# Poland at the 2022 European Championships

Poland competed at the 2022 European Championships in Munich from August 11 to August 22, 2022.

## Medallists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Gold | Aleksandra Lisowska | Athletics | Women's marathon | 15 August |
| Gold | Aleksandra Mirosław | Sport climbing | Women's speed | 15 August |
| Gold | Wojciech Nowicki | Athletics | Men's hammer throw | 18 August |
| Gold | Karolina Naja
Anna Puławska | Canoeing | Women's K–2 500 metres | 20 August |
| Gold | Aleksander Kitewski
Arsen Śliwiński | Canoeing | Men's C–2 200 metres | 21 August |
| Gold | Pia Skrzyszowska | Athletics | Women's 100 metres hurdles | 21 August |
| Gold | Anna Puławska | Canoeing | Women's K-1 500 m | 21 August |
| Gold | Karolina Naja
Anna Puławska
Adrianna Kakol
Dominika Putto | Canoeing | Women's K-4 500 m | 21 August |
| Silver | Dominik Czaja
Mateusz Biskup
Mirosław Ziętarski
Fabian Barański | Rowing | Men's quadruple sculls | 13 August |
| Silver | Aleksandra Kałucka | Sport climbing | Women's speed | 15 August |
| Silver | Marcin Dzieński | Sport climbing | Men's speed | 15 August |
| Silver | Urszula Łoś | Cycling | Women's keirin | 16 August |
| Silver | Natalia Kaczmarek | Athletics | Women's 400 metres | 17 August |
| Silver | Ewa Różańska | Athletics | Women's hammer throw | 17 August |
| Silver | Adrianna Sułek | Athletics | Women's heptathlon | 18 August |
| Silver | Justyna Iskrzycka
Katarzyna Kołodziejczyk | Canoeing | Women's K–2 1000 metres | 19 August |
| Silver | Katarzyna Zdziebło | Athletics | Women's 20 kilometres walk | 20 August |
| Silver | Jakub Stepun
Bartosz Grabowski | Canoeing | Men's K–2 200 metres | 20 August |
| Silver | Anna Kiełbasińska
Iga Baumgart-Witan
Justyna Święty-Ersetic
Natalia Kaczmarek | Athletics | Women's 4 × 400 metres relay | 20 August |
| Silver | Mateusz Surwilo | Canoeing | Men's KL3 200 metres | 21 August |
| Silver | Justyna Iskrzycka | Canoeing | Women's K–1 1000 metres | 21 August |
| Silver | Dominika Putto
Katarzyna Kołodziejczyk | Canoeing | Women's K–2 200 metres | 21 August |
| Silver | Wiktor Głazunow
Tomasz Barniak | Canoeing | Men's C-2 500 metres | 21 August |
| Silver | Pia Skrzyszowska
Anna Kiełbasińska
Marika Popowicz-Drapała
Ewa Swoboda
Magdalena Stefanowicz
Martyna Kotwiła | Athletics | Women's 4 × 100 metres relay | 21 August |
| Bronze | Marlena Karwacka
Urszula Łoś
Nikola Sibiak | Cycling | Women's team sprint | 12 August |
| Bronze | Nikola Wielowska | Cycling | Women's scratch | 12 August |
| Bronze | Jolanta Majka
Michał Gadowski | Rowing | Mixed PR2 double sculls | 14 August |
| Bronze | Monika Jackiewicz
Katarzyna Jankowska
Aleksandra Lisowska
Angelika Mach
Izabela Paszkiewicz | Athletics | Women's marathon team | 15 August |
| Bronze | Natalia Kałucka | Sport climbing | Women's speed | 15 August |
| Bronze | Daria Pikulik | Cycling | Women's omnium | 15 August |
| Bronze | Anna Kiełbasińska | Athletics | Women's 400 metres | 17 August |
| Bronze | Karolina Bronowicz | Canoeing | Women's VL1 200 metres | 19 August |
| Bronze | Sofia Ennaoui | Athletics | Women's 1500 metres | 19 August |
| Bronze | Sylwia Szczerbińska
Julia Walczak | Canoeing | Women's C–2 500 metres | 20 August |
| Bronze | Marta Walczykiewicz | Canoeing | Women's K–1 200 metres | 20 August |
| Bronze | Oleksii Koliadych | Canoeing | Men's C–1 200 metres | 20 August |
| Bronze | Anna Wielgosz | Athletics | Women's 800 metres | 20 August |
| Bronze | Rafał Rosolski | Canoeing | Men's K-1 5000 metres | 21 August |
| Bronze | Adrian Brzeziński
Przemysław Słowikowski
Patryk Wykrota
Dominik Kopeć
Mateusz Siuda | Athletics | Men's 4 × 100 metres relay | 21 August |

## Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors in the Championships:

| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Athletics | 39 | 41 | 80 |
| Beach volleyball | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| Gymnastics (men and women) | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Canoe sprint | 17 | 15 | 32 |
| Cycling BMX | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Cycling mountain bike | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| Cycling road | 7 | 6 | 13 |
| Cycling track | 8 | 9 | 17 |
| Rowing | 15 | 9 | 24 |
| Sport climbing | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| Table tennis | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| Triathlon | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| Total | 104 | 99 | 203 |

## Athletics

Poland entered the following athletes.

Key * **Q** = Qualified for the next round
* **q** = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser *or*, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
* **NR** = National record
* **PB** = Personal best
* **SB** = Season best
* N/A = Round not applicable for the event

### Men

Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Dominik Kopeć | 100 m | 10.30 | 4 **Q** | 10.23 | 15 | Did not advance | |
| Przemysław Słowikowski | | 10.35 | 11 **Q** | 10.24 SB | 16 | Did not advance | |
| Adrian Brzeziński | | 10.46 | 15 | Did not advance | | | |
| Łukasz Żok | 200 m | 20.78 | 8 **Q** | 20.93 | 21 | Did not advance | |
| Patryk Wykrota | | 20.81 | 10 **q** | 22.84 | 23 | Did not advance | |
| Karol Zalewski | 400 m | Bye | | 45.52 | 5 **q** | 45.62 | 6 |
| Patryk Dobek | 800 m | 1:47.49 | 9 **Q** | 1:48.63 | 12 | Did not advance | |
| Mateusz Borkowski | | 1:47.74 | 19 | Did not advance | | | |
| Kacper Lewalski | | 1:48.43 | 29 | Did not advance | | | |
| Michał Rozmys | 1500 m | 3:37.36 | 1 **Q** |  | | 3:37.63 | 7 |
| Jakub Szymański | 110 m hurdles | 13.87 | 13 **Q** | 13.66 | 13 | Did not advance | |
| Damian Czykier | | Bye | | 13.99 | 22 | Did not advance | |
| Krzysztof Hołub | 400 m hurdles | 50.12 =PB | 11 | Did not advance | | | |
| Sebastian Urbaniak | | 50.69 | 16 | Did not advance | | | |
| Jakub Olejniczak | | 51.77 | 23 | Did not advance | | | |
| Adam Nowicki | Marathon |  | | | | 2:15:21 SB | 18 |
| Arkadiusz Gardzielewski | |  | | | | 2:21:34 | 49 |
| Kamil Karbowiak | |  | | | | 2:21:48 SB | 51 |
| Kamil Jastrzębski | |  | | | | DNF | |
| Adam Nowicki
Arkadiusz Gardzielewski
Kamil Karbowiak
Kamil Jastrzębski | Marathon Cup |  | | | | 6:58:43 | 10 |
| Artur Brzozowski | 35 km walk |  | | | | DNF | |
| **Adrian Brzeziński
Przemysław Słowikowski
Patryk Wykrota
Dominik Kopeć
Mateusz Siuda**\[a\] | 4 × 100 m relay | 38.60 SB | 4 **Q** |  | | 38.15 NR |  |
| Szymon Dziuba
Tymoteusz Zimny
Mateusz Rzeźniczak
Karol Zalewski | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:02.95 | 9 |  | | Did not advance | |

Field events

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Distance | Position | Distance | Position |
| Piotr Lisek | Pole vault | 5.50 | 15 | Did not advance | |
| Robert Sobera | | 5.50 | 15 | Did not advance | |
| Piotr Tarkowski | Long jump | NM | | Did not advance | |
| Adrian Świderski | Triple jump | 15.97 | 16 | Did not advance | |
| Konrad Bukowiecki | Shot put | 20.96 | 3 **q** | 20.74 | 6 |
| Michał Haratyk | | 20.85 | 4 **q** | 20.90 | 5 |
| Jakub Szyszkowski | | 19.19 | 21 | Did not advance | |
| Oskar Stachnik | Discus throw | 62.52 | 9 **q** | 60.36 | 12 |
| Robert Urbanek | | 60.47 | 17 | Did not advance | |
| Paweł Fajdek | Hammer throw | 79.76 | 1 **Q** | 79.15 | 4 |
| **Wojciech Nowicki** | | 78.78 | 2 **Q** | 82.00 WL |  |
| Marcin Wrotyński | | 71.86 | 13 | Did not advance | |

Combined events – Decathlon

| Athlete | Event | 100 m | LJ | SP | HJ | 400 m | 110H | DT | PV | JT | 1500 m | Final | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Paweł Wiesiołek | Result | 11.07 | 7.45 SB | 15.11 SB | 2.02 SB | 49.88 SB | 15.32 SB | 42.84 SB | 4.80 SB | DNS | | DNF | |
| | Points | 845 | 922 | 796 | 822 | 820 | 811 | 722 | | 849 | |

### Women

Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Magdalena Stefanowicz | 100 m | 11.44 | 6 **Q** | 11.43 | 14 | Did not advance | |
| Ewa Swoboda | | Bye | | 11.22 | 5 **Q** | 11.18 | 4 |
| Nikola Horowska | 200 m | 23.32 | 11 **q** | 23.62 | 20 | Did not advance | |
| Marika Popowicz-Drapała | | 23.47 | 17 | Did not advance | | | |
| Iga Baumgart-Witan | 400 m | 51.09 SB | 1 **Q** | 51.17 | 8 **q** | 51.28 | 8 |
| **Natalia Kaczmarek** | | Bye | | 50.40 | 1 **Q** | 49.94 |  |
| **Anna Kiełbasińska** | | Bye | | 50.45 | 2 **Q** | 50.29 |  |
| Adrianna Czapla | 800 m | 2:01.89 | 6 **q** | 2:04.15 | 15 | Did not advance | |
| **Anna Wielgosz** | | 2:02.77 | 11 **Q** | 2:01.05 | 6 **Q** | 1:59.87 |  |
| Angelika Sarna | | 2:04.12 | 23 **Q** | 2:02.15 | 14 | Did not advance | |
| **Sofia Ennaoui** | 1500 m | 4:02.73 | 1 **Q** |  | | 4:03.59 |  |
| Eliza Megger | | 4:07.56 | 16 |  | | Did not advance | |
| **Aleksandra Lisowska** | Marathon |  | | | | 2:28:36 SB |  |
| Angelika Mach | |  | | | | 2:35:03 SB | 19 |
| Monika Jackiewicz | |  | | | | 2:37:15 | 26 |
| Izabela Paszkiewicz | |  | | | | DNF | |
| Katarzyna Jankowska | |  | | | | DNF | |
| **Aleksandra Lisowska
Angelika Mach
Monika Jackiewicz
Izabela Paszkiewicz
Katarzyna Jankowska** | Marathon Cup |  | | | | 7:40:54 |  |
| Klaudia Wojtunik | 100 m hurdles | 13.40 | 13 **Q** | 13.03 | 11 | Did not advance | |
| **Pia Skrzyszowska** | | Bye | | 12.66 | 2 **Q** | 12.53 |  |
| Klaudia Siciarz | | Bye | | 13.00 | 10 | Did not advance | |
| Alicja Konieczek | 3000 m steeplechase | 9:33.54 SB | 3 **q** |  | | 9:25.15 SB | 4 |
| Patrycja Kapała | | 9:59.46 | 22 |  | | Did not advance | |
| **Katarzyna Zdziebło** | 20 km walk |  | | | | 1:29:20 |  |
| Olga Niedziałek | 35 km walk |  | | | | 2:53:12 | 5 |
| **Pia Skrzyszowska
Anna Kiełbasińska
Marika Popowicz-Drapała
Ewa Swoboda
Magdalena Stefanowicz\[a\]
Martyna Kotwiła\[a\]** | 4 × 100 m relay | 43.49 | 6 **Q** |  | | 42.61 NR |  |
| **Anna Kiełbasińska
Iga Baumgart-Witan
Justyna Święty-Ersetic
Natalia Kaczmarek
Kinga Gacka\[a\]
Małgorzata Hołub-Kowalik\[a\]** | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:26.05 SB | 4 |  | | 3:21.68 SB |  |

Field events

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Distance | Position | Distance | Position |
| Anna Matuszewicz | Long jump | 5.93 | 21 | Did not advance | |
| Adrianna Szóstak | Triple jump | 13.36 | 19 | Did not advance | |
| Karolina Młodawska | | 12.87 | 21 | Did not advance | |
| Klaudia Kardasz | Shot put | 17.27 | 14 | Did not advance | |
| Paulina Guba | | 16.66 | 20 | Did not advance | |
| Daria Zabawska | Discus throw | 56.54 | 15 | Did not advance | |
| Karolina Urban | | 54.33 | 23 | Did not advance | |
| **Ewa Różańska** | Hammer throw | 68.26 | 8 **q** | 72.12 PB |  |
| Katarzyna Furmanek | | 67.62 | 14 | Did not advance | |
| Malwina Kopron | | NM | | Did not advance | |

Combined events – Heptathlon

| Athlete | Event | 100H | HJ | SP | 200 m | LJ | JT | 800 m | Final | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Adrianna Sułek** | Result | 13.94 | 1.89 | 14.18 PB | 24.54 | 6.55 PB | 42.86 PB | 2:09.49 | 6532 |  |
| | Points | 987 | 1093 | 806 | 929 | 1023 | 722 | | | 972 |
| Paulina Ligarska | Result | 14.22 | 1.77 | 13.78 | 24.72 | 6.00 | 43.94 | 2:13.32 | 6090 | 9 |
| | Points | 947 | 941 | 779 | 913 | 850 | 743 | | | 917 |

**a** Athletes who participated in the heats only.

## Beach Volleyball

Norway has qualified 2 male pairs.

| Athlete | Event | Preliminary round | | | Round of 24 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final / BM | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition
Score | Opposition
Score | Rank | Opposition
Score | Opposition
Score | Opposition
Score | Opposition
Score | Opposition
Score | Rank |
| Michał Bryl
Bartosz Łosiak | Men's | WinterHenning (GER) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Piotr Kantor
Maciej Rudol | | SamoilovsŠmēdiņš (LAT) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## Cycling

### Road

Men

| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Stanisław Aniołkowski | Road race | 4:38:49 | 15 |
| Alan Banaszek | Road race | DNF | |
| Norbert Banaszek | Road race | 4:42:20 | 106 |
| Cesare Benedetti | Road race | 4:39:10 | 56 |
| Maciej Bodnar | Road race | 4:38:57 | 31 |
| Jakub Kaczmarek | Road race | 4:39:07 | 39 |
| Filip Maciejuk | Road race | 4:39:07 | 50 |

## Gymnastics

Poland has entered two male and three female athletes.

### Men

Qualification

| Athlete | Qualification | | | | | | Total | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Apparatus | | | | | | | |
| | F | PH | R | V | PB | HB | | |
| Kacper Garnczarek |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Sebastian Gawroński |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

### Women

Qualification

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | | | | | | Final | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Apparatus | | | | Total | Rank | Apparatus | | | | Total | Rank |
| | | V | UB | | | BB | F | V | UB | | | BB | F |
| Emilia Kulczyńska | Team |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Wiktoria Łopuszańska | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
| Brygida Urbańska | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
| **Total** | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## Triathlon

| Athlete | Event | Swim (1.5 km) | Trans 1 | Bike (40 km) | Trans 2 | Run (10 km) | Total Time | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Maciej Bruździak | Men's |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Michał Oliwa | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Marcin Stanglewicz | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Paulina Klimas | Women's |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Roksana Słupek | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Zuzanna Sudak | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

### Mixed

| Athlete | Event | Swim (300 m) | Trans 1 | Bike (6.8 km) | Trans 2 | Run (2 km) | Total Group Time | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Mixed relay |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## InfoBox

| Poland at the
2022 European Championships | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| in  Munich
11 August 2022 (2022-08-11) – 22 August 2022 (2022-08-22) | |
| Competitors | 203 in 12 sports |
| Medals
Ranked 8th | Gold 8 Silver 16 Bronze 15 Total 39 |
| European Championships appearances | |
|  | |


title: Poland at the 2022 Winter Paralympics

text:
# Poland at the 2022 Winter Paralympics

Poland competed at the 2022 Winter Paralympics in Beijing, China which took place between 4–13 March 2022.

## Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors participating at the Games per sport/discipline.

| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Alpine skiing | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Biathlon | 0 | 1 | 1\* |
| Cross-country skiing | 5 | 3 | 8\* |
| Snowboarding | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | 8 | 3 | 11 |

## Alpine skiing

Igor Sikorski and Andrzej Szczęsny competed in alpine skiing.

## Biathlon

Poland competed in biathlon.

## Cross-country skiing

Poland competed in cross-country skiing.

## Snowboarding

One snowboarder competed in snowboarding.

Banked slalom

| Athlete | Event | Run 1 | Run 2 | Best | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Wojciech Taraba | Men's SB-LL2 | 1:17.09 | 1:15.18 | 1:15.18 | 19 |

Snowboard cross

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | | | Quarterfinal | Semifinal | Final |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Run 1 | Run 2 | Rank | Position | Position | Position |
| Wojciech Taraba | Men's SB-LL2 | 1:12.72 | **1:10.40** | 20 | did not advance | | |

Qualification legend: **Q** \- Qualify to next round; **FA** \- Qualify to medal final; **FB** \- Qualify to consolation final

## InfoBox

| Poland at the
2022 Winter Paralympics | |
| --- | --- |
| Flag of Poland | |
| IPC code | POL |
| NPC | Polish Paralympic Committee |
| Website | www.paralympic.org.pl |
| in Beijing, China
4 March 2022 (2022-03-04) – 13 March 2022 (2022-03-13) | |
| Competitors | 11 (8 men and 3 women) in 4 sports |
| Flag bearer | Andrzej Szczęsny |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| Winter Paralympics appearances (overview) | |
|  | |


title: E. Summers Hardy

abstract: E. Summers Hardy (1933–2012) was an associate justice of the Oklahoma Supreme Court from 1917 to 1919. He should not be confused with the similarly named justice, Hardy T. Summers, who served on the Oklahoma Court from 1985 to 2003.

text:
# E. Summers Hardy

**E. Summers Hardy** (1933–2012) was an associate justice of the Oklahoma Supreme Court from 1917 to 1919. He should not be confused with the similarly named justice, Hardy T. Summers, who served on the Oklahoma Court from 1985 to 2003.

## Early life and education

E. Summers Hardy was born July 15, 1933, in Muskogee, Oklahoma to Cleon Summers, a U. S. Attorney and his wife, Fern (née Smith) Summers, a surgical nurse. He was raised and received a public school education in Muskogee, then enrolled in Oklahoma University, where he graduated in 1955, with degrees in government and law. While in OU, he joined the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity, and won scholastic honors such as Order of the Coif and Distinguished Air Force ROTC Cadet.

## Military duty

After graduating from OU, Summers entered active duty in the U.S. Air Corps Judge Advocate General Division, where his primary duty was to prosecute and defend court martial cases. A tour of duty at Landstuhl, Germany, offered opportunities to travel in Western Europe and parts of the Near and Middle East. After he was discharged from the service, he returned to Muskogee, where he was first hired as assistant district attorney for Muskogee County, then joined the law firm Fite, Robinson and Summers. In 1963, he married Marilyn Smith, an OU Alumna who was then a reporter for the *Muskogee Phoenix*.

## Civilian life and career

Oklahoma Governor David Boren appointed Hardy in 1986 to fill a vacancy as a judge for the 15th Judicial District. This district covered Muskogee, Wagoner, Cherokee, Sequoyah and Adair Counties, the same district where his uncle had served for nearly 40 years. Hardy served in this position for 8+12 years, until 1985, when Governor George Nigh appointed him as an associate justice of the Oklahoma Supreme Court. He served as chief justice in 1998–99. He remained on the court until retiring in 2004. Hardy spent an unspecified period of time at Hospice of Oklahoma City, where he on died September 10, 2012. A memorial service was held at First Unitarian Church of Oklahoma City.

1. "Service Saturday for retired Oklahoma Supreme Court Justice Hardy Summers." *Tulsa World*. September 25, 2012.
2. "Edward Summers." *The Oklahoman*. September 16, 2012.
3. "*Ad Astra*: E. Hardy Summers." *The Phi Gamma Delta.* Fall 2012. p. 54. Accessed September 24, 2020.

## InfoBox

| Edward Summers Hardy | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | July 15, 1933
Muskogee, Oklahoma |
| Died | September 10, 2012
Oklahoma City |
| Nationality | U. S. |
| Other names | Summers Hardy, E. Summers Hardy |
| Occupation(s) | Attorney, judge, Associate Justice of Oklahoma Supreme Court (1917–1919) |


title: Polaris World

abstract: Polaris World was a holiday resort company centred on golf courses designed by Nicklaus Design - the golf course design and development firm set up by Jack Nicklaus and his sons. However, the company was established in 2001 by Pedro García Meroño and Facundo Armero. The resorts, which were expected to form a "golf trail" when completed, helped in the development of residential tourism in the Costa Calida region of Spain and were at one point the largest developer of holiday homes in the country. Polaris World was the largest golf resort developer in Murcia. The seven Polaris World resorts range in size from 55 hectares up to 900 hectares, with most around the 100 to 150 hectare size. Among the notable properties that formed part of the brand were: Mar Menor, La Torre, and El Valle. Condado de Alhama is the largest development - over 900 hectares with a golf course. Condado De Alhama is situated close to the new Murcia International Airport, Corvera Airport. Polaris World sold these properties in 2010 and filed for bankruptcy in 2017.

text:
# Polaris World

**Polaris World** was a holiday resort company centred on golf courses designed by Nicklaus Design \- the golf course design and development firm set up by Jack Nicklaus and his sons. However, the company was established in 2001 by Pedro García Meroño and Facundo Armero. The resorts, which were expected to form a "golf trail" when completed, helped in the development of residential tourism in the Costa Calida region of Spain and were at one point the largest developer of holiday homes in the country.

Polaris World was the largest golf resort developer in Murcia. The seven Polaris World resorts range in size from 55 hectares up to 900 hectares, with most around the 100 to 150 hectare size. Among the notable properties that formed part of the brand were: Mar Menor, La Torre, and El Valle. Condado de Alhama is the largest development - over 900 hectares with a golf course. Condado De Alhama is situated close to (25 minutes drive) the new Murcia International Airport, Corvera Airport. Polaris World sold these properties in 2010 and filed for bankruptcy in 2017.

## Financial Status

Polaris World began to struggle in 2008 due to the financial crisis and Spanish property bubble, and extensive re-financing was needed in 2009. Their financing faced struggles as well, but they were able to avoid a 2010 bankruptcy. By 2012, sales prices had fallen extensively.

37°49′15″N 1°00′24″W / 37.820904°N 1.006687°W / 37.820904; -1.006687

1. Stewart, Jade (27 April 2010). "Spain's biggest holiday home developer avoids bankruptcy with last minute deal over debt with banks". *Property Wire*. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
2. "More openings at Polaris World". *Golf Course Architecture*. 22 September 2009. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
3. "Polaris Group companies enter voluntary bankruptcy proceedings". *Murcia Today*. 1 April 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
4. "The 6 Nicklaus Golf Courses - Statement regarding Polaris World". Murcia World. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
5. Brass, Kevin (31 May 2011). "Property developers struggle in Murcia". *The National News*. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
6. Polaris World Financing Deals Under Investigation
7. Spanish property: Polaris golf resort homes crash to a third of original price


title: Polaris RMK

abstract: The Polaris RMK is a series of snowmobiles made by Polaris Industries. All RMK models are powered by two-stroke engines. The RMK was introduced in the 1996 model year by Polaris to compete in the mountain market. The acronym originally stood for "Rocky Mountain King". The RMK name is still in use today, has been used on many chassis and engine variations, and is primarily used to indicate the snowmobile is designed for mountain or deep-snow use.

text:
# Polaris RMK

The **Polaris RMK** is a series of snowmobiles made by Polaris Industries. All RMK models are powered by two-stroke engines. The RMK was introduced in the 1996 model year by Polaris to compete in the mountain market. The acronym originally stood for "Rocky Mountain King". The RMK name is still in use today, has been used on many chassis and engine variations, and is primarily used to indicate the snowmobile is designed for mountain or deep-snow use.

## Models

### History

The Polaris RMK was originally introduced on the 1996 Polaris Ultra 680cc triple, Indy 580, Storm, and Xlt. They featured a 15x133x1.5” track.

### 1997-1998

For the 1997 model year Polaris added twin cylinder case-reed inducted 700cc engines. They followed in 1998 with a 600cc version for those wanting a smaller displacement engine to the potent 700cc. Both the 600cc and 700cc engines were built in the US and used 39mm Keihin D-slide carburetors and digital CDI ignition and utilized a 136"x15"x1.75" track with an estimated dry weight of 496lbs in the wedge chassis.,

### 1999

For 1999 the chassis of the RMK was upgraded to the Gen II style, but still retained the same 136" track as well as the 500cc, 600cc and 700cc engines.

### 2000

For the 2000 model year the 800cc engine was also added to lineup. The chassis also received upgrades in the form of new seat, gas tank, 2" higher handle bars, sidehiller skis, as well as the Xtra-Lite suspension. The primer for the carburetor was deleted. The 600cc, 700cc, and 800cc models used the 136"x15"x1.75" track and the 500cc model used the 136"x15"x1.5" track.

### 2001

For the 2001 model year the track of the 800cc model was upgraded to 144"x15"x2.0" and the 700cc model had the option of the 136"x15"x1.75" or 144"x15"x2.0" tracks. With the 600cc retaining the 136"x15"x1.75" track and the 500cc keeping the 136"x15"x1.5" track.

### 2002

The 600cc, 700cc, and 800cc models were upgraded from the Gen II chassis to the Edge chassis, as well all three motors were upgraded with a Variable Exhaust System (VES) and 38mm Mikuni flatside carburetors. While the 500cc model retained the Gen II chassis. 800cc models also had the option of 144"x15"x2.0" or 151"x15"x2.0" snow check models had a 156"x15" ×2" tracks.

### 2003

The 500cc model was dropped from the lineup. The 600cc model receives the 144"x15"x2.0" track, and both the 700cc and 800cc models have a choice of the 144"x15"x2.0" or 151"x15"x2.0" tracks.

### 2004-2005

For 2004 all engines have PERC electronic reverse, allowing reverse of the snowmobile by reversing the engine crankshaft direction. A 159"15"x2.0" track was available on 700cc and 800cc models.

### 2006

For 2005-2006 the RMK was upgraded to the IQ chassis. The 800cc engine was dropped from the lineup and a 900cc reed-valve fuel injected twin was added, while the 700cc engine was redesigned and had fuel injection added.


title: Polylepis pepei

abstract: Polylepis pepei is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru. It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Polylepis pepei

***Polylepis pepei*** is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Polylepis pepei* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Genus: | *Polylepis* |
| Species: | ***P. pepei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Polylepis pepei***
B. Simpson | |
|


title: Political Uber

abstract: Political Uber is a project of Russian politicians Dmitry Gudkov and Maxim Katz to help young and promising opposition candidates register for municipal elections and run election campaigns.

text:
# Political Uber

**Political Uber** is a project of Russian politicians Dmitry Gudkov and Maxim Katz to help young and promising opposition candidates register for municipal elections and run election campaigns.

## Name

The project gained popularity under this name because of the analogy with the popular taxi service. The name embodies the maximum simplification of the user experience, including through the use of information technology with elements of gamification: for example, the overly complicated task of submitting documents for registration as a candidate in elections in the "political Uber" was presented in the form of a quest.

## Goals of the project

> If you are against Putin, we will help you
>
> Maxim Katz

According to Katz, access to participation in politics in Russia is too complicated, it is difficult even for entrepreneurs with money, not to mention less socially protected segments of the population, such as pensioners. According to Katz, such difficulties are created deliberately by the current government. The goal of "political Uber" is to eliminate such difficulties, to simplify access to elections for everyone.

According to Gudkov, the project is focused on newcomers to politics who do not know how to collect signatures, fill out subscription lists, solve other similar problems, and only with the help of "uberization" of the process can they successfully pass registration and get a chance to be elected deputies. Also, according to Gudkov, the project was focused on people who are dissatisfied with the fact that the authorities do not hear them. "Political Uber" offered such people a convenient infrastructure in order to nominate themselves as candidates, so that later, if elected, they would begin to influence the situation, first in their own regions, and then at the national level. Opponents of Vladimir Putin and supporters of the European path of development were invited to the project.

## Campaign in Moscow

In 2017, "Political Uber" was first launched in the Moscow municipal elections under the brand "United Democrats".

Of the 266 deputies supported by the project, 177 were nominated by the Yabloko party, which made the party the second largest in the city in terms of the number of deputy mandates. Commenting on the election results for Yabloko, Grigory Yavlinsky called Maxim Katz an "effective ally" and noted the involvement of young people in the elections.

As one of the key methods of campaigning, door-to-door canvassing of voters was used, which, according to Gudkov, made it possible to compensate for the authorities' silence about the elections. As a result, 267 out of 1046 candidates of the project became deputies in 62 districts. Candidates from the "political Uber" received about 20% of the votes, and in 7 districts of Moscow not a single candidate from United Russia was elected.

Later, in January 2018, Dmitry Gudkov broke off cooperation with Maxim Katz due to disagreements regarding Yabloko and the election observation project.

## Campaign in St. Petersburg

In 2019, before the municipal elections in St. Petersburg, the project was divided: Maxim Katz organized his own headquarters to support candidates on the basis of the Yabloko party, while Dmitry Gudkov, in turn, transferred the United Democrats brand to the public organization Open Russia, which organized the headquarters under the same name. Also in 2019, the St. Petersburg Navalny Headquarters performed similar functions of supporting candidates in St. Petersburg under its own brand spb.vote.

The Yabloko headquarters received about 1,800 applications for nomination, a strict selection of candidates was carried out according to their political views. According to Maxim Katz, there were falsifications of the election results. As a result of the campaign, 99 people were elected deputies in 31 districts of the city.


title: Poirier Sport & Leisure Complex

abstract: Poirier Sport & Leisure Complex is a 190,000-square-foot multi-purpose all-season recreation complex in Coquitlam, British Columbia.

text:
# Poirier Sport & Leisure Complex

**Poirier Sport & Leisure Complex** is a 190,000-square-foot multi-purpose all-season recreation complex in Coquitlam, British Columbia.

## Arena

The arena-side of the facility is used by a wide variety of groups, including hockey, lacrosse and ringette teams and figure skaters for hosting national tournaments.

The facility has three playing surfaces. Arena 1 features a 200' x 80' playing surface with seating for 2,200 spectators. Arena 2 and 3 feature a 200' x 85' NHL standard playing surface. All three Arenas can be converted for both ice and dry floor use.

The facility is home to the Coquitlam Sports Hall of Fame, as well as the Coquitlam Express of the British Columbia Hockey League, the Coquitlam Adanacs of the Western Lacrosse Association and the Coquitlam Adanacs of the BC Junior A Lacrosse League.

## Pool

The pool-side of the facility includes:

## Expansion and renovation

In 2010, the old Coquitlam Sports Centre underwent a $62 million expansion and renovation:

* Expansion of main arena, with the ice surface extended to the NHL standard length of 200 feet
* Replacement of the recreational arena
* Replacement of the curling rink
* Lobby improvements to integrate the facility with the aquatic and fitness centre
* New restrooms, concession areas, dressing rooms, and administration areas

## Energy efficiency

The facility has been built according to the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Silver Standard, including:

* Solar water heating
* Rainwater retention and reuse for landscaping
* Landscaping with native species
* Use of recycled content and non-toxic building products

49°15′18″N 122°50′42″W / 49.255011°N 122.844958°W / 49.255011; -122.844958

## InfoBox

Poirier Sport & Leisure Complex
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Coquitlam, British Columbia |
| Owner | City of Coquitlam |
| Capacity | 2200 |
| Surface | Artificial ice |
| Tenants | |
| Coquitlam Express (BCHL) (2001–2005, 2010–)
Coquitlam Adanacs (WLA)
Vancouver NE Chiefs (BCMML) (2015–2017) | |


title: Poirieria oliverai

abstract: Poirieria oliverai is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

text:
# Poirieria oliverai

***Poirieria oliverai*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## InfoBox

| *Poirieria oliverai* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Caenogastropoda
clade Hypsogastropoda
clade Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Muricoidea |
| Family: | Muricidae |
| Subfamily: | Muricinae |
| Genus: | *Poirieria* |
| Subgenus: | *Flexopteron* |
| Species: | ***P. oliverai*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Poirieria oliverai***
(Kosuge, 1984) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Muricopsis oliverai* Kosuge, 1984 | |


title: Poirieria kopua

abstract: Poirieria kopua is a species of small predatory sea snail with an operculum. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Muricidae, the rock snails or murex snails.

text:
# Poirieria kopua

***Poirieria kopua*** is a species of small predatory sea snail with an operculum. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Muricidae, the rock snails or murex snails.

* Powell A W B, *New Zealand Mollusca*, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1

## InfoBox

| *Poirieria kopua* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Muricidae |
| Genus: | *Poirieria* |
| Species: | ***P. kopua*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Poirieria kopua***<br>Dell, 1956 | |
|


title: Dyschirius asper

abstract: Dyschirius asper is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Andrewes in 1929.

text:
# Dyschirius asper

***Dyschirius asper*** is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Andrewes in 1929.

## InfoBox

| *Dyschirius asper* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Dyschirius* |
| Species: | ***D. asper*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dyschirius asper***<br>Andrewes, 1929 | |
|


title: Polborder

abstract: Polborder is a hamlet south of St Mellion in Cornwall, England.

text:
# Polborder

**Polborder** is a hamlet south of St Mellion in Cornwall, England.

## InfoBox

| Polborder | |
| --- | --- |
| A woodland track near Polborder | |
| PolborderLocation within Cornwall | |
| OS grid reference | SX3864 |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
|  | |
| Police | Devon and Cornwall |
| Fire | Cornwall |
| Ambulance | South Western |
|  | |
|


title: Pollentia (Majorca)

abstract: Pollentia was a Roman city founded by Quintus Caecilius Metellus Balearicus in the present city of Alcúdia, allegedly in the year 123 BC. The first documented remains belong, however, to the first half of the 1st century BC. This had led the researches to establish the possibility of the creation of a castra by the military expedition that, a generation later, would result in the current city of Pollentia.

text:
# Pollentia (Majorca)

**Pollentia** (Catalan: Pol·lèntia) was a Roman city founded by Quintus Caecilius Metellus Balearicus in the present city of Alcúdia, allegedly in the year 123 BC.

The first documented remains belong, however, to the first half of the 1st century BC. This had led the researches to establish the possibility of the creation of a *castra* (military camp) by the military expedition that, a generation later, would result in the current city of Pollentia.

## History

Like the other Roman cities founded by consul Metellus, it is believed Pollentia was a Roman *castra* (camp) until c. 70 BC, when, according to the excavations in the forum area, the urbanization of the city was reorganized and monumentalized. Pollentia was a rich and prosperous city, whose conserved area is around 16 hectares. This area suffered a devastating fire in the 3rd century AD, but the city was not depopulated, since the construction of a fortification in the 5th century AD has been documented in the same forum. In the following centuries, Pollentia was partially or totally unpopulated, with the Christian medieval population settling down a bit further north, in the present town of Alcúdia, which lies next to Pollença, town that carries the name of this ancient Roman city. Excavations, since the 16th century, but especially since the beginning of the 20th century, have occurred mainly in the area of *Sa Portella* (a residential district), the city forum and the tabernae, and in the theater.

The poet Miquel Costa i Llobera wrote a number of poems in which the Roman ruins of Pollentia are exalted, most notably in his renowned *Ode to Horace* as well as in *Over the ruins of the Roman theater of Pollentia*.

## InfoBox

Pollentia
| "Sa Portella" residential area in Pollentia | |
| --- | --- |
| Shown within Spain | |
| Location | Alcúdia, Majorca, Balearic Islands, Spain |
| Coordinates | 39°51′0″N 03°07′20″E / 39.85000°N 3.12222°E / 39.85000; 3.12222 |
| Type | Settlement |
| History | |
| Founded | 1st century BC |
| Site notes | |
| Discovered | 17th century |
| Excavation dates | 1923–present |


title: Dysgerminoma

abstract: A dysgerminoma is a type of germ cell tumor; it usually is malignant and usually occurs in the ovary. A tumor of the identical histology but not occurring in the ovary may be described by an alternate name: seminoma in the testis or germinoma in the central nervous system or other parts of the body. Dysgerminoma accounts for less than 1% of ovarian tumors overall. Dysgerminoma usually occurs in adolescence and early adult life; about 5% occur in pre-pubertal children. Dysgerminoma is extremely rare after age 50. Dysgerminoma occurs in both ovaries in 10% of patients and, in a further 10%, there is microscopic tumor in the other ovary. Abnormal gonads have a high risk of developing a dysgerminoma. Most dysgerminomas are associated with elevated serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), which is sometimes used as a tumor marker.

text:
# Dysgerminoma

A **dysgerminoma** is a type of germ cell tumor; it usually is malignant and usually occurs in the ovary.

A tumor of the identical histology but not occurring in the ovary may be described by an alternate name: seminoma in the testis or germinoma in the central nervous system or other parts of the body.

Dysgerminoma accounts for less than 1% of ovarian tumors overall. Dysgerminoma usually occurs in adolescence and early adult life; about 5% occur in pre-pubertal children. Dysgerminoma is extremely rare after age 50. Dysgerminoma occurs in both ovaries in 10% of patients and, in a further 10%, there is microscopic tumor in the other ovary.

Abnormal gonads (due to gonadal dysgenesis and androgen insensitivity syndrome) have a high risk of developing a dysgerminoma. Most dysgerminomas are associated with elevated serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), which is sometimes used as a tumor marker.

## Signs and symptoms

They are exceptionally associated with hypercalcemia. On gross examination, dysgerminomas present with a smooth, bosselated (knobby) external surface, and is soft, fleshy and either cream-coloured, gray, pink or tan when cut. Microscopic examination typically reveals uniform cells that resemble primordial germ cells. Typically, the stroma contains lymphocytes and about 20% of patients have sarcoid-like granulomas. Metastases are most often present in the lymph nodes.

## Diagnosis

LDH tumour markers is elevated in 95% of the cases.

## Treatment

Dysgerminomas, like other seminomatous germ cell tumors, are very sensitive to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. For this reason, with treatment patients' chances of long-term survival, even cure, is excellent. Targeted treatments for dysgerminomas that do not respond to chemotherapy are being evaluated.

## InfoBox

| Dysgerminoma | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Micrograph of a dysgerminoma, H&E stain. | |
| Specialty | Oncology, gynecology |


title: EHOME

abstract: EHOME is a Chinese Dota 2 team. The team was founded in 2004 which consist of Warcraft III and Counter-Strike teams. The Dota division was started in 2007. EHOME is one of the most successful Dota teams of all time. EHOME disbanded after The International 2012 but rebuilt in 2015. Now, EHOME is one of the highest ranked Dota 2 teams in China.

text:
# EHOME

**EHOME** is a Chinese *Dota 2* team. The team was founded in 2004 which consist of Warcraft III and Counter-Strike teams. The *Dota* division was started in 2007. EHOME is one of the most successful *Dota* teams of all time. EHOME disbanded after The International 2012 but rebuilt in 2015. Now, EHOME is one of the highest ranked *Dota 2* teams in China.

## Tournament results

## InfoBox

EHOME.cn
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | *Honor of Kings*
*Dota 2*
*Overwatch*
*Counter-Strike: Global Offensive*
*Warcraft 3* |
| Founded | 2004 |
| Folded | 2023 |
| Location | China |
| Colors | Black, Gray, White
 |


title: Polixénia Daniel

abstract: Polixénia Daniel (1720–1775), was a Hungarian noble, philanthropist and writer. She was the daughter of baron Daniel Stephen and married baron Wesselényi István in 1742. She became known for her great learning, her charitable projects and as a protector of artists and scientists. She was also active as a writer, and several manuscripts of her hand survives. Her daughter, Zsuzsanna Wesselényi (1744–1800), became known for her diary.

text:
# Polixénia Daniel

**Polixénia Daniel** (1720–1775), was a Hungarian noble, philanthropist and writer.

She was the daughter of baron Daniel Stephen and married baron Wesselényi István in 1742. She became known for her great learning, her charitable projects and as a protector of artists and scientists. She was also active as a writer, and several manuscripts of her hand survives. Her daughter, Zsuzsanna Wesselényi (1744–1800), became known for her diary.

* Gudenus János József: A magyarországi főnemesség XX. századi genealógiája SZ–ZS, Heraldika Kiadó, Budapest, 1998., 263. o. ISBN 963-858-538-2

## InfoBox

| Polixénia Daniel | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 14 January 1720
Szászvessződ |
| Died | 24 September 1775 (aged 55)
Zsibó |
| Spouse | Wesselényi István (1708–1757) |


title: Dziegciarnia

abstract: Dziegciarnia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łobżenica, within Piła County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) east of Łobżenica, 48 km (30 mi) east of Piła, and 104 km (65 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.

text:
# Dziegciarnia

**Dziegciarnia** \[d͡ʑɛkˈt͡ɕarɲa\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łobżenica, within Piła County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) east of Łobżenica, 48 km (30 mi) east of Piła, and 104 km (65 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.

## InfoBox

| Dziegciarnia | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Dziegciarnia | |
| Coordinates: 53°17′N 17°25′E / 53.283°N 17.417°E / 53.283; 17.417 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Piła |
| Gmina | Łobżenica |


title: Polychron Monastery

abstract: Polychron Monastery was a medieval Byzantine monastery in Bithynia founded in the 5th century. It is located on the slope of the Asia Minor Olympus. In 851, Saint Methodius of Thessaloniki came to the monastery, later becoming its head. After his mission to the Saracens, the same year Saint Constantine-Cyril the Philosopher also settled in the monastery. In this monastery in 855, on the basis of the developed Byzantine minuscule writing system, Cyril and Methodius created the first Slavic alphabet – the Glagolitic script.

text:
# Polychron Monastery

**Polychron Monastery** was a medieval Byzantine monastery in Bithynia founded in the 5th century. It is located on the slope of the Asia Minor Olympus (today's Uludağ, near Bursa, Turkey).

In 851, Saint Methodius of Thessaloniki came to the monastery, later becoming its head. After his mission to the Saracens, the same year Saint Constantine-Cyril the Philosopher also settled in the monastery. In this monastery in 855, on the basis of the developed Byzantine minuscule writing system, Cyril and Methodius created the first Slavic alphabet – the Glagolitic script.


title: Polychrome brickwork

abstract: Polychrome brickwork is a style of architectural brickwork in which bricks of different colours are used to create decorative patterns or highlight architectural features in the walls of a building. Historically it was used in the late Gothic period in Europe, and the Tudor period in England. This style was revived in Britain in the 1850s as a feature of Gothic Revival architecture. Later, in the 19th century and into the early 20th century it was adopted in various forms in Europe for all manner of buildings such as French eclectic villas, Dutch row houses, and German railway stations, and as far away as Melbourne, Australia, where the technique reached heights of popularity and elaboration in the 1880s.

text:
# Polychrome brickwork

**Polychrome brickwork** is a style of architectural brickwork in which bricks of different colours are used to create decorative patterns or highlight architectural features in the walls of a building. Historically it was used in the late Gothic period in Europe, and the Tudor period in England. This style was revived in Britain in the 1850s as a feature of Gothic Revival architecture. Later, in the 19th century and into the early 20th century it was adopted in various forms in Europe for all manner of buildings such as French eclectic villas, Dutch row houses, and German railway stations, and as far away as Melbourne, Australia, where the technique reached heights of popularity and elaboration in the 1880s.

## Beginnings in the British Gothic Revival

The revival of polychrome brickwork is generally thought to have been instigated by British critic and architectural theorist John Ruskin, in his 1849 book *The Seven Lamps of Architecture*, where he lauded not only Medieval and Gothic architecture as 'truer' than the Classical, but also the ‘honest’ medieval use of materials as both structure and decoration, above the use of applied colours or veneered materials. He gave as examples Tuscan and Venetian Romanesque and Gothic buildings such as the Doge's Palace in Venice, which has a facade of white stone and pink marble in a diaper pattern (which is in fact a veneer). Other theorists and architects at the same time were also exploring the medieval use of materials in this way, later described as ‘constructional polychromy’. While some designers had already used more than one colour of brick, William Butterfield made lavish use of the technique in his All Saints Margaret Street, built between 1850–59, with an exterior of banded and diaper patterned brickwork in black and cream on a red brick background. Butterfield went on to use polychrome brick in more projects, and other architects also adopted the new technique at the same time. For example George Edmund Street used black bricks on a red background in his 1858–61 St James the Less in Pimlico, considered one of his finest designs, and George Gilbert Scott used black brick stripes on a red background on the Sandbach Literary Institute in 1857.

The use of coloured brick effects became quite popular in Gothic Revival across the United Kingdom, often in combination with stone, usually with far less elaboration that Butterfield. Some architects in the 1870s-80s were more enthusiastic, such as in the work of Watson Fothergill in Nottingham, and in Bristol in the 1860s-80s it was often used is what is now known as 'Bristol Byzantine' style, for instance the 1869 Welsh Back Granary.

## Use in Europe

Polychrome brickwork also became popular in Europe in the later 19th century as part of the various medieval and Romanesque revivals. In France, the Menier Chocolate Factory in Noisiel, designed by Jules Saulnier and completed in 1872, is an early and very elaborate example, which is also noted for its early use of iron structure. Later, the use of two tone brickwork was popular in eclectic picturesque villas, as well as other building types. Examples, again usually restrained use of two colours, can also be found in Belgium, the Netherlands, and Germany 'Gründerzeit' style buildings sometimes employed decorative brick.

## Use in Australasia

In Australia, the first use of polychrome brickwork is generally attributed to architect Joseph Reed's Independent Church (now St Michaels) in Melbourne's Collins Street, completed in 1866, closely followed by St Jude's Church, Carlton. Crouch & Wilson followed with early examples such as the Victorian College for the Deaf. The style became immensely popular in Melbourne and is featured in many of the terrace houses from the 1870s and 1880s. Crouch & Wilson and Percy Oakden soon also employed it on church design, while Reed also applied it on houses, notably the Rippon Lea Estate. Following Crouch & Wilson's award winning primary school design Henry R. Bastow templated it and as a result majority of the State Schools in his commission during the 1870s-80s were in the gothic style with at least two colours.

Rare examples of its use can be found in elsewhere, however it is most prevalent in the Architecture of Melbourne, where it began, and where it became increasingly popular, reaching a peak in the boom years of the 1880s when it was used extensively on all manner of buildings from terrace houses to villas, from shops to factories.

## Examples

Notable examples of its application include:

**Historic examples**

**Nineteenth Century**

**Great Britain and Ireland**

**Europe**

* Reuss Stables, Greiz, 1870
* Menier Chocolate Factory, Noisiel, designed by Jules Saulnier, 1872
* Water tower, Gutenbergstrasse, Krefeld, 1872–77
* Potsdam Astrophysical Observatory (now Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research), Emanuel Spieker, 1879
* Maison Le Castel, Vichy, 1893
* Villa mon Plesir, Vichy, France, 1894
* Luisenhaus, Gesundbrunnen, Berlin, 1893
* Maurice Bisschops house, Avenue de la Couronne, Brussels, 1895
* Villa Germaine, Avenue Palmerston 24, Brussels, 1897
* Grand Market Hall, Budapest, 1897

**Australasia**


title: EPHA10

abstract: EPH receptor A10 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the EPHA10 gene. Ephrin receptors, the largest subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), and their ephrin ligands are important mediators of cell-cell communication regulating cell attachment, shape, and mobility in neuronal and epithelial cells.

text:
# EPHA10

**EPH receptor A10** is a protein in humans that is encoded by the EPHA10 gene.

Ephrin receptors, the largest subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), and their ephrin ligands are important mediators of cell-cell communication regulating cell attachment, shape, and mobility in neuronal and epithelial cells.

## InfoBox

| EPHA10 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | EPHA10, EPH receptor A10 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 611123; MGI: 3586824; HomoloGene: 67804; GeneCards: EPHA10; OMA:EPHA10 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001004338
NM\_001099439
NM\_173641   NM\_001256432
NM\_177671   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001092909
NP\_775912   NP\_001243361
NP\_808339   Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 37.71 – 37.77 Mb Chr 4: 124.88 – 124.92 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Polycarboxylates

abstract: Polycarboxylates are organic compounds with several carboxylic acid groups. Butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylate is one example. Often, polycarboxylate refers to linear polymers with a high molecular mass and with many carboxylate groups. They are polymers of acrylic acid or copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid. The polymer is used as the sodium salt.

text:
# Polycarboxylates

**Polycarboxylates** are organic compounds with several carboxylic acid groups. Butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylate is one example. Often, polycarboxylate refers to linear polymers with a high molecular mass (Mr ≤ 100 000) and with many carboxylate groups. They are polymers of acrylic acid or copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid. The polymer is used as the sodium salt (see: sodium polyacrylate).

## Use

Polycarboxylates are used as builders in detergents. Their high chelating power, even at low concentrations, reduces deposits on the laundry and inhibits the crystal growth of calcite.

Polycarboxylate ethers (PCE) are used as superplasticizers in concrete production.

## Safety

Polycarboxylates are poorly biodegradable but have a low ecotoxicity. In the sewage treatment plant, the polymer remains largely in the sludge and is separated from the wastewater.

Polyamino acids like polyaspartic acid and polyglutamic acid have better biodegradability but lower chelating performance than polyacrylates. They are also less stable towards heat and alkali. Since they contain nitrogen, they contribute to eutrophication.


title: Dębowiec, Cieszyn County

abstract: Dębowiec is a village and the seat of Gmina Dębowiec, Cieszyn County in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has an area of 13.17 km⁲ (5.08 sq mi) and a population of 1,772 (2007). It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.

text:
# Dębowiec, Cieszyn County

**Dębowiec** \[ˈdɛ̃bɔviɛts\]  is a village and the seat of Gmina Dębowiec, Cieszyn County in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has an area of 13.17 km2 (5.08 sq mi) and a population of 1,772 (2007). It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.

## Etymology

Both Polish and German names are of topographic origins, but with a slightly different meanings. The Polish name is derived from oaks (Polish: *dąb*, plural *dęby*) and denotes *an oaken part of wood*. German name: *Baumgarten* is a conjunction of two words: Baum (tree) and Garten (*garden*).

## History

The village was first mentioned in a Latin document of Diocese of Wrocław called *Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis* from around 1305 as *item in **Dambonczal***. It meant that the village was in the process of location (the size of land to pay a tithe from was not yet precise). The creation of the village was a part of a larger settlement campaign taking place in the late 13th century on the territory of what would later be known as Upper Silesia.

The village became a seat of a Catholic parish, first mentioned in an incomplete register of Peter's Pence payment from 1335 as *Bemgard* and as such being one of the oldest in the region. It was again mentioned in the register of Peter's Pence payment from 1447 among the 50 parishes of Teschen deanery as *Bomgarte*.

The name from 1335 is of Germanic roots and indicates that among long ethnically Polish (Slavic, as the name from *Liber fundationis..* is of Slavic origins) citizens an unknown number of German settlers arrived and gave the common village a German name which eventually evolved into *Baumgarten*.

Politically the village belonged initially to the Duchy of Teschen, formed in 1290 in the process of feudal fragmentation of Poland and was ruled by a local branch of Piast dynasty. In 1327 the duchy became a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became part of the Habsburg monarchy.

After the 1540s Protestant Reformation prevailed in the Duchy of Teschen and a local Catholic church was taken over by Lutherans. It was taken from them, as one from around fifty buildings in the region, by a special commission and given back to the Roman Catholic Church on 18 April 1654.

On 15 March 1793 the village was bought from Marklowski noble family by Prince Albert of Saxony, Duke of Teschen and included in Teschener Kammer. In 1807 the first school in Dębowiec was opened, before that the local children attended to school in Simoradz. In 1854-1856 new bricked church was built, which replaced old wooden church. Lutherans built a cemetery chapel in 1912. The new school building was opened in 1908, to celebrate 60 years of reign of Franz Joseph I of Austria.

After the Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire a modern municipal division was introduced in the re-established Austrian Silesia. The village as a municipality was subscribed to the political district of Bielsko and the legal district of Skoczów. According to the censuses conducted in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 the population of the village dropped from 992 in 1880 to 984 in 1910, with majority of the inhabitants being native Polish-speakers (between 99% and 99.1%) and a few people German-speaking (at most 9 or 0.9% in 1880 and 1890) or Czech-speaking (at most 7 or 0.7% in 1900), in terms of religion in 1910 majority were Roman Catholics (560 or 56.9%), followed by Lutherans (417 or 42.4%) and Jews (7 people). The village was also traditionally inhabited by Cieszyn Vlachs, speaking Cieszyn Silesian dialect.

At the beginnings of the 20th century methane was discovered in the village. Its explosion in 1911 caused a fire lasting few days.

After World War I, the fall of Austria-Hungary, the Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, it became a part of Poland. It was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. During the night between 15 and 16 February 1941 the first elite special-operations paratroops called Cichociemni parachuted over Dębowiec. It was caused by a mistake of navigator and a lack of fuel as they originally intended to land somewhere around Włoszczowa. After the war the village was restored to Poland.

In 2014 graduation tower in the center of the village was opened.

## Geography

Dębowiec lies in the southern part of Poland, approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of the nearest town, Skoczów, 10 km (6 mi) north-east of the county seat, Cieszyn, 24 km (15 mi) west of Bielsko-Biała, 55 km (34 mi) south-west of the regional capital Katowice, and 10 km (6.2 mi) east of the border with the Czech Republic.

It is situated on the Knajka river (left tributary of the Vistula), along which many fish ponds are located. It lies on the geographical border between Silesian Foothills (to the south), Ostrava Basin (to north-west) and Oświęcim Basin (to north-east), between 270–340 m (890–1,120 ft) above sea level; 15 km (9.3 mi) north of the Silesian Beskids; The biggest forest, called *Dębowczak*, lies in the north-west part of the village. Several oak trees (*Quercus robur*) aged between 250 and 300 years were registered in 1959 as natural monuments.

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

| Dębowiec | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Central part of the village | |
|  | |
| Location of Dębowiec within Gmina Dębowiec | |
| DębowiecDębowiec | |
| Coordinates: 49°48′48.72″N 18°43′12.40″E / 49.8135333°N 18.7201111°E / 49.8135333; 18.7201111 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Silesian |
| County | Cieszyn |
| Gmina | Dębowiec |
| First mentioned | ca. 1305 |
| Area | |
| Total | 13.17 km2 (5.08 sq mi) |
| Population (2007) | |
| Total | 1,772 |
| Density | 130/km2 (350/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 43-426 |
| Car plates | SCI |


title: Poove Poochudava (TV series)

abstract: Poove Poochudava is a 2017 Indian Tamil language soap opera starring Reshma Muralidharan and Karthick Vasu. It premiered on 24 April 2017 on Zee Tamil. The show is an official remake of Telugu TV series Varudhini Parinayam. This series directed by Rathinam Vasudevan and developed by Team Work Manthra. It is the third longest serial on Zee Tamil after Sembaruthi and Yaaradi Nee Mohini.

text:
# Poove Poochudava (TV series)

***Poove Poochudava*** (transl. Come to adorn you with flowers) is a 2017 Indian Tamil language soap opera starring Reshma Muralidharan and Karthick Vasu. It premiered on 24 April 2017 on Zee Tamil. The show is an official remake of Telugu TV series *Varudhini Parinayam*. This series directed by Rathinam Vasudevan and developed by Team Work Manthra. It is the third longest serial on Zee Tamil after *Sembaruthi* and *Yaaradi Nee Mohini.*

## Plot

Shiva and Shakthi meet in an automobile accident and instantly hate each other, but conspire to help Shiva's cousin brother Sundhar who has fallen in love with Shakthi's sister Meenakshi. Following a series of misunderstandings, Meenakshi's marriage to Gautham is called off and the new match Sundhar was proposed. Meenakshi's parents agree but Sundhar's mother Subadhra insists that Shiva marry first as the eldest son. As Subadhra had killed Shiva's parents to get his property. Though Shiva is a woman hater with no interest in marriage, he says he will marry his employee, Nithya.

Shakthi learns that Subadhra has ill intentions and she threatens to have Meenakshi killed if Shakthi doesn't stop the marriage. Shakthi is suspicious when Nithya disappears, but it turns out that Shiva was never serious about the wedding and paid Nithya to pretend. Shiva's relatives that he marry Shakthi. Shiva thinks Sundhar's life and he accepts to marry Shakthi However, Shakthi also accepts it, and they are married, also Meenakshi and Sundhar married.

Both couples move into the law's family, though Shiva and Shakthi continue to quarrel. Subadhra consults an astrologer and is convinced that there is a threat to Sundhar's life, which is why she tried to interfere with their marriage. Told of this, Meenakshi makes excuses to postpone the consummation of their marriage to save Sundhar, and the couple faces ongoing interference from his relatives. Shakthi later learns that the astrologer is a charlatan.

Aishwarya, Shakthi's cousin moves into the home in a scheme of Subadhra's, and she tries to come between Sundhar and Meenakshi. She also helps to frame Shakthi for the theft of family heirlooms, and then for mental illness. Shiva becomes sympathetic and seems to grow closer to Shakthi. However, he gives her divorce papers on his birthday. Shakthi requests one year to make him fall in love with her, which he accepts.

Shiva's sister Dharani moves into the house and becomes an ally to Shakthi. In a complicated plot they put pressure on Subadhra, and Meenakshi overhears Subadhra and Aishwarya discussing their schemes. Meenakshi confronts them for their underhanded behaviour. Finally Aishwariya leaves the home.

Shakthi's old college friend Ganga begins working for Shiva's business. They conspire to make Shiva jealous by faking calls to Shakthi from a man named Ranjith. Ganga eventually impersonates Ranjith and visits the home, but Shiva gives Ranjith his blessing to marry Shakthi. Ranjith instead challenges Shiva to three tasks to test whether he loves Shakthi. Shiva, however, fails in all three tests and confesses his love for Shakthi.

Subadhra and her comic mother Nagalakshmi hatch many plans to separate Shiva and Shakthi. But Shakthi wins every time and gets much closer to Shiva. When Anu, Shakthi's sister learns about Shakti's divorce through her friend Venkat who is also Shakthi Shiva's divorce lawyer and love interest of Anu, they both plan to make Shiva and Shakthi close. As a part of their plan, they arrange for an outing for the couple, but Subadhra postpones it. A turn of events, it is also revealed that Sundar and Venkat were college buddies. Meanwhile, Shakthi's family move into Shiva's house as their house has been conquered by their owner's son which is a plan of Subadhra to make them stay here and humiliate them which will result in Shakthi leaving the house.

As Shiva and Shakthi's marriage happened in a rush, Shiva and Shakthi's family plans another wedding for them. Subadhra kidnaps Anu and Venkat on the eve of the wedding to frame them of eloping. But Shiva found out about their kidnap and rushed to rescue them, but the goons also kidnap him. Shakthi finds this on the day of marriage and rescues Shiva, Anu, Venkat with the help of Ranveer and a policeman.

Meanwhile, Shakthi's father learns of Subadhra and her mother's schemes and threatens to reveal the truth. Subadhra kills him, which is witnessed by Durga, but her aide prevents Durga from shouting for help. Everybody asks for Shakthi, Shiva, Anu and there comes a letter stating that Anu has eloped with Venkat (letter written by Subadhra) and Subadhra makes Shakthi's father's death as a suicide owing to the elopement of his third daughter which makes everyone believe including Shakthi. Durga later manages to flee from the clutches of Subadhra's hired goon but is knocked down to temporary paralysis.

Later on, Without knowing him, Shiva falls in love with Shakthi and decides to confess his love to Shakthi, but he meets with an accident. Later on, he is admitted to the hospital where the doctor declares that Shiva has lost his memories. On hearing this fact, Shakthi is disappointed, on the other hand, Subhadra and Patti are happy as Shiva would forget about Shakthi. Ranveer, Sundhar, Dharani, Anu and Meenakshi plan to reunite Shiva and Shakthi; they try various things such as reminding Shiva of Shakthi's name, but Subadhra sets multiple obstacles.

At present, a new character Sangeetha is hired by Subadhra to act as Shakthi so that Shiva would forget the real Shakthi. On the other hand, Shiva accepts Sangeetha as Shakthi and he gets her into the house. As Shakthi's family shocked and they decided to hatch the plans to get out her. Now Shakthi leaves the home and she comes as Meera and works in Shiva's office. Days passed on Shakthi meets a new friend Deepa and she stayed in her house. As Subadhra fixed a marriage for Sangeetha and Shiva also with Anu and Venkat on same day. Shakthi feels a lot for Shiva's marriage and she brings Shiva to the *Ashramam* to get back his past memories. But due to Subadhra's plan, he not cured completely and Shakthi worries. On the day of Marriage function, Deepa knows the truth of Subadhra and she got an evidence that she killed Shakthi's father. As Subadhra tells a thief to kill Deepa, she runs through the marriage hall. On the time of marriage to be end, Shakthi leaves the hall and she decides to go somewhere and live. That time suddenly a light lamp falls on Shiva's head. When he regains consciousness, he recovers his memories. Meanwhile, Shakthi waits for the bus, Deepa saw Shakthi and approaches her. A car hits Deepa, so Shakthi admits her in hospital with the name of her-Shakthi. But Deepa dies. Before she dies, she gave an evidence of Subadhra to Shakthi. As Shiva asked real Shakthi, Sundhar told all the plan of Subdhra and Shiva called police and they arrested Subadhra, Sangeetha and Nagalakshmi. As everyone searched Shakthi, Sundhar attend the call from hospital that one girl named Shakthi has died. Everyone went to the hospital and they all misunderstood that the died girl Deepa was Shakthi. Shiva often worries. Shakthi decides to move to Delhi with a her friend name as Deepa and she joins an company and she stayed there. After Shakthi learns she was pregnant. Finally Shakthi gave birth to a baby boy and Meenakshi gave birth to a baby girl. Shakthi is taken care by her friend Mahendra Singh.

### After eight years

Shiva and Shakthi's and Meenakshi and Sundar's respective children have grown up as Pugazh and Mithra. Pugazh hates his father and he didn't even know his father's name. One day Pugazh gone missing and Shiva rescue him. Without knowing that about their relationship Pugazh and Shiva loves each other and Pugazh call Shiva milkyman and Shiva call him milkyboy. They start to meet often and Shakthi felt happy with this. Aditya Yogi Shakthi's boss fall in love with Shakthi but as he learn about her relationship with Shiva he started to hatch plan to marry Shakthi. He did multiple crimes to make Shiva and Shakthi to didn't meet. As Aditya Yogi propose a marriage with Shakthi she frequently agrees with one-sided heart. Shiva also learn that she Shakthi is alive and they got a son which is Pugazh also got to know about Aditya Yogi plan to marry Shakthi so Shiva and Mahendra Singh rushed to the marriage hall. Shakthi also learn that Shiva is not married to Sangeeta that day and has remembered his memories in a YouTube video that Shiva has posted. While Pugazh learn that Shiva is his father he try to stop the wedding but kidnapped by Aditya Yogi and his friend. When Shakthi asked Aditya Yogi to stop the marriage but He blackmail and force her by telling that he kidnapped Pugazh. As reached the marriage hall Shiva and Mahendra Singh rescue Pugazh. Shiva also stopped the wedding and proposes to Shakthi. Aditya Yogi learn his mistake and get them married. Shakthi and Pugazh back to Shiva's home and Subadhra and her mother apologize to her. The rest of the story is about how Shiva and Shakthi going to keep their relationship happy from all the other struggles.

## Cast

### Main

* Reshma Muralidharan as Shakthi Shiva: A hard-working woman from a lower-middle-class family and Shiva's wife also Pugazh's foster mother. She has also portrayed characters such as Anushka Roy, Meera and Deepa. (2017–2021)
* Karthick Vasu (2019–2021) as Shiva: a man from a rich family who has recently returned from studies abroad to run a business, he hates women but he married Shakthi and Pugazh's foster father

### Recurring

* Eshwar Raghunathan as Mahendra Singh "Mahi": An employee in Delhi, also Shakthi's best friend and husband of Janaki (2020–2021)
* Sri Varshan Chinraj as Pugazhlendi "Pugazh" (2020–2021): Shakthi and Shiva's foster son. He is very adamant type also he hates his father but he loves Shiva.
* Monisha Arshak (2021) as Janaki Mahendra Singh: Shiva's biological sister and wife of Mahi
* Meena Kumari (2018–2021) as Subadhra: Sundar and Dharini's mother, Shiva and Janaki's paternal aunt
    + Yuvarani as Subadhra (2017–2018 and replaced by Meena)
* Uma Padmanabhan as Godhavari: Shakthi, Meenakshi, Anu and Durga's mother (2017–2021)
* Krithika Laddu as Meenakshi Sundar (2017–2021): Shakthi's elder sister and Sundhar's wife
* Hema as Mithra (2020–2021): Sundar and Meenakshi's daughter
* Kousalya Senthamarai as DIG Nagalakshmi "Paati": Subhadra's mother, Sundar and Dharini's grandmother (2017–2021)
* Diwakar as Ranveer / Surat Koli: Shiva's secretary also Shakthi's helper (2017–2021)
* Dhanalakshmi as Anu Venkat: Sakthi's sister (2017–2021)
* Santhosh as Venkat: Anu's husband (2018–2021)

### Others

* Madhan Pandian as Sundhar: Shiva's cousin, Meenakshi's husband and Subhadra's son (2017–2021)
* Karan Sagar as Sahil (2021): Pughal's biological father and Shushma's husband
* Revathy as Shushma (2021): Pughal's biological mother and Sahil's wife
* Ishwarya as Aishwariya: Shakthi, Meenakshi, Anu's cousin sister (2021)
    + Shamily Sukumar (2017–2020) as Aishwarya (replaced by Ishwarya)
    +
* Chandhini Prakash as Shakthi / Sangeetha: A fake Shakthi who was sent by Subhadra. But later it fails. Now she joined her hands with Mrinalini to revenge Sakthi (2019–2021)
* Vimal Venkatesan as Aadhitya Yogi: who loves Shakthi and manager in Delhi (2020–2021)
* Geetha Ravishankar as Aadhitya Yogi's mother (2020-2021)
* Meena Vemuri as Radhi: Aadhitya Yogi's relation (2020-2021)
* Chaitra Reddy as Mrinalini / Agniputhri : A criminal lady who sent by Yogi to separate Shiva and Sakthi and to attract Shiva (2020)
* Priya as Sujatha: Shakti's aunt and Godhavari's sister (2017–2018 & 2020)
* Nithyalakshmi as Ganga / Ranjith: Shakthi's college friend (2017–2019)
* Kiruthika (2018–2019) as Dharani Karthik: Sundhar's younger sister and Subhadra's daughter
* Raveena Daha as Durga: Shakthi's sister (2017–2019)
* L. Raja as Swaminathan: Shakthi, Meenakshi, Anu and Durga's father (killed by Subhadra) (2017–2019)
* Ashwanth Thilak as Karthik: Dharani's husband (2017–2018)
* Sai Priyanka Ruth as Nithya: Shiva's employee and fake fiancée (2017–2018)
* Bavithran as Gautham: Meenakshi's ex-fiancée (2017–2018)
* Ayyappan as Ashok: Sangeetha's estranged husband (2019)
* Hensha Deepan as Deepa: Shakthi's friend (died in serial) (2019–2020)

### Cameos

* Shreekumar as Inspector Sree: who appeared in Shiva and Shakthi's marriage (2017)
* Sanjay Kumar Asrani as a Doctor (2018)
* Bonda Mani as a thief (2020)
* Singamuthu as a thief (2020)
* Livingston as Poiyamozhi: The home minister (2020)
* Deepa Sree as Shakunthala: home minister Poiyamozhi's wife (2020)
* Thidiyan as Idai Azhagan: Poiyamozhi and Shakunthala's son (2020)

## Casting

Dancer Reshma was cast in the lead female role, though it is her first serial. She was previously best known as a *Dance Jodi Dance* contestant. Dinesh Gopalsamy, who had previously appeared in Vijay TV series *Pirivom Santhippom* and *Mahan*, was selected to portray the lead male role of Shiva. Actress Uma Padmanabhan was selected to the role of Gothavari. Actress Krithika Laddu was cast to play the role of Meenakshi, and Madhan Pandian for the role of Sundhar. From the Episode 612, Karthick Vasu of *Priyamanaval* and *Kalyanam Mudhal Kadhal Varai* fame was roped in as the male lead replacing Dinesh.

## Production

* On 22 March 2017, the first promo of the show's title song was released by Zee Tamil on Facebook, YouTube and Zee Official Website Page.
* This series' together with *Yaaradi Nee Mohini* series' first official photo was released on 4 February 2017 during the final episode of *Dance Jodi Dance*. The second cast interview was on Puthandu (Tamil New Year) on 14 April 2017 in the Chithirai Puthandu special programs hosted by Deepak Dinkar and Archana Chandhoke.
* Due to COVID-19 Pandemic situation Poove Poochoodava and all other Zee Tamil serials have stopped from 28 March. On 27 July all Zee Tamil Serials resumed with fresh episodes.

## Adaptations

| Language | Title | Original release | Network | Last aired | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Telugu | *Varudhini Parinayam*
వరూధినీ పరిణయం | 5 August 2013 | Zee Telugu | 10 August 2016 | Original |
| Tamil | *Poove Poochudava*
பூவே பூச்சூடவா | 24 April 2017 | Zee Tamil | 4 September 2021 | Remake |
| Kannada | *Gattimela*
ಗಟ್ಟಿಮೇಳ | 11 March 2019 | Zee Kannada | 5 January 2024 | |
| Malayalam | *Pookkalam Varavayi*
പൂക്കാലം വരവായ് | 1 July 2019 | Zee Keralam | 26 September 2021 | |
| Odia | *Sathire*
ସାଥିରେ | 3 October 2022 | Zee Sarthak | 30 September 2023 | |
| Punjabi | *Dildariyan*
ਦਿਲਦਾਰੀਆਂ | 14 November 2022 | Zee Punjabi | 6 October 2023 | |
| Bengali | *Mon Dite Chai*
মন দিতে চাই | 2 January 2023 | Zee Bangla | 24 May 2024 | |
| Marathi | *36 Guni Jodi*
३६ गुणी जोडी | 23 January 2023 | Zee Marathi | 24 December 2023 | |

## Reception

In March 2021, the marriage track of Poove Poochudava between Shakthi and Aadhitya Yogi, Shakthi found that Shiva was not married with Sangeetha and he got conscious. Then Shiva also found Shakthi was in Delhi with the help of Mahi. Then Shiva stopped the marriage of Shakthi with Yogi. Finally they both reunited after 8 years. These theme episodes preview of ZEE5 was trending on YouTube and one of those was in *#1 on Trending* for two days with 22 million views.

## Title song

The title song written by lyricist Daa. Ko, composed by Vishal Chandrasekhar and sung by Rita.

Track list
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Singer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Ethir Ethire" (title song) | Daa. Ko | Vishal Chandrasekhar | Rita | 2:00 |

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Recipient | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2018 | 1st Galatta Nakshathra Awards | Best Pair | Dinesh & Reshma Reya | Nominated |
| | | Best Serial | Poove Poochudava | Nominated |
| | Zee Tamil Kudumbam Viruthugal | Best serial | Poove Poochudava | Won |
| | Favourite serial | poove Poochudava | Nominated |
| | Favourite pair | Dinesh & Reshma Reya | Won |
| | Best pair | Dinesh & Reshma Reya | Nominated |
| | Favourite villi | Meena Kumari | Nominated |
| | Best villi | Meena Kumari | Nominated |
| | Best comedian | Kousalya | Won |
| | Best supporting actor male | Madhan | Won |
| | Best supporting actor female | Krithika | Won |
| | Best Actor | Dinesh | Nominated |
| | Best actress | Reshma Reya | Won |

## InfoBox

| *Poove Poochudava* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Soap opera |
| Written by | **Dialogues**
Mithra |
| Screenplay by | Sargunam Pungaraj |
| Directed by | * G. Manikanda Kumar (episodes 1-710) * Rathinam Vasudevan (episodes 710-1149) |
| Creative director | A. Abdullah |
| Starring |  |
| Theme music composer | Kiran |
| Opening theme | "Ethir Ethire" sung by Rita |
| Composers | Vishal Chandrasekar
(Title song) |
| Country of origin | India |
| Original language | Tamil |
| No. of episodes | 1149 |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | M.Saravanan
C.Murugan |
| Producers | Shruthi Narayanan
Ayisha Abdulla |
| Cinematography | Keshavan |
| Editor | S. Arul |
| Camera setup | Multi-camera |
| Running time | 22 minutes |
| Production company | Team Work Manthra |
| Original release | |
| Network | Zee Tamil |
| Release | 24 April 2017 (2017-04-24)
4 September 2021 (2021-09-04) |
| Related | |
| *Varudhini Parinayam* | |


title: ETransportation

abstract: eTransportation is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal covering all modes of transportation by using electricity. The journal was established in 2019 and is published by Elsevier. The editor-in-chief is Minggao Ouyang. It is emphasized that efforts to advocate UN's goals of sustainable development are welcomed, specifically "Affordable and clean energy".

text:
# ETransportation

***eTransportation*** is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal covering all modes of transportation by using electricity (vehicles, ships and airplanes). The journal was established in 2019 and is published by Elsevier. The editor-in-chief is Minggao Ouyang (Tsinghua University). It is emphasized that efforts to advocate UN's goals of sustainable development are welcomed, specifically "Affordable and clean energy".

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Ei Compendex, Scopus, and the Science Citation Index Expanded. According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 1.65.

1. "Aims and scope board". *eTransportation*. Elsevir. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
2. "Editorial board". *eTransportation*. Elsevir. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
3. "Content/Database Overview - Compendex Source List". *Engineering Village*. Elsevier. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
4. "Source details: eTransportation". *Scopus Preview*. Elsevier. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
5. "Web of Science Master Journal List". *Intellectual Property & Science*. Clarivate. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
6. "eTransportation". *2021 Journal Citation Reports*. Web of Science (Science ed.). \[Clarivate\]. 2022.

## InfoBox

*eTransportation*
| Discipline | Engineering |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Nelson Fumo |
| Publication details | |
| History | 2019-present |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Frequency | 4 per year |
| Open access | Yes |
| License | CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 |
| Impact factor | 1.65 (2021) |
| Standard abbreviations
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| ISO 4 | *eTransportation* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 2590-1168
 |
| OCLC no. | 1084327405 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Eagle Falls (Washington)

abstract: Eagle Falls is the uppermost waterfall on the South Fork Skykomish River in Washington. The falls are located downstream from the town of Baring and drop about 25 feet in a high volume cascade.

text:
# Eagle Falls (Washington)

**Eagle Falls** is the uppermost waterfall on the South Fork Skykomish River in Washington. The falls are located downstream from the town of Baring and drop about 25 feet in a high volume cascade.

## Recreation

A lot of recreational activities happen at and near Eagle Falls, usually in the summer. Shortly after the falls, the river flows into a huge, deep, green pool. People often swim here on a hot day. The fact that cliffs up to 60 feet high rise above the pool and a rope swing is also there only makes the area more popular.

This waterfall is also occasionally run by expert kayakers. It is considered a class 5+ rapid and should only be attempted by extremely experienced paddlers. It has been the site of a fatal attempt.

47°47′44″N 121°30′51″W / 47.79556°N 121.51417°W / 47.79556; -121.51417

## InfoBox

| Eagle Falls | |
| --- | --- |
| The fall cerca 1910. | |
|  | |
| Location | Snohomish County, Washington, U.S. |
| Type | Cascade |
| Total height | 25 ft (8 m) |
| Number of drops | 1 |
| Average width | 50 ft (16 m) |
| Watercourse | South Fork Skykomish River |


title: Eagle Falls (Kimberley)

abstract: The Eagle Falls are on the Drysdale River in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. They are regularly travelled to by helicopters associated with Kimberley coastal cruises. They are not the only named waterfalls on the river - the largest are the Solea Falls just north of the Johnston Creek fork; other named falls in the catchment include Bango Falls on the tributary Bango Creek. Other significant waterfalls in the Kimberley region include the King George Falls east of the Drysdale catchment.

text:
# Eagle Falls (Kimberley)

The **Eagle Falls** are on the Drysdale River in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.

They are regularly travelled to by helicopters associated with Kimberley coastal cruises.

They are not the only named waterfalls on the river - the largest are the Solea Falls just north of the Johnston Creek fork (this creek also has the Cracitus Falls); other named falls in the catchment include Bango Falls on the tributary Bango Creek.

Other significant waterfalls in the Kimberley region include the King George Falls east of the Drysdale catchment.

17°50′53″S 126°36′32″E / 17.848°S 126.609°E / -17.848; 126.609

## InfoBox

| Eagle Falls | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Kimberley, Western Australia |
| Watercourse | Drysdale River |


abstract: Eagle Farm Women's Prison and Factory Site is a heritage-listed archaeological site at 116 Lamington Avenue, Eagle Farm, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It operated between 1829 and 1839 as part of the Moreton Bay penal settlement. It is on the site now part of the Australia TradeCoast, previously the Eagle Farm Airport. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005. The site was listed on the Register of the National Estate and is also included on the Queensland Heritage Register. The site is historically important as one of a small number of convict sites remaining in Queensland with surviving original fabric.

text:
# Eagle Farm Women's Prison and Factory Site

**Eagle Farm Women's Prison and Factory Site** (also known as Eagle Farm Agricultural Establishment) is a heritage-listed archaeological site at 116 Lamington Avenue, Eagle Farm, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It operated between 1829 and 1839 as part of the Moreton Bay penal settlement. It is on the site now part of the Australia TradeCoast, previously the Eagle Farm Airport. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005.

The site was listed on the Register of the National Estate and is also included on the Queensland Heritage Register. The site is historically important as one of a small number of convict sites remaining in Queensland with surviving original fabric (even though only as an archaeological deposit).

## History

Female convicts sent to the Moreton Bay penal settlement (who, like the men, were double offenders) were originally housed in a women's gaol, or Female Factory, in Queen Street, Brisbane, on the site of the present General Post Office, Brisbane.

In September 1829 Commandant Patrick Logan of the Moreton Bay Penal Settlement founded a secondary agricultural establishment at Eagle Farm approximately eight miles from Brisbane. One hundred and fifty men were deployed to clear the scrub. By January 1832 about 680 acres (280 ha) were under cultivation with mostly maize and some potatoes, some cattle and pigs were also being raised. Working so near the Eagle Farm swamp caused a noticeable increase in malaria amongst the convicts, but despite calls for its abandonment, the farm was maintained. By 1836, 768 acres (311 ha) had been cleared, but no more than 46 acres (19 ha) were under cultivation. However, a historical report produced by Paul Ashron and Sue Rosen in 1990 suggests the area under cultivation was closer to 700 acres (280 ha). Prangley in "The Eagle Farm agricultural establishment" was unable to be definitive on this issue, saying the amount of actual area under cultivation "remains unclear".

The impetus to move the women convicts from Queen Street to Eagle Farm was their proximity to the main male population in Brisbane, which led to sexual forays between the women and soldiers and officials of the colony, despite the high stone walls of the factory being topped with broken glass. These forbidden fraternisations intensely annoyed the penal colony's Commandant, Captain Foster Fyans. Women caught were put in solitary confinement in tiny cells, put in irons or had their heads shaved. Patrick McDonald was replaced as supervisor for having aided and abetted access by amorous constables. In August 1836 Fyans caught the colony's Chief Constable climbing over the walls by means of an "ingenious ladder", which prompted him to reduce the numbers of women in Brisbane Town to 14 of the oldest.

There are conflicting reports about when the first female convicts started working at the farm and factory. The Queensland Heritage Register says by 1830, the Australian Heritage Database says by 1834. Prangley notes there is mention of three dairywomen in the work list for 1828, but these may have been associated with the principal colony farm at New Farm. All sources agree by 1836 there were 40 women, when conditions of the farm and factory were documented by the Quaker missionaries James Backhouse and George Walker.

Women worked in the fields and in the prison, doing needlework, laundry, unpicking ropes and even in road construction. Several timber slab buildings included the farm superintendent's house, a two-room building for male prisoners who did heavy work, the Matron's Quarters, a female factory with four rooms and sundry separate buildings including a one-room store, a one-room school and a one room hospital. The cook house had two rooms, one being a needle room where prisoners worked at sewing. The actual prison where women were locked up at night was a building containing six cells with a tall stockade or pallisade type fence, the outer wall 5.2-metre (17 ft) high poles, the tops of which were sharpened.

Stationing female felons at Eagle Farm was an attempt to reduce fraternisation between the women and male convicts and the military, with the latter being forbidden to cross the bridge at Breakfast Creek. Despite these precautions, assignations were frequent, occurring in the long grass around the farm.

In the first years of the penal settlement there was a substantial population of local Aborigines in the area, their numbers depending on the season. In April 1836 Dr Robertson, the penal surgeon, wrote of the long road between Brisbane and Eagle Farm passing through "the fishing ground of a tribe of aboriginal natives; at seasons of the year they are very dangerous and troublesome." This was at odds with the observations of Commandant Cotton the following year who wrote "the tribes which occupy the lands immediately adjacent to Brisbane Town, after an acquaintance of several years, come amongst us in confidence, a good understanding prevails between them and us… These tribes were formerly extremely hostile…".

By August 1836 the number of women at the original female factory in Queen Street had increased to 76. By the end of June 1836 the construction of strong slab cells at Eagle Farm was considered necessary and in 1837 all female prisoners in Brisbane Town were removed to Eagle Farm. By November 1838 the decision had been taken to abandon the Moreton Bay penal settlement and the numbers of convicts, both men and women, started declining rapidly as the penal settlement began to wind up.

By March 1839 the Eagle Farm Women's Prison and Factory consisted of a Supervisor's cottage with walls plastered internally and externally, with detached slab kitchen at rear. A two-roomed hut occupied by male convicts and two-roomed hut serving as matron's quarters, with another room under construction and a slab kitchen at rear. All were slab buildings including the Female Factory which comprised a number of four-roomed accommodation buildings; a store, a school, a hospital (plastered) and workhouse, each of one room; a two-roomed building housing the cook house and needle room; and a block of six cells. The area was surrounded by a double fence, the outer being a stockade of strut poles with sharp tops, 17 feet (5.2 m) high, 320 feet (98 m) long and 311 feet (95 m) deep.

In May 1839 the remaining 57 convict women were shipped to Sydney and the penal settlement at Eagle Farm was effectively closed, becoming a government cattle station by 1841. In 1841 the superintendent's quarters were occupied by assistant surveyor Robert Dixon and then briefly by Stephen Simpson, Commissioner for Crown Lands. In 1842 the land was surveyed, put up for public auction and subsequently farmed.

From the 1840s to the 1930s the land was used for mixed farming including citrus fruit, dairying, cattle grazing, and small crops. Aborigines were known to raid produce and dwellings in the vicinity of Brisbane including small farms from Breakfast Creek to Eagle Farm, mostly in the period 1845-54 after the penal settlement was closed down and the area was opened to white settlers. In 1850, 31 Aborigines armed with spears and waddies descended on Breakfast Creek and dug up the potatoes of Martin Frawley, the former convict miller turned farmer.

The buildings on the women's prison site were demolished at an unknown date. The superintendent's house was thought to have survived until at least 1890.

In 1922, the land was acquired by the Australian Government for an aerodrome, the Eagle Farm Airport. In 1925 a hangar was built for government use and in 1927 a hangar was built for Qantas. Aviation pioneers such as Charles Kingsford Smith, Charles Ulm, Bert Hinkler and Amy Johnson used the airport. The site ceased operation as an aerodrome in 1931, although it continued to be used for gliders. However, in World War II, the site was refurbished in 1942 as a major airbase for the US Pacific Military Command. This involved covering the site with fill of variable depth. After the war, in 1949 Eagle Farm became Brisbane's main airport, known as Brisbane Airport. In 1988 the airport closed again, aviation moving to the present Cribb Island site as Brisbane International Airport. The women's prison site then became an open grassed area.

The site remains one of only six surviving in Brisbane from the convict period, with the former Moreton Bay penal settlement being one of only seven sites in Australia associated with secondary punishment.

## Description

The old Eagle Farm airport, of which the site of the former Eagle Farm convict settlement forms part, is bounded on the south by Lamington Avenue and the Pinkenba Railway, to the east by Viola Place, to the west by the Gateway Arterial Road, to the north-west by a drainage channel and to the north-east by Lomandra Drive and Cassia Place. The land in the centre of the area is now flat and featureless, apart from remnant structures from WWII and the remains of runways from the post- war development of the airport.

Virtually none of the old airport area exists as it did prior to European settlement. Only the foundations of the Eagle Farm Settlement survive, having been covered with fill in 1942. The Allison Engine Testing Stands and Second World War Hangar No. 7 from World War II also survived on the former airport site and are both separately heritage-listed.

## Heritage listing

Eagle Farm Women's Prison and Factory Site was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005 having satisfied the following criteria.

**The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.**

The Eagle Farm Women's Prison and Factory Site is significant as one of few sites surviving in Brisbane from the convict period and a remnant of only seven sites associated with secondary punishment in Australia. Further, the Women's Prison and Factory Site is one of even fewer sites, both in Brisbane and in the national context, associated specifically with female felons.

**The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage.**

The Eagle Farm Women's Prison and Factory Site is significant as one of the earliest sites of building activity in Queensland, initial construction having occurred within 5 years of the establishment of the settlement of Brisbane Town.

**The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland's history.**

The Eagle Farm Women's Prison and Factory Site has potential to reveal substrata evidence of a number of factors including the administration of the convict system in the final years of transportation, the confinement and punishment of female convicts, building materials and construction technology and artefacts associated with the activities, occupations and social status of groups and individuals.

**The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.**

The establishment of the Eagle Farm Women's Prison and Factory Site is associated with early historical figures such as New South Wales Governor, Ralph Darling and Commandant Logan.

### Attribution

This Wikipedia article incorporates text from *"The Queensland heritage register"* published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 7 July 2014, archived on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were computed from the *"Queensland heritage register boundaries"* published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 5 September 2014, archived on 15 October 2014).

## InfoBox

| Eagle Farm Women's Prison and Factory | |
| --- | --- |
| Footpath through the site, 2015 | |
| Location | 116 Lamington Avenue, Eagle Farm, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia |
| Coordinates | 27°25′34″S 153°05′18″E / 27.4262°S 153.0882°E / -27.4262; 153.0882 |
| Design period | 1824–1841 (convict settlement) |
| Built | 1830–1839 |
|  | |
| Queensland Heritage Register | |
| Official name | Eagle Farm Women's Prison and Factory Site, Eagle Farm Agricultural Establishment, Eagle Farm Women's Prison and Factory |
| Type | state heritage (archaeological) |
| Designated | 7 February 2005 |
| Reference no. | 600186 |
| Significant period | 1830s (historical) |
| Significant components | prison/factory/gaol |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Eagle Farm Women's Prison and Factory in Queensland | |


title: Earl Foster Thomson

abstract: Lieutenant Earl "Tommy" Thomson was an Olympic equestrian who won 5 medals during his international career. He was born in Cleveland.

text:
# Earl Foster Thomson

**Lieutenant Earl** "**Tommy**" **Thomson** (August 14, 1900 – July 1971) was an Olympic equestrian who won 5 medals during his international career. He was born in Cleveland.

## Biography

Graduating from West Point in 1922, Thomson earned the Silver Star in World War II while he was serving as chief of staff to the 10th Mountain Division in Italy.

Trained under Harry Chamberlin, Thomson had an extremely successful equestrian Olympic career. He finished individually second, and won team gold, at his first Olympic competition in 1932.

At the 1936 Olympics, he won the team gold and individual silver in eventing on the legendary mare Jenny Camp, being one of the few riders, and the only American, to successfully negotiate the 4th obstacle on cross-country, a water jump. This obstacle included a 3' jump into the water and, for most of the competitors, they found that the footing on the bottom was slippery and it was much deeper than it looked. This obstacle created considerable controversy as the entire German team made it through, suggesting that the home team could have had prior knowledge regarding the footing.

In 1948, Thomson competed in the dressage competition with Pancraft to win the team silver (after the gold medal-winning Swedish team was disqualified due to one of its members being an enlisted man rather than an officer). This is, to-date, the highest team medal the US has won in dressage competition. That same year, he finished with the team gold medal on Reno Rhythm

He also served as the chef d'equipe for the eventing team at the 1960 Olympics in Rome, and was a judge at the 1952 Olympic Games.

Thomson died in July 1971 at the age of 70.

* Bryant, Jennifer O. *Olympic Equestrian, A Century of International Horse Sport*. Lexington, KY: Blood-Horse Publications, 2008

## InfoBox

Earl Foster Thomson
| <br>At West Point in 1922 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Medal record | | |
| Equestrian | | |
| Representing the  United States | | |
| Olympic Games | | |
|  | 1932 Los Angeles | Team eventing |
|  | 1948 London | Team eventing |
|  | 1932 Los Angeles | Individual eventing |
|  | 1936 Berlin | Individual eventing |
|  | 1948 London | Team dressage |