title: Porky's Poultry Plant

abstract: Porky's Poultry Plant is a 1936 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Frank Tashlin and composed by Carl Stalling. The short was released on August 22, 1936, and stars Porky Pig.

text:
# Porky's Poultry Plant

***Porky's Poultry Plant*** is a 1936 Warner Bros. *Looney Tunes* cartoon directed by Frank Tashlin and composed by Carl Stalling (their first short as director and composer, respectively for Warner Brothers). The short was released on August 22, 1936, and stars Porky Pig.

## Plot

Porky Pig is running his own poultry plant consisting of chickens, chicks, ducks and geese. Porky does his daily morning corn feeding. Later Porky sadly looks at photos of some of his chickens all taken away by a chicken-hawk and he shakes his fists at the poster of said chicken-hawk, vowing to get it once and for all.

Soon that very chicken-hawk approaches the poultry plant. Porky raises the alarm and all birds manage to hide except one little chick. The mother hen Henrietta notices that one of her chicks is missing and the chicken-hawk has taken him away. Porky drives his airplane out of the barn and pursues the chicken-hawk. After Porky blows off some tail feathers, the chicken-hawk calls for reinforcements from other chicken-hawks. The whole squadron almost has Porky crash landing but Porky retaliates and the rescue for the chicken becomes a football game. Porky rescues the chick and expels smoke on the chicken-hawk squadron. As the squadron falls, the hens dig a hole and bury the squadron after they land in.

As Porky lands his plane, there seems to be another chicken-hawk circling around, but it's only Porky's weather vane.

## Home media

This short was released on the *Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 4* DVD box set on November 14, 2006.

This short was released on the *Porky Pig 101* DVD box set on September 19, 2017.

1. Beck, Jerry; Friedwald, Will (1989). *Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies: A Complete Illustrated Guide to the Warner Bros. Cartoons*. Henry Holt and Co. p. 48. ISBN 0-8050-0894-2.
2. Lenburg, Jeff (1999). *The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons*. Checkmark Books. pp. 124–126. ISBN 0-8160-3831-7. Retrieved 6 June 2020.

## InfoBox

| Porky's Poultry Plant | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Frank Tashlin (credited as Frank Tash) |
| Produced by | Leon Schlesinger |
| Starring | Joe Dougherty
Tedd Pierce
Dorothy Lloyd
Dorothy Hill |
| Music by | Carl Stalling |
| Animation by | Don Williams
Volney White |
| Color process | Black and White |
| Distributed by | Warner Brothers Pictures |
| Release date | * August 22, 1936 (1936-08-22) (USA) |
| Running time | 8:01 |
| Language | English |


title: Porky's Pimpin' Pee Wee

abstract: Porky's Pimpin' Pee Wee is a 2009 American sex comedy film. It was produced as an ashcan copy in order to retain the legal rights to produce a remake of the film Porky's (1981).

text:
# Porky's Pimpin' Pee Wee

***Porky's Pimpin' Pee Wee*** is a 2009 American sex comedy film. It was produced as an ashcan copy in order to retain the legal rights to produce a remake of the film *Porky's* (1981).

## Premise

Three college student friends have misadventures over the summer.

## Cast

* Adam Wylie as Edward "Pee Wee" Morris
* John Patrick Jordan as Tommy
* Russ Hunt as Anthony "Meat" Tuperello
* Whitney Anderson as Shelly
* Sandra McCoy as Vanessa
* Cristin Michele as Tina Toppers
* Vic Polizos as "Porky" Wallace
* Barry Livingston as Uncle Howard
* Colleen Camp as Helen Morris

## Production

In 1994, a company called Lontano Investments purchased all rights to *Porky's*. In 2001, Lontano signed a contract with Mola Entertainment, giving the latter the exclusive right to produce a Porky's film in exchange for 1.5% of the budget of the picture, less option fees. The agreement also gave Mola the right to produce another sequel if it satisfied the conditions of its deal, including completing the first picture within five years and paying the purchase fee in whole. This agreement was subsequently amended a number of times, extending the time and increasing the purchase fee from 1.5% of the budget to 2.5%. Mola originally wanted to make a film with a budget of around $10 million but were unable to raise the finance. They decided to make a film in 2009 for under $1 million before its rights expired. It was originally entitled *Porky's: The College Years* and was later retitled *Porky's Pimpin' Pee Wee*.

"As time was running out they thought let’s whip up this cheap one and bury it," said Brian Trenchard-Smith, who was hired to direct four weeks before shooting began.

Shooting took place over 15 days on location in Canyon Country, California, and at a studio in Simi Valley, California, starting in October 2008. The director says the film was "designed as an homage to the 80′s sex-comedies where there are raging hormones that cause characters to defy logic and moral scruples in the search for the Holy Grail, which is to get laid. A desperate attempt to get laid." He says his aim was to make an update that did not lose the essence of the original.

## Release

The movie was briefly released via video on demand but was not released on DVD. Mola then claimed they had fulfilled their obligations under their contract with Lontano and retained rights to make another sequel. However, Lontano subsequently claimed that the film required a budget of $10 million to satisfy the arrangement. A lawsuit ensued, affecting plans by Howard Stern to make his own remake as Mola maintained it held rights on *Porky's* until April 1, 2014.

## InfoBox

| Porky's Pimpin' Pee Wee | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Brian Trenchard-Smith |
| Written by | Stephen Niver |
| Based on | Characters<br>by Bob Clark |
| Produced by | * Tony Roman * Chang Tseng * Paul Bronfman * Joel Roodman |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Ron Levy |
| Edited by | Lawrence Klein |
| Release date | * 2009 (2009) |
| Running time | 78 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $500,000 |


title: Ed Gerdes

abstract: Ed Gerdes or Eduard Gerdes (1887–1945) was a Dutch painter, art teacher, member of honorary art selection committees and during the last years of his life head of the visual arts guild at the Nederlandsche Kultuurkamer.

text:
# Ed Gerdes

**Ed Gerdes** or **Eduard Gerdes** (1887–1945) was a Dutch painter, art teacher, member of honorary art selection committees and during the last years of his life head of the visual arts guild at the Nederlandsche Kultuurkamer.

## Life

Gerdes was born in Amsterdam and became a pupil of Franz Deutmann. He is known for copies of old masters, portraits, still lifes and landscapes. In 1905 he became a member of Arti et Amicitiae. in 1908 a member of Vereeniging Sint Lucas and in 1910 he won the Willink van Collenprijs. In 1911 he married Adèle, the daughter of the then minister of internal affairs, Theo Heemskerk. A successful artist, he was friends with Han van Meegeren and from the 1920s began to sit on various art jury committees. In 1921 his daughter Sacha was born, who later became a model and an artist herself. His work was also part of the art competitions at the 1924 Summer Olympics, the 1928 Summer Olympics, and the 1936 Summer Olympics. His work was also included in the 1939 exhibition and sale *Onze Kunst van Heden* (Our Art of Today) at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.

In 1930 he divorced and in 1933 he became a member of the NSB (the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands). In 1941 he was selected by Tobie Goedewaagen to be the director of the Gilde voor Bouwkunst, Beeldende Kunsten en Kunstambacht, the part of the Nederlandsche Kultuurkamer that concerned the visual arts. The Kultuurkamer was opened in The Hague in 1942 as the local subdivision of the governmental agency Reichskulturkammer and only artists who were members were allowed to sell their art. It was closed to Jews and many artists refused membership, though not so much out of solidarity with their Jewish colleagues, but out of a firm belief that art had no place in the political arena and could not be judged by government employees. Gerdes became officially a government administrator, but his daughter had already broken with him in 1939 definitively by that point on political grounds.

Gerdes died in The Hague soon after the war ended in the hospital while being treated for blood poisoning.

## Works

His work is considered "daderkunst", or criminal art, based on his political career in the Kultuurkamer, but as the exhibition "Goed/Fout" in 2015 pointed out, all of his purchases for the Kultuurkamer were apolitical, generally still life paintings and landscapes. He was an admirer of Van Gogh, but painted in a more realistic style. Though he was prolific in his younger years, only his copies of old masters seem to have value on the art market today.

## Further reading

Media related to Ed Gerdes at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Ed Gerdes | |
| --- | --- |
| Ed Gerdes | |
| Born | (1887-01-03)3 January 1887
Amsterdam |
| Died | 10 May 1945(1945-05-10) (aged 58)
The Hague |
| Nationality | Dutch |
| Occupation(s) | Dutch painter and art teacher |


title: Portulaca kuriensis

abstract: Portulaca kuriensis is a species of flowering plant in the purslane family, Portulacaceae, that is endemic to Yemen. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and rocky areas.

text:
# Portulaca kuriensis

***Portulaca kuriensis*** is a species of flowering plant in the purslane family, Portulacaceae, that is endemic to Yemen. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and rocky areas.

## InfoBox

| *Portulaca kuriensis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Portulacaceae |
| Genus: | *Portulaca* |
| Species: | ***P. kuriensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Portulaca kuriensis***
A.G.Mill. | |
|


title: Portulaca minuta

abstract: Portulaca minuta, the tiny purslane, is a species of flowering plant. It grows in the Florida Keys and Bahamas.

text:
# Portulaca minuta

***Portulaca minuta***, the **tiny purslane**, is a species of flowering plant. It grows in the Florida Keys and Bahamas.

## InfoBox

| *Portulaca minuta* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Portulacaceae |
| Genus: | *Portulaca* |
| Species: | ***P. minuta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Portulaca minuta***<br>Correll | |
|


title: Poul Richard Høj Jensen

abstract: Poul Richard Høj Jensen "PRHJ" is a Danish sailor, boatbuilder, sailmaker and Olympic champion. Høj Jensen lives with his wife Sophia alternating in Burnham-on-Crouch and Freetown, Antigua and Barbuda.

text:
# Poul Richard Høj Jensen

Poul Richard Høj Jensen
| The picture shows (From left to right) Poul Richard Høj Jensen (Helmsman), Valdemar Bandolovski and Erik Hansen just after the 1976 medal ceremony. | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Sailing career | |
| Classes | Among many others: |
| Club |  |
|  | |
| Medal record      Sailing   Representing
Denmark
International Olympic Committee
United Kingdom   Olympic Games   1976 Montreal  Soling  1980 Moscow  Soling  World Championships   1989 Torbay  Dragon  2009 Medemblik  Dragon  1973 Quiberon  Soling  1979 Visby  Soling  1993 Travemünde  Dragon  1995 Perth  Dragon  1997  Dragon  European Championships   1982  Soling  1988  Dragon  1992  Dragon  1996  Dragon  2000  Dragon  1976 Geneva  Soling  2005 La Trinité-sur-Mer  Dragon  1980 Helsinki  Soling  Dragon Gold Cup   1990 Dublin  Dragon  1992 Ostend  Dragon  1994 Rungsted  Dragon  1997 Dublin  Dragon  2008 Cascais  Dragon | |
| Updated on 18 June 2018 | |

**Poul Richard Høj Jensen** "PRHJ" (born 2 June 1944) is a Danish sailor, boatbuilder, sailmaker and Olympic champion. Høj Jensen lives with his wife Sophia alternating in Burnham-on-Crouch and Freetown, Antigua and Barbuda.

## Personal life

Married with two children, two step children; seven grand children to date. Trained in mechanical engineering.

## Professional career

After completing National Service in the Danish Navy, Høj Jensen worked for Paul Elvstrøm and Hans Fogh in the sail, mast and boatbuilding business. Left the company 15 years later to set up sail making business with Hans Fogh and subsequently started his own Company "Høj Jensen Design" which became the North Sails Scandinavia franchise. In 1989 the sailmaking business merged with Petticrows in Burnham-on-Crouch, UK, and he concentrated on building One Design Boats; Dragons mainly. As Høj Jensen was involved in the nautical business, he was for many years formally (rules of International Olympic Committee & World Sailing) considered a professional sailor. However he was he never paid to sail, he also worked during his four Olympic Campaigns with little or no sponsorship. Høj Jensen considers himself to be a gifted amateur.

## Olympics

Høj Jensen participated in four consecutive Olympics from 1968. Together with Erik Hansen and Valdemar Bandolowski he won a gold medal in the Soling class at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, and again at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.

## Palmarès

The Palmarès of Høj Jensen is extensive. Therefore, the following criteria are used (with the exception of the Olympics where all results are listed):

* International championships with 45 boats or more
* National (country) championships as sanctioned by National Authorities.
* World, European Championships and Gold Cups as sanctioned by World Sailing.
* Only first places are noted, except for World, European and Championships where some 2nd and 3rd places are included.

Honours Knighted by the Queen of Denmark in 2001. German Dragon Class, Gold Dragon presented by Queen Silvia of Sweden 15 July 2009. KDY 1976 Sportsman of the year Scandinavia RYS Yachtsman of the year 2009. Honorable Member Danish Dragon Club. Olympic Games 7th, 1968 Olympics, Acapulco,  Mexico – FD (Where he replaced Hans Fogh in race 7). With Niels Jensen. 7th, 1972 Olympics, KielSchilksee,  West GermanyDragon. With Frank Høj Jensen and Gunner Dahlgaard. Gold, 1976 Olympics, Kingston,  Canada – Soling. With Erik Hansen and Valdemar Bandolowski. Gold, 1980 Olympics, Tallinn,  Soviet UnionSoling. With Erik Hansen and Valdemar Bandolowski. World Championships Master World Championships Corinthian World Championships European Championships Gold Cups Corinthian Dragon Gold Cups  Asia Pacific Championships Etchells  One Ton Cup Nordic Championships National Championships * Antigua and Barbuda  Antigua and Barbuda
    + 2008, 2009, Dragon
* Danish  Denmark
    + 1972, Trapeze
    + 1976, Spackhugger
    + 1973, 1979, 1980, 1982, Soling
    + 1977, 1978, 1980, 1981, 1985, H-Boat
    + 1963, 1966, 1968, OK dinghy
    + 1987, 1988, 1991, Dragon
* Egypt  Egypt
    + 1998, Dragon
* Finland  Finland
    + 1980, H-Boat
* France  France
    + 1991, 1995, 1997, Dragon
* German  Germany
    + 1984, H-Boat
    + 1992, 1994, 1995, Dragon
* Great Britain  United Kingdom
    + 1998, 1995, Etchells
    + 1993, 1996, 2002, 2005, 2006, Dragon
* Italy  Italy
    + 1999, Etchells
* Ireland  Ireland
    + 1970, 1993, 1994, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2012, Dragon
* Japan  Japan
* The Netherlands  Netherlands
    + 1997, 2001, 2011, Dragon
* Russia  Russia
    + 1994, 2000, Dragon
* Sweden  Sweden
    + 1992, Dragon

Other major regattas per class * 115' Bruce Farr ketch
    + 2011, Nelson Trophy
* Dragon
    + 1969, 2003, 2008, 2012, Princess Sophia, Spain, Mallorca
    + 1972, 1999, Kiel Week, Germany
    + 1991, 1992, 2001, 2003,Regatte Royale, France, Cannes
    + 1995, 1996, 1997, Grand Prix Samsonite, Spain, Blanes
    + 1995, 1998, 2005, 2006, 2007, Henrique Navigator, Portugal, Vilamoura/Lisboa
    + 1999, Cowes Week, UK
    + 2000, 2011, 2012, La Baule Derby, France
    + 2001, Baltic Regatta
    + 2001, 2002, Copa Mediterania Mallorca, Spain
    + 2002, 2004, Grand Prix Douarnenez, France
    + 2002, Drags Cup Cazaux
    + 2005, 2006, King Juan Carlos Cup
    + 2006, Iberian Championship
* H-Boat
    + 1978, 1979, Kieler Woche, Germany
* Soling
    + 1976, Ski Yachting, France, Cannes
    + 1980, Kieler Woche, Germany

Other Races Special for Høj Jensen

## InfoBox

| Poul Richard Høj Jensen | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1944-06-02) 2 June 1944
Copenhagen, Denmark |
| Nationality | Dane |
| Occupations | Retired * Sailmaker * Boatbuilder |
| Known for | (Olympic) yachtsman, Sailmaker & Boatbuilder. Høj Jensen won more than 125 major yachting titles. This includes Olympic, International and national championships in different sailing classes. |
| Height | 1.83 m (6.0 ft) |
| Spouses | * Birthe Rasmussen * Sophia |
| Children | Pia, Claus, Adrian and Justin (the latter two step)
**Grandchildren:** Mie, Mathias, Bella, Rommey, Harry, Tom and Rosie. |
| Father | C. J. Høj Jensen |
| Awards | * Knighted by the Queen of Denmark in 6-April-2000 (Ridder af Dannebrogordenen). * German Dragon Class, Gold Dragon presented by Queen Silvia of Sweden 15 July 2009. * KDY 1976 Sportsman of the year Scandinavia * RYS Yachtsman of the year 2009. * Honorable Member Danish Dragon Club since 10-October-2014. |


title: Eden (CDP), New York

abstract: Eden is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 3,516 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. Eden is a community in the town of Eden, located on U.S. Route 62 in the western part of the town.

text:
# Eden (CDP), New York

**Eden** is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 3,516 at the 2010 census. It is part of the BuffaloNiagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Eden is a community in the town of Eden, located on U.S. Route 62 in the western part of the town.

## Geography

Eden is located at 42°38′57″N 78°53′48″W / 42.64917°N 78.89667°W / 42.64917; -78.89667 (42.649427, -78.896795).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.6 square miles (14.6 km2), all land.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 3,346 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,579 people, 1,241 households, and 987 families living in the CDP. The population density was 634.7 inhabitants per square mile (245.1/km2). There were 1,275 housing units at an average density of 226.1 per square mile (87.3/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.04% White, 0.59% Black or African American, 0.22% Native American, 0.39% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.20% from other races, and 0.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.50% of the population.

There were 1,241 households, out of which 39.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.9% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.4% were non-families. 18.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.22.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 27.8% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $55,659, and the median income for a family was $60,081. Males had a median income of $41,597 versus $27,159 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $23,579. About 1.3% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.6% of those under age 18 and 4.1% of those age 65 or over.

1. "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
2. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
3. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
4. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.

## InfoBox

| Eden, New York | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| Location in Erie County and the state of New York | |
| Coordinates: 42°38′58″N 78°53′48″W / 42.64944°N 78.89667°W / 42.64944; -78.89667 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New York |
| County | Erie |
| Town | Eden |
| Area | |
| Total | 5.59 sq mi (14.49 km2) |
| Land | 5.59 sq mi (14.49 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 820 ft (250 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 3,346 |
| Density | 598.14/sq mi (230.95/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 14057 |
| Area code | 716 |
| FIPS code | 36-23404 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0949363 |
| Website | www.edenny.org |


title: Echinocereus russanthus

abstract: Echinocereus russanthus is a species of cactus native to Texas and Mexico.

text:
# Echinocereus russanthus

***Echinocereus russanthus*** is a species of cactus native to Texas and Mexico.

## Description

*Echinocereus russanthus* typically grows solitary or branches from the base. Its upright, cylindrical stems are 7.5 to 25 cm (3.0 to 9.8 in) long and 5 to 7.5 cm (2.0 to 3.0 in) in diameter, covered by thorns. The plant has 10 to 18 ribs that are distinctly tuberculated. It features 7 to 12 spreading central spines that are red, cream, or brownish, up to 3 cm (1.2 in) long, and 30 to 45 reddish to brownish radial spines, up to 1.8 cm (0.71 in) long.

The short, funnel-shaped flowers are light to bright red and often appear in clumps on the sides of the shoots, sometimes not fully opening. The flowers are 2.5 to 3 cm (0.98 to 1.18 in) long and wide. The green, spherical fruits are heavily thorny.

## Distribution

*Echinocereus russanthus* is native to the Big Bend region of southern Texas, USA, and the neighboring Mexican state of Chihuahua.

## Taxonomy

First described by Del Weniger in 1969, the specific epithet "russanthus" comes from the Latin "russus" (reddish) and the Greek "anthos" (flower), referring to the flower's color.

## InfoBox

| *Echinocereus russanthus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Cactaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cactoideae |
| Genus: | *Echinocereus* |
| Species: | ***E. russanthus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Echinocereus russanthus***
D.Weniger, 1969 | |
|
|  | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Echinocereus chloranthus var. russanthus* (D.Weniger) J.G.Lamb. ex Rowley 1972 publ. 1974 * *Echinocereus choranthus var. russanthus* (D.Weniger) J.G.Lamb. 1972 publ. 1974 * *Echinocereus viridiflorus var. russanthus* (D.Weniger) A.D.Zimmerman 2004 * *Echinocereus russanthus subsp. fiehnii* (Trocha) W.Blum & Mich.Lange 1998 * *Echinocereus russanthus var. fiehnii* Trocha 1997 | |


title: Edgar Gilbert (cricketer)

abstract: Edgar Gilbert was a Kittitian cricketer. He played in eleven first-class matches for the Leeward Islands from 1961 to 1968. The Edgar Gilbert Sporting Complex in his home town of Molyneux is named in his honour.

text:
# Edgar Gilbert (cricketer)

**Edgar Gilbert** (14 June 1933  July 2017) was a Kittitian cricketer. He played in eleven first-class matches for the Leeward Islands from 1961 to 1968. The Edgar Gilbert Sporting Complex in his home town of Molyneux is named in his honour.

## InfoBox

Edgar Gilbert
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1933-06-14)14 June 1933<br>St Kitts |
| Died | July 2017 |
| Source: Cricinfo, 24 November 2020 | |


title: Edgar Gifford, 4th Baron Gifford

abstract:
Edgar Berkeley Gifford, 4th Baron Gifford, was a British peer. He was the son of Robert Gifford, 2nd Baron Gifford, and Hon. Swinburne Frederica Charlotte FitzHardinge Berkeley, daughter of Admiral Maurice Berkeley, 1st Baron FitzHardinge. He was educated at Lancing and was a Lieutenant in the South Gloucestershire Militia. He succeeded in the barony on 5 June 1911. He married Anne Maud Aitchison, daughter of Lt.-Col. William Aitchison, 5 June 1918 and had issue:
  - Hon. Serena Mary Gifford. He died on 29 January 1937 at age 79, without male issue, and was succeeded in the barony by his nephew.

text:
# Edgar Gifford, 4th Baron Gifford

**Edgar Berkeley Gifford, 4th Baron Gifford** (8 March 1857 – 29 January 1937), was a British peer.

He was the son of Robert Gifford, 2nd Baron Gifford, and Hon. Swinburne Frederica Charlotte FitzHardinge Berkeley, daughter of Admiral Maurice Berkeley, 1st Baron FitzHardinge. He was educated at Lancing and was a Lieutenant in the South Gloucestershire Militia. He succeeded in the barony on 5 June 1911.

He married Anne Maud Aitchison, daughter of Lt.-Col. William Aitchison, 5 June 1918 and had issue:

* Hon. Serena Mary Gifford (born 30 September 1919).

He died on 29 January 1937 at age 79, without male issue, and was succeeded in the barony by his nephew.

## Coat of arms

Coat of arms of Edgar Gifford, 4th Baron Gifford
|  | NotesCoat of arms of the Gifford family CoronetA coronet of a Baron CrestA Panther's Head couped at the neck and affrontée between two Branches of Oak proper EscutcheonAzure a Chevron between three Stirrups with Leathers Or within a Bordure engrailed Argent pellety SupportersDexter: a Bay Horse proper charged on the shoulder with a Portcullis Or; Sinister: a Greyhound Argent charged on the body with three Ermine Spots MottoNon Sine Numine (Not without God's assistance) |
| --- | --- |

* Hesilrige, Arthur G. M. (1921). *Debrett's Peerage and Titles of courtesy*. London: Dean & Son. p. 398.
* Lodge, Edmund (1877). *The Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire as at Present Existing*. London: Hurst and Blackett.
* http://www.thepeerage.com/p7939.htm


title: Bobieding

abstract: Bobieding is a small Aboriginal community, located 120 km (75 mi) north of Broome in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, within the Shire of Broome.

text:
# Bobieding

**Bobieding** is a small Aboriginal community, located 120 km (75 mi) north of Broome in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, within the Shire of Broome.

## History

The Bobieding Community is named after a local fresh spring water hole called Bobbies Spring. Bobieding consists of members of an extended family and was founded by Phillip Cox, community elder.

## Native title

The community is located within the registered area of the Bindunbur (WAD359/2013) native title.

## Governance

The community is managed through its incorporated body, Bobieding Aboriginal Corporation, incorporated under the *Aboriginal Councils and Associations Act 1976* on 26 August 1988.

## Town planning

Bobieding Layout Plan No.1 has been prepared in accordance with State Planning Strategy 3.2 Aboriginal Settlements. Layout Plan No.1 was endorsed by the community on 1 August 2003, and by the Western Australian Planning Commission on 24 February 2004.

The Layout Plan map-set and background report can be viewed at Planning Western Australia's official site.

## InfoBox

| Bobieding<br>Western Australia | |
| --- | --- |
| Bobieding is situated on the western side of the Dampier Peninsula, north of Broome. | |
| Bobieding | |
| Coordinates | 16°58′28″S 122°38′04″E / 16.9743831°S 122.6345336°E / -16.9743831; 122.6345336 |
| Postcode(s) | 6725 |
| Time zone | AWST (UTC+8) |
| Location | 120 km (75 mi) north of Broome, Western Australia |
| LGA(s) | Shire of Broome |
| State electorate(s) | Kimberley |
| Federal division(s) | Durack |


title: Bluish-grey saltator

abstract: The bluish-grey saltator or Amazonian grey saltator is a passerine bird in the tanager family Thraupidae that is widespread in semi-open habitats in tropical and subtropical South America. Two of its former subspecies groups, grandis and olivascens, are now recognized as separate species, the cinnamon-bellied saltator and the olive-grey saltator.

text:
# Bluish-grey saltator

The **bluish-grey saltator** or **Amazonian grey saltator** (***Saltator coerulescens***) is a passerine bird in the tanager family Thraupidae that is widespread in semi-open habitats in tropical and subtropical South America.

Two of its former subspecies groups, *grandis* (of Mexico and Central America) and *olivascens* (of northern South America and Trinidad), are now recognized as separate species, the cinnamon-bellied saltator and the olive-grey (or Caribbean grey) saltator.

## Taxonomy

The bluish-grey saltator was formally described in 1817 by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot under the binomial name *Saltator coerulescens*. Vieillot based his description on the "Habia de la Ceja Blanca" that Félix de Azara had described in 1802 in his book on birds in Paraguay and the Río de la Plata. The specific epithet *coerulescens* is derived from Latin and means "bluish".

*Saltator coerulescens* was formerly known as the greyish saltator and included two subspecies groups: *grandis* (including *brevicaudus*, *hesperis*, *plumbiceps*, *vigorsii* and *yucatanensis*) and *olivascens* (including *brewsteri* and *plumbeus*). In 2021, they were recognized as separate species, the cinnamon-bellied saltator (*S. grandis*) and olive-grey (or Caribbean grey) saltator (*S. olivascens*). With these as separate species, *S. coerulescens* includes the subspecies *azarae*, *mutus* and *superciliaris*.

## Description

On average, the bluish-grey saltator is 20 cm long and weighs 52 g. The plumage depends on age and subspecies, but in general this bird has grey or greyish-olive upperparts, a white stripe over the eye, a narrow white throat, a grey breast and a buff or cinnamon belly.

The common call is a long-drawn upward slur, *ch'wheeet* or *ch'kweeee*, sometimes with a more elaborate beginning, as *hi'whee chu weeeeh*. The song is a warble, usually fairly short, varying from nasal to mellow.

## Distribution and habitat

This species occurs in a wide range of semi-open habitats, such as woodlands, scrub and edges of forest (it avoids the interior of dense forests) in tropical and subtropical South America, including northern Argentina, western Uruguay, Paraguay, widely in Brazil (being replaced by the olive-grey saltator in the extreme north near the borders with the Guianas and Venezuela), Bolivia, eastern Peru, eastern Ecuador, and southeastern Colombia (being replaced by the olive-grey saltator in central and northern parts of the country).

## Behaviour and ecology

The bluish-grey saltator feeds on fruits, buds and slow-moving arthropods. It forages at low and middle levels, sometimes in pairs or small groups and sometimes with mixed-species flocks that may include other saltators.

The two pale blue subelliptic eggs per clutch measure some 23–31.5 mm long by about 17–22 mm wide and weigh about 5 grams each. They look unusual for this genus as they have a circle of blackish-brown hairstreaks and dots around the blunt end. They are laid in a bulky cup nest 2–4 m high in a tree.

## Further reading

* Bencke, Glayson Ariel (2007): Avifauna atual do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: aspectos biogeográficos e distribucionais \["The Recent avifauna of Rio Grande do Sul: Biogeographical and distributional aspects"\]. Talk held on 2007-JUN-22 at *Quaternário do RS: integrando conhecimento*, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. PDF abstract
* Echeverry-Galvis, María Ángela & Córdoba-Córdoba, Sergio (2006): Descripción del huevo del saltátor collarejo (*Saltator cinctus*) y comentarios preliminares sobre huevos del género *Saltator*. \["Description of the egg of the Masked Saltator (*S. cinctus*) and preliminary comments on the eggs of the genus *Saltator*"\]. *Boletín de la Sociedad Antioqueña de Ornitología* **16**(1): 76–84. \[Spanish with English abstract\] PDF fulltext
* ffrench, Richard; O'Neill, John Patton & Eckelberry, Don R. (1991): *A guide to the birds of Trinidad and Tobago* (2nd edition). Comstock Publishing, Ithaca, N.Y.. ISBN 0-8014-9792-2
* Foster, Mercedes S. (2007): The potential of fruiting trees to enhance converted habitats for migrating birds in southern Mexico. *Bird Conservation International* **17**(1): 45–61. doi:10.1017/S0959270906000554 PDF fulltext
* Hilty, Steven L. (2003): *Birds of Venezuela*. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-6418-5
* Howell, Steven N. G. & Webb, Sophie (1995): *A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America*. Oxford University Press, Oxford & New York. ISBN 0-19-854012-4
* Stiles, F. Gary & Skutch, Alexander Frank (1989): *A guide to the birds of Costa Rica*. Comistock, Ithaca. ISBN 0-8014-9600-4

## InfoBox

| Bluish-grey saltator | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| In the Pantanal, Brazil | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Thraupidae |
| Genus: | *Saltator* |
| Species: | ***S. coerulescens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Saltator coerulescens***
Vieillot, 1817 | |
|
|  | |
| Range in green | |


title: Powell v. Texas

abstract: Powell v. Texas, 392 U.S. 514 (1968), was a United States Supreme Court case that ruled that a Texas statute criminalizing public intoxication did not violate the Eighth Amendment protection against cruel and unusual punishment. The 5–4 decision's plurality opinion was by Justice Thurgood Marshall. Justice Hugo Black and Byron White each wrote separate concurring opinions while Justice Abe Fortas dissented.

text:
# Powell v. Texas

***Powell v. Texas***, 392 U.S. 514 (1968), was a United States Supreme Court case that ruled that a Texas statute criminalizing public intoxication did not violate the Eighth Amendment protection against cruel and unusual punishment. The 5–4 decision's plurality opinion was by Justice Thurgood Marshall. Justice Hugo Black and Byron White each wrote separate concurring opinions while Justice Abe Fortas dissented.

## Background

The defendant, Leroy Powell, worked in a tavern shining shoes for which he received approximately $12/week. Though Powell had a family, he provided no support to them but would use his paycheck to buy wine, which he drank daily and, about once a week, to the point of intoxication.

Powell was no stranger to the court system; "appellant had been convicted of public intoxication approximately 100 times since 1949, primarily in Travis County, Texas" (though he had a few convictions in neighboring Bastrop County, Texas). Each time, he would be fined $20 (for Travis County offenses) or $25 (for Bastrop County offenses); he would almost always have no means to pay the fine and was thus obliged to work off the fine in jail at the rate of $5/day.

In this specific case, Powell was arrested in Travis County in late December 1966 on yet another public intoxication charge. His case was heard before the Corporation Court of Austin, Texas (what the Austin municipal court was then called); Powell was once again found guilty and was once again fined $20. This time, though, his defense counsel appealed the conviction to the Travis County Court of Law No. 1 on the grounds that Powell could not be arrested for being an alcoholic. The County Court heard the case de novo and Powell was again found guilty and fined him $50. As no further appeals were available for Powell within the Texas judicial system, his counsel appealed to the United States Supreme Court.

## Opinion of the Court

### Plurality opinion

Four members of the Court concluded that Powell, the defendant who was convicted of public intoxication, "was convicted, not for being a chronic alcoholic, but for being in public while drunk on a particular occasion." Therefore, the Texas statute was not criminalizing the condition of alcoholism alone, but instead punishing the defendant for his public behavior. The majority distinguished the case from the earlier case *Robinson v. California* (1962), which ruled that drug addiction alone as a disease could not be criminalized.

### Concurring opinions

Justices Black and Harlan joined Marshall's plurality opinion. But in a separate concurrence, Justice Black (joined by Justice Harlan) expounded on the plurality's reasoning. He wrote that striking down public intoxication laws "would significantly limit the States in their efforts to deal with a widespread and important social problem and would do so by announcing a revolutionary doctrine of constitutional law that would also tightly restrict state power to deal with a wide variety of other harmful conduct."

Justice White did not join the plurality opinion (had he done so, that would have made it a majority opinion). Instead, he concurred only in its judgment affirming Powell's conviction. In his view, for *Robinson* to apply to this case, the Court would have to find not only that Powell was compelled to drink but also that he was compelled to be in public—an element of the crime. Yet Powell provided no evidence to support that conclusion. Indeed, Powell "had a home," and "\[f\]or all we know from this record, \[he\] at the time knew precisely where he was, retained the power to stay off or leave the streets, and simply preferred to be there rather than elsewhere." The absence of such evidence precluded Powell's claim—regardless of whether his claim would otherwise have succeeded. Thus, Powell concluded, it was unnecessary for the Court to opine further on the legal questions presented in the case (as the plurality had done).

### Dissenting opinion

Justice Fortas, writing for the dissent, argued that chronic alcoholism was a disease and was no different than the case in *Robinson*, which involved narcotic addiction. Therefore, regardless of where the intoxication took place, Powell should not have been convicted.

## InfoBox

| Powell v. Texas | |
| --- | --- |
| Supreme Court of the United States | |
| Argued March 7, 1968
Decided June 17, 1968 | |
| Full case name | *Powell v. Texas* |
| Citations | 392 U.S. 514 (*more*)88 S. Ct. 2145; 20 L. Ed. 2d 1254 |
| Case history | |
| Prior | Appeal from the County Court at Law No. 1 of Travis County, Texas. |
| Holding | |
| A Texas law criminalizing public intoxication did not constitute cruel and unusual punishment. | |
| Court membership | |
| Chief Justice Earl Warren  Associate Justices Hugo Black **·**  William O. Douglas
John M. Harlan II **·**  William J. Brennan Jr.
Potter Stewart **·**  Byron White
Abe Fortas **·**  Thurgood Marshall | |
| Case opinions | |
| Plurality | Marshall, joined by Warren, Black, Harlan |
| Concurrence | Black, joined by Harlan |
| Concurrence | White (in result) |
| Dissent | Fortas, joined by Douglas, Brennan, Stewart |
| Laws applied | |
| U.S. Const. amend. VIII | |


title: Eclipta championella

abstract: Eclipta championella is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1880.

text:
# Eclipta championella

***Eclipta championella*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1880.

## InfoBox

| *Eclipta championella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Eclipta* |
| Species: | ***E. championella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eclipta championella***<br>(Bates, 1880) | |
|


title: Bocchoris isakalis

abstract: Bocchoris isakalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Viette in 1954. It is found in Madagascar. It has a wingspan of 18mm.

text:
# Bocchoris isakalis

***Bocchoris isakalis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Viette in 1954. It is found in Madagascar.

It has a wingspan of 18mm.

## InfoBox

| *Bocchoris isakalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Bocchoris* |
| Species: | ***B. isakalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Bocchoris isakalis***<br>Viette, 1954 | |
|


title: Bobby Darin Sings Ray Charles

abstract: Bobby Darin Sings Ray Charles is an album by American singer Bobby Darin, released in 1962. It reached number 96 on the Billboard 200 and remained there for 11 weeks.

text:
# Bobby Darin Sings Ray Charles

***Bobby Darin Sings Ray Charles*** is an album by American singer Bobby Darin, released in 1962. It reached number 96 on the *Billboard 200* and remained there for 11 weeks.

## Background

Darin recorded the album as a tribute to Ray Charles. His version of "What'd I Say" was a Grammy nomination for Best Rhythm and Blues Recording. Guest soloists included Nino Tempo, Plas Johnson and Darlene Love. Darin once said, "I'm proud to say that I was on the Ray Charles bandwagon when it was just a baby carriage. In fact, two singers—Fats Domino and Ray Charles—opened up my ears to a whole new world, different from anything I'd heard until then. They both became major influences when I realized these are the roots."

The album was reissued on CD in 2004.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

In his Allmusic review, critic JT Griffith wrote "In addition to the rocking "What'd I Say," standouts include the swinging testament to love, "I Got a Woman," "Ain't That Love," and "Hallelujah I Love Her So."... A listener can debate if these covers are as good as the originals (could they be?) but not the authenticity that jumps off the turntable."

## Track listing

All songs by Ray Charles unless otherwise noted.

1. "What'd I Say" – 4:08
2. "I Got a Woman" (Charles, Renald Richard) – 6:34
3. "Tell All the World About You" (Charles, Percy Mayfield) – 1:54
4. "Tell Me How Do You Feel" – 2:50
5. "My Bonnie" – 2:33
6. "The Right Time" (Lew Herman) – 3:28
7. "Hallelujah I Love Her So" – 2:51
8. "Leave My Woman Alone" – 3:16
9. "Ain't That Love" – 2:57
10. "Drown in My Own Tears" (Henry Glover) – 3:23
11. "That's Enough" – 2:23

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Bobby Darin Sings Ray Charles | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Bobby Darin | |
| Released | March 1962 |
| Genre | Rhythm and blues |
| Length | 36:17 |
| Label | Atco |
| Producer | Ahmet Ertegün |
| Bobby Darin chronology | |
| *Twist with Bobby Darin*
(1961) ***Bobby Darin Sings Ray Charles***
(1962) *Things and Other Things*
(1962) | |


title: Pozer River

abstract: The Pozer River is a river that originates in Shenley Township and flows into the Chaudière River at Saint-Georges. The latter flows northward to empty onto the south shore of the St. Lawrence River. It flows in the municipalities of Saint-Honoré-de-Shenley, Saint-Benoit-Labre and Saint-Georges, in the Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, in Quebec, in Canada.

text:
# Pozer River

The **Pozer River** (*in French: rivière Pozer*) is a river that originates in Shenley Township and flows into the Chaudière River at Saint-Georges. The latter flows northward to empty onto the south shore of the St. Lawrence River. It flows in the municipalities of Saint-Honoré-de-Shenley, Saint-Benoit-Labre and Saint-Georges (Aubert-Gallion sector), in the Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, in Quebec, in Canada.

## Geography

The main neighboring watersheds of the Pozer river are:

The Pozer River takes its sources from several tributaries that drain lakes Saint-Charles, Poulin and Raquette as well as the northern part of the township of Shenley. Its source is located at 7.7 kilometres (4.8 mi) northeast of the center of the village of La Guadeloupe, at 5.6 kilometres (3.5 mi) north of the center of the village of Saint-Honoré-de-Shenley and 8.7 kilometres (5.4 mi) southeast of the center of the village of Saint-Éphrem-de-Tring.

From its source, the Pozer River flows on 26.9 kilometres (16.7 mi) divided into the following segments:

* 5.9 kilometres (3.7 mi) towards the northeast, cutting on 0.5 kilometres (0.31 mi) the southeast part of the municipality of Saint-Éphrem-de-Beauce, up to a country road;
* 3.8 kilometres (2.4 mi) towards the northeast, collecting water from the Tomiche stream (coming from the north), to a country road, which it cuts at 2.7 kilometres (1.7 mi) south of the village of Saint-Benoît-Labre;
* 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) north-east, to a country road;
* 6.3 kilometres (3.9 mi) northeasterly, up to the limit between Saint-Benoit-Labre and Saint-Georges;
* 1.1 kilometres (0.68 mi) north-east, to a country road;
* 3.9 kilometres (2.4 mi) towards the northeast, zigzagging and forming a loop towards the north, until 30th avenue;
* 3.1 kilometres (1.9 mi) north-east, crossing "Les Sept Chutes" and "Parc des Sept Chutes", on the south side of Domaine Pozer, to route 271;
* 1.1 kilometres (0.68 mi) northward, in the western part of Domaine Pozer (residential estate) north of the west shore area in Saint-Georges, until its confluence.

Its winding course extends for approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) in a northeast direction, crosses the municipality of Saint-Benoît-Labre, the former municipality of Aubert-Gallion, flows into the Parc des Sept-Chutes, up to its confluence with the Chaudière River at Saint-Georges.

## Toponymy

Formerly, this watercourse was designated "Jean-Gagnon river"; this name appears on a document of 1818. This name, still attested on a map of 1864 in the form of "Rivière Gagnon", would evoke a pioneer (or a family group) established in this zone. The spelling of this name can also derive from the phonetic evolution of Gallion, one of the components of the patronymic which served to name the lordship Aubert-Gallion. Gayon, Galion and Gagnon are spellings in popular use according to the sources designating this seigneury at various times.

The current name of the river recalls the family of John George Pfo(t)zer (the spelling became Pozer), who acquired the Aubert-Gallion seigneury in 1808. He was nicknamed the Millionaire Pozer. In 1817, he brought to Canada, 189 of his German compatriots whom he installed in his seigneury. This name was imposed by usage towards the end of the last century. It probably evokes more specifically Christian Henry Pozer (1835-1884), lawyer, born and died in the manor of Aubert-Gallion. The latter was elected deputy in 1867 and became a senator in 1876. Throughout his career, he devoted himself actively to the erection of new townships, mining exploration and the construction of railways in Beauce

The toponym "Pozer River" was made official on December 5, 1968, at the Commission de toponymie du Québec.

## InfoBox

| Pozer River | |
| --- | --- |
| Pozer River seen from the Highway 271 bridge downstream. | |
|  | |
| Native name | *Rivière Pozer* (French) |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Quebec |
| Region | Chaudière-Appalaches |
| MRC | Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality, |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Agricultural and forest streams |
| location | Saint-Honoré-de-Shenley |
| coordinates | 46°00′34″N 70°51′41″W / 46.009366°N 70.861461°W / 46.009366; -70.861461 |
| elevation | 308 metres (1,010 ft) |
|  | |
| Mouth | Chaudière River |
| location | Saint-Georges |
| coordinates | 46°03′28″N 70°41′57″W / 46.05783°N 70.69928°W / 46.05783; -70.69928 |
| elevation | 160 metres (520 ft) |
| Length | 26.9 kilometres (16.7 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| River system | St. Lawrence River |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | (upstream) ruisseau à Tomiche, ruisseau de la Fabrique, ruisseau Busque, ruisseau Gédéon-Loubier, ruisseau Breton, ruisseau Victor-Loubier, ruisseau Sainte-Anne |
| right | (upstream) ruisseau Labbé, ruisseau Fleury, ruisseau Veilleux, ruisseau de la Ceinture, ruisseau Giroux, ruisseau Georges-Beaudoin, ruisseau Émile-Patry |


title: Roots Radicals

abstract: "Roots Radicals" is a song by the American punk rock band Rancid. It was first released as a single in 1994. The song was re-recorded and released as the first single from its third album,...And Out Come the Wolves. The song reached number 27 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks. The b-side, "I Wanna Riot" was originally featured on the Epitaph Records compilation Punk-O-Rama Vol. 1 (1994), and a slightly different and longer version of "I Wanna Riot" with the Stubborn All-Stars was later featured on the Beavis and Butt-head Do America Soundtrack (1996).

text:
# Roots Radicals

**"Roots Radicals"** is a song by the American punk rock band Rancid. It was first released as a single in 1994. The song was re-recorded and released as the first single from its third album, *...And Out Come the Wolves*. The song reached number 27 on the *Billboard* Modern Rock Tracks. The b-side, "I Wanna Riot" was originally featured on the Epitaph Records compilation *Punk-O-Rama Vol. 1* (1994), and a slightly different and longer version of "I Wanna Riot" with the Stubborn All-Stars was later featured on the *Beavis and Butt-head Do America Soundtrack* (1996).

## Track listing

1. "Roots Radicals" – 2:47
2. "I Wanna Riot" – 3:06

## Song information

The song is a tribute to Roots reggae, a subgenre of reggae music known for political radicalism. Specifically, the band is acknowledging that "the roots, the reggae on my stereo" to which the band listened during their teenage years influenced their later work. The title lyric and the line "you know I'm a radical," refer to the Jimmy Cliff song "Roots Radical", which features the chorus, "I'm a radical, I'm a roots radical". One of the repeated verses references Desmond Dekker, one of the most successful roots musicians. The song also draws inspiration from Bunny Wailer's "Roots, Radics, Rockers and Reggae" and Stiff Little Fingers version of that song, "Roots, Radicals, Rockers and Reggae". The "60 bus", which is mentioned in the beginning of the song, refers to a transit route that runs north from downtown Campbell, California along Winchester Boulevard to Santa Clara. The "43 bus," referenced in the song, is the defunct AC Transit 43 line which ran from El Cerrito Plaza, through Albany, Berkeley and Oakland to the Eastmont section of Oakland.

The lines "*All the punk rockers*/*And the moonstompers*" references the Symarip track Skinhead Moonstomp, and alludes obliquely to the band's extensive skinhead fanbase.

Another line from "Roots Radicals" provided the name for *Give 'Em the Boot*, a series of Hellcat Records compilations albums.

## InfoBox

| "Roots Radicals" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Rancid | |
| from the album  *...And Out Come the Wolves* | |
| Released | August 7, 1995 (1995-08-07) |
| Recorded | February–May, 1995 at Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, California; Electric Lady Studios, New York City |
| Genre | Punk rock |
| Length | 2:47 |
| Label | Epitaph |
| Songwriter(s) | Tim Armstrong / Lars Frederiksen / Matt Freeman |
| Producer(s) | Jerry Finn, Rancid |
| Rancid singles chronology | |
| "Salvation"
(1995) "**Roots Radicals**"
(1995) "Time Bomb"
(1995) | |


abstract: The Portuguese invasion of Jaffna kingdom in 1560 AD was the first expedition against the Jaffna kingdom by the Portuguese Empire. It was led by Viceroy Dom Constantino de Bragança and resulted in the capture of the capital, Nallur. The king of Jaffna, Cankili I, managed to escape and regained the capital through a pact that he made with the Portuguese. He subsequently incited a peoples' rebellion against the Portuguese, resulting in their withdrawing their forces from Nallur. The Jaffna kingdom, however, lost its sovereignty over Mannar Island and its main town, Mannar.

text:
# Portuguese invasion of the Jaffna kingdom (1560)

The **Portuguese invasion of Jaffna kingdom** in 1560 AD was the first expedition against the Jaffna kingdom by the Portuguese Empire. It was led by Viceroy Dom Constantino de Bragança and resulted in the capture of the capital, Nallur. The king of Jaffna, Cankili I, managed to escape and regained the capital through a pact that he made with the Portuguese. He subsequently incited a peoples' rebellion against the Portuguese, resulting in their withdrawing their forces from Nallur. The Jaffna kingdom, however, lost its sovereignty over Mannar Island and its main town, Mannar.

## Background

The massacre of about 600 to 700 Christians in Mannar in 1544 by Cankili I enraged Catholic priests, who complained to the Portuguese authorities in Goa. The Portuguese did not carry out any reprisals, however, as they were facing hostilities in India. The complaint eventually reached the King João III, who ordered his forces at Goa to punish the King of Jaffna for his actions. There was a delay in carrying out the order.

When Dom Constantino left Portugal in 1558, Queen Catherine instructed him to execute the king's order, which had been delayed for various reasons. She ordered that the king of Jaffna should be punished especially for the Mannar massacre and the continuing persecution of Christians.

## Battle

Dom Constantino sailed in September 1560 from Goa to Jaffna with 20 galleys, 10 galiots, and 70 ships. The forces consisted of 1,200 soldiers; that small number of troops was unfit to carry out the planned invasion.

The forces reached the shore of Colombuthurai, where they were met by the Jaffna forces of 2,000 soldiers led by a prince. The heavy artillery barrage from the Portuguese ships inflicted significant casualties on the Jaffna forces, and as a result, the Portuguese forces were able to reach land and advance on the capital. The capital was located on an open plain and fortified by stones and sands, with some strong bastions provided with artillery and much infantry.

The capital fell to the Portuguese and the king withdrew his forces to a small fort in Kopay. Before the next day's dawn, the palace was set afire and the king escaped to the Vanni region. A group of Portuguese soldiers followed in an attempt to capture him, but were unsuccessful.

## Pact

Acknowledging that he was not in a position to repel the enemy forces, the king sent Dom Constantino to sue for peace. The viceroy seized the opportunity, as he had limited troops and was short of food and ammunition. The provisions of the pact signed between the warring parties were as follows:

* The king and his son were allowed to continue to rule the kingdom
* Control of Mannar Island and the western shore would be ceded to the Portuguese
* Jaffna forces were not permitted firearms and other explosive weapons
* Jaffna was not allowed to employ foreign forces
* Portuguese forces were permitted to remain in Jaffna
* The hidden treasury of the father of the Kotte king was to be handed over to the Portuguese
* Every year a certain number of elephants would be provided to the Portuguese as a tribute
* Catholic missionary work was not allowed to be disrupted
* A prince and two Mudaliyars would be retained by the Portuguese to secure the provisions of the pact

## Further reading

* Abeyadinghe, Tikiri (1986). *Jaffna under the Portuguese*. Lake House Investments Ltd.
* S., Pathmanathan (1978). *The Kingdom of Jaffna*. Vol. I. Arul M. Rajendran.
* Gunasingam, Murugar (2005). *Primary sources for History of the Sri Lankan Tamils*. M.V. Publications for the South Asian Studies Centre. p. 368. ISBN 978-06-464-5428-3. 978 06 464 54283

## InfoBox

| Portuguese invasion of Jaffna kingdom (1560) | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Portuguese conquest of the Jaffna kingdom | |
| Date 1560  Location Nallur, Jaffna  Result * Portuguese captured the capital * Pact between Portuguese and Jaffna kingdom * Portuguese failed to subdue Jaffna, but Mannar Island and surrounding controlled by the Portuguese | |
| Belligerents | |
| Portuguese Empire | Jaffna kingdom |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Dom Constantino de Bragança | Cankili I |
| Strength | |
| 1,200 soldiers | 2,000 soldiers (first attack)<br>Unknown (Defending capital) |
| Casualties and losses | |
| Few | Heavy |


title: Bodzewo

abstract: Bodzewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaski, within Gostyń County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Piaski, 6 km (4 mi) south-east of Gostyń, and 63 km (39 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań.

text:
# Bodzewo

**Bodzewo** \[bɔˈd͡zɛvɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piaski, within Gostyń County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Piaski, 6 km (4 mi) south-east of Gostyń, and 63 km (39 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań.

## InfoBox

| Bodzewo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Bodzewo | |
| Coordinates: 51°50′48″N 17°4′32″E / 51.84667°N 17.07556°E / 51.84667; 17.07556 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Gostyń |
| Gmina | Piaski |


title: Edith Kristan-Tollmann

abstract: Edith Kristan-Tollmann, nee Edith Kristan was an Austrian geologist and paleontologist. A prolific scientist with an interest in micropalaeontology and especially the foraminifera of the Triassic and the Jurassic eras, Kristan-Tollmann published widely in her field. She is also known for originating with her husband Alexander Tollmann a thoroughly documented theory of the evolution of human legend and social structures as a result of a massive impact event which struck multiple points on earth. The latter has become known as Tollmann's hypothetical bolide.

text:
# Edith Kristan-Tollmann

**Edith Kristan-Tollmann**, nee Edith Kristan (14 April 1934 in Vienna – 25 August 1995) was an Austrian geologist and paleontologist. A prolific scientist with an interest in micropalaeontology and especially the foraminifera of the Triassic (in the then Tethys Ocean) and the Jurassic eras, Kristan-Tollmann published widely in her field. She is also known for originating with her husband Alexander Tollmann a thoroughly documented theory of the evolution of human legend and social structures as a result of a massive impact event which struck multiple points on earth. The latter has become known as Tollmann's hypothetical bolide.

## Life

The daughter of an elementary school director, Kristan-Tollmann initially wanted to become a teacher herself. She received her secondary school diploma from a teacher-training school. However, she shifted her focus to study geology, paleontology and petrography in Vienna under the tutelage of Othmar Kühn, Felix Machachki, Hans Wieseneder and Leopold Kober. She received her doctorate in geology and paleontology in 1959 in the region of Hohe Wand. In the same year she completed her education, she married her classmate Alexander Tollmann, with whom she had a son Raoul in 1967. During her studies she also worked as a religion teacher in Vienna.

Kristan-Tollmann specialized in micropalaeontology and especially the foraminifera of the Triassic (in the then Tethys Ocean) and the Jurassic periods. She described numerous new taxa. In addition to foraminifera, she later treated ostracods and other microfossils and invertebrate macro-fossils such as crinoids (which were a particular favorite of hers), corals, mollusks, brachiopods, and sea cucumbers. After initially working as a freelancer for the Geological Survey of Austria, from 1961 to 1968 she was a micropaleontologist adviser to the OMV. She was a visiting scholar at the Swedish Geological State Institute in Stockholm in 1966 and a Humboldt Fellow at the Naturmuseum Senckenberg and the University of Frankfurt in 1971/72, and then at the University of Tübingen in 1972/73. From 1976 to 1978 she conducted research at the Natural History Museum Vienna.

In 1982 she received a post-doctoral degree in micropaleontology in Vienna and gave courses at the universities in Graz and Innsbruck.

She died in 1995 of cancer.

## Career

Kristan-Tollmann collected samples almost all over the Alps and expanded her sampling in the 1970s worldwide (Turkey, Iran, China, Timor, New Guinea, Australia, Japan, Central and North America as the Sonoran Desert in Mexico), on some quite dangerous trips to remote areas. For example, in 1975 she narrowly escaped the East Timor genocide. She often traveled alone, but prepared for her trips quite thoroughly. A major focus of her worldwide work was the global remote correlation of paleontological data in the Triassic Tethys and early Jurassic, the Black Jurassic. She discovered a surprising similarity in the fauna and the sequences, which also led to revisions of descriptions of taxa. Through her work, many of the early macro-fossils from this period which were first described in Austria in the classical period of paleontology and had been described differently in other parts of the world were reassigned. It also led to revisions in the theory of ocean currents in the Tethys Ocean, as larvae were posited to have traveled great distances as part of plankton in that body of water. For one example, she explained the correspondence of observably similar rock bodies in Alpine regions and Chine in the Triassic period as a function of global fluctuations in sea level. She explored the division between the Tethys Ocean and Panthalassa in New Caldonia.

Kristan-Tollmann was a founding member of the Shallow Tethys and was involved in the organization of their meetings, for example, at the 4th Congress in 1994 at the Castle Albrechtsberg the Tollmanns. In 1991 she also organized the 3rd meeting of German-speaking ostracod researchers in Albrechtsberg.

She authored around 120 scientific publications and was the first to describe around 500 new taxa. Her publication areas included foraminifera, ostracods, echinoderms, and calcareous nannofossils.

The collection primarily reflects Edith Kristan-Tollmann's work on Foraminifera from the Triassic and Lower Jurassic and also contains a small amount of material published by her husband Alexander on the Neogene of Austria (full publication list for AT in Lein, 2007). Edith Kristan-Tollmann published extensively not only on Foraminifera but also on ostracods, echinoderms (holothurians, micro-crinoids) and calcareous nannofossils (full publication list in Lobitzer, 1996). Published foraminifera include the genera Variostoma, Diplotremina, Plagiostomella, Duostomina, Asymmetrina from the Triassic (1960) and Scyphodon, Callonina and Nephrosphaera from the Silurian of Austria (1971) and numerous new species. Although early work focused on the Alps and Austria, later published material embraced the Triassic of Iran, India, China, Japan, Indonesia, Papua-New Guinea, Australia and New Zealand, with discussions of taxonomy and distribution patterns throughout Tethys. A number of publications cite material as deposited in 'Sammlung Kristan-Tollmann, Geologisches Institut der Universität Wien' but this is not correct and the specimens were, in fact, retained as a private collection. The Kristan-Tollmann Collection is currently being accessed into the Senckenberg Foraminifera Collections.

From 1978 to 1992, she published along with her husband, Tollmann, the communications of the Austrian Geological Society. From 1975 to 1977 and again from 1990 to 1992, she was on the Advisory Board of the Paleontological Society.

## Catastrophic theories

Kristan-Tollmann had been interested in the history of the priesthood and in theology and archaeology since her youth. In 1992, she co-published with her husband Alexander Tollmann an article that posited that around 7,500 BCE a Mesolithic disaster occurred when a comet struck the earth. According to the couple, the comet divided into seven fragments that struck the earth in seven places, documented in the myths and religious tracts of multiple cultures. The pair followed up this publication with a book on the same subject in 1993, *Und die Sintflut gab es doch: vom Mythos zur historischen Wahrheit* (*And The Flood Did Exist: From the Myth to the Historical Truth*), which became a bestseller in Austria and Germany. The book attributes to this disaster, with has become known as Tollmann's hypothetical bolide, the origin of priesthood (as a person who facilitates sacrifices to the gods), world religions, the Christian Genesis flood narrative, the myth of Atlantis and many other things. The authors credited the meteorite impact theory of Luis Walter Alvarez as influencing their own theories of a geological catastrophe that so influenced human history. They also postulated that such impact events were recurrent on about a 10,000 year cycle, citing dust bands in the Antarctic ice core around 17,000 to 18,000 years old as an indication that a previous impact had contributed to warming at the end of the last ice age. The theories reported in both the article and the book were the subject of fierce criticism. Other scientists tended to the theory that the Tollmanns had pushed their interpretation of the data too far, although the evidence of a comet impact at the time they posit has not been thoroughly discredited.

Kristan-Tollmann also contributed to a follow-up book with Alexander Tollmann which was not published until after her death, *Das Weltenjahr geht zu Ende*, in which they predicted that, based on the prophecies of Nostradamus, the world would end at the turn of the millennium.

## Political activism

Kristan-Tollmann was active in the anti-nuclear movement and on behalf of environmental protection. Her husband played a significant role in Green politics in Austria. In *Und die Sintflut gab es doch*, they also warn against exposure to the numerous nuclear power plants around the world, especially with regard to geological (earthquake) and impact risks.

## Select writings

* "Rotaliidea (Foraminifera) aus der Trias der Ostalpen", in: *Beiträge zur Mikropaläontologie der alpinen Trias*, Jahrbuch Geologische Bundesanstalt, Sb. 5, Wien 1960, S. 47–78
* *Entwicklungsreihen der Triasforaminiferen*. Paläont. Z., 37, 1963, 147–154,
* *Zur Charakteristik triadischer Mikrofaunen*. Paläont. Z., 38, 1964, 66–73,
* *Die Foraminiferen aus den rhätischen Zlambachmergeln der Fischerwiese bei Aussee im Salzkammergut*, 1964
* "Die Entwicklung der Tethystrias und Herkunft ihrer Fauna," in: *Geologische Rundschau* 71(3) · October 1982

### With Alexander Tollmann

* *Die Stellung der Tethys in der Trias und die Herkunft ihrer Fauna*. Mitt. österr. geol. Ges., 74–75 (1981/82), 129–135,
* *Paleogeography of the European Tethys from Paleozoic to Mesozoic and the Triassic Relations of the Eastern Part of Tethys and Panthalassa*. In: K. Nakazawa, J. M. Dickins (Herausgeber), *The Tethys - Her Paleogeography and Paleobiogeography from Paleozoic to Mesozoic*, 3–22, 1985, Tokio (Tokai Univ. Press).
* "How did they manage to travel the World 230 million years ago?" *Austria Today*, Heft 4, 1985, 33–40,
* *Und die Sintflut gab es doch. Vom Mythos zur historischen Wahrheit*, Droemer-Knaur 1993 (also translated into Dutch)
* "The youngest big impact on Earth deduced from geological and historical evidence." *Terra Nova*, March 1994

## Further reading

* Nachruf von Harald Lobitzer in Mitt. Österr. Geolog. Ges., 87, 1996, 151–157
* Richard Lein, Leo Krystyn, *Edith Kristan-Tollmann* (14. April 1934 bis 25. August 1995), Albertiana 1996
* Tillfried Cernajsek: *Kristan-Tollmann, Edith*, in: Brigitta Keintzel, Ilse Korotin (Hrsg.): *Wissenschafterinnen in und aus Österreich : Leben – Werk – Wirken.* Wien : Böhlau, 2002 ISBN 3-205-99467-1, S. 411–414

1. Franz, Claudia (2011). "Micropalaeontological Notebook Foraminifera collections in the Senckenberg Naturmuseum". *Journal of Micropalaeontology*. doi:10.1144/0262-821X11-013. S2CID 129323380.
2. Verschuur, Gerrit L. (1997). *Impact! : the Threat of Comets and Asteroids*. Cary: Oxford University Press. pp. 103–106. ISBN 9780198026174. OCLC 936913955.


title: Ronald Kantowski

abstract: Ronald Kantowski is a theoretical cosmologist, well known in the field of general relativity as the author, together with Rainer K. Sachs, of the Kantowski–Sachs dust solutions to the Einstein field equation. These are a widely used family of inhomogeneous cosmological models.

text:
# Ronald Kantowski

**Ronald Kantowski** (18 December 1939) is a theoretical cosmologist, well known in the field of general relativity as the author, together with Rainer K. Sachs, of the Kantowski–Sachs dust solutions to the Einstein field equation. These are a widely used family of inhomogeneous cosmological models.

## Life and career

Kantowski received his Ph.D. in 1966 from the University of Texas at Austin, where he wrote a dissertation on cosmological models. He was a research scientist at the South West Center for Advanced Studies during 1967–1968. He was hired by the Physics & Astronomy department of the University of Oklahoma in 1968, where he became a full professor in 1981.

Besides the Kantowski–Sachs solutions to the Einstein's field equations, Kantowski's second widely recognized contribution to cosmology was developing the now used theory of transparent gravitational lenses. This theory was completed some four years before multiply imaged quasars were detected. There were only four papers written in all at that time. Kantowski was also among the first to study the distance-redshift relation in inhomogeneous Universe using Swiss cheese universe models.

His recent research has centered on issues of mass inhomogeneities and topological quantum field theories.

## Bibliography

* Kantowski, R. & Sachs, R. K. (1966). "Some spatially inhomogeneous dust models". *Journal of Mathematical Physics*. **7** (3): 443. Bibcode:1966JMP.....7..443K. doi:10.1063/1.1704952.
* Kantowski, R. (1969). "Corrections in the Luminosity-Redshift Relations of the Homogeneous Friedmann Models". *The Astrophysical Journal*. **155**: 89. Bibcode:1969ApJ...155...89K. doi:10.1086/149851.
* Bourassa, R. R.; Kantowski, R. & Norton, T. D. (1973). "The Spheroidal Gravitational Lens". *The Astrophysical Journal*. **185**: 74. Bibcode:1973ApJ...185..747B. doi:10.1086/152452.
* Cooke, James H.; Kantowski, R. (1975). "Time Delay for Multiply Imaged Quasars". *The Astrophysical Journal*. **195**: 11. Bibcode:1975ApJ...195L..11C. doi:10.1086/181697.
* Bourassa, R. R.; Kantowski, R. (1975). "The Theory of Transparent Gravitational Lenses". *The Astrophysical Journal*. **195**: 13. Bibcode:1975ApJ...195...13B. doi:10.1086/153300.
* Kantowski, R.; Vaughan, T.; Branch, D. (1995). "The Effects of Inhomogeneities on Evaluating the Deceleration Parameter Q 0". *The Astrophysical Journal*. **447**: 35–42. arXiv:astro-ph/9511108. Bibcode:1995ApJ...447...35K. doi:10.1086/175854. S2CID 11392758.
* Kantowski, R; Chen, B; Dai, X (2010). "Gravitational Lensing Corrections in Flat ΛCDM Cosmology". *The Astrophysical Journal*. **718** (2): 913–919. arXiv:0909.3308. Bibcode:2010ApJ...718..913K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/718/2/913. S2CID 6837577.


title: Potu (film)

abstract: Potu is a 2024 Bengali language Bangladeshi crime thriller film. It was directed by Ahmed Humayun and is the first film directed by the director. It was produced and distributed by Jaaz Multimedia. Evan Sair, Afra Shaiara and Shoaib Monir play the lead roles. Evan Sair and Afra Shaiara made their film debut through this film.

text:
# Potu (film)

***Potu*** is a 2024 Bengali language Bangladeshi crime thriller film. It was directed by Ahmed Humayun and is the first film directed by the director. It was produced and distributed by Jaaz Multimedia. Evan Sair, Afra Shaiara and Shoaib Monir play the lead roles. Evan Sair and Afra Shaiara made their film debut through this film.

## Cast

* Evan Sair
* Afra Shaiar
* Shoaib Monir
* Dilruba Doyel - Jamila
* Ariful Rony
* Bacchu Dewan
* Galib Sardar
* Bulton Nil
* Akash Bin Osama
* Shahriar Fozdar
* Tarek Mahmud Joy
* Galib
* Keya
* Manik

## Music

The song was sung by Kolkata's Lagnajita Chakraborty, Bangladesh's Islam Palakar along with the film's director and music director Ahmed Humayun himself.

## Production

The music director Ahmed Humayun made his debut as a director by directing this film. The story of the film and the shooting are all around Rajshahi, the northern city of Bangladesh. It received uncut clearance from the censor board on 3 April 2024.

## Release

The first look of the film was released on 9 February 2024. The film was scheduled to release on 11 April 2024 on the occasion of Eid, but it was delayed and released in 6 theaters on 10 May 2024.

## InfoBox

| Potu | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Ahmed Humayun |
| Produced by | Jaaz Multimedia |
| Starring | * Evan Sair * Afra Shaiara * Shoaib Monir |
| Cinematography | Sani Khan |
| Edited by | Zahir Monon |
| Music by | Ahmed Humayun |
| Production<br>company | Jaaz Multimedia |
| Distributed by | Jaaz Multimedia |
| Release date | * 10 May 2024 (2024-05-10) |
| Country | Bangladesh |
| Language | Bengali |


title: Song Yue

abstract: Song Yue is a Chinese footballer currently playing as a centre-back or left-back for Shenzhen Peng City.

text:
# Song Yue

**Song Yue** (Chinese: 宋岳; born 20 November 1991) is a Chinese footballer currently playing as a centre-back or left-back for Shenzhen Peng City.

## Club career

Song Yue played for the Jiangsu Suning youth team. Instead of immediately continuing with his football career, he continued his studies at Hohai University while still playing in the Chinese University Football League. He also represented China in the 2015 Summer Universiade tournament. While he completed his studies he played for amateur football club Suzhou Dongwu. They quickly went up the leagues and became a professional team once they won the Chinese Football Association Member Association Champions League (CMCL) division in 2015. After a season of professional football, he returned to Hohai University, which had signed a cooperation deal with Nanjing Shaye to utilize their football squad and participate within the CMCL.

Song returned to professional football with a move to third tier football club Nantong Zhiyun and gained promotion with the club at the end of the 2018 China League Two campaign. The next year, he played a vital role in ensuring the club remained in the division and on 30 July 2020, Song transferred to top tier football club Tianjin TEDA for the start of the 2020 Chinese Super League campaign for a reported fee of 2 million Yuan. He made his debut on 6 August 2020 in a league game against Beijing Sinobo Guoan F.C. that ended in a 3-1 defeat.

## Career statistics

*As of 1 January 2023.*

| Club | Season | League | | | Cup | | Continental | | Other | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Suzhou Dongwu | 2014 |  | | | 1 | 0 |  | |  | | 1 | 0 |
| | 2015 | CMCL |  | | 0 | 0 |  | |  | | 0 | 0 |
| | 2016 | China League Two | 16 | 0 | 2 | 0 |  | |  | | 18 | 0 |
| | Total | | 16 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 0 |
| Nanjing Shaye | 2017 | CMCL |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |
| Nantong Zhiyun | 2018 | China League Two | 29 | 5 | 3 | 0 |  | |  | | 32 | 5 |
| | 2019 | China League One | 28 | 0 | 1 | 0 |  | |  | | 29 | 0 |
| | Total | | 57 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 61 | 5 |
| Tianjin TEDA | 2020 | Chinese Super League | 15 | 2 | 4 | 0 |  | |  | | 19 | 2 |
| | 2021 | Chinese Super League | 11 | 0 | 2 | 0 |  | |  | | 13 | 0 |
| | 2022 | Chinese Super League | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | |  | | 24 | 0 |
| | Total | | 50 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | 2 |
| Career total | | | 123 | 7 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 136 | 7 |

## Club honour

Suzhou Dongwu F.C. were champions of the 2015 Chinese Football Association Member Association Champions League.

1. "我想进国足！"镇江"学霸型后卫"宋岳加盟中超球队天津泰达" (in Chinese). sohu.com. 3 August 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
2. "FIRST ROUND - GROUP D - MATCH 3" (PDF) (in Chinese). gwangju2015.com. 2 July 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
3. "全国业余足球联赛苏州东吴夺冠-国内足球-足球" (in Chinese). huxiangzx.com. 22 November 2015. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
4. "苗原：28岁研究生宋岳圆梦中超，加盟天津泰达" (in Chinese). sohu.com. 27 July 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
5. "China 2018 \> China League Two". *RSSSF* (in Chinese). 8 October 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
6. "泰达官方宣布南通支云队长加盟 28岁宋岳司职后卫" (in Chinese). sohu.com. 30 July 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
7. "TIANJIN JINMEN TIGER VS. BEIJING GUOAN 1 - 3". soccerway.com. 6 August 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
8. Song Yue at Soccerway. Retrieved 6 August 2020.

## InfoBox

Song Yue
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1991-11-20) 20 November 1991 | | |
| Place of birth | Zhenjiang, Jiangsu | | |
| Height | 1.84 m (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Centre-back, Left-back | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Shenzhen Peng City | | |
| Number | 5 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2006–2010 | Jiangsu Suning | | |
| 2010–2017 | Hohai University | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2014–2016 | Suzhou Dongwu | 14 | (0) |
| 2017 | Nanjing Shaye | - | (-) |
| 2018–2020 | Nantong Zhiyun | 57 | (5) |
| 2020–2022 | Tianjin TEDA | 50 | (2) |
| 2023– | Shenzhen Peng City | 0 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 14:47, 1 January 2023 (UTC) | | | |


title: St Mary's Church, Edstaston

abstract: St Mary's Church is in the village of Edstaston, in the civil parish of Wem Rural, Shropshire, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Wem and Whitchurch, the archdeaconry of Salop, and the diocese of Lichfield. Its benefice is united with those of St Chad, Prees, Holy Emmanuel, Fauls, Christ Church, Tilstock, and St Mary, Whixall. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building. It is described as "one of the most complete Romanesque buildings in Shropshire".

text:
# St Mary's Church, Edstaston

**St Mary's Church** is in the village of Edstaston, in the civil parish of Wem Rural, Shropshire, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Wem and Whitchurch, the archdeaconry of Salop, and the diocese of Lichfield. Its benefice is united with those of St Chad, Prees, Holy Emmanuel, Fauls, Christ Church, Tilstock, and St Mary, Whixall. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building. It is described as "one of the most complete Romanesque buildings in Shropshire".

## History

St Mary's originated in the late 12th century as a chapel of ease, and later became a parish church. The east wall was largely rebuilt in about 1300. The south porch dates from 1710. The west end was shortened and rebuilt in about 1723. Roof timbers in the nave are dated 1723. The church was restored by G. H. Birch in 1882–83. The bellcote and vestry date from the 19th century.

## Architecture

### Exterior

The church is constructed in red and yellow sandstone with a tiled roof. The plan consists of a nave and chancel in one cell, a south porch, a northeast vestry, and a bellcote on the west gable. The church has retained many Norman features, including three doorways. The south doorway is the most elaborate, with four orders of shafts and leaf capitals. It is decorated with chevrons and crenellation. The north doorway is simpler, with a single shaft. Its decoration includes crocus blossom, leaf scroll and geometrical motifs. Both of the doors in these doorways date from the late 12th century, and they have retained their original ironwork. The priest's doorway in the chancel has one order of shafts, with dog-tooth decoration and geometrical motifs. In the north wall of the church are two Norman windows.

Around the church, at the level of the eaves, is a Norman corbel table with trefoil arches. Also around the church, at the level of the sills, is an intermittent string course. Features from later periods include the five-light east window, a three-light window on the south of the chancel and, around the church, large three-light Perpendicular windows that cut through the Norman features.

### Interior

In the north wall of the nave is a large Norman recess. In the east wall of the chancel is a 14th-century aumbry and piscina. The tub font dates from the 12th century. The pulpit is simple, and in Jacobean style. Otherwise the fittings and furniture are from the 19th century. Above the west window is the coat of arms of George III dated 1806. On the walls of the nave and chancel are traces of medieval and post-medieval paintings. One of the windows in the south wall of the nave contains fragments of 15th-century stained glass; the rest of the glass dates from the 19th century. There is a plaque to Lieutenant Franklin Knight Kirby, 93rd Highlanders, who died of typhus during the Crimean War, and another in stone to Major Frederick Raymond Clegg-Hill, killed in World War II. The two-manual pipe organ was built by J  J. Binns, and was restored in 1975.

The porch the south records the name of Thomas Hill of Soulton as churchwarden.

## External features

In the churchyard are two memorials, both listed at Grade II. The Payne Memorial is to the south of the church. It is a sandstone table tomb dating from about 1750. Its plain top is supported by six fluted columns standing on a rectangular base. It has a brass plate inscribed with skull-and-cross bones, a sickle and a pick. The Mullner Memorial, to the north of the church, is a sandstone pedestal tomb dating from about 1817. It has a moulded plinth with plain pilasters, and a stepped top carrying a fluted urn-shape finial. The parish war memorial, an elegant stone cross with slate plaques listing 13 men who died in the World Wars and bearing a verse from Francis Pott's hymn, *The strife is o'er the battle done*, is in the churchyard.

## InfoBox

| St Mary's Church, Edstaston | |
| --- | --- |
| St Mary's Church, Edstaston in 2024 | |
| St Mary's Church, EdstastonLocation in Shropshire | |
| 52°53′00″N 2°43′05″W / 52.8832°N 2.7181°W / 52.8832; -2.7181 | |
| OS grid reference | SJ 518 320 |
| Location | Edstaston, Shropshire |
| Country | England |
| Denomination | Anglican |
| Website | St Mary, Edstaston |
| History | |
| Status | Parish church |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Active |
| Heritage designation | Grade I |
| Designated | 28 October 1960 |
| Architect(s) | G. H. Birch (restoration) |
| Architectural type | Church |
| Style | Norman, Gothic |
| Specifications | |
| Materials | Sandstone, tiled roof |
| Administration | |
| Province | Canterbury |
| Diocese | Lichfield |
| Archdeaconry | Salop |
| Deanery | Wem and Whitchurch |
| Parish | Edstaston |
| Clergy | |
| Vicar(s) | Revd Daphne Hollings |


title: Frank H. Threatt

abstract:
Frank H. Threatt was a Methodist minister, politician, and public office holder in Alabama. He served in the Alabama legislature from 1872 to 1874 representing Marengo County
and was a congressional candidate from the First District in 1892. He also held appointed office. He was a delegate to the 1874 Alabama Equal Rights Convention. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1876. He campaigned for a congressional seat in 1880. Oscar W. Adams Jr. was his great-grandson. He lived in Demopolis.

text:
# Frank H. Threatt

**Frank H. Threatt** (died October 8, 1931) was a Methodist minister, politician, and public office holder in Alabama. He served in the Alabama legislature from 1872 to 1874 representing Marengo County and was a congressional candidate from the First District in 1892 . He also held appointed office.

He was a delegate to the 1874 Alabama Equal Rights Convention. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1876.

He campaigned for a congressional seat in 1880. Oscar W. Adams Jr. was his great-grandson.

He lived in Demopolis.


title: Ronald Kapaz

abstract: Ronald Kapaz is a Brazilian graphic designer and brand strategy consultant.

text:
# Ronald Kapaz

**Ronald Kapaz** is a Brazilian graphic designer and brand strategy consultant.

## Life

Born in São Paulo on November 16, 1956, he has been actively working since 1979, and is recognized as one of the pioneers in graphic design, strategic thinking and branding as inseparable parts of the construction and expression of brands in Brazil.

Graduated in architecture from FAU/USP in 1979, he founded, together with André Poppovic and Giovanni Vannucchi, Oz Strategy+Design, which had a widely recognized role in the innovation, leadership and the creation of a unique Brazilian design culture. The company received several national and international awards throughout its 40 years of existence.

He was responsible, along with other professional colleagues, for the creation of the ADG (Association of Graphic Designers), having been director in some administrations, and of Abedesign, an entity that represents and promotes Brazilian design companies in Brazil and abroad.

He was a member of the CNIC - National Council for the Incentive to Culture of the Ministry of Culture as a full councilor for the area of visual arts between 2000 and 2006, in the evaluation of projects to be benefited by Law nº 8.313/91 (Law Federal Cultural Incentive - Rouanet Law).

He participates as a speaker and / or judge of several awards related to the subject of design, both nationally and internationally. He was a judge for the iF Design Award, one of the most renowned design awards in the world, at its 2014 edition in Hanover, Germany.

In 2019, together with Suzana Ivamoto, he founded Playground Lab Design, a strategic consulting company that designs brand transition processes.

## Works

* International Jury for The Nods, the Creativity Award, Scotland. 2018/2019/2020.
* Invited speaker for the international symposium AlmaBrands, Santiago, Chile. October 2018.
* Invited member to integrate the Advisory Board of Instituto Santo Tomás de Ensino, Santiago, Chile. August 2016
* He was a member of the Board of Notables of the Panamericana School of Arts and Design, São Paulo. From 2006 to 2016.
* Guest speaker for the Imagine 12 Seminar. Tallinn, Estonia. October 2015.
* Appointed Ambassador of Latin Design by UP-University Palermo, Argentina, and invited to join the body of Latin American Ambassadors – May 2015.
* Guest speaker for the celebration of the International Design Day, promoted by ico-D, giving lectures at the headquarters of DUOC - Catholic University of Chile - May 2015.
* Guest speaker at the Festival El Sol de Comunicação 2015, Bilbao, Spain – May/June 2015
* Guest speaker for the Marketers Congress, international event - Montevideo, Uruguay, 2012 and 2017.
* Studies philosophy and literature, aiming to deepen the humanist perspective, and (re)establish the bridge between aesthetics and ethics
* International Jury in the contest “The Universal Logo for Human Rights“, at the invitation of the Government of Germany, represented by its Consulate in São Paulo - Germany, September 2011.
* Participated, as ADG delegate, in the ICOGRADA International Conferences in 1997 - Montevideo, 1999 - Sydney, 2001 - Johannesburg, 2005 - São Paulo and 2010 - Vancouver.
* Guest speaker for the Design Currency Congress, at the international event - Vancouver Design Week, in Vancouver, Canada, organized by GDC and ICOGRADA, April 2010.
* Author of several articles on Strategy and Design published in national and international specialized magazines (Diseño Latino-América 2008, Icograda, Pequin Design School, among others).
* Professor at Fundação Getúlio Vargas - FGVPEC, the main business school in Brazil, in the postgraduate course in Branding - Brand Building between 2008 and 2018.
* Taught, as a guest professor, in the Branding MBA at Faculdades Integradas Rio Branco, 2007.
* Participated in the advisory board of Fundação Abrinq between 1990 and 2000.
* Works as an advisory board member at Instituto Jatobás since 2017.

## Selection of Awards and Recognitions

**IF COMMUNICATION DESIGN AWARDS**

* 2020 Branding - Athletico Paranaense
* 2015 Alana Institute | School Creatives - Visual Identity
* 2012 Penalty | Ginga typography
* 2012 Penalty Rebrand | Brand Identity
* 2007 Native Spa Line | O Boticário

**BDA AWARD**

* 2019 BRONZE | Branding | Athletico Paranaense
* 2018 SILVER | Ambience - Signaling System | SENAC
* 2018 SILVER | Setting Up Corporate Spaces | Porto Seguro
* 2018 SILVER | Lello Lab - Impact Design, Service Design | Lello
* 2018 SILVER | Packaging Design | Tônica Prata
* 2018 GOLD | Structural Design | Tônica Prata
* 2018 BRONZE | Impact Design, Graphic Design | Believe Earth
* 2018 BRONZE | Corporate Publications | Pinheiro Neto
* 2018 BRONZE | retail chain design | Natura
* 2018 BRONZE | Brand Design | ICON
* 2018 BRONZE | Brand Design | Hering Kids
* 2018 BRONZE | Brand Design | Editora MOL
* 2012 Penalty | Ginga typography

**RED DOT**

* 2019 GOLD | Branding - Athletico Paranaense - Communication (Brands & Communication Design)

**WOLDA**

* 2019 Bronze | Identity - Athletico Paranaense

**CANNES LIONS**

* 2013 Finalist (shortlist) | Branding Oz Strategy + Design

## InfoBox

| Ronald Kapaz | |
| --- | --- |
| Ronald in 2016 | |
| Born | (1956-11-16) November 16, 1956<br>São Paulo, Brazil |
| Alma mater | Universidade de São Paulo |
| Occupations | * Designer * Brand strategist |
| Years active | 1979–present |
| Children | 2 |


title: Bilambil, New South Wales

abstract: Bilambil is a town located in north-eastern New South Wales, Australia, in the Tweed Shire.

text:
# Bilambil, New South Wales

**Bilambil** is a town located in north-eastern New South Wales, Australia, in the Tweed Shire.

## Demographics

As of the 2011 census, the population of Bilambil was 559 people, 50.3% female and 49.7% male, with a median age of 43, 6 years above the Australian median.

78.5% of people living in Bilambil were born in Australia. The other top responses for country of birth were England (4.8%), New Zealand (3.8%), United States of America (0.9%), Scotland (0.7%), Netherlands (0.7%), and other countries (10.9%).

91.4% of people spoke only English at home, with Maltese (0.7%), Dutch (0.5%), Italian (0.5%), Greek (0.5%), and other languages (2.2%) also being reported.

## Sport and recreation

A number of well-known sporting teams represent the local area, including the Bilambil Jets, the rugby league club who play home games at Bilambil Sports Complex which is located in Bilambil Road Bilambil NSW. Bilambil Terranora soccer club play in Football Queensland South Coast competitions, despite being based in New South Wales.

## InfoBox

| Bilambil<br>New South Wales | |
| --- | --- |
| Bilambil | |
| Coordinates | 28°13′28″S 153°27′57″E / 28.22444°S 153.46583°E / -28.22444; 153.46583 |
| Population | 559 (2011 census) |
| Postcode(s) | 2486 |
| Time zone | AEST (UTC+10) |
| • Summer (DST) | AEDT (UTC+11) |
| Location |  |
| LGA(s) | Tweed Shire |
| State electorate(s) | Tweed |
| Federal division(s) | Richmond |


title: Robert Pritchard (lawyer)

abstract: Robert L. Pritchard is a Sydney-based lawyer active in the energy and resources sector. He is managing director of ResourcesLaw International and executive director of the Energy Policy Institute of Australia.

text:
# Robert Pritchard (lawyer)

**Robert L. Pritchard** (born 1941) is a Sydney-based lawyer active in the energy and resources sector. He is managing director of ResourcesLaw International and executive director of the Energy Policy Institute of Australia.

## Career

Pritchard is the managing director of consultancy ResourcesLaw International, chairman of SMR Nuclear Technology and executive director of the Energy Policy Institute of Australia. He also works as a consultant for the Australian legal firm, Piper Alderman and is chairman of the board of the St Baker Energy Innovation Fund. He is also a fellow of the Australian Institute of Energy.

Pritchard was founding Chairman of the Section on Energy and Resources Law of the International Bar Association and served on the Finance Committee of the World Energy Council for nine years.

Pritchard lectures Masters Program students on Global Energy and Resources Law at the University of Sydney. He has written and edited various publications about the resources and energy sector and the law, including *Economic Development, Foreign Investment and the Law* (1996).

He is a former member of the Advisory Committee of the CSIRO Energy Transformed Research Flagship.

### Nuclear industrial development

Pritchard is an advocate for the legalisation of nuclear power in Australia. He is chair of SMR Nuclear Technology, which intends to develop and deploy small modular reactors in Australia. He previously worked on the acquisition of the Australian Atomic Energy Commission's interest in the Ranger Uranium Project and the subsequent listing ofEnergy Resources of Australia Ltd on the Australian Securities Exchange.


title: Bifuhalol

abstract: Bifuhalol is a phlorotannin. The ethanol extract of the brown alga Sargassum ringgoldianum contains phlorotannins of the bifuhalol type, which shows an antioxidative activity.

text:
# Bifuhalol

**Bifuhalol** is a phlorotannin. The ethanol extract of the brown alga *Sargassum ringgoldianum* contains phlorotannins of the bifuhalol type, which shows an antioxidative activity.

## InfoBox

Bifuhalol
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name 5-(2,4,6-Trihydroxyphenoxy)benzene-1,2,3-triol | |
| Other names 5-(2,4,6-Trihydroxyphenoxy)-1,2,3-benzenetriol | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C12H10O7/c13-5-1-9(16)12(10(17)2-5)19-6-3-7(14)11(18)8(15)4-6/h1-4,13-18HKey: PYUFXOMNRPZYTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
| SMILES * C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)OC2=CC(=C(C(=C2)O)O)O)O)O | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C12H10O7 |
| Molar mass | 266.205 g·mol−1 |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Bifur 3

abstract: Bifur 3 is a 1945 French drama film directed by Maurice Cam and starring René Dary, Raymond Aimos and Martine Carol. Shooting first began on the film in 1939, but delays due to the Second World War and the Occupation of France meant it wasn't completed until after the Liberation. Many of the original cast and crew were replaced. It was shot at the Photosonor Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Robert Dumesnil. Bifur 3 was Martine Carol's acting debut.

text:
# Bifur 3

***Bifur 3*** is a 1945 French drama film directed by Maurice Cam and starring René Dary, Raymond Aimos and Martine Carol. Shooting first began on the film in 1939, but delays due to the Second World War and the Occupation of France meant it wasn't completed until after the Liberation. Many of the original cast and crew were replaced. It was shot at the Photosonor Studios in Paris. The film's sets were designed by the art director Robert Dumesnil.

*Bifur 3* was Martine Carol's acting debut.

## Synopsis

Two truck drivers pick up a woman as passenger on the road to Marseille, but are pursued by her husband.

## Cast

## Production

Shooting began in 1939, was interrupted in 1941; filming resumed in Paris in May 1944 and some scenes were shot on location in Marseille in August 1944.

The film's production was troubled for various reasons. On August 20, 1944, the actor Raymond Aimos, who had one of the main roles in the film, was killed during the Liberation of Paris. There was to film a few scenes that he should have appeared. The scenario was then slightly modified; the last scenes were shot in October and November 1944.

Martine Carol herself was a last minute substitute for an unknown actress who eventually declined the role; and Robert Le Vigan had fled to South America before filming was completed.

## Release

The film was released in France on August 29, 1945, almost exactly a year after Aimos' death. The total number of admissions in France was 1,274,116.

## Reception

*Le Nouveau Guide des films* states that "*Bifur 3* is not without its charms and gives an interesting account of the world of truckers."

1. Bertin-Maghit 1980, p. 43.
2. Rège p.166
3. *La Revue du cinéma, image et son* (in French). Ligue française de l'enseignement et de l'éducation permanente. 1972.
4. *Cahiers du cinéma* (in French). Editions de l'Etoile. 1967.
5. "Bifur 3 de Maurice Cam (1945) - Unifrance". *www.unifrance.org*. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
6. Rège, Philippe (2009-12-11). *Encyclopedia of French Film Directors* (in French). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6939-4.
7. Mucchielli, Hercule (2007). *Le cinéma d'Hercule Mucchielli: de 1923 à 1975* (in French). A. Piazzola. ISBN 978-2-915410-50-1.
8. Chardère, Bernard (2001). *Le cinéma de Jacques Prévert* (in French). Castor astral. ISBN 978-2-85920-390-0.
9. "Figaro : journal non politique". *gallica.bnf.fr*. 1939-08-12. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
10. "Libération de Paris, Raymond Caudrilliers (1891-1944), dit Aimos, acteur de cinéma, la veille de sa mort, rue de Rivoli, 1er et 4ème arrondissements, le 19 août 1944. | Paris Musées". *www.parismuseescollections.paris.fr*. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
11. "Aimos - Cinémathèque française". *cinema.encyclopedie.personnalites.bifi.fr*. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
12. Boterf, Hervé Le (1986-01-01). *Robert Le Vigan, le mal-aimé du cinéma: Suivi des confessions du comédien* (in French). FeniXX réédition numérique. ISBN 978-2-307-21751-0.
13. Lesueur, Daniel (2018-11-30). "Martine Carol (1920-1967)". *Culturesco* (in French). Retrieved 2023-10-25.
14. "BnF Catalogue général". *catalogue.bnf.fr* (in French). Retrieved 2023-10-26.
15. "Bifur 3 (1945) - JP Box-Office". *jpbox-office.com*. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
16. Tulard, Jean (2013-07-18). *Le Nouveau guide des films - Intégrale* (in French). Groupe Robert Laffont. ISBN 978-2-221-12486-4.

## Bibliography

* Bertin-Maghit, Jean Pierre (1980). *Le cinéma français sous Vichy: les films français de 1940 à 1944* \[*French cinema under Vichy: French films from 1940 to 1944*\]. Collection Ça/cinéma, 21 (in French). Paris: Revue du Cinéma : Albatros. OCLC 6689342.
* Rège, Philippe. *Encyclopedia of French Film Directors, Volume 1*. Scarecrow Press, 2009.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Bifur 3 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Maurice Cam |
| Written by | André-Paul Antoine
Louis Poterat |
| Produced by | Simon Barstoff
Jean-Pierre Frogerais |
| Starring | René Dary
Raymond Aimos
Martine Carol |
| Cinematography | René Gaveau
Jean Isnard |
| Edited by | Jeannette Berton |
| Music by | Henri Verdun |
| Production
company | Productions Sigma |
| Distributed by | Les Films Vog |
| Release date | * 29 August 1945 (1945-08-29) |
| Running time | 102 minutes |
| Country | France |
| Language | French |