abstract: The Federation of Hospital And University Employees is a coalition of labor unions in New Haven, Connecticut, United States, which represents thousands of workers at Yale University and Yale New Haven Hospital. The federation currently includes recognized unions UNITE HERE Locals 34 and 35, which represent university food service, maintenance, and custodial workers, and clerical and technical workers, respectively. UNITE HERE has also, for the last fifteen years, supported the organizing efforts of graduate student teachers and researchers in the Graduate Employees and Students Organization. Finally, the Federation also includes the 150 dietary workers at Yale New Haven Hospital who are members of Local 1199NE of the Service Employees International Union (SEIU). Since 1998, this union has conducted an organizing campaign of about 1,800 other blue-collar service workers at the hospital. On March 22, 2006, the union and hospital agreed to an agreement governing the conduct of both parties in a neutral election process by which hospital employees will be able to vote on whether to unionize.

text:
# Federation of Hospital and University Employees

The **Federation of Hospital And University Employees** is a coalition of labor unions in New Haven, Connecticut, United States, which represents thousands of workers at Yale University and Yale New Haven Hospital. The federation currently includes recognized unions UNITE HERE Locals 34 and 35, which represent university food service, maintenance, and custodial workers, and clerical and technical workers, respectively. UNITE HERE has also, for the last fifteen years, supported the organizing efforts of graduate student teachers and researchers in the Graduate Employees and Students Organization. Finally, the Federation also includes the 150 dietary workers at Yale New Haven Hospital who are members of Local 1199NE of the Service Employees International Union (SEIU). Since 1998, this union has conducted an organizing campaign of about 1,800 other blue-collar service workers at the hospital. On March 22, 2006, the union and hospital agreed to an agreement governing the conduct of both parties in a neutral election process by which hospital employees will be able to vote on whether to unionize.

## History

The Federation of University Employees was formed in 1951 when Local 142 of the United Construction Workers–CIO, representing custodial and maintenance workers at Yale University, disaffiliated with its international union in favor of fiscal and strategic independence. In 1955, the union organized food service workers in Yale's residential college dining halls and, a year later, affiliated with the Hotel and Restaurant Employees and Bartenders International Union, which later changed its name to the Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees International Union (HERE) and merged with a union of textile and laundry workers in 2004 to become UNITE HERE. The service and maintenance and physical plant workers who comprised the federation's membership were at this time all grouped into Local 35.

The union's origins thus lie in the wave of militant and ambitious organizing precipitated by the CIO in the 1930s and 1940s, as the immigrant workers who had built and staffed Yale's new residential colleges began to organize themselves into an industrial union with the aid of CIO organizer John Clark and several sympathetic professors in Yale's Divinity School.

In 1953 the union engaged in a two-week strike for a maintenance of membership clause in its contract with the university. In 1968, the union, which had been quiescent throughout the 1950s and early sixties even as Yale president Kingman Brewster introduced two corporate executives from the Inland Steel Corporation to govern the university's Human Resource department with a Taylorist ethic.

In 1968, the union struck again, lasting a week and voting by a slim margin to accept a contract which many workers felt was substandard. Students served as temporary replacement workers and the union's business agent, New York lawyer Moss Schenk, was fired and replaced with New Haven labor leader Vincent J. Sirabella, the president of the New Haven Central Labor Council.

The union struck again in 1971, 1974, and 1977. These strikes were each longer than the last and were each the longest strikes in the university's history at the time of their conclusion. (The 1977 strike lasted 13 weeks and is still the longest strike Yale has ever seen.)

Beginning in the late 1940s, but really taking off in the mid-late 1960s, came successive attempts to organize the feminized, "pink-collar" workforce of Yale's clerical and technical employees by District 65, the Office and Professional Employees International Union (OPEIU), and the United Auto Workers (UAW). In 1983, a homegrown organizing drive by HERE to organize these workers finally succeeded. The union, HERE Local 34, won a National Labor Relations Board election by six votes in the face of intimidation tactics by university management and entrenched structures of favoritism and nepotistic promotion. When the university refused to negotiate a first contract with Local 34, workers began a ten-week strike on September 26, 1984. Local 35 members refused to cross their sister local's picket lines and joined their strike. Undergraduates and graduate students mobilized to support them. The strike attracted national attention from inside and outside the labor movement and was a beacon of light in a dark time for U.S. union movements when Yale settled on the terms of a contract with first the victorious Local 34 and then on an unprecedented contract with Local 35 as well.

In 1990, teaching and research assistants in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences decided to organize a union, GESO, and affiliated with the federation. There were several strikes in the 1990s, including two successive one month walkouts by Locals 35 and 34, respectively, in the spring semester of 1996. The 1996 strike was concerned primarily with the issue of subcontracting. During the strike, Local 35 organized nearly 300 casual workers into its bargaining unit, but Yale inserted a loophole into the contract which gave it the ability to subcontract work in any new or renovated buildings, and then promptly began a campaign to renovate nearly all of its major buildings.

In 1998 the federation struck a partnership with the SEIU to organize approximately 1800 unorganized workers at Yale-New Haven hospital, and the Federation became a multi-union, collaborative endeavor, The Federation of Hospital and University Employees.

In January 2002, the union's contract with the university expired. The union had agreed to a six-year, rather than a four-year contract during the previous negotiation cycle in order to avoid labor strife during the university's tercentennial celebrations. The university hired John Stepp of Restructuring Associates, Inc. to facilitate Interest-based bargaining in the hopes of avoiding the rancorous disputes of past contract cycles. In May 2002, Yale abruptly terminated Stepp's employment without previously notifying the federation. On September 25, 2002, 675 workers, students, and other members of the New Haven community were arrested in an act of mass civil disobedience.

In January, 2003, the union offered to enter into binding arbitration with the university, but administrators refused the offer. A one-week-long strike took place between March 3 and March 7, 2003, garnering support from Cornel West, Jesse Jackson, John Sweeney, Dennis Rivera, John Wilhelm, and Andy Stern, as well as thousands of workers, thousands of members of the community who marched on the university on the strike's first day to demand equal access to jobs and the desegregation of the university's hiring structures, and hundreds of undergraduates, who staged a walkout on the strike's snowy fourth day and held classes in the street.

With negotiations effectively dead over the summer, the Federation struck again in late August, after a group of retirees occupied the university's investment office to demand to know the status and whereabouts of a university-administered pension fund. The strike was settled on September 18, 2003 after several days of negotiations mediated by New Haven Mayor John Destefano and a 10,000-strong labor march which shut down downtown New Haven five days earlier.

In April, 2005, GESO struck again for one week and continues to campaign, with the support of the rest of the Federation, for union recognition.

## Other Yale Unions

Section(9)(b)(3) of the National Labor Relations Act—a part of the Taft–Hartley amendments—bans security guards from belonging to the same union as other workers of the same employer without the employer's permission. This prohibition extends beyond belonging to the same local or even the same international union; security officers cannot belong to any AFL–CIO affiliated union if other employees are members of an affiliate. The Yale administration has withheld its permission, so the university's police officers and security guards are not members of FHUE. Officers of the Yale University Police Department are members of the Yale Police Benevolent Association, which affiliated in 2005 with the Connecticut Organization for Public Safety Employees, an independent union. In 2010, Yale security officers were initially organized by AFSCME, an AFL–CIO affiliate union. Yale objected on section(9)(b)(3) grounds, and the National Labor Relations Board sided with the employer. Instead, the security officers voted to join the International Union of Security, Police and Fire Professionals of America.

## References and sources

* Toni Gilpin, Dan Letwin, Gary Isaac, and Jack McKivigan. *On Strike For Respect: The Yale University Clerical and Technical Workers Strike, 1984–1985*. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. 1995 \[1987\]
* Deborah Sue Elkin, *Labor and The Left: The Limits of Acceptable Dissent at Yale University, 1920s to 1950s*. PhD dissertation, Yale University, 1995.
* Herbert Janick, "Yale Blue: Unionization at Yale University, 1931–1985", *Labor History*, 1987 28(3)


title: Vauvillers, Haute-Saône

abstract: Vauvillers is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

text:
# Vauvillers, Haute-Saône

**Vauvillers** is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

## InfoBox

| Vauvillers | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall in Vauvillers | |
|  | |
| Location of Vauvillers | |
| VauvillersVauvillers | |
| Coordinates: 47°55′24″N 6°05′54″E / 47.9233°N 6.0983°E / 47.9233; 6.0983 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté |
| Department | Haute-Saône |
| Arrondissement | Lure |
| Canton | Jussey |
| Area**1** | 9.50 km2 (3.67 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 616 |
| Density | 65/km2 (170/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 70526 /70210 |
| Elevation | 238–353 m (781–1,158 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Countess Louise Juliana of Nassau

abstract: Louise Juliana of Orange-Nassau was a countess consort of the Palatinate by marriage to Frederick IV, Elector Palatine, and took part in the regency government of her son between 1610 and 1614. She also acted as a mediator between the king of Sweden and the elector of Brandenburg in 1631.

text:
# Countess Louise Juliana of Nassau

**Louise Juliana of Orange-Nassau** (31 March 1576 in Delft – 15 March 1644 in Königsberg) was a countess consort of the Palatinate by marriage to Frederick IV, Elector Palatine, and took part in the regency government of her son between 1610 and 1614. She also acted as a mediator between the king of Sweden and the elector of Brandenburg in 1631.

## Biography

Louise Juliana was the first Dutch born member of the House of Orange-Nassau. She was the eldest daughter of William of Nassau, Prince of Orange and his third spouse Charlotte de Bourbon-Montpensier.

After her father was murdered in 1584, she and some of her five sisters were raised by their stepmother Louise de Coligny.

On 23 June 1593, Louise Juliana married Frederick IV, Elector Palatine of the Rhine. The marriage was arranged as a Protestant alliance between one of the most powerful Protestant German rulers and a member of a powerful Dutch Protestant dynasty and she was granted a dowry from both the Dutch estates and king Henry IV of France.

The marriage was not happy; Frederick IV was often drunk and unfaithful. Louise Juliana was nevertheless constantly pregnant, giving birth to eight children in just eight years; five of them lived to adulthood. She arranged for her children to be raised by her sister Elisabeth in the principality of Sedan, where they could be shielded from their father and given a Calvinist upbringing.

After the death of her husband in 1610, she took part in the regency government in the name of her son Frederick V, known as "the Winter King." While John II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken was formally named regent, she took part in the government alongside him. She was instrumental in arranging the marriage between her son and Elizabeth Stuart in 1613. In 1614, her son was declared an adult and she retired to her dower estate in Kaiserslautern.

Louise Juliana tried to convince her son not to accept the Bohemian crown in 1618. When he left for Bohemia with his spouse, Louise Juliana was left in charge of her grandchildren, Charles Louis and Elizabeth, and returned to Heidelberg to act as the adviser of her son's regent John II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken. In 1620, she was forced to flee the Palatinate, and escaped with her grandchildren to her daughter in Berlin (her grandchildren remained in her care until 1628).

When Berlin was besieged by King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden in 1631, she was given power of attorney by her son-in-law the Elector of Brandenburg to negotiate, and managed to convince her son-in-law to give in to the Swedish king's demands, thereby saving Berlin from destruction. She left with the Brandenburg court to Königsberg in 1638.

## Issue

## InfoBox

| Countess Louise Juliana | |
| --- | --- |
| Louise Juliana of Orange-Nassau | |
| Electress Palatine | |
| Tenure | 23 June 1593 – 19 September 1610 |
|  | |
| Born | (1576-03-31)31 March 1576
Delft |
| Died | 15 March 1644(1644-03-15) (aged 67)
Königsberg |
| Spouse | Frederick IV, Elector Palatine  (m. 1593; died 1610) |
| Issue | Luise Juliane, Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken
Katharina Sofie
Frederick V, Elector Palatine
Elisabeth Charlotte, Electress of Brandenburg
Anna Eleonore
Louis William
Maurice Christian
Louis Philip, Count Palatine of Simmern-Kaiserslautern |
| House | Nassau |
| Father | William the Silent |
| Mother | Charlotte of Bourbon |


title: Canton of Tallard

abstract: The canton of Tallard is an administrative division in southeastern France. At the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015, the canton was expanded from 9 to 19 communes:

text:
# Canton of Tallard

The **canton of Tallard** is an administrative division in southeastern France. At the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015, the canton was expanded from 9 to 19 communes:

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2013 | 9,832 |  |
| 2018 | 10,566 | +1.45% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

44°27′45″N 6°03′19″E / 44.46250°N 6.05528°E / 44.46250; 6.05528

## InfoBox

| Tallard | |
| --- | --- |
| Canton | |
|  | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur |
| Department | Hautes-Alpes |
| No. of communes | 19 |
| Seat | Tallard |
| Area | 253.97 km2 (98.06 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 10,925 |
| Density | 43/km2 (110/sq mi) |
| INSEE code | 05 14 |


title: Palatinate-Landsberg

abstract: Palatinate-Landsberg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire based around Landsberg Castle near Obermoschel, in southwestern Germany. Palatinate-Landsberg was the intermediate partition of Palatinate-Zweibrücken in 1604 for Frederick Casimir, the youngest son of John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken. Landsberg was invaded and devastated during the Thirty Years' War. In 1645 Frederick Casimir was succeeded by his son Frederick Louis. Frederick Louis inherited the Duchy of Zweibrücken in 1661 with its seat in the Imperial Diet. After dying in 1681 without legitimate descendants, Palatinate-Landsberg passed to the Kings of Sweden.

text:
# Palatinate-Landsberg

| **Palatinate-Landsberg**
***Pfalz-Landsberg*** | |
| --- | --- |
| **1604 - 1681** | |
|
 |
| **Capital
Circle
Bench** | Burg Landsberg
Upper Rhenish
Council of Princes |
| Partitioned from County Palatine of Zweibrücken | 1604 |
| Inherited Zweibrücken | 1661 |
| Extinct; to Sweden | 1681 |
|

**Palatinate-Landsberg** was a state of the Holy Roman Empire based around Landsberg Castle near Obermoschel, in southwestern Germany.

Palatinate-Landsberg was the intermediate partition of Palatinate-Zweibrücken in 1604 for Frederick Casimir, the youngest son of John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken. Landsberg was invaded and devastated during the Thirty Years' War. In 1645 Frederick Casimir was succeeded by his son Frederick Louis. Frederick Louis inherited the Duchy of Zweibrücken in 1661 with its seat in the Imperial Diet. After dying in 1681 without legitimate descendants, Palatinate-Landsberg passed to the Kings of Sweden.

| Name | Date | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Frederick Casimir | 1604 - 1645 |  |
| Frederick Louis | 1645 - 1681 | Count Palatine of Zweibrücken |
|


title: Dimosthenis Valavanis

abstract: Dimosthenis Valavanis was a Greek poet of the First Athenian School. He was born in 1829 in Karytaina. As a child he was orphaned and moved to live with relatives in Nauplio where he finished school. He enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine in the University of Athens. Before graduating he contracted tuberculosis and died in 1854. As he died very young he did not manage to publish a poetry collection. Some of his poems were published in literary magazines. He is one of the few poets of the First Athenian School that wrote poems both in Katharevousa and Demotic Greek. He also wrote a novel titled Two Nights which was published in Euterpi magazine and a tragedy which is lost. Modern critics have found in his work the prospects of a creative force which was cut short because of his early death.

text:
# Dimosthenis Valavanis

**Dimosthenis Valavanis** (Greek: Δημοσθένης Βαλαβάνης; 1829–1854) was a Greek poet of the First Athenian School.

He was born in 1829 in Karytaina. As a child he was orphaned and moved to live with relatives in Nauplio where he finished school. He enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine in the University of Athens. Before graduating he contracted tuberculosis and died in 1854.

As he died very young he did not manage to publish a poetry collection. Some of his poems were published in literary magazines. He is one of the few poets of the First Athenian School that wrote poems both in Katharevousa and Demotic Greek. He also wrote a novel titled *Two Nights* which was published in *Euterpi* magazine and a tragedy (*The death of Papaflessas*) which is lost. Modern critics have found in his work the prospects of a creative force which was cut short because of his early death.

* Konstantinos Dimaras, *Ιστορία της Νεοελληνικής Λογοτεχνίας \[History of Modern Greek Literature\]* Ίκαρος, Athens, 1948.
* M. Vitti, *Ιστορία της Νεοελληνικής Λογοτεχνίας* \[*History of Modern Greek Literature*\], ed. Οδυσσέας, Athens, 2003.


title: Fall Creek State Recreation Site

abstract: Fall Creek State Recreation Site is a state park in the U.S. state of Oregon, administered by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. The park includes 47 campsites that do not include many luxuries. Each site includes a picnic table and a fire ring. There is also a designated swimming area in the lake that Fall Creek flows into. A dock and boat ramp are on the lake as well.

text:
# Fall Creek State Recreation Site

**Fall Creek State Recreation Site** is a state park in the U.S. state of Oregon, administered by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. The park includes 47 campsites that do not include many luxuries. Each site includes a picnic table and a fire ring. There is also a designated swimming area in the lake that Fall Creek flows into. A dock and boat ramp are on the lake as well.

## InfoBox

| Fall Creek State Recreation Site | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | Public, state |
| Location | Lane County, Oregon |
| Nearest city | Eugene |
| Coordinates | 43°56′29″N 122°44′52″W / 43.9415153°N 122.7478482°W / 43.9415153; -122.7478482 |
| Operated by | Oregon Parks and Recreation Department |


title: Fani Madida

abstract: Fani Madida is a South African former professional footballer who played as a midfielder or forward in South Africa for Giant Blackpool, Kaizer Chiefs and Hellenic and in Turkey for Beşiktaş, Antalyaspor and Bursaspor.

text:
# Fani Madida

**Fani Madida** (born 7 December 1966) is a South African former professional footballer who played as a midfielder or forward in South Africa for Giant Blackpool, Kaizer Chiefs and Hellenic and in Turkey for Beşiktaş, Antalyaspor and Bursaspor.

## International career

Madida made his debut for the South Africa national team on 7 July 1992 in a 1–0 win over Cameroon and played his last match on 18 September 1996 in a 2–0 win over Australia coming on for Mark Williams in the 74th minute.

## InfoBox

Fani Madida
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Fani Madida | | |
| Date of birth | (1966-12-07) 7 December 1966 | | |
| Place of birth | Newcastle, South Africa | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder, forward | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1985–1986 | Madadeni Santos | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1987–1992 | Kaizer Chiefs | 107 | (58) |
| 1992–1995 | Beşiktaş | 75 | (16) |
| 1995–1996 | Antalyaspor | 32 | (12) |
| 1996–1997 | Bursaspor | 31 | (6) |
| 1997–1998 | Antalyaspor | 19 | (2) |
| 1998 | Bursaspor | 2 | (0) |
| 1998–2000 | Hellenic |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1992–1996 | South Africa | 11 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Falcaustra tannaensis

abstract: Falcaustra tannaensis is the 87th discovered species of the nematode genus Falcaustra. It has been identified in geckos from Tanna Island, Vanuatu. Species of Falcaustra have been known parasites that occur in the digestive tracts of fish, amphibians, and mammals. Until 2010, none had ever been identified in the South Pacific Islands. Falcaustra tannaensis is a nematode with a cylindrical body tapering anteriorly and posteriorly. It has a thin cuticle with fine, regular striations. Mouth opening is triangular, surrounded by 3 large lips, each with 2 papillai, amphidial pore at lateral edge of each subventral lip. Its lip support is lightly sclerotized. Cervical papillae slightly posterior to nerve ring, inconspicuous. The tail is conical and pointed in both sexes. It is also related to Falcaustra pelusios, a nematode that infects the gastrointestinal tract of turtles.

text:
# Falcaustra tannaensis

***Falcaustra tannaensis*** is the 87th discovered species of the nematode genus *Falcaustra*. It has been identified in geckos from Tanna Island, Vanuatu. Species of *Falcaustra* have been known parasites that occur in the digestive tracts of fish, amphibians, and mammals. Until 2010, none had ever been identified in the South Pacific Islands.

*Falcaustra tannaensis* is a nematode with a cylindrical body tapering anteriorly and posteriorly. It has a thin cuticle with fine, regular striations. Mouth opening is triangular, surrounded by 3 large lips, each with 2 papillai, amphidial pore at lateral edge of each subventral lip. Its lip support is lightly sclerotized. Cervical papillae slightly posterior to nerve ring, inconspicuous. The tail is conical and pointed in both sexes. It is also related to *Falcaustra pelusios*, a nematode that infects the gastrointestinal tract of turtles.

## InfoBox

| *Falcaustra tannaensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Nematoda |
| Class: | Chromadorea |
| Family: | Kathlaniidae |
| Genus: | *Falcaustra* |
| Species: | ***F. tannaensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Falcaustra tannaensis***<br>Bursey *et al.*, 2010 | |
|


abstract: Everything I Need to Know I Learned from a Little Golden Book is a 2013 best selling picture book by Diane Muldrow. It is a humorous guide to life that is derived from Little Golden Books stories and their illustrations.

text:
# Everything I Need to Know I Learned from a Little Golden Book

***Everything I Need to Know I Learned from a Little Golden Book*** is a 2013 best selling picture book by Diane Muldrow. It is a humorous guide to life that is derived from Little Golden Books stories and their illustrations.

## Reception

In a review for *School Library Journal*, Renee McGrath writes, "The author, the longtime editorial director at Golden Books, has cleverly strung together a collection of images and text from approximately 65 different books into a guide about enjoying life and what's important." *Kirkus Reviews* describes the book as "Chicken soup for fans of Golden Books". According to *Publishers Weekly*, "Readers who grew up with Little Golden Books illustrated by the likes of Mary Blair, Tibor Gergely, and Garth Williams will enjoy this optimistic and cheering trip down memory lane."

In a review for the *Sydney Morning Herald*, Alan Stokes describes the book as "a nostalgic trip with wonderful illustrations", and observes "with the focus on pictures, Muldrow cannot explore the books in greater depth", particularly *The Saggy Baggy Elephant*, and states Muldrow's summary "belittles Saggy Baggy's positive contribution to the psychological well-being of countless individuals who have felt different or lonely, or struggled with their identity." Radio New Zealand also reviewed the book.

The book is a best seller.

## InfoBox

Everything I Need to Know I Learned from a Little Golden Book
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Diane Muldrow |
| Illustrator | Various |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Humor, behavior |
| Published | 2013 (Golden Books) |
| Publication place | USA |
| Media type | Print (hardback) |
| Pages | 88 |
| ISBN | 9780307977618 |
| OCLC | 1057575957 |


title: Calcium pangamate

abstract: Calcium pangamate is a mineral supplement. It is sometimes used as a synonym for pangamic acid.

text:
# Calcium pangamate

**Calcium pangamate** is a mineral supplement. It is sometimes used as a synonym for pangamic acid.

## InfoBox

Calcium pangamate
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical data | |
| ATC code |  |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * Calcium 6-(2-dimethylamino-acetoxy)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-hexanoate | |
| CAS Number |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | Ca(C10H18NO8)2 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * CN(C)CC(=O)OC\[C@H\](\[C@H\](\[C@@H\](\[C@H\](C(=O)\[O-\])O)O)O)O.CN(C)CC(=O)OC\[C@H\](\[C@H\](\[C@@H\](\[C@H\](C(=O)\[O-\])O)O)O)O.\[Ca+2\] | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/2C10H19NO8.Ca/c2\*1-11(2)3-6(13)19-4-5(12)7(14)8(15)9(16)10(17)18;/h2\*5,7-9,12,14-16H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H,17,18);/q;;+2/p-2/t2\*5-,7-,8+,9-;/m11./s1 N * Key:JWLAOERSRUNGEF-JQVJEGKNSA-L N | |
| NY (what is this?)  (verify) | |


title: Sarah Slean EP

abstract: Sarah Slean is an EP by Sarah Slean, featuring three new tracks and four from her back catalogue. The three new tracks would be released the following year on her debut album on Atlantic Records, Night Bugs. The four older tracks are taken from Blue Parade and Universe.

text:
# Sarah Slean EP

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |

***Sarah Slean*** is an EP by Sarah Slean, featuring three new tracks and four from her back catalogue. The three new tracks would be released the following year on her debut album on Atlantic Records, *Night Bugs*. The four older tracks are taken from *Blue Parade* and *Universe*.

## Track listing

1. "Eliot" - 4:24
2. "Book Smart, Street Stupid" - 4:47
3. "Sweet Ones" - (a promotional version of this EP features "Bank Accounts" on Track 3) - 3:06
4. "High" - from ''*Blue Parade* \- 3:34
5. "Twin Moon" - from *Blue Parade* \- 5:04
6. "Me & Jerome" - from *Universe* \- 3:25
7. "John the 23rd" - from *Universe* \- 4:30

## InfoBox

| Sarah Slean | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Sarah Slean | |
| Released | 2001 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Label | Atlantic |
| Producer | Sarah Slean |
| Sarah Slean chronology | |
| *Blue Parade*
(1998) ***Sarah Slean***
(2001) *Night Bugs*
(2002) | |


title: Caesar Film

abstract: Caesar Film was an Italian film production and distribution company founded in 1913. The studio's owner Giuseppe Barattolo built it into one of the more successful silent film companies of the 1910s, thanks partly to signing up the diva Francesca Bertini to make a series of films. Following the crisis in Italian production that followed the First World War, Barattolo took Caesar in as a member of the giant consortium Unione Cinematografica Italiana which pooled the resources of several major film producers. However the collapse of this company in 1925 left Caesar struggling. Following a boom in production following the arrival of sound in 1930, Barattolo relaunched Caesar and made several films without restoring it to its former strength. Barattolo subsequently became involved with Scalera Film, which was financially backed by Italy's Fascist government.

text:
# Caesar Film

**Caesar Film** was an Italian film production and distribution company founded in 1913. The studio's owner Giuseppe Barattolo built it into one of the more successful silent film companies of the 1910s, thanks partly to signing up the diva Francesca Bertini to make a series of films.

Following the crisis in Italian production that followed the First World War, Barattolo took Caesar in as a member of the giant consortium Unione Cinematografica Italiana which pooled the resources of several major film producers. However the collapse of this company in 1925 left Caesar struggling. Following a boom in production following the arrival of sound in 1930, Barattolo relaunched Caesar and made several films without restoring it to its former strength. Barattolo subsequently became involved with Scalera Film, which was financially backed by Italy's Fascist government.

## Bibliography

* Moliterno, Gino. *Historical Dictionary of Italian Cinema*. Scarecrow Press, 2009.


title: Sarcomyxa serotina

abstract: Sarcomyxa serotina is a species of fungus in the family Sarcomyxaceae. Its recommended English name in the UK is olive oysterling. In North America it is known as late fall oyster or late oyster mushroom. Fruit bodies grow as greenish, overlapping fan- or oyster-shaped caps on the wood of both coniferous and deciduous trees. The gills on the underside are closely spaced, bright orange yellow, and have an adnate attachment to the stipe. It produces a yellow spore print; spores are smooth, amyloid, and measure 4–6 by 1–2 μm. The species is considered to be either edible or inedible, with the taste ranging from mild to bitter. Research has revealed that two separate species exist, Sarcomyxa serotina and Sarcomyxa edulis. The latter is cultivated for food in China and Japan.

text:
# Sarcomyxa serotina

***Sarcomyxa serotina*** is a species of fungus in the family Sarcomyxaceae. Its recommended English name in the UK is **olive oysterling**. In North America it is known as **late fall oyster** or **late oyster mushroom**. Fruit bodies grow as greenish, overlapping fan- or oyster-shaped caps on the wood of both coniferous and deciduous trees. The gills on the underside are closely spaced, bright orange yellow, and have an adnate attachment to the stipe. It produces a yellow spore print; spores are smooth, amyloid, and measure 4–6 by 1–2 μm.

The species is considered to be either edible or inedible, with the taste ranging from mild to bitter. Research has revealed that two separate species exist, *Sarcomyxa serotina* and *Sarcomyxa edulis* (unknown in Europe). The latter is cultivated for food in China and Japan.

| *Sarcomyxa serotina*Mycological characteristics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | **Gills** on hymenium |
|  | Hymenium is **adnate** or **decurrent** |
|  | Stipe is **bare** or lacks a stipe |
|  | Spore print is **yellow** |
|  | Ecology is **saprotrophic** |
|  | Edibility is **edible** |

## InfoBox

| *Sarcomyxa serotina* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Sarcomyxaceae |
| Genus: | *Sarcomyxa* |
| Species: | ***S. serotina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Sarcomyxa serotina***<br>(Pers.) P. Karst. (1891) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Agaricus serotinus* Pers. (1793) * *Pleurotus serotinus* (Pers.) P.Kumm. (1871) * *Acanthocystis serotinus* (Pers.) Konrad & Maubl. (1937) * *Hohenbuehelia serotina* (Pers.) Singer (1951) * *Panellus serotinus* (Pers.) Kühner (1950) * *Panus serotinus* (Pers.) Kühner (1980) | |


title: Santipur, Guwahati

abstract: Santipur is a locality in Guwahati, Assam, India, near the south bank of the river Brahmaputra. It is near Bharalumukh. Zip code is 781009. There are temples, Namghar and a mosque located in the area. Santipur is well known for the Pragjyotish College.

text:
# Santipur, Guwahati

**Santipur** is a locality in Guwahati, Assam, India, near the south bank of the river Brahmaputra. It is near Bharalumukh.

Zip code is 781009.

There are temples, Namghar and a mosque located in the area. Santipur is well known for the Pragjyotish College.

## Education

Sonaram High School, Pragjyotish College, Sun Flower English School, Santipur L.P. School are located here.

## Famous personality

Arnab Goswami is an Indian journalist, the editor-in-chief and a news anchor of the Indian news channel Times Now and ET Now, hails from this locality.

26°16′N 91°7′E / 26.267°N 91.117°E / 26.267; 91.117


title: Santipur Muslim High School

abstract: Santipur Muslim High School is a Government Sponsored Institution located in Santipur, Nadia district, West Bengal, India. This Institution was affiliated in the year 1938. This is a reputed and premium educational institution of Santipur municipal area. It is a boys' school and it has Upper Primary with Secondary and Higher Secondary section.

text:
# Santipur Muslim High School

**Santipur Muslim High School** is a Government Sponsored Institution located in Santipur, Nadia district, West Bengal, India. This Institution was affiliated in the year 1938. This is a reputed and premium educational institution of Santipur municipal area. It is a boys' school and it has Upper Primary with Secondary and Higher Secondary section (class V to class XII).

## History

Santipur Muslim High School was formerly known as Santipur Jubilee Madrassah. J. Andrew Taylor, Assistant Director of Public Instruction for Mahon Medan Education visited Santipur Jubilee Madrassah on 15 April 1914.

The school was started with 35 students in 1887 initially. Muhammad Helaluddin, a retired Govt. employee established this Institution.

On 2 January 1937, class VII class VIII was started. In the year 1938, the school got affiliation from University of Calcutta to start class IX and class X. Sir Muhammad Azizul Haque's initiative made this possible. This school is presently affiliated to West Bengal Board of Secondary Education (WBBSE) and West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education (WBCHSE).

## InfoBox

| Santipur Muslim High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 42/1, KC Das Rd, Borobazar, Berpara,
Santipur, West Bengal, 741404
India | |
| Coordinates | 23°14′44″N 88°25′35″E / 23.2455009°N 88.4264941°E / 23.2455009; 88.4264941 |
| Information | |
| Established | 1938 |
| Campus type | Urban |


title: Saranaca

abstract: Saranaca is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae.

text:
# Saranaca

***Saranaca*** is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae.

## Species

There are four species in *Saranaca*:

* Media related to Saranaca at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| *Saranaca* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Saranaca apicalis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Ichneumonidae |
| Tribe: | Ichneumonini |
| Genus: | *Saranaca*<br>Wahl & Sime, 2002 |
|


title: Sardar Ghulam Mustafa Khan Tareen

abstract: Sardar Ghulam Mustafa Khan Tareen was a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of Balochistan, from May 2013 to May 2018. He died on 22 April 2020 after testing positive for COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan.

text:
# Sardar Ghulam Mustafa Khan Tareen

**Sardar Ghulam Mustafa Khan Tareen** was a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of Balochistan, from May 2013 to May 2018.

He died on 22 April 2020 after testing positive for COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan.

## Early life and education

He was born on 1 January 1950 in Pishin District.

He has done Matriculation.

## Political career

He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of Balochistan as a candidate of Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party from Constituency PB-10-Pishin-III in 2013 Pakistani general election.

## InfoBox

| Sardar Ghulam Mustafa Khan Tareen | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Provincial Assembly of Balochistan | |
| **In office**
29 May 2013  31 May 2018 | |
| Constituency | PB-10 (Pishin-III) |
| Provincial Minister of Balochistan for Local Government and Rural Development | |
| **In office**
2013–2018 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1 January 1950
Pishin, Balochistan, Pakistan |
| Died | 22 April 2020
Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan |
| Political party | Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party |
|  | |


title: Sanziniinae

abstract: The Sanziniinae are a subfamily of boid snakes containing four species endemic to the island of Madagascar. Common names include Madagascar boas and Malagasy boas.

text:
# Sanziniinae

The **Sanziniinae** are a subfamily of boid snakes containing four species endemic to the island of Madagascar. Common names include **Madagascar boas** and **Malagasy boas**.

## Taxonomy

This subfamily contains two genera, each one with two species:

*Acrantophis dumerili*, Duméril's boa *Acrantophis madagascariensis*, Madagascar ground boa or Malagasy ground boa *Sanzinia madagascariensis*, Madagascar tree boa or Malagasy tree boa *Sanzinia volontany*, Nosy Komba ground boa  * Romer, A.S.: *Osteology of the Reptiles*. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1956.

## Further reading

* Glaw, Frank; Vences, Miguel (2007). *A Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar Third Edition*. Köln: M. Vences & F. Glaw Verlags GbR. ISBN 978-3-929449-03-7.

## InfoBox

| Sanziniinae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Madagascar ground boa (*Acrantophis madagascariensis*) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Boidae |
| Subfamily: | Sanziniinae<br>Romer, 1956 |
|
| Genera | |
| Two genera, see text | |


title: Caesar's

abstract: Caesar's is a restaurant inside a hotel of the same name on Avenida Revolución in Tijuana, Mexico. The restaurant is best known for originating the Caesar salad.

text:
# Caesar's

**Caesar's** is a restaurant inside a hotel of the same name on Avenida Revolución in Tijuana, Mexico. The restaurant is best known for originating the Caesar salad.

## History

The restaurant was founded by Italian immigrants Cesare (Cesar) and Alessandro (Alex) Cardini. Tijuana experienced a boom in visitors from Southern California in the 1920s due to alcohol prohibition in the United States. In the early years it was called "Caesar's Place" or "Caesar's Franco-Italian Restaurant".

In 1931 the Cardinis moved to a larger building with hotel rooms, as many visitors from California wished to spend the night in Tijuana.

According to legend, Caesar Cardini was at his restaurant in Tijuana on a particularly busy day when he improvised a salad with the ingredients he had on hand. On July 4, 1924, Cardini created the Caesar salad, which has since become one of the most ubiquitous dishes on restaurant menus worldwide.

After Caesar Cardini sold the hotel and restaurant, it went through several ownership changes. In 1948, the Avakian family took over the property and continued to operate and preserve the restaurant’s legacy, including the tradition of preparing the Caesar salad table-side.

Over the years, many names have been mentioned as the inventors of the salad, including Cardini's brother Alex Cardini and Livio Santini, a young chef at what was then Caesar’s Place, who some believe brought the salad recipe from his mother in Italy.

Tijuana historian Fernando Escobedo de la Torre and businessman Armando Avakian Gámez have researched and concluded that the original salad was created by Caesar Cardini on July 4, 1924, in Tijuana. Their conclusion is based on testimonies, historical archives, and eight years of research.

The salad became famous and was promoted by celebrities and other personalities, spreading its popularity to the United States and Europe. By around 1930, the salad was offered as “Romaine Parmigian Dressing” for 50 cents, according to an original menu on display at Caesar’s restaurant.

Julia Child, the famous American chef and television personality, recounted in her 1975 book "From Julia Child’s Kitchen" her early memories of dining at Caesar’s restaurant in Tijuana and experiencing the Caesar salad prepared tableside by Caesar Cardini himself.

The restaurant experienced a significant reduction in U.S. visitors to Tijuana after the September 11 attacks, leading to its closure in 2009 due to debt. Javier Plascencia's family took over the restaurant's operations, renovated it, and reopened it in July 2010 with a luxurious art deco interior reminiscent of the 1920s. The property where the restaurant operates continues under the Avakian family's ownership.

In 2017, the *San Diego Reader* called it the "classiest joint in Tijuana". Waiters prepare the "original" Caesar salads tableside.

The restaurant and hotel were featured by Andrew Zimmern in his Travel Channel television special *The Border Check*.

32°32′N 117°02′W / 32.53°N 117.04°W / 32.53; -117.04


title: Calamovilfa longifolia

abstract: Calamovilfa longifolia is a species of grass known by the common names prairie sandreed and sand reedgrass. It is native to North America, where it occurs from the Northwest Territories to Ontario in Canada and as far south as New Mexico and Kansas in the United States. There are two varieties, var. longifolia being widespread in the species' range and var. magna being native to the Great Lakes region. This species is a perennial grass with long, leafy rhizomes which hold the soil, forming sod. The roots may reach 3 metres deep in the soil. The stems are up to 2.4 m (7.9 ft) tall and can form colonies up to 8 m (26 ft) in diameter. Each stem has up to 12 leaves up to 76 centimetres long by 1 cm (0.39 in) wide. The leaves tend to roll up during dry conditions. The inflorescence is a panicle up to 78 cm (31 in) long. The spikelet is pale and shiny. The fruit is a caryopsis a few millimeters in length which has a ring of long hairs around its base. These help the seeds disperse on the wind. The plant may reproduce sexually via seed, but most of its reproduction is vegetative as the plant sprouts from the starchy tips of its rhizomes. Plants growing in moist, disturbed habitat and recently burned areas are most likely to produce seeds. This grass occurs in several types of habitat, including many types of grassland and prairie, pine and hardwood forest, sagebrush, and pinyon-juniper woodland, and dunes such as those on the margins of the Great Lakes. The plant grows in climates featuring hot summers, cold winters, and moderate precipitation. It is a dominant grass species in many regions, including the Nebraska Sand Hills and other sand hills, the Red River Valley, many prairies and grasslands of the Great Plains, and certain beaches along the Great Lakes, such as those at Kohler-Andrae State Park and Point Beach State Forest in Wisconsin. Though it is not one of the most palatable or nutritious grasses, this species is an important forage for livestock in sand hills regions. It begins growth earlier in the season than many other grasses. Some species of wildlife utilize it for food, such as California quail and pocket gophers. Waterfowl and black-tailed prairie dogs use it for cover. This grass is useful for stabilizing soil and preventing erosion because its robust rhizome easily holds loose, sandy soils. It can be used in revegetation efforts in disturbed habitat with sandy substrates, such as blowouts. A number of cultivars have been developed, including 'Goshen' and 'Pronghorn'. Pests of the grass include grasshoppers and the rust fungus Puccinia amphigena.

text:
# Calamovilfa longifolia

***Calamovilfa longifolia*** is a species of grass known by the common names **prairie sandreed** and **sand reedgrass**. It is native to North America, where it occurs from the Northwest Territories to Ontario in Canada and as far south as New Mexico and Kansas in the United States. There are two varieties, var. *longifolia* being widespread in the species' range and var. *magna* being native to the Great Lakes region.

This species is a perennial grass with long, leafy rhizomes which hold the soil, forming sod. The roots may reach 3 metres (9.8 feet) deep in the soil. The stems are up to 2.4 m (7.9 ft) tall and can form colonies up to 8 m (26 ft) in diameter. Each stem has up to 12 leaves up to 76 centimetres (2.49 feet) long by 1 cm (0.39 in) wide. The leaves tend to roll up during dry conditions. The inflorescence is a panicle up to 78 cm (31 in) long. The spikelet is pale and shiny. The fruit is a caryopsis a few millimeters in length which has a ring of long hairs around its base. These help the seeds disperse on the wind. The plant may reproduce sexually via seed, but most of its reproduction is vegetative as the plant sprouts from the starchy tips of its rhizomes. Plants growing in moist, disturbed habitat and recently burned areas are most likely to produce seeds.

This grass occurs in several types of habitat, including many types of grassland and prairie, pine and hardwood forest, sagebrush, and pinyon-juniper woodland, and dunes such as those on the margins of the Great Lakes. The plant grows in climates featuring hot summers, cold winters, and moderate precipitation. It is a dominant grass species in many regions, including the Nebraska Sand Hills and other sand hills, the Red River Valley, many prairies and grasslands of the Great Plains, and certain beaches along the Great Lakes, such as those at Kohler-Andrae State Park and Point Beach State Forest in Wisconsin.

Though it is not one of the most palatable or nutritious grasses, this species is an important forage for livestock in sand hills regions. It begins growth earlier in the season than many other grasses. Some species of wildlife utilize it for food, such as California quail and pocket gophers. Waterfowl and black-tailed prairie dogs use it for cover.

This grass is useful for stabilizing soil and preventing erosion because its robust rhizome easily holds loose, sandy soils. It can be used in revegetation efforts in disturbed habitat with sandy substrates, such as blowouts. A number of cultivars have been developed, including 'Goshen' and 'Pronghorn'. Pests of the grass include grasshoppers and the rust fungus *Puccinia amphigena*.

## InfoBox

| *Calamovilfa longifolia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Secure  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Genus: | *Calamovilfa* |
| Species: | ***C. longifolia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Calamovilfa longifolia***
(Hook.) Scribn. | |
|


title: Sarah B. Armstrong

abstract: Dr. Sarah B. Armstrong was an American physician and surgeon.

text:
# Sarah B. Armstrong

**Dr. Sarah B. Armstrong**  (July 31, 1853–July 16, 1939) was an American physician and surgeon.

## Early life and education

Armstrong was born on July 31, 1857, in Newton, Ohio, near Cincinnati. Her parents, Mary and Eliob Armstrong, were farmers. She had a brother who was two years younger than her. Armstrong attended public schools in Cincinnati until her family moved to Lebanon, Ohio in 1865. In 1870, she lived with her widowed mother, Mary, and her brother William.

Her maternal great-grandmother was the first woman to practice medicine west of the Alleghany mountains.

She studied at the university in town, and at 16, she became a teacher. She graduated with the highest honors from Lebanon University in 1880 with a Bachelor of Science degree.

## Career

Armstrong was employed by Lebanon University in 1883; she was a teacher and the head of the art department. Meanwhile, she completed the classical course and received a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1887. She received an honorary Master of Arts (MA) degree.

She received a degree in medicine in 1886. She continued to teach while also working as the physician and matron of the school. From 1888 through 1889, she studied medicine and was the assistant to the chair of theory and practice at the Homeopathic College of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan. She received her post-graduate degree in 1889. After working for a short period of time as a member of the medical faculty of Lebanon University, she resigned and went to New York, where for one year she made a special study of surgery.

On January 1, 1891, Armstrong moved to Bay City, Michigan, where she opened a medical practice. She sat on the school board in 1891. By 1898, she was secretary of an association of women physicians organized in Chicago.

She died on July 16, 1939, in Los Angeles, California.

## Personal life

Armstrong attended Baptist Church in Bay City, where she was a soprano singer and musician. She was a poet.

1. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Willard, Frances E; Livermore, Mary A., eds. (1893). *Sarah B. Armstrong*. Buffalo, Chicago, New York: Charles Wells Moulton  via Wikisource.
2. "Susan B. Armstrong, Anderson, Ohio - Post Office Newtown", *United States Federal Census*, National Archives and Records Administration, 1860
3. "Susan B. Armstrong, Lebanon, Ohio", *United States Federal Census*, National Archives and Records Administration, 1870
4. Logan, Mrs John A. (1912). *The Part Taken by Women in American History*. Perry-Nalle Publishing Company. p. 743.
5. Fisher, Charles Edmund (1898). *Medical Century*. Medical Century Company. p. 157.
6. "Susan B. Armstrong, Los Angeles, California", *Los Angeles Death Certificates*, Familysearch.org, p. 1031, 1939

## InfoBox

| Sarah B. Armstrong | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1853-07-31)July 31, 1853
Newton, Ohio |
| Died | July 16, 1939(1939-07-16) (aged 85)
Los Angeles, California |
| Education | Lebanon University, Ohio |
| Occupation(s) | Physician and surgeon |


title: Sarah Avni

abstract: Sarah I. Avni is a Slovak artist, based in Prague. She is involved in artistic photography and interior design in addition to painting.

text:
# Sarah Avni

**Sarah I. Avni** is a Slovak artist, based in Prague. She is involved in artistic photography and interior design in addition to painting.

## Career and education

Sarah Avni received her artistic education at Graphic Art School in Jihlava in the Czech Republic where she studied drawing and painting. She traveled through Europe, where she collected inspiration that has since made its way into her artistic work. She returned to Slovakia in 2006 and began to concentrate on painting and photography.

Given her positive relationship to travel and the fact that foreign peoples and cultures are an important part of her life and art work, she emphasized these bonds by continuing her education at the University of Central Europe from which she graduated in 2009 with a degree in International relations and diplomacy.

## Artistic composition

Among other works she is also the author of a Slovak postage stamp to commemorate the World Cup in South Africa which was recognized with a 1st place award in the international STAMP magazine. She was involved in the interior design process for the Holiday Inn hotel in Trnava and completed a series of paintings for the car company Kia.

## Exhibitions

### 2011

### 2012

### 2013

* *Chateau d'Ax*, Bratislava 2013
* *Olympic Casino Eurovea*, Bratislava 2013
* *Sushi Roof Eurovea*, Bratislava 2013

### 2015

* *Basel Art Center (Gift 4 You)*, Switzerland 2015
* *Basel Art Center (Osteropäische abstrakte Kunst)*, Switzerland 2015
* *Esterhazy Palace (Gallery Merikon Art Room)*, Vienna 2015

### 2016

* *Exhibition at the Slovak Presidency of the EU Council*, Brussels 2016
* *Fashion Club*, Prague 2016
* *Garden Agape*, Bratislava 2016
* *Chateau Rothschild*, Austria 2016

### 2017

* *Slovak Institute*, Vienna 2017
* *The House of Arts*, Piešťany, Slovakia 2017
* *Embassy of the Slovak Republic*, Ottawa 2017
* *Crowne Plaza, Manhattan*, New York 2017
* *Bratislava Castle*, Slovakia 2017
* *Chateau Mcely*, Czech Republic 2017

### 2018

* *Slovak Institut*, Berlin 2018
* *Tatra Museum*, Poprad, Slovakia 2018
* *Rivington Street Gallery*, New York 2018
* *Slovak Embassy*, Washington DC 2018
* *Ottawa City Hall*, Ottawa 2018
* *Festival Re:publika dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Czechoslovakia*, Czech Republic 2018
* *Kulturpark*, Košice, Slovakia 2018
* *Slovak Institute*, Prague 2018
* *Olympic Games*, South Korea 2018

### 2019

* *Ella Design*, Vevey, Switzerland 2019
* *Hotel Carlo IV.*, Prague 2019
* *Hotel Vienna House Andel´s*, Prague 2019
* *SC Central*, Bratislava, Slovakia 2019
* *Clarissine Church*, Bratislava, Slovakia 2019
* *Slovak Institut*, Moscow 2019
* *Gallery Vazka,*, Trencin, Slovakia 2019
* *MaxMara*, Bratislava 2019


title: Calisto franciscoi

abstract: Calisto franciscoi is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is endemic to parts of Hispaniola, where it is found in the lowland desert. The larvae feed on various species of Brunch grass.

text:
# Calisto franciscoi

***Calisto franciscoi*** is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is endemic to parts of Hispaniola, where it is found in the lowland desert.

The larvae feed on various species of Brunch grass.

## InfoBox

| *Calisto franciscoi* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | *Calisto* |
| Species: | ***C. franciscoi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Calisto franciscoi***<br>Gali, 1985 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Calisto hendersoni* Gali, 1985 | |


title: Calisto grannus

abstract: Calisto grannus is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is endemic to Hispaniola, where it is generally found on altitudes above 1000 meters. The larvae feed on various grasses.

text:
# Calisto grannus

***Calisto grannus*** is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is endemic to Hispaniola, where it is generally found on altitudes above 1000 meters.

The larvae feed on various grasses.

## Subspecies

* *Calisto grannus grannus*
* *Calisto grannus amazona* González, 1987
* *Calisto grannus dilemma* González, 1987
* *Calisto grannus dystacta* González, 1987
* *Calisto grannus micheneri* Clench, 1944
* *Calisto grannus micrommata* Schwartz & Gali, 1984
* *Calisto grannus phoinix* González, 1987
* *Calisto grannus sommeri* Schwartz & Gali, 1984

## InfoBox

| *Calisto grannus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Calisto grannus grannus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | *Calisto* |
| Species: | ***C. grannus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Calisto grannus***<br>Bates, 1939 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Calisto amazona* González, 1987 * *Calisto dystacta* González, 1987 * *Calisto micheneri* Clench, 1944 * *Calisto micrommata* Schwartz & Gali, 1984 * *Calisto phoinix* González, 1987 * *Calisto sommeri* Schwartz & Gali, 1984 | |


title: Calisto israeli

abstract: Calisto israeli is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is endemic to Cuba, where it is known from the middle and western parts of the Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa mountains, from the Monte Iberia plateau west to Cupeyal. The species has also been recorded from Sierra de Cristal. It is probably also present on the eastern half of Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa mountains. It can be found from 250 and 1,230 meters, where it inhabits several variants of evergreen and rainforests and, to a lesser extent, wet sclerophyllous low forests. The length of the forewings is 24–26 mm (0.94–1.02 in) for males and 25–27 mm (0.98–1.06 in) for females. Eggs are laid loose, are near spherical in shape and ivory white in color. The species seems to be associated with climbing grasses, such as Arthrostylidium pinifolia and Chusquea species.

text:
# Calisto israeli

***Calisto israeli*** is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is endemic to Cuba, where it is known from the middle and western parts of the Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa mountains, from the Monte Iberia plateau west to Cupeyal. The species has also been recorded from Sierra de Cristal. It is probably also present on the eastern half of Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa mountains. It can be found from 250 and 1,230 meters (820 and 4,040 ft), where it inhabits several variants of evergreen and rainforests and, to a lesser extent, wet sclerophyllous low forests.

The length of the forewings is 24–26 mm (0.94–1.02 in) for males and 25–27 mm (0.98–1.06 in) for females.

Eggs are laid loose, are near spherical in shape and ivory white in color. The species seems to be associated with climbing grasses, such as *Arthrostylidium pinifolia* and *Chusquea* species.

## InfoBox

| *Calisto israeli* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Male, upperside | |
|  | |
| Male, underside | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | *Calisto* |
| Species: | ***C. israeli*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Calisto israeli***<br>Torre, 1973 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Calisto israel* Smith et al., 1994 * *Calisto sibylla smintheus* Lamas, 2004 | |


title: Calisto hysius

abstract: Calisto hysius is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is endemic to Hispaniola. The wingspan is 16.5–17.5 mm. The larvae feed on various grasses.

text:
# Calisto hysius

***Calisto hysius*** is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is endemic to Hispaniola.

The wingspan is 16.5–17.5 mm.

The larvae feed on various grasses.

## Subspecies

* *Calisto hysius hysius*
* *Calisto hysius aleucosticha* Correa & Schwartz, 1986

## InfoBox

| *Calisto hysius* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | *Calisto* |
| Species: | ***C. hysius*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Calisto hysius***<br>(Godart, \[1824\]) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Satyrus hysius* Godart, \[1824\] * *Calisto aleucosticha* Correa & Schwartz, 1986 | |


title: Satellite Young

abstract: Satellite Young is a Japanese synthwave band founded by Emi Kusano and BelleMaison Sekine in 2013. Their music and style are influenced by classic J-pop artists such as Pink Lady, Minako Honda, Chisato Moritaka, Yoko Minamino, Yū Hayami, and Seiko Matsuda, as well as synthwave and new-age artists such as Jan Hammer, Cusco, and Tangerine Dream.

text:
# Satellite Young

**Satellite Young** (サテライトヤング, *Sateraito Yangu*) is a Japanese synthwave band founded by Emi Kusano and BelleMaison Sekine in 2013. Their music and style are influenced by classic J-pop artists such as Pink Lady, Minako Honda, Chisato Moritaka, Yoko Minamino, Yū Hayami, and Seiko Matsuda, as well as synthwave and new-age artists such as Jan Hammer, Cusco, and Tangerine Dream.

## History

In 2012, Emi Kusano was watching reruns of the 1980s Japanese comedy series *Magical Girl Chukan Paipai!* (魔法少女ちゅうかなぱいぱい!, *Mahō Shōjo Chūkana Paipai!*), which inspired her to write songs and create a musical project. A mutual friend at her university introduced her to BelleMaison Sekine. One year later, Kusano sent Sekine an a cappella demo of her song "Jack Doushi", which eventually became Satellite Young's debut single in 2014. Tele Hideo joined the duo in 2015 as a "media technologist", handling the production of the band's music videos and sometimes appearing on stage as a dancer or drummer. Now a trio, Satellite Young released their first EP and music video "Dividual Heart".

In 2016, the band recorded "Don't Graduate Senpai" for the Swedish retro anime *Senpai Club*. In addition, they collaborated with Mitch Murder to record the single "Sniper Rouge".

In 2017, Satellite Young released their self-titled debut album and their second EP *Modern Romance*. In addition, the band performed at the 2017 South by Southwest Music Festival.

On October 14, 2020, Kusano released her solo single "Glass Ceiling" under the pseudonym "Emi Satellite". Produced by London-based musician Skytopia and inspired by the 2019 South Korean film *Kim Ji-young: Born 1982*, the song focuses on the hardships and inequalities of women in East Asia.

## Members

* Emi Kusano (草野 絵美, *Kusano Emi*) – lead vocals, lyrics, music (2013–present)
* BelleMaison Sekine (ベルメゾン関根, *Berumezon Sekine*) – music, arrangement (2013–present)
* Tele Hideo (テレ・ヒデオ, *Tere Hideo*) – stage production (2015–present)

## Discography

### Singles

* "Jack Doushi" (ジャック同士, *Jakku Dōshi*) (January 30, 2014)
* "Fake Memory" (フェイクメモリー, *Feiku Memorī*) (May 20, 2014)
* "Geeky Boyfriend" (December 16, 2014)
* "Break! Break! Tic! Tac!" (December 16, 2014)
* "Don't Graduate Senpai" (卒業しないで、先輩, *Sotsugyō Shinai de, Senpai*) (January 11, 2016)
* "Sniper Rouge" (Mitch Murder & Satellite Young) (February 15, 2016)
* "1000% Not a Dream!" (1000%ユメジャナイ！, *Sen Pāsento Yume ja Nai!*) (March 16, 2018)
* "Singing Dream" (April 20, 2018)
* "Moment in Slow Motion" (November 2, 2018)
* "Take On Me" (December 5, 2018)
* "New World Banzai" (新世界Banzai, *Shin Sekai Banzai*) (June 13, 2019)

### Albums

### Mini albums

* *Dividual Heart* (October 16, 2015)
* *Modern Romance* (November 20, 2017)
* *Sanfransokyo Girl* (February 19, 2018)

## InfoBox

| Satellite Young<br>サテライトヤング | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Tokyo, Japan |
| Genres |  |
| Years active | 2013 (2013)–present |
|  | |
| Members |  |
|  | |
| Website | satelliteyoung.bandcamp.com |


title: Satellite Town, Quetta

abstract: Satellite Town is an upscale neighborhood and residential suburb located in the city of Quetta in Balochistan, Pakistan. The town is situated adjacent to the University of Balochistan and the headquarters of the Geological Survey of Pakistan.

text:
# Satellite Town, Quetta

**Satellite Town** is an upscale neighborhood and residential suburb located in the city of Quetta in Balochistan, Pakistan. The town is situated adjacent to the University of Balochistan and the headquarters of the Geological Survey of Pakistan.

## InfoBox

| Satellite Town | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Satellite Town | |
| Coordinates: 30°10′52″N 67°01′59″E / 30.181174°N 67.033081°E / 30.181174; 67.033081 | |
| Country | Pakistan |
| Province | Balochistan |
| District | Quetta District |
| Time zone | UTC+5 (PST) |


title: Satomi Wadami

abstract: Satomi Wadami is a Japanese amateur road and track cyclist. She won three bronze medals in women's road time trial, individual pursuit, and points race at the Asian Championships, and later represented Japan at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Wadami qualified for the Japanese squad in the women's points race at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing by claiming a gold medal and receiving a berth from the UCI "B" World Championships in Cape Town, South Africa. Wadami did not finish the grueling 25-km Olympic sprint race in a field of twenty-two cyclists, after she suddenly crashed and fell off the track, leaving her distraught and injured.

text:
# Satomi Wadami

**Satomi Wadami** (和田見 里美, *Wadami Satomi*, born May 26, 1987 in Hokuei, Tottori) is a Japanese amateur road and track cyclist. She won three bronze medals in women's road time trial, individual pursuit, and points race at the Asian Championships (2006 and 2007), and later represented Japan at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Wadami qualified for the Japanese squad in the women's points race at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing by claiming a gold medal and receiving a berth from the UCI "B" World Championships in Cape Town, South Africa. Wadami did not finish the grueling 25-km Olympic sprint race in a field of twenty-two cyclists, after she suddenly crashed and fell off the track, leaving her distraught and injured.

## Career highlights

2006  Asian Championships (ITT), Kuala Lumpur (MAS) 2nd Overall, Tour de Okinawa, Japan 3rd Japanese Championships (Road), Japan 2007  UCI B World Championships (Points race), Cape Town (RSA)  UCI B World Championships (Scratch), Cape Town (RSA)  UCI B World Championships (Pursuit), Cape Town (RSA)  UCI B World Championships (Keirin), Cape Town (RSA)  Asian Championships (Points race), Bangkok (THA)  Asian Championships (Pursuit), Bangkok (THA)

## InfoBox

Satomi Wadami
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Satomi Wadami |
| Born | (1987-05-26) 26 May 1987<br>Hokuei, Tottori, Japan |
| Height | 1.67 m (5 ft 5+12 in) |
| Weight | 64 kg (141 lb) |
| Team information | |
| Discipline | Road, track |
| Role | Rider |
| Medal record      Representing  Japan  Asian Championships  Women's road cycling  2006 Kuala Lumpur  Time trial  Women's track cycling  2007 Bangkok  Points race  2007 Bangkok  Pursuit | |


title: Sarpara, Kamrup

abstract: Sarpara is a village in Kamrup rural district, situated in south bank of river Brahmaputra.

text:
# Sarpara, Kamrup

**Sarpara** is a village in Kamrup rural district, situated in south bank of river Brahmaputra.

## Transport

The village is near National Highway 17 . Near Train station and connected to nearby towns and cities with regular buses and other modes of transportation.

## InfoBox

| SARPARA সৰপাৰা | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| SARPARALocation in Assam, IndiaSARPARASARPARA (India) | |
| Coordinates: 26°05′44″N 91°30′58″E / 26.0956°N 91.5161°E / 26.0956; 91.5161 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Assam |
| Region | Western Assam |
| District | Kamrup |
| Government | |
| Body | Gram panchayat |
| Population | |
| Total | 10,500 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Assamese |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 781122 |
| Vehicle registration | AS |
| Website | kamrup.nic.in |


title: Sarpanit

abstract: Zarpanitu was a Mesopotamian goddess regarded as the spouse of Marduk. Not much is known about her character, though late sources indicate that she was associated with pregnancy and that she could be assigned similar roles as her husband, including that of queen of the gods. She was originally worshiped in Zarpan, a village near Babylon, though the latter city itself also served as her cult center.

text:
# Sarpanit

**Zarpanitu** (also romanized as **Ṣarpānītu**) was a Mesopotamian goddess regarded as the spouse of Marduk. Not much is known about her character, though late sources indicate that she was associated with pregnancy and that she could be assigned similar roles as her husband, including that of queen of the gods. She was originally worshiped in Zarpan, a village near Babylon, though the latter city itself also served as her cult center.

## Name

The most common spelling of Zarpanitu's name in cuneiform was *zar-pa-ni-tum*. It is romanized as Ṣarpānītu instead by Jeremy Black and Anthony Green, but this choice has been criticized by Wilfred G. Lambert, who points out that while cuneiform does not differentiate between the sounds *z* and , supplementary evidence for the former option is provided both by various scholarly etymologies of the name and by texts written in the Aramaic alphabet, which does differentiate between *z* and . The Aramaic spelling *zrpnt* is known from the Sefire inscriptions. Authors such as Paul-Alain Beaulieu, Andrew R. George, Joan Goodnick Westenholz and Takayoshi Oshima (who was responsible for the relevant entry in the *Reallexikon der Assyriologie)* also favor romanizing the name with a *z*. However, romanizations starting with  also continue to be used in Assyriological literature.

Zarpanitu's name has Akkadian origin. Two different possible etymologies are well documented in primary sources, "the lady of the city of Zarpan" and "creatress of seed" (from *zēr-bānītu*). Today it is assumed the name was most likely derived from the toponym Zarpan, a settlement located near Babylon, though seemingly according to a folk etymology it was named after the goddess instead, as attested in a myth known only from a fragmentary tablet from the library of Ashurbanipal. While attempts have been made to etymologize the name as "silvery" instead, this view is now regarded as unsubstantiated.

### Additional names

Two names which originally designated the spouse of Asalluhi, Erua and Papnunanki, came to be used as names of Zarpanitu after her husband Marduk was equated with that god in the eighteenth century BCE. However, this tradition is not yet documented in the Old Babylonian forerunner to the later god list *An = Anum*, where both of these names are stated to refer to the same goddess, but without identification with Zarpanitu. The theonym Erua could be used either as a sumerogram meant to be read as Zarpanitu or as an epithet, while Papnunanki typically appears in place of her standard name. An early case has been identified in a text from the reign of Samsu-Ditana, who in a formula written in Sumerian refers to Zarpanitu as Papnunanki, in contrast with his predecessors Sumu-la-El, Hammurabi and Samsu-iluna, who all used her primary name in texts written in this language.

According to a god list, secondary names of Zarpanitu were Elagu and Laḫamun, glossed as used in Elam and Dilmun, respectively. However, it has already been pointed out by Friedrich Wilhelm König in the 1930s that Elagu appears exclusively in Mesopotamian, as opposed to Elamite, texts. The second name, while sometimes quoted among Dilmunite theonyms in Assyriological literature as recently as in the 1990s, is similarly known only from sources from Mesopotamia.

## Character

Not much is known about Zarpanitu's character. Joan Goodnick Westenholz has suggested that she and Tashmetum were simply "prototypical divine wives". In late sources she could be characterized as a motherly figure connected to birth. She was worshiped under the byname Erua as a goddess associated with pregnancy.

In the first millennium BCE, Zarpanitu's role as the wife of Marduk made her a high ranking deity, which was reflected in the epithets applied to her, such as *bēlet* ("lady"), *bēltīya* ("my lady"), *šarratu* ("queen"), *bēlet Bābili* ("lady of Babylon"), *šarrat Bābili* ("queen of Babylon"), *bēlet Esagil* ("lady of Esagil") or *šarrat Esagil* ("queen of Esagil"). In some cases, she was effectively portrayed as Marduk's feminine counterpart, with similar characteristics, including a connection to divination, and analogous position in the pantheon, that of queen of the gods. The so-called *Archive of Mystic Heptads* calls her the "mistress-of-the-goddesses" (*dbe-let-i-la-a-ti*), which presumably reflects her status as the foremost female deity in late Babylonian theology. At the same time, she was not included in royal statements of rulers acknowledging their dependence on Marduk.

## Associations with other deities

### Family and court

Zarpanitu's status as the spouse Marduk is seemingly already indicated by a reference to these two deities in a year name of Samsuiluna. The tradition of pairing them with each other might have originated as early as in the third millennium BCE, and they already appear next to each other in the Weidner god list. Other texts belonging to this genre also pair them together, with the exception of Old Babylonian god lists from Nippur, which do not allude to any relationship between them. Zarpanit is instead placed in the section which otherwise lists deities related to Inanna in this case, which according to Joan Goodnick Westenholz is unusual for her. It was believed that Zarpanitu could intercede with Marduk on behalf of petitioners, though Céline Debourse remarks that texts documenting this function could portray her in an ambivalent light, as she could both slander and praise these who asked her to mediate on their behalf, which can be considered a parallel to Marduk being portrayed both as a forgiving and punishing figure himself. Due to being regarded as the wife of Marduk, Zarpanit was also considered the daughter-in-law of Ea.

Nabu was regarded as the son of Zarpanitu and Marduk. This god was initially regarded as the divine "vizier" (*sukkal*) of the latter, as documented for example in Middle Assyrian *An = Anum*, but in a late tradition became a member of this god's family instead.

Two minor goddesses, Ṣilluš-ṭāb and Katunna, were considered the hairdressers of Zarpanitu, and could be referred to as the "daughters of Esagil", which presumably reflected their status as daughters of the main deities worshiped in this temple. They were venerated in the Eḫilisigga ("house of beautiful allure"), a shrine located in the temple Erabriri, presumably in Babylon. Similar duos of so-called "divine daughters" are known from other cities too: Borsippa (Kazbaba and Kanisurra, "daughters of the Ezida"), Kutha (Dadamušda and Bēlet-ilī, "daughters of the Emeslam"), Kish (Iqbi-damiq and Ḫussinni, "daughters of the Eduba"), Sippar (Mami and Ninegina, "daughters of the Ebabbar"), Dilbat (Ipte-bīta and Bēlet-Eanni, "daughters of the E-ibbi-Ani") and Larsa (Mannu-šāninšu and Larsam-iti, "daughters of the E-Ningubla").

The mythical creature uridimmu (from Sumerian *ur-idim*, "mad lion") could be described as the door keeper of both Zarpanitu and Marduk, and in a late incantation is implored to intercede with both of these deities on behalf of the petitioner. The same being is also mentioned in a hymn to these two deities attributed to Ashurbanipal, but in this case it appears in a context seemingly indicating influence from its portrayal in *Enūma Eliš* instead.

### Syncretism

In Assyria, Zarpanitu could be identified with Šerua, which reflected the syncretism between their respective spouses, Marduk and Ashur, first documented under Sennacherib, and was further facilitated by the phonetic similarity between the name of the Assyrian goddess and the secondary name Erua.

Through the eighth and seventh centuries BCE, attempts have been made to subordinate the local theology of Uruk to Babylon, with Babylonian rulers aiming to assimilate both Ishtar of Babylon and Ishtar of Uruk with Zarpanitu. Paul-Alain Beaulieu notes that in the Eanna archive from Uruk in texts from between the reigns of Marduk-apla-iddina II and Nabopolassar the title *bēltīya*, which typically designated Zarpanitu, is instead used in contexts which indicate Ishtar was meant. He suggests the attempts to syncretize the two to reassert the supremacy of Babylon over Uruk might have originally started in the eighth century BCE, as some accounts of Nabu-shuma-ishkun's reign indicate that the image of Ishtar was removed from Eanna and replaced by a different goddess, deemed "improper" by the chroniclers, with the original only restored in the sixth century BCE by Nebuchadnezzar II. It is possible that some of the syncretic efforts relied on confusion which could be caused by the use of Ishtar's name as a generic term for goddesses, known for example from tablet XI of the Epic of Gilgamesh, as well as the use of the logogram referring to the Sumerian form of the name, Inanna, to spell the generic title *bēltu*. In later sources from Babylon Zarpanitu and Ishtar of Babylon appear as two separate deities in distinct roles, for example in a text dealing with the relationship between Marduk and Zarpanitu referred to as *Love Lyrics*, Ishtar of Babylon plays the role of a paramour. However, there is no evidence that the relationship between Zarpanitu, Marduk and Ishtar of Uruk was imagined similarly in Neo-Babylonian Uruk.

## Worship

Zarpanitu presumably was originally venerated in Zarpan, a town located in the immediate proximity of Babylon, though she is much better attested than this settlement itself. It is known from a Neo-Babylonian (or later) fragment of a topographical text from Sippar (BM 66534), which mentions its city gates, as well as from a fragmentary myth confirming its association with Zarpanitu. Babylon also served as her cult center, and she worshiped in this city in the Esagil temple complex dedicated to Marduk in a cella known under the ceremonial names E-dara-anna ("house of the ibex of heaven") or E-ḫili-ĝar ("house endowed with luxuriance"). Her seat inside it was known as the Eḫalanki ("house of the secrets of heaven and the netherworld").

The oldest reference to Zarpanitu which can be dated with certainty occurs in the twenty-fourth year name of Sumu-la-El. It commemorated the fashioning of a statue representing her. Another early reference to her can be found in the nineteenth year name of Samsu-iluna, which mentions the construction of thrones for her and Marduk. An inscription dealing with the preparation of a cultic object dated to the reign of either Samsu-iluna or Hammurabi which mentions Zarpanitu, Marduk and Esagil is also known from a copy discovered in Nippur, and according to Douglas Frayne it can be assumed that it pertains to the same event. Many additional references to Zarpanitu occur in letters from the Old Babylonian period, where she is one of the most commonly referenced goddesses, next to Ishtar, Annunitum, Ninsianna, Gula and Aya.

In a New Year (*akitu*) ritual from Babylon presumed to precede the rise of Marduk to the position of the head of the pantheon under Nebuchadnezzar I, Zarpanitu is listed as one of the deities present during the celebrations, alongside Marduk, Nabu, Nanaya, Sutītu, Zababa, Bau, Nergal, Laṣ and Mammitum. One of the inscriptions of Sargon II (722–705 BCE) commemorating his participation in the *akitu* festival in the same location mentions Zarpanitu among the recipients of gifts provided by him.

A list of deities worshiped in Assur indicates that Zarpanitu was one of the nineteen deities who were believed to reside in the temple of Gula in this city, with a variant which instead places Annunitum in her position being considered an ancient scribal error as the sequence of deities also contains Ea, his wife Damkina and Marduk.

Theophoric names invoking Zarpanitu are known from sources from the Neo-Babylonian period, though for the most part only women bore them, in contrast with names invoking many other goddesses, for example Bau, Gula, Ishtar, Nanaya or Ningal, which are attested for men too. Only two exceptions are known, Ardi-Ṣarpanitu and Ardi-Erua, both of which are masculine theophoric names invoking her under respectively her primary name and an epithet. They are regarded as atypical.

### Outside Mesopotamia

In the corpus of Ugaritic texts Zarpanitu is mentioned in an incantation against Lamashtu which pairs her with Marduk and invokes them in parallel with Anu and Antu, Enlil and Ninlil, Ea and Damkina and Papsukkal and Amasagnudi. It is one of the twelve examples of texts from this site written in standard cuneiform which are assumed to be patterned after similar Mesopotamian compositions. Direct parallels to individual passages have been identified in the corpus of Mesopotamian incantations against Lamashtu.

In Emar Zarpanitu is attested exclusively in colophons.

## Mythology

In literary texts Zarpanitu typically appears alongside Marduk.

A short myth focused on Zarpanitu describes how the town Zarpan was named after her and then gifted to her by Enlil, here identified as her father. Afterwards Ea praises her virtues and suggests to his son Marduk that she would be suitable for him and that they should rule over the sea together. It has been suggested that the name Ninabdubur, "lady of the sea foundation", which is attributed to her in god lists, might reflect this section of the myth.

Zarpanitu is also referenced in *Ludlul bēl nēmeqi*, where the protagonist prays to her at the Kaḫilisu ("gate sprinkled with luxuriance"), presumably the gate of her cella in Esagil. Andrew R. George points out that it is also attested in inscriptions of Ashurbanipal and Nebuchadnezzar II.

Takayoshi Oshima suggests that in a Neo-Assyrian myth focused on Marduk the name Damkianna, normally considered to be a variant form of Damkina, the wife of Ea, is instead used to refer to Zarpanitu, in parallel with a late prayer attesting a similar situation. A different interpretation has been suggested by Wilfred G. Lambert, who assumed that she is to be understood as Damkina in this context, and based on the unusual character of the text proposed that it originated in Malgium, where this goddess was commonly acknowledged in royal inscriptions, in the Kassite period. The narrative deals with a conflict between Marduk and his allies and the gods of Nippur, led by Enlil, which is ultimately decided in favor of the former by the intervention of Damkianna, though it is not certain what it entailed.

### Bibliography

* Asher-Greve, Julia M.; Westenholz, Joan G. (2013). *Goddesses in Context: On Divine Powers, Roles, Relationships and Gender in Mesopotamian Textual and Visual Sources* (PDF). Academic Press Fribourg. ISBN 978-3-7278-1738-0.
* Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (2003). *The Pantheon of Uruk During the Neo-Babylonian period*. Leiden Boston: Brill STYX. ISBN 978-90-04-13024-1. OCLC 51944564.
* Beckman, Gary (2002). "The Pantheon of Emar". *Silva Anatolica: Anatolian studies presented to Maciej Popko on the occasion of his 65th birthday*. Warsaw: Agade. hdl:2027.42/77414. ISBN 83-87111-12-0. OCLC 51004996.
* Black, Jeremy A.; Green, Anthony (1992). *Gods, demons and symbols of ancient Mesopotamia: an illustrated dictionary*. Austin. ISBN 0-292-70794-0. OCLC 26140507.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Cousin, Laura; Watai, Yoko (2018). "Onomastics and Gender Identity in First-Millennium BCE Babylonia". In Budin, Stephanie Lynn; Cifarelli, Megan; Garcia-Ventura, Agnès; Albà, Adelina Millet (eds.). *Gender and methodology in the ancient Near East: Approaches from Assyriology and beyond* (PDF). Edicions Universitat Barcelona. pp. 243–255. ISBN 978-84-9168-073-4.
* Debourse, Céline (2022). *Of Priests and Kings: The Babylonian New Year Festival in the Last Age of Cuneiform Culture*. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-51303-7.
* del Olmo Lete, Gregorio; Márquez Rowe, Ignacio (2014). *Incantations and Anti-Witchcraft Texts from Ugarit*. Boston: De Gruyter. ISBN 978-1-61451-627-9. OCLC 948655744.
* Frayne, Douglas (1990). *Old Babylonian Period (2003-1595 B.C.)*. University of Toronto Press. doi:10.3138/9781442678033. ISBN 978-1-4426-7803-3.
* George, Andrew R. (1992). *Babylonian Topographical Texts*. Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta. Departement Oriëntalistiek. ISBN 978-90-6831-410-6. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
* George, Andrew R. (1993). *House most high: the temples of ancient Mesopotamia*. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. ISBN 0-931464-80-3. OCLC 27813103.
* Johandi, Andreas (2018). "Some Remarks about the Beginnings of Marduk". In Fink, Sebastian; Rollinger, Robert (eds.). *Conceptualizing Past, Present and Future: Proceedings of the Ninth Symposium of the Melammu Project. Held in Helsinki / Tartu May 18-24, 2015*. Ugarit Verlag. ISBN 978-3-86835-299-3.
* König, Friedrich Wilhelm (1938), "Elagu", *Reallexikon der Assyriologie* (in German)
* Lambert, Wilfred G. (1995). "Reviewed Work: Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary by Jeremy Black, Anthony Green". *Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London*. **58** (3). Cambridge University Press: 543–544. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00012982. ISSN 1474-0699. JSTOR 620110. S2CID 162979006. Retrieved 2023-06-17.
* Lambert, Wilfred G. (2013). *Babylonian creation myths*. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-57506-861-9. OCLC 861537250.
* Oshima, Takayoshi (2010). "Damkina shall not bring back her Burden in the future: A new Mythological Text of Marduk, Enlil, and Damkianna". In Horowitz, Wayne; Gabbay, Uri; Vukosavovic, Filip (eds.). *A woman of valor: Jerusalem Ancient near eastern studies in honor of Joan Goodnick Westenholz*. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones. ISBN 978-84-00-09182-8. OCLC 753379173.
* Oshima, Takayoshi (2016), "Zarpānītu(m)", *Reallexikon der Assyriologie*, retrieved 2023-06-09
* Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1992). *Mesopotamian protective spirits: the ritual texts*. Groningen: STYX & PP Publications. ISBN 978-90-72371-52-2. OCLC 27914917.

## InfoBox

| Zarpanitu | |
| --- | --- |
| Queen of the gods, goddess of pregnancy | |
| Tablet with a hymn to Marduk and Zarpanitu attributed to Ashurbanipal. British Museum. | |
| Other names | Erua, Papnunanki, Elagu, Laḫamun |
| Major cult center | Zarpan, Babylon |
| Genealogy | |
| Spouse | Marduk |
| Children | Nabu, Ṣilluš-ṭāb, Katunna |


title: Sattur taluk

abstract: Sattur is a taluk of Virudhunagar district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Sattur.

text:
# Sattur taluk

**Sattur** is a taluk of Virudhunagar district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Sattur.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Sattur had a population of 168,659 with 83,113 males and 85,546 females. There were 1,029 women for every 1,000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 71.41%. Child population in the age group below 6 years were 8,145 Males and 7,787 Females.

1. "Provisional Population Totals - Tamil Nadu-Census 2011" (PDF). Census Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2013. Retrieved 4 July 2013.


title: Caldecote, South Cambridgeshire

abstract: Caldecote is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, in the district of South Cambridgeshire, England. It lies south of the A428, approximately six miles west of Cambridge and three miles east of Cambourne. Nearby settlements are Hardwick and Toft to the east, Bourn to the west, Childerley to the north and Kingston to the south. Bourn Airfield lies on the north-west edge of the village.

text:
# Caldecote, South Cambridgeshire

**Caldecote** is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, in the district of South Cambridgeshire, England. It lies south of the A428, approximately six miles west of Cambridge and three miles east of Cambourne.

Nearby settlements are Hardwick and Toft to the east, Bourn to the west, Childerley to the north and Kingston to the south. Bourn Airfield lies on the north-west edge of the village.

## History

The older part of the village lies to the south, just off the B1046 road and is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086. Its origins have been speculated to have been as a hamlet of neighbouring Bourn, of which it was part of the same parish of in the 12th century. The parish church, St. Michael and All Angels, parts of which date to the 14th century, is in this part of the village. Bourn Brook and the route of the former Oxford and Cambridge Railway run to the south of the village.

## Highfields Caldecote

**Highfields Caldecote** is a newer development in the north of the village. The A428 was converted to a dual carriageway and was opened in 2007, allowing easier access.

The development in Highfields led to a rapid increase in the population of Caldecote from an estimated 800 in 2001 to 1,737 in 2011. The village contains amenities including a hairdressers and a Social Club.

## Economy

The village was home to the headquarters of the Raspberry Pi Foundation, a charity known worldwide for developing the Raspberry Pi computer system.

## Education

Caldecote Primary school was built in 1963 in the HIghfields part of the village. Prior to this, children from the village had been educated in Toft.

## InfoBox

| Caldecote | |
| --- | --- |
| St Michael and All Angels Church | |
| CaldecoteLocation within Cambridgeshire | |
| Population | 1,737 (Including Childerley)(2011 Census) |
| OS grid reference | TL349575 |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | CAMBRIDGE |
| Postcode district | CB23 |
| Dialling code | 01954 (Highfields) 01223 (Caldecote) |
|  | |
| Police | Cambridgeshire |
| Fire | Cambridgeshire |
| Ambulance | East of England |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Sava Kovačević, Zemun

abstract: Sava Kovačević is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Zemun.

text:
# Sava Kovačević, Zemun

**Sava Kovačević** (Serbian Cyrillic: Сава Ковачевић) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Zemun.

## Location

The neighborhood of Sava Kovačević is located in the central part of the urban Zemun. Its perimeter is defined by the streets *Dragana rakica* (north), *Sava kovacevica* (east), *Prvomajska* (south) and *Dragana rakica* (west). It also includes skycrapers in Ohridska . It borders the neighborhoods of Gornji Grad to the north, Sutjeska to the west and Kalvarija to the south.

## History

Franstal, a settlement predominantly inhabited by the ethnic Germans (*Volksdeutsche*), occupied part of what is today Sava Kovačević. Germans had their cemetery south of the settlement. After World War II the Germans left. Their cemetery was demolished and one of the major hospitals in Belgrade, the *KBC Bežanijska Kosa* was built on its location.

## Characteristics

Sava Kovačević is a residential neighborhood, with a population of 12,374 according to the 2002 census of population. A heating plant is located in the neighborhood.

It was named after the very popular Yugoslav Partisan World War II war hero Sava Kovačević (1905–43). Back-to-back neighborhoods of Blok Sutjeska and Blok Sava Kovačević also exist in another Belgrade's neighborhood of Krnjača, in the municipality of Palilula.

44°50′38″N 20°23′30″E / 44.84389°N 20.39167°E / 44.84389; 20.39167


title: Sauer 202

abstract: The Sauer 202 is a lightweight bolt-action rifle manufactured by Sauer & Sohn in Germany between 1993 and 2015. The rifle was imported to the US by SIG Arms. This rifle has a modular construction which allowed easy replacement of components and caliber changes. This rifle has a modular barrel-change system allows to change between calibers easily, and was offered in a large selection of calibers. Separate magnum receivers and barrels were made which were not interchangeable with non-magnum calibers.

text:
# Sauer 202

The **Sauer 202** is a lightweight bolt-action rifle manufactured by Sauer & Sohn in Germany between 1993 and 2015. The rifle was imported to the US by SIG Arms. This rifle has a modular construction which allowed easy replacement of components and caliber changes. This rifle has a modular barrel-change system allows to change between calibers easily, and was offered in a large selection of calibers.

Separate magnum receivers and barrels were made which were not interchangeable with non-magnum calibers.

## Receiver

The standard receiver is made out of steel, but there is also a lightweight version available made of aluminium which weighs 470 grams less.

## Barrel change system

The standard 202 system uses the same receiver for mini and short action cartridges, but different types of bolts. The bolts for mini length cartridges (like .223) uses three lugs, while most short action cartridges (i.e. .308) uses six lug bolts. The four main types of bolts and some of their factory calibers are:

Mini action cartridges, using a 3 lug bolt Some short action cartridges, using a 3 lug bolt Some short and medium action cartridges, using a 6 lug bolt Magnum calibers, using a 6 lug bolt

The magnum version uses a different receiver than the standard version, and some parts can not normally be interchanged between standard and magnum caliber versions. For example, the barrel tenon on the magnum receiver is larger, meaning that barrels can not be swapped between the standard and magnum receivers.

The barrel can be changed using a 5 mm hex key.

## InfoBox

| Sauer 202 | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Bolt-action repeating rifle |
| Place of origin | Germany |
| Production history | |
| Designer | SIG Sauer |
| Manufacturer | J. P. Sauer & Sohn GmbH |
| Variants | Avantgarde Grande/Classic Lux, Classic, Classic II, Classic XT, Elegance, Hardwood, Highland, Forest, GTI, LE/SO, Outback, Polar, Synchro XT, Takedown, Wild Boar, Wolverine, XT, Youkon |
| Specifications | |
| Length | 110 cm |
| --- | |
| Cartridge | Several, see below |
| Action | Bolt-action |
| Sights | 61 cm |


title: Caldy Hill

abstract: Caldy Hill is an area of heath and woodland on a sandstone outcrop on the Wirral Peninsula. The land was bought by Hoylake District Council between 1897 and 1974. The village of Caldy is nearby. Including Stapledon Woods, the whole area covers 250 acres (1.0 km⁲) of which 13 acres (53,000 m⁲) are owned by the National Trust. The hill rises to 260 ft where there is a view-finder. From here there are fine views over the estuary of the River Dee to Hilbre Island and the Irish Sea. More distant views range to Snowdonia in the west and Blackpool and the Pennines in the east, more rarely as far as the Lake District to the north, and extremely rarely to the Isle of Man in the north-west. The Mariners' Beacon stands nearby on the site of an old windmill, which was missed by mariners after it was destroyed by a gale in 1839. Consequently, the Trustees of the Liverpool Docks erected the Mariners' Beacon in 1841. Calday Grange Grammar School is situated on Caldy Hill.

text:
# Caldy Hill

**Caldy Hill** is an area of heath and woodland on a sandstone outcrop on the Wirral Peninsula. The land was bought by Hoylake District Council between 1897 and 1974. The village of Caldy is nearby.

Including Stapledon Woods, the whole area covers 250 acres (1.0 km2) of which 13 acres (53,000 m2) are owned by the National Trust. The hill rises to 260 ft where there is a view-finder. From here there are fine views over the estuary of the River Dee to Hilbre Island and the Irish Sea. More distant views range to Snowdonia in the west and Blackpool and the Pennines in the east, more rarely as far as the Lake District to the north, and extremely rarely to the Isle of Man in the north-west.

The Mariners' Beacon stands nearby on the site of an old windmill, which was missed by mariners after it was destroyed by a gale in 1839. Consequently, the Trustees of the Liverpool Docks erected the Mariners' Beacon in 1841.

Calday Grange Grammar School is situated on Caldy Hill.

## InfoBox

| Caldy Hill | |
| --- | --- |
| View from Caldy Hill to Wales over the River Dee | |
|  | |
| Type | Common |
| Location | Caldy, Merseyside |
| Coordinates | 53°22′00″N 3°10′00″W / 53.3667°N 3.1668°W / 53.3667; -3.166853°22′00″N 3°10′00″W / 53.3667°N 3.1668°W / 53.3667; -3.1668 |
| Area | 250 acres (1.0 km2) |
| Created | 1897 |
| Operated by | Metropolitan Borough of Wirral |
| Open | All year |
| Status | Open |


title: Calendulauda

abstract: Calendulauda is a genus of lark in the family Alaudidae. Established by Edward Blyth in 1855, it contains eight species.

text:
# Calendulauda

***Calendulauda*** is a genus of lark in the family Alaudidae. Established by Edward Blyth in 1855, it contains eight species.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The genus *Calendulauda* was introduced by the English zoologist Edward Blyth in 1855 with the Karoo lark as the type species. The name *Calendulauda* is a combination of the names of two other lark genera: *Calendula* and *Alauda*. All of the species in this genus were formerly assigned to the genus *Mirafra* and several were also formerly assigned to the genera *Alauda* and *Certhilauda*.

### Species

The genus *Calendulauda* contains eight species:

| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | *Calendulauda rufa* | Rusty bush lark | central and west Africa |
|  | *Calendulauda sabota* | Sabota lark | southern Africa |
|  | *Calendulauda poecilosterna* | Pink-breasted lark | southeastern South Sudan and southern Ethiopia through Kenya to southern Somalia, northeastern Tanzania and eastern Uganda |
|  | *Calendulauda gilletti* | Gillett's lark | east Africa |
|  | *Calendulauda africanoides* | Fawn-coloured lark (includes Foxy lark) | south-central and east-central Africa |
|  | *Calendulauda albescens* | Karoo lark | South Africa |
|  | *Calendulauda burra* | Red lark | western South Africa and possibly Namibia |
|  | *Calendulauda erythrochlamys* | Dune lark (includes Barlow's lark) | Namibia and northwest South Africa | - |

## InfoBox

| *Calendulauda* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Sabota lark (*Calendulauda sabota*) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Alaudidae |
| Genus: | *Calendulauda*
Blyth, 1855 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Alauda albescens*
Lafresnaye, 1839 | |
|  | |
| range of the genus | |