title: Scorpion II

abstract: Scorpion II, also known as King Scorpion, was a ruler during the Protodynastic Period of Upper Egypt.

text:
# Scorpion II

**Scorpion II** (Ancient Egyptian: possibly **Selk** or **Weha**), also known as **King Scorpion**, was a ruler during the Protodynastic Period of Upper Egypt (c. 3200–3000 BCE).

## Identity

### Name

King Scorpion's name and title are of great dispute in modern Egyptology. His name is often introduced by a six- or seven-leafed golden rosette or flower sign. This emblem can be found on numerous objects from the Dynasty 0 and Dynasty I periods; it vanishes until the end of the Third Dynasty, when it re-appears under high-ranked officials, such as *Khabawsokar* and *A'a-akhty* (both dated to the end of the Third Dynasty). Its precise meaning has been intensely discussed; the most common interpretation is that of an emblem meaning 'nomarch' or 'high lord'. During the protodynastic and early dynastic eras, it was evidently used as a designation for kings; in much later periods, it was bestowed on high-ranked officials and princes, especially on those who served as priests for the goddess Seshat. Thus, the golden rosette became an official emblem of Seshat. The reading of the rosette sign is also disputed. Most linguists and Egyptologists read it *Neb* (for 'lord') or *Nesw* (for 'king'), and they are convinced that the golden rosette was some kind of forerunner to the later *serekh*.

The scorpion fetish, which underlies the name of Scorpion II, is generally linked to the later-introduced goddess Selket, but Egyptologists and linguists such as L.D. Morenz, H. Beinlich, Toby Wilkinson and Jan Assmann have pointed out that the goddess was introduced no earlier than the late Old Kingdom period. In this view, the scorpion fetish of the protodynastic period should not be associated with Selket. Morenz points out that, in cases where a fetish animal is included in a ruler's name, the animal generally has a different, rather cultic and political meaning. The scorpion animal commonly stood for dangerous things, such as 'poison' and 'illness', but it could also mean 'bad breath', or in military contexts 'storm' or 'attack'. Since it is unclear what actual meaning was reserved for the *serekh* animal of Scorpion II, scholars usually refer to him as 'King Scorpion II'.

### Historical figure

There are several theories regarding his identity and chronological position. Some Egyptologists, such as Bernadette Menu, argue that, because Egyptian kings of the First Dynasty seem to have had multiple names, Scorpion was the same person as Narmer, simply with an alternative name, or additional title. They also argue that the artistic style seen on the macehead of Scorpion II shows conspicuous similarities to that on the famous Narmer macehead. Other scholars, including T. H. Wilkinson, Renée Friedman and Bruce Trigger, have identified king Scorpion II as the 'Gegenkönig' (opponent ruler) of Narmer and Ka (or *Sekhen*). At the time of Scorpion II, Egypt was divided into several minor kingdoms that were fighting each other. It is likewise conjectured that Narmer simply conquered the realms of Ka and Scorpion II, thus unifying the whole of Egypt for the first time.

## Attestations

### Macehead

Scorpion MaceheadMacehead of Scorpion IIScorpion II on the macehead (drawing)

The only pictorial evidence of his existence is the so-called Scorpion Macehead, which was found in the Main deposit by archeologists James E. Quibell and Frederick W. Green in a temple at Nekhen (Hierakonpolis) during the dig season of 1897–1898. It is currently on display at the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. The stratigraphy of this macehead was lost due to the methods of its excavators, but its style seems to date it to the very end of the Predynastic Period.

The Scorpion Macehead depicts a single, large figure wearing the White Crown of Upper Egypt. He holds a hoe, which has been interpreted as a ritual either involving the pharaoh ceremonially cutting the first furrow in the fields, or opening the dikes to flood them. The use and placement of the iconography is similar to the depiction of the pharaoh Narmer on the obverse side of the Narmer Palette. The king is preceded by servants, the first in row seems to throw seeds from a basket into the freshly hacked ground. A second servant (his depiction is partially damaged) wears a huge bundle of grain sheafs, which strengthens the interpretation of a seed sowing ceremony, possibly connected to the Sed festival or a founding ceremony. Scorpion II may have been the founder of Nekhen or Buto, which would explain why the macehead was found in Hierakonpolis. Above the servants, a row of standard bearers, who carry the same standards as seen on the Narmer palette, precede the king. Below the royal servants, a road and a landscape with people and houses is preserved.

Behind the king (on the left side) two fan bearers follow the king. Left of the fan bearer, bundles of papyrus groves are depicted. Behind these, in the upper section, a group of dancers and a priest are visible; the priest guards a *Repw.t*-palanquin. The lower section is lost due to damage. The festive parade looks into the opposite direction of the king and his standard bearers; an outstretched complete view reveals that both processions meet each other in the center of the whole macehead relief scene. In this very center, scholars such as K. M. Ciałowicz, E. J. Baumgärtel and T. H. Wilkinson believe that they see the tiny traces of the feet and the coil of the Red Crown; a second golden rosette is clearly visible. The traces strengthen the presumption that the scene on the Scorpion macehead once contained the depiction of a second figure of the king, wearing the Red Crown of Lower Egypt. In this case, the Scorpion macehead would show king Scorpion II as the ruler of the whole of Egypt.

The uppermost scene on the macehead shows a row of divine standards. Each standard is surmounted by a god (Set, Min and Nemty, for example) or nome crest. The original number of standards is unknown, but it is clearly visible that one half shows hanged lapwings, the other shows hanged hunting bows. Both standard rows face each other. Lapwings stood for 'Lower Egyptian folks' or 'common folks' and the bows stood for 'folk of archers', pointing to hostile Asian tribes. Their hanging is interpreted as evidence that Scorpion II began the attacks on Lower Egypt and Egyptian enemies at the border lands, which eventually resulted in Narmer's victory and unification of the country.

### Ivory tags

Numerous small ivory tags showing the depiction of a scorpion were found. They come from Abydos, Minshat Abu Omar and Tarkhan. Some of them show the scorpion holding the hieroglyphic sign for "nome/garden/land" (Gardiner sign N24) and it is disputed, if this clear sign combination has a deeper meaning: the scorpion could represent King Scorpion II in his role as a ruler of a certain (but unnamed) nome. Some other tags show the scorpion close over a swallow sign, which reads 'the scorpion is great'. One unique tag shows the scorpion holding a long stick, smiting an enemy. Since many of the tags show a shrine with a heron on the roof at the backsite, it is thought that Scorpion II originated from Buto.

### Rock and vessel inscriptions

At Tarkhan and Minshat Abu Omar, several stone and clay vessels were found. They have royal *serekhs* incarved at their bellies and the reading of the name inside is disputed. Several Egyptologists (including Thomas Schneider, Dietrich Wildung and Herman TeVelde) are convinced that the *serekhs* present a strongly stylized figure of a scorpion. Others, such as Günter Dreyer and Wolfgang Helck, are not so sure and read it as a sloppily drawn version of the name of King Ka.

At the second cataract of the Nile, not far from the Nasser-reservoire at Gebel Sheikh Suliman (Sudan), a large rock cutting depicts a big scorpion figure striding over killed enemies. Their death is demonstrated by depicting them standing upside-down and being hit by arrows; two further figures are still holding their own bows and shooting. The enemies can be identified as Nubians, due to their ostrich feathers and bows, since ostrich feathers and bows were the typical attributes for Egyptians to mark Nubians. The scorpion faces a human figure with an artificial beard and ceremonial knife in a belt; the figure holds a long cord, to which captured Nubians are tied. The whole scene is interpreted as representing King Scorpion II celebrating his victory against the hostile Nubians.

## Reign

### Political situation

Numerous artifacts with relief decoration and pottery markings made of black ink point to a flourishing trade economy at the time of Scorpion's rulership. For the first time, the inscriptions give the hieroglyphic writings for 'Lower Egypt' and/or 'Upper Egypt'. Therefore, both parts of Egypt slowly started to work together. But, since it seems clear that Egypt was divided into at least two coexisting kingdoms, scholars wonder on which kind of power factor the rulership of protodynastic kings was based. Conquering and warfare had to be economically promoted, warriors and guardians had to be fed. Based on this cognition, scholars such as K. M Ciałowitz, T. H. Wilkinson, Karl Butzer and Michael A. Hoffman point to the irrigation systems, which were founded in huge quantities. Numerous palettes (such as the Hunters Palette, the Libyan Palette, and the Narmer Palette, for example) and the maceheads of Scorpion II and Narmer show depictions of rivers, plants, trees and several different animals (birds, mammals, and fishes) in surprising natural detail. Alongside these motifs, human figures performing agricultural work are depicted. Ciałowitz, Wilkinson, Butzer and Hoffman see the power source of the protodynastic kings in these agricultural developments. Irrigation systems allowed increasing settlements, cattle possessions and vegetable cultivation. The scholars wonder if the kings kept the irrigations scarce on purpose, to ensure their power, influence and wealth.

### Religious and cultic situation

The numerous decorations on the artifacts also depict large numbers of fetishes and standards, surmounted by gods, which reveals an already very complex religion and cult system. Since the standards often guide the battle scenes, battles and conquests might have been seen as cultic events as well. The earliest recognizable gods are Horus, Seth, Min, Nemty, Nekhbet, Bat, and Wepwawet. But it is unknown where these gods had their cultic centers and shrines, because the hieroglyphs depicting the place names were not introduced yet.

Another aspect of cultic and religious beliefs under Scorpion II are the numerous depictions of mythical creatures, such as the serpopard and the winged chimera. The serpopard appears on the Narmer palette and the Two Dogs Palette. He was named *Swdja*, which means "undestroyable". In Egyptian mythology the serpopard was described as "the one who moves the sun". On the Narmer palette, two serpopards are entwining their necks. This picture is thought to be an allegoric display of the unification of Egypt. Under Scorpion II, two serpopards are lacerating a gazelle, which might imply that the serpopards were under the control of the king (they attack on command).

The "winged chimeras" were named *Sefer* in Egyptian and they represent chaos and violence. They appear on the Two-dogs-palette and on several ivory artifacts. Scholars point to the fact that creatures such as the chimera and the serpopards were of Mesopotamian origin.

A further motif of Scorpion's era, clearly of Mesopotamian origin, is that of a warrior fighting two lions with his bare hands. He holds one lion in each hand, both at his sides. A similar motif shows the warrior with two giraffes. In later dynasties, this motif became a hieroglyph, registered as ***Gardiner A38*** and ***Gardiner A39***. It reads *Qjs* and it was used as the emblem of the city of Cusae.

## Mesopotamian influences under Scorpion II

All listed motifs and emblems, but also tomb architecture and traded items (such as tools, bead collars and cylinder seals) prove a surprisingly strong and extensive influence of Mesopotamian culture and religion to the early Egyptians. This cognition is promoted by the evaluations of architectural developments, visible at burial places such as Minshat Abu Omar, Hierakonpolis and Naqada. The architectural methods used for building complex and stable tombs were clearly copied from Mesopotamian buildings.

It is not fully clarified why the Egyptians fostered their amicable relationship with Mesopotamia so intensively; proponents of the Dynastic race theory believe that the first Egyptian chieftains and rulers were themselves of Mesopotamian origin, but this view has been abandoned among modern scholars.

The current position of modern scholarship is that the Egyptian civilization was an indigenous Nile Valley development and that the archaeological evidence "strongly supports an African origin" of the ancient Egyptians. During the rulership of King Scorpion II and his immediate successors, the influence seems to decrease and Egypt begins to foster its own, more independent culture. This surely was a further important step toward Egypt's future as a powerful and wealthy kingdom.

## Tomb

The exact burial place of Scorpion II is unknown. There are two tombs that are both seen as candidates. The first one is registered as Tomb B50 and lies at Umm El Qa'ab (close to Abydos). It is a nearly quadratic chamber divided into four rooms by a simple, cross-shaped mud wall. Several ivory tags with scorpion figures were found here. The second one is located at Hierakonpolis and is registered as Tomb HK6-1. It measures 3.5 m × 6.5 m, has a depth of 2.5 m, and is strengthened with mud. Several ivory tags with scorpion figures were found here.

## Sources

* Assmann, Jan (2003). *Stein und Zeit: Mensch und Gesellschaft im Alten Ägypten* (in German). München: W. Fink. ISBN 978-3-77-052681-9.
* Hannig, Rainer (2006). *Großes Handwörterbuch Ägyptisch-Deutsch: (2800–950 v. Chr.): die Sprache der Pharaonen*. Kulturgeschichte der antiken Welt (in German). Vol. 64. Mainz: Philip von Zabern. ISBN 978-3-80-531771-9.
* Kaiser, Werner; Dreyer, Günter (1982). "Umm el-Qaab: Nachuntersuchungen im frühzeitlichen Königsfriedhof. 2. Vorbericht". *Mitteilungen des Deutschen archäologischen Instituts (MDAIK). Abteilung Kairo.* (in German). **38**. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern. ISBN 978-3-80-530552-5.
* Menu, Bernadette (1996). "Enseignes et porte-étendarts". *Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale* (in French). **96**. Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale: 339–342.
* Moortgat, Anton (1994). "Die Goldrosette – ein Schriftzeichen?". *Altorientalische Forschungen* (in German). **21**. Berlin: Institut für Orientforschung: 359–371.
* Needler, Winifred (1967). "A Rock-drawing on Gebel Sheikh Suliman (near Wadi Halfa) showing a Scorpion and human Figures". *Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt*. **6**. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns: 87–91. doi:10.2307/40000735. JSTOR 40000735.
* Shaw, Ian; Nicholson, Paul (1995). *The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt*. London: The British Museum Press. ISBN 978-0-71-411909-0.
* Wildung, Dietrich (1981). *Ägypten vor den Pyramiden – Münchner Ausgrabungen in Ägypten* (in German). Mainz: Philipp von Zabern. ISBN 978-3-80-530523-5.

## Bibliography

* Clayton, Peter A (2006). *Chronicle of the Pharaohs: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt*. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-28628-0.
* Edwards, IES (1965). "The Early Dynastic Period in Egypt". In Edwards, IES; et al. (eds.). *The Cambridge Ancient History*. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press.

## InfoBox


title: The Electors' Action Movement

abstract: The Electors' Action Movement (TEAM) was a centrist political party from 1968 to the mid-1980s at the municipal level in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It fielded candidates for the office of mayor as well as for positions on the City Council, School Board, and Park Board. It was most successful in the 1970s when it held the majority of council seats from 1972 to 1976. Retrospective accounts of TEAM have painted it as distinctly shifting civic governance in Vancouver when it gained power. Rod Mickleburgh of The Globe and Mail wrote in 2013 that TEAM's Art Phillips' four years as mayor "were pivotal in changing the face of Canada's third largest city, just when it seemed to be headed for pell-mell, American-style development that was ruining so many cities south of the border". May Brown, one of the original TEAM members who represented the party on council for ten years, told Pat Johnson of the Vancouver Courier in 1999 that "TEAM radically altered the face of city government".

text:
# The Electors' Action Movement

**The Electors' Action Movement** (**TEAM**) was a centrist political party from 1968 to the mid-1980s at the municipal level in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It fielded candidates for the office of mayor as well as for positions on the City Council, School Board, and Park Board. It was most successful in the 1970s when it held the majority of council seats from 1972 to 1976.

Retrospective accounts of TEAM have painted it as distinctly shifting civic governance in Vancouver when it gained power. Rod Mickleburgh of *The Globe and Mail* wrote in 2013 that TEAM's Art Phillips' four years as mayor "were pivotal in changing the face of Canada's third largest city, just when it seemed to be headed for pell-mell, American-style development that was ruining so many cities south of the border". May Brown, one of the original TEAM members who represented the party on council for ten years, told Pat Johnson of the *Vancouver Courier* in 1999 that "TEAM radically altered the face of city government".

## Creation

The catalyst for the creation of TEAM was a proposal to build a freeway through historic Chinatown. At the time, power at City Hall was not in the hands of the elected mayor and aldermen, but in those of two appointed city commissioners. In 1959, one of the commissioners, chief planner Gerald Sutton-Brown, generated a city plan that former TEAM alderman and transportation engineer Setty Pendakur described as "completely automobile and freeway oriented".

While such freeways were being built in major cities throughout North America at that time, in Vancouver, opposition grew as the plans progressed. By the fourth quarter of 1967, a public hearing on how the route was chosen turned into one of the "wildest, most stormy meetings ever seen at city hall", wrote *The Province's* Bud Elsie. The nearly 500 people who attended, most of whom were opposed to freeways, turned it into a networking opportunity, "and, with their vest pocket diaries in hand, eagerly arranged to meet again for further discussion". Those further discussions led to the formation of a political movement that in just nine months would develop policies and attract candidates to run for every position in the next civic election.

TEAM came into being at a public meeting held at Vancouver's Grandview Community Centre on March 12, 1968. The founding president was Phillips, the head of a successful Vancouver investment firm; first and second vice-presidents were broadcasting executive Bill Bellman and labour leader Ed Lawson. Also on the founding executive committee were hotelier Frank Bernard; UBC history of medicine professor W. C. Gibson; Citizens' Housing Council president Alice Moore; head of UBC's department of community and regional planning; Peter Oberlander; UBC geography professor Walter Hardwick; businessman Charles Jordan-Knox; lawyer Haig Farris; and West Vancouver councillor Donald Lanskail.

In less than five years' time, TEAM would be in a position to shift the power balance at City Hall and implement the policies for which the electors had voted.

## Policies and platform

TEAM sought to be a moderate reform group committed to democratic principles, appealing to people of all political leanings. Its candidates would be tied to policies determined by the general membership. In contrast, the ruling Non-Partisan Association endorsed individuals, but not policies. Oberlander described TEAM as the first civic party to run on a platform and with a caucus on council, school board and park board that could coordinate coherent policy.

Within a month of the founding meeting, about 150 people met at the Waldorf Hotel to set up committees dealing with all aspects of civic life. There were four subcommittees and a special research committee, operating under an over-all policy committee headed by Oberlander and Farris. Oberlander stated, "We want to involve the maximum number of people in the evolution of our policies."

In August 1968, TEAM released its procedure on selection of candidates. Instead of candidates being appointed by the executive board, every eligible nomination would be voted on by the entire membership.

In September, there was a general membership meeting to present, discuss and vote on the policies TEAM would promote. These included:

* creation of a Vancouver Development Authority to plan growth in the city core and particularly False Creek and the downtown waterfront
* outside of the downtown core, planned commercial and residential districts, each with its own "core"
* a "parks for people" program aimed at securing park land for future generations
* greater involvement in regional municipal government
* a mayoral executive committee to oversee city management and "give the government back to the elected representatives".
* an expanded city council with some aldermen elected at large and others by district

Political opponents criticized the latter as a step backwards to the patronage and cronyism of ward systems past. But Phillips said TEAM had never used the word "ward" and instead was advocating a system of partial area representation. He said Vancouver was the only major city in Canada that elected all its aldermen at large, so this proposal was hardly revolutionary. Partial area representation would mean fewer names on the ballot and district aldermen "would be available to perform the ombudsman function which is so important if we are to counteract the feeling of alienation that exists all over this city". He added that the district aldermen would ensure points of view from all parts of the city would be represented on council, while the at-large aldermen meant a balance would always exist between neighbourhood and city-wide concerns.

## First civic election: limited success in 1968

Running under the TEAM banner, Burnaby mayor Alan Emmott lost to NPA incumbent Tom Campbell, who received fifty percent more votes. Hardwick and Phillips took two of ten council seats, with Phillips moving up from eleventh spot after a recount. For school board, Oberlander topped the polls, while Fritz Bowers and Peter Bullen also won seats. Helen Boyce was elected to the park board. In the aftermath, a *Province* analysis suggested TEAM had made a tactical error in choosing an outsider as its mayoral candidate. And *The Vancouver Sun* wrote that Hardwick, "while pleased about his own win, said the people were 'obviously not ready' for the TEAM concept. 'It is an organization 40 years ahead of its time.'"

In their first year on council, Phillips and Hardwick were vocal about the need for change. At a TEAM meeting, Phillips cited the lease of land to the Pacific National Exhibition and lack of development in False Creek as "glaring examples of stupid management policies". Hardwick promoted False Creek as a major residential, recreational and service area in the future, complaining that "some aldermen can't see anything in False Creek except industry".

The two were busy. Phillips succeeded in a motion to have the planning department investigate rezoning the 1000 block of Robson Street for a high-rise apartment district with two levels of pedestrian-oriented shopping malls. Hardwick proposed changes to the city charter to allow for elections earlier in the autumn, and for ballots to include candidates' names in non-alphabetical order, along with political affiliations. With NPA alderman Brian Calder, who often voted with them, they did a helicopter tour of the city to check out air pollution.

By early 1970, Phillips and Hardwick had made an impact. *Province* columnist Lorne Parton wrote that their record "has given the movement respectability and credibility". And the left-leaning Committee of Progressive Electors (COPE), criticized the news media for "playing down news on city political organizations other than the one they supported, TEAM".

During the year, park board commissioner Boyce left TEAM to join the NPA and Calder joined TEAM. With the election approaching, TEAM chose William C. Gibson as its mayoral candidate and endorsed a full slate for city council, including Calder, Hardwick and Phillips. The sitting school trustees were nominated along with six others, and there was a full park board slate.

Candidates for city council said they were united by "a common concern for the quality of life in Vancouver" and cited as accomplishments the halt to the downtown freeway and progress toward development of False Creek. Park board candidates promised a complete review of the operations of the Park Board and greater control of pollution. School board candidates pledged to promote students' choice in schools and programs, and greater autonomy for students as they aged.

## 1970: Same number of seats but other gains

Gibson did not defeat the incumbent mayor Tom Campbell, but closed the gap significantly compared with the 1968 result. TEAM's three sitting aldermen were re-elected, this time placing in the top five. TEAM elected three school trustees; a fourth almost made it but an NPA candidate eventually took the spot. Art Cowie was elected to the park board.

Campbell began his third term by placing himself and his six NPA aldermen in ten choice appointments to committees and boards. Hardwick said TEAM had tried to avoid an opposition role on council "but Campbell has obviously decided to run the body on partisan political lines".

However, the NPA's subsequent behaviour on council opened opportunities for TEAM. When three NPA aldermen did not attend a public meeting where citizens presented briefs in favour of parks for people, not cars, the TEAM–COPE bloc reversed an earlier council decision to proceed with plans for a six-lane road through what would become Jericho park. Campbell himself was frequently absent, and the structure and functioning of council itself came under question. All three TEAM aldermen filled in for Campbell when he was away, and a *Province* story described how Phillips spent his time in the mayor's office "priming an engine that had practically ceased to function. Phillips brought action on urban renewal, Jericho land proposals and scores of minor matters during his brief tenure."

During this period, TEAM raised many questions about the way the city and the electoral system ran. It proposed a larger council with an executive group chosen from its ranks that would take full-time responsibility for governing; evening meetings so more citizens could attend; cash deposits for civic candidates, and the elimination of voting privileges for corporations. Calder, who had proposed the council restructuring, quit the Town Planning Commission, dismissing it as a toothless body used to pasture off defeated NPA candidates. He suggested it should instead be a non-political body transmitting public opinions on planning matters to council.

In announcing his candidacy for mayor in the 1972 election, Phillips "said the first priority of his administration would be to make 'livability' the top planning objective in Vancouver. He said the practice of seeking development for development's sake has got to end."

As the election approached, Phillips' star was in the ascendant. In an August profile, *The Vancouver Sun's* Lisa Hobbs wrote: "Being in charge is not only something Phillips is good at but is something he revels in. No trace of a hang-up, philosophical or psychological, mitigates his delight in being boss." In accepting TEAM's mayoral nomination in October, Phillips said, "Citizen action won some big battles in the last few years against bulldozers and freeways and shopping centres but they won the hard way. They had to fight city hall. I want people to feel that the city government is there to serve them, not to rule them." TEAM nominated candidates for every position and encouraged electors to vote for its whole slate.

## 1972: Landslide

On December 13, voters preferred Phillips as mayor by a factor of nearly six to one. TEAM elected eight aldermen to the ten-seat council, with Hardwick topping the polls. The others were lawyer Michael Harcourt, physician William Gibson, architect Geoffrey Massey, lawyer Jack Volrich, engineer Fritz Bowers, social worker/community planner Darlene Marzari and engineer and planner Setty Pendakur. TEAM would control the school board, with eight of nine trustees, and the park board, with four commissioners to the NPA's three. Pendakur was the first South Asian to be elected alderman, and new school trustee Jack Say Yee was the first Chinese-Canadian to be elected to civic office in Vancouver.

UBC political scientist Paul Tennant, writing on Vancouver civic politics in *BC Studies*, described the new council as "the cream of the cream in terms of educational and professional attainment", adding it's likely "that few, if any, other cosmopolitan cities with open elections have ever produced a city council composed so completely of persons of high occupational and social status". He noted that all had university degrees, four were university professors, and on average they were more than a decade younger than the NPA members of the previous council.

Following Phillip's swearing-in as Vancouver's 32nd mayor, *The Province* noted that it had been five years since TEAM was formed to combat what sponsors felt was aimless civic leadership. "TEAM's drive for power is over; now the work begins." The new council's priorities were listed as: "More consultation with the people of Vancouver on policy; better bus service and, eventually, a rapid transit system; more direct leadership by elected representatives; evening council meetings that more residents can attend; restoration of the committee system that gives each alderman specific responsibilities; new downtown and West End zoning; greater co-operation with the park board in environment matters; a waterfront development study; greater leadership in the Greater Vancouver Regional District.

Control of business at city hall meant a shake-up of the established bureaucracy, and TEAM Council's first move was to encourage the resignation of city commissioner Gerald Sutton-Brown, who had been the strongest proponent of the freeway system. "Sutton Brown's departure stood as a powerful symbol of regime change in the local state. \[...\] Citizen involvement in planning, a focus on regional planning, and an effort to accommodate downtown living became norms."

There were bumps along the way. Council overruled the recommendations of Hardwick's committee on the topic of underground shopping malls, which the committee opposed for the damage they do to ground-level street life. A couple of weeks later, at its annual meeting, TEAM voted to make it official party policy to ban more downtown underground malls.

At the park board, Cowie was seeking some control over the finances for parks and recreation and complaining that "the new TEAM council is no more receptive to park board matters than the old NPA council". The elected board should do more than rubber-stamp staff proposals, he said. The ensuing conflict led to the abrupt resignation of a long-time bureaucrat, and NPA commissioners blaming Cowie for staff morale plunging to the lowest ebb they said they'd ever seen. Things improved after council approved the expenditure of $11,000 for a management review of the park board, which resulted in a new administrative structure and staff organization. Historian R. Mike Steele wrote that after decades of adversarial relations between the park board and city council, things changed greatly in the two years after the 1972 election. He attributed the greater cooperation to the majority of elected officials from both bodies being "political comrades bent on amending a structure they viewed as unresponsive ... Greater public participation certainly became a feature of park planning."

During its first term the TEAM council implemented much of its policy platform. The freeway proposal was finally killed. Neighbourhood participation in local area planning was encouraged. Granville Mall was planned and completed. A bylaw phased out advertising billboards. Zoning and procedural changes controlled downtown development. New requirements for early public notice and the creation of the Development Permit Board abolished secrecy in the development process. The former industrial area of False Creek was transformed into a residential area under direct development by the city itself. The False Creek plan would be an important legacy, as noted by writer Brian Palmquist fifty years later: "TEAM and the mayor, together with planning staff led by director of planning Ray Spaxman, set at least three key precedents in the planning of False Creek South: the housing mix, the parks, and the waterfront walkway

## 1974: Second majority

Phillips was returned to the mayor's chair with a closer vote, receiving 37,220 to his NPA opponent George Puil's 27,686. During the campaign Puil, a long-time park board commissioner, accused TEAM of failing to act on rising crime and vandalism, squandering civic resources, aggravating the housing crisis, making Vancouver a haven for welfare bums and promoting permissiveness in schools. Five TEAM aldermen were elected: Harcourt, Bowers, Volrich, Marzari and Cowie. TEAM elected six school trustees and five park board commissioners, retaining control of both bodies.

Land and housing issues dominated TEAM's second mandate. Council approved a property endowment fund that would "maintain or increase the City's ownership of strategic land", support its planning and development objectives, and produce a reasonable return on its property investments. Phillips' housing priorities were to set policy on secondary suites to maintain quality of neighbourhoods and provide lower-priced rentals while helping families gain equity in their homes, "enough to make living in Vancouver affordable again". He also wanted the city to initiate more seniors' housing.

But housing was always controversial. Council gave final approval for the residential development on the south shore of False Creek against the wishes of those who wanted the area for parkland. In Kitsilano, it approved the demolition of city-owned houses to create waterfront parks despite arguments that the homes should be retained because of the housing shortage. "Mayor Art Phillips who supported the demolitions said the city would probably always have a housing crisis in the future", *The Sun* reported.

In June 1975, there was a serious rift on TEAM over a proposed co-op that would have doubled the zoned density on a single-family block near UBC. Phillips and Volrich voted with the NPA against it. Marzari, who was a proponent, said she was sad to belong to a reform party that was unaccountable to its members. It was "irrevocably split" on the issue, she said, but she was glad the split "had finally come into the open".

There was dismay in the TEAM ranks. *The Sun* reported that Phillips and Volrich were asked to justify their "direct contradiction of TEAM's housing policy that a variety of housing styles serving a variety of income levels be available in all areas of the city". By the end of the summer, The Sun was suggesting that Phillips might run for the NPA while Harcourt would be TEAM's pick for mayor in 1976. Two months later, a few days after Marzari quit TEAM to finish her term as an independent, Phillips announced he would not run in 1976, telling reporters he had accomplished most of what he had set out to do and was ready for a return to private life.

In January 1976, Province columnist Nate Smith was pessimistic about TEAM's chances in that fall's election, noting that president Don Bellamy had told a television interviewer that he felt like the "captain of the Titanic". The party's "nebulous document known as 'TEAM policy' is the organization's problem, because at the moment TEAM really has no idea what it stands for", Smith wrote.

Phillips did not attend TEAM's annual general meeting in February. There, Harcourt warned that he'd find it difficult to support the party unless it restored itself as a grassroots movement, and he lamented the loss of TEAM's former energy and excitement and some of its community organizers.

In May, Volrich announced he would run for mayor, with or without TEAM's endorsement. "Volrich said some crucial questions must be faced in the city: How large a population, how much housing and what degree density, how much additional office and commercial space should be allowed."

Harcourt also sought TEAM's mayoral nomination, initially saying that if he failed, he would run for alderman. But when Volrich was chosen, he changed his mind and resigned from the party. A pre-election editorial endorsed Volrich for mayor, noting that while the differences between TEAM and the NPA seem inconsequential, given TEAM's move to the right, TEAM "is more likely to continue the trend to more human proportions in city development", noting its innovations such as Granville Mall, Gastown and the False Creek mixed housing program.

## 1976: Minority council

On November 19, Volrich became TEAM's second mayor, doubling the votes of NPA's Ed Sweeney. Successful TEAM alderman candidates were May Brown, Marguerite Ford, Bill Gibson and Don Bellamy. Harcourt and Marzari were elected as independents. TEAM took the first six of nine places on the school board and kept its majority on park board, electing four commissioners.

## 1978 to 1984: Ebbing support

TEAM fielded a full slate in the 1978 election, with May Brown as the mayoral hopeful. She was defeated by Volrich who, running as an independent, received a greater percentage of the vote than he had in 1976. Ford won the sole council seat for TEAM, which elected only two school trustees and two park board commissioners.

The 1978 election included a plebiscite on the institution of a ward system, but the 51.7% vote in favour wasn't considered high enough to move ahead. In 1979, council voted to examine alternatives to the at-large system. Harcourt, seconded by Marzari, proposed that council pursue a full ward system. The motion was defeated by Volrich and the NPA majority, along with Ford, who thought it too vague.

By the end of 1979, the press was speculating on a third term for Volrich and commenting on the state of the civic parties. "It shouldn't be forgotten that the NPA group rode on Volrich's coat-tails in the 1978 election ... After the Volrich victory, the NPA breathed a sigh of relief and went back to sleep. As an organization, it has virtually no identity  only a title. The Electors' Action Movement has at least held an annual meeting and elected a new panel of officers, maintaining some show of activity."

In the 1980 election, Harcourt edged out Volrich, and TEAM's Martin Zlotnik came a distant third in the mayoral race. Brown and Ford were elected to council. No TEAM candidates were elected to school or park board.

Post-election analyses of TEAM's weaknesses helped explain its fall: the discouraging perception that it was washed up; the view that it was too conservative and its members had become complacent; the defections of Marzari, Harcourt and Volrich. Brown, who regained her council seat, said the perception of TEAM could not be good or more people would have voted for Zlotnik. "'There is a big rebuilding job to come,' she said. Brown agreed that a resurrection of TEAM would take a lot of work and there would be no guarantee of success."

The big issue of 1982 was another ward system plebiscite, which was approved by nearly 57 percent of voters. TEAM did not propose a mayoral candidate, but its two incumbent aldermen, Brown and Ford, ran and were elected, Brown placing a close second to poll-topper Harry Rankin of COPE.

In a 1982 column, Alan Fotheringham described how neither TEAM nor the NPA had been able to stop the rise of the left. "The progress of the left in the city of yachts and skis began a decade ago with the collapse of the real estate shield known as the Non-Partisan Association (NPA), so-named because it was vigorously partisan, formed to keep the dreaded socialists out of city hall. An academic-based reform group, The Electors' Action Movement (TEAM), picked up the pieces and greened Vancouver as the freeway forces were blocked. But TEAM, composed of quiche-eating Volvo drivers who carpooled their children to French immersion courses, didn't have the staying power of the humorless east side angries who have been steadily building their base on council, school board and park board."

In 1984, Brown and Ford again held their council seats. Two TEAM candidates for park board and one for school board were defeated.

Early in 1986, COPE's success in a byelection galvanized TEAM into action. Concerned about the prospect of a COPE-dominated council with Rankin at the helm, the party was making plans for a post-Expo 86 future. A *Province* story described Brown as "excited by the whole new mood and people wanting to get together the way they did in 1968". It noted that TEAM president Walter Hardwick believed polarized politics were taking precedence over solving urgent civic issues and that "ideology is clearly interfering with the advancement of public interest.'"

Phillips' former executive assistant Gordon Campbell, then an alderman, announced his candidacy for mayor and had the support of TEAM's May Brown. In the fourth quarter of 1986, a retirement party was held for Brown, who was "leaving politics without regret" after eight years on council, four on park board, and a 1978 mayoral run. *Vancouver Sun* columnist Pete McMartin noted, "Her absence from Vancouver civic politics will leave a very big gap to be filled. It may mean the end  in name, anyway, of TEAM and its eventual amalgamation into the remade NPA under Gordon Campbell."

The idea of amalgamating the NPA and TEAM caused a ruckus in the TEAM organization. Hardwick, a former alderman and member of TEAM since its founding in 1967, resigned as president because some board members were prepared to endorse Campbell and his NPA slate, The Sun reported. "I don't believe in coalitions and alliances", was the quote from Hardwick.

Ford was the only TEAM candidate in the November 1986 election; she ended in eleventh place. Campbell easily defeated Rankin and was elected mayor with seven NPA aldermen. COPE lost eight of its nine seats to the NPA, which swept the park board.

## Legacies

In 1988, columnist Denny Boyd characterized TEAM as "the civic party that developed three mayors, Art Phillips, Jack Volrich and Mike Harcourt, before fracturing and collapsing on itself and vanishing". But besides developing mayors, TEAM made many changes to the city's structure, neighbourhoods and operations that continue to shape it today.

Among the innovations at city hall:

* TEAM made civic government more accessible to residents by changing the time of meetings and welcoming delegations to speak.
* Vancouver's Property Endowment Fund was created to keep city land in city hands, preventing it from being sold for revenue.
* The development approvals process was initiated, including providing citizens with early information (development application notice boards) and an opportunity for input.
* The Heritage Advisory Board (now Heritage Commission) was created to catalog and retain historic buildings and areas.
* Local area planning was established in Fairview, Kitsilano, Champlain Heights, Killarney and the West End.

Neighbourhoods, parks and buildings:

* The planned medium-density neighbourhood on the formerly industrial south shore of False Creek is considered one of the most attractive and livable waterfront communities in Canada.
* Zoning was made for flexible to allow for residential buildings in the downtown commercial core.
* Granville Island was acquired and designed.
* Gastown was preserved and revitalized.
* Granville Mall was created.
* Land was acquired to complete public ownership of Langara Golf Course.
* The historic Orpheum Theatre was saved from demolition and acquired and refurbished as a civic theatre.
* Jericho Beach Park remains in a mostly natural state without a six-lane road bisecting it. The TEAM park board established a citizen's planning advisory committee for Jericho Beach Park in 1973.
* The Britannia Community Centre and West End Community Centre were created.
* The historic neighbourhoods of Strathcona and Chinatown were saved from destruction by the freeway that would also have blocked the Burrard Inlet waterfront from public access.
* Vancouver's first bicycle path was opened in 1974: a 7.8-kilometre (4.8 mi) trail in Stanley Park.
* Mini-parks were introduced in the West End.
* Land for the 42-hectare (105-acre) Everett Crowley Park was acquired.

Other amenities introduced:

* The city was made more accessible thanks to by-laws mandating curb cuts, ramps, handicap washrooms, and auditory crosswalks.
* The 9-1-1 emergency telephone service was established.
* A sign by-law largely abolished billboards.

## InfoBox

| The Electors' Action Movement | |
| --- | --- |
| Defunct municipal party | |
| Leader | Art Phillips |
| Founded | 1968 (1968) |
| Dissolved | c. 1986 |
| Headquarters | Vancouver |
| Ideology |  |
| Political position | Centre |
| Colours | Pink |
|  | |


title: Darussalam Grand Mosque, Palangka Raya

abstract: Darussalam Grand Mosque, Palangka Raya is one of the mosques in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. This grand mosque is located on George Obos Street in the district of Jekan Raya, Palangka Raya. This mosque is situated within the Islamic Center area of Palangka Raya. This grand mosque is also one of the most important icons of the capital city of Central Kalimantan province.

text:
# Darussalam Grand Mosque, Palangka Raya

**Darussalam Grand Mosque, Palangka Raya** is one of the mosques in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. This grand mosque is located on George Obos Street in the district of Jekan Raya, Palangka Raya. This mosque is situated within the Islamic Center area of Palangka Raya. This grand mosque is also one of the most important icons of the capital city of Central Kalimantan province.

## History

This grand mosque was built in 1984 initiated by the Foundation of Amal Bakti Muslim Pancasila with its traditional roof shape of three layers of four-sided pyramids. Later on 2010, the provincial government of Central Kalimantan intended to build a mosque which would be the grand mosque of the City of Palangka Raya. Therefore, The Darussalam Grand Mosque was renovated in 2011. The renovation process took three years to be complete. Until 2014, the renovation has completed and this mosque was inaugurated by the governor of Central Kalimantan at that time, Mr. Agustin Teras Narang.

## Architecture

The building area of Darussalam Grand Mosque is 40,000 square metres (430,000 sq ft). This grand mosque can host more 10,000 worshipers in the 2,028 square metres (21,830 sq ft) prayer area. The architecture of this grand mosque is a mix between postmodernism, Arabic, and local Dayak architecture. The trace of traditional Dayak architecture could be seen from the traditional Dayak-carved shield as the exterior design of the building. Moreover, the traditional Dayak architecture trace could also be seen from the color patterns on the domes of the mosque. This grand mosque has five domes consisted of one main 32-m diameter dome and four secondary domes. To the southwest of the mosque, there is one tall minaret which has 114 meters in height. This grand mosque has also three different floors, the first one which functioned as the management office of the grand mosque and the second & the third floors which functioned as the main prayer area.

## InfoBox

| Darussalam Grand Mosque | |
| --- | --- |
| Masjid Raya Darussalam | |
|  | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Islam |
| Branch/tradition | Sunni Islam |
| Location | |
| Location | Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia |
| Location of Darussalam Grand Mosque, Palangka Raya in Central KalimantanDarussalam Grand Mosque, Palangka Raya (Kalimantan) | |
| Geographic coordinates | 2°13′51″S 113°53′24″E / 2.230956°S 113.890124°E / -2.230956; 113.890124 |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Mosque |
| Style | Mix of Postmodernism, Arabic, and local Dayak architecture |
| Date established | 1984 (renovated in 2011) |
| Specifications | |
| Capacity | 10,000 to 20,000 people |
| Dome(s) | 5 |
| Minaret(s) | 1 |
| Minaret height | 114 metres (374 ft) |


title: Cabot Square, Montreal

abstract: Cabot Square is an urban square in Montreal, Quebec, Canada between the former Montreal Forum and the former Montreal Children's Hospital. The square is in the Shaughnessy Village neighbourhood, an area recently re-dubbed the Quartier des Grands Jardins and has been slated for redevelopment. It is one of three statues of John Cabot in Canada; the others are both in Newfoundland at Confederation Building in St. John's and Cape Bonavista. Two other statues of Cabot are both found in Bristol, England, at Council House and Bristol Harbour.

text:
# Cabot Square, Montreal

**Cabot Square** is an urban square in Montreal, Quebec, Canada between the former Montreal Forum and the former Montreal Children's Hospital. The square is in the Shaughnessy Village neighbourhood, an area recently re-dubbed the *Quartier des Grands Jardins* and has been slated for redevelopment.

It is one of three statues of John Cabot in Canada; the others are both in Newfoundland at Confederation Building in St. John's and Cape Bonavista. Two other statues of Cabot are both found in Bristol, England, at Council House and Bristol Harbour.

## Overview

The square opened in 1870 and the monument to Italian-born English explorer John Cabot, by Italian sculptor Guido Casini (1892–1956), was unveiled on May 25, 1935.

It takes the form of an urban green space and may otherwise be described as a park, but its status as a public square means there is a generally unenforceable curfew. It is also the location of the STM's Atwater Terminus, with several bus routes connecting to the Métro station located nearby. A shelter and access point to the Underground City, Montreal (Réso) can be found at the Northwestern corner of the square.

Installation artwork and conceptual sculptures were integrated into the square as part of a broad urban beautification plan. In late summer/early fall 2013, the city began a major cleanup of the square including cleaning the statue of Cabot, pruning the trees and collecting debris.

## The Cabot Square Project

Cabot Square has been an informal gathering place for First Nations and Inuit in Montreal for a long time. Many of the park's occupants, found themselves stuck here, without family, friends or social supports.

In 2014, The Cabot Square Project was developed to counteract the displacement of Indigenous people in the downtown area of Montreal. The Native Women's Shelter met with multiple community organizations and currently this project is a product of a partnership between the Native Women's Shelter and the YMCA, in which both organizations have an outreach worker assigned to Cabot Square.

## InfoBox

| Cabot Square | |
| --- | --- |
| The monument to John Cabot in Cabot Square. | |
|  | |
| Type | Town square |
| Location | Shaughnessy Village, Ville-Marie Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
| Coordinates | 45°29′22″N 73°35′01″W / 45.489444°N 73.583611°W / 45.489444; -73.583611 |
| Area | 0.61 hectares (1.5 acres) |
| Created | 1870 (1870) |
| Operated by | City of Montreal |
| Status | Open all year |
| Public transit access | Atwater <br>Terminus Cabot Square |


title: VF-114

abstract: Fighter Squadron 114 (VF-114) was a fighter squadron of the United States Navy that was active from 1945 through 1993. Nicknamed the "Aardvarks", it was based out of Naval Air Station Miramar, California. The squadron flew combat missions during the Korean War and Vietnam War. VF-114 was disestablished as part of the post-Cold War drawdown of forces on 30 April 1993.

text:
# VF-114

**Fighter Squadron 114 (VF-114)** was a fighter squadron of the United States Navy that was active from 1945 through 1993. Nicknamed the "Aardvarks", it was based out of Naval Air Station Miramar, California. The squadron flew combat missions during the Korean War and Vietnam War. VF-114 was disestablished as part of the post-Cold War drawdown of forces on 30 April 1993.

## History

### 1940s

VF-114 was established as **Bombing Fighter Squadron (VBF-19)** on 20 January 1945, at NAS Alameda, California. Soon thereafter, Bombing Fighter Squadron, VBF-19 moved to NAS North Island, California, where it first flew the Grumman F6F Hellcat and then the Vought F4U-4 Corsair. As with many squadrons after World War II, VBF-19 made several designation changes. The first change was two years later, on 24 August 1948 when it became **VF-192**, and its final change was on 15 February 1950 when it became **VF-114**. At this time, VF-114 was known as the *Executioners*.

### 1950s

VF-114 participated in the Korean War deployed on the USS *Philippine Sea* on 5 July 1950. It flew its Corsairs for several months and conducted over 1,100 strikes against North Korean and Chinese forces.

After its return from Korea, VF-114 moved from propeller aircraft to jets, first flying the Grumman F9F Panther. This was soon followed by the McDonnell F2H Banshee and in 1957 VF-114 transitioned to the McDonnell F3H Demon, the first jet operated by the squadron able to carry air-to-air missiles. Now based at NAS Miramar, California, VF-114 made two cruises on USS *Shangri-La* and one on USS *Hancock*.

### 1960s

In 1961, VF-114 transitioned to the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II, becoming the first deployable Pacific Fleet fighter squadron to do so. At this point, VF-114 also changed its name and insignia to an Aardvark, apparently inspired by the resemblance between the F-4 and the cartoon character Aardvark in the "B.C." comic strip. This change became official in 1963.

At some point the squadron had a 2-foot replica of "B.C." comic's aardvark created, which was named "Zott" (for the sound the aardvark made in the comic) and proudly displayed in the squadron's ready room afloat and ashore. Zott was also said to be the squadron's "Watchvark," guarding against intruders from other squadrons.

VF-114's first cruise with the F-4 began in September 1962 as part of CVW-11 on board the USS *Kitty Hawk*. LT Felix E. Templeton, VF-114, flying an F-4B, made the ship's 16,000th trap, in Aircraft No. 401, on 17 Aug 1963.

### Vietnam War

Between 1963 and 1975, VF-114 made nine cruises to Vietnam and the Western Pacific, all aboard the USS *Kitty Hawk* as follows:

* From 17 October 1963 to 20 July 1964, VF-114 equipped with F-4Bs.
* From 19 October 1965 to 13 June 1966. On 2 December F-4B BuNo 152220 was lost over North Vietnam, both crewmen CDR C Austin and LTJG J Logan were killed in action, body not recovered. On 31 January F-4B BuNo 152233 was hit by antiaircraft fire over Laos, both crewmen ejected successfully and were rescued. On 5 March F-4B #152224 was hit by target debris over South Vietnam, both crewmen ejected successfully and were rescued. On 3 April, Lt. Felix Templeton of VF-114, flying an F4B Phantom, became Kitty Hawk's first triple Centurion by making his 300th arrested landing aboard ship. On 26 April F-4B BuNo 152255 was hit by target debris over North Vietnam, both crewmen ejected successfully and were rescued.
* From 5 November 1966 to 19 June 1967. On 20 December a squadron aircraft with an F-4B from VF-213 shot down two Vietnam People's Air Force (VPAF) Antonov An-2 with AIM-7 Sparrow missiles. On 19 January F-4B BuNo 153029 was lost and both crewmen were killed. On 6 April F-4B BuNo 152999 was lost, both crewmen ejected successfully and were rescued. On 24 April squadron aircraft shot down two VPAF MiG-17s with AIM-9 Sidewinder missiles, while one of the F-4Bs was hit by antiaircraft fire, both crewmen ejected successfully and were rescued. On 8 May F-4B suffered an engine loss on launch, the pilot ejected successfully and was rescued but the Radar Intercept Officer LTJG Thomas Steimer was killed in action, body not recovered. On 14 May F-4B BuNo 153001 was lost due to a defective Zuni rocket, both crewmen, LCDR C Southwick and LT D Rollins ejected successfully, were captured and released on 4 March 1973. On 19 May F-4B BuNo 153004 was hit by an SA-2, both crewmen, LT C Plumb and LCDR G Anderson ejected successfully, were captured and respectively released on 18 February and 4 March 1973. On 21 May F-4B BuNo 153040 was lost, both crewmen ejected successfully and were rescued.
* From 18 November 1967 to 28 June 1968. On 27 December F-4B BuNo 153005 was lost over North Vietnam, both crewmen LCDR L Lee and LTJG R Innes were killed, their remains were identified in July 1997. On 15 April F-4Bs BuNo 153002 and BuNo 153043 were lost in a mid-ar collision, all crewmen ejected successfully and were rescued. On 20 April F-4B BuNo 153003 was lost, both crewmen ejected successfully and were rescued.
* From 30 December 1968 to 4 September 1969. On 13 March F-4B BuNo 153018 was lost, both crewmen ejected successfully and were rescued.
* From 6 November 1970 to 17 July 1971, reequipped with F-4Js.
* From 17 February to 20 November 1972. On 14 April F-4J BuNo 157252 was hit by antiaircraft fire over South Vietnam, the pilot LTJG J Greenleaf was killed in action, body not recovered, while the remains of the Radar Intercept Officer LT C McKinney were identified in August 1985. On 6 May, squadron aircraft shot down 2 VPAF MiG-21s with AIM-9s. On 16 August F-4J BuNo 157262 was hit by an SA-2, both crewmen CDR J Pitzen and LT O Pender were killed and their remains were identified in November 1994.
* From 23 November 1973 to 9 July 1974.
* From 21 May to 15 December 1975.

### 1970s

On 15 December 1975, VF-114 transitioned to the Grumman F-14 Tomcat along with its sister squadron VF-213. This transition took a little more than a year and in October 1977 the squadron deployed with its F-14s for the first time, once again to the Western Pacific on the USS *Kitty Hawk* with CVW-11 and VF-213.

In March 1979, CVW-11 deployed aboard the USS *America* in a Mediterranean cruise, which was something of an oddity for a west coast-based carrier air wing, and a second cruise followed in 1981. On both these deployments VF-114 captured the Golden Tailhook award, which is given to the squadron that has the highest landing score for a cruise. VF-114 also won the west coast "High Noon" aerial gunnery competition and the "Mutha" trophy in 1982, which signified it as the best Pacific Fleet squadron.

### 1980s

After its two Mediterranean cruises, VF-114 returned to the Pacific Fleet in September 1982 aboard the USS *Enterprise*. During this cruise, VF-114 participated in one of the largest naval exercises since World War II when it joined up with the carrier groups of USS *Midway* and USS *Coral Sea* in the Northern Pacific for two weeks. After its return to NAS Miramar, VF-114 once again won the "High Noon" and "Mutha" trophies, the first time that an F-14 squadron had won both these awards two years in a row.

The squadron returned to sea on 30 May 1984, under the leadership of CDR Lyle "Ho Chi" Bien and returned home on 20 December. During the cruise, the squadron and the air wing participated in several exercises, such as the Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) exercise off of Hawaii and exercise Beacon Flash in the northern Philippines. Once again, the Aardvarks took part in yet another Fleet exercise in the Northern Pacific, this time with the carriers USS *Midway* and USS *Carl Vinson*.

In 1985, VF-114 conducted its Inter-Deployment Training Cycle (IDTC) at NAS Miramar in preparation for its next overseas deployment. During this period, in addition to regular at sea periods in the Southern California (SOCAL) Operational Area, the squadron also conducted extensive air combat training against other Navy squadrons as well as various United States Air Force fighter and United States Marine Corps fighter attack squadrons. On 24 January 1986, under the leadership of CDR Pat "Killa" Kilkenny, the squadron's next overseas deployment began on board USS *Enterprise* which ventured out to the Western Pacific, including stops at Pearl Harbor and Subic Bay in the Philippines. Continuing into the Indian Ocean, VF-114 often intercepted and shadowed Soviet and Indian aircraft. During this time, with operations against Libya by the National Command Authority taking center stage, the decision was made to move the Enterprise carrier battle group to the Mediterranean Sea. To do this, the battle group transited through the Suez Canal, making USS *Enterprise* the first nuclear powered aircraft carrier to do so. Upon arrival in the Gulf of Sidra and in the vicinity of the "Line of Death", so named by Libyan strongman Muammar al-Gaddafi, CVW-11 fighter and strike fighter aircraft flew combat air patrols for two months, although encounters with Libyan aircraft were rare. The carrier group made subsequent port visits to Naples and Toulon, and instead of returning through the Suez Canal, transited through the Strait of Gibraltar into the Atlantic, and then past the Cape of Good Hope before continuing on to Perth, Australia for another port visit before continuing across the Pacific to its home port at Naval Air Station Alameda.

1987 was devoted to training which included deployments to NAF El Centro, California and NAS Fallon, Nevada. VF-114 again won the "Mutha" trophy and also the Naval Air Force Pacific Fleet Battle "E" battle efficiency award as the top F-14 squadron in the Pacific Fleet. In January 1988, the squadron's next cruise began, a portion of which was spent in the Persian Gulf escorting reflagged tankers through March, April and May due to the ongoing tanker war. In April 1988, VF-114 participated in Operation Praying Mantis. By February 1989, the carrier had returned to port and VF-114 began a compressed turnaround schedule, due to its next cruise beginning in September 1989. Even with the restricted time period, VF-114 was able to fit in significant training, deploying to NAF El Centro for FFARP (Fleet Fighter ACM Readiness Program) and as part of the air wing to NAS Fallon. Once on board the USS *Enterprise*, an around-the-world cruise began as the battle group took part in exercises around the globe concurrent with the *Enterprise'*s transfer from the Pacific Fleet to the Atlantic Fleet and new homeport in Norfolk, Virginia. October saw VF-114 set a new flight record for an F-14 squadron, logging more than 811 hours in a single month. The end of this cruise saw the end of CVW-11's long attachment to the USS *Enterprise*, for its next cruise was to be on the Pacific Fleet's newest carrier, the USS *Abraham Lincoln*.

### 1990s

VF-114 arrived on board the USS *Abraham Lincoln* on 25 September 1990, while she was making her maiden voyage from Norfolk to Alameda, due to become her new home. The trip took six weeks and saw the carrier cruise round the tip of South America, arriving at her new home in late November 1990. The first long-term deployment on Lincoln began in the middle of 1991, during the early part of the cruise the carrier and air wing were involved in the evacuation of thousands of military personnel and dependents from the Philippine Islands in the wake of the Mount Pinatubo eruption. Once this was complete the *Lincoln* headed for the Persian Gulf.

Although the initial plans had been for the *Lincoln* to be among the first relief carriers for those involved in Operation 'Desert Storm', by the time of her arrival the conflict was over and VF-114, along with the rest of CVW-11, was redirected to conduct post-ceasefire combat air patrols.

Commanded by CDR J.R. Barnett with his exec, LCDR (CDR sel) J.S. Colvard, VF-114's final flight took place on 30 November 1992. Like almost half of the F-14 community following Operation 'Desert Storm', VF-114 was disestablished as part of post-Cold War reductions in Naval Aviation. VF-114 was officially disestablished in a final ceremony at NAS Miramar on 30 April 1993.

## InfoBox

| Fighter Squadron 114 | |
| --- | --- |
| VF-114 insignia | |
| Active | 20 January 1945 – 30 April 1993 |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | United States Navy |
| Type | Fighter squadron |
| Part of | Inactive |
| Nickname(s) | Aardvarks |
| Motto(s) | ΠΡΩΤΟΣ ΕΠΙΘΕΣΗ (*Prōtos epithesē*, Greek: "first in attack") |
| Mascot(s) | Zott |
| Engagements | **Korean War**
**Vietnam War**
**Operation Praying Mantis** |
| Aircraft flown | |
| Fighter | F6F Hellcat
F4U Corsair
F9F Panther
F2H Banshee
F3H Demon
F-4 Phantom II
F-14 Tomcat |


abstract: The Chandrapur–Padghe HVDC transmission system is an HVDC connection between Chandrapur and Padghe in the state of Maharashtra in India, which was put into service in 1999. It connects the coal-fired Chandrapur Super Thermal Power Station to the major load centre of Mumbai. The project has a 752 kilometres (467 mi) long bipolar overhead line. The transmission voltage is ±500 kV and the maximum transmission power is 1,500 megawatts. The scheme uses thyristor valves, arranged in a single twelve pulse bridge per pole. The project was built by ABB and BHEL, and is owned by Maharashtra State Electricity Board (MSEB). The eastern (Chandrapur) converter station is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the Chandrapur back to back HVDC station. The close proximity of the two converter stations meant that the control systems needed to be carefully coordinated, a task made more challenging by the fact that the two stations were built by different manufacturers. To address this problem a series of joint simulation studies, involving the control equipment from both converter stations connected to a common simulator, was performed.

text:
# Chandrapur–Padghe HVDC transmission system

The **Chandrapur–Padghe HVDC transmission system** is an HVDC connection between Chandrapur and Padghe (near Mumbai) in the state of Maharashtra in India, which was put into service in 1999.

It connects the coal-fired Chandrapur Super Thermal Power Station to the major load centre of Mumbai. The project has a 752 kilometres (467 mi) long bipolar overhead line. The transmission voltage is ±500 kV and the maximum transmission power is 1,500 megawatts. The scheme uses thyristor valves, arranged in a single twelve pulse bridge per pole. The project was built by ABB and BHEL, and is owned by Maharashtra State Electricity Board (MSEB).

The eastern (Chandrapur) converter station is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the Chandrapur back to back HVDC station. The close proximity of the two converter stations meant that the control systems needed to be carefully coordinated, a task made more challenging by the fact that the two stations were built by different manufacturers. To address this problem a series of joint simulation studies, involving the control equipment from both converter stations connected to a common simulator, was performed.

## Sites

| Site | Coordinates |
| --- | --- |
| Chandrapur converter station | 20°00′36″N 79°17′06″E / 20.01000°N 79.28500°E / 20.01000; 79.28500 (Chandrapur-Padghe HVDC transmission system - Chandrapur converter station) |
| Padghe converter station | 19°21′26″N 73°11′18″E / 19.35722°N 73.18833°E / 19.35722; 73.18833 (Chandrapur-Padghe HVDC transmission system - Padghe converter station) |

## InfoBox

| Chandrapur–Padghe HVDC transmission system | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Country | India |
| State | Maharashtra |
| Coordinates | 20°00′36″N 79°17′06″E / 20.01000°N 79.28500°E / 20.01000; 79.28500 (Chandrapur-Padghe HVDC transmission system- Chandrapur converter station)<br>19°21′26″N 73°11′18″E / 19.35722°N 73.18833°E / 19.35722; 73.18833 (Chandrapur-Padghe HVDC transmission system- Padghe converter station) |
| From | Chandrapur |
| To | Padghe, near Mumbai |
| Ownership information | |
| Owner | Maharashtra State Electricity Board |
| Construction information | |
| Installer of substations | ABB, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited |
| Commissioned | 1999 |
| Technical information | |
| Type | overhead line |
| Type of current | HVDC |
| Total length | 752 km (467 mi) |
| Power rating | 1,500 MW |
| DC voltage | ±500 kV |
| No. of poles | 2 |


title: Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971

abstract:
The Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971 is a United Kingdom act of Parliament. It incorporates into English Law the Hague-Visby Rules which are to be found as the Schedule to the Act. The Act does not use the term "Hague-Visby Rules" as such; instead, the Rules are referred to in that Act as the "Hague Rules As Amended". Under Article X, the Rules apply if:
  - (a) the bill of lading is issued in a contracting State, or
  - (b) the carriage is from a port in a contracting State, or
  - (c) the contract provides that (the) Rules... are to govern the contract". If the Rules apply, the entire text of Rules is incorporated into the contract of carriage as a "statutory contract", and any attempt to exclude the Rules is void under Article III (8). Section 3 of the Act provides that there is no strict duty to provide a seaworthy ship. Under the Rules, the carrier must merely exercise due diligence, before and at the start of the voyage, to provide a seaworthy ship. The Hague-Visby Rules were amended by a protocol in 1979, but not all signatories to the Rules have adopted the amendments.

text:
# Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971

The **Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971** (c. 19) is a United Kingdom act of Parliament. It incorporates into English Law the Hague-Visby Rules which are to be found as the Schedule to the Act. The Act does not use the term "Hague-Visby Rules" as such; instead, the Rules are referred to in that Act as the *"Hague Rules As Amended"*.

Under Article X, the Rules apply if:

(a) the bill of lading is issued in a contracting State, or (b) the carriage is from a port in a contracting State, or (c) the contract (of carriage) provides that (the) Rules ... are to govern the contract".

If the Rules apply, the entire text of Rules is incorporated into the contract of carriage as a "statutory contract", and any attempt to exclude the Rules is void under Article III (8).

Section 3 of the Act provides that there is no strict (or absolute) duty to provide a seaworthy ship. Under the Rules, the carrier must merely *exercise due diligence*, before and at the start of the voyage, to provide a seaworthy ship.

The Hague-Visby Rules were amended by a protocol in 1979, but not all signatories to the Rules have adopted the amendments.

## Additional UK provisions

Although Article I(c) of the Rules exempts **live animals** and **deck cargo**, section 1(7) of the Act permits parties to opt in to the Rules when the goods in the bill of lading are **deck cargo** or **live animals**. In which case, Article I(c) will be read as if it did not exist.

Also, although Article III(4) declares a bill of lading to be a mere *prima facie* evidence of the receipt by the carrier of the goods", section 4 of the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992 upgrades a bill of lading to be "*conclusive* evidence of receipt", thereby annulling the decision in *Grant v Norway* 1851.

## Note

The Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 does NOT apply to contracts for the carriage of goods by sea.

## InfoBox

Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971
| Act of Parliament | |
| --- | --- |
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | |
| Long title | An Act to amend the law with respect to the carriage of goods by sea. |
| Citation | 1971 c. 19 |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 8 April 1971 |
| Status: Current legislation | |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
| Text of the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk. | |


title: Raymond Cannon (actor)

abstract: Raymond Cannon was an American actor, film director, screenwriter, journalist, and author known for his work with D. W. Griffith and Buster Keaton.

text:
# Raymond Cannon (actor)

**Raymond Cannon** (born **Ulises Tildmann Cannon**; September 1, 1892 – June 7, 1977) was an American actor, film director, screenwriter, journalist, and author known for his work with D. W. Griffith and Buster Keaton.

## Background

Ulises Tillman Cannon was born September 1, 1892, in Long Hollow, Tennessee, to Newton Cannon and Sarah Lincoln Bolinger. In 1910 he was working at a soda fountain in Knoxville, but after leaving divinity school, he moved west, performing in vaudeville and working as a journalist in Dallas and Fort Worth. In April 1918, Cannon became a journalist for Elmer M. Robbins' weekly magazine *Camera! The Digest of the Motion Picture Industry*. E.M. Robbins died in 1920 and Cannon bought the magazine in 1921, co-publishing it with Lola B Robbins until he sold his interest in 1922. On February 19, 1929, Cannon married Fanchon Royer, an actress-turned-journalist who began as society editor, then assistant editor, and then editor at *Camera!* until leaving it in 1922. She and Cannon divorced in 1931.

## Career

When Cannon reached Los Angeles in the early 1910s, he was using the name Raymond and his first acting job was in Long Beach in 1912 performing at the Bentley Grand Theater. He then found work in films with the Thomas Ince Company. His first film role was in the Selig Polyscope serial *The Adventures of Kathlyn* in 1913. Cannon worked for D. W. Griffith and appeared in several Dorothy Gish films. When Griffith moved his productions to Mamaroneck, New York, Cannon remained in Los Angeles as a freelancer working with Douglas MacLean. In 1924, Cannon left acting and began screenwriting. In 1925, Cannon had been hired by Buster Keaton and co-wrote the 1925 film *Go West*, after which Keaton loaned him to Universal Studios and Cannon did not return. After numerous projects as film director and screenwriter, his last film effort was *Samurai* for Cavalcade Pictures in 1945, after which he turned his attentions to Los Angeles stage. One of his productions *Her Majesty the Prince*, starred Carla Laemmle.

Entering semi-retirement at the urging of his doctor, Cannon turned his attention to his hobby of sport fishing off the Baja coast. He subsequently wrote the books *How to Fish the Pacific Coast* (1952) and *The Sea of Cortez* (1965), as well as authoring a fishing column in *Western Outdoor News* for 24 years. Laemmle became his long-term typist, illustrator, researcher, and editor. He and Laemmle remained companions until his death in 1977 from complications resulting from treatment for lung cancer.

## Filmography

### Actor

### Director

### Screenwriter

## InfoBox

| Raymond Cannon | |
| --- | --- |
| Cannon in 1922 | |
| Born | Ulises Tildmann Cannon
(1892-09-01)September 1, 1892
Long Hollow, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Died | June 7, 1977(1977-06-07) (aged 84)
Hollywood, California, U.S. |
| Other names | Ray Cannon |
| Occupation(s) | Film actor
Film director
Screenwriter
Journalist
Author |
| Years active | 1913–1977 |
| Spouse | Fanchon Royer  (m. 1920; div. 1931) |
| Children | Royer
Elwood
Sandra |
| Parent(s) | Newton Cannon
Sarah Lincoln Bolinger |
| Relatives | Manual Cannon (brother)
Thornburg Cannon (brother) |


title: Shantinatha temple, Khajuraho

abstract: Shantinatha temple is a Jain temple located among the Jain temple cluster in eastern Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh, India. While its main deity is the Jain tirthankara Shantinatha, it includes 18 shrines with numerous Jain images. The temple has been classified as a Monument of National Importance by the Archaeological Survey of India. This temple is part of UNESCO World Heritage Site along with other temples in Khajuraho Group of Monuments, listed for their testimony to the Chandela dynasty and their outstanding art and architecture.

text:
# Shantinatha temple, Khajuraho

**Shantinatha temple** (IAST: Śāntinātha Mandir) is a Jain temple located among the Jain temple cluster in eastern Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh, India. While its main deity is the Jain tirthankara Shantinatha, it includes 18 shrines with numerous Jain images.

The temple has been classified as a Monument of National Importance by the Archaeological Survey of India. This temple is part of UNESCO World Heritage Site along with other temples in Khajuraho Group of Monuments, listed for their testimony to the Chandela dynasty and their outstanding art and architecture.

## History

The temple incorporates two Chandella period shrines, along with fragment of other Chandella period temples. The present structure may have been constructed in 1870 CE, when a Gajarath festival was organized by Kanchhedtilal Jain of Nagaur marking a renewal of the site accompanied by installations of new images, as indicated by the inscriptions.

The pedestal of the 12 foot Shantinath image in the Shantinatha temple bears an inscription dated Samvat 1085 (1027-28 CE) mentioning the installation by Chandradeva, the son of Thakur Devadhar. The inscription is now hidden under plaster. The original Shantinatha temple has been incorporated the 19th century structure, and is now the main centre of Jain worship in Khajuraho.

## Architecture

Although the present-day temple structure features modern renovations, the nucleus of the temple is quite old. It features an oblong enclosure of shrine cells depicting the older sculptures. The temple has a courtyard. Two sides of the structure incorporate Chandella period structures. The temple and the images installed thus span 10 centuries.

The present structure is a quadrangle, as many Jain temples of the nineteenth century are, with an open courtyard in the middle. The older stone structure and elements are clearly seen embedded in the 19th century masonry structure.

Shrine 1 in the center contains the ancient Shantinath image which is flanked by smaller images of all the 24 tirthankara. The doorway includes the conventional images of goddess Ganga and Yamuna, and there is notable image of the guardian deity Kshetrapala. The 18 shrines house numerous 11/12th century and 19th/20th century images. Some of the ancient images were brought here from ruined Jain temples in Fatehpur (near Hatta in damoh dist) and Bilahri in Katni district. One of the wings of the quadrangle serves as a gallery displaying historical photographs and prints from early 2oth century.

## Sculptures

The sanctum of the temple has a 4.3 m high statue of Shantinatha. There are several other old as well as new Jain statues in the temple. One of the sculpture appears to be a carving of Mahavira's parents, which is noted for its artistic execution.

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Shantinatha temple | |
| --- | --- |
| शान्तिनाथ मन्दिर | |
| Renovated Shantinatha temple | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Jainism |
| District | Chhatarpur |
| Deity | Shantinatha |
| Location | |
| Location | Khajuraho |
| State | Madhya Pradesh |
| Country | India |
| Location in Madhya Pradesh, IndiaShantinatha temple, Khajuraho (India) | |
| Geographic coordinates | 24°50′39″N 79°56′10″E / 24.844241°N 79.936022°E / 24.844241; 79.936022 |
| Architecture | |
| Date established | 11th century CE |
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
| *Official name: Khajuraho Group of Monuments* | |
| Criteria | Cultural: (i)(iii) |
| Designated | 1986 (session) |
| Reference no. | 240 |


title: Raman Arora

abstract: Raman Arora is an Indian politician and the MLA representing the Jalandhar Central Assembly constituency in the Punjab Legislative Assembly. He is a member of the Aam Aadmi Party.

text:
# Raman Arora

**Raman Arora** is an Indian politician and the MLA representing the Jalandhar Central Assembly constituency in the Punjab Legislative Assembly. He is a member of the Aam Aadmi Party.

## Member of Legislative Assembly

He represents the Jalandhar Central Assembly constituency as MLA in Punjab Assembly. The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly by winning 92 out of 117 seats in the 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election. MP Bhagwant Mann was sworn in as Chief Minister on 16 March 2022.

Committee assignments of Punjab Legislative Assembly

## Electoral Performance

--\>

2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election: Jalandhar Central
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **AAP** | **Raman Arora** | **33,011** | **31.30** |  |
|  | INC | Rajinder Beri | 32,764 | 31.0 | 0.30 |
|  | BJP | Manoranjan Kalia | 27,993 | 26.50 |  |
|  | SAD | Chandan Kumar Grewal | 10,907 | 10.30 |  |
| Majority | | | 247 | 0.23 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,06,554 | 61.1 |  |
|  | AAP **gain** from INC | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Raman Arora | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| MLA, Punjab Legislative Assembly | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office** <br>2022 | |
| Constituency | Jalandhar Central |
| Majority | Aam Aadmi Party |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Aam Aadmi Party |
| Residence | Punjab |
|  | |


title: Lainie Marsh

abstract: Lainie Marsh is an American singer-songwriter. She grew up in West Virginia, attended the Berklee College of Music in Boston, and moved to Nashville in 1989. Her songs have been recorded by Emmylou Harris and Cerys Matthews, as well as featured on National Public Radio. In 2009, Marsh released her debut album, The Hills Will Cradle Thee.

text:
# Lainie Marsh

**Lainie Marsh** is an American singer-songwriter. She grew up in West Virginia, attended the Berklee College of Music in Boston, and moved to Nashville in 1989.

Her songs have been recorded by Emmylou Harris and Cerys Matthews, as well as featured on National Public Radio. In 2009, Marsh released her debut album, *The Hills Will Cradle Thee*.

## InfoBox

| Lainie Marsh | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Marsha Elaine Williams |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation(s) | Singer-songwriter, playwright |


title: Daren Brown

abstract: Daren Dwayne Brown is an American professional baseball manager, who spent much of the 2013 season as the third base coach of the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball (MLB). The son of big leaguer Paul Brown and nephew of Jackie Brown, Daren Brown was a pitcher in the Toronto Blue Jays minor league system from 1989 to 1993, and with the Amarillo Dillas of the independent Texas–Louisiana League from 1994 to 1999. He worked as a player-coach and player-manager during his time with the Dillas. Since 2000, Brown has been a manager in the Mariners minor league system, and managed the Tacoma Rainiers since 2007 except for a brief stint as interim manager of the Mariners during the 2010 season, along with serving as interim third-base coach of the Mariners in 2013 after Jeff Datz announced that he was diagnosed with cancer.

text:
# Daren Brown

**Daren Dwayne Brown** (born June 13, 1967) is an American professional baseball manager, who spent much of the 2013 season as the third base coach of the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball (MLB).

The son of big leaguer Paul Brown and nephew of Jackie Brown, Daren Brown was a pitcher in the Toronto Blue Jays minor league system from 1989 to 1993, and with the Amarillo Dillas of the independent Texas–Louisiana League from 1994 to 1999. He worked as a player-coach and player-manager during his time with the Dillas. Since 2000, Brown has been a manager in the Mariners minor league system, and managed the Tacoma Rainiers since 2007 except for a brief stint as interim manager of the Mariners during the 2010 season, along with serving as interim third-base coach of the Mariners in 2013 after Jeff Datz announced that he was diagnosed with cancer.

## Professional career

### Playing career

Brown pitched for Southeastern Oklahoma State University wrapping up his playing career with the Savages in 1989.

The son of big leaguer Paul Brown and nephew of Jackie Brown, Brown was drafted as a pitcher in the 29th round of the 1989 amateur draft by the Toronto Blue Jays and pitched in their chain for four years. From 1995 to 1999 he pitched for the independent league Amarillo Dillas. He was the Texas–Louisiana League Pitcher of the Year in 1995, 1997, and 1998, and made the league's all-star team from 1995 to 1998.

### Coaching career

During Brown's time in Amarillo he also served as the team's pitching coach from 1994 to 1997 and was the club's manager from 1998 to 2000, compiling a 203–77 (.725) record which included winning the Texas–Louisiana League Championship in 1999. He was named the Texas–Louisiana League Manager of the Year in 1999.

Since 2001, Brown has worked in the Seattle Mariners organization. His first job with the Mariners was manager of the club's single-A affiliate, the San Bernardino Stampede. He helped San Bernardino reach the postseason in 2001 with a 43–27 second-half record, tops in the South Division, but fell in the first round of the playoffs. Brown led club to 77–63 overall record in 2002 and first-place finish in the first half of the season. In 2003 Brown led the Mariners' Class A affiliate, the Wisconsin Timber Rattlers to a 69–66 record in 2003. Wisconsin earned a playoff berth with a 38–28 first half and finished second in the division. The Timber Rattlers lost in the first round of the post-season. He spent 2004–2005 as manager of the Inland Empire 66ers. Led them to a 77–63 record and was the only team in Mariners organization to play in the postseason in 2004. In 2006 Brown managed the San Antonio Missions.

Since 2007, Brown has managed the Seattle Mariners Triple-A club, the Tacoma Rainiers. The Holdenville, Oklahoma native became the all-time leader in managerial wins in Tacoma franchise history last season when he notched his 376th victory with the Rainiers on May 28 vs. Tucson. He led the Rainiers to back-to-back divisional titles in 2009 and 2010, including winning the PCL Championship in 2010.

Brown was named the interim manager of the Seattle Mariners on August 9, 2010, after the team fired manager Don Wakamatsu, and by bringing in many players from Tacoma achieved a remarkable initial turnaround. In May 2013, Brown rejoined the Mariners wearing uniform (#52) as extra coach and to fill in as a third base coach when needed while Jeff Datz underwent cancer treatment.

Brown returned to Tacoma for the 2019 season, after serving in other capacities within Seattle's farm system. After managing the 2019 Rainiers to 61 wins, he is the all-time winningest manager in team history.

### Managerial record

*As of October 3, 2010*

| Team | From | To | Regular season record | | | Post–season record | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | W | L | Win % | W | L | Win % |
| Seattle Mariners | 2010 | 2010 | 19 | 31 | .380 |  | | |
| Total | | | 19 | 31 | .380 | 0 | 0 |  |
| Reference: | | | | | | | | |

## Personal

The name of Brown's wife is Cindy, and the couple have a home in Amarillo, Texas.

| Sporting positions | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
|
| Preceded byGlenn Wilson | **Amarillo Dillas manager**
1999–2000 | Succeeded byN/A |
|
| Preceded byDino Ebel | **San Bernardino Stampede manager**
2001–2002 | Succeeded byTeam ceased operations |
|
| Preceded byGary Thurman | **Wisconsin Timber Rattlers manager**
2003 | Succeeded bySteve Roadcap |
|
| Preceded bySteve Roadcap | **Inland Empire 66ers manager**
2004–2005 | Succeeded byGary Thurman |
|
| Preceded byDave Brundage | **San Antonio Missions manager**
2006 | Succeeded byRandy Ready |
|
| Preceded byDave Brundage
Jose Castro | **Tacoma Rainiers manager**
2007–2010
2011–2013 | Succeeded byJose Castro
John Stearns |
|
| Preceded byJeff Datz | **Seattle Mariners third base coach**
2013
Interim, May 3 – September 29 | Succeeded byJohn Stearns |

## InfoBox

| Daren Brown | |
| --- | --- |
| Brown in 2013 | |
| **Manager** | |
| **Born:**  (1967-06-13) June 13, 1967
Holdenville, Oklahoma, U.S. | |
| **Bats:** Right**Throws:** Right | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Games managed | 50 |
| Win–loss record | 19–31 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
| As manager As coach | |


title: CMIC Music Awards

abstract: The CMIC Music Awards, commonly abbreviated as CMA, is an annual music award show presented by China Audio-Video and Digital Publishing Association. Modelled after The Grammys and The BRIT Awards, CMIC Music Awards aim to create a more fair evaluation of music without influences from sponsors and focusing on artistry over entertainment. The 1st CMIC Music Awards ceremony was held on July 20, 2017.

text:
# CMIC Music Awards

The **CMIC Music Awards** (simplified Chinese: 唱工委音乐奖; traditional Chinese: 唱工委音樂獎), commonly abbreviated as **CMA**, is an annual music award show presented by China Audio-Video and Digital Publishing Association. Modelled after The Grammys and The BRIT Awards, CMIC Music Awards aim to create a more fair evaluation of music without influences from sponsors and focusing on artistry over entertainment.

The 1st CMIC Music Awards ceremony was held on July 20, 2017.

## Ceremonies

| Ceremony | Date | Venue | Location | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1st CMIC Music Awards | July 20, 2017 | M Space | Beijing |  |
| 2nd CMIC Music Awards | July 31, 2018 | Star Park | |  |
| 3rd CMIC Music Awards | July 31, 2019 | Star Park | |  |
| 4th & 5th CMIC Music Awards | January 26, 2022 | Online | Online |  |

## Categories

## InfoBox

| CMIC Music Awards | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | China |
| Presented by | China Audio-Video and Digital Publishing Association |
| First awarded | July 20, 2017 (2017-07-20) |
| Last awarded | January 26, 2022 (2022-01-26) |
| Website | Official website |


title: Jonathan Greenert

abstract: Jonathan William Greenert is a former United States Navy admiral who served as the 30th Chief of Naval Operations from September 23, 2011, to September 18, 2015. He previously served as the 36th Vice Chief of Naval Operations from August 13, 2009, to August 22, 2011. Prior to that, he served as Commander, U.S. Fleet Forces Command from September 29, 2007, to July 29, 2009, deputy chief of Naval Operations for Integration of Capabilities and Resources from September 2006 to September 2007, and commander of U.S. Seventh Fleet from August 2004 to September 2006. He retired from the navy after over 40 years of service. In March 2016, the National Bureau of Asian Research announced that Greenert would become the third holder of the John M. Shalikashvili Chair in National Security Studies at NBR. In April 2016, Greenert was appointed to the board of directors for BAE Systems for a three-year term.

text:
# Jonathan Greenert

**Jonathan William Greenert** (born May 15, 1953) is a former United States Navy admiral who served as the 30th Chief of Naval Operations from September 23, 2011, to September 18, 2015. He previously served as the 36th Vice Chief of Naval Operations from August 13, 2009, to August 22, 2011. Prior to that, he served as Commander, U.S. Fleet Forces Command from September 29, 2007, to July 29, 2009, deputy chief of Naval Operations for Integration of Capabilities and Resources from September 2006 to September 2007, and commander of U.S. Seventh Fleet from August 2004 to September 2006. He retired from the navy after over 40 years of service. In March 2016, the National Bureau of Asian Research announced that Greenert would become the third holder of the John M. Shalikashvili Chair in National Security Studies (Shali Chair) at NBR. In April 2016, Greenert was appointed to the board of directors for BAE Systems for a three-year term.

## Early life and education

Born in the Pittsburgh suburb of Butler, Pennsylvania, on May 15, 1953, Greenert attended Butler Catholic School and Butler Senior High School. While in high school, he participated in Pennsylvania Keystone Boys State, an American Legion leadership program. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1975 with a Bachelor of Science degree in ocean engineering and completed studies in nuclear power for service as a submarine officer.

Greenert's career as a submariner included assignments on board USS *Flying Fish* as electrical material officer, USS *Tautog* as electrical/operations officer, and submarine *NR-1* as engineer officer. He served as executive officer of USS *Michigan*'s Gold Crew before taking command of USS *Honolulu* in March 1991. In 1992, he was awarded the Vice Admiral James Bond Stockdale Award for Inspirational Leadership by the commander of United States Pacific Fleet.

Following his command at sea, Greenert served as commander of Submarine Squadron 11, and Commander, Submarine Forces Pacific (COMSUBPAC) Representative West Coast from July 1996 to June 1997.

### Flag assignments

In July 1997, Greenert reported as chief of staff for Commander, United States Seventh Fleet, in Yokosuka, Japan. During his tour in Japan, he was selected for flag rank and subsequently served as commander of United States Pacific Command, representative to Micronesia/Commander, U.S. Naval Forces, Marianas, from October 1998 through December 1999. On August 6, 2004, Greenert assumed command of Seventh Fleet.

Greenert's shore assignments include tours as COMSUBPAC staff fire control officer, program analyst for Office of the Chief of Naval Operations and the Chief of Naval Operations Strategic Studies Group and head of Navy Program Planning and Development Branch for the Chief of Naval Operations Staff in Washington, D.C. He served as director of the Operations Division in the Navy Comptroller Office from January 2000 through August 2002, and as deputy and chief of staff of U.S. Pacific Fleet from August 2002 until July 2004.

On September 23, 2011, Greenert became the 30th Chief of Naval Operations, succeeding Admiral Gary Roughead.

## Post-retirement

On March 3, 2016, the National Bureau of Asian Research announced that Greenert would become the third holder of the John M. Shalikashvili Chair in National Security Studies (Shali Chair) at NBR. At NBR, Greenert brings to bear his years of experience in the U.S. Navy to help inform policy debates on critical issues pertaining to the Asia-Pacific through briefings of senior leaders, and research and writing.

The board chairman of Arlington-based BAE Systems Inc., Michael Chertoff, a former secretary of Homeland Security, announced on April 19, 2016, that retired Greenert was appointed to the board of directors for BAE Systems for a three-year term. "Admiral Greenert brings a wealth of knowledge and expertise from a distinguished, 40-year career as a senior military officer and government leader," Chertoff said in a statement. "His experience in management, operations, and strategic planning will be highly valuable, and I'm pleased to welcome him to the board."

## Awards and decorations

| Submarine Warfare insignia (Officer) | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Defense Distinguished Service Medal | | | | | |
| Navy Distinguished Service Medal with 1 silver award star | | Army Distinguished Service Medal | | Air Force Distinguished Service Medal | |
| Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal | | Defense Superior Service Medal | | Legion of Merit with 3 award stars | |
| Meritorious Service Medal with 1 award star | | Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal with 3 award stars | | Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal with 2 award stars | |
| Joint Meritorious Unit Award | | Navy Meritorious Unit Commendation with 2 bronze service stars | | Navy "E" Ribbon with Wreathed Battle E device | |
| Navy Expeditionary Medal with 1 service star | | National Defense Service Medal with 1 service star | | Global War on Terrorism Service Medal | |
| Korea Defense Service Medal | | Navy Sea Service Deployment Ribbon with 3 service stars | | Navy & Marine Corps Overseas Service Ribbon with 2 service stars | |
| Special Operations Service Ribbon | | Meritorious Service Medal (Military) (Singapore) May 13, 2013 | | Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (Japan) May 26, 2014 | |
| Commander of the Order of Naval Merit (Brazil) September 16, 2014 | | Grand Cross of the Order of Naval Merit Admiral Padilla (Colombia) January 18, 2015 | | Navy Expert Pistol Shot Medal | |
| Officer Deep Submergence insignia | | | | | |
| Silver SSBN Deterrent Patrol insignia with two gold stars | | | | | |
| Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge | | | | | |

## Family

Greenert is married to Darleen Greenert, who was the Sponsor for the pre-commissioning unit (PCU) USS *Hyman G. Rickover* (SSN-795), and christened the ship during a ceremony at General Dynamics Electric Boat shipyard facility in Groton, Connecticut, on 31 July 2021.

This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Navy

## InfoBox

| Jonathan Greenert | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1953-05-15) May 15, 1953
Butler, Pennsylvania, US |
| Service/branch | United States Navy |
| Years of service | 1975–2015 |
| Rank | Admiral |
| Commands | Chief of Naval Operations
Vice Chief of Naval Operations
United States Fleet Forces Command
United States Seventh Fleet
Submarine Squadron 11
United States Naval Forces Marianas
USS *Honolulu* |
| Awards | Defense Distinguished Service Medal
Navy Distinguished Service Medal (6)
Army Distinguished Service Medal
Air Force Distinguished Service Medal
Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal
Defense Superior Service Medal
Legion of Merit (4) |