title: Richard Wallwork

abstract: Richard Wallwork was a New Zealand artist. Born in England, he studied at the Manchester School of Art and then Royal College of Art. He taught at Liverpool City School of Art and in 1910 was recruited to teach at the Canterbury College School of Art in Christchurch in New Zealand. He moved there with his wife Elizabeth Wallwork and established a reputation as a respected teacher and eventually rose to become director of the college. He had a prodigious output of landscapes of Canterbury and historical works of classic and Maori legends as well as taking commissions for portraits. He died in Christchurch at the age of 73.

text:
# Richard Wallwork

**Richard Wallwork** (2 January 1882 – 14 April 1955) was a New Zealand artist. Born in England, he studied at the Manchester School of Art and then Royal College of Art. He taught at Liverpool City School of Art and in 1910 was recruited to teach at the Canterbury College School of Art in Christchurch in New Zealand. He moved there with his wife Elizabeth Wallwork and established a reputation as a respected teacher and eventually rose to become director of the college. He had a prodigious output of landscapes of Canterbury and historical works of classic and Maori legends as well as taking commissions for portraits. He died in Christchurch at the age of 73.

## Early life

Richard Wallwork was born on 2 January 1882 at Stretford in Lancashire into a large family. His father, also named Richard Wallwork, was married to Mary née Smith and worked in leather goods. Stretford was an industrial area on the outskirts of Manchester with little in the way of luxuries. The Wallwork family were cautious with their finances, even more so when Wallwork's father died in 1897. His mother had to take up sewing for income while Wallwork himself was working as well for the benefit of the family.

In 1899, he enrolled for evening classes at Manchester's Municipal School of Art where he would study art until 1906. This include periods travelling in Belgium and France on a scholarship. He was an excellent student, earning first class honours in a number of subjects and several cash awards and scholarships. He then attended the Royal College of Art on a scholarship and became a valued student teacher working with Gerald Moira. He took courses in mural and decorative painting, etching and engraving, art history, and architecture while at the college.

## Teaching

In late 1909 he was recruited to teach at the Liverpool City School of Art and commenced work there early the following year, teaching drawing and painting. On 16 July 1910, he married Elizabeth (née Donaldson), a promising artist in her own right who had also attended the Municipal School of Art and then went on to the Slade School of Fine Art in London. Soon afterwards, Robert Herdman Smith, the head of the Canterbury College School of Art in Christchurch in New Zealand, made contact with a view to offering him a position as an instructor to replace Sydney Thompson. Herdman Smith was familiar with Wallwork's art, having the previous year purchased his mural of Robert the Bruce from the Royal College of Art, as well as his reputation as a good teacher. Wallwork accepted the role and the couple departed for New Zealand in December 1910.

## Life in New Zealand

They soon settled into life in Christchurch and started travelling around the country, painting as they went. His early output was poorly received but within a few years his work was beginning to become sought after. Both the Wallworks joined the Canterbury Society of Arts and Richard would be involved with the organisation for over 40 years, including a period as its president from 1927 to 1928. His output included Canterbury landscapes, depictions of scenes of classic and Maori legends, as well as portraits. After the First World War, he was commissioned to execute portraits of New Zealand Victoria Cross recipients Richard Travis and Samuel Forsyth. He had been exempted from service during the war because of medical reasons.

At the Canterbury College School of Art, Wallwork taught not just painting but also etching and established a reputation as a respected teacher. By 1920, he was head of the drawing and painting department but still had capacity to undertake commissioned work. In 1928 Wallwork was appointed as director of the School of Art following the retirement of his predecessor. Under his guidance the curriculum for a diploma in fine arts was developed and within a few years he was on the professional board. In 1932, when the Robert McDougall Art Gallery was established, he was on its advisory committee. He retired as director of the college at the end of 1945 but carried out teaching in a part-time role for a further three years.

Even into his seventies, he continued to exhibit his work, most often at the Canterbury Society of Arts and the New Zealand Academy of Fine Arts but also elsewhere. He died in Christchurch on 14 April 1955 at the age of 73, survived by Elizabeth and a daughter. Although his output declined in his final years as he became ill with lung cancer, his studio still contained several hundred paintings at the time of his death. His wife organised a posthumous exhibition of over 100 of his works the following year.

## InfoBox

| Richard Wallwork | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1882-01-02)2 January 1882
Stretford, England |
| Died | 14 April 1955(1955-04-14) (aged 73)
Christchurch, New Zealand |
| Education | Manchester School of Art
Royal College of Art |
| Known for | War art
Painting |
| Spouse | Elizabeth Wallwork |


title: Richard White (Wisconsin politician)

abstract: Richard J. White was an Irish American immigrant, farmer, and Democratic politician. He served one term in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing southern Milwaukee County.

text:
# Richard White (Wisconsin politician)

**Richard J. White** (1827  October 8, 1895) was an Irish American immigrant, farmer, and Democratic politician. He served one term in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing southern Milwaukee County.

## Biography

Richard White was born in Ireland in 1827. He emigrated to the United States and came to reside on a farm in Oak Creek, Wisconsin Territory, around 1841. He became involved with the Democratic Party. In 1857, he was an unsuccessful candidate for Wisconsin State Assembly, losing to Republican Orlando Ellsworth. He ran again in 1864, and this time was elected to the 1865 session. In the Assembly, he served on the committee on local legislation. In the 1870s, White moved with his family to Algoma, Wisconsin.

## Family

His son, also named Richard J. White, served as United States Marshal in Milwaukee from 1923 until his death in July 1928.

Another son, William, served as postmaster at Algoma from 1897 until his death in 1927.

## InfoBox

| Richard White | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
from the Milwaukee 9th district | |
| **In office**
January 2, 1865  January 1, 1866 | |
| Preceded by | Anton Frey |
| Succeeded by | John H. Deuster |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1827
Ireland |
| Died | October 8, 1895(1895-10-08) (aged 67–68) |
| Resting place | Calvary Cemetery, Milwaukee, Wisconsin |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Mary |
| Children | * Patrick M. White * (b. 1860; died 1934) * William White * (b. 1864; died 1927) * Richard J. White * (b. 1865; died 1928) * Catherine W. (Gray) * (b. 1868; died 1936) * Nellie & Mamie |
|  | |


title: Beka Records

abstract: Beka Records was a record label based in Germany, active from about 1903 to 1925. Before World War I, Beka also made gramophone records for the United Kingdom market under the Beka-Grand Records label. The company became a subsidiary of the Carl Lindström Company which was sold to the Columbia Graphophone Company in 1926. Artists on the label included Bert Alvey, Jessie Broughton, Albertina Cassani, Lucia Cavalli, Cook & Carpenter, Gerhard Ebeler, Kappelle Willy Krug, Kapelle Merton, Miss Riboet, Phillip Ritte, the Beka London Orchestra, the Dobbri Saxophone Orchestra, the Martina Salon Orchestra, the Meister Orchestra, and the Royal Cowes Minstrels. A history of Beka Records, together with a listing of known records issued by the label, is published by the City of London Phonograph and Gramophone Society (CLPGS) as part of their Reference Series of books.

text:
# Beka Records

**Beka Records** was a record label based in Germany, active from about 1903 to 1925. Before World War I, Beka also made gramophone records for the United Kingdom market under the **Beka-Grand Records** label. The company became a subsidiary of the Carl Lindström Company which was sold to the Columbia Graphophone Company in 1926.

Artists on the label included Bert Alvey, Jessie Broughton, Albertina Cassani, Lucia Cavalli, Cook & Carpenter, Gerhard Ebeler, Kappelle Willy Krug, Kapelle Merton, Miss Riboet, Phillip Ritte, the Beka London Orchestra, the Dobbri Saxophone Orchestra, the Martina Salon Orchestra, the Meister Orchestra, and the Royal Cowes Minstrels.

A history of Beka Records, together with a listing of known records issued by the label, is published by the City of London Phonograph and Gramophone Society (CLPGS) as part of their Reference Series of books.

## InfoBox

Beka Records
| Company type | Incentive |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | record label |
| Founded | 1903<br>Germany |
| Defunct | 1925 |
| Fate | Tax Dormitory |
| Headquarters | Germany |
| Parent | Carl Lindström Company |


title: Beer in the Philippines

abstract: Beer in the Philippines is mainly produced by two large breweries, San Miguel Corporation, which produces San Miguel Pale Pilsen, and Asia Brewery, the country's second-largest brewery. In addition, there are a number of microbreweries across the nation. Beer is the most-consumed alcoholic beverage in the Philippines and amounted to a 70% share of the domestic alcoholic drink market in terms of volume during 2005. Between 2003 and 2004, the Philippines had the world's fastest beer consumption growth rate at 15.6%. With a rise in consumption volume from 1.22 to 1.41 million liters, it was the 22nd largest beer market in the world in 2004. Consumption per capita averages 20 liters per year.

text:
# Beer in the Philippines

**Beer in the Philippines** is mainly produced by two large breweries, San Miguel Corporation, which produces San Miguel Pale Pilsen, and Asia Brewery, the country's second-largest brewery. In addition, there are a number of microbreweries across the nation.

Beer is the most-consumed alcoholic beverage in the Philippines and amounted to a 70% share of the domestic alcoholic drink market in terms of volume during 2005. Between 2003 and 2004, the Philippines had the world's fastest beer consumption growth rate at 15.6%. With a rise in consumption volume from 1.22 to 1.41 million liters, it was the 22nd largest beer market in the world in 2004. Consumption per capita averages 20 liters per year.

## History

Under a royal grant from Spain, Don Enrique María Barretto de Ycaza y Esteban opened *La Fabrica de Cerveza de San Miguel*, Southeast Asia's first brewery, on 29 September 29 1890 at 6 Calzada de Malacañan in Manila, near the Malacañan Palace, at the time the residence of the Philippines' Governor-General. The trade-name San Miguel originates from the brewery of San Miguel, Barcelona, Spain. Barretto named the company after the section of Manila where he lived and worked. Aside from the flagship brew, it also produced several brews that have since almost disappeared, including Double Bock, Cerveza Negra, Foreign Stout, Gold Ribbon, Extra Stout, Imported Pilsner Type, and Super Bock.

Barretto was soon joined by Pedro Pablo Roxas as managing partner, who brought with him a German brewmaster, Ludwig Kiene, as technical director. San Miguel's brew won its first major award at 1895's Philippines Regional Exposition. After operating for six years, the fledgling brewery was outselling imported brands five to one. At the outbreak of World War I, San Miguel was exporting its beer to Hong Kong, Shanghai and Guam. The company was incorporated in 1913.

During the American and the Commonwealth era, other beer producers like the Oriental Brewery and Ice Company were set up only to be acquired by San Miguel in its expansion. As part of engaging business in the prewar era, Japanese entrepreneurs in the mid-1930s founded the Balintawak Beer Brewery in Polo, Bulacan with capital from the Mitsui Bussan trading company and other Japanese investors.

When the Pacific War broke out in the 1940s, the Japanese military seized San Miguel in order to produce beer for its armed forces, and along with the Japanese-owned Balintawak Beer Brewery, used up their supply of raw materials, forcing them to resort to importing materials from Manchuria. After the country's liberation, Don Andres Soriano reclaimed San Miguel Brewery and gave away all of Balintawak Brewery's remaining inventory to American and Filipino troops rather than bottle it under San Miguel's label. In two short weeks of revelry the inventory was consumed. Eventually, Soriano brought the entire Balintawak Beer Brewery and it became known as the Polo Brewery as part of San Miguel's rehabilitation and expansion.

A short-lived beer, Halili Beer was made by F.F. Halili Enterprises, a company established by former Bulacan Governor Fortunato Halili. The company, whose brewery was built along Balintawak in Quezon City, also owned other products and business ventures including Mission Beverages, Goody Rootbeer and Halili Transit. It died off for unknown reasons, but it was speculated that none of the surviving sons of the founder took over the business. It was also speculated that San Miguel Brewery was threatened by Halili Beer, and bought out its stock.

In 1978, the San Miguel Brewery introduced one-liter bottles of San Miguel Beer, called "Grande".

The second brewer, Asia Brewery, Inc., was established by Lucio Tan on 27 January 1982, with inauguration of its brewery in Cabuyao, Laguna and launch of its first brand, Beer Hausen Pale Pilsen. San Miguel responded with Lagerlite, a light beer, Red Horse, an extra-strong beer, and Gold Eagle, a low-cost beer. Asia Brewery responded with Max Beer, an extra strong beer, Manila Beer, a low-cost beer, and Carlsberg (under license), marketed as a premium beer. San Miguel Brewery responded with a low-cost, smaller-sized variant of Red Horse, called "Colt", and San Miguel Beer, called "Miguelito", San Miguel NAB, a non-alcoholic version of San Miguel Beer (now discontinued), and San Miguel Super Dry, marketed against Carlsberg. Asia Brewery responded with Beer Pale Pilsen, now known as Beer Na Beer. Its design resembled the competitor's flagship brew, San Miguel Beer Pale Pilsen, for which San Miguel Brewery sued Asia Brewery.

In 1992, San Miguel introduced a 330 ml bottle of Red Horse, called "Stallion". San Miguel continues to produce new brands like Blue Ice (1993), an ice beer, Texas Beer (1993), a low-cost beer with low alcohol, and San Miguel Premium All-Malt (1995), which relaunched in 2007.

In 1994, San Miguel launched Cali, a brand of shandy that was popular with teenagers. Asia Brewery responded with Q Shandy, which reportedly had a higher alcohol content than Cali; Q Shandy has since been discontinued. San Miguel launched two variants of Cali: Cali Ice, an apple-flavored shandy, and Cali 10, a 10-calorie Cali. It has been marketed as a non-alcoholic sparkling beverage.

In 1996, two new variants of Red Horse were introduced, including "Mucho", a one-litre Red Horse, and a canned version as well.

San Miguel Corp expected to raise up to $616 million (approximately ₱26.8 billion) from selling shares of its flagship domestic beer group in the first half of 2008.

In 2011, San Miguel Corp accounted for 88% of Filipino domestic beer sales.

## Consumption

In general, the Filipino alcoholic drinks market showed dramatic volume growth in 2007, and beer contributed substantially to that growth. Its major beer producer, San Miguel, developed a strong marketing campaign to boost domestic consumer drinking. San Miguel continued to lead as the key manufacturer in 2007, with smaller and emerging brewers vying for market share. Domestic beer remained one of the most popular alcoholic drinks in 2007 and sari-sari stores and independent food stores continued to be its main points of distribution. There are also "beerhouse" bar and restaurant establishments where beer is on offer. Filipino alcoholic drink consumption and sales were projected to expand positively in 2008. With increasing disposable incomes, a young demographic population was anticipated to drink beer. In terms of types of alcoholic drinks, beer and spirits continue to comprise the largest volumes.

## Companies

### San Miguel Corporation

San Miguel Corporation is Southeast Asia's oldest and largest brewer.

### Asia Brewery

Asia Brewery is the second largest brewer in the Philippines after San Miguel Corporation.


title: Beer in Venezuela

abstract:
Beer is a popular beverage in Venezuela. The country produces a variety of beers and beer-related products, and though not very varied, they are very popular in Venezuela.
According to The Wall Street Journal, Polar beer was shut down in April 2016 as the Venezuelan government restriction shortened the supply of malted barley necessary to produce beer.

text:
# Beer in Venezuela

Beer is a popular beverage in Venezuela. The country produces a variety of beers and beer-related products, and though not very varied, they are very popular in Venezuela. According to *The Wall Street Journal*, Polar beer was shut down in April 2016 as the Venezuelan government restriction shortened the supply of malted barley necessary to produce beer.

## History

Beer production in Venezuela started in 1843 with Cerveza Tovar. Many years later in 1925 Cerveza Zulia opens its first industrial plant and quickly became the most popular beer. Before that date, beers were imported from Brazil (particularly *Brahma*) and Europe (*Heineken* and others).

In 1941, Cervecería Polar, C.A. introduced the *Cerveza Polar*, a Pilsener type beer. The company went on to introduce several other brands of beer of various strengths, as well as a non-alcoholic malt beverage called *Maltin Polar*, marketed at children and with a flavour similar to root beer. More recent years have seen the introduction of light beers such as *Polar Light* and *Solera Light*, and a low-alcohol beer called *Polar Zero* (0.1% ABV).

## Economy

There is not a very high competition in the beer industry because most beers present in Venezuela are already too popular with the public and most of the competition is between Polar and Regional beers, with people preferring one brand even limiting themselves to drink beer from the other as some kind for honor, though Polar beers are more popular than Regional beers and with the Zulia beer entering the market again with some success. Beer consumption per capita in Venezuela, is the highest in Latin America with 90 liters in 2007; and 95,45 liters in 2009. According to a study conducted in 2016 amongst people aged 15 and older, Venezuelan alcohol consumption is split up in 69% of beer, 29% of spirits and 2% of other alcoholic beverages.


title: Beer in Ukraine

abstract: In 2011 Ukrainian beer production grew by 3.3% to 31 mln hl. Basing on the data of the trade balance the Ukrainian beer market in 2010 grew by 5.5% to 28.3 mln. hl. In value market grew by 18% to 22.4 bln hrn.. This is a list of breweries, beer brands from Ukraine, and beer events in Ukraine.

text:
# Beer in Ukraine

In 2011 **Ukrainian beer** production grew by 3.3% to 31 mln hl. Basing on the data of the trade balance (production + import - export) the Ukrainian beer market in 2010 grew by 5.5% to 28.3 mln. hl. In value market grew by 18% to 22.4 bln hrn. (or 12% to $2.6 bln).

This is a list of breweries, beer brands from Ukraine, and beer events in Ukraine.

## Major breweries and beer brands

Some of the most renowned Ukrainian beers are Chernihivske, Obolon, and Lvivske.

Leading brewing companies:

Local breweries:

* Berdychiv Brewery
* Kalusky Brewery
* Karpatska Brewery
* Kreminsky Brewery
* Krym Brewery
* Lyspy Brewery
* Luhansk Brewery
* Lutsk Brewery
* Melitopol Brewery
* Mikulinetsky Brovar
* Brovar Brewery
* Pavlivsky Brewery
* Mikulychyn Brewery
* Poltavpyvo
* Riven Brewery
* Rovenky Brewery
* Savativsky Brewery
* Slavutsky Brewery
* Opillya Brewery
* Umnpyvo
* Nova Bavaria
* Khmelpyvo
* Shale Brewery

## Beer during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

At the beginning of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Ukrainian brewery Pravda Beer Theatre paused brewing beer and started making Molotov cocktails. The brewery also shared their recipes and artwork to craft breweries worldwide to start making their beer and asked them to make donations to the company's relief-fund efforts if they chose to use these recipes.

Many beer breweries worldwide are brewing beer where a part of the revenue is donated to Ukraine, as shown on the website brewforukraine.beer. Untappd also started a campaign to support Ukrainian beers.

Also after the invasion in 2022, brewmaster Jeremy Duncan went to the brewing room at the Anheuser-Busch brewery in Newark, which made Chernigivske, a Ukrainian beer, to raise money to donate to humanitarian aid in Ukraine. Kegs were filled for American distribution and cans for Canadian distribution at the brewing facility in Newark, New Jersey.

1. eng.pivnoe-delo.info | Journal "Beer Business"
2. Ukraine. The Beer Market Analysis | Journal "Beer Business" 2-2011
3. "Ukrainian brewer releases recipes for international collaboration". 10 March 2022.
4. "Home". *brewforukraine.beer*. Archived from the original on 2022-05-10. Retrieved 2022-05-06.
5. "Untappd".


title: Did It in a Minute

abstract: "Did It in a Minute" is a song performed by American duo Hall & Oates. Written by Daryl Hall with Sara and Janna Allen, the song was released as the third of four singles from the duo's tenth studio album Private Eyes in March 1982. Daryl Hall performs lead vocals, while John Oates provides backing harmony vocals.

text:
# Did It in a Minute

"**Did It in a Minute**" is a song performed by American duo Hall & Oates. Written by Daryl Hall with Sara and Janna Allen, the song was released as the third of four singles from the duo's tenth studio album *Private Eyes* in March 1982. Daryl Hall performs lead vocals, while John Oates provides backing harmony vocals.

## Background

The song was inspired by the 1977 Eric Carmen hit "She Did It", because of the 'did-its' in the song. Carmen was touring with Hall & Oates at the time "Did It in a Minute" became a hit. "She Did It" itself had been inspired by the 'did-its' in the Beach Boys' tune, "Do It Again".

*Record World* called it a "hook-filled pop piece."

## Chart performance

"Did It in a Minute" peaked at number nine on the United States *Billboard* Hot 100, becoming one of three top ten singles from *Private Eyes*.

* In an episode of SCTV Network that aired on 5 June 1982, this song was performed by the duo (with their band).

## InfoBox

| "Did It in a Minute" | |
| --- | --- |
| Side-A label of the US 7-inch vinyl single | |
| Single by Hall & Oates | |
| from the album  *Private Eyes* | |
| B-side | "Head Above Water" |
| Released | March 1982 |
| Recorded | 1981 |
| Studio | Electric Lady, New York City |
| Genre | New wave |
| Length | 3:37 |
| Label | RCA Records |
| Songwriter(s) | Daryl Hall, Sara Allen and Janna Allen |
| Producer(s) | Daryl Hall, John Oates |
| Hall & Oates singles chronology | |
| "I Can't Go For That (No Can Do)"
(1981) "**Did It in a Minute**"
(1982) "Your Imagination"
(1982) | |
|  | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
| Picture sleeve of German single | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Did It in a Minute" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: RNR4

abstract: RNR4 is a human ribosomal DNA gene located on Chromosome 21. Tandem copies of this gene form one of five nucleolus organizer regions in the human genome, they are located on the chromosomes 13 (RNR1), 14 (RNR2), 15 (RNR3), 21 (RNR4), 22 (RNR5).

text:
# RNR4

**RNR4** (**RNA, ribosomal 45S cluster 4**) is a human ribosomal DNA gene located on Chromosome 21. Tandem copies of this gene form one of five nucleolus organizer regions in the human genome, they are located on the chromosomes 13 (RNR1), 14 (RNR2), 15 (RNR3), 21 (RNR4), 22 (RNR5).

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| RNR4 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | RNR4, RNA, ribosomal 45S cluster 4 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 180453; GeneCards: RNR4; OMA:RNR4 - orthologs | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     n/a   n/a   RefSeq (protein)     n/a   n/a   Location (UCSC) n/a n/a  PubMed search  n/a | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human | | | |


title: Remembrance days in Slovakia

abstract: Remembrance Days in Slovakia are working days. For Public holidays in Slovakia see National holidays in Slovakia.

text:
# Remembrance days in Slovakia

**Remembrance Days in Slovakia** are working days.

For Public holidays in Slovakia see National holidays in Slovakia.

| Date | English Name | Local Name | Remarks |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 25 March (1988) | Struggle for Human Rights Day | Deň zápasu za ľudské práva | Commemorates Candle demonstration in Bratislava |
| 13 April (1950) | Unfairly Prosecuted Persons Day | Deň nespravodlivo stíhaných | male monasteries were dissolved and friars were interned in Communist Czechoslovakia |
| 4 May (1919) | Anniversary of the Decease of Milan Rastislav Štefánik | Výročie úmrtia M. R. Štefánika | the Slovak co-founder of Czechoslovakia died in an aeroplane accident under unexplained circumstances |
| 7 June (1861) | Anniversary of the Memorandum of the Slovak Nation | Výročie Memoranda národa slovenského |  |
| 5 July (n/a\*) | Foreign Slovaks Day | Deň zahraničných Slovákov | at the same time the St. Cyril and Methodius Day; * Probably marks the assassination of Matúš Černák, a former minister of the WWII Slovak Republic and then leader of the Slovak exile, in Munich in 1955 |
| 17 July (1992) | Independence Day | Výročie deklarácie o zvrchovanosti SR | Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence of the Slovak Republic |
| 4 August (1863) | Matica Slovenská Day | Deň Matice Slovenskej | Matica Slovenská is a main Slovak cultural institution founded in 1863 |
| 9 September (1941) | Day of the Victims of Holocaust and of racial violence | Deň obetí holokaustu a rasového násilia | the WWII-Slovak Republic issued the Jews Code, see under Jozef Tiso |
| 19 September (1848) | Day of the First Public Appearance of the Slovak National Council | Deň 1. verejného vystúpenia SNR | the Sl. National Council  a kind of predecessor of the present-day Slovak parliament  was created on September 15, 1848 and on 19 September initiated the Slovak Volunteer Campaigns of 1848/1849 (see under Ľudovít Štúr) |
| 6 October (1944) | Dukla Pass Victims Day | Deň obetí Dukly | The passage of this pass at the Battle of the Dukla Pass was an important step in the liberation of Czechoslovakia during WWII |
| 27 October (1907) | Černová Tragedy Day | Deň černovskej tragédie | 15 Slovaks killed and 70 injured in a shooting by policemen when protesting for their priest Andrej Hlinka in the village of Černová; this incident has called the world’s attention the attitude to the minorities in the Hungarian part of Austria-Hungary |
| 28 October (1918) | Day of the Establishment of an Independent Czecho-Slovak State | Deň vzniku samostatného česko-slovenského štátu | see under Czechoslovakia |
| 28 October (1815) | Birth of Ľudovít Štúr Day | Deň narodenia Ľ. Štúra | the author of the present-day Slovak language standard |
| 31 October (1517) | Reformation Day | Deň reformácie | Commemorates the day Martin Luther nailed The Ninety-Five Theses on the door of All Saints' Church in Wittenberg, sparking the Protestant Reformation. |
| 30 December (1977) | Day of the Declaration of Slovakia as an Independent Ecclesiastic Province | Deň vyhlásenia Slovenska za samostatnú cirkevnú provinciu | Commemorates the declaration of Slovakia as a separate ecclesiastical province by Pope Paul VI. |
|


title: Remembrance Vol. 1

abstract: Remembrance Vol. 1 is a three-CD album by blues rock guitarist and singer Johnny Winter. It is a compilation of live recordings, many of them previously released, selected from throughout Winter's career. It was released on the Friday Music label on January 13, 2015. The first disc, Best of the Live Bootleg Series, contains songs selected from the Live Bootleg Series albums. These are authorized recordings, released from 2007 to 2014, many of which had been previously released as bootlegs. The second disc, Live Bootleg Special Edition, was previously released in 2014 only as a vinyl LP. The third disc, Live Bootleg Rarities Vol. 1, contains previously unreleased tracks. Remembrance Vol. 1 debuted at #8 on the Billboard chart for Top Blues Albums.

text:
# Remembrance Vol. 1

***Remembrance Vol. 1*** is a three-CD album by blues rock guitarist and singer Johnny Winter. It is a compilation of live recordings, many of them previously released, selected from throughout Winter's career. It was released on the Friday Music label on January 13, 2015.

The first disc, *Best of the Live Bootleg Series*, contains songs selected from the *Live Bootleg Series* albums. These are authorized recordings, released from 2007 to 2014, many of which had been previously released as bootlegs. The second disc, *Live Bootleg Special Edition*, was previously released in 2014 only as a vinyl LP. The third disc, *Live Bootleg Rarities Vol. 1*, contains previously unreleased tracks.

*Remembrance Vol. 1* debuted at #8 on the *Billboard* chart for Top Blues Albums.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Toronto Sun* |  |

In the *Toronto Sun*, Darryl Sterdan said, "Not surprisingly, the three-disc *Remembrance Volume 1* feels slightly cobbled together... But Winter's unfailingly powerful performances, along with a 25-song set list that includes mainstays like "Crossroads", "Jumpin' Jack Flash", "Johnny B. Goode" and "Killing Floor" — not to mention odds 'n' sods from "The Crawl" and "Wipe Out" to "Wildwood Flower" — make this a memorable memorial."

## Track listing

Disc one – *Best of the Live Bootleg Series* 1. Introduction – :14
2. "Sen-Sa-Shun" (Sonny Thompson, Freddie King) – 7:36
3. "Messin' with the Kid" (Mel London) – 4:38
4. "Mean Mistreater" (Muddy Waters) – 8:50
5. "Boot Hill" (traditional) – 5:14
6. "Stranger Blues" (Clarence Lewis, Elmore James, Morris Levy) – 6:31
7. "You Keep Sayin' that You're Leaving" (Johnny Winter) – 7:15
8. "One Step at a Time" (Winter) – 5:41
9. "Crossroads" (Robert Johnson) – 5:42
10. "Rollin' and Tumblin'" (Waters) – 3:37

Disc two – *Live Bootleg Special Edition* 1. "Hideaway" (Sonny Thompson, King) – 9:40
2. "Ain't That Just Like a Woman" (Claude Demetrius, Fleecie Moore) – 4:36
3. "Johnny B. Goode" (Chuck Barry) – 5:28
4. "Serious as a Heart Attack" (Winter) – 6:23
5. "Stranger" (Winter) – 6:33
6. "Jumpin' Jack Flash" (Mick Jagger, Keith Richards) – 5:42

Dics three – *Live Bootleg Rarities Vol. 1* 1. "Mean Town Blues" (Winter) – 7:20
2. "Sound the Bell" (Clarence Garlow, Eddie Shuler, Canut Guillen) – 7:05
3. "Killing Floor" (Chester Burnett) – 4:52
4. "Mississippi Blues" (Willie Brown) – 3:31
5. "Run Rudolph Run" (Johnny Marks, Marvin Brodie) – 3:38
6. "The Crawl" (Shuler, Raymond Victoria) – 2:44
7. "Wildwood Flower" (traditional) – 2:03
8. "Wipe Out" (The Surfaris) – 4:30
9. "Come Back Baby" (Ray Charles) – 4:18

## Personnel

Production * Produced by Johnny Winter
* Executive producers: Paul Nelson, Joe Reagoso
* Mastering: Joe Reagoso
* Album cover photography: Ben Fixler
* Art direction: Paul Nelson
* Layout: Joe Reagoso, John Herdt

## InfoBox

| Remembrance Vol. 1 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Johnny Winter | |
| Released | January 13, 2015 |
| Genre | Blues rock, blues |
| Length | 133:45 |
| Label | Friday Music |
| Producer | Johnny Winter |
| Johnny Winter chronology | |
| *Step Back*
(2014) ***Remembrance Vol. 1***
(2015) *Live from Japan*
(2015) | |


abstract: The Rencontres Économiques d'Aix-en-Provence is an economic forum organized by Le Cercle des économistes since 2001, in the city of Aix-en-Provence, France.

text:
# Rencontres Economiques d'Aix-en-Provence

The **Rencontres Économiques d'Aix-en-Provence** is an economic forum organized by Le Cercle des économistes since 2001, in the city of Aix-en-Provence, France.

## Organization

Free and public, this forum brings together business leaders, academics, international organizations, NGOs, politicians and students for three days of discussion.

Les Rencontres Économiques d’Aix-en-Provence has as its goal to vitalize economic debate at the French, European and international levels. Organized each year around an economic and social theme, these three days of discussion aspire not only to contribute to a better public understanding of economic problems, but also to identify which policy alternatives should best be put into effect. Les Rencontres are also an exercise in intellectual exploration culminating at the end of the conference in a joint public statement by the members of Le Cercle des économistes.

The sessions and debates can be followed on the official website of les Rencontres Économiques d'Aix-en-Provence and then on its YouTube channel. Each year, over a hundred journalists from a dozen countries cover the event.

## Activities

### Participants

Since its creation, many personalities have participated to the Rencontres Économiques d'Aix-en-Provence. Among them:

### Previous editions

* The 22nd edition "Successfully transforming the world" was held from 5 to 7 July 2022
* The 21st edition "Seize the future, together" was held from 2 to 4 July 2021
* The 20th edition "Acting in the face of disruptions in the world - We will get through this!" was held from 3 to 5 July 2020.
* The 19th edition "(???)" was held from 5 to 7 July 2019.
* The 18th edition "The World's Metamorphoses" was held from 6 to 8 July 2018
* The 17th edition "In Search of New Forms of Prosperity" was held from 7 to 9 July 2017
* The 16th edition "In a World of Turmoil, What is a Nation for?" was held from 1 to 3 July 2016.
* The 15th edition "What if Work Were the Key?" was held from 3 to 5 July 2015.
* The 14th edition "Invest and Invent Tomorrow" was held from 4 to 6 July 2014.
* The 13th edition "The Clash of Times : The World Economy, between Emergencies and the Long Term" was held from 5 to 7 July 2013.
* The 12th edition "What if the Sun also Rises in the West... The new Global dynamics" was held from 6 to 8 July 2012.
* The 11th edition "The States of the World" was held from 8 to 10 July 2011.
* The 10th edition "In search of new growth" from 2 to 4 July 2010.
* The 9th edition "Growth, demography, finance:from major economic breakdowns to new balances" was held from 3 to 5 July 2009.
* The 8th edition "Firms: the new frontiers" was held the 4 to 6 July 2008.
* The 7th edition "Which Capitalisms for the XXIth Century ?" was held from 6 to 8 July 2007.
* The 6th edition "A World of scarce resources : “Is World economic growth in jeopardy ?” was held from 7 to 9 July 2006.
* The 5th edition "The United States and Europe" was held from 8 to 10 July 2005.
* The 4th edition "European Companies in the global competition" was held from 9 to 11 July 2004.
* The 3rd edition "Europe, a new world economy" was held from 4 to 6 July 2003.
* The 2nd edition "Europe and the world governance" was held from 5 to 7 July 2002.
* The 1st edition "Is the European construction running out of steam ?" was held from 15 to 16 July 2001.

1. Claire Gatinois et Marie de Vergès "Les Rencontres d'Aix, un "mini-Davos" estival" Le Monde, 4 July 2014, retrieved on 30 October 2014.
2. Liz Alderman Europeans Fear France Could Threaten Recovery, The New York Times, 6 July 2014, retrieved on 30 October 2014

## InfoBox

Rencontres Économiques d'Aix-en-Provence
|
|  |
| Formation | 2001 |
| Founder | Cercle des économistes |
| Type | Economic Forum |
| Location |  |
| Official language | English, French |
| Website | www.lesrencontreseconomiques.fr |


title: Charles Hood

abstract: Charles Hood (1826–1883) was an English officer in the British Army. He led the ladder party in the attack on the Redan in October 1855 and commanded the Buffs on entry into Sebastopol during the Crimean War, and as lieutenant-colonel commanded the 58th Foot in Bengal. He became a major-general in 1870 and an honorary lieutenant-general in 1877.

text:
# Charles Hood

**Charles Hood** (1826–1883) was an English officer in the British Army. He led the ladder party in the attack on the Redan in October 1855 and commanded the Buffs on entry into Sebastopol during the Crimean War, and as lieutenant-colonel commanded the 58th Foot in Bengal. He became a major-general in 1870 and an honorary lieutenant-general in 1877.

## Life

Charles Hood, born in 1826, was educated at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and obtained an ensigncy by purchase in the 3rd Buffs, 26 June 1844. In 1846 he acted as secretary to the mission sent to the Argentine Republic to arrange certain differences between the combined powers of Great Britain and France and General Rosas, governor of Buenos Ayres. He became lieutenant in the Buffs in 1846, and captain in 1851.

Hood arrived in the Crimea in May 1855. He was senior officer of his regiment in the trenches before Sebastopol, and led the ladder party in the attack of the Redan on 8 October 1855. In both engagements he was wounded. He was in command of the regiment from 13 September to 27 December 1855, and was at its head when it marched with colours flying into the Karabelnaia suburb after the fall of the city, these being the first British colours carried within Sebastopol. Hood was rewarded with a brevet of major, English and Turkish medals, and fifth class of Medjidie.

After serving as major of the depôt battalion at Templemore, Hood became lieutenant-colonel 58th Foot on 23 November 1860, and for some years commanded that regiment in Bengal. He became a major-general in 1870, and honorary lieutenant-general (retired list) in 1877. He died at his home, 29 Belsize Road, Hampstead, London, on 8 February 1883.

## Honours

## Sources

* Chichester, H. M.; May, Alex (2004). "Hood, Charles (1826–1883), army officer". *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography* (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13672. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

**Attribution:**

## Further reading

* Boase, Frederic (1892). "Hood, Charles". *Modern English Biography*. Vol. 1: *A–H*. Truro: Netherton and Worth. p. 1524.
* Hall, E. F. (1950). *A Short History of the Buffs*. 2nd ed. London: The Medici Society Ltd.
* Knight, C. R. B. (1935). *Historical Records of the Buffs, East Kent Regiment (3rd Foot): 1704–1914*. Vol. 2: *1814–1914*. London: The Medici Society.

## InfoBox

| Charles Hood | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1826 |
| Died | 8 February 1883 (aged 56–57) |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service | British Army |
| Years of service | 1844–1870 |
| Rank | Major-general |
| Battles/wars |  |


title: Ranisawargaon

abstract: Ranisawargaon also Rani Sawargaon, is a major village in Gangakhed taluka of Parbhani district in Indian state of Maharashtra.

text:
# Ranisawargaon

**Ranisawargaon** also **Rani Sawargaon**, is a major village in Gangakhed taluka of Parbhani district in Indian state of Maharashtra.

## Demography

Ranisawargaon has total 1728 families residing. The village has population of 8,758 of which 4,480 are males while 4,278 are females as per Population Census 2011.

Average Sex Ratio of village is 955 which is higher than Maharashtra state average of 929.

Ranisawargaon village has lower literacy rate compared to Maharashtra. In 2011, literacy rate of village was 74.76% compared to 82.34% of Maharashtra. Male literacy stands at 84.25% while female literacy rate was 65%.

Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 11.7% while Schedule Tribe (ST) were 0.39% of total population in village.

## Transport

Distance of Ranisawargaon village from nearby cities is as following. Rani Sawargaon is well connected by road to Gangakhed, Palam, Nanded and Ahmedpur.

Nearest railway station is Gangakhed and nearest airports are Nanded Airport and Latur Airport.

| City | Distance(km) |
| --- | --- |
| Gangakhed | 21 |
| Palam | 25 |
| Parli | 51 |
| Parbhani | 65 |
| Ahmedpur | 21 |
| Loha | 43 |
| Aurangabad | 212 |
| Mumbai | 479 |
| Nanded | 67 |

## Administration

As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act, Ranisawargaon village is administrated by Sarpanch (Head of Village) who is elected representative of village.

## InfoBox

| Ranisawargaon | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| RanisawargaonLocation in Maharashtra, IndiaRanisawargaonRanisawargaon (India) | |
| Coordinates: 18°57′56″N 76°44′57″E / 18.96546°N 76.749293°E / 18.96546; 76.749293 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Maharashtra |
| District | Parbhani |
| Government | |
| Type | Gram panchayat |
| Elevation | 392 m (1,286 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 8,758 |
| Demonym | Sawargaonkar |
| Languages | |
| Official | Marathi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 431536 |
| Telephone code | 02453 |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-MH |
| Vehicle registration | MH-22 |


title: Shop Girls of Paris

abstract: Shop Girls of Paris or The Ladies' Delight is a 1943 French historical drama film directed by André Cayatte and starring Michel Simon, Albert Préjean and Blanchette Brunoy. It is an adaptation of the 1883 novel Au Bonheur des Dames by Émile Zola. The film was made by the German-backed company Continental Films. It was shot at the Billancourt Studios in Paris with location filming taking place at the Bon Marché department store. The film's sets were created by the art director Andrej Andrejew. The costumes were designed by Rosine Delamare It was the second film adaptation of Zola's Au Bonheur des Dames in a French production, after Au Bonheur des Dames by Julien Duvivier in 1930.

text:
# Shop Girls of Paris

***Shop Girls of Paris*** or ***The Ladies' Delight*** (French: ***Au Bonheur des Dames***) is a 1943 French historical drama film directed by André Cayatte and starring Michel Simon, Albert Préjean and Blanchette Brunoy. It is an adaptation of the 1883 novel *Au Bonheur des Dames* by Émile Zola.

The film was made by the German-backed company Continental Films. It was shot at the Billancourt Studios in Paris with location filming taking place at the Bon Marché department store. The film's sets were created by the art director Andrej Andrejew. The costumes were designed by Rosine Delamare

It was the second film adaptation of Zola's *Au Bonheur des Dames* in a French production, after *Au Bonheur des Dames* by Julien Duvivier in 1930 (Lupu Pick had directed a German adaptation in 1922).

## Plot

M. Baudu, an irascible old man, runs a small fabric shop in 1860s Paris. A large department store, the first of its kind, opens nearby, putting Baudu's business in peril. Things get even more complicated for him when his niece and two nephews, all recently orphaned, leave their small village to go live with him. Denise, his young niece, is hired as a saleswoman at the department store, to Baudu's displeasure. She does well at her job, and begins receiving both professional and romantic interest from the store's owner, the wealthy and charming Octave Mouret.

## Cast

## Crew

## Bibliography

* Lanzoni, Rémi Fournier . *French Cinema: From Its Beginnings to the Present*. A&C Black, 2004.

## InfoBox

| Shop Girls of Paris | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | André Cayatte |
| Screenplay by | André Cayatte
André Legrand
Michel Duran |
| Based on | *Au Bonheur des Dames*
by Émile Zola |
| Produced by | Alfred Greven |
| Starring | Michel Simon
Albert Préjean
Blanchette Brunoy |
| Cinematography | Armand Thirard |
| Edited by | Gérard Bensdorp |
| Music by | Louis Sédrat |
| Production
companies | Continental Films
Panitalia |
| Release date | * 1943 (1943) |
| Running time | 88 minutes |
| Country | France |


title: Cello Concerto (Margola)

abstract:
The Cello Concerto, Op. 91 composed by Franco Margola is one of his most important works. Dedicated to the Spanish cellist Gaspar Cassadó the concerto "came to exist in three different versions from which Margola drew the material for the definitive final version in 1949, having also benefited from the advice of the dedicatee Cassadó". It consists of three movements:
  - Allegro vivo, Adagio, Allegro, Adagio, Allegro
  - Calmo
  - Allegro, Tempo di Siciliana, Allegro

text:
# Cello Concerto (Margola)

The **Cello Concerto, Op. 91** composed by Franco Margola is one of his most important works.

Dedicated to the Spanish cellist Gaspar Cassadó (Barcelona, 1897 - Madrid, 1966) the concerto *"came to exist in three different versions from which Margola drew the material for the definitive final version in 1949, having also benefited from the advice of the dedicatee Cassadó"*.

It consists of three movements:

* Allegro vivo, Adagio, Allegro, Adagio, Allegro
* Calmo
* Allegro, Tempo di Siciliana, Allegro

## Instrumentation

2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets in C, 2 bassoons, 3 horns in F, 3 trumpets in C, piano, timpani, violoncello solo and strings.

## Recordings

1. *Violoncello Concerto Op. 91,* NOMOS Edition, Nms 025, Full Score, Urtext - First Edition, Trieste (Italy) 2011, Foreword, p. xi


title: Short Mountain (West Virginia)

abstract: Short Mountain is a mountain ridge that runs southwest northeast through Hampshire and Hardy counties in West Virginia's Eastern Panhandle, rising to its greatest elevation at Bald Knob near Arkansaw, West Virginia. Short Mountain's name is derived from its original name of Short Arse Mountain.

text:
# Short Mountain (West Virginia)

**Short Mountain** is a mountain ridge that runs southwest northeast through Hampshire and Hardy counties in West Virginia's Eastern Panhandle, rising to its greatest elevation at Bald Knob near Arkansaw, West Virginia. Short Mountain's name is derived from its original name of *Short Arse Mountain*.

## InfoBox

| Short Mountain | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 2,872 ft (875 m) |
| Coordinates | 39°05′50″N 78°44′34″W / 39.097154917°N 78.742809144°W / 39.097154917; -78.742809144 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Hampshire / Hardy counties, West Virginia, U.S. |
| Parent range | Ridge-and-valley Appalachians |
| Topo map | USGS Baker, Needmore, Rio |
| Climbing | |
| Easiest route | Hike |


title: Shirley Collado

abstract: Shirley M. Collado is an American psychology professor and academic administrator. She was the 9th president of Ithaca College. Collado was the second woman to hold the post and the first person of color. She is the first Dominican American to be named president of a four-year college in the United States. Prior to joining Ithaca, Collado was assistant professor of psychology, dean of the college and vice-president for student affairs at Middlebury College, then vice president for institutional planning and community engagement at Lafayette College. After returning to Middlebury College to serve as dean of the college, she became executive vice chancellor and chief operating officer at Rutgers University-Newark. She earned her doctorate at Duke University in the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience.

text:
# Shirley Collado

**Shirley M. Collado** is an American psychology professor and academic administrator. She was the 9th president of Ithaca College. Collado was the second woman to hold the post and the first person of color. She is the first Dominican American to be named president of a four-year college in the United States. Prior to joining Ithaca, Collado was assistant professor of psychology, dean of the college and vice-president for student affairs at Middlebury College, then vice president for institutional planning and community engagement at Lafayette College. After returning to Middlebury College to serve as dean of the college, she became executive vice chancellor and chief operating officer at Rutgers University-Newark. She earned her doctorate at Duke University in the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience.

## Early life and education

Collado grew up in Brooklyn, the child of Dominican immigrants; her father drove a taxi and her mother worked in a factory. Collado became the first in her family to attend college when she enrolled at Vanderbilt University in 1989, participating in a program called the Posse Foundation, which assembles small groups of diverse students to provide a support system to one another when they enroll together at the same college. Collado was one of five students enrolling in Vanderbilt in the first Posse cohort, and graduated with a Bachelor of Science in 1994. She then went on to earn an M.A. and Ph.D. from the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience at Duke University in 1999; her dissertation was titled "The Perceived Racism Scale for Latina/os: a Multidimensional Assessment of the Experience of Racism among Latina/os."

## Career

After completing her doctorate in clinical psychology, Collado worked in community mental health, then returned to the Posse Foundation where she spent six years as executive vice president. She was appointed as Dean of Institutional Diversity at Middlebury College in 2007. In 2008, she was named vice-president for institutional planning and community engagement at Lafayette College. In 2010 she returned to Vermont to become an associate professor of psychology, dean of the college and chief diversity officer at Middlebury College and then, beginning in January 2015, executive vice chancellor and chief operating officer at Rutgers University-Newark, where she led the development of the university's Honors Living-Learning Community. On July 1, 2017, Collado became president of Ithaca College, replacing outgoing Tom Rochon to become the ninth president in the college's then-125-year history and the first person of color to hold the role. She was also given a courtesy appointment in Ithaca College's Department

Collado announced in July 2021 that she would step down as president of Ithaca College to become president and CEO of College Track, a program supporting college completion.

Collado also serves on Board of Trust at Vanderbilt University.

Collado is a member of the boards of ACT, Kids First Chicago, and Excelencia in Education. She is a founding member of President's Alliance on Higher Education and Immigration. In October 2022, Collado was appointed to serve as a Senior Fellow at Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.

## Personal life

Collado is married to poet A. Van Jordan.

In 2001, Collado pleaded no contest to one count of misdemeanor sexual abuse. Collado denied the charges, brought by a former patient, saying that she took a plea agreement because at the time (shortly after the suicide of her first husband), she lacked the resources to contest the charges in court.

## InfoBox

| Shirley Collado | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 9th President of Ithaca College | |
| **In office**
July 1, 2017  August 29, 2021 | |
| Succeeded by | La Jerne Terry Cornish |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Spouse | A. Van Jordan |
| Education | Vanderbilt University (BS)
Duke University (MA, PhD) |
| Occupation | Academic administrator, psychology professor |
|  | |


title: Shirley Chung

abstract: Shirley Chung is a Chinese-American chef known for appearances on Top Chef: New Orleans, Top Chef: Charleston and Food Network's Tournament of Champions.

text:
# Shirley Chung

**Shirley Chung** is a Chinese-American chef known for appearances on *Top Chef: New Orleans*, *Top Chef: Charleston* and Food Network's *Tournament of Champions*.

## Early life and education

Chung was born in Beijing, China, and immigrated to the United States with her family when she was 17 years old. She was introduced to international cuisine as a child by her grandmother Liang Si Yi, who worked as a director for the Red Cross. Chung worked for several years in Silicon Valley, after graduating with a degree in business administration. She eventually left the tech industry to attend culinary school.

## Career

Trained in classic French and Italian cuisine, Chung has since worked and opened restaurants for chefs including José Andrés, Thomas Keller and Guy Savoy. In 2014 she opened Twenty Eight with Stacie Tran, acting as partner chef at the Irvine, California, restaurant.

Chung opened her first restaurant, Ms. Chi Cafe, in Culver City in 2018. She spoke openly about her experiences with anti-Asian racism following the onset of the COVID-19 in order to draw attention to the impact of hate-motivated behavior on Asian Pacific American owned businesses.

In addition to working in restaurants, Chung has appeared on numerous cooking-related television shows. She first appeared as a contestant on Top Chef Season 11, where she finished in third place. She returned to the show during Season 14, competing against winner Brooke Williamson in the finals. The pair previously competed against each other as part of *Top Chef Duels*, where Chung bested Williamson. In 2022, she began participating on Food Network's *Tournament of Champions* hosted by Guy Fieri.

## Personal

On July 26, 2024, Chung reported that she is being treated for stage four tongue cancer.

## Publications

* Chung, Shirley (2018). *Chinese Heritage Cooking From My American Kitchen: Discover Authentic Flavors with Vibrant, Modern Recipes*. Salem, MA: Page Street Publishing (published Oct 23, 2018). ISBN 9781624146770.

## InfoBox

| Shirley Chung | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1976 or 1977 (age 47–48)<br>Beijing, China |
| **Culinary career** | |
| Current restaurant(s) * + Twenty Eight, Irvine, CA (2014-2018)     + Ms. Chi Cafe, Culver City, CA (2018-Present) | |
| Television show(s) | |
|  | |


title: Shirley Cloete

abstract: Shirley Cloete is a Namibian footballer who plays as a midfielder for the Namibia women's national team. She was part of the team at the 2014 African Women's Championship. On club level she played for Okahandja Beauties FC in Namibia.

text:
# Shirley Cloete

**Shirley Cloete** (born 2 August 1986) is a Namibian footballer who plays as a midfielder for the Namibia women's national team. She was part of the team at the 2014 African Women's Championship. On club level she played for Okahandja Beauties FC in Namibia.

1. "Shipanga names Gladiators for Women Championship". *nfa.org.na*. 2 October 2014.
2. "Host Namibia unveil final squad". *cafonline.com*. 3 October 2014.

## InfoBox

Shirley Cloete
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1986-08-02) 2 August 1986 | | |
| Height | 1.57 m (5 ft 2 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Okahandja Beauties FC |  |  |
| International career | | | |
|  | Namibia |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 11 october 2014 (before the 2014 African Women's Championship) | | | |


title: Shout About TV

abstract: Shout About TV is a DVD trivia game by ODVD and Hasbro, as a follow-up to their "Shout About Movies" and "Shout About Music" games. Each disc contains 3 games; two volumes were released.

text:
# Shout About TV

**Shout About TV** is a DVD trivia game by ODVD and Hasbro, as a follow-up to their "Shout About Movies" and "Shout About Music" games. Each disc contains 3 games; two volumes were released.

## Background & release

Kristin Adams, from American Idol, is the game's host. Both volumes of "Shout About TV" were released on 24 August 2005, three weeks after the release of "Shout About Music." Hasbro promoted the game, alongside *Shout About Music*, as among its releases for the 2005 holiday season.

## Critical reception

The game was met with mostly positive reviews from critics. The staff of *Entertainment Weekly* awarded the game a "B" and praised the game's "hysterical fun," but commented that the game is more difficult that "Shout About Movies," and expressed dismay over the fact that each disc contains only three games. Nights and Weekends' Angela Dalecki praised the variety of shows included but, like *Entertainment Weekly*, was disappointed by the fact that each disc includes only three games.

## Credits

## InfoBox

Shout About TV
| Designers | ODVD |
| --- | --- |
| Publishers | Hasbro |
| Players | At least 4 (played in teams) |
| Setup time | none |
| Playing time | 30 to 45 minutes |
| Chance | Low |
| Age range | 13+ |
| Skills | TV show knowledge |
| Each volume of the DVD game includes three prearranged games; unlike Scene It?, "Shout About" games' questions do not change every time the game is played. | |


title: Shout Across the River (1978)

abstract: Shout Across the River is a stage play, written by Stephen Poliakoff, which premiered at the RSC Donmar Warehouse in London in September 1978. It was directed by Bill Alexander. It featured Gwyneth Strong in the lead role of a troubled eighteen-year-old girl. The cast also included Lynn Farleigh, David Threlfall, Nigel Terry and Andrew Paul. The play was produced at the Phoenix Theatre in New York City in January 1980. It was directed by Robert Woodruff with Ellen Barkin in the lead role with Barbara Eda-Young playing opposite. The UK GCSE curriculum has included Shout Across the River as a suggested drama text.

text:
# Shout Across the River (1978)

***Shout Across the River*** is a stage play, written by Stephen Poliakoff, which premiered at the RSC Donmar Warehouse (at that time called The Warehouse) in London in September 1978. It was directed by Bill Alexander. It featured Gwyneth Strong in the lead role of a troubled eighteen-year-old girl. The cast also included Lynn Farleigh, David Threlfall, Nigel Terry and Andrew Paul.

The play was produced at the Phoenix Theatre in New York City in January 1980. It was directed by Robert Woodruff with Ellen Barkin in the lead role with Barbara Eda-Young playing opposite.

The UK GCSE curriculum has included *Shout Across the River* as a suggested drama text.

## Storyline

*Shout Across The River* is centrally concerned with the troubled relationship between Mrs Forsythe and her wayward daughter Christine. Christine has just been suspended from school with the threat that, if she does not report regularly to her social worker, she is danger of being forcibly detained. However, Christine’s behaviour is uninhibited and so she fails completely to reform or report. The tension builds as Christine works to dominate her mother.

Set on the edge of London, this play is about a family clinging to each other for survival whilst the “shadow of unemployment and recession” hangs very strongly in the air. Christine captures the tone of how she perceives the world in exclaiming, "This is the worst time to be alive, *everybody* knows that!"


title: Shivaji Bridge railway station

abstract: Shivaji Bridge railway station is a small railway station in Connaught Place which is a residential and commercial neighborhood of the New Delhi district of Delhi. Its code is CSB. The station is part of Delhi Suburban Railway. The station consist of four platforms.

text:
# Shivaji Bridge railway station

**Shivaji Bridge railway station** is a small railway station in Connaught Place which is a residential and commercial neighborhood of the New Delhi district of Delhi. Its code is **CSB**. The station is part of Delhi Suburban Railway. The station consist of four platforms.

## Trains

* Agra Cantt. - Old Delhi Passenger (UnReserved)
* Sirsa Express
* Hazrat Nizamuddin - Rohtak Passenger (UnReserved)
* Saharanpur Delhi Passenger (UnReserved)
* Rewari Meerut Cantt. Passenger (UnReserved)
* Panipat Ghaziabad MEMU
* Tilak Bridge - Rewari Passenger (UnReserved)
* Rewari - Nizamuddin Passenger (UnReserved)
* Ghaziabad Panipat MEMU
* Kurukshetra Hazrat Nizamuddin MEMU
* Meerut Cantt. - Rewari Passenger (UnReserved)
* New Delhi - Bareilly Intercity Express
* Bulandshahr - Tilak Bridge Passenger (UnReserved)

Delhi travel guide from Wikivoyage

## InfoBox

| Shivaji Bridge | |
| --- | --- |
| Indian Railway and Delhi Suburban Railway station | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Minto Road, Connaught Place, North West Delhi district<br>India |
| Coordinates | 28°38′01″N 77°13′34″E / 28.6336°N 77.2262°E / 28.6336; 77.2262 |
| Elevation | 215.750 m (708 ft) |
| Owned by | Indian Railways |
| Line(s) | Delhi Ring Railway |
| Platforms | 2 BG |
| Tracks | 4 BG |
| Connections | Taxi Stand, Auto Stand |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Standard (on ground station) |
| Parking | Available |
| Bicycle facilities | Available |
| Accessible |  |
| Other information | |
| Status | Functioning |
| Station code | CSB |
| Zone(s) | Northern Railway |
| Division(s) | Delhi railway division |
| History | |
| Electrified | Yes |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Indian Railways Following station  New Delhitowards ?   Northern Railway zoneDelhi Ring Railway  Tilak Bridgetowards ? | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Shivaji BridgeLocation within IndiaShivaji BridgeShivaji Bridge (Haryana) | |


title: Shyampur Sugar Mills

abstract: Shyampur Sugar Mills a Bangladesh sugar mill. It was established in 1967 by the Pakistani government. At that time East Pakistan had only 5 sugar mills. It is situated at Shyampur under Badarganj Upazila, 16 kilometers west of Rangpur City. Shyampur Sugar Mills falls under the Bangladesh Sugar and Food Industries Corporation. The mill has over 1,400 workers. The livelihood of the people of the region depends largely on this industry.

text:
# Shyampur Sugar Mills

25°41′41″N 89°08′39″E / 25.694766°N 89.144120°E / 25.694766; 89.144120

**Shyampur Sugar Mills** a Bangladesh sugar mill. It was established in 1967 by the Pakistani government. At that time East Pakistan had only 5 sugar mills. It is situated at Shyampur under Badarganj Upazila, 16 kilometers west of Rangpur City. Shyampur Sugar Mills falls under the Bangladesh Sugar and Food Industries Corporation. The mill has over 1,400 workers. The livelihood of the people of the region depends largely on this industry.

## InfoBox

Shyampur Sugar Mills Ltd.
| Native name | Shyampur Sugar Mills |
| --- | --- |
| Company type | Government |
| Founded | 1965 (1965) |
| Headquarters | Shyampur, Badarganj, Rangpur, Bangladesh |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Products | Sugar, Organic fertilizer |
| Owner | Bangladesh Sugar and Food Industries Corporation |


abstract: The Center for Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Chicago is a National Resource Center for the study of a region extending from Morocco in the West to Kazakhstan in the East. As a result, this Area Center covers some of the most important and controversial regions - including North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia. Prior to the Center's formation, scholars originally received funding administered by Title VI of the US Department of Defense's National Defense Education Act. The University of Chicago did not form its center until 1965, well after the administration of funding was moved to the US Department of Education by President John F. Kennedy. This area center consistently ranks in the highest tier of those dealing with Middle Eastern studies in the United States according to US Department of Education and external reviews. In the most recent competition for Department of Education's Title VI funds in 2014, the Center was awarded both NRC and FLAS grants, which support courses, extracurricular programs, educational outreach, and graduate student fellowships.

text:
# Center for Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Chicago

**The Center for Middle Eastern Studies** at the University of Chicago is a National Resource Center for the study of a region extending from Morocco in the West to Kazakhstan in the East. As a result, this Area Center covers some of the most important and controversial regions - including North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia. Prior to the Center's formation, scholars originally received funding administered by Title VI of the US Department of Defense's National Defense Education Act. The University of Chicago did not form its center until 1965, well after the administration of funding was moved to the US Department of Education by President John F. Kennedy. This area center consistently ranks in the highest tier of those dealing with Middle Eastern studies in the United States according to US Department of Education and external reviews. In the most recent competition for Department of Education's Title VI funds in 2014, the Center was awarded both NRC (National Resource Center) and FLAS (Foreign Language and Area Studies) grants, which support courses, extracurricular programs, educational outreach, and graduate student fellowships.

## Center functions

The primary function of the Center is to stimulate and coordinate research and teaching about the Middle East region across the University, regardless of discipline. This is accomplished informally in the social atmosphere of the Fazlur Rahman Common Room and in formal settings, such as the Center's lectures, conferences, symposia, and panel discussions. The Center also serves the general public by providing free educational resources and organizing professional development programs for local educators.

## Masters of arts program

The Center administers a two-year terminal master's degree through either the Division of Humanities or the Division of Social Science, wherein a student may structure his or her own course of study in such areas as contemporary Middle Eastern studies, Middle Eastern history, Islamic studies, Islamic art and archaeology, and Arabic, Persian, Hebrew, or Turkic languages (Anatolian Turkish, Uzbek, Kazakh), and their accompanying literatures. With over fifty first- and second-year students across two academic tracks, the MA program is one of the largest of its kind in the United States.

Additionally, the Center offers a series of joint Masters of Arts programs. These include:

**M.A. in Middle Eastern Studies/Masters in Business Administration** \- in conjunction with the University of Chicago Booth School of Business

**M.A. in Middle Eastern Studies/Masters in Public Policy** \- offered with the Irving B. Harris School of Public Policy Studies at the University of Chicago

## Current staff

* Director: Alireza Doostdar
* Associate Director: Thomas E.R. Maguire
* Deputy Director - Academic Programs: Paul Walker

## Former directors

41°47′20″N 87°35′54″W / 41.788997°N 87.598278°W / 41.788997; -87.598278

## InfoBox

Center for Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Chicago
| Abbreviation | CMES |
| --- | --- |
| Formation | 1965 |
| Type | National Resource Center |
| Location |  |
| Director | Alireza Doostdar |
| Website | cmes.uchicago.edu |


abstract: Center of Mathematical Sciences, is a renowned mathematical research center based in China. It belongs to the Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, Zhejiang.

text:
# Center of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang University

**Center of Mathematical Sciences** (**CMS**, simplified Chinese: 浙江大学数学科学研究中心; traditional Chinese: 浙江大學數學科學研究中心), is a renowned mathematical research center based in China. It belongs to the Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, Zhejiang.

## Introduction

The center was mainly founded by the Fields Medalist Shing-Tung Yau in August 2002. The first directors and advisors were mathematicians Su Buqing and Shiing-Shen Chern, both of whom are Zhejiang natives. The first academic director of the center is Shing-Tung Yau.

In China, Zhejiang University has one of the best traditions of mathematical research, which is known as the *Zhe School* (*of Mathematics*) and the *Chen-Su School* (*of Differential Geometry*; in memorial of mathematicians Su Buqing and Chen Jiangong). For continuing keeping and developing such excellent tradition, the center was founded, and coupled with the Department of Mathematics of Zhejiang University.

Every year, many mathematicians and scientists from all over the world visit or do research at the center.

## Notable people

The institute holds tens of permanent researcher positions or professorships. Many mathematicians from all over the world have worked in or visited the institute:

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |

1. "浙江大学数学研究中心".
2. "浙江大学数学研究中心".
3. 中国为什么还不是数学强国？丘成桐直言教育弊端


title: Shook (magazine)

abstract: Shook was an underground independently produced British music magazine, based in London, which covered various forms of black music and electronic music. The magazine covered the current black music scene in both the UK and around the rest of the world.

text:
# Shook (magazine)

***Shook*** was an underground independently produced British music magazine, based in London, which covered various forms of black music and electronic music.

The magazine covered the current black music scene in both the UK and around the rest of the world.

## Publishing

It was published in the UK and distributed for sale across the whole country, much of Europe, and also metropolitan areas of the US and beyond. It was published quarterly, however the actual number of issues fluctuated year on year, and it didn't have a regular release date, so regular purchasers of the magazine often had to keep an eye out for its release. Covermount CDs or tapes were not included with the magazine, although with a subscription, a free compilation or artist album was often included as a bonus with the first edition the subscriber receives.

## Content and themes

*Shook* magazine did not have a set slogan, but it covered jazz music at the center, with other black musics from around the world—especially soulful electronic music—forming the core of its focus. While some of the magazine contained charts from eminent DJs on the scene or articles on underground music scenes around the world, it also had an eye on contemporary artwork, and underground fashionable trends in and outside various music communities usually not generally well-known about outside of the world's big urban centres (London, Paris, Tokyo, New York, San Francisco, et al.).

The magazine has sometimes been compared with both the US magazine publication *Wax Poetics* which has been around many years and continues both publication (both physical, and later, digital), and also to the now defunct British magazine *Straight No Chaser*.

## Versions

The magazine was mainly published for sale in physical non-glossy paper form, with distribution largely appearing in record shops, larger newsagents, and bookshops like Borders, but they also initially offer the first three editions for free digital distribution as dual-page PDFs – although, this did not continue.

The magazine continued to publish in physical form, with no digital versions of the magazine ever being made available. However, while the magazine did not regularly publish digital versions, it did later offer the last two issues (issues nine and ten) for PDF viewing and free download on the Issuu online publishing platform.

## InfoBox

*Shook*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Categories | Music |
| Frequency | Quarterly |
| First issue | Early 2008 (issue 1) |
| Final issue | Late 2011 (issue 10) |
| Company | Private |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Based in | London |
| Language | English |
| Website | shook.fm |
| ISSN | 1756-5022 |


title: Shook Lin & Bok

abstract: Shook Lin & Bok is a law firm with offices in Singapore and Malaysia.

text:
# Shook Lin & Bok

**Shook Lin & Bok** is a law firm with offices in Singapore and Malaysia.

## History

Shook Lin & Bok began in 1918 as Messrs Yong Shook Lin, a Kuala Lumpur law firm. That year, Yong Shook Lin was admitted as the first Chinese to the Malayan bar after graduating from Cambridge University. In 1938, the firm recruited another partner, Tan Teow Bok, and was renamed Messrs Shook Lin & Bok. Yong's son, Pung How, would later join the firm in 1952 after graduating with a double-first degree in law from his father's alma mater, initially practicing mostly criminal law. Under the Pung How leadership as a senior partner, the firm grew to be one of the largest firms in Malaya.

In 1964, Shook Lin opened an office in Singapore, and by the 1980s, it was considered one of the four local leading law firms of the time. In 2001, it was among the first batch of joint law ventures approved by the Singaporean government to operate a partnership with Allen & Overy. The partnership dissolved in 2009.

### Ransomware attack (2024)

On 9 April 2024, Shook Lin discovered that it had been the victim of a ransomware attack. According to the law firm, it immediately engaged a cybersecurity team and there was no evidence that the firm's core document management systems were affected.

Shook Lin did not respond to media queries about whether it had paid any ransom in connection with the ransomware attack, but according to an independent website, SuspectFile, which initially broke the news, the law firm paid 21.07 bitcoins to the Akira ransomware group which claimed responsibility for the attack. The payment was spread across three transactions and was equivalent to about SGD 1.89 million at the time of payment.

## Alumni

### Judiciary

### Private practice


title: Centerfold

abstract: The centerfold or centrefold of a magazine is the inner pages of the middle sheet, usually containing a portrait, such as a pin-up or a nude. The term can also refer to the model featured in the portrait. In saddle-stitched magazines, the centerfold does not have any blank space cutting through the image. The term was coined by Hugh Hefner, founder of Playboy magazine. The success of the 1953 first issue of Playboy has been attributed in large part to its centerfold: a nude of Marilyn Monroe. The advent of monthly centerfolds gave the pin-up a new respectability and helped to sanitize the notion of "sexiness". Being featured as a centerfold could lead to film roles for models, and still occasionally does today. Early on, Hefner required Playboy centerfolds to be portrayed precisely, telling photographers in a 1956 memo that the "model must be in a natural setting engaged in some activity 'like reading, writing, mixing a drink'...[and]... should have a 'healthy, intelligent, American look—a young lady that looks like she might be a very efficient secretary or an undergrad at Vassar.'" Hefner later said that the ideal centerfold is one in which "a situation is suggested, the presence of someone not in the picture"; the goal was to transform "a straight pinup into an intimate interlude, something personal and special." Some magazines later adopted the practice of having a centerfold with three or even four-folds, using a longer sheet of paper at that spot and folding the extra length into the magazine. Racier adult magazines used this space to showcase more explicit imagery: "In order to represent breasts, genitals, anus, and face all within the tri-fold frame of the centerfold, models were propped up, legs spread, raised, and then jack-knifed against their bodies, arms plunged between them to spread the labia." Though the term has become linked in the public consciousness with erotic material or models, many other magazines such as Life, Time and National Geographic have published fold-out spreads on other subjects.

text:
# Centerfold

The **centerfold** or **centrefold** of a magazine is the inner pages of the middle sheet, usually containing a portrait, such as a pin-up or a nude. The term can also refer to the model featured in the portrait. In saddle-stitched magazines (as opposed to those that are perfect-bound), the centerfold does not have any blank space cutting through the image.

The term was coined by Hugh Hefner, founder of *Playboy* magazine. The success of the 1953 first issue of *Playboy* has been attributed in large part to its centerfold: a nude of Marilyn Monroe. The advent of monthly centerfolds gave the pin-up a new respectability and helped to sanitize the notion of "sexiness". Being featured as a centerfold could lead to film roles for models, and still occasionally does today.

Early on, Hefner required *Playboy* centerfolds to be portrayed precisely, telling photographers in a 1956 memo that the "model must be in a natural setting engaged in some activity 'like reading, writing, mixing a drink'...\[and\]... should have a 'healthy, intelligent, American look—a young lady that looks like she might be a very efficient secretary or an undergrad at Vassar.'" Hefner later said that the ideal centerfold is one in which "a situation is suggested, the presence of someone not in the picture"; the goal was to transform "a straight pinup into an intimate interlude, something personal and special."

Some magazines later adopted the practice of having a centerfold with three or even four-folds, using a longer sheet of paper at that spot and folding the extra length into the magazine. Racier adult magazines used this space to showcase more explicit imagery: "In order to represent breasts, genitals, anus, and face all within the tri-fold frame of the centerfold, models were propped up, legs spread, raised, and then jack-knifed against their bodies, arms plunged between them to spread the labia."

Though the term has become linked in the public consciousness with erotic material or models, many other magazines such as *Life*, *Time* and *National Geographic* have published fold-out spreads on other subjects.

## Titles

Some magazines will refer to their centerfold models with a specific name, which may be connected to the magazine's brand or theme.
When obtained from one of the more prestigious publications in the field, it can become a semi-formal personal title used in news articles and introductions long after the model's centerfold appearance.

| Publication | Centerfold |
| --- | --- |
| *Blueboy* | Man of the Month/Year |
| *Cheri* | Tart of the Month/Supertart |
| *Duke* | Duchess |
| *Gallery* | Girl Next Door |
| *Genesis* | Playgirls (double centerfold, discontinued) |
| *High Society* | Society's Child (abandoned name) |
| *Hustler* | Honey |
| *Knave* | Maid of the Month |
| *Lui* | La Fille du Mois |
| *Mandate* | The Mandate Man (abandoned name) |
| *Mayfair* | Girl of the Month |
| *Men Only* | Men Only Girl/Miss (abandoned name) |
| *Penthouse* | Pet |
| *Playboy* | Playmate |
| *Playgirl* | Man of the Month/Year |
| *Playmen* | La Ragazza del Mese |
|

Some online-only media outlets maintain a monthly designation reminiscent of a print magazine centerfold; for example, the *Twistys* Treat.

## Center spread

As a layout device, a centerfold is closely related to a **center spread**, a pictorial spanning the two center pages of a magazine or other publication, taking advantage of the fact that these are printed on a single sheet of paper.


title: Cephalotes pellans

abstract: Cephalotes pellans is a species of arboreal ant of the genus Cephalotes, characterized by an odd shaped head and the ability to "parachute" by steering their fall if they drop off of the tree they're on. Giving their name also as gliding ants.

text:
# Cephalotes pellans

***Cephalotes pellans*** is a species of arboreal ant of the genus *Cephalotes*, characterized by an odd shaped head and the ability to "parachute" by steering their fall if they drop off of the tree they're on. Giving their name also as gliding ants.

## InfoBox

| *Cephalotes pellans* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Cephalotes pellans* worker | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Formicidae |
| Subfamily: | Myrmicinae |
| Genus: | *Cephalotes* |
| Species: | ***C. pellans*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cephalotes pellans***<br>De Andrade, 1999 | |
|


title: Sideritis

abstract: Sideritis, also known as ironwort, mountain tea, Greek tea and shepherd's tea, is a genus of flowering plants known for their use as herbal medicine, commonly as a herbal tea. They are abundant in Mediterranean regions, the Balkans, the Iberian Peninsula and Macaronesia, but can also be found in Central Europe and temperate Asia.

text:
# Sideritis

***Sideritis***, also known as **ironwort**, **mountain tea**, **Greek tea** and **shepherd's tea**, is a genus of flowering plants known for their use as herbal medicine, commonly as a herbal tea. They are abundant in Mediterranean regions, the Balkans, the Iberian Peninsula and Macaronesia, but can also be found in Central Europe and temperate Asia.

## History and etymology

In Greek, "sideritis" (Gr: σιδηρίτις) can be literally translated as "he who is made of iron". The plant was known to ancient Greeks, specifically Pedanius Dioscorides and Theophrastus. Although Dioscorides describes three species, only one (probably *S. scordioides*) is thought to belong to *Sideritis*. In ancient times "sideritis" was a generic reference for plants capable of healing wounds caused by iron weapons during battles. However, others hold that the name stems from the shape of the sepal, which resembles the tip of a spear.

## Taxonomy

In 2002, molecular phylogenetic research found *Sideritis* and five other genera to be embedded in *Stachys*. Further studies will be needed before *Stachys*, *Sideritis*, and their closest relatives can be revised.

Some schemes recognize and categorize up to 319 distinct species, subspecies, ecotypes, forms or cultivars, including:

Botanists have encountered difficulties in naming and classifying the varieties of *Sideritis* due to their subtle differences. One particularly confusing case is that of *S. angustifolia* Lagasca and *S. tragoriganum* Lagasca.

## Botany

The genus is composed of short (8–50 cm), xerophytic subshrubs or herbs, annual or perennial, that grow at high elevation (usually over 1000 m) with little or no soil, often on the surface of rocks.

It is pubescent, either villous or coated by a fine, woolly layer of microscopic intertwined hairs.

*Sideritis* inflorescence is verticillaster.

## Uses

In Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, and Turkey, *Sideritis scardica*, *Sideritis clandestina*, *Sideritis syriaca*, *Sideritis perfoliata* and various other species from the section *Empedoclia* are used as herbs either for the preparation of herbal teas, or for their aromatic properties in local cuisines. The herbal tea is commonly prepared by decoction, by boiling the stems, leaves and flowers in a pot of water, then often serving with honey and lemon.

Some plants in the genus have a history of use in traditional herbal medicine. Research into the potential effects has taken place in universities in the Netherlands and in the southern Balkans where the plant is indigenous.

Chemical constituents include diterpenoids and flavonoids.

### Cultivation

*Sideritis raeseri* is the most commonly cultivated *Sideritis* in Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, and North Macedonia, where advanced hybrids also exist. Planting is recommended during two periods (October–November or February–March in the Northern hemisphere) and gathering in July, when in full bloom. The plant is typically dried before usage.

**Photos**:

## InfoBox

| *Sideritis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Sideritis syriaca* (ironwort) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Lamiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Lamioideae |
| Genus: | *Sideritis*<br>L. |
|
| Species | |
| See text | |


title: Central Park (shopping complex)

abstract: Central Park is a shopping complex in Fredericksburg, Virginia, with 166 businesses. The complex is located near the intersection of Interstate 95 and State Route 3. Many national big-box stores, restaurants, and smaller local businesses occupy the Central Park complex. The complex has 2,200,000 square feet (200,000 m⁲) of leased retail space. The complex's developer, the Silver Companies, describes Central Park as "The East Coast's Largest Power Retail Center". In the 2004 rankings from the American Studies Department at Eastern Connecticut State University, Central Park was ranked as the largest unenclosed mall on the East Coast, and as the seventh largest mall in the United States.

text:
# Central Park (shopping complex)

**Central Park** is a shopping complex in Fredericksburg, Virginia, with 166 businesses. The complex is located near the intersection of Interstate 95 and State Route 3. Many national big-box stores, restaurants, and smaller local businesses occupy the Central Park complex. The complex has 2,200,000 square feet (200,000 m2) of leased retail space. The complex's developer, the Silver Companies, describes Central Park as "The East Coast's Largest Power Retail Center". In the 2004 rankings from the American Studies Department at Eastern Connecticut State University, Central Park was ranked as the largest unenclosed mall (and the second largest mall) on the East Coast, and as the seventh largest mall in the United States.

## Tenants

The many retail anchors of Central Park include Walmart, Target, Lowe's, Kohl's, Best Buy, Barnes & Noble, Buy Buy Baby, Hobby Lobby, Ashley Furniture Industries, Old Navy, Pottery Barn outlet, DSW, Office Depot, East Coast Appliance Source, and PetSmart. Former anchors include H. H. Gregg, Borders, Shoppers, Toys R Us and Sports Authority.

Central Park also includes a Homewood Suites by Hilton, Hilton Garden Inn, and a Hampton Inn & Suites with one more hotel scheduled to open in the next few years. In 2020 the Fredericksburg Nationals (formerly known as the Potomac Nationals) relocated to a new stadium constructed next to the Fredericksburg Expo & Conference Center. In late January 2006, the Fredericksburg Expo & Conference Center opened, giving the Fredericksburg region its first convention center. Central Park is also home to Central Park Funland, a small family fun park consisting of indoor/outdoor entertainment. Outdoor attractions consist of go karts, batting cages, and mini golf, while the indoor area offers an array of activities, to include laser tag, mini bowling games, a rollercoaster simulator and hundreds of arcade games and small children's rides. Fun Land also hosts children's birthday parties, and group rates for corporate, church or sporting event gatherings, with private event rooms to accommodate. A large megachurch, Lifepoint, is also has its main campus located across from Fun Land.

## History

Central Park was developed by the Silver Companies. (Carl D. Silver Parkway, the primary road through Central Park, is named after the founder and owner of the Silver Companies.) Before the complex was developed, the site was occupied by a Sheraton Hotel and a golf course. The complex was begun in 1995, and is still expanding and growing. Central Park is now a 310-acre (1.3 km2) power center. It serves as the retail shopping and primary dining component of the 2,400-acre (10 km2) mega-development Celebrate Virginia, which uses the slogan "North America's Largest Retail Resort" and spans Stafford County, the Rappahannock River, and the City of Fredericksburg. Across Route 3 from Central Park is the older Spotsylvania Mall, which has undergone extensive renovation to become the Spotsylvania Towne Centre.

In June 2020, Chuck E. Cheese announced that this location will be permanently closed as a part of a plan to close 34 locations nationwide due to bankruptcy. However in July 2021, it reopened.

On January 10, 2023, it was announced that buybuyBABY would be closing as part of a plan to close 62 stores nationwide from its parent company, Bed Bath & Beyond.

## Criticism

Many area residents complain that the developers did not make adequate allowances for the increase in traffic caused by the complex. Residents and travelers in the area are often frustrated by the congestion along the Route 3 corridor near the Interstate 95 interchange.

## InfoBox

Central Park
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Fredericksburg, Virginia, United States |
| Coordinates | 38°18′18.7″N 77°30′33.7″W / 38.305194°N 77.509361°W / 38.305194; -77.509361 |
| Opening date | 1995 |
| Owner | Silver Companies |
| No. of stores and services | 166 |
| No. of anchor tenants | 7+ |
| Website | shopatcentralpark.com |


title: Central Square (Tolyatti)

abstract: Central Square is an area of Tolyatti. It is located in the Central District, directly south-southeast of Central Park, near the core of the cultural and political life of the city. It is often called the City Garden by the populace rather than Central Square. Central Square is bounded by World Peace Street on the north, Central Street on the west, and Leningrad Street on the south. To the east is mixed terrain including parkland; Central Square itself is mixed terrain, including parkland, parking lots, buildings, and monuments. The entirety, which includes large stretches of bare asphalt and random structures, does not necessarily present a pleasing aspect or sense of unified design. Within Central Square itself is the Lada Star hotel, a monument to the founders of the city done in an "old Russian" style, and a statue of Saint Nicholas the Miracle Worker. There is a small chapel, the Chapel of the Nativity of Christ, erected in 2000, designed in the old style with a golden dome and stained-glass windows. There are also restaurants, trees, and walking paths. Festivals and fairs are held in Central Square. The building where the Tolyatti City Duma meets is directly west of Central Square, across Central Street. In Soviet times this building housed the City Committee of the Communist Party.

text:
# Central Square (Tolyatti)

53°30′28″N 49°25′13″E / 53.50778°N 49.42028°E / 53.50778; 49.42028

**Central Square** is an area of Tolyatti. It is located in the Central District, directly south-southeast of Central Park, near the core of the cultural and political life of the city. It is often called the City Garden by the populace rather than Central Square.

Central Square is bounded by World Peace Street on the north, Central Street on the west, and Leningrad Street on the south. To the east is mixed terrain including parkland; Central Square itself is mixed terrain, including parkland, parking lots, buildings, and monuments. The entirety, which includes large stretches of bare asphalt and random structures, does not necessarily present a pleasing aspect or sense of unified design.

Within Central Square itself is the Lada Star hotel (one of the older buildings in the square), a monument to the founders of the city done in an "old Russian" style, and a statue of Saint Nicholas the Miracle Worker. There is a small chapel, the Chapel of the Nativity of Christ, erected in 2000, designed in the old style with a golden dome and stained-glass windows. There are also restaurants, trees, and walking paths. Festivals and fairs are held in Central Square.

The building where the Tolyatti City Duma (City Council) meets is directly west of Central Square, across Central Street. (This is not to be confused with Tolyatti City Hall, the administrative center, which is three-quarters of a mile (1.2. kilometers) northwest, at Liberty Square.) In Soviet times this building housed the City Committee of the Communist Party.

## Palace of Culture

Also within Central Square is the Palace of Culture, Arts, and Creativity (informally called just the Palace of Culture), one of the largest cultural centers in Tolyatti. The neo-classical building was constructed in 1976 in Soviet times; after various interim forms, the institution was converted in 2004 to an open joint-stock company.

The Palace of Culture is one of the city's largest venue for plays and concerts. Musicals, holiday extravaganzas, and other shows are presented there. The Palace also hosts corporate events.

The Palace also hosts vocal, dance and acting workshops for children; other child or family centered activities are a bowling alley, laser tag arena, and the Emerald City, a large indoor children's space featuring a carousel, giant bubble maker, slides and other play structures, and other attractions. Birthday parties are hosted there.


title: Shortheath Common

abstract: Shortheath Common is a 59.5-hectare (147-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Bordon in Hampshire. It is also a Local Nature Reserve and a Special Area of Conservation. The common has areas of bracken, woodland, heath and a pond, but its main ecological interest is a large valley mire. Much of it is covered by Sphagnum mosses, but there are also many vascular plants, such as velvet bent and the insectivorous round-leaved sundew. The invertebrates are also of particular interest, including 23 breeding species of dragonfly.

text:
# Shortheath Common

**Shortheath Common** is a 59.5-hectare (147-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Bordon in Hampshire. It is also a Local Nature Reserve and a Special Area of Conservation.

The common has areas of bracken, woodland, heath and a pond, but its main ecological interest is a large valley mire. Much of it is covered by *Sphagnum* mosses, but there are also many vascular plants, such as velvet bent and the insectivorous round-leaved sundew. The invertebrates are also of particular interest, including 23 breeding species of dragonfly.

51°07′26″N 0°53′38″W / 51.124°N 0.894°W / 51.124; -0.894

## InfoBox

Shortheath Common
| Site of Special Scientific Interest | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Hampshire |
| Grid reference | SU 775 367 |
| Interest | Biological |
| Area | 59.5 hectares (147 acres) |
| Notification | 1985 |
| Location map | *Magic Map* |