abstract: SRI International, Inc. v. Internet Security Systems, Inc., 511 F.3d 1186, was a patent infringement case which determined whether technical documents placed on a company's FTP server could be considered prior art as defined by 35 U.S.C. § 102(b). The United States District Court for the District of Delaware had held four of SRI International's patents invalid due to prior art considerations. A three-member panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit reversed and remanded the District Court decision. The decision is particularly relevant to patent law because it set the precedent for treatment of electronic information under the Federal Circuit's public accessibility precedents for prior art. The decision is also notable for an impassioned dissent-in-part filed by Judge Kimberly A. Moore.

text:
# SRI International, Inc. v. Internet Security Systems, Inc.

***SRI International, Inc. v. Internet Security Systems, Inc.***, 511 F.3d 1186 (Fed. Cir. 2008), was a patent infringement case which determined whether technical documents placed on a company's FTP server could be considered prior art as defined by 35 U.S.C. § 102(b). The United States District Court for the District of Delaware had held four of SRI International's patents invalid due to prior art considerations.

A three-member panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit reversed and remanded the District Court decision. The decision is particularly relevant to patent law because it set the precedent for treatment of electronic information under the Federal Circuit's public accessibility precedents for prior art. The decision is also notable for an impassioned dissent-in-part filed by Judge Kimberly A. Moore.

## Background

The case involved four United States patents filed by SRI International, Inc. (SRI). SRI attempted to license these patents to Symantec and Internet Security Systems (ISS). When these negotiations broke down SRI filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court of the District of Delaware, alleging that the patents were infringed by Symantec's ManHunt product and by ISS's Site Protector and Proventia products. Symantec and ISS moved for summary judgement that their products were non-infringing; the motion was denied. ISS and Symantec then moved for summary judgement that the patents were invalid due to prior art considerations.

### Patents

All of the patents stem form a patent application filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office by SRI on November 9, 1998. The patents involved methods for network intrusion detection.

#### Patent Nos. 6,484,203 (the '203' patent)

The '203' patent was approved on November 19, 2002. It outlined a computer-automated method for network monitoring and analysis where network monitors are deployed at gateways, routers or proxy servers. The network monitors detect suspicious network activities based on analysis of network traffic data from information included in the network packet. The suspicious activity is reported to other networks allowing appropriate counter-measures to be applied.

#### Patent Nos. 6,711,615 (the '615' patent)

The '615' patent was approved on March 23, 2004. Similar to the '203' patent, it also outlined a computer-automated method for network monitoring and analysis.

#### Patent Nos. 6,321,338 (the '338' patent)

The '338' patent was approved on November 20, 2001. It described a particular statistical algorithm for detecting suspicious network activity. In this method a long-term and short-term statistical profile was created from information in the network packets. The short-term profile could then be compared to the long-term profile pointing out changes in network activity, an indication of suspicious network activity.

#### Patent Nos. 6,708,212 (the '212' patent)

The '212' patent was approved on March 16, 2004. It described the combination of the statistical algorithm described in the '338' patent with the network monitoring methods described in the '203' and '615' patents.

### Prior art

According to 35 U.S.C. § 102(b), a patent is invalid if "the invention was patented or described in a printed publication in this or a foreign country or in public use or on sale in this country, more than one year prior to the date of the application for patent in the United States". Since the patent application was filed on November 9, 1998, prior art determination focused on the date of November 9, 1997.

The opinions of this case concentrated on four prominent cases in the determination of a document as a "printed publication". *In re Bayer*, *In re Hall*, and *In re Cronyn* were known as "thesis/library" cases and were used to define the boundaries of public accessibility of a printed document. The boundaries of public accessibility for a presentation were described in *In re Klopfenstein*, which is referred to as a dissemination case.

### Papers

Disputes over patent validity were focused on the existence of two papers on SRI's website.

#### EMERALD 1997

The EMERALD paper was presented to the National Information Systems Security Conference (NISSC) as "Event Monitoring Enabling Responses to Anomalous Live Disturbances". EMERALD was described as a new approach to network surveillance with a streamlined event-analysis system combining signature analysis with statistical profiling. This paper provided part of the description for the '212' patent. This paper was published in October 1997.

#### Live Traffic Paper

The Live Traffic paper was presented at the Internet Society's Networks and Distributed System Security (NDSS) Symposium as "Live Traffic Analysis of TCP/IP Gateways". The paper described statistical and signature-based techniques to monitor network traffic. Methods for the '212', '615', '338', and '203' patents were all described in this paper. The paper was published on SRI's website on November 10, 1997. Prior to this publication, the paper had been available on SRI's FTP server starting on August 1, 1997.

## District court analysis

The case was heard by District Judge Sue Lewis Robinson on October 17, 2006. She held that the EMERALD paper enabled the '212' patent and that the Live Traffic paper qualified as prior art before November 9, 1997.

The validity of the '212' patent hinged on the description given in the EMERALD paper. SRI argued the EMERALD paper was a "statement of intent" and could not be accomplished by a person with ordinary skill. SSI and Symantec contended that the details for implementing these methods were within the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill. Robinson concluded that the '212' patent was anticipated by the EMERALD paper over a year in advance of the patent application and was therefore invalid.

The prior art qualification for the Live Traffic paper centered on the public accessibility of a document available on a FTP server. SRI argued that the FTP site was not publicly accessible because one would need the complete FTP address to view the paper. Additionally, the posting was not indexed and could only be found by an ordinary skilled user through "dumb luck". Symantec and SSI countered that on multiple occasions SRI had provided links to the FTP site to multiple members of the intrusion detection community. Furthermore, SRI's FTP site had been referenced by Google Groups and was widely regarded as a repository of information for computer security. Robinson's examination of the case evidence noted that no attempts were made to limit access via password security. Robinson deemed the Live Traffic paper publicly accessible as established by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in the precedent cases *In re Bayer*, *In re Hall*, *In re Cronyn*, and *In re Klopfenstein*. As such, Robinson ruled that the Live Traffic paper constituted as prior art and that the patents described in the publication were invalid.

SRI subsequently appealed the decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.

## Appeals court analysis

A three-member panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit issued a decision on January 8, 2008. Writing for the majority, Chief Judge Randall R. Rader upheld the District Court's decision that the '212' patent was enabled by the EMERALD paper and therefore invalid. However, he concluded that there were issues of material fact about whether the Live Traffic paper constituted prior art. Since a grant of summary judgment requires that there be no remaining issues of material fact between the parties, the majority vacated and remanded the District Court's grant of summary judgment that the Live Traffic paper invalidated the '203', '212', '338', and '615' patents.

In the decision, Rader discerned that there were two lines of Federal Circuit precedents which applied to the case. In the "library/thesis" line of cases, the Federal Circuit had set precedents regarding how the storage of documents affected their accessibility to persons interested and skilled in the field, and thus their status as prior art. In the "dissemination" line of cases, the Federal Circuit had set precedents regarding how dissemination of the document to persons interested and skilled in the field affected their accessibility and thus their status as prior art. As elements of both storage and dissemination occurred in *SRI International*, Rader's analysis attempted to determine where the case stood in relation to these precedents.

### Library/thesis case analysis

As "library/thesis" precedents, Rader cited the Federal Circuit case *In re Bayer*, which had held that a graduate school thesis that had not been cataloged or placed on library shelves, and that was only known to the three faculty members who served on the thesis committee, did not qualify as a printed publication. Rader also cited the Federal Circuit case *In re Cronyn*, in which a thesis was placed in a library and indexed by the author's last name, and was determined not to qualify as a printed publication. Rader acknowledged that *SRI International* had elements in common with *In Re Bayer*. His analysis likened the uncatalogued nature of the thesis in the library to the posting of the Live Traffic paper on an FTP server which did not allow for searching and did not contain an index. According to Rader, the fact that Porras emailed direct links to those accessing the papers showed that a person skilled in the field would not have been able to access the Live Traffic Paper. Moreover, Rader argued that the public accessibility was less compelling for *SRI International* than it was for *In re Bayer*, as the document in the former case was in pre-publication review, while the thesis in the latter had already been completed.

### Dissemination case analysis

As a "dissemination" precedent, Rader cited the Federal Circuit case *In re Klopfenstein*, which held that information presented on posters at professional conferences qualified as prior art, as the sole intent of such a poster is to publicly communicate research results. Rader recognized that, similar to the posters at a conference, the Live Traffic paper was posted in an open forum and might have been available to anyone with knowledge of FTP and the structure of SRI's FTP server. Unlike the posters at a conference, however, existence of the Live Traffic paper was not publicized or put in a location in which it could be viewed by interested people. According to Rader, SRI's posting of the Live Traffic paper on its FTP server was most similar to "placing posters at an unpublicized conference with no attendees".

### Decision

Rader found that the Live Traffic paper was in a situation much more similar to the uncatalogued thesis in *In re Bayer* than the publicly disseminated posters in *In re Klopfenstein*. Rader concluded that the pre-publication Live Traffic paper could not be considered catalogued or indexed in a meaningful way and was not intended to be disseminated to the public. Rader concluded that, without additional information about the structure of SRI's FTP server, genuine issues of fact should have prevented the Delaware District Court from rendering summary judgment on the patent invalidity issues. The Federal Circuit thus vacated and remanded the Delaware District Court's determination of invalidity based on the Live Traffic paper.

## Moore's dissent-in-part

Judge Kimberly A. Moore filed a detailed dissent-in-part, agreeing with the majority's decision that the EMERALD paper was enabling, but holding that the Live Traffic paper was publicly accessible and thus a prior art bar to patent validity. According to Moore, SRI failed to show evidence that there were genuine issues of material fact which would prohibit summary judgment, as required by Rule 56(e) of the Federal Rules for Civil Procedure . Moore argued that the defendants had met the burden of showing that the Live Traffic paper was publicly accessible, both from the "library/thesis" standpoint and the "dissemination" standpoint, while SRI had failed to provide any contrary evidence which would prevent summary judgment.

Moore analyzed the case under the same precedents as those cited by the majority. She concluded that whereas the thesis in *In re Bayer* had not been catalogued, the structure of SRI's FTP server made the Live Traffic paper publicly accessible. According to Moore, the defendants had presented evidence that, given the host address for SRI's FTP server, one only needed to enter two directories to obtain the Live Traffic paper. The paper was stored under a directory titled "EMERALD", which she argued would have been an obvious searching place for anyone looking for information on the project. Moreover, the Live Traffic paper was stored under the name "ndss98.ps", the acronym for 1998 Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, a well-known conference. This evidence, according to Moore, was sufficient for a determination that the Live Traffic paper was not at all similar to the thesis in *In re Bayer*. Thus, Moore held that the "library/thesis" cases could not be applied to deny the defendants their motion for summary judgment of patent invalidity.

Moore also analyzed the case under the precedents set by the "dissemination" cases. In discussing the pertinence of *In re Klopfenstein*, Moore analyzed each of that case's four requirements for patent invalidity due to public disseminations. According to Moore, the Live Traffic paper was available on the FTP server 24 hours per day for seven days, longer than the three days during which the posters from *In re Klopfenstein* were displayed. Thus, the Live Traffic paper met the first requirement of being available for longer than a transient period. Moreover, SRI had admitted during oral arguments that the target audience of the paper was members of the Internet security community. The defendants showed that this community included people who knew how to use SRI's FTP server and actually used it to share information. Thus, the FTP server met the second requirement of being accessible to experts in the field. Furthermore, neither Porras nor SRI took any steps to ensure that the paper would not be copied. Porras emailed links to the paper to many people outside of SRI and failed to take protective measures such as non-disclosure agreements or even disclaimers. Thus, the Live Traffic paper met the third requirement of failing to create a reasonable expectation that the work would not be copied. Finally, the very nature of the Live Traffic paper as an electronic document forced it to meet the fourth requirement that the document be easy to copy. Thus, Moore held that the "dissemination" cases clearly showed that the Live Traffic paper was publicly accessible.

## Critical analysis

*SRI International* is discussed at length in patent attorney Eric Guttag's treatise *Applying the Printed Publication Bar in the Internet Age*. Guttag argues that *SRI International* has contributed to a growing confusion about whether electronic documents should be considered printed publications due to the Federal Circuit's conflation between the "dissemination" of a document and whether the document is publicly accessible, as in the "library/thesis" cases. Guttag is highly critical of the majority opinion's decision to simply cite *In Re Bayer* and *In Re Klopfenstein* without any real analysis and agrees that Judge Moore's much more careful analysis of the factors enunciated in *In Re Klopfenstein* are hard to overcome. Guttag concludes, however, that the simple fact that there is a disagreement between Moore and the majority is sufficient to support the majority's assertion that there are issues of material fact in the case and that summary judgment of invalidity is inappropriate.

## InfoBox

| SRI International, Inc. v. Internet Security Systems, Inc. | |
| --- | --- |
| Court | United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit |
| Full case name | *SRI International, Inc. v. Internet Security Systems, Inc. (a Delaware Corporation) and Internet Security Systems, Inc. (a Georgia Corporation), and Symantec Corporation* |
| Decided | January 8, 2008 |
| Citations | 511 F.3d 1186; 85 U.S.P.Q.2d 1489 |
| Case history | |
| Prior history | 456 F. Supp. 2d 623 (D. Del. 2006) |
| Court membership | |
| Judges sitting | Randall R. Rader, Haldane Robert Mayer, Kimberly A. Moore |
| Case opinions | |
| Majority | Rader, joined by Mayer |
| Concur/dissent | Moore |
| Laws applied | |
| 35 U.S.C. § 102(b) | |


title: 2007 McDonald's All-American Girls Game

abstract: The 2007 McDonald's All-American Girls Game was an All-star basketball game played on Wednesday, March 28, 2007, at Freedom Hall in Louisville, Kentucky, United States, home of the University of Louisville Cardinals. The game's rosters featured the best and most highly recruited high school girls graduating in 2007. The game was the 6th annual version of the McDonald's All-American Game first played in 2002. The 48 players were selected from 2,500 nominees by a committee of basketball experts. They were chosen not only for their on-court skills, but for their performances off the court as well. Coach Morgan Wootten, who had more than 1,200 wins as head basketball coach at DeMatha High School, was chairman of the selection committee. Legendary UCLA coach John Wooden, who has been involved in the McDonald's All American Games since its inception, served as chairman of the Games and as an advisor to the selection committee. Proceeds from the 2008 McDonald's All American High School Basketball Games went to Ronald McDonald House Charities (RMHC) of Kentuckiana and its Ronald McDonald House program.

text:
# 2007 McDonald's All-American Girls Game

The **2007 McDonald's All-American Girls Game** was an All-star basketball game played on Wednesday, March 28, 2007, at Freedom Hall in Louisville, Kentucky, United States, home of the University of Louisville Cardinals. The game's rosters featured the best and most highly recruited high school girls graduating in 2007. The game was the 6th annual version of the McDonald's All-American Game first played in 2002.

The 48 players were selected from 2,500 nominees by a committee of basketball experts. They were chosen not only for their on-court skills, but for their performances off the court as well. Coach Morgan Wootten, who had more than 1,200 wins as head basketball coach at DeMatha High School, was chairman of the selection committee. Legendary UCLA coach John Wooden, who has been involved in the McDonald's All American Games since its inception, served as chairman of the Games and as an advisor to the selection committee.

Proceeds from the 2008 McDonald's All American High School Basketball Games went to Ronald McDonald House Charities (RMHC) of Kentuckiana and its Ronald McDonald House program.

## 2007 Game

The game was telecast live by ESPN. The sixth annual Girls Game kicked off an action packed evening at Freedom Hall. A crowd of nearly 12,000 fans witnessed a couple of record-breaking performances by our All American girls.

Wootten Award winner, Maya Moore (Connecticut) led the East Squad with 18 points and tied the record for most field goals in a game with eight, while Kelley Cain (Tennessee) added 10 points and a new single game record 14 rebounds.

Kayla Pedersen (Stanford) was high scorer for the West Team with 18 points. She also led the team in rebounds with 12. Other West Team notables included, Angie Bjorklund (Tennessee), who poured in 13 points and Victoria Baugh (Tennessee), who pulled down nine rebounds.

The 2007 John R. Wooden MVP Award went to Jasmine Thomas (Duke). She scored 16 points, grabbed nine rebounds and dished six assists in just 15 minutes on the court. The coaches and her All American teammates, voted Drey Mingo (Purdue) this year's Naismith Award winner for Sportsmanship during event week.

The West All Americans still lead the alltime series 4–2, but this was a memorable night for the East. They jumped out to a big halftime lead and never looked back, as they dominated the game from start to finish.

### 2007 West Roster

| # | Name | Height | Weight (lbs.) | Position | Hometown | High School | College Choice |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 22 | Victoria Baugh | 6-4 | 190 |  | Sacramento, CA, U.S. | Sacramento Charter | Tennessee |
| 12 | Angie Bjorklund | 6-0 | 165 |  | Spokane Valley, WA, U.S. | University | Tennessee |
| 20 | Stefanie Gilbreath | 6-0 | 150 |  | Katy, TX, U.S. | Cinco Ranch | USC |
| 11 | Alison Jackson | 5-11 | 140 |  | Chicago, IL, U.S. | Fenwick | Ohio State |
| 42 | Amy Jaeschke | 6-5 | 210 |  | Wilmette, IL, U.S. | New Trier Township | Northwestern |
| 50 | Italee Lucas | 5-8 | 150 |  | North Las Vegas, NV, U.S. | Centennial | North Carolina |
| 14 | Kayla Pedersen | 6-4 | 195 |  | Fountain Hills, AZ, U.S. | Red Mountain | Stanford |
| 15 | Devereaux Peters | 6-2 | 165 |  | Chicago, IL, U.S. | Fenwick | Notre Dame |
| 53 | Ta'Shia Phillips | 6-6 | 220 |  | Indianapolis, IN, U.S. | Brebeuf Jesuit Prep | Xavier |
| 32 | Jeanette Pohlen | 6-0 | 165 |  | Brea, CA, U.S. | Brea-Olinda | Stanford |
| 51 | Lenita Sanford | 6-3 | 170 |  | Inglewood, CA, U.S. | Lynwood | Cal |
| 21 | Tyra White | 6-0 | 155 |  | Kansas City, MO, U.S. | Hickman Mills | LSU |
|

### 2007 East Roster

| # | Name | Height | Weight (lbs.) | Position | Hometown | High School | College Choice |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 52 | Kelley Cain | 6-6 | 220 |  | Atlanta, GA, U.S. | St. Pius X Catholic | Tennessee |
| 24 | Ashley Cimino | 6-3 | 175 |  | Yarmouth, ME, U.S. | Catherine McAuley | Stanford |
| 23 | Cetera DeGraffenreid | 5-5 | 135 |  | Cullowhee, NC, U.S. | Smoky Mountain | North Carolina |
| 3 | Lorin Dixon | 5-4 | 125 |  | Springfield Gardens, NY, U.S. | Christ the King | Connecticut |
| 42 | Jantel Lavender | 6-4 | 215 |  | Euclid, OH, U.S. | Cleveland Central Catholic | Ohio State |
| 33 | Drey Mingo | 6-2 | 187 |  | Atlanta, GA, U.S. | Marist School | Maryland |
| 32 | Maya Moore | 6-0 | 165 |  | Lawrenceville, GA, U.S. | Collins Hill | Connecticut |
| 21 | Erica Morrow | 5-9 | 147 |  | Brooklyn, NY, U.S. | Murry Bergtraum | Syracuse |
| 5 | Khadijah Rushdan | 5-9 | 165 |  | New Castle, DE, U.S. | St. Elizabeth | Rutgers |
| 20 | Marah Strickland | 5-11 | 161 |  | Mt. Airy, MD, U.S. | Towson Catholic | Maryland |
| 15 | Jasmine Thomas | 5-9 | 140 |  | Fairfax, VA, U.S. | Oakton | Duke |
| 34 | Krystal Thomas | 6-5 | 187 |  | Windermere, FL, U.S. | The First Academy | Duke |

### Coaches

The West team was coached by:

The East team was coached by:

### Boxscore

#### Visitors: West

| ## | Player | FGM/A | 3PM/A | FTM/A | Points | Off Reb | Def Reb | Tot Reb | PF | Ast | TO | BS | ST | Min |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12 | *Angie Bjorklund | 5/16 | 2/ 9 | 1/ 2 | 13 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 23 |
| 14 | \*Kayla Pedersen | 8/15 | 0/ 2 | 2/ 3 | 18 | 7 | 5 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 22 |
| 22 | \*Victoria Baugh | 3/ 8 | 0/ 0 | 2/ 5 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 20 |
| 50 | \*Italee Lucas | 1/12 | 1/ 4 | 0/ 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 17 |
| 53 | \*Ta'Shia Phillips | 4/ 8 | 0/ 0 | 2/ 6 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 19 |
| 11 | Alison Jackson | 3/ 7 | 0/ 0 | 0/ 0 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
| 15 | Devereaux Peters | 0/ 4 | 0/ 1 | 1/ 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 17 |
| 20 | Stefanie Gilbreath |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 21 | Tyra White | 4/12 | 0/ 5 | 2/ 4 | 10 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 17 |
| 32 | Jeanette Pohlen | 0/ 6 | 0/ 2 | 3/ 4 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 18 |
| 42 | Amy Jaeschke | 2/ 6 | 0/ 2 | 0/ 1 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 16 |
| 51 | Lenita Sanford | 0/ 2 | 0/ 0 | 0/ 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 14 |
|  | Team |  |  |  |  | 2 | 2 | 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | **TOTALS** | 30/96 | 3/25 | 13/28 | 76 | 28 | 38 | 66 | 13 | 8 | 24 | 8 | 8 | 200 |
|

#### Home: East

| ## | Player | FGM/A | 3PM/A | FTM/A | Points | Off Reb | Def Reb | Tot Reb | PF | Ast | TO | BS | ST | Min |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15 | \*Jasmine Thomas | 7/17 | 2/ 5 | 0/ 0 | 16 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 15 |
| 23 | \*Cetera DeGraffenreid | 2/ 7 | 2/ 2 | 3/ 4 | 9 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 20 |
| 32 | *Maya Moore | 8/17 | 2/ 7 | 0/ 0 | 18 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 19 |
| 34 | \*Krystal Thomas | 3/ 8 | 0/ 0 | 0/ 0 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 19 |
| 52 | \*Kelley Cain | 5/ 9 | 0/ 0 | 0/ 0 | 10 | 6 | 8 | 14 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 15 |
| 3 | Lorin Dixon | 2/ 5 | 0/ 1 | 3/ 5 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
| 5 | Khadijah Rushdan | 0/ 5 | 0/ 1 | 4/ 4 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 16 |
| 20 | Marah Strickland | 5/12 | 2/ 4 | 0/ 0 | 12 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 15 |
| 21 | Erica Morrow | 2/ 8 | 0/ 1 | 0/ 0 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 16 |
| 24 | Ashley Cimino | 1/ 4 | 0/ 2 | 0/ 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 15 |
| 33 | Drey Mingo | 2/ 3 | 0/ 0 | 1/ 2 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 15 |
| 42 | Jantel Lavender | 6/11 | 0/ 0 | 0/ 0 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 18 |
|  | Team |  |  |  |  | 2 | 0 | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | **TOTALS** | 43/106 | 8/23 | 11/15 | 105 | 27 | 45 | 72 | 18 | 23 | 20 | 9 | 19 | 200 |
|

(\* = Starting Line-up)

## All-American Week

### Schedule

* Tuesday, March 27: Powerade JamFest
    + Three-Point Shoot-out
    + Timed Basketball Skills Competition
* Wednesday, March 28: 6th Annual Girls All-American Game

The Powerade JamFest is a skills-competition evening featuring basketball players who demonstrate their skills in two crowd-entertaining ways. Since the first All-American game in 2002, players have competed in a 3-point shooting challenge and a timed basketball skills competition.

### Contest winners

* The 2007 Timed Skills contest was won by Cetera DeGraffenreid.
* Italee Lucas was winner of the 2007 3-point shoot-out.

2007 McDonald's All-American Boys Game

## InfoBox

2007 McDonald's All-American Girls Game
| West **East**   76  **105** | |
| --- | --- |
| 1st half 2nd half Total  West 34 42 76  **East** 59 46 105 | |
| Date | March 28, 2007 |
| Venue | Freedom Hall, Louisville, Kentucky |
| MVP | Jasmine Thomas |
| Referees | Alicia Dukes,
Steve Meyer,
Dale Ramsey |
| Attendance | 11,632 |
| Network | ESPN |
| McDonald's All-American | |
|


title: Gaius Laelius

abstract: Gaius Laelius was a Roman general and statesman, and a friend of Scipio Africanus, whom he accompanied on his Iberian campaign and his African campaign. His command of the Roman fleet in the attack on New Carthage and command of the Roman cavalry at Zama contributed to Scipio's victories.

text:
# Gaius Laelius

**Gaius Laelius** was a Roman general and statesman, and a friend of Scipio Africanus, whom he accompanied on his Iberian campaign (210–206 BC; the Roman Hispania, comprising modern Spain and Portugal) and his African campaign (204–202 BC). His command of the Roman fleet in the attack on New Carthage and command of the Roman cavalry at Zama contributed to Scipio's victories.

## Background

According to some Roman historians, including Polybius (Book 10), Laelius was a friend of Scipio from childhood; however, his family background is obscure. This obscurity unfortunately extends to how he became acquainted with Scipio in the first place. Livy suggested that he was not from a rich family, since he wanted command of the campaign against Antiochus the Great in 190 BC to repair (or more likely make) his family fortunes.

Polybius suggests that Laelius was a companion of Scipio from their earliest days in the army together, since Laelius was apparently a witness to Scipio's rescue of his father in a skirmish that was probably the Battle of Ticinus in late 218 BC.

Laelius accompanied Scipio on various expeditions from 210 BC to 201 BC but did not begin his political career until after he returned to Rome. This lack of recognition may have been due to his relatively low social status and/or family's lack of wealth and political influence. However, given that the name 'Laelius' only begins to appear with the retelling of the Second Punic War, it may be the case that he (and his family, none of whom are mentioned before this time) is even more lowborn than is assumed.

## Military career: Laelius in Hispania (210–206 BC)

In the Iberian campaign, lasting from 210 BC to about 206 BC, Laelius was a loyal second-in-command, the only man to whom Scipio confided the entirety of his plans to take Iberia. He commanded the fleet of thirty ships in the assault on Carthago Nova in 209 BC. Laelius was in charge of some important hostages after the capture of New Carthage, and he was dispatched, along with those hostages, by Scipio to Rome in a quinquereme with the news of this important victory. The Senate gave Laelius further orders for Scipio, which Laelius conveyed back to Scipio while the troops were still in their winter quarters at Tarraco. The time was therefore around early 208 BC.

According to Polybius, Laelius then commanded the left wing of the army, attacking Hasdrubal's right wing, at the Battle of Baecula (near Bailen) in 208 BC, where Scipio inflicted a defeat on Hasdrubal who then retreated to northern Iberia and Italy. The following year, 207 BC, was spent consolidating their position, though Scipio sent Silanus to deal with the newest Punic commander in Iberia, and had his younger brother, Lucius, capture Orongis (thought to be modern day Jaen). Laelius' involvement in the events of this year is largely unknown.

Laelius' role in the decisive Battle of Ilipa (206 BC) is similarly unclear. In its direct aftermath, though, he was dispatched to convince the Berber (or Masaesylian) King Syphax to renew his allegiances to Rome, but failed, owing to the king's refusal to ratify any treaty except with Scipio himself; accordingly, Scipio went personally to the Masaesylian court to secure the alliance. Shortly after this diplomatic success, Gades showed discontent with Carthaginian rule, and, catching word of this, Scipio sent Laelius by sea and Marcius by land to capture the city. On the way, the city's defectors were apprehended but the squadron on which they were to be deported to Africa was defeated by Laelius at Battle of Carteia. The Romans were then troubled by a rebellion among the soldiers and insurrections among the local tribes in late 206 BC when Scipio fell ill. Laelius's role during the insurrection is not clear, but he is noted as having commanded Africanus' cavalry when the latter marched to subdue the Ilergetean revolt.

## Laelius in Africa (204–202 BC)

In Scipio's consulship year (205 BC), Laelius went with him to his designated province, Sicily, where he conducted an expedition or raid to northern Africa while Scipio was readying his troops and supplies for a full-scale invasion. The purpose of this expedition was to assess the situation in Africa. Both princes having previously been won over, Syphax broke his alliance with Scipio and joined the Carthaginians when he was offered a marriage alliance with Sophonisba, a famous Carthaginian beauty, the daughter of Hasdrubal Gisco. Subsequently, Syphax drove his bride's former fiance, Masinissa—who remained loyal to Scipio, having confirmed an alliance with him shortly after the battle of Ilipa—out of his own territories. Masinissa, now effectively a fugitive, came to Laelius during his raid, thought to be in the area of Hippo Regius, to apprise him of his circumstances. Laelius was then able to convey the urgency of the invasion to Scipio.

In about 204 BC, Scipio was ready to invade Africa. After several skirmishes, and a period of contrived truce, the Romans assaulted the allied camp at the battle of Utica in which Scipio and Laelius set fire to the Carthaginian camp. The Romans nevertheless failed to detach Syphax from his marital and political alliance with the Carthaginians; nor was a complete victory possible over the Carthaginian army, with Scipio fearing for his fleet.

Finally, in 203 BC, Laelius defeated Syphax, captured the city of Cirta, and took Syphax alive. He then conducted the captured prince and his son Vermina and some other leading men to Rome.

At Zama (202 BC), Laelius rendered considerable service in command of the cavalry, which was again placed originally on the left wing with Masinissa on the right wing; without the cavalry intervening at a crucial time and falling upon the Carthaginians from the rear, Scipio may well have been defeated.

## Political career

Laelius was elected quaestor after Scipio's decisive victory in 202 BC. In 197 BC, he was elected plebeian aedile and in 196 BC made praetor of Sicily, both times apparently with the aid of his former commander and old friend. Scipio's influence, however, did not serve to win Laelius the consulship in 192 BC. Finally, in 190, he was elected consul along with Scipio's younger brother Scipio Asiaticus but failed to win leadership of the campaign against Antiochus III the Great, which would have enriched him. One version has Laelius himself nobly offering the Senate the choice instead of the traditional drawing of lots to decide the allocation of provinces. When his friend Scipio Africanus announced that, if his brother Lucius was chosen to lead the campaign against Antiochus, he would accompany his brother as a legate, the decision was inevitable - Lucius would be preferred. Laelius's decision, if this version is correct, was a triumph of friendship, but not for his personal finances.

He was given Gaul as his province, and was employed in organizing the recently conquered territory in Cisalpine Gaul. Placentia and Cremona were repopulated.

## Later life

Like other superannuated Roman generals, Laelius later served on embassies to King Perseus of Macedon (174-173 BC) and to Transalpine Gaul (170 BC).

Laelius's wife is not known, but c. 188 BC, he fathered a legitimate son who would become consul in 140 BC - Gaius Laelius Sapiens. His son's relationship with Scipio Aemilianus would, in many ways, mirror Laelius the Elder's own friendship with Scipio Africanus, Laelius the Younger fighting in the Third Punic War as Aemilianus' subordinate, and being his political ally and client as well, as part of the Scipionic Circle.

It was also in 160 BC, when the aged Laelius (probably then in his mid-seventies) met the author Polybius in Rome during his last years, and gave him much first-hand information about Scipio Africanus. Polybius was a client of Scipio's brother-in-law Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus (who died suddenly in the same year, 160 BC), and became a friend to both his sons, notably Scipio Aemilianus (Africanus's adoptive grandson).

Laelius appears to have died some years after 160 BC, but his year of death is mentioned by neither Livy nor Polybius.

As a relatively minor figure in Roman history, media does not portray much of Gaius Laelius. George Handel's opera *Scipione*, about the romantic episode 'the Continence of Scipio', is one of the few cases. It has Laelius (Italianised to 'Lelio') assume, in addition to his historic role as Scipio's subordinate, an intermediary role between the Iberian princess Berenice and his friend, along with providing him with his own love interest.

Recently, however, he has had a fairly prominent, albeit largely negative, role in Ross Leckie's *Scipio* and a minor role (though comparatively large next to the remainder of the Roman cast) in David Anthony Durham's *Pride of Carthage*. A self-published book *Imperator: Italia* by Erich 'B' Hartmann, presumably part of a trilogy or series, has Laelius as a second narrator charting events of the Second Punic War while he converses (or recollects) with the first narrator, Polybius, who is collecting materials for his eponymous *Histories*.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Laelius". *Encyclopædia Britannica*. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 62–63.


title: SC2500 bomb

abstract: The SC 2500 or cylindrical explosive bomb in English was a powerful general-purpose bomb used by the Luftwaffe during World War II.

text:
# SC2500 bomb

The **SC 2500** (**Sprengbombe Cylindrisch**) or *cylindrical explosive bomb* in English was a powerful general-purpose bomb used by the Luftwaffe during World War II.

## Design

The SC 2500 had a single piece machined aluminium body with a welded nose piece. Around the nose of the bomb was a *kopfring* \- a metal ring, triangular in cross-section, designed to prevent ground penetration or to stop forward momentum when hitting the water. The SC 2500 also had a circular braced tail ring with four fins. The SC 2500 was similar in construction to the SB 2500 and the main difference between the two was the SB 2500's case was made of steel. There were two transverse fuzes one in the nose and one near the tail. The nose fuse had a centrally located break-up rod that crushed the nose fuze on impact triggering the explosives. The SC 2500 was filled with *Trialen 105*, a mixture of 15% RDX, 70% TNT and 15% aluminium powder. Externally there was a reinforced H-type suspension band and the bomb could be horizontally suspended in a bomb bay or horizontally mounted on a fuselage hardpoint. The bomb could not be dropped in a safe state and it was advised to not drop the bomb in low level attacks.

## InfoBox

| SC 2500 | |
| --- | --- |
| A Heinkel He 111H/P with an SC 2500 bomb in 1940. | |
| Type | General-purpose bomb |
| Place of origin | Germany |
| Service history | |
| Used by | Luftwaffe |
| Wars | World War II |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 2,400 kg (5,300 lb) |
| Length | 3.91 m (12 ft 10 in) |
| Diameter | 813 mm (32 in) |
| --- | |
| Warhead | Trialen |


title: SC2 (leisure complex)

abstract: SC2 is a leisure complex in Rhyl, United Kingdom.

text:
# SC2 (leisure complex)

**SC2** (Sun Centre 2) is a leisure complex in Rhyl, United Kingdom.

## History

The original Sun Centre waterpark closed in February 2014. Denbighshire council had withdrawn funding from the company which operated it and as a result the not-for-profit firm could no longer afford to keep it open. In May 2016, the council submitted plans to demolish the waterpark and build a replacement facility.

The facility was opened in 2019, five years after the closure of Rhyl Sun Centre.

## Facilities

The complex has an indoor and outdoor waterpark with water slides and play areas for young children. Separate from the waterpark, there is also a "Ninja Tag" attraction.

1. "Rhyl Sun Centre unlikely to reopen". *BBC News*. 2014-03-14. Retrieved 2022-01-31.
2. "Rhyl Sun Centre demolition plans submitted". *BBC News*. 2016-05-03. Retrieved 2022-01-31.
3. "Rhyl water park can be 'catalyst' for town change". *BBC News*. 2019-04-01. Retrieved 2022-01-31.
4. "Rhyl Sun Centre – or as the new attraction is called – Rhyl SC2". *North.Wales*. 2020-03-01. Retrieved 2022-01-31.
5. Kendrick, Suzanne (2021-12-06). "Winter Wonderland at SC2 Rhyl including Santa's grotto and elves!". *Rhyl Journal*. Retrieved 2022-01-31.

## InfoBox

| SC2 | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Rhyl, Wales, UK |
| Coordinates | 53°19′14.8″N 3°29′47″W / 53.320778°N 3.49639°W / 53.320778; -3.49639 |
| Opened | 2019 |
| Pools | 2 pools |
| Water slides | 6 water slides |
| Website | https://sc2rhyl.co.uk/ |


title: 2006 Marion Mayhem season

abstract: The 2006 Marion Mayhem season was the first season for the Great Lakes Indoor Football League (GLIFL) franchise. The Mayhem were announced to the public on September 16, 2005, as the fourth expansion team for the newly formed Great Lakes Indoor Football League. Their inaugural owners of the Mayhem were 4th Down and Long LLC, run by R.A. Mallonn, Fred Horner, Tim Cugini, and John Slebodnik. The team hired Tracy Smith as their inaugural coach and general manager on November 2, 2005. The Mayhem suffered a losing inaugural season in 2006 (4-6), however the Mayhem were within one game of the 2006 GLIFL playoffs. The Mayhem missed the playoffs due to the Battle Creek Crunch holding the tie breaker between the two teams.

text:
# 2006 Marion Mayhem season

The **2006 Marion Mayhem season** was the first season for the Great Lakes Indoor Football League (GLIFL) franchise. The Mayhem were announced to the public on September 16, 2005, as the fourth expansion team for the newly formed Great Lakes Indoor Football League. Their inaugural owners of the Mayhem were 4th Down and Long LLC, run by R.A. Mallonn, Fred Horner, Tim Cugini, and John Slebodnik. The team hired Tracy Smith as their inaugural coach and general manager on November 2, 2005. The Mayhem suffered a losing inaugural season in 2006 (4-6), however the Mayhem were within one game of the 2006 GLIFL playoffs. The Mayhem missed the playoffs due to the Battle Creek Crunch holding the tie breaker between the two teams.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Home/Away | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| April 8 | Lehigh Valley Outlawz | Home | L 26-41 |
| April 13 | Battle Creek Crunch | Away | W 37-34 |
| April 29 | NY/NJ Revolution | Home | W 81-32 |
| May 6 | Battle Creek Crunch | Home | L 29-42 |
| May 13 | Port Huron Pirates | Home | L 27-43 |
| May 20 | Rochester Raiders | Home | W 42-38 |
| June 2 | Port Huron Pirates | Away | L 26-57 |
| June 10 | NY/NJ Revolution | Home | W 51-32 |
| June 17 | Lehigh Valley Outlawz | Away | L 38-41 |
| June 24 | Rochester Raiders | Away | L 38-51 |
|

### 2006 GLIFL Standings

|  | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W | L | T | PCT |
| Port Huron Pirates-y | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 |
| Rochester Raiders-x | 7 | 3 | 0 | .700 |
| Lehigh Valley Outlawz-x | 5 | 5 | 0 | .500 |
| Battle Creek Crunch-x | 4 | 6 | 0 | .400 |
| Marion Mayhem | 4 | 6 | 0 | .400 |
| New York/New Jersey Revolution | 0 | 10 | 0 | .000 |

## Roster

| 2006 Marion Mayhem roster | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Quarterbacks** **Running backs**
**Receivers** |  | **Offensive linemen** **Defensive linemen** |  | **Linebackers** **Defensive backs**
**Kickers** |  | **Inactive*** *currently vacant*  **Injured Reserve**
* *currently vacant*  * Updated June 24, 2006 * *rookies in italics* * 20 Active, 0 Inactive |

## InfoBox

| 2006 Marion Mayhem season | |
| --- | --- |
| Owner | R.A. Mallonn
Fred Horner
Tim Cugini
John Slebodnik |
| Head coach | Tracy Smith |
| Home field | Veterans Memorial Coliseum
220 East Fairground Street
Marion, OH 43302 |
| Results | |
| Record | 4–6 |
| League place | 5th |
| Playoff finish | *did not qualify* |
|


title: 2008 Passover margarine shortage

text:
# 2008 Passover margarine shortage

During the 2008 Passover season, kosher-for-Passover margarine in the United States was short in supply due to several issues, leading to a scramble among kosher consumers to obtain the staple since it features prominently in many Passover recipes.

## Causes

There were several causes of the margarine shortage.

One was the shortage of cottonseed oil, the main ingredient in the product. Cottonseed oil is used in lieu of corn or soybean oil, the traditional bases for margarine, which are not permitted to Ashkenazi Jews during Passover due to the laws of *kitniyot*. Cottonseed oil is a byproduct of cotton; because of the demand for corn-based ethanol, many farmers dropped their cotton crops in favor of more lucrative corn. Additionally, some of the previous manufacturers of Passover margarine discontinued producing the product after deciding it was not economically feasible. The process of cleansing a margarine plant to make it suitable for producing kosher-for-Passover margarine is complicated, and involves dismantling much of the equipment.

Some of the previous manufacturers felt it was no longer practical to undergo these procedures for a short-term project. Manischewitz and Mother's, two of the largest kosher margarine brands, were only able to provide limited amounts to the marketplace, which were often not in the popular stick form.

## Impact

The margarine shortage affected home Passover baking. Dishes which comply with Passover rules are often somewhat lacking in taste, and for this reason margarine is a key ingredient in many Passover recipes.

Often, no substitute is available.

Since the laws of kashrut mandate the separation of milk and meat, margarine is an important butter substitute in recipes that are served with meat meals. Some of the recipes that require large amounts of margarine include Passover desserts, such as cookies.

Many stores rationed the sales of margarine to customers by limiting the number of cases of margarine that could be purchased, and some stores required a minimum number of other items to be purchased.

Haolam, a large manufacturer of kosher cheeses, was able to produce margarine for Passover to meet some of the demands.

## Other scarce items

In addition to margarine, matzo was also in short supply for the 2008 Passover season, as were the Tam Tam matzo crackers manufactured by Manischewitz. Possible reasons for the matzo shortage included business decisions by the Trader Joe's and Costco chains not to stock matzo for 2008, and manufacturing problems at Manischewitz that forced the company to withhold Tam Tams for the year, and to produce less matzo and none of the more strictly made shmurah matzo preferred by many traditional Jews.


title: Gabriel Ste-Marie

abstract: Gabriel Ste-Marie is a Canadian politician and academic who was elected to represent the riding Joliette in the House of Commons in the 2015 election. He teaches economics at Cégep régional de Lanaudière. Ste-Marie served as the Bloc Québécois House Leader from 2017 until he resigned from the position on February 25, 2018 in a dispute with party leader Martine Ouellet. He, along with six other Bloc MPs, resigned from the Bloc's caucus to sit as an independent MP on February 28, 2018 citing conflicts with the leadership style of Martine Ouellet. He rejoined the Bloc Québécois caucus on September 17, 2018. He is also a researcher at the Contemporary Economics Research Institute and lecturer at Université du Québec à Montréal. Since 2021 he has served as the critic of finance and the treasury board in the Bloc Québécois Shadow Cabinet.

text:
# Gabriel Ste-Marie

**Gabriel Ste-Marie** MP is a Canadian politician and academic who was elected to represent the riding Joliette in the House of Commons in the 2015 election. He teaches economics at Cégep régional de Lanaudière.

Ste-Marie served as the Bloc Québécois House Leader (and its parliamentary leader as the party leader did not have a seat in parliament) from 2017 until he resigned from the position on February 25, 2018 in a dispute with party leader Martine Ouellet. He, along with six other Bloc MPs, resigned from the Bloc's caucus to sit as an independent MP on February 28, 2018 citing conflicts with the leadership style of Martine Ouellet. He rejoined the Bloc Québécois caucus on September 17, 2018.

He is also a researcher at the Contemporary Economics Research Institute and lecturer at Université du Québec à Montréal.

Since 2021 he has served as the critic of finance and the treasury board in the Bloc Québécois Shadow Cabinet.

## Electoral record

| 2021 Canadian federal election: Joliette | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
|  | Bloc Québécois | Gabriel Ste-Marie | 30,913 | 55.0 | -3.2 | $20,415.99 |
|  | Liberal | Michel Bourgeois | 12,731 | 22.7 | +0.2 | $14,000.77 |
|  | Conservative | Roger Materne | 5,314 | 9.5 | +0.5 | $2,412.32 |
|  | New Democratic | Alexis Beaudet | 3,100 | 5.5 | +0.9 | $59.42 |
|  | People's | Maxime Leclerc | 1,771 | 3.2 | +2.3 | $0.00 |
|  | Green | Érica Poirier | 1,126 | 2.0 | -2.1 | $80.52 |
|  | Free | Manon Coutu | 992 | 1.8 | *N/A* | $2,900.09 |
|  | Marijuana | Yanick Théoret | 251 | 0.4 | *N/A* | $0.00 |
| Total valid votes/expense limit | | | 56,198 | 97.7 |  | $120,469.50 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 1,332 | 2.3 |
| Turnout | | | 57,530 | 62.3 |
| Registered voters | | | 92,281 |
|  | Bloc Québécois **hold** | | Swing | | -1.8 |
| Source: Elections Canada | | | | | | |

| 2019 Canadian federal election: Joliette | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
|  | Bloc Québécois | Gabriel Ste-Marie | 33,590 | 58.22 | +24.92 | $25,277.75 |
|  | Liberal | Michel Bourgeois | 12,995 | 22.52 | -5.70 | $33,054.52 |
|  | Conservative | Jean-Martin Masse | 5,176 | 8.97 | -1.09 | $15,856.88 |
|  | New Democratic | Julienne Soumaoro | 2,623 | 4.55 | -21.14 | *none listed* |
|  | Green | Érica Poirier | 2,343 | 4.06 | +1.71 | $752.47 |
|  | People's | Sylvain Prescott | 498 | 0.86 |  | $932.68 |
|  | Indépendence du Québec | Paul Savard | 474 | 0.82 |  | $0.00 |
| Total valid votes/expense limit | | | 57,699 | 100.0 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 1,203 | 1.35 | +0.15 |
| Turnout | | | 58,902 | 66.31 | -0.91 |
| Eligible voters | | | 88,831 |
|  | Bloc Québécois **hold** | | Swing | | +15.31 |
| Source: Elections Canada | | | | | | |

| 2015 Canadian federal election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
|  | Bloc Québécois | Gabriel Ste-Marie | 18,875 | 33.3 | +0.29 |  |
|  | Liberal | Michel Bourgeois | 15,995 | 28.2 | +21.81 |  |
|  | New Democratic | Danielle Landreville | 14,566 | 25.7 | -21.22 |  |
|  | Conservative | Soheil Eid | 5,705 | 10.1 | +0.41 |  |
|  | Green | Mathieu Morin | 1,335 | 2.4 | -1.59 |  |
|  | Strength in Democracy | Robert D. Morais | 213 | 0.4 |  |  |
| Total valid votes/Expense limit | | | 56,689 | 100.0 |  | $232,599.74 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 1,109 | 1.20 | -0.36 |
| Turnout | | | 57,798 | 67.22 | +3.7 |
| Eligible voters | | | 85,981 |
|  | Bloc Québécois **gain** from New Democratic | | Swing | | +10.8 |
| Source: Elections Canada | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Gabriel Ste-MarieMP | |
| --- | --- |
| Ste-Marie's official parliamentary photo | |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament
for Joliette | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
October 19, 2015 | |
| Preceded by | Francine Raynault |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Bloc Québécois |
| Other political
affiliations | Québec debout (2018) |
| Residence(s) | Joliette, Quebec, Canada |
| Profession | Economist, Teacher |
|  | |


title: Galagedara (7°36′N 80°18′E)

abstract: Galagedara is a village in the North Western Province of Sri Lanka.

text:
# Galagedara (7°36′N 80°18′E)

7°36′N 80°18′E / 7.600°N 80.300°E / 7.600; 80.300 **Galagedara** is a village in the North Western Province of Sri Lanka.

## InfoBox

| Galagedarahah | |
| --- | --- |
| GalagedarahahGalagedara in Sri Lanka | |
| Coordinates: 7°36′0″N 80°18′0″E / 7.60000°N 80.30000°E / 7.60000; 80.30000 | |
| Province | North Western Province |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (Sri Lanka Standard Time Zone) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+6 |


title: 2004 Vuelta Ciclista de Chile

abstract: The 27th edition of the Vuelta Ciclista de Chile was held from March 11 to March 21, 2004.

text:
# 2004 Vuelta Ciclista de Chile

The 27th edition of the **Vuelta Ciclista de Chile** was held from March 11 to March 21, 2004.

## Stages

### 2004-03-11: LotaConcepción (35 km)

| Place | Stage 1 – Team Time Trial | | General Classification | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Name | Time | Name | Time |
| 1. | Ace Bryc Curicó | 48.44 | Enzo Cesario (CHI) | 48.44 |
| 2. | Publiguías | +0.15 | José Medina (CHI) |  |
| 3. | Líder-La Polar | +0.40 | Arturo Corvalán (CHI) |  |

### 2004-03-12: ConcepciónChillán (117 km)

| Place | Stage 2 | | General Classification | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Name | Time | Name | Time |
| 1. | Arturo Corvalán (CHI) | 2:42.50 | Arturo Corvalán (CHI) | 3:31.34 |
| 2. | Enzo Cesario (CHI) | +0.04 | Enzo Cesario (CHI) | +0.04 |
| 3. | Edgardo Simón (ARG) | +0.06 | José Medina (CHI) | +0.10 |

### 2004-03-13: San NicolásTalca (197 km)

| Place | Stage 3 | | General Classification | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Name | Time | Name | Time |
| 1. | Arturo Corvalán (CHI) | 4:59.19 | Arturo Corvalán (CHI) | 8:32.47 |
| 2. | Pedro Lópes (POR) |  | José Medina (CHI) | +0.20 |
| 3. | Edgardo Simón (ARG) |  | Luis Sepúlveda (CHI) | +0.20 |

### 2004-03-14: TalcaCurepto (77 km)

| Place | Stage 4-A | | General Classification | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Name | Time | Name | Time |
| 1. | Enzo Cesario (CHI) | 1:49.51 | Arturo Corvalán (CHI) | 10:22.38 |
| 2. | Pedro Miranda (CHI) |  | José Medina (CHI) | +0.20 |
| 3. | David Muñoz (ESP) |  | Luis Sepúlveda (CHI) | +0.20 |

### 2004-03-14: HualañéCuricó (90 km)

| Place | Stage 4-B | | General Classification | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Name | Time | Name | Time |
| 1. | Edgardo Simón (ARG) | 2:10.47 | Arturo Corvalán (CHI) | 13:31.27 |
| 2. | Arturo Corvalán (CHI) |  | Juan Fierro (CHI) | +0.25 |
| 3. | Pedro Miranda (CHI) |  | José Medina (CHI) | +0.26 |

### 2004-03-15: CuricóPichilemu (150 km)

| Place | Stage 5 | | General Classification | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Name | Time | Name | Time |
| 1. | Raúl López (CHI) | 3:31.31 | Néstor Pías (URU) | 16:05.36 |
| 2. | Néstor Pías (URU) |  | Juan Fierro (CHI) | +7.07 |
| 3. | Rodrigo Berrios (CHI) | +3.50 | Luis Sepúlveda (CHI) | +7.07 |

### 2004-03-16: Cruce La RosaLa Estrella (21 km)

| Place | Stage 6-A Individual Time Trial | | General Classification | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Name | Time | Name | Time |
| 1. | Edgardo Simón (ARG) | 25.00 |  |  |
| 2. | Gonzalo Miranda (CHI) | +0.16 |  |  |
| 3. | José Medina (CHI) | +0.17 |  |  |

### 2004-03-16: La EstrellaAlgarrobo (146 km)

| Place | Stage 6-B | | General Classification | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Name | Time | Name | Time |
| 1. | Andrei Sartassov (RUS) | 3:16.40 | José Medina (CHI) | 19:54.21 |
| 2. | Francisco Cabrera (CHI) |  | Edgardo Simón (ARG) | +0.09 |
| 3. | Arturo Corvalán (CHI) | +0.04 | Marco Arriagada (CHI) | +0.22 |

### 2004-03-17: AlgarroboVilla Alemana (105 km)

| Place | Stage 7 | | General Classification | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Name | Time | Name | Time |
| 1. | Luis Sepúlveda (CHI) | 2:17.26 | Luis Sepúlveda (CHI) | 22:12.19 |
| 2. | Marco Arriagada (CHI) | +0.04 | Marco Arriagada (CHI) | +0.40 |
| 3. | Andrei Sartassov (RUS) | +0.06 | Gonzalo Salas (ARG) | +0.46 |

### 2004-03-18: OlmuéLos Andes (122 km)

| Place | Stage 8 | | General Classification | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Name | Time | Name | Time |
| 1. | Edgardo Simón (ARG) | 3:02.49 | Edgardo Simón (ARG) | 25:15.47 |
| 2. | Javier Zapata (COL) |  | José Medina (CHI) | +0.02 |
| 3. | José Medina (CHI) |  | Marcelo Arriagada (CHI) | +0.11 |

### 2004-03-19: Los AndesPortillo (115 km)

| Place | Stage 9 | | General Classification | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Name | Time | Name | Time |
| 1. | Marco Arriagada (CHI) | 3:02.53 | Marco Arriagada (CHI) | 28:19.10 |
| 2. | José Medina (CHI) | +0.16 | José Medina (CHI) | +0.50 |
| 3. | Julio César Rangel (COL) | +1.28 | Marcelo Arriagada (CHI) | +1.23 |

### 2004-03-20: PirquePirque (131 km)

| Place | Stage 10 | | General Classification | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Name | Time | Name | Time |
| 1. | Gonzalo Miranda (CHI) | 2:50.46 | Marco Arriagada (CHI) | 31:10.06 |
| 2. | Arturo Corvalán (CHI) | +0.04 | José Medina (CHI) | +0.50 |
| 3. | Edgardo Simón (ARG) | +0.06 | Marcelo Arriagada (CHI) | +1.23 |

### 2004-03-21: SantiagoSantiago (60 km)

| Place | Stage 11 | | General Classification | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Name | Time | Name | Time |
| 1. | Arturo Corvalán (CHI) | 1:12.39 | Marco Arriagada (CHI) | 32:22.45 |
| 2. | Gonzalo Miranda (CHI) |  | José Medina (CHI) | +0.50 |
| 3. | Edgardo Simón (ARG) |  | Marcelo Arriagada (CHI) | +1.23 |

## Final classification

| RANK | CYCLIST | TEAM | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Marco Arriagada (CHI) | Publiguías | **32:22:45** |
| 2. | José Medina (CHI) | ACE Bryc Curicó | **\+ 0.50** |
| 3. | Marcelo Arriagada (CHI) | Publiguías | **\+ 1.23** |
| 4. | Gonzalo Salas (ARG) | Líder-La Polar | **\+ 1.29** |
| 5. | Hernán Darío Muñoz (COL) | Orbitel Colombia | **\+ 1.35** |
| 6. | Jairo Hernández (COL) | Orbitel Colombia | **\+ 3.43** |
| 7. | Javier Zapata (COL) | Orbitel Colombia | **\+ 3.49** |
| 8. | Heberth Gutiérrez (COL) | Orbitel Colombia | **\+ 3.50** |
| 9. | Edgardo Simón (ARG) | Líder-La Polar | **\+ 4.11** |
| 10. | Iván Parra (COL) | Comunidad Valenciana-Kelme | **\+ 4.19** |

## Teams

## InfoBox

2004 Vuelta Ciclista de Chile
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | March 11–21 |
| Stages | 11 |
| Distance | 1,366 km (848.8 mi) |
| Winning time | 32h 22' 45" |
| Results | |
| Winner  Marco Arriagada (CHI)  (Publiguías)  Second  José Medina (CHI)  (Ace Bryc Curicó)  Third  Marcelo Arriagada (CHI)  (Publiguías)   ---  Points  Edgardo Simón (ARG)  (Líder-La Polar)  Mountains  Marco Arriagada (CHI)  (Publiguías)  Team  Orbitel Colombia | |
|


title: Blato na Cetini

abstract: Blato na Cetini is a village in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia.

text:
# Blato na Cetini

**Blato na Cetini** is a village in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia.

## InfoBox

| Blato na Cetini | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Blato na CetiniBlato na Cetini | |
| Coordinates: 43°40′11″N 16°49′22″E / 43.66972°N 16.82278°E / 43.66972; 16.82278 | |
| Country | Croatia |
| Region | Dalmatia |
| County | Split-Dalmatia County |
| Area | |
| Total | 20.1 km2 (7.8 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 462 |
| Density | 23/km2 (60/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Encontro Irmandiño

abstract: Encontro Irmandiño is a political organization that is part of Anova-Nationalist Brotherhood in Galicia, Spain. It used to be an internal current in the Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG). EI was founded in 2007 and has an ideology based in Galician nationalism, direct democracy, anticapitalism, feminism and alter-globalization.

text:
# Encontro Irmandiño

**Encontro Irmandiño** (**EI**, *Irmandiño Meeting* in English) is a political organization that is part of Anova-Nationalist Brotherhood in Galicia, Spain. It used to be an internal current in the Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG). EI was founded in 2007 and has an ideology based in Galician nationalism, direct democracy, anticapitalism, feminism and alter-globalization.

## History

Encontro Irmandiño was founded as an internal current of the BNG on 21 July 2007 at a meeting in Santiago de Compostela. Led by Xosé Manuel Beiras, EI advocated for a return to the founding principles of BNG, as assembly-based internal democracy and communication between the different levels of the organization. Encontro Irmadiño abandoned the BNG in 2012.

On 14 March 2012 the Encontro Irmandiño announced that it had begun to contact other small formations towards the creation of a common electoral platform, among which would be Máis Galiza, Nationalist Left, Espazo Ecosocialista Galego, New Galician Left, Galician People's Front (FPG), Communist Party of the Galician People (PCPG), Movemento pola Base (MpB), Causa Galiza, Galician Workers Front, Marín Nationalist Collective and a small section of the Galician Socialist Party of Vigo. This platform would have the temporary name of *New Common Project*, and would lead to new political party: Anova-Nationalist Brotherhood.

1. "Un proxecto "igualitario" e "acolledor" das "lecturas da liberación nacional"".
2. "O Encontro Irmandiño constitúese en colectivo".
3. "El Encontro Irmandiño se constituye como partido bajo el liderato de Beiras". 20 February 2011.
4. "Beiras se va tras 30 años en el BNG". 13 February 2012.
5. "Once grupos nacionalistas abren contactos para confluir". 14 March 2012.
6. "El proyecto de refundación del nacionalismo toma forma".

## InfoBox

| Encontro Irmandiño | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Leader | Xosé Manuel Beiras |
| Founded | 2007 (2007) |
| Student wing | Galician Student League (LEG) |
| Youth wing | Mocidade Irmandiña |
| Ideology | Galician nationalism
Direct democracy
Alter-globalization
Feminism
Anticapitalism
Internationalism |
| Political position | Left-wing |
| National affiliation | Anova-Nationalist Brotherhood |
| Trade union affiliation | Confederación Intersindical Galega |
| Website | |
| encontroirmandinho.org (in Galician) | |
|  | |


title: Tom Tully

abstract: Thomas Kane Tulley was an American actor. He began his career in radio and on the stage before making his film debut in Northern Pursuit (1943). Subsequently, he was nominated for an Academy Award for his supporting role in The Caine Mutiny (1954). In 1960, Tully was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the film industry.

text:
# Tom Tully

**Thomas Kane Tulley** (August 21, 1908 – April 27, 1982) was an American actor. He began his career in radio and on the stage before making his film debut in *Northern Pursuit* (1943). Subsequently, he was nominated for an Academy Award for his supporting role in *The Caine Mutiny* (1954).

In 1960, Tully was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the film industry.

## Early years

Tully was born in Durango in southwestern Colorado, the son of Thomas H. Tulley and Victoria Lenore Day Tulley. He first worked as a sailor in the United States Navy then as a reporter for the *Denver Post* in Denver, before he entered acting with the expectation of better pay.

## Career

### Stage

Tully debuted on Broadway in *Call Me Ziggy* (1937). His other Broadway credits include *The Sun Field* (1942), *The Strings, My Lord, Are False* (1942), *Jason* (1942), *Ah, Wilderness!* (1941), *The Time of Your Life* (1940), *Night Music* (1940), *The Time of Your Life* (1939), *The White Steed* (1939), and *Chalked Out* (1937).

### Radio

In the era of old-time radio, Tully had the lead role of Joe in the serial *Home of the Brave*. He also played Jim Carroll in the serial *Life Begins*, Uncle Willie in the comedy *My Mother's Husband*, and Charles Martin in the serial *Stella Dallas*. He was a frequent guest actor on Gunsmoke, portraying a wide range of parts.

### Film

Tully's Hollywood film career spanned from the early 1940s until 1973. After a brief appearance in the film *Carefree* (1938), he next appeared in *I'll Be Seeing You* (1944) as the father of Shirley Temple's character.

He received an Academy Award nomination for Actor in a Supporting Role for portraying the first commander of the *Caine* in the 1954 drama *The Caine Mutiny*, with Humphrey Bogart.

His last feature film role was as a crooked gun dealer, seated in a wheelchair after having his left leg removed close to the hip, in Don Siegel's popular crime film *Charley Varrick* (1973), with Walter Matthau and Joe Don Baker.

### Television

From 1954 through 1960, he played the role of police Inspector Matt Grebb on the CBS police drama, *The Lineup*, with co-star Warner Anderson. In repeats, *The Lineup* was known as *San Francisco Beat*.

He made two appearances as Rob Petrie's (Dick Van Dyke) father on CBS's *The Dick Van Dyke Show* in 1964 and 1966. This role reunited Tully with Jerry Paris from *The Caine Mutiny*. He also was a guest star on *The Andy Griffith Show* during the seventh season. He played Walt, the milkman in the episode, "Goodbye, Dolly."

In 1962, he appeared on the NBC modern western series, *Empire* in the role of Tom Cole in the episode "Long Past, Long Remembered." Richard Jordan appeared in this episode too as Jay Bee Fowler. The series starred Richard Egan as New Mexico rancher Jim Redigo. In 1963, he was cast as Danny Mundt in "A Taste for Pineapple" of the ABC crime drama, *The Untouchables*. That same year he portrayed Jethro Tate in "Who Killed Billy Jo?" on another ABC crime drama, *Burke's Law*, with Gene Barry.

In 1964, Tully had two appearances on CBS's *Perry Mason*. The first was as defendant Carey York in "The Case of the Arrogant Arsonist;" the second was as murder victim Harvey Scott in "The Case of the Nautical Knot." During the 1966 season of ABC's *Shane* western series, he made 17 appearances as Tom Starett. Tully also guest starred twice in the western TV series *Bonanza*: in the 1965 episode "The Dilemma" as Sundown Davis and in the 1967 episode "The Sure Thing" as Burt Laughlin.

Later, Tully continued his acting in television dramas such as *Mission: Impossible* and *The Rookies*.

## Later years

In November 1969, Tully traveled to South Vietnam, currently Vietnam, for the United Service Organization. His "handshake tour" took him to hospitals, radio interviews, and flight behind enemy lines, courtesy of the 173rd Airborne Brigade, to visit strategic military outposts such as the "Hawks Nest" in the Phum Valley. While in Vietnam entertaining troops, Tully contracted a filarial worm.

## Politics

Tully refused to join the Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals, and was out of work during the Hollywood blacklist, for nine months.

## Personal life

In 1930, Tully married Helen Ross in Colorado. They had a daughter Jean in 1931. They were divorced on November 26, 1935. In 1938, he married actress Frances McHugh, to whom he remained wed until her death in 1953. On June 20, 1954, he married Ida Johnson in Los Angeles, and they remained married until his death.

Tully played chess by mail, was a fly-fisherman, and voiced children's books for an elementary school.

Tully died of cancer at the age of 73 on April 27, 1982, at Hoag Memorial Hospital in Newport Beach, California.

## Recognition

In 1960, Tully's Hollywood Walk of Fame star, 6119 Hollywood Boulevard near Gower Street, is one of the inaugural 1,558 stars, yet misspelled as *Thomas L. Tully*.

## Partial filmography

## Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1960 | *Alfred Hitchcock Presents* | Phil Canby | Season 5 Episode 18: "Backward, Turn Backward" |
| 1961 | *Rawhide* | Dan Yates | S4:E1, "Incident at Rio Salado" |
| 1965 | *Rawhide* | Clete Bonner | S7:E19, "Blood Harvest" |

## InfoBox

| Tom Tully | |
| --- | --- |
| Trailer for *Lady in the Lake* (1946) | |
| Born | Thomas Kane Tulley
(1908-08-21)August 21, 1908
Durango, Colorado, U.S. |
| Died | April 27, 1982(1982-04-27) (aged 73)
Newport Beach, California, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1937–1973 |
| Spouses | *   Helen Ross  (m. 1930; div. 1935) *   Frances McHugh  (m. 1938; died 1953) *   Ida Johnson
(m. 1954) |
| Children | 1 |


title: Royce Wallace

abstract: Royce K. Wallace was an American actress, singer and dancer who had a long, distinguished career beginning in the 1940s through the late–1980s.

text:
# Royce Wallace

**Royce K. Wallace** (May 9, 1925 – November 24, 1992) was an American actress, singer and dancer who had a long, distinguished career beginning in the 1940s through the late–1980s.

## Biography

Born in Buffalo, Nebraska or Pleasanton, Nebraska or Cleveland, Ohio (sources differ), Wallace began her acting career on Broadway. Wallace received her first role as a dancer in *Carmen Jones* in 1943 which ran on Broadway for two years. Wallace appeared in productions throughout the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s such as *Funny Girl* in 1964. In the 1960s, Wallace was a founding co-member of the Cambridge Players theatrical group, a group which included some of the distinguished black actresses such as Esther Rolle (of *Good Times* TV show fame), Lynn Hamilton (who starred as "Donna" on the hit NBC-TV sitcom *Sanford and Son*), and Helen Martin of NBC-TV's *227*.

Wallace later appeared mostly in guest roles on *Sanford and Son*, *Barnaby Jones*, *The Paper Chase*, *Benson*, *Soap*, *Quincy, M.E.*, and *Roots: The Next Generations*. Wallace also appeared as Agnes, in an episode of Barnaby Jones entitled “Theater Of Fear”, alongside actress Anne Francis.

### Personal life and Death

Wallace was married twice and had no children. On December 24, 1956, Wallace married Bermuda socialite Alexander Stuart Outerbridge. Wallace later filed for divorce from Outerbridge in December 1958. In 1960, Wallace married New York City fireman Bill Riley. Wallace died on November 24, 1992, in Ventura, California, at the age of 67.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1959 | *Take a Giant Step* | Rose Thompson |  |
| 1969 | *Goodbye, Columbus* | Carlotta |  |
| 1972 | *Cool Breeze* | Emma Mercer |  |
| 1974 | *Willie Dynamite* | Willie's Mother (Emma) |  |
| 1975 | *Funny Lady* | Adele |  |
| 1986 | *Wildcats* | Judge |  |
| 1986 | *Crossroads* | Hotel Proprietress |  |
| 1989 | *Immediate Family* | Nurse |  |

## InfoBox

| Royce Wallace | |
| --- | --- |
| Wallace in *Take a Giant Step*, 1959. | |
| Born | Royce K. Wallace
(1925-05-09)May 9, 1925
Buffalo, Nebraska, U.S.
or Pleasanton, Nebraska, U.S.
or Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.
(sources differ) |
| Died | November 24, 1992(1992-11-24) (aged 67)
Ventura, California, United States |
| Occupations | * Actress * singer * dancer |
| Years active | 1942–1991 |
| Spouses | *   Alexander Outerbridge  (m. 1956; div. 1958) *   Bill Riley (m. 1960) |


title: Cochlostomatidae

abstract: Cochlostomatinae are a family of small land snails which have opercula and gills. These are terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cyclophoroidea.

text:
# Cochlostomatidae

**Cochlostomatinae** are a family of small land snails which have opercula and gills. These are terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cyclophoroidea.

## Distribution

These snails live in the limestone mountains of southern Europe and North Africa.

## Genera

Genera in the family Cochlostomatidae include:

Genera brought into synonymy * *Apricana* Caziot, 1908: synonym of *Obscurella* Clessin, 1889
* *Auritus* Westerlund, 1883: synonym of *Cochlostoma (Auritus)* Westerlund, 1883 represented as *Cochlostoma* Jan, 1830
* *Crassilabriana* Fagot, 1891: synonym of *Obscurella* Clessin, 1889
* *Elektrea* \[sic\] †: synonym of *Electrea* Klebs, 1886 † (incorrect subsequent spelling)
* *Hartmannia* Newton, 1891: synonym of *Cochlostoma (Turritus)* Westerlund, 1883 represented as *Cochlostoma* Jan, 1830
* *Hidalgoiana* Fagot, 1891: synonym of *Obscurella* Clessin, 1889
* *Holcopoma* Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of *Cochlostoma (Auritus)* Westerlund, 1883 represented as *Cochlostoma* Jan, 1830
* *Imerezia* Zallot, Groenenberg, De Mattia, Fehér & E. Gittenberger, 2015: synonym of *Rara* A. J. Wagner, 1897
* *Neglectiana* Fagot, 1891: synonym of *Obscurella* Clessin, 1889
* *Nouletiana* Fagot, 1891: synonym of *Obscurella* Clessin, 1889
* *Obscuriana* Fagot, 1891: synonym of *Obscurella* Clessin, 1889
* *Partiotiana* Fagot, 1891: synonym of *Obscurella* Clessin, 1889
* *Patuliana* Caziot, 1908: synonym of *Cochlostoma (Turritus)* Westerlund, 1883 represented as *Cochlostoma* Jan, 1830
* *Personatus* Westerlund, 1883: synonym of Cochlostoma (Auritus) Westerlund, 1883 represented as Cochlostoma Jan, 1830
* *Pleuropoma* A. J. Wagner, 1897: synonym of *Cochlostoma (Auritus)* Westerlund, 1883 represented as *Cochlostoma* Jan, 1830
* *Pleuropomatia* Tomlin, 1929: synonym of *Cochlostoma (Auritus)* Westerlund, 1883 represented as *Cochlostoma* Jan, 1830
* *Stereopoma* A. J. Wagner, 1897: synonym of *Cochlostoma (Turritus)* Westerlund, 1883 represented as *Cochlostoma* Jan, 1830 (junior synonym)
* *Striolatiana* Caziot, 1908: synonym of *Striolata* A. J. Wagner, 1897
* *Strobelia* Clessin, 1889: synonym of *Cochlostoma (Eupomatias)* A. J. Wagner, 1897 represented as *Cochlostoma* Jan, 1830 (Invalid: junior homonym of *Strobelia* Rondani, 1868 \[Diptera\], Eupomatias has the same type species)
* *Toffolettia* Giusti, 1971: synonym of *Striolata* A. J. Wagner, 1897 (junior synonym)
* *Wagneriola* *Zallot, Groenenberg, De Mattia, Fehér & E. Gittenberger, 2015*: synonym of *Cochlostoma (Scalarina)* A. J. Wagner, 1897 represented as *Cochlostoma* Jan, 1830 (objective junior homonym)

## InfoBox

| Cochlostomatidae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Cochlostoma nouleti* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Architaenioglossa |
| Superfamily: | Cyclophoroidea |
| Family: | Cochlostomatidae<br>Kobelt, 1902 |
|
| Synonyms | |
| Cochlostomatinae Kobelt, 1902 | |


title: Storage efficiency

abstract:
Storage efficiency is the ability to store and manage data that consumes the least amount of space with little to no impact on performance; resulting in a lower total operational cost. Efficiency addresses the real-world demands of managing costs, reducing complexity and limiting risk. The Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA) defines storage efficiency in the SNIA Dictionary as follows:
  - storage efficiency = effective capacity + free capacity raw capacity. The efficiency of an empty enterprise level system is commonly in the 40–70% range, depending on what combination of RAID, mirroring and other data protection technologies are deployed, and may be even lower for highly redundant remotely mirrored systems. As data is stored on the system, technologies such as deduplication and compression may store data at a greater than 1-to-1 data size-to-space consumed ratio, and efficiency rises, often to over 100% for primary data, and thousands of percent for backup data.

text:
# Storage efficiency

**Storage efficiency** is the ability to store and manage data that consumes the least amount of space with little to no impact on performance; resulting in a lower total operational cost. Efficiency addresses the real-world demands of managing costs, reducing complexity and limiting risk. The Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA) defines storage efficiency in the SNIA Dictionary as follows:

$$\text{storage efficiency}={\frac {{\text{effective capacity}+{\text{free capacity}{\text{raw capacity}.}}}}}$$

The efficiency of an empty enterprise level system is commonly in the 4070% range, depending on what combination of RAID, mirroring and other data protection technologies are deployed, and may be even lower for highly redundant remotely mirrored systems. As data is stored on the system, technologies such as deduplication and compression may store data at a greater than 1-to-1 data size-to-space consumed ratio, and efficiency rises, often to over 100% for primary data, and thousands of percent for backup data.

## Technologies

Different technologies exist at different and sometimes multiple levels:

*Snapshot technology*known formally as "delta snapshot technology"gives the ability to use the same dataset multiple times for multiple reasons, while storing only the changes between each dataset. Some storage vendors integrate their snapshot capabilities at the operating system and/or application level, enabling access to the data the snapshots are holding at the system and/or application management layers. Terminology around snapshots and "clones" is currently confusing, and care must be taken when evaluating vendor claims. In particular, some vendors call full point-in-time copies "snapshots" or "clones", while others use the same terms to refer to shared-block "delta" snapshots or clones. And some implementations can only do read-only snapshots, while others are able to provide writable ones as well.

*Data deduplication technology* can be used to very efficiently track and remove duplicate blocks of data inside a storage unit. There are a multitude of implementations, each with their separate advantages and disadvantages. Deduplication is most efficient at the shared storage layer, however, implementations in software and even databases exist. The most suitable candidates for deduplication are backup and platform virtualization, because both applications typically produce or use a lot of almost identical copies. However, some vendors are now offering in-place deduplication, which deduplicates primary storage.

*Thin provisioning technology* is a technique to prevent under-utilization by sharing the allocated, but not yet utilized capacity. A good example is Gmail, where every Gmail account has a large amount of allocated capacity. Because most Gmail users only use a fraction of the allocated capacity, this "free space" is "shared" among all Gmail users.

## Major advantages

Actively increasing storage efficiency using these techniques has the following advantages:

*Backup and restore*. Using snapshots, time used for both backup and restore RTO can be minimized. This can greatly reduce cost, and reduce hours of downtime to seconds of downtime. Snapshots also allow for better RPO values.

*Reducing floorspace*. When less storage is required to store a given amount of data, less data center floorspace is required.

*Reducing energy use*. When fewer spindles are required to store a given amount of data, less power is required.

*Provisioning efficiency*. Writable delta snapshot technology allows for very fast provisioning of writable data copies. This reduces waiting time in processes that require that data. Examples are data mining, test data, etc. Snapshot integration at the OS and/or application level also leads to faster provisioning, because system and/or application managers are able to manage their own snapshots without having to wait for storage managers and/or provisioning procedures.

## Major commercial players

All major vendors are implementing one or more of these technologies, because storage efficiency is becoming more and more popular. Customers are facing storage requirements that are growing exponentially and a strong demand for cost-cutting. The major vendors are NetApp, EMC, HDS, IBM and HP.


abstract: Bryant Township is one of fifteen townships in Fillmore County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 422 at the 2020 census. The village of Shickley lies within the township.

text:
# Bryant Township, Fillmore County, Nebraska

**Bryant Township** is one of fifteen townships in Fillmore County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 422 at the 2020 census.

The village of Shickley lies within the township.

## InfoBox

| Bryant Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Location in Fillmore County | |
| Coordinates: 40°23′39″N 097°45′57″W / 40.39417°N 97.76583°W / 40.39417; -97.76583 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Nebraska |
| County | Fillmore |
| Area | |
| Total | 36.23 sq mi (93.83 km2) |
| Land | 36.12 sq mi (93.54 km2) |
| Water | 0.11 sq mi (0.29 km2)  0.31% |
| Elevation | 1,660 ft (506 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 422 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0837896 |


title: Billy Lynch (Australian footballer)

abstract: William Mayson Lynch was an Australian rules footballer who played with North Melbourne and Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

text:
# Billy Lynch (Australian footballer)

**William Mayson Lynch** (14 April 1909 – 21 March 1985) was an Australian rules footballer who played with North Melbourne and Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## InfoBox

| Billy Lynch | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | William Mayson Lynch | | |
| Date of birth | (1909-04-14)14 April 1909 | | |
| Place of birth | Kensington, Victoria | | |
| Date of death | 21 March 1985(1985-03-21) (aged 75) | | |
| Place of death | Ivanhoe, Victoria | | |
| Height | 188 cm (6 ft 2 in) | | |
| Weight | 84 kg (185 lb) | | |
| Position(s) | Defence / Follower | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1927–1929 | North Melbourne | 36 (4) |
| 1930–1931 | Essendon | 18 (1) |
| Total |  | **54 (5)** |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1931. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Eosentomon megatibiense

abstract: Eosentomon megatibiense is a species of proturan in the family Eosentomidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Eosentomon megatibiense

***Eosentomon megatibiense*** is a species of proturan in the family Eosentomidae. It is found in North America.

## InfoBox

| *Eosentomon megatibiense* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Order: | Protura |
| Family: | Eosentomidae |
| Genus: | *Eosentomon* |
| Species: | ***E. megatibiense*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eosentomon megatibiense***<br>Tipping & Allen, 1996 | |
|


title: Royce Willis

abstract: Royce Kevin Willis was an international rugby union player who represented New Zealand in 12 matches between 1998 and 2002.

text:
# Royce Willis

**Royce Kevin Willis** (born 28 August 1975 in Tokoroa) was an international rugby union player who represented New Zealand in 12 matches between 1998 and 2002.

## Rugby career

Willis was educated at Tauranga Boys College where he first began playing rugby, he made the national secondary schools sides for three seasons in the early 1990s. In 1994 while still at school he played one game for the Bay of Plenty representative side. He returned to do 2nd year in 7th form so that he could be a member of the successful rowing eight in the year below him. This crew went on to win the Maadi cup and Springbok shield.

Willis made the New Zealand Colts in 1995-96 and took a major step forward as a member of the Waikato representative side in 1997. Though he received just the one start in the NPC, Willis impressed as a replacement from the bench and shared in the Ranfurly Shield win over Auckland.

In 1998 he entered the Super made the New Zealand A squad for matches against England and Tonga.

With the World Cup looming in 1999 Willis was one of the players coach John Hart and his selectors turned to bolster the squad.

Willis took over from veteran Ian Jones and played the last two tests of the season, against South Africa and Australia.

He missed most of the 1999 Super 12 with the Chiefs, but he recovered in time to play a couple of matches for New Zealand A. He came on as a substitute in the final four domestic matches and was also used as a bench player in the World Cup with Robin Brooke and Norman Maxwell the preferred locks.

Jones was also in the squad and so Willis's chances were limited. At the World Cup he made five appearances, but started only in the pool match against Italy and in the third-fourth playoff against South Africa.

For the 2000 season, with Wayne Smith now the All Black coach, Willis was not a first choice selection as the All Blacks were concerned. He was overlooked in both the 2000 and the 2001 seasons, his only national representation coming with four appearances with New Zealand A on the tour of Europe at the end of the 2000 season.

In 2002 Willis was recalled to the All Black squad under the coaching now of John Mitchell. He made just one appearance, getting the final 10 minutes of the tri-nations test against the Springboks at the Wellington Stadium as a replacement. Willis had an excellent season with Waikato in the 2002 NPC but then departed along with other Waikato stalwarts such as Bruce Reihana and Deon Muir for overseas.

Willis managed 114 first class matches, of which 50 were for Waikato and 36 in the Super 12. Of his dozen tests eight were as a replacement or as a substitute.

Royce is now working as a physiotherapist specialising in balance disorders in Nelson, NZ

## Honours

## InfoBox

Royce Willis
| Date of birth | (1975-08-28) 28 August 1975 |
| --- | --- |
| Place of birth | Tokoroa |
| Height | 1.97 m (6 ft 5+12 in) |
| Weight | 120 kg (265 lb) |
| School | Tauranga Boys' College |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)**  Lock  Senior career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2003-2009 Kobelco Steelers   ()  Correct as of 2012  Provincial / State sides  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  Bay of Plenty   ()  - Waikato  50  ()  Super Rugby  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  Blues   ()  Chiefs   ()  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1998-2002 New Zealand  12  (0) | |


title: Ruel C. Walker

abstract: Ruel Carlile Walker was a justice of the Supreme Court of Texas from October 19, 1954 to September 30, 1975. Born in Cleburne, Texas, Walker received a B.A. from the University of Texas at Austin in 1931 and an LL.B. from the University of Texas School of Law in 1934. In 1954, Governor Allan Shivers appointed Walker to a seat on the Texas Supreme Court vacated by Graham B. Smedley.

text:
# Ruel C. Walker

**Ruel Carlile Walker** (February 26, 1910 – May 9, 1998) was a justice of the Supreme Court of Texas from October 19, 1954 to September 30, 1975.

Born in Cleburne, Texas, Walker received a B.A. from the University of Texas at Austin in 1931 and an LL.B. from the University of Texas School of Law in 1934.

In 1954, Governor Allan Shivers appointed Walker to a seat on the Texas Supreme Court vacated by Graham B. Smedley.


title: Russell Keable

abstract: Russell Keable is a British educator, composer and conductor. Keable studied conducting at the Royal College of Music with Norman Del Mar and later with George Hurst. Since 1983, he has been the principal conductor of London's Kensington Symphony Orchestra, and since 2006, the principal conductor of the University of Surrey's University Symphony Orchestra and Choir. Since 2006, Keable has taught conducting at the University of Surrey. Keable is a champion of rarely heard 20th Century works. A supporter of music of Erich Korngold, he gave the British premiere of Die tote Stadt in a concert performance. His research in LA led to the first live performance of Korngold's film score The Sea Hawk. He is a noted advocate for British composers. With the Kensington Symphony Orchestra, he has led first performances of works by many British composers, including Peter Maxwell Davies, John Woolrich, Robin Holloway, David Matthews and John McCabe. He has also made recordings of several works by Robert Simpson. His 2004 performance of the premiere of Errollyn Wallen's Spirit Symphony won the Ivors Composer Award in the BBC Radio 3 Listeners' category in 2005. Keable has written works for many British ensembles. His opera, Burning Waters, was commissioned by the Buxton Festival and premiered in 2000.

text:
# Russell Keable

**Russell Keable** is a British educator, composer and conductor. Keable studied conducting at the Royal College of Music with Norman Del Mar and later with George Hurst. Since 1983, he has been the principal conductor of London's Kensington Symphony Orchestra, and since 2006, the principal conductor of the University of Surrey's University Symphony Orchestra and Choir. Since 2006, Keable has taught conducting at the University of Surrey.

Keable is a champion of rarely heard 20th Century works. A supporter of music of Erich Korngold, he gave the British premiere of *Die tote Stadt* in a concert performance. His research in LA led to the first live performance of Korngold's film score *The Sea Hawk*. He is a noted advocate for British composers. With the Kensington Symphony Orchestra, he has led first performances of works by many British composers, including Peter Maxwell Davies, John Woolrich, Robin Holloway, David Matthews and John McCabe. He has also made recordings of several works by Robert Simpson. His 2004 performance of the premiere of Errollyn Wallen's *Spirit Symphony* won the Ivors Composer Award in the BBC Radio 3 Listeners' category in 2005.

Keable has written works for many British ensembles. His opera, *Burning Waters*, was commissioned by the Buxton Festival and premiered in 2000.

## InfoBox

| Russell Keable | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | England |
| Occupation(s) | composer and conductor |
| Employer | Kensington Symphony Orchestra |


title: Russell Kane

abstract: Russell Kane is an English writer, comedian, and actor. He has four times been nominated at the Edinburgh Comedy Awards, winning the Best Comedy Show award in 2010. Although known mainly for stand-up comedy, for television, he has presented Big Brother's Big Mouth (2007), I'm a Celebrity Get Me Out of Here - Now (2009-2011), Freak Like Me (2010), Geordie Shore: The Reunion and Britain Unzipped (2012), Live at the Electric (2013), Stupid Man, Smart Phone (2016), and hosted the BBC Radio 4 series Evil Genius in 2018 as well as a television show by the same name on Sky History in 2023.

text:
# Russell Kane

**Russell Kane** (born **Russell David Anthony Grineau**; 19 August 1975) is an English writer, comedian, and actor. He has four times been nominated at the Edinburgh Comedy Awards, winning the Best Comedy Show award in 2010. Although known mainly for stand-up comedy, for television, he has presented *Big Brother's Big Mouth* (2007), *I'm a Celebrity Get Me Out of Here - Now* (2009-2011), *Freak Like Me* (2010), *Geordie Shore: The Reunion* and *Britain Unzipped* (2012), *Live at the Electric* (2013), *Stupid Man, Smart Phone* (2016), and hosted the BBC Radio 4 series *Evil Genius* in 2018 as well as a television show by the same name on Sky History in 2023.

## Early life

Kane was born to David and Julie Grineau in Enfield, North London and brought up in Essex, where he still lives. He studied English at Middlesex University and graduated with a degree in Media Writing.

## Career

Kane's father had worked as an extra, and he himself took on a couple of youthful acting roles in the early 90s, under the name Russell Grineaux.

Turning to comedy, in 2004, Kane won the Laughing Horse New Act of the Year, and in the same year he was runner-up to Nick Sun in *So You Think You're Funny*. In 2005, he joined Ray Peacock, Russell Howard and Reginald D. Hunter on the national Paramount *Edinburgh and Beyond* tour. He was a roving reporter alongside Annie Mac, for the live music event *Guerrilla Gig*, which aired on BBC Three in March 2006. In July 2006, he wrote and presented travelogues for the newly launched Five US.

In August 2006, Kane performed his debut comedy show *The Theory of Pretension* at the Edinburgh Fringe, where he was nominated for a *best newcomer* Edinburgh Comedy Award. He presented *Big Brother's Big Mouth* on E4 and Channel 4 in June 2007.

In 2008, Kane was the host of BBC Radio 2's *Out to Lunch* from series 4 onwards. He presented a Sunday afternoon show on the relaunched Q Radio digital radio station. Later the same year, he took his stand-up show *Gaping Flaws* to Glasgow and the Edinburgh Festival, earning 2008 Best Comedy Show Nominee at the Edinburgh Comedy Awards. He also wrote an hour-long play, *The Lamentable Tragedie of Yates's Wine Lodge* based on his own creation of Fakespeare. On 20 November 2008, Kane performed at the Hammersmith Apollo for the BBC's *Live at the Apollo*.

In 2009, Kane returned to Edinburgh with a stand-up show entitled *Human Dressage*, which was nominated for 2009 Best Comedy Show Edinburgh Comedy Award for the second time. Kane appeared on the presenting team of the 2009 ITV2 spin-off show *I'm a Celebrity Get Me Out of Here – Now*, which he co-hosted with Laura Whitmore and Joe Swash. Two contestants that year were Gino D'Acampo and Katie Price. He returned to Australia for the show in 2010 and 2011.

In April 2010, while appearing on the Australian TV show *Good News Week*, Kane made a joke centred on autistic children, prompting an apology from the network and criticism from the Parliamentary Secretary for Disabilities. Later that year, Kane appeared live in Cardiff, along with his impressionist and comedienne wife Sadie Hasler, who preceded his act. Kane was narrator and presenter *Freak Like Me* on BBC Three during the winter of 2010.

In August 2011, he appeared for the first time on the BBC Radio Four comedy panel game *Just a Minute*, which he won. In November 2011, he won a *Children in Need* edition of *Celebrity Mastermind*, with the specialist subject "The Life and Novels of Evelyn Waugh". On 5 July 2011 and 27 March 2012, he presented *Geordie Shore: The Reunion* for MTV.

His debut novel, *The Humorist*, was published by Simon & Schuster in April 2012. In 2012, he co-presented *Britain Unzipped* with Greg James on BBC Three, which was renamed *Unzipped* for series 2. He was the presenter of the BBC Three show *Live at the Electric*, which ran for three series, and co-hosted the 2013 chat show *Staying In* with Greg James.

In 2016, Kane presented the BBC Three travel series *Stupid Man, Smart Phone*.

In January 2018, Kane participated in *And They're Off!* in aid of *Sport Relief*.

In March 2018, Kane started hosting the BBC Radio 4 series *Evil Genius*. This programme is an exploration of famous people in contemporary history.

## Awards

## Personal life

Kane married fellow comedian Sadie Hasler in 2010. They met while studying at Middlesex University. They divorced nine months later. He married hair and makeup artist and model, Lindsey Cole in 2014. They had met when Cole had attended one of his shows and later connected through social media. They have one daughter. Kane mentions he is often mistaken for Nick Grimshaw.

In 2015 it was revealed that Kane had been lying about his age, claiming to be five years younger than his true vintage.

Kane has been an ambassador for The Prince's Trust, a charity.

## Bibliography

* *The Humorist*, 2012 (novel)
* *Son of a Silverback*, 2019 (memoir)

## Stand-up DVDs

* *Smokescreens & Castles Live* (7 November 2011)
* *Live* (30 November 2015)

## InfoBox

| Russell Kane | |
| --- | --- |
| Kane in 2019 | |
| Born | Russell David Anthony Grineau
(1975-08-19) 19 August 1975
London, England |
| Occupation(s) | Writer, comedian, actor |
| Years active | 2004–present |
| Spouses | *   Sadie Hasler  (m. 2010; div. 2011) *   Lindsey Cole (m. 2014) |
| Website | russellkane.co.uk |