title: 2022–23 Cardiff City F.C. season

text:
# 2022–23 Cardiff City F.C. season

The 2022–23 season was the 124th season in the existence of Cardiff City Football Club and the club's fourth consecutive season in the Championship. In addition to the league, they also competed in the 2022–23 FA Cup and the 2022–23 EFL Cup.

The Bluebirds finished the season with 49 points. This ultimately proved enough to secure them 21st place and preserve their Championship status, albeit only on account of relegation rivals Reading being assessed a six point deduction.

## First-team squad

*As of 14 February 2023*

Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. | Name | Nat. | Position(s) | Date of birth (Age) | Apps. | Goals | Year signed | Signed from | Transfer fee | Ends |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Goalkeepers | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1 | Ryan Allsop |  | GK | 17 June 1992 | 43 | 0 | 2022 | Derby County | Free | 2024 |
| 21 | Jak Alnwick |  | GK | 17 June 1993 | 7 | 0 | 2022 | St Mirren | Free | 2024 |
| 28 | Rohan Luthra |  | GK | 6 May 2002 | 1 | 0 | 2021 | Crystal Palace | Free | 2024 |
|
| Defenders | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | Mahlon Romeo |  | RB/RM | 19 September 1995 | 33 | 0 | 2022 | Millwall | Undisclosed | 2025 |
| 3 | Joel Bagan |  | LB | 3 September 2001 | 41 | 3 | 2020 | Academy | Trainee | 2023 |
| 5 | Mark McGuinness |  | CB | 5 January 2001 | 54 | 3 | 2021 | Arsenal | Undisclosed | 2024 |
| 15 | Oliver Denham |  | CB/RB | 4 May 2002 | 8 | 0 | 2021 | Manchester United | Trainee | 2024 |
| 17 | Jamilu Collins |  | LB/CB/LM | 5 August 1994 | 4 | 0 | 2022 | SC Paderborn | Free | 2024 |
| 22 | Vontae Daley-Campbell |  | RB | 2 April 2001 | 2 | 0 | 2022 | Leicester City | Free | 2025 |
| 23 | Cédric Kipré |  | CB | 9 December 1996 | 43 | 3 | 2022 | West Bromwich Albion | Loan | 2023 |
| 26 | Jack Simpson |  | CB/LB | 18 December 1996 | 21 | 0 | 2022 | Rangers | Undisclosed | 2024 |
| 38 | Perry Ng |  | RB/LB/CB | 27 April 1996 | 105 | 2 | 2021 | Crewe Alexandra | £350,000 | 2024 |
| Midfielders | | | | | | | | | | |
| 6 | Ryan Wintle |  | DM/CM/CB | 13 June 1997 | 73 | 2 | 2021 | Crewe Alexandra | Free | 2024 |
| 8 | Joe Ralls |  | CM/LM/DM | 12 October 1993 | 351 | 33 | 2011 | Academy | Trainee | 2024 |
| 11 | Callum O'Dowda |  | LW/AM/RW/LWB | 23 April 1995 | 40 | 3 | 2022 | Bristol City | Free | 2025 |
| 12 | Tom Sang |  | AM/RW/RB | 29 June 1999 | 27 | 0 | 2020 | Manchester United | Free | 2023 |
| 18 | Ebou Adams |  | CM/DM/AM | 15 January 1996 | 0 | 0 | 2022 | Forest Green Rovers | Free | 2025 |
| 19 | Romaine Sawyers |  | AM/CM/SS | 2 November 1991 | 39 | 3 | 2022 | West Bromwich Albion | Free | 2024 |
| 20 | Gavin Whyte |  | RW/LW | 31 January 1996 | 53 | 2 | 2019 | Oxford United | £2,000,000 | 2023 |
| 24 | Eli King |  | CM | 23 December 2002 | 7 | 0 | 2021 | Academy | Trainee | 2023 |
| 25 | Jaden Philogene |  | LW/RW | 8 February 2002 | 39 | 5 | 2022 | Aston Villa | Loan | 2023 |
| 27 | Rubin Colwill |  | AM/LW/RW | 27 April 2002 | 66 | 6 | 2020 | Academy | Trainee | 2024 |
| 35 | Andy Rinomhota |  | CM/DM/RM | 21 April 1997 | 41 | 0 | 2022 | Reading | Free | 2025 |
| Forwards | | | | | | | | | | |
| 9 | Kion Etete |  | CF/SS | 28 November 2001 | 30 | 3 | 2022 | Tottenham Hotspur | £500,000 | 2025 |
| 10 | Sheyi Ojo |  | LW/RW/SS | 19 June 1997 | 80 | 7 | 2022 | Liverpool | Free | 2024 |
| 29 | Mark Harris |  | CF/LW/RW | 29 December 1998 | 94 | 10 | 2017 | Academy | Trainee | 2023 |
| 31 | Connor Wickham |  | CF/LW | 31 March 1993 | 12 | 1 | 2023 | Free Agent | Free | 2023 |
| 39 | Isaak Davies |  | SS/RW/LW | 25 September 2001 | 42 | 4 | 2020 | Academy | Trainee | 2025 |
| 47 | Callum Robinson |  | LW/CF/RW | 2 February 1995 | 23 | 7 | 2022 | West Bromwich Albion | £1,500,000 | 2025 |
| 48 | Sory Kaba |  | CF | 28 June 1995 | 17 | 8 | 2023 | Midtjylland | Loan | 2023 |
| Out on Loan | | | | | | | | | | |
| 14 | Ollie Tanner |  | LW/AM/RW | 13 May 2002 | 2 | 0 | 2022 | Lewes | £50,000 | 2024 |
| 36 | Max Watters |  | CF | 23 March 1999 | 22 | 1 | 2021 | Crawley Town | Undisclosed | 2024 |
|  | Dillon Phillips |  | GK | 11 June 1995 | 36 | 0 | 2020 | Charlton Athletic | Undisclosed | 2023 |
|

## Statistics

*As of 8 May 2023* Players with names *in italics* and marked * were on loan from another club for the whole of their season with Cardiff City.

| No. | Pos | Nat | Player | Total | | Championship | | FA Cup | | EFL Cup | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| 1 | GK | ENG | Ryan Allsop | 43 | 0 | 43+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 2 | DF | ATG | Mahlon Romeo | 33 | 0 | 31+2 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 3 | DF | IRL | Joel Bagan | 4 | 0 | 1+0 | 0 | 2+0 | 0 | 1+0 | 0 |
| 5 | DF | IRL | Mark McGuinness | 19 | 0 | 19+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 6 | MF | ENG | Ryan Wintle | 47 | 2 | 44+1 | 2 | 0+2 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 8 | MF | ENG | Joe Ralls | 43 | 1 | 30+11 | 1 | 0+1 | 0 | 1+0 | 0 |
| 9 | FW | ENG | Kion Etete | 30 | 3 | 12+16 | 3 | 1+0 | 0 | 0+1 | 0 |
| 10 | FW | ENG | Sheyi Ojo | 39 | 2 | 24+12 | 1 | 2+0 | 1 | 0+1 | 0 |
| 11 | MF | IRL | Callum O'Dowda | 40 | 3 | 36+3 | 3 | 0+1 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 12 | MF | ENG | Tom Sang | 11 | 0 | 4+5 | 0 | 2+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 15 | DF | WAL | Oliver Denham | 1 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 1+0 | 0 |
| 17 | DF | NGA | Jamilu Collins | 4 | 0 | 4+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 19 | MF | SKN | Romaine Sawyers | 39 | 3 | 22+15 | 3 | 2+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 20 | MF | NIR | Gavin Whyte | 15 | 1 | 3+10 | 1 | 0+1 | 0 | 1+0 | 0 |
| 21 | GK | ENG | Jak Alnwick | 7 | 0 | 3+1 | 0 | 2+0 | 0 | 1+0 | 0 |
| 22 | DF | ENG | Vontae Daley-Campbell | 2 | 0 | 1+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 1+0 | 0 |
| 23 | DF | CIV | *Cédric Kipré** | 43 | 3 | 41+1 | 3 | 0+1 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 24 | MF | WAL | Eli King | 2 | 0 | 0+1 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 1+0 | 0 |
| 25 | MF | ENG | *Jaden Philogene** | 39 | 5 | 25+12 | 4 | 1+0 | 1 | 1+0 | 0 |
| 26 | DF | ENG | Jack Simpson | 21 | 0 | 12+7 | 0 | 2+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 27 | MF | WAL | Rubin Colwill | 22 | 0 | 4+16 | 0 | 1+0 | 0 | 0+1 | 0 |
| 28 | GK | ENG | Rohan Luthra | 1 | 0 | 0+1 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 29 | FW | WAL | Mark Harris | 38 | 3 | 14+21 | 3 | 2+0 | 0 | 1+0 | 0 |
| 31 | FW | ENG | Connor Wickham | 12 | 1 | 5+7 | 1 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 33 | DF | ENG | Jai Semenyo | 1 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+1 | 0 |
| 35 | MF | ENG | Andy Rinomhota | 41 | 0 | 27+12 | 0 | 2+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 38 | DF | ENG | Perry Ng | 44 | 1 | 42+1 | 1 | 0+1 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 39 | FW | WAL | Isaak Davies | 12 | 1 | 2+8 | 1 | 1+1 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 47 | FW | IRL | Callum Robinson | 23 | 7 | 19+3 | 5 | 0+1 | 2 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 48 | FW | GUI | *Sory Kaba** | 17 | 8 | 12+5 | 8 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| *Players out on loan:* | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 14 | MF | ENG | Ollie Tanner | 2 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+1 | 0 | 1+0 | 0 |
| 36 | FW | ENG | Max Watters | 11 | 0 | 8+3 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| *Players who left the club:* | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 16 | DF | ENG | Curtis Nelson | 12 | 0 | 4+5 | 0 | 2+0 | 0 | 1+0 | 0 |
| 37 | DF | FRA | *Niels Nkounkou** | 18 | 0 | 15+3 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |

### Goals record

*As of 8 May 2023*

| Rank | No. | Nat. | Po. | Name | Championship | FA Cup | EFL Cup | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 48 |  | CF | Sory Kaba | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
| 2 | 47 |  | LW | Callum Robinson | 5 | 2 | 0 | 7 |
| 3 | 25 |  | LW | Jaden Philogene | 4 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| 4 | 9 |  | CF | Kion Etete | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| | 11 |  | LW | Callum O'Dowda | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| | 19 |  | CM | Romaine Sawyers | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| | 23 |  | CB | Cédric Kipré | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| | 29 |  | CF | Mark Harris | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| 9 | 6 |  | DM | Ryan Wintle | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| | 10 |  | LW | Sheyi Ojo | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| | 38 |  | CB | Perry Ng | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 12 | 8 |  | CM | Joe Ralls | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | 20 |  | RW | Gavin Whyte | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | 31 |  | CF | Connor Wickham | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | 39 |  | SS | Isaak Davies | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | | | | | 41 | 4 | 0 | 45 |

### Assists record

*As of 8 May 2023*

| Rank | No. | Nat. | Po. | Name | Championship | FA Cup | EFL Cup | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 47 |  | LW | Callum Robinson | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| 2 | 2 |  | RB | Mahlon Romeo | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| | 35 |  | CM | Andy Rinomhota | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| 4 | 6 |  | CM | Ryan Wintle | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| | 11 |  | LW | Callum O'Dowda | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| 6 | 8 |  | CM | Joe Ralls | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| | 31 |  | CF | Connor Wickham | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| | 38 |  | RB | Perry Ng | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 9 | 9 |  | CF | Kion Etete | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | 20 |  | RW | Gavin Whyte | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | 25 |  | LW | Jaden Philogene | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | 27 |  | AM | Rubin Colwill | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | 37 |  | LB | Niels Nkounkou | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | 48 |  | CF | Sory Kaba | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | | | | | 31 | 1 | 0 | 33 |

### Disciplinary record

*As of 8 May 2023*

| Rank | No. | Nat. | Po. | Name | Championship | | | FA Cup | | | EFL Cup | | | Total | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1 | 23 |  | CB | Cédric Kipré | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 38 |  | RB | Perry Ng | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 0 |
| 3 | 6 |  | DM | Ryan Wintle | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| | 8 |  | CM | Joe Ralls | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| 5 | 1 |  | GK | Ryan Allsop | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 |
| | 11 |  | LW | Callum O'Dowda | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| | 29 |  | CF | Mark Harris | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| 8 | 37 |  | LB | Niels Nkounkou | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| 9 | 2 |  | RB | Mahlon Romeo | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| | 5 |  | CB | Mark McGuinness | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| | 9 |  | CF | Kion Etete | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| | 26 |  | CB | Jack Simpson | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| | 35 |  | CM | Andy Rinomhota | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| 14 | 10 |  | LW | Sheyi Ojo | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| | 16 |  | CB | Curtis Nelson | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| 16 | 12 |  | DM | Tom Sang | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| | 19 |  | CM | Romaine Sawyers | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| | 47 |  | LW | Callum Robinson | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 19 | 3 |  | LB | Joel Bagan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | 17 |  | LB | Jamilu Collins | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| | 20 |  | RW | Gavin Whyte | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| | 21 |  | GK | Jak Alnwick | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| | 22 |  | RB | Vontae Daley-Campbell | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | 25 |  | LW | Jaden Philogene | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| | 27 |  | AM | Rubin Colwill | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | | | | | 83 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 87 | 1 | 6 |

### Clean sheets

*Includes all competitive matches. The list is sorted by squad number when total clean sheets are equal. Numbers in parentheses represent games where both goalkeepers participated and both kept a clean sheet; the number in parentheses is awarded to the goalkeeper who was substituted on, whilst a full clean sheet is awarded to the goalkeeper who was on the field at the start of play.*

*As of match played 8 May 2023*

| Rank | No. | Nat. | Name | Matches played | Championship | FA Cup | EFL Cup | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 |  | Ryan Allsop | 43 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
| 2 | 21 |  | Jak Alnwick | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | 28 |  | Rohan Luthra | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

### Captains

*Correct as of match played on 8 May 2023*

| No. | Nat. | Pos. | Name | Championship | FA Cup | EFL Cup | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 |  | CM | Joe Ralls | 29 | 0 | 1 | 30 |
| 6 |  | DM | Ryan Wintle | 16 | 0 | 0 | 16 |
| ~~16~~ |  | CB | Curtis Nelson | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |

### Contracts

| Date | Position | Nationality | Name | Status | Contract Length | Expiry Date | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10 June 2022 | GK |  | Rohan Luthra | Signed | 2 years | June 2024 |  |
| 26 June 2022 | CM |  | Joe Ralls | Signed | 2 years | June 2024 |  |

## Transfers

### In

| Date | Pos | Player | Transferred from | Fee | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10 June 2022 | LW | Ollie Tanner | Lewes | Undisclosed |  |
| 15 June 2022 | RB | Mahlon Romeo | Millwall | Undisclosed |  |
| 1 July 2022 | CM | Ebou Adams | Forest Green Rovers | Free Transfer |  |
| 1 July 2022 | GK | Ryan Allsop | Derby County | Free Transfer |  |
| 1 July 2022 | GK | Jak Alnwick | St Mirren | Free Transfer |  |
| 1 July 2022 | LB | Jamilu Collins | SC Paderborn | Free Transfer |  |
| 1 July 2022 | RB | Vontae Daley-Campbell | Leicester City | Free Transfer |  |
| 1 July 2022 | LW | Callum O'Dowda | Bristol City | Free Transfer |  |
| 1 July 2022 | CM | Andy Rinomhota | Reading | Free Transfer |  |
| 6 July 2022 | AM | Romaine Sawyers | West Bromwich Albion | Free Transfer |  |
| 13 July 2022 | LW | Sheyi Ojo | Liverpool | Free Transfer |  |
| 4 August 2022 | CF | Kion Etete | Tottenham Hotspur | £500,000 |  |
| 9 August 2022 | CB | Jack Simpson | Rangers | Undisclosed |  |
| 10 August 2022 | CM | Cameron Antwi | Blackpool | Free Transfer |  |
| 10 August 2022 | MF | Raheem Conte | Queens Park Rangers | Free Transfer |  |
| 1 September 2022 | LW | Callum Robinson | West Bromwich Albion | Undisclosed |  |
| 12 September 2022 | CB | Sebastian Kristensen | Everton | Free Transfer |  |
| 14 February 2023 | CF | Connor Wickham | Free Agent | Free Transfer |  |
| 21 February 2023 | LM | Lennon Peake | West Ham United | Free Transfer |  |

### Out

| Date | Pos | Player | Transferred to | Fee | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10 June 2022 | CM | Sam Bowen | Newport County | Undisclosed |  |
| 24 June 2022 | CB | James Connolly | Bristol Rovers | Undisclosed |  |
| 30 June 2022 | CM | Leandro Bacuna | Watford | Released |  |
| 30 June 2022 | CB | Ibrahim Bakare | Weymouth | Released |  |
| 30 June 2022 | LB | Ciaron Brown | Oxford United | Released |  |
| 30 June 2022 | DM | Tavio Kouakou D'Almeida | *Unattached* | Released |  |
| 30 June 2022 | CB | Aden Flint | Stoke City | Released |  |
| 30 June 2022 | CF | Siyabonga Ligendza | AFC Fylde | Released |  |
| 30 June 2022 | RW | Ntazana Mayembe | *Unattached* | Released |  |
| 30 June 2022 | LW | Josh Murphy | Oxford United | Released |  |
| 30 June 2022 | CM | Marlon Pack | Portsmouth | Released |  |
| 30 June 2022 | CM | Keenan Patten | AFC Fylde | Released |  |
| 30 June 2022 | GK | Alex Smithies | Leicester City | Released |  |
| 30 June 2022 | CF | Isaac Vassell | *Unattached* | Released |  |
| 30 June 2022 | DM | Will Vaulks | Sheffield Wednesday | Released |  |
| 13 July 2022 | CF | James Collins | Derby County | Free transfer |  |
| 5 January 2023 | CB | Sean Morrison | Rotherham United | Released | \] |
| 28 January 2023 | CB | Curtis Nelson | Blackpool | Mutual Consent |  |
| 27 February 2023 | CF | Gabriele Biancheri | Manchester United | Undisclosed |  |

1. The transfer was announced on 25 May, and would become official on June 10 once the transfer window opened

### Loans in

| Date | Pos | Player | Loaned from | On loan until | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15 July 2022 | CB | Cédric Kipré | West Bromwich Albion | End of Season |  |
| 26 July 2022 | LW | Jaden Philogene | Aston Villa | End of Season |  |
| 27 August 2022 | LB | Niels Nkounkou | Everton | 14 January 2023 |  |
| 31 January 2023 | CF | Sory Kaba | Midtjylland | End of Season |  |

1. On 14 January, Nounkou was recalled back to Everton

### Loans out

| Date | Pos | Player | Loaned to | On loan until | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10 June 2022 | CF | Chanka Zimba | Newport County | 1 January 2023 |  |
| 1 July 2022 | AM | Kieron Evans | Torquay United | End of Season |  |
| 27 July 2022 | GK | Dillon Phillips | KV Oostende | End of Season |  |
| 18 August 2022 | CB | Mark McGuinness | Sheffield Wednesday | 19 January 2023 |  |
| 25 August 2022 | CM | Eli King | Crewe Alexandra | 1 January 2023 |  |
| 5 January 2023 | CF | Max Watters | Barnsley | End of Season |  |
| 9 January 2023 | LW | Ollie Tanner | York City | End of Season |  |
| 31 January 2023 | LB | Thomas Davies | Pontypridd United |  |  |
| 31 January 2023 | RW | Jack Leahy | Haverfordwest County | End of Season |  |

1. The loan agreement was announced on 3 June, and would become active on June 10 when the transfer window opened
2. On 19 January, McGuinness was recalled back from his loan at Sheffield Wednesday

## Pre-season and friendlies

On 30 May, the *Bluebirds* announced their pre-season schedule with six matches arranged.

Win   Draw   Loss   Fixtures

| 9 July 2022 Friendly | **Cardiff City** | **3–2** | **Cambridge United** | Leckwith |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:00 BST | Collins  10'
Watters  57'
Bagan  70' | Report | Knibbs  38'
Janneh  88' | Stadium: Cardiff International Sports Stadium |

| 12 July 2022 Friendly | **Cardiff City** | **2–0** | **Newport County** | Leckwith |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:30 BST | Whyte  77'
Crole  82' | Report |  | Stadium: Cardiff International Sports Stadium |

| 16 July 2022 Friendly | **Cheltenham Town** | **1–2** | **Cardiff City** | Cheltenham |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST | Sercombe  42' | Report | Harris  59' (pen.)
Watters  88' | Stadium: The Completely-Suzuki Stadium |

| 19 July 2022 Friendly | **Shrewsbury Town** | **0–0** | **Cardiff City** | Shrewsbury |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 BST |  | Report |  | Stadium: Montgomery Waters Meadow |

| 23 July 2022 Friendly | **Swindon Town** | **2–4** | **Cardiff City** | Swindon |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12:00 BST | Shade  73'
Wakeling  87' | Report | Watters  14'
Rinomhota  17'
Wintle  44'
Ojo  76' | Stadium: County Ground |

| 30 November 2022 Peter Whittingham Memorial Match | **Cardiff City** | **3–1** | **Aston Villa** | Cardiff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:30 GMT | Tanner  40'
Etete  54', 73' | Report | Ramsey  59' | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium |

## Competitions

### Overall record

| Competition | First match | Last match | Starting round | Record | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win % |
| Championship | 30 July 2022 | 8 May 2023 | Matchday 1 | 46 | 13 | 10 | 23 | 41 | 58 | −17 | 028.26 |
| FA Cup | 8 January 2023 | 18 January 2023 | Third round | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 7 | −3 | 000.00 |
| EFL Cup | 9 August 2022 | 9 August 2022 | First round | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | −3 | 000.00 |
| Total | | | | 49 | 13 | 11 | 25 | 45 | 68 | −23 | 026.53 |

Last updated: 8 May 2023
Source: \[Soccerway\]

### Championship

#### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion, qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18 | Huddersfield Town | 46 | 14 | 11 | 21 | 47 | 62 | 15 | 53 |  |
| 19 | Rotherham United | 46 | 11 | 17 | 18 | 49 | 60 | 11 | | 50 |
| 20 | Queens Park Rangers | 46 | 13 | 11 | 22 | 44 | 71 | 27 | | 50 |
| 21 | Cardiff City | 46 | 13 | 10 | 23 | 41 | 58 | 17 | | 49 |
| 22 | Reading (R) | 46 | 13 | 11 | 22 | 46 | 68 | 22 | 44 | Relegation to League One |
| 23 | Blackpool (R) | 46 | 11 | 11 | 24 | 48 | 72 | 24 | | 44 |
| 24 | Wigan Athletic (R) | 46 | 10 | 15 | 21 | 38 | 65 | 27 | | 42 |

Source: EFL Official Website
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored; 4) Head-to-head results; 5) Wins; 6) Away goals; 7) Penalty points (sec 9.5); 8) 12-point sending off offences
(R) Relegated
Notes: 1. Reading were deducted 6 points for breaching an EFL business plan.
2. In March 2023, Wigan Athletic were deducted 3 points for failing to pay players and staff on time.

#### Results summary

| Overall | | | | | | | | Home | | | | | | Away | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 46 | 13 | 10 | 23 | 41 | 58 | −17 | 49 | 6 | 7 | 10 | 20 | 24 | −4 | 7 | 3 | 13 | 21 | 34 | −13 |

Last updated: 8 May 2023.
Source: \[Soccerway\]

#### Results by round

| Round | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ground | H | A | H | A | A | H | H | A | A | A | H | H | A | H | A | A | H | H | A | H | H | A | H | H | A | A | H | H | A | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | H | A | H | A | A | H | A | H | A |
| Result | W | L | W | D | L | D | L | L | W | L | D | W | W | L | L | L | W | L | W | L | L | D | D | D | D | L | D | L | L | L | L | W | W | L | W | L | D | L | W | L | L | W | D | W | L | L |
| Position | 6 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 12 | 14 | 17 | 21 | 15 | 18 | 18 | 15 | 10 | 18 | 18 | 20 | 17 | 18 | 14 | 18 | 19 | 18 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 19 | 21 | 21 | 19 | 20 | 18 | 20 | 21 |

Updated to match(es) played on 8 May 2023. Source: \[ Soccerway\]
A = Away; H = Home; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss; P = Postponed

#### Matches

Win   Draw   Loss   Fixtures

On 23 June, the league fixtures were announced.

| 30 July 2022 1 | **Cardiff City** | **1–0** | **Norwich City** | Leckwith |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST | Kipré  44'
Sawyers  49'
O'Dowda  54'
Ralls  69'
Rinomhota  69'
Ng  69'  73' | BBC Report
Sky Report | Hanley  68'  85' | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium
Attendance: 19,969
Referee: Tim Robinson (West Sussex) |

| 6 August 2022 2 | **Reading** | **2–1** | **Cardiff City** | Reading |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST | Hoilett  20'
Long  27' (pen)
Ince  63'
Abrefa  86'
Yiadom  90' | BBC Report
Sky Report | O'Dowda  4'
Nelson  25'
Collins  65'
Harris  90' | Stadium: Select Car Leasing Stadium
Attendance: 13,866
Referee: Darren England (Doncaster) |

| 13 August 2022 3 | **Cardiff City** | **1–0** | **Birmingham City** | Leckwith |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12:30 BST | Philogene  17'
Ojo  90+1' | BBC Report
Sky Report | Hogan  51'
James  70'
Trusty  90'
Colin  90+6' | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium
Attendance: 18,893
Referee: Darren Bond (Lancashire) |
| *Note: Live on Sky TV* | | | | |

| 17 August 2022 4 | **West Bromwich Albion** | **0–0** | **Cardiff City** | West Bromwich |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 BST | O'Shea  21'
Livermore  31'
Molumby  54' | BBC Report
Sky report | Ojo  33'
Ng  48'
Allsop  72' | Stadium: The Hawthorns
Attendance: 21,820
Referee: Andrew Madley (Yorkshire) |

| 21 August 2022 5 | **Bristol City** | **2–0** | **Cardiff City** | Ashton Gate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12:00 BST | Massengo  36'
Conway  41'
Vyner  60'
Atkinson  64'
Williams  81'
Scott  89' | BBC report
Sky report | Kipré  63'
Colwill  75'
Wintle  89' | Stadium: Ashton Gate
Attendance: 21,649
Referee: Thomas Bramall (Sheffield) |
| *Note: Live on Sky TV* | | | | |

| 27 August 2022 6 | **Cardiff City** | **0–0** | **Preston North End** | Cardiff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST |  | BBC Report
Sky report | Whiteman  54'
Potts  81' | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium
Attendance: 17,922
Referee: Andy Woolmer (Northamptonshire) |

| 30 August 2022 7 | **Cardiff City** | **1–2** | **Luton Town** | Cardiff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 BST | Sawyers  85' | BBC report
Sky report | Freeman  21',  47'
Adebayo  45+1'
Osho  62',  63' | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium
Attendance: 17,202
Referee: James Linington (Isle of Wight) |

| 3 September 2022 8 | **Millwall** | **2–0** | **Cardiff City** | Bermondsey |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST | Cresswell  63'
Styles  76'
Wallace  88'
Afobe  90' | BBC Report
Sky report | Kipré  46'
Romeo  53' | Stadium: The Den
Attendance: 13,010
Referee: Jeremy Simpson (Lancashire) |

| 10 September 2022 | **Cardiff City** | **Postponed** | **Hull City** | Cardiff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST |  |  |  | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium |
| *Note: Fixture was postponed as a mark of respect following the passing of Queen Elizabeth II.* | | | | |

| 13 September 2022 9 | **Middlesbrough** | **2–3** | **Cardiff City** | Middlesbrough |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 BST | Watmore  76'
Muniz  77'
McGree  81' | BBC Report
Sky report | O'Dowda  4'
Harris  20'
Ng  45'
Wintle  85' | Stadium: Riverside Stadium
Attendance: 22,124
Referee: Darren Bond (Lancashire) |

| 17 September 2022 10 | **Huddersfield Town** | **1–0** | **Cardiff City** | Huddersfield |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST | Rhodes  8'
Kasumu  69'
Jones  76'
Nicholls  90' | BBC Report
Sky report |  | Stadium: John Smith's Stadium
Attendance: 19,193
Referee: Dean Whitestone (Northampton) |

| 1 October 2022 11 | **Cardiff City** | **1–1** | **Burnley** | Cardiff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST | Nkounkou  32'
Ng  47'
Kipré  51'
Robinson  90' | BBC Report
Sky report | Tella  48' | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium
Attendance: 18,508
Referee: Gavin Ward (Surrey) |

| 4 October 2022 12 | **Cardiff City** | **1–0** | **Blackburn Rovers** | Cardiff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 BST | Ojo  33'
Saywers  56'
Harris  83' | BBC Report
Sky report | Szmodics  34'
Gallagher  84' | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium
Attendance: 16,150
Referee: John Brooks (Leicestershire) |
| *Note: Live on Sky TV* | | | | |

| 8 October 2022 (2022-10-08) 13 | **Wigan Athletic** | **1–3** | **Cardiff City** | Wigan |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST | Bennet  40'
Power  43'
Shinnie  61'
Wyke  83',  90+1' | BBC Report
Sky report | Robinson  7'
Ralls  57'
O'Dowda  61'
Ojo  65'
Wintle  90+1' | Stadium: DW Stadium
Attendance: 10,304
Referee: James Bell (Yorkshire) |

| 15 October 2022 (2022-10-15) 14 | **Cardiff City** | **0–1** | **Coventry City** | Cardiff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST | Harris  55' | BBC report
Sky report | Gyökeres  34'  40'
Sheaf  48'
Panzo  55'
Bidwell  90+5' | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium
Attendance: 19,861
Referee: Robert Madley (West Yorkshire) |

| 19 October 2022 (2022-10-19) 15 | **Queens Park Rangers** | **3–0** | **Cardiff City** | White City, London |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 BST | Dykes  19' (pen), 33'
Johansen  26'
Paal  74',  79' | BBC Report
Sky report | Ng  1'
Simpson  18'
Nelson  28'
Nkounkou  54'
Wintle  70'
Harris  73' | Stadium: Loftus Road
Attendance: 12,805
Referee: James Linington (Isle of Wight) |

| 23 October 2022 (2022-10-23) 16 | **Swansea City** | **2–0** | **Cardiff City** | Swansea |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12:00 BST | Cooper  38'
Darling  50'
Obafemi  58'  67'
Cundle  60' | BBC report
Sky report | Robinson  7'
O'Dowda  50'
Ralls  61'
Harris  90+1' | Stadium: Swansea.com Stadium
Attendance: 19,814
Referee: Darren Bond (Lancashire) |
| *Note: Live on Sky TV* | | | | |

| 29 October 2022 (2022-10-29) 17 | **Cardiff City** | **1–0** | **Rotherham United** | Cardiff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST | Philogene  65' | BBC report
Sky report | Peltier  73' | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium
Attendance: 17,395
Referee: Oliver Langford (West Midlands) |

| 2 November 2022 (2022-11-02) 18 | **Cardiff City** | **1–2** | **Watford** | Cardiff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 GMT | Kipré  9'
Nkounkou  40'
Wintle  77' | BBC report
Sky report | Sierralta  38'
Sarr  59'
Sema  77'
Gaspar  82' | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium
Attendance: 17,036
Referee: Keith Stroud (Hampshire) |

| 5 November 2022 (2022-11-05) 19 | **Sunderland** | **0–1** | **Cardiff City** | Sunderland |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT | Batth  13'
Neil  32'
O'Nien  45+2'
Embleton  90+5' | BBC report
Sky report | Harris  49'
Wintle  53'
Nkounkou  65'
Kipré  90+5' | Stadium: Stadium of Light
Attendance: 27,015
Referee: Andy Davies (Hampshire) |

| 8 November 2022 (2022-11-08) 20 | **Cardiff City** | **2–3** | **Hull City** | Cardiff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 GMT | Robinson  47'
Whyte  62' | BBC report
Sky report | Pelkas  4'
Slater  75', 77'
Sinik  90+1' | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium
Attendance: 16,387
Referee: James Bell (Yorkshire) |

| 12 November 2022 (2022-11-12) 21 | **Cardiff City** | **0–1** | **Sheffield United** | Cardiff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT |  | BBC report
Sky report | Baldock  64'
Stevens  79' | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium
Attendance: 18,700
Referee: Matt Donohue (Manchester) |

| 10 December 2022 (2022-12-10) 22 | **Stoke City** | **2–2** | **Cardiff City** | Stoke-on-Trent |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT | Campbell  11'
Delap  18'
Souttar  39' | BBC report
Sky report | Wintle  6'
Nkounkou  52'
Robinson  58'
Allsop  90' | Stadium: Bet365 Stadium
Attendance: 20,111
Referee: Andy Woolmer (Northamptonshire) |

| 17 December 2022 (2022-12-17) 23 | **Cardiff City** | **1–1** | **Blackpool** | Cardiff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT | Robinson  15'
Etete  36'
O'Dowda  41'
Whyte  47' | BBC report
Sky report | Madine  51',  67',
Patino  62'
Williams  87' | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium
Attendance: 17,544
Referee: Josh Smith (Peterborough) |

| 26 December 2022 (2022-12-26) 24 | **Cardiff City** | **0–0** | **Queens Park Rangers** | Cardiff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:15 GMT | Wintle  32'
Romeo  85' | Sky report
BBC Report | Iroegbunam  4'
Laird  59'
Roberts  86' | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium
Attendance: 18,549
Referee: Keith Stroud (Wessex) |
| *Note: Live on Sky TV* | | | | |

| 29 December 2022 (2022-12-29) 25 | **Coventry City** | **0–0** | **Cardiff City** | Coventry |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 GMT | Sheaf  62'
Panzo  76' | BBC report
Sky report | Kipré  45+3' | Stadium: Coventry Building Society Arena
Attendance: 21,421
Referee: Anthony Backhouse (Cumbria) |

| 1 January 2023 (2023-01-01) 26 | **Blackburn Rovers** | **1–0** | **Cardiff City** | Blackburn |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12:00 GMT | Garrett  13'
Dack  48'
Hedges  49'
Wharton  65' | BBC report
Sky report | Simpson  28'
Harris  65' | Stadium: Ewood Park
Attendance: 12,499
Referee: Thomas Bramall (Sheffield) |
| *Note: Live on Sky TV* | | | | |

| 14 January 2023 (2023-01-14) 27 | **Cardiff City** | **1–1** | **Wigan Athletic** | Cardiff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT | Ralls  21'
Simpson  41'
Ng  70'
O'Dowda  82'
Allsop  90+1' | BBC report
Sky report | Caulker  79'
Magennis  90+5'
Keane  90+6' | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium
Attendance: 18,041
Referee: Jeremy Simpson (Lancashire) |

| 21 January 2023 (2023-01-21) 28 | **Cardiff City** | **0–1** | **Millwall** | Cardiff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT |  | BBC report
Sky report | Bradshaw  26' | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium
Attendance: 18,838
Referee: Leigh Doughty (Lancashire) |

| 31 January 2023 (2023-01-31) 29 | **Luton Town** | **1–0** | **Cardiff City** | Luton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 GMT | Doughty  49'
Adebayo  58',  88'
Morris  90+5' | Sky report
BBC Report | Ralls  45+1'
McGuinness  90+5' | Stadium: Kenilworth Road
Attendance: 9,031
Referee: Geoff Eltringham (County Durham) |

| 4 February 2023 (2023-02-04) 30 | **Hull City** | **1–0** | **Cardiff City** | Kingston Upon Hull |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT | Christie  62' | BBC report
Sky report |  | Stadium: MKM Stadium
Referee: David Webb (County Durham) |

| 11 February 2023 (2023-02-11) 31 | **Cardiff City** | **1–3** | **Middlesbrough** | Cardiff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT | Kaba  25' | BBC report
Sky report | Forss  17'
Archer  38',  78', Lenihan  72'
McGree  90' | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium
Attendance: 19,182
Referee: John Busby (Oxfordshire) |

| 14 February 2023 (2023-02-14) 32 | **Birmingham City** | **0–2** | **Cardiff City** | Birmingham |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 GMT | Mejbri  55'
Bielik  59'
Dean  82' | BBC report
Sky report | Etete  59'
Ng  84'
Allsop  90+5'
Robinson  90+5' | Stadium: St Andrew's
Attendance: 14,369
Referee: Gavin Ward (Surrey) |

| 17 February 2023 (2023-02-17) 33 | **Cardiff City** | **1–0** | **Reading** | Cardiff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 GMT | McGuinness  38'
Sawyers  90+1' | BBC report
Sky report | Dann  27'
Ndiaye  76' | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium
Attendance: 18,879
Referee: Darren Bond (Lancashire) |
| *Note: Live on Sky TV* | | | | |

| 25 February 2023 (2023-02-25) 34 | **Norwich City** | **2–0** | **Cardiff City** | Norwich |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT | Sara  33'
Marquinhos  37'
Núñez  90' | BBC report
Sky report | Kipré  83' | Stadium: Carrow Road
Attendance: 25,417
Referee: James Linington (Isle of Wight) |

| 11 March 2023 (2023-03-11) 36 | **Preston North End** | **2–0** | **Cardiff City** | Preston |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT | Storey  14'
Cannon  68',  90'
Evans  90+4' | BBC report
Sky report | McGuinness  41'
Alnwick  90+2' | Stadium: Deepdale
Attendance: 14,295
Referee: David Webb (County Durham) |

| 15 March 2023 (2023-03-15) 37 | **Cardiff City** | **1–1** | **West Bromwich Albion** | Cardiff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 GMT | Kaba  65'
Romeo  68'
Harris  88' | BBC report
Sky report | Dike  17'
Yokuslu  33'
Ajayi  90+2' | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium
Attendance: 17,785
Referee: Leigh Doughty (Lancashire) |

| 18 March 2023 | **Rotherham United** | **Abandoned** | **Cardiff City** | Rotherham |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT |  |  | Philogene  5' | Stadium: AESSEAL New York Stadium
Referee: Oliver Langford (West Midlands) |
| *Note: Fixture was abandoned with 48 minutes played due to unplayable pitch following a rain deluge.* | | | | |

| 1 April 2023 (2023-04-01) 38 | **Cardiff City** | **2–3** | **Swansea City** | Cardiff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST | Philogene  35'
Rinomhota  58'
Kaba  83'
Kipré  90+7' | BBC report
Sky report | Piroe  3',  90'
Cullen  33'
Manning  45+1'
Ntcham  50'
Fulton  55'
Cooper  57'
Cabango  90+9' | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium
Attendance: 28,232
Referee: Keith Stroud (Hampshire) |

| 7 April 2023 (2023-04-07) 39 | **Blackpool** | **1–3** | **Cardiff City** | Blackpool |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST | Patino  25'
Bowler  74'
Connolly  76' | BBC report
Sky report | Wickham  21'
Kaba  37'
Ralls  40'
Philogene  67' | Stadium: Bloomfield Road
Attendance: 13,462
Referee: Josh Smith (Peterborough) |

| 10 April 2023 (2023-04-10) 40 | **Cardiff City** | **0–1** | **Sunderland** | Cardiff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST | Ng  59'
Kipré  75'
Etete  76'
Rinomhota  81' | BBC report
Sky report | Cirkin  60'
Neil  84' | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium
Attendance: 23,365
Referee: Thomas Bramall (Sheffield) |

| 15 April 2023 41 | **Sheffield United** | **4–1** | **Cardiff City** | Sheffield |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12:30 BST | Lowe  17'
McAtee  24'
Berge  38'
Robinson  54'
Baldock  57'
Ndiaye  80'
Clark  85' | BBC report
Sky report
Club report | Simpson  4'
Kaba  19' (pen.)
O'Dowda  52' | Stadium: Bramall Lane
Attendance: 27,768
Referee: David Webb (Lancashire) |
| *Note: Live on Sky TV* | | | | |

| 19 April 2023 42 | **Watford** | **1–3** | **Cardiff City** | Watford |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 BST | Sarr  11'
Hoedt  40'
Davis  74'
Ngakia  77' | BBC report
Sky report | Etete  31',  39'
Kipré  35'
O'Dowda  38'
Kaba  41' | Stadium: Vicarage Road
Attendance: 17,005
Referee: Jarred Gillett (Australia) |

| 22 April 2023 (2023-04-22) 43 | **Cardiff City** | **1–1** | **Stoke City** | Cardiff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST | Kaba  29',  62'
Ralls  33'
Etete  42'
Sawyers  44' | BBC report
Sky report
Club report | Laurent  16' | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium
Attendance: 20,058
Referee: Andy Davies (Hampshire) |

| 27 April 2023 44 | **Rotherham United** | **1–2** | **Cardiff City** | Rotherham |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 BST | Ogbene  37'
Rathbone  59' | BBC report
Sky report
Club report | Etete  11'
Kaba  45+2'
Kipré  87' | Stadium: AESSEAL New York Stadium
Attendance: 10,219
Referee: Oliver Langford (West Midlands) |
| *Note: Live on Sky TV* | | | | |

### FA Cup

*The Bluebirds* entered the competition in the third round and were drawn at home to Leeds United.

Win   Draw   Loss   Fixtures

| 8 January 2023 (2023-01-08) Third round | **Cardiff City** | **2–2** | **Leeds United** | Leckwith |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:00 GMT | Sang  9'
Philogene  24'
Ojo  31'
Bagan  35'  80'
Wintle  83' | BBC report
SKY report | Gnonto  27'
Struijk  28'
Rodrigo  65',  80'
Greenwood  70'
Perkins  90+3'
Wöber  90+6' | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium
Attendance: 20,324
Referee: Jarred Gillett (Liverpool) |
| *Note: Live on ITV* | | | | |

| 17 January 2023 (2023-01-17) Third round replay | **Leeds United** | **5–2** | **Cardiff City** | Leeds |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 GMT | Gnonto  1', 36',  40'
Rodrigo  24'
Bamford  71', 76' | BBC report
SKY report | Sang  39'
Robinson  84', 90+3' (pen.) | Stadium: Elland Road
Attendance: 34,465
Referee: Thomas Bramall (Sheffield) |
| *Note: Live on ITV4* | | | | |

### EFL Cup

Win   Draw   Loss   Fixtures

Cardiff City were drawn at home to Portsmouth in the first round.

| 9 August 2022 First round | **Cardiff City** | **0–3** | **Portsmouth** | Cardiff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 BST | Nelson  7'
Daley-Campbell  89' | BBC Report | Pigott  58'
Mingi  58'
Curtis  68' (pen)
Bishop  72' | Stadium: Cardiff City Stadium
Attendance: 6,303
Referee: Lee Swabey (Devon) |

1. "Cardiff City sack manager Steve Morison following Huddersfield defeat". BBC Sport. 18 September 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
2. "Mark Hudson Appointed First Team Manager". Cardiff City FC. 14 November 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
3. "Cardiff City sack manager Mark Hudson". BBC Sport. 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
4. "Sabri Lamouchi: Cardiff City appoint third manager of season". *BBC Sport*. 27 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
5. "Rohan Luthra signs City contract extension". Cardiff City F.C. 10 June 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
6. "Joe Ralls: Midfielder boosts Cardiff City by signing new deal". BBC Sport. 26 June 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
7. "Ollie Tanner joins the Bluebirds". Cardiff City F.C. 18 May 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
8. "Done Deal Mahlon Romeo joins the Bluebirds". Cardiff City F.C. 15 June 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
9. "Ebou Adams is a Bluebird". Cardiff City F.C. 13 May 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
10. "Ryan Allsop agrees to join the Bluebirds". Cardiff City FC. 16 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
11. "Cardiff City agree deal with Jak Alnwick". Cardiff City F.C. 17 May 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
12. "Jamilu Collins: Cardiff City sign Nigeria international left-back". BBC Sport. 20 May 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
13. "Vontae Daley-Campbell agrees terms with City". Cardiff City F.C. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
14. "Callum O'Dowda joins Cardiff City". Cardiff City FC. 8 June 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
15. "Andy Rinomhota signs for the Bluebirds". Cardiff City FC. 24 June 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
16. "Romain Sawyers is a Bluebird". Cardiff City F.C. 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
17. "Sheyi Ojo signs". Cardiff City FC. 13 July 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
18. "Done Deal: Kion Etete is a Bluebird". Cardiff City FC. 4 August 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
19. "Jack Simpson joins Cardiff City". Cardiff City FC. 9 August 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
20. "Cameron Antwi and Raheem Conte sign for City". Cardiff City FC. 10 August 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
21. "Callum Robinson is a Bluebird". Cardiff City FC. 1 September 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
22. "Sebastian Kristensen signs for City". Cardiff City FC. 12 September 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
23. "Bluebirds sign Connor Wickham". Cardiff City F.C. 14 February 2023.
24. "Cardiff City transfer news as West Ham kid signs and Lamouchi sends first-teamers to play in Millwall win". Cardiff City F.C. 21 February 2023.
25. "Sam Bowen joins Newport County". Cardiff City FC. 25 May 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
26. "James Connolly joins Bristol Rovers". Cardiff City FC. 24 June 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
27. "2021/22 Retained List". Cardiff City F.C. 10 June 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
28. "Bacuna Signs On". Watford FC. 14 December 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
29. "We're pleased to welcome former Cardiff and Morecambe defender Ibrahim Bakare on a short term deal!". Twitter. 13 September 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
30. "Ciaron Brown Signs". Oxford United FC. 26 June 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
31. "Aden Flint: Centre-back announces Cardiff City exit". BBC Sport. 21 May 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
32. "Flint becomes first summer signing". Stoke City FC. 15 June 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
33. "Siyabonga Ligendza Joins The Fylde Ranks". AFC Fylde. 17 September 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
34. "Josh Murphy: Oxford United sign Cardiff City winger on two-year deal". BBC Sport. 26 June 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
35. "Marlon Pack: Midfielder confirms Cardiff City exit". BBC Sport. 9 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
36. "Marlon Pack: Midfielder signs two-year deal with Portsmouth". BBC Sport. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
37. "Keenan Patten Joins On A Permanent Deal". AFC Fylde. 2 August 2022. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
38. "Alex Smithies: Cardiff City goalkeeper to leave club". BBC Sport. 14 April 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
39. "Goalkeeper Alex Smithies Signs For Leicester City". Leicester City FC. 12 August 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
40. "Will Vaulks: Sheffield Wednesday sign Cardiff City midfielder". BBC Sport. 21 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
41. "Derby County: Striker James Collins and goalkeeper Scott Loach join Rams". BBC Sport. 13 July 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
42. "Sean Morrison to leave Cardiff City". Cardiff City F.C. 5 January 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
43. "Sean signs in to become first January addition". Rotherham United FC. 10 January 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
44. "Curtis Nelson: Cardiff City defender leaves by mutual consent". BBC Sport. 28 January 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
45. "Curtis Nelson departs CCS". Cardiff City FC. 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
46. "Welsh youngster Biancheri joins Man Utd". British Broadcasting Corporation. 27 February 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
47. "Cédric Kipré joins the Bluebirds on loan". Cardiff City FC. 15 July 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
48. "Jaden Philogene joins the Bluebirds on loan". Cardiff City FC. 26 July 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
49. "Niels Nkounkou joins the Bluebirds on loan". Cardiff City FC. 27 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
50. "Nkounkou recalled by Everton". Cardiff City FC. 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
51. "Sory Kaba joins Cardiff City". Cardiff City F.C. 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
52. "Chanka Zimba to join Newport County on loan". Cardiff City F.C. 3 June 2022.
53. "Loanee trio to return to parent clubs". Newport County. 29 December 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
54. "Kieron Evans links up with Torquay United". Cardiff City FC. 1 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
55. "Dillon Phillips joins K.V. Oostende". Cardiff City FC. 27 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
56. "Mark McGuinness joins Sheffield Wednesday on loan". Cardiff City FC. 18 August 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
57. "Bluebirds recall McGuinness". Cardiff City FC. 19 January 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
58. "Eli King: Cardiff City midfielder joins Crewe Alexandra on loan until January". BBC Sport. 25 August 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
59. "Loan Max Watters joins Barnsley". Cardiff City F.C. 5 January 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
60. "Loan Ollie Tanner joins York City". Cardiff City F.C. 9 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
61. "Delighted to announce the signing of Tom Davies from Cardiff City on loan". Pontypridd United AFC - Twitter. 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
62. "Jack Leahy joins on loan from Cardiff City for remainder of season". Haverfordwest County AFC. 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
63. "Reading given six-point deduction for breaching EFL business plan". *BBC Sport*. 4 April 2023. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
64. "Wigan Athletic docked three points by EFL for failing to pay players". *BBC Sport*. 20 March 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
65. "EFL Regulations Section 3 – The League; subsection 9 – Method of Determining League Positions". EFL. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
66. "2022/23 Sky Bet Championship fixtures". Cardiff City FC. 23 June 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
67. "EFL schedule to be postponed". Cardiff City FC. 9 September 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
68. "Rotherham United vs. Cardiff City | Match Postponed". Cardiff City FC. 18 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
69. "Emirates FA Cup third round Draw | Cardiff City vs. Leeds United". Cardiff City FC. 28 November 2022. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
70. "2022/23 Carabao Cup R1 | City vs. Portsmouth". Cardiff City FC. 23 June 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2022.

## InfoBox

Cardiff City FC
| 2022–23 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Owner | Vincent Tan |
| Chairman | Mehmet Dalman |
| Manager | Steve Morison
(until 18 September)
Mark Hudson
(from 14 November until 14 January)
Sabri Lamouchi
(from 27 January) |
| Stadium | Cardiff City Stadium |
| Championship | 21st |
| FA Cup | Third round |
| EFL Cup | First round |
| Top goalscorer | League: Sory Kaba (8)
All: Sory Kaba (8) |
| Highest home attendance | 28,232 vs. Swansea City, 1 April 2023 |
| Lowest home attendance | 6,303 vs. Portsmouth, 9 August 2022 |
| Average home league attendance | 19,455 |
| Biggest win | 3–1 vs. Wigan Athletic (8 October 2022), 3-1 vs. Blackpool F.C (7 April 2023), 3-1 vs. Watford F.C (19 April 2023) |
| Biggest defeat | 0–3 vs. Portsmouth (9 August 2022), 0–3 vs. Burnley (8 May 2023) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Dimes (restaurant)

abstract: Dimes is a restaurant in the Lower East Side neighborhood of New York City. Alissa Wagner and Sabrina DeSousa founded it in 2013. There are also an associated deli, Dimes Deli, and a store, Dimes Market, in the same neighborhood.

text:
# Dimes (restaurant)

**Dimes** is a restaurant in the Lower East Side neighborhood of New York City. Alissa Wagner and Sabrina DeSousa founded it in 2013. There are also an associated deli, Dimes Deli, and a store, Dimes Market, in the same neighborhood.

## History

The restaurant's founders, Alissa Wagner and Sabrina DeSousa, met while both employed at the restaurant Lovely Day, in the Nolita neighborhood. Both lived near Dimes's original location, and sensed "a hole" in the neighborhood that they sought to fill with their restaurant. DeSousa has also said that their original ambition was to "have a place where we could hang out with our friends." The pair was also inspired by frequent trips to Whole Foods, the only place near their apartments "for us to get a healthy and delicious meal."

The restaurant first opened a 20-seat location on Division Street, but moved and reopened in 2015 to a larger location 299 feet away on Canal Street. Upon reopening, the restaurant began serving alcohol and an expanded dinner menu. The original location is now Dimes Deli, which opened in September 2015. Dimes Deli serves takeout and a limited menu including salads, sandwiches, and bowls. Dimes Deli is next to Dimes Market. Although ostensibly a grocery store, Dimes Market also sells ceramics, books, and other household items.

The restaurant published its first cookbook in 2020.

### Clientele and influence

Shauna Lyon, writing for *The New Yorker*, referred to Dimes's clientele as "cool kids". Wagner has said the restaurant is popular with members of the fashion industry and the art world. The presence of several Dimes-brand storefronts and its association with the surrounding portion of Chinatown has led to the area around the restaurant being called "Dimes Square". This nickname has been popularised by Dasha Nekrasova and Anna Khachiyan on their podcast, *Red Scare*.

The restaurant has also been credited with pioneering what *The New York Times* has called the “all-day café”. Other examples include Res Ipsa in Philadelphia and June’s All Day in Austin.

## Reception

Reviews have noted that the restaurant fosters an atmosphere hostile to non-regulars. *New York Magazine* called it "cliquish". Chris Stang, writing for The Infatuation, wrote that the restaurant was "uncomfortable due to the cold service" but that the food was "very good".

## InfoBox

| Dimes | |
| --- | --- |
| The restaurant's exterior in 2024 | |
|  | |
| Restaurant information | |
| Established | 2013 (2013) |
| Owner(s) | Alissa Wagner and Sabrina DeSousa |
| State | New York |
| Coordinates | 40°42′53.9″N 73°59′29.6″W / 40.714972°N 73.991556°W / 40.714972; -73.991556 |
| Website | dimesnyc.com |


title: Site-directed mutagenesis

abstract: Site-directed mutagenesis is a molecular biology method that is used to make specific and intentional mutating changes to the DNA sequence of a gene and any gene products. Also called site-specific mutagenesis or oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, it is used for investigating the structure and biological activity of DNA, RNA, and protein molecules, and for protein engineering. Site-directed mutagenesis is one of the most important laboratory techniques for creating DNA libraries by introducing mutations into DNA sequences. There are numerous methods for achieving site-directed mutagenesis, but with decreasing costs of oligonucleotide synthesis, artificial gene synthesis is now occasionally used as an alternative to site-directed mutagenesis. Since 2013, the development of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, based on a prokaryotic viral defense system, has also allowed for the editing of the genome, and mutagenesis may be performed in vivo with relative ease.

text:
# Site-directed mutagenesis

**Site-directed mutagenesis** is a molecular biology method that is used to make specific and intentional mutating changes to the DNA sequence of a gene and any gene products. Also called **site-specific mutagenesis** or **oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis**, it is used for investigating the structure and biological activity of DNA, RNA, and protein molecules, and for protein engineering.

Site-directed mutagenesis is one of the most important laboratory techniques for creating DNA libraries by introducing mutations into DNA sequences. There are numerous methods for achieving site-directed mutagenesis, but with decreasing costs of oligonucleotide synthesis, artificial gene synthesis is now occasionally used as an alternative to site-directed mutagenesis. Since 2013, the development of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, based on a prokaryotic viral defense system, has also allowed for the editing of the genome, and mutagenesis may be performed *in vivo* with relative ease.

## History

Early attempts at mutagenesis using radiation or chemical mutagens were non-site-specific, generating random mutations. Analogs of nucleotides and other chemicals were later used to generate localized point mutations, examples of such chemicals are aminopurine, nitrosoguanidine, and bisulfite. Site-directed mutagenesis was achieved in 1974 in the laboratory of Charles Weissmann using a nucleotide analogue N4-hydroxycytidine, which induces transition of GC to AT. These methods of mutagenesis, however, are limited by the kind of mutation they can achieve, and they are not as specific as later site-directed mutagenesis methods.

In 1971, Clyde Hutchison and Marshall Edgell showed that it is possible to produce mutants with small fragments of phage ϕX174 and restriction nucleases. Hutchison later produced with his collaborator Michael Smith in 1978 a more flexible approach to site-directed mutagenesis by using oligonucleotides in a primer extension method with DNA polymerase. For his part in the development of this process, Michael Smith later shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in October 1993 with Kary B. Mullis, who invented polymerase chain reaction.

## Basic mechanism

The basic procedure requires the synthesis of a short DNA primer. This synthetic primer contains the desired mutation and is complementary to the template DNA around the mutation site so it can hybridize with the DNA in the gene of interest. The mutation may be a single base change (a point mutation), multiple base changes, deletion, or insertion. The single-strand primer is then extended using a DNA polymerase, which copies the rest of the gene. The gene thus copied contains the mutated site, and is then introduced into a host cell in a vector and cloned. Finally, mutants are selected by DNA sequencing to check that they contain the desired mutation.

## Approaches

The original method using single-primer extension was inefficient due to a low yield of mutants. This resulting mixture contains both the original unmutated template as well as the mutant strand, producing a mixed population of mutant and non-mutant progenies. Furthermore, the template used is methylated while the mutant strand is unmethylated, and the mutants may be counter-selected due to presence of mismatch repair system that favors the methylated template DNA, resulting in fewer mutants. Many approaches have since been developed to improve the efficiency of mutagenesis.

A large number of methods are available to effect site-directed mutagenesis, although most of them have rarely been used in laboratories since the early 2000s, as newer techniques allow for simpler and easier ways of introducing site-specific mutation into genes.

### Kunkel's method

In 1985, Thomas Kunkel introduced a technique that reduces the need to select for the mutants. The DNA fragment to be mutated is inserted into a phagemid such as M13mp18/19 and is then transformed into an *E. coli* strain deficient in two enzymes, dUTPase (*dut*) and uracil deglycosidase (*udg*). Both enzymes are part of a DNA repair pathway that protects the bacterial chromosome from mutations by the spontaneous deamination of dCTP to dUTP. The dUTPase deficiency prevents the breakdown of dUTP, resulting in a high level of dUTP in the cell. The uracil deglycosidase deficiency prevents the removal of uracil from newly synthesized DNA. As the double-mutant *E. coli* replicates the phage DNA, its enzymatic machinery may, therefore, misincorporate dUTP instead of dTTP, resulting in single-strand DNA that contains some uracils (ssUDNA). The ssUDNA is extracted from the bacteriophage that is released into the medium, and then used as template for mutagenesis. An oligonucleotide containing the desired mutation is used for primer extension. The heteroduplex DNA, that forms, consists of one parental non-mutated strand containing dUTP and a mutated strand containing dTTP. The DNA is then transformed into an E. coli strain carrying the wildtype *dut* and *udg* genes. Here, the uracil-containing parental DNA strand is degraded, so that nearly all of the resulting DNA consists of the mutated strand.

### Cassette mutagenesis

Unlike other methods, cassette mutagenesis need not involve primer extension using DNA polymerase. In this method, a fragment of DNA is synthesized, and then inserted into a plasmid. It involves the cleavage by a restriction enzyme at a site in the plasmid and subsequent ligation of a pair of complementary oligonucleotides containing the mutation in the gene of interest to the plasmid. Usually, the restriction enzymes that cut at the plasmid and the oligonucleotide are the same, permitting sticky ends of the plasmid and insert to ligate to one another. This method can generate mutants at close to 100% efficiency, but is limited by the availability of suitable restriction sites flanking the site that is to be mutated.

### PCR site-directed mutagenesis

The limitation of restriction sites in cassette mutagenesis may be overcome using polymerase chain reaction with oligonucleotide "primers", such that a larger fragment may be generated, covering two convenient restriction sites. The exponential amplification in PCR produces a fragment containing the desired mutation in sufficient quantity to be separated from the original, unmutated plasmid by gel electrophoresis, which may then be inserted in the original context using standard recombinant molecular biology techniques. There are many variations of the same technique. The simplest method places the mutation site toward one of the ends of the fragment whereby one of two oligonucleotides used for generating the fragment contains the mutation. This involves a single step of PCR, but still has the inherent problem of requiring a suitable restriction site near the mutation site unless a very long primer is used. Other variations, therefore, employ three or four oligonucleotides, two of which may be non-mutagenic oligonucleotides that cover two convenient restriction sites and generate a fragment that can be digested and ligated into a plasmid, whereas the mutagenic oligonucleotide may be complementary to a location within that fragment well away from any convenient restriction site. These methods require multiple steps of PCR so that the final fragment to be ligated can contain the desired mutation. The design process for generating a fragment with the desired mutation and relevant restriction sites can be cumbersome. Software tools like SDM-Assist can simplify the process.

### Whole plasmid mutagenesis

For plasmid manipulations, other site-directed mutagenesis techniques have been supplanted largely by techniques that are highly efficient but relatively simple, easy to use, and commercially available as a kit. An example of these techniques is the "Quikchange" method, wherein a pair of complementary mutagenic primers are used to amplify the entire plasmid in a thermocycling reaction using a high-fidelity non-strand-displacing DNA polymerase such as *Pfu* polymerase. The reaction generates a nicked, circular DNA. The template DNA must be eliminated by enzymatic digestion with a restriction enzyme such as *Dpn*I, which is specific for methylated DNA. All DNA produced from most *Escherichia coli* strains would be methylated; the template plasmid that is biosynthesized in *E. coli* will, therefore, be digested, while the mutated plasmid, which is generated *in vitro* and is therefore unmethylated, would be left undigested. Note that, in these double-strand plasmid mutagenesis methods, while the thermocycling reaction may be used, the DNA is not exponentially amplified if the two primers are designed such that they bind symmetrically to the same region around the mutagenesis site, as described in the original protocol. In this case the amplification is linear, and it is therefore inaccurate to describe the procedure as a PCR, since there is no chain reaction. However, if the primers are designed to bind in an offset manner such that mutagenesis site is close to the 5' end of both primers, the 3' region of the primers can bind also to the amplified products and thus exponential product formation is observed. The name "Quikchange" originates from the registered trademark "QuikChange mutagenesis" of Stratagene, now Agilent Technologies, for site directed mutagenesis kits. The method was developed by scientists working at Stratagene.

Note that *Pfu* polymerase can become strand-displacing at higher extension temperature (≥70 °C) which can result in the failure of the experiment, therefore the extension reaction should be performed at the recommended temperature of 68 °C. In some applications, this method has been observed to lead to insertion of multiple copies of primers. A variation of this method, called SPRINP, prevents this artifact and has been used in different types of site directed mutagenesis.

Other techniques such as scanning mutagenesis of oligo-directed targets (SMOOT) can semi-randomly combine mutagenic oligonucleotides in plasmid mutagenesis. This technique can create plasmid mutagenesis libraries ranging from single mutations to comprehensive codon mutagenesis across an entire gene.

### *In vivo* site-directed mutagenesis methods

* *Delitto perfetto*
* Transplacement "pop-in pop-out"
* Direct gene deletion and site-specific mutagenesis with PCR and one recyclable marker
* Direct gene deletion and site-specific mutagenesis with PCR and one recyclable marker using long homologous regions
* *In vivo* site-directed mutagenesis with synthetic oligonucleotides

### CRISPR

Since 2013, the development of CRISPR-Cas9 technology has allowed for the efficient introduction of various mutations into the genome of a wide variety of organisms. The method does not require a transposon insertion site, leaves no marker, and its efficiency and simplicity has made it the preferred method for genome editing.

## Applications

Site-directed mutagenesis is used to generate mutations that may produce a rationally designed protein that has improved or special properties (i.e.protein engineering).

**Investigative tools** – specific mutations in DNA allow the function and properties of a DNA sequence or a protein to be investigated in a rational approach. Furthermore, single amino-acid changes by site-directed mutagenesis in proteins can help understand the importance of post-translational modifications. For instance changing a particular serine (phosphoacceptor) to an alanine (phospho-non-acceptor) in a substrate protein blocks the attachment of a phosphate group, thereby allows the phosphorylation to be investigated. This approach has been used to uncover the phosphorylation of the protein CBP by the kinase HIPK2 Another comprehensive approach is site saturation mutagenesis where one codon or a set of codons may be substituted with all possible amino acids at the specific positions.

**Commercial applications** – Proteins may be engineered to produce mutant forms that are tailored for a specific application. For example, commonly used laundry detergents may contain subtilisin, whose wild-type form has a methionine that can be oxidized by bleach, significantly reducing the activity the protein in the process. This methionine may be replaced by alanine or other residues, making it resistant to oxidation thereby keeping the protein active in the presence of bleach.

## Gene synthesis

As the cost of DNA oligonucleotides synthesis falls, artificial synthesis of a complete gene is now a viable method for introducing mutation into gene. This method allows for extensive mutagenesis over multiples sites, including the complete redesign of the codon usage of gene to optimise it for a particular organism.


title: Sky Witness (ruler)

abstract: Sky Witness was a ruler of the Maya city and major cultural center of Calakmul, also known as Kaan. He took the rulership some time prior to the year 561, and led Kaan into a war with rival Maya city-state Tikal, winning a major victory in 562 which broke Mutal's formerly extensive power in the southern Yucatán Peninsula for some decades.

text:
# Sky Witness (ruler)

**Sky Witness** was a ruler of the Maya city and major cultural center of Calakmul, also known as Kaan.

He took the rulership some time prior to the year 561, and led Kaan into a war with rival Maya city-state Tikal (also known as Mutal), winning a major victory in 562 which broke Mutal's formerly extensive power in the southern Yucatán Peninsula for some decades.

## InfoBox

| Ut Chanal
*(Sky Witness)* | |
| --- | --- |
| *Ajaw* | |
| King of Calakmul/Dzibanche | |
| Reign | 561-572 |
| Predecessor | Tuun Kʼabʼ Hix |
| Successor | Yax Yopaat |
|  | |
| Born | Dzibanche |
| Died | 572
Dzibanche |
| Issue | Yax Yopaat
Uneh Chan
Lady Che'enal, Queen of Cobá (possibly)
Lady Na Chaʼak Kab, Queen of Yo'okop (possibly) |
| House | Snake dynasty |
| Father | Tuun Kʼabʼ Hix (possibly) |
| Mother | Lady Ek' Naah (possibly) |
| Religion | Maya religion |


title: The World At Night

abstract: The World At Night (TWAN) is an international project to produce and present a collection of high-quality photos, videos, and virtual reality (VR) images of the night sky taken at various natural, cultural, and historic locations worldwide. Based on the peacemaking slogan of "One People, One Sky", TWAN aims to demonstrate that humanity is one family when considered under the roof of the night sky. According to its website, "TWAN is a bridge between art, humanity, and science. The eternally peaceful sky looks the same above all the landmarks and symbols of different nations and regions, attesting to the truly unified nature of Earth as a planet rather than an amalgam of human-designated territories."

text:
# The World At Night

**The World At Night** (**TWAN**) is an international project to produce and present a collection of high-quality photos, videos, and virtual reality (VR) images of the night sky taken at various natural, cultural, and historic locations worldwide.

Based on the peacemaking slogan of "One People, One Sky", TWAN aims to demonstrate that humanity is one family when considered under the roof of the night sky. According to its website, "TWAN is a bridge between art, humanity, and science. The eternally peaceful sky looks the same above all the landmarks and symbols of different nations and regions, attesting to the truly unified nature of Earth as a planet rather than an amalgam of human-designated territories."

## Access

This imagery is available for viewing on the TWAN website, through media contributions and presentations and exhibits in various countries. TWAN events have been organized in countries such as United States, Brazil, Chile, France, Germany, Italy, Turkey, Algeria, Iran, India, Thailand, South Korea, South Africa, and Australia. The images are also presented in the form of publications and TWAN books and DVDs are planned for release in 2010.

## Management

About 30 night sky photographers from around the world combine their talents and expertise through TWAN. They travel globally and photograph scenes that tell how the familiar sky appears the same from country to country and continent to continent.

The TWAN project is coordinated by Astronomers Without Borders (AWB). According to its website, "TWAN has brought together photographers, astronomers and organizations worldwide to create a new international team that fulfills its primary goal of bringing to the public a new way of seeing the beauty of nights sky and wonders of our planet, portraying Earth’s people as one family and our world as a living planet we must care for."

In addition to the main photo and video galleries on the TWAN website, there are specific galleries for UNESCO World Heritage Sites, and images that have appeared on NASA's Astronomy Picture of the Day (APOD) website. TWAN also has a "Guest Gallery" where people can submit their own night-sky images. This furthers the reach and variety of the image collection, which includes more than 1500 photos, videos, and VR imagery. Sites from about 50 countries are represented, spanning every continent.

The photographic imagery on the TWAN website is copyrighted.

TWAN has been designated by UNESCO and the International Astronomical Union (IAU) as a Special Project of the International Year of Astronomy 2009 (IYA2009). A TWAN exhibition accompanied the opening ceremony of IYA2009 in the UNESCO headquarters in Paris.

## Examples of photos

TWAN photos that have been NASA's Astronomy Pictures of the Day include the following:

## InfoBox

The World at Night (TWAN)
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type of site | Photography website |
| Owner | Astronomers Without Borders (AWB) |
| Created by | Babak A. Tafreshi<br>Mike Simmons |
| URL | twanight.org |
| Commercial | No |
| Launched | Fall 2007 |


title: Utricularia subulata

abstract: Utricularia subulata, the zigzag bladderwort, is a small annual, terrestrial carnivorous plant that belongs to the genus Utricularia. It is the most widely distributed species in the genus, being almost pantropical. It is native to the Northern Territory found in the Darwin Coastal, Tiwi Island and Cobourg Peninsula regions.

text:
# Utricularia subulata

***Utricularia subulata***, the **zigzag bladderwort**, is a small annual, terrestrial carnivorous plant that belongs to the genus *Utricularia* (family Lentibulariaceae). It is the most widely distributed species in the genus, being almost pantropical.

It is native to the Northern Territory found in the Darwin Coastal, Tiwi Island and Cobourg Peninsula regions.

* *Utricularia subulata* in Brunken, U., Schmidt, M., Dressler, S., Janssen, T., Thiombiano, A. & Zizka, G. 2008. West African plants - A Photo Guide. www.westafricanplants.senckenberg.de.

## InfoBox

| *Utricularia subulata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| A naturalized population of *U. subulata* in Mendocino County, California. | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Lentibulariaceae |
| Genus: | *Utricularia* |
| Subgenus: | *Utricularia* subg. *Utricularia* |
| Section: | *Utricularia sect. Setiscapella* |
| Species: | ***U. subulata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Utricularia subulata***<br>L. | |
|


title: Shakhban Kurbanov

abstract: Shakhban Kurbanov is a Russian Paralympic judoka. He represented Russia at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and he won the bronze medal in the men's 73 kg event in 2012. He won the silver medal in the men's 70 kg event at the 2015 IBSA World Games.

text:
# Shakhban Kurbanov

**Shakhban Kurbanov** is a Russian Paralympic judoka. He represented Russia at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and he won the bronze medal in the men's 73 kg event in 2012.

He won the silver medal in the men's 70 kg event at the 2015 IBSA World Games.

## InfoBox

Shakhban Kurbanov
| Sport | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Russia |
| Sport | Paralympic judo |
| Medal record      Paralympic Games   2012 London  73 kg | |


title: Spanish frigate Santa Brigida (1785)

abstract: Santa Brigida was a frigate of the Spanish Navy, launched in 1785. The British Royal Navy captured her in 1799. She then became the East Indiaman Automatia, and made one voyage for the British East India Company (EIC). She was sold for breaking up in 1803.

text:
# Spanish frigate Santa Brigida (1785)

***Santa Brigida*** was a frigate of the Spanish Navy, launched in 1785. The British Royal Navy captured her in 1799. She then became the East Indiaman ***Automatia*** (or *Automasia*, or *Automation*), and made one voyage for the British East India Company (EIC). She was sold for breaking up in 1803.

## Capture

*Santa Brigida* and *Thetis* left Vera Cruz (Mexico) on 21 August 1799. *Santa Brigada* was under the command of Captain Don Antonio Pillon. She was carrying a cargo of drugs, annatto, cochineal, indigo and sugar, and some 1,500,000 Spanish dollars (£313,000). *Thetis* was under the command of Captain Don Juan de Mendoza and carried a cargo of cocoa, cochineal and sugar, and more importantly, specie worth 1,385,292 Spanish dollars (£312,000).

On 16 October they encountered several British frigates in position 44°01′N 12°38′W / 44.017°N 12.633°W / 44.017; -12.633. HMS *Ethalion* captured *Thetis*. HMS *Triton*, *Naiad*, and *Alcmene* captured *Santa Brigida* after a short engagement. *Santa Brigida* had two men killed and eight men wounded. Prize money was paid on 14 January 1800.

The British considered neither vessel eligible for the Royal Navy. Their "chief and almost only value rested in the cargo they carried."

## Merchantman

Prinsep and Saunders purchased *Santa Brigida*, converted her into an East Indiaman, and renamed her *Automatia* (or *Automasia*, or *Automation*).

*Automatia* appears in the *Register of Shipping* for 1802 with S. Cortis, master, R. Heater, owner, and trade Plymouth-Calcutta. Captain Anthony Curtis (or Cortis), acquired a letter of marque on 8 December 1800. Messrs. Princip and Saunders had tendered *Automasia*, Anthony Curtis, master, to the EIC to bring back rice from Bengal. She was one of 28 vessels that sailed on that mission between December 1800 and February 1801.

Curtis sailed from Plymouth on 25 December, bound for Madras and Bengal. However, on 30 December a violent squall of the Lizard carried away *Automatia*'s mast; HMS *Defiance* towed her to Falmouth. On 7 March she passed Plymouth as she sailed from Torbay to Calcutta for rice.

*Automatia* arrived at Madras on 23 June 1801, and Calcutta on 5 July. On 1 September she reported that she had almost completed loading her rice and that she expected to sail for Europe in a few days. Homeward bound, she was at Kedgeree on 22 September, and left there on 5 October.

On 19 October *Automasia* recaptured from the French the snow *Friendship*, of/off Vizagapatam. *Lloyd's List* reported on 16 March 1802 that *Automasia*, Curtis, master, had recaptured *Friendship*, Topham, master. *Friendship* had been sailing from Negapatam to Madras with "bale goods". *Automasia* sent her into Calcutta.

*Automatia* reached the Cape of Good Hope on 19 December. She left on 3 January 1802 and arrived at the Downs on 13 March. She reported that during her voyage, in 1801, she had sighted Slot Von Capelle Bank at 36°40′S 41°20′E / 36.667°S 41.333°E / -36.667; 41.333.

## Fate

On her return from India *Automatia* underwent a survey preparatory to making another voyage. She was found unfit for further service and was sold in 1803 for breaking up.

The *Register of Shipping* continues to carry *Automatia* to 1805, but all data is stale. *Lloyd's Register* does not appear ever to have carried her.

## Citations

1. Fisher (1788).
2. Letter of Marque, p.51 – Retrieved 25 July 2017.
3. *Register of Shipping* (1802), Seq.A918.
4. Hardy (1800), p.217.
5. "No. 15197". *The London Gazette*. 22 October 1799. pp. 1094–1095.
6. James (1837), Vol. 2, pp.356–8.
7. James (1837), Vol. 2, p.358.
8. Hackman (2001), p.223.
9. British Library: *Automatia*.
10. *Naval Chronicle*, Vol. 5, p.92.
11. *Naval Chronicle*, Vol. 5, p.273.
12. *Naval Chronicle*, Vol. 7, p.178.
13. *Lloyd's list* №4238.
14. *East India Registry and Directory for 1803*, p.97.
15. Hydrographic Office (1804), p.449.
* Fisher, Anne (1788) *An accurate new spelling dictionary, and expositor of the English language ... The sixth edition, much improved*
* Hackman, Rowan (2001). *Ships of the East India Company*. Gravesend, Kent: World Ship Society. ISBN 0-905617-96-7.
* Hardy, Charles (1800). *A Register of Ships, Employed in the Service of the Hon. the United East India Company, from the Union of the Two Companies, in 1707, to the Year 1760: Specifying the Number of Voyages, Tonnage, Commanders, and Stations. To which is Added, from the Latter Period to the Present Time, the Managing Owners, Principal Officers, Surgeons, and Pursers; with the Dates of Their Sailing and Arrival: Also, an Appendix, Containing Many Particulars, Interesting to Those Concerned in the East India Commerce*. Charles Hardy.
* Hydrographic Office, Admiralty (1904) *Islands in the Southern Indian Ocean, Westward of Longitude 80° East: Including Madagascar*.
* James, William; Chamier, Frederick (1837). *The Naval History of Great Britain: From the Declaration of War by France In 1793 to the Accession of George IV*. London, UK: R. Bentley. OCLC 656581450.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Spain | |
| Name | *Santa Brigida* |
| Ordered | 3 September 1782 |
| Builder | Cartagena, Spain |
| Launched | 5 March 1785 |
| Captured | 18 October 1799 |
| United Kingdom | |
| Name | *Automatia* |
| Namesake | Obsolete name for Fortuna, the goddess of Chance |
| Acquired | By purchase of a prize |
| Fate | Broken up 1803 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | 34-gun frigate |
| Tons burthen | 928, or 9289394, or 930, or 960 (bm) |
| Sail plan | Full-rigged ship |
| Complement | *Automatia*:50 |
| Armament | * *Santa Brigida*:34 guns * *Automatia*:24 × 24&18&12-pounder guns |


title: Jovo Stanojević

abstract: Jovan "Jovo" Stanojević is a Serbian former professional basketball player.

text:
# Jovo Stanojević

**Jovan** "**Jovo**" **Stanojević** (Cyrillic: Јово Станојевић; born 27 September 1977) is a Serbian former professional basketball player.

## Professional career

Stanojević began his professional career at the age of 16, playing with Vojvodina in the Yugoslav Basketball League. As one of the most promising players of his generation, Stanojević participated twice at the Nike Hoop Summit in 1995 and 1996.

Throughout his career, Stanojević played abroad in several countries, including five seasons in Germany with Alba Berlin, from 2002 to 2007. He also spent few years in Turkey, playing with Beşiktaş Cola Turka, Kepez Belediyesi, Pınar Karşıyaka and TED Ankara Kolejliler. In August 2013, he decided to retire.

In September 2019, Stanojević joined I Came to Play of the amateur fourth-tier Serbian League.

## Yugoslav national team

Stanojević won a gold medal at the 2001 Summer Universiade in Beijing.

## InfoBox

Jovo Stanojević
| Stanojević with Vojvodina Srbijagas in 2009 | |
| --- | --- |
| t | |
| Position | Center |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1977-09-27) 27 September 1977<br>Sombor, SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia |
| Nationality | Serbian |
| Listed height | 2.07 m (6 ft 9 in) |
| Listed weight | 110 kg (243 lb) |
| Career information | |
| NBA draft | 1999: undrafted |
| Playing career | 1993–2013, 2019–2020 |
| Position | Center |
| Number | 7, 9, 12 |
| Career history | |
| 1993–1996 | Vojvodina |
| 1996–2000 | Crvena zvezda |
| 2000–2001 | Maccabi Ra'anana |
| 2001–2002 | Partizan |
| 2002–2007 | Alba Berlin |
| 2007 | Mega Aqua Monta |
| 2007–2008 | Prokom Trefl Sopot |
| 2008 | Beşiktaş Cola Turka |
| 2008–2009 | Kyiv |
| 2009 | Vojvodina Srbijagas |
| 2009–2010 | Kepez Belediyesi |
| 2010 | Al Kuwait |
| 2010–2012 | Pınar Karşıyaka |
| 2012–2013 | TED Ankara Kolejliler |
| 2019–2020 | I Came to Play |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Medals      Men's basketball  Representing  Yugoslavia  Universiade  2001 Beijing Team competition  '22 & under' European Championship  1998 Italy Team  1996 Turkey Team  '22 & under' World Championship  1997 Australia Team  Mediterranean Games  1997 Bari Team competition | |


title: Dimeromyces

abstract: Dimeromyces is a genus of fungi in the family Laboulbeniaceae. The genus contain 109 species.

text:
# Dimeromyces

***Dimeromyces*** is a genus of fungi in the family Laboulbeniaceae. The genus contain 109 species.

## InfoBox

| *Dimeromyces* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Laboulbeniomycetes |
| Order: | Laboulbeniales |
| Family: | Laboulbeniaceae |
| Genus: | *Dimeromyces*
Thaxt. |
|
| Type species | |
| *Dimeromyces africanus*
Thaxt. | |


title: Site-based conservation

abstract:
Site-based conservation is an approach to nature conservation that relies on the designation of important or representative examples of sites supporting key habitats or species, such as Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) or Important Bird Areas (IBAs). Whilst a rational way of ensuring that the very best resources are protected, it is open to a number of criticisms:
  - It tends to focus resources and protection on only the best sites.
  - With a changing climate, the best sites now may not be the best ones to protect for the future.
  - Wildlife is ignorant of lines drawn on maps by humans. On balance, site-based conservation is an essential part of nature conservation, along with initiatives such as environmental subsidies and planning controls that protect biodiversity across the whole landscape, and the more holistic ideas of landscape-scale conservation.

text:
# Site-based conservation

**Site-based conservation** is an approach to nature conservation that relies on the designation of important or representative examples of sites supporting key habitats or species, such as Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) or Important Bird Areas (IBAs). Whilst a rational way of ensuring that the very best resources are protected, it is open to a number of criticisms:

* It tends to focus resources and protection on only the best sites.
* With a changing climate, the best sites now may not be the best ones to protect for the future.
* Wildlife is ignorant of lines drawn on maps by humans.

On balance, site-based conservation is an essential part of nature conservation, along with initiatives such as environmental subsidies and planning controls that protect biodiversity across the whole landscape (the broad and shallow approach), and the more holistic ideas of landscape-scale conservation.


title: Sky Witch

abstract: "Sky Witch" is the twenty-ninth episode of the fifth season of the American animated television series Adventure Time. The episode was written and storyboarded by Ako Castuera and Jesse Moynihan, from a story by Kent Osborne, Pendleton Ward, Jack Pendarvis, Adam Muto, and Moynihan. It originally aired on Cartoon Network on July 29, 2013. The episode guest stars Jill Talley as the eponymous Sky Witch. The series follows the adventures of Finn, a human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake, a dog with magical powers to change shape and grow and shrink at will. In this episode, Marceline enlists Princess Bubblegum's help in order to track Maja the Sky Witch; it is revealed that Marceline's ex-boyfriend Ash sold Marceline's beloved stuffed animal Hambo to Maja. Only when Bubblegum trades her prized rock shirt—which was given to her by Marceline—is Hambo able to be reunited with Marceline. The 1973 film Don't Look Now as well as the American clothing chain American Apparel inspired parts of the episode. Chris Houghton, a cartoonist for the official Adventure Time comic book, was hired to do freelance work for the episode. "Sky Witch" was met with critical acclaim, with reviewers commenting on the series' approach and presentation of Marceline and Bubblegum's relationship. In addition, the episode was watched by 2.075 million viewers. The events in this episode were continued in the sixth season episode "Something Big".

text:
# Sky Witch

"**Sky Witch**" is the twenty-ninth episode of the fifth season of the American animated television series *Adventure Time*. The episode was written and storyboarded by Ako Castuera and Jesse Moynihan, from a story by Kent Osborne, Pendleton Ward, Jack Pendarvis, Adam Muto, and Moynihan. It originally aired on Cartoon Network on July 29, 2013. The episode guest stars Jill Talley as the eponymous Sky Witch.

The series follows the adventures of Finn (voiced by Jeremy Shada), a human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake (voiced by John DiMaggio), a dog with magical powers to change shape and grow and shrink at will. In this episode, Marceline enlists Princess Bubblegum's help in order to track Maja the Sky Witch (voiced by Talley); it is revealed that Marceline's ex-boyfriend Ash sold Marceline's beloved stuffed animal Hambo to Maja. Only when Bubblegum trades her prized rock shirt—which was given to her by Marceline—is Hambo able to be reunited with Marceline.

The 1973 film *Don't Look Now* as well as the American clothing chain American Apparel inspired parts of the episode. Chris Houghton, a cartoonist for the official *Adventure Time* comic book, was hired to do freelance work for the episode. "Sky Witch" was met with critical acclaim, with reviewers commenting on the series' approach and presentation of Marceline and Bubblegum's relationship. In addition, the episode was watched by 2.075 million viewers. The events in this episode were continued in the sixth season episode "Something Big".

## Plot

Marceline arrives at the Candy Kingdom and beseeches Bubblegum to help her track down Maja, the Sky Witch (voiced by Jill Talley), arguing that it will allow the two to spend "quality time" with one another. Bubblegum eventually agrees, and the two journey to Maja's trap-infested lair. Bubblegum soon learns that Marceline is hoping to retrieve her beloved teddy bear, Hambo, that her ex-boyfriend Ash had previously traded for a magic wand. Bubblegum is annoyed that Marceline is worrying about a mere teddy bear, but Marceline, thinking that she sees Hambo, takes off, deeper into the lair.

Bubblegum gives chase, eventually discovering the inner sanctum of Maja's lair, where she confronts Maja herself. With Marceline disposed, fighting Maja's crow-rabbit familiar, Bubblegum realizes that since Maja purchased Hambo legally however dubious the transaction was, she has to respect the sale. She therefore trades Maja her beloved rock shirt for Hambo. Maja is later seen ominously musing that, because the shirt has more "psychic resonance", she will be able to use it for "something big".

## Production

"Sky Witch" was written and storyboarded by Ako Castuere and Jesse Moynihan, from a story by Kent Osborne, Pendleton Ward, Jack Pendarvis, Moynihan, and Adam Muto. Art direction was handled by Nick Jennings, whereas supervising direction was helmed by Nate Cash. On the behest of Pendarvis, Moynihan and Castuera inserted a reference to the 1973 film *Don't Look Now*, although Pendarivs later noted that because the two storyboard artists "worked a magical transformation", it was "not really an allusion anymore". The design for Marceline's outfit was based on an American Apparel model that Moynihan and Castuer had both seen. In turn, they decided to "make fun of" it and exaggerate it for use in the show.

Actress Jill Talley voiced Maja; she is also the wife of fellow series voice actor Tom Kenny. Chris Houghton, a cartoonist noted for drawing the covers for the first twelve issues of the official *Adventure Time* comic book, was hired to do freelance work for the episode. He was largely tasked with drawing finalized versions of Maja—heavily based upon Moynihan and Castuera's designs—as well as certain key frames for the episode. Santino Lascano, one of the background artists for the show, later wrote online that it was "fun" to design for this episode because it enabled him to draw new locations that the show had yet to explore. He noted that Maja's totems featured in the episode were designed to resembled the real-life sculptures made by Castuera.

## Reception

"Sky Witch" first aired on Cartoon Network on July 29, 2013. The episode was viewed by 2.075 million viewers and scored a 1.3 Nielsen rating. Nielsen ratings are audience measurement systems that determine the audience size and composition of television programming in the United States, which means that the episode was seen by 1.3 percent of all households that were watching television at the time of the episode's airing. Furthermore, the episode was the most-watched episode of television for Cartoon Network during the week of July 29 to August 4.

Sonia Saraiya of *The A.V. Club* awarded the episode an "A" and called it "awesome in every way" due to it showcasing Marceline and Princess Bubblegum's developing friendship. Saraiya applauded the fact that the show pushed two characters who are "both terrible at demonstrating their own vulnerability" together, allowing both of the character's faults to play off of one another.

Some critics argued that the episode seemed to officially recognize a relationship between Marceline and Bubblegum, unofficially referred to as "Bubbline", a portmanteau of "Bubblegum" and "Marceline". Dana Piccoli of AfterEllen.com wrote that the episode "appears to shift Bubbeline from subtext to canon". Ali Osworth of *Autostraddle* argued that the episode was evidence that the show was moving towards officially recognizing, or "canonizing", the relationship. On his website, Moynihan, however, argued that the meaning of the episode is up in the air and is contingent on how the audience interprets it. He noted: "I think it’s important for me express that I rarely believe a writer has more authority over the meaning of their writing than the audience. When you submit a narrative to the public \[the\] writer no longer has the last word and sometimes their word is worse anyway."

## Explanatory notes

1. "Copyright Catalog" (enter "Adventure Time" in the search parameter and select individual episode titles for further information). United States Copyright Office. Retrieved May 29, 2014.
2. Cash, Nate (supervising director); Nick Jennings (art director); Ako Castuera & Nate Cash (storyboard artists) (July 29, 2013). "Sky Witch". *Adventure Time*. Season 5. Episode 29. Cartoon Network.
3. Pendarvis, Jack (July 30, 2013). "Do Look Now". Blogger. Retrieved May 3, 2014.
4. Moynhihan, Jesse (July 26, 2013). "Sky Witch". JesseMoynihan.com. Archived from the original on October 13, 2013. Retrieved April 28, 2014.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
5. "Tom Kenny: Biography". *TV Guide*. Retrieved September 21, 2012.
6. Houghton, Chris (May 11, 2013). "Hey Guys..." Tumblr. Archived from the original on December 19, 2014.
7. Houghton, Chris (March 27, 2014). "More Adventure Time Covers". Tumblr. Archived from the original on July 30, 2017. Retrieved May 3, 2014.
8. Houghton, Chris (July 30, 2013). "The Sky Witch!". Tumblr. Archived from the original on December 19, 2014.
9. Lascano, Santino (August 2, 2013). "Sky Witch". Tumblr. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
10. Pucci, Douglas (August 10, 2013). "Cartoon Network Ratings (July 29-August 4, 2013)". *Son of the Bronx*. Blogger. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
11. Saraiva, Sonia (July 30, 2013). "Adventure Time: 'Sky Witch'". *The A.V. Club*. The Onion. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
12. Piccoli, Dana (August 5, 2013). "Are 'Adventure Time''s Princess Bubblegum and Marceline the Real Deal?". *Afterellen*. AfterEllen.com. Retrieved May 3, 2014.
13. Osworth, Ali (August 24, 2013). "This Is A Bubbline Appreciation Post and Gallery". Autostraddle. Retrieved May 3, 2014.

## InfoBox

| "**Sky Witch**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Adventure Time* episode | |
|  | |
| Episode no. | Season 5
Episode 29 |
| Directed by |  |
| Written by | Ako Castuera
Jesse Moynihan |
| Story by | Kent Osborne
Pendleton Ward
Jack Pendarvis
Adam Muto
Jesse Moynihan |
| Production code | 1014-138 |
| Original air date | July 29, 2013 (2013-07-29) |
| Running time | 11 minutes |
| Guest appearance | |
|  | |
|
|


title: The World Almanac

abstract: The World Almanac and Book of Facts is a US-published reference work, an almanac conveying information about such subjects as world changes, tragedies, and sports feats. It has been published yearly from 1868 to 1875, and again every year since 1886.

text:
# The World Almanac

***The World Almanac and Book of Facts*** is a US-published reference work, an almanac conveying information about such subjects as world changes, tragedies, and sports feats. It has been published yearly from 1868 to 1875, and again every year since 1886.

## History

### 19th century

The first edition of *The World Almanac* was published by the *New York World* newspaper in 1868 (the name of the publication comes from the newspaper itself, which was known as the *World*). Published three years after the end of the Civil War and the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, its 120 pages of information touched on such events as the process of Reconstruction and the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson.

Publication was suspended in 1876, but in 1886, newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer, who had purchased the *World* and quickly transformed it into one of the most influential newspapers in the country, revived *The World Almanac* with the intention of making it "a compendium of universal knowledge." *The World Almanac* has been published annually since. From 1890 to 1934, the *New York World* Building was prominently featured on its cover.

In 1894, when it claimed more than a half-million "habitual users," *The World Almanac* changed its name to *The World Almanac and Encyclopedia*. This was the title it kept until 1923, when it became *The World Almanac and Book of Facts*, the name it bears today.

### 20th century

In 1906, the *New York Times*, reporting on the publishing of the 20th edition, said that "the almanac has made for itself a secure position, second only to the forty-year-old Whitaker's Almanac of London, with which alone it can be compared."

In 1923, the name changed to its current name, *The World Almanac and Book of Facts*.

Calvin Coolidge's father read from *The World Almanac* when he swore his son into office. Since then, photos have shown that Presidents John F. Kennedy and Bill Clinton have also used *The World Almanac* as a resource.

In 1931 The *New York World* merged with the Scripps-owned *Telegram* to form the *New York World-Telegram*. The *World-Telegram* subsequently acquired the assets of *The Sun* in 1950, and officially became the *New York World-Telegram and The Sun*. Ownership of the *Almanac* passed to the Newspaper Enterprise Association (another Scripps-owned business) in 1966, when the *World-Telegram* merged with the *New York Herald Tribune* and the *New York Journal-American*.

During World War II, *The World Almanac* could boast that it was read by GIs all over the world: between 1944 and 1946, at the request of the U.S. Government, *The World Almanac* had special print runs of 100,000 to 150,000 copies for distribution to the armed forces.

In late December 1984, the 1985 edition reached first place in the category of paperback Advice, How- To and Miscellaneous books, on the *New York Times* best-seller list, with more than 1,760,000 copies sold at the time.

The first version of the video game *Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego?*, published in 1985, included a copy of *The World Almanac* in the purchase.

From the 1968 to 1986 editions the Almanac bore the imprints of local newspapers (in New York, the *Daily News* for most of the time) in various markets while published by NEA. Thereafter it was branded with "World Almanac Books", initially as an imprint of Pharos Books, another Scripps-owned entity, until the sales noted below.

Over the decades *The World Almanac* has been featured in several Hollywood films. Fred MacMurray talks about it with Edward G. Robinson in *Double Indemnity*; Bette Davis screams about it in *All About Eve*; Audrey Hepburn and Gary Cooper flirt about it in *Love in the Afternoon*; it is featured in *Miracle on 34th Street* when a trial is held to see if Santa Claus really exists; Rosie Perez continually reads it in the film *White Men Can't Jump*; and Will Smith checks it for the exact time of sunset so he can set his digital watch in *I Am Legend*.

*The World Almanac For Kids* was published annually since 1995 until 2014.

In 1993 Scripps sold *The World Almanac* to K-III (later Primedia). *The World Almanac* was sold to Ripplewood Holdings' WRC Media in 1999. Ripplewood bought *Reader's Digest* and the book was then produced by the World Almanac Education Group, which was owned by The Reader's Digest Association.

### 21st century

*The World Almanac* was sold to Infobase in 2009. In 2018, *The World Almanac* published its 150-year anniversary edition. *The World Almanac*, together with the "World Almanac Books" imprint used since the closing years of Scripps ownership, was sold to Skyhorse Publishing in 2020.

As with other Skyhorse imprints it is distributed by Simon & Schuster.

## Editing and publishing

In the mid-1980s, *The World Almanac* was put together by a ten-member staff. Twenty percent of the book was rarely updated (for example, the text of the Constitution of the United States), fifty percent was updated at least to some extent each year, and thirty percent of the content was completely new each year.

Lists published in *The World Almanac* include:

* "Surprising Facts"
* "Number Ones"
* "Americans By the Numbers"
* "Milestone Birthdays"
* "Notable Quotes"
* "Offbeat News"
* "Historical Anniversaries"

## Editions in the public domain

## InfoBox

World Almanac
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Multiple |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Reference |
| Publisher | World Almanac Books (imprint of Skyhorse Publishing) |
| Publication date | November 28, 2023 (1st: 1868) |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Printed Book |
| Pages | 1,008 |
| ISBN | 978-1-5107-7246-5 |