title: Farrukh-Zad of Ghazna

abstract: Farrukh-Zad, was sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire from. His reign was considered one of benevolence, prosperity and tranquility for the Ghaznavid empire. It was free of the chaotic turbulence and greed from palace ghulams until the end of his reign. He was a very devout Muslim and fasted during Rajab, Sha'ban and Ramadan.

text:
# Farrukh-Zad of Ghazna

**Farrukh-Zad** (Full name: *Jamal ad-Dawlah Abu Shuja Farrukh-Zad*), was sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire from (1053 – 4 April 1059). His reign was considered one of benevolence, prosperity and tranquility for the Ghaznavid empire. It was free of the chaotic turbulence and greed from palace ghulams until the end of his reign. He was a very devout Muslim and fasted during Rajab, Sha'ban and Ramadan.

## Biography

Having been at the fortress of Barghund, Farrukh-Zad was one of the Ghaznavid princes that escaped the usurper Toghrul's massacre in 1052.

Farrukh employed Abd al-Razzaq Maymandi, a former vizier of Maudud and Abd Rashid, but later had him dismissed and imprisoned. He also freed Abul-Fazl Bayhaqi from his imprisonment and it was during Farrukh's reign that Bayhaqi wrote his *Mujalladat* (Tarikh-e Beyhaqi).

Following the chaos of Toghrul's usurpation, Chagri Beg sent a Seljuq army to take Ghazni, but the ghulam general Khirghiz intercepted and defeated it. Meanwhile in 1053, the Ghaznavid governors of the eastern Indian garrisons in Malerkotla, Jalandhar, and Lahore began to rebel.

Around 1058, Farrukh had his army invade Tukharistan in hopes of removing the Seljuks. His army was initially successful, capturing the Seljuq *Atabeg* Qutb ad-Din Kul-Sarigh. However, Alp Arslan counter-attacked and defeated the Ghaznavid army, capturing many of its commanders. A subsequent peace treaty, drawn up by Abul-Fazl Bayhaqi, allowed for an exchange of prisoners and a mutual non-aggression pact.

## Death

In 1058, palace ghulams attempted to assassinate Farrukh in his bath, but he grabbed a sword and held them at bay until his guards arrived and killed the ghulams. Depressed and sickened by the attempt on his life, Farrukh-Zad withdrew from worldly affairs and died of colitis on 4 April 1059 at the age of thirty-four. He was succeeded by his brother Ibrahim.

## Sources

* Bosworth, C. E. (1968). "The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000–1217)". In Frye, R. N. (ed.). *The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol periods*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–202. ISBN 0-521-06936-X.
* Bosworth, C. E (1995). *The Later Ghaznavids: Splendour and Decay: The Dynasty in Afghanistan and Northern India 1040-1186*. ISBN 9788121505772. Retrieved 10 May 2014.

## InfoBox

| Farrukh-Zad | |
| --- | --- |
| *Ghaznavid Sultan
Devout Sultan* | |
| Gold *dinar* of Farrukh-Zad | |
| Sultan of Ghaznavid Empire | |
| Reign | 1053 – 4 April 1059 |
| Predecessor | Toghrul |
| Successor | Ibrahim |
|  | |
| Born | c.1025
Ghaznavid Empire |
| Died | 4 April 1059
(aged 34)
Ghaznavid Empire |
| Burial | 4–5 April 1059 |
| Names  **Laqab**: Jamal ad-Dawlah
**Kunya**: Abu Shuja
**Given name**: Farrukh-Zad
**Nasab**: Farrukh-Zad ibn Ma'sud ibn Mahmud ibn Sabuktegin | |
| House | House of Sabuktigin |
| Father | Ma'sud I |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |


title: Farruca

abstract: Farruca is a form of flamenco music developed in the late 19th century. Classified as a cante chico, it is traditionally sung and danced by men. Its origin is traditionally associated with Galicia, a region in northern Spain. An instrumental adaptation of the farruca was developed by guitarist Ramón Montoya and flamenco dancer Faíco in the 20th century. Others who stylized and expanded farruca include Antonio de Bilbao, Manolito la Rosa and El Batato. Although there are female flamenco dancers who exclusively danced farruca too, these female dancers originally danced the farruca wearing male clothing. Women dancers such as Carmen Amaya and Sara Baras have also created well-known versions of the dance.

text:
# Farruca

***Farruca*** (Spanish pronunciation: \[faˈruka\]) is a form of flamenco music developed in the late 19th century. Classified as a cante chico, it is traditionally sung and danced by men. Its origin is traditionally associated with Galicia, a region in northern Spain.

An instrumental adaptation of the farruca was developed by guitarist Ramón Montoya and flamenco dancer Faíco in the 20th century. Others who stylized and expanded farruca include Antonio de Bilbao, Manolito la Rosa and El Batato. Although there are female flamenco dancers who exclusively danced farruca too (such as Rafaela Valverde "La Tanguera"), these female dancers originally danced the farruca wearing male clothing. Women dancers such as Carmen Amaya and Sara Baras have also created well-known versions of the dance.

## History

Farruco is a way of calling the Franciscos and the Asturians in Andalusia. Farruco was also the name that people from Andalusia used to denominate people from Galicia, from where this song likely originates. In Flamenco, being mostly an oral tradition, the lyrics often give valuable hints about their origins, and Farruca lyrics undoubtedly allude to the Galicia region. Further proof can be established from the descending melody that is performed on the vowel 'a' at the end of each couplet and to close the "cante" (Spanish for song or singing), which in a certain way tends to imitate the Galician melos. Another feature of Farruca cante is the use of glossolalia, "con el tran-tran-tran-treiro", which is reminiscent of the Galician region. It has to be stressed, though, that to this day its geographic origin has not been proven scientifically.

## Dance

The original dance version is due to the Sevillian dancer Faíco who was accompanied by Ramón Montoya, who is said to have invented the typical farruca melody for the guitar. The success was thunderous and from then on many other dancers stylized and expanded this flamenco style, such as El Gato or Antonio Gades. Montoya's dance adaptation of the farruca is seldom sung. It is commonly played in the key of A minor, with each compás equivalent to 2 measures of 4/4 time with emphasis on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th beats: **\[1\]** 2 **\[3\]** 4 **\[5\]** 6 **\[7\]** 8

The dance often has fast turns, quick intense footwork, held lifts and falls, dramatic poses and bursts of filigrana (often with a flat hand). It can also be danced with a cape.

## Bibliography


title: Vasily Kuznetsov (general)

abstract: Vasily Ivanovich Kuznetsov was a Soviet general and a Hero of the Soviet Union.

text:
# Vasily Kuznetsov (general)

**Vasily Ivanovich Kuznetsov** (Russian: *Василий Иванович Кузнецов*; 15 January \[O.S. 3 January\] 1894 – 20 June 1964) was a Soviet general and a Hero of the Soviet Union.

## Life and career

Kuznetsov was born to a working-class family in Ust-Usolka, Solikamsky Uyezd, Perm Governorate. In April 1915 he was drafted into the Imperial Russian Army, taking part in World War I. In March 1916 he completed officer training in Kazan, attaining the rank of a Podporuchik in July.

In August 1918, after the October Revolution, he joined the Red Army, serving in the Russian Civil War first as a company commander and later as a deputy regimental commander. In October 1923 he was appointed commander of 89th Rifle Regiment.

He joined the Communist Party in 1928. During 1929 he undertook advanced officers' training, and he graduated from the Frunze Academy in 1936. In October 1936 he became the 99th Rifle Division's commander. In July 1937, he was transferred to head the 16th Rifle Corps.

During September 1939, Komkor Kuznetsov participated in the Invasion of Poland as chief of the Vitebsk and Polotsk Army Groups. On 4 June 1940, with the introduction of new ranks, he became a lieutenant general.

### World War 2

On 22 June 1941, Kuznetsov's 3rd Army was stationed in Belarus, as part of the Western Front. It was overwhelmed and surrounded by German forces. In July, he and the remains of his formation broke out and returned to the Soviet lines. This feat earned him praise from Stalin when he issued Order No. 270. In late August, he was sent to command the Southwestern Front's 21st Army, but his force suffered crushing defeat once more in the Battle of Kiev. On October, he was appointed to command the Kharkov Military District, but reassigned to head the 1st Shock Army on 23 November, with which he took part in the Battle of Moscow. His units liberated Klin and Solnechnogorsk.

In February 1942, the Army relocated to the north, taking part in the Demyansk operation. On July, Kuznetsov was given command of the 63rd Army, positioned near Stalingrad. The formation was renamed 1st Guards Army on November. For his conduct in the campaign, Kuznetsov was awarded the Order of Suvorov 1st Class. On 25 March 1943 he was promoted to the rank of Colonel General. The 1st Guards later took part in the battles for the Donbass region and in the Dniepr crossing. On 15 December, Kuznetsov was appointed Bagramyan's deputy in the 1st Baltic Front. In this capacity he participated in the campaigns for Belarus, the Baltics and East Prussia. The Front was disbanded on late February 1945, and Kuznetsov assumed command over the 1st Belorussian's 3rd Shock Army on 16 March. The Army was involved in the urban fighting inside Berlin; On 30 April, one of its formations, the 150th Rifle Division, stormed the Reichstag. Its soldiers hoisted the Victory Banner atop of the building.

### Post-war career

On 29 May 1945, Kuznetsov was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union (Medal no. 6460) for his performance. After the war, he remained the 3rd Army's commander in Germany for a while, then attended the Voroshilov Academy, graduating in 1948. He served as chairman of the Voluntary Society for Cooperation with the Army and later of DOSAAF. From 1953 to 1957, he headed the Volga Military District. Until his retirement in 1960, he served in the Ministry of Defense. Kuznetsov was a deputy in the 2nd and 4th Convocations of the Supreme Soviet. He died in Moscow in 1964.

## Honours and awards

Soviet Union

|  | Hero of the Soviet Union (29 May 1945) |
| --- | --- |
|  | Order of Lenin, twice (21 February 1945, 29 May 1945) |
|  | Order of the Red Banner, five times (22 February 1928, 22 February 1941, 2 January 1942, 3 November 1944, 20 June 1949) |
|  | Order of Suvorov, 1st class (28 January 1943) |
|  | Order of Suvorov, 2nd class (26 October 1943) |
|  | Medal "For the Defence of Stalingrad" (22 December 1942) |
|  | Medal "For the Defence of Moscow" (1 May 1944) |
|  | Medal "For the Liberation of Warsaw" (9 June 1945) |
|  | Medal "For the Capture of Berlin" (9 June 1945) |
|  | Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" (9 May 1945) |
|  | Jubilee Medal "XX Years of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army" (1938) |
|  | Jubilee Medal "30 Years of the Soviet Army and Navy" (1948) |
|  | Jubilee Medal "40 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" (1958) |
|

Foreign Awards

|  | Commander of the Legion of Honour (France) |
| --- | --- |
|  | Knight's Cross of the Virtuti Militari (Poland) |
|  | Order of the Cross of Grunwald, 3rd class (Poland) |
|

## InfoBox

| Vasily Kuznetsov | |
| --- | --- |
| Colonel General Vasily Kuznetsov. | |
| Born | (1894-01-15)15 January 1894
Ust-Osolka, Solikamsky Uyezd, Perm Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Died | 20 June 1964(1964-06-20) (aged 70)
Moscow, Soviet Union |
| Buried | Novodevichy Cemetery |
| Allegiance | Russian Empire (1915–1917)
Soviet Union (1917–1960) |
| Service/branch | Imperial Russian Army
Red Army |
| Years of service | 1915–1960 |
| Rank | Colonel General |
| Commands | 3rd Army
21st Army
58th Army
19th Army
1st Shock Army
63rd Army
1st Guards Army
3rd Shock Army
Volga Military District |
| Battles/wars | World War I
Russian Civil War
World War II |
| Awards | Hero of the Soviet Union |


title: Repeal of Stream Protection Rule

abstract: The Repeal of the Stream Protection Rule was a House Joint Resolution introduced in the United States House of Representatives by Bill Johnson of Ohio on January 30, 2017. The resolution nullifies the Department of the Interior regulation known as the "Stream Protection Rule", which was established in the Obama Administration. The regulation was scheduled to go into effect on January 19, 2017. The resolution to repeal was signed into law by President Donald Trump on February 16, 2017. The Congress used its powers under the Congressional Review Act to pass this resolution.

text:
# Repeal of Stream Protection Rule

The **Repeal of the Stream Protection Rule** (formally known as **Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of the Interior known as the Stream Protection Rule** Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 115–5 (text) (PDF), H.J.Res. 38) was a House Joint Resolution introduced in the United States House of Representatives by Bill Johnson of Ohio on January 30, 2017. The resolution nullifies the Department of the Interior regulation known as the "Stream Protection Rule", which was established in the Obama Administration. The regulation was scheduled to go into effect on January 19, 2017. The resolution to repeal was signed into law by President Donald Trump on February 16, 2017.

The Congress used its powers under the Congressional Review Act to pass this resolution.

## InfoBox

Repeal of the Stream Protection Rule
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Long title | Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of the Interior known as the Stream Protection Rule. |
| Enacted by | the 115th United States Congress |
| Effective | 02/16/2017 |
| Citations | |
| Public law | Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 115–5 (text) (PDF) |
| Legislative history | |
|  | |


title: Repealing and Amending Act, 2015

abstract: The Repealing and Amending Act, 2015 is an Act of the Parliament of India that repealed 35 obsolete Acts, and also amended the provisions of The Prohibition of Manual Scavengers Act, 2013, and the Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2011 to correct typographical and certain patent errors. It was the first such repealing Act aimed at repealing obsolete laws tabled in Parliament by the Narendra Modi administration.

text:
# Repealing and Amending Act, 2015

The **Repealing and Amending Act, 2015** is an Act of the Parliament of India that repealed 35 obsolete Acts, and also amended the provisions of The Prohibition of Manual Scavengers Act, 2013, and the Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2011 to correct typographical and certain patent errors. It was the first such repealing Act aimed at repealing obsolete laws tabled in Parliament by the Narendra Modi administration.

## Background and legislative history

Prime Minister Narendra Modi advocated the repeal of old laws during his 2014 general election campaign. At the 2015 Economic Times Global Business Summit, Modi stated, "Our country suffers from an excess of old and unnecessary laws which obstruct people and businesses. We began the exercise of identifying unnecessary laws and repealing them. 1,877 Central laws have been identified for repeal."

*The Repealing and Amending Bill, 2014* was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 11 August 2014 by the Minister of Law and Justice, Ravi Shankar Prasad. The bill sought to repeal 36 Acts and pass amendments to two Acts. The bill sought to completely repeal The Indian Fisheries Act, 1897, The Foreign Jurisdiction Act, 1947, The Sugar Undertakings (Taking Over of Management) Act, 1978 and The Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993. The remaining 32 were all amending acts whose changes had been incorporated into the existing Acts. The bill also sought to amend provisions of The Prohibition of Manual Scavengers Act, 2013, and The Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2011 so as to correct typographical and certain patent errors, such as the year of enactment.

The bill was referred to the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law and Justice on 22 September. The Committee submitted its report on the bill on 19 December 2015. The report recommended that the bill be passed, however, it opposed the repeal of the Manual Scavenging and Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993. The Committee also suggested that the government consider adding a sunset clause to amending act to ensure that they would be repealed automatically and would not remain in the statute books after their purpose was achieved.

The bill, as recommended by the Committee, was passed by the Lok Sabha on 18 March and by the Rajya Sabha on 5 May 2015. The bill received assent from President Pranab Mukherjee on 13 May 2015, and was notified in *The Gazette of India* on the same day.

## Repealed Acts

The following 35 acts, included in the bill's First Schedule, were completely repealed:

|  | Year | Act No. | Short title | Extent of repeal |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1897 | 4 | The Indian Fisheries Act, 1897 | The whole |
| 2 | 1947 | 47 | The Foreign Jurisdiction Act, 1947 | The whole |
| 3 | 1978 | 49 | The Sugar Undertakings (Taking Over of Management) Act, 1978 | The whole |
| 4 | 1999 | 30 | The Representation of the People (Amendment) Act, 1999 | The whole |
| 5 | 1999 | 33 | The Indian Majority (Amendment) Act, 1999 | The whole |
| 6 | 1999 | 34 | The Administrators-General (Amendment) Act, 1999 | The whole |
| 7 | 1999 | 36 | The Notaries (Amendment) Act, 1999 | The whole |
| 8 | 1999 | 39 | The Marriage Laws (Amendment) Act, 1999 | The whole |
| 9 | 2001 | 30 | The Repealing and Amending Act, 2001 | The whole |
| 10 | 2001 | 49 | The Mariage Laws (Amendment) Act, 2001 | The whole |
| 11 | 2001 | 51 | The Indian Divorce (Amendment) Act, 2001 | The whole |
| 12 | 2002 | 26 | The Indian Succession (Amendment) Act, 2002 | The whole |
| 13 | 2002 | 37 | The Legal Services Authorities (Amendment) Act, 2002 | The whole |
| 14 | 2002 | 72 | The Representation of the People (Third Amendment) Act, 2002 | The whole |
| 15 | 2003 | 3 | The Transfer of Property (Amendment) Act, 2002 | The whole |
| 16 | 2003 | 4 | The Indian Evidence (Amendment) Act, 2002 | The whole |
| 17 | 2003 | 6 | The Representation of the People (Second Amendment) Act, 2002 | The whole |
| 18 | 2003 | 9 | The Representation of the People (Amendment) Act, 2002 | The whole |
| 19 | 2003 | 24 | The Election Laws (Amendment) Act, 2003 | The whole |
| 20 | 2003 | 40 | The Representation of the People (Amendment) Act, 2003 | The whole |
| 21 | 2003 | 46 | The Election and Other Related Laws (Amendment) Act, 2003 | The whole |
| 22 | 2003 | 50 | The Marriage Laws (Amendment) Act, 2003 | The whole |
| 23 | 2004 | 2 | The Representation of the People (Second Amendment) Act, 2003 | The whole |
| 24 | 2004 | 3 | The Delimitation (Amendment) Act, 2003 | The whole |
| 25 | 2005 | 4 | The Delegated Legislation Provisions (Amendment) Act, 2004 | The whole |
| 26 | 2005 | 39 | The Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 | The whole |
| 27 | 2006 | 31 | The Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification) Amendment Act, 2006 | The whole |
| 28 | 2008 | 9 | The Delimitation (Amendment) Act, 2008 | The whole |
| 29 | 2008 | 10 | The Representation of the People (Amendment) Act, 2008 | The whole |
| 30 | 2009 | 41 | The Representation of the People (Amendment) Act, 2009 | The whole |
| 31 | 2010 | 30 | The Personal Laws (Amendment) Act, 2010 | The whole |
| 32 | 2010 | 36 | The Representation of the People (Amendment) Act, 2010 | The whole |
| 33 | 2012 | 29 | The Anand Marriage (Amendment) Act, 2012 | The whole |
| 34 | 2012 | 33 | The Administrators-General (Amendment) Act, 2012 | The whole |
| 35 | 2013 | 28 | The Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification) Amendment Act, 2013 | The whole |

* List of legislations repealed under Modi government

## InfoBox

| Repealing and Amending Act, 2015 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Parliament of India | |
| **Long title** * An Act to repeal certain enactments and to amend certain other enactments. | |
| Citation | Act No. 17 of 2015 |
| Territorial extent | India |
| Passed by | Lok Sabha |
| Passed | 18 March 2015 |
| Passed by | Rajya Sabha |
| Passed | 5 May 2015 |
| Assented to | 13 May 2015 |
| Commenced | 13 May 2015 |
| Legislative history | |
| First chamber: Lok Sabha | |
| Bill title | The Repealing and Amending Bill, 2014 |
| Bill citation | Bill No. 95 of 2014 |
| Introduced by | Ravi Shankar Prasad |
| Introduced | 11 August 2014 |
| Committee report | Standing Committee Report |
| Related legislation | |
|  | |
| **Status:** Spent | |


abstract: Residential water use includes all indoor and outdoor uses of drinking quality water at single-family and multifamily dwellings. These uses include a number of defined purposes such as flushing toilets, washing clothes and dishes, showering and bathing, drinking, food preparation, watering lawns and gardens, and maintaining swimming pools. Some of these end uses are detectable while others are more difficult to gauge.

text:
# Residential water use in the U.S. and Canada

**Residential water use** (also called domestic use, household use, or tap water use) includes all indoor and outdoor uses of drinking quality water at single-family and multifamily dwellings. These uses include a number of defined purposes (or water end uses) such as flushing toilets, washing clothes and dishes, showering and bathing, drinking, food preparation, watering lawns and gardens, and maintaining swimming pools. Some of these end uses are detectable (and measurable) while others are more difficult to gauge.

## Water use measurement

The approximate average quantities of water applied toward specific purposes have to be estimated because only total use of residential customers is metered and recorded for time periods of one month or longer (although the AMR and advance metering infrastructure (AMI) technologies allow for more frequent readings). In the United States, a nationwide compilation of these metered quantities by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) shows average domestic water deliveries (for both indoor and outdoor purposes) by public water suppliers to single-family and multifamily dwellings were about 89 gallons (337 liters) per person per day in 2010 and 83 gallons (314 liters) in 2015. Since early 1980s, the increasing public interest in water conservation prompted questions about consumers’ water-using behaviors and measurement of average quantities of water applied to each domestic purpose. In mid-1990s, the first national study of residential end uses of water was conducted in the U.S. acquiring high resolution data directly from the customer's water meter and analyzing flow traces to assign each measured water-using event to a specific end use. Several detailed studies of domestic end uses of water in North America and elsewhere followed. In 2016, an update study of residential end uses of water, sponsored by the Water Research Foundation (WRF) was completed and is the most current source of data on the various purposes of residential water use described here.

## Indoor use and end uses

Indoor water use includes water flows through fixtures and appliances inside the house. The average daily indoor water use per household (averaging 2.65 people in the North American sample) ranged from zero to 644 gphd (gallons per household per day) and averaged 138 gphd, with standard deviation of about 80 gphd (or 521 liters per day and standard deviation of 300 liters). The equivalent average use per person is 52.1 gpcd (gallons per capita per day) or 197 liters per capita per day. Because the distribution of indoor use in the sample of homes is positively skewed, a more appropriate measure of central tendency is the median, which is about 125 gphd (or 472 lphd). Toilet flushing is the largest indoor use of water, followed by flows through kitchen and bathroom faucets, showers, clothes washers, leaks, bathtubs, other/miscellaneous uses, and dishwashers. Since the late 1990s, total indoor use has decreased by 22 percent, primarily due to the improved water efficiency of clothes washers and toilets, among other low-flow fixtures.

### Toilet flushing

On average, toilets are flushed 5 times a day per person and represent the single highest use of water in the average home. Toilet flushing makes up about 24% of overall household water consumption (at average daily volume of 33.1 gphd or 125 lphd). Currently, the average flushing volume for all sampled toilets is 2.6 gallons per flush (gpf) (or 9.8 liters per flush (lpf)). Future reduction in toilet end use will occur as more homes use low-flush toilets (1.6 gpf, or 6 lpf) mandated by the 1992 Energy Policy Act, or high efficiency toilets (1.28 gpf or 4.85 lpf) which meet the EPA WaterSense specifications. A recent study shows that about 21 percent of all toilets in 5 states (Arizona, California, Colorado, Georgia and Texas) have a flushing volume that exceeds 1.6 gallons/flush.

### Showering

In an average home, showering is the second largest water use after toilets. The average shower uses 15.8 gallons (59.7 liters) and lasts for 7.7 minutes at average flow rate of 2.1 gallons per minute (gpm) (7.9 liters per minute). On average, in a household of average size (2.65 persons) 12.4 showers are taken each week. For comparison, a navy shower lasts only 2 minutes and can use less than 3 gallons (11.4 liters) of water. The most water-frugal approach is used by the crew of the International Space Station (ISS) who use less than 1 gallon (4 liters) to bathe. For showerheads, the standard for maximum flow rate continues to be 2.5 gallons per minute (gpm) (9.4 liters per minute (lpm)) as set by the Energy Policy Act of 1992. However, manufacturers now offer ultra-efficiency showerheads with maximum flow rate below 2.0 gpm (7.6 lpm). Examples include a showerhead with flow rate of 1.75 gpm (6.61 lpm) at high water pressure and 1.45 gpm (5.48 lpm) at low pressure, or a showerhead with three pressure compensated flow rates (by non-removable pressure compensator) with options of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 gpm (1.9, 3.8, 5.7 lpm). A widespread use of more efficient showerheads (with flow rates of 1.6 gpm) would reduce average water use for showering by 2 gphd (7.6 lphd)(or by 8 percent).

### Baths

In addition to showering, baths were recorded in 47 percent of the sampled households in which 2.7 baths were taken each week (or, on average, 1.3 per week across all sampled households). Each bath uses on average 20.2 gallons (or 76.5 liters) of water.

### Faucet flows

Water flowing through opened faucets (including kitchen, bathroom, utility sink faucets, and hose bibs) accounts for 19 percent (26.3 gphd, or 100 lphd) of total indoor water use in an average household where faucets are used 51 times per day. On average, faucets are opened for 30 seconds at a flow of 1 gpm (gallons per minute) and an average discharge of 0.5 gallons (1.9 liters) per each use.

### Clothes washing

Washing laundry is a significant use of water in the average home, accounting for 17% of the average indoor use. The average size family washes 5.4 loads of laundry each week. Each load uses on average 29.3 gallons (111 liters) of water. According to EPA, a full-sized Energy Star certified clothes washer (with "water factor" - WF ≤ 8.0 gal/cycle/ft^3) should use on average 15 gallons (57 liters) of water per load, compared to at least two times that volume used by a standard machine. Currently, about one fourth of American homes use less than 20 gallons (76 liters) per load, with the average volume of 31 gallons (57 liters) per load.

### Indoor leaks

Leaks, or flows of water without a discernible purpose, were observed in nearly 90 percent of monitored homes. The loss of water through leaks accounted for 12 percent of average indoor water use. Estimated loss of water in average household is 6200 gallons (23,500 liters) per year. Common types of leaks include running toilets, slow-leaking toilet flappers, partially opened or dripping faucets, and other cracked or open supply lines. While all observed leaks are included in indoor use, some leaks could occur on outdoor bibs or water features.

### Dish washing

Dishes can be washed by hand in a sink or in an automatic dishwasher (DW), which was present in 84 percent of the end use study homes. The average American family washes approximately 1.8 dishwasher loads each week. The average water volume per load was 6.1 gpl (23 lpl) and dishwashers accounted for about 1 percent of total indoor use. The EPA’s Energy Star Most Efficient 2017 dishwashers use 2.4 to 3.2 gallons (or 9 to 12 liters) per cycle.

## Variability of water usage

Residential indoor water use can vary considerably across households depending on the number of residents (or more specifically, on the size and family composition of each household) and other circumstances (both systematic and random). It also depends on the contribution of the various domestic purposes of water use to the variability of total indoor use. The distributions of the observed average daily volumes for eight major end uses of water also shows considerable variability and a skew toward the right hand tails of the distributions (the data on the figure with distributions of end use volumes are truncated at 120 gpd to enhance the separation of the distribution graphs; in order to include all observations within the right tail of the distributions would require extending the horizontal scale to 560 gpd (to capture the maximum observed volumes of 553 gphd for leaks, 345 gphd for faucets and 223 gphd for toilets). Among the eight indoor end uses, five (i.e., leaks, toilet flushing, showering, clothes washing and faucet use) show pronounced right skew in their distributions that contributes to the “fatter” and longer right-hand tail in total indoor use. Significant reductions in some end uses of water could be achieved not only through the adoption of efficient technologies (i.e., fixtures and appliances) but also through consumers' small behavioral changes to reduce water use and wastage and by eliminating customer side leakage through automated metering and leak alert programs.

## Outdoor use

The outdoor residential water use includes landscape irrigation, filling and back washing swimming pools, water used through outdoor faucets (hose bibs) for washing pavement and cars, and other outdoor uses. Annual outdoor use in North American cities differs by climatic region and ranged from 13,000 gallons in Waterloo, Canada to 120,400 gallons in Scottsdale, Arizona. The average outdoor use across 9 sampled cities in the Water Research Foundation study was 50,500 gallons per household per year or 138 gallons per day (524 liters per day). Nearly 17 percent of homes irrigate their landscapes in excess of theoretical irrigation requirement. If excess irrigation could be eliminated, the average outdoor use would drop by 8,200 gallons per house, or by 16 percent.


title: Joseph Musch

abstract: Joseph B. "Prince" Musch was a Belgian football (soccer) player who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was a member of the Belgium team, which won the gold medal in the football tournament. Joseph played for R.U. Saint-Gilloise and appeared in 258 matches scoring 113 goals.

text:
# Joseph Musch

**Joseph B. "Prince" Musch** (12 October 1893 – 25 September 1971) was a Belgian football (soccer) player who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was a member of the Belgium team, which won the gold medal in the football tournament. Joseph played for R.U. Saint-Gilloise and appeared in 258 matches scoring 113 goals.

## InfoBox

| Olympic medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Men's Football | | |
|  | 1920 Antwerp | Team Competition |


title: Resti family

abstract: The House of Resti or Restić, was a Ragusan noble family. It was an old patrician family, originating in Dalmatia.

text:
# Resti family

The **House of Resti** or **Restić**, was a Ragusan noble family. It was an old patrician family, originating in Dalmatia.

## History

In the 14th century, it was made up of two branches. In the beginning of the 15th century Ragusan nobility were present in Novo Brdo as merchants or mining lords; Resti were also present. After 1808, with the French occupation and division of the Ragusan nobility into two groups, the family joined the Salamancanists, along with the Bassegli, Benessa, Bonda, Buća, Giorgi, Bona, Gradi, Ragnina, and Tudisi, while Gondola, Palmotta, Proculo were Sorbonnists; the rest of Ragusan nobility had branches, more or less, in both groups.

## Members

* Vita de Resti
* Michael de Resti (1389–1396), Ragusan merchant, active at Drijeva.
* Michael de Resti (fl. 1420), procurator at the Bosnian court
* Giunio Resti (1671–1735), historian.
* Giunio Resti (1755–1814), politician, governor and writer

## Annotations

1. Also spelt *Rasti*. The name has been Slavicized into *Restić* and *Rastić*.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Resti<br>Restić | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Country | Republic of Ragusa |
| Founded | 14th century |


title: Restheniini

abstract: Restheniini is a tribe of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are at least 4 genera and 30 described species in Restheniini.

text:
# Restheniini

**Restheniini** is a tribe of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are at least 4 genera and 30 described species in Restheniini.

## Genera

These four genera belong to the tribe Restheniini:

Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Restheniini | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Prepops* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Family: | Miridae |
| Subfamily: | Mirinae |
| Tribe: | Restheniini<br>Reuter, 1905 |
|


title: Joseph Cucchiara

abstract: Joseph Cucchiara (郭怡雅) was born in Sicily, Italy in 1889. He joined Salesians of Don Bosco in 1907. After the outbreak of World War I, he followed the armies and served in hospitals. He was delegated to the diocese of Shiu Chow (Shaoguan) of Kwangtung (Guangdong in 1911. He worked hard and founded many churches and schools in the area. After communists came to the area, most of these structures were in hand of communists. He was then sent to work in Aberdeen Technical School in Hong Kong. At the meantime, he helped the sisters of Sisters Announcers of the Lord from Shiu Chow to Hong Kong. He dedicated much effort to help the sisters open Tak Nga Primary School and Tak Nga Secondary School. He died in Canossa Hospital on 18 December 1966 and buried in Happy Valley, Hong Kong. The sisters from Sisters Announcers of the Lord founded a school on Tsing Yi Island and named it Father Cucchiara Memorial School to memorise his contribution.

text:
# Joseph Cucchiara

**Joseph Cucchiara** (郭怡雅) was born in Sicily, Italy in 1889. He joined Salesians of Don Bosco in 1907. After the outbreak of World War I, he followed the armies and served in hospitals.

He was delegated to the diocese of Shiu Chow (Shaoguan) of Kwangtung (Guangdong in 1911. He worked hard and founded many churches and schools in the area. After communists came to the area, most of these structures were in hand of communists. He was then sent to work in Aberdeen Technical School in Hong Kong. At the meantime, he helped the sisters of Sisters Announcers of the Lord from Shiu Chow to Hong Kong. He dedicated much effort to help the sisters open Tak Nga Primary School and Tak Nga Secondary School. He died in Canossa Hospital on 18 December 1966 and buried in Happy Valley, Hong Kong.

The sisters from Sisters Announcers of the Lord founded a school on Tsing Yi Island and named it Father Cucchiara Memorial School to memorise his contribution.


title: Veedhi

abstract: Veedhi is a 2006 Telugu-language film directed by V Dorairaj. The film stars Sharwanand and Gopika with newcomers Nataraj, Santhosh, and Aryan in important roles. Vinay Varma plays a negative role.

text:
# Veedhi

***Veedhi*** (transl.Street) is a 2006 Telugu-language film directed by V Dorairaj. The film stars Sharwanand and Gopika with newcomers Nataraj, Santhosh, and Aryan in important roles. Vinay Varma plays a negative role.

## Cast

## Production

The story is based on a true incident that happened in Bihar. The shooting of the film ended on 3 June 2006. Raju Voopati, who previously directed *Dham* rechristened himself as V Dorairaj for this film. The film is produced by Ushakiran Movies and has music by Anup Rubens. This film marks Rubens's second collaboration with Ushakiran Movies after *Chitram* (2000).

## Release

The film was scheduled to release at the end of June, but was delayed.

The film was released to mixed reviews from critics.

*Sify* gave the film a rating of three out of five and wrote that "*Veedhi* is a dead end and most inept movie of the year award should go to its director Dorairaj". *The Full Hyderabad* wrote that "The film has lesser logic than a bowl of goldfish – what lend it some platform of watchability are the performances". On the contrary, the critic praised the comedy sequences and performances of the newcomers.

## InfoBox

| Veedhi | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | V. Dorairaj |
| Written by | R Pruthvi Raj (dialogues) |
| Screenplay by | V. Dorairaj |
| Story by | V. Dorairaj |
| Produced by | Ramoji Rao |
| Starring | Sharwanand
Gopika |
| Cinematography | Bharani K. Dharan |
| Edited by | Basva Paidireddy |
| Music by | Anup Rubens |
| Production
company | Ushakiran Movies |
| Release date | * 10 August 2006 (2006-08-10) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Telugu |


title: Joseph Goldwasser

abstract: Joseph Goldwasser was a Americanized Polish Jewish businessman. He is known for leading an unofficial investigation in the lynching of Robert Mallard.

text:
# Joseph Goldwasser

**Joseph Goldwasser** (c.1919c.1971) was a Americanized Polish Jewish businessman. He is known for leading an unofficial investigation in the lynching of Robert Mallard.

## Biography

Joseph Goldwasser was born c.1919 grew up in Łódź, Poland, in a family of 10 children. In 1938, when he was 19, he fled to Russia by himself after hearing a warning of the occupation of Poland. He spent World War II in Russia, including a year inside a Gulag. After the war, he fled to Uzbekistan.

Goldwasser later moved to Cleveland, Ohio, and married Draza Goldwasser. He ran a tire business called "Trey Packing" in an old synagogue. The synagogue later burnt down, and he remodeled the building into a department store named the "Peerless Department Store". Goldwasser often employed African Americans who moved from the Southern United States. He was a member of the NAACP's Cleveland branch, and launched an unofficial investigation on the lynching of Robert Mallard.

Goldwasser died c.1971, at the age of 52 from a heart attack.

## InfoBox

| Joseph Goldwasser | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | c.1919
Łódź, Poland |
| Died | c.1971 |
| Citizenship | Poland
United States |
| Occupation | Businessman |
| Known for | Investigation of the lynching of Robert Mallard |
| Spouse | Draza |


title: Joseph Gomer (missionary)

abstract: Joseph Gomer (1834–1892) was an African American missionary on behalf of the United Brethren Church active in Sierra Leone. Gomer was born in Michigan. During the American Civil War he served in the Union Army. Following the end of the war he settled in Dayton, Ohio. Here he became involved with the United Brethren Church. He married Mary Wiley, and in 1870 the couple were approved by the church for approved for missionary work in Sierra Leone, where they arrived in 1871. Here they were stationed at Shenge, Sherbro Island. They joined a mission station which had been founded in 1855 and which grew coffee and rubber trees. Gomer introduced improved farming methods. Following a fund-raising tour of the United States, he established an industrial school. He remained in Sierra Leone, where he would die of apoplexy.

text:
# Joseph Gomer (missionary)

**Joseph Gomer** (1834–1892) was an African American missionary on behalf of the United Brethren Church active in Sierra Leone.

Gomer was born in Michigan. During the American Civil War he served in the Union Army. Following the end of the war he settled in Dayton, Ohio. Here he became involved with the United Brethren Church. He married Mary Wiley, and in 1870 the couple were approved by the church for approved for missionary work in Sierra Leone, where they arrived in 1871. Here they were stationed at Shenge, Sherbro Island. They joined a mission station which had been founded in 1855 and which grew coffee and rubber trees. Gomer introduced improved farming methods. Following a fund-raising tour of the United States, he established an industrial school.

He remained in Sierra Leone, where he would die of apoplexy.


title: Josef Beránek

abstract: Josef Beránek is a Czech former professional ice hockey player and coach. He was selected in the fourth round of the 1989 NHL Entry Draft, 78th overall, by the Edmonton Oilers. He has extensive professional playing experience, in the Czech Republic, the AHL, and the NHL. At the NHL level, he has played for the Oilers, Philadelphia Flyers, Vancouver Canucks, and Pittsburgh Penguins. He ended his playing career with HC Slavia Praha in the Czech Republic. In 1998, Beránek was part of the Czech Republic's gold-medal winning Olympic ice hockey team. His father Josef Beránek Sr. (1942–2024) was an ice hockey forward (Litvínov) and coach.

text:
# Josef Beránek

**Josef Beránek** (Czech pronunciation: \[ˈjozɛv ˈbɛraːnɛk\]; born 25 October 1969) is a Czech former professional ice hockey player and coach. He was selected in the fourth round of the 1989 NHL Entry Draft, 78th overall, by the Edmonton Oilers. He has extensive professional playing experience, in the Czech Republic, the AHL, and the NHL. At the NHL level, he has played for the Oilers, Philadelphia Flyers, Vancouver Canucks, and Pittsburgh Penguins. He ended his playing career with HC Slavia Praha in the Czech Republic. In 1998, Beránek was part of the Czech Republic's gold-medal winning Olympic ice hockey team.

His father Josef Beránek Sr. (1942–2024) was an ice hockey forward (Litvínov) and coach (Litvínov, Karlovy Vary, Slavia Prague).

## Career statistics

### Regular season and playoffs

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1987–88 | TJ CHZ Litvínov | CSSR Jr | | 40 | 38 | 42 | 80 | 75 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1987–88 | TJ CHZ Litvínov | CSSR | | 14 | 7 | 4 | 11 | 12 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1988–89 | TJ CHZ Litvínov | CSSR | | 23 | 14 | 8 | 22 | 47 | | 9 | 4 | 2 | 6 |  |
| 1989–90 | ASVŠ Dukla Trenčín | CSSR | | 49 | 19 | 23 | 42 |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1990–91 | CHZ Litvínov | CSSR | | 50 | 27 | 27 | 54 | 98 | | 8 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 0 |
| 1991–92 | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | | 58 | 12 | 16 | 28 | 18 | | 12 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| 1992–93 | Cape Breton Oilers | AHL | | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 8 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1992–93 | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | | 26 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 28 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1992–93 | Philadelphia Flyers | NHL | | 40 | 13 | 12 | 25 | 50 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1993–94 | Philadelphia Flyers | NHL | | 80 | 28 | 21 | 49 | 85 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1994–95 | Dadák Vsetín | CZE | | 16 | 7 | 7 | 14 | 26 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1994–95 | Philadelphia Flyers | NHL | | 14 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1994–95 | Vancouver Canucks | NHL | | 37 | 8 | 13 | 21 | 28 | | 11 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 12 |
| 1995–96 | Vancouver Canucks | NHL | | 61 | 6 | 14 | 20 | 60 | | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| 1996–97 | Petra Vsetín | CZE | | 38 | 19 | 24 | 43 | 100 | | 3 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 6 |
| 1996–97 | Pittsburgh Penguins | NHL | | 8 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 | | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 1997–98 | Petra Vsetín | CZE | | 45 | 24 | 23 | 47 | 58 | | 10 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 12 |
| 1998–99 | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | | 66 | 19 | 30 | 49 | 23 | | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| 1999–00 | Edmonton Oilers | NHL | | 58 | 9 | 8 | 17 | 39 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1999–00 | Pittsburgh Penguins | NHL | | 13 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 18 | | 11 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| 2000–01 | Pittsburgh Penguins | NHL | | 70 | 9 | 14 | 23 | 43 | | 13 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 2001–02 | Slavia Praha | CZE | | 36 | 13 | 20 | 33 | 71 | | 9 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
| 2002–03 | Slavia Praha | CZE | | 46 | 10 | 21 | 31 | 38 | | 17 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 28 |
| 2003–04 | Slavia Praha | CZE | | 51 | 16 | 47 | 63 | 93 | | 19 | 7 | 11 | 18 | 30 |
| 2004–05 | Slavia Praha | CZE | | 37 | 8 | 17 | 25 | 65 | | 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| 2005–06 | Slavia Praha | CZE | | 50 | 14 | 38 | 52 | 101 | | 15 | 1 | 8 | 9 | 28 |
| 2006–07 | Slavia Praha | CZE | | 52 | 19 | 20 | 39 | 44 | | 6 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 6 |
| 2007–08 | Slavia Praha | CZE | | 50 | 15 | 15 | 30 | 42 | | 12 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
| 2008–09 | Slavia Praha | CZE | | 50 | 15 | 27 | 42 | 36 | | 18 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 14 |
| 2009–10 | Slavia Praha | CZE | | 39 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 6 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| CSSR totals | | | | 136 | 67 | 62 | 129 |  | | 17 | 6 | 6 | 12 |  |
| CZE totals | | | | 510 | 166 | 271 | 437 | 680 | | 116 | 24 | 47 | 71 | 140 |
| NHL totals | | | | 531 | 118 | 144 | 262 | 398 | | 57 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 24 |

### International

| Year | Team | Event |  | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1989 | Czechoslovakia | WJC | | 7 | 4 | 9 | 13 | 6 |
| 1991 | Czechoslovakia | CC | | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 1991 | Czechoslovakia | WC | | 8 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 1993 | Czech Republic | WC | | 8 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 22 |
| 1994 | Czech Republic | WC | | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| 1996 | Czech Republic | WCH | | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| 1998 | Czech Republic | OG | | 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| 1998 | Czech Republic | WC | | 9 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 12 |
| 2004 | Czech Republic | WC | | 7 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 |
| Senior totals | | | | 52 | 10 | 13 | 23 | 56 |

## Transactions

* January 16, 1993 – Edmonton trades Beranek and Greg Hawgood to Philadelphia in exchange for Brian Benning
* February 15, 1995 – Philadelphia trades Beranek to Vancouver in exchange for Shawn Antoski
* March 18, 1997 – Vancouver trades Beranek to Pittsburgh in exchange for future considerations.
* June 16, 1998 – Pittsburgh trades Beranek to Edmonton in exchange for Tony Hrkac and Bobby Dollas
* March 14, 2000 – Edmonton trades Beranek to Pittsburgh in exchange for German Titov

## InfoBox

| Josef Beránek | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Born | (1969-10-25) October 25, 1969
Litvínov, Czechoslovakia | | |
| Height | 6 ft 2 in (188 cm) | | |
| Weight | 185 lb (84 kg; 13 st 3 lb) | | |
| Position | Centre | | |
| Shot | Left | | |
| Played for | TJ CHZ Litvínov
HK Dukla Trenčín
Edmonton Oilers
Philadelphia Flyers
HC Vsetín
Vancouver Canucks
Pittsburgh Penguins
HC Slavia Praha | | |
| National team | Czechoslovakia and
Czech Republic | | |
| NHL draft | 78th overall, 1989
Edmonton Oilers | | |
| Playing career | 19912010 | | |


title: Faustinus and Jovita

abstract: Jovita and Faustinus were said to be Christian martyrs under Hadrian. Their traditional date of death is 120. They are patron saints of Brescia. Faustinus is the patron saint of Pietradefusi.

text:
# Faustinus and Jovita

**Jovita and Faustinus** were said to be Christian martyrs under Hadrian. Their traditional date of death is 120. They are patron saints of Brescia. Faustinus is the patron saint of Pietradefusi.

## Traditional vita

Tradition states that they were members of a noble family of Brescia in Lombardy (northern Italy). Jovinus, the older brother, was a preacher; Faustinus, a deacon. For their fearless preaching of the Gospel, they were arraigned before the Roman Emperor Hadrian, who at Brescia, Rome and Naples, subjected them to frightful torments, after which they were beheaded at Brescia in the year 120. That is the date accepted by the Bollandists, while the historian Paul Allard (*Histoire des Persécutions pendant les Deux Premiers Siècles*, Paris, 1885) gives the year as 118.

Their *Acts* were compiled by Faustinus of Brescia, a bishop of Brescia, said to be a descendant.

## Veneration

The many so-called "Acts" are predominantly the fancy of legend. The Jesuit Fedele Savio questioned nearly every detail handed down, other than that they had been martyred. This is amply attested by their inclusion in so many of the early martyrologies and their extraordinary cult in their native city, where from time immemorial they have been the chief patrons. Savio emphasizes that the saints are not to be confused with the fabulous figures in the *Acts*.

It is believed that they were martyred at a site that either was, or later became, a Roman cemetery. A church was built there called *Santi Faustino e Giovita ad sanguinem*. Its dedication was later changed to Saint Afra. (Saint Afra's was destroyed during the bombing of World War II).

Their common feast day on 15 February, the traditional date of their martyrdom, was inserted into the General Roman Calendar. It was removed in 1969, because their "Acts are completely fabulous, treating Jovita as a preacher, although she was a woman and a man was Faustinus." The two saints remain listed in the Roman Martyrology, the official, though professedly incomplete, list of the saints recognized by the Catholic Church. The cities of Rome, Bologna, Verona, Pietradefusi and Malečnik share with Brescia possession of their relics.

## Cultural legacy

A lake partially in the town of St. Leo, Florida has been called Lake Jovita since its discovery by Judge Edmund F. Dunne on February 15, 1882. The nearby community of San Antonio changed its name to Lake Jovita in 1927 before reverting in 1933.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Sts. Faustinus and Jovita". *Catholic Encyclopedia*. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

## InfoBox

| Saints
Jovita and Faustinus | |
| --- | --- |
| *Virgin Mary and Christ Child with Saints Jovita and Faustinus*, by Vincenzo Foppa. | |
| Martyrs | |
| Born | Brescia |
| Died | 120 AD
Brescia |
| Venerated in | Catholic Church
Eastern Orthodox Church |
| Major shrine | Relics at Rome, Bologna, Verona, Brescia, Pietradefusi |
| Feast | 15 February |
| Attributes | depicted as two knightly brothers holding the palms of martyrdom. Sometimes only Jovita is shown, richly dressed and on horseback; an angel may be shown saving them from drowning; sometimes shown with Faustinus of Brescia |
| Patronage | Brescia |


title: Jorge Legorreta Ordorica

abstract: Jorge Legorreta Ordorica is a Mexican politician affiliated with the PVEM. He served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing the Federal District. He also served as Senator during the LX and LXI Legislatures.

text:
# Jorge Legorreta Ordorica

**Jorge Legorreta Ordorica** (born 15 December 1970) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the PVEM. He served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing the Federal District. He also served as Senator during the LX and LXI Legislatures.

## InfoBox

| Jorge Legorreta Ordorica | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1970-12-15) 15 December 1970<br>Mexico City, Mexico |
| Occupation(s) | Senator and Deputy |
| Political party | PVEM |


title: Fanny Hünerwadel

abstract: Fanny Hünerwadel was a Swiss pianist, singer and composer.

text:
# Fanny Hünerwadel

**Fanny Hünerwadel** (26 January 1826 – 27 April 1854) was a Swiss pianist, singer and composer.

## Life

Hünerwadel was a native of Lenzburg and came from a long-established family of the city. She was the oldest child of the physician Johann Friedrich Hünerwadel and Speerli Regula, who were both avid music lovers. Hünerwadel was first taught music by her mother, and then studied piano under Philipp Tietz, Joseph Breitenbach and Ludwig Kurz. She also belonged to the local choral society.

In 1846 she began studied piano, voice, music theory and composition with Hans Nägeli and Alexander Müller (1808–1863) in Zurich. From 1849, she made public appearances as a singer and pianist, performing benefit concerts at the Universal Music Company in Zurich. She sang in 1851 to inaugurate the new Lenzburg organ. Also, in 1851 she visited Paris and London. In 1852, she played *Rondo Brilliant* by Johann Nepomuk Hummel in a subscription concert of the General Music Society of Zurich, from which today's Tonhalle Orchestra Zurich emerged.

In 1853 as part of her training, she traveled to Florence and Rome. In Florence, she took singing lessons with Romani. In Rome in 1853 she was guest of artists and families Corrodi Imhof and took lessons in singing teacher Parisotti. Hünerwadel died of typhoid on 27 April 1854 in Rome. Six of her seven existing piano songs were posthumously published in 1854.

## Discography

* MGB CD 6153: "Richard Wagner and his composer friends in Zurich". Songs "Morning Song" and "Spring" by Fanny Hünerwadel.

## Further reading

In archives:

* Peter Mieg-Stiftung in Lenzburg (Teilnachlass)
* *Introduction, Variations & Rondo*, Klavierkomposition: im FMF (Frauen Musik Forum) in Bern.

Other:

* Biographisches Lexikon des Aargaus, 1803–1957, (*1958*): p. 371 f.
* Répertoire international des sources musicales / Internationales Quellenlexikon der Musik: *Repertorium Schweizer Komponisten des 19. Jahrhunderts* (in Vorbereitung).
* Werner Breig, *Von Alexander Müller bis Richard Wagner und Franz Liszt: Das musikalische Album der Schweizer Sängerin, Pianistin und Komponistin Fanny Hünerwadel*, in: *Musikalische Quellen - Quellen zur Musikgeschichte. Festschrift für Martin Staehelin zum 65. Geburtstag*, edited by Ulrich Konrad, Göttingen 2002, p. 405-423
* Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart, Personentl. 9, 22003, 529 f.
* Lenzburger Neujahrsblätter (diverse Jahrgänge)


title: Fanny Irvine-Smith

abstract: Fanny Louise Irvine-Smith was a New Zealand teacher, lecturer and writer.

text:
# Fanny Irvine-Smith

**Fanny Louise Irvine-Smith** (10 September 1878 – 20 December 1948) was a New Zealand teacher, lecturer and writer.

## Early life

Irvine-Smith was born in Napier, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand on 10 September 1878. Her father Thomas Smith died in a shipping accident when she was six months old, and her mother Margaret (née Sproule) later remarried.

## Education

Irvine-Smith attended Wellington Girls' College from 1892, and in 1897 began teaching at a private school in Thorndon. She continued her secondary school education however and completed her studies in 1898. In 1901 she entered Victoria University College, continuing to also teach in schools in Hawkes Bay and Taranaki, until finally graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1908. While a student, she was active in student clubs, and was co-founder and co-editor of the student magazine *The Spike.* She both wrote and drew sketches for the magazine for a number of years.

In 1920 Irvine-Smith returned to Victoria and completed a Master of Arts degree in History.

## Career

After completing her master's degree, Irvine-Smith moved from secondary school teaching to a lecturing position at Wellington Teachers College. She lectured in New Zealand history and Māori culture, subjects rarely taught in New Zealand institutions at the time.

Irvine-Smith was also president of the Teachers' College dramatic society and encouraged many students to become involved in acting, both at the college and in Wellington's repertory theatres.

After retiring from lecturing in 1932, Irvine-Smith began researching Wellington's history, writing a book *The Streets of My City,* in which she examined the city's development through the names of its streets and the people who lived there. The book was published just after Irvine-Smith died in 1948, and the first edition sold out in two weeks. The book is still used as a resource on Wellington history to this day.

In 1947, Irvine-Smith successfully organised a petition to the Wellington City Council for a library to be established in the suburb of Khandallah.

## Legacy

The Khandallah Library has a F.L. Irvine-Smith Memorial Collection, a collection of New Zealand works purchased with funds from the royalties of Irvine-Smith's book.

## InfoBox

| Fanny Irvine-Smith | |
| --- | --- |
| Irvine-Smith in 1929 | |
|  | |
| Born | Napier |
| Education | master's degree |
| Occupation | Teacher |
| Employer |  |


title: Fanny J. Bayrhoffer Thelen

abstract: Franziska "Fanny" Johanna Mathilde Bayrhoffer Thelen was member of the Women's Committee of the Panama–California Exposition in 1915 and of the San Diego County Woman's Board of the State and National Defense.

text:
# Fanny J. Bayrhoffer Thelen

**Franziska "Fanny" Johanna Mathilde Bayrhoffer Thelen** (November 15, 1856 – April 28, 1939) was member of the Women's Committee of the Panama–California Exposition in 1915 and of the San Diego County Woman's Board of the State and National Defense.

## Early life

Franziska Bayrhoffer was born on November 15, 1856, in Monroe, Wisconsin, the daughter of Karl Theodor Bayrhoffer (1812–1888) and Charlotte Elisabeth Dratz.

## Career

She was a member of the Library Board and authorized press correspondent for same. She served as a National City Library board member for a number of years. She was a member of the Board of Directors of the San Diego Community Service. For three years she was the president of San Diego Children's Home. She was a member of the Women's Committee of the Panama–California Exposition in 1915 in San Diego. She was a member of San Diego County Woman's Board of the State and National Defense. She received a Red Cross Medal for services during the war. She visited the Naval Hospital every week and brought gifts to veterans and service-men. She was a member of the American Association of University Women, National City Friday Club and several other organizations.

## Personal life

Bayrhoffer moved to California in 1888 and lived at 327 East First St., National City, California. On January 6, 1880, in Omaha, Nebraska, she married Edmund Thelen (1851–1934) and had three children: Max (1880–1972), Paul (1881–1948), and Rolf (1883–1925).

She died on April 28, 1939, and is buried at National City, California.

## Legacy

Her son Max Thelen, a San Francisco attorney, donated the Thelen Shelf, a memorial to his parents, at the National City Library.


title: Reti Bancarie

abstract: Reti Bancarie was an intermediate holding company of Banca Popolare di Lodi Group. BPL's subsidiary reverse takeover listed company Banco di Chiavari e della Riviera Ligure in 2003. in 2006 it was absorbed into BPL.

text:
# Reti Bancarie

**Reti Bancarie** was an intermediate holding company of Banca Popolare di Lodi Group (aka Bipielle; BPL). BPL's subsidiary reverse takeover listed company Banco di Chiavari e della Riviera Ligure in 2003. in 2006 it was absorbed into BPL.

## History

On 21 January 2003 BPL acquired the controlling interests (69.62% or 48,735,000 of 70 million shares) of Banco di Chiavari e della Riviera Ligure (BCRL) from Banca Intesa for €405 million, as well as absorbed their banking activities. BPL offered €7 per shares of BCRL to other shareholders. On 30 June 2003 BPL's sub-holding company Bipielle Retail (which BPL owned 55.46% plus an additional 34.45% through Bipielle Investimenti), owned 87.26% shares of BCRL. In the same year BCRL reversed merger with Bipielle Retail, effectively listed the retail banks in Borsa Italiana. The registered office of the company also relocated to Lucca, Tuscany, as **Reti Bancarie Holding S.p.A.**. The company held the following retail banks: Banca Popolare di Crema (95.01%), Banca Popolare di Cremona (94.81%), Banca Popolare di Mantova (56.35%), Banca Valori (77.70%), Bipielle Società di Gestione del Credito (70% directly; 30% held by CR Lucca), Bipielle International Holding (90%; including Bipielle Bank (Suisse), Bipielle International UK and Bipielle Servizi), Cassa di Risparmio di Lucca (56.99%; including CR Livorno and CR Pisa) and Banca Caripe (51%). At the end of 2003 financial year the company had a shareholders equity of €1.316 billion compare to €216 million as BCRL. After the reversed merger, BPL owned 79.23% shares of Reti Bancarie as at 31 December 1993. The company also reduced its share capitals from €36.4 million to about €17 million, or a net reduction of 37,352,597 shares (from 70 million to 32,647,403).

In May 2004 the company issued new shares in order to raise capitals to privatize the retail subsidiaries. Eventually 15,975,818 new shares (from 32,647,403 to 48,623,221) was issued for €40 each, which made the company recapitalized €639 million. BPL's ownership was diluted to 66.90% as at 31 December 2004. Unipol Assicurazioni, through subsidiary Aurora Assicurazioni, owned 5.79% shares (2,816,000), which purchased from BPL for €173.4 million. The insurance company also had rights to sell their product in the retail banks of Reti Bancarie exclusively for 5-year. Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Lucca owned 1.029% shares (500,550 for €20 million) as at 31 December 2004. The bank foundation also signed an agreement with BPL in July 2004, that the investment had a minimum return rate of Euribor 6 months + 0.40%, as well as BPL would bought back the shares. In 2005 the foundation exchanged their shares with BPL to buy back 9,216,581 shares of CR Lucca, as well as contribute to the recapitalization of CR Lucca, making Reti Bancarie owned 46.28% shares of CR Lucca only. However, the foundation also signed a put option with BPL which the foundation would sell all the shares of CR Lucca.

In 2006 BPL absorbed intermediate holding companies Reti Bancarie and Bipielle Investimenti. Each shares of Reti Bancarie was exchanged with 5 shares of BPL. Aurora Assicurazioni sold their possession to Mediobanca.

## InfoBox

Reti Bancarie S.p.A
| Company type | Società per azioni Holding company |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 2003 (2003) |
| Defunct | 2006 (2006) |
| Fate | Acquired |
| Headquarters | Lucca, Italy |
| Owner | Banca Popolare di Lodi |
| Parent | Banca Popolare di Lodi |
| Website | www.retibancarie.it |


title: Josef Hiršal

abstract: Josef Hiršal was a Czech author, poet and novelist. Hiršal was widely regarded as one of the most important Czech authors of experimental poetry; after early surrealistic writings, he made his literary debut with a collection of poems. Later on, he joined the group of artists around Jiří Kolář, a friend of whom he remained for his entire life and with whom he published children's books in the 1950s after having been forbidden any kind of work during the Soviet occupation. He later on signed the Charter 77. In the 1960s, Hiršal he started writing experimental poetry with partner, poet Bohumila Grögerová. The couple also co-authored several books and translated more than 180 works. Josef Hiršal built a reputation as a translator of foreign works into the Czech language, translating the works of, among others, Christian Morgenstern, Ernst Jandl, Eugène Ionesco, Wolfgang Hildesheimer, Hans Magnus Enzensberger, Franz Kafka, Edgar Allan Poe, Heinrich Heine, H. C. Artmann, Helmut Heissenbüttel, Fernando Pessoa and Torquato Tasso; in 1989, he received the Grand Austrian State Prize for his translations. Josef Hiršal died in September 2003 following an accident with the Prague tram in May in which he was seriously injured. Bohumila Grögerová, who survived him, died on 22 August 2014, at the age of 93.

text:
# Josef Hiršal

**Josef Hiršal** (24 July 1920, Chomutičky – 15 September 2003, Prague) was a Czech author, poet and novelist.

Hiršal was widely regarded as one of the most important Czech authors of experimental poetry; after early surrealistic writings, he made his literary debut with a collection of poems. Later on, he joined the group of artists around Jiří Kolář, a friend of whom he remained for his entire life and with whom he published children's books in the 1950s after having been forbidden any kind of work during the Soviet occupation. He later on signed the Charter 77.

In the 1960s, Hiršal he started writing experimental poetry with partner, poet Bohumila Grögerová. The couple also co-authored several books and translated more than 180 works. Josef Hiršal built a reputation as a translator of foreign works into the Czech language, translating the works of, among others, Christian Morgenstern, Ernst Jandl, Eugène Ionesco, Wolfgang Hildesheimer, Hans Magnus Enzensberger, Franz Kafka, Edgar Allan Poe, Heinrich Heine, H. C. Artmann, Helmut Heissenbüttel, Fernando Pessoa and Torquato Tasso; in 1989, he received the Grand Austrian State Prize for his translations.

Josef Hiršal died in September 2003 following an accident with the Prague tram in May in which he was seriously injured. Bohumila Grögerová, who survived him, died on 22 August 2014, at the age of 93.


title: Veeri

abstract: Veeri is a village in India currently under the jurisdiction of the tehsil Bijbehara and the district Anantnag in southern Kashmir.

text:
# Veeri

**Veeri** is a village in India currently under the jurisdiction of the tehsil Bijbehara and the district Anantnag in southern Kashmir.

## Geography

Veeri is located at an elevation of 5,300 feet (1,600 m) above the sea level .It’s generally believed that the history of Veeri started with the advent of Hazrat Syed Ahmad Roomi (ra) in Veeri in last decade of 14th century. Veeri is at a distance of 2 Kms from river Jhelum and 7 Kms to the north of Anantnag city . Bijbehara hometown is 5 Kms to the south, Srinagar capital city is 56 Kms from Iqbal market Veeri.

## Demographics

At the 2011 census, the total population of Veeri was 2164, of whom 1065 were males and 1099 females.

## InfoBox

| Veeri | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| VeeriLocation in Jammu and Kashmir | |
| Coordinates: 33°46′N 75°08′E / 33.77°N 75.14°E / 33.77; 75.14 | |
| State | Jammu and Kashmir |
| District | Anantnag |
| Tehsil | Bijbehara |
| Elevation | 1,601 m (5,253 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 2,164 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Kashmiri, Urdu, Hindi, Dogri, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Pincode | 192124 |
| Telephone Code | 01932 |
| Vehicle registration | JK03 |
| Sex ratio | 937 / |


title: Renée Sintenis

abstract: Renée Sintenis, née Renate Alice Sintenis, also known as Frau Emil R. Weiss, was a German sculptor, medallist, and graphic artist who worked in Berlin. She created mainly small-sized animal sculptures, female nudes, portraits, and sports statuettes. She is especially known for her Berlin Bear sculptures, which was used as the design for the Berlinale's top film award, the Golden Bear. She was born in Glatz and died in West Berlin. In 1917, she married the painter and writer Emil Rudolf Weiß. In 1928 she won a bronze medal in the art competitions of the Olympic Games for her "Footballeur".

text:
# Renée Sintenis

| Olympic medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Art competitions | | |
|  | 1928 Amsterdam | Sculpture |

**Renée Sintenis**, née **Renate Alice Sintenis** (20 March 1888 – 22 April 1965), also known as **Frau Emil R. Weiss**, was a German sculptor, medallist, and graphic artist who worked in Berlin. She created mainly small-sized animal sculptures, female nudes, portraits, and sports statuettes. She is especially known for her Berlin Bear sculptures, which was used as the design for the Berlinale's top film award, the Golden Bear.

She was born in Glatz and died in West Berlin. In 1917, she married the painter and writer Emil Rudolf Weiß. In 1928 she won a bronze medal in the art competitions of the Olympic Games for her "Footballeur".

## Early life and education

Renate Alice Sintenis was born on 20 March 1888, the first of three children of Elisabeth Margarethe Sintenis, née Friedländer, and Franz Bernhard Sintenis, a lawyer. Her family name is of Huguenot origin (Sintenis is derived from Saint-Denis). She grew up in Neuruppin, where she lived until 1905. The daily proximity to nature influenced her later artistic work.

She spent her childhood and youth in Neuruppin, where her family had moved in 1888. After a short stay in Stuttgart, the family moved to Berlin in 1905, where her father had received a job at the higher court.

Sintenis took drawing lessons while she was still at school, which was followed by studies in decorative sculpture at the teaching institution of the Museum of Applied Arts in Berlin, with Wilhelm Haverkamp and Leo von König in 1907. In the fifth semester, she dropped out of studies to work as his father's secretary on his instructions. She finally evaded the unwanted activity by breaking with her family, which caused her severe problems, including depression, for a long time.

## Career

When Renée Sintenis (as she called herself from then on) met the sculptor Georg Kolbe in 1910, she became his model. She modelled for a now lost life-sized statue.

Inspired by this activity, she began creating in sculpture female nudes, expressive heads like those of André Gide and Joachim Ringelnatz, athletes like the Finnish runner Paavo Nurmi, and self-portraits in drawings, sculptures (in terracotta) and etchings.

After 1915, the concise animal figures emerged, which became the subject of her artistic life. Since she rejected monumentality in sculpture, she mainly created small-format sculptures. These small works of art such as horses, deers, donkeys and dogs, enjoyed great popularity with the public because they were cheaper, suitable as gifts and could be placed in small rooms.

From attending Kolbe's studio, a long-term friendship developed, which he accompanied artistically. In the 1913 Berlin autumn exhibition, the first major exhibition of the Free Secession, Sintenis took part (as in the following years) with small-format plaster sculptures.

From 1913 on, she had her works cast in the Hermann Noack fine art foundry, which she attended artistically for decades.

In 1917 she married the type artist, book designer, painter and illustrator Emil Rudolf Weiß, whom she had met years earlier as her teacher and fatherly friend. He supported her and introduced her to numerous other artists. Their collaboration was limited to a few joint projects, of which the edition of the *22 Songs* of the poems by Sappho, for which she created the etchings and Weiß made the font designs, achieved particular fame.

From 1913 she exhibited her sculptures regularly and was highly valued by her colleagues from the Free Secession, the most important Berlin artists' association, among others, by Max Liebermann, Max Beckmann, and Karl Schmidt-Rottluff. The opening of a gallery in Berlin in 1922 made her the most important protagonist of the well-known Flechtheim art circle in those years. The art-interested public was infatuated with her athletic figures, portraits of friends and the small-format self-portraits.

In addition, due to her height, slim figure, charisma, her self-confident, fashionable demeanor and androgynous beauty, she was often portrayed by artists like her husband, Emil Rudolf Weiß and Georg Kolbe, and by photographers, like Hugo Erfurth, Fritz Eschen and Frieda Riess. She embodied perfectly the type of the 'new woman' of the 1920s, even if she appeared rather reserved.

During the Weimar Republic, Renée Sintenis became an internationally recognized artist, with exhibitions in the Berlin Nationalgalerie, in Berlin, in Paris, the Tate Gallery, in London, the Museum of Modern Art, in New York, Glasgow and Rotterdam. Her small-sized depictions of athletes (boxers, footballers, runners) and portrait busts of their circle of friends were found in public and private collections around the world.

In 1928 Sintenis won the bronze medal in the sculpture section of the art competition for the Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, for her "Footballeur". She is thought to be the first LGBTQ+ Olympic medallist. Renée Sintenis took part in the 1929 exhibition of the German Association of Artists in the Cologne State House, with five small-format animal sculptures. In 1930 she met the French sculptor Aristide Maillol in Berlin. In 1931 she was appointed as the first sculptor, and second woman after Käthe Kollwitz, together with 13 other artists, to join the Berlin Academy of the Arts – Fine Arts section, although the National Socialists forced her to leave in 1934.

In 1932, she created a statue of the Berlin Bear, a bear standing on its hind legs with its arms raised, based on the Coat of arms of Berlin. The design was popular, and she sold many 15 cm (5.9 in) statues of the bear, which brought wealth and was taken up again in later life.

### Third Reich

Emil Rudolf Weiß was dismissed from his university post on 1 April 1933, because of an angry statement against the Nazi regime and the law to reintroduce the civil service. Sintenis herself was excluded from the Academy of the Arts in 1934 because of her Jewish origins – her maternal grandmother was Jewish before her conversion. Nevertheless, she was able to stay in the Reich Chamber of Culture, even if her works were removed from public collections by the National Socialists.

During the Third Reich, Renée Sintenis and her husband Emil Rudolf Weiß lived with considerable restrictions. She continued to exhibit, although one of her self-portraits was shown in the Degenerate Art exhibition in Munich in 1934. Since she was not banned from exhibiting, she was represented in Düsseldorf by the art dealer Alex Vömel, Flechtheim's successor. In contrast to the 1920s, she was not doing well financially, which was reinforced by the bronze casting ban of 1941.

Until the forced dissolution of the *Deutscher Künstlerbund* in 1936, Sintenis remained a member of the German Association of Artists. That she was sponsored by the NSDAP propagandist Hans Hinkel, as it was later claimed, has not been proven and is highly unlikely.

Her husband died unexpectedly on 7 November 1942 in Meersburg on the Lake Constance. His death plunged Sintenis into a deep crisis. As a result, she took over his studio in the Künstlerhaus on Kurfürstenstrasse, where Max Pechstein also worked. His family took temporarily on her when her studio house was destroyed by arson and several Allied bombings in 1945. Sintenis lost almost all of her possessions; all papers and parts of her work were lost. While most of the cast models were preserved, the plaster frames of most of the portrait heads were also destroyed. In a self-portrait mask from 1944, the hardships of the war years are visible in her features.

### Post-war career

After the war, Sintenis and her partner Magdalena Goldmann moved into an apartment on Innsbrucker Strasse in 1945, where they both lived until their deaths. In 1948, Sintenis received the art prize of the city of Berlin and was appointed by Karl Hofer to the Berlin University of Fine Arts. She was appointed full professor in 1955, although she gave up teaching the same year. She was also appointed to the newly founded Academy of the Arts of Berlin (West) in 1955.

In the 1950s, she became very successful once again. She stayed true to her artistic focus and motifs, which she called "making animals".

In 1953, replicas of her *Bär* were awarded for the first time as trophies at the third Berlin International Film Festival (Berlinale), and have been handed out as the top award, the bronze Golden Bear, ever since. Various Silver Bear awards were introduced not long afterwards.

In 1957, Sintenis' statue of the Berlin Bear was erected as a life-size bronze sculpture on the median of what is now the *Bundesautobahn 115* between Dreilinden and the Zehlendorf motorway junction. The then-Governing Mayor of Berlin, Willy Brandt, inaugurated another copy on the Berliner Allee in Düsseldorf on 23 September 1960. On 6 June 1962, a bronze monument of the Berlin bear was erected in the median of the *Bundesautobahn 9* at the level of today's junction Munich-*Fröttmaning-Süd*.

In 1963, a bear was presented to John F. Kennedy, who was visiting the country.

## Later life, death and legacy

On her 70th birthday in 1958, the Haus am Waldsee in Berlin dedicated her a retrospective of her work.

Sintenis died on 22 April 1965. Her grave is in the Waldfriedhof in Berlin-Dahlem, where she is accompanied by Goldmann, who outlived her by 20 years and was her sole heir. The grave site is one of the honor graves of the State of Berlin.

In 2018, her work was included in the exhibition *Lesbian Visions*, curated by Birgit Bosold and Carina Klugbauer, at the Schwules Museum in Berlin.

A bear created by Noack in 1976 stands in Griffith Park, Los Angeles, with a plaque reading "To the people of the United States of America in gratitude for their aid, friendship and protection. Presented to our sister city, Los Angeles by the people of free Berlin".

As of 2022, Golden Bear awards continue to be made by Noack for the Berlinale winners.

## Honors

She was presented with prestigious awards, such as the "Knight of the Peace Class" of the order Pour le Mérite, in 1952, and the Great Federal Order of Merit in 1953.

## Public collections

Media related to Renée Sintenis at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Renée Sintenis | |
| --- | --- |
| Renée Sintenis in a photograph by Hugo Erfurth (1930) | |
| Born | Renate Alice Sintenis
(1888-03-20)20 March 1888
Glatz, Prussian Silesia, German Empire (present-day Kłodzko, Poland) |
| Died | 22 April 1965(1965-04-22) (aged 77)
West Berlin, West Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Known for | Sculpture, medalist, graphic artist |
| Movement | Expressionism |


title: Joseph S. Longo

abstract: Joseph S. Longo was a justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court from 1975 to 1979. Born in Norwich, Connecticut, Longo "graduated from Norwich Free Academy and then Yale University with a B.A. degree in 1936. He enrolled at the Boston University School of Law, where he received his law degree in 1939. He was admitted to the Connecticut bar that same year". Longo served in the United States Navy during World War II. In the late 1940s he entered politics, serving one term in the Connecticut House of Representatives and three terms in the Connecticut State Senate, including a term as majority leader in the 1955 session. From 1957 to 1959, he served on the state's Common Pleas Court, and from 1959 to 1975 he served on the Superior Court. He was appointed to the state supreme court in 1975 following the retirement of Justice Louis Shapiro, and stepped down from the court in 1979.

text:
# Joseph S. Longo

**Joseph S. Longo** (September 22, 1914 – November 29, 1993) was a justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court from 1975 to 1979.

Born in Norwich, Connecticut, Longo "graduated from Norwich Free Academy and then Yale University with a B.A. degree in 1936. He enrolled at the Boston University School of Law, where he received his law degree in 1939. He was admitted to the Connecticut bar that same year". Longo served in the United States Navy during World War II. In the late 1940s he entered politics, serving one term in the Connecticut House of Representatives and three terms in the Connecticut State Senate, including a term as majority leader in the 1955 session. From 1957 to 1959, he served on the state's Common Pleas Court, and from 1959 to 1975 he served on the Superior Court. He was appointed to the state supreme court in 1975 following the retirement of Justice Louis Shapiro, and stepped down from the court in 1979.


title: Vauthiermont

abstract: Vauthiermont is a commune in the Territoire de Belfort department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in northeastern France.

text:
# Vauthiermont

**Vauthiermont** (French pronunciation: \[votjɛʁmɔ̃\]) is a commune in the Territoire de Belfort department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in northeastern France.

## Geography

A part of the village is located on the line of watershed, between the Mediterranean sea and the North sea.

## InfoBox

| Vauthiermont | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church of Saint-Antoine | |
|  | |
| Location of Vauthiermont | |
| VauthiermontVauthiermont | |
| Coordinates: 47°41′06″N 7°01′57″E / 47.685°N 7.0325°E / 47.685; 7.0325 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté |
| Department | Territoire de Belfort |
| Arrondissement | Belfort |
| Canton | Grandvillars |
| Intercommunality | CA Grand Belfort |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Alexandre Mancanet |
| Area**1** | 4.74 km2 (1.83 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 208 |
| Density | 44/km2 (110/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 90100 /90150 |
| Elevation | 354–412 m (1,161–1,352 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Vector WX-3

abstract: The Avtech WX-3 is a prototype sports car engineered, developed and manufactured by Vector Motors of Wilmington, California in 1992. Conceived by Vector Motors founder and chief designer Gerald Wiegert as a successor to the W8. Production plans for the WX-3 included a range of three engine configurations ranging from 600 hp (447 kW) up to 1200 hp (895 kW) from a proprietary 7.0L DOHC V8 engine. Originally painted silver, the WX-3 coupé prototype was later re-painted teal by Wiegert to match the teal-blue and purple logo of his Aquajet jet-ski company. The teal-blue coupé and purple roadster are featured as promotional vehicles on the Aquajet website. The single finished prototype is powered by the same twin-turbocharged V8 engine as the W8, with an improved flow dual plenum and throttle-body intake tract rather than the Chevrolet Corvette-based system used on the W8 production cars. At high boost levels the engine was capable of a power output of 1,200 hp (895 kW). The WX-3 prototypes used a three-across seating arrangement that was an option on W8 export models although Vector stated that a production model would have used more conventional bucket seats. Wiegert had also planned a roadster version of the WX-3, named the WX-3R; both vehicles shared mechanical components from the W8. Like the model it was based on, the WX-3R did not pass the prototype stage. Both versions were shown at the 1993 Geneva Auto Show. Wiegert planned for the WX-3 to enter production in the 1990s, but after a hostile takeover initiated by Megatech, Wiegert was fired from his own company. The car was never produced and later removed from future plans of the company when Wiegert initiated lawsuits and copyrighted the designs, preventing Megatech from building and selling the car without his approval. Both cars were auctioned off to fund the development of the Vector WX-8; development of the WX-8 was incomplete by the time of founder Gerald Wiegert's death in early 2021.

text:
# Vector WX-3

The **Avtech WX-3** is a prototype sports car engineered, developed and manufactured by Vector Motors of Wilmington, California in 1992. Conceived by Vector Motors founder and chief designer Gerald Wiegert as a successor to the W8. Production plans for the WX-3 included a range of three engine configurations ranging from 600 hp (447 kW) up to 1200 hp (895 kW) from a proprietary 7.0L DOHC V8 engine. Originally painted silver, the WX-3 coupé prototype was later re-painted teal by Wiegert to match the teal-blue and purple logo of his Aquajet jet-ski company. The teal-blue coupé and purple roadster are featured as promotional vehicles on the Aquajet website. The single finished prototype is powered by the same twin-turbocharged V8 engine as the W8, with an improved flow dual plenum and throttle-body intake tract rather than the Chevrolet Corvette-based system used on the W8 production cars. At high boost levels the engine was capable of a power output of 1,200 hp (895 kW). The WX-3 prototypes used a three-across seating arrangement that was an option on W8 export models although Vector stated that a production model would have used more conventional bucket seats.

Wiegert had also planned a roadster version of the WX-3, named the WX-3R; both vehicles shared mechanical components from the W8. Like the model it was based on, the WX-3R did not pass the prototype stage. Both versions were shown at the 1993 Geneva Auto Show.

Wiegert planned for the WX-3 to enter production in the 1990s, but after a hostile takeover initiated by Megatech, Wiegert was fired from his own company. The car was never produced and later removed from future plans of the company when Wiegert initiated lawsuits and copyrighted the designs, preventing Megatech from building and selling the car without his approval.

Both cars were auctioned off to fund the development of the Vector WX-8; development of the WX-8 was incomplete by the time of founder Gerald Wiegert's death in early 2021.

## InfoBox

| Vector Avtech WX-3 | |
| --- | --- |
| Vector WX-3 Coupe on Rodeo Drive | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Vector Motors |
| Production | 1993 (2 produced) |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Sports car () |
| Body style | 2-door coupé <br>2-door roadster |
| Layout | Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive |
| Doors | Scissor |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 7.0 L (427.2 cu in) twin-turbocharged V8 |
| Transmission | 3-speed automatic |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Vector W8 |
| Successor | Vector M12 |


title: Vector addition system

abstract: A vector addition system (VAS) is one of several mathematical modeling languages for the description of distributed systems. Vector addition systems were introduced by Richard M. Karp and Raymond E. Miller in 1969, and generalized to vector addition systems with states (VASS) by John E. Hopcroft and Jean-Jacques Pansiot in 1979. Both VAS and VASS are equivalent in many ways to Petri nets introduced earlier by Carl Adam Petri. Reachability in vector addition systems is Ackermann-complete.

text:
# Vector addition system

A **vector addition system** (**VAS**) is one of several mathematical modeling languages for the description of distributed systems. Vector addition systems were introduced by Richard M. Karp and Raymond E. Miller in 1969, and generalized to **vector addition systems with states** (**VASS**) by John E. Hopcroft and Jean-Jacques Pansiot in 1979. Both VAS and VASS are equivalent in many ways to Petri nets introduced earlier by Carl Adam Petri.

Reachability in vector addition systems is Ackermann-complete (and hence nonelementary).

## Informal definition

A *vector addition system* consists of a finite set of integer vectors with all vectors having the same length. An initial vector is seen as the initial values of multiple counters, and the vectors of the VAS are seen as updates. These counters may never drop below zero. More precisely, given an initial vector with non negative values, the vectors of the VAS can be added componentwise, given that every intermediate vector has non negative values. A *vector addition system with states* is a VAS equipped with control states. More precisely, it is a finite directed graph with arcs labelled by integer vectors. VASS have the same restriction that the counter values should never drop below zero.

## Formal definitions and basic terminology

* A *VAS* is a finite set $V\subseteq \mathbb {Z} ^{d}$ for some $d\geq 1$.
* A *VASS* is a finite directed graph $(Q,T)$ such that $T\subseteq Q\times \mathbb {Z} ^{d}\times Q$ for some $d\>0$.

### Transitions

* Let $V\subseteq \mathbb {Z} ^{d}$ be a VAS. Given a vector $u\in \mathbb {N} ^{d}$, the vector $u+v$ can be *reached*, in one transition, if $v\in V$ and $u+v\in \mathbb {N} ^{d}$.
* Let $(Q,T)$ be a VASS. Given a *configuration* $(p,u)\in Q\times \mathbb {N} ^{d}$, the configuration $(q,u+v)$ can be *reached*, in one transition, if $(p,v,q)\in T$ and $u+v\in \mathbb {N} ^{d}$.


title: Farida Arouche

abstract: Farida Arouche, is an Algerian Woman International Master and African Women's Chess Championship winner (2003).

text:
# Farida Arouche

**Farida Arouche** (born 30 September 1980), is an Algerian Woman International Master (WIM, 2002) and African Women's Chess Championship winner (2003).

## Biography

Farida Arouche participated in World Youth Chess Championships in various age groups. In 2001, in Cairo she won silver medal in African Women's Chess Championship. In 2003, in Abuja she won African Women's Chess Championship. In 2003, Farida Arouche played for Algeria in All-Africa Games chess tournament and won team gold medal.

In 2000s Farida Arouche participated in Women's World Chess Championship by knock-out system:

Farida Arouche played for Algeria in the Women's Chess Olympiads:

## InfoBox

| Farida Arouche | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Algeria |
| Born | (1980-09-30) 30 September 1980 |
| Title | Woman International Master (2002) |
| FIDE rating | 2093 (July 2005) |
| Peak rating | 2133 (January 2004) |


title: 1901 Belmont Stakes

abstract: The 1901 Belmont Stakes was the 35th running of the Belmont Stakes. It was the 12th Belmont Stakes held at Morris Park Racecourse in Morris Park, New York and was run on May 23, 1901. The race drew three starters and was won by the heavily favored Commando whose winning time of 2:21 flat set a new record for the Belmont Stakes at the 1+3⁄8 miles distance on dirt. Bred and raced by James R. Keene, Commando easily won the race by a half length over the 1901 Preakness Stakes winner The Parader. Third place went to All Green who was never in the race from the start and wisely was not pushed by jockey Willie Shaw, finishing a further fifty lengths back. For future U.S. Racing Hall of Fame trainer James G. Rowe Sr., it marked the third of his record eight wins in the Belmont Stakes. Commando's Canadian-born jockey Henry Spencer earned his second of two career wins in the American Classics having won the 1900 Preakness Stakes aboard Hindus. The 1901 Kentucky Derby was run on April 29 and the 1899 Preakness Stakes on May 28, five days after the Belmont. The 1919 Belmont Stakes would mark the first time the race would be recognized as the third leg of a U.S. Triple Crown series.

text:
# 1901 Belmont Stakes

The **1901 Belmont Stakes** was the 35th running of the Belmont Stakes. It was the 12th Belmont Stakes held at Morris Park Racecourse in Morris Park, New York and was run on May 23, 1901. The race drew three starters and was won by the heavily favored Commando whose winning time of 2:21 flat set a new record for the Belmont Stakes at the 1+38 miles distance on dirt.

Bred and raced by James R. Keene, Commando easily won the race by a half length over the 1901 Preakness Stakes winner The Parader. Third place went to All Green who was never in the race from the start and wisely was not pushed by jockey Willie Shaw, finishing a further fifty lengths back.

For future U.S. Racing Hall of Fame trainer James G. Rowe Sr., it marked the third of his record eight wins in the Belmont Stakes.

Commando's Canadian-born jockey Henry Spencer earned his second of two career wins in the American Classics having won the 1900 Preakness Stakes aboard Hindus.

The 1901 Kentucky Derby was run on April 29 and the 1899 Preakness Stakes on May 28, five days after the Belmont.

The 1919 Belmont Stakes would mark the first time the race would be recognized as the third leg of a U.S. Triple Crown series.

## Results

| Finished | Post | Horse | Jockey | Trainer | Owner | Time / behind | Win |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 3 | Commando | Henry Spencer | James G. Rowe Sr. | James R. & Foxhall P. Keene | 2:21.00 | $11,595 |
| 2 | 2 | The Parader | Frank Landry | Thomas J. Healey | Richard T. Wilson Jr. | 12 |  |
| 3 | 1 | All Green | Willie Shaw | Charles T. Patterson | Charles T. Patterson | 50 |  |
|

* Winning breeder: **James R. Keene (KY)**

## InfoBox

35th Belmont Stakes
| Belmont Stakes | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Morris Park Racecourse
Morris Park, New York,
United States |
| Date | May 23, 1901 |
| Distance | 1+38 mi (11 furlongs; 2,213 m) |
| Winning horse | Commando |
| Winning time | 2:21.00 |
| Jockey | Henry Spencer |
| Trainer | James G. Rowe Sr. |
| Owner | James R. & Foxhall P. Keene |
| Conditions | Fast |
| Surface | Dirt |
|  | |