title: Eliademy

abstract: Eliademy [əlɪaˈdəmi] was a free online classroom that allowed educators and students to create, share and manage online courses with real-time discussions and task management. Eliademy was based on Moodle, Bootstrap and other open source technologies. Eliademy was unveiled to public in February 2013 by CBTec. Eliademy was available in 32 languages.

text:
# Eliademy

**Eliademy** \[əlɪaˈdəmi\] was a free online classroom that allowed educators and students to create, share and manage online courses with real-time discussions and task management. Eliademy was based on Moodle (support import in Moodle format), Bootstrap and other open source technologies. Eliademy was unveiled to public in February 2013 by CBTec. Eliademy was available in 32 languages.

## History

CBTec was founded in Helsinki, Finland in 2012 by Sotiris Makrygiannis and Sergey Gerasimenko. Following Nokia announcement on choosing Windows Phone as primary OS for its phones, Sotiris Makrygiannis, at the time Director of Open Source Operations, left together with 16 MeeGo colleagues. Their last project in Nokia was award-winning Nokia N9.

Eliademy Android client (also compatible with Moodle LMS) is an open-source project available at GitHub. It was launched with support from Tekes – the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation. Eliademy is a part of Digile, Finland's initiative launched in order to create new disruptive digital service in the area of education.

In April 2014, Nordics VC company Inventure has completed an undisclosed seed investment in Eliademy. In June 2014, Eliademy launched a fully localized version in China.

Eliademy is based on the Open Source Moodle Virtual learning environment. The site is localized to more than 19 languages (including Latin), designed for mobile use.

## Recognition

Eliademy has been featured on TechCrunch. and in other sources. In June 2014, it was named by EdTech Europe as one of Europe's 20 fastest growing and most Innovative e-Learning companies. In February 2015 it was selected as Finalist for the 2015 Edison Awards in category "Living, Working and Learning" and received Gold Award during award ceremony in New York in April 2015.

## The end

Eliademy service discontinued December 2019 due to financial problems of CBTec.

CBTEC SEO Agency

## InfoBox

Eliademy
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type of site | Online education, e-learning |
| Owner | CBTec |
| URL | eliademy.com |
| Registration | Required |
| Users | 50000+ (April 2014) |
| Launched | February 11, 2013 (2013-02-11) |
| Current status | Offline |


title: Elisha Winn House

abstract: The Elisha Winn House is located at 908 Dacula Road near Dacula, Georgia, United States, 1.9 miles (3.1 km) north of Dacula city limits. The house, currently in Gwinnett County, was built in 1812, six years before the county was established. In 1809, Elisha Winn, Roger Pugh, and Elijah Pugh purchased 7,300 acres (30 km⁲) on the Apalachee River from a Jackson County tax collector. On December 15, 1818, the Elisha Winn house and the property became part of Gwinnett County. The house is the oldest surviving building in Gwinnett and probably the oldest building in metropolitan Atlanta.

text:
# Elisha Winn House

The **Elisha Winn House** is located at 908 Dacula Road near Dacula, Georgia, United States, 1.9 miles (3.1 km) north of Dacula city limits. The house, currently in Gwinnett County, was built in 1812, six years before the county was established. In 1809, Elisha Winn, Roger Pugh, and Elijah Pugh purchased 7,300 acres (30 km2) on the Apalachee River from a Jackson County tax collector. On December 15, 1818, the Elisha Winn house and the property became part of Gwinnett County. The house is the oldest surviving building in Gwinnett and probably the oldest building in metropolitan Atlanta.

## History

Being part of the newly formed county of Gwinnett, the Elisha Winn house gained historical significance. This is where much of the planning for the new county took place. Gwinnett county government functions were first carried out in the house and the backyard. Early sessions of the Superior Court (1819–1822), serving several other counties including Gwinnett County, were held in Winn's barn on the third floor. The first enslaved person sold in Gwinnett county was auctioned here, a six-year-old boy named Isham. The Inferior Court and the first county elections were held in the parlor of the Elisha Winn House. In 1819, Gwinnett County had a full slate of elected county officials. The first Gwinnett County jail was built on the property, the jail was a small barn in the backyard, which was demolished in August 1933. County executions also took place at this location, the first being Jack Winn, an enslaved person owned by Elisha Winn, who was tried and hung on property. Also, the first five judges of the Inferior Court, including Elisha Winn, were commissioned in February 1819. In 1820, the newly created Lawrenceville, became the permanent setting for the seat of government. A wooded courthouse was erected and the county government moved there. The Winn family moved to Lawrenceville in 1824 where Elisha Winn had a seat in the county government in the permanent setting of the Gwinnett County Court house.

## Elisha Winn

Elisha Winn was born in Lunenburg, Virginia in 1777, and died on March 4, 1842, and is buried in the old Lawrenceville cemetery. He was married to Judith Cochran and had 13 children. From 1815 to 1817, Winn was Justice of Inferior Court in Jackson County. From 1820 to 1825, he was an Inferior Court judge for Gwinnett County. He was a state senator for Georgia from Gwinnett during the 1830, 1833, and 1837 sessions.

## Other buildings onsite

* The original barn, which was used as Gwinnett County's first courthouse and jail, was torn down in 1945. The original timbers and lumber were used to build another barn. The second barn was wired for electricity in 1982, but completely collapsed in 1997. It was 32 feet (9.8 m) square and had two floors and an attic.
* Lawrenceville Jail is a log jail built in 1820s in Lawrenceville. It was donated in 1986 and was moved to the location of the original county jail, which was demolished in August 1933. The new jail is similar in size and construction to the original jail . The most famous individuals held in the original jail were the Moravian missionaries involved in Cherokee Nation v Georgia, including Samuel Worcester, while they were awaiting trial in Lawrenceville in 1831.
* The cotton house was donated to the historical society in 2001 and was moved to the Winn property in 2002.
* Walnut Grove School was a one-room school built in 1875. Original located on Highway 124 was moved to several other locations before being donated to the historical society in 1985 and placed in the backyard of the Winn house. The society restored the school to its 1875 appearance.
* Clack Blacksmith Shop was donated in 2000 by Donald S. Bickers, M.D. The building was built in 1910.
* The Outhouse was donated in 2001. A historical society member used the model of the original version to create a new outhouse made from original wood and some from the donated outhouse.

## Annual Elisha Winn Fair

There is an annual Elisha Winn fair on the first weekend of every October. The fair is sponsored by the Gwinnett Historical Society as a fundraiser to keep the house in good shape. October 6 and 7, 2012 will be the 34th annual fair and the 200th anniversary of the house.

The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and a Georgia Historic Marker is located at the site.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Elisha Winn House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Nearest city | Dacula, Georgia |
| Coordinates | 34°01′24″N 83°54′30″W / 34.02345°N 83.90821°W / 34.02345; -83.90821 |
| Built | 1812 |
| Architectural style | Plantation-Plain |
| NRHP reference No. | 79000728 |
| Added to NRHP | December 18, 1979 |


title: Pyrgulina epentromidea

abstract: Pyrgulina epentromidea is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

text:
# Pyrgulina epentromidea

***Pyrgulina epentromidea*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Red Sea, off Vietnam and in the Gulf of Thailand.

* Saurin, E. (1959). *Pyramidellidae de Nha-Trang (Viet-Nam).* Annales de la Faculté des Sciences de Saigon. (1959): 223–283, pl. 1–9.
* Saurin, E. (1961). *Pyramidellidae du Golfe de Thailande*. Annales de la Faculte des Sciences de Saigon. (1961): 231–266, pl. 1–5.

## InfoBox

| *Pyrgulina epentromidea* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Family: | Pyramidellidae |
| Genus: | *Pyrgulina* |
| Species: | ***P. epentromidea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pyrgulina epentromidea***<br>Melvill, 1899 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Chrysallida epentromidea* (Melvill, 1899) | |


title: Pyrgulina kampotensis

abstract: Pyrgulina kampotensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

text:
# Pyrgulina kampotensis

***Pyrgulina kampotensis*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Gulf of Thailand and Indian Ocean.

## InfoBox

| *Pyrgulina kampotensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Family: | Pyramidellidae |
| Genus: | *Pyrgulina* |
| Species: | ***P. kampotensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pyrgulina kampotensis***<br>Saurin, 1961 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Chrysallida (Pyrgulina) kampotensis* (Saurin, 1961) | |


title: Elizabeth Smith Middleton

abstract: Elizabeth Smith Middleton (1814–1898) was an English-born Canadian temperance worker who served as Provincial President of the Quebec Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). In recognition of her services, a hall, which bears her name, was erected to her memory as well as a drinking-fountain, with a suitable inscription, near the Saint-Louis Gate of Quebec City.

text:
# Elizabeth Smith Middleton

**Elizabeth Smith Middleton** (1814–1898) was an English-born Canadian temperance worker who served as Provincial President of the Quebec Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). In recognition of her services, a hall, which bears her name, was erected to her memory as well as a drinking-fountain, with a suitable inscription, near the Saint-Louis Gate of Quebec City.

## Early life and education

Elizabeth Smith born in Yorkshire, England, May 10, 1814. While still a child, she emigrated with her parents to Canada, the family residence being established at Trois-Rivières, in the province of Quebec, where she received a liberal education.

## Career

In 1882, a woman's auxiliary to the Temperance Union of Quebec was formed, of which Middleton was chosen president. In the following year. she became president of the newly formed Quebec City WCTU. During the same year, the awakening temperance sentiment throughout Quebec resulted in the organization of the provincial WCTU with Middleton as president. She traveled at large among the various municipalities of the province, lecturing and organizing year after year until 1888, when she declined reelection on account of failing health. She was then made honorary president, which position she continued to bold for the rest of her life. Middleton was also honored with a life membership in the World's WCTU.

## Personal life

On February 20, 1856, in Melbourne, Lower Canada she married Robert Middleton, of Berwick-upon-Tweed, editor of the *Quebec Gazette*, who was a widower with several children. Robert and Elizabeth had no children.

Elizabeth Smith Middleton died in the U.S. at Old Orchard Beach, Maine, August 4, 1898. In recognition of her valuable services, a hall and a drinking-fountain were erected in her memory in Quebec City.


title: Elisabeth Andreasson (album)

abstract: Elisabeth Andreasson is the 1985 self-titled studio album by Elisabeth Andreasson.

text:
# Elisabeth Andreasson (album)

***Elisabeth Andreasson*** is the 1985 self-titled studio album by Elisabeth Andreasson.

## Track listing

### Side A

1. "Stanna"
2. "Ängel i natt" (The Power of Love)
3. "Lätta vingar"
4. "Kom hem igen"
5. "Some Boys"
6. "Det kan aldrig bli du"

### Side B

1. "Tissel Tassel"
2. "We'll Make It" (duet with Jan Andreasson)
3. "Du bryr dig inte om"
4. "Is It Over"
5. "Vi passerar Gå"

## InfoBox

| Elisabeth Andreasson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Elisabeth Andreasson | |
| Released | November 1985 |
| Recorded | 1985 |
| Genre | Pop |
| Label | Mariann Grammofon |
| Producer | Leif Larson, Lennart Sjöholm, Radu Wouk |
| Elisabeth Andreasson chronology | |
| *Angel of the Morning*
(1985) ***Elisabeth Andreasson***
(1985) *Greatest Hits Vol 2.*
(1985) | |


title: Përparim, Elbasan

abstract: Përparim is a village and a former municipality in the Elbasan County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Peqin. The population at the 2011 census was 3,423. The municipal unit consists of the villages Galush, Lisnaj, Bicaj, Çaushaj, Përparim, Fatishe, Garunje e Madhë, Arven, Gjevur, Kodras, Lolaj, Katesh, Cobane and Urucaj.

text:
# Përparim, Elbasan

**Përparim** is a village and a former municipality in the Elbasan County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Peqin. The population at the 2011 census was 3,423. The municipal unit consists of the villages Galush, Lisnaj, Bicaj, Çaushaj, Përparim, Fatishe, Garunje e Madhë, Arven, Gjevur, Kodras, Lolaj, Katesh, Cobane and Urucaj.

1. "Law nr. 115/2014" (PDF) (in Albanian). pp. 6368–6369. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
2. 2011 census results Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine
3. "Population data on Elbasan County website". Archived from the original on 2019-04-02. Retrieved 2011-07-15.

## InfoBox

| Përparim | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipal unit | |
| Përparim | |
| Coordinates: 41°3′N 19°48′E / 41.050°N 19.800°E / 41.050; 19.800 | |
| Country | Albania |
| County | Elbasan |
| Municipality | Peqin |
| Population (2011) | |
| Municipal unit | 3,423 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Qu Hongji

abstract: Qu Hongji, style name Zijiu (子玖), and art name Zhi'an (止庵), was a politician of the Chinese Qing Dynasty who served in several ministerial positions, most notably being the first Minister of Foreign Affairs.

text:
# Qu Hongji

**Qu Hongji** (Chinese: 瞿鴻禨; 1850–1918), style name Zijiu (子玖), and art name Zhi'an (止庵), was a politician of the Chinese Qing Dynasty who served in several ministerial positions, most notably being the first Minister of Foreign Affairs.

## Biography

Qu Hongji was born in 1850 in a small town called Shanhua in the Changsha city area of Hunan Province. He passed the highest level of the Imperial Examinations (*jinshi*) in 1871 and went to the Hanlin Academy. During 1875 he took first place in the Daijiang Bachelor Examinations. He was promoted to Neige Bachelor in 1897, and organized Town Examinations of Fujian Province and Guangxi Province. He also supervised local government as Provincial Education Commissioner of Henan Province, Zhejiang Province and Sichuan Province. During the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Qu carried the Four Troops Assaults plan to the emperor. Then he followed the emperor's royal family when it went hunting in the west, and was raised to the position of the Minister of Work Department. Later when he returned to Beijing, he became Minister of the Military and Minister of Government Affairs. He changed the Imperial Examinations into discourses on politics, and added economy examinations. He simplified the Headquarters of All Countries Business Department into the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and became the first Minister of Foreign Affairs. He was also a member of the Grand Council. He followed the Dowager Empress Cixi’s imperial edict, and among other things proposed peace plans, was honoured by the Emperor with a gold jacket, and tutored the crown prince.

Qu Hongji was actively involved in the reform of the Imperial Examination system, and was a key proponent of the establishment of the Jinshi Bureau and reorganisation of the Hanlin Academy around 1901.

During the ‘New Political Affair’, government money was stolen by the ‘Building School, Commercial Intercourse and encourage Jobs’ organisation. Qu asked the Emperor to forbid this fraudulent group. During 1906, he worked with the Grand Secretary, to plan Provisional Constitutionalism, and nominated Ministers. During 1907 Cen Chunxuan, one of his allies, became Minister of Telecommunications, Cen took advantage of the Case of Yang Cuixi (a scandal involving the prince Zaizhen), and secretly impeached Zaizhen's father Prince Yikuang. Qu used 'Minister Slayer' Cen Chunxuan against his political enemy Yuan Shikai, which also made Prince Yikuang unhappy and he became jealous of Qu. The Empress Dowager Cixi was also becoming uncomfortable with Qu's blunt speaking and withdrew her support. Daijiang Bachelor Yun Yuding (惲毓鼎) impeached Qu for the reason that ‘Qu grasps authority to form a despotic government’, and the Emperor dismissed him from office and sent him back to his hometown. After the Revolution of 1911, Qu escaped to Shanghai, and he died there in 1918.

## Famous

Qu Hongji(瞿鸿禨) was famous not only because of his erudition, but also because his face looked like that of the Tongzhi Emperor, 10th emperor of Qing Dynasty who died in 1875.

## Publications of Authority

'Collections of Zhi An's Poems'《止庵诗文集》

'Annotations for Book of Han'《汉书笺识》

'Collections of Chaolan lou Library Poems'《超览楼诗稿》

'Handwriting by Duke Wenzhen of Qu'《瞿文慎公诗选遗墨》

‘Diary of Serving Henan Province and Fujian Province’《使豫, 使闽日记》

‘Love and Kindness History’《恩遇纪略》

'Old Anecdote History'《旧闻纪略》etc.

## Family

Son - Qu Xuanzhi (瞿宣治), Diplomat in Chinese Embassies to Switzerland and Netherlands, died in Marseille, France, in 1923.

Son - Qu Ruizhi(瞿兌之), Chinese historian, author and painter.

Grandson - Qu Tongzu (瞿同祖), Chinese modern historian, was famous for his investigations into History of Law and Social History.

Nephew - Qu Qiling (朱啟鈐), Chinese politician, businessman, Historical Architect.

## InfoBox

| Qu Hongji | |
| --- | --- |
| 瞿鴻禨 | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Grand Councilor | |
| **In office**
1901–1907 | |
| Assistant Grand Secretary | |
| **In office**
1906–1907 | |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
| **In office**
14 November 1901  17 June 1907 | |
| Monarch | Guangxu Emperor |
| Preceded by | Yikuang (as minister of Zongli Yamen) |
| Succeeded by | Lü Haihuan |
| Minister of Works | |
| **In office**
11 November 1900  14 November 1901Serving with Songgui | |
| Monarch | Guangxu Emperor |
| Preceded by | Chen Xuefen |
| Succeeded by | Zhang Baixi |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1850
Changsha, Hunan, Qing China |
| Died | 1918 (aged 6768)
Shanghai, Jiangsu, Republic of China |
| Education | *Jinshi* degree in the Imperial Examination |
|  | |


title: Elizabeth Abimbola Awoliyi

abstract: Chief Elizabeth Abimbola Awoliyi, was the first woman to practise as a physician in Nigeria. She was also the first West African woman to earn a license of Royal Surgeon in Dublin. In 1938, Elizabeth Awoliyi became the second West African woman to qualify as an orthodox-medicine trained physician after Agnes Yewande Savage who graduated from medical school in 1929. She was the second president of the National Council of Women's Societies of Nigeria from 1964 until her death in 1971.

text:
# Elizabeth Abimbola Awoliyi

Chief **Elizabeth Abimbola Awoliyi**, MBE, OFR (née  **Akerele**, 1910–14 September 1971) was the first woman to practise as a physician in Nigeria. She was also the first West African woman to earn a license of Royal Surgeon in Dublin. In 1938, Elizabeth Awoliyi became the second West African woman to qualify as an orthodox-medicine trained physician after Agnes Yewande Savage who graduated from medical school in 1929. She was the second president of the National Council of Women's Societies of Nigeria from 1964 until her death in 1971.

## Life

Elizabeth Abimbola Awoliyi was born in Lagos, southwestern part of Nigeria, to the Aguda family of David Evaristo and Rufina Akerele. She commenced her education at St. Mary's Catholic School, Lagos from where she proceeded to Queen's College, Lagos. Elizabeth Abimbola Awoliyi earned her medical degree in 1938 from Trinity College Dublin, Cafreys College. She graduated from Dublin with first class honors, including a medal in Medicine and distinction in Anatomy. She became the first West African woman to be awarded a licentiate of Royal Surgeon in Dublin. She was a member of the Royal College of Physicians (United Kingdom) and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecology and a Diplomate of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health.

Awoliyi returned to Nigeria and became a gynecologist and junior medical officer at the Massey Street Hospital Lagos. She later became a chief consultant and medical director at that hospital, holding the latter position from 1960 through 1969. In 1962, she was appointed as a senior specialist gynecologist and obstetrician by the Federal Ministry of Health.

Some of her awards are Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (MBE), Iya Abiye of Lagos, Iyalaje of Oyo Empire, and Nigerian National Honor – Officer of the Order of the Federal Republic (OFR).

The novel *Return to Life*, by her son Tunji Awoliyi, is dedicated to her.

Awoliyi is included as a "Nigerian Heroine of the 20th Century" in the book *Nigerian Heroes and Heroines: and other issues in citizenship education*, by Godwin Chukwuemeka Ezeh.

The Dr. Abimbola Awoliyi Memorial Hospital is located in Lagos Island, Lagos, Nigeria.

Awoliyi owned a 27-acre poultry and orange farm in Agege, Lagos, and became director of the commercial medical store in Lagos.

### NCWS

Awoliyi was the pioneer president of the Lagos branch of the National Council of Women's Societies (NCWS) and a member of the national committee of the organization and she contributed to their policies and activities. She negotiated for the gift of a national headquarters located at Tafawa Balewa Square and was a consultant to the organization's family planning clinic which later became the planned parenthood federation of Nigeria. She succeeded Kofo Ademola as the second president of the NCWS in 1964.

### Leadership and philanthropy

Source:

* She was the first president of the Holy Cross Parish Women Council at the Holy Cross Cathedral in Lagos
* Motherless Babies Home Governing Council
* Business and Professional Women's Association (president)
* Child Care Voluntary Association (President)
* Lagos Colony Red Cross
* National Council of Women's Societies (Also became the first President of the Lagos branch)

## Personal life

Elizabeth Abimbola Awoliyi was married to physician Dr. S. O. Awoliyi and had two children; a son and a daughter. Her husband died in 1965. Dr Elizabeth Abimbola Awoliyi died on 14 September 1971 at the age of 61.

## Awards and honours

* Ojewusi, Sola (1996). *Speaking for Nigerian women: (a history of the National Council of Women's Societies, Nigeria)*. Abuja: All State Pub. and Print. Co.

## InfoBox

| ChiefElizabeth Abimbola AwoliyiMBE, OFR | |
| --- | --- |
| Awoliyi in the 1940s-50s | |
| Born | Elizabeth Abimbola Akerele
1910
Lagos, Nigeria |
| Died | 14 September 1971(1971-09-14) (aged 60–61) |
| Nationality | Nigerian |
| Citizenship | Nigeria |
| Alma mater |  |
| Occupation | Physician |
| Known for |  |
| Spouse | S. O. Awoliyi |
| Children | 2 |


title: Elizabeth A. Winzeler

abstract: Elizabeth Ann Winzeler is an American microbiologist and geneticist. She is a professor in the Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics of the School of Medicine at the University of California at San Diego. Although she works in a variety of different disease areas, most research focuses on developing better medicines for the treatment and eradication of malaria.

text:
# Elizabeth A. Winzeler

**Elizabeth Ann Winzeler** is an American microbiologist and geneticist. She is a professor in the Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics of the School of Medicine at the University of California at San Diego. Although she works in a variety of different disease areas, most research focuses on developing better medicines for the treatment and eradication of malaria.

## Early life and education

Winzeler is the daughter of anthropologist, Robert L. Winzeler. She grew up in Reno, Nevada, and attended Lewis and Clark College in Portland, Oregon. She received her B.A. in Natural Sciences and Art in 1984. After college, she worked as a professional programmer and systems analyst for four years before moving to Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon to earn a M.S. in Biophysics and Biochemistry. In 1996, she was awarded a Ph.D. from Stanford University in Developmental Biology for her studies on *Caulobacter crescentus* with Lucy Shapiro. She stayed at Stanford for postdoctoral work with Ronald W. Davis. At Stanford she played a leading role in developing seminal post-genome analysis methods in *Saccharomyces cerevisiae*.

## Career

In 1999, Winzeler was recruited by Peter G. Schultz to the newly established Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation. In 2000, she obtained a secondary position as an assistant professor in the Department of Cell Biology at Scripps Research. In 2012, she moved to the University of California, San Diego where she is currently a professor in the Department of Pediatrics and director of Translational Research at the UCSD Health Sciences Center for Immunity, Infection, and Inflammation. She is a member of the Division of Host Microbe Systems and Therapeutics and the Institute for Genomic Medicine.

## Research

While she was still at Stanford University, she began working at the interface of genetics and informatics in the new field of functional genomics. After establishing her own lab, she began applying the powerful, high throughput methods that worked well in yeast to organisms that were both more medically relevant and experimentally-challenging, namely the protozoan Plasmodium parasites that cause human malaria. She showed that malaria parasites produce coordinated sets of gene messages as they progress through their complex lifecycle and developed methods for studying parasite genetic variation and genome evolution especially in relationship to the emergence of drug resistance. She is also known for developing phenotypic screening methods as well as contributions to drug development and Open Source Drug Discovery. Her group has developed screening methods that have led to the discovery of several new antimalarial chemotypes, two of which have been developed into clinical candidates. These include Ganaplacide (KAF156) and Cipargamin (KAE609). In addition, her lab discovered the targets of a variety of antimalarial compounds, including PfATP4, and Pf1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase. In 2017 she became director of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Malaria Drug Accelerator (MALDA), an international consortium that seeks to develop better treatments for malaria. She is a member of the governing board of the Tres Cantos Open Lab Foundation.

## Awards and honors

## InfoBox

| Elizabeth Ann Winzeler | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1962-05-08)May 8, 1962<br>Canton, Ohio |
| Citizenship | USA |
| Education |  |
| Known for | Microbial genetics and genomics, drug design, drug resistance |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | microbiology molecular biology parasitology genetics drug discovery |
| Institutions | University of California, San Diego |
| Thesis | *Transcriptional analysis of the Caulobacter 4.5 S RNA ffs gene and the physiological basis of an ffs mutant with a ts phenotype* (1996) |
| Doctoral advisor | Lucy Shapiro |
| Other academic advisors | Ronald W. Davis |
|  | |
| Website | winzeler.ucsd.edu |


title: Elizabeth Rockefeller Strong

abstract: Elizabeth "Bessie" Rockefeller was the eldest child of Standard Oil co-founder John Davison Rockefeller (1839–1937) and school teacher Laura Celestia "Cettie" Spelman (1839–1915).

text:
# Elizabeth Rockefeller Strong

**Elizabeth "Bessie" Rockefeller** (August 23, 1866 – November 14, 1906) was the eldest child of Standard Oil co-founder John Davison Rockefeller (18391937) and school teacher Laura Celestia "Cettie" Spelman (18391915).

## Early life and education

Strong was born Elizabeth Rockefeller on August 23, 1866, in Cleveland, Ohio, the eldest of five children, to John D. Rockefeller, co-founder of Standard Oil, and Laura Celestia Spelman Rockefeller. She attended Vassar College from 1886 to 1888 as special student. Strong Hall, the school's first dormitory, was named in her honor in 1893 by her father who contributed $35,000 toward the expense of the construction.

## Personal life

On March 22, 1889, she married philosopher and psychologist Charles Augustus Strong and had one daughter:

They were residents of Lakewood, New Jersey. She died in Cannes, France on November 14, 1906, at age 40.

## Further reading

* Chernow, Ron. *Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller Sr.* London: Warner Books, 1998.
* Stasz, Clarice. *The Rockefeller Women: Dynasty of Piety, Privacy, and Service*. New York: St. Martins Press. (1995).

## InfoBox

| Elizabeth Rockefeller Strong | |
| --- | --- |
| Rockefeller Strong c.1889 | |
| Born | Elizabeth A. Rockefeller
(1866-08-23)August 23, 1866
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. |
| Died | November 14, 1906(1906-11-14) (aged 40)
Cannes, France |
| Alma mater | Vassar College |
| Spouse | Charles Augustus Strong  (m. 1889) |
| Children | 2, including Margaret Rockefeller Strong |
| Parent(s) | John D. Rockefeller
Laura Spelman Rockefeller |
| Relatives | Rockefeller family |


title: Quadrant Private Equity

abstract: Quadrant Private Equity is an Australian private equity investment firm based in Sydney, Australia. The company was founded as Quadrant Capital in 1996 by Chris Hadley. By 2022, the Managing Partner was Jonathan Pearce. Quadrant hosts multiple investment funds which invest in businesses across a wide array of industries and sectors, specifically targeting management buyouts and growth capital transactions. The first three Quadrant funds delivered a collective 37% return between 1996 and 2006. The firm has owned or co-owned a number of well-known Australian companies including, Affinity Education, Barbeques Galore, Darrell Lea, Journey Beyond, Fitness First, and Timezone. Quadrant is Australia's largest fitness centre operator through acquisitions of brands including Fitness First, Jetts Fitness and GoodLife Fitness. Quadrant has floated a number of its interests on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) including Kathmandu, Virtus Health, Isentia, APN Outdoor, Bapcor and Estia Health.

text:
# Quadrant Private Equity

**Quadrant Private Equity** (also simply known as **Quadrant**) is an Australian private equity investment firm based in Sydney, Australia. The company was founded as Quadrant Capital in 1996 by Chris Hadley. By 2022, the Managing Partner was Jonathan Pearce.

Quadrant hosts multiple investment funds which invest in businesses across a wide array of industries and sectors, specifically targeting management buyouts and growth capital transactions. The first three Quadrant funds delivered a collective 37% return between 1996 and 2006.

The firm has owned or co-owned a number of well-known Australian companies including, Affinity Education, Barbeques Galore, Darrell Lea, Journey Beyond, Fitness First, and Timezone.

Quadrant is Australia's largest fitness centre operator through acquisitions of brands including Fitness First, Jetts Fitness and GoodLife Fitness. Quadrant has floated a number of its interests on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) including Kathmandu, Virtus Health, Isentia, APN Outdoor, Bapcor (previously Burson Auto Parts) and Estia Health.

## Notable investments

Quadrant bought Kathmandu Holdings in 2006 for NZ$275 million, floating the company on the ASX three years later for around AU$350 million.

In 2007, Quadrant acquired Australian-owned fast food restaurants Red Rooster, Chicken Treat and Oporto in deals collectively worth A$240 million, forming Quick Service Restaurant Holdings (renamed in 2017 as Craveable Brands). The group of 620 stores was sold in 2011 to Archer Capital for A$450 million.

Quadrant purchased a half-stake in advertising company APN Outdoor in 2011, before acquiring the remaining stake from APN News & Media in 2013 for around A$70 million. It was listed on the ASX in 2014.

In 2012, Quadrant and Ironbridge Capital formed BBQSAM Holdings after acquiring retailers Barbeques Galore and Amart Furniture.

Quadrant purchased Zip Industries in 2013 from its founder, and after abandoning an IPO offloaded the company to Culligan in 2017 for around US$550 million.

In 2014, Quadrant purchased a 45% stake in Canberra Data Centres for A$140 million, selling the businesses two years later. The deal was recognised with an award from The Australian Private Equity and Venture Capital Association Limited (AVCAL).

In 2015, Quadrant purchased Queensland-based pet food company VIP Pet Foods for A$410 million. After renaming the company The Real Pet Food Company, Quadrant sold the business to a foreign consortium including Singapore's Temasek Holdings and Chinese firms Hosen Capital and New Hope Group for A$1 billion in 2017.

In 2016, Quadrant acquired restaurants owned by chef Neil Perry through its Urban Purveyor Group for a reported A$65 million, creating the Rockpool Dining Group. Quadrant acquired a majority stake in Great Southern Rail in 2016, operator of the *Indian Pacific* and *The Ghan* train journeys, folding the company into its investments in Cruise Whitsundays and Rottnest Express to form tourism company **Experience Australia Group**.

Also in 2016, Quadrant Private Equity formed **Fitness and Lifestyle Group**, after purchasing Jetts Fitness, Goodlife Health Clubs, Hypoxi and the Australian arm of Fitness First, becoming the largest operator of fitness centres in Australia. The holding company is partially-owned by Oaktree Capital Management. Queensland-based Go Health Clubs were added in 2017. The Australian arm of Jetts Fitness was divested in 2022, retaining the international Jetts brand.

In 2017, Quadrant acquired a partial stake in gaming arcade company Timezone.

In 2017, Quadrant sold their majority share of Icon Group, Australia's largest oncology provider, in a reported $1.1 billion deal.

Quadrant purchased an 80-90% stake in confectionary company Darrell Lea in 2018 in a deal worth around A$200 million.

In 2019, Quadrant bought auction business Grays Online for A$60 million from Eclipx Group.

In 2020, Quadrant bought the Enterprise business from Arq Group as part of a consortium for A$35 million.

Quadrant acquired Jaybro, a supplier to the construction and infrastructure sector operating in Australia and New Zealand, in March 2022.

## Funds

Quadrant Private Equity has operated a total of 9 individual funds.

| Fund | Years active | Capital ($m) | No. of investments |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Quadrant Capital Fund No. 1 | 1996-2007 | $50 | 16 |
| Quadrant Capital Fund No. 2 | 1998-2008 | $75 | 13 |
| Quadrant Capital Fund No. 3 | 2001-2009 | $125 | 7 |
| Quadrant Private Equity No. 1 | 2005-2015 | $265 | 7 |
| Quadrant Private Equity No. 2 | 2007-2017 | $500 | 5 |
| Quadrant Private Equity No. 3 | 2010-2020 | $750 | 7 |
| Quadrant Private Equity No. 4 | 2014-2024 | $850 | 7 |
| Quadrant Private Equity No. 5 | 2016-2026 | $980 | 5 |
| Quadrant Private Equity No. 6 | 2017-2027 | $1,150 | 1 |
|

## InfoBox

Quadrant Private Equity
|
|  |
| Formerly | Quadrant Capital |
| Company type | Proprietary limited company |
| Industry | Private Equity |
| Founded | 1996 (1996) |
| Founder | Chris Hadley |
| Headquarters | Sydney, Australia |
| Products | Private equity funds |
| Website | quadrantpe.com.au |


title: Eloyi Christian Church

abstract:
The Eloyi Christian Church was founded by Archbishop Jakoba Keiphile -a-Seduma in 1955 in the small village of Tsetsebjwe, to the southeast of Selebi Phikwe in Botswana. The Church has since spread across Botswana and into neighboring countries like South Africa and Zimbabwe. It has attracted much attention for its dramatic scenes and exorcisms of demons. The church began to expand in 2005 after Jakoba grew old and handed over responsibility to his children. As of 2005 the church was based in the north part of Botswana.
In early 2005 church members hunted and dismembered a snake that they said was terrorizing a Tlokweng family.
During the 2005-2007 period the church gained a large amount of media coverage due to the dramatic exorcisms of demons practiced during its services.
The church revives traditional Tswana practices in an Old Testament and new form. By the end of 2022 the church had around 150,000 members in branches throughout Botswana, Zimbabwe and in South Africa. It has more than 170 branches currently. The church has its origins in the American revivalist movement of the late nineteenth century.
The church baptises its members with full immersion in Jordan. The church is the subject of the 56-minute documentary film Encountering Eloyi (2008) directed by Richard Werbner. The film tells of a childless couple who have tried both traditional medicine and Western hospitals without success. The woman turns to the church to be healed of her barrenness. In August 2021 the Church founder archbishop, Jakoba Keiphile -a-Seduma, died at the age of 93. His son Bishop Sekai Jakoba was then chosen as an archbishop to lead the church in April 2022 at the age of 60.

text:
# Eloyi Christian Church

The Eloyi Christian Church was founded by Archbishop Jakoba Keiphile -a-Seduma in 1955 in the small village of Tsetsebjwe, to the southeast of Selebi Phikwe in Botswana. The Church has since spread across Botswana and into neighboring countries like South Africa and Zimbabwe. It has attracted much attention for its dramatic scenes and exorcisms of demons.

The church began to expand in 2005 after Jakoba grew old and handed over responsibility to his children. As of 2005 the church was based in the north part of Botswana. In early 2005 church members hunted and dismembered a snake that they said was terrorizing a Tlokweng family. During the 2005-2007 period the church gained a large amount of media coverage due to the dramatic exorcisms of demons practiced during its services. The church revives traditional Tswana practices in an Old Testament and new form.

By the end of 2022 the church had around 150,000 members in branches throughout Botswana, Zimbabwe and in South Africa. It has more than 170 branches currently.

The church has its origins in the American revivalist movement of the late nineteenth century. The church baptises its members with full immersion in Jordan.

The church is the subject of the 56-minute documentary film *Encountering Eloyi* (2008) directed by Richard Werbner. The film tells of a childless couple who have tried both traditional medicine and Western hospitals without success. The woman turns to the church to be healed of her barrenness.

In August 2021 the Church founder archbishop, Jakoba Keiphile -a-Seduma, died at the age of 93. His son Bishop Sekai Jakoba was then chosen as an archbishop to lead the church in April 2022 at the age of 60.

**Notes**

**Citations**

1. Setsiba 2005.
2. Mooketsi 2005.
3. Werbner 2011, p. 7.
4. Encountering Eloyi.
5. Werbner 2011, p. 8.

**Sources**

* "Encountering Eloyi". *The Royal Anthropological Institute*. Archived from the original on 24 December 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
* Mooketsi, Lekopanye (11 April 2005). "How the Eloyi Engine Rumbles". *Mmegi*. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
* Setsiba, Tuduetso (3 May 2005). "Eloyi Church of the Undaunted". *Mmegi*. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
* Werbner, Richard (1 April 2011). *Holy Hustlers, Schism, and Prophecy: Apostolic Reformation in Botswana*. University of California Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-520-94946-1. Retrieved 16 September 2012.

## InfoBox

| Eloyi Christian Church | |
| --- | --- |
| Classification | Apostolic |
| Moderator | Archbishop Sekai Jakoba (April 2022 to date) |
| Headquarters | Tsetsebjwe |
| Founder | Archbishop Jakoba Keiphile(1955 to August 2021) |
| Origin | 1955 <br>Tsetsebjwe, Botswana |
| Other name(s) | Eloyi |


title: Eloína Miyares Bermúdez

abstract: Eloina Miyares Bermudez was a Cuban linguist and academician. She led the creation of the Diccionario Básico Escolar from its first edition in 2005 until its fourth edition. The Diccionario Básico Escolar is one of the books with the greatest circulation in Cuba. With her husband, philologist Julio Vitelio Ruiz Hernández, she founded the Center for Applied Linguistics of Santiago de Cuba (CLA).

text:
# Eloína Miyares Bermúdez

**Eloina Miyares Bermudez** (1928  July 26, 2015) was a Cuban linguist and academician. She led the creation of the *Diccionario Básico Escolar* (DBE; Cuban basic school dictionary) from its first edition in 2005 until its fourth edition (digital in 2013 and paper in January 2015). The *Diccionario Básico Escolar* is one of the books with the greatest circulation in Cuba.

With her husband, philologist Julio Vitelio Ruiz Hernández, she founded the Center for Applied Linguistics of Santiago de Cuba (CLA).

## Biography

Eloina Miyares Bermudez studied at the Escuela Normal de Oriente, from which she graduated in 1947. She first served as a teacher of rural areas in the municipality of Palma Soriano, where she participated in the literacy campaign. She then studied at the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Santiago de Cuba, graduating with a degree in Letters. She taught at the university until 1972 when she became a researcher at the Center of Applied Linguistics of the Academy of Sciences. She studied acoustic phonetics at the Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences in Prague.

With her husband, Julio Vitelio Ruiz Hernández, she created a methodology for teachers and students to improve their pronunciation and spelling. The couple also founded the CLA in 1971.

Bermudez had at least seven sons, including Dr. Leonel Miyares Ruiz.

## Selected works

* 1998, *Diccionario escolar ilustrado*
* 1999, *Vacuna ortográfica VAL-CUBA : nivel primario : metodología para prevenir y erradicar las faltas de ortografía*
* 2000, *En torno al sustantivo y adjetivo en el español actual*
* 2003, *Diccionario básico escolar*
* 2006, *Léxico activo-funcional del escolar cubano*
* 2006, *Linguistics in the twenty first century*

## InfoBox

| Eloina Miyares Bermudez | |
| --- | --- |
| Eloina Miyares | |
| Born | 1928
Santiago de Cuba, Republic of Cuba |
| Died | 2015
Santiago de Cuba |


title: Queen's School of Environmental Studies

abstract: The Queen's School of Environmental Studies is a unit of the Faculty of Arts and Science at Queen's University at Kingston in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. The school offers an interdisciplinary approach to undergraduate and graduate studies dealing with the environment.

text:
# Queen's School of Environmental Studies

The **Queen's School of Environmental Studies** is a unit of the Faculty of Arts and Science at Queen's University at Kingston in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. The school offers an interdisciplinary approach to undergraduate and graduate studies dealing with the environment.

## InfoBox

School of Environmental Studies
| Type | School |
| --- | --- |
| Parent institution | Faculty of Arts and Science |
| Affiliation | Queen's University at Kingston |
| Director | Alice Hovorka |
| Academic staff | 12 |
| Location | Kingston, Ontario, Canada |
| Website | www.queensu.ca/ensc |


title: Ellipsoptera

abstract: Ellipsoptera is a genus in the beetle family Cicindelidae. There are about 13 described species in Ellipsoptera, found in North America.

text:
# Ellipsoptera

***Ellipsoptera*** is a genus in the beetle family Cicindelidae. There are about 13 described species in *Ellipsoptera*, found in North America.

## Species

These 13 species belong to the genus *Ellipsoptera*:

## InfoBox

| *Ellipsoptera* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Ellipsoptera hirtilabris* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cicindelidae |
| Tribe: | Cicindelini |
| Genus: | *Ellipsoptera*<br>Dokhtouroff, 1883 |
|


title: Ellipsoptera blanda

abstract: Ellipsoptera blanda, the sandbar tiger beetle, is a species of flashy tiger beetle in the family Cicindelidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Ellipsoptera blanda

***Ellipsoptera blanda***, the **sandbar tiger beetle**, is a species of flashy tiger beetle in the family Cicindelidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2017). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 1: Archostemata - Myxophaga - Adephaga*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-33029-0.

## InfoBox

| *Ellipsoptera blanda* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cicindelidae |
| Genus: | *Ellipsoptera* |
| Species: | ***E. blanda*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ellipsoptera blanda***<br>(Dejean, 1831) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cicindela blanda*  Dejean, 1831 | |


title: Quehanna Boot Camp

abstract: Quehanna Motivational Boot Camp is a mixed-sex six-month, military-style boot camp program operated by the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections in rural Clearfield County.

text:
# Quehanna Boot Camp

**Quehanna Motivational Boot Camp** is a mixed-sex six-month, military-style boot camp program operated by the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections in rural Clearfield County.

## The creation of Quehanna

Quehanna was created in the 1990s as the department's first boot camp, using both federal and state funds. The camp opened in June 1992, during the Robert P. Casey administration.

## The program

Inmates are assigned to the boot camp from their designated diagnostic centers (State Correctional Institution - Camp Hill or State Correctional Institution – Muncy), where they take a battery of strength tests. The program lasts six months, and involves intense physical activity and strict discipline. Vocational training and substance abuse counseling services, as well as counseling is provided. After successful completion of the program, the inmate is released on parole.

41°11′08″N 78°08′39″W / 41.18556°N 78.14417°W / 41.18556; -78.14417

## InfoBox

Quehanna Movational Boot Camp
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Karthaus Township, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania |
| Security class | Minimum-Security |
| Opened | June, 1992 |
| Managed by | Pennsylvania Department of Corrections |


title: Ely Urban District

abstract: The city of Ely formed a local government district in the Isle of Ely and Cambridgeshire from 1850 to 1974. It was administered as a local board district from 1850 to 1894, and as an urban district from 1894 to 1974. Unusually for somewhere which claimed city status, Ely was not a municipal borough.

text:
# Ely Urban District

52°24′04″N 0°15′47″E / 52.40098°N 0.26318°E / 52.40098; 0.26318

The city of **Ely** formed a local government district in the Isle of Ely and Cambridgeshire from 1850 to 1974. It was administered as a local board district from 1850 to 1894, and as an urban district from 1894 to 1974. Unusually for somewhere which claimed city status, Ely was not a municipal borough.

## History

Ely was declared to be a local board district on 15 July 1850, covering the two parishes of Ely Holy Trinty and Ely St Mary, plus the unparished area known as Ely College which surrounded the cathedral. The order creating the local board described the district as the "city of Ely", and the new body called itself the "City of Ely Local Board". The district also included a detached area of land in the Fens, some 5 miles (8.0 km) west of the city, known as Witcham Gravel. After elections, the local board held its first meeting on 11 October 1850 at the Shire Hall on Lynn Road in Ely, which was also known as Sessions House and was primarily used as a courthouse. George Peacock, dean of Ely Cathedral, was appointed the first chairman of the board.

The Ely Local Board District formed part of the Isle of Ely, a liberty within Cambridgeshire with its own quarter sessions, which became a separate administrative county when county councils were established in 1889. The new county council chose to base itself in March, unlike the quarter sessions it replaced, which had met alternately at Wisbech and at the Shire Hall in Ely.

Under the Local Government Act 1894, local board districts became urban districts on 31 December 1894. Ely Urban District Council held its first meeting on 8 January 1895, when Charles Bidwell was appointed the first chairman of the council. He ran the firm of Bidwells, and had been chairman of the old local board since 1888. The urban district council continued to meet at Shire Hall, as the local board had done. The council called itself the "City of Ely Urban District Council".

In 1912 the council built a fire station at 6 Lynn Road, immediately south of Shire Hall.

The parishes within the urban district were simplified in 1933, when the detached area at Witcham Gravel was transferred to the parish of Witcham and the two parishes of Holy Trinity and St Mary merged to form a single parish called Ely Holy Trinity and St Mary.

During the Second World War, the responsibility for running fire brigades passed from district councils to the National Fire Service, and a new fire station for the city was built on Egremont Street. After the war, the council converted the old fire station at 6 Lynn Road to become its offices and meeting place.

In 1965 the two administrative counties of Isle of Ely and Cambridgeshire merged to form a single county called Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely, which therefore became the county-level authority covering Ely Urban District.

## Abolition

Ely Urban District was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972. On 1 April 1974 the area became part of the new district of East Cambridgeshire. A successor parish was created covering the former Ely Urban District, with city status being granted to the new parish on 1 April 1974, the day it came into being, allowing the parish council to call itself City of Ely Council.

The new East Cambridgeshire District Council initially used the old urban district council's offices at 6 Lynn Road for some of its departments, but the building has since been demolished, with the district council having consolidated its offices at The Grange on Nutholt Lane. The City of Ely Council was based at the Old Gaol at 4 Lynn Road until the mid 1990s, then at 72 Market Street. In 2013 it acquired the Sessions House (formerly known as Shire Hall), which had ceased to operate as a magistrates court in 2011. The city council is therefore now based in the building where its predecessors, the local board and the urban district council, had met from 1850 until the 1940s.

## InfoBox

| Ely | |
| --- | --- |
| Local Board District (1850-1894)
Urban District (1894-1974) | |
|
Shire Hall, Lynn Road: Council's meeting place 1850 to 1940s | |
| Area |  |
| 1911 | 16,742 acres (67.8 km2) |
| 1961 | 14,659 acres (59.3 km2) |
|  | |
| Population |  |
| 1891 | 8,017 |
| 1971 | 9,165 |
|  | |
| History |  |
| Created | 15 July 1850 (Local Board District)
31 December 1894 (Urban District) |
| Abolished | 31 March 1974 |
| Succeeded by | East Cambridgeshire |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Elmer Berger (inventor)

abstract: Elmer Clinton Adolph Berger was an inventor born in St. Louis, Missouri who is credited with the invention of the automotive rear-view mirror in the early 1900s. Although racing enthusiast Ray Harroun experimented with one as early as 1911 while driving in the Indianapolis 500, it was Elmer Berger who obtained the first patent in 1921. Through his Berger and Company he manufactured the rear-view mirror for automobile use. He named his device the "COP-SPOTTER."

text:
# Elmer Berger (inventor)

**Elmer Clinton Adolph Berger** (12 August 1891 – 15 July 1952) was an inventor born in St. Louis, Missouri who is credited with the invention of the automotive rear-view mirror in the early 1900s. Although racing enthusiast Ray Harroun experimented with one as early as 1911 while driving in the Indianapolis 500, it was Elmer Berger who obtained the first patent in 1921. Through his Berger and Company he manufactured the rear-view mirror for automobile use. He named his device the "COP-SPOTTER."

## Thoroughbred racing

In the 1930s and 40s, Elmer Berger owned a prominent Thoroughbred racing stable in California. One of his colts, Boot and Spur, trained by U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee William Molter, ran in the 1942 Kentucky Derby. Another stakes horse, Stitch Again, ran second in the 1947 Santa Anita Handicap.

Elmer Berger died in Los Angeles in 1952 and was interred in the Cathedral Mausoleum #1405 at Hollywood Forever Cemetery.


title: Quercus lusitanica

abstract: Quercus lusitanica, commonly known as gall oak, Lusitanian oak, or dyer's oak, is a species of oak native to Portugal, Spain and Morocco. Quercus lusitanica is the source of commercial nutgalls. These galls are produced by the infection from the insect Cynips gallae tinctoriae. They are used for dyeing. Several other species are known colloquially as "gall oaks;" indeed, galls can be found on a large percentage of oak species. The specific epithet "lusitanica" refers to the ancient Roman Province of Lusitania, corresponding roughly to present-day Portugal and Extremadura in Spain.

text:
# Quercus lusitanica

***Quercus lusitanica***, commonly known as **gall oak**, **Lusitanian oak**, or **dyer's oak**, is a species of oak native to Portugal, Spain (Galicia and western Andalucia) and Morocco. *Quercus lusitanica* is the source of commercial nutgalls. These galls are produced by the infection from the insect *Cynips gallae tinctoriae*. They are used for dyeing.

Several other species are known colloquially as "gall oaks;" indeed, galls can be found on a large percentage of oak species. The specific epithet "*lusitanica*" refers to the ancient Roman Province of Lusitania, corresponding roughly to present-day Portugal and Extremadura in Spain.

## Description

*Quercus lusitanica* is a large semi-deciduous tree 10-15m in Height,

## Taxonomy

It was incorrectly named *Q. humilis*, later *Q. fruticosa* and its current name was incorrectly used to identify other Gall oaks from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa. This resulted in numerous taxonomy errors in the Gall oaks taxa from the occidental and oriental Mediterranean Basin.

## Distribution and habitat

*Quercus lusitanica* is native to the Iberian Peninsula (in Portugal and western Andalusia, Spain, also rare on Galicia) and Morocco It is commonly associated in oak and pine forests and does well in acidic soils. It favors mild coastal Mediterranean climates but it also succeeds in moist, mild, maritime climates. It is relatively sensitive to cold temperatures and is hardy down to −8 °C (18 °F). It inhabits sandy or gravelly soils up to 600 m (2,000 ft) in elevation.

## Threats

No serious threats were found in Portugal, though in Andalusia this plant has been listed as Near Threatened due to fires, silviculture and grazing ungulates. The main threat to the conservation of genetic diversity of this species is the hybridization with the oak neighbors (Holm Oak, Cork Oak, Kermes Oak, Pyrenean Oak).

## InfoBox

| Gall oak | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, *Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen* | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Fagaceae |
| Genus: | *Quercus* |
| Subgenus: | *Quercus subg. Quercus* |
| Section: | *Quercus sect. Quercus* |
| Species: | ***Q. lusitanica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Quercus lusitanica***
Lam. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| List * *Quercus fruticosa* Brot. * *Quercus humilis* Lam., illegitimate homonym * *Quercus valentina* Cav. * *Quercus ovalifolia* Bosc ex Pers. * *Quercus glauca* Bosc ex Loisel. * *Quercus australis* Link * *Quercus undulata* K.Koch * *Quercus prasina* Bosc ex Endl. * *Quercus aegilopifolia* Boiss. ex Endl. * *Quercus muricata* Palau ex Willk. & Lange * *Quercus quexigo* Cook ex Willk. & Lange * *Quercus aegylopifolia* Boiss. ex A.DC. * *Quercus brachycarpa* Kotschy ex A.DC. * *Quercus brachycarpa* Guss. ex Parl. * *Quercus rigida* K.Koch ex A.DC. * *Quercus baetica* H.Buek * *Quercus zang* Dippel | |


title: Quercus litseoides

abstract: Quercus litseoides is an uncommon Asian species of trees in the beech family Fagaceae. It has been found only in southern China, in the Provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi. It is placed in subgenus Cerris, section Cyclobalanopsis. Quercus litseoides is a tree up to 10 meters tall. Leaves can be as much as 7 cm long. The epithet "litseoides" refers to a resemblance between this tree and Litsea chinensis, now called Litsea glutinosa.

text:
# Quercus litseoides

***Quercus litseoides*** is an uncommon Asian species of trees in the beech family Fagaceae. It has been found only in southern China, in the Provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi. It is placed in subgenus *Cerris*, section *Cyclobalanopsis*.

*Quercus litseoides* is a tree up to 10 meters tall. Leaves can be as much as 7 cm long.

The epithet *"litseoides"* refers to a resemblance between this tree and *Litsea chinensis*, now called *Litsea glutinosa*.

## InfoBox

| *Quercus litseoides* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Fagaceae |
| Genus: | *Quercus* |
| Subgenus: | *Quercus subg. Cerris* |
| Section: | *Quercus sect. Cyclobalanopsis* |
| Species: | ***Q. litseoides*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Quercus litseoides***<br>Dunn 1909 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cyclobalanopsis litseoides* (Dunn) Schottky | |


title: Elmon Wright

abstract: Elmon Wright was an American jazz trumpeter. He was the son of Lammar Wright Sr. and the brother of Lammar Wright Jr. Wright played with Don Redman early in his career, then with Dizzy Gillespie's first big band in 1945. Following this he played with Roy Eldridge and then went back to Gillespie's band, touring and recording with him from 1946 until 1950. He toured with Earl Bostic in 1954–55, then worked as a freelance musician in New York City, where he performed at the Apollo Theater in Harlem with R&B and rock groups. He played with Buddy Rich and Earle Warren in 1959 and recorded with Milt Jackson in 1963.

text:
# Elmon Wright

**Elmon Wright** (October 27, 1929 – 1984) was an American jazz trumpeter. He was the son of Lammar Wright Sr. and the brother of Lammar Wright Jr.

Wright played with Don Redman early in his career, then with Dizzy Gillespie's first big band in 1945. Following this he played with Roy Eldridge and then went back to Gillespie's band, touring and recording with him from 1946 until 1950. He toured with Earl Bostic in 1954–55, then worked as a freelance musician in New York City, where he performed at the Apollo Theater in Harlem with R&B and rock groups. He played with Buddy Rich and Earle Warren in 1959 and recorded with Milt Jackson in 1963.

## Discography

**With Dizzy Gillespie**

* *Good Bait* (Spotlite, 1976)
* *Groovin' High* (Savoy, 1955)
* *In the Beginning* (Prestige 1973)
* *Live at the Downbeat Club Summer 1947* (Jazz Guild, 1977)
* *Live at the Spotlite '46* (Hi-Fly, 1978)
* *The Complete RCA Victor Recordings* (Bluebird, 1995)

**With Milt Jackson**

## InfoBox

| Elmon Wright | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1929-10-27)October 27, 1929<br>U.S. |
| Died | 1984 (aged 5455) |
| Genres | Jazz |
| Occupation | Musician |
| Instrument | Trumpet |
| Years active | 1940s–1960s |


title: Queen Games

abstract: Queen Games is a German publisher of tabletop games, based in Troisdorf and founded in 1992 by head Rajive Gupta, which specialises primarily in German-style, family-level games but has also published smaller numbers of both simpler, children's games and more complex, gamers' games. They have shown a propensity for re-releasing previously self-published games in professionally illustrated editions, having drawn multiple times from the catalogues of db-Spiele and, more recently, Winsome Games, and re-releasing those already published by themselves with a different theme and varying degrees of revision of the rules. One of their more popular releases is Alhambra, itself developed from a game originally self-published in 1992, which won the Spiel des Jahres and placed second in the Deutscher Spiele Preis in 2003. Alhambra has since spawned many expansions and a number of standalone spin-offs and could be considered the "franchise" of the company. They are also known to some extent for publishing many games designed by Dirk Henn, with illustration by Jo Hartwig or Michael Menzel and/or with an Arabian theme, whether set within the Arabian Peninsula itself or an Islamic culture such as Al-Andalus. Other games published by Queen Games include Industria: 600 Years of Progress, San Francisco Cable Car and Wallenstein. In 2000, Queen Games switched from publishing their games in traditionally horizontal, shallow, rectangularly faced boxes in various shapes and sizes to using distinctively "fatter" boxes designed for being stacked vertically in only four standardised box sizes and their publications from about 2005 to 2010 have typically been produced in both a domestic version with only German rules and an export version with rules in English, French, Spanish, Italian, Dutch and German and the title on the box changed to be more language-independent. If the game components contain text this is replaced in the export version with either language-independent symbols or a translation into English. Some of their games have, however, also been re-published by publishers based in other countries in fully translated versions. Both practices appear to be being gradually phased out as of February 2010, with most new games being packaged in shallower, square-fronted boxes and produced in one German-titled, multilingual edition; only those that are language-dependent have separate domestic and export editions.

text:
# Queen Games

**Queen Games** is a German publisher of tabletop games, based in Troisdorf and founded in 1992 by head Rajive Gupta, which specialises primarily in German-style, family-level games but has also published smaller numbers of both simpler, children's games and more complex, gamers' games.

They have shown a propensity for re-releasing previously self-published games in professionally illustrated editions, having drawn multiple times from the catalogues of db-Spiele and, more recently, Winsome Games, and re-releasing those already published by themselves with a different theme and varying degrees of revision of the rules. One of their more popular releases is *Alhambra*, itself developed from a game originally self-published in 1992, which won the Spiel des Jahres and placed second in the Deutscher Spiele Preis in 2003. *Alhambra* has since spawned many expansions and a number of standalone spin-offs and could be considered the "franchise" of the company. They are also known to some extent for publishing many games designed by Dirk Henn (and not only, though primarily, those previously self-published by him), with illustration by Jo Hartwig or Michael Menzel and/or with an Arabian theme, whether set within the Arabian Peninsula itself or an Islamic culture such as Al-Andalus. Other games published by Queen Games include *Industria: 600 Years of Progress*, *San Francisco Cable Car* and *Wallenstein*.

In 2000, Queen Games switched from publishing their games in traditionally horizontal, shallow, rectangularly faced boxes in various shapes and sizes to using distinctively "fatter" boxes designed for being stacked vertically in only four standardised box sizes and their publications from about 2005 to 2010 have typically been produced in both a domestic version with only German rules and an export version (recognisable by the flags indicating the included languages on the front of the box) with rules in English, French, Spanish, Italian, Dutch and German and the title on the box changed to be more language-independent (such as *Alhambra* instead of *Der Palast von Alhambra*). If the game components contain text this is replaced in the export version with either language-independent symbols (as has been the case with *Alhambra* and *Roma*) or a translation into English (as is the case with more recent releases such as *Granada* and *Arena: Roma II*). Some of their games have, however, also been re-published by publishers based in other countries in fully translated versions (these include, in the case of English-language versions, Überplay and Esdevium Games; Queen's own export versions are, as of February 2010, distributed in the United States by Rio Grande Games and in the United Kingdom by Esdevium Games). Both practices appear to be being gradually phased out as of February 2010, with most new games being packaged in shallower, square-fronted boxes and produced in one German-titled, multilingual edition; only those that are language-dependent have separate domestic and export editions.

## Notable publications

Listed below are games published at some point by Queen Games that have been recommended by international awards or considered notable enough to be re-released by Queen or other publishers.

| Export name | German name | Translated name | Release | Designer | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | *Expedition* |  | 1996 | Ursula and Wolfgang Kramer | Previously published as *Wildlife Adventure* (*Abenteuer Tierwelt*) in 1985 by Ravensburger; recommended for the 1997 Spiel des Jahres, 8th place in the 1997 Deutscher Spiele Preis, winner of the 1996 Meeples' Choice Award |
|  | *Res publica* | Res publica | 1998 | Reiner Knizia | Previously published in 1991 by Hexagames; published in English in 1999 by Avalanche Press and in 2011/2012 by Queen Games |
|  | *Schnäppchen Jagd* | Bargain Hunt | 1998 | Uwe Rosenberg | Published in English as *Bargain Hunter* in November 2010 by Valley Games |
|  | *Die Händler* | The Traders | 1999 | Wolfgang Kramer and Richard Ulrich | Recommended for the 1999 Spiel des Jahres, 5th place in the 1999 Deutscher Spiele Preis; published in English as *Merchants of the Middle Ages* in 2010 by Z-Man Games |
|  | *Don* |  | 2001 | Michael Schacht | Republished as *Serengeti* in 2006 by Asmodée Éditions and in English as *Serengeti* in 2007 by ABACUSSPIELE |
| *Industria: 600 Years of Progress* | *Industria – 600 Jahre Entwicklung* |  | 2003 | Michael Schacht | A different box was produced for each individual language but components remained in German; finalist for the 2004 International Gamers Award in the general strategy games, multiplayer category; republished as *Industry* in 2010 by Ystari Games |
| *Alhambra* | *Der Palast von Alhambra* | The Palace of Alhambra | 2003-03 | Dirk Henn | Previously implemented as *Al Capone* in 1992 by db-Spiele and as *Stimmt so!* in 1998 by Queen Games; winner of the 2003 Spiel des Jahres, winner of the 2003 Essen Feather, 2nd place in the 2003 Deutscher Spiele Preis, winner of the 2003 As d'Or, winner of the 2005 game of the year award in Finland, Sweden and Norway; published in English in 2004 by Überplay and in 2009 by Esdevium Games, republished as *Alhambra: Anniversary Edition* (*Der Palast von Alhambra – Jubiläumsedition*) in 2008 and as *New York* in 2010, reimplemented as *Granada* in 2009 |
| *The Gardens of the Alhambra* | *Die Gärten der Alhambra* |  | 2004–10 | Dirk Henn | Previously published as *Carat* in 1993 by db-Spiele and as *Carat* in 1998 by Queen Games; recommended for the 2005 Spiel des Jahres |
| *Architekton* | *Architekton* |  | 2005-04 | Michael Schacht | Previously published as *Contra* in 2001 by Spiele aus Timbuktu |
| *Tombouctou* | *Timbuktu* | Timbuktu | 2005–10 | Dirk Henn | Previously published as *Timbuktu* in 1993 by db-Spiele; recommended for the 2006 Spiel des Jahres |
| *Shogun* | *Shogun* |  | 2006–10 | Dirk Henn | Previously implemented as *Wallenstein* in 2002 by Queen Games; finalist for the 2003 International Gamers Award in the general strategy games, multiplayer category |
| *Thebes* | *Jenseits von Theben* | Beyond Thebes | 2007-03 | Peter Prinz | Previously published as *Jenseits von Theben* in 2004 by Prinz Spiele; nominated for the 2007 Spiel des Jahres |
| *Eketorp* | *Eketorp – Die Wikingerburg* | Eketorp: The Viking Stronghold | 2007–10 | Dirk Henn | Previously published as *Eketorp* in 2003 by db-Spiele |
| *The Thief of Baghdad* | *Der Dieb von Bagdad* |  | 2006–10 | Thorsten Gimmler | Nominated for the 2007 Spiel des Jahres |
| *Chicago Express* | *Chicago Express* |  | 2008–10 | Harry Wu | Previously published as *Wabash Cannonball* in 2007 by Winsome Games |
| *Sultan* | *Sultan* |  | 2009-09 | André Zatz and Sérgio Halaban | Previously published as *Riquezas do Sultão* in 2007 by Estrela |
| *Granada* | *Granada* |  | 2009–10 | Dirk Henn | Previously implemented as *Alhambra* |
| *Arena: Roma II* | *Arena – Revolte in Rom II* | Arena: Revolt in Rome II | 2009–10 | Stefan Feld | Sequel to *Roma* (*Revolte in Rom*), published in 2005 by Queen Games, sharing the same system but having different cards; both have the components to be played as a standalone games but may be combined with one another |
| *San Francisco Cable Car* | *San Francisco Cable Car* |  | 2009–10 | Dirk Henn | Previously published as *Iron Horse* in 1997 by db-Spiele and as *Metro* in 2000 by Queen Games; recommended for the 2000 Spiel des Jahres, winner of the 2001 Mensa Select award, finalist for the 2001 International Gamers Award in the general strategy games, multiplayer category |
| *Fresco* | *Fresko* |  | 2010-03 | Marco Ruskowski and Marcel Süßelbeck | Winner of the 2010 Deutscher Spiele Preis, nominated for the 2010 Spiel des Jahres |
| *Samarkand: Routes to Riches* | *Samarkand – Karawane zum Reichtum* | Samarkand: Caravan to Riches | 2010-03 | David V. H. Peters and Harry Wu | Previously implemented as *Age of Scheme: Routes to Riches* in 2008 by Winsome Games; recommended for the 2010 Spiel des Jahres |
| *Showmanager* |  |  | 2010-09 | Dirk Henn | Previously published as *Premiere* in 1992 by db-Spiele, as *Showmanager* in 1997 by Queen Games and as *Atlantic Star* in 2002 by Queen Games; recommended for the 1997 Spiel des Jahres, recommended for the 2002 Spiel des Jahres, 3rd place in the 1997 Deutscher Spiele Preis, winner of the 1997 Meeples' Choice Award |
| *Paris Connection* |  |  | 2011-01 | David V. H. Peters | Previously published as *SNCF* in 2010 by Winsome Games |
| *German Railways* |  |  | 2011/2012 | Harry Wu | Previously implemented as *Preußische Ostbahn* in 2008 by Winsome Games |
| *Dschunke* |  | Junk | 2011/2012 | Michael Schacht | Previously published in 2002 by Queen Games; recommended for the 2002 Spiel des Jahres, 3rd place in the 2002 Deutscher Spiele Preis, finalist for the 2003 International Gamers Award in the general strategy games, multiplayer category |
| *Escape: The Curse of the Temple* | *Escape: Der Fluch des Tempels* |  | 2012 | Kristian Amundsen Østby | 2012 Meeples' Choice Nominee, 2013 Origins Awards Best Family, Party or Children's Game Nominee, 2013 Spiel des Jahres Game of the Year Recommended, 2013 UK Games Expo Best Boardgame Nominee. |


title: Queen Gongwon

abstract: Queen Gongwon of the Namyang Hong clan, more commonly known as Queen Dowager Myeongdeok, was a Korean royal consort as the fourth wife of King Chungsuk of Goryeo and the mother of his two successors, Chunghye and Gongmin.

text:
# Queen Gongwon

**Queen Gongwon of the Namyang Hong clan** (Korean: 공원왕후 홍씨; Hanja: 恭元王后 洪氏; 25 August 1298 – 12 February 1380), more commonly known as **Queen Dowager Myeongdeok** (명덕태후; 明德太后), was a Korean royal consort as the fourth wife of King Chungsuk of Goryeo and the mother of his two successors, Chunghye and Gongmin.

## Biography

### Early life and background

The future Queen Gongwon was born on 25 August 1298 into the Namyang Hong clan as the fifth daughter of Hong Gyu. Her mother was a woman from the Gwangju Gim clan. Lady Sunhwa, King Chungseon's fifth wife, was one of her elder sisters.

### Marriage and palace life

In 1313, she married King Chungsuk and was promoted to **Consort Deok** (덕비; 德妃), while her biological parents were given the honorary titles of *Internal Prince Namyang* (남양부원군) and *Grand Madame of Gwangju County* (광주군대부인). She was rumored to be intelligent and tidy when she was young, and after entering the palace, it was said that she followed the etiquette carefully and was loved by the king.

In 1315, she gave birth to her first son, Wang Jeong. Although she was the king's first wife, Goryeo kings had to marry Yuan imperial women, so she had to move into Duke Jeongan's manor. However, the king left the palace every night to meet her, which made Yilianzhenbala, the Yuan princess, hate Lady Hong badly.

In 1318, Lady Hong, the king and the princess went to Yeongyeong Palace (연경궁; 延慶宮) to enjoy a banquet. At this time, when the king approached Lady Hong, Yilianzhenbala felt jealous and fought with him. The fight eventually escalated and he hit her. Yilianzhenbala suddenly died a year later and subsequently, the other Yuan princess, Jintong, also died during childbirth. Thus, the relationship between the king and Lady Hong deepened. In 1330, she gave birth to their second son, Wang Gi.

Not long after this, the king abdicated the throne to Wang Jeong and their relationship began to crack little by little; finally, he expelled to her hometown and banned her from meeting their son. In 1332, Lady Hong was restored and she returned to Gaegyeong.

### Two sons' reign

During King Chunghye's reign, her residence was called as Deokgyeong Mansion (덕경부; 德慶府), but the name was changed into Munye Mansion (문예부; 文睿府) during King Gongmin's reign. Also under his command, she was elevated to **Dowager Consort** (대비; 大妃) and later received the new honorary name, **Royal Queen Dowager Sungyeong** (숭경왕태후; 崇敬王太后) while stayed in Sungyeong Mansion (숭경부; 崇敬府).

She was in a confrontation with Sin Don and frequently made remarks about the radical reform policies of Gongmin. In particular, when she saw him executing several officials who were obstacles to the policies, she reproached him. When Sin Don was executed, her relationship with her son improved.

After Gongmin's death, her grandson ascended the throne as King U. In 1376, the boy's biological mother, a slave belonging to Sin Don called Banya, snuck into her residence to protest the fact that she was not acknowledged as the king's mother. Lady Hong drove the woman out, and later had her thrown into the Imjin River.

### Death

Lady Hong lived for another 40 years after her husband's death, dying on 12 February 1380 (6th year reign of King U's reign) at 81 years old. She then received her posthumous name and was buried in the Yeongneung Mausoleum (영릉; 令陵). Until 1391, her ancestral rites were held alongside those of King Chungjeong's biological mother, Lady Yun. Shortly after her death, her relatives and supporters, such as Gyeong Bok-heung (경복흥), were immediately purged.

## Family

* Father
    + Hong Gyu (홍규; 洪奎; 1242–1316)
* Mother
    + Biological: Lady Gim of the Gwangju Gim clan, Grand Madame of Gwangju County (광주군대부인 김씨; 光州郡大夫人 金氏; 1258–1339)
    + Stepmother: Lady Im of the Jincheon Im clan (진천 임씨; 鎭川 林氏)
* Sibling(s)
* Husband: Wang Man, King Chungsuk (충숙 왕만; 31 July 1294 – 3 May 1339)
* Issue

1. "Biographies, vol. 46". *Goryeosa*. Vol. 133. 1451. Retrieved 24 February 2021.

## InfoBox

| Queen Gongwon
공원왕후 | |
| --- | --- |
| Consort of Goryeo | |
| Tenure | 1313–1330 |
| Predecessor | Princess Gyeguk |
| Successor | Princess Deongnyeong |
| Tenure | 1332–1339 |
| Predecessor | Princess Deongnyeong |
| Successor | Princess Deongnyeong |
| Dowager Consort of Goryeo | |
| Tenure | 1339–1344 |
| Predecessor | Dowager Consort Gim |
| Successor | Dowager Consort An |
| Monarch | Chunghye (son) |
| (Royal) Queen Dowager of Goryeo | |
| Tenure | 1351–1380 |
| Predecessor | Queen Dowager Wondeok |
| Successor | *Dynasty abolished* |
| Monarch | Gongmin (son; 1351–1372)
(grandson; 1372–1380) |
|  | |
| Born | 25 August 1298
Goryeo |
| Died | 12 February 1380 (1380-02-13) (aged 81)
Goryeo |
| Burial | Yeongneung Mausoleum |
| Spouse | Chungsuk of Goryeo  (m. 1313; died 1339) |
| Issue | Chunghye of Goryeo
Gongmin of Goryeo |
| Regnal name  * **Virtuous Consort Hong** (*Deokbi Hong*; 덕비 홍씨, 德妃 洪氏; from 1313) * **Dowager Consort Hong** (*Daebi Hong*; 대비 홍씨, 大妃 洪氏) * **Queen Dowager Myeongdeok** (*Myeongdeok Taehu*; 명덕태후, 明德太后) * **Royal Queen Dowager Sunggyeong** (*Sunggyeong Wangtaehu*; 숭경왕태후, 崇敬王太后)  Posthumous name  **Gongwon** (공원; 恭元; lit. "Reverent and Primary") | |
| Clan | Namyang Hong clan (by birth)
Gaeseong Wang clan (by marriage) |
| Dynasty | House of Wang (by marriage) |
| Father | Hong Gyu |
| Mother | Lady Gim |


title: Emma Follis

abstract: Emma Mary Follis is an English footballer who last played as a midfielder for Charlton Athletic in the FA Women's Championship. She has previously had spells at Birmingham City and Reading F.C., as well as loan spells in the US with Seattle Reign and Seattle Sounders Women. Follis has represented England at Under 19 and Under 23 level. Follis attended the University of Birmingham and played for the varsity team before graduating in 2013. After leaving Charlton at the end of her contract in 2023, Follis began focusing on a career in interior design.

text:
# Emma Follis

**Emma Mary Follis** (born 6 January 1992) is an English footballer who last played as a midfielder for Charlton Athletic in the FA Women's Championship. She has previously had spells at Birmingham City and Reading F.C., as well as loan spells in the US with Seattle Reign and Seattle Sounders Women. Follis has represented England at Under 19 and Under 23 level.

Follis attended the University of Birmingham and played for the varsity team before graduating in 2013.

After leaving Charlton at the end of her contract in 2023, Follis began focusing on a career in interior design.

## InfoBox

Emma Follis
| Follis with Charlton Athletic in October 2021 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Emma Mary Follis | | |
| Date of birth | (1992-01-06) 6 January 1992 | | |
| Place of birth | Sutton Coldfield, England | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| –2008 | Aston Villa | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2008–2015 | Aston Villa | 79 |  |
| 2013 | Seattle Reign (loan) | ? | (?) |
| 2014 | Seattle Sounders Women (loan) | ? | (?) |
| 2015–2017 | Reading | 16 | (4) |
| 2017–2019 | Birmingham City | 35 | (4) |
| 2019–2021 | Aston Villa | 28 | (6) |
| 2021–2023 | Charlton Athletic | 27 | (6) |
| International career | | | |
| 2010 | England U19 | 4 | (0) |
| 2014–2015 | England U23 | 3 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 00:40, 16 April 2023 (UTC)<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 00:40, 16 April 2023 (UTC) | | | |


title: Emil Wingstedt

abstract: Emil Wingstedt is a Swedish orienteering competitor. He won the 2005 and 2006 Sprint World Orienteering Championships, and finished third on the long distance in 2003. He is Relay World Champion from 2003 with the Swedish team, as well as having a silver medal from 2007, and bronze medals from 2004 and 2006. He is a four-time European Champion, winning the Sprint distance in 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2008. He won the classical relay race Tiomila in 2006, 2007 and 2012 with his club team Halden SK. He has been ranked no. 1 on the IOF World Ranking.

text:
# Emil Wingstedt

**Emil Wingstedt** (born 9 May 1975) is a Swedish orienteering competitor. He won the 2005 and 2006 Sprint World Orienteering Championships, and finished third on the long distance in 2003. He is Relay World Champion from 2003 with the Swedish team, as well as having a silver medal from 2007, and bronze medals from 2004 and 2006. He is a four-time European Champion, winning the Sprint distance in 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2008. He won the classical relay race Tiomila in 2006, 2007 and 2012 with his club team Halden SK.

He has been ranked no. 1 on the IOF (International Orienteering Federation) World Ranking (in 2001).

## InfoBox

Emil Wingstedt
| Wingstedt in 2008 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Nationality | Swedish |
| Born | (1975-05-09) 9 May 1975 |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Orienteering |
| Medal record      Men's orienteering  Representing  Sweden  World Championships  2003 Rapperswil/Jona  Relay  2005 Aichi  Sprint  2006 Aarhus  Sprint  2007 Kiev  Relay  2003 Rapperswil/Jona  Long  2004 Västerås  Relay  2006 Aarhus  Relay  World Games  2001 Akita  Relay  European Championships  2002 Sümeg  Sprint  2004 Roskilde  Sprint  2006 Otepää  Sprint  2008 Ventspils  Sprint  2002 Sümeg  Long  2002 Sümeg  Relay  2004 Roskilde  Middle  2004 Roskilde  Long  2004 Roskilde  Relay  2008 Ventspils  Long  2010 Primorsko  Sprint | |