title: Seymour Island (Nunavut)

abstract: Seymour Island is an uninhabited island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of northern Canada's territory of Nunavut. A member of the Berkeley Islands group, it is located approximately 30 mi (48 km) north of northern Bathurst Island. Between Seymour Island and Bathurst Island lies Helena Island. Penny Strait lies about 90 km (56 mi) to the east where open water polynyas occur. It was first noted by Europeans during the search for Franklin's lost expedition around 1858 when passed in open water by an explorer's ship, who did not land. It then was described as "....a long, low reef, about 100 feet in elevation." It was named after one of the ship's crew members. The first recorded visit likely was during the Canadian Army's survey and mapping of the Arctic islands in the late 1940s. A metal "T-shaped" triangulation point survey marker then was installed on the island's highest point, now called Triangle Point. Sometime in the early 1970s, five unmarked, sealed 45 gallon drums of aviation fuel were cached near the point, possibly by an oil exploration company. They were never reclaimed. In the summer of 1973, Stewart D. Macdonald of the Canadian National Museum of Natural Sciences discovered the island was the first known permanent nesting colony of endangered ivory gulls in the New World. Less than 3 by 1 km, it rises approximately 28 m (92 ft) above sea level, and is approximately 2 km⁲ (0.77 sq mi) in size. The island is characterized by raised beaches of shattered sandstone boulders and glacial erratics, coastal sand bars, gravel ridges, freshwater ponds and permafrost springs. A small piece of fossil coral occurs on the main ridge near the Triangle Point. Though polynyas form in the area, the island is commonly ice locked year round. Snow melt occurs during June, with some snowcover on the northeast part of the island lasting into July. Freshwater ponds can begin to freeze over in late August. Summer weather often is foggy with temperatures just above freezing. Winter minimum temperature was recorded in the mid-1970s as −58 °C (−72 °F), and summer maximum as 10 °C (50 °F).

text:
# Seymour Island (Nunavut)

**Seymour Island** is an uninhabited island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of northern Canada's territory of Nunavut. A member of the Berkeley Islands group, it is located approximately 30 mi (48 km) north of northern Bathurst Island. Between Seymour Island and Bathurst Island lies Helena Island. Penny Strait lies about 90 km (56 mi) to the east where open water polynyas occur.

It was first noted by Europeans during the search for Franklin's lost expedition around 1858 when passed in open water by an explorer's ship, who did not land. It then was described as "....a long, low reef, about 100 feet in elevation." It was named after one of the ship's crew members. The first recorded visit likely was during the Canadian Army's survey and mapping of the Arctic islands in the late 1940s. A metal "T-shaped" triangulation point survey marker then was installed on the island's highest point, now called Triangle Point. Sometime in the early 1970s, five unmarked, sealed 45 gallon drums of aviation fuel were cached near the point, possibly by an oil exploration company. They were never reclaimed. In the summer of 1973, Stewart D. Macdonald of the Canadian National Museum of Natural Sciences discovered the island was the first known permanent nesting colony of endangered ivory gulls in the New World.

Less than 3 by 1 km (1.86 by 0.62 mi), it rises approximately 28 m (92 ft) above sea level, and is approximately 2 km2 (0.77 sq mi) in size. The island is characterized by raised beaches of shattered sandstone boulders and glacial erratics, coastal sand bars, gravel ridges, freshwater ponds and permafrost springs. A small piece of fossil coral occurs on the main ridge near the Triangle Point. Though polynyas form in the area, the island is commonly ice locked year round. Snow melt occurs during June, with some snowcover on the northeast part of the island lasting into July. Freshwater ponds can begin to freeze over in late August. Summer weather often is foggy with temperatures just above freezing. Winter minimum temperature was recorded in the mid-1970s as −58 °C (−72 °F), and summer maximum as 10 °C (50 °F).

## Flora and fauna

The Canadian National Museum of Natural Sciences, Vertebrate Ethology Division, established a natural history research station on Seymour Island in the summers from 1974 to 1977. Headed by Stewart D. Macdonald, Curator of Vertebrate Ethology at the Museum, the station was staffed by two to three biologists. Their main objective was to study the endangered ivory gull. Considerable other wildlife and weather data also was collected.

Vegetation is sparse, consisting primarily of mosses and lichens. Only seven species of vascular plants have been recorded, with the most common being purple saxifrage.

The island is frequented by polar bears, and less commonly, the Arctic wolf and Arctic fox. There is a small resident population of collared lemmings, and Peary caribou have been recorded. One Peary caribou, killed by Arctic wolves in the winter of 1973–74, was recorded in the spring of 1974. A herd of seven Peary caribou was observed from Seymour on the north coast of nearby Helena Island in the summer of 1977. Ringed seals are common on the surrounding pack ice, with up to 100 being recorded in view basking around Seymour Island. Bearded seals are occasional as well. A beluga whale skeleton occurs on the southwest coast, some distance up from the current sea level. The ocean surrounding the island contains Arctic cod, lion's mane jellyfish and Gammaracanthus sp. shrimp. A piece, of what is possibly, bowhead whale baleen was found as part of an ivory gull nest in 1976. Driftwood found on an old beach ridge near the top of the island was carbon dated to 3,200 years BP.

### Birds

Nesting birds include red-throated loon, king and common eider, long-tailed duck (oldsquaw), brant goose, Arctic tern, purple sandpiper, and snow bunting. Visiting birds include Ross's gull, black-legged kittiwake, Murre sp., snowy owl, parasitic jaeger, long-tailed jaeger, pomarine jaeger, and common raven. Thayer's gull and glaucous gull are to be found here also, but the island is most notable for ivory gulls, found on Seymour Island from May to September. A total of 233 nesting pairs of ivory gulls were recorded in the mid-1970s. Variable numbers of non-breeders, up to about 200, also were recorded. In July 1976, three colour-marked and banded ivory gulls from Seymour were recorded 1,000 km (620 mi) southeast on Prince Leopold Island three weeks later. The gulls of Seymour Island breed on raised rocky beaches unlike other Canadian ivory gull colonies. The island supports Canada's largest known ivory gull breeding colony, approximately 10–12 percent of the known Canadian population. In 2005, Gilchrist and Mallory postulated that Seymour Island gulls may represent forty percent of the surviving Canadian population of this species. The Seymour Island population represents approximately one percent of the world population of ivory gulls.

## Protected areas

The Seymour Island Migratory Bird Sanctuary, established in 1975, is 2,800 ha (6,900 acres) in size, including the island and surrounding waters. The migratory bird sanctuary is part of the Seymour Island Important Bird Area (No. NU045). The island is also an International Biological Programme Site (No. 1-7), and a Key Marine Habitat Site in Nunavut (No. 2).

MacDonald, S. D. 1976.Phantoms of the polar pack ice. Audubon Magazine 78(3):2–19. Morgan, J. P. 1979. Ivory Gull Summer. Manitoba Nature Magazine. Manitoba Museum of Man and Nature, Winnipeg, MB. Reference incomplete.

## InfoBox

Seymour Island
| Seymour IslandSeymour Island | |
| --- | --- |
| Geography | |
| Location | Northern Canada |
| Coordinates | 76°48′04″N 101°16′08″W / 76.80111°N 101.26889°W / 76.80111; -101.26889 (Seymour Island) |
| Archipelago | Queen Elizabeth Islands
Arctic Archipelago |
| Area | 2 km2 (0.77 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 28 m (92 ft) |
| Administration | |
| **Canada** | |
| Territory | Nunavut |
| Region | Qikiqtaaluk |
| Demographics | |
| Population | Uninhabited |


title: Rasmus Stoklund

abstract: Rasmus Stoklund Holm-Nielsen is a Danish politician, who is a member of the Folketing for the Social Democrats political party. He was elected into parliament at the 2019 Danish general election.

text:
# Rasmus Stoklund

**Rasmus Stoklund Holm-Nielsen** (born 17 March 1984) is a Danish politician, who is a member of the Folketing for the Social Democrats political party. He was elected into parliament at the 2019 Danish general election.

## Political career

Born in Fredericia, Stoklund was elected into parliament in the 2019 election, where he received 4,541 votes.

In a 2024 book, Stoklund suggested Denmark should ignore judgements from the European Court of Human Rights when it comes to expelling criminal foreigners at risk of torture in their homeland. The government, led by Stoklund's party the Social Democrats, rejected the proposal.

### Minister for Taxation

Stoklund was appointed minister for taxation in a cabinet reshuffle on 29 August 2024.

## InfoBox

| Rasmus Stoklund | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Minister for Taxation | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
29 August 2024 | |
| Prime Minister | Mette Frederiksen |
| Preceded by | Jeppe Bruus Christensen |
| Member of the Folketing | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
5 June 2019 | |
| Constituency | North Zealand |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1984-03-17) 17 March 1984
Fredericia, Denmark |
| Political party | Social Democrats |
|  | |


title: Rio Vista (Fort Lauderdale)

abstract: The Rio Vista neighborhood is a community of over 1,000 homes, situated next to downtown Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Its name means "River View" in Spanish. It is one of the oldest communities in Fort Lauderdale and features tree-lined streets, sidewalks and unique architecture. At the close of World War I, Ft. Lauderdale had approximately 2,000 residents. An era of prosperity and new transportation in the 1920s allowed Fort Lauderdale to begin the migration from an agricultural community to a resort town. Residential areas, such as Rio Vista and Colee Hammock, began to develop. The first plat of the area was recorded by Mary Brickell of Miami and major landholder. Upon her death, the land was purchased by C.J. Hector, who began his "River View" development. By February 1923, the Ft. Lauderdale Herald reported that Rio Vista was booming, with over 5,000 feet of sidewalk laid and streetlights were installed. The land boom reached its zenith by 1925, when Ft. Lauderdale's population reached 16,000. On September 18, 1926, the coast of South Florida was devastated by the 1926 Miami Hurricane which put the area into a depression, three years before the rest of the country entered its economic depression. With the onset of World War II, thousands of servicemen discovered this area and settled here after the war. Rio Vista development began again, and today, the area reflects the history. The community is bounded by Federal Highway on the west, bordered on the east by the Intracoastal Waterway, south of the New River and north of SE 12th Street

text:
# Rio Vista (Fort Lauderdale)

The **Rio Vista** neighborhood is a community of over 1,000 homes, situated next to downtown Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Its name means "River View" in Spanish. It is one of the oldest communities in Fort Lauderdale and features tree-lined streets, sidewalks and unique architecture.

At the close of World War I, Ft. Lauderdale had approximately 2,000 residents. An era of prosperity and new transportation in the 1920s allowed Fort Lauderdale to begin the migration from an agricultural community to a resort town. Residential areas, such as Rio Vista and Colee Hammock, began to develop. The first plat of the area was recorded by Mary Brickell (wife of William Brickell) of Miami and major landholder. Upon her death, the land was purchased by C.J. Hector, who began his "River View" development. By February 1923, the Ft. Lauderdale Herald (now the Sun Sentinel) reported that Rio Vista was booming, with over 5,000 feet of sidewalk laid and streetlights were installed.

The land boom reached its zenith by 1925, when Ft. Lauderdale's population reached 16,000. On September 18, 1926, the coast of South Florida was devastated by the 1926 Miami Hurricane which put the area into a depression, three years before the rest of the country entered its economic depression. With the onset of World War II, thousands of servicemen discovered this area and settled here after the war. Rio Vista development began again, and today, the area reflects the history.

The community is bounded by Federal Highway (U.S. 1) on the west, bordered on the east by the Intracoastal Waterway, south of the New River and north of SE 12th Street (north of the neighborhoods of Harbordale and Lauderdale Harbours.)

26°06′40″N 80°07′49″W / 26.1112111°N 80.1302969°W / 26.1112111; -80.1302969


title: Ceratodon

abstract: Ceratodon is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Ditrichaceae. The genus was first described by Samuel Elisée Bridel-Brideri and has a cosmopolitan distribution.

text:
# Ceratodon

***Ceratodon*** is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Ditrichaceae. The genus was first described by Samuel Elisée Bridel-Brideri and has a cosmopolitan distribution.

## Species

The following species are recognised in the genus *Ceratodon*:

## InfoBox

| *Ceratodon* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Ceratodon purpureus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Bryophyta |
| Class: | Bryopsida |
| Subclass: | Dicranidae |
| Order: | Dicranales |
| Family: | Ditrichaceae |
| Genus: | *Ceratodon*<br>Brid. |
|


title: John Stephenson (MP died 1794)

abstract: John Stephenson was a British Member of Parliament. He was the son and heir of Thomas Stephenson of Bails and Crosslands, Alston, Cumbria and a Member of Parliament for various boroughs in the south-west from 1754 to 1755 and 1761 until his death in 1794. He was a director of the British East India Company from 1765 to 1768, and had government victualling contracts in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland at the time of the American Revolution.

text:
# John Stephenson (MP died 1794)

**John Stephenson** (c. 1709  17 April 1794) was a British Member of Parliament.

He was the son and heir of Thomas Stephenson of Bails and Crosslands, Alston, Cumbria and a Member of Parliament for various boroughs in the south-west from 1754 to 1755 and 1761 until his death in 1794.

He was a director of the British East India Company from 1765 to 1768, and had government victualling contracts in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland at the time of the American Revolution.

1. "STEPHENSON, John (1710-94), of Brentford Butts, Mdx". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
2. Greene, Jack P. (July 1975). "Social Structure and Political Behavior in Revolutionary America: John Day's Remarks on American Affairs". *The William and Mary Quarterly*. 3rd Ser. **32** (3): 487. doi:10.2307/1922136. JSTOR 1922136.


title: Sir David Burnett, 1st Baronet

abstract: Sir David Burnett, 1st Baronet was a Lord Mayor of London. Knighted in 1908 and created Baronet Burnett, of Selborne House, in the Borough of Croydon in 1913, he was a surveyor and local politician active in the City of London. A Fellow of the Surveyors Institute from 1881, he became a member of the Common Council of London representing Candlewick Ward in 1888, rising to be an alderman in 1902. He was Sheriff of the City of London in 1907-08, and Lord Mayor of London in 1912-13.

text:
# Sir David Burnett, 1st Baronet

Sir **David Burnett, 1st Baronet** (22 August 1851 – 7 July 1930) was a Lord Mayor of London. Knighted in 1908 and created **Baronet Burnett, of Selborne House, in the Borough of Croydon** in 1913, he was a surveyor and local politician active in the City of London.

A Fellow of the Surveyors Institute from 1881, he became a member of the Common Council of London representing Candlewick Ward in 1888, rising to be an alderman in 1902. He was Sheriff of the City of London in 1907-08, and Lord Mayor of London in 1912-13.

## Family

He married Emily Sleap, daughter of Thomas Sleap, on 28 August 1875. The couple had six children.


title: Derek Barrett

abstract: Derek Barrett is an Irish hurling coach and former player. He is the coach of Cork Senior Championship division Imokilly. Barrett had a lengthy career with East Cork club Cobh while he also played for the Cork senior hurling team for eight years, during which time he usually lined out as a right wing-back. Barrett began his hurling and Gaelic football career at club level with Cobh. He enjoyed his greatest success in 1994 when he was part of the Cork Minor Football Championship-winning team. Barrett's prowess also saw him selected for the Imokilly divisional hurling team with whom he won back-to-back Cork Hurling Championship medals in 1997 and 1998. At inter-county level, Barrett was part of the successful Cork minor team that won the All-Ireland Championship in 1995 before later winning back-to-back All-Ireland Championships with the under-21 team in 1997 and 1998. After one season with the Cork junior team he won an All-Ireland Championship with the intermediate team in 1997. Barrett joined the Cork senior team in 1996. From his debut, he usually lined out in the half-back line and made 10 Championship appearances in a career that ended with his last game in 2003. During that time Barrett was part of Cork's All-Ireland Championship-winning team in 1999. He also secured three Munster Championship medals and a National Hurling League medal. Barrett is one of only a handful of players to have won the complete set of Munster Championship medals - minor, under-21, junior, intermediate and senior. At inter-provincial level, he was selected to play in two championship campaigns with Munster, with Railway Cup medals being won on both occasion in 2000 and 2001.

text:
# Derek Barrett

**Derek Barrett** (born 4 February 1977) is an Irish hurling coach and former player. He is the coach of Cork Senior Championship division Imokilly. Barrett had a lengthy career with East Cork club Cobh while he also played for the Cork senior hurling team for eight years, during which time he usually lined out as a right wing-back.

Barrett began his hurling and Gaelic football career at club level with Cobh. He enjoyed his greatest success in 1994 when he was part of the Cork Minor Football Championship-winning team. Barrett's prowess also saw him selected for the Imokilly divisional hurling team with whom he won back-to-back Cork Hurling Championship medals in 1997 and 1998.

At inter-county level, Barrett was part of the successful Cork minor team that won the All-Ireland Championship in 1995 before later winning back-to-back All-Ireland Championships with the under-21 team in 1997 and 1998. After one season with the Cork junior team he won an All-Ireland Championship with the intermediate team in 1997. Barrett joined the Cork senior team in 1996. From his debut, he usually lined out in the half-back line and made 10 Championship appearances in a career that ended with his last game in 2003. During that time Barrett was part of Cork's All-Ireland Championship-winning team in 1999. He also secured three Munster Championship medals and a National Hurling League medal.

Barrett is one of only a handful of players to have won the complete set of Munster Championship medals - minor, under-21, junior, intermediate and senior. At inter-provincial level, he was selected to play in two championship campaigns with Munster, with Railway Cup medals being won on both occasion in 2000 and 2001.

## Career statistics

| Team | Year | National League | | | Munster | | All-Ireland | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Score | Apps | Score | Apps | Score | Apps | Score |
| Cork | 1995-96 | Division 1 | x | x-xx | 0 | 0-00 |  | | x | x-xx |
| | 1997 | | x | x-xx |  | |  | | x | x-xx |
| | 1998 | Division 1B | x | x-xx | 0 | 0-00 |  | | x | x-xx |
| | | 1999 | x | x-xx | 0 | 0-00 | 0 | 0-00 | x | x-xx |
| | | 2000 | x | x-xx | 3 | 0-01 | 1 | 0-01 | x | x-xx |
| | | 2001 | 3 | 0-00 | 1 | 0-00 |  | | 4 | 0-00 |
| | | 2002 | 7 | 0-00 | 1 | 0-00 | 2 | 0-00 | 10 | 0-00 |
| | | 2003 | 4 | 0-02 | 1 | 0-00 | 1 | 0-00 | 6 | 0-02 |

## Honours

### As a player

Cobh * Cork Minor A Football Championship (1): 1994

Imokilly Cork

### As a coach

Imokilly

## InfoBox

Derek Barrett
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Irish name | *Deiric Bairéid* | | |
| Sport | Hurling | | |
| Position | Right wing-back | | |
| Born | (1977-02-04) 4 February 1977
Cobh, County Cork, Ireland | | |
| Height | 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) | | |
| Occupation | Process operator | | |
| Club(s) | | | |
| Years | **Club** | | |
|  | Cobh
Imokilly | | |
| Club titles | | | |
| Cork titles | 2 | | |
| Inter-county(ies)\* | | | |
| Years | **County** | **Apps (scores)** |
| 1996-2003 | Cork | 10 (0-02) |
| Inter-county titles | | | |
| Munster titles | 3 | | |
| All-Irelands | 1 | | |
| NHL | 1 | | |
| All Stars | 0 | | |
| \*Inter County team apps and scores correct as of 21:01, 16 April 2019. | | | |


title: The Sentimental Bloke (1963 film)

abstract: The Sentimental Bloke is a 1963 Australian television film. It was a half-hour ballet aired on ABC. It is based on the poem, The Songs of a Sentimental Bloke by C. J. Dennis. A copy of the telecast is held by the National Film and Sound Archive, despite having aired in an era where wiping was common. It was recorded at ABC's studios in Southbank.

text:
# The Sentimental Bloke (1963 film)

***The Sentimental Bloke*** is a 1963 Australian television film. It was a half-hour ballet aired on ABC. It is based on the poem, *The Songs of a Sentimental Bloke* by C. J. Dennis.

A copy of the telecast is held by the National Film and Sound Archive, despite having aired in an era where wiping was common. It was recorded at ABC's studios in Southbank.

## Cast

* Jack Manuel as The Bloke
* Carolyn Harrison as Doreen
* Maxwell Collis as Stror 'at Coot


title: Semra railway station

abstract: Semra railway station is a railway station on Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur main line under the Samastipur railway division of East Central Railway zone. This is situated at Chhapra Bahas, Bagaha Dhala in East Champaran district of the Indian state of Bihar.

text:
# Semra railway station

**Semra railway station** is a railway station on Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur main line under the Samastipur railway division of East Central Railway zone. This is situated at Chhapra Bahas, Bagaha Dhala in East Champaran district of the Indian state of Bihar.

## InfoBox

| Semra | |
| --- | --- |
| Passenger train station | |
| General information | |
| Location | Chhapra Bahas, Bagaha Dhala, East Champaran district, Bihar<br>India |
| Coordinates | 26°42′43″N 84°48′49″E / 26.711947°N 84.813698°E / 26.711947; 84.813698 |
| Elevation | 72 m (236 ft) |
| Owned by | Indian Railways |
| Operated by | East Central Railway |
| Line(s) | Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur main line |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Standard (on ground station) |
| Other information | |
| Status | Active |
| Station code | SRA |
| Zone(s) | East Central Railway zone |
| Division(s) | Samastipur |
| History | |
| Opened | 1930s |
| Electrified | Yes |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Indian Railways Following station  Sagauli Junctiontowards ?   East Central Railway zoneMuzaffarpur–Gorakhpur main line  Chailaha Halttowards ? | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Federal involvement in US education

text:
# Federal involvement in US education

Education, once solely a state and local issue, now sees significant amounts of oversight and funding on the elementary and secondary levels from the federal government. This trend started slowly in the Civil War era, but increased precipitously during and following World War II, and has continued to the present day.

## Initial federal action

The first piece of federal education legislation passed by Congress was the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act. This bill was passed as a means for the Federal government to provide land proportional to the number of Congressmen and Senators a state had for states to use to create agricultural colleges. The next noteworthy piece of legislation passed by Congress pertaining to education was the Smith-Hughes Act which provided federal aid to vocational education programs across the country. Through the beginning of the 20th century, the federal government had a relatively small role to play in education, and its contributions focused mainly on providing opportunities to students who would later become an important part of a well-functioning economy. This tact changed following the Great Depression and World War II though.

## Post-World War II era

The federal government’s foray into public education had two main motivations, National defense and social responsibility. While they do not entirely overlap chronologically, they together served as a way for the federal government to become involved.

### National defense

After the end of World War II, US soldiers fighting abroad came home and, in an attempt to offset the influx of servicemen returning to the workforce, Congress passed the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act. Congress did not pass another piece of war-related education legislation until the National Defense Education Act. A direct response to the Soviet launch of sputnik, the act provided federal funding towards math, science and language programs to help American students catch up to the Soviets. By turning education into a matter of national defense, the federal government gave itself a valid reason for having a say in education policy, as there is no mention of education in the U.S. Constitution, and therefore it is a power reserved to the people or the states.

### Social responsibility

During and immediately after the war, the federal government contributed money to districts unduly burdened by military instillations. During this time, some began to believe that schools could no longer adequately provide for themselves. The Brown v. Board ruling aided this viewpoint in that the federal government had to get involved in making sure that all individuals were protected. This, along with the “urban crisis” happening in the US, led the federal government to pass one of its most long lasting and impactful pieces of education legislation, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. A general subsidy for education with a series of provisions states must follow, the ESEA thrust the Federal government into the education policy picture.


title: Lawrani (Oruro)

abstract: Lawrani is a mountain in the Andes of Bolivia which reaches a height of approximately 3,990 m (13,090 ft). It is located in the Oruro Department, Nor Carangas Province.

text:
# Lawrani (Oruro)

**Lawrani** (Aymara *lawra* a kind of fish, *-ni* a suffix, "the one with the lawra fish", also spelled *Laurani*) is a mountain in the Andes of Bolivia which reaches a height of approximately 3,990 m (13,090 ft). It is located in the Oruro Department, Nor Carangas Province (which is identical to the Huayllamarca Municipality).

## InfoBox

| Lawrani | |
| --- | --- |
| LawraniLocation within Bolivia | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 3,990 m (13,090 ft) |
| Coordinates | 17°55′26″S 67°47′28″W / 17.92389°S 67.79111°W / -17.92389; -67.79111 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Bolivia, Oruro Department |
| Parent range | Andes |


title: Chipstead Downs

abstract: Chipstead Downs is a 157.8-hectare (390-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south-east of Banstead in Surrey, England. Part of it is Park Downs, which is managed by the Banstead Commons Conservators. This site has ancient woodland and steeply sloping chalk grassland together with associated secondary woodland and scrub. A large part of the grassland is dominated by tor-grass, but in some areas mowing and rabbit grazing have produced a rich chalk grassland flora including the endangered greater yellow-rattle. There are rich bird and butterfly fauna. Most of the site is public open space which is owned by Surrey County Council and managed by Reigate and Banstead Borough Council.

text:
# Chipstead Downs

**Chipstead Downs** is a 157.8-hectare (390-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south-east of Banstead in Surrey, England. Part of it is Park Downs, which is managed by the Banstead Commons Conservators.

This site has ancient woodland and steeply sloping chalk grassland together with associated secondary woodland and scrub. A large part of the grassland is dominated by tor-grass, but in some areas mowing and rabbit grazing have produced a rich chalk grassland flora including the endangered greater yellow-rattle. There are rich bird and butterfly fauna.

Most of the site is public open space which is owned by Surrey County Council and managed by Reigate and Banstead Borough Council.

51°18′18″N 0°11′06″W / 51.305°N 0.185°W / 51.305; -0.185

## InfoBox

Chipstead Downs
| Site of Special Scientific Interest | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Surrey |
| Grid reference | TQ 266 578 |
| Interest | Biological |
| Area | 157.8 hectares (390 acres) |
| Notification | 1985 |
| Location map | *Magic Map* |


title: Bentley Mall

abstract: Bentley Mall is an enclosed community shopping mall located in Fairbanks, Alaska, United States. It is notable as the northernmost mall in both the United States and North America. It is 2 degrees further north latitude-wise than Centre Square Mall, Canada's northernmost mall located in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, and also north of Nuuk Center in Greenland.

text:
# Bentley Mall

**Bentley Mall** is an enclosed community shopping mall located in Fairbanks, Alaska, United States. It is notable as the northernmost mall in both the United States and North America. It is 2 degrees further north latitude-wise than Centre Square Mall, Canada's northernmost mall located in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, and also north of Nuuk Center in Greenland.

## Background

The mall's location was the site of the Bentley Dairy from about 1922 through the 1940s, the centerpiece of the family's land holdings which stretched at one point from the Chena River to the foothills north of Fairbanks along the present-day Farmers Loop Road.

Bobby Miller (born 1916), in partnership with a member of the Bentley family, established the Miller-Bentley Equipment Company in 1953, the same year the Steese Highway was rerouted around the property in conjunction with the opening of the Wendell Street Bridge. A junkyard operated on the site for over two decades.

In 1969, Miller, along with his nephew Cliff Burglin, established the **Bentley Family Charitable Trust**, as there were no surviving members of the Bentley family and their land had not been disposed of to that point. The trust, which existed into the 21st century, took income from the family properties and distributed it to charities, particularly libraries, stretching from Fairbanks to northern California.

The Miller-Bentley Equipment Company left the site in 1974. Construction of the mall began in 1976, and it opened in April 1977 with Safeway and Pay 'n Save as its anchor tenants. In an unusual move for the lower 48 but not for the city of Fairbanks, Pay 'n Save did not immediately close down its existing Fairbanks store, located two blocks away in the Gavora Mall, when the Bentley Mall opened. Both stores operated for a number of years.

The mall was sold to a California partnership for $12.1 million in 1982.

Sitting on a 15-acre (61,000 m2) site, the mall is approximately 170,000 square feet (16,000 m2) in size. The mall's anchors are Safeway (38,000 square feet) and Michaels (28,000 square feet, opened in 1999 in the former location of a Pay Less Drug Store). The smaller shops cover an additional 49,000 square feet (4,600 m2).

Due in part to its diminutive size as compared to malls elsewhere in the United States, as well as its setup as a single corridor with Safeway and Michael's at the ends, locals sometimes refer to the mall humorously as "Bentley Small" and "Bentley Hall."

## InfoBox

Bentley Mall
| Bentley Mall, 2009 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Fairbanks, Alaska, United States |
| Coordinates | 64°51′07″N 147°42′08″W / 64.85194°N 147.70222°W / 64.85194; -147.70222 |
| Address | 32 College Road |
| Opening date | April 1977 |
| No. of stores and services | 27 |
| No. of anchor tenants | 3 |
| Total retail floor area | 170,000 square feet (16,000 m2) |
| No. of floors | 1 |


title: Simeon López

abstract: Simeon López is a former mayor of Belmopan, the capital of Belize. He is a member of the United Democratic Party (UDP); in 2006, he was elected as mayor, and also became vice president of the Belize Mayors' Association. Marconi Sosa, Benque Viejo del Carmen's mayor, succeeded him as that organization's vice president in 2007. López was succeeded as Belmopan mayor in 2015 by Khalid Belisle, also of the UDP.

text:
# Simeon López

**Simeon López** is a former mayor of Belmopan, the capital of Belize. He is a member of the United Democratic Party (UDP); in 2006, he was elected as mayor, and also became vice president of the Belize Mayors' Association. Marconi Sosa, Benque Viejo del Carmen's mayor, succeeded him as that organization's vice president in 2007.

López was succeeded as Belmopan mayor in 2015 by Khalid Belisle, also of the UDP.

## InfoBox

| Simeon López | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Mayor of Belmopan, Belize | |
| **In office**<br>1 March 2006  4 March 2015 | |
| Preceded by | Anthony Chanona |
| Succeeded by | Khalid Belisle |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | United Democratic Party |
|  | |


title: 1755 (band)

abstract: 1755 is an Acadian band formed in 1975 by Kenneth Saulnier, Pierre Robichaud, Roland Gauvin, Donald Boudreau and Ronald Dupuis.

text:
# 1755 (band)

**1755** (pronounced *seventeen fifty-five*) is an Acadian band formed in 1975 by Kenneth Saulnier, Pierre Robichaud, Roland Gauvin, Donald Boudreau and Ronald Dupuis.

## History

The band was named after the Great Deportation of 1755, during which Acadians were deported from Acadia (present day Maritimes), and it is associated with Acadie's passage into modernity and for generating a new consciousness of Acadian pride and identity. The Acadian poet Herménégilde Chiasson wrote that 1755 was "much more than a band" but rather "the chant of a generation" and that their songs and lyrics remain the "testimony of a period of tension and affirmation". The group is considered an icon of modern Acadian culture, and is credited for launching the modern Acadian musical scene at the international level and for influencing several Acadian artists and bands that came after them, such as Fayo or Dominique Dupuis.

The band officially broke up in 1984, but began to reunite to play shows and summer tours, especially during Acadian-related festivities such as National Acadian Day. A particularly notable show was at the Moncton Coliseum, during the first Acadian World Congress in 1994, which was filmed and turned into a live album *Les retrouvailles de la famille* and a video release on VHS and DVD. The band toured through New Brunswick in 2009.

After the band broke up, its members went on with their musical careers. Gauvin joined the band Les Méchants Maquereaux and released a solo album in 2005. He also co-wrote the music for the 1995 documentary about the Acadian deportation. In 2001, Saulnier released the solo album *Heritage*. Robichaud released two solo albums, in 1998 and 2004. Dupuis formed the Glamour Puss Blues Band.

As of 2019, 1755 was still touring and performing.

## Musical style

1755 combines folk, country and rock, with traditional folk song lyrics, or original compositions from the band members, or from Acadian poet Gérald Leblanc. Most of the band's songs are performed in the French dialect of south eastern New Brunswick, known as "chiac", but some compositions are in English as well.

## Discography

### Albums

* *1755*, 1978, Presqu'île Records
* *Vivre à la Baie*, 1979, Presqu'île Records
* *Synergie*, 1982, Le Barachois
* *Les retrouvailles de la famille, Live Au Colisée De Moncton*, 1994, ISBA Music Entertainment
* *Yousque T'es Rendu?* (re-release of *Synergie*), 1999, ISBA Music Entertainment
* *Anthologie*, 2012, Independent

### EPs and singles

* "Le Monde A Bien Changé" / "Le Monde Qu'on Connait", 1978, Presqu'île Records
* "C.B Buddie" / "Hallo Joe", 1978, Presqu'île Records
* "Je T'Aime" / "Disco Banjo", 1979, Presqu'île Records

## Awards and honors

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| 1755 | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | New Brunswick, Canada |
| Genres | Folk, Country, Rock |
| Years active | 1975 (1975)–present |
| Labels | Presqu'île Records, ISBA Music Entertainment |
|  | |
| Members | Kenneth Saulnier
Pierre Robichaud
Roland Gauvin
Donald Boudreau
Ronald Dupuis |


title: Sir David Cunynghame, 1st Baronet

abstract: Sir David Cunyninghame of Milncraig, 1st Baronet was a Scottish landowner, lawyer and politician. He was a distinguished advocate, an eloquent commissioner to Parliament, and the friend and coadjutor of Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun. He was created a baronet of Nova Scotia on 3 February 1702, to him and his "heirs successive". A son of David Cunynghame of Milncraig by his spouse, Margaret, daughter of John Masoun of Rosebank, Burgh Clerk of Ayr, his paternal inherited estates were Milncraig, Ayrshire, and Livingston, West Lothian. Sir David married, firstly, to Isobell, youngest daughter of Sir James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount of Stair. He married, secondly, on 16 March 1698, to Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Robert Baird, 1st Baronet of Saughtonhall.

text:
# Sir David Cunynghame, 1st Baronet

**Sir David Cunyninghame of Milncraig**, 1st Baronet (died 28 January 1708) was a Scottish landowner, lawyer and politician. He was a distinguished advocate, an eloquent commissioner to Parliament, and the friend and coadjutor of Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun. He was created a baronet of Nova Scotia on 3 February 1702, to him and his "heirs successive".

A son of David Cunynghame of Milncraig (died 1659) by his spouse, Margaret, daughter of John Masoun of Rosebank, Burgh Clerk of Ayr, his paternal inherited estates were Milncraig, Ayrshire, and Livingston, West Lothian.

Sir David married, firstly, to Isobell, youngest daughter of Sir James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount of Stair. He married, secondly, on 16 March 1698, to Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Robert Baird, 1st Baronet of Saughtonhall.

## Successors

He was succeeded by his eldest son, Sir James Cunynghame of Milncraig, 2nd Baronet, Member of Parliament for Linlithgowshire (1715–1722), who died unmarried on 1 February 1747. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his brother, David, a Lieutenant-General in the Army.

* *The Scottish Nation*, by William Anderson, 1867 edition, volume 3, p. 747.
* *Burke's Peerage, Baronetage, and Knightage*, edited by Peter Townend, 105th edition, London, 1970, page 712.


title: Der Große Ploetz

abstract: Der Große Ploetz is a German encyclopedia of world history and a standard historical reference book. It is a collection of historical data and information, organized in a chronological and geographical fashion. It is often described as the most important German-language historical reference book.

text:
# Der Große Ploetz

***Der Große Ploetz*** is a German encyclopedia of world history and a standard historical reference book. It is a collection of historical data and information, organized in a chronological and geographical fashion. It is often described as the most important German-language historical reference book.

## History

The first edition was published in 1863 by Karl Julius Ploetz, with the title ***Auszug der alten, mittleren und neueren Geschichte als Leitfaden und Repetitionen veröffentlichten Werk***. His son, Alfred Georg Ploetz founded the company *A. G. Ploetz Verlag* in 1880 in Berlin and bought the distribution rights from Herbig Verlag. After the Second World War, the company moved to Bielefeld and then to Würzburg. In 1972 it was finally sold to Herder Verlag.

By the 20th century the book had already earned a high reputation among historians. The completely revised 29th edition, published in 1980, was contributed to by 65 historians. The name was changed to ***Der Große Ploetz - Auszug aus der Geschichte***.

During its history, many notable historians have contributed to the book, including Friedrich Prinz, Werner Conze, and Andreas Hillgruber.

## Current edition

The 35th and current edition was published in 2008 by Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. It has 2128 pages and weighs 2.805 kilograms. The text was revised in this edition and the appearance of the book was redesigned. The German newspaper *Die Welt* wrote of the new revision, *The Ploetz* has reconquered its position as the most important historical reference book and, due to its new appearance, is able to compete with Wikipedia.


title: Douglas Spiro

abstract: Douglas Gray Spiro was an Australian-born English cricketer who played in 12 first-class matches for Cambridge University and the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) between 1883 and 1890. He was born in Melbourne and died in Westminster, London. Though Spiro was born in Australia, his father is noted in the Cambridge alumni directory as "Ferdinand" of Brighton. Spiro was educated at Harrow School and at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, though after 1885 he transferred to Downing College, Cambridge. He played cricket for Harrow and appeared in the Eton v Harrow match at Lord's in both 1881 and 1882. As a cricketer, he played as a right-handed middle-order batsman; he also bowled right-arm medium-pace, though he did not bowl in first-class cricket. He was successful as a batsman only occasionally. In 1883, playing for MCC, he made 47 against Derbyshire. The following year, he made the same score again, this time for MCC against the Cambridge University side. That innings propelled him into the Cambridge side for the 1884 University Match against Oxford University, but he was not successful, making scores of 10 and 0. On leaving Cambridge University, Spiro became a "mining agent" and was described as "of Maidenhead".

text:
# Douglas Spiro

**Douglas Gray Spiro** (21 December 1863 – 16 January 1935) was an Australian-born English cricketer who played in 12 first-class matches for Cambridge University and the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) between 1883 and 1890. He was born in Melbourne and died in Westminster, London.

Though Spiro was born in Australia, his father is noted in the Cambridge alumni directory as "Ferdinand" of Brighton. Spiro was educated at Harrow School and at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, though after 1885 he transferred to Downing College, Cambridge. He played cricket for Harrow and appeared in the Eton v Harrow match at Lord's in both 1881 and 1882. As a cricketer, he played as a right-handed middle-order batsman; he also bowled right-arm medium-pace, though he did not bowl in first-class cricket. He was successful as a batsman only occasionally. In 1883, playing for MCC, he made 47 against Derbyshire. The following year, he made the same score again, this time for MCC against the Cambridge University side. That innings propelled him into the Cambridge side for the 1884 University Match against Oxford University, but he was not successful, making scores of 10 and 0.

On leaving Cambridge University, Spiro became a "mining agent" and was described as "of Maidenhead".

## InfoBox

Douglas Spiro
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Douglas Gray Spiro |
| Born | 21 December 1863
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| Died | 16 January 1935(1935-01-16) (aged 71)
Westminster, London, England |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm medium |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 18831885 | Cambridge University |
| 18831890 | Marylebone Cricket Club |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class  Matches 12  Runs scored 207  Batting average 10.35  100s/50s –/–  Top score 47  Catches/stumpings 3/– | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 13 December 2022 | |


title: Semra Güzel

abstract: Semra Güzel is a medical doctor, a politician and member of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP). She was a member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey until her dismissal in December 2022.

text:
# Semra Güzel

**Semra Güzel** (born 1984, Viranşehir, Turkey) is a medical doctor, a politician and member of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP). She was a member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Turkish Parliament) until her dismissal in December 2022.

## Early life and education

She was born in Viransehir in the province of Sanliurfa where she attended primary and secondary education. She graduated from the University of Harran where she studied medicine. She then was employed at the Children's and Gynecological Hospital of Mardin in May 2009 and by November 2010 she became a medic in Nusaybin, Mardin province. In 2012, she followed up on her studies at the Anesthetics and Reanimation department of the Gazi Yasargil Hospital in Diyarbakir. Additionally, she served as Member of the Board and co-chair in the Medical Chamber of Diyarbakir.

## Political career

She was elected to the Turkish Parliament in the parliamentary elections of 2018, representing the HDP for Diyarbakir. In parliament she was concerned on issues concerning health and the Kurdish language. She questioned the fact that Health Ministry's medical hotline didn't provide a service in the Kurdish language but in other languages and also that the Health Cards issued in a hospital in Elazığ were in 17 languages but excluded the Kurdish language which is spoken by a considerable population in the province of Elazığ and also in Turkey. Due to press reports which showed her together with a member of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), Özgür Özel of the Republican People's Party (CHP) mentioned the party would approve the lifting of her parliamentary immunity. She defended herself claiming that she had been engaged to Volkan Bora and as they met in 2014, it was during the peace process between the PKK and Turkey.

### Arrest

In September 2022, the Interior Minister Süleyman Soylu announced her arrest over terrorism related charges and accused her of having tried to escape to Greece with a false passport. Imprisoned, she was dismissed from parliament, for not attending its sessions in December 2022.

## Personal life

She was engaged to the PKK militant Volkan Bora, who was killed in a Turkish airstrike in Adiyaman.

1. "Jailed pending trial, pro-Kurdish politician loses seat in Turkish parliament". *Reuters*. 2022-12-23. Retrieved 2023-02-11.
2. "TÜRKİYE BÜYÜK MİLLET MECLİSİ". *www5.tbmm.gov.tr*. Retrieved 2022-01-26.
3. "Parliamentary Speaker says HDP's Güzel 'should be stripped of legislative immunity'". *Bianet*. 11 January 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
4. Şafak, Yeni (2022-01-26). "Diyarbakır Seçim Sonuçları - Genel Seçim 2018 Diyarbakır Sonucu". *Yeni Şafak* (in Turkish). Retrieved 2022-01-26.
5. "Health Ministry scrutinized over lack of Kurdish-language services". *Gazete Duvar*. 2020-01-16. Retrieved 2022-01-26.
6. "Parliamentary Question Regarding Exclusion of Kurdish from 17-Language Health Card". *Bianet*. 25 January 2019.
7. "CHP to vote in favor of lifting HDP deputy Güzel's immunity". *Daily Sabah*. 2022-01-20. Retrieved 2022-01-26.
8. "Turkish police detain HDP MP Semra Güzel". *Gazete Duvar* (in Turkish). 2022-02-09. Retrieved 2022-09-04.
9. "HDP deputy Güzel stripped of her parliamentary seat". *Firat News Agency*. Retrieved 2022-12-23.

## InfoBox

| Semra Güzel | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Grand National Assembly | |
| **In office**
8 July 2018  23 December 2022 | |
| Constituency | Diyarbakır (2018) |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1984
Viransehir |
| Political party | HDP |
| Alma mater | Harran University |
|  | |


title: Chipstable

abstract: Chipstable is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated beside Heydon Hill 10 miles (16.1 km) west of Taunton. The parish has a population of 309. The parish includes Raddington and Waterrow.

text:
# Chipstable

**Chipstable** is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated beside Heydon Hill 10 miles (16.1 km) west of Taunton. The parish has a population of 309.

The parish includes **Raddington** and **Waterrow**.

## History

The name Chipstable means *"Cippa's post"*.

The manor was held by Muchelney Abbey from the Norman Conquest until the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and then passing to the Bluets of Greenham in Stawley. The parishes of Chipstable and Raddington were part of the Williton and Freemanners Hundred.

The village of Waterrow developed from hamlets called east and west Skirdle.

## Governance

The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.

For local government purposes, since 1 April 2023, the village comes under the unitary authority of Somerset Council. Prior to this, it was part of the non-metropolitan district of Somerset West and Taunton (formed on 1 April 2019) and, before this, the district of Taunton Deane (established under the Local Government Act 1972). From 1894-1974, for local government purposes, Chipstable was part of Wellington Rural District.

It is also part of the Tiverton and Minehead county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election, and was part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament prior to Britain leaving the European Union in January 2020, which elected seven MEPs using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.

## Geography

The parish lies between the Brendon Hills and the River Tone.

Hurstone Farm Woodlands in Waterrow is a woodland on the banks of the River Tone, which has been designated as a local nature reserve. The woodland, hedgerows and open grassland provide a habitat for dormice, otter and several bat species. Bryophyte species include black spleenwort.

## Religious sites

The Church of England parish Church of St Michael in Raddington dates from the 13th and 14th centuries and has been designated as a grade I listed building.

The Church of All Saints in Chipstable village is more recent having been built in the 15th century. The tower and part of the nave remain from a previous building of about 1239. England cricketer Jos Buttler got married here in October 2017.

Bethel Chapel, was built as a Congregational church in 1890.

Waterrow Church Hall was also built in Waterrow in 1908 for the people of Waterrow to save the journey uphill to Chipstable for services. Waterrow Church Hall now provides local church services for the inhabitants of Waterrow and beyond.

## InfoBox

| Chipstable | |
| --- | --- |
| Chipstable | |
| ChipstableLocation within Somerset | |
| Population | 309 (2011) |
| OS grid reference | ST043271 |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Taunton |
| Postcode district | TA4 |
|  | |
| Police | Avon and Somerset |
| Fire | Devon and Somerset |
| Ambulance | South Western |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Riozinho River (Pium River tributary)

abstract: The Riozinho River is a river of Tocantins state in central Brazil. It is a tributary of the Pium River, which through the Javaés River flows into the Araguaia River.

text:
# Riozinho River (Pium River tributary)

The **Riozinho River (Pium River)** is a river of Tocantins state in central Brazil. It is a tributary of the Pium River, which through the Javaés River flows into the Araguaia River.

## InfoBox

| Riozinho River (Pium River) | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Tocantins state |
|  | |


title: Silliman Pass

abstract: Silliman Pass is a mountain pass on the border of Sequoia National Park and Kings Canyon National Park. It stands 10,160 feet (3,100 m) high.

text:
# Silliman Pass

**Silliman Pass** is a mountain pass on the border of Sequoia National Park and Kings Canyon National Park.

It stands 10,160 feet (3,100 m) high.

## Location

It stands on the Kings-Kaweah Divide, loosely north of Mount Silliman., It is directly south of Twin Peaks.

## For whom it was named

Like Mount Silliman, it was named for Benjamin Silliman, professor of chemistry at Yale College.

## InfoBox

| Silliman Pass | |
| --- | --- |
| Elevation | 10,160 ft (3,097 m) |
| Traversed by | hiking trail, no roads |
| Location | Tulare County, United States |
| Range | Sierra Nevada |
| Coordinates | 36°39′45″N 118°42′24″W / 36.66250°N 118.70667°W / 36.66250; -118.70667 |
| Topo map | USGS Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks |


title: Raymond Mays

abstract: Thomas Raymond Mays was an auto racing driver and entrepreneur from Bourne, Lincolnshire, England. He attended Oundle School, where he met Amherst Villiers, leaving at the end of 1917. After army service in the Grenadier Guards in France, he attended Christ's College, Cambridge, taking his first win at Brooklands while an undergraduate.

text:
# Raymond Mays

**Thomas Raymond Mays** CBE (1 August 1899 – 6 January 1980) was an auto racing driver and entrepreneur from Bourne, Lincolnshire, England.

He attended Oundle School, where he met Amherst Villiers, leaving at the end of 1917. After army service in the Grenadier Guards in France, he attended Christ's College, Cambridge, taking his first win at Brooklands while an undergraduate.

## Racing career

Mays was one of the principal people behind the development of the motor racing stables of English Racing Automobiles (ERA) and British Racing Motors (BRM). The workshops of each firm were established, in turn, behind the family home on Eastgate Road in Bourne.

Mays raced for some thirty years, competing in various cars: a Speed-model 1½-litre Hillman, two 1½-litre Bugattis, an unsuccessful supercharged AC, the Vauxhall-Villiers, Mercedes, Invictas, Rileys and ERAs. Mays was renowned for competing at Shelsley Walsh, racing there in the early 1920s with a pair of Brescia Bugattis, known as 'Cordon Bleu' and 'Cordon Rouge'. He developed his cars with superchargers through Amherst Villiers and this association continued from AC to the Vauxhall-Villiers and then the famous 'White Riley', that eventually became the starting point for ERA.

In 1929, Raymond Mays entered the Vauxhall-Villiers at Shelsley Walsh fitted with twin rear wheels; according to Mays "the first time that any car had competed at any hill climb so equipped." He broke the hill record and this innovation was widely copied in the years to come.

Mays made his mark on the track in such events as the 1935 German Grand Prix (scene of a famous victory of Tazio Nuvolari), sharing his ERA with Ernst von Delius. The ribbon which came with the wreath which was part of the prize for this event is to be seen at the Raymond Mays room in Bourne Heritage Centre. Reflecting on his career in his 1969 Desert Island Discs appearance, he considered his favourite race to be his victory earlier in the same year in the voiturette class of the Eifelrennen, beating such entries as the private ERA of Dick Seaman to take the chequered flag.

Mays was one of ERA's most notable drivers, winning the British Hill Climb Championship in its first two years, 1947 and 1948 and also the Brighton Speed Trials in 1946, 1947, 1948 and 1950 in his black ERA R4D. Mays was initially entered in the first ever Formula One World Championship race, the 1950 British Grand Prix, but his registration was cancelled before the start of the event. He stopped driving racing cars at the end of the 1950 season.

In the 1950s and 1960s Mays produced and marketed tuning equipment for British Ford four- and six-cylinder engines, including an alloy cylinder head designed by Mays's ERA and BRM associate Peter Berthon. These parts were fitted to Ford, A.C., and Reliant cars. Mays described these events and others to Roy Plomley in *Desert Island Discs* on 25 October 1969. Mays wrote three books, *Split Seconds*, *BRM* and *At Speed*.

The famous picture of Mays losing a wheel at Caerphilly in 1924 was used by French alternative rock band Roadrunners for the cover of their 1993 album *Instant Trouble*. The Wetherspoons pub in Bourne is named after him.

## Racing record

### Complete European Championship results

(key) (Races in **bold** indicate pole position) (Races in *italics* indicate fastest lap)

| Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | EDC | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1935 | H. W. Cook | ERA B | ERA 2.0 L6 | MON | FRA | BEL | GER
Ret | SUI | ITA | ESP | 29th | 53 |
| 1939 | Automobiles Talbot-Darracq | Talbot MC | Talbot 4.5 L6 | BEL | FRA
Ret | GER | SUI |  |  |  | 30th | 31 |
| Source: | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Bibliography

* *Split Seconds: My Racing Years* by Raymond Mays "ghosted" by Dennis May, G.T. Foulis & Co. Ltd. 1951. 306 pages.
* *B.R.M.* by Raymond Mays and Peter Roberts. (Cassell & Co. Ltd., 35, Red Lion Square, London W.C.1. 30s.) 1962. 240 pages.
* Kenny, Paul (2009). *The Man Who Supercharged Bond: The Extraordinary Story of Charles Amherst Villiers* (Hardback). Sparkford: Haynes Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84425-468-2.
* ERA R4D - The Autobiography of R4D by Mac Hulbert

1. The memorial stands alongside South Street and commemorates the 1999 motorcade of his cars through Bourne, which in turn, commemorated fifty years of the BRM, 65 years of the ERA and the centenary of Mays' birth.


title: Charles Guyette

abstract: Charles Guyette was a pioneer of fetish style, the first person in the United States to produce and distribute fetish art, and regarded as the mail-order predecessor of Irving Klaw. Later known as the "G-String King," he is best remembered for his bizarre photographs, some of which featured sadomasochistic content.

text:
# Charles Guyette

**Charles Guyette** (August 14, 1902 – June, 1976) was a pioneer of fetish style, the first person in the United States to produce and distribute fetish art, and regarded as the mail-order predecessor of Irving Klaw. Later known as the "G-String King," he is best remembered for his bizarre (i.e., fetish) photographs, some of which featured sadomasochistic content.

## Biography

Guyette worked as an innovative burlesque costumer and dealer in theatrical accessories, providing vintage corsets, opera gloves, custom-made fetish boots, and, most famously, G-strings. Employed by National Police Gazette editor, Edythe Farrell, he later provided costumes, high heel shoes and boots, and occasionally photographs for publisher Robert Harrison, known for pin-up magazines such as *Wink*, *Titter,* *Beauty Parade,* *Whisper,* and *Eyeful.* He was also important in early fetish community social circles of the day and in the careers of John Willie and Irving Klaw. Guyette was a fetish fashion pioneer.

In 1935, Guyette went to federal prison, becoming the first martyr of fetish art history. Later, he operated under a series of aliases and owned a costume shop on West 45th Street in New York City. Largely uncredited in his lifetime, Guyette influenced key fetish art innovators, including Irving Klaw, John Willie, Eric Stanton, and Leonard Burtman. The subject of a book tribute, *Charles Guyette: Godfather of American Art,* he is also featured in the independent biopic on Wonder Woman creator William Moulton Marston. The film *Professor Marston and the Wonder Women*, written and directed by Angela Robinson, features Guyette as the costumer for Wonder Woman's real-life inspiration, Olive Byrne. Guyette is played by actor JJ Feild.

## Further reading

* *Charles Guyette: Godfather of American Fetish Art \[\*Cream Paper Edition\*\]* by Richard Pérez Seves. New York: FetHistory, 2019. ISBN 978-1077679689
* *Eric Stanton & the History of the Bizarre Underground* by Richard Pérez Seves. Atglen: Schiffer Publishing, 2018. ISBN 978-0764355424
* *Possibilities: The Photographs of John Willie* edited by J.B. Rund. New York: Bélier Press, 2016. ISBN 978-0914646495
* *The Adventures of Sweet Gwendoline* edited by J.B. Rund.(Second Edition, Revised & Enlarged) New York: Bélier Press, 1999. ISBN 0-914646-48-6
* *Charles Guyette’s High Heeled Shoes: Photographs circa 1940* by George Monk. Amazon Digital Services (Kindle), 2014. ASIN B00J0HAMNO
* *The Development of Sadomasochism as a Cultural Style in the Twentieth-Century United States* (PhD dissertation) by Robert V. Bienvenu II. Indiana: Indiana University, 1998.


title: Der Half-Machine 10"

abstract: Der Half-Machine is a two track EP by electronic artist The Juan MacLean, formerly of Six Finger Satellite. It was released on DFA Records in March 2005. It was meant as a preview of the upcoming full-length album Less Than Human. Neither of these tracks were released on the Less Than Human album but are both available on the DFA Compilation, Vol. 2.

text:
# Der Half-Machine 10"

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | (3/5) |

***Der Half-Machine*** is a two track EP by electronic artist The Juan MacLean, formerly of Six Finger Satellite. It was released on DFA Records in March 2005. It was meant as a preview of the upcoming full-length album Less Than Human. Neither of these tracks were released on the Less Than Human album but are both available on the DFA Compilation, Vol. 2.

## Track listing

1. "I Robot" – 6:12
2. "Less Than Human" – 4:14

1. Allmusic review

## InfoBox

| Der Half-Machine | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by The Juan MacLean | |
| Released | March 7, 2005 |
| Genre | Electronica, Electroclash |
| Length | 10:26 |
| Label | DFA Records |


title: Douglas Spink

abstract: Douglas Bryan LeConte-Spink (1971–2020) was an American advocate for zoophilia known for a combination of criminal activities, including allegedly running a farm for people to practice bestiality.

text:
# Douglas Spink

**Douglas Bryan LeConte-Spink** (1971–2020) was an American advocate for zoophilia known for a combination of criminal activities, including allegedly running a farm for people to practice bestiality.

## Early life and education

Spink was born in Harmony, Pennsylvania on March 17, 1971 to Jack and Clair Spink. He grew up in Pennsylvania and attended a private academy. He enjoyed fox hunting and showed early interest in horse-jumping competitions.

Spink earned a Bachelor of Arts in cultural anthropology from Reed College and a Master of Business Administration from the University of Chicago. In 2000, he was working toward a Doctor of Philosophy in systems science at Portland State University, where he was studying quantitative theories of consciousness.

## Career

Spink began his career as analyst with Boston Consulting Group, where he consulted with Fortune 100 companies.

In the mid-to-late 1990s, he helped found and support several early Internet and technology companies in Oregon. Through the sale of several small businesses, he became a multimillionaire. Despite this, he declared bankruptcy in 2002.

## Criminal history

After declaring bankruptcy in 2002, Spink began smuggling cocaine and marijuana in and out of Canada for Robert Kesling, a regional drug lord. In 2005, he was apprehended when law enforcement stopped him while he was transporting nearly 375 pounds of cocaine, estimated at a value of $34 million. Because of his cooperation with investigators, he received a three-year prison sentence. After release, he was placed on parole.

During the 2005 traffic stop, investigators got the first hint that Spink was practicing bestiality. They noted "Spink was strangely protective of a female German shepherd that was with him", with Cmdr. Steve Clopp also clarifying they "didn't bother" with the odd behavior due to their "more pressing concerns," the most important of which was the 372 pounds of cocaine in the car.

In April 2010, investigators in Tennessee contacted Spink's probation officer to inform him that Spink had become involved in the criminal proceedings against Tait, who had been convicted of trespassing in the Enumclaw horse sex case and was currently charged with bestiality. On April 14, a 19-member SWAT team raided Spink's compound for violating the parole of his 2005 arrest. While there, they arrested a man who was on the property and ultimately plead guilty to animal cruelty charges. Spink received a sentence of three years in federal prison and two years of probation under the condition that "he shut down his websites promoting zoophilia and bestiality; and that he not possess, produce or distribute any bestiality videos or photos".

In 2013, following Spink's prison sentence, he was placed on parole with several conditions, including agreeing to regular checks of any hard drives for inappropriate pornographic material and refraining from voluntary contact with animals. Additionally, courts ordered him to "shut down all websites owned, operated, or under his control that promote or contain zoophilia, bestiality or any sexual act with animal\[s\]". Further, the hard drives that were taken during the 2010 investigation were not returned due to Spink's skill and knowledge regarding technology under the assumption that he may be able to recover deleted inappropriate files and/or encrypted data.

Almost immediately, Spink returned to bestiality websites, obtained a dog, and boarded horses at a nearby farm. In 2014, he was sentenced to nine months in prison for violating parole, "the longest sentence U.S. District Court Judge Ricardo Martinez could impose". In a 2014 interview, Spink stated of his public crimes, "A core precedent was set: No longer can zoophobes in this country batter and coerce people like me into silence with threats of violence."

After his release from prison, Spink crossed the border into Canada and was arrested and jailed at least twice for entering the country and obtaining dogs, and at one point was the suspect in the disappearance of his neighbor's dog, actions disallowed by his parole. During one arrest he held a machete to his dog's throat and bit an officer's hand in a standoff with the police.

## Zoophilia advocacy

Spink was outspoken about his beliefs that animals can consent to sexual activity with humans. During a 2010 court case, Spink's attorney explained, "He believes it's a sexual orientation and that the arguments against it are the same ones once made against homosexuality or miscegenation". Additionally, in a YouTube video, Spink discussed his 10-year romantic relationship with one of the horses on his farm.

In addition to his personal actions and advocacy, Spink worked on projects against "zoophobic bigots" to raise legal funds for defending his fellow "zoosexuals".

## Personal life

Spink was at one time married and had relationships with men and women.

In an interview, he indicated that he had been diagnosed with Asperger syndrome. He also indicated that he was "a lifelong (if imperfect) vegetarian" and animal rights activist.

Spink died from complications from cancer in his mother's home in Harmony on January 23, 2020.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Douglas Spink | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Douglas Bryan LeConte-Spink
(1971-03-17)March 17, 1971
Harmony, Pennsylvania |
| Died | January 23, 2020(2020-01-23) (aged 48)
Harmony, Pennsylvania |
| Other names | * Fausty * Cross Species Alliance |
| Education |  |
| Occupation(s) | Entrepreneur and zoophile activist |
| Years active | 2002–2020 |
| Criminal charges | Drug trafficking and animal cruelty |


title: Semra Saiyad

abstract: Semra Saiyad is a village in the Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is located in the Huzur tehsil and the Phanda block.

text:
# Semra Saiyad

**Semra Saiyad** is a village in the Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is located in the Huzur tehsil and the Phanda block.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Semra Saiyad has 114 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 70.78%.

Demographics (2011 Census)
|  | Total | Male | Female |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Population | 644 | 354 | 290 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 93 | 58 | 35 |
| Scheduled caste | 21 | 11 | 10 |
| Scheduled tribe | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Literates | 390 | 229 | 161 |
| Workers (all) | 410 | 234 | 176 |
| Main workers (total) | 291 | 194 | 97 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 125 | 89 | 36 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 142 | 85 | 57 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Main workers: Other | 24 | 20 | 4 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 119 | 40 | 79 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 63 | 17 | 46 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 53 | 23 | 30 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Non-workers | 234 | 120 | 114 |

## InfoBox

| Semra Saiyad | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| Semra SaiyadSemra Saiyad | |
| Coordinates: 23°20′46″N 77°26′19″E / 23.3462464°N 77.4386429°E / 23.3462464; 77.4386429 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Madhya Pradesh |
| District | Bhopal |
| Tehsil | Huzur |
| Elevation | 484 m (1,588 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 644 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| ISO 3166 code | MP-IN |
| 2011 census code | 482421 |


title: Shalamar Institute of Health Sciences

abstract: Shalamar Institute of Health Sciences, named after Shalimar Gardens, Lahore, is a medical complex and an umbrella organization providing health care and medical services. It consists of Shalamar Hospital, Shalamar Nursing College and Shalamar Medical and Dental College, all of which are situated on Shalimar Link Road, Lahore in Shalimar Town.

text:
# Shalamar Institute of Health Sciences

**Shalamar Institute of Health Sciences** (abbreviated as **SIHS**), named after Shalimar Gardens, Lahore, is a medical complex and an umbrella organization providing health care and medical services. It consists of Shalamar Hospital, Shalamar Nursing College and Shalamar Medical and Dental College, all of which are situated on Shalimar Link Road, Lahore in Shalimar Town.

## Colleges

### Shalamar Nursing College

Shalamar Nursing College, established in 2006, is a nursing school accredited by the Pakistan Nursing Council and affiliated with the University of Health Sciences, Lahore (UHS). The college provides undergraduate 4 years B.Sc Nursing and 2 years Post RN B.Sc Nursing degrees.

### Shalamar Medical and Dental College

It was established in 2009. It is accredited by the Pakistan Medical and Dental Council, affiliated with the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan and University of Health Sciences, Lahore for postgraduate training and undergraduate degrees respectively.

## Training hospitals

### Shalamar Hospital

Shalamar Hospital, established in 1982, is a 350-bedded private teaching hospital is attached with Shalamar Institute of Health Sciences for clinical training of its students. The hospital provides consultation, diagnostic and treatment services for almost all medical and surgical specialties through its hospital based clinical services and community program.


title: Song of Lawino

abstract: Song of Lawino is an epic poem written by Ugandan poet Okot p'Bitek. It was first published in 1966 in an English translation by the author, although Chapter 14, its final chapter, was removed. It was quickly translated into other languages. The complete poem in the original Acholi Luo language was published later in 1969. Taban Lo Liyong published an English translation of chapter 14 in 1993 as well as a new translation of the entire poem in 2001. Song of Lawino has become one of the most widely read literary works originating from Sub-Saharan Africa. It has also become culturally iconic within Africa, because of its scathing display of how African society was being destroyed by the colonization of Africa. Song of Lawino was originally written in rhyming couplets and had a regular meter. The poem is told from the point of view of Lawino in the first person. p'Bitek published a follow-up poem in English, Song of Ocol, in 1970.

text:
# Song of Lawino

***Song of Lawino*** (Acholi: ***Wer pa Lawino***) is an epic poem written by Ugandan poet Okot p'Bitek. It was first published in 1966 in an English translation by the author, although Chapter 14, its final chapter, was removed. It was quickly translated into other languages. The complete poem in the original Acholi Luo language was published later in 1969. Taban Lo Liyong published an English translation of chapter 14 in 1993 as well as a new translation of the entire poem in 2001 (as *The Defence of Lawino*).

*Song of Lawino* has become one of the most widely read literary works originating from Sub-Saharan Africa. It has also become culturally iconic within Africa, because of its scathing display of how African society was being destroyed by the colonization of Africa.

*Song of Lawino* was originally written in rhyming couplets and had a regular meter. The poem is told from the point of view of Lawino in the first person.

p'Bitek published a follow-up poem in English, *Song of Ocol*, in 1970.

## Plot

*Song of Lawino*, which is a narrative poem, describes how Lawino's husband, Ocol, the son of the tribal leader of their Acholi tribe, has taken another wife, Clementine, who is educated and acts European. Although Ocol's polygamy is accepted by society, and by Lawino herself, her description of his actions shows that he is shunning Lawino in favour of Clementine. Ocol is also said to be fascinated with the culture of the European colonialists. As an example of this, Lawino says Ocol no longer engages, or has any interest in, the ritualistic African dance but prefers the ballroom-style dances introduced by the colonising Europeans. This loss of culture on the part of Ocol is what disturbs Lawino the most. The poem is an extended appeal from Lawino to Ocol to stay true to his own customs, and to abandon his desire to be white.

The book also advocates for the African culture that has been lost by the educated elite. Lawino bemoans her husband's lack of African pride and she romanticizes all that is black. Lawino says "all that is black is beautiful."

* Petri Liukkonen. "Okot p'Bitek". *Books and Writers*. (contains extract of "Song of Lawino")

## InfoBox

Song of Lawino
| Author | Okot p'Bitek |
| --- | --- |
| Subject | Post-colonialism |
| Genre | Epic poetry, World literature |
| Publication date | 1966 |
| Publication place | Uganda |


title: Riku Rantala

abstract: Riku Rantala is a Finnish journalist, best known from traveling series Madventures. He has also co-written a book, Isänmaan asialla - matkaopas syrjäytettyjen Suomeen, with Ari Lahdenmäki. In 2007, Rantala, Lahdenmäki and Tuomas "Tunna" Milonoff, the 2nd of Madventures' presenters, published Madventures: Kansainvälisen seikkailijan opas. The book is a guidebook for new travelers and gives advice and insight into the world of backpacking. Rantala has studied journalism in the University of Tampere.

text:
# Riku Rantala

**Riku Rantala** (born 20 July 1974) is a Finnish journalist, best known from traveling series Madventures. He has also co-written a book, *Isänmaan asialla - matkaopas syrjäytettyjen Suomeen* (Johnny Kniga, 2004), with Ari Lahdenmäki. In 2007, Rantala, Lahdenmäki and Tuomas "Tunna" Milonoff, the 2nd of Madventures' presenters, published *Madventures: Kansainvälisen seikkailijan opas* (Johnny Kniga, 2007). The book is a guidebook for new travelers and gives advice and insight into the world of backpacking.

Rantala has studied journalism in the University of Tampere.

## Awards

In 2010, Riku Rantala was selected as the best male TV-person in the Kultainen TV (literally Golden TV) awards. In the same event, Madventures won the award for best television program. Both awards were decided in a vote by television viewers.

In 2012 the Ministry of Education and Culture of Finland awarded Rantala and Milonoff for advancing the geographical and global knowledge especially among the young people.

Media related to Riku Rantala at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Riku Rantala | |
| --- | --- |
| Riku Rantala in 2010. | |
| Born | Riku Rantala
(1974-07-20) 20 July 1974
Hamina, Finland |
| Occupation(s) | actor, producer, journalist, presenter |


title: Simon Wallace

abstract: Simon Wallace is a British composer and pianist. Simon Wallace was born in Newport, South Wales. He studied music at the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama and University College, Oxford, where he ran the Oxford University Jazz Club and played with The Oxcentrics, a Dixieland jazz band. He also studied with jazz pianists in London and New York. Wallace collaborated with the film and television composer Simon Brint from 1980 until Brint's death in 2011. They composed music for television series including Absolutely Fabulous, Coupling, French and Saunders, Murder Most Horrid, All Rise For Julian Clary, The Ruby Wax Show, Bosom Pals, The All New Alexie Sayle Show, The Clive James Show and The Ben Elton Show. In 1982 they scored A Shocking Accident which won 1983 Oscar for 'best live action short their last broadcast work together was the music for The One Ronnie in December 2010. Independently of Brint he scored the 1982 David Leland television drama R.H.I.N.O., the 1998 series Duck Patrol, and the documentary series Famous Authors. He worked on two series of The Armstrong and Miller Show arranging and playing music for the Brabbins and Fyffe sketches. In 1986, the Bangkok Symphony Orchestra commissioned a five movement symphony for Bhumibol Adulyadej, the King of Thailand's 60th birthday. A further commission Fanfare and Rhapsody was performed in 2006 as part of the celebrations for His Majesty the King's 60th Jubilee. From 1990 to 1993, Wallace toured internationally as a member of The Lindsay Kemp Company devising and performing music with composer percussionist Joji Hirota for the show Onnagata and the film Travelling Light. In 1993, he was musical director for the West End production and cast recording album of Elegies for Angels, Punks and Raging Queens. In 1994, he met the American lyricist Fran Landesman. with whom he collaborated until her death in 2011 writing some 300 songs. Theatre shows based on Landesman/Wallace songs include There's Something Irresistible in Down (1996) produced at the Young Vic by members of the Royal Shakespeare Company, Forbidden Games (1997) at the Ustinov Theatre Bath, the Pleasance Theatre Edinburgh and the Gdansk Shakespeare Festival and Queen of the Bohemian Dream (2007) produced at the Source Theatre in Washington, D.C. From 2003 to 2006, Wallace was musical director for jazz singer Clare Teal. He arranged and directed her 2004 album Don't Talk (SonyBMG) and wrote arrangements for her broadcasts with the BBC Big Band, the BBC Concert Orchestra and for television appearances including two on the Michael Parkinson Show. Between 2009 and 2011, he toured in the UK and US with singer Barb Jungr and in 2010 worked with The Waterboys on the premiere of "An Appointment With Mr Yeats" at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, Ireland. He arranged and co-produced Jungr's 2010 album The Men I Love and has produced albums by singers Ian Shaw (Jazzhouse), Sarah Moule, Nicki Leighton-Thomas, Pete Atkin and Gill Manly In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Wallace produced a distributed lockdown version of the 1925 song Don't Bring Lulu played by the Oxcentrics. Simon Wallace is married to jazz singer Sarah Moule, lives in southeast London, and has a son born in 2000.

text:
# Simon Wallace

**Simon Wallace** (born 1957) is a British composer and pianist.

Simon Wallace was born in Newport, South Wales. He studied music at the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama and University College, Oxford, where he ran the Oxford University Jazz Club and played with *The Oxcentrics*, a Dixieland jazz band. He also studied with jazz pianists in London and New York.

Wallace collaborated with the film and television composer Simon Brint from 1980 until Brint's death in 2011. They composed music for television series including *Absolutely Fabulous*, *Coupling*, *French and Saunders*, *Murder Most Horrid*, *All Rise For Julian Clary*, *The Ruby Wax Show*, *Bosom Pals*, *The All New Alexie Sayle Show*, *The Clive James Show* and *The Ben Elton Show*. In 1982 they scored *A Shocking Accident* which won 1983 Oscar for 'best live action short their last broadcast work together was the music for *The One Ronnie* in December 2010. Independently of Brint he scored the 1982 David Leland television drama *R.H.I.N.O.*, the 1998 series *Duck Patrol*, and the documentary series *Famous Authors*. He worked on two series of The Armstrong and Miller Show (2007-2009 BBC1) arranging and playing music for the *Brabbins and Fyffe* sketches.

In 1986, the Bangkok Symphony Orchestra commissioned a five movement symphony for Bhumibol Adulyadej, the King of Thailand's 60th birthday. A further commission *Fanfare and Rhapsody* was performed in 2006 as part of the celebrations for His Majesty the King's 60th Jubilee.

From 1990 to 1993, Wallace toured internationally as a member of *The Lindsay Kemp Company* devising and performing music with composer percussionist Joji Hirota for the show *Onnagata* and the film *Travelling Light*. In 1993, he was musical director for the West End production and cast recording album of *Elegies for Angels, Punks and Raging Queens*.

In 1994, he met the American lyricist Fran Landesman. with whom he collaborated until her death in 2011 writing some 300 songs. Theatre shows based on Landesman/Wallace songs include *There's Something Irresistible in Down* (1996) produced at the Young Vic by members of the Royal Shakespeare Company, *Forbidden Games* (1997) at the Ustinov Theatre Bath, the Pleasance Theatre Edinburgh and the Gdansk Shakespeare Festival and *Queen of the Bohemian Dream* (2007) produced at the Source Theatre in Washington, D.C.

From 2003 to 2006, Wallace was musical director for jazz singer Clare Teal. He arranged and directed her 2004 album *Don't Talk* (SonyBMG) and wrote arrangements for her broadcasts with the BBC Big Band, the BBC Concert Orchestra and for television appearances including two on the Michael Parkinson Show.

Between 2009 and 2011, he toured in the UK and US with singer Barb Jungr and in 2010 worked with The Waterboys on the premiere of "An Appointment With Mr Yeats" at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, Ireland. He arranged and co-produced Jungr's 2010 album *The Men I Love* (Naim Records) and has produced albums by singers Ian Shaw (Jazzhouse), Sarah Moule (Linn Records), Nicki Leighton-Thomas (Candid Records), Pete Atkin (Hillside Music) and Gill Manly (Linn Records)

In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Wallace produced a distributed lockdown version of the 1925 song *Don't Bring Lulu* played by the Oxcentrics.

Simon Wallace is married to jazz singer Sarah Moule, lives in southeast London, and has a son born in 2000.

## InfoBox

| Simon Wallace | |
| --- | --- |
| Wallace with The Waterboys in 2010 | |
| Born | 1957 (age 6667)
Newport, Wales |
| Education | Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama;
University College, Oxford |
| Occupations | * Composer * pianist |
| Spouse | Sarah Moule |
| **Musical career** | |
| Genres |  |
| Instrument | Piano |
|  | |
| Website | www.simonwallace.org |


title: Rapid Deployment Vaccine Collaborative

abstract: The Rapid Deployment Vaccine Collaborative (RaDVaC) is a non-profit, collaborative, open-source vaccine research organization founded in March 2020 by Preston Estep and colleagues from various fields of expertise, motivated to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic through rapid, adaptable, transparent, and accessible vaccine development. The members of RaDVaC contend that even the accelerated vaccine approvals, such as the FDA's Emergency Use Authorization, does not make vaccines available quickly enough. The core group has published a series of white papers online, detailing both the technical principles of and protocols for their research vaccine formulas, as well as dedicated materials and protocols pages. All of the organization's published work has been released under Creative Commons non-commercial licenses, including those contributing to the Open COVID Pledge. Multiple individuals involved with the project have engaged in self-experimentation to assess vaccine safety and efficacy. As of January 2022, the organization has developed and published twelve iterations of experimental intranasal, multivalent, multi-epitope peptide vaccine formulas, and according to the RaDVaC website, by early 2021 hundreds of individuals had self-administered one or more doses of the vaccines described by the group.

text:
# Rapid Deployment Vaccine Collaborative

**The Rapid Deployment Vaccine Collaborative** (**RaDVaC**) is a non-profit, collaborative, open-source vaccine research organization founded in March 2020 by Preston Estep and colleagues from various fields of expertise, motivated to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic through rapid, adaptable, transparent, and accessible vaccine development. The members of RaDVaC contend that even the accelerated vaccine approvals, such as the FDA's Emergency Use Authorization, does not make vaccines available quickly enough. The core group has published a series of white papers online, detailing both the technical principles of and protocols for their research vaccine formulas, as well as dedicated materials and protocols pages. All of the organization's published work has been released under Creative Commons non-commercial licenses, including those contributing to the Open COVID Pledge. Multiple individuals involved with the project have engaged in self-experimentation to assess vaccine safety and efficacy. As of January 2022, the organization has developed and published twelve iterations of experimental intranasal, multivalent, multi-epitope peptide vaccine formulas, and according to the RaDVaC website, by early 2021 hundreds of individuals had self-administered one or more doses of the vaccines described by the group.

## History

In March 2020, Preston Estep sent an email to several associates in an effort to determine whether any open-source vaccine projects were underway. Finding none, he and several colleagues formed RaDVaC in the following days, and began constructing the first generation of the RaDVaC research vaccine formula.

## Self-experimentation

Several of RaDVaC's core members and numerous others have engaged in self-experimentation to assess both the safety and efficacy of the vaccine formulations. Dr. Estep self-administered the first dose on March 30, 2020. As of early 2020, the group claims that hundreds of individuals had self-administered one or more doses of one or more generations of the RaDVaC experimental vaccine.

## Open-source and iterative vaccine research and development

RaDVaC considers responsive iteration a key asset in developing vaccines against an emerging disease such as COVID-19. In contrast to commercial vaccine R&D infrastructure, RaDVaC's core group adapted their vaccine designs in response to emerging research on the pathology and immunology of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.

### SARS-CoV-2 Peptide Vaccines

#### Early generations (gen. 1-6)

* Included primarily B cell epitopes, both emergent from computational predictions as well as early research in SARS-CoV-2 antibody mapping.

#### Generation 7

* First inclusion of empirical T cell response data.

#### Generation 8

* Better characterization of T cell response.

#### Generation 9

#### Generation 10

* Improved solubility at physiological pH by the use of derivatized chitosan (for example: trimethyl chitosan \[TMC\] or hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan \[HACC\]), instead of unmodified chitosan.
* Increased T helper activation combined with reduced MHC Class II restriction to more robustly activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes and B cells for antibody production.
* Surface display of antigens for improved antibody response.
* A smaller set of core peptides (5 peptides) combined with a list of optional peptides, providing greater functionality and improved representation of common MHC Class I alleles.
* An optional epitope sequence that includes an increasingly common variant (N501Y) in the Spike Receptor Binding Motif (RBM). The RaDVaC primary protective strategy remains focused on the more highly conserved epitopes involved in membrane fusion, but groups are testing the potential of this epitope sequence to boost the systemic antibody response.
* An optional dendritic cell targeting peptide for delivering T cell epitopes to dendritic cells, an important cell type in the presentation of T cell antigens.

#### Generation 11

* The only difference between Generation 10 and Generation 11 vaccine designs is the addition to Gen. 11 of the peptide MVC2-s, which represents the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD)/Receptor Binding Motif (RBM), and has 2 mutations that are present in variants of concern and interest: the L452R mutation found in Delta, Iota, and Kappa, and the N501Y mutation found in Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Mu.

#### Generation 12

* The Generation 12 vaccine design is very similar to Generation 11, but with one major change and some minor ones. The major change is the addition of the Omicron-specific SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Motif peptide ("RBMO-sc") to the set of core peptides, and the subtraction of "MVC1-s" from the set of optional peptides. Certain T cell epitope peptides were also changed. "Orf1ab 5528T" replaced "Orf1 1636T" in the list of core peptides, because the former is bound by all of the Class I receptors that bind "Orf1 1636T" but it also binds several others. RaDVaC also eliminated "Nuc 264T-key" from the list of optional peptides because the homologous sequence in SARS-CoV-1 reportedly suppresses cytokine signaling.

## Open-source clinical trial design

In April 2022, RaDVaC published a proposal for a novel vaccine clinical trial design, called a "step-up challenge trial". The proposed model is intended to validate immuno-efficacy of broad-spectrum vaccines, including pan-coronavirus vaccines, but subjecting ("challenging") study participants to multiple related pathogens with different degrees of pathogenicity.

## Funding and awards

In December 2021 ACX Grants announced that RaDVaC had been awarded US$100,000 "to make open-source modular affordable vaccines." In May 2022 RaDVaC tweeted it had been awarded US$2.5 million from Balvi, a moonshot anti-covid effort established by Vitalik Buterin.

## InfoBox

Rapid Deployment Vaccine Collaborative
|
|  |
| Abbreviation | RaDVaC |
| Formation | March 2020 |
| Type | 501(c)(3) organization |
| Purpose | To design, produce, test, and share open-source vaccine research in an effort to accelerate and strengthen COVID-19 vaccine development |
| Key people | Preston Estep, Alexander Hoekstra, Don Wang, Ranjan Ahuja, Brian M. Delaney, George Church |
| Website | radvac.org |


title: Charles Guy Parsloe

abstract: Charles Guy Parsloe, was a British historian, writer and Liberal Party politician.

text:
# Charles Guy Parsloe

**Charles Guy Parsloe** (5 November 1900 – 8 March 1985), was a British historian, writer and Liberal Party politician.

## Background

Parsloe was born the son of Henry Edward Parsloe. He was educated at Stationers' Company's School and University College, London. In 1929 he married Mary Zirphie Munro Faiers. They had two sons and one daughter.

## Professional career

Parsloe was Assistant in History at University College, 1925–27; then Secretary and Librarian at the Institute of Historical Research, 1927–43. He was Secretary of the Institute of Welding, 1943–67 (Hon. Fellow, 1968), and Vice-President of the International Institute of Welding, 1966–69 (Secretary-General, 1948–66).

## Political career

Parsloe was Liberal candidate for the Streatham division at the 1923 General Election. He did not stand for Parliament again.

### Electoral record

General Election 1923: Streatham
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Unionist | Sir William Lane-Mitchell | 10,598 | 60.0 | −9.1 |
|  | Liberal | Charles Guy Parsloe | 7,075 | 40.0 | +9.1 |
| Majority | | | 3,523 | 20.0 | −18.2 |
| Turnout | | |  | 61.3 | −1.7 |
|  | Unionist **hold** | | Swing | -9.1 |  |

General Election 1924: Streatham
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Unionist | Sir William Lane-Mitchell | 15,936 | 68.5 |  |
|  | Liberal | Charles Guy Parsloe | 4,111 | 17.7 |  |
|  | Communist | Alfred M. Wall | 3,204 | 13.8 |  |
| Majority | | | 11,825 | 50.8 |  |
| Turnout | | | 23,251 | 77.75 |  |
|  | Unionist **hold** | | Swing |  |  |