title: Sigrún Edda Björnsdóttir

abstract: Sigrún Edda Björnsdóttir is an Icelandic actress and author.

text:
# Sigrún Edda Björnsdóttir

**Sigrún Edda Björnsdóttir** (born 30 August 1958) is an Icelandic actress and author.

## Early life

Sigrún was born in Reykjavík, Iceland to parents Guðrún Ásmundsdóttir, actress and Björn Björnsson, flight mechanic. Her half-brother through her mother is the performance artist Ragnar Kjartansson.

## Career

Sigrún graduated from the Icelandic Theater School in 1981. She has played in numerous productions for the National Theater of Iceland as well as other theaters. She has played roles including Pippi Longstocking to Ophelia in *Hamlet*.

## Personal life

Sigrún has two children and is married to set designer Axel Hallkell Jóhannesson.

In 2001, Sigrún released her first book. The book is about a young troll girl Bóla and her friend Hnútur on their adventures from their home in Þingvellir to a 17 June (Iceland's Independence Day) celebration in Reykjavík. Bóla is a character Sigrún created and played for children's television in 1990.

## Filmography

* Morðsaga (1977) as Frú B
* *Óðal feðranna* (1980) as Stelpa á útimóti
* *Atómstöðin* (1984) as Guðný Árland
* *Fastir liðir eins og venjulega* (TV-series) (1985) as Erla
* *SSL-25* (Short) (1990)
* *Einkalíf* (1995) as Sísí, Alexanders mother
* *Áramótaskaup 2001* (2001) various roles
* *Réttur* (TV-series) (2010) as Eva
* *Svartur á leik* (2012) as Sævar K's Mother
* *Metalhead* (2013) as Anna
* *Afinn* (2014) as Erla
* *Ófærð* (TV-series) (2015-2016) as Kolbrún

1. "Tregafullur húmoristi". *www.mbl.is*. Retrieved 2016-03-02.
2. "Borgarleikhúsið - Staff".
3. Helga Kr. Einarsdóttir (2001-11-28). "Falleg, fyndin og fræðandi tröllabörn". Retrieved 2016-03-02  via www.mbl.is.

## InfoBox

| Sigrún Edda Björnsdóttir | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1958-08-30) 30 August 1958<br>Reykjavík, Iceland |
| Nationality | Icelandic |
| Occupation(s) | Actress, Author |
| Years active | 1977–present |
| Known for | *Trapped* |
| Children | 2 |


abstract: Central High School, of Fargo, North Dakota, was the first public high school in Fargo. The Cass County Annex is currently on the site.

text:
# Central High School (Fargo, North Dakota)

**Central High School**, of Fargo, North Dakota, was the first public high school in Fargo. The Cass County Annex is currently on the site.

## History

| External images | |
| --- | --- |
| via North Dakota State University | |
| Fargo High School, 1882-1916 | |
| Fargo Central High School, 1921-1966 | |

Fargo High School and Grade School was a three-story structure built in 1882 at a cost of $40,000. The school had 21 rooms, and it housed all grades from 1 to 12 and had six teachers for the high school, and ten for the lower grades. The first graduating class in 1866 had five students, and in 1908 they had 51 graduates. The high school underwent an expansion in 1900, and sixteen years later, it was destroyed by fire. In 1921, a replacement, Fargo Central High School was built on the same site, and it too succumbed to fire on April 19, 1966.

## InfoBox

| Central High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 1010 2nd Ave. S.
Fargo, North Dakota
United States | |
| Coordinates | 46°52′20″N 96°47′42″W / 46.87222°N 96.79500°W / 46.87222; -96.79500 |
| Information | |
| Established | 1882 |


title: Chamaerhodos

abstract: Chamaerhodos is a genus of plants in the family Rosaceae

text:
# Chamaerhodos

***Chamaerhodos***  is a genus of plants in the family Rosaceae

## Species

Media related to *Chamaerhodos* at Wikimedia Commons

Data related to *Chamaerhodos* at Wikispecies

## InfoBox

| *Chamaerhodos* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Chamaerhodos altaica* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Subfamily: | Rosoideae |
| Tribe: | Potentilleae |
| Subtribe: | Fragariinae |
| Genus: | *Chamaerhodos*
Bunge |
|
| Type species | |
| *Chamaerhodos erecta*
 | |
| Species | |
| See text | |


title: Central Pacolet, South Carolina

abstract: Central Pacolet is a town in Spartanburg County, South Carolina, United States, along the Pacolet River. The population was 216 at the 2010 census.

text:
# Central Pacolet, South Carolina

**Central Pacolet** is a town in Spartanburg County, South Carolina, United States, along the Pacolet River. The population was 216 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

Central Pacolet is located at 34°54′25″N 81°45′12″W / 34.907065°N 81.753356°W / 34.907065; -81.753356.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2), all land.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1960 | 333 |  |  |
| 1970 | 483 |  | 45.0% |
| 1980 | 315 |  | −34.8% |
| 1990 | 257 |  | −18.4% |
| 2000 | 267 |  | 3.9% |
| 2010 | 216 |  | −19.1% |
| 2020 | 209 |  | −3.2% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the census of 2000, there were 267 people, 125 households, and 70 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,107.6 inhabitants per square mile (427.6/km2). There were 147 housing units at an average density of 609.8 per square mile (235.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 93.26% White, 2.25% African American, 3.37% Asian, 1.12% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.75% of the population.

There were 125 households, out of which 19.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.0% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.2% were non-families. 41.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.3% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 22.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $25,625, and the median income for a family was $36,125. Males had a median income of $29,167 versus $20,833 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,663. About 14.5% of families and 17.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.7% of those under the age of eighteen and 13.6% of those 65 or over.

## InfoBox

| Central Pacolet, South Carolina | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Location of Central Pacolet, South Carolina | |
| Coordinates: 34°54′25″N 81°45′12″W / 34.90694°N 81.75333°W / 34.90694; -81.75333 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | South Carolina |
| County | Spartanburg |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.24 sq mi (0.61 km2) |
| Land | 0.24 sq mi (0.61 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 686 ft (209 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 209 |
| Density | 885.59/sq mi (341.32/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 29372 |
| Area codes | 864, 821 |
| FIPS code | 45-13060 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1231152 |


# Siege of Vicksburg order of battle: Confederate

The following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the Siege of Vicksburg of the American Civil War. The Union order of battle is listed separately. Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the campaign.

## Abbreviations used

### Military Officer Rank

### Other

* **w** = wounded
* **mw** = mortally wounded
* **k** = killed

## Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana

### Army of Vicksburg

LTG John C. Pemberton, Commanding

| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Stevenson's Division

MG Carter L. Stevenson | 1st Brigade
BG Seth M. Barton | * 40th Georgia: Ltc Robert M. Young * 41st Georgia: Col William E. Curtiss * 42nd Georgia: Col Robert J. Henderson * 43rd Georgia: Col Skidmore Harris (**k**), Cpt Mathadeas M. Grantham * 52nd Georgia: Maj John Jay Moore * Pettus Flying (Mississippi) Artillery: Lt Milton H. Trantham * Pointe Coupee (Louisiana) Artillery Co A (section/2 guns): Lt John Yoist * Pointe Coupee (Louisiana) Artillery, Co C (4 guns): Cpt Alexander Chust |
| | 2nd Brigade
BG Alfred Cumming | * 34th Georgia: Col James A. W. Johnson * 36th Georgia: Maj Charles E. Broyles * 39th Georgia: Ltc Joseph F. B. Jackson * 56th Georgia: Ltc John T. Slaughter * 57th Georgia: Col William Barkuloo * Cherokee (Georgia) Artillery: Cpt Max van den Corput |
| | 3rd Brigade
BG Stephen D. Lee | * 20th Alabama: Col Isham W. Garrott (**k**), Col Edmund W. Pettus * 23rd Alabama: Col Franklin K. Beck * 30th Alabama: Cpt John C. Francis * 31st Alabama: Ltc Thomas M. Arrington * 46th Alabama: Cpt George E. Brewer * Alabama Battery: Cpt James F. Waddell |
| | 4th Brigade
Col Alexander W. Reynolds | * 3rd Tennessee (Provisional Army): Col Newton J. Lillard * 39th Tennessee: Col William M. Bradford * 43rd Tennessee: Col James W. Gillespie * 59th Tennessee: Col William L. Eakin * 3rd Maryland Battery: Cpt John B. Rowan |
| | Waul's Texas Legion
Col Thomas Neville Waul | * 1st Battalion (Infantry): Maj Eugene S. Bolling * 2nd Battalion (Infantry): Ltc James Wrigley * Cavalry Battalion: Lt Thomas J. Cleveland * Artillery Company: Cpt John Q. Wall |
| | Attached | * 1st (Carter's) Tennessee Cavalry, Company C: Cpt Richard S. Vandyke * Botetourt (Virginia) Artillery: Lt James P. Wright * Signal Corps: Lt C. H. Barrot |
| Forney's Division

MG John H. Forney | Hebert's Brigade
BG Louis Hébert |  |
| | Moore's Brigade
BG John C. Moore |  |
| Smith's Division

MG Martin L. Smith | Baldwin's Brigade
BG William E. Baldwin |  |
| | Vaughn's Brigade
BG John C. Vaughn |  |
| | Shoup's Brigade
BG Francis A. Shoup |  |
| | Mississippi State Troops
BG Jeptha V. Harris | * 5th Regiment: Col Henry C. Robinson * 3rd Battalion: Ltc Thomas A. Burgin |
| | Attached | * 14th Mississippi Light Artillery Battalion: Maj Matthew S. Ward * Mississippi Partisan Rangers: Cpt James S. Smyth * Signal Corps: Cpt Max. T. Davidson |
| Bowen's Division

MG John S. Bowen | 1st (Missouri) Brigade
Col Francis Cockrell |  |
| | 2nd Brigade
BG Martin E. Green (**k**)
Col Thomas P. Dockery |  |
| Artillery | River Batteries
Col Edward Higgins | * 1st Louisiana Heavy Artillery (8 companies): Ltc Daniel Beltzhoover * 8th Louisiana Heavy Artillery Battalion (3 companies): Maj Frederick N. Ogden * 22nd (ex-23rd) Louisiana (4 companies): Cpt Samuel Jones * 1st Tennessee Heavy Artillery (4 companies): Col Andrew Jackson, Jr. * Tennessee Battery: Cpt J.B. Caruthers * Tennessee Battery: Cpt Thomas N. Johnston * Tennessee Battery: Cpt J. Peyton Lynch * Vaiden (Mississippi) Battery (1st Mississippi Artillery, Battery L): Cpt Samuel C. Bains |
|  | Miscellaneous | * 54th Alabama (detachment): Lt Joel P. Abney * City Guards: Cpt E.B. Martin * Signal Corps: Cpt C.A. King |


# Siege of Vicksburg order of battle: Union

The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Siege of Vicksburg of the American Civil War. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately. Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the campaign.

## Abbreviations used

### Military rank

### Other

## Army of the Tennessee

MG Ulysses S. Grant, Commanding
**General Staff**:

**General Headquarters**:

### IX Corps

MG John Parke

| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
| --- | --- | --- |
| First Division

BG Thomas Welsh | 1st Brigade
Col Henry Bowman |  |
| | 3rd Brigade
Col Daniel Leasure |  |
| | Artillery |  |
| Second Division

BG Robert B. Potter | 1st Brigade
Col Simon Goodell Griffin |  |
| | 2nd Brigade
BG Edward Ferrero |  |
| | 3rd Brigade
Col Benjamin C. Christ |  |
| | Artillery |  |
|  | Artillery Reserve |  |

### XIII Corps

MG John A. McClernand
MG Edward Ord

Escort

Pioneers

| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ninth Division

BG Peter J. Osterhaus | 1st Brigade
BG Albert L. Lee (**w** May 19)
Col James Keigwin |  |
| | 2nd Brigade
Col Daniel W. Lindsey |  |
| | Cavalry |  |
| | Artillery
Cpt Jacob T. Foster |  |
| Tenth Division

BG Andrew J. Smith
Escort
* 4th Indiana Cavalry, Company C: Cpt Andrew P. Gallagher | 1st Brigade
BG Stephen G. Burbridge |  |
| | 2nd Brigade
Col William J. Landram |  |
| | Artillery |  |
| Twelfth Division

BG Alvin P. Hovey
Escort
* 1st Indiana Cavalry, Company C: Lt James L. Carey | 1st Brigade
BG George F. McGinnis |  |
| | 2nd Brigade
Col James R. Slack |  |
| | Artillery |  |
| Fourteenth Division

BG Eugene A. Carr
Escort | 1st Brigade
BG William P. Benton
Col Henry D. Washburn
Col David Shunk |  |
| | 2nd Brigade
BG Michael K. Lawler |  |
| | Artillery |  |

### XV Corps

MG William T. Sherman

* Chief of Staff: Ltc John Henry Hammond
* Chief of Artillery: Maj Ezra Taylor

| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
| --- | --- | --- |
| First Division

MG Frederick Steele | 1st Brigade
Col Francis H. Manter
Col Bernard G. Farrar |  |
| | 2nd Brigade
Col Charles R. Woods |  |
| | 3rd Brigade
BG John M. Thayer |  |
| | Artillery | * 1st Battery, Iowa Light: Cpt Henry H. Griffiths * Battery F, 2nd Missouri Light: Cpt Clemens Landgraeber * 4th Battery, Ohio Light: Cpt Louis Hoffmann |
| | Cavalry |  |
| Second Division

MG Francis Preston Blair Jr. | 1st Brigade
Col Giles A. Smith |  |
| | 2nd Brigade
Col Thomas Kilby Smith
BG Joseph A. J. Lightburn |  |
| | 3rd Brigade
BG Hugh Boyle Ewing |  |
| | Artillery |  |
| | Cavalry |  |
| Third Division

BG James M. Tuttle | 1st Brigade
BG Ralph P. Buckland
Col William L. McMillen |  |
| | 2nd Brigade
BG Joseph A. Mower |  |
| | 3rd Brigade
BG Charles L. Matthies
Col Joseph J. Woods |  |
| | Artillery
Cpt Nelson T. Spoor |  |
|  | Unattached cavalry |  |

### XVI Corps (detachment)

MG Cadwallader C. Washburn

| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
| --- | --- | --- |
| First Division

BG William Sooy Smith
Escort | 1st Brigade
Col John Mason Loomis
Col Sanford J. Stoughton |  |
| | 2nd Brigade
Col Stephen G. Hicks |  |
| | 3rd Brigade
Col Joseph R. Cockerill |  |
| | 4th Brigade
Col William W. Sanford |  |
| | Artillery
Cpt William Cogswell |  |
| Fourth Division

BG Jacob G. Lauman | 1st Brigade
Col Isaac C. Pugh |  |
| | 2nd Brigade
Col Cyrus Hall |  |
| | 3rd Brigade
Col George E. Bryant
Col Amory K. Johnson |  |
| | Cavalry |  |
| | Artillery.
Cpt George C. Gumbart |  |
| Provisional Division

BG Nathan Kimball | Engelmann's Brigade
Col Adolph Engelmann |  |
| | Richmond's Brigade
Col Jonathan Richmond |  |
| | Montgomery's Brigade
Col Milton Montgomery |  |

### XVII Corps

MG James B. McPherson

Escort

* 4th Company Ohio Cavalry: Cpt John S. Foster

| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Third Division

MG John A. Logan
Escort | 1st Brigade
BG John E. Smith
BG Mortimer D. Leggett |  |
| | 2nd Brigade
BG Mortimer D. Leggett
Col Manning F. Force |  |
| | 3rd Brigade
BG John Dunlap Stevenson |  |
| | Artillery
Maj Charles J. Stolbrand |  |
| Sixth Division

BG John McArthur
Escort | 1st Brigade
(Post of Lake Providence)
BG Hugh T. Reid |  |
| | 2nd Brigade
BG Thomas E.G. Ransom |  |
| | 3rd Brigade
Col William Hall
Col Alexander Chambers |  |
| | Artillery
Maj Thomas D. Maurice |  |
| Seventh Division

BG Isaac Quinby
BG John E. Smith
Escort | 1st Brigade
Col John B. Sanborn |  |
| | 2nd Brigade
Col Samuel A. Holmes
Col Green B. Raum |  |
| | 3rd Brigade
Col George B. Boomer (**k** May 22)
Col Holden Putnam
BG Charles L. Matthies |  |
| | Artillery.
Cpt Frank C. Sands
Cpt Henry Dillon |  |
| Herron's Division

MG Francis J. Herron | 1st Brigade
BG William Vandever |  |
| | 2nd Brigade
BG William W. Orme |  |
|  | Unattached cavalry
Col Cyrus Bussey |  |

### District of Northeast Louisiana

BG Elias S. Dennis

| **Brigades** | **Regiments and batteries** |
| --- | --- |
| Detached Brigade
Col George W. Neeley |  |
| African Brigade
Col Isaac F. Shephard |  |
| Post of Goodrich's Landing, La.
Col William F. Wood |  |


title: Simaba

abstract: Simaba is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Simaroubaceae. Its native range stretches from southern tropical America and Trinidad, across to western tropical Africa to Angola then across to western Malesia. It was first published by French botanist Jean Baptiste Christophore Fusée Aublet (1720–1778), in Hist. Pl. Guiane on page 409 in 1775. Hans Peter Nooteboom (1934–2022) in 1962, took a very broad view of the genus Quassia L. and included therein various genera including, Hannoa Planch., Odyendyea (Pierre) Engl., Pierreodendron Engl., Samadera Gaertn., Simaba Aubl. and Simarouba Aubl. In 2007, molecular analyses of the Simaroubaceae family, suggested the splitting up of genera Quassia again, with all Nooteboom's synonyms listed above being resurrected as independent genera.

text:
# Simaba

***Simaba*** is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Simaroubaceae.

Its native range stretches from southern tropical America and Trinidad, across to western tropical Africa to Angola then across to western Malesia.

It was first published by French botanist Jean Baptiste Christophore Fusée Aublet (1720–1778), in Hist. Pl. Guiane on page 409 in 1775.

Hans Peter Nooteboom (1934–2022) in 1962 (published in 1963), took a very broad view of the genus *Quassia* L. and included therein various genera including, *Hannoa* Planch., *Odyendyea* (Pierre) Engl., *Pierreodendron* Engl., *Samadera* Gaertn., *Simaba* Aubl. and *Simarouba* Aubl. In 2007, molecular analyses of the Simaroubaceae family (Clayton et al., 2007), suggested the splitting up of genera *Quassia* again, with all Nooteboom's synonyms listed above being resurrected as independent genera.

## Species

As accepted by Plants of the World Online;

## Distribution

The genus is native to the countries (and regions) of; southern America (within Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panamá, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela), the Caribbean, (within Trinidad and Tobago), tropical Africa (within Angola, Cabinda (in Angola), Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and Zaïre (now Democratic Republic of the Congo) and western Malesia (within Borneo and Sumatra).

## InfoBox

| *Simaba* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Simaba cedron-Semilla | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Simaroubaceae |
| Genus: | *Simaba*<br>Aubl. |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Aruba* Aubl. in Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 293 (1775) * *Phyllostema* Neck. in Elem. Bot. 2: 301 (1790), opus utique oppr. * *Zwingera* Schreb. in Gen. Pl., ed. 8\[a\].: 802 (1791), nom. illeg. | |


abstract: The Sigma 4.5mm f/2.8 EX DC circular fisheye is a photographic lens manufactured by Sigma Corporation. It is a circular fisheye lens, designed to project a 180-degree field of view in all directions onto a circular image. It is the first such lens to provide the complete circular fisheye effect on crop factor digital SLR cameras, which do not have a full 36x24mm sensor. This lens is available in Canon, Nikon, Sigma, Pentax and Sony mounts. This lens projects a 13mm image circle, which fits nicely in a Micro Four Thirds system frame with an adapter.

text:
# Sigma 4.5mm f/2.8 EX DC Circular Fisheye HSM lens

The **Sigma 4.5mm f/2.8 EX DC circular fisheye** is a photographic lens manufactured by Sigma Corporation. It is a circular fisheye lens, designed to project a 180-degree field of view in all directions onto a circular image. It is the first such lens to provide the complete circular fisheye effect on crop factor digital SLR cameras, which do not have a full 36x24mm sensor. This lens is available in Canon, Nikon, Sigma, Pentax and Sony mounts.

This lens projects a 13mm image circle, which fits nicely in a Micro Four Thirds system frame with an adapter.

1. "Sigma 4.5mm F2.8 EX DC Circular Fisheye HSM". Retrieved 2009-08-21.

## InfoBox

Sigma 4.5mm f/2.8 EX DC circular fisheye
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Maker | Sigma Corporation |
| Technical data | |
| Type | circular fisheye lens |
| Focus drive | Ultrasonic motor |
| Focal length | 4.5mm |
| Crop factor | 180 degrees |
| Aperture (max/min) | f/2.8 |
| Close focus distance | 13.5cm |
| Max. magnification | 1:6 |
| Diaphragm blades | 6 |
| Construction | 13 elements in 9 groups |
| Features | |
| Short back focus | No |
| Lens-based stabilization | No |
| Macro capable | No |
| Unique features | circular fisheye |
| Physical | |
| Max. length | 77.8mm |
| Diameter | 76.2mm |
| Weight | 470g *(16.6oz)* |
| Filter diameter | rear (Gelatin filter) |
| Accessories | |
| Lens hood | none |
| Angle of view | |
| Horizontal | 180 |
| Vertical | 180 |
| Diagonal | 180 |
| Retail info | |
| MSRP | $1400USD |


title: Simmons Point Station

abstract: Simmons Point Station is the name of a house near the unincorporated settlement of Globe in Marion Township, Douglas County, Kansas. The building was constructed in the 1880s as a way station for travelers on the Santa Fe Trail, and it was run by Phillip and Elmira Dodder Simmons. In 1995, the United States National Park Service certified the house as a historic site. However, no settlement in the area claimed the building, causing it to fall into disrepair. Today, it is in an advanced state of deterioration and nearing collapse.

text:
# Simmons Point Station

38°47′02″N 95°26′04″W / 38.783847°N 95.434518°W / 38.783847; -95.434518

**Simmons Point Station** is the name of a house near the unincorporated settlement of Globe in Marion Township, Douglas County, Kansas. The building was constructed in the 1880s as a way station for travelers on the Santa Fe Trail, and it was run by Phillip and Elmira Dodder Simmons.

In 1995, the United States National Park Service certified the house as a historic site. However, no settlement in the area claimed the building, causing it to fall into disrepair. Today, it is in an advanced state of deterioration and nearing collapse.

## InfoBox

| Simmons Point Station | |
| --- | --- |
| Way Station | |
| The Simmons Point Station in 2009. Since then, the building has substantially deteriorated. | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kansas |
| County | Douglas |
| Time zone | Central (CST) |
| Area code | 785 |


title: Chambost-Allières

abstract: Chambost-Allières is a commune in the Rhône department in eastern France.

text:
# Chambost-Allières

**Chambost-Allières** (French pronunciation: \[ʃɑ̃bo aljɛʁ\]) is a commune in the Rhône department in eastern France.

## Demography

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 606 |  |
| 1975 | 658 | +1.18% |
| 1982 | 658 | +0.00% |
| 1990 | 618 | −0.78% |
| 1999 | 617 | −0.02% |
| 2009 | 779 | +2.36% |
| 2014 | 807 | +0.71% |
| 2020 | 830 | +0.47% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

Communes of the Rhône department

## InfoBox

| Chambost-Allières | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| A general view of Chambost-Allières | |
| Location of Chambost-Allières | |
| Chambost-AllièresChambost-Allières | |
| Coordinates: 46°01′09″N 4°29′57″E / 46.0192°N 4.4992°E / 46.0192; 4.4992 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |
| Department | Rhône |
| Arrondissement | Villefranche-sur-Saône |
| Canton | Tarare |
| Intercommunality | CA de l'Ouest Rhodanien |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Vincent Corgier |
| Area**1** | 14.14 km2 (5.46 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 831 |
| Density | 59/km2 (150/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 69037 /69870 |
| Elevation | 320–865 m (1,050–2,838 ft)
(avg. 320 m or 1,050 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Ceratodoris

abstract: Ceratodoris is a recovered genus of nudibranchs, formerly synonymized with Okenia.

text:
# Ceratodoris

***Ceratodoris*** is a recovered genus of nudibranchs, formerly synonymized with *Okenia*.

## InfoBox

| *Ceratodoris* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Ceratodoris rosacea* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Nudibranchia |
| Superfamily: | Onchidoridoidea |
| Family: | Goniodorididae |
| Subfamily: | Goniodorinae |
| Genus: | *Ceratodoris*<br>J. E. Gray, 1850 |
|


title: Simeon Lazović

abstract: Simeon Lazović was a Montenegrin Serb painter and one of the most famous icon painters of his time in the Balkans.

text:
# Simeon Lazović

**Simeon Lazović** (Serbian Cyrillic: Симеон Лазовић; c. 1745 – 1817) was a Montenegrin Serb painter and one of the most famous icon painters of his time in the Balkans.

## Biography

Born in Bijelo Polje in Montenegro, the priest Simeon Lazović and his son Aleksije are best known for having painted the icons of the altar screens (iconostases) and the walls of St. Dimitrius and St. Nicholas Serbian Orthodox chapels in Kosovo. Most of the icons belong to the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; the best among them were done by Simeon Lazović at the end of the eighteenth century. His style continued the tradition of Byzantine painting. He is the father of the painter Aleksije Lazović.

## Works

Among the works painted by Simeon Lazović are icons preserved in the wooden church of Kućani in 1780 and in the church of Sirogojno in 1764 in the Zlatibor Mountains. He also worked at the iconostasis of the Klisura Monastery in the Church of St. Achillius in Arilje or that of the Monastery of the Holy Trinity of Pljevlja. With his son Aleksije, he painted the iconostases of both Saint Demetrius and Saint Nicolas chapels at the Dečani monastery (Kosovo) and the iconostasis of the Savina monastery church near Herceg Novi in Boka Kotorska (Montenegro) in 1795. Also, he is the author of the 1805 iconostasis and frescoes for the Church of St. Nicholas in Brezova, and many more throughout Dalmatia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia.


title: Simeon Mangiuca

abstract: Simeon Mangiuca was an Austro-Hungarian ethnic Romanian folklorist. Born in Broșteni, Caraș-Severin County, in the Banat region, his father Ioachim was a Romanian Orthodox priest; his mother Calina died of tuberculosis when Simeon and his brother were young. Following primary school in his native village, he attended secondary school in nearby Oravița before going on to Szeged, Lugoj and Oradea. He studied law at the Royal University of Pest from 1852 to 1855. While there, he began learning the Romance languages, particularly Italian and Spanish. He subsequently went to Vršac (Vârșeț), where he took theology from 1856 to 1858, upon his father's insistence. Later, his theological studies would be useful in his research on folk practices, and he also learned Serbian while in the town. In 1858, he was named a government lawyer in Timișoara and a teacher of Romanian language and literature at the gymnasium in the same city. Also in 1858, he married Ana Miletici, the daughter of a large landowner from Oravița. As a teacher, he was intensely involved in Romanian cultural activity. When political conditions allowed, he pressed for the establishment of a Romanian-language newspaper in Timișoara, believing that this was the best means of organizing a populace that had become passive following the 1848 revolution. In 1861, he was elected chief administrator for the Jamu Mare district by the voters of his county, and he held the post for some eight years. In 1868, he passed the bar examination; the following year, he left government administration and settled as a lawyer in Oravița. Popular with those around him, Mangiuca was a leader of the local Romanian community. He was friends with Atanasie Marian Marienescu, whom some claim introduced Mangiuca to folklore, although this is disputed. While Marienescu was an ardent collector of folklore, Mangiuca's collecting activity was limited to the songs for the dead published in two studies. By contrast, he was more valued as a historian, linguist and ethnologist, an exegete of folklore. He dedicated his free time to study and to writing. He regularly contributed articles to a number of Romanian publications in the empire, especially Albina (Vienna), Luminătoriul (Timișoara) and Familia (Oradea). In the latter magazine, he published studies about Baba Dochia, Romanian botanical terminology and Latin-origin words specific to the Banat dialect. He also wrote a number of books, and the Romanian Academy elected him an honorary member in March 1890. He suffered from a heart condition that threw him into depression, and he died later that year. He donated his rich personal library to Astra.

text:
# Simeon Mangiuca

**Simeon Mangiuca** (September 2, 1831  December 4 \[O.S. November 22\] 1890) was an Austro-Hungarian ethnic Romanian folklorist.

Born in Broșteni, Caraș-Severin County, in the Banat region, his father Ioachim was a Romanian Orthodox priest; his mother Calina (*née* Berceanu) died of tuberculosis when Simeon and his brother were young. Following primary school in his native village, he attended secondary school in nearby Oravița before going on to Szeged, Lugoj and Oradea. He studied law at the Royal University of Pest from 1852 to 1855. While there, he began learning the Romance languages, particularly Italian and Spanish. He subsequently went to Vršac (*Vârșeț*), where he took theology from 1856 to 1858, upon his father's insistence. Later, his theological studies would be useful in his research on folk practices, and he also learned Serbian while in the town. In 1858, he was named a government lawyer in Timișoara and a teacher of Romanian language and literature at the gymnasium in the same city. Also in 1858, he married Ana Miletici, the daughter of a large landowner from Oravița. As a teacher, he was intensely involved in Romanian cultural activity. When political conditions allowed, he pressed for the establishment of a Romanian-language newspaper in Timișoara, believing that this was the best means of organizing a populace that had become passive following the 1848 revolution. In 1861, he was elected chief administrator for the Jamu Mare district by the voters of his county, and he held the post for some eight years. In 1868, he passed the bar examination; the following year, he left government administration and settled as a lawyer in Oravița.

Popular with those around him, Mangiuca was a leader of the local Romanian community. He was friends with Atanasie Marian Marienescu, whom some claim introduced Mangiuca to folklore, although this is disputed. While Marienescu was an ardent collector of folklore, Mangiuca's collecting activity was limited to the songs for the dead published in two studies. By contrast, he was more valued as a historian, linguist and ethnologist, an exegete of folklore. He dedicated his free time to study and to writing. He regularly contributed articles to a number of Romanian publications in the empire, especially *Albina* (Vienna), *Luminătoriul* (Timișoara) and *Familia* (Oradea). In the latter magazine, he published studies about Baba Dochia, Romanian botanical terminology and Latin-origin words specific to the Banat dialect. He also wrote a number of books, and the Romanian Academy elected him an honorary member in March 1890. He suffered from a heart condition that threw him into depression, and he died later that year. He donated his rich personal library to Astra.

* Marcu Mihail Deleanu, *Academicianul Simeon Mangiuca (1831-1890)*. Iași: Editura Timpul, 2002. ISBN 978-973-813-663-2


abstract: The Silliman University College of Engineering and Design is one of the constituent colleges of Silliman University, a private research university in Dumaguete, Philippines. The college started as the Department of Engineering in 1932, then offering a single course in Civil Engineering. By the time Silliman acquired university status, Silliman proceeded to provide additional undergraduate programs. At present, the college provides undergraduate courses in Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Architecture. It is currently housed in three buildings, referred to as the Engineering Complex composed of Calderon Hall, Uytengsu Hall, and Batchelor Hall.

text:
# Silliman University College of Engineering and Design

The **Silliman University College of Engineering and Design** is one of the constituent colleges of Silliman University, a private research university in Dumaguete, Philippines. The college started as the Department of Engineering in 1932, then offering a single course in Civil Engineering. By the time Silliman acquired university status, Silliman proceeded to provide additional undergraduate programs. At present, the college provides undergraduate courses in Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Architecture. It is currently housed in three buildings, referred to as the Engineering Complex composed of Calderon Hall, Uytengsu Hall, and Batchelor Hall.


title: Chalan Kiya, Saipan

abstract: Chalan Kiya is a settlement on the island of Saipan in the Northern Mariana Islands.

text:
# Chalan Kiya, Saipan

**Chalan Kiya** is a settlement (sometimes termed a village or district) on the island of Saipan in the Northern Mariana Islands.

## InfoBox

| Chalan Kiya | |
| --- | --- |
| Settlement | |
| Chalan Kiya | |
| Coordinates: 15°09′48″N 145°43′02″E / 15.16333°N 145.71722°E / 15.16333; 145.71722 | |
| Territory | Northern Mariana Islands |
| Elevation | 23 ft (7 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 1,062 |


title: Chalana River

abstract: The Chalana River is a river of Santa Catarina state in southeastern Brazil. It is part of the Uruguay River basin.

text:
# Chalana River

The  **Chalana River** is a river of Santa Catarina state in southeastern Brazil. It is part of the Uruguay River basin.

## InfoBox

| Chalana River | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Santa Catarina state |
|  | |
| Mouth | Uruguay River |
| coordinates | 27°8′S 52°42′W / 27.133°S 52.700°W / -27.133; -52.700 |


title: Sinarcas

abstract: Sinarcas is a municipality in the Valencian Community and is located about one hour's drive inland from the city of Valencia. Primarily an agricultural town, local produce includes grapes, lavender and wheat. There is also a large battery chicken egg production locally.

text:
# Sinarcas

**Sinarcas** is a municipality in the Valencian Community (province of Valencia) and is located about one hour's drive inland from the city of Valencia. Primarily an agricultural town, local produce includes grapes, lavender and wheat. There is also a large battery chicken egg production locally.

## Geography

The area is surrounded by pine forest and mediterranean scrub including lavender on the hillsides and gets very dry in the Summer. The altitude is around 1000 m and so it is consequently relatively cool in Summer compared with more coastal locations.

This sleepy town has suffered from the emigration of the younger demographic to towns where there is more work to be found.

## Cuisine

Local specialities include casseroled Lamb knees and a heavy soup containing home-made pasta and beans.

## Amenities

* Internet facilities in library
* Post office
* Three shops
* Several bars
* Primary School
* Pharmacy
* Fire Station

## InfoBox

| Sinarcas | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| The Town Hall | |
|  | |
| SinarcasLocation of Sinarcas in SpainSinarcasSinarcas (Valencian Community)SinarcasSinarcas (Spain) | |
| Coordinates: 39°44′2″N 1°13′50″W / 39.73389°N 1.23056°W / 39.73389; -1.23056 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Valencian Community |
| Province | Valencia |
| Comarca | Requena-Utiel |
| Judicial district | Requena |
| Government | |
| Alcalde | Fidel Clemente Mas (PSPV-PSOE) |
| Area | |
| Total | 102.5 km2 (39.6 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 899 m (2,949 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 1,124 |
| Density | 11/km2 (28/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Sinarqueño/a |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 46320 |
| Official language(s) | Spanish |
| Website | Official website |


title: Siloe Patera

abstract: Siloe Patera is a patera in the Arabia Terra area on the planet Mars. Lying south of the Martian dichotomy boundary, it measures 30 km (19 mi) x 40 km (25 mi) across. The patera is a collection of deep craters that extend approximately 1,750 m (5,740 ft) beneath the Arabia Terra surface. It features scarps, faults and steep crater walls. Extending 60 km (37 mi) from the southwestern part of the crater are thought to be lava or pyroclastic flows. One of several irregularly-shaped craters in the region, it is thought to be the caldera of a supervolcano, according to research by J. R. Michalski and J. E. Bleacher in 2013. The caldera formed when a volcanic structure collapsed. The scientists speculated that it is a caldera rather than an impact crater because of its irregular shape, the absence of a raised rim or central peak, and lack of impact ejecta. These explosive volcanoes erupted during the planet's first billion years. They are thought to have produced fine-grained sediments that deposited in layers.

text:
# Siloe Patera

**Siloe Patera** is a patera in the Arabia Terra area on the planet Mars. Lying south of the Martian dichotomy boundary, it measures 30 km (19 mi) x 40 km (25 mi) across. The patera is a collection of deep craters that extend approximately 1,750 m (5,740 ft) beneath the Arabia Terra surface. It features scarps, faults and steep crater walls. Extending 60 km (37 mi) from the southwestern part of the crater are thought to be lava or pyroclastic flows. One of several irregularly-shaped craters in the region, it is thought to be the caldera of a supervolcano, according to research by J. R. Michalski and J. E. Bleacher in 2013. The caldera formed when a volcanic structure collapsed. The scientists speculated that it is a caldera rather than an impact crater because of its irregular shape, the absence of a raised rim or central peak, and lack of impact ejecta. These explosive volcanoes erupted during the planet's first billion years. They are thought to have produced fine-grained sediments that deposited in layers.

## InfoBox

Siloe Patera
| Siloe Patera in Arabia Terra photographed by the HRSC aboard Mars Express | |
| --- | --- |
| Feature type | Patera |
| Coordinates | 33°36′N 348°54′E / 33.6°N 348.9°E / 33.6; 348.9 |
| Naming | Classical albedo feature name |


title: Chance (ship)

abstract: Several vessels have been named Chance:

text:
# Chance (ship)

Several vessels have been named ***Chance***:

## Mercantile vessels of the Age of Sail

### *Chance* (1786 ship)

*Chance*, a schooner of 39 tons (bm), was launched in 1786 at St John's Newfoundland. She became a Liverpool-based slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. Captain Jame Millbanke sailed from Liverpool on 31 March 1787. She was condemned on the coast of Africa as unfit for service. In 1787 nine British enslaving vessels were lost, four of them on the coast.

### *Chance* (1786 London ship)

*Chance* was a schooner launched in Virginia in 1779, probably under another name. From 1786 she traded between London and Africa, though she may have traded in enslaved people within African waters. A tornado on 28 March 1789 upset her. Her crew saved themselves, but abandoned her and the 33 captives onboard. By chance, another vessel later was able to rescue the 11 captives by then still alive.

### *Chance* (1799 ship)

*Chance* (1799 ship) was built in India c.1799. She was captured and recaptured before being lost near Saint Mary's Bay, Madagascar in May 1799.

### *Chance* (1846 barque)

*Chance* was built in Salem, Massachusetts (possibly in 1846), as *North West*. She was renamed *Chance* in 1863 when owned in Australia. From 1874 to 1876 she was an Invercargill-based whaling ship before being reduced to a coaling hulk at Bluff. She was ashore at Bluff in 1902.

## Royal Navy

* HMS *Galgo* (1799) was a Jamaican privateer that the Spanish Navy captured in 1797 and named *Galgo Inglés* (*English greyhound*), and that the British captured in November 1799. In her brief career she detained, took, or destroyed a number of small prizes before October 1800, when she foundered, with the loss of most of her crew and passengers. The Admiralty had intended to rename her HMS *Chance*, but she was lost before the change could take effect.
* HMS *Chance* (J12) was an *Auk*-class minesweeper launched by Associated SB, Seattle, on 27 November 1942. She was transferred to the UK on Lend Lease on 13 November 1943, where she was classified as a *Catherine*-class minesweeper. The UK returned her to the United States Navy in 1946, who sold her in March to the Turkish Navy, which named her *Edremit*. The Turkish Navy withdrew her from service in 1973.

## Citations

* Inikori, Joseph (1996). "Measuring the unmeasured hazards of the Atlantic slave trade: Documents relating to the British trade". *Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer*. **83** (312): 53–92.


title: RSD 58

abstract: The RSD 58 is an early production surface-to-air missile system developed by Contraves-Oerlikon in Switzerland from 1947. Test firings were made in Switzerland and Italy in 1958, and Japan placed a small order for training purposes, but the missile was not produced in high numbers. The missile system was developed from the earlier RSA Missile developed by the same companies.

text:
# RSD 58

The **RSD 58** is an early production surface-to-air missile system developed by Contraves-Oerlikon in Switzerland from 1947. Test firings were made in Switzerland and Italy in 1958, and Japan placed a small order for training purposes, but the missile was not produced in high numbers. The missile system was developed from the earlier RSA Missile developed by the same companies.

## Design and development

Contraves-Oerlikon started design work on guided missiles to supplement their anti-aircraft guns, like the popular 20 mm cannon, in 1947. The company produced a number of designs, including the RSA, culminating in the RSD 58 of 1958.

The RSD 58 was a liquid-fuelled rocket-powered missile, guided to its target by riding a radar beam. The missile body was made of wrapped tubing and sheet with Araldite bonding while the wings were of sandwich construction.

Targeting was by search radar and beam transmitter with targets tracked by a search radar until a beam riding transmitter locked on, at which point the missile could be fired, riding the beam until impact, proximity fuze or radio signal detonation. Launchers, slaved to the beam transmitter could launch missiles at any angle form 10° to 90° at a sustained rate of fire of up to two launches per minute. Control of the missiles was by vectoring rocket motor combustion chamber at launch and controllable rear fins at higher speeds.

The complete system included a battery command post, target tracking radar, guidance beam transmitter and six twin railed trainable launchers and four diesel generator units. The components were carried on single-axle trailers apart from the diesel generators that were built on two-axle trailers. The entire system, including the launchers, was readily transportable to new locations with mobility claimed to be similar to that of a heavy anti-aircraft gun system.

A parachute recoverable training round, the **RSC-57**, was developed which was powered by a reduced burn time rocket motor with the recovery parachute replacing the warhead.

## Operational use

There were no significant orders, except for the delivery of a training battery to Japan. The Swiss Air Force instead used the British Bristol Bloodhound. A twin launcher with two missiles and a trailer-mounted radar as used in the system is now at the Full Military Museum and another launcher with two missiles ca be found in the Aviation Museum in Dübendorf.

From 1959, the RSD system was further developed into the RSE, which was also unsuccessfully offered for export under as the Micon.

## Operators

### Bibliography

* Taylor, John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS (1962). *Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63*. London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd.
* Hogg, Ian: Tykistö- ja ohjusaseet, Karisto, 2011, Hämeenlinna (Translated by: Petri Kortesuo) ISBN 978-951-23-5456-6 (s.209) (in Finnish)
* Hugo Schneider: *Armament and equipment of the Swiss Army since 1817: light and medium anti-aircraft air defence anti-aircraft missiles, Volume 12 of armament and equipment of the Swiss Army since 1817*, Author Publisher Stocker-Schmidt, 1982

## InfoBox

| RSC/D | |
| --- | --- |
| RSC/D Missile on duplex firing carrier at Militärmuseum Full | |
| Type | Surface-to-air missile |
| Place of origin | Switzerland |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1960–? |
| Used by | Japan |
| Production history | |
| Designed | 1958 |
| Manufacturer | Oerlikon Contraves |
| Unit cost | between $15,000 and $18,000 per round (as of June 1959) |
| Produced | 1958-1960 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | missile: 400 kg, Carrier wagon: 4700 kg, Communication/steering wagon: 5500 kg |
| Length | 6 m (19 ft 8 in) |
| Diameter | 400 mm (15.7 in) |
| Wingspan | 1,346 mm (53 in) |
| Crew | 9: 1 operator, 8 Charging team |
| Warhead | 40 kg warhead |
| --- | |
| Engine | nitric acid / kerosene mixture |
| Operational
range | 30,000 m |
| Flight ceiling | 9,000 m |
| Maximum speed | Mach 2.4 (800m/s) |
| Guidance
system | Beam-riding |
| Steering
system | control surfaces |
| Launch
platform | vehicle or trailer |


abstract: The Renin stability regulatory element (REN-SRE) is a cis-acting element identified in the 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) of the renin (REN) gene. It acts to regulate the levels of renin protein produced in the cell. Renin is secreted by renal juxtaglomerular cells and catalyses the conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin I which is the rate-limiting step in the production of angiotensin II. Angiotensin II induces hypertension and REN therefore requires tight expression control. REN-SRE is thought to act by destabilising the REN messenger RNA (mRNA) and promoting degradation of the mRNA sequence. It has been found that a number of proteins bind to the REN-SRE to stabilise the mRNA and promote translation.

text:
# Renin stability regulatory element (REN-SRE)

The **Renin stability regulatory element** (REN-SRE) is a cis-acting element identified in the 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) of the renin (REN) gene. It acts to regulate the levels of renin protein produced in the cell. Renin is secreted by renal juxtaglomerular cells and catalyses the conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin I which is the rate-limiting step in the production of angiotensin II. Angiotensin II induces hypertension and REN therefore requires tight expression control.

REN-SRE is thought to act by destabilising the REN messenger RNA (mRNA) and promoting degradation of the mRNA sequence. It has been found that a number of proteins bind to the REN-SRE to stabilise the mRNA and promote translation.

## InfoBox

| Renin stability regulatory element (REN-SRE) | |
| --- | --- |
| Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of REN-SRE | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | REN-SRE |
| Rfam | RF00180 |
| Other data | |
| RNA type | Cis-reg |
| Domain(s) | Eukaryota |
| SO | SO:0000205 |
| PDB structures | PDBe |


title: Sir Philip Jennings-Clerke, 1st Baronet

abstract: Sir Philip Jennings-Clerke, 1st Baronet was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1768 to 1788, and the 1st Jennings-Clerke Baronet.

text:
# Sir Philip Jennings-Clerke, 1st Baronet

**Sir Philip Jennings-Clerke, 1st Baronet** (c.1722 – January 1788) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1768 to 1788, and the 1st Jennings-Clerke Baronet.

## Life

Jennings was the son of Philip Jennings of Duddleston Hall, Shropshire, and was baptised Philip Jennings. He was educated at Westminster School. He married Anne Thompson, the daughter of Colonel Richard Thompson of Jamaica and Coley Park, Reading. He had an "undistinguished military career" in the Horse Guards attaining the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. He succeeded to the estates of his maternal uncle Sir Talbot Clerke, 6th Baronet, and changed his name to Jennings-Clerke in the early 1760s. Around 1770 he bought a lodge now known as Foxlease, just outside Lyndhurst, Hampshire, and converted it into a grand, two-storey mansion.

Jennings was a Member of Parliament for Totnes between 1768 and 1788. He was created 1st Baronet Jennings-Clerke of Duddlestone Hall on 26 October 1774.

His only remaining son, Sir Charles Philip Jennings survived him by only a few months, whereupon the baronetcy became extinct.

## Children

His children included:


title: Department of Home Affairs (1977–1980)

abstract: The Department of Home Affairs was an Australian government department that existed between December 1977 and November 1980. It was the third so-named Australian government department.

text:
# Department of Home Affairs (1977–1980)

The **Department of Home Affairs** was an Australian government department that existed between December 1977 and November 1980. It was the third so-named Australian government department.

## Scope

Information about the department's functions and government funding allocation could be found in the Administrative Arrangements Orders, the annual Portfolio Budget Statements and in the department's annual reports.

At its creation, the department dealt with:

* Administration of Norfolk Island, the Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands, the Territory of Christmas Island and the Coral Sea Islands Territory
* Women's affairs
* Support for the arts and letters
* National archives
* National museums

## Structure

The department was an Australian Public Service department, staffed by officials who were responsible to the Minister for Home Affairs, Bob Ellicott.

## InfoBox

Department of Home Affairs
| Department overview | |
| --- | --- |
| Formed | 20 December 1977 |
| Preceding Department |  |
| Dissolved | 3 November 1980 |
| Superseding Department |  |
| Jurisdiction | Commonwealth of Australia |
| Headquarters | Canberra |
| Minister responsible |  |
| Department executives | * A.R. Palmer, Acting Secretary (1977–1978) * Don McMichael, Secretary (1978–1980) |


title: 1984 Australia Day Honours

abstract: The 1984 Australia Day Honours were announced on 26 January 1984 by the Governor General of Australia, Sir Ninian Stephen. The Australia Day Honours are the first of the two major annual honours lists, announced on Australia Day, with the other being the Queen's Birthday Honours which are announced on the second Monday in June.

text:
# 1984 Australia Day Honours

The **1984 Australia Day Honours** were announced on 26 January 1984 by the Governor General of Australia, Sir Ninian Stephen.

The Australia Day Honours are the first of the two major annual honours lists, announced on Australia Day (26 January), with the other being the Queen's Birthday Honours which are announced on the second Monday in June.

## Order of Australia

### Companion of the Order of Australia (AC)

| Recipient | Citation | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Keith Rupert Murdoch | For service to the media, particularly the newspaper industry. |  |
| George Polites CMG MBE | For service to industrial relations. | |
| Emeritus Professor Eric Aroha Rudd | For service to the mineral and petroleum industries. | |

### Officer of the Order of Australia (AO)

#### General Division

| Recipient | Citation | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| David James Asimus | For service to the wool industry. |  |
| Ida Isobel Bennett | For service to marine science. | |
| Robert Lindsay Bienvenu DFC | For service to commerce and the community. | |
| The Honourable Reginald Bishop | For service to politics and government. | |
| Professor Ralph Beattie Blacket | For service to medicine. | |
| Alan Bond (rescinded 1997) | For service to yachting, particularly as syndicate chairman and team captain of the successful America's Cup challenge 1983. | |
| Neville Thomas Bonner | For service to politics and government. | |
| The Reverend Professor Rolland Arthur Busch OBE | For service to religion. | |
| The Most Reverend Edward Bede Clancy | For service to religion. | |
| Dr Henry Vernon Crock | For service to medicine, particularly as an orthopaedic surgeon. | |
| Alexander Thomas Dix | For service to industry and the media. | |
| Dr Stephen Arthur FitzGerald | For service in the field of international relations. | |
| Charles Henry Fitzgibbon | For service to trade unionism and the transport industry. | |
| John Bryan Giles BEM QPM | For public service in the South Australian Police Force. | |
| Sydney Broadway Grange OBE MVO | For services to sport. | |
| Cedric Edward Keid Hampson | For service to the legal profession. | |
| Emeritus Professor Arthur Maxwell Horsnell | For service to dentistry. | |
| James Charles Ingram | For public service. | |
| The Honourable Charles Keith Jones | For service to politics and government. | |
| Colin Frederick Madigan | For service to architecture. | |
| Louis Joseph Mangan | For service to industry and to the community. | |
| The Honourable Justin Hilary O'Byrne | For service to politics and government. | |
| Professor William Robert Pitney | For service to medicine, particularly in the field of haematology. | |
| William Beal Pritchett | For public service. | |
| Emeritus Professor Jack Edwin Richardson | For service to the law and for public service. | |
| James Scully | For public service. | |
| Professor Donald Richard Stranks | For service to education and learning. | |
| Albert Lee Tucker | For service to the visual arts. | |
| Raymond Stanmore Turner CBE | For service to the community, particularly as national chairman of the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust. | |
| Emeritus Professor Frederick John Willett DSC | For service to education and learning. | |
| Lindsay James Yeo | For service to the community. | |

#### Military Division

| Branch | Recipient | Citation | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Navy | Rear Admiral Kaye Vonthethoff | For service to the Royal Australian Navy, particularly as the Flag Officer Naval Support Command. |  |
| Army | Major-General David Matheson Butler DSO | For service as General Officer Commanding Training Command. | |
| | Major-General David Aloysious Drabsch MBE | For service as Commander First Division. | |
| | Major-General Peter Courtney Gration OBE | For service as Assistant Chief of Defence Force Staff. | |
| Air Force | Air Vice-Marshal Eric Hay Stephenson OBE | For service as the Director-General of Air Force Health Services. | |

### Member of the Order of Australia (AM)

#### General Division

| Recipient | Citation | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Jean Marjorie Adamson | For service to early-childhood education. |  |
| Gillian May Armstrong | For service to the film industry. | |
| John Edwin Bertrand | For service to yachting, particularly as helmsman of Australia II in the successful America's Cup challenge 1983. | |
| Arthur Ernest Bishop | For service to mechanical engineering, particularly in the field of automobile-steering technology. | |
| Emeritus Professor Albert Laurence Blakers | For service to secondary and tertiary education, particularly in the field of mathematics. | |
| Professor Aubrey Charles Bowring | For service to medicine, particularly in the field of paediatric surgery. | |
| Dr Doreen Miriam Bridges | For service to music education. | |
| Graeme Thomas Briggs | For service to sport, particularly athletics. | |
| Elizabeth Ann Butcher | For service to the performing arts, particularly in the field of administration. | |
| Leslie Caplan | For service to the community. | |
| Dr Desmond William Crowley | For service to adult education. | |
| Betty Cuthbert MBE | For service to sport and the community. | |
| Allen Thomas Deegan | For service to the manufacturing industry, particularly in the field of electronics. | |
| Dr Carmine De Pasquale | For service to ethnic welfare. | |
| Kathleen Mercy Dickinson | For service to the blind. | |
| Dr Robert Andrew Douglas | For service in the field of clinical medicine. | |
| Mark Gordon Ella | For service to rugby union. | |
| Albert Coulston Evans | For service to industrial relations. | |
| George Joseph Fairfax | For service to the performing arts. | |
| The Reverend Father Jefferies John Foale | For service to ethnic welfare. | |
| Michael John Francis Fox | For service to the disabled. | |
| Dr George Taylor Gibson | For service to medicine, particularly in the field of obstetrics and gynaecology. | |
| James Connal Howard Gill MBE | For service to the community. | |
| Stephen Charles Hall | For service to the performing arts, particularly as a producer and administrator. | |
| Frank Charles Beresford Haly | For service to the accountancy profession and the community. | |
| Brian Douglas Hannaford | For service to education. | |
| Norman Jones Hitchins | For public service. | |
| Dr David Clements Jackson DSC | For service to medicine, particularly the welfare of the disabled. | |
| Hilary Alison Downing Johnson | For service to the welfare of handicapped children. | |
| Warren Leslie Jones | For service to yachting, particularly as executive director of the successful Australia II America's Cup challenge 1983 team. | |
| Brian Keating DFC | For service to the community, particularly the public funding of education. | |
| Sister Marie Teresa Kehoe | For service to education. | |
| Ingeborg Victoria King | For service to the visual arts, particularly sculpture. | |
| Dr David Kerry Kirke | For public service in the field of paediatric nutrition. | |
| Gilbert Roche Andrews Langley | For service to sport and the community. | |
| Henry Madren Leggo | For service to the community. | |
| Benjamin Lexcen | For service to yachting, particularly as designer of Australia II in the successful America's Cup challenge 1983. | |
| Brian Edmund Lloyd | For service to engineering, particularly in the field of education. | |
| John Francis Longley | For service to yachting, particularly as project manager and as a crew member of Australia II in the successful America's Cup challenge 1983. | |
| Dr Desmond James Lugg | For public service, particularly in the field of Antarctic biomedical research. | |
| Joan Hartley McClintock | For service to the community in the field of social welfare. | |
| Professor Andrew Dalgarno McCredie | For service to music. | |
| John Streeter Manifold | For service to literature as a poet and musician. | |
| The Right Reverend Kenneth Bruce Mason | For service to religion. | |
| Keith Vaux Mattingley | For service to the media and the community. | |
| Desmond Ronald Miller | For public service in export marketing. | |
| James Mollison | For public service in the field of art, particularly as director of the Australian National Gallery. | |
| Colonel Kenneth George Mosher OBE ED | For service to science and the community. | |
| Cecil Thompson Oliver | For service to trade unionism. | |
| Patricia June O'Shane | For public service in the field of Aboriginal welfare. | |
| William James Bell Pollock | For public service. | |
| Eric Ernest Porter | For service to the film industry, particularly in the field of animation. | |
| Dr Delmont Puflett (Mrs Purcell) | For service to medicine, particularly in the field of obstetrics and gynaecology. | |
| Joan Innes Reid | For service to the community, particularly in the field of local government, social welfare and culture. | |
| William Ronald John Riddel OBE | For service to the community. | |
| George Arthur Robinson | For service to the legal profession in the field of town planning. | |
| Hugh Thomson Rogers | For service to commerce, education and the community. | |
| Saul Same | For service to the clothing and textile industry. | |
| George Schaffer | For service to the building industry. | |
| Dr Kevin Vincent Sheridan | For public service to science, particularly in the field of radio-physics. | |
| George Slater | For service to trade unionism. | |
| Robert Duncan Somervaille | For service to commerce. | |
| Cecile Eunice Storey | For service to international relations and education. | |
| Dr Kenneth Milton Sullivan | For service to science, particularly in the field of air-pollution control. | |
| Harold Elvin Toft | For service to industry, particularly in the field of mechanical cane harvesting. | |
| Robert William Turner | For service to the community, particularly as chairman, NSW branch of the Australian Kidney Foundation. | |
| Vincent Anthony Warrener | For service to the performing arts. | |
| Marjorie Elvira West | For service to the community, particularly in the Girl Guides Association. | |
| Richard Bruce Wherrett | For service to the theatre as a producer and director. | |
| Francis Kevin Willis | For service to industrial relations. | |
| Eric Paul Willmot | For service to education and in the field of Aboriginal studies. | |
| Stanley James Wilson | For service to the community. | |

#### Military Division

| Branch | Recipient | Citation | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Navy | Commander Raymond George Bragge | For service to the Supply Branch of the Royal Australian Navy. |  |
| | Captain Peter Grant Verlaine Dechaineux | For service to the Materiel Division of the Royal Australian Navy. | |
| | Lieutenant-Commander Stephen James Dutton | For service as Commanding Officer of HMAS *Kimbla*. | |
| | Commodore Philip Graham Newman Kennedy ADC | For service as the Commandant, Joint Services Staff College. | |
| Army | Lieutenant-Colonel Beverley Joan Blanksby ED | For service to the Army Reserve. | |
| | Colonel Robert Walter Fisher | For service to Training Command. | |
| | Lieutenant-Colonel Douglas John George | For service to Army Operational Contingency Planning and Development. | |
| | Major Ian Robert Hosie | For service as Training Officer, Headquarters Second Division. | |
| | Lieutenant-Colonel Brian Granville Le Dan | For service to Logistic Branch, Army Office. | |
| | Lieutenant-Colonel William Norman Lunn ED | For service as Military Secretary (Army Reserve), Third Military District. | |
| | Captain Keith Aubry Plummer | For service to the Melbourne and Adelaide Workshop Companies. | |
| | Major Graeme Stanley Quarry | For service as Camp Commandant, Army Office. | |
| | Colonel Barry Anthony Smithurst OStJ ED | For service as Commander, First Division Medical Services. | |
| Air Force | Squadron Leader Robert Irvine Baird | For service as an Equipment Officer at Base Squadron, Laverton. | |
| | Wing Commander William Bruce Byron | For service to the Royal Australian Air Force as a flying instructor. | |
| | Group Captain William Macdonald Collins | For service to the Royal Australian Air Force as an engineer officer. | |
| | Squadron Leader Vincent Paul Gordon | For service to the Royal Australian Air Force, particularly as resident engineer at New Zealand Aerospace Industries Ltd. | |
| | Wing Commander Bryan Douglas Harris | For service as Commanding Officer of No 37 Squadron. | |
| | Chaplain Clive Collingwood King | For service as a chaplain at RAAF Base, Richmond. | |

### Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM)

#### General Division

| Recipient | Citation | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Raymond Alexander Aitken | For service to conservation, particularly flora, and in the field of ornithology. |  |
| William John Baillieu | For service to yachting, particularly as a crew member of Australia II in the successful America’s Cup Challenge 1983. | |
| Magda Bardy | For service to the community, particularly the welfare of ethnic aged and infirm persons. | |
| Barry Barker | For service to the community. | |
| Enid Isabel Barnes | For service to the pharmacy profession. | |
| Paul Henry Barnes | For service to conservation. | |
| Reginald Wakeham Bartels OStJ | For service to the community in the Queensland Ambulance Transport Brigade. | |
| Harold Henry Batterham | For service to the community. | |
| Colin Kenneth Beashel | For service to yachting, particularly as a crew member of Australia II in the successful America’s Cup Challenge 1983. | |
| Alexander Clifford Beauglehole | For service to botany, conservation and ornithology. | |
| Alma May Bode | For service to the angora and mohair industry. | |
| Joseph Meyer Brandon-Bravo | For service to the community. | |
| Percy Edward Brierley | For service to the welfare of ex-service personnel. | |
| Sylvia Hazel Brose | For service to education. | |
| Robert Neil Brown | For service to yachting, particularly as a crew member of Australia II in the successful America’s Cup Challenge 1983. | |
| Sister Mary Elizabeth Bui-Thi Nghia | For service to ethnic welfare. | |
| Alexander Leslie Cahill | For service to trade unionism. | |
| Norman Astley Calvert | For service to the sport of rifle shooting and the community. | |
| Anita Olive Campbell | For public service in the field of Aboriginal welfare. | |
| Dr Margaret Enid Christian | For service to the community, particularly in the care of animals. | |
| David Chugg | For service to the community. | |
| Florence Amy Cluff | For service to trade unionism and the welfare of the aged. | |
| Denis George Leonard Coley | For public service. | |
| Daphne Rosina Colless | For service to Aboriginal welfare. | |
| Kathleen Mary Cooper | For service to local government and the community. | |
| Dr Wilson Leighton Corlis | For service to medical education. | |
| Major Peter Costello | For service to yachting, particularly as a crew member of Australia II in the successful America’s Cup Challenge 1983. | |
| William Leslie Joseph Crofts | For service to local government and the community. | |
| Carmel Curtain | For service to children's welfare. | |
| George Harold Daldry | For service to sport and the community. | |
| Virginia Margaret Davey | For service to the community. | |
| Francis James Day | For service to sport and the community. | |
| David Rex Deer | For service to primary industry, particularly apiculture. | |
| Antonino Albert deFina | For service to the sport of skindiving. | |
| Donald Gatjil Djerrkura | For service to Aboriginal welfare. | |
| Monica Alma Duane | For service to the community. | |
| Russell Frank Ebert | For service to Australian football. | |
| Frank Brian Evans | For service to education and the community. | |
| Damian Michael Fewster | For service to yachting, particularly as a crew member of Australia II in the successful America’s Cup Challenge 1983. | |
| Jennifer Vivienne Filby | For service to the community. | |
| Constance Dorn Fogarty | For service to tennis. | |
| Roy Bennett Fothergill Galpin | For service to local government and the community. | |
| Richard Thomas Gard | For service in the field of mental health and to rowing. | |
| Leslie Arthur Gardiner | For service to podiatry. | |
| Raymond Arnold Graetz MC | For service to the community. | |
| Norman Mervyn Green | For service to primary industry and local government. | |
| James Edward Greening | For service to the community. | |
| John Vincent Groves | For service to the community, particularly junior sport. | |
| Dorothea Hildegard Johanna Hamilton | For service to nursing. | |
| George Godfrey Hard | For service to the community, particularly with the Prisoners' Aid Society. | |
| Betty Mildred Harding | For service to the community. | |
| Kenneth Edgar Haslingden | For service to local government and the community. | |
| Edward Bonaventure Heffernan | For service to the visual arts. | |
| Sister Mary Vianney Henry | For service to the community, particularly the welfare of orphaned children. | |
| Geoffrey Payne Hodge | For public service. | |
| Frances Honour Hogan | For service to the community. | |
| Thomas William Holmes | For service to the welfare of ex-service personnel. | |
| Thelma May Hoy | For service to the community. | |
| Stanley Edward Hummerston | For service to the community. | |
| Allan Marcus Huston | For service to the community. | |
| James James | For service to the community. | |
| Kenneth Peter Judge | For service to yachting, particularly as a crew member of Australia II in the successful America’s Cup Challenge 1983. | |
| Johnny Kalisperis | For service to ethnic welfare. | |
| John Charles Carew LaForest | For service to the newsagency industry. | |
| Alfred Harrington Langdon | For service to the manufacturing industry. | |
| Anita Josephine Mary Le Tessier | For service to education in the field of speech and drama. | |
| Lynley Jean Lewis | For service to the country community, particularly the teaching of ballet to children. | |
| Cole Michael Lissiman | For service to yachting, particularly as a crew member of Australia II in the successful America’s Cup Challenge 1983. | |
| Robert Campbell Llewellyn | For service to the community. | |
| Ernest Lone | For public service. | |
| Rolfe Scott McAllister | For service to yachting, particularly as a crew member of Australia II in the successful America’s Cup Challenge 1983. | |
| Patrick Joseph McCormack | For public service. | |
| Arnold Robert McGill | For service to ornithology. | |
| The Reverend Dr Colin Anthony McKay | For service to the community, particularly in the field of psychiatric care. | |
| William Patrick McNamara | For service to the building industry and the community. | |
| Ronald Charles MacKenzie | For service to the sport of freshwater fishing. | |
| Joan MacLean | For service to the community. | |
| William Forrester Fisher MacLennan | For service to the community. | |
| Theresa Delores Maunder | For service to ballet. | |
| Maria Irena Mencinsky | For service to ethnic welfare. | |
| Patricia June Moore | For service to basketball. | |
| Colin Thomas Nicholas | For service to cricket. | |
| Jacqueline Moya O'Brien | For service to nursing. | |
| Bert Oliver | For service to yachting. | |
| Mary Roberta Owen | For service to the community, particularly in the field of women's affairs. | |
| Neville George Perkins | For service to Aboriginal welfare. | |
| Rosemary Ann Pirie | For service to the community. | |
| Irene Gwendoline Ramsay | For service to the community. | |
| George Rawnsley | For service to Aboriginal welfare. | |
| Brian John Richardson | For service to yachting, particularly as a crew member of Australia II in the successful America’s Cup Challenge 1983. | |
| Stanley Stuart Roberts | For service to the community. | |
| Father Peter James Robinson | For service to the welfare of the disabled. | |
| Major Arthur Frederick William Shaw RL | For service to the community. | |
| Grant Eugene Simmer | For service to yachting, particularly as a crew member of Australia II in the successful America’s Cup Challenge 1983. | |
| Phillip Murray Smidmore | For service to yachting, particularly as a crew member of Australia II in the successful America’s Cup Challenge 1983. | |
| Mary Clare Smith | For public service. | |
| Rosemary Joy Stacy | For service to the Girl Guides Association. | |
| Florence Winifred Stalley | For service to the community. | |
| James Francis Stephens | For service to the welfare of ex-service personnel. | |
| James Ronald Stoner | For service to the community. | |
| Leon George Stubbings | For service with the Australian Red Cross Society. | |
| Andrzej Szczygielski | For service to ethnic welfare and the welfare of ex-service personnel. | |
| Joan Margaret Taggart | For service to the community. | |
| Hugh Keith Treharne | For service to yachting, particularly as a crew member of Australia II in the successful America’s Cup Challenge 1983. | |
| Gina Florence Triaca | For service to ethnic welfare. | |
| Harold Elliot Twartz | For service to the community. | |
| Edward Leo Twohill | For service with the Pony Club Association. | |
| Wagea Waia | For service to Aboriginal welfare. | |
| Eileen May Walker | For service to the community. | |
| Thomas James Wallace | For service to the community. | |
| Stanley Ward | For service to the community, particularly the welfare of alcoholics. | |
| Ivy May West | For service to nursing. | |
| William Raymond Wilkie | For public service. | |
| Charles Henry Wilson | For service to the community and the life-insurance industry. | |
| Garnet Ian Wilson | For service to Aboriginal welfare. | |
| Reginald Wilson-Irving | For service to the entertainment industry and the community. | |
| Florence Edith Wrighter BEM | For service to athletics. | |
| Albert Ernest Clifford Young | For long-distance running. | |

#### Military Division

| Branch | Recipient | Citation | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Navy | Chief Petty Officer John William Balcolm | For service to the Communications Centre of HMAS Moreton and Naval Communications Area Local Station, Brisbane. |  |
| | Chief Petty Officer Peter Mintern Brown | For service to the RAN Reserve, particularly to Diving Team 6. | |
| | Able Seaman Ian Robert Duffner | For service as a seaman in the Royal Australian Navy. | |
| | Chief Petty Officer Derek Brian Hampson | For service as Deputy Marine Engineer Officer of HMAS Moresby. | |
| | Chief Petty Officer Raymond James Tweedie | For service as the senior sailor in charge of the stores department of HMAS Cairns. | |
| | Warrant Officer Eric Thomas Watson | For service as the Supply Officer (Catering) in HMAS Nirimba. | |
| Army | Sergeant Eric John Bardsley | For service as Supervisor Army Messes, Joint Services Staff College. | |
| | Warrant Officer Class Two Geoffrey Reginald Bateman | For service as a Regimental Quartermaster Sergeant, District-Support, Unit, Sydney. | |
| | Warrant Officer Class One Ronald Alexander Coleman | For service in the field of training, particularly as Regimental Sergeant Major, Training Command. | |
| | Warrant Officer Class Two Stephen Leitch Collins | For service in the field of contact repair and maintenance of Army equipment. | |
| | Captain Kevin John Dunnicliffe | For service as a Regimental Quartermaster Sergeant in the 5th/7th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment. | |
| | Sergeant Alan William Forte | For service as the Physical Training Instructor, 1st Military Hospital. | |
| | Warrant Officer Class One Douglas John Gammon | For service in training Army apprentices at 1st Base Workshop Battalion. | |
| | Captain Barry Alwyn John Hassall | For service as the Regimental Sergeant Major, Officer Cadet School. | |
| | Corporal Eric John Leask | For service as driver for the General Officer Commanding Logistic Command. | |
| | Sergeant Brian Edward Medcraft | For service to the Army Malaria Research Unit. | |
| | Sergeant Keith Richardson O'Connor | For service as Gunnery Instructor, Armoured Centre. | |
| | Warrant Officer Class One Graham Maxwell O'Hearn | For service in the field of armoured-vehicle technical support, particularly with 3rd/4th Cavalry Regiment. | |
| | Captain Lindsay Ross Pyne | For services as Senior Nursing Officer, Army Apprentices School. | |
| | Warrant Officer Class One Trevor Albert Robson | For service as the Movements Officer, Liverpool Transport Unit. | |
| | Warrant Officer Class One Ola Sever Stevenson | For service in the field of parachute and Army Reserve Special Action Force training. | |
| | Warrant Officer Class One Frederick John Titcume | For service as Unit Administrative Officer, 1st Port Construction and Repair Group. | |
| Air Force | Warrant Officer John Gilbert Chalmers | For service as a warrant officer engineer in the Royal Australian Air Force. | |
| | Warrant Officer Graham David Copeland | For service as a caterer at RAAF Base, East Sale. | |
| | Sergeant David Ross Cussons | For service to the RAAF as an aircraft metal worker. | |
| | Sergeant Joseph Paul Kozey | For service search and rescue crewman, No 2 Flying Training School, RAAF. | |
| | Flight Sergeant Norman Vincent Meechan | For service as a security guard at No 1 Stores Depot RAAF | |
| | Sergeant Howard Vernon MiSSa't | For service to the Royal Australian Air Force as a photographer. | |
| | Flight Sergeant Harry William Park | For service to the Royal Australian Air Force as a blacksmith. | |
| | Warrant Officer Donald James Stanley Smith | For service as a motor-transport driver at Base Squadron, RAAF Base, Richmond. | |


title: Ram Rai Pur

abstract: Ram Rai Pur is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district. The village is located in the eastern part of Punjab, India. It is situated on the right bank of the Sutlej which is one of the 5 main rivers in Punjab. It is also one of the oldest villages in Punjab with a history dating back to the 17th century. The village consists of 4 large Sikh family clans, which are represented by the Dhindsa, Dhariwal, Dharni & Jhaj clans. Some of these family members have since emigrated to places all over the world such as Canada, England, New Zealand, Australia and America The Dharni families are also known as "Sikhan de". The late Sant Sewa Singh was one of the main heads of the family and he was well respected by the whole village as well as the local politicians. The families originally came from the Bathinda district and relocated more than five decades ago. The original five families have now grown to more than twenty.

text:
# Ram Rai Pur

**Ram Rai Pur** is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district. The village is located in the eastern part of Punjab, India (31°5'12"N, 76°10'15"E). It is situated on the right bank of the Sutlej which is one of the 5 main rivers in Punjab. It is also one of the oldest villages in Punjab with a history dating back to the 17th century.

The village consists of 4 large Sikh family clans, which are represented by the Dhindsa, Dhariwal, Dharni & Jhaj clans. Some of these family members have since emigrated to places all over the world such as Canada, England, New Zealand, Australia and America

The Dharni families are also known as "Sikhan de". The late Sant Sewa Singh was one of the main heads of the family and he was well respected by the whole village as well as the local politicians. The families originally came from the Bathinda district and relocated more than five decades ago. The original five families have now grown to more than twenty.

## Families

There are four main families in Ram Rai Pur

## History

**1634 AD** The battle of Kartarpur was fought between Mughal troops and Guru Hargobind. The imperial troops were routed and both Painda Khan and Kala Khan were killed whilst hiding on the outskirts of Ram Rai Pur. During the rest of the 17th Century, Jalandhar remained firmly attached to the Delhi Empire. With the death of Aurangzeb in 1707 the Mughal Empire began to disintegrate.

**1710 AD** Katar Singh Dhariwal of Ram Rai Pur and his army received appeals from the peasants of the Jalandhar Doaba to help them against the Mughal Faujdar, Shams Khan of Jalandhar. The news of the return of Katar was enough to put heart into the Sikhs and who then rose to fight back against the Mughals. Shams Khan was defeated in Rahon.

**1716 AD** The capture and execution of Katar Singh Dhaliwal and his followers in the year 1716 led to the persecution of the Sikhs. The Sikhs were thought to be completely crushed, in reality they were temporarily subdued.

**1807 AD** Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Punjab) crossed the Sutlej and attacked the Rajput fort of Nariangarh in the Ambala district. Katar Singh Dhariwal's grandson Mohan Singh Dhariwal & Tara Singh Gheba, accompanied him; however Tara became ill and died on his way home during the siege. His death was kept secret while the body was sent in all haste to Rahon where he was from. According to J.D. Cunningham, Tara Singh Gheba's widow, Rani Rattan Kaur equalled the sister of the Raja of Patiala in spirit and she was described to have girded up her garment and fought, sword in hand. The Jalandhar Doaba had been absorbed into the dominion of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and given over to Dewan Mohkam Chand.

**1846 AD** John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence was appointed the commission of the Jalandhar Doaba on its annexation in 1846. He put a curfew around Ram Rai Pur the heart of the Sikh uproar against the British Raj and the surrounding villages, killing any one who did not adhere to his rules. In 1847 nine members of the Dhindsa family were shot and hanged in an action to scare other villages around Ram Rai Pur.

**1918 AD** Mahatma Gandhi visited Ram Rai Pur He organized a detailed study and survey of the villages, accounting for the atrocities and terrible episodes of suffering, including the general state of degenerate living. Building on the confidence of villagers, he began leading the clean-up of villages, which led to the building of schools and hospitals and also encouraging the village leadership to undo and condemn many social evils, as accounted above.

**1947 AD** The partition of India resulted in the process that led to the creation on 14 August 1947 and 15 August 1947, respectively, of the sovereign states of Dominion of Pakistan (later Islamic Republic of Pakistan) and Union of India (later Republic of India) upon the granting of independence from the British Empire, marking the end of the British rule of India. Over 60 people men, women & children were killed leaving Ram Rai Pur going to the new Pakistan. Many more would have been killed had it not been for the help of the local village people.

## InfoBox

| Ram Rai Pur | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Ram Rai PurLocation in Punjab, IndiaRam Rai PurRam Rai Pur (India) | |
| Coordinates: 31°07′00″N 76°08′00″E / 31.1167°N 76.1333°E / 31.1167; 76.1333 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Punjab |
| District | Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.570 km2 (1.378 sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Punjabi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | PB- |
| Literacy | 75% |
| Website | nawanshahr.nic.in |


title: Thomas Lemieux

abstract: Thomas Lemieux is a Canadian economist and professor at the University of British Columbia. Lemieux belongs to the world's foremost labour economists in terms of research output, in particular on wage inequality.

text:
# Thomas Lemieux

**Thomas Lemieux** (born August 10, 1962) is a Canadian economist and professor at the University of British Columbia.

Lemieux belongs to the world's foremost labour economists in terms of research output, in particular on wage inequality.

## Education

Lemieux was born in Quebec City, Quebec. He received his B.A. in economics from Université Laval in 1984 and his M.A. in economics from Queen's University the following year. In 1989, he received his Ph.D. from Princeton University.

## Later life and career

After receiving his Ph.D, he taught at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology until 1992. In 1992, he was named an assistant professor at the Université de Montréal. In 1999, Lemieux accepted a faculty position at the University of British Columbia. He has been an associate editor at several economics journals, such as the *Journal of Business and Economic Statistics*, *Labour Economics*, *Journal of the European Economic Association*, *Review of Economics and Statistics*, and *American Economic Review*.

A good portion of his research centres around the topic of income inequality. Lemieux also studies econometric methods to analyze the income distribution. He is a fellow at the Royal Society of Canada and the Society of Labor Economists. At the University of British Columbia, Lemieux directs the Team for Advanced Research on Globalization, Education, and Technology. Lemieux has published 40 journal articles and two books on labor economics.

## Research

Thomas Lemieux's research interests mostly relate to labour economics in general and wage inequality in specific as well as econometric methods to analyze these issues. According to IDEAS/RePEc, Lemieux belongs to the top 1% of most-cited economists. In his research, Lemieux has frequently collaborated with David Card and Nicole Fortin.

### Research on wages and wage inequality

The main area of Lemieux's research has been the distribution and dynamics of wages. Studying the rise in wage inequality in the U.S. in the 1980s in a series of studies with John DiNardo and Nicole Fortin, Lemieux repeatedly emphasizes the importance labour market institutions, finding e.g. that about a third of the growth in male and female wage inequality can be attributed to deunionization for men and to the minimum wage for women, with economic deregulation having a comparatively small impact; moreover, the difference between the declines of the unionization rates in Canada and the U.S. are found to account for two-thirds of the growth differential in wage inequality between both. Further work with David Card, Francis Kramarz, John Abowd and David Margolis studied differences between the labour market institutions in the U.S., Canada and France in the 1980s, notably the causes of changes in the relative structure of wages and employment and the effect of the minimum wage on youth employment. Moreover, in studies with Card and Fortin, Lemieux analysed the differentials between genders and racial groups in the U.S., with their findings emphasizing the role of changes in returns to skill and the link between female wage gains and male wage inequality. In further work on unions, Lemieux argues that Canadian unions increase the average wage of workers and compress the returns to skills, and provides a comprehensive comparison of the effect of unionization on wage inequality in the U.S., Canada and UK (together with Card and W. Craig Riddell). In another study with Card, Lemieux suggested that falling supply in highly educated workers may account for the growth in the return to college for younger men in the U.S., UK and Canada. In the 2000s, Lemieux repeatedly highlighted the role of increased returns to postsecondary education and sophisticated institutional explanations (e.g. including performance pay, based on work with Bentley MacLeod and Daniel Parent) for the growth in wage inequality at the top of the wage distribution in the 1980s and 1990s, while arguing against simple models of skill-biased technological change This empirical discussion was accompanied by various models advanced by Lemieux, e.g. - in joint work with Robert Gibbons, Lawrence Katz and Parent - of a model where a worker's skills are imperfectly observable but determine her current wage and sector, high-skill workers concentrate in high-wage sectors, thus earning high returns to their skills (with Robert Gibbons, Lawrence Katz and Daniel Parent).

### Research on regression discontinuity and decomposition methods

Lemieux has contributed significantly to the methodological development of applied econometrics. Since the 2000s, he has repeatedly used regression discontinuity designs to analyze various economic issues. For example, in work with David Card that exploits the discontinuity in college enrollment rates due to U.S. high school graduates' attempt of avoiding the draft during the Vietnam War, Lemieux estimates that draft avoidance raised college attendance rates by 4-6%. Similarly, in a study with Kevin Milligan that uses the discontinuity in Quebecois social assistance between childless recipients under and above age 30, Lemieux observes that the increase in social assistance benefits reduces employment by disincentivizing work. Publications with Guido Imbens and David S. Lee, Lemieux further reviewed the use of regression discontinuity designs in economics and provides guidance for practitioners. Another key area of Lemieux's work in econometrics are decomposition methods, in particular related to comparisons between wage distributions and the analysis of their dynamics. More recently, together with Sergio Firpo and Nicole Fortin, Lemieux has pioneered the use of *recentered influence function* (RIF) *regressions*, an extension of the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method which allows to study the impact of changes in the distribution of the explanatory variables on quantiles of the unconditional (marginal) distribution of an outcome variable. While Lemieux, Firpo and Fortin originally used RIF regressions to analyze the polarization of male wages in the U.S. from the 1980s to the mid-2010s, their methodology has been adopted by other organizations, e.g. the ILO's 2018/19 Global Wage Report. Another important application of RIFs by Lemieux, Firpo and Fortin is the analysis of the contributions of changes in the returns to occupational tasks to changes in the (U.S.) wage distribution, for which they find that wage polarization was driven by STBC and deunionization in the 1980s and 1990s, whereas offshorability of jobs became a major driver in the 1990s. A review by these authors of common decomposition methods used in economics was published in the *Handbook of Labor Economics*.

### Other research

Other major research by Lemieux includes an analysis of the effects of foreign competition on Canadian collective bargaining agreements (with John Abowd), of the effects of taxes on informal labour supply (with Bernard Fortin and Pierre Frechette), on the evolution of work, school and living arrangements among North American youth in the 1970s-90s, on the substitution of alcohol by marijuana due to the increase in the minimum drinking age in several U.S. states, and on dropout and enrollment trends in the U.S. in the postwar period.

## Bibliography

Books * Labour Market Economics, 7th Edition (with D. Benjamin, M. Gunderson, and W.C. Riddell), Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2012.
* Labour Market Economics, 6th Edition (with D. Benjamin, M. Gunderson, and W.C. Riddell), Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2007.
* Social and Labour Market Aspects of North American Linkages (co-editor with Richard Harris), University of Calgary Press for Industry Canada, 2005.
* L'économie souterraine au Québec: mythes et réalités (with Bernard Fortin, Gaétan Garneau, Guy Lacroix, and Claude Montmarquette), Québec: Presses de l'Université Laval, 1996

## InfoBox

| Thomas Lemieux | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | August 10, 1962 |
| Nationality | Canadian |
| Education | Professor of Economics |
| Alma mater | Université Laval Queen's University<br>Princeton University |
| Occupation | Lecturing |
| Organization | University of British Columbia |


title: Thoraco-abdominal nerves

abstract: The anterior divisions of the seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, and eleventh thoracic intercostal nerves are continued anteriorly from the intercostal spaces into the abdominal wall; hence they are named thoraco-abdominal nerves. They have the same arrangement as the upper ones as far as the anterior ends of the intercostal spaces, where they pass behind the costal cartilages, and between the obliquus internus and transversus abdominis, to the sheath of the rectus abdominis, which they perforate. They supply the rectus abdominis and end as the anterior cutaneous branches of the abdomen; they supply the skin of the front of the abdomen. The lower intercostal nerves supply the intercostales and abdominal muscles; the last three send branches to the serratus posterior inferior. About the middle of their course they give off lateral cutaneous branches. These pierce the intercostales externi and the obliquus externus abdominis, in the same line as the lateral cutaneous branches of the upper thoracic nerves, and divide into anterior and posterior branches, which are distributed to the skin of the abdomen and back; the anterior branches supply the digitations of the obliquus externus abdominis, and extend downward and forward nearly as far as the margin of the rectus abdominis; the posterior branches pass backward to supply the skin over the latissimus dorsi.

text:
# Thoraco-abdominal nerves

The anterior divisions of the seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, and eleventh thoracic intercostal nerves are continued anteriorly from the intercostal spaces into the abdominal wall; hence they are named **thoraco-abdominal nerves** (or **thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves**).

They have the same arrangement as the upper ones as far as the anterior ends of the intercostal spaces, where they pass behind the costal cartilages, and between the obliquus internus and transversus abdominis, to the sheath of the rectus abdominis, which they perforate.

They supply the rectus abdominis and end as the anterior cutaneous branches of the abdomen; they supply the skin of the front of the abdomen.

The lower intercostal nerves supply the intercostales and abdominal muscles; the last three send branches to the serratus posterior inferior. About the middle of their course they give off lateral cutaneous branches.

These pierce the intercostales externi and the obliquus externus abdominis, in the same line as the lateral cutaneous branches of the upper thoracic nerves, and divide into anterior and posterior branches, which are distributed to the skin of the abdomen and back; the anterior branches supply the digitations of the obliquus externus abdominis, and extend downward and forward nearly as far as the margin of the rectus abdominis; the posterior branches pass backward to supply the skin over the latissimus dorsi.

## InfoBox

| Thoraco-abdominal nerves | |
| --- | --- |
| Diagram of the course and branches of a typical intercostal nerve. | |
| Intercostal nerves, the superficial muscles having been removed. | |
| Innervates | Rectus abdominis muscle |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy | |


title: Three-source hypothesis

abstract: The three-source hypothesis is a candidate solution to the synoptic problem. It combines aspects of the two-source hypothesis and the Farrer hypothesis. It states that the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke used the Gospel of Mark and a sayings collection as primary sources, but that the Gospel of Luke also used the Gospel of Matthew as a subsidiary source. The hypothesis is named after the three documents it posits as sources, namely the sayings collection, the Gospel of Mark, and the Gospel of Matthew. The sayings collection may be identified with Q, or with a subset of Q if some material normally assigned to Q is instead attributed to Matthew's creativity in conjunction with Luke's use of Matthew. This theory has been advocated by Heinrich Julius Holtzmann, Eduard Simons, Hans Hinrich Wendt, Edward Y. Hincks, Robert Morgenthaler and Robert H. Gundry. Alternatively, M.A.T. Linssen proposes it as a variant by equating the sayings collection to the Gospel of Thomas, suggesting that Matthew and Luke worked together to write different gospels, each targeted at their own audience.

text:
# Three-source hypothesis

The **three-source hypothesis** is a candidate solution to the synoptic problem. It combines aspects of the two-source hypothesis and the Farrer hypothesis. It states that the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke used the Gospel of Mark and a sayings collection as primary sources, but that the Gospel of Luke also used the Gospel of Matthew as a subsidiary source. The hypothesis is named after the three documents it posits as sources, namely the sayings collection, the Gospel of Mark, and the Gospel of Matthew.

The sayings collection may be identified with Q, or with a subset of Q if some (typically narrative-related) material normally assigned to Q is instead attributed to Matthew's creativity in conjunction with Luke's use of Matthew.

This theory has been advocated by Heinrich Julius Holtzmann, Eduard Simons, Hans Hinrich Wendt, Edward Y. Hincks, Robert Morgenthaler and Robert H. Gundry.

Alternatively, M.A.T. Linssen proposes it as a variant by equating the sayings collection to the Gospel of Thomas, suggesting that Matthew and Luke worked together to write different gospels, each targeted at their own audience.

1. W. Wilkens "Die Versuchung Jesu nach Matthäus" NTS 28 (1982) 479-489
2. H. J. Holtzmann, "Zur synoptischen Frage", pp. 553–54 in *Jahrbücher für protestantische Theologie* 4 (1878)
3. E. Simons, *Hat der dritte Evangelist den kanonischen Matthäus benutzt?* (Bonn: Carl Georgi 1880)
4. H. H. Wendt, *Die Lehre Jesu* (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 1886)
5. E. Y. Hincks, "The Probable Use of the First Gospel by Luke", *JBL* Vol. 10 No. 2 (1891), pp. 92–106
6. R. Morgenthaler, *Statistische Synopse* (Zürich: Gotthelf 1971)
7. R.H.Gundry, Matthew, *A Commentary on His Literary and Theological Art* (Michigan: Eerdmans 1982)
8. Linssen, Martijn (2020-08-12). "Absolute Thomasine priority - the Synoptic Problem solved in the most unsatisfactory manner". *Absolute Thomasine Priority*. Part I: 83  via academia.edu.

## InfoBox

Three-source hypothesis
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Theory Information | |
| Order | Q
Marcan Priority
Matt
Luke |
| Additional Sources | Q source |
| Gospels' Sources | |
| Matthew | Q, Mark |
| Mark | (Q) |
| Luke | Q, Mark, Matt, Luke |
| Theory History | |
| Proponents | Heinrich Julius Holtzmann, Eduard Simons, Hans Hinrich Wendt, Edward Y. Hincks, Robert Morgenthaler, Robert H. Gundry |