title: Stolniceni-Prăjescu

abstract: Stolniceni-Prăjescu is a commune in Iași County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Brătești, Cozmești and Stolniceni-Prăjescu.

text:
# Stolniceni-Prăjescu

**Stolniceni-Prăjescu** is a commune in Iași County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Brătești, Cozmești and Stolniceni-Prăjescu.

## Natives

## InfoBox

| Stolniceni-Prăjescu | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Location in Iași County | |
| Stolniceni-PrăjescuLocation in Romania | |
| Coordinates: 47°12′N 26°44′E / 47.200°N 26.733°E / 47.200; 26.733 | |
| Country | Romania |
| County | Iași |
| Population (2021-12-01) | 4,550 |
| Time zone | EET/EEST (UTC+2/+3) |
| Vehicle reg. | IS |


title: Tre Manchester

abstract: Tre Manchester is an American real estate agent, film writer, director, and producer known for his debut feature film The Things We've Seen.

text:
# Tre Manchester

**Tre Manchester** (born June 12, 1992) is an American real estate agent, film writer, director, and producer known for his debut feature film *The Things We've Seen*.

## Early life

Manchester was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, but grew up in Crown Point, Indiana. He attended Crown Point High School, and while there began to write fictional works. Within two years after he graduated, Manchester had published two books, including a novel *War of Brothers* a fictitious account of a family polarized by the American Civil War.

## Film career

Manchester formed his production company, Atlas Pictures, in the fall of 2013. Shortly after, he and his team began developing numerous short films, appearing in film festivals around the United States and the world.

His 2014 Holocaust drama film *Your Ever After* which formed his partnership with actor Jarrett Maier, went on to screen at the 2015 River Bend Film Festival, at that point located in South Bend, Indiana.

Following the successes of his short films, he went on to write his first feature-length screenplay for *The Things We've Seen* in September 2014. The following year he teamed up with producers Don Bernacky, John Metzler, and Roger Welp to begin filming in the summer in Crown Point, Indiana. A critical success, *The Things We've Seen* went on to play in twelve film festivals around the world, winning eight awards and securing four nominations. Represented by Crogan Filmworks, the movie went on to be picked up for distribution by Multicom Entertainment Group, Inc. for North American Television and Video-On-Demand distribution. It also gained the same platform release in China via Beijing Spark Future International Culture Communication Co., Ltd.

## Real Estate Career

Tre is currently a real estate agent at Lively Charleston Properties with Real Brokerage based in Charleston, South Carolina.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2012 | *In Vermilion* | Writer, director |
| 2013 | *To Ride the River* | Writer, director |
| 2013 | *In Divinity* | Producer |
| 2014 | *November Sun* | Director |
| 2015 | *Your Ever After* | Writer, director |
| 2015 | *Fleur* | Co-Writer, Director |
| 2015 | *Through the Never* | Writer, director |
| 2015 | *Lost Between* | Director |
| 2015 | *Traveler* | Producer |
| 2016 | *Wait, I'm a Racist?!* | Associate Producer |
| 2017 | *The Things We've Seen* | Writer, director, producer |
|

### Series

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 | *Nation Under God* | Writer, director | Web-Series |
| 2017 | *Chicago Press* | Writer |  |
|

## Awards and accolades

* "Best Original Screenplay" – *The Things We've Seen* | Columbia Gorge International Film Festival
* "Best Feature" – *The Things We've Seen* | Mediterranean Film Festival
* "Outstanding Achievement Award" – *The Things We've Seen* | Calcutta International Cult Film Festival
* "Professional Narrative Feature" – *The Things We've Seen* | George Lindsey UNA Film Festival
* "Best Feature" – *The Things We've Seen* | MayDay Film Festival
* "Best Actor" – *The Things We've Seen* | MayDay Film Festival
* "Best Actress" – *The Things We've Seen* | MayDay Film Festival
* "Gold Remi Award" – *The Things We've Seen* | 50th Worldfest Houston International Film Festival
* "Audience Choice Award" – *A Land Between* | International Broke Student Film Festival
* "Audience Choice Award" – *In Vermilion* | Once A Week Online Film Festival

## Nominations

* "Best Picture" – *The Things We've Seen* | Houston Critic's Choice Society
* "Best Actress" – *The Things We've Seen* | Houston Critic's Choice Society
* "Best Supporting Actor" – *The Things We've Seen* | Houston Critic's Choice Society
* "Best Young Performer" – *The Things We've Seen* | Houston Critic's Choice Society
* "Top 200 Finalist" – *Melancholic* | HBO Project Greenlight (Presented by Matt Damon & Ben Affleck)
* "Runner-up" – *In Vermilion* | Yobi.TV Talent Competition

## InfoBox

| Tre Manchester | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1992-06-12) June 12, 1992<br>Springfield, Massachusetts, United States |
| Occupation(s) | Real estate agent, film writer, director, producer |
| Website | www.tremanchester.com |


title: Fakkeltog

abstract:
Fakkeltog is the first album by Norwegian band Bridges, the band Paul Waaktaar-Savoy and Magne Furuholmen used to be in before meeting Morten Harket and becoming a-ha. Other members of the band are Viggo Bondi and Øystein Jevanord.
The album was produced in only 1000 copies.

text:
# Fakkeltog

***Fakkeltog*** is the first album by Norwegian band Bridges, the band Paul Waaktaar-Savoy and Magne Furuholmen used to be in before meeting Morten Harket and becoming a-ha. Other members of the band are Viggo Bondi and Øystein Jevanord. The album was produced in only 1000 copies.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Bridges

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The Oncoming of Day" | 2:07 |
| 2. | "Somebody's Going Away" | 3:01 |
| 3. | "May the Last Dance Be Mine" | 2:33 |
| 4. | "Divided We Fall" | 2:14 |
| 5. | "Vagrants" | 1:56 |
| 6. | "The Stranger's Town" | 9:58 |
| 7. | "Pavilion of the Luxuriant Trees" | 2:35 |
| 8. | "The Oncoming of Night" | 0:47 |
| 9. | "The Vacant" | 3:30 |
| 10. | "Guest on Earth" | 3:23 |
| 11. | "Death of the Century" | 2:59 |
| 12. | "The Melancolic Chevaliers" | 3:00 |
| 13. | "Scared, Bewildered, Wild" | 1:38 |
| 14. | "Every Mortal Night" | 3:22 |
| 15. | "September" | 5:19 |
| Total length: | | 48:40 |

## InfoBox

| Fakkeltog | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Bridges | |
| Released | 1980 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 48:40 |
| Bridges chronology | |
| ***Fakkeltog***
(1980) *Våkenatt*
(2018) | |


title: Bolibourgeoisie

abstract: Bolibourgeoisie or Bolichicos are terms describing the new bourgeois created by the Venezuelan government of Hugo Chávez and Chavismo, made up of people who became rich under the Chávez administration. The term was coined by journalist Juan Carlos Zapata to "define the oligarchy that has developed under the protection of the Chávez government". Corruption among the bolibourgeoisie and Chávez-administration sympathizers has moved billions of dollars with the complicity of public officials, with some becoming rich under the guise of socialism. Henry Ramos Allup, a leader of the opposition party Democratic Action, has said corruption in the financial industry and other sectors of Venezuela is tied to government officials of the Chávez administration. Following the death of Chávez, the bolibourgeoisie became more powerful and held more influence over Venezuela during the presidency of Nicolás Maduro. Many figures of the bolibourgeoisie were included in the Panama Papers scandal.

text:
# Bolibourgeoisie

**Bolibourgeoisie** (a portmanteau of the words Bolivarian and bourgeoisie) or **Bolichicos** (English: Boliboys) are terms describing the new bourgeois created by the Venezuelan government of Hugo Chávez and *Chavismo*, made up of people who became rich under the Chávez administration. The term was coined by journalist Juan Carlos Zapata to "define the oligarchy that has developed under the protection of the Chávez government".

Corruption among the bolibourgeoisie and Chávez-administration sympathizers has moved billions of dollars with the complicity of public officials, with some becoming rich under the guise of socialism. Henry Ramos Allup, a leader of the opposition party Democratic Action, has said corruption in the financial industry and other sectors of Venezuela is tied to government officials of the Chávez administration. Following the death of Chávez, the bolibourgeoisie became more powerful and held more influence over Venezuela during the presidency of Nicolás Maduro. Many figures of the bolibourgeoisie were included in the Panama Papers scandal.

## Background

When President Chávez attained power in Venezuela, he faced opposition from the traditional elite within the country. Chávez created a new elite with access to dollars, which led to the establishment of a new wealthy class. During Chávez's tenure, he seized thousands of properties and businesses while also reducing the footprint of foreign companies. Venezuela's economy was then largely state-run and was operated by military officers that had their business and government affairs connected.

Senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, Harold Trinkunas, stated that involving the military in business was "a danger", with Trinkunas explaining that the Venezuelan military "has the greatest ability to coerce people, into business like they have". According to *Bloomberg Business*, "\[b\]y showering contracts on former military officials and pro-government business executives, Chávez put a new face on the system of patronage".

### Government officials

Alejandro Andrade, who was appointed Minister of Finance by President Chávez, owned a private Learjet 45 worth $10 million that was registered in Delaware. He had invested in horses for show jumping, having a horse farm attributed to Andrade's firm in South Carolina. Alejandro's son, Emanuel Andrade, was also sponsored by his father and is a decorated show jumping jockey and owned multiple horses that are worth up to millions of dollars and studs that can earn profits from breeding. Andrade also hired a public relations firm, Starting Gate Communications, an organization that specializes in equestrian activities for his son.

The brother of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV) politician Jesse Chacón, Arné Chacón, established a stable in Florida called Gadu Racing Stable Corp. and had horses compete in races in the United States until he was arrested in 2009. Brother of Ronald Sanchez the National Superintendent of Securities of Venezuela, Tomás Sánchez had a second stable, Rontos Racing Stable Corp., created that was signed by the same Gadu agent two months later. Ronald Sanchez was also accused of being involved in an extortion scandal in Miami by Venezuelan banker Thomas Vasquez in a testimony involving the case. The Rontos Racing Stable Corp. also own an apartment in the Trump Towers Miami building that was quoted at $625,000 in 2011.

### Business executives

Ricardo Fernández Barrueco was a "modest business entrepreneur" in Caracas until he helped Chávez circumvent oil strikes initiated in 2002. In less than ten years, he had gained a net worth of $1.6 billion and created a combination of about 70 companies. He owned businesses in Panama, Ecuador and the United States and bought multiple financial institutions in 2008. In Miami, Fernandez bought a luxury apartment in the Jade at Brickell Bay, a home to many celebrities. In late 2009, Fernandez was arrested in Venezuela for unknown reasons and his companies were nationalized by President Chávez. He was released from prison in May 2014.

Víctor Vargas Irausquín is a Venezuelan banker who helped the Chávez administration raise funds to finance Venezuela's budget. According to the United States Department of State, Vargas was "said to have made a profit off those negotiations" and was described as "a banker whose star has risen greatly during the Chávez presidency". Vargas was also assisted by the Venezuelan government for abiding by their policies during the Venezuelan banking crisis of 2009–2010, when more than a half-dozen private banking institutions were closed.

### Chávez family

A Bentley Continental Flying Spur similar to Chávez'sA Gulfstream G550 similar to one used by the Chávez familyMercedes-Benz vehicles such as this are used by the Chávez, Maduro and Flores family

While Chávez was President, he stayed in the most expensive locations, with hundreds of individuals composing his entourage that included masseuses, chefs, tailors and Cuban doctors. Chávez and his family also wore designer clothes along with high-end fashion accessories and jewelry, with brand names including Cartier, Dolce & Gabbana and Patek Philippe & Co. among others. The daughters of Chávez have been seen with celebrities such as Justin Bieber, traveling internationally visiting places such as Disneyland Paris, New York City and Patagonia while also attending concerts of Madonna.

Members of the Chávez family live in a suburb of Barinas, Chávez's birthplace, occupying a mansion that is enclosed off from the public by walls topped with razor wire. Asdrubal Chávez, Chávez's cousin, is vice president of production and trade of PDVSA and is in charge of the majority of oil contracts. Chávez's brothers also hold positions in the Venezuelan government. Argenisis is the president of the state-run energy company CORPOELEC and Hannibal is the mayor of Sabaneta. In 2004, the Drug Enforcement Administration estimates showed that the family was possibly worth $140 million. In 2013, it was estimated that the Chávez family had liquid assets of about $550 million in multiple international bank accounts.

Though Chávez denounced hypocritical socialists and criticized those who bought luxury vehicles such as Hummers, he and his family acquired multiple vehicles during his presidency, including aircraft such as the Bombardier Challenger 605 and Gulfstream G550 and automobiles like the Bentley Mulsanne and Chevrolet LUV D-Max as well as multiple Hummers and Mercedes-Benz vehicles.

It is estimated that the Chávez family owns 17 estates totaling more than 100,000 acres. Each estate cost between $400,000 and $700,000, with the estates having their own roads. According to state legislator and Chávez critic Wilmer Azuaje, members of Chávez's family live in mansions in Alto Barinas and children of the family have their own waiting staff in their school's dining hall.

### Maduro and Flores families

The families of President Nicolás Maduro and his wife Cilia Flores have benefitted from supporting the Bolivarian government. Flores has been accused of nepotism with individuals claiming that several of her close relatives became employees of the National Assembly while she was in office.

Two nephews of Cilia Flores, Efraín Antonio Campos Flores and Francisco Flores de Freites, have also been involved in illicit activities such as drug trafficking, with some of their funds possibly assisting President Maduro's presidential campaign in the 2013 Venezuelan presidential election and potentially for the 2015 Venezuelan parliamentary elections. One informant stated that the two would often fly out of Terminal 4 of Simon Bolivar Airport, a terminal reserved for the President. Walter Jacobo Gavidia Flores, Flores' son who is a Caracas judge, is being investigated for relations to drug trafficking as well.

Carlos Aem Flores, a relative of Flores, has also been linked to her two nephews involved in drug trafficking. Carlos Aem Flores, a self-described "producer", has been seen at various government facilities "working" close to Bolivarian officials such as President Maduro and the National Assembly. He has been seen sporting luxury brands of Cartier, Hublot, Louis Vuitton and Rolex and driving a special Transformers edition Chevrolet Camaro, a Ferrari F430, a Mercedes-AMG and a Porsche 911 GT2.

According to journalist Maibort Petit, Flores' son, Walter Jacob Gavidia Flores, whose last salary through 2015 was less than $1,000, made multiple international trips in 2015 and 2016 on private flights costing approximately $20,000 per trip. Gavidia Flores spent most of his time in the United States, though he also took chartered flights to France, Germany, Malta and Spain.

On 14 March 2015 at the wedding of Jose Zalt, a Syrian-Venezuelan businessman that owns the clothing brand Wintex, Maduro's son Nicolás Ernesto Maduro Guerra was seen being showered with American dollars at the gathering in the luxurious Gran Melia Hotel in Caracas. The incident caused outrage among Venezuelans who believed this to be hypocritical of President Maduro, especially since many Venezuelans were experiencing hardships due to the poor state of the economy and due to the President's public denouncements of capitalism.

In March 2017, *Runrunes* reported that Citgo, a subsidiary of Venezuela's PDVSA, was loaned money to purchase two private aircraft for a total of $119 million. This occurred days after President Maduro called for assistance from the United Nations, asking for help to combat medicine shortages. The first aircraft, a Bombardier Global 6000 costing $54 million, would be used by Venezuela's Minister of Energy and Mines Nelson Martínez while the second aircraft, a Bombardier Global 8000 costing $65 million, would be used by President Maduro after its development was finalized. CITGO would then deliver its Dassault Falcon 2000 to be used by Maduro as well after receiving the Global 6000.

## International lifestyle

The bolibourgeoisie have enjoyed financial and entertainment benefits in Miami, Nicaragua, Panama and Spain. Following investigations surrounding their acts of corruption, they have begun to move their assets to Turkey and the United Arab Emirates.

In Florida, bolibourgeois are favored clients of real estate businesses, private jet companies, luxury car dealers, fine horse breeders and luxury stores. According to a business owner of an electronics store at the Bal Harbour Shops of Miami Beach, the success of selling luxury electronics made of valuable metals and gems is attributed to bolibourgeois, with some buying gold iPads and gold cellular phones priced between $8,000 and $45,000.

Bolibourgeois had also bought luxury automobiles from foreign countries, including luxury Hummer SUVs and Rolls-Royce cars.

## Investigations

The United States and the Lima Group have led efforts to discover assets illegally acquired and held by the bolibourgeoisie.

Alejandro Andrade, who was appointed Minister of Finance by President Chávez, was accused of using public funds by opposition deputy Ismael García and was described as participating in a "network of corruption" by the United States Department of State. In March 2018, it was reported that United States authorities were investigating Andrade for money laundering and funneling Venezuelan state funds into his own interests. In November 2018, Andrade was sentenced to ten years in prison by the United States for accepting at least $1 billion in bribes and money laundering, resulting in having his assets seized. These assets included a mansion in Florida, a group of classic cars and over a dozen race horses.

Husband and wife Adrían Velásquez and Claudia Patricia Díaz Guillén were arrested in Spain in 2018 for allegedly holding over $4 billion of Venezuelan state funds in Andorra and Seychelles. Velásquez had served as a bodyguard for President Chávez while Diaz Guillén was the successor of Andrade serving as Minister of Finance.

Raúl Gorrín, who acquired Venezuelan media company Globovisión and turned it into a pro-Maduro network, was indicted for money laundering and bribery in November 2018.

The scandal known as the *Maletinazo* also generated criticism in which the government of Chávez was alleged to be sending state oil money from PDVSA to finance the political campaign of former president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner of Argentina.

On 12 May 2022, Claudia Patricia Díaz Guillén was extradited from Spain to South Florida to face charges of accepting millions in bribes from a billionaire businessman.

**General:**


title: Switzer's Asylum

abstract: Switzer's Asylum also known as Saint James Asylum was founded by James Switzer of Kilkenny in the 1800s for the housing of twenty poor widows.

text:
# Switzer's Asylum

**Switzer's Asylum** also known as **Saint James Asylum** was founded by James Switzer of Kilkenny in the 1800s for the housing of twenty poor widows.

## Asylum

The asylum was founded with the aim of housing twelve Protestant and eight Roman Catholic widows in the units with an additional sum of twenty pounds per year. Today Switzer's Asylum is nineteen units managed by the Church of Ireland in St Patrick’s Parish, Kilkenny. The foundation was established by Act of Parliament which identified who would be entitled to be resident in the units. No one who had ever been a servant, the widow, daughter or niece of a servant could be allowed there. The rule was to allow

> decent and respectable persons, the widows or daughters of respectable persons resident in the county or city of Kilkenny or county of Carlow for ten years or more.

## Building

The building is a detached almshouse with five three-bays, two-storey high units with a single three bay two storey breakfront. The units are set in a small cul-de-sac of private grounds with a limestone surrounding wall. There is a monument at the front of the building which is a statue by Benjamin Schrowder of Dublin of the founder. It has classically derived proportions though modern renovations have eroded some of the character. It was built in the beginning of the 1800s with work completed about 1803 or 1804. It was renovated in 1992.

## Founder

James Switzer was a native of Kilkenny and worked as the building contractor on the Kilkenny City Military Barracks. He used some of the left over building materials of the barracks to complete the Almshouse.

## InfoBox

| Switzer's Asylum | |
| --- | --- |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Church of Ireland |
| Province | Leinister |
| Location | |
| Location | Nuncio Road, Kilkenny,<br>Ireland |
| Shown within Ireland | |
| Geographic coordinates | 52°38′53″N 7°14′40″W / 52.647978°N 7.244446°W / 52.647978; -7.244446 |
| Architecture | |
| Style | classically derived |
| Founder | James Switzer |
| Completed | 1804 |


title: Sallie Lamb

abstract: Sarah Elizabeth Lamb is the Pro-Vice-Chancellor and Executive Dean of the Faculty of Health and Life Sciences at the University of Exeter, and the Mireille Gillings Professor for Health Innovation. She is also an Honorary Departmental Professor at the Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and was the Foundation Director of the Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit.

text:
# Sallie Lamb

**Sarah Elizabeth Lamb** (known as Sallie) FMedSci is the Pro-Vice-Chancellor and Executive Dean of the Faculty of Health and Life Sciences at the University of Exeter, and the Mireille Gillings Professor for Health Innovation. She is also an Honorary Departmental Professor at the Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and was the Foundation Director of the Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit.

## Early life and education

Lamb graduated in 1986 from the University of Salford School of Physiotherapy. For her postgraduate studies she moved to the University of Southampton, where she completed a Masters in Rehabilitation. She completed her Doctor of Philosophy degree at the University of Oxford, working with John Grimley Evans on the mobility of frail elderly people.

## Research and career

After completing her PhD, Lamb joined the National Institute on Aging as a Harkness Fellow. She completed a degree in statistics at the University of Sheffield, and was appointed a Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society. She is a member of the Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term Follow-up, Improving the Quality of Research in Surgery (IDEAL) collaboration.

In 2008 the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recognised Lamb as one of the top 200 investigators contributing to health research in the UK. In 2009 she was appointed chair of the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment Commissioning Board.

Lamb is a medical researcher at the University of Exeter. She is committed to improving the quality of medical trials to ensure better patient outcomes and value for money. Her career involves both clinical trials and musculoskeletal rehabilitation. She works on interventions that can improve the function of elderly people with cognitive impairments and comorbidities. She is particularly interested in minimally invasive approaches to target geriatric syndromes and manage severe injury. These include the rehabilitation of chronic conditions and non-medical healthcare contact.

Prior to joining the University of Exeter in 2019 Lamb led the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences at the University of Oxford. In 2009 she identified that cast worn below the knee could improve severe ankle sprains, which account for 1.5 million emergency room attendances per year in the UK. In 2011 she was part of a National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline on the management of hip fractures. In 2012 she founded the Rehab Research lab group at the University of Oxford. She looked at various treatments for Whiplash and found that whilst physiotherapy has short-term benefits, including improvement of neck mobility, it is not cost-effective. She appeared on the Association of Trauma and Orthopaedic Chartered Physiotherapists *Physio Matters* Podcast in 2015. She believes that physios should be challenging low-quality, flawed, clinical trials and improve medical practice. She identified that a hand exercise programme improves quality and function for Rheumatoid arthritis patients. She has also found that education and targeted training can improve the physical activity of patients with lower back pain. In 2020, she identified that 'Advice by mail, screening for fall risk, and a targeted exercise or multifactorial intervention to prevent falls did not result in fewer fractures than advice by mail alone.

### Awards and honours

In 2018 Lamb became a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Physiotherapy, in 2016 she was elected as Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci). She was also awarded an honorary doctorate from Brunel University London. Lamb is a trustee of Arthritis Research UK.

## InfoBox

| Sallie LambFMedSci | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Sarah Elizabeth Lamb |
| Alma mater | University of Salford (BSc)
University of Southampton (MSc)
University of Oxford (PhD) |
| Awards | Harkness Fellowship |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Health care |
| Institutions | University of Exeter
University of Oxford
University of Warwick
National Institute on Aging |
| Thesis | *Epidemiological and clinical studies of mobility limitation in frail older women* (1997) |
| Doctoral advisor | John Grimley Evans |
|  | |
| Website | Sallie Lamb profile |


title: Campylorhaphion

abstract: Campylorhaphion is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Eulimidae.

text:
# Campylorhaphion

***Campylorhaphion*** is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Eulimidae.

## Species

There are only two known species within this genus, these include the following:

## InfoBox

| *Campylorhaphion* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Superfamily: | Vanikoroidea |
| Family: | Eulimidae |
| Genus: | *Campylorhaphion*
Bouchet & Warén, 1986 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Eulima famelica* Watson, 1883
 | |


title: Uhtred

abstract: Uhtred is a masculine given name of Anglo-Saxon origin, prevalent during the Medieval period, with several recorded spelling variations. It may refer to:

text:
# Uhtred

**Uhtred** is a masculine given name of Anglo-Saxon origin, prevalent during the Medieval period, with several recorded spelling variations. It may refer to:

## People

## Fictional characters

* Uhtred of Bebbanburg, protagonist of *The Saxon Stories*, a historical novel series by Bernard Cornwell and *The Last Kingdom* TV series
* Uchdryd Battle Protector, Uchdryd Cross Beard, and Uchdryd son of Erim are warriors named in the 11th-century Welsh Arthurian tale of Culhwch and Olwen


title: Steven Schachter

abstract: Steven Schachter is an American television, theatre, and film director and screenwriter. Much of Schachter's success stems from projects on which he has collaborated with William H. Macy. The two co-wrote the cable television movies The Con (1998), A Slight Case of Murder (1999), Door to Door (2002), and The Wool Cap (2004), all of which Schachter directed and in which Macy starred. He also has directed numerous other made-for-TV movies, including an adaptation of David Mamet's play The Water Engine, which he had directed at the off-Broadway Public Theater in 1977 and again at the Plymouth Theatre on Broadway the following year. In 2006 he directed the TV movie The Mermaid Chair. In May 2007, he completed filming the feature The Deal, written by and starring Macy.

text:
# Steven Schachter

**Steven Schachter** is an American television, theatre, and film director and screenwriter.

Much of Schachter's success stems from projects on which he has collaborated with William H. Macy. The two co-wrote the cable television movies *The Con* (1998), *A Slight Case of Murder* (1999), *Door to Door* (2002), and *The Wool Cap* (2004), all of which Schachter directed and in which Macy starred. He also has directed numerous other made-for-TV movies, including an adaptation of David Mamet's play *The Water Engine*, which he had directed at the off-Broadway Public Theater in 1977 and again at the Plymouth Theatre on Broadway the following year. In 2006 he directed the TV movie *The Mermaid Chair*. In May 2007, he completed filming the feature *The Deal*, written by and starring Macy.

## Filmography

### Television films

| Year | Title | Director | Writer | Producer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1983 | *Journey's End* | Yes | No | No |
| 1992 | *Getting Up and Going Home* | Yes | No | No |
| | *The Water Engine* | Yes | No | No |
| 1995 | *Lady Killer* | Yes | No | No |
| | *Above Suspicion* | Yes | Yes | No |
| | *Legacy of Sin: The William Coit Story* | Yes | No | No |
| 1996 | *Every Woman's Dream* | Yes | Yes | No |
| | *To Face Her Past* | Yes | No | No |
| 1998 | *The Con* | Yes | Yes | No |
| | *To Live Again* | Yes | No | No |
| 1999 | *A Slight Case of Murder* | Yes | Yes | No |
| 2000 | *For All Time* | Yes | No | No |
| 2002 | *Door to Door* | Yes | Yes | No |
| | *Just a Walk in the Park* | Yes | Yes | No |
| 2004 | *It Must Be Love* | Yes | No | No |
| | *The Wool Cap* | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 2005 | *The Engagement Ring* | Yes | No | No |
| 2006 | *The Mermaid Chair* | Yes | No | No |
| 2008 | *The Deal* | Yes | Yes | No |
| | *Family Man* | Yes | Yes | Executive |
| 2010 | *Unanswered Prayers* | Yes | No | No |

### Television series

| Year | Title | Director | Writer | Episode |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1990 | *ABC Afterschool Specials* | Yes | No | ''All That Glitters'' |
| 1991 | *Thirtysomething* | No | Yes | ''Sifting the Ashes'' |
| 1992 | *Home Fires* | No | Yes | ''Fathers and Sons'' |
| 2012 | *Shameless* | No | Yes | ''Can I Have a Mother'' |

### Theatrical films

| Year | Title | Role |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1985 | *The Falcon and the Snowman* | Assistant to John Schlesinger |
| 1986 | *Firewalker* | Dialogue coach: Mr. Norris |

## As theatrical director

| Year | Title |
| --- | --- |
| 1976 | *A View from a Bridge* |
| 1977 | *Mert & Phil* |
| 1978 | *Ashes* |
| 1985 | *The Water Engine* |
| 1988 | *Big Time: Scenes from a Service Economy* |
| 1989 | *Stained Glass* |
| 1990 | *The Pink Studio* |

## Awards and nominations

Awards Nominations


title: Elsa Redmond

abstract: Elsa Marion Redmond is an American archaeologist at the American Museum of Natural History. She specializes in Latin American archaeology. She is an elected member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

text:
# Elsa Redmond

**Elsa Marion Redmond** is an American archaeologist at the American Museum of Natural History. She specializes in Latin American archaeology. She is an elected member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

## Early life and education

Redmond was born Caracas and grew up in Venezuela. She attended the Madeira School. Her father, W. Parker Redmond, had studied at Rice University. Redmond began her undergraduate studies at Vassar College, before transferring to Rice University, where she earned a bachelor's degree in 1973. During her undergraduate studies, Redmond completed a summer placement mapping Monte Albán with Richard Blanton. Redmond completed her graduate work at Yale University, where she earned an M.Phil and Ph.D. in 1981. Following her doctoral training, Redmond began researching the formation and evolution of societies in the Oaxaca Valley and Venezuela. Her doctorate considered the hypothesis proposed in inscriptions at Monte Albán, which indicate that the Zapotec people conquered the Cuicatlán Cañada.

## Research and career

Redmond was appointed to the University of Connecticut in 1981. Her area of research interest focuses on the role of warfare in the emergence of centralized, hierarchical societies in Mesoamerica, and in particular, the role of conquest warfare in the formation of the Zapotec civilization. She began to work on the Oaxaca Valley with Charles S. Spencer. Over the course of more than three decades of extensive fieldwork in Mexico and Venezuela, Redmond has encountered Africanized bees, venomous snakes and quicksand.

In 1991, Redmond joined the American Museum of Natural History. At the American Museum of Natural History, Redmond is Research Associate in the Division of Anthropology. She has investigated the town of San Martín Tilcajete, mapping the land and excavating mounds and public buildings. On El Palenque, an overgrown hillside site, Redmond excavated a complex of stone foundations with indications of houses. She directed a team of graduate students and local workers in excavating the site. In 2017, Redmond uncovered a palatial compound in El Palenque's plaza in Oaxaca Valley. Redmond used radiocarbon dating to identify the age of the palace complex. The palace, which is similar to others in the Mesoamerican states, is between 2,100 and 2,300 years old. Redmond argued that it may be evidence of one of the earliest governments in the Americas.

### Awards and honors

Redmond's leadership in the field of Mesoamerican Archaeology has led to her election to the following scholarly academies:

### Books

* Redmond, Elsa (1998). *Chiefdoms and chieftaincy in the Americas*. University Press of Florida. ISBN 9780813016207.
* Redmond, Elsa (1994). *Tribal and Chiefly Warfare in South America*. Ann Arbor: Museum of Anthropology. ISBN 978-0-915703-91-3.
* Redmond, Elsa (1993). *A Fuego y Sangre: Early Zapotec Imperialism in the Cuicatlán Cañada, Oaxaca*. Ann Arbor: Museum of Anthropology. ISBN 978-0-932206-97-8.

## Personal life

Redmond is married to Archaeologist Charles S. Spencer. They reside in the Connecticut suburbs of New York City.

## InfoBox

| Elsa Marion Redmond | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Caracas |
| Alma mater | Rice University (BS)
Yale University (PhD) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Archaeology |
| Institutions | University of Connecticut
American Museum of Natural History |
| Thesis | *A fuego y sangre : early Zapotec imperialism in the Cuicatlán Cañada, Oaxaca* (1983) |
|  | |


title: Fan Kuai

abstract: Fan Kuai was a military general of the early Western Han dynasty. He was a prominent figure of the Chu–Han Contention, a power struggle for supremacy over China between the Han dynasty's founder, Liu Bang, and his rival, Xiang Yu.

text:
# Fan Kuai

**Fan Kuai** (242 – c.July 189 BC) was a military general of the early Western Han dynasty. He was a prominent figure of the Chu–Han Contention (206–202 BC), a power struggle for supremacy over China between the Han dynasty's founder, Liu Bang (Emperor Gao), and his rival, Xiang Yu.

## Early life

Fan Kuai was a close friend of Liu Bang and they were from the same hometown of Pei County (present-day Feng County, Jiangsu). In his early days, he was a butcher and specialised in preparing dog meat. He married Lü Xu, the younger sister of Liu Bang's wife Lü Zhi.

## Rebelling against the Qin dynasty

Once, Liu Bang released the prisoners he was escorting and became an outlaw on Mount Mangdang (in present-day Yongcheng, Henan). Following the Dazexiang Uprising in 209 BC, the magistrate of Pei County also wanted to rebel as well so he heeded Xiao He and Cao Shen's advice, and sent Fan Kuai to Mount Mangdang to invite Liu Bang and his men back to help him. However, the magistrate changed his mind later and denied Liu Bang entry into the city. The citizens responded to Liu Bang's call and killed the magistrate, allowing Liu and his men to return home. Liu Bang was then known as "Duke of Pei" and Fan Kuai served as one of his close aides and bodyguards. Fan Kuai distinguished himself on the battlefield as a mighty warrior and capable general. He fought in many battles on Liu Bang's side and claimed the heads of enemies in increasing order in each battle, and was rewarded with promotions to higher ranks each time.

## Chu–Han contention

### Feast at Hong Gate

Fan Kuai is best known for defending Liu Bang at the Feast at Hong Gate, which was actually a trap set to kill Liu. He rushed to Liu Bang's defence when he heard that Xiang Yu's advisor Fan Zeng intended to have Liu killed. Fan Kuai chided Xiang Yu openly, making a speech about Liu Bang's accomplishments and stating that it would be unjust for Xiang to kill Liu. Xiang Yu was impressed by Fan Kuai's bravery and offered him a seat at the feast. Liu Bang escaped from the feast later on the pretext of going to the latrine, with Fan Kuai accompanying him.

After the fall of the Qin dynasty, Xiang Yu divided the former Qin Empire into the Eighteen Kingdoms, appointed Liu Bang as "King of Han" with the lands of Shu as his fiefdom. Liu Bang seized the lands of the Three Qins and engaged in a long power struggle with Xiang Yu for supremacy over China, historically known as the Chu–Han Contention. Fan Kuai participated actively in many of the battles between the two contending forces and became famous for his prowess in battle.

## Service during the Han dynasty

After the establishment of the Han dynasty, Emperor Gao (Liu Bang) enfeoffed Fan Kuai as the Marquis of Wuyang (舞陽侯) in recognition of Fan's contributions to the dynasty's founding. After Fan Kuai's death, he was posthumously conferred the title "Marquis Wu" (武侯) while his son Fan Kang inherited his title of "Marquis of Wuyang". Fan Kuai's wife Lü Xu was put to death in the aftermath of the Lü Clan Disturbance in 180 BC and Fan Kang was killed as well. Several months later, Emperor Wen conferred the title on Fan Shiren, another son of Fan Kuai who was not born to Lü Xu.

## Modern references

In Chinese folk religion, Fan Kuai is sometimes regarded as a patron deity of butchers. In the action RPG *Prince of Qin*, Fan Kuai appears as a non-playable character and the player can find out Liu Bang's whereabouts from him.

In real life, his direct descendants are still living in Pei County (沛县), the hometown of Fan Kuai. Honoring him by keeping the good name for the family, well known in the local for their effective traditional Chinese medical skills. Fan Lei (樊蕾), performed a good role in contemporary Chinese Visual Art, and education on Gongbi, extend the good tradition of the Chinese culture.

In Romance of Three Kingdoms, Xu Chu the general and guard of Cao Cao, who were known as the "Tiger Warriors" (虎士). Cao Cao claimed him : "This man is my Fan Kuai!" Fan Kuai is the epitome of a brave guard.

## InfoBox

| Fan Kuai | |
| --- | --- |
| 樊噲 | |
| A Ming dynasty illustration of Fan Kuai | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 242 BC?
Feng County, Jiangsu |
| Died | 189 BC |
| Spouse | Lü Xu |
| Children | * Fan Kang * Fan Shiren * *one daughter* |
| Occupation | General |
| Posthumous name | Marquis Wu (武侯) |
| Peerage | Marquis of Wuyang
(舞陽侯) |
|  | |


abstract: Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each. The constituency of Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire East was one of them. It consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Aylesbury, Banbury, Beaconsfield, Buckingham, Chesham and Amersham, Henley, and Wycombe.

text:
# Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire East (European Parliament constituency)

Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of **Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire East** was one of them.

It consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies (on their 1983 boundaries) of Aylesbury, Banbury, Beaconsfield, Buckingham, Chesham and Amersham, Henley, and Wycombe.

## Members of the European Parliament

| Election | | Member | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1994 | James Elles | Conservative |
|  | 1999 | *Constituency abolished: see South East England* | |

## Election results

European Parliament election, 1994: Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire East
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **James Elles** | **77,037** | **42.3** |  |
|  | Labour | Duncan S.T. Enright | 46,372 | 25.5 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Sharon Bowles | 42,836 | 23.6 |  |
|  | Green | Lee Roach | 8,433 | 4.6 |  |
|  | Liberal | Mrs. Alison C. Micklem | 5,111 | 2.8 |  |
|  | Natural Law | Geoffrey Clements | 2,156 | 1.2 |  |
| Majority | | | 30,665 | 16.8 |  |
| Turnout | | | 181,945 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **win** (new seat) | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire East | |
| --- | --- |
| European Parliament constituency | |
| European Parliament logo | |
| Member state | United Kingdom |
| Created | 1994 |
| Dissolved | 1999 |
| MEPs | 1 |
| Sources | |
|  | |


title: Czarny Dunajec

abstract: Czarny Dunajec is a town located in southern Poland near the Polish-Slovak border in a valley alongside a river of the same name. Czarny Dunajec is the seat of the gmina, belonging to the Nowy Targ County (Polish: Powiat Nowotarski) and in the Lesser Poland.

text:
# Czarny Dunajec

**Czarny Dunajec** \[ˈt͡ʂarnɨ duˈnajɛt͡s\] is a town located in southern Poland near the Polish-Slovak border in a valley alongside a river of the same name.

Czarny Dunajec is the seat of the gmina, belonging to the Nowy Targ County *(Polish: Powiat Nowotarski)* and in the Lesser Poland.

## History

Czarny Dunajec was founded around 1234. The local Catholic church was founded by starost of Nowy Targ Jan Pieniążek, his wife Zofia Pieniążkowa, sołtys Tomasz Miętus and first parish priest Szymon Bukowiński.

Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, Czarny Dunajec was occupied by Germany until 1945. From late 1940 to January 1943, the Germans operated a forced labour camp for Jews in the town. On May 20, 1942, the Gestapo executed two Jews and one Pole as punishment for aiding Jews.

## Transportation and tourism

Czarny Dunajec is about 60 miles south of Kraków with its international airport. The nearest railway station is in Nowy Targ.

The town is on intersection of the east-west and north-south voievodship roads, that are one of main ways to the Western Tatra and Zakopane mountain region as well as the nearby Chocholow thermal spa.

A local railway line through the valley was dismantled and converted to a cycling path.

Important peatlands are situated to the west and north-west of the town. Czarny Dunajec and Piekielnik were declared as a protected spa area by the Polish government in 2016.

## InfoBox

| Czarny Dunajec | |
| --- | --- |
| *Rynek* (Market Square) | |
|  | |
| Czarny Dunajec | |
| Coordinates: 49°26′22″N 19°51′15″E / 49.43944°N 19.85417°E / 49.43944; 19.85417 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lesser Poland |
| County | Nowy Targ |
| Gmina | Czarny Dunajec |
| Founded | 1230s |
| Area | |
| Total | 21.72 km2 (8.39 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| Total | 3,501 |
| Density | 160/km2 (420/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 34-470 |
| Area code | +48 18 |
| Car plates | KNT |


title: Knight academy

abstract: Knight academies were first established in Western European states in the late 16th century. They prepared aristocratic youth for state and military service. It added to the hitherto rudimentary education of the aristocratic youth natural science, statesmanship and languages. Later many converted to humanistic high schools.

text:
# Knight academy

**Knight academies** were first established in Western European states in the late 16th century. They prepared aristocratic youth for state and military service. It added to the hitherto rudimentary education of the aristocratic youth natural science, statesmanship and languages. Later many converted to humanistic high schools.

## History

Institutions exclusively for the education of nobles emerged only in the second half of the 16th century. They had their origin in Southern and Western Europe and were then also established in the Holy Roman Empire.

At first sons of nobles went to French academies during their Grand Tour. The first German institution modeled on the French ones was the Collegium illustre of Tübingen, founded in 1594. In 1598, another knight academy was founded in Kassel. In the course of the 17th century, many more facilities were founded, such as the *Kriegs- und Ritterschule* of Siegen.

After the Thirty Years' War, two new academies in Lüneburg (1655) and Wolfenbüttel (1687) were founded. Other foundations of this type emerged in many areas until the 18th century.

In the wake of the reforms of Joseph II all aristocratic educational institutions were dissolved. After Joseph II death only the Theresian Military Academy in Vienna and the Innsbruck Academy were re-opened. In the 19th century academies lost influence in the rise of Gymnasiums. With some exceptions, they were either closed or converted into secondary schools.

## Knight academies


title: Uhtjärve

abstract: Uhtjärve is a village in Antsla Parish, Võru County in Estonia. As of the 2021 census, the population was 71. Uhtjärve has an area of 8.559 km² and a Population Density [2021] of 8.295/km².

text:
# Uhtjärve

**Uhtjärve** is a village in Antsla Parish, Võru County in Estonia. As of the 2021 census, the population was 71.

Uhtjärve has an area of 8.559 km² and a Population Density \[2021\] of 8.295/km².

Population structure in 2021
| Gender | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Male | 39 | 54.9% |
| Female | 32 | 45.1% |
| **Total** | **71** | **100%** |

## InfoBox

| Uhtjärve | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 57°53′34″N 26°33′33″E / 57.892777777778°N 26.559166666667°E / 57.892777777778; 26.559166666667 | |
| Country | Estonia |
| County | Võru County |
| Parish | Antsla Parish |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Constância (parish)

abstract: Constância is a parish (freguesia) in the municipality of Constância in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 993, in an area of 8.83 km². It was originally named Punhete.

text:
# Constância (parish)

**Constância** is a parish (*freguesia*) in the municipality of Constância in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 993, in an area of 8.83 km². It was originally named **Punhete**.

## InfoBox

| Constância | |
| --- | --- |
| Civil parish | |
|  | |
| ConstânciaLocation in Portugal | |
| Coordinates: 39°28′37″N 8°20′20″W / 39.477°N 8.339°W / 39.477; -8.339 | |
| Country | Portugal |
| Region | Oeste e Vale do Tejo |
| Intermunic. comm. | Médio Tejo |
| District | Santarém |
| Municipality | Constância |
| Area | |
| Total | 8.83 km2 (3.41 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 993 |
| Density | 110/km2 (290/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC±00:00 (WET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+01:00 (WEST) |


title: Elizabeth Peet

abstract: Elizabeth Peet was an American educator of the deaf who taught at Gallaudet University for more than fifty years. Born to a deaf mother and a hearing father, Peet learned American Sign Language at an early age, and was a scholar in the history and etymology of ASL signs. She was described by U.S. Representative George P. Miller in 1950 as "a tiny lady who is considered the world's leading authority on sign language."

text:
# Elizabeth Peet

**Elizabeth Peet** (March 26, 1874  June 29, 1961) was an American educator of the deaf who taught at Gallaudet University for more than fifty years. Born to a deaf mother and a hearing father, Peet learned American Sign Language at an early age, and was a scholar in the history and etymology of ASL signs. She was described by U.S. Representative George P. Miller in 1950 as "a tiny lady who is considered the world's leading authority on sign language."

## Early life

Elizabeth Peet was born in New York City on March 26, 1874. Peet grew up as a CODA (child of deaf adult), as her mother, poet Mary Toles Peet, was deaf and used American Sign Language (ASL) to communicate. Her father and grandfather were both educators of the deaf: her grandfather Harvey P. Peet served as the president of the New York Institution for the Deaf for decades, while her father Isaac Lewis Peet grew up on the campus and would later become president of the same institution. Elizabeth's parents met while Isaac was a teacher at the school and Mary was a student.

Elizabeth learned to sign at a young age and had a close relationship with her mother. She attended private schools and was tutored in Latin by her father.

At age sixteen Peet passed the entrance exam for Harvard University but decided to travel with her father as his personal secretary.

## Career

After the death of her father in December 1898, Peet joined the Rhode Island School for the Deaf as a teacher in training. In the spring of 1900 Edward Miner Gallaudet traveled to Rhode Island to ask Peet to join the faculty at Gallaudet, although she did not have an academic degree at the time. She was the first woman to have a faculty position at the school.

Peet taught multiple subjects, including English, Latin, and French, as well as sign language to hearing students and faculty. She also frequently served as an interpreter.

While teaching at Gallaudet, she earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from George Washington University in 1918. She would be awarded two honorary degrees: a Masters of Arts from Gallaudet in 1923 and an honorary Doctor of Pedagogy from George Washington University in 1937. Peet also spent time studying at the Sorbonne and was awarded the Certificat apres Examen, Cours speciaux d'Ete in 1932.

In 1928 Peet was named Dean of Women at Gallaudet; she held that position until her retirement in 1951, succeeded by Elizabeth English Benson. Peet was elected as the Dean of the Midcentury by the National Association of Deans of Women. She also served as the assistant editor of the *American Annals of the Deaf* from 1942 to 1945.

## Death and legacy

The Elizabeth Peet Residence Hall was dedicated in 1956, five years after her retirement. Peet died on June 29, 1961. She was inducted into the Gallaudet University Hall of Fame.

The Elizabeth Peet Award is given annually to an outstanding graduate student in school psychology at Gallaudet.

## InfoBox

| Elizabeth Peet | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | March 26, 1874 <br>New York City |
| Died | June 29, 1961  (aged 87) |
| Alma mater |  |
| Occupation | Educator, academic administrator |
| Parent(s) | * Mary Toles Peet |


title: Fan Kexin

abstract: Fan Kexin is a Chinese short-track speed-skater. She has been on the Chinese national team since 2010. She won two silver medals in the 500 meters and 3000 meters relay at the 2010 ISU World Junior Championships. In 2011, she won her first gold medal at the World Championships on the 500 meters and another gold medal in the 3000 meters relay. She won a gold medal in the 3000 m relay event and a silver medal in the 500 m event in 2012. In the 2014 Winter Olympics, she had been regarded as the favorite in 500 meters before the game since she was 2nd on that distance in the 2013–2014 season while the strongest Chinese skater Wang Meng was injured and couldn't participate. However, she fell in the second lap in the semifinals and ranked 5th at last. She won a silver medal eight days later in 1000 meters. In the 2022 Winter Olympics, Fan won a gold medal in the 2000 m mixed relay but failed to advance in the 500m quarter-final. Controversy emerged after footage of her appearing to flick a lane marker in her opponent's path, causing her opponent to crash; it was unclear whether her action was deliberate.

text:
# Fan Kexin

**Fan Kexin** (Chinese: 范可新; pinyin: *Fàn Kěxīn*; Mandarin pronunciation: \[fân kʰɤ̀ ɕín\]; born 19 September 1993) is a Chinese short-track speed-skater. She has been on the Chinese national team since 2010. She won two silver medals in the 500 meters and 3000 meters relay at the 2010 ISU World Junior Championships. In 2011, she won her first gold medal at the World Championships on the 500 meters and another gold medal in the 3000 meters relay. She won a gold medal in the 3000 m relay event and a silver medal in the 500 m event in 2012.

In the 2014 Winter Olympics, she had been regarded as the favorite in 500 meters before the game since she was 2nd on that distance in the 2013–2014 season while the strongest Chinese skater Wang Meng was injured and couldn't participate. However, she fell in the second lap in the semifinals and ranked 5th at last. She won a silver medal eight days later in 1000 meters.

In the 2022 Winter Olympics, Fan won a gold medal in the 2000 m mixed relay but failed to advance in the 500m quarter-final. Controversy emerged after footage of her appearing to flick a lane marker in her opponent's path, causing her opponent to crash; it was unclear whether her action was deliberate.

## International competition podiums

| Date | Competition | Location | Rank | Event | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 9 January 2010 | 2010 World Junior Championships, Taipei | Taipei Arena |  | 500 m | 45.718 |
| 10 January 2010 | 2010 World Junior Championships, Taipei | Taipei Arena |  | 3000 m relay | 4:24.697 |
| 24 October 2010 | 2010–11 ISU World Cup, Montreal | Maurice Richard Arena |  | 3000 m relay | 4:16.924 |
| 31 October 2010 | 2010–11 ISU World Cup, Quebec City | Pavillon de la Jeunesse |  | 500 m | 44.225 |
| 31 October 2010 | 2010–11 ISU World Cup, Quebec City | Pavillon de la Jeunesse |  | 3000 m relay | 4:13.008 |
| 4 December 2010 | 2010–11 ISU World Cup, Changchun | Changchun Wuhuan Gymnasium |  | 500 m | 44.304 |
| 5 December 2010 | 2010–11 ISU World Cup, Changchun | Changchun Wuhuan Gymnasium |  | 500 m | 44.475 |
| 12 December 2010 | 2010–11 ISU World Cup, Shanghai | Songjiang University Students Sports Center |  | 3000 m relay | 4:16.645 |
| 1 February 2011 | 2011 Asian Winter Games, Astana-Almaty | Republican Cycling Track |  | 500 m | 44.070 |
| 2 February 2011 | 2011 Asian Winter Games, Astana-Almaty | Republican Cycling Track |  | 3000 m relay | 4:18.836 |
| 13 February 2011 | 2010–11 ISU World Cup, Moscow | Megasport Arena |  | 3000 m relay | 4:12.308 |
| 12 March 2011 | 2011 World Championships, Sheffield | Sheffield Arena |  | 500 m | 44.620 |
| 13 March 2011 | 2011 World Championships, Sheffield | Sheffield Arena |  | 3000 m relay | 4:16.295 |
| 20 March 2011 | 2011 World Team Championships, Warsaw | Torwar II |  | Team | 34 points |
| 23 October 2011 | 2011–12 ISU World Cup, Salt Lake City | Utah Olympic Oval |  | 3000 m relay | 4:12.774 |
| 30 October 2011 | 2011–12 ISU World Cup, Saguenay | Centre Georges-Vézina |  | 3000 m relay | 4:13.559 |
| 4 December 2011 | 2011–12 ISU World Cup, Nagoya | Nippon Gaishi Hall |  | 3000 m relay | 4:16.251 |
| 10 December 2011 | 2011–12 ISU World Cup, Shanghai | Oriental Sports Center |  | 500 m | 43.873 |
| 11 December 2011 | 2011–12 ISU World Cup, Shanghai | Oriental Sports Center |  | 500 m | 44.130 |
| 11 December 2011 | 2011–12 ISU World Cup, Shanghai | Oriental Sports Center |  | 3000 m relay | 4:12.394 |
| 5 February 2012 | 2011–12 ISU World Cup, Moscow | Megasport Arena |  | 500 m | 43.899 |
| 5 February 2012 | 2011–12 ISU World Cup, Moscow | Megasport Arena |  | 3000 m relay | 4:13.374 |
| 11 February 2012 | 2011–12 ISU World Cup, Dordrecht | Sportboulevard |  | 1500 m | 2:33.012 |
| 12 February 2012 | 2011–12 ISU World Cup, Dordrecht | Sportboulevard |  | 3000 m relay | 4:16.887 |
| 10 March 2012 | 2012 World Championships, Shanghai | Oriental Sports Center |  | 500 m | 43.887 |
| 11 March 2012 | 2012 World Championships, Shanghai | Oriental Sports Center |  | 3000 m relay | 4:13.855 |
| 21 October 2012 | 2012–13 ISU World Cup, Calgary | Olympic Oval |  | 3000 m relay | 4:07.530 |
| 28 October 2012 | 2012–13 ISU World Cup, Montreal | Maurice Richard Arena |  | 3000 m relay | 4:14.305 |
| 2 December 2012 | 2012–13 ISU World Cup, Nagoya | Nippon Gaishi Hall |  | 3000 m relay | 4:11.843 |
| 9 December 2012 | 2012–13 ISU World Cup, Shanghai | Oriental Sports Center |  | 500 m | 43.724 |
| 9 December 2012 | 2012–13 ISU World Cup, Shanghai | Oriental Sports Center |  | 3000 m relay | 4:07.660 |
| 3 February 2013 | 2012–13 ISU World Cup, Sochi | Iceberg Skating Palace |  | 500 m | 44.074 |
| 3 February 2013 | 2012–13 ISU World Cup, Sochi | Iceberg Skating Palace |  | 3000 m relay | 4:10.425 |
| 10 February 2013 | 2012–13 ISU World Cup, Dresden | EnergieVerbund Arena |  | 3000 m relay | 4:13.148 |
| 9 March 2013 | 2013 World Championships, Debrecen | Főnix Hall |  | 500 m | 44.202 |
| 10 March 2013 | 2013 World Championships, Debrecen | Főnix Hall |  | 3000 m relay | 4:14.104 |
| 28 September 2013 | 2013–14 ISU World Cup, Shanghai | Oriental Sports Center |  | 500 m | 43.279 |
| 29 September 2013 | 2013–14 ISU World Cup, Shanghai | Oriental Sports Center |  | 3000 m relay | 4:08.405 |
| 5 October 2013 | 2013–14 ISU World Cup, Seoul | Mokdong Ice Rink |  | 500 m | 43.130 |
| 6 October 2013 | 2013–14 ISU World Cup, Seoul | Mokdong Ice Rink |  | 3000 m relay | 4:08.128 |
| 9 November 2013 | 2013–14 ISU World Cup, Torino | PalaTazzoli |  | 500 m | 43.783 |
| 10 November 2013 | 2013–14 ISU World Cup, Torino | PalaTazzoli |  | 3000 m relay | 4:11.404 |
| 16 November 2013 | 2013–14 ISU World Cup, Kolomna | Kolomna Speed Skating Center |  | 500 m | 43.203 |
| 17 November 2013 | 2013–14 ISU World Cup, Kolomna | Kolomna Speed Skating Center |  | 3000 m relay | 4:06.785 |
| 21 February 2014 | 2014 Winter Olympics, Sochi | Iceberg Skating Palace |  | 1000 m | 1:29.380 |
| 15 March 2014 | 2014 World Championships, Montreal | Maurice Richard Arena |  | 500 m | 42.942 |
| 16 March 2014 | 2014 World Championships, Montreal | Maurice Richard Arena |  | 3000 m relay | 4:08.811 |
| 8 November 2014 | 2014–15 ISU World Cup, Salt Lake City | Utah Olympic Oval |  | 1000 m | 1:30.422 |
| 9 November 2014 | 2014–15 ISU World Cup, Salt Lake City | Utah Olympic Oval |  | 500 m | 42.504 (WR) |
| 9 November 2014 | 2014–15 ISU World Cup, Salt Lake City | Utah Olympic Oval |  | 3000 m relay | 4:06.952 |
| 15 November 2014 | 2014–15 ISU World Cup, Montreal | Maurice Richard Arena |  | 500 m | 43.161 |
| 13 December 2014 | 2014–15 ISU World Cup, Shanghai | Oriental Sports Center |  | 500 m | 43.272 |
| 14 December 2014 | 2014–15 ISU World Cup, Shanghai | Oriental Sports Center |  | 3000 m relay | 4:08.933 |
| 21 December 2014 | 2014–15 ISU World Cup, Seoul | Mokdong Ice Rink |  | 500 m | 43.747 |
| 21 December 2014 | 2014–15 ISU World Cup, Seoul | Mokdong Ice Rink |  | 3000 m relay | 4:16.782 |
| 7 February 2015 | 2014–15 ISU World Cup, Dresden | EnergieVerbund Arena |  | 1000 m | 1:30.451 |
| 8 February 2015 | 2014–15 ISU World Cup, Dresden | EnergieVerbund Arena |  | 500 m | 43.763 |
| 15 February 2015 | 2014–15 ISU World Cup, Erzurum | Palandöken Ice Skating Hall |  | 500 m | 43.009 |
| 15 February 2015 | 2014–15 ISU World Cup, Erzurum | Palandöken Ice Skating Hall |  | 3000 m relay | 4:13.026 |
| 14 March 2015 | 2015 World Championships, Moscow | Ice Palace Krylatskoye |  | 500 m | 43.866 |
| 15 March 2015 | 2015 World Championships, Moscow | Ice Palace Krylatskoye |  | 3000 m relay | 4:18.595 |
| 5 February 2022 | 2022 Winter Olympics, Beijing | Capital Indoor Stadium |  | 2000 m mixed relay | 2:37.348 |

## InfoBox

Fan Kexin
| Fan in 2015 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Born | (1993-09-19) 19 September 1993
Qitaihe, Heilongjiang, China |
| Height | 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) |
| Weight | 55 kg (121 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Country | China |
| Sport | Short track speed skating |
| Event(s) | 500 m, 1000 m |
| Club | Heilongjiang Province |
| Coached by | Li Yan |
| Achievements and titles | |
| Personal best(s) | 500m: 42.504 (2014)
1000m: 1:29.380 (2014)
1500m: 2:25.978 (2012)
3000m: 5:14.311 (2017) |
| Medal record      Women's short track speed skating  Representing  China   Event 1st 2nd 3rd  Olympic Games 1 1 1  World Championships 11 2 2  World Team Championships 0 1 0  Asian Games 1 2 0  Total 13 6 3   Olympic Games  2022 Beijing 2000 m mixed relay  2014 Sochi 1000 m  2022 Beijing 3000 m relay  World Championships  2011 Sheffield 500 m  2011 Sheffield 3000 m relay  2012 Shanghai 500 m  2012 Shanghai 3000 m relay  2013 Debrecen 3000 m relay  2014 Montreal 3000 m relay  2015 Moscow 500 m  2016 Seoul 500 m  2017 Rotterdam 500 m  2017 Rotterdam 3000 m relay  2024 Rotterdam 2000 m mixed relay  2015 Moscow 3000 m relay  2019 Sofia 500 m  2013 Debrecen 500 m  2014 Montreal 500 m  Asian Winter Games  2011 Astana-Almaty 3000 m relay  2011 Astana-Almaty 500 m  2017 Sapporo 3000 m relay  World Team Championships  2011 Warsaw Team  World Junior Championships  2010 Taipei 500 m  2010 Taipei 3000 m relay | |


title: Rosenbaum Brothers Department Store

abstract: Rosenbaum Brothers Department Store (1849–1971) in its prime was one of the largest department stores between Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1848 in the City of Cumberland, Maryland along Baltimore Street, the Rosenbaum Department store once employed over 200 people. Their building was a 10,000-square-foot (930 m⁲), five-story building with bay windows. Trimmed stone, anthropomorphic sculptures on the keystones, and lions heads along the roofline comprise a few of the decorative architectal details. The building was constructed in 1897-1898 and opened in 1899. Today, The Rosenbaum building is vacant.

text:
# Rosenbaum Brothers Department Store

**Rosenbaum Brothers Department Store** (1849–1971) in its prime was one of the largest department stores between Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1848 in the City of Cumberland, Maryland along Baltimore Street, the Rosenbaum Department store once employed over 200 people. Their building was a 10,000-square-foot (930 m2), five-story building with bay windows. Trimmed stone, anthropomorphic sculptures on the keystones, and lions heads along the roofline comprise a few of the decorative architectal details. The building was constructed in 1897-1898 and opened in 1899.

Today, The Rosenbaum building is vacant.

1. Albert L. Feldstein, "Allegany County, MD", Arcadia Publishing, 2006, page 22


title: Saldinia

abstract: Saldinia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rubiaceae. Its native range is Comoros and Madagascar.

text:
# Saldinia

***Saldinia*** is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rubiaceae.

Its native range is Comoros and Madagascar.

## Species

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Saldinia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Rubiaceae |
| Genus: | *Saldinia*<br>A.Rich. ex DC. |
|


title: Sybra punctata

abstract: Sybra punctata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fisher in 1925.

text:
# Sybra punctata

***Sybra punctata*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fisher in 1925.

## InfoBox

| *Sybra punctata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Sybra* |
| Species: | ***S. punctata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Sybra punctata***<br>Fisher, 1925 | |
|


title: Knight and Bessborough Reservoirs

abstract: Knight and Bessborough Reservoirs is a 63.4-hectare (157-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Walton-on-Thames in Surrey. It is part of South West London Waterbodies Ramsar site and Special Protection Area Knight Reservoir and Bessborough Reservoir support many wildfowl, including nationally important numbers of wintering shovelers and substantial populations of gadwalls, cormorants and goldeneyes. The site is private land with no public access.

text:
# Knight and Bessborough Reservoirs

**Knight and Bessborough Reservoirs** is a 63.4-hectare (157-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Walton-on-Thames in Surrey. It is part of South West London Waterbodies Ramsar site and Special Protection Area

Knight Reservoir and Bessborough Reservoir support many wildfowl, including nationally important numbers of wintering shovelers and substantial populations of gadwalls, cormorants and goldeneyes.

The site is private land with no public access.

51°24′00″N 0°23′35″W / 51.400°N 0.393°W / 51.400; -0.393

## InfoBox

Knight and Bessborough Reservoirs
| Site of Special Scientific Interest | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Surrey |
| Grid reference | TQ 119 680 |
| Interest | Biological |
| Area | 63.4 hectares (157 acres) |
| Notification | 1999 |
| Location map | *Magic Map* |


title: Canadian Spinal Research Organization

abstract: The Canadian Spinal Research Organization (SCRO) is a nationally registered charity whose mission is to improve the physical quality of life for persons with spinal cord injuries (SCI) and related neurological deficits, as well as to reduce the number of spinal cord injuries through awareness and prevention programs.

text:
# Canadian Spinal Research Organization

The **Canadian Spinal Research Organization** (**SCRO**) is a nationally registered charity whose mission is to improve the physical quality of life for persons with spinal cord injuries (SCI) and related neurological deficits, as well as to reduce the number of spinal cord injuries through awareness and prevention programs.

## History

In 1982, Ray Wickson was involved in an accident leaving him paralyzed. While recovering at the Lyndhurst Rehabilitation Centre, in Toronto, Ontario, Wickson began to inquire about the possibility of finding a cure for paralysis. He learned from the US-based Spinal Cord Society (SCS) that there had been little research conducted on spinal cord injuries since 1945. In 1983, Wickson joined SCS and was asked to form a Canadian office, of which he did so shortly thereafter.

SCSC (Spinal Cord Society Canada) became a branch office for SCS U.S.A, founded by Dr. Charles Carson. Ray Wickson became the Canadian head of this international organization dedicated to "cure research", which focused on finding a cure for chronic spinal cord injuries. In the mid-1980s there were two main chapters in existence that were raising funds for research in Ontario, one in Mississauga, Ontario, headed by Jocelyn Lovell, the other in Barrie headed by Antony Gariepy.

In 1987, Ray Wickson was asked to resign from SCS due to a crisis of leadership, and shortly after this, he quit, leaving him free to create an identical organization in Canada called CSRO. The Canadian Spinal Research Organization was originally a concept from SCS U.S.A. founder, Dr. Charles Carson who observed the long-held hopeless dogma promulgated by the medical establishment in respect to finding a cure for spinal cord injuries, and the need to challenge the status quo.

After his resignation in 1987, Wickson connected with Barry Munro, who was a patient in rehab at Lyndhurst Hospital at the time, after he sustained a spinal cord injury from a diving accident. Wickson started the CSRO on February 14, 1984, under the name Spinal Cord Society of Canada. At that time, no other chapters followed him into this new venture other than his newest recruit Barry Munro.

Wickson uses the rational and structure of SCS U.S.A., as the basis for CSRO, which originated by Dr. Charles Carson of Fergus Falls, Minnesota. As the name Spinal Cord Society Canada was a legitimate licensed charity in Canada under the auspices of the American headquarters, Wickson's formation of CSRO was done so in attempt to distance himself from them, but at the same time utilize the funds generated under their name. He even went so far as to litigate the release of funds from Chapters that refused to follow his attempt to tear apart the organization. Wickson eventually paid himself out of these funds because up to this point his involvement was purely on a volunteer basis. CSRO now became a way for him and his new recruit Barry Munro to secure paid positions.

Together, Munro and Wickson using the funds generated under the banner of SCS, formed the CSRO to legitimize their new requirement of receiving a financial remuneration. Initially, operating out of Wickson's house, the charity generated approximately $25,000 in the first few years. On June 12, 1992, the organization changed its name to the Canadian Spinal Research Organization from SCSC to distance their volunteer past.

## Mission

The Canadian Spinal Research Organization is dedicated to the improvement of the physical quality of life for persons with a spinal cord injury and those with related neurological deficits, through targeted medical and scientific research. The CSRO is also committed to the reduction of spinal cord injuries through awareness programs for the general public and prevention programs for targeted groups.

## SCI and CSRO research

The CSRO strives to find a cure for paralysis and improve the quality of life for people with spinal cord injuries by funding SCI research. Ninety percent of what we know about SCI has been discovered in the last 20 years. Currently, there is no cure for SCI; however, there have been many advances in the laboratories around the world.

### Research previously funded by the CSRO

The CSRO has supported a number of research efforts over the years, leading to promising discoveries and therapies. A great accomplishment of the CSRO came in late January 2010. After 20 years of development, CSRO and Acorda Therapeutics announced marketing approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for Ampyra (generic name dalfampridine), an oral treatment to improve walking in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The CSRO has also funded the administration of L1 in promoting nerve regeneration, and Clenbuterol-a potential therapeutic aid towards the limitation of muscle wasting associated with spinal cord injuries.

### Projects currently funded by the CSRO

Currently the CSRO is funding Gene Therapy as well as Enteric Glia.

### Cure and care research

**Cure research** focuses on the causes of a condition or illness and seeks to not only arrest deterioration, but also reverse the process, thereby achieving complete recovery. While there are a great number of studies, realistically there will not be a solitary finding that provides "the silver bullet" to cure SCI. More probable is the discrete development of a multitude of therapies that used in combination will enable individuals to return to the level of functioning they experience pre-injury. The current areas of cure research are neuroprotection, regeneration, transplantation, and rehabilitation.

**Care research** focuses on the means of improving the quality of life for individuals living with SCI. One means of achieving increased quality of life is by advancing the ability of persons with SCI to function successfully within the community. Researchers make strides in this area by investigating and improving "best practice models", which caregivers, peers and family members use to treat and educate consumers. One of the primary goals of early intervention and stabilization is to promote the recovery of function. Typically, care oriented research is conducted in clinical settings such as rehabilitation centers. The current areas of care research are physical and psychosocial.

## Fundraising and awareness

The CSRO and ASRO have organized several campaigns and programs that educate the general public about spinal cord injuries and raise money for spinal cord injury (SCI) research.

### Shoot for a cure

One program that the CSRO has been involved in since 2000 is the **Shoot For A Cure** campaign. Initially involving only the hockey community, Shoot For A Cure has expanded to target the curling, motor-sport, and horse racing industries in order to raise awareness about spinal cord injuries in the general public and raise money for SCI research.

The Shoot For A Cure campaign also seeks to promote prevention of hockey-related spinal cord injuries through the Play it Cool prevention program. Since the induction of Shoot For A Cure, over $2,000,000 has been raised to further research and development for continued commitment to find a cure and prevent future injury.

### Play it cool

A program under the Shoot For A Cure awareness campaign is the Play It Cool youth injury prevention program. Play It Cool is a skill enhancement program, which aims to reduce the incidence of neurotrauma in hockey. This program is used to equip minor hockey players with the knowledge and skills that may prevent a hockey-related spinal cord injury and is developed to target hockey players, parents, coaches, and officials. Built on the foundation of scientific research by Dr. William Montelpare at Lakehead University, the Play It Cool website is an online platform uniting partners from the hockey community across North America to ultimately be the solution for creating a safer more effective game of hockey.

Supporters of Play It Cool include:

## InfoBox

Canadian Spinal Research Organization
| Abbreviation | CSRO |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Non-profit organizations based in Canada |
| Legal status | Active |
| Purpose | Finding a cure for paralysis, research, support |
| Headquarters | Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Region served | Canada |
| Official language | English |
| Affiliations | Shoot For A Cure, Play It Cool |
| Website | www.csro.com |


title: Esei Ha'angana

abstract: Esei Ha'angana is an Australian professional rugby union player for the Melbourne Rebels in Super Rugby. His position is lock.

text:
# Esei Ha'angana

**Esei Ha'angana** (born 21 April 1999) is an Australian professional rugby union player for the Melbourne Rebels in Super Rugby. His position is lock.

## Career

Ha'angana made his debut for the Rebels against the Lions as a late bench replacement for Colby Fainga'a before replacing Amanaki Mafi in the 5th minute in a defeat for the Rebels.

## Super Rugby statistics

*As of 12 September 2020*

| Season | Team | Games | Starts | Sub | Mins | Tries | Cons | Pens | Drops | Points | Yel | Red |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2017 | Rebels | 5 | 0 | 5 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2018 | Rebels | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2019 | Rebels | 2 | 0 | 2 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2020 | Rebels | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2020 AU | Rebels | 4 | 1 | 3 | 98 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | | 11 | 1 | 10 | 173 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

## InfoBox

Esei Ha'angana
| Birth name | Esei Ha'angana |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1999-04-21) 21 April 1999 |
| Place of birth | Sydney, Australia |
| Height | 1.98 m (6 ft 6 in) |
| Weight | 118 kg (260 lb; 18 st 8 lb) |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Lock  Amateur team(s)  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2017–2019 Randwick  5  (0)  Senior career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2017–2019 Melbourne Rising  17  (0)  2021– Panasonic Wild Knights  1  (0)  Correct as of 21 February 2021  Super Rugby  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2017–2020 Rebels  11  (0)  Correct as of 29 September 2020 | |


title: Burke's Rangers

abstract: The Burke's Rangers was a company of provincial volunteers organized and led by Major John Burke in Massachusetts just before the French and Indian War. Burke was widely noted for his skill and daring in Indian warfare, and frequently served in campaigns against the Indians. Burke was initially commissioned as an ensign by Governor William Shirley and subsequently commissioned a lieutenant, then a captain. Toward the close of the French and Indian war, in 1760, he was commissioned a major by Governor Thomas Pownall.

text:
# Burke's Rangers

The **Burke's Rangers** was a company of provincial volunteers organized and led by Major John Burke in Massachusetts just before the French and Indian War. Burke was widely noted for his skill and daring in Indian warfare, and frequently served in campaigns against the Indians. Burke was initially commissioned as an ensign by Governor William Shirley and subsequently commissioned a lieutenant, then a captain. Toward the close of the French and Indian war, in 1760, he was commissioned a major by Governor Thomas Pownall.

## Background

Upon the conclusion of King Philip's War the Massachusetts provincial government sought to defend its borders by settling groups of veterans on lands captured during the war. This was seen as an inexpensive deterrent to continued hostilities with French colonists in New France and a way to bolster New England claims to contested border regions.

Bernardston, Massachusetts, initially known as Falls Fight Township, was a frontier settlement created by and for the families of soldiers who had fought in King Philip's War, specifically in the Battle of Turner's Falls, which was a major engagement fought under Captain William Turner in 1676. John Burke was an early settler of the town, arriving with his father who was one of the veterans granted land in Falls Fight.

In November 1734, the following was presented to the General Court of Massachusetts:

> A petition of Samuel Hunt, of Billerica, for himself and other survivors of the officers and soldiers that belonged to the company of Capt. Turner, and the representatives of them that are dead, shewing that the said company in 1676 engaged the Indian enemy at a place above Deerfield, and destroyed above three hundred of them, and, therefore, praying that this court would grant them a tract of land above Deerfield suitable to make a township.

The petition was granted and the proprietors of the new township began recruiting 60 families to settle in the town. John Burke, Samuel Connable, Lieutenant Ebenezer Sheldon, and his son Deacon Ebenezer Sheldon, built the first four houses, in 1738. They were made of hewn logs, with port-holes in the walls for defense against the Indians.

## Pre-war period

At his own expense, Burke built a stockade fort that stood "six rods on each side" (equivalent to about 100 feet). The stockade walls stood 12 feet high behind which the inhabitants repaired every night during the periods of intercultural frontier violence. The fort contained eight homes, protecting the settlement during attacks beginning in 1745 and later the French and Indian War.

The stockade was located on the traditional lands of the Wabanaki Confederacy, and in 1746, members of the confederacy attacked the fort in an effort to drive out the New England colonists. Although there were only two men in the fort besides Burke, the Indian raiders were driven off. At about the same time a band of Indians attempted to destroy Deacon Ebenezer Sheldon's house on Huckle Hill, but were repulsed by his father Lieutenant Ebenezer Sheldon, who appeared on the scene with aid just in time.The following year, Eliakim Sheldon, son of Lieutenant Ebenezer Sheldon, was shot while he was walking near his father's house. Lieutenant Sheldon was famous for his violent inclinations towards Native Americans, earning him the sobriquet the "Old Indian-Hunter".

On March 1, 1747, Burke was commissioned an ensign in a company of volunteers raised for the defense of the frontier under order of the Royal Governor of Massachusetts William Shirley who played a prominent role in the defense of the American colonies during the war. Burke's volunteers later began playing a defensive role in the Deerfield–Falltown region.

## French and Indian War

Burke and his company played an active role in the French and Indian War of 1755. During the fighting, the people of Falls Fight township suffered greatly as a result of the town being established on land still claimed by the Wabanaki Confederacy. Indians attacked the town. A number of colonial families moved from the frontier community to the safety of larger colonial towns. The militia from the township, led by then Ensign Burke, was called to service.

### Establishment of the "Rangers"

In 1757, Massachusetts began to pursue a policy of raising and deploying its forces on an ongoing basis each year, without waiting for requests of defenseless towns and almost abandoned garrisons. In addition to the colony's garrison troops,"one hundred men were employed on the eastern frontier, and forty-five under a captain and lieutenant, on the west side of the Connecticut River, to Range the woods north of Falltown." The latter company—known as Rangers—under the command of Captain John Burke, was stationed at Hinsdale's Fort, on the east bank of the Connecticut River. Burke began recruiting his company in the winter of 1756. The initial group of forty-five men included four Stockbridge Mahicans. Burke received his captain's commission on March 30, by which time he had seventy men enrolled in his company. They made frequent marches through the neighboring country for the purpose of discovering concealed Indians. Their course was sometimes along the main stream of West River, and again by its south or west branches. They frequently ascended to the top of West River Mountain to watch for the smoke of the enemy's camp fires. To enable them perform their difficult tasks, snow-shoes and moccasins were issued to the Rangers.

In the winter of 1756–57, the Rangers under Burke were stationed at the fort at Hinsdale, Massachusetts. There were no enemy attacks on the fort until April 20 when a party of about 70 Indians and French appeared. They captured four men and brought them back to Canada. Only two of the four prisoners survived to return.

### Crown Point Expedition

On April 11, 1755, Colonel Ephraim Williams of Deerfield sent a letter to John Burke offering him the position of captain-lieutenant in his regiment and requesting men for the expedition against Crown Point. He desired that "only good men be enlisted" and asked that the names of the men selected be sent immediately.

Marching north into French territory, in August 1755 the overall commander of the British forces, William Johnson, renamed Lac du Saint-Sacrement to Lake George in honor of his king. On 8 September 1755, Johnson's forces held their ground in the Battle of Lake George. Johnson was wounded by a ball that was to remain in his hip or thigh for the rest of his life. Hendrick Theyanoguin, Johnson's Mohawk ally, was killed in the battle, and Baron Dieskau, the French commander, was captured.

Among the inhabitants of Bernardston who joined Burke's Rangers were Caleb Chapin and his two sons, Joel and Hezekiah. They were with Williams at the Battle of Lake George in September 1755, where Caleb Chapin was killed. He was wounded in the thick of battle while fighting by the side of his sons, and when he fell they sought to carry him away, but he commanded them to save themselves and leave him to die. They left him accordingly where he fell, and when, after the fight, they returned in search of him, they found him dead, with a tomahawk buried in his brain. This tomahawk is still preserved in the cabinet of the American Antiquarian Society at Worcester. Williams was killed in the battle as well, his body was hidden in the woods by the survivors to save it from desecration.

The battle brought an end to the expedition against Crown Point, and the soldiers built Fort William Henry at Lake George to strengthen the defenses there.

In 1757, Jonathan Carver, later explorer of the Upper Great Lakes and friend of Robert Rogers, enlisted in Burke's Rangers. He became a lieutenant in Burke's company.

Burke was at the surrender of Fort William Henry in August 1757, his company formed part of Colonel Frye's provincial regiment. According to local lore, he survived the subsequent massacre with only his breeches and his silver watch.

## Disbandment

In 1758, as Rogers' Rangers expanded from a company to a corps of 1,500 men, many provincial soldiers, including some from Burke's company joined Roger's Rangers. In April 1758, Major Rogers commissioned a former corporal from Burke's company, Joseph Wait, after he had fought with distinction in the Battle on Snowshoes in March. Wait later became a captain in the corps.

By 1762, Burke's Rangers had been disbanded. In the post war period, Burke continued to play an important role in the affairs of Bernardston. In 1763, he established a tavern in the center of the town, just south of where Weatherhead's saw-mill stood. The sign which used to swing in front of Burke's tavern is still preserved among the relics owned by the Pocomptuck Valley Association at Deerfield, Massachusetts.

## Footnotes

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Burke's Rangers | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 1747–1762 |
| Country | Great Britain |
| Allegiance | British Crown |
| Branch | Provincial troops: Rangers |
| Type | Reconnaissance, Light Infantry |
| Role | Reconnaissance, Light Infantry |
| Size | One company |
| Garrison/HQ | Fort William Henry |
| Engagements | King George's War
French and Indian War |
| Commanders | |
| Notable
commanders | John Burke |


title: Construção (song)

abstract: Construção is a song by Brazilian singer and composer Chico Buarque, recorded in 1971 for his album of the same name. The lyrics are in Brazilian Portuguese. The song is made of 14-syllable verses and each sentence ends with a proparoxytone word. The musical arrangements are by the musician Rogério Duprat. The song was made during one of the harshest times of the military dictatorship in Brazil, amid censorship and political persecution, soon after Buarque returned from Italy where he had previously moved to due to the threat of political persecution. In 2009, "Construção" was selected by Rolling Stone magazine as the greatest Brazilian song of all time. The song was featured in the 2016 Summer Olympics opening ceremony in Rio de Janeiro.

text:
# Construção (song)

***Construção*** (Portuguese for 'Construction') is a song by Brazilian singer and composer Chico Buarque, recorded in 1971 for his album of the same name.

The lyrics are in Brazilian Portuguese (with a Spanish version having been released later). The song is made of 14-syllable verses and each sentence ends with a proparoxytone word. The musical arrangements are by the musician Rogério Duprat.

The song was made during one of the harshest times of the military dictatorship in Brazil, amid censorship and political persecution, soon after Buarque returned from Italy where he had previously moved to due to the threat of political persecution. In 2009, "Construção" was selected by *Rolling Stone* magazine as the greatest Brazilian song of all time.

The song was featured in the 2016 Summer Olympics opening ceremony in Rio de Janeiro.

## Lyrics and music

"Construção" narrates the events of the last day of a construction worker's life, who is killed in the course of his daily activities. The song tells the story from the beginning of his day until his death. Over three sections of verses (stanzas), the narrator observes, organizes and communicates the daily activities that took place in a circular narration, sung in reiterative melody and poetic structure, modifying the viewing angle in each section by changing the placement of the last word. This replacement process creates strong imageries denoting the disposable nature of labor in a cut-throat capitalistic system that dehumanizes and disempowers workers and sees as disposable commodities. All three stanzas conclude in the worker's death with different semantic impact and imagery of powerful intensity.

As stated before, the lyrics are seen as a strong critique of the alienation of the worker in a modern, urban capitalist society, reduced to a mechanical condition, especially intensified in the third stanza. When the worker eventually falls to his death, the lyrics revealing that his body "smashed on the street" is a nuisance to "the traffic", "the crowd", and "the Saturday" (of the public), respectively.

The lyrics are constructed in order to add effective pathos incrementally, building a tour de force in meaning and image piece by piece, verse by verse. The song is known for its interchangeable last word of each line, which Buarque described as being put together "as if they were pieces of a board game."

|  | Fixed sentence | 1st stanza | 2nd stanza | 3rd stanza |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Amou daquela vez como se fosse
(*He made love that time as if \[it/he\] were*) | a última
(*the last \[time\]*) | o último
(*the last \[man\]*) | máquina
(*\[a\] machine*) |
| 2 | Beijou sua mulher como se fosse
(*He kissed his wife as if \[it/she\] were*) | a última
(*the last time/one*) | a única
(*the only one*) | lógico
(*logical*) |
| 3 | E cada filho seu como se fosse
(*And \[kissed\] each one of his sons as if s/he were*) | o único
(*the only one*) | o pródigo
(*prodigal*) | - |
| 4 | E atravessou a rua com seu passo
(*And walked across the street with steps \[that were\]* | tímido
(*timid*) | bêbado
(*drunk*) | - |
| 5 | Subiu a construção como se fosse
(*He went up the construction as if \[he/it\] were*) | máquina
(*\[a\] machine*) | sólido
(*solid*) | - |
| 6 | Ergueu no patamar quatro paredes
(*He raised on that floor four walls \[that were\]*) | sólidas
(*solid*) | mágicas
(*magical*) | flácidas
(*flaccid*) |
| 7 | Tijolo com tijolo num desenho
(*Brick by brick in a design \[that was\]*) | mágico
(*magical*) | lógico
(*logical*) | - |
| 8 | Seus olhos embotados de cimento e
(*His eyes turned blunt by cement and*) | lágrima
(*tears*) | tráfego
(*traffic*) | - |
| 9 | Sentou pra descansar como se fosse
(*He sat down to rest as if \[it/he\] were*) | *sábado*
(*Saturday*) | *um príncipe*
(*a prince*) | *um pássaro*
(*a bird*) |
| 10 | Comeu feijão com arroz como se fosse
(*He ate rice and beans as if \[he/it\] were*) | um príncipe
(*a prince*) | o máximo
(*awesome*) | - |
| 11 | Bebeu e soluçou como se fosse
(*He drank and sobbed as if \[he\] was*) | um náufrago
(*castaway*) | máquina
(*\[a\] machine*) | - |
| 12 | Dançou e gargalhou como se
(*He danced and laughed as if*) | ouvisse música
(*he listened to music*) | fosse o próximo
(*he was the next one*) | - |
| 13 | E tropeçou no céu como se
(*And stumbled in the sky as if he*) | fosse um bêbado
(*were drunk*) | ouvisse música
(*heard music*) | - |
| 14 | E flutuou no ar como se fosse
(*And floated in the air as if \[he/it\] were*) | um pássaro
(*a bird*) | sábado
(*Saturday*) | príncipe
(*a prince*) |
| 15 | E se acabou no chão feito um pacote
(*And ended up on the floor like a package \[that is\]*) | flácido
(*flaccid*) | tímido
(*timid*) | bêbado
(*drunk*) |
| 16 | Agonizou no meio do passeio
(*He agonized in the middle of the \[ \] sidewalk*) | público
(*public*) | náufrago
(*castaway*) | - |
| 17 | Morreu na contramão atrapalhando o
(*He died in the wrong lane as nuisance to the*) | tráfego
(*traffic*) | público
(*crowd/public*) | sábado
(*Saturday*) |
|

## InfoBox

| "Construção" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by Chico Buarque | |
| from the album  *Construção* | |
| Language | Brazilian Portuguese |
| English title | Construction |
| Released | 1971 (1971) |
| Recorded | 1971 |
| Genre | MPB |
| Length | 6:24 |
| Label | Phonogram/Philips |
| Songwriter(s) | Chico Buarque |
| Producer(s) | Roberto Menescal |


title: Elizabeth Peet McIntosh

abstract: Elizabeth "Betty" Peet McIntosh was known for her undercover work during World War II for the OSS.

text:
# Elizabeth Peet McIntosh

**Elizabeth "Betty" Peet McIntosh** (born **Elizabeth Sebree Peet**; March 1, 1915 – June 8, 2015) was known for her undercover work during World War II for the OSS (forerunner of the CIA).

## Early life

She was the daughter of two reporters and raised in Honolulu, Hawaii. While in Hawaii, McIntosh studied and learned to speak Japanese. She attended the University of Washington and earned a degree in journalism in 1935. She married her first husband, Alexander MacDonald, in 1937. McIntosh was near the attack on Pearl Harbor while working as a correspondent for the Scripps Howard news service. She then returned to the Washington, D.C. area once World War II had begun in order to cover Eleanor Roosevelt and other government activities.

## Work in the OSS

In January 1943, she was asked to join the Office of Strategic Services because she had become fluent in Japanese. She was then sent to India in July 1944, where her main job was to intervene in the postcard communication that troops would send home to India while stationed in Japan. She became one of the few women assigned to Morale Operations, along with future chef Julia Child who she befriended, where she created "disinformation," or fake reports, documents and postcards, which would "undermine Japanese morale."

McIntosh also served with Detachment 202 in China, where she helped develop propaganda leaflets. While in China, one of her assignments was to help create a script for a popular Chinese fortune teller to read on the radio, with the goal of causing distress among the Chinese and Japanese who listened. The script said that "something terrible is going to happen to Japan. We have checked the stars and there is something we can't even mention because it is so dreadful and it is going to eradicate one whole area of Japan." Later that day, the US dropped the atom bomb on Hiroshima, something that McIntosh's team had not known about prior to writing the script.

During her career for the OSS, McIntosh delivered an explosive masquerading as a lump of coal – the device was dubbed "black Joe" – to a Chinese operative of the OSS. The agent took the dynamite aboard a train ferrying Japanese soldiers and waited for the opportune moment to toss it into the engine before jumping to safety. The train blew up as it crossed a bridge.

Recounting the story in 2011, she confessed to some initial guilt over the many deaths. But she quickly reconsidered, saying about the TNT, "I was just the one who handed it to the guy who did the job."

## Later life

McIntosh went on to work for the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Voice of America, the State Department, and the United Nations.

In 1958, McIntosh began working for the CIA and worked there until she retired in 1973.

She lived in a farmhouse outside of Leesburg, Virginia for much of the rest of her life, with her third husband, Fred McIntosh.

## Published works

After her time with the OSS, McIntosh published her memoir, *Undercover Girl*, in 1947. She wrote two children's books as well: *Inki* (later republished as *Inky*) and *Palace Under the Sea*." She also wrote *Sisterhood of Spies: The Women of the OSS*, first published in 1998. In 2012, McIntosh was honored as one of the Library of Virginia's "Virginia Women in History".

## Death

McIntosh died on June 8, 2015, in Lake Ridge, Virginia after a heart attack. She was 100 years old. She was the last surviving female member assigned to the Morale Operations Branch of the OSS in World War II.

## InfoBox

| Elizabeth Peet McIntosh | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Elizabeth Sebree Peet
(1915-03-01)March 1, 1915
Washington, D.C., United States |
| Died | June 8, 2015(2015-06-08) (aged 100)
Lake Ridge, Virginia, United States |
| Spouse(s) | Alexander MacDonald (m. 1937–19??; divorced)
Richard Heppner (m. 1946–1958; his death)
Frederick McIntosh (m. 1962–2004; his death) |