title: USS Dyer

abstract: USS Dyer (DD-84) was a Wickes-class destroyer built for the United States Navy during World War I.

text:
# USS Dyer

**USS *Dyer* (DD-84)** was a *Wickes*-class destroyer built for the United States Navy during World War I.

## Description

The *Wickes* class was an improved and faster version of the preceding *Caldwell*-class. Two different designs were prepared to the same specification that mainly differed in the turbines and boilers used. The ships built to the Bethlehem Steel design, built in the Fore River and Union Iron Works shipyards, mostly used Yarrow boilers that deteriorated badly during service and were mostly scrapped during the 1930s. The ships displaced 1,202–1,208 long tons (1,221–1,227 t) at standard load and 1,295–1,322 long tons (1,316–1,343 t) at deep load. They had an overall length of 314 feet 4 inches (95.8 m), a beam of 30 feet 11 inches (9.4 m) and a draught of 9 feet 10 inches (3.0 m). They had a crew of 6 officers and 108 enlisted men.

Performance differed radically between the ships of the class, often due to poor workmanship. The *Wickes* class was powered by two steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by four water-tube boilers. The turbines were designed to produce a total of 27,000 shaft horsepower (20,000 kW) intended to reach a speed of 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph). The ships carried 225 long tons (229 t) of fuel oil which was intended gave them a range of 2,500 nautical miles (4,600 km; 2,900 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph).

The ships were armed with four 4-inch (102 mm) guns in single mounts and were fitted with two 1-pounder guns for anti-aircraft defense. Their primary weapon, though, was their torpedo battery of a dozen 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes in four triple mounts. In many ships a shortage of 1-pounders caused them to be replaced by 3-inch (76 mm) anti-aircraft (AA) guns. They also carried a pair of depth charge rails. A "Y-gun" depth charge thrower was added to many ships.

## Construction and career

*Dyer*, named for Nehemiah Mayo Dyer was launched 13 April 1918 by the Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, Massachusetts, sponsored by Miss Virginia Blackmur, and commissioned 1 July 1918. Assigned to U.S. patrol squadrons based on Gibraltar, *Dyer* sailed from New York 9 July 1918 with Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin Delano Roosevelt embarked for transportation to Plymouth, England. Arriving 21 July *Dyer* got underway 5 days later arriving Gibraltar on the 29th. On 4 August she began her service as escort for merchant convoys and Army transports between Gibraltar and Marseilles, France, making nine such voyages until the end of hostilities.

*Dyer* departed Gibraltar 29 January 1919 for service with U.S. Naval Forces in the central and eastern Mediterranean, and called at Split and Kotor, Dalmatia (today in Croatia and in Montenegro), and Brindisi, Italy, Constantinople, Turkey, and Beirut, Lebanon, before arriving at Venice 5 February. Operating from Venice as flagship for the force, *Dyer* took part in relief activities in the Balkans and Middle East, carried passengers and supplies in the Adriatic and aided in the execution of the terms of the Austrian Armistice until 16 April, when she sailed for the United States. *Dyer* arrived at New York 14 June 1919 with two Members of Congress embarked.

Between 1 October 1919 and 31 October 1920, *Dyer* was in reserve, in reduced commission. She operated out of Charleston, South Carolina, until 3 April 1922 when she sailed to Philadelphia Navy Yard. *Dyer* was decommissioned there 7 June 1922 and sold 8 September 1936.

As of 2019, no other ships in the United States Navy have carried this name.

* Friedman, Norman (1982). *U.S. Destroyers: An Illustrated Design History*. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-733-X.
* Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). *Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921*. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
* *This article incorporates text from the public domain* Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships*. The entry can be found here.*

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Namesake | Nehemiah Mayo Dyer |
| Builder | Fore River Shipyard, Quincy, Massachusetts |
| Laid down | 26 September 1917 |
| Launched | 13 April 1918 |
| Commissioned | 1 July 1918 |
| Decommissioned | 7 June 1922 |
| Stricken | 7 January 1936 |
| Fate | Sold, 8 September 1936 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Wickes*-class destroyer |
| Displacement | * 1,202–1,208 long tons (1,221–1,227 t) (standard) * 1,295–1,322 long tons (1,316–1,343 t) (deep load) |
| Length | 314 ft 4 in (95.8 m) |
| Beam | 30 ft 11 in (9.42 m) |
| Draught | 9 ft 10 in (3.0 m) |
| Installed power |  |
| Propulsion | 2 shafts, 2 steam turbines |
| Speed | 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph) (design) |
| Range | 2,500 nautical miles (4,600 km; 2,900 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) (design) |
| Complement | 6 officers, 108 enlisted men |
| Armament |  |


title: Cyperus correllii

abstract: Cyperus correllii is a species of sedge that is native to parts of the Bahamas.

text:
# Cyperus correllii

***Cyperus correllii*** is a species of sedge that is native to parts of the Bahamas.

## InfoBox

| *Cyperus correllii* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Cyperaceae |
| Genus: | *Cyperus* |
| Species: | ***C. correllii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cyperus correllii***
(T.Koyama) G.C.Tucker | |
|


abstract: Bryce Canyon Natural History Association (BCNHA) is a non-profit organization created in 1961 to aid the National Park Service at Bryce Canyon National Park, and the USDA Forest Service on the Dixie National Forest. A portion of the profits from all bookstore sales are donated to these public land units.

text:
# Bryce Canyon Natural History Association

**Bryce Canyon Natural History Association** (BCNHA) is a non-profit organization created in 1961 to aid the National Park Service at Bryce Canyon National Park, and the USDA Forest Service on the Dixie National Forest. A portion of the profits from all bookstore sales are donated to these public land units.

## BCNHA Role

BCNHA is a diverse organization and has an educational institution that functions as part of the interpretive arm of Bryce Canyon National Park. Donated funds are requested by the agencies to support educational, interpretive, and scientific activities or projects. These can include production and printing of free publications, construction of information kiosks, or the financing of roadside displays, trail guides and maps.

BCNHA offers a variety of publications dealing with the resources of its partner agencies, including geology, archeology, plants, wildlife and more. All items offered for sale are carefully reviewed by subject matter experts, and must be found to be educational in nature and of excellent interpretive value.

## History

The organization was originally part of the Zion-Bryce Natural History Association founded in 1930. Bryce Canyon Natural History Association was formally separated from Zion in 1961. In 2002, BCNHA expanded beyond its cooperative relationship with the National Park Service to begin serving the Forest Service on the Dixie National Forest and along Scenic Highway 12.

## High Plateaus Institute

The BCNHA is also in the process of implementing the High Plateaus Institute. The High Plateau Institute is a nonprofit field institute operated in partnership with Bryce Canyon National Park and Dixie National Forest. The institute will offer field courses and a research facility for the high plateau region of southern Utah. Institute courses are intended to appeal to students of all backgrounds, from teachers in search of new information for their classes, to researchers needing a base to analyze data. Courses will be located in various areas of southern Utah and taught by college professors, field biologists, and other experts.

## Board of trustees

The BCNHA is a non-profit, tax exempt 501(c)(3) organization governed by a board of trustees who serve without remuneration. The board is composed of community and professional leaders who have a special interest in Bryce Canyon and southern Utah. The Superintendent of Bryce Canyon National Park and the Chief of Interpretation as well as Forest Service representatives attend all board meetings to maintain a high level of coordination between the Association and its partners.


title: Scaphios

abstract: Scaphios is a genus of spiders in the family Oonopidae. It was first described in 2010 by Platnick & Dupérré. As of 2017, it contains 8 species, all found in Ecuador and Colombia.

text:
# Scaphios

***Scaphios*** is a genus of spiders in the family Oonopidae. It was first described in 2010 by Platnick & Dupérré. As of 2017, it contains 8 species, all found in Ecuador and Colombia.

## Species

*Scaphios* comprises the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Scaphios* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Oonopidae |
| Genus: | *Scaphios*
Dupérré |
|
| Type species | |
| *Scaphios yanayacu*
 | |
| Species | |
| 8, see text | |


title: Project SuperStar season 1

abstract: The first season of the Singaporean reality talent show Project SuperStar began on 22 June 2005 on MediaCorp Channel U. The show is hosted by Quan Yi Fong and Jeff Wang. The overall winner and runner-up received a talent management contract with Play Music and Universal Music Singapore respectively, together with MediaCorp. Billy Koh, Lee Wei Song, Roy Loi, Anthony Png and Dawn Yip were employed as the judges for the season. On 1 September 2005, winner of the male category Kelvin Tan was announced as the overall winner of the season with a 64%-36% final vote, with female category winner Kelly Poon as the overall runner-up. This season saw a profound success, and was introduced to a few contestants who would later become successful artistes: Darryl Yong who would later become a full-time Mediacorp artiste after participating another competition, Star Search, five years later in 2010, as well as Chen Jia Xin, Chew Sin Huey, Derrick Hoh, Hong Jun Yang, Sugianto and Hagen Tan, all of which became profound musicians in Singapore. The season also introduced Leon Lim, who would go on to finish as runner-up in the second season of MasterChef Singapore, 16 years later in 2021.

text:
# Project SuperStar season 1

The **first season** of the Singaporean reality talent show *Project SuperStar* began on 22 June 2005 on MediaCorp Channel U. The show is hosted by Quan Yi Fong and Jeff Wang. The overall winner and runner-up received a talent management contract with Play Music and Universal Music Singapore respectively, together with MediaCorp. Billy Koh, Lee Wei Song, Roy Loi, Anthony Png and Dawn Yip were employed as the judges for the season.

On 1 September 2005, winner of the male category Kelvin Tan was announced as the overall winner of the season with a 64%-36% final vote, with female category winner Kelly Poon as the overall runner-up.

This season saw a profound success, and was introduced to a few contestants who would later become successful artistes: Darryl Yong who would later become a full-time Mediacorp artiste after participating another competition, *Star Search*, five years later in 2010, as well as Chen Jia Xin, Chew Sin Huey, Derrick Hoh, Hong Jun Yang, Sugianto and Hagen Tan, all of which became profound musicians in Singapore. The season also introduced Leon Lim, who would go on to finish as runner-up in the second season of *MasterChef Singapore*, 16 years later in 2021.

## Judges and hosts

## Development

Over 4,000 aspirants auditioned for the competition when it was announced.

## Finalists

**Key:**

– Winner   – Runner-up   – Gender/Category runner-up   – Semi-finalist   – Category 6th-8th place (lost wildcard)  – Advanced via wildcard

| Act | Age(s) | Occupation | Gender/Category | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Kelvin Tan 陈伟联** | **23** | **Freelance musician** | **Male** | **Winner** |
| Kelly Poon 潘嘉丽 | 22 | Flight attendant | Female | Runner-up |
| Chew Sin Huey 石欣卉 | 24 | Unemployed | Female | Category Runner-up |
| Hong Jun Yang 洪俊扬 | 23 | Student | Male | Category Runner-up |
| Silver Ang 洪子惠 | 19 | Optometrist | Female | Category 3rd place |
| Derrick Hoh 何维健 | 19 | Unemployed | Male | Category 3rd place |
| Jason Tan 陈国强 | 26 | Undergraduate | Male | Category 4th place |
| Candyce Toh 杜慧萍 | 25 | Bank officer | Female | Category 4th place |
| Chia Wei Choong 谢维聪 | 21 | Unemployed | Male | Category 5th place |
| Ruth Chua 蔡诗妮 | 18 | Student | Female | Category 5th place |
| Macy Guo 郭美汐 | 24 | Financial advisor | Female | Category 6th-8th place |
| Lai Li Jun 黎俐君 | 21 | Undergraduate | Female | Category 6th-8th place |
| Sebastian Leong 梁伟强 | 18 | Student | Male | Category 6th-8th place |
| Leon Lim 林昱志 | 18 | Student | Male | Category 6th-8th place |
| Chanel Pang 冯靖莹 | 19 | Unemployed | Female | Category 6th-8th place |
| Hagen Tan 陈孟奇 | 24 | Composer | Male | Category 6th-8th place |
| Chen Jia Xin 陈家欣 | 22 | Student | Female | Category 9th-12th place |
| Raymond Chua 蔡义伟 | 26 | Manufacturing engineer | Male | Category 9th-12th place |
| Sugianto 潘嗣敬 | 23 | Unemployed | Male | Category 9th-12th place |
| Candy Tan 陈靖颖 | 21 | Student | Female | Category 9th-12th place |
| William Tan 陈耀榕 | 22 | Undergraduate | Male | Category 9th-12th place |
| Sandra Ter 戴爱玲 | 21 | Unemployed | Female | Category 9th-12th place |
| Darryl Yong 杨子文 | 20 | Unemployed | Male | Category 9th-12th place |
| Wendy Zhuo 卓慧玲 | 23 | Marketing administrator | Female | Category 9th-12th place |
|

## Live shows

### Live show details

#### Week 1: Quarter-final 1 (22/23 June)

* Themes: Contestant duets; no theme

Contestants' performances on the first live show
| Contestant | Order | First song (duet) | Order | Second song | Judges' score | | | | | | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | AP | FH | DY | WS | BK | Total | |
| Male category (22 June) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Sugianto | 1 | (with Leon Lim) | 7 | "不可能错过你" |  |  |  |  |  | **28.5** | Eliminated |
| Leon Lim | 2 | (with Sugianto) | 8 | "Forever Love" |  |  |  |  |  | **31.0** | Safe |
| Hong Jun Yang | 3 | "冻结" (with Darryl Yong) | 9 | "江南" |  |  |  |  |  | **32.5** | Safe |
| Darryl Yong | 4 | "冻结" (with Hong Jun Yang) | 10 | "爱我别走" |  |  |  |  |  | **25.5** | Eliminated |
| Kelvin Tan | 5 | "掌心" (with Jason Tan) | 11 | "I Believe" |  |  |  |  |  | **29.0** | Safe |
| Jason Tan | 6 | "掌心" (with Kelvin Tan) | 12 | "爱如潮水" |  |  |  |  |  | **29.0** | Safe |
| Female category (23 June) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Chew Sin Huey | 1 | "High High High" (with Kelly Poon) | 7 | "炫耀" |  |  |  |  |  | **29.5** | Safe |
| Kelly Poon | 2 | "High High High" (with Chew Sin Huey) | 8 | "美丽笨女人" | 7.0 | 7.5 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 8.0 | **36.0** | Safe |
| Chen Jia Xin | 3 | (with Ruth Chua) | 9 | "挥着翅膀的女孩" |  |  |  |  |  | **32.0** | Eliminated |
| Ruth Chua | 4 | (with Chen Jia Xin) | 10 | "奔" |  |  |  |  |  | **27.0** | Safe |
| Macy Guo | 5 | (with Candy Tan) | 11 | "不哭" |  |  |  |  |  | **28.5** | Safe |
| Candy Tan | 6 | (with Macy Guo) | 12 | "Baby对不起" |  |  |  |  |  | **25.0** | Eliminated |
|

#### Week 2: Quarter-final 2 (29/30 June)

* Themes: Contestant duets; no theme

Contestants' performances on the second live show
| Contestant | Order | First song (duet) | Order | Second song | Judges' score | | | | | | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | AP | FH | DY | WS | BK | Total | |
| Male category (29 June) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Chia Wei Choong | 1 | "找自己" (with Raymond Chua) | 7 | "流星森林雨" |  |  |  |  |  | **32.0** | Safe |
| Raymond Chua | 2 | "找自己" (with Chia Wei Choong) | 8 | "断点" |  |  |  |  |  | **26.5** | Eliminated |
| Derrick Hoh | 3 | "你走了" (with Sebastian Leong) | 9 | "除此之外" |  |  |  |  |  | **35.0** | Safe |
| Sebastian Leong | 4 | "你走了" (with Derrick Hoh) | 10 | "我懂了她" |  |  |  |  |  | **24.5** | Safe |
| William Tan | 5 | "翅膀" (with Hagen Tan) | 11 | "你不在" |  |  |  | 8.0 |  | **37.0** | Eliminated |
| Hagen Tan | 6 | "翅膀" (with William Tan) | 12 | "解脱" |  |  |  |  |  | **32.0** | Safe |
| Female category (30 June) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Candyce Toh | 1 | (with Sandra Ter) | 7 | "矜持" |  |  |  |  |  | **31.0** | Safe |
| Sandra Ter | 2 | (with Candyce Toh) | 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  | **26.5** | Eliminated |
| Wendy Zhuo | 3 | (with Lai Li Jun) | 9 |  |  |  |  |  |  | **24.0** | Eliminated |
| Lai Li Jun | 4 | (with Wendy Zhuo) | 10 | "你酷" |  |  |  |  |  | **27.5** | Safe |
| Silver Ang | 5 | (with Chanel Pang) | 11 |  |  |  |  |  |  | **29.5** | Safe |
| Chanel Pang | 6 | (with Silver Ang) | 12 | "祝我生日快乐" |  |  |  |  |  | **27.5** | Safe |
|

#### Week 3: Quarter-final 3 (6/7 July)

* Themes: Contestant duets; no theme

Contestants' performances on the third live show
| Contestant | Order | First song (duet) | Order | Second song | Judges' score | | | | | | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | AP | FH | DY | WS | BK | Total | |
| Male category (6 July) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Hong Jun Yang | 1 | (with Jason Tan) | 5 | "借口" |  |  |  |  |  | **38.5** | Safe |
| Jason Tan | 2 | (with Hong Jun Yang) | 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  | **28.5** | Safe |
| Derrick Hoh | 3 | "爱的就是你" (with Leon Lim) | 7 | "Piano" |  |  |  |  |  | **36.5** | Eliminated |
| Leon Lim | 4 | "爱的就是你" (with Derrick Hoh) | 8 | "唯一" |  |  |  |  |  | **32.5** | Eliminated |
| Female category (7 July) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Ruth Chua | 1 | (with Kelly Poon) | 5 | "一个人的精彩" |  |  |  |  |  | **33.0** | Safe |
| Kelly Poon | 2 | (with Ruth Chua) | 6 | "普通朋友" | 7.0 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 6.0 | **36.0** | Eliminated |
| Lai Li Jun | 3 | "Yes or No" (with Chew Sin Huey) | 7 | "写一首歌" |  |  |  |  |  | **32.5** | Eliminated |
| Chew Sin Huey | 4 | "Yes or No" (with Lai Li Jun) | 8 | "Revolution" |  |  |  |  |  | **30.0** | Safe |
|

#### Week 4: Quarter-final 4 (13/14 July)

* Themes: Contestant duets; no theme

Contestants' performances on the fourth live show
| Contestant | Order | First song (duet) | Order | Second song | Judges' score | | | | | | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | AP | FH | DY | WS | BK | Total | |
| Male category (13 July) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Hagen Tan | 1 | (with Chia Wei Choong) | 5 | "就是我" |  |  |  |  |  | **32.5** | Eliminated |
| Chia Wei Choong | 2 | (with Hagen Tan) | 6 | "比我幸福" | 8.0 | 7.0 | 8.5 | 8.0 | 8.0 | **39.5** | Safe |
| Sebastian Leong | 3 | "忠孝东路走九遍" (with Kelvin Tan) | 7 | "心伤心痛不痛" |  |  |  |  |  | **28.5** | Eliminated |
| Kelvin Tan | 4 | "忠孝东路走九遍" (with Sebastian Leong) | 8 | "远走高飞" |  |  |  |  |  | **31.5** | Safe |
| Female category (14 July) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Chanel Pang | 1 | "失恋万岁" (with Candyce Toh) | 5 | "无所谓" |  |  |  |  |  | **30.5** | Eliminated |
| Candyce Toh | 2 | "失恋万岁" (with Chanel Pang) | 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  | **28.5** | Safe |
| Macy Guo | 3 | (with Silver Ang) | 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  | **28.0** | Eliminated |
| Silver Ang | 4 | (with Macy Guo) | 8 | "逃亡" | 6.5 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 7.0 | **32.5** | Safe |
|

#### Week 5: Wildcard round (20/21 July)

* Themes: Contestant duets; no theme

Contestants' performances on the fifth live show
| Contestant | Order | First song (duet) | Order | Second song | Judges' score | | | | | | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | AP | FH | DY | WS | BK | Total | |
| Male category (20 July) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Derrick Hoh | 1 | "爱转动" (with Leon Lim) | 5 | "很想你" | 7.5 | 8.5 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | **39.0** | Revived |
| Leon Lim | 2 | "爱转动" (with Derrick Hoh) | 6 | "爱我还是他" |  |  |  |  |  | **38.5** | Not revived |
| Sebastian Leong | 3 | (with Hagen Tan) | 7 | ”当你孤单你会想起谁“ |  |  |  |  |  | **26.0** | Not revived |
| Hagen Tan | 4 | (with Sebastian Leong) | 8 | "听海" |  |  |  |  |  | **30.0** | Not revived |
| Female category (21 July) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Macy Guo | 1 | (with Lai Li Jun) | 5 | "舍不得你" |  |  |  |  |  | **31.5** | Not revived |
| Lai Li Jun | 2 | (with Macy Guo) | 6 | "一个人生活" |  |  |  |  |  | **31.0** | Not revived |
| Chanel Pang | 3 | "假惺惺" (with Kelly Poon) | 7 | "一个人跳舞" |  |  |  |  |  | **31.0** | Not revived |
| Kelly Poon | 4 | "假惺惺" (with Chanel Pang) | 8 | "Open Your Eyes" | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.5 | 8.0 | 8.0 | **40.5** | Revived |
|

#### Week 6: Semi-final 1 (27/28 July)

* Themes: "Slow" song; "fast" song
* Group performance: "C'est Si Bon"

Contestants' performances on the sixth live show
| Contestant | Order | First song | Second song | Judges' score | | | | | | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | FH | DY | WS | AP | BK | Total | |
| Male category (27 July) | | | | | | | | | | |
| Jason Tan | 1 | "痴心绝对" | "Come On" |  | 7.5 |  | 8.0 |  | **31.0** | Safe |
| Chia Wei Choong | 2 | "我还能爱谁" | "Wu Ha" |  |  |  | 8.5 |  | **35.5** | Eliminated |
| Hong Jun Yang | 3 | "末日之恋" | "第二天堂" |  |  |  |  |  | **39.0** | Safe |
| Derrick Hoh | 4 | "记得" | "完美" | 8.5 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 | **38.0** | Safe |
| Kelvin Tan | 5 | "孤单的夜里我不孤单" | "情非得已" |  |  |  |  |  | **36.5** | Safe |
| Female category (28 July) | | | | | | | | | | |
| Silver Ang | 1 | "很好" | "说爱你" | 5.5 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 7.0 | **31.0** | Safe |
| Chew Sin Huey | 2 | "地狱天使" | "幸福的地图" |  |  |  |  |  | **33.5** | Safe |
| Ruth Chua | 3 | "话题" | "爱的主打歌" |  |  |  |  |  | **28.5** | Eliminated |
| Candyce Toh | 4 | "爱多少 早知道" | "好心情" |  |  |  |  |  | **30.0** | Safe |
| Kelly Poon | 5 | "自己" | "孤单芭蕾" | 7.5 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 8.5 | 8.0 | **39.5** | Safe |
|

#### Week 7: Semi-final 2 (3/4 August)

* Theme: Oldies remakes
* Group performance: "冬天里的一把火"

Contestants' performances on the seventh live show
| Contestant | Order | Song | Judges' score | | | | | | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | FH | DY | WS | AP | BK | Total | |
| Male category (3 August) | | | | | | | | | |
| Derrick Hoh | 1 | "月亮代表我的心" |  |  |  |  |  | **36.5** | Safe |
| Jason Tan | 2 | "热情的沙漠" |  |  |  | 8.0 |  | **31.5** | Eliminated |
| Kelvin Tan | 3 | "草原之夜" |  |  |  |  |  | **28.5** | Safe |
| Hong Jun Yang | 4 | "流水年华" | 9.0 | 8.5 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | **41.5** | Safe |
| Female category (4 August) | | | | | | | | | |
| Chew Sin Huey | 1 | "康定情歌" | 7.5 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | **38.5** | Safe |
| Candyce Toh | 2 | "我只在乎你" |  |  |  |  |  | **33.0** | Eliminated |
| Kelly Poon | 3 | "可爱的玫瑰花" | 8.0 | 8.5 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 7.0 | **39.5** | Safe |
| Silver Ang | 4 | "爱神" |  |  |  |  |  | **29.0** | Safe |
|

#### Week 8: Semi-final 3 (10/11 August)

* Theme: Songs from local drama series; songs by local artist
* Group performance: "一起走到"

Contestants' performances on the eighth live show
| Contestant | Order | First song | Drama series | Order | Second song | Judges' score | | | | | | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | | FH | DY | WS | AP | BK | Total | |
| Male category (10 August) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Kelvin Tan | 1 | "我的生活在这里" | *Five Foot Way* | 4 | "走出黑暗的世界吧！朋友" | 8.5 | 7.5 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 9.0 | **39.5** | Safe |
| Hong Jun Yang | 2 | "遗忘过去" | *Kopi-O* | 5 | "他一定很爱你" | 7.0 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | **38.0** | Safe |
| Derrick Hoh | 3 | "关怀方式" | *Cupid Love* | 6 | "你是我最深爱的人" | 7.5 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | **35.5** | Eliminated |
| Female category (11 August) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Silver Ang | 1 | "都是夜归人" | *Living by Night* | 4 | "爱情字典" |  |  |  |  |  | **31.0** | Eliminated |
| Chew Sin Huey | 2 | "温柔的夜" | *The Last Applause* | 5 | "心痛" |  |  |  |  |  | **41.5** | Safe |
| Kelly Poon | 3 | "城里的月光" | *Tofu Street* | 6 | "担心" | 7.5 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 8.0 | **38.5** | Safe |
|

#### Week 9: Category final (17/18 August)

* Themes: "Slow-to-fast transition" songs; English songs; winner's single
* Group performance: "制造浪漫"

Contestants' performances on the ninth live show
| Contestant | Order | Songs | Judges' score | | | | | | | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | FH | DY | WS | AP | BK | Total | Average | |
| Male category (17 August) | | | | | | | | | | |
| Hong Jun Yang | 1 | "爱很简单" | 6.5 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | **34.5** | **40.7** | Runner-up |
| | 3 | "If You Come Back" | 8.5 | 9.0 | 8.5 | 8.0 | 9.0 | | | **43.0** |
| | 5 | "童话" | 9.0 | 9.5 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | | | **44.5** |
| Kelvin Tan | 2 | "孤单北半球" |  |  |  |  |  | **34.0** | **37.0** | Winner |
| | 4 | "Heaven Knows" |  |  |  |  |  | | | **37.0** |
| | 6 | "童话" |  |  |  |  |  | | | **40.0** |
| Female category (18 August) | | | | | | | | | | |
| Kelly Poon | 1 | "回家" |  |  |  |  |  | **41.0** | **38.7** | Winner |
| | 3 | "What's Up?" |  |  |  |  |  | | | **37.0** |
| | 5 | "遗失的美好" |  |  |  |  |  | | | **38.0** |
| Chew Sin Huey | 2 | "哭不出来" |  |  |  |  |  | **42.0** | **42.5** | Runner-up |
| | 4 | "Beautiful" |  |  |  |  |  | | | **41.5** |
| | 6 | "遗失的美好" |  |  |  |  |  | | | **44.0** |
|

#### Week 10: Final prelude (24/25 August)

Contestants' performances on the tenth live show
| Contestant | Order | Song |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Male category (24 August) | | |
| Derrick Hoh | 1 | "了解" |
| Jason Tan | 2 | "掌心" (featuring Kelvin Tan) |
| William Tan | 3 | "小镇姑娘" |
| Chia Wei Choong | 4 | "天空" |
| Hong Jun Yang | 5 | "晴天" |
| Kelvin Tan | 6 | "孤单的夜里我不孤单" |
| Female category (25 August) | | |
| Chew Sin Huey | 1 | "我恨我爱你" |
| Chanel Pang | 2 | "烦" |
| Chen Jia Xin | 3 | "至少还有你" |
| Candyce Toh | 4 | "勇气" |
| Ruth Chua | 5 | "超快感" (featuring Chanel Pang) |
| Kelly Poon | 6 | "美丽笨女人" |
|

Note: For some unknown reason, Candy Tan was absent from the show.

#### Week 11: Final (1 September)

* Themes: "Crowd control" songs; unplugged songs; JJ Lin duets; newly penned songs; winner's song
* Group performances: "Super Star" (all finalists except Hagen Tan and Candy Tan), "风云变色" / "野蛮游戏" / "爱的Bubble" (Finalists eliminated in the quarter-finals except Hagen Tan and Candy Tan), "Guardian Angel" (performed by Hong Jun Yang), "感谢你用心爱我" (performed by Chew Sin Huey), "屋顶" (performed by Chew Sin Huey and Hong Jun Yang), "My Anata" / "808" / "痛快" (Finalists eliminated in the semi-finals)
* Musical guest: JJ Lin ("简简单单" / "豆浆油条" / "编号89757")

Contestants' performances on the eleventh live show
| Contestant | Order | Songs | Judges' votes | | | | | | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | FH | DY | WS | AP | BK | Result | |
| Kelvin Tan | 1 | "男人.海洋" |  |  |  |  |  | **2/5 (Lost)** | Winner |
| | 3 | "我真的受伤了" |  |  |  |  |  | | **4/5 (Won)** |
| | 5 | "一千年以后" (with JJ Lin) |  |  |  |  |  | | **0/5 (Lost)** |
| | 7 | | | | | | | | "被风吹过的夏天" (with JJ Lin & Kelly Poon) |
| | 9 | "了解" |  |  |  |  |  | | **1/5 (Lost)** |
| | 11 | "其实你不懂我的心" |  |  |  |  |  | | **0/5 (Lost)** |
| Kelly Poon | 2 | "颜色" |  |  |  |  |  | **3/5 (Won)** | Runner-up |
| | 4 | "沙滩" |  |  |  |  |  | | **1/5 (Lost)** |
| | 6 | "木乃伊" (with JJ Lin) |  |  |  |  |  | | **5/5 (Won)** |
| | 8 | | | | | | | | "被风吹过的夏天" (with JJ Lin & Kelvin Tan) |
| | 10 | "On My Way" |  |  |  |  |  | | **4/5 (Won)** |
| | 12 | "被爱的女人" |  |  |  |  |  | | **5/5 (Won)** |
|

**^1**  The performance featured backing vocals from Leon Lim, Derrick Hoh, Hong Jun Yang, Sugianto, and William Tan.
**^2**  The song was later re-released as 下雪, with the same tune but different lyrics, and is sung by A-do.
**^3**  The performance featured backing vocals from Chen Jia Xin, Chew Sin Huey, Chanel Pang, Sandra Ter, and Candyce Toh.

## InfoBox

| *Project SuperStar* | |
| --- | --- |
| Season 1 | |
|  | |
| Hosted by | Quan Yi Fong
Jeff Wang
Christina Lin (guest) |
| Judges | Billy Koh
Lee Wei Song
Li Feihui
Anthony Png
Dawn Yip |
| Winner | Kelvin Tan |
| Runner-up | Kelly Poon |
| Finals venue | Singapore Indoor Stadium |
|  | |
| Release | |
| Original network | MediaCorp Channel U |
| Original release | 22 June (2005-06-22)
1 September 2005 (2005-09-01) |
| Season chronology | |


title: Tempoczów-Rędziny

abstract: Tempoczów-Rędziny is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skalbmierz, within Kazimierza County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-west of Skalbmierz, 10 km (6 mi) north-west of Kazimierza Wielka, and 66 km (41 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

text:
# Tempoczów-Rędziny

**Tempoczów-Rędziny** \[tɛmˈpɔt͡ʂuf rɛnˈd͡ʑinɨ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skalbmierz, within Kazimierza County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-west of Skalbmierz, 10 km (6 mi) north-west of Kazimierza Wielka, and 66 km (41 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

## InfoBox

| Tempoczów-Rędziny | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Tempoczów-Rędziny | |
| Coordinates: 50°18′41″N 20°21′38″E / 50.31139°N 20.36056°E / 50.31139; 20.36056 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Świętokrzyskie |
| County | Kazimierza |
| Gmina | Skalbmierz |


title: 2014 A Lyga

abstract: The 2014 A Lyga, also known as SMSCredit.lt A Lyga for sponsoring purposes, is the 25th season of the A Lyga, the top-tier association football league of Lithuania. The season starts on 8 March 2014 and ends on 29 November 2014. VMFD Žalgiris Vilnius are the defending champions.

text:
# 2014 A Lyga

The **2014 A Lyga**, also known as *SMSCredit.lt A Lyga* for sponsoring purposes, is the 25th season of the A Lyga, the top-tier association football league of Lithuania. The season starts on 8 March 2014 and ends on 29 November 2014. VMFD Žalgiris Vilnius are the defending champions.

## Changes from 2013

The league changed its number of teams for the fifth time in a row, increasing it from nine teams in 2013 A Lyga to ten sides, because it 2 new clubs from I Lyga, it is FK Trakai and FK Klaipėdos Granitas. As a consequence, the schedule increased from 32 to 36 matches per team, with each team playing every other team four times in total, twice at home and twice away.

### Stadiums and locations

AtlantasGranitasBangaDainavaEkranasKruojaŽalgirisŠiauliaiSūduvaTrakaiclass=notpageimage|Location of teams in the **2014 A Lyga**

| Club | Location | Stadium | Capacity | 2013 season |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| FK Atlantas | Klaipėda | Central stadium of Klaipėda | 4940 | 2nd |
| FK Banga Gargždai | Gargždai | Gargždai Stadium | 2000 | 6th |
| FK Dainava Alytus | Alytus | Alytus Stadium | 3748 | 8th |
| FK Ekranas | Panevėžys | Aukštaitija Stadium | 4000 | 3rd |
| FK Klaipėdos Granitas | Klaipėda | Central stadium of Klaipėda | 4940 | I Lyga, 1st |
| FK Kruoja Pakruojis | Pakruojis | Pakruojis Stadium | 2000 | 5th |
| FK Sūduva Marijampolė | Marijampolė | ARVI Football Arena | 6250 | 4th |
| FK Šiauliai | Šiauliai | Savivaldybė Stadium | 4000 | 7th |
| FK Trakai | Trakai | LFF Stadium | 5500 | I Lyga, 3rd |
| VMFD Žalgiris Vilnius | Vilnius | LFF Stadium | 5500 | 1st |

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Žalgiris (C) | 36 | 25 | 9 | 2 | 92 | 17 | +75 | 84 | Qualification to Champions League second qualifying round |
| 2 | Kruoja | 36 | 19 | 9 | 8 | 67 | 34 | +33 | 66 | Qualification to Europa League first qualifying round |
| 3 | Atlantas | 36 | 19 | 8 | 9 | 76 | 36 | +40 | | 65 |
| 4 | Trakai | 36 | 18 | 9 | 9 | 65 | 38 | +27 | | 63 |
| 5 | Sūduva | 36 | 17 | 11 | 8 | 70 | 38 | +32 | 62 |  |
| 6 | Ekranas (R) | 36 | 12 | 9 | 15 | 51 | 58 | 7 | 45 | Relegation to I Lyga |
| 7 | Šiauliai | 36 | 12 | 4 | 20 | 50 | 63 | 13 | 40 |  |
| 8 | Klaipėdos Granitas | 36 | 9 | 10 | 17 | 47 | 67 | 20 | | 37 |
| 9 | Banga (R) | 36 | 8 | 6 | 22 | 29 | 65 | 36 | 30 | Relegation to I Lyga |
| 10 | Dainava (R) | 36 | 2 | 3 | 31 | 12 | 143 | 131 | | 9 |

Source: soccerway.com
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (R) Relegated
Notes:

## Results

## Top goalscorers

| Pos. | Player | Club | Goals |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Niko Tokić | Šiauliai | 19 |
| 2 | Linas Pilibaitis | Žalgiris | 17 |
| 3 | Ričardas Beniušis | Kruoja | 15 |
| | Lukas Kochanauskas | Trakai | 15 |
| 5 | Elivelto | Ekranas | 13 |
| | Evaldas Razulis | Atlantas | 13 |
| | Tomas Radzinevičius | Sūduva | 13 |

1. "Summary - A Lyga - Lithuania - Results, fixtures, tables and news - Soccerway".

## InfoBox

A Lyga
| Season | 2014 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Žalgiris |
| Relegated | Dainava |
| Champions League | Žalgiris |
| Europa League | Kruoja |
| Matches played | 180 |
| Goals scored | 559 (3.11 per match) |
| Top goalscorer | Niko Tokić (19) |
| Biggest home win | Atlantas 12-0 Dainava |
| Biggest away win | Dainava 0-8 Žalgiris<br>Dainava 0-8 Sūduva |
| Highest scoring | Atlantas 12-0 Dainava |
| 2013 2015 | |


title: Scout X

abstract: Scout X, also known as Cub Scout, was an American rocket which served as a prototype of the Scout, which was launched on a single test flight in 1960. It was used to test the configuration that later Scout rockets would use as well as two of the solid rocket motors that would be used on them. The Scout X had the same configuration as the Scout X-1, which would be the first all-up version of the Scout. Unlike the X-1, which had four live stages, the Scout X only had live first and third stages, with battleship mockups of the second and fourth. It was launched from Launch Area 3 at the Wallops Flight Facility at 23:09 GMT on 18 April 1960. The launch failed when the rocket disintegrated during stage separation.

text:
# Scout X

**Scout X**, also known as **Cub Scout**, was an American rocket which served as a prototype of the Scout, which was launched on a single test flight in 1960. It was used to test the configuration that later Scout rockets would use as well as two of the solid rocket motors that would be used on them.

The Scout X had the same configuration as the Scout X-1, which would be the first all-up version of the Scout. Unlike the X-1, which had four live stages, the Scout X only had live first and third stages, with battleship mockups of the second and fourth.

It was launched from Launch Area 3 at the Wallops Flight Facility at 23:09 GMT on 18 April 1960. The launch failed when the rocket disintegrated during stage separation.

* Wade, Mark. "Scout". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on September 17, 2008. Retrieved 2009-06-18.
* Krebs, Gunter. "Scout". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2009-06-18.
* McDowell, Jonathan. "Scout". *Orbital & Suborbital Launch Database*. Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 2009-06-18.

## InfoBox

| Function | Test vehicle |
| --- | --- |
| Manufacturer | Vought |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Size | |
| Height | 21.6 metres (71 ft) |
| Diameter | 1.02 metres (3 ft 4 in) |
| Mass | 16,700 kilograms (36,800 lb) |
| Stages | Two |
| Associated rockets | |
| Family | Scout |
| Derivative work | Scout X-1 |
| Launch history | |
| Status | Retired |
| Launch sites | Wallops LA-3 |
| Total launches | 1 |
| Failure(s) | 1 |
| UTC date of spacecraft launch | 1960-04-18 |
|  | |
| First stage – Algol 1A | |
| Powered by | 1 solid |
| Maximum thrust | 471 kilonewtons (106,000 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 236 sec |
| Burn time | 40 seconds |
| Propellant | Solid |
| Second stage – Antares 1A | |
| Powered by | 1 X-254 |
| Maximum thrust | 60 kilonewtons (13,000 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 256 sec |
| Burn time | 39 seconds |
| Propellant | Solid |
|  | |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Zrkadlo rokov

abstract: Zrkadlo rokov is the first compilation by the Modus band, released on OPUS Records in 1987.

text:
# Zrkadlo rokov

***Zrkadlo rokov*** is the first compilation by the Modus band, released on OPUS Records in 1987.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Lehotský and Peteraj, except for the track 1 (Lehotský and Filan)

| No. | Title | Featured artist(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Veľký sen mora" | Ján Lehotský | 4:51 |
| 2. | "Dievčatá" (taken from *OPUS '78*) | Miroslav Žbirka | 2:23 |
| 3. | "Skús za mnou prísť" |  |  |
| 4. | "Cesta so psom" |  | 3:42 |
| 5. | "Keď zametú" (taken from *Môj malý príbeh*) | Lehotský and Marika Gombitová | 4:12 |
| 6. | "Nevolaj viac" (taken from SP "Cesta so psom") |  | 4:11 |
| 7. | "Zrkadlo rokov" (taken from *Záhradná kaviareň*) | Lehotský | 4:13 |
| 8. | "Ty, ja a môj brat" (taken from *Najlepšie dievčatá*) | Ľuboš Stankovský | 4:02 |
| 9. | "Vieš byť zlá" (taken from *Modus*) | Žbirka | 4:17 |
| 10. | "Pozhasínané" (taken from *99 zápaliek*) | Lehotský and Karol Morvay | 4:15 |
| 11. | "Úsmev" (taken from *OPUS '77*) | Lehotský, Žbirka, Gombitová and Miroslav Jevčák | 3:29 |
| 12. | "Spoluhráčka" (taken from *99 zápaliek*) | Lehotský | 3:25 |
| Total length: | | | 43:04 |

## Official releases

* 1987: *Zrkadlo rokov*, LP, MC, OPUS, #9113 1867

## Credits and personnel

General * Graclík, Miroslav; Nekvapil, Václav (2008). *Marika Gombitová: neautorizovaný životní příběh legendy československé pop music* \[*Marika Gombitová: An Unauthorized Life Story of the Legend of Czechoslovak Pop Music*\] (in Czech). Prague, Czech Republic: XYZ. p. 446. ISBN 978-80-7388-115-3. OCLC 294939865. Retrieved 2011-03-21.
* Lehotský, Oskar (April 23, 2008a). *Slovak Popular Music in the Years 1977–1989 – Marika Gombitová* (PDF) (in Slovak). Bratislava, Slovakia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2011-04-07. `{{cite book}}`: `|work=` ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Lehotský, Oskar (April 23, 2008b). *Slovak Popular Music in the Years 1977–1989 – Modus* (PDF) (in Slovak). Bratislava, Slovakia. Retrieved 2011-04-07. `{{cite book}}`: `|work=` ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Specific

## InfoBox

| Zrkadlo rokov | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Modus | |
| Released | 1987 |
| Recorded | 1970–84 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 43:04 |
| Label | OPUS (#9113 1867) |
| Producer | Ján Lauko |
| Modus chronology | |
| *Vlaky s rokmi*
(1986) ***Zrkadlo rokov***
(1987) *Keď sa raz oči dohodnú*
(1988) | |


title: Swoboda, Wieruszów County

abstract: Swoboda is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lututów, within Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-east of Lututów, 23 km (14 mi) east of Wieruszów, and 86 km (53 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Swoboda, Wieruszów County

**Swoboda** \[sfɔˈbɔda\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lututów, within Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-east of Lututów, 23 km (14 mi) east of Wieruszów, and 86 km (53 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

## InfoBox

| Swoboda | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Swoboda | |
| Coordinates: 51°20′N 18°28′E / 51.333°N 18.467°E / 51.333; 18.467 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Wieruszów |
| Gmina | Lututów |


title: Schloss Rosenau, Coburg

abstract: Schloss Rosenau, called in English The Rosenau or Rosenau Palace, is a former castle, converted into a ducal country house, near the town of Rödental, formerly in Saxe-Coburg, now lying in Bavaria, Germany. Schloss Rosenau was the birthplace and boyhood home of Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, who, in 1840, became the husband and consort of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It should not be confused with another house of the same name at Waldviertel in Austria.

text:
# Schloss Rosenau, Coburg

**Schloss Rosenau**, called in English **The Rosenau** or **Rosenau Palace**, is a former castle, converted into a ducal country house, near the town of Rödental, formerly in Saxe-Coburg, now lying in Bavaria, Germany.

Schloss Rosenau was the birthplace and boyhood home of Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, who, in 1840, became the husband and consort of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

It should not be confused with another house of the same name at Waldviertel in Austria.

## History

### Early history

The main fabric of the Rosenau is a medieval structure which was first built at some time before 1439, when it is recorded as a possession of the lords of 'Rosenawe'. For three centuries the estate was owned by a family which took its name from Rosenau, but Silvester von Rosenau, a friend of Luther and Melanchthon, bequeathed his properties to his son weighed down by debts.

In 1704, the Rosenau family finally lost the property when it was sold as a summer residence to the Austrian *Freiherr* Ferdinand Johann Adam von Pernau (1660-1731), who had been a member of the Privy Council of Albert V, Duke of Saxe-Coburg. Pernau was a pioneering student of bird behaviour. As a long-term experiment, he released a large number of young common chaffinches in and around Rosenau between 1704 and 1720, after first teaching them to sing like tree pipits. He was known as the *Freiherr von Pernau zu Rosenau*, and his most important publication, printed at Coburg in 1707, was titled *Lessons, as to what one can do with the lovely Creatures, the Birds, either by Capture, by Probing of their Characteristics and Taming, or by other forms of Instruction, for Pleasure and Profit*.

### House of Saxe-Gotha

In 1731, after Pernau's death, the estate was bought by Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. Due to the debts of a successor, the Rosenau passed out of the family, but in 1805 Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, bought it back as a summer residence for his own son and heir, Ernest, who later became Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Between 1808 and 1817 the main house was fully renovated and reconstructed in the Gothic Revival style under the supervision of the Prussian architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel. Its Marble Hall (*Marmorsaal*), with three aisles, takes up half of the ground floor and is so called from its decoration with grey marble. At the same time as the reconstruction of the house, the park was redesigned in the style of an English garden.

In the park are an orangery, a 'Tournament Column' sun-dial, the ruins of a hermitage, and waters called the Swan Lake and the Prince's Pond.

At each end of the Rosenau, Schinkel added crow-stepped gables of an early Gothic style. The windows took on a later Gothic form, while small balconies and coats of arms in stone were added to decorate the main front. The principal tower, which in 1700 had been topped by a domed *Welsche Haube*, similar to an onion dome, was crenellated, while a ruined tower was left in romantic ruins.

On 26 August 1819, Ernest's first wife, Princess Louise, gave birth in the house to Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1819 – 1861). On 19 September 1819, Albert was baptized in the Marble Hall into the Lutheran Evangelical Church with water from the local river, the Itz, with his godparents being Francis II of Austria, the last Holy Roman Emperor, the Duke of Teschen, the Duke of Gotha, and his grandmother, Augusta of Saxe-Coburg. Albert spent his boyhood years at the Rosenau. In 1840, he became the husband of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

Elizabeth Longford later wrote of the weeks before Albert's departure to woo Victoria:

> ...above all, he adored his home, the Rosenau, a romantic little Schloss outside Coburg... Prince Albert had spent September at the peaceful Rosenau, his happy birthplace, fortifying himself against the expected humiliations of Windsor. He set out with a letter of recommendation from King Leopold in his pocket and an ultimatum in his heart.

During Victoria's first visit to Coburg, she and Albert slept in the room of his birth at the Rosenau. "How happy, how joyful we were!" Victoria later recalled. Victoria also wrote into her diary that if she were not Queen of the United Kingdom, she would have liked to live at the Rosenau.

The Tsarevich of Russia and his future wife Alix of Hesse and by Rhine visited the house in April 1894, on the day after their own engagement.

Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the second son of Victoria and Albert, previously known as Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, who had been second-in-line to the British throne between his birth in 1844 and that of Prince Albert Victor in 1864, owned the Rosenau and died there on 30 July 1900. His wife was Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, who continued to live at the Rosenau and who died in 1920.

On 15 July 1909, Duke Alfred's daughter Princess Beatrice (1884–1966) married Alfonso, Duke of Galliera, in a civil ceremony at the house, followed by a Roman Catholic religious ceremony at St. Augustin, Coburg, and a Lutheran one in Schloss Callenberg.

### Post World War I

The last reigning Duke, Charles Edward, whose father had been Victoria and Albert's youngest son, Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, abdicated on 14 November 1918, a few days after the end of the First World War. On 7 June 1919, he concluded with the new Free State of Coburg a termination agreement on his assets in Coburg, receiving some 1,500,000 Marks for about 4,500 hectares of land and for various art treasures and buildings, including Rosenau. However, until 1938 the house was leased to the daughters of Duke Alfred, Marie, Queen of Romania, Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna of Russia, Princess Alexandra of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, and Princess Beatrice, Duchess of Galliera. Victoria, titular Empress consort of Russia, was the mother of Vladimir Kirillovich (1917-1992), head of the Romanov family and claimant to the Russian throne. She stayed at the house with her son in the 1920s. Victoria died in 1936 and was buried at the Rosenau, where she had maintained a Russian Orthodox chapel, established for her mother, Maria Alexandrovna. Her remains were transferred to the Grand Ducal Mausoleum of the Peter and Paul Fortress in Saint Petersburg on 7 March 1995.

From 1941, during the Second World War, the house was used as accommodation for the *Reichsarbeitsdienst* (National Labour Service). In 1945, it became a convalescent home of the Commission for Refugees, and from 1948 was a nursing home for more than twenty years. The house was then empty for a few years, before in 1972 the Free State of Bavaria bought it, by now in a poor condition, with the aim of restoring it.

This restoration work took place in 1985–90. It aimed at returning the house, both in external appearance and in the division of the rooms, to the condition it was in when Victoria and Albert stayed here. To that purpose, watercolours of the Rosenau at Windsor Castle were used.

## Present day

The Rosenau is now in the care of the *Bayerische Verwaltung der staatlichen Schlösser, Gärten und Seen* (Bavarian Administration of State Palaces, Gardens, and Lakes), a department of the state government of Bavaria. Since 1990, the house and its landscape park have been open to the public.

### Museums

All rooms on the lower two floors of the house are open to visitors. A small eleven-sided library is decorated with paintings of Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué's *The Travels of Thiodolf the Icelander*. During the Grand Duchess Maria's era it was used as the Russian Orthodox chapel. Each summer, there is a program of concerts in the Marble Hall.

Upstairs, the other principal rooms have brightly decorated walls and Biedermeier furniture. Among the remaining family heirlooms is a cradle that is said to have been Prince Albert's.

The orangery building used to house the Museum Of Modern Glass (*Europäisches Museum für modernes Glas*), a museum of modern art glass. Since 2008 it has been in a new building nearby.

### Heirs

The heirs of the ducal family, now headed by Andreas, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, still live nearby, at Schloss Callenberg.

50°17′53″N 11°01′21″E / 50.2981°N 11.0225°E / 50.2981; 11.0225

## InfoBox

| Rosenau Palace | |
| --- | --- |
| *Schloss Rosenau* | |
| The Rosenau, c. 1900 | |
| Rosenau PalaceLocation of Rosenau in GermanyRosenau PalaceRosenau Palace (Germany) | |
| Alternative names | "The Rosenau" |
| General information | |
| Type | Palace |
| Architectural style | Gothic Revival style |
| Town or city | Rödental |
| Country | Germany |
| Coordinates | 50°17′53″N 11°01′21″E / 50.2981°N 11.0225°E / 50.2981; 11.0225 |
| Owner | Bavarian Administration of State Houses, Gardens, and Lakes |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Karl Friedrich Schinkel (redesign) |


title: Prophet (disambiguation)

abstract: A prophet is a person who is believed to speak through divine inspiration. Prophet or The Prophet may also refer to:

text:
# Prophet (disambiguation)

A **prophet** is a person who is believed to speak through divine inspiration.

**Prophet** or **The Prophet** may also refer to:

## People referred to as "The Prophet" as a title

### Religious figures

* Muhammad (570s–632), also known as *Al-Nabi* (*The Prophet*), regarded by Muslims as the last prophet of God
* Zoroaster (or Zarathushtra), founder of Zoroastrianism, sometimes referred to simply as "The Prophet"

### Native American figures

* Francis the Prophet (c.1770–1818), a leader of the Red Stick faction of Creek Native Americans
* Tenskwatawa (1775–1836), Shawnee leader called "The Prophet" or "The Shawnee Prophet"
* Wabokieshiek (ca. 1794 – ca. 1841), Ho-Chunk leader called "The Prophet" or "The Winnebago Prophet"

### Musicians

* Black Prophet (born Kenneth Wilberforce Zonto Bossman, 1977), Ghanaian reggae music composer and a member of the Rastafari movement
* Capleton (born 1967), known as "The Prophet", Jamaican reggae and dancehall artist
* Dov Elkabas (born 1968), Dutch musician and producer known as "DJ The Prophet"

## Given name

## Surname

## Arts, entertainment, and media

### Fictional characters

* Prophet (comics), an Image Comics character who first appeared in 1992
* Prophet (*Star Trek*), an alien race in the T.V. show *Star Trek: Deep Space Nine*
* Laurence "Prophet" Barnes, the leader of Raptor Team in the 2007 video game series *Crysis*
* Prophets or San'Shyuum, royal rulers of the Covenant in the video games series *Halo*

### Films

* *The Prophet*, or *Il profeta* (1968), an Italian comedy directed by Dino Risi
* *A Prophet* (2009), a French drama directed by Jacques Audiard
* *The Prophet* (2014 film), an animated film adapted from Kahlil Gibran's book *The Prophet*

### Literature

### Music

#### Albums

#### Other uses in music

### Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media

## Other uses


title: Tenuibacillus multivorans

abstract: Tenuibacillus multivorans is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, moderately halophilic and spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Tenuibacillus which has been isolated from soil from a neutral salt lake in Xinjiang.

text:
# Tenuibacillus multivorans

***Tenuibacillus multivorans*** is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, moderately halophilic and spore-forming bacterium from the genus of *Tenuibacillus* which has been isolated from soil from a neutral salt lake in Xinjiang.

## InfoBox

| *Tenuibacillus multivorans* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Bacillota |
| Class: | Bacilli |
| Order: | Bacillales |
| Family: | Bacillaceae |
| Genus: | *Tenuibacillus* |
| Species: | ***T. multivorans*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tenuibacillus multivorans***<br>Ren and Zhou 2005 | |
|
| Type strain | |
| 28-1 | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Tenuebacillus multivorans* | |


title: Castello Brown

abstract: Castello Brown is a historic house museum located high above the harbour of Portofino, northern Italy. Its site has been used for military defence since Roman times. As a Genoese coastal fort, it was called the Castello di San Giorgio. After peace fell upon the region in the early 19th century, the Castello was abandoned. Some decades later, it was purchased by the English consul, who remodelled it as a comfortable villa. His descendants held the property until 1949, then sold it to an English couple who restored several ruined sections, and in turn sold it in 1961 to the City of Portofino, which now opens it to the public. Elizabeth von Arnim wrote and set her novel The Enchanted April at the Castello in 1922. The award-winning 1991 movie adaptation featuring Miranda Richardson and Joan Plowright was filmed on site.

text:
# Castello Brown

**Castello Brown** is a historic house museum located high above the harbour of Portofino, northern Italy. Its site has been used for military defence since Roman times. As a Genoese coastal fort, it was called the *Castello di San Giorgio*.

After peace fell upon the region in the early 19th century, the Castello was abandoned. Some decades later, it was purchased by the English consul, who remodelled it as a comfortable villa. His descendants held the property until 1949, then sold it to an English couple who restored several ruined sections, and in turn sold it in 1961 to the City of Portofino, which now opens it to the public.

Elizabeth von Arnim wrote and set her novel *The Enchanted April* at the Castello in 1922. The award-winning 1991 movie adaptation featuring Miranda Richardson and Joan Plowright was filmed on site.

## Military history

The castle's site is well suited for harbour defence, and appears to have been so used since Roman times. Fortifications from the fourth century AD have been found underneath the modern castle; a castrum and a turris are recorded.

The castle continued to function as a military fortress until about 1600, then became increasingly residential. Richard the Lionheart stayed for several days on his way to the Third Crusade.

As Portofino was an important harbour, the Castello featured in many naval battles between the 13th and 19th centuries, withstanding attacks by the Genoese (Ghibelline) admiral Aitone D'Oria in 1330, by a Venetian fleet in 1431, and by the British Navy in 1814. The castello was one of two key coastal fortresses of the Republic of Genoa. Along with Ventimiglia, it housed a garrison led by a patrician *castellano*.

In 1442, it housed two bombards that fired stone cannon-balls. According to the Record Office of Genoa, cannon batteries were constructed on the site in the early 16th century, and military engineer Giovanni Maria Olgiati drew up plans for a full fortress circa 1554. In 1575 the Castello was instrumental in turning back an attack on the town by Giò Andrea Doria. The structure was enlarged from 1622 to 1624, and survived in this form for a century and a half. By 1697, the armaments included two half-cannon and 14 other guns, and the Castello's inventory included 50 muskets and various arquebus, halberds and spears.

The Republic of Genoa fell in 1797. In the next year, the Castello's little tower was destroyed in an English attack on Napoleon's Ligurian Republic. Napoleon garrisoned the Castello and increased its armament to protect coastal traffic against the British fleet, which unsuccessfully attacked it again in March 1814.

The castle was abandoned after the Congress of Vienna in 1815. The fortress was formally disarmed in 1867, just before it was sold to the Yeats-Brown family. During the German occupation of Italy, the castello was used as a prison for partisans.

## Residential history

In 1867, the structure was purchased for 7,000 lire by Montague Yeats-Brown, then English consul in Genoa. He engaged the architect Alfredo D'Andrade, and with advice from his artist friend and fellow-consul James Harris the fort was transformed to a comfortable villa without substantial alteration in its general form. Brown bought many church reliefs during the general selling-up of churches in the 1880s and made them a feature of the villa's interior and terraces.

Jocelyn and Lieutenant-Colonel John Baber CBE purchased Castello Brown in 1949, and sold it to the municipality in 1961. Throughout this time, the property was managed by several generations of the Garbarino family.

## Further reading

* *Castello Brown: Brief historical notes*, undated brochure from the castello

## InfoBox

| Castello Brown | |
| --- | --- |
| Castello Brown, as seen from the harbour | |
| Location | Via alla Penisola
16034 Portofino, Genoa
Italy |
| Coordinates | 44°18′07.48″N 9°12′51.50″E / 44.3020778°N 9.2143056°E / 44.3020778; 9.2143056 |
| Area | Liguria |
| Built | 400 AD; expanded 1557; converted to villa from 1867 |
| Architect | Giovanni Maria Olgiati |
|  | |
| Location of Castello Brown in Northern Italy | |


title: Kumalgaun

abstract: Kumalgaun is a village development committee in Kalikot District in the Karnali Zone of north-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2617 people living in 413 individual households.

text:
# Kumalgaun

**Kumalgaun**  is a village development committee in Kalikot District in the Karnali Zone of north-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2617 people living in 413 individual households.

1. "Nepal Census 2001". *Nepal's Village Development Committees*. Digital Himalaya. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 4 November 2008.

## InfoBox

| Kumalgaun कुमालगाउँ | |
| --- | --- |
| Village development committee | |
| KumalgaunLocation in Nepal | |
| Coordinates: 29°10′0″N 81°33′45″E / 29.16667°N 81.56250°E / 29.16667; 81.56250 | |
| Country | Nepal |
| Zone | Karnali Zone |
| District | Kalikot District |
| Population (1991) | |
| Total | 2,617 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:45 (Nepal Time) |


title: United States v. Woods

abstract: United States v. Woods, 571 U.S. 31 (2013), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court addressed whether district courts have jurisdiction regarding provisions of the Internal Revenue Service Code and its implementation. The court held unanimously that a district court has jurisdiction in the application of the Internal Revenues Service Code to a partnership-level proceeding when it is applied to that partnership. The court additionally found that a transaction determined to lack economic substance can still trigger the penalty for overstatement because the overstatement and the action that led to it are inherently tied together.

text:
# United States v. Woods

***United States v. Woods***, 571 U.S. 31 (2013), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court addressed whether district courts have jurisdiction regarding provisions of the Internal Revenue Service Code and its implementation. The court held unanimously that a district court has jurisdiction in the application of the Internal Revenues Service Code to a partnership-level proceeding when it is applied to that partnership. The court additionally found that a transaction determined to lack economic substance can still trigger the penalty for overstatement because the overstatement and the action that led to it are inherently tied together.

## InfoBox

| United States v. Woods | |
| --- | --- |
| Supreme Court of the United States | |
| Argued October 9, 2013
Decided December 3, 2013 | |
| Full case name | *United States, Petitioner v. Gary Woods* |
| Docket no. | 12-562 |
| Citations | 571 U.S. 31 (*more*)134 S. Ct. 557; 187 L. Ed. 2d 472; 2013 U.S. LEXIS 8776; 82 U.S.L.W. 4015 |
| Argument | Oral argument |
| Opinion announcement | Opinion announcement |
| Case history | |
| Prior | Petitioners request granted, US Dis. Ct.; District Court affirmed by 5th Cir. Ct. |
| Holding | |
| The district court had jurisdiction to determine whether the partnerships' lack of economic substance could justify imposing a valuation-misstatement penalty on the partners. | |
| Court membership | |
| Chief Justice John Roberts  Associate Justices Antonin Scalia **·**  Anthony Kennedy
Clarence Thomas **·**  Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Stephen Breyer **·**  Samuel Alito
Sonia Sotomayor **·**  Elena Kagan | |
| Case opinion | |
| Majority | Scalia, joined by *unanimous* |
| Laws applied | |
| Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 | |


title: Zorita de los Canes

abstract: Zorita de los Canes is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 98 inhabitants. The Castle of Zorita de los Canes-Alcazaba de Zorita is located in the municipality. The castle was given to Alfonso VIII in 1174 and was in the possession of the Dukes of Pastrana until 1723, when ownership was given to the Counts of San Rafael.

text:
# Zorita de los Canes

**Zorita de los Canes** is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 98 inhabitants. The Castle of Zorita de los Canes-Alcazaba de Zorita is located in the municipality.

The castle was given to Alfonso VIII in 1174 and was in the possession of the Dukes of Pastrana until 1723, when ownership was given to the Counts of San Rafael.

Web of Zorita de los Canes

## InfoBox

| Zorita de los Canes, Spain | |
| --- | --- |
| 'Alcazaba of Zorita', Zorita de los Canes | |
|  | |
| Zorita de los CanesLocation in GuadalajaraZorita de los CanesLocation in Castilla-La ManchaZorita de los CanesLocation in Spain | |
| Coordinates: 40°19′53″N 2°59′20″W / 40.33139°N 2.98889°W / 40.33139; -2.98889 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile-La Mancha |
| Province | Guadalajara |
| Comarca | La Alcarria |
| Municipality | Zorita de los Canes |
| Area | |
| Total | 20.23 km2 (7.81 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 590 m (1,940 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 70 |
| Density | 3.5/km2 (9.0/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Bruce Vernon-Wentworth

abstract: Bruce Canning Vernon-Wentworth was a British army officer, Conservative Party politician and first-class cricketer. The eldest son of Thomas Frederick Charles Vernon Wentworth of Wentworth Castle near Barnsley, Yorkshire and Dall House, Rannoch, Perthshire and his wife Lady Harriet Augusta Canning de Burgh, daughter of the Marquess of Clanricarde and grand daughter of former prime minister George Canning. Educated at Harrow and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, he received a commission into the Grenadier Guards, rising to the rank of captain. A keen cricketer, he played first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club on three occasions between 1897 and 1900, scoring 133 runs at an average of 26.60 and with a high score of 36. A member of the Conservative Party, he unsuccessfully contested the parliamentary constituency of Barnsley on three occasions. He entered the Commons at an unopposed by-election in 1893, when he was elected to represent Brighton. He held the seat until the 1906 general election. He served as High Sheriff of Yorkshire for the year 1908-09. Vernon-Wentworth was a director of the London and Yorkshire Bank and of the Yorkshire local board of the National Provincial Bank Limited. He sold Wentworth Castle to Barnsley Corporation in 1948, and died unmarried in 1951, aged 88.

text:
# Bruce Vernon-Wentworth

**Bruce Canning Vernon-Wentworth** (14 December 1862 – 12 November 1951) was a British army officer, Conservative Party politician and first-class cricketer.

The eldest son of Thomas Frederick Charles Vernon Wentworth of Wentworth Castle near Barnsley, Yorkshire and Dall House, Rannoch, Perthshire and his wife Lady Harriet Augusta Canning de Burgh, daughter of the Marquess of Clanricarde and grand daughter of former prime minister George Canning.

Educated at Harrow and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, he received a commission into the Grenadier Guards, rising to the rank of captain. A keen cricketer, he played first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club on three occasions between 1897 and 1900, scoring 133 runs at an average of 26.60 and with a high score of 36.

A member of the Conservative Party, he unsuccessfully contested the parliamentary constituency of Barnsley on three occasions. He entered the Commons at an unopposed by-election in 1893, when he was elected to represent Brighton. He held the seat until the 1906 general election. He served as High Sheriff of Yorkshire for the year 1908-09.

Vernon-Wentworth was a director of the London and Yorkshire Bank and of the Yorkshire local board of the National Provincial Bank Limited. He sold Wentworth Castle to Barnsley Corporation in 1948, and died unmarried in 1951, aged 88.


title: Canada Alamosa, New Mexico

abstract:
Canada Alamosa, an Americanized version of the Spanish Cañada Alamosa, is a term historically applied to five geographical features, all in the same immediate area in southwest Socorro and northwest Sierra Counties, New Mexico. In historical texts the name, Canada Alamosa is applied inter-changeably to the five features, and it is often only the context that distinguishes one feature from the other. Canada Alamosa can refer to:
  - 1) Cañada Alamosa, the entire valley, glen or ravine composing the watershed of Alamosa Creek, which includes the box canyon midway along its length. It was later all renamed Monticello Canyon. Alamosa Creek was also originally known as Arroyo Alamosa, or Rio Alamosa or later Alamosa River;
  - 2) The box canyon, part of Cañada Alamosa, midway along the course of Alamosa Creek, which box canyon is also known today as Monticello Canyon, or Monticello Box Canyon, or simply Monticello Box;
  - 3) The area of Cañada Alamosa above Monticello Box, the box canyon which the Warm Springs band of Apaches regard as their home-base, and which contains the site of a warm springs Ojo Caliente, whose waters flow down the creek of Spring Canyon southward into Alamosa Creek just above the upper end of the box canyon;
  - 4) Canada Alamosa, the Americanized name that Union Army reports called the town of San Ygnacio de Alamosa or Alamosa; site of the Battle of Canada Alamosa that was located in the Cañada Alamosa nearby its confluence with the Rio Grande;
  - 5) Canada Alamosa, the Americanized historic name of Cañada Alamosa a small largely Hispanic community which was settled from San Ygnacio de Alamosa in about 1863-65 a few miles south of the box canyon on Alamosa Creek, but which changed its name in 1881 to the present name of Monticello, New Mexico. Cañada Alamosa is the historic name of an area which Apache bands regarded as their ancestral home base in the mid 1800s. Prominent among these bands were the Warm Springs band. The area centered on the Canada Alamosa, a high walled box canyon of about 12 miles length, midway along the course of Alamosa Creek. Because of the canyon the stream was also referred to as the Canada Alamosa. The Warm Springs band considered the heart of their homeland to be a warm springs, Ojo Caliente, located just at the western entrance to the canyon. The federal government intermittently maintained a series of Apache Indian Agencies based on Ojo Caliente and the Canada Alamosa area from 1852 to 1877. Between 1863 and 1866, a community of native New Mexican settlers from San Ygnacio de la Alamosa and a few ex-soldiers from the Union Army was established on Alamosa Creek, that became known as Cañada Alamosa. It was located about 16 miles south of Ojo Caliente, and about 4 miles south of the downstream end of the canyon. After the town was established leaders of the Chihenne, or Warm Springs band of Apaches made a treaty with the inhabitants of the town, which was allegedly never broken because it provided economic benefit to both the inhabitants of the town and the Chihenne Apaches. Under this treaty a dubious and shadowy trade was carried on, in which the Apaches brought stolen livestock along with plundered goods, back to Cañada Alamosa, although Apache historians would dispute this. These were the spoils taken during wars with settlers and travelers in New Mexico, Arizona and Old Mexico, which were traded for whisky, ammunition and sundry necessities. In 1874 an agency was constructed at Ojo Caliente for the Warm Springs Apaches. In a sudden reversal of policy, this agency was then abolished after 1877 and the Warm Springs band was moved to the San Carlos Reservation. Some of the Warm Springs band refused to accept this transfer, and under war leaders Victorio and Nana entered into a period of continued guerrilla warfare with U.S. and Mexican forces, the Victorio's War. At the end of which they either became casualties in scattered conflicts, or were forced to surrender and went into captivity or onto reservations far from the Canada Alamosa area. In 1881, after its days as an illicit trading center were past, the town of Canada Alamosa changed its name to Monticello, and since then the canyon of the Alamosa has occasionally been referred to as Monticello Canyon, or Monticello Box Canyon. Today the Canada Alamosa area remains an isolated and sparsely populated area in southwest Socorro County and northwest Sierra County, New Mexico. Monticello, although still inhabited, is reduced in population and is listed as a ghost town. The adobe ruins of the old Ojo Caliente agency, about a half mile to the east of the upstream opening of the canyon, have melted into the ground. The Ojo Caliente hot springs, at the upstream entrance to the Canada Alamosa on Alamosa Creek in southwest Socorro County, New Mexico (33.570084°-107.595117°) generates a major part of the flow of the Canada Alamosa, which runs through the canyon and is then gathered into a ditch system, and is expended on small local fields along Alamosa Creek, above and below Monticello. Note 1 The Ojo Caliente hot springs, an uninhabited area at the upstream entrance to the Canada Alamosa on Alamosa Creek in southwest Socorro County, New Mexico (33.570084°-107.595117°), should not be confused with Ojo Caliente, New Mexico, a small unincorporated community in Taos County, New Mexico, on the Ojo Caliente Rio, about 200 miles away to the north and east.
Note 2 The Alamosa Creek referred to in this article, which extends from the southwest quadrant of Socorro County to the northwest quadrant of Sierra County should not be confused with the Alamosa Creek, which is in northern Socorro County.

text:
# Canada Alamosa, New Mexico

**Canada Alamosa**, an Americanized version of the Spanish **Cañada Alamosa** (pronounced *Cănyădă Ălămosă*, translated as *Glen or Valley of the Cottonwoods*), is a term historically applied to five geographical features, all in the same immediate area in southwest Socorro and northwest Sierra Counties, New Mexico. In historical texts the name, Canada Alamosa is applied inter-changeably to the five features, and it is often only the context that distinguishes one feature from the other.

Canada Alamosa can refer to:

1) Cañada Alamosa, the entire valley, glen or ravine composing the watershed of Alamosa Creek, which includes the box canyon midway along its length. It was later all renamed Monticello Canyon. Alamosa Creek was also originally known as Arroyo Alamosa, or Rio Alamosa or later Alamosa River; 2) The box canyon, part of Cañada Alamosa, midway along the course of Alamosa Creek, which box canyon is also known today as Monticello Canyon, or Monticello Box Canyon, or simply Monticello Box; 3) The area of Cañada Alamosa above Monticello Box, the box canyon which the Warm Springs band of Apaches regard as their home-base, and which contains the site of a warm springs *Ojo Caliente*, whose waters flow down the creek of Spring Canyon southward into Alamosa Creek just above the upper end of the box canyon; 4) Canada Alamosa, the Americanized name that Union Army reports called the town of San Ygnacio de Alamosa or Alamosa; site of the Battle of Canada Alamosa that was located in the Cañada Alamosa nearby its confluence with the Rio Grande; 5) Canada Alamosa, the Americanized historic name of Cañada Alamosa a small largely Hispanic community which was settled from San Ygnacio de Alamosa in about 1863-65 a few miles south of the box canyon on Alamosa Creek, but which changed its name in 1881 to the present name of Monticello, New Mexico.

Cañada Alamosa is the historic name of an area which Apache bands regarded as their ancestral home base in the mid 1800s. Prominent among these bands were the Warm Springs band (Chihenne, or Red Paint People). The area centered on the Canada Alamosa, a high walled box canyon of about 12 miles length, midway along the course of Alamosa Creek. Because of the canyon the stream was also referred to as the Canada Alamosa. The Warm Springs band considered the heart of their homeland to be a warm springs, Ojo Caliente, located just at the western entrance to the canyon. The federal government intermittently maintained a series of Apache Indian Agencies based on Ojo Caliente and the Canada Alamosa area from 1852 to 1877.

Between 1863 and 1866, a community of native New Mexican settlers from San Ygnacio de la Alamosa and a few ex-soldiers from the Union Army was established on Alamosa Creek, that became known as Cañada Alamosa. It was located about 16 miles south of Ojo Caliente, and about 4 miles south of the downstream end of the canyon. After the town was established leaders of the Chihenne, or Warm Springs band of Apaches made a treaty with the inhabitants of the town, which was allegedly never broken because it provided economic benefit to both the inhabitants of the town and the Chihenne Apaches. Under this treaty a dubious and shadowy trade was carried on, in which the Apaches brought stolen livestock (horses, mules and cattle) along with plundered goods, back to Cañada Alamosa, although Apache historians would dispute this. These were the spoils taken during wars with settlers and travelers in New Mexico, Arizona and Old Mexico, which were traded for whisky, ammunition and sundry necessities. In 1874 an agency was constructed at Ojo Caliente for the Warm Springs Apaches. In a sudden reversal of policy, this agency was then abolished after 1877 and the Warm Springs band was moved to the San Carlos Reservation. Some of the Warm Springs band refused to accept this transfer, and under war leaders Victorio and Nana entered into a period of continued guerrilla warfare with U.S. and Mexican forces, the Victorio's War. At the end of which they either became casualties in scattered conflicts, or were forced to surrender and went into captivity or onto reservations far from the Canada Alamosa area.

In 1881, after its days as an illicit trading center were past, the town of Canada Alamosa changed its name to Monticello, and since then the canyon of the Alamosa has occasionally been referred to as Monticello Canyon, or Monticello Box Canyon. Today the Canada Alamosa area remains an isolated and sparsely populated area in southwest Socorro County and northwest Sierra County, New Mexico. Monticello, although still inhabited, is reduced in population and is listed as a ghost town. The adobe ruins of the old Ojo Caliente agency, about a half mile to the east of the upstream opening of the canyon, have melted into the ground. The Ojo Caliente hot springs, at the upstream entrance to the Canada Alamosa on Alamosa Creek in southwest Socorro County, New Mexico (33.570084°-107.595117°) generates a major part of the flow of the Canada Alamosa, which runs through the canyon and is then gathered into a ditch system, and is expended on small local fields along Alamosa Creek, above and below Monticello.

**Note 1** The Ojo Caliente hot springs, an uninhabited area at the upstream entrance to the Canada Alamosa on Alamosa Creek in southwest Socorro County, New Mexico (33.570084°-107.595117°), should not be confused with Ojo Caliente, New Mexico, a small unincorporated community in Taos County, New Mexico (36.304545° -106.051235°), on the Ojo Caliente Rio, about 200 miles away to the north and east. **Note 2** The Alamosa Creek referred to in this article, which extends from the southwest quadrant of Socorro County to the northwest quadrant of Sierra County should not be confused with the Alamosa Creek, which is in northern Socorro County.

## Cañada Alamosa, the creek and the canyon midway along its course

Cañada Alamosa is the historical name of the topographical feature of a canyon on Alamosa Creek (more recently referred to as Monticello Canyon, or Monticello Box Canyon). Although Alamosa Creek flows generally north to southeast, the canyon portion is located about midway along its length, and is oriented in a northwest-southeast direction and separates the San Mateo Mountains on the north and northeast of the canyon from the smaller Sierra Cuchillo on the south.

The term Cañada Alamosa is also generally applied to Alamosa Creek as well. Alamosa Creek enters the western entrance to the canyon in a desert area about 30 miles downstream from its source in the San Mateo Mountains, and about 37 miles upstream from the mouth of the creek where it empties into the Rio Grande near the upper end of Elephant Butte Reservoir. The canyon extends for about 12 miles downstream. The canyon separates the Alamosa Creek into a northern upstream segment and a southern downstream segment.

Alamosa Creek above the Monticello Box canyon is a seasonal drainage, with a dry creek bed for much of the year. As the bed of Alamosa Creek approaches the canyon, it receives a flow of water from a series of springs. About 550 meters upstream (west) and then another 150 up-slope (north) from the creek bed is Willow Springs. Opposite Willow Springs and along the south bank of the creek are a series of small springs. About 300 meters north and upslope from the mouth of the Canada Alamosa is Ojo Caliente, a warm spring that releases a flow of warm water down a small coulee to the Alamosa creek bed.

Apache Warm Spring is located about 1000 meters south of the entrance to the box canyon. This spring no longer produces a surface flow. It is located in Red Paint Canyon where there are exposures of red earth which the Warms Springs Apaches used as a face paint, and which gave them the name of Chihenne, or the Red Paint People. Apache Warm Spring is the site of a beryllium deposit, and a controversy occurred from 2009 to 2012 when BE Resources, Inc. sought and received a permit to conduct core drilling at the site. The concern was from Apache groups over the anticipated damage to the Ojo Caliente spring, a sacred site, and from local residents concerned about the potential disruption of the flow of other springs in the area that provided irrigation water along Alamosa Creek. However, after drilling in 2011 the corrected data indicated that the deposits of beryllium and other rare earth minerals were not present in payable quantities, and BE Resources, Inc. decided to cease exploration work at the site, and focus elsewhere on other mining options, leaving the Red Paint Canyon area relatively unchanged.

These springs that flow near the entrance to the canyon generate a year-round flow of water. The total volume of the total discharge is about 2000 gallons of water a minute at a temperature of about 85 degrees Fahrenheit. The discharge of water continues down the canyon, replenished by other streamside springs. After about 12 miles the entire creek flow is collected into a ditch that is used to irrigate small farming plots along the creek for about 6 miles to present-day Monticello. As the water is used for irrigation, its flow diminishes, and shortly after Monticello, the flow becomes nonexistent. From this point Alamosa Creek returns to a dry seasonal creek bed as it extends to the junction of Alamosa Creek and the Rio Grande, at the upper end of Elephant Butte Reservoir.

A New Mexico state road goes up to Monticello, and county roads continue up to the canyon. A Forest Road extends from there through the canyon. In the canyon proper this road often runs right up the flowing river bed. When access was permitted, this road could be traversed by vehicles, though it is recommended by signage along the road that the vehicles be high-clearance and have four-wheel drive. At the upper end of the canyon the Forest Road intersects with state road NM 52.

## Cañada Alamosa (present-day Monticello NM), the historic Hispanic community downstream from the canyon

Cañada Alamosa is the name of a historic Hispanic community located on the Alamosa Creek about 20 miles upstream from where it empties into the Rio Grande. This community was settled in 1856 in the heart of Chihenne Territory, about 17 miles south of Ojo Caliente, the hot springs that the Chihenne considered the center of their homeland.

In 1867 the Apache Chief Loco made a limited peace with the community of Cañada Alamosa. This peace agreement was unique among the annals of Apache tribes. It purportedly was the only treaty never broken by either side.

This treaty was sustained not because the two sides mutually liked or trusted each other, but because of economics. The Indians lived by hunting and by raiding over a vast area and needed a safe place to sell their stolen goods and livestock, while the people of the town made a healthy profit on the deals.

The community provided whiskey and particularly arms and ammunition in trade for the spoils of raiding. Ammunition that fitted the guns of the Indians was particularly necessary to allow the Apaches to continue to hunt, and also to raid, which involved plundering and killing other Anglo and Hispanic settlers.

The homeland of the Warm Springs (Chihenne) band of Apaches was centered on Ojo Caliente, a hot spring on the east side of the canyon of Alamosa Creek, about 18 miles away. In 1874 the U.S. built an agency at the site for them. The presence of the canyon on Alamosa Creek buffered the Hispanic community from the comings and goings of the Apache band. In 1877 the U.S. reversed its policy and abolished this agency, forcing the Warm Springs (Chihenne) Band to go to a centralized Apache agency at San Carlos. This precipitated a guerrilla war in which the Warm Springs Apaches were either killed or forced to surrender and accept imprisonment or removal to distant agencies where they were overseen by the U.S. Army.

The community of Cañada Alamosa continued, being now in unmolested control of the water flow of Alamosa Creek and the irrigable land along the creek. In 1881 the first postmaster, Aristide Bourguet, renamed the town for Monticello, New York. The community continues today, though with a much reduced population. Today Monticello and nearby Las Placitas are home to several organic farms that use the irrigation system fed from the springs of Alamosa Creek. These farms produce fruits and vegetables. Local people also produce herbal health and beauty products and balsamic vinegar.

## Cañada Alamosa, the area claimed as a homeland by the Warm Springs (Chihenne) band of the Chiricahua Apaches

Cañada Alamosa is the term used by historians to refer to the ancestral homeland of the Warm Springs Band (Chihenne, or Red Paint People) of the Chiricahua Apache. Their homeland centered on the Cañada Alamosa area, and they considered a spring, Ojo Caliente, the heart of this ancestral base. This hot springs is located just at the upstream entrance to the box canyon on Alamosa Creek.

The commitment of some Apache bands to a homeland base centered on Ojo Caliente at the entrance to the Cañada Alamosa resulted in consideration by the federal government of an agency for Apache bands that included this geographic area. In 1852, the federal government established a "Southern Apache Agency", that included this area. This Agency originally had sweeping jurisdiction over several Apache bands that roamed over a much wider area than Cañada Alamosa, including the Mimbreño, Mogollon, Coyotero, and, for a time, Mescalero Apache.

Over the years the agency was located at various places in the vicinity of Ojo Caliente (Hot Springs) at the Cañada Alamosa in New Mexico. In 1873 the agency and the reservation was moved to a completely different location in New Mexico, in the Tularosa Valley. However, in 1874 the reservation and agency were moved back to Ojo Caliente, just north of the canyon. During this period a set of adobe buildings for the agency were built about half a mile east of the upstream mouth of the canyon. Both the reservation and agency were abolished in 1877, when the Indians at the agency were moved to the San Carlos reservation in Arizona, but a man was left in charge of the property at the agency until the following year.

During the most active time that the agency was centered on Ojo Caliente, the Chihenne band produced some outstanding warriorleaders. Besides Loco, during the time while the community of Cañada Alamosa was flourishing as a trade center for the spoils from Apache raiding parties, the Chihenne were also led by Victorio a famous war chief, and noted for Lozen, Victorio's sister and a skilled warrior and prophetess, and Nana, a noted warrior/chief who raided and fought fiercely through his 80s.

After 1877, upon the final rejection of their request for a reservation near Cañada Alamosa, their homeland, Victorio, Lozen and Nana with other Warm Springs/Chihenne Apaches fled the San Carlos reservation and conducted a sustained war through 1886. It is known as Victorio's War and was waged in areas away from Cañada Alamosa. It resulted in the death of many Americans and Mexicans and also in the death or capture of most of the surviving Warm Springs/Chihenne Apaches. The captured group, as well as the few remnants of the Warm Springs/Chihenne Band, were considered by the U.S. authorities as part of the Chiricahua band of Apaches, so that they were part of the deportation of Chiricahua to Florida, then Alabama, and eventually a reservation in Oklahoma.

## Visiting the Canada Alamosa Area, and Ojo Caliente Hot Springs Today

### New Mexico State Highway 52, going to the north and west end of the box canyon, at the site of Ojo Caliente Hot Springs

* Approach from the Rio Grand Valley, near Elephant Butte Lakes. Starting from the Rio Grande Valley, in the vicinity of Elephant Butte Lake (exiting from I-25 at the "Truth or Consequences Municipal Airport") New Mexico State Highway 52 goes generally west through Cuchillo, New Mexico, and continues in a northerly and westerly direction to the area of Winston and Chloride, New Mexico, after which it turns north and passes to the west of the mountain range known as the Sierra Cuchillo. and then turns back east to return to Alamosa Creek, intersecting it near the west (or upstream) entrance to the box canyon feature known as the Canada Alamosa, where it meets Forest Road 140, (see paragraph below). Near this juncture is the Ojo Caliente hot springs revered as the center of a home base by the Warm Springs Apache band, and the site of the historical Ojo Caliente Agency, also known as the "Hot Springs Indian Reservation". From this point, at the western (or upstream) entrance to the box canyon, the traveler can go back east and south through the box canyon on Forest Road 140 to Monticello and back to the Rio Grande Valley via State Highway 142, or continue north on State Highway 52, passing through Dusty, New Mexico, to a junction with U.S. Highway 60, west of Magdalena, N.M, and near the "very large array".
* Approach from U.S. Highway 60 near the "Very Large Array". Starting From the east-west trending U.S. Highway 60 near the "Very Large Array" in the vicinity of Magdalena, New Mexico, the New Mexico State Highway 52 runs south to the canyon feature known as the Canada Alamosa, and the Ojo Caliente hot springs, reversing the route of the previous paragraph.

### New Mexico State Highway 142, and Forest Road 140 going to Monticello. New Mexico (the historic Canada Alamosa community) and continuing up through the box canyon to the site of Ojo Caliente Hot Springs

New Mexico State Highway 142 branches off State Highway 52, about 5 miles west of the point where Highway 52 exits I 25 in the Rio Grande Valley, in the vicinity of Elephant Butte Lake. State Highway 142 then goes west and north out of the Rio Grande Valley, up to Monticello, New Mexico. After reaching Monticello, the road extends up Alamosa Creek, becoming Forest Road 140 which goes north and west through the box canyon, often running right in the river bed. Forest Road 140 emerges from the north-western end of the canyon, passes the coulee down which Ojo Caliente flows and meets New Mexico State Highway 52 (see route noted above).

Forest Road 140 may be only seasonally passable through the box canyon, and caution should be exercised on this portion of the route, that travels through the box canyon north of Monticello.

The Apache name for the Warm Spring band, indicating the Red Paint People, has been spelled in different ways. The Canada Alamosa Project refers to the "Chihende" band of Apaches. The Article by Virginia T. McLemore on the Geology of the area that includes Red Paint Canyon, refers to the Tcihene Apache. However the more common spelling is Chihenne (or sometimes Chihene), and that is used in this article

* Shapard, Bud (2010) Chief Loco: Apache Peacemaker, University of Oklahoma Press. Norman, Oklahoma, 1st Edition, ISBN 978-0-8061-4047-6.
* Debo, Angie. Geronimo: The Man, His Time, His Place. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-1828-8.
* Roberts, David (1993, 1994). Once They Moved Like the Wind. New York, New York 10020: Simon and Schuster. pp.  90, 91. ISBN 0-671-88556-1.


title: Prisoners in Paradise

abstract: Prisoners in Paradise is the fifth studio album by the Swedish rock band Europe. It was released on 23 September 1991 by Epic Records and spawned hits such as the title track, "Prisoners in Paradise" and "I'll Cry for You". The album did not chart in the US, which is unusual for a major label follow-up to two recent (multi)platinum albums. Prisoners in Paradise is the last album to feature guitarist Kee Marcello. The band's guitarist Kee Marcello states in his 2011 biography that Bob Rock was the first choice for producer for this album, and agreed initially but pulled out to work on Metallica's eponymous album instead. The large number of finished bonus tracks is also explained in this book: the first version of this album, called "Seventh Sign" was rejected by the label in 1990 and the band had to write and record new songs. Five more tracks were demoed in addition to the 25 listed below; two of them were rewritten and became "New Love in Town" on Last Look at Eden and "Bring it All Home" on Bag of Bones. Most of the unreleased songs down below can be found on YouTube as demo recordings. Two of the previously unreleased tracks, "Wild Child" and "I Don't Know How to Love No More" were re-recorded for Kee Marcello's 2016 solo album "Scaling Up" on Frontiers Records.

text:
# Prisoners in Paradise

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Classic Rock* |  |
| *The Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal* | 3/10 |
| *Record Collector* |  |

***Prisoners in Paradise*** is the fifth studio album by the Swedish rock band Europe. It was released on 23 September 1991 by Epic Records and spawned hits such as the title track, "Prisoners in Paradise" and "I'll Cry for You". The album did not chart in the US, which is unusual for a major label follow-up to two recent (multi)platinum albums. *Prisoners in Paradise* is the last album to feature guitarist Kee Marcello.

The band's guitarist Kee Marcello states in his 2011 biography that Bob Rock was the first choice for producer for this album, and agreed initially but pulled out to work on Metallica's eponymous album instead. The large number of finished bonus tracks is also explained in this book: the first version of this album, called "Seventh Sign" was rejected by the label in 1990 and the band had to write and record new songs. Five more tracks were demoed in addition to the 25 listed below; two of them were rewritten and became "New Love in Town" on *Last Look at Eden* and "Bring it All Home" on *Bag of Bones*. Most of the unreleased songs down below can be found on YouTube as demo recordings. Two of the previously unreleased tracks, "Wild Child" and "I Don't Know How to Love No More" were re-recorded for Kee Marcello's 2016 solo album "Scaling Up" on Frontiers Records.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "All or Nothing" | Eric Martin, Andre Pessis, Joey Tempest | Tempest | 3:54 |
| 2. | "Halfway to Heaven" | Tempest, Jim Vallance | Tempest, Vallance | 4:06 |
| 3. | "I'll Cry for You" | Tempest, Nick Graham | Tempest, Graham | 5:21 |
| 4. | "Little Bit of Lovin'" | Tempest | Tempest, Kee Marcello | 4:48 |
| 5. | "Talk to Me" | Tempest, Mic Michaeli | Tempest, Michaeli | 4:06 |
| 6. | "Seventh Sign" | Tempest | Tempest, Marcello, Michaeli | 4:42 |
| 7. | "Prisoners in Paradise" | Tempest | Tempest | 5:36 |
| 8. | "Bad Blood" | Tempest, Michaeli | Tempest, Marcello | 4:19 |
| 9. | "Homeland" | Tempest, Michaeli | Tempest, Marcello, Michaeli | 4:51 |
| 10. | "Got Your Mind in the Gutter" | Tempest, Beau Hill | Marcello, Hill | 4:59 |
| 11. | "'Til My Heart Beats Down Your Door" | Brian McDonald, Fiona | Tempest, Michaeli | 3:47 |
| 12. | "Girl from Lebanon" | Tempest | Tempest | 4:20 |

Japanese edition bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "Break Free" | Tempest | Tempest, Marcello | 4:05 |
| 14. | "Yesterday's News" | Tempest, Marcello, Michaeli, John Levén, Ian Haugland | Tempest | 5:27 |

Spitfire Records 2001 remaster bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "Mr. Government Man" | Tempest, Hill | Tempest, Hill | 3:36 |
| 14. | "A Long Time Comin'" | Tempest | Tempest, Marcello | 3:55 |

Tracks from the *Prisoners in Paradise* recording sessions available on various compilations
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Sweet Love Child" (released on the *1982–1992* and *1982–2000* compilations) | Tempest, Marcello, Michaeli | 4:57 |
| 2. | "Rainbow Warrior" (released on CD with *Encyclopedia of Swedish Hard Rock and Heavy Metal 1970–1996*) | Tempest, Marcello, Michaeli, Levén, Haugland | 6:35 |
| 3. | "Blame It on Me" (released on CD with *Encyclopedia of Swedish Hard Rock and Heavy Metal vol II* (2002)) | Tempest, Marcello, Michaeli, Levén, Haugland | 4:45 |
| 4. | "Here Comes the Night" (released on the compilation album *Rock the Night: The Very Best of Europe*) | Tempest | 4:27 |

Demo tracks that remain unreleased
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Wild Child" | 4:05 |
| 2. | "Don't Know How to Love No More" | 5:50 |
| 3. | "Wanted Man" | 4:44 |
| 4. | "Little Sinner" | 3:56 |
| 5. | "Never Gonna Say Goodbye" | 3:45 |
| 6. | "Stranded" | 4:32 |
| 7. | "I Want Your Love" | 6:20 |

(Note: These unreleased demos can be heard on YouTube and, thusly, accurate time lengths for these songs were acquired.)

## Personnel

### Europe

### Additional musicians

* Nate Winger, Paul Winger – background vocals

### Production

* Beau Hill – producer, mixing
* Jimmy Hoyson – engineer, mixing
* Martin Horenburg – assistant engineer
* Ted Jensen – mastering
* Jeff Katz – photography
* Mark Wilkinson – illustrations
* Tony Sellari – art direction

## Charts

| Chart (1991) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria) | 32 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 60 |
| Finnish Albums (The Official Finnish Charts) | 21 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 38 |
| Italian Albums (*Musica e Dischi*) | 22 |
| Japanese Albums (Oricon) | 12 |
| Norwegian Albums (VG-lista) | 18 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 9 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 17 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 61 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sweden (GLF) | Platinum | 100,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| Prisoners in Paradise | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover art by Mark Wilkinson | |
| Studio album by Europe | |
| Released | 23 September 1991 |
| Recorded | 1990–1991 |
| Studio | Enterprise Studios, Burbank, California |
| Genre | Glam metal, hard rock |
| Length | 54:57 |
| Label | Epic |
| Producer | Beau Hill |
| Europe chronology | |
| *Out of This World*
(1988) ***Prisoners in Paradise***
(1991) *1982–1992*
(1993) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Prisoners in Paradise* | |
| 1. "Prisoners in Paradise"
Released: September 1991 2. "I'll Cry for You"
Released: December 1991 3. "Halfway to Heaven"
Released: March 1992 | |
|  | |


title: David Silver (roboticist)

abstract: David Silver was a student at MIT in the early 1970s, who was the primary developer of the Silver Arm, an improved robotic arm which was used for experimenting in mechanisms for fine motor control using motions similar to human hand and finger movements. While still a high school student, prior to enrolling at MIT, Silver had frequented the Project MAC offices, and was taught to program in PDP-6 assembly language by some of the early hackers, who picked him up as a 'mascot' of their group. According to Steven Levy's book Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution, his presence at the lab, and his being allowed to work on independent robotics projects, became a source of friction between the nascent Hacker group and the project's administrators.

text:
# David Silver (roboticist)

**David Silver** was a student at MIT in the early 1970s, who was the primary developer of the Silver Arm, an improved robotic arm which was used for experimenting in mechanisms for fine motor control using motions similar to human hand and finger movements.

While still a high school student, prior to enrolling at MIT, Silver had frequented the Project MAC offices, and was taught to program in PDP-6 assembly language by some of the early hackers, who picked him up as a 'mascot' of their group. According to Steven Levy's book *Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution*, his presence at the lab, and his being allowed to work on independent robotics projects, became a source of friction between the nascent Hacker group and the project's administrators.

* L. Peter Deutsch, another early MIT hacker who began with the Project MAC group's computers as a teen before enrolling at MIT, and who went on to develop several important software systems such as Ghostscript
* Tom Knight, who would also join the MIT hackers while still underage, and went on to be a significant figure in the subsequent Lisp Machine projects.