title: The Malayan Trilogy

abstract:
The Malayan Trilogy, also published as The Long Day Wanes: A Malayan Trilogy in the United States, is a comic 'triptych' of novels by Anthony Burgess set amidst the decolonisation of Malaya. It is a detailed fictional exploration of the effects of the Malayan Emergency and of Britain's final withdrawal from its Southeast Asian territories. The American title, decided on by Burgess himself, is taken from Alfred, Lord Tennyson's poem Ulysses: 'The lights begin to twinkle from the rocks: | The long day wanes: the slow moon climbs: the deep | Moans round with many voices. Come, my friends, | 'Tis not too late to seek a newer world.' The three volumes are:
  - Time for a Tiger (1956)
  - The Enemy in the Blanket (1958)
  - Beds in the East (1959) The trilogy tracks the fortunes of the history teacher Victor Crabbe, his professional difficulties, his marriage problems, and his attempt to do his duty in the war against the insurgents.

text:
# The Malayan Trilogy

***The Malayan Trilogy***, also published as ***The Long Day Wanes: A Malayan Trilogy*** in the United States, is a comic 'triptych' of novels by Anthony Burgess set amidst the decolonisation of Malaya.

It is a detailed fictional exploration of the effects of the Malayan Emergency and of Britain's final withdrawal from its Southeast Asian territories. The American title, decided on by Burgess himself, is taken from Alfred, Lord Tennyson's poem *Ulysses*: 'The lights begin to twinkle from the rocks: | **The long day wanes**: the slow moon climbs: the deep | Moans round with many voices. Come, my friends, | 'Tis not too late to seek a newer world.' (ll. 55-57)

The three volumes are:

* *Time for a Tiger* (1956)
* *The Enemy in the Blanket* (1958)
* *Beds in the East* (1959)

The trilogy tracks the fortunes of the history teacher Victor Crabbe, his professional difficulties, his marriage problems, and his attempt to do his duty in the war against the insurgents.

## Time for a Tiger

Time for a Tiger
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Anthony Burgess |
| Language | English |
| Series | The Long Day Wanes |
| Genre | Colonial novel |
| Publisher | Heinemann |
| Publication date | 1956 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print (Hardback & Paperback) |
| Followed by | *The Enemy in the Blanket* |

***Time for a Tiger***, the first part of the trilogy, is dedicated, in Jawi script on the first page of the book, "to all my Malayan friends" ("Kepada sahabat-sahabat saya di Tanah Melayu"). It was Burgess's first published work of fiction and appeared in 1956. The title alludes to an advertising slogan for Tiger beer, then, as now, popular in the Malay peninsula. The action centres on the vicissitudes of Victor Crabbe, a history teacher at an elite school for all the peninsula's ethnic groups – Malay Chinese and Indian – the Mansor School, in Kuala Hantu (modelled on the Malay College at Kuala Kangsar, Perak and Raffles Institution, Singapore).

Victor Crabbe, a resident teacher at the Mansor School, seeks to tackle the threat posed by a boy Communist who appears to be conducting clandestine night-time indoctrination sessions with fellow students. But the headmaster, Boothby, scoffs at Crabbe's warnings.

Nabby Adams, an alcoholic police lieutenant who prefers warm beer ("he could not abide it cold"), persuades Crabbe to buy a car, enabling Adams to make a commission as a middleman. This is despite the fact that Crabbe will not drive because of a traumatic car accident in which his first wife died and he was the driver.

Crabbe's marriage to the blonde Fenella is crumbling, while he carries on an affair with a Malay divorcee employed at a nightclub. A junior police officer who works for Adams, Alladad Khan, (who has a secret crush on Fenella) moonlights as a driver for the couple. Ibrahim bin Mohamed Salleh, a (married) gay cook, works for the couple but is being pursued by the wife he has fled from after being forced to marry her by his family.

The threads of the plot come together when Alladad Khan drives Crabbe, Fenella and Adams to a nearby village, along a route where they face possible ambush by Chinese terrorists. Due to unforeseen circumstances, they return late to the school's speech day and an unexpected chain of events follows that transforms the lives of all the main characters.

## *The Enemy in the Blanket*

The title is a literal translation of the Malay idiom "musuh dalam selimut", which means to be betrayed by an intimate (somewhat similar but not quite the same as the English "sleeping with the enemy"), alluding to the struggles of marriage but also other betrayals in the story. The novel charts the continuing adventures of Victor Crabbe, who becomes headmaster of a school in the imaginary sultanate of Dahaga (meaning thirst in Malay and identifiable with Kelantan) in the years and months leading up to Malayan independence.

Crabbe is made headmaster of a school in Dahaga, in the east coast of Malaya (in an introduction to the trilogy, he identifies the sultanate as Kota Baharu in Kelantan).

Burgess was dismayed by the design of the cover of the 1958 Heinemann edition of the novel, presumably designed in London. It shows a Sikh working as a ricksha-puller, something unheard of in Malaya or anywhere else. He wrote in his autobiography (Little Wilson and Big God, p. 416): "The design on \[the\] dust-jacket showed a Sikh pulling a white man and woman in a jinrickshaw. I, who had always looked up to publishers, was discovering that they could be as inept as authors. The reviewers would blame me, not the cover-designer, for that blatant display of ignorance."

## *Beds in the East*

The title is taken from a line spoken by Mark Antony in Antony and Cleopatra II.vi.49–52: '**The beds i' the east** are soft; and thanks to you,/That call'd me timelier than my purpose hither;/For I have gain'd by 't.'

## Main characters

* **Victor Crabbe**, initially a resident teacher at the Mansor School, seeks to tackle the threat posed by a boy Communist who appears to be conducting clandestine night-time indoctrination sessions with fellow students. But the headmaster, **Boothby**, scoffs at Crabbe's warnings. Crabbe later becomes a headmaster and, in the third book, an education officer.
* **Fenella**, Crabbe's second wife
* **Nabby Adams** (in *Time for a Tiger*), an alcoholic police lieutenant who prefers warm beer ("he could not abide it cold"). He persuades Crabbe to buy a car, enabling Adams to make a commission as a middleman, even though Crabbe will not drive because of a traumatic car accident in which his first wife died and he was the driver.
* **Ah Wing** (in *The Enemy in the Blanket*), Crabbe's elderly Chinese cook, who, it emerges, has been supplying the insurgents with provisions
* Ibrahim (in “Time for a Tiger”), the Crabbes’ transvestite servant who fears being found by his wife whom he was forced to marry by his family
* **Abdul Kadir** (in *The Enemy in the Blanket*), Crabbe's hard-drinking and foul-mouthed teaching colleague at the school, whose every sentence includes the words "For fuck's sake!"
* The hard-up lawyer **Rupert Hardman** (in *The Enemy in the Blanket*), who converts to Islam in order to wed a domineering Muslim woman, '**Che Normah**, for her money. He later bitterly regrets it and tries to return to the West in order to escape the marriage.
* **Talbot** (in *The Enemy in the Blanket*), the State Education Officer, a fat-buttocked gourmand whom Victor Crabbe cuckolds, and who himself cuckolded Crabbe years earlier
* **Anne Talbot** (in *The Enemy in the Blanket*), Talbot's wife, a wanton but unhappy adulteress
* The womanising **Abang of Dahaga** (in *The Enemy in the Blanket*), who is also a devotee of chess, and who aims both to seduce Crabbe's wife and to purloin his car
* **Father Laforgue** (in *The Enemy in the Blanket*), a priest who has spent most of his life in China and longs to return there. but is prevented from doing so, having been banished by the Communist regime
* **Jaganathan** (in *The Enemy in the Blanket*), a fellow teacher who plots to supplant and ruin Crabbe
* **Mohinder Singh** ( (in *The Enemy in the Blanket*), a shopkeeper trying desperately, and failing, to compete with Chinese traders
* **Robert Loo** (in *Beds in the East*), a brilliant boy composer whose musical career Crabbe seeks to further
* **Rosemary Michael** (in *Beds in the East*), an "eminently nubile" Tamil with "quite considerable capacity for all kinds of sensuous pleasure" and an inability to tell the truth, even to herself
* **Tommy Jones** (in *Beds in the East*), a beer salesman. "That's my line. I sell beer all over the East. Thirty years on the job. Three thousand a month and a car allowance and welcome wherever I go."
* **Lim Cheng Po** (in *Beds in the East*), an Anglophile lawyer
* **Tuan Haji Mohammed Nasir Bin Abdul Talib** (in *Beds in the East*), an Australian judge who harbours a secret resentment against the English
* **Moneypenny** (in *Beds in the East*), an anthropologist living in the Malayan jungle and studying hill tribes. He has lost touch with civilisation to the extent that he believes it is lethal to laugh at butterflies and "now regarded even a lavatory as supererogatory".

## Bibliography

### Editions

Initially published by Heinemann in discrete volumes, all known editions have since included all three novels in one volume. The list below excludes out-of-print editions, notably the paperback editions published by Penguin and Minerva in Britain, and W. W. Norton's hardback edition published in the United States in 1964.

* Burgess, Anthony *The Malayan Trilogy*. (London: Vintage, 2000) ISBN 978-0-7493-9592-6. This is the only edition that includes Burgess's retrospective introduction.
* Burgess, Anthony *The Long Day Wanes: A Malayan Trilogy*. (New York: W. W. Norton, 1993) ISBN 978-0-393-30943-0. U.S. paperback edition.

### Works of criticism

* Bloom, Harold (ed.) *Anthony Burgess*. (New York: Chelsea House, 1987) ISBN 978-0-87754-676-4.
* Lewis, Roger *Anthony Burgess*. (London: Faber, 2002) ISBN 978-0-571-20492-2. A biography of Burgess.
* Yahya, Zawiah *Resisting Colonialist Discourse*. (Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 1994) ISBN 978-967-942-296-2.
* Kerr, Douglas *Eastern Figures: Orient and Empire in British Writing* (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2008) ISBN 978-962-209-934-0. pp 191–196.
* Erwin, Lee 'Britain's Small Wars: Domesticating "Emergency"', in *The Edinburgh Companion to Twentieth-Century British and American War Literature*, (eds.) Piette, A. and M. Rawlinson (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2012) ISBN 978-0-7486-3874-1. pp. 81–89.

## InfoBox

The Malayan Trilogy
The Long Day Wanes: A Malayan Trilogy
| First omnibus edition (publ. Penguin, 1972)
Cover art by Peter Bentley | |
| --- | --- |
| ---  Time for a Tiger
The Enemy in the Blanket
Beds in the East  --- | |
| Author | Anthony Burgess |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Colonial novel |
| Publisher | Heinemann |
| Published | 1956 *(Time for a Tiger)*
1958 *(The Enemy in the Blanket)*
1959 *(Beds in the East)* |
| Media type | Print (paperback) |


title: Soar, Gwynedd

abstract: Soar is a small village or hamlet in Gwynedd, Wales. It is located about 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of Harlech, close to Talsarnau and Llandecwyn. It has no school; children in the hamlet go to school in Talsarnau.

text:
# Soar, Gwynedd

**Soar** is a small village or hamlet in Gwynedd, Wales.

It is located about 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of Harlech, close to Talsarnau and Llandecwyn.

It has no school; children in the hamlet go to school in Talsarnau.

## InfoBox

| Soar | |
| --- | --- |
| Soar Chapel | |
| SoarLocation within Gwynedd | |
| OS grid reference | SH615354 |
| Community |  |
| Principal area |  |
| Country | Wales |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | TALSARNAU |
| Postcode district | LL47 |
| Dialling code | 01766 |
|  | |
| Police | North Wales |
| Fire | North Wales |
| Ambulance | Welsh |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
| Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament |  |
|


title: Chignecto Marine Transport Railway

abstract: The Chignecto Marine Transport Railway is a historic Canadian portage railway located in Cumberland County, Nova Scotia. With Canadian Confederation in 1867, a variety of canal-building projects were undertaken throughout the new country by the new federal government, including renewed interest in a canal that could transit the isthmus at Chignecto. The Chignecto Ship Railway project was first proposed in 1875 by notable civil engineer Henry Ketchum as a means to transport ships across the Isthmus of Chignecto, shortening the sailing distance between the Bay of Fundy and the Gulf of St. Lawrence by avoiding the necessity of sailing 500 nmi (930 km) around Nova Scotia. A canal had been proposed for the isthmus but financing was proving difficult to secure. Ketchum submitted his proposal to the Government of Canada in 1881. In 1882 the Chignecto Marine Transport Railway Company was incorporated as a federally chartered railway. It was financed by Baring Brothers and Company, London.

text:
# Chignecto Marine Transport Railway

The **Chignecto Marine Transport Railway** (sometimes referred to as the **Chignecto Ship Railway** or **Baie Verte Ship Railway**) is a historic Canadian portage railway located in Cumberland County, Nova Scotia.

With Canadian Confederation in 1867, a variety of canal-building projects were undertaken throughout the new country by the new federal government, including renewed interest in a canal that could transit the isthmus at Chignecto. The Chignecto Ship Railway project was first proposed in 1875 by notable civil engineer Henry Ketchum as a means to transport ships across the Isthmus of Chignecto, shortening the sailing distance between the Bay of Fundy and the Gulf of St. Lawrence by avoiding the necessity of sailing 500 nmi (930 km) around Nova Scotia. A canal had been proposed for the isthmus but financing was proving difficult to secure. Ketchum submitted his proposal to the Government of Canada in 1881. In 1882 the Chignecto Marine Transport Railway Company was incorporated as a federally chartered railway. It was financed by Baring Brothers and Company, London.

## Background

The Isthmus of Chignecto is a land bridge connecting the mainland province of New Brunswick with the province of Nova Scotia, which would otherwise be an island. It separates the Bay of Fundy from the Northumberland Strait by approximately 21 km (13 mi) at its narrowest point. The isthmus presents a barrier to marine traffic from ports on the Bay of Fundy and along the East Coast of the United States, which must instead sail a long route around the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia to reach the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the St. Lawrence Seaway.

In 1685, during an inspection of the now defunct Acadian settlement of Beaubassin, intendant Jacques de Meulles reported that a portage of one league could be made by cutting a ditch, since the elevation is low. Various proposals for a canal crossing the isthmus were made as early as 1822.

Writing in the *Daily Telegraph* in 1894, one shipping agent suggested that a route crossing the isthmus would reduce the sailing distance from Pictou, Nova Scotia to Boston by 200 nmi (370 km; 230 mi), and to Saint John, New Brunswick by 400 nmi (740 km; 460 mi). An agent of a steamship company in Charlottetown suggested the routes to those ports from Prince Edward Island would save another 100 nmi (190 km; 120 mi) by crossing the isthmus rather than sailing around Nova Scotia.

## Design

The ship railway was designed to carry vessels weighing up to 2000 tons with a proposed transit time of 2.5 hours. Ships would be carried on a cradle forming an extremely wide rail car that straddled parallel twin standard gauge railway tracks, separated by 18 ft (5.5 m) to the centre of each track.

The tracks were built on a route that was almost perfectly straight for a distance of 17 mi (27 km) between the southwestern terminal on the Bay of Fundy, located at Fort Lawrence and the northeastern terminal on the Northumberland Strait, located at Tidnish Cross Roads.

At each terminal the twin railway tracks descended on an incline into a stone-lined basin similar to a drydock into which ships would float in and out. Each terminal had a lifting dock containing a steel grid measuring 235 ft (72 m) by 60 ft (18 m) connected to 20 hydraulic jacks. The grids supported the cradle which carried the vessel. The cradle was pulled from the lifting dock by hydraulic power and was then pulled along the length of the ship railway by 2 steam-powered locomotives.

The terminal at Tidnish Cross Roads was located on Baie Verte and had a moderate tidal range and was protected by two breakwaters. However, the terminal at Fort Lawrence was located on Cumberland Basin at the discharge point of the Missaguash River on the inter-provincial boundary with New Brunswick and had a high tidal range, necessitating the construction of a lock to accommodate different water levels.

## Construction and demise

Construction began in October 1888 and by 1890 the project was three-quarters complete with 16 mi (26 km) of the rail bed finished, and 13 mi (21 km) of the track laid. A bridge and large stone arch culvert were built at Tidnish Bridge \- a community which received its name due to this infrastructure. And the terminals were built including the docks, breakwaters, and lock.

In fall 1890 the primary financiers of the project, Baring Brothers & Co., faced potential insolvency due to the financing of debts in Uruguay and Argentina. This created the Panic of 1890. By August 1891 work on the ship railway ground to a halt and would never restart. Ketchum appealed to the federal government for help in finishing the project but in 1892 the Parliament of Canada refused to extend the time period for the contract with the Chignecto Marine Transport Railway Company.

Ketchum never ceased lobbying for the project but died unexpectedly on September 8, 1896, in Amherst. He was buried in Tidnish Bridge at a cemetery that overlooked the unfinished ship railway.

The tracks were eventually pulled up and recycled while nature slowly claimed the rail bed. Some of the stones used for the breakwaters at Tidnish were moved in 1917 to Cape Tormentine and used in the construction of the docks used for ferry service to Prince Edward Island.

## Legacy

The land for the railway's right-of-way was purchased by the Government of Nova Scotia in 2012. Most of the rail bed is still visible in aerial and satellite photos in the 21st century and supports several recreation trails.

The keystone bridge constructed near Tidnish Cross Roads remains, and now carries the Henry Ketchum Trail, a 4 km (2.5 mi) walking trail following the former rail bed, over the Tidnish River. The site of the Tidnish dock was made Tidnish Dock Provincial Park in 1982. A heritage plaque identifies the site where rock remnants and wood pilings can be seen at low tide. The remains of the dock at Fort Lawrence consist of stone work and left-over masonry. The bridge and both docks were listed on the Canadian Register of Historic Places in 1985.

The railway was designated a National Historic Civil Engineering Site by the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering in 1989.

## Other Chignecto canal proposals

With the area having been an important site for trade and military activity in the 1600s and 1700s, proposals to intersect the isthmus with a canal have emerged with various degrees of seriousness since the arrival of Europeans in Canada. The earliest proposals came from traders who frequented the area in the 1600s and 1700s. These early proposals occurred well prior to the creation of any strong central government in Canada which would have been able to undertake a project of this magnitude, making the Chignecto Ship Railway project (which occurred after the creation of a Canadian central government) the first serious attempt to intersect the Chignecto isthmus.

When the Chignecto Ship Railway went defunct in the 1890s, there was a decline in enthusiasm for canal-building projects across Canada more generally since many of the canals built in the late 1800s concluded well over-budget and did not deliver promised increases in commerce. This ended any prospects of building a canal at Chignecto until the 1930s when the idea of building a canal was investigated as part of Ottawa's fiscal stimulus program in response to the Great Depression. The thought was that the construction would stimulate the depressed region and the canal would increase the Maritimes' economic vitality over the long-term. A substantial investigation was undertaken by the newly formed Chignecto Canal Commission which concluded that such a canal was economically unviable due to changes in the political and economic landscape which had occurred since Henry Ketchum's project had begun in the 1880s. In the 50-year interim, the newly formed Government of Canada had constructed a network of railways throughout the Maritimes, meaning that any new canal would cannibalise traffic from existing public infrastructure. The commission also found that trade between the Maritimes and New England through any Chignecto Canal would have been insignificant; since both regions competitively produced the same types of goods, neither would have much advantage in trading with the other. The Chignecto Canal Commission concluded by stating "this Commission is strongly of opinion that the proposal to construct a canal at Chignecto offers no national or local advantages at all commensurate with the estimated outlay."

Following the Second World War there have been several proposals to build a canal at Chignecto although none of them have advanced far enough to materialise into any construction. In 1960, the Economic Research Corporation argued that a canal at Chignecto would help to reinvigorate a struggling Maritime Economy. More recently, celebrated Maritime scholar of public administration Donald Savoie argued for infrastructure spending on projects like Chignecto, which he argued to be key for Maritime economic development and is an undertaking that the federal government should have completed long before as part of its promises at Confederation in 1867.

## InfoBox

| Chignecto Marine Transport Railway | |
| --- | --- |
| The southern dock of the Chignecto Marine Transport Railway, on the Missaguash River, Fort Lawrence, Nova Scotia | |
| Overview | |
| Status | Never completed |
| Owner | Chignecto Marine Transport Railway Company |
| Coordinates | 45°59′50″N 64°0′31″W / 45.99722°N 64.00861°W / 45.99722; -64.00861 |
| Service | |
| Type | Portage railway |
| History | |
| Commenced | 1888 |
| Construction halted | 1891 |
| Technical | |
| Line length | 17 mi (27 km) |


title: Döhlau

abstract: Döhlau is a municipality in Upper Franconia in the district of Hof in Bavaria in Germany. It lies on the Saale River.

text:
# Döhlau

**Döhlau** is a municipality in Upper Franconia in the district of Hof in Bavaria in Germany. It lies on the Saale River.

## InfoBox

| Döhlau | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Döhlau Castle | |
|  | |
| Location of Döhlau within Hof district | |
| Döhlau Döhlau | |
| Coordinates: 50°16′N 11°56′E / 50.267°N 11.933°E / 50.267; 11.933 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Bavaria |
| Admin. region | Oberfranken |
| District | Hof |
| Subdivisions | 8 Ortsteile |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202026) | Marc Ultsch (SPD) |
| Area | |
| Total | 15.25 km2 (5.89 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 500 m (1,600 ft) |
| Population (2023-12-31) | |
| Total | 3,802 |
| Density | 250/km2 (650/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 95182 |
| Dialling codes | 09286 (in Teilen: 09281 u. 09283) |
| Vehicle registration | HO |
| Website | www.doehlau.de |


title: Clarawood

abstract: Clarawood is a housing estate in Belfast, Northern Ireland. It is located in the east of the city and incorporates the neighbouring Richhill development. Its name is probably derived from An Chlárach. It is located off Knock Road (A55).

text:
# Clarawood

**Clarawood** is a housing estate in Belfast, Northern Ireland. It is located in the east of the city and incorporates the neighbouring Richhill development. Its name is probably derived from *An Chlárach* (Irish: *the place of flat-topped hills*). It is located off Knock Road (A55).

## Population

The Northern Ireland Housing Executive, the public housing authority for Northern Ireland, commissioned and published a report about segregation in the estates; the report was based on national census data gathered between 1971 and 2001 and used 100m cells as the smallest unit. The report included the following figures for Clarawood:

* In 1971, 2% Catholic, 94% Protestant, and 3% unknown;
* In 1991, 1% Catholic, 83% Protestant, and 17% of which claimed no or another religion;
* In 2001, 2% Catholic, 93% Protestant, and 5% claimed no religion.

## Facilities

As of 2015, the Housing Executive reported on it stock of housing units; it reported that Clarawood contained 591 residences (bungalows, maisonettes, flats, and houses), 313 of which were owned by the Housing Executive and 278 of which had been sold.

Robert Bell Primary School was built to serve about 180 students; as of 1984 it was slated to be closed.

Part of the closed school's facilities were made into a school for children with special needs, the Clarawood School, and part was made into a community centre called the Anne Napier Centre.

As of 2013 the Clarawood School provided education for children with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties; it provided full-time education for 19 children, part-time education for 14 children, and educational support 137 pupils via an outreach program.

The Anne Napier Centre apparently closed around 2004; in 2009 the Clarawood Community Association, which had been formed in 2003 to organize and advocate for the residents of the neighborhood, the Belfast City Council, and the Belfast Education and Library Board came to an agreement to allow the community association to lease the facility for use as a community centre.

The Oak Partnership was formed by several churches and the YMCA in 1999 and in 2002 it opened its Oak Centre in 2 former shops. The Oak Partnership was one of the twenty winners from around Ireland in Cooperation Ireland's Pride of Place awards for 2014.

## Environment

Clarawood has its own park called Clarawood Millennium Park that was improved in the late 1990s under a program called "Belfast 2000: A city with a landscape (Northern Ireland)" that was run by the city government in conjunction with the Millennium Commission; the program developed 6 parks, 3 in West Belfast and three in the east, all in areas "which suffered through the Troubles and four of the six are in areas with high levels of deprivation." Clarawood also has its own wood. Many of the estate's trees are protected by a Local Landscape Policy Order.

Flooding periodically affected the bottom of the estate along with much of East Belfast; floods were particularly severe in 2012. As a result, the Rivers Agency the city government created a flood alleviation scheme. Part of that scheme included creation of the Connswater Community Greenway Project, which included rerouting the Knock River and the creation of parkland connecting Orangefield Park to Clarawood.

## Transport

The estate is served by Translink Metro bus route number 4e Gilnahirk via Bloomfield & Clarawood and an Easibus service to Connswater.

## Notable residents

Jim Gray (UDA member), a Northern Irish loyalist and the East Belfast brigadier of the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), was murdered at his father's home in Clarawood in 2005.

## InfoBox

| Clarawood | |
| --- | --- |
| Entrance to Clarawood from Knock Carriageway | |
| ClarawoodLocation within County Down | |
| County |  |
| Country | Northern Ireland |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Belfast |
| Postcode district | BT5 |
| Dialling code | 028 |
|  | |
| Police | Northern Ireland |
| Fire | Northern Ireland |
| Ambulance | Northern Ireland |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
| NI Assembly |  |
|


title: 1945 City of London by-election

abstract: The 1945 City of London by-election was held on 31 October 1945. The by-election was held due to the elevation to hereditary peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, George Broadbridge. It was won by the Conservative candidate and sitting Chairman of the Conservative Party Ralph Assheton who had lost Rushcliffe at the general election earlier in the year.

text:
# 1945 City of London by-election

The **1945 City of London by-election** was held on 31 October 1945. The by-election was held due to the elevation to hereditary peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, George Broadbridge. It was won by the Conservative candidate and sitting Chairman of the Conservative Party Ralph Assheton who had lost Rushcliffe at the general election earlier in the year.

1945 City of London by-election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Ralph Assheton** | **4,506** | **74.99** | **+38.68** |
|  | Liberal | Arthur Comyns Carr | 1,503 | 25.01 | +14.00 |
| Majority | | | 3,003 | 49.98 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 6,009 | 51.58 | −12.3 |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |


title: Vallur mandal

abstract: Vallur is a mandal in YSR Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is part of the Kadapa revenue division.

text:
# Vallur mandal

**Vallur** is a mandal in YSR Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is part of the Kadapa revenue division.

## InfoBox

| Vallur | |
| --- | --- |
| Mandal | |
| Dynamic map | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| District | YSR Kadapa |
| Revenue Division | Kadapa |
| Languages | |
| Official | Telugu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | AP |


title: Centra Gas Manitoba

abstract: Centra Gas Manitoba Inc., a subsidiary of Manitoba Hydro, is the primary distributor of natural gas in Manitoba, serving the Winnipeg and surrounding area, including rural communities. The company had a gas distribution monopoly in Manitoba until 1991. Based in Winnipeg, it is regulated by the Public Utilities Board of Manitoba.

text:
# Centra Gas Manitoba

**Centra Gas Manitoba Inc.**, a subsidiary of Manitoba Hydro, is the primary distributor of natural gas in Manitoba, serving the Winnipeg and surrounding area, including rural communities. The company had a gas distribution monopoly in Manitoba until 1991.

Based in Winnipeg, it is regulated by the Public Utilities Board of Manitoba.

## History

Centra Gas Manitoba initially received its provincial charter in 1953.

It was privately owned by Vancouver-based Westcoast Energy from 1990 until 1999, when it was purchased by Manitoba Hydro. In the couple of years preceding the sale, Centra began speculative natural gas trading, leading to a CA$45.5 million loss which Manitoba utility regulators ruled could not be recovered by the company through a rate hike, forcing shareholders to absorb the loss. Moreover, as early as 1996, Centra had been working with Manitoba Hydro to reduce costs by combining forces on activities like power meter reading and billing.

Centra Gas Manitoba was one of four units of Centra Gas Canada (known as *ICG Utilities* until 1991), the other three being Centra Gas Ontario, Centra Gas Alberta, and Centra Gas British Columbia, which *in toto* distributed natural gas to 500,000 Canadians and employed about 2000 people as of 1991. Each of the four component companies were regulated utilities, and at least two had un-regulated affiliate firms, such as Centra Energy Services as the affiliate of Centra Gas Manitoba.

As of 1999, Centra had about 240,000 residential and commercial customers. In fiscal 2003, total gas revenues were CA$497 million on 2,123 million cubic metres of gas.

## InfoBox

Centra Gas Manitoba Inc.
| Formerly | * Winnipeg & Central Gas Company (19538) * Central Winnipeg Gas Company (195890) * ICG Utilities (Manitoba) (19901) |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Energy |
| Founded | 1953 (1953) |
| Headquarters | Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada |
| Area served | Manitoba, Canada |
| Key people | Otto Lang, President & CEO (1993 ) |
| Owner | Manitoba Hydro |
| Number of employees | 661 (1999) |
| **Footnotes / references**<br> | |


title: The Man in the Wall

abstract: "The Man in the Wall" is the sixth episode of the first season of the television series Bones. Originally aired on November 15, 2005, on FOX network, the episode is written by Elizabeth Benjamin and directed by Tawnia McKiernan. The plot features FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth and Dr. Temperance Brennan's investigation into a mummified man found inside a wall in a nightclub.

text:
# The Man in the Wall

"**The Man in the Wall**" is the sixth episode of the first season of the television series *Bones*. Originally aired on November 15, 2005, on FOX network, the episode is written by Elizabeth Benjamin and directed by Tawnia McKiernan. The plot features FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth and Dr. Temperance Brennan's investigation into a mummified man found inside a wall in a nightclub.

## Summary

Angela Montenegro persuades her best friend, Dr. Temperance Brennan, to stop working and go to a club with her. At the club, Brennan inadvertently starts a fight by describing the music as "tribal." She kicks a man, who falls against a wall and breaks it, revealing a hidden mummy and dispersing a cloud of methamphetamine onto the dance floor which doses Angela and Brennan as well.

The man turns out to be Roy Taylor or more popularly known as D.J. Mount, a rising disc jockey at the nightclub. Inside the wall of the club, Brennan and her assistant, Zack Addy, discover a belly button ring with the words "Luv Rulz" engraved on it, making a fellow disc jockey, D.J. Rulz, a prime suspect. The stud came from D.J. Mount's girlfriend, who was D.J. Rulz's ex-girlfriend.

When Booth and Brennan go to find Mount's girlfriend, Eve, they discover from her brother that Eve had left her daughter with him and although she had promised to return, she never did. They discover that the methamphetamine found on the money she left her brother is the same as the methamphetamine on Mount's face. She becomes a suspect until they realize she had been behind Mount at the time Mount was stuck in the wall where he was mummified, and the methamphetamine was pushed into his face from the front, indicating that there was a third person in the wall.

They discover an FBI agent is working undercover for Randall Hall, the owner of the club. The agent claims that Randall is passing methamphetamine through the club. They confront Hall, who tells them that Rulz built himself a new studio a day after Mount went missing. They find Eve's body using a police cadaver dog, but Rulz did not have the strength to kill her, as he was shot through the wrist a few years ago. They find a bone dimple on both bodies, but cannot explain it.

They take Rulz in, and he tells them that Mount was going to jump labels from Randall Hall's Basement Records, and that Randall paid for his studio. From this they have Randall's motive: Mount was going to jump labels and Eve was stealing his methamphetamine and cash to pay for them to have a better life.

Booth goes to the club and gets Randall to poke him with his cane, and almost breaks it before Brennan realizes that his cane is what caused the bone dimples on both bodies. This is confirmed when a test in the lab show the cane created them both. The team now have forensics that confirm he is the killer.

## Music

The episode features the following music: -

## Conception

The idea of the episode was based on the real-life story of disc jockey Eduardo Sanchez, who was reported missing before his mummified body was found inside a wall of a popular night club in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The story of "DJ's mummified body found behind wall in club" was published by the National Post on December 7, 2003. According to the episode's writer, Elizabeth Benjamin, the story also allowed her to "put Brennan inside a world that is completely outside her comfort zone, and allow her not to only relate to it and find parallels in her own life, but to see her actually enjoying herself and finding it cool."

## InfoBox

| "**The Man in the Wall**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Bones* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 1<br>Episode 6 |
| Directed by | Tawnia McKiernan |
| Written by | Elizabeth Benjamin |
| Production code | 1AKY06 |
| Original air date | November 15, 2005 (2005-11-15) |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


title: Blascosancho

abstract: Blascosancho is a municipality located in the province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 132 inhabitants.

text:
# Blascosancho

**Blascosancho** is a municipality located in the province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 132 inhabitants.

## InfoBox

| Blascosancho | |
| --- | --- |
| municipality | |
| Blascosnacho | |
|  | |
| Extension of the municipal term within the province of Ávila | |
| BlascosanchoLocation in Spain.BlascosanchoBlascosancho (Spain) | |
| Coordinates: 40°52′40″N 4°38′9″W / 40.87778°N 4.63583°W / 40.87778; -4.63583 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile and León |
| Province | Ávila |
| Municipality | Blascosancho |
| Area | |
| Total | 22.95 km2 (8.86 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 904 m (2,966 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 114 |
| Density | 5.0/km2 (13/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Website | Official website |


title: Chinaravuru

abstract: Chinaravuru is an area of Tenali in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Tenali Mandal of Tenali revenue division. It has become of the important parts of Tenali city. Chinnaravuru park located here is the biggest attraction of Tenali. It forms a part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.

text:
# Chinaravuru

**Chinaravuru** is an area of Tenali in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Tenali Mandal of Tenali revenue division. It has become of the important parts of Tenali city. Chinnaravuru park located here is the biggest attraction of Tenali. It forms a part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.

## Geography

Chinaravuru is situated to the southeast of Tenali, at 16°13′11″N 80°39′48″E / 16.2198°N 80.6632°E / 16.2198; 80.6632.

## Government and politics

Chinaravuru gram panchayat is the local self-government of the village. There are wards, each represented by an elected ward member. The present sarpanch is *vacant*, elected indirectly by the ward members. The village is administered by the *Tenali Mandal Parishad* at the intermediate level of panchayat raj institutions.

## Demographics

As of 2011 census, Chinaravuru (rural) had a population of 5,058. The total population constitutes 2,553 males and 2,505 females —a sex ratio of 981 females per 1000 males. 524 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 266 are boys and 258 are girls. The average literacy rate stands at 73.73% with 3,343 literates.

## Transport

TenaliKollur road passes through the village. Chinaravuru railway station is situated on the mutual Tenali-Repalle branch line and administered under Guntur railway division of South Central Railway zone. The nearest major railway station to the village is Tenali JunctionTenali. APSRTC Tenali operates the buses from the Chinnaravuru Bus stand to Tenali Bus stand, Mangalagiri, Vijayawada and many cities like Hyderabad and Visakhapatnam. The buses are very frequent to Tenali from the park.

## Education

Kendriya Vidyalaya, a central government school, was established in the village.

## InfoBox

| Chinaravuru | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighborhood | |
| Dynamic map | |
| ChinaravuruLocation in Andhra Pradesh, India | |
| Coordinates: 16°13′11″N 80°39′48″E / 16.2198°N 80.6632°E / 16.2198; 80.6632 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| District | Guntur |
| Mandal | Tenali |
| Area | |
| Rural | 8.95 km2 (3.46 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Rural | 5,058 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Telugu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |


title: Dylan Phythian

abstract: Dylan Phythian is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who plays as a fullback and five-eighth. He previously for the Newcastle Knights in the NRL.

text:
# Dylan Phythian

**Dylan Phythian** (born 19 August 1995) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who plays as a fullback and five-eighth. He previously for the Newcastle Knights in the NRL.

## Background

Phythian was born in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.

He played his junior rugby league for the Western Suburbs Rosellas, Lakes United and Belmont South Rabbitohs, before being signed by the Newcastle Knights.

## Playing career

### 2015

In 2015, Phythian played for the Newcastle Knights' NYC team, before being promoted to their New South Wales Cup team during the year.

### 2016

In round 25 of the 2016 NRL season, Phythian made his NRL debut for the Knights against the South Sydney Rabbitohs, scoring a try. In November, he re-signed with the Knights on a 1-year contract until the end of 2017.

### 2017

While playing fullback in round 1 of the 2017 season against the New Zealand Warriors, Phythian suffered a season-ending injury, tearing the anterior cruciate ligament in his left knee. In September, he had his Knights contract extended until the end of 2018.

### 2018

On 27 March, Phythian had his contract terminated by the Knights after he returned a second positive test for social drugs, the first test remaining anonymous under the NRL's rules, with the second positive test automatically incurring a 12-match suspension.

Phythian made his return to the field in June for Lakes United in the Newcastle Rugby League. Less than a week later, he made a mid-season move to the Burleigh Bears in the Queensland Cup.

### 2019

In February, Phythian was given the chance to train and trial with the Gold Coast Titans during the pre-season.

In September, Phythian played five-eighth in the 2019 Intrust Super Cup Grand Final defeating Wynnum Manly. He also played in the State Championship Grand Final against the NSW Instrust Super Cup winners Newtown Jets.

### 2020

In 2020, Phythian played for the Blacktown Workers.

### 2021

In 2021, Phythian returned to Newcastle to play for the Central Newcastle Butcher Boys in the Newcastle Rugby League.

### 2022

In 2022, Phythian returned to the Knights on a train and trial contract and played for their NSW Cup team.

## InfoBox

Dylan Phythian
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1995-08-19) 19 August 1995<br>Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia |
| Height | 188 cm (6 ft 2 in) |
| Weight | 100 kg (15 st 10 lb) |
| Playing information | |
| Position | Fullback, Five-eighth |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  2016–17 Newcastle Knights 3 1 0 0 4 | |
| Source: As of 5 November 2022 | |


title: Vallur Thermal Power Station

abstract: Vallur Thermal Power Station is a power plant located in Vallur, Thiruvallur district, India. The power plant is operated by NTPC Tamil Nadu Energy Company Limited, a joint venture between NTPC Limited and TANGEDCO and has three units with 500 MW each. In January 2014, the units in the power plant achieved a record generation of 24.09 million units (kWh) of electricity. The project adds nearly 24 million units a day to the grid. Tamil Nadu is the major beneficiary of power generated from this facility, while some of it is supplied to Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Puducherry. The plant will consume 4.62 megatonnes of coal a year. Coal for the plant will be brought from Orissa through ship to Ennore Port, from where it will be transported by pipe conveyor crossing Ennore Creek.

text:
# Vallur Thermal Power Station

**Vallur Thermal Power Station** is a power plant located in Vallur, Thiruvallur district, India. The power plant is operated by NTPC Tamil Nadu Energy Company Limited, a joint venture between NTPC Limited and TANGEDCO and has three units with 500 MW each.

In January 2014, the units in the power plant achieved a record generation of 24.09 million units (kWh) of electricity. The project adds nearly 24 million units a day to the grid. Tamil Nadu is the major beneficiary of power generated from this facility (about 750 MW), while some of it is supplied to Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Puducherry.

The plant will consume 4.62 megatonnes (4,550,000 long tons; 5,090,000 short tons) of coal a year. Coal for the plant will be brought from Orissa through ship to Ennore Port, from where it will be transported by pipe conveyor crossing Ennore Creek.

## Location

The power plant is located on a triangular tract of land between Ennore Creek and Athipattu Pudhunagar railway station, southwest of Ennore Port, Chennai.

## Construction

The plant was established under the mega power project policy. The erstwhile Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB) and the NTPC, in a joint venture, formed the NTPC Tamil Nadu Energy Company Limited. The foundation stone for the Vallur thermal plant was laid on 5 September 2007, with an estimated cost of 80 billion (€100 million), and the 19,900-million main plant package to supply steam generators and turbine for stage I was awarded to Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), a state-run power equipments manufacturer, on 13 August 2007. The projected was constructed in two phases: phase I with two 500 MW units at a cost of 54 billion and phase II with one 500 MW unit at a cost of 30 billion. Initially expected to be operational by 2010, the project was delayed due to the late implementation of the coal-handling facility established by the BHEL. Erection of the boiler column began on 5 January 2009.

In September 2009, the 130 million contract to supply units for Vallur was given to BHEL, which supplied and installed steam generator and steam turbine packages. BHEL was responsible for the design, engineering manufacture, supply, erection and commissioning of the steam generators, turbine generators, electrostatic precipitators and associated auxiliaries, and controls and instrumentation systems in the plant.

The 216-tonne (213-long-ton; 238-short-ton) boiler drum of Unit I was erected in June 2010. Unit I was commissioned in March 2012 but operating at full capacity was delayed further due to problems with coal-handling facilities. Independent works on phase II began in 2010.

The first, second and third units were synchronised with the grid on 9 March 2012, 26 February 2013 and 28 February 2014, respectively. The total cost of the project without IDC was 91,930 million. The plant commenced its commercial operation on 29 November 2012, with the operation of its first unit. The second unit commenced its commercial operations on 25 August 2013, while that of the third unit was commenced on 28 February 2014.

## Cost and Finance

The cost of phase I was 54 billion ($1.15 billion) and that of phase II was 30 billion ($639 million). The debt equity ratio of the project is 7:3. The Rural Electrification Corporation (REC) sanctioned 38 billion ($809 million) to meet the entire debt portion of the project. REC advanced a loan of 21 billion ($447 million) for the second phase in April 2010.

## Technology and operations

The boiler systems at the plant consists of single- or two-pass type, with front/rear/side mill layout, which can have single/bi-drum arrangement with natural or controlled circulation. There is constant or sliding pressure operation, and hot or cold primary air systems. Steam turbine operates at a speeds of 3,000 rpm. The main steam is at 130–250 bars (13,000–25,000 kPa) at 500–540 °C (930–1,000 °F). Steam reheat is at 30–70 bars (3,000–7,000 kPa) and 500–600 °C (930–1,100 °F). The back pressure is between 20 and 300 millibars (20 and 300 hPa).

The plant has six induced draft cooling towers (IDCTs), which have a capacity of 30,000 cubic metres per hour (1,100,000 cu ft/h) with nine cells of 14 by 21 metres (46 ft × 69 ft) each. The IDCTs use seawater, which is drawn from the intake channel of North Chennai Thermal Power Station, and fresh water requirement is met from a desalination plant. The plant has adopted closed cycle re-circulating type cooling water system for its operations.

The coal conveyor system in the plant includes a 4.4-kilometre (2.7 mi)-long pipe conveyor with a capacity of 4,000 tonnes per hour (150,000 lb/min), which is the world's largest pipe conveyor.

The plant requires 13,400 tonnes (13,200 long tons; 14,800 short tons) of coal per day. Domestic coalfields supply 53 percent of the need, and the remainder through coal imports.

### Installed capacity

Following is the unit-wise capacity of the 1,500 megawatts (2,000,000 hp) plant.

| Stage | Unit Number | Installed Capacity (MW) | Date of Commissioning | Status |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Stage I | 1 | 500 | 29 November 2012 | Running |
| Stage I | 2 | 500 | 25 August 2013 | Running |
| Stage I | 3 | 500 | 28 February 2014 | Running |
|

The share of Tamil Nadu would be 375 megawatts (503,000 hp) from each of the three units in the plant.

## Environmental Impact

The Vallur Thermal Power Station is environmentally friendly & non-polluting plant.

## InfoBox

| Vallur Thermal Power Station | |
| --- | --- |
| Vallur Thermal Power Plant as viewed from new Ennore Creek road bridge | |
|  | |
| Country | India |
| Location | Vallur |
| Coordinates | 13°14′2″N 80°18′21″E / 13.23389°N 80.30583°E / 13.23389; 80.30583 |
| Status | Operational |
| Construction began | September 2007 |
| Commission date | Unit 1: October 2010
Unit 2: March 2011
Unit 3: September 2012 |
| Construction cost | 91.93 billion |
| Owners | NTPC Limited and TANGEDCO |
| Operators | NTPC Tamil Nadu Energy Company Limited |
| Thermal power station | |
| Primary fuel | Coal |
| Power generation | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Units operational | 3 x 500 megawatts (670,000 hp) |
| Nameplate capacity | 1,500 megawatts (2,000,000 hp) |
| External links | |
| Commons | Related media on Commons |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Centracanthus

abstract: Centracanthus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. There is a single extant species in this genus, as well as an extinct species classified within the genus. The extant species is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea.

text:
# Centracanthus

***Centracanthus*** is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. There is a single extant species in this genus, as well as an extinct species classified within the genus. The extant species is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea.

## Taxonomy

*Centracanthus* was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1810 by the French naturalist and polymath Constantine Samuel Rafinesque when he described *Centracanthus cirrus*, giving its type locality as Sicily. The genus was considered to be monospecific untIl a fossil species, *C. pobedinae*, from the Miocene was described from Kazakhstan in 2015. This genus is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of *Fishes of the World*. Some authorities classify this genus in the monotypic subfamily Centracanthinae, but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae. This genus and the genus *Spicara* were considered to belong to a separate family, Centracanthidae, but phylogenetic analyses resolved that the Sparidae was paraphyletic if Centracanthus and Spicara were not included within it.

## Etymology

*Centracanthus* is a combination of *centron*, meaning “point”, and *acanthus*, which means “thorn” or “spine”, this may be a reference to what Rafinesque described as two dorsal fins with “some rays or loose thorns between them and their membranes”. In fact, there is a single dorsal fin with a dip in its middle section.

## Species

There are two species classified within the genus:

## Characteristics

*Centracanthus* have strongly protrusible mouths and elongate bodies which are shallower than the length of the head and with a standard length which is 5 to 5.6 times its depth. There is a wide incision in the middle of the dorsal fin. The fossil species, *C. pobedinae* was identified by its distinctive otoliths.

## Distribution

*Centracanthus* are found in the temperate western Atlantic Ocean as far north as Portugal and south to the Canary Islands, into the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. *C. cirrus* has also been reported from Cape Verde and Mauritania.

## InfoBox

| *Centracanthus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Curled picarel (*C. cirrus*) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Spariformes |
| Family: | Sparidae |
| Genus: | *Centracanthus*
Rafinesque, 1810 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Centracanthus cirrus*
Rafinesque, 1810 | |
| Species | |
| see text | |


title: Diuris jonesii

abstract: Diuris jonesii, commonly known as Dunsborough donkey orchid, is a species of orchid that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has large, yellow, brown and mauve flowers and is found in near-coastal areas between Dunsborough and Augusta.

text:
# Diuris jonesii

***Diuris jonesii***, commonly known as **Dunsborough donkey orchid**, is a species of orchid that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has large, yellow, brown and mauve flowers and is found in near-coastal areas between Dunsborough and Augusta.

## Description

*Diuris jonesii* is a tuberous, perennial herb, usually growing to a height of 250–400 mm (10–20 in). Two or three leaves emerge at the base, each leaf 100–300 mm (4–10 in) long and 5–12 mm (0.2–0.5 in) wide. There are between two and eight yellow, mauve and brown flowers 40–50 mm (1.6–2.0 in) long and 20–35 mm (0.8–1 in) wide. The dorsal sepal is erect and the lateral sepals are narrow and hang downwards or sometimes cross each other. The petals are elongated and the labellum has spreading lateral lobes and a broad, flattened or folded centre lobe. The species is similar to the giant donkey orchid, *D. amplissima* but has smaller, less colourful flowers and a more coastal distribution. Flowering occurs from late September to October.

## Taxonomy and naming

*Diuris jonesii* was first formally described in 2013 by Christopher French and Garry Brockman from a specimen collected at Cape Naturaliste and the description was published in *Australian Orchid Review*. The specific epithet (*jonesii*) honours David Jones.

## Distribution and habitat

The Dunsborough donkey orchid grows in shrubland and woodland in near-coastal areas between Dunsborough and Augusta in the Jarrah Forest, Swan Coastal Plain and Warren biogeographic regions.

## Conservation

*Diuris magnifica* is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.

## InfoBox

| Dunsborough donkey orchid | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Diuris jonesii* growing near Ellen Brook Road in the Leeuwin-Naturaliste National Park | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
| Tribe: | Diurideae |
| Genus: | *Diuris* |
| Species: | ***D. jonesii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Diuris jonesii***<br>C.J.French & G.Brockman | |
|


title: Sofular, Çameli

abstract: Sofular is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Çameli, Denizli Province in Turkey. Its population is 266 (2022).

text:
# Sofular, Çameli

**Sofular** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Çameli, Denizli Province in Turkey. Its population is 266 (2022).

## InfoBox

| Sofular | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| SofularLocation in TurkeySofularSofular (Turkey Aegean) | |
| Coordinates: 36°59′41″N 29°19′57″E / 36.9948°N 29.3325°E / 36.9948; 29.3325 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Denizli |
| District | Çameli |
| Population (2022) | 266 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Dürnbach (Festenbach)

abstract: Dürnbach is a river of Bavaria, Germany. It is a tributary of the Festenbach.

text:
# Dürnbach (Festenbach)

**Dürnbach** is a river of Bavaria, Germany. It is a tributary of the Festenbach.

## InfoBox

| Dürnbach | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Bavaria |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Festenbach |
| coordinates | 47°46′13″N 11°44′54″E / 47.7704°N 11.7484°E / 47.7704; 11.7484 |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | FestenbachMangfallInnDanubeBlack Sea |


title: Silver Lake, Indiana

abstract: Silver Lake is a town in Lake Township, Kosciusko County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 915 at the 2010 census.

text:
# Silver Lake, Indiana

**Silver Lake** is a town in Lake Township, Kosciusko County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 915 at the 2010 census.

## History

Silver Lake was originally called Silver Lakeville, and under the latter name was platted in 1859. The community's location near Silver Lake caused the name to be selected. The post office at Silver Lake has been in operation since 1854.

The Silver Lake Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, Silver Lake has a total area of 0.531 square miles (1.38 km2), of which 0.53 square miles (1.37 km2) (or 99.81%) is land and 0.001 square miles (0.00 km2) (or 0.19%) is water.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1880 | 534 |  |  |
| 1890 | 570 |  | 6.7% |
| 1900 | 504 |  | −11.6% |
| 1910 | 493 |  | −2.2% |
| 1920 | 452 |  | −8.3% |
| 1930 | 442 |  | −2.2% |
| 1940 | 471 |  | 6.6% |
| 1950 | 472 |  | 0.2% |
| 1960 | 514 |  | 8.9% |
| 1970 | 588 |  | 14.4% |
| 1980 | 576 |  | −2.0% |
| 1990 | 528 |  | −8.3% |
| 2000 | 546 |  | 3.4% |
| 2010 | 915 |  | 67.6% |
| 2020 | 875 |  | −4.4% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 915 people, 366 households, and 244 families living in the town. The population density was 1,726.4 inhabitants per square mile (666.6/km2). There were 475 housing units at an average density of 896.2 per square mile (346.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.7% White, 0.9% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.9% of the population.

There were 366 households, of which 32.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.6% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.3% were non-families. 26.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.91.

The median age in the town was 38.1 years. 23.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.5% were from 25 to 44; 27.1% were from 45 to 64; and 13.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 46.9% male and 53.1% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 546 people, 207 households, and 156 families living in the town. The population density was 1,874.9 inhabitants per square mile (723.9/km2). There were 221 housing units at an average density of 758.9 per square mile (293.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 95.79% White, 0.37% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 2.75% from other races, and 0.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.48% of the population.

There were 207 households, out of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.9% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.6% were non-families. 18.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.3% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $33,088, and the median income for a family was $36,875. Males had a median income of $31,442 versus $21,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,561. About 9.4% of families and 12.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.5% of those under age 18 and 10.2% of those age 65 or over.

## InfoBox

| Silver Lake, Indiana | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Downtown buildings | |
| Location of Silver Lake in Kosciusko County, Indiana. | |
| Coordinates: 41°04′27″N 85°53′32″W / 41.07417°N 85.89222°W / 41.07417; -85.89222 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Indiana |
| County | Kosciusko |
| Township | Lake |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.54 sq mi (1.39 km2) |
| Land | 0.53 sq mi (1.38 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 899 ft (274 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 875 |
| Density | 1,638.58/sq mi (632.08/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 46982 |
| Area code | 260 |
| FIPS code | 18-69768 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2397664 |
| Website | http://townofsilverlake.com/ |


title: SpunOut.ie

abstract: SpunOut.ie is an Irish non-governmental organisation focused on providing online youth information. Its tagline is "by young people, for young people". The organisation's stated mission is to "help create an Ireland where young people aged between 16 and 25 are empowered with the information they need to live active, happy, and healthy lives".” SpunOut.ie is the sole project of Community Creations CLG. It was founded in Donegal town in 2004 by Ruairí McKiernan. SpunOut.ie was previously based in Ballyshannon and Galway and is now situated in Seán MacBride House in Temple Bar, Dublin.

text:
# SpunOut.ie

**SpunOut.ie** is an Irish non-governmental organisation focused on providing online youth information. Its tagline is "by young people, for young people".

The organisation's stated mission is to "help create an Ireland where young people aged between 16 and 25 are empowered with the information they need to live active, happy, and healthy lives".” SpunOut.ie is the sole project of Community Creations CLG.

It was founded in Donegal town in 2004 by Ruairí McKiernan. SpunOut.ie was previously based in Ballyshannon and Galway and is now situated in Seán MacBride House in Temple Bar, Dublin.

## Online

SpunOut.ie reaches over one million website users each year, providing thousands of pages of youth information and supportive factsheets on topics such as sexual health, mental health, politics, education and employment. The website includes true-life stories from young people who have overcome difficulties in life, hundreds of articles by young contributors on the issues that affect them, and signposting to numerous services and organisations on the island of Ireland.

SpunOut.ie also runs regular media campaigns on issues such as youth unemployment, gambling awareness, and mental health.

## Youth engagement

The overall direction and policies of SpunOut.ie are set by its Youth Action Panel, a group of more than 150 young people from across the island of Ireland divided into several regional divisions. Action Panel members act as ambassadors and role models for SpunOut.ie, set the organisation's campaigning and content priorities, and assist full-time staff team based in Dublin.

## Events and forums

SpunOut.ie organises events and forums that connect young people with decision makers, politicians and influential people. These have included the NESDO Futures Ireland Youth Forum, the Presidential Youth Forum with the 2011 Presidential Candidates, and the POSSIBILITIES 2011 social change summit (with Afri and Children in Crossfire) that featured the Dalai Lama, Mary Robinson and a programme of music, theatre, poetry and inspirational speakers.

## Media

SpunOut.ie has been featured in national media outlets in Ireland including RTÉ TV news, Nationwide, 360, iWitness, Seoige and O'Shea and TV3 news. It has been featured in the Irish Times Health Supplement and the Irish Times magazine and on RTÉ Radio's Today with Pat Kenny, Today FM's Ray D'Arcy Show amongst others.

### Advocacy

SpunOut.ie has made representations to Oireachtas (Irish parliament) committees and met the Irish President, Ministers, TDs, Senators and MEPs to advocate for youth participation in public life and adequate investment in young people.

SpunOut.ie supported a Yes vote in the 2018 Referendum on the Repeal of the Eighth Amendment.

### Outreach

SpunOut.ie visits schools, colleges and community settings to do talks and workshops on youth and civic issues. SpunOut.ie staff and volunteers also speak at youth, health, media and civic events and conferences. SpunOut.ie has published a range of publications including the 'Our Stories' journal of selected youth media, the 'Be The Revolution' social change booklet, and the 'Youth Rising' magazine, all of which have been distributed throughout Ireland.

## Awards

SpunOut.ie has won several awards including: Junior Chambers International, National Award for Social Entrepreneurship; Net Visionary Award,'Social Contribution' category; Interactive Media Award (Youth); Irish Digital Media Award; Ulster Bank Business Achievement Award; Global Young Social Entrepreneur Award (nominated); HSE Innovation Award in Communications and Technology; Social Entrepreneurs Ireland Award '06; Barnardos Young Volunteer of the Year Award. In 2012 SpunOut.ie won the Bronze Award at the Nokia Digital Media Awards in the category "Best Charity/Non Profit Use of Digital Media".

In September 2013, following a redesign of the SpunOut.ie website, SpunOut.ie won two Dot.ie Net Visionary Awards. Jason Coomey collected the "Most meticulous and cutting edge web developer (individual or agency)" and the organisation also won ""You Did Good" - Best Use of the Internet for Social Good" for its work with young people in Ireland. In 2013 SpunOut.ie also won an EU Youth Media Award for High Impact Digital Solutions in the Create your Culture! category.

1. "Ian Power".
2. "SpunOut.ie "Why We Do It"". SpunOut.ie/. 2018-09-11.
3. "Community Creations Lobbying Register Page". www.lobbying.ie/. 2018-09-18.
4. "SpunOut.ie "Our Governance"". SpunOut.ie/. 2018-09-11.
5. "SpunOut.ie "The Action Panel"". SpunOut.ie/. 2018-09-11.
6. "Video - SpunOut.ie Presidential Youth Debate". Indymedia.ie/. 2011-10-22.
7. "Dalai Lama & Richard Moore in Dublin, Ireland 2011". SpunOut. 2011-08-19.
8. "SpunOut encourages younger voters to inform themselves of Fiscal Treaty debate through series of interviews with Yes/No people (and Shane Ross)". politics.ie/. 2012-05-24.
9. "SpunOut.ie "SpunOut.ie Call for a Yes Vote"". SpunOut.ie/. 2018-05-22.
10. "Nokia Digital Media Award Winners 2012". Nokia. 2012. Archived from the original on May 4, 2012.
11. "2013 Winners Announced - IIA Dot ie Net Visionary Awards 2013". Archived from the original on 2014-01-26. Retrieved 2014-01-26.
12. "Encounter the 12 Projects of the Year! | European Youth Award". Archived from the original on 2013-10-10.

## InfoBox

SpunOut.ie
| Founded | 2004 (2004)
Ballyshannon, County Donegal, Ireland |
| --- | --- |
| Founder | Ruairí McKiernan |
| Type | Nonprofit |
| Headquarters | Seán MacBride House
48 Fleet Street
Dublin, Ireland |
| Location | * Ireland |
| Services | Youth information provision |
| Executive Director | Ian Power |
| Website | https://www.spunout.ie/ |


title: 1953 Paddington North by-election

abstract: The 1953 Paddington North by-election was held on 3 December 1953, after the resignation of the incumbent Labour MP Bill Field, who had failed to overturn a conviction for "importuning for immoral purposes". The seat was retained by the Labour candidate, Ben Parkin, a left-wing former MP for Stroud.

text:
# 1953 Paddington North by-election

The **1953 Paddington North by-election** was held on 3 December 1953, after the resignation of the incumbent Labour MP Bill Field, who had failed to overturn a conviction for "importuning for immoral purposes". The seat was retained by the Labour candidate, Ben Parkin, a left-wing former MP for Stroud.

By-election on 3 December 1953: Paddington North
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Ben Parkin** | **14,274** | **53.8** | **−1.9** |
|  | Conservative | John Eden | 12,014 | 45.3 | +1.0 |
|  | Socialist (GB) | W.E. Waters | 242 | 0.9 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 2,260 | 8.5 | −2.9 |
| Turnout | | | 26,530 | 60.3 | −20.7 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |


title: 1920 North Coast Rugby League season

abstract: The 1920 North Coast Rugby League season was the first season of rugby league football in the area that is now the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, all of the clubs having changed over from rugby union in March 1920.

text:
# 1920 North Coast Rugby League season

The **1920 North Coast Rugby League season** was the first season of rugby league football in the area that is now the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, all of the clubs having changed over from rugby union in March 1920.

## Fixtures

At a meeting of held at the Royal Hotel, Nambour, on Monday, April 19. fixtures were presented by the committee appointed to do so, and were adopted.

April 24.

* Woombye-Buderim, at Woombye.
* Nambour-Cooran, at Nambour.
* Eumundi-Palmwoods, at Eumundi.
* Yandina-Cooroy, at Yandina.
* Pomona-Mooloolah at Pomona.

May 1.

* Buderim-Eumundi. at Nambour.
* Cooran-Yandina, at Cooran.
* Nambour-Pomona at Nambour.
* Palmwoods-Woombye. at Palmwoods
* Cooroy-Mooloolah, at Cooroy.

May 8.

* Buderim-Pomona, at Nambour.
* Eumundi-Cooran, at Eumundi
* Yandina-Woombye, at Yandina
* Cooroy-Nambour, at Nambour.
* Mooloolah-Palmwoods, at Mooloolah

May 15.

* Mooloolah-Buderim,
* Woombye-Pomona, at Woombye.
* Nambour-Eumundi, at Nambour.
* Cooran-Cooroy, at Cooran.
* Palmwoods-Yandina. at Palmwoods

May 22.

* Buderim-Cooran, at Nambour.
* Yandina-Eumundi, at Yandina.
* Pomona-Palmwoods, at Pomona.
* Mooloolah-Nambour, at Mooloolah.
* Woombye-Cooroy at Woombye.

May 29.

* Nambour-Buderim at Nambour.
* Cooran-Woomhye, at Cooran.
* Cooroy-Palmwoods at Cooroy.
* Eumundi-Mooloolah. at Eumundi.
* Yandina-Pomona. at Yandina.

June 5.

* Buderim-Cooroy, at Nambour.
* Woombye-Nambour, at Woombye.
* Palmwoods-Cooran, at Palmwoods .
* Pomona-Eumundi, at Pomona.
* Mooloolah-Yandina, at Mooloolah

June 12.

* Buderim-Palmwoods. at Buderim.
* Eumundi- Woombye, al Eumundi.
* Nambour- Yandina, at Nambour.
* Cooran-Mooloolah, at Cooran.
* Pomona-Cooroy at Pomona.

June 19.

* Yandina-Buderim at Yandina.
* Cooran-Pomona, at Coonin.
* Cooroy-Eumundi, at Cooroy.
* Woombyc-Mooloolah, at Woombye.
* Palmwoods-ambour, at Palmwoods

July 3.

* Hospital Cup: Woombye-Cooroy, at Cooroy.
* Protest match: Eumundi-Nambour, at Cooroy as a curtain raiser.

## InfoBox

| 1919 North Coast Rugby League season | |
| --- | --- |
| Countries | Australia |
| Number of teams | 8 |
| Official website | |
| rlsc.com.au | |
|  | |


title: Shop Angel

abstract: Shop Angel is a 1932 American pre-Code drama film directed by E. Mason Hopper and starring Marion Shilling, Holmes Herbert and Anthony Bushell.

text:
# Shop Angel

***Shop Angel*** is a 1932 American pre-Code drama film directed by E. Mason Hopper and starring Marion Shilling, Holmes Herbert and Anthony Bushell.

## Plot

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Clifford McCarty. *Film Composers in America: A Filmography, 1911-1970*. Oxford University Press, 2000.

## InfoBox

| Shop Angel | |
| --- | --- |
| Colorized lobby card, 1932 | |
| Directed by | E. Mason Hopper |
| Written by |  |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | William Hyer |
| Edited by | Louis Sackin |
| Production<br>company | Tower Productions |
| Distributed by | Capitol Film Exchange |
| Release date | * March 6, 1932 (1932-03-06) |
| Running time | 71 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: The Master Strikes

abstract: The Master Strikes is 1980 Hong Kong comedy martial arts movie set in 1920s and 1930s China. the film was directed by Kao Pao-shu and starring Casanova Wong, Meng Yuen-Man and Ching Siu-Tung.

text:
# The Master Strikes

***The Master Strikes*** (Also known as ***Fist of Tiger*** or ***Crazy Tiger Fist***) is 1980 Hong Kong comedy martial arts movie set in 1920s and 1930s China. the film was directed by Kao Pao-shu and starring Casanova Wong, Meng Yuen-Man and Ching Siu-Tung.

## Plot

The film is set in the Qing period before Sun Yat-sen's revolt. Chen, a bodyguard, is entrusted by Lung Tung Chien to protect a rare treasure. After having a hard time to protecting the treasure (sleeping on the top to make sure the treasure is safe), he finds out it has been stolen. As a result, he becomes violently insane. The two con men Lung and Li find out about Chen and the treasure's connection, and they decide to help Chen to find the treasure in an attempt to get rich.

## Cast

## Reception

Carl Davis of DVD Talk rated it 2.5/5 stars and compared it negatively to the contemporaneous films of Jackie Chan and Sammo Hung. J. Doyle Wallis, also writing for DVD Talk, rated it 2.5/5 stars and called it "a bit of low budget, martial comedy silliness."

## InfoBox

| The Master Strikes | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 通天老虎 |
|
|  | |
| Directed by | Kao Pao-shu |
| Starring | Casanova Wong
Meng Yuen-Man
Ching Siu-Tung
Meg Lam Kin-Ming
Yen Shi-Kwan |
| Distributed by | Park Films Ltd |
| Release date | * 20 March 1980 (1980-03-20) |
| Running time | 85 minutes |
| Language | Mandarin Chinese |


title: Blackmon Peak

abstract: Blackmon Peak, also known as Blackman Peak, at 10,302 feet (3,140 m) above sea level is a peak in the White Cloud Mountains of Idaho. The peak is located in Sawtooth National Recreation Area in Custer County 2.11 mi (3.40 km) from Castle Peak, its line parent. It is named for George Blackmon (b.1854), freed slave and mining pioneer.

text:
# Blackmon Peak

**Blackmon Peak**, also known as **Blackman Peak**, at 10,302 feet (3,140 m) above sea level is a peak in the White Cloud Mountains of Idaho. The peak is located in Sawtooth National Recreation Area in Custer County 2.11 mi (3.40 km) from Castle Peak, its line parent. It is named for George Blackmon (b.1854), freed slave and mining pioneer.

## InfoBox

| Blackmon Peak | |
| --- | --- |
| The light colored peak on the distant ridge. | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 10,302 ft (3,140 m) |
| Prominence | 400 ft (120 m) |
| Parent peak | Castle Peak |
| Coordinates | 44°03′29″N 114°39′09″W / 44.0580935°N 114.6525264°W / 44.0580935; -114.6525264 |
| Geography | |
| Blackmon PeakCuster County, Idaho, U.S. | |
| Parent range | White Cloud Mountains |
| Topo map | USGS Washington Peak |
| Climbing | |
| Easiest route | Simple scrambling, class 2 |


title: Sofular, Tavas

abstract: Sofular is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Tavas, Denizli Province in Turkey. Its population is 405 (2022).

text:
# Sofular, Tavas

**Sofular** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Tavas, Denizli Province in Turkey. Its population is 405 (2022).

## InfoBox

| Sofular | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| SofularLocation in TurkeySofularSofular (Turkey Aegean) | |
| Coordinates: 37°34′0″N 28°52′29″E / 37.56667°N 28.87472°E / 37.56667; 28.87472 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Denizli |
| District | Tavas |
| Population (2022) | 405 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Silvia Hunte

abstract: Silvia Hunte Zambrano is a Panamanian sprinter. She competed in the women's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1960 Summer Olympics. She finished second in the 1959 Pan American Games 4 × 100 metres relay.

text:
# Silvia Hunte

**Silvia Hunte Zambrano** (born 14 April 1938) is a Panamanian sprinter. She competed in the women's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1960 Summer Olympics. She finished second in the 1959 Pan American Games 4 × 100 metres relay (with Carlota Gooden, Jean Holmes-Mitchell, and Marcela Daniel).

## InfoBox

Silvia Hunte
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1938-04-14) 14 April 1938<br>Panama City, Panama |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Sprinting |
| Event | 4 × 100 metres relay |


title: Smoky Hill High School

abstract: Smoky Hill High School, commonly Smoky or SHHS, is located in Aurora, Colorado, United States. It has an attendance of 2,133. Smoky Hill is part of the Cherry Creek School District and was the second high school built by the district in 1974. The name originates from the Smoky Hill Trail, a historic trail stretching from Kansas to Denver. The trail is also the namesake of Smoky Hill Road, where the school is located.

text:
# Smoky Hill High School

**Smoky Hill High School**, commonly **Smoky** or **SHHS**, is located in Aurora, Colorado, United States. It has an attendance of 2,133. Smoky Hill is part of the Cherry Creek School District and was the second high school built by the district in 1974.

The name originates from the Smoky Hill Trail, a historic trail stretching from Kansas to Denver. The trail is also the namesake of Smoky Hill Road, where the school is located.

## Curriculum

In 1991, Smoky Hill became the second high school in Colorado to offer the International Baccalaureate Program. Since then, Smoky Hill has consistently been recognized in *Newsweek*'s nationwide list of excellent high schools. Additionally, in 2006, Smoky Hill's AVID program was the sole school in the AVID Western Division to receive recognition as a National Demonstration School with Distinction. Smoky Hill also strongly supports the Advanced Placement program, offering a total of nineteen AP classes.

## Renovations

In the summer of 2010, the Cherry Creek School District initiated renovations to enhance the overall functionality of the building. These renovations included enlarging the windows, completely reconstructing the pool area, installing new carpet, and modernizing the general aesthetics of the school to align with contemporary design styles. All renovations were finished before the start of the 2010–2011 academic year, with the exception of the pool area, which was completed during the first quarter of the school year.

## Athletics

Smoky Hill High School is part of the eight-team Centennial League that also includes Cherry Creek, Grandview, Arapahoe, Cherokee Trail, Eaglecrest, Mullen, and Overland high schools.

### Track and field

In 1992, Smoky Hill won its first state championship in track. Their first State Championship was in football in the 1970's. They also had a three-time state championship run during 2003–2005.

## International Baccalaureate (IB)

In 1991, Smoky Hill became the second International Baccalaureate Diploma School established in the state of Colorado.

The International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme (DP) is an educational programme examined in one of three languages (English, French or Spanish) and is a leading university entrance course.

The programme, administered by the International Baccalaureate Organization, is a recognized pre-university educational programme. Students take six subjects, and must also pass three extra requirements, for example Theory of Knowledge (ToK), a 4000-word Extended Essay (EE), and a requirement of at least a total of 150 hours in CAS (Creative, Action, Service).

Smoky Hill boasts its ability to offer one of the newer tests in the International Baccalaureate Programme, Digital Media Studies. 2009 was the first year that students tested in both the Higher Level and Standard Level of the test.

## Demographics

* 39.8% – White
* 27.6% – Hispanic
* 17.8% – African American
* 7.4% – Two or more races
* 6.3% – Asian American
* 0.7% – Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
* 0.6% – American Indian/Alaska Native

* 52% – Male
* 48% – Female
* 31% – Free and Reduced Lunch

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

| Smoky Hill High School | |
| --- | --- |
| The Smoky Hill High School logo, is a reproduction of the Buffalo Sabres logo used from 1996 to 2006. | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 16100 East Smoky Hill Road
Aurora, Colorado 80015
United States | |
| Coordinates | 39°37′40″N 104°47′59″W / 39.62787°N 104.79960°W / 39.62787; -104.79960 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public |
| Motto | *Home of the Buffs* |
| Established | 1974 (1974) |
| School district | Cherry Creek School District |
| CEEB code | 060452 |
| Principal | Andre Bala |
| Teaching staff | 118.37 (FTE) |
| Grades | 9–12 |
| Enrollment | 2,252 (2022-2023) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 19.03 |
| Color(s) | Forest green and scarlet
 |
| Athletics | 5A |
| Athletics conference | Centennial League |
| Mascot | Buffalo |
| Nickname | Buffs |
| Website | www.cherrycreekschools.org/smokyhill |
|  | |


title: Spun Gold

abstract: Spun Gold is the thirteenth solo studio album by American country music artist Barbara Mandrell. The album was released in July 1983 on MCA Records and was produced by Tom Collins. Spun Gold produced two major hit singles on the Billboard Country Singles chart in 1983.

text:
# Spun Gold

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Spun Gold*** is the thirteenth solo studio album by American country music artist Barbara Mandrell. The album was released in July 1983 on MCA Records and was produced by Tom Collins. *Spun Gold* produced two major hit singles on the *Billboard* Country Singles chart in 1983.

## Background and content

*Spun Gold* was recorded in February 1983 in Nashville, Tennessee and contained ten tracks of new recordings. The album mainly consisted of country pop-influenced material mixed with song themes that discuss the hardships of working-class people. It included a duet with country artist Steve Wariner entitled "Overnight Sensation". *Allmusic* reviewer Greg Adams compared background guitar on the track "In Times Like These" to the guitar "riff" on Ike & Tina Turner's single, "Proud Mary". He also considered the single, "One of a Kind Pair of Fools" to have a "strong hook and pure pop production". Overall, Adams only gave the release two out five stars, calling the material "disco-era glitz". Adams also found the album's cover to be displeasing saying, "Meanwhile, Mandrell is decked out on the album cover like a high-fashion model in gold lame'. Dolly Parton has always been able to negotiate these kinds of apparent contradictions, but Mandrell does not have the same gift."

*Spun Gold* was issued on an LP album in its original release, with five songs on each side of the record.

## Release

*Spun Gold* spawned two singles in 1983. The lead single from the album was the opening track "In Times Like These". The song was released to radio in March 1983 and reached a peak of number 4 on the *Billboard Magazine* Hot Country Songs chart and number 6 on the *RPM* Canadian Country chart. The second single "One of a Kind (A Pair of Fools)" was released in July 1983 and became Mandrell's final number 1 single on the *Billboard* Country Singles Chart and also reached the same position on the Canadian *RPM* Country Tracks chart. *Spun Gold* was also released in 1983 and peaked at number 5 on the *Billboard* Top Country Albums chart and number 140 on the *Billboard* 200 albums chart.

## Track listing

**Side one**

1. "In Times Like These" (Kye Fleming, Dennis Morgan) – 2:58
2. "As Well As Can Be Expected" (Fleming, Morgan) – 3:23
3. "One of a Kind Pair of Fools" (R. C. Bannon, John Bettis) – 2:48
4. "Only Now and Then" (Don Pfrimmer, Mike Reid) – 3:22
5. "You Are No Angel" (Roberto Danova, Grant Blair) – 2:57

**Side two**

1. "A Man's Not a Man ('Til He's Loved by a Woman)" (Steve Dean, Frank J. Myers) – 3:15
2. "Overnight Sensation" (Jerry Fuller) – 3:16
3. "Loveless" (Fleming, Morgan) – 3:07
4. "Bad Boys" (Diane Warren) – 2:54
5. "Cryin' All the Way to the Bank" (Fleming, Morgan) – 3:35

## Personnel

From *Spun Gold* album jacket.

**Musicians**

**Background vocals**

* Steve Brantley
* Robert Byrne
* The Cherry Sisters (Sherry Huffman, Lisa Silver, and Diane Tidwell)
* Pat Childs
* Bruce Dees
* Jim Ferguson
* Greg Gordin
* Larry Keith
* Mary Ann Lomax

**Technical**

* Tom Collins – producer
* Tim Farmer – engineer
* Archie Jordan – string arrangement
* Les Ladd – engineer
* Barbara Mandrell – producer
* Denny Purcell – mastering
* D. Bergen White – string arrangement

## Charts

### Weekly charts

| Chart (1983) | Peak
position
 |
| --- | --- |
| U.S. *Top Country Albums* | 5 |
| U.S. *Billboard* 200 | 140 |
|

### Singles

| Year | Song | Chart positions | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US Country | CAN Country |
| 1983 | "In Times Like These" | 4 | 6 |
| | "One of a Kind Pair of Fools" | 1 | 1 |
|

## InfoBox

| Spun Gold | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Barbara Mandrell | |
| Released | July 29, 1983 |
| Recorded | February 1983 (Nashville, TN) |
| Genre | Country pop |
| Length | 31:35 |
| Label | MCA |
| Producer | Tom Collins |
| Barbara Mandrell chronology | |
| *He Set My Life to Music*
(1982) ***Spun Gold***
(1983) *Clean Cut*
(1984) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Spun Gold* | |
| 1. "In Times Like These"
Released: April 2, 1983 2. "One of a Kind Pair of Fools"
Released: August 8, 1983 | |
|  | |


title: 1953 Ottawa Rough Riders season

abstract: The 1953 Ottawa Rough Riders finished in third place in the IRFU with a 7–7 record and failed to qualify for the playoffs.

text:
# 1953 Ottawa Rough Riders season

The **1953 Ottawa Rough Riders** finished in third place in the IRFU with a 7–7 record and failed to qualify for the playoffs.

## Preseason

| **Week** | **Date** | **Opponent** | **Result** | **Record** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| A | Aug 15 | at Winnipeg Blue Bombers | L 11–18 | 0–1 |
| A | Aug 17 | at Edmonton Eskimos | L 9–12 | 0–2 |

## Regular season

### Standings

**Interprovincial Rugby Football Union**
| Team | GP | W | L | T | PF | PA | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Montreal Alouettes** | 14 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 292 | 229 | 16 |
| **Hamilton Tiger-Cats** | 14 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 229 | 243 | 16 |
| Ottawa Rough Riders | 14 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 266 | 238 | 14 |
| Toronto Argonauts | 14 | 5 | 9 | 0 | 172 | 249 | 10 |

### Schedule

| **Week** | **Game** | **Date** | **Opponent** | **Result** | **Record** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | Aug 29 | at Hamilton Tiger-Cats | L 10–14 | 0–1 |
| 2 | 2 | Sept 5 | vs. Montreal Alouettes | W 26–6 | 1–1 |
| 3 | 3 | Sept 12 | at Toronto Argonauts | W 20–16 | 2–1 |
| 4 | 4 | Sept 16 | vs. Montreal Alouettes | W 22–13 | 3–1 |
| 4 | 4 | Sept 20 | at Montreal Alouettes | L 21–37 | 3–2 |
| 5 | 6 | Sept 26 | vs. Toronto Argonauts | L 17–18 | 3–3 |
| 6 | 7 | Oct 3 | vs. Hamilton Tiger-Cats | W 31–6 | 4–3 |
| 7 | 8 | Oct 10 | vs. Montreal Alouettes | L 6–24 | 4–4 |
| 7 | 9 | Oct 11 | at Montreal Alouettes | L 18–26 | 4–5 |
| 8 | 10 | Oct 17 | vs. Hamilton Tiger-Cats | L 24–33 | 4–6 |
| 9 | 11 | Oct 25 | at Montreal Alouettes | W 30–15 | 5–6 |
| 10 | 12 | Oct 31 | at Toronto Argonauts | W 20–8 | 6–6 |
| 11 | 13 | Nov 7 | vs. Toronto Argonauts | W 13–4 | 7–6 |
| 12 | 14 | Nov 14 | at Hamilton Tiger-Cats | L 8–18 | 7–7 |

## InfoBox

| 1953 Ottawa Rough Riders season | |
| --- | --- |
| Head coach | Clem Crowe |
| Home field | Lansdowne Park |
| Results | |
| Record | **7–7** |
| Division place | **3rd, IRFU** |
| Playoff finish | *Did not qualify* |
|


title: 1920 Nicaraguan general election

abstract: General elections were held in Nicaragua on 3 October 1920 to elect a President, half of the Deputies and one-third of the Senators of the National Congress. By 1920, the State Department believed that electoral competition between Liberals and Conservatives without direct U.S. occupation would provide a better basis for political stability and the long-term protection of U.S. economic interests". During the four years following the 1916 elections, the Liberals criticized the Department of State for its support of an electoral machinery that tended to perpetuate the power of the Conservatives who controlled it. The Liberals claimed that since the elections were manipulated to their disadvantage and since the United States would not countenance revolution, it was impossible for them ever to secure control of the Government. Early in 1920 the Department of State suggested that the Nicaraguan Government invite someone to make a study of the electoral system and suggest possible revisions therein. President Emiliano Chamorro Vargas replied that it was inopportune to make any changes, since the existing electoral law amply provided for free elections and the proximity of the elections would not permit a thorough study. The Liberals, who attracted various dissatisfied elements, led a formidable opposition to the Conservatives under the name of the Coalition Party. With the disaffection in the Conservative ranks, the likelihood of the Coalitionists winning the elections became a real possibility if fair and free elections were held. The preelection period was a turbulent one. The Coalitionists demanded that all eligible voters should have the right of casting the ballots regardless of whether or not they were inscribed on the official catalogues. At the suggestion of the Department of State, President Emiliano Chamorro Vargas granted two additional days for registration. Thousands were unable to register. The Government imprisoned many of the Coalition leaders. Just before the elections, President Emiliano Chamorro Vargas decreed that all citizens should be allowed to cast a ballot whether inscribed or not, and that when the votes were counted there should be rejected the ballots of all citizens whose names did not appear on the official catalogues, not only of that of 1920 but of all prior years. The liberals did participate in the 1920 elections, but the backing of the United States and a fraudulent vote count assured the election of Emiliano Chamorro Vargas's uncle, Diego Manuel Chamorro. The 1920 elections had the benefit of an American observer, Major Jesse I. Miller, who was sent by the State Department. The Major concluded that there had been much fraud and improper use of government power. He made a study of the registration books and concluded that the lists "were enormously padded". Miller also learned that neither party took the results seriously because "neither thought that the election was decided until the State Department had passed on it".

text:
# 1920 Nicaraguan general election

General elections were held in Nicaragua on 3 October 1920 to elect a President, half of the Deputies and one-third of the Senators of the National Congress.

By 1920, the State Department believed that electoral competition between Liberals and Conservatives without direct U.S. occupation would provide a better basis for political stability and the long-term protection of U.S. economic interests".

During the four years following the 1916 elections, the Liberals criticized the Department of State for its support of an electoral machinery that tended to perpetuate the power of the Conservatives who controlled it. The Liberals claimed that since the elections were manipulated to their disadvantage and since the United States would not countenance revolution, it was impossible for them ever to secure control of the Government. Early in 1920 the Department of State suggested that the Nicaraguan Government invite someone to make a study of the electoral system and suggest possible revisions therein. President Emiliano Chamorro Vargas replied that it was inopportune to make any changes, since the existing electoral law amply provided for free elections and the proximity of the elections would not permit a thorough study.

> The Liberals, who attracted various dissatisfied elements, led a formidable opposition to the Conservatives under the name of the Coalition Party. With the disaffection in the Conservative ranks, the likelihood of the Coalitionists winning the elections became a real possibility if fair and free elections were held. The preelection period was a turbulent one. The Coalitionists demanded that all eligible voters should have the right of casting the ballots regardless of whether or not they were inscribed on the official catalogues. At the suggestion of the Department of State, President Emiliano Chamorro Vargas granted two additional days for registration. Thousands were unable to register. The Government imprisoned many of the Coalition leaders. Just before the elections, President Emiliano Chamorro Vargas decreed that all citizens should be allowed to cast a ballot whether inscribed or not, and that when the votes were counted there should be rejected the ballots of all citizens whose names did not appear on the official catalogues, not only of that of 1920 but of all prior years.

The liberals did participate in the 1920 elections, but the backing of the United States and a fraudulent vote count assured the election of Emiliano Chamorro Vargas's uncle, Diego Manuel Chamorro.

The 1920 elections had the benefit of an American observer, Major Jesse I. Miller, who was sent by the State Department.

> The Major concluded that there had been much fraud and improper use of government power. He made a study of the registration books and concluded that the lists "were enormously padded". Miller also learned that neither party took the results seriously because "neither thought that the election was decided until the State Department had passed on it".

## Results

### President

| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Diego Manuel Chamorro | Conservative Party | 66,974 | 74.06 |
|  | José Esteban González | Liberal PartyProgressive Conservative Party | 22,519 | 24.90 |
|  | José Andrés Urtecho | Conservative Party-dissident | 940 | 1.04 |
| Total | | | 90,433 | 100.00 |
|  | | | | |
| Source: Nohlen | | | | |

## Bibliography

* Barquero, Sara L. Gobernantes de Nicaragua, 1825–1947. Managua: Publicaciones del Ministerio de Instrucción Pública. Second edition. 1945.
* Elections in the Americas A Data Handbook Volume 1. North America, Central America, and the Caribbean. Edited by Dieter Nohlen. 2005.
* MacRenato, Ternot. Somoza: seizure of power, 1926–1939. La Jolla: University of California, San Diego. 1991.
* Merrill, Tim L., Nicaragua : a country study. Washington: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. 1994.
* Smith, Hazel. Nicaragua: self-determination and survival. London : Pluto Press. 1993.
* United States . Department of State. The United States and Nicaragua: a survey of the relations from 1909 to 1932. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1932.
* Vargas, Oscar-René. Elecciones presidenciales en Nicaragua, 1912-1932: análisis socio-político. Managua: Fundación Manolo Morales. 1989.