title: Edward Langtry

abstract: Edward Langtry (1847–1897) married Emilie Charlotte Le Breton on the island of Jersey in 1874. She later took to the stage as actress Lillie Langtry, and became involved in a relationship with Edward, Prince of Wales. Langtry and his wife eventually separated and she obtained a divorce in 1897. Langtry died from a brain haemorrhage in the same year after a fall during a steamer crossing from Belfast to Liverpool. There have been numerous biographies about Lillie Langtry, but little has been written about her first husband Edward (Ned) Langtry. What has been written often paints him in a negative light. He has been referred to as "a colourless sportsman"; "a pudgy chap, his weak mouth overhung with a walrus moustache, and his conversation powers were limited"; "petulantly determined on his own importance......he was weak and indolent and also, surprisingly shy"; "a meek, weak husband and no money"; "uneasily complaisant husband". If these descriptions are accurate, it is difficult to understand why a woman as gifted as Lillie would marry a man with such shortcomings. In her memoirs The Days I Knew she explains that Edward Langtry was an extremely shy person, and had spent his life since leaving Oxford in outdoor country sports. In London he felt "quite like a fish out of water" and this may explain his difficulty in conversation and his lack of social grace, and possibly why so many people had such a poor opinion of him. In 1877 Edward and Lillie spent a month in the Perth area of Scotland as the guests of Effie and John Everett Millais. It was here that Edward was at his most relaxed, salmon fishing with Millais, and appeased with the absence of crowds. A vacation later described by Lillie as a "delightful month". Some conflicting information about Edward Langtry life originated in Lillie Langtry's memoirs. In this she claims that Edward's father started the steam ship crossings between Belfast and Scotland, whereas these were started by his grandfather, George Langtry. She also wrote that when they married he was about thirty years of age although he was actually twenty-six.

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# Edward Langtry

**Edward Langtry**  (1847–1897) married Emilie Charlotte Le Breton on the island of Jersey in 1874. She later took to the stage as actress Lillie Langtry, and became involved in a relationship with Edward, Prince of Wales. Langtry and his wife eventually separated and she obtained a divorce in 1897. Langtry died from a brain haemorrhage in the same year after a fall during a steamer crossing from Belfast to Liverpool.

There have been numerous biographies about Lillie Langtry, (she also wrote her own autobiography) but little has been written about her first husband Edward (Ned) Langtry. What has been written often paints him in a negative light. He has been referred to as "a colourless sportsman"; "a pudgy chap, his weak mouth overhung with a walrus moustache, and his conversation powers were limited"; "petulantly determined on his own importance......he was weak and indolent and also, surprisingly shy"; "a meek, weak husband and no money"; "uneasily complaisant husband".

If these descriptions are accurate, it is difficult to understand why a woman as gifted as Lillie would marry a man with such shortcomings. In her memoirs *The Days I Knew* she explains that Edward Langtry was an extremely shy person, and had spent his life since leaving Oxford in outdoor country sports. In London he felt "quite like a fish out of water" and this may explain his difficulty in conversation and his lack of social grace, and possibly why so many people had such a poor opinion of him. In 1877 Edward and Lillie spent a month in the Perth area of Scotland as the guests of Effie and John Everett Millais. It was here that Edward was at his most relaxed, salmon fishing with Millais, and appeased with the absence of crowds. A vacation later described by Lillie as a "delightful month".

Some conflicting information about Edward Langtry life originated in Lillie Langtry's memoirs. In this she claims that Edward's father started the steam ship crossings between Belfast and Scotland, whereas these were started by his grandfather, George Langtry. She also wrote that when they married he was about thirty years of age although he was actually twenty-six.

## Family background

### Edward's grandfather George Langtry

Langtry lived the life of a gentleman on the money that came from the mercantile and shipping business created by his grandfather, George Langtry (1764–1846). He had opened a general store in Belfast in about 1786 and later organised a shipping line between Belfast and England, both for cargo and passengers. The early crossings were under sail, but later steam powered ships were used and Langtry commissioned the first steam ship to be built in Ireland called *Belfast*. The mercantile business was initially named *George Langtry & Co.* and from about 1828 the shipping company became *Langtrys & Herdman*, under the management of William Herdman (1777–1855), plus two of George's sons - Robert and George Jr. In about 1810 George Sr. purchased a large house and grounds on the northern outskirts of Belfast called Fortwilliam. This remained the family home until about 1858 when the mansion and 161 acres were sold for housing development. Another large estate they held was Drumaderragh House, near Ballyclare, Co. Antrim. This was sold in about 1900 and is now the residence of Lord Glentoran.

In 1794 George married Fanny Callwell (1772–1825) whose family had arrived in Ireland from Scotland at the beginning of the 17th century as part of the colonisation of Ulster. Her mother was Catherine Magee, sister of printer, publisher and Belfast book seller, James Magee (c. 1707–1797). Fanny was connected via the marriage of her siblings to several other families in County Antrim. One of her nephews was William Thompson the naturalist. Other slightly more distant relatives included politicians Hugh McCalmont and Harry McCalmont.

### Edward's parents

Edward Langtry was born in Co. Antrim, Ulster on 14 February 1847. His mother was Eliza Ray (1825-1854) and his father Robert Langtry (1800–1855), who was the eldest son of George Langty Sr. When old enough, Robert entered the family mercantile and shipping business, but he also had outside interests in natural history, horticulture and yachting. He recorded observations from the environment and passed these on to his cousin, naturalist William Thompson, with any specimen he felt were of interest. Robert's brother Richard (1810-1858) also helped and many of their contributions were credited in Thompson's *Natural History of Ireland* vols. 1 to 4. Robert's love of gardening was reflected in horticultural society competitions he entered with his plants, cut flowers, vegetable and fruit, often getting first or second prizes.

In 1848/49 changes occurred in the family business. George Sr. had died in 1846 and Robert's brother George Jr. died in 1849. Robert left the Belfast home and moved with his family to "a charming reed-thatched Regency pavilion" called Ardimersey Cottage on Islay, the southernmost island of the Inner Hebrides of Scotland. At the time of the move Robert and Eliza had two children, daughter Emily (1846–1896), and Edward. Two other children were later born in Scotland: Ida (1849–1919) who was born in Troon and Fanny (1850–1888) born on Islay; both girls were baptised on Islay.

Islay was owned by Walter Frederick Campbell, but he became bankrupt and the management of the island was placed in the hands of John Ramsay, who was a distiller, merchant and politician. A buyer for the island was eventually found in 1853, who was wealthy businessman James Morrison. He had an agreement with Ramsay that he would sell a section of Islay to him including the cottage and land where the Langtry family were living. Some years later Ramsey made Ardimersey Cottage his home.

This move of the Langtry family from Belfast to Islay coincided with the Irish Great Famine that devastated many parts of Ireland between 1845 and 1851. During this period the population of the country fell by nearly 20%, although the loss in Co. Antrim was slightly lower at 15%. Many of the malnourished people travelling to Belfast in search of shelter, food and employment were afflicted with diseases such as dysentery, relapsing fever and typhus. This led to a major outbreak of typus in Belfast and it was estimated that 1 in 5 people in the area became infected. In the summer of 1847 the number of deaths in Belfast public institutions were averaging between 70 and 80 per week. Many others died in their dwellings or were found dead on the streets. The burial grounds were filled to overflowing with graves being reused to within a few inches of the surface, leading to infestation from rodents. In 1849 Belfast suffered another epidemic, this time from cholera that led to the death of about 1300 people.

In 1852 the Langtrys had a house guest staying with them on Islay at their Ardimersay Cottage (spellings vary). He was Nathaniel Alexander, the former member of parliament for County Antrim. According to newspaper reports of the time he had been suffering for two weeks with “water on the chest” but he was only 38 years of age so there was little concern for his health. However, on 5 January 1853 he died in the cottage. Further tragedies followed; in September 1854 Robert's wife, Eliza, died on Islay and within 7 months Robert died in the Ardimersey Cottage. At the age of eight Edward Langtry, and his three sisters aged nine, six and five were orphaned. Their financial affairs came under the care of trustees and executors: Henry Fulton, William McEwen and their uncle, Richard Langtry. At the time of his death Robert Langtry owned numerous properties in Co. Antrim and Co. Down. Details of these were recorded in 1862 and 1864 in the Griffith's Valuation and can be viewed in summary on the *AskAboutIreland.ie* web site.

## Aftermath

Any hope that the orphaned children would grow up with their uncle Richard's family at Fortwilliam came to an end when he died in October 1858 aged 48. He was the fourth son of George Langtry Sr. and within months of his death the Fortwilliam Mansion and estate was put up for sale by the fifth, and only surviving son, Charles Langtry. He had been in business with Richard, running the scheduled Belfast to Liverpool steamer line *R & C Langtry*. He transferred their two ships, *Waterloo* and *Blenheim*, to the Belfast Steamer Company in 1859 and in July 1862 he died in Drumaderragh House.

The death of George Langtry's sons at such early ages created serious difficulties. Only one daughter appears to have lived much longer, she was Maria (Langtry) Waddell, the grandmother of botanist Coslett Herbert Waddell. The financial affairs of Eliza and Robert's four children remained in the control of the trustees until they had reached their age of majority. The 1861 census for Wonston, Hampshire (taken 7 April 1861) indicates that the children, Emily, Edward, Ida and Fanny were "boarders" in the rectory of Rev. Alexander Robert Charles Dallas (1791– 1869). He had helped found the *Society for Irish Church Missions to the Roman Catholics* in 1849. There was also a governess boarding at the rectory named Blanch Brodie, 31 years of age and born in Wiltshire, England. She was the daughter of William Bird Brodie. The four children had been kept together as a "unit", but the reason for their move to Wonston, under the roof of Rev Dallas, is not clear. It is possible that they were being educated in a local establishment and there are mentions in the Winchester papers between 1862 and 1867 of an E. Langtry taking part in boys cricket matches for the local team of Sutton Scotney. When Edward Langtry reached his "majority" he took up residence in Hampshire, and this added substance to the idea that he had lived in the area for some time before.

## Yachting

Edward Langtry's father had been a yachtsman, and his last yacht was the 34 ton, *Queen of the Isles*, placed on sale after his death in 1855 at Bowling Harbour on the Clyde, Glasgow. In 1868, when Edward Langtry reached the age of 21, he was in the position to purchase his own yacht, a sailing schooner called *Red Gauntlet*. The vessel was of 147 tons, about 100 ft in length and 19 ft in beam. Built by Inman of Lymington for George Powell Haughton and launched in 1862. The saloon was 18 ft by 15 ft, and a later description said that the yacht could take seven passengers with a crew of eight. The yacht had at least one additional owner before Langtry, he was J Nolan-Ferrall. Other yachts owned by Langtry at this time were *Ildegonda*, of 15 tons. and later a 60-ton yawl named *Gertrude*.

Langtry made extensive use of the *Red Gauntlet*, starting in 1868 by sailing to Dartmouth for the Royal Regatta and then to Dublin. He married in March the following year to Jane Frances Price; in May the newlyweds sailed to the Isle of Man and then on to Islay. From there to Oban and through the Caledonian Canal heading to Norway; by August they were back at the Dartmouth Royal Regatta. In October the Langtrys and *Red Gauntlet* were reported as being in St Peter-Port, Guernsey, returning to Jersey. In March 1870 the *Red Gauntlet* with the Langtry family were reported as being in Malta having returned for Syracuse. From that period and into 1871 Edward was involved with domestic regattas racing both *Red Gauntlet* and *Ildegonda*. In September Langtry sailed for Jersey, where in October his wife Jane died at the home of her parents, aged just 21.

During 1872 the yachting press periodically reported that Langtry was taking part in domestic regattas in *Ildegonda* and in a cutter named *Satellite*. In December 1872, when most yachts would have been laid up for the season, the yachting correspondent for *Bell's Life in London* reported that Langtry and *Red Gauntlet* were heading for St Petersburg, but if the port was closed he would over-winter in Holland for the shooting. In 1873 Langtry was associated with another small yacht (18 tons) called *Marguerite* and it was reported that *Ildegonda* had been sold to a Mr Gordon. On 9 March 1874, Langtry married Emilie Charlotte Le Breton in Jersey. She became known as actress Lillie Langtry and wrote a book about her life in which she said that her family insisted Edward Langtry must cut back on his expenditure. This included his yachting activities, and the lack of any mention of his name in the yachting press after 1874 does indicate that he complied. The *Red Gauntlet* was sold to B C Greenhill of Knowle Hall, Bridgewater, in April 1874, less than one month after the couple had married. The yawl *Gertrude* remained in the ownership of Langtry for the 1874 sailing season. She was sold to Henry W Acland at the end of 1874.

## Jane Frances Price

Edward Langtry's first wife was Jane Frances Price (1850–1871). They married in St Helier, Jersey, on 10 March 1869; she was 18 and he was 22 years of age. Her parents, Elizabeth Pratt Lepper (1822–1902) and Francis Price (1804–1894), were residents of Jersey but both had been born in Ireland, she in Co. Antrim and he in Co. Down. Coming from the Belfast area, they would have been aware of the Langtry family background in mercantile and shipping. Before he retired, Francis Price worked as a civil servant in Ceylon (Sri Lanka), and like Edward Langtry's father had an interest in natural history. Both contributed specimens to the *Natural History and Philosophical Society* in Belfast and it seem likely that they were acquainted.

On 18 November 1873 Jane's younger sister, Elizabeth Anne Price (1855–1940), married William Inglis Le Breton (1845–1924), brother of Emilie Charlotte Le Breton (1853–1929). He was an army officer attached to the Indian Staff Corps, Public Works Department, Bombay (Mumbai), described as a *comptroller*, dealing with financial and compliance matters. He had returned to Britain from India in 1873 to marry, but it seems that Elizabeth Anne Price was not his first choice of bride. In June and July 1873, banns of marriage were read in St Mary's Church, Battersea announcing the forthcoming marriage of William Inglis Le Breton to Martha Mary Elizabeth Pickering. She was the daughter of railway engineer Edward Pickering, who was living in Jersey with his family whilst he constructed the Jersey Railway from St Aubin to St Catherine's. Edward Pickering was from a family of engineers, who with his brothers had constructed railways in various parts of the world, including South America and South Africa. His sister was Alice Tredwell, who had managed the construction of a section of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway in an area of India where William Inglis Le Breton was stationed. Unfortunately for Martha and William, just as their banns were being read her father was declared bankrupt and their wedding was cancelled.

## Emilie Charlotte Le Breton

Langtry married Emilie Charlotte Le Breton on Jersey on 9 March 1874. Her father, William Corbet Le Breton (1815–1888), was the Dean of Jersey and it was he who performed the ceremony. The couple first met at a ball organised by Edward Langtry - only about 5 months before they got married. Emilie had been nicknamed *Lillie* since she was young on account of her skin being "unusually white" and she was in future referred to as Lillie Langtry (or Lily). At first Edward and Lillie spent time in Jersey and Southampton. The first year of marriage was made busy with attendance at regattas in their yacht *Gertrude*. Lillie remarked that this could be dull in the extreme when becalmed. In Southampton she became seriously ill with typhoid and was nursed back to health by Edward. A change of air was recommended and the couple moved to London.

In 1876, through a family connection, they were invited to an afternoon tea at Lord Ranelagh's and later an evening party at Lady Sebright's. It was there that her looks and personality attracted attention and led to further invitations and a meeting with Edward, Prince of Wales. Lillie was also asked to sit for portraits, including one by John Everett Millais. Her relationship with the Prince developed and attracted the attention of the gossip columnists. This eventually led to a libel court case in 1879 after Adolphus Rosenberg, claimed in *Town Talk* that Edward Langtry had petitioned for divorce, naming H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, Lord Lonsdale and Lord Londesborough as the co-respondents. The article also claimed that to stop the divorce action, arrangements were made to appoint Edward Langtry to a diplomatic post abroad. Rosenberg pleaded guilty to publishing the libels, but not to knowing them to be false. Edward Langtry was called as a witness and denied the claims made in the article. He said that he had always lived on terms of affection with his wife. The case went against Rosenberg and he was sentenced to serve 18 months in prison. Oddly, when this trial had first gone to court, it was not about the Langtry libel, but involved unrelated articles published by Rosenburg involving Mrs Cornwallis-West. The solicitor acting for the Prince of Wales, George Lewis, orchestrated events so that Rosenberg also faced the charge of false and defamatory libel related to the Langtry article. The appearance in court of the extremely shy Edward Langtry as a witness must have been a very uncomfortable experience, and he probably felt resentment for being placed in such a position.

The Langtrys started to spend freely and were living on credit. When Lillie fell out of favour with the Prince of Wales, the creditors started to demand payment and bankruptcy loomed. Edward's income came from Irish properties left to him by his father. These included land in Parkgate, Co. Antrim, of about 340 acres. Although the value of the land had risen over time, the rents had not and some of the tenant demands for repairs to property were actually costing Langtry money. He visited the area to take personal control of the situation but returned to London having apparently come off worse in the negotiations with his tenants. Up to this time Edward had handled money matters for the two of them, but these setbacks made Lillie determined to have more control of her destiny.

In 1880, Lillie discovered that she had become pregnant after a relationship with another man. She knew Edward would realise the child was not his, so a subterfuge was devised to get him out of the country while she travelled to France to have the child in secret. To achieve this he was commissioned to inspect and value some property in America belonging to Adelaide Neilson. He left England for America in December 1880 but completed the work early. A series of telegrams and letters were then sent to him from England to delay his return until he eventually got back in April 1881. Lillie had a baby girl on 8 March 1881, named Jeanne Marie, who was taken to Jersey to be looked after by Lillie's mother. Edward claimed in a letter published in 1897 that he knew nothing of the birth of this child. The marriage between Edward and Lillie was now in trouble; they argued, she was seeing another man and he was drinking too much. After 7 years of marriage they parted and Lillie began her acting career.

## Final years

### Divorce

After they parted, Edward Langtry slipped into obscurity, and was only occasionally mentioned in the press. He spent about ten years in Holyhead on Anglesey where he kept his links with water sporting activities, fishing and sailing. The 1891 census recorded him living at Cellar Farm, Aberffraw, Anglesey, Wales. One story in the newspapers said that he sometimes crewed for the local lifeboat as an oarsman. From about 1893 until his death he was living in Southampton, Hampshire, in an apartment at 9 Queen's Terrace, run by Ellen and Cornelius Collins. This address is located a short distance from the docks and the ocean liner terminal. On 13 May 1897 Lillie Langtry obtained a divorce from Edward in the county court of Lakeport, California. This was her third attempt and Edward had always resisted saying that "she shall never untie the knot that her father tied at the altar". However, on this occasion the judge, Richard W Crump (1828-1903), decided that the summons had been duly served on Edward Langtry, and because he had failed to answer he was in default. When told of the judge's decision, Edward responded by saying that if she tried to remarry in Britain she would be committing bigamy.

After parting with Edward in the 1880s, Lillie Langtry became a successful and famous actress. She had long-term relationships with other men, but was never able to remarry due to Edward's refusal to give her a divorce. Two years after his death she married 28-year-old Hugo Gerald de Bathe (1871–1940) and following the death of Hugo's father in 1907 she became Lady de Bathe.

### Death

Edward's death occurred in 1897 following a crossing over the Irish Sea on a passenger ship, where he fell and sustained head injuries. He was travelling with a friend called Arthur Robinson Greenwood, whose address was given as Abbey Mill, in Bishop's Waltham, Hampshire. After treatment he seemed able to continue his journey back to England, and Greenwood who was scheduled to go to Scotland, telegraphed Cornelius Collins and asked him meet Langtry on route to ensure he got home safely. However, there was confusion and Collins could not locate Langtry in Belfast, or at his next scheduled stop on the homeward train journey at Crewe. Langtry was travelling alone, head bandaged, apparently still bleeding and had become deranged. He tried to book in at a hotel but the staff found him too disruptive and took him to the railway station. He was later found asleep in a pile of straw and it was claimed he smelt of drink, and had just a few pennies in his pockets. The police asked the courts to commit him to an asylum and he was admitted on 4 October to Chester Asylum where he died on 15 October 1897.

Cornelius Collins attended the inquest, held for Edward Langtry at the Chester Asylum, where he identified the body. He gave evidence and said that Langtry had money on him when he left Southampton, having just received a cheque for £25 from the solicitor, George Lewis. This was a payment made to him every three months by Lewis on behalf of Lillie Langtry. Greenwood, who was a 38 year old corn miller born in the Burnley area, had not attended the first inquest and the coroner adjourned until he could be summoned to give evidence. When he appeared he corroborated the evidence given by Collins, adding that Langtry had appeared despondent for several months following Lillie Langtry's American divorce. On the journey to Belfast he said that Edward was not well, could not eat and when he tried felt sick. He had not been with him when he fell, but he heard the noise and with the steward, found Edward bleeding profusely from a head wound. The steward administered first-aid and bandaged the wound, and when the ship docked Greenwood went with Langtry to the hospital. Edward Langtry is buried in Overleigh Cemetery, Chester, Cheshire.

Various rumours at the time of Edward's death circulated, included that he had either committed suicide or had been murdered by thugs hired by Lillie. One newspaper report even quoted a policeman who was supposed to have heard Edward say that he had been attacked. However, the policeman later denied having said this. Another unsubstantiated account was that since his separation from Lillie he followed her but never approached, instead asking railway porters about how she looked and how she was dressed. He responded to some of the rumours and allegations in a letter published a few months before his death in the *New York Journal*.

### Irish property

In 1928 tenanted properties in Northern Ireland were compulsorily purchased under the *Northern Ireland Land Act, 1925*. This was passed after the Partition of Ireland, with the purpose of transferring certain lands from owners to tenants, the owners being compensated with the purchase price or bond. Lillie made claim to those lands connected to Edward Langtry's estate, stating that she, as his widow, was his representative. This was connected with a clause in Edward Langtry's will made when he married Lillie, gifting his Irish properties to her should he die.

### Family

Of Edward's sisters: the eldest, Emily remained unmarried and died in Devon. Indications from census records are that she lived with her sister, Fanny, and her husband, George Langtry (1851-1889), who was her cousin being the son of Richard Langtry. The last sister, Ida, married a doctor from the Isle of Wight named Alfred Hollis (1846-1915) and these last two were the only members of Edward's family at his funeral.

Note: Dr Alfred Hollis was in attendance on Alfred, Lord Tennyson, who had a house on the Isle of Wight.

### End of *Red Gauntlet*

The schooner, *Red Gauntlet*, was taken to Australia in 1880 on a world cruise by its then owner, Cecil Charles Balfour, brother of politician Arthur Balfour. Whilst there Cecil was killed in a riding accident and the *Gauntlet* was sold to an Australian owner. In 1887 the vessel was lost after grounding on a reef.

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62. Langtry, Lillie; (Lady de Bathe) (1925). *The Days I Knew an autobiography*. George H. Doran company. pp. Chapter 1.
63. "Millais portrait of Lily Langtry". The Exeter Flying Post or, Trewman's Plymouth and Cornish Advertiser. 8 May 1878. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
64. Potter, Rupert. "A Jersey Pair". *V&A Search and Collection*. V&A. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
65. "ADOLPHUS ROSENBERG". *The Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 1674-1913*. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
66. "Charges of libelling Mrs Langtry". The Leeds Mercury. 13 Oct 1879. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
67. "The libels on Mrs Langtry". The Standard. 28 October 1879. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
68. Juxon, John (1983). *Lewis and Lewis*. London: Collins. p. 178.
69. Wilkes, Roger (2002). *Scandal : a scurrilous history of gossip*. London: Atlantic. p. 111. ISBN 9781903809631.
70. Donald, Alexander (2011). *The Parkgate Presbyterians*. Ballyclare: The First Donegore Church. p. 136.
71. Langtry, Lillie; de Bathe, Lady (2012). *The Days I Knew*. Amazon Media EU S.à r.l. pp. Chapter 8.
72. Beatty, Laura (1999). *Lillie Langtry – Manners, Masks and Morals*. London: Vintage. p. Chapter XXII ("A Voice from the Underworld").
73. "The Lily's Husband". *The Los Angeles Times*. 6 Jul 1897. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
74. Beatty, Laura (1999). *Lillie Langtry – Manners, Masks and Morals*. London: Vintage. p. Chapter XXIII ("Letters").
75. "Mrs Langtry get a Divorce". The San Francisco Call. 14 May 1897. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
76. Dudley, Ernest (1958). *The Gilded Lily*. London: Odhams. pp. 156–157.
77. Dudley, Ernest (1958). *The Gilded Lily*. London: Odhams. pp. 158–159.
78. "The Late Mr Edward Langtry". Liverpool Mercury. 26 October 1897. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
79. "Edward Langtry". *Find a Grave*. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
80. Dudley, Ernest (1958). *The Gilded Lily*. London: Odhams. pp. Chapter 11.
81. Beatty, Laura (2012). *Lillie Langtry: Manners, Masks and Morals* (Kindle ed.). Amazon Media EU S.à r.l. pp. Chapter XXX.
82. "THE JERSEY LILY". *The Sunday Times*. No. 604. Sydney. July 25, 1897. p. 9. Retrieved April 6, 2016  via National Library of Australia.
83. Foley-Fisher, Nathan; McLaughlin, Eoin (2015). *Capitalising on the Irish Land Question: Land Reform and State Banking in Ireland, 1891-1938* (PDF). University of St. Andrews. pp. 8 & 9. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
84. "LAND PURCHASE COMMISSION, NORTHERN IRELAND LAND ACT, 1925" (PDF). *thegazette.co.uk/Belfast*. The Gazette. July 20, 1928. p. 735. Retrieved April 6, 2016.
85. "Estate of Lady Lily de Bathe (Widow), Representative of Edward Langtry, Deceased". *www.thegazette.co.uk/Belfast*. The Gazette. September 14, 1928. p. 1007. Retrieved April 6, 2016.
86. "Ida Ray Eliza Langtry Hollis". *Find a Grave*. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
87. "To Her Husband's Grave". The Illustrated Police News, etc. 30 October 1897. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
88. "The Illness of Lord Tennyson". Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper. 2 March 1890. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
89. "Arrival of the schooner Red Gauntlet". The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser. 2 October 1880. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
90. "General News". The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser. 9 April 1881. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
91. "Wreck of the yacht Red Gauntlet". Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate. 9 September 1887. Retrieved 22 April 2019.


title: Tom Garrick

abstract: Thomas S. Garrick is a retired American professional basketball player who was selected by the Los Angeles Clippers in the second round of the 1988 NBA draft. He played guard in four NBA seasons, mainly for the Clippers. Garrick's best year as a Clipper was during the 1989–90 NBA season when he averaged 7.0 ppg in 73 games. He played collegiately at the University of Rhode Island. He was the head coach of the University of Rhode Island women's basketball team until he resigned following the 2008–09 season. From 2009 to 2015 he served as a women's basketball assistant coach at Vanderbilt University before moving on to Boston College for three seasons. He was the head women's basketball coach at UMass Lowell from 2018 to 2021, before he returned to Vanderbilt as an assistant to his wife Shea Ralph, who became head coach there.

text:
# Tom Garrick

**Thomas S. Garrick** (born July 7, 1966) is a retired American professional basketball player who was selected by the Los Angeles Clippers in the second round (45th overall pick) of the 1988 NBA draft. He played guard in four NBA seasons, mainly for the Clippers. Garrick's best year as a Clipper was during the 1989–90 NBA season when he averaged 7.0 ppg in 73 games. He played collegiately at the University of Rhode Island.

He was the head coach of the University of Rhode Island women's basketball team until he resigned following the 2008–09 season. From 2009 to 2015 he served as a women's basketball assistant coach at Vanderbilt University before moving on to Boston College for three seasons. He was the head women's basketball coach at UMass Lowell from 2018 to 2021, before he returned to Vanderbilt as an assistant to his wife Shea Ralph, who became head coach there.

## Head coaching record

Statistics overview
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **UMass Lowell River Hawks**  *(America East Conference)* (2018–2021) | | | | | | | | |
| 2018–19 | UMass Lowell | 7–22 | 3–13 | 8th |  |
| 2019–20 | UMass Lowell | 16–15 | 11–5 | 3rd |  |
| 2020–21 | UMass Lowell | 12–9 | 10–6 | 3rd |  |
| **UMass Lowell:** | | 35–46 (.432) | 24–24 (.500) |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 35–46 (.432) |  | | | | | | |
| National champion         Postseason invitational champion
Conference regular season champion          Conference regular season and conference tournament champion
Division regular season champion       Division regular season and conference tournament champion
Conference tournament champion | | | | | | | | |

## Personal life

Garrick is married to Vanderbilt head coach, Shea Ralph.

## InfoBox

Tom Garrick
| Vanderbilt Commodores | |
| --- | --- |
| Position | Assistant coach |
| League | Southeastern Conference |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1966-07-07) July 7, 1966
West Warwick, Rhode Island |
| Nationality | American |
| Listed height | 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) |
| Listed weight | 185 lb (84 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school | West Warwick
(West Warwick, Rhode Island) |
| College | Rhode Island (1984–1988) |
| NBA draft | 1988: 2nd round, 45th overall pick |
| Selected by the Los Angeles Clippers | |
| Playing career | 1988–1998 |
| Position | Point guard |
| Number | 22, 5 |
| Coaching career | 2003–present |
| Career history | |
| As player: | |
| 19881991 | Los Angeles Clippers |
| 1991 | San Antonio Spurs |
| 1991–1992 | Minnesota Timberwolves |
| 1992 | Dallas Mavericks |
| 1992–1993 | Rapid City Thrillers |
| 1993–1995 | Bayer Giants Leverkusen |
| 1995–1996 | Meysuspor |
| 1996–1997 | Caja San Fernando |
| 1997–1998 | Kombassan Konya |
| As coach: | |
| 2003–2009 | Rhode Island (women's) |
| 2009–2015 | Vanderbilt (women's asst.) |
| 2015–2018 | Boston College (women's asst.) |
| 2018–2021 | UMass Lowell (women's) |
| 2021–present | Vanderbilt (women's asst.) |
|  | |
| Stats  at NBA.com | |
| Stats at Basketball-Reference.com | |


abstract: Edward Montagu, 2nd Baron Montagu of Boughton of Boughton House, Northamptonshire was an English peer and politician.

text:
# Edward Montagu, 2nd Baron Montagu of Boughton

**Edward Montagu, 2nd Baron Montagu of Boughton** (11 July 1616–10 January 1684) of Boughton House, Northamptonshire was an English peer and politician.

## Life

He was born at Weekley on 11 July 1616, the eldest son of Edward Montagu, 1st Baron Montagu of Boughton. He was educated at Oundle School and entered Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, on 2 March 1631. He represented the borough of Huntingdon in the Long Parliament (elected 23 October 1640) until called to the House of Lords on the death of his father in 1644.

He took the engagement to the Commonwealth in October 1644, and was constantly in the House of Lords during the proceedings against Archbishop William Laud. On 18 July 1645 he was nominated by both houses of parliament one of the commissioners to reside with the Scottish army in England, and in that capacity treated for the surrender of Newark in May 1646. With Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke and Basil Feilding, 2nd Earl of Denbigh he received the king's person from the Scots, and conducted him to Holmby. His report, read in the House of Lords on 10 June 1647, appeared in pamphlet form in London, 1647. He afterwards attended Charles till his escape in 1647. He took no part in the trial of the king, was summoned to sit as one of Oliver Cromwell's lords in December 1657, and welcomed the return of Charles II.

After the Restoration he resided chiefly at Boughton House, died on 10 January 1684 aged 67, and was buried at Weekley.

## Family

He married Anne, daughter, and eventually heir, of Sir Ralph Winwood of Ditton Park, Buckinghamshire, by whom he had two sons and one daughter; Edward, who predeceased him, Ralph, who succeeded him, and Elizabeth, who married Sir Daniel Harvey, ambassador at Constantinople.

Attribution

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Porter, Bertha (1894). "Montagu, Edward (1562-1644)". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). *Dictionary of National Biography*. Vol. 38. London: Smith, Elder & Co.


title: Edward Montagu, 1st Baron Montagu

abstract: Edward Montagu, 1st Baron Montagu was an English knight and peer. He fought at the Battle of Crecy. His assaulted his first wife, Alice of Norfolk, who died as a result.

text:
# Edward Montagu, 1st Baron Montagu

**Edward Montagu** (or **Edward de Montacute**), **1st Baron Montagu** (d. 14 July 1361) was an English knight and peer. He fought at the Battle of Crecy. His assaulted his first wife, Alice of Norfolk, who died as a result.

## Life

Edward Montagu was the youngest son of William Montagu, 2nd Baron Montagu (d. 18 October 1319), by Elizabeth Montfort (d. August 1354), daughter of Sir Piers Montfort of Beaudesert, Warwickshire. He had three brothers and seven sisters, including William Montagu, 1st Earl of Salisbury, and Simon Montacute, successively Bishop of Worcester and Bishop of Ely (for details concerning his siblings, see the article on his father, William Montagu, 2nd Baron Montagu).

On 19 March 1337, he was granted an annuity of £100 by Edward III for the better support of his knighthood.

His first wife was Alice of Norfolk, daughter of Thomas of Brotherton, and granddaughter of Edward I. In March 1339 the King ordered William Trussell, escheator, to deliver to Montagu and his wife Alice her share of her father's lands.

Montagu fought at the Battle of Crecy in 1346, and was summoned to Parliament from 20 November 1348 to 20 November 1360 by writs directed *Edwardo de Monte Acuto*, 'whereby he is held to have become Lord Montagu'.

Montagu and his retainers assaulted Alice, causing her death on 30 January 1352. Montagu and some of his followers were indicted for the crime. In 1361, one William Dunche of Bungay was pardoned for his part in her death, as well as other felonies.

Montagu died on 14 July 1361, his only son and heir by Alice having predeceased him. His place of burial is unknown. His heir was his seven-week-old son by his second marriage, Edward Montagu, who survived him by only three months. At his death on 4 October 1361, any barony created by writ fell into abeyance, according to modern doctrine, among the surviving daughters of his father.

His arms were Argent, three lozenges in fess, on each an eagle displayed with a label of three points.

## Marriage and issue

Montagu married firstly, before 29 August 1338, Alice of Norfolk, daughter of Thomas of Brotherton, eldest son of Edward I by his second marriage to Margaret (1279?–1318), the daughter of Philippe III of France (d.1285). Her mother was Alice de Hales (d. in or before 1330), daughter of Sir Roger de Hales of Hales Hall in Loddon in Roughton, Norfolk, by his wife, Alice.

By Alice of Norfolk, Montagu had a son and four daughters:

He married secondly a wife named Joan, whose parentage is unknown, by whom he had a son and two daughters:

* Edward Montagu (d. 4 October 1361).
* Elizabeth Montagu (d. before 29 November 1361), who married Sir John de Brewes (d. 3 February 1367).
* Audrey Montagu, who married Sir Hugh de Strelley (d. before 16 October 1390).

* Archer, Rowena E. (2004). "Brotherton, Margaret, suo jure duchess of Norfolk (c.1320–1399)". *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography* (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/53070. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
* Burke, Bernard (1866). *A Genealogical History of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages of the British Empire*. London: Harrison. p. 373. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
* Cokayne, George Edward (1936). *The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday and Lord Howard de Walden*. Vol. IX. London: St. Catherine Press.
* Gross, Anthony (2004). "Montagu, William, second Lord Montagu (c.1285–1319)". *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography* (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19000. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
* Ormrod, W.M. (2004). "Ufford, Robert, first earl of Suffolk (1298–1369)". *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography* (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27977. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
* Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). *Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families*. Vol. II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 978-1449966348.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Waugh, Scott L. (2004). "Thomas, first earl of Norfolk (1300–1338)". *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography* (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27196. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

## InfoBox

| Edward Montagu, 1st Baron Montagu | |
| --- | --- |
| Died | 14 July 1361 |
| Spouse(s) | Alice of Norfolk
Joan (surname unknown) |
| Issue | Edward Montagu
Audrey Montagu
Elizabeth Montagu
Maud Montagu
Joan Montagu |
| Father | William Montagu, 2nd Baron Montagu |
| Mother | Elizabeth Montfort |


title: Rudolf Martin

abstract: Rudolf Martin is a German actor working mainly in the United States. He first appeared in off-Broadway productions and then moved on to extensive TV and film work. He has made guest appearances on numerous hit television series and recently started working in Germany as well. He currently resides in Los Angeles.

text:
# Rudolf Martin

**Rudolf Martin** (born 31 July 1967) is a German actor working mainly in the United States. He first appeared in off-Broadway productions and then moved on to extensive TV and film work. He has made guest appearances on numerous hit television series and recently started working in Germany as well. He currently resides in Los Angeles.

## Early life and education

Martin was born in West Berlin and spent his early years traveling throughout Europe while completing his education. Because of his interest in the arts, Martin studied American and English literature in Berlin and drama in Paris. He then enrolled in the Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute in New York City to pursue acting. While performing in small theatre productions, Martin secured a starring role in Susan Seidelman's Academy Award-nominated short film *The Dutch Master*. This was followed by leading roles on ABC's *All My Children* and Off-Broadway in Nicky Silver's critically acclaimed hit comedy *The Food Chain*. While in New York, Martin received recognition for his work in independent films such as *Fall*, *High Art* and *When*.

## Career

After arriving in Los Angeles in 1999, he appeared in the Warner Brothers thriller *Swordfish* starring John Travolta, Hugh Jackman, Halle Berry and Don Cheadle. In the film Martin plays Axl Torvalds, an internationally renowned computer hacker who leads FBI agents on the trail of a criminal mastermind. Based on his performance in *Swordfish*, Martin was offered a role in the German thriller *Soundless*.

Before *Swordfish* Martin played a role in the original Showtime series *Beggars and Choosers*, an inside look at the television networks developed by Peter Lefcourt and Brandon Tartikoff that was popular within the entertainment industry. Martin played "Nikolai Krasnakov", the charming but dangerous Russian mobster whose life was to be developed into a mini-series by the fictional network. Martin played the exuberant young mobster for the entire two seasons.

Martin then moved to Hollywood and has since appeared in the 20th Century Fox's comedy *Bedazzled*, the Warner Brothers film *White Oleander*, Patrik Ian Polk’s edgy comedy *Punks* that was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award, as well as in the independent feature *The Scoundrel's Wife*, starring Tatum O'Neal, Tim Curry and Julian Sands.

Martin portrayed the title character Vlad Dracula in the USA film *Dark Prince: The True Story of Dracula*. The film was shot in 2000 on authentic locations in Romania and tells the story of Prince Vlad III Dracula, "the Impaler" (1431–1476), who inspired the name of Bram Stoker's fictional vampire count. Peter Weller, Jane March and Roger Daltrey co-starred in *Dark Prince*, which premiered in October 2000. Martin then guest-starred as the fictional Count Dracula on the fifth season premiere of *Buffy the Vampire Slayer* ("Buffy vs. Dracula") alongside his previous *All My Children* co-star Sarah Michelle Gellar. Rudolf Martin proceeded to guest-star in five episodes of the Fox thriller *24* in which he played two different characters, one of them impersonating the other.

He has also guest starred in other television dramas, notably *Judging Amy*, *Crossing Jordan* and in *CSI: Crime Scene Investigation* as a serial killer motivated by Shakespearean sonnets, as well as Mossad agent Ari Haswari, the antagonist to Mark Harmon on the hit show *NCIS* for seasons 1–2 until that character's violent death. Also released is the independent feature film *River's End*, shot on location in Texas.

Martin's main focus remains on working in film; as a European actor he continues to appear in European productions as well. He had his second lead performance in the film: *Bloodlines*, the story of a young man coming to terms with his newly discovered family in Slovakia. *Bloodlines* was shot in San Francisco and Slovakia in 2003.

He is cast member in *Hoboken Hollow*, an independent feature with C. Thomas Howell, Dennis Hopper and Michael Madsen and in another German feature, *Paparazzo* shooting in France and Spain. In *Stargate SG-1* he had a guest appearance in the episode "Company of Thieves" in Season 10 as Anateo of the Lucian Alliance. He also has a guest appearance in three episodes of *Dexter* as drug lord Carlos Guerrero. Currently (as of 2006) completed is *Last Exit* and *Hyenas* and the short movie *Sunrise*.

In 2011 he played the character of Tormento Lancie in the video interludes for Britney Spears' Femme Fatale Tour. Martin's character is a stalker set out to eliminate Spears as the Femme Fatale.

## Filmography

### Film

### Television

## InfoBox

| Rudolf Martin | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1967-07-31) 31 July 1967<br>West Berlin |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1993present |
| Spouse | Katherine LaPlant |
| Website | www.rudolfmartin.com |


title: SEPR 84

abstract: The SEPR 84 is a family of liquid-propellant rocket engines used as boosters for the Dassault Mirage III mixed-power high-altitude interceptor aircraft of the 1960s. The engine was one of several similar developed by SEPR.

text:
# SEPR 84

The **SEPR 84** is a family of liquid-propellant rocket engines used as boosters for the Dassault Mirage III mixed-power high-altitude interceptor aircraft of the 1960s. The engine was one of several similar developed by SEPR (Société d'Etudes pour la Propulsion par Réaction).

## SEPR 841

SEPR's auxiliary rocket engines were based on the hypergolic fuel chemistry of nitric acid oxidiser and TX2 (tri-ethylamine xylidine) fuel.

Unusually, the turbopump for the engine was mechanically driven from outside. A mechanical drive shaft from the accessory drive of the main turbojet provided the 93 brake horsepower (69 kW) needed at 5,070 rpm, provided that the engine was running at full speed. As the propellants are hypergolic, the engine can be ignited repeatedly simply by engaging the clutch drive to the pump.

Bulk production of the engines was carried out by Hispano-Suiza.

## SEPR 844

For simplicity of fuel supply, the TX2 fuel of the SEPR 841 was replaced with standard Jet TR-0 / JP-4 / JP-5 (kerosene) in the SEPR 844.

## Mirage

The Mirage and its distinctive delta wing planform began with the prototype MD 550 Mystère-Delta. This bore little relation, other than its name, to the Dassault Mystère; France's swept-wing fighter of the period. The delta aircraft was smaller, around two thirds of the Mystère's weight and was powered by two small Viper turbojets and a SEPR 66 liquid-fuelled rocket. All three of these engines barely exceeded the thrust of the Mystère's ATAR 101D, although they also only weighed about half of the ATAR.

### Mirage IIIC

The Mirage III adopted the more developed and afterburning ATAR 9. As the delta wing considerably increased the supersonic capacity of the aircraft, rocket power was retained. This was the first European aircraft to exceed Mach 2 in level flight.

It was recognised that most mission profiles did not require the rocket and could not afford its fuel consumption. The original goal of intercepting high-flying bombers also seemed to be receding in favour of missiles, for both offence and defence. The Mirage's rocket was thus mounted as a removable pod which could be replaced with a 90 imperial gallons (410 L) jet fuel tank for additional range. Only the high altitude interception would still use it.

To retain balance as rocket fuel was consumed, the rocket pack was in two parts. The 310 litres (69 imp gal) nitric acid oxidiser tank was mounted directly ahead of the rocket engine. A smaller 150 litres (32 imp gal) TX2 fuel tank was mounted just behind the cockpit, replacing the cannon pack. When in the rocket-powered interceptor role, the aircraft would only be armed with missiles.

The fuel tank and rocket pack could be swapped in around 20 minutes by removing six bolts. Fuelling the rocket oxidiser was potentially somewhat hazardous and so it was carried out away from other aircraft, by groundcrew in protective clothing and with a fire crew standing by in order to flush away any spillage. Acid refuelling was carried out above a steel drip tray, with the acid flow and tank vent return through closed pipework with a sightglass to observe full tanks.

Performance in training sorties achieved Mach 1.4 without the rocket and 1.8 with. Altitudes of 65,000 feet (20,000 m) could be reached in a zoom climb, or 75,000 feet (23,000 m) on rocket thrust. A typical training sortie duration of 45 minutes would be reduced to under 30, with high Mach and rocket use.

## Specifications (SEPR 841)

*Data from* *Aircraft engines of the World 1964/65.*

### General characteristics

* **Type:** liquid-fuelled rocket engine
* **Length:** 3,270 mm (128.7 in)
    + **Width:** 1,100 mm (43.3 in)
    + **Height:** 650 mm (25.6 in)
* **Diameter:**
* **Dry weight:** 205 kg (452 lb) including chassis and propellant tanks
* **Fuel:** TX2 (50% tri-ethylamine-50% xylidine a.k.a. Tonka)
* **Oxidiser:** nitric acid
    + **Propellant consumption:** 0.00197 kg/s (0.00435 lb/s) at a fuel-oxidiser ratio 1:3.5 by weight

### Components

* **Pumps:** centrifugal pumps driven by PTO from main engine

### Performance

* **Thrust:**
+ 15 kN (3,375 lbf) full throttle at sea level
    + 16 kN (3,700 lbf) full throttle at 16,000 m (52,500 ft)
    + 1 kN (165 lbf) half throttle at sea level
* **Burn time:**

1. "The French Industry in Brief". *Flight International*. 16 July 1964. p. 113.
2. Wilkinson, Paul H. (1964). *Aircraft engines of the World 1964/65* (20th ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. p. 41.
3. James Hay Stevens (22 April 1960). "Mirage". *Flight International*. pp. 558–562.
4. "Aero Engines 1962". *Flight International*. 28 June 1962. p. 1010.
5. "Les Cigognes de Dijon". *Flight International*. 5 September 1963. p. 430.
6. Flight (1960), p. 562.

## InfoBox

| SEPR 84 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| A SEPR 841 rocket pack at the Flieger-Flab-Museum | |
| Type | Liquid-fuelled rocket engine |
| National origin | France |
| Manufacturer | *Société d'Etudes pour la Propulsion par Réaction* (SEPR) |


title: Pyrinia incensata

abstract: Pyrinia incensata is a species of moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1863. It is found in Pará, Brazil. Adults exhibit a vibrant ochre coloration, while their wings display small specks of red. The outer line is red, appearing as a straight and slanting mark that is clearly distinguishable. In the forewings, the submarginal line is red but lacks distinctness, almost fading away. The forewings have a slightly pointed shape and feature a hyaline (glass-like) basal dot. There is a faint, bent red line on the inside, while the outer line forks near the costa, incorporating a purplish spot in that region.

text:
# Pyrinia incensata

***Pyrinia incensata*** is a species of moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1863. It is found in Pará, Brazil.

Adults exhibit a vibrant ochre coloration, while their wings display small specks of red. The outer line is red, appearing as a straight and slanting mark that is clearly distinguishable. In the forewings, the submarginal line is red but lacks distinctness, almost fading away. The forewings have a slightly pointed shape and feature a hyaline (glass-like) basal dot. There is a faint, bent red line on the inside, while the outer line forks near the costa, incorporating a purplish spot in that region.

## InfoBox

| *Pyrinia incensata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Pyrinia* |
| Species: | ***P. incensata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pyrinia incensata***<br>Walker, 1863 | |
|


abstract: Saint John's Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church located at Crawfordsville, Montgomery County, Indiana. It was built in 1837 by an Episcopal congregation, organized through missionary bishop Jackson Kemper, and is a one-story, gable fronted frame building in the Greek Revival style. The original section measures 30 feet by 50 feet; a 30-foot rear addition was built in 1960. Atop the roof is a belfry added about 1950. It is the oldest remaining church building in Crawfordsville and Indiana's first Episcopal Church building. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Theologian Hans Frei, a longtime Yale Divinity School faculty member and a significant figure in Post-liberal theology, briefly served as rector in the early 1950s.

text:
# Saint John's Episcopal Church (Crawfordsville, Indiana)

**Saint John's Episcopal Church** is a historic Episcopal church located at Crawfordsville, Montgomery County, Indiana. It was built in 1837 by an Episcopal congregation, organized through missionary bishop Jackson Kemper, and is a one-story, gable fronted frame building in the Greek Revival style. The original section measures 30 feet by 50 feet; a 30-foot rear addition was built in 1960. Atop the roof is a belfry added about 1950. It is the oldest remaining church building in Crawfordsville and Indiana's first Episcopal Church building.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Theologian Hans Frei, a longtime Yale Divinity School faculty member and a significant figure in Post-liberal theology, briefly served as rector in the early 1950s.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Saint John's Episcopal Church | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| St. John's Episcopal Church, November 2010 | |
|  | |
| Location | 212 S. Green St., Crawfordsville, Indiana |
| Coordinates | 40°2′25″N 86°53′58″W / 40.04028°N 86.89944°W / 40.04028; -86.89944 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1837 (1837) |
| Architect | Garrison, John E.; Peck & Hayden |
| Architectural style | Greek Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 85000598 |
| Added to NRHP | March 21, 1985 |


title: Birsinghpur, Kuraoli

abstract: Birsinghpur (Bīrsiṅghpur) is a village in Kuraoli block of Mainpuri district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it had a population of 796, in 141 households.

text:
# Birsinghpur, Kuraoli

**Birsinghpur** (*Bīrsiṅghpur*) is a village in Kuraoli block of Mainpuri district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it had a population of 796, in 141 households.

## Demographics

As of 2011, Birsinghpur had a population of 796, in 141 households. This population was 51.5% male (402) and 49.5% female (394). The 0-6 age group numbered 94 (57 male and 37 female), or 11.8% of the total population. 248 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 31.2% of the total.

The 1981 census recorded Birsinghpur as having a population of 463 people, in 75 households.

The 1961 census recorded Birsinghpur as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 374 people (202 male and 172 female), in 64 households and 64 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 199 acres.

## Infrastructure

As of 2011, Birsinghpur had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of *pakka* materials.

## InfoBox

| Birsinghpur | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| BirsinghpurLocation in Uttar Pradesh, India | |
| Coordinates: 27°23′48″N 78°56′20″E / 27.39663°N 78.93878°E / 27.39663; 78.93878 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District | Mainpuri |
| Tehsil | Mainpuri |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.804 km2 (0.310 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 796 |
| Density | 990/km2 (2,600/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 205265 |


title: Cofiwch Dryweryn

abstract: Cofiwch Dryweryn is a graffitied stone wall near Llanrhystud, Ceredigion, Wales. Author and journalist Meic Stephens originally painted the words onto the wall of a ruined cottage in the early 1960s after Liverpool City Council decided to start the Tryweryn flooding, including the community of Capel Celyn, to create the Llyn Celyn reservoir. Due to its prominent location, stark message, and history of repeated vandalism, the wall has become an unofficial landmark of mid Wales. The phrase "Cofiwch Dryweryn" has itself become a prominent political slogan for Welsh nationalism, appearing on T-shirts and banners, and as replica murals.

text:
# Cofiwch Dryweryn

***Cofiwch Dryweryn*** (Welsh for 'Remember Tryweryn') is a graffitied stone wall near Llanrhystud, Ceredigion, Wales. Author and journalist Meic Stephens originally painted the words onto the wall of a ruined cottage in the early 1960s after Liverpool City Council decided to start the Tryweryn flooding, including the community of Capel Celyn, to create the Llyn Celyn reservoir. Due to its prominent location, stark message, and history of repeated vandalism, the wall has become an unofficial landmark of mid Wales. The phrase "*Cofiwch Dryweryn*" has itself become a prominent political slogan for Welsh nationalism, appearing on T-shirts and banners, and as replica murals.

## History

### Background

In July 1957, with parliamentary approval, Liverpool City Council pursued the flooding of the Tryweryn Valley without the consent of Welsh authorities and against the wishes of most Welsh Members of Parliament. The council also failed to respond to formal planning inquiries presented by residents to explain their concerns about the proposal. Despite protests in Liverpool, London, and Wales, the valley was flooded in 1965, and several centuries-old communities such as Capel Celyn were lost.

### Creation

In 1962 and 1963, Meic Stephens, a Welsh author and scholar, had painted numerous slogans across the South Wales Valleys. In response to the upcoming flooding of the Tryweryn Valley, Stephens decided to paint "*Cofiwch Tryweryn*" (sic), Welsh for "*Remember Tryweryn*", onto a rock. He drove around Wales with his friend Rodric Evans to find a suitable location, after which he spent fifteen to twenty minutes painting the message. The wall Stephens used is part of a ruined cottage named *Troed-y-Rhiw*. Because the original *Cofiwch Tryweryn* is grammatically incorrect, subsequent restorations of the wall have repainted the message correctly as *Cofiwch Dryweryn*, using the soft mutation.

### Cultural impact

The flooding of Tryweryn itself was a pivotal moment in twentieth century Welsh nationalism, with militant groups and Plaid Cymru, the Welsh nationalist party, gaining increased support in the following years. As such the phrase *Cofiwch Dryweryn* has become a prominent maxim of Welsh nationalism, easily recognisable to people on both sides of the debate.

In a 2006 interview, Stephens stated that he "didn't choose the spot for any particular reason" and that he did not expect it to turn out any more iconic than his other slogans. The impact and notoriety of the message has been highlighted by the numerous occasions the wall has been the subject of vandalism and restorations, and the continuing debate regarding its protection as a Welsh cultural landmark.

### Vandalism and protection

The message has been both vandalised and restored on numerous occasions. In 1991, two schoolboys, Rhys ap Hywel and Daniel Simkins, painted the wall white and repainted the original letters in black. In doing so they misspelled *Tryweryn* as *Trywerin*. Ap Hywel later stated in interviews that his Welsh teacher at Ysgol Gyfun Gymunedol Penweddig knew he was responsible as he initialled the painting, but she only admonished him for the spelling error. Ap Hywel would consequently repaint the wall once more, correcting his spelling error and adding "Sorry Miss!"

In 2003, Cwmni Ieuenctid Ceredigion, the Ceredigion youth theatre company, repainted the phrase onto the wall as part of a show commemorating the events of Tryweryn directed by Anna ap Robert at Theatr Felinfach. By 2007, a section of the wall had fallen and the writing had been replaced with stencilled white letters on a red background. In May 2008, the message was altered to *Angofiwch Dryweryn* (English: "Forget Tryweryn"; correct spelling *Anghofiwch*). The monument was again defaced in April 2010, prompting a spokesperson for the Welsh Government to express their disappointment with the defacement after recent attempts to preserve the wall. Due to the wall's history of vandalism and its state of decay, many people wanted the wall to be designated as a national monument as a means of protection. Despite the launch of a fundraising campaign to achieve this goal, the wall did not receive any such designation, and it was further vandalised in 2013 and 2014.

In 2017, the words *Cofiwch Aberfan 1966* ("Remember Aberfan 1966") were added underneath the original message, referring to the Aberfan disaster. After the wall was restored in 2018, it was defaced again in February 2019, though it was restored again the next day following a social media campaign. The incident saw renewed calls for its protection, with parallels drawn with Banksy's recent anti-air pollution work *Season's Greetings* in Port Talbot being protected from vandalism. Most notably, Bethan Sayed, Plaid Cymru's spokesperson for Heritage, Welsh Language and Sport, raised the issue with the Welsh government.

On 11 April 2019, *i'r Gâd!* ("to battle" or "to arms!") was added at the base of the mural, with the top section of the wall containing the word *Cofiwch* (remember) being demolished the next day. The wall was rebuilt and repainted on 13 April by a group of eight volunteers. In the subsequent days, a second wall next to the original was painted with *Fe Godwn Ni Eto* ("We'll rise again") and the campaign organisation YesCymru reported that over fifty new *Cofiwch Dryweryn* murals had been painted throughout Wales. In London, the message was displayed on a banner at that month's London Marathon, in addition to signs with the message being displayed at Downing Street and Whitehall. By the end of April, it was estimated that over a hundred murals with the message had been painted globally. Dyfed–Powys Police responded to the vandalism by placing a CCTV camera at the site, stating that they were treating the incident as a hate crime. The trig point on Fan Gyhirych in the Brecon Beacons also bears the slogan.

On 30 June 2020, it was reported that the memorial had once again been vandalised, this time with a Nazi swastika and a white power symbol being painted over the text. The Senedd member for Ceredigion, Elin Jones, reported the next day that the mural had been restored.

*Cofiwch Dryweryn* wall after rebuild, October 2020 - more of the original building structure is visible since the surrounding vegetation was removed.

52°19′03″N 4°07′58″W / 52.31738°N 4.13265°W / 52.31738; -4.13265


title: Tom Watson (footballer, born 1900)

abstract: Thomas Houston Watson was an Irish professional	footballer. He began his career with Irish Intermediate League side Crusaders as a half back before joining Cardiff City in 1925 where he converted to defence. He became a regular first team player during his debut season in the Football League and later played in the 1927 FA Cup Final, helping the side become the only team from outside England to win the competition. He made more than 100 appearances for Cardiff in all competitions until a cartilage injury cost him his place in the side. He returned to Ireland with Linfield, winning a league and cup double in his first season. He later returned to play for Crusaders before managing amateur side Whiteabbey, where he won the Irish Football Alliance in his first season. He later became a referee. Watson also won a single cap for Ireland, in a match against Scotland in 1926, and played for representative sides of both the Irish Intermediate League and Welsh League during his career.

text:
# Tom Watson (footballer, born 1900)

**Thomas Houston Watson** (4 October 1900 – 13 May 1978) was an Irish professional footballer. He began his career with Irish Intermediate League side Crusaders as a half back before joining Cardiff City in 1925 where he converted to defence. He became a regular first team player during his debut season in the Football League and later played in the 1927 FA Cup Final, helping the side become the only team from outside England to win the competition.

He made more than 100 appearances for Cardiff in all competitions until a cartilage injury cost him his place in the side. He returned to Ireland with Linfield, winning a league and cup double in his first season. He later returned to play for Crusaders before managing amateur side Whiteabbey, where he won the Irish Football Alliance in his first season. He later became a referee. Watson also won a single cap for Ireland, in a match against Scotland in 1926, and played for representative sides of both the Irish Intermediate League and Welsh League during his career.

## Early life

Watson was born in Belfast on 4 October 1900 to Janet and William James Watson. His father worked as a caulker.

## Club career

### Early years

Watson began his football career as a youth player with Glenarm before joining Irish Intermediate League side Crusaders. His performances for the side led to him being selected to represent an Intermediate League XI in matches against their counterparts from other leagues, including captaining the side against a Yorkshire League XI in February 1925. Crusaders had previously sold Jimmy Nelson, a childhood friend of Watson, to Cardiff City in 1921 where the Scotsman had impressed. Cardiff subsequently approached Crusaders to enquire "Have you any more players like Jimmy?". This correspondence ultimately led to Watson and Tom Sloan joining Cardiff.

### Cardiff City

Watson signed for the Welsh side in August 1925 on a free transfer. During his time with Crusaders, he had played as a half back but on arrival at Cardiff, the club's coaching staff believed he would be more suited to a defensive role. He was trialled in the new position for several reserve matches and impressed the club enough for the change to be made permanent.

He began the 1925–26 season as cover for club captain Jimmy Blair from the side. He made his debut for the club in a 1–0 victory over West Ham United on 7 September 1925 in place of Blair. Starting alongside Nelson, the *Belfast Telegraph* noted that the pair were "sorely tried". His second appearance came more than a month later in a 5–0 defeat to Arsenal again in place of the injured Blair. Despite the heavy defeat, Watson earned praise in match reports and maintained his place in the side. Despite only appearing in one further match, Watson was selected for a Welsh League XI to play their counterparts from the Irish League in Swansea on 31 October. He missed only three further games during the remainder of the campaign for Cardiff, making a total of 33 appearances in all competitions during the year as he formed a defensive partnership with Nelson. His form led the club to transfer list Blair in the first half of the season before selling him towards the end of the year.

In his second season with Cardiff, Watson made a further 45 appearances in all competitions, including playing in all seven matches of their successful FA Cup run. Ahead of the final, Watson was described as "one of the best tacklers playing this season" in the *Daily Herald*. The newspaper also noted that his partnership with Nelson formed one of the "best pairs of backs in the country." Cardiff defeated Arsenal 1–0 to become the only team from outside England to win the competition. He remained prominent during the first half of the 1927–28 season, missing only 2 of the first 20 league matches of the campaign. However, from late December, his season was blighted by injuries; he made only two appearances in the second half of the campaign, the second in a heavy 7–1 defeat against Derby County on 31 March 1928. He underwent knee surgery in October 1928 in attempt to rectify his cartilage injury problems, having not made an appearance during the new season. As such, he appeared only once during the 1928–29 campaign, returning in a 3–1 defeat to Manchester City in the final month of the campaign.

His injury problems and the form of his replacement William Roberts led to his departure from the club as he was unable to regain his place. At the end of the season Watson was placed on the transfer list, along with Sloan. Watson received interest from Fulham and Derry City who both made approaches, with Cardiff seeking around £500 for the transfer. However, Watson was instead transferred to Linfield along with Sloan.

### Return to Ireland

In his first year with Linfield, he helped the side to a double by winning both the Irish League and Irish Cup. In the final of the cup, on 29 March 1930, Linfield secured a 4–3 victory over Ballymena United. Watson was involved in a clash of heads with Ballymena player Kilpatrick with the score tied at 3–3 which left the opposition player unable to continue. *The Belfast News Letter* reported that the incident had likely turned the game in Linfield's favour, writing "Had that accident not happened, Ballymena would, in all probability, have got the winning goal."

The Irish Cup victory completed an unusual treble of winning the major cup competition in three countries after already having won the FA Cup and the Welsh Cup. He remained with Linfield until August 1932 when he returned to his first club Crusaders.

## International career

Watson represented Ireland at youth level before receiving his first call-up to the senior side in February 1926, following a number of withdrawals due to injury, for a match against Scotland. Ireland lost the match 4–0.

## Later life

After retiring from playing, Watson managed amateur side Whiteabbey and also served on the club's committee. In his first season in charge, he led the club to the Irish Football Alliance title. His success saw him named on a three-man shortlist for the vacant managerial role at Bangor. He later became a referee in the Irish Junior League, officiating his first match in September 1938. Watson married his partner Daisy and the couple had four children. He died at his home in Newtownabbey in May 1978 at the age of 77.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | FA Cup | | Welsh Cup | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Cardiff City | 1925–26 | First Division | 30 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 0 |
| | 1926–27 | First Division | 33 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 45 | 0 |
| | 1927–28 | First Division | 21 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 23 | 0 |
| | 1928–29 | First Division | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | | | 85 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 102 | 0 |

## Honours

### Player

**Cardiff City**

**Linfield**

### Manager

**Whiteabbey**

* Irish Football Alliance winner: 1934–35

Bibliography * Shepherd, Richard (2002). *The Definitive: Cardiff City F.C*. Nottingham: SoccerData Publications. ISBN 1-899468-17-X.

## InfoBox

Tom Watson
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Thomas Houston Watson | | |
| Date of birth | (1900-10-04)4 October 1900 | | |
| Place of birth | Belfast, Northern Ireland | | |
| Date of death | 13 May 1978(1978-05-13) (aged 77) | | |
| Place of death | Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland | | |
| Height | 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Glenarm | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| –1925 | Crusaders |  |  |
| 1925–1929 | Cardiff City | 85 | (0) |
| 1929–1932 | Linfield |  |  |
| 1932–1934 | Crusaders |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1926 | Ireland | 1 | (0) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 1934– | Whiteabbey | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Bouchon (restaurant)

abstract: Bouchon is a French-style restaurant with locations in Yountville, California and Las Vegas. The restaurant was founded by Thomas Keller in 1998. The Yountville location was awarded a star by the Michelin Guide for its 2007 edition, but lost it fifteen years later with the 2022 update.

text:
# Bouchon (restaurant)

**Bouchon** (also known as **Bouchon Bistro**) is a French-style restaurant with locations in Yountville, California and Las Vegas. The restaurant was founded by Thomas Keller in 1998.

The Yountville location was awarded a star by the Michelin Guide for its 2007 edition, but lost it fifteen years later with the 2022 update.

Bouchon serves French bistro-style food customarily found in Europe; its culinary style has been described as informal with minimalist elements.

## Bouchon Bakery

Keller started and expanded Bouchon Bakery, a casual café which offers salads, sandwiches, and pastries at more affordable prices than his other restaurants. In 2012, Keller wrote a cookbook, *Bouchon Bakery*, based on recipes from the café.

38°24′10″N 122°21′43″W / 38.402645°N 122.361905°W / 38.402645; -122.361905

## InfoBox

| Bouchon | |
| --- | --- |
| Bouchon and Bouchon Bakery,<br>Yountville, California | |
|  | |
| Restaurant information | |
| Established | 1998 (1998) |
| Owner(s) | Thomas Keller |
| Head chef | Ryan King |
| Chef | Garett Michael |
| Food type | French |
| Street address | 6534 Washington St |
| City | Yountville |
| State | California |
| Postal/ZIP Code | 94599 |
| Country | United States |
| Other locations | Multiple |
| Website | bouchonbistro.com |


title: SS Iosco

abstract: Iosco was a Great Lakes freighter that served on the Great Lakes from her construction in 1891 to her foundering on September 2, 1905, when she and her tow, the schooner barge Olive Jeanette sank on Lake Superior. While Olive Jeanette's wreck was located in over 300 feet (91 m) of water about eight miles (13 km) off the Huron Islands in the 1990s, Iosco's wreck has not yet been found.

text:
# SS Iosco

***Iosco*** (Official number 100484) was a Great Lakes freighter that served on the Great Lakes from her construction in 1891 to her foundering on September 2, 1905, when she and her tow, the schooner barge *Olive Jeanette* sank on Lake Superior. While *Olive Jeanette*'s wreck was located in over 300 feet (91 m) of water about eight miles (13 km) off the Huron Islands in the 1990s, *Iosco*'s wreck has not yet been found.

## History

*Iosco* built by the West Bay City Shipbuilding Company (F.W. Wheeler Shipyards) of West Bay City, Michigan. She was named after Iosco County, which is a county in Michigan. She was one of three almost identical wooden ships including *Tampa*, *William F. Sauber*, *Uganda*, *C.F. Bielman* and *L.R. Doty*. She was launched on April 25, 1891, as hull number #80. She had a large white oak hull.

*Iosco* on the waysHull plans for *Iosco*'s sister ship, *Tampa*

At an overall length of 312 feet (95 m), *Iosco* was one of the largest wooden ships ever built. Her hull was 291 feet (89 m) between her perpendiculars, her beam was 41 feet (12 m) wide, and her cargo hold was 20 feet (6.1 m) deep. Because of her enormous size *Iosco* needed several steel arches, a steel keelson, steel cross bracing and several steel plates to increase her strength. *Iosco* had a three-cylinder triple expansion steam engine that was built by the Frontier Engine Works Company of Detroit, Michigan. Her massive triple expansion steam engine was capable of generating 1,000 hp (746 kW), her engine had cylinders of 20, 32.5 and 55 inches (51, 83 and 140 cm), each with a 42-inch (110 cm) stroke. She had two coal burning Scotch marine boilers that were 12 feet (3.7 m) high and 11.75 feet (3.58 m) wide. They also had a steam pressure of 167 pounds per square inch (1,150 kPa); her boilers were built by the Wickes Brothers of Saginaw, Michigan.

## Sinking

A September 6, 1905 issue of the Daily News Marshall, Michigan wrote an article about the foundering of *Iosco* and *Olive Jeanette*:

*"Pequaming, Mich., Sept. 6. -- The steamer Iosco will have to be added to the list of ships which foundered on Lake Superior in the great gale last Sunday, if the story told be the wreckage through which the tug D.L. Hebard passed Tuesday is well founded.*

*Life preservers marked Iosco and much other wreckage were found near Huron Island.* *The stem of a schooner had been thrown up on the end of Point Abbaye.* *The body of a sailor was found ten miles this side of Point Abbaye.*

*It is now believed that both the Iosco and the schooner Olive Jeannette, which the* Iosco *had in tow, foundered in the vicinity where the wreckage had been sighted.* *It is certain that the Olive Jeanette is lost.* *The lighthouse keeper on Huron Island plainly saw a big schooner founder four miles north of the light at 4 o'clock Sunday afternoon.* *No steamer was in sight at the time.* *The schooner when first sighted had jib and foresail set, and was nearly waterlogged.* *Not long afterward the ship went down.* *The lighthouse keeper had no means of rendering assistance in the tremendous sea running.* *The three days which have elapsed since the Olive Jeannette foundered would have brought news from the Iosco were that boat still afloat, but the owners at Cleveland last night gave up hope.* *The Iosco carried a crew of nineteen men. The Olive Jeannette carried a crew of seven men.* *The Iosco and Jeannette, laden with iron ore, left Duluth at noon last Thursday bound for Lake Erie.* *They were caught by the storm when halfway down Lake Superior, and must have been driven back with the hope of finding shelter among the islands east of Keweenaw Peninsula.* *The Iosco was commanded by Captain Nelson Gonyaw.*"

## InfoBox

| *Iosco* prior to her sinking | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | *Iosco* |
| Namesake | Iosco County, Michigan |
| Operator | * W.C. Penoyar 1891–1895 * Smith Transit Company 1895–1905 |
| Port of registry | United States, Rockport, Ohio |
| Builder | F.W. Wheeler & Company, West Bay City, Michigan |
| Yard number | 80 |
| Launched | April 25, 1891 |
| Completed | 1891 |
| In service | May 11, 1891 |
| Out of service | September 2, 1905 |
| Identification | U.S. Registry #100484 |
| Fate | Lost with all hands off Huron Island, Lake Superior |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Lake freighter |
| Tonnage |  |
| Length | 312 feet (95 m) LOA 291 ft (89 m) LBP |
| Beam | 41 feet (12 m) |
| Height | 20 feet (6.1 m) |
| Installed power | 2 × Scotch marine boilers |
| Propulsion |  |
| Crew | 19 |


title: Romanogobio parvus

abstract: Romanogobio parvus is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to the Kuban River in Russia. This species reaches a length of 7.5 cm (3.0 in).

text:
# Romanogobio parvus

***Romanogobio parvus*** is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to the Kuban River in Russia.

This species reaches a length of 7.5 cm (3.0 in).

## Etymology

The fishes name means "little".

## InfoBox

| *Romanogobio parvus* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Gobioninae |
| Genus: | *Romanogobio* |
| Species: | ***R. parvus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Romanogobio parvus***
Naseka & Jörg Freyhof, 2004 | |
|


title: Emanuel Matola

abstract: Emanuel Fernando Matola, commonly known as Nana, is a Mozambican former footballer who played as a midfielder. He played in 66 matches and scored five goals for the Mozambique national team from 1988 to 1999. He was named in Mozambique's squad for the 1998 African Cup of Nations tournament.

text:
# Emanuel Matola

**Emanuel Fernando Matola** (born 11 September 1967), commonly known as **Nana**, is a Mozambican former footballer who played as a midfielder. He played in 66 matches and scored five goals for the Mozambique national team from 1988 to 1999. He was named in Mozambique's squad for the 1998 African Cup of Nations tournament.

## InfoBox

Emanuel Matola
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Emanuel Fernando Matola | | |
| Date of birth | (1967-09-11) 11 September 1967 | | |
| Height | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Matchedje |  |  |
|  | Costa do Sol |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1992–1999 | Mozambique | 66 | (5) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Tyler (film)

abstract: Tyler is a Canadian television film, directed by Ralph L. Thomas and broadcast by CBC Television in 1978. The film stars R. H. Thomson as Tyler Dorsett, a young man who aspires to take over ownership and operation of the family farm where he grew up, but becomes drawn into unethical or illegal activities, such as gambling and cockfighting, as he desperately tries to raise the money to buy the farm within the 30-day deadline before his father sells out to a major agribusiness corporation. The film's teleplay was written by journalist Roy MacGregor. It had its television airing on September 30, 1978. In advance of its television premiere, the film had a theatrical screening at the Montreal World Film Festival, where it won the award for Best Canadian Film. Thomson received a Canadian Film Award nomination for Best Actor in a Non-Feature at the 29th Canadian Film Awards. It received several nominations at the ACTRA Awards in 1979, for Best Television Program, Best Performance in a Television Film (Thomson), Best Supporting Performance in a Television Film (Westgate) and Best Dramatic Writing for Television (MacGregor); Westgate and MacGregor won the awards in their categories.

text:
# Tyler (film)

***Tyler*** is a Canadian television film, directed by Ralph L. Thomas and broadcast by CBC Television in 1978. The film stars R. H. Thomson as Tyler Dorsett, a young man who aspires to take over ownership and operation of the family farm where he grew up, but becomes drawn into unethical or illegal activities, such as gambling and cockfighting, as he desperately tries to raise the money to buy the farm within the 30-day deadline before his father (Murray Westgate) sells out to a major agribusiness corporation.

The film's teleplay was written by journalist Roy MacGregor.

It had its television airing on September 30, 1978. In advance of its television premiere, the film had a theatrical screening at the Montreal World Film Festival, where it won the award for Best Canadian Film.

Thomson received a Canadian Film Award nomination for Best Actor in a Non-Feature at the 29th Canadian Film Awards. It received several nominations at the ACTRA Awards in 1979, for Best Television Program, Best Performance in a Television Film (Thomson), Best Supporting Performance in a Television Film (Westgate) and Best Dramatic Writing for Television (MacGregor); Westgate and MacGregor won the awards in their categories.

## InfoBox

| *Tyler* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Drama |
| Written by | Roy MacGregor |
| Directed by | Ralph L. Thomas |
| Starring | R. H. Thomson<br>Murray Westgate |
| Country of origin | Canada |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Editor | Ron Wisman |
| Running time | 90 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | CBC Television |
| Release | September 30, 1978 (1978-09-30) |


abstract: Still Stills: The Best of Stephen Stills is a compilation album of Stephen Stills, released on December 2, 1976 on Atlantic Records. Made up of songs from his first four Atlantic albums, including the two Manassas albums, it peaked at number 127 on the US charts, and increased Stills critical standing slightly. It was assembled without input from Stills himself, and is currently out of print.

text:
# Still Stills: The Best of Stephen Stills

***Still Stills: The Best of Stephen Stills*** is a compilation album of Stephen Stills, released on December 2, 1976 on Atlantic Records. Made up of songs from his first four Atlantic albums, including the two Manassas albums, it peaked at number 127 on the US charts, and increased Stills critical standing slightly. It was assembled without input from Stills himself, and is currently out of print.

## Content

This best-of album was a contractual fulfilment from his old record label Atlantic Records, after signing to Columbia Records in 1975, to capitalise on the commercial success of his reunion with Neil Young and the album *Long May You Run* from three months before. The album contains songs only released from his first two solo records, *Stephen Stills* and *Stephen Stills 2*, and from his two albums recorded with his band Manassas, *Manassas* and *Down the Road*. All songs included were released from 1970 to 1973, and this compilation has not been reissued on compact disc.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Sounds* |  |

*Billboard* said the set didn't feature Stills' most powerful and lasting work composed during his Buffalo Springfield and CSNY days, and said many of the tunes lack the substance and force that characterised his earlier work. *Cash Box* called the album a good reference for programmers and christmas sales, but featured a few singles that were overlooked on initial release.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Stephen Stills except where noted

Side one
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Love the One You're With" |  | 3:03 |
| 2. | "It Doesn't Matter" | Stills, Chris Hillman | 2:30 |
| 3. | "We Are Not Helpless" |  | 4:17 |
| 4. | "Marianne" |  | 2:27 |
| 5. | "Bound to Fall" | Mike Brewer, Tom Mastin | 1:57 |
| 6. | "Isn't It About Time" |  | 3:02 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Change Partners" |  | 3:13 |
| 2. | "Go Back Home" |  | 5:56 |
| 3. | "Johnny's Garden" |  | 2:46 |
| 4. | "Rock & Roll Crazies/Cuban Bluegrass" | Stills, Dallas Taylor/Stills, Joe Lala | 3:34 |
| 5. | "Sit Yourself Down" |  | 3:05 |
| Total length: | | | 35:50 |

## Personnel

*See Stephen Stills 2 for personnel listing of "Marianne" and "Change Partners."*

**Technical Personnel**

* John David Kalodner — album coordination
* George Piros — audio mastering
* David Gahr — photography
* Bob Defrin — art direction
* Michael John Bowen — thanks

## Charts

Chart performance for *Still Stills: The Best of Stephen Stills*
| Chart (1976-1977) | Peak position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard Top LPs & Tape* | 127 |
| US *Cash Box* Top 100 Albums | 145 |
| US *Record World* Album Chart | 145 |

## InfoBox

| Still Stills: The Best of Stephen Stills | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Stephen Stills | |
| Released | December 2, 1976 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 35:50 |
| Label | Atlantic |
| Producer | Stephen Stills, Bill Halverson, Chris Hillman, Dallas Taylor |
| Stephen Stills chronology | |
| *Long May You Run*
(1976) ***Still Stills: The Best of Stephen Stills***
(1976) *Thoroughfare Gap*
(1978) | |


title: Bryan Health

abstract: Bryan Health is an American not-for-profit healthcare organization located in Lincoln, Nebraska. The system operates an acute-care hospital, several outpatient clinics and a College of Health Sciences, as well as a physician network and a heart institute.

text:
# Bryan Health

**Bryan Health** (formerly BryanLGH Health System) is an American not-for-profit healthcare organization located in Lincoln, Nebraska. The system operates an acute-care hospital, several outpatient clinics and a College of Health Sciences, as well as a physician network and a heart institute.

## History

The organization was formed in 1997 by the merger of two pre-existing hospitals in Lincoln: Bryan Memorial Hospital and Lincoln General Hospital. The name BryanLGH was chosen to reflect the names of the pre-existing hospitals, both of which had been in operation since 1926. The College of Health Sciences also opened in 1926 as Bryan School of Nursing. Bryan's physician network and heart institute have been added since the merger.

The organization's name is derived from William Jennings Bryan's gift of land to the United Methodist Church for a hospital in 1922.

The Vice President of United States Richard Bruce Cheney was born in Bryan Memorial Hospital at 1941.

## Healthcare facilities

The hospital known as Bryan Medical Center, founded in 1926, operates as two campuses, Bryan Medical Center East and Bryan Medical Center West, which are often still referred to locally as Bryan Memorial and Lincoln General. In 2012 the name was changed from BryanLGH Medical Center. The hospital has 672 beds and serves patients from throughout Nebraska and neighboring states.

The system operates the Crete Area Medical Center (founded in 1950), a full-service rural health clinic in Crete, Nebraska with 24 licensed beds. Bryan Health operates the Kearney Regional Medical Center with 93 licensed beds founded in 2014 in Kearney, Nebraska.

## Leadership

Russ Gronewold was named CEO of Bryan in 2019. He was previously CFO. The appointment was controversial because of Gronewold's prior affiliation with the Nebraska Family Alliance, a socially conservative lobbying group.

## College of Health Sciences

The College of Health Sciences offers undergraduate degrees in Nursing, Ultrasound, Pre-med, Pre-PT and other health professions, and a Doctoral degree in Nurse Anesthesia Practice an Education Doctorate with Emphasis in Nursing Education and a Masters in Nursing with a track in Leadership or Education to choose from, as well as certificate programs for ancillary health professions.

1. "Lincoln Hospital Name Change" Archived 2014-08-09 at the Wayback Machine, WOWT News, March 19, 2012
2. "BryanLGH will change its name to Bryan", Journal-Star, March 19, 2012
3. "History". Bryan College of Health Sciences. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
4. "Hicks: How about the 'Dick Cheney Plaza'?". *Journalstar.com*.
5. "History". *Bryan Health College*. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
6. , Bryan Health System website
7. "Crete Area Medical Center". *D&B*. Retrieved March 11, 2022.
8. "Hospital Roster" (PDF). *DHHS Nebraska*. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
9. Olberding, Matt (December 10, 2019). "Kim Russel reflects on her time at Bryan as Gronewold prepares to take over as president/CEO". *Lincoln Journal Star*. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
10. "About the college", Bryan Health System website

## InfoBox

Bryan Health
|
|  |
| Company type | Nonprofit organization |
| Industry | Health care |
| Genre | Health Care System |
| Headquarters | Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S. |
| Services | Hospital |
| Number of employees | 3,500 |
| Website | www.bryanhealth.com |