title: Through the Eyes

abstract: Through the Eyes is the first major label studio album by the American nu metal band Flaw. The album was released on October 30, 2001, on Universal, Uptown and Republic Records. Described as nu metal, Through the Eyes has melodic vocals, aggressive guitar riffs, screaming, melodic instrumentation and lyrics drawn from the childhood and adolescence of vocalist Chris Volz, who dealt with his adoptive mother's suicide, rebellious behavior and a formerly troubled relationship with his father. Some songs were soft and melodic whereas some other songs were heavy and featured screaming. Lyrics often are about topics like Volz' adoptive mother's suicide, trauma, frustration and stoicism. Flaw began in 1996, when the vocalist Volz answered an advertisement placed by band guitarist Jason Daunt for another guitarist. The band then recorded their first independent record, American Arrogance. In 2000, Flaw was noticed by Republic and Universal Records and signed a record deal. With producer David Bottrill, they recorded at Sound City in Los Angeles in early 2001. To promote Through the Eyes, Flaw released "Payback" and "Whole" and recorded music videos for the singles. Through the Eyes had moderate success, reaching number 119 on the Billboard 200 and number one on the Top Heatseekers chart. The album sold more than 150,000 copies. Through the Eyes received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics, who praised its vocals and instrumentation.

text:
# Through the Eyes

***Through the Eyes*** is the first major label studio album by the American nu metal band Flaw. The album was released on October 30, 2001, on Universal, Uptown and Republic Records. Described as nu metal, *Through the Eyes* has melodic vocals, aggressive guitar riffs, screaming, melodic instrumentation and lyrics drawn from the childhood and adolescence of vocalist Chris Volz, who dealt with his adoptive mother's suicide, rebellious behavior and a formerly troubled relationship with his father. Some songs were soft and melodic whereas some other songs were heavy and featured screaming. Lyrics often are about topics like Volz' adoptive mother's suicide, trauma, frustration and stoicism.

Flaw began in 1996, when the vocalist Volz answered an advertisement placed by band guitarist Jason Daunt for another guitarist. The band then recorded their first independent record, *American Arrogance*. In 2000, Flaw was noticed by Republic and Universal Records and signed a record deal. With producer David Bottrill, they recorded at Sound City in Los Angeles in early 2001.

To promote *Through the Eyes*, Flaw released "Payback" and "Whole" and recorded music videos for the singles. *Through the Eyes* had moderate success, reaching number 119 on the *Billboard* 200 and number one on the Top Heatseekers chart. The album sold more than 150,000 copies. *Through the Eyes* received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics, who praised its vocals and instrumentation.

## Background and recording

Many lyrics on *Through the Eyes* are drawn from Chris Volz' difficult childhood and adolescence. When he was 11 or 12 years old, his adoptive mother committed suicide. Volz began to embrace aggressive rock music and rebel against authority figures, including his teachers and his father, Joe. Joe sent Chris to military school, but Chris ran away. Joe then sent his son to several youth detention centers and, when Chris was 14, to a long-term drug rehabilitation center. Young Volz ran away from the center, and was picked up by police and placed in another juvenile detention center. The court ruled that Volz was not a candidate for rehab and Joe was ordered by the police to take him back, which embittered him toward his son. As Volz grew older, his relationship with Joe improved and his father was the best man at his wedding.

Flaw formed in 1996, when guitarist Jason Daunt placed an advertisement for another guitarist and Volz answered. They then recorded their first independent record, *American Arrogance* in 1997. In 2000, Flaw played at CBGB in New York City, when they were noticed by Republic and Universal Records executives and signed a deal with the labels. With producer David Bottrill, they recorded at Sound City in Los Angeles in early 2001.

## Music and lyrics

Described as nu metal, *Through the Eyes* includes singing, screaming, aggressive guitar riffs and melodic instrumentation. "Get Up Again" and "Reliance" have an aggressive sound, and "My Letter" and "Best I Am" are softer. The album has been compared to the music of Disturbed, Tool, Linkin Park, Factory 81, A Perfect Circle and Saliva.

> "I would say that it's a very diverse album in terms of musical content. I mean, we touch on a lot of different areas from a really straight-forward heavy metal sound to all kinds of different layers and textures. We all like different kinds of music and so we didn't want to make an album with one kind of sound. We wanted it to be very diverse because life is like that. There's times when you feel angry, when you feel sad, when you feel happy or even lost. We wanted to incorporate all those feelings into a sound that would actually give the industry a hard time of labeling us."

Flaw vocalist Chris Volz, speaking about the album's music

*Through the Eyes*' lyrics are drawn from vocalist Chris Volz's life, including his childhood; "Whole" is about the suicide of his adoptive mother. Volz said about the song, "Everything in that song touches from sadness to anger to grief to blaming myself to confusion. I just really wanted to go as deep into it as I possibly could and still be able to come back. She was the one who got me into music. She was an operatic singer, and for me to go wholly into music has kept a part of her alive inside of me".

According to Jon Wiederhorn of MTV, "Inner Strength", "Get Up Again" and "Reliance" are about trauma and frustration: "If art could accurately imitate life's many nuances, Flaw's *Through the Eyes* would be one of the most powerful, traumatizing nü-metal records ever". Volz said about the meaning of "Get Up Again", "It's about never letting one thing or one circumstance get the best of you and try to turn a negative around into something positive. So, whether it was because I was adopted or my mom's suicide when I was younger or having to take my dad to court so I could take charge of my life, that song kinda stands for dealing with life's problems and never feeling sorry for yourself and actually coming out on top". He said that "Inner Strength" is about "finding your own road and really developing that 'inner strength' part of your personality"; "Only the Strong" is "really about realizing you have the power to feel about yourself the way you want and everyone else can fuck off. There are so many people that will try to bring you down, so instead of listening to what those people have to say, besides from family, friends, and loved ones. Just knowing that you are strong and that will help everyone survive".

## Promotion, release and critical reception

### Promotion and release

*Through the Eyes* was released by Universal, Uptown and Republic Records on October 30, 2001. Two songs have music videos: "Payback" and "Whole". The music video for "Payback" premiered in the summer of 2001. The second single, "Whole", was released on May 20, 2002. The album peaked at number 119 on the *Billboard* 200 on June 15, 2002 and number one on the Heatseekers Albums chart on June 22, 2002. It sold 7,000 copies per week for several weeks, and has sold over 150,000 copies. "Only the Strong" appears on the soundtrack for *The Scorpion King*, which sold 90,000 copies in the week after its release. The soundtrack reached number eight on the *Billboard* 200 before climbing to number five. The song "Get Up Again" was featured in the soundtrack to the 2004 video game *MX Unleashed*, as well as for *UFC 2009: Undisputed*.

### Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| ThePRP |  |
| Melodic |  |

*Through the Eyes* received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics. According to Mark Jenkins of the *Washington Post*, "Like Sevendust, Flaw is apparently still smarting from childhood trauma" and, ultimately, "Flaw lets its guard down". *ThePRP* gave *Through the Eyes* 3.5 out of 5, and said that the album "is a strong showing from a band who have a lot to offer". It praised the album's musicianship, saying that the only "flaw" was that Flaw "could benefit from trimming some of the proverbial fat a bit closer to the bone next time out, because in their current state, they at times can feel a bit too long winded and unnecessary". AntiGUY of AntiMUSIC gave *Through the Eyes* four smiley faces and wrote that the album "is the perfect counter argument \[*sic*\] to those who would casually dismiss the nu metal genre as only simplistic drop tuned guitars pounding out unremitting powerchords and primal screaming vocals". AntiGUY praised Volz' vocals, comparing Flaw to Factory 81 and A Perfect Circle. According to Brian O'Neill of AllMusic, "A few catchy tracks – such as the lead single, "Payback," and the eerie "My Letter" – are surrounded by filler that fails to stick". However, O'Neill called Volz' singing "powerful and melodious". Andy Schwegler wrote that *Through the Eyes* "is perfect if you want 13 tracks of jamming for your car, but it ultimately runs thin in the long run".

## Album cover

The album cover depicts a pensive-looking young boy with a zipped-shut mouth. Volz elaborates: "The cover of our album is a 12-year-old little boy who doesn't look like he's in pain, but it looks like he's got a world of things he wants to say, but his mouth is zippered shut. And that's kind of the way I felt throughout most of my childhood."

## Track listing

All music written and arranged by Flaw. Lyrics by Chris Volz.

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Only the Strong" | 4:19 |
| 2. | "Payback" | 4:02 |
| 3. | "My Letter" | 4:35 |
| 4. | "Get Up Again" | 2:57 |
| 5. | "Whole" | 3:52 |
| 6. | "Amendment" | 5:20 |
| 7. | "Scheme" | 3:49 |
| 8. | "What I Have to Do" | 5:41 |
| 9. | "Inner Strength" | 3:43 |
| 10. | "Best I Am" | 4:36 |
| 11. | "Out of Whack" | 3:47 |
| 12. | "Reliance" | 3:25 |
| 13. | "One More Time" (Hidden track: "Only the Strong" \[piano version\] at 6:19) | 4:17/4:51 |
| Total length: | | 66.6 minutes |

Bonus Tracks
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 14. | "No Time" | 4:08 |
| 15. | "Away" | 3:09 |

Special Edition
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 14. | "Away" | 3:09 |
| 15. | "No Time" (Hidden track: "Only the Strong" \[piano version\] at 6:08) | 4:08/4:51 |

## Personnel

Adapted from AllMusic.

## Chart positions

| Chart (2002) | Peak position |
| --- | --- |
| *Billboard* 200 | 119 |
| Heatseekers Albums | 1 |

## InfoBox

| Through the Eyes | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Flaw | |
| Released | October 30, 2001 |
| Recorded | 2001 |
| Studio |  |
| Genre | Nu metal |
| Length | 61:18 |
| Label |  |
| Producer | David Bottrill |
| Flaw chronology | |
| *Drama*
(2000) ***Through the Eyes***
(2001) *Endangered Species*
(2004) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Through the Eyes* | |
| 1. "Payback"
Released: 2001 2. "Whole"
Released: May 20, 2002 | |
|  | |


title: Tim Be Told

abstract: Tim Be Told was a Contemporary Christian music group founded in 2006 and originating in Charlottesville, VA, and since 2016 continuing as a solo act under the same name by band lead singer Tim Ouyang. Ouyang also works as an interior designer in San Francisco Bay Area

text:
# Tim Be Told

**Tim Be Told** was a Contemporary Christian music group founded in 2006 and originating in Charlottesville, VA, and since 2016 continuing as a solo act under the same name by band lead singer **Tim Ouyang**. Ouyang also works as an interior designer in San Francisco Bay Area

## Musical style

The musical style of the band incorporated elements of soul, pop, rock, gospel and blues. Their name was derived from the term "truth be told", where honesty is one of the band's focuses. Their goal within the music industry was to promote the themes of honesty, hope, redemption, and change. In 2008, they won the University of Virginia's "Battle of the Bands" competition. Despite their accomplishments, the band was still somewhat unknown in the traditional communities, including Christian radio. Much of this changed when the track "Analyze" off of their *From the Inside* album grew popular with various Contemporary Christian music outlets, such as the Gospel Music Channel, which used the video as their weekly feature.

## Members

Original members (since 2006) * Tim Ouyang - lead singer, songwriter, keyboards (of Chinese origin)
* Andrew Chae - lead guitar (of Korean origin)
* Luan Nguyen - guitar, back-up vocalist (of Vietnamese origin)
* Jim Barredo - drummer (of Filipino origin)
* Parker Stanley (since 2007) - bass guitar

Joining in * William Jin -
* Tim Elder -
* Caleb Wu (since 2011) - drums

### Tim Ouyang

Tim Ouyang, born Timothy Ouyang, a Chinese American, was the lead singer and songwriter of Tim Be Told and now a solo carrying the name as a stage name. He is also a keyboard player and interior designer. He came out as gay in 2015. He resides in the California Bay Area. Tim has performed the national anthem for NBA's Golden State Warriors and produced and wrote for many including 106 & Park rapper and actor MC Jin and wrote "Secrets" for gospel singer Israel Houghton. The song was nominated for an Emmy in 2019.

## Break-up

With the 2016 album *Friends and Foes*, the group had disbanded and lead singer Tim Ouyang continued the project as a solo act. Soon afterward, he came out as gay. In 2020, Ouyang released a new album still keeping the name Tim Be Told. The album is titled *Love and Happiness*.

## Band career

### *Getting By* and *From the Inside*

Tim Be Told released their debut LP, titled *Getting By* in 2007. Their second project was an EP titled *From the Inside*, which was released in 2009. The album was positively compared by critics to the likes of The Fray and Maroon 5, and was critically considered to be a leap forward for the band, due to what many considered to be a "more mature sound". After their second album was released, Tim Be Told was featured in *Audrey* magazine. and *The Hook* weekly, as well as played regularly on WCNR (106.1 the Corner) and on KBIF. Throughout the tour following *From the Inside*'s release, Tim Be Told became more well known around college campuses, as well as the online Christian community.

### *Humanity*

Throughout late 2010, Tim be Told lost three of its members, leaving only a two-man crew consisting of Timothy Ouyang and Andrew Chae. Although at that point most of the songs for their next album had already been written, Ouyang stated on a number of times that the album almost wasn't released and that the band was close to folding. However, they were able to complete the recording in early 2011, and shortly after, acquired new drummer Caleb Wu. In March, 2011, Tim Be Told announced that their new album, entitled *Humanity* would be shipped to the general public on March 22, 2011. There would also be 300 albums available for pre-order that would be shipped on March 20. Within a few days, the 300 albums were sold out, and ordering was opened to the public nine days later, on March 22.

On August 16, 2011, Tim Be Told released a completely new version of "Gravity's Hold", a song which first appeared on their debut album. The song was available to be purchased as a single, or was free when buying a digital copy of their *Humanity* album on their BandCamp page .

### *Mighty Sound*

In late 2012, Tim Be Told made several updates on their Facebook page that they were in the process of preparing to record a new album, and subsequently began to play some new songs at their live shows, including "Winners and Losers" and "Temple of Stone". On March 21, 2013, Tim Be Told announced that the official title of their upcoming album would be *Mighty Sound,* and they held an artwork submission contest for the album cover. On December 10, 2013, Tim Be Told announced, along with pre-ordering, that the album would be available December 16, 2013. After the album's release, two music videos were filmed for the songs "The Battle Hymn" and "Mighty Sound".

## Solo career

Tim Ouyang (born Timothy Ouyang) is a singer, composer, record producer, mixer and graphic artist and interior designer in the San Francisco Bay Area. He studied music at Berklee College of Music.

### *Friends and Foes*

Tim Be told released the album *Friends and Foes* in 2016. As the group had disbanded leaving the lead singer Tim Ouyang all alone, he decided to go on as a solo act recording the album with session musicians. The track "Lay Your Burdens Down" created the most interest as it considered the acceptance of homosexuality in Christian churches. Soon after in 2017, Tim Ouyang came out as gay, with the church absolving him of his role as a worship leader. He addressed the issue of his homosexuality in a personal blog and in an article in *Inheritance Magazine* in an article "The Dark Voice" on February 1, 2017 Most concert opportunities dried up for Tim with him considering quitting the music business altogether.

### *Love and Happiness*

Tim Ouyang worked three years after coming out writing songs that he released in a recent solo album under the title *Love and Happiness* in 2020, but keeping the original band name Tim Be Told. Now as a gay Christian, he addressed in the album difficult subjects including experiences with love, disappointment, disbelief, faith, hope, and God, vulnerability as a gay man, decision to continue a closeted life as a believer or coming out, hypocrisy and corruption in the church, loneliness of the young in modern culture, etc.

## Discography

### Albums and EPs

(Until 2016 as a band, starting 2016 as a solo act)

| Title | Year | Label |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Getting By* | 2007 | Independent |
| *From the Inside* (EP) | 2009 | Independent |
| *Humanity* | 2011 | Independent |
| *Mighty Sound* | 2013 | Independent |
| *Friends and Foes* | 2016 | Independent |
| *Love and Happiness* | 2020 | Independent |
|

Other albums

| Title | Year | Label |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Mighty Sound Deluxe* | 2015 | Independent |
|

### Singles

(Until 2016 as a band, starting 2016 as a solo act)

| Title | Year | Album |
| --- | --- | --- |
| "Stand By Me" | 2007 | *N/A* |
| "Baby King" | 2008 | *N/A* |
| "Gravity's Hold" (New Version) | 2011 | *N/A* |
| "The Battle Hymn"
(with Jae Jin, Michelle Chae, Psalm Bird, Calie Garrett) | 2013 | *Mighty Sound* |
| "Mighty Sound" | 2014 | *Mighty Sound* |
| "The Rising Sun"
(feat. Calie Garrett and Yolonda Jones) | 2014 | *N/A* |
| "One Chance" | 2014 | *N/A* |
| "Toll The Bell" | 2014 | *N/A* |
| "End of the Day" | 2014 | *N/A* |
| "All Ye Nations"
(feat. Calie Garrett, Dustin Keele, Jae Jin, Michelle Chae, Yolonda Jones) | 2014 | *N/A* |
| "Into the Stars"
(feat. MC Jin) | 2015 | *N/A* |
| "Two Hearts On Fire" | 2015 | *N/A* |
| "Love Ain't No Love" | 2015 | *Mighty Sound Deluxe* |
| "Friends and Foes" | 2016 | *Friends and Foes* |
| "Weeping Into Praise" | 2018 | *N/A* |
| "Again" | 2020 | *Love and Happiness* |
| "Me to You" | | |

## InfoBox

| Tim Be Told | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Charlottesville, VA United States |
| Genres | Pop
Gospel
Rock
R&B |
| Years active | 2006–2015 (band) /
2016-presently solo |
| Labels | Independent |
|  | |
| Members | Tim Ouyang |
|  | |
| Past members | Jim Barredo
Parker Stanley
William Jin
Luan Nguyen
Tim Elder
Andrew Chae
Caleb Wu |
|  | |
| Website | Official Website |


title: Tim Bearden

abstract: Timothy Bearden is an American politician. He is a member of the Georgia State Senate from the 30th district, serving since 2024 after winning a special election to replace previous senator Mike Dugan. He previously served in the Georgia House of Representatives from the 68th district, serving from 2005 to 2011. He is a member of the Republican Party. Bearden was also appointed director of the Georgia Public Safety Training Center by former governor Nathan Deal in 2011.

text:
# Tim Bearden

**Timothy Bearden** is an American politician. He is a member of the Georgia State Senate from the 30th district, serving since 2024 after winning a special election to replace previous senator Mike Dugan. He previously served in the Georgia House of Representatives from the 68th district, serving from 2005 to 2011. He is a member of the Republican Party. Bearden was also appointed director of the Georgia Public Safety Training Center by former governor Nathan Deal in 2011.

## InfoBox

| Tim Bearden | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Georgia State Senate
from the 30th district | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
February 21, 2024 | |
| Preceded by | Mike Dugan |
| Member of the Georgia House of Representatives
from the 68th district | |
| **In office**
January 10, 2005  November 1, 2011 | |
| Preceded by | Chuck Harper |
| Succeeded by | Dustin Hightower |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Triska Bearden |
| Children | 2 |
|  | |


abstract:
The Eastern Goldfields Trades and Labour Council was a trades and labour council (TLC) based in the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia. The first Western Australian trades and labour council conference had been held in Coolgardie in 1899.
The Eastern Goldfields was the council for trade unions in the goldfields in Western Australia.
It attempted to mediate and act for a range of trade unions based in Kalgoorlie-Boulder and nearby localities. It was an organiser of social events such as eight hour day celebratory picnics at Mungari.

text:
# Eastern Goldfields Trades and Labour Council

The **Eastern Goldfields Trades and Labour Council** was a trades and labour council (TLC) based in the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia.

The first Western Australian trades and labour council conference had been held in Coolgardie in 1899. The Eastern Goldfields was the council for trade unions in the goldfields in Western Australia. It attempted to mediate and act for a range of trade unions based in Kalgoorlie-Boulder and nearby localities.

It was an organiser of social events such as eight hour day celebratory picnics at Mungari.


title: Eastern Goldfields College

abstract: Eastern Goldfields College is a public co-educational high day school, located in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. It is located on the Curtin University campus in Kalgoorlie and shares many facilities with the University. The College accepts year 11 and 12 students from across the Goldfields region.

text:
# Eastern Goldfields College

**Eastern Goldfields** **College** is a public co-educational high day school, located in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. It is located on the Curtin University campus in Kalgoorlie and shares many facilities with the University. The College accepts year 11 and 12 students from across the Goldfields region.

## History

The school was formerly a part of Eastern Goldfields Senior High School, but the school split in 2006 onto two separate campuses. The original site on Boomerang Crescent became Kalgoorlie-Boulder Community High School with classes for years 7-10. Senior students were moved to the local Curtin University campus and the students benefited from the high quality university facilities that were made available to them, particularly in the areas of trade and hospitality. The name of the school and its pegasus logo were made official in 2006.

## Enrolment

Enrolments at the school were generally growing in the first three years, however it dipped significantly between 2011 and 2013.

Enrolments in Semester 2 of each school year (provided by the Department of Education)
| Year | *2007* | *2008* | *2009* | *2010* | *2011* | *2012* | *2013* | *2014* | *2015* | *2016* | *2017* | *2018* | *2019* |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| No. of enrolments | 395 | 573 | 608 | 605 | 559 | 488 | 389 | 436 | 460 | 470 | 456 | 457 | 427 |
| Change from previous year |  | +178 | +35 | –3 | –46 | –73 | –99 | +47 | +24 | +10 | –14 | +1 | –30 |

## Sport

The College competes annually at country week, which is a sporting competition held in Perth between country high schools. Eastern Goldfields has competed in sports including hockey, netball, basketball, football, soccer, volleyball, speech, and debate.

Eastern Goldfields has also competed in rugby union games against rival high school John Paul College (Kalgoorlie). This competition began in 2006 and is held annually. Both the Year 11 and 12's and the year 8-10's represent their own 15-man squads.

### Sources

## InfoBox

| Eastern Goldfields College | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 70 Cassidy Street
Kalgoorlie, Western Australia
Australia | |
| Coordinates | 30°45′04″S 121°28′29″E / 30.751233°S 121.474627°E / -30.751233; 121.474627 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public co-educational high day school |
| Motto | Upward & Onward |
| Established | 2006 (2006) |
| Educational authority | WA Department of Education |
| Principal | Dan McCormack |
| Enrolment | 457 (2018) |
| Campus type | Rural |
| Colour(s) | Navy blue and white |
| Website | www.egc.wa.edu.au |


title: Time Riders (TV series)

abstract: Time Riders is a 4-part 1991 CITV show directed by Michael Winterbottom and starring Haydn Gwynne as Dr. B. B. Miller, a motorbike riding time traveler. Location filming was carried out at the Polytechnic of Wales for scenes set in the modern day, whilst those set in the past occurred at Chepstow Castle. A novelisation of the series written by Eldridge was published in 1991. It was illustrated by Mark Robertson.

text:
# Time Riders (TV series)

***Time Riders*** is a 4-part 1991 CITV show directed by Michael Winterbottom and starring Haydn Gwynne as Dr. B. B. Miller, a motorbike riding time traveler.

Location filming was carried out at the Polytechnic of Wales for scenes set in the modern day (Part One and the end of Part Four), whilst those set in the past (Parts Two, Three and the bulk of Part Four) occurred at Chepstow Castle.

A novelisation of the series written by Eldridge (ISBN 0-09-993940-1) was published in 1991. It was illustrated by Mark Robertson.

## Cast

## Episode List

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Part One" | Michael Winterbottom | Jim Eldridge | 16 October 1991 (1991-10-16) |
| After her experimental time machine accidentally retrieves Ben Hardy from 1832, Dr BB Miller must prevent him from being captured by the unscrupulous Professor Crow. They are eventually forced to flee into the past to escape. | | | | | |
| 2 | "Part Two" | Michael Winterbottom | Jim Eldridge | 23 October 1991 (1991-10-23) |
| BB and Ben land amidst a battle of the English Civil War. After being held prisoner by the Roundheads, they manage to escape, but end up taking a plunge off the top of the castle walls. | | | | | |
| 3 | "Part Three" | Michael Winterbottom | Jim Eldridge | 30 October 1991 (1991-10-30) |
| BB and Ben gain sanctuary with some Royalists, only to find that they are no less dangerous. | | | | | |
| 4 | "Part Four" | Michael Winterbottom | Jim Eldridge | 6 November 1991 (1991-11-06) |
| Having been recaptured by the Roundheads, BB and Ben incite the suspicions of a witchfinder. They eventually manage to escape and return to the 20th Century, arriving before they originally left. It is implied that BB adopts Ben. | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| *Time Riders* | |
| --- | --- |
| Created by | Jim Eldridge |
| Directed by | Michael Winterbottom |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Original language | English |
| No. of series | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 4 |
| Production | |
| Producer | Alan Horrox |
| Running time | 22 minutes |
| Production company | Thames Television |
| Original release | |
| Network | ITV (CITV) |
| Release | 16 October (1991-10-16) <br>6 November 1991 (1991-11-06) |


title: Tianya Haijiao

abstract: Tianya Haijiao is a popular visitor attraction 24 kilometres (15 mi) west of Sanya city, Hainan, China. The venue is considered the southernmost point of China's land area despite the fact that Jinmu Cape actually is. It is for this reason that it is a popular sightseeing destination for tourists, as well as the fact that, on clear days, various islets are visible. In Chinese literature, the cape is mentioned in many famous poems, such as "I will follow you to Tian-Ya-Hai-Jiao", which means the couple will never be separated. Therefore, many newlyweds spend part of their honeymoon visiting the place. The term is also used to refer to other similar locations such as Cabo da Roca.

text:
# Tianya Haijiao

**Tianya Haijiao** (Chinese: 天涯海角; pinyin: *Tiānyá Hǎijiǎo*; lit. 'Edges of the heaven', ' corners of the sea') is a popular visitor attraction 24 kilometres (15 mi) west of Sanya city, Hainan, China.

The venue is considered the southernmost point of China's land area despite the fact that Jinmu Cape actually is. It is for this reason that it is a popular sightseeing destination for tourists, as well as the fact that, on clear days, various islets are visible.

In Chinese literature, the cape is mentioned in many famous poems, such as "*I will follow you to Tian-Ya-Hai-Jiao*", which means the couple will never be separated. Therefore, many newlyweds spend part of their honeymoon visiting the place.

The term is also used to refer to other similar locations such as Cabo da Roca.

* The Rocks of Sun and Moon (日月石) are two boulders near hundreds of other uniquely shaped rocks. Here the "Sun" refers to "husband" and the "Moon" refers to "wife". Looking from the distance, they resemble a couple entwined to each other but they are in fact separate rocks.
* Southern Heaven Rock (南天一柱), a boulder near the Rock of Sun and Moon, with a famous poem of Fan Yun-Ti (范雲梯) inscribed on its top.
* Tian-Ya Cliff (天涯), with an inscription by Cheng Zhe on the top.
* Pre-Historic Shell Museum

18°17′28″N 109°20′50″E / 18.2911°N 109.3472°E / 18.2911; 109.3472


title: Eastern Bay

abstract: The Eastern Bay is a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay located between Queen Anne's County, Maryland and Talbot County, Maryland on the Eastern Shore. Its main tributaries include the Miles River and the Wye River. It is located south of the Chester River and north of the Choptank River and is connected to the Chester River via Kent Narrows. A ferry across the Eastern Bay run by the Claiborne-Annapolis Ferry Company used to connect the communities of Romancoke and Claiborne until December 31, 1952.

text:
# Eastern Bay

The **Eastern Bay** is a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay located between Queen Anne's County, Maryland and Talbot County, Maryland on the Eastern Shore. Its main tributaries include the Miles River and the Wye River. It is located south of the Chester River and north of the Choptank River and is connected to the Chester River via Kent Narrows.

A ferry across the Eastern Bay run by the Claiborne-Annapolis Ferry Company used to connect the communities of Romancoke and Claiborne until December 31, 1952.

## InfoBox

| Eastern Bay | |
| --- | --- |
| Sunset over the Eastern Bay | |
| Eastern BayEastern Bay | |
| Coordinates | 38°52′47″N 76°16′11″W / 38.87972°N 76.26972°W / 38.87972; -76.26972 |
| Type | Bay |
|  | |
| Surface elevation | 0 feet (0 m) |


title: Tim Kellett

abstract: Tim Kellett is an English musician, songwriter and record producer.

text:
# Tim Kellett

**Tim Kellett** (born 23 July 1964 in Knaresborough, Yorkshire, England) is an English musician, songwriter and record producer.

## Biography

Kellett has worked in the British music industry for the past twenty eight years. His professional career began in 1984, when he joined the British post-punk band the Durutti Column as trumpeter, but he left in 1985 to join Simply Red where he also played keyboards and performed backing vocals live. According to MTV he joined Simply Red earlier in 1981. They had a No.2 UK / No.1 US hit in 1986 with "Holding Back The Years". Kellett left the band in 1991. In 1994, Kellett formed Olive with Robin Taylor-Firth, also of Nightmares on Wax. Olive had a No.1 UK hit in May 1997 with "You're Not Alone" before going on hiatus in 2001.

Kellett also had success in writing songs for the Lighthouse Family and, more recently, James Morrison and Matthew Ward. Other collaborations include Nate James, Ella Chi, Emma Bunton, Gareth Gates, Girls Aloud, Christophe William and Taio Cruz. The latter wrote and produced with Kellett on the track "Never Gonna Get Us" for Cruz's 2008 *Departure* album.

## Discography

### The Durutti Column

* *Without Mercy* (1984)
* *Circuses and Bread* (1986)

### Simply Red

### Olive

### James Morrison

## Further reading

* *The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll* – 3rd Edition
* *The 1000 UK Number One Hits*

## InfoBox

| Tim Kellett | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1964-07-23) 23 July 1964 |
| Origin | Knaresborough, Yorkshire, England |
| Instruments | Trumpet, keyboards |
| Years active | 1984–present |


abstract: Timber Creek High School is a public high school located in the city of Fort Worth, Texas which is served by the Keller Independent School District. The campus opened its doors in the fall of 2009 and was Keller ISD's fourth high school. Its first graduating class was in the spring of 2012. In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency. A majority of the students zoned for TCHS live in the city limits of Fort Worth in an area roughly bordered by Interstate 35 to the west, Highway 170 on the north, Highway 377 to the east, and Heritage Trace Parkway to the south. As of the 2015–2016 school year, the campus housed approximately 3275 students in grades 9-12. The school coffeeshop, The Daily Grind, opened in 2017, the first of its kind in Keller ISD. Students selected the name of the establishment via a poll on Twitter. The coffeeshop makes a "Falconccino", which is similar to a frappucino with the name referring to the school mascot; a student created the name of the drink. Students also designed the appearance of the coffeeshop. The school faced controversy in February 2024 for the cancellation of the upcoming production of The Laramie Project. However, after community outrage, as well as members of the theater department reaching out to the press, the school district eventually reversed the cancellation.

text:
# Timber Creek High School (Fort Worth, Texas)

**Timber Creek High School** is a public high school located in the city of Fort Worth, Texas which is served by the Keller Independent School District. The campus opened its doors in the fall of 2009 and was Keller ISD's fourth high school. Its first graduating class was in the spring of 2012. In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

A majority of the students zoned for TCHS live in the city limits of Fort Worth in an area roughly bordered by Interstate 35 to the west, Highway 170 on the north, Highway 377 to the east, and Heritage Trace Parkway to the south. As of the 2015–2016 school year, the campus housed approximately 3275 students in grades 9-12.

The school coffeeshop, The Daily Grind, opened in 2017, the first of its kind in Keller ISD. Students selected the name of the establishment via a poll on Twitter. The coffeeshop makes a "Falconccino", which is similar to a frappucino with the name referring to the school mascot; a student created the name of the drink. Students also designed the appearance of the coffeeshop.

The school faced controversy in February 2024 for the cancellation of the upcoming production of The Laramie Project. However, after community outrage, as well as members of the theater department reaching out to the press, the school district eventually reversed the cancellation.

## Athletics

The Timber Creek Falcons compete in these sports:

During the 2022-2023 School year, 2 students in the Timber Creek Wrestling program went to the state finals, and won first place.

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

| Timber Creek High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| 12350 Timberland Boulevard
Fort Worth, Texas 76244
United States | |
| Coordinates | 32°56′59″N 97°17′15″W / 32.9497°N 97.2876°W / 32.9497; -97.2876 |
| Information | |
| Type | High School |
| Established | September 2009 |
| School district | Keller Independent School District |
| Superintendent | Rick Westfall |
| Principal | Shawn Duhon |
| Faculty | 201.78 (FTE) |
| Grades | 9-12 |
| Enrollment | 3,140 (2022-23) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 15.56 |
| Campus size | 6A |
| Campus type | Public high school |
| Color(s) | Purple and Vegas Gold
 |
| Team name | Falcons |
| Newspaper | *Timber Creek Talon* |
| Yearbook | *The Creek* |
| Feeder schools | Trinity Springs Middle School and Timberview Middle School |
| Website | Official website |


title: Eagle Bluff Light

abstract: The Eagle Bluff Light, also known as Eagle Bluff lighthouse, or simply Eagle Bluff, is a lighthouse located near Ephraim in Peninsula State Park in Door County, Wisconsin. Construction was authorized in 1866, but the lighthouse was not actually built until 1868 at a cost of $12,000. It was automated in 1926. Restoration work began on the Eagle Bluff Light in 1960 and was completed in 1963, upon completion the Lighthouse was opened for tours. The lighthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.

text:
# Eagle Bluff Light

The **Eagle Bluff Light**, also known as Eagle Bluff lighthouse, or simply Eagle Bluff, is a lighthouse located near Ephraim in Peninsula State Park in Door County, Wisconsin. Construction was authorized in 1866, but the lighthouse was not actually built until 1868 at a cost of $12,000. It was automated in 1926. Restoration work began on the Eagle Bluff Light in 1960 and was completed in 1963, upon completion the Lighthouse was opened for tours. The lighthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.

## Geography

Located in what is modern-day Peninsula State Park. Situated on a 76-foot bluff that overlooks the Strawberry Channel, Eagle Bluff's mission is to illuminate the islands located in the middle of the strawberry channel. This mission is what gives Eagle Bluff its nickname "The Guardian of the Strawberry Channel".

Much of Door County is located on the Niagara Escarpment. The escarpment makes it very hard to dig into the soil of Door County and for this reason it is very unusual to have a basement in Door County. Eagle Bluff has two basements. One under the tower and one under the keeper's residence.

## Door County Historical Society

The Door County Historical Society, also known as DCHS, has maintained the Eagle Bluff Light from 1960 to the present day. DCHS was responsible for the restoration of Eagle Bluff. These restorations were led by a woman known as Ida Bay. Currently DCHS is raising money to reconstruct the barn, and the summer kitchen that were originally located on the property. To this day DCHS runs tours through the keeper's residence and the tower of Eagle Bluff.

## Keepers

There were three keepers who maintained the Eagle Bluff Light: Henry Stanley, William Duclon, and Peter Coughlin.

### Henry Stanley (1868–1883)

### William Duclon (1883–1918)

The longest serving keeper in Eagle Bluff's history, William Duclon and his wife Julia Duclon (née Davenport) raised their seven sons in this lighthouse. Eagle Bluff has been restored to the time period of the Duclons, some of their original possessions can be seen on display in the home today.

The youngest son of William and Julia, Walter Duclon, helped with the restorations of Eagle Bluff. He provided personal stories, artifacts, and family documents to help aid in the creation of the museum that is now housed in the keeper's residence.

### Peter Coughlin (1918–1926)

## Further reading

* Havighurst, Walter (1943) *The Long Ships Passing: The Story of the Great Lakes*, Macmillan Publishers.
* Oleszewski, Wes, *Great Lakes Lighthouses, American and Canadian: A Comprehensive Directory/Guide to Great Lakes Lighthouses*, (Gwinn, Michigan: Avery Color Studios, Inc., 1998) ISBN 0-932212-98-0.
* Pepper, Terry. "*Seeing the Light: Lighthouses on the western Great Lakes*". Archived from the original on 2022-04-02.
* Sapulski, Wayne S., (2001) *Lighthouses of Lake Michigan: Past and Present* (Paperback) (Fowlerville: Wilderness Adventure Books) ISBN 0-923568-47-6; ISBN 978-0-923568-47-4.
* Wright, Larry and Wright, Patricia, *Great Lakes Lighthouses Encyclopedia* Hardback (Erin: Boston Mills Press, 2006) ISBN 1-55046-399-3.

1. Eagle Bluff Lighthouse in Lighthouse Resources: Historic Lighthouses & Light Stations, *United States Coast Guard*
2. *Light List, Volume VII, Great Lakes* (PDF). Light List. United States Coast Guard. 2014.
3. "National Register Information System". *National Register of Historic Places*. National Park Service. November 2, 2013.
4. The Sturgeon Bay Maritime Museum
5. "Eagle Bluff Light Station". *Door County Historical Society*. 2018-12-19. Archived from the original on 2020-06-22. Retrieved 2019-08-12.
6. Badtke, Frances (1964). *Eagle Lighthouse*. Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin: Door County Publishing Co. p. 39.

## InfoBox

Eagle Bluff Light
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Ephraim, Wisconsin |
| Coordinates | 45°10′07.3″N 87°14′11.98″W / 45.168694°N 87.2366611°W / 45.168694; -87.2366611 |
| Tower | |
| Constructed | 1868 |
| Foundation | Concrete |
| Construction | Cream City brick |
| Automated | 1926 |
| Height | 43 feet (13 m) |
| Shape | Square |
| Heritage | National Register of Historic Places listed place |
|  | |
| Light | |
| First lit | 1868 |
| Focal height | 23 m (75 ft) |
| Lens | Third and 1/2 order Fresnel lens |
| Range | 7 nautical miles (13 km; 8.1 mi) |
| Characteristic | White, Flashing every 6 sec |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Eagle Bluff Lighthouse | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Area | 4 acres (1.6 ha) |
| Built | 1868 (1868) |
| NRHP reference No. | 70000032 |
| Added to NRHP | October 15, 1970 |
|  | |


title: Easton and Amboy Railroad

abstract: Easton and Amboy Railroad was a railroad built across central New Jersey by the Lehigh Valley Railroad (LVRR) in the 1870s. The line was built to connect the Lehigh Valley Railroad coal hauling operations in Pennsylvania with the Port of New York and New Jersey to serve consumer markets in New York metropolitan area. Until it was built, the terminus of the LVRR had been at Phillipsburg, New Jersey on the Delaware River opposite Easton, Pennsylvania. It is now part of Norfolk Southern Railway operations, partially the Lehigh Line The Lehigh Valley Railroad bought the charter to the Perth Amboy and Bound Brook Railroad and also formed a new railroad company, the Bound Brook and Easton Railroad, to run across Western New Jersey from Phillipsburg to Bound Brook. These two railroads were combined under the name "Easton and Amboy Railroad". Construction commenced in 1872 and was completed in 1875. For three years, engineering and financial difficulties delayed the crucial tunnel through the Musconetcong Mountains at Pattenburg. The Lehigh Valley Railroad then stepped in, purchasing the E&A and completing the line to Easton in 1875. At Perth Amboy, a tidewater terminal was built on the Arthur Kill comprising a large coal dock used to transport coal into New York City. The tracks were laid and started hauling coal in 1875. Operations continued until the LVRR's bankruptcy in 1976. The marshalling yard is now the residential area known as Harbortown. Passenger traffic connected with the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) at Metuchen and continued to the PRR'S Exchange Place terminus in Jersey City. That connection was discontinued in 1891 after the LVRR established its own route to Jersey City from South Plainfield. Eventually, the Easton and Amboy Railroad was absorbed into the parent Lehigh Valley Railroad and it was used as a connection to the New York area, with a terminus in Jersey City.

text:
# Easton and Amboy Railroad

**Easton and Amboy Railroad** was a railroad built across central New Jersey by the Lehigh Valley Railroad (LVRR) in the 1870s. The line was built to connect the Lehigh Valley Railroad coal hauling operations in Pennsylvania with the Port of New York and New Jersey to serve consumer markets in New York metropolitan area. Until it was built, the terminus of the LVRR had been at Phillipsburg, New Jersey on the Delaware River opposite Easton, Pennsylvania. It is now part of Norfolk Southern Railway operations, partially the Lehigh Line

The Lehigh Valley Railroad bought the charter to the Perth Amboy and Bound Brook Railroad and also formed a new railroad company, the Bound Brook and Easton Railroad, to run across Western New Jersey from Phillipsburg to Bound Brook. These two railroads were combined under the name "Easton and Amboy Railroad".

Construction commenced in 1872 and was completed in 1875. For three years, engineering and financial difficulties delayed the crucial tunnel through the Musconetcong Mountains at Pattenburg. The Lehigh Valley Railroad then stepped in, purchasing the E&A and completing the line to Easton in 1875.

At Perth Amboy, a tidewater terminal was built on the Arthur Kill comprising a large coal dock used to transport coal into New York City. The tracks were laid and started hauling coal in 1875. Operations continued until the LVRR's bankruptcy in 1976. The marshalling yard is now the residential area known as Harbortown.

Passenger traffic connected with the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) at Metuchen and continued to the PRR'S Exchange Place terminus in Jersey City. That connection was discontinued in 1891 after the LVRR established its own route to Jersey City from South Plainfield.

Eventually, the Easton and Amboy Railroad was absorbed into the parent Lehigh Valley Railroad and it was used as a connection to the New York area, with a terminus in Jersey City.


abstract: ESICE Eastern Sierra Institute for Collaborative Education (ESICE) is a 501 (C)(3) nonprofit that was incorporated in 1997 and creates educational opportunities for people of all ages. The Institute is based at the University of California White Mountain Research Station. ESICE focuses on improved communication of scientific information to the public. ESICE provides a range of innovative educational programs that focus on collaborative approaches to life sciences, environment, and social issues.

text:
# Eastern Sierra Institute for Collaborative Education

**ESICE Eastern Sierra Institute for Collaborative Education** (ESICE) is a 501 (C)(3) nonprofit that was incorporated in 1997 and creates educational opportunities for people of all ages. The Institute is based at the University of California White Mountain Research Station. ESICE focuses on improved communication of scientific information to the public. ESICE provides a range of innovative educational programs that focus on collaborative approaches to life sciences, environment, and social issues.

## Programs

The Eastern Sierra Institute for Collaborative Education is a non-profit organization that supports innovative education collaboration to address real-world environmental and social issues.

### Eastern Sierra Watershed Project

ESICE programs include the Eastern Sierra Watershed Project, an experiential education program for elementary and middle school students to learn about unique Eastern Sierra ecosystems and natural resources. The program applies required science studies to real-life situations, such as the historic re-watering of the Lower Owens River. In the program, students collect scientific data, and they approximate changes in the river ecosystems based on the data they collected.

### Roadside Heritage

ESICE also conceived, developed, and brought about the implementation of the Roadside Heritage program, which engages middle school students in collecting interviews with knowledgeable citizens, and research to create high-quality audio programs for motorists traveling through the region.

## Partners

The institute partners with a variety of government agencies, non-profits, academic organizations , and corporations.


title: Philippe Minani

abstract: Philippe Minani was a Burundian politician. He was the former Minister of Justice of Burundi from 1975 to 1976. He was succeeded by Jean-Baptiste Manwangari, who also was succeeded by Laurent Nzeyimana (1979–1982).

text:
# Philippe Minani

**Philippe Minani** was a Burundian politician. He was the former Minister of Justice of Burundi from 1975 to 1976. He was succeeded by Jean-Baptiste Manwangari, who also was succeeded by Laurent Nzeyimana (1979–1982).

## InfoBox

| Philippe Minani | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Minister of Justice of Burundi | |
| **In office**<br>1975–1976 | |
| President | Michel Micombero |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Burundi |
| Political party | Union for National Progress |
|  | |


title: Berezov mine

abstract: The Berezov mine is a large iron mine located in eastern Russia in the Amur Oblast. Berezov represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in Russia and in the world having estimated reserves of 1 billion tonnes of ore grading 55% iron metal.

text:
# Berezov mine

The **Berezov mine** is a large iron mine located in eastern Russia in the Amur Oblast. Berezov represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in Russia and in the world having estimated reserves of 1 billion tonnes of ore grading 55% iron metal.

## InfoBox

Berezov mine
| Location | |
| --- | --- |
| Amur Oblast | |
| Country | Russia |
| Production | |
| Products | Iron ore |


title: Bernardo de Iriarte (Goya)

abstract: Bernardo de Iriarte is a 1797 portrait painting by the Spanish artist Francisco Goya. It is on display in the Musée des Beaux-Arts of Strasbourg, France. Its inventory number is 1660. The sitter, Bernardo de Iriarte, was a patron and friend of the painter; the dedicatory inscription at the lower edge is testament to both men's "mutual esteem and affection". At its unveiling, the painting was hailed for its likeness and its virtuosity, and it has been considered a masterpiece ever since. The painting was acquired in November 1941 from the heirs of Camille Groult by Adolf Wuster and Hans Wendland for the Generalverwaltung der oberrheinischen Museen at a sale at Hôtel Drouot, and given to the Strasbourg museum. [The accession date was given as 1942 in previous publications.] The composition of the painting is thought to be inspired by an engraving after Titian's A Man with a Quilted Sleeve, then thought to be a portrait of Ariosto. Goya's own 1792 Retrato de Sebastián Martínez y Pérez also anticipates on some aspects of Bernardo de Iriarte as far as the attitude and the gaze of the sitter are concerned.

text:
# Bernardo de Iriarte (Goya)

***Bernardo de Iriarte*** is a 1797 portrait painting by the Spanish artist Francisco Goya. It is on display in the Musée des Beaux-Arts of Strasbourg, France. Its inventory number is 1660.

The sitter, Bernardo de Iriarte, was a patron and friend of the painter; the dedicatory inscription at the lower edge is testament to both men's "*mutual esteem and affection*". At its unveiling, the painting was hailed for its likeness and its virtuosity, and it has been considered a masterpiece ever since.

The painting was acquired in November 1941 from the heirs of Camille Groult by Adolf Wuster and Hans Wendland for the *Generalverwaltung der oberrheinischen Museen* (General administration of the Upper Rhine museums) at a sale at Hôtel Drouot, and given to the Strasbourg museum. \[The accession date was given as 1942 in previous publications.\]

The composition of the painting is thought to be inspired by an engraving after Titian's *A Man with a Quilted Sleeve* (National Gallery, London), then thought to be a portrait of Ariosto. Goya's own 1792 *Retrato de Sebastián Martínez y Pérez* also anticipates on some aspects of *Bernardo de Iriarte* as far as the attitude and the gaze of the sitter are concerned.

## InfoBox

| Bernardo de Iriarte | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Artist | Francisco Goya |
| Year | 1797 |
| Medium | oil painting on canvas |
| Movement | Portrait painting |
| Subject | Bernardo de Iriarte |
| Dimensions | 108 cm × 86 cm (43 in × 34 in) |
| Location | Musée des Beaux-Arts, Strasbourg |
| Accession | 1941 |


title: Rail transport in Malawi

abstract: Malawi Railways is the national rail network in Malawi, run by a government corporation until privatisation in 1999. As of 1 December 1999 the Central East African Railways, a consortium led by Railroad Development Corporation, won the right to operate the network. The rail network totalled 797 kilometres in 2001. Like most railways in Southern Africa, it is entirely to Cape gauge, i.e. 1067 mm gauge.

text:
# Rail transport in Malawi

**Malawi Railways** is the national rail network in Malawi, run by a government corporation until privatisation in 1999. As of 1 December 1999 the Central East African Railways, a consortium led by Railroad Development Corporation, won the right to operate the network.

The rail network totalled 797 kilometres in 2001. Like most railways in Southern Africa, it is entirely to Cape gauge, i.e. 1067 mm gauge.

### Mozambique

In the city of Nkaya there is an interconnection between the Nacala railway and the Sena railway. Through the Nacala railway, it is possible to access the Port of Nacala in the east, and in the northwest of Mozambique, in the Moatize coal mines. Via the Sena railway (or Shire Highlands railway), there is a connection between the cities of Mchinji, Lilongue, Salima, Nkaya, Blantyre, Nsanje, Nhamayabué, Dondo and Port of Beira.

The Nacala railway line (Nacala Corridor line) to Mozambique via Nkaya to the port of Nacala; by the Sena railway line, from Nkaya to the Nhamayabué (Dona Ana Bridge) and Beira, has not been operational since the war in Mozambique and is in need of reconstruction.

In April 2011, the Malawi government and the Brazilian mining company Vale signed an agreement to construct a 100 kilometres (62 mi) short cut railway line from coal mines in Moatize to Blantyre, where it would connect with tracks to the port of Nacala.

### Tanzania and Zambia

In 2015, an extension of the Chipata line to a junction with the TAZARA line at Serenje was proposed. In 2016, the contract was awarded. There is no direct link with neighbouring Tanzania as there is a 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)/1,000 mm (3 ft 3+38 in) metre gauge break of gauge.

A rail link to Chipata in Zambia was completed in 1984, but a connection onward into Zambia was only opened in 2010. This line remains idle because there are few facilities at Chipata.

### Notes

### Further reading

* Robinson, Neil (2009). *World Rail Atlas and Historical Summary. Volume 7: North, East and Central Africa*. Barnsley, UK: World Rail Atlas Ltd. ISBN 978-954-92184-3-5.

Media related to Rail transport in Malawi at Wikimedia Commons


# Results of the 1972 Iranian local elections

This article contains the results of the 1972 Iranian local elections.

## County councils

| Province | Seats | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | New Iran Party | People's Party | Nonpartisan |
| Central | 231 / 249 | 18 / 249 | 0 / 249 |
| Khorasan | 213 / 261 | 44 / 261 | 4 / 261 |
| Esfahan | 121 / 138 | 16 / 138 | 1 / 138 |
| East Azerbaijan | 231 / 282 | 48 / 282 | 3 / 282 |
| Khuzestan | 146 / 167 | 19 / 167 | 2 / 167 |
| Mazandaran | 169 / 207 | 33 / 207 | 5 / 207 |
| Fars | 126 / 160 | 21 / 160 | 13 / 160 |
| Gilan | 105 / 154 | 49 / 154 | 0 / 154 |
| West Azerbaijan | 99 / 132 | 23 / 132 | 10 / 132 |
| Kerman | 68 / 84 | 16 / 84 | 0 / 84 |
| Kermanshah | 67 / 83 | 16 / 83 | 0 / 83 |
| Coastal | 39 / 73 | 29 / 73 | 5 / 73 |
| Sistan & Baluchestan | 35 / 58 | 19 / 58 | 4 / 58 |
| Kordestan | 86 / 86 | 0 / 86 | 0 / 86 |
| Hamedan | 78 / 91 | 13 / 91 | 0 / 91 |
| Lorestan | 57 / 73 | 16 / 73 | 0 / 73 |
| Zanjan | 52 / 56 | 4 / 56 | 0 / 56 |
| Yazd | 33 / 40 | 7 / 40 | 0 / 40 |
| Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari | 26 / 34 | 7 / 34 | 1 / 34 |
| Semnan | 27 / 27 | 0 / 27 | 0 / 27 |
| Ilam | 22 / 31 | 7 / 31 | 2 / 31 |
| Boyer-Ahmad & Kohgiluyeh | 19 / 23 | 4 / 23 | 0 / 23 |
| Total | 2,050 / 2,509 | 409 / 2,509 | 50 / 2,509 |
| Source: Ministry of Interior | | | |

## Educational councils

Source: Ministry of Interior


title: Chitry

abstract: Chitry is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

text:
# Chitry

**Chitry** (French pronunciation: \[ʃitʁi\]) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

## InfoBox

| Chitry | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church in Chitry | |
|  | |
| Location of Chitry | |
| ChitryChitry | |
| Coordinates: 47°45′46″N 3°42′01″E / 47.7628°N 3.7003°E / 47.7628; 3.7003 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté |
| Department | Yonne |
| Arrondissement | Auxerre |
| Canton | Chablis |
| Intercommunality | CA Auxerrois |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Christian Bouley |
| Area**1** | 15.20 km2 (5.87 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 343 |
| Density | 23/km2 (58/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 89108 /89530 |
| Elevation | 169–346 m (554–1,135 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Diamantina River

abstract: The Diamantina River is a major river in Central West Queensland and the far north of South Australia. The river was named by William Landsborough in 1866 for Lady Diamantina Bowen, wife of Sir George Bowen, the first Governor of Queensland. It has three major tributaries the Western River, Mayne River and Farrars Creek.

text:
# Diamantina River

The **Diamantina River** is a major river in Central West Queensland and the far north of South Australia.

The river was named by William Landsborough in 1866 for Lady Diamantina Bowen (née Roma), wife of Sir George Bowen, the first Governor of Queensland. It has three major tributaries the Western River, Mayne River and Farrars Creek.

## Geography

Rising north-west of Longreach in the Swords Range in Queensland, the river flows in a south-westerly direction through central Queensland and the Channel Country to form the Warburton River at its confluence with the Georgina River. In extremely wet years, the Warburton River flows as far as Lake Eyre. The length of the Diamantina River is approximately 900 km (560 mi), and the basin is approximately 157,000 square kilometres (61,000 sq mi), of which 140,000 square kilometres (54,000 sq mi) are used for agriculture.

Most of the basin of the Diamantina is very flat—even the highest points in the northeast do not reach 500 m (1,600 ft) above sea level and Lake Eyre itself is 16 m (52 ft) below sea level. Apart from a few streams near Winton (the largest town in the basin) almost all rivers in the basin flow southwestwards towards Birdsville. The Diamantina River has no main channel, rather it is a series of wide and relatively shallow channels. The major feature of the river's sluggish course is Diamantina National Park about halfway between Winton and Birdsville. Apart from the national park, almost all land in the basin is used for grazing cattle and sheep, though numbers fluctuate greatly and considerable skill is required on the part of graziers.

The variable drought and flood cycles of the area make the river ephemeral with many semi-permanent waterholes. The highest recorded flow rate of the river was at Birdsville in 1974 with 4,700 cubic metres per second (170,000 cu ft/s) was measured.

The Diamantina runs along the northern and eastern rim of a roughly circular zone measuring some 130 km across that has been identified by Geoscience Australia as a crustal anomaly. Proof is currently lacking as to the cause, but it is believed likely that the anomaly was caused by an asteroid strike that happened about 300 million years ago.

## Environment

### Climate

The climate of the basin is hot and arid. In January, temperatures throughout the basin average around 37 °C (99 °F) during the day and decline only to about 24 °C (75 °F) at night. In winter, they typically range from 25 °C (77 °F) during the day to 11 °C (52 °F) at night. On occasions, however, frost has been reported in all areas of the basin: Winton has recorded minima as low as −1.8 °C (28.8 °F).

#### Precipitation

Rainfall is heavily concentrated between December and March: averages for these four months range from 310 mm (12 in) at Winton and Kynuna to around 90 mm (3.5 in) at Birdsville. In the rest of the year rainfall is very scanty and only on the rarest occasions are significant falls reported: throughout most of the basin the average rainfall between May and September totals around 40 mm (1.6 in). However, the rainfall of the basin, as with all of the Lake Eyre Basin, is exceedingly erratic and catastrophic droughts and floods tend to be the normal state of affairs throughout this region. In the northern part of the basin, annual rainfalls as high as 1,100 mm (43 in) were reported in 1894, 1950, 1974 and 2000, whilst even in Birdsville annual totals as high as 550 mm (22 in) have been reported. During floods the river can be as wide as 30 km (19 mi) across.

In dry years such as 1902, 1905, 1928, 1961, 1965 and 2002, almost the whole basin reported totals 100 mm (3.9 in). There can also be significant variation from station to station over small areas: although the annual averages and variability at Winton and Kynuna are almost alike, the actual totals at the two stations can differ by as much as 200 mm (7.9 in) in some years due to isolated very heavy rainfalls.

### Soils

The soils in the region are mainly grey and brown vertisols, with some fluvents in the drier areas. Although they do not have high phosphate contents, they have adequate levels of most other nutrients: consequently when rainfall is abundant the grasses within the basin are extremely nutritious, especially in the lower reaches of the river around Birdsville, which is a primary region for cattle fattening in years when rainfall further north is adequate to flood the region.

### Wildlife

The 3,400-square-kilometre (1,300 sq mi) floodplain of the lower reaches of the Diamantina has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because it has been estimated to support at least 450,000 waterbirds when in flood, as well as globally significant numbers of the nankeen night-heron, royal spoonbill, little curlew, Australian bustard, grey grasswren, inland dotterel, cinnamon quail-thrush and pied honeyeater.

## History

The river is ephemeral but floods periodically following heavy rainfall events in the catchment. During the floods of 1940 the mailman, Harry Ding, completed his round using a motorboat and Cooper Creek was measured at around 43 kilometres (27 mi) wide. In 1950 flooding covered some 7,770 square kilometres (3,000 sq mi), with the river described as a raging torrent 48 kilometres (30 mi) wide.

Karuwali (also known as Garuwali, Dieri) is a language of far western Queensland. The Karuwali language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the Diamantina Shire Council, including the localities of Betoota and Haddon Corner.

## InfoBox

| Diamantina | |
| --- | --- |
| The Diamantina River at Birdsville, Queensland | |
| Map of the Lake Eyre Basin showing the Diamantina River | |
| Etymology | Lady Diamantina Bowen |
| Location | |
| Country | Australia |
| State | Queensland, South Australia |
| Region | Channel Country |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Swords Range |
| location | west of Winton, South West, Queensland |
| elevation | 313 m (1,027 ft) |
|  | |
| Mouth | Warburton River |
| location | confluence with the Eyre Creek, Far North, South Australia |
| elevation | 20 m (66 ft) |
| Length | 900 km (560 mi) |
| Basin size | 157,000 km2 (61,000 sq mi) |
| Basin features | |
| River system | Lake Eyre basin |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | Western River, Mayne River |
| National park | Diamantina National Park |
|  | |


title: Philippe Molitor

abstract: Philippe Molitor was a Belgian military officer. He is known for his role as commander of the Brigade Nord of the Force Publique, during the Tabora Offensive in the East African campaign.

text:
# Philippe Molitor

**Philippe Molitor** (11 June 1869 – 27 October 1952) was a Belgian military officer. He is known for his role as commander of the *Brigade Nord* of the *Force Publique*, during the Tabora Offensive in the East African campaign.

## Military career

At the age of 16 he joined the Belgian 1st regiment of Carabiniers as a volunteer. In 1886 Molitor won an appointment to the Royal Military Academy in Brussels. He graduated in 1889, and was commissioned as second lieutenant in the *2e régiment de Chasseurs à Pied*. In 1900 he was assigned a job at the Ministry of War and from 1906 to 1909 he was the Batman of general Jacoby.

In 1912 he was commissioned as major in the *Force Publique* and in 1913 he was responsible for inspecting the military posts on the eastern border of the Belgian Congo in the *Province Orientale*. In 1913-14 he warned the Belgian government in a paper of what he called 'the German threat' in German East Africa and advised to reform and strengthen the Force Publique, while the colonial officials at that time stressed the importance of the neutrality of the Belgian Congo. In 1915 Molitor was assigned to form the *Brigade Nord* which he was to command during the Tabora Offensive. At the end of April 1916 Molitor advanced to German East Africa, his brigade occupied Kigali on 6 May 1916, Biharamulo on 24 June and St. Michaël on 21 August. His brigade faced supply difficulties, and because of the absence of a railway line from Kigali to Tabora, he was to advance at a slower pace than *Brigade Sud*.

In 1918 Molitor was appointed to reorganize the *Force Publique* and was promoted to the rank of major general. In 1919 he was sent back to Belgium and assumed command of the 5th infantry division, in 1923 he was promoted to lieutenant general and took command of the 1st infantry division. General Molitor retired in 1928.

After his military career he continued to advocate the strengthening of the *Force Publique*, mainly in the years prior to the second world war. Molitor strongly opposed racial discrimination, calling racism «une infirmité mentale».

### Bibliography

* Philippe Molitor, Royal Museum for Central Africa
* "MOLITOR (Philippe François Joseph)". *Biographie Belge d'Outre-Mer*. Vol. VII. Brussels: Academie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer. 1968.

## Further reading

* Strachan, Hew (2004). *The First World War in Africa*. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-925728-0.

## InfoBox

| Philippe Molitor | |
| --- | --- |
| Molitor in Kigali | |
| Born | (1869-06-11)11 June 1869
Libin, Belgium |
| Died | 27 October 1952(1952-10-27) (aged 83)
Brussels, Belgium |
| Allegiance | Belgium |
| Rank | Lieutenant general |
| Commands | *Force Publique* |
| Battles/wars |  |


title: Tingley Memorial Hall, Claflin College

abstract: Tingley Memorial Hall is a historic academic building located on the campus of Claflin University at Orangeburg, Orangeburg County, South Carolina. It was built in 1908, and is a two-story, brick Classical Revival style building. The buildings serves as the main building on the Claflin College campus. The hipped and gable roof is topped by an octagonal cupola. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It is located in the Claflin College Historic District.

text:
# Tingley Memorial Hall, Claflin College

**Tingley Memorial Hall** is a historic academic building located on the campus of Claflin University at Orangeburg, Orangeburg County, South Carolina. It was built in 1908, and is a two-story, brick Classical Revival style building. The buildings serves as the main building on the Claflin College campus. The hipped and gable roof is topped by an octagonal cupola.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It is located in the Claflin College Historic District.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Tingley Memorial Hall, Claflin College | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district<br>Contributing property | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | College Ave., Orangeburg, South Carolina |
| Coordinates | 33°29′54″N 80°51′16″W / 33.498414°N 80.854333°W / 33.498414; -80.854333 |
| Built | 1908 (1908) |
| Architect | William Wilson Cooke |
| MPS | Orangeburg MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 83002205 |
| Added to NRHP | August 4, 1983 |


title: Baños Canton

abstract: Baños Canton is a canton of Ecuador, located in the Tungurahua Province. Its capital is the town of Baños. The population of Baños Canton at the 2010 census was 20,018., and in 2011 its population had risen to 21,140

text:
# Baños Canton

**Baños Canton** is a canton of Ecuador, located in the Tungurahua Province. Its capital is the town of Baños. The population of Baños Canton at the 2010 census was 20,018., and in 2011 its population had risen to 21,140

## InfoBox

| Baños Canton | |
| --- | --- |
| Canton | |
|  | |
| Tungurahua Province in Ecuador | |
| Baños Canton in Tungurahua Province | |
| Coordinates: 1°23′47″S 78°25′29″W / 1.39639°S 78.42472°W / -1.39639; -78.42472 | |
| Country | Ecuador |
| Province | Tungurahua Province |
| Capital | Baños de Agua Santa |
| Area | |
| Total | 1,067 km2 (412 sq mi) |
| Population (2022 census) | |
| Total | 21,908 |
| Density | 21/km2 (53/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (ECT) |


abstract: The 1987 NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships were the 57th NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships to be held. The University of Maryland in College Park, Maryland hosted the tournament at Cole Field House. Iowa State took home the team championship with 133 points and four individual champions. John Smith of Oklahoma State was named the Most Outstanding Wrestler and Lenny Bernstein of North Carolina received the Gorriaran Award.

text:
# 1987 NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships

The **1987 NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships** were the 57th NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships to be held. The University of Maryland in College Park, Maryland hosted the tournament at Cole Field House.

Iowa State took home the team championship with 133 points and four individual champions.

John Smith of Oklahoma State was named the Most Outstanding Wrestler and Lenny Bernstein of North Carolina received the Gorriaran Award.

## Team results

| Rank | School | Points |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Iowa State | 133 |
| 2 | Iowa | 108 |
| 3 | Penn State | 97.75 |
| 4 | Oklahoma State | 85.25 |
| 5 | Bloomsburg | 47.25 |
| 6 | Clarion | 46 |
| 7 | North Carolina | 42.75 |
| 8 | Edinboro | 38.25 |
| 9 | Arizona State | 35.75 |
|
| 10 | Lehigh | 32.35 |

## Individual finals

| Weight class | Championship match (champion in boldface) |
| --- | --- |
| 118 lbs | **Ricky Bonomo**, Bloomsburg DEC Jim Martin, Penn State, 8–4 |
| 126 lbs | **Bill Kelly**, Iowa State WBF Brad Penrith, Iowa, 6:31 |
| 134 lbs | **John Smith**, Oklahoma State MAJOR Gil Sanchez, Nebraska, 18–4 |
| 142 lbs | **Peter Yozzo**, Lehigh WBF Pat Santoro, Pittsburgh, 3:52 |
| 150 lbs | **Tim Krieger**, Iowa State DEC Jim Heffernan, Iowa |
| 158 lbs | **Stewart Carter**, Iowa State DEC Ken Haselrig, Clarion, 6–3 |
| 167 lbs | **Royce Alger**, Iowa DEC Kevin Jackson, Iowa State, 10–4 |
| 177 lbs | **Rico Chiapparelli**, Iowa DEC Darryl Pope, Cal State-Bakersfield, 5–2 |
| 190 lbs | **Eric Voelker**, Iowa State DEC Dave Dean, Minnesota, 4–3 |
| 275 lbs | **Carlton Haselrig**, Pittsburgh-Johnstown DEC Dean Hall, Edinboro, 4–2 |

## InfoBox

1987 NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships
| Tournament information | |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | College wrestling |
| Location | College Park, Maryland |
| Dates | March 19, 1987–March 21, 1987 |
| Host(s) | University of Maryland |
| Venue(s) | Cole Field House |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Iowa State (8th title) |
| 1st runners-up | Iowa |
| 2nd runners-up | Penn State |
| MVP | John Smith (Oklahoma State) |
|  | |


title: Charles de la Rue

abstract: Charles de La Rue, known in Latin as Carolus Ruaeus, was one of the great orators of the Society of Jesus in France in the seventeenth century.

text:
# Charles de la Rue

**Charles de La Rue** (3 August 1643, in Paris – 27 May 1725, in Paris), known in Latin as **Carolus Ruaeus**, was one of the great orators of the Society of Jesus in France in the seventeenth century.

## Biography

He entered the novitiate on 7 September 1659, and being afterwards professor of the humanities and rhetoric, he attracted attention while still young by a poem on the victories of Louis XIV. Pierre Corneille translated it and offered it to the king, saying that his work did not equal the original of the young Jesuit.

After having several times refused to permit him to go to Canada, his superiors assigned him to preaching; as an orator he was much admired by the court and the king.

He preached missions among the Protestants of Languedoc for three years. During his last years he suffered from severe illness.

## Publications

He wrote several tragedies, published an edition of Virgil, and wrote several Latin poems. His funeral orations on the Dukes of Burgundy and Luxemburg, and that on Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, his sermons on "Les Calamités publiques" and "The Dying Sinner" have been regarded as masterpieces by the greatest masters.

* *Panégyriques, Oraisons funèbres et Sermons de morale* ; Paris 1719, in-8°; Lyon, in-12 ;
* A *Carême* and an *Avent* ; 4 vol. in-12 ;
* *Lettre* ; (Écrit destiné à défendre ce qu’il avait avancé en prêchant à Alençon en 1680 ; elle a été insérée par l’abbé Tilladet dans ses *Dissertations sur diverses matières de religion et de philologie* ; vol. I)
* *Panégyriques des saints et Oraisons funèbres* ; Paris, 1740, 3 vol.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Charles de La Rue". *Catholic Encyclopedia*. New York: Robert Appleton Company.


title: Benjamin ben Judah

abstract: Benjamin ben Judah of Rome, a member of the prominent Bozecco family, was a Biblical exegete, grammarian, and philosopher. He was the disciple of Joab ben Benjamin ben Solomon. Although his activity lay in the fields of exegesis and grammar, Dov Yarden argues that the poet Immanuel of Rome represents him as an accomplished scientist and philosopher.

text:
# Benjamin ben Judah

**Benjamin ben Judah of Rome** (c.1290-1335), a member of the prominent Bozecco family, was a Biblical exegete, grammarian, and philosopher. He was the disciple of Joab ben Benjamin ben Solomon. Although his activity lay in the fields of exegesis and grammar, Dov Yarden argues that the poet Immanuel of Rome represents him as an accomplished scientist and philosopher.

## Works

* A commentary on Chronicles and Proverbs, still extant in manuscript (Codex de Rossi, 3081, 691, 7283; Paris, 2143; Oxford, 2212, 3641, 7143), in which he endeavors to avoid all haggadic explanations, condemning them and adhering to the literal interpretation based upon grammar and lexicography (he frequently quotes Ibn Ganaḥ, Ibn Ezra, and Ḳimḥi, who served him as models). Heinrich Berger published the commentary to Proverbs, based on the Munich manuscript, in Pressburg, 1901 (on Otzar).
* A commentary on Kings which is preserved starting 1 Kings 7:15 (Codex Angelica 1, Parma 2728 f. 37-50).
* Glosses to the greater part of the Bible (compare Berliner, in "Hebr. Bibl." 14:69).
* *Mavo Qaẓar le-Torat ha-Higgui*, an introduction to Hebrew pronunciation which was published as an introduction to Moses Ḳimḥi's *Sefer ha-Dikdukim.*
* *Mavo*, a grammatical work first published as an introduction to Moses Kimhi's *Mahalakh* (found 140 years earlier in manuscript as an introduction to Abraham ibn Ezra's *Tzachot* and *Moz'nayim*) enjoyed great success and was often reprinted. A commentary on the same work was not attributed, leading to the misimpression that it was also written by Benjamin b. Judah until it was claimed by Elia Levita, who, not knowing the true origin of the introduction, accused Benjamin b. Judah (dead 170 years) of having stolen the commentary for profit.
* *Mavo haDikduk*, a revised version and extensive summation of the former book, published by S. Loewinger in 1931.
* Heinrich Berger attributed a commentary on Ezra–Nehemiah to him in 1895, but this attribution had already been disproven by H. J. Matthews in 1882.
* Various piyyutim.
* H.J. Matthews suggests that comments to Nevi'im and Ketuvim in the name of זא"ב are to be attributed to Benjamin b. Judah or one of his students. These comments are in his efficient, grammatical style and skip over the sections (Chronicles, Proverbs, 1 Kings 1:1-7:14) on which b. Judah has known commentaries.

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: 1901 Jewish Encyclopedia


title: Radio Sessions (Curve album)

abstract: Radio Sessions is a compilation album of recordings made by the British band Curve during their two sessions for John Peel's show on the UK broadcasting station Radio 1.

text:
# Radio Sessions (Curve album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| NME | 6/10 |
|  |  |
| Melody Maker | (mixed) |
| Vox | 8/10 |

***Radio Sessions*** is a compilation album of recordings made by the British band Curve during their two sessions for John Peel's show on the UK broadcasting station Radio 1.

## Track listing

1. "Ten Little Girls" - 4:42
2. "No Escape From Heaven" - 4:47
3. "The Colour Hurts" - 3:48
4. "Coast is Clear" - 4:14
5. "Die Like a Dog" - 4:35
6. "Horror Head" - 3:30
7. "Arms Out" - 4:46
8. "Split into Fractions" - 4:47

Tracks 1 to 4 were recorded on March 10, 1991, broadcast on March 30, 1991, and produced by Dale Griffin. Tracks 5 to 8 were recorded on February 11, 1992, broadcast on February 23, 1992, and produced by Mike Robinson.

## InfoBox

| Radio Sessions | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Curve | |
| Released | 7 June 1993 |
| Recorded | 10 March 1991
11 February 1992 |
| Genre | Shoegaze, alternative rock |
| Label | Anxious Records |
| Producer | Dale Griffin, Mike Robinson |
| Curve chronology | |
| *Pubic Fruit*
(1992) ***Radio Sessions***
(1993) *Cuckoo*
(1993) | |


title: Rainha de Beleza

abstract: Rainha de Beleza' is a 2006 album by Val Xalino. The album was released in 2006 and is named a song in the earlier album Emoções (1993) and the latest version released in 2006. On the latter of both discs, the duet is made together with Val Xalino's son, rapper and producer Roberto Xalino. On the album, there are tracks by Val and Roberto Xalino as well as Luís Silva and Jovino dos Santos.

text:
# Rainha de Beleza

***Rainha de Beleza*** (Portuguese and Capeverdean Creole for the "Queen of Beauty")' is a 2006 album by Val Xalino. The album was released in 2006 and is named a song in the earlier album *Emoções* (1993) and the latest version released in 2006. On the latter of both discs, the duet is made together with Val Xalino's son, rapper and producer Roberto Xalino.

On the album, there are tracks by Val and Roberto Xalino as well as Luís Silva and Jovino dos Santos.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Translation | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Rainha de Beleza" | Queen of Beauty |  |
| 2. | "Tragedia de Um Milionaria" |  |  |
| 3. | "Salario de Formiga" |  |  |
| 4. | "Dança Dança T' Manchê" |  |  |
| 5. | "Camin de Dakar" | A Road in Dakar |  |
| 6. | "Nôs Coladera" |  |  |
| 7. | "Folha" | Leaves |  |
| 8. | "Es Sanjon" |  |  |
| 9. | "Bem Devagarin" |  |  |
| 10. | "Nôs Djô D' eloy" | Our Djô d'Eloy |  |
| 11. | "Perda de Um Fidjo" |  |  |

## InfoBox

| Rainha de Beleza | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Val Xalino
Robert Xalino | |
| Released | 2006 |
| Genre | Morna / coladeira |
| Val Xalino
Robert Xalino chronology | |
| *Grandeza*
(2004) ***Rainha de Beleza***
(2006) *Criod ne São Cente*
(2011) | |


title: Rainham, London

abstract: Rainham is a suburb of East London, England, in the London Borough of Havering. Historically an ancient parish in the county of Essex, Rainham is 13.6 miles (21.9 km) east of Charing Cross and is surrounded by a residential area, which has grown from the historic village, to the north and a commercial area, fronting the River Thames, to the south. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Rainham significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming part of Hornchurch Urban District in 1934, and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. The economic history of Rainham is underpinned by a shift from agriculture to industry and manufacture and is now in a period of regeneration, coming within the London Riverside section of the Thames Gateway redevelopment area.

text:
# Rainham, London

**Rainham** (/ˈrnəm/ *RAY-nəm*) is a suburb of East London, England, in the London Borough of Havering. Historically an ancient parish in the county of Essex, Rainham is 13.6 miles (21.9 km) east of Charing Cross and is surrounded by a residential area, which has grown from the historic village, to the north and a commercial area, fronting the River Thames, to the south. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Rainham significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming part of Hornchurch Urban District in 1934, and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. The economic history of Rainham is underpinned by a shift from agriculture to industry and manufacture and is now in a period of regeneration, coming within the London Riverside section of the Thames Gateway redevelopment area.

## History

### Toponymy

**Rainham (parish) population**
| 1881 | 1,253 |
| --- | --- |
| 1891 | 1,669 |
| 1901 | 1,725 |
| 1911 | 1,972 |
| 1921 | 2,196 |
| 1931 | 3,897 |
| 1941 | war # |
| 1951 | 7,666 |
| \# no census was held due to war | |
| source: UK census | |

Rainham is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as *Raineham* and is thought to mean 'homestead or village of a man called Regna', formed from an Old English name and 'hām', meaning settlement. It is also possible that it follows Rainham, Kent which is thought to derive 'home of the Roegingas'. This is also of uncertain meaning, but could refer to 'the ruling people'. The link with Rainham in Kent is strengthened by the discovery of Jutish cemeteries in Rainham.

### Bronze age

A hoard of 453 late bronze-age (900 to 800 BC) artefacts was found in Rainham in 2018. Known as the Havering hoard, it comprises swords, socketed axe heads, spear heads, knives, daggers, woodwork tools, bracelets, ingots, and other items, weighing more than 45 kg in total.

### Economic development

For much of its history Rainham was an agricultural settlement, using the River Thames for trade. In the 16th century industry was limited to a boat-builder and tannery. There are links between Rainham farms and the City of London from the Middle Ages and after the wharf was redeveloped in the 1720s trade increased; including the bringing of muck from London for use in the fields. By 1929 most of the farmland had been given over to market gardening. The ferry to London was supplemented with new coaching links in the 18th century and a railway station opened in 1854. A second wharf was constructed in 1872 and from 1869 there was a growth in industrial development, including chemical and fertiliser factories. The Murex iron-founders moved to Rainham in 1917 and grew along the river, eventually becoming part of the British Oxygen Company. Away from the river, other industries included brickmaking and after World War II there was a growth in gravel extraction.

### Local government

Rainham formed an ancient parish of 3,253 acres (1,316 ha) in the Chafford hundred of Essex. In 1836 the vestry lost control of poor relief, with Rainham becoming part of the Romford Poor Law Union and in 1875 the parish became part of Romford rural sanitary district. Following the Local Government Act 1894, the sanitary district became Romford Rural District and a parish council was formed. The parish formed part of the London Traffic Area from 1924 and the London Passenger Transport Area from 1933. In 1934 the parish council was abolished and Rainham was combined with other parishes to form part of an expanded Hornchurch Urban District. In 1965 the urban district was abolished and its former area was combined with that of Municipal Borough of Romford; and since then has formed part of the London Borough of Havering in Greater London.

### Urban development

The earliest development was around the Church of St Helen and St Giles, and this is the only medieval building to survive. New prosperity from increased trade in the early 18th century led to several new buildings, including Rainham Hall. Roads were laid out in 1880 and the new developments consisted of semi-detached and terraced houses. At the same time a community developed around a pub on the river and operated as a resort for day-trippers. As the Thames industrialised it declined in popularity and was gone by 1945. Rainham developed into a suburb of London after World War I. As the estates were broken up for housing some land was purchased by smallholders from Bow and West Ham. In the 1940s they successfully campaigned against having it returned to agricultural use and it was excluded from the Metropolitan Green Belt. The roadways and sewerage systems did not keep up with the rate of growth and a residents' group fought for improvements in infrastructure throughout the 1960s.

## Governance

The town forms part of the Dagenham and Rainham constituency, and is covered by the Havering ward of Rainham and Wennington. The current MP is Jon Cruddas of the Labour Party, who has served the constituency since its creation in 2010. The constituency combines wards in southern Havering with eastern Barking and Dagenham. The Rainham and Wennington ward elects three councillors to Havering London Borough Council. All three councillors elected in 2010 were the Rainham and Wennington Residents Independent Association candidates and the area is unusual in that the residents' association is strongly active. Rainham is within the Havering and Redbridge London Assembly constituency and was in the London European Parliament constituency.

## Geography

Rainham is mostly situated on gravel, rising to between 60 feet (18 m) and 100 feet (30 m). The marshlands along the southern boundary of the River Thames are about 5 feet (1.5 m) above sea level and a tidal section of the River Ingrebourne forms the western boundary. It is located in part of London that is susceptible to flooding. The historic core of Rainham, including the town centre, forms a conservation area. The land to the south has been affected by gravel extraction and 200 acres (0.81 km2) of Rainham Marshes has been filled with 9 million tons of dredged soil by the Port of London Authority. Rainham is a post town in the RM postcode area; it covers a wide area of southern Havering and additionally includes Coldharbour, South Hornchurch and Wennington. Climate data is taken from the nearest weather station at Greenwich, around 8.7 miles (14.0 km) southwest of Rainham:

|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.8
(62.2) | 19.7
(67.5) | 23.3
(73.9) | 25.3
(77.5) | 29.0
(84.2) | 34.5
(94.1) | 35.3
(95.5) | 37.5
(99.5) | 30.2
(86.4) | 26.1
(79.0) | 18.9
(66.0) | 16.4
(61.5) | 37.5
(99.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.5
(47.3) | 9.2
(48.6) | 12.1
(53.8) | 15.4
(59.7) | 18.6
(65.5) | 21.4
(70.5) | 23.8
(74.8) | 23.3
(73.9) | 20.3
(68.5) | 15.8
(60.4) | 11.6
(52.9) | 8.9
(48.0) | 15.8
(60.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.9
(42.6) | 6.2
(43.2) | 8.4
(47.1) | 10.7
(51.3) | 13.8
(56.8) | 16.7
(62.1) | 18.8
(65.8) | 18.7
(65.7) | 15.9
(60.6) | 12.4
(54.3) | 8.8
(47.8) | 6.3
(43.3) | 11.9
(53.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.4
(38.1) | 3.2
(37.8) | 4.7
(40.5) | 6.0
(42.8) | 9.1
(48.4) | 12.0
(53.6) | 13.9
(57.0) | 14.1
(57.4) | 11.6
(52.9) | 9.0
(48.2) | 6.1
(43.0) | 3.8
(38.8) | 8.1
(46.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −12.7
(9.1) | −9.4
(15.1) | −6.7
(19.9) | −4.8
(23.4) | −1.0
(30.2) | 1.1
(34.0) | 5.0
(41.0) | 5.3
(41.5) | 1.1
(34.0) | −2.1
(28.2) | −8.0
(17.6) | −10.5
(13.1) | −12.7
(9.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 43.9
(1.73) | 39.9
(1.57) | 36.5
(1.44) | 38.6
(1.52) | 44.0
(1.73) | 49.3
(1.94) | 36.3
(1.43) | 53.0
(2.09) | 52.4
(2.06) | 58.3
(2.30) | 59.9
(2.36) | 50.7
(2.00) | 562.9
(22.16) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 10.5 | 9.2 | 7.9 | 8.1 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 7.1 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 10.3 | 10.6 | 10.2 | 105.6 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 44.4 | 66.1 | 109.7 | 152.9 | 198.7 | 198.6 | 209.2 | 198.0 | 140.6 | 99.7 | 58.5 | 50.1 | 1,526.4 |
| Source 1: Met Office | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Source 2: Starlings Roost Weather | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Demography

| Rainham and Wennington compared (2001 Census) | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Statistic | Rainham and
Wennington | Havering | London | England |
| Ethnic group | | | | |
| White | 11,308 | 213,421 | 5,103,203 | 44,679,361 |
| Asian | 341 | 4,088 | 866,693 | 2,248,289 |
| Black | 273 | 3,139 | 782,849 | 1,132,508 |
| Mixed | 153 | 2,298 | 226,111 | 643,373 |
| Chinese/Other | 39 | 827 | 70,928 | 231,424 |
| Population | | | | |
| **Total** | **12,114** | **224,248** | **7,172,091** | **49,138,831** |
| Density(/hectare) | 7.91 | 19.97 | 45.62 | 3.77 |
| Households | 4,811 | 91,722 | 3,015,997 | 20,451,427 |

Demographic data is produced by the Office for National Statistics for the ward of Rainham and Wennington. In 2001 the population of the ward was 12,114, consisting of 3,362 families and 4,811 households. The population is 93.35% White, 2.81% Asian, 2.25% Black and 0.32% Chinese or other. 75.58% report their religion as Christian compared to 76.13% for Havering, 58.23% in London and 71.74% in England. 12.04% report having no religion, compared to 13.18% in Havering, 15.76% in London and 14.59% in England.

At the 2001 census, there were 4,589 residents who fell into the social category ABC1, which equated to 37.9% of the population in the ward of Rainham and Wennington. The age distribution was: 5.32% aged 0–4, 15.63% aged 5–15, 5.02% aged 16–19, 33.78% aged 20–44, 24.92% aged 45–64 and 15.32% aged 65 years and older. The general health was described as follows: 70.49% good, 21.52% fairly good and 7.99% not good. 16.41% of people had a limiting long-term illness.

## Economy

The northern part of Rainham is identified in the London Plan as a local district centre with 20,000 square metres (220,000 sq ft) of commercial floorspace. Within Havering, it is identified as one of seven town centres in the borough, with a retail area extending along Upminster Road South and Broadway.

The southern part of Rainham is a centre for employment, part of the London Riverside business improvement district, and the location of the Tilda Rice main plant. Several large companies have operations and offices based in Rainham, including Keebles, Carpetright, Harveys Furniture, and Rainham Steel.

The plans of the London Thames Gateway Development Corporation include 3,200 new homes and the upgrading of run-down industrial and warehouse facilities on the A1306 road to provide mixed-use development. In 2006 Havering London Borough Council proposed that land in Rainham could be used for a large regional casino.

### Riverside sewage treatment works

The Riverside sewage treatment works is located off Manor Way adjacent to Rainham Creek; it is designed to treat up to 94,000 cubic metres per day of sewage. About 16,300 cubic metres per day is from factories; these factories contributed to the construction of the plant instead of paying a charge for the treatment of waste. The outfall of treated effluent is from the southern corner of the works into Rainham Creek (the tidal reach of the River Ingrebourne), and thence into the river Thames.

Sewage sludge was disposed of by dumping at sea at the Black Deep in the outer Thames Estuary, until this practice was banned in 1998. From 1998 to 2012 the sludge produced at Riverside was pumped to Beckton sewage works for treatment and incineration. In 2012 anaerobic digestion facilities were installed at Riverside, enabling the plant to turn solid waste into enough renewable energy to power the site.

## Culture

Havering Council's urban strategy recognises that nearby Hornchurch is the main cultural hub of the borough with a large theatre and arts spaces, and Romford offers the largest regional concentration of entertainment facilities.

## Transport

The A1306 road passes through Rainham and acts an alternative route to the main A13 road between Central London and the Dartford Crossing. High Speed 1 and the London, Tilbury & Southend line pass through the area, with Rainham railway station served by c2c train services running between Fenchurch Street in the City of London and Grays in Thurrock and is in London fare zone 6.

Several London bus routes serve Rainham, including routes 103, 165, 287, 372, which provide connections to Barking, Elm Park, Hornchurch, Lakeside and Romford.

The London Loop key walking route passes through Rainham, and it forms the end point of section 23 from Upminster Bridge and the starting point of section 24 to Purfleet.

The Belvedere Crossing is a proposed tunnel or bridge, between Belvedere and Rainham

On 26 May 2003, Mayor Question Time, then London Assembly member for Havering and Redbridge Roger Evans asked former Mayor of London Ken Livingstone what progress had been made in convincing the government of extending the Docklands Light Railway to Rainham, the mayor responded by saying Rainham would be linked to the DLR at Dagenham Dock by the East London Transit.

## InfoBox

| Rainham | |
| --- | --- |
| Rainham Hall in Broadway | |
| RainhamLocation within Greater London | |
| Population | 12,482 (Rainham and Wennington ward 2011) |
| OS grid reference | TQ525825 |
| Charing Cross | 13.6 mi (21.9 km) |
| London borough |  |
| Ceremonial county | Greater London |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | RAINHAM |
| Postcode district | RM13 |
| Dialling code | 01708 |
|  | |
| Police | Metropolitan |
| Fire | London |
| Ambulance | London |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
| London Assembly |  |
|