title: December 15–17, 2020 nor'easter

abstract: The December 15–17, 2020 nor'easter was a powerful nor'easter that hammered the Northeastern United States and produced widespread swaths of over 1 foot (12 in) of snow in much of the region from December 15–17, 2020, ending a 1,000+ day high-impact snowstorm drought in much of the Mid-Atlantic and coastal New England regions. The system developed out of a weak area of low-pressure that first developed over the Central United States producing some snowfall before moving eastward, and by December 16, a new, dominant area of low pressure began to develop along the Southeast coast. This low steadily deepened as it moved along and impacted the Mid-Atlantic coastline, prompting several winter-related advisories and warnings for much of the Northeast. Multiple states that were expected to be impacted by the nor'easter, including New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia declared states of emergencies on December 15–16 in advance of the storm. New York and Boston declared a snow emergency the day of the storm as well. The nor'easter brought significant snowfall to metropolitan areas such as New York City, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C., which eclipsed the entire snowfall total from the previous winter season, as well as Boston and Portland that saw over a foot of snow from the storm. Tens of thousands lost power during the storm, and the storm caused high wind gusts along the Jersey Shore, in addition to rough surf and even storm surge in coastal Massachusetts. At least 7 people have been confirmed killed as a result from the storm, and it is estimated to have caused over $125 million in damages. The winter storm was rated Category 2 winter storm on the Regional Snowfall Index (RSI) scale, the first such storm for the Northeastern United States since a nor'easter in March 2018. The system was unofficially named Winter Storm Gail by The Weather Channel.

text:
# December 15–17, 2020 nor'easter

The **December 15–17, 2020 nor'easter** was a powerful nor'easter that hammered the Northeastern United States and produced widespread swaths of over 1 foot (12 in) of snow in much of the region from December 15–17, 2020, ending a 1,000+ day high-impact snowstorm drought in much of the Mid-Atlantic and coastal New England regions. The system developed out of a weak area of low-pressure that first developed over the Central United States producing some snowfall before moving eastward, and by December 16, a new, dominant area of low pressure began to develop along the Southeast coast. This low steadily deepened as it moved along and impacted the Mid-Atlantic coastline, prompting several winter-related advisories and warnings for much of the Northeast.

Multiple states that were expected to be impacted by the nor'easter, including New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia declared states of emergencies on December 15–16 in advance of the storm. New York and Boston declared a snow emergency the day of the storm as well. The nor'easter brought significant snowfall to metropolitan areas such as New York City, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C., which eclipsed the entire snowfall total from the previous winter season, as well as Boston and Portland that saw over a foot of snow from the storm. Tens of thousands lost power during the storm, and the storm caused high wind gusts along the Jersey Shore, in addition to rough surf and even storm surge in coastal Massachusetts. At least 7 people have been confirmed killed as a result from the storm, and it is estimated to have caused over $125 million (2021 USD) in damages. The winter storm was rated Category 2 winter storm on the Regional Snowfall Index (RSI) scale, the first such storm for the Northeastern United States since a nor'easter in March 2018. The system was unofficially named *Winter Storm Gail* by The Weather Channel.

## Meteorological history

The nor'easter originated from a disorganized winter storm in the Southern Plains of the United States, late on December 14. The winter storm became more widespread the next day, as a low-pressure system developed, and it began to spread snowfall in Oklahoma and Kansas. The system slowly moved eastward across the Southern Plains throughout the day on December 15. On the next day, the system reached the Eastern United States and began spreading snow, ice, and rain across the region. Early on December 17, the system then moved off the coast and developed strong winds and heavier precipitation, while the snowfall spread northward. As the low-pressure system began to strengthen, the rain-snow line pushed northward as well. The center of low pressure moved northeastward, parallel to the coast, before reaching its peak intensity at 12:00 UTC on December 17, while situated off the coast of New Jersey, with a minimum central pressure of 995 millibars (29.4 inHg). The nor'easter also developed an eye-like feature around this time. A combination of moisture from the tropical eastern Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico, very strong low- to mid-level warm air advection, and strong frontogenesis led to strong mesoscale banding, which resulted in heavy snowfall rates for several hours over parts of the Northeastern United States. The nor'easter developed a secondary low to the east later that day and gradually began to weaken, as it began moving away from the Northeastern U.S. A high-pressure system to the east of Atlantic Canada then steered the nor'easter away from the coast, after it passed south of New England, and the storm raced off eastward into the Atlantic. For the next couple of days, the nor'easter continued moving eastward, before the original low was absorbed into the developing secondary low to the east, on December 20. This new storm subsequently strengthened, and the system was named *Greta* by the Free University of Berlin on the same day.

## Preparations

All warnings and advisories issued in the Northeastern United States due to the storm
|  | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Winter Storm Warning |
|  | Winter Storm Watch |
|  | Winter Weather Advisory |
|  | Coastal Flood Advisory |
|  | Special Weather Statement |
|

On December 14, Winter Storm Watches were placed into effect in a large swath from Virginia up through southern New England. Early the next day, watches located from Virginia to Western New Jersey were updated to Winter Storm Warnings. Simultaneously, Winter Weather Advisories were issued for the southern end of the storm. Later winter storm warnings were issued up through most of southern New England.

### Mid-Atlantic states

On December 16, Governor Ralph Northam of Virginia declared a state of emergency.

300 snow plows were deployed to apply salt to many major roads and bridges due to expected snowfall.

On December 15, Governor Tom Wolf declared a state of emergency for Pennsylvania. 100 pieces of equipment to treat roads were also deployed at the beginning of the storm. In Philadelphia, classes that were already in virtual learning due to COVID-19 were instructed to continue with classes December 17.

On December 16, the Governor of New Jersey, Phil Murphy, declared a state of emergency. NJ Transit suspended bus and train travel beginning at 6:30 p.m. EST as a result of the degrading conditions. The state also imposed travel restrictions across several interstates, including Interstates 78, 80 and 280.

In New York City, mayor Bill de Blasio announced that schools in the city would transition to online learning for the day of December 17, citing the snow. Governor Andrew Cuomo declared states of emergency in 18 counties, all upstate. The New York State Thruway speed limits were reduced to 45 mph (72 km/h) from upstate cities such as Syracuse, to areas to the south such as New York City.

### New England

Connecticut Governor Ned Lamont ordered all large trucks off the state's highways beginning at 9:00 PM EST on December 16. The truck ban was lifted at 9:00 AM on December 18. The Connecticut Department of Transportation mobilized hundreds of snowplows to keep the state's roads open during the storm.

Massachusetts Governor Charlie Baker urged residents in his state to stay at home during the nor'easter. The Massachusetts Department of Transportation fully deployed its resources to clear the roads, including 3,800 pieces of snow-fighting equipment to be used on some 15,000 miles of roads. The Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency's emergency operations center was activated. Boston Mayor Marty Walsh declared a snow emergency in the city ahead of the storm. A parking ban was implemented and all school buildings were closed on December 16. City departments and some COVID-19 testing sites were also closed as a result of the storm.

## Impact

Due to icy conditions on the roadways as well as heavy snow and sleet, the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine became more difficult.

### United States

#### Southeast

Severe weather from the warm sector of the storm was reported near Tampa Bay in Florida. Tornado warnings were issued in Hillsborough County and Pinellas County, Florida. A large and damaging tornado was confirmed in Pinellas County, though no casualties were reported. However, tornadoes resulted in $16.28 million in damage.

#### Confirmed tornadoes

List of confirmed tornadoes – Wednesday, December 16, 2020
| EF# | Location | County / Parish | State | Start Coord. | Time (UTC) | Path length | Max width | Summary |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| EF2 | NE of Seminole to SSW of Tampa International Airport | Pinellas | FL | 27°51′49″N 82°45′09″W / 27.8637°N 82.7524°W / 27.8637; -82.7524 (Seminole (Dec. 16, EF2)) | 20:49-21:11 | 13.1 mi (21.1 km) | 300 yd (270 m) | Two buildings were destroyed, and five had major damage. At a boat storage facility, 2-ton boats were tossed, and the buildings they were housed in had major damage. As the tornado approached US 19, damage became spottier. Insulation from buildings collected along a fence near the St. Pete–Clearwater International Airport. The tornado crossed I-275 on the Howard Frankland Bridge. Video from social media showed the tornado bending a light pole. Damage was $16 million. |
| EF1 | N of Plant City to Gibsonia | Hillsborough, Polk | FL | 28°03′40″N 82°09′58″W / 28.061°N 82.1662°W / 28.061; -82.1662 (Plant City-Gibsonia (Dec. 16, EF1)) | 21:53-22:15 | 12.9 mi (20.8 km) | 250 yd (230 m) | A home was damaged in North Lakeland, just north of Lake Gibson. Two small barns were destroyed. Video posted on social media of this tornado showed the tornado as a "wedge". Most damage was done to trees as the tornado's rotation stayed elevated for most of its path. Damage was $280,000. |
|

#### Mid-Atlantic states

Virginia State Police responded to about 200 crashes and 125 disabled vehicles across the state. By 6:45 p.m. local time, Dominion Energy reported nearly 20,000 power outages, mainly across the Shenandoah Valley, western Piedmont. Appalachian Power reported roughly 3,000 outages in southwestern Virginia, and more than 6,800 customers were without power in the Rappahannock Electric Cooperative area. The National Weather Service received a report of up to 0.6 in (1.5 cm) of freezing rain east of Galax and a half-inch in western Bedford County.

Maryland State Police responded to 489 service calls on December 16 between 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. local time, including 161 crashes and 60 abandoned or disabled vehicles. The Baltimore Police Department responded to 88 calls for accidents around the city Wednesday since 12:00 p.m. local time. There was a very wide range of snowfall, from one foot of snow in Sabillasville, to 0.7 inches (1.8 cm) of snow in Olney. On the morning of December 17, Spirit Airlines Flight 696 skidded off the taxiway after landing at Baltimore-Washington Thurgood Marshall Airport due to snow and ice accumulations. There were no injuries from the crash.

By late December 16, power outages peaked around 14,000 in New Jersey, before decreasing by the following morning. Strong gusty winds were reported as well, especially close to the Jersey Shore, where a peak gust of 62 mph (100 km/h) in Mantoloking was recorded late on December 16. At times, snowfall rates within the state averaged 2–3 inches (5.1–7.6 cm) an hour, particularly in the northern portion. 11.4 inches (29 cm) of snow was recorded at Newark.

In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the city recorded 6.3 inches (16 cm) of snow, the highest since 2018 and more than the entirety of the previous winter season. The Pittsburgh area got 9.3 inches (24 cm), the most since the 2010 storm. North of there got over a foot of snow. The snowstorm became the largest on record in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, with 24.7 inches (63 cm) of snow. The snowstorm caused a pickup truck to crash into an EMS truck in Collier Township, Pennsylvania, in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The crew cleared before the truck hit, according to footage. Two people in Clinton County were killed in a multi-dozen car pileup on Interstate 80.

The Binghamton, New York area saw a record-breaking 40 inches (102 cm) of snow, which caused severe travel headaches, as the system was predicted to bring only a maximum of 20 inches (51 cm) to the southern region of the state. A travel ban was issued in Broome County, New York. Albany saw 22.9 inches (58 cm) of snow. This became the 8th largest snowstorm in Albany, and the 4th largest in the month of December. One fatality occurred in the area along Interstate 787 when a tractor-trailer crashed into a snowplow. Ice accumulations of up to half an inch occurred in the Hudson Valley, and up to two-tenths of an inch of ice accumulated on Long Island. State police responded to more than 600 accidents and disabled vehicles overnight stuck in snow and sleet as the storm passed over, resulting in two fatal accidents. Amounts of 4–10 inches (10–25 cm) of snow and sleet fell on Long Island and the New York City area, with 10.5 inches (27 cm) of snow falling in Central Park. The sleet made the cleanup efforts particularly difficult on Long Island, due to its weight. The snowfall totals from this storm in New York City were greater than the snow total from the previous winter, which was just 4.8 inches (12 cm) of snowfall. The snowstorm led to a 19-car pileup on the Henry Hudson Parkway, resulting in six injuries and the closure of all southbound lanes on the Henry Hudson Bridge. Newark Valley saw 44 inches (110 cm) of snow, the maximum snowfall accumulation during the event.

#### New England

The greatest snow totals in the state of Connecticut were reported in Fairfield and Litchfield Counties in the western part of the state, where up to 15 inches (38 cm) of snow fell. Snow totals ranged between 6 inches along coastal southeastern Connecticut to over a foot over interior sections of central and eastern Connecticut.

The greatest snowfall total in Massachusetts was in the town of Florida, where 24 inches (61 cm) of snow were recorded. Snowfall totals of at least 8 inches (20 cm) were recorded in most of the state, with the exception of Cape Cod. The heaviest snowfall was in the northwestern portion of Massachusetts. Boston set a record one-day snowfall accumulation on December 17, where 12.7 inches (32 cm) of snow was recorded from the nor'easter. Near-blizzard conditions were reported across areas of Massachusetts. Further north in Concord, New Hampshire, a one day snowfall record was set, with 24.2 inches (61 cm) of snow.

### Atlantic Canada

#### Nova Scotia

On December 17–18, as the nor'easter passed to the south of the province, winter weather caused various delays and closures, particularly in the Provincial capital, Halifax, where schools, government offices, recreational programs and public parks had delayed openings after 20 centimetres (7.9 in) of snow fell. In Annapolis county and the South Shore, the snow was disruptive enough to close schools for the day. A bus in Laurencetown drove off the road, although the student aboard and driver weren't injured. Many parents were worried about their children's safety, preferring they stay home for the day. According to local police, traffic was lighter than usual and very few collisions were reported as residents took the storm seriously.

### Snowfall totals

Highest observed snow totals from each affected state
| State | Town | Amount |
| --- | --- | --- |
| New York | Newark Valley | 44 inches (110 cm) |
| New Hampshire | Croydon | 44 inches (110 cm) |
| Pennsylvania | Alba | 43.3 inches (110 cm) |
| Vermont | Landgrove | 42 inches (110 cm) |
| Maine | Acton | 28 inches (71 cm) |
| Massachusetts | Florida | 24 inches (61 cm) |
| Connecticut | Winsted | 16.5 inches (42 cm) |
| Rhode Island | Glocester | 14 inches (36 cm) |
| New Jersey | Highland Lakes | 12.3 inches (31 cm) |
| Maryland | Sabillasville | 12 inches (30 cm) |
| West Virginia | Hambleton | 12 inches (30 cm) |
| Virginia | Basye | 11.5 inches (29 cm) |
| Ohio | Bridgeport | 7.5 inches (19 cm) |
| Delaware | Talleyville | 5.7 inches (14 cm) |
| Indiana | Tipton | 5 inches (13 cm) |
| District of Columbia | Washington | 2.3 inches (5.8 cm) |
| Sources: | | |

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## InfoBox

December 15–17, 2020 nor'easter
| Category 2 "Significant" (RSI/NOAA: 5.58) | |
| --- | --- |
| GOES-16 satellite image of the nor'easter off the New England coast at 15:56 UTC (10:56 a.m. EST) on December 17, with an eye-like feature | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Type | Extratropical cyclone<br>Nor'easter<br>Winter storm<br>Ice storm |
| Formed | December 14, 2020 |
| Dissipated | December 19, 2020 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Highest winds |  |
| Highest gust | 63 mph (101 km/h) in Mantoloking, New Jersey |
| Lowest pressure | 995 mb (29.38 inHg) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Tornadoes<br>confirmed | 2 on December 16 |
| Max. rating<sup>1</sup> | EF2 tornado |
| Duration of<br>tornado outbreak<sup>2</sup> | 1 hour, 26 minutes |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Maximum snowfall<br>or ice accretion | Snow – 48 in (120 cm) near Danbury, NH<br>Ice – 0.60 in (1.5 cm) near Pipers Gap, Virginia |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Fatalities | 7 fatalities |
| Damage | \> $125 million (2021 USD) |
| Power outages | 230,000 in Maine alone |
| Areas affected | Southern Plains, Upland South, Southeastern and Northeastern United States (primarily New England and the Mid-Atlantic), Atlantic Canada |
| Part of the **2020–21 North American winter**<br><sup>1</sup>*Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita scale*<br><sup>2</sup>*Time from first tornado to last tornado* | |


title: Ced Hay

abstract: Cedric Rupert Hay was an Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

text:
# Ced Hay

**Cedric Rupert Hay** (27 September 1880 – 8 November 1953) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## Family

His brother, Harold Dudley Hay (1881–1955), also played VFL football for Melbourne.

## Football

### Melbourne (VFL)

His single game for Melbourne's First XVIII was against Carlton, at Princes Park, on 18 August 1900.

### "Heritage number"

Hay has been given the Melbourne Heritage Number of 82 (his brother, Harold, has 81), based on the order of his debut for the club.

## InfoBox

| Ced Hay | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Cedric Rupert Hay | | |
| Date of birth | (1880-09-27)27 September 1880 | | |
| Place of birth | St Kilda, Victoria | | |
| Date of death | 8 November 1953(1953-11-08) (aged 73) | | |
| Place of death | Westholme, British Columbia | | |
| Original team(s) | Cumloden College | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1900 | Melbourne | 1 (0) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1900. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Sara Monforte

abstract: Sara Monforte Mestre is a Spanish retired football midfielder and the current manager of the Villarreal CF's women's team.

text:
# Sara Monforte

**Sara Monforte Mestre** (born 14 October 1980) is a Spanish retired football midfielder and the current manager of the Villarreal CF's women's team.

## Career

Monforte has developed her career in the Valencian Community and Catalonia, having previously played most notably for Levante and Espanyol, with which she won two championships and eight national cups. She also played for Valencia's predecessor Colegio Alemán for one season and later, from 2013 to 2016, before signing with Transportes Alcaine.

## International career

Monforte was a member of the Spanish national team for eight years, narrowly missing the 1997 European Championship.

## InfoBox

Sara Monforte
| Playing for Espanyol in 2012 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Sara Monforte Mestre | | |
| Date of birth | (1980-10-14) 14 October 1980 | | |
| Place of birth | Castellón, Spain | | |
| Height | 1.69 m (5 ft 7 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Villarreal (women) (head coach) | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1996–1999 | Panteras Castellón |  |  |
| 1999–2002 | Levante |  |  |
| 2002–2003 | Villarreal |  |  |
| 2003–2007 | Levante | 93 | (22) |
| 2007–2008 | Colegio Alemán |  |  |
| 2008–2009 | Levante | 28 | (2) |
| 2009–2013 | Espanyol | 96 | (17) |
| 2013–2016 | Valencia | 70 | (13) |
| 2016–2018 | Zaragoza CFF | 48 | (2) |
| International career | | | |
| 1997–2005 | Spain |  |  |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2018– | Villarreal (women) | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Up-Front (EP)

abstract: Up-Front is a 12-inch, 45 rpm EP by the Fleshtones released in 1980. It was the band's first EP and predates their first album, Roman Gods. The EP featured the "Action Combo," brothers Gordon and Brian Spaeth on saxophones. The record sleeve was designed by lead singer Peter Zaremba.

text:
# Up-Front (EP)

***Up-Front*** is a 12-inch, 45 rpm EP by the Fleshtones released in 1980. It was the band's first EP and predates their first album, *Roman Gods*. The EP featured the "Action Combo," brothers Gordon and Brian Spaeth on saxophones. The record sleeve was designed by lead singer Peter Zaremba.

## Track listing

All songs by Peter Zaremba, except as indicated.

### Side one

1. "The Girl from Baltimore"
2. "Cold, Cold Shoes" (Zaremba, Keith Streng)
3. "Feel the Heat" (Zaremba, Streng)

### Side two

1. "Play with Fire" (Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Brian Jones, Bill Wyman, Charlie Watts)
2. "The Theme from 'The Vindicators'"

## Personnel

* Keith Streng — guitar & vocals
* Peter Zaremba — lead vocals, harmonica & organ
* Bill Milhizer — drums & vocals
* Jan Marek Pakulski — bass, vocals
* Gordon Spaeth — alto saxophone
* Brian Spaeth — tenor saxophone

## InfoBox

| Up-Front | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by The Fleshtones | |
| Released | 1980 |
| Genre | Punk, garage rock |
| Label | IRS Records |
| Producer | Paul Wexler |
| The Fleshtones chronology | |
| ***Up-Front***
(1980) *Roman Gods*
(1982) | |


title: Seeb Chunder Nandy

abstract:
Seebchunder Nandy or Sib Chandra Nundy was an Indian Bengali telegraphy official who worked on the first telegraph lines established in British India. He helped install and maintain the first telegraph lines between Agra and Calcutta using innovative approaches to reduce the cost of installation. Born in a family of modest means in Calcutta, he worked at the refinery of the Calcutta Mint from 1846 under William Brooke O'Shaughnessy. When O'Shaughnessy started working on the first telegraphic line in India, he made use of Nandy as his assistant. Nandy tested the first line signalling from Diamond Harbour to O'Shaughnessy in Calcutta in a demonstration made to Lord Dalhousie. Nandy later became a line inspector in charge of training signallers. In 1866 he became an assistant superintendent and just before retiring the next year he was given the title of Rai Bahadur on 28 February 1883.
Among Nandy's achievements was in the low-cost installation of lines. Using fishing boats he helped lay 7 miles of underwater cable across the river Padma at a very low cost. He also used palm trees as posts when he was given charge to lay down 900 miles through East Barrakur-Allahabad, Banares-Mirzapur-Seonee, and Calcutta to Dacca. The palm tree as a post was later incorporated into the telegraphy manual. He also served as a treasurer for the Asiatic Society of Bengal in 1849-50. He was given a special mention in Sir Roper Lethbridge's The Golden Book of India for his services during the mutiny of 1857. On 19 April 1902 he was present at the opening of the Mutiny Telegraph Memorial. He died of plague on 6 April 1903 during an epidemic in Calcutta and the local Telegraph Office was closed for the day.

text:
# Seeb Chunder Nandy

**Seebchunder Nandy** or **Sib Chandra Nundy** (June 1824 – 6 April 1903) was an Indian Bengali telegraphy official who worked on the first telegraph lines established in British India. He helped install and maintain the first telegraph lines between Agra and Calcutta using innovative approaches to reduce the cost of installation.

Born in a family of modest means in Calcutta, he worked at the refinery of the Calcutta Mint from 1846 under William Brooke O'Shaughnessy. When O'Shaughnessy started working on the first telegraphic line in India, he made use of Nandy as his assistant. Nandy tested the first line signalling from Diamond Harbour to O'Shaughnessy in Calcutta in a demonstration made to Lord Dalhousie. Nandy later became a line inspector in charge of training signallers. In 1866 he became an assistant superintendent and just before retiring the next year he was given the title of Rai Bahadur on 28 February 1883.

Among Nandy's achievements was in the low-cost installation of lines. Using fishing boats he helped lay 7 miles of underwater cable across the river Padma at a very low cost. He also used palm trees as posts when he was given charge to lay down 900 miles through East Barrakur-Allahabad, Banares-Mirzapur-Seonee, and Calcutta to Dacca. The palm tree as a post was later incorporated into the telegraphy manual. He also served as a treasurer for the Asiatic Society of Bengal in 1849-50.

He was given a special mention in Sir Roper Lethbridge's *The Golden Book of India* for his services during the mutiny of 1857. On 19 April 1902 he was present at the opening of the Mutiny Telegraph Memorial. He died of plague on 6 April 1903 during an epidemic in Calcutta and the local Telegraph Office was closed for the day.

## Legacy

A lane at Burrabazar in Kolkata was named after him in 1904 as Shib Nandi Lane.


abstract: The Raghuram Rajan Committee on Financial Sector Reforms was a committee constituted by the Government of India in 2007 for proposing the next generation of financial sector reforms in India. It was chaired by University of Chicago economist Raghuram Rajan who had earlier been the chief economist at the International Monetary Fund. The committee, in its report titled A Hundred Small Steps, recommended broad-based reforms across the financial sector, arguing that instead of focusing "on a few large, and usually politically controversial steps", India must "take a hundred small steps in the same direction".

text:
# Raghuram Rajan Committee on Financial Sector Reforms

The **Raghuram Rajan Committee on Financial Sector Reforms** was a committee constituted by the Government of India in 2007 for proposing the next generation of financial sector reforms in India. It was chaired by University of Chicago economist Raghuram Rajan who had earlier been the chief economist at the International Monetary Fund. The committee, in its report titled *A Hundred Small Steps*, recommended broad-based reforms across the financial sector, arguing that instead of focusing "on a few large, and usually politically controversial steps", India must "take a hundred small steps in the same direction".

## Background

In 2007, then Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission, Montek Singh Ahluwalia, drafted Rajan to write a report proposing the next generation of financial sector reforms in India. The mandate that was given was to take an overall view of the sector in making recommendations, highlighting links between needed reforms, while offering a consistent underlying approach.

## Composition

The committee, put together and chaired by Rajan, consisted of twelve members from across the public and private sectors. The members were:

## Workings

The committee undertook nine formal and eleven informal meetings. In addition, committee members met with numerous stakeholders in the financial sector in putting together the report.


title: Szabadegyháza

abstract: Szabadegyháza is a village in Fejér county, Hungary.

text:
# Szabadegyháza

**Szabadegyháza** is a village in Fejér county, Hungary.

## History

Szabadegyháza's history dates back to Roman times, with evidence of Roman presence found in archaeological excavations, including tomb covers, ceramic fragments, bronze fibulae, and coins. The region was known to the Romans, intersecting the Intercisa (Dunaújváros) - Gorsium (Tác) route.

Before the Hungarian conquest, the area was already familiar, evidenced by the discovery of a warrior's grave from the Hungarian conquest era in 1965. The village name, initially recorded in a donation letter on November 20, 1659, mentioned owners like Bossányi Gábor, Eölbey Márton, and Szeghy Mihály.

Changing ownership over time, the village played a minor role in the 1848/49 revolution, providing provisions to the Hungarian camp. Population growth began in the 1800s, reaching 1,111 residents in 1910. During World War I, 215 men were called for military service, with eight casualties. In World War II, many young men from the village fought on the front, but fortunately, no battles occurred within the village.

Becoming an independent municipality in 1926, Szolgaegyháza acquired its current administrative boundaries in 1929. In 1948, it was renamed Szabadegyháza through a decree by the Ministry of Interior (181.321/1948), effective from June 1, 1948.

## Localities

## InfoBox

| Szabadegyháza | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Fejér county in Hungary | |
| SzabadegyházaLocation of Szabadegyháza | |
| Coordinates: 47°04′42″N 18°41′32″E / 47.07845°N 18.69228°E / 47.07845; 18.69228 | |
| Country | Hungary |
| County | Fejér |
| Area | |
| Total | 41.64 km2 (16.08 sq mi) |
| Population (2004) | |
| Total | 2,237 |
| Density | 53.72/km2 (139.1/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 2432 |
| Area code | 25 |
| Website | www.szabadegyhaza.hu |


title: Salawat Gallyamov

abstract: Salawat Abdrakhmanovich Gallyamov was a Bashkir linguist, researcher, supporter of the theory of the Turanian origin of the Bashkir people. Gallyamov is known for his research in the field of the epics and myths of the peoples of Eurasia and the connections and linguistic parallels of the Bashkir language with ancient and modern languages.

text:
# Salawat Gallyamov

**Salawat Abdrakhmanovich Gallyamov** (December 24, 1959 – September 5, 2018) was a Bashkir linguist, researcher, supporter of the theory of the Turanian origin of the Bashkir people. Gallyamov is known for his research in the field of the epics and myths of the peoples of Eurasia and the connections and linguistic parallels of the Bashkir language with ancient and modern languages.

## Books

* Эпосу «Урал-батыр» — 4 тысячи лет Уфа, ж-л «Шонкар», 1996
* Великий Хау Бен. Уфа, Госкомнауки РБ, 1997
* Башкорды от Гильгамеша до Заратуштры. Уфа, РИО РУМНЦ РБ, ISBN 5-295-03513-1 : 1000, 1998
* Введение в сопоставительное изучение грамматики башкордского, кордского и английского языков. Уфа, РИО РУМНЦ РБ, 1999
* Кордско-Башкордско-Англо-Русский словарь. Уфа, РИО РУМНЦ РБ, 2000
* Основы Башкордской Индо-Германской философии, 2001–2003. В 4-х томах: Онтология, Гносеология.
* Башкордский язык и санскрит. М., СПб, 2003. 308 с.
* Башкордская философия. В 4 томах. Уфа: Китап, 2005. ISBN 5-295-03698-7
* Древние арии и вечный Курдистан. (Серия «Тайны древних цивилизаций») - М.: Вече. 2007 г., Твердый переплет, 555 стр. ISBN 978-5-9533-1407-7 Тираж: 3000 экз.

## InfoBox

| Salawat Gallyamov
Салава́т Галля́мов | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Salawat Abdrakhmanovich Gallyamov
(1959-12-24)24 December 1959
Ufa, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Died | 5 September 2018(2018-09-05) (aged 58)
Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia |
| Nationality | Bashkir |
| Profession | Linguist |
|  | |


title: Scopula natalica

abstract: Scopula natalica is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1875. It is found in Cameroon, Kenya, Malawi, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania and Zambia.

text:
# Scopula natalica

***Scopula natalica*** is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1875. It is found in Cameroon, Kenya, Malawi, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania and Zambia.

## InfoBox

| *Scopula natalica* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Scopula* |
| Species: | ***S. natalica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Scopula natalica***<br>(Butler, 1875) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Acidalia natalica* Butler, 1875 * *Craspedia diffusizona* Hampson, 1910 | |


title: Psychotria dallachiana

abstract: Psychotria dallachiana is a rainforest plant growing in north eastern Australia. The fruit is food for the cassowary.

text:
# Psychotria dallachiana

***Psychotria dallachiana*** is a rainforest plant growing in north eastern Australia. The fruit is food for the cassowary.

## InfoBox

| *Psychotria dallachiana* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Rubiaceae |
| Genus: | *Psychotria* |
| Species: | ***P. dallachiana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Psychotria dallachiana***<br>Benth. | |
|


title: Deck Wars

abstract: Deck Wars is a 2011 Canadian television series, airing on HGTV. It is considered a sister series to Decked Out, and like Decked Out, stars Paul Lafrance and his deck building crew. Unlike its sister series, Deck Wars is a game show that pits two teams of contestants against each other in building a deck in two days with a common theme.

text:
# Deck Wars

***Deck Wars*** is a 2011 Canadian television series, airing on HGTV. It is considered a sister series to *Decked Out*, and like *Decked Out*, stars Paul Lafrance and his deck building crew. Unlike its sister series, *Deck Wars* is a game show that pits two teams of contestants against each other in building a deck in two days with a common theme.

## Format

*Deck Wars* is filmed in an indoor warehouse. In each episode, two teams of two contestants must build a deck fitting a specified theme in two days. Both teams are given the same materials and an identical building facades set of tools, as well as the use of two of Paul's crew members; contestants may also bring in whatever materials that they deem necessary for their deck design. On the second day, two sets of furniture will be provided for decorating each deck; the team finishing first, as determined by Paul, will have their choice of furniture. Both decks will be judged by Paul Lafrance and a rotating panel of two judges; the *Decked Out* crew members will are also interviewed on the experience working with the contestants. The victorious team receives the *Deck Wars* trophy, and the defeated team receives participation ribbons as a consolation prize.

Like its sister series, *Deck Wars* involves comedic banter between the contestants, their helpers, and Paul himself; this often manifests itself in trash-talking, as well as the "moment of suspense" before the winner is announced.

## Judges

The judges of *Deck Wars* in each episode are all fellow HGTV program hosts. The judges are two members chosen from the following:


title: Cedric (show jumping horse)

abstract: Cedric is a Holsteiner horse which competes internationally in the sport of show jumping. With rider Laura Kraut, he was part of the gold medal-winning American team in the Beijing Olympics.

text:
# Cedric (show jumping horse)

**Cedric** is a Holsteiner horse which competes internationally in the sport of show jumping. With rider Laura Kraut, he was part of the gold medal-winning American team in the Beijing Olympics.

## Life and career

Cedric is a gray Holsteiner gelding, standing 15.2 hands (62 inches, 157 cm) high. He was foaled in Belgium and at the age of seven was purchased by American rider Laura Kraut, who took him to the United States and began competing on him. Cedric and Kraut won the United States Equestrian Team's Olympic selection trial in 2008 and competed in the Beijing Olympic Games, winning team gold. In 2014, Kraut and Cedric won the Holidays and Horses $50,000 Grand Prix competition. In early 2015, they won the Trump Invitational Grand Prix. Later the same year, Traut and Cecil won the $150,000 Ocala Grand Prix in Florida.

## InfoBox

| Cedric | |
| --- | --- |
| Cedric ridden by Laura Kraut | |
| Breed | Holsteiner |
| Discipline | Show jumping |
| Sex | Gelding |
| Foaled | May 11, 1998 |
| Color | Gray |
| Trainer | Laura Kraut |
| Major wins | |
| Team gold in 2008 Olympic Games | |


title: Kvitsøy (island)

abstract: Kvitsøy or Kvitsøya is the main island in Kvitsøy municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The 2.3-square-kilometre (0.89 sq mi) island is one of 167 islands and skerries that make up the municipality. The island is home to most of the municipal residents, as well as the majority of the municipality's land area. The main population centre on the island is the village of Ydstebøhamn on the southern coast. The Kvitsøy Church and Kvitsøy Lighthouse are both located on the island. The island is only accessible by boat. The village of Ydstebøhamn has a ferry quay which receives regular ferries from the town of Skudeneshavn on the island of Karmøy across the Boknafjorden to the north, and to the village of Mekjarvik in Randaberg municipality across the Kvitsøyfjorden on the mainland to the south. The planned Rogfast undersea tunnel will connect Kvitsøy to the mainland to the north and south as part of the government's goal of providing a ferry-free European route E39 highway along the west coast of Norway.

text:
# Kvitsøy (island)

**Kvitsøy** or **Kvitsøya** is the main island in Kvitsøy municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The 2.3-square-kilometre (0.89 sq mi) island is one of 167 islands and skerries that make up the municipality. The island is home to most of the municipal residents, as well as the majority of the municipality's land area. The main population centre on the island is the village of Ydstebøhamn on the southern coast. The Kvitsøy Church and Kvitsøy Lighthouse are both located on the island.

The island is only accessible by boat. The village of Ydstebøhamn has a ferry quay which receives regular ferries from the town of Skudeneshavn on the island of Karmøy across the Boknafjorden to the north, and to the village of Mekjarvik in Randaberg municipality across the Kvitsøyfjorden on the mainland to the south. The planned Rogfast undersea tunnel will connect Kvitsøy to the mainland to the north and south as part of the government's goal of providing a ferry-free European route E39 highway along the west coast of Norway.

## InfoBox

Kvitsøy
| View over the island | |
| --- | --- |
| KvitsøyLocation in Rogaland county | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Rogaland, Norway |
| Coordinates | 59°03′59″N 5°24′36″E / 59.0663°N 5.4101°E / 59.0663; 5.4101 |
| Area | 2.3 km2 (0.89 sq mi) |
| Length | 1.8 km (1.12 mi) |
| Width | 1.8 km (1.12 mi) |
| Administration | |
| **Norway** | |
| County | Rogaland |
| Municipality | Kvitsøy |


title: Capture of Tunis (1329)

abstract: The capture of Tunis was a battle in which the Ziyyanid army, under the command of Yahya Ibn Moussa and the Hafsid pretender Mohamed Ibn Abu Amran, took possession of Tunis as part of the Ziyyanid campaigns in Ifriqiya during the reign of Sultan Abu Tâshfîn.

text:
# Capture of Tunis (1329)

The **capture of Tunis** was a battle in which the Ziyyanid army, under the command of Yahya Ibn Moussa and the Hafsid pretender Mohamed Ibn Abu Amran, took possession of Tunis as part of the Ziyyanid campaigns in Ifriqiya during the reign of Sultan Abu Tâshfîn.

## Context

After his defeat at the battle of er Rais, the Hafsid caliph took refuge in Annaba. The Zianid army, under the command of General Yahya Ibn Moussa, marched on Tunis accompanied by the pretender to the Hafsid throne, Mohamed Ibn Abu Umran.

## Consequences

In November–December 1329, Tunis fell to the attackers and was then ruled by Mohamed Ibn Abu Umran and Ziyyanid general Yahya Ibn Moussa who made the Hafsid dynasty their vassals. However, Abu Umran's rule did not last long. In May 1330 the Hafsid Sultan Abu Yahya Abu Bakr sought the help of the Merinids to regain possession of his kingdom.

1. A. W. (July 1926). "Recueil des Notices et Mémoires de la Société Archéologique, Historique et Géographique du Département de Constantine. 12 Volume de la Cinquiéme Série. Cinquante-cinquième Volume de la Collection. Années". *African Affairs*. **XXV** (C): 396–397. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a100667. ISSN 1468-2621.
2. Féraud, Laurent-Charles (2001). *Histoire de Bougie*. Saint-Denis: Éditions Bouchène. ISBN 978-2-35676-089-0. OCLC 1049957508.
3. *Ibn Khaldun : the Mediterranean in the 14th century : rise and fall of Empires : exhibition in the Real Alcázar of Seville, May-September 2006*. Ana Serrano, María Jesús. Viguera, Jeronimo Páez López, José María. Cabeza Méndez, Legado Andalusí., Fundación José Manuel Lara. Seville: Fundación El Legado Andalusí. 2006. ISBN 84-96556-33-6. OCLC 276451761.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)
4. Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. (1987). *A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-33184-6. OCLC 14242602.
5. "Glossaire des mots hébreux (h.), arabes (a.) ou judéo-arabes employés par les auteurs de cet ouvrage", *Les Juifs d’Algérie*, Presses universitaires de Provence, pp. 309–311, 2015, doi:10.4000/books.pup.18467, ISBN 9782853999984, retrieved 2021-12-15

## InfoBox

| Capture of Tunis (1329) | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Siege of Béjaïa (1326-1329) | |
| Date November–December 1329  Location Tunis  Result  Hafsids become vassals of the Zayyanids | |
| Belligerents | |
| Hafsid Dynasty | Kingdom of Tlemcen |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Unknown | Yahya Ibn Moussa<br>Mohamed Ibn Abu Umran |
| Units involved | |
| Unknown | Unknown |
| Casualties and losses | |
| Unknown | Unknown |


title: USS Refresh (AM-287)

abstract: USS Refresh (AM-287) was an Admirable-class minesweeper built for the U.S. Navy during World War II. She was built to clear minefields in offshore waters, and served the Navy in the Pacific Ocean. Post-war, her crew returned home with two battle stars to their credit. The ship itself was given to the Nationalist Chinese Navy.

text:
# USS Refresh (AM-287)

**USS *Refresh* (AM-287)** was an Admirable-class minesweeper built for the U.S. Navy during World War II. She was built to clear minefields in offshore waters, and served the Navy in the Pacific Ocean. Post-war, her crew returned home with two battle stars to their credit. The ship itself was given to the Nationalist Chinese Navy.

## Career

*Refresh*, a minesweeper, was laid down 22 September 1943 by the General Engineering & Dry Dock Company, of Alameda, California, launched 12 April 1944, sponsored by Miss Muriel Maddox of San Francisco, California; and, commissioned 10 April 1945.

Following a Pacific coast shakedown out of San Pedro, California, *Refresh* reported to Commander in Chief, Pacific for duty 9 June 1945. After a call at Pearl Harbor, she departed 1 July for Okinawa via Eniwetok and Guam. Arriving Buckner Bay 31 July, she joined Commander, Mine Squadron 15 and began minesweeping operations in the Okinawa area 13 August. The last week of August she swept the approaches to Jinsen, Korea, and operated in the Yellow Sea through 7 September.

During the remainder of September, *Refresh* assisted task group TG 52.3 in minesweeping operations in the East China Sea approaches to Nagasaki and Sasebo, Japan, and in the Goto Archipelago, primarily in the area of Fukse, southwest of Kyūshū. Arriving Sasebo 1 October, *Refresh* was assigned several hydrographic missions, conducting soundings in shoal waters southwest of Kagoshima, Kyūshū, Japan. After upkeep in Sasebo, she continued to operate in Japanese waters through the new year.

Calling at Pearl Harbor 8–26 March 1946, *Refresh* then proceeded to San Pedro, California, arriving 4 April. Designated for transfer to the Chinese Navy 29 April 1946, she sailed for Subic Bay, Philippine Islands 17 September, decommissioned there 9 November 1946, was delivered to the Chinese 30 June 1948, and struck from the Navy list 13 July 1948. She served in the Navy of the Republic of China as ***Yung Chang* (AM 51)**. She was sunk on 14 November 1965 at the Battle of East Chongwu.

*Refresh* received two battle stars for World War II service.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | USS *Refresh* |
| Builder | General Engineering & Dry Dock Company, Alameda, California |
| Laid down | 22 September 1943 |
| Launched | 12 April 1944 |
| Commissioned | 10 April 1945 |
| Decommissioned | 9 November 1946 |
| Fate | Transferred to the Republic of China, 30 June 1948 |
| Stricken | 13 July 1948 |
| History | |
| Taiwan | |
| Name | ROCS *Yung Chang* (AM 51) |
| Acquired | 30 June 1948 |
| Fate | Sunk at the Battle of East Chongwu on 14 November 1965 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Admirable*-class minesweeper |
| Displacement | 650 tons |
| Length | 184 ft 6 in (56.24 m) |
| Beam | 33 ft (10 m) |
| Draft | 9 ft 9 in (2.97 m) |
| Propulsion |  |
| Speed | 14.8 knots (27.4 km/h) |
| Complement | 104 |
| Armament |  |
| Service record | |
| Part of: | US Pacific Fleet (1945-1946) |
| Awards: | 2 Battle stars |


title: Systropus macer

abstract: Systropus macer is a species of bee flies. It is a parasitoid of Limacodidae caterpillars, including Adoneta spinuloides, Euclea delphinii, Lithacodes fasciola, Prolimacodes badia, and Parasa indetermina.

text:
# Systropus macer

***Systropus macer*** is a species of bee flies (insects in the family Bombyliidae). It is a parasitoid of Limacodidae caterpillars, including *Adoneta spinuloides*, *Euclea delphinii*, *Lithacodes fasciola*, *Prolimacodes badia*, and *Parasa indetermina*.

## InfoBox

| *Systropus macer* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Bombyliidae |
| Subfamily: | Toxophorinae |
| Genus: | *Systropus* |
| Species: | ***S. macer*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Systropus macer***<br>Loew, 1863 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cephenus imbecillus*  Karsch, 1880 * *Cephenus infuscatus*  Karsch, 1880 | |


title: Saltbreakers

abstract: Saltbreakers is the sixth studio album by American singer-songwriter Laura Veirs. The album was released in Europe and Australia on March 17, 2007, and in the U.S. on April 10, 2007. It was released on Nonesuch Records, who also released two previous Veirs albums, Carbon Glacier and Year of Meteors. On August 7, 2018, it was announced that this album, along with the rest of her releases through Nonesuch would be reissued for the first time in over ten years on both compact disc and vinyl by Veirs' own record label, Raven Marching Band.

text:
# Saltbreakers

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 78/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Guardian* |  |
| *Pitchfork* | 4.7/10 |

***Saltbreakers*** is the sixth studio album by American singer-songwriter Laura Veirs.

The album was released in Europe and Australia on March 17, 2007, and in the U.S. on April 10, 2007. It was released on Nonesuch Records, who also released two previous Veirs albums, *Carbon Glacier* and *Year of Meteors*. On August 7, 2018, it was announced that this album, along with the rest of her releases through Nonesuch would be reissued for the first time in over ten years on both compact disc and vinyl by Veirs' own record label, Raven Marching Band.

## Track listing

1. "Pink Light" – 4:04
2. "Ocean Night Song" – 3:08
3. "Don't Lose Yourself" – 4:01
4. "Drink Deep" – 4:36
5. "Wandering Kind" – 3:32
6. "Nightingale" – 3:12
7. "Saltbreakers" – 3:20
8. "To the Country" – 5:09
9. "Cast a Hook in Me" – 3:20
10. "Phantom Mountain" – 3:14
11. "Black Butterfly" – 2:22
12. "Wrecking" – 3:49
13. "Bright Glittering Gifts" (iTunes bonus track) – 4:43

## Charts

Chart performance of *Saltbreakers*
| Chart (2007) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 96 |

## InfoBox

| Saltbreakers | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Laura Veirs | |
| Released | March 17, 2007 |
| Genre | Folk |
| Length | 48:02 |
| Label | Nonesuch |
| Laura Veirs chronology | |
| *Year of Meteors*
(2005) ***Saltbreakers***
(2007) *Two Beers Veirs*
(2008) | |


title: Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem

abstract: Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem is a third-person action-adventure video game based on the Scooby-Doo franchise. The game was developed by Artificial Mind and Movement and published by THQ in 2003 for the Game Boy Advance. It was later released for the PlayStation 2, GameCube, and Xbox in 2004.

text:
# Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem

***Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem*** is a third-person action-adventure video game based on the *Scooby-Doo* franchise. The game was developed by Artificial Mind and Movement and published by THQ in 2003 for the Game Boy Advance. It was later released for the PlayStation 2, GameCube, and Xbox in 2004.

## Plot

When Scooby and the gang discover that someone has released thousands of real ghosts and monsters from a magic book called The Tome of Doom, they race to solve mysteries and put the monsters back into it. The gang explore five locations, including: Hambridge Library, the Milton Brothers Movie Studio, the Gold Mountain western theme park, a bayou, and Sherman-Tech Headquarters in Colorado.

## Gameplay

The player controls two characters, Scooby-Doo and Shaggy Rogers, as they progress through five levels, solving mysteries for Mystery Inc. The player can switch between Scooby and Shaggy to utilize their unique abilities, such as Scooby being able to crawl under narrow spaces. Some levels only allow for one playable character. Players find clues within the levels, take the clues to Velma Dinkley, and are then able to defeat monsters by using the Tome of Doom. The book has no effect on human enemies or alligators, which the characters can only avoid. The Tome of Doom can be charged up using magical wisps, which the player can collect along their way when the tome is low on magic. Floating green skulls also provide an endless supply of wisps. The tome also requires the right page in order to capture certain monsters. In some areas, monsters must be defeated in order to remove the force fields blocking the way out. The player characters have a 'cool meter', which when empty, causes the player to lose control of the character. The player can refill this meter by consuming Scooby Snacks or other foods found in the level. Certain food items are counted as collectibles and unlock bonuses if the player finds all of them within a particular level.

## Reception

*Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem* received "mixed or average" reviews. GameRankings and Metacritic gave it a score of 53.20% and 53 out of 100 for the Game Boy Advance version; 59.82% and 56 out of 100 for the Xbox version; 59.52% and 55 out of 100 for the PlayStation 2 version; and 55.75% and 54 out of 100 for the GameCube version.

## InfoBox

| Scooby-Doo! Mystery Mayhem | |
| --- | --- |
| PAL region Xbox cover art | |
| Developer(s) | Artificial Mind and Movement |
| Publisher(s) | THQ |
| Producer(s) | Alexandre Parizeau |
| Designer(s) | Elie Charest |
| Programmer(s) | Stéphane Cravel |
| Composer(s) | Jean-Frédéric Vachon |
| Engine | RenderWare |
| Platform(s) | Game Boy Advance, GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox |
| Release | **Game Boy Advance**
* NA: September 10, 2003 * PAL: November 7, 2003 **PlayStation 2**, **Nintendo GameCube** & **Xbox**
* NA: March 2, 2004 * PAL: March 26, 2004 |
| Genre(s) | Action-adventure |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Psychotria cookei

abstract: Psychotria cookei is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is a shrub endemic to the island of Raiatea in the Society Islands of French Polynesia.

text:
# Psychotria cookei

***Psychotria cookei*** is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is a shrub endemic to the island of Raiatea in the Society Islands of French Polynesia.

## InfoBox

| *Psychotria cookei* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Rubiaceae |
| Genus: | *Psychotria* |
| Species: | ***P. cookei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Psychotria cookei***
J.W.Moore (1963) | |
|


title: Deer Island (Marin County)

abstract: Deer Island is a former island in Marin County, California, close to the Novato Creek, upstream of San Pablo Bay. It is now the location of Deer Island Preserve. It used to be inhabited by Antonio DeBorba, who hiked the nearby wetlands to avoid having to use a boat to get home. The building is still there on the Northeastern part of the island. Deer Island's coordinates are 38°05′52″N 122°32′13″W, and its elevation is 167 ft (51 m).

text:
# Deer Island (Marin County)

**Deer Island** is a former island in Marin County, California, close to (and formerly surrounded by wetlands of) the Novato Creek, upstream of San Pablo Bay (an embayment of San Francisco Bay). It is now the location of Deer Island Preserve. It used to be inhabited by Antonio DeBorba, who hiked the nearby wetlands to avoid having to use a boat to get home. The building is still there on the Northeastern part of the island. Deer Island's coordinates are 38°05′52″N 122°32′13″W / 38.09778°N 122.53694°W / 38.09778; -122.53694 (Deer Island), and its elevation is 167 ft (51 m).

## InfoBox

Deer Island
| Deer Island, as viewed from the south in March 2023. | |
| --- | --- |
| Deer IslandDeer IslandDeer Island | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Northern California |
| Coordinates | 38°05′52″N 122°32′13″W / 38.09778°N 122.53694°W / 38.09778; -122.53694 (Deer Island) |
| Adjacent to | Novato Creek |
| Highest elevation | 167 ft (50.9 m) |
| Administration | |
| **United States** | |
| State | California |
| County | Marin |


title: Celine Lee

abstract: Celine Lee Xin Yi is a Malaysian karateka. She won the gold medal in the women's individual kata event at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. She won one of the bronze medals in the women's individual kata event at the 2013 Islamic Solidarity Games held in Palembang, Indonesia. At the 2018 Asian Karate Championships held in Amman, Jordan, she won the silver medal in the women's kata event. In 2018, she also represented Malaysia at the Asian Games in the women's kata event where she was eliminated in her second match by Monsicha Tararattanakul of Thailand. In the same year, she also competed in the women's individual kata event at the World Karate Championships held in Madrid, Spain.

text:
# Celine Lee

**Celine Lee Xin Yi** (born 30 June 1994) is a Malaysian karateka. She won the gold medal in the women's individual kata event at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

She won one of the bronze medals in the women's individual kata event at the 2013 Islamic Solidarity Games held in Palembang, Indonesia.

At the 2018 Asian Karate Championships held in Amman, Jordan, she won the silver medal in the women's kata event. In 2018, she also represented Malaysia at the Asian Games in the women's kata event where she was eliminated in her second match by Monsicha Tararattanakul of Thailand. In the same year, she also competed in the women's individual kata event at the World Karate Championships held in Madrid, Spain.

## InfoBox

Celine Lee Xin Yi
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1994-06-30) 30 June 1994 |
| Sport | |
| Country | Malaysia |
| Sport | Karate |
| Events |  |
| Medal record      Women's karate   Representing   Malaysia   Southeast Asian Games   2017 Kuala Lumpur  Individual kata  2011 Jakarta  Team kata  2017 Kuala Lumpur  Team kata  2019 Philippines  Team kata  2013 Naypyidaw  Team kata  Islamic Solidarity Games   2013 Palembang  Individual kata  Asian Karate Championships   2018 Amman  Individual kata  2018 Amman  Team kata  2015 Yokohama  Individual kata  2017 Astana  Individual kata  2017 Astana  Team kata | |


title: Kutaisi State Historical Museum

abstract: Kutaisi State Historical Museum, formally known as the Niko Berdzenishvili Kutaisi State History Museum, is a museum in Kutaisi, Georgia. A major museum, it is also considered to be one of the most important scientific-research institutions in Georgia with its extensive research library and laboratory. The museum, which was established in 1921–22 in the former National Bank of Georgia building, contains more than 190,000 artifacts, displaying the archaeological, numismatic, paleographical, ethnographical and spiritual heritage of Georgia.

text:
# Kutaisi State Historical Museum

**Kutaisi State Historical Museum**, formally known as the **Niko Berdzenishvili Kutaisi State History Museum,** is a museum in Kutaisi, Georgia. A major museum, it is also considered to be one of the most important scientific-research institutions in Georgia with its extensive research library and laboratory.

The museum, which was established in 1921–22 in the former National Bank of Georgia building, contains more than 190,000 artifacts, displaying the archaeological, numismatic, paleographical, ethnographical and spiritual heritage of Georgia.

## InfoBox

Kutaisi State Historical Museum
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Georgia |
| Coordinates | 42°16′08″N 42°42′15″E / 42.26875°N 42.70408°E / 42.26875; 42.70408 |
| Location of Kutaisi State Historical Museum | |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Şefaatli

abstract: Şefaatli is a town in Yozgat Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Şefaatli District. Its population is 8,769 (2022).

text:
# Şefaatli

**Şefaatli** is a town in Yozgat Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Şefaatli District. Its population is 8,769 (2022).

## InfoBox

| Şefaatli | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| ŞefaatliLocation in TurkeyŞefaatliŞefaatli (Turkey Central Anatolia) | |
| Coordinates: 39°30′06″N 34°45′08″E / 39.50167°N 34.75222°E / 39.50167; 34.75222 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Yozgat |
| District | Şefaatli |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Zeki Bozkurt (AKP) |
| Elevation | 920 m (3,020 ft) |
| Population (2022) | 8,769 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Postal code | 66800 |
| Area code | 0354 |
| Website | www.sefaatli.bel.tr |


title: Seedcracker

abstract: The seedcrackers are the genus Pyrenestes of the estrildid finches family. These birds are found in Sub-Saharan Africa. They are gregarious seed eaters with short, very thick, grey bills. All have crimson on the face and tail.

text:
# Seedcracker

The **seedcrackers** are the genus ***Pyrenestes*** of the estrildid finches family. These birds are found in Sub-Saharan Africa. They are gregarious seed eaters with short, very thick, grey bills. All have crimson on the face and tail.

## Species

The members are:

| Image | Common Name | Scientific name | Distribution |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Crimson seedcracker | *Pyrenestes sanguineus* | Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Senegal and Sierra Leone. |
|  | Black-bellied seedcracker | *Pyrenestes ostrinus* | SE Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, South Sudan, Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea, Western and Southern Cameroon, Central African Republic, SW Chad, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Uganda, W Kenya, Angola, Zambia and SW Tanzania. |
|  | Lesser seedcracker | *Pyrenestes minor* | Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. |
|

## InfoBox

| Seedcracker | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Black-bellied seedcracker (*Pyrenestes ostrinus*) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Estrildidae |
| Genus: | *Pyrenestes*
Swainson, 1837 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Pirenestes sanguineus*
Swainson, 1837 | |
| Species | |
| *P. sanguineus*
*P. ostrinus*
*P. minor* | |


title: USS Reeves (DE-156)

abstract: USS Reeves (DE-156/APD-52) was a Buckley-class destroyer escort in service with the United States Navy from 1943 to 1946. She was transferred to Ecuador for use as an electric generator plant in 1960. Her final fate is unknown.

text:
# USS Reeves (DE-156)

**USS *Reeves* (DE-156/APD-52)** was a *Buckley*-class destroyer escort in service with the United States Navy from 1943 to 1946. She was transferred to Ecuador for use as an electric generator plant in 1960. Her final fate is unknown.

## History

*Reeves* was named in honor of Chief Petty Officer Thomas J. Reeves (18951941), who was killed in action, while serving aboard the battleship *California* (BB-44) during the attack on Pearl Harbor. For his distinguished conduct to bring ammunition to anti-aircraft guns, he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor. The ship was laid down by the Norfolk Navy Yard, Portsmouth, Virginia, on 7 February 1943; launched on 23 April 1943; sponsored by Miss Mary Anne Reeves, niece of Chief Radioman Reeves; and commissioned on 9 June 1943.

Following shakedown, *Reeves* returned to Norfolk and on 16 August got underway on her first transatlantic escort run, a slow convoy to Casablanca. Arriving at New York six weeks later, she underwent availability and further training, at Casco Bay, then returned to escort duty and for the next 12 months shepherded fast tanker convoys between New York and the United Kingdom. On 18 March 1944, after SS *Seakay* had been sunk, *Reeves* rescued 83 of the merchantman's 84-man crew. For heroism during that rescue, one of the escort's coxswains, E. E. Angus, was awarded the Navy and Marine Corps Medal. The following day, *Reeves* took *Donnell* (DE-56) in tow after she had been torpedoed, stood by until relieved by tugs, then continued on carrying the damaged escort's more seriously wounded men.

Through D-Day and the summer of 1944, *Reeves* continued to escort fast convoys. On 23 September she completed her last Atlantic escort mission and entered the Philadelphia Navy Yard for conversion to a *Charles Lawrence*-class high speed transport.

Redesignated **APD-52** on 25 September, *Reeves* emerged from the shipyard on 23 December and after amphibious training, headed for the Panama Canal and duty in the Pacific. Arriving at Ulithi on 26 February 1945, she continued on to the Philippines in early March to rehearse for Operation Iceberg, the invasion of the Ryukyus.

On 26 March *Reeves* arrived off the Kerama Retto invasion area and, after initial duties as a standby ship for Underwater Demolition Team operations, shifted to anti-submarine and anti-aircraft screening duties. She served on that harrowing duty for 109 days interrupted only for a fast convoy to Ulithi and a brief availability in the Philippines. Detached 18 August, the APD delivered men, mail, and provisions to ships of the fleet, then sailed north to Japan. There, into October, she assisted in the repatriation of former POWs, including Maj.'Pappy' Boyington. Then supported the United States Strategic Bombing Survey mission assigned to the Nagasaki area. She was the first American ship to drop anchor in Japanese(Tokyo)water before the surrender.

*Reeves* sailed for the United States on 26 November and, after stops in the Volcano, Marshall, and Hawaiian Islands, arrived at San Diego on 23 December. Three days later she continued on, and, on 10 January 1946, she arrived at Boston to begin inactivation. Assigned to the Florida Group, Atlantic Reserve Fleet, she decommissioned on 30 July at Green Cove Springs, Florida where she remained until struck from the Navy List on 1 June 1960 and transferred to the Government of Ecuador for use as an electric generator plant.

## Awards

*Reeves* earned one battle star during World War II.

## InfoBox

| *Reeves* on 22 December 1944 | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | USS *Reeves* |
| Namesake | Thomas J. Reeves |
| Ordered | 1942 |
| Builder | Norfolk Navy Yard, Portsmouth, Virginia |
| Laid down | 7 February 1943 |
| Launched | 22 April 1943 |
| Commissioned | 9 June 1943 |
| Decommissioned | 30 July 1946 |
| Reclassified | APD-52, 7 September 1944 |
| Stricken | 1 June 1960 |
| Honors and<br>awards | 1 battle star (World War II) |
| Fate | Sold to Ecuador, July 1960 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Buckley*-class destroyer escort |
| Displacement | * 1,400 long tons (1,422 t) standard * 1,740 long tons (1,768 t) full load |
| Length | 306 ft (93 m) |
| Beam | 37 ft (11 m) |
| Draft | * 9 ft 6 in (2.90 m) standard * 11 ft 3 in (3.43 m) full load |
| Propulsion | * 2 × boilers * General Electric turbo-electric drive * 12,000 shp (8.9 MW) * 2 × solid manganese-bronze 3,600 lb (1,600 kg) 3-bladed propellers, 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m) diameter, 7 ft 7 in (2.31 m) pitch * 2 × rudders * 359 tons fuel oil |
| Speed | 23 knots (43 km/h; 26 mph) |
| Range | * 3,700 nmi (6,900 km) at 15 kn (28 km/h; 17 mph) * 6,000 nmi (11,000 km) at 12 kn (22 km/h; 14 mph) |
| Complement | 15 officers, 198 men |
| Armament |  |


title: Synanthedon flavipalpis

abstract: Synanthedon flavipalpis is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is known from Malawi, South Africa and Zambia.

text:
# Synanthedon flavipalpis

***Synanthedon flavipalpis*** is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is known from Malawi, South Africa and Zambia.

## InfoBox

| *Synanthedon flavipalpis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Sesiidae |
| Genus: | *Synanthedon* |
| Species: | ***S. flavipalpis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Synanthedon flavipalpis***<br>(Hampson, 1910) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Lepidopoda flavipalpis* Hampson, 1910 | |


title: Scott Holman (baseball)

abstract: Randy Scott Holman is a former Major League Baseball pitcher. He pitched for the New York Mets in the 1980, 1982, and 1983 baseball seasons.

text:
# Scott Holman (baseball)

**Randy Scott Holman** (born September 18, 1958) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher. He pitched for the New York Mets in the 1980, 1982, and 1983 baseball seasons.

## InfoBox

| Scott Holman | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:**  (1958-09-18) September 18, 1958<br>Santa Paula, California, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| September 20, 1980, for the New York Mets | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| September 29, 1983, for the New York Mets | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Win–loss record | 4–10 |
| Earned run average | 3.34 |
| Strikeouts | 58 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Pseudotetracha canninga

abstract: Pseudotetracha canninga is a species of tiger beetle in the subfamily Cicindelinae that was described by McCairns, Freitag, Rose & McDonald in 1997. It is endemic to Australia.

text:
# Pseudotetracha canninga

***Pseudotetracha canninga*** is a species of tiger beetle in the subfamily Cicindelinae that was described by McCairns, Freitag, Rose & McDonald in 1997. It is endemic to Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudotetracha canninga* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cicindelidae |
| Genus: | *Pseudotetracha* |
| Species: | ***P. canninga*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudotetracha canninga***<br>(McCairns, Freitag, Rose & McDonald, 1997) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Megacephala canninga* McCairns, Freitag, Rose & McDonald, 1997 | |


title: Deaton Chris Anthony

abstract: Andrew Nicholas Georg Lovgren, known professionally as Deaton Chris Anthony, is an American singer-songwriter and producer from Olathe, Kansas. From 2015 to 2020, he independently released the albums BB (2015) and BO Y (2019), and the EP BOOGY WOOGY (2020), before he signed with the British independent record label Dirty Hit. He released his first album under the label, SID THE KID, in 2022. Aside from producing music, he also designs and sells rugs, clothes, shoes, and hats. He has produced music for Clairo and Charli XCX. His style has been described as bedroom pop, R&B, and electronic pop. He currently lives in Los Angeles, California.

text:
# Deaton Chris Anthony

**Andrew Nicholas Georg Lovgren** (born November 19, 1993), known professionally as **Deaton Chris Anthony**, is an American singer-songwriter and producer from Olathe, Kansas. From 2015 to 2020, he independently released the albums *BB* (2015) and *BO Y* (2019), and the EP *BOOGY WOOGY* (2020), before he signed with the British independent record label Dirty Hit. He released his first album under the label, *SID THE KID*, in 2022. Aside from producing music, he also designs and sells rugs, clothes, shoes, and hats.

He has produced music for Clairo and Charli XCX. His style has been described as bedroom pop, R&B, and electronic pop. He currently lives in Los Angeles, California.

## Career

Lovgren started making music in Kansas in 2015. He released his first album, *BB*, in 2015, available on cassette tape. In 2017, he moved to Echo Park, Los Angeles, to further pursue music. He released "*BO Y*" in 2019, with guest appearances from Clairo, Omar Apollo, and UMI. In 2020, he released his first EP, *BOOGY WOOGY*. He released the album *SID THE KID* in 2022, with guest appearances from Benee and Beabadoobee.

During the same time that Lovgren began making music, he also became a fashion designer. He makes clothes by taking pieces from other clothes and sewing them together. Vogue writer Rachel Hahn said that "he'll take one, hand-paint it, cut it up, and make a wonky pattern, creating a completely new design each time". Lovgren sells the designs on his website. He also creates photo-realistic rugs, often of faces.

In an interview with Vans, Lovgren has said that he enjoys making music with old equipment and that he often uses a bowling alley as a source of inspiration for his music. During a partnership, Vans sold bowling shoes that Lovgren designed.

## Discography

### Studio albums

| Title | Information |
| --- | --- |
| *BB* |  |
| *BO Y* | * Released: November 20, 2019 * Label: Self-released * Format: Digital download, streaming |
| *BOOGY WOOGY* | * Released: October 15, 2020 * Label: Self-released * Format: Digital download, streaming |
| *SID THE KID* | * Released: July 29, 2022 * Label: Dirty Hit * Format: Digital download, streaming |

### Singles

| Title | Year | Album |
| --- | --- | --- |
| "Dragon Tales" | 2018 | Non-album single |
| "Mr. Call You Back"
(with Triathalon) | 2019 | *BO Y* |
| | | "1999 She" |
| | | "Sonshine"
(with UMI) |
| | | "RACECAR"
(feat. Clairo, Coco & Clair Clair) |
| | | "Tony Hawk"
(feat. LA) |
| "I Love All My Friends" | 2020 | *BOOGY WOOGY* |
| | | "Tuethday" |
| | | "I Shake That Ath" |
| "Real Eyes Realize Real Lies" | 2022 | *SID THE KID* |
| | | "iScream"
(with beabadoobee) |
| | | "Shed Head" |
| | | "Good Buy My Old Life"
(with BENEE) |
| | | "Behind The Lockers With Hunter" |
| "I Just Steamed My Punk!" | 2023 | TBA |
| | | "Ralphie Choo Choo" |

## InfoBox

| Deaton Chris Anthony | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Andrew Nicholas Georg Lovgren |
| Also known as | DCA |
| Born | (1993-11-19) November 19, 1993
Olathe, Kansas |
| Origin | Los Angeles, California |
| Genres | Electronic |
| Years active | 2015–present |
| Labels |  |
|  | |
| Website | deatonchrisanthony.com |


title: Cedar Rapids Silver Bullets

abstract: The Cedar Rapids Silver Bullets were a professional basketball team based in Cedar Rapids, Iowa from 1988 to 1991. They played in the Continental Basketball Association (CBA), the defunct development league for the National Basketball Association (NBA).

text:
# Cedar Rapids Silver Bullets

The **Cedar Rapids Silver Bullets** were a professional basketball team based in Cedar Rapids, Iowa from 1988 to 1991. They played in the Continental Basketball Association (CBA), the defunct development league for the National Basketball Association (NBA).

## History

### Cincinnati Slammers relocation

The franchise was purchased for an undisclosed amount by Krause Gentle, the parent company of Kum & Go convenience stores. The company announced their intentions to relocate the team to Cedar Rapids, Iowa. The team's 1988-89 schedule was printed on soda cups that were sold at Kum & Go locations. The name "Silver Bullets" was chosen because the team was sponsored by Coors Light, which marketed the "silver bullet can".

### Cedar Rapids (1988–1991)

The Silver Bullets played their home games at the 7,200 seat Five Seasons Center (now U.S. Cellular Center). Kevin Krause, whose father owned the team through their parent company Krause Gentle, served as the team's president.

Lewis Lloyd, who was banned from playing in the National Basketball Association (NBA) due to a violation of their drug policy, sought a court injunction in 1988 to allow him to play in the CBA after his contract with the Cedar Rapids Silver Bullets was rejected by CBA commissioner Jay Ramsdell. Lloyd had been participating in the league's rehabilitation program and qualified for reinstatement on March 19. 1989, but through his lawyer challenged the legality of the CBA's drug policy. On December 21, 1988 Linn County, Iowa District Judge William Thomas ruled that the CBA had a right to bar players who had a history of drug use. Ramsdell testified at the hearing that the CBA did not test for cannabis during their drug screenings.

On December 30, 1989, Rockford Lightning head coach Charley Rosen was arrested in Cedar Rapids for assaulting Silver Bullets head coach George Whittaker. Rosen was restrained from attacking Whittaker on the court by referees and ejected from the game. After Cedar Rapids posted a 119–98 victory over the Lightning, Rosen met Whittaker in the hallway outside of the Silver Bullets locker room and struck him in the neck and shoulder. According to the Associated Press, Rosen was angry that Whittaker's team was running up the score. As a result of the altercation, the CBA suspended Rosen eight games and fined him an undisclosed amount. In April 1990, Rosen pleaded guilty to the misdemeanor assault charge.

The 1990 CBA All-Star Game was held in Cedar Rapids, Iowa on January 18. The game was sponsored by LA Gear, who announced on the broadcast that they were the official shoe of the CBA. John Starks appeared in the 1990 CBA All-Star Game as a member of the Silver Bullets. During a game late in the season, Starks pushed a referee which led his suspension from the CBA. Starks would eventually become an NBA All-Star with the New York Knicks in 1994.

Bimm Ridder Sportswear, an athletic apparel manufacturer, got its start making products for the Silver Bullets and the Minor League Baseball team, the Cedar Rapids Reds.

### Relocation to Tri-Cities, Washington

In June 1991, the CBA approved the re-location of the Cedar Rapids franchise to Tri-Cities, Washington. The team would later be known as the Tri-City Chinook who played their home games at Tri-Cities Coliseum in Kennewick, Washington.

## Season-by-season records

| Years | Wins | Losses | Winning percentage | Head coach(s) | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1988–89 | 30 | 24 | .555 | Gary Youmans |  |
| 1989–1990 | 25 | 31 | .446 | George Whittaker |  |
| 1990–91 | 24 | 32 | .428 | George Whittaker (2–5)
Steve Bontrager (22–27) |  |

## All-time roster

*Sources*

## Awards

## InfoBox

| Cedar Rapids Silver Bullets | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conference | Western (1988–89) |
| Division | Central (1989–1991) |
| League | CBA |
| Established | 1988 |
| Folded | 1991 |
| Arena | Five Seasons Center |
| Capacity | 7,200 |
| Location | Cedar Rapids, Iowa |
| Team colors | silver, red, blue, white
 |
| Main sponsor | Coors Light, Kum & Go |
| President | Kevin Krause |
| Ownership | Krause Gentle |


title: 2015–16 Segunda División de Futsal

abstract: The 2015–16 Segunda División de Futsal season was the 23rd season of second-tier futsal in Spain since its inception in 1993. The season comprises regular season and promotion playoff. Regular season began on September 19, 2015 and finished on April 17, 2016. After completing 26 matches, top team is promoted to Primera División, teams qualified in 2–5 place play promotion playoff while the bottom team is relegated Segunda División B. Promotion playoff kick-off on April 23/24, playing semifinals and Final to the best of 3 matches. Winner of promotion playoff will be promoted to Primera División 2016–17.

text:
# 2015–16 Segunda División de Futsal

The **2015–16** **Segunda División de Futsal** season was the 23rd season of second-tier futsal in Spain since its inception in 1993.

The season comprises regular season and promotion playoff. Regular season began on September 19, 2015 and finished on April 17, 2016. After completing 26 matches, top team is promoted to Primera División, teams qualified in 2–5 place play promotion playoff while the bottom team is relegated Segunda División B.

Promotion playoff kick-off on April 23/24, playing semifinals and Final to the best of 3 matches. Winner of promotion playoff will be promoted to Primera División 2016–17.

## Teams

FC Barcelona BPlásticos RomeroElPozo C. MurciaMelillaSegoviaHércules S.V.O'ParruloValdepeñasZamoraC. NarónPuertollanoProne LugoReal Betis FSNclass=notpageimage|Location of Segunda División teams 2015–16 Gran Canariaclass=notpageimage|Canary Islands

| Team | Location | Stadium | Capacity |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| FC Barcelona Lassa B | Barcelona | Pavelló Poliesportiu | 472 |
| Valdepeñas | Valdepeñas, Castile-La Mancha | Virgen de la Cabeza | 1,100 |
| Naturpellet Segovia | Segovia | Pedro Delgado | 2,800 |
| Gran Canaria | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria | Centro Insular | 5,000 |
| Melilla | Melilla | Javier Imbroda | 3,800 |
| Plásticos Romero | Cartagena | Wsell de Guimbarda | 2,500 |
| ElPozo Ciudad de Murcia | Murcia | Palacio de Deportes | 7,500 |
| Cofersa O'Parrulo | Ferrol | A Malata | 5,000 |
| Hércules San Vicente | San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante | Polideportivo Municipal | 700 |
| ~~Zamora~~ | Zamora | Ángel Nieto | 2,200 |
| Prone Lugo | Lugo | Pavillón Municipal | 2,500 |
| Real Betis FSN | Dos Hermanas, Seville | Francisco de Dios Jiménez | 1,500 |
| Cidade de Narón | Narón, Galicia | A Gándara | 1,200 |
| Puertollano | Puertollano, Ciudad Real | Antonio Rivilla | 2,500 |

## Regular season standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | ElPozo Ciudad de Murcia | 26 | 19 | 2 | 5 | 139 | 85 | +54 | 59 |  |
| 2 | Plásticos Romero | 26 | 18 | 3 | 5 | 104 | 74 | +30 | 57 | Promoted |
| 3 | Valdepeñas | 26 | 16 | 6 | 4 | 103 | 77 | +26 | 54 | Qualification to the promotion playoffs |
| 4 | FC Barcelona Lassa B | 26 | 16 | 4 | 6 | 101 | 69 | +32 | 52 |  |
| 5 | Hércules San Vicente | 26 | 16 | 3 | 7 | 129 | 81 | +48 | 51 | Qualification to the promotion playoffs |
| 6 | Naturpellet Segovia | 26 | 13 | 5 | 8 | 90 | 76 | +14 | | 44 |
| 7 | Gran Canaria | 26 | 14 | 1 | 11 | 107 | 76 | +31 | | 43 |
| 8 | Real Betis FSN | 26 | 13 | 2 | 11 | 102 | 89 | +13 | 41 |  |
| 9 | O'Parrulo | 26 | 9 | 5 | 12 | 92 | 92 | 0 | | 32 |
| 10 | Puertollano | 26 | 9 | 3 | 14 | 74 | 116 | 42 | | 30 |
| 11 | Melilla | 26 | 8 | 1 | 17 | 76 | 98 | 22 | | 22 |
| 12 | Prone Lugo | 26 | 7 | 3 | 16 | 64 | 102 | 38 | | 22 |
| 13 | Cidade de Narón | 26 | 3 | 2 | 21 | 38 | 102 | 64 | 11 | Relegation to Segunda División B |
| 14 | Zamora | 26 | 1 | 0 | 25 | 26 | 108 | 82 | | 2 |

Updated to match(es) played on 21 April 2016. Source: LNFS – Segunda División and lnfs.es
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) head-to-head points; 3) head-to-head goal difference; 4) goal difference; 5) number of goals scored * *FS Zamora was disqualified on 30 December 2015 for steadily breaching competition rules.*

**deducted points:**

* Prone Lugo; 2 points
* Melilla; 3 points
* Zamora; 5 points

## Promotion playoffs

### Calendar

| Round | Date | Fixtures | Clubs | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Semifinals | 23/24 April | 2 | 4 → 2 |  |
| | 30 April/1 May | | | |
| **Final** | 1 May | 1 | 2 → 1 |  |
| | 8 May | | | |
|

### Bracket

|  | 1st round | | | | |  |  | Final | | | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 3 | Valdepeñas | 2 | 2 |  |  |  | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | |
|  | 7 | **Gran Canaria** | **4** | **5** |  |  | |
|  | | | | | | |  | 7 | **Gran Canaria** | **7** | **4** |  |  |
|  | | | | | | | |  | | | | |  |
|  | |  |  | 6 | Naturpellet Segovia | 1 | 3 |  |  |
|  | 5 | | | | | | | | Hércules San Vicente | 2 | **5** | 1(3) |  |
|  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |
|  | | 6 | **Naturpellet Segovia** | **5** | 2 | **1(4)** |  |

### Semifinals

#### 1st leg

| April 23, 2016 | **Naturpellet Segovia** | **5–2** | **Hércules San Vicente** | Segovia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:00 (UTC+02) | Lucas  3'
Edu  15'
Álex Fuentes  25'
Juanfran  30'
Buitre  35' | Boxscore | Fabricio  19'
Peloncha  28' | Stadium: Pedro Delgado
Referee: Ferrero Carballal, Menéndez Nistral |

| April 24, 2016 | **Gran Canaria** | **4–2** | **Valdepeñas** | Las Palmas |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12:00 (UTC+01) | Salado  30', 35', 38'
Julio  40' | Boxscore | Juanlu  7'
Carlos  39' | Stadium: Centro Insular de Deportes
Referee: Gómez García, Moreno Durán |

#### 2nd leg

| April 29, 2016 | **Hércules San Vicente** | **5–2** | **Naturpellet Segovia** | Sant Vicent del Raspeig |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 21:00 (UTC+02) | Cristian  3'
Miani  13'
Juanito  25', 35'
Juandi  29' | Boxscore | Lucas  2', 38' | Stadium: Polideportivo Municipal
Referee: Centeno Bono, Alberto & Jordi |

| April 29, 2016 | **Valdepeñas** | **2–5** | **Gran Canaria** | Valdepeñas |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 21:00 (UTC+01) | Kike  37', 40' | Boxscore | Saúl  14'
Juanillo  23'
Anás  32'
Pepe  34'
Salado  40' | Stadium: Virgen de la Cabeza
Referee: Miñano Martínez, Ropero Lara |

***Gran Canaria won series 2–0 and advanced to Final.***

#### 3rd leg

| May 1, 2016 | **Hércules San Vicente** | **1–1** (a.e.t.)
(**3–4** ) | **Naturpellet Segovia** | Sant Vicent del Raspeig |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 (UTC+02) | Juanito  35' | Boxscore | Buitre  7' | Stadium: Polideportivo Municipal
Referee: Blas Alonso, Romero Candela |
|  | **Penalties** | | |  |
| | Juanito
Cristian
Fabricio
Juandi |  | Lucas
Buitre
Chus
Juanfran | |

***Naturpellet Segovia won series 2–1 and advanced to Final.***

### Final

#### 1st leg

| May 15, 2016 | **Gran Canaria** | **7–1** | **Naturpellet Segovia** | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:00 (UTC+02) | Ayose  6'
Pablo Salado  12', 35'
Juanillo  22'
Anás  30'
Gus  36'
Pepe  38' | Boxscore | Alvarito  36' | Stadium: Centro Insular de Deportes
Attendance: 1,000
Referee: Centeno Bono, Centeno Bono |

#### 2nd leg

| May 21, 2016 | **Naturpellet Segovia** | **3–4** (a.e.t.) | **Gran Canaria** | Segovia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:00 (UTC+02) | Alvarito  2'
Lucas  17'
Buitre  30' | Boxscore | Ayose  5'
Saúl  20'
Juanillo  37', 41' | Stadium: Pedro Delgado
Referee: Cotes García, Elena Pedrós |

| Promoted to Primera División 2016–17 | |
| --- | --- |
| **Gran Canaria**
(Two years after) |
|

## Top scorers

| Rank | Player | Club | Goals |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Fabricio | Hercules San Vicente | 38 |
| 2 | Joan | Valdepeñas | 35 |
| 3 | Jacobo | Cofersa O'Parrulo | 29 |
| 4 | Buitre | Naturpellet Segovia | 24 |
| | Fernando | ElPozo Ciudad de Murcia | |
| 6 | Esteban | FC Barcelona Lassa B | 22 |
| | Juanillo | Gran Canaria | |
| 8 | Elián | Plasticos Romero Cartagena | 20 |
| | Saura | ElPozo Ciudad de Murcia | |
| | Zamo | Valdepeñas | |

## InfoBox

Segunda División
| Season | 2015–16 |
| --- | --- |
| Promoted | Plásticos Romero Cartagena & Gran Canaria |
| Relegated | Cidade de Narón & Zamora |
| Matches played | 182 |
| Goals scored | 1,245 (6.84 per match) |
| Top goalscorer | Fabricio, (Hercules San Vicente), 38 |
| Biggest home win | Hércules San Vicente 10–0 Cidade de Narón |
| Biggest away win | Puertollano 4–11 ElPozo Ciudad de Murcia |
| Highest scoring | Hércules San Vicente 9–7 Gran Canaria |
| 2014–15 2016–17 | |


title: Şebnem Taşkan

abstract: Şebnem Taşkan is a Turkish-German football midfielder currently playing in the German 2nd Women's Football Bundesliga North for Bramfelder SV. She is a member of the Turkey women's national team.

text:
# Şebnem Taşkan

**Şebnem Taşkan** (born 26 October 1994) is a Turkish-German football midfielder currently playing in the German 2nd Women's Football Bundesliga North for Bramfelder SV. She is a member of the Turkey women's national team.

## Playing career

### Club

She plays for Bramfelder SV in the German 2nd Women's Football Bundesliga North.

### International

She was admitted to the Turkey women's national team and debuted internationally on 6 April 2017 in the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification – UEFA preliminary round – Group 4 match against Montenegro.

## InfoBox

Şebnem Taşkan
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1994-10-26) 26 October 1994 | | |
| Place of birth | Hamburg, Germany | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Bramfelder SV | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2016– | Bramfelder SV | 10 | (1) |
| International career | | | |
| 2017 | Turkey | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 2 April 2017<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 6 April 2017 | | | |


title: Seedbox

abstract: A seedbox is a high-bandwidth remote server for uploading and downloading of digital files from a P2P network. The bandwidth ranges generally from 100 Mbit/s to 20 Gbit/s. After the seedbox has acquired the files, people with access to the seedbox can download the file to their personal computers.

text:
# Seedbox

A **seedbox** is a high-bandwidth remote server for uploading and downloading of digital files from a P2P network. The bandwidth ranges generally from 100 Mbit/s to 20 Gbit/s. After the seedbox has acquired the files, people with access to the seedbox can download the file to their personal computers.

## Function

Seedboxes generally use the BitTorrent protocol, although they have also been used on the eDonkey2000 network. Seedboxes are usually connected to a high-speed network, often with a throughput of 100 Mbit/s or even 1 Gbit/s. Some providers are testing and offering 10 Gbit/s shared servers, while others are developing other systems that will allow users to scale their needs on the fly. Once the seedbox has a full copy of the files, they can be downloaded at high speeds to a user's personal computer via the HTTP, FTP, SFTP, or rsync protocols. This allows for anonymity and, usually, removes the need to worry about share ratio. More expensive seedboxes may support VNC or Remote Desktop Protocol, allowing many popular clients to be run remotely. Other seedboxes are special-purpose and run a variety of torrent-specific software including web interfaces of popular clients like Transmission, rTorrent, Deluge, and μTorrent, as well as the TorrentFlux web interface clients. Mobile interface support is also offered by clients such as Transmission.

Seedboxes on high-speed networks are typically able to download large files within very quickly, provided that the swarm can actually handle such a high upload bandwidth. For example, a seedbox with a transfer rate of 300 Mbit/s can finish downloading a 1 GB file in under half a minute. That same 1 GB file can be uploaded to other users in the same amount of time, creating a 1:1 share ratio for that individual file. The ability to transfer files so quickly makes them very attractive to the P2P communities. Because of the mentioned high speeds, seedboxes tend to be popular when using private torrent trackers, where maintaining a share ratio above 1 can be very important.

Seedboxes are also used to circumvent bandwidth throttling by Internet service providers or to evade laws such as the HADOPI law in France.