title: Rama Varma of Venad

abstract: Rajah Rama Varma was the ruler of the Indian kingdom of Venad, later known as Travancore, in the modern day state of Kerala, India between 1724 and 1729, having succeeded his brother Unni Kerala Varma. He is better known as the uncle of Maharajah Padmanabha Dasa Vanchi Pala Marthanda Varma Kulasekhara Perumal, the "maker of modern Travancore". He was born into the Royal Family of Kolathunadu, as the second son of Rajah Ittamar of Thattari Kovilakam. It was princes from the Parappanadu family who customarily married Kolathunadu princesses. Rama Varma's entire family, including himself, two sisters and his elder brother Unni Kerala Varma, were adopted into the Venad house as members of the Travancore Royal Family by Rajah Ravi Varma, nephew of Umayamma Rani due to the failure of heirs there. Ittammar Raja's sister and her sons, Rama Varma and Raghava Varma, settled in Kilimanoor and married the now adopted sisters. Of the adopted sisters, one died soon after her adoption while the other was the mother of the Maharajah Marthanda Varma.

text:
# Rama Varma of Venad

**Rajah Rama Varma** was the ruler of the Indian kingdom of Venad, later known as Travancore, in the modern day state of Kerala, India between 1724 and 1729, having succeeded his brother Unni Kerala Varma. He is better known as the uncle of Maharajah Padmanabha Dasa Vanchi Pala Marthanda Varma Kulasekhara Perumal, the "maker of modern Travancore". He was born into the Royal Family of Kolathunadu, as the second son of Rajah Ittamar of Thattari Kovilakam (who in turn belonged to the Parappanadu Royal Family). It was princes from the Parappanadu family who customarily married Kolathunadu princesses. Rama Varma's entire family, including himself, two sisters and his elder brother Unni Kerala Varma, were adopted into the Venad house as members of the Travancore Royal Family by Rajah Ravi Varma, nephew of Umayamma Rani due to the failure of heirs there. Ittammar Raja's sister and her sons, Rama Varma and Raghava Varma (who were descendants of Parappanadu due to *marumakkathayam*), settled in Kilimanoor and married the now adopted sisters. Of the adopted sisters, one died soon after her adoption while the other was the mother of the Maharajah Marthanda Varma.

## Reign

Rajah Rama Varma was a weak ruler during whose reign the Ettuveetil Pillamar, the Ettara Yogam and other nobles had more power than the King himself, as had been the case since the middle of the 17th century. However, on the advice of Marthanda Varma, the Rajah signed a treaty of subordination with the Madurai Nayak dynasty and secured a Vatuka force in Venad. This frightened the disloyal nobles for sometime, who now, however, turned their attention towards killing Marthanda Varma, the heir apparent under the Marumakkathayam law. Previously, the Ettuveetil Pillamar had been responsible for the assassination of prince Kerala Varma.

## The Kunju Thampimar

The Rajah Rama Varma had married a princess known as Abhirami alias Shrimathi Avirama Kochamma from whom he had issue, two sons, Padmanabhan and Raman Thampi, known as the *Kunju Thampimar* and a daughter Ummini Thankachi. On the demise of the Rajah in 1729, Maharajah Marthanda Varma succeeded to the throne under the *Marumakkathayam* law of inheritance.

However, the succession of their cousin to their father's throne, infuriated the *Kunju Thampimar* (because their mother was from a caste that didn't follow matriliny, they thought they will succeed their father) who allied themselves with the Ettuveetil Pillamar, Marthanda Varma's foes. On their instigation, the Thampi brothers proceeded to Trichonopoly and succeeded in making the nayak government there believe that Marthanda Varma was a usurper and that they were the rightful heirs to the throne of Venad. The Madurai nayak Government deputed a Commander known as Azhagappa Mudaliar to install the *Kunju Thampimar* in Venad and punish Marthanda Varma. However the Mudaliar was bribed by the King, and the Thampi brothers were severely reprimanded for their actions.

Soon after this, in 1733, the Thampi brothers made a visit to their cousin while he was at Nagercoil Palace where they were both killed by Marthanda Varma. While the traditional accounts state that they attempted to assassinate Marthanda Varma and were hence killed, it is not clear as to why their sister Ummini Thankachi was also killed by Marthanda Varma. There is also another local legend that she committed suicide following the killings of her brothers. Thus the sons of Rajah Rama Varma were vanquished and Marthanda Varma became the Rajah of Venad which he expanded into modern Travancore.


title: Scaw'd Law

abstract: Scaw'd Law is a hill in the Lowther Hills range, part of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. The Dumfries and Galloway-South Lanarkshire border runs along its summit, which is notable for having two similar rounded tops; the top 300m to the north is likely the true summit. Surrounded on most sides by tracks or roads, there are various routes to the summit, but the most frequent ascents are from Durisdeer or the Daer Reservoir.

text:
# Scaw'd Law

**Scaw'd Law** is a hill in the Lowther Hills range, part of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. The Dumfries and Galloway-South Lanarkshire border runs along its summit, which is notable for having two similar rounded tops; the top 300m to the north is likely the true summit. Surrounded on most sides by tracks or roads, there are various routes to the summit, but the most frequent ascents are from Durisdeer or the Daer Reservoir.

## Subsidiary SMC Summits

| Summit | Height (m) | Listing |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Glenleith Fell | 612 | DT,sSim |

## InfoBox

| Scaw'd Law | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 663 m (2,175 ft) |
| Prominence | 58 m (190 ft) |
| Listing | Tu,Sim,,GT,DN |
| Geography | |
| Location | Southern Uplands, Scotland |
| Parent range | Lowther Hills, Southern Uplands |
| OS grid | NS 92219 03784 |
| Topo map | OS *Landranger* 78 |


title: SKR Engineering College

abstract: SKR Engineering College is a postsecondary educational institution located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India focusing on engineering.

text:
# SKR Engineering College

**SKR Engineering College** is a postsecondary educational institution located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India focusing on engineering.

## Undergraduate courses (4 years)

**Bachelor of Engineering degree in**

## Postgraduate courses (2 years)

**SKR Engineering College** is an engineering college in Poonamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The institution was established in 2001 by Shri A.M.Srinivasan and Shri K. Ramadoss.

## InfoBox

**SKR ENGINEERING COLLEGE**
| Established | 2001 |
| --- | --- |
| Chairman | Shri K. Ramadoss |
| Principal | Dr.P.Senthilkumar, M.E, Ph.D |
| Location | Poonamallee, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India |
| Nickname | SKR, SKREC |
| Affiliations | SRINIVASA EDUCATIONAL TRUST, Anna University |
| Website | www.skrec.in |


title: Sarasota High School

abstract: Sarasota High School is a public high school of the Sarasota County Public Schools in Sarasota, Florida, United States, a city by the Gulf of Mexico. The school colors are black and orange and the mascot is a sailor. The school was segregated and no African Americans allowed to attend until desegregation.

text:
# Sarasota High School

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Paul Rudolph Sarasota High School Addition | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Sarasota High School Addition | |
|  | |
| Location | Sarasota, Florida |
| Built | 1958–59 |
| Architect | Paul Rudolph |
| MPS | Sarasota School of Architecture MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 12000365 |
| Added to NRHP | June 27, 2012 |

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Old Sarasota High School | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 27°19′30″N 82°31′46″W / 27.32500°N 82.52944°W / 27.32500; -82.52944 |
| Area | 1 acre (0.40 ha) |
| Built | 1926 |
| Architect | M. Leo Elliott, T. A. Monk |
| Architectural style | Late Gothic Revival |
| MPS | Sarasota MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 84003844 |
| Added to NRHP | March 22, 1984 |

**Sarasota High School** is a public high school of the Sarasota County Public Schools in Sarasota, Florida, United States, a city by the Gulf of Mexico. The school colors are black and orange and the mascot is a sailor. The school was segregated and no African Americans allowed to attend until desegregation.

## History

### Old Sarasota High School

#### Architecture

Old Sarasota High School was designed by architect M. Leo Elliott in 1926. The school was completed in 1927 and the first senior class graduated in 1928.

Made of red brick and glazed terra cotta, the Late Gothic Revival building was set on a high base of limestone and concrete laid in imitation of limestone. It has three stories with a 4½-story entrance tower building. The rectangular, irregular plan masonry wall structure is typical of the Collegiate Gothic style, which was popular at the time. The interior features other Gothic Revival motifs like coats of arms, quatrefoils, and arched ceilings which dominate the hallways and entryway.

Local historians describe the architecture's impressive artistry: "The massive tower entrance to the school on U.S. 41 features brick pier buttresses, which terminated at the top of the tower projection in glazed terra cotta cluster columns. Ornate crocket projections formerly pierced the skyline, but were removed at an unknown date. The tower was ornamented with various combinations of colonettes, crockets, tracery, quatrefoils and bosses, all Gothic Revival motifs, executed in ornamental glazed terra cotta."

#### Construction

The construction of Sarasota High School was part of a county-wide program which included the erection of South Side School and Bay Haven School. The school expansion program coincided with the land "Boom" upward rise of real estate prices; as a result, the high school site was purchased for $317,000. In *The Story of Sarasota*, author Karl Grismer commented that the "tract upon which the school was located, cost more than the Florida Mortgage and Investment Company, Ltd., paid for the entire site of Sarasota - and 50,000 acres beside - in 1885!" Bond issues in excess of $1,500,000 were used to float the land acquisition, construction and operating costs required by the school expansion program.

#### Conversion into the Sarasota Art Museum

After closing the building in 1996, the building was shuttered for many years and left neglected. There were rumors of toxic asbestos and public uproar always followed any attempt to demolish the building. In 2003, plans began to repurpose the building for use as an art museum.

Initial plans for conversion into the Sarasota Museum of Art had been put on hold for a number of years, but the Sarasota Art Museum of Ringling College of Art and Design opened to the public on December 15, 2019.

### Current campus

The current campus, consisting of two buildings — a 60,000-square-foot (5,600 m2) 1926 Collegiate Gothic structure designed by M. Leo Elliott and a 20,000-square-foot (1,900 m2) mid-century building by Paul Rudolph added in 1958-1959. The adaptive reuse project was led by Lawson Group Architects.

Finally, in 1996, the school expanded to its current size of 85 acres (0.34 km2), and classes began to move out of the old Sarasota High building.

## Activities

The school offers numerous clubs including: JROTC, Drama Guild, History Club, French Club, Spanish Club, American Sign Language Club, National Honor Society, Student Government, First Priority Christian Club, Lady Sailor Club, Ex Libris Book Club, La Sertoa, Mu Alpha Theta, Rho Kappa, and a Speech & Debate team.

## Sports

Sarasota High School offers numerous sports at the Freshman, JV, and Varsity levels. These sports include cheerleading, marching band, swimming & diving, track & field, wrestling, weight lifting, cross country, basketball, football, softball, golf, sailing, soccer, lacrosse, and baseball.

## Sailor Circus

The world-famous Sarasota High School Sailor Circus began as a mid-game tumbling demonstration during a football game in 1949. The Sailor Circus held their first performance in 1950 as an extension of the PE class at the high school. In celebration of the Circus' 20th anniversary in 1969, the Sailor Circus relocated to an arena right outside the school campus.

It has evolved into a near full-fledged circus of student performers trained and supervised by faculty and parents, some of which are or were professional circus performers. The Sailor Circus has appeared on numerous television programs and has traveled throughout the United States, Japan and Peru. In 1952, Warner Brothers made a 30-minute short on the Sailor Circus which was shown in theaters throughout North America. Through an agreement with Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Combined Shows, Inc. (Ringling having a long association with Sarasota), the Sailor Circus is officially known as "The Greatest Little Show On Earth".

In 2008, the Sarasota County School Board dropped Sailor Circus due to "safety hazard" and the Sailor Circus was picked up by The Police Athletic League (P.A.L.) of Sarasota ran by the Sherriff's Office. 2009 was the mark of the 60th anniversary of Sailor circus, which is no longer affiliated with Sarasota High School. In 2013 the Circus Arts Conservatory bought the Sailor Circus Arena and turned it into Sailor Circus Academy for pre-professional development all the way through age 21.

## Campus

The school currently has over 2,600 students with 139 teachers and faculty. The campus featuring 19 buildings (5 of them being 2 stories) and 10 portable units (each containing one classroom). There are 2 cafeterias, 2 gymnasiums, 2 locker rooms, a professional weight training room, an auditorium with stage and dressing rooms, a circus arena, 8 tennis courts, 2 baseball/softball diamonds, a football stadium with a track surrounding it, and a soccer field, and 4 parking lots.

Sarasota High features a 1-mile walking path around and through the school.

## MaST

MaST Research Institute is a magnet program at Sarasota High. This program emphasizes in math, science, and engineering. The main focus of the program is to educate students on the scientific research process and then to have its members complete in-depth research projects over the course of their high school careers. Students defend their research in a public forum at the end of their senior year at the program's annual science symposium. Students involved in the MaST Research Institute have won multiple awards for their research, including: multiple entrants and placement at the INTEL International Science and Engineering Fair, placement at the International ISWEEEP competition, multiple placements (including 1st place) and entrants to the statewide Florida Junior Academy of Science Competition; and multiple entrants and placement in the statewide Junior Science Engineering and Humanities Symposium. MaST students have attended some of the top Universities in the nation upon graduation, including (but not limited to): Stanford, Princeton, Harvard, Duke, Dartmouth, Columbia, Georgetown, and Georgia Tech.

## AICE

In the 2011–2012 school year, Sarasota High School started the magnet program AICE, the Advanced International Certificate of Education, a program from Cambridge University in the United Kingdom. The program is new to Florida, but is common through the rest of the world. One of the main reasons of bringing the AICE program to Sarasota High, was to keep the college bound students districted to Sarasota High from going to the International Baccalaureate magnet program at Riverview High School. The goal of the program is to allow students to choose the amount of college prep classes they want, from 1 to all their core classes. The program has 3 main groups (Languages, Humanities and Arts, and Math and Science) and a student will need to take an AICE exam in 6 AICE classes to get a test in each of the 3 groups, and then the other 3 from any area. Students begin taking AICE classes in 9th grade. They take Pre-AICE classes in 9th and some of 10th grade. Sarasota High has replaced honors classes with Pre-AICE classes. A student can get up to 45 college credits with AICE compared with only 10 credits in IB at Riverview High School. If a student completes 100 hours of community service, a student can also receive 100% of the Bright Futures Scholarship Program.

## Foreign languages

Sarasota High School offers students the chance to learn Spanish or American Sign Language. Latin used to be offered. Although not a requirement of graduation in Florida, 2 years of a foreign language is required for admission into a state university.

## Arts

Sarasota High School has a band, choir, color guard, and drama guild. The band and color guard performs at all the football games and the drama guild also put on plays.

## Notable alumni

27°19′26″N 82°31′37″W / 27.324°N 82.527°W / 27.324; -82.527

## InfoBox

| Sarasota High School | |
| --- | --- |
| The Sailor is the mascot of SHS | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 1000 South School Avenue
Sarasota, Florida
United States | |
| Information | |
| School type | Public High School |
| Opened | 1913, 111 years ago |
| Status | Open |
| School board | Sarasota County S.B. |
| School district | Sarasota County Schools |
| Principal | David Jones |
| Staff | 128.60 (FTE) |
| Grades | 9–12 |
| Enrollment | 2,528 (2022-23) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 19.66 |
| Color(s) | Black & Orange |
| Athletics | Yes |
| Mascot | Sailor Sam |
| Rivals | Riverview |
| Yearbook | *Sailor's Log* |
| Information | (941) 955-0181 |
| Website | Sarasota High School |


title: Point of View (Passmore)

abstract: Point of View is an art installation, created by the California artist Matthew Passmore, consisting of two towers installed in Haifa, Israel, and San Francisco, California. The towers serve as periscopes, offering live views of the other city to viewers.

text:
# Point of View (Passmore)

***Point of View*** is an art installation, created by the California artist Matthew Passmore, consisting of two towers installed in Haifa, Israel, and San Francisco, California. The towers serve as periscopes, offering live views of the other city to viewers.

## InfoBox

| Point of View | |
| --- | --- |
| The tower in San Francisco in 2018 | |
| Artist | Matthew Passmore |
| Location |  |


title: Danilo Dueñas

abstract: Danilo Dueñas, has been a professor at the Art Department of the University of The Andes, the School of Fine Arts of the National University of Colombia and at the Faculty of Fine Arts of the Jorge Tadeo Lozano University since 1990. In 1995, he participated in the exhibitions Mesótica and Transatlántica, curated by Carlos Basualdo at the Museum of Contemporary Art and Design in San José de Costa Rica and the Alejandro Otero Museum of Visual Arts in Caracas, respectively. In 1999, he was the recipient of the Johnnie Walker in the Arts Award granted by Paulo Herkenhoff, for his installation "Espacio Preservado II", presented at the Luis Ángel Arango Library. In 2001, two simultaneous retrospective exhibitions of his works were held at the Museum of Modern Art in Bogotá and the Museum of Art of the National University of Colombia. In 2003, another retrospective exhibition was held at the Museum of Contemporary Art of Caracas. In 2006, he was the international guest at the Caracas FIA and in 2008 he presented "Dentro del espacio expositivo" at Periférico Caracas, curated by Jesus Fuenmayor. His works are also represented in the Museum of Fine Arts in Caracas and the Museum of Modern Art in Rio de Janeiro. He is now part of the Artist Pension Trust Mexico. During the year 2011, Danilo Dueñas was a guest of the Artists-in-Berlin Programme of the DAAD.

text:
# Danilo Dueñas

**Danilo Dueñas** (born 1956 in Cali, Colombia), has been a professor at the Art Department of the University of The Andes, the School of Fine Arts of the National University of Colombia and at the Faculty of Fine Arts of the Jorge Tadeo Lozano University since 1990. In 1995, he participated in the exhibitions Mesótica and Transatlántica, curated by Carlos Basualdo at the Museum of Contemporary Art and Design in San José de Costa Rica and the Alejandro Otero Museum of Visual Arts in Caracas, respectively. In 1999, he was the recipient of the Johnnie Walker in the Arts Award granted by Paulo Herkenhoff, for his installation "Espacio Preservado II", presented at the Luis Ángel Arango Library. In 2001, two simultaneous retrospective exhibitions of his works were held at the Museum of Modern Art in Bogotá and the Museum of Art of the National University of Colombia. In 2003, another retrospective exhibition was held at the Museum of Contemporary Art of Caracas. In 2006, he was the international guest at the Caracas FIA and in 2008 he presented "Dentro del espacio expositivo" at Periférico Caracas, curated by Jesus Fuenmayor. His works are also represented in the Museum of Fine Arts in Caracas and the Museum of Modern Art in Rio de Janeiro. He is now part of the Artist Pension Trust Mexico. During the year 2011, Danilo Dueñas was a guest of the Artists-in-Berlin Programme of the DAAD.

## Solo exhibitions

* "The Golgotha Series" (1987), The Guggenheim Gallery, Miami
* "Enchape" (1993), Museo de Arte de la Universidad Nacional, Bogotá
* "Trailer Exhibition" (1996), 36 Salón Nacional de Artistas, Corferias, Bogotá
* "Sin las palabras circundantes" (Historical revision) (2001), Museo de Arte Moderno de Bogotá, Bogotá
* "Sin las palabras circundantes" (Installations) (2001), Museo de Arte de la Universidad Nacional, Bogotá
* "Local (tllaqpc)" (2003), Premio Luis Caballero, Bogotá
* "Local (BOG-CCS)" (2003), Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Caracas, Caracas
* "Ilegibilidad" (2005), Alianza Colombo-Francesa, Bogotá
* "Dentro del espacio expositivo" (2008), Periférico Caracas, Caracas
* "El Salón de Actos" (2008/09), 41 Salón Nacional de Artistas, Cali
* "A Flight" (2009) Galería Casas Riegner, Bogotá
* "At Actium and a tribute to John McCracken" (2011), daadgalerie Berlin
* "A door repeated and the wardrobe fell." (2012), Galerie Thomas Schulte Berlin
* "Sense of Mendicity" (2013), Alejandra von Hartz, Miami
* "Como es" (2014), Galería Casas Riegner, Bogotá
* "Arrecife" (2014), Galería Jenny Vilá, Cali
* "The painting fallen, and the collapse of Rome" (2015), Galerie Thomas Schulte, Berlin

## Group exhibitions

* "Mesótica- the america non-representativa" (1995), Museo de Arte y Diseño Contemporáneo, San José de Costa Rica
* "Transatlántica- the america-europa non-representativa" (1995), Museo de Artes Visuales Alejandro Otero, Caracas
* "Correspondences, Contemporary Art from the Colección Patricia Phelps de Cisneros" (2008), Wheaton College, Massachusetts
* "Geografías (in)visibles", (2008) Arte contemporáneo latinoamericano en la Colección Patricia Phelps de Cisneros", Centro León, República Dominicana
* "Beuys y más allá" (2011), Biblioteca Luis Angel Arango, Bogotá
* "Agency of Unrealized Projects" (2012), daadgalerie, Berlin
* "Teach Us To Outgrow Our Madness" (2014), Galerie Thomas Schulte, Berlin
* "Impulse, Reason, Sense, Conflict" (2014), CIFO Art Space, Miami
* "Abstracción" (2015), Galería Casas Riegner, Bogotá

## Public collections

* 1989 La Tertulia Museum, Cali
* 1989 Museo de Arte Moderno de Rio de Janeiro
* 1990 Museo de Arte Moderno de Bogotá
* 1992 Museo de Arte de la Universidad Nacional, Bogota
* 1993 Museo de Arte Moderno de Popayán
* 1994 Museo de Bellas Artes de Caracas
* 1998 Museo de Arte Moderno de Barranquilla
* 2003 Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Caracas
* 2011 Biblioteca Luis Angel Arango, Bogotá

## InfoBox

| Danilo Dueñas | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1956-08-15) 15 August 1956 |
| Nationality | Colombian |
| Known for | Painting, Installation art |
| Awards | DAAD Berliner Künstlerprogramm 2011, Premio Luis Caballero Finalist 2003, Johnie Walker in the Arts Prize Winner 1999, First Prize VI Regional Artists Salon of Bogotá 1993, National Grant of Artistic Creation by the Colombian Ministry of Culture 1993. |


title: Kranji Mile

abstract: The Kranji Mile is a thoroughbred horse race held annually in May at Singapore Turf Club. The race was first introduced in 2000. Contested on turf over a left-handed course, the domestic Group 1 race is run over a distance 1,600 metres and is open to horses age three and older. In 2018, it was revamped as an invitational race but since 2020, has been open to local runners only due to races being conducted behind closed doors.

text:
# Kranji Mile

The **Kranji Mile** is a thoroughbred horse race held annually in May at Singapore Turf Club. The race was first introduced in 2000. Contested on turf over a left-handed course, the domestic Group 1 race (also an International Group 3 race recognised in The Blue Book by the International Federation of Horseracing) is run over a distance 1,600 metres (8 furlongs) and is open to horses age three and older. In 2018, it was revamped as an invitational race but since 2020, has been open to local runners only due to races being conducted behind closed doors.

## Records

**Speed record:**

* 1:32.81 – Lim’s Kosciuszko (2023)

**Most wins:**

**Most wins by an owner:**

* 4 - Lim’s Stable (2008, 2022, 2023, 2024)

**Most wins by a jockey:**

* 2 - Saimee Jumaat (2010, 2011)
* 2 - John Powell (2005, 2009)
* 2 - Danny Beasley (2013, 2014)
* 2 - Michael Rodd (2015, 2016)
* 2 - Zac Purton (2018, 2019)
* 2 - Wong Chin Chuen (2022, 2023)

**Most wins by a trainer:**

## Winners

Winners of the Kranji Mile are as follows.

| Year
 | Winner
 | Jockey
 | Trainer
 | Owner
 | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| **2000** | Pacific Prince | Darryll Holland | Charles Leck | Prince Stable | 1:36.0 |
| **2001** | Smart Bet | Grant Cooksley | Mohd Yusof | Smart Bet Stable | 1:37.8 |
| **2002** | Pacific Prince | W. H. Lao | Charles Leck | Prince Stable | 1:35.4 |
| **2003** | Blizz Bless | Johnny Geroudis | Patrick Shaw | Fred Crabbia | 1:36.4 |
| **2004** | Mayo's Music | Jason Patton | John Meagher | Kings Stable | 1:42.8 |
| **2005** | Really Good | John Powell | Don Baertschiger | Good Stable | 1:37.7 |
| **2006** | Recast | Oscar Chavez | John Meagher | Kings Stable | 1:37.5 |
| **2007** | Setembro Chove | Robbie Fradd | Patrick Shaw | Jose L. Glaser | 1:35.5 |
| **2008** | Top Spin | Noel Callow | Laurie Laxon | Lim's Stable | 1:35.7 |
| **2009** | Waikato | John Powell | Laurie Laxon | Silver Fern Racing Stable | 1:33.8 |
| **2010** | Better Than Ever | Saimee Jumaat | Laurie Laxon | Jupiter Stable | 1:35.1 |
| **2011** | Better Than Ever | Saimee Jumaat | Laurie Laxon | Jupiter Stable | 1:35.6 |
| **2012** | Better Life | Alan Munro | Hideyuki Takaoka | Suzuka Racing Stable | 1:35.96 |
| **2013** | Cash Luck | Danny Beasley | David Kok | Northwest Racing Stable | 1:34.47 |
| **2014** | War Affair | Danny Beasley | Alvin Tan | Warplan Racing Stable | 1:33.72 |
| **2015** | Stepitup | Michael Rodd | Laurie Laxon | Tivic Stable | 1:34.59 |
| **2016** | Debt Collector | Michael Rodd | Cliff Brown | Barree Stable | 1:34.43 |
| **2017** | Infantry | Manoel Nunes | Alvin Tan | Kajorn Petch Racing No 2 Stable | 1:35.80 |
| **2018** | Southern Legend | Zac Purton | Caspar Fownes | Boniface Ho Ka Kui | 1:33.79 |
| **2019** | Southern Legend | Zac Purton | Caspar Fownes | Boniface Ho Ka Kui | 1:33.61 |
| **2020** | Aramaayo | Ruan Maia | Shane Baertschiger | Aramco Stable | 1:33.85 |
| **2021** | Minister | A'Isisuhairi Kasim | Donna Logan | King Power Stable | 1:34.38 |
| **2022** | Lim's Lightning | Wong Chin Chuen | Daniel Meagher | Lim's Stable | 1:33.25 |
| **2023** | Lim's Kosciuszko | Wong Chin Chuen | Daniel Meagher | Lim's Stable | 1:32.81 |
| **2024** | Lim's Kosciuszko | Marc Lerner | Daniel Meagher | Lim's Stable | 1:34.21 |
|

## InfoBox

Kranji Mile
| Group 1 race | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Singapore Turf Club
Singapore |
| Inaugurated | 2000 |
| Race type | Thoroughbred \- Flat racing |
| Website | Singapore Turf Club |
| Race information | |
| Distance | 1600 metres (8 furlongs) |
| Surface | Turf |
| Track | Left-handed |
| Qualification | Three-years-old & up |
| Weight | Weight-for-age
Fillies & Mares: 1.5 kg allowance |
| Purse | S$1,000,000 |


title: Septulina

abstract: Septulina is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Loranthaceae. Its native range is Southern Namibia to South African Republic.

text:
# Septulina

***Septulina*** is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Loranthaceae.

Its native range is Southern Namibia to South African Republic.

## Species

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Septulina* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Santalales |
| Family: | Loranthaceae |
| Genus: | *Septulina*<br>Tiegh. |
|


title: John H. Couch (side-wheeler)

abstract: John H. Couch was a side-wheel driven steamboat that operated on the Columbia and lower Willamette rivers from 1863 to 1873. Informally the vessel was known as the Couch.

text:
# John H. Couch (side-wheeler)

***John H. Couch*** was a side-wheel driven steamboat that operated on the Columbia and lower Willamette rivers from 1863 to 1873. Informally the vessel was known as the *Couch*.

## Construction

*John H. Couch* was built at Westport, Oregon in 1863. The boat was named after a prominent seaman, John H. Couch, who was also Oregon’s first inspector of hulls. The boat was built by Capt. Charles Holman, D. Huntington, and Capt. Oliff Olsen. Holman owned one-half of the boat, with the others holding a one-third and a one-sixth share, respectively.

The shipbuilder was John Bruce, of Astoria.

## Design, dimensions, and engineering

*John H. Couch* was a side-wheel driven vessel. It was built to run from Portland to Astoria, Oregon. The official merchant vessel registry number was 13622.

*John H. Couch* was 122 ft (37.2 m) long, with a beam of 21 ft (6.4 m), exclusive of the guards and the paddle-wheel housings. Gross tonnage was 255.24 tons. The engines had cylinders with an inside bore of 14 and three-eighths inches with a stroke of 54 inches.

## Operations

*John H. Couch* operated for a time in opposition to the dominant steamboat concern on the river, the Oregon Steam Navigation Company. O.S.N was running the steamer *Julia* against the Couch on the Astoria route.

In January 1865, O.S.N. bought the *Couch*, as well as the steamers *Cowlitz* (ex *Swan*) and *Belle*, which were also owned by Holman, Huntington, and Olsen. Once O.S.N. had the *Couch*, it withdrew *Julia* from the Astoria route.

O.S.N. kept the *Couch* on the Astoria run under Capt. J.O. Van Bergen, as master, with Richard Hoyt, Jr. as purser. During summer, the boat was sometimes engaged in excursion business. Van Bergen was succeed in command by Capt. Henry A. Snow, who remained in charge until 1870.

In November 1866, the *Couch* had a contract to carry the U.S. mail from Portland to Astoria. Captain Snow was then in command. *Couch* left Portland for Astoria and way landings at 6:00 a.m. on Mondays and Fridays of each week. Returning, *Couch* departed Astoria on Tuesdays and Saturdays at 6:00 a.m.

Captain Grenville Reed was also reported to have been in command of the *John H. Couch* for five years.

## Disposition

By 1870, *Couch* was no longer fit to carry passengers and was retired from service. In January 1873, *Couch* was dismantled, with the boat’s engines being salvaged and sent to the upper Columbia, to be installed on another steamer.

### Printed sources

### On-line newspaper collections

## InfoBox

| Steamer *John H. Couch* sometime between 1863 and 1870. | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Route | Willamette and Columbia rivers |
| Builder | John Bruce |
| Identification | U.S. # 13622 |
| Fate | Dismantled |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | riverine all-purpose |
| Tonnage | 255.24 gross register tons |
| Length | 122 ft (37.2 m) |
| Beam | 21 ft (6.4 m) over hull (exclusive of guards). |
| Installed power | steam engines, with bore of 14.375 in (365.1 mm) and stroke of 54 ft (16.46 m). |
| Propulsion | side-wheels |


title: Camp Ramah in the Berkshires

abstract: Camp Ramah in the Berkshires, near Wingdale, New York, is one of nine overnight summer camps and three day camps affiliated with the Conservative Movement of Judaism and the National Ramah Commission. It is accredited by the American Camp Association. The camp sits on 299-acre (1.21 km⁲) site in Dutchess County, New York, about 30 miles (48 km) southwest of the Massachusetts border and the Berkshire Mountains, on Lake Ellis.

text:
# Camp Ramah in the Berkshires

**Camp Ramah in the Berkshires**, near Wingdale, New York, is one of nine overnight summer camps and three day camps affiliated with the Conservative Movement of Judaism and the National Ramah Commission. It is accredited by the American Camp Association. The camp sits on 299-acre (1.21 km2) site in Dutchess County, New York, about 30 miles (48 km) southwest of the Massachusetts border and the Berkshire Mountains, on Lake Ellis.

## Religious orientation

Camp Ramah is a religiously oriented camp that observes the laws of Shabbat and kashrut. Hebrew is widely used in all facets of camp life, from the names for buildings, physical infrastructure, and services, to camp activities and programs. Campers attend daily religious prayer services. On Mondays, Thursdays, and Saturdays the campers execute the traditional Torah service. Campers also attend classes or programs that the camp has set up to structure their Jewish background.

Counselors and alumni describe their summers at Ramah as one of the most formative experiences of their childhoods and a primary influence on their Jewish identity.

## Administration

From 2003 until 2017, the camp director was Rabbi Paul Resnick. Rabbi Jerome (Jerry) Abrams was the founder of the camp in 1964. He is now director emeritus. Rabbi David Mogilner, Rabbi Sheldon (Shelley) Dorph, David August, and Rabbi Burton Cohen were directors in late 1960 and 1970s.

## Special programs

The camp annually holds a Labor Day weekend for alumni of the camp who are 22 years old and over.

## Divisions

Campers are divided by age groups, called *Edot* in Hebrew:

* *Cochavim* ("Stars"), entering 4th grade
* *Nitzanim* ("Flower Buds"), entering 5th grade
* *Shorashim* ("Roots"), entering 6th grade
* *Tzeirim* ("Youths"), entering 7th grade
* *Solelim* ("Pavers"), entering 8th grade
* *Bogrim* ("Graduates"), entering 9th grade
* *Machon* ("Institute") entering 10th grade
* *Gesher* ("Bridge"), entering 11th grade

## InfoBox

Camp Ramah in the Berkshires
| Founded | 1964 (1964) |
| --- | --- |
| Founder | Rabbi Jerome (Jerry) Abrams |
| Tax ID no. | 13-1997276 |
| Legal status | 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization |
| Purpose | To provide camping, education, and boarding for campers under a religious structure. |
| Location |  |
| Director | Rabbi Eytan Kenter |
| Board President | Atara Jacobson |
| Affiliations | National Ramah Commission,
Jewish Theological Seminary of America,
Conservative Movement Judaism |
| Revenue (2013) | $5,719,049 |
| Expenses (2013) | $5,176,329 |
| Staff (2012) | 394 |
| Website | www.ramahberkshires.org |


title: Ernest Harvey (footballer)

abstract: Ernest Alfred Harvey was an English professional footballer who played as a right back in the Football League for Glossop.

text:
# Ernest Harvey (footballer)

**Ernest Alfred Harvey** was an English professional footballer who played as a right back in the Football League for Glossop.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | FA Cup | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| New Brompton | 1906–07 | Southern League First Division | 34 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 38 | 0 |
| | 1907–08 | | 29 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 33 | 1 |
| Career total | | | 63 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 71 | 1 |

## InfoBox

Ernest Harvey
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Ernest Alfred Harvey | | |
| Date of birth | 1883 | | |
| Place of birth | Chesterfield, England | | |
| Position(s) | Right back | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1906–1908 | New Brompton | 63 | (1) |
| 1908 | Glossop | 5 | (0) |
|  | Hyde |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Credit Valley Conservation

abstract: Credit Valley Conservation (CVC) is one of 36 conservation authorities in Ontario, Canada, responsible for protecting, restoring, and managing natural resources at the watershed level. CVC operates within the Credit River watershed and smaller adjacent watersheds that drain directly into Lake Ontario, as well as along a section of the Lake Ontario shoreline. Together, these areas make up CVC's jurisdiction. CVC is a member of Conservation Ontario. CVC works in partnership with municipal governments, schools, businesses, and community organizations to deliver locally based environmental programs. CVC receives its funding from municipal sources, as well as grants and donations made to the Credit Valley Conservation Foundation, self-generated user fees, and other service fees. CVC was founded in 1954 when much of the Credit River watershed was used for rural agriculture and pasture. Since then, there has been rapid urban development within the southern portion of the Credit River watershed, within the Cities of Mississauga and Brampton.

text:
# Credit Valley Conservation

**Credit Valley Conservation** (**CVC**) is one of 36 conservation authorities in Ontario, Canada, responsible for protecting, restoring, and managing natural resources at the watershed level. CVC operates within the Credit River watershed and smaller adjacent watersheds that drain directly into Lake Ontario, as well as along a section of the Lake Ontario shoreline. Together, these areas make up CVC's jurisdiction. CVC is a member of Conservation Ontario.

CVC works in partnership with municipal governments, schools, businesses, and community organizations to deliver locally based environmental programs.

CVC receives its funding from municipal sources, as well as grants and donations made to the Credit Valley Conservation Foundation, self-generated user fees, and other service fees. CVC was founded in 1954 when much of the Credit River watershed was used for rural agriculture and pasture. Since then, there has been rapid urban development within the southern portion of the Credit River watershed, within the Cities of Mississauga and Brampton.

## Conservation Areas

Credit Valley Conservation operates 11 conservation areas and other protected territories:

## Activities

CVC is actively engaged in water management. The average daily flow of the Credit River is 690,000 cubic metres, 65% of which comes from groundwater. An estimated 750,000 residents in the Credit River Watershed, 87% of whom live in the lower third of the watershed, in present-day Mississauga and Brampton. In 1999, 21% of the watershed was developed, and by 2020, 40% of the watershed will be developed (based on approved development and the official plans of the municipalities).

## InfoBox

Credit Valley Conservation
|
|  |
| Founded | May 13, 1954 |
| Type | Conservation authority |
| Focus | Habitat conservation, water conservation, wildlife management |
| Location |  |
| Area served | Credit River Watershed, including parts of Peel Region, Halton Region, Wellington County and Dufferin County |
| Key people | Deborah Martin-Downs, CAO <br>Karen Ras, Chair |
| Website | www.cvc.ca |


title: Brian Lionel Impellizzeri

abstract: Brian Lionel Impellizzeri is an Argentine Paralympic athlete who competes in the T37 category. He represented Argentina at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

text:
# Brian Lionel Impellizzeri

**Brian Lionel Impellizzeri** (born 30 July 1998) is an Argentine Paralympic athlete who competes in the T37 category. He represented Argentina at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

## Career

Impellizzeri represented Argentina in the long jump T37 event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics and won a silver medal.

Impellizzeri won the gold medal in the men's long jump T37 event at the 2023 World Para Athletics Championships held in Paris, France.

## InfoBox

Brian Lionel Impellizzeri
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Argentinian |
| Born | (1998-07-30) 30 July 1998<br>Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Paralympic athletics |
| Disability | Cerebral palsy |
| Disability class | T37 |
| Coached by | Martin Arroyo |
| Medal record      Paralympic athletics  Representing  Argentina  Paralympic Games  2024 Paris Long jump T37  2020 Tokyo Long jump T37  World Championships   2023 Paris Long jump T37  Parapan American Games  2023 Santiago Long jump T37/38 | |


title: Sarasota County Sheriff's Office

abstract: Sarasota County Sheriff's Office (SCSO) is the primary law enforcement agency for Sarasota County, Florida. The agency is responsible for law enforcement services in unincorporated areas of Sarasota County, jail facilities, and courthouse security for Florida's 12th Judicial Circuit. SSO also operates Public Safety Communications (PSC), the county's primary 911 center.

text:
# Sarasota County Sheriff's Office

**Sarasota County Sheriff's Office** (**SCSO**) is the primary law enforcement agency for Sarasota County, Florida. The agency is responsible for law enforcement services in unincorporated areas of Sarasota County, jail facilities, and courthouse security for Florida's 12th Judicial Circuit. SSO also operates Public Safety Communications (PSC), the county's primary 911 center.

## History

### Founding

The sheriff's office was established in 1921 under the separation of Sarasota County from the southern portion of Manatee County. Florida Governor Cary A. Hardee appointed Burna Dale "Heinie" Levi as the first sheriff of Sarasota County that year on July 1, 1921. On August 22, 1921, Sarasota city marshal L.D. Hodges became the agency's first deputy. Hodges would later become elected as sheriff in 1922 as Levi decided not to run in the general election that year. He would begin his tenure in December 1922.

### 1900's

A sheriff's deputy would be arrested under charges of having assaulted an African American man named Robert Walthau with his gun and baton on October 23, 1926. The deputy said he had asked Walthau if he was working, and offered him a job unloading some trucks. Walthau allegedly sait that this was none of his business to which deputy allegedly responded to this by saying that he should treat him with more respect because he was white. Mayor Bacon of Sarasota would have no comment when asked by a reporter from the Sarasota Herald but Sheriff Hodges would respond by saying that an investigation would be done and would suspend the deputy if necessary. Between October 18-23, 1926 the Bob Morton Circus would help the Ku Klux Klan hold an event in Sarasota and it is possible that the deputy was encouraged by this.

Sheriff Hodges would lose in the Democratic primary on June 5, 1928, to W. Albert Keen. Keen would begin his tenure on January 8, 1929. Three months into his tenure he would get shot along with Special Deputy Walter Whitted while doing a gambling raid in Laurel. Both of them would go to Sarasota Memorial Hospital and Keen ended up getting an amputation on his right leg.

He would resume his duties as sheriff in June 1929 and he would continue to serve until he lost a run-off election to Clem Pearson, a former Sarasota Police Department officer. Pearson was sworn in on January 3, 1933.

Pearson would serve until retiring in May 1939 for health reasons with his son B. Douglas "Doug" Pearson who had previously been a deputy for one year took over. He would continue to serve for another 13 years before leaving office in January 1953 when he was defeated by Ross Boyer. Boyer had previously served with the Florida Highway Patrol and had run unsuccessfully for sheriff in 1948. During Boyer's time in office he would dramatically expand and modernize the Sheriff's Department. He would also help with creating the Florida Boys Ranch in 1958 and became the president of the National Sheriffs Association in 1969. Boyer would win reelection election four times as a Democrat, despite Sarasota County becoming strongly Republican. He would end up retiring in 1972 for health related reasons.

## List of Sheriffs

* Burna D. Levi (July 1, 1921 – December 1922)
* L.D. Hodges (December 1922 – January 8, 1929)
* W. Albert Keen (January 8, 1929 – January 3, 1933)
* Clem Pearson (January 3, 1933 – May 1939)
* B. Douglas "Doug" Pearson (May 1939 – June 1953)
* Ross E. Boyer (January 6, 1953 – January 1973)
* Jim Hardcastle (January 2, 1973 – January 8, 1985)
* Geoffrey Monge (January 8, 1985 – January 2001)
* William Balkwil (January 2001 – January 9, 2009)
* Thomas M. Knight (January 9, 2009 – January 9, 2021)
* Kurt A. Hoffman (January 9, 2021-Present)

## Divisions

### Law enforcement

#### Patrol bureau

Deputies in the patrol bureau provide round-the-clock patrol services and answers calls for service in their jurisdiction, which is unincorporated Sarasota County.

#### Special Operations bureau

The Special Operations division assists the patrol bureau in providing specialized law enforcement services to the county. Divisions within this bureau include:

* Agricultural Unit
* Animal Services Unit
* Aviation Unit
* Emergency Response Team (ERT)
* Fugitive Apprehension Unit
* Hazardous Devices Unit
* K-9 Unit
* Marine Unit
* Mounted Patrol Unit
* Sheriff's Underwater Recovery Force (SURF)
* Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) Unit
* Traffic Unit
* Youth Services

#### Investigative bureau

The Investigate Bureau employs detectives along with civilian crime analysts. Divisions within the bureau include:

#### Specialized units

Deputies may also be assigned to specialized units in addition to their regular duties. These units include:

* Bomb Unit
* Crisis Negotiation Team
* Emergency Response Team
* Mounted Patrol
* Sheriff's Underwater Recovery Force (SURF)
* SWAT Unit

### Courts

The agency is responsible for providing court security for all Courthouses and Courtrooms in Sarasota County.

There are two courts in Sarasota County - a courthouse in Venice, as well as the main courthouse in downtown Sarasota. Bailiffs also provided security at the Clerk of Courts building as well as at the Sheriff's Office main headquarters at 2071 Ringling Blvd.

There are several units in the Bailiffs section, to include Security (for the building), Transport and Courtroom security.

### Corrections

The agency is responsible for staffing and maintaining the Sarasota County Jail.

Corrections Deputies are charged with the care, custody & control of inmates in the County facility.

The current jail is located in downtown Sarasota and consists of three interconnected jails. The current inmate census is about 950 inmates.

### 911 Center

The Sheriff's Office operates Public Safety Communications (PSC), the county's primary 911 center. In addition to dispatching for the Sheriff's Office, it provides law enforcement dispatch to the Sarasota and Venice Police Departments and fire/medical dispatch for the Sarasota County Fire Department, Nokomis Fire Department, Venice Fire Department, North Port Fire Department, and Englewood Fire Department.

## Ranks

| Title | Insignia |
| --- | --- |
| Sheriff |  |
| Colonel |  |
| Major |  |
| Captain |  |
| Lieutenant |  |
| Sergeant |  |
| Deputy |  |
|

## Vehicle fleet

As of October 2014, the agency was using police vehicles manufactured by General Motors' Chevrolet brand. The department's patrol fleet primarily consisted of the Chevrolet Impala, Chevrolet Caprice PPV, and Chevrolet Tahoe. As of January 2022, the fleet included undercover cars ranging from Ford Mustang, Toyota Camry, Chevrolet Silverado, Ford F-150 & F-250.

## Lawsuits

The sheriff's office has been the subject of numerous lawsuits from both civilians and employees. A 2014 civil rights lawsuit, in the June 2012 police shooting death of Rodney Mitchell, alleged that Sheriff Knight's law enforcement policies were unconstitutional.

### Employee retaliation suits

Sergeant Chris Iorio sued the sheriff's office in 2013, claiming that Sheriff Knight retaliated against him for reporting Captain Ron Locke to the Florida Department of Law Enforcement after hearing reports that Locke may have molested an underage girl during the mid-1990s. No charges were filed against Locke.

Captain Richard Mottola, who supervised Iorio, filed a lawsuit in 2014 alleging that Sheriff Knight retaliated against Mottola for failing to punish Iorio.

## InfoBox

| Sarasota County Sheriff's Office | |
| --- | --- |
| Logo and badge of the Sarasota Sheriff's Office. | |
| Common name | Sarasota Sheriff's Office |
| Abbreviation | SCSO |
| Agency overview | |
| Formed | May 14, 1921 |
| Annual budget | $111,343,435 (2018) |
| Jurisdictional structure | |
| Operations jurisdiction | Sarasota, Florida, US |
|  | |
| Map of Sarasota County Sheriff's Office's jurisdiction | |
| General nature |  |
| Operational structure | |
| Headquarters | Sarasota, Florida |
| Agency executive |  |
| Facilities | |
| Helicopters | 2 |
| Website | |
| Sarasota County Sheriff's Office | |


title: Podolí (Vsetín District)

abstract: Podolí is a municipality and village in Vsetín District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.

text:
# Podolí (Vsetín District)

**Podolí** is a municipality and village in Vsetín District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.

## Geography

Podolí is located about 14 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Vsetín and 26 km (16 mi) northeast of Zlín. It lies in the Hostýn-Vsetín Mountains. The highest point is the Kříbec mountain at 659 m (2,162 ft) above sea level.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 334 |  |
| 1880 | 387 | +15.9% |
| 1890 | 383 | −1.0% |
| 1900 | 357 | −6.8% |
| 1910 | 352 | −1.4% |
| 1921 | 348 | −1.1% |
| 1930 | 335 | −3.7% |
| 1950 | 309 | −7.8% |
| 1961 | 329 | +6.5% |
| 1970 | 271 | −17.6% |
| 1980 | 237 | −12.5% |
| 1991 | 214 | −9.7% |
| 2001 | 218 | +1.9% |
| 2011 | 226 | +3.7% |
| 2021 | 252 | +11.5% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Podolí | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Wooden belfry | |
|  | |
| PodolíLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 49°25′49″N 17°51′26″E / 49.43028°N 17.85722°E / 49.43028; 17.85722 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Zlín |
| District | Vsetín |
| First mentioned | 1370 |
| Area | |
| Total | 5.75 km2 (2.22 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 440 m (1,440 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 275 |
| Density | 48/km2 (120/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 756 44 |
| Website | www.obecpodoli.info |


title: Darussalam (actor)

abstract: Darussalam was an Indonesian actor who appeared in more than seventy films in his forty-year career. Born in Bengkulu, he studied to be nurse before migrating to theatre during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, marrying Netty Herawaty while with the troupe Irama Masa. The couple spent the remainder of the occupation and the ensuing revolution touring the archipelago with a number of troupes. In 1949, Darussalam and Herawaty made their feature film debut in Fred Young's Saputangan, appearing in seven further Young productions before migrating to Djamaluddin Malik's Persari. During their eight years with the company, Darussalam and Herawaty travelled to the Philippines and Singapore and found popularity among audiences, though Darussalam remained in his wife's shadow. Following the closure of Persari in 1958, Darussalam returned to theatre, establishing a troupe named after Herawaty. He only returned to the film in the 1970s, appearing in more than thirty films between 1971 and 1988. He also starred in two television serials, Senyum Jakarta (1972–1980) and Keluarga Pak Darus (1982–1988). For his role in Kodrat (1986), Darussalam received the Citra Award for Best Supporting Actor; he was nominated for another one the following year for Ayahku.

text:
# Darussalam (actor)

**Darussalam** (12 September 1920 – 26 April 1993) was an Indonesian actor who appeared in more than seventy films in his forty-year career. Born in Bengkulu, he studied to be nurse before migrating to theatre during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, marrying Netty Herawaty while with the troupe Irama Masa. The couple spent the remainder of the occupation and the ensuing revolution touring the archipelago with a number of troupes. In 1949, Darussalam and Herawaty made their feature film debut in Fred Young's *Saputangan*, appearing in seven further Young productions before migrating to Djamaluddin Malik's Persari. During their eight years with the company, Darussalam and Herawaty travelled to the Philippines and Singapore and found popularity among audiences, though Darussalam remained in his wife's shadow.

Following the closure of Persari in 1958, Darussalam returned to theatre, establishing a troupe named after Herawaty. He only returned to the film in the 1970s, appearing in more than thirty films between 1971 and 1988. He also starred in two television serials, *Senyum Jakarta* (1972–1980) and *Keluarga Pak Darus* (1982–1988). For his role in *Kodrat* (1986), Darussalam received the Citra Award for Best Supporting Actor; he was nominated for another one the following year for *Ayahku*.

## Early life

Darussalam was born in Bengkulu, a city in Sumatra, Dutch East Indies, on 12 September 1920. He completed his elementary studies at a Dutch-run school for native Indonesians before continuing on to a MULO (junior-high school). Though he dropped out in his second year, Darussalam was able to become a nurse. After two years in the profession, in 1938 he left for the colonial capital of Batavia, where he completed four years of nursing studies at the Centrale Burgerlijke Ziekeninrichting (now Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital).

Following the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Darussalam became a teacher. He also entered the theatre, at first with Irama Masa, a theatrical company established by occupation government. While with this group he met Netty Herawaty, an actress with the company ten years his junior. The two were soon married; according to an interview with *Kentjana* magazine, they fell in love while on a boat bringing Irama Masa back from Makassar. By 1953 the couple had one child, a daughter named Rustiany.

In 1945, shortly following the proclamation of Indonesian independence, Darussalam established his own troupe, Trimurti, together with Herawaty. The troupe toured Java during the Indonesian National Revolution and supported the Indonesians fighting against the returning Dutch colonial forces. The company had collapsed by 1947, however, and Darussalam and Herawaty joined Djamaluddin Malik's Bintang Timur. By 1949 they were working with Fred Young's Bintang Soerabaja.

## Bintang Surabaja and Persari

Young, who had owned the film production company Majestic Pictures before the war, returned to the cinema in 1949. He established the Bintang Surabaja Film Corporation and adapted several of his troupe's stage plays into film. Darussalam and Herawaty made their feature film debut in Young's *Saputangan* (1949), based on the stage play of the same name. The couple stayed with Bintang Surabaja for two years, appearing in seven further films for the company, including *Bintang Surabaja 1951* (1950), *Djembatan Merah* (1950), and *Selamat Berdjuang, Masku!* (1951).

In this time, Malik had established his own film company, Persari. Darussalam and Herawaty had migrated there by 1951, establishing themselves with roles in such films as *Sepandjang Malioboro* (1951) and *Bakti Bahagia* (1951). In 1952, Darussalam was among the Persari actors and crew sent to the Philippines to study film. During their nearly two years in the country, the group made two Ansco Colour films in collaboration with LVN Studio. The first of these, the Indonesian version of *Rodrigo de Villa* (1952), featured Herawaty as the film's female lead, opposite Rd Mochtar; Darussalam was given a supporting role.

Upon the group's return to Indonesia, Darussalam appeared in such Persari films as *Gara-gara Hadiah* (1953) and *Air Pasang* (1954). By 1954 he was considered part of the company's "Big Four", together with Herawaty, Titien Sumarni and Rd Mochtar, though the Indonesian film historian Misbach Yusa Biran writes that he remained in Herawaty's shadow. In mid-1954 Darussalam and Herawaty were sent to Singapore to build connections between Persari and Keris Film Productions; they ultimately produced three films while there.

## Later life and career

In mid-1957, Malik was accused of corruption and placed under house arrest. The following year Persari was closed and its staff dispersed. Darussalam thus returned to theatre with Herawaty. In 1958 he established his own troupe, the Herawaty National Theatre, with Herawaty as the troupe's star. Aside from one performance, in 1960's *Ibu Mertua*, Darussalam remained off the screen until being cast in *Malin Kundang* (1971), a film produced by Malik's widow Elly Yunara. Over the following decade Darussalam appeared in over a dozen films, including *Jembatan Merah* (1973), *Surat Undangan* (1975), and *Pembalasan Si Pitung*. Together with Herawaty, as well as actors such as Fifi Young and Tan Tjeng Bok, he starred in the television serial *Senyum Jakarta*. The show lasted from 1972 to 1980.

Darussalam remained active on television for much of the 1980s, headlining the serial *Keluarga Pak Darus* (1982–1988). He also appeared in more than twenty films, including *Titian Serambut Dibelah Tujuh* (1982), *Pengantin Pantai Biru* (1983), and several Warkop films. For his role in *Kodrat*, Darussalam received the Citra Award for Best Supporting Actor. Herawaty died in 1989, the same year that Darussalam received the Surjosoemanto Award from the National Film Council. Darussalam died four years later, on 26 April 1993.

## Awards

Darussalam won a Citra Award for Best Supporting Actor at the 1987 Indonesian Film Festival for his performance as Mustakim in *Kodrat*. The following year, he was nominated for another Citra Award for Best Supporting Actor for his acting in *Ayahku*, but lost to Didi Petet (*Cinta Anak Jaman*).

| Award | Year | Category | Film | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Indonesian Film Festival | 1987 | Best Supporting Actor | *Kodrat* | Won |
| | 1988 | Best Supporting Actor | *Ayahku* | Nominated |

## Filmography

In his nearly forty-year career, Darussalam appeared in some seventy-seven films.

* *Saputangan* (1949)
* *Bintang Surabaja 1951* (1950)
* *Damarwulan* (1950)
* *Djembatan Merah* (1950)
* *Harumanis* (1950)
* *Ratapan Ibu* (1950)
* *Bakti Bahagia* (1951)
* *Main-Main Djadi Sungguhan* (1951)
* *Sepandjang Malioboro* (1951)
* *Surjani Mulia* (1951)
* *Terbelenggu* (1951)
* *Selamat Berdjuang, Masku!* (1951)
* *Rodrigo de Villa* (1952)
* *Ajah Kikir* (1953)
* *Gara-gara Hadiah* (1953)
* *Air Pasang* (1954)
* *Irama Kasih* (1954)
* *Saudaraku* (1955)
* *Duka Nestapa* (1955)
* *Djandjiku* (1956)
* *Harta Angker* (1956)
* *Pemetjahan Poligami* (1956)
* *Buruh Bengkel* (1956)
* *Tudjuan* (1956)
* *Konsepsi Ajah* (1957)
* *Sendja Indah* (1957)
* *Ibu Mertua* (1960)
* *Malin Kundang* (1971)
* *Mawar Rimba* (1972)
* *Bila Cinta Bersemi* (1972)
* *Sisa-sisa Laskar Pajang* (1972)
* *Jembatan Merah* (1973)
* *Ratapan Anak Tiri* (1973)
* *Mencari Ayah* (1974)
* *Surat Undangan* (1975)
* *Sebelum Usia 17* (1975)
* *Ranjang Siang Ranjang Malam* (1976)
* *Wajah Tiga Perempuan* (1976)
* *Badai Pasti Berlalu* (1977)
* *Cinta Bersemi* (1977)
* *Darah Daging* (1977)
* *Santara Menumpas Perdagangan Sex* (1977)
* *Kemelut Hidup* (1977)
* *Pembalasan si Pitung (Jiih)* (1977)
* *Letnan Harahap* (1977)
* *Cinta Putih (Bidan Aminah)* (1977)
* *Istri Dulu Istri Sekarang* (1978)
* *Napas Perempuan* (1978)
* *Sayang Sayangku Sayang* (1978)
* *Kisah Cinta Tommi dan Jerri* (1980)
* *Fajar yang Kelabu* (1981)
* *Si Pitung Beraksi Kembali* (1981)
* *Aduh Aduh Mana Tahan* (1980)
* *Detik-detik Cinta Menyentuh* (1981)
* *Apa Ini Apa Itu* (1981)
* *Enak Benar Jadi Jutawan* (1982)
* *Gadis Bionik* (1982)
* *Serbuan Halilintar* (1982)
* *Perkawinan 83* (1982)
* *Pengantin Remaja II* (1982)
* *Titian Serambut Dibelah Tujuh* (1982)
* *Pengantin Pantai Biru* (1983)
* *Dilihat Boleh Dipegang Jangan* (1983)
* *Sorga Dunia di Pintu Neraka* (1983)
* *Pokoknya Beres* (1983)
* *Bergola Ijo* (1983)
* *Tinggal Landas Buat Kekasih* (1984)
* *Pelangi di Balik Awan* (1984)
* *Untukmu Kuserahkan Segalanya* (1984)
* *Kejarlah Daku Kau Kutangkap* (1985)
* *Tak Ingin Sendiri* (1985)
* *Tak Seindah Kasih Mama* (1986)
* *Takdir Marina* (1986)
* *Kodrat* (1986)
* *Ayahku* (1987)
* *Istana Kecantikan* (1988)
* *Omong Besar* (1988)

## Works cited

* *Apa Siapa Orang Film Indonesia* \[*What and Who: Film Figures in Indonesia*\] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Indonesian Ministry of Information. 1999. OCLC 44427179.
* Biran, Misbach Yusa, ed. (1979). *Apa Siapa Orang Film Indonesia 1926–1978* \[*What and Who: Film Figures in Indonesia, 1926–1978*\]. Jakarta: Sinematek Indonesia. OCLC 6655859.
* Biran, Misbach Yusa (2009a). *Sejarah Film 1900–1950: Bikin Film di Jawa* \[*History of Film 1900–1950: Making Films in Java*\] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Komunitas Bamboo working with the Jakarta Art Council. ISBN 978-979-3731-58-2.
* Biran, Misbach Yusa (2009b). *Peran Pemuda dalam Kebangkitan Film Indonesia* \[*The Role of the Youth in the Development of the Indonesian Film Industry*\] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Ministry of Youth and Sports. OCLC 607257806.
* "Darussalam – Filmografi" \[Darussalam – Filmography\]. *filmindonesia.or.id* (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Konfiden Foundation. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 10 May 2016.
* "Darussalam – Penghargaan" \[Darussalam – Awards\]. *filmindonesia.or.id* (in Indonesian). Konfiden Foundation. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
* Kristanto, JB, ed. (2007). *Katalog Film Indonesia 1926– 2007*. Jakarta: Nalar. ISBN 978-979-26-9006-4.
* "Netty Herawaty, Kehidupannja Sehari-Hari" \[Netty Herawaty, Her Day-to-Day Life\]. *Kentjana* (in Indonesian). **1** (1). Jakarta: 4–5. August 1953.
* "Malin Kundang – Kredit Lengkap" \[Malin Kundang – Full Credits\]. *filmindonesia.or.id* (in Indonesian). Konfiden Foundation. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
* "Varia–Djakartawood". *Film Varia* (in Indonesian). **1** (4). Jakarta: 22–23. March 1954a.
* "Varia–Djakartawood". *Film Varia* (in Indonesian). **1** (6). Jakarta: 16–17. May 1954b.
* Yayasan Untuk Indonesia, ed. (2005). "Netty Herawaty". *Ensiklopedi Jakarta* (in Indonesian). Vol. 2. Jakarta: Department of Culture and Museums, Provincial Government of the Jakarta Capital Region. pp. 353–352. ISBN 978-979-8682-51-3.

## InfoBox

| Darussalam | |
| --- | --- |
| Darussalam, 1954 | |
| Born | (1920-09-12)12 September 1920
Bengkulu, Dutch East Indies |
| Died | 26 April 1993(1993-04-26) (aged 72)
Jakarta, Indonesia |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Spouse | Netty Herawaty  (m. 1943; died 1989) |
| Relatives | Miss Riboet Muda (mother-in-law) |
| Awards | 1 Citra Award |


title: Geothermal energy in Taiwan

abstract: Geothermal energy in Taiwan is estimated to have a generation potential of up to 30,000 MW.

text:
# Geothermal energy in Taiwan

**Geothermal energy in Taiwan** is estimated to have a generation potential of up to 30,000 MW.

## History

Exploration of geothermal wells in Taiwan began in 1976 by CPC Corporation. Since then, there have been 34 wells drilled.

## Geology

There are estimated several areas with highest potential for geothermal energy cultivation, which are Huadong Valley, Mount Lu, Tatun Volcanic Group and Yilan Plain.

## Power generation

Taiwan established its first geothermal power plant in 1981. However, the plant was shut down in 1993 due to low efficiency. The currently working geothermal power plant is the Qingshui Geothermal Power Plant in Datong Township, Yilan County.


title: Septum (cephalopod)

abstract: Septa are thin walls or partitions between the internal chambers (camerae) of the shell of a cephalopod, namely nautiloids or ammonoids. As the creature grows, its body moves forward in the shell to a new living chamber, secreting septa behind it. This adds new chambers to the shell, which can be clearly seen in cross-sections of the shell of the living nautilus, or in ammonoid and nautiloid fossils. The septa are attached to the inside wall of the shell, thus dividing the phragmocone into camerae. Where the septum meets the shell a suture line forms; in some ammonoids these lines became extremely complex and elaborate, providing strength without the necessity of added weight. Elaborate sutures allowed for thinner shells, and hence less time needed for shell growth and less time spent in the vulnerable juvenile stage. The nature and structure of the septa, as with the camerae, and siphuncle, and the presence or absence of deposits, are important in classification of nautiloids. In some nautiloids, such as the Orthoceratidae, the septa tend to be widely spaced, resulting in large, long camarae. In others such as the Ellesmerocerida, Oncocerida and Discosorida the septa are crowded closely together. In some straight-shelled forms like Actinoceras, calcium carbonate deposits extend from the camera to the septa. It is possible to calculate the strength of cephalopod septa on the basis of their thickness and curvature, and from this the shell's implosion depth can be estimated. This has in turn been used to estimate maximum depth ranges for many living and extinct cephalopod groups, on the assumption that these animals would not normally venture deeper than two-thirds of their shell's implosion depth. Ordered by increasing depth, these estimated maximum depth ranges are: Discosorida (<100 m); Oncocerida and Tarphycerida (<150 m); Actinoceroidea (50–150 m); Ellesmerocerida (50–200 m); Belemnitida; Bactritoidea; Endoceroidea (100–450 m); Orthocerida (150–500 m); Nautilida (200–600 m); Aulacocerida (200–900 m); and Sepiida (200–1000 m).

text:
# Septum (cephalopod)

**Septa** (singular **septum**) are thin walls or partitions between the internal chambers (camerae) of the shell of a cephalopod, namely nautiloids or ammonoids.

As the creature grows, its body moves forward in the shell to a new living chamber, secreting septa behind it. This adds new chambers to the shell, which can be clearly seen in cross-sections of the shell of the living nautilus, or in ammonoid and nautiloid fossils. The septa are attached to the inside wall of the shell, thus dividing the phragmocone into camerae.

Where the septum meets the shell a suture line forms; in some ammonoids these lines became extremely complex and elaborate, providing strength without the necessity of added weight. Elaborate sutures allowed for thinner shells, and hence less time needed for shell growth and less time spent in the vulnerable juvenile stage.

The nature and structure of the septa, as with the camerae, and siphuncle, and the presence or absence of deposits, are important in classification of nautiloids. In some nautiloids, such as the Orthoceratidae, the septa tend to be widely spaced, resulting in large, long camarae. In others such as the Ellesmerocerida, Oncocerida and Discosorida the septa are crowded closely together. In some straight-shelled forms like *Actinoceras*, calcium carbonate deposits extend from the camera (mural deposits) to the septa (episeptal deposits).

It is possible to calculate the strength of cephalopod septa on the basis of their thickness and curvature, and from this the shell's implosion depth can be estimated. This has in turn been used to estimate maximum depth ranges for many living and extinct cephalopod groups, on the assumption that these animals would not normally venture deeper than two-thirds of their shell's implosion depth. Ordered by increasing depth, these estimated maximum depth ranges are: Discosorida (\<100 m); Oncocerida and Tarphycerida (\<150 m); Actinoceroidea (50–150 m); Ellesmerocerida (50–200 m); Belemnitida (50–200 m, exceptionally to 350 m); Bactritoidea (c. 400 m); Endoceroidea (100–450 m); Orthocerida (150–500 m); Nautilida (200–600 m); Aulacocerida (200–900 m); and Sepiida (200–1000 m).


title: Camp Ralph S. Mason

abstract: YMCA Camp Mason is a YMCA summer camp located in Hardwick Township, New Jersey. The 650-acre site is located next to the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. Camp Mason annually serves approximately 800 campers in its summer camp programs, and 7,000 participants at its outdoor center.

text:
# Camp Ralph S. Mason

**YMCA Camp Mason** is a YMCA summer camp located in Hardwick Township, New Jersey. The 650-acre site is located next to the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. Camp Mason annually serves approximately 800 campers in its summer camp programs, and 7,000 participants at its outdoor center.

## History

Established in 1900 as YMCA Camp Washington, YMCA Camp Mason was founded by the Trenton/Mercer YMCA. A small group of boys and YMCA leaders camped on property near Washington Crossing, PA, owned by the family of Edward Marshall. In 1903 the family sold an island property on the PA side of the Delaware River (Marshall's Island, also known as Eagle Island) to the Trenton/Mercer YMCA, who moved the camp there and renamed it YMCA Camp Wilson. In 1955 a flood inundated the site, and the camp relocated to Hardwick, NJ, changing its name a third time to Central New Jersey YMCA Camps. In the late 1970s the camp changed names again to YMCA Camp Ralph S. Mason to honor the man who was instrumental in rebuilding after the flood. Ralph Mason served as the volunteer chairman of the board of trustees for 35 years. His son Tom Mason is the chief volunteer officer and the current board president.

## Facilities

Camp Mason's facilities include a boat house on the lake, a swimming pool, an area known as 'The Courts', which includes basketball and street hockey courts, a skate park and a gaga pit, an athletic field, two ropes courses, a dining hall and six cabins for each of the four villages. Each village also contains a singular cabin for the village director, and an additional set of two cabins is located in the Apache village to house the CITs. The Spruce Lodge, which previously housed girls in the Ranch Camp program has been converted into a staff-longue area and the medical staff and additional bunks are housed in Hillside Lodge.

## Programs

Camp Mason's summer programs include a traditional co-ed overnight camp, western ranch camp, day camp, and adventure trips camp. Teens who have finished the 10th grade can participate in the Counselor-in-Training program. Camp Mason's Outdoor Center offers programs for families, school groups, and business retreats.

### Overnight Camp

Mason offers a traditional overnight camp for boys and girls who have finished grades two through nine. Overnight campers are split into senior villages (grades seven through nine) and junior villages (grades two through six). Each age group is then split into boys' and girls' villages: Algonquin (junior boys), Apache (junior girls), Sioux (senior boys), and Iroquois (senior girls). The villages, as well as cabins, are named after Native American tribes. Each village has 6 cabins, usually with two counselors in each cabin. The counselor to camper ratio is about one to five. Overnight camp is offered in two or four week sessions, with one week sessions available for young first-time campers.

A typical day at camp includes flag raising, breakfast, cabin cleanup, cabin activity, Activity Period 1, lunch, siesta, activity periods 2–3, free time, flag lowering, dinner, village activity, cabin chat, and taps. The three activity periods are electives, allowing campers to customize their experience. Activity choices are made at the beginning of each week and range from basketball, and swimming to arts and crafts, and stop motion. Campers can also sign-up for hiking, climbing, and rafting day trips in the Delaware Water Gap. Weekends at camp follow themes, such as Harry Potter, Olympics, or Superheroes, with special activities for the given theme.

### Day Camp

Since 1972 Camp Mason has offered YMCA Day Camp Shannon to children in Kindergarten through sixth grade for residents of the Blairstown – Hardwick – Knowlton area of North Warren County, NJ. Day camp starts at 9:00 am and ends at 4:00 pm, and before and after camp care is available. Camp Shannon offers financial aid for those in need. The day camp shares the facilities of the overnight camp including the pool, playing fields, and rock wall.

### Ranch Camp

Ranch Camp is a two-week program available for campers finished with grade seven through nine. Ranch Campers ride their horses for half the day every day where they learn about horses, horse care and riding. The other half of the day they can choose to spend either with the traditional overnight camp or at the ranch assisting with barn work. The campers in this program stay in the same villages as the other campers, with two Iroquois cabins dedicated specifically for ranch.

### Adventure Bound Treks

Adventure Bound Treks are a group of teens and counselors exploring the wilderness. You create new friends and learn new skills. Treks leave weekly throughout the summer. The treks are designed for any skill level but trekkers must have the "willingness and enthusiasm to contribute" to the program.

### Teen Programs (Counselor-in-Training Program)

Camp Mason's CIT program is a four-week co-ed residential experience. The teens learn many skills and work in all aspects of a counselors job at camp. The first two weeks consist of leadership training and activities run by the CIT counselors, the second two weeks place the CITs in cabins with junior campers with another actual counselor. The CITs train using the staff handbook and work on topics such as behavior management and leadership. Participants in the program also complete one or more service projects to help improve camp. CIT applicants must be sixteen years old and have finished tenth grade. Entry into the program is very competitive.

## Financial aid

Camp Mason prides itself on its financial aid program. The camp is dedicated to bringing every child they can to camp, regardless of financial need. Annually, Camp Mason provides more than $100,000 in financial assistance to campers.

## InfoBox

YMCA Camp Mason
|
|  |
| Formation | 1900 (1900) |
| Type | Summer Camp and Outdoor Center |
| Location | * Hardwick, New Jersey, USA |
| Coordinates | 41°02′09″N 74°57′12″W / 41.035761°N 74.953301°W / 41.035761; -74.953301 |
| Executive Director | Keith VanDerzee |
| Chief Volunteer Officer | Thomas Mason |
| Affiliations |  |
| Staff | 85 |
| Website | campmason.org |
| Formerly called | * YMCA Camp Washington * YMCA Camp Wilson * Central New Jersey Y Camps |


title: Qesarat

abstract: Qesarat is a village and a former municipality in the Gjirokastër County, southern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Memaliaj. The population at the 2011 census was 1,379. The municipal unit consists of the villages Qesarat, Iliras, Amanikaj, Toç, Anëvjosë, Koshtan and Kamçisht.

text:
# Qesarat

**Qesarat** is a village and a former municipality in the Gjirokastër County, southern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Memaliaj. The population at the 2011 census was 1,379. The municipal unit consists of the villages Qesarat, Iliras, Amanikaj, Toç, Anëvjosë, Koshtan and Kamçisht.

1. "Law nr. 115/2014" (PDF) (in Albanian). p. 6371. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
2. 2011 census results Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
3. Greece – Albania Neighbourhood Programme Archived March 27, 2012, at the Wayback Machine

## InfoBox

| Qesarat | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipal unit | |
| Qesarat | |
| Coordinates: 40°23′N 19°53′E / 40.383°N 19.883°E / 40.383; 19.883 | |
| Country | Albania |
| County | Gjirokastër |
| Municipality | Memaliaj |
| Population (2011) | |
| Municipal unit | 1,379 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Susan L. Talbott

abstract: Susan Lubowsky Talbott is an American curator and former director of the Wadsworth Atheneum.

text:
# Susan L. Talbott

**Susan Lubowsky Talbott** (born 1949) is an American curator and former director of the Wadsworth Atheneum.

## Education

Talbott graduated from Pratt Institute and Harvard University's Art Museum Directors' Program.

## Career

Before coming to the Atheneum, Talbott was director of Smithsonian Arts at the Smithsonian Institution for three years. From 1998 to 2005, she was CEO of the Des Moines Art Center.

Roberta Smith, art critic for *The New York Times*, gave Talbot "much of the credit" for making the key decisions in the widely admired renovation the Atheneum completed in 2015. She is credited not merely with finding funders for the museum's complete renovation, but also with growing the endowment.

Talbott announced her intention to retire in the fall of 2015.


title: Brian Litt

abstract: Brian Litt is a Professor of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Bioengineering at the Perelman School of Medicine and University of Pennsylvania. He is the former director of the Penn Epilepsy Center, and is director of the Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics. He earned an A.B.(1982) in engineering and applied science from Harvard and an M.D. degree (1986) from Johns Hopkins School of Medicine His residency in neurology was at Johns Hopkins Hospital from 1988–1991. Litt's research team focuses on epilepsy but also conducts research in functional neurosurgery, network and computational neuroscience, movement disorders, intra-operative and ICU monitoring, machine learning, high-speed data, and other related areas. He holds several patents and has co-founded medical device companies.

text:
# Brian Litt

**Brian Litt** is a Professor of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Bioengineering at the Perelman School of Medicine and University of Pennsylvania. He is the former director of the Penn Epilepsy Center, and is director of the Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics.

He earned an A.B.(1982) in engineering and applied science from Harvard and an M.D. degree (1986) from Johns Hopkins School of Medicine His residency in neurology was at Johns Hopkins Hospital from 1988–1991.

Litt's research team focuses on epilepsy but also conducts research in functional neurosurgery, network and computational neuroscience, movement disorders, intra-operative and ICU monitoring, machine learning, high-speed data, and other related areas.

He holds several patents and has co-founded medical device companies.

## Most cited papers

* Kim DH, Viventi J, Amsden JJ, Xiao J, Vigeland L, Kim YS, Blanco JA, Panilaitis B, Frechette ES, Contreras D, Kaplan DL. \[etc/\] Dissolvable films of silk fibroin for ultrathin conformal bio-integrated electronics. Nature materials. 2010 Jun;9(6):511-7. According to Google Scholar, it has been cited 1364 times.
* Viventi J, Kim DH, Vigeland L, Frechette ES, Blanco JA, Kim YS, Avrin AE, Tiruvadi VR, Hwang SW, Vanleer AC, Wulsin DF. \[etc\] Flexible, foldable, actively multiplexed, high-density electrode array for mapping brain activity in vivo. Nature neuroscience. 2011 Dec;14(12):1599. According to Google Scholar, it has been cited 935 times.
* Litt B, Echauz J. Prediction of epileptic seizures. The Lancet Neurology. 2002 May 1;1(1):22-30. According to Google Scholar, it has been cited 474 times.
* Kerrigan JF, Litt B, Fisher RS, Cranstoun S, French JA, Blum DE, Dichter M, Shetter A, Baltuch G, Jaggi J, Krone S. Electrical stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus for the treatment of intractable epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2004 Apr;45(4):346-54. . According to Google Scholar, it has been cited 433 times.

### Awards and recognition

## InfoBox

| Brian Litt | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1960-03-08) March 8, 1960 |
| Citizenship | American |
| Alma mater | Harvard University (AB)<br>Johns Hopkins University (MD) |
| Awards |  |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Neuroengineering, Computational Neuroscience, and Medicine |
| Institutions | University of Pennsylvania |
|  | |


title: Sarasota Herald Building

abstract: The Sarasota Herald Building is a historic structure located at 539 South Orange Avenue in Sarasota, Florida. The building served as the headquarters for Sarasota Herald-Tribune from 1925 to 1969.

text:
# Sarasota Herald Building

The **Sarasota Herald Building** is a historic structure located at 539 South Orange Avenue in Sarasota, Florida. The building served as the headquarters for *Sarasota Herald-Tribune* from 1925 to 1969.

## History

The structure was built by Owen Burns. On March 22, 1984, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. In 1969, the Sarasota Woman's Exchange moved in after purchasing and renovating the building. More renovations were carried out in 1982.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Sarasota Herald Building | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Sarasota, Florida |
| Coordinates | 27°19′53″N 82°32′19″W / 27.33139°N 82.53861°W / 27.33139; -82.53861 |
| Architectural style | Mediterranean Revival with Spanish Mission overtones |
| MPS | Sarasota MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 84003843 |
| Added to NRHP | March 22, 1984 |