abstract: Don't Look Back – The Very Best of The Korgis is a two disc compilation album by English pop band The Korgis. It was released by Sanctuary Records/Castle Communications in the UK in 2003. Don't Look Back compiles all three of the group's albums The Korgis, Dumb Waiters, and Sticky George in chronological order, including a few alternate versions, single edits as well as the rare 1982 non-album single "Don't Look Back", produced by Trevor Horn. The compilation has extensive liner notes based on an interview with James Warren and was produced in collaboration with the band.

text:
# Don't Look Back – The Very Best of The Korgis

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Don't Look Back – The Very Best of The Korgis*** is a two disc compilation album by English pop band The Korgis. It was released by Sanctuary Records/Castle Communications in the UK in 2003.

*Don't Look Back* compiles all three of the group's albums *The Korgis*, *Dumb Waiters*, and *Sticky George* in chronological order, including a few alternate versions, single edits as well as the rare 1982 non-album single "Don't Look Back", produced by Trevor Horn. The compilation has extensive liner notes based on an interview with James Warren and was produced in collaboration with the band.

## Track listing

### Disc one

1. "Young 'n' Russian" (Davis, Ridlington, Warren) – 3:12
2. "If I Had You" (Davis, Rachmaninoff) - 3:55
    * Album version
3. "I Just Can't Help It" (Davis) - 3:43
4. "Chinese Girl" (Davis) - 2:19
5. "Art School Annexe" (Davis) - 3:37
6. "Boots and Shoes" (Davis, Warren) - 4:32
7. "Dirty Postcards" (Warren) - 4:45
8. "O Maxine" (Warren) - 2:39
9. "Mount Everest Sings the Blues" (Warren) - 2:32
10. "Cold Tea" (Warren) - 3:50
    * Edited version.
    * Tracks 1-10 from 1979 album *The Korgis*
11. "Silent Running" (Warren) - 3:05
12. "Love Ain't Too Far Away" (Davis) - 3:29
13. "Perfect Hostess" (Davis) - 3:21
14. "Drawn and Quartered" (Warren) - 3:20
15. "Everybody's Got to Learn Sometime" (Warren) - 4:15
    * Original version.
16. "Intimate" (Davis) - 3:08
17. "It's No Good Unless You Love Me" (Warren) - 3:24

### Disc two

1. "If It's Alright with You Baby" (Warren) - 3:45
    * Single edit.
2. "Dumb Waiters" (Warren) - 2:42
3. "Rover's Return" (Davis) - 3:34
4. "Everybody's Got to Learn Sometime" (Warren) - 4:22
5. "That Was My Big Mistake" (Davis, Warren) - 4:17
    * Edited version.
6. "All the Love in the World" (Davis, Warren) - 3:40
    * Single edit.
7. "Sticky George" (Harrison, Warren) - 3:36
8. "Can't We Be Friends Now" (Warren) - 4:01
9. "Foolishness of Love" (Harrison) - 3:31
10. "Domestic Bliss" (Gordon, Harrison, Warren) - 3:15
11. "Nowhere to Run" (Davis, Warren) - 5:17
    * Alternate version.
12. "Contraband" (Warren) - 3:18
13. "Don't Say That It's Over" (Warren) - 2:50
14. "Living on the Rocks" (Warren) - 3:32
15. "Don't Look Back" (Warren) - 4:12
16. "Xenophobia" (Warren) - 2:27
    * Tracks 15 & 16 from 1982 7" single "Don't Look Back"
17. "Everybody's Gotta Learn Sometime" - 3:51
    * DNA '93 Housey 7" remix

## Personnel

## Production

## Release history

* 2003 Music Sanctuary/Castle Music CMDDD 673

## InfoBox

| Don't Look Back – The Very Best of The Korgis | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Greatest hits album by The Korgis | |
| Released | 5 August 2003 |
| Recorded | 1977–1993 |
| Genre | Pop |
| Length | Disc 1: 59:32
Disc 2: 62:50
Total: 122:22 |
| Label | Castle Music/Sanctuary (UK)
Castle Music/Ryko (U.S.) |
| Producer | The Korgis
James Warren
David Lord
Trevor Horn |
| The Korgis chronology | |
| *Klassics – The Best of The Korgis*
(2001) ***Don't Look Back – The Very Best of The Korgis***
(2003) *Kollection*
(2005) | |


title: Richard Sharp Smith House

abstract: Richard Sharp Smith House, now known as Stoneybrook, is a historic home located at Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina. It was designed and built by architect Richard Sharp Smith in 1902–1903. It is a 1+1⁄2-story, stone and stucco American Craftsman / bungalow style dwelling. It features a projecting front gable bay and leaded glass windows. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

text:
# Richard Sharp Smith House

**Richard Sharp Smith House**, now known as Stoneybrook, is a historic home located at Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina. It was designed and built by architect Richard Sharp Smith in 1902–1903. It is a 1+12-story, stone and stucco American Craftsman / bungalow style dwelling. It features a projecting front gable bay and leaded glass windows.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Richard Sharp Smith House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 655 Chunns Cove Rd., Asheville, North Carolina |
| Coordinates | 35°37′17″N 82°31′9″W / 35.62139°N 82.51917°W / 35.62139; -82.51917 |
| Area | 2.4 acres (0.97 ha) |
| Built | 1902 (1902)-1903 |
| Architect | Smith, Richard Sharp |
| Architectural style | Bungalow/craftsman |
| NRHP reference No. | 08001361 |
| Added to NRHP | January 22, 2009 |


title: Chalthan railway station

abstract: Chalthan railway station is a railway station in Surat district of Gujarat state of India. It is under Mumbai WR railway division of Western Railway zone of Indian Railways. Chalthan railway station is 15 km far away from Surat. It is located on Udhna – Jalgaon main line of the Indian Railways. It is located at 21 m above sea level and has three platforms. As of 2016, electrified double broad-gauge railway line exists at this station. Passenger, MEMU trains halt here

text:
# Chalthan railway station

**Chalthan railway station** is a railway station in Surat district of Gujarat state of India. It is under Mumbai WR railway division of Western Railway zone of Indian Railways. Chalthan railway station is 15 km far away from Surat. It is located on Udhna – Jalgaon main line of the Indian Railways.

It is located at 21 m above sea level and has three platforms. As of 2016, electrified double broad-gauge railway line exists at this station. Passenger, MEMU trains halt here

## InfoBox

| Chalthan railway station | |
| --- | --- |
| Indian Railways station | |
| General information | |
| Location | Chalthan, Surat district<br>India |
| Coordinates | 21°09′27″N 72°57′23″E / 21.157399°N 72.956360°E / 21.157399; 72.956360 |
| Elevation | 21 metres (69 ft) |
| Owned by | Ministry of Railways, Indian Railways |
| Operated by | Western Railway |
| Line(s) | Udhna–Jalgaon line |
| Platforms | 3 |
| Tracks | 3 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Standard (on ground station) |
| Parking | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Status | Functioning |
| Station code | CHM |
| Zone(s) | Western Railway |
| Division(s) | Mumbai WR |
| History | |
| Electrified | Yes |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Chalthan railway stationLocation within IndiaChalthan railway stationChalthan railway station (Gujarat) | |


title: Chris & Cosey

abstract: Chris & Cosey, sometimes known as Carter Tutti, are a musical duo formed in 1981, consisting of couple Chris Carter (electronics) and Cosey Fanni Tutti, both previously members of industrial music pioneers Throbbing Gristle. Since the release of their 1981 debut album Heartbeat, the group have expanded on the rhythmic ideas of Throbbing Gristle while adding synthesized pop elements to their sound.

text:
# Chris & Cosey

**Chris & Cosey**, sometimes known as **Carter Tutti**, are a musical duo formed in 1981, consisting of couple Chris Carter (electronics) and Cosey Fanni Tutti (voice, electronics, guitar, cornet), both previously (and as of 2020 the sole surviving) members of industrial music pioneers Throbbing Gristle. Since the release of their 1981 debut album *Heartbeat*, the group have expanded on the rhythmic ideas of Throbbing Gristle while adding synthesized pop elements to their sound.

## History

When Throbbing Gristle broke up in 1981, members Carter and Tutti signed with Rough Trade Records and began recording as Chris & Cosey. They recorded four albums for the label using electronics, sampling, Cosey's vocals and cornet playing. In 1983, they formed their own independent record label Creative Technology Institute (aka CTI) to release more experimental works and collaborations. The first CTI projects, *Elemental 7* and *European Rendezvous*, were released through Cabaret Voltaire's DoubleVision label.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the duo worked with a number of independent labels such as Nettwerk (Canada), Play It Again Sam (Belgium), Staalplaat (Netherlands), Wax Trax! (USA), and World Serpent Distribution (UK). In 1992, for artistic and health reasons, the duo stopped touring and concentrated on studio work. They returned to performing live in 1998, as documented on the *Union* album.

Since the couple began collaborating, Carter and Tutti have worked with a variety of similarly respected and recognized avant-garde artists including Monte Cazazza, Coil, Current 93, John Duncan, Erasure, Eurythmics, Boyd Rice, and Robert Wyatt. The 1988 album *Core* is a collection of these collaborations.

Carter and Tutti's tracks have been remixed by world-renowned DJs including Carl Craig, Cosmic Connection, Fred Giannelli, Daniel Miller, μ-Ziq, Vapourspace and Andrew Weatherall.

Carter and Tutti have released two ongoing CD series of instrumental music: *The Library Of Sound* (L.O.S.) and *Electronic Ambient Remixes* (E.A.R.), currently with four volumes each. The E.A.R. series are remixes of material released solo by Carter or Tutti. Tracks from both these instrumental series have been used internationally in gallery installations, performed at numerous electronic music festivals, utilized on TV and radio broadcasts and within Hollywood movie trailers.

### 2000 to present

To greet the 21st century, Chris & Cosey became **Carter Tutti**, celebrating the rebirth with a series of concerts which were documented on the live album *LEM Festival October 2003*. The rebirth was completed by the release of the studio album *Cabal* later that year. Both also appeared as guests on the 2006 Current 93 album *Black Ships Ate the Sky*.

Carter and Tutti re-engaged with Throbbing Gristle, which reformed with all four original members for a December 2004 All Tomorrow's Parties festival appearance, and recorded several new studio albums over the following years – *TG Now* (2004) and *Part Two* (2007). They also performed a short series of concerts in Europe and the United States in 2009, with a rare tour-only release album, *The Third Mind Movements*. (Ostensibly, the few remaining copies were sold via mail-order through the Throbbing Gristle website upon completion of the tour).

In October 2010 Throbbing Gristle began a European tour; however, several days following the band's first tour date at the Hackney Dissenting Academy, London, Throbbing Gristle's website announced that Genesis P-Orridge was no longer willing to perform with the band, and would return home to New York. Chris, Cosey and Peter 'Sleazy' Christopherson finished the tour without P-Orridge, performing under the name X-TG.

Carter and Tutti performed with Nik Colk Void of Factory Floor at Mute's Short Circuit Festival in May 2011. A live album of the show, with an additional studio track, was released as *Transverse* in 2012, under the name Carter Tutti Void.

## Discography

### Albums

* *Heartbeat* (1981), Rough Trade
* *Trance* (1982), Rough Trade
* *Songs of Love & Lust* (1984), Rough Trade
* *Technø Primitiv* (1985), Rough Trade
* *Allotropy* (1987), Staalplaat
* *Sweet Surprise* (1987), Dragon
* *Exotika* (1987), Play It Again Sam
* *Trust* (1989), Play It Again Sam
* *Pagan Tango* (1991), Play It Again Sam/WaxTrax!
* *Musik Fantastique* (1992), Play It Again Sam
* *Twist* (1995), T&B Vinyl
* *Skimble Skamble* (1997), World Serpent
* *Cabal* (2004), CTI – Carter Tutti
* *Feral Vapours of the Silver Ether* (2007), CTI – as Carter Tutti
* *Transverse* (2012), Mute – as Carter Tutti Void
* *f(x)* (2015), Industrial Records – as Carter Tutti Void
* *Triumvirate* (2019), Industrial Records – as Carter Tutti Void

### Live albums

* *Action!* (1987), LD
* *Union* (1999), World Serpent
* *C&C Luchtbal* (2003) CTI, live album
* *LEM Festival October 2003* (2004) GliptotekaMagdalae, as Carter Tutti
* *Transverse* (2012), Mute, as Carter Tutti Void

as CTI * *Elemental 7* (1984), DoubleVision
* *European Rendezvous – CTI Live 1983* (1984), DoubleVision
* *Core* (1988), Nettwerk/Play It Again Sam
* *Metaphysical – "The library of sound" Edition One* (1993), World Serpent
* *Chronomanic – "The library of sound" Edition Two* (1994), World Serpent
* *In Continuum – "The library of sound" Edition Three* (1995), World Serpent
* *Point Seven – "The library of sound" Edition Four* (1998), World Serpent

Compilations * *Collectiv One: Conspiracy International* (1989), Play It Again Sam
* *Collectiv Two: The Best of Chris and Cosey* (1989), Play It Again Sam
* *Collectiv Three: An Elemental Rendevous* \[sic\] (1990), Play It Again Sam
* *Collectiv Four: Archive Recordings* (1990), Play It Again Sam
* *Reflection* (1990), WaxTrax!
* *The Essential Chris & Cosey Collection* (2002), World Serpent
* *Collected Works 1981 – 2000* (2006), Conspiracy International

### EPs

* *Take Five* (1986), Licensed
* *C + C Musik* (1995), T&B Vinyl – promotional only

### Singles

* "Night Shift" (1982) – flexi-disc with *Vinyl* magazine, split with Minimal Compact
* "This is Me" (1983), Music Time – split with Wahnfried-Brown
* "October (Love Song)" (1983), Rough Trade
* "Sweet Surprise" (1985), Rough Trade
* "Obsession" (1987), Play It Again Sam
* "Obsession (remix)" (1987), Nettwerk
* "Exotika" (1988), Play It Again Sam
* "Exotika (extended remix)" (1988), Nettwerk
* "Rise" (1988), Play It Again Sam
* "Synaesthesia" (1991), Play It Again Sam
* "Passion" (1991), World Serpent

as Conspiracy International * "Hammer House" (1984), CTI
* "Thy Gift of Tongues" (1985), CTI

## Videos

* *Live Vol. 1* (1996), Conspiracy International (VHS)

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Chris & Cosey | |
| --- | --- |
| Chris & Cosey performing in 2014 | |
| Background information | |
| Also known as | Carter Tutti, CTI, Conspiracy International, Carter Tutti Void |
| Genres |  |
| Years active | 1981present |
| Labels |  |
|  | |
| Members |  |
|  | |
| Website | chrisandcosey.com |


title: Bobiecko

abstract: Bobiecko is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łyszkowice, within Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south of Łowicz and 44 km (27 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Bobiecko

**Bobiecko** \[bɔˈbjɛt͡skɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łyszkowice, within Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south of Łowicz and 44 km (27 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

## InfoBox

| Bobiecko | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Bobiecko | |
| Coordinates: 52°1′N 19°58′E / 52.017°N 19.967°E / 52.017; 19.967 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Łowicz |
| Gmina | Łyszkowice |


title: The Mystery of Life

abstract: The Mystery of Life is the 77th album by country singer Johnny Cash, released in 1991, and his last for Mercury Records. The songs featured are culled from both recent sessions and from leftovers from Cash's first Mercury session in 1986 for the album Johnny Cash is Coming to Town. It includes new recordings of two songs already associated with him from his Sun and Columbia days, "Hey Porter" and "Wanted Man", plus a remake of "The Greatest Cowboy of Them All," which had been recorded for Columbia but released on the non-Columbia release, A Believer Sings the Truth. "I'll Go Somewhere and Sing My Songs Again" is a duet with Tom T. Hall. The album's poor performance on the charts and that of "Goin' by the Book", the only single to chart, coupled with Cash's unsteady relationship with Mercury, ensured his departure from the label following the album's release. In 2003, the album was re-released with "The Wanderer" from U2's 1993 Island Records album Zooropa as a bonus track. In 2006, "I'm an Easy Rider" and "Beans for Breakfast" were used in the soundtrack to the video game Scarface: The World Is Yours. According to Cash's 1997 biography, Mercury only pressed 500 copies of the album, biographer Robert Hilburn in Johnny Cash: The Life (2013) dismisses this as an exaggeration on Cash's part. This was the final new studio album release to feature drummer W.S. "Fluke" Holland, who had been a member of Cash's backing group and featured on almost all of his recordings since the 1950s, as Holland would not participate in the recording sessions for the Johnny Cash Country Christmas or the recordings made for American Recordings, though he would continue to perform with Cash in concert.

text:
# The Mystery of Life

***The Mystery of Life*** is the 77th album by country singer Johnny Cash, released in 1991, and his last for Mercury Records. The songs featured are culled from both recent sessions and from leftovers from Cash's first Mercury session in 1986 for the album *Johnny Cash is Coming to Town*.

It includes new recordings of two songs already associated with him from his Sun and Columbia days, "Hey Porter" and "Wanted Man", plus a remake of "The Greatest Cowboy of Them All," which had been recorded for Columbia but released on the non-Columbia release, *A Believer Sings the Truth* . "I'll Go Somewhere and Sing My Songs Again" is a duet with Tom T. Hall. The album's poor performance on the charts (it peaked at #70) and that of "Goin' by the Book", the only single to chart (at #69), coupled with Cash's unsteady relationship with Mercury, ensured his departure from the label following the album's release. In 2003, the album was re-released with "The Wanderer" from U2's 1993 Island Records album *Zooropa* as a bonus track. In 2006, "I'm an Easy Rider" and "Beans for Breakfast" were used in the soundtrack to the video game *Scarface: The World Is Yours*.

According to Cash's 1997 biography, Mercury only pressed 500 copies of the album, biographer Robert Hilburn in *Johnny Cash: The Life* (2013) dismisses this as an exaggeration on Cash's part.

This was the final new studio album release to feature drummer W.S. "Fluke" Holland, who had been a member of Cash's backing group and featured on almost all of his recordings since the 1950s, as Holland would not participate in the recording sessions for the Johnny Cash Country Christmas or the recordings made for American Recordings, though he would continue to perform with Cash in concert.

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | link |
| Robert Christgau | link |

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The Greatest Cowboy of Them All" | Johnny Cash | 3:34 |
| 2. | "I'm an Easy Rider" | Johnny Cash | 2:36 |
| 3. | "The Mystery of Life" | Joe Nixon | 3:11 |
| 4. | "Hey Porter" | Johnny Cash | 2:20 |
| 5. | "Beans for Breakfast" | Johnny Cash | 3:18 |
| 6. | "Goin' by the Book" | Butch Chester Lester | 3:19 |
| 7. | "Wanted Man" | Bob Dylan, Johnny Cash | 2:52 |
| 8. | "I'll Go Somewhere and Sing My Songs Again" (duet with Tom T. Hall) | Tom T. Hall | 3:11 |
| 9. | "The Hobo Song" | John Prine | 3:32 |
| 10. | "Angel and the Badman" | Johnny Cash | 2:24 |
| 11. | "The Wanderer" (with U2) (bonus track on later pressings) | Bono, Adam Clayton, The Edge, Larry Mullen, Jr. | 4:44 |

## Personnel

### Additional musicians

### Additional personnel

### Reissue credits

* Produced by Andy McKaie
* Digitally remastered by Suha Gur, UNiversal Mastering-East
* Art direction: Vartan
* Design: Mike Fink @ilevel
* Photo research: Ryan Null
* Photos: Alan Messer
* Production coordination: Beth Stempel

## Charts

**Album***Billboard* (United States)

| Chart (1991) | Peak position |
| --- | --- |
| Top Country Albums | 70 |

**Singles***Billboard* (United States)

| Year | Single | Peak positions |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | | US Country |
| 1990 | "Goin' by the Book" | 69 |
| 1991 | "The Mystery of Life" |  |

## InfoBox

| The Mystery of Life | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Johnny Cash | |
| Released | February 19, 1991 |
| Recorded | September 1986 – September 1990 |
| Studio | Cowboy Arms (Nashville, Tennessee) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 30:17 |
| Label | Mercury |
| Producer | Jack Clement |
| Johnny Cash chronology | |
| *The Man in Black 1959-1962*
(1991) ***The Mystery of Life***
(1991) *Country Christmas*
(1991) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *The Mystery of Life* | |
| 1. "Goin' by the Book"
Released: August 1990 2. "The Greatest Cowboy of Them All"
Released: November 1990 3. "The Mystery of Life"
Released: March 1991 4. "Wanted Man"
Released: July 1991 | |
|  | |


title: Donara

abstract: Donara is a genus of the family Tephritidae, better known as fruit flies.

text:
# Donara

***Donara*** is a genus of the family Tephritidae, better known as fruit flies.

## InfoBox

| *Donara* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tephritidae |
| Subfamily: | Tephritinae |
| Tribe: | Tephritini |
| Genus: | *Donara* |
|


title: The Outside Man

abstract: The Outside Man is a 1972 French-Italian thriller set in Los Angeles, directed by Jacques Deray and starring Jean-Louis Trintignant, Ann-Margret, Roy Scheider, and Angie Dickinson.

text:
# The Outside Man

***The Outside Man*** (French: ***Un homme est mort***) is a 1972 French-Italian thriller set in Los Angeles, directed by Jacques Deray and starring Jean-Louis Trintignant, Ann-Margret, Roy Scheider, and Angie Dickinson.

## Plot

A contract on the life of Kovacs, a major California mobster, is given to Lucien, a hitman in France. Flying to Los Angeles, he checks into a hotel and drives out to the victim's luxurious home. Finding the man alone, he shoots him dead and makes his getaway. Back at the hotel, he discovers that his room has been stripped, including his passport and plane ticket. Emerging, he finds that he is being trailed by a hitman, who keeps trying to shoot him. To evade his pursuer, he takes a woman hostage and holes up in her apartment. On the TV news he sees the report of Kovacs murder, but the description of the suspect does not fit him at all.

With only a gun and some money, and being pursued, he cannot survive long. He calls up his boss in Paris, Antoine, who tells him to find an old friend, Nancy, who works in a topless bar. She hides him and organises a passport. When Lucien's pursuer, Lenny, finds the two of them in a motel, Lucien captures him and explains the situation. Lucien was hired to eliminate Kovacs and Lenny was hired to eliminate Lucien, but who hired them? The answer is clear: it was Kovacs son, who has inherited his father's profitable empire and his trophy wife. The two agree to tackle young Kovacs, but fall out and Lenny is killed. Antoine arrives from Paris to attend old Kovacs funeral, which ends in a shoot-out. Antoine kills young Kovacs, but is then shot dead by the police. Lucien gets away, but dies of gunshot wounds.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| The Outside Man | |
| --- | --- |
| French film poster | |
| Directed by | Jacques Deray |
| Written by | Jacques Deray
Jean-Claude Carrière
Ian McLellan Hunter |
| Produced by | Jacques Bar |
| Starring | Jean-Louis Trintignant
Ann-Margret
Roy Scheider
Michel Constantin
Angie Dickinson |
| Cinematography | Silvano Ippoliti
Terry K. Meade |
| Edited by | William K. Chulack
Henri Lanoë |
| Music by | Michel Legrand |
| Production
companies | Cité Films
General Production Company
Les Productions Artistes Associés
Mondial Televisione Film |
| Distributed by | United Artists |
| Release dates | * 21 December 1972 (1972-12-21) (Italy) * 18 January 1973 (1973-01-18) (France) * 18 January 1973 (1973-01-18) (USA) |
| Running time | 105 minutes |
| Countries | France
Italy |


title: Dondria vs. Phatfffat

abstract: Dondria vs. Phatfffat is the debut studio album of American R&B singer Dondria, released on August 17, 2010, by So So Def Recordings.

text:
# Dondria vs. Phatfffat

***Dondria vs. Phatfffat*** is the debut studio album of American R&B singer Dondria, released on August 17, 2010, by So So Def Recordings.

## Singles

The first single was "You're the One", released on November 24, 2009. It peaked at number 14 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.

The second single, "Shawty Wus Up" was released May 18, 2010 and peaked at 66 on the *Billboard* Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.

The third single, "Where Did We Go Wrong" was released June 29, 2010 and peaked at 72 on the *Billboard* Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.

## Critical reception

Allmusic's David Jeffries gave the album three-and-a-half out of five stars and called it a "pleasing throwback" to late-1990s R&B, stating "Dondria is vocally a dead ringer for Beyoncé but her material recalls the late ‘90s, 'one-namers' like Brandy, Monifah, and Monica". Despite writing that the album "lacks progression on the production side", Shirea L. Carroll of *Essence* complimented Dondria's vocals and R&B sound, while noting "few misses" lyrically. Mark Edward Nero of About.com gave the album three out of five stars and viewed its lyrics as "bland", but commended Dondria's performance on "ballads and faster-paced tracks" and commented that "despite its problems, the album is a nice showcasing of a raw, but talented newcomer".

## Track listing

1. "You're the One" - 2:52
2. "Saving Myself" - 2:38
3. "Shawty Wus Up" (featuring Johntá Austin & Diamond) \- 4:01
4. "Making Love" - 3:17
5. "Can You Help Me" - 4:12
6. "Where Did We Go Wrong" - 4:01
7. "No More" - 3:43
8. "Still Be With Me" - 4:10
9. "You're the One (JD's Jeep Mix)" - 3:13
10. "Believer" - 3:34
11. "Kissed By The Sun" - 2:56

## Personnel

Credits for *Dondria vs. Phatfffat* adapted from Allmusic.

## InfoBox

| Dondria vs. Phatfffat | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Dondria | |
| Released | August 17, 2010 (2010-08-17) |
| Genre | R&B |
| Length | 38:26 |
| Label | So So Def, Malaco, Sony Orchard |
| Producer | Jermaine Dupri, Johntá Austin, Bryan-Michael Cox |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Dondria vs. Phatfffat* | |
| 1. "You're the One"
Released: November 24, 2009 2. "Shawty Wus Up"
Released: May 18, 2010 3. "Where Did We Go Wrong"
Released: June 29, 2010 | |
|  | |


title: Donduran, Yenipazar

abstract: Donduran is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Yenipazar, Aydın Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,019 (2022).

text:
# Donduran, Yenipazar

**Donduran** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Yenipazar, Aydın Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,019 (2022).

## InfoBox

| Donduran | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| DonduranLocation in TurkeyDonduranDonduran (Turkey Aegean) | |
| Coordinates: 37°50′N 28°15′E / 37.833°N 28.250°E / 37.833; 28.250 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Aydın |
| District | Yenipazar |
| Population (2022) | 1,019 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Dondukovo

abstract: Dondukovo is a village in Brusartsi Municipality, Montana Province, north-western Bulgaria.

text:
# Dondukovo

**Dondukovo** is a village in Brusartsi Municipality, Montana Province, north-western Bulgaria.

## InfoBox

| Dondukovo Дондуково | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Dondukovo | |
| Coordinates: 43°43′N 23°06′E / 43.717°N 23.100°E / 43.717; 23.100 | |
| Country | Bulgaria |
| Province | Montana Province |
| Municipality | Brusartsi |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


abstract: The Donetsk National Academic Ukrainian Musical and Drama Theatre is a theatre in Donetsk, Ukraine. It was founded in 1927 and was awarded national status in November 2009. It has hosted the regional theater festival "Theatrical Donbas" since 1992 and the "Golden Key" open festival performances and concerts for children and youth since 1997.

text:
# Donetsk National Academic Ukrainian Musical and Drama Theatre

The **Donetsk National Academic Ukrainian Musical and Drama Theatre** is a theatre in Donetsk, Ukraine. It was founded in 1927 and was awarded national status in November 2009. It has hosted the regional theater festival "Theatrical Donbas" since 1992 and the "Golden Key" open festival performances and concerts for children and youth since 1997.

## History

The Donetsk National Academic Ukrainian Musical and Drama Theatre began in 1927 in Kharkiv, then the capital of Ukraine, with the creation of the Ukrainian Labour Theatre. Its purpose was to carry out cultural and educational missions in Eastern Ukraine. The troupe was formed from the actors of the Kharkiv State Folk Theatre and the Berezil Theatre. The first director was А. Zagarov, who had studied with Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko. A year later, V. Vasilko, a student of Les Kurbas who later became an Honoured People's Artist of Ukraine, was appointed the art director.

In 1933, at the invitation of the People's Commissariat of Education of Ukraine, the creative team was transferred to Donetsk (then Stalino), where the first season opened on November 7, 1933, with the premiere of I. Mikitenko's play *The Bastille of the Virgin* (Ukrainian: Бастилія божої матері).

During its first 10 years the theatre visited the main cities of the Donets Basin (Voroshilovgrad, Mariupol, Gorlovka, Donetsk, Makiivka and Slavyansk) and also travelled outside the region, to Baku, Minsk, Vitebsk, Gomel, Mogilev, Leningrad, Rostov-on-Don and Kyiv.

After the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War, the theatre was not completely evacuated. Most of the members went to the front. A small group of actors joined the Artyomovsk Theatre and were evacuated to Kyzylorda, Kazakh SSR. Another, somewhat bigger group joined the Stalin Drama Theatre in Horlivka on their way to Central Asia and worked in Jalal-Abad, Kyrgyz SSR. After the liberation of the Donets Basin in January and March 1944, both troupes returned to Stalino.

On September 28, 2001, the Theatre was granted Honorary Academic status, and on November 26, 2009, a Presidential Decree granted it National status.

## Building

For a long time, the theatre operated in the premises of Donetsk Musical Theatre (from 1947, the Donetsk Opera and Ballet Theatre). The present theatre building was built in 1961 to a design by architect Y. Chechik. In 2005, the theatre building and adjacent territory were reconstructed, forming a unique Donets Basin theatre complex with five scenes.

## The troupe

The theatre has its own professional orchestra directed by chief conductor Y. Kulakov, a group of artists and singers under the leadership of choirmaster T. Paschuk, and a professional ballet group led by chief choreographer Vladimir Maslov. Several People's and Honoured Artists of Ukraine work in the troupe.

## Performances

The theater became one of the centers of Ukrainian theatrical culture of the Donetsk region, so Ukrainian plays predominate in the repertory:

The company's repertoire includes various works from other countries:

A small stage, created after the renovation of the theatre, functions as a place for creative exploration and experimentation.

Productions for young audiences include:

* *Vasilisa the Beautiful*
* *Puss in Boots* by S. Prokofiev
* *Scarlet Flower*
* *Kotigoroshek* by A.Shiyan
* *The Nutcracker* by A. Hoffmann

48°00′07″N 37°48′10″E / 48.0019°N 37.8027°E / 48.0019; 37.8027


title: Dorcadion carinipenne

abstract: Dorcadion carinipenne is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pic in 1900.

text:
# Dorcadion carinipenne

***Dorcadion carinipenne*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pic in 1900.

## InfoBox

| *Dorcadion carinipenne* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Tribe: | Lamiini |
| Genus: | *Dorcadion* |
| Species: | ***D. carinipenne*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dorcadion carinipenne***<br>Pic, 1900 | |
|


abstract: The Platinum Collection is a compilation album by the English drummer and singer Phil Collins, released on 31 May 2004 by Virgin Records. The set consists of all three of Collins' number one albums in the UK: Face Value (1981), No Jacket Required (1985) and...But Seriously (1989). The last two also reached number one in the United States. The individual albums featured several of Collins' most successful singles, including "In the Air Tonight", "One More Night" and "Another Day in Paradise". The collection sold approximately 200,000 copies and reached number four in the UK. A compilation album covering the band Genesis, of whom Collins is a member, also titled The Platinum Collection and also consisting of three CDs, was released later in 2004. In 2010, a different collection of the same name was released in some European countries, which consisted of Face Value, Both Sides (1993) and Testify (2002).

text:
# The Platinum Collection (Phil Collins album)

***The Platinum Collection*** is a compilation album by the English drummer and singer Phil Collins, released on 31 May 2004 by Virgin Records.

The set consists of all three of Collins' number one albums in the UK: *Face Value* (1981), *No Jacket Required* (1985) and *...But Seriously* (1989). The last two also reached number one in the United States.

The individual albums featured several of Collins' most successful singles, including "In the Air Tonight", "One More Night" and "Another Day in Paradise". The collection sold approximately 200,000 copies and reached number four in the UK.

A compilation album covering the band Genesis, of whom Collins is a member, also titled *The Platinum Collection* and also consisting of three CDs, was released later in 2004.

In 2010, a different collection of the same name was released in some European countries, which consisted of *Face Value*, *Both Sides* (1993) and *Testify* (2002).

## Track listing

### Disc 1 (*Face Value*)

1. "In the Air Tonight" – 5:32
2. "This Must Be Love" – 3:55
3. "Behind the Lines" – 3:53
4. "The Roof Is Leaking" – 3:16
5. "Droned" – 2:55
6. "Hand in Hand" – 5:12
7. "I Missed Again" – 3:41
8. "You Know What I Mean" – 2:33
9. "Thunder and Lightning" – 4:12
10. "I'm Not Moving" – 2:33
11. "If Leaving Me Is Easy" – 4:54
12. "Tomorrow Never Knows" – 4:46

### Disc 2 (*No Jacket Required*)

1. "Sussudio" – 4:23
2. "Only You Know and I Know" – 4:20
3. "Long Long Way to Go" – 4:20
4. "I Don't Wanna Know" – 4:12
5. "One More Night" – 4:47
6. "Don't Lose My Number" – 4:46
7. "Who Said I Would" – 4:01
8. "Doesn't Anybody Stay Together Anymore" – 4:18
9. "Inside Out" – 5:14
10. "Take Me Home" – 5:51
11. "We Said Hello Goodbye" – 4:15

### Disc 3 (*...But Seriously*)

1. "Hang in Long Enough" – 4:44
2. "That's Just the Way It Is" – 5:20
3. "Do You Remember?" – 4:36
4. "Something Happened on the Way to Heaven" – 4:52
5. "Colours" – 8:51
6. "I Wish It Would Rain Down" – 5:28
7. "Another Day in Paradise" – 5:22
8. "Heat on the Street" – 3:51
9. "All of My Life" – 5:36
10. "Saturday Night and Sunday Morning" – 1:26
11. "Father to Son" – 3:28
12. "Find a Way to My Heart" – 6:08

## Reception

## InfoBox

| The Platinum Collection | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Phil Collins | |
| Released | 31 May 2004 (2004-05-31) |
| Recorded | 1980–1989 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 2:37:58 |
| Label | Virgin |
| Producer |  |
| Phil Collins chronology | |
| *Brother Bear: An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack*
(2003) ***The Platinum Collection***
(2004) *Love Songs: A Compilation... Old and New*
(2004) | |


title: Donji Hadžići

abstract: Donji Hadžići is a village in the municipality of Hadžići, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

text:
# Donji Hadžići

**Donji Hadžići** is a village in the municipality of Hadžići, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 318.

Ethnicity in 2013
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bosniaks | 305 | 95.9% |
| other/undeclared | 13 | 4.1% |
| **Total** | **318** | **100%** |

## InfoBox

| Donji Hadžići | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Donji Hadžići | |
| Coordinates: 43°50′N 18°13′E / 43.833°N 18.217°E / 43.833; 18.217 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Canton | Sarajevo |
| Municipality | Hadžići |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.15 sq mi (0.40 km2) |
| Population (2013) | |
| Total | 318 |
| Density | 2,100/sq mi (800/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Doridina

abstract: The Doridina, common name dorid nudibranchs, are a taxonomic suborder of sea snails or slugs, marine gastropod molluscs in the order Nudibranchia. Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) rejected the name Anthobranchia on the grounds that it also included Onchidium at the time of original publication. Doridina is equivalent and used in the latest classification. A morphological phylogenetic study, published in 2000, by Wägele & Willan showed that the subclade Gnathodoridacea and the subclade Doridacea each form a monophyletic group. In a later study, published in 2002, A. Valdés concluded that the superfamilies Doridoidea and Phyllidioidea formed a clade. He expanded the usage of Cryptobranchia to encompass the whole subclade Doridacea. This move was not followed in the taxonomy of Bouchet and Rocroi.

text:
# Doridina

The **Doridina**, common name **dorid nudibranchs**, are a taxonomic suborder of sea snails or slugs, marine gastropod molluscs in the order Nudibranchia. Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) rejected the name Anthobranchia on the grounds that it also included *Onchidium* at the time of original publication. **Doridina** is equivalent and used in the latest classification.

A morphological phylogenetic study, published in 2000, by Wägele & Willan showed that the subclade Gnathodoridacea (= Bathydoridoidea) and the subclade Doridacea (= Phanerobranchia + Cryptobranchia + Porostomata) each form a monophyletic group.

In a later study, published in 2002, A. Valdés concluded that the superfamilies Doridoidea and Phyllidioidea (called by him Cryptobranchia + Porostomata) formed a clade. He expanded the usage of Cryptobranchia to encompass the whole subclade Doridacea. This move was not followed in the taxonomy of Bouchet and Rocroi.

## Taxonomy

### clade Gnathodoridacea (synonym of Bathydoridoidei)

### clade Doridacea

## Further reading

* Belick F. P. (1975) "Additional opisthobranch mollusks from Oregon". *The Veliger* **17**(3): 276-277.
* Goddard J. H. r. (1984) "The opisthobranchs of Cape Arago, Oregon, with notes on their biology and a summary of benthic opisthobranchs known from Oregon". *The Veliger* **27**(2): 143-163.
* Lance J. R. (1967) "The holotype of the abyssal dorid nudibranch *Bathydoris aoica* Marcus & Marcus, 1962". *The Veliger* **9**(4): 410.
* Marcus Ev. & Marcus Er. (1962) "A new species of the Gnathodoridacea". *Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências* **34**: 269-275.
* Valdés Á. & Bertsch H. (2000) "Redescription and range extension of *Bathydoris aioca* Marcus & Marcus, 1962 (Nudibranchia: Gnathodoridoidea)". *The Veliger* **43**(2): 172-178.

## InfoBox

| Dorid nudibranchs | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Yellow-edge cadlina, *Cadlina luteomarginata* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Nudibranchia |
| Suborder: | Doridina<br>Tardy, 1970 |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Donatello (singer)

abstract: Giuliano Illiani, best known as Donatello, is an Italian singer, mainly successful in the first half of the 1970s.

text:
# Donatello (singer)

**Giuliano Illiani** (born 11 September 1947), best known as **Donatello**, is an Italian singer, mainly successful in the first half of the 1970s.

## Background

Born in Tortona, Illiani started his musical career as a member of the band Wanted’s between 1962 and 1966. In 1968 he became guitarist in the Gianni Morandi's backing band.

In 1970 Illiani adopted the stage name Donatello and entered the competition at the Sanremo Music Festival with the song "Io mi fermo qui", presented in a double performance with the band Dik Dik. The same year Donatello got his first commercial success with the song "Malattia d'amore" which charted tenth on the Italian hit parade.

Between 1971 and 1973 he entered the main competition at the Sanremo Music Festival three more times, always being a finalist. In the same years he got two top ten hits with the songs "Com'è dolce la sera" and "Ti voglio". After the 1974 single "Irene", which he presented at Un disco per l'estate, Donatello left Dischi Ricordi and started pursuing a more personal musical path, characterized by the recovery of traditional sounds.

## Discography

Album * 1970 - *Donatello*
* 1975 - *Il tempo degli dei*
* 1978 - *A mio nonno ambulante*

Singles * 1970 - Io mi fermo qui
* 1970 - 100 volte lei
* 1970 - Malattia d'amore
* 1970 - Tu giovane amore mio
* 1971 - Com'è dolce la sera
* 1971 - Alice è cambiata
* 1971 - Anima mia
* 1972 - Ti voglio
* 1972 - Gira gira sole
* 1974 - Irene
* 1975 - Uomo di città
* 1976 - Un uomo in più
*

## InfoBox

| Donatello | |
| --- | --- |
| Nada and Donatello (1972) | |
| Born | Giuliano Illiani
11 September 1947 (1947-09-11) (age 77)
Tortona, Italy |
| Occupation | Singer |


title: Donatello Brown

abstract: Donatello Brown is an American football cornerback who is a free agent. He played college football at Valdosta State. He is the uncle of wide receiver John Brown.

text:
# Donatello Brown

**Donatello Brown** (born May 15, 1991) is an American football cornerback who is a free agent. He played college football at Valdosta State. He is the uncle of wide receiver John Brown.

## Professional career

### Green Bay Packers

Brown signed with the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent on May 5, 2017. He was waived by the Packers on September 2, 2017 and was signed to the practice squad the next day. He was promoted to the active roster on November 17, 2017.

He was re-signed on March 12, 2018. After training camp, he was waived by the Packers on September 1, 2018.

### Atlanta Legends

Brown signed with the Atlanta Legends of the Alliance of American Football for the 2019 season. The league ceased operations in April 2019.

### Dallas/Arlington Renegades

Brown was drafted in the 9th round during phase four in the 2020 XFL Draft by the Dallas Renegades. He had his contract terminated when the league suspended operations on April 10, 2020.

Brown was drafted again by the Renegades on Nov 16, 2022 in the 2023 XFL Draft for the 2023 XFL season.

## NFL career statistics

### Regular season

| Year | Team | GP | GS | Tackles | | | | | Interceptions | | | | | | Fumbles | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Total | Solo | Ast | Sck | SFTY | PDef | Int | Yds | Avg | Lng | TDs | FF | FR |
| 2017 | GB | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Source: NFL.com | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Donatello Brown
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born: | (1991-05-15) May 15, 1991
Kennesaw, Georgia, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) |
| Weight: | 189 lb (86 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | North Cobb
(Kennesaw, Georgia) |
| College: | Valdosta State |
| Position: | Cornerback |
| Undrafted: | 2017 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
| Roster status: | Active |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Total tackles: 0  Sacks: 0.0  Pass deflections: 0  Interceptions: 0  Forced fumbles: 0 | |
|  | |


title: Double-stranded uracil-DNA glycosylase

abstract: Double-stranded uracil-DNA glycosylase is an enzyme with systematic name uracil-double-stranded DNA deoxyribohydrolase (uracil-releasing). This enzyme catalyses a specific chemical reaction: it hydrolyses mismatched double-stranded DNA and polynucleotides, releasing free uracil. This enzyme is not active on DNA containing a T/G mispair or single-stranded DNA.

text:
# Double-stranded uracil-DNA glycosylase

**Double-stranded uracil-DNA glycosylase** (EC 3.2.2.28, *Mug*, *double-strand uracil-DNA glycosylase*, *Dug*, *dsUDG*, *double-stranded DNA specific UDG*, *dsDNA specific UDG*, *UdgB*, *G:T/U mismatch-specific DNA glycosylase*, *UDG*) is an enzyme with systematic name *uracil-double-stranded DNA deoxyribohydrolase (uracil-releasing)*. This enzyme catalyses a specific chemical reaction: it hydrolyses mismatched double-stranded DNA and polynucleotides, releasing free uracil.

This enzyme is not active on DNA containing a T/G mispair or single-stranded DNA.

## InfoBox

| Double-stranded uracil-DNA glycosylase | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 3.2.2.28 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |


title: Double-striped thick-knee

abstract: The double-striped thick-knee is a stone-curlew, a group of waders in the family Burhinidae. The vernacular name refers to the prominent joints in the long greenish-grey legs, and bistriatus to the two stripes of the head pattern.

text:
# Double-striped thick-knee

The **double-striped thick-knee** (***Hesperoburhinus bistriatus***) is a stone-curlew, a group of waders in the family Burhinidae. The vernacular name refers to the prominent joints in the long greenish-grey legs, and *bistriatus* to the two stripes of the head pattern.

## Taxonomy

The double-striped thick-knee was formally described in 1829 by the German naturalist Johann Georg Wagler from a specimen collected in Mexico. He coined the binomial name *Charadrius bistriatus*. The specific epithet *bistriatus* combines the Latin *bi-* meaning "two-" or "double-" with *striatus* meaning "stripe". The double-striped thick-knee is now placed in the genus *Burhinus* that was erected by the German zoologist Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger in 1811. In IOC 14.1, the double-striped thick-knee was transferred to the newly described genus *Hesperoburhinus*.

Four subspecies are recognised:

## Description

The double-striped thick-knee is a medium-large wader with a strong black and yellow bill, large yellow eyes, which give it a reptilian appearance, and cryptic plumage. The adult is about 46 to 50 cm (18–20 in) long and weighs about 780 to 785 g (27.5–27.7 oz). It has finely streaked grey-brown upperparts, and a paler brown neck and breast merging into the white belly. The head has a strong white supercilium bordered above by a black stripe. Juveniles are similar to adults, but have slightly darker brown upperparts and a whitish nape. The double-striped thick-knee is striking in flight, with a white patch on the dark upperwing, and a white underwing with a black rear edge.

The four subspecies differ in size and plumage tone, but individual variation makes identification of races difficult.

## Distribution and habitat

It is a resident breeder in Central and South America from southern Mexico south to Colombia, Venezuela and northern Brazil. It also occurs on Hispaniola and some of the Venezuelan Caribbean islands, and is a very rare vagrant to Trinidad, Curaçao and the USA. It prefers arid grassland, savanna, and other dry, open habitats.

## Behaviour

This is a largely nocturnal and crepuscular species. It flies only reluctantly, relying on crouching and camouflage for concealment. The double-striped thick-knee eats large insects and other small vertebrate and invertebrate prey. It is sometimes semi-domesticated because of its useful function in controlling insects, and has benefited from the clearing of woodlands to create pasture. The song, given at night, is a loud *kee-kee-kee*.

### Breeding

The nest is a bare scrape into which two olive-brown eggs are laid and incubated by both adults for 25–27 days to hatching. The downy young are precocial and soon leave the nest.

* ffrench, Richard (1991). *A Guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago* (2nd ed.). Comstock Publishing. ISBN 0-8014-9792-2.
* Hilty, Steven L (2003). *Birds of Venezuela*. London: Christopher Helm. ISBN 0-7136-6418-5.
* Stiles, F. Gary; Skutch, Alexander F. (1989). *A Guide to the Birds of Costa Rica*. Comstock Publishing Associates. ISBN 0-8014-9600-4.
* Hayman, Peter; Marchant, John; Prater, Tony (1991). *Shorebirds*. Christopher Helm Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-0-395-60237-9.

## InfoBox

| Double-striped thick-knee | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Charadriiformes |
| Family: | Burhinidae |
| Genus: | *Hesperoburhinus* |
| Species: | ***H. bistriatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Hesperoburhinus bistriatus***
(Wagler, 1829) | |
|
|  | |
| range (year-round resident) | |


title: Double-stranded RNA viruses

abstract: Double-stranded RNA viruses are a polyphyletic group of viruses that have double-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid. The double-stranded genome is used as a template by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) to transcribe a positive-strand RNA functioning as messenger RNA (mRNA) for the host cell's ribosomes, which translate it into viral proteins. The positive-strand RNA can also be replicated by the RdRp to create a new double-stranded viral genome. A distinguishing feature of the dsRNA viruses is their ability to carry out transcription of the dsRNA segments within the capsid, and the required enzymes are part of the virion structure. Double-stranded RNA viruses are classified into two phyla, Duplornaviricota and Pisuviricota, in the kingdom Orthornavirae and realm Riboviria. The two phyla do not share a common dsRNA virus ancestor, but evolved their double strands two separate times from positive-strand RNA viruses. In the Baltimore classification system, dsRNA viruses belong to Group III. Virus group members vary widely in host range, genome segment number, and virion organization. Double-stranded RNA viruses include the rotaviruses, known globally as a common cause of gastroenteritis in young children, and bluetongue virus, an economically significant pathogen of cattle and sheep. The family Reoviridae is the largest and most diverse dsRNA virus family in terms of host range.

text:
# Double-stranded RNA viruses

**Double-stranded RNA viruses** (**dsRNA viruses**) are a polyphyletic group of viruses that have double-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid. The double-stranded genome is used as a template by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) to transcribe a positive-strand RNA functioning as messenger RNA (mRNA) for the host cell's ribosomes, which translate it into viral proteins. The positive-strand RNA can also be replicated by the RdRp to create a new double-stranded viral genome.

A distinguishing feature of the dsRNA viruses is their ability to carry out transcription of the dsRNA segments within the capsid, and the required enzymes are part of the virion structure.

Double-stranded RNA viruses are classified into two phyla, *Duplornaviricota* and *Pisuviricota* (specifically class *Duplopiviricetes*), in the kingdom *Orthornavirae* and realm *Riboviria*. The two phyla do not share a common dsRNA virus ancestor, but evolved their double strands two separate times from positive-strand RNA viruses. In the Baltimore classification system, dsRNA viruses belong to Group III.

Virus group members vary widely in host range (animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria), genome segment number (one to twelve), and virion organization (T-number, capsid layers, or turrets). Double-stranded RNA viruses include the rotaviruses, known globally as a common cause of gastroenteritis in young children, and bluetongue virus, an economically significant pathogen of cattle and sheep. The family *Reoviridae* is the largest and most diverse dsRNA virus family in terms of host range.

## Classification

Two clades of dsRNA viruses exist: the phylum *Duplornaviricota* and the class *Duplopiviricetes*, which is in the phylum *Pisuviricota*. Both are included in the kingdom *Orthornavirae* in the realm *Riboviria*. Based on phylogenetic analysis of RdRp, the two clades do not share a common dsRNA ancestor but are instead separately descended from different positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. In the Baltimore classification system, which groups viruses together based on their manner of mRNA synthesis, dsRNA viruses are group III.

### *Duplornaviricota*

*Duplornaviricota* contains most dsRNA viruses, including reoviruses, which infect a diverse range of eukaryotes, and cystoviruses, which are the only dsRNA viruses known to infect prokaryotes. Apart from RdRp, viruses in *Duplornaviricota* also share icosahedral capsids that contain 60 homo- or heterodimers of the capsid protein organized on a pseudo T=2 lattice. The phylum is divided into three classes: *Chrymotiviricetes*, which primarily contains fungal and protozoan viruses, *Resentoviricetes*, which contains reoviruses, and *Vidaverviricetes*, which contains cystoviruses.

### *Duplopiviricetes*

The class *Duplopiviricetes* is the second clade of dsRNA viruses and is in the phylum *Pisuviricota*, which also contains positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. *Duplopiviricetes* mostly contains plant and fungal viruses and includes the following four families: *Amalgaviridae*, *Hypoviridae*, *Partitiviridae*, and *Picobirnaviridae*.

## Notes on selected species

### Reoviridae

*Reoviridae* are currently classified into nine genera. The genomes of these viruses consist of 10 to 12 segments of dsRNA, each generally encoding one protein. The mature virions are non-enveloped. Their capsids, formed by multiple proteins, have icosahedral symmetry and are arranged generally in concentric layers.

#### Orthoreoviruses

The orthoreoviruses (reoviruses) are the prototypic members of the virus *Reoviridae* family and representative of the turreted members, which comprise about half the genera. Like other members of the family, the reoviruses are non-enveloped and characterized by concentric capsid shells that encapsidate a segmented dsRNA genome. In particular, reovirus has eight structural proteins and ten segments of dsRNA. A series of uncoating steps and conformational changes accompany cell entry and replication. High-resolution structures are known for almost all of the proteins of mammalian reovirus (MRV), which is the best-studied genotype. Electron cryo-microscopy (cryoEM) and X-ray crystallography have provided a wealth of structural information about two specific MRV strains, type 1 Lang (T1L) and type 3 Dearing (T3D).

#### Cypovirus

The cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses (CPVs) form the genus Cypovirus of the family *Reoviridae*. CPVs are classified into 14 species based on the electrophoretic migration profiles of their genome segments. Cypovirus has only a single capsid shell, which is similar to the orthoreovirus inner core. CPV exhibits striking capsid stability and is fully capable of endogenous RNA transcription and processing. The overall folds of CPV proteins are similar to those of other reoviruses. However, CPV proteins have insertional domains and unique structures that contribute to their extensive intermolecular interactions. The CPV turret protein contains two methylase domains with a highly conserved helix-pair/β-sheet/helix-pair sandwich fold but lacks the β-barrel flap present in orthoreovirus λ2. The stacking of turret protein functional domains and the presence of constrictions and A spikes along the mRNA release pathway indicate a mechanism that uses pores and channels to regulate the highly coordinated steps of RNA transcription, processing, and release.

#### Rotavirus

Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. This virus contains a dsRNA genome and is a member of the *Reoviridae* family. The genome of rotavirus consists of eleven segments of dsRNA. Each genome segment codes for one protein with the exception of segment 11, which codes for two proteins. Among the twelve proteins, six are structural and six are non-structural proteins. It is a double-stranded RNA non-enveloped virus.

#### Bluetongue virus

The members of genus *Orbivirus* within the *Reoviridae* family are arthropod borne viruses and are responsible for high morbidity and mortality in ruminants. Bluetongue virus (BTV) which causes disease in livestock (sheep, goat, cattle) has been in the forefront of molecular studies for the last three decades and now represents the best understood orbivirus at the molecular and structural levels. BTV, like other members of the family, is a complex non-enveloped virus with seven structural proteins and a RNA genome consisting of 10 variously sized dsRNA segments.

#### Phytoreoviruses

Phytoreoviruses are non-turreted reoviruses that are major agricultural pathogens, particularly in Asia. One member of this family, Rice Dwarf Virus (RDV), has been extensively studied by electron cryomicroscopy and x-ray crystallography. From these analyses, atomic models of the capsid proteins and a plausible model for capsid assembly have been derived. While the structural proteins of RDV share no sequence similarity to other proteins, their folds and the overall capsid structure are similar to those of other *Reoviridae*.

### *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* virus L-A

The L-A dsRNA virus of the yeast *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* has a single 4.6 kb genomic segment that encodes its major coat protein, Gag (76 kDa) and a Gag-Pol fusion protein (180 kDa) formed by a -1 ribosomal frameshift. L-A can support the replication and encapsidation in separate viral particles of any of several satellite dsRNAs, called M dsRNAs, each of which encodes a secreted protein toxin (the killer toxin) and immunity to that toxin. L-A and M are transmitted from cell to cell by the cytoplasmic mixing that occurs in the process of mating. Neither is naturally released from the cell or enters cells by other mechanisms, but the high frequency of yeast mating in nature results in the wide distribution of these viruses in natural isolates. Moreover, the structural and functional similarities with dsRNA viruses of mammals has made it useful to consider these entities as viruses.

### Infectious bursal disease virus

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is the best-characterized member of the family *Birnaviridae*. These viruses have bipartite dsRNA genomes enclosed in single layered icosahedral capsids with *T* = 13l geometry. IBDV shares functional strategies and structural features with many other icosahedral dsRNA viruses, except that it lacks the *T* = 1 (or pseudo *T* = 2) core common to the *Reoviridae*, *Cystoviridae*, and *Totiviridae*. The IBDV capsid protein exhibits structural domains that show homology to those of the capsid proteins of some positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, such as the nodaviruses and tetraviruses, as well as the *T* = 13 capsid shell protein of the *Reoviridae*. The *T* = 13 shell of the IBDV capsid is formed by trimers of VP2, a protein generated by removal of the C-terminal domain from its precursor, pVP2. The trimming of pVP2 is performed on immature particles as part of the maturation process. The other major structural protein, VP3, is a multifunctional component lying under the *T* = 13 shell that influences the inherent structural polymorphism of pVP2. The virus-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, VP1, is incorporated into the capsid through its association with VP3. VP3 also interacts extensively with the viral dsRNA genome.

### Bacteriophage Φ6

Bacteriophage Φ6, is a member of the *Cystoviridae* family. It infects *Pseudomonas* bacteria (typically plant-pathogenic *P. syringae*). It has a three-part, segmented, double-stranded RNA genome, totalling ~13.5 kb in length. Φ6 and its relatives have a lipid membrane around their nucleocapsid, a rare trait among bacteriophages. It is a lytic phage, though under certain circumstances has been observed to display a delay in lysis which may be described as a "carrier state".

## Anti-virals

Since cells do not produce double-stranded RNA during normal nucleic acid metabolism, natural selection has favored the evolution of enzymes that destroy dsRNA on contact. The best known class of this type of enzymes is Dicer. It is hoped that broad-spectrum anti-virals could be synthesized that take advantage of this vulnerability of double-stranded RNA viruses.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Double-stranded RNA virus | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Electron micrograph of rotaviruses. The bar = 100 nm | |
|
| Virus classification | |
| Group: | Group III (dsRNA) |
|
| Kingdom: Phylum: Class | |
|  | |


title: Dorstone Castle

abstract: Dorstone Castle was in the village of Dorstone in Herefordshire, England, located 6 miles to the east of Hay-on-Wye.

text:
# Dorstone Castle

**Dorstone Castle** was in the village of Dorstone in Herefordshire, England, located 6 miles to the east of Hay-on-Wye.

## Motte and bailey

This was a motte-and-bailey castle which probably originated in the 12th century when the site was held by the de Sollers family.

## Strengthened against Owain

In 1403 Henry IV entrusted the castle to Sir Walter Fitzwalter, related to Baron FitzWalter, and asked him to strengthen it against likely raids by Welsh forces of Owain Glyndŵr.

After this time Dorstone Castle changed hands several times. Lady Fitzwalter died about 1422, and afterwards the castle belonged to Richard de la Mare of the de la Mare family and was then owned by the Lysters who sold it to Morgan Aubrey. It was then purchased by the Cornewall family of nearby Moccas Court in 1780.

Only the earthworks now remain.

* Dorstone Castle
* Fry, Plantagenet Somerset, *The David & Charles Book of Castles*, David & Charles, 1980. ISBN 0-7153-7976-3

52°04′07″N 3°00′18″W / 52.06848°N 3.00511°W / 52.06848; -3.00511


title: The Presumption of Justice

abstract: The Presumption of Justice is a 2012 documentary film, directed by Boris Malagurski and Ivana Rajović, it deals with the September 2009 murder of Brice Taton, a fan of Toulouse FC, who travelled to Belgrade, Serbia in order to support his club in its UEFA Europa League away match versus FK Partizan. The film focuses on the subsequent court case in Serbia which, resulted in a dozen FK Partizan fans being convicted of the crime. It argues that the handling of the case was negligent at both its investigative and trial stages, resulting in a miscarriage of justice in the case of Stefan Veličković, one of the 12 convicted fans.

text:
# The Presumption of Justice

***The Presumption of Justice*** is a 2012 documentary film, directed by Boris Malagurski and Ivana Rajović, it deals with the September 2009 murder of Brice Taton, a fan of Toulouse FC, who travelled to Belgrade, Serbia in order to support his club in its UEFA Europa League away match versus FK Partizan. The film focuses on the subsequent court case in Serbia which, resulted in a dozen FK Partizan fans being convicted of the crime. It argues that the handling of the case was negligent at both its investigative and trial stages, resulting in a miscarriage of justice in the case of Stefan Veličković, one of the 12 convicted fans.

## Synopsis

The film focuses on an incident in which French football fan Brice Taton died in Belgrade, and which led to 12 young people being sentenced to a total of 115 years of prison. On September 17, 2009, a fight broke out on Obilićev venac Square when Partizan fans attacked several Toulouse fans, which - the film claims - led to Brice Taton falling off a ledge and dying in a hospital ten days later. According to the director Ivana Rajović, one of the Partizan fans, Stefan Veličković, couldn't have been a part of the fight, because he was getting a traffic violation ticket in Makedonska street several blocks away at the time the fight was taking place. In spite of Stefan having an alibi, he was sentenced to seven years in prison.

The film chronicles several alleged inconsistencies between the statements of the accused and the court findings in the case, analyzing whether Taton was thrown off a ledge or had fallen while running away from the fight.

The film alleges the trial was finished with record speed, and that the verdict didn't explain what happened that day, since none of the evidence provided answers to how Brice Taton fell off the ledge. The film comes to the conclusion that the media and state and legal institutions misrepresented the case, and attempts to explain why this happened.

## Release

### Theatrical

The film premiered in Belgrade on June 29, 2012, with subsequent showings in Subotica, Novi Sad, Niš, Bačka Palanka, Zrenjanin, Pančevo, Sremski Karlovci, Nova Pazova and other cities.

While promoting his film, Malagurski stated that the Serbian media coverage of the case, specifically instances of the suspects being referred to as the "murderers who need to be punished severely" before the trial even began, whipped up the mass sentiments for political ends and created a societal atmosphere not conducive to determining facts and carrying out justice. He called the court case itself "the biggest disgrace of the Serbian justice system".

### Television

The film had its broadcasting premiere in April 2013 as a part of Malagurski's TV show on Happy TV, which also featured an interview with an alleged witness, Dragan Crepulja, who was not called to testify. In the interview, Crepulja claimed that he "saw it when the now deceased Taton fell, there was nobody next to him, not on the stairs, not by his side... I was two metres close to Taton when he fell, I immediately looked around, up and down, there was no one there, I can confirm that. I told this to the police officers who came."

## Threats controversy

In September 2012, the film's co-directors Boris Malagurski and Ivana Rajović filed a criminal investigation request with the Belgrade public prosecutor's office against 12 members of the Parapsihopatologija internet message board for alleged "organized threats to their life and personal and professional safety", made under online forum nicknames after the premiere of *The Presumption of Justice*. Upon investigation that began in July 2013, three of the 12 individuals (Rastislav Dinić, Nemanja Poleksić, and Marko Nikolić), whose real-life identities were determined via local internet providers, were charged by the Belgrade prosecutor's office. In March 2014, Dinić, Poleksić, and Nikolić were found guilty by the Higher Court in Belgrade, each being sentenced to a year in prison, suspended for 3 years of probation. After the court decision was declared, it was criticized by Milica Jovanović and Dario Hajrić writing on Peščanik as well as Jovana Gligorijević writing in *Vreme*. They opined that Dinić's, Poleksić's, and Nikolić's online remarks didn't constitute threats but merely insults while Gligorijević further criticized various aspects of the production and financing of *The Presumption of Justice*.

Malagurski's response to Gligorijević's piece was published in *Vreme* in early April 2014, disputing Gligorijević's claims about the movie's production and financing. A few days later, a piece by Malagurski was published in *Nova srpska politička misao*, criticizing what he saw to be a tendency on the part of the Serbian politicians and media outlets that otherwise consider themselves to be liberal, civic-minded, and to be espousing Western values to characterize him as a "crybaby" over his decision to file a criminal investigation request for receiving online threats. In a *Politika* op-ed, historian Čedomir Antić criticized those in the Serbian public whose criticism of Malagurski was based on his decision to file a criminal investigation request for receiving online threats. Antić also criticized the then VP of the Government of Vojvodina Goran Ješić for saying that Ješić, as Antić quoted Ješić's Twitter comment, "endorses everything they wrote", noting that their online remarks included threats of "explaining some things to Malagurski with a metal rod on his face", "closing one or both of Malagurski's eyes", and "advocating sexual violence against Malagurski and Rajović".

## Interviewees

## InfoBox

| The Presumption of Justice | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Boris Malagurski
Ivana Rajović |
| Screenplay by | Boris Malagurski
Ivana Rajović |
| Produced by | Boris Malagurski |
| Production
company | Malagurski Cinema |
| Release date | * 29 June 2012 (2012-06-29) (Serbia) |
| Running time | 41 minutes |
| Country | Serbia |
| Languages | English, Serbian, French |


abstract: This is a list of notable events in the timeline of digital audio broadcasting in the UK.

text:
# Timeline of digital audio broadcasting in the UK

This is a list of notable events in the **timeline of digital audio broadcasting in the UK**.

## 1990s

* **1991**
    + No events.

* **1992**
    + No events.

* **1993**
    + No events.

* **1994**
    + No events.

* **1996**
    + The Broadcasting Act of 1996 allows the introduction of national, regional and local commercial ensembles in the United Kingdom.

* **1997**
    + The first in-car DAB radios go on sale, at a cost of around £800.

* **1998**
    + 24 March – The Radio Authority advertises the first national commercial DAB multiplex. The Authority stipulates that the three analogue Independent National Radio stations will have a guaranteed berth on the multiplex. The licence is awarded to the sole applicant, GWR Group and NTL Broadcast, to operate as Digital One.
    + 1 October – Sky Digital launches and the new service carries a range of audio channels, including a number of radio stations. However rival digital television platform OnDigital does not carry any radio services when it launches a few weeks later.

* **1999**
    + 10 May – The Radio Authority licenses the first local DAB multiplex. It for the Birmingham ensemble and is licensed to CE Digital. Each local multiplex operator has to carry the area's BBC Local Radio station. However, the same guarantee is not given for the area's analogue commercial stations. The Birmingham ensemble licence award is followed by awards for licences in Manchester, Greater London, Glasgow and South Yorkshire.
    + 15 November – Britain's first national commercial DAB digital radio multiplex, Digital One, goes on air to England, and parts of Scotland and Wales. The stations carried at launch include the three national commercial AM/FM services – Classic FM, Virgin Radio (now Absolute) and Talk Radio UK (now Talksport) – along with two new digital-first stations – fresh pop service Core and adult classic rock station Planet Rock, both then under the ownership of Classic FM's then parent (and Digital One shareholder) GWR Group. Digital One would extend its station lineup and transmission area over subsequent years, and became available to Northern Ireland from 2013 (following the completion of digital television switchover in the UK and Republic of Ireland the prior autumn).

## 2000s

* **2001**
    + Digital News Network launches to provide rolling news for the regional DAB multiplexes then licensed in England and Wales.

* **2003**
    + 1 January – A station named The Hits, carrying the audio of the Box Plus Network television channel of the same name, appears on DAB in London.
    + 14 February – BBC Radio 1, Radio 2, Radio 3 and Radio 4 FM start broadcasting on Freeview. They broadcast on multiplex A as there is not enough room for them on multiplex B, on which the other BBC stations are carried.
    + 1 April – The Hits on DAB switches away from the TV audio and becomes a dedicated radio stream, playing contemporary pop hits.
    + 1 July – The rolling news service on Digital One, provided by ITN, stops broadcasting.
    + 6 December – Bloomberg stops broadcasting on Digital One.

* **2004**
    + April – The Hits is removed from Emap's local DAB multiplexes in favour of Kerrang! Radio.
    + 1 May – KMFM Extra begins broadcasting across Kent.

* **2005**
    + Chill begins broadcasting.

* **2006**
    + 2 June – Primetime Radio closes after six years on air.
    + 10 July – Yorkshire Radio begins broadcasting.
    + August – Digital News Network is absorbed into LBC by the then sole owner Chrysalis and LBC is now heard on the MXR regional multiplexes. The service is reduced and moved from its Birmingham home and into Chrysalis London. Regional news bulletins on DAB continue until the end of 2008.
    + December – Ofcom begins advertising local DAB multiplexes as many areas of the UK still did not have a local multiplex, with the first to cover Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire. These are the first new multiplexes to be offered since Ofcom took over as regulator of radio in the UK at the end of 2003 and ten further areas were advertised during 2007. However these multiplexes did not launch until the early 2010s.
    + 25 December – theJazz begins broadcasting on Digital One.

* **2008**
    + 11 January –
    + 12 January – The Forces Station BFBS begins a trial period of broadcasting nationwide across the UK on DAB from midnight. The trial ran until 23:59 on 31 March 2008, and audience research carried out during this time concluded that it was successful. BFBS subsequently returned to DAB Digital Radio on a permanent basis.
    + 31 March – Following its decision to exit digital broadcasting, GCap closes theJazz and Capital Life. To compensate, for the next few months, two hours of jazz music are broadcast each night on Classic FM.
    + 4 April – Virgin Radio Groove closes after eight years on air.
    + 6 May – Freesat launches and carries all the BBC's national and regional digital radio stations as well as BBC London 94.9 from day one.
    + 11 October – The closure of Channel 4 Radio is announced.

## 2010s

* **2011**
    + 1 November – GMG Radio launches a dedicated station playing nothing but Christmas music, under the brand "Smooth Christmas". The station had no news or advertisements but did promote Smooth Radio and broadcast until 27 December 2011.
    + 22 November – Absolute Radio 60s launches, followed one week later by the launch of Absolute Radio 70s.
    + 23 December – GMG Radio confirms plans to launch a station dedicated to music from the 1970s on trial basis and four days later Smooth 70s replaces *Smooth Christmas* on the Digital One platform.

* **2012**
    + 15 May – Amazing Radio leaves the DAB multiplex after a contractual dispute with Digital One owners Arqiva, but continues to broadcast online.
    + 25 June – KMFM Extra closes and is replaced on DAB by the new-countywide KMFM.
    + 27 July-12 August – The 2012 Summer Olympics take place and BBC Radio 5 Live operates a temporary station – *5 Live Olympics Extra* – to provide additional coverage of the Games.
    + 25 September – It is announced that the MXR multiplexes will close between July and September 2013 after the shareholders Global Radio &and Arqiva decided not to renew the licences. Digital Radio UK stated that the released frequencies of the closed regional multiplexes will be reused for local DAB coverage roll-out.
    + 30 October – Smooth Radio confirms that Smooth Christmas will return, airing on the Digital One multiplex in the lead up to the festive season, giving the brand three stations on the platform. It launches two days later.
    + 27 December – Kiss 100 launches on the Digital One national DAB multiplex.

* **2014**
    + 1 January – Jazz FM stops broadcasting on the Digital One multiplex, but continues to be available on DAB in London, online and through satellite television. Its Digital One slot is temporarily taken over by the return of Birdsong Radio, with plans for a permanent replacement in February.
    + May – The BBC broadcasts a pop-up digital radio service BBC Radio 2 Eurovision to extend the BBC's coverage of the Eurovision Song Contest. Returned in 2015 to provide coverage of the 2015 contest.
    + 15 November – Smooth Christmas returns to DAB in preparation for the launch of a new station with the Smooth brand.
    + 12 December – Kisstory and KissFresh start broadcasting on DAB for the first time when the appear on the Greater London I DAB multiplex. The stations had launched in May 2013 on Freeview
    + 27 December – Launch of Smooth Extra on DAB.

* **2015**
    + 5 January –
    + January – Kisstory launches on many more local multiplexes across the UK.
    + 19 January – The Hits is split into a network of fresh-hits DAB stations in Bauer's heritage areas - Bauer City 3 \- with split localised news, branding and advertising, and shared programme content. This programming also remains available nationally on Freeview under The Hits Radio name. The Hits is removed from DAB in London and Birmingham, the Birmingham space going to Kisstory (then to KissFresh after Kisstory's move to Sound Digital in 2016).
    + 3 February – Ofcom announces that two bids have been received for the second national digital multiplex.
    + 5–8 March – BBC Radio 2 launches its second pop-up station – BBC Radio 2 Country to cover the annual C2C: Country to Country festival. The station returned to cover the 2016 and 2017 event.
    + 27 March – The Sound Digital consortium, which includes UTV Media, wins the licence to launch the Digital Two network in 2016. UTV Media will launch four new stations on the platform.
    + 29 June – The last of the five regional multiplexes in England and wales - Yorkshire - closes down. The previous four regional multiplexes had closed in 2013. The regional multiplex covering Central Scotland continues to operate.
    + 31 July – The first of ten multiplexes trialling small-scale DAB multiplexes launches in Brighton. Initially a nine-month trial, the multiplexes extended to March 2020 by Ofcom at the request of the Department of Culture, Media and Sport.
    + 21 September – XFM is relaunched as a national digital station called Radio X on 21 September.

* **2016**
    + 29 February –
        - The UK's second national commercial multiplex starts broadcasting. However, only 73% of the UK's population is able to receive it. Two of the stations - Fun Kids and Jazz FM broadcast via the newer DAB+ format.
        - Absolute 80s and Planet Rock switch from Digital One to the new multiplex although they continue to broadcast on Digital One until the end of April.
        - Heart Extra launches on Digital One.
        - Jazz FM is made available nationally as a digital station again after leaving the national DAB multiplex at the end of 2013.
    + 15 March – Mellow Magic and Talksport 2 begin broadcasting on the Sound Digital multiplex. They are joined on the multiplex on 21 March by Talkradio, on the 27th by Premier Praise, on the 28th by Magic Chilled and on the 30th by Virgin Radio.
    + April – BBC Radio 2 broadcasts its third pop-up station – BBC Radio 2 50s.
    + 1 May – Following the transfer of Kisstory to the semi-national Sound Digital multiplex, KissFresh takes over some of the local slots vacated by Kisstory.
    + Spring – Magic broadcasts a temporary pop-up service called *Magic ABBA*, run as a commercial partnership with *Mamma Mia!: the Musical* It is replaced by *Magic Summer Soul*. Initially intended as another short-term pop-up, the station becomes permanent in the autumn and is renamed Magic Soul.
    + 9 September – UnionJack launches on the Sound Digital multiplex.

* **2017**
    + 19 January – The Armed Forces radio station BFBS announces it will cease broadcasting on the Digital One platform from March because of the cost of transmitting content through DAB.
    + 14 March – Heart 80s begins broadcasting on Digital One.
    + March – The small-scale Brighton multiplex becomes the UK's first multiplex to only broadcast via the newer DAB+ format.
    + 10 July – KissFresh launches nationally on the Digital One multiplex. Its schedule and playlist is refreshed to differentiate it from the main Kiss station.
    + 29 August – Awesome Radio stops broadcasting on the Sound Digital multiplex.
    + 1 September – The Bauer City 3 network is disbanded, and The Hits as a single national service returns to DAB in its place.
    + 18 September – The fourth roll-out of 164 new transmitters of the BBC National DAB multiplex is completed. The programme, which had run for the past two years, increased the reach from 93% to more than 97% of the UK's population.
    + 28-30 September – As part of Radio 1's 50th birthday celebrations, the BBC operates a three-day pop-up station *Radio 1 Vintage* celebrating the station's presenters.

* **2018**
    + 24 January – BFBS returns to semi-national DAB broadcasting when it launches on the Sound Digital multiplex.
    + 15 May – Sound Digital announces that it will add 19 transmitters to its network. They will launch in the South West, East Anglia, Wales and North of Scotland and will increase Sound Digital's coverage by nearly 4 million new listeners in more than 1.6m new households.
    + 22 December – Virgin Radio Anthems and Virgin Radio Chilled launch on the Sound Digital multiplex.

## 2020s

* **2020**
    + 12 March – Global closes the national digital stations Heart Extra and Smooth Extra, replacing these on Digital One with Heart UK and Smooth UK, which share all programming content with the London stations. Capital UK on Digital One switches to DAB+ at the same time.
    + March – The ten licenses trialling small-scale DAB multiplexes are extended again, this time until December 2021.
    + 8 April – Smooth Chill launches on Digital One.
    + 29 June – Times Radio launches on Sound Digital.
    + 11 December – Union JACK Rock and Union JACK Dance launch on Sound Digital. They replace JACK Radio on the multiplex.

* **2021**
    + 12 March – Boom Radio becomes available nationally on the Sound Digital multiplex, having initially launched on some local DAB platforms and online.
    + 1 August - Digital radio broadcasts roll out in the crown dependencies of the Channel Islands following the launch of a local DAB multiplex for the Channel Islands. All stations broadcast on DAB+, and this is the first local multiplex whose entire station line-up is only broadcast in the DAB+ standard.
    + 29 November – The first permanent small-scale DAB multiplex launches, covering Tynemouth and North Shields.
    + 21 December – GB News Radio appears on the Digital One platform ahead of a planned launch of 4 January 2022. The service will be a simulcast of the GB News TV channel.

* **2023**
    + 13 February – Capital Chill launches on the Sound Digital multiplex, and becomes the fifth Capital-branded station.
    + 16 February – Radio X Classic Rock launches on the Sound Digital multiplex.
    + September – Fun Kids is to leave the national Sound Digital multiplex after seven years, and will instead join a series of local multiplexes.
    + 26 September – Bauer announces that it is switching its stations which broadcast on the Sound Digital multiplex to the DAB+ format to make way for the launch seven more stations - - Absolute Radio Country, Absolute Classic Rock, Kerrang!, heat, Magic Chilled, Magic Soul, and Magic at the Musicals. The changes will happen later in the autumn.

* **2024**
    + 2 January - Classic FM switches from DAB to DAB+.
    + 8 January – Smooth Relax, launches. The station occupies the space on Digital One which had become available following the conversion of Classic FM to DAB+.
    + 7 February – The BBC announces plans to launch four new radio stations on DAB+, including a Radio 2 spin-off playing music from the 1950s, 60s and 70s, and a Radio 1 spin-off playing music from the past two decades.
    + 8 February – Nearly 15 years after launching on DAB, Classic FM finally becomes available via digital radio in the Channel Islands. LBC also launches in the Channel islands at the same time.
    + 12 September – Global launches Smooth 80s and Capital Anthems on the Sound Digital multiplex.


title: St Morhaiarn's Church, Gwalchmai

abstract: St Morhaiarn's Church is a medieval church in the village of Gwalchmai in Anglesey, Wales. The building dates from the 14th century and underwent extensive renovations in 1845 by Reverend J. Wynne Jones. It was designated a Grade II*-listed building on 4 May 1971.

text:
# St Morhaiarn's Church, Gwalchmai

**St Morhaiarn's Church** is a medieval church in the village of Gwalchmai in Anglesey, Wales. The building dates from the 14th century and underwent extensive renovations in 1845 by Reverend J. Wynne Jones. It was designated a Grade II\*-listed building on 4 May 1971.

53°15′27″N 4°24′51″W / 53.2575°N 4.4143°W / 53.2575; -4.4143

## InfoBox

| St Morhaiarn's Church | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| St Morhaiarn's Church | |
| Country | Wales, United Kingdom |
| Denomination | Church in Wales |
| Architecture | |
| Heritage designation | Grade II\* |
| Designated | 4 May 1971 |
| Architectural type | Church |
| Style | Medieval |


title: Solidarity Trade Union of Myanmar

abstract: The Solidarity Trade Union of Myanmar (STUM) is a trade union in Myanmar.

text:
# Solidarity Trade Union of Myanmar

The **Solidarity Trade Union of Myanmar** (**STUM**) is a trade union in Myanmar.

## History

STUM was established in 2016 by female workers dissatisfied with the male domination of the Myanmar Trade Union Federation, one of several such cases in Myanmar at the time.

Following the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, STUM took part in the ensuing protests. On April 15, the military government arrested STUM leader Myo Myo Aye, together with at least 35 other opposition figures on that day, leading to international condemnation. She was released again on October 25.

## InfoBox

STUM
| Solidarity Trade Union of Myanmar | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 2016 |
| Location |  |
| Key people | Myo Myo Aye |
| Website | www.facebook.com/STUMMyanmar |


title: Ceruchus

abstract: Ceruchus is a genus of stag beetles in the family Lucanidae. There are about 19 described species in Ceruchus.

text:
# Ceruchus

***Ceruchus*** is a genus of stag beetles in the family Lucanidae. There are about 19 described species in *Ceruchus*.

## Species

These 19 species belong to the genus *Ceruchus*:

## Further reading

* Media related to Ceruchus at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| *Ceruchus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Ceruchus chrysomelinus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Lucanidae |
| Subfamily: | Syndesinae |
| Genus: | *Ceruchus*<br>MacLeay, 1819 |
|


title: Vanessa Zachos

abstract: Vanessa Zachos is an English film and television actress from South African mixed heritage. She has appeared on American television as well as in international feature films opposite leading actors, including Ron Howard's BAFTA-nominated Rush. Zachos was cast in a principal role opposite Chris Hemsworth in Ron Howards BAFTA nominated film Rush where she worked alongside Chris Hemsworth and Daniel Brühl. She appeared in her first guest star role on American television in an episode of J. J. Abrams award-winning TV series Fringe directed by P. J. Pesce for FOX Broadcasting Company. She portrays Anita Halina Janowska in the documentary film Rebel of the Keys and made her first European television appearance in Der Andere on the Austrian Broadcasting Corporation.

text:
# Vanessa Zachos

**Vanessa Zachos** (born 3 May) is an English film and television actress from South African mixed heritage. She has appeared on American television as well as in international feature films opposite leading actors, including Ron Howard's BAFTA-nominated Rush.

Zachos was cast in a principal role opposite Chris Hemsworth in Ron Howards BAFTA nominated film Rush where she worked alongside Chris Hemsworth and Daniel Brühl. She appeared in her first guest star role on American television in an episode of J. J. Abrams award-winning TV series Fringe directed by P. J. Pesce for FOX Broadcasting Company. She portrays Anita Halina Janowska in the documentary film *Rebel of the Keys* and made her first European television appearance in Der Andere on the Austrian Broadcasting Corporation.

## InfoBox

| Vanessa Zachos | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Vanessa Zachos |
| Occupation | actress |
| Years active | 2008present |


title: Bobigny–Pablo Picasso station

abstract: Bobigny–Pablo Picasso is the northern terminus of Line 5 of the Paris Métro, as well as a stop on Île-de-France tramway Line 1. Also, it will be a station on Paris Metro Line 15 in the future. The metro station was opened in 1985, followed by the tram stop seven years later. The name refers to the commune of Bobigny and to Rue Pablo Picasso, named after the Spanish modern artist Pablo Picasso. In 2013, the station was used by 7,135,266 passengers, which makes it the 38th busiest of the Métro network, out of 302 stations. In 2020, the station was used by 4,752,569 passengers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the 20th busiest of the Métro network, out of 305 stations.

text:
# Bobigny–Pablo Picasso station

**Bobigny–Pablo Picasso** (French pronunciation: \[bɔbiɲi pablo pikaso\]) is the northern terminus of Line 5 of the Paris Métro, as well as a stop on Île-de-France tramway Line 1. Also, it will be a station on Paris Metro Line 15 in the future. The metro station was opened in 1985, followed by the tram stop seven years later.

The name refers to the commune of Bobigny and to Rue Pablo Picasso, named after the Spanish modern artist Pablo Picasso. In 2013, the station was used by 7,135,266 passengers, which makes it the 38th busiest of the Métro network, out of 302 stations.

In 2020, the station was used by 4,752,569 passengers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the 20th busiest of the Métro network, out of 305 stations.

## Passenger services

### Access

The station has 4 entrances:

* Access 1: Hôtel de Ville
* Access 2: Palais de Justice
* Access 3: Rue Carnot
* Access 4: Prefecture

### Station layout

| **B1** | Mezzanine |
| --- | --- |

| **Line 5 platforms** | Southbound | toward Place d'Italie (Bobigny–Pantin–Raymond Queneau) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | Island platform, doors will open on the left, right | |
| | Southbound | toward Place d'Italie (Bobigny–Pantin–Raymond Queneau) |
| | Northbound | Alighting passengers only → |
| | Side platform, doors will open on the right | |

### Platforms

The station has, as does Porte de Pantin located on the same line, a particular arrangement specific to the stations serving or had served as a terminus. It has three tracks and two platforms. The side platform serves as the arrival platform while the island platform serves as the departure platform. The walls are flush with the platforms and are vertical, with the roof of the station being straight without metal panels, unlike other stations on the network.

A turnback exists 160 meters beyond the station under the rue Pablo-Picasso to allow for trains to reverse due to its role as the terminus.

### Other connections

Since 6 July 1992, the station has been served by tramway T1, and before the extension to Noisy-le-Sec station on 15 December 2003, was its eastern terminus.

A bus station is located above the station and offers connections with lines 146, 148, 234, 251, 301, 303 and 322 of the RATP Bus Network, with lines 615 and 620 of the Transdev TRA bus network, with line 93 of the CIF bus network, with line 8 of the Trans Val de France bus network and, at night, with lines N13, N41, and N45 of the Noctilien network.

* Roland, Gérard (2003). *Stations de métro. D'Abbesses à Wagram.* Éditions Bonneton.

## InfoBox

| Bobigny–Pablo Picasso
*Préfecture–Hôtel du Département* | |
| --- | --- |
| MF 01 rolling stock at Bobigny–Pablo Picasso in 2022 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Rue Pablo Picasso × Boul. Maurice Thorez
Trésorerie Générale de la Seine–Saint-Denis
Gare Routière Bobigny — Pablo Picasso (five)
Bobigny
Île-de-France
France |
| Coordinates | 48°54′24″N 2°27′00″E / 48.906538°N 2.449994°E / 48.906538; 2.449994 |
| Owned by | RATP |
| Operated by | RATP |
| Line(s) |  |
| Platforms | 2 (1 island platform, 1 side platform) |
| Tracks | 3 |
| Other information | |
| Station code | 0312 |
| Fare zone | 1 |
| History | |
| Opened | 25 April 1985 (1985-04-25) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| 4,752,569 (2020) | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Paris Métro Following station  Bobigny–Pantin–Raymond Queneautowards Place d'Italie  Line 5  *Terminus* | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Bobigny–Pablo Picasso
*Préfecture–Hôtel du Département*Location within Paris and inner ring | |


title: Tim Whitmarsh

abstract: Timothy John Guy Whitmarsh, is a British classicist and Regius Professor of Greek at the University of Cambridge. He is best known for his work on the Greek literary culture of the Roman Empire, especially the Second Sophistic and the ancient Greek novel.

text:
# Tim Whitmarsh

**Timothy John Guy Whitmarsh**, FBA (born 23 January 1970) is a British classicist and Regius Professor of Greek at the University of Cambridge. He is best known for his work on the Greek literary culture of the Roman Empire, especially the Second Sophistic and the ancient Greek novel.

## Early life and education

Whitmarsh was born on 23 January 1970 in Chelmsford, Essex, England. He was educated at Moor Park School, a Catholic prep school near Ludlow, and at Malvern College, then an all-boys private school. He took his undergraduate degree and doctorate at the University of Cambridge.

## Academic career

From 2001 to 2007 he taught in the department of Classics and Ancient History at the University of Exeter where he remains an honorary fellow. He then served as E. P. Warren Praelector, Fellow and Tutor in Greek at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and Professor of Ancient Literatures at the University of Oxford.

In October 2014, he succeeded Paul Cartledge as the A. G. Leventis Professor of Greek Culture at the University of Cambridge. In 2022, he delivered the Gifford Lectures on *Religion and Ancient Mediterranean Thought* at the University of Aberdeen. In 2023, he became Regius Professor of Greek in Cambridge, succeeding Richard Hunter.

## *Classics Confidential*

Whitmarsh appears in the *Classics Confidential* series in conversation with various classical scholars:

## Publications

His publications include *Greek Literature and the Roman Empire: The Politics of Imitation*, *Ancient Greek Literature*, *The Second Sophistic*, and *Narrative and Identity in the Ancient Greek Novel: Returning Romance*, *Beyond the Second Sophistic: Adventures in Greek Postclassicism*.

* *Dirty Love: The Genealogy of the Ancient Greek Novel*. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
* *Battling the Gods: Atheism in the Ancient World*, Faber & Faber, 2016


title: The Royal Hunt of the Sun (film)

abstract: The Royal Hunt of the Sun is a 1969 British-American epic historical drama film based on the play of the same name by Peter Shaffer. It stars Robert Shaw as Francisco Pizarro and Christopher Plummer as the Inca Emperor Atahualpa. Plummer appeared in stage versions of the play before appearing in the film, which was shot in South America and Spain. The film and play are based on the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire by Pizarro in 1530.

text:
# The Royal Hunt of the Sun (film)

***The Royal Hunt of the Sun*** is a 1969 British-American epic historical drama film based on the play of the same name by Peter Shaffer. It stars Robert Shaw as Francisco Pizarro and Christopher Plummer as the Inca Emperor Atahualpa. Plummer appeared in stage versions of the play before appearing in the film, which was shot in South America and Spain. The film and play are based on the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire (now Peru) by Pizarro in 1530.

## Plot

With a small rag-tag band of soldiers, Francisco Pizarro enters the Inca Empire and captures its Emperor, Atahualpa. Pizarro promises to free him in return for a golden ransom, but later finds himself conflicted between his desire to conquer and his friendship for his captive.

## Cast

## Reception

The film has a rating of 56% on Rotten Tomatoes.

## Home media

*The Royal Hunt of the Sun* was released to DVD by Simitar Entertainment in 1997, and by CBS Home Entertainment on November 25, 2014, via its CBS MOD DVD-on-demand service.

## InfoBox

| The Royal Hunt of the Sun | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Irving Lerner |
| Screenplay by | Philip Yordan |
| Based on | *The Royal Hunt of the Sun*
by Peter Shaffer |
| Produced by | Robert Sisk |
| Starring |  |
| Edited by | Bill Lewthwaite |
| Music by | Marc Wilkinson |
| Production
companies | Cinema Center Films
Security Pictures |
| Distributed by | Rank Organization (Great Britain)
National General Pictures (United States) |
| Release date | * 6 October 1969 (1969-10-06) (United States) |
| Running time | 121 minutes |
| Countries | United Kingdom
United States |
| Language | English |