also some criticisms of the book. Wayne Enstice, in his review of *Street Art* noted "A serious deficiency of his book is the abrasive way he chooses to treat the question"..."Do Social imperatives demand redefinition of the role of artists?" He complains that "Readers are asked to measure the accomplishments of community motivated artists against an antagonistic and oversimplified estimation of studio artists...". Enstice also dislikes Sommer's division between text and art, saying that it is "inappropriate".

## Bibliography

* 1969 *Personal Space: The Behavioral Basis of Design*, Englewood Cliffs, N.J, ISBN 0-13-657577-3
* 1972 *Design Awareness* Rinehart
* 1974 *Tight spaces : hard architecture and how to humanize it*, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice-Hall
* 1975 *Street art*, New York, Links Books
* 1975 *Sidewalk Fossils, with Harriet Becker* Walker
* 1976 *The end of imprisonment*, New York : Oxford University Press
* 1978 *The mind's eye : imagery in everyday life*, Palo Alto, California, Dale Seymour Publications
* 1980 *A Practical Guide to Behavioral Research*, further editions in 1986, 1991, 1997 and 2002 (5th Ed.)
* 1963 *Expertland* (Doubleday)
* 1980 *Farmers' Markets of America* (Capra)
* 1983 *Social Design* (Prentice-Hall)
* 2000, 2003 *An Authoritative Guide to Self-Help Resources* (2nd Edition and later, Revised Edition) with Norcross, Santrock et al. (Guilford)
* 2003 *Milieux et modes de vie* (Infolio)
* 2008 *Personal Space Updated* (Bosko Books)


title: Eagle Records

abstract: Eagle Records is a British record label, a division of Eagle Rock Entertainment, itself a subsidiary of Universal Music Group. In the United Kingdom, the label's managing director is Lindsay Brown, former manager of Van Halen, while in the United States the head is Mike Carden, formerly of CMC International Records.

text:
# Eagle Records

**Eagle Records** is a British record label, a division of Eagle Rock Entertainment, itself a subsidiary of Universal Music Group.

In the United Kingdom, the label's managing director is Lindsay Brown, former manager of Van Halen, while in the United States the head is Mike Carden, formerly of CMC International Records.

## Artists

## Former artists

## InfoBox

| Eagle Records | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Parent company | Eagle Rock Entertainment<br>(Universal Music Group) |
| Genre | Rock |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |


title: Raciborów, Greater Poland Voivodeship

abstract: Raciborów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krotoszyn, within Krotoszyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Krotoszyn and 80 km (50 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.

text:
# Raciborów, Greater Poland Voivodeship

**Raciborów** \[rat͡ɕiˈbɔruf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krotoszyn, within Krotoszyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Krotoszyn and 80 km (50 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.

## InfoBox

| Raciborów | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Raciborów | |
| Coordinates: 51°44′57″N 17°24′9″E / 51.74917°N 17.40250°E / 51.74917; 17.40250 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Krotoszyn |
| Gmina | Krotoszyn |
| Population | 100 |


title: Changsong County

abstract: Changsŏng County is a kun, or county, in northern North Phyŏngan province, North Korea. It is bordered by Pyŏktong to the east, Tongchang and Taegwan to the south, Sakchu to the west; to the north, it faces China across the Yalu (Amrok) River.

text:
# Changsong County

**Changsŏng County** is a *kun*, or county, in northern North Phyŏngan province, North Korea. It is bordered by Pyŏktong to the east, Tongchang and Taegwan to the south, Sakchu to the west; to the north, it faces China across the Yalu (Amrok) River.

## Name

Changsŏng appears as "Changseong" in South Korea's Revised Romanization and as **Changcheng** in Chinese records, as during its occupation by Mao Wenlong's forces during the Manchu conquest of China.

## Geography

Changsŏng's terrain is steep and mountainous, sloping generally downward from the southeast toward the Yalu. The Kangnam Mountains and Pandŏk Mountains both pass through the county. The highest point is Piraebong, at 1470 m. The county is drained by various tributaries of the Yalu, including the Yŏngjuchŏn (영주천) and Namchangchŏn (남창천), as well as by the Changsŏng River, a tributary of the Taeryŏng. The Yalu itself has been blocked by the Suphung Dam to create Suphung Lake.

## Administrative divisions

Changsŏng county is divided into 1 *ŭp* (town). 1 *rodongjagu* (workers' district) and 15 *ri* (villages):

## Climate

Annual rainfall in Changsŏng is 1000 mm, with an annual average temperature of 7.3 °C (the average fluctuating from -11.6 °C in January to 22 °C in August). Temperatures are of course much colder in the mountains, with the snows atop Piraebong not melting until late May. Fog is common near Suphung Lake. Some 80% of the county's land is forested, while only 6.1% is under cultivation.

## Economy

Sericulture is widely practised; other crops include maize, rice, peanuts, gochu peppers, sweet potatoes, and various fruits. Changsŏng also leads the county in the production of sheep. Various products, including lumber and medicinal herbs, are harvested from the forests. In addition, gold, tungsten, and coal are mined from the hills. Local manufactured products include gochujang and alcohol.

## Transportation

There are no railroads, but a road does connect Changsŏng to Sakchu, Tongchang, and Pyŏktong. Freight and passenger traffic is also carried by ships plying Lake Suphung; the lake is also used to transport raw lumber.

* International Information Research Institute (국제정보연구소) (1999). "창성군". *北韓情報總覽 2000 \[Bukhan jeongbo chong-ram 2000\]*. Seoul: Author. p. 828.

40°25′18″N 125°14′44″E / 40.4216°N 125.2455°E / 40.4216; 125.2455

## InfoBox

| Changsŏng County 창성군 | |
| --- | --- |
| County | |
| Korean transcription(s) | |
| Chosŏn'gŭl | 창성군 |
| Hancha |  |
| McCune-Reischauer | Ch'angsŏng-gun |
| Revised Romanization | Changseong-gun |
|  | |
| Country | North Korea |
| Province | North P'yŏngan |
| Administrative divisions | 1 *ŭp*, 1 workers' districts, 15 *ri* |
| Area | |
| Total | 605.2 km2 (233.7 sq mi) |
| Population (2008) | |
| Total | 26,577 |
| Density | 44/km2 (110/sq mi) |


title: Beef Tribunal

abstract: The Tribunal of Inquiry into the Beef Processing Industry, also known as the Beef Tribunal, was established on 31 May 1991, chaired by Mr. Justice Liam Hamilton. It was set up to inquire into malpractice in the Irish beef processing industry, mainly centred on Goodman International, owned and controlled by Larry Goodman. It also examined accusations of special dispensations given by the then Minister for Industry and Commerce, Albert Reynolds, to Goodman. The Tribunal began hearings on 21 June 1991 and it reported its conclusions in July 1994, at the time Ireland's longest-running inquiry.

text:
# Beef Tribunal

**The Tribunal of Inquiry into the Beef Processing Industry**, also known as the **Beef Tribunal**, was established on 31 May 1991, chaired by Mr. Justice Liam Hamilton. It was set up to inquire into malpractice in the Irish beef processing industry, mainly centred on Goodman International, owned and controlled by Larry Goodman. It also examined accusations of special dispensations given by the then Minister for Industry and Commerce, Albert Reynolds, to Goodman.

The Tribunal began hearings on 21 June 1991 and it reported its conclusions in July 1994, at the time Ireland's longest-running inquiry.

## Establishment

The Tribunal was established by the then Fianna Fáil/Progressive Democrats coalition, though only after the leader of the PDs, Des O'Malley threatened to pull out of the coalition if no inquiry was established. Taoiseach Charles Haughey acquiesced to the demand.

The Tribunal was tasked with "inquiring into the following definite matters of urgent public importance: (i) allegations regarding illegal activities, fraud and malpractice in and in connection with the beef processing industry made or referred to:-- (a) in Dáil Éireann, and (b) on a television programme transmitted by ITV on 13 May 1991; (ii) any matters connected with or relevant to the matters aforesaid which the Tribunal considers it necessary to investigate in connection with its inquiries into the matters mentioned at (i) above; and 2. making such recommendations (if any) as the Tribunal, having regard to its findings, thinks proper."

## The allegations

The Tribunal came weeks after the broadcast of a *World in Action* programme. The allegations made in Dáil Éireann covered many of the allegations made in the television programme and included the following:

* Abuses of the system under which subsidies are paid by the EEC to those engaged in the beef processing industry
* Failure of regulatory authorities and allegations of political influence in relation to alleged abuses of the system
* Tax evasion and Political influence in regard thereto
* Goodman, the Industrial Development Authority and political influence
* Abuse of Export Credit Insurance Scheme
* Allegations of political influence

## Conclusions and legacy

The Beef Tribunal concluded that tax evasion occurred at Goodman International and shone a light on widespread improper relationships between the beef industry, particularly Goodman, and the government. However, no criminal charges were brought, aside from the journalist Susan O'Keefe who was charged and acquitted for not revealing sources.

Though not directly charged with wrongdoing, Albert Reynolds's government was ultimately brought down by the fallout of the Beef Tribunal.

Ten years later, Fintan O'Toole commented that while a "shocking set of scandals" were uncovered (including the aforementioned tax evasion, fraud, and theft), "virtually nothing happened", eroding public trust in the system.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Beef Tribunal
| Date | 31 May 1991 (1991-05-31) – 29 July 1994 (1994-07-29) |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Dublin, Ireland |
| Also known as | Tribunal of Inquiry into the Beef Processing Industry |
| Participants | Judge Liam Hamilton |


title: Diclofenac/misoprostol

abstract:
Diclofenac/misoprostol, sold under the brand name Arthrotec, is a fixed-dose combination medication that contains:
  - Diclofenac sodium: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic properties
  - Misoprostol: Gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal protective prostaglandin E1 analog. In the United Kingdom it is marketed by Pharmacia and it is indicated for prophylaxis against NSAID-induced gastroduodenal ulceration in people requiring diclofenac for rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. The American College of Rheumatology and a Canadian consensus report both recommend GI-protective agents such as misoprostol be combined with long term NSAID therapy and a review concluded that diclofenac/misoprostol is a cost effective treatment in patients requiring long term NSAID therapy who are at increased risk of developing gastropathy.

text:
# Diclofenac/misoprostol

**Diclofenac/misoprostol**, sold under the brand name **Arthrotec**, is a fixed-dose combination medication that contains:

In the United Kingdom it is marketed by Pharmacia and it is indicated for prophylaxis against NSAID-induced gastroduodenal ulceration in people requiring diclofenac for rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis.

The American College of Rheumatology and a Canadian consensus report both recommend GI-protective agents such as misoprostol be combined with long term NSAID therapy and a review concluded that diclofenac/misoprostol is a cost effective treatment in patients requiring long term NSAID therapy who are at increased risk of developing gastropathy.

## Contraindications

Arthrotec must not be taken during pregnancy, as it may deform or otherwise harm the fetus, or lead to miscarriage. This may be accompanied by potentially dangerous bleeding, possibly requiring surgery and potentially leading to infertility or death.

## InfoBox

Diclofenac/misoprostol
| Combination of | |
| --- | --- |
| Diclofenac | NSAID |
| Misoprostol | Prostaglandin analog |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Arthrotec |
| MedlinePlus | a699002 |
| License data |  |
| Pregnancy
category | * Contraindicated |
| Routes of
administration | By mouth |
| ATC code |  |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |  |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| KEGG |  |
| (verify) | |


title: Ramblewood Soccer Complex

abstract: Ramblewood Soccer Complex is a volunteer maintained sports complex consisting of eleven soccer fields, located in Charlotte, North Carolina. The complex features a 4,300-seat soccer-specific stadium, which had been home to the Charlotte Independence soccer club since 2015. The stadium was built beginning in 2014, although the complex as a whole dates back to 1993.

text:
# Ramblewood Soccer Complex

**Ramblewood Soccer Complex** is a volunteer maintained sports complex consisting of eleven soccer fields, located in Charlotte, North Carolina. The complex features a 4,300-seat soccer-specific stadium, which had been home to the Charlotte Independence soccer club since 2015. The stadium was built beginning in 2014, although the complex as a whole dates back to 1993.

## InfoBox

Ramblewood Soccer Complex
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | 10200 Nations Ford Rd
Charlotte, NC 28273 |
| Coordinates | 35°07′35″N 80°54′25″W / 35.12628°N 80.90687°W / 35.12628; -80.90687 |
| Operator | Ramblewood Soccer, Inc. |
| Capacity | 4,700 |
| Field size | 120 x 75 yards |
| Surface | Grass |
| Construction | |
| Opened | 1993 (complex)
2015 (stadium) |
| Demolished | 2017 (stadium) |
| Tenants | |
| Charlotte Independence (USL) (2015–2017) | |


title: Charlie Haigbloom

abstract: Charlie Haigbloom was an Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne and Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

text:
# Charlie Haigbloom

**Charlie Haigbloom** (5 August 1882 – 12 April 1971) was an Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne and Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## InfoBox

| Charlie Haigbloom | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Charles Augustus Hagblom | | |
| Date of birth | (1882-08-05)5 August 1882 | | |
| Place of birth | South Melbourne, Victoria | | |
| Date of death | 12 April 1971(1971-04-12) (aged 88) | | |
| Place of death | Fitzroy, Victoria | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1902, 1904 | South Melbourne | 06 0(1) |
| 1907 | Essendon | 09 (10) |
| Total |  | **15 (11)** |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1907. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Sitdown

abstract:
Sitdown, Sit Down or sit-down may refer to the following:
  - Sit-down hydrofoil, a water sport in which one rides above the water, supported by a hydrofoil wing
  - Sitdown strike, a strike in which workers take possession of a workplace by "sitting down"
  - Sit-down restaurant, a type of restaurant
  - Sitdown, a type of powerbomb, a professional wrestling throw
  - A meeting, terminology frequently used in mafia media, such as The Godfather franchise
  - In British Methodism, "to sit down" is a technical phrase referring to Ministers ceasing active stipendiary work to become "supernumerary" ministers

text:
# Sitdown

**Sitdown**, **Sit Down** or **sit-down** may refer to the following:

* Sit-down hydrofoil, a water sport in which one rides above the water, supported by a hydrofoil wing
* Sitdown strike, a strike in which workers take possession of a workplace by "sitting down"
* Sit-down restaurant, a type of restaurant
* Sitdown, a type of powerbomb, a professional wrestling throw
* A meeting, terminology frequently used in mafia media, such as *The Godfather* franchise
* In British Methodism, "to sit down" is a technical phrase referring to Ministers ceasing active stipendiary work to become "supernumerary" ministers

## Music

* Sit-in, a form of direct action that involves one or more people nonviolently occupying an area for a protest