title: Robert Picard

abstract: Robert Rene Joseph Picard is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player.

text:
# Robert Picard

**Robert Rene Joseph Picard** (born May 25, 1957) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player.

## Career

Robert Picard established himself as a highly regarded defensive prospect with the Montreal Juniors and Montreal Bleu Blanc Rouge from 1973 to 1977. He was selected 3rd overall by the Washington Capitals in the 1977 NHL Entry Draft.

In Washington, expectations were high due to the team's abysmal performance, and Picard was expected to single-handedly reverse the losing fortunes. Picard played well, but after three seasons of unrealistic expectations he was traded to Toronto in exchange for goaltender Mike Palmateer. Toronto management gave Picard little opportunity to show what he was capable of, sending him to his hometown Montreal Canadiens in exchange for Michel Larocque in March, 1981. In his hometown, the expectations were raised even higher and, as before, Picard, in his sensitivity, tried to do more than he could.

In 1983, he was traded to the Winnipeg Jets and was paired with fellow defender Randy Carlyle, with whom he found an opportunity to play within his means. The time in Winnipeg was good but short. Just over two seasons later, he was again on the move, this time to the Quebec Nordiques, where he was a regular on the blueline for four seasons before retiring after a 20-game stint with the Red Wings in 1990.

## Trivia

On November 4, 1983, Picard was traded to the Winnipeg Jets by the Montreal Canadiens for Winnipeg's 3rd round choice in the 1984 Entry Draft, Montreal would use that draft pick to select goaltender Patrick Roy, who would go on to a Hall of Fame career.

Robert Picard signed with the Capitals after he was drafted with the team’s first choice (third overall) in the 1977 NHL amateur draft. He later realized he could make more money in the World Hockey Association and signed a five-year deal for $625,000 with the WHA’s Quebec Nordiques in Sept., 1977. But the WHA barred Picard from playing with the Nords, realizing that the league would face a lawsuit from the NHL if he suited up. An angry and frustrated Picard said "I’d rather deliver pizzas in Quebec City" than play hockey in Washington. A few days later he reported for his first Capitals training camp.

## Career statistics

### Regular season and playoffs

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1973–74 | Montreal Bleu Blanc Rouge | QMJHL | | 70 | 7 | 46 | 53 | 286 | | 9 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| 1974–75 | Montreal Bleu Blanc Rouge | QMJHL | | 70 | 13 | 74 | 87 | 337 | | 8 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 37 |
| 1975–76 | Montreal Juniors | QMJHL | | 72 | 14 | 67 | 81 | 282 | | 6 | 2 | 9 | 11 | 25 |
| 1976–77 | Montreal Juniors | QMJHL | | 70 | 32 | 60 | 92 | 267 | | 13 | 2 | 10 | 12 | 20 |
| 1977–78 | Washington Capitals | NHL | | 75 | 10 | 27 | 37 | 101 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1978–79 | Washington Capitals | NHL | | 77 | 21 | 44 | 65 | 85 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1979–80 | Washington Capitals | NHL | | 78 | 11 | 43 | 54 | 122 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1980–81 | Toronto Maple Leafs | NHL | | 59 | 6 | 19 | 25 | 68 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1980–81 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | | 8 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1981–82 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | | 62 | 2 | 26 | 28 | 106 | | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 7 |
| 1982–83 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | | 64 | 7 | 31 | 38 | 60 | | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1983–84 | Montreal Canadiens | NHL | | 7 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1983–84 | Winnipeg Jets | NHL | | 62 | 6 | 16 | 22 | 34 | | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
| 1984–85 | Winnipeg Jets | NHL | | 78 | 12 | 22 | 34 | 107 | | 8 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 |
| 1985–86 | Winnipeg Jets | NHL | | 20 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 17 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1985–86 | Quebec Nordiques | NHL | | 48 | 7 | 27 | 34 | 36 | | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 1986–87 | Quebec Nordiques | NHL | | 78 | 8 | 20 | 28 | 71 | | 13 | 2 | 10 | 12 | 10 |
| 1987–88 | Quebec Nordiques | NHL | | 65 | 3 | 13 | 16 | 103 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1988–89 | Quebec Nordiques | NHL | | 74 | 7 | 14 | 21 | 61 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1989–90 | Quebec Nordiques | NHL | | 24 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 28 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1989–90 | Detroit Red Wings | NHL | | 20 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 20 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| NHL totals | | | | 899 | 104 | 319 | 423 | 1,025 | | 36 | 5 | 15 | 20 | 39 |

### International

| Year | Team | Event |  | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1978 | Canada | WC | | 10 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| 1979 | Canada | WC | | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Senior totals | | | | 17 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |

## InfoBox

| Robert Picard | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Born | (1957-05-25) May 25, 1957
Montreal, Quebec, Canada | | |
| Height | 6 ft 02 in (188 cm) | | |
| Weight | 205 lb (93 kg; 14 st 9 lb) | | |
| Position | Defence | | |
| Shot | Left | | |
| Played for | Washington Capitals
Toronto Maple Leafs
Montreal Canadiens
Winnipeg Jets
Quebec Nordiques
Detroit Red Wings | | |
| National team | Canada | | |
| NHL draft | 3rd overall, 1977
Washington Capitals | | |
| WHA draft | 38th overall, 1977
Quebec Nordiques | | |
| Playing career | 19771990 | | |


title: Thornton, Rhode Island

abstract: Thornton is a neighborhood located in the north-west part of Cranston, Rhode Island on the Johnston line and extends into the Johnston side. Many of the residents of this Thornton are Italian-American, and the Feast of Saint Rocco, a Christian saint, is held every August on the grounds of St. Rocco's Church and remains an important cultural event in the community. Saint Rocco's Church was formerly on the Cranston side of Thornton on Clemence Street until the new church opened in 1951 on Atwood Avenue on the Johnston side of Thornton.

text:
# Thornton, Rhode Island

**Thornton** (formerly known as **Simmonsville** and **Lower Simmons Village**) is a neighborhood located in the north-west part of Cranston, Rhode Island on the Johnston line and extends into the Johnston side.

Many of the residents of this Thornton are Italian-American, and the Feast of Saint Rocco, a Christian saint, is held every August on the grounds of St. Rocco's Church and remains an important cultural event in the community. Saint Rocco's Church was formerly on the Cranston side of Thornton on Clemence Street until the new church opened in 1951 on Atwood Avenue on the Johnston side of Thornton.

* The life of Elder Abel Thornton: late of Johnston, R.I. A preacher in the Free-Will Baptist Connexion, and a member of the R.I.Q. meeting (Google eBook) (1828)

41°47′39″N 71°28′42″W / 41.79417°N 71.47833°W / 41.79417; -71.47833


title: Spokane Natural

abstract: Spokane Natural was an underground newspaper published biweekly in Spokane, Washington from May 5, 1967, to November 13, 1970, by the Mandala Printshop, and edited by Russ Nobbs. It belonged to the Underground Press Syndicate and the Liberation News Service. The first issue was produced out of a converted barbershop storefront cum bookstore and hangout called the "Hippie Mission" on a cul-de-sac in Spokane, where Russ Nobbs and a visiting friend from the SF Bay area, Ormond Otvos wrote and produced the first 8-page issue on a hand-cranked Spirit duplicator. After several issues of pale blue "Ditto" print on white paper, The Natural moved to colored papers and occasionally colored ink with a Gestetner Mimeograph duplicator. Ultimately, the newspaper was printed on newsprint by sheet fed or web presses by various printers in Spokane, Seattle and Davenport, WA. Part of the Spokane community was hostile and the storefront's windows were broken or shot out several times. One early contributor, George (Martin) Maloney Jr, replaced Ormond Otvos as co-editor and later edited the arts oriented Second Section of the Natural. Many local teenagers and college students helped with writing and street distribution/sales, leading to clashes with police and ACLU supported free speech efforts. The paper published "Letters from Jail" by catherine yronwode, who, along with 15 other people, had been arrested at nearby Tolstoy Peace Farm for growing marijuana. The staff and locals also served as a casual debriefing point for Vietnam war veterans, due to the paper's strong pacifist editorial bent. The original intent of the paper was to bring news of the Summer of Love and opening of the culture taking place "on the coasts", and eventually the paper's circulation grew to about 3000 copies. By late 1970 Nobbs gave the paper away to local people who changed the paper's name to the Provincial Press, keeping it alive under that title until May 1972. As the Provincial Press it began to focus on gay issues, becoming Spokane's first gay paper. Never achieving much of a national profile, the Natural was a lively but isolated outpost of the hippie counterculture in eastern Washington State. In 2010 Nobbs gave his full set of copies, photographic negatives, paste-ups and the original hand-cranked Gestetner mimeograph to the Eastern Washington Historical Society for their research library located on the grounds of the Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture.

text:
# Spokane Natural

***Spokane Natural*** was an underground newspaper published biweekly in Spokane, Washington from May 5, 1967, to November 13, 1970, by the Mandala Printshop, and edited by Russ Nobbs. It belonged to the Underground Press Syndicate and the Liberation News Service. The first issue was produced out of a converted barbershop storefront cum bookstore and hangout called the "Hippie Mission" on a cul-de-sac in Spokane, where Russ Nobbs and a visiting friend from the SF Bay area, Ormond Otvos wrote and produced the first 8-page issue on a hand-cranked Spirit duplicator. After several issues of pale blue "Ditto" print on white paper, The *Natural* moved to colored papers and occasionally colored ink with a Gestetner Mimeograph duplicator. Ultimately, the newspaper was printed on newsprint by sheet fed or web presses by various printers in Spokane, Seattle and Davenport, WA.

Part of the Spokane community was hostile and the storefront's windows were broken or shot out several times.

One early contributor, George (Martin) Maloney Jr, replaced Ormond Otvos as co-editor and later edited the arts oriented Second Section of the Natural. Many local teenagers and college students helped with writing and street distribution/sales, leading to clashes with police and ACLU supported free speech efforts. The paper published "Letters from Jail" by catherine yronwode, who, along with 15 other people, had been arrested at nearby Tolstoy Peace Farm for growing marijuana. The staff and locals also served as a casual debriefing point for Vietnam war veterans, due to the paper's strong pacifist editorial bent.

The original intent of the paper was to bring news of the Summer of Love and opening of the culture taking place "on the coasts", and eventually the paper's circulation grew to about 3000 copies. By late 1970 Nobbs gave the paper away to local people who changed the paper's name to the *Provincial Press*, keeping it alive under that title until May 1972. As the *Provincial Press* it began to focus on gay issues, becoming Spokane's first gay paper. Never achieving much of a national profile, the *Natural* was a lively but isolated outpost of the hippie counterculture in eastern Washington State.

In 2010 Nobbs gave his full set of copies, photographic negatives, paste-ups and the original hand-cranked Gestetner mimeograph to the Eastern Washington Historical Society for their research library located on the grounds of the Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture.

## InfoBox

Spokane Natural
| Cover of the Nov. 22, 1968 issue of *Spokane Natural*. Artwork by Steve Kensok. | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Semiweekly newspaper |
| Owner(s) | Underground Press Syndicate<br>Liberation News Service |
| Publisher | Mandala Printshop |
| Editor | Russ Nobbs |
| Founded | 1967 |
| Ceased publication | 1970 |
| Headquarters | Spokane, Washington |
| Circulation | 3000 (approx.) |
| OCLC number | 1766355 |


title: Effects of human sexual promiscuity

abstract: Human sexual promiscuity is the practice of having many different sexual partners. In the case of men, this behavior of sexual nondiscrimination and hypersexuality is referred to as satyriasis, while in the case of women, this behavior is conventionally known as nymphomania. Both conditions are regarded as possibly compulsive and pathological qualities, closely related to hyper-sexuality. The results of, or costs associated with, these behaviors are the effects of human sexual promiscuity. A high number of sexual partners in a person's life usually means they are at a higher risk of sexually transmitted infections and life-threatening cancers. These costs largely pertain to the dramatic consequences to physical and mental health. The physical health risks mainly consist of the sexually transmitted infection risks, such as HIV and AIDS, that increase as individuals have develop sexual partners over their lifetime. The mental health risks typically associated with promiscuous individuals are mood, and personality disorders, often resulting in substance use disorders and, or permanent illness. These effects typically translate into several other long-term issues in people's lives and in their relationships, especially in the case of adolescents or those with previous pathological illnesses, disorders, or factors such as family dysfunction and social stress. Research has also shown that there might be some benefit regarding the health fitness of the offsprings of promiscuous females in some animals.

text:
# Effects of human sexual promiscuity

Human sexual promiscuity is the practice of having many different sexual partners. In the case of men, this behavior of sexual nondiscrimination and hypersexuality is referred to as *satyriasis*, while in the case of women, this behavior is conventionally known as *nymphomania*. Both conditions are regarded as possibly compulsive and pathological qualities, closely related to hyper-sexuality. The results of, or costs associated with, these behaviors are the **effects of human sexual promiscuity**.

A high number of sexual partners in a person's life usually means they are at a higher risk of sexually transmitted infections and life-threatening cancers. These costs largely pertain to the dramatic consequences to physical and mental health. The physical health risks mainly consist of the sexually transmitted infection risks, such as HIV and AIDS, that increase as individuals have develop sexual partners over their lifetime. The mental health risks typically associated with promiscuous individuals are mood, and personality disorders, often resulting in substance use disorders and, or permanent illness. These effects typically translate into several other long-term issues in people's lives and in their relationships, especially in the case of adolescents or those with previous pathological illnesses, disorders, or factors such as family dysfunction and social stress.

Research has also shown that there might be some benefit regarding the health fitness of the offsprings of promiscuous females in some animals.

## Promiscuity in adolescents

The prevalence of promiscuity, in the case of adolescents, is known to be a root cause for many physical, mental, and socio-economic risks. Research has found that adolescents, in particular, are at a higher risk of negative consequences as a result of promiscuity.

In sub-Saharan Africa, adolescents engaged in promiscuous activities face many health and economic risks related to teenage pregnancy, maternal mortality, labor complications, and loss of educational opportunities.

It is suggested that the increasing association of sexually transmitted infections among adolescents could be a result of barriers to prevention and management services, such as infrastructural barriers (improper medical treatment facilities), cost barriers, educational barriers, and social factors such as concerns of confidentiality and embarrassment.

### Physical health effects

Incidence and prevalence estimates suggest that adolescents, in comparison to adults, are particularly at higher risk of developing sexually transmitted infections, such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis and herpes. It is accepted that adolescent females are especially at risk to develop sexually transmitted infections. This is claimed to be due to the increased cervical ectopy, which is more susceptible to infection. In addition to these risks, adolescent mothers, whose offspring are generally first-births, are at a higher risk of certain pregnancy and labor complications, which can affect the mother and the offspring, as well as the entire community and future generations.

#### Pregnancy and maternal labor complications

It has been found that pregnancy-related complications cause up to half of all deaths in women of reproductive age in developing countries. In some areas, for every one woman who dies a maternal death, there are 10-15 who suffer severe damage to health by labor, which often causes substantial mental health risks and distress. These figures, however, are estimations since official data is not recorded in registration systems. In the context of pregnancy, maternal complications, and maternal death, it has been studied that age itself may cause fewer health risks for the mother or the offspring due to the prevalence of first-births among the younger ages. First births are higher among teenagers and are usually more complicated than higher-order births. Included in these observations are other complications related to delivery such as cephalopelvic disproportion, which is a condition in which the mother's pelvis is too small relative to the child's head to allow the child to pass. Cephalopelvis disproportion is most common in younger women. Many of these risks are higher among younger females, and a more mature physique is considered to be ideal for a successful pregnancy and childbearing. A mother older than 35 years old, however, may at a higher risk of facing various other labor complications.

In a study of over 22,000 births in Zaria, Nigeria, it was found that maternal mortality was 2-3 times higher for women 15 years old and under than for women from 16–29 years old. It was also found that in Africa, those under the age of 15 are 5-7 times more likely to have maternal deaths than women just 5–9 years older.

#### Sexually transmitted infections

While rates of these sexually transmitted infections increased for 15-24 year-old individuals in the United States for both males and females in 2016–2017, the rates of chlamydia are found to be consistently highest among 15-24 year-old young women. Reported cases of primary and secondary syphilis have consistently been higher among adolescent men and women compared to adult men and women. In the United States in 2017, there were 1,069,111 reported cases of chlamydia among persons aged 15–25, which represented the majority, almost 63%, of all chlamydia cases in the United States. These figures increased by 7.5% from 2016 in the 15-25 age group. In the 20-24 age group, the rate was increased by 5.0% during the same time frame. Among men in the 15-24 age group, there was an increase of 8.9% in 2017 since 2016 and an increase of 29.1% since 2013.

Gonorrhea infection cases were also reported to have increased for the 15-19 year age group in 2017 since 2016. In the case of women aged 15–24, there was an increase of 14.3% in 2017 since 2016, and a 24.1% increase since 2013. Among men, the rate of reported gonorrhea infections rose 913.4% in 2017 since 2016 and 951.6% since 2013. 20-24-year-old women had the highest increase in reported cases of gonorrhea among women, and the 15-19 year old age group had the second highest rate of increase.

While cases of primary and secondary syphilis is much rarer than gonorrhea, chlamydia, and herpes, the reported cases had increased for both males and females. In 15-24-year-old women, the cases of syphilis had increased 107.8% in 2017 since 2016 and increased 583.3% since 2013. In the case of 15-24-year-old men, the rate increased 8.3% to 26.1 cases per 100,000 males in 2017 since 2016 and 50.9% since 2013. Primary and secondary syphilis reports increased 9.8% for the 15-19 year age group and 7.8% for the 20-24 year age group from 2016 to 2017.

In the United States, Human papillomavirus is the most common STI. Routine use of HPV vaccines have greatly reduced the prevalence of HPV in specimens of females aged 14–19 and 20–24, the age group most at risk of contracting HPV, in 2011-2014 since 2003–2006.

### Mental health effects

Emotional and mental disruptions are also observed to be an effect of the promiscuity in adolescence. Studies have shown a correlation and direct relationship between adolescent sexual risk taking and mental health risks. Sexual risks include multiple sexual partners, lack of protection use, and sexual intercourse at a young age. The mental risks that are associated with these include cognitive disorders such as anxiety, depression, and a substance use disorder. It is also found that sexual promiscuity in teens can be a result of substance misuse and pre-existing mental health conditions such as clinical depression.

In relation to the contraction of sexually transmitted infections, there is shown to be a correlation to decreased mental health. The neurosyphilis disease is known to cause extreme depression, mania, psychosis, and even hallucinations in late stages of the diseases. The chlamydia infection is known to increase rates of depression even in asymptomatic individuals.

STIs can put women at a high risk for infertility, which generally leads to feelings of depression. This holds true for women who are still able to conceive because there is a high risk of transferring the disease to their child through pregnancy or child birth.

Women are of higher susceptibility to psychosocial mental health effects of STIs. They report to having feelings immense of shame, guilt, and self blame after diagnosis. This can lead to avoidant behaviors and fear of disclosure to not only sexual partners but family and friends. All of these behaviors are associated with a decline to mental health, whether it is depression, anxiety, or any other disorder.

Other factors contribute to how STIs effect mental health and these include history of trauma and stigma from the disease.

### Socio and economic effects

Sexual risk-taking and promiscuous activities, in regards to the youth, can also lead to many social and economic risks. In sub-Saharan Africa, for example, research has found that teenage pregnancy poses significant social and economic risks, as it forces young women, particularly those from extremely low-income families, to leave school to pursue childbearing. These disruptions in basic education pose life-long and generational risks to those involved. Social condemnation also prevents these young mothers from seeking help, and as a result are at a higher risk for developing other physical and mental risks, which can later result in physical health risks and substance use.

## Promiscuity in adults

Sexual promiscuity in adults, as with adolescents, presents substantial risks to physical, mental, and socioeconomic health. Having multiple sexual partners is linked with risks such as maternal deaths and complications, cancers, sexually transmitted infections, alcohol, and substance use, and social condemnation in some societies. A higher number of sexual partners poses a greater risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections, mental health issues, and alcohol/substance use. Adults, however, are generally found to be less at risk of certain pregnancy and labor complications, such as cephalopelvis disproportion, than adolescents, while being at higher risk for other labor complications.

### Physical health effects

Promiscuity in adults has detrimental effects on physical health. As the number of sexual partners a person has in his or her lifetime increases, the higher the risk he or she contracts sexually transmitted infections. The length of a sexual relationship with a partner, the number of past and present partners, and pre-existing conditions are all variables that affect the development of risks in a person's life. Promiscuous individuals may also be at a higher risk of developing prostate cancer, cervical cancer, and oral cancer as a result of having multiple sexual partners, and combined with other risky acts such as smoking, and substance use, promiscuity can also lead to heart disease.

Despite the frequency of HIV/AIDS cases decreasing as medical treatment and education on the matter improve, HIV/AIDS has still been responsible for over 20 million lives in 20 years, greatly affecting the livelihoods of whole communities in developing nations. According to the World Health Organization, over 40 million people are currently infected with HIV/AIDS, and 95% of these cases are in the developing world.

Over 340 million treatable sexually transmitted infections affect people around the world each year, which presents a great risk to individuals as they become more susceptible to HIV and more likely to spread the virus.

Studies have also shown that individuals who engage in long-term relationships, as opposed to hypersexual and promiscuous behavior are less likely to fall victim to domestic violence.

### Mental health effects

According to research conducted by Sandhya Ramrakha of the Dunedin School of Medicine, the probability of developing a substance use disorder increased linearly with an increase in the number of sexual partners. This was particularly greater for women, however, there was no correlation with other mental health risks. This contrasts other studies that find there indeed is a correlation between mental health risk and multiple sexual partners.

### Social and economic effects

Having multiple sexual partners frequently adversely affects educational opportunities for young women, which can affect their careers and opportunities as adults; the frequency of multiple sexual partners have negative long-term economic effects for women as a result of a loss of schooling. There is little evidence, however, that the number of sexual partners adversely affects the educational and economic opportunities for males.

## Reducing the effects

Human sexual promiscuity presents substantial physical, mental, and socio-economic risks to adolescents as well as adults in all parts of the world. Researchers and organizations have identified ways of reducing these risks over time. These include the prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted infections and other effects of human sexual promiscuity.

### Prevention

According to the World Health Organization, the reduction in the harmful risks of human sexual promiscuity can be achieved first by prevention. These are sustained through HIV and STI prevention programs, defined in the Declaration of Commitment during the United Nations General Assembly on HIV/AIDS in June 2001. Safe sex, condom and contraceptive usage and effectual STI management are essential in preventing the spread of these sexually transmitted infections, and it can also improve the social and economic status of entire communities as young women can pursue education instead of childbearing. At a large enough scale with a target on STI concentrated locations with high rates of STIs, these programs can greatly reduce the effects of promiscuity.

### Treatment

Many of these lower-income areas lack proper equipment or facilities to treat these risks. Expansion of antiretroviral treatment and the enabling of broader access to all medical services and support can be paramount in the treatment of sexually transmitted infections once they occur. For the mental health risks that human sexual promiscuity presents, effective counseling services, and facilities must be offered, enabling the reduction of these risks over time.

Societal effects of promiscuity may include crimes of passion as jealous partners may seek to drive-off competition. Also, child support may be reduced as males may be loth to contribute to support of children who may not be their own. https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/crime-passion-and-changing-cultural-construction-jealousy https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/child-support/paternity/mistaken-paternity#:~:text=If%20the%20genetic%20testing%20results,child%20relationship%20and%20support%20obligation.

(Trying for first time here to cite references)


title: Blake Fell

abstract: Blake Fell is a hill in the Western part of the English Lake District. It is the highest point of the Loweswater Fells, an area of low grassy hills with steep sides overlooking the lake of Loweswater. The fell also overlooks the village of Loweswater, from which it can be climbed. An alternative route is from the Cogra Moss reservoir on its western slopes. Because the Loweswater Fells are a separate geographical unit, Blake Fell is a Marilyn. It is located in the Parish of Lamplugh.

text:
# Blake Fell

**Blake Fell** is a hill in the Western part of the English Lake District. It is the highest point of the Loweswater Fells, an area of low grassy hills with steep sides overlooking the lake of Loweswater. The fell also overlooks the village of Loweswater, from which it can be climbed. An alternative route is from the Cogra Moss reservoir on its western slopes. Because the Loweswater Fells are a separate geographical unit, Blake Fell is a Marilyn. It is located in the Parish of Lamplugh.

## Topography

The Western Fells occupy a triangular sector of the Lake District, bordered by the River Cocker to the north east and Wasdale to the south east. Westwards the hills diminish toward the coastal plain of Cumberland. At the central hub of the high country are Great Gable and its satellites, while two principal ridges fan out on either flank of Ennerdale, the western fells in effect being a great horseshoe around this long wild valley. Blake Fell and the other Loweswater Fells form the extremity of the northern arm.

The Loweswater Fells have been compared to the digits of a hand, radiating out south westward from the "palm" centred on Loweswater village. From the west these are Burnbank Fell, Blake Fell, Gavel Fell, Hen Comb and Mellbreak, the "thumb".

Blake Fell is the highest hill in this group, the summit area being a long ridge running southwest along the "finger". This begins above the shore of Loweswater, rising steeply through the mixed forestry of Holme Wood to the craggy height of Loweswater End. Atop the rise is Carling Knott, 1,784 ft (544 m), the north eastern summit. The ridge then dips slightly, the landscape changing from rock outcrop to grass, before the final ascent to Blake Fell. A transverse ridge now connects northwards to Burnbank Fell, in truth an outlier of Blake Fell, but given separate status by Alfred Wainwright in his influential *Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells*. Southward is the narrow grassy col of Fothergill Head, providing a much more tenuous link to Gavel Fell. The western slopes are heavily wooded with conifers and contoured by forest roads.

In addition to Carling Knott, Blake Fell has a number of other subsidiary tops. Descending south west from the summit are High Pen, 1,558 ft (475 m), Low Pen, 1,427 ft (435 m), Godworth, 1,197 ft (365 m), and Kelton Fell, 1,020 ft (310 m). Beyond lie the Croasdale road and the West Cumberland plain. Standing aloof from these tops, but still within Blake Fell's orbit, is Knock Murton at 1,467 ft (447 m). This is a steep sided fell, forested on the western flank and with sufficient prominence that it is only barely excluded from the list of Marilyns in its own right. Blake Fell also extends a western ridge over the prominent top of Sharp Knott, 1,581 ft (482 m), and the wooded High Howes, 1,027 ft (313 m), falling gently to the village of Lamplugh. These tops are recognised in some guidebooks.

Drainage from the western slopes flows via Sharp Knott Gill and Fother Gill to Cogra Moss. This is a reservoir sitting in the deep valley between Blake Fell and Knock Murton, a reed rimmed waterbody held back by a substantial dam at the western end. Also known as Arlecdon Reservoir, it has a depth of around 30 feet (10 m). The waters from this flank of the fell join the River Marron and ultimately the Derwent. The eastern face of Blake Fell flows either to Loweswater or to its outfall, ensuring that all of the drainage eventually runs to the River Derwent.

## Geology

The summit of Blake Fell is representative of the Kirkstile Formation, laminated mudstone and siltstone typical of the Skiddaw fells. The rougher terrain of Carling Knott is an outcropping of the underlying Loweswater Formation, composed of greywacke sandstone turbidities.

Knock Murton and Kelton Fell bear the scars of mining activity, having been the site of extensive haematite workings. Between 1853 and their closure in 1914 these mines produced anything up to 60,000 tons of ore per year. A railway, the Rowrah and Kelton Fell Line, was built up the valley between the two hills, the line of which can still be traced. A further working, the Croasdale Iron Mine, operated to the south of Kelton Fell.

## Summit

The summit is a grassy dome decorated with a large cairn, the meeting point of paths from the various ridges. Westwards there is no higher ground to interrupt the sea view. To the east is a fine array of hills stretching from Binsey in the north to Grike in the south. The North Western Fells across Crummock Water are particularly fine, although much better seen from Loweswater End.

## Ascents

From Loweswater village a direct line can be taken up Carling Knott, or a more southerly approach made via High Nook Beck. From the west, Lamplugh or Felldyke provide good access, lying at either end of a network of footpaths. These connect to the track alongside Cogra Moss which can be used to gain the high ground via Low Pen. Knock Murton can also be ascended from the head of the reservoir.

## InfoBox

| Blake Fell | |
| --- | --- |
| Blake Fell seen over the reservoir of Cogra Moss. | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 573 m (1,880 ft) |
| Prominence | 164 m (538 ft) |
| Parent peak | High Stile |
| Listing | Marilyn, Wainwright |
| Coordinates | 54°33′50″N 3°22′41″W / 54.56377°N 3.37793°W / 54.56377; -3.37793 |
| Naming | |
| English translation | (possibly Black Fell) |
| Language of name | Old English |
| Geography | |
| Blake FellLocation in the Lake District National ParkBlake FellLocation in Allerdale, CumbriaBlake FellLocation in Copeland, Cumbria | |
| Location | Cumbria, England |
| Parent range | Lake District, Western Fells |
| OS grid | NY110196 |
| Topo map | OS *Landranger* 89, 90, *Explorer* OL4 |


title: Blaško Rajić

abstract: Blaško Stipan Rajić was a Catholic priest, writer and politician from the region of Bačka who was known for his involvement in the creation of Yugoslavia after the Croatian national revival. He wrote poetry and prose works.

text:
# Blaško Rajić

**Blaško Stipan Rajić** (January 7, 1878 – January 3, 1951) was a Catholic priest, writer and politician from the region of Bačka who was known for his involvement in the creation of Yugoslavia after the Croatian national revival. He wrote poetry and prose works.

## Biography

Rajić was born in Subotica and attended elementary school there, while his middle school education (gymnasium) and studium (theology) he had in Kalocsa.

After ending the study, he became priest on June 24, 1902. His area of service was the region of Bačka, which at the time was a southern part of Austria-Hungary, and he served in villages with numerous Croat inhabitants. First, he was the chaplain in Dusnok, where he stayed for few years. There he fought against Nasarenism.

In 1904 he's transferred to another village with numerous Croat inhabitants in southern Austria-Hungary, Hercegszántó. There he has remained for three years. After chaplainship in Hercegszántó, the service brought him back to his Subotica, where he was the chaplain until 1911.

After World War I, Bačka became part of newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

Later he became the vicar in Subotica, and on that service he remained until his death in 1951.

He's the author of the prayer book *Duhovna mana*.

### Political work

He early joined Illyrian movement, (Croatian national revival) along with Bačka Croats and Ivan Antunović. After the death of priest Pajo Kujundžić in 1915, another Croat from Bačka, Rajić took the lead role among Croat priests in Bačka.

He has engaged himself intensely to pull Bačka into unified South Slavic country. Because of it, he travelled abroad and even participated at a Peace Conference in Paris. After seeing how things have developed after 1918, he was disappointed in his political views.

On September 22, 1919 he was a participant of the delegation of Bunjevci that went to Paris on conference to talk with foreign diplomats. Rajić said himself, that he went into politics because the circumstances forced him to, all to help his Croat people.

Later, he was a leader of Bunjevac-Šokac Party (Bunjevačko-šokačka stranka), and after disagreements with party leadership, he led People's party of Vojvodina (Vojvođanska pučka stranka), and later he turned to Croatian leader Stjepan Radić, whose party, HSS, Rajić resiliently supported.

During World War II, his activity was interrupted. He was arrested and imprisoned on April 12, 1941. Greater Hungarian circles couldn't forgive him his struggle for separating Bačka and merging it to unified South Slavic state. Hungarian extremists have imprisoned him into the caserne of cavalry in Subotica, where they've tortured him. He was pulled out of there thanks to intercession of Croatian episcopate and Dr. Alojzije Stepinac.

With the mediation of Vatican, he was interned on May 25, 1941 in Franciscan monastery in Budapest. He returned to his previous service in Subotica in April 1943, and that way remained until its death in 1951.

His contemporaries witnessed about him as deep thinker and as a person with firm beliefs and attitudes.

He was the editor of the Croatian-language magazine from Subotica, Naše novine, the organ of Land's Christian Socialist Party (Zemaljska kršćansko-socijalna stranka).

## Rajić and Croat national revival

He was known by his persisting on Croat national consciousness of Bunjevci.

When he was in Zagreb April 23, 1939, leading the 50 deputies of Bunjevci and Šokci from Bačka, he said (and next day it was in *Hrvatski dnevnik* newspaper): ”*Bunjevci i Šokci u Bačkoj... priznaju se za česti i uda onoga naroda koji živi u Međimurju, u Zagorju, u Lici pod Velebitom, na Hrvatskom Primorju, koji s nama isti jezik govori, najvećim dijelom istu vjeru ispovijeda, odgojen na grudima iste kulture, iz koje je ustao Ante Starčević i Stjepan Radić. Priznajemo se za česti hrvatskoga naroda, s kojim želimo dijeliti sudbinu u borbi i pregaranju za sve, što je Bog svakom narodu namijenio za čestiti, sretan i pravedan narodni život...*".

Same year, on November 10, 1939, on a celebration organized on a subject of secession of Subotica from the Kingdom of Hungary, he said (and next day it stated in *Zagrebačke novosti*: "*Izrekli smo nebrojeno puta jasno i glasno i to su svi morali čuti, da smo mi Bunjevci članovi hrvatskoga naroda... Ne samo voljom, već i svim silama nastojat ćemo da... svi mi Bunjevci ostanemo, što smo od iskona bili, Hrvati Bunjevci u sklopu današnje države...*".

He wrote **Bunjevčice: crtice iz života bunjevačkih Hrvata*, Hrv. knjiž. društvo sv. Jeronima, Zagreb, 1937.

1. "Možemo li kazati da su Hrvati Bunjevci?". *zvonik.rs*.

## Literature

* Geza Kikić: *Antologija proze bunjevačkih Hrvata*, Matica Hrvatska, Zagreb, 1971.
* Geza Kikić: *Antologija poezije bunjevačkih Hrvata*, Matica Hrvatska, Zagreb, 1971.


title: Blairich River

abstract: The Blairich River is a river in the Marlborough district of New Zealand. It is a tributary of the Awatere River

text:
# Blairich River

The **Blairich River** is a river in the Marlborough district of New Zealand. It is a tributary of the Awatere River

41°42′S 173°56′E / 41.700°S 173.933°E / -41.700; 173.933

## InfoBox

| Blairich River | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Awatere River |
| elevation | about 130 m (430 ft) |


title: Bloodhounds of Broadway (1989 film)

abstract: Bloodhounds of Broadway is a 1989 American ensemble period comedy film based on four Damon Runyon stories: "The Bloodhounds of Broadway", "A Very Honorable Guy", "The Brain Goes Home" and "Social Error". Directed by Howard Brookner, it stars Matt Dillon, Jennifer Grey, Anita Morris, Julie Hagerty, Rutger Hauer, Madonna, Esai Morales and Randy Quaid. Madonna and Jennifer Grey perform a duet, "I Surrender Dear", during the film. Madonna earned a Golden Raspberry Award nomination for Worst Supporting Actress for her performance in the film, where she lost to Brooke Shields for Speed Zone. Bloodhounds of Broadway was Brookner's only feature-length film; he died shortly before the film opened. The film was recut by the studio and Walter Winchell-esque narration was added. The film received negative reviews. Six months following its theatrical release, the film was televised as a presentation of PBS's American Playhouse on May 23, 1990.

text:
# Bloodhounds of Broadway (1989 film)

***Bloodhounds of Broadway*** is a 1989 American ensemble period comedy film based on four Damon Runyon stories: "The Bloodhounds of Broadway", "A Very Honorable Guy", "The Brain Goes Home" and "Social Error". Directed by Howard Brookner, it stars Matt Dillon, Jennifer Grey, Anita Morris, Julie Hagerty, Rutger Hauer, Madonna, Esai Morales and Randy Quaid. Madonna and Jennifer Grey perform a duet, "I Surrender Dear", during the film. Madonna earned a Golden Raspberry Award nomination for Worst Supporting Actress for her performance in the film, where she lost to Brooke Shields for *Speed Zone*.

*Bloodhounds of Broadway* was Brookner's only feature-length film; he died shortly before the film opened. The film was recut by the studio and Walter Winchell-esque narration was added. The film received negative reviews. Six months following its theatrical release, the film was televised as a presentation of PBS's *American Playhouse* on May 23, 1990.

## Plot

Broadway, New Year's Eve, 1928. A muckraking reporter, Waldo Winchester, frames four major stories during the wild New Year's Eve of 1928.

The story starts in a diner. The Brain, a gangster with multiple girlfriends, is accompanied by a gambler named Regret (after the only horse he ever placed a winning bet) and an outsider who (with his bloodhounds) is being treated to a meal. Feet Samuels (so named because of his big feet) is in love with a showgirl named Hortense Hathaway, who is tossed out of the diner because of an unsavory reputation. Feet plans to have one wild night before committing suicide, having sold his body in advance to a medical doctor to avoid welching on a bet.

Harriet MacKyle, a sheltered but friendly socialite, makes arrangements with a smooth-talking fixer for a big party that night at her estate, where many of the players will later attend. She has an interest in the exciting but dangerous criminal element. A girl selling flowers comes in after Feet makes a full payment of a debt to the Brain, so the Brain offers $5 for a 5-cent flower, telling her to keep the change. But before he can leave, a hitman for the Brooklyn Mob stabs him. The wounded Brain tells his men to take him "home", but his many girlfriends refuse to allow him in for various reasons.

Feet gets involved in a high-stakes craps game. With considerable luck, he wins a massive payoff of money and jewelry. Regret suggests they find another game, but Feet reveals his plan to kill himself. Regret tries to talk him out of it, but Feet, sworn to see his last promise fulfilled, is adamant. Regret dials up the reporter, who is now at MacKyle's party, and asks him to talk to Hortense (his niece) and get her to realize Feet is smitten with her.

Hortense must try to persuade Feet that she wants to quit her life as a lounge singer, move to New Jersey and raise a family. Regret, meanwhile, continues to be the world's unluckiest gambler, but showgirl Lovey Lou is in love with him anyway.

## Cast

## Production

Principal photography of the film began on December 24, 1987 and completed on February 10, 1988. It was filmed in four cities in New Jersey: Union City, Newark, Jersey City and Montclair.

## Reception

*Bloodhounds of Broadway* received negative reviews from critics. Produced on a budget of $4 million, the film grossed less than $44,000 in its limited release.

## InfoBox

| Bloodhounds of Broadway | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Howard Brookner |
| Written by | Howard Brookner
Colman deKay
Damon Runyon (stories) |
| Produced by | Samuel Benedict
Chris Brigham
Howard Brookner
Colman deKay
Kevin Dowd
Lindsay Law |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Elliot Davis |
| Edited by | Camilla Toniolo |
| Music by | Jonathan Sheffer |
| Production
company | American Playhouse |
| Distributed by | Columbia Pictures |
| Release date | * November 3, 1989 (1989-11-03) |
| Running time | 93 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $4 million |
| Box office | $43,671 |


title: Blushing Groom

abstract: Blushing Groom was a French champion Thoroughbred racehorse and sire.

text:
# Blushing Groom

**Blushing Groom** (8 April 1974 – 6 May 1992) was a French champion Thoroughbred racehorse and sire.

## Background

He was bred by American businessman John McNamee Sullivan and was raced by HH Aga Khan IV. A descendant of Nearco, Blushing Groom was sired by Red God and out of the mare Runaway Bride. He was trained by François Mathet in France.

## Racing record

Blushing Groom raced six times in 1976 at age two. He finished third in his debut, then won the next five races, including four Group One events, capturing the Prix Robert Papin, Prix Morny, Prix de la Salamandre, and Grand Critérium. His performances earned him French Champion Two-Year-Old honors.

As a three-year-old, Blushing Groom extended his win streak to seven, winning the 1977 Prix de Fontainebleau and the GI Poule d'Essai des Poulains. Sent to England to compete in The Derby, he faced a 1½ mile challenge, a distance fifty per cent longer than he had ever run before. He finished third to winner The Minstrel, a son of Northern Dancer. In his final race, Blushing Groom finished second in France's GI Prix Jacques Le Marois.

## Stud record

Although Blushing Groom met with considerable success in racing, he became an even greater as a sire. He was sent to stand at stud at Gainesway Farm in Lexington, Kentucky, where he sired winners at major tracks in Europe, North America, Australia, Japan, and Hong Kong. Like his sire Red God, Blushing Groom had been a champion miler but many of his offspring are renowned for their stamina and have been able to win consistently at longer distances.

Blushing Groom has sired 92 stakes winners. Some of his notable progeny includes:

Among others, Blushing Groom is the grandsire of Tawrrific, Let's Elope, Cherokee Run, Silic, Subordination, Congaree, Leroidesanimaux, Tie the Knot, Swain, Dreaming of Anna, Bago and 2006 World Champion, Invasor. He is also the damsire of Awesome Again, Kahyasi, Lammtarra, Mayano Top Gun, 2000 Japanese Horse of the Year T M Opera O, and Goldikova.

Blushing Groom died in 1992 and is buried at Gainesway Farm in Lexington, Kentucky.

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Blushing Groom (FR), chestnut stallion, 1974
| Sire
Red God (USA)
Ch. 1954 | Nasrullah (IRE)
1940 | Nearco (ITY) | Pharos |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Nogara |
| | Mumtaz Begum (FR) | Blenheim |
| | Mumtaz Mahal |
| | Spring Run
1948 | Menow | Pharamond |
| | | Alcibiades |
| | Boola Brook | Bull Dog |
| | Brookdale |
| Dam
Runaway Bride (GB)
1962 | Wild Risk (FR)
1940 | Rialto | Rabelais |
| | | La Grelee |
| | Wild Violet | Blandford |
| | Wood Violet |
| | Aimee
1957 | Tudor Minstrel (IRE) | Owen Tudor |
| | | Sansonnet |
| | Emali | Umidwar |
| | Eclair (Family: 22-d) |

Notes Sources

## InfoBox

| Blushing Groom | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Sire | Red God |
| Grandsire | Nasrullah |
| Dam | Runaway Bride |
| Damsire | Wild Risk |
| Sex | Stallion |
| Foaled | 8 April 1974 |
| Country | France |
| Colour | Chestnut |
| Breeder | John McNamee Sullivan |
| Owner | HH Aga Khan IV |
| Trainer | François Mathet |
| Record | 10: 7-1-2 |
| Earnings | $407,153 |
| Major wins | |
| Prix Robert Papin (1976)
Prix Morny (1976)
Prix de la Salamandre (1976)
Grand Critérium (1976)
Prix de Fontainebleau (1977)
Poule d'Essai des Poulains (1977) | |
| Awards | |
| French Champion Two-Year-Old Colt (1976)
European Champion 3-Year-Old Miler (1977)
Leading broodmare sire in Great Britain & Ireland (1988, 1995)
Leading sire in Great Britain & Ireland (1989)
Timeform rating: 136 | |
| Last updated on 12 July 2022 | |


title: Block floating point

abstract: Block floating point (BFP) is a method used to provide an arithmetic approaching floating point while using a fixed-point processor. BFP assigns a group of significands to a single exponent, rather than single significand being assigned its own exponent. BFP can be advantageous to limit space use in hardware to perform the same functions as floating-point algorithms, by reusing the exponent; some operations over multiple values between blocks can also be done with a reduced amount of computation. The common exponent is found by data with the largest amplitude in the block. To find the value of the exponent, the number of leading zeros must be found. For this to be done, the number of left shifts needed for the data must be normalized to the dynamic range of the processor used. Some processors have means to find this out themselves, such as exponent detection and normalization instructions. Block floating-point algorithms were extensively studied by James Hardy Wilkinson. BFP can be recreated in software for smaller performance gains.

text:
# Block floating point

**Block floating point** (**BFP**) is a method used to provide an arithmetic approaching floating point while using a fixed-point processor. BFP assigns a group of *significands* (the non-exponent part of the floating-point number) to a single exponent, rather than single significand being assigned its own exponent. BFP can be advantageous to limit space use in hardware to perform the same functions as floating-point algorithms, by reusing the exponent; some operations over multiple values between blocks can also be done with a reduced amount of computation.

The common exponent is found by data with the largest amplitude in the block. To find the value of the exponent, the number of leading zeros must be found (count leading zeros). For this to be done, the number of left shifts needed for the data must be normalized to the dynamic range of the processor used. Some processors have means to find this out themselves, such as exponent detection and normalization instructions.

Block floating-point algorithms were extensively studied by James Hardy Wilkinson.

BFP can be recreated in software for smaller performance gains.

## Microscaling (MX) Formats

Microscaling (MX) formats are a type of Block Floating Point (BFP) data format specifically designed for AI and machine learning workloads. The MX format, endorsed and standardized by major industry players such as AMD, Arm, Intel, Meta, Microsoft, NVIDIA, and Qualcomm, represents a significant advancement in narrow precision data formats for AI.

The MX format uses a single shared scaling factor (exponent) for a block of elements, significantly reducing the memory footprint and computational resources required for AI operations. Each block of k elements shares this common scaling factor, which is stored separately from the individual elements.

The initial MX specification introduces several specific formats, including MXFP8, MXFP6, MXFP4, and MXINT8. These formats support various precision levels:

* MXFP8: 8-bit floating-point with two variants (E5M2 and E4M3).
* MXFP6: 6-bit floating-point with two variants (E3M2 and E2M3).
* MXFP4: 4-bit floating-point (E2M1).
* MXINT8: 8-bit integer.

MX formats have been demonstrated to be effective in a variety of AI tasks, including large language models (LLMs), image classification, speech recognition and recommendation systems. For instance, MXFP6 closely matches FP32 for inference tasks after quantization-aware fine-tuning, and MXFP4 can be used for training generative language models with only a minor accuracy penalty.

The MX format has been standardized through the Open Compute Project (OCP) as Microscaling Formats (MX) Specification v1.0. An emulation libraries also has been published to provide details on the data science approach and select results of MX in action.

## Hardware support

The following hardware supports BFP operations:

* d-Matrix Jayhawk II
* Tenstorrent Grayskull e75 and e150 (BFP8, BFP4 and BFP2)
* Tenstorrent Wormhole n150 and n300 (BFP8, BFP4 and BFP2)
* Amd Strix Point APU (branded as Ryzen AI 300 series) supports Block FP16 in NPU
* AMD Versal AI Edge Series Gen 2 supports MX6 and MX9 data types

## Further reading


title: Roger Laufenburger

abstract: Roger A. Laufenburger was a Minnesota politician and a member of the Minnesota Senate who represented the old District 2 and, after the 1972 redistricting, District 34, which included portions of Olmsted, Wabash and Winona counties in the southeastern part of the state. A Democrat, he was elected to the Senate in 1962, and was re-elected in 1966, 1970, 1972, and 1976.

text:
# Roger Laufenburger

**Roger A. Laufenburger** (September 5, 1921 – September 20, 2001) was a Minnesota politician and a member of the Minnesota Senate who represented the old District 2 and, after the 1972 redistricting, District 34, which included portions of Olmsted, Wabash and Winona counties in the southeastern part of the state. A Democrat, he was elected to the Senate in 1962, and was re-elected in 1966, 1970, 1972, and 1976.

## Service in the Senate

Laufenburger first ran for the Senate in 1958 against incumbent Senator James "J.R." Keller. While unsuccessful in that race, he did unseat Keller in 1962. Keller's daughter, Pat Kronebusch, would later unseat Laufenburger in 1980.

When Laufenburger was first elected, the Minnesota Legislature was officially non-partisan, divided into the Liberal and Conservative caucuses. This structure remained in effect until 1976, when declaring party affiliation became a requirement for candidates.

While in the Senate, Laufenburger chaired the Transportation and General Legislation Committee from 1973 to 1976, and the Employment Committee from 1977 to 1980. He was a member of the Agriculture, Civil Administration, Commerce and Insurance, Game and Fish, General Legislation, Labor Relations, Military Affairs and Civil Defense, Municipal Affairs, Public Highways, Rules and Administration, and Taxes and Tax Laws committees. He also served on the Commerce Subcommittee for Banking, the Labor and Commerce Subcommittee for Commerce and Insurance, the Rules and Administration subcommittees for Interim Commissions and for Joint Rule 20 (Deadlines), and the Transportation and General Legislation subcommittees for Highways and Bridges, for Joint Fuel Oil (which he chaired from 1973 to 1974), for Public Transportation, and for Transportation Policy (which he chaired in 1979). An early advocate for rural highways in Minnesota, his special legislative concerns included transportation, business, agriculture, and labor-employment.

## Service to the state and community

From the town of Lewiston in Winona County, Laufenburger was active in the community before and after his time in the Senate. A graduate of Winona High School, he was a local insurance agency owner and radio announcer, perhaps best known for his radio show "Roger's Rumpus Room." He served as a justice of the peace in Lewiston from 1951 to 1953, and was later a member of the village council from 1956 to 1962. After leaving the Senate, he again served on the city's council from 1989 to 1992, and was mayor from 1992 to 2001. He was named to the Winona County Fair Hall of Fame in 1986.

Continuing his involvement in state transportation issues after leaving the legislature, Laufenburger chaired Minnesota's State Transportation Regulation Board from 1983 to 1989. He was appointed to the position by Governor Rudy Perpich.

## InfoBox

| Roger Laufenburger | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Minnesota Senate
from the 2nd and 34th district | |
| **In office**
January 8, 1963  January 5, 1981 | |
| Preceded by | James "J.R." Keller |
| Succeeded by | Pat Kronebusch |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | September 5, 1921
Winona, Minnesota |
| Died | September 20, 2001
Lewiston, Minnesota |
| Political party | Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party |
| Spouse | Selma (1926–1997) |
| Children | 4 |
| Occupation | Insurance agent, radio announcer, legislator, mayor |
|  | |


title: Blue Horizon (novel)

abstract: Blue Horizon is a 2003 novel by Wilbur Smith.

text:
# Blue Horizon (novel)

***Blue Horizon*** is a 2003 novel by Wilbur Smith.

## Adaptation

Film and TV rights to the book were bought by Corona Pictures but as of 2013 no adaptation has been filmed.

## InfoBox

Blue Horizon
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Wilbur Smith |
| Language | English |
| Series | The Courtney Novels |
| Genre | Adventure |
| Publisher | Pan MacMillan |
| Publication date | 2003 |
| Publication place | South Africa |


title: Blue Horizon (song)

abstract: "Blue Horizon" is a song recorded by Canadian country music group Farmer's Daughter. It was released in 1999 as the second single from their third studio album, This Is the Life. It peaked at number 6 on the RPM Country Tracks chart in April 1999.

text:
# Blue Horizon (song)

"**Blue Horizon**" is a song recorded by Canadian country music group Farmer's Daughter. It was released in 1999 as the second single from their third studio album, *This Is the Life*. It peaked at number 6 on the *RPM* Country Tracks chart in April 1999.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1999) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Country Tracks (*RPM*) | 6 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1999) | Position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Country Tracks (*RPM*) | 16 |

## InfoBox

| "Blue Horizon" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Farmer's Daughter | |
| from the album  *This Is the Life* | |
| Released | 1999 |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 3:41 |
| Label | Universal Music Canada |
| Songwriter(s) | Stan Meissner
Angela Kelman
Jake Leiske
Shauna Rae Samograd |
| Producer(s) | Marc Ramaer
Farmer's Daughter |
| Farmer's Daughter singles chronology | |
| "Freeway"
(1998) "**Blue Horizon**"
(1999) "Let It Ride"
(1999) | |


title: River Road Stone Arch Railroad Bridge

abstract: The River Road Stone Arch Railroad Bridge is a historic bridge carrying the former Air Line Railroad right-of-way over River Road in Salmon River State Forest in Colchester, Connecticut. Built in 1887, it is a well-preserved example of a period masonry railroad bridge, built as part of a state-mandated program for the reduction of the number of grade crossings in the state. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

text:
# River Road Stone Arch Railroad Bridge

The **River Road Stone Arch Railroad Bridge** is a historic bridge carrying the former Air Line Railroad right-of-way over River Road in Salmon River State Forest in Colchester, Connecticut. Built in 1887, it is a well-preserved example of a period masonry railroad bridge, built as part of a state-mandated program for the reduction of the number of grade crossings in the state. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

## Description and history

The River Road Stone Arch Railroad Bridge is located in a rural setting of northwestern Colchester, within Salmon River State Forest. River Road is a gravel road paralleling the Blackledge River, between the river and the railroad right of way. When the river and road bend to the northwest, the railroad line crosses both, the road on this bridge, and the river on the Blackledge River Railroad Bridge. This bridge is a round-arch masonry structure, made out of mortared ashlar brownstone. The arch has a span at its base of 22 feet (6.7 m) and is 18 feet (5.5 m) high. The sidewalls of the bridge rise 4 feet (1.2 m) above the former height of the tracks, and all four corners of the bridge have wing walls that extend the structure to retain part of the embankment carrying the right of way.

The Air Line Railway was developed in the 1870s, as a more straight-line connection between New Haven, Connecticut and Boston, Massachusetts, via Middletown. Originally this was a grade crossing, but increasing train speeds prompted the state to mandate railroads operating in it to reduce the number of such crossings. This bridge was built in 1887, and was apparently one of several similar bridges. Its arch voussoirs are individually numbered, suggesting that they were cut at a central location and shipped to the site.

Media related to River Road Stone Arch Railroad Bridge at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| River Road Stone Arch Railroad Bridge | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| The bridge in June 2021 | |
|  | |
| Location | River Rd. and former Air Line RR right-of-way, Colchester, Connecticut |
| Coordinates | 41°34′50.2″N 72°25′30″W / 41.580611°N 72.42500°W / 41.580611; -72.42500 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1887 (1887) |
| NRHP reference No. | 86002727 |
| Added to NRHP | August 21, 1986 |


title: Tregonan Grange

abstract: Tregonan Grange was a Cistercian grange of Beaulieu Abbey at Tregonan in the parish of St Keverne, Cornwall, England, UK. It was founded before 1263 and expropriated before 1527; "considerable remains" existing 1755 have since disappeared. St Keverne was the site of a small Celtic monastery which survived the Norman Conquest but was seized soon after by lay hands. The lands of Tregonan came into the possession of the Cistercian Abbey of Beaulieu. The abbey maintained a small cell of monks at Tregonan to supervise their property. The ruins were said in 1925 to have been removed not long ago.

text:
# Tregonan Grange

**Tregonan Grange** was a Cistercian grange of Beaulieu Abbey at Tregonan in the parish of St Keverne, Cornwall, England, UK. It was founded before 1263 and expropriated before 1527; "considerable remains" existing 1755 have since disappeared.

St Keverne was the site of a small Celtic monastery which survived the Norman Conquest but was seized soon after by lay hands. The lands of Tregonan came into the possession of the Cistercian Abbey of Beaulieu. The abbey maintained a small cell of monks at Tregonan to supervise their property. The ruins were said in 1925 to have been removed not long ago.

50°03′08″N 5°05′25″W / 50.052183°N 5.090141°W / 50.052183; -5.090141 (Tregonan Grange (site))


title: Ryan Bradley

abstract: Ryan Scott Bradley is an American former competitive figure skater. He is the 2008 Skate Canada International silver medalist, the 2009 Skate America bronze medalist, the 2011 U.S. national champion, and a three-time U.S. Collegiate champion.

text:
# Ryan Bradley

**Ryan Scott Bradley** (born November 17, 1983) is an American former competitive figure skater. He is the 2008 Skate Canada International silver medalist, the 2009 Skate America bronze medalist, the 2011 U.S. national champion, and a three-time U.S. Collegiate champion.

## Personal life

Bradley was born in Saint Joseph, Missouri, and comes from a family of skaters. His sister, Becky, is a skating coach and former competitive skater, and his mother is a USFSA judge.

## Career

Ryan Bradley began skating at the age of two and participated in the U.S. Figure Skating Basic Skills program from 1986-1988.

From 1996-1998, Bradley competed in pairs skating with Tiffany Vise. They competed twice at the U.S. Championships. In 2001, he reached Sectionals with Melissa Gallegos. Bradley decided not to continue with pairs, preferring to focus on his singles career and not having enough time to train in both.

As a single skater, he won the silver medal at the Intermediate level at the Junior Olympics in the 1994-1995 season. The 1995-1996 season was Bradley's first at the Novice level, and he did not make it out of Sectionals. In the 1996-1997 season, he placed 7th at the novice level at Nationals. In the 1997-1998 season, Bradley won the silver medal at the novice level at Nationals. This win earned him a trip to the Triglav Trophy, which he won.

The following season, 1998–1999, Bradley debuted on the ISU Junior Grand Prix. He won medals at both his events. At that time, the World Junior Championships were held before the U.S. Championships. There, Bradley placed second and was placed on the team for the 1999 World Junior Championships, where he placed 10th. At the 1999 U.S. Championships, he won the Junior title. He competed at the Gardena Spring Trophy following Nationals and won the competition.

In the 1999-2000 season, Bradley remained on the Junior Grand Prix circuit. He won two more medals and qualified for the Junior Grand Prix Final, where he finished 8th. He went on to place 7th in his senior debut at the 2000 U.S. Championships. He went on to place 5th at the 2000 World Junior Championships.

In the 2000-2001 season, Bradley won both of his Junior Grand Prix events and made his senior international debut at the Golden Spin of Zagreb, which he won. He placed 5th at the Junior Grand Prix Final. He placed 9th at the 2001 U.S. Championships. He was originally placed on the team for the 2001 World Junior Championships; however, he was forced to withdraw prior to the event with injury. He had surgery to repair damage to his landing knee.

In the 2001-2002 season, U.S. Figure Skating did not allow American skaters to compete on the Junior Grand Prix because of security concerns following the September 11, 2001 attacks. Bradley placed 7th at the 2002 U.S. Championships. He went on to the 2002 World Junior Championships and placed 15th.

In the 2002-2003 season, Bradley competed at the Karl Schäfer Memorial, placing 4th. He made his Grand Prix debut at the 2003 Skate Canada International, where he placed 6th. He was 9th at the 2003 U.S. Championships.

In the 2003-2004 season, he placed 6th at the 2004 U.S. Championships. He made his senior ISU Championship debut at the 2004 Four Continents, where he placed 11th.

Bradley missed most of the 2004-2005 season after breaking his arm while playing dodgeball; he had a spiral fracture in his right humerus and was off the ice for six months.

He competed in the 2005-2006 season, hoping to contend for a spot to the 2006 Winter Olympics. He placed 8th at the 2006 U.S. Championships.

In the 2006-2007 season, Bradley was given a host invitation to the 2006 Skate America due to the retirement of skaters who had placed ahead of him. Bradley placed 8th.

Bradley accidentally cut his shin with his blade three weeks before the 2007 U.S. Championships. At the event, he held 3rd place after the short program. He skated last in the free skate, and won the silver medal. Upon learning that he had won the silver, Bradley skated back onto the ice and performed a back-flip for the crowd. Bradley went on to the 2007 Four Continents, held at his home rink, the World Arena in Colorado Springs, Colorado, where he placed fourth. During the off-season, he dealt with a torn meniscus in his right knee.

In the 2007-2008 season, Bradley competed on the Grand Prix circuit with a 6th place finish at the 2007 Skate America and 5th at the 2007 Trophée Éric Bompard. He finished 5th at the 2008 U.S. Championships.

Bradley began the 2008-2009 season at the 2008 Skate Canada International, where he won the silver medal. He then placed 7th at 2008 Trophée Éric Bompard. At the 2009 U.S. Championships, Bradley finished 4th. He was added to the U.S. team to the 2010 World Championships after Evan Lysacek withdrew. Before the event, Bradley broke the fifth metatarsal in his left foot, but was cleared to compete. He finished 18th.

Bradley had initially planned to retire from competitive skating, but decided to resume training in mid-October. He missed the Grand Prix season, but competed at the 2011 U.S. Championships. Bradley won the short program and placed fourth in the free skate to win the overall competition and become the U.S. National Champion for the first time in his career. He was selected to compete at the 2011 World Championships.

On May 10, 2011, Bradley announced his retirement from competitive skating.

He was coached by Tom Zakrajsek for 22 years.

## Programs

| Season | Short program | Free skate | Exhibition | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000-01 |  |  |  |  |
| 2003–04 |  | |  |  |
| | 2004–05 | |  |  |
| 2005–06 |  | |  |  |
| 2006–07 |  |  | * *"Dueling Banjos"* * *"The Devil Went Down to Georgia"* |  |
| 2007–08 |  |  |  |  |
| 2008–09 | 1. "Jailhouse Rock" 2. "Heartbreak Hotel" 3. "You Ain't Nothin' But A Hound Dog"
Performed by Christopher West | * *"Mambo en Sax"* * *"Historia de un Amor"* * *"El Cumbanchero"* |  |  |
| 2009–10 | * "Dark Eyes"
Performed by Nika Leoni & Sergei Trofanov | |  |  |
| 2010–11 | |  |  |  |

## Competitive highlights

Competition placements at senior level
| Season | 1999–2000 | 2000–01 | 2001–02 | 2002–03 | 2003–04 | 2005–06 | 2006–07 | 2007–08 | 2008–09 | 2009–10 | 2010–11 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| World Championships |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15th |  |  | 18th | 13th |
| Four Continents Championships |  |  |  |  | 11th |  | 4th |  |  | 5th |  |
| U.S. Championships | 7th | 9th | 7th | 9th | 6th | 8th | 2nd | 5th | 4th | 4th | 1st |
| GP Skate America |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8th | 6th |  | 3rd |  |
| GP Skate Canada |  |  |  | 6th |  |  |  |  | 2nd |  |  |
| GP Trophée Éric Bompard |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5th | 7th | 9th |  |
| Golden Spin of Zagreb |  | 1st |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Karl Schäfer Memorial |  |  |  | 4th |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Nebelhorn Trophy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4th |  |

Competition placements at junior level
| Season | 1997–98 | 1998–99 | 1999–2000 | 2000–01 | 2001–02 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| World Junior Championships |  | 10th | 5th |  | 15th |
| U.S. Championships |  | 1st |  |  |  |
| Junior Grand Prix Final |  | 8th | 5th | 5th |  |
| JGP Canada |  |  | 2nd |  |  |
| JGP France |  | 2nd |  |  |  |
| JGP Hungary |  | 3rd |  |  |  |
| JGP Mexico |  |  |  | 1st |  |
| JGP Poland |  |  |  | 1st |  |
| JGP Sweden |  |  | 3rd |  |  |
| Gardena Spring Trophy |  | 1st |  |  |  |
| Triglav Trophy | 1st |  |  |  |  |

## Detailed results

ISU personal best scores in the +3/-3 GOE System
| Segment | Type | Score | Event |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Total | **TSS** | **212.75** | 2008 Skate Canada International |
| Short program | **TSS** | **72.50** | 2008 Skate Canada International |
| | TES | 42.70 | 2008 Skate Canada International |
| | PCS | 31.70 | 2010 Four Continents Championships |
| Free skating | **TSS** | **145.97** | 2010 Four Continents Championships |
| | TES | 75.17 | 2010 Four Continents Championships |
| | PCS | 70.80 | 2010 Four Continents Championships |
|
|
|

* At national events in the United States, pewter medals are awarded for fourth place.

### Senior level

Results in the 1999–2000 season
| Date | Event | SP | | FS | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | P | Score | P | Score | P | Score |
| Feb 6–13, 2000 | 2000 U.S. Championships | 6 |  | 7 |  | 7 |  |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Results in the 2000–01 season
| Date | Event | SP | | FS | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | P | Score | P | Score | P | Score |
| Jan 14–21, 2001 | 2001 U.S. Championships | 8 |  | 10 |  | 9 |  |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Results in the 2001–02 season
| Date | Event | SP | | FS | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | P | Score | P | Score | P | Score |
| Jan 6–13, 2002 | 2002 U.S. Championships | 8 |  | 7 |  | 7 |  |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Results in the 2002–03 season
| Date | Event | SP | | FS | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | P | Score | P | Score | P | Score |
| Oct 15–19, 2002 | 2002 Karl Schäfer Memorial | 5 |  | 3 |  | 4 |  |
| Oct 31 – Nov 3, 2002 | 2002 Skate Canada International | 7 |  | 6 |  | 6 |  |
| Jan 12–19, 2003 | 2003 U.S. Championships | 15 |  | 9 |  | 9 |  |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Results in the 2003–04 season
| Date | Event | SP | | FS | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | P | Score | P | Score | P | Score |
| Jan 3–11, 2004 | 2004 U.S. Championships | 5 |  | 6 |  | 6 |  |
| Jan 19–25, 2004 | 2004 Four Continents Championships | 11 |  | 10 |  | 11 |  |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Results in the 2005–06 season
| Date | Event | SP | | FS | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | P | Score | P | Score | P | Score |
| Jan 7–15, 2006 | 2006 U.S. Championships | 6 | 69.33 | 9 | 130.17 | 8 | 199.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Results in the 2006–07 season
| Date | Event | SP | | FS | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | P | Score | P | Score | P | Score |
| Oct 26–29, 2006 | 2006 Skate America | 4 | 64.44 | 9 | 107.85 | 8 | 172.29 |
| Jan 21–28, 2007 | 2007 U.S. Championships | 3 | 73.58 | 2 | 145.63 | 2 | 219.21 |
| Feb 7–10, 2007 | 2007 Four Continents Championships | 3 | 68.83 | 5 | 127.46 | 4 | 196.29 |
| Mar 20–25, 2007 | 2007 World Championships | 19 | 62.88 | 13 | 126.02 | 15 | 188.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Results in the 2007–08 season
| Date | Event | SP | | FS | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | P | Score | P | Score | P | Score |
| Oct 25–28, 2007 | 2007 Skate America | 8 | 58.69 | 6 | 122.97 | 6 | 181.66 |
| Nov 15–18, 2007 | 2008 Trophée Éric Bompard | 7 | 59.13 | 5 | 132.19 | 5 | 191.32 |
| Jan 20–27, 2008 | 2008 U.S. Championships | 4 | 74.20 | 5 | 147.11 | 5 | 221.31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Results in the 2008–09 season
| Date | Event | SP | | FS | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | P | Score | P | Score | P | Score |
| Oct 30 – Nov 2, 2008 | 2008 Skate Canada International | 3 | 72.50 | 2 | 140.25 | 2 | 212.75 |
| Nov 13–16, 2008 | 2008 Trophée Éric Bompard | 5 | 69.35 | 10 | 106.27 | 7 | 175.62 |
| Jan 18–25, 2009 | 2009 U.S. Championships | 5 | 74.05 | 3 | 147.35 | 4 | 221.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Results in the 2009–10 season
| Date | Event | SP | | FS | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | P | Score | P | Score | P | Score |
| Sep 23–26, 2009 | 2009 Nebelhorn Trophy | 3 | 68.18 | 6 | 127.50 | 4 | 195.68 |
| Oct 15–18, 2009 | 2009 Trophée Éric Bompard | 8 | 65.21 | 10 | 112.44 | 9 | 177.65 |
| Nov 12–15, 2009 | 2009 Skate America | 8 | 59.24 | 2 | 138.88 | 3 | 198.12 |
| Jan 14–24, 2010 | 2010 U.S. Championships | 6 | 70.63 | 2 | 155.34 | 4 | 225.97 |
| Jan 27–30, 2010 | 2010 Four Continents Championships | 8 | 66.22 | 3 | 145.97 | 5 | 212.19 |
| Mar 22–28, 2010 | 2010 World Championships | 21 | 56.10 | 17 | 123.14 | 18 | 179.24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|

Results in the 2010–11 season
| Date | Event | SP | | FS | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | P | Score | P | Score | P | Score |
| Jan 22–30, 2011 | 2011 U.S. Championships | 1 | 80.39 | 4 | 151.51 | 1 | 231.90 |
| Apr 25 – May 1, 2011 | 2011 World Championships | 12 | 70.45 | 12 | 142.26 | 13 | 212.71 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

### Junior level

Results in the 1998–99 season
| Date | Event | SP | | FS | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | P | Score | P | Score | P | Score |
| Apr 8–12, 1998 | 1998 Triglav Trophy | 2 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Results in the 1998–99 season
| Date | Event | SP | | FS | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | P | Score | P | Score | P | Score |
| Aug 19–22, 1998 | 1999 JGP France | 2 |  | 2 |  | 2 |  |
| Oct 14–18, 1998 | 1999 JGP Hungary | 2 |  | 3 |  | 3 |  |
| Nov 21–29, 1998 | 1999 World Junior Championships | 12 |  | 10 |  | 10 |  |
| Feb 7–14, 1999 | 1999 U.S. Championships (Junior) | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
| Mar 23–27, 1999 | 1999 Gardena Spring Trophy | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Results in the 1999–2000 season
| Date | Event | SP | | FS | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | P | Score | P | Score | P | Score |
| Sep 29 – Oct 3, 1999 | 1999 JGP Canada | 2 |  | 2 |  | 2 |  |
| Nov 3–7, 1999 | 1999 JGP Sweden | 3 |  | 4 |  | 3 |  |
| Dec 16–19, 1999 | 1999–2000 JGP Final | 7 |  | 4 |  | 5 |  |
| Mar 5–12, 2000 | 2000 World Junior Championships | 5 |  | 5 |  | 5 |  |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Results in the 2000–01 season
| Date | Event | SP | | FS | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | P | Score | P | Score | P | Score |
| Sep 14–17, 2000 | 2000 JGP Mexico | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
| Oct 26–29, 2000 | 2000 JGP Poland | 3 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
| Nov 8–12, 2000 | 2000 Golden Spin of Zagreb |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |
| Dec 14–17, 2000 | 2000–01 JGP Final | 8 |  | 5 |  | 5 |  |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Results in the 2001–02 season
| Date | Event | SP | | FS | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | P | Score | P | Score | P | Score |
| Mar 3–10, 2002 | 2002 World Junior Championships | 15 |  | 15 |  | 15 |  |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

## InfoBox

| Ryan Scott Bradley | |
| --- | --- |
| Bradley at the 2006 Skate America | |
| Born | (1983-11-17) November 17, 1983
Saint Joseph, Missouri |
| Hometown | Colorado Springs, Colorado |
| Height | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) |
| Figure skating career | |
| Country | United States |
| Discipline | Men's singles |
| Retired | May 10, 2011 |
| U.S. Championships   2011 Greensboro Singles   2007 Spokane Singles | |


title: Biem Benyamin

abstract: Biem Triani Benyamin is an Indonesian politician and businessman. He was Indonesian senator from Jakarta, known for proposing a judicial review allowing independent candidates to run in regional elections. He also chaired the special committee in the parliament for revising the Jakarta Special Capital Region Government Act. Biem Benyamin is the third son of Benyamin Sueb, Betawi iconic figure. He was later elected into the People's Representative Council in 2014. Before starting his career in politics, Biem Benyamin was active in advocating the development of Betawi culture including initiating the establishment of Kongres Rakyat Betawi. As a businessman, Biem Benyamin owns a radio station, Bens Radio, which is popular in promoting Betawi culture and traditions. He also founded Etnikom Network, a network between fourteen radio stations in Java and Sumatra which actively promote local cultures. In 2012, he ran in Jakarta gubernatorial election as vice gubernatorial candidate for independent gubernatorial candidate Faisal Basri.

text:
# Biem Benyamin

**Biem Triani Benyamin** (born 13 March 1964) is an Indonesian politician and businessman. He was Indonesian senator from Jakarta, known for proposing a judicial review allowing independent candidates to run in regional elections. He also chaired the special committee in the parliament for revising the Jakarta Special Capital Region Government Act. Biem Benyamin is the third son of Benyamin Sueb, Betawi iconic figure. He was later elected into the People's Representative Council in 2014.

Before starting his career in politics, Biem Benyamin was active in advocating the development of Betawi culture including initiating the establishment of *Kongres Rakyat Betawi* (Indonesian: Betawi People Congress). As a businessman, Biem Benyamin owns a radio station, Bens Radio, which is popular in promoting Betawi culture and traditions. He also founded Etnikom Network, a network between fourteen radio stations in Java and Sumatra which actively promote local cultures.

In 2012, he ran in Jakarta gubernatorial election as vice gubernatorial candidate for independent gubernatorial candidate Faisal Basri.

## InfoBox

| Biem Benyamin | |
| --- | --- |
| Biem Triani Benyamin | |
|  | |
| Member of People's Representative Council | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
1 October 2014 | |
| Constituency | Jakarta 2 |
| Indonesian Senator from Jakarta | |
| **In office**
2004–2009 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Biem Triani Benyamin Sueb
(1964-03-13) 13 March 1964
Jakarta |
| Political party | Golkar |
| Spouse | Wahyuning Prihatini |
| Parent(s) | Benyamin Sueb
Noni |
| Profession | Politician, businessman |
|  | |


title: Robert Pukose

abstract: Dr. Robert Pukose is a Kenyan politician. He was elected a member of Parliament Endebess in the Trans Nzoia county in the year 2013 to date. He was the First MP after 2010 Constitution and formation of Endebess constituency. The Watlrd is made up of Sabaot, Nandi, Bukusu, Turkana, and Pokot ethnic groups. He vied on a URP (URP) ticket and emerged victorious after beating his closest rival. He is a trained Medical Doctor by Profession.

text:
# Robert Pukose

**Dr. Robert Pukose** is a Kenyan politician. He was elected a member of Parliament Endebess in the Trans Nzoia county in the year 2013 to date. He was the First MP after 2010 Constitution and formation of Endebess constituency. The Watlrd is made up of Sabaot, Nandi, Bukusu, Turkana, and Pokot ethnic groups. He vied on a URP (URP) ticket and emerged victorious after beating his closest rival. He is a trained Medical Doctor by Profession.


title: Robert Pulsford

abstract: Robert Pulsford was a British Whig politician. Baptised on 21 April 1815 at Church of St John-at-Hackney, Pulsford was the son of William Pulsford and Martha, daughter of William Hobson. He died in 1888 at Hennock, Devon, leaving £192,468 to three sons and five daughters. Pulsford was elected a Whig Member of Parliament for Hereford at a by-election in 1841—caused by the resignation of Henry William Hobhouse—and held the seat until 1847 when he did not seek re-election.

text:
# Robert Pulsford

**Robert Pulsford** (1814 – 3 June 1888) was a British Whig politician.

Baptised on 21 April 1815 at Church of St John-at-Hackney, Pulsford was the son of William Pulsford and Martha, daughter of William Hobson. He died in 1888 at Hennock, Devon, leaving £192,468 to three sons and five daughters.

Pulsford was elected a Whig Member of Parliament for Hereford at a by-election in 1841—caused by the resignation of Henry William Hobhouse—and held the seat until 1847 when he did not seek re-election.

## InfoBox

| Robert Pulsford | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament
for Hereford | |
| **In office**
5 October 1841  31 July 1847Serving with Robert Price (18451847)
Edward Clive (1841–1845) | |
| Preceded by | Edward Clive
Henry William Hobhouse |
| Succeeded by | Robert Price
Henry Morgan-Clifford |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1814 |
| Died | 3 June 1888(1888-06-03) (aged 73–74)
Hennock, Devon, England |
| Nationality | British |
| Political party | Whig |
|  | |


title: Stephen Immerwahr

abstract: Stephen Immerwahr is an American bass guitarist and vocalist best known as a founding member of the slowcore group Codeine.

text:
# Stephen Immerwahr

**Stephen Immerwahr** is an American bass guitarist and vocalist best known as a founding member of the slowcore group Codeine.

## Biography

Stephen Immerwahr began his foray into music in 1988, originally serving as an assistant engineer to bands such as Soul Asylum and Living Colour. In 1989, Immerwahr formed Codeine with drummer Chris Brokaw and guitarist John Engle. Codeine pioneered the slowcore and sadcore subgenres of indie rock, but with a more experimental attitude than other bands in the genre, such as Low, Idaho and Red House Painters. Codeine released their first album *Frigid Stars LP* on the German label Glitterhouse in August 1990. Codeine's final release was the full-length album *The White Birch*, released in May 1994. Following his work in Codeine, Immerwahr would later exit a career in music to become a research scientist

In February 2012, Codeine announced they would perform on the request of Mogwai at All Tomorrow's Parties sister event, I'll Be Your Mirror, on 26 May 2012 at Alexandra Palace, along with other shows, to commemorate a comprehensive reissue of their recordings by The Numero Group in June 2012. Codeine's final reunion show was at Le Poisson Rouge in New York City on 15 July 2012.

## InfoBox

| Stephen Immerwahr | |
| --- | --- |
| Genres | Slowcore |
| Occupation | Musician |
| Instrument(s) | Bass guitar, vocals |
| Years active | 1988–present |


title: Rubén Marcos

abstract: Héctor Rubén Marcos Peralta, known as Rubén Marcos, was a Chilean football player who played as a midfielder. Usually a central midfielder, he was well known for his versatility and stamina. Capable both in attack and defense, Marcos was also technically skilled and is one of the most highly regarded Chilean midfielders. He died of a heart attack at age 63.

text:
# Rubén Marcos

**Héctor Rubén Marcos Peralta** (6 December 1942, at Osorno, Chile – 14 August 2006, at Osorno), known as **Rubén Marcos**, was a Chilean football player who played as a midfielder. Usually a central midfielder, he was well known for his versatility and stamina. Capable both in attack and defense, Marcos was also technically skilled and is one of the most highly regarded Chilean midfielders. He died of a heart attack at age 63.

## Career

During his career, Marcos played for Universidad de Chile and Palestino in Chile and for Emelec in Ecuador. He also played for the Chile national football team and took part in the 1966 FIFA World Cup (where he scored two goals) and the South American Championship 1967.

In 1999, he performed as President, interim coach and director of Provincial Osorno.

## Honors

**Universidad de Chile**

**Chile**

## Legacy

Estadio Rubén Marcos Peralta at Osorno was named after him.

## InfoBox

Rubén Marcos
| Rubén Marcos, was a Chilean footballer. | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Héctor Rubén Marcos Peralta | | |
| Date of birth | (1942-12-06)December 6, 1942 | | |
| Place of birth | Osorno, Chile | | |
| Date of death | August 14, 2006(2006-08-14) (aged 63) | | |
| Place of death | Osorno, Chile | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1962–1970 | Universidad de Chile |  |  |
| 1971 | Emelec |  |  |
| 1971–1974 | Palestino |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1963–1969 | Chile | 35 | (8) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 1999 | Provincial Osorno (interim) | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Bo'ai County

abstract: Bo'ai County is a county of Henan, China. It is under the administration of the Jiaozuo city.

text:
# Bo'ai County

**Bo'ai County** (simplified Chinese: 博爱; traditional Chinese: 博愛; pinyin: *Bó'ài Xiàn*) is a county of Henan, China. It is under the administration of the Jiaozuo city.

## Administrative divisions

As 2012, this county is divided to 7 towns and 3 townships.

Towns

|  |  |
| --- | --- |

Townships

## Climate

| Climate data for Bo'ai (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.1
(66.4) | 23.6
(74.5) | 29.5
(85.1) | 36.9
(98.4) | 41.6
(106.9) | 42.5
(108.5) | 41.1
(106.0) | 38.4
(101.1) | 38.2
(100.8) | 35.5
(95.9) | 27.3
(81.1) | 23.5
(74.3) | 42.5
(108.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.0
(42.8) | 10.0
(50.0) | 15.8
(60.4) | 22.4
(72.3) | 27.9
(82.2) | 32.6
(90.7) | 32.5
(90.5) | 30.9
(87.6) | 27.2
(81.0) | 21.7
(71.1) | 14.2
(57.6) | 8.1
(46.6) | 20.8
(69.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.9
(33.6) | 4.3
(39.7) | 9.9
(49.8) | 16.3
(61.3) | 21.9
(71.4) | 26.7
(80.1) | 27.8
(82.0) | 26.3
(79.3) | 21.9
(71.4) | 16.1
(61.0) | 8.9
(48.0) | 2.9
(37.2) | 15.3
(59.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.1
(26.4) | −0.3
(31.5) | 4.8
(40.6) | 10.7
(51.3) | 16.1
(61.0) | 21.0
(69.8) | 23.6
(74.5) | 22.4
(72.3) | 17.5
(63.5) | 11.5
(52.7) | 4.5
(40.1) | −1.1
(30.0) | 10.6
(51.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −15.4
(4.3) | −14.2
(6.4) | −6.9
(19.6) | −2.3
(27.9) | 2.9
(37.2) | 11.8
(53.2) | 16.6
(61.9) | 13.3
(55.9) | 7.2
(45.0) | −2.0
(28.4) | −8.8
(16.2) | −10.7
(12.7) | −15.4
(4.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 9.5
(0.37) | 11.6
(0.46) | 18.8
(0.74) | 29.4
(1.16) | 49.9
(1.96) | 64.4
(2.54) | 127.4
(5.02) | 106
(4.2) | 68.0
(2.68) | 36.0
(1.42) | 26.3
(1.04) | 6.5
(0.26) | 553.8
(21.85) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.4 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 5.6 | 7.1 | 7.6 | 10.8 | 10.1 | 8.6 | 6.6 | 5.2 | 2.7 | 75.9 |
| Average snowy days | 4.0 | 3.2 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 2.4 | 11.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 57 | 56 | 55 | 60 | 60 | 59 | 74 | 77 | 72 | 67 | 63 | 56 | 63 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 112.1 | 122.6 | 162.0 | 192.8 | 215.2 | 192.6 | 166.6 | 169.1 | 148.0 | 147.9 | 133.5 | 126.9 | 1,889.3 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 36 | 39 | 43 | 49 | 49 | 45 | 38 | 41 | 40 | 43 | 44 | 42 | 42 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Bo'ai County 博爱县Poai | |
| --- | --- |
| County | |
| Bo'aiLocation of the seat in Henan | |
| Coordinates: 35°10′30″N 113°04′00″E / 35.17500°N 113.06667°E / 35.17500; 113.06667 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Henan |
| Prefecture-level city | Jiaozuo |
| Area | |
| Total | 492 km2 (190 sq mi) |
| Population (2019) | |
| Total | 380,100 |
| Density | 770/km2 (2,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 454450 |


title: Trego Hot Springs

abstract: Trego Hot Springs is located in the Black Rock Desert at the location of Trego, Nevada, a former station on the Western Pacific Railroad. The name "Trego" dates from the 1910s, just after the railroad was built. Previously, the springs had names like Hot Springs, Kyles Hot Springs (1864), Butte Spring, and Butte Hot Spring. Today, Trego is known for its hot springs, which is a long ditch with a soft mud bottom. The springs are at the north end, near the railroad tracks, and the water flows south. Garside reports that the springs have a temperature of 187F. Unlike nearby Frog Springs at the Garrett Ranch, Trego is on public land.

text:
# Trego Hot Springs

**Trego Hot Springs** is located in the Black Rock Desert at the location of Trego, Nevada, a former station on the Western Pacific Railroad. The name "Trego" dates from the 1910s, just after the railroad was built. Previously, the springs had names like Hot Springs, Kyles Hot Springs (1864), Butte Spring, and Butte Hot Spring.

Today, Trego is known for its hot springs, which is a long ditch with a soft mud bottom. The springs are at the north end, near the railroad tracks, and the water flows south. Garside reports that the springs have a temperature of 187F. Unlike nearby Frog Springs at the Garrett Ranch, Trego is on public land.

## History

The area near the springs were seasonally occupied from 4000 B.P. and 1000 B.P.

Fairfield states that in 1856, Ladue Vary and Fred Hines discovered the springs that were later named Trego Hot Springs when they took a short cut from Granite Creek (now known as Granite Ranch) across the Black Rock Desert playa towards Rabbit Hole Spring. When they arrived at the Humboldt River, the met a wagon train on the Nobles Emigrant Trail. Vary and Hines told the emigrants about the springs, the emigrants took the shortcut and the Nobles trail was adjusted accordingly. "Hot Spr" appears on the 1857 map "Map of the Western Division of the Fort Kearney South Pass and Honey Lake Road" at that location.

The 400 foot long trench was initially hand dug by a group led by Frederick W. Lander in 1860. The trench cooled the water that flowed to a large tank.

Amesbury reports two 1861 entries from the diary of Edith Lockhart:

"August 18: Pleasant day. Started at noon and went 18 miles to Rabbit Hole Springs, rested a couple of hours and went 18 more miles by the next day to Hot Springs."

"Aug. 19. A warm day - got into camp at 10 oclock in this morning, laid over till evening - when we went 12 miles to Granite Creek or Wells."

The area was named Trego around the time the railroad came through in the early 1900s. Carlson states that Trego was named after nearby Mount Trego, which is formally known as Old Razorback Mountain. The name Mount Trego only appears on the Pershing County Assessors Map. The earliest citation for Trego from an original source is from an April 29, 1912 newspaper article that states that "Borax" in the water was the cause of a train engine boiler explosion that killed three people.

In 1993, Desert Siteworks was held at Trego. Desert Siteworks was a series of art events led by William Binzen, assisted by Judy West and John Law for three years (1992-1994). Many of the principles developed at Desert Siteworks (such as Leave-No-Trace) were adopted by Burning Man.

In 2020, the Bureau of Land Management reported that Trego Hot Springs was contaminated with E. Coli, Fecal coliforms and *Vibrio cholerae* and advised the public to avoid bathing.

## InfoBox

| Trego Hot Springs Trego, Hot Springs, Kyles Hot Springs,<br>Butte Spring, and Butte Hot Spring | |
| --- | --- |
| Ghost town | |
| Trego hot springs | |
| Etymology: Named after nearby Mount Trego | |
| Coordinates: 40°46′18″N 119°07′01″W / 40.77167°N 119.11694°W / 40.77167; -119.11694 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Nevada |
| County | Pershing |
| Elevation | 3,940 ft (1,200 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (Pacific (PST)) |
| Summer (DST) | PDT (UTC-7) |


title: Tianjin International School

abstract: The Tianjin International School (TIS) is a private, international school in Hexi District of Tianjin, China. Students attend from the age of three through to high school graduation. Founded in 1986, it was the first of six schools in iSC established in six Chinese cities: Qingdao, Shenyang, Chengdu, Wuxi, Wuhan, and Yantai. Students from around the world attend, including Australia, Canada, France, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Australia, United Kingdom, India and the United States. The school is accredited by ASC-WASC and is affiliated with organizations such as EARCOS, and AmCham. TIS offers an honors program, as well as providing opportunities to take the PSAT, SAT, ACT, and AP exams. In 2019, TIS was approved for the AP Capstone Diploma Program. TIS employs 81 faculty members from many countries including the United States, Canada, Australia, Europe, and Asia. Tianjin International School's address is No. 4-1 Sishui Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, China, 300222.

text:
# Tianjin International School

The **Tianjin International School** (TIS) is a private, international school in Hexi District of Tianjin, China. Students attend from the age of three through to high school graduation. Founded in 1986, it was the first of six schools in iSC (International Schools Consortium) established in six Chinese cities: Qingdao, Shenyang, Chengdu, Wuxi, Wuhan, and Yantai.

Students from around the world attend, including Australia, Canada, France, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Australia, United Kingdom, India and the United States. The school is accredited by ASC-WASC (Accrediting Commission for Schools (ACS) of the Western Association of Schools and Colleges) and is affiliated with organizations such as EARCOS (East Asia Regional Council of Schools), and AmCham (American Chamber of Commerce).

TIS offers an honors program, as well as providing opportunities to take the PSAT, SAT, ACT, and AP exams. In 2019, TIS was approved for the AP Capstone Diploma Program.

TIS employs 81 faculty members from many countries including the United States, Canada, Australia, Europe, and Asia.

Tianjin International School's address is No. 4-1 Sishui Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, China, 300222.

## InfoBox

| Tianjin International School (TIS) (天津思锐外籍人员子女学校) | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Tianjin<br>China | |
| Information | |
| Type | Private, Day School |
| Established | 1986 |
| Head of School | Ryan Witt |
| Faculty | 81 full-time |
| Employees | 145 |
| Enrollment | 348 (2020) |
| Language | English |
| Campus | SiShuiDao Hexi District |
| Color(s) | Blue, light purple, and White |
| Sports | Soccer, Basketball, Volleyball |
| Mascot | Eagles |
| Website | tiseagles.com |