title: Rue Nicolas-Appert

abstract: The Rue Nicolas-Appert is a street in the 11th arrondissement of Paris, France.

text:
# Rue Nicolas-Appert

The **Rue Nicolas-Appert** is a street in the 11th arrondissement of Paris, France.

## Location

The street is located in the Saint-Ambroise neighbourhood of the 11th arrondissement of Paris. It starts at the Passage Sainte-Anne Popincourt and runs all the way to the Rue Pelée. It is 137 metres (449 ft) long and 15 metres (49 ft) wide.

## History

It was constructed in 1985 and named in honor of Nicolas Appert (1749-1841), a French businessman who invented airtight food preservation.

The Comédie Bastille, a theatre, is located at no. 5.

On 7 January 2015, the offices of the satirical weekly newspaper *Charlie Hebdo* at 10 rue Nicolas-Appert were attacked by Islamist terrorists. A commemorative plaque on the building records the names of eleven of the twelve people who were killed there. *Charlie Hebdo* has since moved. In September 2020, there was a stabbing attack outside of the former headquarters of *Charlie Hebdo*.

48°51′32″N 2°22′13″E / 48.8590°N 2.3703°E / 48.8590; 2.3703

## InfoBox

Rue Nicolas-Appert
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Paris, France |
| From | Passage Sainte-Anne Popincourt |
| To | Rue Pelée |


title: Rocky Mountain Mystery

abstract: Rocky Mountain Mystery is a 1935 American Western film directed by Charles Barton and starring Randolph Scott, Mrs. Leslie Carter, and Ann Sheridan. Based on an unpublished novel Golden Dreams by Zane Grey, the film is about a mining engineer who teams up with a crusty deputy sheriff to solve a series of mystery killings at an old radium mine where the owner's family waits for his death for their inheritance. The film was re-released under the title The Fighting Westerner.

text:
# Rocky Mountain Mystery

***Rocky Mountain Mystery*** is a 1935 American Western film directed by Charles Barton and starring Randolph Scott, Mrs. Leslie Carter, and Ann Sheridan. Based on an unpublished novel *Golden Dreams* by Zane Grey, the film is about a mining engineer who teams up with a crusty deputy sheriff to solve a series of mystery killings at an old radium mine where the owner's family waits for his death for their inheritance. The film was re-released under the title **The Fighting Westerner**.

## Plot

Mining engineer Larry Sutton arrives at the Ballard radium mine to take over as chief engineer from his missing brother-in-law Jack Parson, who is a suspect in the murder of ranch caretaker Adolph Borg. Sutton teams up with deputy sheriff Tex Murdock who is investigating the murder. Staying at the ranch with the ailing owner, Jim Ballard, are his niece Flora and nephew Fritz who have been notified of their uncle's failing health, and now wait to inherit his legacy. Also staying at the ranch is a mysterious Chinese servant named Ling Yat, the housekeeper Mrs. Borg, her son John, and the beautiful and spirited Rita Ballard, another niece, who quickly earns Sutton's trust and romantic interest.

Shortly after Sutton arrives, Fritz is murdered by a mysterious cloaked figure in the same manner that Adolph was killed—crushed beneath the massive weight of a stamp mill, a huge apparatus used to pulverize rock to unearth valuable ore. Sutton and Tex find that the ranch guests all have alibis. Soon the mysterious cloaked figure strikes again, shooting young John, attacking Sutton, and slashing Flora's throat. While the investigation continues, Jim takes a turn for the worse, prompting Sutton to contact Jim's ex-wife, who hasn't been to the ranch in thirty years.

When Mrs. Ballard arrives at the ranch, Mrs. Borg tries to prevent her from seeing her ailing ex-husband. Sutton helps her upstairs where they discover that "Jim" is actually Adolph Borg. He and his wife had killed the real Jim Ballard sometime earlier during a takeover attempt by the Borg family. Adolph tricks Sutton and escapes, taking Rita as a hostage. Sutton follows them to the mine where he fights with Adolph and John. Adolph falls to his death and Sutton rescues Rita. Mrs. Borg, John, and Ling Yat are sentenced to twenty years in prison, and Tex is made sheriff. Larry and Rita get married and buy a ranch in Hawaii.

## Cast

## Production

*Rocky Mountain Mystery* was filmed on location at the Doble mine and at the stamping mill on Gold Mountain at Big Bear Lake, Big Bear Valley, California. The film's sets were designed by the art director David S. Garber. Based on an unpublished novel *Golden Dreams* by Zane Grey, the film's original working title was *The Vanishing Pioneer*. The film was later re-released under the title *The Fighting Westerner*.

## Reception

In his review for *DVD Talk*, Carl Davis noted the film's uniqueness in its "modern bent for being a western". Set shortly after World War I, the story incorporates automobiles, telephones, and even a modern radium mine that "set the film apart and add depth to this typical, by-the-numbers mystery". Davis concludes, "*The Fighting Westerner* really is a mystery, and a 'fair play' one at that. Enough clues are given so that if the audience pays attention, they can figure out the answer well before the final reel".

## InfoBox

| Rocky Mountain Mystery | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Charles Barton |
| Screenplay by |  |
| Based on | *Golden Dreams*
by Zane Grey |
| Produced by | Harold Hurley |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Archie Stout |
| Edited by | Jack Dennis |
| Music by | Rudolph G. Kopp |
| Production
company | Paramount Pictures |
| Distributed by | Paramount Pictures |
| Release date | * March 1, 1935 (1935-03-01) (USA) |
| Running time | 63 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Tíminn

abstract: Tíminn was an Icelandic daily newspaper founded in 1917. It had close ties with the Icelandic Progressive Party but after years of financial difficulties, the party severed all ties with the paper in 1993. It merged with the newspaper Dagur in 1996, becoming Dagur-Tíminn. Its last edition came out on 28 August 1996.

text:
# Tíminn

***Tíminn*** (transl.The Time) was an Icelandic daily newspaper founded in 1917. It had close ties with the Icelandic Progressive Party but after years of financial difficulties, the party severed all ties with the paper in 1993.

It merged with the newspaper *Dagur* in 1996, becoming *Dagur-Tíminn*. Its last edition came out on 28 August 1996.

## InfoBox

Tíminn
| Type | Daily newspaper |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1917 |
| Language | Icelandic |
| Ceased publication | 1996 |
| Country | Iceland |
| ISSN | 1670-0880 |
| Free online archives | timarit.is |
|  | |


title: Samagamam

abstract: Samaagamam is a 1993 Indian Malayalam film, directed by George Kithu and produced by Babu Thiruvalla. The film stars Jayaram, Rohini, Sukumari and Thilakan in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Johnson.

text:
# Samagamam

***Samaagamam*** is a 1993 Indian Malayalam film, directed by George Kithu and produced by Babu Thiruvalla. The film stars Jayaram, Rohini, Sukumari and Thilakan in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Johnson.

## Plot

Skaria is a plantation owner and has other businesses. Skaria and Annakutty has a daughter Elsamma. She is a college student and her father has high hopes about Elsamma. A new sports coach, Johnson comes to the college and she falls in love with him. When Skaria learns about it Skaria makes arrangements for his daughter's marriage to someone of his choice before things get worse. Meanwhile, a close friend of the family and a lecturer at the college, a priest, Fr. Puthentara betrays Skaria's friendship and helps Johnson and Elsamma to get married. Soon after that he leaves the place for higher studies. Both Johnson and Elsamma move to Chennai. Skaria becomes further depressed. Slowly Annakutty falls ill and is bedridden and she wishes to see her daughter. Skaria is confident that he will be able to take care of her and the medications will cure her but when he finds that the medication is useless, he asks if she wants to meet Elsamma. However, the morning after he contacts his daughter Annakutty passes away in her sleep. Elsamma arrives with her son Renji.. Annakutty's funeral is done. Renji and Skaria quickly become friends. Before Elsamma and Renji leave for Chennai, he tells Renji that Renji should bring his father Johnson too when they come the next time. Elsamma reveals that her husband died three years earlier and that she is employed in his office. Skaria is shocked and asks why she did not return home. She says it's because of a promise she made to her husband that since her father was not in favour of her marrying Johnson Renji should not be brought up in her father's house. After his daughter leaves for the train station, he goes there and asks if he can live with her and his grandson so that she need not break the promise she made to her late husband before he died. Skaria leaves with his grandson and Elsamma to Chennai.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Johnson.

| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics | Length (m:ss) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Manjum Nilaavum" | K. J. Yesudas, Chorus | O. N. V. Kurup |  |
| 2 | "Paadippokaam" | S. Janaki, Johnson | O. N. V. Kurup |  |
| 3 | "Vaazhthidunnithaa" | S. Janaki | O. N. V. Kurup |  |
| 4 | "Vaazhthidunnithaa" (bit) | S. Janaki, C. O. Anto | O. N. V. Kurup |  |

## InfoBox

| Samaagamam | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | George Kithu |
| Written by | John Paul |
| Screenplay by | John Paul |
| Produced by | Babu Thiruvalla |
| Starring | Jayaram
Rohini
Sukumari
Thilakan |
| Cinematography | K. P. Nambiathiri |
| Edited by | N. P. Satheesh |
| Music by | Johnson |
| Production
company | Symphony Creations |
| Distributed by | Symphony Creations |
| Release date | * 1993 (1993) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Malayalam |


title: Cornelis Felix van Maanen

abstract: Cornelis Felix van Maanen was a Dutch minister and jurist. Van Maanen was born in The Hague. He studied law in Leiden, and entered legal practice in The Hague, where he later became a general prosecutor. He rose to prominence under the French-dominated Kingdom of Holland, being appointed Minister of Justice in 1806 by Louis Bonaparte, and to the Council of State and as head of the Court of Appeals in The Hague in 1810 by Napoleon. He adapted to the changing political circumstances well, however, and was again appointed Minister of Justice in 1815 by King William of the new United Kingdom of the Netherlands. Along with de Nagell, he was a signatory of the Treaty of The Hague (1818), by which the British and Dutch established the Anglo-Dutch Mixed Commission Courts. He was active in promoting the Dutch language in Belgium and advising the King against giving concessions in the turmoil that led to the Belgian Revolution. He left office in 1842, following the abdication of King William.

text:
# Cornelis Felix van Maanen

**Cornelis Felix van Maanen** (September 9, 1769 – February 14, 1849) was a Dutch minister and jurist.

Van Maanen was born in The Hague. He studied law in Leiden, and entered legal practice in The Hague, where he later became a general prosecutor. He rose to prominence under the French-dominated Kingdom of Holland, being appointed Minister of Justice in 1806 by Louis Bonaparte, and to the Council of State and as head of the Court of Appeals in The Hague in 1810 by Napoleon. He adapted to the changing political circumstances well, however, and was again appointed Minister of Justice in 1815 by King William of the new United Kingdom of the Netherlands. Along with de Nagell, he was a signatory of the Treaty of The Hague (1818), by which the British and Dutch established the Anglo-Dutch Mixed Commission Courts. He was active in promoting the Dutch language in Belgium and advising the King against giving concessions in the turmoil that led to the Belgian Revolution. He left office in 1842, following the abdication of King William.


title: Ernie Barrett

abstract: Ernie Drew "Black Jack" Barrett was an American professional basketball player for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Kansas State Wildcats. He was selected by the Celtics in the first round of the 1951 NBA draft with the seventh overall pick.

text:
# Ernie Barrett

**Ernie Drew "Black Jack" Barrett** (August 27, 1929 – April 21, 2023) was an American professional basketball player for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Kansas State Wildcats. He was selected by the Celtics in the first round of the 1951 NBA draft with the seventh overall pick.

## College and professional career

Barrett was recruited by coaches including, Phog Allen and Henry Iba, but he chose to attend Kansas State University to play for Jack Gardner and Tex Winter in 1947.

Barrett led the Wildcats to the national championship game in 1951. He suffered a shoulder injury in the semi-finals against Oklahoma A&M, and his injury heavily impacted the Wildcats, who lost in the title game.

Barrett was selected by the Boston Celtics in the 1st round (7th pick overall) of the 1951 NBA draft and played for the Celtics (1953–54, 1955–56) in the NBA for 131 games.

## Personal life and death

A local restaurant, is named Mr. K's in Barrett's honor. He helped raise money for many athletic facilities that are still in use. He has a statue, which depicts him extending his right arm for a handshake.

Barrett died in Manhattan, Kansas, on April 21, 2023, at the age of 93.

## Career statistics

Legend
| GP | Games played | GS | Games started | MPG | Minutes per game |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| FG% | Field goal percentage | 3P% | 3-point field goal percentage | FT% | Free throw percentage |
| RPG | Rebounds per game | APG | Assists per game | SPG | Steals per game |
| BPG | Blocks per game | PPG | Points per game | **Bold** | Career high |

### NBA

Source

#### Regular season

| Year | Team | GP | MPG | FG% | FT% | RPG | APG | PPG |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1953–54 | Boston | 59 | 10.9 | .314 | .560 | 1.7 | .9 | 2.3 |
| 1955–56 | Boston | **72** | **20.2** | **.388** | **.788** | **3.4** | **2.4** | **7.0** |
| Career | | 131 | 16.0 | .369 | .748 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 4.9 |

#### Playoffs

| Year | Team | GP | MPG | FG% | FT% | RPG | APG | PPG |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1954 | Boston | **6** | 10.5 | .150 | **1.000** | 1.0 | .7 | 1.3 |
| 1956 | Boston | 3 | **14.3** | **.308** | **1.000** | **2.3** | **1.3** | **3.7** |
| Career | | 9 | 11.8 | .212 | 1.000 | 1.4 | .9 | 2.1 |

1. "The man, the myth, the handshake: Mr. K-State still going strong at 89". *kansas.com*. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
2. "K-State Mourns the Passing of Mr. K-State Ernie Barrett". K State Sports. April 21, 2023. Retrieved April 21, 2023.
3. "Ernie Barrett NBA stats". *Basketball Reference*. Sports Reference, LLC. Retrieved September 26, 2023.

## InfoBox

Ernie Barrett
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1929-08-27)August 27, 1929
Pratt, Kansas, U.S. |
| Died | April 21, 2023(2023-04-21) (aged 93)
Manhattan, Kansas, U.S. |
| Listed height | 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) |
| Listed weight | 180 lb (82 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school | Wellington (Wellington, Kansas) |
| College | Kansas State (1948–1951) |
| NBA draft | 1951: 1st round, 7th overall pick |
| Selected by the Boston Celtics | |
| Playing career | 1951–1956 |
| Position | Forward / guard |
| Number | 23 |
| Career history | |
| 1953–1954,
1955–1956 | Boston Celtics |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NBA statistics | |
| Points | 641 (4.9 ppg) |
| Rebounds | 343 (2.6 rpg) |
| Assists | 229 (1.7 apg) |
|  | |
| Stats  at NBA.com | |
| Stats  at Basketball-Reference.com | |


title: Erik Djurström

abstract: Erik Wilhelm Djurström was a Swedish stage actor. He was the director of the travelling Djurström theater company, which was one of the best known in the first half of the nineteenth century.

text:
# Erik Djurström

**Erik Wilhelm Djurström** (né **Strandberg**; 22 February 1787, Stockholm – 17 September 1841, Jönköping) was a Swedish stage actor. He was the director of the travelling Djurström theater company, which was one of the best known in the first half of the nineteenth century.

## Biography

Erik Djurström was the son of the lawspeaker Erik Vilhelm Strandberg, and given a good education. In 1807, he was engaged as an actor at the *Djurgårdsteatern* in Stockholm, upon which he took the name Djurström. After his debut he toured Sweden as a member of the theater company of Fredrik Wilhelm Ståhlberg, and from 1819 his Stålberg's widow Fredrika Gustafva Ståhlberg.

Upon the death of his employer director Fredrika Gustafva Ståhlberg in 1824, he took over the theater company as its director. The Djurström theater company was regarded as the perhaps most prestigious of the travelling theaters in Sweden of its time, and held a high artistic standard compared to the others in the yes of several contemporary critics. Erik Djurström was described as an intelligent artist with refined manner and good taste who translated many foreign plays to Swedish and introduced them on the Swedish stage, and has been referred to as the most noted theater director in Sweden of his time.

He was described as passionate but tolerant and was well liked as an employer for not interfering in his actors' private lives. As an example of his tolerance, it was noted that he did not interfere in the fact that his lead female singer Angelique Magito lived with and had children with one of the actors without being married to him, something that was not a given thing during this epoch. He was also given unusual respect in a time when the acting profession had a low social status: it was said that every time his theater company arrived to a town, he was invited to dine with professors and officials and held receptions behind the stage.

Erik Djurström was first married to the dancer Charlotta Strandberg, and second to his lead actress Charlotta Djurström, who succeeded him as director.


title: Eric N. Shook

abstract: Eric Nelson Shook is a game designer.

text:
# Eric N. Shook

**Eric Nelson Shook** is a game designer.

## Career

Eric Shook is a graphic designer and an author. Shook was a longtime friend of Gary Gygax, and began with TSR in the Dungeon Hobby Shop. When Gygax was expanding Greyhawk in the early 1980s, he brought Shook and Rob Kuntz in to help him manage the project. Shook was involved in working on *The Forgotten Temple of Tharizdun* (1982) with Gygax and Kuntz.

Shook was later the Vice President of Kuntz's Pied Piper Publishing.

## InfoBox

| Eric Shook | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Game designer |


title: Erland Dahlen

abstract: Erland Dahlen is a Norwegian drummer and percussionist. He is a member of several bands in the elektronika/jazz/experimental music genre, like "HET", "Boschamaz", "Kiruna", "Morris" and "Piston Ltd."

text:
# Erland Dahlen

**Erland Dahlen** (born 15 May 1971 in Ulefoss, Norway) is a Norwegian drummer and percussionist. He is a member of several bands in the elektronika/jazz/experimental music genre, like "HET", "Boschamaz", "Kiruna", "Morris" and "Piston Ltd."

## Career

Dahlen is a widely used studio and live musician in Norway. From 2005 to 2008 he was a semi-permanent drummer for Madrugada and contributed in the albums *The Deep End*, *Live at Tralfamadore* and *Madrugada* as well as live shows. In addition, he has contributed on albums with, among others, Kaada *MECD* (2004) and *Music For Moviebikers* (2006), Odd Nordstoga *Heim te Mor* (2006) and *Pilegrim* (2008), Hanne Hukkelberg *Little Things* fra 2004), *Rykestrasse 68* (2006) and *Blood From A Stone* (2009), Marit Larsen *Under the Surface* (2006), Xploding Plastix *Treated Timber Resists Rot* (2008) and Bjørn Eidsvåg *Pust* (2008). In 2012 he released his first solo album *Rolling Bomber*.

## Honors

## Discography

### Solo albums

### Collaborative works

With Kaada With Hanne Hukkelberg With Ragnar Sør Olsen * 2004: *Dagane* (Nyrenning)

With Madrugada With Odd Nordstoga * 2006: *Heim te Mor* (Universal Music, Norway)
* 2008: *Pilegrim* (Sonet Music)

With Charlotte & The Co-Stars * 2009: *Win Love Win* (Propeller Recordings)

With Marit Larsen With Xploding Plastix With Bjørn Eidsvåg * 2008: *Pust* (Petroleum Records)

With Eivind Aarset & The Sonic Codex Orchestra With Batagraf With Stian Westerhus & Pale Horses With Nils Petter Molvær With Anneli Drecker * 2015: *Rocks And Straws* (Rune Grammofon)
* 2017: *Revelation For Personal Use* (Rune Grammofon)

## InfoBox

| Erland Dahlen | |
| --- | --- |
| At the 2017 Oslo Jazzfestival | |
| Background information | |
| Born | (1971-05-15) 15 May 1971<br>Ulefoss, Telemark |
| Origin | Norway |
| Genres | Jazz |
| Occupation(s) | Musician and composer |
| Instrument(s) | Drums, percussion |


title: Ernest Borges

abstract: Ernest Joachim Joseph Borges was an Indian oncologist and cancer surgeon known for his contributions to the field of oncology in India. He pioneered cancer treatment in India during a period when radiation therapy and chemotherapy were in their early stages of development, while surgery remained the predominant option for cancer patients. He served as the Director and Superintendent of Tata Memorial Hospital from 1967 to 1969. In 1966, he was honored with the Padma Shri, the third highest civilian award, by the Government of India.

text:
# Ernest Borges

**Ernest Joachim Joseph Borges** (1909 - March 3, 1969) was an Indian oncologist and cancer surgeon known for his contributions to the field of oncology in India. He pioneered cancer treatment in India during a period when radiation therapy and chemotherapy were in their early stages of development, while surgery remained the predominant option for cancer patients. He served as the Director and Superintendent of Tata Memorial Hospital from 1967 to 1969. In 1966, he was honored with the Padma Shri, the third highest civilian award, by the Government of India.

## Early life and education

He was born in Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1909 to Cajetan Francis Borges and Inez de Nazaré. Borges received his early education at St. Teresa's High School in Girgaon and later attended St. Xavier's High School and College in Dhobitalao. He pursued his medical degree (MBBS) from Grant Medical College and furthered his studies by obtaining an MS degree with distinction from the University of Bombay. He went on to pursue a Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons (FRCS) in England. He was trained at Memorial Hospital in New York.

## Career

Borges joined Tata Memorial Hospital in Bombay, where he served as a chief surgeon for nearly three decades. His expertise in esophageal cancer surgery, particularly noteworthy during a time when few dared to undertake such procedures, earned him acclaim both nationally and internationally. He was instrumental in establishing Tata Memorial Hospital as a premier institution for cancer treatment in India.

He was closely associated with the Catholic Church. He served as president for three terms at the St. Luke's Medical Guild, an organization of Catholic medical professionals established by the then Archbishop of Bombay. He was the editor of the medical journal, the Catholic Medical Bulletin, which was published by the Archdiocese of Bombay. He served as the President of the Indian Federation of Catholic Medical Guilds since 1964. He was also elected as the vice president of the International Federation of Catholic Medical Associations in 1966.

## Personal life

Ernest Borges married Gracie Soares on April 27, 1946. The couple had six children, however, their daughter survived for only one day. In 1964, the couple had a private audience with Pope Paul VI when the Pope visited India for the Eucharistic congress.

He died on March 3, 1969, at the Tata Memorial Hospital in Mumbai.

## Awards and recognition

In 1966, he was honored with the Padma Shri by the President of India, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, in recognition of his contributions to the field of medicine.

He received the Knighthood of the Order of St. Gregory the Great from the Pope and was also honored with the Order of the Privy Chamberlain, Cape, and Sword for his dedicated service to suffering humanity. He was the recipient of the Charles Morehead Prize in Clinical Medicine.

The Goa Branch of the Indian Cancer Society released cancer seals/stamps featuring his photo on September 7, 1971, commemorating Ernest's birth anniversary.

## Legacy

Borges was also a philanthropist, and he established *Ernest's Ark: The Dr. Ernest Borges Memorial Home* in Mumbai, which provides care and support to cancer patients and their families.

Borges' life and work are the subject of a biography book titled, *In Ernest Quest: EJ Borges, Legendary and Revered Cancer Surgeon*, written by his daughter Renee Maria Borges. The book was released in January 2023 and covers all aspects of Borges' life and lifestyle, including his personal and professional relationships, his research, and his contributions to the field of oncology. The book also includes eulogies and tributes from colleagues and patients who knew and worked with Borges.

Roads named after him include Dr. Ernest Borges Road in front of Tata Memorial Hospital in Parel, Mumbai, as well as roads in Dona Paula and Ucassaim, Goa.

Tata Memorial Hospital paid tribute to Ernest Borges' centenary and his contributions to cancer surgery by releasing a handbook on September 6, 2009. The handbook documents his journey as a surgeon and mentor at the hospital.

## InfoBox

| Ernest Borges | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1909 (1909)
Bombay (now Mumbai), India |
| Died | 3 March 1969(1969-03-03) (aged 59–60)
Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Education | MBBS, MS, Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons (FRCS) |
| Alma mater | Grant Medical College, University of Bombay |
| Occupation(s) | Oncologist, Cancer Surgeon |
| Known for | Pioneering cancer treatment in India |
| Spouse | Gracie Soares (m. 1946) |
| Children | 6 |
| Parent(s) | Cajetan Francis Borges
Inez de Nazaré |
| Awards | Padma Shri (1966)
Order of St. Gregory the Great |


title: Ernest Bors

abstract: Ernest Herman Joseph Bors, MD was a Czech-born American physician. He was a pioneer in the multidisciplinary care of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).

text:
# Ernest Bors

**Ernest Herman Joseph Bors**, MD (February 23, 1900, Prague – September 26, 1990) was a Czech-born American physician. He was a pioneer in the multidisciplinary care of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).

## Biography

Bors was born in Prague, Austria-Hungary on February 23, 1900, and grew up there too. He earned his medical degree in 1925 at Charles University in Prague, Czechoslovakia. Early in his career he studied anatomy and held research and faculty positions at the universities in Zürich, Switzerland and Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany. In 1938, he emigrated to the United States where he became a citizen. At the outbreak of World War II, Bors joined the Army Medical Corps.

Bors became interested in spinal cord injury while caring for veterans after the war. In 1944, he joined the staff of Hammond General Army Hospital in Modesto, California. As assistant chief of urology, Bors was urology consultant to the hospital's Spinal Cord Injury Care Section. At that time, comprehensive care for the injured veterans was hindered by a lack of a cohesive approach to their complex medical and social problems. Bors was appalled by the lack of specific interventions for bladder management and other conditions secondary to spinal cord injury. He was motivated to devote his career to improving every aspect of the care of individuals with spinal cord injury.

As a result of his experiences, Bors became the foremost expert on neurourology in traumatic spinal cord injury. He also developed a holistic multidisciplinary approach that formed the foundation for modern spinal cord injury care centers. His successful organization of a comprehensive specialized ward attracted the attention of the War Department. Modeled on Bors' innovative approach, in 1945, the War Department opened the first Spinal Cord Injury Center in the United States at Birmingham General Army Hospital in Van Nuys, California, with Bors in charge. Soon, he had 220 patients under his care. Military doctors from around the country visited his facility and began to establish similar centers around the country.

In 1958, Bors helped oversee the construction of a new facility dedicated to the SCI Service, which is now known as Long Beach VA Medical Center. For the next two decades, doctors and administrators from around the world observed the innovative work of Bors and his colleague, Dr. Estin Comarr. By 1970, the year he retired, Bors had overseen the care of more than 2,500 people with SCI. Through his efforts, the number of SCI centers increased in the US, as well as the staff-to-patient ratio. Bors authored more than 140 scientific papers and a major textbook, co-authored by Estin Comarr and titled, *Neurological Urology, Physiology of Micturition, its Neurological Disorders and Sequelae*, which remains the authoritative text in this field.

Bors is recognized as a pioneer who "carried the torch of care and research and opened the way for better care" of all individuals with spinal cord injury. He is memorialized by The Ernest Bors Award for Scientific Development, which is administered by the Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, the official journal of the American Paraplegia Society. The annual award recognizes the best article published in the Journal by a young investigator.


title: Ernest St. John Burton

abstract: Ernest St. John Burton F.R.S.A, F.L.S, F.G.S, F.Z.S, was a talented artist, composer, musician, author, and geologist.

text:
# Ernest St. John Burton

**Ernest St. John Burton** (December 1875 – 18 March 1962) F.R.S.A, F.L.S, F.G.S, F.Z.S, was a talented artist, composer, musician, author, and geologist.

## Life and work

Ernest St. John Burton was born in Parkstone, Dorset and later lived in Bournemouth before moving to Barton in 1934. He came from a very talented family – his brother and sister were both artists of some note, while his father T. Arthur Burton was a composer, many of whose works were performed about the 20th century in Bournemouth " Symphony and Classical Concerts" by Sir Dan Godfrey's, municipal orchestra.

Ernest who had received his musical education at Brussels Conservatoire became a member of the municipal orchestra, playing both the Piano and the violin, like his father; he too was a composer, specialising in music for these two instruments. He was also the Author of the book, *The History and Evolution of the Violin* published in 1936. Burton was a gifted artist in Oils, Water Colour and pastel, and many fine examples of his work adorned the walls of his home at Barton. He specialised in Landscapes, particularly of the south and West Country, and had works exhibited in the Paris salon, the Royal Institute of Water Colour Painters and the Royal West of England Academy. Other examples of his work can be seen in the Russell Cotes Art Gallery, Bournemouth.

Burton had a great reputation as a geologist and his knowledge of the fossils in the Eocene Beds of Barton Cliffs was probably unsurpassed, his collection of fossils from these beds has been bequeathed to the Natural History Museum in London and has been accepted as a valuable addition to their collections. For some 40 years he was a member of the geological section of the Bournemouth Natural Science Society and frequently conducted parties of geologists on investigations of the Barton beds. He also made a geological survey in the Southampton docks area, in collaboration with fellow geologists and a collection of the fossils they discovered is now in the Tudor House Museum.

Burton contributed a number of papers on the subject of geology, notably a treatise on *The Origin of Lulworth Cove, Dorsetshire* in 1937 and a survey of the fossil remains in the Barton beds and others entitled *The Horizons of The Bryzoa (polyzoa) in the upper Eocene beds of Hampshire* in 1929.

## Private life

Burton had one son with his first wife, the latter died in 1918. He later married Beatrice.

Ernest St John Burton died at Douglas house, in Southbourne on Sunday 18 March 1962 at the age of 87.

1. Proceedings of the Bournemouth natural science society, Volumes 45–56 (1954)
2. Burton, E. St. J. (1929). "The Horizons of Bryozoa (Polyzoa) in the Upper Eocene Beds of Hampshire". *Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society*. **85** (1–4): 223–241. doi:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1929.085.01-04.08. S2CID 131317682.


title: Ernest Staddon

abstract: Ernest Staddon was an English cricketer. He played for Gloucestershire in 1912.

text:
# Ernest Staddon

**Ernest Staddon** (2 December 1882  23 July 1965) was an English cricketer. He played for Gloucestershire in 1912.

## InfoBox

Ernest Staddon
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1882-12-02)2 December 1882
Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol |
| Died | 23 July 1965(1965-07-23) (aged 82)
Bristol |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1912 | Gloucestershire |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 29 March 2014 | |


title: Eschborn–Frankfurt

abstract: Eschborn–Frankfurt, previously Rund um den Henninger Turm Frankfurt, is an annual semi classic cycling race in Germany, starting in Eschborn and finishing in Frankfurt. The event, sometimes referred to as the Frankfurt Grand Prix, is held annually on 1 May, national Labour Day in Germany. As from 2017, Eschborn–Frankfurt is part of the UCI World Tour, the highest-rated professional men's road races, making it the second German World Tour event, together with the Hamburg Cyclassics in August. The event is organised by ASO.

text:
# Eschborn–Frankfurt

**Eschborn–Frankfurt**, previously **Rund um den Henninger Turm Frankfurt**, is an annual semi classic cycling race in Germany, starting in Eschborn and finishing in Frankfurt. The event, sometimes referred to as the **Frankfurt Grand Prix**, is held annually on 1 May, national Labour Day in Germany.

As from 2017, Eschborn–Frankfurt is part of the UCI World Tour, the highest-rated professional men's road races, making it the second German World Tour event, together with the Hamburg Cyclassics in August. The event is organised by ASO.

## History

The event was first held on 1 May 1962, as *Rund um den Henninger Turm Frankfurt*, starting and finishing in Frankfurt's city centre. Brothers Hermann and Erwin Moos sought to promote the Henninger Tower, a grain silo belonging to the Henninger Brewery, which opened in 1961. Henninger served as main sponsor of the cycling event from the inaugural race until 2008. Rund um den Henninger Turm received a status upgrade in 1967 when Paris–Brussels, organised in late April, was removed from the calendar due to traffic problems and the event became the pre-eminent one-day cycling race in West Germany.

The race's first winner was Belgian Armand Desmet in 1962. Barry Hoban became the first British winner in 1966 after a 50 km solo ride to the finish, holding the chasing pack at one minute. Legendary cyclist Eddy Merckx won the race solo in 1971. Sprinter Erik Zabel held the record for most victories in the race with three (1999, 2002 and 2005) until Alexander Kristoff in 2018 added a fourth victory to his 2014, 2016 and 2017 wins, and therefore becoming sole record-holder. Seven further riders have won twice.

In 1995, *Rund um den Henninger Turm* was part of the UCI Road World Cup, cycling's season-long competition of the most important one-day races in the 1990s. The fixed date of the event however, every 1 May, was considered unfavourable as it was often midweek, and it was replaced with the newly created HEW Cyclassics in Hamburg as the German leg of the series.

In 2008, organiser Bernd Moos stated Henninger would withdraw its sponsorship of the race. Henninger discontinued its funding after 46 years because of economic conditions. The event continued in 2009 as the *Eschborn–Frankfurt City Loop*, named after its city sponsors, Frankfurt and the neighboring town of Eschborn, which also became the start location of the race. The iconic Henninger Tower was demolished in 2013.

The 2015 event was cancelled on the eve of the race due to a suspected terrorist plot; the 2020 edition was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2017, Eschborn–Frankfurt was included in the UCI World Tour, cycling's highest rated professional events, and organisation was taken on by ASO, which also organises cycling's flagships, the Tour de France and Paris–Roubaix.

## Route

The race passes through the Taunus Hills west of Frankfurt, along a winding and hilly course with around 1500m (5,000 feet) of climbing. The climbs of the Feldberg, Ruppershain and Mammolshain are some of the regular features. The Mammolshain has a maximal gradient of 26% and is climbed twice in the race. The race ends with three laps of 4,5 km in the centre of Frankfurt, covering a total distance of around over 220 kilometres (140 mi).

Until 2008 the start and finish of the race was on Hainer Weg and later Darmstädter Landstraße, in front of the Henninger Tower.

Since the event's restyling in 2009, the race starts in Eschborn, 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) west of Frankfurt – the finish was at the housing development Riedberg. Since 2010, the finish is in front of the Alte Oper *(Old Opera)*, Frankfurt's concert hall and former opera house in the city centre.

## Race winners

| Year | Country | Rider | Team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **"Rund um den Henninger-Turm"** | | | |
| 1962 | Belgium | Armand Desmet | Flandria–Faema–Clément |
| 1963 | West Germany | Hans Junkermann | Wiel's–Groene Leeuw |
| 1964 | Belgium | Clément Roman | Flandria–Romeo |
| 1965 | France | Jean Stablinski | Ford France–Gitane |
| 1966 | Great Britain | Barry Hoban | Mercier–BP–Hutchinson |
| 1967 | Belgium | Daniel Van Rijckeghem | Mann–Grundig |
| 1968 | Netherlands | Eddy Beugels | Mercier–BP–Hutchinson |
| 1969 | Belgium | Georges Pintens | Mann–Grundig |
| 1970 | West Germany | Rudi Altig | G.B.C.–Zimba |
| 1971 | Belgium | Eddy Merckx | Molteni |
| 1972 | France | Gilbert Bellone | Rokado |
| 1973 | Belgium | Georges Pintens | Rokado–De Gribaldy |
| 1974 | Belgium | Walter Godefroot | Carpenter–Confortluxe–Flandria |
| 1975 | Netherlands | Roy Schuiten | TI–Raleigh |
| 1976 | Belgium | Freddy Maertens | Flandria–Velda |
| 1977 | Netherlands | Gerrie Knetemann | TI–Raleigh |
| 1978 | West Germany | Gregor Braun | Peugeot–Esso–Michelin |
| 1979 | Belgium | Daniel Willems | IJsboerke–Warncke Eis |
| 1980 | Italy | Gianbattista Baronchelli | Bianchi–Piaggio |
| 1981 | Belgium | Jos Jacobs | Capri Sonne |
| 1982 | Belgium | Ludo Peeters | TI–Raleigh–Campagnolo |
| 1983 | Belgium | Ludo Peeters | TI–Raleigh–Campagnolo |
| 1984 | Australia | Phil Anderson | Panasonic–Raleigh |
| 1985 | Australia | Phil Anderson | Panasonic–Raleigh |
| 1986 | Belgium | Jean-Marie Wampers | Hitachi–Splendor |
| 1987 | Norway | Dag Otto Lauritzen | 7 Eleven |
| 1988 | Belgium | Michel Dernies | Lotto |
| 1989 | Belgium | Jean-Marie Wampers | Panasonic–Isostar–Colnago–Agu |
| 1990 | Switzerland | Thomas Wegmüller | Weinmann–SMM Uster |
| 1991 | Belgium | Johan Bruyneel | Lotto |
| 1992 | Belgium | Frank Van Den Abeele | Lotto–Mavic–MBK |
| 1993 | Denmark | Rolf Sørensen | Carrera Jeans–Tassoni |
| 1994 | Germany | Olaf Ludwig | Team Telekom |
| 1995 | Italy | Francesco Frattini | Gewiss–Ballan |
| 1996 | Switzerland | Beat Zberg | Carrera Jeans–Tassoni |
| 1997 | Italy | Michele Bartoli | MG Maglificio–Technogym |
| 1998 | Italy | Fabio Baldato | Riso Scotti–MG Maglificio |
| 1999 | Germany | Erik Zabel | Team Telekom |
| 2000 | Germany | Kai Hundertmarck | Team Telekom |
| 2001 | Switzerland | Markus Zberg | Rabobank |
| 2002 | Germany | Erik Zabel | Team Telekom |
| 2003 | Italy | Davide Rebellin | Gerolsteiner |
| 2004 | Netherlands | Karsten Kroon | Rabobank |
| 2005 | Germany | Erik Zabel | T-Mobile Team |
| 2006 | Italy | Stefano Garzelli | Liquigas |
| 2007 | Germany | Patrik Sinkewitz | T-Mobile Team |
| **"Eschborn-Frankfurt City Loop"** | | | |
| 2008 | Netherlands | Karsten Kroon | Team CSC |
| **"Rund um den Finanzplatz Eschborn-Frankfurt"** | | | |
| 2009 | Germany | Fabian Wegmann | Team Milram |
| 2010 | Germany | Fabian Wegmann | Team Milram |
| 2011 | Germany | John Degenkolb | HTC–Highroad |
| 2012 | Italy | Moreno Moser | Liquigas–Cannondale |
| 2013 | Slovenia | Simon Špilak | Team Katusha |
| 2014 | Norway | Alexander Kristoff | Team Katusha |
| 2015 | **No race** due to security alert | | | |
| 2016 | Norway | Alexander Kristoff | Team Katusha |
| 2017 | Norway | Alexander Kristoff | Team Katusha–Alpecin |
| **"Eschborn-Frankfurt"** | | | |
| 2018 | Norway | Alexander Kristoff | UAE Team Emirates |
| 2019 | Germany | Pascal Ackermann | Bora–Hansgrohe |
| 2020 | **No race** due to the COVID-19 pandemic | | | |
| 2021 | Belgium | Jasper Philipsen | Alpecin–Fenix |
| 2022 | Ireland | Sam Bennett | Bora–Hansgrohe |
| 2023 | Denmark | Søren Kragh Andersen | Alpecin–Deceuninck |
| 2024 | Belgium | Maxim Van Gils | Lotto–Dstny |

### Wins per country

| Wins | Country |
| --- | --- |
| 19 | Belgium |
| 13 | Germany (including  West Germany) |
| 7 | Italy |
| 5 | Netherlands
Norway |
| 3 | Switzerland |
| 2 | Australia
Denmark
France |
| 1 | Great Britain
Ireland
Slovenia |
|

## InfoBox

Eschborn–Frankfurt
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Race details | |
| Date | 1 May |
| Region | Hesse, Germany |
| English name | Eschborn–Frankfurt – Lap of the Finanzplatz |
| Discipline | Road |
| Competition | UCI World Tour |
| Type | One-day |
| Organiser | ASO |
| Web site | www.eschborn-frankfurt.de |
| History | |
| First edition | 1962 (1962) |
| Editions | 61 (as of 2024) |
| First winner | Armand Desmet (BEL) |
| Most wins | Alexander Kristoff (NOR) *(4 wins)* |
| Most recent | Maxim Van Gils (BEL) |


title: Eggelingia

abstract:
Eggelingia is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae, and named after the Scots forester, William Julius Eggeling. It contains 3 known species, all native to tropical Africa:
  - Eggelingia clavata Summerh.
  - Eggelingia gabonensis P.J.Cribb & Laan
  - Eggelingia ligulifolia Summerh.

text:
# Eggelingia

***Eggelingia*** is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae, and named after the Scots forester, William Julius Eggeling. It contains 3 known species, all native to tropical Africa:

* Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. (1999). Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press.
* Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. (2001). Genera Orchidacearum 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
* Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. (2003). Genera Orchidacearum 3. Oxford Univ. Press
* Berg Pana, H. 2005. *Handbuch der Orchideen-Namen. Dictionary of Orchid Names. Dizionario dei nomi delle orchidee*. Ulmer, Stuttgart

## InfoBox

| *Eggelingia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Eggelingia gabonensis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Tribe: | Vandeae |
| Subtribe: | Angraecinae |
| Genus: | *Eggelingia*<br>Summerh. |
|


title: Esmeraldas-class corvette

abstract: The Esmeraldas-class corvettes are a class of corvette in service with the Ecuadorian Navy, built in Italy by Fincantieri, entering service in the early 1980s. The vessels were built on the Type 550 corvette design, similar to the Assad and Laksamana-class corvettes, built primarily for export.

text:
# Esmeraldas-class corvette

The ***Esmeraldas*-class corvettes** are a class of corvette in service with the Ecuadorian Navy, built in Italy by Fincantieri, entering service in the early 1980s.

The vessels were built on the Type 550 corvette design, similar to the Assad and Laksamana-class corvettes, built primarily for export.

## Construction and design

Six corvettes were ordered by the Ecuadorian Navy from the Italian shipbuilder Cantieri Navali Riuniti (CNR) (now part of Fincantieri) in 1978 or 1979. They were a developed version of CNR's *Wadi M'ragh* missile corvettes built for Libya in the late 1970s, with more powerful engines giving a higher speed and revised armament and equipment.

The ships are 62.3 m (204 ft 5 in) long overall and 57.8 m (189 ft 8 in) between perpendiculars, with a beam of 9.3 m (30 ft 6 in) and a Draft of 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in). Displacement is 685 long tons (696 t) full load. Four MTU MA20 V 956 TB 92 diesel engines rated at a total of 24,400 shp (18,200 kW) maximum power and 22,140 shp (16,510 kW) sustained power drive four propeller shafts, giving a short-term maximum speed of 37 kn (43 mph; 69 km/h) and a sustained speed of 34 kn (39 mph; 63 km/h). The ships have a range of 1,200 nmi (1,400 mi; 2,200 km) at 31 kn (36 mph; 57 km/h), 4,000 nmi (4,600 mi; 7,400 km) at 18 kn (21 mph; 33 km/h) and 4,400 nmi (5,100 mi; 8,100 km) at 14 kn (16 mph; 26 km/h). The ships have a crew of 51.

The ships can carry six Exocet MM40 anti-ship missiles in two triple mounts amidships, with a range of 70 km (38 nmi; 43 mi), while a quadruple launcher for the Albatros surface to air missile system, firing the Aspide missile with a range of 13 km (7.0 nmi; 8.1 mi) is mounted at the aft end of the ship's superstructure, behind the mast. (No reload missiles are carried). An OTO Melara 76 mm Compact gun is fitted forward and a twin Bofors 40 mm anti-aircraft mount is fitted aft. Two triple 324 mm torpedo tubes are fitted, capable of launching Italian Whitehead A244 anti-submarine torpedoes. A helipad is positioned between the Exocet launchers and the Bofors mounts, allowing a Bell 206 helicopter to be operated, although no hangar is provided for the helicopter.

Sensors include a Selenia RAN-10S air/surface search radar, two Selenia Orion 10X fire control radars and a Thomson Sintra Diodon hull-mounted sonar.

## Ships in the class

| Ecuadorian Navy \- Esmeraldas class | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Name | Hull number | Shipyard | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Status |
| *Esmeraldas* | CM-11 | CNR Muggiano | 27 September 1979 | 1 October 1980 | 7 August 1982 | In service |
| *Manabí* | CM-12 | CNR Ancona | 19 February 1980 | 9 February 1981 | 21 June 1983 | In service |
| *Los Rios* | CM-13 | CNR Muggiano | 5 December 1979 | 27 February 1981 | 9 October 1983 | In service |
| *El Oro* | CM-14 | CNR Ancona | 20 March 1980 | 9 February 1981 | 11 December 1983 | In service |
| *Galápagos* | CM-15 | CNR Muggiano | 4 December 1980 | 4 July 1981 | 26 May 1984 | In service |
| *Loja* | CM-16 | CNR Ancona | 24 March 1981 | 27 February 1982 | 26 May 1984 | In service |
|

## Service history

*El Oro* was badly damaged by a fire on 14 April 1985, and took two years to repair. Two of the ships had their torpedo tubes removed for transfer to the two *Leander*-class frigates purchased from the British Royal Navy in 1991 (BAE *Presidente Eloy Alfaro* and BAE *Morán Valverde*). It was planned to upgrade the ships' combat and fire control systems in 1993–1994, but a lack of funds prevented these changes.

Three of the vessels of the class (*Los Rios*, *Manabí* and *Loja*) were refitted to extend their life by Astinave, being re-delivered in 2017–2018. Changes included fitting a locally developed combat management system called Orion.

## Citations

* Baker, A. D. III (1998). *The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World 1998–1999: Their Ships, Aircraft and Systems*. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-111-4.
* Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen, eds. (1995). *Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995*. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7.
* Moore, John, ed. (1985). *Jane's Fighting Ships 1985–86*. London: Jane's Yearbooks. ISBN 0-7106-0814-4.
* Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2002). *Jane's Fighting Ships 2002–2003*. Coulsdon, Surrey, UK: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-7106-24328.

## InfoBox

| An *Esmeraldas*-class corvette training off the coast of Ecuador in 1999. | |
| --- | --- |
| Class overview | |
| Name | *Esmeraldas* class |
| Operators | Ecuadorian Navy |
| In commission | 1982–present |
| Planned | 6 |
| Completed | 6 |
| Active | 6 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Corvette |
| Displacement | 685 ton |
| Length | 57.8 m (189 ft 8 in) |
| Beam | 9.3 m (30 ft 6 in) |
| Draft | 2.9 m (9 ft 6 in) |
| Propulsion | 4 shaft MTU diesel engines, 24,400 hp (18,200 kW) |
| Speed | 37 knots (69 km/h; 43 mph) |
| Complement | 51 |
| Armament |  |
| Aircraft carried | Bell 206 helicopter |
| Aviation facilities | Small helipad |


title: Tommaso Pasquale Gizzi

abstract: Tommaso Pasquale Gizzi (1787–1849) was an Italian prelate who rose to the highest ranks of the Catholic Church during the first half of the 19th century.

text:
# Tommaso Pasquale Gizzi

| Styles of
**Tommaso Pasquale Gizzi** | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Reference style | His Eminence |
| Spoken style | Your Eminence |
| Informal style | Cardinal |

**Tommaso Pasquale Gizzi** (1787–1849) was an Italian prelate who rose to the highest ranks of the Catholic Church during the first half of the 19th century.

## Life and career

Born in Ceccano, near Frosinone, at the time part of the Papal States, he was educated at the seminary of Ferentino, receiving the subdiaconate in 1808 and the diaconate in 1809. He was ordained to the priesthood on 2 September 1810. After his ordination he attended the Archgynasium of Rome where he obtained a *doctorate in utroque iuris*. From 1819 he worked as a lawyer of the Roman Rota. From 1820 to 1836 he rose through the ranks of the diplomatic service of the Papal States and from 1837 to 1839 was apostolic delegate in Ancona. In 1839 he was named by Pope Gregory XVI titular bishop of Tebe and consecrated bishop on 21 April. From 1839 to 1841 he was Apostolic Nuncio in Switzerland, and from 1841 to 1844 in the Kingdom of Sardinia.

During his time as apostolic nuncio he was named cardinal *in pectore*. His elevation to cardinal was published during the consistory of 22 January 1844, and his descendants came to be known as Dipasquale meaning "of Pasquale".

In April 1844 he was Papal Legate to Forlì and its province. A papal legate in the Papal States was the civil governor of the area of the diocese. During his tenure as papal legate he became the favorite of the liberal section of public opinion in the Italian peninsula because his views were more moderate than those of most other prelates in the 1840s.

At the death of Pope Gregory XVI he joined the other cardinals in the Quirinale Palace where the conclave was scheduled. Cardinal Gizzi was a *papabile* and was the champion of the progressive party of the church and public opinion. He is believed to have received some preferences during the first ballot, but Cardinal Mastai Ferretti was elected. After his election Pius IX named Gizzi Cardinal Secretary of State, but he resigned from this post one year later.

He died on 3 June 1849.

## InfoBox

| His Eminence
Tommaso Pasquale Gizzi | |
| --- | --- |
| Secretary of State | |
|  | |
| Church | Roman Catholic Church |
| Appointed | 8 August 1846 |
| Term ended | 3 June 1849 |
| Predecessor | Luigi Lambruschini |
| Successor | Gabriele Ferretti |
| Other post(s) | Cardinal-Priest of Santa Pudenziana (1844–49) |
| Previous post(s) |  |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 2 September 1810 |
| Consecration | 21 April 1839
by Giacomo Filippo Fransoni |
| Created cardinal | 12 July 1841 (in pectore)
22 January 1844 (revealed)
by Pope Gregory XVI |
| Rank | Cardinal-Priest |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Tommaso Pasquale Gizzi
22 September 1787
Ceccano, Papal States |
| Died | 3 June 1849(1849-06-03) (aged 61)
Lenola, Fondi, Papal States |
| Parents | Nicola Gizzi
Cecilia Ciavaglia |


title: Espers (band)

abstract: Espers was an American psychedelic folk band from Philadelphia, United States, that was part of the emerging indie folk scene. They formed in 2002 as a trio of singer-songwriter Greg Weeks, Meg Baird and Brooke Sietinsons but later expanded to a sextet including Otto Hauser, Helena Espvall and Chris Smith. They released their self-titled debut in 2004 on Time-Lag Records and followed that with an album of cover songs, The Weed Tree, in 2005. This release featured the band's versions of songs by artists as diverse as Nico, The Durutti Column and Blue Öyster Cult. In 2006 the band released their third full-length album, II, on Drag City Records. Their fourth album, III, was released on October 20, 2009. The band reunited for a trio of performances in 2018 and considered writing new material but decided against it. Their first two albums were reissued by Drag City in 2020.

text:
# Espers (band)

**Espers** was an American psychedelic folk band from Philadelphia, United States, that was part of the emerging indie folk scene. They formed in 2002 as a trio of singer-songwriter Greg Weeks, Meg Baird and Brooke Sietinsons but later expanded to a sextet including Otto Hauser, Helena Espvall and Chris Smith.

They released their self-titled debut in 2004 on Time-Lag Records and followed that with an album of cover songs, *The Weed Tree*, in 2005. This release featured the band's versions of songs by artists as diverse as Nico, The Durutti Column and Blue Öyster Cult. In 2006 the band released their third full-length album, *II* (presumably so called because it was their second album of original material), on Drag City Records. Their fourth album, *III*, was released on October 20, 2009.

The band reunited for a trio of performances in 2018 and considered writing new material but decided against it. Their first two albums were reissued by Drag City in 2020.

## Discography

### Albums

### Singles

* "Riding" / "Under The Waterfall" (7") (2005)

## InfoBox

| Espers | |
| --- | --- |
| Espers performing in 2006 | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Philadelphia, United States |
| Genres | Drone, folk, psychedelic, rock |
| Years active | 2002-2010, 2018 |
| Labels | Locust Music, Drag City |
|  | |
| Past members | Meg Baird
Helena Espvall
Norman Fetter
Otto Hauser
John Heron
Ben McConnell
Brooke Sietinsons
Chris Smith
Greg Weeks |


title: Tongi Junction railway station

abstract: Tongi Junction Railway Station is a railway station in Bangladesh located in Tongi, Gazipur District. It is a station between Dhirashram and Dhaka Airport railway station. It is about 5 km north of the airport station and about 12 km south of Joydebpur. The station is served by two dual gauge lines and two platforms. Tongi–Bhairab–Akhaura line starts from this station. During the Bishwa Ijtema, it become a hub of communication and additional trains plied the station.

text:
# Tongi Junction railway station

**Tongi Junction Railway Station** is a railway station in Bangladesh located in Tongi, Gazipur District. It is a station between Dhirashram and Dhaka Airport railway station. It is about 5 km north of the airport station and about 12 km south of Joydebpur. The station is served by two dual gauge lines and two platforms. Tongi–Bhairab–Akhaura line starts from this station. During the Bishwa Ijtema, it become a hub of communication and additional trains plied the station.

## History

In 1885 the Dhaka State Railway opened a 144 km railway line from Narayanganj to Mymensingh and the Tongi railway station was established at the same time. In 2011, construction of 3rd and 4th lines to upgrade Dhaka–Tongi two-track railway line to four-track railway line was planned and in 2012 it was approved by Executive Committee of the National Economic Council, but it was not completed even in 2018. Dhaka-Tongi demo train started in 2014.

## Criticism

The area around the Tongi–Joydebpur line, including the Tongi railway station, is known as a haven for drug dealers and robbers.

## InfoBox

| Tongi Junction Railway Station
টঙ্গী জংশন রেলওয়ে স্টেশন | |
| --- | --- |
| Tongi Junction Railway Station, Gazipur | |
| General information | |
| Location | Tongi, Gazipur District
Bangladesh |
| Coordinates | 23°53′55″N 90°24′30″E / 23.89859°N 90.4084504°E / 23.89859; 90.4084504 |
| Owned by | Bangladesh Railway |
| Line(s) | Narayanganj–Bahadurabad Ghat line
Tongi–Bhairab–Akhaura line
Tongi–Manikganj–Paturia Ghat line |
| Platforms | 3 |
| Tracks | Dual Gauge |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Standard (on ground station) |
| Other information | |
| Status | Functioning |
| Station code | TGI |
| Zone(s) | East Zone |
| Division(s) | Dhaka |
| History | |
| Opened | 1885 |
| Previous names | Assam Bengal Railway (1885–1947)
Pakistan Eastern Railway (1947–1971) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Bangladesh Railway Following station  Dhaka Airporttowards Narayanganj  Narayanganj–Bahadurabad Ghat  Dhirasramtowards Bahadurabad Ghat  *Terminus*  Tongi–Bhairab–Akhaura  Pubailtowards Akhaura Junction | |
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title: Esperpento

abstract: Esperpento denotes a literary style in Spanish literature first established by Spanish author Ramón María del Valle-Inclán that uses distorted descriptions of reality in order to criticize society. Leading themes include death, the grotesque, and the reduction of human beings to objects (reification). The style is marked by bitter irony. In Latin America, the author most well known for using esperpento is Mexican author Jorge Ibargüengoitia.

text:
# Esperpento

**Esperpento** denotes a literary style in Spanish literature first established by Spanish author Ramón María del Valle-Inclán that uses distorted descriptions of reality in order to criticize society. Leading themes include death, the grotesque, and the reduction of human beings to objects (reification). The style is marked by bitter irony. In Latin America, the author most well known for using esperpento is Mexican author Jorge Ibargüengoitia.

## Definitions

According to the definition given by the most current edition of *Diccionario de la Lengua Española (Dictionary of the Spanish Language)* by the Royal Spanish Academy (*DRAE*), *esperpento* is:

1. A grotesque or unwise act
2. A literary genre created by Ramón del Valle-Inclán, a Spanish writer from the Generation of 1898, in which reality is deformed to overemphasize the grotesque and colloquial or harsh language is subjected to personal elaborations.
3. (colloquial) Person or thing notable for their ugliness, disarray, or rough appearance.

The Royal Spanish Academy first defined the term *esperpento* in the fourteenth edition of the *DRAE* (1914), where the first and third meanings above were accepted. Reference to the second sense first appeared in the supplement to the nineteenth edition (1970):

> Literary genre created by Ramón del Valle-Inclán. It systematically deforms reality, emphasizing its grotesque and absurd traits, while at the same time degrading consecrated literary values. For this purpose, colloquial language is dignified for artistic purposes to allow cynical expressions and jargon.

This definition was maintained until the last edition, in which the reference to "consecrated literary values" was removed.

## Esperpento in works by Valle-Inclán

### Metaphor of deformed mirrors

Esperpento first made its appearance as an authentic dramatic genre in the 1920 play *Luces de Bohemia* by Valle-Inclán. The conceptual metaphors in this theater genre were inspired by real locales; for example, the *callejón del Gato* (Gato Alley) in the play was inspired by the ironmongers' market in *calle de Álvarez Gato* (Álvarez Gato Street) in Madrid. The real street's most distinguishing feature was the advertising front, where a concave and a convex mirror hung, distorting the image of all those who passed by. The mirrors were used by Valle-Inclán as a metaphor in his plays and narratives.

### Esperpento according to Valle-Inclán

*Luces de Bohemia*, specifically the conversation between Max Estrella and Don Latino de Hispalis in the twelfth scene, is considered to be the foundation of esperpento. Max declares:

> The classical heroes reflected in concave mirrors give rise to the esperpento. The tragic sense of Spanish life can only be understood by an esthetic which is systematically deformed...The most beautiful images in a convave mirror are absurd...Deformation stops being such when it is subjected to perfect math. My actual esthetic is to transform the classical norms using the mathematics of the concave mirror.

The idea of esperpento is based on Valle-Inclán's perception of the mixture between the great and the grotesque, which he considered typical of Spanish society. He employed this method of portraying reality in all his works from then on, including in *Martes de Carnaval (Carnival Tuesday)*, *La hija del capitán (The Captain's Daughter)*, *Las galas del difunto (The Galas of the Deceased)*, and *Los cuernos de don Friolera (The Horns of Don Friolera)*.

According to Valle-Inclán, "There are three ways of seeing the world artistically or esthetically: on one's knees, standing up, or levitating in the air." In the first method, "You give the characters, the heroes, a higher status...at least when compared to the narrator." The second method is to view them "as though they were our own selves", and the third is "to look at the world from a superior plane and consider the characters in the plot to be inferior to the author, with a point of irony. The gods become farces. It is a manner very Spanish, a demiurge manner, that doesn't believe to be in any way made of the same earth as its dolls."

Valle-Inclán refers to esperpento, as he sees it, as having precedence in the literature of Francisco de Quevedo and the paintings of Francisco de Goya. According to Valle-Inclán:

> This consideration is what moved me to change my writing and write *esperpentos*, the literary genre that I baptize with the name *esperpentos*. The world of the *esperpentic*—as one of the characters in *Bohemian Lights* explains—is as though the ancient heroes have become deformed in the concave mirrors of the street, with a grotesque transportation, but rigorously geometric. And these deformed beings are the heroes called to represent a classic fable that is not deformed. The ones who play the tragedy are minute and bow-legged. And with this sense, I've carried them to *Tirano Banderas* and to *El ruedo ibérico (The Iberian Bullring)*.

### Characteristics

The main characteristic of esperpento is usage of the grotesque as a form of expression, which includes reification of characters, fusion of animal and human forms, legitimizing colloquial language via its use in literature, an abundant use of contrast, distorting scenery, and mixing the real world with nightmares. The systematic deformation of reality plays a key role, often calling on the appearance of caricatures. Death appears as a fundamental character. Esperpento comes with a semitransparent moral lesson, filled with criticism and satire.

The degradation present in esperpento affects both environments and characters. The dominant settings are taverns and brothels, miserable interiors, and dangerous streets in Madrid. Characters on the street include drunkards, prostitutes, rogues, beggars, failed artists, and bohemians, all presented as marionettes incapable of voluntary actions.

The main question that esperpento asks is whether it presents a deformed image of reality or whether it presents an accurate image of a deformed reality.

1. Alvar, Carlos; Mainer, José Carlos; Navarro, Rosa (1998). *Breve historia de la literatura española \[Brief history of Spanish literature\]* (in Spanish) (1st reprint ed.). Madrid: Alianza Ed. ISBN 8420634034.
2. *Diccionario de la lengua española* (in Spanish) (22nd ed.). Real Academica Española. p. 978.
3. *Diccionario de la lengua española* (in Spanish) (19th ed.). Real Academica Española. p. 1394.
4. G. Sevillano, Elena (28 February 2008). "El esperpento vuelve a reflejarse en el 'callejón del Gato'". *El País* (in Spanish).
5. Álvarez-Nóvoa Sánches, Carlos (1991–1992). "La Noche de Max Estrella \[The Night of Max Estrella\]". *Archivum: Revista de la Facultad de Filología* (in Spanish). 41–42: 7–32. ISSN 0570-7218.
6. Fernández López, Justo. "Esperpento". *Diccionario de Lingüística y ciencias afines* (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2012-05-13.
7. Martínez-Sierra, Gregorio (7 December 1928). "Hablando con Valle-Inclán: de él y de su obra \[Speaking with Valle-Inclán: of him and his work\]". *ABC* (in Spanish). pp. 3–4. ISSN 1136-0143.

## Works cited

* Álvarez-Nóvoa, Carlos (2000). *La noche de Max Estrella: hora a hora; análisis dramatúrgico de "Luces de bohemia" de don Ramón María del Valle-Inclán \[The Night of Max Estrella: Hour by Hour; dramatist analysis of Ramón María del Valle Inclán's "Bohemian Lights"* (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Barcelona: Octaedro. ISBN 84-8063-442-1.
* Valle-Inclán, Ramón del (1920). *Luces de Bohemia. Esperpento, lo saca a la luz de don Ramón del Valle-Inclán \[Bohemian Lights: Esperpento, brought to the light by Don Ramón del Valle-Inclán*. Madrid: Imprenta Cervantina. ISBN 9788423918010.
* Zamora Vincente, Alonso (1967). *Asedio a "Luces de Bohemia" primer esperpento de Ramón del Valle Inclán. Discurso leído el día 28 de mayo de 1967 en su recepción pública, por el Excelentísimo Señor Don Alonso Zamora Vicente y contestación del Excelentísimo Señor Don Rafael Lapesa \[Siege on "Bohemian Lights", Ramón del Valle Inclán's first esperpento work: discourse read on May 28, 1967 at his public reception by his Excellency Señor Don Alonso Zamora Vincente and answer from his Excellency Señor Don Rafael Lapesa\]*. Madrid: Real Academia Española.
* Zamora Vincente, Alonso (1969). *La realidad esperpéntica. Aproximación a "Luces de bohemia" \[The esperpentic reality: Approach to "Bohemian Lights"\]*. Madrid: Editorial Gredos.


title: Edward Józef Kiedos

abstract: Edward Józef Kiedos is a Polish politician. He was elected to Sejm on 25 September 2005, getting 6016 votes in 11 Sieradz districts as a candidate from the Samoobrona Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej list.

text:
# Edward Józef Kiedos

**Edward Józef Kiedos** (born 18 March 1961 in Wieluń) is a Polish politician. He was elected to Sejm on 25 September 2005, getting 6016 votes in 11 Sieradz districts as a candidate from the Samoobrona Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej list.

## InfoBox

| Edward Józef Kiedos | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| member of Sejm 2005–2007 | |
| **In office**<br>25 September 2005  ? | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1961 |
| Nationality | Polish |
| Political party | Samoobrona |
|  | |


title: Estadio Joel Gutiérrez

abstract: The Estadio Joel Gutiérrez is an association football (soccer) stadium in Tacna, Peru. It has a capacity of 21,000. The venue opened on 30 July 1995. Alfonso Ugarte (Tacna) are the tenants of the stadium.

text:
# Estadio Joel Gutiérrez

The **Estadio Joel Gutiérrez** is an association football (soccer) stadium in Tacna, Peru. It has a capacity of 21,000. The venue opened on 30 July 1995. Alfonso Ugarte (Tacna) are the tenants of the stadium.

18°03′09″S 70°14′47″W / 18.0526°S 70.2463°W / -18.0526; -70.2463

## InfoBox

Estadio Joel Gutiérrez
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Tacna,  Peru |
| Capacity | 21,000 |
| Opened | 30 July 1995 |
| Tenants | |
| Alfonso Ugarte (Tacna) | |


title: Ehsan Zaffar

abstract: Ehsan Zaffar is a civil rights advocate, educator and policymaker and the founder of the Los Angeles Mobile Legal Aid Clinic (LAMLAC), which helped to pioneer the delivery of mobile legal care to vulnerable populations in California and across the nation. Zaffar primarily studies issues related to inequality and equity, and most recently the disparate impact of national and homeland security laws and policies on protected classes and other minority communities with a particular emphasis on Establishment Clause and First Amendment limitations surrounding security, privacy, and law enforcement. He serves as Senior Advisor on civil rights at the United States Department of Homeland Security. He is a member of the faculty at George Washington University's Graduate School of Political Management and the Washington College of Law at American University and author of Understanding Homeland Security: Foundations of Security Policy. In 2016, he joined General (Ret.) David Petraeus as a member of the board of Team Rubicon. Zaffar is a Council Member of Chatham House at the Royal Institute of International Affairs, the Council on Foreign Relations, and the Pacific Council on International Policy. He is the recipient of the U.S. State Department's Benjamin Franklin Award for Public Diplomacy and the Department of Homeland Security Secretary's Award for Excellence. Zaffar serves as a visiting fellow at the University of Southern California’s Sol Price School of Public Policy where his scholarly work focuses on social, political and economic inequality and he is also a Senior Scholar (non-resident) at the University of California, Berkeley. In 2021 he was appointed by Arizona State University President Michael M. Crow to lead an initiative to study ways to reduce social, political and economic inequality in the United States. He has teaching appointments at ASU's Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law and the School of Social Transformation at ASU. He hosts UnfairNation, a podcast on inequality. The first several episodes featured guests Dr. Thomas Nolan of the Boston Police Department and Nick Martin of TechChange, among others.

text:
# Ehsan Zaffar

**Ehsan Zaffar** is a civil rights advocate, educator and policymaker and the founder of the Los Angeles Mobile Legal Aid Clinic (LAMLAC), which helped to pioneer the delivery of mobile legal care to vulnerable populations in California and across the nation.

Zaffar primarily studies issues related to inequality and equity, and most recently the disparate impact of national and homeland security laws and policies on protected classes and other minority communities with a particular emphasis on Establishment Clause and First Amendment (religious freedom) limitations surrounding security, privacy, and law enforcement. He serves as Senior Advisor on civil rights at the United States Department of Homeland Security. He is a member of the faculty at George Washington University's Graduate School of Political Management and the Washington College of Law at American University and author of *Understanding Homeland Security: Foundations of Security Policy*.

In 2016, he joined General (Ret.) David Petraeus as a member of the board of Team Rubicon. Zaffar is a Council Member of Chatham House at the Royal Institute of International Affairs, the Council on Foreign Relations, and the Pacific Council on International Policy. He is the recipient of the U.S. State Department's Benjamin Franklin Award for Public Diplomacy and the Department of Homeland Security Secretary's Award for Excellence.

Zaffar serves as a visiting fellow at the University of Southern California’s Sol Price School of Public Policy where his scholarly work focuses on social, political and economic inequality and he is also a Senior Scholar (non-resident) at the University of California, Berkeley.

In 2021 he was appointed by Arizona State University President Michael M. Crow to lead an initiative to study ways to reduce social, political and economic inequality in the United States. He has teaching appointments at ASU's Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law and the School of Social Transformation at ASU.

He hosts UnfairNation, a podcast on inequality. The first several episodes featured guests Dr. Thomas Nolan of the Boston Police Department and Nick Martin of TechChange, among others.

## InfoBox

| Ehsan Zaffar | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Occupation(s) | Educator, advocate, policymaker |


title: Galliano (band)

abstract: Galliano are a London-based acid jazz group that were originally active between 1988 and 1997. The group was the first signing to Eddie Piller and Gilles Peterson's Acid Jazz record label. The original members were Rob Gallagher, Constantine Weir (vocals), Michael Snaith and Crispin Robinson (percussion). Other important members included Valerie Etienne, who participated in the recording of all their albums, along with other musicians such as Mick Talbot on keyboards, Crispin Taylor on drums, Ernie McKone on bass guitar, Mark Vandergucht guitar, and Steve Ameedee, otherwise known as Uncle Big Man (dancer). Ski Oakenfull replaced Mick Talbot on keyboards in 1994. The band split in November 1997 after musical differences over direction of travel, with Crispin Taylor starting a Cliff Richard cover band. The band announced a return in 2023, including a new album and several live gigs.

text:
# Galliano (band)

**Galliano** are a London-based acid jazz group that were originally active between 1988 and 1997. The group was the first signing to Eddie Piller and Gilles Peterson's Acid Jazz record label. The original members were Rob Gallagher (vocals – credited as Roberto Galliano), Constantine Weir (vocals), Michael Snaith (The Vibe Controller) and Crispin Robinson (percussion).

Other important members included Valerie Etienne, who participated in the recording of all their albums, along with other musicians such as Mick Talbot on keyboards, Crispin Taylor on drums, Ernie McKone on bass guitar, Mark Vandergucht guitar, and Steve Ameedee, otherwise known as Uncle Big Man (dancer). Ski Oakenfull replaced Mick Talbot on keyboards in 1994. The band split in November 1997 after musical differences over direction of travel, with Crispin Taylor starting a Cliff Richard cover band (that is a complete lie by the way). The band announced a return in 2023, including a new album and several live gigs.

## Career

The group's first single, a reworking of Curtis Mayfield's *Freddie's Dead* called *Frederick Lies Still*, was released in June 1988. It was also the first release on the Acid Jazz label. Their second release was on *Let the Good Times Roll* by *The Quiet Boys* in 1989. *The Quiet Boys* was an alias used by acid jazz pioneer Chris Bangs who then went on to produce Galliano.

Galliano's first album release was *In Pursuit of the 13th Note* in 1991, which was produced by Bangs. Their second album *A Joyful Noise Unto the Creator* was released in 1992.

Galliano achieved the peak of their success in 1994 with *The Plot Thickens* which peaked at number eight in the UK Albums Chart. Two UK top 40 singles were released from the album *Long Time Gone* (a cover of a David Crosby song from the self titled first album by Crosby, Stills & Nash) and *Twyford Down*. The latter was a comment on the road building protests taking place at the time and the protest at Twyford Down in particular, and they were joined onstage by anti-roads protestors to make appeals to the audience. The album was well received making the NME's list of top 50 albums of the year. Following its release Galliano performed on the Pyramid Stage at the Glastonbury Festival in 1994 and returned to play the NME Stage in 1995.

Galliano's fourth and final studio album *:4* was released in 1996. This included the track "Slack Hands", which was used in the title sequence of Kevin Reynolds' 1997 film, *One Eight Seven*, starring Samuel L. Jackson.

Galliano broke up in 1997. Gallagher together with Etienne formed Two Banks of Four; Gallagher also performs solo using the names Earl Zinger, William Anderson and together with Alex Patchwork as The Diabolical Liberties.

In early 2023, Galliano announced a return, including a new album and a few live gigs that year. The band played twice at Gilles Peterson's We Out Here Festival in August 2023, playing covers of "Harvest for the World*"* and "Uptown Top Ranking" alongside their original material.

In May 2024, they released their first single in 28 years, "Circles Going Round The Sun"; in June 2024, they released "Pleasure, Joy & Happiness", a cover of a song by Eddie Chacon. Their fifth album, *Halfway Somewhere*, their first in 28 years, was released on 30 August 2024.

## Discography

### Studio albums

List of albums, with selected chart positions
| Title | Album details | Peak chart
positions | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | UK
 | AUS
 |
| *In Pursuit of the 13th Note* |  |  | 177 |
| *A Joyful Noise Unto The Creator* | * Released: 1992 * Label: Talkin' Loud | 28 | 152 |
| *The Plot Thickens* | * Released: 1994 * Label: Talkin' Loud | 8 | 103 |
| *:4* | * Released: 1996 * Label: Talkin' Loud |  |  |
| *Halfway Somewhere* |  |  |  |

### Live albums

* *Until Such Time (Recorded Live In Europe '92) – 1993 – Talkin' Loud*
* *Live at Liquid Room (Tokyo)* – 1997 – Talkin' Loud

### Compilation albums

* *What Colour Our Flag* – 1994 – Talkin' Loud
* *Thicker Plot (Remixes 93–94)* – 1994 – Talkin' Loud

### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak positions | | | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | UK
 | AUS
 | NED
 | |
| 1988 | "Frederic Lies Still" |  |  |  | Singles only |
| 1989 | "Let the Good Times Roll" (The Quiet Boys feat. Galliano) |  |  | |  |
| 1990 | "Welcome to the Story" |  |  |  | *In Pursuit of the 13th Note* |
| 1991 | "Nothing Has Changed" | 88 |  | | 78 |
| | "Power and Glory" |  |  | |  |
| | "Jus' Reach" |  |  |  | *A Joyful Noise Unto the Creator* |
| 1992 | "Skunk Funk" | 41 | |  |  |
| | "Prince of Peace" | 47 | |  | 74 |
| | "Jus' Reach Recycled" | 66 | |  |  |
| 1994 | "Long Time Gone" | 15 | 126 |  | *The Plot Thickens* |
| | "Twyford Down" | 37 |  | |  |
| 1996 | "Ease Your Mind" | 45 |  |  | *:4* |
| | "Roofing Tiles" | 81 |  | |  |
| 2024 | "Circles Going Round The Sun" |  |  |  | *Halfway Somewhere* |
| | "Pleasure, Joy & Happiness" |  |  | |  |
| "—" denotes "did not chart or was not released". | | | | | |


title: Pål Bang-Hansen

abstract: Pål Bang-Hansen was a Norwegian actor, film director, screenwriter and film critic. He is particularly known as a television personality and film expert at the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, leading the television film show Filmmagasinet for more than thirty years.

text:
# Pål Bang-Hansen

**Pål Bang-Hansen** (29 July 1937 – 25 March 2010) was a Norwegian actor, film director, screenwriter and film critic. He is particularly known as a television personality and film expert at the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, leading the television film show *Filmmagasinet* for more than thirty years.

## Early life and career

Bang-Hansen was born in Oslo, the son of writer Odd Bang-Hansen (1908–1984) and physician Elise Aas. He was married to Oddbjørg Havik, and was the brother of actor and theatre director Kjetil Bang-Hansen (born 1940). As a young boy he regularly participated in audio plays for children. Among his main characters were the master detective "Blomkvist" in adaptations of Astrid Lindgren's children's books (the Bill Bergson series). He made his film debut as a child, when he played the character "Sofus" in Arne Skouen's film *Gategutter* from 1949. He played the character "Tom" in the children's film *Tom og Mette på sporet* from 1952, directed by Lauritz Falk, based a book by Bang-Hansen's father. After finishing his examen artium in 1957 he worked for a time on film commercials. He studied film in Italy at *Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia*, the Italian National film school, from 1959 to 1961, and spent one year with the Italian film industry. He was a journalist and film critic for the newspaper *Arbeiderbladet* from 1962 to 1966.

## Film director

Bang-Hansen directed six films. His first film production was *Skrift i sne* (*Script in Snow*) from 1966. He produced the agent film *Douglas* in 1970. His satirical film *Norske byggeklosser* (1972) was a great success. In 1973 he made the film *Kanarifuglen*, and in 1974 the thriller *Bortreist på ubestemt tid*, based on a crime novel by Sigrun Krokvik. His last film was the political drama *Kronprinsen* from 1979, based on a true story, with Bjørn Sundquist making his debut in the leading role.

## Film critic

Despite his success as a filmmaker Bang-Hansen has for several generations been best known throughout Norway as one of the nation's leading film critics, while working in that capacity for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) for forty years, from 1967 to 2007. He was anchor for the regular television show *Filmmagasinet* from 1966 to 1989. Another of his film programs was *I objektivet* from 1969 to 1976, where he introduced more special films to the public. In his role at NRK he was the one and only film presenter on Norwegian television for decades.

Bang-Hansen regularly reported from film festivals in Europe, notably from the Cannes Film Festival consecutively for more than forty years, and also the Berlin Film Festival and the Lübeck Nordic Film Days. Over the years he conducted interviews with Alfred Hitchcock, Gina Lollobrigida, Peter Sellers, and Jodie Foster. He is the only Norwegian to have interviewed John Lennon.

## Writer

Among his books are *Dager med Douglas* from 1970, *24 ganger i sekundet* from 1988, and *Norske filmplakatar 1917–1988* from 1989. He has also written travel books. Among his posthumous works is a film script about an undercover resistance group from World War II, a branch of the clandestine organization XU.

## Awards

Bang-Hansen was awarded the Gullruten honorary prize in 2001. In 2002 he was given the Amanda Honorary Award, shared with Rolv Wesenlund. He was awarded the Aamot statuette in 2009. Shortly before his death, in March 2010, he was awarded the order *Den Hvide Knap* from the Norwegian Students' Society's theatre *Teater Neuf* in Oslo.

He died in March 2010, having been diagnosed with skin cancer a week before.

## Selected filmography

* *Trost i taklampa* (1955)
* *Kvinnens plass* (1956)
* *Skrift i sne* (1966)
* *Douglas* (1970)
* *Norske byggeklosser* (1972)
* *Kanarifuglen* (1973)
* *Bortreist på ubestemt tid* (1974)
* *Kronprinsen* (1979)

## InfoBox

| Pål Bang-Hansen | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Pål Bang-Hansen
(1937-07-29)29 July 1937
Oslo, Norway |
| Died | 25 March 2010(2010-03-25) (aged 72) |
| Occupation | Actor, reporter, film critic, film director, screenwriter |
| Period | 1949–2010 |
| Genre | Film |
| Notable works | *Skrift i sne*; *Douglas*; *Norske byggeklosser*; *Kronprinsen* |
| Notable awards | Gullruten, Amanda Honorary Award |
| Spouse | Oddbjorg Havik |
| Relatives | Odd Bang-Hansen (father)
Kjetil Bang-Hansen (brother) |


title: Burnettweldia plumbella

abstract: Burnettweldia plumbella, also known as the beaked twig gall wasp, is a species of gall wasp. Previously in the genus Disholcaspis, it was moved into a new genus, Burnettweldia, in 2021. This wasp induces galls on oak trees, including blue oak, leather oak, Muller's oak, and scrub oaks. The galls are up to 15 mm in diameter and brightly colored, coming in either red with yellow spots or green with yellow spots. Their name comes from the galls' pointed tip. Galls are formed in spring and summer, and adults emerge from them in November and December. The adult wasps are 3–4 mm in length.

text:
# Burnettweldia plumbella

***Burnettweldia plumbella***, also known as the **beaked twig gall wasp**, is a species of gall wasp. Previously in the genus *Disholcaspis*, it was moved into a new genus, *Burnettweldia*, in 2021. This wasp induces galls on oak trees, including blue oak, leather oak, Muller's oak, and scrub oaks. The galls are up to 15 mm in diameter and brightly colored, coming in either red with yellow spots or green with yellow spots. Their name comes from the galls' pointed tip. Galls are formed in spring and summer, and adults emerge from them in November and December. The adult wasps are 3–4 mm in length.

## InfoBox

| *Burnettweldia plumbella* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| The galls formed by *Burnettweldia plumbella* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Cynipidae |
| Genus: | *Burnettweldia* |
| Species: | ***B. plumbella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Burnettweldia plumbella***<br>Kinsey, 1920 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Disholcaspis plumbella* | |


title: Colin Kirton

abstract: Colin Kirton is a Malaysian stage and television actor. He is also known for his work as a director, trainer, musician, singer, choir director, host/emcee and voice actor. He was nominated for Best Vocal Performance (Solo) at the 2007 BOH Cameronian Arts Awards for his leading role in the Kuala Lumpur Performing Arts Centre’s 2006 production of Broken Bridges – The Musical and won for Best Group Performance (Theatre) as part of the ensemble of Footstool Players' production of Crazy Little Thing Called Love, which he also created, produced and directed, at the 2009 BOH Cameronian Arts Awards. On television, Kirton is best known for playing Edmund Soo in Season 2 of Ghost (2009), a supernatural mystery thriller series produced by Popiah Pictures, Colonel Williams in Double Vision's period drama Age of Glory 2 (2010) and Mr Smith in MediaCorp's Mining Magnate (2012/2013). In 2001, Kirton formed Footstool Players, a Christian theatre company whose touring productions are watched by thousands each year across Malaysia. He is currently the company's artistic director. Kirton also regularly teaches on issues pertaining to the arts and Christian spirituality. Kirton trained in professional theatre at Rosebud School of the Arts and Rosebud Theatre in Canada. He is of Scottish, Chinese, Nyonya and Burmese ancestry and was born in Kuantan. His father, Eric Kirton, came to Malaya during the Malayan Emergency and later married his mother, Tan Cheng Kim, whom he met at a church camp. His paternal great grandfather, William Waddell, working for his uncle Sir Robert McAlpine, oversaw the building of the renowned West Highland Railway and Glenfinnan Viaduct in Scotland, famously featured in the Harry Potter movies.

text:
# Colin Kirton

**Colin Kirton** is a Malaysian stage and television actor. He is also known for his work as a director, trainer, musician, singer, choir director, host/emcee and voice actor. He was nominated for Best Vocal Performance (Solo) at the 2007 BOH Cameronian Arts Awards for his leading role in the Kuala Lumpur Performing Arts Centre’s 2006 production of *Broken Bridges – The Musical* and won for Best Group Performance (Theatre) as part of the ensemble of Footstool Players' production of *Crazy Little Thing Called Love*, which he also created, produced and directed, at the 2009 BOH Cameronian Arts Awards.

On television, Kirton is best known for playing Edmund Soo in Season 2 of *Ghost* (2009), a supernatural mystery thriller series produced by Popiah Pictures, Colonel Williams in Double Vision's period drama *Age of Glory 2* (2010) and Mr Smith in MediaCorp's *Mining Magnate* (2012/2013).

In 2001, Kirton formed Footstool Players, a Christian theatre company whose touring productions are watched by thousands each year across Malaysia. He is currently the company's artistic director. Kirton also regularly teaches on issues pertaining to the arts and Christian spirituality.

Kirton trained in professional theatre at Rosebud School of the Arts and Rosebud Theatre in Canada.

He is of Scottish, Chinese, Nyonya and Burmese ancestry and was born in Kuantan. His father, Eric Kirton, came to Malaya during the Malayan Emergency and later married his mother, Tan Cheng Kim, whom he met at a church camp. His paternal great grandfather, William Waddell, working for his uncle Sir Robert McAlpine, oversaw the building of the renowned West Highland Railway and Glenfinnan Viaduct in Scotland, famously featured in the *Harry Potter* movies.

## InfoBox

| Colin Kirton | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Colin Kirton<br>Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia |
| Occupation | Actor |


title: Corlissina

abstract: Corlissina is a genus of karyorelict ciliates in the family Geleiidae. Only the type species Corlissina maricaensis is assigned to this genus. Corlissina is characterized by a paroral ciliature with two rows of polykineties forming a loop at the posterior end. The dikinetids of the adoral zone are organized in short polykineties, followed by a row of monokinetids. The two globular macronuclei are linked by a single micronucleus, a pattern found in most Geleiidae. The genus name is a taxonomic patronym honoring the protistologist John O. Corliss. Comparison and phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA sequences showed that Corlissina maricaensis is the sister group to Parduczia orbis. In turn, these two genera form a clade with Geleia.

text:
# Corlissina

***Corlissina*** is a genus of karyorelict ciliates in the family Geleiidae. Only the type species *Corlissina maricaensis* is assigned to this genus.

*Corlissina* is characterized by a paroral ciliature with two rows of polykineties forming a loop at the posterior end. The dikinetids of the adoral zone are organized in short polykineties, followed by a row of monokinetids. The two globular macronuclei are linked by a single micronucleus, a pattern found in most Geleiidae.

The genus name is a taxonomic patronym honoring the protistologist John O. Corliss.

Comparison and phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA sequences showed that *Corlissina maricaensis* is the sister group to *Parduczia orbis*. In turn, these two genera form a clade with *Geleia*.

## InfoBox

| *Corlissina* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| *Clade*: | Diaphoretickes |
| *Clade*: | SAR |
| *Clade*: | Alveolata |
| Phylum: | Ciliophora |
| Subphylum: | Postciliodesmatophora |
| Class: | Karyorelictea |
| Order: | Protoheterotrichida |
| Family: | Geleiidae |
| Genus: | *Corlissina*<br>Campello-Nunes, Fernandes, Schlegel & Silva-Neto 2015 |
|
| Species | |
| * *Corlissina maricaensis* | |


title: Saint-Étienne-au-Temple

abstract: Saint-Étienne-au-Temple is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.

text:
# Saint-Étienne-au-Temple

**Saint-Étienne-au-Temple** (French pronunciation: \[sɛ̃.t‿etjɛn o tɑ̃pl\]) is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.

## InfoBox

| Saint-Étienne-au-Temple | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall in Saint-Étienne-au-Temple | |
| Location of Saint-Étienne-au-Temple | |
| Saint-Étienne-au-TempleSaint-Étienne-au-Temple | |
| Coordinates: 49°01′32″N 4°25′28″E / 49.0256°N 4.4244°E / 49.0256; 4.4244 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Grand Est |
| Department | Marne |
| Arrondissement | Châlons-en-Champagne |
| Canton | Châlons-en-Champagne-3 |
| Intercommunality | CA Châlons-en-Champagne |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Cyril Pointud |
| Area**1** | 11.94 km2 (4.61 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 803 |
| Density | 67/km2 (170/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 51476 /51460 |
| Elevation | 130 m (430 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Saint-Étienne-aux-Clos

abstract: Saint-Étienne-aux-Clos is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

text:
# Saint-Étienne-aux-Clos

**Saint-Étienne-aux-Clos** (French pronunciation: \[sɛ̃.t‿etjɛn o klo\]; Auvergnat: *Sent Estefe deus Chaus*) is a commune in the Corrèze department in central France.

## Geography

The Chavanon forms most of the commune's eastern boundary.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 257 |  |
| 1968 | 278 | +8.2% |
| 1975 | 228 | −18.0% |
| 1982 | 203 | −11.0% |
| 1990 | 198 | −2.5% |
| 1999 | 211 | +6.6% |
| 2008 | 234 | +10.9% |

## InfoBox

| Saint-Étienne-aux-Clos | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall and school in Saint-Étienne-aux-Clos | |
|  | |
| Location of Saint-Étienne-aux-Clos | |
| Saint-Étienne-aux-ClosSaint-Étienne-aux-Clos | |
| Coordinates: 45°34′10″N 2°27′40″E / 45.5694°N 2.4611°E / 45.5694; 2.4611 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine |
| Department | Corrèze |
| Arrondissement | Ussel |
| Canton | Haute-Dordogne |
| Intercommunality | Haute-Corrèze Communauté |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20212026) | Isabelle Briquet |
| Area**1** | 34.78 km2 (13.43 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 246 |
| Density | 7.1/km2 (18/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 19199 /19200 |
| Elevation | 555–793 m (1,821–2,602 ft)
(avg. 750 m or 2,460 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Sacher Park

abstract: Sacher Park is the largest public park in the center of Jerusalem, near the neighborhoods of Kiryat Wolfson and Nachlaot and adjoins the Israel Government Complex. The park was created in 1963, and named after Harry Sacher, a significant figure in the World Zionist Organization. It was designed by Yahalom Tzur, It includes lawns, walking paths, picnic areas, playgrounds, skateboard rinks, and a dog run. In April 1996, a Bonshō, a large Japanese bell, was installed in the park. It is engraved with inscriptions in Hebrew, Arabic, Japanese, and English, all containing the word “peace,” as well as an engraving of a verse from Psalms: "Pray for the peace of Jerusalem; serene will be those who love you."

text:
# Sacher Park

**Sacher Park** (Hebrew: גן סאקר) is the largest public park in the center of Jerusalem, near the neighborhoods of Kiryat Wolfson and Nachlaot and adjoins the Israel Government Complex.

The park was created in 1963, and named after Harry Sacher, a significant figure in the World Zionist Organization. It was designed by Yahalom Tzur, It includes lawns, walking paths, picnic areas, playgrounds, skateboard rinks, and a dog run.

In April 1996, a *Bonshō*, a large Japanese bell, was installed in the park. It is engraved with inscriptions in Hebrew, Arabic, Japanese, and English, all containing the word “peace,” as well as an engraving of a verse from Psalms (Tehillim 122): "Pray for the peace of Jerusalem; serene will be those who love you."

## Facilities

The park has a number of facilities for its visitors, including a large playground, running track, an outdoor exercise machine area, soccer and basketball courts, drinking fountains and containers for hot barbecue coals (when you've finished with them, so as not to start a fire).

## InfoBox

| Sacher Park | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Type | Urban park |
| Location | Jerusalem |
| Coordinates | 31°46′50″N 35°12′28″E / 31.7806°N 35.2077°E / 31.7806; 35.2077 |
| Area | 163 dunams (40 acres) |
| Created | 1963 |
| Status | Open all year |


title: Estadio Jorge Andrade

abstract: Estadio Jorge Andrade is a multi-use stadium in Azogues, Ecuador. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Deportivo Azogues and Gualaceo. The stadium holds 14,000 people and opened in 1984. Because of the capacity requirements of the Serie B and Segunda División, the stadium is being used in place of the regular stadium, Estadio Federativo.

text:
# Estadio Jorge Andrade

**Estadio Jorge Andrade** is a multi-use stadium in Azogues, Ecuador. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Deportivo Azogues and Gualaceo. The stadium holds 14,000 people and opened in 1984. Because of the capacity requirements of the Serie B and Segunda División, the stadium is being used in place of the regular stadium, Estadio Federativo.

## InfoBox

Estadio Jorge Andrade
| Stadium in 2021 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Full name | Estadio Jorge Andrade Cantos |
| Location | Azogues, Ecuador |
| Coordinates | 2°44′59″S 78°50′37″W / 2.7496°S 78.8437°W / -2.7496; -78.8437 |
| Capacity | 14,000 |
| Surface | grass |
| Opened | 1984 |
| Tenants | |
| Deportivo Azogues<br>Gualaceo | |


title: Ehsan Wyne

abstract:
Ehsan Wyne is a Pakistani lawyer, political activist and secretary general of the Awami National Party.
He received his bachelor's degree from Government Emerson College Multan, and did LLB from SM Law College, Karachi.
An active member of the National Awami Party since 1968, he was arrested numerous times due to his opposition to the military governments of Ayub Khan and Zia-ul Haq. In 2002-2003 he briefly served as Awami National Party acting President after the party leadership resigned following its shock defeat in the 2002 general elections.

text:
# Ehsan Wyne

**Ehsan Wyne** (born 3 May 1938) is a Pakistani lawyer, political activist and secretary general of the Awami National Party. He received his bachelor's degree from Government Emerson College Multan, and did LLB from SM Law College, Karachi. An active member of the National Awami Party since 1968, he was arrested numerous times due to his opposition to the military governments of Ayub Khan and Zia-ul Haq. In 2002-2003 he briefly served as Awami National Party acting President after the party leadership resigned following its shock defeat in the 2002 general elections.


title: Botanophila discreta

abstract: Botanophila discreta is a species of fly in the family Anthomyiidae. It is found in the Palearctic.

text:
# Botanophila discreta

***Botanophila discreta*** is a species of fly in the family Anthomyiidae. It is found in the Palearctic.

## InfoBox

| *Botanophila discreta* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Botanophila discreta* North Wales | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Anthomyiidae |
| Subfamily: | Anthomyiinae |
| Tribe: | Anthomyini |
| Genus: | *Botanophila* |
| Species: | ***B. discreta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Botanophila discreta***<br>(Meigen, 1826) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Anthomyia discreta* Meigen, 1826 | |