title: Rudge-Whitworth

abstract: Rudge Whitworth Cycles was a British bicycle, bicycle saddle, motorcycle and sports car wheel manufacturer that resulted from the merger of two bicycle manufacturers in 1894, Whitworth Cycle Co. of Birmingham, founded by Charles Henry Pugh and his two sons Charles Vernon and John, and Rudge Cycle Co. of Coventry. Rudge motorcycles were produced from 1911 to 1946. The firm was known for its innovations in engine and transmission design, and its racing successes. Their sales motto was "Rudge it, do not trudge it." The company also produced the first detachable wire wheel in 1907, and was known for its knockoff wheels on sports cars; that brand continued well into the 1960s.

text:
# Rudge-Whitworth

**Rudge Whitworth Cycles** was a British bicycle, bicycle saddle, motorcycle and sports car wheel manufacturer that resulted from the merger of two bicycle manufacturers in 1894, Whitworth Cycle Co. of Birmingham, founded by Charles Henry Pugh and his two sons Charles Vernon and John, and Rudge Cycle Co. of Coventry (which descended from a bicycle company founded by Daniel Rudge of Wolverhampton).

Rudge motorcycles were produced from 1911 to 1946. The firm was known for its innovations in engine and transmission design, and its racing successes. Their sales motto was "Rudge it, do not trudge it."

The company also produced the first detachable wire wheel in 1907, and was known for its knockoff wheels on sports cars; that brand continued well into the 1960s.

## Wire wheels

In the early 1900s John Pugh, son of company founder Charles Pugh and a pioneer motorist, decided that there had to be a better way of dealing with punctured tyres than having to change the tyre with the wheel still fixed to the car. In competition with Victor Riley of the Riley Cycle Company they both designed a detachable wheel locked in place by a single large nut. Pugh was granted a patent for his wheel in 1908. There were detailed differences in the design resulting in legal disputes between the two companies over the intellectual rights to the detachable wheel. Pugh eventually lost the dispute following appeal to the House of Lords.

The design of the centerlock hub has three main elements - a splined hub to locate the wheel and two mating cones, one at the inner end which centres the wheel and the other at the nut end. These cones transmit the majority of the torque to the wheel freeing the splines of much of the load. One of the key features of the Pugh design is that it is self-tightening. The wheels on the right side of the car have a left hand thread on the nut and vice versa. If the wheel becomes loose the tendency is for the locking nut to tighten and hold the wheel securely.

The system was taken up enthusiastically by the racing fraternity where the advantage of a quick-change wheel was obvious. At the 1908 Isle of Man TT race, 21 of the 35 entrants used Rudge-Whitworth wheels, and only one of the finishers didn't. By 1913, the use of detachable wire wheels was universal in grands prix.

After World War II the rights to the Rudge-Whitworth wheel was acquired by Jaguar Cars.

## Bicycles

In 1938, Rudge-Whitworth sponsored Billie Fleming to attempt the distance record for the most miles covered in a year. They provided a bicycle with three-speed derailleur gears and a cyclometer, as well as financial support so that she could cycle for 365 days continuously. Her record of 29,603.7 miles (47,642.5 km) still stood at her death, aged 100 in 2014.

## Motorcycles

Selling re-badged Werners in 1909, the company went on to produce their first motorcycle in 1911, a single-cylinder F-head 500 cc (31 cu in) bike.

In 1915, a 1,000 cc (61 cu in) bike, using a Jardine four-speed gearbox, was released, followed by a 1000 cc Multigear. In 1923, the company introduced an in-house manufactured 4-speed gearbox to replace the Jardine, and Multigear production ended.

### Rudge Multigear

In 1912, the belt-driven 499 cc (30.5 cu in) Multigear was released, using variable groove-depth pulleys to provide 21 forward gear ratios, with top gear as high as 2.75:1. (The Zenith Gradua and 1907 FN 244 cc single used a similar system.) In 1913, a 750 cc (46 cu in) Multigear was released. In 1914, Cyril Pullin won the Isle of Man TT on a Rudge Multigear. Together with the Zenith-Gradua this was one of the first continuously variable transmissions (CVT).

In 1923, Multigear production ended.

### Rudge Four

The single-cylinder 350 cc (21 cu in) Rudge Four, named for having four speeds and four valves, showed markedly superior performance to the competition on release, having more power than its 500 cc (31 cu in) predecessor. Rudge engineer George Hack is said to have taken his design idea from the four-valve Triumph Ricardo (produced from 1921 to 1928). He designed a four-valve head for Rudge, and in 1924 they produced their first four-valve cylinder head on a 350 cc engine. The valves were arranged in parallel, and were not radial.

In 1925, a 500 cc version with linked front and rear brakes appeared, and the big end bearings were now fed oil through the crankshaft pin. The old 350 cc was dropped in 1926. For 1928 Rudge motorcycles were fitted with saddle tanks, and 8-inch internal expanding drum brakes. Stanley Glanfield designed a Rudge for dirt racing, marketed from 1928 as the Glanfield Rudge.

### Racing

#### Ulster Grand Prix

In 1928 Graham Walker won the Ulster Grand Prix averaging over 80 mph. This prompted the release of the Rudge Ulster, as well as a JAP-engined 250 cc and parallel 4-valve 350 cc. The Ulster was one of their most famous models.

#### 1930s Isle of Man TT victories

Rudge bikes finished first, second and third at the 1930 Junior TT using prototype radial 350 cc 4-valve engines. They also took first and second in the Senior TT. The road bike engines were changed to dry sump lubrication. The JAP 250 and the parallel four-valve 350 cc ended production in this year.

In 1931 Rudge released its first 250 cc and 350 cc road machines with the radial-valve layout. TT Replicas were available in 350 cc and 500 cc. The parallel-valve 50 cc was also available in Special and Ulster models, the Ulster now having a 100 mph guarantee. First and second were taken in the 1931 Lightweight TT, and in 1932, second and third.

A radial-head 500 cc was produced for 1932 only. A 250 cc TT Replica was built, and the road bikes were fitted with proper oil bath primary chains, and a stand that could be operated "with just one finger".

#### Motorcycle speedway

During the 1920s and early 1930s, Rudge motorcycles were also popular in motorcycle speedway. Those who rode them during their career included 1938 World Champion Bluey Wilkinson of Australia, who started his speedway career in 1928 on a battered old belt-driven Rudge.

## Rudge Cyclecar

Between 1912 and 1913 the company entered the booming cyclecar market. Their car used the Rudge multi-speed transmission, with belt drive throughout, offering ratios ranging from 14 to 1 to 3.5 to 1. The ratios were selected by a lever working in a gate which divided the gear range into ten different ratios. The engine was an air-cooled 750 cc single cylinder engine with a bore of 85mm and stroke of 132mm fitted with a Senspray carburettor. The price in 1912 was 135 guineas.

There are reports that the two seat bodies had the seats staggered to fit in the narrow body, but this is not evident from the photograph taken at the 1912 Olympia Motor Cycle and Cycle Car show.

## Decline

With the depression biting, 1933 was the last year of production for dirt-track bikes, and the TT Replicas. The Ulster 500 cc was fitted with a "semi-radial" (parallel valves with radial ports) cast-iron head. For 1934 the Ulster had its head cast in aluminium bronze, and a radial four-valve 250 cc Sports was released. Rudge motorcycles took the first three places in the 1934 Lightweight TT.

A two-valve 250 cc was produced in 1935, and in 1936 the last of the radial four-valve 250 cc model were produced, while round-tube forks were introduced on other models. In 1937 the valve gear became fully enclosed on the 500 cc models, but finances were bad and Rudge was bought by EMI, and production was interrupted, being moved to Hayes, Hillingdon in Middlesex.

A 250 cc two-valve Sports was released in 1938, and for early 1939 the Ulster had an RR50 aluminium cylinder head. Production ceased in December 1939, to convert to radar production for the war effort.

## InfoBox

Rudge-Whitworth
|
|  |
| Predecessor | Rudge Cycle Co, Whitworth Cycle Co |
| Founded | 1894 merger of predecessors |
| Founder | Daniel Rudge, Charles H Pugh |
| Defunct | 1946 |
| Headquarters | Coventry, Birmingham, United Kingdom |
| Key people | C H, C V and John Pugh |
| Products | Bicycles, motorcycles, wheels |


title: Borris House

abstract: Borris House is an Irish country house near Borris, County Carlow. It is the ancestral home of the McMorrough-Kavanagh family.

text:
# Borris House

**Borris House** is an Irish country house near Borris, County Carlow. It is the ancestral home of the McMorrough-Kavanagh family.

## Notable births

## Bibliography

52°35′54″N 6°55′36″W / 52.59846°N 6.92660°W / 52.59846; -6.92660

## InfoBox

| Borris House | |
| --- | --- |
| The main gates of Borris House | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Type | Country House |
| Architectural style | Tudor Revival |
| Location | Borris, County Carlow, Ireland |
| Completed | 1731 |
| Renovated | 1820 |
| Owner | McMorrough-Kavanagh family |
| Website | |
| https://borrishouse.ie/ | |


# Rowing at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's coxless four

The women's four competition at the 2022 Asian Games in Hangzhou, China was held on 20 & 24 September at the Fuyang Water Sports Centre.

## Schedule

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)

| Date | Time | Event |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Wednesday, 20 September 2023 | 10:30 | Preliminary race |
| Sunday, 24 September 2023 | 10:50 | Final |

## Results

### Preliminary race

* **Qualification:** 1–6 → Final (**FA**)

| Rank | Team | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | China (CHN)
Zhang Shuxian
Liu Xiaoxin
Wang Zifeng
Xu Xingye | 6:33.40 | FA |
| 2 | Japan (JPN)
Sahoko Kinota
Akiho Takano
Haruna Sakakibara
Sayaka Chujo | 6:38.05 | FA |
| 3 | Vietnam (VIE)
Phạm Thị Huệ
Đinh Thị Hảo
Hà Thị Vui
Dư Thị Bông | 6:39.89 | FA |
| 4 | Hong Kong (HKG)
Wong Lok Yiu
Hui Wing Ki
Cheung Hoi Lam
Leung King Wan | 6:54.33 | FA |
| 5 | Thailand (THA)
Jirakon Phuetthonglang
Nattariwan Nunchai
Piyamon Toemsuk
Jirakit Phuetthonglang | 7:02.38 | FA |
| 6 | India (IND)
Aswathi P. B.
Mrunmayee Salgaonkar
Thangjam Priya Devi
Rukmani | 7:09.07 | FA |

### Final

| Rank | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | China (CHN)
Zhang Shuxian
Liu Xiaoxin
Wang Zifeng
Xu Xingye | 6:42.03 |
|  | Japan (JPN)
Sahoko Kinota
Akiho Takano
Haruna Sakakibara
Sayaka Chujo | 6:47.04 |
|  | Vietnam (VIE)
Phạm Thị Huệ
Đinh Thị Hảo
Hà Thị Vui
Dư Thị Bông | 6:52.35 |
| 4 | Hong Kong (HKG)
Wong Lok Yiu
Hui Wing Ki
Cheung Hoi Lam
Leung King Wan | 7:04.85 |
| 5 | India (IND)
Aswathi P. B.
Mrunmayee Salgaonkar
Thangjam Priya Devi
Rukmani | 7:12.40 |
| 6 | Thailand (THA)
Jirakon Phuetthonglang
Nattariwan Nunchai
Piyamon Toemsuk
Jirakit Phuetthonglang | 7:16.89 |

## InfoBox

| Women's coxless four
at the 2022 Asian Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Fuyang Water Sports Centre |
| Date | 20–24 September 2023 |
| Competitors | 24 from 6 nations |
| Medalists | |
|  | |
|


# Rowing at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's quadruple sculls

The women's quadruple sculls competition at the 2022 Asian Games in Hangzhou, China was held on 20 & 25 September at the Fuyang Water Sports Centre.

## Schedule

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)

| Date | Time | Event |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Wednesday, 20 September 2023 | 16:30 | Preliminary race |
| Monday, 25 September 2023 | 10:30 | Final |

## Results

### Preliminary race

* **Qualification:** 1–5 → Final (**FA**)

| Rank | Team | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | China (CHN)
Chen Yunxia
Zhang Ling
Lü Yang
Cui Xiaotong | 6:43.94 | FA |
| 2 | Iran (IRI)
Fatemeh Mojallal
Nazanin Malaei
Mahsa Javar
Zeinab Norouzi | 6:55.02 | FA |
| 3 | Vietnam (VIE)
Lường Thị Thảo
Bùi Thị Thu Hiền
Nguyễn Thị Giang
Phạm Thị Thảo | 7:02.11 | FA |
| 4 | Kazakhstan (KAZ)
Anzhela Polyanina
Melani Zhakupova
Svetlana Germanovich
Mariya Chernets | 7:03.37 | FA |
| 5 | Indonesia (INA)
Julianti
Nurtang
Chelsea Corputty
Mutiara Rahma Putri | 7:50.70 | FA |

### Final

| Rank | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | China (CHN)
Chen Yunxia
Zhang Ling
Lü Yang
Cui Xiaotong | 6:42.84 |
|  | Iran (IRI)
Fatemeh Mojallal
Nazanin Malaei
Mahsa Javar
Zeinab Norouzi | 6:51.82 |
|  | Vietnam (VIE)
Lường Thị Thảo
Bùi Thị Thu Hiền
Nguyễn Thị Giang
Phạm Thị Thảo | 6:54.84 |
| 4 | Indonesia (INA)
Julianti
Nurtang
Chelsea Corputty
Mutiara Rahma Putri | 6:56.50 |
| 5 | Kazakhstan (KAZ)
Anzhela Polyanina
Melani Zhakupova
Svetlana Germanovich
Mariya Chernets | 7:07.50 |

## InfoBox

| Women's quadruple sculls
at the 2022 Asian Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Fuyang Water Sports Centre |
| Date | 20–25 September 2023 |
| Competitors | 20 from 5 nations |
| Medalists | |
|  | |
|


# Rowing at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's eight

The women's eight competition at the 2022 Asian Games in Hangzhou, China was held at 20 & 25 September at the Fuyang Water Sports Centre.

## Schedule

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)

| Date | Time | Event |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Wednesday, 20 September 2023 | 17:00 | Preliminary race |
| Monday, 25 September 2023 | 11:20 | Final |

## Results

### Preliminary race

* **Qualification:** 1–5 → Final (**FA**)

| Rank | Team | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | China (CHN)
Zhang Shuxian
Yu Siyuan
Bao Lijun
Dong Xiya
Zhang Hairong
Liu Xiaoxin
Wang Zifeng
Xu Xingye
Xu Xiaohan | 6:24.98 | FA |
| 2 | Vietnam (VIE)
Hồ Thị Lý
Trần Thị Kiệt
Phạm Thị Ngọc Anh
Lê Thị Hiền
Hà Thị Vui
Đinh Thị Hảo
Phạm Thị Huệ
Dư Thị Bông
Nguyễn Lâm Kiều Diễm | 6:33.28 | FA |
| 3 | Japan (JPN)
Sayaka Chujo
Chiaki Tomita
Urara Kakishima
Emi Hirouchi
Akiho Takano
Sahoko Kinota
Shiho Yonekawa
Haruna Sakakibara
Saki Senda | 6:36.42 | FA |
| 4 | India (IND)
Sonali Swain
Ritu Kaudi
Thangjam Priya Devi
Varsha K. B.
Aswathi P. B.
Mrunmayee Salgaonkar
Haobijam Tendenthoi Devi
Rukmani
Geetanjali Gurugubelli | 6:41.37 | FA |
| 5 | Thailand (THA)
Nattariwan Nunchai
Jirakon Phuetthonglang
Jirakit Phuetthonglang
Matinee Raruen
Rawiwan Sukkaew
Piyamon Toemsuk
Nuntida Krajangjam
Parisa Chaempudsa
Phumiphat Hangkasee | 7:05.52 | FA |

### Final

| Rank | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | China (CHN)
Zhang Shuxian
Yu Siyuan
Bao Lijun
Dong Xiya
Zhang Hairong
Liu Xiaoxin
Wang Zifeng
Xu Xingye
Xu Xiaohan | 6:33.61 |
|  | Japan (JPN)
Emi Hirouchi
Urara Kakishima
Chiaki Tomita
Akiho Takano
Haruna Sakakibara
Sahoko Kinota
Shiho Yonekawa
Sayaka Chujo
Saki Senda | 6:44.15 |
|  | Vietnam (VIE)
Hồ Thị Lý
Trần Thị Kiệt
Phạm Thị Ngọc Anh
Lê Thị Hiền
Hà Thị Vui
Đinh Thị Hảo
Phạm Thị Huệ
Dư Thị Bông
Nguyễn Lâm Kiều Diễm | 6:48.21 |
| 4 | Thailand (THA)
Nattariwan Nunchai
Jirakon Phuetthonglang
Jirakit Phuetthonglang
Matinee Raruen
Rawiwan Sukkaew
Piyamon Toemsuk
Nuntida Krajangjam
Parisa Chaempudsa
Phumiphat Hangkasee | 6:49.85 |
| 5 | India (IND)
Sonali Swain
Ritu Kaudi
Thangjam Priya Devi
Varsha K. B.
Aswathi P. B.
Mrunmayee Salgaonkar
Haobijam Tendenthoi Devi
Rukmani
Geetanjali Gurugubelli | 7:05.71 |

## InfoBox

| Women's eight
at the 2022 Asian Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Fuyang Water Sports Centre |
| Date | 20–25 September 2023 |
| Competitors | 45 from 5 nations |
| Medalists | |
|  | |
|


title: Rozaimi Azwar

abstract: Mohammad Rozaimi Azwar bin Mat Noor is a Malaysian professional footballer. Rozaimi plays mainly as a central midfielder but can also play as an attacking midfielder.

text:
# Rozaimi Azwar

**Mohammad Rozaimi Azwar bin Mat Noor** (born 23 January 1993) is a Malaysian professional footballer. Rozaimi plays mainly as a central midfielder but can also play as an attacking midfielder.

## Club career

Born and raised in Rantau Panjang located near the Malaysia-Thailand border state of Kelantan, Rozaimi began his career with Perlis U-21 in 2012. In 2013, Rozaimi joined Kelantan U-21 and was part of the team that won 2013 Malaysia President's Cup. He was selected as man of the match in the final after scoring the winning goal for his side against Perak U-21 at Sultan Muhammad IV Stadium on 12 October 2013.

After showing a good performances with the Kelantan's youth team, he was called by the head coach at that time, George Boateng to train with the first team for 2014 Malaysia Cup campaign. In 2015, Rozaimi has been promoted to the Kelantan's first team for 2015 Malaysia Super League campaign but did not make any appearances.

In May 2015, Rozaimi was loaned to Malaysia Premier League side Sabah until end of the 2015 season.

After returned from Sabah at the end of the 2015 season, Rozaimi signed one-year loan deal with Putrajaya based club, MOF FC and made his debut in 2–2 draw against KDMM on 11 May 2016. He made 6 appearances for MOF FC before returned to Kelantan at the end of the season.

On 8 April 2017, Rozaimi made his league debut for Kelantan in 1–2 defeat against Pahang in Sultan Muhammad IV Stadium.

He was released by Kelantan in April 2018.

## Career statistics

### Club

*As of 9 September 2017.*

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | Cup | | League Cup | | Continental | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Kelantan | 2015 | Malaysia Super League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | | 0 | 0 |
| | 2017 | Malaysia Super League | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |  | | 11 | 0 |
| | 2018 | Malaysia Super League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | | 0 | 0 |
| | Total | | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |  |  | 11 | 0 |
| Sabah (loan) | 2015 | Malaysia Premier League | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | | 3 | 0 |
| | Total | | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 3 | 0 |
| MOF FC (loan) | 2016 | Malaysia FAM League | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | |  | | 6 | 0 |
| | Total | | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 6 | 0 |
| Career Total | | | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |  |  | 20 | 0 |

## Honours

### Club

**Kelantan U21**

## Personal life

Rozaimi had a road accident during Chinese New Year celebration in 2011 and had to rest for a year after he broke his leg. He is the youngest son from eight siblings.

## InfoBox

Rozaimi Azwar
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Mohammad Rozaimi Azwar bin Mat Noor | | |
| Date of birth | (1993-01-24) 24 January 1993 | | |
| Place of birth | Rantau Panjang, Kelantan, Malaysia | | |
| Height | 1.60 m (5 ft 3 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Kelantan United | | |
| Number | 7 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2012 | Perlis U21 | | |
| 2013–2014 | Kelantan U21 | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2015–2018 | Kelantan | 7 | (0) |
| 2015 | Sabah (loan) | 3 | (0) |
| 2016 | MOF FC (loan) | 6 | (0) |
| 2019– | Kelantan United | 29 | (1) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 17 March 2019 | | | |


title: Boss Guitar

abstract: Boss Guitar is an album by American jazz guitarist Wes Montgomery, released in 1963 by Riverside. It was reissued on the Original Jazz Classics label with alternate takes. All the tracks are available on Wes Montgomery: The Complete Riverside Recordings.

text:
# Boss Guitar

***Boss Guitar*** is an album by American jazz guitarist Wes Montgomery, released in 1963 by Riverside. It was reissued on the Original Jazz Classics label with alternate takes. All the tracks are available on *Wes Montgomery: The Complete Riverside Recordings*.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *DownBeat*
(*Original Lp release*) |  |
| *The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings* |  |
| *The Rolling Stone Album Guide* |  |

AllMusic jazz critic Scott Yanow described *Boss Guitar* as "enjoyable if not essential." David Rickert, for *All About Jazz*, stated: "Montgomery was always at his best as the sole lead instrument, as this recording will attest."

## Track listing

1. "Besame Mucho" (Consuelo Velázquez, Sunny Skylar) – 6:28
2. "Besame Mucho" \[Take 2\]\* (Velazquez, Skylar) – 6:24
3. "Dearly Beloved" (Jerome Kern, Johnny Mercer) – 4:49
4. "Days of Wine and Roses" (Henry Mancini, Johnny Mercer) – 3:44
5. "The Trick Bag" (Wes Montgomery) – 4:25
6. "Canadian Sunset" (Eddie Heywood, Norman Gimbel) – 5:04
7. "Fried Pies" (Montgomery) – 6:42
8. "Fried Pies" \[Take 1\]\* (Montgomery) – 6:35
9. "The Breeze and I" (Ernesto Lecuona, Al Stillman) – 4:08
10. "For Heaven's Sake" (Elise Bretton, Sherman Edwards, Donald Meyer) – 4:39

(\*) *Alternate takes not on original LP, included in CD reissue in 1989.*

## Personnel

**Production notes:**

## InfoBox

| Boss Guitar | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Wes Montgomery | |
| Released | July 1963 |
| Recorded | April 22, 1963 |
| Studio | Plaza Sound Studios, New York City |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 52:58 (Reissue) |
| Label | Riverside |
| Producer | Orrin Keepnews |
| Wes Montgomery chronology | |
| *Fusion! Wes Montgomery with Strings*
(1963) ***Boss Guitar***
(1963) *Portrait of Wes*
(1963) | |


title: Boss Game Studios

abstract: Boss Game Studios was an American video game developer based in Redmond, Washington. The company was founded in 1994 and closed in 2002. It specialized in Nintendo 64 racing games with releases such as Top Gear Rally and World Driver Championship.

text:
# Boss Game Studios

**Boss Game Studios** was an American video game developer based in Redmond, Washington. The company was founded in 1994 and closed in 2002. It specialized in Nintendo 64 racing games with releases such as *Top Gear Rally* and *World Driver Championship*.

## History

Boss Game Studios was formed in Redmond, Washington as an independent offshoot of Boss Film Studios, a company that created special effects for feature films. Some members of its creative and development team had contributed to games such as *The Lion King* and *Dune II*. Barry Leitch was the company's music director.

Following the release of their first game in 1997, *Spider: The Video Game*, the company specialized in Nintendo 64 racing games with releases such as *Top Gear Rally* and *World Driver Championship*. In 2000, the company was approached by Microsoft, who offered them an opportunity to develop games for their Xbox console. Boss Game Studios started work on an Xbox racing game, but were unable to find a publisher for the title. On June 14, 2002, the company disbanded.

## Games

### Unreleased

## InfoBox

Boss Game Studios
| Company type | Private |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Video games |
| Founded | c. 1994 |
| Defunct | June 14, 2002 |
| Headquarters | Redmond, Washington, United States |
| Website | Archived |


title: Rudhall Manor

abstract: Rudhall Manor is a manor house in Rudhall, Herefordshire, England. It dates from the late 14th century and is a Grade I listed building.

text:
# Rudhall Manor

**Rudhall Manor** is a manor house in Rudhall, Herefordshire, England. It dates from the late 14th century and is a Grade I listed building.

## History

The hamlet of Rudhall sits at the junction of three parishes, Brampton Abbotts, Ross-on-Wye and Weston under Penyard, about 2 miles to the east of Ross. Rudhall Manor dates from the 14th century, although the house underwent extensive remodelling in each subsequent century and was restored in the 20th. In the Tudor era the manor came into the possession of Herbert Westfaling II, son of the Bishop of Hereford, who married the Rudhall heriess. In the early 19th century, the house was reputedly used as a point of assignation by Lord Nelson and his lover, Emma Hamilton, during their tours of the Wye Valley. In 1830 the manor was bought by Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton of Barings Bank. Later owners included the ornithologist Peter Scott and the businessman John Harvey-Jones. As at May 2024, the manor is for sale.

## Architecture and description

Pevsner and Brooks describe the complex building history of the manor, which was begun in the 14th century, and developed by William Rudhall in the 16th. Later Georgian and Victorian developments saw the house extended with wings to the south and east. The interior has much wood panelling, some original and some introduced to the house, and decorative wood and stone carving. Above the entrance porch, the Rudhall badge, a Catherine Wheel, is displayed. Rudhall Manor is a Grade I listed building. Unusually, due to its location at the junction of three parishes, it has two Grade I listings, for the house in the Ross parish, and for those parts in the parish of Brampton Abbotts.

The grounds include a stream, lakes, and the base of a medieval church cross.

1. Brooks & Pevsner 2012, pp. 586–587.
2. Historic England. "Rudhall House (Grade I) (1099663)". *National Heritage List for England*. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
3. Meyrick 1834, p. 22.
4. Woolhope Naturalists Field Club 1921, p. 122.
5. Blackburn, Jack (10 May 2024). "Lord Nelson's love nest Rudhall Manor on the market for £3.25m". *The Times*. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
6. Churchill, Penny (21 June 2023). "A glorious Grade-I listed country house for sale that Nelson and his mistress once used as their lovenest". *Country Life*. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
7. Dyer, Joshua (18 February 2024). "Historic Herefordshire manor is up for sale". *Hereford Times*. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
8. "A woman Ledbury will never forget". *Worcester News*. 11 January 2002. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
9. Historic England. "Rudhall House (that part in Brampton Abbotts Civil Parish (Grade I) (1099260)". *National Heritage List for England*. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
10. Historic England. "Rudhall Cross (Grade II) (1296850)". *National Heritage List for England*. Retrieved 9 May 2024.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Rudhall Manor | |
| --- | --- |
| The gates to Rudhall Manor - the house is not visible from the road | |
| Type | House |
| Location | Rudhall, Herefordshire, England |
| Coordinates | 51°55′33″N 2°32′46″W / 51.9257°N 2.5461°W / 51.9257; -2.5461 |
| Built | 14th century with later additions |
| Governing body | Privately owned |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade I | |
| Official name | Rudhall Manor |
| Designated | 25 February 1966 |
| Reference no. | 1099663 |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade I | |
| Official name | Rudhall House (that part in Brampton Abbotts Civil Parish) |
| Designated | 25 February 1966 |
| Reference no. | 1099260 |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade II | |
| Official name | Cross base approximately 75m south-west of Rudhall House |
| Designated | 17 March 1987 |
| Reference no. | 1296850 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Rudhall Manor in Herefordshire | |


title: BotHunter

abstract: BotHunter is a free utility for Unix, which aims at detecting botnet activity within a network. It does so by analyzing network traffic and comparing it to patterns characteristic of malicious processes. Version 1.7.2 was current as of March 2013. An earlier version ran under Microsoft Windows XP, but was not mentioned on the Web site after the release of 1.7.2. In order to support this application, the developer, SRI International, had collected more than 10,000 samples of malware by 2008. The BotHunter Web site states that the software was made possible in part by a research grant from the U.S. Army Research Office.

text:
# BotHunter

**BotHunter** is a free utility for Unix, which aims at detecting botnet activity within a network. It does so by analyzing network traffic and comparing it to patterns characteristic of malicious processes. Version 1.7.2 was current as of March 2013. An earlier version ran under Microsoft Windows XP, but was not mentioned on the Web site after the release of 1.7.2. In order to support this application, the developer, SRI International, had collected more than 10,000 samples of malware by 2008.

The BotHunter Web site states that the software was made possible in part by a research grant from the U.S. Army Research Office.


title: Bot-Makak

abstract: Bot-Makak is a town and commune in Cameroon.

text:
# Bot-Makak

**Bot-Makak** is a town and commune in Cameroon.

## Demographics

Bot-Makak registered a population of 17,089 in the 2005 census. According to that census 50.3% of residents are male and 49.7% are female. 75.1% live rurally, while the other 24.9% live in an urban environment.

## InfoBox

| Bot-Makak | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune and town | |
| Coordinates: 3°59′53″N 10°53′11″E / 3.99806°N 10.88639°E / 3.99806; 10.88639 | |
| Country | Cameroon |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (WAT) |


title: Bot (caste)

abstract: The Bot are a Hindu caste found in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. They are distinct from the Bhotiya ethnic group of the Indian Terai, although like the Bhotiya claim a Nepali origin. The community is said to have gotten its name from the fact that they are descended from the king of Botwal, a state that once existed in Nepal. They are said to have immigrated to what is now the Bahraich District of Uttar Pradesh in 1775. The community claim to Raghuvanshi Rajputs, a claim not accepted by neighbouring Rajput groups. They are a small community, found mainly in twenty villages of Bahraich District Jarwal block (Harrajpur, Dusarapara, Sakhouta, Gour, Katka, Lalpur Jagdishpur, Fakharpur, Kaiserganj, and Huzurpur blocks. The community now speaks Awadhi, and have customs similar to neighbouring Hindu communities. The Bot are strictly endogamous, but do not marry within the village. They occupy their own villages, very rarely sharing them with any other caste. Land is their main economic source, and they are community of cultivators. Of their main crops, they grow paddy and maize in the winter, and wheat and pulses in the summer. Each of their settlement contains an informal caste council, known as a biradari panchayat. These biradari panchayats are headed by chaudhary, the village headman. The panchayat acts as instrument of social control, dealing with issues such as divorce and adultery.

text:
# Bot (caste)

The **Bot** are a Hindu caste found in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. They are distinct from the Bhotiya ethnic group of the Indian Terai, although like the Bhotiya claim a Nepali origin.

The community is said to have gotten its name from the fact that they are descended from the king of Botwal, a state that once existed in Nepal. They are said to have immigrated to what is now the Bahraich District of Uttar Pradesh in 1775. The community claim to Raghuvanshi Rajputs, a claim not accepted by neighbouring Rajput groups. They are a small community, found mainly in twenty villages of Bahraich District Jarwal block (Harrajpur, Dusarapara, Sakhouta, Gour, Katka, Lalpur Jagdishpur (Botanpurwa), Fakharpur, Kaiserganj, and Huzurpur blocks . The community now speaks Awadhi, and have customs similar to neighbouring Hindu communities.

The Bot are strictly endogamous, but do not marry within the village. They occupy their own villages, very rarely sharing them with any other caste. Land is their main economic source, and they are community of cultivators. Of their main crops, they grow paddy and maize in the winter, and wheat and pulses in the summer. Each of their settlement contains an informal caste council, known as a *biradari panchayat*. These *biradari panchayats* are headed by chaudhary, the village headman. The panchayat acts as instrument of social control, dealing with issues such as divorce and adultery.


title: Botunje

abstract: Botunje is a village in the Kragujevac city area in the Šumadija District of central Serbia. It is located north-east of the city. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 669 people.

text:
# Botunje

**Botunje** (Serbian Cyrillic: Ботуње) is a village in the Kragujevac city area in the Šumadija District of central Serbia. It is located north-east of the city. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 669 people.

1. "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia: Comparative Overview of the Number of Population in 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2002 and 2011, Data by settlements" (PDF). Statistical Office of Republic Of Serbia, Belgrade. 2014. ISBN 978-86-6161-109-4. Retrieved 2014-06-27.

## InfoBox

| Botunje Бутоње (Serbian) | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
|  | |
| BotunjeLocation in Serbia | |
| Coordinates: 44°3′51″N 21°1′8″E / 44.06417°N 21.01889°E / 44.06417; 21.01889 | |
| Country | Serbia |
| Region | Šumadija |
| District | Šumadija District |
| City district | Kragujevac |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 669 |


title: Rudi Cormane

abstract: Rudi Harold Cormane was a Dutch dermatologist who pioneered research in immunofluorescence studies of the skin. During the Second World War he was interned in a Japanese camp where he received an education from other prisoners. After the war he gained entry to the University of Leiden in the Netherlands to study medicine, but it was interrupted in 1947 when an epidemic of polio caused paralysis of his legs. He trained in dermatology at Leiden, eventually becoming the head of the Department of Dermatology at the University of Utrecht. Throughout his career, he did pioneering work in the then new developments in immunofluorescence studies of the skin, and much research in the Autoimmune skin disease origin of many skin diseases including lupus erythematosus, dermatitis herpetiformis and many autoimmune bullous diseases.

text:
# Rudi Cormane

**Rudi Harold Cormane** (7 April 1925 – 18 February 1987) was a Dutch dermatologist who pioneered research in immunofluorescence studies of the skin.

During the Second World War he was interned in a Japanese camp where he received an education from other prisoners. After the war he gained entry to the University of Leiden in the Netherlands to study medicine, but it was interrupted in 1947 when an epidemic of polio caused paralysis of his legs.

He trained in dermatology at Leiden, eventually becoming the head of the Department of Dermatology at the University of Utrecht. Throughout his career, he did pioneering work in the then new developments in immunofluorescence studies of the skin, and much research in the Autoimmune skin disease origin of many skin diseases including lupus erythematosus, dermatitis herpetiformis and many autoimmune bullous diseases.

## Early life and education

Cormane was born on 7 April 1925 in Bandung, Indonesia, to a manager of a plantation and his wife. At the time, the region was known as the Dutch East Indies.

By 1942, the Second World War had extended to the area, and Cormane was imprisoned in a Japanese camp. Here, older prisoners provided him with sufficient education to enable him to enter the University of Leiden in 1946. He graduated in 1953.

His studies were interrupted after he contracted polio during a 1947 epidemic which necessitated intensive treatment in Switzerland for paralysis of his legs.

## Career

In 1956, Cormane established the Laboratory of Fungal Diseases of the Department of Dermatology at the Department of Microbial Diseases, headed by W.R.O. Goslings. Here, he researched and wrote his thesis on "Candida albicans en de therapie met antibiotica" (Candida albicans and treatment with antibiotics). After graduation, he trained at the Department of Internal Medicine at the University of Leiden when it was headed by J. Mulder and A. Querido, being appointed to its staff as a specialist in 1958. In 1960, the Head of the Department of Dermatology at the University of Utrecht, L. H. Jansen, invited Cormane to become a resident, following which he became a specialist in dermatology and venereology, and was three years later appointed to its staff.

He authored many articles on enzyme histochemical studies of the skin and nephelometric studies of serum in drug allergy between 1956 and 1963.

### Immunofluorescence

Cormane became active in the then new developments in immunofluorescence studies of the skin, resulting in his classic article in 1964, “Bound globulin in the skin of patients with chronic discoid lupus erythematosus and systemic lupus erythematosus". He pioneered much research in the autoimmune origin of many skin diseases including lupus erythematosus, pemphigus, pemphigoid, and other autoimmune bullous diseases.

He was appointed chairman of the Department of Dermatology at the Binnengasthuis, University of Amsterdam professor in dermatology and venereology in 1967, and in the same year, reported his initial results of immunoglobulin deposition in the skin in dermatitis herpetiformis, proving the deposition of IgA in the skin of these people.

Often invited to speak internationally, one memorable visit was in 1982 when, as a former prisoner of war, he was invited to Japan.

## Personal

Cormane enjoyed music and played the flute. He also kept a collection of cloisonné pottery. He never married.

## Death and legacy

Cormane co-founded the European Society of Dermatological Research, the annual meetings initially always took place in Amsterdam to avoid "scientific tourism." The Rudi Cormane Lecture is given in his honour.

Cormane's plan was to retire to Thailand; however, he died from a cardiac arrest on 18 February 1987.

## Selected publications

### Books

* *Immunology and Skin Diseases*, Volume 15 of Current topics in immunology. Edward Arnold, 1981. (With Syed Shafi, Asghar). ISBN 9780713143461.

### Articles

## InfoBox

| Rudi Cormane | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1925-04-07)7 April 1925<br>Bandung, Indonesia |
| Died | 18 February 1987(1987-02-18) (aged 61) |
| Education | University of Leiden |
| Known for | Research in immunofluorescence |
| **Medical career** | |
| Profession | Dermatologist |
| Institutions |  |
| Sub-specialties | Autoimmune skin disease |
|  | |


title: Boteler baronets

abstract: There have been three baronetcies created for persons with the surname Boteler, all in the Baronetage of England. All three creations are extinct. The Boteler Baronetcy, of Hatfield Woodhall in the County of Hertford, was created in the Baronetage of England on 12 April 1620. For more information on this creation, see Baron Boteler. The Boteler Baronetcy, of Barham Court, Teston, in the County of Kent, was created in the Baronetage of England on 3 July 1641 for William Boteler. He was killed in action three years later at the Battle of Cropredy Bridge. The third Baronet sat as member of parliament for Hythe. The title became extinct on the death of the fourth Baronet in 1771. The Boteler Baronetcy, of Bramfield in the County of Hertford, was created in the Baronetage of England on 7 December 1643 for George Boteler. He was the half-brother of the first Baronet of the 1620 creation. The title became extinct on his death in 1657.

text:
# Boteler baronets

There have been three **baronetcies** created for persons with the surname **Boteler**, all in the Baronetage of England. All three creations are extinct.

The **Boteler Baronetcy**, of Hatfield Woodhall in the County of Hertford, was created in the Baronetage of England on 12 April 1620. For more information on this creation, see Baron Boteler.

The **Boteler Baronetcy**, of Barham Court, Teston, in the County of Kent, was created in the Baronetage of England on 3 July 1641 for William Boteler. He was killed in action three years later at the Battle of Cropredy Bridge. The third Baronet sat as member of parliament for Hythe. The title became extinct on the death of the fourth Baronet in 1771.

The **Boteler Baronetcy**, of Bramfield in the County of Hertford, was created in the Baronetage of England on 7 December 1643 for George Boteler. He was the half-brother of the first Baronet of the 1620 creation. The title became extinct on his death in 1657.

## Boteler baronets, of Hatfield Woodhall (1620)

## Boteler baronets, of Barham Court (1641)

* Sir William Boteler, 1st Baronet (died 1644)
* Sir Oliver Boteler, 2nd Baronet (c. 1637–1689)
* Sir Philip Boteler, 3rd Baronet (c. 1667–1719)
* Sir Philip Boteler, 4th Baronet (c. 1695–1772)

## Boteler baronets, of Bramfield (1643)

* Sir George Boteler, 1st Baronet (c. 1583–1657)


title: Botedjo

abstract: Botedjo is a village in the Bamingui-Bangoran Prefecture in the northern Central African Republic.

text:
# Botedjo

**Botedjo** is a village in the Bamingui-Bangoran Prefecture in the northern Central African Republic.

## InfoBox

| Botedjo | |
| --- | --- |
| BotedjoLocation in the Central African Republic | |
| Coordinates: 8°16′N 20°41′E / 8.267°N 20.683°E / 8.267; 20.683 | |
| Country | Central African Republic |
| Prefecture | Bamingui-Bangoran |
| Sub-prefecture | N'Délé |
| Time zone | UTC \+ 1 |


title: Rudolf Tombo Jr.

abstract: Rudolf Tombo Jr. was a German-born American philologist who was associate professor of Germanic languages at Columbia University.

text:
# Rudolf Tombo Jr.

**Rudolf Tombo Jr.** (October 24, 1875 – May 21, 1914) was a German-born American philologist who was associate professor of Germanic languages at Columbia University.

## Biography

Rudolf Tombo Jr. was born in Barmen, Germany, on October 24, 1875. His father, Rudolf Tombo Sr, was a graduate of the University of Rostock and an instructor in German. As a child Tombo Jr. accompanied his family to the United States, where his father held positions at Columbia University.

Tombo Jr. enrolled at the City College of New York in 1891, graduating with honors in 1895. After two years in business, Tombo Jr. entered Columbia University, earning his Master of Arts in 1898. He was given a Master of Science in 1899, and earned a Doctor of Philosophy in 1901.

Tombo Jr. was appointed an instructor at Columbia University in 1900. He was registrar at Columbia University from 1902 to 1908, when he became secretary of the Alumni Council and began his work of organizing Columbia's alumni. Tombo Jr. resigned his secretaryship in 1911, becoming associate professor of Germanic languages at Columbia University and director of the Deutsches Haus at Columbia. He was simultaneously secretary of the Germanistic Society and editor of *The Germanistic Society Quarterly*. Tombo Jr. was also a prominent member of Theta Delta Chi. He was well known for his abilities both as a lecturer and administrator.

Tombo Jr.'s first publication was *Assian in Germany* (1901). He edited several textbooks along with his father and made many translations.

Tombo Jr. married Adelaide Cooper, a student at Barnard College in 1901, with whom he had a daughter, Marion. The marriage ended in a divorce in 1911, and in 1913 Tombo Jr. married Lorraine Bowes.

In the winter of 1914, Tombo Jr. was named as one of the candidates for the presidency of the College of the City of New York. He fell ill with pneumonia in March 1914, of which he died at his home on May 21, 1914.

* Marshall, Edward (December 21, 1913). "American College Has A Special Place In The World". *The New York Times*. p. 12. Retrieved August 31, 2019.
* "Rudolf Tombo, Jr., Scholar Is Dead". *New-York Tribune*. May 23, 1914. p. 9. Retrieved August 31, 2019  via Newspapers.com.


title: Rudnica (Tutin)

abstract: Rudnica is a village in the municipality of Tutin, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 74 people.

text:
# Rudnica (Tutin)

**Rudnica** is a village in the municipality of Tutin, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 74 people.

43°00′N 20°16′E / 43.000°N 20.267°E / 43.000; 20.267

## InfoBox

| Rudnica | |
| --- | --- |
| Village (Selo) | |
| Rudnica | |
| Coordinates: 43°00′N 20°16′E / 43.000°N 20.267°E / 43.000; 20.267 | |
| Country | Serbia |
| District | Raška District |
| Municipality | Tutin |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 74 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Boudinot C. Atterbury

abstract: Boudinot Currie Atterbury, from a wealthy New York family, trained to be a medical doctor and worked with the Presbyterian missions in China and later with Chinese communities in the United States.

text:
# Boudinot C. Atterbury

**Boudinot Currie Atterbury** (June 10, 1852 – May 21, 1930), from a wealthy New York family, trained to be a medical doctor and worked with the Presbyterian missions in China and later with Chinese communities in the United States.

## Early life

Atterbury was born in Manchester, England, on June 10, 1852. He was a son of Benjamin Bakewell Atterbury (1815–1900) and Olivia Eggleston (née Phelps) Atterbury (1821–1894). His father was a New York merchant with a shipping agency in Manchester. His brother, Anson Greene Phelps Atterbury, and one of his sisters, Olivia Phelps Atterbury, married into the Van Rensselaer family, who had relatives working in China (some of whom were killed in the Boxer uprising).

His maternal grandparents were Anson Greene Phelps and Olivia Egleston. Boudinot Atterbury’s uncles included James Boulter Stokes, Daniel James, and William Earle Dodge, wealthy families that supported and funded his missionary work in China. Among his ancestors was Bishop Francis Atterbury as well as his grand-uncle, Elias Boudinot, first president of the Continental Congress.

He attended Phillips Academy class of 1869 before going to Yale, leaving as a non-graduate in 1873. After three years work experience he attended medical school under Dr. Frank Hastings Hamilton at Bellevue Hospital from where he graduated with a medical degree in 1878. He expanded his medical knowledge, working in New York, Paris and Palestine.

## Career

In 1879, Atterbury moved to China as a medical missionary. He built a hospital in Peking with funding from family and friends, treating the poor and training Chinese medical students. Another of his sponsors was Deborah Matilda Douw, who was also related via the Van Rensselaer connection. She survived the uprising by disguising herself in traditional Chinese clothing. Douw had funded a pavilion for female patients at the hospital and paid for a female physician for the facility. In 1896 he was awarded the Order of the Double Dragon by the Dowager Empress for his services during the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894.

In 1894 Atterbury attended the medical mission at Pao-ting-fu whilst the resident doctor took leave. During his tenure he built, at his own expense, a dispensary and additional hospital rooms. He also donated funds at a later date for equipment to the hospital.

Due to ill health he left China in about 1898 and did not return, but continued his work amongst the Chinese population in Pasadena, Los Angeles and Brooklyn. In 1900 several of his colleagues in China were killed during the Boxer uprising.

## Personal life

On August 18, 1890, Atterbury was married to Mary Josephine Lowrie (1858-1910) at Tianjin, China by the Rev. J.W. Lowrie, the bride's brother. Mary was born in China, the daughter of missionaries Amelia and Rev. Reuben Post Lowrie, who lived and worked there, but was educated in America. Together, they were the parents of Boudinot Bakewell Atterbury (1892–1976), a businessman who married Ruth Rand, a daughter of Lyman Fiske Rand and sister to Gertrude Rand. Marguerite "Daisy" Atterbury (1896–1988), and Olive Atterbury (1898–1962).

His wife Josephine died in Pasadena in 1910 and he died on May 21, 1930, in Altamonte Springs, Florida. After his death, his daughter Daisy returned to China to continue the missionary work and was interned in the Japanese Weihsien Compound during World War II (repatriated 1943).

## InfoBox

| Boudinot C. Atterbury | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Boudinot Currie Atterbury
(1852-06-10)June 10, 1852
Manchester, England |
| Died | May 21, 1930(1930-05-21) (aged 77)
Altamonte Springs, Florida |
| Education | Phillips Academy
Yale University |
| Alma mater | Bellevue Hospital |
| Spouse | Mary Josephine Lowrie
(m. 1890; died 1910) |
| Children | Boudinot Bakewell Atterbury
Marguerite Atterbury |
| Parent(s) | Benjamin Bakewell Atterbury
Olivia Phelps Atterbury. |
| Relatives | Anson Greene Phelps (grandfather)
Olivia Egleston (grandmother) |


title: Runner Runner

abstract: Runner Runner is a 2013 American crime thriller film directed by Brad Furman, written by Brian Koppelman and David Levien and starring Justin Timberlake, Ben Affleck, Gemma Arterton and Anthony Mackie. The film was released in the United States on October 4, 2013, received generally negative reviews from critics, and grossed $62 million.

text:
# Runner Runner

***Runner Runner*** is a 2013 American crime thriller film directed by Brad Furman, written by Brian Koppelman and David Levien and starring Justin Timberlake, Ben Affleck, Gemma Arterton and Anthony Mackie.

The film was released in the United States on October 4, 2013, received generally negative reviews from critics, and grossed $62 million.

## Plot

Richie Furst used to have a lucrative career on Wall Street; this history prevents him from receiving tuition assistance at Princeton, so he funds his master's degree by referring students to online gambling, for which he receives a cut. After the dean threatens to expel him for these activities, Richie tries to win his tuition using his excellent poker skills in online gambling, but he loses all his money to a cheater, something he can prove by statistics.

Richie travels to Costa Rica to confront Ivan Block, who runs the biggest empire of online gambling websites in the world, including the one Richie lost his money on. After Ivan sees the statistics, he finds that coders have modified the software to allow them to cheat. After firing those involved, Ivan tells Richie he will pay him millions per year to stay in Costa Rica and assist with the site.

Richie slowly begins a romantic relationship with Rebecca Shafran, ex-lover of Ivan, who appears to have no objections. Ivan has Richie blackmail a gaming affiliate with videos of his infidelity to force him to sign with Ivan. FBI Agent Shavers kidnaps Richie and threatens to ruin his life in various ways if he does not assist in getting Ivan convicted. Shavers cannot do anything legally as he has no authority in Costa Rica, but he takes advantage of this to use tactics that would be illegal and unethical for law enforcement inside the U.S. Ivan tells Richie that everyone in the organization ends up confronted by Shavers at some point.

Over time, Ivan's organization is revealed to be less than ethical. He sends Richie to bribe Costa Rica gaming director Herrera with too small a payment, which leads to Richie being beaten. Ivan tells him it comes with the territory of such a lucrative career. When Richie tries to leave the country, Shavers has drugs planted in his bag and offers to overlook them if Richie agrees to cooperate. A local police officer reveals that the police dislike Ivan but that he would buy his way out of any trouble and destroy whoever tried to take him down.

Richie's friend Andrew Cronin, who works on the software design for Ivan, suggests that Ivan is running a Ponzi scheme; the players' accounts have no actual money, and Ivan uses the money as his bank account, keeping just enough to allow players to cash out when they need to. Aware that Richie might be wanting out, Ivan buys the massive poker debts of Richie's father and brings him to Costa Rica, using him as a hostage.

Ivan throws Herrera and his bodyguard into the river to get eaten by the crocodiles but pulls them out before they are eaten. Cronin disappears and is later found nearly beaten to death. Thanks to Rebecca betraying Ivan, Richie finds out that he has been setting him up all along; Ivan is about to move his operations out of Costa Rica, planning to leave Richie behind as the fall guy. Richie gives out massive bribes to local officials, including low-level police officers. When the moving day hits, Ivan calls to sarcastically apologize to Richie, telling him he will be busted, as Ivan flies away on a private jet.

When Ivan lands, he finds he has been betrayed: the bribed pilot has instead flown him to Puerto Rico, an American territory. Shavers and other FBI agents move in to arrest him as Richie and Rebecca fly away on the private jet. Shavers says they are free to go because Richie left a flash drive for him containing sufficient evidence to convict Ivan.

## Cast

## Production

Principal photography took place in the summer through the winter of 2012 in Puerto Rico and on the Princeton University campus. Despite the fact the film has several graphic indications that all events are taking place in Costa Rica none of the scenes were shot in the Central America nation.

## Reception

### Box office

In its opening weekend, the film came in third place with $7.8 million behind *Gravity* and *Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2*. It grossed $19.3 million in North America and $43.4 million in the rest of the world for a worldwide total of $62.7 million.

### Critical response

On Rotten Tomatoes, *Runner Runner* holds a rating of 7% based on 122 reviews, with an average rating of 4.1/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "It has an impressive cast and an intriguing premise, but *Runner Runner* wastes them on a bland, haphazardly assembled thriller with very little payoff." On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 36 out of 100, based on 31 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C" on an A+ to F scale.

## InfoBox

| Runner Runner | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Brad Furman |
| Written by |  |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Mauro Fiore |
| Edited by | Jeff McEvoy |
| Music by | Christophe Beck |
| Production<br>companies |  |
| Distributed by | 20th Century Fox |
| Release dates | * September 18, 2013 (2013-09-18) (Las Vegas) * October 4, 2013 (2013-10-04) (United States) |
| Running time | 88 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $30 million |
| Box office | $62.7 million |


title: Rue Nitot

abstract: The Rue Nitot meeting was an important First World War event, when the British Empire delegates at the Peace Conference in Versailles got together to register the harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles, and tried to soften the conditions for peace with Germany. The meeting was held at Prime Minister David Lloyd George's flat, 23 Rue Nitot, in Paris, on June 1, 1919.

text:
# Rue Nitot

The **Rue Nitot** meeting was an important First World War event, when the British Empire delegates at the Peace Conference in Versailles got together to register the harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles, and tried to soften the conditions for peace with Germany. The meeting was held at Prime Minister David Lloyd George's flat, 23 Rue Nitot, in Paris, on June 1, 1919.

## Background

When Germany asked for peace in the early fall of 1918, it asked for peace terms based on President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points. However, the Fourteen Points, made public on January 8, 1918, were constructed without input from the Allies, and issued without their knowledge. This particularly irked the British, who objected to a "Freedom of the Seas" passage, as they maintained a full land and sea blockade on Germany, which violated Wilson's second point. The Fourteen Points were used as the basis, or starting point, of peace negotiations, although the Germans were told by President Wilson, on November 5, and later by Marshal Ferdinand Foch at the signing of the November 11th armistice, that financial reparations were also in order.

As one of the harsh conditions meted out by the French, the Germans were not allowed to participate on the peace negotiations. This surprised the American and English peace plan delegates, who believed in a "New World", or "Wilsonian" peace, and not an "Old World" European peace. However, Prime Minister Clemenceau made it known that the Germans were the aggressors and criminals in this war, and "What kind of justice would be served if the vanquished were allowed to sit at the table, on an equal footing with the victors?" In the end, a team of German delegates were allowed to receive a draft of the treaty, and they were given two weeks (extended to three) to suggest changes to it. Those suggestions were made at the end of May 1919, and the purpose of the Rue Nitot meeting was to discuss those changes.

## The Meeting

One of the British objections to the peace treaty was the French demand for a permanent land barrier to exist between France and Germany. The barrier, to be "a neutral zone" twenty miles wide and patrolled by the Allied nations, was meant to prevent a future German invasion of France. The matter was dropped when Prime Minister Lloyd George and President Wilson promised France a joint military guarantee on March 14, 1919. However, it was raised again in April, with the French requesting a 15 year occupation. Eventually, the matter was decided in France's favor, with permanent neutrality for the Rhineland established in 1925 (see external link: Locarno).

Two other conditions from France included excluding Germany from the League of Nations, and denying it a most favored nation trading status.

However, probably the most difficult issue was reparations. The French wanted the Germans to pay for the damage caused to France and Belgium during World War I, and for this a team of accountants were brought to Versailles to fix a price on the war. Every death carried a price, as did every wounded, every animal killed, and all material devastation was tallied. What the Germans couldn't pay from its treasury would be exacted by appropriating raw materials by the trainload, specifically coal, chemicals and dyestuffs. In all, the tally came to $13.75 Billion ($233 Billion in 2023 dollars). When Germany eventually defaulted on its payments in 1922, there were rumors that two trainloads of German toys were shipped to France during Christmastime.

When the Secretary of State for War, Winston Churchill, said, "The hatred of France for Germany was something more than human", South African Prime Minister Louis Botha reminded everyone that on this day, seventeen years ago, the English, represented by Lord Milner, got together with the Boers to sign a peace treaty that ended the Boer War. "On that occasion it was moderation which had saved South Africa for the British Empire, and he hoped on this occasion that it would be moderation which would save the world."

The empire delegates unanimously authorized Lloyd George to go back to the Big Four and ask for modifications to the peace terms. The areas of disagreement were on reparations, the Rhineland occupation, Germany's membership in the League of Nations, its frontiers with Poland, and scores of other smaller but irritating “pin prick” matters, like the renaming of rivers.

When Lloyd George met with Georges Clemenceau, he informed him that if these matters can't be resolved, and if Germany fails to sign the peace treaty (which appeared likely), that the British Empire would no longer enforce its naval blockade on Germany (which deprived civilians of food), and that the British Army would not take part in an occupation of Germany.

## Consequences

When the Council of Four met on June 2 and were given the British ultimatum, they were upset. The treaty had been largely written by them (President Wilson played a lead role in the construction of its framework back in January), they were tired, and they did not want to redo the work. In his memoirs, Lloyd George said he wasn't asking for large concessions, only those that brought the treaty in line with Wilson's Fourteen Points. Afterwards, all President Wilson could say was, "Reparations weren't specifically excluded from the Fourteen Points, so they were allowed."

When the Germans received the draft treaty on May 7, they were shocked to learn that they were expected to accept it without the opportunity to negotiate. On June 16, after weeks of attempts at negotiation, the Allies presented the final version of their conditions for peace, which were virtually unchanged from the first draft. Germany was given seven days to accept the treaty or face renewed hostilities. After Minister President Philipp Scheidemann resigned in protest, two delegates were sent to Paris, and the treaty was signed at 3 pm on June 28, 1919. Lloyd George, not knowing if they would appear, made them sign first, before the other 66 plenipotentiaries.

One of the twenty-five points laid out by the German Workers' Party (DAP) in early 1920 was to refute the Treaty of Versailles. During his rise in politics in the 1920s, Adolf Hitler always referred to the Treaty of Versailles as "the Versailles diktat" (see external link, same). After the hardliners in France, Georges Clemenceau and Ferdinand Foch, died in 1929, a younger generation of politicians rose in France who agreed with the English that the terms of Versailles were too tough, and a series of concessions occurred with the Locarno Treaties, resulting in Germany entering the League of Nations, being granted a most favored nation trading status, and allowing its border with Poland to be open to negotiation. Also, reparations were partially forgiven in 1924, with the Dawes Plan, and again in 1929 with the Young Plan. Concessions in the latter half of the 1920's became known as "The Spirit of Locarno". However, with the ascendancy of Adolf Hitler to power as Chancellor in 1933, and President (Führer) in 1934, concessions became appeasement with his territorial demands. When Hitler reoccupied the Rhineland with soldiers on March 7, 1936, in defiance of Locarno, the Allies, remembering the horrors and bloodshed of World War I, were paralyzed. Until the invasion of Czechoslovakia on March 15, 1939, conservatives in England hoped that Hitler, a rising star in the media, was just playing into nationalistic fever, and that all was well.

## Footnotes

* World War I reparations: *Link*
* Armistice Terms, pgs. 170-172: *Link*
* Australia's Position: *Link*
* Birth of the Nazi Party, pg.50: *Link*
* Adolph Hitler Violates the Treaty of Versailles: *Link*
* "The Spirit of Locarno": *Link*
* Herbert Hoover meets Adolph Hitler: *Link*


title: Botanol

abstract: Botanol is a synthetic material, typically used as a floor covering, made from approximately 90% renewable raw materials including canola oil, castor oil and chalk. Botanol was formulated as an eco-friendly alternative to polyurethane.

text:
# Botanol

**Botanol** is a synthetic material, typically used as a floor covering, made from approximately 90% renewable raw materials including canola oil, castor oil and chalk. Botanol was formulated as an eco-friendly alternative to polyurethane.

## Background

Botanol (also called Bioboden in Germany) was developed by German company Windmöller Flooring Products GmbH in 2008, under the umbrella brand, Wineo. Their researchers formulated the material based on polyurethane, a high quality, wear-resistant plastic. They were able to replace the petrochemical polyols typically found in polyurethane with a bio-based polyols made from natural oils to make this material more ecological and healthy. This material does not contain any chlorine, plasticizers or solvents and is odor-neutral.

## Use

Botanol was first introduced under the brand name, PURLINE, a line of flooring developed to be an environmentally friendly alternative to vinyl sheet flooring. PURLINE is a flexible, durable, resilient floor covering with a backing. This flooring is appropriate for commercial and residential applications. Unique designs are integrated in the manufacturing stage, creating fake woods and stones in addition to giving clients creative freedom to design their own logo or motif. It is offered in a roll and plank format making it versatile and easy to install in large and small spaces.


title: Russell K. Osgood

abstract: Russell King Osgood is an American lawyer who was the dean of Washington University School of Law. Previously, he was the twelfth president of Grinnell College (1998–2010) and a professor of history and political science. He is a legal scholar and holds a B.A. and J.D. from Yale University, formerly serving as the dean of Cornell Law School. In 2003, Russell Osgood was the highest paid liberal arts college president in the U.S.; he earned $509,130 in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2004.

text:
# Russell K. Osgood

**Russell King Osgood** is an American lawyer who was the dean of Washington University School of Law. Previously, he was the twelfth president of Grinnell College (1998–2010) and a professor of history and political science. He is a legal scholar and holds a B.A. and J.D. from Yale University, formerly serving as the dean of Cornell Law School. In 2003, Russell Osgood was the highest paid liberal arts college president in the U.S.; he earned $509,130 in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2004.

## Pre-Washington University career

* United States Navy, 1969-1971: surface line officer, USS *Glover* AGDE-1
* Yale Law School, J.D. 1974
* Employed by Hill & Barlow, 1974-1978: associate attorney, tax and corporate departments, specializing in employee benefits
* Boston University School of Law: associate professor of law 1978–1980
* Cornell University: associate professor of law, 1980–1982; professor of law, 1982–1988; editor, *Law and History Review*, 1982–1987; dean and professor of law, 1988 to July 1998
* Grinnell College: twelfth president of Grinell College, 1998-2010; professor of history and science

## Osgood at Grinnell

Osgood's administrative actions at Grinnell revolved around a strategic plan approved by the trustees in Spring 2005. The five-year plan's goals included increasing the emphasis on inquiry-based learning and broadening the curriculum; fostering faculty, student, and staff sense of ambition, adventure, and well-being; advancing Grinnell College as a more diverse, robust intellectual community; improving the fiscal balance and stability of the college; contributing to the vitality of the city of Grinnell; and strengthening the public profile of Grinnell College, Grinnellians, and the value of a Grinnell education. The Grinnell campus underwent much construction and renovation in the 2000s. Though the plans began during the tenure of the previous president, Pamela Ferguson, many of the projects occurred under Osgood. World-renowned architect Cesar Pelli designed several of the recent buildings.

Osgood stepped down from his post as president of Grinnell, effective July 31, 2010. The Board of Trustees later chose Raynard S. Kington as Osgood's successor. Reflecting on his experiences teaching both undergraduates and law students, Osgood said he "enjoyed interacting with law students as a teacher and dean, but he says he enjoys undergraduates more. 'I like law students,' he says, 'but they're much more developed and formed. Undergraduates are still making fundamental choices in their life. It’s more interesting to interact with them.'"

In January 2011, Osgood was named a semi-finalist for the position of Dean of the Boston College Law School.

## Personal life

Osgood is married, with four grown children and three dogs.

Osgood is a runner, and students and faculty have reported seeing him jogging at very early hours in short, red swimsuits. "I have about 15 pairs of bathing suits," Osgood said, "About half of them are red. I don’t know why I have 15. If you see me around my house at night, you’ll see me wearing them. I just wear them as shorts. Not just for running purposes—I wear them when I fly on planes.”

## Books by Russell K. Osgood

*Cases and Materials on Employee Benefits.* with Peter J. Wiedenbeck, Washington University in St. Louis

*The Law in Massachusetts. The Supreme Judicial Court 1692-1992*, Editor and Contributor, 1992, Supreme Judicial Court Historical Society

*The Law of Pensions and Profit-Sharing. Qualified Retirement Plans and Other Deferred Compensation Arrangements* (1984, Little Brown) with Supplements.

## InfoBox

| Russell King Osgood | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Dean of Washington University School of Law | |
| **In office**<br>September 1, 2021  June 30, 2024 | |
| Preceded by | Nancy Staudt (2014-2021) |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Spouse | Paula Osgood |
| Education | Yale University (BA, JD) |
|  | |


title: Russian Roulette (Accept album)

abstract: Russian Roulette is the seventh studio album by German heavy metal band Accept, released in 1986. It was again recorded at Dierks-Studios, but the band chose to self-produce rather than bring back Dieter Dierks as producer. It would be the last Accept album to feature Udo Dirkschneider as lead vocalist until the 1993 reunion album Objection Overruled. The album returns Accept to the darker, heavier sound of releases prior to the more commercial-sounding predecessor Metal Heart. Wolf Hoffmann explained the band's decision: "Maybe we were trying sort of go back to our natural and not polished Accept sound with that record. We weren't really all that happy with the polished and clean-sounding Metal Heart. I was sort of very happy with my guitar playing on that record and very happy with my parts, but I remember the whole vibe of the band was at the time that we don't want to go through this again with Dieter Dierks who had produced Metal Heart." Peter Baltes explained the album's title and front cover as an expression of the strong anti-war themes throughout the record, showing war as a game of Russian roulette: "It means - go and play the game y'know, what a silly game it is. One will die definitely." The digitally remastered CD edition includes live versions of "Metal Heart" and "Screaming for a Love-Bite" as bonus tracks, taken from the Kaizoku-Ban EP. The 2014 release from UK based record label Hear No Evil Recordings features live versions of "Neon Nights", "Burning" and "Head Over Heels", taken from the 1990 live album Staying a Life.

text:
# Russian Roulette (Accept album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal* | 7/10 |
| *Rock Hard* | 8.0/10 |

***Russian Roulette*** is the seventh studio album by German heavy metal band Accept, released in 1986. It was again recorded at Dierks-Studios, but the band chose to self-produce rather than bring back Dieter Dierks as producer. It would be the last Accept album to feature Udo Dirkschneider as lead vocalist until the 1993 reunion album *Objection Overruled*.

The album returns Accept to the darker, heavier sound of releases prior to the more commercial-sounding predecessor *Metal Heart*. Wolf Hoffmann explained the band's decision: "Maybe we were trying sort of go back to our natural and not polished Accept sound with that record. We weren't really all that happy with the polished and clean-sounding *Metal Heart*. I was sort of very happy with my guitar playing on that record and very happy with my parts, but I remember the whole vibe of the band was at the time that we don't want to go through this again with Dieter Dierks who had produced *Metal Heart*."

Peter Baltes explained the album's title and front cover as an expression of the strong anti-war themes throughout the record, showing war as a game of Russian roulette: "It means - go and play the game y'know, what a silly game it is. One will die definitely."

The digitally remastered CD edition includes live versions of "Metal Heart" and "Screaming for a Love-Bite" as bonus tracks, taken from the *Kaizoku-Ban* EP. The 2014 release from UK based record label Hear No Evil Recordings features live versions of "Neon Nights", "Burning" and "Head Over Heels", taken from the 1990 live album *Staying a Life*.

## Track listing

All lyrics and music written by Accept and Deaffy.

Side one
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "T.V. War" | 3:29 |
| 2. | "Monsterman" | 3:26 |
| 3. | "Russian Roulette" | 5:22 |
| 4. | "It's Hard to Find a Way" | 4:19 |
| 5. | "Aiming High" | 4:24 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 6. | "Heaven Is Hell" | 7:12 |
| 7. | "Another Second to Be" | 3:19 |
| 8. | "Walking in the Shadow" | 4:27 |
| 9. | "Man Enough to Cry" | 3:14 |
| 10. | "Stand Tight" | 4:05 |
| Total length: | | 43:17 |

2002 bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Metal Heart" (Live) | 5:24 |
| 2. | "Screaming for a Love-Bite" (Live) | 4:26 |
| Total length: | | 53:07 |

2014 bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Neon Nights" (Live, Taken from *Staying a Life*) | 8:14 |
| 2. | "Burning" (Live, Taken from *Staying a Life*) | 7:29 |
| 3. | "Head Over Heels" (Live, Taken from *Staying a Life*) | 5:41 |
| Total length: | | 64:41 |

## Credits

Band members Production

## Charts

| Chart (1986) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Albums (Kent Music Report) | 93 |
| Finnish Albums (The Official Finnish Charts) | 3 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 5 |
| Japanese Albums (Oricon) | 26 |
| Norwegian Albums (VG-lista) | 16 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 9 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 23 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 80 |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 114 |

## InfoBox

| Russian Roulette | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Accept | |
| Released | 1986 |
| Studio | Dierks (Stommeln, Germany) |
| Genre | Heavy metal |
| Length | 43:17 |
| Label | RCA |
| Producer | Accept |
| Accept chronology | |
| *Kaizoku-Ban*
(1985) ***Russian Roulette***
(1986) *Eat the Heat*
(1989) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Russian Roulette* | |
| 1. "T.V. War"
Released: June 1986 (Japan) | |
|  | |


title: Portland Alley Sweeper

abstract: The Portland Alley Sweeper, also called the Alley Sweeper Urban Enduro, is a motorcycle rally in the city alleys of Portland, Oregon. Begun in 2009 by Zac Christensen of the Sang Froid Riding Club motorcycle club in Portland, the rally has been described as "a cross-city tour of Portland’s mangled side streets by way of whatever two-wheeled contraption you can hobble together", drawing around 300 riders a year. Event organizers say by riding street legal two-wheeled vehicles in the city's alleys, they are merely exercising their rights on a public right of way and said that it is "not a race but a parade". Opponents say they are concerned about child safety and some even say they are "hostage in their own yard" for the duration of the hours-long rally. One resident said that the mostly small-displacement dual-sport motorcycles and scooters "sound like tanks". Portland police have said the rally riders are permitted in the alleys if they are obeying the 15-mile-per-hour (24 km/h) speed limit, and other traffic laws.

text:
# Portland Alley Sweeper

The **Portland Alley Sweeper**, also called the Alley Sweeper Urban Enduro, is a motorcycle rally in the city alleys of Portland, Oregon. Begun in 2009 by Zac Christensen of the Sang Froid Riding Club motorcycle club in Portland, the rally has been described as "a cross-city tour of Portland’s mangled side streets by way of whatever two-wheeled contraption you can hobble together", drawing around 300 riders a year.

Event organizers say by riding street legal two-wheeled vehicles in the city's alleys, they are merely exercising their rights on a public right of way and said that it is "not a race but a parade". Opponents say they are concerned about child safety and some even say they are "hostage in their own yard" for the duration of the hours-long rally. One resident said that the mostly small-displacement dual-sport motorcycles and scooters "sound like tanks".

Portland police have said the rally riders are permitted in the alleys if they are obeying the 15-mile-per-hour (24 km/h) speed limit, and other traffic laws.

1. Marjorie Skinner (March 23, 2011), "Motorcycle Weekend!", *Portland Mercury*
2. Courtney Olive (March 19, 2013), "Portland Alley Sweeper Urban Enduro", *Motorcycle Daily*
3. Nicole Friedman (April 14, 2013), "Bikers explore Portland alleys en masse for Sang Froid Riding Club event", *The Oregonian*
4. "Get off my lawn", *Limiter newsletter (online)*, Portland, Oregon: Icon Motorsports, April 15, 2013, archived from the original on October 6, 2014, retrieved September 29, 2014
5. Motorcycles roar through Portland back alleys Archived 2014-10-06 at the Wayback Machine, KGW, April 19, 2014
6. Portland motorcycle event route raises concerns Archived 2014-10-06 at the Wayback Machine, KPTV, March 20, 2014
7. "Motorcycle News", *US Rider News*: 14, May 2014, archived from the original on 2014-10-06, retrieved 2014-09-30
8. Chris Holmstrom (March 20, 2014), *Motorcycles through alleys 'sound like tanks'*, KOIN

## InfoBox

| Portland Alley Sweeper | |
| --- | --- |
| 2012 Alley Sweeper Urban Enduro poster | |
| Frequency | Annually |
| Location(s) | Portland, Oregon |
| Country | United States |
| Inaugurated | 2009 (2009) |
| Founder | Zac Christensen |
| Most recent | April 13, 2024 |
| Next event | April, 2025 |
| Participants | c. 300 |
| Activity | Motorcycle rally |
| Patron(s) | Sang Froid Riding Club |
| Website | sang-froidridingclub.com |


title: Saint-Hilaire-Cusson-la-Valmitte

abstract: Saint-Hilaire-Cusson-la-Valmitte is a commune in the Loire department in central France.

text:
# Saint-Hilaire-Cusson-la-Valmitte

**Saint-Hilaire-Cusson-la-Valmitte** (French pronunciation: \[sɛ̃.t‿ilɛʁ kysɔ̃ la valmit\]) is a commune in the Loire department in central France.

## InfoBox

| Saint-Hilaire-Cusson-la-Valmitte | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Location of Saint-Hilaire-Cusson-la-Valmitte | |
| Saint-Hilaire-Cusson-la-ValmitteSaint-Hilaire-Cusson-la-Valmitte | |
| Coordinates: 45°22′11″N 4°02′33″E / 45.3697°N 4.0425°E / 45.3697; 4.0425 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |
| Department | Loire |
| Arrondissement | Montbrison |
| Canton | Saint-Just-Saint-Rambert |
| Intercommunality | CA Loire Forez |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Nicole Girodon |
| Area**1** | 18.31 km2 (7.07 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 329 |
| Density | 18/km2 (47/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 42235 /42380 |
| Elevation | 640–977 m (2,100–3,205 ft)
(avg. 915 m or 3,002 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: 1874 Harvard vs. McGill football game

abstract: The 1874 Harvard vs. McGill football game was a two-game series between the Harvard Crimson and the McGill Redmen held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on May 14 and 15, 1874. With the first game being played under the Harvard's "Boston game", the second one was the first rugby-style football game played in the United States. It used three periods or "games" and ended in a scoreless tie. A Princeton vs. Rutgers football game had been played five years earlier, but under a variation of England's The Football Association rules, closer to contemporary soccer than American football. The Boston game rules were developed by the first organized football team, the Oneida Football Club, founded in 1862. Many of its members went on to found, and play for, the Harvard team.

text:
# 1874 Harvard vs. McGill football game

| First rugby football game played in the United States | |
| --- | --- |
| The second game, played under the rugby rules. Harvard players at left, in white shirts | |
|  | |
| 1 2 3 Total  **McGill** 0 0 0 0  **Harvard** 0 0 0 0 | |
| Date | May 15, 1874 |
| Season | 1873 |
| Stadium | Jarvis Field |
| Location | Cambridge |

The **1874 Harvard vs. McGill football game** was a two-game series between the Harvard Crimson and the McGill Redmen held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on May 14 and 15, 1874.

With the first game being played under the Harvard's "Boston game", the second one was the first rugby-style football game played in the United States. It used three periods or "games" and ended in a scoreless tie.

A Princeton vs. Rutgers football game had been played five years earlier (in 1869), but under a variation of England's The Football Association rules, closer to contemporary soccer than American football.

The Boston game rules were developed by the first organized football team, the Oneida Football Club, founded in 1862. Many of its members went on to found, and play for, the Harvard team.

## Overview

On October 20, 1873, representatives from Yale, Columbia, Princeton, and Rutgers met at the Fifth Avenue Hotel in New York City to codify the first set of intercollegiate football rules. Before this meeting, each school had its own set of rules and games were usually played using the home team's own particular code. At this meeting, a list of rules, based more on association football than on rugby football, was drawn up for intercollegiate football games.

Harvard, which played the Boston game, a version of football that allowed carrying, refused to attend this rules conference and continued to play under its own code. While Harvard's voluntary absence from the meeting made it hard for them to schedule games against other American universities, it agreed to a challenge to play McGill University, from Montreal, Canada, in a two-game series.

The McGill team traveled to Cambridge to meet Harvard. On May 14, 1874, the first game, played under Boston rules, was dominated by Harvard, which lead 3–0 after only 22 minutes when the game was ended. The next day, the two teams played under "McGill" rugby rules to a scoreless tie. The first game featured a round ball instead of a rugby-style oblong ball. McGill used a bladder covered by leather instead of a rubber ball as did Harvard, which was much more difficult to kick.

The game drew about 500 attendees, most of whom were students. This series of games represents an important milestone in the development of the modern game of American football. A similar game was played a year later between Harvard and Tufts establishing this as the first game between two American colleges played under rules used in today's version of American football.

At this time, the try was not used in American football. The try would later evolve into the score known as the touchdown. In late 1874, the Harvard team traveled to Montreal to play McGill in rugby, and won by three tries in front of 2,000 spectators.

## InfoBox

| First "Boston rules" football game played in the United States | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 1 Total  **McGill** 0 0  **Harvard** 3 3 | |
| Date | May 14, 1874 |
| Season | 1873 |
| Stadium | Jarvis Field |
| Location | Cambridge |


title: Punjaithuraipalayam

abstract: Punjaithuraiyampalayam is a panchayat village in Gobichettipalayam taluk in Erode District of Tamil Nadu state, India. It is about 11 km from Gobichettipalayam and 46 km from district headquarters Erode. The village is located on the road connecting Gobichettipalayam with Sathyamangalam via Vaniputhur. Punjaithuraiyampalayam has a population of about 8312.

text:
# Punjaithuraipalayam

**Punjaithuraiyampalayam** is a panchayat village in Gobichettipalayam taluk in Erode District of Tamil Nadu state, India. It is about 11 km from Gobichettipalayam and 46 km from district headquarters Erode. The village is located on the road connecting Gobichettipalayam with Sathyamangalam via Vaniputhur. Punjaithuraiyampalayam has a population of about 8312.

## InfoBox

| Punjaithuraiyampalayam | |
| --- | --- |
| Panchayat village | |
| PunjaithuraiyampalayamLocation in Punjaithuraiyampalayam,Gobichettipalayam,Tamil Nadu, IndiaPunjaithuraiyampalayamPunjaithuraiyampalayam (India) | |
| Coordinates: 11°30′23″N 77°23′56″E / 11.50639°N 77.39889°E / 11.50639; 77.39889 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| Region | Erode (Kongu Nadu) |
| District | Erode |
| Taluk | Gobichettipalayam |
| Languages | |
| Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 638506 |
| Telephone code | 91(04285) |
| Vehicle registration | TN36 |


title: Episinus angulatus

abstract: Episinus angulatus is a small mottled brownish tangle-web spider, found from Europe to Russia. Although it is a widespread European species, it is not common. It is notably found in Lithuania. It can grow up to 5.5mm. The body is rather thin, the flat abdomen broadens a little bit near the end. Adults occur from May to July. Episinus angulatus is found in low vegetation, bushes or under bark. It lives on forest clearings, on badlands and in gardens. It often rests with its legs stretched in front and behind, resembling a tetragnathid. The web only consists of a few threads that reach from the lower branches of a bush down to the ground. The web has roughly an 'H' form. The lower parts of the web contain sticky globules. Females hang the cocoon from a thread. It is very similar to Episinus truncatus.

text:
# Episinus angulatus

***Episinus angulatus*** is a small mottled brownish tangle-web spider, found from Europe to Russia.

Although it is a widespread European species, it is not common. It is notably found in Lithuania.

It can grow up to 5.5mm. The body is rather thin, the flat abdomen broadens a little bit near the end. Adults occur from May to July.

*Episinus angulatus* is found in low vegetation, bushes or under bark. It lives on forest clearings, on badlands and in gardens. It often rests with its legs stretched in front and behind, resembling a tetragnathid. The web only consists of a few threads that reach from the lower branches of a bush down to the ground. The web has roughly an 'H' form. The lower parts of the web contain sticky globules. Females hang the cocoon from a thread.

It is very similar to *Episinus truncatus*.

## InfoBox

| *Episinus angulatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Theridiidae |
| Genus: | *Episinus* |
| Species: | ***E. angulatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Episinus angulatus***<br>(Blackwall, 1836) | |
|
|  | |


title: Defense Audiovisual Agency

abstract: The Defense Audiovisual Agency (DAVA) was a U.S. Department of Defense agency created In June 1979 to "provide centrally managed acquisition, distribution, and depository support and services for selected audiovisual products to all Department of Defense components." DAVA was located at Norton Air Force Base in California. Following reorganization directed by Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger, DAVA was disestablished on 30 September 1985 and its responsibilities were turned over to the military departments.

text:
# Defense Audiovisual Agency

The **Defense Audiovisual Agency** (DAVA) was a U.S. Department of Defense agency created In June 1979 to "provide centrally managed acquisition, distribution, and depository support and services for selected audiovisual products to all Department of Defense components." DAVA was located at Norton Air Force Base in California. Following reorganization directed by Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger, DAVA was disestablished on 30 September 1985 and its responsibilities were turned over to the military departments.

## Citations


title: Southwest Center Mall

abstract:
Southwest Center Mall, formerly Red Bird Mall, is a shopping mall located in Dallas, Texas. Originally owned by the DeBartolo family, it opened in 1975. It was, and remains, the only major one located in the southern half of Dallas. Its original name, Red Bird Mall, came from the Red Bird area of Dallas in which it is located. Initially, it was anchored by four department stores:
  - Sears, which anchored on the eastern side of the mall closed its doors officially to the public January 6, 2019 as part of the closure of 33 Sears stores in the US following the parent company liquidation process for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.
  - JCPenney, which anchored the western end until 2001; The City of Dallas had possession of the space under a 6-month option to buy, which expired on June 7, 2010.
  - Sanger-Harris, was in the middle of the mall on the northern side and closed in 2017.
  - Titche's, was being redeveloped as Fiesta Mundo, but redevelopment stopped and that property still vacant, at middle of the mall on the southern side Later, Montgomery Ward added a store near the Sears location in 1994, on the same side as Dillard's, but was closed in 2001 and replaced by a Burlington Coat Factory. Many of the stores were either opening their first ones in the southern sector of Dallas, or relocated from older shopping centers in the area.

text:
# Southwest Center Mall

**Southwest Center Mall**, formerly **Red Bird Mall**, is a shopping mall located in Dallas, Texas. Originally owned by the DeBartolo family, it opened in 1975. It was, and remains, the only major one located in the southern half of Dallas. Its original name, Red Bird Mall, came from the Red Bird area of Dallas in which it is located.

Initially, it was anchored by four department stores:

* Sears, which anchored on the eastern side of the mall closed its doors officially to the public January 6, 2019 as part of the closure of 33 Sears stores in the US following the parent company liquidation process for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.
* JCPenney, which anchored the western end until 2001; The City of Dallas had possession of the space under a 6-month option to buy, which expired on June 7, 2010 (building has since been demolished).
* Sanger-Harris (later Foley's, then Macy's), was in the middle of the mall on the northern side and closed in 2017.
* Titche's (later Joske's, then purchased by and renamed Dillard's), was being redeveloped as Fiesta Mundo, but redevelopment stopped and that property still vacant, at middle of the mall on the southern side

Later, Montgomery Ward added a store near the Sears location in 1994, on the same side as Dillard's, but was closed in 2001 and replaced by a Burlington Coat Factory. Many of the stores were either opening their first ones in the southern sector of Dallas, or relocated from older shopping centers in the area.

## The decline

The mall did well in the beginning, despite its location in the relatively undeveloped southern portion of Dallas. It is located near the intersection of U.S. Route 67 and Interstate 20 at 3662 W. Camp Wisdom Road. As early as the mid-1980s, demographics began to change dramatically in the area surrounding it, and at the same time a perception of crime began to brand the area so shoppers began taking their business elsewhere. And, in 1988, another regional one, The Parks Mall in Arlington, opened just 15 miles west.

DeBartolo attempted to remodel the mall in 1996, in an attempt to rejuvenate the look. It was then sold to Namco Financial, a California investment group founded by Ezri Namvar, who was later convicted of four counts of wire fraud. In an attempt to attract new tenants, Namco gave it a small refurbishment and new name – Southwest Center Mall. The name changed in 1997. A new food court was added under the reign of DeBartolo. The addition was finished and occupied in 1998 at the northwest entrance. With a price tag of $18 million, it took up the lion's share of updates; upon its change of hands and change of name. In addition, though, Dillard’s increased their store size from 100,000 to 150,000 square feet (14,000 m2), and Sears renovated their entire store in 1998. Montgomery Ward and J.C. Penney left the mall closing their stores in the mall in 2001. This marked the beginning of the end of the mall as stores such as Sam Goody and Old Navy (which had moved in in 2000) closed their locations in 2003 with other big name stores following suit including Dillards.

Namco attempted unsuccessfully to sell the mall to General Growth Properties in 2004.

The property eventually went into bankruptcy in 2008; then foreclosure, the lender Madison Capital picked it up, Cityview Commercial was formed as a partner with Madison. A dynamic General Manager formed a partnership with the city, community, and ownership to assist with the endeavor of turning it around. Much progress was made, the General Manager resigned, and Boxer was hired to manage the property. The former General Manager is slated to rejoin it in April 2011 and is tasked with the final 25% of development and lease up. In 2015, Sears Holdings spun off 235 of its properties, including the Sears at Southwest Center Mall, into Seritage Growth Properties. In 2017, Macy's left the mall leaving another vacant anchor spot as the mall continued its struggles.

On October 15, 2018, it was announced that Sears would be closing as part of a plan to close 142 stores nationwide.

## The future

Although the mall faced bankruptcy in 2008 and ultimately went through foreclosure, The Woodmont Company was hired by the Bankruptcy Trustee to manage it. In August 2008, Woodmont hired a dynamic general manager, which in turn created a team that truly revitalized it. The lender, Madison Capital, picked it up and Retail SWC Mall LLC was formed as a partner with Madison. The City of Dallas hired the ULI (Urban Land Institute) to assess the property and give their recommendations. The City of Dallas then paid to have the six-month option to purchase the former JCPenney building. They did not exercise their option. The former Dillard's building was being built out as a Fiesta Mundo and went into bankruptcy 2011. The general manager created a partnership with the city, community, lender, and ownership to assist with the endeavor of turning it around. Much progress was made, then the general manager resigned; Boxer followed as the management company. The former general manager rejoined it in April 2011 and is charged with the final development and lease up (last 25%).

## Anchors

## InfoBox

Southwest Center Mall
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Dallas, Texas, US |
| Coordinates | 32°39′33″N 96°52′42″W / 32.65914°N 96.878407°W / 32.65914; -96.878407 |
| Opening date | 1975 |
| Developer | Edward J. DeBartolo Corporation |
| Owner | Peter Brodsky |
| No. of stores and services | 110 |
| No. of anchor tenants | 4 (1 open, 3 vacant) |
| Total retail floor area | 1,084,528 square feet (100,756 m2) |
| No. of floors | 2 |
| Website | swcmall.com |


title: Elisabeth Dored

abstract: Elisabeth Braadland Dored was a Norwegian artist and author.

text:
# Elisabeth Dored

**Elisabeth Braadland Dored** (22 March 1908 – 6 September 1972) was a Norwegian artist and author.

## Biography

Elisabeth Sophie Wiel Braadland was born at Idd (now Halden) in Østfold, Norway. Her parents were Birger Braadland (1879-1960) and Ragna Abigael Vogt Stang (1881-1972). She studied art at the Académie Scandinave in Paris under Henry de Waroquier (1881-1970) and trained at the Académie de l'Art Moderne with Othon Friesz (1879-1949) during 1929. She attended the Norwegian National Academy of Fine Arts in Oslo where she studied under Halfdan Strøm in 1931.

In 1935, she married Latvian born cinematographer John Dored (1881-1954). She debuted as an author with *For meg er jorden rund* (1955) in which she tells about the life and career of her husband.

She won the Norwegian Booksellers' Prize (*Bokhandlerprisen*) in 1964 for her historic romance novel *Jeg elsket Tiberius*. The novel was translated into English by Naomi Walford. During 1963, the novel was published under the title *I Loved Tiberius* in Great Britain by Methuen Publishing and in the United States by Pantheon Books.


title: Elizabeth Skidmore Sasser

abstract: Elizabeth Skidmore Sasser was an artist, educator, and architectural historian.

text:
# Elizabeth Skidmore Sasser

**Elizabeth Skidmore Sasser** (March 5, 1918 - August 14, 2005) was an artist, educator, and architectural historian.

## Education

Sasser's undergraduate degree was from the School of Fine Arts at Ohio State University, and she went on to earn a Ph.D. from Ohio State University.

## Career

Texas Technological College hired Sasser in 1949 to teach watercolors courses and Freshmen design studios. Sasser and her husband taught art classes for the children of museum members at The Museum of Texas Technological College. During this era, Sasser's publications were in *School Arts: the Arts Education Magazine,* and address general art education topics such as teacher and parent engagement and individual projects such as three dimensional posters and sculpture. By 1963 Sasser was promoted to professor of architecture, and she was named Faculty Woman of the Year in 1965. In 1986, she transferred into the College of Architecture, and she retired in 1990.

Sasser authored multiple books, most notably *Dugout to Deco: Building in West Texas*, *1880-1930* that traces the history of West Texas architecture, *The World of Spirits and Ancestors in the Art of Western Sub-Saharan Africa*, and she contributed entries to the three-volume set edited by Paul Oliver, *Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World*,

Sasser died on August 14, 2005.

## Selected publications

* Sasser, Elizabeth Skidmore (1969-01-01). *Architecture of Ancient Peru*. Nolan E. Barrick (First ed.). International Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Land Studies, Texas Technological College.
* Milosevich, Paul; Sasser, Elizabeth S. (1992). *Out of the ordinary: the art of Paul Milosevich* (2. \[pr.\] ed.). Lubbock, Tex: Texas Tech Univ. Pr. ISBN 978-0-89672-235-4.
* Skidmore, Elizabeth Sasser (1993). *Dugout To Deco: Building In West Texas, 1880-1930*. Texas Tech University Press.
* Sasser, Elizabeth (1995). *The World of Spirits and Ancestors in the Art of Western Sub-Saharan Africa*. Lubbock, Texas: Texas Tech University Press. ISBN 0896723461.