title: Roussas

abstract: Roussas is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

text:
# Roussas

**Roussas** is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 157 |  |
| 1975 | 182 | +2.13% |
| 1982 | 246 | +4.40% |
| 1990 | 315 | +3.14% |
| 1999 | 345 | +1.02% |
| 2009 | 338 | −0.20% |
| 2014 | 364 | +1.49% |
| 2020 | 383 | +0.85% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Roussas | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The village of Roussas and its château | |
| Location of Roussas | |
| RoussasRoussas | |
| Coordinates: 44°25′54″N 4°48′09″E / 44.4317°N 4.8025°E / 44.4317; 4.8025 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |
| Department | Drôme |
| Arrondissement | Nyons |
| Canton | Grignan |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Christiane Robert |
| Area**1** | 16.07 km2 (6.20 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 392 |
| Density | 24/km2 (63/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 26284 /26230 |
| Elevation | 83–390 m (272–1,280 ft)
(avg. 182 m or 597 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Boreczek, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

abstract: Boreczek is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Biskupiec, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

text:
# Boreczek, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

**Boreczek** \[bɔˈrɛt͡ʂɛk\] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Biskupiec, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

## InfoBox

| Boreczek | |
| --- | --- |
| Settlement | |
| Boreczek | |
| Coordinates: 53°54′44″N 20°49′5″E / 53.91222°N 20.81806°E / 53.91222; 20.81806 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Olsztyn |
| Gmina | Biskupiec |
| Population | 1 |


abstract: The men's coxless four competition at the 1956 Summer Olympics took place at Lake Wendouree near Ballarat, Australia.

text:
# Rowing at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Men's coxless four

The **men's coxless four** competition at the 1956 Summer Olympics took place at Lake Wendouree near Ballarat, Australia.

## Results

The following rowers took part:

| Rank | Rowers | Country |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Archibald MacKinnon
Lorne Loomer
Walter D'Hondt
Donald Arnold | Canada |
|  | John Welchli
John McKinlay
Art McKinlay
James McIntosh | United States |
|  | René Guissart
Yves Delacour
Gaston Mercier
Guy Guillabert | France |
|  | Giuseppe Moioli
Attilio Cantoni
Giovanni Zucchi
Abbondio Marcelli | Italy |
|  | Leonid Zakharov
Aleksandr Sheff
Nikolay Karasyov
Igor Ivanov | Soviet Union |
|  | Willi Montag
Horst Stobbe
Gunther Kaschlun
Manfred Fitze | United Team of Germany |
|  | Kazimierz Błasiński
Szczepan Grajczyk
Zbigniew Paradowski
Marian Nietupski | Poland |
|  | John Harrison
Peter Evatt
Geoff Williamson
Dave Anderson | Australia |
|  | Kauko Hänninen
Reino Poutanen
Veli Lehtelä
Toimi Pitkänen | Finland |
|  | Csaba Kovács
Rezső Riheczky
Zoltán Kávay
Géza Ütő | Hungary |
|  | Luis Olivera
Orlando Lanza
Enrique Hernández
Joaquín Pérez | Cuba |
|  | Elo Tostenæs
Mogens Sørensen
Børge Hansen
Tage Grøndahl | Denmark |

## InfoBox

| Men's coxless four
at the Games of the XVI Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 23–27 November |
| Competitors | 48 from 12 nations |
| Medalists | |
| Archibald MacKinnon
Lorne Loomer
Walter D'Hondt
Donald Arnold  Canada  John Welchli
John McKinlay
Art McKinlay
James McIntosh  United States  René Guissart
Yves Delacour
Gaston Mercier
Guy Guillabert  France | |
|


abstract: The men's double sculls competition at the 1952 Summer Olympics took place at Meilahti, Finland. The event was held from 20 July until 23 July.

text:
# Rowing at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Men's double sculls

The **men's double sculls** competition at the 1952 Summer Olympics took place at Meilahti, Finland. The event was held from 20 July until 23 July.

## Heats

First two rowers advanced directly to semi-finals. The others must compete in the repechage for remaining spots in the semi-finals.

### Heat 1

| Rank | Athlete Name | Country | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Jacques Maillet
Achille Giovannoni | France (FRA) | 7:00.1 | **SF** |
| 2 | Waldemar Beck
Gerhard Füssmann | Germany (GER) | 7:04.3 | **SF** |
| 3 | Robert George
Jos Van Stichel | Belgium (BEL) | 7:13.2 |  |
| 4 | Ebbe Parsner
Åge Larsen | Denmark (DEN) | 7:27.3 |  |

### Heat 2

| Rank | Athlete Name | Country | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Heorhiy Zhylin
Ihor Yemchuk | Soviet Union (URS) | 7:02.5 | **SF** |
| 2 | Miguel Seijas
Juan Rodríguez | Uruguay (URU) | 7:06.9 | **SF** |
| 3 | Peter Stebler
Émile Knecht | Switzerland (SUI) | 7:09.3 |  |
| 4 | Keijo Koivumäki
Eero Koivumäki | Finland (FIN) | 7:19.5 |  |

### Heat 3

| Rank | Athlete Name | Country | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Silvio Bergamini
Lodovico Sommaruga | Italy (ITA) | 7:01.3 | **SF** |
| 2 | Pat Costello
Walter Hoover | United States (USA) | 7:01.9 | **SF** |
| 3 | John MacMillan
Peter Brandt | Great Britain (GBR) | 7:07.4 |  |
| 4 | Bob Williams
Derek Riley | Canada (CAN) | 7:19.3 |  |

### Heat 4

| Rank | Athlete Name | Country | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Tranquilo Cappozzo
Eduardo Guerrero | Argentina (ARG) | 7:04.4 | **SF** |
| 2 | Antonín Malinkovič
Jiří Vykoukal | Czechoslovakia (TCH) | 7:11.6 | **SF** |
| 3 | John Rogers
Murray Riley | Australia (AUS) | 7:16.7 |  |
| 4 | Tore Johansson
Curt Brunnqvist | Sweden (SWE) | 8:31.3 |  |

## First repechage

The winner in each heat qualified for the semi-finals.

### Heat 1

| Rank | Athlete Name | Country | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Robert George
Jos Van Stichel | Belgium (BEL) | 7:03.2 | **SF** |
| 2 | Peter Stebler
Émile Knecht | Switzerland (SUI) | 7:05.8 |  |
| 3 | Tore Johansson
Curt Brunnqvist | Sweden (SWE) | 7:11.4 |  |
| 4 | Bob Williams
Derek Riley | Canada (CAN) | 7:15.5 |  |

### Heat 2

| Rank | Athlete Name | Country | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | John Rogers
Murray Riley | Australia (AUS) | 7:03.0 | **SF** |
| 2 | John MacMillan
Peter Brandt | Great Britain (GBR) | 7:04.4 |  |
| 3 | Ebbe Parsner
Åge Larsen | Denmark (DEN) | 7:09.3 |  |
| 4 | Keijo Koivumäki
Eero Koivumäki | Finland (FIN) | 7:12.0 |  |

## Semi-finals

The winners in each heat qualified for the final, while the others must compete in the second repechage for the remaining spots in the final.

### Semi-final 1

| Rank | Athlete Name | Country | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Antonín Malinkovič
Jiří Vykoukal | Czechoslovakia (TCH) | 7:23.5 | **F** |
| 2 | Pat Costello
Walter Hoover | United States (USA) | 7:24.3 |  |
| 3 | Heorhiy Zhylin
Ihor Yemchuk | Soviet Union (URS) | 7:26.5 |  |
| 4 | Jacques Maillet
Achille Giovannoni | France (FRA) | 7:29.5 |  |

### Semi-final 2

| Rank | Athlete Name | Country | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Tranquilo Cappozzo
Eduardo Guerrero | Argentina (ARG) | 7:23.1 | **F** |
| 2 | Waldemar Beck
Gerhard Füssmann | Germany (GER) | 7:36.3 |  |
| 3 | Silvio Bergamini
Lodovico Sommaruga | Italy (ITA) | 7:36.7 |  |
| 4 | Miguel Seijas
Juan Rodríguez | Uruguay (URU) | 8:04.0 |  |

## Second repechage

The winners in each heat qualified for the final.

### Heat 1

| Rank | Athlete Name | Country | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Miguel Seijas
Juan Rodríguez | Uruguay (URU) | 7:01.7 | **F** |
| 2 | Pat Costello
Walter Hoover | United States (USA) | 7:03.6 |  |
| 3 | John Rogers
Murray Riley | Australia (AUS) | 7:13.1 |  |

### Heat 2

| Rank | Athlete Name | Country | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Jacques Maillet
Achille Giovannoni | France (FRA) | 7:06.3 | **F** |
| 2 | Waldemar Beck
Gerhard Füssmann | Germany (GER) | 7:08.2 |  |
| 3 | Robert George
Jos Van Stichel | Belgium (BEL) | 7:25.8 |  |

### Heat 3

| Rank | Athlete Name | Country | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Heorhiy Zhylin
Ihor Yemchuk | Soviet Union (URS) | 7:07.5 | **F** |
| 2 | Silvio Bergamini
Lodovico Sommaruga | Italy (ITA) | 7:16.0 |  |

## Final

| Rank | Athlete Name | Country | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Tranquilo Cappozzo
Eduardo Guerrero | Argentina (ARG) | 7:23.1 |  |
|  | Heorhiy Zhylin
Ihor Yemchuk | Soviet Union (URS) | 7:07.5 |  |
|  | Miguel Seijas
Juan Rodríguez | Uruguay (URU) | 7:01.7 |  |
| 4 | Jacques Maillet
Achille Giovannoni | France (FRA) | 7:06.3 |  |
| 5 | Antonín Malinkovič
Jiří Vykoukal | Czechoslovakia (TCH) | 7:23.5 |  |

## InfoBox

| Men's double sculls
at the Games of the XV Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Meilahti |
| Date | 20–23 July |
| Competitors | 32 from 16 nations |
| Medalists | |
| Tranquilo Cappozzo
Eduardo Guerrero  Argentina  Heorhiy Zhylin
Ihor Yemchuk  Soviet Union  Miguel Seijas
Juan Rodríguez  Uruguay | |
|


title: Book I

abstract: Book I is an album by Pastor Troy and The Congregation, released in 2000.

text:
# Book I

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Encyclopedia of Popular Music* |  |

***Book I*** is an album by Pastor Troy and The Congregation, released in 2000.

## Critical reception

AllMusic wrote that "these cuts are full of a tightly compressed, even claustrophobic energy that bespeaks too many years spent on the low-rent side of boom-economy America."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The Intro (Walk Like Y'all Talk It)" | S.M.K. | 4:31 |
| 2. | "Ghetto Raised" | S.M.K. | 4:50 |
| 3. | "The Congregation" | S.M.K. | 4:22 |
| 4. | "Down South Nigga Fa Life" | S.M.K. | 2:50 |
| 5. | "Havin' A Bad Day" | Pastor Troy | 4:53 |
| 6. | "Look What I'm Going Thru" (featuring Kingpin Skinny Pimp) | S.M.K. | 5:04 |
| 7. | "Throw Dem Bows" (featuring Mica B) | S.M.K. | 5:03 |
| 8. | "Get Em Up" (featuring Lil Pete (of D.S.G.B.) | S.M.K. | 5:03 |
| 9. | "Dirty South Affiliates" | S.M.K. | 3:31 |
| 10. | "No Mo Play in G.A." | S.M.K. | 5:00 |

## Personnel

Pastor Troy & The Congregation * Pastor Troy
* S.M.K.
* 11/29

## Additional information

* Additional vocals by Darnell Phillips on track 6.
* Additional bass guitar, guitars and keyboards on all tracks by Kevin Haywood.
* Mastered by Rodney Mills at Master House Studios, Atlanta, GA.
* Recorded at Patchwerks Studios, Atlanta, GA, and Purple Dragon Studios, Atlanta, GA.

## InfoBox

| Book I | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Pastor Troy and The Congregation | |
| Released | 2000 |
| Recorded | 2000 |
| Genre | Southern hip hop, crunk, gangsta rap |
| Label | Hendu Recordings |
| Producer | S.M.K., Pastor Troy |


title: Book Industry Study Group

abstract: The Book Industry Study Group, Inc. (BISG) is a U.S. trade association for policy, technical standards and research related to books and similar products. The mission of BISG is to simplify logistics for publishers, manufacturers, suppliers, wholesalers, retailers, librarians and others engaged in the business of print and electronic media.

text:
# Book Industry Study Group

**The Book Industry Study Group, Inc.** (**BISG**) is a U.S. trade association for policy, technical standards and research related to books and similar products. The mission of BISG is to simplify logistics for publishers, manufacturers, suppliers, wholesalers, retailers, librarians and others engaged in the business of print and electronic media.

## History

The Book Industry Study Group, Inc. (BISG) began at the annual conference of the Book Manufacturers Institute in November 1975. Here, a few publishers and manufacturers met informally with representatives of several trade associations to discuss the urgent need to improve the industry's research capability. Once begun, this small group invited others to join in sponsoring a seminal study of book industry information needs on which a future program could be based. BISG was incorporated as a not-for-profit corporation in February 1976 and its Report on Book Industry Information Needs was completed and published in April 1976. The report confirmed the feasibility of a program of major research studies by and about the industry.

As an organization BISG is concerned with the publishing industry as a whole and its membership consists of companies from all sectors of the industry. Trade and professional associations such as the Association of American Publishers, the American Booksellers Association, the Independent Book Publishers Association and the Evangelical Christian Publishers Association have all been long standing active members of BISG.

Over the years BISG has published many research reports in response to the needs of its members. Among these are studies of paper availability, book distribution, elementary/high school adoptions, printing capacity cycles, book sales through non-traditional book markets, consumer book buying habits and an informational guide to the top 50 relevant corporate and community sponsored education programs. In conjunction with other organizations, BISG has produced reports on African-American book buyers, small and independent book publishers, and the state of used book sales in the U.S.

Through BISAC (Book Industry Standards and Communications), BISG has been involved with technological advances such as bar codes and electronic business communications formats. It developed the BISAC Subject Headings, which are a mainstay in the industry and required for participation in many databases. BISAC Subject Headings are also making inroads into library classification.

Brian O'Leary began his tenure as executive director of BISG on October 3, 2016.

In 2020, the International Green Book Supply Chain Alliance was formed as a partnership between BISG in the U.S., BookNet Canada, and Book Industry Communication (BIS) in the United Kingdom. These three associations for the book publishing supply chain have formed the consortium in order to address the impact of the industry on the environment.

## Committees

A range of committees and working groups provide BISG members with an ongoing platform for the identification, assessment, and resolution of book industry issues, at times through the development of standards and best practices. These committees and working groups are actively managed by BISG members and meet on a monthly basis.

**BISG Committees**: Metadata and Identification Committee, Rights Committee, Subject Codes Committee, Supply Chain Committee, Workflow Committee

**BISAC Working Groups**: Rights Taxonomy Working Group

## Footnotes


title: Borealis Alliance

abstract: Borealis Alliance is an alliance among the north-west European Air Navigation Service Providers. Three Functional airspace blocks are part of the Alliance - IRL/UK, DK/SE & NEFAB - most members already cooperate in Noracon.

text:
# Borealis Alliance

**Borealis Alliance** is an alliance among the north-west European Air Navigation Service Providers. Three Functional airspace blocks are part of the Alliance - IRL/UK, DK/SE & NEFAB - most members already cooperate in Noracon.

## Overview

The ANSP Alliance that enables its Members to drive better performance for stakeholders through business collaboration.

The Alliance agreement defines how these close competitors will work together.

## Funding and Budget

The Alliance shares costs.

## Members

The members of the Borealis Alliance are:


title: Rotterdam City Hall

abstract: Rotterdam City Hall was built between 1914 and 1920 by Henri Evers. It is one of the few buildings in the center of Rotterdam that survived the bombing of May 14, 1940. Since 10 October 2000 it has been recognized as a Rijksmonument.

text:
# Rotterdam City Hall

**Rotterdam City Hall** was built between 1914 and 1920 by Henri Evers. It is one of the few buildings in the center of Rotterdam that survived the bombing of May 14, 1940. Since 10 October 2000 it has been recognized as a Rijksmonument.

## History

Rotterdam's first city hall stood on Hoogstraat and was housed in an old 14th-century urban boarding house. However, By the end of the 19th century, the building could no longer accommodate municipal activities, so in 1905 it was decided to build a new building to house the council chamber on Coolsingel. To make room for the new buildings, an entire neighborhood, Zandstraat, where about 2,400 people lived, was demolished.

Architect Henri Evers drew a first draft in 1911 and presented the final design to the city council, which declared it the winner in 1913. There were several controversies regarding Evers' victory both because there was substantial support for the design drawn by Willem Kromhout and because the mayor at the time, Alfred Rudolph Zimmerman, had close ties to Evers.

Work began in 1914 but the foundation stone was laid on 15 July 1915 in the presence of Queen Wilhelmina, and the inauguration took place after the work was completed with a special session of the city council on 1 September 1920. The construction cost NLG 2,850,000.

Following the 1940 bombing, the building remained virtually intact, but the heat surrounding it damaged the structure's concrete.

## Description

The building was designed in full Beaux-Arts style with Byzantine, Romanesque and art deco influences. It covers an area of 86 by 106 meters (9,116 m2) and is built entirely of concrete covered with porous sandstone and hard stone.

The clock tower stands in the center of the main facade on Coolsingel, at the top of the building's central hall, and is 71 meters high. A gold statue depicting an angel, the work of sculptor Johan Keller, is placed at the top.

## InfoBox

| Rotterdam City Hall | |
| --- | --- |
| City Hall | |
|  | |
| Alternative names | Stadhuis van Rotterdam |
| General information | |
| Type | Seat of local government |
| Architectural style | Renaissance Revival |
| Location | Rotterdam |
| Address | Coolsingel 40 |
| Coordinates | 51°55′22″N 4°28′47″E / 51.92278°N 4.47972°E / 51.92278; 4.47972 |
| Completed | 1920 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Henri Evers |


title: Rotterdam Ahoy

abstract: Rotterdam Ahoy is a multi-purpose complex with a convention centre and an indoor arena located in Rotterdam, Netherlands. Opened originally in 1950, the current complex consists of three main venues: a fairs and events hall, a congress and conference centre, and the main venue the Ahoy Arena. The latter opened on 15 January 1971 and is the largest multi-purpose venue in the Netherlands, with a capacity of 16,426 as of May 2019.

text:
# Rotterdam Ahoy

**Rotterdam Ahoy** (formerly known as **Ahoy Rotterdam** or simply as **Ahoy**) is a multi-purpose complex with a convention centre and an indoor arena located in Rotterdam, Netherlands. Opened originally in 1950, the current complex consists of three main venues: a fairs and events hall, a congress and conference centre, and the main venue the Ahoy Arena. The latter (informally known as the *Sportpaleis*, lit.'Sport Palace') opened on 15 January 1971 and is the largest multi-purpose venue in the Netherlands, with a capacity of 16,426 as of May 2019.

## Background and history

### Original exhibition hall

The venue has a history dating back to 1950. After the devastation of World War II, the entire city of Rotterdam needed to be rebuilt, as practically nothing was left standing. Five years after the end of the war, the works at the city and their harbor was almost finished. To celebrate the last phase, an exposition called Rotterdam Ahoy! was held. The exhibition was held in a single hall that was built for the occasion and was located where the Erasmus MC is exactly today. The temporary exhibition hall was called Ahoy'-Hal and was used for both national and international events until 1966 when local authorities decided to demolish the hall. The hall was badly damaged during the North Sea flood of 1953, when was used as shelter for the victims. After 1966, temporary accommodation was found at Hofdijk/Pompenburg in the center of Rotterdam, on the site of an abandoned airstrip.

### Current Ahoy complex

The current complex began to take shape in 1968. As the Sportpaleis, originally designed as an indoor velodrome, and its three annexes were completed in 1970. The official opening of the Sportpalais took place during Six Days of Rotterdam, a six-day track cycling race, and was in the presence of the Prince Claus on 15 January 1971. However, the first fair already took place before the official opening, because in September 1970 Ahoy Halls were the location for the Femina fair. The complex's striking design won various national and international awards. The design of the venue took inspiration from the relation of the Dutch people and the water, with the building laid out like a ship.

Due the high demands, two further halls were added to the complex in 1980. The main arena was converted into a multi-use arena in 1988, when the arena's cycling track was dismantled due to disuse to in order to increase the capacity of the arena, which is still in demand for shows and other types of events. In 1998, the complex was expanded again to include a sixth event hall and a main reception hall (known as the plaza) designed by the architectural firm Benthem Crouwel. Another expansion take offices, catering facilities as well as smaller conference and meeting rooms were built. The main entrance to the Sportpaleis was also redesigned and the concrete footbridge from the Zuidplein (which was connected to a shopping centre and metro station) was demolished. The bridge was partly removed, so that it now ended at a staircase that led to the square in front of the reception hall. The demolition of the last section started on 3 March 2017, after the bridge had become unsafe due to a truck colliding with one of the bridge's girders earlier that week.

In 2005, a (now removable) cycling track was built in Ahoy for the revived Six Days of Rotterdam racing event. The main arena building was comprehensively modernised between 2010 and 2011. The arena's overall capacity was increased, the capacity was increased by 5,000 (from 10,500) and could now hold around 15,000 spectators following the installation of new grandstands and extra seating. In addition to the new grandstands, Dutch lighting company Signify installed a new custom-made 1,000 m2 LED screen wall on the facade of the arena. Since April 2021, the complex has been equipped with 5,200 solar panels which supply large events with sustainable energy 195 days a year.

In July 2018, construction work began on an extension to the Ahoy complex. Rotterdam Ahoy Convention Centre (RACC) and RTM Stage, designed by Kraaijvanger Architects, opened at the end of 2020 and is directly connected to the Ahoy Plaza. The new premises, featuring a dual-purpose 7.000 concert hall and 2,750-seat auditorium/theatre (expandable to 4,000), adds an additional 35,000 square metres of floor space. On the 2nd and 3rd floors there are 35 break out rooms, varying in capacity from 50 to 1,000, that can be used separately or combined and a 2,300 m2 Expo Foyer which can be used for gala dinners, expos and receptions. In December 2023, construction of a new parking garage began on Ahoy's old P3 parking lot. The new garage, in between the new Ibis hotel and Ahoy forecourt, has room for 628 cars and is expected to be completed in the last quarter of 2024. In 2017, it was announced that a Pathé cinema would also be built adjacent to the forecourt.

The artists' entrance to the main arena was renamed "Door Duncan" in 2020, in honor of Duncan Laurence (who was born in nearby Spijkenisse) who in 2019 brought the Netherlands its first victory in the adult Eurovision Song Contest since 1975.

## Events

### Sports

It has hosted sports competitions such as the Rotterdam Open and Six Days of Rotterdam every year and is one of the venues for Premier League Darts since 2016. Other international events held in the arena include:

It was a venue for the European finals of *Superstars*, the televised all-around sports competition from 1975 to 1977 and again in 1979.

In 2016, the venue hosted the mixed martial arts event UFC Fight Night: Overeem vs. Arlovski.

In 2017, the venue again hosted the UFC for UFC Fight Night: Volkov vs. Struve.

### Music television

The 1997 and 2016 MTV Europe Music Awards and the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2007 were also held in the Ahoy Arena. Rotterdam Ahoy was also planned to be the host venue for the Eurovision Song Contest 2020. It would have been the second venue to host both the junior and adult editions of the contest, after the Palace of Sports, Kyiv in Ukraine. On 18 March 2020, the EBU announced the cancellation of the contest due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the arena was later utilised as a field hospital. Instead, Rotterdam Ahoy hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 which took place on 18, 20 and 22 May 2021.

### Concerts

The arena is one of the main venues for large concerts in Rotterdam.

In June 2022, My Chemical Romance performed at the arena as part of their Reunion Tour.

Lee Towers has the record for the number of concerts - 51 in total..

Media related to Rotterdam Ahoy at Wikimedia Commons

| Events and tenants | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
|
| Preceded byPalais des Sports
Grenoble | **European Indoor Championships in Athletics
Venue**
1973 | Succeeded byScandinavium
Gothenburg |
|
| Preceded byNone | **FIFA Futsal World Championship
Final Venue**
**1989** | Succeeded byHong Kong Coliseum
Hong Kong |
|
| Preceded bySala Polivalentă
Bucharest | **Junior Eurovision Song Contest
Venue**
**2007** | Succeeded bySpyros Kyprianou Athletic Center
Limassol |
|
| Preceded byExpo Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv | **Eurovision Song Contest
Venue**
**2020 *(cancelled)***
**2021** | Succeeded byPala Alpitour
Turin |

## InfoBox

| Rotterdam Ahoy | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Ahoy Arena in 2020, the plaza building (right) is now redeveloped as RACC and RTM Stage | |
|  | |
| Address | Ahoyweg 10
3084 BA Rotterdam
Netherlands |
| Coordinates | 51°52′58″N 4°29′17″E / 51.88278°N 4.48806°E / 51.88278; 4.48806 |
| Owner | Ontwikkelingsbedrijf Rotterdam |
| Operator | AEG / ASM Global |
| Built | 1968–1970 (1970) |
| Inaugurated | 15 January 1971 (1971-01-15) |
| Renovated | 1980, 1998, 2011 |
| Expanded | 1980, 1997, 2020 |
| Former names | Ahoy Rotterdam |
| Banquet/ballroom | 650 (Congreszaal) |
| Theatre seating | 16,426 (Ahoy Arena)
6,000 (Club Ahoy)
4,000 (Theater Hal 1)
7,819 (RTM Stage) |
| Enclosed space | |
| Total space | 54,000 m2 (580,000 sq ft) |
| Exhibit hall floor | 32,230 m2 (346,900 sq ft) |
| Breakout/meeting | 2,825 m2 (30,410 sq ft) |
| Ballroom | 30,000 m2 (320,000 sq ft) |
| Parking | 2,000 spaces |
| Public transit access | Zuidplein |
| Website | |
| ahoy.nl | |


title: Rotterdam (play)

abstract: Rotterdam is a play by British playwright Jon Brittain. Rotterdam premiered at south London's Theatre 503 in November 2015. The production transferred to the Trafalgar Studios in July 2016. The production then transferred to the Arts Theatre for a limited run from 21 June to 15 July 2017 The play deals with transgender relationships, gender, and sexuality. It was named Outstanding Achievement in an Affiliate Theatre at the 2017 Olivier Awards.

text:
# Rotterdam (play)

***Rotterdam*** is a play by British playwright Jon Brittain. *Rotterdam* premiered at south London's Theatre 503 in November 2015. The production transferred to the Trafalgar Studios in July 2016. The production then transferred to the Arts Theatre for a limited run from 21 June to 15 July 2017

The play deals with transgender relationships, gender, and sexuality.

It was named Outstanding Achievement in an Affiliate Theatre at the 2017 Olivier Awards.


title: Rover (log canoe)

abstract: Rover is a Chesapeake Bay log canoe, built in 1886 by the Thompson brothers in Chester, Maryland. She measures 28'-13⁄4" with a 6'-41⁄4" beam. She has a longhead bow, braced back to the hull, and a sharp stern. She is privately owned and races under No. 11 in Eastern Shore competition. She is one of the last 22 surviving traditional Chesapeake Bay racing log canoes that carry on a tradition of racing on the Eastern Shore of Maryland that has existed since the 1840s. She is located at St. Michaels, Talbot County, Maryland. She was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. From: Tradition, Speed and Grace: Chesapeake Bay Sailing Log Canoes by John C. North II. Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum, 2018. "According to Bobbie Marshall of St. Michaels, she and her late husband, Marion C. “Junior” Marshall, purchased Rover in 1961 from Charles Grimes of Stevensville, Maryland. Grimes stated that the canoe was constructed about 1886 by the Thompson Brothers of Chester, Maryland, who also built Silver Heel. Rover was constructed as a workboat, and a motor was installed in her in 1902. She was in terrible condition when acquired and was extensively rebuilt by Marshall and raced by him for the first time on Labor Day 1972. She was the only canoe in the fleet to be painted yellow. Rover was poorly equipped for spars and sails and never won a race. She was known to capsize with some frequency and was called “rollover Rover.” Her chief claim to fame was that she went to Washington, D.C., in 1976 to participate in the American Folklife Festival on the steps of the American Museum of Natural History. She was there for a week with crew members on hand to explain the wonders of a Chesapeake log canoe to the inquiring public."

text:
# Rover (log canoe)

***Rover***  is a Chesapeake Bay log canoe, built in 1886 by the Thompson brothers in Chester, Maryland. She measures 28'-134" with a 6'-414" beam. She has a longhead bow, braced back to the hull, and a sharp stern. She is privately owned and races under No. 11 in Eastern Shore competition. She is one of the last 22 surviving traditional Chesapeake Bay racing log canoes that carry on a tradition of racing on the Eastern Shore of Maryland that has existed since the 1840s. She is located at St. Michaels, Talbot County, Maryland.

She was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

From: *Tradition, Speed and Grace: Chesapeake Bay Sailing Log Canoes* by John C. North II. Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum, 2018.

"According to Bobbie Marshall of St. Michaels, she and her late husband, Marion C. “Junior” Marshall, purchased Rover in 1961 from Charles Grimes of Stevensville, Maryland. Grimes stated that the canoe was constructed about 1886 by the Thompson Brothers of Chester, Maryland, who also built Silver Heel. Rover was constructed as a workboat, and a motor was installed in her in 1902.

She was in terrible condition when acquired and was extensively rebuilt by Marshall and raced by him for the first time on Labor Day 1972. She was the only canoe in the fleet to be painted yellow.

Rover was poorly equipped for spars and sails and never won a race. She was known to capsize with some frequency and was called “rollover Rover.”

Her chief claim to fame was that she went to Washington, D.C., in 1976 to participate in the American Folklife Festival on the steps of the American Museum of Natural History. She was there for a week with crew members on hand to explain the wonders of a Chesapeake log canoe to the inquiring public."

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| ROVER (log canoe) | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | St. Michaels Marina, St. Michaels, Maryland |
| Coordinates | 38°47′6″N 76°13′13″W / 38.78500°N 76.22028°W / 38.78500; -76.22028 |
| Built | 1886 |
| Architect | Thompson Bros. |
| Architectural style | Tilghman |
| MPS | Chesapeake Bay Sailing Log Canoe Fleet TR |
| NRHP reference No. | 85002262 |
| Added to NRHP | September 18, 1985 |


title: Books of Magick: Life During Wartime

abstract: Books of Magick: Life During Wartime is a fantasy comic book series published by DC Comics under their Vertigo imprint in 2004 and 2005 that was discontinued after fifteen issues. All of the issues are written by Si Spencer, with some script consultation done by Neil Gaiman. The artwork is done solo by Dean Ormston throughout most of the series' run. Steve Yeowell is co-credited as an artist in issues eleven and twelve and Duncan Fegredo fully replaces Ormston for issues six and ten. The series depicts the events that take place on two fictional worlds, both of which are connected through an alternate version of the character Timothy Hunter. When Timothy Hunter first appeared he was a young boy who had the potential to be the world's most powerful magic user. He starred in his own series titled The Books of Magic. Over the course of the character's history he changed and aged. The idea behind Books of Magick: Life During Wartime was to present a more mature version of The Books of Magic without the character's past continuity attached. During the planning stage a problem appeared. A series of books based on the comics and also titled The Books of Magic had been released and marketed in this form to children. Books of Magick: Life During Wartime depicts nudity and sex, as well as a higher degree of violence than The Books of Magic. Although tastefully depicted these things make it a series inappropriate for children and there were fears that the new series and the books could be confused in some sectors. The decision to change 'Magic' to 'Magick' and to add the words 'Life During Wartime' was made and the series went forward.

text:
# Books of Magick: Life During Wartime

***Books of Magick: Life During Wartime*** is a fantasy comic book series published by DC Comics under their Vertigo imprint in 2004 and 2005 that was discontinued after fifteen issues.

All of the issues are written by Si Spencer, with some script consultation done by Neil Gaiman. The artwork is done solo by Dean Ormston throughout most of the series' run. Steve Yeowell is co-credited as an artist in issues eleven and twelve and Duncan Fegredo fully replaces Ormston for issues six and ten.

The series depicts the events that take place on two fictional worlds, both of which are connected through an alternate version of the character Timothy Hunter.

When Timothy Hunter first appeared he was a young boy who had the potential to be the world's most powerful magic user. He starred in his own series titled *The Books of Magic*. Over the course of the character's history he changed and aged.

The idea behind *Books of Magick: Life During Wartime* was to present a more mature version of *The Books of Magic* without the character's past continuity attached. During the planning stage a problem appeared. A series of books based on the comics and also titled *The Books of Magic* had been released and marketed in this form to children. *Books of Magick: Life During Wartime* depicts nudity and sex, as well as a higher degree of violence than *The Books of Magic*. Although tastefully depicted these things make it a series inappropriate for children and there were fears that the new series and the books could be confused in some sectors. The decision to change 'Magic' to 'Magick' and to add the words 'Life During Wartime' was made and the series went forward.

## Setting

The true Earth of this series is a world upon which humans (known as the Bred) live side-by-side with members of the races of Faerie (known as the Born). It is a world torn by war. On one side is the ruling elite made exclusively of Born. On the other is the Coalition made up of both Born and Bred. The majority on both sides are members of the same religion. They worship Tim Hunter as a god under the name The Hunter.

The second Earth is known as Hunter's World and was created by Hunter as a means of protection and escape. The things he was running from were magic, war, and religion. As a result, when he created Hunter's World none of those things existed there.

## Publication history

The first five issues detail the current status quo in the final days of the war. The Born make their final attack and the war ends in issues seven to nine. Issues eleven to fifteen show the aftermath of these events with eleven and twelve dealing with the true Earth and thirteen, fourteen and fifteen showing the fate of Hunter's World and the main cast of characters. These three sections are separated by two one issue stories that show events from the perspective of two supporting characters. Issue six shows Dog's perspective while issue ten deals with Cat's.

## Characters

* **Tim Hunter** \- the most powerful magic user on the real Earth. He is worshiped as a god, but hates it. He only wants the war to stop.
* **John Constantine and Zatanna** \- they are two of Tim's closest friends and key players around which events move. These two characters are based on the DC Universe characters of the same names (John Constantine and Zatanna).
* **Molly** \- she is Tim's girlfriend on Hunter's World.
* **Cat and Dog** \- they are brother and sister and Tim's close friends on Hunter's World.
* **Brewster** \- he is the only other person living on Hunter's World not created by Tim. His mission is to safeguard Tim for the Coalition and to ensure his memory of the real world returns when it needs to.
* **Lord Midian** \- a Faerie and one of the leaders of Coalition. He is in charge of the Coalition's Navy.
* **The Faerie Queen** \- she is the leader of the Born and rules over Earth from her palace in Jerusalem.

## Plot synopsis

### The Beginning of the End

The series starts fifteen months into the war between the Born and the Coalition.

On the real world John Constantine finds himself in charge of the besieged city of Kraków. The forces inside are surrounded by the soldiers of the Born under the command of a monstrous Faerie known as The Cherish, and the food stores ran out seven months previously. In Jerusalem Zatanna searches for a way to obtain the three keys that will give her access to the Books of Magick. Her hope is that the books will allow Tim Hunter to regain all of his memories when he comes back from his exile.

Things get worse for the Coalition when an apparition of the Hunter appears worldwide. Seeing this the Coalition launches its naval fleet from Reykjavík to attack England (known as Albion on this world) despite the misgiving of Lord Midian. This turns out to be a disastrous move when the fleet is destroyed by giant wood golems guarding the landing beaches. In Kraków things get much worse when the forces surrounding the city begin launching deadly cluster spells. On top of all of this Zatanna is captured in Jerusalem and tortured. The pain of this last event is lessened when Zatanna escapes taking the three keys to the Books of Magick with her. The apparition also allows the Faerie Queen to discover Tim's location. She sends her agents, the Micturides to get him.

On Hunter's World, Tim meets his girlfriend Molly at the train station. Later they meet with their friends Cat and Dog who give Tim a book named *The Books of Magick*. After looking through it he collapses and sees a vision of the real world. While in the middle of this vision he inadvertently causes the apparition that appeared there.

This event causes Brewster to make his presence known. He introduces himself a few days later and enters Tim's circle of friends. Brewster begins to take actions that are designed to force Tim to use his powers and to remember magic again.

Strange things begin to happen around Tim at this point. These culminate when Cat gets hit in the head by a broken stone. Her eyes turn solid red and insects begin to exit her mouth. Tim drives to the oceanside and submerges her and himself in the water. The magic he uses in this location allows him to save her. While this is going on The Micturides arrive and are confronted by Brewster.

### The Return of the Hunter

On the true Earth things are dark for the Coalition. The Born begin their invasion of Iceland (known as Thule on this world and the last nation still under Coalition control).

On Hunter's World Tim has regained enough of his memories to know who he is and where he comes from. He creates a church and has a funeral for Brewster who he believes was killed by the Micturides. In attendance are the very confused Molly, Cat and Dog. A very much still living Brewster arrives and begins to argue with Tim over Tim's actions. The argument grows heated and Tim's church is cracked in half. In the chaos Molly, Cat and Dog disappear only to appear in the real world. Molly appears to John Constantine in Kraków. Dog appears in Zatanna's shower in Jerusalem while she is taking a shower. Finally, Cat appears in front of a captured Lord Midian in Thule and is taken prisoner alongside the other Coalition survivors.

### The War Ends

Tim arrives back in the real world along with Brewster. While deciding what to do they encounter a group of Alfar, a Faerie race known for eating other sentients, Tim begins a relationship with one of their women named Birgit. After coming to a decision on what his actions should be Tim transports his allies to the prison in Thule where Cat and Midian are being held. They rescue Cat but Midian dies from wounds he received while being tortured.

While Tim is in Thule, The Cherish gives the order to begin the final assault on Kraków. Tim and his allies teleport in not long after that order is given. In the battle Birgit is killed and Tim challenges the Cherish to one on one combat. The head of the Cherish's conjoined twin is cut off by one of her own soldiers just as she is about to kill Tim. This soldier is a worshiper of the Hunter and did not wish to see his god killed. This small victory is not enough to save the day as the forces of the Born overwhelm the city's defenders and the war comes to a conclusion.

### Confronting the Queen

Tim, Molly, Constantine and Cat are taken as prisoners to Jerusalem where they are placed in chains at the head of a victory parade led by The Cherish. The spectacle winds its way through the streets on its way to the Queen's palace.

Seeing this Zatanna and Dog hatch a plan to steal the last of the Books of Magick. Slipping into the palace they quickly make their way to the room containing the last book. Just as they are about to take the book the soldiers assigned to guard the book discover their presence.

In the Queen's throne room, Tim and his allies are presented to the Queen. Tim casts an illusionary spell that distracts the Queen long enough to allow an escape. Constantine leads this small group through the palace halls to where Zatanna and Dog are fighting. Now joined, Tim and his allies take the last of the books and fight their way to a place of temporary safety. There Tim assembles all four books and casts the spell that will give him all of his memories back.

The spell fails and the Faerie Queen appears in the doorway. John Constantine goes to her and they embrace. He reveals that he is her lover, that he has been working for the Born the entire time and that the two of them destroyed the true Books of Magick months previously. As The Queen prepares to kill Tim and end any threat to her reign, Tim joins hands with Molly, Cat and Dog and casts a spell. Tim's three friends from Hunter's World crumble before his eyes and disappear. The effect on the Faerie Queen is similar as she dies and takes on the appearance of a desiccated corpse.

Seeking to see the Queen's true appearance Zatanna turns the corpse over only to see a feminine version of Tim's face. Constantine reveals that she was an alternate version of Tim and both he and Zatanna reveal to Tim that Constantine's actions were a double cross. Constantine's plan was to trick the Queen into allowing a small group close enough that she could be killed.

### The Final Fate of Hunter's World

Since Tim's return to the true world, the social situation on Hunter's World has deteriorated. Tim returns with Brewster and is shocked to find that the strange events that preceded his departure have caused a religion to form. In a reflection of the true world this religion worships Tim as a deity under the name The Hunter.

This world has its own version of John Constantine named Jackie Constantine, who works as a delivery girl. Her assignment is to take a small package to the church that Tim created. Since Tim's leavetaking it has become the center of the new religion and the home for its leaders, the Holy Six. Jackie's delivery goes wrong and she barely gets away with her life.

Jackie is fired and now jobless she rescues a young woman from Hunter worshippers who were about to burn her at the stake. The young woman's name is Charlotte and the two of them become lovers. Later Jackie encounters a woman running from some more Hunter worshippers and saves her as well. This woman turns out to be the woman that Tim created on Hunter's World to be his "mother". This rescue leads to an encounter with Molly, Dog and Cat who have recently reappeared back on Hunter's World. The three of them and Brewster have a mission for her.

Tim has decided to destroy Hunter's World and Jackie is sent to talk to him in hopes that she can talk him out of it. She fails at this and Hunter's World ceases to exist. The only survivors are Jackie, Charlotte, Tim's "Mother", Dog, Cat and Molly. Along with Brewster, Tim transports this group to another realm using two cabins from the Hunter's World version of the London Eye.

This new world is a place of lush green beauty free from predators. Tim tells Cat and Dog that they are not really brother and sister and that they will be this dimension's Adam and Eve.

Tim takes the rest of his group to the Realm of Faerie to drop off Brewster and to have a talk with Titania, the Queen of Faerie (not to be confused with the foe he defeated). Molly and Tim's "mother" wander, see what Faerie is like and decide to stay.

Jackie and Charlotte travel with Tim to the true Earth. There Tim uses his powers to set them up in a new life.

## Reception

Although most of the reviews were favorable, there was some criticism. Most of this centered around the thought that, despite the fact that the story had no connection to the history of Timothy Hunter, you still needed to know that history to fully understand many plot details. A review from TheForthRail.com complained that "the writers seem to assume that the reader will be familiar with Tim's history".

## Collected editions

There has been one trade paperback collection so far:

## InfoBox

| *Books of Magick: Life During Wartime* | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover of *Books of Magick: Life During Wartime* #2, art by Frank Quitely. Pictured left to right Molly, Tim Hunter, Cat and Dog. | |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | Vertigo |
| Schedule | Monthly |
| Format | Ongoing series |
| Publication date | 2004-2005 |
| No. of issues | 15 |
| Creative team | |
| Created by | Neil Gaiman
Si Spencer |
| Written by | Si Spencer |
| Artist(s) | Dean Ormston
Steve Yeowell
Duncan Fegredo |
| Letterer(s) | Todd Klein |
| Collected editions | |
| *Book 1* | ISBN 1-4012-0488-0 |


title: Books of Jeu

abstract: The Books of Jeu are two Gnostic texts. Though independent works, both the First Book of Jeu and the Second Book of Jeu appear, in Sahidic Coptic, in the Bruce Codex. They are a combination of a gospel and an esoteric revelation; the work professes to record conversations Jesus had with both the male apostles and his female disciples, and the secret knowledge (gnosis) revealed in these conversations.

text:
# Books of Jeu

The **Books of Jeu** are two Gnostic texts. Though independent works, both the **First Book of Jeu** and the **Second Book of Jeu** appear, in Sahidic Coptic, in the Bruce Codex. They are a combination of a gospel and an esoteric revelation; the work professes to record conversations Jesus had with both the male apostles and his female disciples, and the secret knowledge (gnosis) revealed in these conversations.

## Authorship and date

The date of the Bruce Codex, which contains the sole surviving copy of the work, is unknown and disputed, with estimates ranging from the 3rd to the 10th century. It is believed that the Sahidic Coptic of the Codex version is a translation, however, and the original was written in Koine Greek in the early 3rd century. This estimate is because the Pistis Sophia mentions the two books of Jeu twice (158.18 and 228.35), suggesting that the Books of Jeu were written before it, and the Pistis Sophia is dated to the late 3rd or early 4th century.

The author is unknown, but was presumably a Gnostic Christian in Roman Egypt.

## Content

The work frequently refers to Jesus as "the living \[one\]" or "the life-giving", in reference to the resurrection. There are standard references to Gnostic theology: the disciples ask Jesus to "teach us the hidden knowledge". According to Jesus, the Father projected "Jeu" (Ίεου) from his bosom, and then 28 emanations formed over the Aeons, with each form, mystic name, and number spelled out with great precision. Jesus gives the "three baptisms" to those present of water, fire, and the Holy Spirit, and explains the Gnostic mystery that will save them from the Archons. Jesus says that after the disciples' souls were purified and saved, they will eventually transmit themselves through the Aeons to a transcendent realm in the place of the great invisible God, the great virginal Spirit, and 24 emanations of God. The work then discusses the secret names of the aeons, their numbers, their seals, their passwords, formula which allow free passage through the celestial spheres, and other esoteric details. Jesus closes with a warning to only share such information with those worthy to receive the true knowledge. Much of the work is illustrated with detailed diagrams, rather than being solely text.

One of the unusual features of the Books of Jeu are that they predominantly consist of mystic incantations and similarly esoteric diagrams, often including concentric circles and squares. The text was perhaps used as a sort of prayer book or spell book for Gnostic rituals. The text also includes Gnostic hymns of praise.

## Analysis

The work is somewhat similar to the Gnostic Apocryphon of John.

M. R. James was unimpressed with the work; he wrote that its "mystic diagrams, and numbers, and meaningless collections of letters (...) require a vast deal of historical imagination and sympathy to put oneself in the place of anybody who could tolerate, let alone reverence, the dreary stuff."

## Further reading


title: Booby Island (Saint Kitts and Nevis)

abstract: Booby Island is an uninhabited islet in Saint Kitts and Nevis. It is found in The Narrows, the channel between the islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis, about midway between the two. Booby Island is cone-shaped, consisting of a steep hill and a rocky shoreline. The island is designated as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International to protect its bird population. The Booby Island Sailing Regatta has been held annually in the waters around the island since 2008.

text:
# Booby Island (Saint Kitts and Nevis)

**Booby Island** is an uninhabited islet in Saint Kitts and Nevis. It is found in The Narrows, the channel between the islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis, about midway between the two. Booby Island is cone-shaped, consisting of a steep hill and a rocky shoreline. The island is designated as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International to protect its bird population. The Booby Island Sailing Regatta has been held annually in the waters around the island since 2008.

## Geography

Booby Island lies in The Narrows, the channel between the islands of Nevis and St. Kitts, where it is an approximate midpoint between the two islands. It is one of two islands in The Narrows, alongside Cow Island, which measures about 1.8 metres (6 ft) high and 2 metres (6.6 ft) across.

Booby Island is a cone-shaped islet, measuring approximately 1 hectare (2.5 acres) in area. The island predominantly consists of a steep hill with rocky outcroppings, while its shoreline is made up of large rocks. The length across the island and the height of its peak are both approximately 38 metres (125 ft). The interior of the island contains dense populations of brushy plants; no mammals were found on the island in a 2004 survey. A sample of basaltic andesite from Booby Island's southeast coast was predominantly composed of silicon dioxide by weight (56.41%).

## Bird population

Booby Island is a major seabird nesting site in St. Kitts and Nevis. BirdLife International designated Booby Island as an Important Bird Area, which includes the entire island and seas up to one kilometre away. Eight species of seabird are found on Booby Island, where nesting season begins in April or May and ends between August and October. Booby Island is not subject to any special environmental protections.

A 1997 survey of the island's seabird population found that it hosted 400 to 600 nesting pairs, and in 2008, it was estimated that there were approximately 425. The most common in the 1997 survey were sooty terns, followed by bridled terns, laughing gulls, roseate terns, and brown noddies. Red-billed tropicbirds can also be found on Booby Island. All of these species are rare to St. Kitts and Nevis and are not found in any part of the country besides Booby Island. The island also has a population of brown pelicans, which are colloquially referred to as "boobies" despite not being members of the *Sula* genus. The seabird population is fragile, as eggs are easily accessible and chasing birds from their nests causes the eggs to quickly overheat. Fifteen pairs of roseate terns were identified in 1997, but only two were found the following year.

## Human interaction

Booby Island is uninhabited. It is controlled by the government of Saint Kitts and Nevis and is not privately owned. The island's geography makes human access challenging, as boats cannot dock and visitors must swim over the rocky shoreline. Fishermen sometimes collect the eggs of laughing gulls and other species of bird, which may have a negative effect on the bird population. Over time, the fishing community of Newcastle has shifted its fishing grounds from the coasts of Nevis and St. Kitts to the coast of Booby Island, to save on fuel use and to avoid overfished areas.

Since 2008, the Booby Island Sailing Regatta has been held annually to promote tourism outside of the usual tourist season. It historically lasted one day, but it deviated from this in 2015 with a three-day event. The main event is the Booby Island Cup, in which sailors race around Booby Island in an informal, open-entry boat race. Three boats participated in the first Booby Island Sailing Regatta, with that number growing to 16 by 2014.

An American student was bitten by a tiger shark while swimming off the island's coast in 2021, resulting in amputation above the knee.

## InfoBox

Booby Island
| Booby Island in 2019 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | The Narrows, Saint Kitts and Nevis |
| Coordinates | 17°13′36.8″N 62°36′37.6″W / 17.226889°N 62.610444°W / 17.226889; -62.610444 |
| Area | 1 ha (2.5 acres) |
| Length | 38 m (125 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 38 m (125 ft) |
| Administration | |
| **Saint Kitts and Nevis** | |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 0 |
| Additional information | |
| Time zone |  |


title: Borka Jerman Blažič

abstract: Borka Jerman Blažič is a Slovenian Internet pioneer, and the President of the Internet Society - Slovenia. She is also a computer networks scientist, founder and first general secretary of the Yugoslavian Network for the Academic and Education Community (YUNET), which introduced the first Internet services in SFR Yugoslavia in 1991. Blažič graduated from the University of Skopje, Macedonia, obtained Master of Science degree at Faculty of Electric Engineering at University of Ljubljana, Slovenia and PhD at the Faculty of Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Zagreb, Croatia. She has spent her post-doctoral studies at the Iowa State University in Ames, U.S.A.

text:
# Borka Jerman Blažič

**Borka Jerman Blažič** (born 28 March 1947) is a Slovenian Internet pioneer, and the President of the Internet Society \- Slovenia. She is also a computer networks scientist, founder and first general secretary of the Yugoslavian Network for the Academic and Education Community (YUNET), which introduced the first Internet services in SFR Yugoslavia in 1991.

Blažič graduated from the University of Skopje, Macedonia, obtained Master of Science degree at Faculty of Electric Engineering at University of Ljubljana, Slovenia and PhD at the Faculty of Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Zagreb, Croatia. She has spent her post-doctoral studies at the Iowa State University in Ames, U.S.A.

## Career

Among other contributions, she was part of the Internet Architecture Board Character Set Workshop in 1996, and part of her previous work was used in the preparation of the RFC.

In 1992-1993 she was project officer and chair of the TERENA (Trans European Research and Education Networks Association) Working Group on Internationalization of the Network services. In 1996-2000 she was member of TERENA Technical Committee.

Borka Jerman Blažič was the first elected chair of the European Council of the Internet Society Chapters (ISOC-ECC).

Prof. Dr. Borka Jerman Blažič is a full professor at the University of Ljubljana, Department of Economics and is heading the Laboratory for Open Systems and Networks at the Jožef Stefan Institute. There she is teaching electronic communications and information security. She's also running the program on Internet technology at the postgraduate international school Jožef Stefan. She is also a senior researcher at the Department for System and Computer Sciences of the Stockholm University.

Borka Jerman Blažič is a member of the Scientific Council of the European Privacy Association. In 2011 she was appointed as a member of the Grand Jury of the World Summit Awards. She is also a member of the Slovenian Governmental Council for Electronic communications.

Prof. Dr. Jerman Blažič has published hundreds of articles in international journals, conferences, books and was an invited speaker at many international conferences and workshops in the field of Information and Communication Technologies.

In 2017 she was awarded the Medal for Merits by the President of Slovenia Borut Pahor.

The international conference Information Society 2018 recognize the work of Borka Jerman Blažič and awarded her as "The first lady of Slovenian Internet". In 2018 she published the book "Don Kihot in Slovenia or how Internet has come in Slovenia". The book was published by eBesede and Jožef Stefan institut. The book introduces the history of computer networks development in the world and the work related to the first internet line in Slovenia in 1991. The independence of Slovenia and turmoil on the Balkans in that time are presented in the book as well.


title: Borrisoleigh

abstract: Borrisoleigh is a small town in County Tipperary, Ireland. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 679. It is in the ecclesiastical parish of Borrisoleigh and Ileigh in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly.

text:
# Borrisoleigh

**Borrisoleigh** (Irish: *Buiríos Ó Luigheach*, meaning 'The Burgage of the territory of O'Lea or Ileagh') is a small town in County Tipperary, Ireland. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 679. It is in the ecclesiastical parish of Borrisoleigh and Ileigh in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly.

## Location and access

The town is part of the civil parish of Glenkeen in the historic barony of Kilnamanagh Upper. It is situated on the R498 NenaghThurles road. To the east, the R501 goes to Templemore with fine views of the Devil's Bit mountain on the left hand side near Drom and Barnane. Borrisoleigh is 20 km south-east of Nenagh, 13 km north-west of Thurles, and 10 km south-west of Templemore.

## History

Borrisoleigh derives its name from the ancient territory of *Uí Luighdheach* in which it was situated. An annual cattle fair was held here every 27 November until the 1960s.

The first recorded settlement here was an abbey established by St. Cualan at Glean Caoin, anglicised as "Glankeen Abbey." Kilcuilan (St. Cualan's Church) was dedicated to him at a nearby holy well. A bell attributed to this saint, known as the "Bearnan Culan" or "Glankeen Bell" is now housed at the British Museum in London. A replica may be seen in the sanctuary of the parish church in Borrisoleigh.

After the Norman invasion of Ireland in the 12th century, the O'Dwyer and DeBurgo clans established a fortress on the River Camoge as a defence against the native settlement at Ileigh. Its ruins may still be seen as you leave Borrisoleigh on the Templemore Road.

In October 1846, absentee landlord Henry Dawson-Damer, 3rd Earl of Portarlington, threw a banquet at the Temperance Hall in Borrisoleigh while the surrounding parish was suffering through the Great Famine. He left a meager one hundred pound donation to the local Poor Relief Committee when he returned to England.

### Catholic church

The parish priest Michael Slattery was appointed Archbishop of Cashel and Emly in 1833. Slattery was succeeded by Father William Morris, who led 118 local men in signing the Cormack Petition in 1858. This document provides a vital snapshot of the town's population, including its largest families (in this order): Ryan, Bourke, Kennedy, Dwyer, Maher, Gleeson, Harrington, and Patterson. It also shows the top 10 male given names were: John, James, Patrick, William, Michael, Daniel, Martin, Philip, Thomas, Edmond (tie), and Jeremiah (tie).

In 1877, Catholics from across the Province of Munster met to sign an appeal to Archbishop Croke of Cashel, urging him to secure the right to a religious university education. Representing Borrisoleigh were its parish priest Patrick, Canon Morris; Joseph Power, licensed surgeon; and Poor Law guardians Richard Chadwick and John Bourke.

Borrisoleigh has produced two well-known Catholic bishops: Joseph Shanahan (1871–1943) and Thomas Quinlan (1896–1970).

### Church of Ireland

In 1785, a parish church for the Church of Ireland parish of Glenkeen was built in Borrisoleigh, on the site where St. Brigid's Cemetery is today. The glebe-house, which had a glebe of 11 acres (4.5 ha), was in the townland of Glenkeen. When the parish church was closed, the glebe house was sold in 1870.

## Amenities

Among its attractions are some traditional shop fronts, and a 15th-century tower house. An inscribed slab inserted into the gable of one of a pair of red sandstone houses are engraved the names Richard Burke and Ellis Hurley, 1643. Walter Doolin was the architect of the church in the main street. The window and door surrounds were quarried at Drombane, 12 miles (19 km) away. It is similar to the stone used in Cormac's Chapel, Cashel. Borrisoleigh has a number of small shops and a small supermarket, petrol stations, pubs, a post office, hair salons, schools, a church, a community hall and GAA sporting facilities.

## Education

*Scoil Naomh Cualán* is a Roman Catholic Primary School in Borrisoleigh, Co Tipperary.

*St. Joseph’s College* is a Catholic lay co-educational second-level school.

## Economy

Borrisoleigh's economy is driven by the Gleeson Group, now owned by C&C, which markets Tipperary Natural Mineral Water, Bulmer's Cider and several other brands.

## Sport

The local Gaelic Athletic Association club is Borris–Ileigh GAA. The club's name is distinctive and is not to be confused with the place name Borrisoleigh. Former All-Ireland champion hurlers with the club were Liam Devaney, Ned Ryan, Paddy Kenny, Seán Kenny and Jimmy Finn whose playing years were in the period 1949–1965. Noel O'Dwyer was an all Ireland medal winner in 1971. In 1987, Richard Stakelum captained Tipperary to their first Munster championship in 17 years. Also in that era, brothers Bobby and Aidan Ryan were victorious in the 1989 and 1991 All-Ireland Championships, Bobby being the victorious captain in 1989. 2010 saw two further all Ireland medal winners Paddy Stapleton and Brendan Maher. The Borris-Ileigh club were All Ireland senior club champions in 1987. In 2016, Tipperary won the All Ireland defeating Kilkenny. Brendan Maher captained the team with Dan McCormack and Paddy Stapleton being members of the squad.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Borrisoleigh *Buiríos Ó Luigheach* | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Bourke's Castle | |
| BorrisoleighLocation in Ireland | |
| Coordinates: 52°45′07″N 7°57′23″W / 52.752061°N 7.956301°W / 52.752061; -7.956301 | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Province | Munster |
| County | County Tipperary |
| Population (2016) | |
| Total | 679 |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (WET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-1 (IST (WEST)) |


# Rowing at the 2022 National Games of India

Rowing events were held from 30 September 2022 to 2 October 2022 at Sabarmati Riverfront Venue 1, Ahmedabad.

## Medal table

*As of 2 October 2022*

| Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Madhya Pradesh | 3 | 1 | 3 | 7 |
| 2 | Services | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| 3 | Kerala | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| 4 | Odisha | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| 5 | Manipur | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 6 | Haryana | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 7 | Maharashtra | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 8 | Punjab | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Uttar Pradesh | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 10 | Rajasthan | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Tamil Nadu | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Telangana | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (12 entries) | | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |


title: Royal Antwerp F.C. in European football

text:
# Royal Antwerp F.C. in European football

Royal Antwerp Football Club, often simply referred to as R. Antwerp or simply Antwerp, is an association football club from Antwerp, Belgium. The team has participated in sixteen seasons of Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) club competitions, including one season in the European Cup, fourteen seasons in the Inter Cities Fairs Cup, UEFA Cup and Europa League, one season in the Cup Winners' Cup. The club's first appearance was in the 1957–58 European Cup. Since then, the club has participated in various seasons of the UEFA club competitions, with various success. Their best performance was reaching the final of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1993, where Antwerp lost 3–1 to Italian side Parma.

## Total statistics

*As of home match with Barcelona.*

| Competition | S | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| European Cup / UEFA Champions League | 1 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 6 | 17 | −11 |
| UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League | 15 | 63 | 21 | 12 | 30 | 83 | 102 | −19 |
| UEFA Cup Winners' Cup | 1 | 9 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 12 | 11 | +1 |
| Total | 17 | 78 | 24 | 16 | 38 | 101 | 130 | –29 |

## Statistics by country

*As of 13 December 2023.*

| Country | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Austria | 6 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 11 | 9 | +2 |
| Bulgaria | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 5 | +4 |
| Cyprus | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| Czech Republic | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| England | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 8 | 13 | –5 |
| France | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 5 | –1 |
| Germany | 10 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 10 | 14 | –4 |
| Greece | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 3 | +2 |
| Hungary | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | –2 |
| Italy | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | –1 |
| Kosovo | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | +2 |
| Luxembourg | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | +2 |
| Netherlands | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | –3 |
| Norway | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1 | +4 |
| Poland | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | –1 |
| Portugal | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 8 | –3 |
| Romania | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Russia | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | +1 |
| Scotland | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 13 | 20 | –7 |
| Spain | 8 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 21 | –15 |
| Switzerland | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 3 | +5 |
| Northern Ireland | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 5 | +1 |
| Turkey | 6 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 9 | –4 |
| Ukraine | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 | –2 |
| Total | 85 | 27 | 18 | 41 | 111 | 142 | –31 |

## Matches

| Season | Competition | Round | Opponent | Home | Away | Aggregate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1957–58 | European Cup | 1R | Real Madrid | 1–2 | 0–6 | **1–8** |
| 1964–65 | Inter-Cities Fairs Cup | 1R | Hertha BSC | 2–0 | 1–2 | **3–2** |
| | | 2R | Athletic Bilbao | 0–1 | 0–2 | **0–3** |
| 1965–66 | Inter-Cities Fairs Cup | 1R | Glentoran | 1–0 | 3–3 | **4–3** |
| | | 2R | Barcelona | 2–1 | 0–2 | **2–3** |
| 1966–67 | Inter-Cities Fairs Cup | 1R | Union Luxembourg | 1–0 | 1–0 | **2–0** |
| | | 2R | Kilmarnock | 0–1 | 2–7 | **2–8** |
| 1967–68 | Inter-Cities Fairs Cup | 1R | Göztepe Izmir | 1–2 | 0–0 | **1–2** |
| 1974–75 | UEFA Cup | 1R | Sturm Graz | 1–0 | 1–2 | **2–2** () |
| | | 2R | Ajax | 2–1 | 0–1 | **2–2** () |
|
| 1975–76 | UEFA Cup | 1R | Aston Villa | 4–1 | 1–0 | **5–1** |
| | | 2R | Śląsk Wrocław | 1–1 | 1–2 | **2–3** |
| 1983–84 | UEFA Cup | 1R | Zürich | 4–2 | 4–1 | **8–3** |
| | | 2R | Lens | 2–3 | 2–2 | **4–5** |
| 1988–89 | UEFA Cup | 1R | 1. FC Köln | 2–4 | 1–2 | **3–6** |
| 1989–90 | UEFA Cup | 1R | Levski Sofia | 4–3 | 0–0 | **4–3** |
| | | 2R | Dundee United | 4–0 | 2–3 | **6–3** |
| | | 3R | VfB Stuttgart | 1–0 | 1–1 | **2–1** |
| | | QF | 1. FC Köln | 0–0 | 0–2 | **0–2** |
| 1990–91 | UEFA Cup | 1R | Ferencváros | 0–0 | 1–3 | **1–3** |
| 1992–93 | European Cup Winners' Cup | 1R | Glenavon | 1–1 | 1–1 | **1–1** |
| | | 2R | Admira Wacker | 3–4 | 4–2 | **7–6** |
| | | QF | Steaua București | 0–0 | 1–1 | **1–1** () |
| | | SF | Spartak Moscow | 3–1 | 0–1 | **3–2** |
| | |  | Parma | **1–3** | | |
| 1993–94 | UEFA Cup | 1R | Marítimo | 2–0 | 2–2 | **4–2** |
| | | 2R | Austria Salzburg | 0–1 | 0–1 | **0–2** |
| 1994–95 | UEFA Cup | 1R | Newcastle United | 0–5 | 2–5 | **2–10** |
| 2019–20 | UEFA Europa League | 3Q | Viktoria Plzeň | 1–0 | 1–2 | **2–2** |
| | | PO | AZ | 1–1 | 1–4 | **2–5** |
| 2020–21 | UEFA Europa League | Group J | Tottenham Hotspur | 1–0 | 0–2 | **2nd** |
| | | | LASK | 0–1 | 2–0 | |
| | | | Ludogorets Razgrad | 3–1 | 2–1 | |
| | | R32 | Rangers | 3–4 | 2–5 | **5–9** |
| 2021–22 | UEFA Europa League | PO | Omonia | 2–0 (a.e.t.) | 2–4 | **4–4 (3–2 )** |
| | | Group D | Olympiacos | 1–0 | 1–2 | **4th** |
| | | Eintracht Frankfurt | 0–1 | | 2–2 |
| | | Fenerbahçe | 0–3 | | 2–2 |
| 2022–23 | UEFA Europa Conference League | 2Q | Drita | 0−0 | 2–0 | **2–0** |
| | | 3Q | Lillestrøm | 2–0 | 3–1 | **5–1** |
| | | PO | İstanbul Başakşehir | 1–3 | 1−1 | **2–4** |
| 2023–24 | UEFA Champions League | PO | AEK Athens | 1–0 | 2–1 | 3–1 |
| | | Group H | Barcelona | 3–2 | 0–5 | **4th** |
| | | Shakhtar Donetsk | 2–3 | | 0–1 |
| | | Porto | 1–4 | | 0–2 |

### Summary of best results

From the quarter-finals upwards:

UEFA Cup Winners' Cup (1):

UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League:

* Quarter-finalists in 1990.


title: Royal Arcade, Cardiff

abstract: The Royal Arcade is a shopping arcade in Cardiff, South Wales. The Royal Arcade is the oldest arcade in Cardiff, being built in 1858, it is a Grade II listed building. In 1861, a free library was set up by voluntary subscription above the St Mary Street entrance to the Royal Arcade in Cardiff. Before the end of the 19th century the Cardiff School of art was using rooms above the arcade with students such as J. M. Staniforth and Goscombe John attending. Running east–west from The Hayes to St Mary's Street, parallel but to the south of the Morgan Arcade, it also runs under David Morgan's department store. After Morgans bought the Royal Arcade, the family formed a holding company called the Cardiff Arcade Company, which owned and operated both the Royal and the Morgan arcades. After the agreed closure of David Morgan's, the property assets inside the various holdings companies were sold in late 2004 for £25 million to property firm Helical Bar. David Morgan Limited, Deymel Investments Limited and the Cardiff Arcade Company Limited are now all in liquidation. Between 2007 and 2008 the whole site was refurbished by Helical Bar, with the arcades restored. The companies spent £30M on restoring both the Morgan and Royal arcades, with some first-floor Venetian windows and original wooden storefronts still surviving. Today the Royal Arcade still has some of the original shopfronts at numbers 29, 30 and 32 on St. Mary Street. Running direct opposite from the new St. David's 2 development and close to Cardiff Central Library, a variety of independent shops are still to be found such as Wally's Delicatessen, who have been in the arcade for 60 years, and those specialising in Welsh textiles, gifts and homeware.

text:
# Royal Arcade, Cardiff

The **Royal Arcade** is a shopping arcade in Cardiff, South Wales.

The Royal Arcade is the oldest arcade in Cardiff, being built in 1858, it is a Grade II listed building. In 1861, a free library was set up by voluntary subscription above the St Mary Street entrance to the Royal Arcade in Cardiff. Before the end of the 19th century the Cardiff School of art was using rooms above the arcade with students such as J. M. Staniforth and Goscombe John attending. Running east–west from The Hayes to St Mary's Street, parallel but to the south of the Morgan Arcade, it also runs under David Morgan's department store. After Morgans bought the Royal Arcade, the family formed a holding company called the Cardiff Arcade Company, which owned and operated both the Royal and the Morgan arcades.

After the agreed closure of David Morgan's, the property assets inside the various holdings companies were sold in late 2004 for £25 million to property firm Helical Bar. David Morgan Limited, Deymel Investments Limited and the Cardiff Arcade Company Limited are now all in liquidation.

Between 2007 and 2008 the whole site was refurbished by Helical Bar, with the arcades restored. The companies spent £30M on restoring both the Morgan and Royal arcades, with some first-floor Venetian windows and original wooden storefronts still surviving.

Today the Royal Arcade still has some of the original shopfronts at numbers 29, 30 and 32 on St. Mary Street. Running direct opposite from the new St. David's 2 development and close to Cardiff Central Library, a variety of independent shops are still to be found such as Wally's Delicatessen, who have been in the arcade for 60 years, and those specialising in Welsh textiles, gifts and homeware.

Media related to Royal Arcade, Cardiff at Wikimedia Commons

51°28′43″N 3°10′37″W / 51.4785°N 3.1769°W / 51.4785; -3.1769


title: Boogers Are My Beat

abstract: Boogers Are My Beat is a book containing a collection of articles written by Pulitzer Prize winning humor columnist Dave Barry. It was originally published by Crown Publishing Group in 2003. Collecting columns written by Barry spanning the years 1999–2002, featured sections include his coverage of the 2000 Presidential Election (particularly its Democratic and Republican National Conventions, held in Los Angeles, California and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, respectively, that year. Also included are two feature, non-humor columns regarding the September 11, 2001, terror attacks. The first describes his emotions of despair and anger in the days following the disaster, with the second acting as a follow-up to the fate of United Flight 93 almost a full year following the events.

text:
# Boogers Are My Beat

***Boogers Are My Beat*** is a book containing a collection of articles written by Pulitzer Prize winning humor columnist Dave Barry. It was originally published by Crown Publishing Group in 2003.

Collecting columns written by Barry spanning the years 1999–2002, featured sections include his coverage of the 2000 Presidential Election (particularly its Democratic and Republican National Conventions, held in Los Angeles, California and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, respectively, that year.

Also included are two feature, non-humor columns regarding the September 11, 2001, terror attacks. The first describes his emotions of despair and anger in the days following the disaster, with the second acting as a follow-up to the fate of United Flight 93 almost a full year following the events.

## InfoBox

Boogers Are My Beat
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Dave Barry |
| Publisher | Crown Publishing Group |
| Publication date | 2003 |


title: Rozagás

abstract: Rozagás is one of eight parishes in Peñamellera Alta, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain. The population is 38.

text:
# Rozagás

**Rozagás** is one of eight parishes (administrative divisions) in Peñamellera Alta, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 38 (INE 2007).

43°20′00″N 4°46′00″W / 43.333333°N 4.766667°W / 43.333333; -4.766667

## InfoBox

| Rozagás | |
| --- | --- |
| Parish | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Asturias |
| Province | Asturias |
| Municipality | Peñamellera Alta |


title: Rudgy Pajany

abstract: Rudgy Pajany is a French singer specialised in covers of 1960's, 1970's and 1980's songs. He is more particularly known for his titles Mistral Gagnant and En Silence

text:
# Rudgy Pajany

**Rudgy Pajany** (born **Jérôme Pajany**, on July 6, 1990 in Dakar) is a French singer specialised in covers of 1960's, 1970's and 1980's songs. He is more particularly known for his titles *Mistral Gagnant* (out in 2013) and *En Silence* (out in 2015)

## Biography

Rudgy Pajany has gained some international notoriety owing to diffusion through medias of the whole world (Italy, United States, France) of his *Mistral Gagnant* and *En Silence* covers.

In 2016 the album Pluie D'été was out, the first single of which was En Silence. This album also includes a song written by Hervé Vilard for Rudgy Pajany, J'ne serai jamais

## Discography

### Albums

* Mes Jours (2014)
* Pluie d'été (2015)
* Pluie D'été édition spéciale (2018)

**Next album (2018)**

During his last interview at the radio station Chérie80’s, the artist announced his next album would be out in 2018.

### Singles

* MIstral Gagnant (2013)
* La Bohème (2014)
* En Silence (2015)
* Objectif Terre (2015)
* Mon Amant de St Jean (2016)
* Maman (2017)

## InfoBox

| Rudgy Pajany | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Born | (1990-07-06) July 6, 1990 |
| Origin | Dakar, Sénégal |
| Genres | Pop, French Variété, soul |
| Occupation | Vocalist |
| Years active | 2013–present |
| Labels | Universal Music France |


title: Bothasig

abstract: Bothasig is a suburban area of the City of Cape Town in Western Cape, South Africa. It is located north of Edgemead and east of Milnerton. It is located approximately 15 km north-east of the Cape Town city centre. Developed as a township mainly for Tradesmen/women and their families with a max income of R140 a month and laid out on the farm Bosmansdam, which it was initially named after, but renamed in 1966 after P W Botha, then Minister of Community Development and subsequently Prime Minister and State President of the Republic of South Africa. Bothasig is an area located toward the west of the province Western Cape in South Africa. The area is very community focused and hosts the Bothasig Football Club alongside the Bothasig Baseball Club.

text:
# Bothasig

**Bothasig** is a suburban area of the City of Cape Town in Western Cape, South Africa. It is located north of Edgemead and east of Milnerton. It is located approximately 15 km north-east of the Cape Town city centre.

Developed as a township mainly for Tradesmen/women and their families with a max income of R140 a month and laid out on the farm Bosmansdam, which it was initially named after, but renamed in 1966 after P W Botha, then Minister of Community Development and subsequently Prime Minister and State President of the Republic of South Africa.

Bothasig is an area located toward the west of the province Western Cape in South Africa. The area is very community focused and hosts the Bothasig Football Club (Abe Sher Stadium) alongside the Bothasig Baseball Club.

## InfoBox

| Bothasig | |
| --- | --- |
| BothasigBothasig | |
| Coordinates: 33°51′34″S 18°32′23″E / 33.85944°S 18.53972°E / -33.85944; 18.53972 | |
| Country | South Africa |
| Province | Western Cape |
| Municipality | City of Cape Town |
| Main Place | Milnerton |
| Area | |
| Total | 4.07 km2 (1.57 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 11,790 |
| Density | 2,900/km2 (7,500/sq mi) |
| Racial makeup (2011) | |
| Black African | 6.2% |
| Coloured | 14.1% |
| Indian/Asian | 1.3% |
| White | 76.7% |
| Other | 1.6% |
| First languages (2011) | |
| English | 70.4% |
| Afrikaans | 25.2% |
| Xhosa | 2.0% |
| Other | 2.3% |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (SAST) |
| Postal code (street) | 7441 |
| PO box | 7406 |


title: Bothaville

abstract: Bothaville is a maize farming town situated near the Vaal River in the Lejweleputswa DM of the Free State province, South Africa. It is situated 60 km east of the Vaal, on the bank of its Vals River tributary. Bothaville and the adjacent Kgotsong township have a total of approximately 46,000 residents.

text:
# Bothaville

**Bothaville** is a maize farming town situated near the Vaal River in the Lejweleputswa DM of the Free State province, South Africa. It is situated 60 km east of the Vaal, on the bank of its Vals River tributary. Bothaville and the adjacent Kgotsong township have a total of approximately 46,000 residents.

## History

A 'church town', Botharnia, was established in 1891 on a portion of Gladdedrift farm, by Voortrekker JP van Wyk who left Pretoria after religious persecution. The town was renamed Bothaville in 1893, after Theunis Louis Botha, the original owner of the farm.

The Battle of Doornkraal took place some distance south of town on 6 November 1900. Doornkraal Monument is a granite memorial built in honour of Boers who died here in the surprise attack by British soldiers. Some of the Boer soldiers were buried in a communal grave.

The town received municipal status in 1914. It was recently amalgamated into the Nala Local Municipality, along with Wesselsbron and a part of the Vetvaal rural council.

### Wall of Remembrance

In NAMPO Park lies the Wall of Remembrance, a monument erected in 2007, in remembrance of all the commercial farmers and farm-workers who have died in farm-murders in South Africa since May 1961. The memorial consists of nine pillars, representing each province, and a statue of a farmer holding a Bible.

## Agriculture

Bothaville lies in the centre of the *maize triangle*, thus surrounded by vast maizelands, some irrigated from the Vals and Vaal Rivers. Other agricultural activities are sheep, sunflower, wheat and peanuts.

### NAMPO Harvest Day

The **NAMPO agricultural trade show**, known as "Nampo Harvest Day" or "Nampo Oesdag", has been held annually at Bothaville since 1974. Described as one of the largest in the world, it attracted some 70,000 visitors in recent years. It is held in the middle week of May at Nampo Park just north of town. The show, organised by Grain South Africa (GSA), features a large variety of agricultural machinery and livestock.

## InfoBox

| Bothaville | |
| --- | --- |
| Bothaville Church | |
| BothavilleBothaville | |
| Coordinates: 27°23′S 26°37′E / 27.383°S 26.617°E / -27.383; 26.617 | |
| Country | South Africa |
| Province | Free State |
| District | Lejweleputswa |
| Municipality | Nala |
| Established | 1889 |
| Area | |
| Total | 43.0 km2 (16.6 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 46,030 |
| Density | 1,100/km2 (2,800/sq mi) |
| Racial makeup (2011) | |
| Black African | 93.8% |
| Coloured | 0.6% |
| Indian/Asian | 0.2% |
| White | 5.1% |
| Other | 0.3% |
| First languages (2011) | |
| Sotho | 72.9% |
| Xhosa | 9.1% |
| Afrikaans | 6.5% |
| Tswana | 3.9% |
| Other | 7.7% |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (SAST) |
| Postal code (street) | 9660 |
| PO box | 9660 |
| Area code | 056 |


title: Bothel, Lower Saxony

abstract: Bothel is a municipality in the district of Rotenburg, Germany in the Stade Geest region of central Lower Saxony. It has 2,500 inhabitants. Bothel was founded by workers of the nearby Trochel Forest. The name developed from Borstel which is Old Saxon and means "little woods". Bothel belonged to the Prince-Bishopric of Verden, established in 1180. In 1648 the Prince-Bishopric was transformed into the Principality of Verden, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown – interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712–1715) – and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1807 the ephemeric Kingdom of Westphalia annexed the Principality, before France annexed it in 1810. In 1813 the Principality was restored to the Electorate of Hanover, which – after its upgrade to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814 – incorporated the Principality in a real union and the Princely territory, including Bothel, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823. Today the community has an old town part with typical Low Saxon farm houses and a modern center with town hall, schools and shopping facilities. So Bothel is important for the surrounding villages. Bothel is also the seat of the Samtgemeinde Bothel.

text:
# Bothel, Lower Saxony

**Bothel** is a municipality in the district of Rotenburg, Germany in the Stade Geest region of central Lower Saxony. It has 2,500 inhabitants. Bothel was founded by workers of the nearby *Trochel Forest*. The name developed from *Borstel* which is Old Saxon and means "little woods".

Bothel belonged to the Prince-Bishopric of Verden, established in 1180. In 1648 the Prince-Bishopric was transformed into the Principality of Verden, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown – interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712–1715) – and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1807 the ephemeric Kingdom of Westphalia annexed the Principality, before France annexed it in 1810. In 1813 the Principality was restored to the Electorate of Hanover, which – after its upgrade to the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814 – incorporated the Principality in a real union and the Princely territory, including Bothel, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823.

Today the community has an old town part with typical Low Saxon farm houses and a modern center with town hall, schools and shopping facilities. So Bothel is important for the surrounding villages.

Bothel is also the seat of the *Samtgemeinde* ("collective municipality") Bothel.

## InfoBox

| Bothel | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Location of Bothel within Rotenburg district | |
| Bothel Bothel | |
| Coordinates: 53°4′N 9°30′E / 53.067°N 9.500°E / 53.067; 9.500 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Lower Saxony |
| District | Rotenburg |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Erika Schmidt (SPD) |
| Area | |
| Total | 16.75 km2 (6.47 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 30 m (100 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 2,448 |
| Density | 150/km2 (380/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 27386 |
| Dialling codes | 04266 |
| Vehicle registration | ROW |
| Website | bothel.de |


title: Stephen G. Cecchetti

abstract:
Stephen G Cecchetti is an American economist who has been the Barbara and Richard M Rosenberg Professor of Global Finance at Brandeis International Business School.
His principal fields of interest are macroeconomics, monetary economics, financial economics, monetary policy, central banking, and the supply of money.

text:
# Stephen G. Cecchetti

**Stephen G Cecchetti** (born August 18, 1956) is an American economist who has been the Barbara and Richard M Rosenberg Professor of Global Finance at Brandeis International Business School. His principal fields of interest are macroeconomics, monetary economics, financial economics, monetary policy, central banking, and the supply of money.

## Biography

Cecchetti was born in Berkeley, California on August 18, 1956. He received a bachelor's degree from MIT in 1977, M.A. from the University of California at Berkeley in 1979, and his Ph.D, also from Berkeley. His dissertation (PhD, 1981) covered inflation. His more recent contributions to academic research have focused on the role of debt and finance in Economic growth, and on improving the resilience of the financial system.

## Professional career

From 1982 to 1987, Cecchetti was assistant professor of economics, Graduate School of Business Administration, New York University. He then became assistant professor in the Department of Economics at Ohio State University, rising to associate professor in 1989, and to professor in 1992.

During that period he also held visiting faculty appointments at, Nuffield College, Oxford, Oxford University, Melbourne University, at Boston College, Princeton University, he was a professor at the Department of Economics, Ohio State University from 1992 to 2002.

### Brandeis

From 2003 to 2008, he was the Barbara and Richard M Rosenberg Professor of Global Finance at the Brandeis International Business School.

Cecchetti returned to Brandeis in the winter of 2013 after serving for a time at the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) (see below).

### Bank for International Settlements

In June 2008, he left Brandeis to become economic adviser and head of the Monetary and Economic Department of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) and a member of the executive committee of the BIS. While at the BIS, he managed the research, statistics and publications produced by the BIS. This has included the preparation of the meetings of central bank governors of the world's largest economies, who gather at the BIS every two months. Various committees of central bankers and financial supervisors are based at the BIS, and as head of the Department, it was his responsibility to oversee their activities. Most prominent in this last group is the Basel Committee for Banking Supervision, which sets international standards for bank regulation and supervision.

### Other activities

From August 1997 to September 1999, Cecchetti was executive vice president and director of research at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Earlier, he had been for short periods a visiting scholar at the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City (Winter-Spring 1986), and a research economist at the National Commission for Employment Policy, Washington, D.C., Summer 1981.

## Publications

Cecchetti was editor of the Journal of Money, Credit and Banking from 1992-2001.

He is the author of the textbook *Money, Banking and Financial Markets*, published by McGraw-Hill. It was first published in 2006, with a 2nd edition in 2008. A third edition as published with Kermit Schoenholtz as co-author in 2011. He has written numerous articles on macroeconomics and monetary policy. He has been a regular contributor to the *Financial Times* and is a founding contributor of VOX, a policy portal.

## InfoBox

| Stephen G. Cecchetti | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1956-08-18) August 18, 1956
Berkeley, CA, US |
| Education | Ph.D., University of California at Berkeley, 1982;
M.A., University of California at Berkeley, 1979;

S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 1977 |


title: Biel family with Ostoja coat of arms

abstract: The Biel family - a Polish noble family with the Ostoja coat of arms, belonging to the heraldic Clan Ostoja (Moscics) originating from Błeszno.

text:
# Biel family with Ostoja coat of arms

The **Biel** family - a Polish noble family with the Ostoja coat of arms, belonging to the heraldic Clan Ostoja (Moscics) originating from Błeszno (now a district of Częstochowa in the southern part of the city).

## The oldest source certificates concerning the family

## The estates belonging to the family

Listed below are the most important land properties belonging to Biel of the Ostoja coat of arms.

Błeszno, Kakawa (like Kokawa), Wrzosowa, Biała Mała i Wielka, Wilkowiecko, Kamyk, Libidza, Mierzanów (a mill settlement, a village that does not exist today), Stare Borowno (like Kuźnica Kiedrzyńska), Kuźnica Błeszyńska (like Słowik), Kiedrzyn, Jaworzno.

## Family representatives

## The legend of the castle in Błeszno

The castle in Błeszno was most likely erected by Abel Biel, which is recorded in the sources in the years 1373–1414. Archaeological research and modest source descriptions show that the main element of the fortifications was a stone residential tower. The oldest records about this object come from the 15th century. Today, only the elements of the earth mound remain after this castle-tower in the wet area in the southern part of Błeszno. Even today, a living legend related to this castle is known among the oldest inhabitants of Błeszno. It was described and published by Juliana Zinkowa in the work entitled Legends and legends of the Jurassic route. The author in this study wrote as follows:

> There was a large castle near Błeszno. It was held by a rich knight. He maintained a detachment of his own army, with which he set off on military expeditions more than once at the call of the king. Many courtiers were also seasoned for military service. There was a separate chapel in the castle, to which the gentleman would often go and sink in fervent prayer. Everyone considered him extremely pious. Once, however, a serious disagreement arose between him and the king, and they quarreled with each other. The knight revolted against the king. He sent a large army unit to tame the rebel. The knight faced him with all the strength he could. There was an armed clash in which the owner of the castle became the winner. Then he became proud and declared that he was equal to God in the eyes of his soldiers and of the captive royal captives. At that moment, the earth opened wide and engulfed the castle and all its inhabitants, and the whole area was flooded with water and a boggy swamp was formed. Flames roamed over this quagmire on dark nights. It was said that they were the souls of the blasphemous knight and his servants.

## Footnotes

1. K. Niesiecki, *Herbarz polski*, wyd. J.N. Bobrowicz, Lipsk 1839-1845, t. VII, s. 173.
2. A. Boniecki, *Herbarz polski*, Warszawa 1889-1913, t. I, s. 212.
3. S. Uruski, *Rodzina. Herbarz szlachty polskiej*, Warszawa 1904-1931, t. I, s. 174.
4. T. Jurek (red.), *Słownik historyczno-geograficzny ziem polskich w średniowieczu*, Instytut Historii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 2010-2019, Kraków, część I, s. 130-131.
5. J. Sperka, *Otoczenie Władysława Opolczyka w latach 1370-1401*, Katowice 2006, s. 175-177
6. T. Jurek (red.), *Słownik historyczno-geograficzny ziem polskich w średniowieczu*, Instytut Historii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 2010-2019, Wieluń, s. 88.
7. J. Laberschek, *Częstochowa i jej okolice w średniowieczu*, Kraków 2006, s. 117.
8. A. Jaśkiewicz, *Jasna Góra*, wyd. 1, Warszawa 1986, s. 7
9. J. Korytkowski, *Prałaci i kanonicy katedry metropolitalnej gnieźnieńskiej od roku 1000 aż do dni naszych. Podług źródeł archiwalnych*, Gniezno 1883, T. 1, s. 119-120
10. T. Jurek (red.), *Słownik historyczno-geograficzny ziem polskich w średniowieczu*, Instytut Historii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 2010-2019, Kraków, część I, s. 65.
11. T. Jurek (red.), *Słownik historyczno-geograficzny ziem polskich w średniowieczu*, Instytut Historii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 2010-2019, Kraków, część IV, s. 425.
12. T. Jurek (red.), *Słownik historyczno-geograficzny ziem polskich w średniowieczu*, Instytut Historii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 2010-2019, Kraków, część I, s. 191.
13. T. Jurek (red.), *Słownik historyczno-geograficzny ziem polskich w średniowieczu*, Instytut Historii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 2010-2019, Kraków, część III, s. 383-384.
14. J. Laberschek, Bielowie herbu Ostoja i ich zamek w Błesznie na tle polityki obronnej panujących w drugiej połowie XIV wieku, \[w:\] Zeszyty Historyczne, T. 1, Częstochowa 1993, s. 303.
15. J. Laberschek, Bielowie herbu Ostoja i ich zamek w Błesznie na tle polityki obronnej panujących w drugiej połowie XIV wieku, \[w:\] Zeszyty Historyczne, T. 1, Częstochowa 1993, s. 302.
16. J. Laberschek, Bielowie herbu Ostoja i ich zamek w Błesznie na tle polityki obronnej panujących w drugiej połowie XIV wieku, \[w:\] Zeszyty Historyczne, T. 1, Częstochowa 1993, s. 301-302.
17. J. Laberschek, Bielowie herbu Ostoja i ich zamek w Błesznie na tle polityki obronnej panujących w drugiej połowie XIV wieku, \[w:\] Zeszyty Historyczne, T. 1, Częstochowa 1993, s. 291-306.
18. *condam de Blaschno* \- niegdyś z Błeszna.
19. J. Laberschek, *Częstochowa i jej okolice w średniowieczu*, Kraków 2006, s. 119.
20. J. Laberschek, *Częstochowa i jej okolice w średniowieczu*, Kraków 2006, s. 116-117.
21. J. Zinkow, *Podania i legendy szlaku jurajskiego: od Wielunia po Ogrodzieniec, Pilicę*, Częstochowa: COIT; Warszawa: „Omnipress”, 1986, s. 12-14.

## Bibliography

* K. Niesiecki, *Herbarz polski*, wyd. J.N. Bobrowicz, Lipsk 1839–1845, t. VII, s. 173.
* A. Boniecki, *Herbarz polski*, Warszawa 1889–1913, t. I, s. 212.
* S. Uruski, *Rodzina. Herbarz szlachty polskiej*, Warszawa 1904–1931, t. I, s. 174.
* J. Laberschek, *Bielowie herbu Ostoja i ich zamek w Błesznie na tle polityki obronnej panujących w drugiej połowie XIV wieku*, \[w:\] Zeszyty Historyczne, T. 1, Częstochowa 1993, s. 291–306.
* J. Laberschek, *Częstochowa i jej okolice w średniowieczu*, Kraków 2006, s. 97, 99, 117–121, 125–138, 151.
* J. Korytkowski, *Prałaci i kanonicy katedry metropolitalnej gnieźnieńskiej od roku 1000 aż do dni naszych. Podług źródeł archiwalnych*, Gniezno 1883, T. 1, s. 119–120.
* J. Sperka, *Otoczenie Władysława Opolczyka w latach 1370-1401*, Katowice 2006, s. 175–177.
* T. Jurek (red.), *Słownik historyczno-geograficzny ziem polskich w średniowieczu*, Instytut Historii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Kraków, część I-IV, 2010–2019.