title: Saturn INT-21

abstract: The Saturn INT-21 was a study for an American orbital launch vehicle of the 1970s. It was derived from the Saturn V rocket used for the Apollo program, using its first and second stages and capable of placing 115,900 kg to LEO, but lacking the third stage. The guidance unit would be moved from the top of the third stage to the top of the second stage. The INT-21 was never flown. A related variant was launched once, from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida carrying the Skylab space station into orbit, at 17:30 UTC, on May 14, 1973. As Skylab was built from an S-IVB stage, there was no need to move the guidance unit. This version was intended to be used for other flights in the Apollo Applications Program, and would have also been used to launch other American space stations, including Skylab B.

text:
# Saturn INT-21

The **Saturn INT-21** was a study for an American orbital launch vehicle of the 1970s. It was derived from the Saturn V rocket used for the Apollo program, using its first and second stages and capable of placing 115,900 kg (255,500 lb) to LEO, but lacking the third stage. The guidance unit would be moved from the top of the third stage to the top of the second stage. The INT-21 was never flown.

A related variant was launched once, from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida carrying the Skylab space station into orbit, at 17:30 UTC, on May 14, 1973. As *Skylab* was built from an S-IVB stage, there was no need to move the guidance unit. This version was intended to be used for other flights in the Apollo Applications Program, and would have also been used to launch other American space stations, including Skylab B.

## InfoBox

Saturn INT-21
| The Saturn INT-21 would have been similar to the Saturn V which launched the Skylab space station, on May 14, 1973 | |
| --- | --- |
| Function | Launch vehicle |
| Manufacturer |  |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Size | |
| Height | 98.5 m (323 ft) (without payload) |
| Diameter | 10.06 m (33.0 ft) |
| Mass | 2,916,080 kg (6,428,860 lb) |
| Stages | 2 |
| Capacity | |
| Payload to LEO | |
| Mass | 115,900 kg (255,500 lb) |
|  | |
| Launch history | |
| Status | Study |
| Launch sites | LC-39A, Kennedy Space Center |
| Total launches | 0 |
| First stage - S-IC | |
| Engines | 5 Rocketdyne F-1 |
| Thrust | 34.02 MN (7,650,000 lbf) |
| Burn time | 150 seconds |
| Propellant | RP-1 / LOX |
| Second stage S-II | |
| Engines | 5 Rocketdyne J-2 |
| Thrust | 5 MN (1,100,000 lbf) |
| Burn time | 360 seconds |
| Propellant | LH2 / LOX |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Facemob

abstract: Facemob was an American hip hop group put together by rapper Scarface. The group consisted of 350, DMG, Devin the Dude, Chi-Ray and Smit-D, with Scarface producing and writing songs for the group's debut album. The group first made an uncredited appearance on Scarface's 1995 single "Among the Walking Dead" from the Walking Dead soundtrack album, but the group's first official appearance came later in the year on the Tales from the Hood soundtrack album on the self-titled song "Face Mob". Facemob also appeared on the soundtrack albums for Original Gangstas and High School High before releasing their debut album, The Other Side of the Law, which peaked at 51 on the Billboard 200. After a four-year hiatus, the group returned in 2002 with the release of their second and final album, Silence.

text:
# Facemob

**Facemob** was an American hip hop group put together by rapper Scarface. The group consisted of 350, DMG, Devin the Dude, Chi-Ray and Smit-D, with Scarface producing and writing songs for the group's debut album.

The group first made an uncredited appearance on Scarface's 1995 single "Among the Walking Dead" from the *Walking Dead* soundtrack album, but the group's first official appearance came later in the year on the *Tales from the Hood* soundtrack album on the self-titled song "Face Mob". Facemob also appeared on the soundtrack albums for *Original Gangstas* and *High School High* before releasing their debut album, *The Other Side of the Law*, which peaked at 51 on the *Billboard* 200. After a four-year hiatus, the group (minus Devin the Dude) returned in 2002 with the release of their second and final album, *Silence*.

## Discography

### Studio albums

| Title | Release | Peak chart positions | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US | US
R&B |
| *The Other Side of the Law* |  | 51 | 6 |
| *Silence* | * Released: November 19, 2002 * Label: Rap-A-Lot |  | 84 |

## InfoBox

| Facemob | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Houston, Texas, United States |
| Genres | Hip hop |
| Years active | 1995–2002 |
| Labels | Rap-A-Lot |
|  | |
| Past members | 350
DMG
Devin the Dude
Chi-Ray
Smit-D |


title: Cassidula plecotrematoides

abstract: Cassidula plecotrematoides is a species of small air-breathing salt marsh snail, a pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Ellobiidae.

text:
# Cassidula plecotrematoides

***Cassidula plecotrematoides*** is a species of small air-breathing salt marsh snail, a pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Ellobiidae.

## Subspecies

* *Cassidula plecotrematoides japonica* Möllendorff, 1901
* *Cassidula plecotrematoides plecotrematoides* Möllendorff, 1901

## Distribution

*Cassidula plecotrematoides japonica* occurs in Japan and it is critically endangered and endangered (CR＋EN) there.

The conservation status of *Cassidula plecotrematoides plecotrematoides* is near threatened.

* Martins, A. M. d. F. 1998. *The anatomy of Cassidula Ferussac, 1821 and a case for the revival of the Cassidulinae Odhner, 1925*. In: Morton, B. (ed.) The Marine Biology of the South China Sea. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Marine Biology of the South China Sea, Hong Kong. pp. 25–42

## InfoBox

| *Cassidula plecotrematoides* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Cassidula plecotrematoides japonica*. | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Ellobiida |
| Family: | Ellobiidae |
| Genus: | *Cassidula* |
| Species: | ***C. plecotrematoides*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cassidula plecotrematoides***<br>Möllendorff, 1901 | |
|


title: Siobhan-Marie O'Connor

abstract: Siobhan-Marie O'Connor is a former English competitive swimmer who has represented Great Britain at the Olympic Games, the FINA World Aquatics Championships and the LEN European Aquatics Championships, and England at the Commonwealth Games. A specialist in the 200 metres individual medley, she is the 2014 and 2018 Commonwealth Games champion in the event, and has won silver medals in the same event at the 2016 Summer Olympics, the 2015 World Aquatics Championships, 2016 European Aquatics Championships, the 2014 World Short-Course Championships and the 2013 and 2015 European Short Course Championships – on each occasion behind World and Olympic champion Katinka Hosszú. With six Commonwealth Games medals in total from 2014, O'Connor was England's most decorated athlete at those Games. In addition, O'Connor swam the butterfly leg for Great Britain in the non-Olympic 4 x 100-metre mixed medley relay that won gold at the 2015 FINA World Aquatics Championships in a world record time for the event. she has also won gold medals in 2016 at the European Championships in the same event, and in the women's 4 x 100 metres medley relay. O'Connor first competed for Great Britain at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the 100m breaststroke event. She holds the British records for 200 metres individual medley, the 100 breaststroke and the 4 x 100-metre mixed medley relay. O'Connor announced her retirement from competitive swimming on 16 June 2021, following a long battle with ulcerative colitis. O'Connor became a swimming coach and trained Daisy Ridley for her role in the 2024 movie Young Woman and the Sea.

text:
# Siobhan-Marie O'Connor

**Siobhan-Marie O'Connor** (born 29 November 1995) is a former English competitive swimmer who has represented Great Britain at the Olympic Games, the FINA World Aquatics Championships and the LEN European Aquatics Championships, and England at the Commonwealth Games. A specialist in the 200 metres individual medley, she is the 2014 and 2018 Commonwealth Games champion in the event, and has won silver medals in the same event at the 2016 Summer Olympics, the 2015 World Aquatics Championships, 2016 European Aquatics Championships, the 2014 World Short-Course Championships and the 2013 and 2015 European Short Course Championships – on each occasion behind World and Olympic champion Katinka Hosszú. With six Commonwealth Games medals in total from 2014, O'Connor was England's most decorated athlete at those Games.

In addition, O'Connor swam the butterfly leg for Great Britain in the non-Olympic 4 x 100-metre mixed medley relay that won gold at the 2015 FINA World Aquatics Championships in a world record time for the event. she has also won gold medals in 2016 at the European Championships in the same event, and in the women's 4 x 100 metres medley relay.

O'Connor first competed for Great Britain at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the 100m breaststroke event. She holds the British records for 200 metres individual medley, the 100 breaststroke and the 4 x 100-metre mixed medley relay.

O'Connor announced her retirement from competitive swimming on 16 June 2021, following a long battle with ulcerative colitis.

O'Connor became a swimming coach and trained Daisy Ridley for her role in the 2024 movie Young Woman and the Sea.

## Personal life

O'Connor attended St. Gregory's Catholic College in Bath. She missed her prom to compete in the qualifying meet for the 2012 London Olympics. In 2015, Siobhan was at a Team Bath warm weather training camp at Northern Arizona University at the same time four students were shot by a freshman following an altercation outside a fraternity house, leaving one dead and three wounded.

O'Connor has ulcerative colitis, a type of inflammatory bowel disease.

## InfoBox

Siobhan-Marie O'Connor
| O'Connor (right) at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships medal ceremony for the 200 m medley | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Siobhan-Marie O'Connor |
| Nickname | SOC |
| National team | Great Britain |
| Born | (1995-11-29) 29 November 1995<br>Bath, England |
| Height | 5 ft 7 in (170 cm) |
| Weight | 132 lb (60 kg) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Swimming |
|  | |
| Strokes | Freestyle, butterfly, medley, breaststroke |
| Club | Bath National Centre |
| Coach | David McNulty |
|  | |
| Medal record      Women's swimming  Representing  Great Britain   Event 1st 2nd 3rd  Olympic Games 0 1 0  World Championships (LC) 1 0 1  World Championships (SC) 0 3 0  European Championships(LC) 2 1 1  European Championships 0 3 2  Commonwealth Games 2 4 3  **Total** **5** **12** **7**   Olympic Games  2016 Rio de Janeiro 200 m medley  World Championships (LC)  2015 Kazan 4×100 m mixed medley  2015 Kazan  200 m medley  World Championships (SC)  2014 Doha  100 m medley  2014 Doha  200 m medley  2014 Doha  4×50 m mixed medley  European Championships (LC)  2016 London 4×100 m medley  2016 London 4×100 m mixed medley  2016 London 200 m medley  2018 Glasgow 4×100m medley  European Championships (SC)  2013 Herning  200 m medley  2015 Netanya  100 m medley  2015 Netanya  200 m medley  2019 Glasgow 200 m medley  Representing  England  Commonwealth Games  2014 Glasgow  200 m medley  2018 Gold Coast  200 m medley  2014 Glasgow  200 m freestyle  2014 Glasgow  100 m butterfly  2014 Glasgow  4×100 m freestyle  2014 Glasgow  4×100 m medley  2014 Glasgow  4×200 m freestyle  2018 Gold Coast  4×100 m freestyle  2018 Gold Coast  4×200 m freestyle | |


abstract: Reference Re Remuneration of Judges [1998] 1 S.C.R. 3 was a decision by the Supreme Court of Canada addressing questions regarding the 1997 Provincial Judges Reference, also known as Re Remuneration of Judges. Since the Supreme Court, in 1997, found independent committees were needed to help determine judicial salaries, the Court now had to address challenges regarding the creation of such committees.

text:
# Reference re Remuneration of Judges (No 2)

***Reference Re Remuneration of Judges (No 2)*** \[1998\] 1 S.C.R. 3 was a decision by the Supreme Court of Canada addressing questions regarding the 1997 Provincial Judges Reference, also known as *Re Remuneration of Judges.* Since the Supreme Court, in 1997, found independent committees were needed to help determine judicial salaries, the Court now had to address challenges regarding the creation of such committees.

## Background

In the *Provincial Judges Reference* of 1997, the Court found that Alberta, Manitoba and Prince Edward Island's remuneration of Provincial Court judges was unconstitutional, since it breached a requirement for judicial independence. The Court said that independent salary commissions were needed to help recommend salaries, and governments could deviate from these recommendations only with rational reasons. Since Alberta and Prince Edward Island did not have such commissions, while Manitoba did but did not consult its commission, their actions regarding remuneration were deemed invalid.

The decision created certain challenges, and the governments of Alberta, Manitoba and Prince Edward Island had to approach the Court again for a solution. Since section 11(d) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees a right to be tried before an independent tribunal, and in 1997 the Court decided the Provincial Courts of these three provinces were not independent, the decision threw many criminal law cases into question. Moreover, some governments needed time to set up commissions.

## Decision

The Supreme Court's opinion was written by Chief Justice Antonio Lamer, who had also authored the 1997 Reference. He declined to give a declaration that the criminal law decisions by Provincial Courts should be considered constitutional, since they would be constitutional anyway. Lamer's finding was that, according to the "doctrine of necessity", a judge who is not impartial can hear a case when no impartial judge is available. He wrote, "The law recognizes that in some situations a judge who is not impartial and independent is preferable to no judge at all." Lamer then held that this doctrine went back to 1430, when judges considered a challenge against themselves. This was allowed since there was no court besides their own that could hear the case. Lamer also concluded the doctrine was used, albeit not overtly, in *Beauregard v. Canada* (1986), since the Supreme Court had to consider its own independence, as well as that of other Canadian courts. However, the Court in 1998 cited *Laws v Australian Broadcasting Tribunal*, a decision by the High Court of Australia, to say the doctrine was limited. It should not be used where it would lead to considerable injustice, and it should not be used more than necessity dictates. If these conditions are not followed, Lamer said, the doctrine would "gravely undermine" section 11(d). In all, Lamer acknowledged, this was a situation in which "finality and continuity" were needed over fairness, and section 11(d) does not provide total fairness.

Regarding the facts of this case, Lamer said that for a decision to be challenged there needed to be evidence of considerable injustice. Lamer noted the Provincial Court judges could not be blamed for their lack of independence, and they had to continue working under the Criminal Code and because some defendants chose to come before Provincial Court judges. Regarding Prince Edward Island, the Court found it could not make a declaration that the criminal cases should be upheld for another reason. Namely, the Prince Edward Island aspect of the *Re Remuneration of Judges* was brought before the Supreme Court in the form of a reference question. Reference questions are cases in which the Supreme Court gives non-binding opinions; thus, Prince Edward Island's actions were not found unconstitutional in a binding way.

The Court then considered whether it should give provincial governments more time to set up the salary commissions and receive recommendations. The Court decided it should delay the requirement of commissions until September 18, 1998, one year after the 1997 Reference.

## Aftermath

In a subsequent judicial independence case, *Mackin v. New Brunswick* (2002), the Supreme Court found a government action unconstitutional for not following the *Provincial Judges Reference*, although the action predated the reference. The action also came before September 18, 1998, the day the commission requirement became effective according to *Re Remuneration of Judges (No. 2)*. However, the Supreme Court replied in *Mackin* that the 1998 decision was merely meant to keep courts running; unconstitutional remuneration was still considered unconstitutional prior to September 18, 1998. Thus, the Court in *Mackin* found the government actions unconstitutional.

## InfoBox

| Reference Re Remuneration of Judges (No 2) | |
| --- | --- |
| **Supreme Court of Canada** | |
| Hearing: January 19, 1998
Judgment: February 10, 1998 | |
| Full case name | *Reference Re Remuneration of Judges of the Provincial Court of Prince Edward Island; Reference Re Independence and Impartiality of Judges of the Provincial Court of Prince Edward Island* |
| Citations | \[1998\] 1 S.C.R. 3; 1998 CanLII 833 (S.C.C.); \[1998\] 161 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 125; (1998), 155 D.L.R. (4th) 1; (1998), 121 C.C.C. (3d) 474; (1998), 49 C.R.R. (2d) 1; (1998), 50 Admin. L.R. (2d) 273; (1998), 126 Man. R. (2d) 97 |
| Prior history | None (rehearing) |
| Holding | |
| The doctrine of necessity states those tried under dependent tribunals in this case have not been denied their rights to an independent tribunal. | |
| Court membership | |
| **Chief Justice:** Antonio Lamer
**Puisne Justices:** Claire L'Heureux-Dubé, Charles Gonthier, Peter Cory, Beverley McLachlin, Frank Iacobucci, John C. Major, Michel Bastarache, Ian Binnie | |
| Reasons given | |
| Unanimous reasons by | Lamer |


title: Cathedral Avenue

abstract: Cathedral Avenue is a short lane situated in Perth between St Georges Terrace and Hay Street east of Barrack Street within the Cathedral Square precinct. Sometimes it was shown as St George's Avenue. Cathedral Avenue operates as an access route to both the Treasury Buildings and to St George's Cathedral for formal functions.

text:
# Cathedral Avenue

31°57′20″S 115°51′39″E / 31.9555°S 115.8608°E / -31.9555; 115.8608

**Cathedral Avenue** is a short lane situated in Perth between St Georges Terrace and Hay Street east of Barrack Street within the Cathedral Square precinct.

Sometimes it was shown as St George's Avenue. Cathedral Avenue operates as an access route to both the Treasury Buildings and to St George's Cathedral for formal functions.

## History

Changes in the buildings along the course of the lane have revealed a range of significant buildings in the city centre.

The Hay Street end was gated in the late 1920s. Parking in the street was regularly a problem. Drunk and disorderly behaviour was an issue over time in the street.

## Intersections

| LGA | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Perth | Perth | 0 | 0.0 | St Georges Terrace |  |
| | | 0.14 | 0.087 | Hay Street |  |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Cathedral Avenue, Perth
Western Australia | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Type | Street |
| Length | 140 m (500 ft) |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | St Georges Terrace |
| North end |  |
| Location(s) | |
| Suburb(s) | Perth |


title: Ramniklal Solanki

abstract: Ramniklal Chhanganlal Solanki was an Indian-British journalist and newspaper editor. He moved to the United Kingdom in 1964.

text:
# Ramniklal Solanki

**Ramniklal Chhanganlal Solanki** CBE (1931  1 March 2020) was an Indian-British journalist and newspaper editor. He moved to the United Kingdom in 1964.

## Honours, decorations, awards and distinctions

* Awarded OBE "For services to Publishing and to the Asian Community." New Year's Honours, 31 December 1998
* Awarded CBE "For services to Publishing and to Community Relations." New Year Honours, 30 December 2006

## InfoBox

| Ramniklal Solanki | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1931 |
| Died | 1 March 2020(2020-03-01) (aged 88–89) |
| Occupation(s) | journalist and newspaper editor |


title: The Gatekeepers (book)

abstract: The Gatekeepers: Inside the Admissions Process of a Premier College is a 2002 nonfiction book, written by education reporter Jacques Steinberg, that examines the inner workings of the admissions committee at Wesleyan University. The book expands upon a series of articles Steinberg wrote in The New York Times. Steinberg follows six college applicants through the admissions process. The book covers issues such as affirmative action, recruiting, standardized testing and the significance of the SATs.

text:
# The Gatekeepers (book)

***The Gatekeepers: Inside the Admissions Process of a Premier College*** is a 2002 nonfiction book, written by education reporter Jacques Steinberg, that examines the inner workings of the admissions committee at Wesleyan University. The book expands upon a series of articles Steinberg wrote in *The New York Times*. Steinberg follows six college applicants through the admissions process. The book covers issues such as affirmative action, recruiting, standardized testing and the significance of the SATs.

## Reception

*The Gatekeepers* was not a best-seller and received mixed reviews.

The *Harvard Education Review* considered that it would offer little help to parents trying to get their children into colleges.

Beth Provinse, in the *Journal of College Admissions*, criticized Steinberg for focusing on one school, which she said did not reflect "the current realities of college admission." She argued that in contrast to Wesleyan's admissions practices, many colleges emphasize a numbers approach in evaluating a candidate. She cited the University of Michigan's highly publicized point system as an example.

*Publishers Weekly* reckoned it would not be of interest to students, but parents might buy it.

Shannon Bloomstran of *The Book Reporter,* said it was a "fascinating peek behind the curtain" and said that before reading she "really had no idea of the extent of agony and debate that takes place in the admissions offices of these highly selective schools."

Edward B. Fiske, editor of the highly popular *Fiske Guide to Colleges*, praised Steinberg for reporting on a "distinctly American rite of passage".

John Bundris of the *Christian Science Monitor* described *The Gatekeepers* as a "fitting denouement after the college applications are in the mail - for parent and student alike".

## InfoBox

The Gatekeepers
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Jacques Steinberg |
| Cover artist | William Mercer |
| Language | English |
| Genre | nonfiction, journalism |
| Publisher | Penguin Group |
| Publication date | 2002 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (hardcover) |
| Pages | 292 p. |
| ISBN | 0-670-03135-6 |
| OCLC | 49283806 |
| Dewey Decimal | 378.1/61 21 |
| LC Class | LB2351.2 .S72 2002 |


title: Sebastian Harrison

abstract: Sebastian Harrison was a French art déco architect, and artist, dividing his time between city planning and painting pictures, both centering on the art déco style. Throughout his career he worked in the shadows of other canonised artists, focusing his attention on perfecting his style. He is little known for his artistry, however according to a 1986 book he had a great deal of influence over what was to signify art déco.

text:
# Sebastian Harrison

**Sebastian Harrison** (12 March 1860 – 19 November 1930) was a French art déco architect, and artist, dividing his time between city planning and painting pictures, both centering on the art déco style. Throughout his career he worked in the shadows of other canonised artists, focusing his attention on perfecting his style. He is little known for his artistry, however according to a 1986 book he had a great deal of influence over what was to signify art déco.

## Career

During the 1880s and early 1890s, Harrison worked in a city-planner-like position in Nice before eventually getting a similar job in Paris, which would enable him to establish himself as artist. For it was in Paris that he at the world's fair in 1900 would establish himself as one of the *Société des artistes décorateurs*. Although a wide array of other names are quoted as influential, he is rarely mentioned. This is believed to be the result of a chosen life-style, in that he did not want fame or success, but only to work in peace and quiet. Even though he is not as well known as other art déco celebrities, he is said to have been highly influential within the *Société des artistes décorateurs* and a source of inspiration of the likes of Paul Follot and Hector Guimard.

## Personal life

Little is known about the personal life of Sebastian Harrison, although it is believed that he was of Irish descent, which would explain the last name not being French, brought up through poor conditions. He was married to Marie Harrison and had two sons, Nicolas and Cassius.

## Sources

* Cabanne, Pierre, *Encyclopédie Art déco*, Somogy, Paris, 1986.
* Exposition internationale des arts décoratifs et industriels modernes, *Encyclopédie des arts décoratifs et industriels modernes au XXème siècle*, 2, Architecture, 1977 \[1925\].


title: Te Uku Wind Farm

abstract: Te Uku Wind Farm is a wind farm located at Te Uku near Raglan. It has a capacity of 64 MW using 28 wind turbines. Construction was completed in March 2011, at a cost of $200 million. The farm covers an area of approximately 200 hectares (2.0 km⁲). The wind farm is jointly owned by WEL Networks and Meridian Energy. Resource consent was granted in May 2008 and appeals were resolved by November 2008. Construction of the wind farm began in 2010. Hick Bros Civil and Spartan Construction won an award for outstanding technical and environmental planning. The wind farm was officially opened by Prime Minister John Key in February 2011. Te Uku was fully operational on 10 March 2011. Te Uku Windfarm is controlled from Wellington where Meridian has its control centre for running all of their New Zealand Hydro and Wind generation assets. The windfarm is linked to the national grid at Te Kowhai substation by about 17 km (11 mi) of 33 kV lines on 159 steel poles built on concrete pile foundations and an underground cable from just west of Waitetuna Valley Rd to Cogswell Rd, a total of about 25 km (16 mi).

text:
# Te Uku Wind Farm

**Te Uku Wind Farm** is a wind farm located at Te Uku near Raglan. It has a capacity of 64 MW using 28 wind turbines. Construction was completed in March 2011, at a cost of $200 million. The farm covers an area of approximately 200 hectares (2.0 km2). The wind farm is jointly owned by WEL Networks and Meridian Energy.

Resource consent was granted in May 2008 and appeals were resolved by November 2008. Construction of the wind farm began in 2010. Hick Bros Civil and Spartan Construction won an award for outstanding technical and environmental planning. The wind farm was officially opened by Prime Minister John Key in February 2011. Te Uku was fully operational on 10 March 2011.

Te Uku Windfarm is controlled from Wellington where Meridian has its control centre for running all of their New Zealand Hydro and Wind generation assets.

The windfarm is linked to the national grid at Te Kowhai substation by about 17 km (11 mi) of 33 kV lines on 159 steel poles built on concrete pile foundations and an underground cable from just west of Waitetuna Valley Rd to Cogswell Rd, a total of about 25 km (16 mi).

## Construction

Each 130.5 m. high, 318 tonne, turbine took 2 or 3 days to build using 4 cranes, the largest a 600 tonne KR Wind/NZ Crane Group Alliance crane. Towers were formed in 3 sections (made in Korea), and topped by Siemens components (as at Makara) - a 3.5 m circumference, 81 tonne nacelle, hub and 3 turbine blades. Barge transport was considered, but rejected in favour of road transporters running from September 2010 to January 2011.

## Pipiwharauroa Way

One of the mitigation measures was this walking and cycling track. The track climbs from a car park on Kawhia Rd, near Bridal Veil, runs about 6 km and climbs 280m to the windfarm on Wharauroa Plateau. Over 2 km of less interesting walking can be saved if the walk is started from the gate at the end of the driveable part of Plateau Rd. From this point Lake Disappear can be seen to the south after wet weather. The track peters out into the partly formed paper road (see the dashed line on the 1:50,000 map just north of the Pakihi Stream). It follows an ancient Maori track which was often used by warriors on raids between Waikato and Kawhia.

The road access to the windfarm largely followed the paper road, which was started around 1900 (a local historian, Bob Vernon, wrote that a store ledger started at Te Mata in 1896 includes at least 11 workers on the road) and seemingly abandoned a few years later, though Bob Vernon also wrote, "about 1919 the Public Works Department cut a six-foot track through solid bush, from the south-eastern end of the plateau \[where it joins this paper road\] to the head of the Makomako valley".

In 2013 there was controversy between a local farmer and Waikato District Council about whether Pipiwharauroa Way could be closed for the lambing season.

## Microwave tower

From the mid 1950s a microwave tower has been on the crest of the hill overlooking Te Uku. It is now also part of a smart metering network. There is also a VHF repeater near the tower.

1. "Te Uku Wind Farm". *www.windenergy.org.nz*. Retrieved 9 December 2015.

## InfoBox

| Te Uku Wind Farm | |
| --- | --- |
| The wind farm in June 2012 | |
|  | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Location | Te Uku, near Raglan |
| Coordinates | 37°52′42″S 174°57′47″E / 37.87833°S 174.96306°E / -37.87833; 174.96306 |
| Status | Operational |
| Construction began | October 2010 (October 2010) |
| Commission date | 19 November 2011 (19 November 2011) |
| Construction cost | $230m |
| Owners | Meridian Energy and New Zealand |
| Wind farm | |
| Type | Onshore |
| Hub height | 80 m (262 ft) |
| Rotor diameter | 101 m (331 ft) |
| Rated wind speed | 14–90 km/h (9–56 mph) |
| Site area | 200 hectares (2.0 km2) |
| Site elevation | 500m |
| Power generation | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Units operational | 28 |
| Make and model | Siemens: SWT-2.3-101 |
| Nameplate capacity | 64 MW |
| External links | |
| Website | www.meridianenergy.co.nz/power-stations/wind/te-uku |
| Commons | Related media on Commons |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Sava II Branković

abstract:
Sava II Branković, St. Sava II Branković or Sabbas Brancovici was a hierarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church who was canonized for opposing the oppression of the Roman Catholic Church, the Calvinists, and the Ottoman Empire.
His youngest brother was Đorđe Branković who spent three decades in jail without being charged for any crime. Today Sava II Branković is venerated as the Metropolitan of Transylvania, and Confessor of Romania, his feast day is on the 24th of April.

text:
# Sava II Branković

**Sava II Branković**, **St. Sava II Branković** or **Sabbas Brancovici** (Ineu, Principality of Transylvania, 1615 - Alba Iulia, Principality of Transylvania, 24 April 1683) was a hierarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church who was canonized for opposing the oppression of the Roman Catholic Church, the Calvinists, and the Ottoman Empire. His youngest brother was Đorđe Branković who spent three decades in jail without being charged for any crime. Today Sava II Branković is venerated as the Metropolitan of Transylvania, and Confessor of Romania, his feast day is on the 24th of April.

## Biography

Simeon Branković was born in 1615 in the town of Ineu (Serbian: Jenopolje) in Arad County, at the western border of the Principality of Transylvania, which was a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire. The Branković family was of notable Serbian origin and owned many large estates, and produced several notable soldiers and ecclesiastics since the end of the 16th century, becoming the most prominent among the Serb families of Arad County.

Young Simeon was tutored at home, then his studies took him to Orthodox monasteries in Hungary, Serbia and Bulgaria. After visiting his uncle, Metropolitan Longin Korenić Branković at the Comana Monastery, south of Bucharest, he decided to stay there to complete his education. Simeon had an opportunity to obtain an excellent education there. The Metropolitan tutored him in religious and secular subjects. Simeon read widely and avidly, primarily historical and biblical works, which he first discovered in the rich library of his uncle. After completing his studies, Simeon returned home and got married at the age of thirty. He was ordained to the holy priesthood, but his wife prematurely died soon after. At the same time, Simeon, the oldest of four brothers, lost his father Jovan and two of his brothers to the plague. His mother Mara then became a nun and retreated to a monastery, leaving her youngest son Đorđe who was ten years old. Simeon immediately took charge of his youngest brother. Father Simeon continued to serve in the Lord's vineyard for ten years, converting many Moslems, and reconverting Christians who had embraced Islam. His brother Đorđe received an enviable education, becoming a polyglot like his older brother who wrote in Slavonic-Serbian, Church Slavonic, Hungarian, Romanian, and Latin; he also knew Greek, Bulgarian, Turkish, Italian and German.

In 1656, a council of the clergy at Alba Iulia elected the widowed Father Simeon as the Metropolitan of Ardeal. He traveled to the Saint Nicholas-Geartoglu Church of Targovishte in Wallachia, and there he received monastic tonsure with the name Sava. On September 16, 1656, he was consecrated by metropolitan Stephen of Wallachia. Metropolitan Sava II moved to the capital of the principality, Gyulafehérvár (Alba Iulia) taking his brother Đorđe with him. Sava's episcopal service was plagued by the missionary activities of the Calvinists who tried to convert the Orthodox, and who were supported by the Prince of Transylvania (Prince Apafi). In addition, frequent wars threatened the stability of the area during his first years as a Metropolitan. Sava, however, proved to be equal to the task, being a faithful defender of the Church. He always showed little interest in yielding to the demands of the political authority to establish Calvinism among the ranks of the Orthodox, let alone unity with the Roman Catholics. He corresponded with metropolitan bishops Dosoftei and Varlaam Moțoc.

In the face of these difficulties, Sava set up a printing house in Alba Iulia where he published service books, manuals of instruction for clergy and laity, and catechism. He also preached sermons based on the writings of the Early Fathers and using the Lives of the Saints as models for his flock.

For more than two decades, Sava played a leading role in Erdelj's book printing. He was one of the first to print in the Romanian language. Sava and his followers at Alba Iulia made the first steps in formulating the fundamentals of the modern Romanian and Serbian languages. The proliferation of the Romanian language in print was part of a wider effort of what would eventually become Romania's struggle for sovereignty and cultural self-preservation a century and a half later. Sava wanted to preserve the Romanian identity that had been experiencing enormous pressure from the Hungarians, Austrians, and Turks. He initiated the publication of sermons for the laity in Romanian, Biblical texts in Church Slavonic, and scientific books in Slavonic-Serbian, Romanian, Greek, and Latin. Sava wrote several books which were distributed in Transylvania, Moldavia, and Wallachia, now extant. Sava was driven from his See between 1660-1662 because of his labors to strengthen his flock in Orthodoxy. Although he returned to his duties, more determined than ever, and served without interruption until 1680, Metropolitan Sava was often harassed because he refused to cooperate with the prince of the realm -- Michael I Apafi—and the Calvinists, who took root in Ardeal (Transylvania) a century earlier, the 1550s. Among the Hungarian speakers in Transylvania, the Calvinist branch was the dominant religion of the upper class, though Transylvania and Banat at the time had a large Romanian and Serbian population respectively.

Sava concocted the idea that the Brankovići of Arad County descended from the medieval Branković dynasty, which was not improbable, being the last ruling dynasty in Serbia before the Ottoman conquest. He passed this idea to Đorđe, with whom it would resonate all his life. The metropolitan planned a diplomatic and political career for his younger brother, who learned Turkish, Hungarian, Romanian, and Latin. In 1663, during the government of Prince Michael I Apafi, Đorđe was employed as *dragoman* for the *kapı kâhyası* (agent) representing the ruler of Transylvania at the Ottoman Porte. After the agent died in December 1663, Đorđe served as the acting *kapı kâhyası* until October 1664. He remained at the Porte until 1667, participating in several diplomatic missions.

In 1668, Metropolitan Sava II traveled to the Russian Empire accompanied by eleven men, Đorđe Branković among them. The journey was planned to seek help from the Emperor for the Orthodox population in Transylvania (Erdelj). The metropolitan had an audience with Tsar Alexis and informed him that the Orthodox Serbs, Bulgarians, and Wallachians were ready to liberate themselves from the Turks, with Russia's military help.

Shortly after their return from Russia, the journey made Sava problems with the authorities. This led to Sava's persecution by Prince Apafi and the Protestant leadership, who did not appreciate the metropolitan's fierce opposition to their attempts to convert the Orthodox faithful of Transylvania and they are constantly want to be free from the Turks. In February of 1669, Apafi issued a decree imposing many duties and restrictions on Sava and consequently on the majority of the Orthodox flock. Because Sava had contacts with political opponents of Prince Apafi (the Russians), he also became the target of the Calvinist Superintendent Peter Kovásznai, the Reformed bishop of Transylvania, who saw Sava as an obstacle towards the intended conversion of the Orthodox into Calvinism. The latter denomination was a dominant political class in Transylvania at the time while the Romanian majority was subjected to the Calvinizing pressure from the authorities. Đorđe Branković was imprisoned for having the same contacts of which his brother was accused.

Still, Apafi made occasional concessions to Sava, on the other hand, he insisted on compliance with the so-called fifteen points of his predecessors and unconditional subordination of the Orthodox clergy to the Reformed superintendent Kovásznai. Despite Apafi's disagreements with Sava, Đorđe Branković was again in his service. Prince Apafi even entrusted Đorđe with diplomatic and intelligence assignments. Đorđe continued to serve as the Transylvanian *kapı kâhyası* at the Porte from 1675 to 1677. Sava apparently navigated shrewdly through these obstacles, since he remained the hierarch of Ardeal (Transylvania) until 1680, and despite repeated criticism from the leaders of the Reformed Church that, regarding the fifteen points, he "adhered to some of them, but not to others." In 1680, Metropolitan Sava II, however, was suddenly imprisoned. Among the possible reasons for the charges were the nomination of a new Calvinist superintendent in the person of Mihaly Tóföi and—much more seriously—the apparent participation of Đorđe and Sava Branković in a recently discovered plot to raise a revolt against the Turks, which would jeopardize Apafi position in Transylvania.

Sava was taken to Blaj castle as Apafi's prisoner, and Đorđe Branković lost no time to contact his friend, Șerban Cantacuzino, who acted on their behalf. He helped Metropolitan Sava to retain his metropolitan chair compelling the Habsburg to observe the old tradition in force from the time of Michael the Brave and Starina Novak, that the metropolitan of Alba Iulia be elected by the synod of Wallachia, which also consolidated the unity of the Romanians and other Orthodox co-religionists on both sides of the Carpathians.

After he was released, Sava died on April 24, 1683, the result of injuries he had sustained during the time in Apafi's castle in Blaj where he was seriously whipped. Much later, his brother would be incarcerated for almost three decades by Leopold I for allegedly attempting to unite the Serbs in the Balkans against the Ottoman Empire. Though kept in prison, he was never charged.

St. Sava was glorified by the Romanian Orthodox Church on 21 October 1955.

### Sources

### Footnotes

## InfoBox

| Saint<br>St Sava II Branković | |
| --- | --- |
| Confessor against the Calvinists | |
| Born | 1615 |
| Died | 24 April 1683 |
| Venerated in | Eastern Orthodox Church |
| Canonized | 21 October 1955 by Romanian Orthodox Church |


abstract: The 1912 United States presidential election in West Virginia took place on November 5, 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. West Virginia voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. West Virginia was won by Princeton University President Woodrow Wilson (D–Virginia), running with governor of Indiana Thomas R. Marshall, with 42.11% of the popular vote, against the 26th president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt, running with governor of California Hiram Johnson, with 29.43% of the popular vote, the 27th president of the United States William Howard Taft (R–Ohio), running with Columbia University President Nicholas Murray Butler, with 21.11% of the popular vote and the five-time candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States Eugene V. Debs (S–Indiana), running with the first Socialist mayor of a major city in the United States Emil Seidel, with 5.67% of the popular vote. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Ritchie County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate, as well as the only election in which Grant County did not vote for the Republican candidate.

text:
# 1912 United States presidential election in West Virginia

The **1912 United States presidential election in West Virginia** took place on November , 1912, as part of the 1912 United States presidential election. West Virginia voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

West Virginia was won by Princeton University President Woodrow Wilson (Virginia), running with governor of Indiana Thomas R. Marshall, with 42.11% of the popular vote, against the 26th president of the United States Theodore Roosevelt (New York), running with governor of California Hiram Johnson, with 29.43% of the popular vote, the 27th president of the United States William Howard Taft (Ohio), running with Columbia University President Nicholas Murray Butler, with 21.11% of the popular vote and the five-time candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States Eugene V. Debs (Indiana), running with the first Socialist mayor of a major city in the United States Emil Seidel, with 5.67% of the popular vote. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Ritchie County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate, as well as the only election in which Grant County did not vote for the Republican candidate.

## Results

1912 United States presidential election in West Virginia
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Woodrow Wilson** | **113,197** | **42.11%** |
|  | Progressive | Theodore Roosevelt | 79,112 | 29.43% |
|  | Republican | William Howard Taft (incumbent) | 56,754 | 21.11% |
|  | Socialist | Eugene V. Debs | 15,248 | 5.67% |
|  | Prohibition | Eugene W. Chafin | 4,517 | 1.68% |
| Total votes | | | **268,828** | **100.00%** |

### Results by county

1912 United States presidential election in West Virginia by county
| County | Thomas Woodrow Wilson
Democratic | | William Howard Taft
Republican | | Theodore Roosevelt
Progressive "Bull Moose" | | Eugene Victor Debs
Socialist | | Margin | | Total votes cast |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | |
| Barbour | 1,561 | 42.29% | 607 | 16.45% | 1,424 | 38.58% | 99 | 2.68% | 137 | 3.71% | 3,691 |
| Berkeley | 2,703 | 50.14% | 1,349 | 25.02% | 1,204 | 22.33% | 135 | 2.50% | 1,354 | 25.12% | 5,391 |
| Boone | 1,119 | 45.19% | 416 | 16.80% | 627 | 25.32% | 314 | 12.68% | 492 | 19.87% | 2,476 |
| Braxton | 2,611 | 51.74% | 580 | 11.49% | 1,816 | 35.99% | 39 | 0.77% | 795 | 15.76% | 5,046 |
| Brooke | 850 | 33.74% | 972 | 38.59% | 453 | 17.98% | 244 | 9.69% | -122 | -4.85% | 2,519 |
| Cabell | 4,793 | 46.62% | 1,798 | 17.49% | 3,210 | 31.22% | 480 | 4.67% | 1,583 | 15.40% | 10,281 |
| Calhoun | 1,349 | 55.93% | 575 | 23.84% | 476 | 19.73% | 12 | 0.50% | 774 | 32.09% | 2,412 |
| Clay | 932 | 44.28% | 352 | 16.72% | 766 | 36.39% | 55 | 2.61% | 166 | 7.89% | 2,105 |
| Doddridge | 866 | 31.79% | 622 | 22.83% | 1,192 | 43.76% | 44 | 1.62% | -326 | -11.97% | 2,724 |
| Fayette | 3,757 | 34.09% | 2,697 | 24.47% | 3,140 | 28.49% | 1,428 | 12.96% | 617 | 5.60% | 11,022 |
| Gilmer | 1,493 | 59.72% | 469 | 18.76% | 516 | 20.64% | 22 | 0.88% | 977 | 39.08% | 2,500 |
| Grant | 356 | 20.42% | 349 | 20.02% | 1,025 | 58.81% | 13 | 0.75% | -669 | -38.39% | 1,743 |
| Greenbrier | 2,707 | 51.96% | 622 | 11.94% | 1,797 | 34.49% | 84 | 1.61% | 910 | 17.47% | 5,210 |
| Hampshire | 1,777 | 72.44% | 406 | 16.55% | 266 | 10.84% | 4 | 0.16% | 1,371 | 55.89% | 2,453 |
| Hancock | 634 | 32.02% | 664 | 33.54% | 557 | 28.13% | 125 | 6.31% | -30 | -1.52% | 1,980 |
| Hardy | 1,209 | 64.51% | 344 | 18.36% | 314 | 16.76% | 7 | 0.37% | 865 | 46.16% | 1,874 |
| Harrison | 4,378 | 41.10% | 1,754 | 16.47% | 3,443 | 32.32% | 1,077 | 10.11% | 935 | 8.78% | 10,652 |
| Jackson | 1,935 | 42.65% | 1,199 | 26.43% | 1,355 | 29.87% | 48 | 1.06% | 580 | 12.78% | 4,537 |
| Jefferson | 2,525 | 67.79% | 993 | 26.66% | 152 | 4.08% | 55 | 1.48% | 1,532 | 41.13% | 3,725 |
| Kanawha | 6,658 | 37.26% | 1,780 | 9.96% | 6,360 | 35.59% | 3,071 | 17.19% | 298 | 1.67% | 17,869 |
| Lewis | 1,929 | 45.39% | 1,029 | 24.21% | 1,146 | 26.96% | 146 | 3.44% | 783 | 18.42% | 4,250 |
| Lincoln | 1,876 | 44.87% | 631 | 15.09% | 1,618 | 38.70% | 56 | 1.34% | 258 | 6.17% | 4,181 |
| Logan | 1,404 | 49.95% | 518 | 18.43% | 642 | 22.84% | 247 | 8.79% | 762 | 27.11% | 2,811 |
| Marion | 4,535 | 48.08% | 1,625 | 17.23% | 2,447 | 25.94% | 826 | 8.76% | 2,088 | 22.14% | 9,433 |
| Marshall | 2,405 | 37.71% | 1,610 | 25.24% | 1,842 | 28.88% | 521 | 8.17% | 563 | 8.83% | 6,378 |
| Mason | 1,812 | 37.95% | 1,024 | 21.45% | 1,692 | 35.43% | 247 | 5.17% | 120 | 2.51% | 4,775 |
| McDowell | 2,497 | 26.77% | 4,341 | 46.54% | 2,425 | 26.00% | 64 | 0.69% | -1,844 | -19.77% | 9,327 |
| Mercer | 3,497 | 43.07% | 1,507 | 18.56% | 2,958 | 36.43% | 158 | 1.95% | 539 | 6.64% | 8,120 |
| Mineral | 1,367 | 39.16% | 513 | 14.69% | 1,446 | 41.42% | 165 | 4.73% | -79 | -2.26% | 3,491 |
| Mingo | 1,832 | 42.05% | 1,569 | 36.01% | 884 | 20.29% | 72 | 1.65% | 263 | 6.04% | 4,357 |
| Monongalia | 1,673 | 31.92% | 1,216 | 23.20% | 1,772 | 33.81% | 580 | 11.07% | -99 | -1.89% | 5,241 |
| Monroe | 1,570 | 50.21% | 798 | 25.52% | 742 | 23.73% | 17 | 0.54% | 772 | 24.69% | 3,127 |
| Morgan | 549 | 31.30% | 612 | 34.89% | 518 | 29.53% | 75 | 4.28% | -63 | -3.59% | 1,754 |
| Nicholas | 2,018 | 49.75% | 584 | 14.40% | 1,425 | 35.13% | 29 | 0.71% | 593 | 14.62% | 4,056 |
| Ohio | 5,771 | 41.30% | 3,956 | 28.31% | 2,666 | 19.08% | 1,579 | 11.30% | 1,815 | 12.99% | 13,972 |
| Pendleton | 1,162 | 55.65% | 475 | 22.75% | 434 | 20.79% | 17 | 0.81% | 687 | 32.90% | 2,088 |
| Pleasants | 796 | 47.52% | 493 | 29.43% | 364 | 21.73% | 22 | 1.31% | 303 | 18.09% | 1,675 |
| Pocahontas | 1,428 | 44.67% | 589 | 18.42% | 1,086 | 33.97% | 94 | 2.94% | 342 | 10.70% | 3,197 |
| Preston | 1,845 | 31.20% | 1,461 | 24.70% | 2,387 | 40.36% | 221 | 3.74% | -542 | -9.16% | 5,914 |
| Putnam | 1,540 | 40.55% | 531 | 13.98% | 1,401 | 36.89% | 326 | 8.58% | 139 | 3.66% | 3,798 |
| Raleigh | 2,343 | 35.89% | 897 | 13.74% | 2,854 | 43.72% | 434 | 6.65% | -511 | -7.83% | 6,528 |
| Randolph | 2,563 | 50.25% | 756 | 14.82% | 1,411 | 27.66% | 371 | 7.27% | 1,152 | 22.58% | 5,101 |
| Ritchie | 1,270 | 35.65% | 937 | 26.31% | 1,264 | 35.49% | 91 | 2.55% | 6 | 0.17% | 3,562 |
| Roane | 2,045 | 45.70% | 708 | 15.82% | 1,670 | 37.32% | 52 | 1.16% | 375 | 8.38% | 4,475 |
| Summers | 2,111 | 49.79% | 791 | 18.66% | 1,250 | 29.48% | 88 | 2.08% | 861 | 20.31% | 4,240 |
| Taylor | 1,445 | 38.77% | 791 | 21.22% | 1,316 | 35.31% | 175 | 4.70% | 129 | 3.46% | 3,727 |
| Tucker | 1,221 | 37.15% | 548 | 16.67% | 1,265 | 38.48% | 253 | 7.70% | -44 | -1.33% | 3,287 |
| Tyler | 1,193 | 37.30% | 706 | 22.08% | 1,129 | 35.30% | 170 | 5.32% | 64 | 2.00% | 3,198 |
| Upshur | 895 | 25.59% | 835 | 23.88% | 1,706 | 48.78% | 61 | 1.74% | -811 | -23.19% | 3,497 |
| Wayne | 2,634 | 52.88% | 1,465 | 29.41% | 797 | 16.00% | 85 | 1.71% | 1,169 | 23.47% | 4,981 |
| Webster | 1,330 | 60.90% | 307 | 14.06% | 524 | 23.99% | 23 | 1.05% | 806 | 36.90% | 2,184 |
| Wetzel | 2,710 | 57.68% | 1,092 | 23.24% | 733 | 15.60% | 163 | 3.47% | 1,618 | 34.44% | 4,698 |
| Wirt | 953 | 48.72% | 213 | 10.89% | 762 | 38.96% | 28 | 1.43% | 191 | 9.76% | 1,956 |
| Wood | 3,784 | 44.29% | 2,509 | 29.37% | 1,823 | 21.34% | 428 | 5.01% | 1,275 | 14.92% | 8,544 |
| Wyoming | 881 | 42.40% | 569 | 27.38% | 620 | 29.84% | 8 | 0.38% | 261 | 12.56% | 2,078 |
| Totals | 113,197 | 42.11% | 56,754 | 21.11% | 79,112 | 29.43% | 15,248 | 7.35% | 34,085 | 12.68% | 268,828 |

1. "1912 Presidential Election Results — West Virginia". Dave Leip’s U.S. Election Atlas.
2. Sullivan, Robert David; ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’; *America Magazine* in *The National Catholic Review*; June 29, 2016
3. West Virginia Secretary of State (1917). West Virginia Vote for President — 1916-1912 (Report). The Tribune Printing Co., Charleston, West Virginia. West Virginia Legislative Hand Book and Manual and Official Register.

## InfoBox

1912 United States presidential election in West Virginia
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Woodrow Wilson** Theodore Roosevelt   Party Democratic Progressive  Home state New Jersey New York  Running mate **Thomas R. Marshall** Hiram Johnson  Electoral vote **8** 0  Popular vote **113,197** 79,112  Percentage **42.11%** 29.43%   ---  Nominee William Howard Taft Eugene V. Debs   Party Republican Socialist  Home state Ohio Indiana  Running mate Nicholas Murray Butler Emil Seidel  Electoral vote 0 0  Popular vote 56,754 15,248  Percentage 21.11% 5.67% | |
| ---  County Results | |
| ---  **President before election**
William Howard Taft
Republican **Elected President**
Woodrow Wilson
Democratic | |


title: Cassidula nucleus

abstract: Cassidula nucleus is a species of air-breathing marine snail, a pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Ellobiidae.

text:
# Cassidula nucleus

***Cassidula nucleus*** is a species of air-breathing marine snail, a pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Ellobiidae.

## Distribution

*Cassidula nucleus* occurs in India, Vietnam, Malaysia, China.

## Description

The shell length of an adult snail is 16.0 mm.

## Ecology

*Cassidula nucleus* is a predominantly mangrove-associated species.

* Dious S. R. J. & Kasinathan R. (1994). "Tolerance limits of two pulmonate snails *Cassidula nucleus* and *Melampus ceylonicus* from Pitchavaram mangroves". *Environment and ecology*, Kalyani, 12(4): 845-849.

## InfoBox

| *Cassidula nucleus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| A live *Cassidula nucleus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Ellobiida |
| Family: | Ellobiidae |
| Genus: | *Cassidula* |
| Species: | ***C. nucleus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cassidula nucleus***<br>(Gmelin, 1791) | |
|


title: Charles Kabugo

abstract: Charles Kabugo is a senior consultant internal medicine physician in the Uganda Ministry of Health. He is the executive director of Kiruddu General Hospital, in Makindye Division, in the south of Kampala, the capital and largest city of Uganda. He was appointed to that position on 9 August 2018.

text:
# Charles Kabugo

**Charles Kabugo** is a senior consultant internal medicine physician in the Uganda Ministry of Health. He is the executive director of Kiruddu General Hospital, in Makindye Division, in the south of Kampala, the capital and largest city of Uganda. He was appointed to that position on 9 August 2018.

## Background and education

He was born in the Buganda Region of Uganda. After attending local schools, he was admitted to Makerere University to study human medicine, graduating with a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBChB) degree. Later, Makerere University awarded him a Master of Medicine (MMed) degree in Internal Medicine. He also holds a Master of Science (MSc) in Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, from an undisclosed university.

## Career

Dr. Charles Kabugo is a decorated senior consultant physician, who was attached to Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda's top and largest tertiary referral hospital, with a 1790 bed capacity, which also serves as the teaching hospital of Makerere University College of Health Sciences.

In May 2016, following the completion of the 200-bed Kiruddu General Hospital, Dr. Kabugo was selected as the interim director of the new facility. More than one hundred in-patients and fourteen out-patient clinics were temporarily transferred to Kiruddu, to make room for renovations to the Lower Mulago Hospital Complex between 2016 and 2019. The fourteen clinics involved included (1) hypertension (2) thyroid (3) diabetes (4) kidneys (5) heart problems (6) infectious diseases (7) skin diseases (8) lung diseases (9) brain diseases (10) burns (11) HIV/AIDS (12) liver diseases (13) rheumatology (joint diseases) and (14) hematology (blood diseases).

In August 2018, Charles Kabugo, MBChB, MMed (Internal Medicine), MSc, was appointed executive director of Kiruddu General Hospital. He will be deputized by Dr. Robert Sentongo.

## InfoBox

| Charles Kabugo | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Uganda |
| Nationality | Ugandan |
| Alma mater | **Makerere University**
(Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery)
(Master of Medicine in Internal Medicine)
**Undisclosed University**
(Master of Science in Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics) |
| Occupations |  |
| Years active | 1994–present |
| Known for | Medical expertise, Leadership |
| Title | Executive Director of
Kiruddu General Hospital |


title: Reg Gregson

abstract: Reginald George Joseph Gregson was an Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

text:
# Reg Gregson

**Reginald George Joseph Gregson** (13 February 1891 – 17 January 1938) was an Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## InfoBox

| Reg Gregson | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Reginald George Joseph Gregson | | |
| Date of birth | (1891-02-13)13 February 1891 | | |
| Place of birth | Seymour, Victoria | | |
| Date of death | 17 January 1938(1938-01-17) (aged 46) | | |
| Place of death | Melbourne, Victoria | | |
| Original team(s) | Dandenong | | |
| Height | 184 cm (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Weight | 83 kg (183 lb) | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1911 | St Kilda | 3 (2) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1911. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Cathedral (short story collection)

abstract: Cathedral is the third major-press collection of short stories by American writer Raymond Carver, published in 1983. It received critical acclaim and was a finalist for the 1984 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.

text:
# Cathedral (short story collection)

***Cathedral*** is the third major-press collection of short stories by American writer Raymond Carver, published in 1983. It received critical acclaim and was a finalist for the 1984 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.

## Reception

*Cathedral* was enthusiastically received by critics. In *The New York Times book Review*, critic Irving Howe wrote:

> Mr. Carver has been mostly a writer of strong but limited effects - the sort of writer who shapes and twists his material to a high point of stylization. In his newest collection of stories, *Cathedral,* there are a few that suggest he is moving toward a greater ease of manner and generosity of feeling; but in most of his work it's his own presence, the hard grip of his will, that is the strongest force. It's not that he imposes moral or political judgments; in that respect, he's quite self-effacing. It's that his abrupt rhythms and compressions come to be utterly decisive."

*The Washington Post* wrote that "there are no arid places in *Cathedral*. Instead there are a dozen stories that overflow with the danger, excitement, mystery and possibility of life."

## The stories

The collection contains the following stories:

* **"Feathers"** \- A couple visit another couple who have a peacock and a baby.
* **"Chef's House"** \- Wes rents Chef's house by the ocean and asks wife Edna to come live with him again.
* **"Preservation"** \- Sandy's husband has taken to the sofa since he lost his job as a roofer three months before.
* **"The Compartment"** \- Myers, vacationing in Europe, takes a train to meet his son, who he hasn't seen in eight years.
* **"A Small, Good Thing"** \- An extended version of his earlier short story "The Bath". Scotty, 8, is hit by a car.
* **"Vitamins"** \- Patti decides to sell vitamins door-to-door.
* **"Careful"** \- Lloyd and wife Inez are living separately but she helps him with a problem.
* **"Where I'm Calling From"** \- At Frank Martin's drying out facility with JP, Tiny, and other residents.
* **"The Train"** \- Miss Dent waits in a train station late at night after she used a gun to force a man to kneel and plead for his life.
* **"Fever"** \- Carlyle has trouble finding a babysitter after his wife leaves him and the kids for California.
* **"The Bridle"** \- Marge, a woman who supervises an apartment building in Arizona with her husband Harley, tells the story about a family that moves into an apartment after being displaced from their farm in Minnesota.
* **"Cathedral"** \- Narrated by a man whose wife is old friends with a blind man, the story shows the husband/narrator's distaste for the blind man who is coming to visit him and his wife for a few days. At times it seems that the man is jealous of the blind man for being so close to his wife; at other times it seems that the husband is disgusted by the man's blindness. In the end they bond in a way through the communication they share about what a cathedral looks like.

* Carver, Raymond. *Cathedral* New York: Knopf (1983); London: Collins (1984)

## InfoBox

Cathedral
| First edition cover, 1983 | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Raymond Carver |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Short story |
| Publisher | Knopf |
| Publication date | 1983 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print |
| Pages | 228 |
| Dewey Decimal | 813/.54 |
| LC Class | PS3553.A7894 C3 1983 |


title: Ramón Valle (swimmer)

abstract: Ramón Valle is a Honduran swimmer. He competed in the men's 1500 metre freestyle event at the 1996 Summer Olympics and he finished in 29th place in the heats.

text:
# Ramón Valle (swimmer)

**Ramón Valle** (born 17 August 1976) is a Honduran swimmer. He competed in the men's 1500 metre freestyle event at the 1996 Summer Olympics and he finished in 29th place in the heats.

## InfoBox

Ramón Valle
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1976-08-17) 17 August 1976 |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Swimming |
| Medal record      Representing  Honduras  Central American and Caribbean Games  1998 Maracaibo 1500m freestyle | |


title: The God of Abraham Praise

abstract: The God of Abraham Praise is a Christian adaptation of the well known Jewish hymn "Yigdal", loosely translated and Christianised by the evangelist Thomas Olivers after a visit to the Great Synagogue of London in 1770. It was first published in 1772. The title of the hymn was based on a verse in the Book of Exodus: "I am the God of thy Father, the God of Abraham".

text:
# The God of Abraham Praise

***The God of Abraham Praise*** is a Christian adaptation of the well known Jewish hymn "Yigdal", loosely translated and Christianised by the evangelist Thomas Olivers after a visit to the Great Synagogue of London in 1770. It was first published in 1772. The title of the hymn was based on a verse in the Book of Exodus: "I am the God of thy Father, the God of Abraham".

## History

Olivers worked with John Wesley during the time that "The God of Abraham Praise" was written. During the time, he often met with members of London's Jewish community. In 1772, Olivers was attending The Great Synagogue in London and heard Cantor Myer Lyon sing "Yigdal" in Hebrew during a service. Olivers then paraphrased and translated "Yigdal" into English and gave the hymn more of a Christian focus. He then asked Lyon if he could use the Jewish melody for the new hymn. Lyon gave him the music and Olivers named this hymn tune "Leoni" after Lyon. When he showed the new hymn to a friend, he annotated each line with scriptural references from The Bible.

"The God of Abraham Praise" was first published as a leaflet titled "A Hymn to the God of Abraham" in 1772. It was later published nationwide by Wesley in the Methodist hymnal "Sacred Harmony". The hymn later made it to the United States after being published in Joshua Leavitt's "The Christian Lyre". The hymn was composed by Olivers with thirteen verses however later reprints of the hymn omit a number of them with the majority of hymn books using four verses.

In the early 20th century in the United States, "The God of Abraham Praise" was often confused with "Praise To the Living God", another translation of "Yigdal" by Max Landsberg and Newton Mann. Several Presbyterian, Baptist and UCC hymnals misattributed "The God of Abraham Praise" to them instead of Olivers due to William Gannett recasting the work to change the title from "Praise to the Living God" to "The God of Abraham Praise". A number of versions of Methodist hymnals also made the same error until the 1980s.

## Interfaith dialogue

The Judeo-Christian context of "The God of Abraham Praise" has caused the hymn to be used in interfaith services between Jews and Christians. It has been referred to as "the hymn born in a synagogue".

## Text and score

## InfoBox

| The God of Abraham Praise | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Hymn |
| Written | 1770 |
| Text | Daniel ben Judah, paraphrased by Thomas Olivers |
| Based on | Exodus 3:6 |
| Meter | 6.6.8.4 D |
| Melody | "Leoni" by Myer Lyon |


title: Sdelka

abstract: Sdelka!? is the Russian version of Deal or No Deal. It was broadcast on REN TV from April 17 to September 22, 2006, and hosted by Alexei Veselkin. The prizes available ranged from 3,000,000 Russian rubles to 1 kopek. The music used was taken from various other Deal or No Deal versions, like Miljoenenjacht (Theme), UK Deal or No Deal and Australian Deal or No Deal. There are 22 cases held on a podium with 22 players that return each show like on Deal or No Deal UK, but they have briefcases rather than boxes. The show's set is similar to that of the American one, but the set is a lot smaller.

text:
# Sdelka

***Sdelka!?*** (Cyrillic: Сделка!?, Russian for "deal") is the Russian version of *Deal or No Deal*. It was broadcast on REN TV from April 17 to September 22, 2006, and hosted by Alexei Veselkin. The prizes available ranged from 3,000,000 Russian rubles (about US$98,000, 69,000 or 61,000) to 1 kopek (smallest Russian unit of currency, less than 1 US cent, euro cent or penny).

The music used was taken from various other Deal or No Deal versions, like *Miljoenenjacht* (Theme), UK *Deal or No Deal* and Australian *Deal or No Deal* (various incidentals).

There are 22 cases held on a podium with 22 players that return each show like on Deal or No Deal UK, but they have briefcases rather than boxes. The show's set is similar to that of the American one, but the set is a lot smaller.

## Case Values

| Left Side | Right Side |
| --- | --- |
| **0.01** | **10,000** |
| **0.10** | **15,000** |
| **1** | **25,000** |
| **5** | **50,000** |
| **10** | **100,000** |
| **50** | **200,000** |
| **100** | **300,000** |
| **500** | **500,000** |
| **1,000** | **1,000,000** |
| **2,500** | **1,500,000** |
| **5,000** | **3,000,000** |

## InfoBox

| *Sdelka* | |
| --- | --- |
| Сделка!? | |
| Presented by | Alexei Veselkin |
| Country of origin | Russia |
| No. of episodes | 70 |
| Production | |
| Running time | 45 minutes (with commercials) |
| Original release | |
| Network | REN TV |
| Release | April 17 (2006-04-17) <br>September 22, 2006 (2006-09-22) |


title: Tatsumichi Station

abstract: Tatsumichi Station Tatsumichi Station is a passenger railway station located in the city of Naruto, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Shikoku and has the station number "N06".

text:
# Tatsumichi Station

**Tatsumichi Station** (立道駅, *Tatsumichi-eki*) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Naruto, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Shikoku and has the station number "N06".

## Lines

Tatsumichi Station is served by the JR Shikoku Naruto Line and is located 3.0 km from the beginning of the line at Ikenotani. Only local services stop at the station.

## Layout

The station, which is unstaffed, consists of a side platform serving a single track. There is no station building, only a shelter on the platform. A ramp leads up to the platform from the access road.

## History

Tatsumichi Station was opened by the privately run Awa Electric Railway (later the Awa Railway) on 1 July 1916 . After the Awa Railway was nationalized on 1 July 1933, Japanese Government Railways (JGR) took over control of the station and operated it as part of the Awa Line. On 20 March 1935, after some other stations on the line were absorbed into the Kōtoku Main Line, Tatsumichi became part of the Muya Line. On 1 March 1956, the line was renamed as the Naruto Line. On 1 April 1987, with the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR), the successor of JGR, the station came under the control of JR Shikoku.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 58 passengers daily

## Surrounding area

Media related to Tatsumichi Station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| N06
Tatsumichi Station
立道駅 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Shinden Ōasachō Himeda, Naruto, Tokushima, Tokushima Prefecture 779-0301
Japan |
| Coordinates | 34°09′44″N 134°33′28″E / 34.1622°N 134.5577°E / 34.1622; 134.5577 |
| Operated by | JR Shikoku |
| Line(s) | Naruto Line |
| Distance | 3.0 km (1.9 mi) from Ikenotani |
| Platforms | 1 side platform |
| Tracks | 1 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | At grade |
| Accessible | Yes - ramp leads up to platform |
| Other information | |
| Status | Unstaffed |
| Station code | N06 |
| History | |
| Opened | 1 July 1916 (1916-07-01) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY2019 | 58 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  JR Shikoku Following station  Awa-ŌtaniN05towards Ikenotani  Naruto Line  KyōkaimaeN07towards Naruto | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Tatsumichi StationLocation within Tokushima PrefectureTatsumichi StationTatsumichi Station (Japan) | |


title: Sauer 200

abstract: Sauer 200 is a bolt action rifle introduced by SIG Sauer in 1984 and produced until 1993. The rifle was one of the first consumer rifles with easily replaceable barrels. Sauer 200 has also been sold in Scandinavia under the name Carl Gustaf CG 4000. In 1993, Sauer 200 was replaced by its SIG Sauer 202. The two rifles have many similarities, and for example, barrels are interchangeable. The rifle SIG Sauer 200 STR, which is the standard firearm within Det frivillige Skyttervesen, is partly based on Sauer 200.

text:
# Sauer 200

**Sauer 200** is a bolt action rifle introduced by SIG Sauer in 1984 and produced until 1993. The rifle was one of the first consumer rifles with easily replaceable barrels. Sauer 200 has also been sold in Scandinavia under the name Carl Gustaf CG 4000.

In 1993, Sauer 200 was replaced by its SIG Sauer 202. The two rifles have many similarities, and for example, barrels are interchangeable.

The rifle SIG Sauer 200 STR, which is the standard firearm within Det frivillige Skyttervesen, is partly based on Sauer 200.

1. shotguns.se - Sauer Information
2. Sauer’n - 7mm RemMag - Bukkefall

## InfoBox

| Sauer 200 | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Repeating rifle |
| Place of origin | Sauer & Sohn Eckernförde  Germany |
| Production history | |
| Produced | 1984-1993 |
| Variants | Standard, Lux, European Lux, American Lux |
| Specifications | |
| Length | 60-66 cm (barrel length) |
| --- | |
| Cartridge | Several, i.e. .270 Win, 6.5×55mm |
| Action | Bolt action |


title: Charles Payraudeau

abstract: Charles Payraudeau (1798–1865) was a French zoologist. Benjamin Charles Marie Payraudeau studied with Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck (1744–1829) at Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. He compiled faunal lists for Corsica between 1824 and 1825. On this expedition he discovered Audouin's gull and a (now) subspecies desmarestii, of the European shag. He described them in Deux espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux, appartenant aux genres Mouette et Cormoran published in "Revue Annales de Sciences Naturelles". He also wrote "Catalogue descriptif et méthodique des annélides et des mollusques de l'île de Corse" (1826). He is credited with providing descriptions for 71 new species of marine and terrestrial mollusks. His entire ornithological collection is conserved as a museum in the Mairie of La Chaize-le-Vicomte in Vendée. It is named for him as Musée ornithologique Charles-Payraudeau.

text:
# Charles Payraudeau

**Charles Payraudeau** (1798–1865) was a French zoologist.

Benjamin Charles Marie Payraudeau studied with Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck (1744–1829) at Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. He compiled faunal lists for Corsica between 1824 and 1825. On this expedition he discovered Audouin's gull and a (now) subspecies *desmarestii*, of the European shag. He described them in *Deux espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux, appartenant aux genres Mouette et Cormoran* published in "*Revue Annales de Sciences Naturelles*" (Paris, 1826, tome 8, p. 460-465). He also wrote "*Catalogue descriptif et méthodique des annélides et des mollusques de l'île de Corse*" (1826). He is credited with providing descriptions for 71 new species of marine and terrestrial mollusks (32 of which are considered valid species today).

His entire ornithological collection is conserved as a museum in the Mairie of La Chaize-le-Vicomte in Vendée. It is named for him as *Musée ornithologique Charles-Payraudeau*.


title: Jamie Peacock

abstract: James Darryl Peacock MBE, is an English motivational speaker, leadership mentor and former professional rugby league footballer. Peacock began his career with Bradford Bulls in 1998, which also included a loan spell at Featherstone Rovers, he made a name for himself playing in the second-row winning three Grand Finals before a move to Leeds Rhinos in 2006. At Leeds, Peacock won six more Grand Finals and became one of the most decorated players in British rugby league history. After briefly returning in 2015 Peacock played four games for Hull Kingston Rovers in 2016. Peacock made his England debut at the 2000 World Cup and his Great Britain debut the following year as well as representing Yorkshire.

text:
# Jamie Peacock

**James Darryl Peacock** MBE, (born 14 December 1977) is an English motivational speaker, leadership mentor and former professional rugby league footballer.

Peacock began his career with Bradford Bulls in 1998, which also included a loan spell at Featherstone Rovers, he made a name for himself playing in the second-row winning three Grand Finals before a move to Leeds Rhinos in 2006. At Leeds, Peacock won six more Grand Finals and became one of the most decorated players in British rugby league history. After briefly returning in 2015 Peacock played four games for Hull Kingston Rovers in 2016.

Peacock made his England debut at the 2000 World Cup and his Great Britain debut the following year as well as representing Yorkshire.

## Background

Born in Leeds, Peacock is a product of Bradford Bulls' junior programme, having played as a junior for Stanningley RLFC. On his way to becoming a first team regular for Bradford, Jamie spent a month on loan at Featherstone Rovers making four appearances and scoring one try. He also enjoyed a spell at University of Wollongong in Australia as he learned his rugby trade.

## Club Career

### Bradford

Peacock made his Bradford Super League début in 1999. He made two starts and 16 substitute appearances for the club, scoring six tries that year. The following year he cemented his place in the side, helping Bradford to win 2000 Challenge Cup success against Leeds at Murrayfield.

Peacock played for the Bradford Bulls as a second-row in their 2001 Super League Grand Final victory against the Wigan Warriors.

As Super League VI champions, the Bulls played against 2001 NRL Premiers, the Newcastle Knights in the 2002 World Club Challenge. Peacock played as a second-row in Bradford's victory. He made 30 appearances in 2002 as Bradford again returned to Old Trafford for the 2002 Super League Grand Final only to lose out to a Sean Long drop goal.

Peacock played for the Bradford Bulls as a second-row in their 2003 Super League Grand Final victory against the Wigan Warriors. Having won Super League VIII, Bradford played against 2003 NRL Premiers, the Penrith Panthers in the 2004 World Club Challenge. Peacock captained the Bulls as a second-row in their 22–4 victory. Bradford reached the 2004 Super League Grand Final losing out to Leeds. Peacock was honoured with the captaincy at Bradford Bulls in his final year at Odsal and played for the Bulls as a prop in their 2005 Super League Grand Final victory against Leeds Rhinos at Old Trafford.

During his time with Bradford he won every club honour available, in addition to winning the Man of Steel, Players' Player of the Year and Rugby League Writers' Player of the Year.

### Leeds

Peacock joined Leeds in 2006 from local rivals Bradford. He made his Leeds début against Huddersfield on the opening day of the season.

He played in the 2008 Super League Grand Final victory over St. Helens. and was also part of the 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2012 Super League Grand Final squads and team that won the World Club Challenge against Manly Sea Eagles.

Peacock played a starring role in Leeds' 33-6 Grand Final victory over then reigning champions' St Helens. He played a full 80 minutes to win his 4th Super League champions ring.

He was named in the Super League Dream Team for both the 2008's Super League XIII and 2009's Super League XIV season.

He played in the 2009 Super League Grand Final victory over St. Helens at Old Trafford.

Peacock signed a new one-year deal at Leeds in July 2011.

Later that year he played as a prop for Leeds in the 2011 Challenge Cup Final defeat by the Wigan Warriors at Wembley Stadium.

He played in the 2011 Super League Grand Final victory over St. Helens at Old Trafford.

Peacock was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2012 New Year Honours for services to rugby league.

He played in the 2012 Challenge Cup Final defeat by the Warrington Wolves at Wembley Stadium.

He played in the 2012 Super League Grand Final victory over the Warrington Wolves at Old Trafford.

He enjoyed a resurgence the following season, and was once again named in the Super League Dream Team in 2013, 2014, and 2015.

Peacock played in the 2014 Challenge Cup Final victory over the Castleford Tigers at Wembley Stadium.

He played in the 2015 Challenge Cup Final victory over Hull Kingston Rovers at Wembley Stadium.

Peacock announced that he would retire from the sport upon the conclusion of the 2015 season joining Hull Kingston Rovers as a coach.

He played in the 2015 Super League Grand Final victory over the Wigan Warriors at Old Trafford.

### Hull Kingston Rovers

Peacock joined Hull KR as a coach for the 2016 Super League season. At the end of the regular season Hull KR finished 11th thus played in the 2016 Qualifiers. Towards the conclusion of the season, Peacock came out of retirement taking up the role of a player-coach due to squad injuries.

## International Career

Peacock earned himself a place in John Kear's England side for the 2000 World Cup. He made four appearances in the World Cup that year, scoring an impressive six tries which including a hat trick against Fiji at Headingley.

Peacock played for England in 2001 against Wales. Also in 2001, he capped the season by making his Great Britain début against Australia scoring a try after just 86 seconds of his début in the first test victory at Huddersfield. He then become a permanent presence in the Great Britain squad making 14 appearances, all but three of which have been in the starting line up. Peacock won caps for Great Britain while at Bradford Bulls in 2001 against Australia (2 matches), and Australia (sub), in 2002 against Australia, New Zealand, and New Zealand (sub) (2 matches), in 2003 against Australia (3 matches), in 2004 against Australia (3 matches), and New Zealand, in 2005 against Australia (2 matches), and New Zealand (2 matches).

Peacock was then selected in the Great Britain team to compete in the end of season 2004 Rugby League Tri-Nations tournament. In the final against Australia he played as a second-row in the Lions' 44–4 loss.

Peacock played for Great Britain while at Leeds in 2006 against New Zealand (3 matches), and Australia (2 matches), in 2007 against New Zealand (3 matches).

He played for England in 2008 against France. On 16 June 2008, Peacock was announced as the England captain for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup in Australia. In Group A's first match against Papua New Guinea he played as a prop in England's victory. He played against Papua New Guinea, Australia, and New Zealand (2 matches), in 2009 against France (2 matches), New Zealand and Australia.

He was selected to play for England against France in the one-off test in 2010.

On 26 June 2012, Peacock announced his retirement from international rugby league.

## Career stats

Appearances and try's by national team and year
| National team | Year | Apps | Tries |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| England | 2000 | 4 | 6 |
| | 2001 | 1 | 1 |
| | 2008 | 5 | 1 |
| | 2009 | 5 | 0 |
| | 2010 | 1 | 0 |
| | 2011 | 6 | 0 |
| | 2012 | 1 | 0 |
| England Total | | 22 | 8 |
| Great Britain |
| | 2001 | 3 | 1 |
| | 2002 | 4 | 1 |
| | 2003 | 3 | 0 |
| | 2004 | 4 | 0 |
| | 2005 | 4 | 0 |
| | 2006 | 5 | 1 |
| | 2007 | 3 | 1 |
| Great Britain Total | | 26 | 4 |
| Career Total | | 48 | 12 |

## Honours

### Club

Bradford Leeds

### Individual

### Orders and special awards

## Other work

Peacock released his autobiography *No White Flag* in 2008, co-written with Phil Caplan.

Since retiring from rugby, Peacock has become a motivational speaker, including aspects of leadership mentoring and delivering keynote speeches for businesses. He developed a fifty-day "Building Champions" mentoring programme in 2016, which over 1000 people have completed, as well as the "Be A Champion" wellbeing programme, which has an accompanying book.

Peacock also makes media appearances providing insight and opinion on rugby.

## InfoBox

Jamie Peacock
MBE
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | James Darryl Peacock |
| Born | (1977-12-14) 14 December 1977<br>Bramley, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England |
| Playing information | |
| Height | 6 ft 5 in (196 cm) |
| Weight | 16 st 7 lb (105 kg) |
| Position | Prop, Second-row |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1998–05 Bradford Bulls 207 42 0 0 168  1998(loan) Featherstone Rovers 4 1 0 0 4  2006–15 Leeds Rhinos 289 26 0 0 104  2016 Hull Kingston Rovers 4 0 0 0 0  Total 504 69 0 0 276  Representative  Years Team Pld T G FG P  2000–11 England 21 8 0 0 32  2001–07 Great Britain 26 4 0 0 16  2001–03 Yorkshire 4 0 0 0 0 | |
| Source: | |


title: Ōwhango

abstract: Ōwhango is a small town in New Zealand situated about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Taumarunui on State Highway 4 (SH4), and about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) west of the Whakapapa River, a tributary of the nascent Whanganui River. Ōwhango has been the official name since 16 July 2020. It is a Māori name that translates as "the place of wheezy noises". The village features a backdrop of native forest and Mount Ruapehu, with native birds like tūī and kererū. The domain, set amongst native forest, includes large open playing fields, children's play area and two tennis courts. The Main Trunk Line passes through Ōwhango on the western side of State Highway 4, with two crossing points for vehicles, one controlled and the other uncontrolled. From 1905 to 1985 Ōwhango had a railway station.

text:
# Ōwhango

**Ōwhango** is a small town in New Zealand situated about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Taumarunui on State Highway 4 (SH4), and about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) west of the Whakapapa River, a tributary of the nascent Whanganui River.

Ōwhango has been the official name since 16 July 2020. It is a Māori name that translates as "the place of wheezy noises".

The village features a backdrop of native forest and Mount Ruapehu, with native birds like tūī and kererū. The domain, set amongst native forest, includes large open playing fields, children's play area and two tennis courts.

The Main Trunk Line passes through Ōwhango on the western side of State Highway 4, with two crossing points for vehicles, one controlled (Owhango Road, centrally located) and the other uncontrolled (Onematua Road, on the northern boundary). From 1905 to 1985 Ōwhango had a railway station.

## Geography

Ōwhango is located on the 39° latitude line, placing it on the boundary of the old Auckland Province and Wellington Province.

Halfway through Ōwhango is a sign marking "39° South". This sign is accurate (to within a few metres) when using NZ Geodetic Datum 1949. The position of 39° South when using WGS84 (or NZ Geodetic Datum 2000) is about 196 metres further south, but this is not marked.

The native forest is part of the Ohinetonga Scenic Reserve which contains unlogged old growth native forest containing some forest giants and a pretty lagoon accessible from a looped walking track. A road through the reserve, signposted from the State Highway, leads down to the view from the old logging bridge over the Whakapapa River. Along the river are memorable picnic spots with superb swimming pools containing rainbow and brown trout. It is also a launch point for kayakers heading for Kakahi, or even further down the Whanganui River.

Beyond the bridge is the vast expanse of Tongariro Forest Conservation Area, once the source of timber for local mills, but now protected as conservation land thanks to a successful campaign in the 1980s led by local people to save the forest from clearance. Bisecting the forest is one of New Zealand's best mountain bike rides, the 42 Traverse. The forest also has excellent tramping, camping and deer hunting opportunities. In the heart of the regenerating forest is one of only a handful of national kiwi sanctuaries where the Department of Conservation controls alien predators to protect a population of the North Island Brown Kiwi.

## History

Ōwhango began as a mill town, milling native timbers from around the local area. The last operational mill burned to the ground in the 1970s. Many of the mill houses are now holiday homes owned by city dwellers keen on the skiing, fishing, hunting, canoeing and tramping opportunities that abound in the surrounding area. The village had a permanent population of 177 (2013 census data) and has a primary school, garage (no fuel sold there, however), hotel, accommodation lodges, cottages for hire and bed and breakfast/homestay places and a café and public hall where the monthly market is held.

There is a historical swimming pool actually constructed into the bed of the Kakahi Stream, located about 500 metres (1,600 ft) west down Onematua Road from State Highway 4 at the northern boundary of Ōwhango. The pool was created by locals in the hope of preparing one of the local athletes for the British Empire and Commonwealth Games. Beside the pool is a monument marking the centenary of the Treaty of Waitangi. Local records indicate the pool was first ready for use over the 1939/1940 summer. In 1961 a conventional swimming pool in the grounds of the local school was opened.

The Ōwhango Hall was originally used as a silent movies cinema seating 250. In more recent times it has mainly been used for community meetings and events, indoors bowls, and market days.

The Ōwhango Volunteer Fire Brigade has been operating since 1965.

## Demographics

Ōwhango is defined by Statistics New Zealand as a rural settlement. It covers 0.61 km2 (0.24 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 190 as of June 2023, with a population density of 311 people per km2. It is part of the larger National Park statistical area.

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2006 | 189 |  |
| 2013 | 177 | −0.93% |
| 2018 | 174 | −0.34% |
| Source: | | |

Ōwhango had a population of 174 at the 2018 New Zealand census, a decrease of 3 people (−1.7%) since the 2013 census, and a decrease of 15 people (−7.9%) since the 2006 census. There were 75 households, comprising 84 males and 87 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.97 males per female. The median age was 44.9 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 36 people (20.7%) aged under 15 years, 27 (15.5%) aged 15 to 29, 75 (43.1%) aged 30 to 64, and 33 (19.0%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 84.5% European/Pākehā, 27.6% Māori, 1.7% Asian, and 1.7% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 56.9% had no religion, 29.3% were Christian, 1.7% had Māori religious beliefs, 1.7% were Hindu and 1.7% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 24 (17.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 33 (23.9%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $24,500, compared with $31,800 nationally. 18 people (13.0%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 54 (39.1%) people were employed full-time, 24 (17.4%) were part-time, and 9 (6.5%) were unemployed.

Farming and tourism are the largest employers.

## Sports and events

| School & Sports Colours LightGreen White  Shorts/Skirt |
| --- |

The local sports teams generally dress in green and white. Historically, especially in the 1950s, the Ōwhango Domain played host to a sub-regional annual sports day. It is still used for occasional sports and school events.

The Ōwhango Hall is sometimes used for indoor bowls, and is also just big enough for one badminton court.

Regular events at the domain and hall include the annual Ōwhango Pumpkin Growing Competition, monthly community markets, and an annual T42 mountain biking, running and walking event.

## Education

Owhango School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students, with a roll of 68 as of August 2024.

The earliest schooling in Ōwhango was in canvas tents, starting from about 1904 and coinciding with the construction of the railway line through the area. The first permanent school opened in 1910. The current school buildings date from about 1970, with the previous building later relocated to a nearby section.

The Taumaranui Mobile Library visits the school regularly, to provide access to children living remotely.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Ōwhango | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| The old Owhango Post Office c.1919 | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 39°00.0′S 175°22.6′E / 39.0000°S 175.3767°E / -39.0000; 175.3767 | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Region | Manawatū-Whanganui |
| District | Ruapehu District |
| Ward | * Ruapehu General Ward * Ruapehu Māori Ward |
| Community | Ōwhango-National Park Community |
| Electorates |  |
| Government | |
| Territorial Authority | Ruapehu District Council |
| Regional council | Horizons Regional Council |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.61 km2 (0.24 sq mi) |
| Population (June 2023) | |
| Total | 190 |
| Density | 310/km2 (810/sq mi) |


title: The Great American Steak Religion

abstract: The Great American Steak Religion was a Canadian independent record label which released many notable hardcore records from the likes of Shotmaker, His Hero Is Gone, and Chokehold during the 1990s. Originally based in Ottawa at 5 Arlington Avenue, founder Yannick Lorrain moved to Quebec City, and then to Montreal, taking the label with him. In 2004, the last release under this label was issued: Union Of Uranus' discography titled To This Bearer Of Truth. Many of the releases were issued only on vinyl and were etched with the word "Verse" and then a number, hence the tagging of each release as such.

text:
# The Great American Steak Religion

**The Great American Steak Religion** was a Canadian independent record label which released many notable hardcore records from the likes of Shotmaker, His Hero Is Gone, and Chokehold during the 1990s. Originally based in Ottawa at 5 Arlington Avenue, founder Yannick Lorrain moved to Quebec City, and then to Montreal, taking the label with him. In 2004, the last release under this label was issued: Union Of Uranus' discography titled *To This Bearer Of Truth*. Many of the releases were issued only on vinyl and were etched with the word "Verse" and then a number, hence the tagging of each release as such.

## Releases

Verse 1 Uranus/Immoral Squad Split 7" 1994

Verse 2 Reach Out - Wall Street 7"

Verse 3 Shotmaker \- Crayon Club LP

Verse 4 Drift - Self-titled 7"

Verse 5 Union of Uranus - Disaster By Design 2x7"

Verse 6 Franklin - Roy Is Dead 7"

Verse 7 One Eyed God Prophecy - Toddler LP

Verse 8 Chokehold \- Content with Dying LP

Verse 9 ?

Verse 10 Four Hundred Years \- Suture LP

Verse 11 Young Pioneers - Crime Wave EP 10"

Verse 12 Hacksaw - Kick It 7"

Verse 13 His Hero Is Gone/Union Of Uranus - Split EP 12"

Verse 14 His Hero Is Gone \- Fools Gold 7"

Verse 15 His Hero Is Gone \- The Plot Sickenss: Enslavement Redefined

Verse 16 Mine - Tetanus CD or From Ashes Rise \- Concrete and Steel LP

Verse 17 From Ashes Rise \- Silence LP

Verse 18 Meanwhile - The Show Must Go On 7"

Verse 19 Born Dead Icons \- The Modern Plague 7"

Verse 20 Union Of Uranus - To The Bearer Of Truth CD

## InfoBox

| The Great American Steak Religion | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1994 |
| Founder | Yannick Lorrain |
| Genre | Post-hardcore
Grindcore
Hardcore punk |
| Country of origin | Canada |


title: Tatsumi No. 2 Parking Area

abstract: Tatsumi No. 2 Parking Area The Tatsumi No. 2 Parking Area is a rest area that is located on the Fukagawa Route of the Shuto Expressway in Tatsumi, Kōtō, Tokyo. In has been in service since October 22, 1991. Located in the Tatsumi Junction, only vehicles heading from the Bayshore Route via Ariake Junction to the Fukagawa Route can be used.

text:
# Tatsumi No. 2 Parking Area

The **Tatsumi No. 2 Parking Area** (辰巳第二パーキングエリア, *Tatsumi Daini Pākingueria*) is a rest area that is located on the Fukagawa Route of the Shuto Expressway in Tatsumi, Kōtō, Tokyo.

In has been in service since October 22, 1991. Located in the Tatsumi Junction, only vehicles heading from the Bayshore Route via Ariake Junction to the Fukagawa Route (Hakozaki area) can be used.

## InfoBox

| Tatsumi No. 2 Parking Area | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Tatsumi No. 2 Parking AreaLocation within Special wards of Tokyo | |
| Information | |
| Native name | 辰巳第一パーキングエリア |
| Road | Fukugawa Route |
| Location | Tatsumi, Kōtō, Tokyo, Japan |
| Coordinates: | 35°38′43.3″N 139°48′57.7″E / 35.645361°N 139.816028°E / 35.645361; 139.816028 |


title: Sauer 38H

abstract: The Sauer 38H or often just H was a small semi-automatic pistol made in Nazi Germany from 1938 until just after the end of World War II by J. P. Sauer & Sohn, then based in Suhl, Germany. The "H" in the model number is short for "hahn", referring to the internal hammer of the firing mechanism.

text:
# Sauer 38H

The **Sauer 38H** or often just **H** was a small semi-automatic pistol made in Nazi Germany from 1938 until just after the end of World War II by J. P. Sauer & Sohn, then based in Suhl, Germany. The "H" in the model number is short for "hahn", referring to the internal hammer of the firing mechanism.

## Development

Sauer developed the model 38H from their earlier semi-automatic handguns. It was necessary to compete with companies such as Mauser and Walther in the commercial market. However, with the outbreak of the war, most pistols went to various German police agencies. These pistols were stamped by those agencies and some can still be found with the holster and additional magazine with which they were distributed. Sauer 38H pistols presented to Nazi officials often featured custom engraving, ivory grips, and often gold inlay as well. For example, in September 2004, the Rock Island Auction Company sold a Sauer 38H, serial number 363573, that belonged to Sepp Dietrich for $43,125.00.

The Sauer 38H was produced in three basic models. Generally, the slide of the first model says "JP Sauer und Sohn" on the left. The second version says only "CAL 7.65", and the third version omits the safety and the cocking/decocking lever. Towards the end of the war, weapons produced were simplified for quicker, cheaper production. For the 38H, this meant simpler markings, rough finish, and the elimination of features like the slide-mounted safety. Much more rarely, some late production examples retained the safety but omitted the cocking/decocking lever. So-called "late-war" models were still fully functional, though final examples produced until April 1945 when the factory was overrun by the Allies, feature mismatched serial numbers and poor fit and finish.

The concept of the Sauer 38H persists in the SIG Sauer P232 and its predecessor the P230, which also feature a fixed barrel, decocking lever, and similar internal design. As a testament to their fine design, many Sauer 38Hs are regularly used by owners to this day, albeit usually with replacement grips.

## Design details

The "H" in the model number indicates this pistol uses a shrouded hammer as opposed to striker style firing of earlier Sauer models. Other features included a traditional double-action trigger, single-column magazine and a recoil spring surrounding a fixed barrel.

A revolutionary feature was the use of a lever that either cocked or decocked (dropped the hammer) safely. This is the first handgun to have this type device (located on the left side below the slide, just forward of the grip). The hammer on the Sauer 38H could be lowered for safe carry at any time. The cocking feature was necessary due to the shrouded hammer and the decocking mechanism was a safety feature. A hollow space on the trigger indicated if the concealed hammer was cocked; if completely exposed, the hammer was lowered. A small pin protruded at the rear of the slide as a loaded chamber indicator.

Another advanced feature for its time was the magazine safety, a device that deactivates the trigger when the magazine is removed from the pistol. Almost all modern pistols manufactured by SIG Sauer today feature a decocking lever, including the highly successful SIG Sauer P226 family. Most modern SIG Sauer pistols feature controls in almost the same place as on the Sauer 38H, though as these modern designs have exposed hammers the cocking feature is omitted from the lever. The Heckler & Koch P9 also utilizes a cocking/decocking lever based on the Sauer 38H.

The grips of the pistol were constructed of Bakelite. Age often results in the cracking and crumbling of the grips on surviving examples. All original grips featured "SUS" lettering standing for "Sauer und Sohn" which could be found on the same side of the pistol as the magazine release though many reproduction grips have copied this logo. It is unusual for a present-day example to have original, undamaged grips.

The Sauer 38H was overwhelmingly produced for the .32 ACP cartridge. The model 38H was used by German armed forces such as the Luftwaffe, as well as police forces in numbers nearly equal to the Walther PPK. The Sauer 38H was produced for military, police, and the commercial market. A very small amount were made in .22 Long Rifle and .380 ACP.

## InfoBox

| Sauer 38H | |
| --- | --- |
| Sauer 38H (second version) | |
| Type | Semi-automatic pistol |
| Place of origin | Nazi Germany |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1939–45 |
| Used by | Nazi Germany
People's Movement for the Liberation of Azawad |
| Wars | World War II
Tuareg rebellion (1990–1995) |
| Production history | |
| Designer | J. P. Sauer & Sohn |
| Designed | 1938 |
| Manufacturer | J. P. Sauer & Sohn |
| Produced | 1938–1945 |
| No. built | ~200,000 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 715 g (1 lb 9 oz) |
| Length | 161 mm (6.3 in) |
| Barrel length | 86 mm (3.4 in) |
| --- | |
| Cartridge | .32 ACP (7.65×17mmSR Browning),.22 Long Rifle,.380 ACP |
| Action | Straight blowback |
| Muzzle velocity | 280 m/s (920 ft/s) with 7.65×17mm |
| Effective firing range | 25 metres (27 yd) |
| Feed system | 8-round detachable box magazine |
| Sights | Fixed iron sights, front—blade, rear—notch |