title: Josh Brown (Australian cricketer)

abstract: Josh Brown is an Australian cricketer who plays for Melbourne Renegades in the Big Bash League. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium pace bowler. On 26 February 2023, he made his List A debut for the Queensland against the New South Wales in the 2022–23 Marsh One-Day Cup.

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# Josh Brown (Australian cricketer)

**Josh Brown** (born 26 December 1993) is an Australian cricketer who plays for Melbourne Renegades in the Big Bash League. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium pace bowler. On 26 February 2023, he made his List A debut for the Queensland against the New South Wales in the 2022–23 Marsh One-Day Cup.

## Biography

Brown grew up in Brisbane and played soccer as a youth, only starting playing cricket at the age 13 years-old. At the age of 23 years-old he quickly progressed from third grade cricket to the Queensland Second XI within 18 months. He played grade cricket for Northern Suburbs District Cricket Club, and in 2019, played club cricket in England for Histon CC in the Cambridge and Hunts Premier League. His time in England included a knock of 113 runs from 71 balls against Eaton Socon which included 13 sixes. In August 2022, Brown hit the second highest score ever in the Queensland T20 Max competition, when he hit 159 from 59 balls whilst opening the batting for Northern Districts. He makes cricket bats, including his own.

Brown made his debut in the Big Bash for Brisbane Heat on 15 December 2022 against the Melbourne Renegades. In his second match, on January 1, 2023, he scored 62 runs from 23 balls and won the Player of the Match award against the Sydney Sixers. It was the fifth fastest half-century in club history, but Brown was so new to the team he did not even have his name on the back of his kit. Commentator Adam Gilchrist described Brown as "his new favourite player" and Brown spoke of this being meaningful as he had himself taken time-off school to watch Gilchrist play at The Gabba. Brown received publicity because uniquely in modern sport he played the innings using a bat he had made himself. Brown played consistently at the top of the batting order for Brisbane Heat throughout the rest of the 2022-23 Big Bash and they reached the final against Perth Scorchers on February 4, 2023. In the Big Bash Final, Brown opened the innings as Brisbane batted first and scored 25 from twelve balls with the Scorchers ultimately winning the title.

He was given a full contract by Brisbane Heat for 2023-24 Big Bash League season. On 22 January 2024, Brown hit the equal second-fastest century in the competition's history, reaching 100 from 41 balls, before finishing on 140 runs from 57 balls including a tournament record 12 sixes as well as 10 fours in the Qualifier Final against the Adelaide Strikers in Carrara, Queensland. It was also the third highest individual score in Big Bash history. The innings propelled the Brisbane Heat into the BBL13 Final against the Sydney Sixers. On 24 January 2024 he opened the batting in the Big Bash Final for the second consecutive season. He top scored for Brisbane Heat with 53 from 38 balls, as his side won the title, defeating Sydney Sixers at the Sydney Cricket Ground.

In January 2024, Brown signed for the Chattogram Challengers for the Bangladesh Premier League. In April 2024, he agreed a two-year contract with the Melbourne Renegades.

In September 2024, he made his debut for Victoria cricket team in the One-Day Cup in a four-wicket victory over Tasmanian Tigers.

## InfoBox

Josh Brown
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1993-12-26) 26 December 1993<br>Brisbane, Queensland |
| Height | 1.90 m (6 ft 3 in) |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm medium |
| Role | Batter |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 2022/23–2023/24 | Brisbane Heat *(squad no. 98)* |
| 2022/23 | Queensland |
| 2024 | Chattogram Challengers |
| 2024/25 | Victoria |
|  | |
| T20 debut | 15 December 2022 Brisbane Heat v Melbourne Renegades |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition List A Twenty20  Matches 3 29  Runs scored 58 757  Batting average 19.33 26.10  100s/50s 0/0 1/2  Top score 38 140  Balls bowled 39 -  Wickets 1 -  Bowling average 42.00   5 wickets in innings 0   10 wickets in match 0   Best bowling 1/38   Catches/stumpings 0/– 11/– | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 30 September 2024 | |


title: Charles Chapman House

abstract: The Charles Chapman House is a historic house in Mankato, Minnesota, United States. It was built around 1858. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 for its local significance in the theme of exploration/settlement. It was nominated for its association with Charles Chapman, an early surveyor and city engineer who played a key role in Mankato's initial development.

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# Charles Chapman House

The **Charles Chapman House** is a historic house in Mankato, Minnesota, United States. It was built around 1858. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 for its local significance in the theme of exploration/settlement. It was nominated for its association with Charles Chapman, an early surveyor and city engineer who played a key role in Mankato's initial development.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Charles Chapman House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| The Charles Chapman House viewed from the south | |
|  | |
| Location | 418 McCauley Street, Mankato, Minnesota |
| Coordinates | 44°9′18.8″N 94°2′14.3″W / 44.155222°N 94.037306°W / 44.155222; -94.037306 |
| Area | Less than one acre |
| Built | c. 1858 |
| Architect | Unknown |
| NRHP reference No. | 80001942 |
| Added to NRHP | July 28, 1980 |


title: Chuck Patton

abstract: Francis Chuck Patton is an African-American comics artist and animator. He is best known for his work on DC Comics' Justice League of America in the 1980s, specifically for the period in which the team relocated to Detroit and was staffed with new, multicultural super-heroes. With writer Gerry Conway, Patton created Gypsy and Vibe, as well as redesigning Vixen and Steel, The Indestructible Man.

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# Chuck Patton

**Francis Chuck Patton** is an African-American comics artist and animator. He is best known for his work on DC Comics' *Justice League of America* in the 1980s, specifically for the period in which the team relocated to Detroit and was staffed with new, multicultural super-heroes. With writer Gerry Conway, Patton created Gypsy and Vibe, as well as redesigning Vixen and Steel, The Indestructible Man.

## Career

### Comics

A self-taught comics artist, although with a degree in art, Patton's influences included José Luis García-López, John Buscema, Gil Kane, Neal Adams, and Dick Giordano. Patton was interested in journalism, but was enticed into a comics career in large part thanks to Giordano by then a top executive at DC. Patton entered the comics industry in 1983 by penciling a brief run of Creeper back-up stories in *The Flash*.

After drawing various titles including *Green Lantern*, *The Brave and the Bold*, and the "Green Arrow" backup feature in *Detective Comics*, Patton became the artist of *Justice League of America* beginning with the August 1983 issue. During this period, Patton's roommate was fellow comics artist Shawn McManus. Patton drew issues ##217–227 and 233–239 of *JLA*, a period in the title's history when it underwent great changes — including the core characters of Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman leaving the team, and the introduction of the new multicultural lineup. These changes were not well received by readers, and Patton left the title feeling as if he bore the brunt of the fans' anger. In addition to Gypsy and Vibe, Patton also co-created the Cadre, the Overmaster, and Paragon. Vibe has since become a supporting character on The CW's television series *The Flash*, portrayed by actor Carlos Valdes.

After leaving *Justice League*, Patton was unsuccessful in gaining another regular penciling assignment. Instead, he worked on single issues or short runs of such DC titles as *Action Comics Weekly*, *Blue Beetle*, *Legion of Super-Heroes*, *The New Teen Titans*, *Omega Men*, *The Outsiders*, *Secret Origins*, and *Vigilante*. He was one of the contributors to the *DC Challenge* limited series in 1985.

During this period, Patton did sporadic work for Eclipse Comics and Marvel Comics, on such titles as *New DNAgents*, *Daredevil*, and *Classic X-Men*. He was considered to replace the outgoing Todd McFarlane on *The Incredible Hulk*, but turned the offer down when he was asked to emulate McFarlane's distinctive art style.

### Animation

In 1988, after half a decade in the comics industry, Patton became disillusioned with comics and moved into children's television animation. He was living in Los Angeles by this time, which is where most animated series were produced. Patton's credits include *Dinosaucers*, *G.I. Joe,* *Captain N: The Game Master*, *The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3*, *Inspector Gadget Saves Christmas*, and *Teen Titans*.

Patton has become a successful animation director, helming such projects as *Dead Space: Downfall*, *Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles* and Todd McFarlane's *Spawn*, for which Patton garnered an Emmy Award for "Outstanding Animated Program".

## Awards

### Emmy Award

## Bibliography

### DC Comics

### Eclipse Comics

### Marvel Comics

## InfoBox

| Chuck Patton | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Francis Chuck Patton<br>August 19, 1956 |
| Nationality | American |
| Area(s) | Penciller |
| Notable works | *Justice League of America* |
| Awards | Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program, 1999 |


title: Lillian Russell (film)

abstract: Lillian Russell is a 1940 American biographical film of the life of the singer and actress. The screenplay was by William Anthony McGuire. The film was directed by Irving Cummings and produced by Darryl F. Zanuck. It stars Alice Faye in the title role, Don Ameche, Henry Fonda and Edward Arnold as Diamond Jim Brady. Richard Day and Joseph C. Wright were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Art Direction, Black-and-White.

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# Lillian Russell (film)

***Lillian Russell*** is a 1940 American biographical film of the life of the singer and actress. The screenplay was by William Anthony McGuire. The film was directed by Irving Cummings and produced by Darryl F. Zanuck. It stars Alice Faye in the title role, Don Ameche, Henry Fonda and Edward Arnold as Diamond Jim Brady.

Richard Day and Joseph C. Wright were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Art Direction, Black-and-White.

## Plot

Helen Leonard has a beautiful voice. As she grows up, she trains to become an opera singer. Her instructor, however, informs her that her voice is pleasing, but not suitable for grand opera. Returning home one day, she and her grandmother are saved by a handsome young man, newspaperman Alexander Moore. Meanwhile, Helen's mother, Cynthia, has political aspirations, but receives only a handful of votes for mayor.

While singing one evening, Helen is overheard by vaudeville impresario Tony Pastor, who hires her to sing at his theater. She is given a new name, Lillian Russell, and quickly rises to fame as the toast of New York. As the years pass, Lillian becomes one of the most revered stars in America. She has many suitors, including financier Diamond Jim Brady, Jesse Lewisohn, and composer Edward Solomon. She eventually marries Edward and they move to London, where Gilbert and Sullivan are writing an operetta specially for her.

Alexander Moore returns and makes a contract with Lillian to write stories about her rise to fame. But tragedy soon strikes when Edward dies one evening while composing a song for her. Lillian cancels the interviews and makes an appearance in the show, singing the song her husband composed for her, "Blue Love Bird".

Lillian returns to America and is, by this time, the greatest stage attraction of the century. Alexander comes to see Lillian after a new show and the two are happily reunited.

The plot takes many liberties with the facts, in particular giving her only two husbands instead of four.

## Cast

## Songs

Many songs originally made famous in the 1890s and 1900s were used for the film, including "The Band Played On", "Come Down Ma Evenin' Star", "Ma Blushin' Rosie" and "After the Ball". Several new songs were also written for the film, including "Adored One" and most notably, "Blue Love Bird", composed by Gus Kahn and Bronisław Kaper.

* *Diamond Jim*, a 1935 film starring Edward Arnold, again as Jim Brady

## InfoBox

| Lillian Russell | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Irving Cummings |
| Written by | William Anthony McGuire |
| Produced by | Darryl F. Zanuck |
| Starring | Alice Faye
Don Ameche
Henry Fonda
Edward Arnold |
| Cinematography | Leon Shamroy |
| Edited by | Walter Thompson |
| Music by | David Buttolph (uncredited)
Cyril J. Mockridge (uncredited)
Alfred Newman (uncredited) |
| Production
company | 20th Century Fox |
| Distributed by | 20th Century Fox |
| Release date | * May 24, 1940 (1940-05-24) |
| Running time | 127 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Justin Slayer

abstract: Justin Slayer is an American pornographic film actor and director. He is from Los Angeles, California. He won the 2007 Adult Video News Awards "Best Ethnic Series - Latin" for the Mami Culo Grande series and "Best Ethnic Series - Black" for the Phatty Girls series. He won the 2009 AVN Awards, the Justin Slayer International film Mami Culo Grande 6 won "Best Ethnic-Themed Release - Latin." In 2009, Slayer won the Urban X Award for Best Director Gonzo.

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# Justin Slayer

**Justin Slayer** (born Eugene Bell on September 10, 1972) is an American pornographic film actor and director. He is from Los Angeles, California.

He won the 2007 Adult Video News Awards "Best Ethnic Series - Latin" for the *Mami Culo Grande* series and "Best Ethnic Series - Black" for the *Phatty Girls* series.

He won the 2009 AVN Awards, the Justin Slayer International film *Mami Culo Grande 6* won "Best Ethnic-Themed Release - Latin."

In 2009, Slayer won the Urban X Award for Best Director Gonzo.

## InfoBox

| Justin Slayer | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1972-09-10) September 10, 1972<br>Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) |
| Website | http://www.justinslayer.com |


title: Drew Kunin

abstract:
Drew Kunin is a sound mixer who was nominated at the 85th Academy Awards for the film Life of Pi. He was nominated in the category of Best Sound Mixing, he shared his nomination with Ron Bartlett and Doug Hemphill.
He received his second nomination at the 88th Academy Awards for his work on the film Bridge of Spies. He has produced sound on over 70 films since 1984. He often works with director Ang Lee. He has won an Emmy Award in 1993 for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Drama Miniseries or a Special for his work on the television film Stalin.

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# Drew Kunin

**Drew Kunin** is a sound mixer who was nominated at the 85th Academy Awards for the film *Life of Pi*. He was nominated in the category of Best Sound Mixing, he shared his nomination with Ron Bartlett and Doug Hemphill. He received his second nomination at the 88th Academy Awards for his work on the film *Bridge of Spies*.

He has produced sound on over 70 films since 1984. He often works with director Ang Lee. He has won an Emmy Award in 1993 for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Drama Miniseries or a Special for his work on the television film *Stalin*.

## InfoBox

| Drew Kunin | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Andrew Paul Kunin |
| Other names | Andrew Kunin |
| Occupation | Sound Mixer |
| Years active | 1984–present |


title: Coke strength after reaction

abstract: Coke Strength after Reaction (CSR) refers to coke "hot" strength, generally a quality reference in a simulated reaction condition in an industrial blast furnace. The test is based on a procedure developed by Nippon Steel Corp in the 1970s as an attempt to get an indication of coke performance and is used widely throughout the world since then. It is one of the major considerations when blending coking coal for export sale.

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# Coke strength after reaction

**Coke Strength after Reaction (CSR)** refers to coke "hot" strength, generally a quality reference in a simulated reaction condition in an industrial blast furnace. The test is based on a procedure developed by Nippon Steel Corp in the 1970s as an attempt to get an indication of coke performance and is used widely throughout the world since then. It is one of the major considerations when blending coking coal for export sale.

## Test procedure

The coke sample is first tested for its reactivity (CRI), then the same sample is tested for strength (CSR).

### Reactivity test

A 200 g sample of 19–21 mm particle range coke is heated at 1100°C under 1 atmosphere pressure of carbon dioxide for 2 hours. Next, the coke is cooled under nitrogen and the weight loss resulting from reaction is measured. The percentage weight loss is known as reactivity (CRI).

### Strength test

The reacted coke is placed in an I-type drum (no lifters) and subjected to 600 revolutions in 30 minutes. The percent of carbon material removed from the drum that is ≥10 mm is known as the coke strength after reaction (CSR).


title: Tomigusuku Seiryō

abstract: Tomigusuku Ueekata Seiryō, also known by his Chinese style name Mō Taiun, was a bureaucrat of the Ryukyu Kingdom. Tomigusuku Seiryō was the sixth head of an aristocrat family called Mō-uji Tomigusuku Dunchi (毛氏豊見城殿内). He was the eldest son of Tomigusuku Seizoku. Tomigusuku was elected as a member of Sanshikan in 1627. King Shō Hō dispatched Prince Chatan Chōshū and him in 1638 to celebrate Shimazu Mitsuhisa succeeded as daimyō of Satsuma. Prince Chatan returned to Ryukyu in the next year, but Tomigusuku remained in Satsuma to handle official business. He sailed back to Ryukyu in 1642 but his ship was shipwrecked near Tokunoshima. His body was not found so he had no grave.

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# Tomigusuku Seiryō

**Tomigusuku *Ueekata* Seiryō** (豊見城 親方 盛良, 1 July 1586  26 September 1642), also known by his Chinese style name **Mō Taiun** (毛 泰運), was a bureaucrat of the Ryukyu Kingdom.

Tomigusuku Seiryō was the sixth head of an aristocrat family called Mō-uji Tomigusuku Dunchi (毛氏豊見城殿内). He was the eldest son of Tomigusuku Seizoku.

Tomigusuku was elected as a member of *Sanshikan* in 1627. King Shō Hō dispatched Prince Chatan Chōshū (北谷 朝秀, also known as Shō Kei 尚 慶) and him in 1638 to celebrate Shimazu Mitsuhisa succeeded as *daimyō* of Satsuma. Prince Chatan returned to Ryukyu in the next year, but Tomigusuku remained in Satsuma to handle official business. He sailed back to Ryukyu in 1642 but his ship was shipwrecked near Tokunoshima. His body was not found so he had no grave.

## InfoBox

| Tomigusuku Seiryō | |
| --- | --- |
| 豊見城 盛良 | |
|  | |
| *sanshikan* of Ryukyu | |
| **In office**
1627–1642 | |
| Preceded by | Gushichan Anshi |
| Succeeded by | Kunigami Chōki |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1586-07-01)July 1, 1586
Ryukyu Kingdom |
| Died | September 26, 1642(1642-09-26) (aged 56)
near Tokunoshima |
| Parent | Tomigusuku Seizoku (father) |
| Chinese name | Mō Taiun (毛 泰運) |
| Rank | Ueekata |
|  | |


abstract: The South Street Historic District encompasses a small enclave of 19th-century houses on South Street between Meadow and Fruit Streets in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Covering two blocks of South Street, it includes 21 buildings, of which 15 were built before 1850, and the rest before 1900. Most of the houses are 1+1⁄2-story wood-frame structures, with many of the larger ones showing signs of having once been of a similar size. The most common architectural style is the Greek Revival, with notable examples at 19-21 and 37-39 South Street. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The separately-listed Joseph Spaulding House is a contributing element of the district.

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# South Street Historic District (Pawtucket, Rhode Island)

The **South Street Historic District** encompasses a small enclave of 19th-century houses on South Street between Meadow and Fruit Streets in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Covering two blocks of South Street, it includes 21 buildings, of which 15 were built before 1850, and the rest before 1900. Most of the houses are 1+12-story wood-frame structures, with many of the larger ones showing signs of having once been of a similar size. The most common architectural style is the Greek Revival, with notable examples at 19-21 and 37-39 South Street.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The separately-listed Joseph Spaulding House is a contributing element of the district.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| South Street Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| Houses on South Street | |
|  | |
| Location | Pawtucket, Rhode Island |
| Coordinates | 41°52′23″N 71°22′44″W / 41.873028°N 71.378971°W / 41.873028; -71.378971 |
| Area | 4 acres (1.6 ha) |
| Architectural style | Greek Revival, Italianate |
| MPS | Pawtucket MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 83003864 |
| Added to NRHP | November 18, 1983 |


title: Reshmie Oogink

abstract:
Reshmie Oogink is a Dutch taekwondo athlete. She represented the Netherlands at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, in the women's +67 kg. She won a bronze medal in middleweight at the 2017 World Taekwondo Championships.
She represented the Netherlands at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, in the women's +67 kg coached by Edward Fong.

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# Reshmie Oogink

**Reshmie Oogink** (born 26 October 1989) is a Dutch taekwondo athlete.

She represented the Netherlands at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, in the women's +67 kg. She won a bronze medal in middleweight at the 2017 World Taekwondo Championships. She represented the Netherlands at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, in the women's +67 kg coached by Edward Fong.

## InfoBox

Reshmie Oogink
| Reshmie Oogink in 2016 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Nationality | Dutch |
| Born | (1989-10-26) 26 October 1989<br>Almelo, Netherlands |
| Height | 1.79 m (5 ft 10 in) |
| Weight | 67 kg (148 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Taekwondo |
| Coached by | Nelson Saenz Miller, Michael Oogink, Edward Fong |
| Medal record      Representing the  Netherlands  Women's taekwondo  World Championships  2017 Muju  Middleweight | |


title: Spencer Hall

abstract: Spencer Hall was librarian of the Athenaeum Club, London.

text:
# Spencer Hall

**Spencer Hall** (6 November 1805 – 21 August 1875) was librarian of the Athenaeum Club, London.

## Life

Hall was born in London in 1805, son of John Hall and his wife Elizabeth. His brother William Hall was a founder of the publisher Chapman and Hall.

He was articled to John Booth, bookseller, of Duke Street, Portman Square, London. He lived a short time in Germany, and was afterwards with Hodges and Smith of Dublin. He was appointed librarian of the Athenaeum Club in 1833, on the recommendation of his relative Edward Magrath, who succeeded Michael Faraday as the first secretary of the club. The members had been only three years in possession of their house in Pall Mall, so that Hall was connected with the early organization of the library.

He issued a pamphlet on the classification of the library in 1858, followed three years later by a letter to John Murray suggesting an edition of Shakespeare with literary criticisms. Hall's other publications were mainly of an antiquarian character. He was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1858.

Under his management the library of the Athenæum Club gradually became one of the choicest collections of books of reference in London. He retired after forty-two years' service, owing to failing health, in May 1875, when he was elected an honorary member of the club and voted a pension. Hall died on 21 August 1875 at Tunbridge Wells, in his seventieth year. His own library was sold by Sothebys on 26 June 1876.

## Publications

Hall published:

* "Echyngham of Echyngham" (1850)
* "Notices of Sepulchral Memorials at Etchingham, Sussex, and of the Church at that Place" (1851)
* "Documents from Simancas relating to the Reign of Elizabeth (1558–68); translated from the Spanish of Don Tomás Gonzalez, and edited with Notes and an Introduction"(1865)
* "Francesca da Rimini" (privately printed, 1874; translated from the "Inferno" of Dante, canto v.)

He contributed to *The Archaeological Journal*, to the *Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries*, as well as to *The Art Journal* and other periodicals.

**Attribution**


title: Smash-Up, the Story of a Woman

abstract: Smash-Up, the Story of a Woman, also called A Woman Destroyed, is a 1947 American drama film with elements of film noir that tells the story of a rising nightclub singer who marries another singer and becomes an alcoholic after sacrificing her career for him. The film starred Susan Hayward, Lee Bowman, Eddie Albert and Marsha Hunt. The screenplay was written by John Howard Lawson based on a story written by Dorothy Parker, Frank Cavett and Lionel Wiggam. Produced by Walter Wanger under his personal contract with Hayward, the film was directed by Stuart Heisler. Ethel Wales appears in an uncredited part. The film was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Actress in a Leading Role (Hayward) and Best Writing, Original Story. Because the film contains a story similar to that of A Star Is Born, it was rumored to be a cryptic biography of Bing Crosby and his stormy first marriage to Dixie Lee. A scene that has been popular with critics and fans is the violent slapping and hair-pulling fight between rivals Hayward and Hunt in the ladies‘ powder room. This film is in the public domain.

text:
# Smash-Up, the Story of a Woman

***Smash-Up, the Story of a Woman***, also called ***A Woman Destroyed***, is a 1947 American drama film with elements of film noir that tells the story of a rising nightclub singer who marries another singer and becomes an alcoholic after sacrificing her career for him.

The film starred Susan Hayward, Lee Bowman, Eddie Albert and Marsha Hunt. The screenplay was written by John Howard Lawson based on a story written by Dorothy Parker, Frank Cavett and Lionel Wiggam. Produced by Walter Wanger under his personal contract with Hayward, the film was directed by Stuart Heisler. Ethel Wales appears in an uncredited part.

The film was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Actress in a Leading Role (Hayward) and Best Writing, Original Story.

Because the film contains a story similar to that of *A Star Is Born*, it was rumored to be a cryptic biography of Bing Crosby and his stormy first marriage to Dixie Lee. A scene that has been popular with critics and fans is the violent slapping and hair-pulling fight between rivals Hayward and Hunt in the ladies‘ powder room (a scene repeated by Hayward 20 years later in *Valley of the Dolls*).

This film is in the public domain.

## Plot

In a hospital, nightclub singer Angie Evans, her face bandaged, recounts the events that brought her there.

Angie becomes involved with aspiring singer Ken Conway. Her agent Mike Dawson helps Ken and piano accompanist Steve Anderson secure a spot on a radio show singing cowboy songs. Ken sings a ballad on the day that Angie, now his wife, gives birth to their daughter. Ken's performance earns him a new career opportunity.

Ken soon achieves great success, gaining popularity and wealth, while Angie stays home. With her career at a standstill, she begins to drink. Ken counts on her to present a sophisticated image for his new high-society friends and contacts, but her alcoholism worsens, so secretary Martha Gray comes to Ken's aid.

Angie is certain that Ken and Martha are having an affair. Steve tries to intervene on Angie's behalf, but he can see that Martha has fallen in love with Ken.

Angie neglects her child, continues to drink, and then creates a scene at a party. Ken asks for a divorce and custody. Mike helps Angie find work in a club. She is determined to stay sober in order to regain custody of her daughter. Instead, she finds herself in a bar and wakes the next morning in the apartment of strangers who had found her unconscious on their stairs.

Angie kidnaps her daughter from the park and takes her to a house in the country where Angie dutifully gives the child dinner and puts her to bed. After she sings her daughter to sleep, Angie forgets a lit cigarette in the room. She begins to drink and indulges in memories before the child's shouts finally alert her to the fire. Angie rescues her daughter from the flames but suffers serious facial burns.

Realizing that she has hit rock bottom, Angie is positive that she can move forward happily. Ken has talked with her doctor and wishes to try to support her.

## Cast

## Production

This was Hayward's first major role, and made her a star, earning her the first of five Academy Award nominations.

## Reception

In a contemporary review for *The New York Times*, critic Bosley Crowther wrote: "This irony of life might make for drama of a genuinely touching sort, as it did in that memorable picture of success and drunkenness, *A Star Is Born*. But, actually, in the writing, this complex tension has been so weakly drawn that the reason for the lady's dipsomania seems completely arbitrary and contrived. Furthermore, the writer, John Howard Lawson, has so muddled the lady with motherless love that the story becomes a wallow less in liquor than in mawkish sentiment."

According to *Variety*, the film earned $2 million in U.S. box office receipts in 1947.

The film lost $111,664 in its initial release.

## InfoBox

| Smash-Up, the Story of a Woman | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Stuart Heisler |
| Written by | Frank Cavett
John Howard Lawson
Dorothy Parker
Lionel Wiggam |
| Produced by | Walter Wanger |
| Starring | Susan Hayward
Eddie Albert |
| Cinematography | Stanley Cortez |
| Edited by | Milton Carruth |
| Music by | Frank Skinner |
| Production
company | Walter Wanger Productions |
| Distributed by | Universal-International Pictures |
| Release date | * March 1947 (1947-03) |
| Running time | 103 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $1,360,286 |
| Box office | $2,301,555 |


title: Rick West (Oklahoma politician)

abstract: Rick West is an American politician serving as a member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 3rd district. He was previously elected in 2016 to serve for one term and retired in 2018. In November 2020 he got elected back to his old seat after winning the primaries against his predecessor Lundy Kiger. He was sworn in on January 11, 2021.

text:
# Rick West (Oklahoma politician)

**Rick West** is an American politician serving as a member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 3rd district. He was previously elected in 2016 to serve for one term and retired in 2018. In November 2020 he got elected back to his old seat after winning the primaries against his predecessor Lundy Kiger. He was sworn in on January 11, 2021.

## Career

West worked as a poultry farmer, cattle rancher, and animal inspector for the USDA.

## Electoral history

2016 Oklahoma House of Representatives election: District 3 primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Rick West** | **807** | **61.1** |
|  | Republican | Traci Barnes | 514 | 38.9 |
| Total votes | | | **1,321** | **100.00** |

2016 Oklahoma House of Representatives election: District 3
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Rick West** | **7,687** | **60.8** |
|  | Democratic | Troy Dyer | 3,507 | 27.7 |
|  | Independent | Dewey Harrison | 1,456 | 11.5 |
| Total votes | | | **12,650** | **100.00** |
|  | Republican **gain** from Democratic | | | | |

2020 Oklahoma House of Representatives election: District 3 primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Rick West** | **1,854** | **54.0** |
|  | Republican | Lundy Kiger | 1,581 | 46.0 |
| Total votes | | | **3,435** | **100.00** |

2020 Oklahoma House of Representatives election: District 3
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Rick West** | **9,501** | **69.2** |
|  | Democratic | Mike Sullivan | 4,219 | 30.8 |
| Total votes | | | **13,720** | **100.00** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Rick West | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives
from the 3rd district | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
January 11, 2021 | |
| Preceded by | Lundy Kiger |
| **In office**
January 9, 2017  January 14, 2019 | |
| Preceded by | James Lockhart |
| Succeeded by | Lundy Kiger |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | North Carolina, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Jan |
|  | |


title: The Teams

abstract: The Teams is a poem by Australian writer and poet Henry Lawson. It was first published in the Australian Town and Country Journal on 21 December 1889. It was later published in the poet's poetry collection In the Days When the World Was Wide and Other Verses in 1896.

text:
# The Teams

***The Teams*** is a poem by Australian writer and poet Henry Lawson. It was first published in the *Australian Town and Country Journal* on 21 December 1889. It was later published in the poet's poetry collection *In the Days When the World Was Wide and Other Verses* in 1896.

## Text

The text of the poem, as published in the Australian Town and Country Journal, is as follows:

A cloud of dust on the long white road;
And the teams go creeping on,
Inch by inch with the weary load;
And by the power of the green-hide goad
The distant goal is won.
With eyes half-shut from the blinding dust,
And necks to the yokes bent low,
The beasts are pulling as bullocks must,
Till the shining rims of the tire-rings rust;
While the spokes are turning slow.
With face half hid 'neath a wide brimm'd hat
That shades from the heat's white waves,
And shoulder'd whip with its green-hide plat,
The driver plods with a gait like that
Of his weary, patient slaves.
He wipes his brow, for the day is hot,
And spits to the left with spite;
He shouts at "Balley," and flicks at " Scot,"
And raises dust from the back of " Spot,"
And spits to the dusty right.
He'll sometimes pause as a thing of form
In front of a lonely door,
And ask for a drink, and remark " 'Tis warm,"
Or say "There's signs of a thunder-storm;"
But he seldom utters more.
But, ah ! there are other scenes than these;
And, passing his lonely home,
For weeks together the bushman sees
The teams bogg'd down o'er the axletrees,
Or ploughing the sodden loam.
And then when the roads are at their, worst,
The bushman's children hear
The cruel blows of the whips revers'd
While bullocks pull as their hearts would burst,
And bellow with pain and fear.
And thus with little of joy or rest
Are the long, long journeys done;
And thus—'tis a cruel war at the best—
Is distance fought in the lonely west,
And the lonely battles won.

## Critical reception

In a review of the poet's collection *In the Days When the World Was Wide and Other Verses* a writer in *Freeman's Journal* (Sydney) stated that "If one piece were to be chosen as an example of Mr. Lawson's quality as a writer of true bush ballads, the best piece is 'The Teams'".

## Further publications

* *In the Days When the World was Wide and Other Verses* by Henry Lawson (1896)
* *The Children's Treasury of Australian Verse* edited by Bertram Stevens (1913)
* *Selected Poems of Henry Lawson* by Henry Lawson, Angus and Robertson, 1918
* *The Oxford Book of Australasian Verse* edited by Walter Murdoch (1924)
* *New Song in an Old Land* edited by Rex Ingamells (1943)
* *Favourite Australian Poems* edited by Ian Mudie (1963)
* *From the Ballads to Brennan* edited by T. Inglis Moore (1964)
* *Bards in the Wilderness : Australian Colonial Poetry to 1920* edited by Adrian Mitchell and Brian Elliott(1970)
* * *Poems of Henry Lawson* edited by Walter Stone, Ure Smith, 1973
* *The World of Henry Lawson* edited by Walter Stone, Hamlyn, 1974
* *The Collins Book of Australian Poetry* compiled by Rodney Hall (1981)
* *The Essential Henry Lawson : The Best Works of Australia's Greatest Writer* edited Brian Kiernan, Currey O'Neil, 1982
* *A Treasury of Colonial Poetry* (1982)
* *A Campfire Yarn : Henry Lawson Complete Works 1885-1900* edited by Leonard Cronin, Lansdowne, 1984
* *My Country : Australian Poetry and Short Stories, Two Hundred Years* edited by Leonie Kramer (1985)
* *Henry Lawson : An Illustrated Treasury* edited by Glenys Smith, Lansdowne, 1985
* *A Collection of Australian Bush Verse* (1989)
* *A Treasury of Bush Verse* by G. A. Wilkes (1991)
* *Australian Bush Poems* (1991)
* *Classic Australian Verse* edited by Maggie Pinkney (2001)

## InfoBox

| "The Teams" | |
| --- | --- |
| by Henry Lawson | |
| Illustration from original publication of "The Teams" | |
| Written | 1889 |
| First published in | *The Australian Town and Country Journal* |
| Country | Australia |
| Language | English |
| Publication date | 21 December 1889 |
| **Full text** | |
| The Teams (Lawson) at Wikisource | |


title: State Line Avenue

abstract: State Line Avenue is a north–south arterial road in Texarkana, United States. It follows approximately 11 miles (18 km) of the Texas-Arkansas state line, and divides the cities. The street's centerline does not follow the state boundary precisely, but the southbound lanes of State Line Avenue are located in Texarkana, Texas, and the northbound lanes are in Texarkana, Arkansas. State Line Avenue consists of two non-continuous portions, separated by a one-mile (1.6 km) gap directly south of the downtown area. State Line Avenue's southern terminus is at Broad Street, but until 1980 it terminated at Texarkana Union Station. At the west end of downtown, the "Texas Viaduct" carries traffic over a rail yard to South State Line Avenue. Approximately five miles (8.0 km) south of the viaduct the road veers eastward, becoming Miller County Road 28, en route to Pleasant Hill. From here, State Line Avenue continues north through downtown Texarkana, where the street splits apart and the traffic island in the middle is occupied by the city's U.S. Post Office and Federal Building, the only such building to be located in two states. One block north, State Line Avenue crosses US 67/US 71/US 82 and continues north carrying US 71, which intersects from the east only. Because Bowie County, Texas, is a dry county, several liquor stores line the Arkansas side of midtown State Line Avenue. Customers from Texas regularly cross the state line to purchase alcoholic beverages. State Line Road travels north carrying US 71, lined with retail outlets, for about three miles (4.8 km) more before intersecting I-30. Here, there is a concentration of hotels dominating all four quadrants of the interchange, with over a dozen different lodging chains being represented here. Also at this interchange, US 59 ends its 3.5 miles (5.6 km) concurrency with I-30 by exiting the freeway from the west and traveling north along State Line Avenue/US 71. Continuing north, State Line Avenue carries the US 59/US 71 concurrency until the Red River bridge.

text:
# State Line Avenue

**State Line Avenue** is a north–south arterial road in Texarkana, United States. It follows approximately 11 miles (18 km) of the Texas-Arkansas state line, and divides the cities. The street's centerline does not follow the state boundary precisely, but the southbound lanes of State Line Avenue are located in Texarkana, Texas (Bowie County), and the northbound lanes are in Texarkana, Arkansas (Miller County). State Line Avenue consists of two non-continuous portions, separated by a one-mile (1.6 km) gap directly south of the downtown area.

State Line Avenue's southern terminus is at Broad Street, but until 1980 it terminated at Texarkana Union Station. At the west end of downtown, the "Texas Viaduct" carries traffic over a rail yard to South State Line Avenue. Approximately five miles (8.0 km) south of the viaduct the road veers eastward, becoming Miller County Road 28, en route to Pleasant Hill.

From here, State Line Avenue continues north through downtown Texarkana, where the street splits apart and the traffic island in the middle is occupied by the city's U.S. Post Office and Federal Building, the only such building to be located in two states. One block north, State Line Avenue crosses US 67/US 71/US 82 and continues north carrying US 71, which intersects from the east only.

Because Bowie County, Texas, is a dry county, several liquor stores line the Arkansas side of midtown State Line Avenue. Customers from Texas regularly cross the state line to purchase alcoholic beverages. State Line Road travels north carrying US 71, lined with retail outlets, for about three miles (4.8 km) more before intersecting I-30. Here, there is a concentration of hotels dominating all four quadrants of the interchange, with over a dozen different lodging chains being represented here. Also at this interchange, US 59 ends its 3.5 miles (5.6 km) concurrency with I-30 by exiting the freeway from the west and traveling north along State Line Avenue/US 71.

Continuing north, State Line Avenue carries the US 59/US 71 concurrency until the Red River bridge.

## Destinations

| Texas | | | Arkansas | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Denison | | Red River | | Fulton | |
| ← Northridge Country Club | | Lakeridge Dr. | Sugar Hill Road | AR 296 | AR 296 → | |
| Aledo |
I-30 west | Interstate 30 | |
I-30 east | North Little Rock |
| Laredo |
US 59 south | |  | |
| ← Loop 14 |
Loop 14 south | Texas Blvd | Arkansas Blvd | Texarkana Regional Airport | |
| Presidio |
US 67 south | Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd/
East 7th Street | |
US 67 north | Sabula |
| Alamogordo |
US 82 west | |
US 71 south | Krotz Springs |
|  | | |
US 82 east | Brunswick |
| ← Loop 151 to US 59 |

Loop 151 north to US 59 / I-369 | The Loop | |
I-49 north | I-49 → |


title: Tom Evans (Victorian politician)

abstract: Alexander Thomas Evans was an Australian politician. He was born in Creswick and attended Smeaton State School and Ballarat High School before entering the family business, then becoming a trainee manager at Woolworths. He joined the Liberal Party in 1946, and was a Creswick Shire Councillor from 1956–62. He married Dawn Sim on 11 July 1970. In 1960 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the member for Ballarat North. He served as a backbencher until his retirement in 1988.

text:
# Tom Evans (Victorian politician)

**Alexander Thomas Evans** (14 February 1917  30 August 2009) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Creswick and attended Smeaton State School and Ballarat High School before entering the family business, then becoming a trainee manager at Woolworths. He joined the Liberal Party in 1946, and was a Creswick Shire Councillor from 1956–62. He married Dawn Sim on 11 July 1970.

In 1960 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the member for Ballarat North. He served as a backbencher until his retirement in 1988.


title: Sino-Japanese

abstract:
Sino-Japanese is often used to mean:
  - Sino-Japanese vocabulary: That portion of the Japanese vocabulary that is of Chinese origin or makes use of morphemes of Chinese origin.
  - Kanbun: A Japanese method of reading annotated Classical Chinese in translation; writing with literary Chinese for Japanese readers.
  - The on'yomi or 'Chinese reading' of Chinese characters in Japanese. "Sino-Japanese" is also used to refer to that which occurs between China and Japan, such as:
  - The First Sino-Japanese War between 1894 and 1895, primarily over control of Korea.
  - The Second Sino-Japanese War between 1937 and 1945, from 1941 on as part of World War II
  - Sino-Japanese relations
  - Sino-Japanese Journalist Exchange Agreement
  - Chinese people in Japan
  - Japanese Chinese cuisine, the style of Chinese cuisine served by Chinese in Japan
  - Japanese people settled in China, and/or their descendants
  - Japanese orphans in China
  - People of mixed Chinese and Japanese descent

text:
# Sino-Japanese

**Sino-Japanese** is often used to mean:

* Sino-Japanese vocabulary: That portion of the Japanese vocabulary that is of Chinese origin or makes use of morphemes of Chinese origin (similar to the use of Latin/Greek in English).
* Kanbun: A Japanese method of reading annotated Classical Chinese in translation; writing with literary Chinese for Japanese readers.
* The *on'yomi* or 'Chinese reading' of Chinese characters in Japanese.

"Sino-Japanese" is also used to refer to that which occurs between China and Japan, such as:


title: Spencer H. Curtis

abstract: Spencer Henry Curtis was an English merchant, associated with companies that traded with the West Indies.

text:
# Spencer H. Curtis

**Spencer Henry Curtis** (11 July 1833  26 February 1913) was an English merchant, associated with companies that traded with the West Indies.

## Early life and family

Curtis was born on 11 July, 1833, the son of Charles Berwick Curtis, of 105 Eaton Square, London.

On 17 August, 1864, Curtis married Margaret Tupper Carey, eldest daughter of De Vic Carey, of Guernsey, at St Martin's Parish Church, Guernsey. Her brother, the sea captain Charles James Carey, died at Curtis's former home, Totteridge House in north London, in 1891.

## Career

Curtis began his career in the City of London around 1854, with the firm of Bosanquet & Madden, a firm of West Indian merchants, with interests in British Guiana and Jamaica. In 1801, upon the retirement of Bosanquet senior, he became a partner. The firm was subsequently called Hogg, Curtis, Campbell, and Co., and, then Curtis, Campbell, and Co.

For over 45 years, Curtis was a director of the Colonial Bank, an institution with extensive trading interests in the West Indies. In 1878, he became a director of the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, which was originally formed to conduct the mail service of the West Indies. He was also a director of the Indemnity Marine Assurance Company and a member of the Executive and treasurer of the West India Committee.

In May 1881, not long after Mary Seacole's death, Curtis wrote to the editor of *The Times*, asking that Mary's sister in Jamaica be remembered as she had fallen into near poverty after being too generous with her money.

## Official appointments

Curtis was a magistrate for Hertfordshire and Middlesex.

## Death

Curtis died from heart failure at 24 Longridge Road, London, on 26 February, 1913.

## InfoBox

| Spencer Henry Curtis | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1833-07-11)11 July 1833
Eaton Square, London, England |
| Died | 26 February 1913(1913-02-26) (aged 79)
Earl's Court, London, England |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation | Merchant |
| Spouse | Margaret Tupper Carey  (m. 1864; died 1899) |


title: Smash-Up on Interstate 5

abstract: Smash-Up on Interstate 5 is a 1976 American made-for-television disaster film directed by John Llewellyn Moxey. Loosely based on the novel Expressway written by Trevor Dudley-Smith under the pseudonym Howard North, the film chronicles the aftermath of a 39-car smash-up in California. The Highway Patrol Office used in the film is California Highway Patrol Office 575 located at 2130 Windsor Avenue, Altadena, California 91001.

text:
# Smash-Up on Interstate 5

***Smash-Up on Interstate 5*** is a 1976 American made-for-television disaster film directed by John Llewellyn Moxey. Loosely based on the novel *Expressway* written by Trevor Dudley-Smith under the pseudonym Howard North, the film chronicles the aftermath of a 39-car smash-up in California. The Highway Patrol Office used in the film is California Highway Patrol Office 575 located at 2130 Windsor Avenue, Altadena, California 91001.

## Plot

The film is set on Interstate 5 in California on the date of July 4, 24 hours before the summer vacation will officially commence. From the beginning, California Highway Patrol sergeant Sam Marcum (Robert Conrad) announces in a voice-over that a 39-car smash-up will be the cause of 62 injured people and fourteen deaths. A selection of the people involved are followed up to 48 hours preceding the accident. Other than Sam, who is chasing the murderer of his colleague on the highway, the film focuses on the elderly couple Al and June Pearson (Buddy Ebsen and Harriet Nelson), who are setting out to a beach resort to forget the fact that June is suffering from a terminal disease. Meanwhile, a woman named Erica (Vera Miles) is troubled by a gang of bikers including rebellious Burnsey (Sue Lyon), when she is rescued by young Dale (David Groh). In other sub-plots, Lee Bassett (Scott Jacoby) becomes a murder suspect when he is forced to pick up a young couple on the run, Penny and Pete (Bonnie Ebsen and George O'Hanlon, Jr.). Laureen (Donna Mills), a nurse with feelings for Sam, struggles with doubts of marrying him. Barbara Hutton (Sian Barbara Allen), a young mother, is panicked when she finds her husband Jimmy (Tommy Lee Jones), an officer, shot. All these stories come together when a massive car crash changes their lives for good.

43 hours before the accident, Erica meets with her colleague Trudy (Terry Moore) at a sleazy bar, where she is introduced to a free-spirited life style. She is picked up by a doctor, Danny (Herb Edelman), but leaves the bar without him, despite his attempts to flirt with her. Meanwhile, Penny and Pete rob a gas station, and a gunfight leaves Pete injured, and the gas station owner shot. Seventeen hours later, they steal a car and force the owner, Lee Bassett, to drive under gunpoint. Nearby, Sergeant Marcum holds a truck for speeding, driven by Randy (Barry Hamilton), and issues a warning to the owner, who is in the back having intercourse with a woman (Cindy Daly).

Two hours later, Erica is phoned by Danny, who is warning her that he will come over. To flee the home, Erica calls her daughter Susie, asking her if she can come over in Los Angeles. Meanwhile, Pete shoots Officer Hutton when he attempts to hold him and Penny and Lee over. Unbeknownst to Pete, Hutton's wife Barbara has just got into labor and requests Jimmy's presence. Laureen, who assists the birth, is bothered by Sam yet again. She tries to explain that she does not want to marry a man with a dangerous job, considering her wish to start a happy family. The discussion is interrupted by the news of Jimmy's death, leaving Barbara heartbroken. Back at the car with the fugitive couple, Lee is able to steal Pete's gun due to Pete's severe injuries, and leaves only to steal another car, afraid that the police will account him as an accessory to murder because of his past as a criminal. Penny, who does not know Pete very well, convinces Lee to take her with him.

Sometime later, a group of bikers start to harass Erica on the road. Medical school drop-out and truck driver Dale witnesses the situation and starts a fight, which lasts until the bikers hear police sirens. The police, though, are more occupied with Lee's car, which they find with Pete's now lifeless body in it. At the beach house, June enjoys and appreciates her husband's presence, though secretly suffers from her disease and refuses to take her medicine. Instead, she walks into the ocean and attempts to drown herself, only to be rescued by her husband.

Just over 15 hours before the accident, Erica grows accustomed to Dale and spends the night with him in a motel, even though she has some doubts about his young age. Nearby, romance also blossoms between Lee and Penny when she tells him about her troubled childhood. The following morning, only an hour before the smash-up, June tries to explain her suicide attempt, while Erica breaks up with Dale, afraid of commitment. Dale initially accepts the situation and drives off, but soon makes a U-turn to follow Erica, declaring his love to her from his car. Meanwhile, Sergeant Marcum is informed which van fugitive Lee and Penny are driving and starts a massive chase. The smash-up soon ensues, killing Lee, Penny, Al, and Burnsey's biker boyfriend Andy (Joel Parks), and badly injuring Dale. When Laureen arrives at the scene, she realizes how much she cares for Sam and they reconcile while taking care of the injured people.

## Cast

## Reception

It was sixth-most popular prime time television program in the United States in the week of its debut.

## InfoBox

| *Smash-Up on Interstate 5* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Drama |
| Based on | *Expressway*
by Trevor Dudley-Smith |
| Written by | Eugene Price
Robert Presnell Jr. |
| Directed by | John Llewellyn Moxey |
| Starring | Robert Conrad
Sian Barbara Allen
Buddy Ebsen
Vera Miles |
| Music by | Bill Conti |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Edward S. Feldman |
| Producer | Roger Lewis |
| Production locations | Interstate 210, La Crescenta, California |
| Cinematography | John M. Nickolaus Jr. |
| Editor | John A. Martinelli |
| Running time | 100 minutes |
| Production company | Filmways Television |
| Original release | |
| Network | ABC |
| Release | December 3, 1976 (1976-12-03) |


title: Dragon and Liberator

abstract: Dragon and Liberator is the final book of Timothy Zahn's Dragonback series. It is divided into two sub-plots: one depicting Jack and sidekick Draycos opposing the criminal alliance intent on rendering Draycos's species extinct, and the other depicting Alison and her partner Taneem in captivity. Both sub-plots occur largely on faster-than-light spaceships en route to an unidentified destination.

text:
# Dragon and Liberator

***Dragon and Liberator*** is the final book of Timothy Zahn's Dragonback series. It is divided into two sub-plots: one depicting Jack (a former burglar, 14 years old) and sidekick Draycos (a dragon-like entity periodically assuming two-dimensional form upon Jack's skin) opposing the criminal alliance intent on rendering Draycos's species extinct, and the other depicting Alison (an industrial spy of Jack's age) and her partner Taneem (a female of Draycos's species) in captivity. Both sub-plots occur largely on faster-than-light spaceships *en route* to an unidentified destination.

## Publication history

The novel was first published in 2008 by Tom Doherty and Associates, New York.

## Plot

Attempting to learn the location in space at which their enemies plan to destroy Draycos's compatriots and their humanoid symbionts, the Shontine people, Alison and Taneem are attacked and conceal themselves in the safe containing the location's record. Jack, trying to rescue them, is imprisoned for vehicle theft. He is rescued by the soldier Harper (sometime bodyguard to industrialist Cornelius Braxton, apparent in the first book of the series). In the safe, Alison speculates that Taneem and Draycos's ancestors were genetically engineered on Earth, by ancient astronauts or a lost civilization, to accompany humans; this becomes important later in the book. Having escaped the safe aboard an interstellar spacecraft, Alison and Taneem spy on their enemies and attempt minor sabotage of relations among the same. On the (fictional) planet Bentren, Jack and Draycos capture a spacecraft purchased by their enemies and therein infiltrate the hostile fleet, to sabotage the mission itself––chiefly by destroying the enemy's supreme weapon, located aboard the principal spacecraft. The weapon, called simply the Death, is described as a 'vibration of space' capable of penetrating all physical barriers and of instantaneously annulling its target's entire metabolism. Meanwhile, Harper, having ingratiated himself with the enemies' commanders, assists Taneem in espionage on them. Jack and Draycos, in turn, are assisted by Jonathan Langston, another soldier introduced in the previous book, *Dragon and Judge*. To delay and distract the enemy, Alison sabotages one of their spacecraft and presents herself to their leaders Col. Frost and Arthur Neverlin as the daughter of General Aram Davi, founder of the mercenary organization to which Frost belongs, while Harper shelters Taneem. When the mercenaries begin their attack on Draycos's people, Harper carries out a kamikaze strike in hope of exposing the Death to its intended victims; although this fails, Jack and Draycos re-create his attempt. Having unexpectedly survived, as the symbiosis of human and K'da (the name given, throughout the series, to Draycos's species) renders both immune to the Death, they transmit warnings to the friendly fleets including both the Shontine/K'da and Cornelius Braxton's own army (invited by Harper), which overcome Frost and Neverlin's forces. Alison is thereafter identified as Braxton's granddaughter, and Jack appointed Braxton's liaison to the K'da and Shontine.


title: State Line, St. Joseph County, Indiana

abstract: State Line is an unincorporated community in Clay Township, St. Joseph County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The community is close to the state border between Indiana and Michigan, and is part of the South Bend–Mishawaka IN-MI, Metropolitan Statistical Area.

text:
# State Line, St. Joseph County, Indiana

**State Line** is an unincorporated community in Clay Township, St. Joseph County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

The community is close to the state border between Indiana and Michigan, and is part of the South BendMishawaka IN-MI, Metropolitan Statistical Area.

1. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: State Line, St. Joseph County, Indiana

## InfoBox

| State Line | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| State LineState Line | |
| Coordinates: 41°45′30″N 86°15′15″W / 41.75833°N 86.25417°W / 41.75833; -86.25417 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Indiana |
| County | St. Joseph |
| Township | Clay |
| Elevation | 719 ft (219 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 46637 |
| Area code | 574 |
| GNIS feature ID | 452857 |


title: Tomaž Bolčina

abstract: Tomaž Bolčina is a Slovenian professional basketball player who last played for KK Skrljevo. He is a 2.08 m tall Center.

text:
# Tomaž Bolčina

**Tomaž Bolčina** (born January 6, 1994, in Šempeter pri Gorici, Slovenia) is a Slovenian professional basketball player who last played for KK Skrljevo. He is a 2.08 m tall Center.

## InfoBox

Tomaž Bolčina
| Free Agent | |
| --- | --- |
| Position | Center |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1994-01-06) January 6, 1994<br>Šempeter pri Gorici, Slovenia |
| Nationality | Slovenian |
| Listed height | 2.08 m (6 ft 10 in) |
| Career information | |
| Playing career | 2011–present |
| Career history | |
| 2011–2012 | Helios Domžale |
| 2012–2015 | Krka Novo mesto |
| 2013–2014 | Krka mladi |
| 2015c2016 | Tajfun Šentjur |
| 2016–2017 | Helios Suns |
| 2017–2018 | Šentjur |
| 2019 | Adria Oil Škrljevo |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: South-West News

abstract: The South-West News is a suburban newspaper published in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is one of 16 suburban newspapers published in Brisbane and surrounding areas by Quest Newspapers which is owned by News Corporation. It was published as a weekly newspaper since 1985 and was delivered free to homes in the target group of suburbs and depends on advertising from mostly local businesses for its income. In 2020, it became an online newspaper only.

text:
# South-West News

The ***South-West News*** is a suburban newspaper published in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is one of 16 suburban newspapers published in Brisbane and surrounding areas by Quest Newspapers which is owned by News Corporation.

It was published as a weekly newspaper since 1985 and was delivered free to homes in the target group of suburbs and depends on advertising from mostly local businesses for its income. In 2020, it became an online newspaper only.

## InfoBox

South-West News
| Owner(s) | News Corporation |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1985 |
| Headquarters | Brisbane, Queensland |


title: Fei Ye

abstract: Fei Ye is a Chinese poet who was also involved in the Chinese democracy movement. Although often associated with the Misty Poets, he considers himself of a younger generation and dismisses the label. Fei has published four underground books of poetry and translated two books of Russian poetry, including the work of Osip Mandelstam. He lives in the United States after being exiled from China.

text:
# Fei Ye

**Fei Ye** (Chinese: 菲野; born 1962) is a Chinese poet who was also involved in the Chinese democracy movement. Although often associated with the Misty Poets, he considers himself of a younger generation and dismisses the label. Fei has published four underground books of poetry and translated two books of Russian poetry, including the work of Osip Mandelstam. He lives in the United States after being exiled from China.

## Biography

He was born in Harbin, Heilongjiang (Black Dragon River) in the northernmost province of China.

Fei began editing the banned literary journal *Lone Army*. He was arrested in 1983 when a Communist Party loyalist had spotted him editing in a classroom in Harbin.

Fei fled China in 1987 with the help of the American Embassy. As an exile, he moved to Berkeley, California. In 1989, he founded the organization "Chinese Writers in Exile" in Berkeley. Fei Ye's poems *The Curse* and *The Poet in America* were written while in America.

## InfoBox

| Fei Ye | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1962<br>Harbin, Heilongjiang, China |
| Occupation | Writer |


abstract: The Sino-Japanese Journalist Exchange Agreement is a term that collectively refers to several agreements for a journalist exchange between China and Japan.

text:
# Sino-Japanese Journalist Exchange Agreement

The **Sino-Japanese Journalist Exchange Agreement** is a term that collectively refers to several agreements for a journalist exchange between China and Japan.

## 1964 Memorandum of Agreement

Liao Chengzhi (廖承志, a son of Liao Zhongkai), the president of the Sino-Japanese Friendship Society, and Tatsunosuke Takasaki (高碕達之助), a Japanese politician, worked together on the LT Trade Agreement, (Chinese: 发展民间贸易备忘录 or LT贸易, Japanese: 日中総合貿易に関する覚書). Both sides signed the memorandum regarding trade on November 9, 1962. The members of both the Liao Chengzhi Office and the Tatsunosuke Takasaki Office held a meeting regarding journalism between China and Japan. The delegates for the meeting were Liao and Japanese Diet member Kenzō Matsumura (松村謙三).

On April 19, 1964, both countries reached a consensus for the establishment of a trade liaison office and the exchange of journalists.

Attendees of this meeting were:

* For China - Liao Chengzhi (廖承志), Sun Pinghua (孫平化), Wang Xiaoyun (王暁雲).
* For Japan - Kenzō Matsumura (松村謙三), Yutaro Takeyama (竹山祐太郎), Kaheita Okazaki (岡崎嘉平太), Yoshimi Hurui (古井喜実), Tadaharu Okubo (大久保任晴).

The memorandum of the meeting regarding journalist exchange was as follows:

1. Based on the results of the meeting between Liao Chengzhi and Kenzō Matsumura, both China and Japan created the exchange of journalists. 2. Matters pertaining to the journalist exchange, including entry formalities, will be communicated and processed via the Liao Chengzhi Office and the Tatsunosuke Takasaki Office. 3. The number of journalists exchanged will be up to eight (8) persons from each country. Each newspaper company, press news agency, broadcasting network, and television network will provide one journalist. If necessary, depending on the situation, both parties can modify the number of journalists. 4. The first exchange of newspaper journalists will be achieved by the end of June 1964. 5. Both parties will send journalists at the same time. 6. The duration of the journalists' one time stay in the counterpart country will be up to a year. 7. Both parties will insure the safety of the other country's journalists. 8. Both parties will offer facilities for news gathering activities for the other country's journalists. 9. Journalists of both countries will abide by the administrative provisions for foreign journalists in the resident country, receiving fair treatment that each country gives foreign journalists. 10. Both parties will guarantee the freedom of communication of the other country's journalists. 11. If either country encounters any problem in the implementation of this agreement, the Liao Chengzhi Office and the Tatsunosuke Takasaki Office will jointly resolve the problem. 12. The memorandum of this meeting will be made available in Chinese and in Japanese, and the documents will be equivalent in effect. The Liao Chengzhi Office and the Tatsunosuke Takasaki Office will keep copies of the memorandum in both languages on hand. Appendix: The five basic principles regarding friendship, on which Zhou Enlai and Kenzō Matsumura reached a consensus previously, will be ascertained in the Matsumura - Liao Chengzhi meeting and both countries will exchange journalists based on these principles. These are to honor each country's position and keep its rules, even though both countries are different in political doctrine.

## 1968 Amendment

On March 6, 1968, *Sino-Japanese Memorandum Trade Meeting Communique* (Chinese; 中日备忘录贸易会谈公报, Japanese; 日中覚書貿易会談コミュニケ) was issued and both parties agreed to institutionalize the *Memorandum Trade* (MT贸易 or 覚書貿易 ) in lieu of *Liao-Takasaki Agreement* (LT贸易).

In the agreement, both countries state;

"中国方面指出，在中日关系包括我们之间的关系上所存在的障碍，是由于美帝国主义和日本当局推行敌视中国的政策所造成的。 日本方面对于中国方面的立场表示深为理解，并表示今后要为排除这种障碍，促进中日关系正常化，做出进一步的努力。 中国方面再次强调坚持中日关系的政治三原则和政治、经济不可分的原则。日本方面表示同意。双方认为，政治、经济不可分的原则，就是政治和经济是不可分割的，是相互联系、相互促进的，政治关系的改善，才有助于经济关系的发展。" "China pointed out that the impediment existing in the relationship between China and Japan, including between meeting members', resulted from American imperialism and their hostile policy toward China which Japan supported. Japan stated Japan expresses deep understanding of China's position, but put aside such barrier from now, and facilitate more effort in normalizing relations between China and Japan. China emphasized the desire to maintain *Three politic principles* (政治三原则) and *The Inseparable Principle of Politics and Economics* in the relationship between China and Japan. Japan agreed. Both countries recognized the idea that *The Inseparable Principle of Politics and Economics* is that politics and economics are inseparable, relating to and facilitating each other, and the improvement in political relationship contributes to the development of the economical relationship."

On the same day, a meeting to amend the memorandum regarding Sino-Japanese Journalist Exchange Agreement was also arranged.

1 Both parties correspondingly confirmed that the mutual exchange of journalists on the basis of the memorandum regarding journalist exchange was that both countries follow the principle which is indicated in the *Meeting Communique* announced on March 6, 1968 and it will enhance the mutual understanding and friendship between Japan and China. 2 Both parties correspondingly agreed to amend the number of journalist exchanged, which is stipulated in the paragraph 3 of the memorandum regarding journalist exchange, from *within eight persons from each country* to *within five persons from each country*. 3 This arrangement will be the supplement and amendment for the memorandum regarding journalist exchange and have an equivalent effect. 4 This arrangement will be documented in Chinese and in Japanese, and the documents in both languages will be equivalent in effect. Japan-China Memorandum Trade Office (日中覚書貿易事務所; Japan) and Sino-Japanese Memorandum Trade Office (中日備忘録貿易弁事処; China) will keep the memorandum with one in Chinese and one in Japanese together. March 6, 1968, Beijing

## Three politic principles

The *Three politic principles* (政治三原则) appear in the *Sino-Japanese Memorandum Trade Meeting Communique* of 1968 are the long-held diplomatic principle which China have often asserted since Liao Chengzhi (廖承志) made a point as the government's official view on Zhou Enlai's (周恩来) behalf when Tadataka Sata (佐多忠隆), Japanese diet member, visited China on August 29, 1958.

According to *Zhou Enlai's talk regarding trade between Japan and China* (周恩来会见日中贸易促进会专务理事铃木一雄时的谈话) in 1960, *Three politic principles* will be as follows.

第一，日本政府不能敌视中国。 第二，不能追随美国，搞“两个中国”的阴谋，美国这样做，日本追随，我们当然反对。 第三，不要阻碍中日两国关系向正常化方向发展。 1 Japanese government shall not take a hostile view toward China. 2 Japan shall not follow the United States and the conspiracy of creating *two Chinas* which the United States contrives. We definitely disagree with Japan's subservience. 3 The development of and the normalization of bilateral relations between China and Japan will not be interfered.

The compliance for these three points were discussed in the meeting for *Memorandum Trade* (MT贸易).

## Press restraints

Joint Communique of Japan and the People's Republic of China was signed in Beijing on September 29, 1972. This established diplomatic relations and made substantial progress in the relationship between China and Japan. On January 5, 1974, *China-Japan Trade Agreement* (中华人民共和国和日本国贸易协定 or 中日貿易協定) was signed in Beijing. On the same day, *Memorandum Regarding Japan-China Continuous Journalist Exchange* (日中常駐記者交換に関する覚書) was also exchanged.

The *Three political principles* still exist. Each Japanese media organization, which sends correspondent to China, is required to agree with the contents of the statement in the documents regarding journalist exchange. This virtually means the journalists are banned from writing a press report that takes a hostile view toward China.

## Deportation proceedings

As world media has reported that, China restricts the information of foreign media, that the government assumes is illegal, and gives a deportation order for the journalists and the people who work for the foreign press, include Japanese journalists.

### Footnotes

### Sources

* 中日经贸关系六十年 (1945–2005) April 1, 2006 ISBN 7-80688-220-0 (Chinese)
* 日本外交主要文書・年表 第2巻 January, 1984 ISBN 4-562-01445-8 (Japanese)

## Further reading

* Itoh, Mayumi (2012). *Pioneers of Sino-Japanese Relations: Liao and Takasaki*. Palgrave-MacMillan. ISBN 978-1-137-02734-4.

## InfoBox

| Sino-Japanese Journalist Exchange Agreement | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Simplified Chinese | 互换记者的会谈纪要 |
| Traditional Chinese | 互換記者的會談紀要 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Hùhuàn Jìzhě de Huìtán Jìyào | |
| Japanese name | |
| Kanji | 日中記者交換協定 |
|  | |


title: BotCon

abstract: BotCon, briefly known as "The Official Transformers Collectors' Convention", is an annual convention for Transformers fans and collectors. BotCon has been held annually since 1994. BotCon is a syllabic abbreviation for "Robot Convention" but also refers to "Autobot" and "Decepticon", the protagonist and antagonist robot factions in the many continuities in the Transformers franchise. Featured BotCon guests are usually involved in the creation of Transformers media in some respect, whether as voice actors from the animated series, artists or writers from the comic books, or actual Hasbro employees. Fun Publications has held the convention for a number of years, with 2016 being its final year. It was replaced by the now defunct HasCon, Hasbro's own convention, in 2017.

text:
# BotCon

**BotCon**, briefly known as "The Official Transformers Collectors' Convention" (or OTFCC), is an annual convention for Transformers fans and collectors. BotCon has been held annually since 1994. BotCon is a syllabic abbreviation for "Robot Convention" but also refers to "Autobot" and "Decepticon", the protagonist and antagonist robot factions in the many continuities in the Transformers franchise.

Featured BotCon guests are usually involved in the creation of Transformers media in some respect, whether as voice actors from the animated series, artists or writers from the comic books, or actual Hasbro employees. Fun Publications has held the convention for a number of years, with 2016 being its final year. It was replaced by the now defunct HasCon, Hasbro's own convention, in 2017.

## History

The first BotCon was held in Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States in 1994. Organized by brothers Jon and Karl Hartman, the convention had 180 attendees. BotCon was organized in 1995 by Raksha, a prominent figure in the fan community, and in 1996 by Men In Black Productions, headed up by Dennis Barger. In 1997, the Hartmans brought Glen Hallit, a fellow fan, into the fold, forming 3H Enterprises (based on the first letter of the organizers' last names).

In 1999, BotCon Europe took place in Clapham Common, Wandsworth, South West London, England.

At BotCon 2002, Hallit announced that 3H had secured the official Transformers convention license, as well as licenses to produce comic books and start a fan club. Shortly thereafter, the Hartmans were removed from their organizational duties, leaving Glen Hallit as the sole organizer of the new company, 3H Productions, Inc.

In the winter of 2002, 3H sought to expand to Europe, holding an official European convention in Cheshunt, UK. However, the event, which was held in conjunction with the main BotCon 2002 in the US, had much less advertising and the registration did not open until a couple of weeks before the convention. Since the attendance at the European BotCon had been much smaller than the main show that summer, 3H decided it was too much work to hold two separate conventions, and officially announced that they would never hold BotCon outside the US again.

In 2003, the convention changed its name to "The Official Transformers Collectors' Convention" (OTFCC), due to the Hartmans' ownership of the BotCon service mark. The fandom held dueling conventions in 2004, as 3H held OTFCC in Chicago, Illinois, while the Hartman brothers revived the BotCon name for their final convention in Pasadena, California. That fall, 3H Productions lost all of its Transformers-related licenses, leaving the convention in a state of limbo.

In early January 2005, Hasbro announced on its official website that Fun Publications, owned by Brian Savage, had been awarded the convention and fan club licenses. The Hartman brothers and prominent fans Pete Sinclair, Benson Yee, and Rik Alvarez were invited to form an advisory council to help ease the transition of organizing the convention for the new owners. Once the Hartmans' service mark was transferred to Fun Publications, BotCon regained its status of being the official Transformers collectors' convention.

On February 2, 2020, people started to observe new activity on the official BotCon website. On February 3, 2020, Karl Hartman announced BotCon 2021. In a post on the Official BotCon Facebook page, Hartman said, "The story of BotCon is not over. It just has a new chapter. On behalf of myself, Bret Lovell, Andrew Hall and the rest of the BC Productions crew, I am honored and humbled to announce: BotCon 2021".

Over the years, BotCon has featured many individuals who have worked to bring the Transformers multiverse to life, including voice actors, animation staff, and Hasbro design team members.

BotCon returned in 2022 under new ownership (Agabyss), with a brand new convention in Nashville. The return of the convention on August 26, 2022, marks a new era for the once official transformers convention. While Transformers are still the main focus, the convention will also embrace other properties that many in the fandom already enjoy. (see botcon.com)

## Transformers Hall of Fame

At the 2010 BotCon, Hasbro introduced a "Hall of Fame" awards ceremony to commemorate the people and characters of the franchise. Hasbro selected the first four robot inductees, while fans worldwide voted for the fifth. In the end, Dinobot from *Beast Wars: Transformers* won the votes. Among the human inductees were Bob Budiansky for helping create the franchise through comics and personality profiles, Peter Cullen for giving Optimus Prime his voice, and Hideaki Yoke and Kohjin Ohno of Takara Tomy for creating many of the franchise's toys.

For 2011, Steven Spielberg and Michael Bay were inducted for the success of the *Transformers* live-action film franchise.

In 2012, the first posthumous award was given to voice actor Chris Latta, who died in 1994. Wheeljack, one of the characters he voiced in the original series, was selected as the Fan's Choice recipient.

## Exclusive toys

One of BotCon's most popular features is the exclusive toys made available to the attendees. The toys are different every year and are not retailed anywhere in the world. The number of exclusive toys increased significantly in 2005 after Fun Publications became the official license holder of the convention. The identities and designs of the toys were originally kept a close secret until the opening of the convention, but in the later years of the convention the organizers often chose to reveal one or more of the exclusives ahead of time due to repeated problems with stolen prototypes being sold on eBay. In 2008, organizer Brian Savage ordered all eBay users selling these prototypes to return them to their rightful owners.

Although the toys are always unique, financial costs prohibit the creation of entirely new molds. As such, the toys are redecos or repaints of previously used toys given new identities, occasionally switching allegiances and even gender. Beginning in 2003, some of the exclusives were given new, retooled heads to further differentiate the new characters from previous uses of a mold. As the number of exclusives offered at each convention grew, so did the number of retooled parts. Since then, it has been standard practice to produce three or four newly tooled heads (or other parts such as wings in the case of 2007) for each BotCon. After the convention, exclusive toys usually become valuable collector's items in the community, particularly among fans who missed the convention.

The Transformers Collector's Club also releases exclusive figures, which are also remolds and repaints of regular *Transformers* figures.

## InfoBox

| BotCon | |
| --- | --- |
| Status | Active |
| Genre | Transformers |
| Inaugurated | 1994 |
| Most recent | 2023 |
| Organized by | Agabyss Enterprises LLC |
| Filing status | Private company |
| Website | http://www.botcon.com/ |


title: Spencer Gulf Shelf Province

abstract: The Spencer Gulf Shelf Province, also known as the South Australian Gulfs marine ecoregion, is a biogeographic region of Australia's continental shelf and coastal waters. It includes the warm temperate coastal waters of South Australia's central coast. It is a provincial bioregion in the Integrated Marine and Coastal Regionalisation of Australia (IMCRA) system.

text:
# Spencer Gulf Shelf Province

The **Spencer Gulf Shelf Province**, also known as the **South Australian Gulfs** marine ecoregion, is a biogeographic region of Australia's continental shelf and coastal waters. It includes the warm temperate coastal waters of South Australia's central coast. It is a provincial bioregion in the Integrated Marine and Coastal Regionalisation of Australia (IMCRA) system.

## Geography

The Spencer Gulf Shelf Province includes the warm temperate coastal waters and continental shelf of the eastern Great Australian Bight, Spencer Gulf and St Vincent Gulf, the waters around Kangaroo Island, and the Coorong coast. It extends from Point Brown in the west to Cape Jaffa in the east, and out to the edge of the continental shelf. It bounded on the west by the Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition, and to the east by the Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition.

The bioregion is influenced by the warm Leeuwin Current, which runs eastwards along the coast. Stretches of coast facing the open ocean, particularly along the west coast of the Eyre Peninsula and at the 'Kangaroo Island Pool' south of Kangaroo Island, experience cold-water upwelling during the summer months, known as the Great South Australian Coastal Upwelling System.

The Spencer and St Vincent gulfs are largely enclosed by semi-arid land with little freshwater inflow, resulting in hypersaline waters and subtropical water temperatures.

### Meso-scale bioregions

The IMCRA identifies five meso-scale bioregions that make up the province:

In version 3.3 of the IMCRA, the province was known as Gulfs Province, and Coorong bioregion was included in the neighboring Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition. Version 4.0 renamed the province Spencer Gulf Shelf and added Coorong.

## Ecology

The biota of the province is characterised by warm temperate species, many of which range westwards across the Bight into Southwest Australia. Some cool-temperate species characteristic of the Bass Strait and Tasmania reach the western extent of their range here. The gulfs, which are hypersaline and warmer than the surrounding waters, are refugia for some subtropical and endemic species.

New Zealand fur seals (*Arctocephalus forsteri*) feed on pelagic fish near the shelf break, and have breeding colonies on the Neptune Islands and Liguanea Island. Australian sea lions (*Neophoca cinerea*) have breeding colonies on Little Waldegrave Island, Olive Island, Seal Bay on Kangaroo Island, and Dangerous Reef in Spencer Gulf. The seasonal upwelling of nutrient-rich water along the western Eyre Peninsula and at the Kangaroo Island Pool nurtures plankton, krill, and fish, which provide food for dolphins, Australian little penguins (*Eudyptula novaehollandiae*), and blue whales (*Balaenoptera musculus*).