title: Shastri Park metro station

abstract: Shastri Park is an at-grade metro station and is the depot station on the Red Line of the Delhi Metro. This is the station which holds all the metro trainsets running under Red Line of Delhi Metro.

text:
# Shastri Park metro station

**Shastri Park** is an at-grade metro station and is the depot station on the Red Line of the Delhi Metro. This is the station which holds all the metro trainsets running under Red Line of Delhi Metro.

## Station layout

| **L2** | Side platform | Doors will open on the left | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | **Platform 2**
**Eastbound** | Towards → Shaheed Sthal
**Next Station:** Seelampur |
| | **Platform 1**
**Westbound** | Towards ← Rithala
**Next Station:** Kashmere Gate ***Change at the next station for Yellow Line or Violet Line*** |
| | Side platform | Doors will open on the left | |
| **L1** | Concourse | Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover |
| **G** | Street Level | Exit/Entrance |

## InfoBox

|
Shastri Park | |
| --- | --- |
| Delhi Metro station | |
| Shastri Park metro station | |
| General information | |
| Coordinates | 28°40′5.5″N 77°15′0.4″E / 28.668194°N 77.250111°E / 28.668194; 77.250111 |
| Line(s) | Red Line |
| Platforms | Side platform
Platform-1 → Rithala
Platform-2 → Shaheed Sthal |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | At Grade |
| Parking | Available |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Station code | SHPK |
| History | |
| Opened | 25 December 2002 |
| Electrified | 25 kV 50 Hz AC through overhead catenary |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Delhi Metro Following station  Kashmere Gatetowards Rithala  Red Line  Seelampurtowards Shaheed Sthal | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: Ship graveyard

abstract:
A ship graveyard, ship cemetery or breaking yard is a location where the hulls of scrapped ships are left to decay and disintegrate, or left in reserve. Such a practice is now less common due to waste regulations and so some dry docks where ships are broken are also known as ship graveyards. By analogy, the phrase can also refer to an area with many shipwrecks which have not been removed by human agency, instead being left to disintegrate naturally. These can form in places where navigation is difficult or dangerous; or where many ships have been deliberately scuttled together; or where many ships have been sunk in battle. The majority of the ships in the world are constructed in the developed countries. Ships last about 25–30 years, after which they become too expensive to maintain and are sold to be broken down. Most of them are directly sold to the ship recycling companies in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and other developing countries, also known as the (semi-)periphery countries from Immanuel Wallerstein's World System Theory. In 2014, 54 percent of the ships went to the beaches of India and Bangladesh.
This is consistent with the period 2012–2018. From the total of 6,702 scrapped ships worldwide, 3,586 ships have been scrapped in India and Bangladesh, which comes down to 53.5 percent. As of January 2020, with 30% share India has the highest global revenue and highest share of global ship breaking. It is estimated that ship breaking yards provide more than 100,000 jobs to people worldwide and that they yield millions of tons of steel every year with a minimal consumption of electricity. Besides steel, this industry also yields a huge amount of solid wastes in the form of scrapped wood, plastic, insulation material, glass wool, sponge, waste paper, oiled rope and cotton waste.

text:
# Ship graveyard

A **ship graveyard**, **ship cemetery** or **breaking yard** is a location where the hulls of scrapped ships are left to decay and disintegrate, or left in reserve. Such a practice is now less common due to waste regulations and so some dry docks where ships are broken (to recycle their metal and remove dangerous materials like asbestos) are also known as ship graveyards.

By analogy, the phrase can also refer to an area with many shipwrecks which have not been removed by human agency, instead being left to disintegrate naturally. These can form in places where navigation is difficult or dangerous (such as the Seven Stones, off Cornwall, or Blackpool, on the Irish Sea); or where many ships have been deliberately scuttled together (as with the German High Seas Fleet at Scapa Flow); or where many ships have been sunk in battle (such as Ironbottom Sound, in the Pacific).

The majority of the ships in the world are constructed in the developed countries. Ships last about 25–30 years, after which they become too expensive to maintain and are sold to be broken down. Most of them are directly sold to the ship recycling companies in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and other developing countries, also known as the (semi-)periphery countries from Immanuel Wallerstein's World System Theory. In 2014, 54 percent of the ships went to the beaches of India and Bangladesh. This is consistent with the period 2012–2018. From the total of 6,702 scrapped ships worldwide, 3,586 ships have been scrapped in India and Bangladesh, which comes down to 53.5 percent.

As of January 2020, with 30% share India has the highest global revenue and highest share of global ship breaking (number and volume of ships broken).

It is estimated that ship breaking yards provide more than 100,000 jobs to people worldwide and that they yield millions of tons of steel every year with a minimal consumption of electricity. Besides steel, this industry also yields a huge amount of solid wastes in the form of scrapped wood, plastic, insulation material, glass wool, sponge, waste paper, oiled rope and cotton waste.

## List of ship graveyards

### Africa

### Asia

### Europe

#### France

#### Sweden

#### United Kingdom

### North America

#### United States

### Oceania

#### Australia

New South Wales:

Northern Territory:

Queensland:

South Australia: As of November 2020 there are 19 ships' graveyards in South Australia.

Others

Tasmania:

* Little Betsey Island Ships' Graveyard (Hobart)
* East Risdon Ships' Graveyard (Hobart)
* Strahan Ships' Graveyard (Strahan)
* Tamar Island Ships' Graveyard (Launceston)

Victoria:

Western Australia:


title: EuroBasket Women 2021 Group A

abstract: Group A of the EuroBasket Women 2021 took place between 17 and 20 June 2021. The group consisted of Belarus, Slovakia, Spain and Sweden and played its games at the Pavelló Municipal Font de Sant Lluís in Valencia, Spain.

text:
# EuroBasket Women 2021 Group A

**Group A** of the EuroBasket Women 2021 took place between 17 and 20 June 2021. The group consisted of Belarus, Slovakia, Spain and Sweden and played its games at the Pavelló Municipal Font de Sant Lluís in Valencia, Spain.

## Teams

| Country | Qualified as | Date of qualification | Last appearance | Best placement in tournament | WR |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Spain | Host nation | 15 July 2019 | 2019 | **Champions** (1993, 2013, 2017, 2019) | 3rd |
| Sweden | 11 December 2020 | Group B winner | | Fifth place (2019) | 20th |
| Belarus | 6 February 2021 | Group F winner | | Third place (2007) | 11th |
| Slovakia | | Group H winner | 2017 | Runners-up (1997) | 24th |

## Standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Belarus | 3 | 2 | 1 | 185 | 163 | +22 | 5 | Quarterfinals |
| 2 | Spain (H) | 3 | 2 | 1 | 220 | 169 | +51 | 5 | Qualification for quarterfinals |
| 3 | Sweden | 3 | 1 | 2 | 183 | 211 | 28 | | 4 |
| 4 | Slovakia | 3 | 1 | 2 | 176 | 221 | 45 | 4 |  |

Source: FIBA
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Head-to-head results; 3) Points difference; 4) Points scored.
(H) Hosts
Notes:

## Matches

*All times are local (UTC+2).*

### Sweden vs Slovakia

| **Sweden** | **74**57 | Slovakia |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** **20**−11, 13−13, **25**−6, 16−**27** | | |
| **Pts:** F. Eldebrink 17
**Rebs:** Loyd 6
**Asts:** E. Eldebrink, F. Eldebrink 7 |  | **Pts:** Jakubcová 17
**Rebs:** Jakubcová 8
**Asts:** Dudášová 6 |

### Belarus vs Spain

| **Belarus** | **53**51 | Spain |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** **14**–9, 7–**13**, **14**–11, 18–18 | | |
| **Pts:** Papova 19
**Rebs:** Papova 13
**Asts:** Bentley 4 |  | **Pts:** Ndour 15
**Rebs:** Gil 10
**Asts:** Domínguez, Rodríguez 3 |

### Slovakia vs Belarus

| **Slovakia** | **58**54 | Belarus |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** 13–**14**, **15**–12, 11–11, **19**–17 | | |
| **Pts:** Jakubcová 16
**Rebs:** Oroszová 7
**Asts:** Dudášová 9 |  | **Pts:** Bentley 17
**Rebs:** Verameyenka 11
**Asts:** Bentley 4 |

### Spain vs Sweden

| **Spain** | **76**55 | Sweden |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** **21**–9, **26**–8, 11–**18**, 18–**20** | | |
| **Pts:** Ndour 22
**Rebs:** Ndour 13
**Asts:** Palau 7 |  | **Pts:** Nyström 11
**Rebs:** Loyd 4
**Asts:** E. Eldebrink 5 |

### Sweden vs Belarus

| Sweden | 54**78** | **Belarus** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** 18–**25**, 11–**15**, 13–**17**, 12–**21** | | |
| **Pts:** F. Eldebrink 13
**Rebs:** F. Eldebrink, Nyström 6
**Asts:** E. Eldebrink 4 |  | **Pts:** Bentley 20
**Rebs:** Papova 12
**Asts:** Bentley 5 |

### Spain vs Slovakia

| **Spain** | **93**61 | Slovakia |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** **21**–13, 18–**19**, **25**–13, **29**–16 | | |
| **Pts:** Ouviña 17
**Rebs:** Gil 5
**Asts:** Domínguez 5 |  | **Pts:** Páleníková 15
**Rebs:** Remenárová 6
**Asts:** Dudášová, Oroszová 4 |

1. "Draw complete for FIBA Women's EuroBasket 2021". FIBA. 8 March 2021.


title: The Inca of Perusalem

abstract: The Inca of Perusalem, An Almost Historical Comedietta (1915) is a comic one-act play written during World War I by George Bernard Shaw. The plot appears at first to be a fairy-tale like story about a fantastical "Inca", but it eventually becomes obvious that the Inca is Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany.

text:
# The Inca of Perusalem

***The Inca of Perusalem, An Almost Historical Comedietta*** (1915) is a comic one-act play written during World War I by George Bernard Shaw. The plot appears at first to be a fairy-tale like story about a fantastical "Inca", but it eventually becomes obvious that the Inca is Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany.

## Characters

* Archdeacon
* Ermyntrude
* Princess
* Inca
* Manager
* Waiter

## Plot

In a prologue, a character called Ermyntrude says that (though she is the widow of a millionaire) she is now poor, and living on a small income from her father. He is the Archdeacon; he has told her to take a job as a lady's maid, meet another millionaire, and marry back into money.

In a hotel sitting room the Princess is met by the hotel manager. Ermyntrude, now dressed very plainly gets the job as her lady's maid. Captain Duval, a messenger from the "Inca of Perusalem" appears with news that Inca wants one of his sons to marry the Princess. Ermyntrude realises that the messenger is in fact the Inca in disguise. She offers to return the trick, by pretending to be the Princess to find out what his intentions are. The Princess, who is very timid, agrees to let Ermyntrude take charge. Ermyntrude receives the "captain" with an air of great superiority. She is given a gift of a jewel, designed by the Inca, but she is horrified by its size. The Inca is impressed by the "Princess"'s grand manner and reveals his true identity. However, he says that he recognises Ermyntrude. He knows she is the Archdeacon's daughter, not the Princess. But she is so convincing as a princess that now he wishes to marry her himself. Unfortunately he already has a wife, so he suggests they should to convert to Islam so he can legally have another one. Ermyntrude says the Inca is far too poor for her, since his country is going bankrupt because of its foolish war. The Inca says that the war will result in his overthrow and the creation of a republic, but this will not be a problem as he will be elected as "super-president" of the republic. He then says how surprised he is by the popularity of the war in his homeland. He used to rely for popularity on his contributions to art, literature and science, but he was ignored. Now the mass killing in the war leads to cheering crowds. Despite being turned down for marriage, the Inca offers to take Ermyntrude on a drive round the town. She accepts, but emphasises that she will "refuse any incorrect proposals" he makes to her.

## Production and reception

The play was first produced at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre in 1916, directed by John Drinkwater, with Gertrude Kingston as Ermyntrude and Felix Aylmer as the Inca. The play was originally presented without Shaw's name attached. The author was described as "a member of the Royal Society of Literature". The original reviewers did not apparently suspect that Shaw was the author. After its publication, Beatrice Webb wrote in her diary that it was not as good as Shaw's earlier play about the war, *O'Flaherty V.C.*: "O'Flaherty V.C. is a brilliant but serious piece of work--a jewel of a one-act play. *The Inca of Perusalem* is poor in comparison"

In the preface to the published version, written after the war, Shaw wrote, "I must remind the reader that this playlet was written when its principal character, far from being a fallen foe and virtually a prisoner in our victorious hands, was still the Caesar whose legions we were resisting with our hearts in our mouths. Many were so horribly afraid of him that they could not forgive me for not being afraid of him: I seemed to be trifling heartlessly with a deadly peril....Now that this is all over, and the upshot of the fighting has shown that we could quite well have afforded to laugh at the doomed Inca, I am in another difficulty. I may be supposed to be hitting Caesar when he is down. That is why I preface the play with this reminder that when it was written he was not down."

Critic John Anthony Bertolini says that the play "emphasizes images of disguise and impersonation" as "the sign of Shaw's self-consciousness about the art of playwrighting". All of the characters disguise their true identity. Even the waiter is really an eminent doctor, reduced to work as a waiter because his patients can no longer pay him. The Inca is both a deceiver and deceived, not only by Ermyntrude, but by his own vanity. The play satirises his narcissistic belief that he is an artist, especially in description of the jewellery he gives to Ermyntrude, in which the rim represents a "telephone cable laid by his majesty across the Shipskeel canal" and the pin is "a model in miniature of the sword of Henry the Birdcatcher." The fictional country of "Perusalem" puns on Peru, the home of the actual "Inca", and Prussia (*Preussen* in German), the kingdom from which Imperial Germany emerged and which was still commonly used as a synonym for it.

## InfoBox

| The Inca of Perusalem | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Written by | George Bernard Shaw |
| Date premiered | 7 October 1916 |
| Place premiered | Birmingham Repertory Theatre |
| Original language | English |
| Subject | An Inca meets the impoverished widow of a millionaire |
| Genre | satire |


title: David Pegg (physicist)

abstract: Professor David Pegg is an emeritus professor in theoretical physics at Griffith University, Australia. In his career, he has made numerous contributions to NMR, quantum optics and conceptual physics including the nature of time. He has published approximately 200 papers and has at least 12300 citations. He is a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science and a Corresponding Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. He is a recipient of the Harrie Massey Medal for Australian physics and of the Centenary Medal for his contribution to quantum theory. He is best known for the Pegg-Barnett phase formalism that provides a quantum mechanical description of the phase of light, for the invention of the DEPT sequence for nuclear magnetic resonance and for the invention of the quantum scissors device.

text:
# David Pegg (physicist)

Professor **David Pegg** (born 1941) is an emeritus professor in theoretical physics at Griffith University, Australia. In his career, he has made numerous contributions to NMR, quantum optics and conceptual physics including the nature of time. He has published approximately 200 papers and has at least 12300 citations. He is a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science and a Corresponding Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. He is a recipient of the Harrie Massey Medal for Australian physics and of the Centenary Medal for his contribution to quantum theory. He is best known for the Pegg-Barnett phase formalism that provides a quantum mechanical description of the phase of light, for the invention of the DEPT sequence for nuclear magnetic resonance and for the invention of the quantum scissors device.

1. Rosanne Walker. "Pegg, David Thomas (1941 - )". Retrieved 14 May 2012.
2. "Australian Institute of Physics". Archived from the original on 19 August 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2008.
3. "Professor David Thomas Pegg". *It's an Honour*. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
4. Pegg, D. T.; Barnett, S. M. (1 January 1989). "Phase properties of the quantized single-mode electromagnetic field". *Physical Review A*. **39** (4). American Physical Society (APS): 1665–1675. Bibcode:1989PhRvA..39.1665P. doi:10.1103/physreva.39.1665. ISSN 0556-2791. PMID 9901420.
5. Pegg, David T.; Doddrell, David M.; Bendall, M. Robin (15 September 1982). "Proton‐polarization transfer enhancement of a heteronuclear spin multiplet with preservation of phase coherency and relative component intensities". *The Journal of Chemical Physics*. **77** (6). AIP Publishing: 2745–2752. Bibcode:1982JChPh..77.2745P. doi:10.1063/1.444188. ISSN 0021-9606.
6. Pegg, David T.; Phillips, Lee S.; Barnett, Stephen M. (24 August 1998). "Optical State Truncation by Projection Synthesis". *Physical Review Letters*. **81** (8). American Physical Society (APS): 1604–1606. Bibcode:1998PhRvL..81.1604P. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.81.1604. ISSN 0031-9007.

## InfoBox

| David T Pegg | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Alma mater | University of Queensland |
| Known for | Contributions to the nature of time <br>Quantum Optics |
| Relatives | Stuart Pegg |
| Awards | Harrie Massey Medal (1997) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | Griffith University |
| Doctoral students | J. A. Vaccaro |
|  | |


title: Lake Clarke

abstract: Lake Clarke in Pennsylvania is a man-made lake along the Susquehanna River formed by the Safe Harbor Dam, a public works project of the 1930s Great Depression and one of the electrification projects of the New Deal. It is approximately 12 miles (19 km) long centered within the Conejohela Valley approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) downstream of historic Wright's Ferry (1630−1901). Safe Harbor Water Power Corporation provides picnic areas, boat ramps, playgrounds and other public recreation facilities at several locations on both sides of the lake. Lake Clarke is home to Long Level Marina, Safe Harbor's boat-access areas, Susquehanna Yacht Club, Lake Clarke Rescue Inc., and two private marinas that are located on the York County side of the lake. The United States Coast Guard Auxiliary Flotilla 19-5 (Division 19 patrols the area of Lake Clarke and is based out of Auxiliary Station Long Level, 1960 Long Level Road, Wrightsville, on the York County side of the lake.

text:
# Lake Clarke

**Lake Clarke** in Pennsylvania is a man-made lake along the Susquehanna River formed by the Safe Harbor Dam, a public works project of the 1930s Great Depression and one of the electrification projects of the New Deal. It is approximately 12 miles (19 km) long centered within the Conejohela Valley approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) downstream of historic Wright's Ferry (16301901).

Safe Harbor Water Power Corporation provides picnic areas, boat ramps, playgrounds and other public recreation facilities at several locations on both sides of the lake.

Lake Clarke is home to Long Level Marina, Safe Harbor's boat-access areas, Susquehanna Yacht Club, Lake Clarke Rescue Inc., and two private marinas that are located on the York County side of the lake. The United States Coast Guard Auxiliary Flotilla 19-5 (Division 19 (5th District Northern Region (NR)) patrols the area of Lake Clarke and is based out of Auxiliary Station Long Level, 1960 Long Level Road, Wrightsville, on the York County side of the lake.

## InfoBox

| Lake Clarke | |
| --- | --- |
| Lake Clarke | |
| Location | Lancaster County and York County, Pennsylvania |
| Coordinates | 39°55′25″N 76°24′14″W / 39.92361°N 76.40389°W / 39.92361; -76.40389 |
| Type | reservoir |


title: Calliandra foliolosa

abstract: Calliandra foliolosa is a species of flowering plants of the genus Calliandra in the family Fabaceae.

text:
# Calliandra foliolosa

***Calliandra foliolosa*** is a species of flowering plants of the genus *Calliandra* in the family Fabaceae.

## InfoBox

| *Calliandra foliolosa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Caesalpinioideae |
| *Clade*: | Mimosoid clade |
| Genus: | *Calliandra* |
| Species: | ***C. foliolosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Calliandra foliolosa***<br>Benth. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Calliandra diademata* Lem. * *Calliandra sancti-pauli* Hassk. * *Feuilleea foliolosa* Kuntze | |


abstract: Sir William Henry Dunn, 1st Baronet was a British Conservative Party politician and 589th Lord Mayor of London. Dunn was born in Clitheroe, in Lancashire. He was married to Ellen Pawle in 1885 and they had one son and a daughter. By profession he was an auctioneer and surveyor, a Fellow of the Surveyors' Institution. He was a well-known figure in the business and civic life of the City of London. He was an Alderman of the City of London and Sheriff in 1906–1907. He was Lord Mayor of London in 1916–1917. He was also a Liveryman of several of the City Guilds and an officer in the Territorial Force. He was elected as Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Southwark West in the general election of January 1910, taking the seat from the sitting Liberal MP Richard Causton. However he lost the seat back to the Liberals in December 1910, losing to Edward Anthony Strauss. He was knighted in 1907 and created a baronet in 1917. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his son John Henry Dunn, who was only located many years later working at a coal mine near Barnsley.

text:
# Sir William Dunn, 1st Baronet, of Clitheroe

**Sir William Henry Dunn, 1st Baronet** (8 October 1856 – 12 June 1926) was a British Conservative Party politician and 589th Lord Mayor of London.

Dunn was born in Clitheroe, in Lancashire. He was married to Ellen Pawle in 1885 and they had one son and a daughter.

By profession he was an auctioneer and surveyor, a Fellow of the Surveyors' Institution. He was a well-known figure in the business and civic life of the City of London. He was an Alderman of the City of London and Sheriff in 1906–1907. He was Lord Mayor of London in 1916–1917. He was also a Liveryman of several of the City Guilds and an officer in the Territorial Force.

He was elected as Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Southwark West in the general election of January 1910, taking the seat from the sitting Liberal MP Richard Causton. However he lost the seat back to the Liberals in December 1910, losing to Edward Anthony Strauss.

He was knighted in 1907 and created a baronet in 1917. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his son John Henry Dunn, who was only located many years later working at a coal mine near Barnsley.


title: Battle of Edgar's Lane

abstract: The Battle of Edgar's Lane was a skirmish in the American Revolutionary War on September 30, 1778 between a force of 80 Hessians and 120 Continental dragoons under Major Henry Lee. The skirmish was fought in the village of Hastings-on-Hudson, New York. The skirmish would be a morale-boosting victory for the Continental Army and Major Henry Lee. Previously the British army secured a victory during a sneak attack at the Baylor Massacre. This happened in Riverdale, New Jersey where a large British surprise attack occurred during one and three o'clock in the morning. The British snuck into a town filled with 116 men of the 3rd regiment of continental light dragoons. There were 15 continental casualties, and 54 wounded or captured. The British led by Maj. Gen. Sir Charles Grey, Major Turner Straubenzee and Major John Maitland only had one casualty. Peter Post, who owned Post's Tavern, heard word of a Hessian marauding party which would be coming through the next day. He sent word to the Continental troops, who organized a force of 120 dragoons to ambush the Hessians. When the Hessians rode through as expected the next day, Post directed them towards Edgar's Lane, where the dragoons were hidden in the surrounding trees. When the Hessians rode through, the Continental dragoons fired a volley, killing some Hessians. The surviving Hessians ran towards the ravine on the Hudson River, the dragoons giving chase. Many Hessians fell down the ravine. Some Hessians were shot in the water, others drowned, and the rest were taken prisoner. In all, the Continental dragoons killed 23 Hessians, winning the skirmish, along with losing no men. Two markers have stood on the site for several decades. One, a New York State plaque commemorating the battle, stands on the corner of Edgar's Lane and Broadway, Hastings-on-Hudson. The other, a boulder-mounted commemorative bronze plaque dedicated by the Daughters of the American Revolution in 1938 sits at the east edge of Wagner Park, on the site of where the battle took place. Most recently, a commemorative installation titled "Revolutionary Walk" was dedicated to the public on September 30, 2021, the 243rd anniversary of the battle. The installation sits within Sheldon Wagner Park in Hastings-on-Hudson and features a landscaped plaza with seating. Six illustrated panels in the Walk explore the historical context surrounding the battle, details of the engagement itself, and a summary of the aftermath. Revolutionary Walk was created by the members of Revolutionary Hastings, "a committee of the Hastings Historical Society, dedicated to developing new awareness of the Battle of Edgar’s Lane and its context in the American Revolutionary War." Part of the action of Austin Wright's novel Tony and Susan takes place on Edgar's Lane, and the battle is mentioned.

text:
# Battle of Edgar's Lane

The **Battle of Edgar's Lane** was a skirmish in the American Revolutionary War on September 30, 1778 between a force of 80 Hessians and 120 Continental dragoons under Major Henry Lee. The skirmish was fought in the village of Hastings-on-Hudson, New York. The skirmish would be a morale-boosting victory for the Continental Army and Major Henry Lee.

Previously the British army secured a victory during a sneak attack at the Baylor Massacre. This happened in Riverdale, New Jersey where a large British surprise attack occurred during one and three o'clock in the morning. The British snuck into a town filled with 116 men of the 3rd regiment of continental light dragoons. There were 15 continental casualties, and 54 wounded or captured. The British led by Maj. Gen. Sir Charles Grey, Major Turner Straubenzee and Major John Maitland only had one casualty.

Peter Post, who owned Post's Tavern, heard word of a Hessian marauding party which would be coming through the next day. He sent word to the Continental troops, who organized a force of 120 dragoons to ambush the Hessians. When the Hessians rode through as expected the next day, Post directed them towards Edgar's Lane, where the dragoons were hidden in the surrounding trees. When the Hessians rode through, the Continental dragoons fired a volley, killing some Hessians. The surviving Hessians ran towards the ravine on the Hudson River, the dragoons giving chase. Many Hessians fell down the ravine. Some Hessians were shot in the water, others drowned, and the rest were taken prisoner. In all, the Continental dragoons killed 23 Hessians, winning the skirmish, along with losing no men.

Two markers have stood on the site for several decades. One, a New York State plaque commemorating the battle, stands on the corner of Edgar's Lane and Broadway, Hastings-on-Hudson. The other, a boulder-mounted commemorative bronze plaque dedicated by the Daughters of the American Revolution in 1938 sits at the east edge of Wagner Park, on the site of where the battle took place. Most recently, a commemorative installation titled "Revolutionary Walk" was dedicated to the public on September 30, 2021, the 243rd anniversary of the battle. The installation sits within Sheldon Wagner Park in Hastings-on-Hudson and features a landscaped plaza with seating. Six illustrated panels in the Walk explore the historical context surrounding the battle, details of the engagement itself, and a summary of the aftermath. Revolutionary Walk was created by the members of Revolutionary Hastings, "a committee of the Hastings Historical Society, dedicated to developing new awareness of the Battle of Edgar’s Lane and its context in the American Revolutionary War."

Part of the action of Austin Wright's novel *Tony and Susan* takes place on Edgar's Lane, and the battle is mentioned.

40°59′54″N 73°52′53″W / 40.99833°N 73.88139°W / 40.99833; -73.88139

## InfoBox

| Battle of Edgar's Lane | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of American Revolutionary War | |
| Date September 30, 1778  Location Hastings-on-Hudson, New York  Result  Continental victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Hessians | Continental Army |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Karl Moritz von Donop | Henry Lee III |
| Units involved | |
| 80 | 120 |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 23 | |


title: Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception

abstract: Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception may refer to:

text:
# Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception

**Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception** may refer to:

## Austria

## Benin

## Bolivia

## Burkina Faso

## Canada

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title: Shepperton branch line

abstract: The Shepperton branch line is a 6 mi 51 ch (10.7 km) railway branch line in Surrey and Greater London, England. It runs from its western terminus at Shepperton to a triangular junction with the Kingston loop line east of Fulwell. There are intermediate stations at Upper Halliford, Sunbury and Hampton. The branch also serves a dedicated station at Kempton Park racecourse. All six stations are managed by South Western Railway, which operates all passenger trains. Most services run between Shepperton and London Waterloo via Kingston, but during peak periods some run via Twickenham. The line was constructed by the Thames Valley Railway company and opened in November 1864. It became part of the London and South Western Railway (LSWR) the following year. The LSWR was responsible for double tracking and electrifying the line using the 750 V DC third-rail system. The replacement of the signalling was completed in June 2019 and train movements have been controlled from Basingstoke rail operating centre since April 2021. The Shepperton branch line is proposed for incorporation into Crossrail 2.

text:
# Shepperton branch line

The **Shepperton branch line** is a 6 mi 51 ch (10.7 km) railway branch line in Surrey and Greater London, England. It runs from its western terminus at Shepperton to a triangular junction with the Kingston loop line east of Fulwell. There are intermediate stations at Upper Halliford, Sunbury and Hampton. The branch also serves a dedicated station at Kempton Park racecourse. All six stations are managed by South Western Railway, which operates all passenger trains. Most services run between Shepperton and London Waterloo via Kingston, but during peak periods some run via Twickenham.

The line was constructed by the Thames Valley Railway company and opened in November 1864. It became part of the London and South Western Railway (LSWR) the following year. The LSWR was responsible for double tracking and electrifying the line using the 750  DC third-rail system. The replacement of the signalling was completed in June 2019 and train movements have been controlled from Basingstoke rail operating centre since April 2021. The Shepperton branch line is proposed for incorporation into Crossrail 2.

## Infrastructure and services

The Shepperton branch line is a railway line in Surrey and Greater London, England. It runs for 6 mi 51 ch (10.7 km) from its terminus at Shepperton station to an at-grade triangular junction with the Kingston loop line around 12.5 mi (20.1 km) down the line from London Waterloo. The maximum speed permitted on the branch is 60 mph (97 km/h). The line is electrified using the 750  DC third-rail system and, with the exception of Shepperton station, the line is double tracked throughout. Signalling is controlled by Basingstoke rail operating centre and Track Circuit Block is in operation. There is one level crossing on the line, immediately to the west of Hampton station, and a 57 yd (52 m) tunnel, immediately to the west of Fulwell station. The artificial Longford River passes over the line in an aqueduct at Hampton Hill.

The six stations on the branch are managed by South Western Railway, which operates all services. Shepperton has one operational platform, but the other five stations have two platforms each. The buffer stop at Shepperton is 18 mi 73 ch (30.4 km) down the line from London Waterloo, when measured via Twickenham. The off-peak service pattern is two trains per hour in each direction calling at all stations (except Earlsfield) between Shepperton and London Waterloo via Kingston. In the peak periods, there are additional services to Waterloo via Twickenham that do not call at Kempton Park. Off-peak trains from Shepperton typically reach New Malden on the South West Main Line in around 30 minutes and reach London Waterloo from Shepperton in around 55 minutes. Hampton and Fulwell stations are in Zone 6, but the other four stations on the branch are outside the London fare zones.

## History

### Proposals and authorisation

A railway line serving Shepperton and Sunbury was first proposed in 1861. At the time, the area was rural and the main industry was agriculture. The main motivation for the scheme was to provide a reliable route to London, avoiding Walton Bridge, which had collapsed in 1859 and had not yet been repaired. The Metropolitan and Thames Valley Railway (M&TVR) company was formed and issued its first shares in December 1861. Among the provisional directors of the company were: William Schaw Lindsay, the MP for Sunderland; Sir William Clay; Sir James Duke; Frederick Smith, colonel commandant of the Royal Engineers.

The initial proposal was for a 14 mi (23 km) line linking Shepperton and Sunbury to the Great Western Main Line near Ealing. The western terminus would have been on the north side of the River Thames at Chertsey and the route would also have served Twickenham, Richmond and Isleworth. It would have run along part of the Brentford branch line, which had opened in 1859, and there would also have been spur to Walton Bridge. The line was to have been worked by both the Great Western Railway (GWR) and the London and South Western Railway (LSWR), and was to be laid with dual gauge, meaning that it could accommodate the two companies' trains.

The original intention of the promoters was to work with the GWR to raise capital to finance construction. Instead, the GWR offered to run trains on the line in exchange for half of the gross receipts and to provide assistance in obtaining parliamentary authorisation. The directors of the M&TVR rejected the GWR's offer in March 1862 and approached the LSWR instead. The scope of the initial proposal was dramatically reduced, with the removal of the eastern half of the line. Instead, the easternmost point on the branch would be a junction with LSWR line to Kingston (later the Kingston loop line) around 1.5 mi (2.4 km) south of Twickenham. The promoters dropped the word "Metropolitan" from the company name, which became the "Thames Valley Railway" (TVR). Additionally, the line was to be built to standard gauge only. Many supporters of the M&TVR were unhappy with the reduced scope of the line and refused to continue their association with the renamed company.

A preliminary agreement was made with the LSWR on 1 May 1862. The LSWR was to run train services on the line in exchange for paying the TVR 50% of its gross receipts in addition to a 4% return on the original capital, up to £110,000. Two further alterations to the proposed line took place in mid-1862. Firstly, local opposition from residents forced a diversion to avoid the settlement of Sunbury. The diversion required gradients of up to 1 in 100 to enable it to climb away from the Thames. Secondly, the stretch of line from Shepperton to Chertsey was not included in the original act of parliament, although the stated intention of the TVR directors was to build this section at a later date. Construction of the Shepperton branch line was authorised on 17 July 1862.

### Construction and opening

The TVR appointed Joseph Quick and Julian Horne Johne as engineers, and John Aird as the contractor to build the railway. Under the terms of the act of parliament, only a single track was laid, but the formation was sufficiently wide to allow a second track to be added at a later date. Four stations were constructed (Shepperton, Sunbury, Hampton and Fulwell) all of which except Fullwell were provided with small goods yards. The station buildings were designed in the Italiante villa style using yellow London stock bricks. Trains were able to pass at Shepperton, Sunbury, Hampton and at the junction with the Kingston branch line. The single line sections were to be controlled by train staff.

Aird received £110,000 for constructing the line, the majority of which was paid in shares. He was also given some surplus land in the Sunbury area. He offered to extend the line westwards from Shepperton, which had been laid out as a through station with two platforms. Although a parliamentary notice was drafted, opposition from the LSWR meant that the plans for the Shepperton-Chertsey section were dropped in December 1964.

The Shepperton branch line opened on 1 November 1864, with the first train leaving the western terminus at 7:40 am and arriving at London Waterloo around an hour later. The initial service was eight trains in each direction per day Monday-Saturday (at intervals of roughly two hours) and four trains per day on Sundays. The opening of the branch stimulated housebuilding in the area. By mid-1865, the Hampton Hill Estate Company was starting to construct around 250 villas on the north side of the line and, in 1872, the 480-acre (190 ha) Fulwell Estate was offered for development. By 1887, there were 17 trains per day on weekdays, with a typical journey time from Shepperton to Waterloo of 55 minutes.

### Under LSWR ownership

Amalgamation of the TVR and LSWR was proposed in November 1864 and the merger was authorised by act of parliament on 5 July the following year. The owners of the TVR accepted a total of £100,910 in 4+12 per cent preference stock. The LSWR doubled the line between Thames Valley Junction (the junction with the Kingston branch line) and Fulwell station c.1867. Double track was extended westwards to Sunbury by July 1878 and to Shepperton by the end of that year.

Kempton Park Racecourse opened on 18 July 1878. Although the LSWR was initially reluctant to serve the venue with a dedicated station, a private platform opened to the north of the course that year, funded by the Kempton Park Racing Club. A second platform opened in 1897 and a third in 1890. Initially, Kempton Park station was only available for use by members of the racing club and, until 1890, most racegoers used Sunbury station, around 600 m (660 yd) to the west.

From 1894, special raceday trains to and from London were routed via Kingston. West of Sunbury, the Shepperton branch was operated as a single-line, allowing rolling stock for the specials to be stabled on the up line, whilst keeping the down line free for regular scheduled services. Special raceday trains ceased in the early 1960s and the third platform at Kempton Park station was closed in 1964.

On 1 July 1894, the LSWR opened a new section of track, enabling trains from Fulwell to reach Twickenham without the need for reversal. The 24-chain (480 m) curve created a triangular junction between the Shepperton branch and the Kingston loop line, allowing access to the South Western Main Line via the existing junction at New Malden. Initially, the new link was used primarily by goods trains, but raceday specials also used the line from 1894. Regular passenger services began running over the line on 1 June 1901. Strawberry Hill train maintenance depot, inside the triangle created by the new curve, opened in 1897.

The Shepperton branch line was included in the first phase of the LSWR suburban electrification programme. Electric services began on 30 January 1916. At the same time, the timetable was rewritten to reroute most off-peak services to Waterloo via Kingston, running at 30-minute intervals. During peak hours, additional steam-hauled services ran via Twickenham. Stabling at Shepperton was improved in 1925 with the installation of an electrified siding and cleaning stage. Electrification stimulated further development in the area served by the line, including the construction of new housing estates at Fulwell in the 1920s and 1930s.

Under the terms of the Railways Act 1921, the LSWR became part of the Southern Railway on 1 January 1923.

### Metropolitan Water Board Railway

In 1852, three private companies established pumping stations at Hampton to extract water from the Thames. Coal for the works was delivered by horse-and-cart and by barge from the river. The companies were taken over by the Metropolitan Water Board in June 1904. The board decided to build a 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge railway system with transshipment sidings alongside the Shepperton branch line between Kempton Park and Hampton stations. The 3+12 miles (5.6 km) system opened in 1915 and was worked by three Kerr, Stuart 0-4-2T locomotives named Hampton, Kempton and Sunbury, supplemented by fourth, named Hurst, some years later. Eventually there were about 140 tipping, hopper and other wagons in use on the railway. With the declining use of coal at the pumping stations, the railway closed in 1947.

### Second World War and afterwards

During the Second World War, Kempton Park Racecourse was used as a reception camp for prisoners of war. The prisoners were transported to the racecourse station in corridor stock, hauled by Southern Railway 4-6-0 or War Department Austerity 2-8-0 locomotives. The station buildings on the up platform at Sunbury were destroyed by bombing on 29 November 1940. Upper Halliford station opened as a halt on 1 May 1944 for workers at the British Thermostat Company factory nearby. Since single-line working was in operation at the time, only one platform, on the down side, was provided. The second platform opened on 6 May 1946.

The signal boxes at Sunbury, Hampton and Shepperton closed between March 1969 and November 1974. Control of the line transferred to Feltham Signalling Centre from September of that year. A new CLASP station building at Sunbury opened in 1967. Shepperton station was rebuilt in 1988, with the new building incorporating offices for the publishers, Ian Allan.

In June 2019, a project to replace life-expired signalling equipment was completed. Since April 2021, train movements on the Shepperton branch line have been controlled from Basingstoke rail operating centre.

## Proposals

The Shepperton branch line is proposed for incorporation into Crossrail 2.

1. "Sectional Appendix" 2009, pp. 167–169.
2. "Route Specifications" 2016, pp. 49–51.
3. Strudwick, Matt (8 June 2016). "Fulwell flooding to be tackled with £6M railway line upgrade". *Surrey Live*. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
4. Mitchell & Smith 1990, Fig. 39.
5. Heselton 1994, pp. 18–19.
6. Stacy, Mungo (27 October 2016). "Fulwell's blue lagoons". *Rail Engineer*. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
7. "Kingston Loop and Shepperton to London Waterloo" (PDF). South Western Railway. December 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
8. "Sectional Appendix" 2009, pp. 125–130.
9. "London's rail & tube services" (PDF). London: Transport for London. December 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
10. Quick 2023, p. 200.
11. Quick 2023, p. 227.
12. Quick 2023, p. 262.
13. Quick 2023, pp. 438–439.
14. Quick 2023, p. 462.
15. Quick 2023, p. 413.
16. Heselton 1994, p. 1.
17. Hall, Mike (30 September 1999). "River crossing proves to be a bridge too far". *Surrey Herald*. p. 8.
18. "Metropolitan and Thames Valley Railway". *Daily Telegraph*. No. 2021. 16 December 1861. p. 1.
19. Heselton 1994, pp. 2–3.
20. Williams 1973, pp. 39–40.
21. Heselton 1994, p. 5.
22. Jackson 1999a, p. 171.
23. Heselton 1994, p. 6.
24. Heselton 1994, pp. 9–10.
25. Williams 1973, pp. 40–43.
26. Oppitz 1988, pp. 104–105.
27. Hall, Mike (23 November 1995). "Pub plan left high but not dry by rail change". *Surrey Herald*. p. 6.
28. Hall, Mike (1 September 1994). "Villagers' triumph blocking the rails". *Surrey Herald*. p. 8.
29. Heselton 1994, pp. 7–8.
30. "House of Lords, Thursday, July 17". *Daily News*. No. 5051. 18 July 1862. p. 2.
31. Heselton 1994, p. 11.
32. Heselton 1994, p. 20.
33. Jackson 1999a, p. 172.
34. Jackson 1999b, p. 59.
35. Williams 1973, p. 41.
36. Hall, Mike (7 October 1999). "Station plan reaches the end of the line". *Surrey Herald*. p. 8.
37. Heselton 1994, pp. 23.
38. "The Thames Valley Railway". *Daily Telegraph*. No. 2923. 2 November 1864. p. 5.
39. Heselton 1994, pp. 25.
40. "Money market". *Daily News*. No. 5930. 9 May 1865. p. 9.
41. "Twickenham and Teddington, Middlesex". *The Times*. No. 27362. London. 27 April 1872. p. 14.
42. "London and South Western". *The Observer*. No. 3836. 20 November 1864. p. 2.
43. Grant 2017, p. 560.
44. Jackson 1999b, p. 58.
45. Jackson 1999a, p. 173.
46. Oppitz 1988, p. 105.
47. Jackson 1999b, p. 178.
48. Faulkner, J.N. (April 1955). "Easter Monday at Kempton Park". *Railway Magazine*. No. 648. pp. 275–276.
49. Jackson 1999a, p. 178.
50. Mitchell & Smith 1990, Fig. 52.
51. Mitchell & Smith 1990, Fig. 26.
52. Mitchell & Smith 1990, Fig. 43.
53. "Electrification on the South-Western". *Surrey Advertiser*. Vol. LXXX, no. 7006. 2 March 1914. p. 2.
54. Brown 2009, p. 25.
55. Brown 2009, pp. 28–29.
56. Jackson 1999a, p. 176.
57. Jackson 1999a, p. 177.
58. "London & South-Western Railway Company". *The Times*. No. 43192. London. 18 November 1922. p. 18.
59. Robbins 2003, pp. 67–68.
60. Mitchell & Smith 1990, Hampton Waterworks.
61. Thomas 2003, p. 19.
62. Mitchell & Smith 1990, Fig. 51.
63. Mitchell & Smith 1990, Fig. 57.
64. Mitchell & Smith 1990, Fig. 59.
65. Jackson 1999b, p. 168.
66. Mitchell & Smith 1990, Figs 45, 54, 66.
67. "British Rail's new £6M signal box at Feltham". *Middlesex Chronicle*. No. 6032. 6 September 1974. p. 21.
68. Jackson 1999a, pp. 178–179.
69. "Sunbury station rebuilding plan announced". *Middlesex Chronicle*. No. 5585. 11 February 1966. p. 1.
70. "Smiles, plaudits for a new station". *Surrey Herald*. 17 November 1988. p. 5.
71. Darlington, Paul (9 July 2019). "New main-line interlocking enters service". *Rail Engineer*. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
72. Ashworth, James (5 April 2021). "Basingstoke Rail Operating Centre takes control of new lines". *Basingstoke Gazette*. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
73. "Crossrail 2 stations proposed by London business leaders". *BBC News*. 5 February 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2024.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Shepperton branch line | |
| --- | --- |
| Looking southwestwards towards Shepperton from Upper Halliford station | |
| Overview | |
| Status | Operational |
| Owner | Network Rail |
| Locale |  |
| Termini |  |
| Stations | 6 |
| Service | |
| Type | Commuter rail, Heavy rail |
| System | National Rail |
| Operator(s) | South Western Railway |
| Rolling stock |  |
| History | |
| Opened | 1 November 1864 |
| Technical | |
| Number of tracks | 2 |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) standard gauge |
| Electrification | 750  DC third rail |
| Operating speed | 60 mph (97 km/h) |
| Route map  <br>(Click to expand) | |


title: Dillwyn v Llewelyn

abstract: Dillwyn v Llewelyn [1862] is an 'English' land, probate and contract law case which established an example of proprietary estoppel at the testator's wish overturning his last Will and Testament; the case concerned land in Wales demonstrating the united jurisdiction of England and Wales. The sole appellate judge, the Lord Chancellor of England and Wales held: "by virtue of the original gift made by the testator and of the subsequent expenditure by the Plaintiff with the approbation [approval] of the testator, and of the right and obligation resulting therefrom, the Plaintiff is entitled to have a conveyance."

text:
# Dillwyn v Llewelyn

***Dillwyn v Llewelyn*** \[1862\] is an 'English' land, probate and contract law case which established an example of proprietary estoppel at the testator's wish overturning his last Will and Testament; the case concerned land in Wales demonstrating the united jurisdiction of England and Wales.

The sole appellate judge, the Lord Chancellor of England and Wales held: "by virtue of the original gift made by the testator and of the subsequent expenditure by the Plaintiff with the approbation \[approval\] of the testator, and of the right and obligation resulting therefrom, the Plaintiff is entitled to have a conveyance."

## Facts

In 1847 the parties' father (Lewis Weston Dillwyn of Sketty Hall) earlier bequeathed his lands on trust to his widow for life and with a complex remainder so that his younger son, the "plaintiff", would inherit absolutely if he obtained 21 years of age; otherwise charged with annuities (equity partly-released) for certain daughters and thereafter to the defendant (and his heirs).

He later wished to give immediately to the plaintiff (Lewis Llewelyn Dillwyn) one of these parcels, his farm at Hendrefoilan near to Sketty Hall, and thought he had done so by signing a memorandum presenting it to him “for the purpose of furnishing himself with a dwelling-house”. The memorandum was not a deed  a proper deed would make it binding to all the world at common law. The younger son, the plaintiff, incurred great expense in building a house on the land. The elder son and father signed and dated the memorandum. Two years later in 1855 the father died and the elder son (John Dillwyn Llewelyn) disputed his younger brother's imperfect title (ownership). The widow, noted photographer, Mary Dillwyn died in 1906 and chose to waive her life interest in the property.

At first instance, Sir John Romilly MR decreed that the claimant was entitled to a life interest (possession for life in the estate in land, worth £14,000).

## Judgment

Lord Westbury L.C. on appeal held that the younger son had an incomplete gift and was on the facts entitled to call for a legal conveyance of the whole freehold (fee simple). His reasoning was:

> About the rules of the court there can be no controversy. A voluntary agreement will not be completed or assisted by a court of equity, in cases of mere gift. If anything be wanting to complete the title of the donee, a court of equity will not assist him in obtaining it; for a mere donee can have no right to claim more than he has received. But the subsequent acts of the donor may give the donee that right or ground of claim which he did not acquire from the original gift. Thus, if A gives a house to B, but makes no formal conveyance, and the house is afterwards, on the marriage of B, included, with the knowledge of A, in the marriage settlement of B, A would be bound to complete the title of the parties claiming under that settlement. So if A puts B in possession of a piece of land, and tells him, ‘I give it to you that you may build a house on it,’ and B on the strength of that promise, with the knowledge of A, expends a large sum of money in building a house accordingly, I cannot doubt that the donee acquires a right from the subsequent transaction to call on the donor to perform that contract and complete the imperfect donation which was made...
>
> The Master of the Rolls, however, seems to have thought that a question might still remain as to the extent of the estate taken by the donee, and that in this particular case the extent of the donee's interest depended on the terms of the memorandum. I am not of that opinion. The equity of the donee and the estate to be claimed by virtue of it depend on the transaction, that is, on the acts done, and not on the language of the memorandum, except as that shews the purpose and intent of the gift. The estate was given as the site of a dwelling-house to be erected by the son. The ownership of the dwelling-house and the ownership of the estate must be considered as intended to be co-extensive and co-equal. No one builds a house for his own life only, and it is absurd to suppose that it was intended by either party that the house, at the death of the son, should become the property of the father. If, therefore, I am right in the conclusion of law that the subsequent expenditure by the son, with the approbation of the father, supplied a valuable consideration originally wanting, the memorandum signed by the father and son must be thenceforth regarded as an agreement for the soil extending to the fee-simple of the land. In a contract for sale of an estate no words of limitation are necessary to include the fee-simple; but, further, upon the construction of the memorandum itself, taken apart from the subsequent acts, I should be of opinion that it was the plain intention of the testator to vest in the son the absolute ownership of the estate. The only inquiry therefore is, whether the son's expenditure on the faith of the memorandum supplied a valuable consideration and created a binding obligation. On this I have no doubt; and it therefore follows that the intention to give the fee-simple must be performed, and that the decree ought to declare the son the absolute owner of the estate comprised in the memorandum.
>
> I propose, therefore, to vary the decree of the Master of the Rolls, and to declare, by virtue of the original gift made by the testator and of the subsequent expenditure by the Plaintiff with the approbation of the testator, and of the right and obligation resulting therefrom, the Plaintiff is entitled to have a conveyance from the trustees of the testator's will and other parties interested under the same of all their estate and interest under the testator's will in the estate of Hendrefoilan in the pleadings mentioned, and with this declaration refer it to the Judge in Chambers to settle such conveyance accordingly.

## InfoBox

| Dillwyn v Llewelyn | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Court | Court of Appeal in Chancery |
| Full case name | *Hon. Lewis Llewelyn Dillwyn v John Dillwyn Llewelyn* |
| Decided | 4 June and 12 July 1862 |
| Citations | \[1862\] EWHC Ch J67<br>(1862) 4 De G F & J 517 |
| Case history | |
| Prior action | Appellant (plaintiff in this case) lost by a decree of the Master of the Rolls at first instance (the Court of Chancery) limiting his inheritance to a life interest. |
| Court membership | |
| Judge sitting | Lord Westbury, Lord Chancellor |
| Keywords | |
| Contract, proprietary estoppel, law of deeds, required formalities in conveyancing, imperfect gift, variation of wills | |


title: David Peel (musician)

abstract: David Peel was a New York City–based musician who first recorded in the late 1960s with Harold Black, Billy Joe White, George Cori and Larry Adam performing as David Peel and The Lower East Side Band. His raw, acoustic "street rock" with lyrics about marijuana and "bad cops" appealed mostly to hippies and the disenfranchised.

text:
# David Peel (musician)

**David Peel** (born **David Michael Rosario**; August 3, 1942 – April 6, 2017) was a New York City–based musician who first recorded in the late 1960s with Harold Black, Billy Joe White, George Cori and Larry Adam performing as David Peel and The Lower East Side Band. His raw, acoustic "street rock" with lyrics about marijuana and "bad cops" appealed mostly to hippies and the disenfranchised.

## Biography

Peel was born in Manhattan to Puerto Rican parents, Angel Perez, who worked in a restaurant, and Esther Rosario, a homemaker. He was raised in Brooklyn and served two years in the United States Army, and was stationed in Alaska.

Peel took his stage name from a 1967 hoax that claimed that banana peels were psychoactive.

In 1968, Peel was contracted by Elektra Records when he was first discovered and recorded two "envelope pushers" for the label. His album *Have a Marijuana* peaked at No. 186 on the *Billboard* chart.

Peel was rediscovered by John Lennon in 1971 as the early seventies continued its swing towards the youth revolution. Lennon befriended Peel when David was playing with his ragtag hippie band in New York's Washington Square Park in Greenwich Village. Lennon produced *The Pope Smokes Dope* for Peel. This album was banned in many countries and since has been sought after by collectors worldwide.

Peel appeared with John Lennon at the John Sinclair Freedom Rally in Ann Arbor, Michigan on December 10, 1971, later released as a documentary film called "Ten for Two". On January 23, 1975, Peel and his band performed live on the David Frost Show with Lennon, Yoko Ono and Jerry Rubin. This was Lennon's first live appearance on U.S. TV as a solo performer.

In 1976 the independent labels Orange Records and Auravox Records released *An Evening With David Peel*. The LP was hailed as being a breakthrough recording by capturing the tumultuous mid-1970s American underground movement as well as the bubbling under of live recordings that have become a mainstay of the recording arts. The mix was finalized by Ron St. Germain (of Band 311 fame) at Ultrasonic recording studios in Hempstead, New York.

Peel has been associated with the "transgressive, shock" performer GG Allin, with Allin's debut album and early singles released by Peel's Orange record label. Allin would cover Peel's "Devil's Prayer", "I Want to Kill You", and "I Like Marijuana", and frequently cited him as a musical influence in interviews. Peel also produced the album Always Was, Is and Always Shall Be, and in the unreleased song "What a drag it is to be dead" performed with GG Allin on the drums.

In the early-to-mid 1990's, Peel was a mainstay on The Howard Stern Show, singing at his yearly live birthday shows, and he wrote "the official" song when Stern attempted to run for governor, the song titled (and the chorus stating) "Howard Stern for Governor," repeated three times and finishing with, "For Governor of New York." After Stern dropped out because of financial disclosure laws, Peel changed the "Stern" to "Pataki" for George Pataki since Stern was supporting him.

In 1995, the vinyl LP tracks from *An Evening With David Peel* were combined with two new multi-tracked studio recordings: "Junk Rock" and "I Hate You" (recorded at Right Track Studios, NYC) for a CD release *Up Against The Wall*. In the additional studio recordings on the CD, Muruga Booker (of Genesis fame) played his "electric talking drum" on the comeback hit "Junk Rock".

In 1995, Technohead produced "I Wanna Be a Hippy", a gabber remix of "I Like Marijuana", which quickly climbed the charts in many countries.

In 2011, Peel signed with Global Recording Artists. *The David Peel Anthology*, a career retrospective compiled by Peel with his favorite tracks from his entire career, was released in 2012. In 2011 through 2013, Peel was involved in the Occupy Wall Street protests at Zuccotti Park, in Union Square, and in other New-York-area locations. In addition to performing, Peel documented the protests via hundreds of photographs, some of which he released online. In 2013, David Peel and the Protesters released *Up Against the Wall Street*, an album of themed protest songs. In 2015, Peel was back to his fight for the legalization of marijuana, releasing his latest album as David Peel and the Lower East Side titled *Give Hemp a Chance*.

He also made film music for the avant-garde director Rosa von Praunheim.

On March 31, 2017 Peel was escorted to the Veterans Administration hospital in Manhattan New York by fellow musician Joff Wilson, after complaining that he was not feeling well. He suffered a series of three heart attacks upon his arrival. Peel died at the hospital on April 6, 2017. was buried with full military honors at Calverton National Cemetery in Wading River, New York (Section 53-Grave 3208) on April 17, 2017.

## Discography

* *Have a Marijuana* (1968)
* *The American Revolution* (1970)
* *The Pope Smokes Dope* (1972)
* *Santa Claus Rooftop Junkie* (1974)
* *An Evening with David Peel* (1976)
* *Bring Back the Beatles* (1977)
* *King of Punk* (1978)
* "Junk Rock" (1979)
* *Death to Disco* (1980)
* *John Lennon for President* (1980)
* *Animal In Love* (1982)
* *1984* (1984)
* *Search to Destroy* (1986)
* *John Lennon Forever* (1987)
* *World War III* (1987)
* *Anarchy in New York City* (1993)
* *Battle for New York* (1994)
* *War and Anarchy* (1994)
* *Noiseville* (1995)
* *Up Against the Wall* (1995)
* *Legalize Marijuana* (2002)
* *Long Live the Grateful Dead* (2002)
* *Rock 'n' Roll Outlaw* (2002)
* *Jirokichi Live at Koenji* (2004)
* *Marijuana Christmas* (2008)
* *Anthology* (2012)
* *Up Against the Wall Street* (2013)
* *Give Hemp A Chance* (2015)

## Film

Peel has appeared as himself in various films, including *Please Stand By* (1972), *Rude Awakening* (1989), *High Times' Potluck* (2004) and *The U.S. vs. John Lennon* (2006).

In Jack Milton's film *Please Stand By*, Peel portrays and stars as a media hippie revolutionary, who hijacks a network television van and jams the airwaves with unauthorized radical broadcasts to the nation.

## InfoBox

| David Peel | |
| --- | --- |
| Peel in 2005 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | David Michael Rosario |
| Born | (1942-08-03)August 3, 1942
Brooklyn, New York, U.S. |
| Died | April 6, 2017(2017-04-06) (aged 74)
Manhattan, New York, U.S. |
| Genres |  |
| Occupation | Musician |
| Instrument | Guitar |
| Years active | 1967–2017 |
| Labels |  |


title: Callionymus regani

abstract: Callionymus regani, Regan’s deepwater dragonet, is a species of dragonet known only from the Saya de Malha Bank in the Indian Ocean at depths of around 148 metres (486 ft). The specific name honours the British ichthyologist Charles Tate Regan (1878-1943).

text:
# Callionymus regani

***Callionymus regani***, **Regan’s deepwater dragonet**, is a species of dragonet known only from the Saya de Malha Bank in the Indian Ocean at depths of around 148 metres (486 ft). The specific name honours the British ichthyologist Charles Tate Regan (1878-1943).

View works about *Callionymus regani* at Biodiversity Heritage Library.

## InfoBox

| *Callionymus regani* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Callionymiformes |
| Family: | Callionymidae |
| Genus: | *Callionymus* |
| Species: | ***C. regani*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Callionymus regani***<br>Nakabo, 1979 | |
|


title: Valea Baciului

abstract: The Valea Baciului is a right tributary of the river Urluia in Romania. It passes through Lake Baciului and flows into the Urluia near Rasova. Its length is 39 km (24 mi) and its basin size is 294 km⁲ (114 sq mi).

text:
# Valea Baciului

The **Valea Baciului** is a right tributary of the river Urluia in Romania. It passes through Lake Baciului and flows into the Urluia near Rasova. Its length is 39 km (24 mi) and its basin size is 294 km2 (114 sq mi).

## InfoBox

| Valea Baciului | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Romania |
| Counties | Constanța County |
| Villages | Abrud, Hațeg |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth | Urluia |
| coordinates | 44°14′06″N 27°54′00″E / 44.235°N 27.900°E / 44.235; 27.900 |
| Length | 39 km (24 mi) |
| Basin size | 294 km2 (114 sq mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | UrluiaDanubeBlack Sea |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | Deleni |
| River code | XIV.1.40.2 |


title: Charlie Haeger

abstract: Charles Wallis Haeger was an American professional baseball player. He was one of the few knuckleball pitchers in Major League Baseball (MLB) during his career. He played in MLB for the Chicago White Sox, San Diego Padres and Los Angeles Dodgers. He was found dead from a self-inflicted gunshot at the Grand Canyon on October 3, 2020, shortly after the suspected murder of his ex-girlfriend.

text:
# Charlie Haeger

**Charles Wallis Haeger** (September 19, 1983  October 3, 2020) was an American professional baseball player. He was one of the few knuckleball pitchers in Major League Baseball (MLB) during his career. He played in MLB for the Chicago White Sox, San Diego Padres and Los Angeles Dodgers. He was found dead from a self-inflicted gunshot at the Grand Canyon on October 3, 2020, shortly after the suspected murder of his ex-girlfriend.

## Early life

Haeger attended Detroit Catholic Central High School in Redford, Michigan (now located in Novi). He was named to the All-Catholic team as a senior in 2001, after pitching to a 7–2 win–loss record with a 1.88 earned run average (ERA) and 101 strikeouts. He also batted .354 with 34 runs batted in (RBIs). He was the winning pitcher in the State Championship game as a sophomore.

## Playing career

### Chicago White Sox

The Chicago White Sox selected Haeger in the 25th round of the 2001 Major League Baseball draft. He made his professional debut with the AZL White Sox. He briefly retired to pursue a career in golf following the 2002 season, but returned in 2004. While in the minor leagues, he learned how to throw a knuckleball.

Haeger made his major league debut May 10, 2006, in a start against the Los Angeles Angels. He suffered the loss after allowing six runs on five hits in 413 innings. Haeger appeared in seven games for the White Sox, with a record of 1–1. He spent most of the season with the Charlotte Knights, and was the starting pitcher in the International League All-Star game.

On July 22, 2007, White Sox pitcher Jon Garland started against Boston Red Sox knuckleball pitcher Tim Wakefield. Garland was relieved by Haeger in the fifth inning, marking the first time in recent years that two knuckleballers faced each other in the same game. Wakefield got the victory as the Red Sox won, 8–5.

### San Diego Padres

On September 10, 2008, Haeger was claimed off waivers by the San Diego Padres. He made four appearances for the Padres, and was non-tendered following the season, making him a free agent.

### Los Angeles Dodgers

In January 2009, Haeger signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers. He was assigned to the AAA Albuquerque Isotopes, and pitched well enough in the first half of the season to earn a spot on the Pacific Coast League All-Star team. The Dodgers called him up on August 12, and he made his team debut as the starting pitcher on August 17 against the St. Louis Cardinals. He appeared in six games for the Dodgers, three as a starter, and finished 1–1 with a 3.32 ERA.

Haeger began the 2010 season as the 5th starter in the Dodgers rotation. He accumulated a 0–4 record and an 8.40 ERA in nine appearances, six of them starts, and was designated for assignment on June 25. After clearing waivers, he was reassigned to Albuquerque. He made 10 starts for the Isotopes after his return, finishing 4–3 with a 5.70 ERA.

### Later career

Haeger signed a minor league contract with the Seattle Mariners in November 2010, and was given an invitation to spring training. He went 2–2 with a 7.74 ERA in 9 starts for the Tacoma Rainiers before he was released on July 15.

On July 23, 2011, Haeger signed a minor league contract with the Boston Red Sox. He made eight starts for the AA Portland Sea Dogs, and was 4–1 with a 3.24 ERA. He re-signed with the Red Sox after the season, but he suffered an elbow injury in a long-toss session during spring training. Haeger underwent Tommy John surgery and missed the entire 2012 season. He returned to the Red Sox organization in 2013, pitching for the Pawtucket Red Sox.

## Coaching

Haeger was a pitching coach for Madonna University in Livonia, Michigan in 2014.

Haeger was a minor league pitching coordinator for the Tampa Bay Rays organization from 2016 to 2018 and was named as the pitching coach for the Chicago Cubs' AA minor-league team, the Tennessee Smokies in 2020 but never served in the role as the Minor League Baseball season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Death

On October 3, 2020, Haeger, 37, was found dead from a self-inflicted gunshot wound on a trail along the South Rim of the Grand Canyon. He was a suspect in the shooting death of his 34-year-old ex-girlfriend Danielle Breed the previous day in Scottsdale, Arizona.

## InfoBox

| Charlie Haeger | |
| --- | --- |
| Haeger with the San Diego Padres | |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:** (1983-09-19)September 19, 1983
Livonia, Michigan, U.S. | |
| **Died:** October 3, 2020(2020-10-03) (aged 37)
Grand Canyon, Arizona, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| May 10, 2006, for the Chicago White Sox | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| June 24, 2010, for the Los Angeles Dodgers | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Win–loss record | 2–7 |
| Earned run average | 6.40 |
| Strikeouts | 69 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Battle of Egan Station

abstract: The Battle of Egan Station was a minor skirmish which occurred near Schellbourne, Nevada in August 1860. A group of about 80 Paiute warriors attacked a Pony Express station in Egan Canyon looking for food. When the two civilians had gathered up all the food on hand the warrior's chief demanded they bake more bread. Meanwhile, an approaching Pony Express rider turned around and rode back to a military column he passed along the trail. The soldiers were members of the 4th U.S. Artillery under Lt. Stephen H. Weed. As Weed rushed to Egan Station just as the warriors were preparing to burn the two station workers alive. In the ensuing fight, Weed's men freed the captives and ran off the Native warriors inflicting 3 killed and roughly 12 wounded. Weed's losses were 2 wounded and 1 died of wounds. The San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin, on August 21, 1860, report on the incident:...[they demanded] some powder and lead of the men in charge of the station, which they refused to let them have as a matter of course. They then wanted some provisions, and the men gave them two sacks of flour, and some sugar and coffee. One of the men then started out after the animals kept at that place, when the Indians told him that he could not go, and that they would take care of the animals themselves, and commenced singing and hallooing at a great rate. At that instant Lieutenant Weed, with twenty-five soldiers, came up and attacked the Indians, who returned the fire, wounding three men... The Indians fled without driving off any of the stock. About the same time, six or eight Indians went to where some men were mowing, near Deep Creek, and ordered them away, but went off without molesting them further. They came back next morning, when four soldiers, who had secreted themselves in a wagon, fired on them, wounding two mortally. The others fled.

text:
# Battle of Egan Station

The **Battle of Egan Station** (also known as **Egan Canyon Station** or **Egan Canyon**) was a minor skirmish which occurred near Schellbourne, Nevada in August 1860. A group of about 80 Paiute warriors attacked a Pony Express station in Egan Canyon looking for food. When the two civilians had gathered up all the food on hand the warrior's chief demanded they bake more bread. Meanwhile, an approaching Pony Express rider turned around and rode back to a military column he passed along the trail. The soldiers were members of the 4th U.S. Artillery under Lt. Stephen H. Weed. As Weed rushed to Egan Station just as the warriors were preparing to burn the two station workers alive. In the ensuing fight, Weed's men freed the captives and ran off the Native warriors inflicting 3 killed and roughly 12 wounded. Weed's losses were 2 wounded and 1 died of wounds.

The *San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin*, on August 21, 1860, report on the incident:

> ...\[they demanded\] some powder and lead of the men in charge of the station, which they refused to let them have as a matter of course. They then wanted some provisions, and the men gave them two sacks of flour, and some sugar and coffee. One of the men then started out after the animals kept at that place, when the Indians told him that he could not go, and that they would take care of the animals themselves, and commenced singing and hallooing at a great rate. At that instant Lieutenant Weed, with twenty-five soldiers, came up and attacked the Indians, who returned the fire, wounding three men ... The Indians fled without driving off any of the stock. About the same time, six or eight Indians went to where some men were mowing, near Deep Creek, and ordered them away, but went off without molesting them further. They came back next morning, when four soldiers, who had secreted themselves in a wagon, fired on them, wounding two mortally. The others fled.

## InfoBox

| Battle of Egan Station | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the Indian Wars | |
| Date August 11, 1860  Location Schellbourne, Nevada  Result  U.S. victory | |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Stephen H. Weed | |
| Units involved | |
| 23 members of Company B, 4th U.S. Artillery
3 civilians | 80 Paiutes |
| Strength | |
| 30 | 80 |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 1 Died of wound
2 wounded | 3 killed
12 wounded |


title: Center (ring theory)

abstract: In algebra, the center of a ring R is the subring consisting of the elements x such that xy = yx for all elements y in R. It is a commutative ring and is denoted as Z(R); 'Z' stands for the German word Zentrum, meaning "center". If R is a ring, then R is an associative algebra over its center. Conversely, if R is an associative algebra over a commutative subring S, then S is a subring of the center of R, and if S happens to be the center of R, then the algebra R is called a central algebra.

text:
# Center (ring theory)

In algebra, the **center of a ring** *R* is the subring consisting of the elements *x* such that *xy* = *yx* for all elements *y* in *R*. It is a commutative ring and is denoted as Z(*R*); 'Z' stands for the German word *Zentrum*, meaning "center".

If *R* is a ring, then *R* is an associative algebra over its center. Conversely, if *R* is an associative algebra over a commutative subring *S*, then *S* is a subring of the center of *R*, and if *S* happens to be the center of *R*, then the algebra *R* is called a **central algebra**.

## Examples


title: Unity Ranger Station

abstract: The Unity Ranger Station is a United States Forest Service compound consisting of five buildings and a lookout tower in the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest of northeastern Oregon. It was previously the administrative headquarters for the Unity Ranger District. It is located in the small unincorporated community of Unity, Oregon. The historic structures were built in the rustic style by the Civilian Conservation Corps between 1936 and 1938. Today, the ranger station is only used during the summer months to house Forest Service fire crews. The ranger station is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

text:
# Unity Ranger Station

The **Unity Ranger Station** is a United States Forest Service compound consisting of five buildings and a lookout tower in the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest of northeastern Oregon. It was previously the administrative headquarters for the Unity Ranger District. It is located in the small unincorporated community of Unity, Oregon. The historic structures were built in the rustic style by the Civilian Conservation Corps between 1936 and 1938. Today, the ranger station is only used during the summer months to house Forest Service fire crews. The ranger station is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## History

In the early 20th century, the forest road networks were not well developed. To facilitate work in National Forests, the Forest Service built district ranger stations at strategic locations within the forest to house full-time employees and provide logistics support to fire patrols and project crews working in remote areas of the forest. After World War II, the Forest Service greatly expanded its road network, allowing employees to get to most forest areas within a few hours. As a result, many of the more isolated ranger stations were closed or converted to summer guard stations.

The Whitman National Forest was established in 1908. The Unity Ranger District was an administrative subdivision of the Whitman National Forest, with responsibility for 194,000 acres (790 km2) of forest land in the Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon. After the Forest Service reorganization in 1954, the Unity Ranger District became part of the much larger Wallowa-Whitman National Forest.

The Civilian Conservation Corps began doing construction work at the ranger station in 1936. Between 1936 and 1938, Civilian Conservation Corps crews built a number of ranger station buildings. The construction crews worked under the supervision of Forest Service rangers. All of the buildings constructed during that period were designed by the Forest Service's Pacific Northwest Regional Architecture Group, and were built in the Cascadian rustic style.

In 1953, two buildings were moved to the ranger station from the John Day Experiment Station, a Forest Service research site on the Blue Mountains. This gave the ranger station a second ranger residence and a bunkhouse. Both of the buildings were constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps under the supervision of Forest Service rangers at about the same time as the original ranger station structures. The two experiment station buildings have the same architectural characteristics as the original ranger station structures and were built using the same materials and methods.

The Unity Ranger Station served as a district headquarters until 2002, when the Unity district and two other ranger districts were merged and the headquarters was moved to Baker City, Oregon. However, a full-time visitor center remained open at the site until 2009. Today, the Unity Ranger Station is only open during the summer months, when the facilities are used to house Forest Service fire fighters.

There are six historically important structures that make up the ranger station complex. The historic buildings are all in excellent condition and are still used by Forest Service employees during the summer fire season. Because the Unity Ranger Station is of unique historic value as an early Forest Service ranger station, the compound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on 11 April 1986. All of the historic buildings are located in close proximity to one another so the historic district covers just 1-acre (4,000 m2).

## Structures

With six historic structures, the Unity Ranger Station is a classic Forest Service range station. All of the historic buildings were built by the Civilian Conservation Corps between 1936 and 1938. Their work included two ranger residences, a bunkhouse, an equipment warehouse, a garage, and a fire lookout tower. The buildings were constructed in the Cascadian rustic architectural style using a wood-frame structure on a concrete foundation with clapboard, wood shingles, native lava stone, and concrete as the principal building materials. Many of the gables and shutters have the "open pine tree" logo common to Forest Service structures built during the 1930s.

* The first ranger **residence (building #1051)** was built at the ranger station by the Civilian Conservation Corps. It is an L-shaped, one-story wood-frame building on a concrete foundation. It has a gabled roof with a hip extension on the east end. There are decorative pine tree logo cut outs on the north and west gable ends. The building's exterior is covered with clapboard except the gable ends which have vertical board and batten siding. There is a red lava stone chimney on the west side of the building. The roof extends out past the walls to cover porches on the north and east sides of the building. The porch roofs are supported by square timber posts. The residence has a combination of six-over-six double-hung sash windows and four-over-four double-hung sash windows. There have been no significant alterations to the exterior structure of the building.
* Near residence #1051, there is a small rectangular residential **garage**. It is a one-story wood-frame building on a poured concrete foundation. It has a gabled roof covered with wood shingles. The garage has horizontal lapped siding with vertical board and batten at the gable ends. An overhead-lift type vehicle-entry door is located on the west side of the building. There is also a regular entry door on the north. The garage's exterior siding was replaced in 1983 using the same kind of material as the original.
* The Unity Ranger Station **equipment warehouse** is a wood-frame structure, built at the site by the Civilian Conservation Corps. The foundation is concrete with a stone veneer. It has a wood-shingled gabled roof with a large projecting gable that gives the building an L-shape. There is a vehicle entrance below the projecting gable. There is a red lava stone chimney off-center on the south roof slope. The main roof extends out on the north side of the building to cover the porch. The porch roof is supported by square timber posts. The exterior siding is horizontal clapboard with vertical board and batten siding at the gable ends. Windows are the single-sash type. There is a decorative pine tree logo cut out just below the peak on the projecting gable.
* A second **residence (building #1052)** was built by the Civilian Conservation Corps at the John Day Experiment Station sometime between 1936 and 1938. It was moved to the ranger station in 1953. It is an L-shaped, 1+12-story wood-frame structure on a concrete foundation. It has a high gabled roof with larger gabled dormers on the south side (rear) of the structure. There is a large offset gable on the northeast corner and shed-type roof over the front porch which is located on the north side of the building. The porch roof is supported by round peeled-log posts. There is a brick chimney on the south side of the house and a concrete chimney on the north side. The exterior siding is horizontal clapboard with wooden corner trim and vertical board and batten siding at the gable ends. The residence has six-over-six double-hung sash windows. There are decorative pine tree logo cut outs just below the peak on the north, east, and west gable ends of the building.
* Like residence #1052, the **bunkhouse** was originally constructed at the John Day Experiment Station in the mid-1930s, and moved to the ranger station in 1953. The bunkhouse is a 1+12-story, rectangular building. It has a wood-frame, concrete foundation, and a high gabled roof with wooden-shingles. It has two large gable dormers on the front roof slope. There are also two cement chimneys that straddle the roof ridge. The exterior siding is horizontal clapboard with vertical board and batten siding at the gable ends. The bunkhouse has six-over-six double-hung sash windows. There are decorative pine tree logo cut outs just below the peak on the east and west gable ends of the building and at the crest of the two dormers.
* The Unity Ranger Station has a combined **fire lookout** and water tower located on the compound. The 60-foot (18 m) high, wooden tower was built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1938. The tower has a 7-foot (2.1 m) by 7-foot (2.1 m) cab mounted on a 12-foot (3.7 m) square deck with a catwalk enclosed by simple wooden railing. The windows have top-hinged, wooden shutters that help shade the cab when open. The tower is built with creosote treated Douglas-fir timbers. There is a wooden stairway leading up to the cab. There is a wooden water tank located just below the cab. The tower structure has never been modified so it remains true to its original design.

## Location

The Unity Ranger Station is located in the small unincorporated community of Unity, Oregon. Unity is in southwestern corner of Baker County, Oregon surrounded by the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest. Today, the historic ranger station is part of the Whitman Ranger District. The area of the Whitman Ranger District that used to be administered from the Unity Ranger Station is the southern part of the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest. The elevation at the ranger station is 4,038 feet (1,231 m) above sea level. The forest around the ranger station is dominated by large stands of Ponderosa pine.

Unity is 48 miles (77 km) southwest of Baker City on Oregon Route 245. John Day, Oregon, is 49 miles (79 km) west of Unity on U.S. Highway 26. Vale, Oregon, is 65 miles (105 km) southeast of Unity on U.S. 26. The historic Unity Ranger Station compound is on the south side of Main Street (U.S. 26) near the center of the Unity town site.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Unity Ranger Station | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| Unity Ranger Station bunkhouse, 1984 | |
|  | |
| Location | Wallowa-Whitman National Forest |
| Nearest city | Unity, Oregon, USA |
| Coordinates | 44°26′08″N 118°11′15″W / 44.43544°N 118.1874°W / 44.43544; -118.1874 |
| Built | 1936–1938 (1938) |
| Architect | U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Regional Architecture Group |
| Architectural style | Cascadian rustic |
| NRHP reference No. | 86000823 |
| Added to NRHP | 1986 |


title: Dillwynella aulacophora

abstract: Dillwynella aulacophora is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Skeneidae.

text:
# Dillwynella aulacophora

***Dillwynella aulacophora*** is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Skeneidae.

## Description

The height of the shell attains 4 mm, its diameter 5 mm. The rather small shell had a trochoid shape. The surface appears smooth and shiny. The depressed spire consists of four or five subangular whorls, equipped with a broad groove between the spiral obsolete angle and slightly protruding bead that comes in above the linear and deep suture. In the middle of this groove, there is a small furrow that marks its deepest point. Above the angle, the profile of the whorls is a slightly convex. The body whorl is equal to five-sixths of the total height simply striated. It is marked by oblique growth lines. The periphery is obtusely subangular, non keeled, but rather rounded. The base of the shell is slightly convex and smooth. The aperture is round. The peristome is discontinuous and thin, except in the columellar region that contains a callosity.

## Distribution

This marine species was found as a fossil in a coal mine near Mons in Belgium.

## InfoBox

| *Dillwynella aulacophora* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Original images of a shell of *Dillwynella aulacophora* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Vetigastropoda |
| Order: | Trochida |
| Superfamily: | Trochoidea |
| Family: | Skeneidae |
| Genus: | *Dillwynella* |
| Species: | ***D. aulacophora*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dillwynella aulacophora***<br>M. Cossmann, 1913 | |
|