title: Suleiman Nabulsi's cabinet

abstract: The 1956 election for the lower House of Representatives was held on 21 October in Jordan. The election witnessed the emergence of the National Socialist Party (NSP) as the party with the greatest number of seats—12 out of 40. Thus, King Hussein asked Suleiman Nabulsi to form a government. Nabulsi's cabinet, Jordan's only elected parliamentary government, lasted from October 1956 till April 1957. It was forced to resign on 10 April 1957 by senior royalist officials after its policies frequently clashed with that of the Palace. Ali Abu Nuwar, a nationalist army chief of staff who was said to have sympathized with Nabulsi's ousting, was alleged to have arranged a coup attempt on 13 April. The Cabinet consisted of 11 ministers: seven ministers from the NSP, one from the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, one from the Communist Party, and two independents.

text:
# Suleiman Nabulsi's cabinet

The 1956 election for the lower House of Representatives was held on 21 October in Jordan. The election witnessed the emergence of the National Socialist Party (NSP) as the party with the greatest number of seats—12 out of 40. Thus, King Hussein asked Suleiman Nabulsi (leader of the party) to form a government.

Nabulsi's cabinet, Jordan's only elected parliamentary government, lasted from October 1956 till April 1957. It was forced to resign on 10 April 1957 by senior royalist officials after its policies frequently clashed with that of the Palace. Ali Abu Nuwar, a nationalist army chief of staff who was said to have sympathized with Nabulsi's ousting, was alleged to have arranged a coup attempt on 13 April.

The Cabinet consisted of 11 ministers: seven ministers from the NSP, one from the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, one from the Communist Party, and two independents.

## Cabinet

| Minister | Office | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Suleiman Nabulsi | Prime Minister |  | National Socialist Party |
| Abdel Haleem Nimir | Minister of Interior and Minister of Defence |  | National Socialist Party |
| Anwar Khateeb | Minister of Public Works |  | National Socialist Party |
| Shafeeq Irsheidat | Minister of Justice and Minister of Education |  | National Socialist Party |
| Na'eem Abdel Hadi | Minister of Economy |  | National Socialist Party |
| Saleh Muasher | Minister of Health |  | National Socialist Party |
| Salah Touqan | Minister of Finance |  | National Socialist Party |
| Abdullah Rimawi | Minister of Foreign Affairs |  | Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party |
| Abdel Qader Al-Saleh | Minister of Agriculture |  | Communist Party |
| Sam'an Daoud | Minister of Construction |  | Independent |
| Saleh Majali | Minister of Transportation |  | Independent |
|

## InfoBox

| Suleiman Nabulsi's cabinet | |
| --- | --- |
| 1956-1957 | |
| Suleiman Nabulsi | |
| Date formed | 29 October 1956 (1956-10-29) |
| Date dissolved | 10 April 1957 (1957-04-10) |
| People and organisations | |
| Head of state | King Hussein |
| Head of government | Suleiman Nabulsi |
| No. of ministers | 11 |
| Member party | National Socialist Party |
| Status in legislature | Majority |
| History | |
| Election | 1956 general election |
| Legislature term | 10th Parliament (4 years) |
| Predecessor | Fourth cabinet of Hashim |
| Successor | First cabinet of Al-Khalidi |


title: S. M. Lockridge

abstract: Shadrach Meshach Lockridge was the Pastor of Calvary Baptist Church, a prominent African-American congregation in San Diego, California, from 1953 to 1993. He was known for his preaching across the United States and around the world.

text:
# S. M. Lockridge

**Shadrach Meshach Lockridge** (March 7, 1913 – April 4, 2000) was the Pastor of Calvary Baptist Church, a prominent African-American congregation in San Diego, California, from 1953 to 1993. He was known for his preaching across the United States and around the world.

## Life and work

Lockridge was born in Robertson County, Texas, the oldest of eight children and the son of a Baptist minister. A graduate of Bishop College in Marshall, Texas, he worked for two years as a high school English teacher. In 1940 in Dallas, he felt led to preach. In 1941 he married Virgil Mae Thompson.

In 1942, he accepted his first pastorate at Fourth Ward Baptist Church in Ennis, Texas. In August 1952, he was named pastor of Calvary Baptist Church in San Diego where he served until retiring in 1993.

During Lockridge's tenure at Calvary Baptist, a predominantly African-American congregation, his ministry reached more than 100,000 people. He preached at crusades, revivals, religious rallies and evangelistic conferences around the world.

He also served in key regional, state and national positions with the Baptist Church, including being elected as the Moderator of the Progressive Baptist District Association, President of the California Missionary Baptist State Convention, and the first president of the National Missionary Baptist Convention of America, where he held all three major positions simultaneously.

He held doctorates and numerous honorary degrees, and was often sought as a public speaker, even after he retired in 1993. He served as guest lecturer at numerous schools and universities and on the faculty of several others, including the Billy Graham School of Evangelism.

Lockridge was active in the civil rights movement, and under his leadership Calvary Baptist hosted several of its leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr.

Lockridge's best-known message is "Amen" ("That's my King!"), notably the six and a half minute description of Jesus Christ contained at the end of the hour-long sermon (the popular title comes from Lockridge's repeated refrain). YouTube, Google Videos, Godtube, and other video-sharing websites have numerous variations of this message in video clips of varying lengths, in both English and Spanish (subtitles or with a translator), with various video and musical backdrops, and user views have reached into the multi-millions.

## Publications

* Lockridge, SM (1969). *The Challenge of the Church: Provocative Discussion of Vital Issues*. Zondervan. OCLC 82183.

## InfoBox

| S. M. Lockridge | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Shadrach Meshach Lockridge
(1913-03-07)March 7, 1913
Robertson County, Texas, U.S. |
| Died | April 4, 2000(2000-04-04) (aged 87)
San Diego, California, U.S. |
| Occupation | Author, Minister |
| Nationality | American |
| Subject | Leadership |


title: Sanganer Assembly constituency

abstract: Sanganer is one of the 200 constituencies in the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly and falls within the Jaipur Lok Sabha constituency. It encompasses parts of the Mansarovar and Sanganer neighborhoods in Jaipur city, covering all voters from Ward numbers 24 to 32 of the Jaipur Municipal Corporation.

text:
# Sanganer Assembly constituency

**Sanganer** is one of the 200 constituencies in the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly and falls within the Jaipur Lok Sabha constituency. It encompasses parts of the Mansarovar and Sanganer neighborhoods in Jaipur city, covering all voters from Ward numbers 24 to 32 of the Jaipur Municipal Corporation.

## History

Sanganer Assembly constituency was established in 1976 through the *Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1976*. The Delimitation Commission of India created 16 new constituencies at that time, bringing the total number of constituencies to 200, in accordance with the Delimitation Act of 1972.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Year | Member | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1977 | Vidhya Pathak |  | Janata Party |
| 1980 | |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 1985 | | |
| 1990 | | |
| 1993 | Indira Mayaram |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1998 | | | |
| 2003 | Ghanshyam Tiwari |  | Bharatiya Janta Party |
| 2008 | | | |
| 2013 | | | |
| 2018 | Ashok Lahoty | | |
| 2023 | Bhajan Lal Sharma | | |
|

## Election results

### 2023

2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election: Sanganer
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **BJP** | **Bhajan Lal Sharma** | **145,162** | **58.44** | **+6.89** |
|  | INC | Pushpendra Bhardwaj | 97,081 | 39.08 | +4.44 |
|  | AAP | Amit Dadhich | 1,426 | 0.57 | NA |
|  | RRP | Shashank Arya | 94 | 0.04 | NA |
|  | NOTA | None of the Above | 1,296 | 0.52 |  |
| Majority | | | 48,081 | 19.36 |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,48,412 |  |  |
|  | BJP **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### 2018

2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election: Sanganer
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **BJP** | **Ashok Lahoti** | **107,947** | **51.55** | **−14.40** |
|  | INC | Pushpendra Bhardwaj | 72,542 | 34.64 | +7.16 |
|  | Independent | Ghanshyam Tiwari | 17,371 | 8.30 |  |
|  | NOTA | None of the Above |  |  |  |
| Majority | | | 35,405 | 16.91 |  |
| Turnout | | |  |  |  |
|  | BJP **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### 2013

Rajasthan Assembly Election, 2013: Sanganer
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **BJP** | **Ghanshyam Tiwari** | **112,465** | **65.59** |  |
|  | INC | Sanjay Bapna | 47,115 | 27.48 |  |
|  | JGP | Vijay Sharma | 1,780 | 1.04 |  |
|  | BSP | Keshav Shukla | 1,395 | 0.81 |  |
|  | NPEP | Chhail Bihari | 1,302 | 0.76 |  |
|  | NOTA | None of the Above | 2,911 | 1.70 |  |
| Majority | | | 65,350 | 38.11 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,71,474 | 68.16 |  |
|  | BJP **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

26°49′N 75°46′E / 26.82°N 75.77°E / 26.82; 75.77

## InfoBox

| Sanganer | |
| --- | --- |
| Constituency No. 55 for the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly | |
| Constituency details | |
| Country | India |
| Region | North India |
| State | Rajasthan |
| District | Jaipur district |
| Established | 1977 |
| Reservation | None |
| Member of Legislative Assembly | |
| 16th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly | |
|  | |
| **Incumbent**  **Bhajan Lal Sharma** | |
| Party | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| Elected year | 2023 |
| Preceded by | Ashok Lahoty |


title: Pietro Perna

abstract: Pietro Perna was an Italian printer, the leading printer of Late Renaissance Basel, the Erasmian crossroads between Italian Renaissance humanism and the Protestant Reformation. His books promoted the Italian heretical thinkers at the origins of Socinianism and the theory of Tolerance. He was a major publisher of Protestant historians like Flacius Illyricus and David Chytraeus and promoted the ars historica treatises of the period, notably the 18 authores de historia in Artis Historicae Penus (1579). A native of Villa Basilica, in the Republic of Lucca, and a Dominican, he arrived in Basel in 1544 as a disciple of the reformer Pietro Martire Vermigli and with the help of Pietro Carnesecchi. As a printer he started as an assistant to the renowned Johannes Oporinus and set up a press of his own in 1558. As a bookseller and apprentice printer he established a network of Italian connections that helped him act as a go between and publisher of Italian reformed thinkers and writers, such as Vermigli, Pier Paolo Vergerio, Jacopo Aconcio, Bernardino Ochino, Lelio Sozzini, Sebastian Castellio, Celio Secondo Curione, etc. He published the first edition of the original Greek text of the Enneads of Plotinus. He produced important editions of Machiavelli and Bodin, Guicciardini and Lodovico Castelvetro. He published works of Paracelsus and various Paracelsians but also served as the chief printer of Paracelsus's leading critic Thomas Erastus. In 1570 Perna sent the artist Tobias Stimmer to Como to copy the famous collection of historical portraits in the Giovio Collection. Stimmer's distinctive woodcuts decorate numerous editions of Paolo Giovio, brought out by Perna and Heinrich Petri. The Basel doctor and polymath Theodor Zwinger was his close collaborator. Perna died of the plague and was buried in St. Peter's Church.

text:
# Pietro Perna

**Pietro Perna** (1519 – 16 August 1582) was an Italian printer, the leading printer of Late Renaissance Basel, the Erasmian crossroads between Italian Renaissance humanism and the Protestant Reformation. His books promoted the Italian heretical thinkers at the origins of Socinianism and the theory of Tolerance. He was a major publisher of Protestant historians like Flacius Illyricus and David Chytraeus and promoted the ars historica treatises of the period, notably the 18 *authores de historia* in Artis Historicae Penus (1579).

A native of Villa Basilica, in the Republic of Lucca, and a Dominican, he arrived in Basel in 1544 as a disciple of the reformer Pietro Martire Vermigli and with the help of Pietro Carnesecchi. As a printer he started as an assistant to the renowned Johannes Oporinus and set up a press of his own in 1558. As a bookseller and apprentice printer he established a network of Italian connections that helped him act as a go between and publisher of Italian reformed thinkers and writers, such as Vermigli, Pier Paolo Vergerio, Jacopo Aconcio, Bernardino Ochino, Lelio Sozzini, Sebastian Castellio, Celio Secondo Curione, etc. He published the first edition (editio princeps) of the original Greek text of the *Enneads* of Plotinus. He produced important editions of Machiavelli and Bodin, Guicciardini and Lodovico Castelvetro. He published works of Paracelsus and various Paracelsians but also served as the chief printer of Paracelsus's leading critic Thomas Erastus. In 1570 Perna sent the artist Tobias Stimmer to Como to copy the famous collection of historical portraits in the Giovio Collection. Stimmer's distinctive woodcuts decorate numerous editions of Paolo Giovio, brought out by Perna and Heinrich Petri. The Basel doctor and polymath Theodor Zwinger was his close collaborator. Perna died of the plague and was buried in St. Peter's Church.

## Bibliography

* Peter G. Bietenholz, (1959) *Der italienische Humanismus und die Blutezeit des Buchdrucks in Basel.* Die Basler Drucke italianischer Autoren von 1530 bis zum Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts, Basel-Stuttgart, Helbig & Lichtenhahn.
* Antonio Rotondò, (1974) Pietro Perna e la vita culturale e religiosa di Basilea fra il 1570 e il 1580, in *Studi e ricerche di storia ereticale italiana del Cinquecento*, Turin, Giappichelli.
* Perini, Leandro, (2002) *La vita e i tempi di Pietro Perna*, Rome, Edizioni di storia, provides a numbered catalogue of the 430 editions printed by Perna between 1549 and 1582.
* *Oxford Companion to the Book* (2010), *sub voce*.


title: Taboo Tuesday (2005)

abstract: The 2005 Taboo Tuesday was the second annual Taboo Tuesday/Cyber Sunday professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held exclusively for wrestlers from the promotion's Raw brand division. The event took place on November 1, 2005, at the iPayOne Center in San Diego, California. The theme of the event was that fans were given the chance to vote on stipulations for the matches. The voting for the event started on October 24, 2005, and ended during the event. It was also the final event titled Taboo Tuesday, as the following year, the event was moved to the traditional Sunday nights for PPVs and was renamed as Cyber Sunday. Eight professional wrestling matches were featured on the event's card. The main event was a Triple Threat match, a standard match involving three wrestlers, for the WWE Championship. In this match, John Cena defeated Kurt Angle and Shawn Michaels to retain his title. Two bouts were featured on the undercard. In a retrospective singles matches for the WWE Intercontinental Championship, Ric Flair defeated Triple H in a Steel cage match, which is fought in a cage with four sheets of mesh metal around, in, or against the edges of the wrestling ring, in which Flair won by escaping the cage and having both feet touch the arena floor. The other featured an Interpromotional tag team match where Rey Mysterio Jr. and Matt Hardy (SmackDown!) defeated Chris Masters and Snitsky (Raw). Taboo Tuesday received 174,000 pay-per-view buys, which was the same amount as the previous year's event. The professional wrestling section of the Canadian Online Explorer website rated the entire event 7 out of 10 stars, higher than the 2004 event rating of 5 out of 10 stars.

text:
# Taboo Tuesday (2005)

The 2005 **Taboo Tuesday** was the second annual Taboo Tuesday/Cyber Sunday professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held exclusively for wrestlers from the promotion's Raw brand division. The event took place on November 1, 2005, at the iPayOne Center in San Diego, California. The theme of the event was that fans were given the chance to vote on stipulations for the matches. The voting for the event started on October 24, 2005, and ended during the event. It was also the final event titled Taboo Tuesday, as the following year, the event was moved to the traditional Sunday nights for PPVs and was renamed as Cyber Sunday.

Eight professional wrestling matches were featured on the event's card. The main event was a Triple Threat match, a standard match involving three wrestlers, for the WWE Championship. In this match, John Cena defeated Kurt Angle and Shawn Michaels to retain his title. Two bouts were featured on the undercard. In a retrospective singles matches for the WWE Intercontinental Championship, Ric Flair defeated Triple H in a Steel cage match, which is fought in a cage with four sheets of mesh metal around, in, or against the edges of the wrestling ring, in which Flair won by escaping the cage and having both feet touch the arena floor. The other featured an Interpromotional tag team match where Rey Mysterio Jr. and Matt Hardy (SmackDown!) defeated Chris Masters and Snitsky (Raw).

Taboo Tuesday received 174,000 pay-per-view buys, which was the same amount as the previous year's event. The professional wrestling section of the Canadian Online Explorer website rated the entire event 7 out of 10 stars, higher than the 2004 event rating of 5 out of 10 stars.

## Production

### Background

In 2004, World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) held an event entitled Taboo Tuesday. It was the first regularly-scheduled pay-per-view by WWE on a Tuesday since 1991's This Tuesday in Texas, the first regularly-scheduled non-Sunday pay-per-view since the 1994 Survivor Series, and the first non-Sunday pay-per-view of any kind since In Your House 8: Beware of Dog 2 in 1996. The event was also produced exclusively for wrestlers of the Raw brand. A unique feature of the event was the ability for fans to vote on certain aspects of every match. Because of this, the event was billed as an "interactive pay-per-view." The 2005 event, which was also a Raw-exclusive PPV, was held on November 1 at the iPayOne Center in San Diego, California. It was the second Taboo Tuesday event, thus establishing the interactive PPV as an annual event for the promotion.

### Storylines

Unlike other WWE pay-per-views, where stipulations were determined by WWE's creative staff, this was the second event where stipulations for matches were determined by votes from WWE fans conducted on WWE's official website. The event was scheduled to feature eight professional wrestling matches. Although the stipulations resulted from votes by WWE fans, different wrestlers were involved in pre-existing scripted feuds, plots and storylines, which led to scheduled matches in which WWE fans could vote upon stipulations.

The main event scripted into Taboo Tuesday was between John Cena and Kurt Angle for the WWE Championship, in which Cena would also defend the title against the fans' choice of three possible opponents: Kane, The Big Show, and Shawn Michaels. The buildup to the match began at Unforgiven, Raw's previous pay-per-view event, in which Cena intentionally disqualified himself. In WWE, a championship cannot change hands via count-out or disqualification, as a result, Cena retained the title. On the October 17 episode of *Raw*, one of WWE's primary television programs, General manager Eric Bischoff, a portrayed match maker and rules enforcer, announced that a standard match involving three wrestlers, termed as a Triple Threat match, for the WWE Championship, would take place between Cena, Angle and the fans' choice at Taboo Tuesday. Bischoff was scripted to promote three series of qualifying matches, in which the winner would receive a spot on the ballot as a potential challenger to Cena and Angle. The winners were Kane, The Big Show, and Shawn Michaels. The following week, a Triple Threat match was scheduled between the three competitors. Michaels won the match after he delivered a superkick to Big Show and Kane and pinned the Big Show for the win. The following week, Bischoff announced a singles match between Cena and Michaels. Late in the match, Angle attacked both Cena and Michaels. Cena, however, retaliated and lifted Angle up on his shoulders, but Michaels managed to deliver a superkick to Cena.

One of the featured preliminary matches was between Ric Flair versus Triple H for the WWE Intercontinental Championship. On the October 3 episode of *Raw*, *WWE Homecoming*, Triple H returned after a four-month hiatus. He took part in a match, teaming up with Flair, who was a fan favorite during Triple H's absence, to take on Chris Masters and Carlito. The duo defeated Masters and Carlito; after the match, Triple H turned on Flair and hit him with a sledgehammer and marked the officially end of Evolution after more than two years since 2003. The following week, Triple H explained his actions, saying he saw that Flair had become mediocre when he was spat at and when he won the Intercontinental title. Triple H continued to say that he needed to end Flair's career so his memories of Flair would not be tarnished. On the October 24 episode of *Raw*, a singles match was scheduled between Flair and Triple H at Taboo Tuesday, in which the fans would be given the opportunity to choose the type of match they compete in. The choice of the matches were a regular match, submission match, or a Steel Cage match for the Intercontinental title.

Another preliminary match was between the Raw and SmackDown! brands. The feud began on the October 3 episode of *Raw*, in which WWE Chairman Vince McMahon wanted a match between SmackDown! wrestlers on the program. A match was scheduled, but before it could get underway, Eric Bischoff announced that McMahon had left the arena, thus leaving himself in charge. Seeing SmackDown! as inferior, Bischoff stopped the match by turning off the lights and going to a commercial break. At the end of the broadcast, SmackDown! General Manager Theodore Long, led SmackDown! superstars to the ring, and they fought with Raw superstars. On the October 17 episode of *Raw*, John "Bradshaw" Layfield's (JBL) (SmackDown!) entrance music played during Edge's (Raw) match, the distraction caused Edge to lose the match. As part of the storyline, Edge and Chris Masters showed up to the SmackDown! program on the October 21 episode, in which they interfered in a match between JBL and Rey Mysterio Jr., where they assaulted Mysterio. On the October 24 episode of *Raw*, a match was made between Edge and Masters, and two of five SmackDown! superstars chosen by the fans, and Mysterio attacked Edge from behind. The following week, Bischoff invited Mysterio to the *Raw* program to take the *Master Lock Challenge*, a challenge where the wrestler must break free from Masters' swinging full nelson submission hold, which he calls the Master Lock. Mysterio, however, attacked Masters instead, which caused Bischoff to call for other Raw superstars. Long called for SmackDown! superstars, and they fought until the Raw roster retreated.

## Event

**Other on-screen personnel**
| Role: | Name: |
| --- | --- |
| English commentators | Joey Styles |
| | Jerry Lawler |
| Spanish commentators | Carlos Cabrera |
| | Hugo Savinovich |
| Interviewer | Todd Grisham |
| Ring announcer | Lilian Garcia |
| Referees | Nick Patrick |
| | Mike Chioda |
| | Jack Doan |
| | Mickie Henson |
| | Chad Patton |

Before Taboo Tuesday aired live on pay-per-view, Kerwin White and Matt Striker defeated Shelton Benjamin and Val Venis in a tag team match taped for *WWE Heat*, one of WWE's secondary television programs.

### Preliminary matches

In the first televised match, Edge and Chris Masters (representing Raw) faced Rey Mysterio and Matt Hardy (representing SmackDown!). Before the match, Edge refused to wrestle, saying he didn't care about representing Raw and chose Snitsky as his replacement. Masters and Snitsky quickly gained the early advantage in the match, as they took the upper hand over Mysterio. Mysterio fought back with a tilt-a-whirl, a counterattack hold. Afterwards, Hardy and Snitsky were tagged in, leading to Hardy getting the advantage as he delivered a Side Effect and DDT on Snitsky. Back and forth action took place between both teams. The match ended when Mysterio performed the 619 on Masters, before Hardy performed the Twist of Fate on Snitsky. Mysterio pinned Masters to give SmackDown! the win over Raw.

In the next match, Rob Conway and Tyson Tomko faced Eugene and Jimmy "Superfly" Snuka, who won the fans' vote with 42%. Conway and Tomko dominated Eugene in the early start of the match. Eugene, however, fought back, avoiding Tomko's attacks. Eugene tagged Snuka in and performed a series of chops to Conway's chest and headbutted him in the process. In retaliation, Tomko attacked Snuka from behind, but Eugene fought him off, as he clotheslined Snuka, and knocked him out of the ring and out of the match. Eugene performed a jawbreaker on Conway, which proceeded with Eugene delivering a Rock Bottom to Conway for the win. After the match, Tomko attacked Snuka and Eugene until Jim Duggan and Kamala came down and fought off Tomko.

In the third match, Carlito faced Mankind, who was chosen by the fans' vote with 52%. The match began when Carlito performed a dropkick on Mankind. However, Mankind got the advantage over Carlito. Midway through the match, Mankind tried to use a steel chair on Carlito, but Carlito avoided, executing a drop toe-hold, sending Mankind into the steel steps. Mankind rose to his feet, which led Carlito to perform a standing dropkick, resulting in Mankind to hit the back of his head into the steel steps. Back in the ring, Mankind received the upper hand after delivering a DDT and forced Carlito to submit with the Mandible claw and win the match.

The voting results for John Cena and Kurt Angle's opponent for the WWE Championship were then revealed, with Shawn Michaels winning. Big Show and Kane, who were also contenders for the WWE title match, faced the World Tag Team Champions Lance Cade and Trevor Murdoch for the World Tag Team Championship. The match began with Big Show and Kane dominating Cade and Murdoch early on. Cade and Murdoch fought back after Murdoch shoved Kane off the top turnbuckle. They performed a running chop block combination on Kane and taking the upper hand. The Big Show, who was tagged in, stood at 7 feet 0 inches (2.13 m) and weighed 500 pounds (230 kg), used his body size to his advantage as he squashed, or easily and quickly performed moves on, Cade and Murdoch. The match concluded after Big Show and Kane delivered a Double Chokeslam and Big Show pinned Cade to win the title with Kane. After the match, Big Show and Kane double teamed Murdoch, as they performed a chokeslam.

In the next match Jonathan Coachman (with Goldust and Vader) faced Batista in a Street Fight. In the start of the match, Batista fought both Goldust and Vader, where they proceeded to beat him down in the corner. However, Batista fought back with a series of Spears. Coachman, who stood on the outside, entered the ring, but didn't last long, as Batista clotheslined him. Batista attempted to suplex Vader but Goldust managed to hit Batista with a kendo stick, allowing Coachman to receive the advantage over Batista. The match concluded after Batista performed a Batista Bomb on Coachman to gain the win.

The sixth match was a Battle Royal, a multi-competitor match type in which wrestlers are eliminated until one is left and declared the winner, for the WWE Women's Championship between Ashley, Candice Michelle, Mickie James, Victoria, Maria and Trish Stratus, all of whom wore lingerie, which was voted by the fans' with 43%. In the match, James, as part of a storyline angle involving her being a devoted fan of Stratus, saved Stratus from being eliminated from the match, after Victoria tried eliminating her. Maria was tossed over the top rope by Stratus and James, thus being the first to be eliminated. Afterward, Michelle applied a submission move on Ashley on the top rope. Michelle turned around and was knocked off the ring apron by Ashley, making the second elimination of the match. Following the elimination of Michelle, Ashley was then eliminated by Victoria. The match concluded after Victoria hesitantly tried to eliminate Stratus, but James stopped her from doing so. James eliminated herself along with Victoria to allow Stratus to win and retain her Women's title.

### Main event matches

In the seventh match, Ric Flair defended the WWE Intercontinental Championship against Triple H inside a Steel Cage, which gained 83% of the vote. During the match, Triple H sent Flair head-first into the steel cage, bloodying Flair's from the head. At one point, Triple H retrieved a steel chain, wrapped it around his fist and attempted a diving fist drop from the top turnbuckle. However, Flair countered, raising his foot to Triple H's face and performed a series of knife edged chops. Triple H controlled most of the match, until he attempted to apply the figure four leglock, a signature move of Flair's, resulting in Flair sending him towards the steel cage. After that, Flair bit Triple H's head, bloodying him from his forehead; This often results when a wrestler is trapped, either in a corner of the ring or in a submission hold, as a desperation move. The match ended when Flair reversed a Pedigree with a back body drop and hit Triple H with a steel chair three times, allowing Flair to escape through the steel cage door to win the match and retain his Intercontinental title.

In the main event, John Cena defended the WWE Championship against Kurt Angle and Shawn Michaels, who received the fans' vote to be part of the Triple Threat match. Early in the match, Cena performed a back body drop on Angle, sending him outside. Michaels, who was thrown out of the ring, received the upper hand over Cena until Angle returned to the mat, performing a variety of suplexes on both Michaels and Cena. Mid-way in the match, Angle and Michaels double teamed Cena, lifting him in the air, crashing face-first on the Spanish announce table. Back in the ring, Angle Angle Slammed Michaels from the top turnbuckles. Angle then tried to apply the ankle lock on Michaels, but Cena entered the ring, clotheslining Angle out of the ring. Cena proceeded and back body dropped Michaels, attempting to perform a Five Knuckle Shuffle but Kurt Angle pulled Cena out of the ring, tossing him over the security barricade. Toward the end, Angle caught Cena in the ankle lock. Michaels, who was on the outside, delivered a Diving Elbow Drop, on Angle and performed Sweet Chin Music on him. After that, Cena executed the FU on Michaels and pinned him to retain the title.

## Reception

The iPayOne Center usually can accommodate 14,000, but the capacity was reduced for the event. It also received 174,000 pay-per-view buys, which was the same amount as the previous year's Taboo Tuesday. The promotion's revenue was $18.8 million, which was greater than the previous year's revenue of $18.5 million. Canadian Online Explorer's professional wrestling section rated the event 7 out of 10 stars. The rating was higher than last year's event in 2004, which was rated 5 out of 10 stars. The WWE title match was rated an 8 out of 10. Additionally, the Divas match was rated a 3 out of 10.

The event was released on DVD on November 29, 2005. The DVD was distributed by the label Sony Music Entertainment.

## Aftermath

Following Taboo Tuesday, the storyline between John Cena and Kurt Angle continued. A match was scheduled in which Cena would defend WWE Championship against Angle at November's pay-per-view event Survivor Series. In the scripted feud, Angle refused to compete in the November 7 episode of *Raw* due to the "you suck" chants from the audience. Angle finally agreed to compete that night when Eric Bischoff censored the crowd and let him have a special guest referee for his title rematch against Cena; Angle chose Daivari to be the guest referee. Before their scheduled rematch, Daivari's officiating was unfair and biased towards Angle's opponents. At Survivor Series, Cena went on to defeat Angle to retain his title.

The storyline angle between Triple H and Ric Flair also continued at Survivor Series, where they were scheduled in a Last Man Standing match. Triple H defeated Flair at Survivor Series after Flair was unable to respond to a ten count. The feud between the Raw and SmackDown! brands continued with Eric Bischoff and Theodore Long deciding on a 5-on-5 elimination match and a singles match between the two at Survivor Series. The teams feuded on both programs. At Survivor Series, Team SmackDown! (Batista, Rey Mysterio, JBL, Bobby Lashley, and Randy Orton) defeated Team Raw (Shawn Michaels, Kane, The Big Show, Carlito, and Chris Masters) and Long defeated Bischoff.

The following year, the interactive PPV was moved to the more traditional Sunday night for pay-per-views. It was in turn renamed to Cyber Sunday.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1H | Kerwin White and Matt Striker (with Nick Nemeth) defeated Shelton Benjamin and Val Venis | Tag team match | 02:38 |
| 2 | Rey Mysterio and Matt Hardy defeated Snitsky and Chris Masters | Tag team match | 13:46 |
| 3 | Eugene and Jimmy Snuka defeated Rob Conway and Tyson Tomko | Tag team match | 06:21 |
| 4 | Mankind defeated Carlito by technical submission | Singles match | 07:22 |
| 5 | Big Show and Kane defeated Lance Cade and Trevor Murdoch (c) | Tag team match for the World Tag Team Championship | 07:59 |
| 6 | Batista defeated Jonathan Coachman (with Goldust and Vader) | Street Fight | 04:22 |
| 7 | Trish Stratus (c) won by last eliminating Victoria | Fulfill Your Fantasy Battle Royal for the WWE Women's Championship | 05:23 |
| 8 | Ric Flair (c) defeated Triple H | Steel Cage match for the WWE Intercontinental Championship | 23:47 |
| 9 | John Cena (c) defeated Kurt Angle and Shawn Michaels | Triple Threat match for the WWE Championship | 16:42 |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match  H  – the match was broadcast prior to the pay-per-view on *Sunday Night Heat* | | | |

### Battle royal entrances and eliminations

| Order | Wrestler | Eliminated by |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Maria Kanellis | Trish Stratus and Mickie James |
| 2 | Candice Michelle | Ashley Massaro |
| 3 | Ashley Massaro | Victoria |
| 4 | Victoria | Mickie James |
| 5 | Mickie James | Victoria |
| Winner | Trish Stratus | - |

### Voting results

| **Poll** | **Results** |
| --- | --- |
| Opponents for Snitsky and Chris Masters | * **Matt Hardy (31%)** * **Rey Mysterio (29%)** * John "Bradshaw" Layfield (17%) * Christian (13%) * Hardcore Holly (10%) |
| Eugene's partner against Rob Conway and Tyson Tomko | * **Jimmy Snuka (43%)** * Jim Duggan (40%) * Kamala (17%) |
| Opponent for Carlito | * **Mankind (52%)** * Cactus Jack (35%) * Dude Love (13%) |
| Stipulations for Batista versus Jonathan Coachman | * **Street Fight (91%)** * Verbal debate (6%) * Arm wrestling match (3%) |
| Outfit for the Fulfill Your Fantasy Diva Battle Royal | * **Lingerie (43%)** * Leather and lace (32%) * Cheerleader (25%) |
| Stipulations for Triple H versus Ric Flair | * **Steel cage match (83%)** * Submission match (13%) * Regular match (4%) |
| Opponent for John Cena and Kurt Angle | * **Shawn Michaels (46%)** * Kane (38%) * Big Show (16%) |

* (2005). *Taboo Tuesday \[DVD\]. World Wrestling Entertainment*.
* (2008). *Triple H: The King of Kings \[DVD\]. World Wrestling Entertainment.*

## InfoBox

| Taboo Tuesday | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional poster featuring Kurt Angle, Eric Bischoff, and John Cena | |
| Promotion | World Wrestling Entertainment |
| Brand(s) | Raw |
| Date | November 1, 2005 |
| City | San Diego, California |
| Venue | iPayOne Center |
| Attendance | 6,000 |
| Buy rate | 174,000 |
| Tagline(s) | *Log on. Take over.* |
| Pay-per-view chronology | |
| **Previous**
No Mercy **Next**
Survivor Series | |
| Taboo Tuesday/Cyber Sunday chronology | |
| **Previous**
2004 **Next**
Cyber Sunday | |


title: 2013 AdvoCare V100 Bowl

abstract: The 2013 AdvoCare V100 Bowl was an American college football bowl game that was played on December 31, 2013, at Independence Stadium in Shreveport, Louisiana. The 38th edition of the game otherwise known as the Independence Bowl, it matched up the Boston College Eagles from the Atlantic Coast Conference and the Arizona Wildcats from the Pac-12 Conference. The game kicked off at 11:30 a.m. CST and aired on ESPN. It was one of the 2013–14 bowl games that concluded the 2013 FBS football season. Arizona defeated Boston College by a score of 42–19. This was the final edition with nutritional supplement company AdvoCare as the title sponsor, and the only edition not to include "Independence Bowl" in the official name.

text:
# 2013 AdvoCare V100 Bowl

The **2013 AdvoCare V100 Bowl** was an American college football bowl game that was played on December 31, 2013, at Independence Stadium in Shreveport, Louisiana. The 38th edition of the game otherwise known as the Independence Bowl, it matched up the Boston College Eagles from the Atlantic Coast Conference and the Arizona Wildcats from the Pac-12 Conference. The game kicked off at 11:30 a.m. CST and aired on ESPN. It was one of the 2013–14 bowl games that concluded the 2013 FBS football season. Arizona defeated Boston College by a score of 42–19. This was the final edition with nutritional supplement company AdvoCare as the title sponsor, and the only edition not to include "Independence Bowl" in the official name.

## Teams

Boston College finished the regular season with a record of 7–5 (4–4 ACC). Arizona's record was 7–5 (4–5 Pac-12).

The game featured the nation's top two running backs in BC's Andre Williams who was the 2013 Doak Walker Award winner and a Heisman Trophy finalist and in Arizona's Ka'Deem Carey who was also a finalist for the Doak Walker Award. Williams and Carey were FBS ranked first and second respectively in yards per game and both were consensus 2013 All-Americans, with Williams being a unanimous choice.

### Arizona

### Boston College

## Game summary

### Scoring summary

| Scoring summary |
| --- |
| Quarter Time Drive Team Scoring information Score  Plays Yards TOP Arizona Boston College  1 7:51 4 92 0:41 Arizona Ka'Deem Carey 2-yard touchdown run, Jake Smith kick good 7 0  1 1:11 13 54 6:40 BC 32-yard field goal by Nate Freese 7 3  2 8:45 10 46 5:02 BC 41-yard field goal by Freese 7 6  2 4:16 0 1 0:28 Arizona Interception returned 69 yards for touchdown by Will Parks, Smith kick good 14 6  2 0:30 10 80 2:13 Arizona Trey Griffey 26-yard touchdown reception from B. J. Denker, Smith kick good 21 6  3 12:11 11 75 2:49 Arizona Carey 5-yard touchdown run, Smith kick good 28 6  3 4:56 8 93 2:16 Arizona Denker 14-yard touchdown run, Smith kick good 35 6  4 13:40 12 80 4:41 Arizona Griffey 3-yard touchdown reception from Denker, Smith kick good 42 6  4 12:00 4 65 1:40 BC Andre Williams 4-yard touchdown run, 2-point run failed 42 12  4 0:35 12 94 4:35 BC Tyler Rouse 6-yard touchdown run, Freese kick good 42 19  "TOP" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football. 42 19 |

### Statistics

| Statistics | ARZ | BC |
| --- | --- | --- |
| First Downs | 28 | 20 |
| Total offense, plays – yards | 73–529 | 73–351 |
| Rushes-yards (net) | 49-254 (5.2) | 45-145 (3.2) |
| Passing yards (net) | 275 (11.5) | 206 (7.4) |
| Passes, Comp-Att-Int | 17-24-0 | 17–28–2 |
| Fumbles lost | 2 | 0 |
| Penalties (Yds) | 2-23 | 5-55 |
| Time of Possession | 24:50 | 35:10 |
| 3rd Down | 7-12 | 8–17 |
| 4th Down | 1-2 | 0-0 |
|

## Game notes

* November 27, 2013 – It was announced that B-25 to fly over Independence Stadium prior to kickoff of 2013 AdvoCare V100 Bowl

## InfoBox

| 2013 AdvoCare V100 Bowl | |
| --- | --- |
| 38th Independence Bowl | |
|  | |
| 1 2 3 4 Total  **Arizona** 7 14 14 7 42  **Boston College** 3 3 0 13 19 | |
| Date | December 31, 2013 |
| Season | 2013 |
| Stadium | Independence Stadium |
| Location | Shreveport, Louisiana |
| MVP | B.J. Denker, Will Parks |
| Favorite | Arizona by 7 |
| National anthem | Cole Vosbury |
| Referee | Alan Eck (Mtn. West) |
| Halftime show | Both Teams Marching Bands |
| Attendance | 36,917 |
| Payout | US$1,100,000 |
| United States TV coverage | |
| Network | ESPN |
| Announcers | Tom Hart (Play-by-play)
John Congemi (Analyst)
Niki Noto (Sideline) |
|


title: Cardin, Oklahoma

abstract: Cardin is a former town in Ottawa County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 150 at the 2000 census, but declined all the way to a population of 3 at the 2010 census in April 2010. By November of 2010, the population of the town was listed as zero. A former center of zinc and lead mining in northeastern Oklahoma, the town is located within the Tar Creek Superfund site designated in 1983 because of extensive environmental contamination. The vast majority of its residents accepted federal buyout offers of their properties, and the town's population officially had declined to zero in November 2010.

text:
# Cardin, Oklahoma

**Cardin** is a former town in Ottawa County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 150 at the 2000 census, but declined all the way to a population of 3 at the 2010 census in April 2010. By November of 2010, the population of the town was listed as zero.

A former center of zinc and lead mining in northeastern Oklahoma, the town is located within the Tar Creek Superfund site designated in 1983 because of extensive environmental contamination. The vast majority of its residents accepted federal buyout offers of their properties, and the town's population officially had declined to zero in November 2010.

## History

### Early history

When it was founded as a mining town in 1913, this was first known as Tar Creek, after a stream in the area. In 1918, William Oscar Cardin (Quapaw), and his wife, Isa (Wade) Cardin, had his 40-acre allotment platted and recorded with the county clerk. The town name was changed from Tar Creek to Cardin in 1920. There were 2,640 residents in 1920, many of them mineworkers.

This was part of the Tri-State district of southwest Missouri, southeast Kansas, and northeast Oklahoma, which produced more than 43% of the lead and zinc in the United States in the early 20th century.

### Buyout and shutdown

The town, along with Picher, and Hockerville, Oklahoma, is located within the Tar Creek Superfund site. This was designated in 1983 under laws intended to allocate federal funding to clean up former mining sites of extensive pollution.

These towns are part of a $60 million federal buyout because of lead pollution, as well as the risk of buildings caving in due to decades of underground mining. Cardin, Oklahoma, officially closed its last business, the post office, on February 28, 2009. In April 2009, federal officials stated that only seven residences were occupied in Cardin and that the town's water service would soon be shut off. Cardin was the first city within the Superfund area to be completely closed down. In November 2010, the last family in Cardin received its final buyout payment from the federally funded Lead-Impacted Communities Relocation Assistance Trust. They departed, reducing the town's population to zero.

Similarly, Picher was officially unincorporated in 2013, after reductions in population due to buyouts and to damage from the 2008 tornado. The state and EPA estimate that years more of investment and treatment will be required to reduce contamination to acceptable levels, and restore some of the habitat and landscape.

## Geography

Cardin is located at 36°58′32″N 94°51′6″W / 36.97556°N 94.85167°W / 36.97556; -94.85167 (36.975692, -94.851612). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2), all of it land.

## Demographics

At the 2000 census, there were 150 people, 58 households, and 44 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,665.7 inhabitants per square mile (643.1/km2). There were 66 housing units at an average density of 732.9 per square mile (283.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 83.33% White, 6.00% Native American, and 10.67% from two or more races.

There were 58 households, of which 29.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.3% were married couples living together, 13.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.1% were non-families. 20.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.00.

22.7% of the population was under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 20.7% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.3 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 96.6 males.

The median household income was $24,000 and the median family income was $25,417. Males had a median income of $23,125 compared with $13,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $9,570. There were 22.0% of families and 31.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including 57.1% of those under eighteen and none of those over 64.

## Education

The local school district, Picher-Cardin Public Schools, closed in 2009. The territory at that time became a part of Quapaw Public Schools.

## Notable people

* Eagle Picher Mine was the principal lead-zinc producer in the Picher mining district of Oklahoma.
* Tri-State district, was the historic lead-zinc mining district in southwest Missouri, southeast Kansas, and northeast Oklahoma.

## InfoBox

| Cardin, Oklahoma | |
| --- | --- |
| Ghost Town | |
| A view of downtown Cardin in 2008. | |
| Location within Ottawa County and the state of Oklahoma showing former municipal boundaries | |
| Coordinates: 36°58′32″N 94°51′6″W / 36.97556°N 94.85167°W / 36.97556; -94.85167 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Oklahoma |
| County | Ottawa |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.1 sq mi (0.2 km2) |
| Land | 0.1 sq mi (0.2 km2) |
| Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2) |
| Elevation | 810 ft (247 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 0 |
| Density | 0.0/sq mi (0.0/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 74335 |
| Area code(s) | 539/918 |
| FIPS code | 40-11900 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1090958 |


title: Union City, Missouri

abstract: Union City is an unincorporated rural hamlet in northern Stone County, Missouri, United States. It is located approximately 3.5 miles south of Clever at the intersection of routes M and K. Possum Trot is about two miles to the east on route M. There are only homes located there. Union City was a Union Army camp during the Civil War. A small train station was built there (it still stands, but the old railroad itself was removed and converted to a road, Route K, during the Get Missouri Out Of The Mud movement of the 1950s. The adjacent area to the east of Union City and south of Possum Trot is known as Union Ridge, and a church was built there in 1896. On the day of the church building dedication, several drunk, rowdy young men arrived at the outdoor dinner gathering. For reasons believed to involve a young lady, a knife fight broke out and a number of people were severely injured. As a result, area residents referred to the church as "the Bloody Ridge Baptist Church", a name that stuck for several generations. South of Union Ridge and east of Union City is Silver Lake, an impoundment that was dammed in 1865 by Davis Kimberling for the purpose of powering a feed and flour mill. It is now a recreational area.

text:
# Union City, Missouri

**Union City** is an unincorporated rural hamlet in northern Stone County, Missouri, United States. It is located approximately 3.5 miles south of Clever at the intersection of routes M and K. Possum Trot is about two miles to the east on route M. There are only homes located there.

Union City was a Union Army camp during the Civil War. A small train station was built there (it still stands, but the old railroad itself was removed and converted to a road, Route K, during the Get Missouri Out Of The Mud movement of the 1950s.

The adjacent area to the east of Union City and south of Possum Trot is known as Union Ridge, and a church was built there in 1896. On the day of the church building dedication, several drunk, rowdy young men arrived at the outdoor dinner gathering. For reasons believed to involve a young lady, a knife fight broke out and a number of people were severely injured. As a result, area residents referred to the church as "the Bloody Ridge Baptist Church", a name that stuck for several generations.

South of Union Ridge and east of Union City is Silver Lake, an impoundment that was dammed in 1865 by Davis Kimberling for the purpose of powering a feed and flour mill. It is now a recreational area.

36°58′44″N 93°27′57″W / 36.97889°N 93.46583°W / 36.97889; -93.46583


title: Caliciviridae

abstract: The Caliciviridae are a family of "small round structured" viruses, members of Class IV of the Baltimore scheme. Caliciviridae bear resemblance to enlarged picornavirus and was formerly a separate genus within the picornaviridae. They are positive-sense, single-stranded RNA which is not segmented. Thirteen species are placed in this family, divided among eleven genera. Diseases associated with this family include feline calicivirus, rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus, and Norwalk group of viruses (gastroenteritis). Caliciviruses naturally infect vertebrates, and have been found in a number of organisms such as humans, cattle, pigs, cats, chickens, reptiles, dolphins and amphibians. The caliciviruses have a simple construction and are not enveloped. The capsid appears hexagonal/spherical and has icosahedral symmetry with a diameter of 35–39 nm. Caliciviruses are not very well studied because until recently, they could not be grown in culture, and they have a very narrow host range and no suitable animal model. However, the recent application of modern genomic technologies has led to an increased understanding of the virus family. A recent isolate from rhesus monkeys—Tulane virus—can be grown in culture, and this system promises to increase understanding of these viruses.

text:
# Caliciviridae

The ***Caliciviridae*** are a family of "small round structured" viruses, members of Class IV of the Baltimore scheme. Caliciviridae bear resemblance to enlarged picornavirus and was formerly a separate genus within the picornaviridae. They are positive-sense, single-stranded RNA which is not segmented. Thirteen species are placed in this family, divided among eleven genera. Diseases associated with this family include feline calicivirus (respiratory disease), rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (often fatal hepatitis), and Norwalk group of viruses (gastroenteritis). Caliciviruses naturally infect vertebrates, and have been found in a number of organisms such as humans, cattle, pigs, cats, chickens, reptiles, dolphins and amphibians. The caliciviruses have a simple construction and are not enveloped. The capsid appears hexagonal/spherical and has icosahedral symmetry (T=1 or T=3) with a diameter of 35–39 nm.

Caliciviruses are not very well studied because until recently, they could not be grown in culture, and they have a very narrow host range and no suitable animal model. However, the recent application of modern genomic technologies has led to an increased understanding of the virus family. A recent isolate from rhesus monkeysTulane virus—can be grown in culture, and this system promises to increase understanding of these viruses.

## Etymology

Calici- comes from the Latin word *Calyx* and the Greek word *kalyx*. The words mean a cup or chalice, a Calix. This comes from the strains having visible cup-shaped depressions.

## Taxonomy

The following genera are recognized:

A number of other caliciviruses remain unclassified, including the chicken calicivirus.

## Virology

## Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to host receptors, which mediate endocytosis. Replication follows the positive-stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive-stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning, and RNA termination-reinitiation. Vertebrates serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are fecal-oral.

## Human disease

## History

Establishing the viral etiology took many decades due to the difficulty of growing the virus in cell culture. In the 1940s and 1950s in the United States and Japan, caliciviridae could not be grown in culture, but as an experiment bacterial free filtrate of diarrhea was given to volunteers to check if viruses were present in volunteers' stool. These experiments demonstrated that nonbacterial, filterable agents had the capability of causing enteric disease in humans. In 1968, an outbreak at a Norwalk elementary school (e.g. Norwalk virus) in Ohio led to stool samples again being given to volunteers and serially passaged to other people. Finally, in 1972, Kapikian and his colleagues isolated the Norwalk virus from volunteers using immune electron microscopy, a process that involves looking directly at antibody-antigen complexes. The classification of this one Norwalk virus strain served as the prototype for other species and small round structured viruses later known as Norovirus.

## Animal viruses

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus is a pathogen of rabbits that causes major problems throughout the world where rabbits are reared for food and clothing, make a significant contribution to ecosystem ecology, and where they support valued wildlife as a food source.

## Uses

Australia and New Zealand, in an effort to control their rabbit populations, have intentionally spread rabbit calicivirus.

## InfoBox

| *Caliciviridae* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Virus classification | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| *Realm*: | *Riboviria* |
| Kingdom: | *Orthornavirae* |
| Phylum: | *Pisuviricota* |
| Class: | *Pisoniviricetes* |
| Order: | *Picornavirales* |
| Family: | ***Caliciviridae*** |
|
| Genera | |
| See text | |


title: Erastus J. O. Mwencha

abstract: Erastus J.O. Mwencha is a Kenyan businessman who served as a Secretary-General of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa and former Deputy Chairperson of the African Union Commission, to which he was elected on February 6, 2008. On January 30, 2017, he was succeeded as Deputy Chairperson of the AU Commission by Ghana diplomat Thomas Kwasi Quartey. He is married with three children.

text:
# Erastus J. O. Mwencha

**Erastus J.O. Mwencha** (November 15, 1947) is a Kenyan businessman who served as a Secretary-General of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa and former Deputy Chairperson of the African Union Commission, to which he was elected on February 6, 2008. On January 30, 2017, he was succeeded as Deputy Chairperson of the AU Commission by Ghana diplomat Thomas Kwasi Quartey.

He is married with three children.

## Honors

## InfoBox

| Erastus Mwencha | |
| --- | --- |
| Mwencha at the World Economic Forum on Africa in 2012 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1947-11-15) 15 November 1947
Kisii, Kenya |
| Alma mater | University of Nairobi
York University |
|  | |


title: Sullivan Hall (Seattle University)

abstract: Sullivan Hall is a building on the Seattle University campus, in the U.S. state of Washington. The building houses the Seattle University School of Law. Designed by Olson/Sundberg, the 135,000 square foot building was completed in August 1999 and cost approximately $21 million.

text:
# Sullivan Hall (Seattle University)

**Sullivan Hall** (also known as the **Law Building**) is a building on the Seattle University campus, in the U.S. state of Washington. The building houses the Seattle University School of Law.

Designed by Olson/Sundberg, the 135,000 square foot building was completed in August 1999 and cost approximately $21 million.

## InfoBox

| Sullivan Hall | |
| --- | --- |
| The building's exterior, 2022 | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Town or city | Seattle, Washington |
| Country | United States |
| Coordinates | 47°36′34.5″N 122°19′1.5″W / 47.609583°N 122.317083°W / 47.609583; -122.317083 |


title: Brand New Day (Massari song)

abstract: "Brand New Day" is a single by Lebanese Canadian R&B/pop singer Massari released as the second single from his first EP Hero. It was released on July 1st 2012 by CP Records, marking the first official single by Massari with CP in 5 years; the last single with CP was Hero's lead single "Rush the Floor" in 2006 featuring rapper Belly.

text:
# Brand New Day (Massari song)

"**Brand New Day**" is a single by Lebanese Canadian R&B/pop singer Massari released as the second single from his first EP *Hero*. It was released on July 1st 2012 by CP Records, marking the first official single by Massari with CP in 5 years; the last single with CP was *Hero*'s lead single "Rush the Floor" in 2006 featuring rapper Belly.

## Music video

The music video was shot in Miami, Florida and was directed by RT!. It shows Massari with his love interest going round in Miami venues and on boat trips near the Miami coast or shown partying with friends.

## Charts

"Brand New Day" has been relatively successful in Billboard Canadian Hot 100 for 20 weeks and reaching number 41.

Many months after its release in Canada, the single became a hit in July 2013 in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

| Chart (2012-2013) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 28 |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 41 |
| Germany (Media Control Charts) | 29 |
| Switzerland (Swiss Hitparade) | 24 |
|

## InfoBox

| "Brand New Day" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Massari | |
| from the EP  *Hero* | |
| Released | July 1, 2012 (2012-07-01) |
| Genre | R&B, dance |
| Length | 3:21 |
| Label | CP Records |
| Songwriter(s) | Ovidiu Bistriceanu, Wassim Salibi, Ahmad Balshe, Sari Abboud |
| Producer(s) | Ovi |
| Massari singles chronology | |
| "Full Circle"
(2012) "**Brand New Day**"
(2012) "Shisha"
(2013) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Brand New Day" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Pimpalas, Bhiwandi

abstract: Pimplas is a village in the Thane district of Maharashtra, India. It is located in the Bhiwandi taluka.

text:
# Pimpalas, Bhiwandi

**Pimplas** is a village in the Thane district of Maharashtra, India. It is located in the Bhiwandi taluka.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Pimplas has 768 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 81.5%.

Demographics (2011 Census)
|  | Total | Male | Female |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Population | 3935 | 2008 | 1927 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 546 | 280 | 266 |
| Scheduled caste | 37 | 24 | 13 |
| Scheduled tribe | 324 | 161 | 163 |
| Literates | 2762 | 1517 | 1245 |
| Workers (all) | 1369 | 1152 | 217 |
| Main workers (total) | 1236 | 1071 | 165 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 317 | 248 | 69 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 25 | 17 | 8 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 58 | 44 | 14 |
| Main workers: Other | 836 | 762 | 74 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 133 | 81 | 52 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 20 | 11 | 9 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 11 | 5 | 6 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 100 | 63 | 37 |
| Non-workers | 2566 | 856 | 1710 |

## InfoBox

| Pimplas Pimpalas | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| PimplasLocation in Maharashtra, IndiaPimplasPimplas (India) | |
| Coordinates: 19°15′03″N 73°04′44″E / 19.2508479°N 73.0788957°E / 19.2508479; 73.0788957 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Maharashtra |
| District | Thane |
| Taluka | Bhiwandi |
| Elevation | 4 m (13 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 3,935 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 421311 |
| 2011 census code | 552660 |


title: Tadeusz Rut

abstract: Tadeusz Rut was a Polish athlete. He competed at the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Olympics in the hammer throw and won a bronze medal in 1960. In 1956 he also finished 17th in the discus throw and was selected as the Olympic flag bearer for Poland. At the European championships he won a gold medal in 1958 setting a new continental record. That year he was ranked as the world's best hammer thrower. Rut was born in a family of a carpenter in Przeworsk, and completed his school studies in Wroclaw in 1950. In 1966 he received a master's degree in sanitation engineering. During his athletics career Rut won 8 national titles in the hammer throw and discus throw (1956) and set 18 national records.

text:
# Tadeusz Rut

**Tadeusz Rut** (11 October 1931 – 27 March 2002) was a Polish athlete. He competed at the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Olympics in the hammer throw and won a bronze medal in 1960. In 1956 he also finished 17th in the discus throw and was selected as the Olympic flag bearer for Poland. At the European championships he won a gold medal in 1958 setting a new continental record. That year he was ranked as the world's best hammer thrower.

Rut was born in a family of a carpenter in Przeworsk, and completed his school studies in Wroclaw in 1950. In 1966 he received a master's degree in sanitation engineering. During his athletics career Rut won 8 national titles in the hammer throw (1955–1958, 1961, 1964, 1965) and discus throw (1956) and set 18 national records.

## InfoBox

Tadeusz Rut
| Tadeusz Rut at the 1960 Olympics | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | 11 October 1931
Przeworsk, Poland |
| Died | 27 March 2002 (aged 70)
Warsaw, Poland |
| Height | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) |
| Weight | 90 kg (198 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Event(s) | Hammer throw, discus throw |
| Club | MKS Czarni (1949–1951)
OWKS (1952–1953)
Odry (1956–1957)
Burzy Wrocław (1958)
Legia Warszawa (1959–1967) |
| Coached by | Sławomir Zieleniewski, Paweł Kozubek |
| Achievements and titles | |
| Personal best(s) | HT – 67.07 m (1964)
DT – 51.09 m (1959) |
| Medal record      Representing  Poland  Olympic Games  1960 Rome  Hammer throw  European Athletics Championships  1958 Stockholm Hammer throw | |


title: George Clancey

abstract: George Clancey was an American actor of the silent era. He appeared in several films. Clancey was born on 9 November 1881 in St. Louis, Missouri to John Clancy and Lucy Lumpkins. He starred in several silent films, most of them with the American Film Company of Santa Barbara. He is best known for playing the character of a restaurant owner nicknamed Alexander the Great in the 1916 Arthur Maude movie Lord Loveland Discovers America. He also played the character Hook Barnacle in several of the 15 episodes of the adventure serial The Secret of the Submarine. He married May Cornell, and died on 13 November 1921 in Cairo, Illinois.

text:
# George Clancey

**George Clancey** (9 November 1881 – 13 November 1921) was an American actor of the silent era. He appeared in several films.

Clancey was born on 9 November 1881 in St. Louis, Missouri to John Clancy and Lucy Lumpkins. He starred in several silent films, most of them with the American Film Company of Santa Barbara. He is best known for playing the character of a restaurant owner nicknamed *Alexander the Great* in the 1916 Arthur Maude movie *Lord Loveland Discovers America*. He also played the character *Hook Barnacle* in several of the 15 episodes of the adventure serial *The Secret of the Submarine*. He married May Cornell, and died on 13 November 1921 in Cairo, Illinois.

## Filmography

## InfoBox

| George Clancey | |
| --- | --- |
| Clancey as *Alexander the Great*  in *Lord Loveland Discovers America* | |
| Born | 9 November 1881
St. Louis, Missouri, United States |
| Died | 13 November 1921
Cairo, Illinois, United States |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1912 \- 1916 |


title: Carenum emarginatum

abstract: Carenum emarginatum is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Sloane in 1900.

text:
# Carenum emarginatum

***Carenum emarginatum*** is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Sloane in 1900.

## InfoBox

| *Carenum emarginatum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Carenum* |
| Species: | ***C. emarginatum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Carenum emarginatum***<br>Sloane, 1900 | |
|


title: Čobe

abstract: Čobe is a village in the municipality of Maglaj, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

text:
# Čobe

**Čobe** is a village in the municipality of Maglaj, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 635.

Ethnicity in 2013
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bosniaks | 632 | 99.5% |
| other/undeclared | 3 | 0.5% |
| **Total** | **635** | **100%** |

## InfoBox

| Čobe | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Čobe | |
| Coordinates: 44°08′N 18°09′E / 44.133°N 18.150°E / 44.133; 18.150 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Canton | Zenica-Doboj |
| Municipality | Maglaj |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.03 sq mi (5.27 km2) |
| Population (2013) | |
| Total | 635 |
| Density | 310/sq mi (120/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Calico, California

abstract: Calico is a ghost town and former mining town in San Bernardino County, California, United States. Located in the Calico Mountains of the Mojave Desert region of Southern California, it was founded in 1881 as a silver mining town, and was later converted into a county park named Calico Ghost Town. Located off Interstate 15, it lies 3 miles (4.8 km) equidistant from Barstow and Yermo. Giant letters spelling CALICO are visible, from the highway, on the Calico Peaks behind it. Walter Knott purchased Calico in the 1950s, and rebuilt all but the five remaining original buildings to look as they did in the 1880s. Calico received California Historical Landmark #782, and in 2005 was proclaimed by then-Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger to be California's Silver Rush Ghost Town.

text:
# Calico, California

**Calico** is a ghost town and former mining town in San Bernardino County, California, United States. Located in the Calico Mountains of the Mojave Desert region of Southern California, it was founded in 1881 as a silver mining town, and was later converted into a county park named *Calico Ghost Town*. Located off Interstate 15, it lies 3 miles (4.8 km) equidistant from Barstow and Yermo. Giant letters spelling *CALICO* are visible, from the highway, on the Calico Peaks behind it. Walter Knott purchased Calico in the 1950s, and rebuilt all but the five remaining original buildings to look as they did in the 1880s. Calico received California Historical Landmark #782, and in 2005 was proclaimed by then-Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger to be California's Silver Rush Ghost Town.

## History

In 1881, four prospectors were leaving Grapevine Station (present-day Barstow, California) for a mountain peak to the northeast. After they described the peak as "calico-colored", the peak, the mountain range to which it belonged, and the town that followed were all called Calico. The four prospectors discovered silver in the mountain and opened the Silver King Mine, which was California's largest silver producer in the mid-1880s. John C. King, who had grubstaked the prospectors who discovered the silver vein (the Silver King Mine was thus named after him), was the uncle of Walter Knott founder of Knott's Berry Farm. King was sheriff of San Bernardino County from 1879 to 1882. A post office at Calico was established in early 1882, and the Calico Print, a weekly newspaper, started publishing. The town soon supported three hotels, five general stores, a meat market, bars, brothels, and three restaurants and boarding houses. The county established a school district and a voting precinct. The town also had a deputy sheriff and two constables, two lawyers and a justice of the peace, five commissioners, and two doctors. There was also a Wells Fargo office and a telephone and telegraph service. At the height of its silver production during 1883 and 1885, Calico had over 500 mines and a population of 1,200 people. Local badmen were buried in the Boot Hill cemetery.

The discovery of the borate mineral colemanite in the Calico mountains a few years after the settlement of the town also helped Calico's fortunes, and in 1890 the estimated population of the town was 3,500, with nationals of China, England, Ireland, Greece, France, and the Netherlands, as well as Americans living there. In the same year, the Silver Purchase Act was enacted and drove down the price of silver. By 1896, its value had decreased to $0.57 (~$21.00 in 2023) per troy ounce, and Calico's silver mines were no longer economically viable. The post office was discontinued in 1898, and the school closed not long after. By the turn of the twentieth century, Calico was all but a ghost town, and with the end of borax mining in the region in 1907 the town was completely abandoned. Many of the original buildings were moved to Barstow, Daggett and Yermo.

An attempt to revive the town was made c.1915, when a cyanide plant was built to recover silver from the unprocessed Silver King Mine's deposits. Walter Knott and his wife Cordelia, founders of Knott's Berry Farm, were homesteaded at Newberry Springs around this time, and Knott helped build the redwood cyanide tanks for the plant.

The last owner of Calico as a mine was Zenda Mining Company. After building Ghost Town at Knott's Berry Farm in the 1940s, Walter Knott, his son, Russell, and Paul von Klieben, who was Knott's art director, made a road trip to Calico. The three of them came back filled with enthusiasm. Now having experience building a fictional ghost town at Knott's Berry Farm, the group believed that it would be possible to restore a real ghost town. In 1951, Walter Knott purchased the town of Calico from the Zenda Mining Company and put Paul von Klieben in charge of restoring it to its original condition, referencing old photographs.

Using the old photos, and Walter's memory and that of some old-timers who still lived in the area, von Klieben was able to not only restore existing structures, but also design and replace missing buildings. Knott spent $700,000 restoring Calico. Knott installed a longtime employee named Freddy "Calico Fred" Noller as resident caretaker and official greeter. In 1966 Walter Knott decided to donate the town to San Bernardino County, and Calico became a County Regional Park.

## Current status

Calico has been restored to the look of the silver rush era when it flourished, although many original buildings were removed and replaced instead with gingerbread architecture and false façades that tourists would expect to see in a Western-themed town. Most of the restored and newly built buildings are made of wood with a simple, rustic architecture and a severely weathered appearance. Some structures still stand dating back to the town's operational years: Lil's Saloon; the town office; the former home of Lucy Lane, which is now the main museum but was originally the town's post office and courthouse; Smitty's Gallery; the general store; and Joe's Saloon. There is also a replica of the schoolhouse on the site of the original building. The one-time homes of the town's Chinese citizens exist as ruins only; only a portion of one rock wall remains of the former "family" residential area on a nearby bluff.

In November 1962, Calico Ghost Town was registered as a California Historical Landmark (Landmark #782), In 2002, Calico vied with Bodie in Mono County to be recognized as the Official State Ghost Town. In 2005, a compromise was finally reached when the State Senate and State Assembly agreed to list Bodie as the Official State Gold Rush Ghost Town and Calico as the Official State Silver Rush Ghost Town.

Today, the park operates mine tours, gunfight stunt shows, gold panning, several restaurants, the historic 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge Calico & Odessa Railroad, a Mystery Shack, and a number of trinket stores. It is open every day except Christmas and requires an entrance fee. Additional fees are required for some attractions. Overnight camping is also available. Special events are held throughout the year, including the Civil War Days Historical Reenactment on President's Day weekend, Spring Festival in May, Calico Days in early October, and a Ghost Town haunt in late October.

The Calico Cemetery, which holds between 96 and 130 graves, has had burials in the 20th and 21st centuries.

## InfoBox

| Calico | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Calico in the Mojave Desert | |
| CalicoLocation within Southern California | |
| Coordinates: 34°56′56″N 116°51′51″W / 34.94889°N 116.86417°W / 34.94889; -116.86417 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | California |
| County | San Bernardino |
| Elevation | 2,283 ft (696 m) |
| Time zone | UTC−8 (Pacific) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−7 (PDTTooltip Pacific Daylight Time) |
| ZIP code | 92398 |
| Area codes | 760/442 |
| GNISTooltip Geographic Names Information System feature ID | 1660414 |
| Website | parks.sbcounty.gov/category/calico |
|  | |
| California Historical Landmark | |
| Reference no. | 782 |
|  | |
|  | |