title: Rättighetsalliansen

abstract: Rättighetsalliansen is a Swedish lobby group representing companies and organisations within the Swedish film and computer game industry. Its activities involve promoting copyright issues and fighting copyright infringement. The chairman is Björn Gregfelt, while Henrik Pontén works as a jurist and the group's public relations man. Rättighetsalliansen was formed in 2011 as the successor to the former Svenska Antipiratbyrån, which was originally founded in 2001 by three groups: Filmägarnas Kontrollbyrå, MDTS, and Sveriges Videodistributörers Förening, which together represent over 30 companies. The group's members are Noble Distribution Sweden AB, NonStop Entertainment AB, Nordisk Film AB, Paramount Home Entertainment Sweden AB, Sony Pictures Releasing Sweden AB, AB Svensk Filmindustri, Twentieth Century Fox, Sweden Aktiebolag/Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment AB, Universal Pictures Nordic AB, Walt Disney Company Nordic AB and Warner Bros. Entertainment Sverige AB. In the public's mind it is seen as an opponent of Piratbyrån. The organization was dissolved in 2011 to form part of the Rights Alliance.

text:
# Rättighetsalliansen

**Rättighetsalliansen** (lit.'the Rights Alliance') is a Swedish lobby group representing companies and organisations within the Swedish film and computer game industry. Its activities involve promoting copyright issues and fighting copyright infringement. The chairman is Björn Gregfelt, while Henrik Pontén works as a jurist and the group's public relations man.

Rättighetsalliansen was formed in 2011 as the successor to the former **Svenska Antipiratbyrån** (the Swedish Anti-Piracy Agency), which was originally founded in 2001 by three groups: Filmägarnas Kontrollbyrå, MDTS, and Sveriges Videodistributörers Förening, which together represent over 30 companies.

The group's members are Noble Distribution Sweden AB, NonStop Entertainment AB, Nordisk Film AB, Paramount Home Entertainment Sweden AB, Sony Pictures Releasing Sweden AB, AB Svensk Filmindustri, Twentieth Century Fox, Sweden Aktiebolag/Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment AB, Universal Pictures Nordic AB, Walt Disney Company Nordic AB and Warner Bros. Entertainment Sverige AB.

In the public's mind it is seen as an opponent of Piratbyrån.

The organization was dissolved in 2011 to form part of the Rights Alliance.

1. "COPYRIOT | Antipiratbyrån förvandlas till Rättighetsalliansen och ger sig på en 15-åring". 2013-01-21. Archived from the original on 2013-01-21. Retrieved 2022-07-26.


title: Brazilian blind snake

abstract: The Brazilian blind snake is a species of snake in the family Leptotyphlopidae.

text:
# Brazilian blind snake

The **Brazilian blind snake** (***Trilepida brasiliensis***) is a species of snake in the family Leptotyphlopidae.

## InfoBox

| Brazilian blind snake | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Leptotyphlopidae |
| Genus: | *Trilepida* |
| Species: | ***T. brasiliensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trilepida brasiliensis***<br>Laurent, 1949 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Leptotyphlops brasiliensis* | |


title: Rönesans Education Foundation

text:
# Rönesans Education Foundation

The Ronesans Education Foundation was established in 2009 by the Rönesans Holding Honorary President Bekir Ilıcak. The Foundation keeps on maintaining its activities through the donations of Ilıcak family. The Rönesans Education Foundation Board of Directors President is Refia Jale Ilıcak. The Foundation is providing non-refundable grant scholarship for undergraduate and postgraduate students and implementing various projects at homeland and abroad, in fields of health, culture, science and sports, education being at first place. This foundation gives many students scholarships every year in ted ronesans anatolian school.

## InfoBox

The Ronesans Education Foundation
|
|  |
| Abbreviation | REV |
| Type | NGO |
| Headquarters | Istanbul, Turkey |
| Leader | Refia Jale Ilıcak |
| Website | www.rev.com.tr |


title: Bread and Authority in Russia

abstract: Bread and Authority in Russia, 1914—1921, is a history book by Lars T. Lih about the food crisis in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union.

text:
# Bread and Authority in Russia

***Bread and Authority in Russia, 1914—1921***, is a history book by Lars T. Lih about the food crisis in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union (war communism).

## Description

In his controversial work, which was originally a PhD thesis of Lars Lih, he claims that the seven-year period he examined was the key to understanding the causes and course of the Russian Revolution. The book, containing eighteen tables, seventeen of which are in the final chapter, is intended for specialists and includes a bibliographic list useful for researchers of the Russian food crisis of the times of World War I and war communism.

## Bibliography

Books Articles * Andreyev, C. Catherine L. (1994). "Review of Bread and Authority in Russia, 1914—1921". **109** (431) (The English Historical Review ed.): 518–519. JSTOR 574173. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
* Atkinson, Dorothy Grace Gillis (1991). "Review of Bread and Authority in Russia, 1914—1921". **96** (5) (The American Historical Review ed.): 1583. doi:10.2307/2165392. JSTOR 2165392. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
* Borrero, Mauricio (1994). "Review of Bread and Authority in Russia, 1914—1921". **53** (4) (Slavic Review ed.): 1169–1171. doi:10.2307/2500893. JSTOR 2500893. S2CID 164437640. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
* Channon, John (1992). "From Muzhik to Kolkhoznik: Some Recent Western and Soviet Studies of Peasants in Late Imperial and Early Soviet Russia". *The Slavonic and East European Review*. **70** (1) (The Slavonic and East European Review ed.): 127–139. JSTOR 4210868  via Ben Eklof, Stephen P. Frank, Esther Kingston-Mann, Timothy Mixter, Christine D. Worobec, Lars T. Lih, Orlando Figes, V. V. Kabanov, Stephan Merl.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
* Fraunholtz, Peter (1991). "Review of Bread and Authority in Russia, 1914—1921". **15** (1/2) (Harvard Ukrainian Studies ed.): 226–228. JSTOR 41036423. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
* Häfner, Lutz (1991). "Review of Bread and Authority in Russia, 1914—1921. Studies on the History of Society and Culture, Band 10" (in German). **39** (2) (Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas ed.): 280–283. JSTOR 41048603. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
* Hickey, Michael C. (2005). "Joshua A. Sanborn. Drafting the Russian Nation: Military Conscription, Total War, and Mass Politics, 1905—1925. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2003. x, 278 pp. $40.00". *Canadian-American Slavic Studies*. **39** (2–3) (Canadian-American Slavic Studies ed.): 309–311. doi:10.1163/221023905x00295. ISSN 2210-2396.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
* Himmer, Robert (1994). "The Transition from War Communism to the New Economic Policy: An Analysis of Stalin's Views". *Russian Review*. **53** (4) (The Russian Review ed.): 515–529. doi:10.2307/130963. JSTOR 130963.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
* Lavery, W. J. (April 1991). "Bread and Authority in Russia, 1914—1921". *History: Reviews of New Books*. **19** (4) (History: Reviews of New Books ed.): 175–176. doi:10.1080/03612759.1991.9949380. ISSN 0361-2759.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
* Manning, R. T. (1992). "Review of Bread and Authority in Russia, 1914—1921". **66** (2) (Agricultural History ed.): 367–368. JSTOR 3743869. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
    + Tutino, John M. (1992). "Review of Communities of Grain: Rural Rebellion in Comparative Perspective". **66** (2) (Agricultural History ed.): 365–367. JSTOR 3743868. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
* Offer, Avner (1992). "Review of Bread and Authority in Russia, 1914—1921". **45** (2) (The Economic History Review ed.): 441–442. doi:10.2307/2597659. JSTOR 2597659. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
* Bertrand Patenaude (1992). "Review of Bread and Authority in Russia, 1914—1921". **64** (3) (The Journal of Modern History ed.): 633–635. JSTOR 2124627. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
    + Bertrand Patenaude (September 1992). "Bread and Authority in Russia, 1914—1921. Lars T. Lih , Victoria E. Bonnell, Lynn Hunt". *The Journal of Modern History*. **64** (3) (The Journal of Modern History ed.): 633–635. doi:10.1086/244544. ISSN 0022-2801.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
* Maureen Perrie (1990). "Food Supply in a Time of Troubles: Grain Procurement and the Russian Revolution". *Peasant Studies Newsletter*. **17** (3) (Peasant Studies ed.): 217–225. ISSN 0149-1547  via University of Utah; University of Pittsburgh, Dept. of History.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
* Rosenberg, William G. (1987). "Review of The Economic Organization of War Communism, 1918—1921". **92** (3) (The American Historical Review ed.): 712–713. doi:10.2307/1870016. JSTOR 1870016. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
* Christoph Schmidt (1995). "Review of Bread and Justice. State and Society in Petrograd 1917—1922". **43** (2) (Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas ed.): 282–283. JSTOR 41052951. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
* Smele, Jonathan D. (2006). "Review of Experiencing Russia's Civil War: Politics, Society and Revolutionary Culture in Saratov, 1917—1922, ; The Big Show in Bololand: The American Relief Expedition to Soviet Russia in the Famine of 1921". **31** (1) (Social History ed.): 118–121. JSTOR 4287315. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)

## InfoBox

Bread and Authority in Russia
| Cover of the first edition (1990) | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Lars T. Lih |
| Subject | Russian history |
| Published | 1990 (University of California Press) |
| Pages | 303 |
| ISBN | 9780520065840 |


title: S. Sivapalan

abstract: Subramaniam Sivapalan was a Ceylon Tamil politician and Member of Parliament.

text:
# S. Sivapalan

**Subramaniam Sivapalan** was a Ceylon Tamil politician and Member of Parliament.

## Early life

Sivapalan was born around 1890. He was the son of M. Subramaniam, a Secretary of the District Court in Trincomalee in eastern British Ceylon. He was educated at the Wesleyan Mission English School, Trincomalee, St. Patrick's College, Jaffna and Wesley College, Colombo. He joined the Government Clerical Service.

Sivapalan was appointed Vanniya (chief headman) of Kaddukulam Pattu Division in 1935. Later he was appointed Vanniya of Thampalakamam Division.

Sivapalan married Bagavathy, daughter of Somasundaram. They had five sons (Sivarajan, Sundararajan, Sriskantharajah, Varatharajan and Ganeshan) and one daughter (Vimaladevi).

## Political career

Sivapalan was the All Ceylon Tamil Congress's candidate for Trincomalee at the 1947 parliamentary election. He won the election and entered Parliament. He stood for re-election at the 1952 parliamentary election but was defeated by the Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi candidate.

* Arumugam, S. (1997). *Dictionary of Biography of the Tamils of Ceylon*. p. 201.

## InfoBox

| Hon.S. SivapalanMP | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Ceylonese Parliament
for Trincomalee | |
| **In office**
20 September 1947  30 May 1952 | |
| Succeeded by | N. R. Rajavarothiam, ITAK |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | c. 1890 |
| Died | 1960 |
| Alma mater | Wesleyan Mission English School
St. Patrick's College
Wesley College |
| Ethnicity | Ceylon Tamil |
|  | |


title: SGK3

abstract: Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SGK3 gene.

text:
# SGK3

**Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk3** is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the *SGK3* gene.

## Function

This gene is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family and encodes a phosphoprotein with a PX (phox homology) domain. The protein phosphorylates several target proteins and has a role in neutral amino acid transport and activation of potassium and chloride channels. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized.

In melanocytic cells SGK3 gene expression may be regulated by MITF.

## Interactions

SGK3 has been shown to interact with GSK3B.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| SGK3 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | SGK3, CISK, SGK2, SGKL, serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase family member 3 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 607591; MGI: 2182368; HomoloGene: 56582; GeneCards: SGK3; OMA:SGK3 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_170709
NM\_001033578
NM\_013257   NM\_001037759
NM\_133220
NM\_177547   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001191102
NP\_001028750
NP\_037389
NP\_733827   NP\_001032848
NP\_573483
NP\_808215   Location (UCSC) Chr 8: 66.71 – 66.86 Mb Chr 1: 9.87 – 9.97 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: SA (album)

abstract: .mw-parser-output.tracklist{border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output.tracklist tr{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output.tracklist tr:nth-child(2n-1){background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output.tracklist caption{text-align:left;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output.tracklist td,.mw-parser-output.tracklist th[scope="row"]{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output.tracklist th[scope="col"]{text-align:left;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}.mw-parser-output.tracklist th.tracklist-length-header,.mw-parser-output.tracklist th.tracklist-number-header,.mw-parser-output.tracklist th[scope="row"],.mw-parser-output.tracklist-length,.mw-parser-output.tracklist-total-length td{padding-right:10px;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output.tracklist th[scope="row"]{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output.tracklist-number-header{width:2em;padding-left:10px}.mw-parser-output.tracklist-length-header{width:4em}.mw-parser-output.tracklist tr.tracklist-total-length{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output.tracklist.tracklist-total-length th{padding:0;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output.tracklist-total-length th>span{float:right;padding:0 10px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}.mw-parser-output.tracklist-total-length td{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);font-weight:bold;padding:0 10px 0 0} SA is Ami Suzuki's debut album released under label Sony Music Japan on 25 March 1999.

text:
# SA (album)

**SA** is Ami Suzuki's debut album released under label Sony Music Japan on 25 March 1999.

## Background information

The album was released on March 25, 1999, through True Kiss Disc, former sub-label of Sony Music Japan dedicated exclusively to artists produced by Tetsuya Komuro. The album was then released on MiniDisc format on April 29, 1999. Its title comes from Suzuki's initials.

The album also received the "Pop Album of the Year" award at the 14th Japan Gold Disc Awards.

A digitally remastered version of the album was subsequently released on Blu-spec CD format on September 11, 2013, simultaneously with her second album *Infinity Eighteen Vol. 1*.

## Chart performance

The album topped the Oricon charts, sold over 2.5 million copies and achieved platinum status by the Recording Industry Association of Japan.

## Track listing

CD, MiniDisc
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Arrangement | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Nothing Without You" | Marc | Tetsuya Komuro | Komuro, Cozy Kubo | 4:13 |
| 2. | "Stories Behind" | Marc, Ami Suzuki | Kubo | Kubo | 2:00 |
| 3. | "Alone In My Room" | Komuro, Marc | Komuro | Komuro | 5:00 |
| 4. | "White Key" | Marc, Komuro | Kubo, Komuro | Kubo, Komuro | 3:46 |
| 5. | "Another World" | Marc | Kubo | Kubo | 3:46 |
| 6. | "Love The Island" | Komuro, Marc | Komuro | Komuro | 4:55 |
| 7. | "Don't Leave Me Behind" | Panther, Ami | Komuro | Kubo, Komuro | 4:39 |
| 8. | "Boku no Shiawase (ボクのしあわせ)" | Takahiro Maeda | Kubo | Kubo | 4:32 |
| 9. | "In My Diary..." | Marc | Kubo | Kubo | 3:40 |
| 10. | "Asu, Atsuku, Motto, Tsuyoku (明日、あつく、もっと、つよく)" | Komuro, Hiroshi Hiruma | Komuro | Kubo | 5:06 |
| 11. | "Private Sky" | Marc | Kubo | Kubo | 3:41 |
| 12. | "All Night Long" | Komuro, Marc | Komuro | Komuro | 4:50 |
| 13. | "Silent Stream" | Marc | Kubo | Kubo | 5:18 |
| 14. | "...Smile" | Maeda | Kubo | Kubo | 1:52 |

## Singles

| Date | Title | Peak position | Sales |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 July 1998 | "Love the Island" | 5 | 288,000 |
| 17 September 1998 | "Alone in My Room" | 2 | 353,000 |
| 5 November 1998 | "All Night Long" | 2 | 346,820 |
| 16 December 1998 | "White Key" | 2 | 503,000 |
| 17 February 1999 | "Nothing Without You" | 3 | 411,000 |
| 17 March 1999 | "Don't Leave Me Behind/Silent Stream" | 3 | 273,000 |

## InfoBox

| SA | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Ami Suzuki | |
| Released | 25 March 1999 |
| Recorded | 1998 |
| Genre | J-pop |
| Length | 58:11 |
| Label | Sony
AICT-1050 (Japan, CD)
AIYT 9002 (Japan, MiniDisc) |
| Producer | Tetsuya Komuro |
| Ami Suzuki chronology | |
| ***SA***
(1999) *infinity eighteen vol.1,*
(2000) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *SA* | |
| 1. "Love the Island"
Released: 1 July 1998 2. "Alone in My Room"
Released: 17 September 1998 3. "All Night Long"
Released: 5 November 1998 4. "White Key"
Released: 16 December 1998 5. "Nothing Without You"
Released: 17 February 1999 6. "Don't Leave Me Behind/Silent Stream"
Released: 17 March 1999 | |
|  | |


title: SH3GL1

abstract: Endophilin-A2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SH3GL1 gene.

text:
# SH3GL1

**Endophilin-A2** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *SH3GL1* gene.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| SH3GL1 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | SH3GL1, CNSA1, EEN, SH3D2B, SH3P8, SH3 domain containing GRB2 like 1, endophilin A2 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 601768; MGI: 700010; HomoloGene: 55709; GeneCards: SH3GL1; OMA:SH3GL1 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001199943
NM\_001199944
NM\_003025   NM\_001252471
NM\_013664
NM\_001357649   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001186872
NP\_001186873
NP\_003016
NP\_003016.1   NP\_001239400
NP\_038692
NP\_001344578   Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 4.36 – 4.4 Mb Chr 17: 56.32 – 56.34 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: SH3KBP1

abstract: SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 is an adaptor protein that in humans is encoded by the SH3KBP1 gene.

text:
# SH3KBP1

**SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 (synonyms - CIN85****, in rodents - Ruk****)** is an adaptor protein that in humans is encoded by the *SH3KBP1* gene.

## Function

CBL (MIM 165360) constitutively interacts with SH3 domain-containing proteins and, upon tyrosine phosphorylation, with SH2 domain-containing proteins. The SH3KBP1 gene encodes an 85-kD CBL-interacting protein that enhances tumor necrosis factor (MIM 191160)-mediated apoptotic cell death (Narita et al., 2001).\[supplied by OMIM\]

## Interactions

SH3KBP1 has been shown to interact with B-cell linker, Grb2, SH3GLB2, SH3GL3, SH3GL2, BCAR1, Epidermal growth factor receptor, CBLB, Cbl gene, SOS1, CRK and PAK2.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| SH3KBP1 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Available structures  PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | SH3KBP1, CD2BP3, CIN85, GIG10, HSB-1, HSB1, MIG18, SH3 domain containing kinase binding protein 1, IMD61, AGMX2 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 300374; MGI: 1889583; HomoloGene: 10971; GeneCards: SH3KBP1; OMA:SH3KBP1 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)    RefSeq (protein)    Location (UCSC) Chr X: 19.53 – 19.89 Mb Chr X: 158.41 – 158.76 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: SAI Ambrosini

abstract: SAI Ambrosini was an Italian aircraft manufacturer. The company was established in Passignano sul Trasimeno, Italy, in 1922 as the Società Aeronautica Italiana. It became SAI Ambrosini when it was acquired by the Ambrosini group in 1934. Prior to World War II, the firm built a number of light touring and racing aircraft, the most successful of which was the SAI.7. During the war, this design served as the basis for some light fighter designs, but these did not enter mass production. Ambrosini was reformed in 1946 and continued with the development and manufacture of the SAI.7 design, eventually producing jet fighter prototypes based on it, but these were not successful. During the 1980s, the firm ventured into boatbuilding and eventually into oil rigs before closing in 1992.

text:
# SAI Ambrosini

**SAI *Ambrosini*** was an Italian aircraft manufacturer. The company was established in Passignano sul Trasimeno, Italy, in 1922 as the ***Società Aeronautica Italiana***. It became SAI Ambrosini when it was acquired by the Ambrosini group in 1934. Prior to World War II, the firm built a number of light touring and racing aircraft, the most successful of which was the SAI.7. During the war, this design served as the basis for some light fighter designs, but these did not enter mass production.

Ambrosini was reformed in 1946 and continued with the development and manufacture of the SAI.7 design, eventually producing jet fighter prototypes based on it, but these were not successful. During the 1980s, the firm ventured into boatbuilding (including *Azzurra*, Italy's first America's Cup contender) and eventually into oil rigs before closing in 1992.

## Aircraft

|
|  |
Aircraft built by Ambrosini
| Model name | First flight | Number built | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ambrosini SAI.1 | 1935 | 1 | biplane built for 1935 *Avioraduno del Littorio* air rally |
| Ambrosini SAI.2 | 1934 | 1 | monoplane built for 1935 *Avioraduno del Littorio* air rally |
| Ambrosini SAI.2S | 1937 |  | four seat general aviation light aircraft |
| Ambrosini SAI.3 | 1937 | 10 | General aviation |
| Ambrosini SS.4 | 1939 | 1 | canard layout fighter |
| Ambrosini SAI.7 & S.7 | July 1939 | 159 | 2 pre-war racing aircraft, 10 SAI.7T wartime military trainer and 145 post war |
| Ambrosini SAI.10 *Grifone* | 8 July 1939 | 10 | Trainer |
| Ambrosini SAI.10 *Gabbiano* |  |  | Floatplane |
| Ambrosini SAI.11 |  |  | Trainer |
| Ambrosini SAI.207 | 1940 | 14 | lightweight interceptor developed from SAI.7 |
| Ambrosini SAI.403 *Dardo* | 1943 | 1 | Fighter |
| Ambrosini S.1001 *Grifo* | 1947 |  | General aviation |
| Ambrosini S.1002 *Trasimeno* |  |  | General aviation |
| Ambrosini *Sagittario* | 1953 | 1 | Experimental swept wing jet design |
| Ambrosini Rondone | 1951 | 20 | General aviation |
|

## InfoBox

SAI Ambrosini
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Founded | 1922 (1922) |
| Defunct | 1992 (1992) |
| Headquarters | Passignano sul Trasimeno, Italy |
| Area served | Worldwide |


title: Cynthia Whitcomb

abstract: Cynthia Whitcomb is an American television screenwriter and teacher. She has been nominated for numerous awards including the Emmy, the Edgar and the Humanitas Prize.

text:
# Cynthia Whitcomb

**Cynthia Whitcomb** is an American television screenwriter and teacher. She has been nominated for numerous awards including the Emmy, the Edgar and the Humanitas Prize.

## Background

In 1969, Whitcomb graduated from Pasadena High School in Pasadena, California where she studied drama under Abel Franco. While she was a freshman at UCLA, Franco gave her one of her first professional writing assignments. She received $25 in advance and $25 upon completion to write, "Here," a spoof of the musical, *Hair.* However, the play was never produced due to censorship.

## Selected credits

### Television

| Year | Production | Network | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1999 | *Selma, Lord, Selma* | ABC | Adaptation of the 1997 book by Sheyann Webb, Rachel West and Frank Sikora. Nominated for the Humanitas Prize |
| 1991 | *Mark Twain and Me* | Disney Channel | Based on the book by Dorothy Quick. Nominated for the Humanitas Prize |
| 1989 | *I Know My First Name Is Steven* | NBC | Written with J.P. Miller. Nominated for an Emmy Award |
| 1983 | *Jane Doe* | CBS | Written with Walter Halsey Davis. Nominated for an Edgar Award |
| 1981 | *Leave 'em Laughing* | CBS | Credited as Cynthia Mandelberg and written with Peggy Chantler Dick. Nominated for the Humanitas Prize |

### Theatre

* *Holidazed*, Written with Marc Acito

| Year | Production | Theatre | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1982 | *Looking-Glass* | Entermedia Theatre | Credited as Cynthia Mandelberg and written with Michael Sutton |
| 2023 | *The Ghost of David Belasco* | Lakewood Theatre (Lake Oswego, OR) | A farce in the vein of *Noises Off* and *The Play That Goes Wrong* |


title: Ernest Spencer (cricketer)

abstract: Ernest Spencer was an Australian cricketer. He played two first-class cricket matches for Victoria in 1912. Spencer began his cricket career playing district cricket for North Melbourne, being promoted to the First XI at the age of 16, and he achieved prominence in the 1911/12 season with a solid all-round performance averaging over 70 with the bat. In 1912, he was selected for Victoria as twelfth man against New South Wales and fielded for three days and he was selected to represent Victoria against the touring English team as part of the 1911/12 Ashes series in which he bowled twenty overs. After this he was not reselected and gave up ambitions of representing the State, shifting to playing matting cricket for Flemington & Kensington. He returned to playing district cricket for North Melbourne for the 1922/23 season but in 1925 returned to matting cricket.

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# Ernest Spencer (cricketer)

**Ernest Spencer** (1 May 1888  4 November 1953) was an Australian cricketer. He played two first-class cricket matches for Victoria in 1912.

Spencer began his cricket career playing district cricket for North Melbourne, being promoted to the First XI at the age of 16, and he achieved prominence in the 1911/12 season with a solid all-round performance averaging over 70 with the bat. In 1912, he was selected for Victoria as twelfth man against New South Wales and fielded for three days and he was selected to represent Victoria against the touring English team as part of the 1911/12 Ashes series in which he bowled twenty overs. After this he was not reselected and gave up ambitions of representing the State, shifting to playing matting cricket for Flemington & Kensington. He returned to playing district cricket for North Melbourne for the 1922/23 season but in 1925 returned to matting cricket.

## InfoBox

Ernest Spencer
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1888-05-01)1 May 1888
Melbourne, Australia |
| Died | 4 November 1953(1953-11-04) (aged 65)
Melbourne, Australia |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1912 | Victoria |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 16 November 2015 | |


title: Civil Air Guard

abstract: The Civil Air Guard (C.A.G.) was established by the UK Government in July 1938 to encourage and subsidise pilot training as the prospect of another war loomed. Subsidised tuition for members of participating civilian flying clubs was offered in exchange for an 'honorable undertaking' that in an emergency members would serve in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve. Members of this Civil Air Guard had a dark blue boiler uniform and badges supplied for distinction. When civil aviation ceased not long before the war began in September 1939, most members of the Civil Air Guard enlisted in either the Royal Air Force or the Fleet Air Arm.

text:
# Civil Air Guard

The **Civil Air Guard** (**C.A.G.**) was established by the UK Government in July 1938 to encourage and subsidise pilot training as the prospect of another war loomed. Subsidised tuition for members of participating civilian flying clubs was offered in exchange for an 'honorable undertaking' that in an emergency members would serve in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve. Members of this Civil Air Guard had a dark blue boiler uniform (usually privately purchased) and badges supplied for distinction. When civil aviation ceased not long before the war began in September 1939, most members of the Civil Air Guard enlisted in either the Royal Air Force or the Fleet Air Arm.

## The Civil Air Guard scheme

On 23 July 1938, Sir Kingsley Wood, Secretary of State for Air, announced the creation of the Civil Air Guard scheme. Its intention was to provide pilots who could assist the Royal Air Force in a time of emergency. The scheme was civilian in nature and established in conjunction with local flying clubs. Membership was open to any person between the ages of 18 and 50 years.

The Air Ministry already offered a grant of £25 to pilot members of flying clubs who obtained an 'A' type licence. As part of the new scheme, if they volunteered for the Civil Air Guard, the grant would be increased to £50 for those trained on standard types of aircraft or £30 for aircraft that are lighter than 1,200 pounds (544 kg). The renewal grant would be increased from £10 to £15. Members would receive flying training at subsidised rates of either 2s 6d or 5s an hour during the week, and 5s or 10s at weekends. The maximum subsidy of £2000 for each club would not apply to those in the Air Guard. The Air Ministry also lifted a restriction on the use of foreign aircraft for training by the flying clubs. Previously, only British-built aircraft could be used if the club wanted Ministry subsidies.

### Governance of the scheme

To control the organisation, five commissioners were appointed. The Chairman of the Commissioners was Lord Londonderry and the Commissioners were:

1. Air Commodore John Adrian Chamier (Secretary for the Commissioners)
2. William Lindsay Everard (a Member of Parliament)
3. Major Alan Goodfellow (former First World War pilot, and Chairman of the Royal Aero Club and the General Council of Associated Light Aeroplane Clubs)
4. Maxine (Blossom) Miles (aviator and aircraft designer)
5. Robert Murray (President of the Glasgow Corporation Transport Flying Club).

The Commissioners held their first meeting on 29 August 1938 at Ariel House, Strand in London.

## Popularity and evolution of the Civil Air Guard

The organisation already had 23,647 members with the 75 flying clubs in the scheme. The first training flight commenced on 1 September 1938. At the time, 1,500 (6%) of the existing 23,647 members were available for training.

Within a few weeks of the Air Ministry July announcement more than 13,350 new people had inquired about joining, although only 6,900 had actually enrolled in a flying club. Later, on 8 October 1938, the Air Ministry announced that over 30,000 applications had been received.

The scheme had created a demand for more flying instructors so the Air Ministry created a temporary Assistant Flying Instructor certificate that could be obtained after just 100 hours solo flying, rather than 250 hours for the full certificate.

On 24 January 1939, as the prospect of war became more imminent, Civil Air Guard licence holders were classed into three groups:

1. Class "A", subdivided as:
    * Class A1 - Men between 18 and 30 years who might become service pilots in wartime
    * Class A2 - Men over 30 years with instructional experience, or considerable flying experience who might become service pilots or instructors.
2. Class "B" - Men between 18 and 40 years, who for various reasons would not be considered as Class "A", who might be able to do other service flying duties such as wireless operator, air gunner or observer.
3. Class "C" - Men not in A or B, and all women, who might be suitable as ferry pilots, air ambulance or general communications pilots.

Members who could not classed in any of these groups were advised to look for some other form of national service.

Selected members of all three groups would get additional subsidised training and were known as starred groups. Class A starred members would also get Royal Air Force medicals.

As the war approached, civil flying ceased and most members of the Civil Air Guard enlisted in either the Royal Air Force or the Fleet Air Arm. Some of the women Civil Air Guard members went on to join the Air Transport Auxiliary. Other members were used for special duties in both military and civil aviation, or moved on to other non-aviation war duties.


title: Cindy Stein

abstract: Cindy Stein is a former basketball coach. She was the head women's basketball coach at Southern Illinois University Carbondale from 2013 to 2022. She is the former coach of the Missouri Tigers women's basketball team at the University of Missouri from 1998 to 2010 and at Illinois Central College from 2012 to 2013. She was the head coach for the Cougars from April 3, 2012, until April 2, 2013, when she was named head coach of the SIU Women's basketball team.

text:
# Cindy Stein

**Cindy Stein** (born January 22, 1961) is a former basketball coach. She was the head women's basketball coach at Southern Illinois University Carbondale from 2013 to 2022. She is the former coach of the Missouri Tigers women's basketball team at the University of Missouri from 1998 to 2010 and at Illinois Central College from 2012 to 2013. She was the head coach for the Cougars from April 3, 2012, until April 2, 2013, when she was named head coach of the SIU Women's basketball team.

## Playing career

Stein was a junior college All-American, playing her first college basketball at Illinois Central College. She later transferred to the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, an NCAA Division I school, where she played in her first NCAA Division I tournament in 1982. She ranks sixth in career assists (323) for the Illinois Fighting Illini and holds the highest career average for assists per game (5.6). In 1982–83, she set the second highest career assist total in school history (170). She graduated from Illinois in 1984 with a bachelor's degree in physical education.

## Coaching career

Stein was a graduate assistant and coach for Central Michigan University, where she earned a master's degree in physical education with an emphasis in athletic administration. After jobs as an assistant coach at Miami University, the University of Cincinnati, and Bradley University, Stein returned to her alma mater, first as a recruiting coach, and then as an assistant coach for her former team.

Her first head coaching assignment came at Emporia State University, an NCAA Division II school in Emporia, Kansas. In three years as head coach at Emporia State, Stein turned the women's basketball program into a national contender, with her team advancing to the NCAA Division II title game in 1998. This success earned Stein various coaching awards, including being named the Division II Basketball coach of the year.

Stein coached for 12 seasons Missouri. She compiled a 185–177 career mark at Missouri from 1998 to 2010. She led the Tigers to two NCAA tournament berths, including a 2001 Sweet 16 appearance. She has had 29 selections to the Academic All Big 12 teams. In the Big 12 Conference, she guided the Tigers to multiple seasons above .500 in league play. She announced her resignation, effective at the end of the 2009–10 season, on her radio show on March 1, 2010.

Stein was a TV analyst for Fox Sports basketball games. From 2010 to 2012 she provided color commentary for UMKC women's basketball along with play-by-play broadcaster T. J. Jackson on KCWJ.

## InfoBox

Cindy Stein
| Biographical details | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1961-01-22) January 22, 1961
Peoria, Illinois, U.S. |
| Playing career | |
| 1979–1981 | Illinois Central |
| 1981–1983 | Illinois |
|  | |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1984–1986 | Central Michigan (GA) |
| 1986–1987 | Miami (OH) (asst.) |
| 1987–1988 | Cincinnati (asst.) |
| 1988–1993 | Bradley (asst.) |
| 1993–1995 | Illinois (asst.) |
| 1995–1998 | Emporia State |
| 1998–2010 | Missouri |
| 2012–2013 | Illinois Central |
| 2013–2022 | Southern Illinois |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 340–272 (.556) |
| Accomplishments and honors | |
| Championships | |
| MIAA regular season (1998)
MIAA Tournament (1998) | |
| Awards | |
| National Coach of the Year (1998)
* WBCA * Molten Division II Bulletin * Kansas Basketball Coaches Association
MIAA Coach of the Year (1998) | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Cindy Struckman-Johnson

abstract: Cindy Struckman-Johnson is a professor of psychology at the University of South Dakota in Vermillion, South Dakota. She was also a commissioner on the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission.

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# Cindy Struckman-Johnson

**Cindy Struckman-Johnson** is a professor of psychology at the University of South Dakota in Vermillion, South Dakota. She was also a commissioner on the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission.

## Education

Struckman-Johnson received her doctorate in social psychology from the University of Kentucky.

## Career

Struckman-Johnson has taught social psychology, sex roles, sexuality, and prejudice classes for nearly 25 years. Struckman-Johnson and her partner, David Struckman-Johnson, have researched sexual coercion in prison since 1994. She has received two national awards for work in this area. A 1996 study by Struckman-Johnson concluded that between 12 and 14 percent of the male inmate population are "forcibly penetrated." Her 1996 study also noted that around 22 percent of inmates had been coerced into sexual contact of some kind. Furthermore, her study noted that about 18 percent of attacks are perpetrated by prison guards. Another study, undertaken by Struckman-Johnson in 2000, pointed to prison rape rates of 20 and 21 percent in seven Midwestern prisons.

## Prison rape commission

In 2003, she was appointed to the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission by former U.S. Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD). Her primary role on the commission was as an expert in prison rape research. The commission was sunsetted in 2009.

## InfoBox

| Cindy Struckman-Johnson | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | University of Kentucky |
| Occupation | Social psychologist |
| Known for | Commissioner, National Prison Rape Elimination Commission |