title: Woodman Sanbornton Academy

abstract: Woodman Sanbornton Academy was a coeducational boarding school in Sanbornton, New Hampshire, now a part of the Sanbornton Square Historic District. The site of the building was near the location of what later became the Congregational meeting house. The institution was named for Aaron Woodman and was incorporated on June 27, 1826. The first preceptor was David L. Nichols, in 1826, and the last, Albert P. Whittemore, in 1858. The school's last term was held 1857, and thereafter, the building was left in a dilapidated condition. In 1867, the Sanbornton school district bought and repaired the building so that it could be used again as a school, the upper floor being furnished as a hall.

text:
# Woodman Sanbornton Academy

**Woodman Sanbornton Academy** was a coeducational boarding school in Sanbornton, New Hampshire, now a part of the Sanbornton Square Historic District. The site of the building was near the location of what later became the Congregational meeting house. The institution was named for Aaron Woodman and was incorporated on June 27, 1826. The first preceptor was David L. Nichols, in 1826, and the last, Albert P. Whittemore, in 1858.

The school's last term was held 1857, and thereafter, the building was left in a dilapidated condition. In 1867, the Sanbornton school district bought and repaired the building so that it could be used again as a school, the upper floor being furnished as a hall.

## Early history

The school received its name from Aaron Woodman (1790-1826), youngest son of Rev. Joseph Woodman, who, being a prosperous merchant in Boston, gave liberally for its building and endowment, but suddenly died in little more than a month after the Act of its incorporation was approved at Concord, New Hampshire, June 27, 1826. This Act was signed by Henry Hubbard and Matthew Harvey. By the provisions of the same, Hon. Nathan Taylor and Revs. Abraham Bodwell and John Crockett of Sanbornton, Rev. William Patrick of Canterbury, Jeremiah II Woodman of Rochester, Aaron Woodman of Boston, Drs. Benaiah Sanborn and Thomas P. Hill, Jonathan Moore, Abel Kimball, Jesse Ingalls, and Peter Hersey, all of Sanbornton, were made a body politic by the name of the "Trustees of the Woodman Sanbornton Academy". They were allowed to hold real estate, with an annual income of not over US$500, and personal estate not exceeding US$10,000; were to elect their own officers and fill vacancies in their Board.

The academy was established at Sanbornton, where a building for that purpose already stood. This building had been raised and mostly completed the year before (1825), land having been leased for that purpose by Dr. Sanborn, extending south to within 6 feet (1.8 m) or 8 feet (2.4 m) of a Congregational meeting house. David Lane was remembered to have stood upon the topmost timbers of the cupola, nailing on the caps, while his friend Charles Lane was worried for Lane's safety on the ground below. David L. Nichols had evidently been teacher prior to the meeting of the trustees, August 10, 1826, as a committee was then chosen to get Mr. Nichols's terms for continuing the school. He promised to do so nine months from that date, himself furnishing needful assistants, receiving all the tuition and the interest on the funds for one year, while the trustees were to furnish fuel during the inclement season. The Constitution and By-Laws were presented at a meeting held in Abel Kimball's inn (late Boutwell House), Sept. 15, 1826, providing that:—

> "No person shall be employed as teacher who is not a professor of religion, of exemplary manners, good natural abilities, and literary and scientific acquirements; of good acquaintance with human nature, and of a natural aptitude for instruction and government, without preference of kindred or friends, place of birth, education, or residence." It was made obligatory on the teachers "to open and close the school with prayer; have some portion of the sacred Scriptures read each day by the pupils; also to regulate the tempers, enlarge the minds, and form the morals of the youth committed to their charge; also, to look after the health of the scholars, and urge the importance of habits of industry and application. . . . The teachers must also inculcate the fundamental principles of the Christian religion, and the great and important Christian doctrines \[which are stated at some length in the Constitution\], as found in the creeds of the evangelical churches.” The By-Laws were some of them strict in their nature, the "students not being allowed to indulge in profane swearing, any species of gambling, or intemperance, and being forbidden to associate with any persons of bad morals, or to frequent grog-shops or taverns." Article 8 reads, "Each student shall attend public worship on every Sabbath, or give a satisfactory excuse for not attending"; and Article 12, "No scholar shall be allowed to attend a dancing school while a member of the Academy" \[though this was afterwards modified in its form, referring only to "minors, without consent of their parents"\].

The academy building was painted in 1829, at an expense of US$35. Available funds of the institution, November 1830, reported at US$802, and then being slowly increased by annuities paid by the trustees and others, usually US$3 each, - none being more constant in such payments than Rev. Mr. Crockett. The bell, still heard in 1881 from the Congregational meeting-house, was procured in 1830, succeeding a smaller one, of 200 pounds weight, previously used, Holbrook's "apparatus", purchased in 1831 for US$10. At a special meeting of the trustees in 1835, it was voted to "take immediate measures to build a female seminary"; but not executed. Anonymous letters, received by Josiah Webster, keeper of the boarding-house, 1840, were at last fastened upon two of the students, and resulted in their suspension.

## Annual meetings

At the second annual meeting, November 1, 1826, Hon. Nathan Taylor was elected president; Dr. B. Sanborn, vice-president; Rev A. Bodwell, clerk. At nearly all the following nineteen annual meetings, the Constitution and By-Laws were read. The meetings were held at Mr. Bodwell's, 1828; Daniel Sanborn's inn, 1831; Joseph Lane's inn, 1835; Hon. Nathan Taylor's, 1836.

Parker Noyes, Esq., of Salisbury, was elected trustee, 1826, in place of Aaron Woodman, deceased. Charles Gilman, Esq. (lawyer in Sanbornton), in place of Abel Kimball, 1828. Charles Lane, vice Parker Noyes, 1830; Joseph Woodman, Esq. vice Jeremiah Woodman, Esq, 1833; Thomas R. Greenleaf, Esq., vice Charles Gilman, Esq., 1834; Capt. Chase Perkins and Eliphalet Ordway elected 1835; Daniel Sanborn (rice his father, Dr. B. Sanborn), and George W. Crockett of Boston, elected 1836; Dr. E. K. Webster, of Hill, elected 1839; Bartlett Hill, Esq., Bracket L. Johnston, and Simeon Sanborn, all of Sanbornton, in 1840. At the twelfth annual meeting, 1836, Hon. Nathan Taylor resigned the office of president, receiving a vote of thanks, and Rev. William Patrick was chosen president in his place, and Capt. C. other officers. Perkins vice-president. Capt. Perkins, president, 1838; Col. Daniel Sanborn, president, 1839; Rev. William Patrick re-elected, 1840–43, and Rev. A. Bodwell chosen secretary for the nineteenth time, Nov. 1, 1843: from which date, though the meeting stood adjourned to the first Wednesday of November, 1844. No further records were found.

## Later years

The Catalogue for the year ending November 24, 1840, was, for those times, a creditable pamphlet of 18 pages, printed in Sanbornton, by J. C. Wilson. Total number of students, 180; male department, 109; female department, 71. Thirty-eight of the number - ten girls — had attended to Latin or Greek, or both; four (girls) had studied the French language; and one (girl) the Italian language. The executive committee of the trustees announced their prospects for the coming year, winter term to commence Wednesday, December 2, with undiminished confidence in their preceptor, Dyer H. Sanborn, A. M.. The success of the institution, since it had been under his charge, surpassed their highest expectations. The boarding-house was about to come under the care of Mr. Noah G. Smith, who was highly recommended for that position. The price of board was to be eight shillings a week, including washing, and exclusive of wood and lights; with tuition, US$3.50 a quarter. The two literary societies, titled the "Literary Panoplean", and the "Mercurean Loquendi", were also commended. The *Analytical Grammar*, prepared by the principal, having already passed through three editions, was favored with a long advertising card.

## Final disposal of the building

But with the decay of the "Square", the academy gradually diminished in patronage and efficiency. Its limited funds soon became exhausted in the support of the school and the outlay for the boarding-house. The last academy term was in 1857. In 1865, the building had been left in quite a forlorn condition, no one apparently interested in its welfare, clapboards loose; glass broken; occasionally used for dancing. But early in 1867, the school district at the Square obtained the control of the building, for a nominal sum, from the few remaining shareholders then living or accessible, repaired the whole outside, and converted the lower story into a commodious school-room, which was first occupied by a dedicatory religious meeting, Sabbath evening, May 19, the first district school commencing under Miss Sarah Taylor the following day. The upper room, being finished and furnished with settees by a subscription of the citizens, became a public hall for the parish and townspeople generally, the ladies of the Congregational society having prior claim to its occasional use for their social gatherings, by virtue of a small rent paid to the district. The cupola was repaired and painted in 1879 by a subscription raised chiefly among the citizens of the neighborhood.

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

| Woodman Sanbornton Academy | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Sanbornton Square Historic District, Sanbornton, New Hampshire, U.S. | |
| Information | |
| Type | boarding school |
| Established | 1826 |
| Founder | Aaron Woodman |
| Closed | 1857 |
| Authority | Board of Trustees |
| Gender | coeducational |


title: Philippe Henry

abstract: Philippe Henry is a Belgian politician.

text:
# Philippe Henry

**Philippe Henry** (born 23 April 1971) is a Belgian politician.

## Biography

Henry was born in Charleroi. He attended University of Liège, becoming the president of the student council, served as student delegate from the University of Liège and the head of Federation of Francophone students in 1994–1995.

In 1995, he graduated with a degree in civil engineering. He finished a master's degree in management in 1997. He worked as a researcher from 1995 to 1999.

He joined the Ecolo party in 1999 and was elected a regional and community member of parliament in 1999 and stayed until 2004.

He served as town councilor in Sprimont and Political Director of Ecolo.

On 16 July 2009, he became the Walloon Minister for the Environment, Spatial Planning, mobility, transportation, and brownfield sites within the Walloon Government under the second term of Minister-President Rudy Demotte. Since 2014, Henry also serves as a Senator.


title: Philip S. Davidson

abstract: Philip Scot Davidson is a retired four-star admiral in the United States Navy who last served as the 25th commander of United States Indo-Pacific Command from May 30, 2018 to April 30, 2021. He previously served as the commander of United States Fleet Forces Command and United States Naval Forces Northern Command from 2014 to 2018. Davidson is from St. Louis, Missouri, and is a 1982 graduate of the United States Naval Academy. He retired from the U.S. Navy effective May 1, 2021. On April 24, 2018, the Senate Armed Services Committee confirmed Davidson to succeed Admiral Harry B. Harris Jr. as the commander of United States Pacific Command. The change of command ceremony happened on May 30, 2018. On that same day, United States Pacific Command was renamed to United States Indo-Pacific Command. When Admiral Kurt W. Tidd retired, Davidson received the title of "Old Salt", conferred upon the longest-serving surface warfare officer in the U.S. Navy. Davidson relinquished the title to Admiral Christopher W. Grady upon his retirement.

text:
# Philip S. Davidson

**Philip Scot Davidson** (born August 24, 1960) is a retired four-star admiral in the United States Navy who last served as the 25th commander of United States Indo-Pacific Command from May 30, 2018 to April 30, 2021. He previously served as the commander of United States Fleet Forces Command and United States Naval Forces Northern Command from 2014 to 2018. Davidson is from St. Louis, Missouri, and is a 1982 graduate of the United States Naval Academy. He retired from the U.S. Navy effective May 1, 2021.

On April 24, 2018, the Senate Armed Services Committee confirmed Davidson to succeed Admiral Harry B. Harris Jr. as the commander of United States Pacific Command. The change of command ceremony happened on May 30, 2018. On that same day, United States Pacific Command was renamed to United States Indo-Pacific Command. When Admiral Kurt W. Tidd retired, Davidson received the title of "Old Salt", conferred upon the longest-serving surface warfare officer in the U.S. Navy. Davidson relinquished the title to Admiral Christopher W. Grady upon his retirement.

A surface warfare officer, Davidson has deployed across the globe in frigates, destroyers, cruisers, and aircraft carriers. Davidson's previous command assignments include Carrier Strike Group 8 (*Eisenhower* Carrier Strike Group), USS *Gettysburg*, and USS *Taylor*. He also served as the commander of United States Sixth Fleet and the commander of Naval Striking and Support Forces NATO, while simultaneously serving as the deputy commander of United States Naval Forces Europe – Naval Forces Africa.

Ashore, Davidson has served in fleet, interagency, and joint tours as a flag officer; he was previously the director of maritime operations at United States Fleet Forces Command, the senior military advisor to the special representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan (SRAP) at the State Department, and the deputy director for strategy and policy in the J-5 directorate of the Joint Staff. He served earlier in his career in policy, strategy, and operations billets on multiple tours with the U.S. Pacific Fleet staff, the Navy staff, and the Joint Staff, and as the Navy’s military aide to the Vice President of the United States.

Davidson is a distinguished graduate of the United States Naval War College. He has a Master of Arts in national security and strategic studies and a Bachelor of Science in physics.

## Role in the USS *Roosevelt* coronavirus outbreak

On March 5, 2020, Davidson ordered the aircraft carrier USS *Theodore Roosevelt* to conduct its long-scheduled visit to Da Nang, Vietnam. The port call was politically important, to show United States military strength in a region increasingly unnerved by Beijing's growing territorial claims in the South China Sea. However, nearly three weeks prior, on February 14, the United States Navy had ordered all ships in the Indo-Pacific region that had made port calls to quarantine at sea for at least 14 days, the maximum incubation period for the novel coronavirus. The navy also directed the Seventh Fleet headquarters in Yokosuka, Japan to screen everyone accessing the fleet's warships and aircraft. Davidson chose to accept the risk of possible coronavirus infections, and allow the visit to proceed.

Within days of completing the port call, sailors aboard the *Roosevelt* began testing positive for the coronavirus. By April 13, nearly 600 sailors had tested positive, with one death, 4,000 sailors had been evacuated from the ship, and the ship's commander, Captain Brett Crozier, had been relieved of command.

## Awards and decorations

| Surface Warfare Officer Pin | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Defense Distinguished Service Medal | Navy Distinguished Service Medal with one gold award star | |
| Defense Superior Service Medal w/ 1 bronze oak leaf cluster | Legion of Merit w/ 1 silver award star | Meritorious Service Medal w/ 1 award star |
| Joint Service Commendation Medal | Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal w/ 2 award stars and Combat V | Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal |
| Combat Action Ribbon | Joint Meritorious Unit Award | Navy Unit Commendation |
| Navy Meritorious Unit Commendation | Coast Guard Meritorious Unit Commendation with "O" Device | Navy E Ribbon w/ 3 Battle E devices |
| Superior Honor Award Certificate | National Defense Service Medal w/ 1 bronze service star | Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal w/ 1 service star |
| Southwest Asia Service Medal w/ 2 service stars | Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal | Global War on Terrorism Service Medal |
| Navy Sea Service Deployment Ribbon w/ 6 service stars | Coast Guard Special Operations Service Ribbon | Order of the Rising Sun, 1st grade *(Japan)* |
| Order of National Security Merit, Tongil Medal *(Republic of Korea)* | Kuwait Liberation Medal (Saudi Arabia) | Kuwait Liberation Medal (Kuwait) |
| Command at Sea insignia | | |
| United States Indo-Pacific Command Badge | | |
| Vice Presidential Service Badge | | |

## InfoBox

| Philip S. Davidson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1960-08-24) August 24, 1960
Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/branch | United States Navy |
| Years of service | 1982–2021 |
| Rank | Admiral |
| Commands | United States Indo-Pacific Command
United States Fleet Forces Command
United States Sixth Fleet
Carrier Strike Group 8
USS *Gettysburg*
USS *Taylor* |
| Battles/wars | Gulf War |
| Awards | Defense Distinguished Service Medal
Navy Distinguished Service Medal (2)
Defense Superior Service Medal (2)
Legion of Merit (6) |
| Spouse(s) | Tracy Davidson |
| Relations | Lara Davidson (daughter) |


title: Philippe-Armand Martin

abstract: Philippe-Armand Martin was a French politician who was a member of the National Assembly. He represented the Marne department, and was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. Martin died on 5 November 2023, at the age of 74.

text:
# Philippe-Armand Martin

**Philippe-Armand Martin** (28 April 1949 – 5 November 2023) was a French politician who was a member of the National Assembly. He represented the Marne department, and was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. Martin died on 5 November 2023, at the age of 74.

## InfoBox

| Philippe-Armand Martin | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the National Assembly
for Marne's 3rd constituency | |
| **In office**
20 June 2012  20 June 2017 | |
| Preceded by | Jean-Claude Thomas |
| Succeeded by | Éric Girardin |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Philippe Armand Martin
(1949-04-28)28 April 1949
Cumières, France |
| Died | 5 November 2023(2023-11-05) (aged 74)
France |
| Political party | UMP |
|  | |


title: Philippines at the FIBA 3x3 World Tour

abstract: The Philippines was represented at the FIBA 3x3 World Tour Finals two times, debuting in 2014. So far the teams that represented the country are based in Metro Manila; Manila West and Manila North. Two Masters tournaments were hosted in the Philippines, both of which were hosted within Metro Manila. The country will host two Masters tournament in 2022; one in Metro Manila and another in Cebu.

text:
# Philippines at the FIBA 3x3 World Tour

The Philippines was represented at the FIBA 3x3 World Tour Finals two times, debuting in 2014. So far the teams that represented the country are based in Metro Manila; Manila West and Manila North.

Two Masters tournaments (in 2014 and 2015) were hosted in the Philippines, both of which were hosted within Metro Manila.

The country will host two Masters tournament in 2022; one in Metro Manila and another in Cebu.

## Teams

The Philippines had two teams in the mid-2010s, Manila West and Manila North which appeared in the 2014 and 2015 World Tour Finals. No other team to qualified for the World Tour Finals.

Chooks-to-Go would enter the scene and sent multiple teams under its name in the 3x3 pro-circuit.

Two PBA 3x3 teams has also played in the 3x3 pro-circuit namely: TNT Triple Giga (Pasig) and Wilcon Depot (later became Lubao MCFASolver Tech Centrale)

## FIBA 3x3 World Tour

### Finals rosters

| Tournament | Team | Players | Coach | Honors |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 Sendai | Manila West |  | Eric Altamirano | 1st –  Manila Masters |
| 2015 Abu Dhabi | Manila North |  |  | 2nd –  Manila Masters |

### Finals record

| Team |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
2017 |
2018 |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Manila West |  |  | 5th | DNQ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Manila North |  |  | DNQ | 6th |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Manila Chooks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | TBD |
| Balanga Chooks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DNQ |  |  |  |  |
| Cebu Chooks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DNQ |  |
| Isabela City Chooks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DNQ |  |  |  |  |
| Pasig Chooks |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DNQ |  |  |  |  |
| Pasig TNT |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | TBD |
| Lubao MCFASolver–Pampanga |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | TBD |
| Wilcon Depot 3x3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DNQ |
|

## FIBA 3x3 All-Stars

### Rosters

| Tournament | Team | Players | Coach | Honors |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 Doha | Manila |  |  |  |
|

## InfoBox

Philippines
| **FIBA 3x3 World Tour participation** | |
| --- | --- |
| Flag of the Philippines | |
| Final tournament results | |
| Appearance | 2 (2014, 2015) |
| Best | 5th (2014, Manila West) |
| Teams | 2 (Manila West, Manila North) |


title: PhoX

abstract: In automated theorem proving, PhoX is a proof assistant based on higher-order logic which is eXtensible. The user gives PhoX an initial goal and guides it through subgoals and evidence to prove that goal; internally, it constructs natural deduction trees. Each previously proven formula can become a rule for later proofs. PhoX was originally designed and implemented by Christophe Raffalli in the OCaml programming language. He has continued to lead the current development team, a joint effort of University of Savoy and University Paris VII. The primary aim of the PhoX project creating a user friendly proof checker using the type system developed by Jean-Louis Krivine at University Paris VII. It is meant to be more intuitive than other systems while remaining extensible, efficient, and expressive. Compared to other systems, the proof-building syntax is simplified and closer to natural language. Other features include GUI-driven proof construction, rendering formatted output, and proof of correctness of programs in the ML programming language. PhoX is currently used to teach logic at Savoy University. It is in an experimental but usable state. It is released under CeCILL 2.0.

text:
# PhoX

In automated theorem proving, **PhoX** is a proof assistant based on higher-order logic which is eXtensible. The user gives PhoX an initial goal and guides it through subgoals and evidence to prove that goal; internally, it constructs natural deduction trees. Each previously proven formula can become a rule for later proofs.

PhoX was originally designed and implemented by Christophe Raffalli in the OCaml programming language. He has continued to lead the current development team, a joint effort of University of Savoy and University Paris VII.

The primary aim of the PhoX project creating a user friendly proof checker using the type system developed by Jean-Louis Krivine at University Paris VII. It is meant to be more intuitive than other systems while remaining extensible, efficient, and expressive. Compared to other systems, the proof-building syntax is simplified and closer to natural language. Other features include GUI-driven proof construction, rendering formatted output, and proof of correctness of programs in the ML programming language.

PhoX is currently used to teach logic at Savoy University. It is in an experimental but usable state. It is released under CeCILL 2.0.


title: Phreata

abstract: Phreata is a genus of moths in the subfamily Lymantriinae. The genus was erected by Francis Walker in 1865.

text:
# Phreata

***Phreata*** is a genus of moths in the subfamily Lymantriinae. The genus was erected by Francis Walker in 1865.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Phreata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Lymantriinae |
| Tribe: | Lymantriini |
| Genus: | ***Phreata***<br>Walker, 1865 |
|


title: Phreatia listeri

abstract: Phreatia listeri, commonly known as the Christmas Island caterpillar orchid, is a plant in the orchid family and is an epiphyte with four to six flat, blunt leaves in a fan-like arrangement. A large number of tiny, greenish white flowers are arranged along a thin flowering stem. It is endemic to Christmas Island.

text:
# Phreatia listeri

***Phreatia listeri***, commonly known as the **Christmas Island caterpillar orchid**, is a plant in the orchid family and is an epiphyte with four to six flat, blunt leaves in a fan-like arrangement. A large number of tiny, greenish white flowers are arranged along a thin flowering stem. It is endemic to Christmas Island.

## Description

*Phreatia listeri* is a clump-forming epiphytic herb with a short stem, thin roots and between four and six flat, blunt, dark green leaves 40–110 mm (1.6–4.3 in) long and about 2–5 mm (0.079–0.20 in) wide in a fan-like arrangement. A large number of greenish white non-resupinate flowers 1–1.5 mm (0.039–0.059 in) long and wide are arranged along a thin flowering stem 40–80 mm (1.6–3.1 in) long. The sepals and petals are about 0.8 mm (0.031 in) long and do not spread widely. The labellum is about 1 mm (0.039 in) long and wide. Flowering occurs between September and October.

## Taxonomy and naming

*Phreatia listeri* was first formally described in 1890 by Robert Allen Rolfe who published the description in the *Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany*. The specific epithet (*listeri*) honours Joseph Jackson Lister who, with John Maclear and the officers of H.M.S. *Egeria* collected the type specimen.

## Distribution and habitat

Found only on Christmas Island, the orchid is common on rainforest trees.

## InfoBox

| *Phreatia listeri* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Genus: | *Phreatia* |
| Species: | ***P. listeri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phreatia listeri***<br>Rolfe | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Plexaure listeri* (Rolfe) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones | |


title: Phrealcia steueri

abstract: Phrealcia steueri is a species of moth of the family Ypsolophidae. It is found in Xinjiang, China.

text:
# Phrealcia steueri

***Phrealcia steueri*** is a species of moth of the family Ypsolophidae. It is found in Xinjiang, China.

Data related to Phrealcia steueri at Wikispecies

## InfoBox

| *Phrealcia steueri* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Ypsolophidae |
| Genus: | *Phrealcia* |
| Species: | ***P. steueri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phrealcia steueri***<br>Mey, 2012 | |
|


title: Philypnodon

abstract: Philypnodon is a genus of fishes in the family Eleotridae endemic to Australia and the coastal waters around it.

text:
# Philypnodon

***Philypnodon*** is a genus of fishes in the family Eleotridae endemic to Australia and the coastal waters around it.

## Species

Two species in this genus are recognized, though molecular studies indicate another undescribed species similar to the dwarf flathead gudgeon from the Lang Lang River in Victoria.

## InfoBox

| *Philypnodon* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Philypnodon grandiceps* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Gobiiformes |
| Family: | Eleotridae |
| Genus: | *Philypnodon*
Bleeker, 1874 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Eleotris nudiceps*
Castelnau, 1872 | |


title: Philly's Most Wanted

abstract: Philly's Most Wanted was an American hip hop duo composed of Al "Boo-Bonic" Holly and Joel "Mr. Man" Witherspoon. The duo broke into the music business as affiliates of production duo, The Neptunes. The duo signed with Atlantic Records in 2000 and issued their first two singles, "Y'all Can't Never Hurt Us" and "Cross the Border" soon after. The latter song peaked at #98 on the Billboard Hot 100 and 3 on the Billboard Hot Rap Singles. Their debut album, Get Down or Lay Down, however, was delayed for over a year, finally being released on August 7, 2001. Despite production from The Neptunes, the album failed commercially, only reaching No. 69 on the Billboard 200 majorly due to the fact that BET refused to support their video for Cross the Border which contributed to the end of the duo as well. After both The Neptunes and Atlantic Records severed ties with them, the duo shortened their name to Philly's Most and released a second album entitled Ring the Alarm in 2004 before disbanding shortly after.

text:
# Philly's Most Wanted

**Philly's Most Wanted** was an American hip hop duo composed of Al "Boo-Bonic" Holly and Joel "Mr. Man" Witherspoon. The duo broke into the music business as affiliates of production duo, The Neptunes.

The duo signed with Atlantic Records in 2000 and issued their first two singles, "Y'all Can't Never Hurt Us" and "Cross the Border" soon after. The latter song peaked at #98 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 and 3 on the *Billboard* Hot Rap Singles. Their debut album, *Get Down or Lay Down*, however, was delayed for over a year, finally being released on August 7, 2001. Despite production from The Neptunes, the album failed commercially, only reaching No. 69 on the *Billboard* 200 majorly due to the fact that BET refused to support their video for Cross the Border which contributed to the end of the duo as well.

After both The Neptunes and Atlantic Records severed ties with them, the duo shortened their name to **Philly's Most** and released a second album entitled *Ring the Alarm* in 2004 before disbanding shortly after.

## Discography

### Albums

| Year | Album | Peak chart positions | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | U.S. | U.S. R&B |
| 2001 | ***Get Down or Lay Down**** Released: August 7, 2001 * Label: Atlantic | 69 | 20 |
| 2004 | ***Ring the Alarm*** |  | 70 |

### Singles

| Year | Single | Chart positions | | | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | U.S. Hot 100 | U.S. R&B | U.S. Rap | |
| 2000 | "Cross the Border" | 98 | 50 | 3 | *Get Down or Lay Down* |
| | "Y'all Can't Never Hurt Us" |  |  | 13 | |
| 2001 | "Please Don't Mind" |  | 48 | 10 | |

## InfoBox

| Philly's Most Wanted | |
| --- | --- |
| Also known as | Philly's Most |
| Origin | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States |
| Genres | Hip-Hop |
| Years active | 1999–2004 |
| Labels | Atlantic, Universal |
|  | |
| Members | Boo-Bonic aka Bonic<br>Mr. Man |


title: Phloeomys

abstract: Phloeomys, the slender-tailed cloud rats, is a genus of large rodents in the family Muridae. Both species in this genus are endemic to the island of Luzon in the Philippines. Although their tail is covered by hairs, it is considerably less dense and shorter than in the rarer bushy-tailed cloud rats that also inhabit the Philippines.

text:
# Phloeomys

***Phloeomys***, the **slender-tailed cloud rats**, is a genus of large rodents in the family Muridae. Both species in this genus are endemic to the island of Luzon in the Philippines. Although their tail is covered by hairs, it is considerably less dense and shorter than in the rarer bushy-tailed cloud rats (genus *Crateromys*) that also inhabit the Philippines.

## Species

*Phloeomys* contains two species, but the taxonomic limits between them are not fully resolved.

## InfoBox

| *Phloeomys*
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Northern Luzon giant cloud rat (*Phloeomys pallidus*) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Family: | Muridae |
| Tribe: | Phloeomyini |
| Genus: | *Phloeomys*
Waterhouse, 1839 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Mus (Phloeomys) cumingi*
 | |
| Species | |
| *Phloeomys cumingi*
*Phloeomys pallidus* | |


title: Photo-Finish

abstract: Photo-Finish is the seventh studio album and ninth album overall by Irish musician Rory Gallagher, released in 1978. It marked a turning point in Gallagher's career. Most of the songs on Photo-Finish were initially recorded on what was to be an earlier album, but Gallagher was unhappy with the recordings. He fired the drummer and keyboardist from his current band and replaced only the drummer changing the band to a power trio as his original bands had been.

text:
# Photo-Finish

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Uncut* | 7/10 |

***Photo-Finish*** is the seventh studio album and ninth album overall by Irish musician Rory Gallagher, released in 1978. It marked a turning point in Gallagher's career. Most of the songs on *Photo-Finish* were initially recorded on what was to be an earlier album, but Gallagher was unhappy with the recordings. He fired the drummer and keyboardist from his current band and replaced only the drummer changing the band to a power trio as his original bands had been.

## Background

The album name reflects the fact that the finished product was delivered to the record company just at the deadline. The album came after a two-year period without an album release, due to Gallagher's decision to scrap the earlier version of the album and the need to recover from an accident to his thumb. Gallagher originally recorded many of the songs that would end up on *Photo-Finish* in San Francisco. Rather than producing the album himself as he usually did he worked with Elliot Mazer, a successful producer who had previously produced hits for Neil Young. At the last minute — the initial copies of the album had been pressed— Gallagher decided to simply scrap the Mazer-produced album. In an interview Gallagher stated:

> "it wasn't because of the material or the musicians or anything like that. It was a song thing that I didn't think on the technical side everything worked. So I scrapped the thing"

Immediately after scrapping the album Gallagher injured his thumb — catching it in the door of a cab. He left San Francisco and went to a studio in Germany to rework the album. He also reworked his band changing drummers and dropping the keyboardist to return to the power trio format of Taste and his original solo band. *Photo-Finish* is the result of those German studio sessions. The original versions of the songs as recorded with the group including a keyboardist were posthumously released as disc one of the album *Notes from San Francisco*.

One song from the album that Gallagher would often perform live was "The Last of the Independents". Like other Gallagher songs (e.g. "Philby" and "Continental Op") the song was inspired by Gallagher's love of hardboiled fiction and film noir. When an interviewer asked him "What about “The Last of the Independents” in some ways it talks about yourself. Did you have that in mind when you wrote that song?" Gallagher replied:

> "No, but some people have said that to me. They thought that I was the last of a particular group of people, or I was independent or something. Maybe I am a bit, but I doubt that. The song actually came about when I had the title and then wrote the song. Half way through it I realized that I had read the review of the picture Charley Varrick with Walter Matthau. Did you see that? The old-time crook who turned over the bank. And basically that's the story. The Charley Varrick movie was subtitled “The Last of the Independents.” I loved the story, but I never saw the movie. Not having seen the picture, I can only guess what it was about. But the story is a bit like another picture Joseph Losey made with Stanley Baker, *The Criminal*. It's about a guy who is the only one who knows where the money is stashed X years ago, who does his time in jail and gets out, and they are all ghosting after him trying to find it. The song is about what the guy is doing. They are after him on a jumbo jet. He gets out on a laundry chute in Chicago. It is just a comic gangster-type song that has a good Bo Diddley sound to it.”

## Recording

In contrast to the experience working with Mazer in San Francisco, Gallagher enjoyed working at the German studio: "the studio was perfect. It was 13 kilometers from Cologne. So you were close to a big city if you wanted to be near one. The studio was also 24-track. We brought over an Irish engineer who was working in London who had previously done *Venus and Mars* (Paul McCartney) and *Let It Bleed* (Rolling Stones), and a lot of Kinks records."

## Track listing

All tracks composed by Rory Gallagher.

**Side one**

1. "Shin Kicker" – 4:01
2. "Brute Force & Ignorance" – 4:15
3. "Cruise On Out" – 4:41
4. "Cloak & Dagger" – 5:19
5. "Overnight Bag" – 4:50

**Side two**

1. "Shadow Play" – 4:43
2. "The Mississippi Sheiks" – 5:59
3. "The Last of the Independents" – 3:57
4. "Fuel to the Fire" – 6:20

**CD bonus track**

1. "Early Warning" (bonus track) – 2:49
2. "Juke Box Annie" (bonus track) – 3:17

## Personnel

Technical * Dónal Gallagher – album coordination
* Gary Heery – cover photography
* Danny Clifford – inner sleeve photography, tour programme

## InfoBox

| Photo-Finish | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Rory Gallagher | |
| Released | 13 October 1978 |
| Recorded | July – August 1978 |
| Studio | Dierks Studios, Cologne, Germany |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 44:14 |
| Label | Chrysalis |
| Producer | Rory Gallagher, Alan O'Duffy |
| Rory Gallagher chronology | |
| *Calling Card*
(1976) ***Photo-Finish***
(1978) *Top Priority*
(1979) | |


abstract: Photo-Induced Cross-Linking of Unmodified Proteins (PICUP) is a protein cross-linking method by visible light irradiation of a photocatalyst in the presence of an electron acceptor and the protein of interest. Irradiation results in a highly reactive protein radical that forms a covalent bond between the amino acid side chains of the proteins to be linked. Cross-linking methods developed prior to PICUP, including the use of physical, oxidative, and chemical cross-linkers, often require more time and result in protein byproducts. In addition, the cross-linked protein yield is very low due to the multifunctionality of the cross-linking reagents. The process was invented (US6613582B1) in 1999 to utilize protein cross-linking techniques to analyze the interactions between polypeptides as well as structural differences proteins undergo in a catalytic pathway. The techniques in the 20th century were not sufficient to be applied to cross-link fast and transient changes of these proteins in high yield. PICUP allowed for rapid and high production of covalently-linked proteins in close proximity with each other.

text:
# Photo-induced cross-linking of unmodified proteins

**Photo-Induced Cross-Linking of Unmodified Proteins (PICUP)** is a protein cross-linking method by visible light irradiation of a photocatalyst in the presence of an electron acceptor and the protein of interest. Irradiation results in a highly reactive protein radical that forms a covalent bond between the amino acid side chains of the proteins to be linked. Cross-linking methods developed prior to PICUP, including the use of physical, oxidative, and chemical cross-linkers, often require more time and result in protein byproducts. In addition, the cross-linked protein yield is very low due to the multifunctionality of the cross-linking reagents.

The process was invented (US6613582B1) in 1999 to utilize protein cross-linking techniques to analyze the interactions between polypeptides as well as structural differences proteins undergo in a catalytic pathway. The techniques in the 20th century were not sufficient to be applied to cross-link fast and transient changes of these proteins in high yield. PICUP allowed for rapid (\<1 second) and high production of covalently-linked proteins in close proximity with each other.

## History

### Fancy and Kodadek

Fancy and Kodadek's invention of PICUP in 1999 was the first time proteins cross-linking was able to be performed in such a short period of time (1 second) and without modifying the structure of the proteins in question. Additionally, PICUP was able to be performed at physiological pH of 7.4, which opened doors for further application of protein cross-linking such as studying the biochemical mechanisms that proteins participate in the human body. In addition, irradiation by visible light in PICUP is useful because many biomolecules that participate in metabolic pathways to be analyzed do no absorb light with wavelengths below the range for UV light, allowing for cross-links without denaturation.

### Bitan, Lomakin, and Teplow

In 2001, Gal Bitan, Aleksey Lomakin, and David B. Teplow applied PICUP to study amyloid β-protein (Aβ) oligomerization, which is observed in Alzheimer's disease. PICUP allowed for identifying and quantifying the Aβ oligomers that are metastable because of its ability to rapidly cross-link. Coupling PICUP with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the distribution of oligomers in rapid equilibrium was quantified. This application allowed for the study of amyloidogenic proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases and opened doors for possible future therapeutic mechanisms. Neurodegenerative diseases are currently suggested to be the result of neurotoxic proteins, so the ability to study their oligomer distribution is effective in understanding how and under what conditions these oligomers are formed.

## Mechanism

The mechanism of PICUP require the tris(bipyridyl)Ru(II) complex, an electron acceptor, ammonium persulfate (APS), and reactive amino acid side chains. Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)dichlororuthenium(II) hexahydrate, a tris(bipyridyl)Ru(II) complex, initially contains a Ru2+. Upon visible light irradiation and in the presence of ammonium persulfate (APS), Ru2+ enters its excited state and is oxidized to Ru3+. Ru3+ is now an extremely reactive oxidizer that only wants to accept one electron instead of the standard two. The reaction can proceed in the absence of an electron acceptor, but it will have a much lower efficiency, producing byproducts resulting from the excited Ru(Bpy)3 reacting with oxygen. As an effective single electron oxidizer, Ru3+ will pick up a single electron from amino acids of the neighboring proteins, most commonly Tryptophan and Tyrosine. This produces a radical that is highly unstable on the amino acid side chains, which proceeds through reactions to reach a more stable state.

The unpaired single electron on the side chain reacts with another amino acid side chain of a polypeptide in the vicinity, resulting in a dimer with a covalent bond. With the regeneration of Ru2+ when Ru3+ picks up an electron from the amino acids allows for continuous formation of radicals with Ru3+ being oxidized by APS.

In the PCR tube that the reaction takes place in, numerous unstable protein radicals come in contact with each other through simple diffusion and react both intra- and intermolecularly to achieve a more stable state. The monomeric protein radicals are able to achieve a lower energy state through forming a covalent bond to produce a dimer and releasing a hydrogen atom. PLEASE NOTE: The image mistakenly shows the release of a proton and should not be used in this form (See also ref. 4). The creator has been contacted. This newly formed dimer is also able to react with numerous other monomers or dimers through the same mechanism, creating higher numbers of cross-linked oligomers. This allows for a distribution of variety of oligomers to be present in the mixture.

## Method

In every experiment, it is important to determine the relative concentration of the protein in question, ammonium persulfate, and Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)dichlororuthenium(II) hexahydrate that will be used in the protein cross-linking experiment. Previous experiments have shown that for amyloid β-protein (Aβ), the peptide assumed to cause toxicity in Alzheimer's disease, the ratio of protein: Ru(Bpy)3: APS is 1:2:40. The ratio of Ru(Bpy)3 and APS is suggested to be kept at this ratio, but the appropriate concentration of a given protein can vary. For many proteins that PICUP has not yet been used for, finding the appropriate concentrations can be done through trial and error. Generally, protein concentrations would fall in between 10 and 50μM, dissolved in the corresponding buffer, most likely sodium phosphate if testing for conditions at physiological pH. However, some studies of pure protein suggest that the protein to Ru(Bpy)3 ratio should be kept at 1:2 as well. This level arises from the fact that the lower amount of Ru(Bpy)3 can lead to the protein sample appearing to have more than the actual number of higher order oligomers, and a greater amount of Ru(Bpy)3 can allow for artificial cross-linking byproducts.

The general method for PICUP is as follows:

1. The appropriate amount of the protein is pipetted into the polymerase chain reaction tube (PCR).
2. Ammonium persulfate (APS) and Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)dichlororuthenium(II) hexahydrate are added to the sample and mixed briefly.
3. The PCR tube is placed in a glass vial to hold it still inside the bellows of the camera that would irradiate the mixture. Upon closing the lid that covers the camera, pressing down the camera shutter illuminates the tube for however long you program the camera to irradiate for. Using the same camera for every replicate of the experiment ensures that the irradiation time and the distance from the light sourced is controlled for every PICUP experiment.
4. After the sample in the PCR tube is irradiated, a calculated amount of 1M Dithiothreitol (DTT) is immediately added to the mixture to quench the reaction. If the reaction is not quenched, the oligomers will continually aggregate and lower order oligomers will not be present in the mixture. In addition, if SDS-PAGE is to be used to analyze the oligomer distribution of the proteins after PICUP, DTT would also act as a denaturing agent to the proteins before gel electrophoresis.

## Applications

Using PICUP on protein complexes is useful in providing catalytic and kinetic information about these proteins, as catalytic mechanisms are rapid and PICUP allows for fast and highly efficient cross-linking of proteins. Some epitope and affinity tags were shown to be unaffected by the PICUP reaction, enabling visualization of the cross-linked proteins.

Furthermore, PICUP allows for visualization of quantitative bands of protein oligomer distribution when it is coupled with protein fractionation techniques. This combination is especially useful when examining the oligomers of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, that result from protein aggregation. PICUP is extremely important when possible prevention and treatment procedures for these diseases are explored, as it is necessary to investigate the aggregation propensity of the respective amyloidogenic proteins.


title: Phillips (auctioneers)

abstract: Phillips, formerly known as Phillips the Auctioneers and briefly as Phillips de Pury, is a British auction house. It was founded in London in 1796, and has head offices in London and in New York City. In 2022 it was owned by the Mercury Group, a Russian luxury goods company.

text:
# Phillips (auctioneers)

**Phillips**, formerly known as **Phillips the Auctioneers** and briefly as **Phillips de Pury**, is a British auction house. It was founded in London in 1796, and has head offices in London and in New York City. In 2022 it was owned by the Mercury Group, a Russian luxury goods company.

## History

Phillips was founded in 1796 by Harry Phillips, who had been a clerk to James Christie. The business held twelve auctions in its first year and soon became successful. Napoleon and Beau Brummel were among the early patrons. Harry Phillips died in 1840, and the business passed to his son William Augustus, who renamed it **Phillips & Son**; when his son-in-law Frederick Neale joined in 1882, the company became **Phillips, Son & Neale**. It was renamed Phillips in the 1970s; it was usually referred to as Phillips, the Auctioneers. In 1998, the company bought Selkirk, then a 168-year-old St. Louis auction house.

In 1999 a majority stake in the company was sold to venture capitalists 3i, who resold it shortly after for a considerable profit. The company was bought in 1999 by Bernard Arnault of LVMH Moët Hennessy – Louis Vuitton. After a series of disastrous sales and extremely heavy losses, the UK operations were sold to Bonhams in 2001 and merged into that company. Most of the rump of the business was closed; some smaller departments were acquired by Simon de Pury and Daniella Luxembourg, who traded under the name Phillips de Pury & Company. In 2002 Simon de Pury acquired majority control of the firm.

On 6 October 2008, the company was purchased by the Russian Mercury Group, which paid approximately $60 million for it. De Pury sold his remaining shares to Mercury in late 2012, and left the company. The name was changed back to Phillips.

In December 2018 the company signed a contract for retail space at 432 Park Avenue including the Park Avenue Cube beside the tower, with approximately 5000 m2 (55000 sq ft) at the base of the tower and a further 3000 m2 (30000 sq ft) underground.

## InfoBox

Phillips
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | auctioneering |
| Founded | 1796 (1796) |
| Founder | Harry Phillips |
| Headquarters | London, United Kingdom |
| Key people |  |
| Parent | Mercury Group |
| Website | phillips.com |


title: Phillips-Williams Fork Reservoir Site

abstract: The Phillips-Williams Fork Reservoir site (5GA1955) is a Paleoindian site located on the shore of the Williams Fork Reservoir, about 20 kilometers (12 mi) southeast of Kremmling at an elevation of 2400 m (7874 ft.) in Grand County, Colorado, near the center of Middle Park. Projectile points were found on the site from the James Allen complex and Goshen / Plainview.

text:
# Phillips-Williams Fork Reservoir Site

The **Phillips-Williams Fork Reservoir site** (5GA1955) is a Paleoindian site located on the shore of the Williams Fork Reservoir, about 20 kilometers (12 mi) southeast of Kremmling at an elevation of 2400 m (7874 ft.) in Grand County, Colorado, near the center of Middle Park.

Projectile points were found on the site from the James Allen complex (generally 9350 – 7900 before present) and Goshen / Plainview (generally 11,000 before present).

## Geography

The Phillips-William site sits on a terrace between the Colorado River and the Williams Fork Tributary. The area surrounding the intersection of these two drainages maintains a relatively flat slope for 5–10 miles in every direction until the terraces intersect the Front Range to the east, the Rabbit Ears Range to the North and the Gore Range to the southwest.

## History

### Discovery

The Phillips-Williams Fork Reservoir Site was discovered and collected over a five-year period by Ralph and Ruth Phillips, husband and wife. No excavations have been conducted at the site and all specimens are reported as being recovered during surface collection.

### Artifacts

The Phillips-Williams Fork Reservoir site assemblage is dominated by James Allen projectile points although two specimens resembling the Goshen/Plainview type were also recovered. Despite the presence of parallel-oblique flaking, some of the points reflect morphological variability that does not allow a quick assignment to the James Allen category. Wiesend and Frison (1998:19) refer to these points as falling within the “grey area” of the James Allen type classification. Despite variations among the 30 specimens, metric analyses showed that the specimens were indeed of the James Allen and Goshen/Plainview types.

The single publication on the Phillips-Williams Fork Reservoir site assemblage reports 28 projectile points of the James Allen variety and 2 projectile points of the Goshen/Plainview variety. Currently, there is no information about other recovered tool forms or debitage from the site.

Relative dates for both categories have been established using radiocarbon dates from sites with similar assemblages from Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas, Montana, and elsewhere. These dates are 9350 – 7900 radiocarbon years for Jimmy Allen (Pitblado 2003) and 11,000 radiocarbon years for Goshen/Plainview (Frison 1991).

No faunal remains have been reported for this site.

### Historical significance

The Phillips-Williams Fork Reservoir site provides archaeologists with the opportunity to assess the extent to which James Allen (and perhaps earlier) groups were utilizing mountain settings during the early Holocene period. When compared to other, similar sites in Colorado, the frequency of points in the Phillips-Williams Fork Reservoir site assemblage is most similar to assemblages from large, communal bison kills in the eastern portions of the state. The absence of evidence for a bison (or other species) kill site and the low occurrence of impact fractures (a common result of point use in hunting) on points raises questions about the nature of the collection. The presence of bend breaks (breaks causing during manufacture) indicates the site may have acted as some sort of temporary camp. The additional presence of Goshen/Plainview points at the Phillips-Williams Fork Reservoir is important as it indicates that the site was either multi-component, that individuals were finding and reusing older projectile points, or that the Goshen/Plainview form may have continued or been adopted by flintknappers of later periods.

* Wiesend, Christiane M., and George C. Frison. 1998. "Parallel-Obliquely Flaked Projectile Points from the Phillips-Williams Fork Reservoir Site (5GA1955) in Middle Park, Colorado". *Southwestern Lore* 64(1):8-21.
* Frison, G.C. 1991. *Prehistoric Hunters of the High Plains*, 2nd Edition. Academic Press, New York.
* Pitblado, B.L. 2003. *Late Paleoindian Occupation of the Southern Rocky Mountains: Early Holocene Projectile Points and Land Use in the High Country*. University Press of Colorado, Boulder.


title: Phyllotreta nemorum

abstract: Phyllotreta nemorum, the turnip flea beetle or yellow-striped flea beetle is a species of beetle in family Chrysomelidae. The beetle is 2.4-3.5 mm long and black with sinuate yellow bands running down its elytra. It is found in the Palearctic. The beetle feeds on various wild and cultivated Brassicaceae, and also on mignonettes and brooklime. Adults consume leaves while larvae are leaf-miners. They are themselves preyed on by swifts and parasitised by braconid and eulophid wasps.

text:
# Phyllotreta nemorum

***Phyllotreta nemorum***, the **turnip flea beetle** or **yellow-striped flea beetle** is a species of beetle in family Chrysomelidae. The beetle is 2.4-3.5 mm long and black with sinuate yellow bands running down its elytra. It is found in the Palearctic.

The beetle feeds on various wild and cultivated Brassicaceae, and also on mignonettes (*Reseda* spp.) and brooklime (*Veronica beccabunga*). Adults consume leaves while larvae are leaf-miners. They are themselves preyed on by swifts (*Apus apus*) and parasitised by braconid and eulophid wasps.

## InfoBox

| *Phyllotreta nemorum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Phyllotreta nemorum* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Chrysomelidae |
| Genus: | *Phyllotreta* |
| Species: | ***P. nemorum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phyllotreta nemorum***<br>(Linnaeus, 1758) | |
|


title: Phyllotreta chalybeipennis

abstract: Phyllotreta chalybeipennis is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in the Caribbean Sea and North America. Larvae are leaf miners of Cakile edentula, and adults feed on leaves of the same host.

text:
# Phyllotreta chalybeipennis

***Phyllotreta chalybeipennis*** is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in the Caribbean Sea and North America. Larvae are leaf miners of *Cakile edentula*, and adults feed on leaves of the same host.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Phyllotreta chalybeipennis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Chrysomelidae |
| Tribe: | Alticini |
| Genus: | *Phyllotreta* |
| Species: | ***P. chalybeipennis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phyllotreta chalybeipennis***<br>(Crotch, 1873) | |
|


title: Phoenix, New York

abstract: Phoenix is a village in Oswego County, New York, United States. The population was 2,382 at the 2010 census. The name is derived from Alexander Phoenix. The village of Phoenix lies in the Lake Ontario lake-effect snow belt, with seasonal snow totals regularly exceeding 200 in (510 cm). Phoenix lies in the southwest part of the town of Schroeppel.

text:
# Phoenix, New York

**Phoenix** is a village in Oswego County, New York, United States. The population was 2,382 at the 2010 census. The name is derived from Alexander Phoenix. The village of Phoenix lies in the Lake Ontario lake-effect snow belt, with seasonal snow totals regularly exceeding 200 in (510 cm). Phoenix lies in the southwest part of the town of Schroeppel.

## History

The village was incorporated in 1848.

At around 11:00 pm on September 23, 1916, Phoenix was nearly completely devastated by a fire that destroyed most of the business district, killing 1 person. The fire knocked out use of the fire fighting pumps that the village relied on. The fire lasted until early morning of the 24th.

Oswego Canal Lock 1 is located beside Culvert Street, off Main Street (County Road 57). It was built around 1911, and has a lift of 10.2 ft (3.11 m) to the south. Just north of the canal lock is a heel trunnion single-leaf bascule bridge carrying Culvert Street which raises up when the downstream gates of the lock are opened in order to provide adequate clearance for passing marine vessels. Built in 1986, it has a span of 67 ft (20 m). Another heel trunnion single-leaf bascule bridge is located along the canal lock, constructed in 1912, which was used to access the lockhouse and factories on Mill Island (now called Lock Island) from nearby Bridge Street. It was taken out of service when a driveway was routed to the site from Culvert Street. The bridge is currently locked in the raised position.

On April 20, 2002, around 6:50 am, many residents of Phoenix were shaken awake by a magnitude 5.2 earthquake centered near Plattsburgh, New York. No damage or injuries were reported in the area.

The Northrup-Gilbert House, St. John's Episcopal Church, and Sweet Memorial Building are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Geography

The village is on the east side of the Oswego River and the Oswego Canal. Phoenix is located at 43°13′53″N 76°17′53″W / 43.23139°N 76.29806°W / 43.23139; -76.29806 (43.231324, -76.298066). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.2 sq mi (3.1 km2), of which 1.1 sq mi (2.8 km2) is land and 0.1 sq mi (0.26 km2) (8.80%) is water.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1850 | 872 |  |  |
| 1870 | 1,418 |  |  |
| 1880 | 1,312 |  | −7.5% |
| 1890 | 1,466 |  | 11.7% |
| 1900 | 1,532 |  | 4.5% |
| 1910 | 1,642 |  | 7.2% |
| 1920 | 1,747 |  | 6.4% |
| 1930 | 1,758 |  | 0.6% |
| 1940 | 1,757 |  | −0.1% |
| 1950 | 1,917 |  | 9.1% |
| 1960 | 2,408 |  | 25.6% |
| 1970 | 2,617 |  | 8.7% |
| 1980 | 2,357 |  | −9.9% |
| 1990 | 2,435 |  | 3.3% |
| 2000 | 2,251 |  | −7.6% |
| 2010 | 2,382 |  | 5.8% |
| 2020 | 2,226 |  | −6.5% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,251 people, 959 households, and 578 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,966.2 inhabitants per square mile (759.2/km2). There were 1,041 housing units at an average density of 909.3 per square mile (351.1/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 98.22% White, 0.36% African American, 0.53% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 0.13% from other races, and 0.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.98% of the population.

There were 959 households, out of which 33.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.7% were married couples living together, 17.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.7% were non-families. 33.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 27.2% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.5 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $30,199, and the median income for a family was $36,442. Males had a median income of $29,542 versus $22,412 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,434. About 9.6% of families and 13.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.0% of those under age 18 and 11.2% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable person

Thaddeus C. Sweet, New York State Representative

Phoenix is the town where the main character in the fictional book "Letters from Carrie" writes about living in a small town on the Oswego River and Canal in upstate NY in the mid1850s (author Janet D. Harder)

## InfoBox

| Phoenix, New York | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Location in Oswego County and the state of New York. | |
| Coordinates: 43°13′53″N 76°17′53″W / 43.23139°N 76.29806°W / 43.23139; -76.29806 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New York |
| County | Oswego |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.29 sq mi (3.34 km2) |
| Land | 1.17 sq mi (3.03 km2) |
| Water | 0.12 sq mi (0.31 km2) |
| Elevation | 371 ft (113 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 2,226 |
| Density | 1,900.94/sq mi (734.24/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (EST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 13135 |
| Area code | 315 |
| FIPS code | 36-57661 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0960322 |
| Website | Village Website |


title: Phoenix, Oregon

abstract: Phoenix is a city in Jackson County, Oregon, United States. The population was 4,538 at the 2010 census. Phoenix is a part of the Medford Metropolitan Statistical Area, in the Rogue Valley, and is 3 miles (5 km) southeast of Medford on Interstate 5.

text:
# Phoenix, Oregon

**Phoenix** is a city in Jackson County, Oregon, United States. The population was 4,538 at the 2010 census. Phoenix is a part of the Medford Metropolitan Statistical Area, in the Rogue Valley, and is 3 miles (5 km) southeast of Medford on Interstate 5.

## History

The area was settled in about 1850 by brothers Hiram and Samuel Colver. Samuel Colver laid out the town in 1854. Early residents included Milton Lindley, who operated a sawmill that provided timbers in 1855 for a blockhouse as well as a flouring mill owned by Sylvester M. Wait. For a time, the settlement was known locally as *Gasburg* after a talkative employee in the kitchen serving the mill hands. Wait, who was an agent for the Phoenix Insurance Company of Hartford, Connecticut, assigned the official name, *Phoenix*, to the community and, in 1857, to its post office. Waitsburg, Washington, was later named after Wait.

### 2020 fire

On September 8, 2020, much of Phoenix, along with neighboring Talent and parts of Medford and Ashland, were destroyed by the Almeda Drive Fire. On September 11, 2020, authorities said they were preparing for a mass fatality incident. On September 11, it was reported that 600 homes and 100 commercial buildings were destroyed by the Almeda Drive Fire, but on September 18, that number was updated to 2,800. Officials stated that the Almeda Drive Fire was human-caused. On September 11, a man was arrested for arson, for allegedly starting a fire that destroyed multiple homes in Phoenix and merged with the Almeda Drive Fire. A separate criminal investigation into the origin point of the Almeda Drive Fire in Ashland was ongoing as of September 2020.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.44 square miles (3.73 km2), all of it land.

The city is south of Medford and north of Talent and Ashland along Interstate 5 and Oregon Route 99. This is toward the southern end of the Rogue River Valley, near the Siskiyou Mountains and the border with California.

Coleman Creek, a tributary of Bear Creek, joins the larger stream at Phoenix. The Bear Creek Greenway, a biking and hiking trail connecting Ashland, Talent, Medford, and Central Point along Bear Creek, also passes through Phoenix.

### Climate

This region experiences hot and dry summers, and cool and wet winters. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Phoenix has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated *Csa* on climate maps.

Phoenix's record-high temperature is 115 °F (46.1 °C) on June 27, 2021, and the record-low temperature is −8 °F (−22.2 °C) on December 9, 1972.

| Climate data for Phoenix, Oregon | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 70
(21) | 77
(25) | 81
(27) | 93
(34) | 98
(37) | 115
(46) | 109
(43) | 109
(43) | 106
(41) | 95
(35) | 76
(24) | 68
(20) | 115
(46) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 47.1
(8.4) | 53.2
(11.8) | 58.6
(14.8) | 64.5
(18.1) | 71.2
(21.8) | 78.9
(26.1) | 86.4
(30.2) | 87.0
(30.6) | 79.4
(26.3) | 67.2
(19.6) | 51.1
(10.6) | 45.7
(7.6) | 65.9
(18.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 29.8
(−1.2) | 32.2
(0.1) | 34.4
(1.3) | 37.7
(3.2) | 42.2
(5.7) | 47.5
(8.6) | 51.2
(10.7) | 50.4
(10.2) | 44.1
(6.7) | 37.1
(2.8) | 32.8
(0.4) | 30.4
(−0.9) | 39.2
(4.0) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −1
(−18) | −1
(−18) | 11
(−12) | 22
(−6) | 25
(−4) | 27
(−3) | 35
(2) | 37
(3) | 26
(−3) | 17
(−8) | 9
(−13) | −8
(−22) | −8
(−22) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.22
(82) | 2.93
(74) | 2.27
(58) | 1.91
(49) | 1.70
(43) | 0.85
(22) | 0.55
(14) | 0.41
(10) | 0.78
(20) | 1.45
(37) | 4.35
(110) | 4.70
(119) | 25.12
(638) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 1.6
(4.1) | 0.7
(1.8) | 0.2
(0.51) | 0.1
(0.25) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 0.2
(0.51) | 0.9
(2.3) | 3.7
(9.4) |
| Source: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1880 | 277 |  |  |
| 1910 | 250 |  |  |
| 1920 | 159 |  | −36.4% |
| 1930 | 439 |  | 176.1% |
| 1940 | 432 |  | −1.6% |
| 1950 | 746 |  | 72.7% |
| 1960 | 769 |  | 3.1% |
| 1970 | 1,287 |  | 67.4% |
| 1980 | 2,309 |  | 79.4% |
| 1990 | 3,239 |  | 40.3% |
| 2000 | 4,061 |  | 25.4% |
| 2010 | 4,538 |  | 11.7% |
| 2020 | 4,475 |  | −1.4% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

### 2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 4,538 people, 2,001 households, and 1,178 families living in the city. The population density was 3,151.4 inhabitants per square mile (1,216.8/km2). There were 2,149 housing units at an average density of 1,492.4 per square mile (576.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 84.0% White, 0.9% African American, 1.5% Native American, 1.3% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 7.9% from other races, and 4.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.8% of the population.

There were 2,001 households, of which 24.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.7% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.1% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.87.

The median age in the city was 44 years. 20.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.8% were from 25 to 44; 26.9% were from 45 to 64; and 22% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.9% male and 53.1% female.

### 2000 census

As of the 2000 census, there were 4,060 people, 1,746 households, and 1,117 families living in the city. The population density was 3,249.8 inhabitants per square mile (1,254.8/km2). There were 1,850 housing units at an average density of 1,480.8 per square mile (571.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 89.95% White, 0.86% African American, 1.08% Native American, 0.67% Asian, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 4.51% from other races, and 2.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.89% of the population.

There were 1,746 households, out of which 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.6% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.0% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.2% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 24.7% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 21.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,701, and the median income for a family was $38,176. Males had a median income of $29,832 versus $23,719 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,828. About 8.6% of families and 11.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.3% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

Phoenix is part of the Phoenix-Talent School District. The city is the site of two of the five schools in the district—Phoenix Elementary School and Phoenix High School, as well as Armadillo Technical Institute, a public charter school.

## Notable people

An independent film titled *Phoenix, Oregon* was produced in 2018 and revolves around two characters who live in the city. Despite this, the film was actually shot in Klamath Falls, Oregon. During the COVID-19 pandemic, most US movie theaters were closed. The film was re-released in theaters in smaller cities that remained opened. Because of this, *Phoenix, Oregon* was the highest grossing film at the US box office for three weeks in March and April 2020. Its biggest weekend was April 10–12, 2020, when it earned more than $11,000 at the box office.

The city features in the 1995 Russian movie *American Daughter*, in which the main character and his daughter attempt to travel to Phoenix, Arizona, but wind up in Oregon instead.

## InfoBox

| Phoenix, Oregon | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Phoenix City Hall (2013) | |
| Motto: The Other Phoenix | |
| Location within County and State | |
| Coordinates: 42°16′28″N 122°49′7″W / 42.27444°N 122.81861°W / 42.27444; -122.81861 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Oregon |
| County | Jackson |
| Incorporated | 1910 |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Terry Baker |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.43 sq mi (3.69 km2) |
| Land | 1.43 sq mi (3.69 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,543 ft (470.3 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 4,475 |
| Density | 3,138.15/sq mi (1,211.42/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (Pacific) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (Pacific) |
| ZIP code | 97535 |
| Area code(s) | 541 and 458 |
| FIPS code | 41-57500 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1161474 |
| Website | phoenixoregon.gov |


title: Phoenicia station

abstract: Phoenicia station is a repurposed train station located on High Street just south of Phoenicia, New York, United States. It is a frame building that opened in 1899. It was built by the Ulster and Delaware Railroad to replace an earlier station, primarily serving the patrons of hotels in the surrounding Catskill Mountains. It remained in use for about 55 years, after the New York Central Railroad bought the U&D on February 1, 1932, and ultimately ran its last passenger train on March 31, 1954. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995 as the Phoenicia Railroad Station, and today is home to the Empire State Railway Museum.

text:
# Phoenicia station

**Phoenicia station** is a repurposed train station located on High Street just south of Phoenicia, New York, United States. It is a frame building that opened in 1899.

It was built by the Ulster and Delaware Railroad to replace an earlier station, primarily serving the patrons of hotels in the surrounding Catskill Mountains. It remained in use for about 55 years, after the New York Central Railroad bought the U&D on February 1, 1932, and ultimately ran its last passenger train on March 31, 1954. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995 as the **Phoenicia Railroad Station**, and today is home to the Empire State Railway Museum.

## Property

The station is located just south of High Street, a road that leads into Phoenicia from the NY 28 state highway. It is situated in an open area on the flood plain of nearby Esopus Creek across from the southwestern foot of Mount Tremper. There is a parking lot to the south, and a kiosk to the north, but no other buildings in the area save a small sandwich shop.

The building itself is a one-story rectangular frame structure on a stone foundation sided in wood shingles. Its peaked roof, shingled in asphalt, is pierced by a stone chimney on the west side.

Continuous wooden molding runs around the building where the foundation, of bluestone in an ashlar pattern, gives way to the shingles. The wall flares outward slightly between it and another molded course below the windows. The roof has a deep overhang, with exposed eaves and decorative brackets. It shelters a wooden platform, raised so that boarding stools would not be needed, at trackside.

Inside, the station retains its original layout except for one closet that was built for electrical control equipment. Both the waiting room and the baggage room are now given over to museum displays. They are sided in narrow beadboard yellow pine, laid both horizontally and vertically, up to the vaulted ceiling. The floors have three-inch (7.5 cm) tongue and groove planking.

Between the two rooms on the track side is the ticket agent's office, which retains its brass window bars and milk-glass windows. The original benches, water fountain and sink are still in the waiting room along with an original heating grate. A cast iron air distribution pedestal was moved slightly from its original location to make room for a new electrical outlet.

The track next to the station is standard gauge. It is the only one of five that were once here.

## History

Thomas Cornell started the Ulster and Delaware's predecessor, the Rondout and Oswego, in 1866 to get goods from Central New York to what is now Kingston: already the terminus of the Delaware and Hudson Canal, which had established itself as the main route carrying coal from Northeast Pennsylvania to New York City via the Hudson River. Phoenicia would be, for a long time, the southern terminus of its narrow-gauge lines, with a branch, the Stony Clove and Catskill Mountain Railroad, opened through Stony Clove Notch to Hunter in 1882.

The first Phoenicia station was an 1870 masonry building located near the present intersection of Plank Road and Lower High Street in Phoenicia. The station's business increased when the branch was built in 1882; this led to two porticos being added, one on each side. Eventually, in 1900, the Ulster and Delaware would reach Oneonta. In 1899, the branch line was converted to standard-gauge due to steady growth in its passenger service to mountain resorts.

This new pre-fabricated structure (a near duplicate of the still-extant Oneonta Station, now a local bar and restaurant named "The Depot") was now the busiest station on the line, serving both the main line and the branch. In 1913, its busiest year, 676,000 passengers passed through. Its five tracks and relocation prevented the backups that had been caused by the trains stopped at Phoenicia to load and unload passengers, since trains extended onto the nearby Esopus Creek bridge.

It also had a freight house which served both the main line and the branches, just like the passenger station. In 1906, it was used as a location by Biograph for *Holdup of the Rocky Mountain Express*: an early nickelodeon film shot on paper, since transferred to film by the Library of Congress. Even after the Ulster and Delaware collapsed and was sold to the New York Central Railroad on February 1, 1932, the station remained busy. After passenger service was ended on March 31, 1954, the station was left to deteriorate. On October 2, 1976, Penn Central ended freight service and abandoned the entire line.

However, before it could be destroyed, John Ham, a local railroad buff, purchased the station from Penn Central. It is currently the home of the Empire State Railway Museum, which opened there in 1985.

After the Esopus flooded, following Hurricane Irene in 2011, the museum building suffered damage and closed indefinitely. The museum's staff later repaired and reopened it. It has been open for self-guided tours weekends and holidays Memorial Day through Columbus Day.

## InfoBox

| Phoenicia | |
| --- | --- |
| West elevation and north profile of Phoenicia station in 2008 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Station Road, Phoenicia, Ulster County, New York 12464 |
| Tracks | 1 |
| History | |
| Opened | May 23, 1870 |
| Closed | March 31, 1954 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station New York Central Railroad Following station  Shandakentoward Oneonta  Catskill Mountain Branch  Mount Pleasanttoward Kingston Point  Chichestertoward Kaaterskill  Kaaterskill Branch  *Terminus* | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Phoenicia Railroad Station | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Postcard view of Phoenicia station. | |
|  | |
| Location | Phoenicia, NY |
| Nearest city | Kingston |
| Coordinates | 42°04′49″N 74°18′30″W / 42.08028°N 74.30833°W / 42.08028; -74.30833 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1899 |
| Architectural style | Shingle Style |
| NRHP reference No. | 95000474 |
| Added to NRHP | April 20, 1995 |
|  | |


title: Photoactivated adenylyl cyclase

abstract: Photoactivated adenylyl cyclase (PAC) is a protein consisting of an adenylyl cyclase enzyme domain directly linked to a BLUF type light sensor domain. When illuminated with blue light, the enzyme domain becomes active and converts ATP to cAMP, an important second messenger in many cells. In the unicellular flagellate Euglena gracilis, PACα and PACβ (euPACs) serve as a photoreceptor complex that senses light for photophobic responses and phototaxis. Small but potent PACs were identified in the genome of the bacteria Beggiatoa (bPAC) and Oscillatoria acuminata (OaPAC). While natural bPAC has some enzymatic activity in the absence of light, variants with no dark activity have been engineered (PACmn).

text:
# Photoactivated adenylyl cyclase

**Photoactivated adenylyl cyclase** (PAC) is a protein consisting of an adenylyl cyclase enzyme domain directly linked to a BLUF (blue light receptor using FAD) type light sensor domain. When illuminated with blue light, the enzyme domain becomes active and converts ATP to cAMP, an important second messenger in many cells. In the unicellular flagellate *Euglena gracilis,* PACα and PACβ (euPACs) serve as a photoreceptor complex that senses light for photophobic responses and phototaxis. Small but potent PACs were identified in the genome of the bacteria *Beggiatoa* (bPAC) and *Oscillatoria acuminata* (OaPAC). While natural bPAC has some enzymatic activity in the absence of light, variants with no dark activity have been engineered (PACmn).

## Use of PACs as optogenetic tools

As PACs consist of a light sensor and an enzyme in a single protein, they can be expressed in other species and cell types to manipulate cAMP levels with light. When bPAC is expressed in mouse sperm, blue light illumination speeds up the swimming of transgenic sperm cells and aids fertilization. When expressed in neurons, illumination changes the branching pattern of growing axons. PAC has been used in mice to clarify the function of neurons in the hypothalamus, which use cAMP signaling to control mating behavior. Expression of PAC together with K<sup>+</sup>-specific cyclic-nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGs) has been used to hyperpolarize neurons at very low light levels, which prevents them from firing action potentials.

## Rhodopsin guanylyl cyclases

Photoactivated guanylyl cyclases have been discovered in the aquatic fungi *Blastocladiella emersonii* and *Catenaria anguillulae*. Unlike PACs, these light-activated cyclases use retinal as their light sensor and are therefore rhodopsin guanylyl cyclases (RhGC). When expressed in Xenopus oocytes or mammalian neurons, RhGCs generate cGMP in response to green light. Therefore, they are considered useful optogenetic tools to investigate cGMP signaling.


title: Pic de la Fossa del Gegant

abstract: Pic de la Fossa del Gegant is a mountain in Catalonia, Spain. Located in the Pyrenees, it has an altitude of 2,807 metres (9,209 ft) above sea level.

text:
# Pic de la Fossa del Gegant

**Pic de la Fossa del Gegant** is a mountain in Catalonia, Spain. Located in the Pyrenees, it has an altitude of 2,807 metres (9,209 ft) above sea level.

## InfoBox

| Pic de la Fossa del Gegant | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 2,807 m (9,209 ft) |
| Coordinates | 42°25′02″N 2°11′26″E / 42.41722°N 2.19056°E / 42.41722; 2.19056 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Catalonia, Spain |
| Parent range | Pyrenees |


title: Piano Trio in D major (Sibelius)

abstract: The Piano Trio in D major, Korpo, JS 209, is a three-movement chamber piece for violin, cello, and piano written in the summer of 1887 by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. The trio derives its nickname from Korpo, an island located in the Turku archipelago, at which the Sibelius family vacationed in 1887. It is Sibelius's third, and most significant, piano trio.

text:
# Piano Trio in D major (Sibelius)

The **Piano Trio** in D major, ***Korpo***, JS 209, is a three-movement chamber piece for violin, cello, and piano written in the summer of 1887 by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. The trio derives its nickname from Korpo (Finnish: *Korppoo*), an island located in the Turku archipelago, at which the Sibelius family vacationed in 1887. It is Sibelius's third, and most significant, piano trio.

## Structure

The D major trio is in three movements, as follows:

1. *Allegro moderato*
2. Fantasia. *Andante*  *Andantino*
3. Finale. *Vivace*

The *Korpo* Trio remains in manuscript.

## Discography

The Finnish musicians Jaakko Kuusisto (violin), Marko Yltinen (cello), and Folke Gräsbeck (piano) made the world premiere studio recording of the *Korpo* Trio in 2002 for BIS. The table below lists this and other commercially available recordings:

| No. | Violin | Cello | Piano | Runtime | Rec. | Recording venue | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Jaakko Kuusisto | Marko Yltinen | Folke Gräsbeck | 35:51 | 2002 | Danderyds gymnasium | BIS |  |
| 2 | Petteri Iivonen | Samuli Peltonen | Juho Pohjonen | 26:22 | 2016 | Segerstrom Center for the Arts | Yarlung |  |

## Notes, references, and sources

Notes References  1. Dahlström 2003, p. 638.
2. Barnett 2007, pp. 27–30.
3. Dahlström 2003, p. 639.
4. Dahlström 2003, pp. 514, 638.
Sources  * Barnett, Andrew (2007). *Sibelius*. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11159-0.
* Dahlström, Fabian \[in Swedish\] (2003). *Jean Sibelius: Thematisch-bibliographisches Verzeichnis seiner Werke* \[*Jean Sibelius: A Thematic Bibliographic Index of His Works*\] (in German). Wiesbaden: Breitkopf & Härtel. ISBN 3-7651-0333-0.

## InfoBox

| Piano Trio in D major | |
| --- | --- |
| *Korpo* | |
| by Jean Sibelius | |
| The composer (c.1885–1888) | |
| Catalogue | JS 209 |
| Composed | 1887 (1887) |
| Duration | 34 mins. |
| Movements | 3 |


title: Phrynobatrachus pakenhami

abstract: Phrynobatrachus pakenhami is a frog species in the family Phrynobatrachidae. It is endemic to Pemba Island off Tanzania. It is similar to Phrynobatrachus acridoides, its sister species, but the two species differ in ecology and male advertisement call. On the other hand, the recently described, supposed diminutive species P. nigripes was simply based on juveniles and subadults of P. pakenhami.

text:
# Phrynobatrachus pakenhami

***Phrynobatrachus pakenhami*** is a frog species in the family Phrynobatrachidae. It is endemic to Pemba Island off Tanzania. It is similar to *Phrynobatrachus acridoides*, its sister species, but the two species differ in ecology and male advertisement call. On the other hand, the recently described, supposed diminutive species *P. nigripes* was simply based on juveniles and subadults of *P. pakenhami*.

## Etymology

The specific name *pakenhami* honours Richard Hercules Wingfield Pakenham, a British colonial administrator who studied the fauna of Zanzibar and Pemba. Common name **Pakenham's river frog** has been coined for it.

## Description

Adult males measure 25–35 mm (1.0–1.4 in) and adult females 31–36 mm (1.2–1.4 in) in snout–vent length, although different authors report somewhat different ranges. The body is rather stocky. The snout is obtusely pointed. The tympanum is visible. The digital tips have discs, small on the fingers but well-developed on the toes. The toes are moderately webbed. Skin is smooth except for the W-shaped scapular warts. The dorsum is more or less uniform grey or brownish grey. The snout often bears a lighter triangle. A broad, light vertebral area, and a broad, transverse interorbital bar may be present. Darker brown patches are superimposed on the scapular warts. Hind limbs may have broad, light-edged dark crossbars. The upper lip is either uniform grey or barred. Venter is whitish with some minute, brown spots. Males have dark grey throat. Females are marked with brown blotches, which may give a dark cast to the throat.

## Habitat and conservation

*Phrynobatrachus pakenhami* occurs in forest and forest fringes of the northern part of the Pemba Island. Breeding takes place in pools, marshes, puddles and roadside ditches in and near tropical evergreen lowland forest.

This species does not occur in severely disturbed habitats. It is common in the Ngezi Forest Reserve that contains the last remaining stand of indigenous rainforest on the island. It is threatened by habitat loss and may have already disappeared outside the Ngezi Forest Reserve.

## InfoBox

| *Phrynobatrachus pakenhami* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Phrynobatrachidae |
| Genus: | *Phrynobatrachus* |
| Species: | ***P. pakenhami*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phrynobatrachus pakenhami***
Loveridge, 1941 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Phrynobatrachus nigripes* Pickersgill, 2007 | |


title: Pierce M. Barron

abstract: Pierce M. Barron was a tavern owner and political figure in Newfoundland. He represented St. John's West from 1859 to 1861 and Placentia and St. Mary's from 1861 to 1869 in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly as a Liberal. He was born in St. John's. He owned a tavern in St. John's. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1869 as a Conservative. After he retired from politics, Barron was a customs officer at St. John's. He died in Brooklyn, New York in 1887.

text:
# Pierce M. Barron

**Pierce M. Barron** (c. 1830  November 4, 1887) was a tavern owner and political figure in Newfoundland. He represented St. John's West from 1859 to 1861 and Placentia and St. Mary's from 1861 to 1869 in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly as a Liberal.

He was born in St. John's. He owned a tavern in St. John's. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1869 as a Conservative. After he retired from politics, Barron was a customs officer at St. John's. He died in Brooklyn, New York in 1887.

* Cuff, Robert H (1990). *Dictionary of Newfoundland and Labrador Biography*. ISBN 0-921191-51-0.


title: Pierce Lively

abstract: Frederick Pierce Lively was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.

text:
# Pierce Lively

**Frederick Pierce Lively** (August 17, 1921 – March 12, 2016) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.

## Education and career

Born in Louisville, Kentucky, Lively received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Centre College in 1943 and served as a Lieutenant (J.G.) in the United States Naval Reserve during World War II, from 1943 to 1946. He received a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1948, and was a law clerk to Judge Shackelford Miller Jr. of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit from 1948 to 1949. Lively was in private practice in Danville, Kentucky from 1949 to 1972.

## Federal judicial service

On September 12, 1972, Lively was nominated by President Richard Nixon to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit vacated by Judge Henry Luesing Brooks. Lively was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 3, 1972, and received his commission on October 5, 1972. He served as Chief Judge from 1983 to 1988, assuming senior status on January 1, 1989. He stopped hearing cases on December 31, 2007, but remained in senior status until his death on March 12, 2016.

## InfoBox

| Pierce Lively | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Senior Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit | |
| **In office**
January 1, 1989  March 12, 2016 | |
| Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit | |
| **In office**
October 1, 1983  March 31, 1988 | |
| Preceded by | George Clifton Edwards Jr. |
| Succeeded by | Albert J. Engel Jr. |
| Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit | |
| **In office**
October 5, 1972  January 1, 1989 | |
| Appointed by | Richard Nixon |
| Preceded by | Henry Luesing Brooks |
| Succeeded by | Alice M. Batchelder |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Frederick Pierce Lively
(1921-08-17)August 17, 1921
Louisville, Kentucky |
| Died | March 12, 2016(2016-03-12) (aged 94) |
| Education | Centre College (AB)
University of Virginia (LLB) |
|  | |


title: Pierre-Henri Simon

abstract: Pierre-Henri Simon was a French intellectual, literary historian, essayist, novelist, poet, and literary critic. He won the Prix Ève Delacroix in 1963

text:
# Pierre-Henri Simon

**Pierre-Henri Simon** (16 January 1903, Saint-Fort-sur-Gironde – 20 September 1972) was a French intellectual, literary historian, essayist, novelist, poet, and literary critic. He won the Prix Ève Delacroix in 1963

## Works

### Essays

* Destins de la personne, 1935
* L'Église et la Révolution sociale, 1938
* L'homme en procès: Malraux, Sartre, Camus, Saint-Exupéry (1950)
* L'Europe a-t-elle une conscience ?, 1953
* Contre la torture, 1957 (Pamphlet)
* Ce que je crois, 1966

### Novels

* Les Valentin, 1931
* L'Affût, 1946
* Les Raisins verts, 1950
* Celle qui est née un dimanche, 1952
* Les Hommes ne veulent pas mourir, 1953
* Portrait d'un officier, 1958
* Le Somnambule, 1960
* Histoire d'un bonheur, 1965
* Pour un garçon de vingt ans, 1967
* Questions aux savants, 1969
* La Sagesse du soir, 1971
* L'Homme et sa Vérité, 1972

### Literary criticism

* Georges Duhamel ou le Bourgeois sauvé, 1947
* Mauriac par lui-même, 1953
* Histoire de la Littérature française du XXe siècle, 1956
* Théâtre et Destin, 1959
* Présence de Camus, 1961
* Le Domaine héroïque des lettres françaises, 1963

### Theatre


title: Phyllium monteithi

abstract: Phyllium monteithi is a species of phasmatodea in the family Phylliidae. P. monteithi is found in tropical Queensland in Australia. The type specimen was collected from Mount Lewis, near Julatten. Reproduction occurs through parthenogenesis and conventional mating. P. monteithi is known to feed on leaves from the myrtle family however, another well known food plant is Szygium Australe. Males are between 61 and 64 mm in length, females to 76 mm. This species is popular as a pet in Australia and Europe.

text:
# Phyllium monteithi

***Phyllium monteithi*** is a species of phasmatodea in the family Phylliidae (leaf insect). *P. monteithi* is found in tropical Queensland in Australia. The type specimen was collected from Mount Lewis, near Julatten. Reproduction occurs through parthenogenesis and conventional mating. *P. monteithi* is known to feed on leaves from the myrtle family however, another well known food plant is Szygium Australe. Males are between 61 and 64 mm in length, females to 76 mm. This species is popular as a pet in Australia and Europe.

## InfoBox

| Monteith's leaf-insect | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Captive bred female (right) and male (left) Phyllium monteithei “Kuranda” adult | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Phasmatodea |
| Family: | Phylliidae |
| Genus: | *Phyllium* |
| Species: | ***P. monteithi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phyllium monteithi***<br>Brock & Hasenpusch, 2003 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Walaphyllium monteithi* | |


title: Carl Sigurd Winther

abstract: Carl Sigurd Winther was a Norwegian businessperson and politician for the Conservative Party. He was born in Fredrikshald as a son of businessperson Christian Winther (1859–1939) and Anna Høstgaard (1859–1931). He took the middle school exam in 1903, and also had training as a petty officer. He started his career in his father's factory, and took over the factory in 1918. He was a member of Sarpsborg city council from 1922. From 1923 to 1931 he chaired the local party chapter. He was a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from the Market towns of Østfold and Akershus counties during the term 1937–1945, and met regularly for Robert Rafn in 1938 and 1939. He was a board member of the Norwegian Gymnastics Federation from 1922 to 1925, and chaired the sports club TIL National after the Second World War. During the war he enrolled in the Norwegian forces during the Norwegian Campaign. After the Norwegian forces lost the campaign, he joined the Norwegian resistance movement. He came close to being apprehended and had to flee to Sweden on 29 January 1945. He died in December 1962 and is buried in Sarpsborg.

text:
# Carl Sigurd Winther

**Carl Sigurd Winther** (6 October 1887 – 22 December 1962) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician for the Conservative Party.

He was born in Fredrikshald as a son of businessperson Christian Winther (1859–1939) and Anna Høstgaard (1859–1931). He took the middle school exam in 1903, and also had training as a petty officer. He started his career in his father's factory, and took over the factory in 1918.

He was a member of Sarpsborg city council from 1922. From 1923 to 1931 he chaired the local party chapter. He was a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from the Market towns of Østfold and Akershus counties during the term 1937–1945, and met regularly for Robert Rafn in 1938 and 1939.

He was a board member of the Norwegian Gymnastics Federation from 1922 to 1925, and chaired the sports club TIL National after the Second World War. During the war he enrolled in the Norwegian forces during the Norwegian Campaign. After the Norwegian forces lost the campaign, he joined the Norwegian resistance movement. He came close to being apprehended and had to flee to Sweden on 29 January 1945. He died in December 1962 and is buried in Sarpsborg.


title: Platytholus

abstract: Platytholus is an extinct genus of pachycephalosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Hell Creek Formation of the United States. The genus contains a single species, P. clemensi, known from a partial skull.

text:
# Platytholus

***Platytholus*** is an extinct genus of pachycephalosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Hell Creek Formation of the United States. The genus contains a single species, ***P. clemensi***, known from a partial skull.

## Discovery and naming

The *Platytholus* holotype specimen, MOR 2915, was discovered during the early 2000s in sediments of the Hell Creek Formation, dated to the latest Maastrichtian age of the late Cretaceous period, in Garfield County, Montana. The specimen consists of a partial skull.

In 2023, Horner, Goodwin & Evans described *Platytholus clemensi*, a new genus and species of pachycephalosaurid, based on these fossil remains. The generic name, "*Platytholus*", combines the Latinised Greek "platys", meaning "flattened", "wide", or "broad", and "tholos", meaning a "small domed hill". The specific name, "*clemensi*", honors American paleontologist William A. Clemens Jr.

## Classification

Horner, Goodwin & Evans (2023) recovered *Platytholus* as a pachycephalosaurine member of the Pachycephalosauridae, as the sister taxon to a clade formed by *Prenocephale* and *Acrotholus*. The results of their phylogenetic analyses are shown in the cladogram below:

## InfoBox

| *Platytholus*
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Skeletal diagram of *Platytholus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| *Clade*: | Dinosauria |
| *Clade*: | Ornithischia |
| *Clade*: | Neornithischia |
| *Clade*: | Pachycephalosauria |
| Family: | Pachycephalosauridae |
| Subfamily: | Pachycephalosaurinae |
| Genus: | *Platytholus*
Horner, Goodwin & Evans, 2023 |
| Species: | ***P. clemensi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Platytholus clemensi***
Horner, Goodwin & Evans, 2023 | |
|