title: Rendcomb College

abstract: Rendcomb College is a public school for pupils aged 3–18, located in the village of Rendcomb five miles north of Cirencester in Gloucestershire, England. Rendcomb College was founded in 1920 by Frederick Noel Hamilton Wills. The School has benefited from the stewardship of the Wills family for almost a century and from the two-tiered Governance of Trustees and Governing Body.

text:
# Rendcomb College

**Rendcomb College** is a public school (English private boarding and day school) for pupils aged 3–18, located in the village of Rendcomb five miles north of Cirencester in Gloucestershire, England.

**Rendcomb College** was founded in 1920 by Frederick Noel Hamilton Wills (Noel Wills). The School has benefited from the stewardship of the Wills family for almost a century and from the two-tiered Governance of Trustees and Governing Body.

## History

In 1918, Noel Wills bought Rendcomb Park with a view to forming a ‘Transition School’ to provide a free boarding education to about forty boys from the elementary schools of Gloucestershire and prepare them for entry to public school. He envisaged that by giving them ‘the best possible education, some would gain entry by scholarship to public schools and perhaps, a few ultimately to University. This initial vision was broad and generous, involving supplements from the endowment to subsidise scholarships and leaving scholarships for those who could not secure entry to public schools for ‘assistance in beginning professions and trades’.

On 2 June 1920 Rendcomb College opened with twelve boys, James Herbert Simpson (formerly a House Master at Rugby School) at the helm as Headmaster and Noel Wills as Chair of Governors. The two men shaped the path of the School for a little over seven years and their relationship was founded on mutual respect and affection.

### Headmasters

| J H Simpson | 1920–1932 |
| --- | --- |
| D W Lee-Browne | 1932–1960 |
| J C James *(acting)* | 1960–1961 |
| A O H Quick | 1961–1971 |
| R M A Medill | 1971–1987 |
| J N Tolputt | 1987–1999 |
| G R Holden | 1999–2011 |
| R J Martin | 2011–2015 |
| R Jones | 2015– |

## Buildings and grounds

Rendcomb Park was established in 1544 and by 1676 held 250 acres. In 1086, two estates at Rendcomb were owned by Gilbert, son of Turold. Five hides had formerly belonged to Aluric and three to Walter, his son-in-law. These estates passed to the Earls of Gloucester by the late 12th century, and were subsequently sub-let to the De La Mare family. In 1255, Earl Richard de Clare reserved two plowlands for himself; that land became Rendcomb manor. From 1387 until 1503 the manor was held by Thomas and Robert De La Mare and their descendants. In 1503, Edmund Tame of Fairford obtained it and by marriage it passed to the Staffords in 1547. Richard Berkeley of Stoke Gifford obtained it in 1564. The Guises purchased it in 1635 but a Berkeley continued to live there until after 1661. During the period when the Berkeley family held it, Elizabeth I visited in 1592. Sir Thomas Roe lived at Rendcomb during the time his mother Dame Eleanor Berkeley owned the Manor (1608). As a rule, the Berkeley family were only visitors. The De La Mares and the Tames lived at the manor. The Guises built a new house there.

The original college buildings consist of a large mansion built in 1865 by Sir Francis Goldsmid of the Goldsmid family (presumably d'Avigdor-Goldsmid) and designed by the well-known architect Philip Hardwick; the Stable Block (which is now the centre for Science, Maths, Languages, ICT and Geography teaching in the college) and the Old Rectory.

A new wing was added to the main building in 1968 to provide Sixth Form Study bedrooms which subsequently evolved into the Junior part of the School in 2000 for pupils aged 3–11. In September 1966 the Old Rectory was opened as a boarding house for younger boys, after major alterations and additions and it still serves that purpose today. In September 1967 a new Arts Block was opened. It now contains a Design studio, Art rooms, a photography room, a craft room and kiln, Music teaching rooms, and several practice rooms as well as a music technology room. In 1973, a purpose-built Sixth Form House was added to the School to facilitate the introduction of girls to the Sixth Form at Rendcomb, at the time an innovative move for a boys’ boarding School. In 1982, Prince and Princess Michael of Kent officially opened The Dulverton Hall, an assembly, concert and performance space recognising the many benefactions of Lord Dulverton and his Trust. Godman House, named after Colonel John Godman who was Rendcomb's Chair of Governors for 35 years, followed a year later and is now a Girls’ Boarding House for the younger age group. Lawn and Stable Houses were formally opened by the Duke of Gloucester in December 1989 and these houses now accommodate middle and senior boys and girls, respectively. The trustees gave the college use of a house in the village ~ number 20 ~ to use for students in their final year, who live together in small groups for a week at a time managing budgets, meals (and laundry!) in preparation for University life. The college continues to maintain and develop its site; all of the boarding houses have been refurbished within the last three years. In October 2014 Rendcomb College was granted planning permission by Cotswold District Council for a multi-purpose Performing Arts Centre.

At the heart of the School site is the Parish church, St Peter's, which dates back to the 12th century, though much of the current structure reflects a 16th-century rebuilding. The church has been described as being "of extreme interest to the student and amateur of the Perpendicular". The 12th century font in the church is widely regarded as one of the finest remaining Norman works in Britain.

The college owns some 230 acres of land including the Park (part of which is a deer park listed in the Doomsday record) through which the River Churn flows from a lake near the northern boundary. 100 feet above the college, at a point from which a view is obtained, ten acres of the park contain sports pitches and a recently refurbished pavilion. A heated open-air swimming pool lies next to the college buildings, presented in 1961 by the Dulverton Trust and Major David Wills. Two hard tennis courts were presented to the college by Major David Wills in 1963; squash courts were added to the site in 1970 and a sports hall and climbing wall in 1979. A gift of meadow-land (‘Landage’) from Major Tom Wills was converted first into The Sinclair Field (after Mrs Huntley Sinclair, the wife of the Founder who remained a Governor and benefactor of Rendcomb for a span of 60 years) and then into an all weather surface in 1997 in memory of Martin Wills, trustee of the college from 1983 to 1992.

In 2015 new tennis courts were opened behind the all weather sports surface to make way for the new Griffin Centre – a Performing Arts Centre. The Griffin Centre opened in 2016 and included a 350-seat auditorium, mirrored dance studio with ballet bars, drama theory classroom, dressing rooms and a prop and set workshop.

## Public benefit

Rendcomb College was founded to give students (boys as then was the case) from modest backgrounds a broad-ranging education in an inspirational setting. Boys who entered the School were either Gloucestershire Foundation Scholars (who were required to have attended for no fewer than two years one of the elementary schools in the county) – or Nominated Foundation Scholars – who were either at or would soon be at Preparatory Schools – and paid no fees. It was not until 1923 that the third class of entrants – fee-payers – was admitted. *A History of Rendcomb College* (1976) describes seven characteristics of the School nurtured by Simpson and Wills; the first and most important of these is ‘The Social Mixture’ – "Rendcomb's most unusual feature. Old boys describe it as the School's ‘greatest strength’ and Simpson's ‘greatest success'" In many respects, Rendcomb pioneered the pattern of bursary provision that many large independent Schools are currently trying to emulate, initiating a social-mixture at the School twenty years before the Fleming Report on Public Schools (1944) and more than forty years before the 1965 appointment of The Public School Commission to advise the Government ‘on the best way of integrating the public schools with the State system of education’.

Rendcomb's links with the State System in the county was also pioneering and unusual. As early as 1922, a small grant of £120 p.a. was made to the college by the Gloucestershire Education Committee as a token of appreciation for the college's services to the county. One of the founding Governors, Canon Sewell, who was later to become chairman, was fundamental in maintaining strong relationships with the County Education Committee aided ably by Colonel Godman; these two men secured the future of the Gloucestershire Foundation Scholarships which benefited 67 pupils from (1920–1934) and 260 pupils (from 1934 to 1978). Other Scholarships and Awards were given and on average, 33% of Rendcomb's students from 1934 to 1978 each year received significant financial assistance. Gloucestershire Foundation places continued to be given until the late 1980s though complete records for this period were not kept. In 1970, to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the School, a new Scholarship – The Noel Wills Scholarship – was bequeathed to pay full fees for a student from a Gloucestershire Primary School to attend Rendcomb.

## Notable former pupils

51°47′15″N 1°58′35″W / 51.78750°N 1.97639°W / 51.78750; -1.97639

## InfoBox

| Rendcomb College | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Cirencester, Gloucestershire, GL7 7HA
England | |
| Information | |
| Type | Public school
Private day and boarding school |
| Motto | *Quo Lux Ducit*
(Where The Light Leads) |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Church of England |
| Established | 1920 |
| Founder | Noel Wills |
| Headteachers | Rob Jones (Senior School)
Gavin Roberts (Junior School) |
| Gender | Co-educational |
| Age | 3 to 18 |
| Enrolment | 350~ |
| Houses | Old Rec, Godman, Stable, Lawn and Park House |
| Former pupils | Old Rendcombians |
| Website | http://www.rendcombcollege.org.uk/ |


title: Processing and Control News Europe

abstract:
PCN Europe is a compendium published six times a year of news concerning products and technologies available in the European market. In 2009, it boasted nearly 40,000 subscribers, predominantly engineers and purchasing managers. A newsletter and website accompanies the magazine, offering daily updates on new products and services. Thomas Industrial Media BVBA launched PCN Europe in 2004 for industry professionals. IEN Europe, published by Thomas Industrial Media BVBA, serves a similar purpose. This publication encompasses articles on the latest technologies, interviews with industry leaders, application stories, and industry news. The headquarters of these publications sit in Mechelen, Belgium. Thomas Industrial Media BVBA extends its presence beyond Belgium into France, Italy, Germany, and Turkey. The company also publishes various other industrial publications and maintains websites across Europe. In English and distributed across Europe:
  - Industrial Engineering News Europe (IEN)
  - Power In Motion (PIM) In French and distributed in France:
  - Produits Equipements Industriels (PEI) In German and distributed in Germany:
  - Technische Revue (TR) In Italian and distributed in Italy:
  - Industrial Engineering News Italia
  - Manutenzione Tecnica e Management
  - Il Distributore Industriale In Turkish and distributed in Turkey:
  - Endustri Dunyasi

text:
# Processing and Control News Europe

***PCN Europe*** is a compendium published six times a year of news concerning products and technologies available in the European market. In 2009, it boasted nearly 40,000 subscribers, predominantly engineers and purchasing managers. A newsletter and website accompanies the magazine, offering daily updates on new products and services.

Thomas Industrial Media BVBA launched PCN Europe (Processing and Control News) in 2004 for industry professionals.

IEN (Industrial Engineering News) Europe, published by Thomas Industrial Media BVBA, serves a similar purpose. This publication encompasses articles on the latest technologies, interviews with industry leaders, application stories, and industry news.

The headquarters of these publications sit in Mechelen, Belgium.

Thomas Industrial Media BVBA extends its presence beyond Belgium into France, Italy, Germany, and Turkey. The company also publishes various other industrial publications and maintains websites across Europe.

In English and distributed across Europe:

In French and distributed in France:

In German and distributed in Germany:

In Italian and distributed in Italy:

In Turkish and distributed in Turkey:

* *Endustri Dunyasi*

## Circulation

*PCN Europe* has a circulation of 40,000 copies, six times a year. Subscription is free to industry professionals but it is only available upon request.


title: Reptation Monte Carlo

abstract: Reptation Monte Carlo is a quantum Monte Carlo method. It is similar to Diffusion Monte Carlo, except that it works with paths rather than points. This has some advantages relating to calculating certain properties of the system under study that diffusion Monte Carlo has difficulty with. In both diffusion Monte Carlo and reptation Monte Carlo, the method first aims to solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in the imaginary time direction. When you propagate the Schrödinger equation in time, you get the dynamics of the system under study. When you propagate it in imaginary time, you get a system that tends towards the ground state of the system. When substituting i t in place of t, the Schrodinger equation becomes identical with a diffusion equation. Diffusion equations can be solved by imagining a huge population of particles, each diffusing in a way that solves the original equation. This is how diffusion Monte Carlo works. Reptation Monte Carlo works in a very similar way, but is focused on the paths that the walkers take, rather than the density of walkers. In particular, a path may be mutated using a Metropolis algorithm which tries a change and then accepts or rejects the change based on a probability calculation. The update step in diffusion Monte Carlo would be moving the walkers slightly, and then duplicating and removing some of them. By contrast, the update step in reptation Monte Carlo mutates a path, and then accepts or rejects the mutation.

text:
# Reptation Monte Carlo

**Reptation Monte Carlo** is a quantum Monte Carlo method.

It is similar to Diffusion Monte Carlo, except that it works with paths rather than points. This has some advantages relating to calculating certain properties of the system under study that diffusion Monte Carlo has difficulty with.

In both diffusion Monte Carlo and reptation Monte Carlo, the method first aims to solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in the imaginary time direction. When you propagate the Schrödinger equation in time, you get the dynamics of the system under study. When you propagate it in imaginary time, you get a system that tends towards the ground state of the system.

When substituting $it$ in place of $t$, the Schrodinger equation becomes identical with a diffusion equation. Diffusion equations can be solved by imagining a huge population of particles (sometimes called "walkers"), each diffusing in a way that solves the original equation. This is how diffusion Monte Carlo works.

Reptation Monte Carlo works in a very similar way, but is focused on the paths that the walkers take, rather than the density of walkers.

In particular, a path may be mutated using a Metropolis algorithm which tries a change (normally at one end of the path) and then accepts or rejects the change based on a probability calculation.

The update step in diffusion Monte Carlo would be moving the walkers slightly, and then duplicating and removing some of them. By contrast, the update step in reptation Monte Carlo mutates a path, and then accepts or rejects the mutation.

*

S. Baroni & S. Moroni (1999). "Reptation Quantum Monte Carlo: A Method for Unbiased Ground-State Averages and Imaginary-Time Correlations". *Phys. Rev. Lett*. **82** (24): 4745–4748. Bibcode:1999PhRvL..82.4745B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.4745.

*

S. Baroni & S. Moroni (1998). "Reptation Quantum Monte Carlo". arXiv:cond-mat/9808213.

*

G. Carleo; F. Becca; S. Moroni & S. Baroni (2010). "Reptation quantum Monte Carlo algorithm for lattice Hamiltonians with a directed-update scheme". *Phys. Rev. E*. **82** (4): 046710. arXiv:1003.3696. Bibcode:2010PhRvE..82d6710C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.82.046710. PMID 21230415. S2CID 23090095.


title: Project Superhero

abstract: Project Superhero is a 2014 children's fiction/non-fiction hybrid book written by neuroscientist E. Paul Zehr and illustrated by Kris Pearn. It was first published in hardcover print in September 2014 by ECW Press. In 2015, the book was awarded a silver medal in juvenile fiction by the IPPY Awards. This is Zehr's third book, but first foray into children's fiction.

text:
# Project Superhero

***Project Superhero*** is a 2014 children's fiction/non-fiction hybrid book written by neuroscientist E. Paul Zehr and illustrated by Kris Pearn. It was first published in hardcover print in September 2014 by ECW Press. In 2015, the book was awarded a silver medal in juvenile fiction by the IPPY Awards. This is Zehr's third book, but first foray into children's fiction.

## Background

After his success with previous science books, *Becoming Batman* and *Inventing Iron Man*, Zehr was invited to give talks at a variety of venues, from San Diego Comic-Con to school assemblies. Often speaking at middle schools, he was asked by his young audience whether his next book would be written for them, grades six to eight. Expanding on the opportunity to write a science book for tweens, Zehr took a special interest in exploring the female role in science, athleticism, forward thinking, and artistry.

It was at TEDxEdmonton 2012 where Zehr was giving a talk on "the superhero in you", that he first met Pearn and their partnership began. Pearn is known for his work on *Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs*, *Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2*, *Arthur Christmas*, and *Surf's Up*.

## Synopsis

At the start of her grade eight school year, Jessie, a 13-year-old girl with a penchant for superhero comic books and journaling, is assigned a year-long school project in her Socials class called the Superhero Slam. In a head-to-head debate tournament, each student must choose a superhero to champion and be ready to present why their superhero is the best in a variety of topics including: wisdom and experience, physical strength and agility, perseverance and determination, critical thinking, recovery, courage, preparation, and leadership.

With her superhero preferences for real people equipped with additional training and technology (i.e. Batman, Iron Man), Jessie selects Batgirl as her optimal candidate and begins her research into what makes Batgirl the ideal female superhero. In order to further explore how real people can become superheroes, Jessie resolves to put herself through physical and mental conditioning. She practices martial arts with her aunt and learns about disciplines like determination through letters written to “real life superheroes.” She writes to and receives responses from:

Jessie's diary entries are accented by Kris Pearn's illustrations of Jessie and her family and friends.

## Characters

* **Jessie**, the 13-year-old protagonist. Her diary follows her year-long project that culminates in the Superhero Slam. Her research takes her into the depths of heroism and what it takes be a superhero.
* **Audrey**, Jessie's best female friend since preschool. She shares Jessie's love of comic books. She is also heavily into working with electronics, computers, and robotics.
* **Cade**, Jessie's best male friend. Another avid comic book lover, he is also interested in sports and has a lot of athletic ability in a variety of sports.
* **Dylan**, Jessie's antagonist. He appears in frequent arguments with Jessie and her friends, pitting males as superior to females. He goes head-to-head with Jessie in the final round of the Superhero Slam.
* **Shay**, Jessie's younger sister. She both antagonizes and supports Jessie throughout her school year.
* **Auntie G**, Jessie and Shay's aunt. She is Jessie's martial arts expert and teacher, specializing in karate and kobujutsu.

## Reception

*Kirkus Reviews* gave a brief review of *Project Superhero*, commenting that readers should "readily respond to Jessie's mission".

The book has received an average 4.17 out of 5 star rating on Goodreads, based on 40 overall ratings. Many positive reviewers enjoyed the premise of the book, with comments highlighting Jessie's journey, the female role throughout, and the close relationship between superhero and the average person

Although *Geek Mom* gave a generally positive review, some of the heavier themes discussed (9/11, depression, insulin pumps) may require a "parental pre-read" before giving the book to its targeted eight to twelve year-old audience.

## InfoBox

Project Superhero
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | E. Paul Zehr |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Superhero, Debate, and Diary |
| Genre | Children's literature |
| Publisher | ECW Press |
| Publication date | 2014 |
| Publication place | Canada |
| Media type | Print (Hardcover) |
| Pages | 224 |
| ISBN | 978-1-77041-180-7 |
| OCLC | 869266615 |


title: Teodory

abstract: Teodory is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łask, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Łask and 29 km (18 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Teodory

**Teodory** \[tɛɔˈdɔrɨ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łask, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Łask and 29 km (18 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

## InfoBox

| Teodory | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Teodory | |
| Coordinates: 51°35′N 19°12′E / 51.583°N 19.200°E / 51.583; 19.200 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Łask |
| Gmina | Łask |


title: Five Corners, Indiana

abstract: Five Corners was a community in Allen Township, Miami County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

text:
# Five Corners, Indiana

**Five Corners** was a community in Allen Township, Miami County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

## History

Five Corners, so named due to being located at an intersection of five different roads, was known for being a center of trade in Miami County. In its heyday, the town had a post office, a general store, and a Methodist church. When the Indianapolis, Peru and Chicago Railroad was built in Miami County, it was not extended to Five Corners, being built through nearby Macy instead. This led to Five Corners becoming a ghost town.

A post office was established at Five Corners in 1855, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1870.

1. "Five Corners". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
2. Bodurtha , Arthur Lawrence (1914). *History of Miami County, Indiana: A Narrative Account of Its Historical Progress, Its People and Its Principal Interests*. Lewis Pub. p. 190.
3. *History of Miami County, Indiana: From the Earliest Time to the Present*. Brant & Fuller. 1887. pp. 497.
4. "Miami County". Jim Forte Postal History. Retrieved September 15, 2018.

## InfoBox

| Five Corners, Indiana | |
| --- | --- |
| Ghost town | |
| Five CornersThe position of Five Corners in Indiana | |
| Coordinates: 40°56′43″N 86°09′34″W / 40.94528°N 86.15944°W / 40.94528; -86.15944 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Indiana |
| County | Miami |
| Elevation | 837 ft (255 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| Area code | 574 |
| GNIS ID | 434539 |


title: Sheila Lukins

abstract: Sheila Lukins, was an American cook and food writer. She was most famous as the co-author, with Julee Rosso, of The Silver Palate series of cookbooks, and The New Basics Cookbook, a very popular set of food guides which introduced many Americans to Mediterranean and Eastern European cooking techniques and ingredients and popularized a richer and very boldly seasoned style of cooking to Americans in sharp contrast to the health-food movements of the 1970s. Together, their books sold more than seven million copies. She was also the co-founder and owner of the popular Silver Palate gourmet shop in New York City and, for 23 years, the food editor and columnist for Parade, a position previously held by Julia Child.

text:
# Sheila Lukins

**Sheila Lukins** (November 18, 1942 – August 30, 2009), was an American cook and food writer. She was most famous as the co-author, with Julee Rosso, of *The Silver Palate* series of cookbooks, and *The New Basics Cookbook*, a very popular set of food guides which introduced many Americans to Mediterranean and Eastern European cooking techniques and ingredients and popularized a richer and very boldly seasoned style of cooking to Americans in sharp contrast to the health-food movements of the 1970s. Together, their books sold more than seven million copies.

She was also the co-founder and owner of the popular Silver Palate gourmet shop in New York City and, for 23 years, the food editor and columnist for *Parade*, a position previously held by Julia Child.

## Early life and education

Born Sheila Gail Block in Philadelphia in 1942, she grew up in Norwalk and Westport, Connecticut. She studied art at the Tyler School of Art, the School of Visual Arts and New York University, where she earned a bachelor's degree with honor in Art Education. After graduation she attended Le Cordon Bleu in London, England, while working in graphic design. Her culinary education continued in France, where she worked alongside Michelin-starred chefs in Bordeaux.

## Career

When she and her husband returned to New York City, she opened a catering business called The Other Woman and specialized in bold Mediterranean and Eastern European flavors, which at the time were unfamiliar to many Americans. She was hired by Julee Rosso for a catering job. In 1977 she and Rosso opened and ran a gourmet food shop at the corner of Columbus Avenue and 73rd Street in New York City called The Silver Palate. The shop, along with other similar shops of the era, such as Dean & DeLuca, Oakville Grocery, and Jamail's, is credited with creating and popularizing the field of upscale prepared foods sometimes called "carryout cuisine".

In the 1980s she and Rosso wrote, with Michael McLaughlin, *The Silver Palate Cookbook*, which broke cookbook records by selling 250,000 copies in its first year and went on to sell as of 2009 2.5-million copies, followed by *The Silver Palate Good Times Cookbook*, and others. Lukins drew the illustrations for all the Silver Palate cookbooks and her solo cookbooks. The original cookbook contained Lukins' signature recipe, Chicken Marbella, and according to *Parade* at the time of Lukins' death was among the top ten bestselling cookbooks of all time. The Silver Palate Cookbooks are considered to have influenced the 1980s trend of middle-class Americans treating cooking as a hobby and are widely credited with changing how Americans cooked.

In 1986, she and Rosso succeeded Julia Child to share the position of food editor for *Parade*; after 1991 Lukins held the position solo until 1999. After 11 years working together, Rosso and Lukins split up in early 1990s in a widely reported feud.

The Silver Palate shop, which had been sold to new owners in 1988, closed in 1993, although a brand of sauces and condiments bearing its name continued to be sold as of 2024. During this period Lukins published her own successful series of books including *Sheila Lukins' All Round the World Cookbook* and *Celebrate!* In 2007 she reunited with Rosso to publish a new 25th-anniversary edition of *The Silver Palate Cookbook*. Combined, Lukins' cookbooks and those she wrote with Rosso had sold 7 million copies by 2009.

## Recognition

Her 1986 cookbook with Rosso, *The Silver Palate Good Times Cookbook*, won a James Beard Award. In 1992 their *The Silver Palate Cookbook* was named to the Cookbook Hall of Fame. In 1992 Lukins was inducted into Who's Who of Food & Beverage in America and in 1995 was named "an American food legend" by the Beard Foundation. In 1998 Lukins' *U.S.A. Cookbook* was nominated for a Beard Award.

## Personal life

In December 1991, she suffered a cerebral hemorrhage due to a 'berry' aneurysm which paralyzed most of her left side and nearly took her life. Some after-effects lasted for the rest of her life, but she was able to recover sufficiently to resume her position at *Parade* and to continue to write books.

She was married for many years to Richard Lukins, a security systems expert, with whom she had two daughters, Annabel and Molly. After the sale of the shop Lukins lived and worked from her apartment at The Dakota. In June 2009, at age 66, she was diagnosed with brain cancer. She died on August 30, 2009, at her home in Manhattan, surrounded by her children.

## Books

### with Julee Rosso

* *The Silver Palate Cookbook*, 1982 (Named to the Cookbook Hall of Fame in 1992)
* *The Silver Palate Good Times Cookbook*, 1984 (Winner of the James Beard award in the "Entertaining" category in 1986)
* *The New Basics Cookbook*, 1989
* *Silver Palate Desserts*, 1995

### By Sheila Lukins

* *Sheila Lukins' All Round the World Cookbook*, 1994
* *USA Cookbook*, 1997
* *Celebrate!*, 2003
* *Ten: all the foods we love and ten perfect recipes for each*, 2008


title: Sheila Lyman

abstract: Sheila A. Lyman is an American politician who has served as a member of the Maine House of Representatives since December 7, 2022. She represents Maine's 76th House district. Lyman is a schoolteacher by profession. Lyman submitted a "988 suicide hotline bill".

text:
# Sheila Lyman

**Sheila A. Lyman** is an American politician who has served as a member of the Maine House of Representatives since December 7, 2022. She represents Maine's 76th House district.

Lyman is a schoolteacher by profession. Lyman submitted a "988 suicide hotline bill".

## InfoBox

| Sheila Lyman | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Maine House of Representatives
from the 76th district | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
December 7, 2022 | |
| Preceded by | Daniel J. Newman |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Republican |
| Residence | Livermore Falls, Maine |
| Alma mater | University of Maine at Farmington |
|  | |


title: Sheila MacLeod

abstract: Sheila MacLeod is a Scottish author and feminist.

text:
# Sheila MacLeod

**Sheila MacLeod** (born 23 March 1939) is a Scottish author and feminist.

## Biography

Sheila MacLeod was born on 23 March 1939 in the Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides, Scotland. MacLeod attended the Wycombe Abbey School in Buckinghamshire, England before completing her degrees in English in Somerville College, Oxford. She got her bachelors in 1961 and her masters in 1993. MacLeod later completed a bachelor's in French from Birkbeck College, University of London in 1996.

MacLeod wrote for a number of publications including *The Times Literary Supplement*, *Vogue*, *The Observer*, and the *Evening Standard*. She also worked for Clarendon Press. Her novels ranged from science fiction to the non fantastic. MacLeod wrote a BBC television play in 1965 and another play in 1985.

MacLeod experienced anorexia during her teens and later wrote a book about her experiences based on diaries she kept at the time. It is considered a key feminist text on anorexia nervosa. She married Manfred Mann singer Paul Jones in 1963, but they later divorced. She moved to London with her sons, Matthew and Jacob. In 2013, she moved from London to Shaftesbury, Dorset.

## Bibliography

### Novels

* *The Moving Accident* (1968)
* *The Snow-White Soliloquies* (1970)
* *Letters From the Portuguese* (1971)
* *Xanthe and the Robots* (1976)
* *Circuit-Breaker* (1977)
* *Axioms* (1984)

### Teleplays

* *They Put You Where You Are* (with Paul Jones, 1965)
* *God Speed Co-operation* (1985)

### Non-fiction

* *D.H. Lawrence's Men and Women* (1985)
* *The Art of Starvation: An Adolescence Observed* (1981)

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Sheila MacLeod | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1939-03-23) 23 March 1939<br>Stornoway, Isle of Lewis, Outer Hebrides, Scotland |
| Occupation | Writer |


title: Sheila M'Mbijjewe

abstract: Sheila M'Mbijjewe is a Kenyan accountant who has served as the Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of Kenya since 2015.

text:
# Sheila M'Mbijjewe

**Sheila M'Mbijjewe** is a Kenyan accountant who has served as the Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of Kenya since 2015.

## Background and education

Sheila M'Mbijjew was born in Kenya on 6 March 1958. She holds a bachelor's degree in accounting, from Kingston University, in the United Kingdom. She is also a Chartered Certified Accountant.

## Career

She has served as the deputy governor of the Central Bank of Kenya, deputing Patrick Ngugi Njoroge, since 4 August 2015. She was appointed to that position in June 2015.

She has a long history of service in Kenya's private banking sector and financial environment. She has served as a board member in several companies, including Deloitte Touché Kenya, Pricewaterhouse Kenya, the Capital Markets Authority, the Nairobi Stock Exchange, Old Mutual Insurance Company Kenya and the Financial Reporting Centre of Kenya.

## Other considerations

In 2008, Sheila M'Mbijjewe was awarded the *Moran of the Burning Spear* (MBS), a presidential medal for service to her country.

## InfoBox

| Sheila M'Mbijjewe | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1958-03-06) March 6, 1958
Kenya |
| Nationality | Kenyan |
| Citizenship | Kenyan |
| Alma mater | **Kingston University**
(Bachelor of Arts in Accounting)
**Association of Chartered Certified Accountants**
(Chartered Certified Accountant) |
| Occupation(s) | Accountant and Central Banker |
| Years active | 2015 — present |
| Known for | Accounting |
| Title | Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of Kenya |


title: Celiptera codo

abstract: Celiptera codo is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Mexico (Puebla).

text:
# Celiptera codo

***Celiptera codo*** is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Mexico (Puebla).

## InfoBox

| *Celiptera codo* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Genus: | *Celiptera* |
| Species: | ***C. codo*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Celiptera codo***<br>Dyar, 1912 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Paraceliptera codo* | |


title: Cathedral (disambiguation)

abstract: A cathedral is a Christian church which contains the seat of a bishop. Cathedral or The Cathedral may also refer to:

text:
# Cathedral (disambiguation)

A **cathedral** is a Christian church which contains the seat of a bishop.

**Cathedral** or **The Cathedral** may also refer to:

## Geography

## Arts, entertainment, and media

### Art and architecture

### Films

### Literature

### Music

#### Groups

* Cathedral (band), a British metal band
* Cathedral Quartet, often known as simply The Cathedrals, a southern gospel singing quartet
* Cathedrals, a pop duo from San Francisco, California

#### Albums

#### Songs

* "Cathedral", a 1982 song by Van Halen from *Diver Down*
* "Cathedral", a 1977 song by Crosby Stills and Nash from *CSN*
* "Cathedrals," a 1998 song by Jump, Little Children from *Magazine*

### Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media

## Schools


title: Shengang, Changhua

abstract: Shengang Township is a rural township in Changhua County, Taiwan.

text:
# Shengang, Changhua

24°09′53″N 120°29′19″E / 24.164766°N 120.488579°E / 24.164766; 120.488579

**Shengang Township** (Chinese: 伸港鄉; pinyin: *Shēngǎng Xiāng*) is a rural township in Changhua County, Taiwan.

## Geography

Shengang had a population of 38,088 as of March 2023, and an area of 30.72 km2 (11.86 sq mi).

## History

During the Dutch period, the area was within the administrative region of Favorlang (modern-day Huwei, Yunlin).

## Administrative divisions

The township comprises 14 villages: Beiqi, Biantou, Datong, Dingxing, Haiwei, Keliao, Qijia, Quancuo, Quanxing, Quanzhou, Shigu, Xide, Xingang and Zengjia.

## Attractions

## InfoBox

| Shengang Township
伸港鄉 Shenkang | |
| --- | --- |
| Rural township | |
|  | |
| Shengang Township in Changhua County | |
| Location | Changhua County, Taiwan |
| Area | |
| Total | 22 km2 (8 sq mi) |
| Population (March 2023) | |
| Total | 38,088 |
| Density | 1,700/km2 (4,500/sq mi) |


title: Shemokmedi Monastery

abstract: The Shemokmedi monastery is a Georgian Orthodox monastery located at the village of Shemokmedi in Georgia's southwestern region of Guria. Founded in the 15th century, the Shemokmedi monastery functioned as a seat of a bishopric and burial ground of the Gurieli princely dynasty. It was a safe-house of church treasures and, over the centuries, had accumulated an extensive collection of various objects from other Georgian monasteries. Parts of the collection, which survived the 19th-century robbers, are now on display in Georgia's museums.

text:
# Shemokmedi Monastery

The **Shemokmedi monastery** (Georgian: შემოქმედის მონასტერი) is a Georgian Orthodox monastery located at the village of Shemokmedi in Georgia's southwestern region of Guria. Founded in the 15th century, the Shemokmedi monastery functioned as a seat of a bishopric and burial ground of the Gurieli princely dynasty. It was a safe-house of church treasures and, over the centuries, had accumulated an extensive collection of various objects from other Georgian monasteries. Parts of the collection, which survived the 19th-century robbers, are now on display in Georgia's museums.

## Architecture

Belltower of ShemokmediThe Church of the Transfiguration of Zarzma at Shemokmedi

The Shemokmedi monastery consists of two architecturally simple churches—those of the Redeemer and the Transfiguration otherwise known as Zarzma. The third structure, a bell tower, is built upon the fence of the monastery. This complex is located on a small hill on the left bank of the Bzhuzhi river, overlooking the village of Shemokmedi.

The church of the Redeemer is a three-nave basilica with the dimensions of 10 × 13 m. It is an ashlar structure, lined with bluestone, and with a white marble floor. An ornate curving follows the contour of a window on the western façade. The interior was once entirely frescoed. The surviving fragments depict Mamia II Gurieli (died 1627), Prince of Guria, and his wife Tinatin, with respective identifying inscriptions in Georgian.

The church of the Transfiguration was constructed at the behest of Prince Vakhtang I Gurieli in the late 1570s to house the venerated 9th-century Icon of the Transfiguration of Jesus rescued from the Zarzma Monastery in the Ottoman-occupied Principality of Samtskhe; hence comes the other name of the church, "Zarzma". This church is smaller than that of the Redeemer, with the dimensions of 9 × 7 m. It is a single-nave design crowned with an octagonal dome. The edifice is lined with brick and ashlar. Fragments of Georgian and Greek inscriptions as well as fresco depiction of the first bishop of Shemokmedi, Besarion Machutadze, survive on walls. A bell-tower built upon the church fence was originally constructed in the 16th century and renovated in 1831. All structures of the complex bare traces of multiple reconstructions.

Northeast of the Shemokmedi monastery, at a distance of some 1.5 km, on the right bank of the Bzhuzhi, is the recently restored Gorisperdi church. Ornate fragments from the earlier, ruined medieval structure are found in the churchyard.

## History

The Shemokmedi Monastery was founded in the 15th century as a seat of one of the three bishoprics of the Principality of Guria, the other two being Jumati and Khino. Local prelates bore the rank of archbishop or metropolitan bishop and the epithet of Shemokmedeli. At the same time, the monastery served as a burial ground to the Gurieli princely dynasty. The surviving tombs belong to Rostom Gurieli (died 1564) and Mamia III Gurieli (died 1714).

After the death of Metropolitan Bishop Ioseb Takaishvili in 1794, the Shemokmedi sea became dormant; the bishop of Jumati became a titular Shemokmedeli, while the monastery and its possessions passed to Kaikhosro Gurieli, an influential member of the ruling dynasty of Guria, who eventually lost his estates for leading an insurrection against the Russian Empire in 1820. During the conflict, Shemokmedi was stormed by the Russian troops, its fortifications were demolished and environs devastated.

The Shemokmedi monastery was reinstated as a bishopric see, uniting the parishes of Batumi and Shemokmedi, in 1920. The Shemokmedi Diocese was as a separate eparchy was reestablished in 1995. Currently, its jurisdiction extends to all Orthodox churches in all three municipalities of Guria—Ozurgeti, Lanchkhuti, and Chokhatauri. The incumbent Catholicos Patriarch of Georgia Ilia II served as Bishop of Shemokmedi from 1963 to 1967.

## Collections

Over centuries, the Shemokmedi cathedral became a safe-house of ecclesiastic treasures and accumulated a large collection of various religious objects and manuscripts from other churches and monasteries of Georgia. In 1873, the church was visited and the first scholarly description of its collection was compiled by Dimitri Bakradze. Subsequently, the monastery was subjected to a series of robberies. The surviving treasures were catalogued by Nikodim Kondakov on his visit to the monastery in 1889. Since 1924, most of the extant items have been in the collections of the Georgian National Museum.

## InfoBox

| Shemokmedi Monastery | |
| --- | --- |
| Church in Shemokmedi Monastery | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Georgian Orthodox Church |
| Location | |
| Location | Ozurgeti Municipality, Georgia |
| Shown within GuriaShemokmedi Monastery (Georgia) | |
| Geographic coordinates | 41°54′26″N 42°3′46″E / 41.90722°N 42.06278°E / 41.90722; 42.06278 |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Monastery, church, castle |
| Style | Georgian |
|  | |


title: Celldweller (EP)

abstract: Celldweller is the self-titled debut extended play (EP) by the electronic rock project Celldweller. Only 250 copies were made and sold out quickly. The first three tracks are credited to Celldweller and were re-recorded for the debut full-length album that was released four years later; the fourth and fifth tracks were credited simply to Klayton and later appeared on The Beta Cessions Vol. 1.

text:
# Celldweller (EP)

***Celldweller*** is the self-titled debut extended play (EP) by the electronic rock project Celldweller. Only 250 copies were made and sold out quickly. The first three tracks are credited to Celldweller and were re-recorded for the debut full-length album that was released four years later; the fourth and fifth tracks were credited simply to Klayton and later appeared on *The Beta Cessions Vol. 1*.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Symbiont" | 5:26 |
| 2. | "Own Little World" | 3:33 |
| 3. | "Fadeaway" | 4:47 |
| 4. | "Beginning of the End" | 5:54 |
| 5. | "Kemikal" | 5:39 |
| Total length: | | 25:10 |

## Additional personnel

* Ben Grosse – Mixing
* Richard Hunt – Editing
* Kennedy James – Drums
* Grant Mohrman – Acoustic guitar, producer, engineer, mixing
* Jarrod Montague – Drums
* Erik Wolf – Mastering

## InfoBox

| Celldweller EP | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Celldweller | |
| Released | February 2000 |
| Recorded | 1998–2000 |
| Genre | Electronic rock, industrial metal, electro-industrial, trance |
| Length | 25:10 |
| Label | Esion Media |
| Producer | Klayton
Grant Mohrman |
| Celldweller chronology | |
| ***Celldweller EP***
(2000) *Celldweller*
(2003) | |


title: Sherwood, Texas

abstract: Sherwood is an unincorporated community in Irion County, Texas, United States. It served as the county seat until 1939, when it was supplanted by neighboring Mertzon.

text:
# Sherwood, Texas

**Sherwood** is an unincorporated community in Irion County, Texas, United States. It served as the county seat until 1939, when it was supplanted by neighboring Mertzon.

## History

Sherwood was founded in 1886, and when Irion County was organized in 1889, it became the county's seat of government and a courthouse was built. The town received a post office in 1881, with William S. Kelly as first postmaster and by 1900 the population exceeded 300. When the Kansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway built a line across the county in 1910, Sherwood was bypassed and the new railroad town of Mertzon was established. As was the case with many small towns bypassed in the early days of rail transportation, Sherwood was essentially doomed. Commerce soon began to move to Mertzon, and in 1939 the seat of government relocated there as well. Today, Sherwood is home to an estimated 73 residents; the former Irion County Courthouse, built in 1901, still stands at the center of town and functions as a community center. The post office closed in 1974.

## InfoBox

| Sherwood, Texas | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| The 1901 Irion County Courthouse in Sherwood | |
| SherwoodSherwood | |
| Coordinates: 31°16′53″N 100°47′43″W / 31.28139°N 100.79528°W / 31.28139; -100.79528 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Texas |
| County | Irion |
| Population (2000 est.) | |
| Total | 73 |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 325 |


title: Sherwood, Prince Edward Island

abstract: Sherwood is a neighbourhood of the city of Charlottetown in central Queens County, Prince Edward Island, Canada. Sherwood is centrally located in Charlottetown on the border of Queens Royalty and the township of Lot 33. Originally the settlement was known as Sherwood Station, as it was located on the mainline of the Prince Edward Island Railway running from Charlottetown to Royalty Junction (where the line bifurcated east to Mount Stewart and west to Emerald. Sherwood Station was incorporated as a village in 1960 and its name was shortened to Sherwood in 1983. The village was amalgamated into the city of Charlottetown on April 1, 1995. Sherwood was largely a farming district, located east of the royalty's common pasture land. It bordered Charlottetown and West Royalty on the west, Parkdale on the south, and East Royalty on the east. One of the biggest changes that came to Sherwood occurred in 1938 when a 300-acre parcel on the northern edge of the community was purchased by the city of Charlottetown to create an airport. The Charlottetown Airport remains a defining landmark in the north-central part of the city and has had a major influence on Sherwood's post-war development. During the 1960s-1990s, much of the remaining farmland in Sherwood was developed in housing projects which resulted in many single-detached homes constructed throughout the area, making Sherwood one of PEI's top-five communities in terms of population. Sherwood is home to the Sherwood Falcons of the Island Junior Hockey League, as well as the Sherwood Metros of the Prince Edward Island Junior C Hockey League. Presently a neighbourhood, Sherwood has a mix of housing, commercial and light industrial districts.

text:
# Sherwood, Prince Edward Island

Federal census population history of Sherwood
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1961 | 1,580 |  |
| 1966 | 2,436 | +54.2% |
| 1971 | 3,807 | +56.3% |
| 1976 | 5,602 | +47.1% |
| 1981 | 5,681 | +1.4% |
| 1986 | 5,769 | +1.5% |
| 1991 | 6,006 | +4.1% |
| Source: Statistics Canada
 | | |

**Sherwood** is a neighbourhood of the city of Charlottetown in central Queens County, Prince Edward Island, Canada.

Sherwood is centrally located in Charlottetown on the border of Queens Royalty and the township of Lot 33.

Originally the settlement was known as **Sherwood Station**, as it was located on the mainline of the Prince Edward Island Railway running from Charlottetown to Royalty Junction (where the line bifurcated east to Mount Stewart and west to Emerald. Sherwood Station was incorporated as a village in 1960 and its name was shortened to **Sherwood** in 1983. The village was amalgamated into the city of Charlottetown on April 1, 1995.

Sherwood was largely a farming district, located east of the royalty's common pasture land (present-day Agriculture Canada experimental farm). It bordered Charlottetown and West Royalty on the west, Parkdale on the south, and East Royalty on the east.

One of the biggest changes that came to Sherwood occurred in 1938 when a 300-acre (1.2 km2) parcel on the northern edge of the community was purchased by the city of Charlottetown to create an airport. The Charlottetown Airport remains a defining landmark in the north-central part of the city and has had a major influence on Sherwood's post-war development. During the 1960s-1990s, much of the remaining farmland in Sherwood was developed in housing projects which resulted in many single-detached homes constructed throughout the area, making Sherwood one of PEI's top-five communities in terms of population.

Sherwood is home to the Sherwood Falcons of the Island Junior Hockey League, as well as the Sherwood Metros of the Prince Edward Island Junior C Hockey League.

Presently a neighbourhood, Sherwood has a mix of housing, commercial and light industrial districts.

46°17′N 63°08′W / 46.283°N 63.133°W / 46.283; -63.133


title: Cdnjs

abstract: cdnjs is a free and open-source software (FOSS) content delivery network (CDN) hosted by Cloudflare. As of May 2021, it serves 4,013 JavaScript and CSS libraries, which are stored publicly on GitHub. It is included in millions of websites, or 12.4% of the websites on the Internet, making it the second most popular CDN for JavaScript.

text:
# Cdnjs

**cdnjs** is a free and open-source software (FOSS) content delivery network (CDN) hosted by Cloudflare. As of May 2021, it serves 4,013 JavaScript and CSS libraries, which are stored publicly on GitHub. It is included in millions of websites, or 12.4% of the websites on the Internet, making it the second most popular CDN for JavaScript.

## History

In January 2011, Ryan Kirkman and Thomas Davis created the service, launching it on GitHub on February 25, 2011. It initially served content through Amazon CloudFront. On June 15, 2011, cdnjs partnered with Cloudflare, who provided the CDN and subdomain cdnjs.cloudflare.com for the project.

On November 1, 2019, the founders turned over control of cdnjs to Cloudflare, citing "technical and commercial reasons." According to the community maintainers, the project was difficult to manage because of limited access to the GitHub repository, inactive founders, and a small budget. It is estimated the annual budget at the time was approximately $50/yr.

## Operation

The service is maintained by the community and Cloudflare. As of May 2021, there have been 1,443 contributors to the main GitHub repository, and 88 contributors to the newer package configuration GitHub repository.

It is also sponsored by DigitalOcean, Algolia, Heroku, Atlassian, Sentry, and Lean20.

There is a public JSON API for developers to query cdnjs library metadata.

Resources on cdnjs can be loaded using a number of connection protocols – HTTP/2, HTTP, HTTPS or SPDY.

The cdnjs.cloudflare.com domain is part of the HSTS preload list.

There exist websites that host clones of cdnjs libraries on their own servers:

## InfoBox

cdnjs
|
|  |
| Developer(s) | Ryan Kirkman, Thomas Davis, Matt Cowley, Sven Sauleau, Tyler Caslin |
| Initial release | February 25, 2011 (2011-02-25) |
| Repository | github.com/cdnjs/cdnjs |
| Written in | JavaScript, Go |
| Operating system | Cross-platform |
| Type | FOSS CDN |
| License | MIT License |
| Website | cdnjs.com |


title: Center of Concern

abstract: Center of Concern (Center) was a think tank in Washington, D.C., that Jesuit Superior General Pedro Arrupe and National Conference of Catholic Bishops General Secretary Joseph Bernardin co-founded on May 4, 1971. The Center was created as a joint project of the Society of Jesus and the National Conference of Catholic Bishops. On October 12, 2018, the Center of Concern announced that it no longer had the financial resources to sustain normal operations and that it had terminated all of its paid staff.

text:
# Center of Concern

**Center of Concern (Center)** was a think tank in Washington, D.C., that Jesuit Superior General Pedro Arrupe and National Conference of Catholic Bishops General Secretary Joseph Bernardin (later Cardinal Bernardin) co-founded on May 4, 1971. The Center was created as a joint project of the Society of Jesus and the National Conference of Catholic Bishops (now United States Conference of Catholic Bishops). On October 12, 2018, the Center of Concern announced that it no longer had the financial resources to sustain normal operations and that it had terminated all of its paid staff.

## History

### Beginnings

The context for the founding of the Center was the document “Justice in the World” produced by the Synod of Bishops in Rome in 1971. At this synod, the world’s Catholic bishops decreed: “Action on behalf of justice and participation in the transformation of the world fully appear to us as a constitutive dimension of the preaching of the Gospel, or, in other words, of the Church's mission for the redemption of the human race and its liberation from every oppressive situation.”

The Center's purpose was to study issues of development, justice, and peace from a global perspective. From the start, the Center convened discussions regarding development, justice, and peace from a global perspective, reading the sign of the times and supporting United Nations, Catholic social tradition, and other frameworks for such issues as population, hunger, environment, poverty, habitat, science and technology, and women’s empowerment.

The Center's founding director, William F. Ryan, served from 1971 to 1978. His assistant, Peter J. Henriot, succeeded him and served from 1978 to 1988.

In the late 1970s, the center's work concerned what some in the Vatican viewed it as an inappropriate foray into political activism.

### 1980s and 1990s

Beginning in the 1980s, the Center focused more on analysis of emerging social movements within the United States, on behalf of women, workers, the poor, and peace issues. The Center assisted the U.S. Catholic bishops with their pastoral letters on racism, peace, and the U.S. economy. In the 1990s, turning again to U.N. conferences and development abroad, the Center focused on the work of global civil society and social service organizations and community-centered, local, and grassroots organizations to complement the work of intergovernmental organizations to aid the poorest people in the world .

### New millennium

In 2000 the Center organized an initiative involving its Rethinking Bretton Woods Project Justice, which began in 1995, and explored the policy implications for debt relief for poor nations. Following this, the Center welcomed the news that the U.S. Congress and administration cancelled the bilateral debt of over 30 Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC).

The Center founded Education for Justice in 2001 as a Web-based global subscription service to provide a bridge of conversation between Catholic social tradition and the signs of the times in terms accessible to members in high schools, universities, parishes, religious congregations, and healthcare organizations, as well as for individuals. Education for Justice's founder Jane Deren and director Sr. Katherine Feely won the Harry A. Fagan Roundtable Award in 2011.

The Center represented the United States in the global lay Catholic development and advocacy alliance, Coopération Internationale pour le Développement et la Solidarité (CIDSE) and is a member of Catholic Charities USA. It had been accredited with consultative status before the United Nations Economic and Social Council since 1974.

The Center ceased operations in late 2018, though the Board found a new “home” for Education for Justice, now a part of the Ignatian Solidarity Network.

38°56′3.87″N 76°59′23.12″W / 38.9344083°N 76.9897556°W / 38.9344083; -76.9897556

## InfoBox

Center of Concern
|
|  |
| Abbreviation | Center |
| Established | 1971 (1971) |
| Purpose | Social justice |
| Location |  |
| Region served | Global |
| Interim President | Dianna Ortiz |
| Chair of Board | Marie Dennis |
| Main organ | Education for Justice |
| Affiliations | Catholic Charities USA, CIDSE, United Nations Economic and Social Council |
| Website | coc.org |


title: Shintaro Higashi

abstract: Shintaro Higashi is a Japanese-American judo competitor and 6th degree black belt in judo for the United States in the 100 kg category. He is the head instructor at the Kokushi Budo Institute, a member of the New York Athletic Club, and a professor at Brooklyn College.

text:
# Shintaro Higashi

**Shintaro Higashi** (born December 16, 1984) is a Japanese-American judo competitor and 6th degree black belt in judo for the United States in the 100 kg category. He is the head instructor at the Kokushi Budo Institute, a member of the New York Athletic Club, and a professor at Brooklyn College.

## Personal life

He attended Hunter College, where he earned a bachelor's degree in psychology and a master's degree in education. He also attended NYU Stern where he earned a MBA. While at Hunter, he was a member of the wrestling team, on which he received All-State status. He is the son of Nobuyoshi Higashi, the founder of Kokushi-ryu jujutsu and a Judo, Aikido, and Karate instructor. Higashi is also fluent in Japanese.

## Martial arts

He holds black belts in Judo, Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, jujitsu, Aikido, and Karate.

He has won Gold in the 2007, 2011 USA Judo Senior National Championships and placed 5th in the US Open. He also took Gold in the International Tournament Am-Cam Judo Challenge and placed third in the National Championships. He would be a member of Team USA in 2007, 2010 World Judo Championships – Men's 100 kg and 2011 World Judo Championships – Men's 100 kg for the world games. He trained for the 2008 and the 2012 US Olympic Team at 100 kg. He achieved 43rd in the world ranking for Judo behind Kyle Vashkulat in the United States. He has also trained in freestyle wrestling, boxing and has a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu under Brian Glick.

## InfoBox

Shintaro Higashi
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nickname | Sensei |
| Born | (1984-12-14) 14 December 1984 |
| Occupation | Judoka |
| Height | 5 ft 10 in (178 cm) |
| Weight | 100 kg (220 lb) |
| Website | Website |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Judo, Aikido, Karate, BJJ, Jūjutsu |
| Rank | 6th Dan Black belt in *judo*<br>Black belt in *Brazilian jiu-jitsu* |
| Club | Kokushi Budo Institute |
| Coached by | Nobuyoshi Higashi |
| Medal record      Men's Judo  Representing  United States  USA Judo Senior National Championships  USA Judo Senior National Championships 2015  USA Judo Senior National Championships 2011  USA Judo Senior National Championships 2009  USA Judo Senior National Championships 2007  USA Judo Senior National Championships 2003 | |
|  | |
| Profile at external databases | |
| JudoInside.com | 29803 |
|  | |


title: Cecil Dixon (cricketer)

abstract: Cecil Egerton Dixon was a Scottish first-class cricketer and an officer in the Intelligence Corps during the Second World War. The son of Brigadier-General Henry Grey Dixon, he was born in July 1903 at Duns, Berwickshire. He was educated in England at Wellington College, before attending the Royal Military College at Sandhurst. He graduated from there into the King's Own Scottish Borderers (KOSB) as a second lieutenant in 1921, before being promoted to lieutenant in August 1925. Dixon played first-class cricket for Hampshire in the 1926 County Championship, making two appearances against Gloucestershire at Southampton and Derbyshire at Chesterfield. He resigned his commission with the KOSB in January 1931, becoming a steel merchant. During the Second World War, Dixon was an emergency commission with the rank of second lieutenant, being appointed into the Intelligence Corps. He held the war substantive rank of captain by September 1943. His early war service saw him appointed by MI5 to be the Regional Security Liaison Officer at Cambridge, where he was involved with the apprehension of several German spies who had parachuted into Britain. Amongst these were Gösta Caroli, Wulf Schmidt, Josef Jakobs, and Karel Richard Richter. Later in the war, he served in British India with the Intelligence Bureau, where he helped to establish the Counter Intelligence Combined Board. Following the war, Dixon established the Security Intelligence Far East in 1946, serving as its head before passing its leadership onto Malcolm Johnson of MI5. After the end of his military career, he acted as secretary of the West African Institute For Trypanosomiasis Research. Dixon died at Rye in March 1973.

text:
# Cecil Dixon (cricketer)

**Cecil Egerton Dixon** (21 July 1903 — 3 March 1973) was a Scottish first-class cricketer and an officer in the Intelligence Corps during the Second World War.

The son of Brigadier-General Henry Grey Dixon, he was born in July 1903 at Duns, Berwickshire. He was educated in England at Wellington College, before attending the Royal Military College at Sandhurst. He graduated from there into the King's Own Scottish Borderers (KOSB) as a second lieutenant in 1921, before being promoted to lieutenant in August 1925. Dixon played first-class cricket for Hampshire in the 1926 County Championship, making two appearances against Gloucestershire at Southampton and Derbyshire at Chesterfield. He resigned his commission with the KOSB in January 1931, becoming a steel merchant.

During the Second World War, Dixon was an emergency commission with the rank of second lieutenant, being appointed into the Intelligence Corps. He held the war substantive rank of captain by September 1943. His early war service saw him appointed by MI5 to be the Regional Security Liaison Officer at Cambridge, where he was involved with the apprehension of several German spies who had parachuted into Britain. Amongst these were Gösta Caroli, Wulf Schmidt, Josef Jakobs, and Karel Richard Richter. Later in the war, he served in British India with the Intelligence Bureau, where he helped to establish the Counter Intelligence Combined Board. Following the war, Dixon established the Security Intelligence Far East in 1946, serving as its head before passing its leadership onto Malcolm Johnson of MI5. After the end of his military career, he acted as secretary of the West African Institute For Trypanosomiasis Research. Dixon died at Rye in March 1973.

## InfoBox

Cecil Dixon
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Cecil Egerton Dixon |
| Born | (1903-07-21)21 July 1903
Duns, Berwickshire, Scotland |
| Died | 3 March 1973(1973-03-03) (aged 69)
Rye, Sussex, England |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1929 | Hampshire |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class  Matches 2  Runs scored 10  Batting average 2.50  100s/50s –/–  Top score 10  Catches/stumpings –/– | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 26 January 2010 | |


title: Shoichi Sakata

abstract: Shoichi Sakata was a Japanese physicist and Marxist who was internationally known for theoretical work on the subatomic particles. He proposed the two meson theory, the Sakata model, and the Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata neutrino mixing matrix. After the end of World War II, he joined other physicists in campaigning for the peaceful uses of nuclear power.

text:
# Shoichi Sakata

**Shoichi Sakata** (坂田 昌一, *Sakata Shōichi*, 18 January 1911 – 16 October 1970) was a Japanese physicist and Marxist who was internationally known for theoretical work on the subatomic particles. He proposed the two meson theory, the Sakata model (an early precursor to the quark model), and the Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata neutrino mixing matrix.

After the end of World War II, he joined other physicists in campaigning for the peaceful uses of nuclear power.

## Life and career

### Early life and education

Sakata was born in Tokyo, Japan on January 18, 1911, to a family that held a tradition of public service. He was the eldest of six children of Tatsue Sakata and Mikita Sakata. At the time of Sakata's birth, Mikita was secretary to Prime Minister Katsura Tarō, who became Sakata's godfather. While attending Kōnan Middle School in Hyōgo Prefecture in 1924, Sakata was taught by the physicist Bunsaku Arakatsu. During his time as a student at Kōnan High School from 1926 to 1929, Sakata attended a lecture given by the influential physicist Jun Ishiwara. Sakata also became closely acquainted with Katō Tadashi, who would later co-translate Friedrich Engels's 1883 unfinished work *Dialectics of Nature* into Japanese. According to Sakata, *Dialectics of Nature* and Vladimir Lenin's 1909 work *Materialism and Empirio-criticism* became formative works for his thinking.

### Higher education and career

Sakata got in to the Kyoto Imperial University in 1930. When he was a second year student, Yoshio Nishina, a granduncle-in-law of Sakata, gave a lecture on quantum mechanics at the Kyoto Imperial University. Sakata became acquainted with Hideki Yukawa and Shin'ichirō Tomonaga, the first and the second Japanese Nobel laureates, through the lecture. After graduating from the university, Sakata worked with Tomonaga and Nishina at Rikagaku Kenkyusho (RIKEN) in 1933 and moved to Osaka Imperial University in 1934 to work with Yukawa. Yukawa published his first paper on the meson theory in 1935 and Sakata closely collaborated with him for the developments of the meson theory. Possible existence of the neutral nuclear force carrier particle π0 was postulated by them. Accompanied by Yukawa, Sakata moved to Kyoto Imperial University as a lecturer in 1939.

Sakata and Inoue proposed their two-meson theory in 1942. At the time, a charged particle discovered in the hard component cosmic rays was misidentified as the Yukawa's meson (π±, nuclear force career particle). The misinterpretation led to puzzles in the discovered cosmic ray particle. Sakata and Inoue solved these puzzles by identifying the cosmic ray particle as a daughter charged fermion produced in the
π±
decay. A new neutral fermion was also introduced to allow
π±
decay into fermions.

We now know that these charged and neutral fermions correspond to the second generation leptons μ and
ν
μ in the modern language. They then discussed the decay of the Yukawa particle,

|
π+
 |  |
μ+
 | \+
ν
μ |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |

Sakata and Inoue predicted correct spin assignment for the muon, and they also introduced the second neutrino. They treated it as a distinct particle from the beta decay neutrino, and anticipated correctly the three body decay of the muon. The English printing of Sakata-Inoue's two-meson theory paper was delayed until 1946, one year before the experimental discovery of π → μν decay.

Sakata moved to Nagoya Imperial University as a professor in October 1942 and remained there until his death. The name of the university was changed to Nagoya University in October 1947 after the end of the Pacific War (1945). Sakata reorganized his research group in Nagoya to be administrated under the democracy principle after the War.

Sakata stayed at the Niels Bohr Institute from May to October 1954 at the invitation of N. Bohr and C. Møller. During his stay, Sakata gave a talk introducing works of young Japanese particle physics researchers, especially emphasizing an empirical relation found by Nakano and Nishijima, which is now known as the Nakano-Nishijima-Gell-Mann (NNG) rule among the strongly interacting particles (hadrons).

After Sakata returned to Nagoya, Sakata and his Nagoya group started researches trying to uncover the physics behind the NNG rule. Sakata then proposed his Sakata Model in 1956, which explains the NNG rule by postulating the fundamental building blocks of all strongly interacting particles are the proton, the neutron and the lambda baryon. The positively charged pion is made out of a proton and an antineutron, in a manner similar to the Fermi-Yang composite Yukawa meson model, while the positively charged kaon is composed of a proton and an anti-lambda, succeeding to explain the NNG rule in the Sakata model. Aside from the integer charges, the proton, neutron, and lambda have similar properties as the up quark, down quark, and strange quark respectively.

In 1959, Ikeda, Ogawa and Ohnuki and, independently, Yamaguchi found out the U(3) symmetry in the Sakata model. The U(3) symmetry provides a mathematical descriptions of hadrons in the eightfold way idea (1961) of Murray Gell-Mann. Sakata's model was superseded by the quark model, proposed by Gell-Mann and George Zweig in 1964, which keeps the U(3) symmetry, but made the constituents fractionally charged and rejected the idea that they could be identified with observed particles. Still, within Japan, integer charged quark models parallel to Sakata's were used until the 1970s, and are still used as effective descriptions in certain domains.

Sakata's model was used in Harry J. Lipkin's book *"Lie Groups for Pedestrians"* (1965). The Sakata model and its SU(3) symmetry were also explained in the textbook *"Weak Interaction of Elementary Particles"*, L.B.Okun (1965).

In 1959, Gamba, Marshak and Okubo found Sakata's baryon triplet (proton, neutron and lambda baryon) bears striking similarity to the lepton triplet (neutrino, electron and muon) in the weak interaction aspects. In order to explain the physics behind this similarity in the composite model framework, in 1960, Sakata expanded his composite model to include leptons with his Nagoya University associates Maki, Nakagawa, and Ohnuki. The expanded model was termed “Nagoya Model”. Shortly thereafter the existence of two kinds of neutrinos was experimentally confirmed. In 1962, Maki, Nakagawa and Sakata, and also Katayama, Matumoto, Tanaka and Yamada accommodated the two distinct types of neutrino into the composite model framework.

In his 1962 paper with Maki and Nakagawa, they used the Gell-Mann-Levy proposal of modified universality to define the weak mixing angle that later became known as Cabibbo angle; and extended it to the leptons, clearly distinguishing neutrino weak and mass eigenstates, thus defining the neutrino flavor mixing angle as well as predicting neutrino flavor oscillations. The neutrino flavor mixing matrix is now named Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata matrix. The nontrivial neutrino mixing as introduced in the Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata paper is now experimentally confirmed through the neutrino oscillation experiments.

## Influences

The U(3) symmetry found first in the Sakata model gave a guiding principle to construct the quark model of Gell-Mann and Zweig. The two-meson theory of Sakata and Inoue became well-recognized in the world around 1950.

The 2008 physics Nobel laureates Yoichiro Nambu, Toshihide Maskawa and Makoto Kobayashi, who received their awards for work on symmetry breaking, all came under his tutelage and influence. The baryonic mixing in the weak current in the Nagoya Model was the inspiration for the later Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix of 1973, which specifies the mismatch of quantum states of quarks, when they propagate freely and when they take part in weak interactions. Physicists however, generally attribute the introduction of a third generation of quarks (the "top" and "bottom" quarks) into the Standard Model of the elementary particles to that 1973 paper by Kobayashi and Maskawa.

The neutrino oscillation phenomena, as predicted by Maki, Nakagawa and Sakata, has been experimentally confirmed (2015 Nobel prize in physics).

Kent Staley (2004) describes the historical background to their paper, emphasizing the largely forgotten role of theorists at Nagoya University and the "Nagoya model" they developed. Several of the authors of the Nagoya model embraced the philosophy of dialectical materialism, and he discusses the role that such metaphysical commitments play in physical theorizing. Both theoretical and experimental developments that generated great interest in Japan, and ultimately stimulated Kobayashi and Maskawa's 1973 work, went almost entirely unnoticed in the U.S. The episode exemplifies both the importance of untestable "themata" in developing new theories, and the difficulties that may arise, when two parts of a research community work in relative isolation from one another.

## Missed out on Nobel Prize

Shoichi Sakata's "Sakata model" inspired Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig's quark model, but the 1969 prize was only awarded to Murray Gell-Mann. Afterward, Ivar Waller, the member of Nobel Committee for Physics was sorry that Sakata had not received a prize.

In September 1970, Hideki Yukawa politely wrote to Waller informing him that Sakata had been ill when the nomination was written; since then, his condition had worsened significantly. Three weeks later, Sakata died. Yukawa informed Waller that a prize to Sakata would have brought him much honor and encouragement. He, then, in the name of leading Japanese particle physicists, asked to know what the Nobel committee thought of Sakata's merits, for that would perhaps bring them consolation.

## Honors

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Shoichi Sakata | |
| --- | --- |
| 坂田 昌一 | |
| Sakata in 1949 | |
| Born | (1911-01-18)January 18, 1911
Tokyo, Empire of Japan |
| Died | October 16, 1970(1970-10-16) (aged 59)
Nagoya, Japan |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Known for | Two meson theory
Sakata model
Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata matrix |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Physics |
| Institutions | Nagoya University
Osaka University
Kyoto University
RIKEN |
| Notable students | Makoto Kobayashi
Toshihide Maskawa |
|  | |


title: Shirley Tyler

abstract: Shirley Tyler is an American politician who served as a member of the New Mexico House of Representatives for the 61st district from 2007 to 2013. Elected in 2006, she resigned in 2012 and was succeeded by David Gallegos. During her tenure, Tyler was a member of the National Conference of State Legislatures Nuclear Legislative Workgroup. In March 2011, Tyler married J.B. Pugh in the chamber of the New Mexico House of Representatives. She was walked down the aisle by Donald Bratton.

text:
# Shirley Tyler

**Shirley Tyler** is an American politician who served as a member of the New Mexico House of Representatives for the 61st district from 2007 to 2013. Elected in 2006, she resigned in 2012 and was succeeded by David Gallegos. During her tenure, Tyler was a member of the National Conference of State Legislatures Nuclear Legislative Workgroup.

In March 2011, Tyler married J.B. Pugh in the chamber of the New Mexico House of Representatives. She was walked down the aisle by Donald Bratton.

1. "Shirley Tyler". *Ballotpedia*. Retrieved 2020-11-19.
2. "Former Representative Shirley A. Tyler - (R)". *www.nmlegis.gov*. Retrieved 2020-11-19.
3. Smith, Mike. "Eddy County Board of Commissioners mull over State Senate replacements". *Carlsbad Current-Argus*. Retrieved 2020-11-19.
4. "NCSL Nuclear Legislative Workgroup Meeting/DOE Intergovernmental Meeting". *www.ncsl.org*. Retrieved 2020-11-19.
5. "Lawmaker Marries In State House Chamber". *KOAT*. 2011-03-12. Retrieved 2020-11-19.

## InfoBox

| Shirley Tyler | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the New Mexico House of Representatives
from the 61st district | |
| **In office**
2007–2013 | |
| Succeeded by | David Gallegos |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Republican |
| Residence(s) | Lea County, New Mexico, U.S. |
|  | |


title: Shimazu Kameju

abstract: Shimazu Kameju or Kamejuhime (亀寿姫), was a Japanese noble woman from the Shimazu clan during the Sengoku period. She was the third daughter of Shimazu Yoshihisa, 16th head of the Shimazu clan, and wife to the 18th clan head, Shimazu Iehisa. Kameju is known as a beautiful and wise woman, it is said that she was very kind and loved by the people of Kagoshima. She played important roles as a diplomat when living under the Toyotomi clan, she later became castellan of Kokubu Castle. It is said that visitors to Tsurugane Shrine will be blessed with her beauty, and each year a ceremony called Jimyo-sai is held where women gather to pray for health and beauty.

text:
# Shimazu Kameju

**Shimazu Kameju** (島津亀寿, *1571 - 1630*) or **Kamejuhime** (亀寿姫), was a Japanese noble woman from the Shimazu clan during the Sengoku period. She was the third daughter of Shimazu Yoshihisa, 16th head of the Shimazu clan, and wife to the 18th clan head, Shimazu Iehisa. Kameju is known as a beautiful and wise woman, it is said that she was very kind and loved by the people of Kagoshima. She played important roles as a diplomat when living under the Toyotomi clan, she later became castellan of Kokubu Castle.

It is said that visitors to Tsurugane Shrine will be blessed with her beauty, and each year a ceremony called Jimyo-sai is held where women gather to pray for health and beauty.

## Early life

Kameju was born in 1571 as the daughter of the powerful feudal lord, Shimazu Yoshihisa, who ruled much of the Satsuma area on the island of Kyushu.

Kameju's mother is the daughter of Tanegashima Tokitaka known for introducing firearms to Japan. Kameju's mother died when she was two years old, so she was raised by a nanny and a maid.

## First Marriage

Kameju Shimazu was the daughter of the head of the Shimazu family, when Toyotomi Hideyoshi conquers the island of Kyushu, the Shimazu family surrenders. Kameju, who was 17 at the time in 1587, went to Kyoto as a hostage. Kameju played the role of a hostage to show the loyalty of the Shimazu clan, who had fallen under the Toyotomi regime. She later returned to her homeland and married Shimazu Hisayasu, the son of Shimazu Yoshihiro.

As Yoshihisa did not have a son, he decided to make his successor his daughter's husband, Hisayasu was appointed as the next head of the Shimazu family, being the son-in-law of the current leader. The couple's relationship was reportedly good. However, in 1593, shortly after their marriage, Hisayasu died of illness at the age of 22 during the Bunroku War. Kameju was widowed at a young age after four years of marriage.

## Second Marriage

As Hisayasu, who was supposed to be the next family head, died of illness, Toyotomi Hideyoshi appointed Hisayasu's younger brother Shimazu Iehisa as the next head of the Shimazu clan. Thus, Kameju became Iehisa's lawful wife.

During the war with Korea, Iehisa participated by commanding 7,000 troops, he defeated 30,000 Ming troops, demonstrating his bravery. On the other hand, Kameju was once again taken hostage by the Toyotomi family. Upon arriving in the capital Osaka, she conveyed various information from Kyoto to the members of the Shimazu clan, and made a great contribution to transforming the clan, which was unaware of the situation in Kyoto, into one of the first clan with a complex system of diplomacy

It is believed that Shimazu Kameju's achievements are highly regarded by the Shimazu family. In 1599, Kameju was granted by Shimazu Yoshihiro (her uncle) landholdings of 5,000 *koku* in the Hioki District of Satsuma. The following year, she was granted by Shimazu Yoshihisa (her father) additional landholdings of 2,739 koku in the village of Ōnejime in Ōsumi Province.

### Battle of Sekigahara

After the death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, a civil war broke out between supporters of Ishida Mitsunari and Tokugawa Ieyasu. This fight between the Western (Mitsunari's) and Eastern (Ieyasu's) armies became known as the Battle of Sekigahara. When the battle began, Kameju was held hostage in Osaka Castle by Mitsunari of the Western Army as a countermeasure against the defection of the Shimazu clan fearing that the Shimazu would ally with Ieyasu.

Mitsunari was killed and the Western army lost, so the Shimazu army managed to return from Sekigahara to Osaka. In the chaos after the battle ended, Shimazu Yoshihiro arrived at Osaka Castle. With the help of local merchants, Yoshihiro was able to free his wife Saisho and Shimazu Kameju, before the band of survivors returned home to Satsuma by boat..

### Banished from Kagoshima

After the Battle of Sekigahara, the Shimazu clan lost much of its power and part of its land was divided. Kameju's father, Yoshihisa, who had sided with Mitsunari's army was punished, so Shimazu Iehisa saw it as an opportunity and apologized to Tokugawa Ieyasu in place of the leader of the Shimazu. After territorial settlement, Kameju's husband Iehisa officially became the head of the Shimazu family, but Yoshihisa continued to wield great authority.

Although her husband became the head of the Shimazu family, their relationship was very bad and she had no children with him. As Shimazu Iehisa was married, he could not have a concubine. In order to get permission from Ieyasu Tokugawa to have a concubine, Iehisa asks to adopt the second son of Tokugawa Hidetada, the second shogun of the Tokugawa Shogunate.

In 1611, after the death of Shimazu Yoshihisa due to tensions between Shimazu Kameju and Shimazu Iehisa, Kameju was expelled from Kagoshima Castle, being deprived of the right to be a legal wife. Kameju went to live in Kokubun Castle and became a castellan. Then, as if to show off, Iehisa acquired eight consorts.

### Nominating Successor

Kameju Shimazu was banished from Kagoshima Castle due to a conflict with her husband, but as the previous head of the family, Shimazu Yoshihisa, had no son, Kameju had the right to name a successor to the head of the family.

Kameju decided to adopt Shimazu Mitsuhisa, the second son of Shimazu Tadatsune and grandson of his older sister Ohira-kata, and named him as the clan's successor. Kameju's wish was granted and Shimazu Mitsuhisa reigned for a long time as head of the Shimazu family.

In 1624, she received another grant of 10,000 *koku* free of levies for her generation.

## Death

In 1630, Kameju dies at Kokubun Castle. Kameju was worshiped in the Shimazu family, she received much of her ancestors' inheritance. Due to the fight with Iehisa, she preferred to give her inheritances to her servants and her adopted son. Kokubun Castle came under the direct control of the feudal lord, and a manor house was placed there.

Furthermore, there was a deep dislike for her husband, and it is said that her ex-husband, Iehisa, did not build a family shrine after Kameju's death and neglected the funeral service. Shimazu Iehisa sent a *waka* to her servants that is interpreted as: “In this transient world, Kameju died in the tenth month of the lunar calendar. I am not, however, weeping so much as to make my sleeves wet with tears.” However, there is also another interpretation of the *waka* that he was indeed crying to make his sleeve wet on the wish this was not the real world.

Mitsuhisa, who learned of this fact, built a family shrine for Kameju, buried his ashes in Koyasan, and ordered his vassals to visit the shrine without fail.

### Legacy

In a secluded corner of the Kagoshima City Art Museum, nestled within the town of Shiroyama, Kagoshima, discreetly positioned behind a statue honoring Saigō Takamori, stands a stone figure known as Jimesā. This enigmatic statue, originally unearthed in 1929 on the former site of Kagoshima's municipal offices, is believed to represent Kameju, affectionately referred to as Jimesā in the Kagoshima dialect, derived from her posthumous name, Jimyōin.

A cherished tradition unfolds each year on the anniversary of Kameju's passing, which falls on October 5. On this solemn occasion, the statue is adorned with cosmetics, meticulously applied by the dedicated women of Kagoshima's municipal office. The makeup, featuring black and white poster paint, as well as lipstick and cheek rouge, reflects contemporary fashion trends and receives substantial media coverage, captivating the local populace. This enduring practice, dating back to 1929, serves as a heartfelt tribute to the enduring memory of Kameju.

There exists a hypothesis that the statue referred to as Jimesā may not have originally been crafted in Kameju's likeness. In Kagoshima's Daijō Temple, affiliated with the Shingon sect, during the Edo period, a stone statue known as Shirochizō held significance. It was customary for visitors, including the Shimazu family, to apply face powder to this statue as part of their prayers. Remarkably, Shirochizō bore a resemblance to Jimesā. Following the Meiji period's movement to abolish Buddhism, which led to the closure of Daijō Temple, the statue found its new home at the current location of Jimesā. This intriguing connection between Shirochizō and Kameju established the Daijō Temple as an institution with a profound affinity for Kameju.

1. 日本人名大辞典+Plus,367日誕生日大事典, 朝日日本歴史人物事典,デジタル版. "亀寿(かめじゅ)とは？ 意味や使い方". *コトバンク* (in Japanese). Retrieved 11 August 2023.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
2. "島津亀寿". *刀剣ワールド* (in Japanese). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
3. 田端 1996, p. 192.
4. "島津義久" (in Japanese). コトバンク. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
5. "じめさあ、キリリ太眉に 鹿児島、持明院様が化粧直し" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 5 October 2013.

## Sources

* 田端泰子『女人政治の中世』講談社、1996年。

## InfoBox

| Jime-saaShimazu Kameju | |
| --- | --- |
| 島津亀寿 | |
| Stone pillar where Kokubu Castle is located. | |
|  | |
| Castellan of Kokubu Castle | |
| **In office**
1611–1630 | |
|  | |
| Personal | |
| Born | 1571 |
| Died | 1630 |
| Cause of death | natural causes |
| Religion | Buddhism |
| Nationality | Japan |
| Home town | Kagoshima |
| Spouse | Shimazu Iehisa |
| Parent | Shimazu Yoshihisa |
| Dharma names | Jimyo-in |
| Occupation | Lady of Samurai family
Bhikkhunī |
| Military service | |
| Unit | Shimazu clan |


title: Cedar

abstract: Cedar may refer to:

text:
# Cedar

**Cedar** may refer to:

## Trees and plants

* *Cedrus*, common English name cedar, an Old-World genus of coniferous trees in the plant family Pinaceae
* Cedar (plant), a list of trees and plants known as cedar

## Places

### United States

### Elsewhere

## Ships

* SS *Cedar*, a Panamanian coastal trading vessel in service from 1955 to 1958
* USLHT *Cedar*, a United States Lighthouse Service lighthouse tender in commission in 1917 and from 1919 to 1939 which also saw service as:
    + the United States Navy patrol vessel USS *Cedar*, in commission from 1917 to 1919
    + the United States Coast Guard lighthouse tender USCGC Cedar (WAGL-207), in commission from 1939 to 1950

## Other


title: Cedar's Blues

abstract: Cedar's Blues is a live album by pianist Cedar Walton's Quintet recorded in 1985 and released on the Italian Red label.

text:
# Cedar's Blues

***Cedar's Blues*** is a live album by pianist Cedar Walton's Quintet recorded in 1985 and released on the Italian Red label.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings* |  |

Scott Yanow of AllMusic said, "The results may not be unique but the solos of Walton, Berg and Fuller are consistently satisfying, making this date easily recommended to hard bop collectors".

## Track listing

*All compositions by Cedar Walton except as indicated*

1. "Cedar's Blues" – 11:45
2. "Ugetsu" – 12:40
3. "Insight" – 6:50
4. "Over the Rainbow" (Harold Arlen, Yip Harburg) – 6:40
5. "Fiesta Español" – 10:35

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Cedar's Blues | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Cedar Walton Quintet | |
| Released | 1985 |
| Recorded | March 1985
Osteria delle Dame, Bologna, Italy |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 49:07 |
| Label | Red
VPA 179 |
| Producer | Alberto Alberti |
| Cedar Walton chronology | |
| *The All American Trio*
(1983) ***Cedar's Blues***
(1985) *The Trio 1*
(1985) | |


title: Cello Concerto (Finzi)

abstract:
The Cello Concerto in A minor, Op. 40, was composed by Gerald Finzi in 1955. The piece is in three movements:
  - I. Allegro moderato
  - II. Andante quieto
  - III. Rondo: Adagio - Allegro giocoso The concerto was written as the result of a request by John Barbirolli, and first performed by Barbirolli and the Hallé Orchestra, with Christopher Bunting as the soloist at the Cheltenham Music Festival on 19 July 1955. The first radio broadcast of the concerto was given on the night before Finzi died in 1956. Part of the second movement was used as the signature tune for the BBC Radio 2003 of adaptation of C. P. Snow's Strangers and Brothers.

text:
# Cello Concerto (Finzi)

The **Cello Concerto in A minor**, Op. 40, was composed by Gerald Finzi in 1955.

The piece is in three movements:

The concerto was written as the result of a request by John Barbirolli, and first performed by Barbirolli and the Hallé Orchestra, with Christopher Bunting as the soloist at the Cheltenham Music Festival on 19 July 1955. The first radio broadcast of the concerto was given on the night before Finzi died in 1956.

Part of the second movement was used as the signature tune for the BBC Radio 2003 of adaptation of C. P. Snow's *Strangers and Brothers*.


title: Shou County

abstract: Shou County or Shouxian is a county in the north-central part of Anhui Province, China, and is located on the southern (right) bank of the Huai River. It is the southernmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Huainan. Its population is 1,280,000 and its area is 2,986 km⁲ (1,153 sq mi). It is a National Cultural and Historical City. The jurisdiction of Shou County was transfer from Lu'an to Huainan. Shou County has jurisdiction over 17 towns, 7 townships and 1 ethnic township. The seat of Shou County is Shouchun.

text:
# Shou County

**Shou County** or **Shouxian** (simplified Chinese: 寿县; traditional Chinese: 壽縣; pinyin: *Shòu Xiàn*) is a county in the north-central part of Anhui Province, China, and is located on the southern (right) bank of the Huai River. It is the southernmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Huainan. Its population is 1,280,000 and its area is 2,986 km2 (1,153 sq mi). It is a National Cultural and Historical City. The jurisdiction of Shou County was transfer from Lu'an to Huainan.

Shou County has jurisdiction over 17 towns, 7 townships and 1 ethnic township. The seat of Shou County is Shouchun.

## History

Shou, formerly known as **Shouchun** (壽春) and **Shouyang** (壽陽), was the last capital of the State of Chu from 241 BCE, after the Chu royal court fled in advance of the sack of the previous capital Chen (), by the growing power of the kingdom of Qin, on its way to imperial ascendency. King You of Chu was buried in Shou County, though his tomb was destroyed by warlords in the 1930s. From the time of the Qin dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period, the county fell under the jurisdiction of Jiujiang Commandery (九江郡). It was also the site of the crowning of Yuan Shu during the Three Kingdoms. During the Jin dynasty, the Battle of Fei River also occurred within the borders of Shou. Shou became renowned throughout China for its pottery during the Sui and Tang dynasties. Shou was besieged during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The county also produced many well-known officials during the Song dynasty, including multiple Prime Ministers and ministers. During the Taiping Rebellion in the later years of the Qing dynasty, Chen Yucheng was captured in Shou.

## Administrative divisions

In the present, Shou County has 22 towns, 2 townships and 1 ethnic township.

21 towns

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |

3 townships 1 Ethnic township

## Climate

| Climate data for Shouxian (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20.2
(68.4) | 26.7
(80.1) | 29.9
(85.8) | 33.7
(92.7) | 36.7
(98.1) | 37.7
(99.9) | 39.0
(102.2) | 37.6
(99.7) | 37.2
(99.0) | 34.2
(93.6) | 29.8
(85.6) | 23.4
(74.1) | 39.0
(102.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.7
(44.1) | 9.8
(49.6) | 15.0
(59.0) | 21.5
(70.7) | 27.0
(80.6) | 31.3
(88.3) | 32.3
(90.1) | 31.1
(88.0) | 27.7
(81.9) | 22.6
(72.7) | 15.8
(60.4) | 9.1
(48.4) | 20.8
(69.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.0
(35.6) | 4.7
(40.5) | 9.6
(49.3) | 15.9
(60.6) | 21.5
(70.7) | 25.9
(78.6) | 28.0
(82.4) | 27.0
(80.6) | 22.7
(72.9) | 17.1
(62.8) | 10.3
(50.5) | 4.1
(39.4) | 15.7
(60.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.7
(28.9) | 0.6
(33.1) | 4.8
(40.6) | 10.9
(51.6) | 16.5
(61.7) | 21.2
(70.2) | 24.5
(76.1) | 23.8
(74.8) | 18.9
(66.0) | 12.7
(54.9) | 5.9
(42.6) | 0.1
(32.2) | 11.5
(52.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −15.4
(4.3) | −14.1
(6.6) | −5.3
(22.5) | −2.0
(28.4) | 4.7
(40.5) | 12.3
(54.1) | 18.1
(64.6) | 15.8
(60.4) | 8.8
(47.8) | 0.7
(33.3) | −6.8
(19.8) | −18.1
(−0.6) | −18.1
(−0.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 30.6
(1.20) | 38.1
(1.50) | 60.2
(2.37) | 46.9
(1.85) | 63.2
(2.49) | 123.4
(4.86) | 227.7
(8.96) | 147.7
(5.81) | 78.3
(3.08) | 49.4
(1.94) | 45.6
(1.80) | 22.9
(0.90) | 934
(36.76) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 6.8 | 8.2 | 8.7 | 8.1 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 11.5 | 11.6 | 8.1 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 5.9 | 102.2 |
| Average snowy days | 4.6 | 2.7 | 1.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 10.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 75 | 75 | 74 | 66 | 67 | 67 | 78 | 80 | 74 | 67 | 75 | 74 | 73 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 125.3 | 127.4 | 163.6 | 194.2 | 201.3 | 179.8 | 206.2 | 194.8 | 165.0 | 164.6 | 148.4 | 136.5 | 2,007.1 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 39 | 41 | 44 | 50 | 47 | 42 | 48 | 48 | 45 | 47 | 48 | 44 | 45 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Economy

Shou County is crisscrossed with rivers, and as a result it is a very productive agricultural region. Main products of this area include rice, wheat and cotton. Currently Shou County is a focal point of a national project to increase production of agricultural goods. Zhengyang Pass, located on the Wai River, is a major point of transportation and goods distribution in Anhui.

## InfoBox

| Shouxian 寿县 | |
| --- | --- |
| County | |
| Tongfei Gate of the city wall | |
| Shou County is the southernmost division in this map of Huainan | |
| Huainan in Anhui | |
| Coordinates: 32°32′42″N 116°47′54″E / 32.5450°N 116.7982°E / 32.5450; 116.7982 | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Anhui |
| Prefecture-level city | Huainan |
| County seat | Shouchun Town |
| Area | |
| Total | 2,986 km2 (1,153 sq mi) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 838,507 |
| Density | 280/km2 (730/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 232200 |


title: Shoubak revolts

abstract: The Shoubak revolts were a series of uprisings against Ottoman authority in the Transjordanian town of Shoubak that took place in 1900 and 1905. The second uprising started after the Ottoman forces started to put women of the town into forced labor, considered to be a deliberate act of punishment against the inhabitants of Shoubak who were frequently insubordinate. Shoubak rose in revolt and managed to rally the neighboring Bedouins with them; the perpetuators were brutally punished by military force through an Ottoman expedition sent from Al-Karak, just north of Shoubak.

text:
# Shoubak revolts

The **Shoubak revolts** were a series of uprisings against Ottoman authority in the Transjordanian town of Shoubak that took place in 1900 and 1905. The second uprising started after the Ottoman forces started to put women of the town into forced labor, considered to be a deliberate act of punishment against the inhabitants of Shoubak who were frequently insubordinate. Shoubak rose in revolt and managed to rally the neighboring Bedouins with them; the perpetuators were brutally punished by military force through an Ottoman expedition sent from Al-Karak, just north of Shoubak.

## Shoubak revolt of 1900

Heavy taxation by the Ottoman Empire authorities with no state-provided services in return led to a rebellion by the inhabitants of Shoubak in 1900. During that rebellion, the inhabitants of Shoubak climbed the town's Montreal Crusader Castle and killed a number of Ottoman soldiers. After the revolt failed to spread to neighboring towns and was quickly suppressed, the inhabitants of Shoubak were eager for another revolt.

## Shoubak revolt of 1905

The second revolt started in May 1905, after Ottoman forces started to put women of the town into forced labor, tasking them with carrying water from springs deep in the valley to the Montreal Castle up above where the troops where stationed. This may have been a deliberate act of punishment against the inhabitants of Shoubak, who were frequently insubordinate. The people of Shoubak revolted because they considered the humiliation of their women as an attack on their honour. The townsmen assaulted and expelled Ottoman soldiers from the castle, and took shelter in it.

Historian Suleiman Mousa argues that Ottoman authorities intentionally humiliated the Arabs they governed in order to provoke them into a rebellion. The Mutasarrıf of the nearby town of Al-Karak sent a special expedition consisting of 100 armed horsemen to confront the rebels. The Bedouins of the area joined the rebels and together refused to surrender the castle to the Ottomans. The horsemen raided the town, killed a number of its inhabitants, reoccupied the castle, and confiscated a number of the townsmen's possessions.

## Aftermath

The events at Shoubak caused further tensions between the Arabs and the Ottoman authorities, and is believed to have contributed to local support for the Great Arab Revolt against the Ottomans in 1916.

## InfoBox

| Shoubak Revolt of 1905 | |
| --- | --- |
| <br>View of Syria Vilayet | |
| Date May 1905  Location Shoubak30°31′53″N 35°33′39″E / 30.531378°N 35.560825°E / 30.531378; 35.560825  Result  Rebellion brutally suppressed | |
| Belligerents | |
| Ottoman Empire | Inhabitants of Shoubak |
| Strength | |
| 100 armed horsemen | N/A |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 10 dead | 150 dead |
| class=notpageimage|Location within Jordan | |