title: Charles Eggleston

abstract: Charles Richard Eggleston was a photographer with United Press International who was killed in combat in Vietnam where he was covering the ongoing war.

text:
# Charles Eggleston

**Charles Richard Eggleston** (November 1945  May 6, 1968) was a photographer with United Press International who was killed in combat in Vietnam where he was covering the ongoing war.

## Early life

A graduate of Indian River Central High School in Philadelphia, New York, Eggleston moved to Gouverneur after he graduated from Auburn Community College, and enlisted in the US Navy where he became a journalist.

## Career

He was twice awarded as a Navy journalist. In 1966, he asked to be discharged, and became a UPI photographer in the country instead. Sometime before April 1968, he was wounded during a mortar attack against Camp Eagle where he was stationed with the 101st Airborne.

## Tet Offensive

In May 1968, a jeep carrying five journalists accidentally came across Viet Cong massing outside Saigon during the Tet Offensive. Despite the journalists' attempts to dissuade the startled Viet Cong soldiers, four out of the five were shot and killed. Twenty-three-year-old Eggleston swore vengeance, and announced his intention to kill as many Viet Cong as possible.

It remains disputed whether he was participating in the May 6th firefight on the Western outskirts of Saigon, or simply photographing it, when he was killed by a bullet to the skull. Most sources agree that he was at least carrying a rifle, if not actually using it. He was the 17th journalist killed in the war. His will had indicated that his possessions were to be given to war orphans.

On May 17, *Time* reported his death, stating that he had been photographing South Vietnamese paratroopers in a house-to-house search, at the time of the firefight. Other sources indicate that reporter Roger Norum was tape recording a conversation with him during the streetfight, and saw Eggleston shot by a sniper while lighting a cigarette.

## Awards

While serving in Vietnam, he was awarded two bronze stars, two Navy commendation medals and South Vietnam's Honor Medal.

1. "United Press International - About Us - Unipresser Anecdotes 1961-1970". Archived from the original on 2007-07-15. Retrieved 2006-06-08.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), UPI.
2. "A More Dangerous War - TIME". Archived from the original on 2007-08-15. Retrieved 2013-10-18.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), *Time*, 17 May 1968.
3. "Requiem: The death of Charlie Eggleston", Digital Journalist.


title: Lilaeus (mythology)

abstract: According to Pseudo-Plutarch's Treatise on Rivers and Mountains, Lilaeus was an Indian shepherd who angered the gods and was punished for it.

text:
# Lilaeus (mythology)

According to Pseudo-Plutarch's *Treatise on Rivers and Mountains*, **Lilaeus** (Ancient Greek: Λίλαιος, *Lílaios*) was an Indian shepherd who angered the gods and was punished for it.

## Mythology

A shepherd in India named Lilaeus acknowledged only the Moon (the goddess Selene) among the gods, and only honoured her by performing her rituals and mysteries during the night. The other gods were angered over his actions and rejection of them, and sent two wild lions that tore him apart. Selene then transformed her adorer into a mountain, known as Mount Lilaeon (Ancient Greek: Λίλαιον, *Lílaion*), situated somewhere near the Indus river.

The author of *Treatise on Rivers and Mountains*, now known not to have been the actual Plutarch, attributed this story to Clitophon the Rhodian's first book of *Indian Relations*, perhaps writing down a local Indian tale using the names of the Greek gods via *interpretatio graeca*.


abstract: Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul - is an Orthodox church in Shadrinka village, Sverdlovsk oblast. The building was granted the status of regional significance on 18 February 1991. The object number of cultural heritage of regional significance is 661410159470005.

text:
# Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul, Shadrinka

**Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul** \- is an Orthodox church in Shadrinka village, Sverdlovsk oblast.

The building was granted the status of regional significance on 18 February 1991 (decision № 75 by the executive committee of Sverdlovsk oblast Council of People's Deputies). The object number of cultural heritage of regional significance is 661410159470005.

## History

The church is located in the northern part of the village, on the left bank of the Shavushka River.

It is made of stone. There is one altar in the church. The building construction began in 1863. The church was consecrated in the name of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul on 4 November 1868. The parish consists of six villages. There were two stone chapels in two villages. The number of parishioners was little more than 2000. The parishional school worked in Shadrinka village.

The church was closed in 1930. The building was returned to the ROC in 1992. It is being renovated nowadays. The church functions.

## Architecture

The building consists of three parts: a temple with a pentagonal apse, a refectory and a bell tower, on the sides of the base - porches. The main part of the building has the form of cube. The four-sloped roof is decorated with five domes. The walls are ornamented with pilasters and deepening vertical stripes. The small upper window openings are shallow arched. The lower ones – with subtle arch outlines. Under the first row of window openings are horizontal deepenings.

The belfry is two-tiered, crowned with a tent with eight-slope roof. The second tier is decorated with a "weave" of keeled arches and small corbel-arches.

## Literature

## InfoBox

| Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul | |
| --- | --- |
| Церковь Петра и Павла | |
|  | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Shadrinka |
| Coordinates | 57°33′54″N 63°28′02″E / 57.565000°N 63.467220°E / 57.565000; 63.467220 |
| Completed | the end of the 19th century |


abstract: Flag Officer Commanding Karnataka Naval Area (FOK) is a senior appointment in the Indian Navy. One of the five Area Commanders of the Indian Navy, the FOK is a two star admiral holding the rank of Rear Admiral. The FOK is responsible for the operations and administration of all units and establishments in Karnataka, including the Naval Base Karwar. The Current FOK is Rear Admiral K. M. Ramakrishnan, VSM, who assumed office on 1 April 2023.

text:
# Flag Officer Commanding Karnataka Naval Area

**Flag Officer Commanding Karnataka Naval Area (FOK)** is a senior appointment in the Indian Navy. One of the five Area Commanders of the Indian Navy, the FOK is a two star admiral holding the rank of Rear Admiral. The FOK is responsible for the operations and administration of all units and establishments in Karnataka, including the Naval Base Karwar. The Current FOK is Rear Admiral K. M. Ramakrishnan, VSM, who assumed office on 1 April 2023.

## History

In 1999, following Pokhran-II, then Defence Minister George Fernandes approved *Project Seabird* to pursue the construction of the new naval base at Karwar in the state of Karnataka. The first phase of construction of the base was completed in 2005 and the base was commissioned on 31 May 2005.

Headquarters Karnataka Naval Area (HQKNA) thus came into being on 31 May 2005. Commodore K. P. Ramachandran, VSM was appointed the first Commodore-in-Charge Karwar (COMINKAR). The COMINKAR also discharged the duties of Naval Officer-in-Charge Karnataka (NOIC (KTK)) and Commanding Officer INS Kadamba. After three incumbents serving as COMINKAR, the billet was upgraded to two-star rank and rechristened *Flag Officer Commanding Karnataka Naval Area* (FOK) in 2011. Rear Admiral Atul Kumar Jain was the first FOK who took over on 3 October 2011.

## Organisation

The FOK is assisted by the NOIC (KTK), a one-star appointment. The NOIC (KTK) also serves as the chief staff officer at Headquarters Karnataka Naval Area (HQKNA). The FOK is responsible to the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Naval Command for the operations and administration of all units and establishments in Karnataka. This includes all ships and submarines based at the Karwar Naval Base as well. The establishments under the FOK include:

## List of Commanders

| S.No. | Name | Assumed office | Left office | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Commodore-in-Charge Karwar (COMINKAR)** | | | | |
| 1 | Commodore K. P. Ramachandran VSM | 31 May 2005 | 26 April 2007 | First COMINKAR. |
| 2 | Commodore C. G. Silar Khan VSM | 27 April 2007 | 31 August 2009 |  |
| 3 | Commodore Rajiv Jaswal | 1 September 2009 | 3 October 2011 |  |
| **Flag Officer Commanding Karnataka Naval Area (FOK)** | | | | |
| 4 | Rear Admiral Atul Kumar Jain VSM | 3 October 2011 | 8 August 2013 | First FOK. Later Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Naval Command and Chief of Integrated Defence Staff. |
| 5 | Rear Admiral C. S. Murthy NM | 10 August 2013 | 26 March 2015 |  |
| 6 | Rear Admiral Satishkumar Namdeo Ghormade NM | 27 March 2015 | 18 October 2015 | Later Vice Chief of the Naval Staff. |
| 7 | Rear Admiral Ravindra Jayant Nadkarni VSM | 19 October 2015 | 11 October 2016 | Later Flag Officer Defence Advisory Group. |
| 8 | Rear Admiral K. J. Kumar VSM | 11 October 2016 | 29 March 2019 | Later Flag Officer Commanding Tamil Nadu & Puducherry Naval Area. |
| 9 | Rear Admiral Mahesh Singh NM | 30 March 2019 | 19 December 2021 | Later Flag Officer Defence Advisory Group. |
| 10 | Rear Admiral Atul Anand VSM | 20 December 2021 | 30 March 2023 | Current Additional Secretary of the Department of Military Affairs. |
| 11 | Rear Admiral K. M. Ramakrishnan VSM | 1 April 2023 | Present | Current FOK. |
|

## Bibliography

* Doraibabu, M; Godbole, Amrut (2023), *A Decade of Transformation: The Indian Navy 2011-2021*, Harper Collins Publishers India, ISBN 9789394407909

## InfoBox

| Flag Officer Commanding
Karnataka Naval Area
(FOK) | |
| --- | --- |
| Flag of the FOK (Rear Admiral's flag) | |
| Incumbent
Rear Admiral K. M. Ramakrishnan, VSM
since 1 April 2023 | |
| Indian Navy | |
| Abbreviation | FOK |
| Reports to | Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Naval Command |
| Seat | Karwar |
| First holder | Commodore K. P. Ramachandran (as COMINKAR) |


title: The Squaw Man (1918 film)

abstract: The Squaw Man is a 1918 American silent Western film directed by Cecil B. DeMille. It is a remake of DeMille's 1914 film of the same name, which is based upon a 1905 play by Edwin Milton Royle. The film was reportedly made as an experiment to prove DeMille's theory that a good film is based on a good story. It cost $40,000 to make and grossed $350,000. It would be remade again by DeMille in 1931.

text:
# The Squaw Man (1918 film)

***The Squaw Man*** is a 1918 American silent Western film directed by Cecil B. DeMille. It is a remake of DeMille's 1914 film of the same name, which is based upon a 1905 play by Edwin Milton Royle. The film was reportedly made as an experiment to prove DeMille's theory that a good film is based on a good story. It cost $40,000 to make and grossed $350,000. It would be remade again by DeMille in 1931.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine, Jim Wynnegate (Dexter), a young Englishman, assumes the guilt for the embezzlement of trust funds that were lost in speculation by his cousin Henry (Hall). He embarks to the United States and settles in the west, where he buys a ranch. In a quarrel with Cash Hawkins (Holt), Jim is saved from death by Naturich (Little), a young Indian woman, who shoots the outlaw. He marries her out of gratitude and becomes known as the squaw man. Soon a son is born, and five years pass. His cousin Henry dies and Jim is summoned back to England to assume the title Earl of Kerhill, he having been exonerated by the deathbed confession of his cousin. He decides to send his son home to England, and the parting between the mother and son are most pathetic. Naturich, about to be arrested for the killing of Hawkins, commits suicide while huddled among her child's playthings.

## Cast

## Reception

Like many American films of the time, *The Squaw Man* was subject to restrictions and cuts by city and state film censorship boards. For example, the Chicago Board of Censors required a cut, in Reel 4, of the intertitle "By God, you've got to make her happy", the shooting of Cash Hawkins, the shooting of the man in an ambush, and the modification of the plot by the transposition of the scenes of baby moccasins, etc., to indicate that the marriage had taken place prior to when any intimacy between Naturich and Jim Wynnegate had taken place, which would include placing the intertitle "Send for the Justice of the Peace" before the moccasin scene.

## Preservation

Incomplete 16 mm and 35 mm prints of *The Squaw Man* are held by the George Eastman Museum. Otherwise, the film is considered lost.

## InfoBox

| The Squaw Man | |
| --- | --- |
| Film still with Jack Holt and Elliott Dexter | |
| Directed by | Cecil B. DeMille |
| Written by | Beulah Marie Dix (scenario, story) |
| Based on | *The Squaw Man*
1905 play
by Edwin Milton Royle |
| Produced by | Cecil B. DeMille |
| Starring | Elliott Dexter |
| Cinematography | King D. Gray
Alvin Wyckoff |
| Edited by | Anne Bauchens |
| Production
company | Famous Players–Lasky Corporation |
| Distributed by | Artcraft Pictures Corporation |
| Release date | * December 15, 1918 (1918-12-15) |
| Running time | 6 reels |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Silent
English intertitles |


title: Codex Atlanticus

abstract: The Codex Atlanticus is a 12-volume, bound set of drawings and writings by Leonardo da Vinci, the largest single set. Its name indicates the large paper used to preserve original Leonardo notebook pages, which was used for atlases. It comprises 1,119 leaves dating from 1478 to 1519, the contents covering a great variety of subjects, from flight to weaponry to musical instruments and from mathematics to botany. This codex was gathered in the late 16th century by the sculptor Pompeo Leoni, who dismembered some of Leonardo's notebooks in its formation. It is now in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan.

text:
# Codex Atlanticus

The **Codex Atlanticus** (**Atlantic Codex**) is a 12-volume, bound set of drawings and writings (in Italian) by Leonardo da Vinci, the largest single set. Its name indicates the large paper used to preserve original Leonardo notebook pages, which was used for atlases. It comprises 1,119 leaves dating from 1478 to 1519, the contents covering a great variety of subjects, from flight to weaponry to musical instruments and from mathematics to botany. This codex was gathered in the late 16th century by the sculptor Pompeo Leoni, who dismembered some of Leonardo's notebooks in its formation. It is now in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan.

## Description

The Codex Atlanticus is the largest single collection of drawings and writings (in Italian) by polymath Leonardo da Vinci, containing 1,119 paper leaves (2,238 pages) arranged into 12 leather-bound volumes. Its size and scope has led art historian Carlo Pedretti to recognize it as the most important of Leonardo's manuscripts. The pages are in various sizes, "from folded sheets to minute fragments." They range from 1478 to 1519 and cover Leonardo's entire professional career through Florence, Milan, Rome, and Amboise.

## Contents

The codex contains drawings and writings on a diverse range of subjects, including studies and sketches for paintings, works on mechanics, hydraulics, mathematics, astronomy as well as philosophical meditations and fables. It also has many inventions such as parachutes, war machineries and hydraulic pumps.

## History

Leonardo composed the 1,119 leaves later collected in the Codex Atlanticus from 1478 to 1519. His notebooks—originally loose papers of different types and sizes, were largely entrusted to his pupil and heir Francesco Melzi after the master's death. These were to be published, a task of overwhelming difficulty because of its scope and Leonardo's idiosyncratic writing. After Melzi's death in 1570, the collection passed to his son, the lawyer Orazio, who initially took little interest in the journals. In 1587, a Melzi household tutor named Lelio Gavardi took 13 of the manuscripts to Florence, intending to offer them to the grand duke of Tuscany. However, following Francesco I de' Medici's untimely death, Gavardi took them to Pisa to give to his relative Aldus Manutius the Younger; there, Giovanni Magenta reproached Gavardi for having taken the manuscripts illicitly and returned them to Orazio. Having many more such works in his possession, Orazio gifted the 13 volumes to Magenta. News spread of these lost works of Leonardo's, and Orazio retrieved seven of the 13 manuscripts, which he then gave to Pompeo Leoni for publication in two volumes; one of these was the *Codex Atlanticus*. Leoni dismembered some of Leonardo's notebooks in the formation of the codex, gathering the original leaves into 1,222 pages.

When Napoleon conquered Milan in 1796, he seized about a dozen Leonardo manuscripts including the *Codex* and sent them to Paris, saying that "all men of genius ... are French, whatever the country which has given them birth." The manuscript was returned to Milan at the end of the Napoleonic Wars, but the other manuscripts remain in the Paris Institut de France.

The codex was restored and rebound by the Basilian monks working in the Laboratory for the Restoration of Ancient Books and Manuscripts of the Exarchic Greek Abbey of St. Mary of Grottaferrata from 1968 to 1972.

In April 2006, Carmen Bambach of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City discovered an extensive invasion of molds of various colors, including black, red, and purple, along with swelling of pages. Monsignor Gianfranco Ravasi—then the head of the Ambrosian Library, now head of the Pontifical Council for Culture at the Vatican—alerted the Italian conservation institute, the Opificio delle Pietre Dure, in Florence. In October 2008, it was determined that the colors found on the pages were not the product of mold, but were instead caused by mercury salts added to protect the Codex from mold. Moreover, the staining appears to be not on the codex but on later cartonage. Later in April 2006, the Codex Atlanticus was publicly displayed in Tokyo, Japan until August, for an exhibition with the Leonardo3 Museum: "The Virtual Codex Atlanticus".

In 2019, an interactive website has been launched that allows exploration of the Codex Atlanticus in its entirety and to organize its 1,119 pages by subject, year and page number. 12 drawings of the Codex Atlanticus were on display at the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library in Washington, D.C. from June 21,2023 until August 20 2023.

1. The Associated Press via NYT 2007.
2. Pedretti 1998, p. 1.
3. Pedretti 1998, p. 8.
4. Veneranda Biblioteca Ambrosiana - A.
5. Wallace 1972, p. 170.
6. Wallace 1972, p. 169.
7. Keele Kenneth D (1964). "Leonardo da Vinci's Influence on Renaissance Anatomy". *Med Hist*. **8** (4): 360–70. doi:10.1017/s0025727300029835. PMC 1033412. PMID 14230140.
8. Major 1866, pp. 15–16.
9. Abbey of St. Mary of Grottaferrata.
10. "Codex Atlanticus by Leonardo Da Vinci is being damaged by mould". The Times. Archived from the original on January 15, 2008. Retrieved 2013-07-17.
11. "Study: Da Vinci Codex old but not moldy". Physorg.com. 2008-10-21. Retrieved 2013-07-17.
12. "Italy museum says da Vinci writings gather no mold". October 21, 2008. Archived from the original on October 26, 2008  via Yahoo.
13. "The Virtual Codex Atlanticus". *leonardo3.net*. Leonardo3 Museum. Archived from the original on January 15, 2008. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
14. "Imagining the Future". *dclibrary.org*. District of Columbia Public Library. Retrieved 25 June 2023.

## Sources

Books   Journals and articles   Web

## Further reading

* Navoni, Marco (2012). *Leonardo Da Vinci and the Secrets of the Codex Atlanticus*. Milan, Lombardy: White Star Publishers. ISBN 978-8854406476.
* Pedretti, Carlo (1957). *Leonardo Da Vinci: Fragments at Windsor Castle From the Codex Atlanticus*. London, England: Phaidon Press.

## InfoBox

| Codex Atlanticus | |
| --- | --- |
| Biblioteca Ambrosiana | |
|  | |
| Type | Codex |
| Date | 1478–1519 |
| Language(s) | Italian |
| Author(s) | Leonardo da Vinci |
| Compiled by | Pompeo Leoni |
| Contents | 1,119 paper leaves (2,238 pages); 12 volumes |
| Previously kept | Leonardo da Vinci  Francesco Melzi  Orazio Melzi  Pompeo Leoni  Biblioteca Ambrosiana  Institut de France  Biblioteca Ambrosiana |
| Browsable online archive | |


title: Edward Langworthy (Founding Father)

abstract: Edward Langworthy (1738–1802) was an American Founding Father and teacher who was a delegate to the Continental Congress from Georgia. He signed the Articles of Confederation. Langworthy was born in Savannah, Georgia, in 1738. Nothing is known of his ancestors since he was a foundling. He was raised in the Bethesda Orphan House in Savannah and was educated in the school there. He later taught in that same school. Since he was born only five years after James Oglethorpe shipped the first colonists to Georgia, his parents were likely included with those recruited from debtors' prisons or poorhouses. Langworthy began working with Georgia's Committee of Safety and was their secretary when they became a revolutionary Council of Safety on December 11, 1775. The Georgia assembly sent him to the Continental Congress in 1777, and he arrived in time to sign the Articles of Confederation. He served in the Congress until 1779. Edward moved to Baltimore, Maryland, in 1785. He married a young lady named Wright, and the couple had four children. He also bought a part interest in a newspaper The Maryland Journal & Baltimore Advertiser and became its editor. In 1787, he sold his interest and became an instructor at the Baltimore Academy. In 1795, Langworthy was made the clerk of customs for Baltimore, a post he held until his death. He died of yellow fever on November 2, 1802, and was buried at the Old Episcopal Church. The church was torn down in 1891, and details of any re-interment are unknown.

text:
# Edward Langworthy (Founding Father)

**Edward Langworthy** (17381802) was an American Founding Father and teacher who was a delegate to the Continental Congress from Georgia. He signed the Articles of Confederation.

Langworthy was born in Savannah, Georgia, in 1738. Nothing is known of his ancestors since he was a foundling. He was raised in the Bethesda Orphan House in Savannah and was educated in the school there. He later taught in that same school. Since he was born only five years after James Oglethorpe shipped the first colonists to Georgia, his parents were likely included with those recruited from debtors' prisons or poorhouses.

Langworthy began working with Georgia's Committee of Safety and was their secretary when they became a revolutionary Council of Safety on December 11, 1775. The Georgia assembly sent him to the Continental Congress in 1777, and he arrived in time to sign the Articles of Confederation. He served in the Congress until 1779.

Edward moved to Baltimore, Maryland, in 1785. He married a young lady named Wright, and the couple had four children. He also bought a part interest in a newspaper *The Maryland Journal & Baltimore Advertiser* and became its editor. In 1787, he sold his interest and became an instructor at the Baltimore Academy.

In 1795, Langworthy was made the clerk of customs for Baltimore, a post he held until his death. He died of yellow fever on November 2, 1802, and was buried at the Old Episcopal Church. The church was torn down in 1891, and details of any re-interment are unknown.

*
* United States Congress. "Edward Langworthy (id: L000075)". *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*.


title: Christoph Bieler

abstract: Christoph Bieler is an Austrian former Nordic combined athlete. Competing in four Winter Olympics, he won two medals in the 4 x 5 km team event with a gold in 2006 and a bronze medal in 2002. Bieler's best individual Winter Olympic finish was tenth in the 10 km individual large hill event at Vancouver in 2010. He also won two 4 x 5 km team medals at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with gold in 2003 and bronze in 2005, and had his best individual finish of sixth twice. Bieler has four individual victories since 2006.

text:
# Christoph Bieler

**Christoph Bieler** (born 28 October 1977 in Hall in Tirol) is an Austrian former Nordic combined athlete. Competing in four Winter Olympics, he won two medals in the 4 x 5 km team event with a gold in 2006 and a bronze medal in 2002. Bieler's best individual Winter Olympic finish was tenth in the 10 km individual large hill event at Vancouver in 2010.

He also won two 4 x 5 km team medals at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with gold in 2003 and bronze in 2005, and had his best individual finish of sixth twice (10 km mass start: 2009, 15 km individual: 2003).

Bieler has four individual victories since 2006.

## InfoBox

| Christoph Bieler | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1977-10-28) 28 October 1977<br>Hall in Tirol, Austria |
| Ski club | HSV Absam-Bergisel |
| World Cup career | |
| Seasons | 1996-2015 |
| Starts | 247 |
| Podiums | 17 |
| Wins | 6 |
| Medal record      Men's nordic combined  Olympic Games  2006 Turin  4 x 5 km team  2002 Salt Lake City  4 x 5 km team  2014 Sochi  4 x 5 km team  World Championships  2003 Val di Fiemme 4 x 5 km team  2005 Oberstdorf 4 x 5 km team | |


title: Fazeela Amir

abstract: Fazeela Amir is a Maldivian singer.

text:
# Fazeela Amir

**Fazeela Amir** (16 December 1969) is a Maldivian singer.

## Early life

Fazeela Amir was born and raised in the "Amir family" where several artists including Ahmed Amir and Ibrahim Amir were brought up and "ruled" the music industry. She made her career debut with the album *Hiyy Fahi* where she lent her voice for eleven songs in the album. This resulted in her receiving several offers from music directors and producers to sing for their films and albums before making her breakthrough with her "high-pitched" rendition of the songs in the 1994 released film *Dheriyaa*. Her duets with Ali Rameez are well noted in the industry and maximum duets with Rameez are recorded by Amir. In 1998, the Government of Maldives honoured her with the National Award of Recognition. She remained as one of the most commercially successful and popular local artists till 2004, where the local scene of studio albums continued to trend downward. At the 3rd Gaumee Film Awards ceremony, Amir was bestowed as the Best Female Playback Singer for her vocal performance in the song "Mihitha Loabi Dheynan" from *Amaanaaiy* (1998). In 2018, Air was ranked fourth in the list of the "Most Desired Comeback Voices", compiled by *Dho?*.

## Discography

### Feature film

| Year | Film | Song | Lyricist(s) | Co-Artist(s) | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1994 | *Dheriyaa* | "Aavaa Adhu Khiyaalakee" | Abdul Muhaimin | Solo |  |
| | | "Vakivee Asaraa Manzaru" | Abdulla Sodhiq | |  |
| | | "Numekeki Huregen" | Ahmed Amir |  |
| | | "Aadhey Miadhu Dhaan" | Abdul Rasheedh (Absy) |  |
| | | "Magey Shaanu" | Mohamed Rashad |  |
| | | "Magey Loabi Dharifulhaa" |  |
| 1997 | *Hinithun* | "Edheveythee Adhu Hurevey" | Ahmed Sharumeel | Ali Rameez |  |
| | *Laila* | "Vaathee Ma Kaireegaa" | Fathimath Nahula | Ali Rameez |  |
| | "Dhin Veynugaa Aawaaraavey" (Female Version) | | Solo |  |
| 1998 | *Sirru* | "Aadheyhekey Kuran Magey" | Boi Ahmed Khaleel |  |  |
| | | "Moosun Haaufaa" |  | Abdul Hannan Moosa Didi |  |
| | *Kuhveriya* | "Loabivey Yaaru Loabivey" | Adam Haleem Adnan | Ibrahim Amir |  |
| | *Amaanaaiy* | "Mihithaa Loabi Dheynan" | Mausoom Shakir | Ali Rameez |  |
| 1999 | *Qurbaani* | "Handhaaneh Aavee Ey" | Ahmed Sharumeel | Ibrahim Amir |  |
| | | "Baaghunney Fenilaa" |  | Solo |  |
| 2000 | *2000 Vana Ufan Dhuvas* | "Hinithun Velaashey Malaa Ey" | Easa Shareef | Imaad Ismail |  |
| | | "Fini Roalhi Beehenee Ey" | | Abdul Hannan Moosa Didi |  |
| | *Hiyy Halaaku* | "Khabarudhaarey Zuvaanaa Ey" | Ahmed Sharumeel | Ibrahim Amir |  |
| | "Vevunee Gayaa" | | |  |
| | "Thiya Loabi Handhaanveemaa Ey" | | |  |
| | "Thuru Thurulaahaa Vey" | | Ali Rameez |  |
| | "Shaamilvee Hithugaaey" | | Ahmed Amir |  |
| | | | "Farudhaa Nagaa Ehlaalaashey" |  |
| | "Kudhi Kudhivaathee Ey" | | Solo |  |
| | "Hindhu Emaa Kan'dutherey" |  | Solo |  |
| | *Majubooru Loabi* | "Annanenyaa Angaalaa" |  | Ibrahim Amir |  |
| | "Mirey Gaathugaa Hurumey Yaaraa" |  | Mukhthar Adam |  |
| | "Vaigadha Vaan Fesheethaa Ey" |  | Ahmed Amir |  |
| | *Himeyn Dhuniye* | "Vilaathah Evvanee Ey" | Mausoom Shakir | Mohamed Huzam | Appears in Soundtrack album |
| | "Fenumun Govaalee Loabivaathee" | | Mukhthar Adam | |
| | *Hithu Vindhu* | "Fennaane Heevey Maraa Loa" |  | Ibrahim Amir |  |
| | "Haalu Kiyaa Dhenhey" | Boi Ahmed Khaleel | Ali Rameez |  |
| | *Zalzalaa* | "Vejjey Ma Hairaan" | Abdul Hannan Moosa Didi | Ali Rameez |  |
| | *Naaummeedhu* | "Saadhavileyrey" | Boi Ahmed Khaleel | Ali Rameez |  |
| 2001 | *Aaah* | "Vee Athuga Hifan Hey?" | Easa Shareef | Ibrahim Amir |  |
| | *Dheevaanaa* | "Hiyy Masth Ishq" |  | Ahmed Amir |  |
| | "Levvi Naseebey" | Mariyam Waheedha | Abdul Hannan Moosa Didi |  |
| | *Hithi Nimun* | "Sirru Sirrun Annaashey" | Mariyam Waheedha | Abdulla Althaf Shakir (Altho) |  |
| | *Hilihilaa* | "Fun Inthizaarehgaa" |  | Solo |  |
| | *Hiiy Edhenee* | "Moonu Nuforuvaashey" | Boi Ahmed Khaleel | Ali Rameez | Appears in Soundtrack album |
| | *Ranmuiy* | "Ey Aashiqaa" | Kopee Mohamed Rasheedh | Ali Rameez |  |
| | "Bahdhalu Vumun Vejje Dheewaanaa" | Easa Shareef | Ibrahim Amir |  |
| | "Oh My God!" | | Abdul Muhaimin |  |
| | | "An'dhuneh Alhuvaa" | Ahmed Amir |  |
| | | "Loabin Dhehiyy" | Solo |  |
| | | "Loabin Kuramey Aadheys" | Appears in Soundtrack album |
| | *Hiyy Heyokuraathi* | "Thee Ey Hayaathun" | Ahmed Haleem | Ali Rameez, Lubaina |  |
| 2002 | *Loabi Nuvevununama* | "Mihithuge Loaiybey Thee" | Mausoom Shakir | Ali Rameez |  |
| | *30 Dhuvas* | "Veemey Ufalugaa" |  | Solo |  |
| | "Fahu Huvafen" | Aminath Moosa | Ahmed Amir |  |
| | *Aan... Aharenves Loabivin* | "Vilaathah Ehvanee Ey" | Mausoom Shakir | Mohamed Huzam |  |
| | "Hiyy Edhey Varunne Nuhure" | Kopee Mohamed Rasheedh | Umar Zahir |  |
| | "Huvafen Dhekeynee" | Easa Shareef | Ali Rameez |  |
| | "Reethi Handhuvaree Reygaa" | Adam Haleem Adnan | Mukhthar Adam |  |
| 2003 | *Edhi Edhi Hoadheemey* | "Hithutherey Miloabi Fevunas" | Kopee Mohamed Rasheedh | Hassan Ilham |  |
| 2004 | *Eynaa* | "Mi Hiyy Adhu" | Mohamed Nashidh | Mukhthar Adam |  |
| 2005 | *Hureemey Inthizaarugaa* | "Firumunthakun Thedhey" | Easa Shareef | Solo |  |
| | | "Moosun Genesdhey Nayaa" | | Ibrahim Amir | Appears in Soundtrack album |
| 2006 | *Hukuru Vileyrey* | "Huree Nazaru Dheyn" | Ahmed Nashidh (Dharavandhoo) | Solo |  |
| | *Hiyani* | "Aadhey Araamu Edhemey" | Adam Haleem Adnan | Solo |  |
| | "Dhaashey Yaaraa" | | Mumthaz Moosa |  |
| 2010 | *Mi Hiyy Keekkuraanee?* | "Haadha Asaru Hithugaa Veyey" |  | Solo |  |
| 2018 | *Thiya Loaibaa Dhurah* | "Aavaa Han'dhaaney" | Boi Ahmed Khaleel | Ali Rameez |  |
| | | "Abadhume Fahathun" | | Ibrahim Amir |  |

### Short films

| Year | Film | Song | Lyricist(s) | Co-Artist(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 | *Dheke Dhekeves 1* | "Meheboob Magey" |  | Mukhthar Adam |
| 2008 | *Guest House Room Number:201* | "Meheboob Magey" |  | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Song | Lyricist(s) | Co-Artist(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1997 | *Huvafaiy* | "Ishaaraaiykoh Balaalaanee" | Mausoom Shakir | Ali Rameez |
| 1998 | *Raalhubaani* | "Bunebala Ladhuganefaa" | Mausoom Shakir | Ali Rameez |
| 1999 | *Maafkuraashey* | "Jaadhoogar Dheythee Aniyaa" | Boi Ahmed Khaleel | Ali Rameez |
| | *Ramlaa* | "Heelaa Gothey Dhen" | Ahmed Sharumeel | Solo |
| 2005 | *Fukkashi* | "Mulhi Dhuniye Ekee Milkuviyas" | Kopee Mohamed Rasheedh | Solo |
| 2018 | *Shakuvaa Akaa Nulaa* | "Midhekey Huvafen" | Boi Ahmed Khaleel | Ahmed Amir |

### Non-film songs

| Year | Album/Single | Song | Lyricist(s) | Co-Artist(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| N/A | *N/A* | "Heeleemaahey Yaaraa Dhanee" |  | Ahmed Amir |
| N/A | *N/A* | "Thiyahen Nudhaashey Yaaraa" |  | Ali Rameez |
| N/A | *N/A* | "Foadhemundhaa Gulshan Chaaloo" |  | Abdul Baaree |
| N/A | *N/A* | "Aadhey Ladhun Nuhure Gaathugaa" |  | Solo |
| N/A | *N/A* | "Yaaraa Mirey" |  | Ibrahim Amir |
| N/A | *N/A* | "Neyngumahvure Vakin" | Abdulla Sodhiq | Ali Rameez, Fathimath Zoona, Umar Zahir, Mohamed Huzam |
| N/A | *Funn Loabi* | "Dheyhugaa Vaahaa Ufaa" |  | Ahmed Amir |
| | | "Yaaraa Fikuraa Vey" |  | |
| | | "Roashan Mooney Thee" |  | |
| | | "Ey Goyyey Dhaneehey" |  | |
| | | "Hoadheyey Nala Reethi Raanee" |  | |
| 1993 | *Hiyyfahi* | "Dhaneehe Aisbalaa" | Abdulla Afeef | Ibrahim Amir |
| | | "Dhen Dhen Haamavaa" | | |
| | | "Ran'galhah Ulhen Ma Visnaanan" | | Mohamed Rashad |
| | | "Ufaadhey Himeynvee Mi Dhanvaru" | |
| | | "Dhakkaa Manzaru Chaaloo" | |
| | | "Seedhaa Hithaa Khiyaalaa" | |
| | | "Gendhaavaru Nuvaneehey" | |
| | | "Javvaa Ufaa Fazaa Ey" | |
| | | "Balan Thibegen" | | Solo |
| | | "Heyohithun Maruhabaa" | |
| | | "Haalu Loabeege Kiyaidhemey" | Adam Haleem Adnan | Mohamed Shahuban |
| 1995 | *Hiyyfahi 2* | "Mirey Beehileemaa" | Easa Shareef | Abdul Hannan Moosa Didi |
| | | "Yaaraa Viyey Azum" |  | Umar Zahir |
| | | "Ahaaney Kaaku Adhu Huree" |  | Solo |
| | | | "Thiki Thelhi Dhethiki Fen Thelhi" |  |
| | | "Vaanee Loabin Ekee Dhaashey" |  | Mohamed Rashad |
| | | | "Ishqee Athun Hiyy Nagaafaa Dhineemaa" |  |
| | | "Zum Zum Zum" |  | Ibrahim Amir |
| | | | "Dheegen Thihen Nazaru" |  |
| | | | "Kiyaadhevidhaanehey" | Abdulla Afeef |
| | | "Zuvaan Zuvaan Hiyy Magey" |  | Abdul Baaree |
| 1996 | *Fashuvi* | "Reyrey Thedhey Loabin Kalaa" | Afeefa | Ahmed Amir |
| | | "Hiyy Edheyney Yaaru" | Ahmed Sharumeel | |
| | | "Leykarunun Dheewaanaa Dhen" | Ibrahim Amir |
| | | "Thiki Thiki Thih Vehemun Aadhey" |
| | | "Mee Bala Husband" |
| | | "Jaaney Dhoove Jaan" | Ali Rameez, Rafiyath Rameeza, Ibrahim Amir |
| | | "Un'gulhaa Un'gulhaa" | Solo |
| | *Fiyavahi* | "Moosun Haaufaa" |  | Abdul Hannan Moosa Didi |
| | "Loabivey Yaaru Loabivey" | Adam Haleem Adnan | Ibrahim Amir |
| | *Misraab* | "Keeh Mivanee" | Ahmed Haleem | Umar Zahir |
| | "Hiyy Dhen Kuree Kon Kushehhey" (Remix Version) | Easa Shareef | Ahmed Amir |
| | *Shakuvaa* | "Heelun Thi Foruvee Ladhunhey" | Ahmed Shakeeb | Abdul Hannan Moosa Didi |
| 1997 | *Asseyri* | "Fin'dinuvaashey" |  | Solo |
| | | "Kiyaaladhee Kiyaaladhee" | Mausoom Shakir | Ali Rameez |
| | *Kurunees* | "Furaana Dheyshey" |  | Ahmed Amir |
| | *Mathaaran* | "Gandhemey Chaalu Han'dhey Thee" |  | Ibrahim Amir |
| | *Meeraa* | "Kuran'gi Dheloa" | Kopee Mohamed Rasheedh | Umar Zahir |
| | "Moonaa Moonu Kairiveemaa" | | Ibrahim Amir |
| | | | "Titanic Balan Hiyy Edhey" |
| | *Raalhu* | "Khiyaalugaa Vee E Vaudhaa" | Tharaboozu Ahmed Riza | Umar Zahir |
| | "Mithaa Mihuree Loaiybakun" | | Solo |
| | *Roalhi* | "Midhimaa Balaanuhey" | Mausoom Shakir | Ali Rameez |
| | "Ishaaraaiykoh Balaalaanee" | | |
| | "Rey Nidheegaaves Dhusheemey" | | |
| | "Bunebala Ladhuganefaa" | | |
| | "Keiykureveythoa" | | Solo |
| | | | "Hiyy Ufaa Kuraanamey" |
| | *Sarindhaa* | "Sirru Sirrun Kuri Ishaaraaiy" | Easa Shareef | Abdul Hannan Moosa Didi |
| | "Haadha Edhen Kairin Dheken" | | |
| | "Khiyaalu Hithuge Dhiraa" | Ahmed Sharumeel | Solo |
| | | "Bunee Vaaloabi Neyngeyhey" | Ali Rameez |
| | | "Edheveythee Adhu Hurevey" |
| | | "Kollan Kollaa Khiyaal Kureemey" | Ibrahim Amir |
| | | "Meridheyey Loa Rakiveemaa" | Umar Zahir |
| | *Shabaab* | "Dheefa Loabi Faalhugaa" | Ahmed Shakeeb | Ali Rameez |
| | *Thasveeru* | "Vaathee Ma Kaireegaa" (Bonus Song) | | Fathimath Nahula |
| 1998 | *Arutha* | "Ehoadhi Ufaathakaa" |  | Mukhthar Adam |
| | *Foni Karuna* | "Mihithaa Furaana Edhenee" | Kaneeru Abdul Raheem | Abdul Baaree |
| | "Beynumey Nubunan Ulhenyaa" |  | |
| | *Foni Zaharu* | "Ey Nuruhunvee Dhoa?" | Easa Shareef | Abdul Hannan Moosa Didi |
| | *Kuran'gi* | "Vaa Foni Asaru" | |  |
| | *Kurikeela* | "Dhogu Hedhumee Aadhahey" | Kopee Mohamed Rasheedh | Solo |
| | "Thedhu Khiyaalu Kalaa" | | Umar Zahir |
| | *Thaureef* | "Loabidhee Loabidhee" | Boi Ahmed Khaleel | Solo |
| | *Vidhuvaru* | "Innanee Kalhives Jahaalan Neyngifaa" | Ahmed Sharumeel | Aasim Thaufeeq |
| | "Badhal Dhen Vanee Dhoa" | | |
| 1999 | *Adhaarasam* | "Soora Theeye Hiyy Edhey" |  | Solo |
| | | "Dhiyaimaa Loabi Mihithah Dheefaa" |  | Ali Rameez |
| | | "Hinithunve Dhurun Feni Annaathee" |  | Ibrahim Amir |
| | | "Chaaley Bunaaney" |  | Mohamed Huzam |
| | | "Kuraathee Dhen Asaru |  | Umar Zahir |
| | *Dhirun* | "Moonugaa Loabin" |  | Umar Zahir |
| | "Khiyaalu Kuraahaa" |  | Ahmed Amir |
| | "Nuhureveyneyey" |  | Abdul Baaree |
| | *Endheyyo* | "Uraalaa Hiyy Ufaakoh" |  | Solo |
| | *Giritee* | "Aavaa Han'dhaaney" | Boi Ahmed Khaleel | Ali Rameez |
| | "Abadhume Fahathun" | | Ibrahim Amir |
| | | "O Reema" |  |
| | "Baaghunne Fenilaa" |  | Solo |
| | "Eyge Veynun" | |  |
| | "Han'dhaaneh Aaveehey" |  | Ahmed Amir |
| | "Vaathee Han'dhaanugaa" | |  |
| | *Ishq* | "Fun Loabinney Eynaa" |  | Ahmed Amir |
| | *Kasthoori* | "Foruveehey Moonaa Loa" |  | Solo |
| | "Hiyy Dhee Zuvaanaa" |  | Ali Rameez |
| | *Mahinoor* | "Han'dhuvaru Therey" | Kopee Mohamed Rasheedh | Ibrahim Amir |
| | "Mulhi Dhuniye Ekee Milkuviyas" | | Solo |
| | *Muniyaa* | "Hoadhaa Hoadhaa Loa Edheythee Hoadhaa" |  | Ali Rameez |
| | *Raayaa* | "Hiyy Ufaavaanee Mihaa" |  | Solo |
| | *Rahmedhu* | "Thuruthuru Laahaa Vey" | Ahmed Sharumeel | Ali Rameez |
| | *Rukkuri* | "Jaadhoogar Dheythee Aniyaa" | Boi Ahmed Khaleel | Ali Rameez |
| | "Dhenhey Mi Loabeege Hadhiyaa" | | Solo |
| | *Shikaara* | "Hithugaavi Asaru En'gumun" | Ahmed Shakeeb | Solo |
| | *Vara* | "Fajuru Tharihen Vidhaalaathee" | Kopee Mohamed Rasheedh | Abdul Baaree |
| 2000 | *Esfiya* | "Annaanenyaa Angaalaa" |  | Ibrahim Amir |
| | | "Vaigadhavaan Fesheethaa Ey" |  | Ahmed Amir |
| | | | "Noolheyshe Dhen Gaigoalhivaan" |  |
| | | | "Mi Dhekey Huvafen" | Boi Ahmed Khaleel |
| | | "Haalu Kiyaidhenhey" | Ali Rameez |
| | | "Mirey Gaathugaa Hurumey Yaaraa" |  | Mukhthar Adam |
| | | "Dhookolleemaa Heyyey" |  | Solo |
| | | | "Aadheyhekey Kuran Magey" |  |
| | *Fanvaiy* | "Yaaraa Aimaa" | Ahmed Sharumeel | Ahmed Amir |
| | "Beynunvanee Yaaraa" | | |
| | *Gumree* | "Kalaa Aadheythoa Nunidhaa" | Mausoom Shakir | Mohamed Huzam |
| | *Hiyala* | "Balaaleemaa Ladhun" |  | Solo |
| | "Foari Nagamaa Hin'gaa" |  | |
| | *Inthihaa* | "Bunaashey Loabivey" |  | Umar Zahir |
| | "En'geyneyhen Ma Kiyaadhenhey" |  | Ahmed Athif |
| | "Fari Fari Nala Harakaaiythakun" |  | Ahmed Amir |
| | "Gaathunney Dhushee" |  | Abdul Hannan Moosa Didi |
| | *Khareef* | "Vee Dhuruga Thibenhey?" | Easa Shareef | Ibrahim Amir |
| | *Koadi* | "Hinithunvelaashey Malaaey" | Easa Shareef | Imaadh Ismail |
| | "Fini Roalhi Beehenee Ey" | | Abdul Hannan Moosa Didi |
| | *Laat* | "Mee Ey Kuraa Khiyaal Fikuru" |  | Ahmed Amir |
| | "Nunidheyney" |  | Solo |
| | *Moosum* | "Vevunee Gayaa" | Ahmed Sharumeel | Ibrahim Amir |
| | "Khabarudhaarey Zuvaanaa" | | |
| | "Shaamilvee Hithugaa Ey" | | Ahmed Amir |
| | | | "Malakaa Magey Annaaneyhey" |
| | *Namaves* | "Vaguthu Hin'gaa Goiy Nubalaa" |  | Solo |
| | *Neyvaa* | "Mithuru Fenumaa Ekee" | Kopee Mohamed Rasheedh | Solo |
| | *Nihaa* | "Nukerifa Loabeegaa" |  | Solo |
| | *Rasrana* | "Saafu Naazukuvi Dhehithey" | Adam Haleem Adnan | Abdul Baaree |
| | "Heelaashey Kiyaadhemey" | | Ahmed Amir |
| | *Sahaaraa 2* | "Ajaibu Dhen Nuvaanehey" |  | Solo |
| | *Sameydhaan* | "Yaaraa Hoadhan Noolhe Huriyyaa" | Ahmed Sharumeel | Ibrahim Amir |
| | "Kehidheynamey" | | |
| | "Inthihaa Loabivey" | | |
| | "Ehee Vedheynee Kaakuhey?" | | |
| | "Heelaa Gothey Dhen" | | Solo |
| | "Fennaathee Balanyaa Loabin" | | Ahmed Amir |
| | | "Hithuge Hithuge Vindhun" | Adam Haleem Adnan |
| | *Thoonu* | "Nubune Dhiyaimaa Reyga Kalaa" | Mausoom Shakir | Mohamed Huzam |
| | "Hiyy Hadhiyaa Kohfaa" | | |
| | "Hiyygaimey Haadhahaa Kalaa" | | Abdul Baaree |
| | | | "Beynumey Javaabeh Dheyn" |
| | "Annaathee Maadhurun" | | Solo |
| 2001 | *Gulfaam* | "Eynaa Heelee Gothun" | Adam Haleem Adnan | Solo |
| | | "Eynaa Heelee Gothun" (Remix Version) | | |
| | | "Vaudhu Uvaalaa" | Ahmed Sharumeel | |
| | | "Foni Bovuneemaa" ||
| | *Huvafen* | "Masthee Hiyy Ahaashey Bunyey" | Adam Haleem Adnan | Ali Rameez |
| | *Muthee* | | "Abadhu Edheythee" | Abdul Baaree |
| | *Randhi* | "Dhivehin Kuraa Masverikamey" | Abdul Muhaimin | Ahmed Amir |
| | *Ranfaunu* | "Meehey Mashah Dhin Maqaam" | Boi Ahmed Khaleel | Solo |
| | "Thiya Loabi Han'dhaan Veemaaey" | Ahmed Sharumeel | Ibrahim Amir |
| | "Hithaa Beynunvi Gothaa" | |  |
| | "Fennaane Heevey Maraa Loa" | |  |
| | "Rashah Dhaahithun Nunidhey" |  | Hassan Ilham |
| | "Hoadhan Nala E Bahaar" |  | Ali Rameez |
| | *Reyfanaa* | "Fennaathee Mithuruge Soora" |  | Mohamed Ahmed (Dockey) |
| | *Rukkuri 2* | "Loa Numaraa" | Easa Shareef | Ibrahim Amir |
| | *Rukkuri 3* | "Pepsi Meerey Dhoa" (Pepsi Ad) |  | Abdul Sameeu |
| | *Shabnam* | "O Dheewaanaa Dhen Vedhaaney" |  | Solo |
| | "Haadha Araameh Vey" |  | |
| | "Loabinhey Heelanvee" |  | |
| | "Ey Jaadhoo Ey Malaa" |  | |
| | "Zoobee Zoobee Zaleyzoo" |  | |
| | "Yaaraa Hoadhaali Reyrey" |  | |
| | "Beynunveehaa Loabi Masthee" |  | |
| | "Aadhey Dhee Jaanaa Ehee" |  | |
| 2002 | *30 Dhuvas* | "Veemey Ufalugaa" |  | Solo |
| | | "Fahu Huvafen" | Aminath Moosa | Ahmed Amir |
| | *Dhanvaru* | "Jaadhoogaa Loabeege Jaadhoo" | Ahmed Haleem | Ibrahim Amir |
| | *Guraha* | "Hiyy Edhey Varunne" | Kopee Mohamed Rasheedh | Umar Zahir |
| | "Huvafen Dhekeynee" | Easa Shareef | Ali Rameez |
| | *Kashfu* | "Gaathugaavun Edhuneemey" |  | Solo |
| | *Nazaru* | "Reethi Han'dhuvaree Reygaa" | Adam Haleem Adnan | Mukhthar Adam |
| | *Single* | "Ruhenyaa Loabidhee" | Ahmed Nashidh (Dharavandhoo) | Abdul Hannan Moosa Didi |
| | *Thun'di* | "Dhinhaa Ufaa Loabivaa" |  | Solo |
| | *Vaudhu* | "You Are My Soniya" | Adam Haleem Adnan | Ali Rameez |
| 2003 | *Billoori* | "Hiyy Amey Bunan" | Ahmed Nashidh (Dharavandhoo) | Abdul Baaree |
| | | "Reyrey Ekanive Hoadheemey" | | |
| | *Hiyyvaru* | "Meheboob Magey" |  | Mukhthar Adam |
| | "Heelaa Beleemaa" |  | |
| | *Loabi Loabin* | "Hiyy Edhi Govaa Edhumakee" | Ahmed Saleem | Abdul Baaree |
| 2004 | *Ehan'dhaanugai...* | "Loabivaa Ey Theyree" |  | Solo |
| | *Hiyy* | "Mi Aee Loabivamey" | Adam Naseer Ibrahim | Mukhthar Adam |
| | "Fini Fini Masthee Vayaa" | Adam Haleem Adnan | Abdul Baaree |
| | *Jaadhooga Jeheyne* | "Jaadhoogaa Jeheyney" | Ahmed Saleem | Solo |
| | "Jaanu Dheyn Beynumey" | Adam Haleem Adnan | Ibrahim Amir |
| | | "Jaadhoogaa Jeheynehey" | Abdul Baaree |
| | "Loabin Kiyanhey Raajaa" | Ahmed Nashidh (Dharavandhoo) | Solo |
| | | "Mendhan Vumun Mihaaru" | Mukhthar Adam |
| | | "Leykokaalaa Malun" | Solo |
| | "Hayaathugaa Libenvaa" | Abdul Muhaimin | Abdul Baaree |
| | | "Asthaa Asthaa Asthaa" | Ahmed Amir |
| | *Maamuige Reythah* | "Dhanyaa Dhey Hevvaalaafaa" | Abdul Hameedh | Solo |
| | *Mariyaadhu* | "Loabi Vevidhaaneyey" | |  |
| | *Saahil* | "Hibakuramey" | Adam Haleem Adnan | Mumthaz Moosa |
| | "Thihiyy Adhu" | Mohamed Nashidh | Mukhthar Adam |
| | *Vidhaathari* | "Han'dhuvaruge Reethi Moosun Mee" | Abdul Muhaimin | Abdul Baaree |
| | "Haadhahaavaa Ran'galhey" | | Solo |
| | | | "Saharoa Mee" |
| | "Mirey Tharin" | | Ibrahim Amir |
| | *Yaaraa* | "Hithaa Meygaa Mihaaru" | Easa Shareef | Ibrahim Amir |
| | *Zamaan* | "Vaudhaa Huvaakoh Buneemey" | Boi Ahmed Khaleel | Umar Zahir |
| 2005 | *Fari Goma* | "Neyngeyhey Heeleemaa" | Adam Haleem Adnan | Mohamed Huzam |
| | *Fura Dhanvaru* | "Loabi Nuvaa Hitheh Kobaahey" | Shareefa Fakhry | Mohamed Ahmed (Dockey) |
| | "Dheewaanaa Veemathaa" | | Muaviyath Anwar |
| | *Yaaraa 2* | "Rulhin Nuhurevenyaa" | Ahmed Nashidh (Dharavandhoo) | Ibrahim Amir |
| | *Zuvaanaa* | "Han'dhakee Thee Hiyy Edhey" |  | Abdul Baaree |
| 2006 | *Bichaanaa* | "Aadhey Araamu Edhemey" | Adam Haleem Adnan | Solo |
| | | "Dhaashey Yaaraa" | | Mumthaz Moosa |
| | *Hiyy Dheewaanaa 3* | "I Am In Love" | Shareefa Fakhry | Ibrahim Amir |
| | *Jismu* | "Hiyy Buneyey Roalaashey" | Ahmed Nashidh (Dharavandhoo) | Hassan Ilham |
| | *Keehve..?* | "Ran'galhey Alhe Enme Ran'galhey" | Adam Naseer Ibrahim | Abdul Baaree |
| | *Kisthee* | "Dheveyhey Fenifaa Nubalaa Haalu" | Adam Haleem Adnan | Solo |
| | *Loabiveriyaa* | "Kalaa Thee Loaiybey Hithugaavaa" | Ahmed Sameer | Mohamed Ahmed (Dockey) |
| | *Mihan'dhaanugai...* | "Thiya Bunaa Roohee Ufaathah" | Aminath Faiza (Deyzeemaa) | Solo |
| | *Mi Hithun* | "Fazaage Roalhi Ais Beehilaa" |  | Ibrahim Nifar (Thihthi) |
| | *Yaaraa 3* | "Nikammaa Kiyaa" | Ahmed Nashidh (Dharavandhoo) | Mohamed Zaidh |
| 2008 | *Hiyy Dheewaanaa 4* | "Nuveythoa Ey Loabi" | Shareefa Fakhry | Hassan Ilham |
| 2009 | *Adhives... Loabivey* | "Furathama Nazaruga Hiyy Athulaa" |  | Solo |
| | *Fari Kamana* | "Thi Farudhaa Nagaashey" | Ahmed Haleem | Solo |
| | *Hiyy Dheebalaa 2* | "Hiyy Dheyn Dhey" |  | Abdul Hannan Moosa Didi |
| | *Roalhi (Remix)* | "Bunebala Ladhuganefaa" (Remix Version) | Mausoom Shakir | Ali Rameez |
| | "Rey Nidheegaaves Dhusheemey" (Remix Version) | | |
| | "Ishaaraaiykoh Balaalaanee" (Remix Version) | | |
| | "Midhimaa Balaanuhey" (Remix Version) | | |
| | *Yaaraa 4* | "Huree Nazaru Dheyn" | Ahmed Nashidh (Dharavandhoo) | Solo |
| 2017 | *Single* | "PC Is My Name" | Hassan Tholaaq | Hassan Tholaaq |
| 2018 | *Mooney Thiee Hiyy Edhey* | "Dhaneehe Aisbalaa" (Unplugged Version) | Abdulla Afeef | Umar Zahir |
| | | "Mulhi Zindhagee Hithaamain" (Unplugged Version) |  | |
| | | "Vaathee Ma Kaireegaa" (Unplugged Version) | Fathimath Nahula | |
| | | "Mooney Thiee Hiyy Edhey" (Unplugged Version) | Mausoom Shakir | |
| | | "Dhin Han'dhaanee Masthee Reyrey" (Unplugged Version) | Hussain Rasheedh | |
| | | "Bahaarekey" (Unplugged Version) |  | |
| 2020 | *Single* | "Ilaahee Mibin" | Abdul Rasheedh Hussain | Various Artists |

## Accolades

| Year | Award | Category | Nominated work | Result | Ref(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | National Award of Recognition | Performing Arts - Singing | | Won |  |
| 2007 | 3rd Gaumee Film Awards | Best Female Playback Singer | "Mihitha Loabi Dheynan" - *Amaanaaiy* | Won |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Fazeela Amir | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1969-12-16) 16 December 1969<br>Male', Maldives |
| Occupation | * Playback singer |
| Years active | 1993–present |
| **Musical career** | |
| Genres |  |
| Instrument | Vocals |
|  | |


title: Charles Egerton (Indian Army officer)

abstract: Field Marshal Sir Charles Comyn Egerton was a senior Indian Army officer from the Egerton family. Early in his career he took part in the Second Anglo-Afghan War, the Hazara Expedition and operations in the Khyber Pass. He went on to command the Bannu column during operations in Waziristan in 1894 and to serve as senior staff officer for the Tochi Expedition in 1897. Egerton took command of the troops in British Somaliland fighting the Dervish leader Sayid Abdullah Hassan in June 1903; he had a significant success at Jidbali in January 1904 killing 1,000 of Hassan's men. His last appointment was as General Officer Commanding Secunderabad District in 1904 before retiring in 1907.

text:
# Charles Egerton (Indian Army officer)

Field Marshal **Sir Charles Comyn Egerton** GCB, DSO (10 November 1848 – 20 February 1921) was a senior Indian Army officer from the Egerton family.

Early in his career he took part in the Second Anglo-Afghan War, the Hazara Expedition and operations in the Khyber Pass. He went on to command the Bannu column during operations in Waziristan in 1894 and to serve as senior staff officer for the Tochi Expedition in 1897. Egerton took command of the troops in British Somaliland fighting the Dervish leader Sayid Abdullah Hassan in June 1903; he had a significant success at Jidbali in January 1904 killing 1,000 of Hassan's men. His last appointment was as General Officer Commanding Secunderabad District in 1904 before retiring in 1907.

## Military career

Born the third son of Major-General Caledon Egerton and Margaret Egerton (née Cumming) and educated at Rossall School and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Egerton was commissioned into the 31st Regiment of Foot on 9 June 1867. He immediately transferred to the 76th Regiment of Foot in India. Promoted to lieutenant on 19 October 1869, he joined the Indian Staff Corps on 11 December 1872 before being promoted to captain on 8 June 1879 on appointment to a squadron in the 3rd Punjab Cavalry.

Egerton served with his regiment in the Second Anglo-Afghan War in 1879 and was mentioned in despatches. He became Assistant Adjutant-General of the Punjab Frontier Force on 30 November 1886 and, having been promoted to major on 8 June 1887, he took part in the Hazara Expedition in 1888 and in operations in the Khyber Pass in 1891 for which he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) on 30 May 1891. Promoted to lieutenant colonel on 1 September 1891, he became Second-in-Command of his regiment in 1892 and commanded the Bannu column during operations in Waziristan in 1894 before becoming Assistant Quartermaster-General at Bengal Command on 21 June 1895. He was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) and then promoted to colonel on 1 September 1895.

Egerton commanded a contingent of troops sent to Suakin in 1896 to hold the town when its permanent garrison was withdrawn for service under Lord Kitchener following which he became an aide-de-camp to the Queen on 17 November 1896. He was senior staff officer and Commander of the 1st Brigade for the Tochi Expedition in 1897 before becoming Commander-in-Chief Punjab Command with local promotion to major-general on 1 April 1899. He was promoted to the local rank of lieutenant general on 3 April 1900, and reverted to his command of the Frontier Force in October 1901 when his command in Punjab ended. A promotion to the substantive rank of major-general followed on 1 April 1902 and, after leading an expedition to Waziristan later that year, he was advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in the 1903 Durbar Honours on 1 January 1903.

Promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant general on 28 October 1903, he became Commander-in-Chief Madras Command in 1903, serving as such until 1907.

Egerton took leave from Madras post to take command of the troops in British Somaliland fighting the Dervishes led by Mohammed Abdullah Hassan on 27 June 1903. He had a significant success at Jidbali in January 1904 killing 1,000 of Hassan's men. However in March 1904 questions were still being asked in the British Parliament as to whether Hassan (then known as the "Mad Mullah") understood that operations would only end when he was captured or killed.

Egerton became colonel of the 23rd Punjab Cavalry (Frontier Force) in 1904. He was advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) on 24 June 1904 and promoted to full general on 28 October 1906. After retiring on 5 February 1907, he became a member of the Council of India from which post he stood down in 1917. In recognition of his long service he was promoted to field marshal on 16 March 1917.

In retirement Egerton wrote about his wartime experiences and was the author of a book entitled "Hill Warfare on the North-West frontier of India". He died on 20 February 1921 and was buried at St Mark's Churchyard at Highcliffe in Dorset.

## Family

In 1877 Egerton married Anna Wellwood and they went on to have three sons.

## Sources

* Heathcote, Tony (1999). *The British Field Marshals 1736–1997*. London: Pen & Sword Books Ltd. ISBN 0-85052-696-5.

## Further reading

* Egerton, Sir Charles. *Hill Warfare on the North-West frontier of India*. ASIN B000X7G7IE.

## InfoBox

| Field Marshal
Sir Charles Egerton
GCB, DSO | |
| --- | --- |
| Sir Charles Egerton | |
| Born | (1848-11-10)10 November 1848
Parsonstown, Ireland, United Kingdom |
| Died | 20 February 1921(1921-02-20) (aged 72)
Christchurch, Hampshire, United Kingdom |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service/branch | British Indian Army |
| Years of service | 1867–1907 |
| Rank | Field Marshal |
| Commands | Bannu column
Frontier District
British troops in British Somaliland
Madras Command |
| Battles/wars | Second Anglo-Afghan War
Hazara Expedition
Tochi Expedition
Mahsud Waziri blockade |
| Awards | Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Distinguished Service Order |
| Relations | Grey Egerton Baronets |


title: Rowing at the 2022 Asian Para Games

abstract: Rowing at the 2022 Asian Para Games in China was held on 26 and 28 October 2023.

text:
# Rowing at the 2022 Asian Para Games

**Rowing** at the **2022 Asian Para Games** in China was held on 26 and 28 October 2023.

## Nations

Source:

1. China (10)
2. Hong Kong (2)
3. India (2)
4. Japan (7)
5. Kazakhstan (1)
6. South Korea (7)
7. Sri Lanka (2)
8. Thailand (10)
9. Uzbekistan (9)

## Events

Source:

1. PR1 Men's Single Sculls (6)
2. PR1 Women's Single Sculls (6)
3. PR2 Mixed Double Sculls (4)
4. PR3 Mixed Double Sculls (3)
5. PR3 Mixed Coxed Four (6)

## Medal table

Source:

| Rank | NPC | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | China (CHN) | 4 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| 2 | Uzbekistan (UZB) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 3 | South Korea (KOR) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 4 | India (IND) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 5 | Thailand (THA) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 6 | Japan (JPN) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (6 entries) | | 5 | 5 | 5 | 15 |

## Medalists

Source:

| Event | Class | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's single sculls | PR1 | Kholmurod Egamberdiev
Uzbekistan | Yang Jie
China | Takuya Mori
Japan |
| Women's single sculls | PR1 | Wang Lili
China | Kim Se-jeong
South Korea | Mukhayyo Abdusattorova
Uzbekistan |
| Mixed double sculls | PR2 | China
Liu Shuang
Jiang Jijian | Uzbekistan
Gulchiroy Esanboeva
Otabek Kuchkorov | Thailand
Numtip Sinchai
Phongsakon Chumchai |
| Mixed double sculls | PR3 | China
Wang Xixi
Chen Xinxin | India
Anita
Narayana Konganapalle | Thailand
Chintana Chueasaart
Poramin Phongamthippayakul |
| Mixed coxed four | PR3 | China
Wang Xixi
Zeng Wanbin
Wu Yunlong
Jiang Lingtao
Yu Li | South Korea
Bae Ji-in
Kang Hyoun-joo
Kang I-seong
Lee Seung-hoo
Kim Su-hyun | Uzbekistan
Diyora Dodoeva
Gulzoda Shotanova
Kudratulla Khabibullaev
Abdumutal Abdurakhmonov
Amalbek Mustafakulov |

## InfoBox

| Rowing
at the 2022 Asian Para Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Hangzhou, China |
| Dates | 26–28 October |
|


abstract: Flag Officer Commanding Gujarat, Daman & Diu Naval Area (FOGNA) is a senior appointment in the Indian Navy. One of the five Area Commanders of the Indian Navy, the FOGNA is a two star admiral holding the rank of Rear Admiral. The FOGNA is responsible for the operations and administration of all units and establishments in Gujarat and Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. The Current FOGNA is Rear Admiral Sathish Vasudev, who assumed office on 24 August 2024.

text:
# Flag Officer Commanding Gujarat Naval Area

**Flag Officer Commanding Gujarat, Daman & Diu Naval Area (FOGNA)** is a senior appointment in the Indian Navy. One of the five Area Commanders of the Indian Navy, the FOGNA is a two star admiral holding the rank of Rear Admiral. The FOGNA is responsible for the operations and administration of all units and establishments in Gujarat and Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. The Current FOGNA is Rear Admiral Sathish Vasudev, who assumed office on 24 August 2024.

## History

In 1966, the appointment of Naval Officer-in-Charge (NOIC) Kathiawar was created. A small forward outpost was created at Okha, under the NOIC. Initially, the NOIC was based out of Mumbai, later moving to Okha. In late 1972, the establishment was commissioned as INS Dwarka, with the NOIC (Kathiawar) as the commanding officer. In 1983, NOIC (Kathiawar) was re-designated as NOIC (Saurashtra), and moved to Dwarka II in Porbandar in 1985. NOIC (Saurashtra) was again later re-designated as NOIC (Gujarat) in 1997.

In the 1980s, a proposal to upgrade NOIC to Flag Officer Saurashtra Area (FOSA) was mooted but shelved. For a brief period, the Maharashtra Naval Area was expanded to include Gujarat, Daman and Diu. The Flag Officer Commanding Maharashtra and Gujarat Naval Area headed the combined Naval area. In 2015, to enhance the operational and administrative efficiency, the Maharashtra and Gujarat Naval Area was divided to make two separate headquarters under Flag Officer Commanding Maharashtra Naval Area (FOMA) and Flag Officer Commanding Gujarat Naval Area (FOGNA).

The last Flag Officer Commanding Maharashtra and Gujarat Naval Area, Rear Admiral Murlidhar Sadashiv Pawar handed over command of the Maharashtra Area to Rear Admiral S. N. Ghormade and officiated as the first Flag Officer Gujarat Naval Area.

## Organisation

The FOGNA is assisted by the NOIC (Gujarat), a one-star appointment. The NOIC (Guj) also serves as the Chief Staff Officer at Headquarters Gujarat Naval Area (HQGNA). The FOGNA is responsible to the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Naval Command for the operations and administration of all units and establishments in Gujarat and Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. The establishments under the FOGNA include:

## List of Commanders

| S.No. | Name | Assumed office | Left office | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Rear Admiral Murlidhar Sadashiv Pawar VSM | 21 October 2015 | 30 March 2016 | First FOGNA. Later Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff. |
| 2 | Rear Admiral Sandeep Beecha | 30 March 2016 | 27 November 2017 | Later Commandant Naval War College, Goa. |
| 3 | Rear Admiral Sanjay Roye VSM | 27 November 2017 | 10 February 2020 |  |
| 4 | Rear Admiral Puruvir Das NM | 10 February 2020 | 6 December 2021 | Later Chief Instructor (Navy) at Defence Services Staff College, Wellington. |
| 5 | Rear Admiral Manish Chadha VSM | 6 December 2021 | 29 November 2022 | Later Flag Officer Commanding Maharashtra Naval Area. |
| 6 | Rear Admiral Sameer Saxena AVSM, NM | 29 November 2022 | 31 July 2023 | Earlier Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet. Current Chief of Staff, Eastern Naval Command. |
| 7 | Rear Admiral Anil Jaggi | 1 August 2023 | 24 August 2024 | Current Flag Officer Commanding Maharashtra Naval Area. |
| 8 | Rear Admiral Sathish Vasudev NM | 24 August 2024 | Present | Current FOGNA. |
|

## Bibliography

* Hiranandani, G M (2005), *Transition to eminence : the Indian navy 1976-1990*, Lancer Publishers, ISBN 978-8170622666
* Doraibabu, M; Godbole, Amrut (2023), *A Decade of Transformation: The Indian Navy 2011-2021*, Harper Collins Publishers India, ISBN 9789394407909

## InfoBox

| Flag Officer Commanding
Gujarat Naval Area
(FOGNA) | |
| --- | --- |
| Flag of the FOGNA (Rear Admiral's flag) | |
| Incumbent
Rear Admiral Sathish Vasudev, NM
since 24 August 2024 | |
| Indian Navy | |
| Abbreviation | FOGNA |
| Member of | Indian Navy |
| Reports to | Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Naval Command |
| Residence | Flag House Porbandar |
| Seat | Porbandar |
| Appointer | Government of India |
| First holder | Rear Admiral Murlidhar Sadashiv Pawar |


title: The Stunt Woman

abstract: The Stunt Woman is a 1996 Hong Kong action film directed by Ann Hui, and produced by Raymond Chow, Catherine Hun and Ka-Foo Lau. It stars Michelle Yeoh and Sammo Hung as stunt workers toiling behind the scenes of the film industry with little recognition of the work they do or the danger it entails. The film's postscript details the serious injury which Yeoh suffered after misjudging a stunt leaping from an overpass onto a moving truck, leaving her seriously injured. The film is dedicated to her, and to the other stunt workers who inspired the film. The film was rated Cat II A. It opened in Hong Kong on 10 October, 1996 and grossed HK $1,163,320 at the box office. In 2023 Criterion Channel featured it as part of their Michelle Yeoh Kicks Ass collection.

text:
# The Stunt Woman

***The Stunt Woman*** (Chinese: 阿金; Jyutping: **Ah-kam**) is a 1996 Hong Kong action film directed by Ann Hui, and produced by Raymond Chow, Catherine Hun and Ka-Foo Lau. It stars Michelle Yeoh and Sammo Hung as stunt workers toiling behind the scenes of the film industry with little recognition of the work they do or the danger it entails. The film's postscript details the serious injury which Yeoh suffered after misjudging a stunt leaping from an overpass onto a moving truck, leaving her seriously injured. The film is dedicated to her, and to the other stunt workers who inspired the film.

The film was rated Cat II A. It opened in Hong Kong on 10 October, 1996 and grossed HK $1,163,320 at the box office. In 2023 Criterion Channel featured it as part of their *Michelle Yeoh Kicks Ass* collection.

## Plot

## Cast

## InfoBox

| The Stunt Woman | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Simplified Chinese | 阿金 |
|
| Hanyu Pinyin | Ah-kam |
|  | |
|  | |
| Directed by | Ann Hui |
| Written by |  |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Ardy Lam |
| Edited by | Yee-Shun Wong |
| Music by | Yoshihide Ôtomo |
| Production<br>company | Golden Harvest |
| Release date | * 10 October 1996 (1996-10-10) |
| Running time | 95 minutes |
| Country | Hong Kong |
| Language | Cantonese |
| Box office | HK$1,163,320 |


title: Staro Korito

abstract: Staro Korito is a village in the municipality of Knjaževac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 51 people.

text:
# Staro Korito

**Staro Korito** is a village in the municipality of Knjaževac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 51 people.

43°32′31″N 22°21′33″E / 43.54194°N 22.35917°E / 43.54194; 22.35917

## InfoBox

| Staro Korito | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Staro Korito | |
| Coordinates: 43°32′31″N 22°21′33″E / 43.54194°N 22.35917°E / 43.54194; 22.35917 | |
| Country | Serbia |
| District | Zaječar District |
| Municipality | Knjaževac |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 51 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Edward Langille

abstract: Edward M. Langille has been a professor of Modern Languages at St. Francis Xavier University in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, since 1989. He specializes in the area of Enlightenment studies, and is one of Canada’s leading experts on Voltaire and his works. He is the North American correspondent for Société des études voltairiennes, an international organization that promotes and coordinates research, events and publications relating to Voltaire. Langille also specializes in studies of Acadian culture and history. Edward Langille received his undergraduate degree from Université Sainte-Anne, Nova Scotia's only French language university, in 1980. He earned his most advanced degree, a D.ès.L., from Université Paris III – Sorbonne Nouvelle in 1987. Langille’s contributions to scholarship and culture were acknowledged by the French Government in 2004, when he was named Chevalier in the Ordre des Palmes Académiques, as well as Chevalier in the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. On February 1, 2013, he was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal for services to scholarship, education and culture. He also publishes under the name Édouard Langille.

text:
# Edward Langille

**Edward M. Langille** (born 1959) has been a professor of Modern Languages (French language and literature) at St. Francis Xavier University in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, since 1989. He specializes in the area of Enlightenment studies, and is one of Canada’s leading experts on Voltaire and his works. He is the North American correspondent for Société des études voltairiennes, an international organization that promotes and coordinates research, events and publications relating to Voltaire. Langille also specializes in studies of Acadian culture and history.

Edward Langille received his undergraduate degree from Université Sainte-Anne, Nova Scotia's only French language university, in 1980. He earned his most advanced degree, a D.ès.L. (Doctor of Letters), from Université Paris III – Sorbonne Nouvelle in 1987. Langille’s contributions to scholarship and culture were acknowledged by the French Government in 2004, when he was named Chevalier in the Ordre des Palmes Académiques, as well as Chevalier in the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. On February 1, 2013, he was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal for services to scholarship, education and culture. He also publishes under the name Édouard Langille.

## Education and teaching

Edward Langille was born on April 11, 1959, in St. Catharines, Ontario, but grew up in the village of Londonderry Mines in Colchester County, Nova Scotia and attended public schools in the area. He holds six university degrees. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in modern languages from Université Sainte-Anne in Pointe-de-l'Église, Nova Scotia, in 1980 and earned two degrees in French literature, L. ès L. and M. ès L. from the Université de Nantes in 1982 and 1983. In 1984, he was awarded an additional modern languages degree (D.E.A.) from Université Paris III – Sorbonne Nouvelle. The following year, he earned a master's degree in international history from the London School of Economics writing his Master's thesis on the French Socialist party in the years immediately before World War I. In 1987, Langille completed a doctoral dissertation at Université Paris III – Sorbonne Nouvelle on the medieval French translations of William, archbishop of Tyre, working under the direction of the late French medievalist Jean Dufournet. The title of the thesis is *La Représentation de l’Islam et du monde musulman chez Guillaume de Tyr.* (*The Portrayal of Islam and of the Muslim World in the French Chronicles of William of Tyre*.)

After graduating from Sorbonne with his D.ès.L. (Doctor of Letters), Langille taught at the University of Victoria and Université Ste-Anne, before being hired in the Modern Languages department at St. Francis Xavier University in 1989. In 2016, Langille was named to a two-year term as the Jules Léger Research Chair in the Humanities and Social Sciences at St FX. The chair is awarded to a senior faculty member with a strong record of research. He was appointed in 2017 to a prestigious three-year position as contributing editor to The Year's Work in Modern Language Studies (YWMLS).

## Scholarly research

### *Candide*: Sources and origins

Edward Langille has conducted extensive research on the sources and origins of Voltaire's 1759 satiric masterpiece *Candide*. He argues, in part, that *Candide* draws on Pierre-Antoine de La Place's 1750 novel, *Histoire de Tom Jones, ou l’enfant trouvé*, a French adaptation of Henry Fielding's *The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling*. "A close reading of *Candide* and *L'Enfant trouvé*," Langille has written, "reveals an astonishing network of verbal, thematic and narrative analogies, which strongly reinforces the thesis that Voltaire's novel owes a great deal to La Place, in terms of the characters it portrays, the narrative that binds those characters together, and the language in which the whole is expressed." Elsewhere, Langille has noted that La Place's adaptation eliminates Fielding's "consistent, all-pervasive irony" replacing it with "emotional self-indulgence" and conferring "a rosy cast on Fielding's love themes." He argues that Voltaire created *Candide* as a parody of the contemporary sentimental romance, the prevailing philosophy of Optimism and possibly, Fielding's own faith in "the controlling hand of Providence".

In addition, Langille argues that *Candide* reflects elements of a second book, *Le Cosmopolite; ou, le Citoyen du monde*, the memoirs of Louis-Charles Fougeret de Monbron, also published in 1750. Noting the cynical tone, sarcastic humour and salacious sexual allusions of *Le Cosmopolite*, Langille suggests Monbron's memoirs provided Voltaire with anecdotes, descriptions and idiosyncratic expressions that were useful in creating *Candide*. Moreover, he writes, parts of *Candide* are based on Monbron's extensive travels and the many incidents he relates. Langille concludes:

> *L’Enfant trouvé* gave *Candide* its original idyllic childhood setting, its principal characters and themes, including the protagonist’s all-important journey of self-discovery, which is also his quest for love...*Le Cosmopolite* gave Voltaire the idea of a wide-ranging and seemingly random European journey, conferring on *Candide* the world view that Voltaire clearly wished to emphasize. Still, it is doubtful whether either the optimistic *Enfant trouvé* or the cynical *Cosmopolite* would on their own have provided Voltaire with enough inspiration to write *Candide*. Rather, it was the mysterious combination of these two works together with a variety of other thoughts and texts in the crucible of Voltaire’s imagination that gave birth to what critics have since baptized 'le moment Candide'.

Langille's most recent book, due to be released in 2013, is a 670-page critical edition of La Place’s translation of *Tom Jones* with a 66-page introduction and notes. The book signifies a new line of inquiry into Anglo-French civilization in the 18th century as historic translations have not before been considered as vectors or carriers of cross-cultural influence.

### *Candide* sequels

Voltaire's novel, possibly the most-read work in French literature, soon gave rise to imitations. In 2003, Edward Langille published a scholarly edition of a sequel, *Candide, ou l'Optimisme, seconde partie* (1760) with an introduction and notes. He also edited *Candide en Dannemarc, ou l’optimisme des honnêtes gens*, (1767) which continues the story of Candide and his new wife in their luxurious Copenhagen townhouse. The edition was released in 2007.

### Chéticamp hooked rugs

In July 2011, Langille discovered more than 125 hand-painted designs for hooked rugs in an antique shop in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia. The designs, created by the little-known American artist and teacher Lillian Burke (1880–1952), form part of the unique culture and history of the small, mainly French-speaking community of Chéticamp, Cape Breton. Langille donated the designs to Cape Breton University's Beaton Institute and began conducting extensive research on Lillian Burke's life as well as her contributions to a cottage industry that helped sustain the impoverished community during the Great Depression of the 1930s.

Langille has written that Lillian Burke's connection to Cape Breton began sometime after 1905 when she was hired to tutor the children of Elsie Grosvenor, the eldest daughter of Alexander Graham Bell. In 1914, Burke made the first of many visits to Beinn Bhreagh, Bell's estate near Baddeck, where she learned about Mabel Hubbard Bell's activities on behalf of welfare and social reform. In 1927, after her parents' death, Marian Fairchild, the Bell's youngest daughter, encouraged Burke to revive Cape Breton Home Industries, an organization established by Mabel Hubbard Bell in the 1890s to generate economic development. Burke then taught the women of Chéticamp new techniques for hooking rugs and supplied them with her own designs. They included floral patterns created by using faded colours to make the carpets look like heirlooms. Burke's designs also featured classical art motifs inspired by the Great Masters as well as patterns based on Navajo blankets and Art Deco geometric shapes. From 1927 to 1940, she marketed great quantities of the finished rugs in New York City, working in collaboration with prominent decorators and interior designers.

Langille's book on Burke's life and career, *The Story of Lillian Burke* was published in 2019.

## Advocacy for cultural heritage

### Government House renovation

Aside from his scholarly research and teaching, Edward Langille has demonstrated his concern for preserving Nova Scotia's cultural heritage. In 2008, for example, he wrote to the Lieutenant Governor to complain about renovations to Government House. The Lieutenant Governor's official residence in downtown Halifax was built between 1799 and 1805. Langille's letter criticized the decision to replace old plaster walls with drywall and noted that in England, great pains are taken to restore old buildings to their original condition. "Sadly, in the less noble city of Halifax, where heritage groups are treated with derision, history is carted away in a Dumpster, without public outcry," Langille wrote. The project manager defended the decision by pointing out that plaster in the main foyer, pantry and stairwell contained potentially dangerous asbestos and that replacing it with drywall was much cheaper. He also questioned whether anyone would be able to tell the difference. Langille called that "nonsense" adding that plaster walls give rooms a whole different sound and feel. "There's the whole weight and the sonority of the rooms and the texture of the finish; all of those things come into play. There's absolutely no comparison," he told a journalist. "There's a certain patina that's extremely hard to fudge, and that finish is built up over centuries. It's the difference between an original Tudor brickwork palace and a fake suburban Tudor half-timbered monstrosity."

### Lighthouse preservation

The demolition of a wooden lighthouse at Fisherman's Harbour in Guysborough County, Nova Scotia, attracted Langille's attention in 2011. In a piece he wrote for the conservation group Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia, Langille reported that the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans demolished the century-old lighthouse without warning and burned it on the beach as villagers watched in horror. The government then replaced it with "an ugly steel frame" structure. Langille lamented the loss of the small, wooden lighthouse. "The effect of that humble building against the dramatic backdrop of sky and the rugged seacoast was quintessential Nova Scotia, a painter’s dream, the kind of picture seen on a tourist brochure," he wrote. "How can Fisheries and Oceans systematically destroy the built heritage of Nova Scotia? Why is the Federal Government allowed to disfigure the natural and traditional beauty of our seacoast? Why indeed? And what can be done to stop similar vandalism from taking place elsewhere in our province?"

### Document donations

In 2010, Langille acquired documents from an antique dealer that had once belonged to Nova Scotia's distinguished Desbarres family and donated them to the province's Public Archives. The documents included a royal land grant or deed to the DesBarres family and a rare early-19th-century plan of the Town of Guysborough. "I acquired them slowly through negotiations over a long, long period," Langille told a reporter, "Finally he agreed to sell them to me at a price I could afford. My objective was to donate them to the public archives. I always felt they belonged in the public archives." Langille added that although people value old objects such as furniture or crockery, they tend not to value old paper artifacts, which are potentially much more interesting. "I know, for example, I have bought, over time, boxes of letters at auctions or sales and you’ll get letters from guys who were overseas for the war writing home. These were all preserved by families and they’ve come down to us and give us an absolute, unique glimpse into someone’s mind into a time in history that is vanishing. There are very few people who are alive today who can talk about it but the letters still keep these things, in a way, fresh."

In 2012, Langille donated a large collection of documents to the Imperial War Museum in London, that once again, he bought from an antique dealer in Nova Scotia. The documents, which include photographs, letters, school work, school reports, diary entries and travel papers, concern the evacuation of two British boys to Massachusetts in 1940 during World War II. The documents suggest that Michael and Robert Wentworth-Shields may have been five and seven at the time of their evacuation. They remained in the U.S. until 1945 in the care of the Shipley family. In 1938, their father, W.F. Wentworth-Shields (also sometimes spelled Sheilds) had published *The Empire On Guard*, a book about British defence policies. Despite two years of searching, however, Langille could not find members of the family which may have emigrated to Australia after the war.

## St. F.X. faculty strike

In January and February 2013, Langille crossed the picket lines when his union, the St. F.X. Association of University Teachers, went on strike for three weeks after eight months without a contract. A few days before the strike, Langille had vowed he would continue to teach classes. A news report quoted him as saying, "I may not have a contract with the university, but my course outline is my contract with students and by God I’ll respect it." On the first day of the strike, Langille told a CBC Radio interviewer that the union was making excessive demands and that students were being held hostage to a difference of opinion between unions at the university and its administrators. He noted that during his 25 years teaching at St. F.X., campus facilities and salaries had improved immensely and that faculty unhappy with pay levels were free to apply for academic jobs elsewhere. In an interview posted in five parts on the website of the St. F.X, student newspaper *The Xaverian*, Langille said he did not believe university faculty should strike for more money. "I really believe, and some people may find this bizarre, but I really believe that a captain doesn’t abandon the ship, a doctor doesn’t abandon the sick, and I really believe the professors shouldn’t abandon students," he added.

## Selected publications

* *Histoire de Tom Jones, ou l'enfant trouvé (1750)*. Adaptation de Pierre-Antoine de la Place, éditéé par Édouard Langille. Paris: Classiques Garniers, 2013. \[P\]
* Voltaire, *Aventure Indienne*, édition prepare par Édouard Langille, Les Oeuvres Completes de Voltaire, Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 57A, 2013. \[P\]
* Voltaire, *Les Aveugles, juges des couleurs*, édition prepare par Édouard Langille, Les Oeuvres Completes de Voltaire, Oxford, Voltaire Foundation, 57A, 2013. \[P\]
* Langille, E., *The Life and Career of M. Lillian Burke (1880–1952)*, Journal of the Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society, 2013. \[P\]
* Fougeret de Monbron, Le Cosmopolite, ou le citoyen du monde (1750), nouvelle édition préparée avec introduction par É. Langille. Notes et commentaires par É. Langille, Modern Humanists Research Association, spring 2010.
* Candide en Dannemarc ou l’optimisme des honnêtes gens (Genève, 1767) nouvelle édition préparée avec introduction par É. Langille. Notes et commentaires par É. Langille, University of Durham Press-Modern Language Series, 2008. 192p (reprinted 2010 University of Manchester Press)
* Dulaurens, Henri-Joseph, Candide ou optimisme, seconde partie 1760, nouvelle édition préparée avec introduction par É. Langille. Notes et commentaires par É. Langille et G. Pink, University of Exeter Press : Textes littéraires, 2003. 89p.
* "La Place, Monbron and the Origins of Candide", French Studies, 2012, Vol. LXVI, No. 1, 12–25.
* "The Making of Candide’s Paquette", Prostitution and Eighteenth-Century Culture: Sex, Commerce and Morality, ed. Ann Lewis, Markman Ellis, forthcoming (Pickering and Chatto: London).
* Langille, E., « L’Histoire de Tom Jones, ou l’enfant trouvé (1750) et la structure narrative de ‘Candide’ », Dix-Huitième Siècle, 43, 2011, p. 653-669.
* Langille, E., ‘Molly, Jenny and Margot, Or the making of Candide’s Paquette’, Romance Notes, 49, 2010, p. 357–366.
* Langille, E., "Candide and Tom Jones: Voltaire perched on Fielding’s Shoulders" in Mentoring in Eighteenth Century British Literature and Culture, ed. Antony W. Lee, (Ashgate, 2009), p. 85–108.
* Langille, E.M., ‘Le Roi des Bulgares’: Was Voltaire’s satire on Frederick the Great just too opaque? in An American Voltaire: Essays in Memory of J. Patrick Lee, ed. E. Joe Johnson and Byron R. Wells (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009), p. 240-52.
* Langille, E.M., Fielding, LaPlace’s Histoire de Tom Jones" and "Candide" in Henry Fielding in Our Time, ed. by J. A. Downie, (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Cambridge 2008) p. 233–255.
* Langille, E.M. "Voltaire’s satire on Frederick the Great: Candide, his posthumous Mémoires, Scarmentado and Les Questions sur l’Encyclopédie", Romance Notes, Vol. 48 (1), Fall 2007, p. 49–57.
* Langille, É., « L’Histoire de Tom Jones : ou l’enfant trouvé (1750) et la genèse de Candide », Revue de l’Histoire littéraire de la France, 2008 (2) p. 269–287.
* Langille, É., La Place’s « Histoire de Tom Jones, ou l’enfant trouvé » and « Candide », Eighteenth Century Fiction, 19:3, Spring 2007, p. 267–289.
* Langille, É, Brooks, G.P., « How English Translators have dealt with Candide’s homosexual allusions », Literary Research/Recherche Littéraire, 2001, Vol., 18, No 36, p. 367-88.
* Langille, É., « Allusions to Homosexuality in Voltaire’s ‘Candide’ : a reassessment » Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, 2000 : 05 p. 53–63.
* Langille, E., M. Lillian Burke (1880–1952): "Three Lost Chéticamp Carpets", Material Culture Review- Revue de la Culture Matérielle, Vols., 80–81 Fall 2014/Spring 2015, p 1-16.
* Langille E., "The Trials of Lillian Burke", Material Culture Review- Revue de la Culture Matérielle, Vol., 76 Fall/Automne 2012, p. 73–81.
* Langille, E., *The Story of Lillian Burke*, Boularderie Island Press, Cape Breton, N.S., 2019.

## InfoBox

| Edward M. Langille | |
| --- | --- |
| Edward Langille, c. 2005 | |
| Born | (1959-04-11) April 11, 1959 |
| Occupation(s) | Professor, Modern Languages (French language and literature) |
| Known for | Enlightenment studies including Voltaire; Expertise on Acadian culture and history |


title: Christoph Birkmann

abstract: Christoph Birkmann was a German theologian and minister. A pupil of Johann Sebastian Bach, he has been identified as the author of the texts of several Bach cantatas.

text:
# Christoph Birkmann

**Christoph Birkmann** (10 January 1703 – 11 March 1771) was a German theologian and minister. A pupil of Johann Sebastian Bach, he has been identified as the author of the texts of several Bach cantatas.

## Career

Born in Nuremberg, Birkmann received some musical training. He spent a year at the University of Altdorf before studying theology and mathematics at the University of Leipzig from 1724 to 1727.

Birkmann was ordained in 1732 and became minister of St Egidien's Church in Nuremberg. He died there.

### Birkmann and Bach

In 1728 Birkmann published a yearbook of cantata texts in Nuremberg. Birkmann organised the material for the liturgical year of 1728/29, but it was drawn from texts used in the church music at Leipzig during his stay there. Some are known to have been set by Bach, who was working in Leipzig from 1723. The fact that other librettists, such as Picander, are featured obscured Birkmann's creative contribution to the collection. However, according to research by Christine Blanken, published in the *Bach-Jahrbuch* in 2015, Birkmann was in all probability one of Bach's librettists, his texts including the well-known solo cantata *Ich habe genug*, BWV 82 (1727). The International Music Score Library Project has recognised Birkmann as the librettist for eight Bach cantatas in total. There is also evidence that Birkmann took part either as a singer or instrumentalist in performances directed by Bach.

## Literature

* Christine Blanken (2015), "Christoph Birkmanns Kantatenzyklus "GOtt-geheiligte Sabbaths-Zehnden" von 1728 und die Leipziger Kirchenmusik unter J. S. Bach in den Jahren 1724 - 1727", *Bach-Jahrbuch* (in German), vol. 101, pp. 13–74, ISBN 978-3-374-04320-0


abstract: United States gubernatorial elections were held in 1923, in four states. Kentucky, Louisiana and Mississippi hold their gubernatorial elections in odd numbered years, every 4 years, preceding the United States presidential election year. In Maryland, the usual four-year term was reduced to three years as a one-off, so that from 1926 the elections would be held in an even-numbered year rather than as previously in the odd numbered year preceding the United States presidential election year.

text:
# 1923 United States gubernatorial elections

**United States gubernatorial elections** were held in 1923, in four states. Kentucky, Louisiana and Mississippi hold their gubernatorial elections in odd numbered years, every 4 years, preceding the United States presidential election year.

In Maryland, the usual four-year term was reduced to three years as a one-off, so that from 1926 the elections would be held in an even-numbered year rather than as previously in the odd numbered year preceding the United States presidential election year.

## Results

| State | Incumbent | Party | Status | Opposing candidates |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Kentucky** | Edwin P. Morrow | Republican | Term-limited, Democratic victory | **William J. Fields** (Democratic) 53.25%
Charles I. Dawson (Republican) 45.81%
William S. Demuth (Farmer Labor) 0.54%
M. A. Brinkmar (Socialist) 0.40%
 |
| **Louisiana**
(Held, 22 April 1924)
 | John M. Parker | Democratic | Term-limited, Democratic victory | **Henry L. Fuqua** (Democratic) 97.90%
James S. Millikin (Republican) 2.10%

(Democratic primary run-off results)
Henry L. Fuqua 57.77%
Hewitt Bouanchaud 42.23%
 |
| **Maryland** | **Albert C. Ritchie** | Democratic | Re-elected, 55.97% | Alexander Armstrong (Republican) 43.26%
William H. Champlin (Socialist) 0.46%
Verne L. Reynolds (Labor) 0.31%
 |
| **Mississippi** | Lee M. Russell | Democratic | Term-limited, Democratic victory | **Henry L. Whitfield** (Democratic) 100.00%

(Democratic primary run-off results)
Henry L. Whitfield 53.28%
Theodore G. Bilbo 46.72%
 |

## InfoBox

1923 United States gubernatorial elections
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  4 governorships | |
| Majority party Minority party   Party Democratic Republican  Seats before **26** 22  Seats after **27** 21  Seat change 1 1  Seats up **3** 1  Seats won **4** 0 | |
| ---  Democratic gain      Democratic hold | |


title: Charles Forbes Buchan

abstract: Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Forbes Buchan CBE OStJ (1869-1954) was Deputy Assistant Director at the War Office during World War I and was, for many years, Honorary Treasurer of the Navy League and the Training Ship Stork at Hammersmith. He was invested CBE in 1919 for his service during World War I and in 1939 was made an Officer of St. John in recognition of his work for the Navy League.

text:
# Charles Forbes Buchan

Lieutenant-Colonel **Charles Forbes Buchan** CBE OStJ (1869-1954) was Deputy Assistant Director at the War Office during World War I and was, for many years, Honorary Treasurer of the Navy League and the *Training Ship Stork* at Hammersmith. He was invested CBE in 1919 for his service during World War I and in 1939 was made an Officer of St. John in recognition of his work for the Navy League.

## Life

Buchan was born in 1869, the son of Charles Forbes Buchan M.D., a military surgeon. He was educated at Bedford Modern School between 1881 and 1885.

Buchan was a Major in the Territorial Force Reserve in 1914 and served throughout World War I attaining the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel as Deputy Assistant Director at the War Office. He was mentioned in despatches and was made CBE in 1919 for valuable services rendered during the war.

Buchan left the War Office in 1919 and was for many years thereafter Honorary Treasurer of the Navy League and a member of its executive committee during Lord Linlithgow's presidency and when Sir Cyril Cobb was Chairman of the executive committee. He was also Honorary Treasurer and Secretary of the Training Ship Stork at Hammersmith and in 1926 organised a fundraising Ball in aid of the ship at the Hyde Park Hotel in London. In 1939 he was invested as an Officer of St. John for his work with the Navy League.

Buchan was a member of the Royal Thames Yacht Club. In 1898 he married Margaret Hume, the daughter of Captain Walter Hume of North Devon, who predeceased him. Buchan died on 30 April 1954.

## InfoBox

| Lieutenant-Colonel
Charles Forbes Buchan
CBE OStJ | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1869 |
| Died | 30 April 1954 (aged 8485) |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service/branch | British Army |
| Rank | Lieutenant-Colonel |
| Awards | CBE
Mentioned in Despatches (1) |
| Other work | Hon. Treasurer of the Navy League
Hon. Treasurer of Training Ship Stork |


title: Booger Red

abstract: Booger Red is a 2015 film written by Johnny McAllister and Berndt Mader and directed by the latter. It premiered in the Spirit Theater in the Bob Bullock Museum, as part of the Austin Film Festival, in 2015. The film documents a journalist named Onur Turkel, played by Onur Turkel, who had experienced child abuse in his past, investigating a possibly fabricated child abuse case. Its basis is a 2009 magazine article by Michael Hall, a journalist of the Texas Monthly who investigated the controversial "Mineola Swingers' Club" case in Mineola, Texas. Mader stated that he chose to make a film on the subject because "It was all just so outrageous, wild and surreal that I just had to look into it further." The main character, Turkel, is intended to be an audience surrogate. Mader stated that he chose the actor Turkel as he could portray a "maniac". Hall stated that the main character is "a fornicating, drug-snorting, bearded wild man who bears absolutely no resemblance to me." The main character's sister-in-law, played by Marija Karan, is his main ally. Caitlin Moore of the Austin Chronicle wrote that "is stylistically inspired by Abbas Kiarostami's Close-Up".

text:
# Booger Red

***Booger Red*** is a 2015 film written by Johnny McAllister and Berndt Mader and directed by the latter. It premiered in the Spirit Theater in the Bob Bullock Museum, as part of the Austin Film Festival, in 2015.

The film documents a journalist named Onur Turkel, played by Onur Turkel, who had experienced child abuse in his past, investigating a possibly fabricated child abuse case. Its basis is a 2009 magazine article by Michael Hall, a journalist of the *Texas Monthly* who investigated the controversial "Mineola Swingers' Club" case in Mineola, Texas. Mader stated that he chose to make a film on the subject because "It was all just so outrageous, wild and surreal that I just had to look into it further."

The main character, Turkel, is intended to be an audience surrogate. Mader stated that he chose the actor Turkel as he could portray a "maniac". Hall stated that the main character is "a fornicating, drug-snorting, bearded wild man who bears absolutely no resemblance to me." The main character's sister-in-law, played by Marija Karan, is his main ally.

Caitlin Moore of the *Austin Chronicle* wrote that "is stylistically inspired by Abbas Kiarostami's *Close-Up*".

## Further reading


title: 316 Goberta

abstract: 316 Goberta is a mid-sized Themistian asteroid that was discovered by French astronomer Auguste Charlois on 8 September 1891 in Nice. The light curve of 316 Goberta shows a periodicity of 8.605 ± 0.01 hours, during which time the brightness of the object varies by 0.20 ± 0.05 in magnitude.

text:
# 316 Goberta

**316 Goberta** is a mid-sized Themistian asteroid that was discovered by French astronomer Auguste Charlois on 8 September 1891 in Nice.

The light curve of 316 Goberta shows a periodicity of 8.605 ± 0.01 hours, during which time the brightness of the object varies by 0.20 ± 0.05 in magnitude.

## InfoBox

316 Goberta
| Orbital diagram | |
| --- | --- |
| Discovery | |
| Discovered by | Auguste Charlois |
| Discovery date | 8 September 1891 |
| Designations | |
| MPC designation | (316) Goberta |
| Minor planet category | Main belt (Themis) |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Epoch 31 July 2016 (JD 2457600.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 124.27 yr (45391 d) |
| Aphelion | 3.61240 AU (540.407 Gm) |
| Perihelion | 2.7458 AU (410.77 Gm) |
| Semi-major axis | 3.1791 AU (475.59 Gm) |
| Eccentricity | 0.13629 |
| Orbital period (sidereal) | 5.67 yr (2070.4 ) |
| Mean anomaly | 315.703 |
| Mean motion | 0° 10m 25.968s / day |
| Inclination | 2.3390° |
| Longitude of ascending node | 123.921° |
| Argument of perihelion | 314.741° |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mean diameter | 47.92±1.9 km |
| Synodic rotation period | 8.605  (0.3585 )
8.605 ± 0.01 hours |
| Geometric albedo | 0.0925±0.008 |
| Absolute magnitude *(H)* | 10.1, 9.87 |
|  | |


title: Chubu Electric Power RFC

abstract: Chubu Electric Power Rugby Football Club are a Japanese rugby union team, currently playing in the county's second tier Top Challenge League competition. The team is the rugby team of electric utilities provider Chubu Electric Power, based in Nisshin, Aichi Prefecture of the Chūbu region. The team is also known as Chuden, an acronym of the company's name in Japanese, Chūbu Denryoku. In 1936, the Toho Electric Power company created a rugby union team; their operations were transferred to Chubu Electric Power according to Japan's National Mobilization Law, and the new Chubu Electric Power team was created in 1951. When rugby union in Japan was restructured in 2003 with the introduction of the Top League, Chubu Electric Power was allocated to the second tier Top West League. They remained in that league until a further restructuring prior to the 2017–18 saw the team promoted to a newly established Top Challenge League.

text:
# Chubu Electric Power RFC

**Chubu Electric Power Rugby Football Club** are a Japanese rugby union team, currently playing in the county's second tier Top Challenge League competition. The team is the rugby team of electric utilities provider Chubu Electric Power, based in Nisshin, Aichi Prefecture of the Chūbu region. The team is also known as **Chuden**, an acronym of the company's name in Japanese, *Chūbu Denryoku*.

In 1936, the Toho Electric Power company created a rugby union team; their operations were transferred to Chubu Electric Power according to Japan's National Mobilization Law, and the new Chubu Electric Power team was created in 1951. When rugby union in Japan was restructured in 2003 with the introduction of the Top League, Chubu Electric Power was allocated to the second tier Top West League. They remained in that league until a further restructuring prior to the 2017–18 saw the team promoted to a newly established Top Challenge League.

## Season history

Chubu Electric Power's record in the top two tiers since the formation of the Top West League in 2003 was:

| **Chubu Electric Power season history** |
| --- |
| Season | Competition | Phase | P | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD | TB | LB | Pts | Pos | Notes |
| 2003–04 | 2003 Top West League |  | 7 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 197 | 278 | -81 | 3 | 1 | **16** | 5th |  |
| 2004–05 | 2004 Top West League |  | 7 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 143 | 265 | -122 | 3 | 0 | **11** | 6th |  |
| 2005–06 | 2005 Top West League |  | 7 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 188 | 309 | -121 | 3 | 0 | **11** | 6th |  |
| 2006–07 | 2006 Top West League |  | 8 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 225 | 360 | -135 | 4 | 0 | **16** | 6th |  |
| 2007–08 | 2007 Top West League | First Phase | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 67 | 389 | -322 | 1 | 0 | **1** | 7th |  |
| 2008–09 | 2008 Top West League | First Phase | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 54 | 224 | -170 | 1 | 0 | **5** | 5th |  |
| 2009–10 | 2009 Top West League |  | 8 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 202 | 353 | -151 | 3 | 0 | **15** | 4th |  |
| 2010–11 | 2010 Top West League |  | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 86 | 100 | -14 | 1 | 0 | **9** | 3rd |  |
| 2011–12 | 2011 Top West League |  | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 126 | 180 | -54 | 2 | 0 | **18** | 2nd | *Qualified to Challenge Series 2* |
| | 2011–12 Top League Challenge Series | Challenge 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 38 | 76 | -38 | 0 | 0 | **4** | 2nd |  |
| 2012–13 | 2012 Top West League | First Phase | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 118 | 126 | -8 | 1 | 0 | **9** | 3rd | *Qualified to Second Phase* |
| | | Second Phase | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 55 | 189 | -134 | 1 | 0 | **5** | 3rd |  |
| 2013–14 | 2013 Top West League |  | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 137 | 212 | -75 | 2 | 0 | **18** | 2nd | *Qualified to Challenge Series 2* |
| | 2013–14 Top League Challenge Series | Challenge 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 49 | 60 | -11 | 1 | 0 | **5** | 3rd |  |
| 2014–15 | 2014 Top West League |  | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 170 | 224 | -54 | 3 | 0 | **15** | 3rd |  |
| 2015–16 | 2015 Top West League | First Phase | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 112 | 59 | +53 | 2 | 1 | **15** | 2nd | *Qualified to Second Phase* |
| | | Second Phase | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 95 | 44 | +51 | 2 | 1 | **11** | 2nd | *Qualified to Challenge Series 2* |
| | 2015–16 Top League Challenge Series | Challenge 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 29 | 87 | -58 | 0 | 0 | **0** | 3rd |  |
| 2016–17 | 2016 Top West League | First Phase | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 125 | 112 | +13 | 2 | 1 | **15** | 2nd |  |
| | | Second Phase | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 99 | -79 | 0 | 0 | **4** | 2nd | *Qualified to Challenge Series 2* |
| | 2016–17 Top League Challenge Series | Challenge 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 38 | 91 | -53 | 0 | 0 | **4** | 2nd | *Promoted to Top Challenge League* |
| 2017–18 | 2017 Top Challenge League | First Stage | 7 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 76 | 439 | -363 | 0 | 0 | **0** | 8th | *Qualified to Second Stage Group B* |
| | | Second Phase Group B | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 15 | 183 | -168 | 0 | 0 | **0** | 6th | *Relegated to Top West League* |

## InfoBox

Chubu Electric Power
中部電力ラグビー部
| Full name | Chubu Electric Power Rugby Football Club |
| --- | --- |
| Union | Japan Rugby Football Union |
| Nickname(s) | Chuden |
| Founded | 1951 |
| Location | Nisshin, Aichi |
| League(s) | Top West League |
| 2017 | 8th (Top Challenge League) <br>(relegated) |