title: Raths-Apotheke (Bremen)

abstract: The Raths-Apotheke is a listed building on the Market Square (Marktplatz) in Bremen, Germany. After suffering war damage, the building was restored with two gables in the Neobaroque style in 1958, re-establishing the square's sequence of gabled buildings dating from the 1820s.

text:
# Raths-Apotheke (Bremen)

The **Raths-Apotheke** (literally: Council Apothecary) is a listed building on the Market Square (*Marktplatz*) in Bremen, Germany. After suffering war damage, the building was restored with two gables in the Neobaroque style in 1958, re-establishing the square's sequence of gabled buildings dating from the 1820s.

## History

There has been a Raths-Apotheke in Bremen since 1510. The exact location of the original building is not known but it was probably situated in Sögestrasse. It is first mentioned in a document from 1 October 1532 in which the city requires the pharmacist to sell his wares at fair prices. The pharmacist received his income from the city council. From the 17th century, the council leased the pharmacy for 10 years at a time, later for life. The supervision was ensured by the third mayor and by a councillor.

From 1594 to 1820, two beautiful three-storey gabled buildings in the Weser Renaissance style stood of the site of today's Raths-Apotheke. Differing in height and width, they had been designed by Lüder von Bentheim, one with two bays, the other with three. They housed the apothecary and the excise office. The apothecary itself had a tall triangular gable with pyramids on either side. In the 17th century, additional pharmacies were established in Bremen: the "Einhorn-Apotheke" in 1640, and the "Hirsch-Apotheke" and the "Apotheke zur weißen Rose" in 1667.

In August 1815, the city council sold the Raths-Apotheke property to Jacob Henschen, the licensee. In 1824, Henschen demolished the buildings which had fallen into disrepair. Around 1830, a new plain three-storey building was erected in the Neoclassical style practised by Biedermeier. Standing in the northwest corner of the Marktplatz, the rendered building looked strange and out of character. In 1893, it was seriously damaged by a fire but the owner, Friedrich Hauck, could not afford to have it repaired.

A lively public discussion took place, involving the Bürgerschaft of Bremen (city parliament). It became generally accepted that as the market place was close to the hearts of the citizens, its appearance had to be maintained. As a result, the cathedral architect, Max Salzman, submitted plans for a new façade. Built of yellow Silesian marble, the German Renaissance building was completed in 1894. Its central gable and the oriels on the first and second floors drew out its vertical lines. To cover the additional costs of a building designed to enhance the cityscape, the owner received a subsidy of 15,000 marks from the city and a donation of 10,000 marks from Franz Schütte who had been successful in the oil-import business.

On 6 October 1944, the interior of the building was destroyed by incendiary bombs but the ground floor and the façade with the oriels were left intact. After the war, the lower two storeys of the building were repaired but it was only in 1958 that restoration was completed. Planned by Herbert Anker, instead of a single central gable, there were now two Neobaroque gables. The work re-established the ensemble of gabled buildings on the Marktplatz from 1830. As the oriels on the first and second floor had originally been designed as features of a single gable, their removal was contemplated but rejected. The roof cover of the oriel which had originally been cupola-shaped was replaced by a sloping copper-covered roof. There is a sundial on the right gable, one of Bremen's 125 sundials.

The left entrance provides access to a medical centre while the Raths-Apotheke occupies the right half of the building.

## Heritage listings

In 1973, the Raths-Apotheke was listed under the Monument Act. The ensemble on the north-western side of the Marktplatz consists of the following four buildings (from right to left):

* Am Markt 1: Rathscafé/Deutsches Haus, 1908–1911
* Am Markt 9: Haus Zum Jonas, built 1600, rebuilt 1963
* Am Markt 11: Raths-Apotheke, built 1893–1894, rebuilt 1959–1960
* Am Markt 12: Sparkasse am Markt, 1755, reconstructed 1958

## Literature

* Funke-Johannsen, Silke (2013). *150 Jahre Remberti-Apotheke: Die wechselvolle Geschichte einer Bremer Apotheke von 1863 - 2013* (in German). BoD – Books on Demand. ISBN 978-3-939564-47-8.
* Kohl, Johann Georg (2012) \[1871\]. *Episoden aus der Geschichte der Stadt Bremen* (in German). BoD – Books on Demand. pp. 115–. ISBN 978-3-95507-782-2.
* Schwarzwälder, Herbert (2003). *Das Große Bremen-Lexikon* (in German). Edition Temmen. ISBN 3-86108-693-X.

53°4′33.56″N 8°48′24.04″E / 53.0759889°N 8.8066778°E / 53.0759889; 8.8066778


title: Ramachandran Balasubramanian

abstract: Ramachandran Balasubramanian is an Indian mathematician and was Director of the Institute of Mathematical Sciences in Chennai, India. He is known for his work in number theory, which includes settling the final g(4) case of Waring's problem in 1986. He is also known for his work in Cryptography which includes his famous work with Koblitz, now commonly called the Balu-Koblitz Theorem. His work in Additive Combinatorics includes his two page paper on additive complements of squares, hence disproving a long standing conjecture of Erdős. His works on moments of Riemann zeta function is highly appreciated and he was a plenary speaker from India at ICM in 2010. He was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1980-81. He was a student of K. Ramachandra, a lifelong collaborator of Jean-Marc Deshouillers, and co-authored stellar mathematicians like Ram Murty, Kumar Murty, Heath-Brown, N. Koblitz and F. Luca. He was the founder and remains a member of the advisory board of the Hardy-Ramanujan Journal.

text:
# Ramachandran Balasubramanian

**Ramachandran Balasubramanian** (born 15 March 1951) is an Indian mathematician and was Director of the Institute of Mathematical Sciences in Chennai, India. He is known for his work in number theory, which includes settling the final g(4) case of Waring's problem in 1986. He is also known for his work in Cryptography which includes his famous work with Koblitz, now commonly called the *Balu-Koblitz Theorem*. His work in Additive Combinatorics includes his two page paper on additive complements of squares, hence disproving a long standing conjecture of Erdős.

His works on moments of Riemann zeta function is highly appreciated and he was a plenary speaker from India at ICM in 2010. He was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1980-81.

He was a student of K. Ramachandra, a lifelong collaborator of Jean-Marc Deshouillers, and co-authored stellar mathematicians like Ram Murty, Kumar Murty, Heath-Brown, N. Koblitz and F. Luca. He was the founder and remains a member of the advisory board of the Hardy-Ramanujan Journal.

## Awards and honours

He has received the following awards:


title: Raphael Wallace

abstract: Raphael Hugh Oswald Wallace is a former Nevisian cricketer who played several matches with the Leeward Islands in West Indian domestic cricket. From Charlestown, the island's capital and largest town, Wallace regularly represented Nevis in inter-island matches, playing from the late 1970s through to the late 1980s. A right-arm fast bowler, he made his first-class debut for the Leewards during the 1979–80 season, in the semi-annual matches against the Windward Islands. In the match, played at the Antigua Recreation Ground, Wallace took 2/33 in the Windwards' first innings, but in the second innings went wicketless, also scoring six runs without losing his wicket. He did not play any further matches at first-class level, but several seasons later played twice for the team in the limited-overs Geddes Grant/Harrison Line Trophy. Wallace took a single wicket in a match against Barbados in February 1984, and two wickets against the same team just over a year later, opening the bowling with Conrad Bartlette. His brother, Leon Claxton, also played representative cricket for Nevis. His son, Philo Wallace, played for the Leeward Islands under-age teams, before he was killed by a police constable in October 2015.

text:
# Raphael Wallace

**Raphael Hugh Oswald Wallace** (born 29 May 1957) is a former Nevisian cricketer who played several matches with the Leeward Islands in West Indian domestic cricket. From Charlestown, the island's capital and largest town, Wallace regularly represented Nevis in inter-island matches, playing from the late 1970s through to the late 1980s. A right-arm fast bowler, he made his first-class debut for the Leewards during the 1979–80 season, in the semi-annual matches against the Windward Islands. In the match, played at the Antigua Recreation Ground, Wallace took 2/33 in the Windwards' first innings, but in the second innings went wicketless, also scoring six runs without losing his wicket. He did not play any further matches at first-class level, but several seasons later played twice for the team in the limited-overs Geddes Grant/Harrison Line Trophy. Wallace took a single wicket in a match against Barbados in February 1984, and two wickets against the same team just over a year later, opening the bowling with Conrad Bartlette.

His brother, Leon Claxton, also played representative cricket for Nevis. His son, Philo Wallace, played for the Leeward Islands under-age teams, before he was killed by a police constable in October 2015.

## InfoBox

Raphael Wallace
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Raphael Hugh Oswald Wallace |
| Born | (1957-05-29) 29 May 1957<br>Government Road, Charlestown, Nevis |
| Nickname | "Raffie" |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm fast-medium |
| Role | Bowler |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1980–1985 | Leeward Islands |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition FC LA  Matches 1 2  Runs scored 6 n/a  Batting average n/a n/a  100s/50s 0/0 n/a  Top score 4\* n/a  Balls bowled 104 116  Wickets 2 3  Bowling average 25.00 25.00  5 wickets in innings 0 0  10 wickets in match 0 n/a  Best bowling 2/33 2/48  Catches/stumpings 0/- 0/- | |
|  | |
| Source: CricketArchive, 24 February 2013 | |


title: Ravi Kinagi

abstract: Ravi Kinagi is an Indian film director, documentary editor, and screenwriter. He works predominantly in Bengali and Odia cinema.

text:
# Ravi Kinagi

**Ravi Kinagi** (alternative spellings: **Rabi Kinagi**, **Rabi Kinnagi**) is an Indian film director, documentary editor, and screenwriter. He works predominantly in Bengali and Odia cinema.

## Biography

Ravi Kinagi was born into a Kannada family. He learned the basics of filmmaking from his father Shankar Kinagi who was a producer and director. He was born and brought up in Mumbai. He worked with Rajshri Films when they were making Paheli, Naiyya, and Kanoon Ka Shikar. He also assisted S Ramanathan, Anil Ganguly, and Prashant Nanda. He then directed two Marathi films, Manuski and Halahal. Later he started making Odia films and later shifted to the Bengali film industry.

## Filmography

### As director

|  | Denotes films that have not yet been released |
| --- | --- |

| Year | Film | Language | Cast |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1990 | *Jibansangee* | Bengali | Tapas Paul, Archana Joglekar |
| 1998 | *Sonar Khancha* |  |  |
| | *Putuler Pratishodh* |  |  |
| 2002 | *Annadata* | Bengali | Prosenjit Chatterjee, Sreelekha Mitra |
| 2003 | *Champion* | Bengal | Jeet, Srabanti Chatterjee |
| 2004 | *Premi* | Bengali | Jeet, Jisshu U Sengupta, Chandana Sharma |
| | *Mastan* | Bengali | Jeet, Swastika Mukherjee |
| | *Bandhan* | Bengali | Jeet, Koel Mallick |
| 2005 | *Yuddho* | Bengali | Mithun Chakraborty, Debashree Roy, Jeet, Koel Mallick |
| 2006 | *Agni Pariksha* | Bengali | Prosenjit Chatterjee, Priyanka Trivedi |
| 2007 | *I Love You* | Bengali | Dev, Payel Sarkar |
| 2008 | *Premer Kahini* | Bengali | Dev, Koel Mallick |
| | *Bhalobasa Bhalobasa* | Bengali | Hiran, Srabanti Chatterjee |
| 2009 | *Poran Jaye Jolia Re* | Bengali | Dev, Subhashree Ganguly |
| 2010 | *Wanted* | Bengali | Jeet, Srabanti Chatterjee |
| | *Josh* | Bengali | Jeet, Srabanti Chatterjee |
| 2011 | *Fighter* | Bengali | Jeet, Srabanti Chatterjee |
| 2012 | *100% Love* | Bengali | Jeet, Koel Mallick |
| | *Awara* | Bengali | Jeet, Sayantika Banerjee |
| 2013 | *Deewana* | Bengali | Jeet, Srabanti Chatterjee |
| 2014 | *Bangali Babu English Mem* | Bengali | Soham Chakraborty, Mimi Chakraborty |
| 2015 | *Herogiri* | Bengali | Mithun Chakraborty, Dev, Koel Mallick, Sayantika Banerjee |
| | *Jamai 420* | Bengali | Soham Chakraborty, Hiran, Ankush, Payel Sarkar, Mimi Chakraborty, Nusrat Jahan |
| 2016 | *Ki Kore Toke Bolbo* | Bengali | Ankush, Mimi Chakraborty |
| 2017 | *Ami Je Ke Tomar* | Bengali | Ankush, Nusrat Jahan, Sayantika Banerjee |
| 2017 | *Jio Pagla* | Bengali | Jisshu Sengupta, Soham Chakraborty, Hiran Chatterjee, Bonny Sengupta, Srabanti Chatterjee, Payel Sarkar, Rittika Sen, Koushani Mukherjee |
| 2019 | *Jamai Badal* | Bengali | Soham Chakraborty, Hiran, Payel Sarkar, Koushani Mukherjee |
| 2021 | *Miss Call* | Bengali | Soham Chakraborty, Rittika Sen |
|

*

### Screenplay

### Odia film

| Year | Title | Cast | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1986 | *Manini* |  |  |
| 1988 | *Suna Chadhei* |  |  |
| 1989 | *Ama Ghar Ama Sansar* |  |  |
| 1990 | *Pardesi Chadhei* |  |  |
| 1990 | *Jiban Sanghi* |  |  |
| 1991 | *Bhishma Pratigya* |  |  |
| 1994 | *Bhai Hela Bhagari* |  |  |
| 1996 | *Suna Panjuri* |  |  |
| 1997 | *Kandhei Aaakhire Luha* |  |  |
| 1998 | *Stree* |  |  |
| 1999 | *Pabitra Bandhan* |  |  |
| 2002 | *Sindura Nuhein Khela Ghara* |  |  |

## InfoBox

| Ravi Kinagi | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 19 October 1955
Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Occupation | film director |
| Years active | 1990–2021 |
| Notable work | *Annadata*
*I Love You*
*Premer Kahini*
*Paran Jai Jaliya Re*
*100% Love*
*Awara*
*Herogiri* |


title: Ravi Kant Garg

abstract: Ravi Kant Garg is a leader of Bharatiya Janata Party Garg and a former member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly representing Mathura. He was Minister of State in the BJP government in 1991 under chief ministership of Kalyan Singh. Yogi Adityanath government recently appointed him as head of an 11-member Uttar Pradesh Vyapari Kalyan Board.

text:
# Ravi Kant Garg

**Ravi Kant Garg** is a leader of Bharatiya Janata Party Garg and a former member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly representing Mathura (Assembly constituency). He was Minister of State in the BJP government in 1991 under chief ministership of Kalyan Singh. Yogi Adityanath government recently appointed him as head of an 11-member Uttar Pradesh Vyapari Kalyan Board.

## InfoBox

| Ravi Kant Garg | |
| --- | --- |
| Occupation | Politician |


title: Ravni Šort

abstract: Ravni Šort is a village in the municipality of Kuršumlija, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village had a population of 51.

text:
# Ravni Šort

**Ravni Šort** is a village in the municipality of Kuršumlija, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village had a population of 51.

43°01′49″N 21°17′05″E / 43.03028°N 21.28472°E / 43.03028; 21.28472

## InfoBox

| Ravni Šort Равни Шорт (Serbian) | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Ravni Šort | |
| Coordinates: 43°01′49″N 21°17′05″E / 43.03028°N 21.28472°E / 43.03028; 21.28472 | |
| Country | Serbia |
| District | Toplica District |
| Municipality | Kuršumlija |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 51 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Ray Jackendoff

abstract: Ray Jackendoff is an American linguist. He is professor of philosophy, Seth Merrin Chair in the Humanities and, with Daniel Dennett, co-director of the Center for Cognitive Studies at Tufts University. He has always straddled the boundary between generative linguistics and cognitive linguistics, committed to both the existence of an innate universal grammar and to giving an account of language that is consistent with the current understanding of the human mind and cognition. Jackendoff's research deals with the semantics of natural language, its bearing on the formal structure of cognition, and its lexical and syntactic expression. He has conducted extensive research on the relationship between conscious awareness and the computational theory of mind, on syntactic theory, and, with Fred Lerdahl, on musical cognition, culminating in their generative theory of tonal music. His theory of conceptual semantics developed into a comprehensive theory on the foundations of language, which indeed is the title of a monograph (2002): Foundations of Language. Brain, Meaning, Grammar, Evolution. In his 1983 Semantics and Cognition, he was one of the first linguists to integrate the visual faculty into his account of meaning and human language. Jackendoff studied under linguists Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he received his PhD in linguistics in 1969. Before moving to Tufts in 2005, Jackendoff was professor of linguistics and chair of the linguistics program at Brandeis University from 1971 to 2005. During the 2009 spring semester, he was an external professor at the Santa Fe Institute. Jackendoff was awarded the Jean Nicod Prize in 2003. He received the 2014 David E. Rumelhart Prize. He has also been granted honorary degrees by the Université du Québec à Montréal (2010), the National Music University of Bucharest (2011), the Music Academy of Cluj-Napoca (2011), the Ohio State University (2012), and Tel Aviv University (2013).

text:
# Ray Jackendoff

**Ray Jackendoff** (born January 23, 1945) is an American linguist. He is professor of philosophy, Seth Merrin Chair in the Humanities and, with Daniel Dennett, co-director of the Center for Cognitive Studies at Tufts University. He has always straddled the boundary between generative linguistics and cognitive linguistics, committed to both the existence of an innate universal grammar (an important thesis of generative linguistics) and to giving an account of language that is consistent with the current understanding of the human mind and cognition (the main purpose of cognitive linguistics).

Jackendoff's research deals with the semantics of natural language, its bearing on the formal structure of cognition, and its lexical and syntactic expression. He has conducted extensive research on the relationship between conscious awareness and the computational theory of mind, on syntactic theory, and, with Fred Lerdahl, on musical cognition, culminating in their generative theory of tonal music. His theory of conceptual semantics developed into a comprehensive theory on the foundations of language, which indeed is the title of a monograph (2002): *Foundations of Language. Brain, Meaning, Grammar, Evolution*. In his 1983 *Semantics and Cognition*, he was one of the first linguists to integrate the visual faculty into his account of meaning and human language.

Jackendoff studied under linguists Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he received his PhD in linguistics in 1969. Before moving to Tufts in 2005, Jackendoff was professor of linguistics and chair of the linguistics program at Brandeis University from 1971 to 2005. During the 2009 spring semester, he was an external professor at the Santa Fe Institute. Jackendoff was awarded the Jean Nicod Prize in 2003. He received the 2014 David E. Rumelhart Prize. He has also been granted honorary degrees by the Université du Québec à Montréal (2010), the National Music University of Bucharest (2011), the Music Academy of Cluj-Napoca (2011), the Ohio State University (2012), and Tel Aviv University (2013).

## Interfaces and generative grammar

Jackendoff argues against a syntax-centered view of generative grammar (which he calls *syntactocentrism*), at variance with earlier models such as the standard theory (1968), the extended standard theory (1972), the revised extended standard theory (1975), the government and binding theory (1981), and the minimalist program (1993), in which syntax is the sole generative component in the language. Jackendoff takes syntax, semantics, and phonology all to be generative, interconnected via interface components. The task of his theory is to formalize the proper interface rules.

While rejecting mainstream generative grammar due to its syntactocentrism, the cognitive semantics school has offered an insight that Jackendoff would sympathize with, namely, that meaning is a separate combinatorial system not entirely dependent upon syntax. Unlike many of the cognitive semantics approaches, he contends that neither syntax alone should determine semantics, nor vice versa. Syntax need only interface with semantics to the degree necessary to produce properly ordered phonological output (see Jackendoff 1996, 2002; Culicover & Jackendoff 2005).

## Contribution to musical cognition

Jackendoff, together with Fred Lerdahl, has been interested in the human capacity for music and its relationship to the human capacity for language. In particular, music has structure as well as a "grammar" (a means by which sounds are combined into structures). When a listener hears music in an idiom he or she is familiar with, the music is not merely heard as a stream of sounds; rather, the listener constructs an unconscious understanding of the music and is able to understand pieces of music never heard previously. Jackendoff is interested in what cognitive structures or "mental representations" this understanding consists of in the listener's mind, how a listener comes to acquire the musical grammar necessary to understand a particular musical idiom, what innate resources in the human mind make this acquisition possible and, finally, what parts of the human music capacity are governed by general cognitive functions and what parts result from specialized functions geared specifically for music (Jackendoff & Lerdahl, 1983; Lerdahl, 2001). Similar questions have also been raised regarding human language, although there are differences. For instance, it is more likely that humans evolved a specialized language module than having evolved one for music, since even the specialized aspects of music comprehension are tied to more general cognitive functions.

## Selected works

* Jackendoff, Ray (1972). *Semantic Interpretation in Generative Grammar*. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. pp. 400. ISBN 0-262-10013-4.
* Jackendoff, Ray (1977). *X-Bar Syntax: A Study of Phrase Structure*. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. pp. 248. ISBN 0-262-10018-5.
* Jackendoff, Ray (1983). *Semantics and Cognition*. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. pp. 283. ISBN 0-262-10027-4.
* Lerdahl, Fred; Ray Jackendoff (1983). *A Generative Theory of Tonal Music*. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. pp. 369. ISBN 0-262-12094-1.
* Jackendoff, Ray (1987). *Consciousness and the Computational Mind*. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. pp. 356. ISBN 0-262-10037-1.
* Jackendoff, Ray (1990). *Semantic Structures*. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. pp. 322. ISBN 0-262-10043-6.
* Jackendoff, Ray (1992). *Languages of the Mind: Essays on Mental Representation*. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. p. 200. ISBN 0-262-10047-9.
* Jackendoff, Ray (1993). *Patterns in the Mind: Language and Human Nature*. New York, NY: Harvester Wheatsheaf. p. 243. ISBN 0-7450-0962-X.
* Jackendoff, Ray (1997). *The Architecture of the Language Faculty*. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. pp. 262. ISBN 0-262-10059-2.
* Jackendoff, Ray (2002). *Foundations of Language: Brain, Meaning, Grammar, Evolution*. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 477. ISBN 0-19-827012-7.
* Culicover, Peter W.; Ray Jackendoff (2005). *Simpler syntax*. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 589. ISBN 0-19-927108-9.
* Jackendoff, Ray (2007). *Language, Consciousness, Culture: Essays on Mental Structure (Jean Nicod Lectures)*. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. pp. 403. ISBN 978-0-262-10119-6.
* Jackendoff, Ray (2010). *Meaning and the Lexicon: The Parallel Architecture 1975–2010*. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 504. ISBN 978-0-19-956888-8.
* Jackendoff, Ray (2012). *A User's Guide to Thought and Meaning*. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 274. ISBN 978-0-19-969320-7.

## InfoBox

| Ray Jackendoff | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1945-01-23) January 23, 1945 |
| Alma mater | MIT, Swarthmore |
| Awards | Fellow of the AAAS
Jean Nicod Prize (2003)
Rumelhart Prize (2014) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Generative grammar, cognitive science, music cognition |
| Institutions | Tufts, Brandeis |
| Doctoral advisor | Noam Chomsky |
| Notable students | Neil Cohn |
|  | |


title: Rawa (Mossi)

abstract: Rawa (Ra-wa) was the developer of the government of Mossi. He was titled one of the masters of war for his accomplishments as a conqueror. A son of Ouedraogo, he is one of the three siblings of the founders of the Mossi and the first citizens of Mossi. While his younger brother, Zoungrana, overlooked the city of Tenkodogo, and his other brother, Diaba Lompo, headed south and founded Gurmanche, Rawa traveled north to establish the city of Zandana.

text:
# Rawa (Mossi)

**Rawa** (Ra-wa) was the developer of the government of Mossi. He was titled one of the masters of war for his accomplishments as a conqueror. A son of Ouedraogo, he is one of the three siblings of the founders of the Mossi and the first citizens of Mossi. While his younger brother, Zoungrana, overlooked the city of Tenkodogo (which was at the time the only city of the Mossi), and his other brother, Diaba Lompo, headed south and founded Gurmanche (of the Nungu kingdom), Rawa traveled north to establish the city of Zandana.

* Djibril Tamsir Niane (1984). *Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century*. UNESCO. pp. 224–. ISBN 978-92-3-101710-0.
* Lawrence Rupley; Lamissa Bangali; Boureima Diamitani (2013). *Historical Dictionary of Burkina Faso*. Scarecrow Press. p. 182. ISBN 978-0-8108-8010-8.


title: Rawa, Lublin Voivodeship

abstract: Rawa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Michów, within Lubartów County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) north-west of Lubartów and 36 km (22 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin.

text:
# Rawa, Lublin Voivodeship

**Rawa** \[ˈrava\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Michów, within Lubartów County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) north-west of Lubartów and 36 km (22 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin.

## InfoBox

| Rawa | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Rawa | |
| Coordinates: 51°33′N 22°23′E / 51.550°N 22.383°E / 51.550; 22.383 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Lubartów |
| Gmina | Michów |
| Population | 242 |


title: Ray Frankowski

abstract: Raymond William Frankowski was a guard in the National Football League (NFL) and the All-America Football Conference (AAFC). As a collegian at the University of Washington, Frankowski was named a first team All-American as a junior in 1940 and was a consensus All-American as a senior in 1941.

text:
# Ray Frankowski

**Raymond William Frankowski** (September 14, 1919 – November 27, 2001) was a guard in the National Football League (NFL) and the All-America Football Conference (AAFC). As a collegian at the University of Washington, Frankowski was named a first team All-American as a junior in 1940 and was a consensus All-American as a senior in 1941.

## Biography

### Early years

Frankowski was born on September 14, 1919, in Chicago, Illinois, United States. He attended Hammond High School in Hammond, Indiana, where he was a star wrestler and football player. On the mat, Hammond was undefeated for three straight years, winning every match by pin within five minutes. On the gridiron he demonstrated superior skill as a lineman, helping lead the Hammond Wildcats to the Indiana state football championship during his 1937–38 senior year.

In the spring of 1938, Frankowski announced that he would be traveling west, entering the University of Washington, being joined in the journey to the Puget Sound by Hammond High teammate Herky Bereolos. Perhaps smoothing the transition was a promise of summertime employment on an Alaskan fishing trawler made to the two young Hoosier guards by a Husky alumnus and booster. The pair arrived in Seattle in mid-June, where they met with Washington head coach Jimmy Phelan — formerly the head coach at Purdue University and thus already well-familiar with the abilities of the Indiana high school champion linemen.

While at Washington Frankowski was again successful with his athletic pursuits, being twice named a member of the All-America team and winning a place on the school's fencing and wrestling teams.

## Professional football career

Frankowski was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the third round of the 1942 NFL draft, who used the 24th pick of the draft, and played that season with the team. Following his time with the Packers, he would play three seasons with the Los Angeles Dons of the All-America Football Conference.

## InfoBox

Ray Frankowski
| Frankowski in 1940 | |
| --- | --- |
| No. 15, 37 | |
| Position: | Guard |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1919-09-14)September 14, 1919
Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Died: | November 27, 2001(2001-11-27) (aged 82)
Laguna Niguel, California, U.S. |
| Height: | 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) |
| Weight: | 223 lb (101 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Hammond (IN) |
| College: | Washington |
| NFL draft: | 1942 / round: 3 / pick: 24 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL + AAFC statistics | |
| Games played: 42  Starts: 13 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Rasmussen

abstract: The surname Rasmussen is a Danish and Norwegian surname, meaning Rasmus' son. It is the ninth-most-common surname in Denmark, shared by about 1.9% of the population. People with this name include:

text:
# Rasmussen

The surname **Rasmussen** (Danish pronunciation: \[ˈʁɑsmusn̩\]) is a Danish and Norwegian surname, meaning *Rasmus' son*. It is the ninth-most-common surname in Denmark, shared by about 1.9% of the population.

People with this name include:

## Arts and language

## Military

* Phil Rasmussen (1918–2005), American military pilot stationed at Pearl Harbor during the 1941 Japanese attack
* Robert L. Rasmussen (born 1930), American military artist, former naval aviator
* Stefan G. Rasmussen (born 1947), Danish military and civilian pilot, known for SAS flight 751 crash-landing

## Politics and administration

## Science, engineering, and technology

## Sports

## Other


title: Rasmussen Global

abstract: Rasmussen Global (RG) is an international political consultancy firm, headquartered in Brussels and Copenhagen. The firm was founded by Anders Fogh Rasmussen in 2014 following his term as NATO Secretary General. The company provides strategic advice on issues regarding security policy, transatlantic relations, the European Union, energy, critical raw materials, and space. Rasmussen Global is listed as one of the best ranked specialist consultancies in Brussels.

text:
# Rasmussen Global

**Rasmussen Global (RG)** is an international political consultancy firm, headquartered in Brussels and Copenhagen. The firm was founded by Anders Fogh Rasmussen in 2014 following his term as NATO Secretary General. The company provides strategic advice on issues regarding security policy, transatlantic relations, the European Union, energy, critical raw materials, and space.

Rasmussen Global is listed as one of the best ranked specialist consultancies in Brussels.

## History

Rasmussen Global was founded in 2014 by the former Danish Prime Minister and NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen.

On 27 May 2016, Rasmussen became a non-staff advisor to President Petro Poroshenko of Ukraine and the firm worked on reform in Ukraine and its global positioning. Rasmussen has also put together a group of friends of Ukraine to help with the reform effort.

In April 2022, Fabrice Pothier became the new CEO of Rasmussen Global.

In June 2022, Anders Fogh Rasmussen was asked by Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy to co-chair an international working group on security guarantees for Ukraine together with Andriy Yermak, the head of the Office of the President of Ukraine. The resulting Kyiv Security Compact became the foundation of a G7 joint declaration on security guarantees co-signed by NATO allies at the 2023 NATO Summit in Vilnius. At the 2024 NATO Summit in Washington, the individual agreements negotiated between Ukraine and NATO allies were formalized in the Ukraine Compact.

## Current activities

Rasmussen Global advises both sovereign clients and business clients. They include the government of Japan, Taiwan, Armenia, and in 2019-2020 Albania. The company also advises various multinational firms working in energy, critical raw materials, finance, information technology, and space. Since June 2022, Rasmussen Global is also working on a pro-bono basis with the Office of the President of Ukraine.

## Organization

The company is headquartered in Copenhagen, Denmark and has offices in Brussels, Berlin, and Kyiv.

It is led by CEO Fabrice Pothier. Its Geopolitical Practice is led by Senior Director for Geopolitics Harry Nedelcu. Rasmussen Global includes a number of senior advisors with political background - Vice President and former Irish digital and Europe Minister Dara Murphy, \[\[former Ukrainian MP Olena Sotnyk, former Chief of Staff at the German Ministry of Defence Nico Lange, former Executive Secretary-General of the European External Action Service Pierre Vimont.

Official website

## InfoBox

Rasmussen Global
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Political Consultancy |
| Headquarters | Copenhagen, Denmark |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Anders Fogh Rasmussen (Founder)
Fabrice Pothier (CEO)
 |
| Website | rasmussenglobal.com |


title: Raymond Lee Newcomb

abstract: Raymond Lee Newcomb was an American naturalist, taxidermist, artist, and astronomer from Salem, Massachusetts. He was part of the Jeannette expedition and edited and co-authored Our Lost Explorers: the narrative of the Jeannette Arctic expedition as related by the survivors. The book incorporated material from his journal accounts of the expedition. He was to produce studies and bring home specimens from the ill-fated Arctic expedition.

text:
# Raymond Lee Newcomb

**Raymond Lee Newcomb** (December 31, 1849 – June 28, 1918) was an American naturalist, taxidermist, artist, and astronomer from Salem, Massachusetts. He was part of the *Jeannette* expedition and edited and co-authored *Our Lost Explorers: the narrative of the Jeannette Arctic expedition as related by the survivors*. The book incorporated material from his journal accounts of the expedition. He was to produce studies and bring home specimens from the ill-fated Arctic expedition.

## Biography

He and the other survivors were welcomed back to the United States after their Arctic expedition. In 1882, he gave a presentation to the Essex Institute. In 1883, he was scheduled to give a lecture on the expedition at Wellesley College with stereopticon images for illustration. A Congressional Set from 1884 catalogs various documents related to the expedition including statements by Newcomb. Newcomb's work included taxidermy to preserve specimens.

After his return from the Arctic expedition, he served as Salem's health officer. In 1893, he became secretary of the Salem Camera Club. In 1895, he wrote an article about photography and the expedition for *Anthony's Photographic Bulletin*. Edward Ellsberg wrote about Newcomb and the expedition in *Cruise of the Jeannette* published in 1949.


title: Rathcorbally

abstract: Rathcorbally is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 9.88 kilometres (6 mi) north–east of Mullingar. Rathcorbally is one of 11 townlands of the civil parish of Taghmon in the barony of Corkaree in the Province of Leinster. The townland covers 175 acres (0.71 km⁲). The neighbouring townlands are: Taghmon to the north, Balreagh to the east, Downs to the south, Monkstown to the west and Glebe to the north–west. In the 1911 census of Ireland there were 6 houses and 23 inhabitants in the townland.

text:
# Rathcorbally

**Rathcorbally** is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 9.88 kilometres (6 mi) north–east of Mullingar.

Rathcorbally is one of 11 townlands of the civil parish of Taghmon in the barony of Corkaree in the Province of Leinster. The townland covers 175 acres (0.71 km2).

The neighbouring townlands are: Taghmon to the north, Balreagh to the east, Downs to the south, Monkstown to the west and Glebe to the north–west.

In the 1911 census of Ireland there were 6 houses and 23 inhabitants in the townland.

## InfoBox

| Rathcorbally | |
| --- | --- |
| Townland | |
| RathcorballyLocation of Rathcorbally within County Westmeath in the Republic of Ireland | |
| Coordinates: 53°35′35″N 7°14′54″W / 53.59306°N 7.24833°W / 53.59306; -7.24833 | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Province | Leinster |
| County | County Westmeath |
| Irish grid reference | N498605 |


title: Resorts World Catskills

abstract: Resorts World Catskills is a hotel and casino located in Monticello, New York.

text:
# Resorts World Catskills

**Resorts World Catskills** is a hotel and casino located in Monticello, New York.

## History

It opened on February 8, 2018, and is owned and operated by Empire Resorts. It was built on the former site of the Concord Hotel. The property features 65,000 square feet (6,000 m2) of gaming space with 112 table games and over 2,150 slot machines, and an 18-story hotel tower with 332 suites.

The property was originally to be named **Montreign Resort Casino** but announced in April 2017 that it would instead license the Resorts World name from Genting Group, the majority owner of Empire Resorts.

In mid-2018, construction was begun on the Entertainment Village, a building next to the casino containing retail space, restaurants, and 105 hotel rooms. The project opened in December 2018 as **The Alder at Resorts World Catskills**.

In August 2019, an SEC filing indicated that Empire Resorts, the casino's parent company, was considering bankruptcy. During the period between the casino's February 2018 opening and June 2019, the company reported $211.5 million in losses. The *Times Herald-Record* asserted that the losses occurred "due to gross gaming revenues that lagged 45 percent below company projections in year-one alone, in a Northeast market over-saturated with gambling options".

41°39′26.9″N 74°38′48.8″W / 41.657472°N 74.646889°W / 41.657472; -74.646889

## InfoBox

| Resorts World Catskills
 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Monticello, New York, U.S. |
| Address | 888 Resorts World Drive |
| Opening date | February 8, 2018 (2018-02-08) |
| No. of rooms | 332 |
| Total gaming space | 65,000 sq ft (6,000 m2) |
| Casino type | Land-based |
| Owner | Empire Resorts |
| Architect | JCJ Architecture |
| Previous names | Montreign Resort Casino (in planning) |
| Website | rwcatskills.com |


title: Slurm Workload Manager

abstract:
The Slurm Workload Manager, formerly known as Simple Linux Utility for Resource Management (SLURM), or simply Slurm, is a free and open-source job scheduler for Linux and Unix-like kernels, used by many of the world's supercomputers and computer clusters. It provides three key functions:
  - allocating exclusive and/or non-exclusive access to resources to users for some duration of time so they can perform work,
  - providing a framework for starting, executing, and monitoring work, typically a parallel job such as Message Passing Interface (MPI) on a set of allocated nodes, and
  - arbitrating contention for resources by managing a queue of pending jobs. Slurm is the workload manager on about 60% of the TOP500 supercomputers. Slurm uses a best fit algorithm based on Hilbert curve scheduling or fat tree network topology in order to optimize locality of task assignments on parallel computers.

text:
# Slurm Workload Manager

The **Slurm Workload Manager**, formerly known as **Simple Linux Utility for Resource Management** (**SLURM**), or simply **Slurm**, is a free and open-source job scheduler for Linux and Unix-like kernels, used by many of the world's supercomputers and computer clusters.

It provides three key functions:

* allocating exclusive and/or non-exclusive access to resources (computer nodes) to users for some duration of time so they can perform work,
* providing a framework for starting, executing, and monitoring work, typically a parallel job such as Message Passing Interface (MPI) on a set of allocated nodes, and
* arbitrating contention for resources by managing a queue of pending jobs.

Slurm is the workload manager on about 60% of the TOP500 supercomputers.

Slurm uses a best fit algorithm based on Hilbert curve scheduling or fat tree network topology in order to optimize locality of task assignments on parallel computers.

## History

Slurm began development as a collaborative effort primarily by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, SchedMD, Linux NetworX, Hewlett-Packard, and Groupe Bull as a Free Software resource manager. It was inspired by the closed source Quadrics RMS and shares a similar syntax. The name is a reference to the soda in Futurama. Over 100 people around the world have contributed to the project. It has since evolved into a sophisticated batch scheduler capable of satisfying the requirements of many large computer centers.

As of November 2021, TOP500 list of most powerful computers in the world indicates that Slurm is the workload manager on more than half of the top ten systems.

## Structure

Slurm's design is very modular with about 100 optional plugins. In its simplest configuration, it can be installed and configured in a couple of minutes. More sophisticated configurations provide database integration for accounting, management of resource limits and workload prioritization.

## Features

Slurm features include:

* No single point of failure, backup daemons, fault-tolerant job options
* Highly scalable (schedules up to 100,000 independent jobs on the 100,000 sockets of IBM Sequoia)
* High performance (up to 1000 job submissions per second and 600 job executions per second)
* Free and open-source software (GNU General Public License)
* Highly configurable with about 100 plugins
* Fair-share scheduling with hierarchical bank accounts
* Preemptive and gang scheduling (time-slicing of parallel jobs)
* Integrated with database for accounting and configuration
* Resource allocations optimized for network topology and on-node topology (sockets, cores and hyperthreads)
* Advanced reservation
* Idle nodes can be powered down
* Different operating systems can be booted for each job
* Scheduling for generic resources (e.g. Graphics processing unit)
* Real-time accounting down to the task level (identify specific tasks with high CPU or memory usage)
* Resource limits by user or bank account
* Accounting for power consumption by job
* Support of IBM Parallel Environment (PE/POE)
* Support for job arrays
* Job profiling (periodic sampling of each task's CPU use, memory use, power consumption, network and file system use)
* Sophisticated multifactor job prioritization algorithms
* Support for MapReduce+
* Support for burst buffer that accelerates scientific data movement

The following features are announced for version 14.11 of Slurm, was released in November 2014:

* Improved job array data structure and scalability
* Support for heterogeneous generic resources
* Add user options to set the CPU governor
* Automatic job requeue policy based on exit value
* Report API use by user, type, count and time consumed
* Communication gateway nodes improve scalability

## Supported platforms

Slurm is primarily developed to work alongside Linux distributions, although there is also support for a few other POSIX-based operating systems, including BSDs (FreeBSD, NetBSD and OpenBSD). Slurm also supports several unique computer architectures, including:

* IBM BlueGene/Q models, including the 20 petaflop IBM Sequoia
* Cray XT, XE and Cascade
* Tianhe-2 a 33.9 petaflop system with 32,000 Intel Ivy Bridge chips and 48,000 Intel Xeon Phi chips with a total of 3.1 million cores
* IBM Parallel Environment
* Anton

## License

Slurm is available under the GNU General Public License v2.

## Commercial support

In 2010, the developers of Slurm founded SchedMD, which maintains the canonical source, provides development, level 3 commercial support and training services. Commercial support is also available from Bull, Cray, and Science + Computing (subsidiary of Atos).

## Usage

The \`slurm\` system has three main parts:

* a central \`slurmctld\` (slurm control) daemon running on a single control node (optionally with failover backups);
* many computing nodes, each with one or more \`slurmd\` daemons;
* clients that connect to the manager node, often with ssh.

The clients can issue commands to the control daemon, which would accept and divide the workload to the computing daemons.

For clients, the main commands are \`srun\` (queue up an interactive job), \`sbatch\` (queue up a job), \`squeue\` (print the job queue), \`scancel\` (remove a job from the queue).

Jobs can be run in batch mode or interactive mode. For interactive mode, a compute node would start a shell, connects the client into it, and run the job. From there the user may observe and interact with the job while it is running. Usually, interactive jobs are used for initial debugging, and after debugging, the same job would be submitted by \`sbatch\`. For a batch mode job, its \`stdout\` and \`stderr\` outputs are typically directed to text files for later inspection.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Slurm
|
|  |
| Developer(s) | SchedMD |
|  | |
| Stable release | www.schedmd.com/downloads.php |
|  | |
| Repository |  |
| Written in |  |
| Operating system | Linux, BSDs |
| Type | Job Scheduler for Clusters and Supercomputers |
| License | GNU General Public License |
| Website | slurm.schedmd.com |


abstract: The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway: The Finca Vigía Edition, is a posthumous collection of Ernest Hemingway's short fiction, published in 1987. It contains the classic First Forty-Nine Stories as well as 21 other stories and a foreword by his sons. Only a small handful of stories published during Hemingway's lifetime are not included in The First Forty-Nine. Five stories were written concerning the Spanish Civil War: "The Denunciation", "The Butterfly and the Tank", "Night Before Battle", "Under The Ridge", and "Nobody Ever Dies". Excepting "Nobody Ever Dies", these stories were collected in a posthumous 1969 volume with his play, entitled The Fifth Column and Four Stories of the Spanish Civil War. Chicote's bar and the Hotel Florida in Madrid are recurrent settings in these stories. In March 1951, Holiday magazine published two of Hemingway's short children's stories, "The Good Lion" and "The Faithful Bull". Two more short stories were to appear in Hemingway's lifetime: "Get A Seeing-Eyed Dog" and "A Man Of The World", both in the December 20, 1957 issue of the Atlantic Monthly. The seven unpublished stories included in The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway: The Finca Vigía Edition are "A Train Trip", "The Porter", "Black Ass at the Cross Roads", "Landscape with Figures", "I Guess Everything Reminds You of Something", "Great News from the Mainland", and "The Strange Country". In addition, this volume includes "An African Story", which was derived from the unfinished and heavily edited posthumous novel The Garden of Eden (1986), and two parts of the 1937 novel To Have And Have Not, "One Trip Across" and "The Tradesman's Return", in their original magazine versions. The collection is not, despite the title, complete. After Hemingway's suicide, Scribner put out a collection called The Nick Adams Stories (1972) which contains many old stories already collected in The First Forty-Nine as well as some previously unpublished pieces. From the new material, only "The Last Good Country" and "Summer People" are included in this volume. Hemingway's complete short fiction is collected in The Collected Stories (1995), published by Everyman's Library in the United Kingdom only and introduced by James Fenton. Eschewing the pieces collected in The Garden of Eden and To Have and Have Not, Fenton's collection includes all the pieces from The Nick Adams Stories as well as a number of pieces of juvenilia and pre-Paris stories.

text:
# The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway

***The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway: The Finca Vigía Edition***, is a posthumous collection of Ernest Hemingway's (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) short fiction, published in 1987. It contains the classic *First Forty-Nine Stories* as well as 21 other stories and a foreword by his sons.

Only a small handful of stories published during Hemingway's lifetime are not included in *The First Forty-Nine*. Five stories were written concerning the Spanish Civil War: "The Denunciation", "The Butterfly and the Tank", "Night Before Battle", "Under The Ridge", and "Nobody Ever Dies". Excepting "Nobody Ever Dies", these stories were collected in a posthumous 1969 volume with his play, entitled *The Fifth Column and Four Stories of the Spanish Civil War*. Chicote's bar and the Hotel Florida in Madrid are recurrent settings in these stories.

In March 1951, *Holiday* magazine published two of Hemingway's short children's stories, "The Good Lion" and "The Faithful Bull". Two more short stories were to appear in Hemingway's lifetime: "Get A Seeing-Eyed Dog" and "A Man Of The World", both in the December 20, 1957 issue of the *Atlantic Monthly*.

The seven unpublished stories included in *The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway: The Finca Vigía Edition* are "A Train Trip", "The Porter", "Black Ass at the Cross Roads", "Landscape with Figures", "I Guess Everything Reminds You of Something", "Great News from the Mainland", and "The Strange Country".

In addition, this volume includes "An African Story", which was derived from the unfinished and heavily edited posthumous novel *The Garden of Eden* (1986), and two parts of the 1937 novel *To Have And Have Not*, "One Trip Across" (*Cosmopolitan*, May 1934) and "The Tradesman's Return" (*Esquire*, February 1936), in their original magazine versions.

The collection is not, despite the title, complete. After Hemingway's suicide, Scribner put out a collection called *The Nick Adams Stories* (1972) which contains many old stories already collected in *The First Forty-Nine* as well as some previously unpublished pieces (much of it material that Hemingway clearly rejected). From the new material, only "The Last Good Country" (part of an unfinished novella) and "Summer People" are included in this volume. Hemingway's complete short fiction is collected in *The Collected Stories* (1995), published by Everyman's Library in the United Kingdom only and introduced by James Fenton. Eschewing the pieces collected in *The Garden of Eden* and *To Have and Have Not*, Fenton's collection includes all the pieces from *The Nick Adams Stories* as well as a number of pieces of juvenilia and pre-Paris stories.

## Part I: First Forty-Nine Stories

## Part II: Short Stories Published in Books or Magazines Subsequent to the *First Forty-Nine Stories*

* **From *To Have and Have Not***
    + One Trip Across (1934)
    + The Tradesman's Return (1936)
* **Uncollected stories published in Hemingway's lifetime**
    + The Denunciation (1938)
    + The Butterfly and the Tank (1938)
    + Night Before Battle (1939)
    + Under the Ridge (1939)
    + Nobody Ever Dies (1939)
    + The Good Lion (1951)
    + The Faithful Bull (1951)
    + Get a Seeing-Eyed Dog (1957)
    + A Man of the World (1957)
* **First published in *The Nick Adams Stories* (1972)**
    + Summer People
    + The Last Good Country
* **From *The Garden of Eden* (1986)**
    + An African Story

## Part III: Previously Unpublished Fiction

* A Train Trip
* The Porter
* Black Ass at the Crossroads
* Landscape with Figures
* I Guess Everything Reminds You of Something
* Great News from the Mainland
* The Strange Country

## InfoBox

The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway: The Finca Vigía Edition
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Ernest Hemingway |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Short story anthology |
| Publisher | Scribner |
| Publication date | 1987 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print |


title: Kanab Movie Fort

abstract:
The Kanab movie fort was a filming set near the current Kanab Municipal Airport in Kanab, Utah. The military fort is an 1800s-era recreation constructed for The Yellow Tomahawk. During the filming of The Apple Dumpling Gang Rides Again, much of the fort was destroyed by fire in a special effects sequence that grew out of control. Some of the fort remains in need of refurbishment. Films partially made at the set:
  - Fort Yuma (1955)
  - Tomahawk Trail (1957)
  - Fort Dobbs (1958)
  - Sergeants 3 (1962)
  - Daniel Boone TV series (1964)
  - Branded TV series (1965)
  - Duel at Diablo (1966)
  - The Plainsman (1966)
  - Cutter's Trail (1970)
  - One Little Indian (1973)
  - The Apple Dumpling Gang Rides Again (1979)

text:
# Kanab Movie Fort

The **Kanab movie fort** was a filming set near the current Kanab Municipal Airport in Kanab, Utah. The military fort is an 1800s-era recreation constructed for *The Yellow Tomahawk* (United Artists 1954). During the filming of *The Apple Dumpling Gang Rides Again*, much of the fort was destroyed by fire in a special effects sequence that grew out of control. Some of the fort remains in need of refurbishment.

Films partially made at the set:


title: E-ACT Royton and Crompton Academy

abstract: E-ACT Royton and Crompton Academy is a coeducational, secondary academy school for 11- to 16-year-olds in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester, England.

text:
# E-ACT Royton and Crompton Academy

**E-ACT Royton and Crompton Academy** is a coeducational, secondary academy school for 11- to 16-year-olds in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester, England.

## History

The school was formerly called Royton and Crompton School. In this incarnation it was judged Inadequate by Ofsted in 2017. The school became an academy as part of E-ACT in 2018. As of 2019, the headteacher is Andrea Atkinson. The previous headteacher before Andrea Atkinson was Neil Hutchinson who was the head teacher from September 2016 to December 2018

53°34′04″N 2°06′14″W / 53.5678°N 2.1038°W / 53.5678; -2.1038

## InfoBox

| E-ACT Royton and Crompton Academy | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Blackshaw Lane
Oldham, Greater Manchester, OL2 6NT
England | |
| Information | |
| Type | Academy |
| Motto | Honesty, Excellence, Aspiration |
| Local authority | Metropolitan Borough of Oldham |
| Department for Education URN | 146316 Tables |
| Ofsted | Reports |
| Headteacher | Andrea Atkinson |
| Gender | Co-educational |
| Age | 11 to 16 |
| Enrolment | 1115 |
| Website | E-Act Royton and Crompton Academy |


title: RC 4000 multiprogramming system

abstract: The RC 4000 Multiprogramming System is a discontinued operating system developed for the RC-4000 minicomputer in 1969. For clarity, this article mostly uses the term Monitor.

text:
# RC 4000 multiprogramming system

The **RC 4000 Multiprogramming System** (also termed **Monitor** or **RC 4000** depending on reference) is a discontinued operating system developed for the RC-4000 minicomputer in 1969. For clarity, this article mostly uses the term Monitor.

## Overview

The RC 4000 Multiprogramming System is historically notable for being the first attempt to break down an operating system into a group of interacting programs communicating via a message passing kernel. RC 4000 was not widely used, but was highly influential, sparking the microkernel concept that dominated operating system research through the 1970s and 1980s.

Monitor was created largely by one programmer, Per Brinch Hansen, who worked at Regnecentralen where the RC 4000 was being designed. Leif Svalgaard participated in implementing and testing Monitor. Brinch Hansen found that no existing operating system was suited to the new machine, and was tired of having to adapt existing systems. He felt that a better solution was to build an underlying kernel, which he referred to as the *nucleus*, that could be used to build up an operating system from interacting programs. Unix, for instance, uses small interacting programs for many tasks, transferring data through a system called *pipelines or pipes*. However, a large amount of fundamental code is integrated into the kernel, notably things like file systems and program control. Monitor would relocate such code also, making almost the entire system a set of interacting programs, reducing the kernel (nucleus) to a communications and support system only.

Monitor used a pipe-like system of shared memory as the basis of its inter-process communication (IPC). Data to be sent from one process to another was copied into an empty memory data buffer, and when the receiving program was ready, back out again. The buffer was then returned to the pool. Programs had a very simple application programming interface (API) for passing data, using an asynchronous set of four methods. Client applications send data with `send message` and could optionally block using `wait answer`. Servers used a mirroring set of calls, `wait message` and `send answer`. Note that messages had an implicit "return path" for every message sent, making the semantics more like a remote procedure call than Mach's completely input/output (I/O) based system.

Monitor divided the application space in two: *internal processes* were the execution of traditional programs, started on request, while *external processes* were effectively device drivers. External processes were handled outside of user space by the nucleus, although they could be started and stopped just like any other program. Internal processes were started in the context of the *parent* that launched them, so each user could effectively build up their own operating system by starting and stopping programs in their own context.

Scheduling was left entirely to the programs, if required at all (in the 1960s, computer multitasking was a feature of debatable value). One user could start a session in a pre-emptive multitasking environment, while another might start in a single-user mode to run batch processing at higher speed. Real-time scheduling could be supported by sending messages to a timer process that would only return at the appropriate time.

These two areas have seen the vast majority of development since Monitor's release, driving newer designs to use hardware to support messaging, and supporting threads within applications to reduce launch times. For instance, Mach required a memory management unit to improve messaging by using the copy-on-write protocol and mapping (instead of copying) data from process to process. Mach also used threading extensively, allowing the external programs, or *servers* in more modern terms, to easily start up new handlers for incoming requests. Still, Mach IPC was too slow to make the microkernel approach practically useful. This only changed when Jochen Liedtke's L4 microkernel demonstrated IPC overheads reduced by an order-of-magnitude.

## InfoBox

RC 4000 Multiprogramming System
| Developer | Regnecentralen |
| --- | --- |
| Working state | Discontinued |
| Initial release | 1969 (1969) |
| Marketing target | Research |
| Available in | English |
| Update method | Compile from source code |
| Platforms | RC 4000 |
| Kernel type | Microkernel |


abstract:
The following low-power television stations broadcast on digital or analog channel 20 in the United States:
  - K20AC-D in Alexandria, Minnesota
  - K20BP-D in Phillips County, Montana
  - K20BR-D in Gage, etc., Oklahoma
  - K20CN-D in Fortuna/Rio Dell, California
  - K20CV-D in Raton, New Mexico
  - K20DD-D in Albany, etc., Oregon
  - K20DE-D in Alturas/Likely, California
  - K20DN-D in Wichita Falls, Texas
  - K20EH-D in Hood River, Oregon
  - K20FR-D in Hawthorne, Nevada
  - K20FS-D in Peetz, Colorado
  - K20GG-D in Duncan, Arizona
  - K20GH-D in Milford, etc., Utah
  - K20GJ-D in Bloomington, Utah
  - K20GK-D in Pleasant Valley, Colorado
  - K20GQ-D in Las Vegas, New Mexico
  - K20GT-D in Indian Village, New Mexico
  - K20HA-D in Caballo, New Mexico
  - K20HB-D in Billings, Montana
  - K20HM-D in Idalia, Colorado
  - K20HT-D in Rockaway Beach, Oregon
  - K20ID-D in Kingman, Arizona
  - K20IJ-D in Wauneta, Nebraska
  - K20IR-D in Cottage Grove, Oregon
  - K20IT-D in Boise City, Oklahoma
  - K20IV-D in Baker City, etc., Oregon
  - K20JB-D in Hollis, Oklahoma
  - K20JD-D in Cherokee & Alva, Oklahoma
  - K20JE-D in Navajo Mtn. Sch., Etc., Utah
  - K20JF-D in Oljeto, Utah
  - K20JG-D in Salida, etc., Colorado
  - K20JL-D in Ellensburg, etc., Washington
  - K20JQ-D in Wells, Nevada
  - K20JS-D in Glasgow, Montana
  - K20JV-D in Overton, Nevada
  - K20JW-D in Jacks Cabin, Colorado
  - K20JX-D in Sacramento, California
  - K20JY-D in Olivia, Minnesota
  - K20JZ-D in Green River, Utah
  - K20KB-D in Huntington, Utah
  - K20KC-D in Mexican Hat, etc., Utah
  - K20KF-D in Davenport, Iowa
  - K20KG-D in Pasco, Washington
  - K20KJ-D in Bryan, Texas
  - K20KL-D in Drummond, Montana
  - K20KO-D in Julesburg, Colorado
  - K20KQ-D in Livingston, etc., Montana
  - K20KT-D in Dora, New Mexico
  - K20KU-D in Montpelier, Idaho
  - K20KV-D in Medford, Oregon
  - K20KW-D in Saint Cloud, Minnesota
  - K20LD-D in Ely, Nevada
  - K20LF-D in Wendover, Utah
  - K20LH-D in Ridgecrest, California
  - K20LK-D in Colstrip, etc., Montana
  - K20LL-D in Reedsport, Oregon
  - K20LP-D in St. James, Minnesota
  - K20LQ-D in Yakima, Washington
  - K20LT-D in Diamond Basin, Etc., Wyoming
  - K20MC-D in Pahrump, Nevada
  - K20MF-D in Orderville, Utah
  - K20MH-D in Duncan, Oklahoma
  - K20MJ-D in Milton-Freewater, Oregon
  - K20MK-D in Roseburg, Oregon
  - K20ML-D in Parks, etc., Arizona
  - K20MM-D in New Orleans, Louisiana
  - K20MN-D in Red Lake, Minnesota
  - K20MP-D in Lamar, Colorado
  - K20MQ-D in Rexburg, Idaho
  - K20MR-D in Garfield, etc., Utah
  - K20MS-D in Richfield, etc., Utah
  - K20MT-D in Mount Pleasant, Utah
  - K20MU-D in Bicknell, etc., Utah
  - K20MV-D in Koosharem, Utah
  - K20MW-D in Rural Sevier County, Utah
  - K20MX-D in Panguitch, etc., Utah
  - K20MY-D in Henriville, Utah
  - K20MZ-D in Mayfield, Utah
  - K20NA-D in Hatch, Utah
  - K20NB-D in Circleville, Utah
  - K20NC-D in Logan, Utah
  - K20ND-D in Summit County, Utah
  - K20NE-D in North Platte, Nebraska
  - K20NF-D in Seattle, Washington
  - K20NH-D in Brainerd, Minnesota
  - K20NI-D in Akron, Colorado
  - K20NJ-D in Elk City, Oklahoma
  - K20NK-D in Cedar City, Utah
  - K20NL-D in Grays River/Lebam, Washington
  - K20NM-D in Leamington, Utah
  - K20NN-D in Scipio, Utah
  - K20NP-D in Spring Glen, Utah
  - K20NQ-D in Orangeville, Utah
  - K20NR-D in International Falls, Minnesota
  - K20NT-D in McDermitt, Nevada
  - K20NU-D in Tabiona & Myton, Utah
  - K20NV-D in Fruitland, Utah
  - K20NW-D in Laughlin, Nevada
  - K20NX-D in Hilo, Hawaii
  - K20NZ-D in Garden Valley, Idaho
  - K20OB-D in Nephi, Utah
  - K20OC-D in El Dorado, Arkansas
  - K20OD-D in Valmy, Nevada
  - K20OE-D in Silt, Colorado
  - K20OF-D in Malad, Idaho
  - K20OG-D in Cortez, etc., Colorado
  - K20OH-D in Ardmore, Oklahoma
  - K20OL-D in Fort Smith, Arkansas
  - K20OM-D in Beaumont, Texas
  - K20OO-D in Ceres, California
  - K20PB-D in Williston, North Dakota
  - K20PC-D in Centerville, Texas
  - KABY-LD in Sioux Falls, South Dakota
  - KADF-LD in Austin, Texas
  - KBOP-LD in Dallas-Ft Worth, Texas
  - KBVK-LD in Spencer, Iowa
  - KBZC-LD in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
  - KCWF-LP in Las Cruces, New Mexico
  - KCWQ-LD in Palm Springs, California
  - KDNF-LD in Arvada, Colorado, uses KRMT's full-power spectrum
  - KEFN-CD in St. Louis, Missouri
  - KHPM-CD in San Marcos, Texas
  - KJCT-LP in Grand Junction, Colorado
  - KJNM-LD in Fayetteville, Arkansas
  - KLRA-CD in Little Rock, Arkansas
  - KMBA-LD in Austin, Texas
  - KMBD-LD in Minneapolis, Minnesota
  - KMBH-LD in McAllen, Texas
  - KNMQ-LD in Albuquerque, New Mexico
  - KOXI-CD in Portland, Oregon
  - KQRE-LD in Bend, Oregon
  - KRTX-LP in San Antonio, Texas
  - KSZG-LD in Aspen, Colorado
  - KTFT-LD in Twin Falls, Idaho
  - KTLE-LD in Odessa, Texas
  - KTMJ-CD in Topeka, Kansas
  - KTSH-CD in Shreveport, Louisiana
  - KUVM-CD in Missouri City, Texas
  - KWSM-LD in Santa Maria, California
  - KXFX-CD in Brownsville, Texas
  - KXTU-LD in Colorado Springs, Colorado
  - KZCZ-LD in College Station, Texas
  - KZSD-LP in San Diego, California
  - KZTN-LD in Boise, Idaho
  - KZUP-CD in Baton Rouge, Louisiana
  - W20AD-D in Williamsport, Pennsylvania
  - W20CP-D in Mansfield, Pennsylvania
  - W20CQ-D in Hempstead, New York
  - W20DF-D in Russellville, Alabama
  - W20DL-D in Macon, Georgia
  - W20DQ-D in Luquillo, Puerto Rico
  - W20DR-D in Humacao, Puerto Rico
  - W20DS-D in Caguas, Puerto Rico
  - W20DT-D in Vanderbilt, Michigan
  - W20DW-D in Clarksdale, Mississippi
  - W20DX-D in Panama City, Florida
  - W20DY-D in Roanoke, West Virginia
  - W20EH-D in Pownal, etc., Vermont
  - W20EI-D in Towanda, Pennsylvania
  - W20EK-D in Andrews, etc., North Carolina
  - W20EM-D in New Bern, North Carolina
  - W20EQ-D in Athens, Georgia
  - W20ER-D in Bangor, Maine
  - W20EU-D in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania
  - W20EV-D in Houghton Lake, Michigan
  - W20EW-D in Augusta, Georgia
  - W20EY-D in Wilmington, North Carolina
  - WANN-CD in Atlanta, Georgia
  - WBGH-CA in Binghamton, New York
  - WBII-CD in Holly Springs, Mississippi
  - WCGZ-LD in Lanett, Alabama
  - WDMC-LD in Charlotte, North Carolina
  - WDME-CD in Washington, D.C.
  - WDNN-CD in Dalton, Georgia
  - WFUN-LD in Miami, Florida, uses WLMF-LD's spectrum
  - WHDS-LD in Savannah, Georgia
  - WJJN-LD in Dothan, Alabama
  - WKBJ-LD in Live Oak, Florida
  - WKUT-LD in Bowling Green, Kentucky
  - WLMF-LD in Miami, Florida
  - WNGJ-LD in Ogdensburg, New York
  - WNYK-LD in Teaneck, New Jersey
  - WOCX-LD in Reddick, Florida
  - WOHZ-CD in Mansfield, Ohio
  - WOVA-LD in Parkersburg, West Virginia
  - WQAW-LD in Lake Shore, Maryland
  - WSHM-LD in Springfield, Massachusetts
  - WSWY-LD in Indianapolis, Indiana
  - WTCL-LD in Cleveland, Ohio
  - WTSN-CD in Evansville, Indiana
  - WWHC-LD in Olean, New York
  - WWME-CD in Chicago, Illinois
  - WZXZ-CD in Orlando, etc., Florida The following low-power stations, which are no longer licensed, formerly broadcast on digital or analog channel 20:
  - K10PB-D in Montezuma Creek/Aneth, Utah
  - K20BI-D in Nesika Beach, Oregon
  - K20CP-D in Elmo, Montana
  - K20ES in Pendleton, etc., Oregon
  - K20GP in Orangeville, Utah
  - K20GU in Ruidoso, etc., New Mexico
  - K20HO in Lawton, Oklahoma
  - K20HX in Beowawe, Nevada
  - K20HZ in Palm Springs, California
  - K20IA in Prescott, Arizona
  - K20IM-D in Barstow, California
  - K20KI-D in Rapid City, South Dakota
  - KADX-LP in Andrews, Texas
  - KAKH-LD in Lufkin, Texas
  - KAQC-LP in Atlanta, Texas
  - KEXT-CD in San Jose, California
  - KOKT-LP in Sulphur, Oklahoma
  - KSSY-LP in Arroyo Grande, California
  - KTUD-CD in Las Vegas, Nevada
  - KUAM-LP in Tamuning, Guam
  - W20CM in Port Jervis, New York
  - W20CY in Tifton, Georgia
  - WAZF-CD in Front Royal, Virginia
  - WCZC-LD in Augusta, Georgia
  - WDUE-LD in Eau Claire, Wisconsin
  - WDZA-LD in Wilmington, North Carolina
  - WOTH-CD in Cincinnati, Ohio
  - WPRU-LP in Aquadilla, Puerto Rico
  - WUVI-LD in West Lafayette, Indiana
  - WUWB-LD in West Branch, Michigan

text:
# Channel 20 low-power TV stations in the United States

The following low-power television stations broadcast on digital or analog channel 20 in the United States:

The following low-power stations, which are no longer licensed, formerly broadcast on digital or analog channel 20:

* K10PB-D in Montezuma Creek/Aneth, Utah
* K20BI-D in Nesika Beach, Oregon
* K20CP-D in Elmo, Montana
* K20ES in Pendleton, etc., Oregon
* K20GP in Orangeville, Utah
* K20GU in Ruidoso, etc., New Mexico
* K20HO in Lawton, Oklahoma
* K20HX in Beowawe, Nevada
* K20HZ in Palm Springs, California
* K20IA in Prescott, Arizona
* K20IM-D in Barstow, California
* K20KI-D in Rapid City, South Dakota
* KADX-LP in Andrews, Texas
* KAKH-LD in Lufkin, Texas
* KAQC-LP in Atlanta, Texas
* KEXT-CD in San Jose, California
* KOKT-LP in Sulphur, Oklahoma
* KSSY-LP in Arroyo Grande, California
* KTUD-CD in Las Vegas, Nevada
* KUAM-LP in Tamuning, Guam
* W20CM in Port Jervis, New York
* W20CY in Tifton, Georgia
* WAZF-CD in Front Royal, Virginia
* WCZC-LD in Augusta, Georgia
* WDUE-LD in Eau Claire, Wisconsin
* WDZA-LD in Wilmington, North Carolina
* WOTH-CD in Cincinnati, Ohio
* WPRU-LP in Aquadilla, Puerto Rico
* WUVI-LD in West Lafayette, Indiana
* WUWB-LD in West Branch, Michigan


title: Bellaspira amplicostata

abstract: Bellaspira amplicostata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Drilliidae.

text:
# Bellaspira amplicostata

***Bellaspira amplicostata*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Drilliidae.

## Description

The size of an adult shell varies between 6 mm and 9 mm.

*Bellaspira amplicostata* is a predator, and has a benthos functional group.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Caribbean Sea off Quintana Roo, Yucátan Peninsula, Mexico

## InfoBox

| *Bellaspira amplicostata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Drilliidae |
| Genus: | *Bellaspira* |
| Species: | ***B. amplicostata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Bellaspira amplicostata***<br>Fallon, 2016 | |
|


title: Dierks Lake

abstract: Dierks Lake is a reservoir 56 miles (90 km) down the Saline River, and 5 mi (8 km) from Dierks, Arkansas.

text:
# Dierks Lake

**Dierks Lake** is a reservoir 56 miles (90 km) down the Saline River, and 5 mi (8 km) from Dierks, Arkansas.

## Construction

The Flood Control Act approved July 3, 1958 authorized **Dierks Dam** for construction. The project was designed by the Tulsa District of the United States Army Corps of Engineers and constructed under their supervision. Construction of the project was started in June 1968 and embankment closure was made in May 1975. The dam is an earthen structure 48 feet (15 m) high.

## Purpose

The purposes of Dierks Lake are: flood control on the Saline River, recreation, water supply, and fish and wildlife conservation. As a part of the Little River Basin System the lake offers a high degree of flood protection to large areas of land both in the Little River Basin and the flood plain along the Red River.

Recreation on the lake is very popular. The 1,360-acre (6 km2) lake provides and enjoyable experience for the boating enthusiast. Dierks Lake is known for its wonderful bass and crappie fishing. It is also a great place for swimming and skiing. Fishing provides many hours of enjoyment for the visitors at Dierks Lake. The species most actively sought are: smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, spotted bass, crappie, channel catfish, flathead catfish, and the various species of sunfish. Most of the species found in the lake are also found in the downstream area. Picnicking areas are available at many of the sites on Dierks Lake. There are 4 reservable picnic areas, which are great for family reunions or holidays. The picnic shelters are lighted and equipped with barbecue grills and electricity. These shelters are located at Jefferson Ridge, Horseshoe Bend, and Dierks Overlook.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Dierks Lake | |
| --- | --- |
| Dierks Lake | |
| Location | Howard / Sevier counties, Arkansas, United States |
| Coordinates | 34°09′55″N 94°05′52″W / 34.1652°N 94.0977°W / 34.1652; -94.0977 |
| Type | reservoir |
| Primary inflows | Saline River |
| Primary outflows | Saline River |
| Basin countries | United States |


title: Die schöne Lurette

abstract: Die schöne Lurette is an East German film. It is an adaptation of the opéra comique Belle Lurette] by Jacques Offenbach. It was released in 1960, and sold 3,267,070 tickets.

text:
# Die schöne Lurette

***Die schöne Lurette*** is an East German film. It is an adaptation of the opéra comique *Belle Lurette\]* by Jacques Offenbach. It was released in 1960, and sold 3,267,070 tickets.

## InfoBox

| Die schöne Lurette | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Gottfried Kolditz |
| Written by |  |
| Release date | * 1960 (1960) |
| Country | East Germany |
| Language | German |


abstract: Die schönsten Melodien aus Derrick & Der Alte is a soundtrack compilation album released in 1979 by Frank Duval & Orchestra, celebrating two famous German TV series, Derrick and Der Alte.

text:
# Die schönsten Melodien aus Derrick & Der Alte

***Die schönsten Melodien aus Derrick & Der Alte*** is a soundtrack compilation album released in 1979 by Frank Duval & Orchestra, celebrating two famous German TV series, Derrick and Der Alte.

## Track listing

1. "Todesengel" – 4:30
2. "Me to You" – 3:08
3. "Ballade pour Adeline" – 2:35
4. "Sky Train" – 4:20
5. "Mandala" – 5:21
6. "Farewell" – 3:10
7. "Love" – 3:50
8. "Tyana" – 3:35
9. "Sorry to Leave You" – 2:02
10. "Tears" - 4:12
11. "Kalinas Melodie" - 3:25

## Personnel

## Credits

* Produced and Arranged by Frank Duval
* Engineered by Peter Floß

## InfoBox

| Die schönsten Melodien aus Derrick & Der Alte | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Frank Duval & Orchestra | |
| Released | 1979 |
| Genre | Pop music |
| Length | 40:23 |
| Label | Teldec |
| Producer | Frank Duval |
| Frank Duval & Orchestra chronology | |
| ***Die schönsten Melodien aus Derrick & Der Alte***
(1979) *Angel of Mine*
(1981) | |


title: Digital Dictator

abstract: Digital Dictator is the second studio album by the American heavy metal band Vicious Rumors, released in 1988 through Shrapnel Records and Roadrunner Records (Europe); a remastered edition was reissued in 2009. The is the first Vicious Rumors album to feature vocalist Carl Albert, who would stay in the band until his death in 1995.

text:
# Digital Dictator

***Digital Dictator*** is the second studio album by the American heavy metal band Vicious Rumors, released in 1988 through Shrapnel Records (United States) and Roadrunner Records (Europe); a remastered edition was reissued in 2009. The is the first Vicious Rumors album to feature vocalist Carl Albert, who would stay in the band until his death in 1995.

## Track listing

"Western Front" (side one)
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Replicant" (Instrumental) | Dave Starr, Mark McGee | 1:04 |
| 2. | "Digital Dictator" | Starr, Geoff Thorpe, McGee, Carl Albert | 3:17 |
| 3. | "Minute to Kill" | Thorpe, Albert, Larry Howe | 3:34 |
| 4. | "Towns on Fire" | Thorpe, Howe | 4:23 |
| 5. | "Lady Took a Chance" | Thorpe | 6:11 |

"Eastern Front" (side two)
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6. | "Worlds and Machines" | Thorpe, McGee, Howe | 5:30 |
| 7. | "The Crest" | Thorpe | 2:56 |
| 8. | "R.L.H." | Thorpe, Starr, McGee | 4:00 |
| 9. | "Condemned" | Thorpe, Albert, McGee | 3:53 |
| 10. | "Out of the Shadows" | Thorpe, McGee, Albert | 4:09 |
| Total length: | | | 38:57 |

## Personnel

Vicious Rumors * Carl Albert – lead vocals
* Geoff Thorpe – guitar, backing vocals
* Mark McGee – guitar, backing vocals, mandolin
* Dave Starr – bass, backing vocals
* Larry Howe – drums, backing vocals

Additional musicians * John Lavaysse – backing vocals
* Dino Alden – backing vocals

Production * Steve Fontano – producer, engineering, mixing
* Geoff Thorpe – cover concept, mixing, production
* Mark McGee – mixing
* Dave Starr – mixing
* George Horn – mastering
* Dino Alden – assistant engineering
* Guy Aitchison – cover art
* Steve Pollutro – logo
* Rocky Ball – photography
* Doug Troxell – photography, production management, sleeve design
* Rick Likong – photography
* John Umphrey – photography
* Stephanie Ball – photography
* Tim Gennert – remastering (reissue)

## InfoBox

| Digital Dictator | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover art by Guy Aitchison | |
| Studio album by Vicious Rumors | |
| Released | February 9, 1988 (1988-02-09) |
| Recorded | 1987 at Prairie Sun Recording Studios in Cotati, California |
| Genre | Heavy metal |
| Length | 38:57 |
| Label | Shrapnel |
| Producer | Steve Fontano, Geoff Thorpe |
| Vicious Rumors chronology | |
| *Soldiers of the Night*
(1985) ***Digital Dictator***
(1988) *Vicious Rumors*
(1990) | |


title: Digital Display Working Group

abstract: The Digital Display Working Group (DDWG) was a group whose purpose was to define and maintain the Digital Visual Interface standard, which was formed in 1998. It was organized by Intel, Silicon Image, Compaq, Fujitsu, HP, IBM, and NEC. The best-known published specification is the DVI interface. The group developed the Digital Visual Interface (DVI) standard in 1999. In 2011, founding member HP reported that the group had not met in 5 years.

text:
# Digital Display Working Group

The **Digital Display Working Group** (**DDWG**) was a group whose purpose was to define and maintain the Digital Visual Interface standard, which was formed in 1998. It was organized by Intel, Silicon Image, Compaq, Fujitsu, HP, IBM, and NEC. The best-known published specification is the DVI interface.

The group developed the Digital Visual Interface (DVI) standard in 1999.

In 2011, founding member HP reported that the group had not met in 5 years.


title: Diplozoidae

abstract: Diplozoidae is a family of monogeneans in the order Mazocraeidea. In all species of this family, the bodies of the two hermaphroditic members of a couple are permanently fused for life. These monogeneans are parasitic on the gills of freshwater fish.

text:
# Diplozoidae

**Diplozoidae** is a family of monogeneans in the order Mazocraeidea. In all species of this family, the bodies of the two hermaphroditic members of a couple are permanently fused for life. These monogeneans are parasitic on the gills of freshwater fish.

## Genera

## InfoBox

| Diplozoidae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Eudiplozoon nipponicum* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Platyhelminthes |
| Class: | Monogenea |
| Order: | Mazocraeidea |
| Family: | Diplozoidae<br>Palombi, 1949 |
|


title: Diplublephara

abstract: Diplublephara is a monotypic moth genus in the family Geometridae. Its only species, Diplublephara cornujuxta, is found in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Both the genus and the species were described by Sato in 1995.

text:
# Diplublephara

***Diplublephara*** is a monotypic moth genus in the family Geometridae. Its only species, ***Diplublephara cornujuxta***, is found in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Both the genus and the species were described by Sato in 1995.

## InfoBox

| *Diplublephara* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Subfamily: | Ennominae |
| Tribe: | Boarmiini |
| Genus: | ***Diplublephara***
Sato, 1995 |
| Species: | ***D. cornujuxta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Diplublephara cornujuxta***
Sato, 1995 | |
|


title: Diplozoon

abstract:
Diplozoon is a genus of flatworms belonging to the family Diplozoidae. The species of this genus are found in Europe. Species:
  - Diplozoon bileki Kritscher, 1991
  - Diplozoon kashmirensis Kaw, 1950
  - Diplozoon paradoxum von Nordmann, 1832

text:
# Diplozoon

***Diplozoon*** is a genus of flatworms belonging to the family Diplozoidae.

The species of this genus are found in Europe.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Diplozoon* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Diplozoon paradoxum* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Platyhelminthes |
| Class: | Monogenea |
| Order: | Mazocraeidea |
| Family: | Diplozoidae |
| Genus: | *Diplozoon*<br>von Nordmann, 1832 |
|


title: Diplozoon paradoxum

abstract: Diplozoon paradoxum is a flatworm (platyhelminth) from the class Monogenea. It is found in freshwater fishes in Asia and Europe and known for its complete monogamy. This parasite is commonly found on the gills of European cyprinid fishes. It is usually around 0.7 centimeters long and has bilateral symmetry. It has several hooks at its mouth which it uses to grab on to the gills of a fish. From there it feeds on the blood of the cyprinid. They exhibit strong seasonal variation in their reproductive activity. Unlike most parasites that produce gametes all year, D. paradoxum gametes are produced primarily during the spring, with the highest production from May to June and continuing through the rest of the summer. The eggs are laid in a freshwater fish's gills. There it hatches into a larval stage. It remains in that stage unless two larvae come together. Then the two larvae undergo metamorphosis and become fused.

text:
# Diplozoon paradoxum

***Diplozoon paradoxum*** is a flatworm (platyhelminth) from the class Monogenea. It is found in freshwater fishes in Asia and Europe and known for its complete monogamy. This parasite is commonly found on the gills of European cyprinid fishes. It is usually around 0.7 centimeters long (approximately the size of a fingernail) and has bilateral symmetry. It has several hooks at its mouth which it uses to grab on to the gills of a fish. From there it feeds on the blood of the cyprinid.

They exhibit strong seasonal variation in their reproductive activity. Unlike most parasites that produce gametes all year, *D. paradoxum* gametes are produced primarily during the spring, with the highest production from May to June and continuing through the rest of the summer. The eggs are laid in a freshwater fish's gills. There it hatches into a larval stage (oncomiracidium, diporpa). It remains in that stage unless two larvae come together. Then the two larvae undergo metamorphosis and become fused.

## Life cycle

The life cycle of *D. paradoxum* is unique. A diporpa larva can live for several months, but it cannot develop further until encountering another diporpa; unless this happens, the diporpa usually dies. When one diporpa finds another, each attaches its sucker to the dorsal papilla of the other. The two worms fuse completely, with no trace of separating partitions. The fusion stimulates maturation. Gonads appear; the male genital duct of one terminates near the female genital duct of the other, permitting cross-fertilization. Two more pairs of clamps develop in the opisthaptor (the attachment organ) of each. Adults can apparently live in this state for several years.

According to *The New York Times*:

> Diplozoon paradoxum \[is\] a flatworm that lives in gills of freshwater fish. "Males and females meet each other as adolescents, and their bodies literally fuse together, whereupon they remain faithful until death," Dr. \[David P.\] Barash said. "That's the only species I know of in which there seems to be 100 percent monogamy."

## InfoBox

| *Diplozoon paradoxum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Platyhelminthes |
| Class: | Monogenea |
| Order: | Mazocraeidea |
| Family: | Diplozoidae |
| Genus: | *Diplozoon* |
| Species: | ***D. paradoxum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Diplozoon paradoxum***<br>von Nordmann, 1832 | |
|


title: Diplous californicus

abstract: Diplous californicus is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Diplous californicus

***Diplous californicus*** is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2017). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 1: Archostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-33029-0.

## InfoBox

| *Diplous californicus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Diplous* |
| Species: | ***D. californicus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Diplous californicus***<br>(Motschulsky, 1844) | |
|


title: Diogène Maillart

abstract: Diogène Ulysse Napoléon Maillart was a French painter, illustrator, designer, teacher and art critic.

text:
# Diogène Maillart

**Diogène Ulysse Napoléon Maillart** (28 October 1840 – 3 August 1926) was a French painter, illustrator, designer, teacher and art critic.

## Biography

He was born in Lachaussée-du-Bois-d'Écu. His first art lessons were at the "Imperial School of Design" (a government-sponsored craft school). Later, he studied at the École des Beaux-arts in the workshop of Léon Cogniet. He won the Prix de Rome in 1864, aged only twenty-three.

After returning from Rome in 1869, he was appointed a Professor of drawing at the Gobelins Manufactory, a position he occupied for fifty years. From 1873 to 1877, he was the Inspector of art works. He exhibited in the Salon every year until his death in 1926 in Paris.

After the founding of the Third Republic, he was involved in the decoration of several public buildings, including murals for Saint-Augustin Church (which had been started during the Second Empire), ceiling and staircase decorations for the Town Hall in the 3rd arrondissement and ornaments in the Bon Marché (now gone).

At the request of Prince Von Donnersmarck and his wife (known as "La Païva"), Maillart decorated the ceiling of Schloss Neudeck in Upper Silesia. The building was burned by the Red Army in 1945 and the ruins were demolished in 1961. A series of murals he created for the City Hall in Beauvais also fared poorly; being destroyed by German bombs in 1940.

In addition to his painting, he was also a prolific author, writing a work on Byzantine art and a general history of the fine arts, in two volumes (among others). He became a knight in the Légion d’honneur in 1885. His grave in the Cimetière du Montparnasse is adorned with a bust sculpted by Henri-Léon Gréber.

## Selected paintings

## Further reading

* Catherine Thieblin, *Diogène Maillart. Sa vie (1840-1926), son œuvre, à Paris, en Ile-de-France et dans le Beauvaisis*, Association pour la Promotion du Patrimoine local de l’Oise et du Beauvaisis, 2012 ISBN 2-954323-60-4


title: Diopecephalus

abstract: Diopecephalus is a genus of pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Lower Tithonian of the Lithographic Limestone, Bavaria, Germany. The type and only species is D. kochi, although the name has been applied to Pterodactylus longicollum, with longicollum erroneously listed as the type species.

text:
# Diopecephalus

***Diopecephalus*** is a genus of pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Lower Tithonian (Upper Jurassic) of the Lithographic Limestone, Bavaria, Germany. The type and only species is *D. kochi*, although the name has been applied to *Pterodactylus longicollum*, with *longicollum* erroneously listed as the type species.

## Assigned species

Like many pterosaurs, it has had a confusing taxonomic history, being given names by various authorities which identify it with four other genera:

* *Pterodactylus longicollum* (von Meyer 1854)
* *Pterodactylus vulturinus* (Wagner 1857)
* *Pterodactylus longicollis* (Wagner 1858)
* *Pterodactylus suevicus* (Fraas 1878)
* *Cycnorhamphus fraasii* (Seeley 1891)
* *Pterodactylus frassi* (Seeley 1901)
* *Gallodactylus longicollum* (Fabre 1974)
* *Ornithocephalus longipes* (Olshevsky 1978) (*Ornithocephalus* is an obsolete name for *Pterodactylus*)
* *Ornithocephalus vulturinus* (Olshevsky 1978)

In 2017, Steven U. Vidovic and David M. Martill resurrected the genus *Diopecephalus* for *Pterodactylus kochi*, a taxon generally regarded as synonymous with *Pterodactylus antiquus.* Though historically considered distinct from *antiquus*, most modern analyses of *kochi* anatomy strongly suggest it represents a juvenile *P. antiquus.* Pterosaur expert Christopher Bennett noted that some allegedly diagnostic *kochi* anatomy actually reflected measurement errors of the *kochi* holotype, and that once corrected the two species cannot be adequately distinguished from one another. Vidovic and Martill's suggestion that *kochi* is taxonomically distinct rely on a combination of characteristics rather than autapomorphies, including features such as the slope of the snout and the rounded shape of the back of the skull, the shape and distribution of teeth, and the length and depth of the cervical vertebrae. Most of these features are typical for *Pterodactylus* or are known to vary with growth stage and, as per Vidovic and Martill's previous work with another resurrected *Pterodactylus*-like genus, *Aerodactylus*, arguments discounting individual variation and preservational factors (e.g., specimen orientation, compression) from true taxonomic distinction were not provided. Further work is likely needed to validate *D. kochi* as a genuine taxon, and not a synonym of *P. antiquus*.

## Classification

Below is a cladogram showing the results of a phylogenetic analysis presented by Andres, Clark & Xu, 2014. In the analysis, they identified *Diopecephalus* as *Pterodactylus kochi*, and sister taxon of *Pterodactylus antiquus* within the clade Euctenochasmatia.

* von Meyer, C. E. H. 1854, Letter on various fossils. N. Jb. Miner. Geogn. Geol. Petrefakt. pp. 47–58.
* Wagner, J. A. 1857, Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Flugsaurier aus den lithographischen Schiefern in Bayern. Gelehrte Anz. k. bayer. Akad. Wiss. (2), 171–181.
* Seeley, H. G. 1871, Additional evidence of the structure of the head in ornithosaurs from the Cambridge Upper Greensand; being a supplement to “The Ornithosauria”. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist.(7) 37, 20–36. & pls 2–3.
* Seeley, H. G. 1891, The ornithosaurian pelvis. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 7, 237–255.

The Pterosaur Database

## InfoBox

| *Diopecephalus*
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Fossil in Augsburg Naturmuseum | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Order: | Pterosauria |
| Suborder: | Pterodactyloidea |
| *Clade*: | Euctenochasmatia |
| Genus: | *Diopecephalus*
Seeley, 1871 |
|
| Species | |
| * ***D. kochi*** (type) (Wagner, 1837 (originally *Ornithocephalus*) | |


title: Dimick B. Huntington

abstract: Dimick Baker Huntington was a leading Indian interpreter in early Utah Territory. He commissioned a 22-foot-long missionary panorama of C. C. A. Christensen to use in his presentations of the gospel to the Native Americans in 1871. That missionary panorama is housed in the Church History Museum of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

text:
# Dimick B. Huntington

**Dimick Baker Huntington** (May 26, 1808 – February 1, 1879) was a leading Indian interpreter in early Utah Territory. He commissioned a 22-foot-long missionary panorama of C. C. A. Christensen to use in his presentations of the gospel to the Native Americans in 1871. That missionary panorama is housed in the Church History Museum of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

## Biography

Huntington was the son of William and Zina Baker Huntington. He was born at Watertown, Jefferson County, New York. Huntington married Fanny Marie Allen on April 28, 1830, they eventually had seven children. Huntington was baptized into the Church of the Latter Day Saints on August 1, 1835, the same year as his parents.

Huntington first enters the annals of Mormon history as the first to see Joseph Smith land in Illinois after his escape from jail in Missouri. Huntington also took Smith the four miles distance to the house where Emma Smith was staying. In March 1841, Huntington was appointed one of the constables of Nauvoo, Illinois. In October 1841, Huntington brought the testimony that led to the excommunication of John A. Hicks, the elders quorum president in Nauvoo, for falsehood and schismatic conversation.

In 1842, Huntington was made coroner of Nauvoo. After Joseph Smith's death, Huntington was among those who prepared Joseph and Hyrum Smith's bodies for burial and buried them in a secret location underneath the Nauvoo House.

Huntington was a member of the Mormon Battalion. His family had come with him and they went to Pueblo, Colorado. One of Fanny's children was born there on January 1, 1847.

Huntington was one of the members of Parley P. Pratt's company that explored southern Utah in 1849. Huntington was also among the first settlers of Provo, Utah.

Huntington was the first Indian interpreter in Utah Territory. In 1855, he negotiated a peace with the Utes in the vicinity of Fillmore, Utah.

In 1857, Huntington was closely associated with teaching the gospel to many Native Americans, and kept a journal of his activities. Among other things he recorded Brigham Young ordaining Tutsegabit an elder on September 10, 1857. In 1868, Huntington was among those who negotiated the end of Utah's Black Hawk War.

He commissioned a 22-foot-long missionary panorama of C. C. A. Christensen, showing Bible and Book of Mormon scenes to the Native Americans in 1871. In 1873, missionaries under the leadership of George Washington Hill baptized about 100 Shoshone. Speaking to the Indians in their own language, Hill showed the missionary panorama and taught about the Bible and Book of Mormon. The Shoshone then settled on farmland north of Tremonton, Utah. The Indians later moved north to southern Idaho and named the new community Washakie, after a Shoshone chief.

In 1874, Huntington ordained Kanosh an elder in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Huntington worked as a blacksmith and was also drum-major of the Nauvoo Legion band. He later held a similar position with a band in Salt Lake City.

For the last several years of his life, Huntington served as patriarch of the Salt Lake Stake.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Dimick B. Huntington | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | May 26, 1808 |
| Died | February 1, 1879 |
| Occupation | Interpreter |
| Spouse | Fanny Marie Allen |
| Children | 7 |
| Father | William Huntington |
|  | |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/branch | United States Army
Nauvoo Legion |
| Unit | **Army** **Nauvoo Legion**
* Nauvoo Legion Band |
| Battles/wars | Mexican-American War |
|  | |


title: Dimick

abstract:
Dimick may refer to:
  - Horace Dimick, gunmaker and firearms dealer active in St. Louis, Missouri from 1849 through the early 1870s
  - Mary Lord Dimick (1858–1948), the second wife of the 23rd United States president Benjamin Harrison
  - Cecil I. and Mildred H. Dimick House at 575 West 800 North in Orem, Utah, United States, built in 1946
  - Dimick B. Huntington (1808–1879), leading Indian interpreter in early Utah Territory
  - Dimick Peaks, two peaks at the south side of the mouth of Dale Glacier in Victoria Land, Antarctica
  - Alice M. Dimick (1878–1956), American mathematician with PhD from University of Pennsylvania.

text:
# Dimick

**Dimick** may refer to:

* Horace Dimick, gunmaker and firearms dealer active in St. Louis, Missouri from 1849 through the early 1870s
* Mary Lord Dimick (1858–1948), the second wife of the 23rd United States president Benjamin Harrison
* Cecil I. and Mildred H. Dimick House at 575 West 800 North in Orem, Utah, United States, built in 1946
* Dimick B. Huntington (1808–1879), leading Indian interpreter in early Utah Territory
* Dimick Peaks, two peaks at the south side of the mouth of Dale Glacier in Victoria Land, Antarctica
* Alice M. Dimick (1878–1956), American mathematician with PhD from University of Pennsylvania.


title: Diplotaxis connata

abstract: Diplotaxis connata is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Diplotaxis connata

***Diplotaxis connata*** is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2006). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 3: Scarabaeoidea - Scirtoidea - Dascilloidea - Buprestoidea - Byrrhoidea*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-30914-2.

## InfoBox

| *Diplotaxis connata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Scarabaeidae |
| Genus: | *Diplotaxis* |
| Species: | ***D. connata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Diplotaxis connata***<br>Schaeffer, 1905 | |
|


title: Diplotaxis antoniensis

abstract: Diplotaxis antoniensis is a species of flowering plants of the family Brassicaceae. The species is endemic to Cape Verde. It is listed as a vulnerable plant by the IUCN.

text:
# Diplotaxis antoniensis

***Diplotaxis antoniensis*** is a species of flowering plants of the family Brassicaceae. The species is endemic to Cape Verde. It is listed as a vulnerable plant by the IUCN.

## Distribution and ecology

*Diplotaxis antoniensis* is restricted to the island of Santo Antão. It occurs between 1,100 and 1,500 metres elevation in arid, semi-arid and sub-humid zones. It is found on mountain slopes, in stony plains and in cultivated fields, where it is considered as a weed.

## InfoBox

| *Diplotaxis antoniensis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Brassicales |
| Family: | Brassicaceae |
| Genus: | *Diplotaxis* |
| Species: | ***D. antoniensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Diplotaxis antoniensis***
Rustan | |
|