title: Rainha dos Raios

abstract: Rainha dos Raios is the second album by Brazilian singer Alice Caymmi, released on 9 September 2014. It is her first album via Joia Moderna and with producer Diogo Strausz. While her previous album, Alice Caymmi, consisted mostly of original songs and two covers, Rainha dos Raios does the opposite and brings covers and two original tracks. According to Caymmi, this shift came after a few changes she went through - she said she is no longer performing songs from the previous album. She commented: It's my album, and, without trying to be a showoff, I listen to it a lot, because it says a lot about my life. I did this album thinking of what I stop to listen to, the things I like to listen to and the way I like to do it. It looks like I made the album for me. I laugh, play and remind of many moments. In another interview, she defined the album as follows: The rebelliousness, the punk and the rock already do that, there's nothing new, but there's the context of Brazil. My challenge is to create a strong artist aesthetic in a country difficult to interpret. A country with black and indigenous history, a colonized and suffering country. To be an artist in Brazil is almost to be an anthropologist. Rainha dos Raios was followed by her first Brazilian tour, starting in Salvador, Bahia. About doing so many covers, she stated: "I don't like to write what I want to say, I like to use other people's words. [...] I like to sing situations that I never saw happening. It's a way of living other things".

text:
# Rainha dos Raios

***Rainha dos Raios*** (Queen of Lightning) is the second album by Brazilian singer Alice Caymmi, released on 9 September 2014. It is her first album via Joia Moderna and with producer Diogo Strausz. While her previous album, *Alice Caymmi*, consisted mostly of original songs and two covers, *Rainha dos Raios* does the opposite and brings covers and two original tracks. According to Caymmi, this shift came after a few changes she went through - she said she is no longer performing songs from the previous album. She commented:

> It's my album, and, without trying to be a showoff, I listen to it a lot, because it says a lot about my life. I did this album thinking of what I stop to listen to, the things I like to listen to and the way I like to do it. It looks like I made the album for me. I laugh, play and remind of many moments.

In another interview, she defined the album as follows:

> The rebelliousness, the punk and the rock already do that, there's nothing new, but there's the context of Brazil. My challenge is to create a strong artist aesthetic in a country difficult to interpret. A country with black and indigenous history, a colonized and suffering country. To be an artist in Brazil is almost to be an anthropologist.

*Rainha dos Raios* was followed by her first Brazilian tour, starting in Salvador, Bahia.

About doing so many covers, she stated: "I don't like to write what I want to say, I like to use other people's words. \[...\] I like to sing situations that I never saw happening. It's a way of living other things".

## Song information

"Como Vês" and "Meu Mundo Caiu" were featured at the soundtrack of *Felizes para Sempre?* series, on Rede Globo. "Meu Recado", one of the original ones, was co-written by Michael Sullivan, to whom Caymmi credits "80% of my musical life".

"Sou Rebelde" is a re-recording of "Soy Rebelde", a 1971 hit by Spanish singer Jeanette, and a Brazilian hit in 1978 when recorded by Lilian, with Portuguese lyrics by Paulo Coelho. "Princesa", another cover, was originally released by funker MC Marcinho. About the track, Caymmi said: "It's very good to be born in a family important as fuck inside music and record MC Marcinho just to mess around. This is the best thing I could have done in life". In another interview, she said: "I've got this kinda rebel without a cause side, you know? It's a little whining, a kind of a immature thing, but that, in an artistic environment, makes sense. That's why I sang this song, which is a great bullshit, but has to do with this teenager thing, ridiculous and comic, and that at the same time saved me."

"Iansã" was composed by Brazilians Gilberto Gil and Caetano Veloso and it refers to the homonymous deity. About the goddess, Caymmi said: "The Gods of Candomblé have all this very particular mythology that refer to fundamental things to us, and Iansã is about going from one extreme to the other, which I think is the big question nowadays. It's about the excessively fast transition from euphoria to depression, from bad weather to good weather. The middle way is far from us. And she does that. Besides the power of rupture of this orixá, besides being a battling and absolutely powerful, warlike and feminine woman, she has the power over both extremes. She is the queen of such balance.".

## Tracks

| No. | Title | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Como Vês" (As You See) | Bruno Di Lulo / Domenico Lancellotti | 4:37 |
| 2. | "Homem" (Man) | Caetano Veloso | 4:02 |
| 3. | "Meu Recado" (My Message) | Alice Caymmi / Michael Sullivan | 3:57 |
| 4. | "Princesa" (Princess) | MC Marcinho | 3:49 |
| 5. | "Meu Mundo Caiu" (My World Fell Apart) | Maysa | 3:24 |
| 6. | "Antes de Tudo" (Before Everything) | Alice Caymmi | 2:49 |
| 7. | "Sou Rebelde (Soy Rebelde)" (I'm Rebel) | Manuel Alejandro / Ana Magdalena; versão de Paulo Coelho | 2:52 |
| 8. | "Iansã" | Gilberto Gil / Caetano Veloso | 3:29 |
| 9. | "Jasper" | Caetano Veloso / Arto Linsay / Peter Sherer | 4:12 |
| Total length: | | | 30:11 |

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Miojo Indie | 9.0/10 |
| De Olho no Groove |  |
| *O Globo* | great |

The album was received with mixed to positive reviews from critics.

Cleber Facchi, from Miojo Indie, said the album is far from being summarizable as a single "cover album'", and that producer Diogo Strausz "plays around not only with the experimental base of each song, but with the essence of the singer herself", concluding that"*Rainha dos Raios* is the album in which Caymmi certainly takes down her own blocks, revealing a path that, even if inconstant, remains clean and tempting to the visitor."

Tiago Ferreira, from De Olho no Groove, gave the album a 6/10 rating, stating that its successor will be better and concluding: "contrary to the path a member of the Caymmi family would follow, Alice Caymmi possesses in her subversion, rather than in any technique, her biggest musical triumph. The scope she offers in Rainha dos Raios escapes from the boring examples of artist that gush as acid rain on Brazilian music."

Carlos Albuquerque, from *O Globo*, compared Caymmi's hair on the cover with PJ Harvey's on *Rid of Me*. He also said Caymmi looks more confident and original in *Rainha dos Raios*, commenting: "Hand in hand with musician and producer Diogo Strausz, Caymmi crosses the gap between one work and the other, — and in the process, everything that was devious was discarded, and what was promising was materialized."

It was elected as the third best 2014 Brazilian album by Rolling Stone Brasil and it was nominated for the 26th Prêmio da Música Brasileira, in the category "Best Pop/Rock/Reggae/Hiphop/Funk Album", and also resulting in Caymmi being nominated for the category "Best Pop/Rock/Reggae/Hiphop/Funk Female Singer". In 2019, Mauro Ferreira elected it one of the 10 essential albums of the 2010s.

## InfoBox

| Rainha dos Raios | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Alice Caymmi | |
| Released | September 9, 2014 (2014-09-09) |
| Genre | Música popular brasileira |
| Length | 28:03 |
| Label | Joia Moderna |
| Producer | Diogo Strausz |
| Alice Caymmi chronology | |
| *Alice Caymmi*
(2012) ***Rainha dos Raios***
(2014) *Alice*
(2018) | |


title: Raipole

abstract: Raipole is a Mandal in Siddipet district in Telangana, India.

text:
# Raipole

**Raipole** is a Mandal in Siddipet district in Telangana, India.

## InfoBox

| Raipole Rayapole | |
| --- | --- |
| Mandal | |
| Country | India |
| State | Telangana |
| Languages | |
| Official | Telugu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 502278 |
| Telephone code | 040 |
| Vehicle registration | TG-36 |


title: Raissa Venables

abstract: Raїssa Venables is an American photographer.

text:
# Raissa Venables

**Raїssa Venables** (born 1977) is an American photographer.

## Background and education

Venables was born in 1977 in New Paltz, New York, USA. From 1993 to 1997, she attended the Arts Student’s League in New York City, concentrating on the Anatomy for Life Drawing. In 1999 she received a BFA in Photography and Ceramic Sculpture from the Kansas City Art Institute. She received a master's degree in photography at the Milton Avery Graduate School of Arts at Bard College and a MFA in Photography in 2002.

## Philosophy and style

Venables' photographs deal with planar relationship, passage of time, motion, and perceptual fields, blurring the realm of the real world with the imagined one.

Venables is influenced by Early Renaissance Flemish painters like Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden and Robert Campin, particularly with their usage of colour and lighting. Venables' work is also influenced by the neo-cubistic approach to splitting and dissolving an object or space before reassembling them together. Curators make the comparison of Venables’ work with thematic perspective found in Medieval art, in which objects are arranged in accordance to their spiritual values as opposed to their natural ones.

Matthias Harder, director of the Helmut Newton Foundation in Berlin, wrote about the artist’s reason for taking this approach: “Venables’ real intention is to open up unfamiliar perspectives and to transform real spaces into imaginary ones with realistic traits.”

## Publications

### Solo exhibition catalogues

* *Raïssa Venables.* Ostfildern-Ruit, Germany: Hatje Cantz, 2006. Edited by Kunstverein Ulm. ISBN 978-3-7757-1763-2. With a foreword by Monika Machnicki, essays by Matthias Harder and Monika Machnicki and a transcript of an interview between Venables and Lori Waxman. Touring exhibition catalogue.
* *Raïssa Venables, BAT CampusGalerie Exhibition.* Bayreuth, Germany: CampusGalerie of British American Tobacco, 2010. OCLC 707159953. With an essay by Ulf Erdmann Ziegler. Exhibition catalogue.

### Group exhibition catalogues

* Lange, Christiane, and Nils Ohlsen. *Realismus: das Abenteuer der Wirklichkeit* = Realism: the adventure of reality. Munich: Hirmer, 2010. ISBN 978-3777424217. "Catalog of an exhibition held at the Kunsthalle Emden, January 23-May 24, 2010, and Kunsthalle der Hypo-Kulturstiftung, Munich, June 11-September 5, 2010."
* *Real: Photographs from the Collection of the DZ Bank.* Germany: Hatje Cantz, 2010. Edited by Luminita Sabau. ISBN 978-3-7757-2212-4. With contributions by Walter Grasskamp, Sabau, Martin Seel, et al.. German and English. Exhibition catalogue.

## Solo exhibitions

## Collections

Venables' work is held in the following permanent public collections:

## InfoBox

| Raïssa Venables | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1977<br>New Paltz, New York |
| Occupation | Artist |


title: Radoševići, Srebrenica

abstract: Radoševići is a village in the municipality of Srebrenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

text:
# Radoševići, Srebrenica

**Radoševići** (Cyrillic: Радошевићи) is a village in the municipality of Srebrenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

44°01′17″N 19°20′26″E / 44.02139°N 19.34056°E / 44.02139; 19.34056

## InfoBox

| Radoševići | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Radoševići | |
| Coordinates: 44°01′17″N 19°20′26″E / 44.02139°N 19.34056°E / 44.02139; 19.34056 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Municipality | Srebrenica |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Rahul Thakkar

abstract: Rahul Chandrakant Thakkar is an Indian-American software inventor who was one of the 33 recipients of Academy Award for scientific and technical achievement in 2016. Thakkar won the Academy Award for creating the "groundbreaking design" of DreamWorks Animation Media Review System, a scalable digital film review platform. Thakkar was also a key member of the animation software development team for Shrek, which went on to win the first-ever Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 74th Academy Awards. He currently resides in Virginia, working in the aerospace industry for a Boeing subsidiary.

text:
# Rahul Thakkar

**Rahul Chandrakant Thakkar** is an Indian-American software inventor who was one of the 33 recipients of Academy Award for scientific and technical achievement in 2016. Thakkar won the Academy Award for creating the "groundbreaking design" of DreamWorks Animation Media Review System, a scalable digital film review platform.

Thakkar was also a key member of the animation software development team for *Shrek*, which went on to win the first-ever Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 74th Academy Awards. He currently resides in Virginia, working in the aerospace industry for a Boeing subsidiary.

## Early life and family

Thakkar was born to Prabha Thakkar and Chandrakant Thakkar in the United Kingdom and was subsequently raised in India. Thakkar's mother Prabha, whom he considered his inspiration, was a teacher and encouraged his interest in science. His father Chandrakant was, as per Thakkar, an "actor, writer and director" apart from being a voice-over artist.

Thakkar spent his early years in Mumbai and considers himself a *Mumbaikar*. He completed his graduation from the University of Mumbai with a degree in computer science. Eventually, Thakkar studied at Utah State University to complete his Master's in computer science in 1995.

Because of his father's background, Thakkar's early years in India were spent around actors. During these initial years, Thakkar worked with his father for some time in Mumbai, contributing to a 1971 Films Division of India documentary, and playing parts in television and radio shows. Thakkar also worked as a voice-over artist for television advertisements. At the same time, Thakkar's interest in mathematics and science remained predominant. Later on, he moved to the United States as he believed it was easier to make visual effects movies in Hollywood. Currently, Thakkar stays with his wife and a daughter in Virginia.

## Career

In the United States, after graduating, Thakkar got a job offer from an animation studio and worked for a few television advertisements, developing their visual effects. Thakkar also developed the show opening software for CBS' 1994 and 1996 election coverage, and for the *Late Show with David Letterman*.

He was soon invited by Pacific Data Images and he joined in 1996, to develop an animated film that turned out to be Antz. PDI was soon acquired by DreamWorks in 2000, where he headed the ' "high performance particle system rendering software" and "colour management system and software" teams. While at DreamWorks, Thakkar worked with his mentor Richard Chuang (the co-founder of Pacific Data Images) on designing the DreamWorks Animation Media Review System, which subsequently led Thakkar to jointly win the Academy Award in 2016. He was the primary coder for the system's product suite since his time at PDI, when it was yet to be known as DreamWorks Animation Media Review System.

The suite was developed in an era of 56K modems to enable seamless collaboration between different artists and technicians in film-making. In Thakkur's words:- "They wanted any artist to view to view any number of shots, back-to-back, from part of the film, in high resolution, at 24 fps, with high quality audio, with speed-change control, from any phase of production from any department (story, editing, animation, modeling, layout, lighting, vfx, etc.)..."

At PDI and DreamWorks, Thakkar worked on several films, including *Forces of Nature*, *Antz*, *The Legend of Bagger Vance*, *The Peacemaker* and *A Simple Wish*. He was also a member of the animation software development team for *Shrek*, which went on to win the first-ever Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 74th Academy Awards.

After leaving DreamWorks in 2002, Thakkar worked in PIXIA Corp from 2003 to 2013 as a Chief Architect and was the Vice President of Technology in the area of satellite imagery. He then worked at Madison Square Garden from 2013 to 2014 as Vice President of Technology contributing in the entertainment, media and sports fields. Later, in 2014, he became the Vice President of R&D at Brivio Systems, a company operating in the access control industry. Thakkar noted certain surveillance drones used in the rescue of Captain Philips (from Somalian pirates) ran on their software. He left Brivio in 2015, and since then has been engaged with the aerospace industry, working for a Boeing subsidiary in the cloud-computing sector.

At the time of winning the 2016 Academy Award, Thakkar had 25 patents in his name, including patents pending, and had also developed a web standard.

## 2016 Academy Award

Thakkar won the 2016 Academy Award for scientific and technical achievement for his "groundbreaking design" of DreamWorks Animation Media Review System. He was interviewed by six members of the Academy during the shortlisting process. In a ceremony held on 13 February 2016 at Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California, Thakkar received the Academy Award jointly with Pacific Data Images' co-founder Richard Chuang. As per the Academy, these set of awards are bestowed upon individuals who have contributed significantly over time (and not necessarily in the past year) to the motion picture industry.

Thakkar commented in a January 2016 interview to *India-West*, "It is quite humbling to be recognized by AMPAS (Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences) with a technical achievement award... It’s a wonderful feeling to know that the work we did two decades ago was still in use by the film industry. I am honored to be sharing this award with Richard Chuang, a mentor and pioneer in visual effects." He further revealed that he was excited about attending the award ceremony, additionally commenting that he expected more Indians to be featured in the Academy Awards winners' lists in the coming years.

The award presenters noted Thakkar and Chuang's pioneer contributions in enabling stereoscopic 3D viewing for movies and especially over the film *Shrek.* The Academy's award citation praised the DreamWork Animation Media Review System's film review capabilities, mentioning that the technology "continues to provide artist-driven, integrated, consistent and highly scalable studio-wide playback and interactive reviews."

### Notes

1. News. (2016). Oscar-winner Rahul Thakkar thinks highly of Indian VFX. Ankita Chaurasia & Dominic Ferrao. *Times News Network*, *The Times of India*. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
2. "Oscar-winner Rahul Thakkar is a Mumbaikar at heart". *The Times of India*. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
3. News. (2016). Mumbai varsity graduate wins Oscar for design. Special Correspondent. *The Hindu*. Retrieved 2 Feb 2016.
4. News. (2016). Aggie alum wins Academy Award. Jared Thane. *Utah State Magazine*. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
5. Interview. (2016). Indian American Technologist Rahul Thakkar Wins Oscar for Technical Achievement. Archi Sarkar. *India-West*. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
6. Business Roundup. (2000). DreamWorks SKG Agrees to Buy Pacific Data Images. *Los Angeles Times*. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
7. News. (2016). Oscars 2016: Meet Rahul Thakkar, the Indian who will keep the tricolour high at the awards this year. Aparna Singh. *India Today*. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
8. "Richard Chuang: Executive Profile & Biography - Businessweek". *Bloomberg.com*. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
9. Official Awards Notification. (2016). 11 Scientific and technical achievements to be honoured with Academy Awards. *Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences*. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
10. News. (2016). Oscar for person of Indian origin: Rahul Thakkar honoured for the 'groundbreaking design'. *India Today*. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
11. Entertainment News. (2016). Indian Born VFX Pro Rahul Thakkar Just Won An Oscar And You've Never Heard Of Him. Mimansa Shekhar. *Indiatimes*, *Times Internet*. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
12. Profile. (2016). Rahul Thakkar, VES Member, Public Info and Biography. *Visual Effects Society*. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
13. News. (2016). Oscar-winner Rahul Thakkar is a Mumbaikar at heart. Dominic Ferrao. *Times News Network, The Times of India*. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
14. News. (2016). Academy Honors 33 Individuals With Scientific and Technical Awards. Dave McNary, Film Reporter. *Variety*. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
15. Entertainment News. (2016). WATCH: Rahul C. Thakkar and Cottalango Leon, who are of Indian origin, given Oscar Technical Achievement awards. Dominic Ferrao and Keyur Seta. *Times News Network, The Times of India*. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
16. News. (2016). Oscar for Indian-origin actor, producer Rahul Thakkar in technical category. Keyur Seta. *Times News Network, The Times of India*. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
17. News. (2002). 3 NRIs’ role in Oscar-winning film. *Indo-Asian News Service*. Retrieved 12 February 2016.

## InfoBox

| Rahul Thakkar | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Rahul Chandrakant Thakkar<br>United Kingdom |
| Nationality | Indian-American |
| Occupations |  |
| Known for | 2016 Academy Award |
| Notable work | DreamWorks Animation Media Review System |


title: Rahul Subrahmanian

abstract: Rahul Subrahmanian is an Indian music composer and playback singer, recognized for his work in Malayalam cinema. His debut as a playback singer was in the 2011 film Thattathin Marayathu, directed by Vineeth Sreenivasan.

text:
# Rahul Subrahmanian

**Rahul Subrahmanian** (born 26 November 1989) is an Indian music composer and playback singer, recognized for his work in Malayalam cinema. His debut as a playback singer was in the 2011 film *Thattathin Marayathu**,* directed by Vineeth Sreenivasan.

## Early life

He attended Mahatma Gandhi Public School and Georgian Academy for his schooling and pursued higher education at BPC College, Piravom. Before starting his music career, he worked as an HR assistant at Schneider Electric in Bangalore

## Personal life

He was born in Chottanikkara, Cochin, Kerala, to Subrahmaniam Unni and Jayasree and has a sister, Ramya Nambeesan, who is a well-known actress. His father, a former theater artist, was an active member of renowned troupes such as 'Jubilee' and 'Harishree. His father ran 'Srihari Musical Academy' from their home, and he practiced music from Class 1.

Rahul Subrahmanian is married to Debbie Susan Chembakassery on *June 12, 2024*.

## Discography

| Year | Films | Language | Songs | Background Score | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2011 | Thattathin Marayathu | Malayalam | No | No | As playback singer |
| 2013 | Philips and the Monkey Pen | Malayalam | Yes | Yes | Awarded BIG FM Debut Music Director Award |
| 2015 | Jo and the Boy | Malayalam | Yes | Yes |  |
| 2016 | Aakashavani | Malayalam | No | Yes |  |
| 2019 | Prakashante Metro | Malayalam | Yes | Yes |  |
| 2019 | Sullu | Malayalam | No | Yes |  |
| 2019 | Safe | Malayalam | Yes | Yes |  |
| 2021 | Home | Malayalam | Yes | Yes |  |
| 2022 | Meppadiyan | Malayalam | Yes | Yes |  |
| 2024 | Kunddala Puranam | Malayalam | No | Yes |  |
| 2024 | Kathanaar | Malayalam | Yes | Yes | Upcoming Release |
| 2024 | Namukku Kodathiyil Kaanam | Malayalam | Yes | Yes | Upcoming Release |
| 2024 | Volunteer | Telugu | Yes | Yes | Upcoming Release |
| 2024 | Gaaligudda | Kannada | Yes | Yes | Upcoming Release |

## Recent projects

Recent projects are the peppy track 'Fly with Me,' which he co-created with musicians Arjun Sasi, Ramya Nambeesan, and Akhil J. Chand. It was produced as a response to the challenging times of the pandemic.

## Awards and recognition

* 2013: Best FM Debut Music Director Award for Philips and the Monkey Pen

1. Correspondent, D. C. (2017-02-05). "Rahul Subrahmanian: Building his own realm". *Deccan Chronicle*. Retrieved 2024-08-20. `{{cite web}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)
2. "ചേച്ചിയെ മനഃപൂർവം മാറ്റി നിർത്തിയതല്ല: മനസ്സു തുറന്ന് രാഹുൽ സുബ്രഹ്മണ്യൻ". *www.manoramaonline.com*. Retrieved 2024-08-20.
3. "ഇതിലും മികച്ചൊരു ചേച്ചിയെ തനിക്ക് കിട്ടില്ലെന്ന് രാഹുൽ;കരയിപ്പിക്കല്ലേ കുഞ്ഞേയെന്ന് രമ്യ നമ്പീശൻ". *Mathrubhumi*. 2024-06-27. Retrieved 2024-08-20.
4. "ചേച്ചിയെ മനഃപൂർവം മാറ്റി നിർത്തിയതല്ല: മനസ്സു തുറന്ന് രാഹുൽ സുബ്രഹ്മണ്യൻ". *www.manoramaonline.com*. Retrieved 2024-08-20.
5. "രമ്യ നമ്പീശന്റെ സഹോദരനും സംഗീതസംവിധായകനുമായ രാഹുൽ സുബ്രഹ്മണ്യൻ വിവാഹിതനായി". *രമ്യ നമ്പീശന്റെ സഹോദരനും സംഗീതസംവിധായകനുമായ രാഹുൽ സുബ്രഹ്മണ്യൻ വിവാഹിതനായി* (in Malayalam). Retrieved 2024-08-20.
6. "Manju Warier to do the title role in 'Jo and the Boy'". *NOWRUNNING*. 2015-09-18. Retrieved 2024-08-20.
7. S, Krishna P. (2021-09-06). "Fly with Me: An ode to the perfect road trip". *The New Indian Express*. Retrieved 2024-08-20.
8. Service, Express News (2013-11-06). "Honour for Malayalam music industry". *The New Indian Express*. Retrieved 2024-08-20.

## InfoBox

| Rahul Subrahmanian | |
| --- | --- |
| Rahul Subrahmanian- 2024 Picture | |
| Background information | |
| Also known as | Rahul S Unni |
| Born | (1989-11-26) November 26, 1989<br>Chottanikkara, Kerala, India |
| Occupation(s) | Music composer, Music director, Singer |
| Instrument(s) | Tabla, Chenda, Mridangam and Piano |
| Years active | 2011- Present |
| Spouse | Debbie Susan Chembakassery  (m. 2024) |


title: Rahul Ramakrishna

abstract: Rahul Ramakrishna is an Indian actor, writer and journalist. He made his debut with the short film, Sainma. He became popular with his role in the 2017 Telugu film, Arjun Reddy.

text:
# Rahul Ramakrishna

**Rahul Ramakrishna** (born 15 January 1991) is an Indian actor, writer and journalist. He made his debut with the short film, *Sainma*. He became popular with his role in the 2017 Telugu film, *Arjun Reddy*.

## Early life

Rahul Ramakrishna was born in Hyderabad, Telangana. His father was a yoga instructor and his mother is an assistant editor for a business magazine. He studied mechanical engineering in VJIT but discontinued it after second year.

## Career

Rahul Ramakrishna worked as a journalist in evening dailies, *Post Noon* and *Metro India*. He also worked as a translator for journalists visiting Hyderabad on assignments. Along with a short stint as a film review writer for a *Hindustan Times* affiliated website, Rahul did many varied odd-jobs, as a songwriter, screenwriter, and as a presenter for a television cook show.

### Film career

Rahul's affiliation with acting began as a theatre enthusiast where he worked with several theatre groups as part of their production crew. According to his interviews, Rahul developed a keen interest in acting after a workshop with playwright and activist N Madhusudan and Dr. Sagari Ramdas, both of whom Rahul credits as his teachers and guides. His first attempt at acting was in a short film, *Sainma* directed by Tharun Bhascker Dhaassyam. Following the appreciation that poured in both for the film's attempt and aesthetics and for the acting prowess of the entire cast, he signed up to play the main lead's supporting friend in a comic role in the Telugu film, *Jayammu Nischayammu Raa* starring Srinivasa Reddy and Poorna directed by Sivaraju Kanumuri.

After this, Rahul shot to fame as Shiva, in the film *Arjun Reddy*, where his character's unwavering loyalty to the lead's combined with wit and emotional support garnered him a massive fan following in the audience and the film fraternity alike.

The success of *Arjun Reddy* and the widespread recognition furthered his career with instrumental characters in many Telugu films of 2018 such as *Bharat Ane Nenu*, *Sammohanam*, *Chi La Sow*. Rahul repeated his "hero's best friend" role and combination with actor Vijay Deverakonda in the film *Geetha Govindam*. In 2020 he appeared in *Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo*.

In late 2018, Rahul announced that he will be marrying his girlfriend, however, he later postponed the marriage citing busy shooting schedules.

## Filmography

Key
|  | Denotes films that have not yet been released |
| --- | --- |

As actor

| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 | *Sainma* | Ramu | Short film |
| 2016 | *Jayammu Nischayammu Raa* | Yadagiri | Also dialogue writer |
| | *Sheeshmahal* | Filmmaker |  |
| 2017 | *Arjun Reddy* | Shiva |  |
| 2018 | *Inttelligent* | Rahul |  |
| | *Bharat Ane Nenu* | Ramana |  |
| | *Sammohanam* | Murthy |  |
| | *Chi La Sow* | Police Officer |  |
| | *Geetha Govindam* | Ramakrishna |  |
| | *Husharu* | Raj Bollam |  |
| | *Mithai* | Sai |  |
| 2019 | *Kalki* | Deva Dutta |  |
| | *Brochevarevarura* | Rambo |  |
| 2020 | *Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo* | Ravindra |  |
| | *Pressure Cooker* | Chandrasekhar |  |
| | *Guvva Gorinka* |  | Amazon Prime Video film |
| 2021 | *A1 Express* | Rahul |  |
| | *Jathi Ratnalu* | Jogipet Ravi |  |
| | *Y* | Baalu | Aha film |
| | *Shaadi Mubarak* | Driver |  |
| | *Paagal* | Youth leader |  |
| | *Net* | Lakshman |  |
| | *Republic* | Mani |  |
| | *Skylab* | Subedar Ramarao |  |
| 2022 | *RRR* | Lacchu |  |
| | *Virata Parvam* |  |  |
| | *Ante Sundaraniki* | Dr. Guruvesh |  |
| | *Happy Birthday* | Gunda |  |
| | *Krishna Vrinda Vihari* |  |  |
| | *Ori Devuda* | God's Assistant |  |
| 2023 | *Intinti Ramayanam* | Seenu |  |
| | *Vimanam* | Koti |  |
| | *Kushi* | RK |  |
| 2024 | *Om Bheem Bush* | Madhav Relangi |  |

As lyricist

## Television

| Year | Title | Role | Channel/Platform | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 | *Wow Emi Ruchi* | Host/Chef | ETV Abhiruchi |  |
| 2017 | *Story Discussion* | Rahul | Avanti Cinema | Also singer for "Rangu Rangula Sitralanni" |
| 2018 | *Gangstars* | Red | Amazon Prime Video |  |
| | *Nirudyoga Natulu* | Himself | Avanti Cinema | Cameo appearance in the Season Finale |
|

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Film | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2018 | SIIMA | Best Comedian (Telugu) | *Arjun Reddy* | Won |  |
| 2019 | Filmfare Awards South | Best Supporting Actor – Telugu | *Geetha Govindam* | Nominated |  |
| 2020 | Zee Cine Awards Telugu | Best Comedian | *Brochevarevarura* | Won |  |
| 2021 | SIIMA | | | Nominated |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Rahul Ramakrishna | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1991-01-15) 15 January 1991<br>Secunderabad, Telangana, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Occupation(s) | Actor, singer, lyricist, journalist |
| Years active | 2014–present |


title: Ralph Austin Bard

abstract: Ralph Austin Bard was a Chicago financier who served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, 1941–1944, and as Under Secretary, 1944–1945. He is noted for a memorandum he wrote to Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson in 1945 urging that Japan be given a warning before the use of the atomic bomb on a strategic city. He was "the only person known to have formally dissented from the use of the atomic bomb without advance warning."

text:
# Ralph Austin Bard

**Ralph Austin Bard** (July 29, 1884  April 5, 1975) was a Chicago financier who served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, 19411944, and as Under Secretary, 19441945. He is noted for a memorandum he wrote to Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson in 1945 urging that Japan be given a warning before the use of the atomic bomb on a strategic city. He was "the only person known to have formally dissented from the use of the atomic bomb without advance warning."

## Early life and business career

Born in Cleveland, Ohio, Bard was the second of three children born to George Morris Bard (1852–1932) and Helen Norwood Bard (1858–1947). He went to Princeton University, where he lettered in baseball, basketball and football. After graduating in 1906, he embarked on a career as an investment banker in Chicago, eventually becoming head of his own firm. He married Mary Hancock Spear (1886–1949) in 1909. They had four children. Bard was active in civic organizations in the Chicago area, including Boy Scouts of America and the American Red Cross. He was also a trustee of Northwestern University. One of Bard's children was actress Katharine Bard.

## Service at the Navy Department

Although he was an active Republican, Bard was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Navy by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, a Democrat who had once held the same post. As Assistant Secretary, Bard was responsible for all matters relating to civilian personnel and the general administration of the Navy Department. Divisions under his control included Shore Establishments, Transportation, Supervision and Management, the Administrative Office, and the Management Engineer's Office. He instituted a sweeping industrial relations program, covering such areas as training, classification, safety, labor relations, recruiting, and efficient use of manpower, and established a Personnel Relations Division in every major naval activity. Thanks to his efforts, there was no strike or work stoppage at any Navy activity during World War II. Bard was also a member of the War Manpower Commission, established by President Roosevelt to balance the wartime labor needs of the civilian and military sectors of the U.S. economy. Upon becoming Under Secretary on June 24, 1944, Bard added responsibility for all Navy uniformed personnel to his other duties. Bard also served as acting Secretary of the Navy from April 28, 1944, to May 19, 1944, following the death of Secretary Frank Knox.

### Bard and integration of the Navy

> We are whistling in a graveyard to keep from facing reality. We prate about our unity of purpose. Then we retire to the woodshed with a sharp pencil and a clean shingle, to figure out whether the agricultural or the petroleum interests will grab the synthetic rubber business, and whether the British-Dutch rubber cartel will be revived after the war to threaten this new industry. We hope that we can enlist the support of the masses of Latin America and our own Negroes, without having to do too much toward solving the agrarian problems of our neighbors to the south or the economic problems of our fellow-Americans. And we hope that the Russians will whip the Nazis, but not be too unreasonable about spreading their uncomfortable doctrines outside of Russia.
>
> And all the time we have a dusty standard in the attic around which we could all rally if we would but break it out and understand its dynamic implications.
>
> I mean the standard of democratic idealism, which means tolerance, humility, sacrifice and understanding of the meaning of human dignity.

— Ralph Austin Bard, Speech to the Industrial Union of Marine and Shipbuilding Workers of America, New York City, September 24, 1942

When Bard became Assistant Secretary, Navy policy was to prohibit African Americans from enlisting for "general duty" (combat) roles, restricting them to service as "messmen". Although Bard's duties as Assistant Secretary did not extend to uniformed personnel, his office often dealt with racial discrimination and its consequences. As a member of a committee appointed to investigate the Navy's racial policies, Bard's special assistant Addison Walker argued for allowing enlistment of a small number of African Americans for general duty on an experimental basis; and Bard himself promised Mark Abridge, who chaired President Roosevelt's Fair Employment Practices Committee, that enlistment of African Americans would be given consideration. Under pressure from President Roosevelt, the Navy announced in 1942 a new policy of accepting African American volunteers (but not draftees) for general duty positions in segregated units, a practice that continued until 1948 when President Truman issued Executive Order 9981 racially integrating the United States Armed Services. In 1944, the Navy began the training of African Americans as commissioned officers.

### Bard's memorandum to Stimson

In 1945, Bard became one of eight members of the Interim Committee appointed to advise President Harry S. Truman on the use of the atomic bomb. Although Bard joined in the committee's unanimous recommendation that the bomb should be used in combat as soon as possible and without warning, he developed second thoughts. In a memorandum dated June 27, 1945, to Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson, Bard argued that Japan should receive two or three days' "preliminary warning" before the bomb was used. "The position of the United States as a great humanitarian nation and the fair play attitude of our people generally is responsible in the main for this feeling," Bard wrote, adding that he felt "that the Japanese government may be searching for some opportunity which they could use as a medium of surrender." The memorandum also suggested that Japan be informed of "Russia's position," i.e., the likely entry of the Soviet Union into the war, and that "assurances" be given "with regard to the Emperor of Japan and the treatment of the Japanese nation following unconditional surrender." However, the extensive incendiary raids on Japanese cities under General Curtis LeMay that killed at least 350,000 civilians desensitized U.S. authorities, and the Japanese government did not respond to the Potsdam Declaration in late July 1945 outlining the conditions for unconditional surrender.

On August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima without the warning that Bard recommended, inflicting approximately 70,000 deaths, including 20,000 Japanese combatants and 20,000 Korean slave laborers. On August 8, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan and launched the invasion of Manchuria which decimated the already-weakening Manchukuo Imperial Army. On August 9, a second bomb was used on the Japanese city of Nagasaki, killing approximately 35,000 people, including 27,778 Japanese munitions employees, 2,000 Korean slave laborers, and 150 Japanese combatants. On August 15, the Emperor announced the surrender of Japan.

Bard submitted his resignation as Under Secretary at about the time the Interim Committee made its recommendation to Truman on the use of the bomb. He left his post a month later. There is no evidence that he resigned in disagreement with the recommendation or because his own recommendations to Stimson were not followed.

## Later life

In 1946, Bard received the Navy's Distinguished Service Medal. In his later years, he made his residence in Lake Forest, Illinois. He was honorary chair of the committee that brought the captured German submarine *U-505* to the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago. He received the Navy's Distinguished Civilian Service Award in 1954, and he died in a nursing home in Deerfield, Illinois, on April 5, 1975, at age 91. He is buried in Lake Forest Cemetery.

## Bard papers

Bard's papers (1941–1944) are housed at the Naval Historical Center in Washington, D.C.

**Attribution**  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Naval History and Heritage Command.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Ralph Austin Bard | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Under Secretary of the Navy | |
| **In office**
June 24, 1944  June 30, 1945 | |
| President | Franklin D. Roosevelt
Harry S. Truman |
| Preceded by | James Forrestal |
| Succeeded by | Artemus Gates |
| Assistant Secretary of the Navy | |
| **In office**
February 24, 1941  June 24, 1944 | |
| President | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| Preceded by | Lewis Compton |
| Succeeded by | H. Struve Hensel |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | July 29, 1884 (1884-07-29)
Cleveland, Ohio, US |
| Died | April 5, 1975 (1975-04-06) (aged 91)
Deerfield, Illinois, US |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Mary Hancock Spear |
| Children | 4, including Katharine Bard |
| Alma mater | Princeton University |
| Occupation | financier |
| Awards | Navy Distinguished Service Medal
Navy Distinguished Civilian Service Award |
| Signature |  |
|  | |