title: Digest size

abstract: Digest size is a magazine size, smaller than a conventional or "journal size" magazine, but larger than a standard paperback book, approximately 14 cm × 21 cm. It is also a 13.65 cm × 21.27 cm and 14 cm × 19 cm format, similar to the size of a DVD case. These sizes evolved from the printing press operation end. Some printing presses refer to digest size as a "catalog size". The digest format was a convenient size for readers to tote around or to leave within easy hand-reach.

text:
# Digest size

**Digest size** is a magazine size, smaller than a conventional or "journal size" magazine, but larger than a standard paperback book, approximately 14 cm × 21 cm (5+12 by 8+14 inches). It is also a 13.65 cm × 21.27 cm (5+38 by 8+38 inches) and 14 cm × 19 cm (5+12 by 7+12 inches) format, similar to the size of a DVD case. These sizes evolved from the printing press operation end. Some printing presses refer to digest size as a "catalog size". The digest format was a convenient size for readers to tote around or to leave within easy hand-reach.

## Examples

The most famous digest-sized magazine is *Reader's Digest*, from which the size appears to have been named. *TV Guide* also used the format from its inception in 1953 until 2005. *Bird Watcher's Digest* was an international magazine that has retained the digest size from its creation in 1978 until it folded in 2021.

Digest size is less popular now than it once was. The Penny Publications crime fiction and science fiction magazines *Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine*, *Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine*, *Analog* and *Asimov's Science Fiction*, as well as many of their word-puzzle and now-folded horoscope magazines, switched to a format slightly taller than standard digest size. Other publications remaining in digest size are *Prevention*, *Guideposts Magazine* and some *Archie* comics digests.

*Children's Digest* was originally in digest size but switched long ago to a larger format as well, though keeping the word "Digest" in its name. *Writer's Digest* is another publication with the word in its name that is not actually produced at that size.

## Science fiction digests

From the 1950s the format was used by several science fiction magazines. Those still being published as of 2023 are:

Magazines that were published in digest format but are no longer being published include:

## Comics digests

From the late 1960s on, several comic book publishers put out "comics digests," consisting mostly if not entirely of reprinted material, usually about 6+12 in × 5 in (17 by 13 centimetres). Gold Key Comics produced three digest titles that lasted until the mid-1970s: *Golden Comics Digest*, *Mystery Comics Digest*, and *Walt Disney Comics Digest*. DC Comics produced several in the early 1980s (including *DC Special Blue Ribbon Digest* and *The Best of DC*), and Harvey Comics also published a few during the same time (including *Richie Rich Digest Magazine*). Archie Comics has published numerous comics digests since 1973, and in the 2000s Marvel Comics has produced a number of digests, primarily for reprint editions.

The manga graphic novel format is similar to digest size, although slightly narrower and generally thicker.

The A5 paper size used by many UK fanzines is slightly wider and taller than digest size.

In Italy, *Topolino*'s Disney comics title has been published in the format since 1949, inspired by *Reader's Digest* (which was also published by Arnoldo Mondadori Editore). Also Diabolik and the vast amount of so called fumetti neri for adults are commonly published in this format.

The format is widely used in comics published in Italy, France, Brazil, Mexico, Spain and more countries.


title: Todabhim Assembly constituency

abstract: Todabhim is one of the 200 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan state in India. It is part of Karauli district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes.

text:
# Todabhim Assembly constituency

**Todabhim** is one of the 200 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan state in India.

It is part of Karauli district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Year | Member | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | Kirodi Lal Meena |  | Independent |
| 2013 | Ghanshyam Mahar |  | Indian National Congress |
| 2018 | Prithviraj Meena | | |
| 2023 | Ghanshyam Mahar | | |
|

## Election results

### 2018

Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election, 2018: Todabhim
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **INC** | **Prithviraj Meena** |  |  |  |
|  | NOTA | None of the Above |  |  |  |
| Majority | | |  |  |  |
| Turnout | | |  |  |  |

26°55′N 76°49′E / 26.92°N 76.82°E / 26.92; 76.82

## InfoBox

| Todabhim | |
| --- | --- |
| Constituency No. 81 for the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly | |
| Constituency details | |
| Country | India |
| Region | North India |
| State | Rajasthan |
| District | Karauli |
| LS constituency | Karauli-Dholpur |
| Established | 1972 |
| Total electors | 281,647 |
| Reservation | ST |
| Member of Legislative Assembly | |
| 16th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly | |
| **Incumbent**  **Ghanshyam Mahar** | |
| Party | Indian National Congress |
| Elected year | 2023 |


title: Becoming Abigail

abstract: Becoming Abigail is a 2006 novella by Nigerian writer Chris Abani.

text:
# Becoming Abigail

***Becoming Abigail*** is a 2006 novella by Nigerian writer Chris Abani.

## Plot

*Becoming Abigail* shares the story of Abigail, a young Nigerian girl whose mother died at childbirth. Her father commits suicide after raising her up. She travels to London with Peter where she finds out that she is alone and that she does not exist.

## Reception and recognition

## InfoBox

Becoming Abigail
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Chris Abani |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Fiction |
| Publisher | Akashic Books |
| Publication date | 3 January 2006 |
| Publication place | Nigeria |
| Pages | 120 |
| ISBN | 978-1-936070-20-6 |
| Preceded by | *The Secret History of Las Vegas* |


title: Belek

abstract: Belek is a neighbourhood in the Serik district in Turkey's Antalya Province. As of 2022, it had a population of 9,102. Before the 2013 Turkish local government reorganization, it was a town (Belde). Belek is one of the centers of Turkey's tourism industry and is home to more than thirty four-star and five-star hotels and many other accommodation services and entertainment facilities. The town and the surrounding area are famous for their spas and mineral waters received from seven springs. Belek was awarded the Best Golf Region of the Year in Europe by the International Association of Golf Tour Operators (IAGTO) in 2008. In 2012 it hosted the Turkish Airlines World Golf Final and in 2013 it hosted the Turkish Airlines Open. Belek also hosts the Antalya Open, the only professional tennis tournament currently held in Turkey.

text:
# Belek

**Belek** is a neighbourhood in the Serik district in Turkey's Antalya Province. As of 2022, it had a population of 9,102. Before the 2013 Turkish local government reorganization, it was a town (*Belde*).

Belek is one of the centers of Turkey's tourism industry and is home to more than thirty four-star and five-star hotels and many other accommodation services and entertainment facilities.

The town and the surrounding area are famous for their spas and mineral waters received from seven springs.

Belek was awarded the Best Golf Region of the Year in Europe by the International Association of Golf Tour Operators (IAGTO) in 2008. In 2012 it hosted the Turkish Airlines World Golf Final and in 2013 it hosted the Turkish Airlines Open. Belek also hosts the Antalya Open, the only professional tennis tournament currently held in Turkey.

## Town

In the center of town, a mosque stands alongside statues and a waterfall leading to extensive shopping in the tree lined boulevards. This area is key to Turkey's overall tourism plans having already benefited from substantial investment by the Turkish Tourism Ministry. Turkey is beginning to rival the Algarve for the numbers of golfing tourists annually.

* Belek travel guide from Wikivoyage

## InfoBox

| Belek | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
|  | |
| BelekLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 36°51′N 31°03′E / 36.850°N 31.050°E / 36.850; 31.050 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Antalya |
| District | Serik |
| Population (2022) | 9,102 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Area code | 0242 |
| Website | http://www.serik.gov.tr/serik-turizm/ |


title: Richard Henke

abstract: Richard Henke was an Austrian chemist and inventor.

text:
# Richard Henke

**Richard Henke** (1 February 1900 in Korneuburg – October 1963, in Vienna) was an Austrian chemist and inventor.

## Life and Work

Richard Henke originally came from a wealthy family of silk manufacturers in the Kingdom of Saxony. The family belonged to the educated middle class and lived in a town villa in Korneuburg, which was destroyed in bombing raids during the Second World War.

Henke graduated from the Vienna University of Technology as a diplom-engineer and then as a Doktoringenieur. In the 1920s, various treatises on Molecule Relationship were co-authored with Georg Weissenberger and Fritz Schuster. These scientific papers were published in scientific journals such as *Journal of Applied Chemistry*, *Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie* and the *Chemisches Zentralblatt* published. His work has been published in the *Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences* in Vienna mathematics and science class.

Richard Henke was until his leave of absence about political reasons by the National Socialists Assistant Professor of Chemistry at the Technical University. In the late 1930s and 1940s he worked as a chemist at Wander AG in Vienna. He was able to pursue this employment despite his former Heimwehr activity even in the Nazi period. He was able to escape deportation to a concentration camp because of his high reputation as a chemical specialist. During his time at Wander, Henke also worked on the further development of the malt beverage Ovomaltine.

After World War II Richard Henke directed the Evening School for Chemistry at the Viennese highschool HTL Ottakring, HTL Schellinggasse. Thereafter, Henke worked at the Higher Federal Education and Research Institute for the Chemical Industry Vienna in the research areas "Chemistry and Chemical Technology". He was in charge of the operational laboratory at the departments of mechanical engineering and electrical engineering and was the administrator of the chemical-technical laboratory. Henke also developed a shoe polish, which did not go into production. In 1963, shortly before his death, he was appointed director of the Higher Federal Education and Research Institute for the Chemical Industry. This function, however, he could no longer compete due to a sudden heart attack that led to death. Richard Henke was buried in the family grave on Ober Sankt Veiter Friedhof.

## Family

Richard Henke married on September 15, 1957 at Ober St. Veit to Adele Havlicek (1912-1992 in Vienna Hietzing).

Progeny (selection):

## Awards

## Puplications and Works (selection)

* 1958: *Kunststoffe stellen sich vor*, Gesellschaft für Natur und Technik, in Universum: Natur und Technik, Band 13, S. 332–335.
* 1956: *Stoffe aus Aschantinüssen*, Gesellschaft für Natur und Technik, in Universum: Natur und Technik, Band 11, ab S. 344.
* *Über arithmetische Zahlenfolgen höherer Ordnung*.
* 1926: *Zur Kenntnis binärer Flüssigkeitsgemische. Einige neue Konstanten 115, 75.* In: Journal für praktische Chemie (1939)
* with Fanny Kawenoki: *Systeme mit Nitrobenzol u. Oxynitrobenzolen 113, 171.* In: Journal für praktische Chemie (1939)
* with Fritz Schuster: *Betrachtungen über den Dampfdruck 113, 180.* In: Journal für praktische Chemie (1939)
* with Georg Weissenberger and Fritz Schuster (1926): *Zur Kenntnis organischer Molekülverbindungen. XVIII. Wege zur Berechnung des Molbruche.* In: Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, Volume 152, Issue 1, Seiten 325–332
* with Georg Weissenberger and Fritz Schuster (1925): *Über die Molekülverbindungen der Phenole. VIII. Die Lokalisierung des Restvalenzkraftfeldes.* – Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 134\_2b: 47–56.
* with Georg Weissenberger and Fritz Schuster (1925): *Zur Kenntnis organischer Molekülverbindungen. IX. Die Gruppe – CCl3.* – Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 134\_2b: 57–60.
* with Georg Weissenberger and Lazar Bregmann (1925): *Zur Kenntnis organischer Molekülverbindungen. XVI. Zweiwertige Phenole und ihre Äther.* – Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 134\_2b: 471–482.
* with Georg Weissenberger and Eugen Sperling (1925): *Zur Kenntnis organischer Molekülverbindungen. XVII. Das Verhalten des Dekahydronaphthalins.* – Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 134\_2b: 483–497
* with Georg Weissenberger and Stanislaus Baumgarten (1925): *Über die Adsorption an Kohle aus zähflüssigen Medien.* – Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 134\_2b: 679–700
* with Georg Weißenberger and Lazar Bregmann (1925): *Zur Kenntnis organischer Molekülverbindungen.* In: Monatshefte für Chemie/Chemical Monthly 01/1925; 46(7):471–482.
* with Georg Weissenberger and F. Sperlin (1925): *Neue Wege der Gaswaschung V. Studien mit Hilfe von Beladungskurven.* In: Angewandte Chemie 01/1925; 38(51):1161–1164
* with Georg Weissenberger and Fanny Kawenoki: *Zur Kenntnis Binärer Flüssigkeitsgemische. XXII. Systeme mit Nitrobenzol und den Oxynitrobenzolen.*
* with Georg Weissenberger and Hedwig Katschinka (1924): *Zur Kenntnis binärer Flüssigkeitsgemische XX. Systeme mit substituierten Hydronaphthalinen.* In: Die Fortschritte in der organischen Chemie seit dem Jahre, von Erich Lehmann
* with Georg Weissenberger: *Zur Kenntnis binärer Flüssigkeitsgemische. XXI. Systeme mit Buttersäure*

1. Richard *Author: Henke, Richard: Search* at: *wiley.com*, accessed on June 24, 2018
2. *Chemisches Zentralblatt* (in German). Akademie-Verlag. 1927.
3. www.zobodat.at/publikation\_series
4. Johannes Koll: "Säuberungen" an österreichischen Hochschulen 1934–1945 Voraussetzungen, Prozesse, Folgen. Böhlau Verlag, Wien 2017, ISBN 978-3-205-20336-0, p 250–251
5. The Technical University in Vienna 1914-1955. Part 2: National Socialism - War - Reconstruction (1938-1955)
6. Richard Henke at Austria Forum
7. According to the archive of Henkes family Mrs Adele Havlicek (1912–1992), Mrs Johanna Gach (1936-2015) and Ing Gertraud Staufer (\*1940), Vienna
8. Bietak, Wilhelm (1955). *Festschrift, Bundesgewerbeschule in Wien I, 1880-1955* (in German). Bundesgewerbeschule.
9. *Österreichische Ingenieur-Zeitschrift* (in German). Springer-Verlag. 1963.

## InfoBox

| Richard Henke | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1900
Korneuburg |
| Died | 1963
Vienna |
| Alma mater | Vienna University of Technology |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | chemie |
| Institutions | Assistant Professor of Chemistry at the Technical University, Wander AG Vienna, director of the Higher Federal Education and Research Institute for the Chemical Industry Vienna |
|  | |


title: Belvidere High School (Illinois)

abstract: Belvidere High School is located in at 1500 East Avenue, Belvidere, Illinois in Boone County.

text:
# Belvidere High School (Illinois)

**Belvidere High School** is located in at 1500 East Avenue, Belvidere, Illinois in Boone County.

## History

On the afternoon of April 21, 1967, an F4 tornado struck the school, killing 13 students and staff, tossing buses as students were being dismissed. The tornado was part of the 1967 Oak Lawn tornado outbreak. It was the sixth worse loss of life at an American school as a result of tornadoes, and the worst since 1955.

To mark the 40th anniversary of the tragedy, a memorial to the lives lost in the tornado was erected in front of Belvidere High School in 2007.

## Athletics

Belvidere competes in the Northern Illinois Conference (NIC-10), and is a member of the Illinois High School Association (IHSA). Teams are stylized as the Bucs (a shortening of *Buccaneers*).

BHS Sports: Football, Poms, Cheerleading, Basketball, Dance, Baseball, Tennis, Bowling, Track & Field, Soccer, Softball, Golf, Volleyball, Swimming, and Cross Country.

The school won back–to–back state championships in football in the autumns of 1993 and 1994.

Belvidere High School's current biggest rival is Belvidere North High School. Before that school was created, however, Rockford Boylan Central Catholic High School was their biggest sports rival.

The Bucs branding is also carried over to Belvidere South Middle School.

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

| Belvidere High School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 1500 East Avenue
Belvidere, Illinois 61008
United States | |
| Coordinates | 42°14′38″N 88°49′50″W / 42.2438°N 88.8306°W / 42.2438; -88.8306 |
| Information | |
| School type | Public Secondary |
| School district | Belvidere Community Unit School District 100 |
| Superintendent | Daniel Woestman 2016 = |
| Principal | Billy Lewis |
| Teaching staff | 84.50 (FTE) |
| Grades | 12 |
| Gender | Coed |
| Enrollment | 1,210 (2022-2023) |
| Average class size | 21.4 |
| Student to teacher ratio | 14.32 |
| Campus type | Urban |
| Color(s) | Purple
Gold |
| Slogan | It's the Year of the BUCS! |
| Song | Notre Dame Victory March |
| Athletics conference | Northern Illinois Conference (NIC-10) |
| Mascot | Buccaneer |
| Team name | Bucs |
| Newspaper | *The Buccaneer'* |
| Yearbook | *Belvi* |
| Website | Official School Website |


title: Belair Development

abstract: Belair Development is an historic site in Prince George's County, Maryland. It consists of 7 planned communities: Meadowbrook, Tulip Grove, Kenilworth, Somerset, Buckingham, Heather Hills and Foxhill built by Levitt & Sons in what is now Bowie, Maryland, constructed between 1957 and 1965. When constructed, Levitt refused to sell homes in the development to blacks while advocating that the United States government take steps to end racial discrimination in housing. The development takes its name from the Belair Mansion.

text:
# Belair Development

**Belair Development** is an historic site in Prince George's County, Maryland.

It consists of 7 planned communities: Meadowbrook, Tulip Grove, Kenilworth, Somerset, Buckingham, Heather Hills and Foxhill built by Levitt & Sons in what is now Bowie, Maryland, constructed between 1957 and 1965.

When constructed, Levitt refused to sell homes in the development to blacks while advocating that the United States government take steps to end racial discrimination in housing.

The development takes its name from the Belair Mansion.

38°57′45″N 76°44′2″W / 38.96250°N 76.73389°W / 38.96250; -76.73389


title: Bellaspira clarionensis

abstract: Bellaspira clarionensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae.

text:
# Bellaspira clarionensis

***Bellaspira clarionensis*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae.

## Description

The height of the shell attains 13.5 mm, its diameter 5.9 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean from Mexico to Panama.

## InfoBox

| *Bellaspira clarionensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Drilliidae |
| Genus: | *Bellaspira* |
| Species: | ***B. clarionensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Bellaspira clarionensis***<br>McLean & L. Poorman, 1970 | |
|


title: Bellaspira melea

abstract: Bellaspira melea is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae.

text:
# Bellaspira melea

***Bellaspira melea*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae.

## Description

The size of an adult shell varies between 12 mm and 20 mm.

(Original description) The stout shell has a rose pink color, with a whitish band in front of the suture. The blunt smooth protoconch contains about one whorl. The teleoconch contains the five subsequent whorls. The suture is appressed and obscure. The spiral sculpture is apparently absent. The axial sculpture shows (on the body whorl six) strong, stout, wavelike ribs, continuous up the spire, with wide interspaces, and practically vertical0 The surface appears to be smooth but as the specimen is slightly beach worn some minute sculpture may have disappeared. The suture is undulated by the ribs, there is no anal fasciole perceptible. The anal sulcus is narrow, short, with a subsutural callus in front of it. The outer lip is thin, sharp, with a marked varicose swelling behind it. There are no internal lirae. The inner lip is callous. The smooth columella is very short, stout, and straight. The siphonal canal is hardly differentiated from the aperture but deeply cut.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean off Panama.

## InfoBox

| *Bellaspira melea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Original image of a shell of *Bellaspira melea* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Drilliidae |
| Genus: | *Bellaspira* |
| Species: | ***B. melea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Bellaspira melea***<br>Dall, 1919 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Cymatosyrinx melea* Dall, 1919 | |


title: Bembidion bimaculatum

abstract: Bembidion bimaculatum is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Bembidion bimaculatum

***Bembidion bimaculatum*** is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2017). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 1: Archostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-33029-0.

## InfoBox

| *Bembidion bimaculatum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Bembidion* |
| Species: | ***B. bimaculatum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Bembidion bimaculatum***<br>(Kirby, 1837) | |
|


title: Bembidion breve

abstract: Bembidion breve is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Bembidion breve

***Bembidion breve*** is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2017). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 1: Archostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-33029-0.

## InfoBox

| *Bembidion breve* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Bembidion* |
| Species: | ***B. breve*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Bembidion breve***<br>(Motschulsky, 1845) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Bembidion incertum*  Motschulsky, 1845 * *Bembidion testatum*  Casey, 1918 | |


abstract: The Belgian Office for Intellectual Property is a Belgian government office to manage patent filing and rights. OPRI is based in Brussels, and is part of the Federal Public Service Economy. OPRI coordinates with the European Patent Office and helps offer the Benelux Patent Platform. Inventors choose whether to have their patent cover Belgium or internationally. As of April 1, 2018, however, OPRI no longer receives patent applications under the global Patent Cooperation Treaty.

text:
# Belgian Office for Intellectual Property

The **Belgian Office for Intellectual Property** (in French: ***Office de la Propriété intellectuelle*** or ***OPRI***; in Dutch: ***Belgische Dienst voor de Intellectuele Eigendom***, or ***DIE***) is a Belgian government office to manage patent filing and rights. OPRI is based in Brussels, and is part of the Federal Public Service Economy.

OPRI coordinates with the European Patent Office and helps offer the Benelux Patent Platform. Inventors choose whether to have their patent cover Belgium or internationally. As of April 1, 2018, however, OPRI no longer receives patent applications under the global Patent Cooperation Treaty.

## History and archives

Historic Belgian patent information was published in semi-annual volumes of the *Recueil des Brevets d'Invention*. Many of the original patent documents are in the Belgian National Archives 2 - Joseph Cuvelier Repository.


title: Richmond Kickers Academy

abstract: The Richmond Kickers Academy is the official youth system of the Richmond Kickers, a professional soccer club based in Richmond, Virginia that compete in USL Pro. The Kickers Academy features two youth teams, a U-18 and U-16 side, who both compete in the U.S. Soccer Development Academy. The Academy also features a Pre-Academy, U-14 side, who also compete in the Academy leagues. The Academy was formally founded in 2008.

text:
# Richmond Kickers Academy

The **Richmond Kickers Academy** is the official youth system of the Richmond Kickers, a professional soccer club based in Richmond, Virginia that compete in USL Pro. The Kickers Academy features two youth teams, a U-18 and U-16 side, who both compete in the U.S. Soccer Development Academy. The Academy also features a Pre-Academy, U-14 side, who also compete in the Academy leagues.

The Academy was formally founded in 2008.

## The Academy

The Kickers Academy is a three-tiered academy featuring the main academy, which includes a U-18 and U-16 team, along with the pre-academy, which includes a U-14 team. The Academy was created in 2008, and succeed the original development team, which was the Richmond Kickers Future, a reserve side that played in the USL Premier Development League.

## Rosters

### Kickers U-18

### Kickers U-16

### Pre-Kickers U-14

Oliver

## Honors

## InfoBox

Richmond Kickers
| Full name | Richmond Kickers Academy |
| --- | --- |
| Nickname(s) | Kickers |
| Founded | 2008 |
| Ground | Ukrop Park
Richmond, Virginia |
| Owner | Rob Ukrop |
| Head Coach | Ihor Dotsenko |
| League | U.S. Soccer Development Academy |
| 2010–11 | Regular Season: 3rd,
South Conference: 8th,
Playoffs: DNQ |
| Website | Club website |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Richeville

abstract: Richeville is a commune in the Eure department in north western France.

text:
# Richeville

**Richeville** (French pronunciation: \[ʁiʃvil\]) is a commune in the Eure department in north western France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 161 |  |
| 1968 | 165 | +2.5% |
| 1975 | 145 | −12.1% |
| 1982 | 137 | −5.5% |
| 1990 | 215 | +56.9% |
| 1999 | 263 | +22.3% |
| 2008 | 277 | +5.3% |
| 2014 | 278 | +0.4% |
| 2020 | 267 | −4.0% |

## InfoBox

| Richeville | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Location of Richeville | |
| RichevilleRicheville | |
| Coordinates: 49°16′06″N 1°32′07″E / 49.2683°N 1.5353°E / 49.2683; 1.5353 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Normandy |
| Department | Eure |
| Arrondissement | Les Andelys |
| Canton | Gisors |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Roland Dubos |
| Area**1** | 3.92 km2 (1.51 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 266 |
| Density | 68/km2 (180/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 27490 /27420 |
| Elevation | 78–150 m (256–492 ft)
(avg. 147 m or 482 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Rides a Dread Legion

abstract: Rides a Dread Legion is a fantasy novel by American writer Raymond E. Feist. It is the first book in The Demonwar Saga and was published in 2009. It is followed by At the Gates of Darkness.

text:
# Rides a Dread Legion

***Rides a Dread Legion*** is a fantasy novel by American writer Raymond E. Feist. It is the first book in *The Demonwar Saga* and was published in 2009. It is followed by *At the Gates of Darkness*.

## Background

*Rides a Dread Legion* was first published in Australia and the United Kingdom at the beginning of March 2009. It was released in the United States at the end of March and in New Zealand in September 2009. It has also been translated into Dutch, Hungarian and Czech.

## Synopsis

Ten years after the cataclysmic events of *Wrath of a Mad God*, Midkemia now faces a new danger thought buried in myth and antiquity.

A lost race of elves, the taredhel or 'people of the stars', have found a way across the universe to reach Midkemia. On their current home world, these elves are hard pressed by a ravaging demon horde, and what was once a huge empire has been reduced to a handful of survivors. The cornerstone of taredhel lore is the tale of their lost origins in the world they call simply 'Home', a place lost in the mists of time. Now they are convinced that Midkemia is that place, and they are coming to reclaim it. Ruthless and arrogant, the taredhel intend to let nothing stand in their way; but before long, Pug and the Conclave realise that it's not necessarily the elves, but the demon horde pursuing them where the true danger lies. And hanging over Pug always is the prophecy that he will be doomed to watch everyone he loves die before him.

## Reception

*The Independent Weekly* stated that "despite the driving force of the book being a basic survival engine, there is enough brio to allow the reader to be entertained."

## InfoBox

Rides a Dread Legion
| The first edition cover from the United Kingdom and Australia where the book was first published. Artwork is by Dominic Forbes. | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Raymond E. Feist |
| Cover artist | Dominic Forbes |
| Language | English |
| Series | *Demonwar Saga* |
| Genre | Fantasy |
| Publisher | HarperVoyager |
| Publication date | March 5, 2009 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (hardback & paperback) |
| Pages | 366 (first edition) |
| ISBN | 978-0-00-726468-1 |
| Preceded by | *Wrath of a Mad God* |
| Followed by | *At the Gates of Darkness* |


title: Rides (British TV series)

abstract:
Rides is a British television series produced by the BBC between 1992 and 1993. It lasted two series of six episodes each and was made by Warner Sisters, a UK-based television production company based in Ealing. The series revolved around an all-female taxi firm. The series starred Jill Baker as Patrice Jenner, a former Royal Corps of Transport warrant officer who starts up an all-women taxi firm. The first series dealt with the establishment of the business and the recruitment of a team of drivers - Scarlett, Janet, Sue-Lyn, Aileen, Aggie and George. The second series explored more personal storylines involving the women, such as Patrice's relationship with her teenage daughter Beki. The first series also starred Jesse Birdsall as Julian, Patrice's love interest, however in series two Julian was played by a different actor, James Purefoy. George was a motorbike-riding, leather-clad lesbian who was dating Sacha, played by Charlotte Avery. They lived in a squat and befriended Patrice's daughter Beki - causing much concern to Patrice. George, Frankie and Sacha were the motorcyclists who made up the 'dispatch' part of the firm.
Scarlett was a transgender woman.

text:
# Rides (British TV series)

***Rides*** is a British television series produced by the BBC between 1992 and 1993. It lasted two series of six episodes each and was made by Warner Sisters, a UK-based television production company based in Ealing. The series revolved around an all-female taxi firm.

The series starred Jill Baker as Patrice Jenner, a former Royal Corps of Transport warrant officer who starts up an all-women taxi firm. The first series dealt with the establishment of the business and the recruitment of a team of drivers - Scarlett (Caroline Blakiston), Janet (Louise Jameson), Sue-Lyn (Katharine Schlesinger), Aileen (Lynda Steadman), Aggie (Nimmy March) and George (Nicola Cowper). The second series explored more personal storylines involving the women, such as Patrice's relationship with her teenage daughter Beki (Lucy Speed). The first series also starred Jesse Birdsall as Julian, Patrice's love interest, however in series two Julian was played by a different actor, James Purefoy.

George was a motorbike-riding, leather-clad lesbian who was dating Sacha, played by Charlotte Avery. They lived in a squat and befriended Patrice's daughter Beki - causing much concern to Patrice. George, Frankie and Sacha were the motorcyclists who made up the 'dispatch' part of the firm. Scarlett (Caroline Blakiston) was a transgender woman.

## InfoBox

| *Rides* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Drama |
| Written by | Carole Hayman |
| Starring | Jill Baker
Louise Jameson
Caroline Blakiston
Katharine Schlesinger
Lynda Steadman
Lucy Speed |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Original language | English |
| No. of series | 2 |
| No. of episodes | 12 |
| Production | |
| Producer | Lavinia Warner |
| Production company | Warner Sisters |
| Original release | |
| Network | BBC One |
| Release | 18 February 1992 (1992-02-18)
18 June 1993 (1993-06-18) |


abstract: Belmont is a closed railway station on the Belmont railway line in New South Wales, Australia. The station opened in 1917 and closed on 2 January 1971.

text:
# Belmont railway station, New South Wales

**Belmont** is a closed railway station on the Belmont railway line in New South Wales, Australia. The station opened in 1917 and closed on 2 January 1971.

## InfoBox

| Belmont | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | New South Wales, Australia |
| Coordinates | 33°02′21″S 151°39′42″E / 33.0391°S 151.6618°E / -33.0391; 151.6618 |
| Line(s) | Belmont |
| History | |
| Opened | 2 January 1917 |
| Closed | 9 April 1971 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Richmond Farm Correctional Centre

abstract: Richmond Farm Prison is a prison in Jamaica that houses up to 235 first offenders serving long-term sentences. It once incorporated a large banana farm, which was later destroyed. As of 2006, an attempt was under way to regenerate the farm with crops including bananas, corn, calaloo, string beans and cucumber. Its most famous former ex inmate was Bunny Wailer who spent 14 months there in 1967/8. Other sources indicate Toots Hibbert served a year of an 18-month sentence there in 1966–7. It is operated by the Department of Correctional Services for the Ministry of National Security.

text:
# Richmond Farm Correctional Centre

**Richmond Farm Prison** is a prison in Jamaica that houses up to 235 first offenders serving long-term sentences. It once incorporated a large banana farm, which was later destroyed. As of 2006, an attempt was under way to regenerate the farm with crops including bananas, corn, calaloo, string beans and cucumber.

Its most famous former ex inmate was Bunny Wailer who spent 14 months there in 1967/8. Other sources indicate Toots Hibbert served a year of an 18-month sentence there in 1966–7.

It is operated by the Department of Correctional Services for the Ministry of National Security.

1. Comparison of daily averages\* over a 10 year period (1997-2006) by institution and sex Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, Department Of Correctional Services, 2007.
2. COSPROD Preparing Inmates to Lead Productive Lives, Ingrid Brown, JIS, 2006-01-23.
3. Bunny Wailer Biography.

## InfoBox

Richmond Farm Correctional Centre
| Richmond Farm Correctional Centre | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Richmond, St Mary, Jamaica |
| Coordinates | 18°13′59″N 76°53′12″W / 18.2330606°N 76.8866372°W / 18.2330606; -76.8866372 |
| Status | Operational |
| Security class | Medium security |
| Capacity | 235 |
| Managed by | Operated by the Department of Correctional Services for the Ministry of National Security |


title: Richmond Field

abstract: Richmond Field is a privately owned, public use airport. It is located two nautical miles (4 km) southeast of the central business district of Gregory, a city in Livingston County, Michigan, United States. The airport is home to multiple gliding clubs.

text:
# Richmond Field

**Richmond Field** (FAA LID: **69G**) is a privately owned, public use airport. It is located two nautical miles (4 km) southeast of the central business district of Gregory, a city in Livingston County, Michigan, United States.

The airport is home to multiple gliding clubs.

## Facilities and aircraft

Richmond Field covers an area of 145 acres (59 ha) at an elevation of 921 feet (281 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 18/36 with a turf surface measuring 2,471 by 100 feet (753 x 30 m).

There is no fixed-base operator at the airport. In 1994, a local gliding club purchased additional land at the airport in order to make facility upgrades themselves.

Presently, Sandhill Soaring Club, a Michigan nonprofit corporation and Chapter of the Soaring Society of America, operates a fleet of gliders and tow-planes at Richmond Field that range from primary trainers (gliders) to single-place 18-Meter and two-seat 20-Meter racing sailplanes. The gliding club conducts both aerotow and ground launch operations at Richmond Field, and provides training in both launch methods. The Club's members, including its tow-pilots and FAA Certified Flight Instructors (CFI-G), volunteer their time and services for free. Visitors may purchase discovery flights in a glider to see what gliding (otherwise known as Soaring), is like and to determine whether they would like to take flying lessons to become a certificated glider pilot themselves. The club has a vibrant Juniors program that supports youth involvement in soaring. This has led to several members obtaining their ATP ratings and pursuing professional careers in aviation as Airline Pilots or Corporate Jet Pilots, while others have pursued careers in Aerospace engineering or gained admission to the USAF Academy.

For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2021, the airport had 6,552 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 18 per day. At that time there were 36 aircraft based at this airport: 32 gliders and 4 single-engine airplanes.

## Accidents and incidents

* In June 2006, a Beechcraft Bonanza crashed while attempting a diversion to Richmond Field due to engine power loss. The probable cause of the accident was found to be the non-mechanical loss of engine power for undetermined reasons during cruise flight and the unsuitable terrain the pilot selected for the forced landing.
* On December 14, 2006, a Schleicher AS-K13 contacted trees while on final approach to land. The pilot reported that when he entered the traffic pattern he noticed the wind sock was shifting and the glider was losing altitude at a rate that was faster than the previous flight. He stated that because of this, he turned onto base leg sooner than normal. He reported, "Upon turning there was an immediate sense of an inability to penetrate thru the airmass as the glider continued to lose altitude." He stated he lowered the nose of the glider in an attempt to gain airspeed and flew an abbreviated base leg, heading straight for the runway. The pilot reported he then noted a shift in the wind and the glider descended into the 75 foot tall trees northeast of the approach end of the runway. The probable cause was found to be the pilot's unexpected encounter with wind shear and his inability to remain clear of the trees while on final approach to land.
* On May 10, 2008, a Schleicher AS-K13 was involved in an accident after takeoff from Richmond Field. The glider became airborne from the towplane and was consistently flying higher than it needed to be. After releasing from the towline, the glider resumed a level pitch attitude and began to decelerate. The pilot selected full nose down trim, in response to his limited pitch control. The glider continued to decelerate and subsequently landed hard on the turf runway. The main landing gear and aft fuselage tubular support structure was substantially damaged during the hard landing. Both wingtips were damaged and there were several fabric tears on the left wing and fuselage. After exiting the glider, the pilot found his handheld communication radio on the cockpit floor. The pilot said that during takeoff the radio must have fell off his seat onto the cockpit floor, restricting the movement of the control stick. The probable cause was found to be the pilot's failure to adequately secure his handheld radio prior to takeoff, which resulted in a restriction of the flight control stick and loss of control. Following this incident, the Operator of the aircraft implemented new policies requiring the wing-runner to go through a pre-takeoff checklist of their own (before hooking up the glider), that includes having the Pilot In Command and any passengers check to make sure "all loose items are stowed and secure." This would include any portable radios, cell phones, cameras, etc. This would become a best practice adopted by other gliding clubs.

* On July 29, 2012, an experimental Smith Applebay Zuni II glider sustained substantial damage when it impacted trees and terrain while in the traffic pattern at the Richmond Field Airport. The pilot had just departed the airport and was unable to find the necessary lift to complete the flight, and even after he joined the downwind leg to land at the airport, he still could not find the needed lift. A witness located at the airport reported that he observed the glider on the downwind leg. He reported that the glider's altitude was low, about 125 to 150 feet agl, and it was in close to the airport and flying "somewhat slowly." The glider seemed to slow down even more as it began to turn to the base leg. The glider's left wing stalled, and the glider pitched down nearly vertically. It completed about 1/2 spin before it disappeared behind the trees about 2,000 feet away. The probable cause was found to be the glider pilot's failure to maintain sufficient altitude and airspeed while turning to the base leg of the traffic pattern, which resulted in a stall/spin and impact with trees and terrain. Both stalls and spin training (recognition and prevention), are included in the curriculum taught to Student Glider Pilots as they pursue a Private Pilot Glider Certificate, the minimum rating required of glider pilots to take passengers for a ride. Commercial Pilots and FAA Certified Flight Instructors get further instruction in these areas too.

1. FAA Airport Form 5010 for 69G PDF. Federal Aviation Administration. effective November 15, 2012.
2. "Gliding Club | Michigan | Sandhill Soaring Club". *SandhillSoaringClub*. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
3. "A great soaring and flying society". *Adrian Soaring Club*. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
4. "AirNav: 69G - Richmond Field Airport". *www.airnav.com*. Retrieved 2023-03-06.
5. "Richmond Field Airport Overview and FBOs (Gregory, MI) \[69G\]". *FlightAware*. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
6. "Sandhill Soaring Club About Us". *www.sandhillsoaring.org*. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
7. "Facility Details: Richmond Field (69G)". *Federal Aviation Administration*. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
8. Garrison, Peter (2009-06-03). "On the Way to 69G". *FLYING Magazine*. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
9. "National Transportation Safety Board Aviation Accident Data Summary". National Transportation Safety Board. Retrieved 8 March 2023. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
10. "Schleicher AS-K13 crash in Michigan (N24BS) | PlaneCrashMap.com". *planecrashmap.com*. Retrieved 2023-03-06. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
11. "Smith Applebay Zuni Ii crash in Michigan (N1ZV) | PlaneCrashMap.com". *planecrashmap.com*. Retrieved 2023-03-06. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
12. "Loss of control Accident Applebay Zuni II N1ZV,". *Aviation Safety Network*. Flight Safety Foundation. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
13. "Smith Applebay Zuni II glider, N1ZV: Accident occurred July 29, 2012 in Gregory, Michigan". *Kathryn's Report*. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
14. "FAA Glider Flying Handbook". *Federal Aviation Administration*. Retrieved 2024-08-02.

## InfoBox

| Richmond Field | |
| --- | --- |
| View from Doyle Road | |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public use |
| Owner | James Barnes |
| Serves | Gregory, Michigan |
| Time zone | UTC−05:00 (-5) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−04:00 (-4) |
| Elevation AMSL | 921 ft / 281 m |
| Coordinates | 42°26′30″N 084°03′59″W / 42.44167°N 84.06639°W / 42.44167; -84.06639 |
| Map | |
| **69G**Location of airport in Michigan | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  18/36 2,471 753 Turf | |
| Statistics (2021) | |
| Aircraft operations 6,552  Based aircraft 36 | |
| Source: Federal Aviation Administration | |


title: Belva Ann Lockwood

abstract: Belva Ann Bennett Lockwood was an American lawyer, politician, educator, and author who was active in the women's rights and women's suffrage movements. She was one of the first women lawyers in the United States, and in 1879 she became the first woman to be admitted to practice law before the U.S. Supreme Court. Lockwood ran for president in 1884 and 1888 on the ticket of the National Equal Rights Party and was the first woman to appear on official ballots. While Victoria Woodhull is commonly cited as the first woman to run for president, she was not old enough to be elected, unlike Lockwood. Lockwood overcame many social and personal obstacles related to gender restrictions. Earlier in her life, Lockwood was a teacher and school principal, working to equalize pay for women in education. She supported the movement for world peace, and was a proponent of the temperance movement.

text:
# Belva Ann Lockwood

**Belva Ann Bennett Lockwood** (October 24, 1830 – May 19, 1917) was an American lawyer, politician, educator, and author who was active in the women's rights and women's suffrage movements. She was one of the first women lawyers in the United States, and in 1879 she became the first woman to be admitted to practice law before the U.S. Supreme Court. Lockwood ran for president in 1884 and 1888 on the ticket of the National Equal Rights Party and was the first woman to appear on official ballots. While Victoria Woodhull is commonly cited as the first woman to run for president, she was not old enough to be elected, unlike Lockwood.

Lockwood overcame many social and personal obstacles related to gender restrictions. Earlier in her life, Lockwood was a teacher and school principal, working to equalize pay for women in education. She supported the movement for world peace, and was a proponent of the temperance movement.

## Early and Personal Life

Belva Ann Bennett was born in Royalton, New York, daughter of Lewis Johnson Bennett, a farmer, and his wife Hannah Green. Her aunt's house where she spent some of her childhood still stands at 5070 Griswold Street. In front of this house is a memorial to her with a plaque that gives a brief biography of her life. By 14, she was teaching at the local elementary school. In 1848, when she was 18, she married Uriah McNall, a local farmer.

McNall died of tuberculosis in 1853, three years after their daughter Lura was born.

## Education

Lockwood realized she needed a better education to support herself and her daughter. She attended Genesee Wesleyan Seminary to prepare for study at college. Her plan, as she explained to *Lippincott's Monthly Magazine*, was not well received by many of her friends and colleagues; most women did not seek higher education, and it was especially unusual for a widow to do so. She persuaded the administration at Genesee College to admit her.

It was during her studies at Genesee College that Lockwood first became attracted to the law, although the school had no law department. Since a local law professor was offering private classes, she became one of his students. It made her want to learn more.

## Early career

Lockwood graduated with honors in 1857 and soon became the headmistress of Lockport Union School. It was a responsible position, but Lockwood found that whether she was teaching or working as an administrator, she was paid half of what her male counterparts were making.

For the next few years, Lockwood continued to teach and also work as the principal at several local schools for young women. She stayed at Lockport until 1861, then became principal of the Gainesville Female Seminary. In 1863, Belva bought The Owego Female Seminary, where she was Principal before leaving to pursue her political career. This building was dismantled and moved, before being renovated in 2019 as the Belva Lockwood Inn in Owego, NY. Lockwood's educational philosophy was gradually changing, particularly after she met women's rights activist Susan B. Anthony. Lockwood agreed with many of Anthony's ideas about society's restrictions on women. Anthony was concerned about the limited education girls received. Courses at most girls' schools chiefly prepared female students for domestic life and possibly for temporary work as teachers. Anthony spoke about how young women ought to be given more options, including preparation for careers in the business world, where the pay was better. Lockwood was encouraged to make changes at her schools. She expanded the curriculum and added courses typical of those which young men took, such as public speaking, botany, and gymnastics.

Lockwood gradually determined to study law rather than continue teaching, and to leave upstate New York.

In February 1866, Belva and her daughter Lura moved to Washington, D.C., as Belva believed it was the center of power in the United States and would provide good opportunities to advance in the legal profession. She opened a coeducational private school while exploring the study of law. In the mid-1860s, coeducation was unusual; most schools were separated by gender.

## Second marriage

In 1868, Belva remarried, this time to a man much older than she. Reverend Ezekiel Lockwood, an American Civil War veteran, was a Baptist minister and practicing dentist. They had a daughter Jessie (who died before her second birthday). Lockwood supported his wife's desire for legal study as well as encouraged her to pursue subjects that interested her. She earned a Master of Arts from Syracuse University in 1871. Not only did Rev. Lockwood have progressive ideas about women's roles in society, he helped raise Belva's daughter Lura, from her first marriage. Ezekiel Lockwood died in late April 1877. In July 1879 Lockwood's daughter Lura McNall married DeForest Orme, a pharmacist.

According to Lockwood's later account to the *Chicago Tribune,* about 1870 she applied to the Columbian Law School in the District of Columbia. The trustees refused to admit her, fearing she would distract the male students. She and several other women were finally admitted to the new National University School of Law (now the George Washington University Law School). Although she completed her coursework in May 1873, the law school refused to grant her a diploma because of her gender.

Without a diploma, Lockwood could not gain admittance to the District of Columbia Bar. After a year, she wrote a letter to the President of the United States, Ulysses S. Grant, appealing to him as president *ex officio* of the National University Law School. She asked him for justice, stating she had passed all her courses and deserved to be awarded a diploma. In September 1873, within a week of having sent the letter, Lockwood received her Bachelor of Laws. She was 43 years old.

## Law practice

The District of Columbia Bar admitted her, although several judges told Lockwood they had no confidence in her, a reaction she repeatedly had to overcome. When she tried to gain admission to the Maryland Bar, a judge lectured her and told her that God Himself had determined that women were not equal to men and never could be. When she tried to respond on her own behalf, he said she had no right to speak and had her removed from the courtroom. She also applied to the Court of Claims to represent veterans and their families, but was denied. She applied to the United States Supreme Court bar after having practiced for the minimum three years and secured Albert G. Riddle as sponsor, but her motion was also denied on gender grounds.

Lockwood thus struggled against both social practice and the limited legal standing accorded women. Under English Common Law, Lockwood was considered a "feme covert" (English version of medieval Anglo-Norman legal term), that is, a married woman. Her status under the law differed from that of an unmarried woman, as a wife was considered strictly subordinate to her husband. Even in 1873, many states refused to allow a married woman to individually own or inherit property, nor did she have the right to make contracts or keep money earned unless her husband gave his permission.

Nonetheless, Lockwood began to build a practice and won some cases. Even her detractors acknowledged her competence. She became known as an advocate for women's issues; she spoke on behalf of an 1872 bill for equal pay for federal government employees. Lockwood also remained active in several women's suffrage organizations, and testified before Congress in support of legislation to give married women and widows more legal protection.

Because her practice was limited in the 1870s due to social discrimination, Lockwood drafted an anti-discrimination bill to have the same access to the bar as male colleagues. From 1874 to 1879, she lobbied Congress to pass it. In 1879, Congress finally passed the law, which President Rutherford B. Hayes signed into law. It allowed all qualified women attorneys to practice in any federal court. Lockwood was then sworn in as the first woman member of the U.S. Supreme Court bar on March 3, 1879.

Late in 1880, Lockwood became the first female lawyer to argue a case before the U.S. Supreme Court, arguing *Kaiser v. Stickney.* In 1906, Lockwood represented the Cherokee Nation in *United States v. Cherokee Nation*. She was successful in ensuring the payment of the five million dollar suit, one of the largest made to that date to a Native American tribe for land ceded to the government. She also represented hundreds of family members of Civil War veterans in their pension claims. Lockwood later sponsored Samuel R. Lowery to the Supreme Court bar, making him the fifth black attorney to be admitted, and ultimately the first to argue a case before the court.

Lockwood had a 43-year career as a lawyer.

## Campaign for President

Belva Lockwood was the first woman (or second, depending on one's opinion, after Victoria Woodhull) to run for President of the United States. Lockwood ran as the candidate of the National Equal Rights Party. She ran in the presidential elections of 1884 and 1888. Her running mate was Marietta Stow in 1884. In 1888 she originally ran with Alfred H. Love, except when he was nominated he wasn't informed of it. When he found out, as the president of the Universal Peace Union and a lifelong world peace activist, he was horrified to run as vice president to the commander in chief, and dropped out of the race. Lockwood was in a scramble with no vice president, so, in the end, she chose Charles Stuart Weld, son of progressives Theodore Dwight Weld and Angelina Grimké.

Representing a third party without a broad base of support, Lockwood did not have a serious chance of winning the presidency. A letter she sent to Linda Slaughter provided some insights into her campaign. She wrote: "I intend if possible to get up an Electoral ticket for each State; and thus get up a grand agitation on the woman question, but am not so anxious about the number of votes polled". *Notable American Women* stated she received about 4,100 votes. Since women could not vote, and most newspapers were opposed to her candidacy, it was unusual that she received any votes. In an 1884 article, the *Atlanta Constitution* referred to her as "old lady Lockwood" and warned male readers of the dangers of "petticoat rule".

On January 12, 1885, Lockwood petitioned the United States Congress to have her votes counted. She told newspapers and magazines that she had evidence of voter fraud. She asserted that supporters had seen their ballots ripped up and that she had "received one-half the electoral vote of Oregon, and a large vote in Pennsylvania, but the votes in the latter state were not counted, simply dumped into the waste basket as false votes".

## Later years

Lockwood was a well-respected writer, who frequently wrote essays about women's suffrage and the need for legal equality for women. Among the publications in which she appeared in the 1880s and 1890s were *Cosmopolitan* (then a journal of current issues), the *American Magazine of Civics*, *Harper's Weekly*, and *Lippincott's*. In addition to being active in the National American Woman Suffrage Association and the Equal Rights Party, Lockwood served as president of the Woman's National Press Association. The organization for women journalists also advocated for equal rights for women. Her other feminist activities included being appointed Attorney General of the American Woman's Republic, an organization founded by Marietta Stowe and dedicated to preparing women for the rights and responsibilities of full citizenship.

Lockwood believed strongly in working for world peace. She co-edited a journal called *The Peacemaker*, and acted as an executive board member of the Universal Peace Union; she was one of its representatives at an exposition held in Paris in 1889. She wrote tracts on international arbitration and was one of the nominating members of the Nobel Peace Prize Committee. She was also a delegate to an International Peace Congress in London in 1890. She continued to speak on behalf of peace and disarmament to the year of her death. She was likely disappointed as the United States prepared to enter the war in Europe.

Belva Lockwood died on May 19, 1917, and was buried in Congressional Cemetery in Washington, D.C.

## Legacy

Syracuse University awarded Lockwood an honorary Doctor of Laws in 1908.

The communities of Belva, West Virginia; Lockwood, Monterey County, California; Lockwood, West Virginia; and the hamlet of Lockwood, New York, were named in her honor. As Lockwood gained renown, mothers named their daughters after her.

At least three figureheads were carved in her likeness: for the ships *Martha*, *Julia Lawrence*, and an unnamed ship that has a full-length masthead. One of the figureheads is displayed in the museum at Mystic Seaport in Mystic, Connecticut. "With raised chin she gazes straight ahead as if her attention were fixed on the distant horizon".

During World War II, a merchant marine ship, the Liberty Ship USS *Belva Lockwood*, was named after her.

The National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C., has a portrait of Lockwood by Nellie Mathes Horne. It was painted in 1908, when she received an honorary doctorate in law from Syracuse University.

In 1983, Lockwood was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in Seneca Falls, New York. The statement about her noted:

> Using her knowledge of the law, she worked to secure woman suffrage, property law reforms, equal pay for equal work, and world peace. Thriving on publicity and partisanship and encouraging other women to pursue legal careers, Lockwood helped to open the legal profession to women.

In 1986, she was honored by the United States Postal Service with a 17¢ Great Americans series postage stamp.

In 2016, she was honored by the Green Bag with a bobblehead doll.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Belva Lockwood | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Belva Ann Bennett
(1830-10-24)October 24, 1830
Royalton, New York, U.S. |
| Died | May 19, 1917(1917-05-19) (aged 86)
Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Education | Genesee Wesleyan Seminary
Genesee College (BA)
Syracuse University (MA)
National University (LLB) |
| Occupation(s) | attorney, politician, presidential candidate, activist |
| Political party | National Equal Rights |
| Spouses | *   Uriah McNall (m. 18481853) *   Ezekiel Lockwood  (m. 18681877) |


title: Richmond Golf Club (California)

abstract: The Richmond Golf Club is a private social gathering place and sports facility for golf in the Hilltop District of Richmond, California, United States.

text:
# Richmond Golf Club (California)

37°59′21″N 122°20′56″W / 37.9890894°N 122.3488599°W / 37.9890894; -122.3488599

The **Richmond Golf Club** (formerly known as Richmond Country Club) is a private social gathering place and sports facility for golf in the Hilltop District of Richmond, California, United States.

## History

The land was originally inhabited by the Ohlone people; Spanish conquistadores colonized the land in the 1840s and developed the Rancho San Pablo.

The Richmond Golf Club began formerly known as the Carquinez Golf Club, established in 1924. The club began to struggle during the deep recession. Which was a semi-private club meaning if you weren’t a member a round of golf could be played for 5 cents.

Its manager and head professional, Ed Sawyer, has been found dead of a self-inflicted gunshot wound. Ed poured his own money into the Carquinez CC until he ran out of cash. There were less than 40 members at that time. The course had been redesigned to the present configuration in the early 1930s, but was in poor condition and still lacked the necessary water for proper irrigation.

The few existing members reached out to Pat Markovich who was well known on the West Coast as an excellent golfer and a member of the PGA.

There was a small Board of Directors, but Pat Markovich ran the Carquinez CC. The club was not an immediate success. The country club was eventually rebranded as the "Richmond Golf Club" in the early 1930s.

The golf club has views towards the Golden Gate Bridge, Bay Bridge and Mount Tamalpais.

The club is a former four-time PGA Tour stop and the first in the United States to invite African Americans to participate in professional tournaments. They joined the likes of Ben Hogan, Byron Nelson and Sam Snead who won the 1945 Richmond Open with a 72-hole winning score of 283.

In the early 1950s Richmond Golf Club hosted the LPGA Tour with the best players of the decade. Babe Didrikson Zaharias won the first Richmond Ladies Open with a score of 224 after three rounds. Patty Berg won the second Women's Open in 1952, shooting 8-under par from the men’s tees and set a women’s course record that stands to this day.

In April 1953, Pat Markovich and several other investors from Richmond bought the Maxwell estate located on the Silverado Trail in Napa to form the Silverado Country Club.

The ranch was subdivided into 140 parcels and the area around the present-day country club was formed into the Nitro Powder Company which changed hands to the Giant Powder Company (also formerly known as Giant). In 1964 it was again sold to Bethlehem Steel. A portion of the steel site was sold to create an expanded Richmond Country Club in 1974.

The club covers thousands of acres in the northern Hilltop neighborhood between Hilltop Mall and Point Pinole and is adjacent to Parchester Village to the west, near its entrance along Atlas road and the Richmond Parkway. It is served by AC Transit's routes 71, 376, and LA/LC. It is on more than 50 acres (20.23 ha) and has been around since before 1900. Since 1991 the club has hosted a charity tournament for disadvantaged students of Salesian College Preparatory (formerly Salesian High School).

In 2018, Pat Markovich was inducted into the Northern California PGA Hall of Fame section.

In late 2023, the golf course was rebranded back as the Richmond Golf Club.

## InfoBox

Richmond Golf Club
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Club information | |
| Location | Richmond, California |
| Established | 1924 (as Carquinez Golf Club) |
| Type | Private |
| Total holes | 18 |
| Website | Richmond Golf Club |
|  | |
| Designed by | Pat J. Markovich |
| Par | 72 |
| Length | 6,549 yards |
| Course rating | 71.9 |
| Slope rating | 127 |
|  | |


# Richtersveld Local Municipality elections

The Richtersveld Local Municipality council consists of eleven members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Six councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in six wards, while the remaining five are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 1 November 2021 the African National Congress (ANC) won a majority of six seats.

## Results

The following table shows the composition of the council after past elections.

| Event | ANC | DA | Other | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 election | 5 | 3 |  | **8** |
| 2006 election | 5 | 1 | 2 | **8** |
| 2011 election | 5 | 3 | 0 | **8** |
| 2016 election | 4 | 3 | 0 | **7** |
| 2021 election | 6 | 3 | 2 | **11** |
|

## December 2000 election

The following table shows the results of the 2000 election.

| Party | | Ward | | | List | | | Total
seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats ||
|  | African National Congress | 1,935 | 67.21 | 4 | 1,969 | 68.13 | 1 | 5 |
|  | Democratic Alliance | 944 | 32.79 | 0 | 921 | 31.87 | 3 | 3 |
| Total | | 2,879 | 100.00 | 4 | 2,890 | 100.00 | 4 | 8 |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 2,879 | 97.30 |  | 2,890 | 97.80 |  |  |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 80 | 2.70 |  | 65 | 2.20 |  |  |
| Total votes | | 2,959 | 100.00 |  | 2,955 | 100.00 |  |  |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 6,131 | 48.26 |  | 6,131 | 48.20 |  |  |

## March 2006 election

The following table shows the results of the 2006 election.

| Party | | Ward | | | List | | | Total
seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats ||
|  | African National Congress | 2,078 | 62.68 | 4 | 2,095 | 62.99 | 1 | 5 |
|  | Independent Democrats | 546 | 16.47 | 0 | 601 | 18.07 | 2 | 2 |
|  | Democratic Alliance | 528 | 15.93 | 0 | 523 | 15.72 | 1 | 1 |
|  | African Christian Democratic Party | 89 | 2.68 | 0 | 107 | 3.22 | 0 | 0 |
|  | Independent candidates | 74 | 2.23 | 0 |  | | | 0 |
| Total | | 3,315 | 100.00 | 4 | 3,326 | 100.00 | 4 | 8 |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 3,315 | 98.11 |  | 3,326 | 98.43 |  |  |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 64 | 1.89 |  | 53 | 1.57 |  |  |
| Total votes | | 3,379 | 100.00 |  | 3,379 | 100.00 |  |  |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 6,929 | 48.77 |  | 6,929 | 48.77 |  |  |

## May 2011 election

The following table shows the results of the 2011 election.

| Party | | Ward | | | List | | | Total
seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats ||
|  | African National Congress | 2,552 | 57.62 | 4 | 2,666 | 60.10 | 1 | 5 |
|  | Democratic Alliance | 1,331 | 30.05 | 0 | 1,464 | 33.00 | 3 | 3 |
|  | Congress of the People | 293 | 6.62 | 0 | 306 | 6.90 | 0 | 0 |
|  | Independent candidates | 253 | 5.71 | 0 |  | | | 0 |
| Total | | 4,429 | 100.00 | 4 | 4,436 | 100.00 | 4 | 8 |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 4,429 | 98.93 |  | 4,436 | 98.93 |  |  |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 48 | 1.07 |  | 48 | 1.07 |  |  |
| Total votes | | 4,477 | 100.00 |  | 4,484 | 100.00 |  |  |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 7,096 | 63.09 |  | 7,096 | 63.19 |  |  |

## August 2016 election

The following table shows the results of the 2016 election.

| Party | | Ward | | | List | | | Total
seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats ||
|  | African National Congress | 2,297 | 52.51 | 2 | 2,317 | 52.90 | 2 | 4 |
|  | Democratic Alliance | 2,030 | 46.41 | 2 | 2,021 | 46.14 | 1 | 3 |
|  | Economic Freedom Fighters | 47 | 1.07 | 0 | 42 | 0.96 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | | 4,374 | 100.00 | 4 | 4,380 | 100.00 | 3 | 7 |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 4,374 | 98.85 |  | 4,380 | 98.94 |  |  |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 51 | 1.15 |  | 47 | 1.06 |  |  |
| Total votes | | 4,425 | 100.00 |  | 4,427 | 100.00 |  |  |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 7,374 | 60.01 |  | 7,374 | 60.04 |  |  |

## November 2021 election

The following table shows the results of the 2021 election.

| Party | | Ward | | | List | | | Total
seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats ||
|  | African National Congress | 2,066 | 46.54 | 6 | 2,116 | 48.05 | 0 | 6 |
|  | Democratic Alliance | 1,129 | 25.43 | 0 | 1,379 | 31.31 | 3 | 3 |
|  | Economic Freedom Fighters | 324 | 7.30 | 0 | 329 | 7.47 | 1 | 1 |
|  | Independent candidates | 522 | 11.76 | 0 |  | | | 0 |
|  | National Economic Fighters | 143 | 3.22 | 0 | 293 | 6.65 | 1 | 1 |
|  | Namakwa Civic Movement | 147 | 3.31 | 0 | 193 | 4.38 | 0 | 0 |
|  | Freedom Front Plus | 108 | 2.43 | 0 | 94 | 2.13 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | | 4,439 | 100.00 | 6 | 4,404 | 100.00 | 5 | 11 |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 4,439 | 98.97 |  | 4,404 | 99.28 |  |  |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 46 | 1.03 |  | 32 | 0.72 |  |  |
| Total votes | | 4,485 | 100.00 |  | 4,436 | 100.00 |  |  |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 7,420 | 60.44 |  | 7,420 | 59.78 |  |  |


title: Benali Boudghène

abstract:
Benali Dghine Boudghene, commonly known as Colonel Lotfi, was born on 5 May 1934 in Tlemcen in Algeria.
Benali was an Algerian leader in the Algerian War, organising the Wilaya V from 1958 to 1960.
He first worked as a Political leader with the National Liberation Front then moved to fighting in battlefield; he was killed in Béchar by French troops in 1960

text:
# Benali Boudghène

**Benali Dghine Boudghene** (Arabic: بن علي دغين بودغن; May 5, 1934 – March 27, 1960), commonly known as **Colonel Lotfi**, was born on 5 May 1934 in Tlemcen in Algeria. Benali was an Algerian leader in the Algerian War, organising the Wilaya V from 1958 to 1960. He first worked as a Political leader with the National Liberation Front then moved to fighting in battlefield; he was killed in Béchar by French troops in 1960

## Biography

He was born on May 7, 1934, in Tlemcen in western Algeria.

## Joining the Liberation Front

He joined the National Liberation Front at an early age, and he could handle all the responsibilities as a young member very well and had a good reputation among other members until he decided to move to fight in the battlefield.

## Death

Colonel Lotfi died in battle against French troops on March 27, 1960, two years before independence in a mountain in eastern Béchar.

## Legacy

He is considered a national hero in Algeria. The airport of Béchar, Boudghene Ben Ali Lotfi Airport was named after him. A movie was produced with the name of "Lotfi" narrating his story and struggle against French rule in Algeria. In Oran one of the biggest streets in the city has his name; a high school there is named after him.

## InfoBox

| Colonel Lotfi
Dghine Benali | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Native name | بن علي دغين بودغن |
| Other name(s) | Colonel Lotfi , Si Brahim |
| Nickname(s) | Colonel Lotfi |
| Born | (1934-05-05)May 5, 1934
Tlemcen, French Algeria
(present-day Algeria) |
| Died | March 27, 1960(1960-03-27) (aged 25)
Béchar, French Algeria |
| Buried | El Alia Cemetery |
| Years of service | 1954–1960 |
| Rank | Colonel |
| Battles/wars | Algerian War |


title: Benalla P-12 College

abstract: Benalla P–12 College is a state college located in the regional town of Benalla which is located on the Hume Highway in central Victoria, Australia, on the Melbourne to Sydney Highway, 180 km north-north-east of Melbourne. It was one of the first high schools established in Victoria by the government.

text:
# Benalla P-12 College

**Benalla P–12 College** is a state college located in the regional town of Benalla which is located on the Hume Highway in central Victoria, Australia, on the Melbourne to Sydney Highway, 180 km north-north-east of Melbourne. It was one of the first high schools established in Victoria by the government.

## About the school

Benalla P–12 College has three campuses: the Faithfull Campus, Waller Campus and Avon Campus. The Faithfull campus houses the students from Years 5-12 and is located on the site of the former Benalla Technical College. The main office and administration activities occur on the Faithfull campus. In 2019, the Weary Dunlop Education Centre opened on the Faithfull campus to students in years 10-12. This saw the closure of the old Dunlop campus.

## History

The Dunlop Campus was founded in 1912 as Benalla High School. In 1994 it amalgamated with the Benalla Secondary College to form Benalla College.

## Notable alumni

* Wilfred Arthur Baird (known as Arthur) – the foundation engineer for Qantas
* Sir Edward "Weary" Dunlop – an Australian surgeon who was renowned for his leadership whilst being held prisoner by the Japanese during World War II.
* Ella Hooper \- musician
* Mark Soyer \- paralympic skier
* Hector Waller DSO and Bar – Captain of HMAS Perth during World War Two. Mentioned in Dispatches. Died during the sinking of HMAS Perth, 1942 during the Battle of the Sunda Strait.

## Further reading

Watt, Bruce. 1987. "A history of Benalla High School, 1912-1987." Benalla High School, Benalla. ISBN 0-7316-2419-X

36°32′55″S 145°59′28″E / 36.54861°S 145.99111°E / -36.54861; 145.99111

## InfoBox

| Benalla P–12 College | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Benalla, Victoria<br>Australia | |
| Information | |
| School type | Public, co-educational, primary/secondary day school |
| Motto | Together We Achieve |
| Established | 1912 |
| Principal | Kylie Cotter |
| Grades | P–12 |
| Colour(s) | Dark blue, light blue and white |
| Website | www.benallap12.vic.edu.au/ |


title: Bembidion debiliceps

abstract: Bembidion debiliceps is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in British Columbia, Canada and in both Oregon and Washington states.

text:
# Bembidion debiliceps

***Bembidion debiliceps*** is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in British Columbia, Canada and in both Oregon and Washington states.

* Bousquet, Yves, and André Larochelle (1993). "Catalogue of the Geadephaga (Coleoptera: Trachypachidae, Rhysodidae, Carabidae including Cicindelini) of America North of Mexico". *Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, no. 167*, 397.

## Further reading

* Arnett, R.H. Jr., and M. C. Thomas. (eds.). (2000). *American Beetles, Volume I: Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia*. CRC Press
* Arnett, Ross H. (2000). *American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico*. CRC Press.
* Richard E. White. (1983). *Peterson Field Guides: Beetles*. Houghton Mifflin Company.

## InfoBox

| *Bembidion debiliceps* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Bembidion* |
| Species: | ***B. debiliceps*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Bembidion debiliceps***<br>Casey, 1918 | |
|


title: Bembidion farrarae

abstract: Bembidion farrarae is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Bembidion farrarae

***Bembidion farrarae*** is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2017). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 1: Archostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-33029-0.

## InfoBox

| *Bembidion farrarae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Bembidion* |
| Species: | ***B. farrarae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Bembidion farrarae***<br>Hatch, 1950 | |
|


title: Right Here (Justin Bieber song)

abstract: "Right Here" is a song recorded by Canadian singer-songwriter Justin Bieber featuring Canadian rapper Drake, released on February 5, 2013 as the fourth single from the former's third studio album Believe (2012). It was written by the artists alongside Eric Bellinger, and producer Hit-Boy. A lyric video was posted onto Bieber's YouTube channel in February 2013, and he performed the song live as part of his worldwide Believe Tour in 2012-13.

text:
# Right Here (Justin Bieber song)

"**Right Here**" is a song recorded by Canadian singer-songwriter Justin Bieber featuring Canadian rapper Drake, released on February 5, 2013 as the fourth single from the former's third studio album *Believe* (2012). It was written by the artists alongside Eric Bellinger, and producer Hit-Boy. A lyric video was posted onto Bieber's YouTube channel in February 2013, and he performed the song live as part of his worldwide Believe Tour in 2012-13.

## Background

Bieber and Drake had been friends for several years prior to collaborating on "Right Here", with Drake appearing in the music video for Baby in 2010, And the two performing together at the Indianapolis State Fair in the same year. A collaboration between the two Canadian artists was first teased in September 2010 when they both attended the MTV VMAs together, and in an interview Bieber teased his next studio album, saying "Drake is gonna be on that album", and Drake backing that up with "we'll make it happen".

The collaboration finally came about two years later in 2012, with Bieber revealing the track on Capital FM on April 24 of that year. He said "The song's called 'Right Here' and it's a smash! It just rides so smoothly, It's me and Drake, so it's good."

Bieber's manager Scooter Braun stating "The Drake thing is something he and Drake have been talking about for like two years," Braun said. "And then they finally went into the studio, and they wrote that song together. ... I'm glad that 'Right Here' came about. ... Drake was like, 'I don't want to do just a rap song. I want to sing with you, do a song for the ladies.' Everyone seems to love that song."

One of the track's songwriters, Eric Bellinger, mentioned that during the recording process Bieber had requested for a table to be moved into the booth, right underneath the microphone. Bieber then used the table and his hands to create the drum pattern that was used in the track. Bellinger said "Justin, at that point, was just at a point in his life where he was fearless... and I think, as creators, the greatness comes when you're fearless".

## Lyric video

A lyric video for the song was uploaded on Bieber's official VEVO account on February 26, 2013.

## Charts

| Chart (2012–2013) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Slovakia (Rádio Top 100) | 57 |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 95 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (*Billboard*) | 36 |
| US Rhythmic (*Billboard*) | 16 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| "Right Here" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Justin Bieber featuring Drake | |
| from the album  *Believe* | |
| Released | February 5, 2013 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 3:24 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Hit-Boy |
| Justin Bieber singles chronology | |
| "Beauty and a Beat"
(2012) "**Right Here**"
(2013) "All Around the World"
(2013) | |
|  | |
| Drake singles chronology | |
| "Love Me"
(2013) "**Right Here**"
(2013) "Started from the Bottom"
(2013) | |
| Lyric video | |
| "Right Here" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Bengalon coal mine

abstract: The Bengalon Coal Mine is a coal mine located in East Kalimantan. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 871 million tonnes of coking coal, one of the largest coal reserves in Asia and the world. The mine has an annual production capacity of 4.3 million tonnes of coal.

text:
# Bengalon coal mine

The **Bengalon Coal Mine** is a coal mine located in East Kalimantan. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 871 million tonnes of coking coal, one of the largest coal reserves in Asia and the world. The mine has an annual production capacity of 4.3 million tonnes of coal.

## InfoBox

Bengalon Coal Mine
| Location | |
| --- | --- |
| East Kalimantan | |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Production | |
| Products | Coking coal |


title: Bengal roofs

abstract: Bengal roofs are sloping dome-shaped roofs with drawn-down corners associated with late Mughal and Rajput architecture of Northern India. It is believed that stone roofs of this type did not emerge until the 16th century and can be traced back to rural models with straw or reed roofs in the rainy regions of Bengal.

text:
# Bengal roofs

**Bengal roofs** are sloping dome-shaped roofs with drawn-down corners associated with late Mughal and Rajput architecture of Northern India. It is believed that stone roofs of this type did not emerge until the 16th century and can be traced back to rural models with straw or reed roofs in the rainy regions of Bengal.

## Description

Characteristic features of the Bengal roofs are the broad partial dome-like shape of the roof with runners down the corners. There are several common types of Bengal roofs: the *do-chala* type has only two hanging roof tips on each side of a roof divided in the middle by a ridge; in the rare *char-chala* type, the two roof halves are fused into one unit and have a dome-like shape; the double-storey *at-chala* type has eight roof corners, four on each level.

## History

Such roof forms appeared for the first time in the 16th century on royal architecture of Rajputs and Mughals. Early examples are in the Bengali ruined city of Gaur, including the Mausoleum of Fateh Khan, the son of a general of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.

## Distribution

Two of the first Mughal buildings with echoes of Bengal roof shapes are the two outbuildings of the private palace (*Khas Mahal*) built by Shah Jahan around 1635 for two of his daughters in the Red Fort of Agra. A few decades later, his son Aurangzeb constructed the roof of the Pearl Mosque (*Moti Masjid*) in the Red Fort of Delhi in a similar manner.

However, it is especially notable in the architecture of the Rajput princes and merchants of Rajasthan, especially the countless jaroka-the roofs of the 1799 Palace of the Winds (*Hawa Mahal*) in Jaipur, and the roofs of the houses of rich merchants (*havelis*) in Jaisalmer, Mandawa and elsewhere. Some of the later memorial pavillons (*chattris*), built in the 18th and 19th centuries on the incineration sites of the Hindu princes of Jaisalmer and their family members, are also covered with such roofs. Similarly, since the 19th century, the builders of many Sikh temples have used this element as the coronation of their gurdwara, especially Maharaja Ranjit Singh at the Golden Temple of Amritsar.

* Harle, J. C., *The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent*. (Pelican History of Art.) 2nd edn. 1994, Yale University Press ISBN 0300062176
* Michell, George, (1977) *The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to its Meaning and Forms*, 1977, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0-226-53230-1


title: Rignai

abstract: Rignai is a traditional wrap-around dress worn by Tripuri womenfolk, predominantly in the state of Tripura. It is worn by wrapping it around the waist. It is worn with Risa which is a piece of cloth wrapped around the bust. It is worn by every Tripuri women in homes, workplaces, and particularly occasions.

text:
# Rignai

**Rignai** is a traditional wrap-around dress worn by Tripuri womenfolk, predominantly in the state of Tripura. It is worn by wrapping it around the waist. It is worn with ***Risa*** which is a piece of cloth wrapped around the bust. It is worn by every Tripuri women in homes, workplaces, and particularly occasions.

## Types & variations

The most significant rignai is called the "Chamathwi bar" and comprises white cloth bordered by maroon or other colors. The "Chamathwi bar" is worn during important occasions like wedding ceremonies and festivals like Goria Puja and Hangrai.

## InfoBox

| Rignai<br>Traditional Tripuri dress | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |


title: Rick Behenna

abstract: Richard Kipp Behenna was an American Major League Baseball pitcher for the Atlanta Braves in 1983 and the Cleveland Indians from 1983 to 1985. He was part of what was perhaps one of the worst trades ever made by the Braves. In that deal, the Braves dealt Behenna, third baseman Brook Jacoby, and center fielder Brett Butler to the Indians for their former ace, Len Barker. Barker had a dead arm and was never productive for the Braves. After the end of his MLB career, Behenna remained active in the game. He served as the pitching coach for the East Coweta High School baseball team. He was also the owner of the Newnan Braves, a baseball team that plays in the Great South League. He died of cancer on January 31, 2012.

text:
# Rick Behenna

**Richard Kipp Behenna** (March 6, 1960 – January 31, 2012) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher for the Atlanta Braves in 1983 and the Cleveland Indians from 1983 to 1985. He was part of what was perhaps one of the worst trades ever made by the Braves. In that deal, the Braves dealt Behenna, third baseman Brook Jacoby, and center fielder Brett Butler to the Indians for their former ace, Len Barker. Barker had a dead arm and was never productive for the Braves.

After the end of his MLB career, Behenna remained active in the game. He served as the pitching coach for the East Coweta High School baseball team. He was also the owner of the Newnan Braves, a baseball team that plays in the Great South League. He died of cancer on January 31, 2012.

## InfoBox

| Rick Behenna | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:** (1960-03-06)March 6, 1960
Miami, Florida, U.S. | |
| **Died:** January 31, 2012(2012-01-31) (aged 51)
Sharpsburg, Georgia, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| April 12, 1983, for the Atlanta Braves | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| June 21, 1985, for the Cleveland Indians | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Win–loss record | 3–10 |
| Earned run average | 6.12 |
| Strikeouts | 36 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Richmond Speed

abstract: The Richmond Speed were one of the original 15 teams to join the inaugural 2000 AF2 season. They started off in the American Conference in 2000, before going over to the Northeast Division in 2001, then to the Atlantic Division from 2002–2003. In 2000, Richmond went 7-9 and missed the playoffs. 2001 was a banner year for the Speed. Going 13-3, they cruised through the playoffs and into the ArenaCup. Despite going into the game with high expectations, they lost to the defending champion Quad City Steamwheelers. In 2002, the Speed proved that they were not a one-time wonder, and went to the playoffs again. This time, they were out by Week 1, thanks to the Cape Fear Wildcats. Back-to-back post-season losses was too much to handle, as in 2003, they went 6-10, last in the Atlantic Division. The Speed folded after the 2003 season, leaving Richmond without indoor football until the 2005 arrival of the AIFL Richmond Bandits.

text:
# Richmond Speed

The **Richmond Speed** were one of the original 15 teams to join the inaugural 2000 AF2 season. They started off in the American Conference in 2000, before going over to the Northeast Division in 2001, then to the Atlantic Division from 2002–2003.

In 2000, Richmond went 7-9 and missed the playoffs. 2001 was a banner year for the Speed. Going 13-3, they cruised through the playoffs and into the ArenaCup. Despite going into the game with high expectations, they lost to the defending champion Quad City Steamwheelers. In 2002, the Speed proved that they were not a one-time wonder, and went to the playoffs again. This time, they were out by Week 1, thanks to the Cape Fear Wildcats. Back-to-back post-season losses was too much to handle, as in 2003, they went 6-10, last in the Atlantic Division. The Speed folded after the 2003 season, leaving Richmond without indoor football until the 2005 arrival of the AIFL Richmond Bandits.

## Season-by-season

Season records
| Season | W | L | T | Finish | Playoff results |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | 7 | 9 | 0 | 5th AC |  |
| 2001 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 1st AC Northeast | Won Round 1 (Richmond 67, Birmingham 60)
Won American Conference Championship (Richmond 51, Tennessee Valley 50)
Lost ArenaCup II (Quad City 55, Richmond 51) |
| 2002 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 2nd AC Atlantic | Lost Week 1 (Cape Fear 58, Richmond 47) |
| 2003 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 5th AC Atlantic | -- |
| Totals | 41 | 26 | 0 | (including AF2 playoffs) | |

## Notable players

Shayne Graham, NFL kicker who played in one game during the 2000 season.

## InfoBox

| Richmond Speed | |
| --- | --- |
| **Established 1999**
**Folded 2003**
**Played** in Richmond Coliseum
in Richmond, Virginia | |
|  | |
|  | |
| League/conference affiliations | |
| AF2 (20002003) * American Conference (2000–2003)     + Northeast Division (2001)     + Atlantic Division (2002–2003) | |
| **Current uniform** | |
|  | |
| Team colors | Blue, black, white
 |
| Personnel | |
| Team history | |
| * **Richmond Speed** (2000–2002) | |
| Championships | |
| **League championships (0)**
 | |
| **Conference championships (1)**
 | |
| **Division championships (1)**
 | |
| Playoff appearances (2) | |
|  | |
| Home arena(s) | |
|  | |


title: Rika de Vries

abstract: Rika de Vries is a Dutch female Paralympic sitting volleyball player. She is part of the Netherlands women's national sitting volleyball team. She competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics finishing third, and also at the 2012 Summer Paralympics finishing 4th, after losing from Ukraine in the bronze medal match. On club level she played for Kindercentrum/Alterno in 2012.

text:
# Rika de Vries

**Rika de Vries**  (born 29 December 1974) is a Dutch female Paralympic sitting volleyball player. She is part of the Netherlands women's national sitting volleyball team.

She competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics finishing third, and also at the 2012 Summer Paralympics finishing 4th, after losing from Ukraine in the bronze medal match. On club level she played for Kindercentrum/Alterno in 2012.

## InfoBox

| Rika de Vries | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Nationality | Dutch |
| Born | (1974-12-29) 29 December 1974 |
| Volleyball information | |
| Number | 4 |
| Career | |
| Years Teams  2008-2012 (?)  Kindercentrum/Alterno | |
| National team | |
| 2012  Netherlands sitting volleyball team | |
| Medal record      Women's sitting volleyball  Representing  Netherlands  Paralympic Games  2008 Beijing Team | |


title: Bengal Sultanate conquest of Orissa

abstract: The Bengal sultanate conquest of Orissa in 1568 was a military campaign led by the Karrani dynasty of the Bengal Sultanate under Sulaiman Khan Karrani. The objective was to overthrow the Chalukyan rule of Orissa under Mukunda Deva and the rebellion led by Sarangagarh feudatory Ramachandra Bhanja. The Bengal forces achieved victory, resulting in the annexation of Odisha into the Sultanate. Odisha remained part of the Bengal Sultanate until its eventual annexation by the Mughal Empire in 1592.

text:
# Bengal Sultanate conquest of Orissa

The **Bengal sultanate conquest of Orissa** in 1568 was a military campaign led by the Karrani dynasty of the Bengal Sultanate under Sulaiman Khan Karrani. The objective was to overthrow the Chalukyan rule of Orissa (now Odisha) under Mukunda Deva and the rebellion led by Sarangagarh feudatory Ramachandra Bhanja. The Bengal forces achieved victory, resulting in the annexation of Odisha into the Sultanate. Odisha remained part of the Bengal Sultanate until its eventual annexation by the Mughal Empire in 1592.

## Background

### Prelude

Ibrahim Shah Suri, defeated by Adil Shah Suri due to his rebellion against the Sur dynasty, sought refuge in Bengal. However, Sulaiman Karrani, the Karrani ruler of Bengal, attempted to detain Ibrahim Khan Suri. Recognizing the danger, Ibrahim Khan Suri appealed to Mukunda Deva, the ruler of Odisha, for shelter and assistance. Mukunda Deva, of Chalukya descent, ascended to the throne by ousting Raghuram Raya Chotaraya, the Bhoi ruler of Odisha.

Responding to Ibrahim's plea, Mukunda Deva not only offered refuge but also granted him land as a mark of honor. Mukunda Deva firmly rejected surrendering Ibrahim to the Karranis, sparking animosity from Sulaiman, the ruler of Bengal.

### Involvement of the Mughals

By this time, the Mughal Empire, led by Humayun, achieved victory over Sikander Shah Suri at the Battle of Sirhind, successfully reinstating Mughal rule over India. This triumph marked the recovery of territories that had previously been lost to Sher Shah Suri. One year following the Battle of Sirhind, Humayun passed away, leading to Akbar ascending to the throne of the Mughal Empire.

Recognizing tensions between the Bengalis and the Odias, Akbar, with the aim of annexing Bengal into the Mughal Empire, chose to support the Odias. Establishing diplomatic ties with Mukunda Deva, he forged an alliance. Akbar dispatched Hasan Khan Khajanchi and Bhatta Mahapatra, an Odiya musician from the Mughal Court, as envoys to Mukunda Deva's court. Their mission was to secure support in case of a conflict with the Sultan of Bengal.

The envoys spent four months at Mukunda Deva's court and returned with valuable gifts and elephants. Simultaneously, Mukunda Deva's ambassador, Parmanand, accompanied them to the Imperial Court. This diplomatic maneuvering marked the beginning of an alliance between Akbar and Mukunda Deva.

Mukunda Deva's alliance with the Mughals heightened the animosity between him and Sulaiman, prompting the latter to launch a campaign against the Chalukyas. Concurrently, Mukunda Deva seized a portion of Karrani territory, provoking swift retaliation.

## The conquest

In January 1567, Mukunda Deva launched an invasion of Bengal, having a victory over the Bengal forces and amassing significant wealth. Setting up camp along the banks of the Ganges, he engaged in military exercises, including boat maneuvers on the river. Remarkably, this marked the final instance when the Odisha army reached the banks of the Ganga. In the winter of 1568, as Akbar was besieging the Chittor fort, Sulaiman seized the opportunity to invade Odisha.

The Karrani army operated in two divisions: one led by Sulaiman Karrani and the other by Bayezid, Sulaiman's son, assisted by Kalapahar. Advancing towards Odisha, the Bengal forces reached the coastal area near Balasore. Realizing the absence of support from the Mughals, Mukunda dispatched an army led by his trusted officers, Chhotarai and Raghubhanja. But these officers betrayed Mukunda and defected to the Bengal side against their own ruler.

## Outcome

The records present two different accounts of the outcome of this campaign.

### First version

According to Mandala Panji, the Bengal army, led by Sulaiman, engaged in a conflict with Mukunda's Chalukya forces. In this encounter, Mukunda's forces suffered defeat and sought refuge within the Kotsimul fort in the Hoogly district of West Bengal. Simultaneously, another segment of the Bengal army, commanded by Bayezid and Kala Pahar, laid siege to Cuttack, the capital of Odisha, against Koni Samanta Simhara. In this confrontation, Simhara was defeated and killed.

During this period, Ramachandra Bhanja, the commander of Sarangagarh, staged a revolt and proclaimed himself as the ruler. Ramachandra was the feudatory of the Bhoi Gajapatis, whom Mukunda Deva had assassinated. Acknowledging this development, Mukunda Deva made a treaty with the Karranis and moved to confront Ramachandra. However, in the ensuing battle, Mukunda Deva was defeated and killed by Ramachandra. Later, Ramachandra was killed by the Karranis on the following day.

### Second version

The alternate account of this event, as presented in the Akbarnama, indicates that Mukunda Deva met his demise in the battle fought at Jajpur. According to this version, the Karranis emerged victorious, defeating the Chalukyas.

The first version is widely regarded as the most accurate account. Kalapahar, the commander of the Karrani dynasty, inflicted a severe blow to the art and architecture of Odisha by destroying temples and images. This destructive episode is considered a significant tragedy in the cultural heritage of the region.

## Aftermath

Thus, in A.D. 1568, Orissa's medieval independence came to an end. Subsequently, Orissan prestige suffered, with local kings becoming mere puppets under Muslim governors. Orissa remained a part of the Bengal Sultanate until it was annexed by the Mughal Empire.

## InfoBox

| Bengal Sultanate conquest of Orissa | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Part of Wars involving Bengal Sultanate | | |
| Date 1568  Location Odisha20°31′25″N 85°47′17″E / 20.52361°N 85.78806°E / 20.52361; 85.78806  Result Bengal Sultanate victory  Territorial
changes  Orissa annexed to Bengal Sultanate | | |
| Belligerents | | |
| Bengal Sultanate | House of Chalukya | Bhoi dynasty |
| Commanders and leaders | | |
| Sulaiman Khan Karrani
Bayazid Khan Karrani
Kalapahar | Mukunda Deva
Koni Samanta Simhara | Ramachandra Bhanja |
| class=notpageimage|Map of Cuttack, the capital of Mukunda DevaBengal Sultanate conquest of Orissa (India) | | |