title: The Merlin Mystery

abstract: The Merlin Mystery is a 1998 puzzle/children's book, written by Jonathan Gunson and illustrated by Gunson and Marten Coombe. Published by Warner Books and certified by Mensa, it served as an armchair treasure hunt book, challenging its readers to solve the titular mystery by deciphering the pictures to learn how to cast a magic spell, the details of which were to be drawn and sent to an official address. None of the 30,000 entries received contained the correct solution, so the £75,000 prize was donated to the World Wildlife Fund.

text:
# The Merlin Mystery

***The Merlin Mystery*** is a 1998 puzzle/children's book, written by Jonathan Gunson and illustrated by Gunson and Marten Coombe. Published by Warner Books and certified by Mensa, it served as an armchair treasure hunt book, challenging its readers to solve the titular mystery by deciphering the pictures to learn how to cast a magic spell, the details of which were to be drawn and sent to an official address. None of the 30,000 entries received contained the correct solution, so the £75,000 prize was donated to the World Wildlife Fund.

## Plot

The book starts with an unnamed black cat investigating the run-down former living quarters of the wizard Merlin of Arthurian legend with the implied intent of trying to find something worth stealing. While there she meets a northern spotted owl who takes her through the house and explains Merlin's life, magical abilities, and what the book describes as 'The Pendragon Alchemy', a philosophy of life that says that giving nets greater rewards, both monetary and emotional, than taking. The book tells of Merlin protecting an unnamed princess from a cadre of evil sorcerers (and in the process creating a ring of stones in Avebury), and falling in love with Nimue, the Lady of the Lake, described as being a water sprite princess.

It is revealed that the black cat is Nimue and the owl is Merlin. The couple return to their natural forms and resume their love affair. Nimue steals Merlin's Wand in order to give it to the evil sorcerers to free them. Initially believing she could save the magical world with their help, is eventually deceived. When she realizes her mistake, she attempts to use the wand against the sorcerers. However, Merlin, misunderstanding her intentions, steps in and is struck by a bolt from the wand, imprisoning him magically. In his final act, Merlin transforms Nimue into the water of a nearby lake, close to the cave where he remains trapped. They are fated to be confined, yet in proximity, until 'the seeker' (the reader) solves 'the spell' (the puzzle's solution), thereby summoning the wand as the ultimate reward.

## Puzzle and solution

In keeping with earlier armchair treasure hunt books, such as *Masquerade*, the plot bears no relevance to the solution. The answer is instead found in the illustrations and in the squares that border every page. Every page is littered with symbols pointing to the solution including alchemical symbols, astrological signs and heraldic cadency symbols. The borders contain objects that make up the solution including Latin names for plants, chemical elements, and symbols indicating direction and movement. The book also includes images of a variety of landmarks, and of English culture such as Beefeaters, Town criers and Toby Jugs.

The solution to the puzzle is found in a list of 75 objects placed around the page borders. These objects are found by drawing 75 lines through the book "in 3 dimensions".

The lines all start at different border squares on each page of the book, indicated by silver Nimue symbols (the astrological symbol for Mercury) and witch hats. Gold and silver Merlin symbols then tell you to turn to a different page. On that second page, gold alchemy symbols tell you which direction to draw the line, crossing the page to a new border square. Gold and silver cadency symbols tell you to turn to yet another page of the book. On that third page, crescent moons tell you to move around the border to find the correct object. The 75 objects are ordered based on Roman numerals encoded into etched tiles on each page.

Correctly interpreting the list of objects tells you how to perform the spell. During a full moon, facing north, a pentagram made of five different pieces of wood is placed inside a salt circle. 12 runes are placed around the circle and a 13th rune is placed inside the north point of the pentagram. Silver and gold candles are lit and placed either side of the pentagram and a censer burning rosemary is placed in the centre. The method of casting the spell is to speak the names of the 13 runes, extinguish the candles, and then say "Peace".

## Soundtrack

A soundtrack CD was especially produced by British composer and producer Julia Taylor-Stanley, who composed, performed and produced all the titles, with vocals by Miriam Stockley, Shelagh and Sheryle Gwynfar, and Joss Ackland. It was published by EarthTone Records under the group name Alkaemy, and released on September 15, 1998. The CD was meant to be a companion to the worldwide release of the book.

## Prize

Along with a prize of either £75,000 or $125,000 (which were then equal under the exchange rate), the winner would have been awarded a thirty-six inch long wand, the head of which was made from ancient gold-threaded Brazilian crystal set into silver with a gilded staff representing a branch from the tree of life. The head of the wand also has a ring of alchemical symbols around it. Along with the wand, the winner would also have received:

* A bracelet containing twelve golden alchemical symbols
* A larger golden symbol, Sulphur Sublimate, attached to a shard of lapis lazuli
* A small vial of pure 24-carat gold pellets which the book claims comes from the River Nile
* Three charms chained together, of the Sun, the Moon, and Saturn, also representing three sorcerers from the story.
* A solid oak chest to contain all the prizes, possessing three locks and three different keys. The lid of the box bears the words "Merlinius Est Mihi Dominus"

## Reviews

## Select bibliography

* Jonathan Gunson & Marten Coombe, *The Merlin Mystery*, Warner Books, 1998 ( ISBN 0-446-52432-8 ) ( LC 98-84996 )


title: Blindfolded tourism

abstract: Blindfolded tourism is a form of experimental travel, consisting of a guided tour in which the tourist is blindfolded while being talked through the visited areas, as opposed to traditional sightseeing. A blind tour is a different experience owing to the absence of one vital sense, sight, thereby stimulating the other relevant senses, namely hearing, feel and smell. The concept has been related to that of the dark restaurant, where there is no light for diners to see what they eat. A "blindfold tour" to savour the smells of the City of London was proposed as far back as 1970. More recently, blindfolded tours have been offered in a range of mainly urban locations, including tours of Prague Castle, Tirana in Albania, Vancouver, and the Alfama quarter of Lisbon. The German artist Christian Jankowski has undertaken two blind tours: one in Dubai and one in Montevideo, where he led a group of blindfolded journalists. In some cases a blind tour may involve offering the tourist a video of their tour following completion of the tour.

text:
# Blindfolded tourism

**Blindfolded tourism** (also **cecitourism**) is a form of experimental travel, consisting of a guided tour in which the tourist is blindfolded while being talked through the visited areas, as opposed to traditional sightseeing. A blind tour is a different experience owing to the absence of one vital sense, sight, thereby stimulating the other relevant senses, namely hearing, feel and smell. The concept has been related to that of the dark restaurant, where there is no light for diners to see what they eat.

A "blindfold tour" to savour the smells of the City of London was proposed as far back as 1970. More recently, blindfolded tours have been offered in a range of mainly urban locations, including tours of Prague Castle, Tirana in Albania, Vancouver, and the Alfama quarter of Lisbon. The German artist Christian Jankowski has undertaken two blind tours: one in Dubai and one in Montevideo, where he led a group of blindfolded journalists.

In some cases a blind tour may involve offering the tourist a video of their tour following completion of the tour.


title: China Hainan Sports Lottery–Yindongli

abstract: China Yindonli–Wildto Cycling Team was a Chinese UCI Continental cycling team established in 2013.

text:
# China Hainan Sports Lottery–Yindongli

**China Yindonli–Wildto Cycling Team** was a Chinese UCI Continental cycling team established in 2013.

## 2016 Team roster

*As of December 2016.*

| Rider Date of birth  Cao Bo (CHN)  (1992-05-14)14 May 1992 (aged 24)  Gao Peng (CHN)  (1993-12-31)31 December 1993 (aged 23)  Li Guanghui (CHN)  (1995-11-04)4 November 1995 (aged 21)  Li Jiamin (CHN)  (1993-01-07)7 January 1993 (aged 23)  Li Jinsong (CHN)  (1997-04-26)26 April 1997 (aged 19) |  | Rider Date of birth  Liu Jiankun (CHN)  (1995-06-21)21 June 1995 (aged 21)  Liu Ye (CHN)  (1995-08-18)18 August 1995 (aged 21)  Niu Yikui (CHN)  (1994-08-02)2 August 1994 (aged 22)  Song Anping (CHN)  (1995-05-07)7 May 1995 (aged 21)  Yan Zhipeng (CHN)  (1995-07-09)9 July 1995 (aged 21) |
| --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

China Yindonli-Wildto Cycling Team
| Team information | |
| --- | --- |
| UCI code | YDL |
| Registered | China |
| Founded | 2013 |
| Disbanded | 2017 |
| Discipline(s) | Road |
| Status | UCI Continental |
| Team name history | |
| 2013
2014
2015
2016 | China Hainan Yindongli
China Hainan HNB Yindongli
China Yindongli Hainan–Wildto
China Hainan Sports Lottery–Yindongli |


title: Cheryl Wall

abstract: Cheryl A. Wall was a literary critic and professor of English at Rutgers University. One of the first black women to head an English department at a major research university, she worked for diversity in the literary canon as well as in the classroom. She specialized in black women's writing, particularly the Harlem Renaissance and Zora Neale Hurston. She edited several volumes of Hurston's writings for the Library of America. She was also a section editor for The Norton Anthology of African American Literature and was on the editorial boards of American Literature, African American Review and Signs. An award-winning researcher and teacher, she was named the Board of Governors Zora Neale Hurston Professor in 2007. Wall had a lifelong commitment to African-American arts and culture and was the founding board chair of the Crossroads Theater Company, the first Black Theater in New Jersey, founded by two Rutgers graduates, Ricardo Khan and Lee Richardson in 1978.

text:
# Cheryl Wall

**Cheryl A. Wall** (October 29, 1948 – April 4, 2020) was a literary critic and professor of English at Rutgers University. One of the first black women to head an English department at a major research university, she worked for diversity in the literary canon as well as in the classroom. She specialized in black women's writing, particularly the Harlem Renaissance and Zora Neale Hurston. She edited several volumes of Hurston's writings for the Library of America. She was also a section editor for *The Norton Anthology of African American Literature* and was on the editorial boards of *American Literature*, *African American Review* and *Signs*. An award-winning researcher and teacher, she was named the Board of Governors Zora Neale Hurston Professor in 2007.

Wall had a lifelong commitment to African-American arts and culture and was the founding board chair of the Crossroads Theater Company, the first Black Theater in New Jersey, founded by two Rutgers graduates, Ricardo Khan and Lee Richardson in 1978.

## Biography

Cheryl Ann Wall was born in Manhattan, New York, and was raised in Jamaica, Queens. Her father, Rev. Monroe Wall, was a pastor of Mount Calvary Baptist Church in Harlem, and her mother, Rennie Ray (*née* Strayhorn) Wall, was an English teacher in New York City public schools. Wall attended Rhodes Preparatory School in Manhattan, and studied piano under Margaret Bonds. She went on to earn a B.A. degree in English from Howard University and her Ph.D from Harvard University on a Ford Foundation scholarship. Upon graduating from Harvard, Wall cited a feeling of alienation due to being one of the few Black women in her graduate program. In 1972, Wall started as a professor at Rutgers University, reflecting that: "When I arrived, I found that there were conversations that I could see myself in, which was very different from my experience in graduate school."

At Rutgers, Wall founded the Rutgers English Diversity Institute, a program to encourage greater diversity among graduate students, as a result of which all English majors were required to complete a course in African-American literature.

Wall died of complications from an asthma attack, at her home in Highland Park, New Jersey, on April 4, 2020, aged 71.

Wall is survived by her daughter, Camara Epps.

## Awards and honors

* Policy Makers Award, Executive Women of New Jersey, 2008
* Human Dignity Award, Committee to Advance Our Common Purposes, Rutgers University, 2007
* The Board of Trustees Award for Excellence in Research, Rutgers University, 2006

## Selected publications

* *Changing Our Own Words: Criticism, Theory and Writing by Black Women* (ed., 1989)
* *Women of the Harlem Renaissance* (1995)
* *"Sweat": Texts and Contexts* (ed., 1997)
* *Their Eyes Were Watching God: A Casebook* (ed., 2000)
* *Worrying the Line: Black Women Writers, Lineage and Literary Tradition* (2005)
* *On Freedom and the Will to Adorn: The Art of the African American Essay* (2019)

## InfoBox

| Cheryl A. Wall | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Cheryl Ann Wall
(1948-10-29)October 29, 1948
Manhattan, New York, US |
| Died | April 4, 2020(2020-04-04) (aged 71)
Highland Park, New Jersey |
| Education |  |
| Occupation(s) | Literary critic, academic |


title: St. Joseph's College (Edmonton)

abstract: St. Joseph's College is a Catholic, undergraduate, liberal arts college on the University of Alberta campus. It also serves as a residence and place of worship. It is affiliated with the University of Alberta and the Archdiocese of Edmonton, and is pastorally served by the Basilian Fathers. Its courses, residences, and campus ministry services are open to all University of Alberta students, and all of its courses are 3-credit University of Alberta Arts electives. St. Joseph’s College provides academic programs and courses in the Liberal Arts which are supported and enhanced by a worshiping community, campus ministry programs, and residences for both male and female students. Though affiliated with the University of Alberta and the Catholic Church, it is open to all peoples and beliefs.

text:
# St. Joseph's College (Edmonton)

**St. Joseph's College** is a Catholic, undergraduate, liberal arts college on the University of Alberta campus. It also serves as a residence and place of worship. It is affiliated with the University of Alberta and the Archdiocese of Edmonton, and is pastorally served by the Basilian Fathers. Its courses, residences, and campus ministry services are open to all University of Alberta students, and all of its courses are 3-credit University of Alberta Arts electives.

St. Joseph’s College provides academic programs and courses in the Liberal Arts which are supported and enhanced by a worshiping community, campus ministry programs, and residences for both male and female students. Though affiliated with the University of Alberta and the Catholic Church, it is open to all peoples and beliefs.

## Academics

St. Joseph’s College courses are all 3-credit University of Alberta Arts electives, serving 2000 yearly enrolments. Teaching and researching across the Liberal Arts, through 8 tenured faculty and supporting sessionals, SJC offers a B.A. Minor in Christian Theology, as well as a Certificate in Catholic Education. The College’s course topics include Christianity & Culture, History, Ethics, Religious Education, Scripture, Theology, Philosophy, and Experiential Learning. The College is also home to the Peter and Doris Kule Chair in Religious Education.

## Residence

St. Joseph’s College has both men’s and women’s residences that are open to all University of Alberta students, regardless of their cultural, spiritual, or academic backgrounds, for 63 men and 284 women.

The men’s residence, founded in 1926, accommodates 63 students, and offers private, fully furnished bedrooms, a full meal plan at the College’s cafeteria, and common study areas. Known for being a unique and close-knit community, the St. Joe’s Rangers participate actively in the University of Alberta campus intramural programs and have a long history of winning championship titles. Notable residents include former Prime Minister of Canada, Joe Clark.

The St. Joseph’s College Women’s Residence was founded in 2006. Called Kateri House, after the First Nations Catholic Saint, St. Kateri Tekakwitha, the residence recently expanded to accommodate 284 female students. Its building has 24 hour security, fully furnished 1, 2 & 4 bedroom suites, an optional lunch meal plan shared with the men's residence and common study areas. The Kateri Islanders also participate in the University of Alberta campus intramurals.

## Chapel

The St. Joseph’s College Chapel provides mass on Saturday evening, both Sundays and weekdays to nearly 300 people weekly. Its Sunday masses include a thriving children’s liturgy program and music ministry. It offers the Sacrament of Reconciliation on Tuesdays from 11:30-12:00, or by appointment.

## InfoBox

St. Joseph's College
| Motto | Quaecumque Vera Doce Me
(*Teach Me Whatsoever Things Are True*) |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Public / Catholic |
| Established | 1926 |
| President | Dr. Shawn W. Flynn |
| Administrative staff | 19 (academic),
14 (administrative) |
| Address | 11325 89 Avenue NW
Edmonton, Alberta
T6G 2J5
53°31′28″N 113°31′29″W / 53.524473°N 113.524652°W / 53.524473; -113.524652 |
| Campus | Urban |
| Type | Affiliated college of the University of Alberta |
| Website | www.ualberta.ca/st-josephs/index.html |


title: Redcliffe railway station

abstract: Redcliffe railway station is a station for underground commuter rail services in Redcliffe, east of Perth, Western Australia. The station is one of three stations that were built as part of the Forrestfield–Airport Link project and is served by Transperth's Airport line services. The contract for the Forrestfield–Airport Link, which consists of 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) of twin bored tunnels and three new stations, was awarded to Salini Impregilo and NRW Pty Ltd in April 2016. Forward works, which included the permanent closure of Brearley Avenue between Great Eastern Highway and Dunreath Drive, began in 2016. Construction began in mid-2017, and by June 2018, excavation was complete. The two tunnel boring machines (TBMs) reached the station in mid-2019, having tunnelled from High Wycombe, and left tunnelling towards Bayswater after several weeks of maintenance. Construction of the station infrastructure followed. Originally planned to open in 2020, the line officially opened on 9 October 2022. It is served by trains every twelve minutes during peak hour and every fifteen minutes outside peak hour and on weekends and public holidays. At night, trains are half-hourly or hourly. The journey to Perth station takes fifteen minutes.

text:
# Redcliffe railway station

**Redcliffe railway station** is a station for underground commuter rail services in Redcliffe, east of Perth, Western Australia. The station is one of three stations that were built as part of the Forrestfield–Airport Link project and is served by Transperth's Airport line services.

The contract for the Forrestfield–Airport Link, which consists of 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) of twin bored tunnels and three new stations, was awarded to Salini Impregilo and NRW Pty Ltd in April 2016. Forward works, which included the permanent closure of Brearley Avenue between Great Eastern Highway and Dunreath Drive, began in 2016. Construction began in mid-2017, and by June 2018, excavation was complete. The two tunnel boring machines (TBMs) reached the station in mid-2019, having tunnelled from High Wycombe, and left tunnelling towards Bayswater after several weeks of maintenance. Construction of the station infrastructure followed.

Originally planned to open in 2020, the line officially opened on 9 October 2022. It is served by trains every twelve minutes during peak hour and every fifteen minutes outside peak hour and on weekends and public holidays. At night, trains are half-hourly or hourly. The journey to Perth station takes fifteen minutes.

## Description

The station is within the residential area of Redcliffe, about 1 kilometre (0.6 mi) west of terminals three and four of Perth Airport. It is located just to the west of Dunreath Drive on the former Brearley Avenue right of way. It is owned by the Public Transport Authority (PTA), a state government agency, and is part of the Transperth system. The adjacent station to the north-west is Bayswater station, where the Airport line links with the Midland line. The adjacent station to the south-east is Airport Central station, which services terminals one and two of Perth Airport. The station's distance to terminals three and four has been criticised, with it being justified by there being plans for the relocation of Qantas to the Airport Central precinct from 2031.

The station consists of a single underground island platform with two platform edges. The platform is 150 metres (490 ft) long, or long enough for a Transperth six-car train, the longest trains used on the network. Access to the platform is provided by stairs, lifts, and escalators, making the station fully accessible. On the surface are toilets, a kiosk, a customer service office and staff facilities. Surrounding the station building is a bus interchange with six bus bays. There are also drop-off bays nearby and a 500-bay car park approximately 400 metres (1,300 ft) south. The station design has been described as similar to Elizabeth Quay station.

## History

During initial planning, the station was called Airport West station as it was located nearer to Perth Airport terminals three and four. The Forrestfield-Airport Link Project Definition Plan, released in August 2014, had the station located in the residential area of Redcliffe instead of in the airport. As such, the station was renamed Belmont station in April 2016 upon the awarding of the main contract. The name came from the adjacent suburb of the same name. For the most part, the Forrestfield-Airport Link project came under one contract, worth A$1.176 billion and awarded to Salini Impregilo and NRW Pty Ltd. This included the construction of the tunnels and three stations, including Belmont station. At the time, the station was expected to be in operation by 2020.

The station was planned to be constructed over the Brearley Avenue right of way, requiring the permanent closure of that road between Great Eastern Highway and Dunreath Drive. At the time, the road was one of the main entrances to Perth Airport, and so nearby roads had to be upgraded to cope with the road's closure. A $4.8 million contract for that was awarded to MACA Civil Pty Ltd in March 2016. Other forward works occurred throughout 2016, including a drain realignment. Brearley Avenue closed on 17 January 2017, and the contractors took site possession in February 2017. Early works began in April 2017.

The government faced calls for the station to be renamed Redcliffe to reflect its actual location. In July 2017, the City of Belmont voted unanimously in support for the name change. The state government launched a survey in October 2017 to decide whether to call it Belmont or Redcliffe station. 81 percent of the 852 respondents voted for Redcliffe, and so the station was renamed in December 2017.

In June 2017, the station's design was revealed. Weston Williamson and GHD Woodhead had been appointed by the contractors as the designers for the three stations. Construction of the station began in mid-2017. By the end of the year, the station's diaphragm walls were complete. Excavation started on 8 February 2018 and was completed by June, whereupon waterproofing of the station commenced. That was completed by August 2018, and so construction of the base slab followed. Nine concrete pours were required for that, which took place over the remainder of 2018.

The first few months of 2019 were used to prepare for the arrival of the two tunnel boring machines (TBMs). A crane was installed for the delivery of tunnel segments for the final portion of tunnelling between Redcliffe and Bayswater. The first TBM, *Grace*, arrived at Redcliffe station on 9 May 2019, having tunnelled there from High Wycombe. After several weeks for maintenance, the TBM left the station bound for Bayswater on 14 June. *Sandy*, the second tunnel boring machine, arrived at the station on 6 July 2019. *Sandy* left the station in early August, allowing the commencement of construction for station infrastructure, including the platform and a mezzanine level.

On 18 December 2018, Transport Minister Rita Saffioti announced the opening date of the project had been delayed from 2020 to 2021. In May 2021, she announced that the project had been delayed again, this time with the opening date being in the first half of 2022. Following the state budget on 12 May 2022, the government changed its position on the line's opening date, saying the line will open some time later in the year. On 16 August, the opening date was revealed to be 9 October 2022, which is when the station did open. The new bus services to Redcliffe station commenced the following day.

## Services

Redcliffe station is served by the Airport line on the Transperth network. These services are operated by Transperth Train Operations, a division of the PTA. To the east, the line goes two stations to High Wycombe station. To the west, the line joins the Midland line one station along at Bayswater, running alongside that line to Perth station, before running alongside the Fremantle line, terminating at Claremont station. Airport line trains stop at the station every twelve minutes during peak hour on weekdays and every fifteen minutes outside peak hour and on weekends and public holidays. At night, trains are half-hourly or hourly. The station is predicted to have average daily boardings of 4,100, rising to 6,000 in 2031. The journey to Perth station takes fifteen minutes. The station is in fare zone two, and there is no surcharge.

Redcliffe station has a bus interchange with seven stands and seven regular bus routes. Route 39 runs to Elizabeth Quay bus station via Belmont Forum Shopping Centre. Routes 290 and 291 go to Midland station via Guildford and South Guildford. Route 292 is a short loop which goes to terminals three and four. Route 935 is a high frequency route which runs to Kings Park via Belmont Forum Shopping Centre and the Perth central business district. Route 940 is a high frequency route which runs to Elizabeth Quay bus station via Great Eastern Highway. Rail replacement bus services operate as route 902.

## InfoBox

| Redcliffe | |
| --- | --- |
| Redcliffe Station, Western Australia, on opening day, October 2022 02.jpg | |
| General information | |
| Location | Dunreath Drive, Redcliffe
Western Australia
Australia |
| Coordinates | 31°56′01″S 115°56′59″E / 31.9336°S 115.9497°E / -31.9336; 115.9497 (Redcliffe Station) |
| Owned by | Public Transport Authority |
| Operated by | Transperth Train Operations |
| Line(s) | Airport line |
| Platforms | 1 island platform with 2 platform edges |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Connections | Bus |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Underground |
| Parking | Yes |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Fare zone | 2 |
| History | |
| Opened | 9 October 2022 |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| Predicted | 4,100 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Transperth Following station  Bayswatertowards Perth or Claremont  Airport line  Airport Centraltowards High Wycombe | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location   Location of Redcliffe railway station | |


title: Shubhashish Jha

abstract: Shubhashish Jha is an Indian actor who is best known as Vidhaan Rawat in Jiji Maa and then notably as Jijaji in Jijaji Chhat Parr Koii Hai.

text:
# Shubhashish Jha

**Shubhashish Jha** is an Indian actor who is best known as Vidhaan Rawat in *Jiji Maa* and then notably as Jijaji in *Jijaji Chhat Parr Koii Hai*.

## Early life

Shubhashish Jha was born on 8th March 1995 in Purnia, Bihar. Jha attended Don Bosco, Patna and Delhi Public School, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi. Then, he pursued B.Tech in Computer Science and Technology from Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal, India.

## Career

Jha started his acting career as a boxer in Channel V India show *Twist Wala Love* opposite Twinkle Patel. In the same year, he was roped in to play the parallel lead role of Sameer in Zee TV popular show *Qubool Hai*, for which he was much appreciated. In 2017, Jha was roped in to play the parallel lead of Vidhaan Rawat opposite Bhavika Sharma in *Jiji Maa* and rose to fame with this role.

Jha was last seen playing the main lead and titular role of Jijaji in SAB TV series *Jijaji Chhat Parr Koii Hai* opposite Hiba Nawab. Jha would also be making his film debut with the upcoming film *Hurdang*.

## Filmography

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Refs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | *Twist Wala Love* | Samar | Debut / Lead role |  |
| 2015–2016 | *Qubool Hai* | Sameer | Parallel Lead |  |
| 2017 | *MTV Big F* | Kabir (S2, Episode 8) | Lead role |  |
| 2017–2019 | *Jiji Maa* | Vidhaan Rawat | Parallel Lead |  |
| 2019 | *Laal Ishq* | Venu (Episode 75) | Lead role |  |
| 2021 | *Jijaji Chhat Parr Koii Hai* | Jijaji / Jitendra Jamvant Jindal | Lead role |  |
|

### Films

| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Refs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2022 | *Hurdang* | Ranjan |  |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Shubhashish Jha | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Bihar, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Education | B.Tech in Computer Science and Technology |
| Alma mater | Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, India |
| Occupation |  |
| Years active | 2015–present |
| Known for |  |
| Height | 183 cm (6 ft 0 in) |


title: The Meat & Oil EP

abstract: The Meat & Oil EP is a studio EP by American hip hop producer Jel. It was released on Mush Records in 2002.

text:
# The Meat & Oil EP

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Gullbuy* | favorable |
| *Hip Hop Core* |  |

***The Meat & Oil EP*** is a studio EP by American hip hop producer Jel. It was released on Mush Records in 2002.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Media Mom Saves the Day" | 5:55 |
| 2. | "Shed Those McValues" | 4:34 |
| 3. | "The Livestock Rock" | 4:59 |
| 4. | "Petroleum Jel" | 5:23 |

## InfoBox

| The Meat & Oil EP | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Jel | |
| Released | September 17, 2002 (2002-09-17) |
| Genre | Instrumental hip hop |
| Length | 20:49 |
| Label | Mush Records |
| Producer | Jel |


title: China Now

abstract: "CHINA NOW" was the largest festival of Chinese culture ever in the UK. It launched in February 2008, with a series of high-profile events to mark the beginning of the Chinese New Year.

text:
# China Now

"**CHINA NOW**" was the largest festival of Chinese culture ever in the UK. It launched in February 2008, with a series of high-profile events to mark the beginning of the Chinese New Year.

## About the festival

Throughout the first half of 2008, until the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympics, China Now coordinated over 1300 events, performances and activities. It showcased of art, design, cuisine and culture, science, business and technology, education and sport – an inspirational celebration of vibrant, dynamic 21st-century China.

As a non-profit organisation, China Now aimed to build partnerships between artists, cultural leaders, schools, businesses and communities across the UK and China. Through an array of participatory events and activities, China Now offered insight into China’s heritage and brought the diversity of modern Chinese culture to life. The organizers hope that new connections and relationships developed over the course of the festival will cement partnerships between China and the UK that will last long into the future.

China Now was conceived by the business community and was chaired by Stephen Green, Group Chairman of HSBC Holdings plc. It was supported by the Premier of the People’s Republic of China, Wen Jiabao, the Ambassador of the People’s Republic of China to the United Kingdom, Madame Fu Ying, and the British Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, as well as that of all its founding partners and sponsors.

‘Between the Chinese New Year celebrations next February and the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympics, the UK will be bringing together a festival of celebrations showcasing the very best of modern China.’ said Stephen Green, Group Chairman, HSBC Holdings plc in 2007.

Madame Fu Ying, Ambassador of the People’s Republic of China to the United Kingdom believes that ‘China Now has a very positive purpose as it seeks to advance the UK public’s understanding of contemporary China.’

* Opening by Ken Livingstone, Mayor of London
* China-UK Women's Cultural Festival, incl. display of photographs
* The First Emperor, exhibition at the British Museum
* Chinese New Year events at the British Museum (9 Feb 2008) - incl "Monkey Suite" by Damon Albarn and Jamie Hewlett
* China Design Now, exhibition at the V&A
* Icons of Revolution, Mao badges then and now, exhibition at the British Museum
* Manhua! China Comics Now, exhibition.
* Poems by Bei Dao and Yang Lian displayed on the London underground
* Olympic torch relay in London (6 April 2008)
* China Media Festival, at SOAS (18-19 June 2008)
* China in London: Spotlight on Beijing - season of contemporary Chinese cinema and a special focus on the work of film-maker Tian Zhuangzhuang, at the ICA


title: Thomas W. Murphy (Illinois judge)

abstract: Thomas Murphy is a judge in the Cook County Circuit Court. Prior to winning election to that post in 2006, he served as an alderman of the 18th ward in Chicago; he was first elected in 1991.

text:
# Thomas W. Murphy (Illinois judge)

**Thomas Murphy** is a judge in the Cook County Circuit Court. Prior to winning election to that post in 2006, he served as an alderman of the 18th ward in Chicago; he was first elected in 1991.

## Early life

Murphy was born and raised in Chicago, he went to Northern Illinois University and John Marshall Law School. He was a high school teacher and has practiced law since 1979. He has a daughter, Nora.

## Political career

Murphy was first elected as alderman in 1991 after a runoff election.

As alderman, Murphy led opposition to real estate property tax increases and voted against a salary increase for aldermen. He introduced an ordinance to cross-train firefighters and paramedics in order to improve public safety.

## Affiliations

Murphy founded the Summer Immunization Program, Youth Basketball League Sponsorship and Coaching. He has served as Vice-chairman of the Building and Budget committee; he also served on five other committees: Finance; Police and Fire; License and Consumer Protection; Rules and Ethics; and Aviation.

Elected to the Cook County Circuit Court in November 2006, Lona Lane was appointed to fill his remaining term in the Chicago City Council by Mayor Richard M. Daley.


title: Simon Aiken

abstract: Simon Mark Aiken is Dean of Benoni and rector of St Dunstan's Cathedral in the Diocese of the Highveld. He was previously the 12th Dean of Kimberley and rector of St Cyprian's Cathedral, Kimberley, in the Diocese of Kimberley and Kuruman in South Africa. Born in England in 1962, he went to South Africa in 2006, initially as subdean at Bloemfontein Cathedral.

text:
# Simon Aiken

**Simon Mark Aiken** is Dean of Benoni and rector of St Dunstan's Cathedral in the Diocese of the Highveld. He was previously the 12th Dean of Kimberley and rector of St Cyprian's Cathedral, Kimberley, in the Diocese of Kimberley and Kuruman in South Africa. Born in England in 1962, he went to South Africa in 2006, initially as subdean at Bloemfontein Cathedral.

## Early career

Aiken qualified with a Master of Theology degree from St Andrew's University (1985) and a Certificate in Theology from Ripon College Cuddesdon, Oxford (1986-1988).

He was made a deacon (1988) and ordained as a priest (1989) in the Diocese of Blackburn.

Aiken served curacies, 1988-1994, at St Matthew with Holy Trinity, Burnley, and St Anne’s at St Annes-on-Sea. Subsequently he was vicar respectively at St Thomas the Apostle, Musbury, Helmshore (1994-1999), and at St Lawrence with St Paul, Longridge, north east of the city of Preston (1999-2006).

An early interest in liturgy led Aiken to researching and revising the compline rite for his theological college and to subsequent engagements in devising liturgies for many contexts and occasions at parish and diocesan levels.

Aiken became involved with the Royal School of Church Music both regionally and at a national level in the United Kingdom, being chaplain for the annual Easter course at Rossall School over a period of 11 years. He is himself a singer and he plays the organ and piano.

## South Africa

Aiken went to South Africa in 2006 to become the subdean at the Cathedral of St Andrew and St Michael in Bloemfontein in the Diocese of the Free State – a diocese having a link relationship with the Diocese of Blackburn.

In 2009 he was invited by Archbishop Thabo Makgoba to be champion for the Anglican Church of Southern Africa’s Liturgical Transformation Task Team.

As in England, Aiken was soon integrating musical endeavours with the theological and liturgical aspects of the life of the cathedral and he was instrumental in forming a new Free State branch of the Royal School of Church Music centred in Bloemfontein. He forged links between the cathedral and academic institutions in the city, formally as Anglican chaplain to the University of the Free State and the Central University of Technology, as well as through the fostering of musical connections.

Aiken enrolled for a PhD at the University of the Free State, to study African liturgical music.

## Kimberley Cathedral

In 2010 Aiken was invited to be Dean of Kimberley and was installed by Oswald Swartz, bishop of the Diocese of Kimberley and Kuruman at St Cyprian's Cathedral on 6 November 2010.

In his first sermon as dean, Aiken quoted Archbishop William Temple to remind his listeners that "the Church is the only cooperative society in the world that exists for the benefit of those who are not its members." He spoke of his vision to nurture a generous and welcoming spirit at the cathedral which serves not just its own parish but also the wider city of Kimberley and the diocese.

Aiken has described himself as being "a very embryonic student of Afrikaans" ("what can I say but 'ek probeer' - I try") while having a more fluent command of Sesotho.

His diocesan responsibilities included appointments as the Archdeacon of the Karoo (2011-2012) and as Titular Rector of St Mary's, Barkly West, as well as his role as Canon Missioner for the diocese and as Vicar General (April 2012).

## Benoni

Aiken was appointed Dean of Benoni in 2014 and was instituted and installed as Dean and Rector at St Dunstan's Cathedral on 25 May 2014. Following the retirement of Bishop David Bannerman at the end of January 2015, Aiken was licensed as Vicar General of the Diocese of the Highveld.


title: Cheyenne Roundup

abstract: Cheyenne Roundup is a 1943 American Western film directed by Ray Taylor and written by Elmer Clifton and Bernard McConville. The film stars Johnny Mack Brown, Tex Ritter, Fuzzy Knight, Jennifer Holt, Harry Woods and Roy Barcroft. The film was released on April 12, 1943, by Universal Pictures.

text:
# Cheyenne Roundup

***Cheyenne Roundup*** is a 1943 American Western film directed by Ray Taylor and written by Elmer Clifton and Bernard McConville. The film stars Johnny Mack Brown, Tex Ritter, Fuzzy Knight, Jennifer Holt, Harry Woods and Roy Barcroft. The film was released on April 12, 1943, by Universal Pictures.

## Plot

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Cheyenne Roundup | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Ray Taylor |
| Screenplay by | Elmer Clifton
Bernard McConville |
| Story by | Elmer Clifton |
| Produced by | Oliver Drake |
| Starring | Johnny Mack Brown
Tex Ritter
Fuzzy Knight
Jennifer Holt
Harry Woods
Roy Barcroft |
| Cinematography | William A. Sickner |
| Edited by | Otto Ludwig |
| Production
company | Universal Pictures |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
| Release date | * April 12, 1943 (1943-04-12) |
| Running time | 59 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Claudio Bermúdez

abstract:
Claudio Bermúdez is a Mexican songwriter, musician, songwriter, producer, arranger, engineer and actor.
He started his acting career at 12 years old. He studied piano with his father, the concert pianist José Luis Bermúdez at 7 years old. His first experience as singer was at 16 years old, singing mariachi.
In 1989, Claudio Bermúdez Cassani with 17 years old joined Timbiriche, where he shared credits with Diego Schoening, Paulina Rubio, Erik Rubín, Edith Márquez, Bibi Gaytán, Patty Tanús, and Silvia Campos. In 1990 they recorded the album "Timbiriche X", a big success. The band won multiple gold and platinum discs and had a long two-year tour in Mexico. In 1991, Timbiriche celebrated their 10 anniversary as a band in "La movida", a late-night TV show hosted by Verónica Castro. The same year, Claudio fines historia time with Timbiriche and decided to start a solo career. In 1994, Claudio released "Como aire fresco", produced by Rafael Pérez Botija, With 10 songs as a songwriter, which earned a gold record for 100, 000 sold copies. He reached the peak of popularity in Latin America and the billboard be making their first songs "here with me" and "you are my refuge" He won Best New Artist on Eres Awards in 1995. In Usa he receives the ASCAP Award by the song "Ven junto a mí". He wrote songs for other artists like Paulina Rubio, Edith Márquez, Carlos Rivera, Cuisillos, Ragazzi.
Claudio Bermudez wrote an álbum dedicated to God and he returned with album "Estoy contigo" in 2001. In 2006, Claudio produce main song by movie "Open season", performed by REYLI BARBA In the 2007, participated in programa "Disco de oro”.
In 2010 Claudio wrote, arrange and produced his third album "Vida".

text:
# Claudio Bermúdez

**Claudio Bermúdez** (born 31 December 1971, Mexico City) is a Mexican songwriter, musician, songwriter, producer, arranger, engineer and actor. He started his acting career at 12 years old. He studied piano with his father, the concert pianist José Luis Bermúdez at 7 years old. His first experience as singer was at 16 years old, singing mariachi. In 1989, Claudio Bermúdez Cassani with 17 years old joined Timbiriche, where he shared credits with Diego Schoening, Paulina Rubio, Erik Rubín, Edith Márquez, Bibi Gaytán, Patty Tanús, and Silvia Campos. In 1990 they recorded the album "Timbiriche X", a big success. The band won multiple gold and platinum discs and had a long two-year tour in Mexico. In 1991, Timbiriche celebrated their 10 anniversary as a band in "La movida", a late-night TV show hosted by Verónica Castro. The same year, Claudio fines historia time with Timbiriche and decided to start a solo career. In 1994, Claudio released "Como aire fresco", produced by Rafael Pérez Botija, With 10 songs as a songwriter, which earned a gold record for 100, 000 sold copies. He reached the peak of popularity in Latin America and the billboard be making their first songs "here with me" and "you are my refuge" He won Best New Artist on Eres Awards in 1995. In Usa he receives the ASCAP Award by the song "Ven junto a mí". He wrote songs for other artists like Paulina Rubio, Edith Márquez, Carlos Rivera, Cuisillos, Ragazzi. Claudio Bermudez wrote an álbum dedicated to God and he returned with album "Estoy contigo" in 2001. In 2006, Claudio produce main song by movie "Open season", performed by REYLI BARBA In the 2007, participated in programa "Disco de oro” . In 2010 Claudio wrote, arrange and produced his third album "Vida".

## Discography

### Discography with Timbiriche

### Discography as solo

Disco Vida en el año de 2011

## T.V. Programs

## InfoBox

| Claudio Bermúdez | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Claudio Bermúdez Cassani |
| Born | (1971-12-31) December 31, 1971<br>Mexico City |
| Occupations | * Singer * songwriter |
| Years active | 1989–present |
| Formerly of | Timbiriche |


title: Fiat Twin Cam engine

abstract: The Fiat Twin Cam is an advanced double overhead camshaft inline-four automobile engine produced from 1966 through 2000 as a Fiat/Lancia engine. Designed by ex Ferrari engineer Aurelio Lampredi, the engine was produced in a large number of displacements, ranging from 1.3 to 2.0 L and was used in Fiat, Lancia, Alfa Romeo, SEAT, FSO and Morgan cars. The Fiat Twin Cam engine has been widely used in motorsport and has been the most successful engine in the history of the World Rally Championship. Fiat and Lancia won a total of ten World Rally Championships for Manufacturers using engines based on the Lampredi Twin Cam engine. It was replaced by the Fiat "family B" Pratola Serra engine series.

text:
# Fiat Twin Cam engine

The **Fiat Twin Cam** (also known as the Lampredi Twin Cam) is an advanced double overhead camshaft inline-four automobile engine produced from 1966 through 2000 as a Fiat/Lancia engine. Designed by ex Ferrari engineer Aurelio Lampredi, the engine was produced in a large number of displacements, ranging from 1.3 to 2.0 L (1,297 to 1,995 cc) and was used in Fiat, Lancia, Alfa Romeo, SEAT, FSO and Morgan cars. The Fiat Twin Cam engine has been widely used in motorsport and has been the most successful engine in the history of the World Rally Championship. Fiat and Lancia won a total of ten World Rally Championships for Manufacturers using engines based on the Lampredi Twin Cam engine. It was replaced by the Fiat "family B" Pratola Serra engine series.

## Design

The Twin Cam uses the block of the overhead valve 124-series engine first found in the Fiat 124 with some modifications to accept the belt drive for the double overhead camshafts (DOHC). The head itself is made in three pieces, one carrying the combustion chamber and valves and one separate casting for each camshaft in tunnel type bearings. The valves had an included angle of 65 degrees. The engine featured a revolutionary new method for adjusting the valve clearance. Usually at that time in double overhead camshaft engines like from Alfa Romeo or Jaguar, small shims were placed on the valve stem inside the bucket tappets, thereby necessitating the removal of the camshafts to get access to these shims to adjust the valve clearance, making for time consuming and very expensive maintenance work. Lampredi’s design placed the shims on top of the tappets where they could be removed with the camshaft *in situ* after the tappets were pressed down with a special tool. This design was patented for Fiat and was used in the engines of the 128 and 130, and even the Ferrari/Fiat Dino V6 engine was converted to this system.

Fiat was a pioneer in engine development during the time period, using toothed rubber belt driven camshafts and aluminium alloy heads. Earlier Fiat Twin Cam engines were actually O.S.C.A. designs.

### CHT

One version was the CHT (for "Controlled High Turbulence"). This version was mainly used in the first generation Fiat Croma and used a special head and intake with auxiliary intake ducts to provide a better fuel and gas mixture under low or partial acceleration. This meant considerably improved fuel mileage.

## Applications

Lampredi's twin cam engine was first seen in the Fiat 124 coupé of late 1966, but was later made available in a large number of cars.

## Displacements

| Displacement | Bore x Stroke | Models<br> |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1.3 L (1,297 cc) | 76 mm × 71.5 mm (2.99 in × 2.81 in) | Lancia Beta, Fiat 131 Supermirafiori |
| 1.3 L (1,301 cc) | 76.1 mm × 71.5 mm (3.00 in × 2.81 in) | Lancia Beta |
| 1.4 L (1,367 cc) | 78 mm × 71.5 mm (3.07 in × 2.81 in) | Fiat 131 Supermirafiori |
| 1.4 L (1,438 cc) | 80 mm × 71.5 mm (3.15 in × 2.81 in) | Lancia Beta; Fiat 124 Special T/coupe/Spider; SEAT 124, SEAT 1430 |
| 1.6 L (1,585 cc) | 84 mm × 71.5 mm (3.31 in × 2.81 in) | Fiat 131 Supermirafiori, Fiat 132/Argenta, Fiat Ritmo 105TC; Lancia Beta, Lancia Beta Coupe/HPE, Lancia Delta/Prisma |
| 1.6 L (1,592 cc) | 80 mm × 79.2 mm (3.15 in × 3.12 in) | Fiat 124 Special T/coupe/Spider, Fiat 132; Lancia Beta; SEAT 124, SEAT 1430, SEAT 131, SEAT 132; Polski Fiat 125p Monte Carlo |
| 1.6 L (1,608 cc) | 80 mm × 80 mm (3.15 in × 3.15 in) | Fiat 124 coupe/Spider, Fiat 125; SEAT 124 Sport |
| 1.8 L (1,756 cc) | 84 mm × 79.2 mm (3.31 in × 3.12 in) | Fiat 124 coupe/Spider, Fiat 132, Fiat Tipo/Tempra; Lancia Beta, Lancia Beta Coupe/HPE, Lancia Delta/Prisma, Lancia Dedra; SEAT 124, SEAT 124 Sport, SEAT 1430, SEAT 131, SEAT 132; Polski Fiat 125p Akropolis |
| 1.9 L (1,920 cc) | 84 mm × 86.6 mm (3.31 in × 3.41 in) | SEAT 124, SEAT 131, SEAT 132 |
| 2.0 L (1,995 cc) | 84 mm × 90 mm (3.31 in × 3.54 in) | Fiat Spider 2000, Fiat 131, Fiat 132/Argenta, Fiat Strada/Ritmo/Regata, Fiat Croma, Fiat Tipo/Tempra, Fiat Coupé; Lancia Beta, Lancia Beta Coupe/HPE, Lancia Delta/Prisma, Lancia Dedra, Lancia Thema; SEAT 124, SEAT 131; FSO Polonez |
| 2.1 L (2,110 cc) | 85 mm × 93 mm (3.35 in × 3.66 in) | Lancia 037 Evo II (also supercharged); SEAT 124-16v Gr.5 1977 |

## Engine Codes

| Engine type | Engine volume | Engine power |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 154A2.000 | 1995ccm | 155HP |
| 124AC3.000 | 1438ccm | 90HP |
| 124AC.000 | 1438ccm | 90HP |
| 124AC.040 | 1438ccm | 96HP |
| 132A.040.4 | 1592ccm | 95HP |
| 132AC.000 | 1592ccm | 95HP |
| 132A9.000 | 1592ccm | 98HP |
| 132AC.040.3 | 1592ccm | 87HP |
| 125BC000 | 1608ccm | 110HP |
| 125BC040 | 1608ccm | 110HP |
| 132AC1.000 | 1756ccm | 114HP/118HP |
| 132A1.031.5 | 1756ccm | 83HP |
| 132A1.040.4 | 1756ccm | 86HP |
| 132A1.040.5 | 1756ccm | 86HP |
| 131A1.040 | 1756ccm | 87HP |
| 132AC4.000 | 1756ccm | 128HP |
| 132C2.040 | 1995ccm | 83HP |
| 132C2.031 | 1995ccm | 87HP |
| 132C3.031 | 1995ccm | 102HP/105HP |
| 132V3.031 | 1995ccm | 135HP |
| 125A.000 | 1608ccm | 90HP |
| 125B.000 | 1608ccm | 100HP |
| 131B.000 | 1297ccm | 77HP |
| 131B7.000 | 1301ccm | 77HP |
| 131C1.000 | 1367ccm | 77HP |
| 131B1.000 | 1585ccm | 95HP/98HP |
| 131C3.000 | 1585ccm | 97HP |
| 132A1.040 | 1756ccm | 87HP |
| 132C2.031 | 1995ccm | 80HP |
| 132C2.040 | 1995ccm | 86HP |
| 132C3.031 | 1995ccm | 102HP |
| 132C3.040 | 1995ccm | 80HP/105HP |
| 131B2.000 | 1995ccm | 115HP |
| 131C4.000 | 1995ccm | 115HP |
| 132DB.000 | 1995ccm | 187HP |
| 131AR.000 | 1995ccm | 140HP/215HP |
| 132A.000 | 1592ccm | 98HP |
| 132B.000 | 1592ccm | 98HP |
| 132C.600 | 1585ccm | 90HP |
| 132C.000 | 1585ccm | 98HP |
| 132A1.000 | 1756ccm | 105HP |
| 132B1.000 | 1756ccm | 107HP/111HP |
| 132CB.0A0 | 1585ccm | 98HP |
| 132C2.000 | 1995ccm | 112HP |
| 132D.000 | 1585ccm | 98HP |
| 132D1.000 | 1995ccm | 113HP |
| 132D4.000 | 1995ccm | 122HP |
| 132C3.000 | 1995ccm | 122HP |
| 132D7.000 | 1995ccm | 135HP |
| 132E.000 | 1995ccm | 135HP |
| 828B3.000 | 1297ccm | 82HP |
| 828C3.000 | 1301ccm | 84HP |
| 828D3.000 | 1367ccm | 83HP |
| 828A2.000 | 1438ccm | 90HP |
| 828A.000 | 1592ccm | 100HP |
| 828AC.000 | 1592ccm | 108HP |
| 828B.000 | 1585ccm | 100HP (\>82) |
| 828B.000 | 1585ccm | 108HP (82\>) |
| 828A1.000 | 1756ccm | 110HP |
| 828A1.0405 | 1756ccm | 86HP |
| 828AC1.000 | 1756ccm | 120HP |
| 134AS.600 | 1756ccm | 82HP |
| 134AS.0316 | 1756ccm | 82HP |
| 828B1.000 | 1995ccm | 115HP (-\>78) |
| 828B1.000 | 1995ccm | 119HP (79-\>) |
| 828B1.0405 | 1995ccm | 87HP |
| 134AS.000 | 1995ccm | 120HP |
| 828B4.000 | 1995ccm | 122HP |
| 828B4.0405 | 1995ccm | 108HP/106HP |
| 828B7.000 | 1995ccm | 135HP |
| 834C.000 | 1995ccm | 166HP |
| 838A4.000 | 1995ccm | 205HP (Kappa) |
| ? | 1995ccm | 205HP (037 stradale) |
| ? | 2110ccm | 325HP (competition engine) |

## Motorsport

The Fiat Twin Cam engine has been widely used in motorsport and has been the most successful engine in the history of the World Rally Championship. The World Rally Championship for Manufacturers has been won by Fiat and Lancia, using engines based on the Lampredi Twin Cam engine, for a total of 10 years.

The four valve version made its first appearance in the Group 4 competition version of the Fiat 124 Spider Abarth, where it had 1.8 litres. Group 4 regulations at that time allowed the use of a cylinder head of a "free" design. This engine still used a three-piece cylinder head design with an included valve angle of 46 degrees.

In later years motorsport regulations were changed so that the use of four valve heads was only possible when the homologated cars had four valve heads. Therefore, the homologation series of the Fiat 131 Rally Abarth came with a two-litre version of the four valve engine.

These engines were later used in the mid-engined Lancia 037, where they were supercharged and eventually enlarged to 2.1 litres.

In addition to the titles in the World Rally Championship, the Fiat Twin Cam equipped the Lancia Beta Montecarlo turbo, that won the World Sportscar Championship for two consecutive seasons in 1980-1981.

The Fiat Twin Cam has also been used in hot rods and kit cars, with an aftermarket kit to swap one into the Morris Minor.

| Constructor | Car used in World Championship | Seasons | Manufacturers' titles |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Fiat | Fiat 124 Abarth | 1970–1975 |  |
| Lancia | Lancia Beta coupe | 1974–1975 |  |
| Fiat | Fiat 131 Abarth | 1976–1982 | 3 (1977, 1978, 1980) |
| Lancia | Lancia 037 | 1982–1986 | 1 (1983) |
| Lancia | Lancia Delta HF 4WD and Delta Integrale | 1987–1993 | 6 (1987–1992) |

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

| Fiat Twin Cam engine | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Fiat/Lancia |
| Production | 19662000 |
| Layout | |
| Configuration | Inline-4 |
| Displacement | 1.3–2.0 L (1,297–1,995 cc) |
| Cylinder bore | * 76 mm (2.99 in) * 76.1 mm (3.00 in) * 78 mm (3.07 in) * 80 mm (3.15 in) * 82.6 mm (3.25 in) * 84 mm (3.31 in) |
| Piston stroke | * 71.5 mm (2.81 in) * 79.2 mm (3.12 in) * 80 mm (3.15 in) * 90 mm (3.54 in) |
| Cylinder block material | Cast iron |
| Cylinder head material | Aluminium alloy |
| Valvetrain | DOHC 2 or 4 valves x cyl. |
| Combustion | |
| Supercharger | In VX versions |
| Turbocharger | In some versions |
| Fuel system | Carburetor, Indirect injection, Direct injection |
| Fuel type | Gasoline |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled |
| Chronology | |
| Successor | Fiat Pratola Serra engine |


title: Fairview, Oklahoma

abstract: Fairview is a city in Major County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 2,740 at the time of the 2020 Census. It is the county seat of Major County.

text:
# Fairview, Oklahoma

**Fairview** is a city in Major County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 2,740 at the time of the 2020 Census. It is the county seat of Major County.

## History

The first permanent settlers arrived in the area of the present town at the time of the Cherokee Outlet land opening on September 16, 1893. The town received its name from Adam Bower, an early settler, because of its scenic location along the Cimarron River. The Bower family built a wooden building in which they opened a post office on April 18, 1894. One of Adam's sons, Clifford, served as the first postmaster.

The Kansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway (later part of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad), built a track through Fairview. The first train arrived on August 20, 1903. The railroad soon established machine shops, a roundhouse, and a division office in the town.

The town site was originally within territorial Woods County, but became part of Major County upon its creation at statehood. It was designated as the county seat of Major County, which became permanent after an election December 22, 1908. It beat three competing communities that vied for the title: Cleo Springs, Orienta, and Ringwood. Fairview had 887 residents at statehood, increasing to 2,020 in 1910.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.0 square miles (18 km2), of which 7.0 square miles (18 km2) are land and 0.14% is covered by water.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1910 | 2,020 |  |  |
| 1920 | 1,751 |  | −13.3% |
| 1930 | 1,887 |  | 7.8% |
| 1940 | 1,913 |  | 1.4% |
| 1950 | 2,411 |  | 26.0% |
| 1960 | 2,213 |  | −8.2% |
| 1970 | 2,894 |  | 30.8% |
| 1980 | 3,370 |  | 16.4% |
| 1990 | 2,936 |  | −12.9% |
| 2000 | 2,733 |  | −6.9% |
| 2010 | 2,579 |  | −5.6% |
| 2020 | 2,740 |  | 6.2% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the census of 2000, 2,733 people, 1,131 households, and 762 families were residing in the city. The population density was 390.9 inhabitants per square mile (150.9/km2). The 1,308 housing units averaged 187.1 per square mile (72.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 96.74% White, 0.07% African American, 1.24% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 0.26% from other races, and 1.57% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 1.46% of the population.

Of the 1,131 households, 30.8% had children under 18 living with them, 55.5% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% were not families. About 30.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.4% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.31, and the average family size was 2.86.

In the city, the age distribution was 24.1% under 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 23.9% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 22.5% who were 65 or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,136, and for a family was $37,107. Males had a median income of $31,141 versus $17,279 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,101. About 8.5% of families and 10.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.5% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

Fairview currently has the Fairview Public School system. Fairview has one elementary school that provides prekindergarten through grade five, Cornelson Elementary School; one middle school/junior high that provides grades six through eight, Chamberlin Middle School; and one high school that provides grades 9 through 12, Fairview High School. In addition, Head Start preschool and a pre-K program, and vocational education, are through the Northwest Technology Center. The mascot for Fairview public schools is the Fighting Yellowjacket (Jackets) with school colors of orange and black.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Fairview, Oklahoma | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Motto(s): "A Strong and Proud Community" | |
| Location of Fairview, Oklahoma | |
| Coordinates: 36°16′14″N 98°28′37″W / 36.27056°N 98.47694°W / 36.27056; -98.47694 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Oklahoma |
| County | Major |
| Area | |
| Total | 7.17 sq mi (18.57 km2) |
| Land | 7.13 sq mi (18.48 km2) |
| Water | 0.04 sq mi (0.09 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,296 ft (395 m) |
| Population (2024) | |
| Total | 2,592 |
| Density | 384.08/sq mi (148.28/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 73737 |
| Area code | 580 |
| FIPS code | 40-25100 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2410477 |
| Website | www.fairviewok.org |


title: Shivaji Guruvayoor

abstract: Shivaji Guruvayoor is an Indian actor who works in Malayalam cinema. He started his film career with the film Arabikkatha. He is known for his negative roles and character roles.

text:
# Shivaji Guruvayoor

**Shivaji Guruvayoor** (born 28 May 1961) is an Indian actor who works in Malayalam cinema. He started his film career with the film *Arabikkatha*. He is known for his negative roles and character roles.

## Personal life

He is married to Lilly and has two sons.

## Filmography

Key
|  | Denotes films that have not yet been released |
| --- | --- |

* *All films are in Malayalam language unless otherwise noted*.

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2007 | *Arabikkatha* | Sakhavu Karunan |  |
| 2008 | *Aayudham* |  |  |
| | *Sulthan* |  |  |
| | *Veruthe Oru Bharya* | Chackochan |  |
| | *Chithrasalabhangalude Veedu* |  |  |
| | *Madampi* |  |  |
| | *One Way Ticket* |  |  |
| | *Mulla* | Bhadran |  |
| | *Thirakkatha* |  |  |
| 2009 | *Pramukhan* | Erode Bhadran Thampuran |  |
| | *Samayam* |  |  |
| | *Malayali* | Georgettan |  |
| | *I. G. – Inspector General* | Dineshan, Party Secretary |  |
| | *Swapnamalika* |  |  |
| | *Swantham Lekhakan* | Madhavan |  |
| | *Keralotsavam 2009* |  |  |
| | *Passenger* | Station Master |  |
| | *Bhagavan* | Zachariah Thomas |  |
| | *Bharya Onnu Makkal Moonnu* | Sachidanandan Thampi |  |
| | *Kadha, Samvidhanam Kunchakko* | Sadanandan |  |
| | *Sagar Alias Jacky Reloaded* |  |  |
| | *Samastha Keralam PO* | Dasa |  |
| 2010 | *Valiyangadi* | Anandhu's father |  |
| | *Pulliman* |  |  |
| | *Janakan* | Home Minister Divakaran |  |
| | *Thaskara Lahala* | Home Minister |  |
| | *Aakashayathra* |  |  |
| | *Nanthuni* |  |  |
| | *Penpattanam* |  |  |
| | *The Thriller* | DGP Eapen IPS |  |
| | *Puthumukhangal* | Partham Pillai |  |
| | *Kanmazha Peyyum Mumpe* |  |  |
| | *Advocate Lakshmanan – Ladies Only* |  |  |
| | *Pranchiyettan & the Saint* | Antony Master |  |
| | *Annarakkannanum Thannalayathu* |  |  |
| | *Thanthonni* | Adv. Charlie |  |
| | *Kadaksham* |  |  |
| | *Sadgamaya* |  |  |
| 2011 | *Christian Brothers* | IG Chandradas IPS |  |
| | *Pachuvum Kovalanum* | Production Controller |  |
| | *The Filmstaar* |  |  |
| | *Indian Rupee* |  |  |
| | *Vellaripravinte Changathi* |  |  |
| | *Swargam Nine Kilometer* |  |  |
| | *Rajavum Ammayum* |  |  |
| | *Sevenes* |  |  |
| | *Azhakadal* | Pappichayan |  |
| | *Orma Mathram* |  |  |
| | *Swapna Sanchari* | Bank Manager |  |
| | *Shankaranum Mohananum* |  |  |
| | *Mohabbath* |  |  |
| 2012 | *Veendum Kannur* | Madayi Surendran |  |
| | *Diamond Necklace* | Gopalan Nair |  |
| | *Run Baby Run* | Minister Kunju Moidheen |  |
| | *Josettante Hero* | Rahul Krishnadas |  |
| | *Akasmikam* |  |  |
| | *Jawan of Vellimala* |  |  |
| | *Molly Aunty Rocks!* | Menon |  |
| | *Scene Onnu Nammude Veedu* | Rajan |  |
| | *Mr. Marumakan* |  |  |
| | *Chapters* |  |  |
| | *Spirit* |  |  |
| | *Nidra* | Bhaskara Menon |  |
| | *Spanish Masala* | Cyril, Charlie's father |  |
| | *Pedithondan* |  |  |
| | *Face 2 Face* | DGP Nandakishore Varma IPS |  |
| | *Ennennum Ormakkayi* |  |  |
| | *Crime Story* |  |  |
| | *Thappana* |  |  |
| | *Achante Aanmakkal* | Vishwambaran |  |
| | *Nadabrahmam* |  |  |
| 2013 | *Romans* | Bishop Idachal |  |
| | *Kammath & Kammath* |  |  |
| | *Pullipulikalum Aattinkuttiyum* | Francis |  |
| | *ABCD: American-Born Confused Desi* | Vennala Gopalan |  |
| | *Ladies and Gentleman* | Kunjunni |  |
| | *Nadodimannan* | Hameed |  |
| | *Radio* |  |  |
| | *Lokpal* | Muraleedharan |  |
| | *Mr. Bean* |  |  |
| | *72 Model* | Govindan |  |
| | *Red Wine* | Commissioner George Joseph IPS |  |
| | *Bharya Athra Pora* | Advocate |  |
| | *Immanuel* | Simon |  |
| | *Aattakatha* | Sekharan Nair |  |
| | *Punyalan Agarbattis* | Hassan Marakkar |  |
| 2014 | *God's Own Country* |  |  |
| | *Sapthamashree Thaskaraha* | Xavier |  |
| 2015 | *Kasthoorba* | Khan Saheb |  |
| | *Signal* |  |  |
| | *TP 51* |  |  |
| | *KL 10 Patthu* | Beeran |  |
| | *Kunjiramayanam* |  |  |
| | *Ennu Ninte Moideen* | Kanchana's uncle |  |
| 2016 | *Happy wedding* | Shahina's Father |  |
| | *Zoom* | Hotel MD |  |
| | *Kappiri Thuruthu* |  |  |
| | *Dooram* |  |  |
| 2017 | *Jomonte Suvisheshangal* | Ravunni |  |
| | *Velipadinte Pusthakam* | Fr. George Kaattu Paramban |  |
| | *Adventures of Omanakuttan* | Sreedharan Nair |  |
| | *Seethakali* |  |  |
| | *Chicken Kokkachi* |  |  |
| 2018 | *Puzha* |  |  |
| | *Daivame Kaithozham K. Kumar Akanam* |  |  |
| 2019 | *Lucifer* | Medayil Rajan |  |
| | *My Great Grandfather* | Shivan's Father |  |
| | *Odunnon* |  |  |
| | *Brother's Day* | Faizal Mohammed |  |
| | *Driving License* | Saheer |  |
| 2021 | *Who is Right* |  | Short film |
| | *Ayisha Weds Sameer* |  |  |
| 2022 | *Solamante Theneechakal* | Commissioner of Police |  |
| | *Pathonpatham Noottandu* | Cherthala Naduvazhi |  |
| | *Swapnasundari* | Zachariah Punnoose |  |
| 2023 | *Pappachan Olivilanu* | Fr. Geevarghese |  |
| | *Corona Dhavan* | DSP Antony Thomas |  |
| | *Jaladhara Pumpset Since 1962* | Sub-inspector Rajendran |  |
| | *Imbam* | Adv. Bhaskara Pillai |  |
| 2024 | *Aaro* |  |  |
|

## Television career

| Year | Title | Channel | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | Karunyam | DD Malayalam |  |
| 2011-2012 | Manasaveena | Mazhavil Manorama |  |
| 2012 | Chandralekha | Asianet TV |  |
| 2011-2012 | Avakashikal | Surya TV |  |
| 2016 | Jagratha | Amrita TV |  |
| 2017 | Kayamkulam Kochunniyude Makan | Surya TV |  |
| 2018 | Decemberile Aakasham | Amrita TV |  |
| 2019 | Thamarathumbi | Surya TV |  |
| 2019-2020 | Kathayariyathe | Flowers TV | Won Kerala State Television Award for Best Actor |
| 2020–2022 | Raakkuyil | Mazhavil Manorama |  |
| 2020 | Sri Lokanarkavilamma | Kaumudy TV |  |
| 2021 | Ente Maathavu | Surya TV |  |
| 2021–2022 | Nandanam | Flowers TV |  |
| 2023 | Gouri Shankaram | Asianet |  |
| 2023 | Kudumbavilakku | Asianet |  |
| 2023–present | *Radiogramam 2.0* | Saina Play | Web series |

## InfoBox

| Shivaji Guruvayoor | |
| --- | --- |
| Shivaji Guruvayoor speaks in Jnana Saradhi preview ceremony | |
| Born | (1961-05-28) 28 May 1961<br>Guruvayoor, Thrissur, Kerala, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Alma mater | Sree Krishna College, Guruvayur |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1990 – present |
| Spouse | Lilly |
| Children | 2 |


title: The Manfred Mann Album

abstract: The Manfred Mann Album is the debut American studio album by Manfred Mann, released in September 1964 on Ascot Records. It contains the hit single "Do Wah Diddy Diddy", as well as covers of well-known R&B hits such as "Smokestack Lightning" by Howlin' Wolf, "I'm Your Hoochie Coochie Man" by Muddy Waters, and "Down the Road Apiece" by Will Bradley. Modern reviews of the album are generally positive and consider The Manfred Mann Album an important piece during the heyday of the British Invasion.

text:
# The Manfred Mann Album

***The Manfred Mann Album*** is the debut American studio album by Manfred Mann, released in September 1964 on Ascot Records. It contains the hit single "Do Wah Diddy Diddy", as well as covers of well-known R&B hits such as "Smokestack Lightning" by Howlin' Wolf, "I'm Your Hoochie Coochie Man" by Muddy Waters, and "Down the Road Apiece" by Will Bradley. Modern reviews of the album are generally positive and consider *The Manfred Mann Album* an important piece during the heyday of the British Invasion.

## Background

The twelve tracks on the record include the group's hit single "Do Wah Diddy Diddy", which reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, while the rest reflect on their love of R&B, including cover versions of Howlin' Wolf's "Smokestack Lightning", Muddy Waters' "Got My Mojo Working", and Bo Diddley's "Bring It to Jerome". The album includes the Cannonball Adderley song "Sack O' Woe".

Eleven of the twelve tracks were taken from Manfred Mann's debut British release, *The Five Faces of Manfred Mann*.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

In his retrospective review of the release, Richie Unterberger for AllMusic wrote “Manfred Mann's debut full-length U.S. platter was probably their strongest, and indeed one of the stronger British Invasion albums of the very competitive year of 1964. Besides the smash "Do Wah Diddy Diddy," it contained a number of fine soul and R&B covers. Standouts were the versions of "Untie Me" and Ike & Tina Turner's "It's Gonna Work Out Fine", as well as the strong pounding Paul Jones original, "Without You."

## Track listing

All credits adapted from the original releases.

Side one
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Do Wah Diddy Diddy" | Ellie Greenwich, Jeff Barry | 2:19 |
| 2. | "Don't Ask Me What I Say" | Paul Jones | 3:03 |
| 3. | "Sack O' Woe" | Julian Adderley | 2:10 |
| 4. | "What You Gonna Do?" | Jones, Manfred Mann | 2:38 |
| 5. | "I'm Your Hoochie Coochie Man" | Willie Dixon | 3:22 |
| 6. | "Smokestack Lightning" | Chester Burnett | 3:27 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7. | "Got My Mojo Working" | McKinley Morganfield | 3:07 |
| 8. | "It's Gonna Work Out Fine" | Rose Marie McCoy, Sylvia McKinney; credited to Joe Seneca, J. Lee | 2:33 |
| 9. | "Down the Road Apiece" | Don Raye | 2:18 |
| 10. | "Untie Me" | Joe South | 3:41 |
| 11. | "Bring It to Jerome" | Jerome Greene | 3:31 |
| 12. | "Without You" | Jones | 2:25 |

## Recording sessions

All of the songs were recorded 17 December 1963 – 22 June 1964 at EMI Studios, London, England:

## Personnel

**Manfred Mann**

**Production**

## Release history

| Date | Label | Format | Country | Catalog | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17 September 1964 | Ascot | LP | US | AM 13015 | Original mono release. |
| | | | | ALS 16015 | Original stereo release. |
| 1995 | EMI Records USA | CD | US | E2-37067 | Original CD release: double album stereo reissue with *The Five Faces of Manfred Mann US version* including three mono bonus tracks and one stereo bonus track. |
| 22 January 2014 | Parlophone | SHM-CD | US | WPCR-15451 | Reissue of the Stereo album plus mono bonus tracks including one stereo remix bonus track. |
| 4 November 2014 | Sundazed | LP | US | LP 5451 | Reissue of the original stereo release. |
|

## InfoBox

| The Manfred Mann Album | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Manfred Mann | |
| Released | 17 September 1964 |
| Recorded | 17 December 1963 – 22 June 1964 |
| Studio | EMI Studios, London |
| Genre |  |
| Label | Ascot |
| Producer | John Burgess |
| Manfred Mann American chronology | |
| ***The Manfred Mann Album***
(1964) *The Five Faces of Manfred Mann*
(1965) | |


title: Rodolfo Fernández (footballer)

abstract: Rodolfo Alberto Fernández Durand is a Paraguayan former footballer who played as a forward.

text:
# Rodolfo Fernández (footballer)

**Rodolfo Alberto Fernández Durand** (born March 11, 1979, in Asunción, Paraguay) is a Paraguayan former footballer who played as a forward.

## Teams

## InfoBox

Rodolfo Fernández
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Rodolfo Alberto Fernández Durand | | |
| Date of birth | (1979-03-11) March 11, 1979 | | |
| Place of birth | Asunción, Paraguay | | |
| Height | 1.84 m (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1995–2003 | Cerro Corá |  |  |
| 2000 | Resistencia (loan) |  |  |
|  | Sol de América (loan) |  |  |
| 2003–2004 | FAS |  |  |
| 2003–2004 | FAS B |  |  |
| 2004 | Fernando de la Mora |  | (1) |
| 2005 | Deportes Ovalle | 24 | (11) |
| 2006–2008 | San Luis | 48 | (8) |
| 2008 | Sportivo Trinidense |  |  |
| 2009 | Resistencia |  |  |
| 2009 | Sol de América | 3 | (0) |
| 2010–2011 | San Lorenzo |  |  |
| 2011 | San Marcos | 4 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Thomas W. Murphy (anthropologist)

abstract: Thomas W. Murphy is an American anthropologist and writer. His work has focused on environmental issues and various topics related to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

text:
# Thomas W. Murphy (anthropologist)

**Thomas W. Murphy** (born c. 1967) is an American anthropologist and writer. His work has focused on environmental issues and various topics related to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

## Biography

Murphy is a Latter-day Saint. He earned a Ph.D. in anthropology from the University of Washington in 2003. As of 2013, he teaches in the Department of Anthropology at Edmonds Community College in Washington state. He founded the Learn and Serve Environmental Anthropology Field (LEAF) School in 2006. The LEAF School offers field-based service-learning courses in human ecology and archaeology and specializes in the application of traditional ecological knowledge to sustainability projects. The Washington Association of Conservation Districts selected Murphy as its Conservation Educator of the Year in 2011. The Puget Sound Regional Council selected the Japanese Gulch Fish Passage Project in 2012 for a Vision 2040 Award, highlighting the anthropology and archaeology field training led by Murphy.

His academic publications focus on wildlife corridors, social marketing, environmental education, and Mormon representations of Native Americans. In 1997, he located an isolated LDS faction in Mexico of the Third Convention group, which scholars previously believed to have died out decades earlier. Murphy's research has been published in the *Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion*; *Ethnohistory*; the *Journal of Mormon History*; the *Review of Religious Research*; *Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought*; *Sunstone*; Social Science Research Network, and the 2002 book *American Apocrypha: More Essays on the Book of Mormon,* edited by Brent Lee Metcalfe and Dan Vogel.

### Contact with Colonia Industrial

In 1996, while researching in Mexico for an unrelated ethnobiology project, Murphy visited Ozumba in the hopes of meeting and interviewing relatives of Margarito Bautista, a Mexican Mormon theologian and preacher whose history Murphy had been researching. Bautista was a leader in the Third Convention temporary break-off group before being expelled from the group for his comparatively radical interests in reviving early Church practices such as plural marriage and the communitarian economics of the United Order. Bautista went on to found his own church movement along with a *colonia* in Ozumba, but most scholars in Mormon history believed the community had dwindled away in the 1980s, partly based on claims from Mexican Latter-day Saint Agrícol Lozano Herrera. However, in 1996 Murphy discovered that Bautista's *colonia* and church community still existed, organized as *Colonia Industrial de la Nueva Jerusalén* (Colonia Industrial) and *El Reino de Dios en su Plenitud* (The Kingdom of God in its Fulness).

### "Lamanite Genesis" Essay

Murphy drew attention in the media and from the leadership of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) after the publication of his essay, "Lamanite Genesis, Genealogy, and Genetics" in the 2002 book *American Apocrypha*. This essay discusses the genetic evidence for the geographic origin and lineage of Native American groups. It relies on evidence regarding mitochondrial DNA, which is inherited directly from the mother; the Y chromosome, inherited from the father; and nuclear DNA.

Murphy posited that DNA evidence suggests that Native Americans are descendants of individuals from northeastern Siberia—corroborating conclusions that anthropologists have long held. He notes the 99.6 percent absence of genetic heritage outside of known indigenous Native American haplogroups. (The remaining 0.4 percent is near-universally agreed among anthropologists and biologists studying the issue to represent genetic markers that were introduced after the year 1492.)

In his essay, Murphy writes that DNA and other research contradicts numerous LDS doctrinal claims, such as that Native Americans are descended from Middle Eastern people who immigrated to the Americas circa 600 BC:

> From a scientific perspective, the BoMor's \[Book of Mormon's\] origin is best situated in early 19th century America, not ancient America. There were no Lamanites prior to c. 1828 and dark skin is not a physical trait of God's malediction. Native Americans do not need to accept Christianity or the BoMor to know their own history. The BoMor emerged from Joseph Smith's own struggles with his God. Mormons need to look inward for spiritual validation and cease efforts to remake Native Americans in their own image.

Murphy concluded that "DNA research lends no support to traditional Mormon beliefs about the origins of Native Americans" and he has likened the Book of Mormon to inspirational fiction. Murphy has reaffirmed this point several times since the initial publication of his essay in interviews and in videos produced by Living Hope Ministries, a Utah-based evangelical Christian ministry that produces literature and films that question and criticize Mormonism.

In a review in 2006, the FARMS Institute responded to Murphy's claims.

#### Subsequent Events

Murphy's review of genetic research was expanded upon by molecular biologist Simon Southerton, a former Mormon bishop, with his study *Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans DNA, and the Mormon Church*, Signature Books, 2004, which gives a more complete accounting of the current status of Polynesians and Native Americans in context with national studies, Mormon scholars and concessions by geneticists from BYU. Other researchers such as Scott Woodward are critical of Southerton's work.

In response to the publication of "Lamanite Genesis, Genealogy, and Genetics", Murphy's LDS stake president asked him to either recant his position regarding DNA evidence and the Book of Mormon or resign his membership in the LDS Church. Murphy declined both suggestions, so Latimer scheduled a disciplinary council for December 8, 2002. Such a council might have resulted in Murphy's disfellowshipment or excommunication from the church.

Murphy's situation received widespread media attention and generated protest actions from some Mormon intellectual groups. On December 7, 2002, less than 24 hours before the scheduled meeting time, Latimer indefinitely postponed Murphy's disciplinary council. Finally, on February 23, 2003, Latimer informed Murphy that all disciplinary action was placed on permanent hold. In a note Murphy sent to several supporters for wide public distribution, Murphy expressed hope that other scholars in similar positions might benefit from Latimer's decision:

> We hope that other stake presidents will follow this most recent example of President Latimer and likewise refrain from using the threat of excommunication as tool for disciplining scholars.
>
> -- Thomas Murphy, open letter dated 23 February 2003

## Works

* Murphy, Thomas W., "Brief Summary of Jetty Island History" (May 6, 2008). SSRN 2177737.
* —— "Double Helix: Reading Scripture in a Genomic Age" (September 19, 2003). SSRN 2203585
* —— "Inventing Galileo." *Sunstone,* March, 2004: 58–61. SSRN 2203605
* —— *Imagining Lamanites: Native Americans and the Book of Mormon,* Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington, 2003. SSRN 2177734
* —— "Simply Implausible: DNA and a Mesoamerican Setting for the Book of Mormon." *Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought* 36(4) \[Winter, 2003\]: 109–131. SSRN 2177709
* ——, "Sin, Skin, and Seed: Mistakes of Men in the Book of Mormon (March 24, 2004)." *John Whitmer Historical Association Journal* 25 (2005): 36–51. SSRN 2177700
* —— "Lamanite Genesis, Genealogy, and Genetics." In Vogel, Dan and Brent Metcalfe, eds. *American Apocrypha: Essays on the Book of Mormon* Salt Lake City: Signature, 2002: 47–77. ISBN 1-56085-151-1Online reprint at MormonScriptureStudies.com
* ——, Blaustein, Peter, Richards, Susie, Burt, Chris and Johnson, Amy, "Washington Watershed Education Teacher Training (WWETT) Program: Progress Report, 10/1/10-9/30/11" (November 26, 2012). SSRN 2181105
* ——, Blaustein, Peter, Richards, Susie, Burt, Chris and Johnson, Amy, "Washington Watershed Education Teacher Training (WWETT) Program: Progress Report 10/1/09-9/30/10" (November 26, 2012). SSRN 2181138
* ——, Green, Penny and Quirk, Lisa, "A Rapid Ethnographic Assessment of the Septic Industry in Snohomish County, Washington" (April 29, 2009). SSRN 2177683
* —— and Southerton, Simon. "Genetic Research a 'Galileo Event' for Mormons." *Anthropology News* 44(2) (February 2003): 20 SSRN 2203607

## Further reading


title: Siloxane

abstract: In organosilicon chemistry, a siloxane is an organic compound containing a functional group of two silicon atoms bound to an oxygen atom: Si−O−Si. The parent siloxanes include the oligomeric and polymeric hydrides with the formulae H[OSiH2]nOH and [OSiH2]n. Siloxanes also include branched compounds, the defining feature of which is that each pair of silicon centres is separated by one oxygen atom. The siloxane functional group forms the backbone of silicones [−R2Si−O−SiR2−]n, the premier example of which is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The functional group R3SiO− is called siloxy. Siloxanes are manmade and have many commercial and industrial applications because of the compounds’ hydrophobicity, low thermal conductivity, and high flexibility.

text:
# Siloxane

In organosilicon chemistry, a **siloxane** is an organic compound containing a functional group of two silicon atoms bound to an oxygen atom: Si−O−Si. The parent siloxanes include the oligomeric and polymeric hydrides with the formulae H\[OSiH2\]*n*OH and \[OSiH2\]*n*. Siloxanes also include branched compounds, the defining feature of which is that each pair of silicon centres is separated by one oxygen atom. The siloxane functional group forms the backbone of silicones \[−R2Si−O−SiR2−\]*n*, the premier example of which is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The functional group R3SiO− (where the three Rs may be different) is called **siloxy**. Siloxanes are manmade and have many commercial and industrial applications because of the compounds’ hydrophobicity, low thermal conductivity, and high flexibility.

## Structure

Siloxanes generally adopt structures expected for linked tetrahedral ("*sp*3-like") centers. The Si−O bond length is 1.64 Å (vs SiC distance of 1.92 Å) and the Si-O-Si angle is rather open at 142.5°. By contrast, the C−O distance in a typical dialkyl ether is much shorter at 1.414(2) Å with a more acute C−O−C angle of 111°. It can be appreciated that the siloxanes would have low barriers for rotation about the Si−O bonds as a consequence of low steric hindrance. This geometric consideration is the basis of the useful properties of some siloxane-containing materials, such as their low glass transition temperatures.

## Synthesis of siloxanes

The main route to siloxane functional group is by hydrolysis of silicon chlorides:

2 R3Si−Cl + H2O → R3Si−O−SiR3 \+ 2 HCl

The reaction proceeds via the initial formation of silanols (R3Si−OH):

R3Si−Cl + H2O → R3Si−OH + HCl

The siloxane bond can then form via a silanol + silanol pathway or a silanol + chlorosilane pathway:

2 R3Si−OH → R3Si−O−SiR3 \+ H2O R3Si−OH + R3Si−Cl → R3Si−O−SiR3 \+ HCl

Hydrolysis of a silyldichloride can afford linear or cyclic products. Linear products are terminated with silanol groups:

*n* R2Si(OH)2 → H(R2SiO)*n*OH + (*n* − 1) H2O

Cyclic products have no silanol termini:

*n* R2Si(OH)2 → (R2SiO)*n* \+ *n* H2O

The linear products, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), are of great commercial value. Their production requires the production of dimethylsilicon dichloride.

Starting from trisilanols, cages are possible, such as the species with the formula (RSi)*n*O3*n*/2 with cubic (*n* = 8) and hexagonal prismatic (*n* = 12) structures. The cubic cages are cubane-type clusters, with silicon centers at the corners of a cube oxygen centres spanning each of the twelve edges.

## Reactions

Oxidation of organosilicon compounds, including siloxanes, gives silicon dioxide. This conversion is illustrated by the combustion of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane:

((CH3)2SiO)3 \+ 12 O2 → 3 SiO2 \+ 6 CO2 \+ 9 H2O

Strong base degrades siloxane group, often affording siloxide salts:

((CH3)3Si)2O + 2 NaOH → 2 (CH3)3SiONa + H2O

This reaction proceeds by production of silanols. Similar reactions are used industrially to convert cyclic siloxanes to linear polymers.

## Uses

Polysiloxanes (silicones), upon combustion in an inert atmosphere, generally undergo pyrolysis to form silicon oxycarbide or silicon carbide (SiC). By exploiting this reaction, polysiloxanes have been used as preceramic polymers in various processes including additive manufacturing. Polyvinyl siloxane (vinyl polysiloxane) is used to make dental impressions and industrial impressions. The use of a poly-siloxane precursor in polymer derived ceramics allows the formation of ceramic bodies with complex shapes, although the significant shrinkage in pyrolysis needs to be taken into account.

Trisiloxanes may be used as diffusion pump fluid.

## Cyclomethicones

Cyclomethicones are a group of methyl siloxanes, a class of liquid silicones (cyclic polydimethylsiloxane polymers) that possess the characteristics of low viscosity and high volatility as well as being skin emollients and in certain circumstances useful cleaning solvents. Unlike dimethicones, which are *linear* siloxanes that do not evaporate, cyclomethicones are *cyclic*: both groups consist of a backbone of \[(CH3)2SiO\]n. They are used in many cosmetic products including deodorants and antiperspirants which need to coat the skin but not remain tacky afterward. Dow is a major producer of cyclomethicones.

Cyclomethicones, like all siloxanes, degrade by hydrolysis, producing silanols. These silanols are produced at such low levels that they do not interfere with hydrolytic enzymes. Even though some cyclomethicones structurally resemble crown ethers, they bind metal ions only weakly.

## Nomenclature

The word *siloxane* is derived from the words **sil**icon, **ox**ygen, and alk**ane**. In some cases, siloxane materials are composed of several different types of siloxane groups; these are labeled according to the number of Si−O bonds:

M-units: (CH3)3SiO0.5, D-units: (CH3)2SiO, T-units: (CH3)SiO1.5.

| Cyclic siloxanes (cyclomethicones) | CAS | Linear siloxanes | CAS |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | L2, MM: hexamethyldisiloxane | 107-46-0 |
| D3: hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane | 541-05-9 | L3, MDM: octamethyltrisiloxane | 107-51-7 |
| D4: octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane | 556-67-2 | L4, MD2M: decamethyltetrasiloxane | 141-62-8 |
| D5: decamethylcyclopentasiloxane | 541-02-6 | L5, MD3M: dodecamethylpentasiloxane | 141-63-9 |
| D6: dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane | 540-97-6 | L6, MD4M: tetradecamethylhexasiloxane | 107-52-8 |

## Safety and environmental considerations

Because silicones are heavily used in biomedical and cosmetic applications, their toxicology has been intensively examined. "The inertness of silicones toward warmblooded animals has been demonstrated in a number of tests." With an LD50 in rats of \>50 g/kg, they are virtually nontoxic. Questions remain however about chronic toxicity or the consequences of bioaccumulation since siloxanes can be long-lived.

Findings about bioaccumulation have been largely based on laboratory studies. Field studies of bioaccumulation have not reached consensus. "Even if the concentrations of siloxanes we have found in fish are high compared to concentrations of classical contaminants like PCBs, several other studies in the Oslo Fjord in Norway, Lake Pepin in the US, and Lake Erie in Canada have shown concentrations of siloxanes decrease at higher range in the food chain. This finding raises questions about which factors influence the bioaccumulation potential of siloxanes."

Cyclomethicones are ubiquitous because they are widely used in biomedical and cosmetic applications. They can be found at high levels in American cities. They can be toxic to aquatic animals in concentrations often found in the environment. The cyclomethicones D4 and D5 are bioaccumulative in some aquatic organisms, according to one report.

In the European Union, D4, D5 and D6 have been deemed hazardous as per the REACH regulation. They were characterized as substances of very high concern (SVHC) due to their PBT (persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic) and vPvB (very persistent and very bioaccumulative) properties. Canada regulates D4 under a pollution prevention plan. A scientific review in Canada in 2011 concluded that "Siloxane D5 does not pose a danger to the environment."

## Literature

* Christoph Rücker, Klaus Kümmerer: *Environmental Chemistry of Organosiloxanes.* In: *Chemical Reviews.* 115(1), 2015, p. 466–524, doi:10.1021/cr500319v.


title: Sofi Flink

abstract: Ida Sofi Emilia Flink is a Swedish track and field athlete who competes in the javelin throw. Her personal best throw of 61.96 m is the Swedish women's record.

text:
# Sofi Flink

**Ida Sofi Emilia Flink** (born 8 July 1995) is a Swedish track and field athlete who competes in the javelin throw. Her personal best throw of 61.96  is the Swedish women's record.

## Career

Flink won silver at her first international competition, the 2011 World Youth Championships. In 2012, she won gold at the World Junior Championships. In July 2013, she won gold at the European Junior Championships. The next month she competed at the 2013 World Championships, her first senior international competition. She set a personal best and Swedish record of 61.96 m to advance through the qualification round then finished tenth in the final with a 59.52 m throw.

In July 2014, Flink sought to defend her title at the World Junior Championships. She ultimately finished second, losing her title to Ekaterina Starygina. In August, she competed at the 2014 European Championships, where she made it through the qualification round and finished twelfth in the final.

Flink next competed at the 2016 European Championships. She finished twenty-third in the qualification round and did not advance to the final. She participated in the 2017 European U23 Championships, where she failed to register a valid throw in the qualifiers.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Representing  Sweden | | | | |
| 2011 | World Youth Championships | Lille Métropole, France | 2nd | 52.25 m |
| 2012 | World Junior Championships | Barcelona, Spain | 1st | 61.40 m |
| 2013 | European Junior Championships | Rieti, Italy | 1st | 57.91 m |
| | World Championships | Moscow, Russia | 10th | 59.52 m |
| 2014 | World Junior Championships | Eugene, United States | 2nd | 56.70 m |
| | European Championships | Zürich, Switzerland | 12th | 56.68 m |
| 2016 | European Championships | Amsterdam, Netherlands | 23rd (q) | 54.38 m |
| 2017 | European U23 Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland |  | NM |
| 2018 | European Championships | Berlin, Germany | 10th | 56.91 m |

## InfoBox

Sofi Flink
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Ida Sofi Emilia Flink |
| Nationality | Swedish |
| Born | (1995-07-08) 8 July 1995<br>Hallstahammar, Sweden |
| Height | 1.68 m (5 ft 6 in) |
| Weight | 71 kg (157 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Country | Sweden |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Event | Javelin throw |
| Achievements and titles | |
| Personal bests | **NR** 61.96 m (2013) |
| Medal record      Women's athletics  Representing  Sweden  World Junior Championships  2012 Barcelona Javelin throw  2014 Oregon Javelin throw  European Junior Championships  2013 Rieti Javelin throw  World Youth Championships  2011 Lille Métropole Javelin throw | |


abstract: Cityfight: Modern Combat in the Urban Environment is a board game published by Simulations Publications (SPI) in 1979.

text:
# Cityfight: Modern Combat in the Urban Environment

***Cityfight: Modern Combat in the Urban Environment*** is a board game published by Simulations Publications (SPI) in 1979.

## Description

*Cityfight: Modern Combat in the Urban Environment* is a two-player wargame that depicts urban combat post-World War II. Published before the Fall of the Berlin Wall, the game posits that the Cold War has gone hot, and Russia has invaded West Germany. Combat takes place in villages and suburbs on the outskirts of an unnamed German city.

### Components

The game box includes:

* two identical 17" x 22" hex grid maps (one for each player) scaled at 55 ft (17 m) per hex
* 1400 counters
* 64-page rulebook
* 40-page book of charts and tables
* 8-page Charts & Tables booklet
* 4 six-sided dice
* counter tray

### Gameplay

*Cityfight* uses a "double-blind" system of dual boards so that each player does not know where his opponent's forces are. Players sit back to back, and as their units "search" the map, each player calls out a hex number, and the opponent replies if there is a unit hidden in that hex, similar to the children's game *Battleship*. Several scenarios are provided with specific victory conditions. For example, in one scenario, the Russian player has to successfully escape from a village before numerically superior Allied forces can find and destroy the Russians. Each turn represents 20 seconds in game time.

## Publication history

In 1973, SPI released *Sniper!*, the first commercial tactical board wargaming treatment of man-to-man combat in the Second World War. the first *Cityfight* was designed by Joseph M. Balkoski and Stephen Donaldson, and published by SPI in 1979. Reviewer Paul King noted several problems with *Sniper!*, namely the fact that all the counters were visible on the board for both players, meaning "players would react to this situation so that the combatants went about the board with precognition." In 1979, SPI released *Cityfight*, a game that tried to correct this by giving each player an identical mapboard, where enemy counters would appear only when spotted. The game was designed by Joseph M. Balkoski and Stephen Donaldson, with graphics and artwork by Redmond A. Simonsen.

## Reception

In Issue 27 of *Phoenix*, Paul King thought the large amount of the material in the box "is enough to make all but the strongest heart quail." Nevertheless, King found the game very playable, much improved over the game mechanics of *Sniper!*, and enjoyable to play. He concluded, "*Cityfight* has the makings of a great game."

*The Big Board* reviewed *Cityfight*, and found the rules clearly presented. "Reading through them, it is easy to visualize the game sequence and understand the various mechanics." The reviewer found the occasional bit of humor enjoyable as well, quoting the rule “Irregular units may not execute indirect fire; they may, however, execute the mayor.” Because of the double-blind set-up, the reviewer thought "SPI’s *CityFight* is a tense game. In this game, there was very little contact between the opposing sides, yet their presence was felt at all times. \[...\] Unlike most wargames that give players omniscience over the battlefield, *CityFight* leaves you almost completely in the dark. Turns can be deadly quiet, almost boring, and all of a sudden, a firefight breaks out."

## Awards

At the 1980 Origins Awards, *City Fight* won the Charles S. Roberts Award for *Best 20th Century Game of 1979*.

## Reviews

* *Fire & Movement* #25
* *Moves* #58
* *Campaign* #96
* *Journal of Twentieth Century Wargaming* #13
* *American Wargamer* Vol. 8, #12
* *Wargame News* #34


title: Fajã do Pedregalo

abstract: The Fajã do Pedregalo, is a permanent debris field, built from the collapsing cliffs on the northern coast of the civil parish of Rosais, in the municipality of Velas, island of São Jorge, in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. Located near Fajã de Fernando Afonso it is accessible from a small trail, where transport is difficult. Although it has never been inhabited, the fajã is used to raise livestock and cultivate some crops, including specifically potato. This region is also popular with artesnal/local fishermen.

text:
# Fajã do Pedregalo

The **Fajã do Pedregalo**, is a permanent debris field, built from the collapsing cliffs on the northern coast of the civil parish of Rosais, in the municipality of Velas, island of São Jorge, in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores.

Located near Fajã de Fernando Afonso it is accessible from a small trail, where transport is difficult.

Although it has never been inhabited, the fajã is used to raise livestock and cultivate some crops, including specifically potato. This region is also popular with artesnal/local fishermen.

## InfoBox

| Fajã do Pedregalo | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Rosais, São Jorge, Central, Azores, Portugal |
| Visitors | Accessible by foot, yet restricted during periods of inclement weather |
| Operator | Secretário Regional do Ambiente e do Mar |
| Geographic detail from CAOP (2010) produced by Instituto Geográfico Português (IGP) | |