title: Claude-Louis Mathieu

abstract: Claude-Louis Mathieu was a French mathematician and astronomer who began his career as an engineer. He worked with the Bureau des Longitudes and tried to determine the distance of the stars. Awarded the Lalande Prize twice, in 1808 and 1815.

text:
# Claude-Louis Mathieu

**Claude-Louis Mathieu** (25 November 1783 in Mâcon  5 March 1875 in Paris) was a French mathematician and astronomer who began his career as an engineer. He worked with the Bureau des Longitudes and tried to determine the distance of the stars.

Awarded the Lalande Prize twice, in 1808 and 1815.

* O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Claude-Louis Mathieu", *MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive*, University of St Andrews

## InfoBox

| Claude-Louis Mathieu | |
| --- | --- |
| Claude-Louis Mathieu | |
| Born | 25 November 1783
Mâcon |
| Died | 5 March 1875
Paris |
| Nationality | French |
| Known for | distance of the stars |
| Awards | Lalande Prize (1808), (1815) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | mathematics
astronomy |
| Institutions | Bureau des Longitudes |
|  | |


title: Ripcord (skydiving)

abstract: A ripcord is a part of a skydiving harness-container system; a handle attached to a steel cable ending in a closing pin. The pin keeps the container closed and keeps the spring-loaded pilot chute inside. When the ripcord is pulled, the container is opened and the pilot chute is released, opening the parachute. On tandem systems the ripcord releases the 3-ring release system anchoring the bridle to the harness-container, allowing the parachute to open. The ripcord was invented in 1914 by Tiny Broadwick.

text:
# Ripcord (skydiving)

A **ripcord** is a part of a skydiving harness-container system; a handle attached to a steel cable ending in a closing pin. The pin keeps the container closed and keeps the spring-loaded pilot chute inside. When the ripcord is pulled, the container is opened and the pilot chute is released, opening the parachute. On tandem systems the ripcord releases the 3-ring release system anchoring the bridle to the harness-container, allowing the parachute to open.

The ripcord was invented in 1914 by Tiny Broadwick.


title: Boxhill (Louisville)

abstract: Boxhill, also called Winkworth, is a Georgian Revival house in Glenview, Kentucky, a small city east of Louisville, Kentucky. It was built in 1906 or 1910 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. As with other nearby mansions such as Lincliff, Boxhill reflects a period of Louisville history around the turn of the 20th century where wealthy Louisvillians built showcase homes along the Ohio River above Downtown Louisville. The 29 remaining mansions constitute the largest such collection along the 981-mile long river, and are among the best-preserved collections of turn-of-the-century estates in the United States.

text:
# Boxhill (Louisville)

**Boxhill**, also called **Winkworth**, is a Georgian Revival house in Glenview, Kentucky, a small city east of Louisville, Kentucky. It was built in 1906 or 1910 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

As with other nearby mansions such as Lincliff, Boxhill reflects a period of Louisville history around the turn of the 20th century where wealthy Louisvillians built showcase homes along the Ohio River above Downtown Louisville. The 29 remaining mansions constitute the largest such collection along the 981-mile long river, and are among the best-preserved collections of turn-of-the-century estates in the United States.

## History

William E. Chess, president of the Chess and Wymond Cooperage Company, built Boxhill on a 75-acre (30 ha) tract on the Ohio River that he bought in 1906. The house, located on a bluff above the river, was completed by 1910. The Georgian revival house is reputed to have been designed by Boston architect Joseph E. Chandler. The landscaping, including elaborate gardens and a long tree-lined mall leading from the road to the house, is thought to have been planned by Bryant Fleming, a landscape architect from Buffalo, New York.

Chess' daughter, Mary Grace Chess Robinson, took over the property in 1917. She and her husband, Avery Robinson, vice-president of a cordage mill, lived on the estate until 1923, when they sold it to Henning Chambers, a brokerage firm executive. Portions of the original estate were sold off during the 1950s. In 1956 sidelights and a cast-iron balcony were added to the house's entry and a second story was added to a wing.

In the early 1970s Robert and Shirley Alexander from Chicago bought the property. In 1977 they were murdered in Boxhill by their stepson. He was diagnosed a schizophrenic and found incompetent to stand trial for the murder. As the mansion had been the site of a grisly double homicide, the bank which came to own it found no buyers despite offering it for sale for over three years. In 1980, Helen Combs, a veteran contractor who had restored dozens of older mansions in Louisville, purchased it for $355,000. She described the restoration process as unique, even for her, saying "The windows were out, plastic was over them, there was no furniture.... We got to this one room and opened the door, and saw big red cabbage roses on the walls, red carpet, red bedspreads and red lamps that glowed."

Combs intended to live in the house but her husband, former Kentucky governor Bert T. Combs, balked at the idea, referring to it as the "murder house". She sold the house in 1982.

The property was scheduled to be auctioned in September 2023 by Sotheby's International Realty. Proceeds were to benefit Bellarmine University, to whom the property was gifted by its former owners, Dr. Allan and Donna Lansing.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Winkworth | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Front, seen through the fence | |
|  | |
| Location | 3200 Boxhill Lane, Louisville, Kentucky or Glenview, Kentucky |
| Coordinates | 38°18′5″N 85°39′28″W / 38.30139°N 85.65778°W / 38.30139; -85.65778 |
| Built | 1906 - 1910 |
| Architect | Joseph E. Chandler, Stratton Hammon (1956 addition) |
| Architectural style | Georgian Revival |
| MPS | Jefferson County MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 83002752 |
| Added to NRHP | August 16, 1983 |


title: Professional Commons

abstract: The Professional Commons is an independent, membership-based, non-profit organisation and public policy think tank established in Hong Kong on 25 March 2007. It is open to all professionals who share the same values.

text:
# Professional Commons

| Professional Commons | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 公共專業聯盟 |
| Simplified Chinese | 公共专业联盟 |
| Literal meaning | public professional alliance |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin gōnggòng zhuānyè liánméng  Yue: Cantonese  Yale Romanization gūng guhng jyūn yihp lyùhn màhng  Jyutping gung1 gung6 zyun1 jip6 lyun4 mang4 | |
|  | |

**The Professional Commons** is an independent, membership-based, non-profit organisation and public policy think tank established in Hong Kong on 25 March 2007. It is open to all professionals who share the same values.

## Mission

The Professional Commons aims at improving the quality of public governance and empowering the community in the policy-making process by harnessing the soft power of responsible professionalism. The Professional Commons' missions are:

* To achieve equal and universal suffrage;
* To monitor government through professional analysis;
* To engage with the community in developing public policies;
* To express professional views in the pursuit of public interest; and
* To uphold core values of professional independence, freedom and integrity.

The Professional Commons vow to work to promote matters of significant public interest rather than those of sectoral or trade interests.

## History

During the Chief Executive election in March 2007, over 100 Election Committee (EC) members from various professional sectors joined hands to advocate a faster pace for democracy. Many of these EC members, together with like-minded professionals, decided afterwards to build on this foundation as an agent for democratisation and good governance.

In the 2012 LegCo election, three Professional Commons members were elected to the legislature including Charles Mok in the Information Technology functional constituency (FC), Kenneth Leung in the Accountancy FC, and Dennis Kwok, who ran as a Civic Party candidate, in the Legal FC.

## Structure

It adopts a network-based governance model and organisational matters are handled by three committees elected from among the members: the Strategy Committee, Management Committee and Communications Committee.

### Issue task group

Members may at any time, subject to the approval of the Strategy Committee, set up an issue task group provided at least 4 members from at least 3 professional sectors have expressed interest to play an active role. All task groups are open to all members. A convenor and a co-convenor, who shall serve as the link with the Strategy Committee, shall be elected from among the members of the relevant task groups.

## Leadership

### Chairmen

## Performance in elections

### Legislative council elections

| **Election** | Number of
popular votes | % of
popular votes | GC
seats | FC
seats | Total seats | +/− | Position |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 |  |  | 0 | 2 | 2 / 70 | 0 | 8th |
|

1. "History & Mission". *The Professional Commons*.
2. The Professional Commons Archived 2008-03-03 at the Wayback Machine

## InfoBox

| Professional Commons 公共專業聯盟 | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Chairman | Paul Zimmerman |
| Founded | 25 March 2007 (2007-03-25) |
| Headquarters | 22/F, On Hong
Commercial Building,
141-147 Hennessy
Road, Wan Chai,
Hong Kong |
| Ideology | Liberalism (HK) |
| Regional affiliation | Pro-democracy camp |
| Slogan | "Serving Public Interest with Professional Integrity." |
| Legislative Council | 0 / 90 |
| District Councils | 0 / 470 |
| Website | |
| www.procommons.org.hk | |
|  | |


abstract: The tenth season of Big Brother Suomi premiered on 24 August 2014 and was screened on Sub. Mari Sainio continued as the main host for the program, known as Big Brother Talk Show, while Sauli Koskinen hosted the companion show Big Brother Extra. The previous season saw celebrities as contestants while this edition reverted to casting civilians as contestants. The contestants, also known as Housemates, lived inside the Big Brother House with the goal to be the last housemate and win €100,000. The program concluded on 14 November 2014 where Andte Gaup-Juuso was crowned the winner with 65.39% of the public vote to win. Big Brother Suomi went on a five-year hiatus after the conclusion of this season before being revived for an eleventh season that premiered on 1 September 2019 on Jim and Nelonen.

text:
# Big Brother (Finnish TV series) season 10

The tenth season of *Big Brother Suomi* premiered on 24 August 2014 and was screened on Sub. Mari Sainio continued as the main host for the program, known as *Big Brother Talk Show*, while Sauli Koskinen hosted the companion show *Big Brother Extra*. The previous season saw celebrities as contestants while this edition reverted to casting civilians as contestants. The contestants, also known as Housemates, lived inside the **Big Brother** House with the goal to be the last housemate and win €100,000. The program concluded on 14 November 2014 where Andte Gaup-Juuso was crowned the winner with 65.39% of the public vote to win. *Big Brother Suomi* went on a five-year hiatus after the conclusion of this season before being revived for an eleventh season that premiered on 1 September 2019 on Jim and Nelonen.

## Housemates

| Name | Age | Hometown | Occupation | Day entered | Day exited | Status |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Andte Gaup-Juuso | 23 | Enontekiö | Reindeer herder | 1 | 83 | Winner |
| Anna Ala-Salomäki | 20 | Helsinki | Office assistant | 1 | 83 | Runner-up |
| Joonas Ranta | 19 | Oulainen | ICT undergraduate | 1 | 83 | 3rd Place |
| Jenna Mäkikyrö | 19 | Ylitornio | Hairdressing student | 1 | 83 | 4th Place |
| Jonathan Silfver | 33 | Helsinki | Horse rider | 1 | 83 | 5th Place |
| Pertti Mäenpää | 54 | Pori | Fireward / Member of a city council | 43 | 83 | 6th Place |
| Jussi 'K' Karttunen | 22 | Helsinki | Salesman | 43 | 83 | 7th Place |
| Tuija Vähämäki | 25 | Ypäjä | Practical nurse | 1 | 83 | 8th Place |
| Tuulikki Timgren-Lillukkamäki | 68 | Lohja | Entrepreneur/Textile artist | 1 | 78 | Evicted |
| Leyla Väänänen | 22 | Helsinki |  | 18 | 78 | Evicted |
| Armi Mattila | 52 | Helsinki | Entrepreneur | 1 | 78 | Evicted |
| Dani Öini | 24 | Helsinki |  | 1 | 71 | Evicted |
| Joni Hesselgren | 18 | Vantaa | Unemployed | 1 | 64 | Evicted |
| Jonna Tuominen | 24 | Jyväskylä | Student | 1 | 57 | Evicted |
| Jarno Pouhula | 25 | Lapua | Karaoke host/DJ & Bartender | 1 | 50 | Evicted |
| Nimo Samatar | 19 | Espoo | Practical nurse | 1 | 43 | Evicted |
| Janne Mikkonen | 40 | Helsinki | Salesman | 18 | 36 | Evicted |
| Markku Timgren-Martin | 36 | Forssa |  | 1 | 29 | Evicted |
| Jussi Kettunen | 27 | Kemi | Executive director | 1 | 22 | Evicted |
| Anne Vieri | 50 | Seinäjoki | Hospital care | 1 | 15 | Evicted |
| Tommy Fagerholm | 59 | Ingå | Matriculation | 1 | 7 | Ejected |

## Groups

This year housemates were divided into two groups when they entered the house. There is a fence separating **Basement** and **Mansion** groups, and weekly tasks are competition against basement and mansion.

The **Stone Quarry** was a penalty area. The Stone quarry group was totally separated from other housemates, and they lived in the open air.

The group **Operation Autumn Storm** is a group of volunteered housemates. They can earn two weeks of immunity against evictions, but they have hardened rules. 1st rule violation means a warning, 2nd violation brings him/her up for eviction and 3rd rule violation means instant ejection.

* On the launch night, housemates were divided into two houses: the Basement and the Mansion.
* On Day 2, two housemates, Jarno and Jussi, switched houses.
* On Day 8, Joonas needed to decide one switch from Mansion to Basement. He chooses Joni (was not able to choose himself).
* On Day 14, Basement won the weekly task, and they wanted to change sides.
* On Day 18, Jonathan got a "penalty" and switched houses.
* On Day 22, Basement won weekly task again, and they wanted to change sides.
* On Day 23, two housemates, Nimo and Janne, switched houses.
* On Day 29, Basement won and all changed sides.
* On Day 33, Janne and Dani changed sides
* On Day 36, Basement won and all changed sides.
* On Day 38, the Penalty area "stone quarry" was introduced. Jenna, Nimo and Jarno to quarry.
* On Day 39, Dani must order someone to quarry, he chose Andte.
* On Day 40, Big Brother rearranged teams.
* On Day 43, Jenna got removed from Quarry and moved back to the house. Quickly after this, there was an announcement that the basement won the weekly task, so they wanted to change sides.
* On Day 44, Andte and Jarno returned from the quarry.
* On Day 46, two new housemates, Pertti and Jussi K.
* On Day 58, Basement and Mansion separation ended.
* On Day 59, Jonathan, Pertti, Andte and Tuulikki started Operation Autumn Storm.
* On Day 60, Tuulikki got removed from Autumn Storm for health reasons and got back to the House.
* On Day 64, Operation Autumn Storm ended.

| Housemate | Day 1 | Day 2 | Day 8 | Day 15 | Day 18 | Day 22 | Day 23 | Day 29 | Day 33 | Day 36 | Day 38 | Day 39 | Day 40 | Day 43 | Day 44 | Day 46 | Day 50 | Day 58 | Day 59 | Day 60 | Day 64 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Andte | Mansion | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Quarry | Quarry | Quarry | Basement | Basement | Basement | House | Storm | Storm | House |
| Anna | Basement | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Basement | Basement | House | House | House | House |
| Armi | Basement | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Basement | Basement | House | House | House | House |
| Dani | Mansion | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Basement | Basement | House | House | House | House |
| Jenna | Mansion | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Quarry | Quarry | Quarry | Mansion | Mansion | Mansion | Mansion | House | House | House | House |
| Jonathan | Mansion | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Basement | Basement | House | Storm | Storm | House |
| Joonas | Mansion | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Mansion | Mansion | House | House | House | House |
| Jussi K |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mansion | Mansion | House | House | House | House |
| Leyla |  | | | | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Mansion | Mansion | House | House | House | House |
| Pertti |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Basement | Basement | House | Storm | Storm | House |
| Tuija | Basement | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Mansion | Mansion | House | House | House | House |
| Tuulikki | Basement | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Mansion | Mansion | House | Storm | House | House |
| Joni | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Mansion | Mansion | House | House | House |  |
| Jonna | Basement | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Basement | Basement |  | | | |
| Jarno | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Quarry | Quarry | Quarry | Quarry | Mansion | Mansion |  | | | | |
| Nimo | Basement | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Quarry | Quarry | Quarry |  | | | | | | | |
| Janne |  | | | | Basement | Mansion | Basement | Mansion | Basement |  | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Markku | Mansion | Mansion | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Jussi | Mansion | Basement | Basement | Mansion | Mansion |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Anne | Mansion | Mansion | Mansion |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Tommy | Basement | Basement |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Nominations table

The first housemate in each box was nominated for two points, and the second housemate was nominated for one point.

|  | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Week 5 | Week 6 | Week 7 | Week 8 | Week 9 | Week 10 | Week 11 | Week 12
Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Andte | Anne
Armi | Armi
Jussi | Jonathan
Armi | Jonathan
Tuulikki | Jonathan
Jonna | Jonathan
Armi | *No
Nominations* | *Save* | *Save* | Armi
Jonathan | **Winner**
(Day 83) | |
| Anna | Jarno
Tuulikki | Markku
Tuulikki | Markku
Tuulikki | Tuulikki
Dani | Dani
Tuulikki | Tuulikki
Andte | *Nominated* | *No
Nominations* | *No
Nominations* | Andte
Jussi K | **Runner-Up**
(Day 83) | |
| Joonas | Tuulikki
Armi | Armi
Tuulikki | Armi
Tuulikki | Armi
Tuulikki | Joni
Jonathan | Jonathan
Armi | *No
Nominations* | *Nominated* | *No
Nominations* | Jenna
Jonathan | **Third place**
(Day 83) | |
| Jenna | Markku
Anne | Markku
Armi | Jarno
Markku | Janne
Jarno | *In the
Quarry* | Jarno
Tuulikki | *No
Nominations* | *No
Nominations* | *No
Nominations* | Joonas
Jussi K | **Fourth place**
(Day 83) | |
| Jonathan | Joni
Jarno | Armi
Jussi | Markku
Leyla | Jarno
Leyla | Andte
Jarno | Joonas
Jarno | *No
Nominations* | *Save* | *Save* | Jussi K
Pertti | **Fifth place**
(Day 83) | |
| Pertti | *Not in
House* | | | | | Jonathan **(3)**
Joni **(2)** | *No
Nominations* | *Save* | *Save* | Jonathan
Jenna | **Sixth place**
(Day 83) | |
| Jussi K | *Not in
House* | | | | | Jonathan **(3)**
Dani **(2)** | *No
Nominations* | *Nominated* | *No
Nominations* | Jenna
Jonathan | **Seventh place**
(Day 83) | |
| Tuija | Jussi
Anne | Jussi
Tuulikki | Tuulikki
Leyla | Tuulikki
Jarno | Jarno
Tuulikki | Jarno
Tuulikki | *No
Nominations* | *No
Nominations* | *Nominated* | Leyla
Jussi K | **Eighth place**
(Day 83) | |
| Armi | Anne
Markku | Jussi
Markku | Leyla
Markku | Jarno
Leyla | Jarno
Leyla | Jarno
Leyla | *Nominated* | *No
Nominations* | *Save* | Andte
Leyla | *Evicted*
(Day 78) | |
| Leyla | *Not in
House* | *Exempt* | Janne
Jonna | Janne
Tuulikki | Jonathan
Jarno | Jonathan
Tuulikki | *No
Nominations* | *No
Nominations* | *No
Nominations* | Tuulikki
Armi | *Evicted*
(Day 78) | |
| Tuulikki | Jussi
Jenna | Jussi
Jonathan | Armi
Joni | Joni
Anna | Anna
Joni | Armi
Leyla | *No
Nominations* | *No
Nominations* | *No
Nominations* | Leyla
Jenna | *Evicted*
(Day 78) | |
| Dani | Anne
Jussi | Armi
Markku | Joni
Tuulikki | Janne
Anna | Joni
Jonathan | Tuija
Armi | *No
Nominations* | *Nominated* | *Nominated* | *Evicted*
(Day 71) | | |
| Joni | Joonas
Anne | Tuulikki
Joonas | Markku
Tuulikki | Jonathan
Tuulikki | Tuulikki
Jonathan | Tuulikki
Jonathan | *No
Nominations* | *Nominated* | *Evicted*
(Day 64) | | | |
| Jonna | Jarno
Anne | Jussi
Nimo | Tuulikki
Nimo | Jarno
Tuulikki | Jarno
Tuulikki | Jarno
Tuulikki | *Nominated* | *Evicted*
(Day 57) | | | | |
| Jarno | Tuulikki
Nimo | Jenna
Armi | Jonathan
Armi | Jonathan
Tuulikki | *In the
Quarry* | Jonna
Jonathan | *Evicted*
(Day 50) | | | | | |
| Nimo | Jussi
Anne | Jussi
Armi | Jonathan
Joonas | Jonathan
Armi | *In the
Quarry* | *Evicted*
(Day 43) | | | | | | |
| Janne | *Not in
House* | *Exempt* | Joni
Nimo | Nimo
Leyla | *Evicted*
(Day 36) | | | | | | | |
| Markku | Joni
Jenna | Jenna
Armi | Jonathan
Armi | *Evicted*
(Day 29) | | | | | | | | |
| Jussi | Tuulikki
Anne | Tuulikki
Markku | *Evicted*
(Day 22) | | | | | | | | | |
| Anne | Jussi
Tuija | *Evicted*
(Day 15) | | | | | | | | | | |
| Tommy | *Ejected*
(Day 7) | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Notes |  |  | *none* | | , |  |  | ,,, | , | *10* | *11* | |
| Up for
eviction | All
Housemates | Armi
Jussi
Markku
Tuulikki | Armi
Jonathan
Markku
Tuulikki | Janne
Jarno
Jonathan
Tuulikki | Jarno
Jonathan
Joni
Nimo
Tuulikki | Armi
Jarno
Jonathan
Tuulikki | Anna
Armi
Jonna | Dani
Joni
Joonas
Jussi K | Dani
Tuija | All
Housemates | | |
| Ejected | **Tommy** | *none* | | | | | | | | | | |
| Evicted | **Anne**
4.42%
to save | **Jussi**
23.76%
to save | **Markku**
22.28%
to save | **Janne**
21.12%
to save | **Nimo**
17.96%
to save | **Jarno**
24.14%
to save | **Jonna**
28.55%
to save | **Joni**
24.29%
to save | **Dani**
42.79%
to save | **Tuulikki**
8.79%
to save | **Tuija**
0.75%
to win | **Jussi K**
1.2%
to win |
| | | | | | | | | | | **Pertti**
1.65%
to win | **Jonathan**
3.72%
to win |
| | | | | | | | | | **Leyla**
5.47%
to save | **Jenna**
6.29%
to win | **Joonas**
8.77%
to win |
| | | | | | | | | | **Armi**
3.47%
to save | **Anna**
12.23%
to win | **Andte**
65.39%
to win |

### Notes

* **^Note 1** : This week's nominations were fake. Unknown to the housemates, all of them were up for eviction.
* **^Note 2** : Janne and Leyla were exempt to nominate and immune as new housemates.
* **^Note 3** : People in the Quarry can't nominate.
* **^Note 4** : Nimo is up for eviction as a penalty.
* **^Note 5** : New housemates give 3+2 nomination points instead of 2+1.
* **^Note 6** : No nominations, Weekly task decides who are up for eviction.
* **^Note 7** : People in Operation Autumn storm have immunity for two weeks.
* **^Note 8** : Dani is up for eviction as a penalty and he cannot get nomination points.
* **^Note 9** : Similar to *Big Brother Danmark*, one housemate was the killer and had to choose 2 victims. If these 2 victims guess correctly who "killed" them, the killer will be nominated. If they guess wrong, they will be nominated with the person who they guessed was the killer and Dani (who was automatically nominated). Joni and Jussi K were the victims, and they guessed Joonas was the killer. As they guessed wrong (Jenna was the real killer), Joni, Jussi K and Joonas were nominated along with Dani. This concept continued on week 10 with two new murderers and new victims.
* **^Note 10** : Fake nominations. All housemates are up for eviction.
* **^Note 11** : This week voting is for the winner. Everyone is up for voting.

## Nominations Totals Received

|  | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Week 5 | Week 6 | Week 7 | Week 8 | Week 9 | Week 10 | Week 11 | Week 12 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Andte | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | - | - | - | 4 | **Winner** | 7 |
| Anna | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | - | - | - | 0 | **Runner-Up** | 4 |
| Joonas | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | - | - | - | 2 | **Third place** | 8 |
| Jenna | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 6 | **Fourth place** | 12 |
| Jonathan | 0 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 14 | - | - | - | 5 | **Fifth place** | 43 |
| Pertti | *Not in House* | | | | | - | - | - | - | 1 | **Sixth place** | 1 |
| Jussi K | *Not in House* | | | | | - | - | - | - | 5 | **Seventh place** | 5 |
| Tuija | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | - | - | - | 0 | **Eighth place** | 3 |
| Armi | 2 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 5 | - | - | - | 3 | *Evicted* | 32 |
| Leyla | *Not in House* | - | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | 5 | *Evicted* | 15 |
| Tuulikki | 7 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 5 | 8 | - | - | - | 2 | *Evicted* | 47 |
| Dani | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | *Evicted* | | 5 |
| Joni | 4 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 2 | - | - | *Evicted* | | | 18 |
| Jonna | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | - | *Evicted* | | | | 4 |
| Jarno | 5 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 9 | *Evicted* | | | | | 32 |
| Nimo | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | *Evicted* | | | | | | 6 |
| Janne | *Not in House* | - | 2 | 6 | *Evicted* | | | | | | | 8 |
| Markku | 3 | 7 | 8 | *Evicted* | | | | | | | | 18 |
| Jussi | 9 | 12 | *Evicted* | | | | | | | | | 21 |
| Anne | 12 | *Evicted* | | | | | | | | | | 12 |
| Tommy | *Ejected* | | | | | | | | | | | N/A |

* Week 2 nominations were fake.
* Week 11 nominations were fake.

## InfoBox

| *Big Brother* | |
| --- | --- |
| Season 10 | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Presented by | Mari Sainio |
| No. of days | 83 |
| No. of housemates | 21 |
| Winner | Andte Gaup-Juuso |
| Runner-up | Anna Ala-Salomäki |
| Companion shows | *Big Brother Talk Show
Big Brother Extra* |
|  | |
| Release | |
| Original network | Sub |
| Original release | 24 August (2014-08-24)
14 November 2014 (2014-11-14) |
| Season chronology | |


title: Stephen Toulouse

abstract: Stephen Toulouse, also known as Stepto, was an American policy specialist and public relations manager who served as the Director of Xbox LIVE Policy and Enforcement at Microsoft. He frequently represented Microsoft and Xbox Live in various media, including on Larry Hryb's "Major Nelson Radio" Xbox-related podcast, to discuss security and policy issues. Prior to joining the Xbox team at Microsoft, Toulouse was the head of communications for security response with the Microsoft Security Response Center.

text:
# Stephen Toulouse

**Stephen Toulouse** (August 1972 – October 26, 2017), also known as **Stepto**, was an American policy specialist and public relations manager who served as the Director of Xbox LIVE Policy and Enforcement at Microsoft. He frequently represented Microsoft and Xbox Live in various media, including on Larry Hryb's "Major Nelson Radio" Xbox-related podcast, to discuss security and policy issues.

Prior to joining the Xbox team at Microsoft, Toulouse was the head of communications for security response with the Microsoft Security Response Center.

## Career

Toulouse worked at Microsoft starting in April 1994. On February 3, 2012, he announced his departure from Microsoft, stating

> "... This is a positive thing. I have nothing but confidence in the future of Microsoft and specifically Xbox and Xbox Live ..."

### Microsoft Security Response Center

Toulouse joined the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) in November 2002. His first exposure to communications during a security response crisis was during the spread of the SQL Slammer computer worm in January 2003, where he was asked by Security Business Unit Vice President Mike Nash to handle creating a way for affected users to determine whether or not they had a vulnerable instance of SQL Server installed.

Toulouse later handled public relations for malware outbreaks such as Blaster, Sasser, and Zotob, as well as the Windows Metafile vulnerability.

Toulouse suggested in a personal blog entry in 2006 that Apple's products enjoyed good security due to their small market share and that the company would have to focus on hiring a "Security Czar" at some point.

When Toulouse left the MSRC, he was praised by several notable security journalists for his candor and honesty about Microsoft's security challenges.

### Xbox Live

In August 2007, Toulouse joined the Xbox Live Services group as Lead Program Manager for Enforcement, describing his role at the time as "Helping to make sure the Live experience is a safe and enjoyable one for users." Over the next years he expanded his role to include policy and enforcement for the Xbox Live and Zune Social services, building out a team of worldwide "enforcers" to implement the rules of the Xbox Live service. Toulouse was promoted to Director for Policy and Enforcement for Xbox LIVE in September 2009.

During his time as a co-host of the Xbox podcast "Major Nelson Radio," Toulouse was the public face for the rules governing behavior on the Xbox Live service and often explained and clarified policies.

#### Sexuality identification on Xbox Live

In February 2009, while Toulouse was head of policy for Xbox Live, Microsoft attracted adverse attention for the gaming service's policies towards members' expression of their sexual identity. While the service allows for self-expression of sexual orientation in voice chat during games, at that time Xbox Live banned all mention of orientation — including of heterosexuality — in Gamertags and in profiles. Widespread criticism of this practice led to Toulouse publicly vowing to change the policy to allow for expression of sexual orientation. Changes announced in March 2010 permit Xbox Live members to express sexual orientation in their Gamertags and profiles. The Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) praised Toulouse for his work with their group in combating homophobia in online gaming.

## Performances

Toulouse was a special guest at w00tstock 2.0 in Seattle, Washington and w00tstock 2.1 in Portland, Oregon. He read from "The Book of Enforcement".

He also provided security for the King/Queen of the Sea for both Joco Cruise Crazy 1 (2011) and Joco Cruise Crazy 2 (2012) as the founding member of "Stepto's Army".

## Death

Stephen died of an abdominal hemorrhage. His family announced that he had died on October 27, 2017.

## InfoBox

| Stephen Toulouse | |
| --- | --- |
| Stephen Toulouse in 2009 | |
| Born | August 1972 |
| Died | October 26, 2017(2017-10-26) (aged 45)<br>Seattle, Washington |
| Nationality | American |
| Other names | Stepto |
| Occupation(s) | Former Director of Xbox Live Policy and Enforcement, Former Co-host of "Major Nelson Radio" |
| Known for | Xbox Live Policy and Enforcement |
| Website | www.stepto.com |


title: Collegium of State Expenses

abstract: The Collegium of State Expenses was a Russian executive body (collegium), created in the government reform of 1717. It was de-established during the decentralising reforms of Catherine II of Russia. Its first President was Ivan Musin-Pushkin.

text:
# Collegium of State Expenses

The **Collegium of State Expenses** (*Schtats-kontor*, or **of the Treasury**; also **College**) was a Russian executive body (collegium), created in the government reform of 1717. It was de-established during the decentralising reforms of Catherine II of Russia. Its first President was Ivan Musin-Pushkin.

## History

In 1711, following the establishment of the highest governing body - the Senate, the formation of sectoral governing bodies began - the colleges, replaced the order (Prikaz) system. According to the Swedish model, three colleges were established in the management of the reformed public finances: the chamber-college was in charge of income, the stats-office-college was in charge of expenditures and the revision college– responsible for the checks. Previously, the control over the state funds expenditures have been executed by the Prikaz on audited cases.

In December 1717, the staffs of the collegium were approved, and the president and vice president were appointed. The first president of the college was the Count I.A. Musin-Pushkin. The General Regulations determined the structure and procedure of office work in the college, and the college was located in the St. Petersburg. The functions of the collegium were delegated from the Big Treasury Prikaz, approved in December 1718, included the allocation of certain amounts to the state institutions and to the officials through local cash registers (renters), administered by renters appointed by the provincial college.

In November 1723, the Shtats-chamber-college from an independent governing body was transformed into the Shtats-chamber: in 1723-1726 in the structure of the Senate, and in 1726-1730 as part of the Chambers-College. However, in July 1730, to the Shats-chamber was returned to the statute of an independent college.

In the course of the local government reform carried out by Catherine II, new central government bodies and provincial institutions were established in the public finance sector: treasuries in St. Petersburg and Moscow, as well as provincial treasury chambers and county treasuries. They also incorporated the tasks of the divisions of the Shtats- chamber –college, which was abolished in 1780.

* Janet M. Hartley (2008). *Russia, 1762-1825: military power, the state, and the people*. ABC-CLIO. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-275-97871-6. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
* John P. Ledonne (January 2001). "Russian governors general, 1775-1825". *Cahiers du monde russe*. **42**: 5–30. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
* Paul Bushkovitch (2001). *Peter the Great: the struggle for power, 1671-1725*. Cambridge University Press. pp. 377–78. ISBN 978-0-521-80585-8. Retrieved 9 January 2011.


title: Steve Heimoff

abstract: Steve Heimoff is an American wine writer and former wine critic and California wine expert. He was the West Coast Editor for Wine Enthusiast Magazine from 1994 until 2014, and previously from 1989 to 1994 a contributor to Wine Spectator. In 2014, he left his job at Wine Enthusiast to take a PR and education position with Jackson Family Wines, maker of the Kendall-Jackson range of wines. In an open letter to the San Francisco Chronicle, Heimoff warned fellow critic James Laube of Wine Spectator that due to his position as a critic in a prominent magazine, he should be more cautious about branding wines as being tainted when most wine drinkers do not have the same level of sensitivity to detect anything wrong with those wines. Heimoff has published the books A Wine Journey along the Russian River, released in 2005, and New Classic Winemakers of California: Conversations with Steve Heimoff in 2007.

text:
# Steve Heimoff

**Steve Heimoff** is an American wine writer and former wine critic and California wine expert. He was the West Coast Editor for *Wine Enthusiast Magazine* from 1994 until 2014, and previously from 1989 to 1994 a contributor to *Wine Spectator*.

In 2014, he left his job at *Wine Enthusiast* to take a PR and education position with Jackson Family Wines, maker of the Kendall-Jackson range of wines.

In an open letter to the *San Francisco Chronicle*, Heimoff warned fellow critic James Laube of *Wine Spectator* that due to his position as a critic in a prominent magazine, he should be more cautious about branding wines as being tainted when most wine drinkers do not have the same level of sensitivity to detect anything wrong with those wines.

Heimoff has published the books *A Wine Journey along the Russian River*, released in 2005, and *New Classic Winemakers of California: Conversations with Steve Heimoff* in 2007.


title: Steve Hegarty

abstract: Steve Hegarty is an Australian former professional rugby league player who played for the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles in the New South Wales Rugby League. He also played for the Seagulls-Diehards, captaining them through the 1987 Woolies Pre-Season. Hegarty was not included in the Seagulls-Diehards starting side after the pre-season, playing in the first game of the regular season as a replacement before being succeeded as captain by Mark Hohn. Hegarty also coached the Samford Stags in 2016 in the Brisbane Second Division Rugby League. His son, Bryce Hegarty, is a professional rugby union player.

text:
# Steve Hegarty

**Steve Hegarty** (born 21 March 1962) is an Australian former professional rugby league player who played for the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles in the New South Wales Rugby League. He also played for the Seagulls-Diehards, captaining them through the 1987 Woolies Pre-Season. Hegarty was not included in the Seagulls-Diehards starting side after the pre-season, playing in the first game of the regular season as a replacement before being succeeded as captain by Mark Hohn.

Hegarty also coached the Samford Stags in 2016 in the Brisbane Second Division Rugby League.

His son, Bryce Hegarty, is a professional rugby union player.

## InfoBox

Steve Hegarty
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1962-03-21) 21 March 1962 |
| Playing information | |
| Position | Fullback, Wing |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1984–86 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles 24 4 56 1 129  1987–88 Seagulls-Diehards       1989–?? Fortitude Valley       Total 24 4 56 1 129 | |
| Source: | |


title: Colonization societies

abstract: A number of colonization societies which promoted the migration of African Americans to Africa have existed in the United States. Thomas Jefferson was a Founding Father who promoted the racial separation of Native Americans and the colonization of African Americans to places far away from Virginia. Jefferson was the most important early advocate of colonization. The Reverend Samuel Hopkins of Newport appears to have originated the idea of colonization in 1770.

text:
# Colonization societies

A number of **colonization societies** which promoted the migration of African Americans to Africa have existed in the United States. Thomas Jefferson was a Founding Father who promoted the racial separation of Native Americans and the colonization of African Americans to places far away from Virginia. Jefferson was the most important early advocate of colonization. The Reverend Samuel Hopkins of Newport appears to have originated the idea of colonization in 1770.

## List of colonization societies

* Sierra Leone Company
* Maryland State Colonization Society
* African Colonization Society, (1800–1816) Based in the state of Virginia, perhaps at Richmond
* American Colonization Society (1817–onwards) Somehow, it became intermingled with the National Colonization Society. Samuel John Mills (1783–1818) was the founder, in conjunction with Dr. Finley
* International Migration Society (1894–1899), founded at the behest of Bishop Henry McNeil Turner. The IMS successfully transported three ships of African American migrants to Liberia.
* Liberia Exodus Joint Stock Steamship Company (1877–1880), sent one ship, the *Azor*, to Liberia at the behest of Martin Delany.
* The National Colonization Society of America, (Founded at Washington, D.C., December, 1816–onwards) The most successful group, it became a nationwide organization which involved many well-known Americans. See: American Colonization Society
* New York Colonization Society ( ? – ? ) A group that was active in Liberia in the 1890s.
* United Trans-Atlantic Society (1885–1887) formed in Kansas City at the behest of Benjamin "Pap" Singleton.
* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). *New International Encyclopedia* (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead. `{{cite encyclopedia}}`: Missing or empty `|title=` (help)

## Publications

* New International Encyclopedia
* Miller, Floyd J. *The Search for a Black Nationality: Black Colonization and Emigration, 1787–1863*. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1975.
* Mjagkij, Nina, ed. *Organizing Black America: An Encyclopedia of African American Associations*. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 2001. ISBN 0-8153-2309-3
* Pease, Jane H., and William H. Pease. *They Who Would Be Free: Blacks' Search for Freedom, 1830–1861*. New York: Atheneum, 1974.
* Redkey, Edwin S. *Black Exodus: Black Nationalist and Back-to-Africa Movements, 1890–1910*. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1969.


title: Colombian leaf-toed gecko

abstract: The Colombian leaf-toed gecko is a species of gecko endemic to Malpelo Island off Colombia.

text:
# Colombian leaf-toed gecko

The **Colombian leaf-toed gecko** (***Phyllodactylus transversalis***) is a species of gecko endemic to Malpelo Island off Colombia.

## InfoBox

| Colombian leaf-toed gecko | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Phyllodactylidae |
| Genus: | *Phyllodactylus* |
| Species: | ***P. transversalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phyllodactylus transversalis***
Huey, 1975 | |
|


title: Stepan Havrysh

abstract: Havrysh Stepan Bohdanovych is a Ukrainian politician, Doctor of Law (1994), Professor of the National Law Academy named after Yaroslav the Wise (1996), Academician of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine (2004), Honoured Lawyer of Ukraine (2003); People's Deputy of Ukraine III and IV convocations.

text:
# Stepan Havrysh

**Havrysh Stepan Bohdanovych** (born 2 January 1952) is a Ukrainian politician, Doctor of Law (1994), Professor of the National Law Academy named after Yaroslav the Wise (1996), Academician of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine (2004), Honoured Lawyer of Ukraine (2003); People's Deputy of Ukraine III and IV convocations.

## Activities in the Verkhovna Rada

In 1998, he was elected People's Deputy of Ukraine for Chuhuiv Electoral District No. 176 (40% of voters' votes, 18 applicants). Leader of the deputy group "Revival of the Regions".

2000–2002 — Deputy Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine;

He served as the Head of the Temporary Special Commission for the preparation and preliminary consideration of draft laws on amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine based on the results of the All-Ukrainian referendum on people's initiative (2001).

In 2002, he was elected a People's Deputy of Ukraine for the Chuhuiv Electoral District No. 177 (64% of votes, 4 candidates).

He was a coordinator of the permanent parliamentary majority in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, leader of the deputy group "Democratic Initiatives", member of the committee of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on the fuel and energy complex, nuclear policy and nuclear safety.

He was a co-chairman of the Temporary Special Commission of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on drafting draft laws of Ukraine on amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine (2002).

In 2004-2010, Havrysh was a member of the Supreme Council of Justice.

### Other activities

* President of the All-Ukrainian public organization "Association of Taxpayers of Ukraine "(1998-2005 )
* President of the Children's Charitable Foundation "Coast of Hope" (since 2000 )
* Chairman of the Board of the International Public Organization "Kharkiv Community" (since 2000 )
* Chairman of the Union of Citizens' Associations "Public Expert Council on Legislation " (since 2002)
* Chairman of the Kharkiv Regional Organization of the Cultural Foundation of Ukraine (since 2002)
* Member of the Board of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Ukraine (since 2003)
* Member of the Governmental Committee for Economic Development and European Integration (since 2003)
* Member of the High Council of Justice (2004-2010)
* Member of the Supervisory Board of SC "Ukrekokomresursy " (since 2004)

1. "Народний Депутат України". 27 March 2008. Archived from the original on 27 March 2008. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
2. Gazeta.ua (18 June 2014). ""В окружении Порошенко остаются ключевые советники Януковича"". *Gazeta.ua* (in Russian). Retrieved 22 August 2022.
3. "Путешествия в Россию и элитное имущество: кем являются 44 кандидата в Верховный суд". *24 Канал* (in Russian). Retrieved 22 August 2022.

## InfoBox

| Havrysh Stepan Bohdanovych | |
| --- | --- |
| Гавриш Степан Богданович | |
|  | |
| Born | (1952-01-02) 2 January 1952<br>Oleshiv, Tlumatsky, Stanislav, Ukraine |
| Occupation | Ukrainian politician |


title: Stepan Goryachevskikh

abstract: Stepan Goryachevskikh is a Russian-Belarusian professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing HC Lada Togliatti of the Kontinental Hockey League.

text:
# Stepan Goryachevskikh

**Stepan Goryachevskikh** (born 26 June 1985) is a Russian-Belarusian professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing HC Lada Togliatti of the Kontinental Hockey League.

## InfoBox

| Stepan Goryachevskikh | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Stepan Goryachevskikh | | | |
| Born | (1985-06-26) 26 June 1985
Nizhnekamsk, Soviet Union | | |
| Height | 5 ft 10 in (178 cm) | | |
| Weight | 170 lb (77 kg; 12 st 2 lb) | | |
| Position | Goaltender | | |
| Catches | Left | | |
| KHL team
Former teams | *HC Lada Togliatti*
HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk
Yunost Minsk
HC Shakhtyor Soligorsk
Shinnik Bobruisk
HC Donbass | | |
| National team | Belarus | | |
| Playing career | 2003present | | |


title: Colona (plant)

abstract: Colona is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae sensu lato or Tiliaceae: now placed in the subfamily Grewioideae. It is found in south-east Asia.

text:
# Colona (plant)

***Colona*** is a genus of flowering plant in the Malvaceae *sensu lato* or Tiliaceae: now placed in the subfamily Grewioideae. It is found in south-east Asia.

## Species

*Plants of the World Online* lists:

* Media related to *Colona* at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| *Colona* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Colona auriculata*: leaves & capsules | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Malvaceae |
| Subfamily: | Grewioideae |
| Genus: | *Colona*<br>Cav., 1789 |
|
| Species | |
| see text | |


title: Colt M1902

abstract: The Model 1902 is a semi-automatic pistol developed by famous American firearms designer John Browning and produced by the Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company in the early 20th century. The Model 1902 was not a new design, but rather an incremental improvement upon the nearly identical M1900, and would transition from the 1900 into three distinct but related pistols with the same action and cartridge, the 1902 Sporting Model, the 1902 Military model, and the 1903 Pocket Hammer model. The 1902 Sporting model was so similar to the 1900 that it continued the serial number range, while the 1902 Military Model featured a different serial range as did the 1903 Pocket Hammer model. The 1902 Military Model featured a square and lengthened grip frame with an additional round in the magazine, while the 1903 Pocket Hammer featured a shortened barrel and slide but retained the Sporting model grip frame. The Colt M1905.45 ACP pistol would be derived from the same lineage, also with a different serial number range.

text:
# Colt M1902

The **Model 1902** is a semi-automatic pistol developed by famous American firearms designer John Browning and produced by the Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company in the early 20th century. The Model 1902 was not a new design, but rather an incremental improvement upon the nearly identical M1900, and would transition from the 1900 into three distinct but related pistols with the same action and cartridge, the 1902 Sporting Model, the 1902 Military model, and the 1903 Pocket Hammer model. The 1902 Sporting model was so similar to the 1900 that it continued the serial number range, while the 1902 Military Model featured a different serial range as did the 1903 Pocket Hammer model. The 1902 Military Model featured a square and lengthened grip frame with an additional round in the magazine, while the 1903 Pocket Hammer featured a shortened barrel and slide but retained the Sporting model grip frame. The Colt M1905 .45 ACP pistol would be derived from the same lineage, also with a different serial number range.

## Development

In the late 19th century the militaries of many countries, including the United States, were evaluating or in the process of adopting a state of the art semi-automatic service pistol to replace the revolvers in use at the time which were perceived to be outdated. American gun designer John M. Browning wished to join contemporaries such as Hugo Borchardt and Georg Luger in designing a marketable semi-automatic pistol. Browning partnered with the Colt's Manufacturing Company which was hoping to capitalize on the interest in service pistol modernization by procuring large and profitable government military contracts. Their first collaboration produced the Model 1900; it interested the U.S. military enough to lead to the purchase of a few hundred Model 1900 pistols for testing, evaluation and limited field trial issue, however, the limitations of the design prevented its service-wide adoption. The Model of 1902 was basically the same pistol with some improvements meant to address these deficiencies.

The Mauser C96, 1900 Luger, and Colt 1902's had some occasion to be compared to each other in the field. The Mauser tended to be considered the most developed (or mature) in terms of mechanism, featuring a reliable action protected from the elements, manual safety, and a hold open indicating the last shot had been fired and easily convertible to carbine form, however the pistol had reached its developmental peak. The Luger, like the Colt, in 1902–1907, was not yet refined, although it was not only beautifully made, but it was ergonomically classic. The Colt was ergonomically the opposite, having poor balance and a crude grip, it also lacked safety mechanisms (the abandoned and unpopular sight safety was exchanged for no safety at all), and was considered more open to the elements. The Colt 1902 sporting model, used in 1904 Swedish tests (lost out to the FN Browning 1903 9MM), was also found to be not quite sufficiently reliable but the Swedes also mentioned the ergonomic drawbacks. The value of the Colt, however, was that its .38 ACP cartridge was considered superior to both German pistol's cartridges and a step in the right direction (the Swedes mentioned this virtue). The Colt 1902 had room to develop, while the Mauser was already mature and not subject to improvement. The Luger on the other hand would be developed at about the same pace as the Colt 1902, the competition peaking in 1907 when .45 ACP Colt 1905's and 45 ACP Lugers faced off, although in the end both pistols showed insufficient promise in the heavier caliber, and as the United States was committed to the .45 ACP, the basic 1902 design stayed terminally rooted to the .38 ACP and the Luger had a tad more stretch and would find the greatness with the 9 mm parabellum cartridge that would never come to the Colt 1900/1902/1905 series. However the Colt pistols helped sell the semi-automatic pistol concept in the United States and would contribute to the development of the Colt 1911.

## Design details

The M1902 was a short recoil operated pistol derived from the Model of 1900 by the simplification of its internal mechanism and a reduction in the number of internal parts. Browning and Colt also adopted the suggestion of the U.S. Military to add a slide stop to the design. The problematic pivoting rear sight safety of the M1900 which swung back and down to physically block the arc of the pistol's hammer was also removed. Another shortcoming in the M1900 design was brought out by trials held by the British military, who discovered that the pistol had a tendency to fire when dropped. In the M1902, the firing pin's length was reduced to be less than that of the slot it moved in, decreasing the likelihood of such an occurrence unless the firing pin was actually struck by the hammer.

The Model of 1902 was chambered for the same .38 ACP cartridge as was the earlier M1900 pistol. The M1902 pistol for the most part also shared the same hard black rubber grips which were standard on the Model 1900, however, custom grips were also available, especially on presentation versions. The vast majority of Model 1902 pistols were produced with a highly polished, deep and lustrous Colt Royal blued finish, but rarely nickel and silver plated models are encountered, as well as various custom finishes. On some early production Model 1902s the trigger, pins, and grip screws were set off with a fire or nitre blued finish, giving those parts a beautiful cobalt blue hue. The hammer of 1902 pistols usually had a case hardened finish. Earlier production pistols featured either milled straight line or cross-cut checkered slide serrations on the forward end of the slide, which were deleted in later years of production. Although the M1902 was originally intended for the military market, Colt was progressive enough to recognize that commercial merchandizing of the pistol also offered potential revenue and introduced a sporting version of the pistol with a few minor changes. Neither the Military or Sporting versions of the pistol had a manual safety.

The Colt 1902's featured three distinctive hammers for the 1902 sporting model. Two, referred to by Colt as the "high" spur hammer and a rounded hammer, referred to by Colt as the "stub" hammer, were carryovers from 1900 production. Eventually, by 1904, at or just beyond serial 7184, the supply of "high" spur hammers was exhausted and the "stub" hammer became the norm for the sporting model. The 1902 Military Model, started production with "stub" hammers only. The third hammer, which did not see use until late 1907 or early 1908,was a lower profile spur hammer and replaced the stub hammer only in the very last of the sporting models but took position as the sole 1902 Military model hammer from about 1908–09, just prior to that being phased into production alongside the stub hammers.

Due to hand polishing of Colt Automatics through the 1905 Model .45, the depth of any pistol's markings might vary on the same pistol as well as the weight; pistols might vary as much as an ounce when compared. The 1902 Militaries were slightly heavier than the sporting models due to the extended square frame and lanyard loop.

## Variants

Offered between 1902 and 1928, the **Military Model 1902** differed from the sporting version in that the grip handle was a bit longer and square-shaped so as to house one additional round of ammunition in the magazine. The Military model featured the mechanical slide stop and had a lanyard loop on the heel of the grip, it was also slightly heavier. Military models produced prior to 1908 had rounded hammers, while post-1908 models had spur hammers. Colt presented one of these pistols to then-President Theodore Roosevelt. Overall, approximately 18,068 total units of the Military Model 1902 version were produced.

Available from 1902 to 1907, the **Sporting Model 1902** variant was slightly lighter and smaller than the military version, with a more rounded grip frame. In 6 years of production a total of approximately 6927 Sporting versions were manufactured. In the period of 1902–1907 the Sporting Models still outsold the military models, 6,927 to 5,500 and when production of the Sporting Model ended in 1907, sales were still steady. Perhaps unexpectedly, with the end of Sporting model production, the Military Model sales actually began to decline until 1913, with the continued sales of the Model 1905 .45 ACP probably cutting significantly into sales improvement, and then the Colt 1911 .45 ACP came on in 1912 to directly eliminate the Model 1905, the Model 1905 not being able to hold a candle to the more modern pistol. Perhaps this contributed to a jump in sales, as demand for the Colt 1911 outstripped supply, and many pistols still went south to the Mexican Army in small lots or individually, and the excitement of World War I on the horizon probably also spurred a re-interest. However, the number sold only averaged about 1,100 units per year and after 1915, sales dropped steadily with only a trickle being sold, the Military Model's sales did more fading away than ending in 1928.

The 1902 Colt sporting Model was considered by Colt to be a continuation of its 1900 model. Serials picked up at the end of Colt 1900 Model production with serial 4275 in 1902 and continuing into 1907 with 10999. A final offering of the 1902 sporting model was made in 1907 with a special serial run of 191 pistols, 30000–30190.

Through approximately serial number 7184 in 1905, the even serial numbered 1902 sporting models featured the "high" spur hammer of the 1900 Model. Apparently Colt was using up the remaining Model 1900 hammers in Sporting Models while still utilizing the stub hammers with the odd numbered pistols. After the supply of the high Model 1900 hammers was exhausted in 1904, all the sporting models thereafter used rounded hammers until the end of regular production. At the cessation of production of the sporting model, the last 191, presumably non production line pistols utilizing spare parts and specially numbered 30000–30190. Certain deductions can be made giving approximate numbers of the three hammer variations of the sporting model: 1,450 "high" spur hammer pistols made between 1902 and 1904, 5483 round "stub" hammer models shipped up into early 1908. Any "extra" sporting models put together from part stocks and shipped after that period probably had low spur hammers.

The slide serrations on the 1902 sporting model initially continued the sixteen milled plunge serrations on each side as featured in the model 1900. The 1902 Sporting Models looked very much like the Model 1900, however all vestiges of the 1900 sight safety had disappeared. At approximately serial 8000 around April 1905, these serrations were changed to a more modern look of twenty instantly discernible cut serrations as they did not plunge into the slide but cut down to the bottom. The position of the cuts was relatively short lived as the cut serrations were moved to the back of the frame. Certain deductions for the 1902 sporting model can be made: Front milled plunge serrations, number made about 3,725 (1,444 high spur hammer/2,281 stub hammer) (approx); front cut serrations, only about 500? made (all round hammer); rear cut serrations 3,002 made (2,811 stub hammer/191 low spur hammer).

The last sporting model did not see delivery by Colt until 1912. However, its basic design with a shorter barrel survived long after with the continued production of the Colt 1903 Pocket Hammer Model, a relative more closely related to the 1902 Sporting Model than the 1902 Military model. The number of Colt 1902 sporting models delivered to Mexico does not appear to have been great, the 1902 Military proving more popular.

In 1901, the military, in evaluating its test Model 1900 Colts, suggested a longer grip with an additional round in the magazine and a lanyard loop. This brought about the Model 1902 Military model which although inspired by military suggestions, was nonetheless primarily a commercial pistol. It eclipsed the sporting model in sales by about three to one. However, if one considers the production of the 1903 Pocket Hammer models as being just short barreled 1902 Sporting Models, which they basically were, then the 1902 Military comes in second-best.

The 1902 "Military" model was introduced with a new style of front serration, a densely checkered area on the front of the slide immediately discernible from the 1902 Sporting Model's plunge serrations. A longer, squarer grip with a lanyard loop also made it distinctive, and of course the magazine was longer than the sporting model's as it carried an extra round. Less distinctive, but significant, was the addition of a slide stop on the right side of the frame. The 1902 Military Model offered a bit more panache with all these bells and whistles, the 1902 Sporting Model being more plain.

Unlike the sporting model, the 1902 Military committed to the use of the stub hammers. Serial numbers started oddly, the first 300 pistols being numbered 15001–15200, then working backward to 15000–14900, and continuing backwards from 1903 into 1907 serials 14899–11000. In 1907 there commenced a serial run of 15201–15999, then production serials stabilized, in late 1907, starting at 30,200 and continuing to the production end in 1928 at 43,266. Yearly production peaked in 1907 at 1,400, and by 1917, large production numbers were pretty much done, but minimal production continued.

Use of the stub hammers ended approximately in late 1907, and there was a phasing in of lower spur hammers by until around 33000 where the spur hammers take over completely. The front checkered slides reputedly end around serial 11000 in 1906, where the slides then featured the more familiar vertical cut serrations on the rear of the slide. This leads to a deduction that the 1902 Military's with front checkered slides were produced 1902–1906 and numbered about 4,000, all with stub hammers; 1902 military's with rear cut serrations and stub hammers were produced 1906-1908ish and numbered approximately 2,000 (guesstimate); and rear cut serrations and low spur hammers being manufactured starting in 1907 number about between perhaps 11,000–12,000.

## Users

The Model 1902 was never adopted by the U.S. or any other world military organization, probably due to reservations regarding the design's robustness as well as its developmental nature. The largest military purchase (still commercially serialed but military marked) known to date were of 1902 Military Models, 800 pistols in 1908 to Mexico (Mexican Crest on top of slide-rear slide serrations but still round hammers—pearl grips) However, other unmarked 1902 Militaries were purchased in smaller lots, perhaps adding up to several thousand pistols if not more to Mexico alone. The second largest purchase was 500 marked pistols purchased in 1906 through the London Agency (in the 11000 serial range) by the Chilean Navy (round hammer, checkered front slide, slide marked). Sporting Models show occasional purchases also by individuals associated with various governments, but only in single or smaller lots. At least one American observer in Mexico in 1913 mentioned them as the standard pistol of the regular Mexican Army. The US government purchased 200 1902 Militaries (serials 15000–15201) in 1902 for service evaluation of type (round hammer, checkered front slide). The Mexican marked pistols undoubtedly saw service during the Mexican revolution along with other privately acquired Military, Sporting Model, and 1903 Pocket Hammer Colts. The U.S. Army's unsatisfactory experiences several years earlier with .38-caliber pistols used against Moro tribesmen during the Philippine–American War may also have been a factor against larger acceptance of the "large frame" automatics. Events of this conflict called into question the effectiveness of earlier pistols in the 1902's class, ultimately leading to the 1904 Thompson-LaGarde Tests which concluded that for military use, ".38"-caliber cartridges of the time were inadequate and recommended the adoption of a pistol cartridge of at least .45 (11.43 mm) caliber. Colt and Browning responded to these criticisms with the introduction of the Colt Model 1905 pistol chambered in a new .452 in cartridge Browning designed—the .45 ACP. European militaries generally opted for lighter calibers, with the exception of the British (a policy that may have reflected their extensive experience in colonial warfare).

One can only speculate on the type of commercial customer (excluding the military users) that would have purchased the Colt 1902 Sporting and Military Models: perhaps wealthier hunters, fishermen, and adventurers who visited remote areas of the wilderness; businesses, especially those with Latin American offices and projects in remote areas such as mining interests in the US as they had significant and occasional labor unrest (often with very good cause) in the early 20th century; the more modern leaning police of the era who might have evaluated the pistols (no known significant police sales); perhaps shopkeepers who preferred the flat pistol for the counter shelf plus the imposing long barrel and superior rate of fire over robber's revolvers; perhaps those who just liked the look and selected the pistol for personal defense or the home; and of course the casual owners and shooters who liked the novelty.

Prior to 1905, they were clearly "modern" holster pistols and the public and military already understood the value of about 1.5 seconds of seven/eight shot firepower. By 1906, however, unlike the Europeans (except the French and English) who were "sold" on automatics and had been buying them since the turn of the 20th century in a near frenzy, the North American customers were still waiting, perhaps taking their cue from the military, for more robust and powerful automatic pistols. The Colt 1905 .45 ACP, which was really being developed by Colt with military contracts in mind, supplied the most impatient and significantly supplemented Colt 1902 sales while setting the table for US government adoption of the Model 1911. Competition in Europe was overwhelming except in England. Although mainland European sales are noted, the admittedly excellent and safer Mauser M1896's and Lugers took the lion's share of the large frame automatic market. Steyr and others were at least regionally strong.

It is highly possible that the Military Model might have seen increased foreign sales during World War I had not Colt been concentrating on the 1911 (over 80,000 commercial 1911s were delivered to foreign countries during the war, 50,000 to Tzarist Russia alone). These sales might have otherwise gone to the 1902 Military Model.

## Bibliography

* Miller, David (2006). *The History of Browning Firearms*. Guilford, DE. ISBN 978-1-59228-910-3.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Goddard, William, *The Government Models*, 1988, 1998, Andrew Mobray Publishers, Lincoln, RI, ISBN 0-917218-24-8

## InfoBox

| Colt Model 1902 | |
| --- | --- |
| Colt Military Model 1902 | |
| Type | Semi-automatic pistol |
| Place of origin | United States |
| Production history | |
| Designer | John Browning |
| Designed | 1902 |
| Manufacturer | Colt's Manufacturing Company |
| Produced | 1902–1928 (Military Model) 1902–1908 (Sporting Model) |
| No. built | 18,068 (Military Model)
6,927 (Sporting Model) |
| Variants | Military Model, Sporting Model |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 37 oz (1,050 g) (Military Model)
35.5 oz (1,010 g) (Sporting Model) |
| Length | 9 in (230 mm) (Military Model)
8.9 in (230 mm) (Sporting Model) |
| Barrel length | 6 in (150 mm) |
| --- | |
| Cartridge | .38 ACP |
| Action | Short recoil operation |
| Feed system | 8-round detachable box magazine (Military Model)
7-round magazine (Sporting Model) |
| Sights | Fixed open iron sights |


title: Sterling Watson

abstract: Sterling Watson, M.A., is a fiction writer, screenwriter, and was the former director of the Writing Workshop at Eckerd College in St. Petersburg, Florida.

text:
# Sterling Watson

**Sterling Watson**, M.A., is a fiction writer, screenwriter, and was the former director of the Writing Workshop at Eckerd College in St. Petersburg, Florida.

## Early life and education

Watson received his Master of Arts from the University of Florida. He served as the former director of the Writing Workshop for Eckerd College in St. Petersburg, Florida.

## Career

Watson’s first three novels are *Weep No More My Brother*, *The Calling*, and *Blind Tongues*. *Deadly Sweet* is the first in his Eddie Priest series of novels. He’s a co-author with Dennis Lehane of the screenplay *Bad Blood*. His main professional interests are fiction, playwriting, screenwriting, American, British and European short and long fiction, and the theater. He was for five years the fiction editor of *The Florida Quarterly* and taught secondary English and later fiction writing at Raiford Prison. He has won four Florida Arts Council Grants for fiction writing.

In January 2007, Watson participated in Eckerd College's third annual Writers in Paradise writing program which he co-created and co-directs with Lehane.

In January 2023, he released the book *Night Letter*.

## InfoBox

| Sterling Watson
M.A. | |
| --- | --- |
| Occupation | Writer and screenwriter
Professor |
| Subject | Fiction |


title: Colleen Atkinson

abstract: Colleen Atkinson is a camogie player, captain of the Wexford team that won the 2011 All-Ireland Intermediate Camogie Championship

text:
# Colleen Atkinson

**Colleen Atkinson** is a camogie player, captain of the Wexford team that won the 2011 All-Ireland Intermediate Camogie Championship

## Other awards

National Camogie League medals in 2009, 2010 and 2011; National League Division two 2009; Winner of All-Ireland Senior medals in 2007; Leinster Junior 2003 (captain), 2004; Leinster Senior 2003, 2004, 2007; Club Senior 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 (captain), 2009; Leinster Club Senior 2009. All-Ireland club sevens 2006. Colleen's younger sister, Karen is also on the Wexford panel.

## InfoBox

Colleen Atkinson
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Irish name | *Cailín Nic Aidicín* | | |
| Sport | Camogie | | |
| Position | Left Corner Back | | |
| Born | (1986-11-25) 25 November 1986
Wexford, Ireland | | |
| Club(s)\* | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Apps (scores)** |
|  | Oulart–The Ballagh | ? |
| Inter-county(ies)\** | | | |
| Years | **County** | **Apps (scores)** |
|  | Wexford | ? |
| Inter-county titles | | | |
| All-Irelands | 3 | | |
| All Stars | 2 | | |
| * club appearances and scores correct as of (16:31, 30 Sept 2011 (UTC)).
\**Inter County team apps and scores correct as of (16:31, 30 Sept 2011 (UTC)). | | | |


title: Colleen Bawn

abstract: Colleen Bawn is a town in Zimbabwe.

text:
# Colleen Bawn

**Colleen Bawn** is a town in Zimbabwe.

## Location

Colleen Bawn is located in Gwanda District, in Matabeleland South Province, in southwest Zimbabwe. It is approximately 59 kilometres (37 mi), by road, east of Gwanda, the provincial and district headquarters. This is about 191 kilometres (119 mi), by road, southeast of Bulawayo, the nearest large city.

This location lies on Highway A-6, the main road between Bulawayo and Beitbridge, at the international border with the Republic of South Africa. The coordinates of the town are:21° 0' 0.00"S, 29° 12' 36.00"E (Latitude:21.0000; Longitude:29.2100). Colleen Bawn lies at an average elevation of 955 metres (3,133 ft), above mean sea level.

## Overview

Colleen Bawn is supplied with water from *Geelong Weir* on the Mzingwane River, fed by releases of water from *Silalabuhwa Dam*, on the tributary Insiza River. The town grew up around the *Colleen Bawn* gold mine. The prospector who pegged claim to the mine in 1895, named it after an Irish girl with whom he had been acquainted. The mine was opened in 1905 but after the Second World War, limestone became the focal mineral in the area. The limestone is mined by *Pretoria Portland Cement*, who operate a cement factory on the site and have been responsible for recent growth in the town.

## Population

According to the 1982 Population Census, Colleen Bawn had a population of 1,427. In 2004, the population of the town was estimated at 2,545. As of 2020, the population of the town was estimated at 2,492 inhabitants.

## Economy

The Pretoria Portland Cement company, is planning to construct a 32 megawatts solar power plant at the location of its cement manufacturing factory in Colleen Bawn. 16 megawatts of the output of Colleen Bawn Solar Power Station will be consumed by the cement factory, and the remainder will be sold to the Zimbabwean national electricity grid.

## InfoBox

| Colleen Bawn | |
| --- | --- |
| Colleen BawnLocation in Zimbabwe | |
| Coordinates: 21°00′00″S 29°12′36″E / 21.00000°S 29.21000°E / -21.00000; 29.21000 | |
| Country | Zimbabwe |
| Province | Matabeleland South |
| Districts of Zimbabwe | Gwanda District |
| Municipality | Colleen Bawn Town Council |
| Elevation | 3,133 ft (955 m) |
| Population (2020 Estimate) | |
| Total | 2,492 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (CAT) |
| Climate | Cwa |


title: Collits' Inn (radio play)

abstract: Collits' Inn is a 1943 Australian radio play based on the 1932 stage musical of the same name. The ABC broadcast a version again in 1948. Another production aired in 1950. One listener complained "the script-writer took some unwarrantable liberties with it. The story was actually altered in parts, and the dialogue was quite out of character with the period covered by the play, making it disconnected and patchy. Could not the original version of it have been retained and the dialogue simply abridged? " The play was aired again in 1951 as part of an ABC series of musical comedies.

text:
# Collits' Inn (radio play)

***Collits' Inn*** is a 1943 Australian radio play based on the 1932 stage musical of the same name.

The ABC broadcast a version again in 1948.

Another production aired in 1950. One listener complained "the script-writer took some unwarrantable liberties with it. The story was actually altered in parts, and the dialogue was quite out of character with the period covered by the play, making it disconnected and patchy. Could not the original version of it have been retained and the dialogue simply abridged? "

The play was aired again in 1951 as part of an ABC series of musical comedies.

## InfoBox

Collits' Inn
| Genre | musical play |
| --- | --- |
| Running time | 60mins |
| Country of origin | Australia |
| Language(s) | English |
| Home station | 2FC |
| Syndicates | ABC |
| Written by | Stuart Gurr<br>Varney Monk |
| Original release | October 16, 1943 (1943-10-16) |


title: Come Come Come Baby

abstract: Come Come Come Baby is the third Korean-language studio album by South Korean girl group Baby V.O.X. It was released on July 22, 1999, by DR Music. The album earned them the Top Excellency Award at the 1999 Seoul Music Awards. The album sold over 200,000 copies in South Korea.

text:
# Come Come Come Baby

***Come Come Come Baby*** is the third Korean-language studio album by South Korean girl group Baby V.O.X. It was released on July 22, 1999, by DR Music. The album earned them the Top Excellency Award at the 1999 Seoul Music Awards. The album sold over 200,000 copies in South Korea.

## Track listing

1. Intro
2. Get Up
3. Missing You
4. Killer
5. 꽃무늬 비키니
6. 사랑해요
7. Mask
8. 하늘과 함께한 사랑
9. Summer Story
10. 웃어요
11. Love and Ecstasy
12. Get up-Mr

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Come Come Come Baby | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Baby V.O.X | |
| Released | July 22, 1999 |
| Recorded | 1999 |
| Genre | K-pop, dance, Ballad |
| Length | 44:14 |
| Language | Korean |
| Label | DR Music |
| Producer | Kim Hyung-suk |
| Baby V.O.X chronology | |
| *Baby V.O.X II*
(1998) ***Come Come Come Baby***
(1999) *Why*
(2000) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Come Come Come Baby* | |
| 1. "Get Up"
Released: July 22, 1999 2. "Killer"
Released: July 22, 1999 3. "Missing You"
Released: July 22, 1999 | |
|  | |


title: Collpa Janca

abstract: Collpa Janca is a mountain in the northern part of the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately 4,800 m (15,748 ft). It is located in the Ancash Region, Corongo Province, Cusca District, and in the Huaylas Province, Yuracmarca District. Collpa Janca lies northeast of Champará.

text:
# Collpa Janca

**Collpa Janca** (possibly from Quechua *qullpa* salty, saltpeter, *hanka* snowcapped ridge or peak; ice, "salty ridge") is a mountain in the northern part of the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately 4,800 m (15,748 ft). It is located in the Ancash Region, Corongo Province, Cusca District, and in the Huaylas Province, Yuracmarca District. Collpa Janca lies northeast of Champará.

## InfoBox

| Collpa Janca | |
| --- | --- |
| Collpa JancaPeru | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 4,800 m (15,700 ft) |
| Coordinates | 8°40′06″S 77°45′45″W / 8.66833°S 77.76250°W / -8.66833; -77.76250 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Peru, Ancash Region |
| Parent range | Andes, Cordillera Blanca |


title: Come Alive (The War of the Roses)

abstract: "Come Alive" is a song by American singer Janelle Monáe. It was released as a free digital download in September 2009 as a promotional song for Kia Motors' Kia Soul Collective project, and was the first song announced from Monáe's debut studio album The ArchAndroid (2010). Critics praised Monáe's vocal range and delivery of the song, as well as a mix of genres such as rock and roll and new wave. Monáe often performs the song as the closer to her live performances.

text:
# Come Alive (The War of the Roses)

"**Come Alive (The War of the Roses)**" is a song by American singer Janelle Monáe. It was released as a free digital download in September 2009 as a promotional song for Kia Motors' Kia Soul Collective project, and was the first song announced from Monáe's debut studio album *The ArchAndroid* (2010). Critics praised Monáe's vocal range and delivery of the song, as well as a mix of genres such as rock and roll and new wave. Monáe often performs the song as the closer to her live performances.

## Promotion and release

In 2009, Janelle Monáe was announced as a member of the Kia Soul Collective project, a collective of artists promoting the Kia Soul crossover vehicle. "Come Alive (The War of the Roses)" was unveiled on September 29, 2009, as a free digital download on the promotion's website. The website also showed behind-the-scenes recordings of the song at Wondaland Art Society (where Monáe also described her respect for James Brown's delivery and performance).

Atlanta-based digital content creators Ideas United uploaded a video Monáe filming a music video for "Come Alive (The War of the Roses)" at the Palace of the Dogs (a location where the video for her single "Tightrope" (2010) was filmed.) The music video (called an "emotion picture") depicted Monáe as Patient 57821 at a medical facility, where she rebels against the doctors who forcibly collect "imaginations" from the patients. The completed video was never officially released.

As a part of the Kia Soul Collective promotions, Kia Motors held a series of free concerts, one of which featured Fool's Gold and Monáe in West Hollywood, California on November 7, 2009.

## Live performances

"Come Alive (The War of the Roses)" has been performed as a final song or during the encore of during Monáe's ArchAndroid Tour (2010), Hooligans in Wondaland (2011) and The Electric Lady Tour (2013), as well as multiple festival performances such as Glastonbury Festival 2011. Monáe performs the song as a 10-minute extended version, incorporating call and response. During the performances, Monáe and her band members lie down on the stage, and Monáe asks the audience to lie down as well. The band and Monáe continue to sing the song while they are on lying on the stage. Critics such as Dan Meade of The Manic American have praised Monáe's "commanding" stage presence during performances of "Come Alive", while others have praised how high energy Monáe's performance is. In 2020, Monáe performed a version of the song to open the 92nd Academy Awards ceremony, with the lyrics modified to reference the event.

## Critical reception

"Come Alive (The War of the Roses)" was positively received by music critics. Bradley Stern of *MuuMuse* praised the song as "smart, it's solid, and it's way, way out of control", and praised Monáe's vocal delivery. Arjan Timmermans described the song as "a straight up, classic rock 'n roll gem with Monae grooving and hollering in her own unique way", while Pretty Much Amazing called the song a "complete win", describing the song as an "overpowering, almost frightening rock 'n' roll number".

Critics noted the song's bassline's similarity to The B-52's's "Rock Lobster" (1978), but also likened the song to the works of Tina Turner, Janis Joplin, James Brown and the Violent Femmes' "Blister in the Sun" (1983). Monáe's vocal range and delivery in the song were praised, as well as the mix of genres such as rock, swing music and new wave.

In 2015, music review blog Live in Limbo contributor Andreas Babiolakis named "Come Alive (The War of the Roses)" the 17th best song released in the past five years, calling it one of the more unappreciated songs from *The ArchAndroid*.

## Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of *The ArchAndroid*, Wondaland Arts Society, in association with Bad Boy Records.

## InfoBox

| "Come Alive (The War of the Roses)" | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional single by Janelle Monáe | |
| from the album  *The ArchAndroid* | |
| Released | September 29, 2009 |
| Recorded | 2009 |
| Studio | Wondaland Studios (Atlanta) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 3:22 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | * Nate "Rocket" Wonder * Chuck Lightning * Janelle Monáe |


title: Come All You Madmen

abstract: Come All You Madmen is the fourth album from Los Angeles–based punk rock band The Briggs. The album was released June 17, 2008, through SideOneDummy Records and was produced by The Mighty Mighty Bosstones' Joe Gittleman, as with their previous album Back to Higher Ground.

text:
# Come All You Madmen

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AbsolutePunk.net | (68%) link |
| Allmusic | link |

***Come All You Madmen*** is the fourth album from Los Angeles–based punk rock band The Briggs. The album was released June 17, 2008, through SideOneDummy Records and was produced by The Mighty Mighty Bosstones' Joe Gittleman, as with their previous album *Back to Higher Ground*.

## Track listing

1. "Madmen" – 2:31
2. "This Is L.A." – 3:40
3. "Bloody Minds" – 4:06
4. "What Was I Thinking?" – 2:46
5. "Charge Into The Sun" – 3:14
6. "Not Alone" – 3:43
7. "Ship of Fools" – 2:58
8. "This Ship Is Now Sinking" – 3:31
9. "Oblivion" – 4:03
10. "Until Someone Gets Hurt" – 3:02
11. "Final Words" – 3:38
12. "Molly" – 4:30

## Personnel

### Band members

* Jason LaRocca – guitar, vocals
* Joey LaRocca – vocals, guitar
* Ryan Roberts – bass guitar
* Chris X - drums

### Additional musicians

1. Punknews.org | The Briggs detail "Come All You Madmen"
2. Punknews.org | The Briggs detail "Come All You Madmen"

## InfoBox

| Come All You Madmen | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by The Briggs | |
| Released | June 17, 2008 |
| Genre | Punk rock |
| Label | SideOneDummy |
| Producer | Joe Gittleman |
| The Briggs chronology | |
| *Back to Higher Ground*
(2006) ***Come All You Madmen***
(2008) | |


title: Come All You Warriors

abstract:
"Come All You Warriors" is a ballad concerning the 1798 Rising. The narrative focuses on the predominant figure in the Wexford Rising, Father John Murphy of the parish of Boulavogue. The song was written within a couple of years of the Rising, and is one of the bases for "Boulavogue", written by P.J. McCall 100 years later for the centenary commemorations. The song is referenced in the Memoirs of Joseph Holt, general of the Irish rebels in 1798, where he states: 'The fragments of a popular song of this period, which I picked up last summer (1836) in a tour through the county of Wexford asserts that
At the Windmill hills, and at Enniscorthy,
The British fencibles they ran like deers,
But our ranks were scattered and sorely battered,
For the want of Kyan and his Shelmaliers.'

text:
# Come All You Warriors

"**Come All You Warriors**" (also known as "**Father Murphy**") is a ballad concerning the 1798 Rising. The narrative focuses on the predominant figure in the Wexford Rising, Father John Murphy of the parish of Boulavogue.

The song was written within a couple of years of the Rising, and is one of the bases for "Boulavogue", written by P.J. McCall 100 years later for the centenary commemorations.

The song is referenced in the *Memoirs of Joseph Holt, general of the Irish rebels in 1798*, where he states:

> 'The fragments of a popular song of this period, which I picked up last summer (1836) in a tour through the county of Wexford asserts that
>
> *At the Windmill hills, and at Enniscorthy,*
> *The British fencibles they ran like deers,*
> *But our ranks were scattered and sorely battered,*
> *For the want of Kyan and his Shelmaliers.*'

## Recordings

* The song was recorded twice by Frank Harte on the albums *Dublin Street Songs / Through Dublin City* and *1798, The First Year of Liberty*.
* It is sung by Jerry O'Reilly on the album *The Croppy's Complaint*
* A slightly different version with alternate first verse was sung by Phil Berry on the albums *Father and Son* and *Wexford Ballads 1798*, which also contains other songs of the Rising.

## References and notes


title: Come All Ye Faithless

abstract: Come All Ye Faithless is the third and final studio album by post-punk band Death of Samantha, released in 1989 on Homestead Records.

text:
# Come All Ye Faithless

***Come All Ye Faithless*** is the third and final studio album by post-punk band Death of Samantha, released in 1989 on Homestead Records.

## Release and reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

AllMusic critic Fred Beldin felt that it was an excellent record, writing: "Vocalist John Petkovic has an idiosyncratic snarl that might take getting used to, but once overcome the literary bent of the lyrics emerges and his sneer becomes part of the poetry. Doug Gillard pours out fluid lead guitar melodies that can break into atonal skronk at will without jarring the listener, and the rhythm section of Dave Swanson and Steve-O is tight but loose enough to swing in and out of the beat." He gave it 4.5 out of 5 stars, concluding that "Cobra Verde and Guided By Voices fans owe it to themselves to track down the records of this seminal band." Glenn Kenny of *Trouser Press* said that while *Come All Ye Faithless* is noticeably darker and lacks the exuberance of its predecessor, it "presents a terrific set of songs with which to crawl into a dark corner"

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Death of Samantha

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Announcement" | 0:27 |
| 2. | "Roses Rejoice" | 6:22 |
| 3. | "Rosenberg Summer" | 4:04 |
| 4. | "Geisha Girl" | 4:50 |
| 5. | "Now It's Your Turn (To Be a Martyr)" | 4:05 |
| 6. | "Looking for a Face" | 4:48 |
| 7. | "Machine Language" | 3:28 |
| 8. | "Oh, Laughter" | 7:07 |
| 9. | "New Soldier, New Sailor" | 3:56 |
| 10. | "Nostalgically Yours" | 1:09 |
| 11. | "Come to Me" | 8:14 |
| 12. | "Amnesia" | 1:13 |

## Personnel

Adapted from the *Come All Ye Faithless* liner notes.

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | 1989 | Homestead | CD, LP | HMS 150 |

## InfoBox

| Come All Ye Faithless | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Death of Samantha | |
| Released | 1989 |
| Genre | Post-punk |
| Length | 49:51 |
| Label | Homestead |
| Producer | Alan McGinty, Chris Burgess |
| Death of Samantha chronology | |
| *Where the Women Wear the Glory and the Men Wear the Pants*
(1988) ***Come All Ye Faithless***
(1989) *If Memory Serves Us Well*
(2013) | |


title: Colony Palms Hotel

abstract: The Colony Palms Hotel is located in Palm Springs, California. The hotel has 57 rooms and suites. It re-opened after a 2007 renovation, and features the "Winner's Circle Suite" in honor of previous owners, Robert S. and Andrea Leeds Howard.

text:
# Colony Palms Hotel

The **Colony Palms Hotel** is located in Palm Springs, California. The hotel has 57 rooms and suites.

It re-opened after a 2007 renovation, and features the "Winner's Circle Suite" in honor of previous owners, Robert S. and Andrea Leeds Howard (owners of the racehorse Seabiscuit).

## History

The Colony Palms Hotel was originally built as the "Colonial House" by Las Vegas casino owner and Purple Gang member Al Wertheimer. The hotel began receiving guests in 1936, and had a reputed downstairs speakeasy and brothel. It was renamed "Howard Manor" in the late 1940s when Robert and Andrea Leeds Howard took possession. (Robert Howard was the son of Charles S. Howard.) Boxing champion Jack Dempsey was also an owner. For the next 25 years the hotel was a haven for young Hollywood in Palm Springs.

In the 1970s, it became a health spa called The Palms operated by Sheila Cluff (owner of The Oaks in Ojai, California).

The original hotel had a mural on the wall that was Botticelli-esque in nature, with some frolicking nudes. The new owner (Steve Ohren) preserved the original mural from 1935 when redesigning the resort with Martyn Lawrence-Bullard.

1. Moore, Dawn (December 2007). "Shine on Colony Palms: A passion for preservation returns a historic property to it seductive side". *Palm Springs Life*.
2. Niemann, Greg (2006). "Ch. 46: Do You Remember? Gone But Not Forgotten". *Palm Springs Legends: creation of a desert oasis*. San Diego, CA: Sunbelt Publications. p. 286. ISBN 978-0-932653-74-1. OCLC 61211290. (here for Table of Contents)
3. Vincent, Roger (June 18, 2012). "L.A. investors acquire Palm Springs hotel". *Los Angeles Times*. Retrieved September 16, 2012. (with correction on: "For the record" (June 22, 2012). *Los Angeles Times*)
4. http://www.thedesertsun.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060528/BUSINESS01/605280330 (subscription required)

## InfoBox

| Colony Palms Hotel | |
| --- | --- |
| Location in California | |
| General information | |
| Address | 572 N. Indian Canyon Dr.
Palm Springs, California |
| Coordinates | 33°49′53″N 116°32′42″W / 33.8315°N 116.5450°W / 33.8315; -116.5450 |
| Opening | 1936 |
| Owner | Michael Rosenfeld
(Woodridge Capital Partners) |
| Management | Colony Palms Hotel |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 2 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Martyn Lawrence-Bullard
(2007 renovation) |
| Developer | Al Wertheimer |
| Other information | |
| Number of rooms | 52 |
| Number of suites | 5 |
| Number of restaurants | 1 |
| Website | |
| Colony Palms Hotel | |


title: Collette Hope

abstract: Collette Hope is a Guyanese former rugby union player and a former footballer who played as a defender. She has been a member of both the Guyana women's national rugby union team and the Guyana women's national football team.

text:
# Collette Hope

**Collette Hope** (born 21 December 1980) is a Guyanese former rugby union player and a former footballer who played as a defender. She has been a member of both the Guyana women's national rugby union team and the Guyana women's national football team.

## Early life

Hope hails Victoria, Demerara-Mahaica.

## International career

Hope capped for Guyana at senior level during the 2010 CONCACAF Women's World Cup Qualifying qualification.

## InfoBox

Collette Hope
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1980-12-21) 21 December 1980 | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Eagles United |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 2010 | Guyana | 8 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 2 November 2010 | | | |


title: Collette Hoard

abstract: The Collette Hoard was found in fields near Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland, England by metal detectorist John Minns in April 2005. The hoard is named after Collette, the eight-year-old daughter of Minns, rather than the location it was found at, in order to keep the find location secret. The hoard included six gold lock rings, believed to have been hair decorations, as well as bracelets, rings and pins and also six socketed axes which could have been used either for woodworking or as weapons, and the first socketed gouge – a tool which would have been used by craftsmen – to be found in Northumberland.

text:
# Collette Hoard

55°46′16″N 2°00′25″W / 55.771°N 2.007°W / 55.771; -2.007

The **Collette Hoard** was found in fields near Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland, England by metal detectorist John Minns in April 2005. The hoard is named after Collette, the eight-year-old daughter of Minns, rather than the location it was found at, in order to keep the find location secret.

The hoard included six gold lock rings, believed to have been hair decorations, as well as bracelets, rings and pins and also six socketed axes which could have been used either for woodworking or as weapons, and the first socketed gouge – a tool which would have been used by craftsmen – to be found in Northumberland.

## InfoBox

| Collette Hoard | |
| --- | --- |
| Material | Gold |
| Period/culture | Bronze Age |
| Discovered | Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland by John Minns in April, 2005 |
| Present location | Great North Museum, Newcastle upon Tyne |
| Identification | 2005 T120 (Fig 64) |


title: Steve Levitt (actor)

abstract: Steve Levitt is an American actor and screenwriter who has appeared in films and on television. He is a graduate of The Julliard School. He is best known for his role in the 1987 movie Hunk as Bradley Brinkman and a recurring role in the Showtime TV series The Paper Chase.

text:
# Steve Levitt (actor)

**Steve Levitt** (born February 29, 1960) is an American actor and screenwriter who has appeared in films and on television. He is a graduate of The Julliard School. He is best known for his role in the 1987 movie *Hunk* as Bradley Brinkman and a recurring role in the Showtime TV series *The Paper Chase*.

## Career

Levitt's first feature film was in the 1980 movie *Those Lips, Those Eyes*, he also appeared in the 1983 comedy movie *Private School* as a bellboy. He appeared in the 1986 film *Last Resort* and *The Experts* in 1989.

Levitt has starred in TV movies such as *Bill* (1981), *Malibu* (1983), *The Incredible Hulk Returns* (1988) as Donald Blake, and *Get Smart, Again!* (1989). He starred in the short lived TV series *The Boys* as Gil.

Levitt jumped behind the camera in 1993, writing and directing a 30-minute film entitled *Deaf Heaven* about the AIDS crisis. He followed that up by penning the Val Kilmer film *At First Sight* (1999). He went on to write scripts for almost all major studios before retiring in 2011.

## Personal life

Levitt is a Buddhist teacher and chaplain at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1980 | *Those Lips, Those Eyes* | Westervelt |  |
| 1982 | *Airplane II: The Sequel* | Creature #1 |  |
| 1983 | *Private School* | Bellboy |  |
| 1986 | *Last Resort* | Pierre |  |
| 1987 | *Hunk* | Bradley Brinkman |  |
| 1988 | *Blue Movies* | Buzz |  |
| 1989 | *The Experts* | Gil |  |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1981 | *Father Murphy* | Philbert Potts | Episode: "The Ghost of Gold Hill" |
| 1981 | *Bill* | Student | Television film |
| 1983 | *Malibu* | Groopy | |
| 1984 | *Partners in Crime* | Michael | Episode: "Pilot" |
| 1984, 1986 | *Hardcastle and McCormick* | Ivan / Peter Trigg | 2 episodes |
| 1984–1986 | *The Paper Chase* | Stotz | 14 episodes |
| 1987 | *CBS Summer Playhouse* | Little Bud Stone | Episode: "Puppetman" |
| 1988 | *227* | Glenn Gibson | Episode: "My Aching Back" |
| 1988 | *The Incredible Hulk Returns* | Donald Blake | Television film |
| 1988–1989 | *The Boys* | Sandy | 3 episodes |
| 1989 | *Get Smart, Again!* | Beamish | Television film |
| 1991 | *Danger Team* | Chris Norman | |

1. Jankiewicz, Patrick A. *You Wouldn't Like Me When I'm Angry: A Hulk Companion*. BearManor Media.
2. Atwood, Hal (30 July 2018). "Advice From a Queer Sangha Leader - Lions Roar". Retrieved 2023-05-10.

## InfoBox

| Steve Levitt | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Steve Howard Levitt
(1960-02-29) February 29, 1960
Santa Monica, California, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | Actor, screenwriter |
| Years active | 1977–1991, 2020–present |