title: Saskatchewan Highway 305

abstract: Highway 305 is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Highway 16 near Langham to Highway 11 near Warman. It is about 30 kilometres (19 mi) long. Highway 305 begins at Highway 16 at the south-eastern corner of the Langham town limits. It travels east towards Dalmeny where it turns south until it intersects Highways 684 and 784. The highway resumes travelling east, intersecting Highway 12 approximately 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) north of Martensville. It bypasses Warman, following the northern city boundary, and ends at Highway 11. In 2019, an interchange with Highway 11 was opened, modifying traffic patterns around other existing intersections.

text:
# Saskatchewan Highway 305

**Highway 305** is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Highway 16 near Langham to Highway 11 near Warman. It is about 30 kilometres (19 mi) long.

Highway 305 begins at Highway 16 at the south-eastern corner of the Langham town limits. It travels east towards Dalmeny where it turns south until it intersects Highways 684 and 784. The highway resumes travelling east, intersecting Highway 12 approximately 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) north of Martensville. It bypasses Warman, following the northern city boundary, and ends at Highway 11. In 2019, an interchange with Highway 11 was opened, modifying traffic patterns around other existing intersections.

## History

Highway 305 was the original alignment of Highway 16, which at the time was designated as Provincial Highway 5. At the time, the highway continued east from Warman, crossed the South Saskatchewan River via a ferry, and continued east to Aberdeen and Humboldt. By the mid-1950s, Highway 5 was rerouted to follow Highway 12 south and pass through Saskatoon, bypassing the Warman ferry. In the 1960s, Highway 5 was realigned between Langham and Saskatoon, and the bypassed section was re-designated as Highway 305. Until 2014, Highway 305 followed Central Street (Highway 784) through Warman and ended at Highway 11, until a new bypass was opened in 2014.

## Major intersections

From west to east:

| Rural municipality | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Corman Park No. 344 | Langham | 0 | 0.0 | Highway 16 (TCH/YH) The Battlefords, Saskatoon |  |
| | Dalmeny | 11.5 | 7.1 | 1st Street | Hwy 305 branches south |
| |  | 13.8 | 8.6 |

Highway 784 west / Highway 684 south (Dalmeny Road) | Hwy 305 branches east; west end of Hwy 784 concurrency |
| |  | 20.3 | 12.6 | Highway 12 Blaine Lake, Martensville, Saskatoon |  |
| |  | 23.2 | 14.4 |
Highway 784 east Warman | East end of Hwy 784 concurrency; former Hwy 305 alignment |
| | Warman | 28.4 | 17.6 | Neuhorst access road / Centennial Boulevard |  |
| | 30.2 | 18.8 | Highway 11 Prince Albert, Saskatoon | Interchange |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Highway 305 | |
| --- | --- |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by Ministry of Highways and Infrastructure | |
| Length | 30 km (19 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | Highway 16 (TCH) near Langham |
| Major intersections | Highway 12 near Martensville |
| East end | Highway 11 near Warman |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Saskatchewan |
| Rural municipalities | Corman Park |
| Major cities | Warman |
| Towns | Langham, Dalmeny |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| Highway 304   Highway 306 | |


title: Eprotirome

abstract: Eprotirome is a thyromimetic drug that has been investigated for the treatment of dyslipidemia. A Phase III trial in humans was discontinued after the drug was found to have negative effects on cartilage in dogs.

text:
# Eprotirome

**Eprotirome** is a thyromimetic drug that has been investigated for the treatment of dyslipidemia. A Phase III trial in humans was discontinued after the drug was found to have negative effects on cartilage in dogs.

## InfoBox

Eprotirome
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * 2-({3,5-Dibromo-4-\[4-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-yl)phenoxy\]phenyl}carbamoyl)acetic acid | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| DrugBank |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C18H17Br2N2O5 |
| Molar mass | 501.151 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * CC(C)C1=C(C=CC(=C1)OC2=C(C=C(C=C2Br)NC(=O)CC(=O)O)Br)O | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C18H17Br2NO5/c1-9(2)12-7-11(3-4-15(12)22)26-18-13(19)5-10(6-14(18)20)21-16(23)8-17(24)25/h3-7,9,22H,8H2,1-2H3,(H,21,23)(H,24,25) * Key:VPCSYAVXDAUHLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |


title: Court Avenue

abstract: Court Avenue is a small street in downtown Bellefontaine, Ohio, United States, located adjacent to the Logan County Courthouse. First paved in 1893, it is known for being the first street in the United States to be paved with concrete.

text:
# Court Avenue

**Court Avenue** is a small street in downtown Bellefontaine, Ohio, United States, located adjacent to the Logan County Courthouse. First paved in 1893, it is known for being the first street in the United States to be paved with concrete.

## Early history

Court Avenue, like Bellefontaine's other streets, was originally a dirt road that could easily become dusty or muddy in bad weather. In 1886, concrete pioneer George Bartholomew moved to Logan County, where he found high-quality raw materials used for concrete production. By 1891, he had hopes of using concrete for street pavement, so he gained the Bellefontaine city council's permission to pave a few square feet of the nearby Main Street as a test patch. Although some feared that concrete pavement would quickly be damaged or destroyed, the pavement endured, and in 1893, the council permitted the pavement of all the streets surrounding the courthouse, including Court Avenue. While Bartholomew provided the materials, the actual process of laying the concrete was led by James Wonders, the county engineer. The council was not initially enthusiastic about the proposal, nevertheless; having found no previous examples of such paving methods, it required Bartholomew to donate the cement and to pay a $5,000 bond to ensure that the pavement would last for five years. These fears also led authorities to have the concrete covered in sawdust in cold weather.

## Intermediate history

Although Bartholomew paved all four streets surrounding the courthouse, Main and Opera Streets and Columbus Avenue have since been paved over with asphalt due to damage from a broken water main in the 1950s. Consequently, Court Avenue has become a center of historical interest and preservation efforts as the only remaining example of Bartholomew's original pavement. Various anniversaries have seen celebrations and reconstructions, including the placement of a large concrete memorial on the courthouse grounds on the 50th anniversary, rededication on the 70th anniversary, and recognition with a historical marker on the 75th anniversary. Bartholomew's concrete was strong enough to see little damage for its first several decades, requiring the expense of only $1,400 for maintenance in its first fifty years, although it required reconstruction in the 1960s. On February 25, 1974, the street was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Court Avenue was designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1976.

## Recent history

In recent years, Court Avenue has been the center of various historic preservation efforts. The street was the focus of a centenary celebration in 1991: a monument of Bartholomew was placed at the western end of the street, both to honor the pioneer and to close the street to motor vehicles, and the street was turned into a pedestrian mall. However, few people (except for skateboarders) used the street, and its impact on the downtown traffic flow led to its reopening several years later. The monument to Bartholomew remains, but has been moved to ensure that only the eastbound lane is usable. Today, the Logan County Historical Society and others hope to see the street restored to its car-free state, although downtown businesses and many other local residents want it to stay open for traffic.

## Composition and structure

The pavement as originally laid was composed of two levels of concrete made in a method similar to that used to pave sidewalks. Aside from Bartholomew's cement, made from clay and limestone, the concrete included aggregate of no larger than ½ and 1½ inches (top and bottom layers respectively), with water-cement ratios of 0.45 and 0.60 (top and bottom), laid on a 4-inch (100 mm)-deep base. Mixed by hand, the concrete has an air mixture of about 8% and a total strength of about 34.5 megapascals, or slightly over 5,000 psi. The total cost of paving the street was approximately $9,000, aside from the bond. Restorations performed on the pavement since the original construction have proven less resilient; most patches in poor condition are those that have been restored, with Bartholomew's remaining segments withstanding damage more satisfactorily.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| First Concrete Street In U.S. | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| West entrance to Court Avenue | |
|  | |
| Location | Bellefontaine, Ohio, United States |
| Coordinates | 40°21′38″N 83°45′33″W / 40.36056°N 83.75917°W / 40.36056; -83.75917 |
| Area | Less than one acre |
| Built | 1893 |
| Architect | George Bartholomew |
| NRHP reference No. | 74001547 |
| Added to NRHP | February 25, 1974 |


title: Bradmore Road

abstract: Bradmore Road is a residential road in North Oxford, England. At the northern end of the road is a junction with Norham Road and at the southern end is a junction with Norham Gardens, with the University Parks opposite. Halfway along the road, Crick Road leads east to Fyfield Road. To the west is Banbury Road.

text:
# Bradmore Road

**Bradmore Road** is a residential road in North Oxford, England.

At the northern end of the road is a junction with Norham Road and at the southern end is a junction with Norham Gardens, with the University Parks opposite. Halfway along the road, Crick Road leads east to Fyfield Road. To the west is Banbury Road.

## History and residents

Houses in the road were first leased between 1870 and 1874 on land owned by St John's College. They were mainly designed by Frederick Codd (Nos 1–2 and 13–17) and Galpin & Shirley (Nos 7–12 and 18–20). The houses by Codd are in the traditional North Oxford Victorian Gothic style. St John's College closely controlled the scale and distribution of the houses on the road, with the subsequent designs ensuring provision of adequate rear gardens and front walls and railings.

John Galpin (1824–1891), an auctioneer and Mayor of Oxford in 1873–74 and 1879–80, leased 12 Bradmore Road in 1873. The Dowager Lady Buxton also leased 20 Bradmore Road in 1873. Sir Edward Henry Pelham (1876–1949), the son of Henry Francis Pelham (President of Trinity College, Oxford) and Laura Priscilla Buxton, later Permanent Secretary of the Board of Education between 1931 and 1937, was born in 20 Bradmore Road on 20 December 1876. In 1874, 13 Bradfield Road was leased to William Esson (1838–1916), a mathematician and Fellow of Merton College, Oxford.

Nos 9 and 10 were for a time a Radcliffe Infirmary nurses' home and later an annexe of Green College.

Walter Pater (1839–1894), author and scholar, and his sister Clara Pater (1841–1910), a pioneer of women's education, lived at 2 Bradmore Road. A blue plaque was installed by the Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Board in 2004. Mary Augusta Ward (known as Mrs Humphry Ward, 1851–1920), the social reformer and novelist, lived at 17 Bradmore Road. A blue plaque was installed in 2012. Her husband Thomas Humphry Ward (1845–1926), author and Fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford, leased the house in 1872. Other former residents included Sir Halford Mackinder (1861–1947), considered a founder of modern geography, and the biologist Professor Sir Ray Lankester (1847–1929).

Evolutionary biologist and author Richard Dawkins was a resident.

13 Bradmore Road has been listed Grade II on the National Heritage List for England since October 2008. The heritage listing describes the house as one of Cobb's "more successful commissions, standing out from other works by virtue of its overall success as a varied composition, the relatively richness of the masonry detailing, and its prominent corner position in the streetscape".

## Today

St Cross College has accommodation in 2 Bradmore Road. The University of Oxford runs a day nursery at 4c Bradmore Road. Nos 5–8 are owned by Linacre College. Kellogg College has accommodation at 7, 9/10 and 11 Bradmore Road (11 was formerly a St Anne's College house) with 12 and 13 currently being refurbished.

51°45′50″N 1°15′32″W / 51.764°N 1.259°W / 51.764; -1.259


title: Pila ovata

abstract: Pila ovata is a species of gastropods belonging to the family Ampullariidae. The species is found in Africa.

text:
# Pila ovata

***Pila ovata*** is a species of gastropods belonging to the family Ampullariidae.

The species is found in Africa.

## InfoBox

| *Pila ovata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Architaenioglossa |
| Family: | Ampullariidae |
| Genus: | *Pila* |
| Species: | ***P. ovata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pila ovata***<br>(Olivier, 1804) | |
|


title: Tagetes oaxacana

abstract: Tagetes oaxacana is a Mexican species of plant in the family Asteraceae. It has been found only in the State of Oaxaca in southern Mexico. Tagetes oaxacana is an erect hairless shrub up to 100 cm tall. Leaves are once-pinnate, the lobes very narrow and thread-like with many glands along their lengths. The plant produces flower heads one per flowering stalk, each head with 5 yellow Ray florets surrounding 30-40 yellow Disc florets. The plant grows on rocky limestone slopes.

text:
# Tagetes oaxacana

***Tagetes oaxacana*** is a Mexican species of plant in the family Asteraceae. It has been found only in the State of Oaxaca in southern Mexico.

*Tagetes oaxacana* is an erect hairless shrub up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall. Leaves are once-pinnate, the lobes very narrow and thread-like with many glands along their lengths. The plant produces flower heads one per flowering stalk, each head with 5 yellow Ray florets surrounding 30-40 yellow Disc florets. The plant grows on rocky limestone slopes.

## InfoBox

| *Tagetes oaxacana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | *Tagetes* |
| Species: | ***T. oaxacana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tagetes oaxacana***<br>B.L.Turner 1988 | |
|


title: Union Club of Boston

abstract: The Union Club of Boston, founded in 1863, is one of the oldest gentlemen's clubs in the United States. It is located on Beacon Hill, adjacent to the Massachusetts State House. The clubhouse at No. 7 and No. 8 Park Street was originally the homes of John Amory Lowell (#7), and Abbott Lawrence (#8). The houses were built c.1830-40, and they were remodeled for club use in 1896. The clubhouse overlooks the Boston Common, and has views of the Common itself, Boston's Back Bay neighborhood, and the hills to the west of the city. The Union Club was formed by members of another prominent Boston gentlemen's club, the Somerset Club, after disagreement over whether to support the Union cause during the American Civil War, about which the members of the club split along political lines. In response, defectors formed the Union Club, which demanded "unqualified loyalty to the constitution and the Union of our United States, and unwavering support of the Federal Government in effort for the suppression of the rebellion." The founders of the club did not restrict membership to those of a single political party, but accepted all those willing to support the Union Cause in the Civil War.  The club later became the first male club in the city to welcome women as members. A few months later, in 1983, the club welcomed its first Black member.

text:
# Union Club of Boston

The **Union Club of Boston**, founded in 1863, is one of the oldest gentlemen's clubs in the United States. It is located on Beacon Hill, adjacent to the Massachusetts State House. The clubhouse at No. 7 and No. 8 Park Street was originally the homes of John Amory Lowell (#7), and Abbott Lawrence (#8). The houses were built c.1830-40, and they were remodeled for club use in 1896. The clubhouse overlooks the Boston Common, and has views of the Common itself, Boston's Back Bay neighborhood, and the hills to the west of the city.

The Union Club was formed by members of another prominent Boston gentlemen's club, the Somerset Club, after disagreement over whether to support the Union cause during the American Civil War, about which the members of the club split along political lines. In response, defectors formed the Union Club, which demanded "unqualified loyalty to the constitution and the Union of our United States, and unwavering support of the Federal Government in effort for the suppression of the rebellion." The founders of the club did not restrict membership to those of a single political party, but accepted all those willing to support the Union Cause in the Civil War.

The club later became the first male club in the city to welcome women as members. A few months later, in 1983, the club welcomed its first Black member.

## Notable Members

42°21′27.5″N 71°3′45.8″W / 42.357639°N 71.062722°W / 42.357639; -71.062722


title: Sasha and Zamani

abstract: Sasha and Zamani are two aspects of time as expressed in some Eastern and Central African cultures. Sasa are spirits known by someone still alive while Zamani are spirits not known by anyone currently alive. Sasa are concerned with, and are expressed as, the present time, the recent past, and the near future while Zamani is the limitless past. Potential time is the third part of the space-time continuum in African thought. People must learn from the past to act wisely in the present to create a good future.

text:
# Sasha and Zamani

**Sasha** and **Zamani** are two aspects of time as expressed in some Eastern and Central African cultures. Sasa are spirits known by someone still alive while Zamani are spirits not known by anyone currently alive. Sasa are concerned with, and are expressed as, the present time, the recent past, and the near future while Zamani is the limitless past. Potential time is the third part of the space-time continuum in African thought. People must learn from the past to act wisely in the present to create a good future.

## Description

According to James Loewen in his book *Lies My Teacher Told Me*: *The recently departed whose time overlapped with people still here are the Sasha, the living dead. They are not wholly dead, for they live on in the memories of the living ... when the last person knowing an ancestor dies, that ancestor leaves the Sasha for the Zamani, the dead. As generalized ancestors, the Zamani are not forgotten but revered.* Loewen cites and paraphrases the explanation from *African Religions and Philosophy* by John Mbiti. Sasha and Zamani are not stages of death. They are the two ontological stages (or dimensions) of history in Swahili culture.

In Swahili, the two time dimensions are called sasa and zamani. Both have quality and quantity. People speak of them as big, small, little, short, long, etc. in relation to a particular event. Sasha refers to the events that have just taken place or are taking place now at the moment or are just about to take place in the near future. Sasha time can extend into the future for about six months or, at the most, one year. Zamani time overlaps Sasha time to some extent in the present, but it also goes back very far into the past time. It absorbs, holds, and stores all the events that have ever occurred. It is more significant than sasha because it stretches endlessly back into the past. It includes the time of myth when all the stories of creation took place and when the great and famous heroes of the past performed their exploits (Anderson 1986, Mbiti 1994).

> Zamani is not limited to what in English is called the past.… Zamani overlaps with Sasha and the two are not separable. Sasha feeds or disappears into Zamani. But before events become incorporated into the Zamani, they have to become realized or actualized within the Sasha dimension. When this has taken place, the events "move" backwards from the Sasha into the Zamani…. It is the final storehouse for all phenomena and events, the ocean of time in which everything becomes absorbed into a reality that is neither after nor before. John S. Mbiti, African Religions and Philosophy, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Heinemann, 1990), 22.


title: EntireX

abstract: EntireX DCOM is a commercial implementation of Microsoft's Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) technology by Software AG for the Windows, AIX, HP/UX, Solaris, Linux, AS/400, z/OS, z/VM, and BS2000/OSD platforms.

text:
# EntireX

**EntireX** DCOM is a commercial implementation of Microsoft's Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) technology by Software AG for the Windows, AIX, HP/UX, Solaris, Linux, AS/400, z/OS, z/VM, and BS2000/OSD platforms.

## Description

EntireX is a software product developed and marketed by Software AG. It is primarily an enterprise application integration product, designed to enable application-level integration of Windows clients (desktops, laptops, etc.) with 'legacy systems' (mainframes), packaged systems (such as other Software AG products) and Web services.

It enables communication between DCOM applications running on Windows and non-Windows platforms in heterogeneous networks (networks where software runs in diverse operating Systems and several types of hardware). For instance, it enables a DCOM application running on a Windows machine to communicate with a DCOM application running on an AS/400 platform. In recent years, Software AG has focused EntireX development on 'Web-enabling' mainframe applications. EntireX supports mainframe applications executing COBOL, Natural, Adabas, and other 'legacy' languages.

EntireX allows for direct user and client-computer interactions with the mainframe or web-hosted application, by encapsulating functions in an Active-X like control. Unlike screen scraping, EntireX allows old mainframe applications and web services to remain 'in place', while extending their functional capabilities to new platforms.

EntireX is XML compliant and offers a GUI wizard-based application for building integration solutions.

## Components

There are 3 components of EntireX:

* EntireX Communicator, which enables communications with back-end systems, and can handle synchronous and asynchronous communication
* EntireX XML Mediator, which is primarily a router for XML messages
* EntireX Adapters, which provide adapters to integrate with both front-end (e.g., web servers, app servers) and back-end (e.g. mainframe) systems

EntireX supports synchronous and asynchronous communications, load balancing, administrative and management re-configurations, metadata extraction, determining which Web Services are enabled and/or consumed, and related meta-operations.


title: Subdivisions of São Paulo

abstract: São Paulo in Brazil is a large metropolitan city that has several levels of subdivision. Administratively, the municipality is divided into 32 boroughs, each in turn divided into 96 wards. Locally, wards may contain one or more neighborhoods (bairros).

text:
# Subdivisions of São Paulo

São Paulo in Brazil is a large metropolitan city that has several levels of subdivision. Administratively, the municipality is divided into 32 boroughs, each in turn divided into 96 wards (*distritos*, or districts). Locally, wards may contain one or more neighborhoods (*bairros*).

## Administrative zones

The subprefectures are officially grouped into nine regions (or "zones"), taking into account their geographical position and history of occupation. These regions are used only in technical and governmental agencies and are not identified by any visual communication in the city.

| Administrative Zones of São Paulo | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Map | Zone | Population | Area |
|  |  | *est. 2008* | *in km²* |
| | ***Central*** | 328,597 | 31 |
| | ***Northwest*** | 1,007,691 | 144 |
| | ***Northeast*** | 1,181,582 | 152 |
| | ***East 1*** | 1,212,099 | 140 |
| | ***East 2*** | 1,342,924 | 68,8 |
| | ***Southeast*** | 1,494,770 | 128 |
| | ***South*** | 2,346,913 | 607 |
| | ***South-Central*** | 715,910 | 74 |
| | ***West*** | 872,817 | 128 |
| | **City of São Paulo** | **10,940,311** | **1509** |
| | Source: | | |

## Subprefectures

Boroughs in São Paulo are governed by subprefectures (from 2016 to 2018 named regional prefectures) created—at least in theory—to give more financial autonomy to local governments. There are 32 subprefectures.

| Subprefecture | | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |
| 1 | **Aricanduva** |  | 17 | **M'Boi Mirim** |
| | 2 | **Butantã** | 18 | **Mooca** |
| | 3 | **Campo Limpo** | 19 | **Parelheiros** |
| | 4 | **Capela do Socorro** | 20 | **Penha** |
| | 5 | **Casa Verde** | 21 | **Perus** |
| | 6 | **Cidade Ademar** | 22 | **Pinheiros** |
| | 7 | **Cidade Tiradentes** | 23 | **Pirituba-Jaraguá** |
| | 8 | **Ermelino Matarazzo** | 24 | **Santana-Tucuruvi** |
| | 9 | **Freguesia-Brasilândia** | 25 | **Santo Amaro** |
| | 10 | **Guaianases** | 26 | **São Mateus** |
| | 11 | **Ipiranga** | 27 | **São Miguel Paulista** |
| | 12 | **Itaim Paulista** | 28 | **Sapopemba** |
| | 13 | **Itaquera** | 29 |  |
| | 14 | **Jabaquara** | 30 | **Vila Maria-Vila Guilherme** |
| | 15 | **Jaçanã-Tremembé** | 31 | **Vila Mariana** |
| | 16 | **Lapa** | 32 | **Vila Prudente** |
| |

## Wards

Wards in São Paulo, called *Distritos* (districts), are subdivisions of the boroughs, without a self-government.

## Neighborhoods

Some districts are further divided into *bairros*, which are the equivalent of neighborhoods or boroughs in English.

## Geographic areas

The city of São Paulo recognizes ten geographical areas used to reference locations in the city. These zones were established by dividing the city radially from the center and each is represented by a different color that is used on city buses and street signs. The only criterion used for this division is geographic boundaries (roads, rivers, etc.), having no relation whatsoever to the administrative divisions. Some districts can be partly in one geographic area, and partly in another.


title: Bradnam Wood

abstract: Bradnam Wood is a 12.5-hectare (31-acre) Local Nature Reserve west of Maidenhead in Berkshire. It is owned by the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead and managed by The Woodland Trust. This site has mature woodland at the northern end and more recently planted trees in the south. In the middle is a field which has chalk grassland plants and large anthills. There is access from Marlow Road.

text:
# Bradnam Wood

**Bradnam Wood** is a 12.5-hectare (31-acre) Local Nature Reserve west of Maidenhead in Berkshire. It is owned by the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead and managed by The Woodland Trust.

This site has mature woodland at the northern end and more recently planted trees in the south. In the middle is a field which has chalk grassland plants and large anthills.

There is access from Marlow Road.

51°32′56″N 0°46′48″W / 51.549°N 0.780°W / 51.549; -0.780

## InfoBox

| Bradnam Wood | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Type | Local Nature Reserve |
| Location | Maidenhead, Berkshire |
| OS grid | SU 847 840 |
| Area | 12.5 hectares (31 acres) |
| Managed by | The Woodland Trust |


abstract: The Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Cinematography is an award presented by the Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association. It is given in honor of a cinematographer who has delivered an outstanding achievement in film.

text:
# Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Cinematography

The **Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Cinematography** is an award presented by the Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association. It is given in honor of a cinematographer who has delivered an outstanding achievement in film.

## Winners

### 1990s

| Year | Winner | Cinematographer |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1990 | *Dances with Wolves* | Dean Semler |
| 1991 | *JFK* | Robert Richardson |
| 1992 | *Unforgiven* | Jack N. Green |
| 1993 | *Schindler's List* | Janusz Kamiński |
| 1994 | *Legends of the Fall* † (TIE) | John Toll |
| | *The Shawshank Redemption* (TIE) | Roger Deakins |
| 1995 | *Braveheart* | John Toll |
| 1996 | *The English Patient* | John Seale |
| 1997 | *Titanic* | Russell Carpenter |
| 1998 | *Saving Private Ryan* | Janusz Kamiński |
| 1999 | *Snow Falling on Cedars* | Robert Richardson |

### 2000s

| Year | Winner | Cinematographer |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | *Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon* (*Wo hu cang long*) † | Peter Pau |
| 2001 | *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring* | Andrew Lesnie |
| 2002 | *Far from Heaven* | Edward Lachman |
| 2003 | *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King* | Andrew Lesnie |
| 2004 | No information | |
| 2005 | *Brokeback Mountain* | Rodrigo Prieto |
| 2006 | *Apocalypto* | Dean Semler |
| 2007 | *The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford* | Roger Deakins |
| 2008 | *The Dark Knight* | Wally Pfister |
| 2009 | *The Lovely Bones* | Andrew Lesnie |

### 2010s

| Year | Winner | Cinematographer(s) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | *127 Hours* | Anthony Dod Mantle and Enrique Chediak |
| 2011 | *The Tree of Life* | Emmanuel Lubezki |
| 2012 | *Life of Pi* | Claudio Miranda |
| 2013 | *Gravity* | Emmanuel Lubezki |
| 2014 | *Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance)* | |
| 2015 | *The Revenant* | |
| 2016 | *La La Land* | Linus Sandgren |
| 2017 | *The Shape of Water* | Dan Laustsen |
| 2018 | *Roma* | Alfonso Cuarón |
| 2019 | *1917* | Roger Deakins |

### 2020s

| Year | Winner | Cinematographer |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | *Nomadland* | Joshua James Richards |
| 2021 | *Dune* | Greig Fraser |
| 2022 | *Avatar: The Way of Water* | Russell Carpenter |
| 2023 | *Oppenheimer* | Hoyte van Hoytema |

## Multiple wins

4 wins 3 wins 2 wins

## InfoBox

| Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Cinematography | |
| --- | --- |
| Awarded for | Best Achievement in Cinematography |
| Country | United States |
| Presented by | Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association |
| First awarded | Dean Semler
*Dances with Wolves* (1990) |
| Currently held by | Hoyte van Hoytema
*Oppenheimer* (2023) |
| Website | dfwcritics.com |


abstract: San Antonito is a census-designated place in Socorro County, New Mexico, United States. Its population was 94 as of the 2010 census.

text:
# San Antonito, Socorro County, New Mexico

**San Antonito** is a census-designated place in Socorro County, New Mexico, United States. Its population was 94 as of the 2010 census.

## Education

It is within Socorro Consolidated Schools. Socorro High School is the comprehensive high school of the district.

Media related to San Antonito, Socorro County, New Mexico at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| San Antonito, New Mexico | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| San Antonito, New Mexico | |
| Coordinates: 33°53′30″N 106°52′28″W / 33.89167°N 106.87444°W / 33.89167; -106.87444 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New Mexico |
| County | Socorro |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.730 sq mi (4.48 km2) |
| Land | 1.730 sq mi (4.48 km2) |
| Water | 0 sq mi (0 km2) |
| Elevation | 4,626 ft (1,410 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 94 |
| Density | 54/sq mi (21/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-7 (Mountain (MST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-6 (MDT) |
| Area code | 575 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2584201 |


title: Caldecott, Northamptonshire

abstract: Caldecott is a hamlet in the North Northamptonshire, England, about 2 miles (3 km) east of the centre of Rushden and 2+1⁄2 miles (4 km) south of Raunds. Caldecott is in the civil parish of Chelveston cum Caldecott, less than 1⁄2 mile (800 m) south of Chelveston. The villages name means 'Cold cottages'

text:
# Caldecott, Northamptonshire

**Caldecott** is a hamlet in the North Northamptonshire, England, about 2 miles (3 km) east of the centre of Rushden and 2+12 miles (4 km) south of Raunds. Caldecott is in the civil parish of Chelveston cum Caldecott, less than 12 mile (800 m) south of Chelveston.

The villages name means 'Cold cottages'

## Parish Church

The Church of England parish church of St John the Baptist is in Caldecott Road between Caldecott and Chelveston. The earliest parts of the church are 13th-century, including the north tower. Part of the chancel is 14th-century. The south porch was built in 1635. The arcades were rebuilt and the north aisle added in 1849–50 to designs by the architect E. F. Law. The church is a Grade II\* listed building.

The north tower has a ring of five bells, but currently they are unringable. Accordingly a new electronic bell sound system was installed in 2012.

## Church Bells

Henry Penn of Peterborough cast the second and tenor bells in 1727. Thomas I Eayre of Kettering cast the treble bell in 1744. Robert Taylor of Loughborough cast the third and fourth bells in 1819.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Caldecott | |
| --- | --- |
| Parish church of St John the Baptist | |
| CaldecottLocation within Northamptonshire | |
| OS grid reference | SP989689 |
| Civil parish |  |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Wellingborough |
| Postcode district | NN9 |
| Dialling code | 01933 |
|  | |
| Police | Northamptonshire |
| Fire | Northamptonshire |
| Ambulance | East Midlands |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
| Website | Chelveston-cum-Caldecott Parish Council |
|


title: Crambus sectitermina

abstract: Crambus sectitermina is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1910. It is found in Zambia and Zimbabwe.

text:
# Crambus sectitermina

***Crambus sectitermina*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1910. It is found in Zambia and Zimbabwe.

## InfoBox

| *Crambus sectitermina* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Crambus sectitermina Hampson, 1910 | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Crambus* |
| Species: | ***C. sectitermina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Crambus sectitermina***<br>Hampson, 1910 | |
|


title: Bradner's Pharmacy

abstract: Bradner's Pharmacy is located in Montclair, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1926 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 1, 1988.

text:
# Bradner's Pharmacy

**Bradner's Pharmacy** is located in Montclair, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1926 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 1, 1988.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Bradner's Pharmacy | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| New Jersey Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 33 Watchung Plaza, Montclair, New Jersey |
| Coordinates | 40°49′48″N 74°12′21″W / 40.83000°N 74.20583°W / 40.83000; -74.20583 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1926 |
| Architect | Arthur Ramhurst |
| Architectural style | Tudor Revival |
| MPS | Montclair MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 86003010 |
| NJRHP No. | 1199 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | July 1, 1988 |
| Designated NJRHP | September 29, 1986 |


title: Pickands–Balkema–De Haan theorem

abstract: The Pickands–Balkema–De Haan theorem gives the asymptotic tail distribution of a random variable, when its true distribution is unknown. It is often called the second theorem in extreme value theory. Unlike the first theorem, which concerns the maximum of a sample, the Pickands–Balkema–De Haan theorem describes the values above a threshold. The theorem owes its name to mathematicians James Pickands, Guus Balkema, and Laurens de Haan.

text:
# Pickands–Balkema–De Haan theorem

The **Pickands–Balkema–De Haan theorem** gives the asymptotic tail distribution of a random variable, when its true distribution is unknown. It is often called the second theorem in extreme value theory. Unlike the first theorem (the Fisher–Tippett–Gnedenko theorem), which concerns the maximum of a sample, the Pickands–Balkema–De Haan theorem describes the values above a threshold.

The theorem owes its name to mathematicians James Pickands, Guus Balkema, and Laurens de Haan.

## Conditional excess distribution function

For an unknown distribution function $F$ of a random variable $X$, the Pickands–Balkema–De Haan theorem describes the conditional distribution function $F\_{u}$ of the variable $X$ above a certain threshold $u$. This is the so-called conditional excess distribution function, defined as

$$F\_{u}(y)=P(X-u\leq y|X\>u)={\frac {F(u+y)-F(u)}{1-F(u)}}$$

for $0\leq y\leq x\_{F}-u$, where $x\_{F}$ is either the finite or infinite right endpoint of the underlying distribution $F$. The function $F\_{u}$ describes the distribution of the excess value over a threshold $u$, given that the threshold is exceeded.

## Statement

Let $F\_{u}$ be the conditional excess distribution function. Pickands, Balkema and De Haan posed that for a large class of underlying distribution functions $F$, and large $u$, $F\_{u}$ is well approximated by the generalized Pareto distribution, in the following sense. Suppose that there exist functions $a(u),b(u)$, with $a(u)\>0$ such that $F\_{u}(a(u)y+b(u))$ as $u\rightarrow \infty $ converge to a non-degenerate distribution, then such limit is equal to the generalized Pareto distribution:

$F\_{u}(a(u)y+b(u))\rightarrow G\_{k,\sigma }(y),{\text{ as }u\rightarrow \infty }$,

where

* $G\_{k,\sigma }(y)=1-(1+ky/\sigma )^{-1/k}$, if $k\neq 0$
* $G\_{k,\sigma }(y)=1-e^{-y/\sigma }$, if $k=0.$

Here *σ* \> 0, and *y*  0 when *k*  0 and 0  *y*  *σ*/*k* when *k* \< 0. These special cases are also known as

The class of underlying distribution functions $F$ are related to the class of the distribution functions $F$ satisfying the Fisher–Tippett–Gnedenko theorem.

Since a special case of the generalized Pareto distribution is a power-law, the Pickands–Balkema–De Haan theorem is sometimes used to justify the use of a power-law for modeling extreme events.

The theorem has been extended to include a wider range of distributions. While the extended versions cover, for example the normal and log-normal distributions, still continuous distributions exist that are not covered.


title: TV Magazine

abstract: TV Magazine was a weekly French television listings magazine owned by Figaro Group. As a supplement for the regional press, it was France's leading television listings magazine from 1987 to 2022. TV Magazine became Le Figaro TV Magazine in early 2023, marketed nationally and still owned by the Figaro Group.

text:
# TV Magazine

***TV Magazine*** was a weekly French television listings magazine owned by Figaro Group. As a supplement for the regional press, it was France's leading television listings magazine from 1987 to 2022. *TV Magazine* became *Le Figaro TV Magazine* in early 2023, marketed nationally and still owned by the Figaro Group.

## History and profile

*TV Magazine* was started in 1987. The Hersant Group launched *TV Magazine* as a supplement to French regional dailies.

The magazine was published by Hachette Filipacchi until 2001 when it began to be published Quebecor World Inc.

In 2007, the magazine had 14 million readers.

At the end of November 2008, Socpresse (publishing *TV Magazine*) and Lagardère Médias (publishing *TV Hebdo*) signed an agreement to merge the two weekly supplements of the daily press. Socpresse was the majority shareholder of the new entity that was *TV Magazine*.

It was part of the Figaro Group. In 2018, *TV Magazine* circulated 4.3 million copies per week.

In March 2019, it was expanded by ten additional pages. Published by the Figaro Group and distributed every Sunday with fifty titles from the regional press and *Le Figaro*, *TV Magazine* employed 38 people, including 17 journalists.

At the end of 2022, *Le Figaro* announced the termination of the contracts with the regional press titles, which ensured the distribution of *TV Magazine*. As France's leading television listings magazine, its circulation was then 3.7 million copies. The exorbitant manufacturing costs due to rising energy and paper prices determined the renegotiation of contracts between *Le Figaro* and distributors. This resulted in the loss of fourteen jobs as the producing company of *TV Magazine* was dissolved. Brice Laemle of *Le Monde* wrote that the magazine turned an "important page in its history". The final issue of *TV Magazine* was published in the last week of December 2022.

## Circulation

*TV Magazine* sold four million copies in October 1998. It was the second best-selling television magazine worldwide with a circulation of 4,489,000 copies in 2001. In 2006, the magazine had a circulation of 5,329,711, having suffered a small decline from 5,677,411 copies in 2002. The circulation of the magazine was 5,152,112 copies in 2014.

## *Le Figaro TV Magazine*

At the beginning of 2023, *TV Magazine* was replaced by *Diverto* for regional dailies. *Diverto* is distributed over 3 million copies through the alliance of 50 regional press titles. On 6 January 2023, the remodelled *TV Magazine* was relaunched as a supplement distributed by the newspapers *Le Figaro*, *Le Parisien* and *Le Républicain de l'Essonne*. Renamed *Le Figaro TV Magazine*, it is controlled by *Le Figaro* in partnership with *Le Parisien*.

Since then, *Le Figaro TV Magazine* has been marketed nationally by Media Figaro, the Figaro Group's advertising agency, with a circulation of 530,000 copies per week and is one of the top 5 French television listings magazines. The magazine has been distributed on Fridays and Saturdays, within the weekend offer of *Le Figaro*, *Madame Figaro*, and *Le Figaro Magazine*. It is also distributed under *Le Parisien TV Magazine* in the Friday edition of the daily *Le Parisien*. The magazine belongs to the same owner, the Figaro Group. The staff writers of *Le Figaro TV Magazine* and its website are those of the "screen division" of *Le Figaro*. François Aubel is editor-in-chief of *Le Figaro TV Magazine* and *Le Parisien TV Magazine*.

## Other uses

*TV Magazine* is also used in English-speaking countries as a generic name for any television listings magazine.

## InfoBox

*TV Magazine*
| Categories | Listings magazine |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | Weekly |
| Publisher | Groupe Figaro |
| Founded | 1987 |
| Final issue | 31 December 2022 |
| Company | Groupe Figaro |
| Country | France |
| Language | French |
| Website | tvmag.com |
| ISSN | 1252-4794 |


title: George Ogle (translator)

abstract: George Ogle was an English author, known as a translator.

text:
# George Ogle (translator)

**George Ogle** (1704 – 20 October 1746) was an English author, known as a translator.

## Life

He was the second son of Samuel Ogle (1659–1719), a Member of Parliament for Berwick, and commissioner of the revenue for Ireland, and Ursula, his second wife. Ursula was the daughter of Sir Robert Markham, 2nd Baronet, and widow of Altham Annesley, 1st Baron Altham. His elder brother was Samuel Ogle, the colonial governor of Maryland was

He was elected to the Irish House of Commons as the member for Bannow in 1727, sitting until his death.

Ogle died on 20 October 1746.

## Works

Ogle's translations from Anacreon appeared as an appendix to James Sterling's *Loves of Hero and Leander* (1728), from the Greek of Musæus. The volume was dedicated to Ogle, who went on to publish other translations:

* *Basia; or the Kisses*, 1731.
* *Epistles of Horace imitated*, 1735.
* *The Legacy Hunter. The fifth satire of the second book of Horace imitated*, 1737.
* *The Miser's Feast. The eighth satire of the second book of Horace imitated, a dialogue between the author and the poet-laureate*,’ 1737.

Other works were:

* *Antiquities explained. Being a Collection of figured Gems, illustrated by similar descriptions taken from the Classics* (1737), dedicated to the Duke of Dorset, and based on volume I of a similar collection published in Paris in 1732, *Recueil de pierres gravées antiques* by Michel Philippe Lévesque de Gravelle.
* *Gualtherus and Griselda, or the clerk of Oxford's Tale* (1739).
* Contributions to *Tales of Chaucer modernised by several hands* (1741). Ogle covered the prologues and seven of the *Canterbury Tales*. He also supplied a continuation of the squire's tale from the fourth book of Edmund Spenser's *Faerie Queene*, later issued separately as *Cambuscan, or the Squire's Tale* (1785).

## Family

Ogle married Frances, the daughter and coheiress of Sir Thomas Twysden, 4th Baronet. Their only child was George Ogle the politician.

**Attribution**

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1895). "Ogle, George (1704-1746)". *Dictionary of National Biography*. Vol. 42. London: Smith, Elder & Co.


title: Segevång

abstract: Segevång is a neighbourhood of Malmö, situated in the Borough of Kirseberg, Malmö Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden.

text:
# Segevång

**Segevång** is a neighbourhood of Malmö, situated in the Borough of Kirseberg, Malmö Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden.

## InfoBox

| Segevång | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 55°36′52″N 13°03′19″E / 55.61444°N 13.05528°E / 55.61444; 13.05528 | |
| Country | Sweden |
| Province | Skåne |
| County | Skåne County |
| Municipality | Malmö Municipality |
| Borough of Malmö | Kirseberg |
| Population (1 January 2011) | |
| Total | 4,202 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Ethiroli

abstract: Ethiroli is a 1970 Indian Tamil-language legal drama film, directed by K. Balachander. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan and K. R. Vijaya. The film was released on 27 June 1970.

text:
# Ethiroli

***Ethiroli*** (pronounced \[eðiroli\] transl.Echo) is a 1970 Indian Tamil-language legal drama film, directed by K. Balachander. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan and K. R. Vijaya. The film was released on 27 June 1970.

## Plot

The story revolves around Advocate Shankar, who gives his daughter seven principles to follow. However, in a critical case that he takes up, Shankar ends up violating each principle, leading to misery in both his case and personal life. The film concludes with his daughter gifting him the same seven principles, which he intends to follow once again.

## Cast

## Production

Edhiroli was the first and only collaboration between Balachander and Ganesan. This was Balachander's first collaboration with Sivakumar.

## Themes

*Ethiroli* revolves around the "moral decay of men".

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by K. V. Mahadevan, with lyrics by Vaali.

| Song | Singers | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| "Kalyanam Kalyanam" | A. L. Raghavan, L. R. Eswari | 04:04 |
| "Kunguma Chimizh" | T. M. Soundararajan, L. R. Eswari | 04:10 |
| "Maraththa Vachavan" | L. R. Eswari | 03:22 |
| "Rajavum Vanthituvar" | L. R. Eswari | 02:58 |
| "Unga Nalla Manasukku" | L. R. Eswari | 03:54 |

## Release and reception

*Ethiroli* was released on 27 June 1970. *The Indian Express* wrote, "this is quite a different movie. It makes a fairly successful and quite an interesting study of blackmailer and the blackmailed".

## InfoBox

| Ethiroli | |
| --- | --- |
| Poster | |
| Directed by | K. Balachander |
| Screenplay by | K. Balachander |
| Story by | K. V. R. Acharya |
| Produced by | G. N. Velumani |
| Starring | Sivaji Ganesan
K. R. Vijaya |
| Cinematography | N. Balakrishnan |
| Edited by | N. R. Kittu |
| Music by | K. V. Mahadevan |
| Production
company | Navarathna Films |
| Release date | * 27 June 1970 (1970-06-27) |
| Running time | 166 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Tamil |


title: Saturn I SA-4

abstract: Saturn-Apollo 4 (SA-4) was the fourth launch of a Saturn I launch vehicle and the last of the initial test phase of the first stage. It was part of the Apollo Program.

text:
# Saturn I SA-4

**Saturn-Apollo 4** (**SA-4**) was the fourth launch of a Saturn I launch vehicle and the last of the initial test phase of the first stage. It was part of the Apollo Program.

## Objectives

SA-4 was the last flight to test only the S-I first stage of the Saturn I rocket. As with the first three launches this would be a suborbital flight and would test the structural integrity of the rocket.

The major addition to this flight was that, in order to test the rocket's ability to deal with an engine failure during the flight, one of the engines would be programmed to shut down about 100 seconds after launch. If all went well the rocket would reroute the fuel for this engine to the other engines and have the rocket burn longer to compensate for the loss of acceleration. This was used successfully on the later Apollo 6 and Apollo 13 flights (both Saturn V rockets).

Also on this flight, the dummy second stage was outfitted with the aerodynamic design of the real second stage. This included vent ducts, fairings and dummy camera pods. The rocket also flew with antennae designed for the Block II version of the rocket.

## Flight

After the shortest checkout time of any rocket at 54 days, SA-4 went on to experience the longest series of holds of any mission at 120 minutes. The SA-4 launch would be the final single-stage flight.

The rocket operated perfectly through the first 100 seconds of the flight, when the No. 5 engine shut off as planned. The rocket then continued to operate properly, the propellant system rerouting the fuel to the other engines. The No. 5 engine did not disintegrate because of heat caused by the lack of cooling propellant as some had predicted. This was an important test proving an important feature of the clustered engine design.

The rocket reached a maximum height of 129 km and a peak velocity of 5906 km per hour. At this stage it also fired retrorockets that would be used on later missions to separate the rocket stages. On SA-4 the stages were not designed to separate but tested the retrorockets to make sure they would fire.

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

## InfoBox

Saturn I SA-4
| SA-4 on Pad 34 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Mission type | Test flight |
| Operator | NASA |
| Mission duration | 15 minutes |
| Distance travelled | 400 kilometers (250 mi) |
| Apogee | 129 kilometers (80 mi) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Launch mass | 52,480 kilograms (115,700 lb) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | March 28, 1963, 20:11:55 (1963-03-28UTC20:11:55Z) UTC |
| Rocket | Saturn I |
| Launch site | Cape Canaveral LC-34 |
|  | |
|  | |
| End of mission | |
| Decay date | March 28, 1963, 20:26:55 (1963-03-28UTC20:26:56Z) UTC |
|  | |
| Project Apollo<br>Uncrewed tests | |


title: Couratari asterophora

abstract: Couratari asterophora is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Couratari asterophora

***Couratari asterophora*** is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found only in Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Couratari asterophora* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Lecythidaceae |
| Genus: | *Couratari* |
| Species: | ***C. asterophora*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Couratari asterophora***
Rizzini | |
|


title: C215 Viaduct

abstract: C215 Viaduct is a 20,000-meter (66,000-foot) long box girder bridge completed in 2003, with a cost of around US$40 million. It is located in Taiwan and is part of the Taiwan High Speed Rail network.

text:
# C215 Viaduct

**C215 Viaduct** is a 20,000-meter (66,000-foot) long box girder bridge completed in 2003, with a cost of around US$40 million. It is located in Taiwan and is part of the Taiwan High Speed Rail network.

## InfoBox

| C215 Viaduct | |
| --- | --- |
| Carries | High speed trains |
| Locale | Taiwan |
| Official name | C215 Viaduct |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | Box girder |
| Total length | 20,000 meters (66,000 ft) |
| History | |
| Opened | 2005 |


title: Ruth Reinke Whitney

abstract: Ruth Reinke Whitney was an American magazine editor who was editor-of-chief of Glamour from 1967 to 1998. She began her career as a copywriter in the educational department of Time Inc. from 1949 to 1952. After Whitney was fired in part for supporting Adlai Stevenson II during the 1952 United States presidential election, she was made chief copy editor of homemakers magazine Better Living in 1954, and was made its editor-in-chief two years later. Between 1956 and 1967, she worked as associated editor and later executive director of Seventeen magazine. In the 31 years she was editor of Glamour magazine, Whitney oversaw an increase in readership and advertising revenue, and introduced new features and columns to it. She also put a black model on its front page in 1968, making Glamour the first American mainstream magazine to put an African American on its front cover. Whitney was president of the American Society of Magazine Editors between 1975 and 1977, and was inducted into its Editor's Hall of Fame in 1997.

text:
# Ruth Reinke Whitney

**Ruth Reinke Whitney** (July 23, 1928 – June 4, 1999) was an American magazine editor who was editor-of-chief of *Glamour* from 1967 to 1998. She began her career as a copywriter in the educational department of Time Inc. from 1949 to 1952. After Whitney was fired in part for supporting Adlai Stevenson II during the 1952 United States presidential election, she was made chief copy editor of homemakers magazine *Better Living* in 1954, and was made its editor-in-chief two years later. Between 1956 and 1967, she worked as associated editor and later executive director of *Seventeen* magazine.

In the 31 years she was editor of *Glamour* magazine, Whitney oversaw an increase in readership and advertising revenue, and introduced new features and columns to it. She also put a black model on its front page in 1968, making Glamour the first American mainstream magazine to put an African American on its front cover. Whitney was president of the American Society of Magazine Editors between 1975 and 1977, and was inducted into its Editor's Hall of Fame in 1997.

## Early life

Whitney was born on July 23, 1928, in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. She was the third and youngest child of gravestone and mausoleum designer Leonard G. Reinke, and his wife, Helen Diestler Reinke, a homemaker. Whitney grew up in a bungalow in the city, and was taught at Oshkosh High School. Her teachers were complimentary about her writing, and encouraged her to enter her work into national competitions, earning her a duo of honorable accolades for two of her editorials. She also wrote for the school newspapers *The Arrow* and *The Index*. After graduating in 1945, Whitney won a four-year full-tuition scholarship to study at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English with honours in June 1949.

## Career

After relocating from Evanston, Illinois to New York City, in 1949, she obtained her first job, working as a copywriter in the educational department at Time Inc, when the company moved their offices to New York. In 1952, Whitney was fired, in part for supporting Adlai Stevenson II during the 1952 United States presidential election whereas others at her workplace supported Dwight D. Eisenhower, making her disenchanted and less willing to work. She discovered she could find work at *Newsweek* and *Fortune* among other publications; she said later in life that this was because "she had a uterus", and sought employment on women's magazines.

Whitney took up work as chief copy editor of homemakers magazine *Better Living* in 1954. Two years later, she was named the magazine's editor-in-chief at age 27. After *Better Living* ceased publication in 1956, Whitney was appointed associate editor of *Seventeen*. She was promoted to executive director of *Seventeen* in 1962, serving in the post until 1967. In January 1967, Samuel Irving Newhouse Jr., chairman of media company Condé Nast, employed Whitney as editor-of-chief of *Glamour*. She oversaw an increase in advertising revenue from $11.7 million per year to $137.3 million, and was responsible for raising *Glamour*'s readership by almost one million (or 54 per cent) to 2.3 million. Whitney read reader's letters as well as authorizing public surveys to get opinions on topics such as contraceptives, inter-racial dating, the Vietnam War, infertility, and date rape. She also oversaw the magazine win various awards from organisations such as the National Magazine Awards.

In 1968, she successfully convinced Condé Nast to feature Newfoundland black college student Kiti Kironde II on *Glamour*'s front cover that August, making the magazine the first mainstream one in the United States to put an African American on its front cover. Whitney also put another black model on the cover, and repeated this for at least the following two years thereafter. Throughout the 1970s, she introduced multiple how-to-do guides authored by specialists to recognize the changing needs of college students and working women, and new columns on health, home economics, love, and sex. In the 1980s, Whitney oversaw the introduction of *Washington Report* to inform women about legislative issues affecting them and new congressional women. She also added the regular feature *New Tech* to help women become more acquainted with computers.

A five-year national survey on family, money, sex and work published in January 1987 was the catalyst for her to publish more columns and featured articles, such as *The New Racism: Don’t Deny, Ignore, or Accept It* addressing resurgent racism in September 1987. Whitney devoted 24 pages of the January 1990 issue to *Men and Romance,* yet the lead article was *The Sexually Confidant Woman* to retain *Glamour*'s tradition to maintain a balanced points of view. In late 1991, she introduced the *Truth in Fashion* column, taking an investigative approach to the fashion industry. In September 1997, Condé Nast president Steven Florio assured Whitney she would be allowed to retire when she was ready. But on August 17, 1998, Newhouse suggested to Whitney it was the right time for her to retire, and informed her he had employed former *Cosmopolitan* editor Bonnie Fuller to fill her former position. Her final day as *Glamour*'s editor-of-chief was October 5, 1998, and she admitted to being disappointed that Newhouse did not consult her about being replaced and publicly felt Fuller was not the best selection. Whitney serving 31 years as editor-in-chief of *Glamour* was the longest tenure for the editor of a major women's magazine in the 20th century.

Between 1975 and 1977, Whitney was president of the American Society of Magazine Editors (ASME). She continued to serve as ASME's executive committee from 1989 to 1992. Whitney was a feminist and served as member of the National Organization for Women (NOW) Legal Defense Fund, causing her to encourage features focusing on women in less traditional careers such as engineers, lawyers, and sportswriters in the 1970s. In 1980, Whitney earned the Matrix Award from Women in Communication, and in 1993, she received the Cosmetic Executive Women Achiever Award. She was a member of Northwestern University's Council of 100 Women, and was named recipient of the 1996 Henry Johnson Fisher Award from the MPA – the Association of Magazine Media. Whitney's only book, *Feminism and Love: Transforming Ourselves and Our World*, was published in 1998.

## Personal life

She married fellow Northwestern University alumni Daniel Whitney on November 19, 1949. They had one son. In February 1995, Whitney's husband predeceased her from prostate cancer. She was diagnosed with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in 1997, causing her to lose the ability to speak and swallow, and died from the condition at her home in Irvington, New York, on June 4, 1999.

## Approach and legacy

Whitney was frank, kept a low profile as editor by not running a note at the front of *Glamour*, intelligent, open-minded, and was highly private about her personal life. She said her approach was not to make feminism intimidating but accessible to American women, and was pragmatic to including fashion items in the magazine, asking fashion editors, "Where is she going in that?" before allowing clothing that was photographed to be included in the publication and kept such coverage to slightly more than 50 percent of editorial content.

In 1992, Whitney asked Newhouse to establish two scholarships in her name at the Newhouse School of Journalism at Syracuse University to mark her 25th anniversary as *Glamour*'s editor-in-chief. She was inducted into the Oshkosh High School Hall of Fame in February 1982, and was admitted into the ASME's Editor's Hall of Fame in April 1996. Whitney was posthumously named a Glamour Woman of the Year in November 1999.

## InfoBox

| Ruth Whitney | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Ruth Reinke Whitney
(1928-07-23)July 23, 1928
Oshkosh, Wisconsin, United States |
| Died | June 4, 1999(1999-06-04) (aged 70)
Irvington, New York, United States |
| Education | Oshkosh High School |
| Alma mater | Northwestern University |
| Occupation | Magazine editor |
| Years active | 1949–1998 |
| Employers |  |
| Title | Glamour editor-in-chief |
| Term | January 1967 – October 1998 |
| Predecessor | Kathleen Aston Casey |
| Successor | Bonnie Fuller |
| Spouse | Daniel Whitney  (m. 1949; died 1995) |
| Children | 1 |


title: Pilot Knob (Fresno County, California)

abstract: Pilot Knob is a 12,245-foot-elevation (3,732 meter) mountain summit located in Fresno County in the Sierra Nevada mountain range in northern California, United States. It is situated at the intersection of Piute Canyon and French Canyon, in the John Muir Wilderness, on land managed by Sierra National Forest. It is set 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south of Merriam Peak and three miles north of the Matthes Glaciers. Pilot Knob is the 360th-highest peak in California, and topographic relief is significant as the west aspect rises 2,800 feet above Hutchinson Meadow in approximately one mile. This mountain was likely named by the USGS during the 1907–09 survey for the Mt. Goddard Quadrangle, and the toponym has been officially adopted by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names.

text:
# Pilot Knob (Fresno County, California)

**Pilot Knob** is a 12,245-foot-elevation (3,732 meter) mountain summit located in Fresno County in the Sierra Nevada mountain range in northern California, United States. It is situated at the intersection of Piute Canyon and French Canyon, in the John Muir Wilderness, on land managed by Sierra National Forest. It is set 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south of Merriam Peak and three miles north of the Matthes Glaciers. Pilot Knob is the 360th-highest peak in California, and topographic relief is significant as the west aspect rises 2,800 feet (850 meters) above Hutchinson Meadow in approximately one mile. This mountain was likely named by the USGS during the 1907–09 survey for the Mt. Goddard Quadrangle, and the toponym has been officially adopted by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names.

## Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Pilot Knob is located in an alpine climate zone. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Sierra Nevada mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks (orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the range. Precipitation runoff from this mountain drains into Piute Creek which is a tributary of the South Fork San Joaquin River.

## InfoBox

| Pilot Knob | |
| --- | --- |
| Southeast aspect, from Packsaddle Lake | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 12,245 ft (3,732 m) |
| Prominence | 645 ft (197 m) |
| Parent peak | Mount Morrow (12,402 ft) |
| Isolation | 2.50 mi (4.02 km) |
| Listing | Sierra Peaks Section |
| Coordinates | 37°16′24″N 118°45′26″W / 37.2734051°N 118.7571109°W / 37.2734051; -118.7571109 |
| Geography | |
| Pilot KnobLocation in CaliforniaPilot KnobPilot Knob (the United States) | |
| Location | Fresno County, California, U.S. |
| Parent range | Sierra Nevada |
| Topo map | USGS *Mount Hilgard* |
| Geology | |
| Age of rock | Cretaceous |
| Mountain type | Fault block |
| Type of rock | Granodiorite |
| Climbing | |
| First ascent | Unknown |
| Easiest route | class 2 East slope |


title: Dan B. Shields

abstract: Dan B. Shields was an American politician who served as the Attorney General of Utah from 1917 to 1921 and as the United States Attorney for the District of Utah from 1933 to 1949. He died on January 4, 1970, in Salt Lake City, Utah at age 91.

text:
# Dan B. Shields

**Dan B. Shields** (August 9, 1878 – January 4, 1970) was an American politician who served as the Attorney General of Utah from 1917 to 1921 and as the United States Attorney for the District of Utah from 1933 to 1949.

He died on January 4, 1970, in Salt Lake City, Utah at age 91.

## InfoBox

| Dan B. Shields | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| United States Attorney for the District of Utah | |
| **In office**
June 26, 1933  1949 | |
| President | Franklin D. Roosevelt
Harry S. Truman |
| Preceded by | Charles R. Hollingswroth |
| Succeeded by | Scott Milne Matheson Sr. |
| 4th Attorney General of Utah | |
| **In office**
January 1, 1917  January 3, 1921 | |
| Governor | Simon Bamberger |
| Preceded by | A. R. Barnes |
| Succeeded by | Harvey H. Cluff |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1878-08-09)August 9, 1878
Crawford County, Kansas |
| Died | January 4, 1970(1970-01-04) (aged 91)
Salt Lake City, Utah |
| Political party | Democratic |
|  | |


title: Selection Trust

abstract: Selection Trust was a British mining finance house. It was started in 1913 by A. Chester Beatty, a mining engineer from the United States. After the end of the First World War, Beatty built up a substantial portfolio of mining interests, many of them in Africa, but others in Serbia and in Siberia. Initially the company began operations by sharing an office at Number One London Wall in the City of London with the consulting firm of Herbert Hoover, a fellow American mining engineer. The company was chiefly known for its investments in mining for base metals, diamonds and oil. The countries in which it operated included the US, Canada, Mexico, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Chile, Brazil, Peru, Burma, Australia, South Africa, Angola, Tanzania, Northern Rhodesia, Sierra Leone, Gold Coast, French Guinea, Botswana, Hungary, Russia, Yugoslavia and the USSR. It was pioneer in the early days of the North Sea oil and gasfields.

text:
# Selection Trust

**Selection Trust** was a British mining finance house. It was started in 1913 by A. Chester Beatty, a mining engineer from the United States. After the end of the First World War, Beatty built up a substantial portfolio of mining interests, many of them in Africa, but others in Serbia and in Siberia. Initially the company began operations by sharing an office at Number One London Wall in the City of London with the consulting firm of Herbert Hoover, a fellow American mining engineer.

The company was chiefly known for its investments in mining for base metals, diamonds and oil. The countries in which it operated included the US, Canada, Mexico, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Chile, Brazil, Peru, Burma, Australia, South Africa, Angola, Tanzania, Northern Rhodesia, Sierra Leone, Gold Coast, French Guinea, Botswana, Hungary, Russia, Yugoslavia and the USSR. It was pioneer in the early days of the North Sea oil and gasfields.

## Structure

Mining finance houses were principally holding companies that create subsidiaries in which they either partly or wholly owned the capital of the mining companies in the group, but mostly maintained control. Many of these subsidiaries were listed on the same as the master company or on other stock exchanges. In the case of Selection Trust, many of these entities were clearly group companies due to their naming. Examples of this were Consolidated African Selection Trust, Rhodesian Selection Trust, Gold Coast Selection Trust and Sierra Leone Selection Trust.

## Rhodesian Selection Trust

One of the key early building blocks of the mining finance house was its interests in the copper belt of Central Africa. The Rhodesian Selection Trust Limited (RST) was a copper mining corporation which operated in the Copperbelt region of Northern Rhodesia. In 1926, RST took over the Roan Antelope and Rietbok claims from the Bwana Mkubwa Company and the Rhodesia Copper and General Exploration and Finance Company, with the RST dominating the company shareholdings. Rhodesian Selection Trust was formed in 1928. The company was renamed Roan Selection Trust in 1964 after the break-up of the Central African Federation and the independence of Northern Rhodesia as the new state of Zambia.

## Other Ventures

### in the USSR

One of the company's least successful ventures was a partnership with Calouste Gulbenkian in which the new Leninist regime of the Soviet Union awarded the Lena Goldfields and the Tetiuhe Mining Company to the partners. Faction fighting with the USSR ultimately made operations impossible.

### in Serbia

A more successful between-the-wars venture was the development of the Trepča Mines in Kosovo while in Yugoslavia. In 1925 an exploration program was launched to assess the potential of the Lead-Zinc deposit at the location. The 50-year concession was obtained in 1926 by Selection Trust from Rade Pašić, son of Nikola Pašić, Yugoslav prime minister until the same year. On 9 September 1927 Selection Trust launched its Trepča Mines Limited subsidiary in London. Mining operations began in 1930 with pilot production of sulphide Lead and Zinc mineralisations. The mine was appropriated by the Germans upon their invasion of Yugoslavia and Trepča at one point was supplying 40% of all the Lead required for the German war effort.

### in Australia

With decolonialisation in Africa advancing rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s, the company increased its presence in Australia. One of its major successes was its involvement in the early phases of the country's iron ore expansion through the Mt Newman discovery. The company became even more prominent from the late 1960s for its involvement in the Nickel Boom. Rising world nickel prices and a prolonged strike at an Inco's Creighton Mine nickel mine at Sudbury, Ontario meant that the discoveries were rapidly developed, bringing about a frenzied market in nickel explorers and developers between 1967 and 1971. The boom was triggered by the discovery of significant nickel resources in Kambalda, Western Australia in 1966, Mount Windarra in 1969 and Agnew (by Selection Trust and its satellite, Consolidated African Selection Trust) in 1971. It was noticeable that Agnew was initially largely in the hands of London investors and that the sole Australian connection was an indirect 2.4% stake in the project held by Selcast Exploration, a locally listed satellite of Selection Trust. This imbalance was partly remedied by Mount Isa Mines buying into the control group of the project.

## Succession & Acquisition by BP

In 1950, Chester Beatty handed control of Selection Trust over to his son, also named Alfred Chester Beatty, who ran it until 1968. It was acquired by BP in August 1980, and named successively, BP Minerals International Ltd and BP Minerals Development Ltd. The acquisition by BP was the largest takeover in the history of the London Stock Exchange at the time. Most of BP's minerals assets were sold to the British mining company Rio Tinto Zinc for £2.38 billion in 1989.


title: Rampal Chahar

abstract: Rampal Chahar is an Indian Paralympic athlete from Haryana, who competes in the men’s high jump. He represented India at the 2016 Rio Paralympics and 2020 Tokyo paralympics where he stood 6th and 5th respectively. He qualified to represent India at the 2024 Summer Paralympics at Paris, his third Olympics.

text:
# Rampal Chahar

**Rampal Chahar** (born 10 July 1989) is an Indian Paralympic athlete from Haryana, who competes in the men’s high jump. He represented India at the 2016 Rio Paralympics and 2020 Tokyo paralympics where he stood 6th and 5th respectively. He qualified to represent India at the 2024 Summer Paralympics at Paris, his third Olympics.

## Early life

Rampal Chahar was born in Jajjhar, Haryana. When he was 4 years old, his arm got caught in an agricultural chopper and it resulted in partial amputation of the right arm. He currently holds the gold medal in high jump in 2016 IPC Grand Prix that took place in Tunisia.

## Career

Chahar is a national record holder in T47 para high jump event. He won gold at IPC Athletics Grand Prix in Tunisia 2016 and has won 5 national-level gold medals.

Chahar finished 6th in his event at the 2016 Rio Paralympics. Rampal Chahar finished 6th in his event at 2017 London World Para Championships. Rampal Chahar clinched Silver medal in High Jump T-47 Category at Asian Para Games at Jakarta,Indonesia.

He represented india at the 2018 Asian Para Games where he won silver.

## InfoBox

Rampal Chahar
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nickname | Ram Pal |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Born | (1989-07-10) 10 July 1989<br>Haryana, India |
| Sport | |
| Country | India |
| Sport | Para Athletics |
| Disability | Amputation |
| Disability class | A2 |
| Event | High Jump T47 |
| Medal record      Track and Field (Para High Jump)  Representing  India  Asian games  2018 Asian Para Games T47 | |


title: Saturn I SA-5

abstract: Saturn-Apollo 5 (SA-5) was the first launch of the Block II Saturn I rocket and was part of the Apollo program. In 1963, President Kennedy identified this launch as the one which would place US lift capability ahead of the Soviets, after being behind for more than six years since Sputnik.

text:
# Saturn I SA-5

**Saturn-Apollo 5** (**SA-5**) was the first launch of the Block II Saturn I rocket and was part of the Apollo program. In 1963, President Kennedy identified this launch as the one which would place US lift capability ahead of the Soviets, after being behind for more than six years since Sputnik.

## Upgrades and objectives

The major changes that occurred on SA-5 were that for the first time the Saturn I would fly with two stages - the S-I first stage and the S-IV second stage. The second stage featured six engines burning liquid hydrogen. Although this engine design (RL10) was meant to be tested several years earlier in the Centaur upper stage, in the end the first Centaur was launched only two months before SA-5. This rocket stage was delivered to the Cape by a modified B-377 aircraft, the *Aero Spacelines Pregnant Guppy*.

Other major design change included the enlargement of the fuel tanks on the first stage. For the first time the rocket would carry its planned 750,000 lb (340,000 kg) of propellant and would use eight upgraded engines producing a thrust each of 188,000 lbf (836 kN). The first stage also featured for the first time eight fins for added stability during flight. As with the earlier flight the rocket would still carry only a Jupiter nosecone instead of a boilerplate Apollo spacecraft.

Also the guidance and control computer on the rocket was positioned above the second stage. This was where it would be located on Saturn V flights. The Instrument Unit controlled the ascent of the rocket through the atmosphere, automatically compensating for any winds or loss of thrust during the ascent.

For the first time in the Apollo program, this flight would be an orbital mission. This was possible because of the upgraded first stage and the addition of the second stage. It would enter into an elliptical orbit and re-enter later as its orbit decayed.

President Kennedy referred specifically to this launch in a speech at Brooks AFB in San Antonio, Texas, on November 21, 1963, the day before he was assassinated. He said:

And in December, while I do not regard our mastery of space as anywhere near complete, while I recognize that there are still areas where we are behind  at least in one area, the size of the booster  this year I hope the United States will be ahead.

## Flight

The first scheduled launch attempt was for 27 January 1964, with all going well until 93% of the liquid oxygen (LOX) had been loaded into the first stage. At this time, the ground crews switched it from a fast fill to a replenish system. However, the LOX in the tanks began to fall, i.e., it was not being replenished. The cause was found to be a blind flange (a plate without an opening) in the line. This could not be removed easily and the launch had to be postponed for two days.

The second launch attempt had no such problems and lifted off into overcast skies at January 29, 1964, 11:25 EST. The rocket sent back 1,183 measurements to the ground during the flight while at the same time it was tracked by six telescopes. For the first 1000 meters the rocket was filmed by 13 cameras that looked for any pitch, yaw, and roll movements.

The separation of the two rocket stages was filmed by eight cameras that themselves separated from the rocket to be recovered 800 kilometers (430 nmi) downrange in the Atlantic Ocean. The whole stage separation system worked perfectly with the retrorockets firing on the first stage to decelerate it and ullage rockets on the S-IV firing to settle its fuel to aft of the stage.

After an eight-minute burn, the second stage entered into a 262-by-785-kilometer (141 by 424 nmi) orbit. At 16,965 kg (37,401 lb) it was the largest satellite ever to go into orbit at that time. However, the achievement of Earth orbit was not an objective of the mission but merely a bonus. It did show to the American public that the United States could build launch vehicles as large as those of the Soviet Union.

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

## InfoBox

Saturn I SA-5
| Wernher von Braun and John F. Kennedy with a model of the SA-5 vehicle on November 16, 1963, 2 months prior to launch | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Mission type | Test flight |
| Operator | NASA |
| COSPAR ID | 1964-005A |
| SATCAT no. | 744 |
| Mission duration | 791 days |
| Distance travelled | 519,463,719 kilometers (280,487,969 nmi) |
| Orbits completed | ~12,000 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft type | Jupiter nosecone and ballast |
| Launch mass | 17,600 kilograms (38,700 lb) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | January 29, 1964, 16:25:01 (1964-01-29UTC16:25:01Z) UTC |
| Rocket | Saturn I SA-5 |
| Launch site | Cape Kennedy LC-37B |
|  | |
|  | |
| End of mission | |
| Decay date | April 30, 1966 (1966-05-01) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric |
| Regime | Low Earth |
| Perigee altitude | 258 kilometers (139 nmi) |
| Apogee altitude | 741 kilometers (400 nmi) |
| Inclination | 31.4 degrees |
| Period | 94.61 minutes |
| Epoch | 3 March 1964 |
|  | |
| Project Apollo<br>Uncrewed tests | |


title: Type 74 105 mm self-propelled howitzer

abstract: The Type 74 105 mm self-propelled howitzer is only used by Japan. It shares a number of automotive components with the Type 73 armored personnel carrier which was developed during the same time. Komatsu developed the chassis, while the howitzer and turret were designed by Japan Steel Works. The first prototypes were completed in 1969–1970. The howitzer was accepted for service in 1974. It carries 30 rounds on board. It is amphibious when using the erectable flotation screen stowed around the periphery of the upper hull. It is equipped with an NBC filtration system. Type 74 was attached to 117th Artillery Battalion in Hokkaido. In 1999, all Type 74s were retired and the battalion was disbanded.

text:
# Type 74 105 mm self-propelled howitzer

The **Type 74 105 mm self-propelled howitzer** is only used by Japan. It shares a number of automotive components with the Type 73 armored personnel carrier which was developed during the same time. Komatsu developed the chassis, while the howitzer and turret were designed by Japan Steel Works. The first prototypes were completed in 1969–1970. The howitzer was accepted for service in 1974.

It carries 30 rounds on board. It is amphibious when using the erectable flotation screen stowed around the periphery of the upper hull. It is equipped with an NBC filtration system.

Type 74 was attached to 117th Artillery Battalion in Hokkaido. In 1999, all Type 74s were retired and the battalion was disbanded.

* Chant, Christopher. *A Compendium of Armaments and Military Hardware*. New York and London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1987 ISBN 0-7102-0720-4, p. 76

## InfoBox

| Type 74 105 mm self-propelled howitzer | |
| --- | --- |
| Type 74 displayed at the JGSDF Public Information Museum | |
| Type | Self-propelled howitzer |
| Place of origin | Japan |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1975–1999 |
| Used by | Japan |
| Production history | |
| Designed | 1969-1974 |
| Produced | 1975-1978 |
| No. built | 20 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 16,500 kilograms (16.2 long tons; 18.2 short tons) |
| Length | 5.8 metres (20 ft) |
| Width | 2.9 metres (9 ft 6 in) |
| Height | 2.39 metres (7 ft 10 in) |
| Crew | 4 |
| --- | |
| Shell | separate-loading |
| Caliber | 105 millimetres (4.1 in) |
| Traverse | 360° |
| Muzzle velocity | 645 m/s (2,120 ft/s) |
| Maximum firing range | 14.5 kilometres (9 mi) |
| --- | |
| Armor | aluminum |
| Main
armament | 1x 105 mm JSW howitzer |
| Secondary
armament | 1x 12.7 mm M-2HB machine gun |
| Engine | Mitsubishi 4ZF V-type 4-cylinder diesel
300 brake horsepower (220 kW) |
| Power/weight | 18.4 hp/t (13.7 kW/t) |
| Transmission | manual |
| Suspension | torsion bar |
| Ground clearance | 40 centimetres (16 in) |
| Fuel capacity | 410 litres (110 US gal) |
| Operational
range | 300 km (185 mi) |
| Maximum speed | 50 kilometres per hour (31 mph) |


title: Couratari guianensis

abstract: Couratari guianensis, the fine-leaf wadara, cachimbo caspi, cachimbo, capa de tabaco, coco cabuyo, or tauari, is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Couratari guianensis

***Couratari guianensis***, the **fine-leaf wadara**, **cachimbo caspi**, **cachimbo**, **capa de tabaco**, **coco cabuyo**, or **tauari**, is a species of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Couratari guianensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Lecythidaceae |
| Genus: | *Couratari* |
| Species: | ***C. guianensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Couratari guianensis***
Aubl. | |
|


title: Russian frigate Admiral Golovko

abstract: Admiral Golovko is an Admiral Gorshkov-class frigate of the Russian Navy. She is the first ship in the class to be equipped with domestic powerplant, rather than imported from Ukraine.

text:
# Russian frigate Admiral Golovko

***Admiral Golovko*** is an *Admiral Gorshkov*-class frigate of the Russian Navy. She is the first ship in the class to be equipped with domestic powerplant, rather than imported from Ukraine.

## Design

The *Admiral Gorshkov* class is the successor to the *Neustrashimy* and Krivak-class frigates. Unlike their Soviet-era predecessors, the new ships are designed for multiple roles. They are to be capable to execute long-range strikes, conduct anti-submarine warfare and to carry out escort missions.

## Construction and career

*Admiral Golovko* was laid down on 1 February 2012, and launched on 22 May 2020 by Severnaya Verf in Saint Petersburg.

It was reported that *Admiral Golovko* would be the first Russian surface ship to be armed with Tsirkon hypersonic missiles, but the Russian frigate Admiral Gorshkov and first of the class was the first ship armed with Tsirkon hypersonic missiles.

On 26 November 2022, *Admiral Golovko* went to the sea for the first time and started factory sea trials.

On 23 November 2023, *Admiral Golovko* successfully completed its sea trials in the Barents Sea.

On 25 December 2023, *Admiral Golovko* was commissioned into the Russian Navy, with the Russian President Vladimir Putin being present. She arrived to her homeport of Severomorsk on January 11, 2024.

## InfoBox

| *Admiral Golovko* during sea trials, 2023 | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Russia | |
| Name | * *Admiral Golovko* * (Адмирал Головко) |
| Namesake | Arseny Golovko |
| Builder | Severnaya Verf, Saint Petersburg |
| Laid down | 1 February 2012 |
| Launched | 22 May 2020 |
| Commissioned | 25 December 2023 |
| Status | Active |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Admiral Gorshkov*-class frigate |
| Displacement | * Standard: 4,500 tons * Full: 5,400 tons |
| Length | 135 m (443 ft) |
| Beam | 16 m (52 ft) |
| Draught | 4.5 m (15 ft) |
| Propulsion |  |
| Speed | 29.5 knots (54.6 km/h; 33.9 mph) |
| Range | 4,850 nmi (8,980 km; 5,580 mi) at 14 kn (26 km/h; 16 mph) |
| Endurance | 30 days |
| Complement | 210 |
| Sensors and
processing systems | * Air search radar(S): Furke-4 5P-27 main radar for Detection, tracking and targeting of air and surface targets * Surface search radar: Monolit 34K1 surface search, AShM and additional artillery targeting radar * Main Artillery radar fire control system: Puma 5P-10 * Sonar: Zarya M sonar, Vinyetka towed array sonar * Navigation: 3 × Pal-N radars * Other: 2 × target illuminators aft superstructure for Palash CIWS * Communications: Vigstar Centaurus-NM * Electro-Optical Systems: 2 × MTK-201M and 2 × 5P-520 * Combat system: Sigma/Sigma 22350 |
| Electronic warfare
& decoys | * EW Suite: Prosvet-M * Countermeasures: * 2 × PU KT-308 * 8 × PU KT-216 * 2 × 5P-42 Filin |
| Armament | * 1 × 130 mm Amethyst/Arsenal A-192M naval gun * 16 (2 × 8) UKSK VLS cells for Kalibr, Oniks or Zircon anti-ship cruise missiles * 32 (2 × 16) Redut VLS cells for 9M96, 9M96M, 9M96D/9M96DM(M2) and/or quad-packed 9M100 surface-to-air missiles * 2 × Palash CIWS * 2 × 4 330 mm torpedo tubes for Paket-NK anti-torpedo/anti-submarine torpedoes * 2 × 14.5 mm MTPU pedestal machine guns |
| Aircraft carried | 1 × Ka-27 series helicopter |
| Aviation facilities | Helipad and hangar for one helicopter |


title: Pierre Flotte

abstract: Pierre Flotte or Pierre Flote was a French legalist, Chancellor of France and Keeper of the Seals of Philip IV the Fair. He was taught Roman law at the University of Montpellier, and was considered one of the best lawyers and legalists of his time. He led negotiations with the Roman Curia, England and Germany. He was an adversary of Pope Boniface VIII, defending the authoritarianism of the French king against the Roman Church, and the first civilian to be appointed as Chancellor, as before, only ecclesiastics were granted this honor. He died in the Battle of the Golden Spurs which took place near Kortrijk on 11 July 1302, when the local Flemish population mounted a successful uprising against France.

text:
# Pierre Flotte

**Pierre Flotte** or **Pierre Flote** (Languedoc, second half of the 13th century  Kortrijk, 11 July 1302) was a French legalist, Chancellor of France and Keeper of the Seals of Philip IV the Fair. He was taught Roman law at the University of Montpellier, and was considered one of the best lawyers and legalists of his time. He led negotiations with the Roman Curia, England and Germany.

He was an adversary of Pope Boniface VIII, defending the authoritarianism of the French king against the Roman Church, and the first civilian to be appointed as Chancellor, as before, only ecclesiastics were granted this honor.

He died in the Battle of the Golden Spurs which took place near Kortrijk on 11 July 1302, when the local Flemish population mounted a successful uprising against France.


title: Taekwondo at the 2009 SEA Games

text:
# Taekwondo at the 2009 SEA Games

Taekwondo at the 2009 SEA Games were held in the Booyong Gymnasium National University Center, Vientiane, Laos

## Medal summary

*   Host nation (Laos)

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Thailand (THA) | 6 | 3 | 4 | 13 |
| 2 | Vietnam (VIE) | 5 | 4 | 2 | 11 |
| 3 | Philippines (PHI) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 12 |
| 4 | Laos (LAO)* | 3 | 3 | 4 | 10 |
| 5 | Indonesia (INA) | 1 | 3 | 6 | 10 |
| 6 | Myanmar (MYA) | 1 | 1 | 5 | 7 |
| 7 | Malaysia (MAS) | 1 | 0 | 6 | 7 |
| 8 | Cambodia (CAM) | 0 | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| 9 | Singapore (SIN) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 10 | East Timor (TLS) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (10 entries) | | 21 | 21 | 38 | 80 |

## Men

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 54 kg. | Jerranat Nakaviroj
Thailand | Lizardo John Paul
Philippines | Harith Feizal
Malaysia |
| | | | Tan Junwei Jason
Singapore |
| 58 kg. | Phouthavong Outhasak
Laos | Chhoy Bouthorn
Cambodia | Pen Ek Karaket
Thailand |
| | | | Leonel Alves Almelda
East Timor |
| 60 kg. | Mery Wanda
Indonesia | Nacha Phunthong
Thailand | Figueroa Jeffrey
Singapore |
| | | | Kaung Zaw Tun
Myanmar |
| 68 kg. | Go Tshomlee
Philippines | Le Huynh Chau
Vietnam | Mohd Afifuddin Bin Omar
Malaysia |
| | | | Xaysana Vanhnavong
Laos |
| 74 kg. | Patiwat Thongsalap
Thailand | Sawatvilay Phimmasone
Laos | Yulius Fernando
Indonesia |
| | | | Wanna Ko Ko
Myanmar |
| Men's 80 kg. | Luong Minh Dat | Avenido Marlon | Dam Srichan   ---  Zar Ni Htun |
| Men's 87 kg. | Nguyen Trong Cuong | So Naro | Rizal Samsir |
| Men's Over 87 kg. | Alexander Briones | Seon Elit | Dinh Quang Toan |

## Women

| Category | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Women's 46 kg. | Buttree Puedpong | Fransisca Valentina | Phouthasone Kanthonglat   ---  Thiri Tint Lwin |
| Women's 49 kg. | Worawong Pongpanit | Van Thi Kim Thu | Lizardo Jyra   ---  Elaine Toe Shuen Fhern |
| Women's 53 kg. | Sarita Phongsri | Alora Kathleen Eunice | Nurul Nadia Mahamat |
| Women's 57 kg. | Nguyen Thi Hoai Thu | Nurul Fadlilah | Phonevilay Xaykaexeng   ---  Chieung Puthearim |
| Women's 62 kg. | Tikdaphone Chamnyard | Rahadewineta | Cheang Bunna   ---  Chonnapas Premwaew |
| Women's 67 kg. | Rivero Mary Antoinette | Nguyen Thi Duong | Valy Mathmanisone |
| Women's 73 kg. | Che Chew Chan | Ha Thi Nguyen | Quek Jie Lin Jaqueline   ---  Sorn Davin |
| Women's Over 73 kg. | Rapatkorn Prasopsuk | Alora Kirstie Elaine | Catur Yuni Riyaningsihi   ---  Lee Wan Yuen |
|

## Poomsae

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Individual Men | Soukthavy Panyasith
Laos | San Shein Thet | Daniel Danny   ---  Cheat Khemara |
| Individual Women | Ya Min KKhine
Myanmar | Kidavone
Laos | Lee Jeng Yen
Malaysia |
| | | | Lessitra
Indonesia |
| Mixed Pair | Nguyen Dunh Toan
Nguyen Minh Tu | Hassamard Rujirarotchanakorn
Naravich Rujirarotchanakorn | Jean Sabido
Rani Ann Ortega   ---  Chaw Kalayar Win
Thaw Zin Han |
| Team Men | Le Trung Anh
Nguyen Dinh Toan
Vu Thanh Duong | Soukthavy Panyasith
Bounheng Panyasit
Soukthavone Manirard | Anthony Ray Castillo Matias
Brian Alan Lozano Sabido
Jean Pierre Lozano Sabido   ---  Attarnont Wongkittimapron
Noppol Pitukwongdeengam
Suttisri Maneerattanasopit |
| Team Women | Philippines (PHI)
Janice Lagman
Camille Alarilla
Rani Ann Ortega | Thailand (THA)
Panida
Pichchapha
Salisa Amnuaychai | Vietnam (VIE)
Chau Tuyet Van
Duong Huynh Mai
Nguyen Thi Thu Ngan |
| | | | Indonesia (INA)
Domas Ayu Kirana
Laras Fitriana
Lessitra |

### Individual Men

| Rank | Name | NOC | Point Poomsae 1 | Point Poomsae 2 | Total Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Soukthavy Panyasith |  | 8.30 | 8.33 | 16.63 |
|  | San Shein Thet |  | 8.04 | 8.06 | 16.10 |
|  | Daniel Danny |  | 8.00 | 8.07 | 16.07 |
|  | Cheat Khemara |  | 7.80 | 8.07 | 15.87 |
| 5 | Anantha Rajan |  | 7.37 | 8.10 | 15.47 |

### Mixed Pair

| Rank | Name | NOC | Point Poomsae 1 | Point Poomsae 2 | Total Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Nguyen Dunh Toan
Nguyen Minh Tu |  | 8.60 | 8.80 | 17.40 |
|  | Hassamard Rujirarotchanakorn
Naravich Rujirarotchanakorn |  | 8.60 | 8.56 | 17.16 |
|  | Jean Sabido
Rani Ann Ortega |  | 8.36 | 8.40 | 16.76 |
|  | Chaw Kalayar Win
Thaw Zin Han |  | 8.40 | 8.23 | 16.63 |
| 5 | Ban Khemara
Ngy Sreyvin |  | 8.16 | 8.10 | 16.26 |
| 6 | Lee Pay En
Raffique Hashimi |  | 8.17 | 8.03 | 16.20 |

### Team Men

| Rank | Name | NOC | Point Poomsae 1 | Point Poomsae 2 | Total Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Le Trung Anh
Nguyen Dinh Toan
Vu Thanh Duong |  | 8.73 | 8.20 | 16.93 |
|  | Soukthavy Panyasith
Bounheng Panyasit
Soukthavone Manirard |  | 8.50 | 8.30 | 16.80 |
|  | Anthony Ray Castillo Matias
Brian Alan Lozano Sabido
Jean Pierre Lozano Sabido |  | 8.44 | 8.30 | 16.74 |
|  | Attarnont Wongkittimapron
Noppol Pitukwongdeengam
Suttisri Maneerattanasopit |  | 8.34 | 8.36 | 16.70 |

## InfoBox

| Taekwondo
at the 2009 SEA Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
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