title: Shiroro ambush

text:
# Shiroro ambush

On June 30, 2022, gunmen ambushed Nigerian soldiers responding to a distress call of an attack on a mining village. Forty-eight people died, among the deceased, thirty-four soldiers, eight policemen, and six civilians. The attack is one of the deadliest ambushes in Nigeria in recent years.

## Background

Since a 2009 uprising, militant Islamist organization Boko Haram has launched a guerrilla insurgency in northern Nigeria. While hostilities and the group's size has dwindled since 2021, attacks by bandits have increased in that same time. Throughout the summer and spring of 2022, bandit attacks on military outposts increased heavily. In January, three Chinese nationals were kidnapped from a hydroelectric power plant in Shiroro. Boko Haram had also allegedly formed a presence in Shiroro in early 2022, prior to the attacks. Just one day before, two police officers were killed in Enugu, in southeastern Nigeria.

## Ambush and kidnapping

On June 29, 2022, at 4pm local time, bandits on motorbikes and a truck kidnapped four Chinese nationals and other mine workers at Ajata-Aboki mine near Shiroro. The bandits immediately shot and killed seven policemen at the scene along with some civilians, and then proceeded to shoot sporadically to scare the remaining workers. Nigerian military forces stationed in the nearby village of Erena responded to a distress call at the mine, and as three trucks filled with servicemen departed towards the mine, the bandits ambushed them on motorbikes. State Commissioner for Internal Security Emmanuel Umar stated "the joint security team engaged the terrorists and there were a yet to be determined number of casualties from both sides." Initial estimates by the Nigerian military placed the death toll at 20 military personnel, along with seven police officers and "scores" of civilians, while Reuters stated that 30 security forces were killed immediately. An eyewitness to the massacre and also the leader of local group Concerned Shiroro Youths of Niger State, Sani Abubakar Yusuf Kokki, stated that in the following days, the bodies of more servicemen and police officers from the ambush were discovered.

## Aftermath

Following the attack, Brigadier General Onyema Nwachukwu stated that Nigerian officials were "on the trail of the criminals, with some already neutralized". Niger State governor Abubakar Sani Bello demanded security agencies go "all out" to ensure the kidnapped victims are returned safely. The Ajata-Aboki mine was later reinforced with soldiers from the 1st Division.

## InfoBox

| Shiroro ambush | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Nigerian bandit conflict | |
| Date June 29, 2022  Location Shiroro, Niger State, Nigeria | |
| Belligerents | |
| Nigerian Army | Unknown bandits |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 48 total<br>* 34 soldiers * 8 policemen * 6 civilians | Unknown |


title: Cerići

abstract: Cerići is a village in the municipality of Konjic, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

text:
# Cerići

**Cerići** (Cyrillic: Церићи) is a village in the municipality of Konjic, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 52.

Ethnicity in 2013
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bosniaks | 27 | 51.9% |
| Serbs | 15 | 28.8% |
| other/undeclared | 10 | 19.2% |
| **Total** | **52** | **100%** |

## InfoBox

| Cerići Церићи | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Cerići | |
| Coordinates: 43°40′43″N 17°55′40″E / 43.67861°N 17.92778°E / 43.67861; 17.92778 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Canton | Herzegovina-Neretva |
| Municipality | Konjic |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.85 sq mi (2.21 km2) |
| Population (2013) | |
| Total | 52 |
| Density | 61/sq mi (24/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: The Mosaic Project (organization)

abstract: The Mosaic Project is an 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that has been teaching peace and understanding to children in the San Francisco Bay Area since 2001.

text:
# The Mosaic Project (organization)

**The Mosaic Project** is an 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that has been teaching peace and understanding to children in the San Francisco Bay Area since 2001.

## Curriculum

Various teaching methods are used, including kinesthetic learning. Students are taught self-respect and respect of others, as well as ethnic awareness. The pedagogy is supported by social science research.

## Outdoor School

The Outdoor School is a program for fourth and fifth grade students. During the duration of five days and four nights, students are exposed to diverse settings and experience racial integration firsthand. The program focuses on community and building self-esteem. It is well regarded by area parents.

## Staff

The year-round staff consists of the five individuals who oversee the organization. There is also a board of directors. The Mosaic Project works with over two dozen partner schools.

## Children Songs for Peace and a Better World

The *Children's Songs for Peace and a Better World* album is a compilation of songs written and performed by members of the Mosaic Project, including Brett Dennen. It has received a Children's Music Web 2004 Award as well as a Parent's Choice 2004 Approved Award. Songs from the CD have been aired on the KFOG and KPFA radio stations.


title: Terry Austin (comics)

abstract: Terry Kevin Austin is an American comic book creator working primarily as an inker.

text:
# Terry Austin (comics)

**Terry Kevin Austin** (born August 23, 1952) is an American comic book creator working primarily as an inker.

## Early life and career

Austin grew up in Detroit, Michigan, and attended Wayne State University. He started inking comics as an assistant to Dick Giordano and Neal Adams, doing "Crusty Bunker" work for Adams' Continuity Associates. Austin came to prominence in 1976–1977, inking Marshall Rogers' pencils on a celebrated run of Batman stories for DC Comics' *Detective Comics* collaborating with writer Steve Englehart. During this same period, Austin inked Michael Netzer (Nasser) on DC's Martian Manhunter in *Adventure Comics* and Green Arrow/Black Canary in *World's Finest Comics*, as well as Al Milgrom on Marvel Comics' *Captain Marvel*. He later teamed with Rogers again on Marvel's *Doctor Strange*.

### X-Men

In 1977, Austin and penciler John Byrne became the new art team on *Uncanny X-Men*. With writer Chris Claremont they produced a series of stories — particularly "The Dark Phoenix Saga" — which elevated the title into the top-selling American comic book. (Austin was given the Eagle Award for Favourite Inker three times during this period.)

### Post-X-Men

Austin left *Uncanny X-Men* in 1981 and has since worked on a variety of titles for both Marvel and DC, including *Doctor Strange* (over Paul Smith and Dan Green pencils), *Superman* vol. 2 (over Byrne), *Justice League* (over Kevin Maguire) and *Green Lantern* (over Darryl Banks). Austin contributed to several anniversary issues for DC including *Justice League of America* #200 (March 1982), *Superman* #400 (Oct. 1984), and *Batman* #400 (Oct. 1986). He was the regular inker of DC's *Superman Adventures* for nearly six years, from 1996–2002. His inking work since 2002 has included over fifteen years of inking the *Sonic the Hedgehog* comic book series for Archie Comics, which he continued until the series cancellation in 2017.

## Inking style and influence

Austin's inking — especially in the period of the 1970s and early 1980s — is notable for its smooth, precise rendering; and extremely detailed backgrounds, making his embellishing work easily identifiable. His style has been highly influential on a subsequent generation of inkers including Al Gordon, Andy Lanning, Scott Williams, and Rob Liefeld.

## Writing and penciling

Austin has also worked as a writer, primarily for Marvel's *X-Men* titles and a run on *Cloak and Dagger*. Austin wrote and inked the Dark Horse Comics' adaptation of *Splinter of the Mind's Eye* published in 1995.

His rare penciling jobs can be seen on the covers of *Uncanny X-Men* #123, #142 and *Annual* #3 (with Frank Miller), as well as his self-published book, *Austin Art: 60 Pages of Drawings by Terry Austin* (2003).

## Personal life

Austin resides near Poughkeepsie, New York, where he plays volleyball and gets together often with fellow comics veteran Fred Hembeck. Austin's affection for the comic strip character Popeye is well-established, and over the years Austin has included drawings of Popeye in various published comics as "Easter eggs" for sharp-eyed readers.

## Awards

Austin's work has gained him frequent and notable recognition over the years, including multiple Eagle Awards for best inker, an Inkpot Award, multiple *Comics Buyer's Guide Fan Awards* for Favorite Inker, and the Inkwell Awards 2008 "Favorite Inker (Retro) Award" and the 2009 "Joe Sinnott Award".

## Bibliography

### Aardvark-Vanaheim

### Atlas/Seaboard Comics

* *Phoenix* #3 (1975)

### Archie Comics

### Dark Horse Comics

### DC Comics

#### DC Comics and Dark Horse Comics

#### DC Comics and Marvel Comics

* *Amazon* #1 (1996)
* *Green Lantern / Silver Surfer: Unholy Alliances* #1 (1995)
* *Silver Surfer / Superman* #1 (1996)

### Image Comics

### Malibu Comics

### Marvel Comics

### Other publishers

* *Austin Art: 60 Pages of Drawings by Terry Austin* (self-published, 2003)

## InfoBox

| Terry Austin | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Terry Kevin Austin
(1952-08-23) August 23, 1952
Detroit, Michigan, U.S. |
| Area(s) | Writer, Inker |
| Notable works | *Uncanny X-Men* |
| Awards | Eagle Awards, Favourite Inker, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1983, 1985, 1986, and 1987.
Inkpot Award, 1980.
Comics Buyer's Guide Fan Award, Favorite Inker, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1996, 1997.
Inkwell Awards, The Joe Sinnott Award, 2009 |


# Candidates of the 1909 Tasmanian state election

The 1909 Tasmanian state election was held on 30 April 1909. This election saw the introduction of proportional representation in Tasmanian elections.

## Retiring Members

### Anti-Socialist

### Liberal Democrats

## House of Assembly

Sitting members are shown in bold text. Tickets that elected at least one MHA are highlighted in the relevant colour. Successful candidates are indicated by an asterisk (\*).

### Bass

Six seats were up for election.

| Labour candidates | Anti-Socialist candidates | Liberal Democrat candidates |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
| Michael Cullenan
Percy Evans
James Guy*
**Charles Howroyd***
 | Thomas Bakhap*
William Batchelor
George Grubb
**Richard McKenzie***
George Shields
Albert Solomon*
**Charles Stewart** | **Charles Metz**
**Robert Sadler*** |

### Darwin

Six seats were up for election.

| Labour candidates | Anti-Socialist candidates |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
| James Belton*
James Hurst
**James Long***
**James Ogden***
Peter Riley
**Benjamin Watkins*** | **Herbert Payne***
**Don Urquhart**
Joshua Whitsitt* |

### Denison

Six seats were up for election.

| Labour candidates | Anti-Socialist candidates | Liberal Democrat candidates | Independent candidates |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |
| John Leary
William Sheridan*
John Smythe
**Walter Woods*** | **Edward Crowther***
**Sir John Davies***
George Kerr
Sir Elliott Lewis*
**Frederick Rattle***
Joseph MacMaster | Thomas Amott
**William Jarvis**
Richard Meagher
George Smith | George Gilmore
Gilbert Rowntree (Ind Lab)
 |

### Franklin

Six seats were up for election.

| Labour candidates | Anti-Socialist candidates | Liberal Democrat candidates |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
| David Dicker*
**John Earle***
Joseph Hilton | **William Bennett**
**John Evans***
Norman Ewing*
**Alexander Hean***
**Thomas Hodgman***
**George Leatham**
**John Wood** | Lyndhurst Giblin
Theodore Lipscombe |

### Wilmot

Six seats were up for election.

| Labour candidates | Anti-Socialist candidates | Liberal Democrat candidates |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
| **Jens Jensen***
Martin Kean
Joseph Lyons* | **Jonathan Best***
Henry Dumbleton
Richard Field*
**John Hope***
Walter Lee*
**Henry Murray** | Newham Waterworth |


title: Vascular tissue

abstract: Vascular tissue is a complex conducting tissue, formed of more than one cell type, found in vascular plants. The primary components of vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem. These two tissues transport fluid and nutrients internally. There are also two meristems associated with vascular tissue: the vascular cambium and the cork cambium. All the vascular tissues within a particular plant together constitute the vascular tissue system of that plant. The cells in vascular tissue are typically long and slender. Since the xylem and phloem function in the conduction of water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant, it is not surprising that their form should be similar to pipes. The individual cells of phloem are connected end-to-end, just as the sections of a pipe might be. As the plant grows, new vascular tissue differentiates in the growing tips of the plant. The new tissue is aligned with existing vascular tissue, maintaining its connection throughout the plant. The vascular tissue in plants is arranged in long, discrete strands called vascular bundles. These bundles include both xylem and phloem, as well as supporting and protective cells. In stems and roots, the xylem typically lies closer to the interior of the stem with phloem towards the exterior of the stem. In the stems of some Asterales dicots, there may be phloem located inwardly from the xylem as well. Between the xylem and phloem is a meristem called the vascular cambium. This tissue divides off cells that will become additional xylem and phloem. This growth increases the girth of the plant, rather than its length. As long as the vascular cambium continues to produce new cells, the plant will continue to grow more stout. In trees and other plants that develop wood, the vascular cambium allows the expansion of vascular tissue that produces woody growth. Because this growth ruptures the epidermis of the stem, woody plants also have a cork cambium that develops among the phloem. The cork cambium gives rise to thickened cork cells to protect the surface of the plant and reduce water loss. Both the production of wood and the production of cork are forms of secondary growth. In leaves, the vascular bundles are located among the spongy mesophyll. The xylem is oriented toward the adaxial surface of the leaf, and phloem is oriented toward the abaxial surface of the leaf. This is why aphids are typically found on the undersides of the leaves rather than on the top, since the phloem transports sugars manufactured by the plant and they are closer to the lower surface.

text:
# Vascular tissue

**Vascular tissue** is a complex conducting tissue, formed of more than one cell type, found in vascular plants. The primary components of vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem. These two tissues transport fluid and nutrients internally. There are also two meristems associated with vascular tissue: the vascular cambium and the cork cambium. All the vascular tissues within a particular plant together constitute the **vascular tissue system** of that plant.

The cells in vascular tissue are typically long and slender. Since the xylem and phloem function in the conduction of water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant, it is not surprising that their form should be similar to pipes. The individual cells of phloem are connected end-to-end, just as the sections of a pipe might be. As the plant grows, new vascular tissue differentiates in the growing tips of the plant. The new tissue is aligned with existing vascular tissue, maintaining its connection throughout the plant. The vascular tissue in plants is arranged in long, discrete strands called vascular bundles. These bundles include both xylem and phloem, as well as supporting and protective cells. In stems and roots, the xylem typically lies closer to the interior of the stem with phloem towards the exterior of the stem. In the stems of some Asterales dicots, there may be phloem located inwardly from the xylem as well.

Between the xylem and phloem is a meristem called the vascular cambium. This tissue divides off cells that will become additional xylem and phloem. This growth increases the girth of the plant, rather than its length. As long as the vascular cambium continues to produce new cells, the plant will continue to grow more stout. In trees and other plants that develop wood, the vascular cambium allows the expansion of vascular tissue that produces woody growth. Because this growth ruptures the epidermis of the stem, woody plants also have a cork cambium that develops among the phloem. The cork cambium gives rise to thickened cork cells to protect the surface of the plant and reduce water loss. Both the production of wood and the production of cork are forms of secondary growth.

In leaves, the vascular bundles are located among the spongy mesophyll. The xylem is oriented toward the adaxial surface of the leaf (usually the upper side), and phloem is oriented toward the abaxial surface of the leaf. This is why aphids are typically found on the undersides of the leaves rather than on the top, since the phloem transports sugars manufactured by the plant and they are closer to the lower surface.


title: Cherpu

abstract: Cherpu is a suburb of Thrissur city in the Kerala State of South India. It is 12 kilometres south of Thrissur town and is on the Thriprayar road. It is dotted by a number of temples and has quite a few rivers flowing by its vicinity. The village occupies a prominent place in the Kerala's cultural map as Cherpu is one of the main venues of the state's classical percussion ensembles like chenda melam and panchavadyam, staged as they are during temple festivals called pooram. Naturally, Cherpu is the birthplace of many leading practitioners of ethnic Kerala instruments like chenda, ilathalam, kombu, kuzhal, timila, maddalam and edakka. Cherpu has two major poorams—Peruvanam Pooram and Arattupuzha Pooram. Peruvanam, otherwise traditionally known as one of the leading Namboodiri villages of Kerala, has today many of its people employed in the manufacture of furniture and gold ornaments. Legend has it that Peruvanam village was one of the settlements created by sage Parashuram, the mythical creator of Kerala. Cherpu was a central place for Mahatma Gandhi's village renaissance. It was known as "Vardha" at the time of the Kochi kingdom. As for its temples, Cherpu has the grand-structured Peruvanam temple besides the ones called Arattupuzha, Urakam and Thiruvullakkavu. Thiruvullakkavu temple is famous for initiating children to the world of letters on Vidyarambham, an auspicious day in Hindu tradition. For long, Cherpu had paddy fields that spread as far as Triprayar. The west and east sides of Cherpu were marked by rocks. Cherpu is located in between this rock- and water-covered area. Hence the name Cherpu, which means cherunnidam in Malayalam.

text:
# Cherpu

**Cherpu** is a suburb of Thrissur city in the Kerala State of South India. It is 12 kilometres south of Thrissur town and is on the Thriprayar road. It is dotted by a number of temples and has quite a few rivers flowing by its vicinity.

The village occupies a prominent place in the Kerala's cultural map as Cherpu is one of the main venues of the state's classical percussion ensembles like chenda melam and panchavadyam, staged as they are during temple festivals called pooram. Naturally, Cherpu is the birthplace of many leading (as well as lesser known) practitioners of ethnic Kerala instruments like chenda, ilathalam, kombu, kuzhal, timila, maddalam and edakka.

Cherpu has two major poorams—Peruvanam Pooram and Arattupuzha Pooram. Peruvanam, otherwise traditionally known as one of the leading Namboodiri villages of Kerala, has today many of its people employed in the manufacture of furniture and gold ornaments. Legend has it that Peruvanam village was one of the settlements created by sage Parashuram, the mythical creator of Kerala.

Cherpu was a central place for Mahatma Gandhi's village renaissance. It was known as "Vardha" at the time of the Kochi kingdom.

As for its temples, Cherpu has the grand-structured Peruvanam temple besides the ones called Arattupuzha, Urakam and Thiruvullakkavu. Thiruvullakkavu temple is famous for initiating children to the world of letters on Vidyarambham, an auspicious day in Hindu tradition.

For long, Cherpu had paddy fields that spread as far as Triprayar. The west and east sides of Cherpu were marked by rocks. Cherpu is located in between this rock- and water-covered area. Hence the name Cherpu, which means *cherunnidam* (joining place) in Malayalam.

## Politics

Cherpu assembly constituency was part of Trichur (Lok Sabha constituency). But after reconstitution of assembly constituencies, it is now a part of Nattika assembly constituency and the present MLA is Geetha Gopi.

## Religious Centres

## Educational organizations

* Gurukulam public school, Venginnissery
* St. Thomas H.S, Vallachira
* Govt vocational higher secondary school Cherpu
* CNN Boys higher secondary school
* CNN Girls higher secondary school
* Lourde matha english medium higher secondary school
* Santa Maria Academy
* St. Xaviers H.S, Chevvor
* Junior Basic School (J B School), Cherpu West
* St. Rock's LP School, Pootharakal
* Global Public School, Muthulliyal (CBSE)

## Temple Festivals

| Siva Temple at Cherpu | |
| --- | --- |
| Location in Kerala, India | |
| Location | Cherpu, Kerala, India |
| Coordinates | 10°25′53″N 76°11′56″E / 10.4312900°N 76.1990200°E / 10.4312900; 76.1990200 |
|  | |

### Peruvanam Pooram

Peruvanam temple in Cherpu is praised in the Manipravalam work *Chandrostavam*. Six Vattezhuthu and Malayalam inscriptions have been found in the temple. An 11th-century inscription from Thiruvattoor in north Kerala refers to seven persons originally belonging to this village, along with others being established there and a new settlement created. The main prathishta on this temple is Lord Siva. People believe that Peruvanam was once a big forest. The word vanam means forest in Malayalam. Peruvanam means a thick forest. This temple has artworks on the roof. It has a rare double-storeyed sreekovil (sanctum sanctorum), each presided by a deity of Lord Shiva. It is believed that Lord siva did tapas (penance) on a certain tree and that changed into the present sreekovil.

Peruvanam Pooram began a long time ago. Legend has it that it started in the form of an Utsavam (a bit different in rituals from Pooram and extending to 28 days) which went on for 500 years. After that, it was stopped for a period of time. Later it was restarted in the form of two poorams Peruvanam and Arattupuzha. The new version has been in existence now for 1425 years. It is held in the Malayalam month of Meenam (usually, April). There will be an Ezhunnallippu (Malayalam word which means taking out a temple deity atop a caparisoned elephant along with many jumbos—here totalling seven—to the accompaniment of traditional percussion ensembles like Panchari melam or Pandi melam. For the Peruvanam pooram, the first ezhunnallippu starts in the evening. More such processions follow, and the festival ends in the morning. The pooram has its highlight in the form of the four-hour Panchari melam starting past midnight and followed by fireworks.

### Arattupuzha Pooram

The famous Sastha temple at Aarattupuzha is 14 km south of Thrissur town, and celebrates its annual pooram festival in April/May. Arattupuzha pooram is known as Deva mela, a conglomeration of gods, given its massive attendance of deities from neighbourhood shrines. Historical records suggest that Arattupuzha pooram has been celebrated for more than 1,430 years. Like in Peruvanam, Arattupuzha pooram to features a series of ezhunnallipus. The highlight, however, is the kootti ezhunnallippu, where canonically 101 elephants would line up in the wee hours to the accompaniment of Pandi melams. The deity of Sriramaswamy, called Thriprayar Thevar, would occupy the centre slot, atop a decorated tusker on the main dyke (locally called nadavarambu) of the sprawling paddy fields.

Arattupuzha Pooram is the oldest and arguably the most spectacular of the pooram festivals of Kerala. It is believed that on this day 101 gods and goddesses of the neighbouring villages visited Sastha (Ayyappa), the presiding deity of the Arattupuzha temple. Nowadays around 70 elephants take part in the pooram procession on the sixth day of the seven-day festival. Pachari melam, Pandi melam, Panchavadyam add to the festive tempo. The arattu (holy bath of the idol of the deity) ritual is performed with great pomp and gaiety in the Arattupuzha river on the following day.

The final pooram is conducted—these days with 61 caparisoned elephants—bearing bright coloured parasols, presenting an amazing spectacle. The temple ensembles lend the event a touch of majesty. The elephant carries the images of the deities of 41 neighbouring temples to this village. Arattupuzha temple is open 05:00 - 09:30 am & 05:00 - 07:00 pm. The festival concludes with the arattu (holy bath of the idol of the deity).

### Thayamkulangara Pooyam

Thayamkulangara Sree Subrahmanya Swamy Temple is another temple in Cherpu. It is known as Kerala Palani. The main festival in this temple is pooyam. This is celebrated in January–February every year. People celebrate pooyam with kavadiyattam.

### Chathakudam Pooram

Chathakudam Pooram is known as the first Pooram in Peruvanam-Arattupuzha Pooram Festivals. This pooram is historically known as "Thiruvathira Purappadu" of Chathakudam Sree Dharma Sastha on Meenam Month. Chathakudam Sastha will participate in Peruvanam Pooram, Arattupuzha Pooram, Thottippal, Thikkattussery pooram etc. as a main participant. Sastha will be the main honour for Arattupuzha Peruvanam Pooram and Arattupuzha Devamela with Thriprayar Thevar.

## Wooden elephant making

Cherpu, a village in Thrissur, Kerala, is famous for its tradition of making wooden handicrafts. A person can identify elephants made from Cherpu easily by looking at the nail. The nail will be painted in white color neatly. An interesting aspect of this is that the elephants are made with a single piece of wood. There are a number of craftsmen specializing in this art form.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Cherpu | |
| --- | --- |
| town | |
| Coordinates: 10°25′53″N 76°11′56″E / 10.431290°N 76.199020°E / 10.431290; 76.199020 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Thrissur |
| Government | |
| Body | Cherpu Grama Panchayath |
| Languages | |
| Official | Malayalam |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 680561 |
| Area code | 0487 |
| Vehicle registration | KL 45 |
| Temperature Range: 22.5°C -35 °C | |


title: Shiroro

abstract: Shiroro is a Local Government Area in Niger State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the town of Kuta. It has an area of 5,015 square kilometres (1,936 sq mi) and a population of 235,404 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 921.

text:
# Shiroro

**Shiroro** is a Local Government Area in Niger State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the town of Kuta. It has an area of 5,015 square kilometres (1,936 sq mi) and a population of 235,404 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 921.

## Climate

Shiroro, Nigeria, experiences scorching temperatures throughout the year. In January, the average high is 37.8°C, remaining consistent with December. February brings similar heat, with an average high of 39.8°C. March is the hottest of all, with temperatures ranging from 24.7°C to 40.8°C. April remains sweltering, with an average high of 39.3°C. May sees a slight drop to 36.3°C. June maintains the heat, averaging 33.4°C. July remains hot, starting at 30.5°C. August reaches the annual high at 29°C. September maintains the tropical heat at 30.6°C. October stays warm, starting at 33.5°C. November is very hot, with an average high of 36.4°C.

Shiroro has fifteen \[15\] wards as follows:

1. Allawa
2. Bangajiya
3. Bassa/kukoki
4. Egwa/gwada
5. Erena
6. Galkogo
7. Gurmana
8. Gussoro
9. Kato
10. Kushaka/kurebe
11. Kwaki/chukuba
12. Manta
13. Pina
14. She
15. Ubandoma

The major language here is Gbagyi.

## InfoBox

| Shiroro | |
| --- | --- |
| LGA | |
| ShiroroLocation of Shiroro in Nigeria | |
| Coordinates: 9°57′25″N 6°49′55″E / 9.95694°N 6.83194°E / 9.95694; 6.83194 | |
| Country | Nigeria |
| State | Niger State |
| Government | |
| Local Government Chairman and the Head of the Local Government Council | Akilu musa |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (WAT) |
|  | |


title: Cerizay

abstract: Cerizay is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France.

text:
# Cerizay

**Cerizay** (French pronunciation: \[səʁizɛ\]) is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France.

## History

The name *Cerizay* probably originated during the closing centuries of the Roman occupation. During the Middle Ages the old town centre was situated beside a feudal castle. The last two towers of the castle, along with its 12th century chapel, were destroyed when the present (rather flamboyant) church was constructed in 1890.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 3,582 |  |
| 1975 | 4,687 | +3.92% |
| 1982 | 4,881 | +0.58% |
| 1990 | 4,787 | −0.24% |
| 1999 | 4,589 | −0.47% |
| 2007 | 4,591 | +0.01% |
| 2012 | 4,734 | +0.62% |
| 2017 | 4,768 | +0.14% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## Economy

The automotive coachbuilder firm Heuliez had its main production plant on the outskirts of the town. They have been involved in the production of various niche models for French car manufacturers. The firm currently construct the roof module for the Peugeot 206CC and till 2009 built the Vauxhall/Opel Tigra Twin Top. Between June 2011 and December 2013, the "Mia", an electric car developed in Germany, was built under contract with an annual output of 10,000 units.

## People

Famous residents include:

## Twin towns

* Chipping Ongar, England.

## InfoBox

| Cerizay | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
|  | |
| Location of Cerizay | |
| CerizayCerizay | |
| Coordinates: 46°49′20″N 0°39′48″W / 46.8222°N 0.6633°W / 46.8222; -0.6633 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine |
| Department | Deux-Sèvres |
| Arrondissement | Bressuire |
| Canton | Cerizay |
| Intercommunality | CA Bocage Bressuirais |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Johnny Brosseau |
| Area**1** | 18.55 km2 (7.16 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 4,797 |
| Density | 260/km2 (670/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 79062 /79140 |
| Elevation | 143–217 m (469–712 ft)
(avg. 173 m or 568 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: John Reid (merchant)

abstract: John Reid was a Scottish merchant in Canton in the late eighteenth century, where he was in partnership with John Henry Cox and Daniel Beale.

text:
# John Reid (merchant)

**John Reid** (1757 – 11 April 1821) was a Scottish merchant in Canton in the late eighteenth century, where he was in partnership with John Henry Cox and Daniel Beale.

## Early life

Reid was born in Tain in Ross-shire, Scotland in 1757, the second son of John Reid (1725–1779), Bailie of Tain, and his wife Mary Ross (1725–1808).

By 1779 he was in Canton acting as the Austrian Emperor's Consul.

## Partnerships

Reid took on multiple business relationships in Canton, as well as trading on his own account. He was in partnership with a man named Bourgoyne of the French Hong.

In January 1781 John Henry Cox, son of the well known London clockmaker James Cox who had become bankrupt in Canton in 1774, arrived in Macau to try to retrieve some of his father's bad debts and to sell off his remaining stock. He and Jack Reid went into partnership under the name Cox & Reid. The firm acted as agents for India-based shippers who were bringing in raw cotton, cotton piece goods and opium. The partners bought two small ships of their own (the ‘Supply’ and the ‘Enterprise) to trade on their own account. In 1783 the firm was joined by Daniel Beale.

In 1785:

> “Sensing a good thing, the firm of Cox and Reid bought a small brig of 60 tons, (called the ‘Harmon’ but renamed the ‘Sea Otter’) under the command of Captain James Hanna, and despatched the little vessel with a small cargo of woollens, blankets, iron bars, knives, nails, etc. and a supply of ornaments and baubles to the north-west coast of America, to barter with the ‘Red Indians’ in Canada for furs. The area was supposed to be a preserve of the South Sea Company, of London, but this did not seem to worry Cox and his friends in the least. Five hundred and sixty sea-otter skins were obtained and landed and sold at Canton for over £5,000”.

In 1786, trading under the fictitious name of the 'Austrian East India Company’ (supposedly taken from the earlier legitimate company which had gone bankrupt in 1785), the partners bought in London a 400-ton ship called the *Loudoun*, fitted her out there and renamed her *Imperial Eagle*. With false papers (to avoid paying license fees to the East India Company) and flying the Austrian flag she sailed on 24 November from Ostend under Captain Charles William Barkley for Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island via Cape Horn. After various adventures she returned to China towards the end of 1787 with 800 furs which were sold in Macao for 30,000 Spanish silver dollars.

Reid was also the agent for Willem Bolts's Trieste Company: the partnership Gildart & Reid in London was involved with the Trieste Company in the early 1780s. Thomas Gildart in London sold ships such as the *Duke of Grafton* to them. Reid was doing business for Gildart & Reid in Canton for some time after 1784. In the following years his brothers Andrew and David took up the positions.

Ultimately Reid suffered bankruptcy. He had been trading on his own account in Canton, and had run up business losses. He left Canton in February 1787 on the East India Company ship Ganges. (782 tons).

The firm of Cox & Beale, with the later addition of Reid's younger brother David (1761–1845), who left Canton in 1801, eventually became Jardine Matheson. Gildart & Reid existed in Bishopsgate in 1791, when Gouverneur Morris consulted them about bonds.

## Later life

On Reid's return to London he joined his older brother Andrew Reid as a distiller and wine and spirit merchant. When Andrew Reid invested in and became a partner in Meux's Brewery in 1793, Jack also became a partner.

In 1795 Jack married Ann Holland (1768-1848), the daughter of a clergyman. Meux's Brewery became Meux Reid, and after an acrimonious split with the Meux family in 1808, in 1816 became Reid's Brewery.

Jack lived at 48 Bedford Square, London, next door to his brother Andrew at no 46, and also owned Kingswood Lodge in Egham, Surrey. At his death on 11 April 1821 he was still the owner of five £10,000 shares in Reid's Brewery.


title: Dizem Que Sou Louca

abstract: Dizem Que Sou Louca is an EP by Brazilian singer Alice Caymmi, released on 11 January 2019. It consists of four different versions of "Louca" ("Crazy"), a song she had released in 2017 and that was part of the soundtrack of superseries Onde Nascem os Fortes, by Rede Globo: a remastered version, an acoustic version, a remixed version and an a cappella version. The EP was released with a show at Sesc Pompeia, in São Paulo, on the following day of the release's arrival on digital platforms.

text:
# Dizem Que Sou Louca

***Dizem Que Sou Louca*** ("They Say I'm Crazy") is an EP by Brazilian singer Alice Caymmi, released on 11 January 2019. It consists of four different versions of "Louca" ("Crazy"), a song she had released in 2017 and that was part of the soundtrack of superseries *Onde Nascem os Fortes*, by Rede Globo: a remastered version, an acoustic version, a remixed version and an a cappella version.

The EP was released with a show at Sesc Pompeia, in São Paulo, on the following day of the release's arrival on digital platforms.

## Background

The track was originally recorded by Mexican singer Thalía on her 2005 album *El Sexto Sentido*, but Caymmi actually first heard it in a cover version by Banda Kitara. Originally, the song would be the closer of her 2018 album *Alice*, but it ended up excluded from the final track listing and would only be added back as a bonus track of the album's 2019 re-release, in its a cappella version, which was exclusively released prior to the EP at Red Bull's website. "Louca" would close the album so that it would contrast with the opening track "Spiritual", which opening lines say "I'm not getting crazy".

The idea of releasing the track was matured throughout 2018, with the original plan having the EP as a Christmas gift for the fans. However, that did not happen. Nevertheless, the idea of allowing fans "to see different ways of making the same song also, of choosing my favorite form of them", as the singer put it, was kept. In another interview, she said:

> I think my albums have many romantic ballads and stuff, but my shows have been featuring many dancing songs, many fun and dancing songs. The audience was missing having those songs at home, in order to dance... And it's the turning point before a new period, because it became clear that new things were approaching, and everything would have a new face.

About the lyrics, Caymmi said:

> I think this is the topic I most exploit in my career. Even more than the abusive relationship issue, is the Glaslighting \[sic\] aspect, right? Saying women are uncontrollable, mystical, out-of-reality beings and diminish everything they say. This is a very strong issue in my life and I brought it to music, mainly to that track.

The acoustic version features Mateo Piracés-Ugarte, from the band Francisco, el Hombre, and it received a clip, which exclusively debuted at the Tenho Mais Discos Que Amigos! website and was recorded at YouTube Space, in Rio de Janeiro. About the partnership, Piracés-Ugarte said:

> I've never been the best instrumentalist, the best producer nor the most talented. But I was lucky to be in the right place at the right time. I'm very dedicated, and Alice's invitation came for me to re-arrange and create an acoustic version. I used my way of playing the acoustic guitar and I was scared! A great responsibility. Fortunately, she was willing to accept new things and different Latin rhythm.

The remixed version was created by DJ J Brasil. By the time of the EP's release, she was already sure of a future release for the same year - it came in May, titled *Electra*.

The EP cover features a photograph by Rafael Di Celio, with art by Camila Camargo and art direction by Caymmi herself.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Estéfano and José Luis Pagán

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Louca" (remastered version) | 2:41 |
| 2. | "Louca" (acoustic version (featuring Mateo Piracés-Ugarte)) | 3:41 |
| 3. | "Louca" (remixed version) | 2:06 |
| 4. | "Louca" (a cappella version) | 3:05 |
| Total length: | | 11:33 |

## InfoBox

| Dizem Que Sou Louca | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Alice Caymmi | |
| Released | 11 January 2019 (2019-01-11) |
| Recorded | 2017 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 11:33 |
| Label | Flecha de Prata Edições Musicais (under license by Universal Music International) |
| Alice Caymmi chronology | |
| *Alice*
(2018) ***Dizem Que Sou Louca***
(2019) *Electra*
(2019) | |


title: Texnikoi

abstract: Texnikoi (TNK) is an honorary organization for students in the College of Engineering at Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio, United States. It was established in 1924 and recognizes both academic achievement and campus and extra-curricular involvement.

text:
# Texnikoi

**Texnikoi** (**TNK**) is an honorary organization for students in the College of Engineering at Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio, United States. It was established in 1924 and recognizes both academic achievement and campus and extra-curricular involvement.

## History

**Texnikoi Engineering Honorary Fraternity** was founded on November 5, 1924 at Ohio State University as an honorary organization for students in the College of Engineering. At the time this organization was founded, many students felt that some effort should be made to recognize outstanding work in the extra-curricular field. The founders of Texnikoi include:

* Arthur C. Avril
* Peter B. Baggs
* Edward Burkhalter
* Jesse R. Glaeser
* Richard R. Grant
* Charles L. Lockett
* Howard L. Matthews
* Donald F. McChurchy
* George R. Miller
* Loren A. Murphy
* Herman F. Nofer
* Albert Ward Ross Jr.
* Hoyt L. Sherman
* Edmund D. Watts
* Rolland P. Wood
* Clarence T. Woodward

Its purpose is to give due recognition to those members of the College of Engineering who have distinguished themselves as campus leaders while maintaining, at the same time, a commendable academic record. Avril was the main founder and first president of the organization. Although he graduated from Ohio State in 1925, he remained in close contact with Texnikoi until he died in July 1996.

In 1989, Avril raised close to $250,000 for the Texnikoi by auctioning off his 1954 Mercedes Benz 300SL Gullwing. This donation has allowed for the thousands of dollars in scholarships for outstanding members and for the coverage of operating expenses of the society

## Symbols

Texnikoi's colors are black and yellow.

The three main values of Texnikoi are:

* **Participation** in activities
* **Leadership** in organizations
* **Service** to the university and the community

The Texnikoi plaque is a hand-crafted representation of the Texnikoi symbol. At the beginning of every initiation period, members are instructed to make a plaque to represent the symbol of Texnikoi. Initiates are only given an unfinished die cast of the TNK symbol and criteria as to which the aspects of the plaque must fall into. Plaques are due before initiation and then given back to the newly initiated members as a symbol of membership. Alumni who have lost their plaques may request a new one be made by contacting the current President or Adviser of Texnikoi.

## Activities

Texnikoi meets once a month during the regular school year. Meetings serve two purposes: i) to inform members of the upcoming service, philanthropy, and social events, and ii) to allow engineers to meet other engineers and create a social network.

Each year the active membership of Texnikoi selects an alumnus of the College of Engineering to receive the Texnikoi Outstanding Alumni Award. The award was first presented in 1955. Recipients are under the age of forty, have risen rapidly in the field of engineering, have made outstanding contributions through civic and social activities, and has not received prior departmental recognition. The precedence has been established that a department should not be considered for two years after one of its alumni receives the award. Notable recipients of the award include Tamer Ibrahim in 2013.

The society also awards scholarships to its members annually.

## Membership

Texnikoi admits 25 inductees each year, from a variety of engineering specializations. Potential members must be an engineering student at Ohio State University with an above-average cumulative GPA and a status of at least sophomore. Members are then chosen by their level of extra-curricular activity. The number of activities participated in by a student is not necessarily indicative of his/her qualification for membership in this fraternity, but rather how he/she has assumed active leadership, administrative ability, and integrity.Membership applications are reviewed annually in early November.

## Notable members

## InfoBox

| Texnikoi | |
| --- | --- |
| TNK | |
|  | |
| Founded | November 5, 1924 (1924-11-05)
Ohio State University |
| Type | Honor |
| Affiliation | Independent |
| Status | Active |
| Emphasis | Engineering |
| Scope | Local |
| Pillars | Participation, Leadership, Service |
| Colors | Black and   Yellow |
| Chapters | 1 |
| Headquarters | 2070 Neil Avenue
Columbus, Ohio 43210
United States |
| Website | texnikoi.osu.edu |


title: Canon EF 28-90mm lens

abstract: The Canon EF 28–90mm f/4–5.6 is a full frame SLR zoom lens, also often included as a kit lens with Canon EOS film cameras. The maximum aperture is f/4 at 28mm, reducing to f/5.6 at 90mm. When set to 90mm, this will create a moderate amount of background blur for portrait photography. There are several versions of this lens. They all share an identical optical design of 10 lenses in 8 groups and 5 aperture petals. Versions I and II were available with either a DC auto focus motor or an ultrasonic USM motor. All other differences are purely cosmetic. All versions had plastic lens mounts and barrels. Some were available in silver or black colour. The lens is a very lightweight design, and has fast auto focus even without USM. Image quality suffers, though, particularly between 28–35mm and 80–90mm, and there is heavy vignetting when used wide open. For digital EOS cameras with APS-C sensors, the EF-S 18–55mm lens covers the same focal length range. This is due to crop factor. EF-S lenses only work with Canon 1.6x crop cameras, which results in an angle of view roughly equivalent to that of a 29–90mm lens on a 35mm camera. Like the 28–90mm, the 18–55mm is also a kit lens.

text:
# Canon EF 28-90mm lens

The **Canon EF 28–90mm f/4–5.6** is a full frame SLR zoom lens, also often included as a kit lens with Canon EOS film cameras.

The maximum aperture is f/4 at 28mm, reducing to f/5.6 at 90mm. When set to 90mm, this will create a moderate amount of background blur for portrait photography.

There are several versions of this lens. They all share an identical optical design of 10 lenses in 8 groups and 5 aperture petals. Versions I and II were available with either a DC auto focus motor or an ultrasonic USM motor. All other differences are purely cosmetic. All versions had plastic lens mounts and barrels. Some were available in silver or black colour.

The lens is a very lightweight design, and has fast auto focus even without USM. Image quality suffers, though, particularly between 28–35mm and 80–90mm, and there is heavy vignetting when used wide open.

For digital EOS cameras with APS-C sensors, the EF-S 18–55mm lens covers the same focal length range. This is due to crop factor. EF-S lenses only work with Canon 1.6x crop cameras, which results in an angle of view roughly equivalent to that of a 29–90mm lens on a 35mm camera. Like the 28–90mm, the 18–55mm is also a kit lens.

## InfoBox

EF 28–90mm f/4–5.6 II USM
EF 28–90mm f/4–5.6 III
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Maker | Canon |
| Technical data | |
| Focus drive | Utrasonic motor |
| Focal length | 28–90 mm |
| Aperture (max/min) | f/4 / f/32 |
| Close focus distance | 0.38 m / 1.3 ft |
| Max. magnification | 0.30 (at 90 mm) |
| Diaphragm blades | 5 |
| Construction | 10 elements in 8 groups |
| Features | |
| Short back focus | No |
| Lens-based stabilization | No |
| Macro capable | No |
| Physical | |
| Max. length | 71 mm / 2.8 in |
| Diameter | 67 mm / 2.6 in |
| Weight | 190 g / 6.7 oz |
| Filter diameter | 58 mm |
| Accessories | |
| Lens hood | EW-60C |
| Angle of view | |
| Horizontal | 65°–22°40' |
| Vertical | 46°–15°10' |
| Diagonal | 75°–27° |
| Retail info | |
| MSRP | $189.99USD |


title: Jorge Castaño

abstract: Jorge Castaño is a Colombian professional wrestler who works for many promotions in the United Kingdom. He is the most recent claimant to date of the British Middleweight title. He is also a former UKPW World Champion.

text:
# Jorge Castaño

**Jorge Castaño** (born September 28, 1981) is a Colombian professional wrestler who works for many promotions in the United Kingdom. He is the most recent claimant to date of the British Middleweight title. He is also a former UKPW World Champion.

## Early life

Jorge Castaño was born in the Cali, Colombia and gained an interest in wrestling at a very early age. Once Jorge reached ten years of age, he and his family moved to the United Kingdom. By the age of thirteen, Castaño was involved in amateur Olympic-style wrestling. In order to train, Castaño had to take part in strenuous training exercises, including running and weightlifting. Upon completion of training, Castaño would later win numerous trophies of amateur wrestling, including the 1995, Amateur British Championship in the 65 kg category.

Castaño was soon offered an amateur wrestling scholarship in the U.S. but unfortunately he was under sixteen years of age, which meant by law he could not accept it. Instead, Castaño remained in the UK and took up professional wrestling in 1996. His training took place at NWA UK Hammerlock, the UK affiliated branch of the National Wrestling Alliance. In 1997, Jorge made his professional wrestling debut in Kent, England as part of a tag team contest.

## Career

Only one year later, Castaño left NWA UK Hammerlock and began wrestling in numerous UK wrestling promotions, including The Wrestling Alliance, All Star Wrestling, the Frontier Wrestling Alliance, the World Association of Wrestling, Rumble Promotions and many others while steadily improving his in-ring abilities as well.

In 1999, Castaño appeared in the Ultimate Wrestling Alliance for three matches at the *Pain at the Pleasure Beach* television tapings for the cable channel *L!VE TV*, giving him experience in front of a televised audience. While working with the UWA, Castaño soon began training his younger brother Alex, who made his debut shortly afterwards. On September 9, in *FWA Reckless Abandon* He faced Mark Sloan for the FWA British Heavyweight Championship but was defeated by disqualification.

On March 23, 2000, Castaño was part of the FWA British Tag Team Championships Tournament Final Match with Scottie Rock as his tag team partner, in a failed attempt against The New Breed (Ashe & Curve). On August 5, Castaño participated for the vacant FWA British Heavyweight Championship Tournament, where Justin Richards were crowned as new champion.

In 2001, the two formed a tag team known as **The Colombian Connection**, later changed to **La Familia**. They won the FWA Tag Team Championships from The New Breed at an event in Portsmouth, Hampshire on June 19. They would hold the titles for over two and half months before losing the titles back to The New Breed on September 1 in Harrow, Middlesex.

After the title loss, Castaño made his debut for Revolution British Wrestling in September 2002 and began focusing on his singles career after first defeating his brother Alex in Nottingham in what was Alex's final professional match. Castaño soon became a trainer as well as a full-time wrestler for RBW. Castaño soon went on to defeat Johnny Kidd for the RBW British Middleweight Championship on May 22, 2004 in Hitchin, Hertfordshire. Castaño retained the title until the promotion's closure in late 2005.

Castaño would continue to compete in various independent promotions, including 1 Pro Wrestling, before returning to the Frontier Wrestling Alliance. He also helped the promotion in its "Civil War" against the IPW:UK.

On October 22, 2006, in IPW:UK Extreme Measures 3, Castaño was part of the Extreme Measures Tournament Final No Rules Four Way Dance, along with Leroy Kincaid, Aviv Maayan and Pac, which was finally won by Leroy Kincaid.

On December 2, 2014, Castaño took part in Athletic Club Wrestling promotion, based in Germany, on *ACW Universe Brawl*, where participated in a tournament for the ACW German Championship. In semifinals, he defeated Dean Jazzman thanks to the interference of Steve Morocco. Later, in finale match, he defeated "The Prodigy" Denko, in this case by the interference of Boombastic, becoming the ACW German Champion. Immediately, BAM's music sounded and then cashed his title ticket for the ACW German Championship and then he defeated Castaño and snatching the title.

On November 21, 2015, Castaño competed for United Kingdom Pro Wrestling promotion, on *UKPW Showcase*, which took place at Medway Park, Gillingham, Kent, where he defeated James Mason to win the UKPW World Championship for the first time.

## Outside of wrestling

Castaño has a drama school background, and looks to do more acting in the future. Castaño is also a qualified gym instructor and lifeguard.

## Championships and accomplishments

### Amateur wrestling

* 65 kg Amateur British Champion (1995)

### Professional wrestling

* **Athletic Club Wrestling**

* ACW German Championship (1 time)
* **Revolution British Wrestling**

* **United Kingdom Pro Wrestling**

* UKPW World Championship (1 time)

## InfoBox

| Jorge Castaño | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Jorge Castaño |
| Born | (1981-09-28) September 28, 1981
Cali, Colombia |
| Professional wrestling career | |
| Ring name(s) | Jorge Castaño
George Castaño
Giorgio Castaño |
| Billed height | 5 ft 7 in (170 cm) |
| Billed weight | 198 lb (90 kg) |
| Billed from | Cali, Colombia |
| Trained by | NWA UK Hammerlock staff |
| Debut | 1997 |


title: Lanning Roper

abstract: Lanning Roper was an American landscape architect and writer who studied and lived in England.

text:
# Lanning Roper

**Lanning Roper** (4 February 1912  22 March 1983) was an American landscape architect and writer who studied and lived in England.

## Early life and education

He was born in West Orange, New Jersey, the son of Willet Crosby Roper (1877–1966), an investment banker, and Florence Emily née Eveleth (1874–1961). His maternal grandfather William Hartley Eveleth (1840–1922) was the Superintendent of the college grounds for Harvard University and Radcliffe College. Roper received an honors degree in Fine Arts from Harvard University in 1933.

### Work

Roper had many garden commissions all over England, and some in Ireland (including Castlemartin), France, Italy, Switzerland and the United States. He was commissioned as Prince Charles' landscape gardener in 1981 to do the grounds at Highgrove House in the Cotswolds. From 1951 to 1957 was on the staff of the Royal Horticultural Society as Assistant to the Editor.

## Military service

He served in the US Navy in World War II, and was in charge of Division 67 on D-Day.

## Personal life

In 1952 he married artist Primrose Harley (1908–1978), daughter of Professor (Edward) Vaughan Berkeley Harley MD MRCP (1863–1923) and Mary Blagden (1869–1936). Her paternal grandfather was George Harley and Ethel Brilliana Tweedie was an aunt. Primrose had previously married and divorced from Lt Col John Alfred Codrington (1898–1991), son of Lt-Gen Sir Alfred Edward Codrington.

### Publications

Roper wrote seven books, including *Successful Town Gardening*, *Hardy Herbaceous Plants*, *The gardens in the Royal park at Windsor* and  *On gardens and gardening*.

### Memories

The Lanning Roper Memorial Garden at the Trinity Hospice on Clapham Common, London, was originally designed by Roper and constructed after his death. The woodland walk at the Farnsworth House in Plano, Illinois now bears his name, and at Scotney Castle in Lamberhurst, Kent in England, a streamside walk is dedicated to Roper’s memory.

### Death

Roper died in Paddington, London, and his ashes were scattered over the gardens at Scotney Castle.

## Scholarship

A book titled *Lanning Roper and his Gardens* was written by Jane Brown in 1987.


title: Soerensen

abstract:
Soerensen may refer to:
  - Jan Soerensen or Jan Sørensen,, Danish former football player
  - Nicki Soerensen or Nicki Sørensen,, Danish professional road bicycle racer
  - Palle Soerensen or Palle Sørensen,, former small-time criminal who shot and killed four police officers in 1965
  - Peder Soerensen, known as Petrus Severinus (1542–1602), Danish physician and follower of Paracelsus
  - Rolf Soerensen or Rolf Sørensen,, Danish former professional road bicycle racer
  - Soeren Peter Lauritz Soerensen (1868–1939), Danish chemist, created the pH scale for measuring acidity and alkalinity

text:
# Soerensen

**Soerensen** may refer to:

* Jan Soerensen or Jan Sørensen, (born 1955), Danish former football player
* Nicki Soerensen or Nicki Sørensen, (born 1975), Danish professional road bicycle racer
* Palle Soerensen or Palle Sørensen, (born 1927), former small-time criminal who shot and killed four police officers in 1965
* Peder Soerensen, known as Petrus Severinus (1542–1602), Danish physician and follower of Paracelsus
* Rolf Soerensen or Rolf Sørensen, (born 1965), Danish former professional road bicycle racer
* Soeren Peter Lauritz Soerensen (1868–1939), Danish chemist, created the pH scale for measuring acidity and alkalinity


title: Cecil Dorrian

abstract:
Cecil Inslee Dorrian was one of eighteen women whom the American Expeditionary Forces accredited as visiting war correspondents during World War I. She wrote about the war in France and England for the Newark Evening News, beginning in 1914, and her work often ran on the front page. When Dorrian died, in 1926, a front-page article in the Newark Evening News claimed that she had been “the first accredited American woman war correspondent to reach
the battlefront in France in 1918.”

text:
# Cecil Dorrian

**Cecil** **Inslee Dorrian** was one of eighteen women whom the American Expeditionary Forces accredited as visiting war correspondents during World War I. She wrote about the war in France and England for the *Newark Evening News*, beginning in 1914, and her work often ran on the front page. When Dorrian died, in 1926, a front-page article in the *Newark Evening News* claimed that she had been “the first accredited American woman war correspondent to reach the battlefront in France in 1918.”

## Early life

Dorrian was born September 20, 1882, in Troy, New York, to Joseph and Marie Dorrian. Her father was a secretary to Edward Weston. Dorrian attended Barnard College and graduated in 1905. In the Barnard yearbooks Dorrian participates in activities from dance committee and theater, to basketball, journalism and pingpong. In 1907 she accepted a job with the *Ladies' Home Companion.* Sometime after this she worked as drama critic for the *New York Tribune,* also writing other pieces*.* From 1912 to 1914, Dorrian wrote for the *New York Tribune* as a theater critic and European representative of the Oscar Morosco Theater Company.

## War correspondent

Dorrian began writing for the *Newark Evening News* as a war correspondent in 1914. She wrote about the war in France and England for the *Newark Evening News*, beginning in 1914, and her work often ran on the front page. When Dorrian died, in 1926, a front-page article in the *Newark Evening News* noted that she had been “the first accredited American woman war correspondent to reach the battlefront in France in 1918.” In October 1918, while she and two other women war correspondents were touring a battlefront with the Press Department of the Foreign Office, their guide was killed by a hand grenade. She went to the front lines with the 78th Division sending the *News* "a firsthand account".

Captain Arthur Hartzell wrote of Dorrian, "Miss..Dorian writes more intelligently about the operations of the Army than any other woman correspondent if one judges her writing from a military viewpoint”. Her articles for the *Newark News* were often weekly and often on the front page .

## Playwright

Dorrian wrote the play *"*The Age of Reason -- a Divorce Problem Play for Modern Children" . It ran on Broadway from 1915 to 1916 and was published in Vanity Fair in July 1916. It then played around the country with the *Los Angeles Times* calling it "a brilliant satire on divorce".

## Later work and death

Dorrian provided extensive international coverage for the *Newark Evening News* through the mid-1920s*.* She died Aug 18, 1926 of pneumonia at a sanitorium near Baltimore, Md. with her mother by her side.

## InfoBox

| Cecil Inslee Dorrian | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1882-09-20)September 20, 1882
New York, US |
| Died | August 18, 1926(1926-08-18) (aged 43)
Baltimore, Maryland, US |


title: Richard Lind

abstract: Tan Sri Richard Allan Lind was a civil servant who served as Sabah State Secretary from 1968 to 1976 and one of the prominent figures responsible for the erection of the Keningau Oath Stone, a monument in Sabah, Malaysia.

text:
# Richard Lind

Tan Sri **Richard Allan Lind** (22 August 1923 – 20 March 2021) was a civil servant who served as Sabah State Secretary from 1968 to 1976 and one of the prominent figures responsible for the erection of the Keningau Oath Stone, a monument in Sabah, Malaysia.

## Books

* *My Sabah: Reminiscences of a Former State Secretary*, (2003) ISBN 9789838120760

1. "Ex-State Secretary Richard Lind passes away at 98". *Daily Express Online*. 20 March 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
2. Lee, Stephanie (20 March 2021). "Man behind Keningau Oath Stone, Richard Lind, passes away". *The Star*. Retrieved 23 March 2021.

## InfoBox

| Richard Lind | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Sabah State Secretary | |
| **In office**
1968–1976 | |
| Nominated by | Pengiran Ahmad Raffae |
| Appointed by | Mustapha Harun |
| Governor | Pengiran Ahmad Raffae
Fuad Stephens
Mohd Hamdan Abdullah |
| Preceded by | John Benedict Dusing |
| Succeeded by | Abdul Hamid Egoh |
| Chief Minister | Mustapha Harun
Mohammad Said Keruak |
| Chairman, Sabah Civil Service Commission | |
| **In office**
1976–1978 | |
| Nominated by | Mohd Hamdan Abdullah |
| Appointed by | Mohammad Said Keruak |
| Governor | Mohd Hamdan Abdullah
Ahmad Koroh |
| Chief Minister | Mohammad Said Keruak
Fuad Stephens
Harris Salleh |
| District Officer, Tenom | |
| **In office**
1965–1968 | |
| Governor | Mustapha Harun
Pengiran Ahmad Raffae |
| Chief Minister | Fuad Stephens
Peter Lo
Mustapha Harun |
| District Officer, Keningau | |
| **In office**
1963–1965 | |
| Governor | Mustapha Harun |
| Chief Minister | Fuad Stephens
Peter Lo |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Richard Allan Lind
(1923-08-22)August 22, 1923
Tenom, North Borneo, British Empire |
| Died | March 20, 2021(2021-03-20) (aged 97)
Signal Hill, Likas, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah |
| Citizenship | Malaysian |
| Nationality | Malaysia |
| Spouse | Betty Lind |
| Profession | Civil servant |
|  | |


title: Cerić, Croatia

abstract: Cerić is a village in eastern Croatia, located to the northeast of Vinkovci. Cerić was first mentioned in historical documents in 1267, as part of the Monoštar estate. Today, Cerić is part of the Nuštar municipality. During the Croatian War of Independence, Cerić was on the eastern front, and it was occupied by Serbian forces on October 2, 1991, to the detriment of the Croatian civilian population.

text:
# Cerić, Croatia

**Cerić** is a village in eastern Croatia, located to the northeast of Vinkovci.

Cerić was first mentioned in historical documents in 1267, as part of the Monoštar estate. Today, Cerić is part of the Nuštar municipality.

During the Croatian War of Independence, Cerić was on the eastern front, and it was occupied by Serbian forces on October 2, 1991, to the detriment of the Croatian civilian population.

## InfoBox

| Cerić | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| CerićCerićCerić | |
| Coordinates: 45°18′40″N 18°51′23″E / 45.311151°N 18.856404°E / 45.311151; 18.856404 | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Vukovar-Syrmia |
| Municipality | Nuštar |
| Area | |
| Total | 13.9 km2 (5.4 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 1,292 |
| Density | 93/km2 (240/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 32221 Nuštar |


title: Rani Shiromani

abstract: Rani Shiromani was the queen of Karnagarh, during the Company rule in India. She was a valiant leader of peasants who rebelled against the British East India Company. she played a major role in the Chuar Rebellion in Midnapore. She created the first revolt against the British through the farmers in Midnapore. She was against the British East India Company and refused to pay taxes. Thus, she was called as the Rani Laxmi Bai of Midnapore.

text:
# Rani Shiromani

**Rani Shiromani** was the queen of Karnagarh, during the Company rule in India. She was a valiant leader of peasants who rebelled against the British East India Company. she played a major role in the Chuar Rebellion in Midnapore. She created the first revolt against the British through the farmers in Midnapore. She was against the British East India Company and refused to pay taxes. Thus, she was called as the *Rani Laxmi Bai of Midnapore*.

## Karnagarh Raj

According to Binoy Ghosh, the Kings of Karnagarh ruled over a zamindari that included Midnapore and the surrounding areas. The Sadgop dynasty that ruled over Karnagarh included Raja Lakshman Singh (1568–1661), Raja Shyam Singh (1661–1668), Raja Chhotu Roy (1667), Raja Raghunath Roy (1671–1693), Raja Ram Singh (1693–1711), Raja Jaswant Singh (1711–1749), Raja Ajit Singh (1749) and Rani Shiromani (1756–1812). They had a close relationship with the rulers of Narajole.

The king of Karnagarh, Raja Ajit Singh, had two queens, Rani Bhawani and Rani Shiromani. Raja Ajit Singh died childless in 1753 and his property went into the hands of his two queens. Rani Bhawani died in 1760. The guardian of the Rani Shiromani made the Midnapore Raj over to Anandalal in 1800.

## Chuar rebellion

The Chuar Rebellion, a series of peasant rebellions between 1769 and 1834 by the inhabitants of the countryside surrounding the West Bengali settlements of Midnapore, Bankura and Manbhum against the rule of the East India Company (EIC). In 1760s, the British East India Company was awarded the *Diwani* or rights to land of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa by the Mughal rulers of Delhi. This led to the raising of land taxes many times. This caused many, including some small landlords and peasants, to lose their land and property to the company. Thus, rebels rose in revolt against the exploitative land revenue policies of the EIC, which threatened their economic livelihoods. In 1799, Rani Shiromani led the revolt against the British administration and tax collectors in Midnapore. Rani led the band of peasants into a guerilla war against the British Company. The Karnagarh temple was the hotspot of the *Chuars* during the Chuar movement. However, she was captured and imprisoned for 13 years at Abasgarh fort in Midnapore until her death in 1812. She was kept in solitary confinement at Hijli prison, now called as Shaheed Bhawan, IIT Kharagpur. She was the India's first lady prisoner for leading the Chuar Rebellion as early as the 1790s.

Amongst the many dispossessed Bhumij *zamindars*, those who lent support to the rebels included royalties such as, Jagannath Singh of Dhalbhum, Subal Singh of Kuilapal, Shyam Ganjam Singh of Dhadka, Durjan Singh of Raipur, Lakshman Singh of Barabhum, Baidyanath Singh of Dhalbhum, Mangal Singh of Panchet, Ganga Narayan Singh of Barabhum, Raghunath Mahato of Dhalbhum, Raja Madhu Singh of Manbhum, Raja Mohan Singh of Juriah, Lakshman Singh of Dulma, Sunder Narayan Singh and Fateh Singh.

## Honours

The Indian Railways has introduced the Howrah-Adra Shiromani fast passenger train to commemorate the title of the Rani Shiromani.

## InfoBox

| Rani Shiromani | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1728 |
| Died | 1812<br>Midnapore, British India |
| Known for | Chuar Rebellion |
| Title | Queen of Karnagarh |
| Spouse | Raja Ajit Singh |


title: The Lyon's Den

abstract: The Lyon's Den is an American legal drama television series set in Washington, D.C. The legal drama starred Rob Lowe as a lawyer named Jack Turner, newly appointed as partner of a long-established law firm that, as the plot revealed, harbored some dark secrets; the series' title and firm's name are allusions to the surname of Lowe, who also served as executive producer. Much of the plot centered on the firm's internal politics and on Turner's attempts to uncover information on some of the firm's conspiracies while acting as the defense for some of the firm's higher-profile clients in a different case each episode. The cast, headed by Lowe, also included Matt Craven, Elizabeth Mitchell, Kyle Chandler, Frances Fisher, and David Krumholtz. The series premiered on the American television network NBC on September 28, 2003, but although thirteen episodes were ordered and produced, only six aired before NBC cancelled the series on November 30, 2003, due to low ratings. When the UK's channel Five bought the United Kingdom terrestrial TV rights to the series in 2004, it aired all thirteen episodes. Rob Lowe later stated that after finding out about the show's cancellation he and the show's producers decided to make the last episodes – which they were contractually obligated to make – as absurd as possible, including an "off the wall" and freakish ending.

text:
# The Lyon's Den

***The Lyon's Den*** is an American legal drama television series set in Washington, D.C. The legal drama starred Rob Lowe as a lawyer named Jack Turner, newly appointed as partner of a long-established law firm that, as the plot revealed, harbored some dark secrets; the series' title and firm's name are allusions to the surname of Lowe, who also served as executive producer. Much of the plot centered on the firm's internal politics and on Turner's attempts to uncover information on some of the firm's conspiracies while acting as the defense for some of the firm's higher-profile clients in a different case each episode.

The cast, headed by Lowe, also included Matt Craven, Elizabeth Mitchell, Kyle Chandler, Frances Fisher, and David Krumholtz.

The series premiered on the American television network NBC on September 28, 2003, but although thirteen episodes were ordered and produced, only six aired before NBC cancelled the series on November 30, 2003, due to low ratings. When the UK's channel Five bought the United Kingdom terrestrial TV rights to the series in 2004, it aired all thirteen episodes. Rob Lowe later stated that after finding out about the show's cancellation he and the show's producers decided to make the last episodes – which they were contractually obligated to make – as absurd as possible, including an "off the wall" and freakish ending.

## Characters

Character descriptions courtesy of *Entertainment Weekly* and *The Blade*

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | Prod.
code |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Pilot" | Rod Holcomb | Remi Aubuchon | September 28, 2003 (2003-09-28) | 1AHL79 |
| 2 | "The Other Side of Caution" | Daniel Sackheim | *Story by*: Remi Aubuchon
*Teleplay by*: Jon Cowan, Robert Rovner & Remi Aubuchon | October 5, 2003 (2003-10-05) | 1AHL01 |
| 3 | "Things She Said" | Vincent Misiano | Kevin Falls | October 12, 2003 (2003-10-12) | 1AHL02 |
| 4 | "Hubris" | Paul Michael Glaser | Judith McCreary | October 19, 2003 (2003-10-19) | 1AHL03 |
| 5 | "Trick or Treat" | Jack Bender | Jon Cowan & Robert Rovner | October 26, 2003 (2003-10-26) | 1AHL04 |
| 6 | "Ex" | Jessica Yu | Karyn Usher | November 30, 2003 (2003-11-30) | 1AHL05 |
| 7 | "The Quantum Theory" | Elodie Keene | Alfredo Barrios Jr. | *Unaired* | 1AHL06 |
| 8 | "The Fifth" | Timothy Busfield | Kevin Falls | *Unaired* | 1AHL07 |
| 9 | "Separation Anxiety" | Paul Shapiro | Judith McCreary | *Unaired* | 1AHL08 |
| 10 | "Blood" | Daniel Sackheim | Jon Cowan & Robert Rovner | *Unaired* | 1AHL09 |
| 11 | "Beach House" | Peter O'Fallon | Katie Botel | *Unaired* | 1AHL10 |
| 12 | "Duty to Save" | Peter Levin | Brett Mahoney | *Unaired* | 1AHL11 |
| 13 | "Privileged" | Jack Bender | Alfredo Barrios Jr. & Karyn Usher | *Unaired* | 1AHL12 |

## Production

### Singer Jewel's casting

In his memoir, *Love Life*, Lowe stated that he lobbied for singer-actress Jewel to be cast as his love interest in the show after seeing her performance in Ang Lee's cult film *Ride With The Devil*. However, when she arrived on set there was no chemistry between the two and Jewel brought her then-boyfriend, rodeo star Ty Murray, to the set with her on the day the actors were to film a love scene. According to Lowe, Jewel appeared uncomfortable at having to kiss Lowe, and unsuccessfully asked if the scene could be removed.

Finally relenting by stating, "Let's just do this", Lowe said Jewel agreed to do the scene. Lowe stated: "But as we approached the kissing moment it became strained and it's never good when you can't trust that your fellow actor is on the same page... I pecked her on the lips; her mouth scrunched closed like you would do if someone was going to stick something unwanted into it, which I was not intending. I sort of moved my head from side to side to make it look real, like there was at least a dollop of energy or passion. 'Cut', said the director. Jewel looked at me and wiped the back of her hand across her lips like an American Sign Language version of 'Yuck'".

Jewel was one of the celebrities chosen to roast Rob Lowe in 2015. She joked that she had asked to write out the kiss with Lowe "because I knew where that mouth had been."

### Cancellation and improvised ending

Lowe said, in a May 9, 2014 appearance on the NPR radio gameshow *Wait Wait Don't Tell Me*, that he and the show's producers purposefully made all 13 episodes – which they were contractually obligated to make for possible DVD distribution – as absurd as possible. The last episode ended with Lowe's character being exposed as a serial killer by Grant Rushton (Kyle Chandler), whom he then kills before jumping to his death from the firm's office tower.

## InfoBox

| *The Lyon's Den* | |
| --- | --- |
| Series title card | |
| Genre | Legal drama |
| Created by | Remi Aubuchon |
| Starring |  |
| Composer | W.G. Snuffy Walden |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 13 (7 unaired) |
| Production | |
| Executive producers |  |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Production companies |  |
| Original release | |
| Network | NBC |
| Release | September 28 (2003-09-28)
November 30, 2003 (2003-11-30) |


title: Delphinium hutchinsoniae

abstract: Delphinium hutchinsoniae is a rare species of larkspur known by the common names Monterey larkspur and Hutchinson's larkspur. It is endemic to California, where it is known only from Monterey County. This wildflower reaches a meter in height but is usually shorter. The leaves are divided into lobes which are further divided into smaller lobes, and they are mostly located low on the plant. The top of the thin, erect stem is occupied by an inflorescence of not more than ten flowers. Each flower has sepals which are brilliant purple or blue to lavender, two petals which are the same color, and two upper petals which are usually white. The spur is up to two centimeters long and curves down at the tip.

text:
# Delphinium hutchinsoniae

***Delphinium hutchinsoniae*** is a rare species of larkspur known by the common names **Monterey larkspur** and **Hutchinson's larkspur**. It is endemic to California, where it is known only from Monterey County. This wildflower reaches a meter in height but is usually shorter. The leaves are divided into lobes which are further divided into smaller lobes, and they are mostly located low on the plant. The top of the thin, erect stem is occupied by an inflorescence of not more than ten flowers. Each flower has sepals which are brilliant purple or blue to lavender, two petals which are the same color, and two upper petals which are usually white. The spur is up to two centimeters long and curves down at the tip.

## InfoBox

| *Delphinium hutchinsoniae* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Imperiled  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Ranunculales |
| Family: | Ranunculaceae |
| Genus: | *Delphinium* |
| Species: | ***D. hutchinsoniae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Delphinium hutchinsoniae***
Ewan | |
|


title: Scott Mutter

abstract: Charles Scott Mutter was an American photographer best known for his photomontages. His photos were shown in galleries and printed on a wide variety of media, from posters to mouse pads.

text:
# Scott Mutter

**Charles Scott Mutter** (January 14, 1944 – March 5, 2008) was an American photographer best known for his photomontages. His photos were shown in galleries and printed on a wide variety of media, from posters to mouse pads.

## Early life

Mutter was the second of three children of Charles and Lucille Mutter, who lived in the Woodlawn area of South Side, Chicago. The family moved to suburban Park Ridge, Illinois, where he graduated from Maine East High School in Park Ridge in 1961. Mutter received a B.A. in history from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1966 and two master's degrees, in fine arts and Chinese studies. While at university he was part of the counter culture, or hippie culture. He protested against the Vietnam War at the 1968 Democratic Convention in Chicago. He lived in Champaign into the early 1980s where he ran an antiques shop and showed classic and foreign movies in rented halls such as the McKinley Foundation or the Red Herring.

He had no formal art training.

## Career

Most of Mutter's work was done with images of and around the Chicago area, with some of his earlier pieces incorporating scenes from Urbana-Champaign and the University of Illinois. Mutter was never comfortable with being considered a surrealist, and coined the term "surrational images" to describe his work.

His first show was at the downtown Chicago bookstore Brentano's in the mid-1970s. He then published calendars and posters through several publishing houses, including Avalanche Publishing. His best known work, *Surrational Images*, was published by the University of Illinois Press in 1992.

Some of his most famous works include a montage of fans using flashlights to illuminate Wrigley Field, which was then known for not having lights or night games; a photo of Michigan Avenue skyscrapers superimposed upon an image of the card catalogue at the University of Illinois Library; and a forest growing out of a parquet floor.

Mutter never transitioned to the cut and paste technique afforded by Photoshop and similar software but recreated every original print in the darkroom as he thought this was the only way that they were truly "originals". From the few existing originals of each piece he would select the one he considered the most appropriate for reproduction as posters.

He was found dead in his home in March 2008, age 64; his death was ruled a suicide. He experienced depression for much of his adult life, and had cardiovascular problems.

## Artistic philosophy

Sergei Eisenstein, a Russian filmmaker (1898–1948) and author of two books, *The Film Sense* and *Film Form: Essays in Film Theory*, greatly influenced Mutter's ideas about photographic "montage", a technique of combining and superimposing images into a single picture. Mutter believed "there are theoretical reasons why a montage works or is something. But you have to also understand and keep your mind open to the fact that what works, works. That's the bottom line." His images were an attempt to represent something that is reality, not physical but rather a representation through metaphor.

## Exhibitions

His work has been exhibited at the San Francisco International Airport and at the opening of the Beam Performing Arts Center in Tokyo. His photographs have appeared in magazines and newspapers including the *Chicago Tribune*, *Herbert's*, *Japanese Avenue*, and *Print Magazine*. His photos have been critiqued and viewed in many public schools across the country.

## Bibliography

* *Surrational Images: Photomontages*, 1992. University of Illinois Press. Foreword by Martin Krause. (ISBN 0-252-01935-0)

## InfoBox

| Charles Scott Mutter | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | January 14, 1944<br>Chicago, Illinois |
| Died | March 5, 2008 |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | Masters degrees in fine art and Chinese studies |
| Occupation | Photographer |
| Known for | Photomontage |
| Website | https://www.scottmutter.com |


title: Van Nuys Blvd. (film)

abstract: Van Nuys Blvd. is a 1979 comedy film written and directed by William Sachs and released by Crown International Pictures. It features 1974 Playboy Playmate of the Year Cynthia Wood. The film's tag line is: "The Greatest Cruisin' in the Land Takes Place on the Street -- Where it all Began..."

text:
# Van Nuys Blvd. (film)

***Van Nuys Blvd.*** is a 1979 comedy film written and directed by William Sachs and released by Crown International Pictures. It features 1974 *Playboy* Playmate of the Year Cynthia Wood. The film's tag line is: *"The Greatest Cruisin' in the Land Takes Place on the Street -- Where it all Began ..."*

## Plot

The film tells the story of a small-town boy, Bobby, who hears about the wild nights of cruising Van Nuys Boulevard in California. He drives out there to check it out, and gets involved with drag racers, topless dancers and bikers.

After some establishing scenes in which two men destroy each other's cars, Greg hooks up with a female biker, "Chooch" is arrested for running a red light after being mooned, and Bobby and Moon are arrested for drag racing, the main characters meet in jail and make plans to go to an amusement park. Chooch gets sick, but Bobby learns to dance and Greg and his dream girl Camille hit it off. Wanda, after hooking up with Bobby in his van, resists the attentions of police officer "Zass," and escapes by handcuffing him to his police car. After a visit to the doctor after Greg gets lockjaw, Chooch meets Wanda and they play air hockey. After everyone is paired off, Chooch admits his name is "Leon" and he and Wanda decide to leave and get married, and Greg and Camille are a couple, but Bobby stills needs to prove his manhood by beating Moon in a drag race in their respective vans. He wins, but Moon leaves him because he loves his van instead of her. To prove he loves her more, Bobby jumps clear as his van goes over a cliff. Moon, confused by his crazy behavior, drives off, but comes back and hugs Bobby as Greg, Camille, Leon, and Wanda circle them in cars.

Because director William Sachs' style is often rather absurdist, a number of comedic scenes in the B plot of police officer Zass on the beach, being handcuffed to his car, show a gradually more and more absurd tone as the film progresses. In the course of the film, he gets approached by a mysterious biker stealing his possessions, a dog and ultimately, towards the end of the film, his own mother who is worried about her boy while police searches for his location. The film ends with Zass buying Leon's car and getting harassed by another police officer himself for driving on Van Nuys Boulevard.

## Cast

The cast includes:

## Production

The time between the initial ideas for the film and its release was merely three months. It was filmed in eighteen days. For the scene in which two cars are smashed, the director originally wanted the cars to be wrecked completely, with doors flying off and other parts being destroyed. He jokingly recalls that while filming, they discovered that modern cars were better built than expected, so the damage done with hammers and other tools turned out to be not as severe as originally planned.

## Reception

Some reviewers have been supportive and the film has acquired cult film status.

> \[A\] good natured summer season comedy ... Writer-director William Sachs has taken a fast, light touch.
>
> Los Angeles Times, review of *Van Nuys Blvd.*

> A film that Sachs intended to be something of a satire of "car movies," and easily the most technically competent Vansploitation film.
>
> Jason Coffman, article about *Van Nuys Blvd.*

> Sachs has directed the proceedings with an affecting light touch.
>
> The Hollywood Reporter, review of *Van Nuys Blvd.*

## InfoBox

| Van Nuys Blvd. | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | William Sachs |
| Written by | William Sachs |
| Produced by | Marilyn Jacobs Tenser
Newton P. Jacobs
Michael D. Castle |
| Starring | Bill Adler
Cynthia Wood
Dennis Bowen
Melissa Prophet |
| Cinematography | Joseph Mangine |
| Edited by | George Bowers |
| Music by | Ken Mansfield
Ron Wright |
| Running time | 93 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Box office | $1,750,000 |


title: Soerjadi Soedirdja

abstract: Soerjadi Soedirdja was an Indonesian politician and military general. He was Governor of Jakarta from 1992 to 1997 and also Minister of Home Affairs from 1999 to 2001.

text:
# Soerjadi Soedirdja

**Soerjadi Soedirdja** (11 October 1938 – 3 August 2021) was an Indonesian politician and military general.

He was Governor of Jakarta from 1992 to 1997 and also Minister of Home Affairs from 1999 to 2001.

## Career

### Governor of Jakarta

During his leadership, he made projects to build flats, create green areas, and also increase water catchment areas. The subway and triple decker projects that had been touted at the time have not materialized. He succeeded in freeing the streets of Jakarta from pedicab transportation, a program that had been started since the previous governor (Bang Wi). In addition, the 27 July 1996 incident occurred during the Jakarta period under his leadership.

In addition, Soerjadi also implemented a One Way System (SSA) on a number of roads. To support the rate of mobility of Jakarta's population, the central government and regional governments as well as the private sector have built a number of toll roads, namely the Inner City Toll Road, the Outer Ring Road Toll Road, the Airport Toll Road, as well as the Jakarta-Cikampek, Jakarta-Bogor-Ciawi and Jakarta-Merak toll roads, which connecting Jakarta with the surrounding cities.

Soerjadi also implemented an increase in the discipline and quality of apparatus resources in the Five Guidelines for DKI Jakarta Government Officials. From this program, the Provincial Government of Jakarta received the 'Samya Krida Tata Tenteram Karta Raharja' Award. The award is an appreciation for the highest work results in implementing the 5 Year Development.

## InfoBox

| Soerjadi Soedirdja | |
| --- | --- |
| Soerjadi in 1999 | |
|  | |
| 7th Coordinating Minister for Political, Social, and Security Affairs | |
| **In office**
15 February 2000  23 August 2000 | |
| President | Abdurrahman Wahid |
| Preceded by | Wiranto |
| Succeeded by | Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono |
| 23rd Minister of Home Affairs and
Regional Autonomy | |
| **In office**
29 October 1999  23 July 2001 | |
| President | Abdurrahman Wahid |
| Preceded by |  |
| Succeeded by | Hari Sabarno |
| 8th Governor of Jakarta | |
| **In office**
6 October 1992  6 October 1997 | |
| Preceded by | Wiyogo Atmodarminto |
| Succeeded by | Sutiyoso |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1938-10-11)11 October 1938
Batavia, Dutch East Indies |
| Died | 3 August 2021(2021-08-03) (aged 82)
Jakarta, Indonesia |
| Nationality | Indonesian |
| Spouse | Sri Soemarsih |
| Alma mater |  |
| Occupation |  |
| Nickname | Bang Sur |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Indonesia |
| Branch/service | Indonesian Army |
| Years of service | 1962–1993 |
| Rank | General (honorary) |
| Unit | Infantry |
| Commands | Kodam Jayakarta |
| Service no. | 19685 |
|  | |