title: Rogue Valley Transportation District

abstract: Rogue Valley Transportation District is a transportation district serving the greater Jackson County, Oregon area. The district serves the cities of Medford, Ashland, White City, Phoenix, Talent, Jacksonville, and Central Point. The district also provides paratransit services to older adults and people with disabilities within its route coverage area. The Rogue Valley Transportation District (RVTD) was established May 6, 1975 upon the passing of a special election measure allowing the county to establish a transportation district funded by Oregon tax dollars. Two years later after considerable planning and procurement of funding, the first transit buses took the streets of Medford, with service beginning in July 1977.

text:
# Rogue Valley Transportation District

**Rogue Valley Transportation District** is a transportation district serving the greater Jackson County, Oregon area. The district serves the cities of Medford, Ashland, White City, Phoenix, Talent, Jacksonville, and Central Point. The district also provides paratransit services to older adults and people with disabilities within its route coverage area.

The Rogue Valley Transportation District (RVTD) was established May 6, 1975 upon the passing of a special election measure allowing the county to establish a transportation district funded by Oregon tax dollars. Two years later after considerable planning and procurement of funding, the first transit buses took the streets of Medford, with service beginning in July 1977.

## History

The need for creating RVTD arose when its predecessor, a private company named Mount Ashland Stage Lines, went bankrupt and ceased operating in 1974 after having served the Rogue Valley since 1965. Area voters approved the creation of a new public transit district in 1975, but funding for operations was not included, and subsequent requests for authorization of a property-tax increase to fund the service were rejected at the ballot box. The district's board scaled back the original plans by about 35 percent before finally gaining voter approval of operations funding. The service that was inaugurated in July 1977, initially operating under the name, *Rogue Rapids Transit*, comprised just three buses serving six routes. Initial ridership on the fledgling system was better than expected, prompting the city of Medford to agree to purchase three vans for RVTD's use, which were used for a new shuttle service in the downtown area starting in November 1977. The district's bus fleet has since grown to 20 vehicles.

## Service Information

RVTD currently operates 13 bus routes through the cities of Medford, Ashland, Central Point, Jacksonville, Phoenix, Talent and White City with aspirations to add more in the coming future. All buses run Monday through Saturday. RVTD provides no service on Sundays or Holidays. Most bus routes begin and terminate at the Front Street Transfer Center located at Front Street between 8th and 10th Street in Downtown Medford. The Greyhound Station is also located here.

### Bus Routes (list incomplete)

* Route 2 West Medford \- Serves the West Medford area including Oakdale, Columbus, and Stewart avenues as well as a small stretch of Jacksonville Highway. Major businesses and locations served by this route include Bi-Mart, Black Bird, Medford City Hall, the City of Medford Police Station, the Jackson County Courthouse, Sherm's Thunderbird, and Albertson's Shopping Center. Weekdays, the first bus leaves Front Street Station at 6:00 AM with service once every thirty minutes until 8:00pm. On Saturday, the first bus leaves Front Street Station at 7:00am with service every hour until 6:00pm.
* Route 10 Ashland \- Serves the cities of Medford, Phoenix, Talent, and Ashland including but not limited to the South Gateway Shopping Center, the Harry and David Country Village, Bear Creek Operations Inc. (aka. Harry and David Operations Inc.), Ray's Food Place, the Ashland Plaza / Lithia Park, Southern Oregon University, as well as countless other businesses throughout the four cities. Weekdays, the first bus leaves Front Street Station at 5:00 AM with the last bus leaving at 8:00 PM. Buses depart every 30 minutes before 7:00am and after 5:00pm. Between 7:00am and 5:00pm buses depart every 20 minutes. On Saturday, the first bus leaves Front Street Station at 7:00am with service every hour until 6:00pm.
* Route 24 Rogue Valley Medical Center (formerly known as Route 4) - Serves Barnett road and S. Central/Riverside in Medford, including WinCo Foods, the Rogue Valley Medical Center (RVMC), as well as several businesses, medical offices, and residences surrounding the southeast Medford area. Weekdays, the first bus leaves Front Street Station at 6:00 AM, the last bus leaving at 8:00PM with service every 30 minutes. On Saturday, the first bus leaves Front Street Station at 7:30am with service every hour until 5:30pm.
* Route 25 SW Medford \- Serves Jackson County Offices and South Medford High School. Weekdays, the first bus leaves Front Street Station at 6:00am with hourly service until the last bus leaving at 8:00pm. On Saturday, the first bus leaves Front Street Station at 7:00am with hourly service until the last bus leaving at 6:00pm.
* Route 30 Jacksonville \- Serves the city of Jacksonville and the west Medford Area via W. Jackson St. This includes Columbus Ave, Jacksonville Hwy, and downtown Jacksonville. The first bus leaves Front Street Station at 6:30AM with the last bus leaving at 7:30PM with service every hour. On Saturday, the first bus leaves Front Street Station at 7:30am with service every hour until the last bus leaving at 5:30pm.
* Route 40 Central Point \- Serves the cities of Medford and Central Point including Riverside and Central Avenues, the Rogue Valley Mall, Table Rock, Merriman, Bursell, and Hopkins Roads, downtown Central Point, and Crater High School. Weekdays, the first bus leaves Front Street Station at 6:00 AM with the last bus leaving at 8:00PM with service once every thirty minutes. On Saturday, the first bus leaves Front Street Station at 7:00am with service every hour until 6:00pm.
* Route 60 White City \- Serves the cities of Medford and White City via Crater Lake Ave and Crater Lake Hwy (Rt 62). It serves Providence Medical Center, Wal-Mart, Costco, North Medford (via Delta Waters Rd), as well as the Veteran's Affairs Domiciliary / Veteran's Hospital. Weekdays, the first bus leaves Front Street Station at 5:00 AM with the last bus leaving at 8:00 PM with service once every thirty minutes. On Saturday, the first bus leaves Front Street Station at 7:30am with service every hour until 5:30pm.
* Route 61 Table Rock Road \- Serves Biddle Rd. and Poplar Square shopping areas, the Airport, Table Rock Rd., the Rogue Community College (RCC) Table Rock Campus and the Cascade Shopping Center. Service on Route 61 is from 6:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. leaving hourly from Front Street Station, Monday through Friday and 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Saturdays.

### Connecting Services

### Valley Lift Paratransit

The Rogue Valley Transportation District operates paratransit service known as Valley Lift. It is offered to senior citizens, people of physical or mental disability, or people who are unable to utilize fixed route buses for other reasons. Service is limited to areas which are no more than 3/4 of a mile by air from any fixed bus route. Such can be seen in their system map. People wishing to utilize the service must apply with RVTD after establishing their eligibility for Valley Lift.

## Fares

There are various methods to pay fares on RVTD buses. The most popular is cash; however, prepaid options are available. These options include tokens, day passes, monthly passes, as well as punch cards for 20 rides each. Passes, tokens, and punch cards can be purchased at any three of these locations:

* Front St. Station at 200 S. Front St. in Medford
* RVTD Administration Offices located at 3200 Crater Lake Ave. in Medford
* City of Ashland Utilities Office at 20 E. Main St.

### Cash Fares

> **Cash Fares**
> | Fare Type | Description | Price |
> | --- | --- | --- |
> | Full Fare | Fare for adults (18 to 61) traveling anywhere in the district | $2.00 |
> | Reduced Fare | Fare for juniors (17-), seniors (62+), and people of disability 1 | $1.00 |
> | Transfers | Allow for reboarding of RVTD buses for 90 minutes 2 | Free |

1. Some individuals may be required to furnish proof of age or a valid Valley Lift ID.

2. Transfers may be used any number of times within the 90-minute timeframe. People holding transfers which have been modified or mutilated in any way may be required to pay a second fare.

### Passes and Tokens

> *Passes and Tokens*
> | Prepaid Type | Description | Price
(Effective 1st Feb, 2011) |
> | --- | --- | --- |
> | 1 Month Pass
(Full Fare) | All-month travel pass for adults (18 to 61) valid anywhere in the coverage area | $56.00 |
> | 1 Month Pass
(Reduced Fare) | All-month travel pass for juniors (17-), seniors (62+), and people with disabilities2 | $28.00 |
> | 20 Ride Punch-Card
(Full Fare) | Covers 20 boardings and is valid throughout the coverage area 1 | $32.00 |
> | 20 Ride Punch-Card
(Reduced Fare) | Covers 20 boardings per card, valid for juniors (17-), seniors (62+) and people with disabilities 1,2 | $16.00 |
> | 10 pack Tokens
(Full Fare) | Covers 1 boarding per token, valid anywhere in the coverage area 1 | $20.00 |
> | 10 pack Tokens
(Reduced Fare) | Covers 1 boarding per token for juniors (17-), seniors (62+), and people with disabilities1,2 | $10.00 |

1. Usage of one boarding with the noted methods entitles the user to a free 90-minute bus transfer, valid on all buses.

2. Only valid for the groups mentioned, two passes cannot be combined. Some individuals may be required to furnish proof of age or a valid Valley Lift or Reduced Fare ID.

### Valley Lift Paratransit

> **Valley Lift Fare Chart**
> | Fare Type | Description | Price |
> | --- | --- | --- |
> | Full Fare | Full fare one-way for adults (18 to 61) traveling anywhere in the coverage area | $4.00 |

## Bus Fleet

> **Fleet Statistics**
> | Manufacturer | Model | Year Built | Vehicle Length | Fuel Type | \# in fleet | Fleet Numbers | Status |
> | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
> | Gillig | Phantom | 1991 | 35 feet | Diesel | 2 | 3701-3702 | Retired |
> | Gillig | Low Floor | 1998 | 40 feet | Diesel | 3 | (3 units) | Retired |
> | New Flyer | C35LF | 2004 | 35 feet | CNG | 10 | 3011-3020 | Active |
> | New Flyer | C35LF | 2006 | 35 feet | CNG | 2 | 3021-3022 | Active |
> | New Flyer | C35LF | 2009 | 35 feet | CNG | 3 | 3023-3025 | Active |
> | New Flyer | D35LFR | 2010 | 35 feet | Diesel | 3 | 2901-2903 | Active |
> | Gillig | Low Floor (G27B102N4) | 2015 | 35 feet | Diesel | 2 | 3101-3102 | Active |
> | Gillig | Low Floor (G27B102N4) | 2015 | 35 feet | CNG | 3 | 3103-3105 | Active |

Rogue Valley Transportation District operates a fleet of 23 buses, 23 paratransit buses. Roughly 85% of the current transit bus fleet is powered by cleaner-burning compressed natural gas (abbreviated CNG) engines. RVTD was one of the first transportation districts in the state of Oregon to operate a majority CNG fleet, originally acquiring their first prototype buses, the Blue Bird Q-Bus from Blue Bird Corporation, in 1995.

Today RVTD has phased out the Blue Bird CNG vehicles in favor of the 35 foot natural gas coach manufactured by Gillig and New Flyer Industries. These newer buses provide for greater fuel capacity of 3600 psi compared to their predecessors 3000 psi limit (allowing greater range on one fill-up), provide space for more passengers (65 seated and standees compared to 50 seated and standees), a low floor design with fully automated wheelchair ramp (compared to the partially automated wheelchair lift), easier passenger boarding and deboarding, as well as a more powerful engine.

In addition to their natural gas buses, the Rogue Valley Transportation District also operates diesel transit coaches in efforts to diversify their fuel usage. This has several key advantages including switching over to primarily diesel usage in the event of a natural gas price hike or vice versa. RVTD runs the diesel New Flyer Low Floor and Low Floor Restyled coach and the Gillig Low Floor exclusively, however that may change as future fleet acquisitions occur. Previously in district history the entire fleet consisted of the New Look with a blue, yellow, and white paint scheme but the coaches have since been phased out.

## Passenger Amenities

All RVTD buses feature the standard amenities one can come to expect from any transit agency. For example, all buses are equipped with front bike racks manufactured by SportsWorks, allowing up to two bicycles to be carried with their corresponding riders ). Each bus is equipped with both forward cabin and rear cabin heating units keeping each bus at a warm, comfortable temperature during the winter. Most of the buses also have air conditioning as well, save for the 4500 series (the GMC New Looks) which do not have A/C. All buses have padded frontal seats for additional comfort, with the 4500 series featuring both front and rear padded seats.

In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 all RVTD buses feature some form of wheelchair ramp or lift as well as securement methods for the chairs themselves. The design in all buses allows a maximum of two wheelchairs to be secured safely in the bus at any given time. The majority of the fleet has automated time point stop announcement system on the buses; otherwise stops are called out by the operator. Real time schedule information is also available through Google maps. RVTD is currently working on a smart phone app to make the real-time information easier to access.

## Transportation Demand Management Program

RVTD's planning department includes a transportation demand management (TDM) program. Primarily funded by Region 3 of the Oregon Department of Transportation, the TDM program uses various techniques to promote alternatives to driving alone. Among these techniques are a group bus pass program, bicycle and pedestrian encouragement and education activities, carpool matching, transit marketing, and outreach to local government jurisdictions.

## InfoBox

Rogue Valley Transportation District
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1975 |
| Headquarters | 3200 Crater Lake Ave. Medford, Oregon 97504 |
| Service area | Rogue Valley |
| Service type | Transit bus |
| Routes | 13 |
| Stops | 38 |
| Stations | Front Street Station 200 S. Front St.
Medford, Oregon 97501 |
| Fleet | 46 transit buses |
| Daily ridership | 5280 |
| Fuel type | compressed natural gas and diesel |
| Manager | Julie Brown |
| Website | Official Web site |


title: Roman (film)

abstract: Roman is a 2006 suspense-horror film directed by Angela Bettis and starring Lucky McKee as Roman.

text:
# Roman (film)

***Roman*** is a 2006 suspense-horror film directed by Angela Bettis and starring Lucky McKee (who also wrote the script) as Roman.

## Plot

Roman (Lucky McKee) is a lonely young man who yearns to find love, happiness and companionship. Tormented by his ungrateful co-workers and trapped in a life of tedium as a welder in a local factory, Roman's one pleasure is his obsession with the elusive beauty (Kristen Bell) who lives in another apartment in his building complex. When a chance encounter with the young woman goes horribly wrong, a moment of frenzied desperation triggers a chilling turn of events leading to the girl's murder. As he teeters between deranged fantasy and cold reality, Roman's struggle to hide his grisly secret is further complicated by an eccentric neighbor named Eva (Nectar Rose) who develops an unlikely attraction to Roman and forces herself into his dark and tortured world.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Roman | |
| --- | --- |
| DVD cover | |
| Directed by | Angela Bettis |
| Written by | Lucky McKee |
| Starring | Lucky McKee
Kristen Bell
Nectar Rose |
| Cinematography | Kevin Ford |
| Music by | Poperratic |
| Release dates | * September 26, 2006 (2006-09-26) (*Fantastic Fest*) * March 27, 2007 (2007-03-27) (DVD) |
| Running time | 92 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $250,000 (estimated) |


title: Roman Ablakimov

abstract: Roman Ablakimov is a Kyrgyzstani footballer who is a midfielder for Sunkar and the Kyrgyzstan national football team.

text:
# Roman Ablakimov

**Roman Ablakimov** (born 28 August 1987) is a Kyrgyzstani footballer who is a midfielder for Sunkar and the Kyrgyzstan national football team.

## International goals

| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 7 April 2006 | Dhaka, Bangladesh | Macau | 2–0 | Won | 2006 AFC Challenge Cup |

## InfoBox

Roman Ablakimov
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1987-08-28) 28 August 1987 | | |
| Place of birth | Soviet Union | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Sunkar | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2005 | SKA-Shoro Bishkek |  |  |
| 2006 | Neftchi Kochkor-Ata |  |  |
| 2007–2008 | Dordoi-Dynamo Naryn |  |  |
| 2009–2012 | Abdish-Ata Kant |  |  |
| 2013 | Ak Bulak | 33 | (5) |
| 2014 | Gefest | 8 | (0) |
| 2014– | Sunkar | 3 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2006– | Kyrgyzstan | 4 | (1) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 1 December 2014<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 1 December 2014 | | | |


title: Blatska

abstract: Blatska is a village in Hadzhidimovo Municipality, in Blagoevgrad Province, Bulgaria. It is situated in the valley of the Mesta river, close to the border with Greece.

text:
# Blatska

**Blatska** is a village in Hadzhidimovo Municipality, in Blagoevgrad Province, Bulgaria. It is situated in the valley of the Mesta river, close to the border with Greece.

## History

There is an ancient and medieval fortress named "Hysar" 1 km (0.62 mi) east of the center of the village.

In the list of the villages and the number of non-Muslim households in the Nevrokop vilayet by March 13 1660 the village is mentioned as one with 15 non-Muslim households.

In the 19th century Blatska is a Muslim village in the Nevrokop kaaza. In the book "Ethnography of the Adrianopol, Monastir and Salonika vilayets", published in Istanbul in 1878, presenting the statistics of the male population in 1873, the village is mentioned as one with 40 households and 100 Muslim people. According to Vasil Kanchov at the end of 19th century there were 50 Turkish houses.

In 1899 there were 215 people according to the census of the Ottoman Empire.

## Education

A primary school named "St.St. Cyril and Methodius" is yet functional.

## Economy

The main source of income is cultivation of tobacco.

## Religion

The population is Muslim. There is a mosque at the center of the village.

## Roads and transportation

Blatska is situated just 2 km (1.2 mi) north of the municipal center Hadzhidimovo and is connected with it by bus. There are two asphalted municipal roads passing through the village.

## InfoBox

| Blatska Блатска | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Blatska | |
| Coordinates: 41°32′N 23°52′E / 41.533°N 23.867°E / 41.533; 23.867 | |
| Country | Bulgaria |
| Province | Blagoevgrad Province |
| Municipality | Hadzhidimovo Municipality |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Tughay Neby (SDS) |
| Area | |
| Total | 10.33 km2 (3.99 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 532 m (1,745 ft) |
| Population (2015-12-31) | |
| Total | 599 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Daegu

abstract: The Archdiocese of Daegu is a particular church of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church. The Archbishop of Daegu, whose seat is at Kyesan Cathedral in Daegu, is Metropolitan bishop for the Dioceses of Andong, Cheongju, Masan, and Busan. It is the second oldest episcopal see in Korea, erected as an apostolic vicariate on April 8, 1911, from the Apostolic Vicariate of Korea. It was elevated to archdiocesan status on March 10, 1962.

text:
# Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Daegu

The **Archdiocese of Daegu** (previously known as Taiku or Taegu) is a particular church of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church. The **Archbishop of Daegu**, whose seat is at Kyesan Cathedral in Daegu, is Metropolitan bishop for the Dioceses of Andong, Cheongju, Masan, and Busan.

It is the second oldest episcopal see in Korea, erected as an apostolic vicariate on April 8, 1911, from the Apostolic Vicariate of Korea. It was elevated to archdiocesan status on March 10, 1962.

## Leadership

### Ordinaries

#### Apostolic Vicars of Taiku

#### Archbishops of Daegu

### Coadjutor Bishops

* Paul Ri Moun-hi (1985–1986)
* John Choi Young-su (2006–2007)

### Auxiliary Bishops

35°51′38″N 128°35′13″E / 35.860626°N 128.586982°E / 35.860626; 128.586982

## InfoBox

| Archdiocese of Daegu
**Archidioecesis Taeguensis**
대구대교구 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Gyesan-dong Cathedral of Our Lady of Lourdes | |
| Location | |
| Country | South Korea |
| Territory | Daegu |
| Ecclesiastical province | Daegu |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 9,129 km2 (3,525 sq mi) |
| Population
- Total
- Catholics | (as of 2020)
4,476,518
511,757 (11.4%) |
| Parishes | 164 |
| Information | |
| Denomination | Catholic |
| *Sui iuris* church | Latin Church |
| Rite | Roman Rite |
| Established | April 8, 1911
(as Apostolic Vicariate)
March 10, 1962
(as Archdiocese) |
| Cathedral | Cathedral of Our Lady of Lourdes in Daegu |
| Co-cathedral | Beomeo Cathedral of St. Francis of Assisi |
| Patron saint | Our Lady of Lourdes
St John Yi Yun-il |
| Current leadership | |
| Pope | Francis |
| Archbishop | Thaddeus Cho Hwan-Kil |
| Auxiliary Bishops | John Bosco Chang Shin-ho |
| Map | |
|  | |
| Website | |
| daegu-archdiocese.or.kr | |


title: Bleuphoria

abstract: Bleuphoria is the sixth studio album by American singer Rahsaan Patterson. It was released on July 19, 2011 on Artistry Music. Production for Bleuphoria was handled primarily by Patterson and long-time collaborators Jamey Jaz and Keith Crouch. The album features guest vocals by singers Jody Watley, Shanice Wilson, Faith Evans and Lalah Hathaway, as well as a cover version of "I Only Have Eyes for You." The singles "Easier Said Than Done" and "6 AM" were released to radio and made available on iTunes.

text:
# Bleuphoria

***Bleuphoria*** is the sixth studio album by American singer Rahsaan Patterson. It was released on July 19, 2011 on Artistry Music. Production for *Bleuphoria* was handled primarily by Patterson and long-time collaborators Jamey Jaz and Keith Crouch. The album features guest vocals by singers Jody Watley, Shanice Wilson, Faith Evans and Lalah Hathaway, as well as a cover version of "I Only Have Eyes for You." The singles "Easier Said Than Done" and "6 AM" were released to radio and made available on iTunes.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

AllMusic editor Andy Kellman called *Bleuphoria* Patterson's "boldest and most scattered album to date." He found that "it sounds as if Patterson has never had more fun making music, indulging in his whims." L. Michael Gipson, writing for *SoulTracks*, felt that "overall, the ocean of his utopic vision works, though there are moments of murkiness and the waters aren’t always as deep as the myopic drawer of our bath may believe."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "I Only Have Eyes for You" |  |  | 4:38 |
| 2. | "Ghost" (featuring Jody Watley) | Patterson | * Jamey Jaz * Patterson | 3:37 |
| 3. | "Crazy (Baby)" (featuring Faith Evans & Shanice) |  | * Crouch * Patterson | 3:52 |
| 4. | "Easier Said Than Done" | Patterson | Crouch | 3:42 |
| 5. | "Stay with Me" | * Crouch * Patterson | * Crouch * Patterson | 4:58 |
| 6. | "Miss You" | Patterson | Patterson | 4:12 |
| 7. | "Goodbye" | Patterson | * Jaz * Patterson | 6:47 |
| 8. | "Bleuphoria" | Patterson | * Crouch * Patterson | 2:46 |
| 9. | "Mountain Top" | Patterson | * Crouch * Patterson | 5:57 |
| 10. | "Makin' Love" | * Crouch * Patterson | * Crouch * Patterson | 4:14 |
| 11. | "6 AM" (featuring Lalah Hathaway) | * Hathaway * Patterson | Patterson | 3:47 |
| 12. | "Insomia" | Patterson | * Jaz * Patterson | 3:49 |
| 13. | "God" | * Erik Reichers * Patterson | * Reichers * Patterson | 3:30 |

## Charts

| Chart (2011) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (*Billboard*) | 36 |
| US Independent Albums (*Billboard*) | 42 |

## Release history

*Bleuphoria* release history
| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | July 19, 2011 |  | Artistry Music |  |

## InfoBox

| Bleuphoria | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Rahsaan Patterson | |
| Released | July 19, 2011 |
| Length | 52:29 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
| Rahsaan Patterson chronology | |
| *The Ultimate Gift*
(2008) ***Bleuphoria***
(2011) *Heroes & Gods*
(2019) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Bleuphoria* | |
| 1. "Easier Said Than Done"
Released: 2010 | |
|  | |


title: Bleun-Brug

abstract: Bleun-Brug is a Catholic association that is oriented towards Breton nationalism.

text:
# Bleun-Brug

**Bleun-Brug** (**Flower of the Heather**) is a Catholic association that is oriented towards Breton nationalism.

## Origins

The group was created in 1905 by abbé Jean-Marie Perrot, with a name devised at the 1905 conference of the Union Régionaliste Bretonne at Château de Kerjean. The heather symbolizes Breton tenacity. The association had the motto: *Ar brezhoneg hag ar feiz a zo breur ha c'hoar e Breizh.* ("Breton and faith are brother and sister in Brittany.")

The association fights to preserve Breton faith, language, and traditions. To accomplish this, it holds an annual party featuring Breton theatre, song, and lectures.

## Magazine

The magazine *Feiz ha Breiz*, which first existed from 1865 to 1884, was restarted by Bleun-Brug in 1899, eventually becoming the official mouthpiece of the association.

## Post-War

Bleun-Brug was guided mainly by abbot Perrot over a period of forty years, with the goal of maintaining Breton traditions and the usage of the Breton language amongst the rural populations of Lower Brittany. It was a true Catholic movement, subject to the bishopric of Quimper. The statutes of the association, established in 1912, were amended in 1925 to define its two objectives:

* To promote the Breton ideal intellectually, politically, and economically.
* To contribute, as Catholics, to realising in Brittany the full scope of its traditional faith.


title: Bleury

abstract: Bleury is a former commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France. In January 2012 it merged with Saint-Symphorien-le-Château into the new commune Bleury-Saint-Symphorien, which was merged into Auneau-Bleury-Saint-Symphorien on 1 January 2016.

text:
# Bleury

**Bleury** (French pronunciation: \[blœʁi\]) is a former commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France. In January 2012 it merged with Saint-Symphorien-le-Château into the new commune Bleury-Saint-Symphorien, which was merged into Auneau-Bleury-Saint-Symphorien on 1 January 2016.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 162 |  |
| 1968 | 164 | +1.2% |
| 1975 | 176 | +7.3% |
| 1982 | 270 | +53.4% |
| 1990 | 395 | +46.3% |
| 1999 | 422 | +6.8% |
| 2008 | 488 | +15.6% |

## InfoBox

| Bleury | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Auneau-Bleury-Saint-Symphorien | |
| Viaduct | |
| Location of Bleury | |
| BleuryBleury | |
| Coordinates: 48°31′14″N 1°44′54″E / 48.5206°N 1.7483°E / 48.5206; 1.7483 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Centre-Val de Loire |
| Department | Eure-et-Loir |
| Arrondissement | Chartres |
| Canton | Auneau |
| Commune | Auneau-Bleury-Saint-Symphorien |
| Area**1** | 7.85 km2 (3.03 sq mi) |
| Population (2016) | 405 |
| Density | 52/km2 (130/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 28700 |
| Elevation | 113–156 m (371–512 ft)
(avg. 128 m or 420 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Caesar Frazier

abstract: Caesar Frazier is an American musician, keyboard player, producer and jazz, funk and soul recording artist who is best known as the former keyboard player for Marvin Gaye. Frazier specializes in the Hammond B3, organ and piano and has recorded numerous albums as an instrumentalist, vocalist and studio musician. Over the years, his music has been sampled by Kanye West and Common, in addition to GangStarr, Arrested Development and Johnson & Johnson.

text:
# Caesar Frazier

**Caesar Frazier** is an American musician, keyboard player, producer and jazz, funk and soul recording artist who is best known as the former keyboard player for Marvin Gaye.

Frazier specializes in the Hammond B3, organ and piano and has recorded numerous albums as an instrumentalist, vocalist and studio musician. Over the years, his music has been sampled by Kanye West and Common, in addition to GangStarr, Arrested Development and Johnson & Johnson.

## Early life

Born in The Bronx in New York City on September 26, 1947, Frazier grew up in Lake Helen, Florida and began his professional career at age 15, playing organ in R&B bands. He has performed in a number of jazz ensembles, orchestras and as a solo artist over the years. He discovered music at a young age when he lived a block away from a popular juke joint. After earning a B.S. Degree in Music Education from Florida A&M University in Tallahassee, Florida, Frazier established himself as a national and international recording artist. He also attended College of the Desert in Palm Desert, California, where he studied music and photography.

## Career

Influenced by the Hammond organ sounds of Jimmy Smith, Jackie Davis, Jimmy McGriff and Jack McDuff, Frazier focused his musical efforts on the jazz organ. He cut his first album *Hail Caesar!* in 1972, which featured Prestige Records guitarist Melvin Sparks, drummer Idris Muhammad and tenor saxophonist Houston Person. His album *Caesar Frazier '75* featured guitarist Cornell Dupree and drummer Bernard "Pretty" Purdie.

Frazier has described Marvin Gaye's album *What's Going On* as "one of the greatest albums ever recorded."

After decades performing and recording, Frazier earned an Associate Degree in Radio, Television and Film from Saddleback College in Mission Viejo, California. During his broadcasting career, he specialized in news reporting and covered presidential campaigns for U.S. President Bill Clinton, former U.S. Senator Bob Dole and American entrepreneur Ross Perot.

Frazier is the owner of Strickly Grooves Publishing Company and launched his own record label, Track Merchant Records and Track Merchant Media Group, in 2020.

In addition to performing live, Frazier is a popular jazz radio host. He is a former on-air announcer at WLOQ Smooth Jazz radio in Orlando, Florida and currently serves as a feature interview contributor for the jazz radio station at The University of Central Florida. He previously produced and hosted "The Saddleback Forum" talk show at KSBR inMission Viejo, California. Frazier is also an accomplished photographer who has traveled the world shooting landscapes and street journalism.

## Discography

* *Hail Caesar!* (Eastbound, 1972)
* *Caesar Frazier '75* (Westbound, 1975)
* *Another Life* (Westbound/20th Century, 1978)
* *Instinct* (Doodlin', 2018)
* *Closer to the Truth* (Savant, 2019)
* *Tenacity: As We Speak* (Track Merchant, 2022)
* *Live at Jazzcup* (Stunt, 2023)
* *Caesar Frazier: ALIVE-One Night In Savannah* (Track Merchant, 2024)


title: Saas-Grund

abstract: Saas-Grund is a municipality in the district of Visp in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It lies east of Lenzspitze and Dom.

text:
# Saas-Grund

**Saas-Grund** is a municipality in the district of Visp in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It lies east of Lenzspitze and Dom.

## History

Saas-Grund is first mentioned in 1438 as *grunderro*.

On 3 April 1849, an avalanche destroyed a house that served as a refuge in avalanche-prone weather, and killed 19 people. After that winter, each building that abutted the hill was extended with a vault, a *Lawinengruft*. Each of these underground refuges was about 5 meters x 4 meters large, and had an interior height of 2.5 meters. In 1943, the Swiss Alpine Club's magazine *Die Alpen* reported that they were last used in the winter of 1887/1888, and only two of them were remaining. As these vaults served several families, each modification to the vault had to be done with the co-owner's agreement.

## Geography

Saas-Grund has an area, as of 2011, of 24.6 square kilometers (9.5 sq mi). Of this area, 11.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 12.5% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.3% is settled (buildings or roads) and 75.2% is unproductive land.

The municipality is located in the Visp district. It consists of the village of Saas-Grund, the hamlets of Unter dem Berg and Ze Laubinu and portions of the hamlets of Tamatten and Unter den Bodmen.

## Coat of arms

The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is *Vert, a bend wavy Argent in chief three Billets Or one and two, in base a Chapel Argent and a Billet Or.*

## Demographics

Saas-Grund has a population (as of December 2020) of 990. As of 2008, 12.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010 ) the population has changed at a rate of -10.2%. It has changed at a rate of -10.4% due to migration and at a rate of -0.2% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (1,068 or 91.5%) as their first language, Serbo-Croatian is the second most common (35 or 3.0%) and Albanian is the third (35 or 3.0%). There are 3 people who speak French, 11 people who speak Italian.

Of the population in the municipality, 713 or about 61.1% were born in Saas-Grund and lived there in 2000. There were 210 or 18.0% who were born in the same canton, while 73 or 6.3% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 137 or 11.7% were born outside of Switzerland.

As of 2000, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 24.8% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.9% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 14.3%.

As of 2000, there were 484 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 597 married individuals, 64 widows or widowers and 22 individuals who are divorced.

As of 2000, there were 417 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.6 persons per household. There were 91 households that consist of only one person and 32 households with five or more people. In 2000, a total of 387 apartments (55.4% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 277 apartments (39.6%) were seasonally occupied and 35 apartments (5.0%) were empty. As of 2009, the construction rate of new housing units was 2.7 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010, was 0.4%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

## Sports

It is the starting point for a small independent ski area which is also part of the combined Saastal ski region, albeit connected to the other parts of the region by postal bus, rather than dedicated skilifts.

It has a gondola up to the Kreuzboden (2,400 m \[7,900 ft\], in two sections) and Hohsaas (3,200 m \[10,500 ft\]).

## Politics

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 59.14% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (21.5%), the SVP (15.63%) and the SP (2.21%). In the federal election, a total of 465 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 57.7%.

In the 2009 Conseil d'État/Staatsrat election a total of 679 votes were cast, of which 28 or about 4.1% were invalid. The voter participation was 85.1%, which is much more than the cantonal average of 54.67%. In the 2007 Swiss Council of States election a total of 464 votes were cast, of which 8 or about 1.7% were invalid. The voter participation was 57.9%, which is similar to the cantonal average of 59.88%.

## Economy

As of  2010, Saas-Grund had an unemployment rate of 2.2%. As of 2008, there were 45 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 15 businesses involved in this sector. 68 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 13 businesses in this sector. 335 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 61 businesses in this sector. There were 591 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 39.4% of the workforce.

In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 349. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 19, of which 15 were in agriculture and 3 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 64 of which 15 or (23.4%) were in manufacturing and 50 (78.1%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 266. In the tertiary sector; 34 or 12.8% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 36 or 13.5% were in the movement and storage of goods, 94 or 35.3% were in a hotel or restaurant, 11 or 4.1% were the insurance or financial industry, 13 or 4.9% were technical professionals or scientists, 12 or 4.5% were in education and 50 or 18.8% were in health care.

In 2000, there were 117 workers who commuted into the municipality and 271 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 2.3 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 22.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 43.7% used a private car.

## Religion

From the 2000 census, 943 or 80.8% were Roman Catholic, while 38 or 3.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 35 members of an Orthodox church (or about 3.00% of the population), and there were 30 individuals (or about 2.57% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 76 (or about 6.51% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 1 individual who belonged to another church. 15 (or about 1.29% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 44 individuals (or about 3.77% of the population) did not answer the question.

## Education

In Saas-Grund about 406 or (34.8%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 54 or (4.6%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a *Fachhochschule*). Of the 54 who completed tertiary schooling, 70.4% were Swiss men, 13.0% were Swiss women, 9.3% were non-Swiss men.

During the 2010–2011 school year there were a total of 201 students in the Saas-Grund school system. The education system in the Canton of Valais allows young children to attend one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten. During that school year, there 2 kindergarten classes (KG1 or KG2) and 26 kindergarten students. The canton's school system requires students to attend six years of primary school. In Saas-Grund there were a total of 6 classes and 100 students in the primary school. The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling (orientation classes), followed by three to five years of optional, advanced schools. There were 101 lower secondary students who attended school in Saas-Grund. All the upper secondary students attended school in another municipality.

As of 2000, there were 166 students in Saas-Grund who came from another municipality, while 22 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

Saas-Grund is home to the *Schul- und Gemeindebibliothek Saas Grund* (municipal library of Saas-Grund). The library has (as of 2008) 5,277 books or other media, and loaned out 9,058 items in the same year. It was open a total of 118 days with average of 8 hours per week during that year.

## InfoBox

| Saas-Grund | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Saas-Grund | |
| Saas-GrundSaas-Grund | |
| Coordinates: 46°7′N 7°56′E / 46.117°N 7.933°E / 46.117; 7.933 | |
| Country | Switzerland |
| Canton | Valais |
| District | Visp |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Georg Anthamatten |
| Area | |
| Total | 40.57 km2 (15.66 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,559 m (5,115 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2018) | |
| Total | 1,000 |
| Density | 25/km2 (64/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (Central European Time) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time) |
| Postal code(s) | 3910 |
| SFOS number | 6291 |
| ISO 3166 code | CH-VS |
| Surrounded by | Saas Almagell, Saas Balen, Saas Fee, Simplon |
| Website | saas-grund.ch
SFSO statistics |


title: Saigata Station

abstract: Saigata Station is a railway station in the city of Jōetsu, Niigata, Japan.

text:
# Saigata Station

**Saigata Station** (犀潟駅, *Saigata-eki*) is a railway station in the city of Jōetsu, Niigata, Japan.

## Lines

Saigata Station is served by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) Shinetsu Main Line and is 7.1 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Naoetsu Station. It is also served by the Hokuetsu Express Hokuhoku Line and is 59.7 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Muikamachi.

## Station layout

The station has one island platform and one side platform, connected by a footbridge. The station has a *Midori no Madoguchi* staffed ticket office.

### Platforms

| **1** | Shinetsu Main Line | for Kashiwazaki, Nagaoka, and Niigata |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2** | Hokuhoku Line | for Echigo-Yuzawa, Muikamachi, Tōkamachi, and Naoetsu |
| **3** | Shinetsu Main Line | for Naoetsu, Arai, Myōkō-Kōgen, Toyono, and Nagano |

## History

The station opened on 13 March 1897. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR) on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR East.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2015, the station was used by an average of 700 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

## Surrounding area

## InfoBox

| Saigata Station<br>犀潟駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Saigata Station in July 2004 | |
| General information | |
| Location | 600-1 Saigata, Ōgata-ku, Jōetsu-shi, Niigata-ken 949-3116 |
| Coordinates | 37°12′37″N 138°18′16″E / 37.2103°N 138.3045°E / 37.2103; 138.3045 |
| Operated by |  |
| Line(s) |  |
| Platforms | 1 island + 1 side platform |
| Other information | |
| Status | Staffed (*Midori no Madoguchi*) |
| Website | www.jreast.co.jp/estation/station/info.aspx?StationCd=720 |
| History | |
| Opened | 13 May 1897 (1897-05-13) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY2017 | 700 (daily) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  JR East Following station  NaoetsuTerminus  Shin'etsu Main LineRapid  Kakizakitowards Niigata  Kuroitowards Naoetsu  Shin'etsu Main LineLocal  Dosokohamatowards Niigata  Preceding station Hokuhoku Express Following station  Kuroi(limited service)towards Naoetsu  Hokuhoku LineLocal  Kubikitowards Echigo-Yuzawa | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Saigata StationLocation within JR Shinetsu Main LineSaigata StationSaigata Station (Hokuhoku Line)Saigata StationSaigata Station (Japan) | |


title: Colleen M. Flood

abstract: Colleen M. Flood is the Dean of Queen's University Faculty of Law. Prior to this, Dr. Flood was a Professor in the Faculty of Law at the University of Ottawa and University Research Chair in Health Law and Policy. She is also the Director for the University of Ottawa Centre for Health Law, Policy and Ethics. In addition, Flood served as a Professor at the University of Toronto and Scientific Director of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. She is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences. Since 2013, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research has awarded a prize in the name of Flood and Morris Barer to recognize a researcher who has made a significant impact on health services and policy research, policy, and/or care delivery.

text:
# Colleen M. Flood

**Colleen M. Flood** FRSC FCAHS is the Dean of Queen's University Faculty of Law.

Prior to this, Dr. Flood was a Professor in the Faculty of Law at the University of Ottawa and University Research Chair in Health Law and Policy. She is also the Director for the University of Ottawa Centre for Health Law, Policy and Ethics. In addition, Flood served as a Professor at the University of Toronto and Scientific Director of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. She is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences.

Since 2013, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research has awarded a prize in the name of Flood and Morris Barer to recognize a researcher who has made a significant impact on health services and policy research, policy, and/or care delivery.

## Education

Flood earned her Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws (with honors) at the University of Auckland before moving to study at the University of Toronto where she earned her Master of Laws and Doctor of Juridical Science.

## Career

In 1999, she was named the Labelle Lecturer in Health Services Research and was hired by the University of Toronto as a professor with an interest in health law. Later, her work has helped influence government policy making on health care. Her article on the Romanow Commission, co-authored by Sujit Choudhry, criticized the Canada Health Act and was cited in the 2002 Canadian Health Care system report by Michael J. L. Kirby. In 2004, Flood was appointed a Senior Fellow of Massey College.

In 2005, Flood and fellow University of Toronto faculty members Kent Roach and Lorne Sossin co-edited a book titled "The Legal Debate over Private Health Insurance in Canada." That same year, she was named an editor of a newly formed quarterly journal, *Healthcare Policy*. While working as an Associate Professor and Canada Research Chair in Health Law and Policy at the University of Toronto in 2006, Flood was appointed the new Scientific Director of Health Services and Policy Research within Canadian Institutes of Health Research. That same year, she edited a book titled "Just Medicare: What's In, What's Out, How We Decide" which discussed Canadian health law and policy based on conferences held at the University of Toronto Faculty of Law. In 2007, Flood was awarded the Jerry Lee Lectureship as part of the 7th Annual International Campbell Collaboration Colloquium. She was the first woman and Canadian to earn this Lectureship.

While with the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Flood increased funding for health policy and research by creating a program called “Evidence on Tap.” The program, which was piloted in Saskatchewan, Ontario, and New Brunswick, involved health researchers meeting with government personnel to discuss where they needed research evidence. This led to the creation of the Evidence Informed Healthcare Renewal program. In 2011, Dr. Robyn Tamblyn replaced Flood as Scientific Director. She then took a sabbatical before returning to the University of Toronto.

Since 2013, the CIHR Institute of Health Services and Policy Research has awarded a prize in the name of Flood and Morris Barer to recognize a researcher who has had a significant impact on health services and policy research, policy, and/or care delivery. That same year, Flood was named an honorary member of the College of Family Physicians of Canada. In 2014, Flood was hired by the University of Ottawa for their Faculty of Law although she maintained her position as Canada Research Chair at the Faculty of Law for the University of Toronto until 2015. She also simultaneously served on the board of the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences and as chair of their Scientific Advisory Committee.

In 2016, Flood was named a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada for her impact on health care and policies. In 2018, while serving as the Director for the University of Ottawa Centre for Health Law, Policy and Ethics, Flood was elected as a Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences.

## Publications

List of publications:

* *Accountability of health service purchasers: comparing internal markets & managed competition in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, the Netherlands, and the United States* (1997)
* *Advanced health law : public policy and regulation* (1998)
* *Legal constraints on privately-financed health care in Canada : a review of the ten Provinces* (2000)
* *A patients' Bill of Rights: a cure for Canadians' concerns about medicare?* (2002)
* *Prescriptions from down under: can Canada import Australia's pharmaceutical benefits scheme?* (2002)
* *International health care forum: a legal, economic and political analysis* (2002)
* *What is in and out of Medicare?: Who decides?* (2004)
* *The boundaries of Canadian medicare : the role of Ontario's Physician Services Review Committee* (2004)
* *Access to care, access to justice* (2005)
* *Health system law and policy* (2006)
* *Legislating and litigating health care rights* (2006)
* *Data data everywhere: access and accountability?* (2011)
* *The right to health at the public/private divide: a global comparative study* (2014)
* *Law and mind: mental health law and policy in Canada* (2016)
* *Administrative law in context* (2018)
* *Universal pharmacare and federalism: policy options for Canada* (2018)

## InfoBox

| Colleen M. FloodFRSC FCAHS | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Education | University of Auckland (BA, LL.B) <br>University of Toronto (MA,PhD) |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Law |
| Institutions | University of Ottawa |
|  | |


title: Elachista irrorata

abstract: Elachista irrorata is a moth of the family Elachistidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Illinois, Indiana, Maine, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia. The wingspan is 8.2–11 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from March to October. The larvae feed on Glyceria striata and Agrostis perennans. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The larvae can be found in April and May.

text:
# Elachista irrorata

***Elachista irrorata*** is a moth of the family Elachistidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Illinois, Indiana, Maine, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia.

The wingspan is 8.2–11 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from March to October.

The larvae feed on *Glyceria striata* and *Agrostis perennans*. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The larvae can be found in April and May.

## InfoBox

| *Elachista irrorata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Elachistidae |
| Genus: | *Elachista* |
| Species: | ***E. irrorata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Elachista irrorata***<br>Braun, 1920 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Elachista philopatris* Meyrick, 1932 | |


title: SuS Schalke

abstract: Spiel-und-Sport Schalke 96 was founded in 1896 and was one of the leading football clubs in Westphalia before the First World War participating in the regional finals for the Western German championship on three occasions. In 1906, they were winless in their preliminary round group against Duisburger SpV, Kölner FC and Viktoria Ratingen. They faced Duisburger again in the quarter-finals in 1908 and lost 10–1. Their last appearance was in 1912 when they beat FC Preussen Munster before going out in a semi-final loss to Essener SV 99. In 1911, local clubs Ballspielverein Gelchenkirchen and Turner-Club 1874 Gelsenkirchen merged to form a single side. BV made its only playoff appearance in the regional championship the previous year and lost a quarter final match to BV Solingen. SuS in turn joined TCG to create TuS Gelsenkirchen 74/96. In 1924, these two clubs went their separate ways again under their old names. At the end of the 1930s, SuS club abandoned football to pursue athletics. In 2009, a handball department was formed in co-operation with FC Schalke 04 and played as HSG Schalke 04/96 until 2014.

text:
# SuS Schalke

**Spiel-und-Sport Schalke 96** was founded in 1896 and was one of the leading football clubs in Westphalia before the First World War participating in the regional finals for the Western German championship on three occasions. In 1906, they were winless in their preliminary round group against *Duisburger SpV*, *Kölner FC* and *Viktoria Ratingen*. They faced *Duisburger* again in the quarter-finals in 1908 and lost 10–1. Their last appearance was in 1912 when they beat *FC Preussen Munster* before going out in a semi-final loss to *Essener SV 99*.

In 1911, local clubs *Ballspielverein Gelchenkirchen* and *Turner-Club 1874 Gelsenkirchen* merged to form a single side. *BV* made its only playoff appearance in the regional championship the previous year and lost a quarter final match to *BV Solingen*. *SuS* in turn joined *TCG* to create *TuS Gelsenkirchen 74/96*. In 1924, these two clubs went their separate ways again under their old names.

At the end of the 1930s, *SuS* club abandoned football to pursue athletics. In 2009, a handball department was formed in co-operation with *FC Schalke 04* and played as *HSG Schalke 04/96* until 2014.

## InfoBox

SuS Schalke 1896
| Full name | Verein für Sport-und-Spiel 1896 Schalke |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1896 |
| Website | Club website |


title: Eudonia leucophthalma

abstract: Eudonia leucophthalma is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1929. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from British Columbia and Alberta to Washington and California. The wingspan is about 14 mm. Adults are similar to Eudonia echo, but smaller and the dark shadings are more olivaceous and denser. The lines are narrowed and contrasting whitish. The reniform spot is Y-shaped with a small white speck on the lower side. Adults have been recorded on wing from May to September.

text:
# Eudonia leucophthalma

***Eudonia leucophthalma*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1929. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from British Columbia and Alberta to Washington and California.

The wingspan is about 14 mm. Adults are similar to *Eudonia echo*, but smaller and the dark shadings are more olivaceous and denser (not grey). The lines are narrowed and contrasting whitish. The reniform spot is Y-shaped with a small white speck on the lower side. Adults have been recorded on wing from May to September.

## Subspecies

* *Eudonia leucophthalma leucophthalma* (British Columbia)
* *Eudonia leucophthalma petaluma* Munroe, 1972 (California)

## InfoBox

| *Eudonia leucophthalma* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Eudonia* |
| Species: | ***E. leucophthalma*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eudonia leucophthalma***<br>(Dyar, 1929) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Scoparia leucophthalma* Dyar, 1929 | |


title: U.D. Gândara

abstract: União Desportiva da Gândara is a Portuguese sports club from Moinhos da Gândara, Figueira da Foz. The men's football team played in the I league of AF Coimbra, but after winning that league in 2012–13, no team was fielded again. The team previously played on the Terceira Divisão, the Portuguese fourth tier, as late as 2006 to 2011. They also contested the Taça de Portugal during these years.

text:
# U.D. Gândara

**União Desportiva da Gândara** is a Portuguese sports club from Moinhos da Gândara, Figueira da Foz.

The men's football team played in the I league of AF Coimbra, but after winning that league in 2012–13, no team was fielded again. The team previously played on the Terceira Divisão, the Portuguese fourth tier, as late as 2006 to 2011. They also contested the Taça de Portugal during these years.

## InfoBox

U.D. Gândara
| Full name | União Desportiva da Gândara |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1978 |
| Dissolved | 2013 |
| Ground | Figueira da Foz |


title: Break the Records: By You & for You

abstract: .mw-parser-output.tracklist{border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output.tracklist tr{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output.tracklist tr:nth-child(2n-1){background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output.tracklist caption{text-align:left;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output.tracklist td,.mw-parser-output.tracklist th[scope="row"]{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output.tracklist th[scope="col"]{text-align:left;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}.mw-parser-output.tracklist th.tracklist-length-header,.mw-parser-output.tracklist th.tracklist-number-header,.mw-parser-output.tracklist th[scope="row"],.mw-parser-output.tracklist-length,.mw-parser-output.tracklist-total-length td{padding-right:10px;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output.tracklist th[scope="row"]{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output.tracklist-number-header{width:2em;padding-left:10px}.mw-parser-output.tracklist-length-header{width:4em}.mw-parser-output.tracklist tr.tracklist-total-length{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output.tracklist.tracklist-total-length th{padding:0;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output.tracklist-total-length th>span{float:right;padding:0 10px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}.mw-parser-output.tracklist-total-length td{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);font-weight:bold;padding:0 10px 0 0} Break the Records: By You & For You is the fourth studio album by Japanese boy band KAT-TUN and was released in Japan on April 29, 2009 by J-One Records. The album was released in two editions: a limited edition version with a 36-page photo booklet included and a regular edition which features the bonus track, "Moon". It was the last album to feature Jin Akanishi.

text:
# Break the Records: By You & for You

***Break the Records: By You & For You*** (stylized as **Break the Records -by you & for you-**) is the fourth studio album by Japanese boy band KAT-TUN and was released in Japan on April 29, 2009 by J-One Records. The album was released in two editions: a limited edition version with a 36-page photo booklet included and a regular edition which features the bonus track, "Moon".

It was the last album to feature Jin Akanishi.

## Content

Fourth album release from KAT-TUN including the songs "Don't U Ever Stop," "White X'mas (album version)," "One Drop," "Rescue," and more for 15 songs total. Regular edition includes one bonus track "Moon". Limited Edition includes special booklet. Features alternate jacket artwork. Adam Greenburg on Allmusic gave the album three out of five stars, stating that "this \[album\] probably isn't the best KAT-TUN album by any measure, but it shows a lot of incremental gains in ability and composition over previous efforts. The rawest energy and emotion captured by the band in some other releases may not always be present, but on *Break the Records* KAT-TUN nevertheless take a lot of steps in the right direction toward being a more mature band."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Don't U Ever Stop" | Spin, Joker, Shusui, Fredrik Hult, Carl Utbult, Yukihide YT Takiyama |  |
| 2. | "Sadistic Love" | Masanco, Joker, Steven Lee, Eigo |  |
| 3. | "Rescue" | Eco, Joker, Shusui, Tord Bäckström, Bengt Girell, Jan Nilsson, Stefan Åberg, Ha-j |  |
| 4. | "Water Dance" | Masanco, Joker, M.Y., Yuichi Hamamatsu |  |
| 5. | "One Drop" | Spin, Joker, T-oga, Mur, Ha-j |  |
| 6. | "White World" (Yūichi Nakamaru solo) | Katsuhiko Sugiyama |  |
| 7. | "Care" (Jin Akanishi solo) | Akanishi, Kazunari Ohno, Noriyoshi Matsushita |  |
| 8. | "1582" (Kazuya Kamenashi solo) | N, M.Y., Yuichi Hamamatsu |  |
| 9. | "Pierrot" (Koki Tanaka solo) | Joker, Atsushi |  |
| 10. | "Hana no Mau Machi" (Tatsuya Ueda solo, 花の舞う街 "The Town Where Flowers Dance") | Ueda, Kao |  |
| 11. | "Wind" (Junnosuke Taguchi solo) | Taguchi, Gin Kitagawa |  |
| 12. | "Kimi Michi" (君道 "Your Road") | Mugen, Hidenori Tanaka, Kōsuke Noma |  |
| 13. | "Shunkanshūtō" (春夏秋冬 "The Four Seasons") | Eco, Joker, Kōji Makino, Kaoru Okubo |  |
| 14. | "White X'mas" (Album version) | Eco, Joker, Nao, Ha-j |  |
| 15. | "Neiro" | Spin, Ryōsuke Shigenaga, Yoshinao Mikami |  |
| 16. | "Moon" (Regular edition only) | Eco, Masanco, Jovette Rivera, Joey Carbone |  |

## Chart positions

RIAJ certified *Break the Records: By You & For You* **platinum** denoting more than 250,000 shipments by September 2009.

| Chart (2010) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Japan *Oricon* Weekly Album Chart | 1 |
| Japan *Oricon* Yearly Album Chart | 27 |
|

## Certifications

| Country | Provider | Sales | Certification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Japan | RIAJ | 243,305 | Platinum |

## InfoBox

| Break the Records: By You & For You | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by KAT-TUN | |
| Released | April 29, 2009 (2009-04-29) |
| Recorded | 2008–2009 |
| Genre | Pop, rock |
| Label | J-One |
| Producer | Johnny H. Kitagawa (executive) |
| KAT-TUN chronology | |
| *KAT-TUN III: Queen of Pirates*
(2007) ***Break the Records: By You & For You***
(2009) *No More Pain*
(2010) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Break the Records: By You & For You* | |
| 1. "Don't U Ever Stop"
Released: May 14, 2008 2. "White X'mas"
Released: December 3, 2008 3. "One Drop"
Released: February 11, 2009 4. "Rescue"
Released: March 11, 2009 | |
|  | |


title: Break the News

abstract: Break the News is the third studio album by Swedish singer Darin. It was released on 22 November 2006 in Sweden. The album reached the top of the Swedish Album Charts. Four singles were released from the album in Sweden with an additional track charting from promotion.

text:
# Break the News

***Break the News*** is the third studio album by Swedish singer Darin. It was released on 22 November 2006 in Sweden. The album reached the top of the Swedish Album Charts. Four singles were released from the album in Sweden with an additional track charting from promotion.

## Promotion

In Sweden, *Break the News* was promoted with two official singles, "Perfect" and "Everything But the Girl". The third single, "Desire",was released as a download only single in May 2007. In Germany, two physical singles were released; "Insanity" in August 2007 and "Desire".

Darin promoted the album with a ten cities tour from 25 November until 16 December 2006. Large billboard posters were placed around Swedish cities Stockholm, Göteborg and Malmö. He also promoted the album in Germany, including performances on *Popstars*, where he sang "Desire", and on *The Dome* where he sang "Insanity". In 2007, Darin embarked on The Pure Desire Tour.

## Track listing

*Break the News* track listing
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producers(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Insanity" |  | * Mansson * Sarin\[a\] | 3:45 |
| 2. | "Extra Ordinary Love" |  | P. Berger | 3:16 |
| 3. | "Perfect" |  | * Wikström * Thomander | 3:00 |
| 4. | "Everything But the Girl" | * Wikström * Thomander | * Wikström * Thomander | 3:48 |
| 5. | "Desire" | * Zanyar * Mansson * Sarin | * Mansson * Sarin\[a\] | 3:08 |
| 6. | "Like No One" | * P. Berger * Fredrik Berger | P. Berger | 3:30 |
| 7. | "Saturday Night" |  | Aldeheim | 3:18 |
| 8. | "What If I Kissed You Now" |  | Hansson | 3:29 |
| 9. | "Everything You're Not" | Eshraque "iSHi" Mughal | Mughal | 3:20 |
| 10. | "If You Wanna" |  | Mughal | 3:08 |
| 11. | "The Thing About You" | * Tommy Tysper * Markus Reza Sepehrmanesh * Sophia Somajo * Gustav "Grizzly" Jonsson | * Jonsson * Tysper | 3:39 |
| 12. | "Homeless" | Jörgen Elofsson | * Elofsson * Rikard Branden * Pär Westerlund | 3:40 |

iTunes bonus track
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producers(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "Affection" | * Remee * Mughal * Eriksen | Mughal | 3:12 |

**Notes**

* **^\[a\]**  signifies additional producer(s)

## Personnel

## Charts

Weekly chart performance for *Break the News*
| Chart (2006–07) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 89 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 1 |

## Certifications

Certifications for *Break the News*
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sweden (GLF) | Gold | 20,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Release history

Release history for *Break the News*
| Region | Date | Format | Label | Catalgoue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sweden | 22 November 2006 |  |  | 88697 01596 2 |
| Europe | | 28 September 2007 | EMI Music | 50999 507169 2 0 |

## InfoBox

| Break the News | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Darin | |
| Released | 22 November 2006 |
| Length | 41:02 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
| Darin chronology | |
| *Darin*
(2005) ***Break the News***
(2006) *Flashback*
(2008) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Break the News* | |
| 1. "Perfect"
Released: 18 October 2006 2. "Everything But the Girl"
Released: 31 January 2007 3. "Desire"
Released: 7 May 2007 4. "Insanity"
Released: 3 August 2007 | |
|  | |


title: SEAT Bocanegra

text:
# SEAT Bocanegra

## SEAT Bocanegra concept car

The **SEAT Bocanegra** is a three-door supermini concept car, built by the Spanish automaker SEAT and designed by former Lamborghini designer Luc Donckerwolke who at the moment had been assigned SEAT's design director.

It was presented at the 2008 Geneva Motor Show, sporting a more aggressive image as a showcase for the fifth-generation SEAT Ibiza, which was introduced in May 2008 at the Madrid Motor Show. The name Bocanegra - standing for "Black Mouth" in Spanish - derives from the whole front bumper made out of black-painted plastic with the headlights encased in clear perspex, tracing back to a previous SEAT model from the 1970s, the 1200 Sport which at the time had been nicknamed *Bocanegra* because of its black plastic front end.

It has a 1.4-liter TSI engine giving 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp), and a newly presented seven-speed direct shift gearbox.

## SEAT Bocanegra production model

The Bocanegra concept car's front end was carried to the fourth generation of the SEAT Ibiza as a special edition featuring the Bocanegra name, meant to be carried over in a limited series of 1,000 cars per year production. A Boconegra version of the Ibiza ST estate was shown as a concept at Wörthersee 2010.


title: Brick Breaker

abstract: Brick Breaker is a mobile video game developed by Canadian developer Ali Asaria, that came preloaded on certain BlackBerry devices.

text:
# Brick Breaker

***Brick Breaker*** is a mobile video game developed by Canadian developer Ali Asaria, that came preloaded on certain BlackBerry devices.

## Gameplay

*Brick Breaker* (platformer) is a Breakout clone in which the player must smash a wall of bricks by deflecting a bouncing ball with a paddle. The paddle may move horizontally and is controlled with the BlackBerry's trackwheel, the computer's mouse or the touch of a finger (in the case of touchscreen). The player gets three lives to start with; a life is lost if the ball hits the bottom of the screen. When all the bricks have been destroyed, the player advances to a new, harder level. There are 34 levels. Many levels have unbreakable silver bricks. If all lives are lost, the game is over. There are many versions of *Brick Breaker*, some in which players can shoot flaming fireballs or play with more than one ball if the player gets a power up.

## Reception

*Brick Breaker* has a cult following of professional players trying to achieve high scores. The game's addictiveness was highlighted by *The Vancouver Sun*: There are "dozens of forums, support groups and yes, a Brick Breaker Addiction Facebook page, with spouses complaining of addicted mates."

## Lawsuit

After Atari Inc. issued a number of threats, BlackBerry operator Research In Motion sued Atari in an Ontario court in 2006 claiming that *Brick Breaker* does not infringe Atari copyrights related to *Breakout*.

## InfoBox

| Brick Breaker | |
| --- | --- |
| Publisher(s) | Digital Chocolate |
| Platform(s) | BlackBerry
iPhone
iPad
Windows Phone 7 |
| Release | * WW: 1999 |
| Genre(s) | Breakout clone |
| Mode(s) | Single-player video game, multiplayer video game |


abstract: SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Telugu is presented by Vibri media group as part of its annual South Indian International Movie Awards, for the best acting done by a female actor in a leading role in her debut Telugu film. The award was first given in 2012 for films released in 2011.

text:
# SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Telugu

**SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Telugu** is presented by Vibri media group as part of its annual South Indian International Movie Awards, for the best acting done by a female actor in a leading role in her debut Telugu film. The award was first given in 2012 for films released in 2011.

## Superlatives

| **Categories** | Recipient | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Youngest winner | Avika Gor | Age 17 |
| Oldest winner | Mrunal Thakur | Age 30 |

## Winners and nominees

| Year | Actress | Film | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2011
(1st) | **Shruti Haasan** | ***Anaganaga O Dheerudu*** |  |
| | Nithya Menen | *Ala Modalaindi* | |
| | Isha Chawla | *Prema Kavali* | |
| | Amala Paul | *Bejawada* | |
| | Nikitha Narayan | *It's My Love Story* | |
| | Sarah-Jane Dias | *Panjaa* | |
| 2012
(2nd) |
| | **Regina Cassandra** | **Vaishnavi Chaitanya** |  |
| | Lavanya Tripathi | | *Andala Rakshasi* |
| | Reshma Rathore | | *Ee Rojullo* |
| | Gurshagun Kaur Sachdeva | | *Life Is Beautiful* |
| | Monal Gajjar | | *Sudigadu* |
| 2013
(3rd) ||
| | **Avika Gor** | **Vaishnavi Chaitanya** |  |
| | Catherine Tresa | | *Chammak Challo* |
| | Isha Talwar | | *Gunde Jaari Gallanthayyinde* |
| | Sharmila Mandre | | *Kevvu Keka* |
| | Priya Banerjee | | *Kiss* |
| 2014
(4th) ||
| | **Raashi Khanna** | ***Oohalu Gusagusalade*** |  |
| | Kriti Sanon | | *1: Nenokkadine* |
| | Mishti Chakraborty | | *Chinnadana Nee Kosam* |
| | Adah Sharma | | *Heart Attack* |
| | Pooja Hegde | | *Oka Laila Kosam* |
| 2015
(5th) ||
| | **Pragya Jaiswal** | ***Kanche*** |  |
| | Malavika Nair | | *Yevade Subramanyam* |
| | Shruti Sodhi | | *Pataas* |
| | Tridha Choudhury | | *Surya vs Surya* |
| | Sayyeshaa | | *Akhil* |
| 2016
(6th) ||
| | **Nivetha Thomas** | ***Gentleman*** |  |
| | Keerthy Suresh | | *Nenu Sailaja* |
| | Mehreen Pirzada | | *Krishna Gaadi Veera Prema Gaadha* |
| | Niharika Konidela | | *Oka Manasu* |
| | Anu Emmanuel | | *Majnu* |
| 2017
(7th) ||
| | **Kalyani Priyadarshan** | ***Hello*** |  |
| | Aakanksha Singh | | *Malli Raava* |
| | Megha Akash | | *LIE* |
| | Nivetha Pethuraj | | *Mental Madhilo* |
| | Shalini Pandey | | *Arjun Reddy* |
| 2018
(8th) ||
| | **Payal Rajput** | ***RX 100*** |  |
| | Ashima Narwal | | *Natakam* |
| | Kiara Advani | | *Bharat Ane Nenu* |
| | Nidhi Agerwal | | *Savyasachi* |
| | Ruhani Sharma | | *Chi La Sow* |
| | Nabha Natesh | | *Nannu Dochukunduvate* |
| 2019
(9th) ||
| | **Shivathmika Rajashekar** | ***Dorasaani*** |  |
| | Priyanka Arul Mohan | | *Nani's Gang Leader* |
| | Anagha | | *Guna 369* |
| | Divyansha Kaushik | | *Majili* |
| | Ananya Nagalla | | *Mallesham* |
| 2020
(9th) ||
| | **Roopa Koduvayur** | ***Uma Maheswara Ugra Roopasya*** |  |
| | Varsha Bollamma | | *Choosi Choodangaane* |
| | Noorin Shereef | | *Oollalla Oollalla* |
| | Salony Luthra | | *Bhanumathi & Ramakrishna* |
| | Priyanka Sharma | | *Savaari* |
| 2021
(10th) ||
| | **Krithi Shetty** | ***Uppena*** |  |
| | Sreeleela | | *Pelli SandaD* |
| | Meenakshi Chaudhary | | *Ichata Vahanamulu Niluparadu* |
| | Faria Abdullah | | *Jathi Ratnalu* |
| | Sandhya Raju | | *Natyam* |
| 2022
(11th) ||
| | **Mrunal Thakur** | ***Sita Ramam*** |  |
| | Saiee Manjrekar | | *Ghani* |
| | Mithila Palkar | | *Ori Devuda* |
| | Shirley Setia | | *Krishna Vrinda Vihari* |
| | Ritika Nayak | | *Ashoka Vanamlo Arjuna Kalyanam* |
| 2023
(12th) ||
| | **Vaishnavi Chaitanya** | ***Baby*** |  |
| | Gayatri Bhardwaj | | *Tiger Nageswara Rao* |
| | Iswarya Menon | | *Spy* |
| | Pragathi Srivatsava | | *Peddha Kapu 1* |
| | Sakshi Vaidya | | *Gandeevadhari Arjuna* |
| | Yukti Thareja | | *Rangabali* |

1. "SIIMA Awards 2012 in Dubai Day1 Photos Stills". 22 June 2012. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
2. "Dhanush, Shruti Haasan win top laurels at SIIMA awards". *www.indiatvnews.com*. 14 September 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
3. "SIIMA 2014 Telugu Winners List: Mahesh Babu, Samantha Bag Best Actor Awards". *Filmibeat*. 13 September 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
4. "Shruti Haasan, Dhanush, Rana Daggubati shine at SIIMA 2015". *The Indian Express*. 9 August 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
5. "SIIMA 2016 Telugu winners list". *Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd*. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
6. Davis, Maggie (1 July 2017). "SIIMA Awards 2017 winners: Telugu stars Jr NTR and Rakul Preet Singh wins the most prestigious award". *India.com*. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
7. "SIIMA 2018: Baahubali multi-lingual film soars high in the Telugu category". *The Free Press Journal*. 17 September 2018. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
8. "SIIMA 2019 winners full list: Dhanush, Trisha, Prithviraj win big". *Indian Express*. 17 August 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
9. "SIIMA awards 2021 winners list: Jersey, Lucifer, Asuran, Yajamana win big". *News9 Live*. 19 September 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
10. "Manju Warrier, Suriya, others win at SIIMA Awards: Full list of winners". *The News Minute*. 21 September 2021. Archived from the original on 21 September 2021.
11. Hymavathi, Ravali (11 September 2022). "SIIMA Awards 2022: Check Out The Complete List Of Tollywood Winners…". *The Hans India*. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
12. "SIIMA Awards 2023: RRR, 777 Charlie win big; Jr NTR, Yash named Best Actors; Sreeleela, Mrunal Thakur, Srinidhi Shetty are Best Actresses". *Indian Express*. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
13. "SIIMA Awards 2024: Dasara, Hi Nanna, Kaatera and Sapta Sagaradaache Ello win big on Day 1". *The Indian Express*. 15 September 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2024.

## InfoBox

| SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut  – Telugu | |
| --- | --- |
| Description | Best performance by an actress in a leading role in her debut Telugu film |
| Country | India |
| Presented by | *Vibri Media Group* |
| Established | 2012 |
| First awarded | 2012 |
| Currently held by | Vaishnavi Chaitanya, *Baby* (2023) |
| Television/radio coverage | |
| Produced by | *Vibri Media Group* |


title: Brian Collins (2010s singer)

abstract: Brian Collins is an American country music artist born and raised in Douglasville, Georgia, United States. Brian has charted two singles on the MusicRow Country Breakout Chart and one single on the Billboard Indicator Chart.

text:
# Brian Collins (2010s singer)

**Brian Collins** is an American country music artist born and raised in Douglasville, Georgia, United States. Brian has charted two singles on the MusicRow Country Breakout Chart and one single on the Billboard Indicator Chart.

## Discography

### Singles

| Year | Single | Chart Positions | | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | MusicRow Country Breakout | Billboard Indicator | |
| 2015 | "Never Really Left" | 40 |  | Healing Highway |
| | "Shine A Little Love" | 9 | 34 | |
| 2016 | "Healing Highway" |  |  | Healing Highway |

## InfoBox

| Brian Collins | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Douglasville, Georgia, United States |
| Occupation | Singer-songwriter |
| Instrument(s) | Vocals, guitar, harmonica |
| Years active | 2007–present |
| Labels | Blue Light Entertainment |
|  | |
| Website | briancollinsmusic.com |


title: Brian Bowditch

abstract: Brian Hayward Bowditch is a British mathematician known for his contributions to geometry and topology, particularly in the areas of geometric group theory and low-dimensional topology. He is also known for solving the angel problem. Bowditch holds a chaired Professor appointment in Mathematics at the University of Warwick.

text:
# Brian Bowditch

**Brian Hayward Bowditch** (born 1961) is a British mathematician known for his contributions to geometry and topology, particularly in the areas of geometric group theory and low-dimensional topology. He is also known for solving the angel problem. Bowditch holds a chaired Professor appointment in Mathematics at the University of Warwick.

## Biography

Brian Bowditch was born in 1961 in Neath, Wales. He obtained a B.A. degree from Cambridge University in 1983. He subsequently pursued doctoral studies in Mathematics at the University of Warwick under the supervision of David Epstein where he received a PhD in 1988. Bowditch then had postdoctoral and visiting positions at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, the University of Warwick, Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques at Bures-sur-Yvette, the University of Melbourne, and the University of Aberdeen. In 1992 he received an appointment at the University of Southampton where he stayed until 2007. In 2007 Bowditch moved to the University of Warwick, where he received a chaired Professor appointment in Mathematics.

Bowditch was awarded a Whitehead Prize by the London Mathematical Society in 1997 for his work in geometric group theory and geometric topology. He gave an Invited address at the 2004 European Congress of Mathematics in Stockholm. Bowditch is a former member of the Editorial Board for the journal *Annales de la Faculté des Sciences de Toulouse* and a former Editorial Adviser for the London Mathematical Society.

## Mathematical contributions

Early notable results of Bowditch include clarifying the classic notion of geometric finiteness for higher-dimensional Kleinian groups in constant and variable negative curvature. In a 1993 paper Bowditch proved that five standard characterisations of geometric finiteness for discrete groups of isometries of hyperbolic 3-space and hyperbolic plane, (including the definition in terms of having a finitely-sided fundamental polyhedron) remain equivalent for groups of isometries of hyperbolic *n*-space where *n*  4. He showed, however, that in dimensions *n*  4 the condition of having a finitely-sided Dirichlet domain is no longer equivalent to the standard notions of geometric finiteness. In a subsequent paper Bowditch considered a similar problem for discrete groups of isometries of Hadamard manifold of pinched (but not necessarily constant) negative curvature and of arbitrary dimension *n*  2. He proved that four out of five equivalent definitions of geometric finiteness considered in his previous paper remain equivalent in this general set-up, but the condition of having a finitely-sided fundamental polyhedron is no longer equivalent to them.

Much of Bowditch's work in the 1990s concerned studying boundaries at infinity of word-hyperbolic groups. He proved the *cut-point conjecture* which says that the boundary of a one-ended word-hyperbolic group does not have any global cut-points. Bowditch first proved this conjecture in the main cases of a one-ended hyperbolic group that does not split over a two-ended subgroup (that is, a subgroup containing infinite cyclic subgroup of finite index) and also for one-ended hyperbolic groups that are "strongly accessible". The general case of the conjecture was finished shortly thereafter by G. Ananda Swarup who characterised Bowditch's work as follows: "The most significant advances in this direction were carried out by Brian Bowditch in a brilliant series of papers (\[4\]-\[7\]). We draw heavily from his work". Soon after Swarup's paper Bowditch supplied an alternative proof of the cut-point conjecture in the general case. Bowditch's work relied on extracting various discrete tree-like structures from the action of a word-hyperbolic group on its boundary.

Bowditch also proved that (modulo a few exceptions) the boundary of a one-ended word-hyperbolic group *G* has local cut-points if and only if *G* admits an essential splitting, as an amalgamated free product or an HNN extension, over a virtually infinite cyclic group. This allowed Bowditch to produce a theory of JSJ decomposition for word-hyperbolic groups that was more canonical and more general (particularly because it covered groups with nontrivial torsion) than the original JSJ decomposition theory of Zlil Sela. One of the consequences of Bowditch's work is that for one-ended word-hyperbolic groups (with a few exceptions) having a nontrivial essential splitting over a virtually cyclic subgroup is a quasi-isometry invariant.

Bowditch also gave a topological characterisation of word-hyperbolic groups, thus solving a conjecture proposed by Mikhail Gromov. Namely, Bowditch proved that a group *G* is word-hyperbolic if and only if *G* admits an action by homeomorphisms on a perfect metrisable compactum *M* as a "uniform convergence group", that is such that the diagonal action of *G* on the set of distinct triples from *M* is properly discontinuous and co-compact; moreover, in that case *M* is *G*-equivariantly homeomorphic to the boundary ∂*G* of *G*. Later, building up on this work, Bowditch's PhD student Yaman gave a topological characterisation of relatively hyperbolic groups.

Much of Bowditch's work in 2000s concerns the study of the curve complex, with various applications to 3-manifolds, mapping class groups and Kleinian groups. The curve complex *C*(*S*) of a finite type surface *S*, introduced by Harvey in the late 1970s, has the set of free homotopy classes of essential simple closed curves on *S* as the set of vertices, where several distinct vertices span a simplex if the corresponding curves can be realised disjointly. The curve complex turned out to be a fundamental tool in the study of the geometry of the Teichmüller space, of mapping class groups and of Kleinian groups. In a 1999 paper Howard Masur and Yair Minsky proved that for a finite type orientable surface *S* the curve complex *C*(*S*) is Gromov-hyperbolic. This result was a key component in the subsequent proof of Thurston's Ending lamination conjecture, a solution which was based on the combined work of Yair Minsky, Howard Masur, Jeffrey Brock, and Richard Canary. In 2006 Bowditch gave another proof of hyperbolicity of the curve complex. Bowditch's proof is more combinatorial and rather different from the Masur-Minsky original argument. Bowditch's result also provides an estimate on the hyperbolicity constant of the curve complex which is logarithmic in complexity of the surface and also gives a description of geodesics in the curve complex in terms of the intersection numbers. A subsequent 2008 paper of Bowditch pushed these ideas further and obtained new quantitative finiteness results regarding the so-called "tight geodesics" in the curve complex, a notion introduced by Masur and Minsky to combat the fact that the curve complex is not locally finite. As an application, Bowditch proved that, with a few exceptions of surfaces of small complexity, the action of the mapping class group Mod(*S*) on *C*(*S*) is "acylindrical" and that the asymptotic translation lengths of pseudo-Anosov elements of Mod(*S*) on *C*(*S*) are rational numbers with bounded denominators.

A 2007 paper of Bowditch produces a positive solution of the angel problem of John Conway: Bowditch proved that a 4-angel has a winning strategy and can evade the devil in the "angel game". Independent solutions of the angel problem were produced at about the same time by András Máthé and Oddvar Kloster.

## Selected publications

* Bowditch, Brian H. (1995), "Geometrical finiteness with variable negative curvature", *Duke Mathematical Journal*, **77**: 229–274, doi:10.1215/S0012-7094-95-07709-6, MR 1317633
* Bowditch, Brian H. (1998), "A topological characterisation of hyperbolic groups", *Journal of the American Mathematical Society*, **11** (3): 643–667, doi:10.1090/S0894-0347-98-00264-1, MR 1602069
* Bowditch, Brian H. (1998), "Cut points and canonical splittings of hyperbolic groups", *Acta Mathematica*, **180** (2): 145–186, doi:10.1007/BF02392898, MR 1638764
* Bowditch, Brian H. (2006), "Intersection numbers and the hyperbolicity of the curve complex", *Crelle's Journal*, **2006** (598): 105–129, doi:10.1515/CRELLE.2006.070, MR 2270568, S2CID 10831464
* Bowditch, Brian H. (2007), "The angel game in the plane", *Combinatorics, Probability and Computing*, **16** (3): 345–362, doi:10.1017/S0963548306008297, MR 2312431, S2CID 14682115
* Bowditch, Brian H. (2008), "Tight geodesics in the curve complex", *Inventiones Mathematicae*, **171** (2): 281–300, doi:10.1007/s00222-007-0081-y, MR 2367021, S2CID 18808639

1. Brian H. Bowditch: *Me.* Bowditch's personal information page at the University of Warwick
2. B. H. Bowditch, "The angel game in the plane" *Combinatorics, Probability and Computing*, vol. 16 (2007), no. 3, pp. 345–362
3. Brian Hayward Bowditch at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
4. Lynne Williams. "Awards" *Times Higher Education*, 24 October 1997
5. "Records of Proceedings at Meetings" *Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society*, vol 30 (1998), pp. 438–448; Quote from the Whitehead Prize award citation for Brian Bowditch, pp. 445–446:"Bowditch has made significant and totally original contributions to hyperbolic geometry, especially to the associated group theory. \[...\] His deepest work is on the asymptotic properties of word-hyperbolic groups. This work simultaneously generalises and simplifies recent work of several authors, and it already has many applications. In one application, he develops a new theory of groups acting on dendrites. Building on previous contributions of Gilbert Levitt, G. Ananda Swarup and others, this led him to a solution of the 'cut-point conjecture'. This recent work also yields a characterisation of word-hyperbolic groups as convergence groups. Bowditch has solved several major problems in geometric group theory using methods that are elegant and as elementary as they can be."
6. *European Congress of Mathematics, Stockholm, June 27 – July 2, 2004* Archived 17 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine European Mathematical Society, 2005. ISBN 978-3-03719-009-8
7. Editorial Board, Annales de la Faculté des Sciences de Toulouse. Accessed 15 October 2008
8. London Mathematical Society 2005 publications Archived 27 October 2005 at the Wayback Machine London Mathematical Society. Accessed 15 October 2008.
9. Bowditch, B.H. (1993), "Geometrical Finiteness for Hyperbolic Groups" (PDF), *Journal of Functional Analysis*, **113** (2): 245–317, doi:10.1006/jfan.1993.1052
10. B. H. Bowditch, "Geometrical finiteness with variable negative curvature" *Duke Mathematical Journal*, vol. 77 (1995), no. 1, 229–274
11. B. H. Bowditch, "Group actions on trees and dendrons" *Topology*, vol. 37 (1998), no. 6, pp. 1275–1298
12. B. H. Bowditch, "Boundaries of strongly accessible hyperbolic groups" *The Epstein birthday schrift*, pp. 51–97, Geometry&Topology Monographs, vol. 1, Geom. Topol. Publ., Coventry, 1998
13. G. A. Swarup, "On the cut point conjecture" *Electronic Research Announcements of the American Mathematical Society*, vol. 2 (1996), no. 2, pp. 98–100
14. B. H. Bowditch, "Connectedness properties of limit sets" *Transactions of the American Mathematical Society*, vol. 351 (1999), no. 9, pp. 3673–3686
15. B. H. Bowditch, "Cut points and canonical splittings of hyperbolic groups" *Acta Mathematica*, vol. 180 (1998), no. 2, 145–186.
16. Zlil Sela, "Structure and rigidity in (Gromov) hyperbolic groups and discrete groups in rank $$1 Lie groups. II" *Geometric and Functional Analysis*, vol. 7 (1997), no. 3, pp. 561–593.
17. B. H. Bowditch, "A topological characterisation of hyperbolic groups" *Journal of the American Mathematical Society*, vol. 11 (1998), no. 3, pp. 643–667.
18. Asli Yaman, "A topological characterisation of relatively hyperbolic groups". *Crelle's Journal*, vol. 566 (2004), pp. 41–89.
19. W. J. Harvey, "Boundary structure of the modular group". *Riemann surfaces and related topics: Proceedings of the 1978 Stony Brook Conference* (State Univ. New York, Stony Brook, N.Y., 1978), pp. 245–251, *Ann. of Math. Stud.*, 97, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, N.J., 1981. ISBN 0-691-08264-2
20. Howard Masur, and Yair Minsky, "Geometry of the complex of curves. I. Hyperbolicity" *Inventiones Mathematicae*, vol. 138 (1999), no. 1, pp. 103–149.
21. Yair Minsky, "Curve complexes, surfaces and 3-manifolds". International Congress of Mathematics. Vol. II, pp. 1001–1033, Eur. Math. Soc., Zürich, 2006. ISBN 978-3-03719-022-7
22. Brian H. Bowditch, "Intersection numbers and the hyperbolicity of the curve complex", *Crelle's Journal*, vol. 598 (2006), pp. 105–129, doi:10.1515/CRELLE.2006.070.
23. Brian H. Bowditch, "Tight geodesics in the curve complex" *Inventiones Mathematicae*, vol. 171 (2008), no. 2, pp. 281–300.
24. John H. Conway, "The angel problem" *Games of no chance* (Berkeley, California, 1994), pp. 3–12, Mathematical Sciences Research Institute Publications, 29, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996. ISBN 0-521-57411-0
25. András Máthé, "The angel of power 2 wins" *Combinatorics, Probability and Computing*, vol. 16 (2007), no. 3, pp. 363–374 MR2312432
26. Oddvar Kloster, "A solution to the angel problem" *Theoretical Computer Science*, vol. 389 (2007), no. 1-2, pp. 152–161 MR2363369


title: SKP2

abstract: S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SKP2 gene.

text:
# SKP2

**S-phase kinase-associated protein 2** is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the *SKP2* gene.

## Structure and function

Skp2 contains 424 residues in total with the ~40 amino acid F-box domain lying closer to the N-terminal region at the 94-140 position and the C-terminal region forming a concave surface consisting of ten leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which often—but not always—recognize substrates in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. In this SCF complex, Skp2 acts as the substrate recognition factor.

### F-box Domain

The F-box proteins are divided into three classes: Fbxws containing WD40 repeat domains, Fbxls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxos containing either different protein–protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxls class. In addition to an F-box, this protein contains 10 tandem leucine-rich repeats. Alternative splicing of this gene generates 2 transcript variants encoding different isoforms. After the tenth LRR, the ~30-residue C-terminal tail turns back towards the first LRR, forming what has been referred to as a ‘safety-belt’ that might aid to pin down substrates into the concave surface formed by the LRRs.

Skp2 forms a stable complex with the cyclin A-CDK2 S-phase kinase. It specifically recognizes and promotes the degradation of phosphorylated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B, also referred to as p27 or KIP1) predominantly in , G2 phase, and the initial part of the M phase.

The degradation of p27 via Skp2 requires the accessory protein CKS1B. To prevent premature degradation of p27, Skp2 levels are kept low during early and mid-G1 due to the APC/CCdh1ubiquitin ligase, which mediates the ubiquitylation of Skp2.

Phosphorylation of Ser64 and, to a lesser extent, Ser72 of Skp2 contributes to the stabilization of Skp2 by preventing its association with APC/CCdh1; however, Skp2 phosphorylation on these residues is dispensable for its subcellular localization and for Skp2 assembly into an active SCF ubiquitin ligase.

### Role in cell cycle regulation

Progression through the cell cycle is tightly regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and their interactions with cyclins and CDK inhibitors (CKIs). Relative amounts of these signals oscillate during each stage of the cell cycle due to periodic proteolysis; the ubiquitin-proteasome system mediates the degradation of these mitotic regulatory proteins, controlling their intracellular concentrations. These and other proteins are recognized and degraded by the proteasome from the sequential action of three enzymes: E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), one of many E2s (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and one of many E3 ubiquitin ligase. The specificity of ubiquitination is provided by the E3 ligases; these ligases physically interact with the target substrates. Skp2 is the substrate recruiting component of the SCFSkp2 complex, which targets cell cycle control elements, such as p27 and p21. Here, SKP2 has been implicated in double negative feedback loops with both p21 and p27, that control cell cycle entry and G1/S transition.

## Clinical significance

Skp2 behaves as an oncogene in cell systems and is an established protooncogene causally involved in the pathogenesis of lymphomas. One of the most critical CDK inhibitors involved in cancer pathogenesis is p27Kip1, which is involved primarily in inhibiting cyclin E-CDK2 complexes (and to a lesser extent cyclin D-CDK4 complexes). Levels of p27Kip1 (like all other CKIs) rise and fall in cells as they either exit or re-enter the cell cycle, these levels are not modulated at the transcriptional level, but by the actions of the SCFSkp2 complex in recognizing p27Kip1 and tagging it for destruction in the proteasome system. It has been shown that as cells enter G0 phase, reducing levels of Skp2 explain the increase in p27Kip1, creating an apparent inverse relationship between Skp2 and p27Kip1. Robust evidence has been amassed that strongly suggests Skp2 plays an important role in cancer and is also involved in cancer-associated drug resistance.

### Overexpression

Overexpression of Skp2 is frequently observed in human cancer progression and metastasis, and evidence suggests that Skp2 plays a proto-oncogenic role both in vitro and in vivo. Skp2 overexpression has been seen in: lymphomas, prostate cancer, melanoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and breast carcinomas. Additionally, overexpression of Skp2 is correlated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer. As one would expect, Skp2 overexpression promotes growth and tumorigenesis in a xenograft tumor model. By extension of this fact, Skp2 inactivation profoundly restricts cancer development by triggering a massive cellular senescence and/or apoptosis response that is surprisingly observed only in oncogenic conditions in vivo. This response is triggered in a p19Arf/p53-independent, but p27-dependent manner.

Using a Skp2 knockout mouse model, multiple groups have shown Skp2 is required for cancer development in different conditions of tumor promotion, including PTEN, ARF, pRB inactivation as well as Her2/Neu overexpression.

Genetic approaches have demonstrated that Skp2 deficiency inhibits cancer development in multiple mouse models by inducing p53-independent cellular senescence and blocking Akt-mediated aerobic glycolysis. Akt activation by Skp2 is linked to aerobic glycolysis, as Skp2 deficiency impairs Akt activation, Glut1 expression, and glucose uptake thereby promoting cancer development.

### Potential use as a clinical target

Skp2 is of considerable interest as a novel and attractive target for cancer therapeutical development, as disrupting the SCF complex will result in increased levels of p27, which will inhibit aberrant cellular proliferation. Although Skp2 is an enzyme, its function requires the assembly of the other members of the SCF complex. As Skp2 is the rate-limiting component of the SCF complex, effective inhibitors should be focused on the interfaces of Skp2 with the other members of the SCF complex, which is much more difficult than traditional enzyme inhibition. Small molecule inhibitors of the binding site between Skp2 and its substrate p27 have been discovered, and these inhibitors induce p27 accumulation in a Skp2-dependent manner and promote cell cycle arrest. Another recent discovery were inhibitors of the Skp1/Skp2 interface that resulted in: restoring p27 levels, suppressing survival, trigger p53-independent senescence, exhibit potent antitumor activity in multiple animal models, and were also found to affect Akt-mediated glycolysis. Skp2 is a potential target for pten-deficient cancers.

## Interactions

SKP2 has been shown to interact with:

## InfoBox

| SKP2 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Available structures  PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | SKP2, FBL1, FBXL1, FLB1, p45, S-phase kinase-associated protein 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, S-phase kinase associated protein 2 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 601436; MGI: 1351663; HomoloGene: 55942; GeneCards: SKP2; OMA:SKP2 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001243120
NM\_005983
NM\_032637   NM\_001285980
NM\_013787
NM\_145468   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001230049
NP\_005974
NP\_116026   NP\_001272909
NP\_038815   Location (UCSC) Chr 5: 36.15 – 36.2 Mb Chr 15: 9.11 – 9.16 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Brazilian auction

abstract: A Brazilian auction is a certain set of rules for a reverse auction. The buyer communicates the price she or he is willing to pay for the whole lot in advance. Then, the sellers bid on how many identical units they are willing to provide at that price. Like in English auction, bidding continues until a bid is made that no other bidder is willing to top. Other sources define Brazilian auction as a reverse auction with similarities to Dutch auction. Like in the previous definition, the overall price is constant. But instead of the increasing price as in Dutch auction, the amount of identical items is decreasing.

text:
# Brazilian auction

A **Brazilian auction** is a certain set of rules for a reverse auction. The buyer communicates the price she or he is willing to pay for the whole lot in advance. Then, the sellers bid on how many identical units they are willing to provide at that price. Like in English auction, bidding continues until a bid is made that no other bidder is willing to top. Other sources define Brazilian auction as a reverse auction with similarities to Dutch auction. Like in the previous definition, the overall price is constant. But instead of the increasing price as in Dutch auction, the amount of identical items is decreasing.

## History

Brazilian auction as a variation of Dutch auction is introduced by Portum AG for Linde plc in the context of selling gas in Brazil.