title: Cofra Holding

abstract: Cofra Holding AG is a privately held company established in 2001 in Zug, Switzerland, to coordinate the global businesses of the Brenninkmeijer family. It is active in the fields of retailing, real estate, asset management, private equity and renewable energy. Cofra is owned and managed by members of the Brenninkmeijer family. Its chairman is Martijn Brenninkmeijer, and the CEO is Boudewijn Beerkens.

text:
# Cofra Holding

**Cofra Holding AG** is a privately held company established in 2001 in Zug, Switzerland, to coordinate the global businesses of the Brenninkmeijer family. It is active in the fields of retailing, real estate, asset management, private equity and renewable energy. Cofra is owned and managed by members of the Brenninkmeijer family. Its chairman is Martijn Brenninkmeijer, and the CEO is Boudewijn Beerkens.

## Group structure

Cofra has various subsidiaries, including C&A, Redevco, Bregal Investments, and Anthos Fund & Asset Management.

### C&A

C&A, the fashion retail company, is the oldest business in the group. It was founded in 1841, when brothers Clemens and August Brenninkmeijer opened the first C&A store in Sneek, the Netherlands. As of 2019, C&A had around 1,900 stores and employed over 50,000 people in 21 countries - mostly in Europe, but also in Brazil (since 1976), Mexico (since 1999) and China (since 2007). In 2019, C&A Modas became a listed company in Brazil, trading on the BE Stock Exchange under the ticker CEAB3.

### Redevco

Redevco, a European commercial retail and residential real estate business, was founded in 1999 and is based in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Redevco currently manages more than 300 properties. Its assets under management total EUR 7.5 billion. Redevco's CEO is Andrew Vaughan, who was appointed to the position in November 2011.

### Bregal Investments

Bregal Investments is a platform of private equity and fund investment vehicles, founded in 2002. Since inception, Bregal has invested more than EUR 13 billion.

### Anthos Fund & Asset Management (AFAM)

Anthos Fund & Asset Management (AFAM) was founded in 1929. It provides asset management services to the Brenninkmeijer family, their philanthropic foundations and the pension funds of various Cofra entities. AFAM's CEO is Jacco Maters, who was appointed in September 2018.

### Sustainable food

In November 2021, Cofra announced an investment in Scotland-based vertical farmer *Intelligent Growth Solutions* as part of its Series B Funding round, which also included Cleveland Avenue LLC (Chicago) and DC Thomson (Dundee, Scotland) as investors.

In January 2022, Cofra took over the Dutch greenhouse manufacturer Dalsem. In April 2022, Cofra Holding announced the acquisition of Ontario Plants Propagation.

## Management and business practices

Cofra is a privately held company owned by a group of around 60 descendants of Clemens and August Brenninkmeijer. The group is also known as the “Sneekerkring”, a reference to the town of Sneek, where C&A was founded. Within the group of family owners, key decisions are taken on the basis of consensus rather than voting. Martijn Brenninkmeijer is the chairman of Cofra's executive board. In a 2016 Die Zeit interview with Maurice Brenninkmeijer, Götz Hamann and Uew Jean Heuser wrote that company shares cannot be inherited; they can only be obtained by family members who serve as Cofra executives.

## InfoBox

Cofra Holding AG
|
|  |
| Company type | Private (AG) |
| Industry |  |
| Founded | 2001 (2001) |
| Headquarters | Zug, Switzerland |
| Key people | * Martijn Brenninkmeijer (chairman) * Boudewijn Beerkens (CEO) |
| Owner | Brenninkmeijer family |
| Number of employees | 51,000+ (2019) |
| Website | cofraholding.com |


title: Black River (Mackinac County)

abstract:
Black River is an 11.0-mile-long (17.7 km) river on the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. The river flows into Lake Michigan at 46°05′37″N 85°20′30″W, approximately 5 miles (8 km) east of Naubinway. The main branch of the river rises at 46°11′59″N 85°22′13″W in a marshy area in eastern Garfield Township near Cranberry Lake Bog. The East Branch rises at 46°08′05″N 85°16′46″W in Hudson Township and joins the main course at 46°05′47″N 85°20′24″W. All of the river's drainage basin is within Mackinac County, much of it within the Lake Superior State Forest. Tributaries:
  - East Branch Black River
    - Borgstrom Creek
  - Peters Creek
  - Silver Creek
  - Bark Creek

text:
# Black River (Mackinac County)

**Black River** is an 11.0-mile-long (17.7 km) river on the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. The river flows into Lake Michigan at 46°05′37″N 85°20′30″W / 46.09361°N 85.34167°W / 46.09361; -85.34167 (Black River (mouth)), approximately 5 miles (8 km) east of Naubinway.

The main branch of the river rises at 46°11′59″N 85°22′13″W / 46.19972°N 85.37028°W / 46.19972; -85.37028 (Black River (source)) in a marshy area in eastern Garfield Township near Cranberry Lake Bog. The East Branch rises at 46°08′05″N 85°16′46″W / 46.13472°N 85.27944°W / 46.13472; -85.27944 (East Branch Black River (source)) in Hudson Township and joins the main course at 46°05′47″N 85°20′24″W / 46.09639°N 85.34000°W / 46.09639; -85.34000 (East Branch Black River (mouth)). All of the river's drainage basin is within Mackinac County, much of it within the Lake Superior State Forest.

Tributaries (from the mouth):

* East Branch Black River
    + Borgstrom Creek
* Peters Creek
* Silver Creek
* Bark Creek

## InfoBox

| Black River | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Lake Michigan |
| elevation | 581 ft (177 m) |


title: Beth El Cemetery

abstract: The Beth El Cemetery is a Jewish cemetery located at 4700 South 84th Street in Ralston, a city that is south of Omaha, Nebraska.

text:
# Beth El Cemetery

The **Beth El Cemetery** is a Jewish cemetery located at 4700 South 84th Street (84th and "L" Streets) in Ralston, a city that is south of Omaha, Nebraska.

## History

Beth El Synagogue bought land for the cemetery in 1927, and the cemetery was opened in 1939.

The cemetery is part of the Conservative community of Omaha. It is a medium-sized cemetery that is situated on three acres.

In May 1999, the Etta and Harold Epstein Family Chapel of Remembrance was dedicated on the grounds, enabling congregants to hold indoor services at the cemetery.

## Notable burials

## InfoBox

| Beth El Cemetery | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Details | |
| Established | 1939 |
| Location | Omaha, Nebraska |
| Country | United States |
| Coordinates | 41°12′40″N 96°02′39″W / 41.2112469°N 96.0440593°W / 41.2112469; -96.0440593 |
| Type | Jewish |
| Owned by | Beth El Synagogue |
| Size | 3 acres |
| No. of interments | ~1,700 |
| Find a Grave | Beth El Cemetery |


title: Electoral district of Ferntree Gully

abstract: The electoral district of Ferntree Gully was an electorate of the Victorian Legislative Assembly. It was created in 2002 as a replacement for the abolished electorate of Knox. The district comprised Ferntree Gully and its neighbouring suburbs at the foothills of the Dandenong Ranges. When it was created, it had a notional Liberal majority of 7.6% suggesting it would be a fairly safe Liberal seat. However, Labor Party's Anne Eckstein won the seat at the 2002 election on the back of the Labor landslide. But at the following election in 2006, Eckstein lost Ferntree Gully to Liberal Nick Wakeling in a very close contest for the seat. The final result revealed a margin of 27 votes, or 0.04%. The seat was abolished by the Electoral Boundaries Commission ahead of the 2022 election and split into the electoral districts of Bayswater, Rowville and Monbulk.

text:
# Electoral district of Ferntree Gully

The **electoral district of Ferntree Gully** was an electorate of the Victorian Legislative Assembly. It was created in 2002 as a replacement for the abolished electorate of Knox.

The district comprised Ferntree Gully and its neighbouring suburbs at the foothills of the Dandenong Ranges.

When it was created, it had a notional Liberal majority of 7.6% suggesting it would be a fairly safe Liberal seat. However, Labor Party's Anne Eckstein won the seat at the 2002 election on the back of the Labor landslide. But at the following election in 2006, Eckstein lost Ferntree Gully to Liberal Nick Wakeling in a very close contest for the seat. The final result revealed a margin of 27 votes, or 0.04%.

The seat was abolished by the Electoral Boundaries Commission ahead of the 2022 election and split into the electoral districts of Bayswater, Rowville and Monbulk.

## Members for Ferntree Gully

| Member | | Party | Term |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Anne Eckstein | Labor | 2002–2006 |
|  | Nick Wakeling | Liberal | 2006–2022 |

## Election results

2018 Victorian state election: Ferntree Gully
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | Nick Wakeling | 17,614 | 49.41 | −4.49 |
|  | Labor | Julie Buxton | 14,618 | 41.01 | +7.85 |
|  | Greens | Steve Raymond | 3,414 | 9.58 | +0.49 |
| Total formal votes | | | 35,646 | 94.28 | −1.02 |
| Informal votes | | | 2,162 | 5.72 | +1.02 |
| Turnout | | | 37,808 | 91.90 | −0.97 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Liberal | Nick Wakeling | 18,407 | 51.64 | −6.10 |
|  | Labor | Julie Buxton | 17,239 | 48.36 | +6.10 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | **Swing** | −6.10 |  |

## InfoBox

| Ferntree Gully
VictoriaLegislative Assembly | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Ferntree Gully (dark green) in Greater Melbourne | |
| State | Victoria |
| Created | 2002 |
| Abolished | 2022 |
| MP | Nick Wakeling |
| Party | Liberal Party |
| Electors | 41,141 (2018) |
| Area | 34 km2 (13.1 sq mi) |
| Demographic | Metropolitan |


abstract: The third federal electoral district of Veracruz is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 19 such districts in the state of Veracruz. It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in this district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the third region.

text:
# Third federal electoral district of Veracruz

The **third federal electoral district of Veracruz** (*Distrito electoral federal 03 de Veracruz*) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 19 such districts in the state of Veracruz.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in this district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the third region.

## District territory

Veracruz lost a congressional district in the 2022 redistricting plan, which is to be used for the 2024, 2027 and 2030 elections. The reconfigured third district covers 11 municipalities in the Olmeca and Papaloapan regions in the south of the state:

The district's head town (*cabecera distrital*), where results from individual polling stations are gathered together and collated, is the city of Cosoleacaque.

## Previous districting schemes

2017–2022

Between 2017 and 2022, Veracruz was assigned 20 electoral districts. The third district was located in the north of the state, comprising six municipalities in the Huasteca Baja and Totonaca regions: Álamo Temapache, Castillo de Teayo, Cazones de Herrera, Cerro Azul, Tepetzintla and Tuxpan. The head town was the city of Tuxpan de Rodríguez Cano.

2005–2017

Veracruz's allocation of congressional seats fell to 21 in the 2005 redistricting process. Between 2005 and 2017 the district had its head town at Tuxpan and it covered six municipalities: Álamo Temapache, Cazones de Herrera, Cerro Azul, Tamiahua, Tepetzintla and Tuxpan.

1996–2005

Under the 1996 districting plan, which allocated Veracruz 23 districts, the head town was at Temapache.

1978–1996

The districting scheme in force from 1978 to 1996 was the result of the 1977 electoral reforms, which increased the number of single-member seats in the Chamber of Deputies from 196 to 300. Under that plan, Veracruz's seat allocation rose from 15 to 23. The third district had its head town at Poza Rica and it covered the municipalities of Poza Rica and Coatzintla.

## Deputies returned to Congress

Third federal electoral district of Veracruz
| Election | Deputy | Party | Term | Legislature |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1973 | Ignacio Mendoza Aguirre |  | 1973–1976 | 49th Congress |
| 1976 | Emilio Salgado Zubiaga |  | 1976–1979 | 50th Congress |
| 1979 | Óscar Torres Pancardo |  | 1979–1982 | 51st Congress |
| 1982 | Mauro Melo Barrios |  | 1982–1985 | 52nd Congress |
| 1985 | Américo Rodríguez García |  | 1985–1988 | 53rd Congress |
| 1988 | Vicente Sequera Mercado |  | 1988–1991 | 54th Congress |
| 1991 | Edmundo Sosa López |  | 1991–1994 | 55th Congress |
| 1994 | Zaida Alicia Llado Castillo |  | 1994–1997 | 56th Congress |
| 1997 | Salvador Moctezuma Andrade |  | 1997–2000 | 57th Congress |
| 2000 | Martha Silvia Sánchez González |  | 2000–2003 | 58th Congress |
| 2003 | Alfonso Sánchez Hernández |  | 2003–2006 | 59th Congress |
| 2006 | Antonio Laviada Hernández |  | 2006–2009 | 60th Congress |
| 2009 | Miguel Martín López |  | 2009–2012 | 61st Congress |
| 2012 | Genaro Ruiz Arriaga |  | 2012–2015 | 62nd Congress |
| 2015 | Alberto Silva Ramos
Alberto Vázquez Villalobos
Alberto Silva Ramos |  | 2015–2016
2016
2016–2018 | 63rd Congress |
| 2018 | Bertha Espinoza Segura |  | 2018–2021 | 64th Congress |
| 2021 | Bertha Espinoza Segura
Rocío Hernández Villanueva |  | 2021–2022
2022–2024 | 65th Congress |
| 2024 | Magaly Armenta Oliveros |  | 2024–2027 | 66th Congress |

1. Baños Martínez, Marco Antonio; Palacios Mora, Celia (2014). "Evolución territorial de los distritos electorales federales uninominales, 1977–2010" \[Territorial evolution of the federal uninominal electoral districts, 1977–2010\]. *Investigaciones Geográficas* (84). Mexico City: Instituto de Geografía, UNAM: 92. doi:10.14350/rig.34063. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
2. "How Mexico Elects Its Leaders — The Rules". *Mexico Solidarity Project*. 31 January 2024. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
3. "Circunscripciones" (PDF). *ayuda.ine.mx*. Instituto Nacional Electoral. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
4. De la Rosa, Yared (20 February 2023). "Nueva distritación electoral le quita diputados a la CDMX y le agrega a Nuevo León". *Forbes México*. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
5. De Luna, Francisco (1 August 2023). "Rumbo a 2024: la nueva distritación federal en Veracruz a partir de septiembre". *e-consulta.com Veracruz*. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
6. "Memoria de la Distritación Nacional 2021-2023" (PDF). Instituto Nacional Electoral. p. 270. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
7. "Descriptivo de la distritación federal: Veracruz, marzo 2017" (PDF). *Cartografía*. Instituto Nacional Electoral. March 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
8. "Acuerdo del Consejo General del Instituto Federal Electoral por el que se establece la demarcación territorial de los trescientos distritos electorales federales uninominales". Diario Oficial de la Federación. 2 March 2005. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
9. "Distritación de 1996 de Veracruz" (PDF). Instituto Federal Electoral. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2024. The link contains comparative maps of the 1996 and 2005 districting plans.
10. "La redistritación electoral mexicana, 1996: Memoria". Instituto Federal Electoral. 1997. p. 295. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
11. González Casanova, Pablo (1993). *Las Elecciones en México: evolución y perspectivas* (3 ed.). Siglo XXI. p. 219. ISBN 9789682313219. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
12. "Veracruz". *División del Territorio de la República en 300 Distritos Electorales Uninominales para Elecciones Federales*. Diario Oficial de la Federación. 29 May 1978. p. 39. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
13. "Legislatura 49" (PDF). Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
14. "Legislatura 50" (PDF). Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
15. "Legislatura 51" (PDF). Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
16. "Legislatura 52" (PDF). Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
17. "Legislatura 53" (PDF). Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
18. "Legislatura 54" (PDF). Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
19. "Legislatura 55" (PDF). Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
20. "Legislatura 56" (PDF). Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
21. "Legislatura 57" (PDF). Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
22. "Perfil: Dip. Martha Silvia Sánchez González, LVIII Legislatura". *Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL)*. SEGOB. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
23. "Perfil: Dip. Alfonso Sánchez Hernández, LIX Legislatura". *Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL)*. SEGOB. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
24. "Perfil: Dip. Íñigo Antonio Laviada Hernández, LX Legislatura". *Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL)*. SEGOB. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
25. "Perfil: Dip. Miguel Martín López, LXI Legislatura". *Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL)*. SEGOB. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
26. "Perfil: Dip. Genaro Ruiz Arriaga, LXII Legislatura". *Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL)*. SEGOB. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
27. "Perfil: Dip. Alberto Silva Ramos, LXIII Legislatura". *Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL)*. SEGOB. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
28. "Perfil: Dip. Bertha Espinoza Segura, LXIV Legislatura". *Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL)*. SEGOB. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
29. "Perfil: Dip. Bertha Espinoza Segura, LXV Legislatura". *Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL)*. SEGOB. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
30. Dina, Eduardo (13 September 2022). "Muere la diputada federal Bertha Espinoza Segura, de Morena". *El Universal* (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 September 2022.
31. "Perfil: Dip. Rocío Hernández Villanueva, LXV Legislatura". *Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL)*. SEGOB. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
32. "Veracruz Distrito 3. Cosoleacaque". *Cómputos Distritales 2024*. INE. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
33. "Perfil: Dip. Magaly Armenta Oliveros, LXVI Legislatura". *Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL)*. SEGOB. Retrieved 3 September 2024.

20°57′N 97°24′W / 20.950°N 97.400°W / 20.950; -97.400

## InfoBox

| National parties | |
| --- | --- |
| ***Current*** | |
|  | PAN |
|  | PRI |
|  | PT |
|  | PVEM |
|  | MC |
|  | Morena |
| ***Defunct or local only*** | |
|  | PLM |
|  | PNR |
|  | PRM |
|  | PP |
|  | PPS |
|  | PARM |
|  | PFCRN |
|  | Convergencia |
|  | PANAL |
|  | PSD |
|  | PES |
|  | PRD |


title: Rooihuiskraal

abstract: Rooihuiskraal is a residential suburb on the southern outskirts of Centurion, Gauteng, South Africa.

text:
# Rooihuiskraal

**Rooihuiskraal** is a residential suburb on the southern outskirts of Centurion, Gauteng, South Africa.

1. Sum of the Sub Places Rooihuiskraal and Rooihuiskraal North from Census 2011.

## InfoBox

| Rooihuiskraal | |
| --- | --- |
| RooihuiskraalRooihuiskraalRooihuiskraal | |
| Coordinates: 25°53′56″S 28°09′18″E / 25.899°S 28.155°E / -25.899; 28.155 | |
| Country | South Africa |
| Province | Gauteng |
| Municipality | City of Tshwane |
| Main Place | Centurion |
| Area | |
| Total | 9.47 km2 (3.66 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 17,337 |
| Density | 1,800/km2 (4,700/sq mi) |
| Racial makeup (2011) | |
| Black African | 21% |
| Coloured | 2.4% |
| Indian/Asian | 2.1% |
| White | 74.5% |
| First languages (2011) | |
| Afrikaans | 66% |
| English | 22% |
| Northern Sotho | 1.9% |
| Tswana | 1.7% |
| Other | 8.4% |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (SAST) |
| Postal code (street) | 0157 |
| PO box | 0154 |


abstract: Elobey, Annobón, and Corisco was a colonial administration of Spanish Africa located in the Gulf of Guinea. The colony consisted of the small islands of Elobey Grande, Elobey Chico, Annobón, and Corisco. The capital was Santa Isabel. The islands are presently part of Equatorial Guinea. The colony is remembered by philatelists for having issued its own postage stamps between 1903 and 1910. The first issue depicted a profile of the young Alfonso XIII of Spain, and consisted of 18 values, from 1/4 centimos to 10 pesetas. The values from 1c to 10p were reprinted in 1905, but inscribed "1905". In 1906, the 1c, 2c, 3c, and 4c values were surcharged 10c, 15c, 25c, and 50c, using a box with the value and "1906". A 1907 set of 16 values updated to a profile of an older Alfonso. Several of these values were surcharged between 1908 and 1910. A total of 72 issues are identified in the Yvert catalogue. Stanley Gibbons lists 69 issues from 1903 to 1909. Subsequently, the islands used the stamps of Spanish Guinea.

text:
# Postage stamps and postal history of Elobey, Annobón, and Corisco

**Elobey, Annobón, and Corisco** was a colonial administration of Spanish Africa located in the Gulf of Guinea. The colony consisted of the small islands of Elobey Grande, Elobey Chico, Annobón, and Corisco. The capital was Santa Isabel. The islands are presently part of Equatorial Guinea.

The colony is remembered by philatelists for having issued its own postage stamps between 1903 and 1910. The first issue depicted a profile of the young Alfonso XIII of Spain, and consisted of 18 values, from 1/4 centimos to 10 pesetas. The values from 1c to 10p were reprinted in 1905, but inscribed "1905".

In 1906, the 1c, 2c, 3c, and 4c values were surcharged 10c, 15c, 25c, and 50c, using a box with the value and "1906". A 1907 set of 16 values updated to a profile of an older Alfonso. Several of these values were surcharged between 1908 and 1910. A total of 72 issues are identified in the Yvert catalogue. Stanley Gibbons lists 69 issues from 1903 to 1909.

Subsequently, the islands used the stamps of Spanish Guinea.

## Bibliography

* Bentley, G.W. "The Stamps of Fernando P, Elobey, Anobon and Corisco and Spanish Guinea." *The Philatelist and P.J.G.B.* No. 44 (1944), p.64.
* Stanley Gibbons Ltd, various catalogues
* Stanley Gibbons Ltd, *Europe and Colonies 1970*, Stanley Gibbons Ltd, 1969
* Stuart Rossiter & John Flower, *The Stamp Atlas*, W H Smith, 1989
* *XLCR Stamp Finder and Collector's Dictionary*, Thomas Cliffe Ltd, c.1960


title: Chowan Beach, North Carolina

abstract: Chowan Beach is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Chowan County, North Carolina, United States. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 385. The community is in northern Chowan County, on the east bank of the tidal Chowan River. It is bordered to the north by Arrowhead Beach. Edenton, the county seat, is 13 miles (21 km) to the south-southeast.

text:
# Chowan Beach, North Carolina

**Chowan Beach** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Chowan County, North Carolina, United States. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 385.

The community is in northern Chowan County, on the east bank of the tidal Chowan River. It is bordered to the north by Arrowhead Beach. Edenton, the county seat, is 13 miles (21 km) to the south-southeast.

## Demographics

### 2020 census

**Chowan Beach CDP, North Carolina – Racial and Ethnic Composition**
(*NH = Non-Hispanic*)
*Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.*
| Race / Ethnicity | Pop 2020 | % 2020 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| White alone (NH) | 282 | 73.25% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 40 | 10.39% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 3 | 0.78% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Some Other Race alone (NH) | 0 | 0.00% |
| Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) | 30 | 7.79% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 30 | 7.79% |
| **Total** | **385** | **100.00%** |

## InfoBox

| Chowan Beach, North Carolina | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| Chowan BeachChowan Beach | |
| Coordinates: 36°12′51″N 76°42′41″W / 36.21417°N 76.71139°W / 36.21417; -76.71139 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | North Carolina |
| County | Chowan |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.20 sq mi (0.51 km2) |
| Land | 0.16 sq mi (0.41 km2) |
| Water | 0.04 sq mi (0.10 km2) |
| Elevation | 30 ft (9 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 385 |
| Density | 2,436.71/sq mi (938.59/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP Code | 27932 (Edenton) |
| Area code | 252 |
| FIPS code | 37-12590 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2812786 |


title: Frank Cowper

abstract: Francis Cowper was an English single-handed yachtsman, explorer, author, illustrator, artist, and journalist who was influential in popularizing single-handed cruising. He has been credited as "the forefather of modern cruising", following the publication of his five books, Sailing Tours, describing his circumnavigation of the British Isles, the East coast of Ireland, and the French coast of Brittany in a converted 29-ton, 48-foot Dover Fishing boat named Lady Harvey. In a review of the last of his sailing books published in the year of his passing, recognition of his achievements during and after his eventful life are summarized with the following accolades. His books "laid the foundation" of the pilot guides used by yachtsmen today.

text:
# Frank Cowper

**Francis Cowper** (14 January 1849  28 May 1930) was an English single-handed yachtsman, explorer, author, illustrator, artist, and journalist who was influential in popularizing single-handed cruising. He has been credited as "the forefather of modern cruising", following the publication of his five books, Sailing Tours, describing his circumnavigation of the British Isles, the East coast of Ireland, and the French coast of Brittany in a converted 29-ton, 48-foot Dover Fishing boat named Lady Harvey. In a review of the last of his sailing books published in the year of his passing, recognition of his achievements during and after his eventful life are summarized with the following accolades. His books "laid the foundation" of the pilot guides used by yachtsmen today.

## Early life

He was initially Francis Cooper but resumed the original spelling of Cowper by deed-poll in 1885, and was the second son of five children to Henry Cooper of London. He studied classical history at The Queen's College, Oxford, where he matriculated in 1867, graduating B.A. in 1871 and M.A. in 1875.

## Yachting

Cowper learned to sail on the Upper Thames, hiring catboats with friends when he was an undergraduate at Oxford. In 1870, in his final year at university, he spent his summer vacation in Auray, Brittany in northern France, sailing a small dinghy in the Gulf of Morbihan and out into Quiberon Bay.

Between 1892 and 1895, Cowper circumnavigated the British Isles, exploring practically every river and creek along the coast. He also crossed the English Channel to France and Belgium.

Cowper's most well-known work, *Sailing Tours*, describes these voyages and was published in five volumes between 1892 and 1896. Original copies are now quite collectable, and a full set can fetch as much as £500. In 1985, Ashford Press published a facsimile reprint of all five volumes.

Cowper originally undertook the voyages documented in *Sailing Tours*, mostly single-handed, in the yawl *Lady Harvey*, a 44 foot (13 m) Dover fishing lugger built in 1867. In his 1921 book *Single-Handed Cruising*, Francis B. Cooke claimed that no amateur yachtsman had ever single-handed a larger vessel. Cowper sold *Lady Harvey* in 1895, then building a ketch of his own design, *Undine II*, which became his favourite but which he sold in 1899. He next owned a yawl named *Zayda*, followed by a French fishing lugger, *Idéal*, and a 14-ton cutter *Little Windflower*. In 1921, Cowper purchased the 41 foot (12 m) cutter *Ailsa*, which was to be the last boat he owned.

*Sailing Tours* continued to be cited in sailing guides, with Neville Featherstone describing Cowper's writing as "a rich blend of navigational facts laced with his own semi-libellous observations on the world around him". Alan Titchmarsh described it as a "rich source of inspiration" for his 1999 novel, *The Last Lighthouse Keeper*.

## Fiction

Cowper also wrote several adventure and romance novels. One of these, *The Island of the English* (1898), was described as having "a strong, compelling note of verity" and "a vivid, flexible style".

## Family

On December 28, 1876, Cowper married fellow author Edith Elise Cadogan, daughter of the Rector of Wicken. They made their home on the Isle of Wight and Edith bore ten children; three did not survive infancy but their eldest son, Frank Cadogan Cowper, grew up to become a recognised Pre-Raphaelite artist. The marriage was troubled — Edith accused Cowper of violence and frequent infidelity — and they divorced in 1890. His brother, Colonel Harry Cooper CMG CBE, became ADC to Queen Victoria from 1898 to 1901 and to King Edward Vll from 1901 to 1904.

## Books

### Sailing

* *Sailing Tours Part 1 - The Coasts of Essex and Suffolk* (1892)
* *Sailing Tours Part 2 - The Nore to the Scilly Isles* (1893)
* *Sailing Tours Part 3 - Falmouth to the Loire* (1894)
* *Sailing Tours Part 4 - Lands End to the Mull of Galloway including the East Coast of Ireland* (1895)
* *Sailing Tours Part 5 - The Clyde to the Thames Round North* (1896)
* *Jack-All-Alone, His Cruises* (1897)
* *Yachting and Cruising for Amateurs* (1911)
* *Cruising Sails and Yachting Tales* (1921)
* *Vagaries of Lady Harvey - The Meanderings of a Freak among the Orkneys* (1930)

### Fiction

* *Caedwalla - The Saxons in the Isle of Wight* (1888)
* *The Captain of the Wight - A Romance of Carisbrooke Castle in 1488* (1889)
* *The Hunting of the Auk* (1895)
* *The Island of the English - A Story of Napoleon's Days* (1898)
* *The Forgotten Door* (1900)

### Short fiction

* "Christmas Eve on a Haunted Hulk" (1889)

### Nonfiction

* *Ye Lay of ye Lady Harvey and ye Little Blue Dragon - Private publication of 50 Copies* (1908)

## Boats

* *Aristide Marie*
* *Undine I*
* *Lady Harvey*
* *Undine II*
* *Zayda*
* *Anonyma*
* *Guardian Angel*
* *Ruby*
* *Ideal*
* *Little Windflower*
* *Ailsa*

1. Peter Howard Cadogan. "Family of Catherine Croom Lovegrove and Henry Cooper". *Peter Cadogan's Family History*. Archived from the original on 27 March 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
2. London Metropolitan Archives (2010). "Reference Number: P69/BOT4/A/01/Ms 4519/5: Baptisms solemnized in the Parish of St Botolph. Bishopsgate City of London, in the year 1849". *London, England, Church of England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1917*. Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com. p. 237.
3. "Obituary: Frank Cowper". *The Yachting Monthly*. Vol. XLIX, no. 291. July 1930. Archived from the original on 5 April 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
4. Stickland, Katy (1 June 2023). "Frank Cowper - the sailor who "invented" cruising". *Practical Boat Owner*. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
5. Meakins, Ben (22 December 2014). "Frank Cowper - the forefather of modern cruising". *Practical Boat Owner*. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
6. John Leather (1985). *Introduction (Sailing Tours: Part III, Falmouth to The Loire)*. Ashford Press Publishing. p. iv. ISBN 0-907069-19-3.
7. Foster, Joseph (1888–1892). "Cooper, Frank (2)". *Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715–1886*. Oxford: Parker and Co  via Wikisource.
8. Neville Featherstone (24 May 2010). *West France Cruising Companion: A yachtsman's pilot and cruising guide from L'Aberwrac'h to the Spanish Border*. Wiley. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-470-75374-3.
9. Cooke, Francis B. (1919). *Single-Handed Cruising*. p. 5. Archived from the original on 7 April 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
10. Titchmarsh, Alan (4 October 1999). *The Last Lighthouse Keeper*. Simon & Schuster Ltd. p. Acknowledgements. ISBN 978-0684819907.
11. "New Books - The Island of the English". *Boston Evening Transcript*. 17 December 1898. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
12. Peter Howard Cadogan. "Family of Francis Cowper and Edith Eliza Cadogan". *Peter Cadogan's Family History*. Archived from the original on 27 March 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
13. Paul Ripley. "Artist Information for Frank Cadogan Cowper". *Art Renewal Center*. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
14. "Cowper, Frank Cadogan, R.A. - The Golden Bowl". *Sotheby's*. 2012. Archived from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2016. Frank Cadogan Cowper was born in Wicken, Northamptonshire in 1877. His father was Frank Cowper, an author who specialised in writing yachting novels and was the grandson of the Rector of Wicken.
15. "COW Frank Cadogan Cowper, letters to his mother \[Edith Cowper\] 1899-1908". *Royal Academy of Arts Archive*. Royal Academy of Arts. Archived from the original on 27 March 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2023. Not much is known of Edith Cowper outside of evidence provided in COW/3. It appears that she divorced Frank's father, also Frank, in the 1890s citing violent behaviour and infidelity.
16. Marmor, Lail A. (May 2013). *Re-Presenting Rossetti: The Art of Frank Cadogan Cowper* (Thesis). Archived from the original on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
17. "Colonel Harry Cooper CMG, CBE". *Military in Essex; Family History*. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
18. Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1910). "Armorial Families: A Directory of Gentlemen of Coat-armour, Sixth Edition". London: T.C. & E.C. Jack. pp. 360–361. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

## InfoBox

| Frank Cowper, M.A. Oxon. | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1849-01-14)14 January 1849
London, England |
| Died | 28 May 1930(1930-05-28) (aged 81)
St Cross, Winchester,
Hampshire, England |
| Occupation | * Yachtsman * writer * illustrator * journalist * novelist * historian |
| Nationality | English |
| Education | Aldenham; Brentwood; Blackheath Proprietary School |
| Alma mater | The Queen's College, Oxford |
| Period | 1870–1930 |
| Genre | Travelogue, novel, non-fiction |
| Notable works | *Sailing Tours* series
*The Captain of the Wight*
*Xmas Eve on a Haunted Hulk* |
| Spouse | E. E. Cowper |
| Children | 10, including Frank Cadogan Cowper |


title: François Picquet

abstract: François Picquet was a French Sulpician priest who emigrated to Montreal, Canada, in 1734.

text:
# François Picquet

**François Picquet** (French pronunciation: \[fʁɑ̃swa pikɛ\]; 4 December 1708 – 15 July 1781) was a French Sulpician priest who emigrated to Montreal, Canada, in 1734.

## Early life

Picquet was born in Bourg-en-Bresse, France, on 4 December 1708, the son of André Picquet and Marie-Philippe Berthet. In 1728 he entered the seminary of Lyons, where he was ordained deacon in 1731. At the Saint-Sulpice Seminary (Issy-les-Moulineaux) in Paris, after winning his doctorate at the Sorbonne, he was ordained to the priesthood in 1734, and became a Sulpician.

## Canada

Picquet arrived in Montreal in 1734. He served the local parish for five years while studying Indian languages and customs. He became proficient in the Algonquin and Iroquois languages.

From 1739 to 1749, he served at Lac des Deux Montagnes, where there was a Sulpician mission. During King George's War (1744–1748) between France and Britain, the Indian allies of these two powers came to arms. Due to Picquet's influence, the Five Nations, hitherto allies of the British, remained neutral, while the others carried out several raids in New England or served as scouts for the French troops. It was during that period that Picquet made the decision to work with the Indians south of the Great Lakes for conversion and to ensure their loyalty to France. In 1748 a commitment was made by Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière, the Governor General of New France, to send Picquet to the Thousand Islands area for that purpose.

In 1749, Picquet built a mission fort named Fort de La Présentation near the junction of the Oswegatchie River and the St Lawrence River. By 1755 it had a large population of Iroquois loyal to France. In 1758, with the Seven Years' War intensifying, a military commander was put in charge of that new aspect of the fort. Picquet was displeased with this dilution of his authority and left the fort for Lake of Two Mountains. He was back in July, 1758, to lead his Indian troops in the battle of Carillon. He also was part of Louis de la Corne's excursion to the Oswego area the following year.

In 1759, the mission fort was abandoned in favour of Fort Lévis and Picquet fled to Montreal with his Indian troops. He left there for New Orleans where he stayed for a time.

## Return to France

Picquet returned to France in 1772. He took up a ministry at Verjon and then as a chaplain to the nuns of the Visitation. A private audience with Pope Pius VI occurred in 1777 and he retired in 1779. He died at Verjon, Ain, France, in 1781.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "François Picquet". *Catholic Encyclopedia*. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

## Sources

* Shea, John Gilmary. 1855. *History of the Catholic missions among the Indian tribes of the United States: 1529-1854*. Dunigan. \[See especially pp. 335–340. Available via Google Books.\]

Media related to François Picquet at Wikimedia Commons


title: 1997–98 Real Betis season

text:
# 1997–98 Real Betis season

During the 1997–98 season, Betis competed in La Liga, Copa del Rey and UEFA Cup Winners' Cup.

## Summary

In the summertime Llorenc Serra Ferrer left the club and signed with FC Barcelona prompting President Manuel Ruiz de Lopera to hire Luis Aragonés as its new manager. The club transferred in several players such as centre back Roberto Solozabal from Atlético Madrid, right back Jorge Otero from Valencia CF, midfielder Fernando from Real Valladolid, forward Oli from Real Oviedo and after a two-year stint in FC Barcelona striker Ángel Cuéllar got back to the squad.

The team finished in a disappointing 8th place in La Liga and reached barely the classification for the UEFA Cup next season. Meanwhile, the squad was eliminated in Copa del Rey Quarterfinals by Real Zaragoza and defeated in two legs by Chelsea F.C. in UEFA Cup Winners' Cup Quarterfinals stage.

## Squad

*Squad at end of season*

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  1 GK  ESP Toni Prats  2 DF  ESP Jaime  3 DF  ESP Luis Fernández  4 DF  ESP Juan Antonio Ureña  5 DF  ESP Josete  6 DF  ESP Juan Merino  7 MF  ESP Alexis Trujillo  8 MF  ESP Luis Márquez  9 FW  ESP Oli  10 MF  ESP Juan Cañas  11 FW  ESP Alfonso  12 DF  YUG Albert Nađ | No. Pos. Nation Player  13 GK  ESP Valerio  14 DF  ESP Jorge Otero  17 DF  CRO Robert Jarni  19 DF  ESP Roberto Solozabal  20 DF  ESP Tomás Olías  21 DF  BIH Risto Vidaković  22 MF  ESP Fernando  23 FW  ESP Ángel Cuéllar  24 FW  ESP Ivan Perez  25 MF  NGA Finidi George  29 GK  ESP José Manuel Pinto |
| --- | --- |

### Transfers

| In | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pos. | Name | from | Type |
| DF | Roberto Solozabal | Atlético Madrid |  |
| DF | Jorge Otero | Valencia CF |  |
| MF | Fernando | Real Valladolid |  |
| FW | Oli | Real Oviedo |  |
| GK | Valerio | Albacete Balompié |  |
| GK | Pinto | Betis B |  |
| FW | Ángel Cuéllar | FC Barcelona |  |
| FW | Ivan Perez | Extremadura CF |  |
|

| Out | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pos. | Name | To | Type |
| DF | Roberto Ríos | Athletic Bilbao |  |
| FW | Pier | Real Zaragoza |  |
| GK | Pedro Jaro | Atlético Madrid |  |
| DF | Fernando Varela | Betis B |  |
| MF | Capi | Betis B |  |
| DF | Juan Redondo | Hércules CF |  |
| FW | Wojciech Kowalczyk | UD Las Palmas |  |
| MF | Nenad Bjelica | UD Las Palmas |  |
| FW | Juan Sabas | CP Mérida |  |
|

## Competitions

### La Liga

#### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 | Celta Vigo | 38 | 17 | 9 | 12 | 54 | 47 | +7 | 60 | Qualification for the UEFA Cup first round |
| 7 | Atlético Madrid | 38 | 16 | 12 | 10 | 79 | 56 | +23 | | 60 |
| 8 | Real Betis | 38 | 17 | 8 | 13 | 49 | 50 | 1 | | 59 |
| 9 | Valencia | 38 | 16 | 7 | 15 | 58 | 52 | +6 | 55 | Qualification for the Intertoto Cup third round |
| 10 | Espanyol | 38 | 12 | 17 | 9 | 44 | 31 | +13 | 53 | Qualification for the Intertoto Cup second round |

Source: LFP
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) head-to-head points; 3) head-to-head goal difference; 4) head-to-head goals scored; 5) goal difference; 6) number of goals scored.
Notes:

#### Results by round

| Round | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ground | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | H | A | A | H | A | H | A | H | H | A | H | A | H | A |
| Result | W | D | L | D | W | D | L | W | L | D | D | L | W | W | W | W | L | W | D | W | D | W | L | L | W | W | D | W | L | W | L | L | W | L | W | W | L | L |
| Position | 2 | 6 | 12 | 14 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 8 |

Source: Competitive matches
A = Away; H = Home; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss;   = Leader, 1998–99 UEFA Champions League Group stage;   = 1998–99 UEFA Champions League Second qualifying round;   = 1998–99 UEFA Cup First round;   = Qualification for the Intertoto Cup third round;   = Qualification for the Intertoto Cup second round;   = 1998–99 Segunda División

#### Matches

| 1 September 1997 1 | **Real Valladolid** | **1-3** | **Real Betis** | Valladolid |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: José Zorrilla |

| 6 September 1997 2 | **Real Betis** | **1-1** | **Athletic Bilbao** | Sevilla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Benito Villamarin |

| 14 September 1997 3 | **Celta** | **2-0** | **Real Betis** | Vigo |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Balaídos |

| 28 September 1997 4 | **Real Betis** | **1-1** | **Real Oviedo** | Sevilla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Benito Villamarin |

| 6 October 1997 5 | **CP Mérida** | **1-3** | **Real Betis** | Mérida |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Estadio Romano |

| 15 October 1997 6 | **Real Betis** | **3-3** | **Real Zaragoza** | Sevilla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Benito Villamarin |

| 19 October 1997 7 | **RCD Espanyol** | **5-0** | **Real Betis** | Barcelona |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys |

| 26 October 1997 8 | **Real Betis** | **1-0** | **SD Compostela** | Sevilla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Benito Villamarin |

| 1 November 1997 9 | **Real Betis** | **2-3** | **Atlético Madrid** | Sevilla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Benito Villamarin |

| 9 November 1997 10 | **UD Salamanca** | **0-0** | **Real Betis** | Salamanca |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: El Helmántico |

| 12 November 1997 11 | **Real Betis** | **0-0** | **Real Sociedad** | Sevilla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Benito Villamarin |

| 16 November 1997 12 | **Valencia CF** | **1-0** | **Real Betis** | Valencia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Mestalla |

| 23 November 1997 13 | **Real Betis** | **1-0** | **Deportivo La Coruña** | Sevilla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Benito Villamarin |

| 29 November 1997 14 | **Sporting Gijón** | **2-3** | **Real Betis** | Gijón |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: El Molinón |

| 7 December 1997 15 | **Real Betis** | **3-0** | **CD Tenerife** | Sevilla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Benito Villamarin |

| 13 December 1997 16 | **RCD Mallorca** | **1-2** | **Real Betis** | Palma de Mallorca |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Lluís Sitjar |

| 21 December 1997 18 | **Racing Santander** | **2-0** | **Real Betis** | Santander |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: El Sardinero |

| 3 January 1998 19 | **Real Betis** | **3-2** | **Real Madrid** | Sevilla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Benito Villamarin |

| 18 January 1998 20 | **Athletic Bilbao** | **0-0** | **Real Betis** | Bilbao |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: San Mamés |

| 25 January 1998 21 | **Real Betis** | **2-0** | **Celta de Vigo** | Sevilla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Benito Villamarin |

| 31 January 1998 23 | **Real Oviedo** | **0-0** | **Real Betis** | Oviedo |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Carlos Tartiere |

| 8 February 1998 24 | **Real Betis** | **2-1** | **CP Mérida** | Sevilla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Benito Villamarin |

| 15 February 1998 25 | **Real Zaragoza** | **3-1** | **Real Betis** | Zaragoza |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: La Romareda |

| 22 February 1998 26 | **Real Betis** | **1-3** | **RCD Espanyol** | Sevilla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Benito Villamarin |

| 25 February 1998 20 | **Real Betis** | **3-0** | **Real Valladolid** | Sevilla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Benito Villamarin |

| 28 February 1998 27 | **SD Compostela** | **2-3** | **Real Betis** | Santiago de Compostela |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: San Lázaro |

| 8 March 1998 28 | **Atlético Madrid** | **0-0** | **Real Betis** | Madrid |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Vicente Calderón |

| 15 March 1998 29 | **Real Betis** | **2-1** | **UD Salamanca** | Sevilla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Benito Villamarin |

| 22 March 1998 30 | **Real Sociedad** | **2-0** | **Real Betis** | San Sebastián |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Anoeta |

| 28 March 1998 31 | **Real Betis** | **1-0** | **Valencia CF** | Sevilla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Benito Villamarin |

| 4 April 1998 32 | **Deportivo La Coruña** | **2-0** | **Real Betis** | La Coruña |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Riazor |

| 7 April 1998 17 | **Real Betis** | **0-2** | **FC Barcelona** | Sevilla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Benito Villamarin |

| 13 April 1998 33 | **Real Betis** | **2-1** | **Sporting Gijón** | Sevilla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Benito Villamarin |

| 19 April 1998 34 | **CD Tenerife** | **3-1** | **Real Betis** | Santa Cruz de Tenerife |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Heliodoro Rodríguez López |

| 25 April 1998 35 | **Real Betis** | **2-1** | **RCD Mallorca** | Sevilla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Benito Villamarin |

| 3 May 1998 36 | **FC Barcelona** | **1-3** | **Real Betis** | Barcelona |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Camp Nou |

| 10 May 1998 37 | **Real Betis** | **0-2** | **Racing Santander** | Sevilla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Benito Villamarin |

| 15 May 1998 38 | **Real Madrid** | **1-0** | **Real Betis** | Madrid |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Santiago Bernabéu |

### Copa del Rey

#### Eightfinals

| 14 January 1998 | **Real Sociedad** | **0-2** | **Real Betis** | San Sebastián |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Anoeta |

| 21 January 1998 | **Real Betis** | **1-1** | **Real Sociedad** | Sevilla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

#### Quarterfinals

| 4 February 1998 | **Real Zaragoza** | **3-0** | **Real Betis** |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  |  |

| 12 February 1998 | **Real Betis** | **2–2**
(**2-5** agg.) | **Zaragoza** | Sevilla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 21:30 CET | Alfonso  43'
Finidi  64' | Report (in Spanish) | Jamelli  15'
Pier  17' | Stadium: Benito Villamarín
Attendance: 30,000
Referee: Fernández Marín |

### UEFA Cup Winners' Cup

#### First round

| 18 September 1997 1 | **Real Betis** | **2-0** | **BVSC Budapest** | Sevilla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Benito Villamarin |

| 2 October 1997 2 | **BVSC Budapest** | **0-2** | **Real Betis** | Budapest |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Szőnyi úti Stadion |

#### Eightfinals

| 23 October 1997 1 | **Real Betis** | **2-0** | **FC København** | Sevilla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Benito Villamarin |

| 6 November 1997 2 | **FC København** | **1-1** | **Real Betis** | Copenhagen |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Parken |

#### Quarterfinals

| 5 March 1998 | **Real Betis** | **1–2** | **Chelsea** | Sevilla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:45 | Alfonso  46' | Lineups | Flo  7', 12' | Stadium: Estadio Benito Villamarín
Attendance: 31,000
Referee:  Atanas Uzunov |

| 19 March 1998 | **Chelsea** | **3–1**
(**5-2** agg.) | **Real Betis** | London |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 | Sinclair  30'
Di Matteo  50'
Zola  90' | Lineups | Finidi  20' | Stadium: Stamford Bridge
Attendance: 32,300
Referee:  Bernd Heynemann |

## Statistics

### Players statistics

| No. | Pos | Nat | Player | Total | | La Liga | | Copa del Rey | | Cup Winners' Cup | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| 1 | GK | ESP | Prats | 45 | -55 | 36 | -44 | 3 | -5 | 6 | -6 |
| 6 | DF | ESP | Merino | 38 | 0 | 28+2 | 0 | 1+2 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| 20 | DF | ESP | Olias | 32 | 1 | 26 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| 19 | DF | ESP | Solozabal | 35 | 0 | 24+2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| 25 | MF | NGA | Finidi | 43 | 12 | 34 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 1 |
| 10 | MF | ESP | Cañas | 35 | 3 | 19+8 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 4+1 | 1 |
| 7 | MF | ESP | Alexis | 42 | 5 | 31+1 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
| 22 | MF | ESP | Fernando | 38 | 2 | 22+9 | 2 | 1+2 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| 17 | MF | CRO | Jarni | 37 | 6 | 28 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| 9 | FW | ESP | Oli | 45 | 11 | 29+6 | 9 | 4 | 1 | 4+2 | 1 |
| 11 | FW | ESP | Alfonso | 41 | 15 | 30+1 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 4 |
| 13 | GK | ESP | Valerio | 4 | -5 | 2+1 | -4 | 1 | -1 |
| 14 | DF | ESP | Otero | 25 | 0 | 19+3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| 21 | DF | BIH | Vidakovic | 25 | 2 | 19 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| 12 | DF | SRB | Nadj | 31 | 1 | 17+8 | 1 | 2+1 | 0 | 1+2 | 0 |
| 2 | DF | ESP | Jaime | 23 | 0 | 15+4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0+2 | 0 |
| 8 | MF | ESP | Márquez | 27 | 1 | 12+11 | 1 | 1+1 | 0 | 1+1 | 0 |
| 4 | DF | ESP | Ureña | 19 | 1 | 10+5 | 0 | 1+1 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| 23 | FW | ESP | Cuéllar | 20 | 1 | 9+10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0+1 | 0 |
| 3 | DF | ESP | Fernández | 17 | 0 | 6+7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1+3 | 0 |
| 24 | FW | ESP | Pérez | 22 | 1 | 1+16 | 0 | 0+3 | 1 | 0+2 | 0 |
| 5 | DF | ESP | Josete | 3 | 0 | 1+1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 18 | MF | CRO | Bjelica | 5 | 0 | 0+3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0+2 | 0 |
| 29 | GK | ESP | Pinto | 1 | -2 | 0+1 | -2 | 0 | 0 |
| 19 | FW | ESP | Sabas |

1. Domènech, Joan (29 June 1997). "Barça de titanes" \[Titanic Barça\]. *Mundo Deportivo* (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 August 2016.
2. "Luis Aragones dies: Former Spain coach passes away aged 75". *The Independent*. 1 February 2014. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
3. Solozábal ya es futbolista del Betis (Solozábal is already a Betis footballer); El País, 23 July 1997 (in Spanish)
4. Pesadilla Oli (Oli nightmare); Mundo Deportivo, 11 November 1996 (in Spanish)
5. Cuéllar será baja durante cinco meses (Cuéllar out of action for five months); El País, 5 September 1995 (in Spanish)
6. "FootballSquads - Betis - 1996/97".

## InfoBox

Real Betis Balompíé
| 1997–98 season | |
| --- | --- |
| President | Manuel Ruiz de Lopera |
| Manager | Luis Aragonés |
| Stadium | Benito Villamarin |
| La Liga | 8th (in UEFA Cup) |
| Copa del Rey | Quarterfinals |
| UEFA Cup Winners' Cup | Quarterfinals |
| Top goalscorer | League: Alfonso (10)
All: Alfonso (15) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Kawasaki Brave Thunders

abstract: The Kawasaki Brave Thunders are a Japanese professional basketball team located in Kanagawa, Japan. The team currently competes in the B.League. The team was the 2016 Champion of the now dissolved Japanese National Basketball League. Several of its players have played for a diverse set of international senior national teams.

text:
# Kawasaki Brave Thunders

The **Kawasaki Brave Thunders** are a Japanese professional basketball team located in Kanagawa, Japan. The team currently competes in the B.League.

The team was the 2016 Champion of the now dissolved Japanese National Basketball League.

Several of its players have played for a diverse set of international senior national teams.

## Roster

Note: Flags indicate national team eligibility at FIBA-sanctioned events. Players may hold other non-FIBA nationalities not displayed.

| Kawasaki Brave Thunders roster | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| Pos. No. Nat. Name Ht.  Age   0  Yuma Fujii 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in)   32 – (1991-12-23)23 December 1991   7  Ryusei Shinoyama 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in)   36 – (1988-07-20)20 July 1988   11  Keisuke Masuda 1.94 m (6 ft 4 in)   26 – (1998-01-22)22 January 1998   12  Reiya Nozaki 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in)   29 – (1995-05-08)8 May 1995   18  Yuya Kamata 1.97 m (6 ft 6 in)   34 – (1990-05-11)11 May 1990   20  Thomas WImbush 2.01 m (6 ft 7 in)   30 – (1993-12-08)8 December 1993   21  Yuto Nohmi 1.82 m (6 ft 0 in)   27 – (1997-04-10)10 April 1997   22  Nick Fazekas 2.07 m (6 ft 9 in)   39 – (1985-06-17)17 June 1985   25  Rosco Allen 2.08 m (6 ft 10 in)   31 – (1993-05-05)5 May 1993   33  Takumi Hasegawa 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in)   35 – (1989-07-21)21 July 1989   F/C 35  Jordan Heath 2.08 m (6 ft 10 in)   33 – (1991-08-20)20 August 1991   G/F 37  Ryo Iida 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in)   29 – (1995-04-11)11 April 1995 | Head coach Kenji Sato
Assistant coach(es)   ---  Legend * **(C)** Team captain * Injured  ---  Updated: January 9, 2023 |

## Notable players

**To appear in this section a player must have either:**

\- Set a club record or won an individual award as a professional player.
\- Played at least one official international match for his senior national team.

## Arenas

## Practice facilities

35°32′57″N 139°41′17″E / 35.549298°N 139.688032°E / 35.549298; 139.688032

They practice at the Toshiba Komukai Gymnasium in Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki.

## InfoBox

| Kawasaki Brave Thunders | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Leagues | B.League |
| Founded | 1950 (1950) |
| History | **Toshiba Red Thunders**
**Toshiba Brave Thunders**
**Toshiba Brave Thunders Kanagawa**
**Toshiba Kawasaki Brave Thunders**
**Kawasaki Brave Thunders** |
| Arena | Todoroki Arena |
| Capacity | 6,500 |
| Location | Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan |
| Head coach | Kenji Sato (basketball) |
| Ownership | DeNA |
| Championships | 4 |
| Retired numbers | **3** (, 40, 51) |
| Website | Official website |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Kawasaki C-5

abstract: Kawasaki Aircraft Industries The Kawasaki C-5 was a 1930s Japanese civil high speed long range monoplane built for the Japanese Asahi Shimbun newspaper to gather and disseminate news across the Japanese empire.

text:
# Kawasaki C-5

The **Kawasaki C-5** (or **KDC-5**) was a 1930s Japanese civil high speed long range monoplane built for the Japanese *Asahi Shimbun* newspaper to gather and disseminate news across the Japanese empire.

## Design and development

In June 1933 the *Asahi Shimbun* ordered a fast, long range communications aircraft from Kawasaki Aircraft Industries (川崎航空機工業株式会社, *Kawasaki Kokuki Kogyo K.K.*), resulting in the Kawasaki KDC-5, which was commonly referred to as the C-5. It was a scaled-up, civilianised version of the single-seat monoplane Kawasaki Ki-5 fighter with enclosed seating for its two crew and single passenger.

The C-5 was a low wing cantilever monoplane with an all metal structure and a metal covering with fabric covered control surfaces. The wings had a large root fairing, and tapered to rounded tips with part of centre section trailing edge cut away.

It was powered by an unsupercharged BMW VIIa V12 engine built under licence by Kawasaki, with the radiator mounted under the engine. A navigator's cockpit was provided behind the pilot, while an unglazed space between them could accommodate a passenger or equipment. The C-5's tailplane was mounted at the top of the main fuselage structure and braced from below. Its fin was triangular, carrying a straight-edged, upright rudder. Both rudder and elevators were balanced.

It had a fixed tailwheel landing gear. The undercarriage legs and most of the wheels were enclosed in broad spats, unusual only in that behind the legs they were split into inner and outer panels that could be opened on landing to act as air brakes. The wheels were fitted with conventional brakes.

## Operational history

Earlier experience with the Ki-5 shortened the testing programme for the C-5. Flying from Kagamigahara, testing was carried out from the 17th to the 20th of February, 1934. The C-5 was then registered by *Asahi Shimbun*. At the time, it was the fastest Japanese civil aircraft flying, and had the greatest range, ideal for delivering news reports across the Japanese empire, at the time of the Second Sino-Japanese War. In March 1934 a non-stop flight was planned from Osaka to Xinjing (now named Changchun) in Manchuria, to bring news of celebrations of the anniversary of the creation of Manchuria, although the fuel froze not long after departure, ending the flight prematurely.

Despite this, the C-5 later set several speed and distance records. On 14 September 1934 it was flown by Mosaburo Niino and Kenjii Tsukagoshii from Beijing to Tokyo via Osaka, a distance of 2,630 km (1,630 mi) in 9 hr 34 min.

The C-5 was used by *Asahi Shimbun* alongside the Kawasaki KDA-6/A-6 biplane, an enlarged Kawasaki Army Type 92 Fighter/KDA-5.

## Specifications

*Data from* Japanese Aircraft 1910-1941

**General characteristics**

* **Crew:** two, pilot and navigator
* **Capacity:** one passenger
* **Length:** 9.13 m (29 ft 11 in)
* **Wingspan:** 13.42 m (44 ft 0 in)
* **Height:** 4.0 m (13 ft 1 in) tail up
* **Wing area:** 30 m2 (320 sq ft)
* **Airfoil:** M-12
* **Empty weight:** 1,725 kg (3,803 lb)
* **Gross weight:** 2,860 kg (6,305 lb)
* **Powerplant:** 1 × Kawasaki BMW VIIa water-cooled V-12 producing 450–560 kW (600–750 hp)
* **Propellers:** 2-bladed wooden

**Performance**

* **Maximum speed:** 336 km/h (209 mph, 182 kn)
* **Cruise speed:** 251 km/h (156 mph, 136 kn)
* **Landing speed:** 126 km/h (78 mph; 68 kn)
* **Range:** 1,070 km (660 mi, 580 nmi)
* **Service ceiling:** 7,000 m (23,000 ft)
* **Time to altitude:** 7.5 min to 3,000 m (9,800 ft)

### Citations

### Bibliography

Mikesh, Robert C.; Abe, Shorzoe (1990). *Japanese Aircraft 1910-1941*. London: Putnam. p. 155-7. ISBN 978-1557505637.

## InfoBox

| Kawasaki C-5 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Role | Civil Communucations aircraft |
| National origin | Japan |
| Manufacturer | Kawasaki |
| Designer | Shegeti Naito |
| First flight | 17 February 1934 |
| Number built | 1 |


title: Frank Williams (cricketer)

abstract: Frank Williams was a New Zealand cricketer. He played 26 first-class matches as a wicket-keeper for Otago between the 1898–99 and 1908–09 seasons. Williams was born at Bath in England in 1876. He played for the Albion club in Dunedin, where he served on the committee, and first represented Otago in a match against Southland during the 1895–96 season. He made his first-class debut for the provincial side against Canterbury in December 1898 and went on to play 26 times in first-class matches for Otago. Considered a "crack" wicket-keeper, Williams effected 48 first-class dismissals and was selected to keep wickets for the South Island against the North Island in 1901–02. Not considered much of a "recognised batsman", he scored a total of 295 first-class runs with a highest score of 39 runs, although in club cricket he batted in a "vigorous manner", this likely leading to his nickname of "Bash". He was Otago's first-choice wicket-keeper for 11 seasons, playing his final first-class match in February 1909. After his playing career was over, Williams stood as an umpire, including in first-class matches. He served on the committee of the Otago Cricket Association, was a selector for Otago teams, and was one of the selectors who chose the New Zealand teams that toured England in 1927 and 1931. In later life Williams took up lawn bowls and was a member of the St Kilda club in Dunedin. Professionally he worked as a tailor and operated a shop in Dunedin until his retirement. He died at Dunedin in 1946 leaving two sons and a daughter.

text:
# Frank Williams (cricketer)

**Frank Williams** (1876  17 July 1946) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played 26 first-class matches as a wicket-keeper for Otago between the 1898–99 and 1908–09 seasons.

Williams was born at Bath in England in 1876. He played for the Albion club in Dunedin, where he served on the committee, and first represented Otago in a match against Southland during the 1895–96 season. He made his first-class debut for the provincial side against Canterbury in December 1898 and went on to play 26 times in first-class matches for Otago.

Considered a "crack" wicket-keeper, Williams effected 48 first-class dismissals and was selected to keep wickets for the South Island against the North Island in 1901–02. Not considered much of a "recognised batsman", he scored a total of 295 first-class runs with a highest score of 39 runs, although in club cricket he batted in a "vigorous manner", this likely leading to his nickname of "Bash". He was Otago's first-choice wicket-keeper for 11 seasons, playing his final first-class match in February 1909.

After his playing career was over, Williams stood as an umpire, including in first-class matches. He served on the committee of the Otago Cricket Association, was a selector for Otago teams, and was one of the selectors who chose the New Zealand teams that toured England in 1927 and 1931.

In later life Williams took up lawn bowls and was a member of the St Kilda club in Dunedin. Professionally he worked as a tailor and operated a shop in Dunedin until his retirement. He died at Dunedin in 1946 leaving two sons and a daughter.

## InfoBox

Frank Williams
| Frank Williams in 1930 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | 1876
Bath, Somerset, England |
| Died | 17 July 1946 (aged 6970)
Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand |
| Role | Wicket-keeper |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1898/99–1908/09 | Otago |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class  Matches 26  Runs scored 297  Batting average 8.25  100s/50s 0/0  Top score 39  Catches/stumpings 32/16 | |
|  | |
| Source: CricInfo, 21 August 2019 | |


title: Kekarjawala

abstract: Kekarjawala or Kekar Jawala is a village in the Parbhani district of Maharashtra, India. It is a part of the Manwath taluka. According to the 2011 census of India, it has a population of 4,484.

text:
# Kekarjawala

**Kekarjawala** or **Kekar Jawala** is a village in the Parbhani district of Maharashtra, India. It is a part of the Manwath taluka. According to the 2011 census of India, it has a population of 4,484.

## Common Service Center

There is a Common service centre in kekarjawala where citizens of kekarjawala can avail various government services offered by government of India and government of maharashtra. The centre is operated by Mr. Santosh Kekarjawalekar.


title: Rosemarie Garland-Thomson

abstract: Rosemarie Garland-Thomson is Professor of English at Emory University with a focus on disability studies and feminist theory. Her book Extraordinary Bodies, published in 1997, is a founding text in the disability studies canon. Garland-Thomson co-directed a National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Institute on disability studies in 2000, which shaped the development of many scholars who now lead the field, and was a founding member and co-chair for two years of the Modern Language Association (MLA) Committee on Disability Issues in the Profession, which transformed the largest academic professional organization into a model of accessibility for organizations across the world. She established the field of feminist disability studies with seminal and definitional articles in feminist studies journals, including: "Integrating Disability, Transforming Feminist Theory", National Women’s Studies Association Journal (2002), which is reprinted in women’s studies and feminist textbooks and has been translated into Hebrew, Czech, and Turkish, and “Feminist Disability Studies: A Review Essay” in Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society (2005) which established a canon of feminist disability studies and set an agenda for future scholarship. Garland-Thomson travels and speaks widely on the subject of disability studies in the US and abroad and has delivered major invited lectures and keynote addresses in: South Africa, Zimbabwe, Norway, Israel, Singapore, Sweden, Budapest, Canada, Germany, Iceland, Australia, the Netherlands, France, and England. Her extensive public intellectual work has advanced disability studies outside the university, including the following: images and ideas from her book Staring: How We Look (2009) were translated into an art exhibit at Davidson College in 2009 and was profiled in The Chronicle of Higher Education; she was selected as one of Utne Reader’s 2010 “50 Visionaries Who Are Changing Your World". She has consulted and collaborated extensively about inclusion programs and initiatives with the Smithsonian Institution, the National Endowments for the Humanities and Arts, and the National Park Service on the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial; and her public scholarship pieces have appeared in well-known publications like The New York Times, The Huffington Post, and Al Jazeera. She is also frequently interviewed on the radio, for newspaper stories, and for documentary projects. In 2010, she received the Society for Disability Studies Senior Scholar Award for her contributions to building the field of disability studies.

text:
# Rosemarie Garland-Thomson

**Rosemarie Garland-Thomson** is Professor of English at Emory University with a focus on disability studies and feminist theory. Her book *Extraordinary Bodies*, published in 1997, is a founding text in the disability studies canon.

Garland-Thomson co-directed a National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Institute on disability studies in 2000, which shaped the development of many scholars who now lead the field, and was a founding member and co-chair for two years of the Modern Language Association (MLA) Committee on Disability Issues in the Profession, which transformed the largest academic professional organization into a model of accessibility for organizations across the world. She established the field of feminist disability studies with seminal and definitional articles in feminist studies journals, including: "Integrating Disability, Transforming Feminist Theory", *National Women’s Studies Association Journal* (2002), which is reprinted in women’s studies and feminist textbooks and has been translated into Hebrew, Czech, and Turkish, and “Feminist Disability Studies: A Review Essay” in *Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society* (2005) which established a canon of feminist disability studies and set an agenda for future scholarship.

Garland-Thomson travels and speaks widely on the subject of disability studies in the US and abroad and has delivered major invited lectures and keynote addresses in: South Africa, Zimbabwe, Norway, Israel, Singapore, Sweden, Budapest, Canada, Germany, Iceland, Australia, the Netherlands, France, and England. Her extensive public intellectual work has advanced disability studies outside the university, including the following: images and ideas from her book *Staring: How We Look* (2009) were translated into an art exhibit at Davidson College in 2009 and was profiled in The Chronicle of Higher Education; she was selected as one of Utne Reader’s 2010 “50 Visionaries Who Are Changing Your World". She has consulted and collaborated extensively about inclusion programs and initiatives with the Smithsonian Institution, the National Endowments for the Humanities and Arts, and the National Park Service on the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial; and her public scholarship pieces have appeared in well-known publications like *The New York Times*, *The Huffington Post*, and Al Jazeera. She is also frequently interviewed on the radio, for newspaper stories, and for documentary projects. In 2010, she received the Society for Disability Studies Senior Scholar Award for her contributions to building the field of disability studies.

## Publications

Her major publications include:

* Garland-Thomson, Rosemarie (1996). *Freakery: Cultural spectacles of the extraordinary body*. New York University Press.
* Garland-Thomson, Rosemarie (1996). *Extraordinary Bodies Figuring Physical Disability in American Culture and Literature*. Columbia University Press.
* Garland-Thomson, Rosemarie (2009). *Staring: How We Look*. Oxford University Press.
* Catapano, Peter., & Garland-Thomson, Rosemarie (2019). *About Us: Essays from the Disability Series of the New York Times*. Liveright.


abstract: State Institute of Physical Education For Women, established in 1975, is an undergraduate women's college for physical education in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. This college is affiliated to the University of Calcutta. This college offers B.P. Ed and M.P.Ed degree.

text:
# State Institute of Physical Education For Women

**State Institute of Physical Education For Women**, established in 1975, is an undergraduate women's college for physical education in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. This college is affiliated to the University of Calcutta. This college offers B.P. Ed and M.P.Ed degree.

## InfoBox

State Institute of Physical Education For Women
| Type | Undergraduate college |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 1975 (1975) |
| Affiliation | University of Calcutta |
| Address | 5B, Judges Ct Rd, Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700027, India<br>22°31′21″N 88°20′05″E / 22.5223845°N 88.3346°E / 22.5223845; 88.3346 |
| Campus | Urban |
| Website | http://www.sipew.org/ |
| Location in KolkataState Institute of Physical Education For Women (India) | |


title: Bheeshma Parvam (soundtrack)

abstract: Bheeshma Parvam is the soundtrack album for the 2022 Indian film of the same name. The soundtrack album was composed, produced and arranged by Sushin Shyam, distributed by 123 Musix and released on 7 March 2022. The album received positive feedback from music listeners and critics.

text:
# Bheeshma Parvam (soundtrack)

***Bheeshma Parvam*** is the soundtrack album for the 2022 Indian film of the same name. The soundtrack album was composed, produced and arranged by Sushin Shyam, distributed by 123 Musix and released on 7 March 2022. The album received positive feedback from music listeners and critics.

## Production

In an interview, Sushin Shyam revealed that making process of the soundtrack was a process that kept on evolving throughout the production, explaining: "When I did the teaser of *Bheeshma Parvam*, I had this idea, which wasn’t connected to the film at all. But after that, we thought of including that too in the film. So, basically it’s a process that keeps evolving, when you create a new tune, you think why not include it too. When I composed the track *Parudeesa*, it sort of gave me an idea about the music of the entire film." According to the music director:

> "When you work with Amal Neerad, he already has his own expectations of what he wants and so I have to deliver that. Sound-wise, he always wants something new. In my initial days, I used to follow what others would want from me, but now I have started to include my additions too. I had an idea about the film, so I wanted to come up with something that mixes both classical and electronic music. That’s the kind of genre I have tried to experiment with, for the songs as well as the score."

In addition to his acting role as Ami, Sreenath Bhasi sang the track "Parudeesa". The song *"Rathi Pushpam"* sung by Unni Menon was composed in 80's Synth-pop style. "we have tried to create songs of that time period. You can’t call it a spoof but you know the song structure of the 80's. For instance, I have tried to compose a song, keeping in mind how my father would tune the track. But I haven’t just tried to recreate the songs of that time period, I have also mixed it with the contemporary genre," said Sushin Shyam.

K. D. Vincent acted as the music coordinator of the project. Songs and score were mixed and mastered by Abin Paul.

## Music video

The video of the first song "Parudeesa" (featuring Sreenath Bhasi and Soubin Shahir) was released on 19 February 2022, and turned out to be an instant hit on YouTube. The video was praised for its choreography, picturisation and actors' performance. The song video of "Rathi pushpam" was released on 13 March 2022, set in the retro style of the 80's and featured Shine Tom Chacko and Ramzan Muhammed. The video garnered attention for its choreography and thematic portrayal of homosexuality. The video song of "Aakasham Pole" was released on 27 March.

## Reception

The soundtrack album received positive reviews from critics. Sajin Shrijith of *The New Indian Express* stated that "Sushin Shyam’s instantly immersive music alternates between various genres, from classical to contemporary and, at one point, evokes one of the spaghetti-western scores of Ennio Morricone". The critic *Veeyen* wrote, "Sushin Shyam’s arresting musical score leaves an extensive impression, and the upbeat track *Parudeesa* stands out from among the lot". "Rathi pushpam" was appreciated as a tribute to the 80's music. A reviewer of *Milliblog Music Weekly* wrote: "In line with the rest of the songs from the film, Sushin stays with this 80's synth sound, and in Unni Menon’s voice, this is a pleasant trip back to the disco days!" The track "Aakasham Pole" was praised for its catchy lyrics, soulful music and rendition by Hamsika Iyer and Kapil Kapilan.

## Track listing

The lyrics were penned by Rafeeq Ahamed and Vinayak Sasikumar.

*Bheeshma Parvam* (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Artist(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Be Notorious" | Rumi's Quote | Sushin Shyam,
Hamsika Iyer,
Yogi B | 2:51 |
| 2. | "Parudeesa" | Vinayak Sasikumar | Sreenath Bhasi | 4:03 |
| 3. | "Rathipushpam" | Vinayak Sasikumar | Unni Menon | 2:40 |
| 4. | "Aakasham Pole" | Rafeeq Ahamed | Hamsika Iyer,
Kapil Kapilan | 3:28 |
| 5. | "Bheeshma Parvam (Teaser Theme)" |  | Sushin Shyam, Christo Xavier | 1:16 |
| 6. | "Bheeshma Parvam (Trailer Theme)" |  | Sushin Shyam | 1:54 |
| Total length: | | | | 16:19 |

## Background score

An original soundtrack album was released separately by Amal Neerad Productions on 14 April 2022.

| Bheeshma Parvam | |
| --- | --- |
| Film score by Sushin Shyam | |
| Released | 14 April 2022 |
| Recorded | 2021-2022 |
| Genre | Film Score |
| Length | 1:21:24 |
| Language | Malayalam |
| Label | Amal Neerad Productions |
| Producer | Sushin Shyam, Christo Xavier, Saeed Abbas |
| External audio  Original Soundtrack on YouTube  Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, from Spotify | |

*Bheeshma Parvam* (Original Background Score)
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Opening" | 03:23 |
| 2. | "Peter's Theme" | 02:39 |
| 3. | "Martin's Intro" | 00:58 |
| 4. | "Story Of Prince And Elsa + Michael's Intro" | 03:20 |
| 5. | "Michael's Intro" | 00:38 |
| 6. | "Swami Sharanam" | 01:42 |
| 7. | "Family Meeting" | 04:22 |
| 8. | "Mathan's Issue" | 02:21 |
| 9. | "Susan's Theme" | 00:41 |
| 10. | "Michael In Action" | 02:25 |
| 11. | "Molly And Alice" | 00:40 |
| 12. | "Story Of Michael" | 02:12 |
| 13. | "James' Entry" | 03:44 |
| 14. | "Rajan" | 04:13 |
| 15. | "Rajan Meets Michael" | 05:31 |
| 16. | "Ami And Rachel" | 05:31 |
| 17. | "Peter Up For Something" | 02:06 |
| 18. | "Ami's Swan Song" | 05:14 |
| 19. | "Ajas' Fury" | 02:56 |
| 20. | "Michael's Revelation" | 02:17 |
| 21. | "Michael Attacked" | 05:22 |
| 22. | "ICU/Bed Of Arrows" | 02:12 |
| 23. | "Revenge" | 10:05 |
| 24. | "End Game" | 03:25 |
| 25. | "The End" | 02:01 |
| Total length: | | 01:21:24 |

## InfoBox

| Bheeshma Parvam | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Soundtrack album by Sushin Shyam | |
| Released | 7 March 2022 |
| Recorded | 2021–2022 |
| Genre | Feature film soundtrack |
| Length | 16:19 |
| Language | Malayalam |
| Label | 123 Musix |
| Producer | Sushin Shyam |
| Sushin Shyam chronology | |
| *Minnal Murali*
(2021) ***Bheeshma Parvam***
(2022) *Ariyippu*
(2022) | |
| External audio  Audio Jukebox on YouTube  Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, from Spotify | |


title: Electoral district of Fingal

abstract: The Electoral district of Fingal was a single-member electoral district of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. It was located in Fingal in Tasmania's east and also included the coastal towns of St Marys and St Helens, and inland districts such as Avoca and Mathinna. The seat was created ahead of the Assembly's first election held in 1856, and was abolished when the Tasmanian parliament adopted the Hare-Clark electoral model in 1909.

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# Electoral district of Fingal

The **Electoral district of Fingal** was a single-member electoral district of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. It was located in Fingal in Tasmania's east and also included the coastal towns of St Marys and St Helens, and inland districts such as Avoca and Mathinna.

The seat was created ahead of the Assembly's first election held in 1856, and was abolished when the Tasmanian parliament adopted the Hare-Clark electoral model in 1909.

## Members for Fingal

| Member | Term |
| --- | --- |
| Frederick von Steiglitz | 1856–1857 |
| Francis Smith | 1857–1860 |
| Francis von Steiglitz | 1860–1861 |
| James Grant | 1861–1863 |
| John Swan | 1863–1871 |
| William Gellibrand | 1871–1872 |
| Sir Adye Douglas | 1872–1884 |
| John George Davies | 1884–1909 |

* Newman, Terry (1994). *Representation of the Tasmanian People*. Tasmanian Parliamentary Library. ISBN 0-724-64147-5.
* Hughes, Colin A.; Graham, B. D. (1976). *Voting for the South Australian, Western Australian and Tasmanian Lower Houses, 1890-1964*. Canberra: Australian National University. ISBN 0-7081-1334-6.
* Parliament of Tasmania (2006). The Parliament of Tasmania from 1956 Archived 8 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine


title: Thomas Duckham

abstract: Thomas Duckham was an English farmer, cattle breeder and Liberal politician. Duckham was the second son of John Duckham of Shirehampton, Bristol and was educated at private schools at Bristol and Hereford. He was a tenant farmer at Baysham Court, near Ross and was a stock breeder of pedigree of Hereford cattle. In partnership with Thomas Treherne, he built St Nicholas Church and the city gaol, in Gaol Street, Hereford. He founded the Central and Associated Chambers of Agriculture of which he became chairman in 1883. He was also a member of the Councils of Central Chamber of Agriculture at Bath and west of England and of the Herefordshire Agricultural Society. For twenty years he edited the Hereford Herd Book. He became JP for Herefordshire. In 1880 Duckham was elected Member of Parliament for Herefordshire. The seat was replaced under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 and in 1885 he was elected MP for Leominster which he held until 1886. He was an alderman of Herefordshire County Council from 1888 and a member of the Ross Board of guardians. He was also chairman of the Ross Highway Board for 15 years. Duckham died at his residence at Holmer, Herefordshire 2 March 1902, at the age of 85. Duckham married a widow, Mrs. Anne Yeomans, in 1845. Anne Yeomans had first been married to John Yeomans (1803–1842) of Moreton, another noted breeder of Hereford cattle, and whose family features strongly in the history of the Hereford breed. He was the son of Richard Yeomans (1767–1833) and grandson of John Yeomans (1736–1798) of Howton Court. Anne Duckham, late Yeomans née Morgan, died in 1894. She was the mother of Thomas Duckham's daughter, Ellen.

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# Thomas Duckham

**Thomas Duckham** (26 September 1816 – 2 March 1902) was an English farmer, cattle breeder and Liberal politician.

Duckham was the second son of John Duckham of Shirehampton, Bristol and was educated at private schools at Bristol and Hereford. He was a tenant farmer at Baysham Court, near Ross and was a stock breeder of pedigree of Hereford cattle. In partnership with Thomas Treherne, he built St Nicholas Church and the city gaol, in Gaol Street, Hereford. He founded the Central and Associated Chambers of Agriculture of which he became chairman in 1883. He was also a member of the Councils of Central Chamber of Agriculture at Bath and west of England and of the Herefordshire Agricultural Society. For twenty years he edited the Hereford Herd Book. He became JP for Herefordshire.

In 1880 Duckham was elected Member of Parliament for Herefordshire. The seat was replaced under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 and in 1885 he was elected MP for Leominster which he held until 1886. He was an alderman of Herefordshire County Council from 1888 and a member of the Ross Board of guardians. He was also chairman of the Ross Highway Board for 15 years.

Duckham died at his residence at Holmer, Herefordshire 2 March 1902, at the age of 85.

Duckham married a widow, Mrs. Anne Yeomans, in 1845. Anne Yeomans (née Morgan) had first been married to John Yeomans (1803–1842) of Moreton, another noted breeder of Hereford cattle, and whose family features strongly in the history of the Hereford breed. He was the son of Richard Yeomans (1767–1833) and grandson of John Yeomans (1736–1798) of Howton Court. Anne Duckham, late Yeomans née Morgan, died in 1894. She was the mother of Thomas Duckham's daughter, Ellen.


title: Bernard Takawira

abstract: Bernard Takawira (1948–1997) was a Zimbabwean sculptor, the younger brother of John Takawira and older brother of Lazarus Takawira. Takawira was born in the mountainous Nyanga district, third of six children. Their father was often absent for work, and their mother, Mai, assumed a dominant role. She was well known for her knowledge of Shona myths and stories, and would share them with her sons; these tales had a deep influence in both John and Bernard's careers as sculptors. Bernard trained as an agricultural advisor to the government after leaving school, but was encouraged by John to try carving stone. John introduced him to Frank McEwen, who was running a workshop in Vukutu at the time. Takawira soon began spending all of his free time at the workshop, where he learned much; in 1977 he left his governmental position to begin sculpting full-time. Stylistically, Takawira's sculptures show evidence of a great interior struggle between Christianity and Shona culture, a battle which affected the artist for much of his life. Many of his works take as their subject abstract themes such as patience, humility, and integrity. Takawira died in 1997.

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# Bernard Takawira

**Bernard Takawira** (1948–1997) was a Zimbabwean sculptor, the younger brother of John Takawira and older brother of Lazarus Takawira.

Takawira was born in the mountainous Nyanga district, third of six children. Their father was often absent for work, and their mother, Mai, assumed a dominant role. She was well known for her knowledge of Shona myths and stories, and would share them with her sons; these tales had a deep influence in both John and Bernard's careers as sculptors.

Bernard trained as an agricultural advisor to the government after leaving school, but was encouraged by John to try carving stone. John introduced him to Frank McEwen, who was running a workshop in Vukutu at the time. Takawira soon began spending all of his free time at the workshop, where he learned much; in 1977 he left his governmental position to begin sculpting full-time.

Stylistically, Takawira's sculptures show evidence of a great interior struggle between Christianity and Shona culture, a battle which affected the artist for much of his life. Many of his works take as their subject abstract themes such as patience, humility, and integrity.

Takawira died in 1997.


title: Rooigembeek

abstract: The Rooigembeek is a small stream in East Flanders, Belgium. It is a right tributary of the Wallebeek, which is a left tributary of the Scheldt. In its upper course, it is called Leedsebeek. In British texts about the 1708 Battle of Oudenaarde, the stream is called Norken River, possibly after the Flemish village Nokere, some 9 kilometres (6 mi) away. Its source is in Wortegem, west of Oudenaarde. It flows in northwestern direction, and flows into the Wallebeek in Asper, north of Oudenaarde. The Rooigembeek is about 12 kilometres (7 mi) long.

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# Rooigembeek

The **Rooigembeek** is a small stream in East Flanders, Belgium. It is a right tributary of the Wallebeek, which is a left tributary of the Scheldt. In its upper course, it is called *Leedsebeek*. In British texts about the 1708 Battle of Oudenaarde, the stream is called *Norken River*, possibly after the Flemish village Nokere (Kruishoutem municipality), some 9 kilometres (6 mi) away.

Its source is in Wortegem (Wortegem-Petegem municipality), west of Oudenaarde. It flows in northwestern direction, and flows into the Wallebeek in Asper (Gavere municipality), north of Oudenaarde. The Rooigembeek is about 12 kilometres (7 mi) long.

## InfoBox

| Rooigembeek | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Country | Belgium |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth | Wallebeek |
| coordinates | 50°54′58″N 3°38′51″E / 50.9160°N 3.6475°E / 50.9160; 3.6475 |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | WallebeekScheldtNorth Sea |


title: Ed Valenti

abstract: Ed Valenti is an American television personality and entrepreneur best known as an early pioneer of infomercials and for creating the Ginsu knives. In 1975, Valenti and his business partner Barry Becher founded Dial Media, Inc., one of the first major infomercial companies in the world. Valenti is credited with coining a number of phrases widely adopted by the industry, including: “But wait, there’s more!”, “Now how much would you pay?” and “This is a limited-time offer, so call now.”

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# Ed Valenti

**Ed Valenti** is an American television personality and entrepreneur best known as an early pioneer of infomercials and for creating the Ginsu knives. In 1975, Valenti and his business partner Barry Becher founded Dial Media, Inc. (now PriMedia Inc), one of the first major infomercial companies in the world. Valenti is credited with coining a number of phrases widely adopted by the industry, including: “But wait, there’s more!”, “Now how much would you pay?” and “This is a limited-time offer, so call now.”

## Books

* "The Wisdom of Ginsu: Carve Yourself a Piece of the American Dream". Career Press (March 2005). ISBN 978-1564148032

## InfoBox

| Ed Valenti | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |


title: Chris Plewman

abstract: Christel Plewman was a South African judge who served in the Supreme Court of Appeal from 1996 to 2001. Formerly an advocate and Senior Counsel in Johannesburg, he also served in the Witwatersrand Local Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa.

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# Chris Plewman

**Christel Plewman** (19 March 1927 – 27 June 2017) was a South African judge who served in the Supreme Court of Appeal from 1996 to 2001. Formerly an advocate and Senior Counsel in Johannesburg, he also served in the Witwatersrand Local Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa.

Plewman was born in Boksburg. He matriculated at Selborne College in East London in 1944 and went on to the University of the Witwatersrand, where he completed a BCom in 1948 and an LLB in 1951.

Plewman joined the Johannesburg Bar in 1952. During the first two decades of his career, he served as junior counsel in several prominent criminal trials, with clients including Barend van Niekerk (under Sydney Kentridge) and the Treason Trial defendants (under Isie Maisels). However, after taking silk in June 1972, he developed a commercial law practice, focusing primarily on intellectual property and patent law. He also represented the Bar on the government committees which drafted the Patents Act and Copyright Act of 1978.

## Judicial career

In 1991, Plewman accepted appointment as a judge of the Witwatersrand Local Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa. On 1 September 1996, he was elevated to the Supreme Court's Appellate Division (later the Supreme Court of Appeal), where he was viewed as an authority on intellectual property jurisprudence. He also succeeded Frikkie Eloff as chairman of the board of Legal Aid until September 1998, when he was replaced by Mahomed Navsa.

## Retirement and personal life

Plewman retired from the judiciary in 2001. However, he continued to work as an arbitrator and to serve as an acting judge in the Botswana and Lesotho Courts of Appeal. He died on 27 June 2017 at the age of 90.

He was married to Gillian Plewman and had three children, named Nicholas, Thomas, and Lisa.

## InfoBox

| Chris Plewman | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Judge of the Supreme Court of Appeal | |
| **In office**
1 September 1996  2001 | |
| Appointed by | Nelson Mandela |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Christel Plewman
(1927-03-19)19 March 1927
Boksburg, Transvaal
Union of South Africa |
| Died | 27 June 2017(2017-06-27) (aged 90) |
| Spouse | Gillian Plewman |
| Education | Selborne College |
| Alma mater | University of the Witwatersrand |
|  | |


title: Chris-Craft Industries

abstract: Chris-Craft Industries, Inc., formerly National Automotive Fibers, Inc., was a publicly held American corporation that was traded on the New York and Pacific Stock Exchanges. In 1962, the company adopted the name of one of its acquisitions, Chris-Craft Boats, which was founded in the late 19th century and became famous for mahogany-hulled powerboats in the 1920s through the 1950s. Chris-Craft Industries also went into broadcasting, owning television stations via its subsidiary BHC Communications and co-founding the UPN TV network.

text:
# Chris-Craft Industries

**Chris-Craft Industries, Inc.**, formerly **National Automotive Fibers, Inc.**, was a publicly held American corporation that was traded on the New York and Pacific Stock Exchanges. In 1962, the company adopted the name of one of its acquisitions, Chris-Craft Boats, which was founded in the late 19th century and became famous for mahogany-hulled powerboats in the 1920s through the 1950s. Chris-Craft Industries also went into broadcasting, owning television stations via its subsidiary BHC Communications and co-founding the UPN TV network.

## History

### National Automotive Fibers

National Automotive Fibers (NAF) was formed in Detroit in 1928 as a manufacturer of upholstery, carpeting, interior trim and plastic products for the automobile companies Chrysler Motors, Ford Motors and Studebaker-Packard. While successful, the company was only a minor automotive supplier. In the 1940s, NAF purchased the Montrose Chemical Company of San Francisco, but it was still centered on the auto industry. In 1956, the company suffered a major loss of $1 million against sales of $46 million. Paul V. Shields, a senior partner of Shields & Company, a Wall Street investment firm, acquired the company as he saw that NAF was overdependent on the auto industry but had growth potential. Shields trimmed NAF's product line and diversified the company into oil and gas operations, television and radio broadcasting. With this diverse portfolio, the company was renamed the NAFI Corporation in 1959. This brought a record profit of $1 million against lowered sales with assets of $10 million. NAF and Bing Crosby teamed up to purchase a television station, KPTV in Portland, Oregon, for $4 million on September 1, 1959. A Bing Crosby–led group sold Los Angeles' KCOP-TV in 1960 to the corporation.

### Chris-Craft Industries

Chris-Craft Boats was an independent company until it was acquired by Shields & Company's NAFI Corporation in 1960 and merged with NAFI. They renamed the merged company in 1962 as Chris-Craft Industries, Incorporated. In 1962, the company acquired the Old Crown Brewing Corporation, a brewery company based in Fort Wayne, Indiana. Old Crown was sold to its employees a short time later.

In 1964, Chris-Craft launched the all-fiberglass Chris-Craft Commander. This dramatic new design was unveiled at the New York City National Boat show, perched at the top of an escalator on a giant, castered cradle. This first Commander was a 38' express hardtop with a 13' beam. The line of Commanders soon grew to include sizes ranging from 19' to 60'—all "styled in fiberglass."

In 1968, Baldwin-Montrose Chemical Co., Inc., took a controlling interest in Chris-Craft and installed its chairman, Herbert J. Siegel, as Chris-Craft's chairman.

In 1977, Chris-Craft Industries formed BHC, Inc., to hold its two existing television stations, KCOP in Los Angeles and KPTV in Portland, Oregon, both placed within BHC's Chris-Craft Television, Inc., subsidiary. That same year, Chris-Craft purchased a share of 20th Century Fox. The company attempted in 1979 a hostile take over of 20th Century Fox but failed. In 1981, the 20th Century Fox share, then at 20 percent, was traded to Marvin Davis and Marc Rich for 19 percent of United Television.

Between the 1960s and 1980s, Chris-Craft lost market share as competitors with more innovative designs and less expensive manufacturing techniques, such as fiberglass hulls, came on the scene. Chris-Craft ended production of its last mahogany-hulled boat, the *Constellation,* in 1971.

Chris-Craft Industries sold its boat division to Murray Industries in 1981. Chris-Craft Industries retained the Chris-Craft trademark and licensed it to Murray.

After Chris-Craft sold its boat division, it focused solely on its broadcast division. In 1992, BHC acquired Pinelands, an MCA spin off company that owned WWOR-TV in the New York City area, that MCA was forced to spin off the station due to the acquisition of MCA by Japanese multinational conglomerate Matsushita Electric (now Panasonic), and which foreign companies are prohibited from owning more than 25 percent of a television station. In 1994, BHC and Paramount Television announced the formation of the fifth television network United Paramount Network (UPN). The network, targeted toward the young male demographic group, premiered in early 1995 and offered four hours of original prime-time programming per week. The following year original programming was increased to six hours per week. As part of the agreement, Chris-Craft owned 100 percent of UPN, with Paramount having the option to acquire an equal share through January 15, 1997. In 1997, Viacom acquired a 50 percent interest in UPN for $160 million.

In the late 1990s, BHC acquired two television stations, WHSW (now WUTB) in Baltimore, Maryland, and WRBW in Orlando, Florida, it resulted in the increase of BHC's number of television stations to ten.

In 1999, Viacom announced plans to merge with CBS Corporation. Because of a regulation upheld by the FCC years ago, prohibiting companies from owning two broadcast networks. Viacom's announcement raised questions regarding the future of Chris-Craft and Viacom's joint ownership of UPN. In Viacom and Chris-Craft's original agreement, two options for exiting the partnership had been determined—buying out the other partner or paying for what the partner had invested up to that date and providing funds for the future operation of UPN. Either option would cost Viacom substantial sums of money. Industry analysts agreed that Chris-Craft could emerge the winner and offered other possible scenarios: that Viacom might offer Chris-Craft some of its stations in exchange for severing the partnership or that Chris-Craft might sell Viacom's share to another company.

However after the Viacom-CBS merger was completed in 2000, a lawsuit was filed by BHC against the Viacom-CBS merger as BHC saw this as a breach of the UPN partnership. BHC lost the suit and sold its remaining ownership in UPN to Viacom for $5 million. Shortly thereafter, Chris-Craft announced that it was getting out of broadcasting after losing $500 million on UPN, the possibility of UPN shutting down or having their affiliation pulled. Many industry observers thought Viacom would end up getting the stations, but Viacom's bid lost out to News Corporation's Fox Television Stations, resulting in a sale which closed on July 31, 2001.

## InfoBox

Chris-Craft Industries, Inc.
| Formerly | National Automotive Fibers, Inc. |
| --- | --- |
| Company type | Public |
| Traded as | NYSE: CCN |
| Industry | Manufacturing
Broadcasting |
| Founded | 1928 (1928) |
| Defunct | 2001 (2001) |
| Fate | Sold to News Corporation |
| Successor | News Corporation (2001–2013)
21st Century Fox (2013–2019)
Fox Corporation (2019–present) |
| Headquarters | New York, New York, USA |
| Products | Boats, hospital laundry bags, carpet fibers, insulation, and chemical products |
| Revenue | $467.1 million (1998) |
| Divisions | Chris-Craft Boats
Roamer Steel Boats Division |
| Subsidiaries | BHC Communications, Inc. (79.96%)
Chris-Craft Industrial Products, Inc. |
| **Footnotes / references**
 | |