title: Seán Ryan (fiddler)

abstract: Seán Ryan (1919–1985) was a famous Irish master fiddler and whistler. Ryan was born at Nenagh, County Tipperary, Ireland. He won the Oireachtas in 1954, the Senior All Ireland Fiddle Championship in 1955 and 1956, and the All Ireland Duet Championship title with P.J. Moloney in 1956. Ryan had 3 sisters and 6 brothers. His 3 sisters and 2 of his brothers have also died. Ryan came up from Nenagh to Garryhinch, Portarlington where he stayed with his grandmother, and it was while he was living with his grandmother that he met his first wife Anna Dunne. The couple got married in November 1945 and settled in Cloneyhurke. They had 7 children and 5 out of the 7 live around the Cloneyhurke area to date. Ryan composed some music in Cloneyhurke. Ryan's home in Cloneyhurke became a talking point with the locals as many famous musicians; e.g. Barney Mc Kenna, Joe Burke came to their home to play music with Ryan. Ryan's wife Anna died in March 1957. Ryan married his second wife Kathleen in 1966, and they settled in Rosenallis, and they had 3 children. He composed most of his tunes here.

text:
# Seán Ryan (fiddler)

**Seán Ryan** (1919–1985) was a famous Irish master fiddler and whistler.

Ryan was born at Nenagh, County Tipperary, Ireland. He won the Oireachtas in 1954, the Senior All Ireland Fiddle Championship in 1955 and 1956, and the All Ireland Duet Championship title with P.J. Moloney in 1956. Ryan had 3 sisters and 6 brothers. His 3 sisters and 2 of his brothers have also died. Ryan came up from Nenagh to Garryhinch, Portarlington where he stayed with his grandmother, and it was while he was living with his grandmother that he met his first wife Anna Dunne. The couple got married in November 1945 and settled in Cloneyhurke. They had 7 children and 5 out of the 7 live around the Cloneyhurke area to date. Ryan composed some music in Cloneyhurke. Ryan's home in Cloneyhurke became a talking point with the locals as many famous musicians; e.g. Barney Mc Kenna, Joe Burke came to their home to play music with Ryan. Ryan's wife Anna died in March 1957. Ryan married his second wife Kathleen in 1966, and they settled in Rosenallis, and they had 3 children. He composed most of his tunes here.

## Discography (incomplete)

* *Traditional Music of Ireland vol.1*. Avoca Record Co. 33 AV 121, 1960. With P.J.Moloney.
* *Traditional Music of Ireland vol.2*. Avoca Record Co. 33 AV 134. With Peter Carberry.
* "Port Gael-Linn" - Track 13 on *Milestone At The Garden: Irish Fiddle Masters From The 78 RPM Era*
* *Back Home to the Cliffs of Moher*. As "Seán Ryan, Kathleen Ryan and Pat Lyons" aka "Seán Ryan Trio". Outlet Records SOLP 1012, 1972. Reissued on CD as Outlet PTICD 1012. Contents: St. Andrews ; The swallow—Reavy's ; The brook—Sliabh bloom ; Frost is all over—Charlie Mulvhill's ; McCollam's -- Tommy Coen's reels—The eel in the sink ; Larry Redigan's -- Providence ; Trip to Nenagh—Anne Sheehy's ; The stage—Pipe on the hob ; Coleman's -- Kiss me Kate ; Sean Ryan's -- Thornton's ; Tommy Maguire's -- Fahy's jigs. Track listing at irishtune.info
* *A Collection of His Own Compositions and His Versions of Well Known Traditional Tunes*. No publication information was included in the CD materials. Track listing at irishtune.info


title: Chronicles of Wormwood

abstract: Chronicles of Wormwood is a comic book series published by Avatar Press. It consists of two mini-series and one one-shot, all written by Garth Ennis, drawn primarily by Jacen Burrows and Oscar Jimenez, and colored by Andrew Dalhouse.

text:
# Chronicles of Wormwood

***Chronicles of Wormwood*** is a comic book series published by Avatar Press. It consists of two mini-series and one one-shot, all written by Garth Ennis, drawn primarily by Jacen Burrows and Oscar Jimenez, and colored by Andrew Dalhouse.

## Synopsis

*Chronicles of Wormwood* is the story of Danny Wormwood, a benevolent Antichrist, with his best friend being a reincarnated Jesus Christ, and a talking rabbit (Jimmy). The story follows God (Jesus's father) and Satan's (Danny's father) attempts to convince Danny to begin Armageddon, despite his objections. The series also features an afterlife roadtrip and the Vatican's alliance with the devil. This latter part puts Danny in extreme danger, as the Holy Roman Church knows Danny's weaknesses and is willing to share.

## Main characters

**Danny Wormwood**: The Antichrist and Cable TV executive. He is the son of the Devil and a human woman. Despite his intended role and supposed inherent evil, he is a good, generally well meaning man (if foul mouthed and slightly manipulative). He has decided against starting Armageddon as he believes it is best to just leave humanity to its own devices and decide its own progress. He has the power to permanently change one thing a day.

**Jesus**: Reborn on Earth to play his part in Armageddon, he becomes Danny's best friend (despite the eternal rivalry of their families from Heaven and Hell). He has refused to do any more of God's bidding and started a peace movement to protest the war in Iraq. He fell victim to police brutality and went into a coma for several years. He came out mildly brain-damaged, though he has recently been seen to making a recovery. He was seen explaining socialism and capitalism to 'Fuck Nose' and why one might seem to work while the other doesn't.

**Jimmy**: A talking rabbit. One of Danny's few friends. He tends to torment people online, notably *Star Wars* fans. In the first issue, while explaining his powers, Danny says he doesn't know why he decided to make a talking rabbit.

**Pope Jacko**: The Pope of the Catholic Church. Jacko is Australian and wishes to use the forthcoming end of the world to his own advantage. He was chosen only because the other candidate was black. Jacko breaks the traditional vow of celibacy by, among many other deviant sexual acts, being done up the arse by a nun (who is actually the Devil in disguise) with a strap-on. In the "Last Enemy" one-shot, he sends Brother One to retrieve Jesus in order to help cure him of AIDS. When this plan fails, he dies, and is supposedly taken to Hell by a demon posing as one of his aides.

**Fuck Nose**: A bartender at Danny's favorite watering hole, "J. Smith's". He makes fun of Jay's condition, so Danny switches his penis with his nose. At the end of the first series, Danny 'fixes' things, but the end result is the man's head now resembles the tip of his penis. In the sequel to the first series, Danny restores the man to normal. His real name is Cedric.

**Frank Hardy and Nick Puglio**: The creative duo behind many of Danny's productions, Frank and Nick have conflicting personalities but work well together. Frank is soft-spoken and polite, Nick belligerent and short-tempered. Their credits include "I Screwed the President's Wife".

**The Devil**: Danny's father and the ruler of Hell. He is trying to convince Danny to start the Apocalypse.

**Brother One**: Also known as the Killer Eunuch (for rather disgusting reasons), he is an assassin sent by the Vatican to retrieve Jesus in the "Last Enemy" one shot. He wields a pair of holy daggers, able to harm Danny. After accosting Jesus and Jimmy at J. Smith's, he follows the two to Wormwood's office, where he is killed when Danny launches him out of a window.

## Collected editions

## InfoBox

| *Chronicles of Wormwood* | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover to *Chronicles of Wormwood* #1. Art by Jacen Burrows. | |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | Avatar Press |
| Schedule | Monthly |
| Format | Limited series |
| Publication date | 2006-2007 |
| No. of issues | 6 |
| Creative team | |
| Created by | Garth Ennis |
| Written by | Garth Ennis |
| Artist(s) | Jacen Burrows |
| Collected editions | |
| *Chronicles of Wormwood* | ISBN 1-59291-041-6 |


title: Robinson v Kilvert

abstract: Robinson v Kilvert (1889) LR 41 ChD 88 is an English tort law case concerning nuisance. It deals with what is sometimes called the issue of a "sensitive claimant".

text:
# Robinson v Kilvert

***Robinson v Kilvert*** (1889) LR 41 ChD 88 is an English tort law case concerning nuisance. It deals with what is sometimes called the issue of a "sensitive claimant".

## Facts

A landlord’s cellar maintained an 80 °F (27 °C) temperature for its business, and the heat affected a tenant's paper warehouse business on a floor above.

## Judgment

The court held that the tenant had no remedy because the landlord was a reasonable user of his property.

> **Cotton LJ**
>
> This is an appeal by the Plaintiff from a judgment of the Vice-Chancellor of the County Palatine who has dismissed his action. The Plaintiff occupies, as tenant to the Defendants, the ground floor of a warehouse in Manchester . After the lease had been granted the Defendants, who retained in their occupation the cellar below the room demised to the Plaintiff, commenced carrying on the manufacture of paper boxes, which required heat and dry air. They accordingly put up pipes to heat their cellar. The heat went up to the floor of the Plaintiff's room, and to some extent prejudicially affected his business, which was that of a dealer in twine and paper. The evidence appears to establish that the heat injures the Plaintiff's stock of brown paper by drying it and preventing it from acquiring weight. The Vice-Chancellor considered it to be made out that the Plaintiff had sustained an appreciable loss, but held that the Defendants were not liable.
>
> The case was mainly put before the Vice-Chancellor on the ground that the Defendants had given an implied warranty that the premises were proper for the purpose of a twine and paper warehouse, and that anything done by the Defendants which made them unfit for it was a derogation from their grant. The Vice-Chancellor in my opinion rightly held that there was no such implied warranty. Before us the case has been rested on other and more tenable grounds. It was first argued as a case of nuisance. Now the heat is not excessive, it does not rise above 80ø at the floor, and in the room itself it is not nearly so great, If a person does what in itself is noxious, or which interferes with the ordinary use and enjoyment of a neighbour's property, it is a nuisance. But no case has been cited where the doing something not in itself noxious has been held a nuisance, unless it interferes with the ordinary enjoyment of life, or the ordinary use of property for the purposes of residence or business. It would, in my opinion, be wrong to say that the doing something not in itself noxious is a nuisance because it does harm to some particular trade in the adjoining property, although it would not prejudicially affect any ordinary trade carried on there, and does not interfere with the ordinary enjoyment of life. Here it is shewn that ordinary paper would not be damaged by what the Defendants are doing, but only a particular kind of paper, and it is not shewn that there is heat such as to incommode the workpeople on the Plaintiff's premises. I am of opinion, therefore, that the Plaintiff is not entitled to relief on the ground that what the Defendants are doing is a nuisance.
>
> Then it was contended that there was an implied contract between the landlords and the tenant, of which the Defendants' proceedings are a breach. The alleged contract is that the Defendants would not do anything to interfere with the Plaintiff's trade. Now to determine into what implied contract the Defendants can be considered to have entered, we must consider what was known to them when they let the property. They undoubtedly knew that the Plaintiff took it for the purposes of his business as a twine and paper merchant, but it is not shewn that they knew anything as to his dealing in any particular class of paper. A case was alleged as to injury to tissue paper, but the evidence failed to establish it, there was no evidence that the heat had injured it, and there was sufficient evidence to shew that the heat in this room would not injure ordinary kinds of paper. The Defendants are not paper merchants, and cannot be assumed to have known, as it is not a matter of common knowledge, that such a degree of heat would injure this kind of paper, and it would in my opinion be wrong to imply a contract on their part not to do anything which would raise the temperature to this extent. The Plaintiff saw the boiler in the cellar, and if he wished to have a temperature not rising above the natural temperature of the air he ought to have bargained for a stipulation in his lease that nothing should be done in the cellar which would raise the temperature on his floor. He asked to have a stove put into his room, which would give the Defendants to understand that it was not necessary for him to have the air in its natural state. In my opinion, therefore, there is no such implied contract as the Plaintiff contends, and he is not entitled to complain of what the Defendants are doing. He must try whether he cannot stop the hot air from coming in through the chinks in the floor.
>
> **Lindley LJ**
>
> I have come to the same conclusion as the Vice-Chancellor though I do not quite agree with him as to the way of arriving at it. He founded his judgment mainly on the absence of any implied covenant that the property was fit for the purpose for which it was taken, the Plaintiff having at first rested his case on the implication of such a covenant. Before us the Plaintiff has put his case better; viz., first, on the ground that what the Defendants are doing amounts to nuisance; secondly, on the ground that what the Defendants are doing is a breach of an implied covenant for quiet enjoyment, the premises being, as he alleges, fit for the purpose for which they were let, and being made unfit for it by the act of the lessors; and, thirdly, which really comes to the same thing, that the lessors are by their acts derogating from their own grant.
>
> As regards the question of nuisance, the lessors heat the air of their cellar so as to raise the temperature of the Plaintiff's room. There is no evidence to shew that the heat is such as to interfere with the comfort of the Plaintiff's workpeople, but there is evidence to shew that it damages one sort of paper sold by the Plaintiff, and so to some extent interferes with his use of the demised property. The Plaintiff contends that this establishes a case of nuisance, and he relies upon *Cooke v. Forbes* Law Rep. 5 Eq. 166, in the head-note to which it is laid down that
>
> > “It is no answer to a complaint by a manufacturer of a nuisance to his trade, to say that the injury is felt only by reason of the delicate nature of the manufacture.”
>
> But that head-note goes too far, further than is warranted by the case. The defendants there were pouring into the air sulphuretted hydrogen, a gas of an offensive and noxious character. Now, if a man pours gas of that description into the atmosphere he does it at his own risk, and it may well be that he is liable for any damage done by it to a neighbour, although such damage would not accrue if the neighbour's manufacture were not of a delicate description. But there is a very broad difference between poisoning the atmosphere with sulphuretted hydrogen and doing something not in itself noxious, and which makes the neighbouring property no worse for any of the ordinary purposes of trade.
>
> Then as to the breach of an implied agreement for quiet enjoyment. We have here an agreement for a lease with nothing in it to shew that goods requiring any particular protection were to be kept on the premises. *Bandy v. Cartwright* 8 Ex. 913 shews that under a demise by parol there is an implied covenant for quiet enjoyment. The lessors here are not at liberty to do anything which will make the property unfit for the purpose for which it is let. The extent of the operation of a covenant for quiet enjoyment has been enlarged by the later authorities. In *Sanderson v. Mayor of Berwick-upon-Tweed* 13 Q. B. D. 547, 551. Lord Justice Fry, in delivering the judgment of the Court of Appeal, says: “In coming to this conclusion we have not lost sight of the observations on the nature of such a covenant which were made by Willes, J., in *Dennett v. Atherton* Law Rep. 7 Q. B. 316, 326, 327. But it appears to us to be in every case a question of fact whether the quiet enjoyment of the land has or has not been interrupted; and, where the ordinary and lawful enjoyment of the demised land is substantially interfered with by the acts of the lessor, or those lawfully claiming under him, the covenant appears to us to be broken, although neither the title to the land nor the possession of the land may be otherwise affected.” This doctrine is in advance of the older authorities, but I accept it, and if the effect of what the Defendants are doing had been to make the Plaintiff's room unfit for storing paper I should have been prepared to hold that there was a breach. But the evidence falls short of that—it does not shew that the room is made unfit for a paper warehouse—but only that it is made unfit for storing particular kind of paper. Now if a tenant wants extraordinary protection for a particular branch of trade he must bargain for it in his lease. I am of opinion, therefore, that the Vice-Chancellor came to a correct result.
>
> **Lopes LJ**
>
> I am of the same opinion. I think the Plaintiff cannot complain of what is being done as a nuisance. A man who carries on an exceptionally delicate trade cannot complain because it is injured by his neighbour doing something lawful on his property, if it is something which would not injure anything but an exceptionally delicate trade. *Cooke v. Forbes* has been disposed of by Lord Justice Lindley. In the present case the Defendants are not shewn to have done anything which would injure an ordinary trade, and cannot, in my opinion, be held liable on the ground of nuisance. Then as to the contention that the Defendants have broken an implied agreement not to do anything which will make the property unfit for the purpose for which it was let, we must look to what the Defendants at the time of letting knew as to the purpose for which the demised property was to be used. They knew that it was to be used for a paper warehouse, but they did not know that it was to be used for the storage of a kind of paper which would be damaged if the temperature were raised beyond the natural temperature of the air. If the goods to be stored wanted that special protection the Plaintiff should have bargained for it. I agree, therefore, that the appeal must be dismissed.

## InfoBox

| Robinson v Kilvert | |
| --- | --- |
| Citation | (1889) LR 41 ChD 88 |


title: Vertamae Smart-Grosvenor

abstract: Vertamae Smart-Grosvenor was an American culinary anthropologist, griot, poet, food writer, and broadcaster on public media. Born into a Gullah family in the Low Country of South Carolina, she moved with them as a child to Philadelphia during the Great Migration. Later she lived in Paris before settling in New York City. She was active in the Black Arts Movement and performed on Broadway. Her travels informed her cooking and appreciation of food as culture. She was known for her cookbook-memoir, Vibration Cooking: or, The Travel Notes of a Geechee Girl (1970), and published numerous essays and articles. She produced two award-winning documentaries and was a commentator for years on NPR, serving as a contributor to its NOW series. Grosvenor also appeared in several films, including Personal Problems (1980), an independent film by Bill Gunn, Daughters of the Dust (1992), about a Gullah family in 1902 during a time of transition on the Sea Islands, and Beloved (1998), based on Toni Morrison's 1987 novel of the same name. She was in a National Geographic documentary about the Gullah people.

text:
# Vertamae Smart-Grosvenor

**Vertamae Smart-Grosvenor** (April 4, 1937 – September 3, 2016) was an American culinary anthropologist, griot, poet, food writer, and broadcaster on public media. Born into a Gullah family in the Low Country of South Carolina, she moved with them as a child to Philadelphia during the Great Migration. Later she lived in Paris before settling in New York City. She was active in the Black Arts Movement and performed on Broadway.

Her travels informed her cooking and appreciation of food as culture. She was known for her cookbook-memoir, *Vibration Cooking: or, The Travel Notes of a Geechee Girl* (1970), and published numerous essays and articles. She produced two award-winning documentaries and was a commentator for years on NPR, serving as a contributor to its *NOW* series.

Grosvenor also appeared in several films, including *Personal Problems* (1980), an independent film by Bill Gunn, *Daughters of the Dust* (1992), about a Gullah family in 1902 during a time of transition on the Sea Islands, and *Beloved* (1998), based on Toni Morrison's 1987 novel of the same name. She was in a National Geographic documentary about the Gullah people.

## Early life and education

Vertamae Smart was born in 1937 as a pre-mature twin; her twin brother died at birth. She was raised in Hampton County, South Carolina, in the Low Country. She grew up speaking Gullah, as her parents' families had been in the area for centuries and were part of that ethnic group and culture. In this area, Africans were concentrated in large populations on relatively isolated Sea Island plantations and in the Low Country; they developed a unique creole culture and language with strong ties to Africa.

Smart grew up on Low Country cuisine. She recounted her paternal grandmother Estella Smart's way with oysters in her first cookbook, published in 1970. Recognizing common practices between contemporary African cooking and that of Low Country African Americans, she became interested in food and cooking as expressions of culture.

When she was about eight, her family moved from the Gullah Geechee Corridor in the Low Country to Philadelphia. She lived there through her teenage years and, as a latchkey kid and an only child, she "had lots of time to experiment with cooking." "I would use up all the food experimenting and she \[my mother\] would never fuss," writes Grosvenor in *Vibration Cooking.* "I now realize how uptight it must have put her cause we were so poor and every bit of food counted."

## Early career

In 1958, at the age of 19, Smart took off for Paris, France, intending to pursue theater in the bohemian circles of Europe. She also traveled to cities in Italy and other European countries. In Paris, she recognized that a Senegalese woman selling food on the street was using techniques she knew from her family and the Low Country cuisine. She began to write about food and cooking as a way of expressing one's culture.

In Paris, she met Bob Grosvenor, whom she later married. After she was told by a friend that there was a store that "sold frozen lion's tails and elephant tails with green peas," one of her hobbies in Paris was looking for "unusual food stores."

In 1968, Grosvenor returned to Paris, where she lived for a period of time with her two children, Kali and Chandra.

She eventually settled in New York City, where she pursued acting, making it to Broadway, where she played Big Pearl in *Mandingo*. She was attracted to the Black Arts Movement and its artists, including Nikki Giovanni and Leroi Jones, both of whom she refers to in *Vibration Cooking*. She became personally involved in the movement. For three years, she was a chanter, dancer, costume designer, member, and often cook of Sun Ra's Solar-Myth Arkestra.

### Broadcasting

Grosvenor was a long-time contributor to public broadcasting in the United States. She was a commentator on NPR's *All Things Considered* and a regular contributor to NPR's *Cultural Desk.* Early notable programs were her documentaries *Slave Voices: Things Past Telling* (1983), and *Daufuskie: Never Enough Too Soon,* which earned her a Robert F. Kennedy Award and an Ohio State Award.

From 1988 to 1995, she was the host of NPR's documentary series *Horizons*. Her work there included *AIDS and Black America: Breaking the Silence* on the AIDS crisis in the United States, which won two awards, a duPont-Columbia Award and an Ohio State Award, in 1990. She also produced a program on connections between indigenous people of South Africa and African Americans, *South Africa and the African-American Experience*.

She was the host of the radio shows *Seasonings*, a series of holiday specials on food, cooking, and culture, which won a James Beard Award in 1996 for Best Radio Show; and *The Americas' Family Kitchen* on PBS, which led to a television spinoff called *Vertamae Cooks*.

### Writing

Grosvenor is the author of several books on African-American cooking, but is perhaps most famous for *Vibration Cooking: or, the Travel Notes of a Geechee Girl* (1970), an autobiographical cookbook and memoir. Grosvenor's *Thursdays and Every Other Sunday Off: A Domestic Rap* (1972), about the experiences and lives of domestic workers, was published by Doubleday as a work of sociology.

In addition to books, she has been a contributing editor to *Élan* and *Essence* magazines. She has published articles in the *Village Voice*, *The New York Times*, and *The Washington Post*.

She has published under multiple names, including Vertamae Smart-Grosvenor, Verta Smart, and Vertamae Grosvenor.

### *Vibration Cooking: or, the Travel Notes of a Geechee Girl*

*Vibration Cooking: or, the Travel Notes of a Geechee Girl*, published 1970 and reprinted in 1986, 1992, and 2011, is Grosvenor's first book. Through her prose and her recipes, she writes of her travels, her experiences as a black woman in America (especially New York City) and abroad, and her life as influenced and shaped by food. Grosvenor preaches food's ability to nourish, to connect people, to cross regional boundaries, to feel like home, to be a mode of self-expression, to be improvisational and adaptational, and to tell stories. The title, *Vibration Cooking*, comes from Grosvenor's discussion of "vibrations" in the book. When she cooks, she writes in the book's first chapter, "I just do it by vibration. Different strokes for different folks. Do your thing your way." "Vibrations," for Grosvenor, are not only intuition and using all of one's senses when cooking, but also the energy and attitude one brings when cooking or eating. "Some people got such bad vibrations that to eat with them would give you indigestion," she writes.

The book is written as a mix of narrative and recipes. The line between them is often fuzzy, with recipes composed conversationally and usually without exact measurements. Recipes occur as part of and contribute to the storytelling, with prose continuing after the recipe. Grosvenor encourages the reader to tap into their own sense of vibrations; to "make do"; and to note when the recipe they're cooking looks "right," "done," or "weird"; and to make various adjustments "if you want to." Grosvenor's style of writing and attitude towards food influenced the writer and poet Ntozake Shange when she was writing her own cookbook, *if i can cook /you know god can*, for which Grosvenor wrote the introduction. The recipes are often introduced via an instance in which that particular meal was eaten, or via a person who gave Grosvenor the recipe. In addition to recipes for food, Grosvenor also includes recipes and guidance for cocktails and other drinks, herbal teas, use of spices and herbs, and poultices and home remedies. The recipes pay homage to Grosvenor's own cultural roots in Geechee (or Gullah) culture and Lowcountry cuisine.

Her intention was both a creative project and to debunk and demystify perceptions of African-American food: "I wanted to tell stories about the gatherings, the people, the food, and the history of the food. For decades the history of African-American food was mucked up. "Soul food," aka black folks' eats, was said to have developed out of master's leftovers ... Education is the key." Grosvenor writes often of soul food in *Vibration Cooking*, but is careful not to limit what she means by the term; she ties it in the good vibrations with which she cooks herself.

She writes:

> People up here \[in the North\] act like it's going to a lot of trouble just to give you a glass of water and whenever those vibrations hit me, I remember how Aunt Carrie, with no electricity, no running water, no gas, no refrigerator, not even an icebox got us a beautiful supper with love. I know that northern folks are out to lunch and better go down south and get their soul card punched".

She is careful to note that soul food is not racial: "To call it 'soul food'—it's how you could put your soul in the pot... You can't just say food that's been cooked by black hands. Black hands have been cooking food for centuries."

She does not consider herself a soul food writer. In the introduction to the book's 1986 edition, Grosvenor writes:

> My feeling was/is any Veau à la Flamande or Blinchishe's Tvorogom I prepared was as 'soulful' as a pair of candied yams. I don't have culinary limitations because I'm 'black.' On the other hand, I choose to write about 'Afro-American' cookery because I'm 'black' and know the wonderful, fascinating culinary history there is. And because the Afro-American cook has been so underappreciated."

The book addresses gentrification of cuisine and the classification as "gourmet" of foods that have long been a part of African-American cookery, such as collards and terrapins. In the recipe for terrapins, Grosvenor writes,

> Ain't nothing but swamp turtles. They used to be plentiful on the eastern seaboard. So plentiful that plantation owners gave them to their slaves. Now they are the rare discovery of so-called gore-mays. White folks always discovering something…after we give it up. By the time they got to the bugaloo, we were doing the 'tighten up.' By the time they got to pigs' feet, black people were giving up swine.

Grosvenor uses food as a way to talk about racism and cultural sensitivities. She writes about her own experiences of being discriminated against as a black woman and her frustrations with the oversimplification and pigeonholing of African-American cooking. She includes a letter she once wrote to the editors of *Time* in response to an essay that claimed soul food to be tasteless: "Your taste buds are so racist that they can't even deal with black food," she wrote.

## Depictions

In 2015, filmmaker Julie Dash, known for her film *Daughters of the Dust*, about Gullah culture in the early 20th century, launched a crowdfunding campaign on Indiegogo to raise money to continue her production of a documentary about Grosvenor entitled *Travel Notes of a Geechee Girl*.

## Personal life

Smart married Bob Grosvenor. They had a daughter, Kali Grosvenor, in 1960, and later separated. Kali Grosvenor-Henry is married and a poet, essayist and author. Grosvenor and Kali published for the first time simultaneously: In 1969, a Doubleday employee received Kali's poetry manuscript and Smart-Grosvenor's cookbook notes and decided to publish both pieces. The following year, in 1970, when Kali was nine, Doubleday published both *Poems by Kali* and *Vibration Cooking*.

In 1962, Grosvenor had her daughter Chandra Ursule Weinland-Brown, who is married and an actor, visual artist, and poet. Grosevenor had this child with Oscar Weinland.

### Death

After suffering an aneurysm in 2009, Smart-Growsvenor spent her days in Palm Key, South Carolina, a private island near her birth town. Smart-Grosvenor died of natural causes on September 3, 2016, in the Bronx, NY at the Hebrew Home at Riverdale.

## Honors and awards

* Robert F. Kennedy Award for *Daufuskie: Never Enough Too Soon* (1990)
* Ohio State Award for *Daufuskie: Never Enough Too Soon* (1990)
* duPont-Columbia Award for *AIDS and Black America: Breaking the Silence* (1990)
* National Association of Black Journalists Award for her NPR piece *South Africa and the African-American Experience* (1990)
* CEBA Award for *Marcus Garvey: 20th Century Pan-Africanist* (1991)
* James Beard Award for Best Radio Show for *Seasonings* on NPR (1996)
* Honorary doctorate ("Doctor of Humane Letters") from the University of New Hampshire (1998)
* Craig Claiborne Lifetime Achievement Award from the Southern Foodways Alliance

## Bibliography

* Smart-Grosvenor, Vertamae. *Vibration Cooking: The Travel Notes of a Geechee Girl.* Ballantine Books, 1970.
* Grosvenor, Vertamae, *Thursdays and Every Other Sunday Off: A Domestic Rap,* New York: Doubleday, 1972
* Grosvenor, Vertamae. *Black Atlantic Cooking,* Prentice Hall Trade, 1990.
* Grosvenor, Vertamae. *Vertamae Cooks in America's Family Kitchen.* KQED Books, 1996.
* Grosvenor, Vertamae. *Vertamae Cooks Again.* Bay Books, 1999.

## InfoBox

| Vertamae Smart-Grosvenor | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1937-04-04)April 4, 1937
Fairfax, South Carolina, United States |
| Died | September 3, 2016(2016-09-03) (aged 79)
Bronx, New York, United States |
| Nationality | American, Gullah |
| Occupation(s) | Culinary anthropologist, Actress, Food writer, Broadcaster |
| Years active | 1958–2016 |
| Children | Chandra Weinland Brown
Kali Grosvenor-Henry |


title: Fabio Capelleto

abstract: Fabio Capelleto was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Lacedonia (1551–1565).

text:
# Fabio Capelleto

**Fabio Capelleto** was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Lacedonia (1551–1565).

## Biography

On 24 Jul 1551, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Julius III as Bishop of Lacedonia. On 24 Feb 1555, he was consecrated bishop by Giovanni Michele Saraceni, Archbishop of Acerenza e Matera, with Ascanio Ferreri, Bishop Emeritus of Montepeloso, and Fabio Mirto Frangipani, Bishop of Caiazzo, serving as co-consecrators. He served as Bishop of Lacedonia until his resignation in 1565.

## InfoBox

| Most Reverend
Fabio Capelleto | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Lacedonia | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Diocese | Diocese of Lacedonia |
| In office | 1551–1565 |
| Predecessor | Scipione Dura |
| Successor | Gianfranco Carducci |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | 24 Feb 1555
by Giovanni Michele Saraceni |


title: 2022 Toyota 200

abstract: The 2022 Toyota 200 presented by CK Power was the eleventh stock car race of the 2022 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series and the 22nd iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, June 4, 2022, in Madison, Illinois at World Wide Technology Raceway, a 1.25 miles (2.01 km) permanent quad-oval racetrack. The race was increased from 160 laps to 165 laps, due to a NASCAR overtime finish. Corey Heim, driving for Kyle Busch Motorsports, would take advantage of the lead on the final restart, and win the race after the caution came out on the last lap. This was Heim's second career NASCAR Camping World Truck Series win, and his second of the season. To fill out the podium, Christian Eckes of ThorSport Racing and Chandler Smith of Kyle Busch Motorsports would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively. Three drivers made their debut in this race: Rajah Caruth, Mason Maggio, and Jake Garcia. Justin Carroll was scheduled to make his debut as well, but would fail to qualify.

text:
# 2022 Toyota 200

The **2022 Toyota 200 presented by CK Power** was the eleventh stock car race of the 2022 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series and the 22nd iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, June 4, 2022, in Madison, Illinois at World Wide Technology Raceway, a 1.25 miles (2.01 km) permanent quad-oval racetrack. The race was increased from 160 laps to 165 laps, due to a NASCAR overtime finish. Corey Heim, driving for Kyle Busch Motorsports, would take advantage of the lead on the final restart, and win the race after the caution came out on the last lap. This was Heim's second career NASCAR Camping World Truck Series win, and his second of the season. To fill out the podium, Christian Eckes of ThorSport Racing and Chandler Smith of Kyle Busch Motorsports would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

Three drivers made their debut in this race: Rajah Caruth, Mason Maggio, and Jake Garcia. Justin Carroll was scheduled to make his debut as well, but would fail to qualify.

## Background

**World Wide Technology Raceway** (formerly **Gateway International Raceway** and **Gateway Motorsports Park**) is a motorsport racing facility in Madison, Illinois, just east of St. Louis, Missouri, United States, close to the Gateway Arch. It features a 1.25 mi (2.01 km) oval that hosts the NASCAR Cup Series, NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, and the NTT IndyCar Series, a 1.6-mile (2.6 km) infield road course used by the SCCA, Porsche Club of America, and various car clubs, and a quarter-mile drag strip that hosts the annual NHRA Midwest Nationals event.

### Entry list

* **(R)** denotes rookie driver.
* **(i)** denotes driver who are ineligible for series driver points.

| # | Driver | Team | Make | Sponsor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Hailie Deegan | David Gilliland Racing | Ford | Monster Energy |
| 02 | Jesse Little | Young's Motorsports | Chevrolet | RANDCO Industries |
| 3 | Jordan Anderson | Jordan Anderson Racing | Chevrolet | Bommarito.com |
| 4 | John Hunter Nemechek | Kyle Busch Motorsports | Toyota | Mobil 1 |
| 5 | Tyler Hill | Hill Motorsports | Toyota | HairClub, Capillus |
| 7 | Rajah Caruth | Spire Motorsports | Chevrolet | Confluence Music Festival |
| 9 | Blaine Perkins **(R)** | CR7 Motorsports | Chevrolet | Warrior Health Fondation |
| 12 | Spencer Boyd | Young's Motorsports | Chevrolet | Hans Wiemann |
| 13 | Johnny Sauter | ThorSport Racing | Toyota | CMR Construction & Roofing |
| 15 | Tanner Gray | David Gilliland Racing | Ford | Ford Performance |
| 16 | Tyler Ankrum | Hattori Racing Enterprises | Toyota | LiUNA |
| 17 | Taylor Gray | David Gilliland Racing | Ford | Ford Performance |
| 18 | Chandler Smith | Kyle Busch Motorsports | Toyota | Safelite |
| 19 | Derek Kraus | McAnally-Hilgemann Racing | Chevrolet | NAPA AutoCare |
| 20 | Matt Mills **(i)** | Young's Motorsports | Chevrolet | J. F. Electric |
| 22 | Austin Wayne Self | AM Racing | Chevrolet | AM Technical Solutions |
| 23 | Grant Enfinger | GMS Racing | Chevrolet | Champion Power Equipment |
| 24 | Jack Wood **(R)** | GMS Racing | Chevrolet | Two Friends Golf |
| 25 | Matt DiBenedetto | Rackley WAR | Chevrolet | Rackley Roofing, W. A. R. Shocks |
| 30 | Tate Fogleman | On Point Motorsports | Toyota | Rangeline Group |
| 33 | Mason Maggio | Reaume Brothers Racing | Chevrolet | HMY Yacht Sales |
| 35 | Jake Garcia | McAnally-Hilgemann Racing | Chevrolet | Quanta Services |
| 38 | Zane Smith | Front Row Motorsports | Ford | ARRMA RC |
| 40 | Dean Thompson **(R)** | Niece Motorsports | Chevrolet | Worldwide Express |
| 42 | Carson Hocevar | Niece Motorsports | Chevrolet | Premier Security Solutions |
| 43 | Blake Lothian | Reaume Brothers Racing | Toyota | RedlineDetection.com |
| 44 | Kris Wright | Niece Motorsports | Chevrolet | FNB Corporation |
| 45 | Lawless Alan **(R)** | Niece Motorsports | Chevrolet | AutoParkIt.com |
| 46 | Brennan Poole | G2G Racing | Toyota | G2G Racing |
| 51 | Corey Heim | Kyle Busch Motorsports | Toyota | JBL |
| 52 | Stewart Friesen | Halmar Friesen Racing | Toyota | Halmar International |
| 56 | Timmy Hill | Hill Motorsports | Toyota | Units Storage |
| 61 | Chase Purdy | Hattori Racing Enterprises | Toyota | Aisin |
| 66 | Ty Majeski | ThorSport Racing | Toyota | Road Ranger |
| 88 | Matt Crafton | ThorSport Racing | Toyota | Paslode, Menards |
| 90 | Justin Carroll | TC Motorsports | Toyota | Carrolls Automotive |
| 91 | Colby Howard | McAnally-Hilgemann Racing | Chevrolet | Gates Hydraulics |
| 98 | Christian Eckes | ThorSport Racing | Toyota | Curb Records |
| 99 | Ben Rhodes | ThorSport Racing | Toyota | Tenda Care Products |
| Official entry list | | | | |

## Practice

The only 30-minute practice session was held on Friday, June 3, at 5:00 PM CST. Ty Majeski of ThorSport Racing was the fastest in the session, with a time of 33.312 seconds, and a speed of 135.086 mph (217.400 km/h).

| Pos. | # | Driver | Team | Make | Time | Speed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 66 | Ty Majeski | ThorSport Racing | Toyota | 33.312 | 135.086 |
| 2 | 98 | Christian Eckes | ThorSport Racing | Toyota | 33.325 | 135.034 |
| 3 | 23 | Grant Enfinger | GMS Racing | Chevrolet | 33.342 | 134.965 |
| Full practice results | | | | | | |

## Qualifying

Qualifying was held on Friday, June 3, at 5:30 PM CST. Since World Wide Technology Raceway is an oval track, the qualifying system used is a single-car, one-lap system with only one round. Whoever sets the fastest time in the round wins the pole.

Corey Heim of Kyle Busch Motorsports scored the pole for the race, with a time of 32.554 seconds, and a speed of 138.232 mph (222.463 km/h).

| Pos. | # | Driver | Team | Make | Time | Speed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 51 | Corey Heim **(R)** | Kyle Busch Motorsports | Toyota | **32.554** | **138.232** |
| 2 | 38 | Zane Smith | Front Row Motorsports | Ford | 32.614 | 137.978 |
| 3 | 52 | Stewart Friesen | Halmar Friesen Racing | Toyota | 32.641 | 137.863 |
| 4 | 18 | Chandler Smith | Kyle Busch Motorsports | Toyota | 32.663 | 137.771 |
| 5 | 98 | Christian Eckes | ThorSport Racing | Toyota | 32.664 | 137.766 |
| 6 | 4 | John Hunter Nemechek | Kyle Busch Motorsports | Toyota | 32.674 | 137.724 |
| 7 | 91 | Colby Howard | McAnally-Hilgemann Racing | Chevrolet | 32.690 | 137.657 |
| 8 | 66 | Ty Majeski | ThorSport Racing | Toyota | 32.707 | 137.585 |
| 9 | 17 | Taylor Gray | David Gilliland Racing | Ford | 32.719 | 137.535 |
| 10 | 23 | Grant Enfinger | GMS Racing | Chevrolet | 32.756 | 137.379 |
| 11 | 88 | Matt Crafton | ThorSport Racing | Toyota | 32.775 | 137.300 |
| 12 | 42 | Carson Hocevar | Niece Motorsports | Chevrolet | 32.931 | 136.649 |
| 13 | 61 | Chase Purdy | Hattori Racing Enterprises | Toyota | 33.057 | 136.129 |
| 14 | 15 | Tanner Gray | David Gilliland Racing | Ford | 33.065 | 136.096 |
| 15 | 99 | Ben Rhodes | ThorSport Racing | Toyota | 33.094 | 135.976 |
| 16 | 25 | Matt DiBenedetto | Rackley WAR | Chevrolet | 33.094 | 135.976 |
| 17 | 44 | Kris Wright | Niece Motorsports | Chevrolet | 33.206 | 135.518 |
| 18 | 13 | Johnny Sauter | ThorSport Racing | Toyota | 33.281 | 135.212 |
| 19 | 7 | Rajah Caruth | Spire Motorsports | Chevrolet | 33.284 | 135.200 |
| 20 | 16 | Tyler Ankrum | Hattori Racing Enterprises | Toyota | 33.440 | 134.569 |
| 21 | 35 | Jake Garcia | McAnally-Hilgemann Racing | Chevrolet | 33.446 | 134.545 |
| 22 | 02 | Jesse Little | Young's Motorsports | Chevrolet | 33.473 | 134.437 |
| 23 | 9 | Blaine Perkins **(R)** | CR7 Motorsports | Chevrolet | 33.532 | 134.200 |
| 24 | 45 | Lawless Alan **(R)** | Niece Motorsports | Chevrolet | 33.539 | 134.172 |
| 25 | 40 | Dean Thompson **(R)** | Niece Motorsports | Chevrolet | 33.556 | 134.104 |
| 26 | 1 | Hailie Deegan | David Gilliland Racing | Ford | 33.574 | 134.032 |
| 27 | 5 | Tyler Hill | Hill Motorsports | Toyota | 33.634 | 133.793 |
| 28 | 22 | Austin Wayne Self | AM Racing | Chevrolet | 33.640 | 133.769 |
| 29 | 56 | Timmy Hill | Hill Motorsports | Toyota | 33.704 | 133.515 |
| 30 | 3 | Jordan Anderson | Jordan Anderson Racing | Chevrolet | 33.738 | 133.381 |
| 31 | 46 | Brennan Poole | G2G Racing | Toyota | 33.979 | 132.435 |
| Qualified by owner's points | | | | | | |
| 32 | 24 | Jack Wood **(R)** | GMS Racing | Chevrolet | 34.127 | 131.860 |
| 33 | 33 | Mason Maggio | Reaume Brothers Racing | Chevrolet | 34.163 | 131.721 |
| 34 | 12 | Spencer Boyd | Young's Motorsports | Chevrolet | 34.346 | 131.020 |
| 35 | 30 | Tate Fogleman | On Point Motorsports | Toyota | 34.633 | 129.934 |
| 36 | 19 | Derek Kraus | McAnally-Hilgemann Racing | Chevrolet | - | - |
| Failed to qualify | | | | | | |
| 37 | 20 | Matt Mills **(i)** | Young's Motorsports | Chevrolet | 34.477 | 130.522 |
| 38 | 90 | Justin Carroll | TC Motorsports | Toyota | 34.683 | 129.747 |
| 39 | 43 | Blake Lothian | Reaume Brothers Racing | Toyota | 34.757 | 129.470 |
| Official qualifying results | | | | | | |
| Official starting lineup | | | | | | |

## Race results

**Stage 1** *Laps: 55*

| Pos. | # | Driver | Team | Make | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 18 | Chandler Smith | Kyle Busch Motorsports | Toyota | 10 |
| 2 | 51 | Corey Heim **(R)** | Kyle Busch Motorsports | Toyota | 9 |
| 3 | 4 | John Hunter Nemechek | Kyle Busch Motorsports | Toyota | 8 |
| 4 | 38 | Zane Smith | Front Row Motorsports | Ford | 7 |
| 5 | 52 | Stewart Friesen | Halmar Friesen Racing | Toyota | 6 |
| 6 | 66 | Ty Majeski | ThorSport Racing | Toyota | 5 |
| 7 | 23 | Grant Enfinger | GMS Racing | Chevrolet | 4 |
| 8 | 98 | Christian Eckes | ThorSport Racing | Toyota | 3 |
| 9 | 88 | Matt Crafton | ThorSport Racing | Toyota | 2 |
| 10 | 91 | Colby Howard | McAnally-Hilgemann Racing | Chevrolet | 1 |

**Stage 2** *Laps: 55*

| Pos. | # | Driver | Team | Make | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 99 | Ben Rhodes | ThorSport Racing | Toyota | 10 |
| 2 | 88 | Matt Crafton | ThorSport Racing | Toyota | 9 |
| 3 | 19 | Derek Kraus | McAnally-Hilgemann Racing | Chevrolet | 8 |
| 4 | 61 | Chase Purdy | Hattori Racing Enterprises | Toyota | 7 |
| 5 | 22 | Austin Wayne Self | AM Racing | Chevrolet | 6 |
| 6 | 42 | Carson Hocevar | Niece Motorsports | Chevrolet | 5 |
| 7 | 1 | Hailie Deegan | David Gilliland Racing | Ford | 4 |
| 8 | 51 | Corey Heim **(R)** | Kyle Busch Motorsports | Toyota | 3 |
| 9 | 52 | Stewart Friesen | Halmar Friesen Racing | Toyota | 2 |
| 10 | 38 | Zane Smith | Front Row Motorsports | Ford | 1 |

**Stage 3** *Laps: 55*

| Fin. | St | # | Driver | Team | Make | Laps | Led | Status | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | 51 | Corey Heim **(R)** | Kyle Busch Motorsports | Toyota | 165 | 20 | Running | 52 |
| 2 | 5 | 98 | Christian Eckes | ThorSport Racing | Toyota | 165 | 9 | Running | 38 |
| 3 | 4 | 18 | Chandler Smith | Kyle Busch Motorsports | Toyota | 165 | 40 | Running | 44 |
| 4 | 3 | 52 | Stewart Friesen | Halmar Friesen Racing | Toyota | 165 | 13 | Running | 41 |
| 5 | 18 | 13 | Johnny Sauter | ThorSport Racing | Toyota | 165 | 0 | Running | 32 |
| 6 | 16 | 25 | Matt DiBenedetto | Rackley WAR | Chevrolet | 165 | 0 | Running | 31 |
| 7 | 36 | 19 | Derek Kraus | McAnally-Hilgemann Racing | Chevrolet | 165 | 12 | Running | 38 |
| 8 | 15 | 99 | Ben Rhodes | ThorSport Racing | Toyota | 165 | 43 | Running | 39 |
| 9 | 2 | 38 | Zane Smith | Front Row Motorsports | Ford | 165 | 16 | Running | 36 |
| 10 | 13 | 61 | Chase Purdy | Hattori Racing Enterprises | Toyota | 165 | 0 | Running | 34 |
| 11 | 19 | 7 | Rajah Caruth | Spire Motorsports | Chevrolet | 165 | 0 | Running | 26 |
| 12 | 11 | 88 | Matt Crafton | ThorSport Racing | Toyota | 165 | 0 | Running | 36 |
| 13 | 20 | 16 | Tyler Ankrum | Hattori Racing Enterprises | Toyota | 165 | 0 | Running | 24 |
| 14 | 25 | 40 | Dean Thompson **(R)** | Niece Motorsports | Chevrolet | 165 | 0 | Running | 23 |
| 15 | 26 | 1 | Hailie Deegan | David Gilliland Racing | Ford | 165 | 0 | Running | 26 |
| 16 | 30 | 3 | Jordan Anderson | Jordan Anderson Racing | Chevrolet | 165 | 0 | Running | 21 |
| 17 | 29 | 56 | Timmy Hill | Hill Motorsports | Toyota | 165 | 0 | Running | 20 |
| 18 | 24 | 45 | Lawless Alan **(R)** | Niece Motorsports | Chevrolet | 165 | 0 | Running | 19 |
| 19 | 32 | 24 | Jack Wood **(R)** | GMS Racing | Chevrolet | 165 | 0 | Running | 18 |
| 20 | 22 | 02 | Jesse Little | Young's Motorsports | Chevrolet | 165 | 0 | Running | 17 |
| 21 | 35 | 30 | Tate Fogleman | On Point Motorsports | Toyota | 165 | 0 | Running | 16 |
| 22 | 23 | 9 | Blaine Perkins **(R)** | CR7 Motorsports | Chevrolet | 165 | 0 | Running | 15 |
| 23 | 7 | 91 | Colby Howard | McAnally-Hilgemann Racing | Chevrolet | 165 | 0 | Running | 15 |
| 24 | 12 | 42 | Carson Hocevar | Niece Motorsports | Chevrolet | 164 | 8 | Accident | 18 |
| 25 | 27 | 5 | Tyler Hill | Hill Motorsports | Toyota | 164 | 0 | Accident | 12 |
| 26 | 28 | 22 | Austin Wayne Self | AM Racing | Chevrolet | 164 | 0 | Accident | 17 |
| 27 | 33 | 33 | Mason Maggio | Reaume Brothers Racing | Chevrolet | 164 | 0 | Running | 10 |
| 28 | 10 | 23 | Grant Enfinger | GMS Racing | Chevrolet | 163 | 4 | Running | 13 |
| 29 | 21 | 35 | Jake Garcia | McAnally-Hilgemann Racing | Chevrolet | 161 | 0 | Running | 8 |
| 30 | 14 | 15 | Tanner Gray | David Gilliland Racing | Ford | 156 | 0 | Accident | 7 |
| 31 | 34 | 12 | Spencer Boyd | Young's Motorsports | Chevrolet | 151 | 0 | Electrical | 6 |
| 32 | 8 | 66 | Ty Majeski | ThorSport Racing | Toyota | 136 | 0 | Running | 10 |
| 33 | 17 | 44 | Kris Wright | Niece Motorsports | Chevrolet | 93 | 0 | Accident | 4 |
| 34 | 31 | 46 | Brennan Poole | G2G Racing | Toyota | 77 | 0 | Rear Gear | 3 |
| 35 | 6 | 4 | John Hunter Nemechek | Kyle Busch Motorsports | Toyota | 57 | 0 | DVP | 10 |
| 36 | 9 | 17 | Taylor Gray | David Gilliland Racing | Ford | 45 | 0 | Accident | 1 |
| Official race results | | | | | | | | | |

## Standings after the race

## InfoBox

2022 Toyota 200 presented by CK Power
| Race details | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Race 11 of 23 of the 2022 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series | | | |
|  | | | |
| Date | June 4, 2022 | | |
| Official name | 22nd Annual Toyota 200 presented by CK Power | | |
| Location | Madison, Illinois, World Wide Technology Raceway | | |
| Course | Permanent racing facility<br>1.25 mi (2.01 km) | | |
| Distance | 165 laps, 206.25 mi (330.72 km) | | |
| Scheduled Distance | 160 laps, 200 mi (321.869 km) | | |
| Average speed | 86.397 mph (139.042 km/h) | | |
| Pole position | | | |
| Driver |  | Kyle Busch Motorsports |
| Time | 32.554 | | |
| Most laps led | | | |
| Driver | Ben Rhodes | ThorSport Racing |
| Laps | 43 | | |
| Winner | | | |
| No. 51 | Corey Heim | Kyle Busch Motorsports |
| Television in the United States | | | |
| Network | Fox Sports 1 | | |
| Announcers | Vince Welch, Kurt Busch, Michael Waltrip | | |
| Radio in the United States | | | |
| Radio | Motor Racing Network | | |


title: Seán Sammon

abstract: Brother Seán Sammon, F.M.S. was the former Superior General of the Marist Brothers order, a role he held from October 3, 2001, until 2009.

text:
# Seán Sammon

**Brother Seán Sammon**, F.M.S. (November 26, 1947 – September 9, 2022) was the former Superior General of the Marist Brothers order, a role he held from October 3, 2001, until 2009.

## Biography

Brother Seán's parents were immigrants to the United States, his father from Ireland, his mother from England. He attended the Marist-run St. Agnes Boys High School, and continued on to the juniorate in Cold Spring-on-Hudson, New York. His novitiate was made in Tyngsborough, Massachusetts, and in 1967 he pronounced his first vows.

### Education

In 1970 Brother Seán graduated from Marist College in Poughkeepsie. He taught at his alma mater while studying at The New School where he earned a Master's degree in 1973. In 1982 he received a doctorate in clinical psychology from Fordham University. In 1978 he was invited to be a staff member at the House of Affirmation, a renewal and rehabilitation center in Massachusetts, and was named its International Clinical Director in 1982, a position he held until 1987. He has a licensed psychologist in the State of New York and was a member of the National Register of Health Care Providers.

## Books

He has published 10 books and multiple articles on topics of religious life and psychology. He was named provincial of the Poughkeepsie Province in 1987 and was elected president of the Conference of Major Superiors of Men Religious of the US. He has been Vicar General of the Marist Brothers since 1993. He was elected Superior General of the Marist Brothers on October 3, 2001, a position he held until 2009. After returning back to the United States, Brother Seán was appointed the Scholar in Residence at Marist College in Poughkeepsie, NY.

## Honors

In 2009 he received the title of Doctor honoris causa, from the Catholic Pontifical University of Paraná, Brazil.

## InfoBox

| Seán Sammon | |
| --- | --- |
| Brother Seán Sammon, in year 2007 at Santiago de Chile | |
| Born | Seán Sammon<br>(1947-11-26)November 26, 1947 |
| Died | September 9, 2022(2022-09-09) (aged 74) |


title: Spatial ETL

abstract: Spatial extract, transform, load, also known as geospatial transformation and load (GTL), is a process for managing and manipulating geospatial data, for example map data. It is a type of extract, transform, load (ETL) process, with software tools and libraries specialised for geographical information. A common use of spatial ETL is to convert geographical information from a data source into another format that can be more easily used, for example by importing it into GIS software. A tool may translate data directly from one format to another, or via an intermediate format. Intermediate formats are often used when data transformation must be carried out.

text:
# Spatial ETL

**Spatial extract, transform, load** (**spatial ETL**), also known as **geospatial transformation and load** (**GTL**), is a process for managing and manipulating geospatial data, for example map data. It is a type of extract, transform, load (ETL) process, with software tools and libraries specialised for geographical information.

A common use of spatial ETL is to convert geographical information from a data source into another format that can be more easily used, for example by importing it into GIS software. A tool may translate data directly from one format to another, or via an intermediate format. Intermediate formats are often used when data transformation must be carried out.

## Origins and history

Although ETL tools for processing non-spatial data have existed for some time, ETL tools that can manage the unique characteristics of spatial data only emerged in the early 1990s.

Spatial ETL tools emerged in the GIS industry to enable interoperability (or the exchange of information) between the industry's diverse array of mapping applications and associated proprietary formats. However, spatial ETL tools are also becoming increasingly important in the realm of management information systems as a tool to help organizations integrate spatial data with their existing non-spatial databases, and also to leverage their spatial data assets to develop more competitive business strategies.

Traditionally, GIS applications have had the ability to read or import a limited number of spatial data formats, but with few specialist ETL transformation tools; the concept being to import data then carry out step-by-step transformation or analysis within the GIS application itself. Conversely, spatial ETL does not require the user to import or view the data, and generally carries out its tasks in a single predefined process.

With the push to achieve greater interoperability within the GIS industry, many existing GIS applications are now incorporating spatial ETL tools within their products; the ArcGIS Data Interoperability Extension being an example of this.

## Transformation

The transformation phase of a spatial ETL process allows a variety of functions; some of these are similar to standard ETL, but some are unique to spatial data. Spatial data commonly consists of a geographic element and related attribute data; therefore spatial ETL transformations are often described as being either *geometric transformations* – transformation of the geographic element – or *attribute transformations* – transformations of the related attribute data.

### Common geospatial transformations

* Reprojection: the ability to convert spatial data between one coordinate system and another.
* Spatial transformations: the ability to model spatial interactions and calculate spatial predicates
* Topological transformations: the ability to create topological relationships between disparate datasets
* Resymbolisation: the ability to change the cartographic characteristics of a feature, such as colour or line-style
* Geocoding: the ability to convert attributes of tabular data into spatial data

## Additional features

Desirable features of a spatial ETL application are:

* Data comparison: Ability to carry out change detection and perform incremental updates
* Conflict management: Ability to manage conflicts between multiple users of the same data
* Data dissemination: Ability to publish data via the internet or deliver by email regardless of source format
* Semantic processing: Ability to understand the rules of different data formats to minimize user input whilst preserving meaning

## Uses

Spatial ETL has a number of distinct uses:

## Examples of spatial ETL tools

* FME (Feature Manipulation Engine)
* GDAL (Geospatial Data Abstraction Library)


title: Robert Napier (engineer)

abstract: Robert Napier was a Scottish marine engineer known for his contributions to Clyde shipbuilding.

text:
# Robert Napier (engineer)

**Robert Napier** (21 June 1791 – 23 June 1876) was a Scottish marine engineer known for his contributions to Clyde shipbuilding.

## Early life

Robert Napier was born in Dumbarton at the height of the Industrial Revolution, to James and Jean Napier. James was of a line of esteemed bell-wrights, blacksmiths, and engineers, with a brother (also named Robert) who served as blacksmith for the Duke of Argyll at Inveraray Castle.

Napier was educated at the burgh school where he took an interest in drawing, which reflected in his later life in an interest in painting and fine arts. Against his father's hopes that he would become a minister in the Church of Scotland, he developed an interest in the family business. At age sixteen, he was confronted by a Royal Navy press gang who intended to conscript him into service during the Napoleonic Wars. Instead of allowing his son to be conscripted, James Napier signed a contract of formal indenture with his son, making him immune to conscription.

Napier's apprenticeship with his father lasted for five years, after which time he moved to Edinburgh and worked for Robert Stevenson, builder of the Bell Rock Lighthouse.

### Robert Napier and Sons

Napier set up his own business in 1815, and in August 1815 was admitted to the Incorporation of the Hammermen of Glasgow, following the example of his father and grandfather. In 1841 he took his sons James and John into partnership and their firm's name became Robert Napier and Sons.

## Marine engines and shipbuilding

In 1823 he won a contract to build a steam engine for the paddle steamer *Leven*. The engine was so good that it was later fitted to another ship, the paddle steamer *Queen of Beauty*. The Leven engine – his first engine – now rests at the Denny Ship Model Experiment Tank branch of the Scottish Maritime Museum in Dumbarton.

In 1827, Napier had the unique distinction of having built the engines of both of the two fastest ships to compete in the Northern Yacht Club's August Regatta, namely the paddle steamers *Clarence* and *Helensburgh*. This earned him a reputation as a shipbuilder, which furthered his career, as did his co-operation on hull design with Thomas Assheton Smith, for whom he built the *Menai* (400 tons and 120 hp) followed by several more steam yachts. In 1828 he established Glasgow's Vulcan Foundry.

Many of Scotland's most esteemed shipbuilders apprenticed under Napier, including James and George Thomson, who founded the J & G Thomson shipyard (now known as John Brown & Company), and John Elder of the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company.

Napier continued building steamship engines, eventually expanding into steam engines for ocean-going vessels. In 1835 he procured a controversial contract with the East India Company to build an engine for their ship, the paddle steamer *Berenice* which, built by David Napier, (Napier's cousin) and using Napier's engine, proved faster than her sister ship, the paddle steamer *Atalanta* (built on the Thames) – beating her to India by 18 days on their maiden voyage.

In 1838, Napier was contracted by the Admiralty to produce 280 NHP engines for two of their ships, the first class paddle steamer sloops *Stromboli* and *Vesuvius*; but after that, orders ceased. When Napier had this queried in Parliament, the reply proved that Napier's engines were cheaper and more reliable than those built in the Admiralty's usual shipyards on the Thames. Thereafter, Napier was the Admiralty's primary engine builder.

Napier's greatest success, however, came from his business deals with Samuel Cunard. Together with Cunard, James Donaldson, Sir George Burns, and David MacIver, he co-founded the British and North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company. It seems that Napier could be considered responsible for the livery of the Cunard funnels, since the vermilion colour and black hoops were already used on earlier Napier-engined ships, as evidenced by the shipbuilder's model of P.S. "Menai" of 1830 in the Scottish Transport Museum in Glasgow.

In 1841 he expanded his company to include an iron shipbuilding yard in Govan and the Parkhead Forge Steelworks, and in 1843 they produced their first ship, the *Vanguard*. He also procured a contract with the Royal Navy to produce vessels, notably the *Jackal*, the *Lizard*, and the *Bloodhound*, which became the first iron vessels in the Royal Navy. He allowed naval officers in training to visit the shipyard to familiarise themselves with the new vessels. The Parkhead Forge was acquired by William Beardmore and Company in 1886. Napier's shipyard in Govan was also later acquired by Beardmore's in 1900 before being sold on to Harland & Wolff in 1912, and finally closed in 1962. The Parkhead Forge would eventually close in 1976.

## Honours and awards

## Art patronage

Napier never lost his early interest in art. He built his home in Shandon, by the Gareloch, to house his sizeable art collection, which included work by artists such as Henry Raeburn and Horatio McCulloch, as well as art by Dutch, French and Italian masters.

## Death

In 1875 his wife of 57 years, Isabella, died. Shortly afterwards, Napier fell seriously ill, and died the next year, in 1876. He is buried in the Parish Kirkyard, in Dumbarton.

## Literature


title: Dilip Gavit

abstract: Dilip Mahadu Gavit is an Indian para athlete from Maharashtra. He competes in men's 400m T47. He qualified to represent India at the 2024 Summer Paralympics at Paris. He qualified third for the finals with a season's best of 49.54m. Final run is on September 7.

text:
# Dilip Gavit

**Dilip Mahadu Gavit** (born 21 April 2003) is an Indian para athlete from Maharashtra. He competes in men's 400m T47. He qualified to represent India at the 2024 Summer Paralympics at Paris. He qualified third for the finals with a season's best of 49.54m. Final run is on September 7.

## Life

Gavit is from Nashik, Maharashtra. His right arm is amputated from below the elbow. He did his schooling at Shahid Bhagat Singh School at Surgana Taluk, Nashik district. He trains under national coach Vaijanath Kale. He is currently supported by Olympic Gold Quest, a sports NGO.

## Career

Gavit won a gold medal at the 2022 Asian Para Games at Hangzhou, China, which incidentally was the 100th medal for India at the para games. Earlier in the 2019 Khelo Games at Pune, he was part of the Maharashtra team that won the bronze in the 4 × 400 m relay. He represented India at the 2023 Paris World Para Athletics Championships where he booked a quota place for the Olympics in July 2023.

## InfoBox

| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Representing  India | | |
| Men's para-athletics | | |
| Asian Para Games | | |
|  | 2022 Hangzhou | 400m T47 |


title: Charlie Haden/Jim Hall

abstract: Charlie Haden/Jim Hall is an album by bassist Charlie Haden and guitarist Jim Hall recorded in 1990 at the Montreal International Jazz Festival by Jazz Beat and released on the Impulse! label in 2014 following the deaths of both artists.

text:
# Charlie Haden/Jim Hall

***Charlie Haden/Jim Hall*** is an album by bassist Charlie Haden and guitarist Jim Hall recorded in 1990 at the Montreal International Jazz Festival by Jazz Beat and released on the Impulse! label in 2014 following the deaths of both artists.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Allmusic* |  |
| *PopMatters* |  |
| *The Absolute Sound* |  |
| *The Irish Times* |  |

Allmusic awarded the album 412 stars, with the review by Thom Jurek stating, "Bassist Charlie Haden and guitarist Jim Hall played a number of duet concerts together over the years, but this was certainly among the very earliest. Given their respective careers up to this point, both men had nearly perfected the artistry of playing in this particular chamber jazz setting. That all said, it does not prepare the listener for the canny, intimate, yet absolutely electric interplay on offer here ... This set is not only impossible to criticize, but adds an immeasurable depth to the catalogs of both artists".

In *JazzTimes* Colin Fleming wrote, "this Haden-Hall bass/guitar duet album smacks of affinity, several ways over".

PopMatters correspondent Will Layman said, "Hall and Haden were not only eloquent and influential masters but also musicians who spoke with a quiet assurance. They were revolutionaries who didn’t ruffle feathers, perhaps. It seemed like they’d be around forever, quietly knocking us out. What a gift, then, to find this quiet and loving duet concert from the 1990 Montreal International Jazz Festival pairing Hall and Haden in duets on eight good tunes".

*The Absolute Sound*'s Derk Richardson noted, "These eight songs, preserved in exquisite sonic detail—warm and sculpted from top to bottom, filling up huge but keenly defined aural space— are an unexpected bonanza for lovers of pure melody, improvised harmony, and the radiant sunset tones that these two men perfected on their respective instruments".

In *The Irish Times* Cormac Larkin observed, "Whether on standards or originals, there is a warmth and an unmistakable sincerity on display that belies the sparse, almost skeletal texture of the music. As the set develops, one can hear these two great artist reaching out, listening to and developing each other’s ideas, clearly revelling in the encounter".

## Track listing

1. "Bemsha Swing" (Thelonious Monk, Denzil Best) - 8:32
2. "First Song" (Charlie Haden) - 8:52
3. "Turnaround" (Ornette Coleman) - 9:32
4. "Body and Soul" (Johnny Green, Edward Heyman, Robert Sour) - 11:14
5. "Down from Antigua" (Jim Hall) - 12:04
6. "Skylark" (Hoagy Carmichael, Johnny Mercer) - 9:22
7. "Big Blues" (Hall) - 9:19
8. "In the Moment" (Haden) - 7:04

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Charlie Haden/Jim Hall | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Charlie Haden and Jim Hall | |
| Released | September 30, 2014 |
| Recorded | July 2, 1990 |
| Venue | Montreal International Jazz Festival, Canada |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 75:59 |
| Label | Impulse!
B002176502 |
| Producer | Jean-Philippe Allard |
| Charlie Haden chronology | |
| *Last Dance*
(2014) ***Charlie Haden/Jim Hall***
(2014) *Tokyo Adagio*
(2015) | |
|  | |
| Jim Hall chronology | |
| *Live at Birdland*
(2012) ***Charlie Haden/Jim Hall***
(2014) *Valse Hot - Sweet Basil - 1978*
(2016) | |
|  | |


title: Chen Rong (painter)

abstract: Chen Rong was a Chinese painter and politician of the Southern Song dynasty celebrated for his depictions of dragons. The Nine Dragons handscroll in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, bearing a date of 1244, is attributed to Chen. The Five Dragons handscroll in the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City, Missouri, is also attributed to Chen Rong. A longer version of the Five Dragons, also attributed to Chen Rong, is in the Tokyo National Museum. The Eleven Dragons painting in the Smithsonian's National Museum of Asian Art was formerly attributed to Chen Rong, but now is assigned to the Ming dynasty period. In March 2017, the Six Dragons handscroll, attributed to Chen Rong, was sold by Osaka's Fujita Art Museum at Christie's for almost $49 million.

text:
# Chen Rong (painter)

**Chen Rong** (simplified Chinese: 陈容; traditional Chinese: 陳容; pinyin: *Chén Róng*; Wade–Giles: ***Ch'en Jung***; c.12001266) was a Chinese painter and politician of the Southern Song dynasty celebrated for his depictions of dragons. The *Nine Dragons* handscroll in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, bearing a date of 1244, is attributed to Chen. The Five Dragons handscroll in the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City, Missouri, is also attributed to Chen Rong. A longer version of the Five Dragons, also attributed to Chen Rong, is in the Tokyo National Museum. The Eleven Dragons painting in the Smithsonian's National Museum of Asian Art was formerly attributed to Chen Rong, but now is assigned to the Ming dynasty period. In March 2017, the Six Dragons handscroll, attributed to Chen Rong, was sold by Osaka's Fujita Art Museum at Christie's for almost $49 million.

Full handscroll *Nine Dragons*

## InfoBox

| Chen Rong
(陳容) | |
| --- | --- |
| *Nine Dragons* handscroll section by Chen Rong, 1244 CE, Chinese Song dynasty at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston | |
| Born | 陳容
1200 |
| Died | 1266 (aged 6566) |
| Known for | Depictions of dragons |
| Notable work | *Nine Dragons* |


title: Theodor Nilsen Stousland

abstract: Theodor Nilsen Stousland was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party. He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from the constituency Lister og Mandal amt in 1889, representing the Moderate Liberal Party. He then joined the Liberal Party and was re-elected three times, before serving as a deputy representative during the term 1900–1903. He then returned, being re-elected three more times. Born in Søgne, he was a member of Søgne municipal council from 1874 to 1893, serving as mayor from 1880 to 1885. He mainly worked as a farmer, but was also treasurer in the local bank from 1875 to 1893, county auditor from 1882 to 1886 and bailiff from 1893 to 1899. Towards the end of his career he worked at the Office of the Auditor General of Norway.

text:
# Theodor Nilsen Stousland

**Theodor Nilsen Stousland** (16 March 1842 – 7 April 1910) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from the constituency Lister og Mandal amt in 1889, representing the Moderate Liberal Party. He then joined the Liberal Party and was re-elected three times, before serving as a deputy representative during the term 19001903. He then returned, being re-elected three more times.

Born in Søgne, he was a member of Søgne municipal council from 1874 to 1893, serving as mayor from 1880 to 1885.

He mainly worked as a farmer, but was also treasurer in the local bank from 1875 to 1893, county auditor from 1882 to 1886 and bailiff from 1893 to 1899. Towards the end of his career he worked at the Office of the Auditor General of Norway.


abstract:
The 1900 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 6, 1900. All contemporary 45 states were part of the 1900 United States presidential election. Voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president. For over a century after the Civil War, Tennessee’s white population was divided according to partisan loyalties established in that war. Unionist regions covering almost all of East Tennessee, Kentucky Pennyroyal-allied Macon County, and the five West Tennessee Highland Rim counties of Carroll, Henderson, McNairy, Hardin and Wayne voted Republican – generally by landslide margins – as they associated the Democratic Party with secessonism. Conversely, the rest of Middle and West Tennessee who had supported and driven the state’s secession was equally fiercely Democratic as it associated the Republicans with Reconstruction. After the state’s white landowning class re-established its rule in the early 1870s, blacks and Unionist whites combined to give a competitive political system for two decades, although in this era the Republicans could only capture statewide offices when the Democratic Party was divided on the issue of payment of state debt. White Democrats in West Tennessee consistently sought to eliminate Black political influence, committing election fraud in the mid-1880s, instituting poll taxes statewide, and, in counties with significant black populations, implementing a secret ballot that prevented illiterates voting, all of which cut turnout by at least a third in the 1890s. Although the poll tax was supposedly relaxed or paid by party officials in Unionist Republican areas, turnout would continue to decline seriously in later years, although overall presidential partisan percentages did not change substantially as the GOP attempted to attract Democrats who would benefit from tariffs. On election day, Tennessee was won by the Democratic ticket, former U.S. Representative and 1896 Democratic presidential nominee William Jennings Bryan and his running mate, former Vice President Adlai Stevenson I. They defeated the Republican ticket of incumbent President William McKinley of Ohio and his running mate Theodore Roosevelt of New York. Bryan won the state by a margin of 8.08%, an increase of 2.32 percent on his 1896 margin over McKinley, a small change but a substantial one given the extremely deep partisan loyalties of white Tennesseeans. His increased margin reflected more complete black disenfranchisement and reduced suspicion of his free-silver policies in the major urban areas, which saw him carry normally Republican Knox County. McKinley is the only Republican to win two terms in the White House without carrying Tennessee either time.
Neither McKinley nor Bryan campaigned in Tennessee, and by the fourth week of October it became clear that the state would once again go to the Democrats. Bryan would later win the state again against William Howard Taft in 1908.

text:
# 1900 United States presidential election in Tennessee

The **1900 United States presidential election in Tennessee** took place on November 6, 1900. All contemporary 45 states were part of the 1900 United States presidential election. Voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.

For over a century after the Civil War, Tennessee’s white population was divided according to partisan loyalties established in that war. Unionist regions covering almost all of East Tennessee, Kentucky Pennyroyal-allied Macon County, and the five West Tennessee Highland Rim counties of Carroll, Henderson, McNairy, Hardin and Wayne voted Republican – generally by landslide margins – as they associated the Democratic Party with secessonism. Conversely, the rest of Middle and West Tennessee who had supported and driven the state’s secession was equally fiercely Democratic as it associated the Republicans with Reconstruction. After the state’s white landowning class re-established its rule in the early 1870s, blacks and Unionist whites combined to give a competitive political system for two decades, although in this era the Republicans could only capture statewide offices when the Democratic Party was divided on the issue of payment of state debt.

White Democrats in West Tennessee consistently sought to eliminate Black political influence, committing election fraud in the mid-1880s, instituting poll taxes statewide, and, in counties with significant black populations, implementing a secret ballot that prevented illiterates voting, all of which cut turnout by at least a third in the 1890s. Although the poll tax was supposedly relaxed or paid by party officials in Unionist Republican areas, turnout would continue to decline seriously in later years, although overall presidential partisan percentages did not change substantially as the GOP attempted to attract Democrats who would benefit from tariffs.

On election day, Tennessee was won by the Democratic ticket, former U.S. Representative and 1896 Democratic presidential nominee William Jennings Bryan and his running mate, former Vice President Adlai Stevenson I. They defeated the Republican ticket of incumbent President William McKinley of Ohio and his running mate Theodore Roosevelt of New York. Bryan won the state by a margin of 8.08%, an increase of 2.32 percent on his 1896 margin over McKinley, a small change but a substantial one given the extremely deep partisan loyalties of white Tennesseeans. His increased margin reflected more complete black disenfranchisement and reduced suspicion of his free-silver policies in the major urban areas, which saw him carry normally Republican Knox County. McKinley is the only Republican to win two terms in the White House without carrying Tennessee either time. Neither McKinley nor Bryan campaigned in Tennessee, and by the fourth week of October it became clear that the state would once again go to the Democrats.

Bryan would later win the state again against William Howard Taft in 1908.

## Results

| 1900 United States presidential election in Tennessee | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Electoral votes |
|  | **Democratic** | **William Jennings Bryan** | **145,240** | **53.03%** | **12** |
|  | Republican | William McKinley (incumbent) | 123,108 | 44.95% | 0 |
|  | Prohibition | John G. Woolley | 3,844 | 1.40% | 0 |
|  | Populist | Wharton Barker | 1,322 | 0.48% | 0 |
|  | Social Democratic | Eugene V. Debs | 346 | 0.13% | 0 |
|
| **Totals** | | | **273,860** | **100.00%** | **12** |
| Voter turnout | | |  | |  |

### Results by county

| 1900 United States presidential election in Tennessee by county | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| County | William Jennings Bryan
Democratic | | William McKinley
Republican | | John Granville Woolley
Prohibition | | Wharton Barker
Populist | | Eugene Victor Debs
Social Democratic | | Margin | | Total votes cast |
| | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | |
| Anderson | 732 | 26.73% | 1,997 | 72.91% | 10 | 0.37% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -1,265 | -46.18% | 2,739 |
| Bedford | 2,176 | 60.70% | 1,357 | 37.85% | 42 | 1.17% | 10 | 0.28% | 0 | 0.00% | 819 | 22.85% | 3,585 |
| Benton | 1,385 | 63.77% | 720 | 33.15% | 25 | 1.15% | 42 | 1.93% | 0 | 0.00% | 665 | 30.62% | 2,172 |
| Bledsoe | 498 | 40.32% | 734 | 59.43% | 3 | 0.24% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -236 | -19.11% | 1,235 |
| Blount | 825 | 26.74% | 2,201 | 71.35% | 59 | 1.91% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -1,376 | -44.60% | 3,085 |
| Bradley | 909 | 35.51% | 1,579 | 61.68% | 72 | 2.81% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -670 | -26.17% | 2,560 |
| Campbell | 479 | 17.54% | 2,189 | 80.15% | 42 | 1.54% | 0 | 0.00% | 21 | 0.77% | -1,710 | -62.61% | 2,731 |
| Cannon | 1,213 | 60.95% | 775 | 38.94% | 2 | 0.10% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 438 | 22.01% | 1,990 |
| Carroll | 1,931 | 41.64% | 2,516 | 54.26% | 55 | 1.19% | 135 | 2.91% | 0 | 0.00% | -585 | -12.62% | 4,637 |
| Carter | 408 | 12.72% | 2,763 | 86.13% | 37 | 1.15% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -2,355 | -73.41% | 3,208 |
| Cheatham | 1,190 | 71.82% | 440 | 26.55% | 24 | 1.45% | 3 | 0.18% | 0 | 0.00% | 750 | 45.26% | 1,657 |
| Chester | 894 | 53.21% | 702 | 41.79% | 8 | 0.48% | 76 | 4.52% | 0 | 0.00% | 192 | 11.43% | 1,680 |
| Claiborne | 770 | 43.68% | 987 | 55.98% | 6 | 0.34% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -217 | -12.31% | 1,763 |
| Clay | 830 | 61.25% | 498 | 36.75% | 12 | 0.89% | 11 | 0.81% | 4 | 0.30% | 332 | 24.50% | 1,355 |
| Cocke | 1,001 | 29.69% | 2,360 | 70.01% | 10 | 0.30% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -1,359 | -40.31% | 3,371 |
| Coffee | 1,660 | 70.34% | 624 | 26.44% | 45 | 1.91% | 2 | 0.08% | 29 | 1.23% | 1,036 | 43.90% | 2,360 |
| Crockett | 1,428 | 56.62% | 1,050 | 41.63% | 41 | 1.63% | 0 | 0.00% | 3 | 0.12% | 378 | 14.99% | 2,522 |
| Cumberland | 405 | 34.67% | 750 | 64.21% | 13 | 1.11% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -345 | -29.54% | 1,168 |
| Davidson | 6,869 | 70.81% | 2,501 | 25.78% | 232 | 2.39% | 31 | 0.32% | 67 | 0.69% | 4,368 | 45.03% | 9,700 |
| DeKalb | 1,528 | 50.43% | 1,442 | 47.59% | 60 | 1.98% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 86 | 2.84% | 3,030 |
| Decatur | 909 | 50.53% | 890 | 49.47% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 19 | 1.06% | 1,799 |
| Dickson | 1,691 | 62.47% | 964 | 35.61% | 39 | 1.44% | 10 | 0.37% | 3 | 0.11% | 727 | 26.86% | 2,707 |
| Dyer | 1,975 | 71.87% | 728 | 26.49% | 45 | 1.64% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,247 | 45.38% | 2,748 |
| Fayette | 2,282 | 71.31% | 885 | 27.66% | 20 | 0.63% | 12 | 0.38% | 1 | 0.03% | 1,397 | 43.66% | 3,200 |
| Fentress | 320 | 29.01% | 782 | 70.90% | 1 | 0.09% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -462 | -41.89% | 1,103 |
| Franklin | 2,196 | 76.49% | 613 | 21.35% | 62 | 2.16% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,583 | 55.14% | 2,871 |
| Gibson | 3,376 | 64.97% | 1,509 | 29.04% | 257 | 4.95% | 54 | 1.04% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,867 | 35.93% | 5,196 |
| Giles | 2,790 | 61.43% | 1,703 | 37.49% | 26 | 0.57% | 23 | 0.51% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,087 | 23.93% | 4,542 |
| Grainger | 960 | 34.68% | 1,802 | 65.10% | 6 | 0.22% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -842 | -30.42% | 2,768 |
| Greene | 2,868 | 47.89% | 3,091 | 51.61% | 30 | 0.50% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -223 | -3.72% | 5,989 |
| Grundy | 852 | 69.72% | 357 | 29.21% | 13 | 1.06% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 495 | 40.51% | 1,222 |
| Hamblen | 959 | 41.52% | 1,322 | 57.23% | 29 | 1.26% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -363 | -15.71% | 2,310 |
| Hamilton | 3,188 | 42.57% | 3,943 | 52.66% | 257 | 3.43% | 39 | 0.52% | 61 | 0.81% | -755 | -10.08% | 7,488 |
| Hancock | 382 | 21.09% | 1,429 | 78.91% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -1,047 | -57.81% | 1,811 |
| Hardeman | 1,974 | 59.42% | 1,336 | 40.22% | 3 | 0.09% | 9 | 0.27% | 0 | 0.00% | 638 | 19.21% | 3,322 |
| Hardin | 1,159 | 45.88% | 1,367 | 54.12% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -208 | -8.23% | 2,526 |
| Hawkins | 1,867 | 42.38% | 2,515 | 57.09% | 22 | 0.50% | 1 | 0.02% | 0 | 0.00% | -648 | -14.71% | 4,405 |
| Haywood | 1,452 | 85.87% | 214 | 12.66% | 16 | 0.95% | 4 | 0.24% | 5 | 0.30% | 1,238 | 73.21% | 1,691 |
| Henderson | 1,308 | 39.87% | 1,925 | 58.67% | 42 | 1.28% | 6 | 0.18% | 0 | 0.00% | -617 | -18.81% | 3,281 |
| Henry | 2,605 | 70.92% | 929 | 25.29% | 103 | 2.80% | 26 | 0.71% | 10 | 0.27% | 1,676 | 45.63% | 3,673 |
| Hickman | 1,292 | 58.22% | 894 | 40.29% | 9 | 0.41% | 24 | 1.08% | 0 | 0.00% | 398 | 17.94% | 2,219 |
| Houston | 738 | 66.85% | 341 | 30.89% | 25 | 2.26% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 397 | 35.96% | 1,104 |
| Humphreys | 1,561 | 69.78% | 614 | 27.45% | 54 | 2.41% | 4 | 0.18% | 4 | 0.18% | 947 | 42.33% | 2,237 |
| Jackson | 1,479 | 61.12% | 935 | 38.64% | 0 | 0.00% | 6 | 0.25% | 0 | 0.00% | 544 | 22.48% | 2,420 |
| James | 283 | 32.01% | 598 | 67.65% | 3 | 0.34% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -315 | -35.63% | 884 |
| Jefferson | 816 | 25.67% | 2,347 | 73.83% | 16 | 0.50% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -1,531 | -48.16% | 3,179 |
| Johnson | 189 | 10.42% | 1,618 | 89.20% | 7 | 0.39% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -1,429 | -78.78% | 1,814 |
| Knox | 4,389 | 51.08% | 3,982 | 46.35% | 120 | 1.40% | 47 | 0.55% | 54 | 0.63% | 407 | 4.74% | 8,592 |
| Lake | 558 | 73.52% | 201 | 26.48% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 357 | 47.04% | 759 |
| Lauderdale | 1,807 | 78.46% | 437 | 18.98% | 24 | 1.04% | 35 | 1.52% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,370 | 59.49% | 2,303 |
| Lawrence | 1,480 | 52.73% | 1,327 | 47.27% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 153 | 5.45% | 2,807 |
| Lewis | 400 | 66.23% | 202 | 33.44% | 2 | 0.33% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 198 | 32.78% | 604 |
| Lincoln | 2,463 | 72.19% | 728 | 21.34% | 168 | 4.92% | 53 | 1.55% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,735 | 50.85% | 3,412 |
| Loudon | 512 | 31.28% | 1,116 | 68.17% | 7 | 0.43% | 2 | 0.12% | 0 | 0.00% | -604 | -36.90% | 1,637 |
| Macon | 871 | 39.66% | 1,325 | 60.34% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -454 | -20.67% | 2,196 |
| Madison | 2,379 | 64.84% | 1,147 | 31.26% | 15 | 0.41% | 123 | 3.35% | 5 | 0.14% | 1,232 | 33.58% | 3,669 |
| Marion | 1,234 | 43.73% | 1,585 | 56.17% | 3 | 0.11% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -351 | -12.44% | 2,822 |
| Marshall | 2,184 | 69.27% | 763 | 24.20% | 95 | 3.01% | 111 | 3.52% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,421 | 45.07% | 3,153 |
| Maury | 3,325 | 56.42% | 2,491 | 42.27% | 53 | 0.90% | 24 | 0.41% | 0 | 0.00% | 834 | 14.15% | 5,893 |
| McMinn | 1,289 | 37.90% | 2,057 | 60.48% | 52 | 1.53% | 3 | 0.09% | 0 | 0.00% | -768 | -22.58% | 3,401 |
| McNairy | 1,443 | 48.37% | 1,498 | 50.22% | 7 | 0.23% | 35 | 1.17% | 0 | 0.00% | -55 | -1.84% | 2,983 |
| Meigs | 701 | 52.83% | 619 | 46.65% | 2 | 0.15% | 5 | 0.38% | 0 | 0.00% | 82 | 6.18% | 1,327 |
| Monroe | 1,634 | 47.40% | 1,743 | 50.57% | 69 | 2.00% | 1 | 0.03% | 0 | 0.00% | -109 | -3.16% | 3,447 |
| Montgomery | 2,248 | 51.30% | 1,815 | 41.42% | 318 | 7.26% | 1 | 0.02% | 0 | 0.00% | 433 | 9.88% | 4,382 |
| Moore | 838 | 91.09% | 66 | 7.17% | 16 | 1.74% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 772 | 83.91% | 920 |
| Morgan | 421 | 28.45% | 1,053 | 71.15% | 6 | 0.41% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -632 | -42.70% | 1,480 |
| Obion | 2,722 | 74.78% | 771 | 21.18% | 127 | 3.49% | 20 | 0.55% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,951 | 53.60% | 3,640 |
| Overton | 1,443 | 65.38% | 764 | 34.62% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 679 | 30.77% | 2,207 |
| Perry | 851 | 57.89% | 608 | 41.36% | 0 | 0.00% | 11 | 0.75% | 0 | 0.00% | 243 | 16.53% | 1,470 |
| Pickett | 345 | 40.16% | 514 | 59.84% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -169 | -19.67% | 859 |
| Polk | 737 | 44.83% | 906 | 55.11% | 0 | 0.00% | 1 | 0.06% | 0 | 0.00% | -169 | -10.28% | 1,644 |
| Putnam | 1,452 | 57.76% | 1,058 | 42.08% | 4 | 0.16% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 394 | 15.67% | 2,514 |
| Rhea | 798 | 47.93% | 832 | 49.97% | 33 | 1.98% | 1 | 0.06% | 1 | 0.06% | -34 | -2.04% | 1,665 |
| Roane | 740 | 22.06% | 2,429 | 72.42% | 148 | 4.41% | 14 | 0.42% | 23 | 0.69% | -1,689 | -50.36% | 3,354 |
| Robertson | 2,564 | 68.10% | 1,128 | 29.96% | 67 | 1.78% | 6 | 0.16% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,436 | 38.14% | 3,765 |
| Rutherford | 2,517 | 62.29% | 1,429 | 35.36% | 13 | 0.32% | 82 | 2.03% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,088 | 26.92% | 4,041 |
| Scott | 171 | 10.23% | 1,498 | 89.59% | 3 | 0.18% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -1,327 | -79.37% | 1,672 |
| Sequatchie | 375 | 62.71% | 216 | 36.12% | 7 | 1.17% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 159 | 26.59% | 598 |
| Sevier | 382 | 12.81% | 2,595 | 86.99% | 6 | 0.20% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -2,213 | -74.19% | 2,983 |
| Shelby | 5,143 | 62.50% | 2,961 | 35.98% | 42 | 0.51% | 32 | 0.39% | 51 | 0.62% | 2,182 | 26.52% | 8,229 |
| Smith | 1,940 | 61.16% | 1,118 | 35.25% | 80 | 2.52% | 34 | 1.07% | 0 | 0.00% | 822 | 25.91% | 3,172 |
| Stewart | 1,577 | 65.93% | 793 | 33.15% | 20 | 0.84% | 2 | 0.08% | 0 | 0.00% | 784 | 32.78% | 2,392 |
| Sullivan | 2,421 | 57.42% | 1,739 | 41.25% | 55 | 1.30% | 1 | 0.02% | 0 | 0.00% | 682 | 16.18% | 4,216 |
| Sumner | 2,589 | 75.68% | 776 | 22.68% | 26 | 0.76% | 26 | 0.76% | 4 | 0.12% | 1,813 | 53.00% | 3,421 |
| Tipton | 1,887 | 58.55% | 1,308 | 40.58% | 8 | 0.25% | 20 | 0.62% | 0 | 0.00% | 579 | 17.96% | 3,223 |
| Trousdale | 675 | 72.82% | 222 | 23.95% | 3 | 0.32% | 27 | 2.91% | 0 | 0.00% | 453 | 48.87% | 927 |
| Unicoi | 76 | 8.29% | 822 | 89.64% | 19 | 2.07% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -746 | -81.35% | 917 |
| Union | 566 | 27.22% | 1,501 | 72.20% | 12 | 0.58% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | -935 | -44.97% | 2,079 |
| Van Buren | 425 | 73.40% | 153 | 26.42% | 1 | 0.17% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 272 | 46.98% | 579 |
| Warren | 1,926 | 74.13% | 672 | 25.87% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,254 | 48.27% | 2,598 |
| Washington | 1,496 | 36.98% | 2,488 | 61.51% | 60 | 1.48% | 1 | 0.02% | 0 | 0.00% | -992 | -24.52% | 4,045 |
| Wayne | 576 | 28.94% | 1,405 | 70.60% | 8 | 0.40% | 1 | 0.05% | 0 | 0.00% | -829 | -41.66% | 1,990 |
| Weakley | 3,609 | 62.74% | 1,990 | 34.60% | 123 | 2.14% | 30 | 0.52% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,619 | 28.15% | 5,752 |
| White | 1,658 | 70.92% | 656 | 28.06% | 24 | 1.03% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,002 | 42.86% | 2,338 |
| Williamson | 2,136 | 72.98% | 704 | 24.05% | 49 | 1.67% | 38 | 1.30% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,432 | 48.92% | 2,927 |
| Wilson | 2,674 | 70.20% | 1,061 | 27.86% | 66 | 1.73% | 8 | 0.21% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,613 | 42.35% | 3,809 |
| Totals | 145,249 | 53.04% | 123,108 | 44.95% | 3,844 | 1.40% | 1,323 | 0.48% | 346 | 0.13% | 22,141 | 8.08% | 273,870 |

1. Wright, John K.; ‘Voting Habits in the United States: A Note on Two Maps’; *Geographical Review*, vol. 22, no. 4 (October 1932), pp. 666-672
2. Key (Jr.), Valdimer Orlando; *Southern Politics in State and Nation* (New York, 1949), pp. 282-283
3. Lyons, William; Scheb (II), John M. and Stair Billy; *Government and Politics in Tennessee*, pp. 183-184 ISBN 1572331410
4. Kousser, J. Morgan; *The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South, 1880-1910*, p. 104 ISBN 0-300-01973-4
5. Kousser; *The Shaping of Southern Politics*, p. 110
6. Kousser, *The Shaping of Southern Politics*, p. 118
7. *Kousser; The Shaping of Southern Politics*, p. 104
8. ‘Summary of the States Generally Conceded to McKinley or Bryan by Impartial Observers’; *The Boston Globe*, October 21, 1900, p. 33
9. Dave Leip's U.S. Election Atlas; Presidential General Election Results – Tennessee
10. "Popular Vote at the Presidential Election for 1900". Géoelections. (.xlsx file for €30)

## InfoBox

1900 United States presidential election in Tennessee
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **William Jennings Bryan** William McKinley   Party Democratic Republican  Home state Nebraska Ohio  Running mate **Adlai Stevenson I** Theodore Roosevelt  Electoral vote **12** 0  Popular vote **145,240** 123,108  Percentage **53.03%** 44.95% | |
| ---  County results | |
| ---  **President before election**
William McKinley
Republican **Elected President**
William McKinley
Republican | |