title: Ellen Crawford

abstract: Ellen Ann Crawford is an American actress. She is known for her role as Nurse Lydia Wright on ER from 1994 through 2003 and then again in 2009 for the series finale. Crawford has also performed on stage, in A Touch of the Poet by Eugene O'Neill. Crawford also made a couple of guest appearances in 2010 in comedy-drama Desperate Housewives.

text:
# Ellen Crawford

**Ellen Ann Crawford** (born April 29, 1951) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Nurse Lydia Wright on *ER* from 1994 through 2003 and then again in 2009 for the series finale.

Crawford has also performed on stage, in *A Touch of the Poet* by Eugene O'Neill. Crawford also made a couple of guest appearances in 2010 in comedy-drama *Desperate Housewives*.

## Life and career

Crawford was born in Normal, Illinois, graduating from Carnegie Mellon University's college of Fine Arts in 1975. She is married to veteran character actor Mike Genovese. Art imitated life for the couple. On *ER*, Genovese portrayed officer Alfred Grabarsky, whom Nurse Wright wed during the show's third season.

Crawford previously performed on stage at the Utah Shakespeare Festival, in Cedar City, Utah, where she was Mrs Bennett in *Pride and Prejudice* and Miss Havisham in *Great Expectations*.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1982 | *Romance Theatre* | Liz | (5 episodes) |
| 1983 | *Three's Company* | Brenda McNair | ("Grandma Jack") |
| | *Newhart* | Mrs. Putnam | ("Animal Attractions") |
| 1984 | *Hill Street Blues* | Reporter | ("Ewe and Me, Babe") |
| | *Dynasty* | Woman at Phone | ("The Mortgage") |
| | *Teachers* | Social Worker |  |
| | *Murder, She Wrote* | Muriel | ("The Murder of Sherlock Holmes") |
| | *At Your Service* | Mrs. Anderson | TV movie |
| | *Best Defense* | Sonya, Dynatechnics |
| | *Riptide* | Cynthia | ("Double Your Pleasure") |
| | *AfterMASH* | Shelly Lucas | ("Up and Down Payments") |
| | *The Master* | Cannery Worker | ("State of the Union") |
| 1985 | *Stitches* | Miss Marshall |  |
| | *Otherworld* | Head Supervisor | ("Princess Metra") |
| 1986 | *The Art of Being Nick* | Depressed customer | TV movie |
| | *Picnic* | Olive | |
| 1987 | *Werewolf* | Marta | ("Nightmare at the Braine Hotel") |
| | *Night Court* | Leona Cowen/Davide | ("Safe") |
| | *Who's That Girl* |  |  |
| 1988 | *The Invisible Kid* | Teacher |  |
| | *The Bronx Zoo* | Mrs. Feeney | ("Truancy Blues") |
| | *Mr. Belvedere* | Claire | ("Heather's Monk") |
| 1989 | *The War of the Roses* | Nurse #1 |  |
| | *Thirtysomething* | Dr. Price | ("Payment Due") |
| 1990 | *The Giant of Thunder Mountain* | Agnes Macgruder |  |
| | *Who's the Boss?* | Professor Wallace | ("Who's Minding the Kid?") |
| | *China Beach* | Julie Martin | ("You, Babe") |
| | *Faith* | Beatrice |  |
| 1991 | *The Story Lady* | Rita | TV movie |
| | *Growing Pains* | Dr. Whiteside | ("Jason Sings the Blues") |
| | *The Whereabouts of Jenny* | Clerk |  |
| 1992 | *When No One Would Listen* | Judge Beckerman | TV movie |
| | *Ulterior Motives* | Elizabeth |  |
| | *Tales from the Crypt* | Dorothy Chalmers | ("Seance") |
| | *Baby Talk* | Diane | ("The Prince and the Pooper") |
| 1994 | *Where Are My Children?* |  | TV movie |
| | *Untamed Love* | Ellen | |
| | *Moment of Truth: Cradle of Conspiracy* | Lorna Gill | |
| | *ER* | Nurse Lydia Wright | (113 episodes) 1994 - 2003, 2009 |
| 1996 | *Diagnosis Murder* | Mrs. Underwood | ("X Marks the Murder: Part 1" and "Part 2") |
| | *Sister Island* | Esther Lynch |  |
| 1997 | *The Tony Danza Show* | Eugenia Cooper | ("Pilot") |
| 1998 | *Twice Upon a Time* | Peg Sager | TV movie |
| | *Soldier* | Ilona |  |
| 1999 | *Entropy* | Molly Gustke | short |
| 2000 | *7th Heaven* | Mrs. Pierce | 2000 - 01 ("Surprise!" and "One Hundred") |
| | *CSI: Crime Scene Investigation* | Lt. Jane Gribbs | scenes deleted ("Cool Change") |
| 2001 | *Escaping Jersey* | Lucy |  |
| | *Free* | Barbara Jenkins |  |
| | *Last Writes* |  | short |
| | *Harvey's Speech* | Anita |  |
| | *The Division* | Mrs. Wyle | ("Hide and Seek") |
| 2003 | *Remember* | Cheryl | short |
| 2005 | *Boston Legal* | Frances Stadler | ("The Black Widow" and "Schadenfreude") |
| 2006 | *Without a Trace* | Clinic Receptionist | ("Fade-Away") |
| 2007 | *The Man from Earth* | Edith |  |
| 2009 | *Mental* | Andrea Jennings | ("Life and Limb") |
| 2010 | *Desperate Housewives* | Iris Beckley | {"Chromolume No. 7" and "My Two Young Men") |
| 2012 | *Petunia* | Martha McDougal |  |
| | *Model Minority* | Nurse Alice Stanton |  |
| | *Grey's Anatomy* | Carrie Reisler | ("Have You Seen Me Lately?") |
| 2013 | *Angel's Perch* | Betsy |  |
| 2014 | *Blue Jay* | Sue | short |
| 2017 | *Suburbicon* | Eileen |  |
| | *Weekend Encounter* | Shirley | short |
| 2018 | *Boomers* | Ruth Sutton | (18 episodes) |
| 2022 | *Days of Our Lives* | Mother Superior |  |

1. "STT Interviews: Ellen Crawford & Mike Genovese". *Setting the Tone: An ER Retrospective*. Retrieved June 13, 2021. between the 52:19 - 52:29 minutes.
2. Reyes, Vanessa (2009-04-08). "Legendary Medical Drama 'ER' to Receive the Icon Award at the '2009 TV Land Awards' on Sunday, April 19th". *Viacom*. Archived from the original on 2019-12-03. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
3. Brennan, Patricia (1995-07-23). "NURSES OFFER A DOSE OF REALITY". *Washington Post*. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2019-12-03.
4. Kiel, Mark. "Yes, They Said That…Ellen Crawford". *The Peorian*. Retrieved 2019-12-03.
5. "Ellen Crawford - Rotten Tomatoes". *www.rottentomatoes.com*. Retrieved 2019-12-03.
6. "Ellen Crawford". *IMDb*. Retrieved 2019-12-03.

## InfoBox

| Ellen Crawford | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Ellen Ann Crawford
(1951-04-29) April 29, 1951
Normal, Illinois, U.S. |
| Other names | Ellen Genovese |
| Occupation | Television actress |
| Years active | 1975-present |
| Spouse(s) | Mike Genovese
(m. 1982) |
| Awards | TV Land Icon Award |


abstract: Ellenki College of Engineering and Technology, known as ECET was founded in the year 1999 and is located in Hyderabad, Telangana. The college is a Autonomous Institution affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad. The campus is located in the Hyderabad city suburbs near BHEL, Patancheru area. The campus is about 18 km (11 mi) from JNTU-Hyderabad University with its own transport facility connecting all major areas of Hyderabad.

text:
# Ellenki College of Engineering and Technology

**Ellenki College of Engineering and Technology**, known as ECET was founded in the year 1999 and is located in Hyderabad, Telangana. The college is a Autonomous Institution affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad. The campus is located in the Hyderabad city suburbs near BHEL, Patancheru area. The campus is about 18 km (11 mi) from JNTU-Hyderabad University with its own transport facility connecting all major areas of Hyderabad.

## Academics

### Undergraduate Departments

* Department of Computer Science and Engineering
* Department of Computer Science and Engineering - Data Science
* Department of Computer Science and Engineering - Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
* Department of Computer Science and Engineering - Cyber Security
* Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
* Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering
* Department of Mechanical Engineering
* Department of Civil Engineering

#### Diploma

* Computer Engineering
* Electronics and Communication engineering
* Electrical and Electronics engineering
* Civil Engineering

### Graduate Departments

#### MBA

* Master of Business Administration

#### M.Tech

* Computer Science and Engineering
* CAD/CAM
* Structural Engineering
* Power Electronics
* Embedded Systems

## InfoBox

Ellenki College of Engineering and Technology (UGC Autonomous)
| ఎల్లెంకి కాలేజ్ ఆఫ్ ఇంజినీరింగ్ అండ్ టెక్నోలజీ | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | Engineering college |
| Established | 1999 (1999) |
| Founder | Ellenki Sadasiva Reddy |
| Academic affiliation | Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad |
| Chairman | E. Sadasiva Reddy |
| Principal | P. John Paul |
| Director | M. Sambasiva Reddy (Retd. Chief Engineer, APTRANSCO) |
| Undergraduates | ~3400 |
| Address | Near BHEL, Patelguda, Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502319, India<br>17°32′46″N 78°16′56″E / 17.5462°N 78.2822°E / 17.5462; 78.2822 |
| Campus | Suburban |
| Colors | Orange & blue |
| Website | www.ellenkicet.ac.in |
| Location in TelanganaEllenki College of Engineering and Technology (India) | |


title: Trauma (1962 film)

abstract: Trauma is a 1962 American film directed by Robert M. Young and starring Lynn Bari and John Conte.

text:
# Trauma (1962 film)

***Trauma*** is a 1962 American film directed by Robert M. Young and starring Lynn Bari and John Conte.

## Plot

Eight years after her aunt Helen Garrison is killed, newlywed niece Emmaline and husband Warren return to the home where Helen died, where Emmaline tries to recall events from that fateful night that her mind has blacked out.

Suspicious figures lurk throughout the house, and even Warren ends up placed under arrest by treasury agents. It ultimately turns out that Luther, a caretaker, committed one murder years ago, then killed eyewitness Helen to ensure her silence.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

## InfoBox

| Trauma | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Robert M. Young |
| Written by | Robert M. Young |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring | Lynn Bari |
| Cinematography | Jacques R. Marquette |
| Edited by | Hal Dennis |
| Music by | Buddy Collette |
| Distributed by | Parade Releasing Organization |
| Release date | * 1962 (1962) |
| Running time | 93 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Tre Martelli

abstract:
Tre Martelli are an Italian folk and traditional music band. Since 1977, Tre Martelli has been developing its work on the study, recovery and popularization of the traditional musical culture of the region of Piemonte in northern Italy. The quality and accuracy of its field work, and the attention given to stylistic variations in the area, together with energy and creative maturity of the band's performances, have engendered enthusiastic audience response and critical acclaim, both at home and abroad. This has resulted in a huge increase in concerts and tours, not only in Italy but also in the most part of Europe. The band's recorded output has been unanimously acclaimed by specialist international critics writing in the world's foremost music publications.
The group had numerous appearances in some European national TV-channels such as RAI, BBC and others.

text:
# Tre Martelli

**Tre Martelli** are an Italian folk and traditional music band. Since 1977, Tre Martelli has been developing its work on the study, recovery and popularization of the traditional musical culture of the region of Piemonte in northern Italy.

The quality and accuracy of its field work, and the attention given to stylistic variations in the area, together with energy and creative maturity of the band's performances, have engendered enthusiastic audience response and critical acclaim, both at home and abroad. This has resulted in a huge increase in concerts and tours, not only in Italy but also in the most part of Europe. The band's recorded output has been unanimously acclaimed by specialist international critics writing in the world's foremost music publications. The group had numerous appearances in some European national TV-channels such as RAI, BBC and others.

## Discography

* 1978 *Danza di luglio* \- demotape
* 1982 *Trata Birata* – Trata Birata, CL001
* 1985 *Giacu Trus* – Pentagramma, LPPG 218
* 1987 *La Tempesta* – Trata Birata, TM 003
* 1991 *Brüze Carvè* – Trata Birata, TM 005
* 1995 *Omi e Paiz* – Robi Droli, rdc 5024
* 2000 *Car der Steili* – Felmay, 8023
* 2002 *Semper Viv* (antologia) – Felmay, 8048
* 2005 *Tra Cel e Tèra* – Felmay, 8097
* 2012 *Cantè 'r paròli – omaggio a Giovanni Rapetti* – Felmay, 8193
* 2014 Tre Martelli & Gianni Coscia *Ansema* – Felmay, 8219
* 2017 *40 gir 1977–2017* – Felmay, 8247
* 2021 *Concerto di Natale* – Felmay, 8279

## Anthology

* 1989 *Folkautore* – Madau dischi
* 1995 *Roots Music Atlas* – Robi Droli
* 1996 *Gente del Piemonte* – De Agostini
* 1997 *Roots Music Atlas – Italia 2* – Robi Droli
* 1997 *Musica popolare in Piemonte (1957–1997)* – Regione Piemonte
* 1998 *Tradizione popolare e linguaggio colto nell'Ottocento e Novecento piemontese* – Ass. Cult. Trata Birata
* 2001 *Isolafolk-Decennale* – Isolafolk
* 2002 *Feestival Gooik 1996–2001* – DKdisc
* 2002 *Capodanno celtico "Samonios" in musica* – Divo 00006
* 2002 *Omaggio al Piemonte vol.2* – Regione Piemonte
* 2002 *Tribù Italiche "Piemonte"* – WorldMusic 028
* 2003 *Italie:instruments de la musique populaire* – Buda Records
* 2003 *Tradicionarius 2003 XVI ediciò* Discmedi – Barcelona
* 2004 *Piemonte. Antologia della musica antica e moderna* – Dejavu Retro
* 2004 *Italia 3 – Atlante di musica tradizionale* – Dunya records
* 2005 *Piemonte World – The stars look very different today* – Regione Piemonte
* 2005 *Gong – Tradizioni in movimento* – Gong

## Bibliography

1987 – Livio Tesio *La riproposta della canzone tradizionale in Piemonte*
1990 – Giovanni Sisto *Alessandria una provincia diversa*
1995 – Franco Castelli *La danza contro il tiranno*
1996 – AAVV *The rough guide to world music*
1997 – Franco Lucà & Maurizio Martinotti *Musica popolare in Piemonte*
1998 – Michele L. Straniero *Antologia della canzone popolare piemontese tra settecento e novecento*
2002 – Ivo Franchi e Ezio Guaitamacchi *100 dischi ideali per capire la world music*
2003 – Luca Ferrari *Folk geneticamente modificato*
2003 – Ugo Boccassi & Franco Rangone *(IO) lui, gli altri e la musica<br>* 2005 – AAVV *80 anni di storia alessandrina*
2014 – AAVV (a cura di Noretta Nori) *Viaggio nella danza popolare in Italia*
2014 – Stefano Baldi *Le fonti musicali in Piemonte, IV volume,* Regione Piemonte
2020 – Maurizio Berselli *Storie folk, il folk revival nell'Italia settentrionale e centrale raccontato dai protagonisti,* Artestampa, 2020

## InfoBox

| Tre Martelli | |
| --- | --- |
| Tre Martelli 2016 | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Piedmont, Italy |
| Genres | Folk |
| Years active | 1977present |
| Labels | Felmay |
|  | |
| Website | www.tremartelli.it |


title: Elsa Raven

abstract: Elsa Rabinowitz, known professionally as Elsa Raven, was an American character actress, perhaps best known for her two years (1988–1990) on the sitcom Amen and playing the mother of Vincent Terranova on the TV series Wiseguy. Raven is also known for her small but memorable role in Back to the Future (1985) as the clock tower lady with her phrase "Save the clock tower!" while gathering local donations to preserve the clock, whose complimentary leaflet later proves invaluable in the past. She played Ida Straus in the 1997 film Titanic along with Lew Palter, who played Isidor Straus, and had a voice role in the 1981 animated film American Pop. Raven adhered to Judaism. Raven died on November 2, 2020, in Los Angeles, at the age of 91. Upon her death, she was cremated and her ashes returned to her family.

text:
# Elsa Raven

**Elsa Rabinowitz** (September 21, 1929 – November 2, 2020), known professionally as **Elsa Raven**, was an American character actress, perhaps best known for her two years (1988–1990) on the sitcom *Amen* and playing the mother of Vincent Terranova (Ken Wahl) on the TV series *Wiseguy*.

Raven is also known for her small but memorable role in *Back to the Future* (1985) as the clock tower lady with her phrase "Save the clock tower!" while gathering local donations to preserve the clock, whose complimentary leaflet later proves invaluable in the past. She played Ida Straus in the 1997 film *Titanic* along with Lew Palter, who played Isidor Straus, and had a voice role in the 1981 animated film *American Pop*.

Raven adhered to Judaism. Raven died on November 2, 2020, in Los Angeles, at the age of 91. Upon her death, she was cremated and her ashes returned to her family.

## Filmography

### Film appearances

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1970 | *The Honeymoon Killers* | Matron |  |
| 1971 | *Such Good Friends* | Transfusion donor nurse | Uncredited |
| | *The Gang That Couldn't Shoot Straight* | Mrs. Water Buffalo |  |
| | *Lady Liberty* | Policewoman | Uncredited |
| | *South of Hell Mountain* |  |  |
| 1972 | *A Fan's Notes* | Deborah |  |
| 1979 | *The Cracker Factory* | Tourist |  |
| | *The Amityville Horror* | Mrs. Townsend |  |
| 1980 | *Fatso* | Phil's Wife |  |
| 1981 | *American Pop* | Hannele | Voice |
| | *The Postman Always Rings Twice* | Matron |  |
| | *Paternity* | Pre-natal Nurse |  |
| 1983 | *Second Thoughts* | Large Nurse |  |
| | *Twilight Zone: The Movie* | Nurse No. 2 | Segment "Kick the Can" |
| 1985 | *Back to the Future* | Clocktower Lady |  |
| | *Creator* | Mrs. Mallory |  |
| 1988 | *The Moderns* | Gertrude Stein |  |
| 1991 | *Another You* | Volunteer |  |
| 1993 | *Indecent Proposal* | Citizenship Student |  |
| | *In the Line of Fire* | Booth's Landlady |  |
| | *Fearless* | Grey Haired Lady |  |
| 1995 | *One Night Stand* | Mrs. Salvatore |  |
| 1997 | *Titanic* | Ida Straus |  |
| 2001 | *Face to Face* | Grandma |  |
| 2002 | *The 4th Tenor* | Mama |  |
| 2005 | *The Mostly Unfabulous Social Life of Ethan Green* | Senior Lady |  |
| | *The Cutter* | Mrs. Rosen |  |
| | *Laying Down Arms* | Ester | Short movie |
| 2006 | *Miriam* | Aunt Levya |  |
| 2009 | *Dead Game* | Boogie | Short movie |
| 2011 | *They're with Me* | Great Great Grandma Fanny Feiner | Short movie |
| | *Answers to Nothing* | Mrs. Harrison |  |

### TV appearances

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1982 | Million Dollar Infield | Dr. Isabel Armen |  |
| 1978-1982 | Quincy, M.E. | Miss Beck, Miss Coroner Judge, Nurse Angela Davenport |  |
| 1983-1984 | The A-Team | Clara Dickerson, Dr. Marian Ericson |  |
| 1985 | Highway to Heaven | Ms. Zabenko |  |
| 1986 | Family Ties | Mildred Atkins |  |
| 1986 | General Hospital | Tessie |  |
| 1988 | Freddy's Nightmares | Mrs. Wildmon |  |
| 1989-1990 | Amen | Igna |  |
| 1987-1990 | Wiseguy | Carlotta Terranova Aiuppo |  |
| 1991 | Get a Life | Marta |  |
| 1992 | The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air | Ida Pollock |  |
| 1993 | Murphy Brown | Mrs. Kobolakis |  |
| 1993 | Sisters | Madam Sophie |  |
| 1994 | Seinfeld | Mom |  |
| 1999 | 3rd Rock from the Sun | Aunt Florence |  |
| 2004 | Everybody Loves Raymond | Mrs. Lopman |  |
| 2008 | ER | Rosemary Smalls |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Elsa Raven | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Elsa Rabinowitz
(1929-09-21)September 21, 1929
Charleston, South Carolina, U.S. |
| Died | November 2, 2020(2020-11-02) (aged 91)
Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 19612011 |


title: Elizabeth Peke Davis

abstract: Elizabeth Peke Davis (1803–1860) was a Hawaiian Kingdom high chiefess, being the hapa haole daughter of Isaac Davis, the Welsh advisor of Kamehameha I, who helped him unify the island in 1810. She was the wife of George Prince Kaumualiʻi, also known as Humehume.

text:
# Elizabeth Peke Davis

**Elizabeth Peke Davis** (1803–1860) was a Hawaiian Kingdom high chiefess, being the hapa haole daughter of Isaac Davis, the Welsh advisor of Kamehameha I, who helped him unify the island in 1810. She was the wife of George Prince Kaumualiʻi, also known as Humehume.

## Early life

Betty was born on February 12, 1803 or December 24, 1803, at Waimea, Hawaii Island. Her 45-year-old father, Isaac Davis from Milford Haven, Wales, known as ʻAikake by Hawaiians, was one of Kamehameha's closest friends and advisors. He was treated like nobility due to his service. He was given the title High Chief, and owned vast tracts of land. Her mother was the chiefess Kalukuna, a relative of Kamehameha I, and her father's second wife. She was given the name of Elizabeth and often referred to as Betty or *Peke*, the Hawaiian version of Betty. She was the youngest sister of Sarah "Kale" Kaniaulono Davis and George Hueu Davis.

Tragedy would strike her father in 1810. ʻAikake was poisoned by the chiefs who disliked the peaceful capitulation of the Kingdom of Kauaʻi, under King Kaumualiʻi, into a vassal state of King Kamehameha. After his death, his close companion, John Young, looked after Betty and her brother and sister. Two of them were living with him in 1807, and after Davis's murder Young continued to raise them along with his own five children James, her future-brother-in-law; Fanny, mother of Emma Rooke; Grace, *hānai* (foster) mother of Emma; John, future premier or kuhina nui; and Jane, mother of Peter Kaeo and Albert Kunuiakea, at his homestead at Kawaihae. In his will, dated 1834, Young divided his lands equally between all his and Davis's children.

## Marriages

Betty married twice. Her first marriage was to Humehume, known as George Prince Kaumualiʻi, the son of King Kaumualiʻi and a commoner. George was five years her senior and a veteran of the War of 1812. Due to her mother-in-law's status, George was not in line to follow the father as King or even vassal king of Kauaʻi. George was well educated, having been to New England for an education. Soon after arriving on The Thaddeus, he met and married Peke Davis. He called her his "rib". They sailed to Kauai to reunite with King Kaumualii. After the death of his father, Kauai was unstable. Many chiefs did not want to follow the new government under King Kamehameha. During the Rebellion of 1824, Humehume and others lost to the forces of Kamehameha. Humehume and Betty were caught and brought to Honolulu, where he died less than two years later from the flu. Betty was a widow at age 23. George and Betty had a son in early 1821, but the boy died in February 1823. Mercy Whitney described the burial: "A regular procession of two and two followed the corpse. Going into the fort in which the grave was dug seemed like entering a burying ground, more so than anything I have witnessed since I left America." The fort referred to was Paʻulaʻula o Hipo, a former heiau. The infant was part Hawaiian and part foreign, a veritable conjugation of blood and culture. Betty and George had another daughter in 1821, that was given to another chiefess because George had no desire for a girl. From the same journal it is noted that Peke gave birth on Nov 25, 1821 to a girl. This girl is said to be Kamakahai who had several surviving children. In 1824, another girl was born. The little girl was named Harriet Kaumualiʻi, following her father's surname. The name Kawahinekipi was given to her by Kaahumanu, while she was an infant in Oahu. She eventually married John Meek Jr., but died in 1843, childless. Kamakahai named her daughter, Hattie Kaumuali'i'kalani Kanaina, after her.

Betty's second marriage was to Antone Sylva, also known as Antonio Sylva (1807–1887), and this match was childless.

## Later life

American missionary Hiram Bingham described Betty in 1824: "Betty was more fair, of more European feature and slender make than most of her countrywomen at the age of 25 or 30; more taciturn, thoughtful, sedate, and retiring than others of equal rank and intelligence. She had derived some advantages from the instructions of the missionaries, and manifested some concern for her salvation. But her circumstances differed little from those of the wife of a petty chief of the lowest rank."

She died in 1860.

## InfoBox

| Elizabeth Peke Davis | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1803
Waimea, Hawaii Island |
| Died | 1860 |
| Spouse | Humehume
Antone Sylva |
| Issue | Harriet Kawahinekipi Kamakahai |
| Names  Elizabeth Peke Davis | |
| House | Kekaulike |
| Father | Isaac Davis Aikake |
| Mother | Kalukuna |


title: Elliott Castro

abstract: Elliott Castro Tirado was a Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico-born sports commentator, color commentator, sports historian and author. Castro was a commentator in major sports events in Puerto Rico as well as those related to Puerto Rican athletes such as the Olympics, the Pan American Games, and the Central American and Caribbean Games. Castro wrote several accounts of sports in Puerto Rico. One of them he co-authored with Carmen Lidin and is titled Listos!: Puerto Rico En El Deporte Internacional (1930–2004). On July 23, 2017, Elliott Castro Tirado died of a heart attack in Bayamón, Puerto Rico. The February (22–25) 2018 edition of the "Festival de Claridad", a festival produced by an independent, Puerto Rican independence advocating newspaper of the same name, was dedicated to him for his importance in the world of journalism.

text:
# Elliott Castro

**Elliott Castro Tirado** (February 17, 1949 – July 23, 2017) was a Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico-born sports commentator, color commentator, sports historian and author. Castro was a commentator in major sports events in Puerto Rico as well as those related to Puerto Rican athletes such as the Olympics, the Pan American Games, and the Central American and Caribbean Games.

Castro wrote several accounts of sports in Puerto Rico. One of them he co-authored with Carmen Lidin and is titled *Listos!: Puerto Rico En El Deporte Internacional (1930–2004)* (English: Ready!: Puerto Rico in International Sports (1930–2004)).

On July 23, 2017, Elliott Castro Tirado died of a heart attack in Bayamón, Puerto Rico. The February (22–25) 2018 edition of the "Festival de Claridad", a festival produced by an independent, Puerto Rican independence advocating newspaper of the same name, was dedicated to him for his importance in the world of journalism.


title: Elvar Gunnarsson

abstract: Elvar Gunnarsson is an Icelandic film director and screenwriter. Elvar was in the band XXX Rottweilerhundar; he graduated from the Icelandic Film School in 2005, and started working there after graduation. Elvar directed the 2021 film It Hatched, which won the award for Best International Film at the Midwest Weirdfest.

text:
# Elvar Gunnarsson

**Elvar Gunnarsson** (born 16 July 1982) is an Icelandic film director and screenwriter. Elvar was in the band XXX Rottweilerhundar; he graduated from the Icelandic Film School in 2005, and started working there after graduation.

Elvar directed the 2021 film *It Hatched*, which won the award for Best International Film at the Midwest Weirdfest.

## Filmography

## InfoBox

| Elvar Gunnarsson | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1982-07-16) 16 July 1982 |
| Occupations | * film director * screenwriter |


title: Tricharia vainioi

abstract: Tricharia vainioi is a species of foliicolous lichen in the family Gomphillaceae. It is widely distributed, having been recorded in Africa, Asia, Australia, Central and South America.

text:
# Tricharia vainioi

***Tricharia vainioi*** is a species of foliicolous lichen in the family Gomphillaceae. It is widely distributed, having been recorded in Africa, Asia, Australia, Central and South America.

## Taxonomy

The lichen was first formally described by Swedish lichenologist Rolf Santesson in 1952. The specific epithet honours Finnish lichenologist Edvard Vainio.

## Description

*Tricharia vainioi* has sessile, dark brown apothecia that are either slightly constricted at the base or not at all. Its ascospores measure 32–54 by 15–28 μm.

## Habitat and distribution

In Asia, the lichen has been recorded from Taiwan, in Nantou County and Pingtung County. In these locations, the lichen was growing on either *Alpinia speciosa*, *Asplenium nidus*, or *Diospyros*. In China, it has been found at the Tropical Botanical Garden in Mengla County. In Venezuela, it has been collected in a montane forest at an altitude of 1,700 m (5,600 ft). In 2002, it was reported from the first time from Kenya, in Kwale County. *Tricharia vainioi* is also found in Australia.

In Costa Rica, *Tricharia vainioi* was one of 23 species of lichens found growing mainly on the pronotum, but also on the forewings of the shield mantis species *Choeradodis rhombicollis* and *Choeradodis rhomboidea*. The degree of lichen colonisation is more pronounced in females, who have a longer lifespan (2 years versus 1 year in males).

## InfoBox

| *Tricharia vainioi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Graphidales |
| Family: | Gomphillaceae |
| Genus: | *Tricharia* |
| Species: | ***T. vainioi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tricharia vainioi***<br>R.Sant. (1952) | |
|


title: Trebanog F.C.

abstract: Trebanog Football Club was a Welsh football team based in Porth, Wales. They played in the South Wales Alliance League First Division, which is in the fifth tier of the Welsh football league system.

text:
# Trebanog F.C.

**Trebanog Football Club** was a Welsh football team based in Porth, Wales. They played in the South Wales Alliance League First Division, which is in the fifth tier of the Welsh football league system.

## History

The club was established in 2013 by Dean Gill, Dean Lewis and Dylan Lewis, out of the reserves of AFC Porth, and initially played in the Rhondda & District League. They won the League twice, the Lucania Cup twice, and the South Wales Intermediate Cup. They gained promotion to the South Wales Alliance League in the 2016–17 season, finishing as runners-up and gaining another promotion to Division One. In the 2017–18 season they finished third in Division One, gaining another promotion to the Premier Division.

In May 2023 the club confirmed that they had withdrawn from the senior Welsh football system, and would instead concentrate on supporting the club's junior sides.

## Honours

## InfoBox

Trebanog
| Full name | Trebanog Football Club |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 2013 |
| Ground | Trebanog Field |
| Manager | Rhys Hughes |
| 2022–23 | South Wales Alliance Premier, (club resigned) |


title: Trebaruna

abstract: Trebaruna, also Treborunnis and possibly *Trebarunu, was a Lusitanian deity, probably a goddess. Trebaruna's cult was located in the cultural area of Gallaecia and Lusitania.

text:
# Trebaruna

**Trebaruna**, also *Treborunnis* and possibly *\*Trebarunu*, was a Lusitanian deity, probably a goddess. Trebaruna's cult was located in the cultural area of Gallaecia and Lusitania (in the territory of modern Galicia (Spain) and Portugal).

## Names

Her name also appears as *Trebarune*, *Trebaronna*, *Trebarone*, *Trebaronne* and *Trebaroni*.

Spanish historian José María Blázquez Martínez also lists the following name attestations for the deity:

### Etymology

Her name could be derived from the Celtic **trebo* ('home') and **runa* ('secret, mystery'). Spanish philologist Antonio Tovar suggested that, like the first part of name *Trebopala*, this goddess could have been connected to the community. Jürgen Untermann states that the names of this deity are found in the dative case, suggesting a nominative form like *\*Trebaru* or *\*Trebaro*.

## Epigraphic evidence

Tovar listed three inscriptions wherein their name is attested: one from Idanha-a-Velha, a second from Coria and the third from Lardosa.

Two small altars dedicated to this goddess were found in Portugal, one in Roman-Lusitanian Egitania (current Idanha-a-Velha) and another in Lardosa. The Tavares Proença Regional Museum in Castelo Branco now contains the altar from Lardosa. It was located in an area where the people from a Castro settlement founded a Roman-Lusitanian villa. This altar used to hold a statue of the goddess which has since been lost. Nevertheless, it still preserves this inscription: *TREBARONNE V(otum) S(Olvit) OCONUS OCONIS f(ilius)* which translates as: *Oconus, son of Oco, has fulfilled the vow to Trebaruna.*

A name *Trebarune* (probably in the dative case) also appears on the inscription of Cabeço das Fráguas as a divinity receiving a sacrifice of a sheep.

In an inscription from Fundão in Portugal, a deity *Trebarune* is invoked by a Toncius Toncetani:

*Ara(m) pos(uit) Toncius Toncetani f(ilius) Icaedit(anus) milis Trebarun(a)e l(ibens) m(erito) v(otum) s(olvit)*

José d'Encarnação lists an inscription from the Roman villa of Freiria (Cascais) (found on August 27, 1985), where a *Triborunnis* is invoked - a possible reference to this deity. The component *Tribo-* he interprets as cognate to PIE **treb-*.

A more recent inscription from Capera is a dedicatory epigraphy by a person named Marcus Fidius to *Augusta Trebaruna*.

## Possible role

José Leite de Vasconcellos suggested that *Trebaruna* was a war goddess, since he found a second votive altar by the same person (Toncius Toncetami), dedicated to Roman goddess Victoria.

Based on a possible etymology of her name, it seems she was a protector or protectress of property, home, and families. In the same vein, Olivares Pedreños cited positions by d'Arbois de Jubainville and Lambrino that interpret her as a protectress of the group or tribe.

## Legacy

Following the announcement in 1895 by José Leite de Vasconcelos of the discovery of *Trebaruna* as a new theonym, a poem celebrating this was published which likened Trebaruna to the Roman Victoria. She has recently become, among neopagans, a goddess of battles and alliances. The Portuguese metal-band Moonspell composed a song called "Trebaruna" which is a celebration of the goddess.

## Bibliography

## Further reading


title: Boxford, Missouri

abstract: Boxford is an extinct town in DeKalb County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community was on the east bank of the Third Fork Platte River approximately three miles northwest of Clarksdale and about one-half mile from the DeKalb - Andrew county line. A post office was established in 1854, and remained in operation until 1902. The community was supposed to be named Oxford; a postal error accounts for the error in spelling, which was never corrected.

text:
# Boxford, Missouri

**Boxford** is an extinct town in DeKalb County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

The community was on the east bank of the Third Fork Platte River approximately three miles northwest of Clarksdale and about one-half mile from the DeKalb - Andrew county line.

A post office was established in 1854, and remained in operation until 1902. The community was supposed to be named Oxford; a postal error accounts for the error in spelling, which was never corrected.

39°50′54″N 94°35′19″W / 39.8483293°N 94.588569°W / 39.8483293; -94.588569


abstract: Coimbatore District Small Industries Association (CODISSIA) (Tamil:கோயம்புத்தூர் மாவட்ட சிறு தொழிலார்கள் சங்கம்) is an Indian trade organization based in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. It is affiliated to Tamil Nadu Small and Tiny Industries Association (TANSTIA). It is the largest district association of small industries in India with more than two thousand members. The organization plays a major role in the development of industries in the region and also helps industries with government rules and norms. CODISSIA has pushed for the establishment of more public sector units in Coimbatore.

text:
# Coimbatore District Small Industries Association

**Coimbatore District Small Industries Association (CODISSIA)** **(Tamil:கோயம்புத்தூர் மாவட்ட சிறு தொழிலார்கள் சங்கம்)** is an Indian trade organization based in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. It is affiliated to Tamil Nadu Small and Tiny Industries Association (TANSTIA). It is the largest district association of small industries in India with more than two thousand members. The organization plays a major role in the development of industries in the region and also helps industries with government rules and norms. CODISSIA has pushed for the establishment of more public sector units in Coimbatore.

## History

CODISSIA was established in 1969 with 40 members under the Tamil Nadu Societies Registration Act. In 1972, the organization participated in trade fair at Delhi. CODISSIA organized its first vendor exhibition in association with Integral Coach Factory, Chennai. In 1973, CODISSIA bulletin, a fortnightly journal was started. In 1974, P. C. Alexander, then Development Commissioner (SSI), the Government of India inaugurated an exhibition of railway and telecommunication parts conducted by CODISSIA.

## CODISSIA complex

CODISSIA Trade Fair Complex is an industrial and exhibition venue in Coimbatore run by CODISSIA. It was constructed in a record time of 155 days in 1999 and has been certified as a World Record holder in the Limca Book of Records as having Asia’s largest pillar free hall. The complex regularly hosts trade fairs and industrial exhibitions. The organization plans to establish an industrial estate on the outskirts of Coimbatore. CODISSIA has signed an agreement with the Government of Tamil Nadu during the Global Investors 2015 to establish two industrial parks in Coimbatore.

## Exhibitions and trade fairs

CODISSIA organizes Agri Intex, an annual agricultural trade fair to promote agriculture and allied industries. The 21st edition was organized in 2023 which included participants from over 10 countries. INTEC is an industrial trade fair organized every year since 1999. SubCon and BuildTech are other fairs that are organized by CODISSIA. It has also organized a renewable energy fair Elektrotec since 2014 for promoting products related to renewable energy production.

## InfoBox

Coimbatore District Small Industries Association
கோயம்புத்தூர் மாவட்ட சிறு தொழிலார்கள் சங்கம்
| Abbreviation | CODISSIA |
| --- | --- |
| Formation | 1969 |
| Type | trade organization |
| Headquarters | Coimbatore, India |
| President | M. KarthiKeyan |
| Website | www.codissia.com |


title: Freezing Point (magazine)

abstract: Freezing Point was a news journal in the People's Republic of China which was the subject of controversy over its criticism of Communist Party officials and the sympathetic ear it lent to a Chinese historian who had criticized official history textbooks.

text:
# Freezing Point (magazine)

***Freezing Point*** (Chinese: 冰点, Bīngdiǎn) was a news journal in the People's Republic of China which was the subject of controversy over its criticism of Communist Party officials and the sympathetic ear it lent to a Chinese historian who had criticized official history textbooks.

## History and profile

*Freezing Point* was started in 1995 as a one-page publication and was expanded into a weekly magazine in 2004. A weekly supplement to *China Youth Daily*, it was temporarily closed down by officials 24 January 2006, but was allowed to reopen in March that year, though without its former editor Li Datong and without Taiwan-based columnist Lung Yingtai.

The official reason for the January 2006 shutdown of *Freezing Point* was an article by history professor Yuan Weishi of Sun Yat-sen University. The article dissented from the official view of the Boxer Rebellion.


title: Robert Philp

abstract: Sir Robert Philp, was a Queensland businessman and politician who was Premier of Queensland from December 1899 to September 1903 and again from November 1907 to February 1908.

text:
# Robert Philp

**Sir Robert Philp**, KCMG (28 December 1851 – 17 June 1922) was a Queensland businessman and politician who was Premier of Queensland from December 1899 to September 1903 and again from November 1907 to February 1908.

## Early life

Philp was born in Glasgow, Scotland, the second son of John Philp, a lime-kiln operator, and Mary Ann Philp (*née* Wylie). He emigrated to Brisbane with his parents and siblings in 1862, where his father took a lease on the municipal baths, and later became involved in the cattle and sugar industries. Philp was educated at the National (Normal) School until 1863 when he started work at Bright Bros & Co shipping company, before moving to Townsville in 1874 to take up the position of junior partner in the trading company Burns, Philp and Company.

Burns, Philp & Co acted as agents and provisioners for the sugar cane and pastoral industries that sustained Northern Queensland, and Philp served as manager of the Townsville office. Beginning in 1881, Philp diverted some of the company's vessels to the labour trade, recruiting South Pacific Islanders (known as Kanakas) to work as indentured labourers on the canefields, despite the reservations of his business partner James Burns. A royal commission into recruiting practices in 1885 coincided with a downturn in the sugar industry, and as a result the company's vessels were returned to other commercial operations. While this affair had been profitable for Burns, Philp, it did not contribute significantly to later commercial success, although it would not be Philp's last interest in the South Pacific labour trade.

Despite the success of Burns, Philp & Co, Philp made some poor personal investments, such as his loss of £5000 on the "Comet" mine. Like many others he was affected by the economic depression of the 1890s, borrowing £20,000 to purchase property in Brisbane which three years later was valued at only £16,230. He also owed considerable sums of money to the North Queensland Mortgage & Investment Co., as well as holding a £5000 mortgage with respect to other properties. Although Burns tried to assist him, Philp was forced to sell his shares in Burns, Philp & Co in 1893, and was still in financial difficulty as late as 1898, although by this stage he had restricted his business ventures to more conservative investments.

When the business-friendly McIlwraith government lost office in 1883 it was succeeded by the Liberal government of Samuel Griffith that sought to end the trade in Kanakas. As a prominent businessman who had served several times on the local council Philp was active in bankrolling and supporting candidates in opposition to Griffith. He supported the growing movement for the separation of North Queensland from the rest of the colony.

## Early parliamentary career

Philp entered the Legislative Assembly of Queensland in 1886 as Member for Musgrave. He supported the North Queensland separatists in their unsuccessful attempts to gain independence, but spent most of his early parliamentary career preoccupied with his business affairs. His seat of Musgrave was abolished and in 1888 he was successfully returned as one of the two members for the electorate of Townsville. His parliamentary activity was mainly in support of North Queensland and his business interests – extending railway links to North Queensland, and the abolition of import tariffs. When the import of Pacific islanders was temporarily halted in 1892 Philp was instrumental in securing its resumption.

## Premier and opposition leader

Philp was a prolific speculator and in 1893 he was forced by debt to resign from the board of directors of Burns, Philp. In May of the same year McIlwraith, now governing in coalition with Griffith in what was known as the "Continuous Ministry", appointed Philp as Minister for Mines. He held several other ministerial posts, such as Public Instruction, Railways, Public Works and Treasurer until 1899. when the Continuous Ministry was briefly unseated by the Labor government of Anderson Dawson. Philp was an able administrator. He codified mining regulations and encouraged the private development of railways throughout the colony. The railway construction process was alleged to be corrupt by the Labor members, and after narrowly winning a vote of confidence in November 1899 James Dickson resigned as Premier. Dawson's government lasted a week before losing Parliamentary support and Philp, despite his protestations in support of Dickson, was chosen as Premier by his colleagues.

The Australian colonies federated in 1901 and the new prime minister Edmund Barton immediately ended the trade in Kanakas. By this stage Queensland was severely depleted in revenue, and Federation exacerbated this situation by depriving Queensland of excise and customs funds. Despite a severe drought and the dire state of the state's finances, Philp was re-elected in 1902. Discontent brewed among Ministerialists who were bitter at missing out on Cabinet positions, and in August 1903 Digby Denham crossed the floor with supporters to bring down the government and form a coalition led by Arthur Morgan.

Philp, with his genial nature, was ill-suited to the position of Opposition Leader, and showed little enthusiasm in attacking the new government. Morgan briefly lost control of the Legislative Assembly in 1904 and Philp was called upon by Governor Sir Herbert Chermside to form a ministry, but could not secure sufficient support from among his colleagues. The end result was a dissolution of Parliament and a solid defeat of the Opposition. Philp resumed his position as Leader and his conciliatory treatment of the government continued when fellow Scot William Kidston became Premier. Philp cultivated good relations with Kidston and helped foster the increasing gap between Kidston and the Labor movement.

Philp's party was again unsuccessful in the elections of 1907. Kidston was encountering difficulties in securing the passage of his legislation through the intransigent Legislative Council and after Lord Chelmsford as Governor refused Kidston's request to appoint sufficient new councillors so as to give Kidston a majority, he resigned in November. Lord Chelmsford commissioned Philp as Premier, but, unable to entice any of Kidston's supporters to his cause, he remained without a majority in the Legislative Assembly, which promptly blocked supply. Over Kidston's protests, Lord Chelmsford guaranteed supply through the issuing of writs and then dissolved the Assembly, but Philp failed to win the subsequent election.

In 1908 Kidston, alienated from the Labor party, relied on Philp's support to pass legislation approving construction of private railways. By October the two leaders had sufficient in common that they negotiated a merger of their two parties, ending Philp's career as opposition leader.

## Later life

Philp remained in parliament, and also returned to tending his business interests. He enjoyed the status that his long parliamentary career gave him and participated in the foundation of the University of Queensland in 1912. He was a member of the University's first Senate, and its representative at a conference of universities in Glasgow in 1912. Philp lost his seat by a small margin in the Labor landslide of 1915 but remained active in politics, campaigning for the conscription referendums of the First World War and leading the resistance to the abolition of the Legislative Council. In 1920 he led a delegation to London which thwarted Premier Ted Theodore's attempts to gain loans from London financiers to fund government expenditure.

On 17 June 1922 he died in Brisbane and was buried at Toowong Cemetery.

## Family

Philp married Jessie Banister Campbell (daughter of prominent Brisbane businessman James Campbell) in 1878; she died in 1890. In 1898 he married Wilhelmina Fraser Munro; she died in 1940

## Further reading

* Bolton, G C. Robert Philp: Capitalist as Politician. In Murphy D, Joyce R, Cribb M, and Wear, R (Ed.), *The Premiers of Queensland* pp. 1–29. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press. ISBN 0-7022-3173-8.
* Bolton, Geoffrey (2009), "Why is Robert Philp worth remembering?" (PDF), *Sir Robert Philp Lecture Series : selected lectures on North Queensland history from the CityLibraries*, Townsville City Council, pp. 8–19, ISBN 978-0-9807305-2-4, archived (PDF) from the original on 14 June 2020

## InfoBox

| The HonourableSir Robert PhilpKCMG | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 15th Premier of Queensland | |
| **In office**
7 December 1899  17 September 1903 | |
| Preceded by | Anderson Dawson |
| Succeeded by | Arthur Morgan |
| Constituency | Townsville |
| **In office**
19 November 1907  18 February 1908 | |
| Preceded by | William Kidston |
| Succeeded by | William Kidston |
| Constituency | Townsville |
| 18th Treasurer of Queensland | |
| **In office**
2 March 1898  1 December 1899 | |
| Preceded by | Hugh Nelson |
| Succeeded by | William Kidston |
| Constituency | Townsville |
| **In office**
7 December 1899  1 February 1901 | |
| Preceded by | William Kidston |
| Succeeded by | Thomas Bridson Cribb |
| Constituency | Townsville |
| **In office**
19 November 1907  18 February 1908 | |
| Preceded by | William Kidston |
| Succeeded by | Peter Airey |
| Constituency | Townsville |
| Leader of the Opposition of Queensland | |
| **In office**
1 December 1899  7 December 1899 | |
| Preceded by | Anderson Dawson |
| Succeeded by | Anderson Dawson |
| **In office**
17 September 1903  28 June 1904 | |
| Preceded by | Billy Browne |
| Succeeded by | Arthur Rutledge |
| **In office**
19 September 1904  19 November 1907 | |
| Preceded by | Arthur Rutledge |
| Succeeded by | William Kidston |
| **In office**
15 February 1908  29 October 1908 | |
| Preceded by | William Kidston |
| Succeeded by | David Bowman |
| Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
for Musgrave | |
| **In office**
5 January 1886  9 May 1888 | |
| Preceded by | New seat |
| Succeeded by | William O'Connell |
| Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
for Townsville | |
| **In office**
12 May 1888  22 May 1915Serving with William Brown, George Burns, Anthony Ogden, William Castling, Patrick Hanran, Thomas Foley | |
| Preceded by | William Villiers Brown |
| Succeeded by | Daniel Ryan |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1851-12-28)28 December 1851
Glasgow, Scotland, UK |
| Died | 17 July 1922(1922-07-17) (aged 70)
Brisbane, Queensland, Australia |
| Resting place | Toowong Cemetery |
| Political party | Ministerialist |
|  | |


title: Thornton, Queensland

abstract: Thornton is a rural locality in the Lockyer Valley Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Thornton had a population of 214 people.

text:
# Thornton, Queensland

**Thornton** is a rural locality in the Lockyer Valley Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Thornton had a population of 214 people.

## Geography

Thornton is a mountainous area. It is bounded to the west by the ridge of the Mistake Mountains range and to the east by the ridge of the Little Liverpool Range. Laidley Creek passes through the valley from south to north between the two mountain ranges.

Mount Zahel is in the south-west of the locality (27°48′35″S 152°19′39″E / 27.8097°S 152.3274°E / -27.8097; 152.3274 (Mount Zahel)) near the Mistake Mountains. It is 880 metres (2,890 ft) above sea level. Mount Cooper is in the north of the location (27°46′45″S 152°20′24″E / 27.7791°S 152.34°E / -27.7791; 152.34 (Mount Cooper)). It is 880 metres (2,890 ft) above sea level. Laidley Gap is a pass through the Mistake Mountains (27°49′55″S 152°18′56″E / 27.8320°S 152.3156°E / -27.8320; 152.3156 (Laidley Gap)). The name is derived from Laidley Plain, which was named on 22 June 1829 after James Laidley by explorer Allan Cunningham.

Mount Beau Brummell is in the east of the locality (27°48′15″S 152°23′56″E / 27.8042°S 152.3989°E / -27.8042; 152.3989 (Mount Beau Brummell)) within the Little Liverpool Range. It is 718 metres (2,356 ft) above sea level. Edwards Gap is a pass through the Little Liverpool Range (27°46′10″S 152°23′20″E / 27.7695°S 152.3890°E / -27.7695; 152.3890 (Edwards Gap))

## History

Thornton Provisional School opened on 11 October 1881 by its first principal W.J. Mitchell. It became Thornton State School on 1 April 1890.

Thornton Primitive Methodist Church opened on 24 May 1885. It was built on 0.5 acres (0.20 ha) of land donated by Mr W.H. Hodges. In October 1952, memorial gates were dedicated to Joseph Cook who died on active service, a tribute from his mother Mrs Eliza Cook and the church trustees.

St George's Anglican Church was dedicated on Thursday 8 February 1906 by Archdeacon Arthur Rivers. The church was an ornate wooden building, 30 by 20 feet (9.1 by 6.1 m). Its closure on 3 May 2005 was approved by Assistant Bishop Rob Nolan.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Thornton had a population of 201 people.

In the 2021 census, Thornton had a population of 214 people.

## Education

Thornton State School is a government co-educational primary school (P-6) at 4 Thornton School Road. In 2016, the school had an enrolment of 22 students with 3 teachers (2 full-time equivalent) and 5 non-teaching staff (2 full-time equivalent).

There is no secondary school in Thornton. The nearest secondary school is Laidley State High School in Laidley.

## Further reading

Media related to Thornton, Queensland at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Thornton
Queensland | |
| --- | --- |
| Thornton | |
| Coordinates | 27°47′57″S 152°21′09″E / 27.7991°S 152.3525°E / -27.7991; 152.3525 (Thornton (centre of locality)) |
| Population | 214 (2021 census) |
| • Density | 2.262/km2 (5.859/sq mi) |
| Postcode(s) | 4341 |
| Area | 94.6 km2 (36.5 sq mi) |
| Time zone | AEST (UTC+10:00) |
| LGA(s) | Lockyer Valley Region |
| State electorate(s) | Lockyer |
| Federal division(s) |  |
| **Suburbs around Thornton:**  Ingoldsby Mount Berryman Mulgowie  Lefthand Branch Thornton Mount Mort  Lefthand Branch Townson Mount Mort | |


title: Spokane Jets

abstract: The Spokane Jets were a senior men's ice hockey team that played out of Spokane, Washington. They played in the Western International Hockey League (WIHL) from 1963–64 through 1973–74. Prior to 1963 the Spokane Flyers were the city's entry in the WIHL. The Spokane Jets were renamed the Flyers in 1974. In 1969–70, the Spokane Jets became the first United States–based team to win the Allan Cup.

text:
# Spokane Jets

The **Spokane Jets** were a senior men's ice hockey team that played out of Spokane, Washington. They played in the Western International Hockey League (WIHL) from 1963–64 through 1973–74.

Prior to 1963 the Spokane Flyers were the city's entry in the WIHL. The Spokane Jets were renamed the Flyers in 1974.

In 1969–70, the Spokane Jets became the first United States–based team to win the Allan Cup.

## Championships

* 1967-68, WIHL title and the British Columbia senior championship
* 1968-69, WIHL title and the British Columbia senior championship
* 1969-70, WIHL title and the British Columbia senior championship
* 1969-70, Allan Cup
* 1971-72, WIHL title and the British Columbia senior championship
* 1971-72, Allan Cup
* 1972-73, WIHL title and the British Columbia senior championship

*As of this edit, this article uses content from* "Spokane Jets"*, which is licensed in a way that permits reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, but not under the GFDL. All relevant terms must be followed.*

## InfoBox

| Spokane Jets | |
| --- | --- |
| City | Spokane, Washington |
| League | Western International Hockey League |
| Operated | 1963–74 |
| Home arena | Spokane Coliseum |
| Colours | Blue, red and white |
| Franchise history | |
| 1963–1974 | Spokane Jets |
| 1974–1980 | Spokane Flyers |
| Championships | |
| Playoff championships | 1968, 1969, 1970, 1972, 1974 |


title: Primary olfactory cortex

abstract: The primary olfactory cortex (POC) is a portion of the cerebral cortex. It is found in the inferior part of the temporal lobe of the brain. It receives input from the olfactory tract. It is involved in the sense of smell (olfaction).

text:
# Primary olfactory cortex

The **primary olfactory cortex** (**POC**) is a portion of the cerebral cortex. It is found in the inferior part of the temporal lobe of the brain. It receives input from the olfactory tract. It is involved in the sense of smell (olfaction).

## Structure

The primary olfactory cortex is in the inferior part of the temporal lobe of the brain. It involves the anterior olfactory nucleus, the piriform cortex, the olfactory tubercle, part of the amygdala, part of the entorhinal cortex, and the periamygdaloid cortex. Some sources state that it also includes the prepyriform area.

The primary olfactory cortex receives fibres from the olfactory tract. It receives input from mitral cells and tufted cells. These cells do not pass through the thalamus. The primary olfactory cortex then sends fibres to the hippocampus, thalamus, and the hypothalamus.

## Function

The primary olfactory cortex is involved in the sense of smell (olfaction).

## InfoBox

| Primary olfactory cortex | |
| --- | --- |
| Details | |
| System | Olfactory system |
| Location | Inferior temporal lobe |
| Parts | Anterior olfactory nucleus, piriform cortex, olfactory tubercle, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, periamygdaloid cortex |
| Function | Sense of smell |
| Identifiers | |
| NeuroLex ID | birnlex\_2706 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy | |


title: Blake Evans

abstract: Blake Evans is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre, who last played for Kyle Elks in the SVHL.

text:
# Blake Evans

**Blake Evans** (born July 2, 1980) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre, who last played for Kyle Elks in the SVHL.

## Draft

Born in Kindersley, Saskatchewan, Evans was drafted 251st overall by the Washington Capitals in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft but never played in the National Hockey League.

## Career

### Early career

He started his career with the WHL team Spokane Chiefs in 1996. After one and a half season, he was traded to the Tri-City Americans (also in the WHL) along with Regan Darby for Zenith Komarniski on 6 October 1997.

On 8 January 2001, he got traded to Regina Pats (WHL) along with Jeff Feniak for Shawn Belle, Joey Bastien, Justin Lucyshyn and future considerations. He made the WHL East Second All-Star Team the same year. A few months after he was re-signed as a free agent by the St. Louis Blues on 11 April 2001, and assigned to the Worcester IceCats and later the Peoria Rivermen.

### Moving abroad

On 30 August 2006, he was signed as a free agent by the Milano Vipers of the Italian Serie A.

On 20 May 2008, he joined former team mate Regan Kelly in the Norwegian club Vålerenga.

## Awards and honors

| Award | Year |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| WHL | | |
| East Second Team All-Star | 2001 |  |

## InfoBox

| Blake Evans | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Evans with the Worcester IceCats during the 2004-05 season | | | |
| Born | (1980-07-02) July 2, 1980
Kindersley, Saskatchewan, Canada | | |
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (183 cm) | | |
| Weight | 202 lb (92 kg; 14 st 6 lb) | | |
| Position | Centre | | |
| Shot | Left | | |
| Played for | Peoria Rivermen (ECHL)
Worcester IceCats (AHL)
Peoria Rivermen (AHL)
Milano Vipers (Serie A)
Vålerenga (GET)
Sparta Warriors (GET) | | |
| NHL draft | 251st overall, 1998
Washington Capitals | | |
| Playing career | 19962014 | | |


title: River Sig

abstract: The River Sig is a 2.4 mile long river on Dartmoor in the county of Devon, England. It is a tributary to the River Lemon which it meets at Sigford.

text:
# River Sig

The **River Sig** is a 2.4 mile long river on Dartmoor in the county of Devon, England. It is a tributary to the River Lemon which it meets at Sigford.

## Course

The river starts from marshland just to the south of Saddle Tor and the B3387 road on moorland, near Bag Tor Mire.

It then flows south east, leaving the moor into forest before the Langworthy Brook joins from the right bank. It passes to the west of the village of Sigford before flowing into the Lemon, and therefore, indirectly flowing into the Teign. The River Sig and the River Lemon spring within 5,000 feet of one another.

50°32′58″N 3°43′32″W / 50.5495°N 3.7255°W / 50.5495; -3.7255


title: River Rede

abstract: The Rede is a river in Northumberland, England. The river rises on Carter Fell on the Anglo-Scottish border feeding Catcleugh Reservoir and joins the River North Tyne below the village of Redesmouth. The Rede is one of only two rivers in the North East of England that has the freshwater pearl mussel in its waters.

text:
# River Rede

The **Rede** is a river in Northumberland, England. The river rises on Carter Fell on the Anglo-Scottish border feeding Catcleugh Reservoir and joins the River North Tyne below the village of Redesmouth. The Rede is one of only two rivers in the North East of England that has the freshwater pearl mussel in its waters.

## Course and toponymy

The source of the river is on Carter Fell, part of the Whitelee National Nature Reserve. It flows in a south-easterly direction and is the main feeder for the Catcleugh Reservoir which was impounded in 1901 and completed in 1905. It flows south east through Redesdale alongside the A68 road before meeting with the Otter Burn in Otterburn and heading south, before turning west at East and West Woodburn. It then heads south through Redesmouth before emptying into the River North Tyne.

The name of the river derives from the Old English *Rēade*, meaning *the red one*. The river lends its name to Redesmouth, the point where the mouth is.

## Catchment and hydrometry

The river measures 32 miles (52 km) from source to Redesmouth and drains an area of 60 square miles (156 km2). In the upper reaches, the catchment is mostly upland and is partly in the Kielder Forest Park. In the lower reaches, the landscape changes slightly to grassland and upland heath with underlying boulder clay, alluvium and peat.

## Wildlife

The Rede is known for its salmon, trout and otter, which are commonly seen within its waters. The river is notable for being one of the few places in England to have a freshwater pearl mussel population, which in 2006, was estimated at 50,000 mussels across the Rede and the North Tyne. Several projects have been undertaken to help the mussel population including limiting sediment flow in the river and the introduction of freshwater trout into the river. Previously, water that was piped from Catcleugh Reservoir to Whittle Dene Reservoir (at Harlow Hill), was cleaned annual of its harmless sediment, but the waste water was pumped into the Rede. A remedial programme costing £500,000 was implemented in 2019 to stop this from happening.

The use of trout, of which 11,000 were released in 2011, is to help with the pearl mussel's life cycle. The fish were bred at the Kielder hatchery and had microscopic pearl mussel larvae attached to their gills. The programme is hopeful for repopulating parts of the river with new mussels.

## Tributaries

The River Rede is the principal tributary of the North Tyne, but the watercourses listed below are the main tributaries of the River Rede

* Bateinghope Burn (r)
* Coomsden Burn (r)
* Ramsden Burn (l)
* Chattlehope Burn (r)
* Cottonshope Burn (l)
* Blakehope Burn (r)
* Bellshiel Burn (l)
* Sills Burn (l)
* Rattenraw Burn (r)
* Durtrees Burn (l)
* Dargues Burn (r)
* Otter Burn (l)
* Raylees Burn (l)
* Miller Burn (r)
* Brigg Burn (r)
* Lisles Burn (l)
* Chesterhope Burn (l)
* Broomhope Burn (l)

## InfoBox

| River Rede | |
| --- | --- |
| The River Rede | |
| Location of the mouth within Northumberland | |
| Location | |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| County | Northumberland |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| coordinates | 55°20′35″N 2°28′01″W / 55.343°N 2.467°W / 55.343; -2.467 |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| coordinates | 55°07′55″N 2°13′17″W / 55.13204°N 2.22147°W / 55.13204; -2.22147 |
| Length | 32 miles (52 km) |
| Basin features | |
| River system | River Tyne |


title: Riverside Plaza (Chicago)

abstract: The Riverside Plaza is considered one of Chicago's finest Art Deco buildings. It was originally known as the Chicago Daily News Building. At the time of its completion in 1929, the Daily News was one of the dominant newspapers in Chicago. The first building in the United States to develop the "air-rights" over railroad tracks, the 26-story building helped revitalize the south central Chicago River from industrial transport to urban office corridor and made innovations in engineering and urban design. In the 1920s, the buildings along the river were industrial in nature and butted up against a waterway that was polluted and considered undesirable. This building was the first to develop the Chicago riverfront aesthetically as well as commercially. It was the first American skyscraper with an open-air plaza as part of its design. In 1925, Walter A. Strong acquired the Chicago Daily News from the estate of Victor F. Lawson.  Once he became publisher, Strong took immediate steps to build a modern newspaper facility.  Lawson had owned a parcel along the river, which is now the site of the Chicago Opera House. Strong thought it too small and instead acquired the air rights over railroad tracks that ran along west side of the river opposite the original site.  A year and one-half of meetings were required to reach an agreement between all parties. Once that was settled, Strong sold Lawson’s parcel to the utility magnate Samuel Insull, with the understanding that he construct a building that would include a new home for the Opera. Strong commissioned Holabird & Root to design a modern structure that would house 2,000 Daily News employees and provide studio space for his radio station, WMAQ. The building’s bold design and Art Deco façade were widely regarded as shot fired at the Chicago Tribune, which operated out of the Tribune Tower, a large Neo Gothic building on North Michigan Avenue completed in 1925. Inside, the building featured a much-admired mural by John W. Norton. It was dominated by diagonal lines, and divided into three sections: Gathering the News, Printing the News, & Transporting the News. In the fall of 1993, it was removed and put into storage, where it has remained. Outside, it had bas-reliefs depicting Benjamin Franklin, Charles Anderson Dana, Horace Greeley, Joseph Pulitzer, Samuel Bowles III, James Gordon Bennett and Joseph Medill and a fountain honoring Victor Lawson. The Chicago Daily News Building was completed in June 1929 at a cost of $8 million. During the dedication ceremony, President Herbert Hoover pressed a button that started the presses. The Daily News ceased publication in 1978. Although the building has since been renamed Riverside Plaza, according to the Tribune’s architecture critic, the Daily News Building remains, “one of Chicago's finest examples of Art Deco architecture and a path-breaking work of engineering and urban design.” A ramped concourse through the south side of this building now serves as the main entryway to the Ogilvie Transportation Center in Citigroup Center. This concourse was originally the main lobby, with an even floor in place of the ramp up to the bridge at Canal Street.

text:
# Riverside Plaza (Chicago)

The **Riverside Plaza** is considered one of Chicago's finest Art Deco buildings. It was originally known as the Chicago **Daily News Building.** At the time of its completion in 1929, the *Daily News* was one of the dominant newspapers in Chicago. The first building in the United States to develop the "air-rights" over railroad tracks, the 26-story building helped revitalize the south central Chicago River from industrial transport to urban office corridor and made innovations in engineering and urban design.

In the 1920s, the buildings along the river were industrial in nature and butted up against a waterway that was polluted and considered undesirable. This building was the first to develop the Chicago riverfront aesthetically as well as commercially. It was the first American skyscraper with an open-air plaza as part of its design.

In 1925, Walter A. Strong acquired the *Chicago Daily News* from the estate of Victor F. Lawson. Once he became publisher, Strong took immediate steps to build a modern newspaper facility. Lawson had owned a parcel along the river, which is now the site of the Chicago Opera House**.** Strong thought it too small and instead acquired the air rights over railroad tracks that ran along west side of the river opposite the original site. A year and one-half of meetings were required to reach an agreement between all parties. Once that was settled, Strong sold Lawson’s parcel to the utility magnate Samuel Insull, with the understanding that he construct a building that would include a new home for the Opera.

Strong commissioned Holabird & Root to design a modern structure that would house 2,000 *Daily News* employees and provide studio space for his radio station, WMAQ. The building’s bold design and Art Deco façade were widely regarded as shot fired at the *Chicago Tribune*, which operated out of the Tribune Tower, a large Neo Gothic building on North Michigan Avenue completed in 1925. Inside, the building featured a much-admired mural by John W. Norton. It was dominated by diagonal lines, and divided into three sections: Gathering the News, Printing the News, & Transporting the News. In the fall of 1993, it was removed and put into storage, where it has remained. Outside, it had bas-reliefs depicting Benjamin Franklin, Charles Anderson Dana, Horace Greeley, Joseph Pulitzer, Samuel Bowles III, James Gordon Bennett and Joseph Medill and a fountain honoring Victor Lawson. The Chicago Daily News Building was completed in June 1929 at a cost of $8 million. During the dedication ceremony, President Herbert Hoover pressed a button that started the presses. The *Daily News* ceased publication in 1978. Although the building has since been renamed Riverside Plaza, according to the *Tribune*’s architecture critic, the Daily News Building remains, “one of Chicago's finest examples of Art Deco architecture and a path-breaking work of engineering and urban design.”

A ramped concourse through the south side of this building now serves as the main entryway to the Ogilvie Transportation Center in Citigroup Center. This concourse was originally the main lobby, with an even floor in place of the ramp up to the bridge at Canal Street.

Media related to 2 North Riverside Plaza at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Riverside Plaza | |
| --- | --- |
| 2023 photograph | |
| Location within Chicago metropolitan area | |
| General information | |
| Location | 2 N. Riverside Plaza, Chicago, Illinois, United States |
| Coordinates | 41°52′57″N 87°38′21″W / 41.882548°N 87.639220°W / 41.882548; -87.639220 |
| Completed | 1929 |
| Height | |
| Roof | 302 feet (92 m) |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 26 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Holabird & Roche/Holabird & Root |
| Developer | Chicago Daily News |
| References | |
|  | |


title: Berthold Damcke

abstract: Berthold Damcke was a German composer, pianist, conductor, music educator, music critic and newspaper correspondent.

text:
# Berthold Damcke

**Berthold Damcke** (6 February 1812 – 15 February 1875) was a German composer, pianist, conductor, music educator, music critic and newspaper correspondent.

## Life

Damcke was born in the so-called "French period" in Hannover. He first studied theology and later music in Frankfurt as a pupil of Aloys Schmitt who was appointed court organist and chamber musician of the Duke Adolph von Cambridge in Hanover in 1826 as well as Ferdinand Ries. In 1834, Damcke made an appearance in his hometown "\[...\] probably for a short time" as violist in the Kingdom of Hanover court orchestra, which at that time still existed in the Schlossopernhaus and was located in the east wing of the Leineschloss. However, he continued to study the piano and organ, also composing his first choral works.

Later, Damcke moved to Bad Kreuznach where he conducted the local *Musikverein* and the *Liedertafel* and wrote the Oratorio *Deborah*. In 1837, Damcke went to Potsdam, where he conducted the Philharmonische Gesellschaft Potsdam as well as the *Gesangsverein für Opernmusik*, with which he performed his *Christmas Oratorio* in 1840 and in the following year the *Psalm 23* as well as an *Ave Maria*. Also still in 1841, Damcke took over the position of conductor in Königsberg. There, his opera *Das Käthchen von Heilbronn* after Heinrich von Kleist was premiered in 1845.

In 1845, Damcke went to St. Petersburg as a piano teacher, where he also developed a rich activity as a sensitive music critic and wrote extensive articles for the German-language *St. Petersburgische Zeitung*. In 1855, he moved to Brussels. From 1859, Damcke lived and worked in Paris, where he wrote for various German and Russian journals. He also worked as a teacher, both privately and at the Conservatoire de Paris. One of his private pupils was Georges Pfeiffer. Damcke was friends with Hector Berlioz whom he had sponsored and whom he had already met in 1847 on the occasion of his guest performance in St. Petersburg. In Paris, he also taught under the later patronage of Fanny Pelletan, who conceptually developed the complete edition of Christoph Willibald Gluck's works, suggested by Berlioz, and presented its first three volumes, on which Damcke collaborated.

Damcke died in Paris at age 63 and is buried at Père Lachaise Cemetery.

## Bibliography

1. Notwithstanding this, up to this point there have been considerable deviations and/or additions to Damcke's vita in contemporary sources such as the stays in Berlin and the award of a gold medal for art; see, for example, Carl Friedrich von Ledebur: *Tonkünstler-Lexicon Berlin's from the oldest times to the present*. Unchanged reprint of the original edition, Ludwig Rauh, Berlin 1861; H. Schneider, Tutzing/Berlin 1965, p. 103; online on Google Books

## InfoBox

| Berthold Damcke | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1812-02-06)February 6, 1812 |
| Died | February 15, 1875(1875-02-15) (aged 63) |
| Occupations | * Composer * conductor * music eductor and critic |
| Instrument | Piano |


title: Rob Dyrdek

abstract: Robert Stanley Dyrdek is an American entrepreneur, actor, producer, reality TV personality, and former professional skateboarder. He is best known for his roles in the MTV reality and variety shows Rob & Big, Rob Dyrdek's Fantasy Factory, and Ridiculousness. In addition to his television ventures, Dyrdek is a serial entrepreneur, founding several businesses through his venture studio, Dyrdek Machine, including Street League Skateboarding and Superjacket Productions.

text:
# Rob Dyrdek

**Robert Stanley Dyrdek** (born June 28, 1974) is an American entrepreneur, actor, producer, reality TV personality, and former professional skateboarder. He is best known for his roles in the MTV reality and variety shows *Rob & Big*, *Rob Dyrdek's Fantasy Factory*, and *Ridiculousness*. In addition to his television ventures, Dyrdek is a serial entrepreneur, founding several businesses through his venture studio, Dyrdek Machine, including Street League Skateboarding and Superjacket Productions (now Thrill One Media).

## Early life

Dyrdek was born on June 28, 1974, in Kettering, Ohio, to Gene and Patty Dyrdek. He was involved in sports as a child and began skateboarding at the age of 11. Of his early interest in the sport, Dyrdek has stated, "I was so focused on becoming a pro skateboarder. I would sit in school and think about all the tricks I was going to do, then I'd get out of school and skate until they made me come inside." Dyrdek attended Fairmont High School in Kettering.

## Career

### 1986–2005: Professional skateboarding and early business ventures

At the age of 11, Dyrdek earned a sponsorship to represent Surf Ohio, a local skate shop in Dayton, Ohio. He began competing at age 12. Gordon and Smith Skateboard Company (G&S), a national brand, began sponsoring him around that time. In July 1989 at age 15, Dyrdek placed first at a National Skateboard Association North Central District competition. At the age of 16, he decided to forgo his senior year of high school and instead moved to Southern California to continue his professional skate career. He officially turned pro in 1991, competing at the Skateboard World Cup in Germany and placing fifth. He also appeared in the Alien Workshop skate video, *Memory Screen*, that year. Alien Workshop, a Dayton, Ohio-based skateboarding company, began sponsoring Dyrdek at that time. The company began producing signature Dyrdek skateboards soon after the endorsement. Dyrdek also founded his own skateboard accessory company, Orion Trucks, at age 17.

By 1995, Dyrdek was competing at events and performing at exhibitions throughout North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Around that time, Droors Clothing, which later became known as DC Shoes, began sponsoring Dyrdek. During 1995, he launched his first signature shoe (the RD 1) with DC, beginning a 20-year partnership that included 29 signature shoes. In 1999, Dyrdek expanded into the business world by founding Dyrdek Enterprises.

In 2000, Dyrdek placed sixth in park skating at that year's X Games in San Francisco. In 2003, he founded Silver Trucks, a skateboarding accessories company. In 2005, he drafted, designed, developed, and raised funding for the world's first skate plaza, the Rob Dyrdek/DC Shoes Skate Plaza, in his hometown of Kettering. The park emphasized elements of street skateboarding, incorporating urban artifacts like stairs, ledges, planters, and railings. It was the first project funded by the Rob Dyrdek/DC Shoes Skate Plaza Foundation.

### 2006–2009: MTV reality series

In November 2006, the MTV reality series *Rob & Big* premiered, which starred Dyrdek and his best friend and bodyguard, Christopher "Big Black" Boykin, as well as his cousin, Chris "Drama" Pfaff, and friend, Rashawn "Bam Bam" Davis. It was born from a skit Dyrdek wrote for a 2003 DC Shoes video, *The DC Video*. In the skit, he hired Boykin as a bodyguard for protection from security guards while filming street skating videos. The show featured instances of these interactions along with other facets of Dyrdek's daily life. As part of *Rob & Big* in 2007, Dyrdek set 21 skating world records in one day, according to the *Guinness Book of World Records*. Some of these included the longest board slide—100 feet 5.75 inches (30.6261 m)—, the highest skateboard ramp jump into water—10 feet 8 inches (3.25 m)—, and the most nollie kickflips in one minute (22). The series ended its run in April 2008 after three seasons.

In February 2009, *Rob Dyrdek's Fantasy Factory*, featuring Dyrdek, Pfaff, and his Dyrdek Enterprise staff, was first broadcast. It covered Dyrdek's "Fantasy Factory", a converted warehouse where Dyrdek runs his businesses. He also built a recording studio for Pfaff inside the factory. During the course of the first season, he opened his first SafeSpot SkateSpot. At the grand-opening, Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa rode with Dyrdek on the world's largest skateboard. Fantasy Factory aired a total of seven seasons, with the season finale airing on March 13, 2014. On that final episode, Dyrdek set the Guinness World Record for the longest reverse ramp jump by a car at 89 feet, 3.25 inches. The show mainly featured a cast of Dyrdek, Chris Pfaff, Boykin, Scott Pfaff, Chanel West Coast, and Sterling "Steelo" Brim. Episodes featured Dyrdek being bitten by a shark and attacked by a trained tiger. Other stunts included the first kickflip with a Chevrolet Sonic, filmed as a part of a television advertisement for Chevrolet. He co-invented the first "skateboard car," a customized Ford Mustang which appeared on the show.

In a 2009 episode of *Fantasy Factory*, Dyrdek purchased a racehorse with Joe Ciagla, Jr. and jockeyed it in its first race. The horse, named Mega Heat, won the race with Dyrdek as the jockey. Dyedek would go on to own as many as 13 horses at one time, some of which raced in Breeders' Cup events.

### 2010–2016: Creation of Street League Skateboarding, *Ridiculousness*, and other TV series

In 2010, Dyrdek launched Street League Skateboarding (SLS), a professional skateboarding competition series. The league offered the highest overall purse in the history of the sport ($1.6 million) for its championship event in 2012, which was broadcast on ESPN in 198 countries. The league also partnered with the Boys & Girls Clubs of America to develop new skate parks in California. The organization was the focus of Dyrdek's 2013 documentary film *The Motivation*, which premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival. SLS has expanded into a global series with events throughout the world.

On August 29, 2011, Dyrdek's third MTV series, *Ridiculousness*, premiered. The show, which is filmed in front of a studio audience, is hosted by Dyrdek alongside friends Chanel West Coast and Steelo Brim. In addition to occasional guests, the three primarily comment on popular internet videos that are often mishaps. By 2020, MTV had devoted most of its programming schedule to *Ridiculousness*. In April 2012, Dyrdek's *Wild Grinders* animated television series premiered on Nicktoons. Dyrdek created and produced the show and also provided the voice of Lil' Rob. The characters are based on a line of toys designed by Dyrdek.

Also in 2012, Dyrdek Enterprises acquired DNA Distribution, the holding company for his original skateboarding sponsor brand, Alien Workshop, and other brands including Habitat and Reflex. DNA Distribution was later acquired by Pacific Vector Holdings in October 2013. In 2014, Dyrdek and his production company Superjacket Productions agreed to a multi-year deal with MTV to continue producing *Ridiculousness* and a final season of *Rob Dyrdek's Fantasy Factory*. That year, the Dyrdek-produced cooking competition series, *Snack-Off*, also premiered on MTV.

As part of Superjacket Productions, Dyrdek would go on to create and produce a number of new series. In 2016, two Dyrdek-produced shows, *Jagger Eaton's Mega Life* and *Crashletes*, premiered on Nickelodeon. He also produced *The Dude Perfect Show*, which premiered on CMT in 2016 and was moved to Nickelodeon for its second season in 2017.

### 2016–present: Entrepreneurship with Dyrdek Machine and Thrill One

In 2016, he founded the Dyrdek Machine, a business investment firm and incubator (described by Dyrdek as a "venture studio") that targets startups. He had previously operated as a serial entrepreneur while also investing independently in various companies, including UFC and the clothing brand, Stance. Under Dyrdek Machine, he has co-founded, funded, and developed Lusso Cloud, Mindright (with Travis Barker and Joe Jonas), Outstanding Foods, Leisuretown (with Diplo), Momentous, Deon Libra, Jolie, and Black Feather Whiskey (with Travis Pastrana). By 2022, he had co-founded or partnered with a total of 18 brands through the Dyrdek Machine, five of which had been acquired by outside investors.

Dyrdek also continued creating television series through Superjacket Productions. In 2017, he produced a *Ridiculousness* spin-off for MTV, entitled *Amazingness*. The show was a variety talent competition hosted by Dyrdek. In 2020, The Raine Group and Causeway Media Partners provided the venture capital backing to form Thrill One Sports & Entertainment after a merger of Nitro Circus and two Dyrdek-created entities: Street League Skateboarding and Superjacket Productions. All three companies became subsidiaries of Thrill One at that time. Later that year, Dyrdek and Superjacket produced another *Ridiculousness* spin-off for MTV called *Deliciousness*, a food-based clip show hosted by Tiffani Thiessen. Superjacket Productions became known as Thrill One Media in 2021. Two more *Ridiculousness* spin-offs premiered that year in *Messyness* and *Adorableness* with Dyrdek as executive producer.

In 2021, Dyrdek started the business-focused podcast, *Build with Rob*. That year, he also founded the Do-Or-Dier Visionary Foundation, a non-profit organization aimed at providing entrepreneurship opportunities to underrepresented youth. In July 2022, Fiume Capital and Juggernaut Capital Partners acquired Thrill One Sports & Entertainment for $300 million. Through the Dyrdek Machine, Dyrdek provided additional investment capital in Thrill One at the time.

## Personal life

Dyrdek has one sister. Dyrdek became an ordained minister through the Universal Life Church in order to perform his sister's wedding in December 2011. The ceremony, which was featured in an episode of *Rob Dyrdek's Fantasy Factory*, took place at the Fantasy Factory in Los Angeles. He became engaged to his girlfriend, model Bryiana Noelle Flores, after proposing to her at Disneyland. They are married and have two children.

## Filmography

### Film

List of selected film roles
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1991 | *Memory Screen* | Self | Skate video |
| 2003 | *The DC Video* | Self | Skate video |
| 2008 | *Righteous Kill* | Rambo |  |
| 2009 | *Mind Field* | Self | Skate video |
| 2009 | *Street Dreams* | Troy | Executive producer and writer |
| 2012 | *We Are Skateboarders* | Self | Documentary |
| | *Waiting for Lightning* | Self | Documentary |
| | *Nitro Circus: The Movie* | Self | Documentary |
| 2013 | *The Motivation* | Self | Documentary; producer |
| 2015 | Sneakerheadz | Self | Documentary |
| 2017 | *Dumb: The Story of Big Brother Magazine* | Self | Documentary |
| 2022 | *Jackass Forever* | Self |  |

### Television

List of selected television roles
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2006–2008 | *Rob & Big* | Self | Co-creator and producer |
| 2009 | *Nitro Circus* | Self | 3 episodes |
| 2009–2014 | *Rob Dyrdek's Fantasy Factory* | Self | Creator and producer |
| 2010 | *MTV's Ultimate Parkour Challenge* | Self | Executive producer |
| 2011–present | *Ridiculousness* | Self (host) | Creator and producer |
| 2012 | *Punk'd* | Self | 2 episodes |
| 2012–2015 | *Wild Grinders* | Lil' Rob / Gene | Animated series; creator, writer, and executive producer |
| 2013 | *MTV Cribs* | Self | Episode 12.1: "Retro Cribs" |
| 2014 | *Snack-Off* |  | Creator, executive producer |
| 2016–2017 | *Jagger Eaton's Mega Life* |  | Creator, executive producer |
| | *Crashletes* |  | Creator, executive producer |
| 2016–2018 | *The Dude Perfect Show* |  | Executive producer |
| 2017–2018 | *Amazingness* | Self | Creator, executive producer |
| 2020–2022 | *Deliciousness* | Self | Creator, executive producer |
| 2021 | *Adorableness* |  | Creator, executive producer |
| 2021–2022 | *Messyness* |  | Creator, executive producer |

## InfoBox

| Rob Dyrdek | |
| --- | --- |
| Dyrdek in 2017 | |
| Born | Robert Stanley Dyrdek
(1974-06-28) June 28, 1974
Kettering, Ohio, U.S. |
| Occupations | * Skateboarder * actor * entrepreneur * producer * television personality |
| Years active | 1991–present |
| Television |  |
| Spouse | Bryiana Noelle Flores  (m. 2016) |
| Children | 2 |
| **Sports career** | |
| Sport | Skateboarding |
| Turned pro | 1991 (age 16) |
|  | |
| Website | dyrdek.com |


title: Trebania gens

abstract: The gens Trebania or Trebana was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome. Only a few members of this gens are known, chiefly from inscriptions.

text:
# Trebania gens

The **gens Trebania** or **Trebana** was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome. Only a few members of this gens are known, chiefly from inscriptions.

## Origin

The nomen *Trebanius* belongs to a class of gentilicia formed from cognomina ending in *-as* and *-atis*, usually derived from place names, or ending in *-atus*. *Trebanius* appears to be derived from the city of Treba in Sabinum, near the border with Latium. The similarly-named Trebatia gens likely derives its nomen from the same root.

## Members

## Bibliography


title: Ryōma's Birthplace Memorial Museum

abstract: Ryōma's Birthplace Memorial Museum Ryōma's Birthplace Memorial Museum opened in Kōchi, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan in 2004. It is dedicated to the life and times of Sakamoto Ryōma and to the local area of Kami-machi and Kōchi more generally during the Bakumatsu period.

text:
# Ryōma's Birthplace Memorial Museum

**Ryōma's Birthplace Memorial Museum** (高知市立龍馬の生まれたまち記念館, *Kōchi Shiritsu Ryōma no Umareta Machi Kinenkan*) opened in Kōchi, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan in 2004. It is dedicated to the life and times of Sakamoto Ryōma and to the local area of Kami-machi and Kōchi more generally during the Bakumatsu period.

## Access

The museum can be accessed on foot from the Kamimachi-itchōme tram station.

## InfoBox

| Ryōma's Birthplace Memorial Museum | |
| --- | --- |
| 高知市立龍馬の生まれたまち記念館 | |
|  | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Address | 2-6-33 Kami-machi |
| Town or city | Kōchi, Kōchi Prefecture |
| Country | Japan |
| Coordinates | 33°33′23″N 133°31′28″E / 33.556491°N 133.524508°E / 33.556491; 133.524508 |
| Opened | March 2004 |
| Website | |
| Official website | |


title: Stefania Bonfadelli

abstract: Stefania Bonfadelli is an Italian operatic soprano. She began studying pianoforte at eight years of age and singing at fourteen in Verona, and later continued these studies in Paris and Vienna. Her operatic debut was with I puritani in 1997 at the Vienna State Opera. She also performs in concerts, notably at the Hamburg State Opera, the Bayerische Staatsoper, Oper Frankfurt, the Opéra de Marseille, the Teatro De La Maestranza in Seville, the Concertgebouw and Netherlands Opera in Amsterdam, the Vienna State Opera, the Michigan Opera Theatre in Detroit, the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London, La Scala in Milan, the Teatro Regio, Turin, the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples, and the Teatro Verdi in Trieste.

text:
# Stefania Bonfadelli

**Stefania Bonfadelli** (born 1967) is an Italian operatic soprano.

She began studying pianoforte at eight years of age and singing at fourteen in Verona, and later continued these studies in Paris and Vienna. Her operatic debut was with *I puritani* in 1997 at the Vienna State Opera. She also performs in concerts, notably at the Hamburg State Opera, the Bayerische Staatsoper, Oper Frankfurt, the Opéra de Marseille, the Teatro De La Maestranza in Seville, the Concertgebouw and Netherlands Opera in Amsterdam, the Vienna State Opera, the Michigan Opera Theatre in Detroit, the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London, La Scala in Milan, the Teatro Regio, Turin, the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples, and the Teatro Verdi in Trieste.

## Recordings (DVD)


title: Royce Duplessis

abstract: Royce Duplessis is an American attorney and politician serving as a member of the Louisiana State Senate for the 5th district. He assumed office on December 6, 2022. On November 8, 2022, Duplessis defeated Mandie Landry in a special election to fill the vacant 5th district seat.

text:
# Royce Duplessis

**Royce Duplessis** is an American attorney and politician serving as a member of the Louisiana State Senate for the 5th district. He assumed office on December 6, 2022. On November 8, 2022, Duplessis defeated Mandie Landry in a special election to fill the vacant 5th district seat.

## Early life and education

Duplessis was born and raised in New Orleans. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in communications from the Xavier University of Louisiana and a Juris Doctor from the Howard University School of Law.

## Career

Prior to his election to the State Senate, Duplessis served in the Louisiana House of Representatives representing the 93rd district. He assumed office in 2018 after winning a special election.

Prior to the 2018 election, Duplessis served as chief of staff to New Orleans City Councilman James Carter and special counsel to the Louisiana Supreme Court. Duplessis is the owner of a private law firm, Duplessis Law Firm, LLC, where he specializes in civil litigation cases. Duplessis announced his candidacy to fill the District 93 seat in a 2018 special election. Duplessis placed first in a field of four candidates.

A champion of criminal justice reform, Duplessis authored House Bill 678 in 2021, creating the Louisiana Work Opportunity Tax credit. The tax credit incentivizes businesses to hire re-entrants participating in work release programs.

Duplessis has also fought for many women's health and rights efforts, including authoring and passing House Bill 784, The Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders Act, to help deal with Louisiana's maternal and infant mortality rates. The bill requires all hospitals and birthing centers to provide women with information about postpartum depression, its symptoms and treatment and other resources before discharge.

On June 9, 2022, Duplessis announced that he was running in the special election to succeed senator Karen Carter Peterson. On November 8, 2022, Duplessis was elected to fill the vacant fifth district seat in the Louisiana State Senate. On December 6, 2022, Duplessis was sworn into the Louisiana State Senate.

In 2023, Royce Duplessis was re-elected to his position as a member of the Louisiana State Senate, representing District 5. He ran unopposed, securing another term in office.

## Personal life

Duplessis lives the Central City neighborhood with his wife, Krystle, and their one daughter.

1. Members Louisiana State Senate
2. Bridges, Tyler (8 November 2022). "Royce Duplessis defeats Mandie Landry to claim state Senate seat representing New Orleans". *NOLA.com*. Retrieved 2022-11-14.
3. Lowrey, Erin (25 March 2018). "Duplessis wins State Representative 93rd District race". *fox8live.com*. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
4. "State Representative Royce Duplessis". *house.louisiana.gov*. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
5. Times-Picayune, Greg LaRose, NOLA com | The (25 March 2018). "Royce Duplessis wins Louisiana House District 93 race". *NOLA.com*. Retrieved 2020-12-24.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
6. "Royce Duplessis.com". 2022-11-11.
7. "Royce Duplessis". *Ballotpedia*. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
8. "HB678".
9. Stabiler, Lura (14 April 2022). "La. House passes bill to provide for perinatal mood disorder screening". *KALB*. Retrieved 2022-11-14.
10. Bridges, Tyler (9 June 2022). "Royce Duplessis says he will run for state Senate seat vacated by Karen Carter Peterson". The Times-Picayune/The New Orleans Advocate. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
11. "Royce Duplessis defeats Mandie Landry to claim state Senate seat representing New Orleans". 8 November 2022.
12. "2023 Unopposed Races - Louisiana Legislature". *legis.la.gov*. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
13. "About | Royce Duplessis | Louisiana Senate District 5". *www.royceduplessis.com*. Retrieved 2022-11-14.

## InfoBox

| Royce Duplessis | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Louisiana Senate
from the 5th district | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
December 6, 2022 | |
| Preceded by | Karen Carter Peterson |
| Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives
from the 93rd district | |
| **In office**
April 10, 2018  December 6, 2022 | |
| Preceded by | Helena Moreno |
| Succeeded by | Alonzo Knox |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Education | Xavier University of Louisiana (BS)
Howard University (JD) |
|  | |